gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Merging biomass and CO2 utilization; process design and assessment on simultaneous production of lactic acid and formic acid from glycerol and CO2 (2023)

Biomass and CO2 conversion is receiving great attention to address climate change and energy crisis. Bio-based lactic acid (LA) appeals industries, however, current technologies suffer from low productivity and waste production. The transfer hydrogenation of glycerol and CO2 to LA and formic acid (FA) has been proposed as an alternative pathway, but further development and process design are required. This study proposes the integrated process for conversion of glycerol and CO2 to LA and FA derivatives. A two-pot/two-step transfer hydrogenation was demonstrated to achieve high products yield, catalyst reusability, and product separation. The esterification of lactate and formate salts to corresponding esters utilizing CO2 was also developed, which reduces H2SO4 consumption and K2SO4 waste. Techno-economic and life cycle assessments reveal that CO2 utilization is crucial for high economic benefit and low climate change impact. This study shows integrating biomass and CO2 could have synergies to design greener process.
Novel Thiol‐Based TACE Inhibitors: Rational Design, Synthesis, and SAR of Thiol‐Containing Aryl Sulfonamides. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optimised contrast enhanced nanoCT for volumetric analyses of in vitro manufactured tissue-engineered bone constructs (2013)

Introduction and aim As the field of tissue engineering (TE) matures, there is a growing need for novel imaging techniques for the characterisation of engineered constructs (i.e. cells/tissue combined with scaffolds) in a more insightful and quantitative manner. In a proof of concept study, we showed that combining the high spatial and contrast resolution of nanofocus computed tomography (nanoCT) with two different contrast agents allowed the visualisation and quantification of the neo-tissue formed in the TE constructs. Although the contrast difference between the cell-matrix fraction of the construct and the background was increased, the image quality was still limited because of metal-related image artefacts thus hindering accurate quantification in the entire scaffold. Using a design of experiment (DoE) approach we subsequently optimised the quality of the obtained datasets allowing the determination of the optimum staining time, contrast agent concentration and matrix quantity combinations. Materials, Methods and Results TE constructs were produced using Ti6Al4V scaffolds, which were seeded with human periosteal derived cells. The constructs were subsequently cultured in a 3D perfusion bioreactor system or in a static 3D setup to allow cell proliferation and matrix deposition. Post production the TE constructs were stained with Hexabrixâ¢ or Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) prior to scanning using a Phoenix NanoTom S (GE Measurement and Control Solutions). The proof of principle study showed that the contrast enhanced nanoCT enabled the visualisation and quantification of the neo-tissue. For the Hexabrixâ¢ stained datasets a correlation between the volume and the weight of the neo-tissue could be determined indicating that this contrast agent enables the visualisation and quantification of the entire neo-tissue fraction in the TE constructs. The DoE study showed that the image quality of the Hexabrixâ¢ stained constructs was significantly influenced by the concentration of the staining agent. For the most optimal concentration, the image artefacts no longer affected the quantification of the ECM content. For the PTA stained constructs, staining time and concentration as well as the cell-matrix quantity had a significant effect on the contrast. Although for the most optimal staining conditions the influence of the image artefacts on the quantification of the ECM content was reduced, it could not completely be excluded. Conclusion CE-nanoCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows 3D visualization and quantification of in vitro engineered neo-tissueâs in TE constructs. In this study, we have shown, using a DoE approach that, when using an optimised sample preparation and staining protocol, highly quantitative datasets could be obtained despite the fact that the construct contained a metal-based scaffold.
Reconfiguration of Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters Using RF-MEMS Switches and CMOS Transistors (2010)

International audience
5-(Aminomethyl)-3-aryldihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones, a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inactivators (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-(Aminomethyl)-3-aryldihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones, a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inactivatorsZhaozhong Ding and Richard B. SilvermanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 5, 885–889Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00083a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00083a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Genomic Relationship Between Primary Breast Carcinomas and Their Nodal Metastases (2011)

We screened the whole tumor genome to identify DNA copy number gains and losses that discriminate between primary breast carcinomas (MP) and their nodal metastases (ML). Six candidate genes were confirmed by quantitative PCR to have differentially distributed copy number changes. Three of the genes (ERRγ, DDX6, and TIAM1) were more commonly amplified in nodal metastases. Principal component analysis revealed that MP-ML pairs varied markedly in their genomic divergence. The latter was larger in PR-negative tumors. Nodal metastases may form early or late in the development of breast carcinomas and PR-negative tumors may metastasize earlier or are genomically less stable.
Alternative interfaces for chat (1999)

We describe some common problems experienced by users of computer-based text chat, and show how many of these problems relate to the loss of timing-specific information. We suggest that thinking of chat as a real-time streaming media data type, with status and channel indicators, might solve some of these problems. We then present a number of alternative chat interfaces along with results from user studies comparing and contrasting them both with each other and with the standard chat interface. These studies show some potential, but indicate that more work needs to be done.
Diversity measure minimization based method for computing sparse solutions to linear inverse problems with multiple measurement vectors (2004)

The problem of computing sparse solutions to linear inverse problems arises in a large number of signal processing application areas. We address the problem of finding sparse solutions to linear inverse problems when there are multiple measurement vectors (MMV) and the solutions are assumed to have a common, but unknown, sparsity profile. This is an important extension to the single measurement sparse solution problem that has been extensively studied in the past. Of particular interest are methods based on minimizing diversity measures. A measure appropriate for the multiple measurement problem is developed, and an algorithm is derived based on its minimization. The algorithm developed, M-FOCUSS, generalizes the focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) algorithm developed for the single measurement case. The convergence of the algorithm is established and a simulation study is conducted to evaluate its effectiveness. The results clearly show the ability of M-FOCUSS to utilize multiple measurement vectors for accurate identification of the sparsity structure and sparse solution computation.
Telomerase activity as a novel marker of lung cancer and immune-associated lung diseases. (1998)

Telomerase maintains telomere length and is considered to be necessary for the indefinite proliferation of human cells. Telomerase activity is detected not only in germline and immortal cancer cells, but also in stem/progenitor cells of renewal tissues and activated lymphocytes. While it is generally agreed that telomerase is a useful tumor marker, the utility of telomerase activity in non-cancerous cells should also be considered. In the present study, we quantitatively examined telomerase activity in 56 cytology samples and 106 bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from patients with various respiratory diseases. Fourteen of 34 samples obtained from lung cancer patients showed detectable telomerase activity, while only 7 of 128 samples obtained from patients without lung cancer did (p<0.001). Moreover, 12 of 14 telomerase-positive samples with lung cancer showed strong signals, while none without lung cancer did. Among 106 non-cancerous bronchoalveolar lavage samples, 4 telomerase positive samples had increased number of lymphocytes and increased disease progression. These findings indicate that evaluation of telomerase activity may not only be a useful diagnostic test for lung cancer, but may also be a marker of disease aggressiveness for immune-associated lung diseases.
Allergic diseases in India – Prevalence, risk factors and current challenges (2022)

Epidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India during the last two decades. However, recent evidence from the Global Asthma Network study has observed a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis in children. Still, with a population over 1.3 billion, there is a huge burden of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, and this is compounded by an unmet demand for trained allergy specialists and poor health service framework. There is wide variation in the prevalence of allergic diseases between different geographical locations in India, and the reasons are unclear at present. This may at least in part be attributable to considerable heterogeneity in aero-biology, weather, air pollution levels, cultural and religious factors, diet, socioeconomic strata and literacy. At present, factors enhancing risks and those protecting from development of atopy and allergic diseases have not been well delineated, although there is some evidence for the influence of genetic factors alongside cultural and environmental variables such as diet, exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution and residence in urban areas. This narrative review provides an overview of data from India regarding epidemiology, risk factors and genetics and highlights gaps in evidence as well as areas for future research.
Negative prognostic impact of regulatory T cell infiltration in surgically resected esophageal cancer post-radiochemotherapy (2015)

Ever accumulating evidence indicates that the long-term effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy largely depend on the induction (or restoration) of an anticancer immune response. Here, we investigated this paradigm in the context of esophageal carcinomas treated by neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy, in a cohort encompassing 196 patients. We found that the density of the FOXP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltrate present in the residual tumor (or its scar) correlated with the pathological response (the less Tregs the more pronounced was the histological response) and predicted cancer-specific survival. In contrast, there was no significant clinical impact of the frequency of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. At difference with breast or colorectal cancer, a loss-of-function allele of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) improved cancer-specific survival of patients with esophageal cancer. While a loss-of-function allele of purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 (P2RX7) failed to affect cancer-specific survival, its presence did correlate with an increase in Treg infiltration. Altogether, these results corroborate the notion that the immunosurveillance seals the fate of patients with esophageal carcinomas treated with conventional radiochemotherapy.
Tunable silicon Fabry-Perot microcavity (2004)

Abstract. We demonstrate a 20-vm-long tnnable optical Fabry-Perot resonator integrated on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. The device is electrically driven and shows a modulation depth as high as 53 % for a power consumption of only 20 mW.
Self-organization of photo-active nanostructures: general discussion (2015)

Frank Würthner opened a general discussion of the paper by George Pistolis: In your squares there is an orthogonal arrangement of the transition dipoles. Could you please explain why the Förster mechanism still enables efficient energy transfer leading to fluorescence depolarization? Furthermor
Electric field distribution within a metallic cylindrical specimen for the case of an ideal two-probe impedance measurement (2007)

A closed form analytical solution for the electric field distribution inside a metallic cylindrical disk specimen has been derived for the problem of a two-probe impedance measurement. A two-probe impedance measurement can be treated as current injection and extraction by means of source and sink electrodes that are placed on opposite sides of a specimen. The analytical formulation is based on Maxwell’s equations for conductors and the derivation has been conducted on the premise of continuum considerations within the specimen. The derived field expressions for axial [Ez(r,z)] and radial [Er(r,z)] fields are expressed in terms of Bessel series. As an extension to this problem, a semi-infinite solution is also given for the case of an infinitely long cylinder. The analytical solutions thus derived have been verified by computer simulations using a commercially available finite element package. The electric field distributions inside the specimen obtained via analytical and finite element solutions are in excellent agreement with each other. The dependence of skin-effect and constriction behaviors on specimen geometry (radius r0 and thickness t0) and contact radius of the electrode (rc) has been investigated by varying them in a systematic fashion. The skin-effect behavior at high frequencies is strictly a function of the dimensions of the disk (r0,t0) and is independent of the contact radius of the electrodes (rc). The constriction behavior, however, is predominantly governed by rc, although it depends on all three geometric parameters. Lastly, the idea of a limiting thickness (t0,lim) and a limiting field profile ( ∣Ez,lim∣z=t0,lim∕2) is discussed so as to determine the range of applicability of the analytical solutions. The analytical solution derived for the disk shows good agreement with the finite element solutions for all values of t0, while the semi-infinite solution is only valid for large values of t0.
Identification of small aromatic ligands to GABA-A receptor associated protein GABARAP (2007)

Type-A receptors for the neurotransmitter GABA (gammaaminobutyric acid) are ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate inhibitory neuro-transmission. The 14 kDa GABA-A receptor associated protein GABARAP interacts with the gamma2 subunit of GABA-A receptor and modulates channel kinetics and promotes channel clustering. GABARAP is involved in receptor trafficking and targeting to GABAergic synapses.
On Finding maximally redundant trees in strictly linear time (2009)

Redundant trees are commonly used for protection and restoration in communications networks. Zhang et al. presented a linear time algorithm to compute node-redundant trees in 2-node-connected networks, which has become widely cited in the literature. In this paper, we show that it is difficult to implement this algorithm providing both correctness and linear complexity at the same time. Therefore, we present a revised algorithm with strict linear time complexity. Moreover, we generalize the concept of node-redundant trees from 2-node-connected networks to arbitrary topologies, a crucial development since real networks can not always satisfy 2-connectedness, especially after a failure.
Effects of dalfampridine and its metabolites on cloned human potassium channels Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.4 expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (2013)

3-Hydroxy-4-aminopyridine and 3-hydroxy-4-aminopyridine sulfate demonstrated low in vitro potency for Kv 1.1, Kv 1.2, and Kv 1.4 inhibition, suggesting that these metabolites are unlikely to contribute to the positive pharmacodynamic effects of 4-AP. A limitation of this study is that while the metabolites were substantially less active at these representative potassium channels in vitro, the untested possibility exists that they may be active at one or more of the many other channel types that occur in vivo.
Viscous Flow Around Marine Propellers Using Boundary-Layer Strip Theory (1994)

This paper presents a method to analyze the viscous flow around marine propellers using boundary layer strip theory. A state-of-the-art two-dimensional boundary-layer formulation is coupled to a state-of-the-art perturbation potential panel method used in marine propeller flow analysis. The coupling procedure is applied along strips of the blade where two-dimensional boundary-layer flow is assumed. For this paper these strips were assumed to be constant radial strips of the blade. The resulting method is applied to a conventional marine propeller and comparisons to experiments are given. Results include the global quantities of thrust, torque, and efficiency and the local strip quantities of displacement thickness and section drag coefficient. The resulting comparisons, showing the applicability of the method to conventional marine propellers, are quite good.
Comparison of methods for serotyping isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (1985)

This study compared four methods for serotyping isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. Slide agglutination with commercial antisera (Difco Laboratories and Wellcome Diagnostics), coagglutination (Phadebact Haemophilus Test [Pharmacia Fine Chemicals]), latex agglutination with affinity-purified anticapsular antibody, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis with multiple antisera were used to serotype 80 isolates of H. influenzae. Coagglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis correctly identified all 80 isolates as either type b or not type b. Slide agglutination and latex agglutination each successfully identified 76 of the 80 isolates; however, each of these two methods failed to type four isolates because of agglutination of controls. We recommend slide agglutination or coagglutination as the serotyping methods of choice in most laboratories because they are simple, accurate, and rapid. Slide agglutination with Difco antiserum can be performed at the lowest cost.
Controlled local filament growth and dissolution in Ag–Ge–Se (2008)

Abstract Memory cells based on the cation migration and filament formation and rupture in a solid electrolyte have attracted much interest due to low switching voltages and a prospective high scalability. In this study we indirectly visualized the growth and dissolution of the conductive filament in Ag–Ge–Se samples with Ag bottom electrodes by surface analysis with Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM). By application of a negative voltage to the inert CAFM tip, conductive filaments were grown on the scanned area and they were dissolved under reversed bias. The local conductivity changes directly corresponded to changes in the topography, i.e. to the filament protrusion and dissolution. Topography changes could be circumvented by limiting the maximum current. By placing the CAFM tip on a random spot on the sample, filaments with a diameter as low as 20 nm were grown by local current–voltage measurements. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transcription Factors MYOCD, SRF, Mesp1 and SMARCD3 Enhance the Cardio-Inducing Effect of GATA4, TBX5, and MEF2C during Direct Cellular Reprogramming (2013)

Transient overexpression of defined combinations of master regulator genes can effectively induce cellular reprogramming: the acquisition of an alternative predicted phenotype from a differentiated cell lineage. This can be of particular importance in cardiac regenerative medicine wherein the heart lacks the capacity to heal itself, but simultaneously contains a large pool of fibroblasts. In this study we determined the cardio-inducing capacity of ten transcription factors to actuate cellular reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Overexpression of transcription factors MYOCD and SRF alone or in conjunction with Mesp1 and SMARCD3 enhanced the basal but necessary cardio-inducing effect of the previously reported GATA4, TBX5, and MEF2C. In particular, combinations of five or seven transcription factors enhanced the activation of cardiac reporter vectors, and induced an upregulation of cardiac-specific genes. Global gene expression analysis also demonstrated a significantly greater cardio-inducing effect when the transcription factors MYOCD and SRF were used. Detection of cross-striated cells was highly dependent on the cell culture conditions and was enhanced by the addition of valproic acid and JAK inhibitor. Although we detected Ca(2+) transient oscillations in the reprogrammed cells, we did not detect significant changes in resting membrane potential or spontaneously contracting cells. This study further elucidates the cardio-inducing effect of the transcriptional networks involved in cardiac cellular reprogramming, contributing to the ongoing rational design of a robust protocol required for cardiac regenerative therapies.
Undoing of soliton interaction byoptical phase conjugation (1994)

The undoing of soliton interaction by optical phase conjugation in the presence of third-order dispersion and fibre loss which is compensated for by optical amplifiers are studied. If the conjugator is applied before there are significant changes in the pulse shapes, the soliton interaction can be undone well.
High-activity Au/CuO–ZnO catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature (1997)

Ambient temperature CO oxidation has been studied with Au/ZnO, Au/CuO and Au/CuO–ZnO catalysts prepared by a coprecipitation method. The catalysts are highly active for CO oxidation and are capable of sustained activity at 20°C. The highest activity is observed with Au/ZnO and this catalyst is shown, using transmission electron microscopy, to be comprised of smaller Au metal particles (2–5 nm) and a higher Au dispersion when compared with the other catalysts.