gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccination With a Recombinant Protein Encoding the Tumor-specific Antigen NY-ESO-1 Elicits an A2/157-165-specific CTL Repertoire Structurally Distinct and of Reduced Tumor Reactivity Than That Elicited by Spontaneous Immune Responses to NY-ESO-1-expressing Tumors (2009)

In a recent vaccination trial assessing the immunogenicity of an NY-ESO-1 (ESO) recombinant protein administered with Montanide and CpG, we have obtained evidence that this vaccine induces specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in half of the patients. Most vaccine-induced CTLs were directed against epitopes located in the central part of the protein, between amino acids 81 and 110. This immunodominant region, however, is distinct from another ESO CTL region, 157-165, that is a frequent target of spontaneous CTL responses in A2+ patients bearing ESO tumors. In this study, we have investigated the CTL responses to ESO 157-165 in A2+ patients vaccinated with the recombinant protein. Our data indicate that after vaccination with the protein, CTL responses to ESO 157-165 are induced in some, but not all, A2+ patients. ESO 157-165-specific CTLs induced by vaccination with the ESO protein were functionally heterogeneous in terms of tumor recognition and often displayed decreased tumor reactivity as compared with ESO 157-165-specific CTLs isolated from patients with spontaneous immune responses to ESO. Remarkably, protein-induced CTLs used T-cell receptors similar to those previously isolated from patients vaccinated with synthetic ESO peptides (Vbeta4.1) and distinct from those used by highly tumor-reactive CTLs isolated from patients with spontaneous immune responses (Vbeta1.1, Vbeta8.1, and Vbeta13.1). Together, these results demonstrate that vaccination with the ESO protein elicits a repertoire of ESO 157-165-specific CTLs bearing T-cell receptors that are structurally distinct from those of CTLs found in spontaneous immune responses to the antigen and that are heterogeneous in terms of tumor reactivity, being often poorly tumor reactive.
Simultaneous in vivo dynamic magnetic resonance-diffuse optical tomography for small animal imaging (2008)

We present simultaneous measurement of enhancement kinetics of an optical and a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent in a small animal breast tumor model (R3230 ac) using a combined MR-diffuse optical tomographic (MR-DOT) imaging system. A mixture of a small molecular-weight MR contrast agent gadolinium-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and a large molecular-weight optical contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG) was administered intravenously for multimodal dynamic imaging. Coregistration of optical and MR images was accomplished using agar-water-based markers. Using T(2) and dynamic T(1) weighted MR images, we divided the entire tumor into two regions of interest (ROI): a viable and a nonviable region. The absorption enhancements in the ROIs were calculated. An enhancement of the ICG was observed in the viable region. On the contrary, there was a lower enhancement in the nonviable region.
Minimum electrode spacing for mapping ventricular fibrillation using spatial sampling theory (2003)

Electrode arrays are commonly used to study spatial patterns during ventricular fibrillation (VF) where the choice of spacing between electrodes is an important decision. The Nyquist criterion states that an electrode spacing smaller than half the smallest significant wavelength is required to avoid spatial aliasing. The authors select a minimum interelectrode spacing on the basis of band-limited wavenumber power spectra of high-resolution VF data. Data were simultaneously recorded from a square 11*11 array of unipolar electrodes spaced 0.28 mm part. 140 Wavenumber spectra were calculated using the zero delay wavenumber spectrum method. Insignificant power was associated with almost all wavelengths shorter than 2.8 mm, suggesting that, for unipolar electrodes, spacing of 1 mm is adequate to study early VF.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BottleNet: Hiding Network Bottlenecks Using SDN-Based Topology Deception (2021)

The robustness of a network’s connectivity to other networks is often highly dependent on a few critical nodes and links that tie the network to the larger topology. The failure or degradation to such network bottlenecks can result in outages that may propagate throughout the network. Unfortunately, the presence of the bottlenecks also offers opportunities for targeted <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">link flooding attacks (LFAs)</i> . Researchers have proposed a new and promising defense to counter LFAs, referred to as <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">topology deception</i> . This strategy centers on hindering the discovery of bottlenecks by presenting false trace responses to adversaries as they perform topological probing of the target network. Even though the goal of topology deception centers on obscuring critical links, node dependencies can be exploited by an adversary. However, current approaches do not consider a wide range of metrics that may reveal important and diverse aspects of network bottlenecks. Furthermore, existing approaches create a simple form of virtual topology, which is subject to relatively easy detection by the adversary, reducing its effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive topology deception framework, which we refer to as BottleNet. Our suggested approach can analyze various network topology features both with respect to static and dynamic metrics and then use this information to identify bottlenecks, finally producing complex virtual topologies that are resilient to adversarial detection.
Structure–activity correlation in transfection promoted by pyridinium cationic lipids (2016)

The efficiency of the transfection of a plasmid DNA encoding a galactosidase promoted by a series of pyridinium lipids in mixtures with other cationic lipids and neutral lipids was assessed in CHO-K1 cells. We identify key molecular parameters of the lipids in the mixture - clog P, lipid length, partial molar volume - to predict the morphology of the lipid-DNA lipoplex and then correlate these same parameters with transfection efficiency in an in vitro assay. We define a Transfection Index that provides a linear correlation with normalized transfection efficiency over a series of 90 different lipoplex compositions. We also explore the influence of the same set of molecular parameters on the cytotoxicity of the formulations.
BAAV Mediated GJB2 Gene Transfer Restores Gap Junction Coupling in Cochlear Organotypic Cultures from Deaf Cx26Sox10Cre Mice (2011)

The deafness locus DFNB1 contains GJB2, the gene encoding connexin26 and GJB6, encoding connexin30, which appear to be coordinately regulated in the inner ear. In this work, we investigated the expression and function of connexin26 and connexin30 from postnatal day 5 to adult age in double transgenic Cx26(Sox10Cre) mice, which we obtained by crossing connexin26 floxed mice with a deleter Sox10-Cre line. Cx26(Sox10Cre) mice presented with complete connexin26 ablation in the epithelial gap junction network of the cochlea, whereas connexin30 expression was developmentally delayed; immunolabeling patterns for both connexins were normal in the cochlear lateral wall. In vivo electrophysiological measurements in Cx26(Sox10Cre) mice revealed profound hearing loss accompanied by reduction of endocochlear potential, and functional experiments performed in postnatal cochlear organotypic cultures showed impaired gap junction coupling. Transduction of these cultures with a bovine adeno associated virus vector restored connexin26 protein expression and rescued gap junction coupling. These results suggest that restoration of normal connexin levels by gene delivery via recombinant adeno associated virus could be a way to rescue hearing function in DFNB1 mouse models and, in future, lead to the development of therapeutic interventions in humans.
Patch PlaNet: Landmark Recognition with Patch Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

In this work we address the problem of landmark recognition. We extend PlaNet, a model based on deep neural networks that approaches the problem of landmark recognition as a classification problem and performs the recognition of places around the world. We propose an extension of the PlaNet technique in which we use a voting scheme to perform the classification, dividing the image into previously defined regions and inferring the landmark based on these regions. The prediction of the model depends not only on the information of the features learned by the deep convolutional neural network architecture during training, but also uses local information from each region in the image for which the classification is made. To validate our proposal, we performed the training of the original PlaNet model and our variation using a database built with images from Flickr, and evaluated the models in the Paris and Oxford Buildings datasets. It was possible to notice that the addition of image division and voting structure improves the accuracy result of the model by 5-11 percentage points on average, reducing the level of ambiguity found during the inference of the model.
Contact Chains for FinFET Technology Characterization (2015)

Electrical characterization remains a key element in technology development and manufacturing of integrated circuits. Contact chain is a well known part of the diagnostic set of test structures used across many generations of silicon processes. Implementation of such test structures becomes challenging in new technologies with 3-D devices, like FinFET. Contacts to active regions of such devices are inherently dependent on the architecture of epitaxial raised source and drain and for proper characterization require the presence of transistor gates, which set the environment for contacts. This paper describes a new type of test structure, so-called gated contact chains, developed for contact process characterization in FinFET technologies. Instead of simple chain of contacts, each structure contains a series of active devices with common gate electrode used to turn on the chain of transistors to enable measurement of chain resistance. To discriminate between chain failures caused by an open contact or by other mechanisms (e.g., bad transistor with very high threshold voltage) a series of measurement under various test conditions was performed and analysed. In order to overcome a limitation of the contact chain size and enable data collection from larger sample of contacts, we proposed to implement the gated chains in addressable arrays, increasing their density and failure rate observability. Finally, the paper presents the examples of electrical failure modes detected by those chains in FinFET process.
Empirical Study of the Topology and Geometry of Deep Networks (2018)

The goal of this paper is to analyze the geometric properties of deep neural network image classifiers in the input space. We specifically study the topology of classification regions created by deep networks, as well as their associated decision boundary. Through a systematic empirical study, we show that state-of-the-art deep nets learn connected classification regions, and that the decision boundary in the vicinity of datapoints is flat along most directions. We further draw an essential connection between two seemingly unrelated properties of deep networks: their sensitivity to additive perturbations of the inputs, and the curvature of their decision boundary. The directions where the decision boundary is curved in fact characterize the directions to which the classifier is the most vulnerable. We finally leverage a fundamental asymmetry in the curvature of the decision boundary of deep nets, and propose a method to discriminate between original images, and images perturbed with small adversarial examples. We show the effectiveness of this purely geometric approach for detecting small adversarial perturbations in images, and for recovering the labels of perturbed images.
Hexagonal germanium grown by molecular beam epitaxy on self-assisted GaAs nanowires (2021)

Hexagonal group IV materials like silicon and germanium are expected to display remarkable optoelectronic properties for future development of photonic technologies. However, the fabrication of hexagonal group IV semiconductors within the vapour-liquid-solid method has been obtained using gold as a catalyst thus far. In this letter, we show the synthesis of hexagonal Ge on self-assisted GaAs nanowires using molecular beam epitaxy. With an accurate tuning of the Ga and As molecular beam flux we selected the crystal phase, cubic or hexagonal, of the GaAs NWs during the growth. A 500 nm-long hexagonal segment of Ge with high structural quality and without any visible defects is obtained, and we show that germanium keeps the crystal phase of the core using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Finally X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy reveals a strong incorporation of As in the Ge. This study demonstrates the first growth of hexagonal Ge in the Au-free approach, integrated on silicon substrate.
Learning Natural Programs from a Few Examples in Real-Time (2019)

Programming by examples (PBE) is a rapidly growing subfield of AI, that aims to synthesize user-intended programs using input-output examples from the task. As users can provide only a few I/O examples, capturing user-intent accurately and ranking user-intended programs over other programs is challenging even in the simplest of the domains. Commercially deployed PBE systems often require years of engineering effort and domain expertise to devise ranking heuristics for real-time synthesis of accurate programs. But such heuristics may not cater to new domains, or even to a different segment of users from the same domain. In this work, we develop a novel, real-time, ML-based program ranking algorithm that enables synthesis of natural, user-intended, personalized programs. We make two key technical contributions: 1) a new technique to embed programs in a vector space making them amenable to ML-formulations, 2) a novel formulation that interleaves program search with ranking, enabling real-time synthesis of accurate user-intended programs. We implement our solution in the state-of-the-art PROSE framework. The proposed approach learns the intended program with just {\em one} I/O example in a variety of real-world string/date/number manipulation tasks, and outperforms state-of-the-art neural synthesis methods along multiple metrics.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoalkyl Adenylate and Aminoacyl Sulfamate Intermediate Analogues Differing Greatly in Affinity for Their Cognate Staphylococcus aureus Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Photogenerated Silicon Plasma Waveguide Switch and Variable Attenuator for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2021)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and measurement of a millimeter-wave solid-state ?pi-match waveguide switch using bulk silicon micromachining. A photogenerated plasma within a silicon post is utilized as the switching element within the waveguide channel. Not only does this isolate the switch bias network from the RF signal path, but allows for tuning of the OFF-state isolation with increasing optical power for application as a variable attenuator. A measured OFF-state isolation greater than 25 dB up to 40 GHz is reported, with a measured extracted ON-state insertion loss of 0.52 dB at 35 GHz, and less than 0.88 dB across the entire band from 30-40 GHz. The proposed switch illustrates the significant potential for photogenerated silicon plasma switching of high-performance bulk micromachined millimeter-wave waveguides.
Chip Stackable, Ultra-thin, High-Flexibility 3D FOWLP (3D SWIFT® Technology) for Hetero-Integrated Advanced 3D WL-SiP (2018)

Fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) is one of the latest technologies to meet the requirements of high performance and thin form-factor, especially for mobile application processors. To achieve a simple path way and thinner package form, many outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) suppliers and foundries provide FOWLP capabilities. Most solutions are limited to the bottom 2D package area with a package on package (PoP) stacking structure to communicate logic to memory or a peripheral chip beyond the 2D distribution area. This means that communication between heterogeneous chips has more power and signal loss by PoP interconnection to reach hetero-chip functions through bulk solder ball joints and printed circuit board (PCB) laminated routing with more coarse trace pattern than a fan-out (FO) redistribution layer (RDL pattern). To improve this situation, high performance heterogeneous integration has been simulated and successfully realized with the novel 3D Silicon Wafer Integrated Fan-out Technology (SWIFT®) prototype as chip stackable, ultra-thin, high flexibility FOWLP for the first ultimate 3D packaging. Also, this has been proven to be a highly flexible and cost-effective structure with a low-risk process flow, low package warpage, stable electrical performance, and good reliability performance. The form-factor of the 3D SWIFT design with various structure options is as much as 45% thinner than PoP technology.
Analysis of Spherical Harmonic Expansion for Glow Discharges Approximations (1995)

Abstruct- The use of spherical harmonic expansions to solve the Boltzmann equation for glow discharge systems is evaluated with finite element-based simulations of the time-dependent Boltzmann equation in three-phase dimensions (position, axial velocity, and radial speed). The anisotropy of the electron energy distribution function is investigated for two cases: the cathode fall of a direct current @C) glow discharge, and a collisionless electron beam. For each case, the first ten coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansion are evaluated. The relatively high values of higher order coefficients show that the electrons are anisotropic in the cathode fall, especially close to the boundaries, and it is concluded that for the given conditions, the commonly used two-term approximations are not valid.
Early Experience with a Novel Nonmetallic Cable in Reconstructive Hip Surgery (2010)

The nonmetallic periprosthetic cables used in this series provided adequate fixation to allow for both osteotomy and fracture healing. We did not observe any complications directly related to the cables. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Data Access Partitioning for Fine-grain Parallelism on Multicore Architectures (2007)

The recent design shift towards multicore processors has spawned a significant amount of research in the area of program parallelization. The future abundance of cores on a single chip requires programmer and compiler intervention to increase the amount of parallel work possible. Much of the recent work has fallen into the areas of coarse-grain parallelization: new programming models and different ways to exploit threads and data-level parallelism. This work focuses on a complementary direction, improving performance through automated fine-grain parallelization. The main difficulty in achieving a performance benefit from fine-grain parallelism is the distribution of data memory accesses across the data caches of each core. Poor choices in the placement of data accesses can lead to increased memory stalls and low resource utilization. We propose a profile-guided method for partitioning memory accesses across distributed data caches. First, a profile determines affinity relationships between memory accesses and working set characteristics of individual memory operations in the program. Next, a program-level partitioning of the memory operations is performed to divide the memory accesses across the data caches. As a result, the data accesses are proactively dispersed to reduce memory stalls and improve computation parallelization. A final detailed partitioning of the computation instructions is performed with knowledge of the cache location of their associated data. Overall, our data partitioning reduces stall cycles by up to 51 % versus data-incognizant partitioning, and has an overall speedup average of 30% over a single core processor.
Warped Language Models for Noise Robust Language Understanding (2020)

Masked Language Models (MLM) are self-supervised neural networks trained to fill in the blanks in a given sentence with masked tokens. Despite the tremendous success of MLMs for various text based tasks, they are not robust for spoken language understanding, especially for spontaneous conversational speech recognition noise. In this work we introduce Warped Language Models (WLM) in which input sentences at training time go through the same modifications as in MLM, plus two additional modifications, namely inserting and dropping random tokens. These two modifications extend and contract the sentence in addition to the modifications in MLMs, hence the word "warped" in the name. The insertion and drop modification of the input text during training of WLM resemble the types of noise due to Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) errors, and as a result WLMs are likely to be more robust to ASR noise. Through computational results we show that natural language understanding systems built on top of WLMs perform better compared to those built based on MLMs, especially in the presence of ASR errors.
Mononuclear cis-carbonyloxotungsten(IV) complexes of hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMononuclear cis-carbonyloxotungsten(IV) complexes of hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borateS. G. Feng, Li Luan, Peter White, M. S. Brookhart, Joseph L. Templeton, and Charles G. YoungCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 12, 2582–2584Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00012a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00012a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts