gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saponin and fluorine-modified polycation as a versatile gene delivery system (2022)

Despite the development of many novel carriers for the delivery of various types of genetic material, the lack of a delivery system with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity is a major bottleneck. Herein, low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI<sub>1.8k</sub>) was functionalized with saponin residues using phenylboronic acid (PBA) as an ATP-responsive cross-linker, and a fluorinated side chain to construct PEI-PBA-SAP-F polycation as a highly efficient delivery vector. This vehicle could transfect small plasmid DNA (∼3 kb) with outstanding efficiency into various cells, including HEK 293T, NIH3T3, A549, PC12, MCF7 and HT-29, as well as robust transfection of a large plasmid (∼9 kb) into HEK 293T cells. The carrier indicated good transfection efficacy even at high concentration of serum and low doses of plasmid. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-out analysis demonstrated transfection of different types of CRISPR/Cas9 complexes (Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteins RNP, plasmid encoding Cas9 plus sgRNA targeting GFP, Cas9 expression plasmid plus<i>in vitro</i>-prepared sgRNA). In summary, we report an effective PEI-PBA-SAP-F gene carrier with the appropriate lipophilic/cationic balance for biomedical applications.
RE: Is There a Correlation Between Androgens and Sexual Desire in Women? (2015)

Journal Article RE: Is There a Correlation Between Androgens and Sexual Desire in Women? Get access Rosemary Basson, MD, FRCP(UK), Rosemary Basson, MD, FRCP(UK) PsychiatryUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Allan Young, MD, PhD, FRCPsyche, FRCP(C), Allan Young, MD, PhD, FRCPsyche, FRCP(C) Psychological MedicineKing's College, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lori A. Brotto, PhD, Lori A. Brotto, PhD Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Miriam Driscoll, MD, FRCP(C), Miriam Driscoll, MD, FRCP(C) PsychiatryUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shauna Correia, MD, FRCP(C), Shauna Correia, MD, FRCP(C) PsychiatryUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fernand Labrie, MD, PhD Fernand Labrie, MD, PhD Laval University HospitalResearch Center in Molecular Endocrinology, Oncology, and Human GenomicsLaval University, Laval, QC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Volume 12, Issue 7, July 2015, Pages 1654–1655, https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12892 Published: 01 July 2015
Dynamics of a microflight mechanism with magnetic rotational wings in an alternating magnetic field (2002)

Dynamics of a three-dimensionally movable microflight mechanism were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The microflight mechanism is composed of magnetic rotational wings that rotate and generate thrust in an alternating magnetic field and a body with magnetic anisotropy that contributes to attitude control. The device consisted of 2.5-mm-long wings weighing 3.5 mg which were fabricated with MEMS technology. A wing rotational frequency of 500 Hz provided enough thrust for liftoff. Experimental data obtained through high-speed camera images show good agreement with theory and also quantify the magnetic anisotropy of the microflight mechanism, which cannot be estimated theoretically. Simultaneous actuation and attitude control by an external magnetic field presented herein, which culminated in simplification and small weight of the device and thus the successful flight, is applicable to other MEMS devices.
Derivatives of 4‐amino‐3,6‐disulfonato‐1, 8‐naphthalimide inhibit reverse transcriptase and suppress human and feline immunodeficiency virus expression in cultured cells (1993)

Abstract We have developed a series of 4‐amino‐3,6‐disulfonato‐1,8‐naphthalimide (ADSN) derivatives in an attempt to create nontoxic compounds effective against lentivirus infections. The ADSN derivative Lucifer Yellow CH ([N‐(hydra zinocarbonyl)amino]‐4‐amino‐3,6‐disulfonato‐1,8‐naphthalimide) (LYCH) was chosen as a parent compound because of its low toxicity in vivo and in vitro and its tendency to accumulate in monocyte/macrophages, a major reservoir for lentiviruses in vivo. Several ADSN derivatives inhibited reverse transcriptases (RTs) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Viral expression in HIV‐infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was inhibited by noncytotoxic concentrations of two ADSN derivatives, designated A 4 (biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxaldehyde, Lucifer Yellow CH monohydrazone; EC 50 = 29 μ M after 6 days) and H4 (biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxaldehyde, Lucifer Yellow CH dihydrazone; EC 50 = 5.61 μ M). A4 effectively suppressed the expression of FIV in infected Crandall feline kidney fibroblasts (CRFK) at 46.2 μ M, reducing the RT levels by 97% after 19 days under conditions allowing direct cell‐to‐cell transmission of the virus. The viability of drug‐treated FIV‐infected CRFK cells increased significantly in the presence of A4 relative to the viability of untreated virus‐infected cells. In contrast to A4 and H4 , LYCH (which lacks the appended aromatic rings characteristic of A4 and H4 ) had no inhibitory effects on either virus and did not inhibit RT ex vivo. However, flow cytometry studies showed that both A4 and LYCH accumulate in two cell types that can support lentiviral infections: U937 human monocytic leukemic cells that have been induced to differentiate by using tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and CRFK cells.
3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle and Hindfoot Tendon Pathology (2009)

Ankle tendon pathology is relatively common in the active adult population. Magnetic resonance imaging is often the preferred advanced imaging option for the evaluation of tendon pathology of the hindfoot and ankle. The almost linear increase in signal-to-noise ratio provided by higher field strength imaging allows for improved image resolution and decreased scan times. Newer systems with faster gradients allow for optimal fast spin-echo imaging with lower echo spacing for longer echo train lengths and minimal image blurring. The ability to comfortably scan the ankle within the magnet isocenter using high-field strength-compatible extremity coils further maximizes the image resolution. It is imperative for the radiologist to be aware of necessary protocol adjustments and potential imaging artifacts unique to high-field strength imaging of the ankle. Our review outlines high-field strength magnetic resonance imaging technique and artifacts and also details the specifics of our own methods of ankle imaging.
[Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring]. (2008)

Requesting a blood level measurement of a drug is part of the global approach known as "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring". Diverse situations require this monitoring approach, such as inadequate response to treatment or organ failure. Every drug however does not possess all the characteristics for a TDM program. The therapeutic range of a TDM drug has indeed to be narrow and its interindividual pharmacokinetic variability to be wide. As the development of new drugs is currently slowing down, the precise management of existing treatments certainly deserves progress, but needs however to be applied rationally, starting from a valid indication to blood sampling, and ending with a sound dosage adaptation decision.
Ultrafast-pulse self-phase modulation and third-order dispersion in Si photonic wire-waveguides (2006)

By propagating femtosecond pulses inside submicron-crosssection Si photonic-wire waveguides with anomalous dispersion, we demonstrate that the pulse-propagation dynamics is strongly influenced by the combined action of optical nonlinearity and up to third-order dispersion with minimal carrier effects. Because of strong light confinement, a nonlinear phase shift of a few pi due to self-phase modulation is observed at a pulse peak-power of just ~250 mW. We also observe soliton-emitted radiation, fully supported by theoretical analysis, from which we determine directly the third-order dispersion coefficient, beta(3) = -0.73 +/- 0.05 ps(3)/m at 1537 nm.
Competitive Fitness of Oseltamivir-Sensitive and -Resistant Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Viruses in a Ferret Model (2010)

The fitness of oseltamivir-resistant highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses has important clinical implications. We generated recombinant human A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN; clade 1) and A/Turkey/15/06 (TK; clade 2.2) influenza viruses containing the H274Y neuraminidase (NA) mutation, which confers resistance to NA inhibitors, and compared the fitness levels of the wild-type (WT) and resistant virus pairs in ferrets. The VN-H274Y and VN-WT viruses replicated to similar titers in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and caused comparable disease signs, and none of the animals survived. On days 1 to 3 postinoculation, disease signs caused by oseltamivir-resistant TK-H274Y virus were milder than those caused by TK-WT virus, and all animals survived. We then studied fitness by using a novel approach. We coinoculated ferrets with different ratios of oseltamivir-resistant and -sensitive H5N1 viruses and measured the proportion of clones in day-6 nasal washes that contained the H274Y NA mutation. Although the proportion of VN-H274Y clones increased consistently, that of TK-H274Y virus decreased. Mutations within NA catalytic (R292K) and framework (E119A/K, I222L, H274L, and N294S) sites or near the NA enzyme active site (V116I, I117T/V, Q136H, K150N, and A250T) emerged spontaneously (without drug pressure) in both pairs of viruses. The NA substitutions I254V and E276A could exert a compensatory effect on the fitness of VN-H274Y and TK-H274Y viruses. NA enzymatic function was reduced in both drug-resistant H5N1 viruses. These results show that the H274Y NA mutation affects the fitness of two H5N1 influenza viruses differently. Our novel method of assessing viral fitness accounts for both virus-host interactions and virus-virus interactions within the host.
Cyanine dyes with high-absorbance cross section as donor chromophores in energy transfer labels (2023)

Cyanine dyes are used as the donor fluorophore in energy transfer labels in which light energy is absorbed by a donor fluorophore and transferred to an acceptor fluorophore which responds to the transfer by emitting fluorescent light for detection. The cyanine dyes impart an unusually high sensitivity to the labels thereby improving their usefulness in a wide variety of biochemical procedures, particularly nucleic acid sequencing, nucleic acid fragment sizing, and related procedures.
Evolving Bipartite Authentication Graph Partitions (2017)

As large scale enterprise computer networks become more ubiquitous, finding the appropriate balance between user convenience and user access control is an increasingly challenging proposition. Suboptimal partitioning of users' access and available services contributes to the vulnerability of enterprise networks. Previous edge-cut partitioning methods unduly restrict users' access to network resources. This paper introduces a novel method of network partitioning superior to the current state-of-the-art which minimizes user impact by providing alternate avenues for access that reduce vulnerability. Networks are modeled as bipartite authentication access graphs and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to simultaneously minimize the size of large connected components while minimizing overall restrictions on network users. Results are presented on a real world data set that demonstrates the effectiveness of the introduced method compared to previous naive methods.
Divergence was estimated by using the human (GenBank: ) and chimpanzee (this study, Genbank: ) reference sequences alone or by incorporating the diversity data obtained from re-sequencing for one or both species into the calculations (2011)

The re-sequencing data for human (n = 95) originated from the published study[] and for chimpanzee (n = 11) from the unpublished dataset of the authors.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "High divergence in primate-specific duplicated regions: Human and chimpanzee genes"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/195BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008;8():195-195.Published online 7 Jul 2008PMCID:PMC2478647.
Effect of annealing atmosphere on the cerium valence state and F+ luminescence center in Ca‐codoped GGAG:Ce single crystals (2015)

GGAG:Ce crystals with various Ca concentrations were grown by the Czochralski technique. The introduction of Ca 2+ ions into a trivalent site results in a change in the Ce valence state as well as an additional F + luminescence center. The changes of Ce valence state could be affected by various annealing atmospheres and were investigated via measuring the Ce 3+ absorbance and observing the color change of the sample. Photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence decay were used to reveal the occurrence of F + center related to the oxygen vacancies during the annealing. A redox mechanism and a charge compensation process are proposed to explain the change in Ce state charge and F + center during the annealing.
Machines synchrones - Fonctionnement en régime autopiloté (2009)

Les machines synchrones sont des machines électriques dont la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est égale à la vitesse de rotation du champ tournant. Suivant leur mode de fonctionnement, elles permettent soit de générer un courant électrique (mode &quot;génératrice&quot;), soit de produire un mouvement de rotation du rotor (mode &quot;moteur&quot;). Cet article se concentre sur le mode autopiloté d'une machine synchrone. Ce procédé permet de contrôler le champ d'induit de façon optimisée, afin d'améliorer très sensiblement les performances. Sont détaillés ici les principes de fonctionnement des machines synchrones autopilotées « idéales » (à forces électromotrices et courants sinusoïdaux), qui offrent les meilleures performances globales, ainsi que ceux d'autres solutions que nous qualifions de spéciales.
Cross-phase separation of nanowires and nanoparticles (2023)

In one embodiment, a process includes creating a mixture of an aqueous component, nanowires and nanoparticles, and a hydrophobic solvent and allowing migration of the nanowires to the hydrophobic solvent, where the nanoparticles remain in the aqueous component. Moreover, the nanowires and nanoparticles are in the aqueous component before the migration.
Frequency-tunable bandstop-bandpass dual-function microwave filter (2015)

This letter presents a frequency-tunable, dual-function, microwave filter with both bandpass and bandstop functionalities. The filter uses a single switch to change the functionality minimizing the insertion loss, and it can replace a traditional filter bank structure that contains two filters and two switches. Frequency-tunable substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators are adopted in this filter design. Measured results show that both bandpass and bandstop responses can be tuned from 3.0 GHz to 3.6 GHz. The measured minimum insertion loss at the center frequency is 1.1 dB for the bandpass mode and the attenuation at the center frequency is greater than 40 dB over the entire frequency tuning range.
Wearable Computing: The New Dress Code [Guest editors' introduction] (2015)

The articles in this special section focus on the new era of wearable computing technologies. Technology's presence on the body expands our capabilities and opportunities. Smartphones, MP3 players, Bluetooth earpieces, and fitness trackers are increasingly part of today's dress code. These devices empower us to communicate, relax, and work out more effectively. The new generation of “wearables” promises to go even further: new technologies will enable these on-body devices to sense and understand our environment and provide just-in-time information in ways that do not distract from the primary task, improving our efficiency and encouraging our creativity.
Replacing Rewards with Examples: Example-Based Policy Search via Recursive Classification (2021)

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms assume that users specify tasks by manually writing down a reward function. However, this process can be laborious and demands considerable technical expertise. Can we devise RL algorithms that instead enable users to specify tasks simply by providing examples of successful outcomes? In this paper, we derive a control algorithm that maximizes the future probability of these successful outcome examples. Prior work has approached similar problems with a two-stage process, first learning a reward function and then optimizing this reward function using another RL algorithm. In contrast, our method directly learns a value function from transitions and successful outcomes, without learning this intermediate reward function. Our method therefore requires fewer hyperparameters to tune and lines of code to debug. We show that our method satisfies a new data-driven Bellman equation, where examples take the place of the typical reward function term. Experiments show that our approach outperforms prior methods that learn explicit reward functions.
Improving Viterbi Bayesian predictive classification via sequential Bayesian learning in robust speech recognition (2002)

We extend our previously proposed Viterbi Bayesian predictive classification (VBPC) algorithm to accommodate a new class of prior probability density function (PDF) for continuous density hidden Markov model (CDHMM) based robust speech recognition. The initial prior PDF of CDHMM is assumed to be a finite mixture of natural conjugate prior PDF's of its complete-data density. With the new observation data, the true posterior PDF is approximated by the same type of finite mixture PDF's which retain the required most significant terms in the true posterior density according to their contribution to the corresponding predictive density. Then the updated mixture PDF is used to improve the VBPC performance. The experimental results on a speaker-independent recognition task of isolated Japanese digits confirm the viability and the usefulness of the proposed technique.
Automatic Parallelization and Locality Optimization of Beamforming Algorithms (2010)

Abstract 1 This paper demonstrates the benefits of a global optimization strategy using a new automatic parallelization and locality optimization methodology for high performance embedded computing algorithms that occur in adaptive radar systems, for modern multi-core computing chips. As a baseline, the resulting performance was compared against the performance that could be obtained using highly optimized math libraries. Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Adaptive beamforming algorithms eliminate interference and clutter in a phased array antenna. Typically, for a small number N of array elements, the weight vector application to the incoming sensor stream represents the majority of the computation. However, with the introduction of solid state transceiver elements and the transition to conformal arrays, the number of antenna elements may go into the tens of thousands. This means that the computational challenge of weight computation algorithms with O(N 2) and O(N 3) complexities (versus weight applications with O(N) complexity) will dominate and require high performance computation. Many different beamforming algorithms exist to perform the task of signal detection [1]. Traditional methods, such as direct inversion to determine the covariance, have more trivial parallelism, but in terms of operation count, they are not scalable to larger number of sensors. Iterative algorithms are more efficient on an operation count basis, but present a more difficult optimization challenge. The focus of this paper is on improving parallel performance of three different iterative beamforming algorithms: Minimum
Understanding Cation Effects on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2022)

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is known to be influenced by the identity of alkali metal cations in the electrolyte. But a clear understanding of this behavior has not been developed. Here, we present the results of experimental and theoretical studies that describe how alkali metal cations influence the HER in acidic and basic electrolytes. Alkali metal cations are shown to have no systematic effect on HER rates in acid. In alkaline media, rates decrease with increasing cation size over Ir, Pd, and Pt (Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+) and increase with cation size over Cu, Ag, and Au (Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+). We argue that interfacial cations lower the activation barrier for water dissociation, an elementary step unique to the HER in alkaline media. HER rates are limited by this step on Cu, Ag, and Au but are not over Ir, Pd, and Pt, explaining the inverted activity trend. Based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we suggest that trends with cation size are attributable to the greater willingness of large, weakly solvated cations to approach the electrode surface.
Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Cyclic Pentadepsipeptides via Direct Amide Cyclization. (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.