gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gamma Ray Measurements at OMEGA with the Newest Gas Cherenkov Detector “GCD-3” (2016)

Initial results from the newest Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD-3) are reported demonstrating improved performance over previous GCD iterations. Increased shielding and lengthening of the Cherenkov photon optical path have resulted in a diminished precursor signal with increased temporal separation between the precursor and the primary DT Cherenkov signal. Design changes resulted in a measured GCD-3 sensitivity comparable to GCD-1 at identical 100 psia CO<sub>2</sub> operation. All metal gasket seals and pressure vessel certification to 400 psia operation allow for a GCD-3 lower Cherenkov threshold of 1.8 MeV using the fluorinated gas C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub> as compared to the 6.3 MeV lower limit of GCD-1 and GCD-2. Calibration data will be used to benchmark GEANT4 and ACCEPT detector models. Lastly, the GCD-3 acts as a prototype for the Super GCD being fielded at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) as part of the National Diagnostics Plan and will be installed at NIF in early 2016.
Bioactive compounds produced by gut microbial tannase: implications for colorectal cancer development (2014)

The microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract have a profound influence on the transformation of food into metabolites which can impact human health. Gallic acid (GA) and pyrogallol (PG) are bioactive compounds displaying diverse biological properties, including carcinogenic inhibiting activities. However, its concentration in fruits and vegetables is generally low. These metabolites can be also generated as final products of tannin metabolism by microbes endowed with tannase, which opens up the possibility of their anti-cancer potential being increased. Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) display an imbalanced gut microbiota respect to healthy population. The recent use of next generation sequencing technologies has greatly improved knowledge of the identity of bacterial species that colonize non-tumorous and tumorous tissues of CRC patients. This information provides a unique opportunity to shed light on the role played by gut microorganisms in the different stages of this disease. We here review the recently published gut microbiome associated to CRC patients and highlight tannase as an underlying gene function of bacterial species that selectively colonize tumorous tissues, but not adjacent non-malignant tissues. Given the anti-carcinogenic roles of GA and PG produced by gut tannin-degrading bacteria, we provide an overview of the possible consequences of this intriguing coincidence for CRC development.
Information is Costly, but How Valuable is It? (2004)

Abstract This paper presents a method for economic resource allocation for additional data acquisition using the value of information concept. To apply it, the basic condition is that at decision time the available information does not describe conclusively the state of nature. Consequently, the new information might lead to a change in the decision to be made because it has the ability to modify positively the prior perception about the state of nature. The maximum value of the new information comes from how well this perception, in probabilistic terms, is modified from its original value towards the probability of conclusive or perfect information value. The new information value is calculated before acquiring it; using Bayesian theory, with decision tree methodology in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation applied to the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) algorithm. A sensitivity analysis on the Bayes' conditional probabilty term is performed, and the results are presented in graphic form as the information surface, its 2-D projection and the Information index plot. The model was built on spreadsheet based commercial software.
Influence of the alv 6 Recombinant Avian Leukosis Virus Transgene on Production Traits and Infection with Avian Tumor Viruses in Chickens (1995)

The biological costs of the alv6 recombinant transgene that in chickens induces dominant resistance to the subgroup A avian leukosis virus (ALV), in terms of effects on production traits, were studied. Four generations of White Leghorn chickens of Line TR, segregating for alv6 but free of endogenous viral genes, as well as two generations of crosses between TR and Ottawa Line WG (WGTR) were tested under a specific-pathogen-free environment. In the birds studied, the transgene appeared unchanged compared to the original alv6: No major changes in alv6 DNA were detected by restriction analysis, the transgene did not express the group-specific antigen of ALV, and its presence was associated with absence of immune response to ALV. In most test years, and both TR and WGTR genomic backgrounds, alv6 was associated with delayed sexual maturity by 4 to 6 d, reduced egg production to 497 d of age by 20 to 46 eggs, and a 3.6 to 15% decline in egg production rate. No consistent effects on other traits, including mortality, were detected. When inoculated with the AC-1 isolate of Marek's disease virus in a separate experiment, TR birds with alv6 had a significantly lower body weight gain to 10 d of age than their sibs without the transgene. Thus, transgenesis has biological costs that have to be assessed against desirable effects of transgenes.
Methylated tumor-specific DNA as a plasma biomarker in patients with glioma (2004)

1527 Background: While patients without malignancy have <100μg/ml free DNA in plasma (Chang, J NC I 2002), patients with malignancy demonstrate substantial quantities of tumor-specific DNA in their plasma. Measurements of this DNA are being studied to develop plasma markers to correlate with tumor burden. This approach has not been explored in gliomas. Methods: This study assesses the presence of plasma tumor-specific DNA in gliomas using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). With IRB approval, 30 ml venous blood was collected prior to craniotomy from 10 patients with presumed high grade glioma. After surgery, DNA was extracted and quantified from the tumor and plasma samples. The methylation status of p16, p73, RARβ, and MGMT gene promoters was assayed with MSP. The presence of tumor-specific DNA in the plasma was defined as identification of the same methylated promoter (MP) in both plasma and tumor. Results: Histology was: glioblastoma (N=6), anaplastic astrocytoma (2), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (1), grade II oligodendroglioma (1). Total DNA concentration in plasma was grossly elevated (mean 6503 μg/ml, SEM 1400μg/ml). Surgical specimens revealed methylation of at least one promoter in 9/10 (90%) of patients. Six pts had 1 MP, 2 had 2 MP, and 1 had 3 MP. The one patient with no identified MP had glioblastoma. Of the 9 patients with MP, 6 (67%) had methylation of at least one of the same promoters in the plasma DNA. Five of these had 1 MP identified in the plasma and 1 had 2 MP. Overall, glioma-specific methylated DNA was present in plasma of 6/10 (60%) patients to date. Tumors with no plasma MP were 2 glioblastoma, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma and 1 oligodendroglioma. No positive markers were found in the plasma that were not also found in the intracranial tumor. Conclusions: Gliomas shed large amounts of DNA into the blood. Using MSP, we found that tumor-specific DNA can be identified in plasma of high grade glioma patients. This is likely to be quite specific as promoter methylation is not found in normal tissue. Isolation of tumor-specific plasma DNA in these patients represents the first step to developing a quantitative glioma plasma biomarker that could be used to monitor tumor status. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
T2 measurement of the human myocardium using a T2‐prepared transient‐state trueFISP sequence (2007)

A fast and motion-insensitive technique suitable for myocardial BOLD contrast imaging is presented. The method, termed T2-TrueFISP, combines T2 magnetization preparation with steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging for T2 relaxation mapping of the myocardium in healthy volunteers. The T2 contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was optimized with the use of transient-state TrueFISP readout and half-Fourier readout with linear phase encoding. Single-slice myocardial T2-weighted image was obtained within one heartbeat, and a single slice T2 map of the myocardium was obtained in under 5-7 s. A respiratory navigator-gating method was incorporated for serial measurements and signal averaging, with the subjects breathing freely. The mean myocardial T2 relaxation time measured in 12 healthy volunteers was 54 +/- 5.7 ms. Regional variations of T2 values across the myocardium were 7%. Temporal variations across serial T2 measurements in a transmural region covering approximately 0.5 cc of the left ventricular (LV) wall were 3.6% without signal averaging (number of excitations (NEX) = 1) and 1.7% with signal averaging (NEX = 10). According to our preliminary results, the T2-TrueFISP method is expected to provide a robust and sensitive tool for clinical application of myocardial BOLD contrast imaging.
Image compression through optimized linear mapping and parametrically generated features (2008)

In this paper a new linear mapping scheme for image compression is proposed. The main objective is to construct an asymptotic approximation to higher order surface fitting schemes previously reported in [1]. Each block of the image is independently reconstructed from a set of "features" through a linear mapping. These features should be (ideally) independent or at least uncorrelated to benefit the info-max principle. A random sequence generator is employed, using a sine function with two parameters, to approach such a requirement for the features. These two parameters and the set of linear weights are found through an optimization process. An off-line training phase is first performed to find the weights used in the linear mapping. These weights are then used to compress images during the on-line phase where the sine function parameters are found and quantized. The computation time is excessive due to nonlinear optimization required. However, thanks to quantization, a look-up table can be implemented to overcome this disadvantage. The proposed structure is fairly robust to the random sequence length as experimentally demonstrated.
Efficient implementation of Java interfaces (2001)

Single superclass inheritance enables simple and efficient table-driven virtual method dispathc. However, virtual method table dispatch does not handle multiple inheritance and interfaces. This complication has led to a widespread misimpression that interface method dispatch is inherently inefficient. This paper argues that with proper implementation techniques, Java interfaces need not be a source of significant performance degradation.
Generation and control of hot spots on commensurate metallic gratings (2008)

We study the light localization on commensurate arrangements of deep metallic sub-wavelength grooves. We theoretically show that as the degree of commensuration tends to an irrational number new light localization states are produced. These have properties close to that reported for hot spots on disordered surfaces and are not permitted for simple period gratings. Existence of these new resonances is experimentally provided in the infra-red region by reflectivity measurements performed on two commensurate samples with respectively two and three slits per period. Manipulations of these hot spots which can be controlled from far-field could be used for high sensitivity spectroscopy applications.
Effects of Oral Supplementation with Iron (III) Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex on the Hematological Profile of Adolescents with Varying Iron Status (2011)

IPC supplementation improved the iron status of adolescents with and without iron deficiency and anemia. These data provide evidence that IPC is an easy-to-administer and well tolerated compound which can improve and normalize the iron status of iron deficient and anemic patients.
Spectroscopic studies of the jet-cooled copper trimer (1983)

Gas phase spectroscopic studies of copper trimer are reported. A band system in the 5430–5225 Å region has been assigned to Cu3 and has been studied by resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy, spectroscopy by depletion through predissociation, and by radiation repopulation of excited vibrational states in a cold supersonic molecular beam. The spectrum fits well to a 2E″←2E′ transition of a D3h molecule with both states undergoing Jahn–Teller distortions. In this interpretation, the excited state is well described by a weak Jahn–Teller effect, stabilizing the molecule at a configuration in which one Cu–Cu bond length differs from the others by 0.03 Å, with a Jahn–Teller stabilization energy of 9 cm−1. The ground electronic state corresponds to a deep Jahn–Teller situation with the lowest vibronic levels trapped in the distorted configuration. The spectra indicate the tunneling splitting of the lowest vibrational levels in the ground state is 12±7 cm−1. These assignments are based on measured vibrational band positions and may not be unique. Definitive determination of the copper trimer structure will require analysis of rotational fine structure which was unresolved with the laser sources available in this study.
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Conventional Versus driver-guided Strategy (2015)

While pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly effective, catheter ablation for persistent AF remains a challenge with varying clinical success reported. Several ablation techniques have been proposed to target persistent AF, with the additional ablation of complex fractionated electrograms and linear lesions shown to provide incremental success to pulmonary vein isolation alone. Recently, several studies have suggested the presence of localized drivers (re-entrant or focal) in AF. By targeting these drivers, clinical outcomes may be maintained while minimizing the extent of ablation. This article will focus on the conventional stepwise ablation approach for persistent AF versus driver-guided ablation with the use of newer mapping technologies.
Extra FAT: A Photorealistic Dataset for 6D Object Pose Estimation (2020)

We introduce a new image dataset for object detection and 6D pose estimation, named Extra FAT. The dataset consists of 825K photorealistic RGB images with annotations of groundtruth location and rotation for both the virtual camera and the objects. A registered pixel-level object segmentation mask is also provided for object detection and segmentation tasks. The dataset includes 110 different 3D object models. The object models were rendered in five scenes with diverse illumination, reflection, and occlusion conditions.
Odds of Transfusion for Older Adults Compared to Younger Adults Undergoing Surgery (2014)

Older adults have greater odds of receiving red blood cell transfusion in the perioperative period than do younger patients, despite the lack of evidence supporting higher hemoglobin triggers in elderly patients. Further research is needed to determine whether transfusion practice in the elderly is an opportunity for education to improve blood management.
Network Coding Multicast Key-Capacity (2022)

For a multi-source multi-terminal noiseless network, the key-dissemination problem involves the task of multicasting a secret key K from the network sources to its terminals. As in secure multicast network-coding, in the key-dissemination problem the source nodes have access to independent randomness and, as the network is noiseless, the resulting key K is a function of the sources' information. However, different from traditional forms of multicast, in key-dissemination the key K need not consist of source messages, but rather may be any function of the information generated at the sources, as long as it is shared by all terminals. Allowing the shared key K to be a mixture of source information grants a flexibility to the communication process which gives rise to the potential of increased key-rates when compared to traditional secure multicast. The multicast key-capacity is the supremum of achievable key-rates, subject to the security requirement that the shared key is not revealed to an eavesdropper with predefined eavesdropping capabilities. The key-dissemination problem (termed also, secret key-agreement) has seen significant studies over the past decades in memoryless network structures. In this work, we initiate the study of key-dissemination in the context of noiseless networks, i.e., network coding. In this context, we study similarities and differences between traditional secure-multicast and the more lenient task of key-dissemination.
Toward the Detection of Cellular Copper(II) by a Light-Activated Fluorescence Increase (2010)

A new type of Cu2+ fluorescent sensor, coucage, has been prepared with a photosensitive nitrophenyl group incorporated into the backbone of a coumarin-tagged tetradentate ligand. Coucage provides a selective fluorescence response for Cu2+ over other biologically relevant metal ions. Coordination of Cu2+ dims the fluorescence output until irradiation with UV light cleaves the ligand backbone, which relieves the copper-induced quenching to provide a turn-on response. Experiments in live MCF-7 cells show that coucage can be used for detecting changes in intracellular Cu2+ upon the addition of excess exogenous copper. If improvements can be made to increase its affinity for copper, this new type of turn-on sensor could be used as a tool for visualizing the cellular distribution of labile copper to gain insight into the mechanisms of copper trafficking.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Heteroplexisolide E. (2013)

Abstract The first total synthesis of (+)‐heteroplexisolide E (I) is presented.
Synergistic Enhancement of CD8+ T Cell–Mediated Tumor Vaccine Efficacy by an Anti–Transforming Growth Factor-β Monoclonal Antibody (2009)

These results suggest that TGF-beta blockade may be useful for enhancing cancer vaccine efficacy.
Sulforaphane Preconditioning Sensitizes Human Colon Cancer Cells towards the Bioreductive Anticancer Prodrug PR-104A (2016)

The chemoprotective properties of sulforaphane (SF), derived from cruciferous vegetables, are widely acknowledged to arise from its potent induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. However, much less is known about the impact of SF on the efficacy of cancer therapy through the modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes. To identify proteins modulated by a low concentration of SF, we treated HT29 colon cancer cells with 2.5 μM SF. Protein abundance changes were detected by stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture. Among 18 proteins found to be significantly up-regulated, aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), bioactivating the DNA cross-linking prodrug PR-104A, was further characterized. Preconditioning HT29 cells with SF reduced the EC50 of PR-104A 3.6-fold. The increase in PR-104A cytotoxicity was linked to AKR1C3 abundance and activity, both induced by SF in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was reproducible in a second colon cancer cell line, SW620, but not in other colon cancer cell lines where AKR1C3 abundance and activity were absent or barely detectable and could not be induced by SF. Interestingly, SF had no significant influence on PR-104A cytotoxicity in non-cancerous, immortalized human colonic epithelial cell lines expressing either low or high levels of AKR1C3. In conclusion, the enhanced response of PR-104A after preconditioning with SF was apparent only in cancer cells provided that AKR1C3 is expressed, while its expression in non-cancerous cells did not elicit such a response. Therefore, a subset of cancers may be susceptible to combined food-derived component and prodrug treatments with no harm to normal tissues.
Produced Water Quality Impact on Injection Performance: Predicting Injectivity Decline for Waterflood Design (2020)

The management of produced water has become a main issue in petroleum industry due to the huge quantities to be dealt with. Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) allows combining disposal with Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) opportunities. Nevertheless, PWRI could damage the formation, eventually compromising field performances. Well impairment is a complex phenomenon depending on several aspects. This paper focuses on the impact of Oil In Water (OIW) in injectivity performance, validating lab predictions and field evidences. A comprehensive review of field cases has been carried out, analyzing injection well performance with Production Data Analysis (PDA) tools together with water quality data. On a selection of field cases where OIW has been identified as main impairment reason, a workflow was established performing core flooding experiments to measure experimental loss of permeability with different content of OIW. Obtained results have been integrated by bibliographic research. Field evidences showed a direct relationship between permeability reduction and hydrocarbon content; moreover, injectivity impairment measured on field data has been found to be comparable (same order of magnitude) with the permeability reduction measured on core flooding. Combining all data together, a common trend of injectivity reduction vs. OIW content has been extrapolated passing through the definition of Injectivity Index (II). New water injection concept depends on several elements that could affect the overall project value, water quality requirements is one of them. Water quality rule of thumb can be found in literature, but each project basis of design is different. The proposed approach allows to preliminarily quantifying the expected well impairment as function of water quality. It can be used as a first tool to dimension treatment facilities in function of the reduction of injectivity that we can accept for any given reservoir. Obtained trend is representative of a subset of real field cases, where OIW content is the main impacting parameter on PWRI well damage.
Psychomotor profiling with Bayesian neworks: prediction of user abilities based on inputs of motorized wheelchair parameters (2009)

A high level of psychomotor abilities often is essential for successfully operating many technical systems and especially medical and rehabilitation devices. This paper introduces an approach to enable a technical system to automatically assess its user's level of psychomotor abilities, so that it can adapt its level of automation and provide the user with more or less assistance depending on the individual user profile. For this purpose, a study has been conducted during which the motor abilities of the participants have been assessed and their wheelchair control behavior recorded. Bayesian Networks (BN) and Structural Equation Models (SEM) have been applied to model the relationships between the wheelchair control behavior and the motor abilities of the participants. The BN demonstrate usefulness and magnificent advantages compared to the SEM for modeling uncertainty in structure and parameter dependencies, which are shown by validation experiments. Although only a small amount of data samples (23 participants) was available for model generation, a target variable reflecting the user's precision ability was successfully classified based on real data input in more than 82% of cases.
Application of Leaching Model to Describe Potato Nutrient Losses in Hot Water Blanching (1982)

ABSTRACT Nutritive losses of hot water blanched potatoes were studied. The potatoes lost significant amounts of some amino acids‐glutamic acid, aspartic acid, valine, phenylalanine, arginine, methionine and tryptophan. They also lost a significant amount of gamma‐amino butyric acid. The concentration of the water soluble vitamins, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, and niacin was significantly reduced. A leaching model, with diffusion as the rate controlling step, successfully predicted losses of these vitamins as a function of process parameters.