gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Photonic Clock and Carrier Recovery Device (1996)

As data communication rates climb toward ten Gb/s, clock recovery and synchronization become more difficult, if not impossible, using conventional electronic circuits. We present in this article experimental results of a high speed clock and carrier recovery using a novel device called a photonic oscillator that we recently developed in our laboratory. This device is capable of recovering clock signals up to 70 GHz. To recover the clock, the incoming data is injected into the photonic oscillator either through the optical injection port or the electrical injection port. The free running photonic oscillator is tuned to oscillate at a nominal frequency equal to the clock frequency of the incoming data. With the injection of the data, the photonic oscillator will be quickly locked to clock frequency of the data stream while rejecting other frequency components associated with the data. Consequently, the output of the locked photonic oscillator is a continuous periodical wave synchronized with the incoming data or simply the recovered clock. We have demonstrated a clock to spur ratio of more than 60 dB of the recovered clock using this technique. Similar to the clock recovery, the photonic oscillator can be used to recover a high frequency carrier degraded by noise and an improvement of about 50 dB in signal-to-noise ratio was demonstrated. The photonic oscillator has both electrical and optical inputs and outputs and can be directly interfaced with a photonic system without signal conversion. In addition to clock and carrier recovery, the photonic oscillator can also be used for (1) stable high frequency clock signal generation, (2) frequency multiplication, (3) square wave and comb frequency generation, and (4) photonic phase locked loop.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Small Molecule–Mediated Activation of RAS Elicits Biphasic Modulation of Phospho-ERK Levels that Are Regulated through Negative Feedback on SOS1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Uncropped versions of all western blot membranes&lt;/p&gt;
tRNA-Ribosome Interactions (1979)

The bacterial ribosome is 100 times the molecular weight of tRNA. Ribosomes from eukaryotes are even larger. Thus, a detailed description of ribosome structure and the mechanism of protein synthesis could dwarf a book about tRNA (for recent reviews, see Nomura et al. 1974; Weissbach and Pestka 1977; Kurland 1977; Brimacombe et al. 1978; Grunberg-Manago et al. 1978). Here we shall focus on ribosome-tRNA interactions from the myopic point of view of the tRNA. Details of ribosome structure not related directly to tRNA function will be ignored as much as possible. For example, we shall stress what happens to a tRNA when it binds to a ribosome, but not what happens to the ribosome. Almost all examples will be drawn from Escherichia coli. However, most generalizations probably apply accurately to other ribosomes. The essential problem in studying tRNA-ribosome interactions is that far more is known about tRNA structure and dynamics than about ribosomes. The known structure and properties of tRNAs raise numerous interesting questions about how tRNA may function on the ribosome. However, it seems far easier to frame such questions than to design definitive experimental approaches for answering them. Some of the most powerful techniques available for the study of an isolated tRNA cannot be used on tRNA-ribosome complexes because of their large size, heterogeneity, and instability. The situation is analogous to the study of enzyme-substrate interactions in the absence of crystals of the enzyme-substrate complex. One has to hope that available knowledge about the substrate will be applicable...
Landmark localization in images with variable Field-Of-View (2013)

The goal of this work is to accurately localize anatomical structures in 3D Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Clinical protocols vary greatly in the scanned Field-Of-View (FOV), hence a typical scan may contain only a subset of a larger group of anatomical landmarks learned from the whole body. We extend parts-based graphical models for landmark localization in such partial FOV scans, by augmenting the state space with extra states with learnt penalties, which account for placements of each invisible landmark outside of the FOV. The resulting algorithm maintains the attractive computational properties of the original approach, whilst achieving accurate localization of the visible landmarks. We report results for localizing 11 standard anatomical landmarks (skeletal and soft tissue), using 3,000 truncated 3D CT images from a database of lung cancer patients. We compare our method against a baseline graphical model and report landmark localization error reduced on average by 54%, for a wide range of previously unknown FOV sizes.
Plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels in critical illness including sepsis and septic shock: Relation to disease severity, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality (2000)

Plasma levels of G-CSF, IL-6, and LIF are greatly elevated in critical illness, including septic shock, and are correlated with one another and with the severity of illness. However, they are not independently predictive of mortality, or the development of multiple organ dysfunction. GM-CSF was rarely elevated, suggesting different roles for G-CSF and GM-CSF in human septic shock.
Argonne researchers create high-T/sub c/ coil (1988)

Roger Poeppel and his colleagues at Argonne National Laboratory have fabricated a coil of YBCO wire with a T/sub c/ of 94K. They extruded a mix of binder and superconducting powder into the coil shape, then fired the coil in oxygen. The binder, a pure hydrocarbon, oxidized during firing, yielding only small amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor. They have measured a critical current density of 700 amps/cm/sup 2/ at 77K in short pieces of the wire. This coil represents an intermediate step in a project to develop conductors and magnets.
A direct method to determine the strength of the dermal–epidermal junction in a mouse model for epidermolysis bullosa (2012)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) describes a spectrum of rare, incurable, inherited mechanobullous disorders unified by the fact that they are caused by structural defects in the basement membrane zone which disrupt adhesion between the epidermis and dermis. Mouse models provide valuable tools to define the molecular basis of these diseases and to test novel therapeutic approaches. There is need for rapid, quantitative tests that measure the integrity of dermal-epidermal adhesions in such models. To address this need, we describe a novel quantitative method to determine the mechanical strength of the adhesion between tail skin epidermis and dermis. We show that this test reliably measures the force required to cause dermal-epidermal separation in tails of mice that are genetically predisposed to a form of non-Herlitz Junctional EB which develops as the result of a hypomorphic mutation in the laminin gamma 2 gene (Lamc2(jeb) ). This simple, quantitative method of directly measuring the tensile strength of dermal-epidermal adhesion provides a novel dimension to the pathophysiological screening, evaluation, and therapeutic treatment of mice that may develop progressive forms of EB and potentially other disorders that compromise cutaneous integrity.
Elastomers and Composites : Effect of Initiator on Performance of Polyvinylacetate as Emulsion Adhesive (2015)

Polyvinylacetate (PVAc) was prepared using thermal initiation and redox initiation via emulsion polymerization at 80℃. The polymerization conditions had a significant effect on the properties of the synthesized PVAc. When hydrogen peroxide and tartaric acid as the initiator for redox polymerization were used, the synthesized PVAc had a low molecular weight. In comparison with thermal polymerization, smaller PVAc particles were formed during the redox polymerization due to relatively faster polymerization rate, which in turn resulted in improved adhesion property. It is considered that the rapid generation of smaller particles induces the formation of a large surface area.
Methyldialkylcyanodiazenecarboxylates as intermediates for transforming aliphatic ketones into nitriles (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethyldialkylcyanodiazenecarboxylates as intermediates for transforming aliphatic ketones into nitrilesFrederick E. Ziegler and Paul A. WenderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 11, 2001–2003Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00431a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00431a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Demonstration of phenotypic abnormalities of thymic epithelium in thymoma including two cases with abundant Langerhans cells. (1988)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies that phenotypically define stages of normal human thymic epithelial (TE) cell maturation was used to compare thymic epithelium of nine thymomas with hyperplastic thymic epithelium in myasthenia gravis (MG) and thymic epithelium of normal thymuses. It has been shown previously that normal thymic epithelial cells express antigens of early TE cell maturation (A2B5, TE-4) throughout thymic ontogeny and acquire antigens 12/1-2, TE8, and TE-15 at 14 to 16 weeks of fetal gestation. Hyperplastic MG thymic epithelial cells expressed TE antigens in phenotypic patterns similar to that seen in normal postnatal thymus, ie, TE in subcapsular cortex and medulla was TE4+, A2B5+, and 12/1 - 2+ and Hassall's bodies were reactive with antibodies TE8 and TE15. In contrast, thymic epithelium in primary mediastinal thymomas was TE4+, A2B5+, TE8-, and greater than 75% of thymoma epithelium was 12/1 - 2-, a thymic epithelial phenotype similar to that seen on normal fetal thymic epithelium at 14 to 16 weeks fetal gestation. In one subject with a mature epithelial histologic pattern, thymoma epithelium was found to be strongly TE8+, a phenotype suggestive of a later stage of TE maturation. Lymphocytes in five of seven thymomas with immature thymic epithelial cells predominantly expressed immature thymocyte phenotype while two thymomas with immature epithelial phenotype showed a predominance of Langerhans cells and surrounding lymphocytes expressing a mature phenotype. Lymphocytes in the thymoma with differentiated epithelial cells expressed a mature thymocyte phenotype. Thus, in thymomas of varying histologic types, phenotypic abnormalities of thymic epithelium are present; these phenotypic abnormalities may reflect abnormal thymic epithelial maturation.
Statistical modelling of biomarkers incorporating non-proportional effects for survival data (2013)

Personalised medicine is replacing the one-drug-fits-all approach with many prognostic models incorporating biomarkers available for risk stratifying patients with breast cancer, such as the Nottingham Prognostic Index and Adjuvant! Online and more recently multiparameter assays, OncotypeDx and Mammaprint.

Evidence of biomarkers having non-proportional effects have been emerging and therefore violating the assumption of proportional hazards when performing Cox regression. A classic example is the risk of recurrence after breast cancer depends on the duration of follow-up for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression status[1]. The gene signature MammaPrint has also been shown to have possible non-proportional effects with better prediction of patients at high risk of early relapse rather than those at risk of later disease progression[2,3].

A review of existing approaches for the analysis of non-proportional effects with respect to survival data found there to be a number of well-developed approaches for incorporating non-proportional effects but a lack of application of these approaches in practice. Two key approaches are the multivariable fractional polynomial time (MFPT) approach by Sauerbrei et al.[4] and flexible parametric models proposed by Royston & Parmer[5].

There is a need for more widespread use of flexible modelling to move away from standard analysis using a Cox model when the assumption of proportional hazards is violated. Fully determining the effects of markers in prognostic studies will help develop novel models for the selection of patients for appropriate treatments.
Controlled Charge Transport by Polymer Blend Dielectrics in Top-Gate Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Low-Voltage-Operating Complementary Circuits (2012)

We report here the development of high-performance p- and n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and complementary circuits using inkjet-printed semiconducting layers and high-k polymer dielectric blends of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Inkjet-printed p-type polymer semiconductors containing alkyl-substituted thienylenevinylene (TV) and dodecylthiophene (PC12TV12T) and n-type poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-dithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) OFETs typically show high field-effect mobilities (μ(FET)) of 0.2-0.5 cm²/(V s), and their operation voltage is effectively reduced to below 5 V by the use of P(VDF-TrFE):PMMA blends. The main interesting result is that the OFET characteristics could be tuned by controlling the mixing ratio of P(VDF-TrFE) to PMMA in the blended dielectric. The μ(FET) of the PC12TV12T OFETs gradually improves, whereas the P(NDI2OD-T2) OFET properties become slightly worse as the P(VDF-TrFE) content increases. When the mixing ratio is optimized, well-balanced hole and electron mobilities of more than 0.2 cm²/(V s) and threshold voltages below ±3 V are obtained at a 7:3 ratio of P(VDF-TrFE) to PMMA. Low-voltage-operated (∼2 V) printed complementary inverters are successfully demonstrated using the blended dielectric and exhibit an ideal inverting voltage of nearly half of the supplied bias, high voltage gains of greater than 25, and excellent noise margins of more than 75% of the ideal values.
Polarization effects of a europium complex in stretched polyethylene (2002)

Polarization effects in photoluminescence spectra of Eu3+ ions in tris(dinaphthoylmethane) (monophenanthroline)europium(III) complex [abbreviated hereafter as Eu(dnm)3phen] dispersed in stretched polyethylene (PE) reveal quasi-uniaxial alignment of the molecular complex, not present in the unstretched PE. The ligand field structure of D50−F72 transition in the Eu(dnm)3phen single crystal differs from that of a single molecule in stretched PE, indicating rearrangement of the organic ligands upon stretching.
Glycolytic Flux in Lager Yeast Fermentations: Application of Isotachophoresis and Bioluminescence for Measurement of Cellular Intermediates (1983)

(1983). Glycolytic Flux in Lager Yeast Fermentations: Application of Isotachophoresis and Bioluminescence for Measurement of Cellular Intermediates. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 125-132.
SMN deficiency in severe models of spinal muscular atrophy causes widespread intron retention and DNA damage (2017)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease, is the leading monogenic cause of infant mortality. Homozygous loss of the gene survival of motor neuron 1 (<i>SMN1</i>) causes the selective degeneration of lower motor neurons and subsequent atrophy of proximal skeletal muscles. The <i>SMN1</i> protein product, survival of motor neuron (SMN), is ubiquitously expressed and is a key factor in the assembly of the core splicing machinery. The molecular mechanisms by which disruption of the broad functions of SMN leads to neurodegeneration remain unclear. We used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based inducible mouse model of SMA to investigate the SMN-specific transcriptome changes associated with neurodegeneration. We found evidence of widespread intron retention, particularly of minor U12 introns, in the spinal cord of mice 30 d after SMA induction, which was then rescued by a therapeutic ASO. Intron retention was concomitant with a strong induction of the p53 pathway and DNA damage response, manifesting as γ-H2A.X positivity in neurons of the spinal cord and brain. Widespread intron retention and markers of the DNA damage response were also observed with SMN depletion in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons. We also found that retained introns, high in GC content, served as substrates for the formation of transcriptional R-loops. We propose that defects in intron removal in SMA promote DNA damage in part through the formation of RNA:DNA hybrid structures, leading to motor neuron death.
Fully Depleted GeOI-Channel Junctionless pMOSFET with a Low-Resistance-Raised NiGe Alloy S/D (2017)

We fabricated a Ge junctionless p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (JL pMOSFET) with a raised metal source/drain (S/D) composed of a metal alloy. An ultrathin-body Ge channel was trimmed to 10 nm, which is lower than the maximum depletion width, to completely switch off the device. The fabricated Ge JL pMOSFET containing a raised Ni/NiGe S/D exhibited a high on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) value (approximately 105 at VDS = −0.1 V). The S/D series resistance of the full metal S/D structure was exactly lower than the structures of Ge/NiGe and Ge bulk S/D. Synopsys Technology Computer-Aided Design tools were used to confirm the advantages of the full metal S/D structure and demonstrate the enhancement of the S/D resistance in a device with scaled gate length. The proposed scheme is suitable for reducing the series resistance of a device with minimized dimensions.
Water Capillary Condensation Effect on the Photocatalytic Activity of Porous TiO2 in Air (2014)

Spectroscopic ellipsometry was utilized to follow in situ the photodegradation of organic species at TiO2 interfaces during UV irradiation in real operating conditions. Mesoporous crystalline TiO2 thin films were used as photoactive catalyzers, while lauric acid was used as the model pollutant. After infiltration of lauric acid in the TiO2 film, the local photocatalytic activity was deduced by monitoring the variation of refractive index, which is directly related to the total organic content (TOC) elimination, during irradiation at 364 nm within different atmosphere compositions in O2 and H2O vapor. Results revealed that the presence of both H2O (hydroxyl groups) and O2 is critical due to their role as electron and hole scavengers when adsorbed at the surface of TiO2. The photodegradation activity speed is not constant along the test as a result of the variation in −OH and H2O content into the pore. Interestingly, while the activity was not significantly influenced between 10% and 20% of O2 and between 20% and 60% of relative humidity (P/P0), it considerably increases for relative humidity above 60%. This is attributed to the fact that above 60% humidity, water exists under liquid state in the pores as a result of the capillary condensation as shown by ellipsometry porosimetry. This reveals that a liquid water environment, obtained in nanopores at high humidity by capillary condensation, provides better conditions for heterogeneous photocatalytic activity. It also proves that the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of a given material in water medium is not directly reliable for the quantification of its photocatalytic activity in the gas phase.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of Lithium Deposition and Dissolution in Nonaqueous Electrolyte with Hydrofluoric Acid (2000)

The irreversible consumption of lithium during deposition and dissolution in nonaqueous electrolytes with a small amount of hydrofluoric acid was studied by an electrochemical in situ quartz crystal microbalance technique. It was found that lithium is not only consumed by chemical reactions with the electrolyte during deposition, but is also lost during dissolution. This result is strongly related to breakdown of the surface film formed on lithium during the deposition process. From the experimental data, it is concluded that the stability of the surface film on lithium metal during dissolution is a key requirement for high coulombic efficiency of lithium metal deposition and dissolution. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Controlling responsive emulsion properties via polymer design (2009)

Subtle changes in copolymer surfactant architecture and chain-end functionality can induce diverse behaviours in pH-responsive branched copolymer-stabilized emulsions.
Why certain subgraph computations requite only linear time (1985)

A general problem in computational graph theory is that of finding an optimal subgraph H of a given weighted graph G. The matching problem (which is easy) and the traveling salesman problem (which is not) are well known examples of this general problem. In the literature one can also find a variety of ad hoc algorithms for solving certain special cases in linear time. We present a general methodology for constructing linear time algorithms in the case that the graph G is defined by certain rules of composition (as are trees, series parallel graphs, and outerplanar graphs) and the desired subgraph H satisfies a "regular" property (such as independence or matching). This methodology is applied to obtain a linear time algorithm for computing the irredundance number of a tree, a problem for which no polynomial time algorithm was previously known.
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) Inhibitors Based on Thioalkylbenzoic Acid Scaffolds (2012)

A series of thiol-based glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitors have been synthesized with either a 3-(mercaptomethyl)benzoic acid or 2-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzoic acid scaffold. Potent inhibitors were identified from each of the two scaffolds with IC(50) values in the single-digit nanomolar range, including 2-(3-carboxybenzyloxy)-5-(mercaptomethyl)benzoic acid 27c and 3-(2-mercaptoethyl)biphenyl-2,3'-dicarboxylic acid 35c. Compound 35c was found to be metabolically stable and selective over a number of targets related to glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. Furthermore, compound 35c was found to be orally available in rats and exhibited efficacy in an animal model of neuropathic pain following oral administration.