gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the Oral Dysbiotic Microbiota as Masters of Neutrophil Responses in the Pathobiology of Periodontitis (2021)

Numerous bacterial species participate in the shift of the oral microbiome from beneficial to dysbiotic. The biggest challenge lying ahead of microbiologists, immunologists and dentists is the fact that the bacterial species act differently, although usually synergistically, on the host immune cells, including neutrophils, and on the surrounding tissues, making the investigation of single factors challenging. As biofilm is a complex community, the members interact with each other, which can be a key issue in future studies designed to develop effective treatments. To understand how a patient gets to the stage of the late-onset (previously termed chronic) periodontitis or develops other, in some cases life-threatening, diseases, it is crucial to identify the microbial composition of the biofilm and the mechanisms behind its pathogenicity. The members of the red complex (<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i>, and <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>) have long been associated as the cause of periodontitis and stayed in the focus of research. However, novel techniques, such as 16S clonal analysis, demonstrated that the oral microbiome diversity is greater than ever expected and it opened a new era in periodontal research. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning bacterial participation beyond <i>P. gingivalis</i> and the red complex in periodontal inflammation mediated by neutrophils and to spread awareness about the associated diseases and pathological conditions.
PRELUDE: A system for portable parallel software. Technical report (1991)

In this paper the authors describe PRELUDE, a programming language and accompanying system support for writing portable MIMD parallel programs. PRELUDE supports methodology for designing and organizing parallel programs that makes them easier to tune for particular architectures and to port to new architectures. It builds on earlier work on Emerald, Amber, and various Fortran extensions to allow the programmer to divide programs into architecture-dependent and architecture-independent parts, and then to change the architecture-dependent parts to port the program to a new machine or to tune its performance on a single machine. The architecture-dependent parts of a program are specified by annotations that describe the mapping of a program onto a machine. PRELUDE provides a variety of mapping mechanisms similar to those in other systems, including remote procedure call, object migration, and data replication and partitioning. In addition, PRELUDE includes novel migration mechanisms for computations based on a form of continuation passing. The implementation of object migration in PRELUDE uses a novel approach based on fixup blocks that is more efficient than previous approaches, and amortizes the cost of each migration so that the cost per migration drops as the frequency of migrations increases.
A reduced complexity digital predistorter with a single common feedback loop for concurrent multi-band power amplifiers (2017)

This paper proposes a reduced complexity digital predistorter (DPD) with a single common feedback loop for concurrent multi-band power amplifiers (PAs). Some multi-band DPD schemes with a single common feedback loop have been proposed; however the conventional DPD scheme requires additional complexity for calculating PA modeling coefficients and separating a feedback signal obtained by overlapping multiband feedback signals in the frequency domain. The proposed DPD can reduce complexity by avoiding the additional complexity for separating the overlapped feedback signals. The proposed DPD scheme compensates for nonlinear distortions with lower complexity using estimated feedback signals obtained by subtracting the signal transmitted on another band from the overlapped feedback signal. It is revealed that the proposed DPD scheme achieves a more than 63% reduction in complexity without sacrificing the DPD linearization performance.
Novel features of serine protease active sites and specificity pockets: sequence analysis and modelling studies of glutamate-specific endopeptidases and epidermolytic toxins (1996)

With a view to obtaining a better understanding of the structural determinants of P1 glutamate specificity in glutamate-specific endopeptidases (GSEs), the active sites and specificity pockets of such enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis (gse-bl), Bacillus subtilis (mpr) and Staphylococcus aureus (v8 protease) were modelled. This approach was extended to the epidermolytic toxins (ETs), responsible for the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. We identify a canonical structure for the S1 subsite, composed of H213 and T190, both of which we predict to interact directly with the P1 glutamate. The possible importance of R30 (for gse-bl and mpr) and of the N-terminus (for gse-bl, mpr and v8 protease) was also examined. In the case of mpr, a G193C substitution is predicted to participate in a novel disulphide bridge which stabilizes C193 in such a way as to maintain the oxyanion hole. In v8, the loss or substitution of several important structural components around D102 of the catalytic triad probably explains its reduced catalytic efficiency in comparison with other GSEs. In the case of the epidermolytic toxins K216 may be important for the previously reported phospholipase C-like activity, since the model predicts that it may stabilize the negative charge on the phosphonyl group.
Automated and Computer-Assisted Detection, Classification, and Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy (2020)

<b> <i>Background:</i> </b> <i>The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has raised significant ethical, economic, and scientific controversies.</i> <b> <i>Introduction:</i> </b> <i>Because an explicit goal of AI is to perform processes previously reserved for human clinicians and other health care personnel, there is justified concern about the impact on patient safety, efficacy, equity, and liability.</i> <b> <i>Discussion:</i> </b> <i>Systems for computer-assisted and fully automated detection, triage, and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) from retinal images show great variation in design, level of autonomy, and intended use. Moreover, the degree to which these systems have been evaluated and validated is heterogeneous. We use the term DR AI system as a general term for any system that interprets retinal images with at least some degree of autonomy from a human grader. We put forth these standardized descriptors to form a means to categorize systems for computer-assisted and fully automated detection, triage, and diagnosis of DR. The components of the categorization system include level of device autonomy, intended use, level of evidence for diagnostic accuracy, and system design.</i> <b> <i>Conclusion:</i> </b> <i>There is currently minimal empirical basis to assert that certain combinations of autonomy, accuracy, or intended use are better or more appropriate than any other. Therefore, at the current stage of development of this document, we have been descriptive rather than prescriptive, and we treat the different categorizations as independent and organized along multiple axes.</i>
Surface modification of neural stimulating/recording electrodes with high-performance platinum nano-leaf coatings (2017)

This paper reports a novel surface modification method using platinum (Pt) nano-leaf coatings which can significantly improve electrochemical performances of microelectrodes arrays (MEAs) for neural stimulating or recording. Three dimensional nano-leaves have been deposited on Pt electrodes using a constant potential electrodeposition. After deposition, the typical electrochemical impedance of an Pt electrode (150 μm in diameter) declined significantly from 45.7 kΩ to 1.44 kΩ at 1 kHz, while the cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCc) vital for effective stimulation increased by more than 35 times. This modification also showed excellent long term stability.
Poly(phenylenevinylene)-Attached Phenoxyl Radicals:  Ferromagnetic Interaction through Planarized and π-Conjugated Skeletons (1996)

Chemically stable poly[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxyphenyl)-1,4(p)-phenylenevinylene], poly[4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxyphenyl)-1,3(m)-phenylenevinylene], and poly[4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxyphenyl)-1,2(o)-phenylenevinylene] were synthesized via the polymerization of 4-bromo-2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-acetoxyphenyl)styrene, 5-bromo-2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-acetoxyphenyl)styrene, and 2-bromo-4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-acetoxyphenyl)styrene, respectively, using a palladium catalyst. The o- and p-polyradicals, even with their spin concentration of 0.6 spin/unit, displayed S values of 4/2 to 5/2 (S = 5/2 for the o-polyradical with a degree of polymerization of 17 and a spin concentration of 0.68), while the m-polyradical has a singlet ground state. A long-range intramolecular through-bond ferromagnetic exchange interaction was realized between the pendant unpaired electrons for the o- and p-polyradicals, in accordance with theoretical predictions based on the molecular connectivity. The average value of the exchange coupling constant for the o-polyradical, 2J̄ = 48 ± 6 cm-1, was larger than 2J̄ = 32 ± 2 cm-1 for the p-polyradical, while they were almost coincident with or much larger than the exchange coupling constants for the corresponding diradical model compounds. Both force field calculations and spectroscopic results indicated a less hindered steric structure with a planarized π-conjugated skeleton for the o-polyradical.
Multifunctional Virus Manipulation with Large‐Scale Arrays of All‐Dielectric Resonant Nanocavities (2022)

Abstract Spatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the extensive studies of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it is still challenging to efficiently trap and manipulate arbitrary number of viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of multifunctional spatial manipulation techniques. Here, by employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, multifunctional virus manipulation with a large trapping area is demonstrated, enabling single or massive (a large quantity of) virus transporting, positioning, patterning, sorting, and concentrating. The enhanced optical forces are produced by the confinement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities by fine tuning of the interference resonances, and this approach allows trapping and moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. The work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single or massive groups of viruses, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis and inhibitor development at the single‐virus level.
Influence of conformational changes of co(III)–poly‐N‐vinyl‐2‐methylimidazole complexes on electron‐transfer reactions of the complexes (1974)

Abstract In order to study the effect of conformational changes in electron‐transfer reactions of Co(III)–polymer complexes, cis ‐[Co(III)(en) 2 LCl]Cl 2 , where the ligand L is PVI(poly‐ N ‐vinyl‐2‐methylimidazole) or NEI ( N ‐ethylimidazole), was prepared. Electrontransfer reactions with ferrous sulfate or FeEDTA 2− were examined mainly with respect to the effects of the degree of coordination, ionic strength, composition of reaction solvent, in relation to the conformational changes. In the reduction by FeEDTA 2− , an increase in the degree of coordination of Co(III)–PVI brought about an extreme increase in its reactivity, while it was almost unity in the reduction by ferrous sulfate. With an increase in the ionic strength, the reactivity decreased due to the electrostatic shielding in the reduction by FeEDTA 2− . It was noticed that the reaction of Co(III)–PVI was much more enthalpically disadvantageous due to the shrinkage of the polymer chain than that of Co(III)–NEI, when neutral salts were added. In an aqueous alcoholic solvent, an increase in the alcohol concentration accelerated the reaction with FeEDTA 2− , and especially in the reaction of Co(III)‐PVI, the maximum and minimum points of the reactivity were observed. On increasing the reaction temperature, the maximum and minimum points shifted to lower alcohol concentration. These phenomena are discussed in regard to the conformational changes of Co(III)–PVI.
Effects of a Highly Selective Acetylcholine-Activated K + Channel Blocker on Experimental Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

A selective I(K,ACh) blockade induced by NTC-801 exerted anti-AF effects mediated by atrial-selective effective refractory period prolongation. These findings suggest that I(K,ACh) may be important in the development and maintenance of AF.
Optical holographic planar interconnections: an integrated optics approach (1988)

The large bandwidth, immunity to interference, large fanout, and electrical isolation provided by optical communication techniques have led to recent interest in optical VLSI interconnection. Due to the advantages of highly parallel and global communications in optical holographic interconnects, optical holography has become an appealing alternative to wired interconnections (such as channel waveguides and fibers) on several levels of communication hierarchy within VLSI interconnect systems.
Extending 1.35 NA immersion lithography down to 1x nm production nodes (2012)

Mainstream high-end lithography is currently focusing on 32 nm node and 22 nm node where 1.35 NA immersion technology is well established for the most critical layers. Double-patterning and spacer-patterning techniques have been developed and are being widely used to print the most critical layers. Further down the lithography roadmap we see 1x nm nodes coming where EUV lithography will take over critical layers from immersion. In order to enable a smooth industry-wide transition towards EUV, 1.35 NA immersion technology will continue to play a critical role in manufacturing front end layers in the coming years. Using immersion technology beyond the 22 nm node, we expect an increase in the use of double and even quadruple patterning technology for the critical layers. This demands tighter control of especially overlay and focus performance on the 1.35 NA immersion tools. Also fully flexible illumination and wave front control will be needed to optimize the contrast for these low k1 applications. In this paper we present the state-of-the-art system performance of today's 1.35 NA ArF immersion tool production workhorse, the TWINSCAN NXT:1950i. Furthermore we show the required scanner improvements on imaging, overlay and cost of ownership to enable device shrink below the 20 nm node in 2013 using immersion technology.
8×48 Transponder Aggregator Subsystem Using Silicon Switch Modules for Flexible Photonic Network (2014)

We present 8x48 Transponder Aggregator subsystem using compact 8x8 silicon photonic switch modules and simple control circuit. Averaged optical insertion loss of 25.1 dB on all optical paths and 1.2-ms switching speed are achieved.
Flammer syndrome (2014)

The new term Flammer syndrome describes a phenotype characterized by the presence of primary vascular dysregulation together with a cluster of symptoms and signs that may occur in healthy people as well as people with disease. Typically, the blood vessels of the subjects with Flammer syndrome react differently to a number of stimuli, such as cold and physical or emotional stress. Nearly all organs, particularly the eye, can be involved. Although the syndrome has some advantages, such as protection against the development of atherosclerosis, Flammer syndrome also contributes to certain diseases, such as normal tension glaucoma. The syndrome occurs more often in women than in men, in slender people than in obese subjects, in people with indoor rather than outdoor jobs, and in academics than in blue collar workers. Affected subjects tend to have cold extremities, low blood pressure, prolonged sleep onset time, shifted circadian rhythm, reduced feeling of thirst, altered drug sensitivity, and increased general sensitivity, including pain sensitivity. The plasma level of endothelin-1 is slightly increased, and the gene expression in lymphocytes is changed. In the eye, the retinal vessels are stiffer and their spatial variability larger; the autoregulation of ocular blood flow is decreased. Glaucoma patients with Flammer syndrome have an increased frequency of the following: optic disc hemorrhages, activated retinal astrocytes, elevated retinal venous pressure, optic nerve compartmentalization, fluctuating diffuse visual field defects, and elevated oxidative stress. Further research should lead to a more concise definition, a precise diagnosis, and tools for recognizing people at risk. This may ultimately lead to more efficient and more personalized treatment.
New Ablation Technologies and Techniques (2014)

Catheter ablation is an established treatment strategy for a range of different cardiac arrhythmias. Over the past decade two major areas of expansion have been ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the context of structurally abnormal hearts. In parallel with the expanding role of catheter ablation for AF and VT, multiple novel technologies have been developed which aim to increase safety and procedural success. Areas of development include novel catheter designs, novel navigation technologies and higher resolution imaging techniques. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of novel developments in AF ablation and VT ablation in patients with of structural cardiac diseases.
A single-use, size-specific, nylon arthroplasty guide: a preliminary study for hip resurfacing (2019)

A single-use, size-specific nylon guide was effective in acquiring a higher accuracy and precision in anteversion and insertion point than a conventional guide in this synthetic bone, hip resurfacing arthroplasty study. The use of single-use guides in other orthopaedic procedures should be explored.
Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: Prevention, Early Recognition, and Supportive Measures (2018)

According to current Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, AKI diagnosis is based on 2 functional markers, serum creatinine increase and urine output decrease, that are not renal-specific and have important limitations. However, preoperative risk stratification for postoperative AKI and/or early diagnosis after surgery could be the best way to apply preventive or timely supportive therapeutic measures. Clinical prediction scores, renal functional reserve assessment, and new biomarkers of kidney stress (suppression of tumorigenicity-2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2) may help the clinicians to identify patients at risk of AKI and that could benefit from the application of nephroprotective bundles suggested by the KDIGO guidelines. In severe AKI patients with oligoanuria and fluid accumulation, renal replacement therapy is the only supportive measure even if mode and timing remain open to investigation. Key messages: Perioperative AKI is an important and underdiagnosed complication. Identifying patients at high risk of AKI and diagnosing AKI early are major goals. Preventive interventions are mainly based on the KDIGO guidelines and bundles. Furthermore, a personalized multidisciplinary approach should always be considered to minimize the progression of disease and the complications related to kidney damage.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Test and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test in the Diagnosis of Gonadotropin Deficiency in Prepubertal Boys (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1986Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Test and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test in the Diagnosis of Gonadotropin Deficiency in Prepubertal Boys L. Dunkel, J. Perheentupa, M. Virtanen, and J. Mäenpää L. DunkelL. Dunkel More articles by this author , J. PerheentupaJ. Perheentupa More articles by this author , M. VirtanenM. Virtanen More articles by this author , and J. MäenpääJ. Mäenpää More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45679-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Test and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test in the Diagnosis of Gonadotropin Deficiency in Prepubertal Boys." The Journal of Urology, 135(2), p. 446 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 135Issue 2February 1986Page: 446 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information L. Dunkel More articles by this author J. Perheentupa More articles by this author M. Virtanen More articles by this author J. Mäenpää More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Review of the relativistic magnetron (2019)

The cavity magnetron is the most compact, efficient source of high-power microwave (HPM) radiation. The imprint that the magnetron has had on the world is comparable to the invention of the nuclear bomb. High- and low-power magnetrons are used in many applications, such as radar systems, plasma generation for semiconductor processing, and—the most common—microwave ovens for personal and industrial use. Since the invention of the magnetron in 1921 by Hull, scientists and engineers have improved and optimized magnetron technology by altering the geometry, materials, and operating conditions, as well as by identifying applications. A major step in advancing magnetrons was the relativistic magnetron introduced by Bekefi and Orzechowski at MIT (USA, 1976), followed by the invention of the relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) by Kovalev and Fuks at the Institute of Applied Physics (Soviet Union, 1977). The performance of relativistic magnetrons did not advance significantly thereafter until researchers at the University of Michigan and University of New Mexico (UNM) independently introduced new priming techniques and new cathode topologies in the 2000s, and researchers in Japan identified a flaw in the original Soviet MDO design. Recently, the efficiency of the MDO has reached 92% with the introduction of a virtual cathode and magnetic mirror, proposed by Fuks and Schamiloglu at UNM (2018). This article presents a historical review of the progression of the magnetron from a device intended to operate as a high-voltage switch controlled by the magnetic field that Hull published in 1921, to the most compact and efficient HPM source in the twenty-first century.
Three-Gene Expression Signature Predicts Survival in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (2008)

The three-gene signature is strongly associated with prognosis in early-stage SCC. Positive independent validation suggests its suitability for selecting SCC patients with an increased risk of death who might benefit from adjuvant treatment.
Clinical evaluation of pulmonary nodules with single-exposure dual-energy subtraction chest radiography with an iterative noise-reduction algorithm. (1995)

The iterative noise-reduction algorithm is superior to conventional methods in detection of pulmonary nodules.