gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced yaw control of four-wheeled vehicles via rear active differential braking (2009)

In this paper, the problem of active lateral dynamics control of four-wheeled vehicles during braking is addressed. In certain specific conditions, a vehicle may deviate from straight line trajectory even if the steering wheel is kept still and straight. By applying a differential brake pressure, it is possible to generate a yawing moment to recover the desired trajectory. An analytical model of the vehicle dynamics of interest is derived and validated against experimental data; the model dynamic analysis shows that its behavior is strongly affected by longitudinal velocity and deceleration. Hence, this dependence is taken explicitly into account by devising an LPV controller. The performance of the proposed controller is finally assessed both via simulation and on a test vehicle.
Irradiation of on-chip chalcogenide glass waveguide mid-infrared gas sensor (2016)

We measure the effect of radiation damage on an on-chip mid-infrared methane gas sensor made using a spiral chalcogenide glass waveguide. The sensor is fabricated using UV lithography and a lift-off process after deposition of chalcogenide glass using a thermal evaporator. We measure the transmittance change of the sensor at varying concentrations of methane after varying doses of irradiation.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Zn(O,S) Alloys Using Diethylzinc with H2O and H2S: Effect of Exchange Reactions (2017)

Zn(O,S) thin films have a tunable band gap and are useful as conduction and valence band buffers in various types of solar cells. Previous growth of Zn(O,S) thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) has utilized alternating cycles of ZnO ALD and ZnS ALD. Controlling the composition of the Zn(O,S) alloys using alternating cycles is complicated because of an efficient exchange reaction between ZnO and gaseous H2S given by ZnOH* + H2S → ZnSH* + H2O. This facile exchange reaction leads to a higher than expected sulfur content in the Zn(O,S) films. In this study, the effect of this exchange reaction on the composition of Zn(O,S) films was examined by varying the reaction conditions. For growth using alternating cycles, the Zn(O,S) film composition was strongly affected by the temperature and the size of the H2S exposure. An alternative method that avoids alternating cycles of ZnO ALD and ZnS ALD was also employed to grow Zn(O,S) thin films. This alternative method uses codosing of H2O and H2S at 100 °C. Codosing allows the composition of the Zn(O,S) film to be controlled by the mole fraction of the dosing mixture. The relative magnitudes of the exchange reaction rate (k1) for ZnOH* + H2S → ZnSH* + H2O and the competing exchange reaction rate (k2) for ZnSH* + H2O → ZnOH* + H2S could be estimated using this method. Through the study of the composition of the Zn(O,S) films for different H2O and H2S partial pressures during codosing, the ratio of the exchange reaction rates, k1/k2, was determined to be 71–231. Band gaps were measured for the Zn(O,S) thin films grown using the alternating cycle method and the codosing method. The band gaps could be produced with the most control by varying the mole fraction of H2S in the H2S/H2O codosing mixture.
PP-034 Subcutaneous trastuzumab versus intravenous trastuzumab: an impact study (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat HER2 positive breast cancers. Initially, only intravenous trastuzumab (IT) was available until the EMA authorised subcutaneous trastuzumab (ST) in 2013. The posology of IT depends on the patient’s weight whereas the posology of ST is fixed (600 mg). <h3>Purpose</h3> Comparison of times (preparation, nurse and medical) and costs. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Preparation time in isolators and administration time were measured for 4 weeks. Times were converted to costs with the average salary scale of the hospital. Then, the costs of medical devices used were compared. The results were extrapolated to 1 year. <h3>Results</h3> By switching IT to ST, the average preparation time was reduced by 76.2% (500 s (SD 166.0) vs 119.2 s (SD 29.2)) for the loading dose and by 69.3% (387.6 s (SD 109.7) vs 119.2 s (SD 29.2)) for the maintenance dose. This reduction could be explained by the galenic formulation (powder to ready to use solution) and the higher concentration of ST (use of a single vial vs minimum of 3 for IT). In 2015, our hospital prepared 983 ST and 743 IT: an estimated economy of 73.3 hours, or €2420.34. The average nurse time was also reduced: 55.4% (15.7 min (SD 13.1) vs 7 min (SD 1.2)). This could lead to an economy of 137.20 hours or €5327.40 in 2015. The medical time was similar with both forms. The costs of medical devices were reduced from €655 to €240. This could lead to a saving of €4079.45 in 2015. Moreover, the fixed dose of ST and its physicochemical stability enables administration of a non-used treatment to any patient. This has represented an economy of €20669.42 in 2015 (almost 15 administrations of ST). Overall, the use of ST could lead to an economy of €32 496.61 in 2015. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The use of ST seems to lead to a saving of time and costs. The most interesting savings concern handling and infusion devices and the possibility of reusing non-administered drugs. However, the pharmaceutical staff have to manage the risk of confusion between these two drugs. No conflict of interest
Evaluation of integrity and barrier performance of atomic layer deposited WNxCy films on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiO2 for Cu metallization (2006)

The nucleation and growth of WNxCy films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiO2 is characterized as a function of the number of ALD cycles using transmission electron microscopy analysis. The island growth of isolated WNxCy nanocrystals is directly observed at the early stages of film growth. The nucleation of the WNxCy film can be significantly enhanced by NH3 plasma treatment before the deposition of WNxCy. The capacitance-voltage measurements conducted after bias-temperature stressing reveals that an ALD-WNxCy film deposited with a thickness of approximately 5.2nm on the NH3 plasma-treated PECVD SiO2 shows good diffusion barrier performance against Cu migration.
Synthetic Nanoparticles That Promote Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 Expressing Regulatory T Cells in the Lung and Resistance to Allergic Airways Inflammation (2017)

Synthetic glycine coated 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (NP) (PS50G), unlike ambient NP, do not promote pulmonary inflammation, but instead, render lungs resistant to the development of allergic airway inflammation. In this study, we show that PS50G modulate the frequency and phenotype of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the lung, specifically increasing the proportion of tumor necrosis factor 2 (TNFR2) expressing Treg. Mice pre-exposed to PS50G, which were sensitized and then challenged with an allergen a month later, preferentially expanded TNFR2<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg, which further expressed enhanced levels of latency associated peptide and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated molecule-4. Moreover, PS50G-induced CD103<sup>+</sup> dendritic cell activation in the lung was associated with the proliferative expansion of TNFR2<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg. These findings provide the first evidence that engineered NP can promote the selective expansion of maximally suppressing TNFR2<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg and further suggest a novel mechanism by which NP may promote healthy lung homeostasis.
Isolation techniques for 256 Mbit SOI DRAM application (2002)

Various isolation techniques on SOI wafer were examined for the 256 Mbit DRAM application. The LOCOS technique results in good isolation down to 0.6 /spl mu/m pitch, in terms of encroachment and subthreshold characteristics. The encroachment of SOI wafers is slightly better than that of bulk wafers on the thick SOI wafers and expect to be even better on the thin SOI wafers. It is the most efficient way to adopt LOCOS isolation for the 256 Mbit SOI DRAM because of many years of process development experience in the bulk technology. In addition, the LOCOS isolation provides no edge leakage to the devices on SOI wafers. However, the LOCOS isolation technique may be limited as the DRAM cell pitch continue to scale down. The MESA isolation provides encroachment free for all ranges of SOI thickness. However, the MESA isolation morphology varies with the size of the isolation region. This could introduce edge leakage in devices with wide isolation region. The morphology variation can be solved with Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) technology and it is expected not to be an issue in the near future. The edge leakage can be suppressed by angled channel stop implant and with mesa corner rounding treatment. As the DRAM cell pitch continue to scale down, the MESA isolation technique may be the only candidate for the 1 Gbit and beyond SOI DRAM.
Multi-nucleation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (2022)

Floating-catalyst CVD (FCCVD) is a highly promising technique for the scalable synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The number concentration (NC) of catalyst particles is one of the process parameters which mainly influences yield of as-produced SWCNTs. In the conventional FCCVD methods, catalyst particles are usually synthesized by thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds inside the FCCVD reactor. Being in-situ catalyst formation in conventional FCCVD, it is an open question that how many SWCNTs a single catalyst particle can grow? Herein, we employed our novel spark discharged based FCCVD technique which decouples the formation of catalyst particles and SWCNTs synthesis into two subsequent process to investigate effects of catalyst NC on SWCNTs synthesis. The NC of both catalyst particles and SWCNTs in gas-phase were quantitatively compared using differential mobility analyzer (DMA). The DMA measurements corroborated with atomic force microscopy and X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that under carefully chosen reaction conditions in FCCVD, a single catalyst particle can grow more than one SWCNTs. We propose that after the growth of 1st SWCNT, the catalyst particle detach itself to start nucleating 2nd SWCNT and this process continues as long as the catalyst remains in the growth region of the FCCVD reactor.
Data from Selective Inhibition of the Second Bromodomain of BET Family Proteins Results in Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Dual bromodomain BET inhibitors that bind with similar affinities to the first and second bromodomains across BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT have displayed modest activity as monotherapy in clinical trials. Thrombocytopenia, closely followed by symptoms characteristic of gastrointestinal toxicity, have presented as dose-limiting adverse events that may have prevented escalation to higher dose levels required for more robust efficacy. ABBV-744 is a highly selective inhibitor for the second bromodomain of the four BET family proteins. In contrast to the broad antiproliferative activities observed with dual bromodomain BET inhibitors, ABBV-744 displayed significant antiproliferative activities largely although not exclusively in cancer cell lines derived from acute myeloid leukemia and androgen receptor positive prostate cancer. Studies in acute myeloid leukemia xenograft models demonstrated antitumor efficacy for ABBV-744 that was comparable with the pan-BET inhibitor ABBV-075 but with an improved therapeutic index. Enhanced antitumor efficacy was also observed with the combination of ABBV-744 and the BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax compared with monotherapies of either agent alone. These results collectively support the clinical evaluation of ABBV-744 in AML (Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03360006).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Experimental Demonstration of an Anisotropic Exceptional Point (2018)

Exceptional points (EPs) associated with a square-root singularity have been found in many non-Hermitian systems. In most of the studies, the EPs found are isotropic, meaning that the same singular behavior is obtained independent of the direction from which they are approached in the parameter space. In this Letter, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the existence of an anisotropic EP in an acoustic system that shows different singular behaviors when the anisotropic EP is approached from different directions in the parameter space. Such an anisotropic EP arises from the coalescence of two square-root EPs having the same chirality.
Conflict-free access to multiple single-ported register files (2002)

Presents a novel static algorithm for mapping values to multiple register files. The algorithm is based on the edge-coloring of a bipartite graph. It at lows the migration of values among the register files to keep the number of RAMs as small as possible. By comparison with the register file design used in the Cydra 5 mini-supercomputer, our approach substantially reduces the number of RAMs. This reduction actually grows with the issue rate. For a system with an issue rate of 6 instructions per cycle, the cost (gate count) of the register files are already cut by half. On a numerical workload like the Livermore Loops, both designs achieve roughly the same performance.
Destruction of tumor mass by gadolinium-loaded nanoparticles irradiated with monochromatic X-rays: Implications for the Auger therapy (2019)

Synchrotron generated monochromatic X-rays can be precisely tuned to the K-shell energy of high Z materials resulting in the release of the Auger electrons. In this work, we have employed this mechanism to destruct tumor spheroids. We first loaded gadolinium onto the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) producing gadolinium-loaded MSN (Gd-MSN). When Gd-MSN was added to the tumor spheroids, we observed efficient uptake and uniform distribution of Gd-MSN. Gd-MSN also can be taken up into cancer cells and localize to a site just outside of the cell nucleus. Exposure of the Gd-MSN containing tumor spheroids to monochromatic X-ray beams resulted in almost complete destruction. Importantly, this effect was observed at an energy level of 50.25 keV, but not with 50.0 keV. These results suggest that it is possible to use precisely tuned monochromatic X-rays to destruct tumor mass loaded with high Z materials, while sparing other cells. Our experiments point to the importance of nanoparticles to facilitate loading of gadolinium to tumor spheroids and to localize at a site close to the nucleus. Because the nanoparticles can target to tumor, our study opens up the possibility of developing a new type of radiation therapy for cancer.
Enzymatic Mechanism of Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease against a THF AP Site Model Substrate (2008)

The endonucleolytic activity of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (AP endo) is a major factor in the maintenance of the integrity of the human genome. There are estimates that this enzyme is responsible for eliminating as many as 10(5) potentially mutagenic and genotoxic lesions from the genome of each cell every day. Furthermore, inhibition of AP endonuclease may be effective in decreasing the dose requirements of chemotherapeutics used in the treatment of cancer as well as other diseases. Therefore, it is essential to accurately and directly characterize the enzymatic mechanism of AP endo. Here we describe specifically designed double-stranded DNA oligomers containing tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a 5'-phosphorothioate linkage as the abasic site substrate. Using H(2)(18)O during the cleavage reaction and leveraging the stereochemical preferences of AP endo and T4 DNA ligase for phosphorothioate substrates, we show that AP endo acts by a one-step associative phosphoryl transfer mechanism on a THF-containing substrate.
Two-year review of the electronic Patient Reported Outcome (ePRO) system in the Prostate Clinic at the Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC). (2019)

107 Background: The Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC) implemented an electronic patient reported outcomes (ePRO) system in April 2017 to collect data on a research protocol in collaboration with University Health Network of Toronto, funded by Prostate Cancer Canada. Responses to ePRO questionnaires collected on iPads were entered into the national PC360 registry initially and a global TrueNorth registry thereafter funded by Movember Foundation. Herein we describe our experience implementing the ePRO system over the last two years. Methods: All patients (pts) with a new diagnosis of localized prostate cancer, either before or just after therapy, were identified using the electronic medical record and were consented in person in clinic. After signing consent, pts were asked to complete ePROs, including EPIC-26, EQ-5D-5L, WHODAS 2.0, and Distress Thermometer, on iPads at designated clinic appointment. Results: Between April 3, 2017-March 31, 2019, 1027 pts were identified as being eligible to complete ePRO: 878 pts (85.5%) consented and completed ePRO at least once. In Year 1 (Apr 2017-Mar 2018), 76.7% of the 1075 planned ePRO questionnaires were completed vs 75% completed of 1258 planned in year 2. Most pts (82.3%,723/878) agreed to be contacted for future research. Of those, 424/723 were recruited to at least one additional registry study. Data for consented pts was missing for 155/878 (17.7%) each year, usually due to difficulty locating the pt to give him the iPad before he left the clinic. In a small percentage of cases, ePRO reports were incomplete due to fluctuating WiFi connectivity, inadequate time to complete the questions before the clinic appointment, refusal, or no show. Conclusions: ePROs for research were successfully implemented into clinical practice in the PCSC program as evidenced by high completion and low refusal rates but required significant manpower due to ethics board requirements. Challenges encountered included: training clinic staff and coordinators to direct pts to the iPad system to minimize missing ePRO assessments, technical difficulties with WiFi connectivity, requirement of ethics board mandating that staff interact with each pt individually to ensure the ePRO assessments are completed. The next step is to incorporate ePROs into clinical practice, in which case consent will not be required.
0.13/spl mu/m low voltage logic based RF CMOS technology with 115GHz f/sub T/ and 80GHz f/sub MAX/ (2003)

Superior RF CMOS of 115 f/sub T/ and 80GHz f/sub MAX/ has been realized by 0.13/spl mu/m low voltage logic based RF CMOS technology by aggressive device scaling and optimized layout. NF/sub min/ of 2.2 dB at 10GHz is achieved even without deep N-well and ground-shielded signal pad. P/sub 1dB/ of near 10dBm can fit Bluetooth requirement and 55% PAE at 2.4GHz address the good potential of sub-100nm CMOS for low voltage RF power applications.
Scalable end-to-end encryption technology for supra-gigabit/second networking (1997)

End-to-end encryption can protect proprietary information as it passes through a complex inter-city computer network, even if the intermediate systems are untrusted. This technique involves encrypting the body of computer messages while leaving network addressing and control information unencrypted for processing by intermediate network nodes. Because high speed implementations of end-to-end encryption with easy key management for standard network protocols are unavailable, this technique is not widely used today. Specifically, no end-to-end encryptors exist to protect Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) traffic, nor to protect Switched Multi-megabit Data Service (SMDS), which is the first ``Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network`` (BISDN) service now being used by long distance telephone companies. This encryption technology is required for the protection of data in transit between industrial sites and central Massively Parallel Supercomputing Centers over high bandwidth, variable bit rate (BISDN) services. This research effort investigated techniques to scale end-to-end encryption technology from today`s state of the art ({approximately} 0.001 Gb/s) to 2.4 Gb/s and higher. A cryptosystem design has been developed which scales for implementation beyond SONET OC-48 (2.4Gb/s) data rates. A prototype for use with OC-3 (0.155 Gb/s) ATM variable bit rate services was developed.
Novel GaN trench MIS barrier Schottky rectifiers with implanted field rings (2016)

We demonstrate a novel GaN vertical Schottky rectifier with trench MIS structures and trench field rings. The new structure greatly enhanced the reverse blocking characteristics while maintaining a Schottky-like good forward conduction. The reverse leakage current improved beyond 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> -fold and the breakdown voltage increased from 400 V to 700 V, while the low turn-on voltage (0.8 V) and on-resistance (2 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) were retained. High-temperature operation up to 250°C and fast switching performance were also demonstrated. This new device shows great potential for high-power and high-frequency applications.
Robust Stability Analysis of Synchronverters Operating in Parallel (2019)

Recent studies have shown how synchronization units of converters operating nearby may interact with each other, affecting the stability of the system. Synchronverters are able to self-synchronize to the grid without the need of a dedicated unit because they can reproduce the power synchronization mechanism of synchronous machines. Recently, the robust stability of a synchronverter has been investigated by means of structured singular values (commonly called μ-analysis). In this paper, μanalysis is performed to investigate how the robust stability of a synchronverter is affected by the presence of another converter of the same type operating in parallel. It is demonstrated that the parallel operation of synchronverters reduces their robust stability and a possible solution is proposed, based on the implementation of virtual impedances in the control algorithm. An accurate state-space model of the system under study is developed by adopting the component connection method and the robust stability analysis is validated against time-domain simulations in MATLAB/Simulink/PLECS and experimental results with a power-hardware-in-the-loop test bench.
Supplementary Figure 3 from SIRT1 Pathway Dysregulation in the Smoke-Exposed Airway Epithelium and Lung Tumor Tissue (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 101K, The effect of modulating the number of genes in the pathway signatures on pathway activation predictions in each control dataset. The number of genes in each signature is along the x-axis and the different control datasets from Supplemental Figure 2 are shown along the y-axis. A. ATM Pathway, GSE20549. B. GPX1 pathway, GSE23895. C. IKBKB pathway, GSE18047. D. SIRT1 pathway, GSE9008. E. SIRT1 pathway, GSE13309. F. SIRT1 pathway, GSE13459.&lt;/p&gt;