gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Preparations of Antifungal Sch 42427/SM 9164: Preparative Chromatographic Resolution, and Total Asymmetric Synthesis via Enzymatic Preparation of Chiral α‐Hydroxy Arylketones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The ISL TC-STAR Spring 2006 ASR Evaluation Systems (2006)

In this second article in the quality improvement (QI) methods series, we discuss how data are best displayed and analyzed in QI projects while focusing on some similarities with and differences from traditional clinical research. We demonstrate why displaying data over time on a run or control chart is superior to using pre-post analysis for QI studies. We introduce several types of statistical process control charts for data commonly collected during QI programs and provide guidance on how to use the proper chart. Last, we present solutions to several common data challenges in QI projects.
Trans-Parenchymal Nodule Access (TPNA) - A New Real-Time Image-Guided Approach To Pulmonary Nodules (2012)

BACKGROUND: Currently, pulmonary nodules (PN) are accessed by Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (TTNA) or Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (TBNA). There is a clinical need for improvement of bronchoscopic access to small (<10mm) intraparenchymal PNs such that the high yield of TTNA and the safety of TBNA is achieved.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and yield of Trans-Parenchymal Nodule Access (TPNA).

METHODS: In a healthy canine model, multiple 0.25cc calcium hydroxylapatite injections were implanted to represent ≤8mm diameter PNs in the upper and lower lobes. CT scans were acquired and plans were generated to prescribe a vessel-free, straight-line path from a central airway location directly to the target using an image guidance system (LungPoint®). Access through the airway wall was initiated with a TBNA needle followed by balloon dilation and sheath insertion. Advancement of the sheath was guided by overlaying CT-defined targets and tunnels onto the live fluoroscopy images using the system. The sheath enabled target sampling with 2.0mm biopsy forceps through the lumen.

RESULTS: In 10 canines, 31 targets averaging 34mm (21mm – 50mm) from the airway wall and 7.6mm (0.1mm – 21mm) from the pleura, were accessed via TPNA and sampled. Sampling results indicated a yield of 90.4% with no pneumothoraces and minimal bleeding (<2ml).

CONCLUSIONS: These canine studies demonstrate that TPNA has the potential to achieve the high yield of TTNA with the low complication profile associated with TBNA.
Metallic filamentary conduction in valence change-based resistive switching devices: the case of TaOx thin film with x ∼ 1 (2019)

The resistive switching in metal-oxide thin films typically occurs via modulation of the oxygen content in nano-sized conductive filaments. For Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-based resistive switching devices, the two current models consider filaments composed of oxygen vacancies and those containing metallic Ta clusters. The present work tries to resolve this dispute. The filaments in Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> were formerly shown to exhibit the same electrical transport mechanisms as TaO<sub>x</sub> thin films with x∼ 1.0. In this paper, sputtered thin films of pure β-Ta and of TaO<sub>x</sub> with different oxygen concentrations are studied and compared in terms of their structure and electrical transport. The structural analysis reveals the presence of Ta clusters in the TaO<sub>x</sub> films. Identical electrical transport characteristics were observed in the TaO<sub>x</sub> films with x∼ 1.0 and in the β-Ta film. Both show the same transport mechanism, a carrier concentration on the order of 10<sup>22</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> and a positive magnetoresistance associated with weak antilocalization at T < 30 K. It is concluded that the electrical transport in the TaO<sub>x</sub> films with x∼ 1.0 is dominated by percolation through Ta clusters. This means that the transport in the filaments is also determined by percolation through Ta clusters, strongly supporting the metallic Ta filament model.
Abstract 21139: Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure and Electrical Storm is safe and efficacious. (2010)

The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on the level of homocysteine and glutathione in biological samples. The study comprised 30 people, who qualified into two groups--subjects who never smoke the cigarettes (n = 10) and currently smoking (n = 20). Smoking habit were assessed by questionnaire. Cotinine (major metabolite of nicotine) was determined in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The biothiols: glutathione in reduced and oxidized forms and homocysteine were determined by HPLC method using coulometric electrochemical detection. The concentrations of total and free plasma homocysteine were higher in active smoker. Glutathione levels in both groups were comparable. Observed differences should be explained in the further experiment.
Glucose utilization during gonadotropin‐induced meiotic maturation in cumulus cell‐enclosed mouse oocytes (1996)

Earlier work from this laboratory has determined that glucose plays an important role in the mechanisms regulating meiotic maturation in mammalian oocytes. In the current study, we have further explored the role of glucose in hormone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) in an effort to better understand how glucose utilization and metabolism relate to the control of meiotic maturation in mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO). When CEO were cultured in medium containing 4 mM hypoxanthine (to maintain meiotic arrest), 5.5 mM glucose, and 0.23 mM pyruvate, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulated lactate accumulation in a time-dependent manner. Addition of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) to the medium at various times after the initiation of culture resulted in rapid termination of lactate production and suppression of FSH-induced GVB scored after 18 hr of culture, the effectiveness diminishing the longer the delay before addition of 2-DG. By 8 hr, addition of 2-DG was without effect on GVB. Similar effects were seen when FSH-treated CEO were washed free of glucose. In a 2-DG dose-response experiment, gonadotropin-induced lactate production was prevented, but this inhibition did not necessarily prevent GVB. The activities of six metabolic enzymes were measured in extracts of freshly isolated complexes, and in order of increasing activity were: hexokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. Of the six enzymes examined, only hexokinase activity was increased in CEO exposed to FSH. CEO were cultured in microdrops in the presence or absence of FSH, and aliquots from the same microdrop were assayed for glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. In response to FSH, utilization of glucose in microdrop cultures by CEO was markedly increased and was accompanied by comparable lactate production and limited pyruvate production. Cycloheximide and α-amanitin both blocked FSH-induced oocyte maturation, but only cycloheximide prevented the increase in hexokinase activity and glucose consumption. These data suggest that hexokinase is an important rate-limiting enzyme for glucose utilization that is under translational control and participates in the mechanisms controlling the reinitiation of meiosis. However, stimulation of glycolytic activity does not appear to be a necessary concomitant for meiotic induction. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design and development of a high-performance passive millimeter-wave imager for aeronautical applications (2004)

This paper describes a high performance opto-mechanically scanned mm-wave imager intended to monitor the ground movement of aircraft in adverse weather conditions. It employs two counter-rotating mirrors that are tilted about their axes of rotation. They simulate the linear scan of a single high speed, large aperture flapping mirror. When used with a linear receiver array they can produce a two-dimensional scan of the scene at TV rates. In the present application they were used with a single receiver and a large flapping mirror to produce a two-dimensional scan of the scene of &plusmn;10&deg; vertically and 60deg; horizontally. One of the rotating mirrors had a concave surface and acted as the focusing element in the imager. The two mirrors were driven from a single servo motor using timing belts and toothed pulleys. The flapping mirror was slaved to the motion of the rotating discs using an electronic cam. The single channel 94GHz receiver consisted of an InP LNA followed by a down-converter and a detector. The video output passed to an A/D converter and was displayed on a conventional PC. This system has virtually 100% transmission and can be used at any waveband.
Detection of transients in heart rate variability signals using a time-varying varying Karhunen-Loeve expansion (2002)

We present a method to capture transient changes in heart-rate variability (HRV) signals. To deal with the nonstationarities in these signals we propose a time-dependent Karhunen-Loeve expansion. Using this expansion together with an entropy criterion we are able to partition the signal into quasi-stationary segments that can be further analyzed. Local eigenvalues and eigenvectors are then computed from a time-varying autocorrelation matrix in each segment. Application of our procedure resides in the dynamic assessment of the activity of the autonomic nervous system. An example is the capture of changes in HRV that might predict the initiation of cardiac arrhythmias. Previously, after performing and analyzing a stationary Karhunen-Loeve expansion of HRV signals, we showed that a significant increase in the dynamic range of the coefficients occurs shortly before the onset of life-threatening disturbances of cardiac rhythm. With the method proposed in this paper, we extend our previous results and we attempt a more precise determination of transients associated with changes in the autonomic nervous system.
Combining random backoff with a cross-layer tree algorithm for random access in IEEE 802.16 (2006)

We investigate the potential for high throughput when combining random backoff schemes with a robust cross-layer tree algorithm (TA) for wireless random access. We first develop a BEB-SICTA/FS protocol which combines the binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm with a recently proposed SICTA/FS protocol saturation throughput analysis of BEB-SICTA/FS motivates the combined protocol herein because: 1) by using the practically feasible SICTA/FS to resolve collisions in a conventional BEB based protocol for wireless random access, we can achieve high throughput; and 2) BEB can sufficiently reduce the collision size and thus enhance the efficiency of SICTA/FS, since SICTA/FS is more efficient when the number of initially collided packets is small. Guided by our analysis, we further put forth a GBEB-SICTA/FS protocol which is capable of higher and more steadfast saturation throughput than BEB-SICTA/FS. Finally, we tailor our protocols for the IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access (BWA) networks and test their performance through simulations
Understanding Noise and Interference Regimes in 5G Millimeter-Wave\n Cellular Networks (2016)

With the severe spectrum shortage in conventional cellular bands,\nmillimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies have been attracting growing attention for\nnext-generation micro- and picocellular wireless networks. A fundamental and\nopen question is whether mmWave cellular networks are likely to be noise- or\ninterference-limited. Identifying in which regime a network is operating is\ncritical for the design of MAC and physical-layer procedures and to provide\ninsights on how transmissions across cells should be coordinated to cope with\ninterference. This work uses the latest measurement-based statistical channel\nmodels to accurately assess the Interference-to-Noise Ratio (INR) in a wide\nrange of deployment scenarios. In addition to cell density, we also study\nantenna array size and antenna patterns, whose effects are critical in the\nmmWave regime. The channel models also account for blockage, line-of-sight and\nnon-line-of-sight regimes as well as local scattering, that significantly\naffect the level of spatial isolation.\n
The role of perivascular innervation and neurally mediated vasoreactivity in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (2017)

Neuronal death is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and considerable work has been done to understand how the loss of interconnectivity between neurons contributes to the associated dementia. Often overlooked however, is how the loss of neuronal innervation of blood vessels, termed perivascular innervation, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. There is now considerable evidence supporting a crucial role for the neurovascular unit (NVU) in mediating the clearance of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, one of the main pathological constituents of AD, from the brain. Moreover, efficient removal appears to be dependent on the communication of cells within the NVU to maintain adequate vascular tone and pulsatility. This review summarizes the composition of the NVU, including the sources of perivascular innervation and how the NVU mediates Aβ clearance from the brain. It also explores evidence supporting the hypothesis that loss of neurally mediated vasoreactivity contributes to Aβ pathology in the AD brain.
Strain relaxation in nanopatterned strained silicon round pillars (2007)

Periodic arrays of strained Si (sSi) round nanopillars were fabricated on sSi layers deposited on SiGe virtual substrates by electron-beam lithography and subsequent reactive-ion etching. The strain in the patterned sSi nanopillars was determined using high-resolution UV micro-Raman spectroscopy. The strain relaxes significantly upon nanostructuring: from 0.9% in the unpatterned sSi layer to values between 0.22% and 0.57% in the round sSi pillars with diameters from 100 up to 500nm. The strain distribution in the sSi nanopillars was analyzed by finite element (FE) modeling. The FE calculations confirm the strain relaxation after patterning, in agreement with the results obtained from Raman spectroscopy.
Scheduling of EV Battery Swapping, II: Distributed Solutions (2016)

In Part I of this paper we formulate an optimal scheduling problem for battery swapping that assigns to each electric vehicle (EV) a best station to swap its depleted battery based on its current location and state of charge. The schedule aims to minimize a weighted sum of total travel distance and generation cost over both station assignments and power flow variables, subject to EV range constraints, grid operational constraints and AC power flow equations. We propose there a centralized solution based on the second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation of optimal power flow (OPF) and generalized Benders decomposition that is suitable when global information is available. In this paper we propose two distributed solutions based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and dual decomposition respectively that are suitable for cases where the distribution grid, battery stations and EVs are managed by separate entities. Our algorithms allow these entities to make individual decisions but coordinate through privacy-preserving information exchanges to jointly solve an approximate version of the joint battery swapping scheduling and OPF problem. We evaluate our algorithms through simulations.
The economic impact of increased length of stay associated with surgical site infections in liver transplantation on Canadian healthcare costs (2020)

There was a trend for higher healthcare facility costs for recipients with SSIs. Red cell transfusions and greater dialysis use before transplant were factors associated with the cost. Implementation of cost reduction strategies targeting high-cost recipients is necessary.
Genetic Alteration ofMycobacterium smegmatisTo Improve Mycobacterium-Mediated Transfer of Plasmid DNA into Mammalian Cells and DNA Immunization (2007)

Mycobacteria target and persist within phagocytic monocytes and are strong adjuvants, making them attractive candidate vectors for DNA vaccines. We characterized the ability of mycobacteria to deliver transgenes to mammalian cells and the effects of various bacterial chromosomal mutations on the efficiency of transfer in vivo and in vitro. First, we observed green fluorescent protein expression via microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis after infection of phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell lines by Mycobacterium smegmatis or M. bovis BCG harboring a plasmid encoding the fluorescence gene under the control of a eukaryotic promoter. Next, we compared the efficiencies of gene transfer using M. smegmatis or BCG containing chromosomal insertions or deletions that cause early lysis, hyperconjugation, or an increased plasmid copy number. We observed a significant-albeit only 1.7-fold-increase in the level of plasmid transfer to eukaryotic cells infected with M. smegmatis hyperconjugation mutants. M. smegmatis strains that overexpressed replication proteins (Rep) of pAL5000, a plasmid whose replicon is incorporated in many mycobacterial constructs, generated a 10-fold increase in plasmid copy number and 3.5-fold and 3-fold increases in gene transfer efficiency to HeLa cells and J774 cells, respectively. Although BCG strains overexpressing Rep could not be recovered, BCG harboring a plasmid with a copy-up mutation in oriM resulted in a threefold increase in gene transfer to J774 cells. Moreover, M. smegmatis strains overexpressing Rep enhanced gene transfer in vivo compared with a wild-type control. Immunization of mice with mycobacteria harboring a plasmid (pgp120(h)(E)) encoding human immunodeficiency virus gp120 elicited gp120-specific CD8 T-cell responses among splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were up to twofold (P < 0.05) and threefold (P < 0.001) higher, respectively, in strains supporting higher copy numbers. The magnitude of these responses was approximately one-half of that observed after intramuscular immunization with pgp120(h)(E). M. smegmatis and other nonpathogenic mycobacteria are promising candidate vectors for DNA vaccine delivery.
2.3.4.501 - Synthesis and Analysis of Performance-Advantaged Bioproducts (2022)

Performance-advantaged bioproducts (PABPs) are "novel products where the bio-based product does not resemble an existing petroleum-derived molecule but offers a performance advantage over existing products" (Fitzgerald, Bailey 2018). PABPs are an exciting area with near-term potential to accelerate the bioeconomy. We focus on synthesis, characterization, and economic and sustainability analyses for PABPs, aiming to leverage the inherent chemical functionality of molecules from carbohydrates and lignin via chemical and biological transformations. We collaborate with other BETO projects to source new molecules. Our work is integrated with the Inverse Design project, which provides computational predictions for PABPs and first principles-based results to explain observed properties. Primary outcomes include 1) a Nature Reviews Materials paper that establishes PABP design principles, 2) PA nylons from beta-ketoadipic acid, 3) new recyclable thermosets from bio-aromatic amines, 4) new PA plasticizers that are less toxic, and 5) the experimental validation of a machine learning tool, PolyML, from the Inverse Design project. Going forward, we are working towards an integrated framework to dramatically narrow PABP design space and a materials flow analysis of commodity chemicals as a benchmark for PABPs. Our main challenges are in the sourcing of new molecules that are not commercially available and the need for comprehensive characterizations and scale-up for technology transfer.
Smooth Muscle Myosin Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Pulmonary Hypertension (2012)

Inhibition of smooth muscle myosin may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
TenB2 as a therapeutic antibody drug target for the treatment of prostate cancer. (2007)

A66 The ability to identify optimal target antigens has been greatly improved with the gene expression tools and data available today. Our gene expression data shows that TenB2 (TMEFF2) is highly expressed in prostate cancer, with minimal expression in normal tissue. We evaluated humanized anti-TenB2 monoclonal antibody drug conjugate (ADC), or Thio-Mab anti -TenB2 ADC, which contains 2 sites specifically engineered for drug attachment, in vitro and in vivo with multi-animal tumor models derived from cell lines and human tumor explants. Good efficacy was observed in all models tested, with the exception of one explant expressing relatively low and focal TenB2 by IHC. We also analyzed the tumor samples for TenB2 expression levels using Taqman and Western blotting. We found a correlation between efficacy and expression level of TenB2. Pilot toxicology studies with anti-TenB2 ADCs in rats and cynomolgus monkeys revealed no target-dependent effects; Target-independent toxicities were observed at doses that exceeded the efficacious doses in animal tumor models. Conclusion: TenB2 is an attractive prostate cancer target for the administration of anti-TenB2 ADC in human cancer.