gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing 3D objects from 2D cross sectional images displayed in-situ versus ex-situ. (2010)

The present research investigates how mental visualization of a 3D object from 2D cross sectional images is influenced by displacing the images from the source object, as is customary in medical imaging. Three experiments were conducted to assess people's ability to integrate spatial information over a series of cross sectional images in order to visualize an object posed in 3D space. Participants used a hand-held tool to reveal a virtual rod as a sequence of cross-sectional images, which were displayed either directly in the space of exploration (in-situ) or displaced to a remote screen (ex-situ). They manipulated a response stylus to match the virtual rod's pitch (vertical slant), yaw (horizontal slant), or both. Consistent with the hypothesis that spatial colocation of image and source object facilitates mental visualization, we found that although single dimensions of slant were judged accurately with both displays, judging pitch and yaw simultaneously produced differences in systematic error between in-situ and ex-situ displays. Ex-situ imaging also exhibited errors such that the magnitude of the response was approximately correct but the direction was reversed. Regression analysis indicated that the in-situ judgments were primarily based on spatiotemporal visualization, while the ex-situ judgments relied on an ad hoc, screen-based heuristic. These findings suggest that in-situ displays may be useful in clinical practice by reducing error and facilitating the ability of radiologists to visualize 3D anatomy from cross sectional images.
Pathological Effects of Extensive Radiofrequency Energy Applications in the Pulmonary Veins in Dogs (2000)

Applications of RF current within the pulmonary veins may result in pulmonary vein narrowing or complete occlusion. These observations should be considered in treatment of arrhythmias originating within the pulmonary veins.
191 Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents in Spinal Cord Injured Dog (2017)

In the recent era of veterinary research, stem cells have gained special attention due to their efficiency and use in clinical applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been extensively studied over decades, and their prospect for clinical application is recognised in human medicine. Despite numerous reports in veterinary clinical trials of stem cells, few studies have been presented regarding the in vitro characterisation of canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSC). Therefore, their efficacy as therapeutic agents in vitro has not been much elucidated. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAMSC) were characterised as per International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines. Culturing cells showed spindle-like morphology and high proliferation rate. They displayed positive expression of mesenchymal markers CD44, CD90, and CD105, and lacked expression of CD34 and CD45. They were also positive for expression of pluripotency-related transcription factors (Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox2) and showed differentiation potential towards mesodermal lineages. The cAMSC were further analysed for the neuronal trans-differentiation potential. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, cAMSC displayed distinctive dendritic morphology along with axon projections. Neuronal specific genes including Nestin, ß-tubulin, neurofilament protein (NF-M, NF-H), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were also positively expressed. Nevertheless, functional analysis of neuronal differentiated cAMSC displayed voltage dependence and kinetics for transient K+ and Na+ currents (Ito). Both K+ and Na+ currents were recorded in differentiated MSC by voltage steps (between -120 and +60 mV for K+ currents, -40 and +50 mV for Na+ currents), whereas control undifferentiated MSC lacked the currents. Taken together, we concluded that the cAMSC have potential to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Based on these findings, we transplanted cAMSC into the spinal cord injured dogs to evaluate their clinical efficiency under approved medical guidelines set by Gyeongsang National University Animal Medical Center (Korea). Neurological examination showed that the injured dog had undergone hind limb paralysis and lost deep pain sensation due to an L2 spinal cord lesion, as detected by CT and MRI. The dog was diagnosed with traumatic L2 intradural spinal cord contusion, and decompression surgery was performed, but deep pain sensation did not recover. Therefore, each cAMSC (diluted in 0.5 mL of saline) was transplanted into spinal cord segment (L2~L3) 5 times at 1-week intervals. The dog showed mild recovery of deep pain sensation by neurological examinations and exhibited gradual improvement in hind limb function. Finally, we concluded that transplantation of cAMSC has a beneficial therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury. This study also provides a significant advantage in understanding the potential of MSC-based products in veterinary clinical applications.
SELECTIVE DRY ETCHING OF GaN OVER AlGaN IN BCL3/SF6 MIXTURES (2004)

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of GaN with high selectivity over Al .22 Ga .78 N in BCl 3 / SF 6 mixtures has been studied. Selectivity and surface morphology were investigated over a wide range of pressures (3.75–37.5mTorr), RF powers (30–120 W), ICP powers (100–400 W), and SF 6 / BCl 3 ratios (0.1–0.7). Higher pressures, lower dc biases, and higher SF 6 / BCl 3 ratios increased the GaN to AlGaN selectivity. Selectivities up to 25 were measured by laser interferometry. A root mean square (rms) surface roughness of 0.67 nm was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after removal of 0.5 μm from a GaN template (process selectivity: 15, as-grown rms surface roughness: 0.56 nm). A degradation in surface morphology, with the gradual formation of pits, was observed for selectivities above 10.
En studie av flytkontroll og bufferstørrelser i Ethernet som tett koblet nettverk (2007)

In this thesis we study Ethernet as a technology for building interconnection networks. We start by changing the routing tables of traditional Ethernet to better utilize available resources in the\ninterconnection network (in traditional Ethernet a link is not used if it would close a loop in the network topology). We then continue with a study of buffer usage and flow control in interconnection networks using input and output queued switches.\n\nThrough simulation we show how we can improve both throughput and latency in traditional Ethernet by taking control of the routing tables populating them using a version of up*/down*-routing. In doing this the throughput is as much as tripled while the mean latency is cut in half.\n\nWe continue with simulations testing throughput and latency in\ninterconnection networks using input queued versus output queued switches (with flow control) concluding that the difference in performance is neglectable. While the problem of head of line blocking has been argued to lower performance of a single input queued switch (compared to an output queued switch) all our simulations show that this is not true for a network of switches. The performance is more or less the same for the two types of switches.\n\nThe last part of our studies focus on when to turn on and off pause based flow control. Our findings show that you can expect a small increase in throughout when keeping the fill ratio of the buffers high (and using big buffers). The penalty when it comes to mean latency however is huge when using big buffers with high fill ratio. The conclusion for interconnection networks is therefore to keep the buffers as small as possible still keeping a good flow of traffic. In our simulated networks this compares to using buffers in the size of two to four package sizes (using store and forward switches).
Hesperidin inhibits ovariectomized-induced osteopenia and shows differential effects on bone mass and strength in young and adult intact rats (2008)

The main aim of this study was to investigate the bone-sparing effect of hesperidin, one of the main flavonoid present in oranges, in two age groups of ovariectomized female rats, compared with their intact controls. Young (3 mo) and adult (6 mo) female Wistar rats were sham operated (SH) or ovariectomized (OVX) and then pair-fed for 90 days a casein-based diet supplemented or not with 0.5% hesperidin (Hp; n = 10/group). In older rats, Hp intake led to a partial inhibition of OVX-induced bone loss, whereas a complete inhibition was obtained in younger animals. At both ages, while plasma osteocalcin concentrations were unchanged, urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline was reduced by Hp intake, suggesting that Hp was able to slow down bone resorption. Unexpectedly, in intact young rats, Hp consumption resulted in a significant increase in bone mineral density (BMD). Indeed, 6-mo-old HpSH rats had a similar BMD to 9-mo-old nontreated SH adult rats, suggesting an accelerated bone mass gain in the young rats. In contrast, in intact adult rats, Hp did not further increase BMD but did improve their bone strength. The results of this study show a protective effect of Hp on bone loss in OVX rats of both ages without uterine stimulation and accompanied by a lipid-lowering effect. The unexpected and intriguing findings obtained in intact rats showing improved BMD in young rats and improved femoral load in adult rats merit further investigation. The bone and lipid benefits of hesperidin make it an attractive dietary agent for the management of the health of postmenopausal women.
The influence of oscillations on product selectivity during the palladium-catalysed phenylacetylene oxidative carbonylation reaction (2007)

This paper reports on the influence of oscillations on product selectivity as well as the dynamics of product formation during the palladium-catalysed phenylacetylene oxidative carbonylation reaction in a catalytic system (PdI2, KI, Air, NaOAc in methanol). The occurrence of the pH oscillations is related to PdI2 granularity and the initial pH drop after phenylacetylene addition. To achieve pH and reaction exotherm oscillations regulation of the amount of PdI2 is required, ensuring that the initial pH does not fall significantly below 1 after phenylacetylene addition. Experiments in both oscillatory and non-oscillatory pH regimes were performed in an HEL SIMULAR™ reaction calorimeter with the concentration–time profiles measured using a GC-MS. It is demonstrated that when operating in an oscillatory pH regime product formation may be suppressed until oscillations occur after which there is a steep increase in the formation of Z-2-phenyl-but-2-enedioic acid dimethyl ester. When operating in non-oscillatory pH mode the products are formed steadily over time with the main products being Z-2-phenyl-but-2-enedioic acid dimethyl ester, 2-phenyl-acrylic acid methyl ester and E-3-phenyl-acrylic acid methyl ester.
Estrogen Increases Transendothelial Cation Selectivity: A Novel Vasculoprotective Mechanism (1996)

Cho, M M; Ziats, N; Abdul-Karim, F; Goldfarb, J; Utian, W H; Gorodeski, G I Author Information
Synthesis of 2‐Pyridylpyridines via Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions Between 3‐Pyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazines and Some Vinyl Alkanoates. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Light triggers molecular shuttling in rotaxanes: control over proximity and charge recombination (2019)

We present the synthesis of novel rotaxanes based on mechanically interlocked porphyrins and fullerene and their advanced investigations by means of photophysical measurements. To this end, a fullerene-capped dumbbell-type axle containing a central triazole was threaded through strapped (metallo)porphyrins-either a free-base or a zinc porphyrin. Femtosecond-resolved transient absorption measurements revealed charge-separation between the porphyrin and fullerene upon light excitation. Solvent polarity and solvent coordination effects induced molecular motion of the rotaxanes upon charge separation and enabled, for the first time, subtle control over the charge recombination by enabling and controlling the directionality of shuttling.
A new method to coordinate the PI controllers' parameters of doubly-fed induction generator (2012)

The PI controllers of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) include three pairs of parameters, which have an important influence on the system dynamics. The existing coordinated method [1] gives the approximate scope of the PI parameters; however, random combination of the three group of parameters may result in a critical stable state. By recognizing this, this paper pushes forward the work in [1] and proposes a new method to coordinate the PI controller's parameters of DFIG, which considering the interaction between three group of parameters and ensuring the DFIG system operated in a stable state. The proposed method includes following steps. firstly, it determines the optimal PI parameters for the outer voltage loop of GCC by neglecting the influence of the other two group of PI parameters; and then, determine the optimal PI parameters for inner current loop of GCC, considering the influence from the outer voltage loop PI parameters of GCC, and finally, determine the optimal PI parameters for current loop of RCC, considering the influence from the two group of parameters above and the optimal condition, which is find a group of parameters to make the maximal eigenvalue to a minimum. Finally, this paper presents the simulation results with a typical DFIG system based on RTDS, and the simulation results show that the PI parameters determined by the proposed method can ensure the DFIG system having a good performance.
Developing ACM Computing Curriculum Courseware on Graphics and Visual Computing (2002)

We combine previously unrelated requirements and approaches for an online support of classes for graphics and vision. ACM Computing Curriculum provides the contents guidelines, TU Graz fundamental lecture on Graphics and Visual Computing implements the lecture notes, with frequent hyperlinks into the slides. Awarded applets at pg.netgraphics.sk offer the interactive experience. Algorithm animation, open problems and knowledge tests enhance the topics understanding and feedback. All the abovementioned main components represent the layers of a long term educational project. All the features will be presented or exemplified to the workshop audience either online or using videos. Besides addressing ethical issues in computer graphics curricula in the sense by Bannatyne et al., use of VR techniques and constructivistic approach by Wen-Tsai Su, we discuss the teaching experience from Japan, Slovakia, and Austria within the framework of global online set of refereed resources, as proposed in SIGCSE 2002 BOF on Computer Graphics by Steve Cunningham.
Potentials with small‐angle neutron scattering technique for understanding structure–property relation of 3D‐printed materials (2018)

Carbon fiber (CF)‐embedded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer composites printed on the large‐scale printer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were investigated by small‐angle neutron scattering to correlate the microstructure of the composites with their mechanical strength. The microstructure of the polymer domains and the alignment of CF were characterized across the interfaces between layers of the hot‐melt extruded material and were compared with CF‐free ABS. The small‐angle neutron scattering data show that the CF‐containing material displays strong anisotropic scatterings suggesting molecular alignment along the printing direction that is not present in the CF‐free ABS. Scattering data analysis across the interfacial layer revealed enhanced molecular alignment along the printing direction near the boundaries and inhomogeneous size distribution of polymer domains upon the addition of CF. We attribute the compromised strength across interfacial layers from CF‐containing material to this inhomogeneous size distribution which prevents effective lateral interaction between layers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E65–E70, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Peptide and protein assays using customizable bio-affinity arrays combined with ambient ionization mass spectrometry (2021)

High-throughput identification and quantification of protein/peptide biomarkers from biofluids in a label-free manner is achieved by interfacing bio-affinity arrays (BAAs) with nano-electrospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-MS). A wide spectrum of proteins and peptides ranging from phosphopeptides to <i>cis</i>-diol biomolecules as well as thrombin can be rapidly extracted <i>via</i> arbitrarily predefined affinity interactions including coordination chemistry, covalent bonding, and biological recognition. An integrated MS platform allows continuous interrogation. Profiling and quantitation of dysregulated phosphopeptides from small-volume (∼5 μL) serum samples has been successfully demonstrated. As a front-end device adapted to any mass spectrometer, this MS platform might hold much promise in protein/peptide analysis in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and clinical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Indole Alkaloids via Indole Chromium Complexes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mean-Field Approximations for Coupled Populations of Generalized Linear Model Spiking Neurons with Markov Refractoriness (2009)

There has recently been a great deal of interest in inferring network connectivity from the spike trains in populations of neurons. One class of useful models that can be fit easily to spiking data is based on generalized linear point process models from statistics. Once the parameters for these models are fit, the analyst is left with a nonlinear spiking network model with delays, which in general may be very difficult to understand analytically. Here we develop mean-field methods for approximating the stimulus-driven firing rates (in both the time-varying and steady-state cases), auto- and cross-correlations, and stimulus-dependent filtering properties of these networks. These approximations are valid when the contributions of individual network coupling terms are small and, hence, the total input to a neuron is approximately gaussian. These approximations lead to deterministic ordinary differential equations that are much easier to solve and analyze than direct Monte Carlo simulation of the network activity. These approximations also provide an analytical way to evaluate the linear input-output filter of neurons and how the filters are modulated by network interactions and some stimulus feature. Finally, in the case of strong refractory effects, the mean-field approximations in the generalized linear model become inaccurate; therefore, we introduce a model that captures strong refractoriness, retains all of the easy fitting properties of the standard generalized linear model, and leads to much more accurate approximations of mean firing rates and cross-correlations that retain fine temporal behaviors.
Application of High Pressure Torsion to Bulk Samples (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Assessing Human-Agent Teams for Future Space Missions (2010)

Running computer simulations of work practices early on lets researchers test human agent teams in dangerous, complex environments by incrementally increasing fidelity, adding realistic features, and incorporating human participants.
Attenuating Heave-Induced Pressure Oscillations using Automated Down-hole Choking (2018)

Abstract In this paper, a new tool to be placed in the bottomhole assembly (BHA) is introduced for the purpose of counteracting heave-induced down-hole pressure oscillations in offshore drilling. The tool contains a control choke, sensors and computing capability, and will operate autonomously with minimal implications for standard drilling procedures. A small-scale prototype is developed and successfully tested in laboratory experiments showing significant reduction in down-hole pressure oscillations. Realistic, full-scale cases investigated using computer simulations also show good performance. The paper gives a description of the small-scale lab as well as the mathematical model used for the computer simulations. A full-size autonomous choke prototype is currently being constructed for further testing under more realistic conditions. Design aspects of the prototype are presented in the paper.
Estudio clínico y molecular de la poliposis adenomatosa familiar clásica en población española (2004)

Antecedentes: La poliposis adenomatosa familiar (FAP) es una predisposicion genetica a la aparicion de cientos a miles de adenomas en el intestino grueso de pacientes en los que la probabilidad de malignizacion es cercana al 100%. La FAP exhibe ademas una serie de manifestaciones extracolonicas como, poliposis gastrointestinal, hipertrofia congenita del epitelio pigmentario de la retina, tumores desmoides, osteomas y quistes odontogeicos y otros tumores extraintestinales que completan su espectro clinico. Mayoritariamente esta causada por mutaciones germinales en el gen APC, de modo que la identificacion presintomatica de estas mutaciones permite el establecimiento de relaciones genotipo-fenotipo y el diseno de medidas de prevencion y tratamiento profilactico que evitan la aparicion del cancer colorrectal y aumentan la supervivencia de los sujetos en riesgo. Objetivos: 1.- Definir las caracteristicas clinicas y moleculares de la FAP. 2.- Disenar un test genetico de screening de mutaciones en APC. 3.- Establecer relaciones genotipo-fenotipo. 4.- Evaluar la eficacia del estudio de mutaciones en APC para prevenir el cancer colorrectal en la FAP. Material y Metodos: Informacion clinica de 405 individuos, 214 afectos y 191 sujetos en riesgo pertenecientes a 101 familias espanolas con FAP clasica. Despistaje de mutaciones del gen APC mediante tecnica de analisis de heteroduplex en 50% de region codificante o en regiones recurrentes. Resultados mas relevantes y conclusiones: El numero de adenomas del colon se asocia con una menor edad al diagnostico de FAP, mas alta incidencia y debut mas precoz del cancer, y una edad de fallecimiento mas prematura. La probabilidad de desarrollar cancer colorrectal en la FAP se asocia con una edad de diagnostico: P (probabilidad de presentar cancer)= 1/1+ e -(-2,852+0,06x edad de diagnostico).
An 8MB level-3 cache in 32nm SOI with column-select aliasing (2011)

High-performance multi-core processors require efficient multi-level cache hierarchies to meet high-bandwidth data requirements. Because level-3 (L3) cache is typically the largest cache on the die, the drive to lower cost places pressure on density, yields, and test time. Performance-per-watt goals and total power constraints also compel a variety of circuit techniques to reduce power. The next generation server processor codenamed "Orochi", implemented on a 32nm high-k metal-gate SOI process with 11 metal layers, consists of four 2-core modules using AMD's next-generation architecture, code named "Bulldozer", with 2MB of dedicated L2 cache per module and an 8MB shared L3 cache.