gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Head Impact Exposure Across Common Activities in Youth Soccer (2021)

The objective of this study was to compare head impact exposure across common training activities in soccer.Soccer is a popular youth sport in the United States, but repetitive head impacts during training may result in neurocognitive deficits. Current research has identified factors associated with increased head impact exposure in soccer, but research has yet to contextualize head impact exposure across soccer activities. Modifying practice structure may be an avenue for reducing head impact exposure and concussion risk in soccer.Eight U15 soccer players participated in this study for 2 soccer seasons. Players wore a custom instrumented mouthpiece sensor during all practices and games. On-field activities were recorded with a time-synchronized camera. Research personnel recorded the duration of all practice (e.g., technical training, team interaction) and game activities performed by each player, and film review was performed to identify all head contact events during each session. Head impact exposure was quantified in terms of peak kinematics and impacts per player per hour. The amount of time an athlete was exposed to an activity was also evaluated. Mixed effects models were used to compare peak kinematics and generalized linear models were used to compare impact rates across activity types.Activity types were associated with peak kinematics and impact rate. Technical training activities were associated with higher impact rates and lower mean kinematics compared to other activity types. Team interaction activities and game play were associated with the highest rotational kinematics, but the lowest impact rates. A similar number of player-to-player contact events occurred within technical training, team interaction, and game play activities.Interventions designed to reduce head impact frequency in soccer may benefit from targeting technical training activities; whereas, interventions designed to reduce head impact magnitude may benefit from targeting team interaction and game activities.
Size Matters – Embedding as an Enabler of Next-Generation SiPs (2013)

Embedding is a relatively new packaging technology involving the use of (for example) laminates to encapsulate the active and/or passive component, as well as PCB and/or SMT processes for electrical connections. The embedded system can be used in that condition, or further processed to create a System-in-Package (or System-in-Board in case of larger assemblies). In that last case, the SiP (respectively SiB) is treated like any other substrate (respectively PCB). In the search for higher integration, embedding is gaining traction as an alternative 3D-packaging solution, due to its multiple advantages: high integration, large production format, intrinsic matching to PCB in terms of pitch and CTE characteristics, mechanical stability and possibility to adapt substrate properties based on specific requirements (Dk, thermal conductivity…). The various players in the field are raking in new design-ins, and production volumes are rapidly increasing. Those characteristics mean that embedded packages are directly competing with several other packaging architectures routinely used in smartphone applications:- Almost as small as WL-CSPs while being more robust and offering better thermal behavior,- Smaller than QFNs with similar thermal properties,- Thinner than PoPs while allowing easier 3D integration,- SiP architecture to decrease PCB-level cost-of-ownership. Smartphone manufacturers are constantly demanding increased reliability and performance, while requesting from packages to enable higher functionalities in smaller form factors. This document compares multiple architectures meeting the tight height requirements from the smartphone industry, and proves that embedding is a valid enabler in the quest for higher integration. It also shows the latest developments in terms
The Design Logic of Cell Signaling Systems (2010)

Cells use complex networks of signaling proteins to accurately transmit information and make decisions. Despite their complexity, many of these systems appear to be built from a finite set of relatively simple modular catalytic and regulatory components. We are studying the logic of how such modules are used to build complex signaling systems. We are tracking how signaling modules originated and how they are used as building blocks in evolution. We are also exploring how these modules can be used in synthetic biology to engineer cells with new behaviors and potential therapeutic or biotechnological applications.
Host-Enhanced Phenyl-Perfluorophenyl Polar-π Interactions. (2020)

Phenyl-perfluorophenyl polar-π interactions have been revisited for the design and fabrication of functional supramolecular systems. The relatively weak associative interactions (ΔG ≈ -1.0 kcal/mol) have limited their use in aqueous self-assembly to date. Herein, we propose a strategy to strengthen phenyl-perfluorophenyl polar-π interactions by encapsulation within a synthetic host, thus increasing the binding affinity to ΔG= -15.5 kcal/mol upon formation of heteroternary complexes through social self-sorting. These heteroternary complexes were used as dynamic, yet strong, cross-linkers in the fabrication of supramolecular gels, which exhibited excellent viscoelasticity, stretchability, self-recovery, self-healing, and energy dissipation. This work unveils a general approach to exploit host-enhanced polar-π interactions in the design of robust aqueous supramolecular systems.
Supplementary Table 2 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling
Filtered Variation method for denoising and sparse signal processing (2012)

We propose a new framework, called Filtered Variation (FV), for denoising and sparse signal processing applications. These problems are inherently ill-posed. Hence, we provide regularization to overcome this challenge by using discrete time filters that are widely used in signal processing. We mathematically define the FV problem, and solve it using alternating projections in space and transform domains. We provide a globally convergent algorithm based on the projections onto convex sets approach. We apply to our algorithm to real denoising problems and compare it with the total variation recovery.
Targeted Data Adaptive Estimation of the Causal Dose–Response Curve (2013)

Abstract Estimation of the causal dose–response curve is an old problem in statistics. In a non-parametric model, if the treatment is continuous, the dose–response curve is not a pathwise differentiable parameter, and no -consistent estimator is available. However, the risk of a candidate algorithm for estimation of the dose–response curve is a pathwise differentiable parameter, whose consistent and efficient estimation is possible. In this work, we review the cross-validated augmented inverse probability of treatment weighted estimator (CV A-IPTW) of the risk and present a cross-validated targeted minimum loss–based estimator (CV-TMLE) counterpart. These estimators are proven consistent and efficient under certain consistency and regularity conditions on the initial estimators of the outcome and treatment mechanism. We also present a methodology that uses these estimated risks to select among a library of candidate algorithms. These selectors are proven optimal in the sense that they are asymptotically equivalent to the oracle selector under certain consistency conditions on the estimators of the treatment and outcome mechanisms. Because the CV-TMLE is a substitution estimator, it is more robust than the CV-AIPTW against empirical violations of the positivity assumption. This and other small sample size differences between the CV-TMLE and the CV-A-IPTW are explored in a simulation study.
Electromigration-Induced Plastic Deformation in Cu Interconnects: Effects on Current Density Exponent, n, and Implications for EM Reliability Assessment (2010)

While Black’s equation for electromigration (EM) in interconnects with n = 1 is rigorously based on the principles of electrotransport, n > 1 is more commonly observed empirically. This deviation is usually attributed to Joule heating. An alternative explanation is suggested by the recent discovery of EM plasticity. To examine this possibility, we have retested samples that had been previously subjected to a predamaging phase of high temperature and current densities to determine whether the loss of median time to failure (MTF) is retained. We find that the predamaged samples exhibit MTFs that are permanently reduced, which is a characteristic of EM plasticity.
Formation of Nanostructures on the Nickel Metal Surface in Ionic Liquid under Anodizing (2018)

The formation of nanostructures in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide on the surface of a nickel electrode during anodizing was studied. Hexagonal ordered surface nanostructures were found to form in a narrow range of current densities. The form of the potential transients of the nickel electrode corresponded to the morphology of the nickel surface obtained which was studied by electron microscopy. No other types of nanostructures were found under the electrosynthesis conditions under study.
The Influence of Language Orthographic Characteristics on Digital Word Recognition (2014)

We study the effect of language orthographic characteristics on the performance of digital word recognition in degraded documents such as historical documents. We provide a rigorous scheme for quantifying the influence of the orthographic characteristics on the quality of word recognition in such documents. We study and compare several orthographic characteristics for four natural languages and measure the effect of each individual characteristic on the digital word recognition process. To this end we create synthetic languages, for which all characteristics, except the one we examine, are identical, and measure the performance of two word recognition algorithms on synthetic documents of these languages. We examine and summarize the influence of the values of each characteristic on the performance of these word recognition methods.
Determination of leukotriene effects on human neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro by differential assessment of cell motility and polarity (1994)

The effects of leukotriene (LT) B4 and D4 on the motility of human peripheral blood neutrophils were investigated employing a novel analytical method. Using the under-agarose technique, migration distance and vectorial orientation of neutrophils in response to selected LT concentrations were determined with the aid of digital image processing. Neutrophil polarization induced by a chemotactic gradient was very apparent even at fields taken adjacent to the cell seeding well where little directional cell motility had occurred. Thus, cell polarization appeared to be the earliest response to chemoattractive LTs. Cell motility occurred in a dose-dependent manner to LTB4 according to determination of the leading edge. LTD4 produced similar effects on neutrophil polarization and motility, but these occurred only at very high concentrations. These data support the view that vectorial orientation is a prerequisite for directional migration of cells and it is also feasible that these are separately regulated events. Furthermore, our studies confirm that LTB4 and, to a much lesser extent, LTD4 are chemotactic for human peripheral blood neutrophils.
Adaptive control of an uncertain hammerstein actuator model in a variable cam timing system (2017)

We explore the use of adaptive control for a hydraulic actuator model in an engine with variable cam timing (VCT) system. The hydraulic actuator is modeled as a Hammer-stein system with an asymmetric, uncertain input nonlinearity followed by known time delay and linear dynamics. We begin the presentation by designing a fixed-gain baseline controller, which consists of a PI controller with high robustness margins, followed by a nonlinear-inverse lookup-table(LUT) controller. This baseline controller is shown to result in poor closed-loop performance in the presence of mismatch between the nonlinear-inverse controller and the input nonlinearity due to uncertainty. We formulate a recursive least-squares adaptation scheme that is applicable to piecewise-linear MISO LUTs, and apply the adaptation scheme to update the entries of the nonlinear-inverse LUT controller to handle the uncertainty in the nonlinearity. The adaptive system delivers superior closed-loop performance compared to the baseline architecture by self-tuning the nonlinear-inverse controller to the actual input nonlinearity.
High-Density Read-Only Memory Disc with Super Resolution Reflective Layer (2001)

We report that super-resolutional readout occurred in read-only memory (ROM) discs with very simple materials and structure. By adopting a 15-nm-thick layer of Ge, Si, Mo, and W as a reflective layer, a carrier-to-noise ratio over 40 dB could be obtained from small pits which were below the resolution limit of our optical system. Experimental and thermal simulation results showed that the super resolutional readout phenomenon in the discs is strongly correlated to the film temperatures that are reached when a laser spot is irradiated on the films. Signal characterizations suggest that the super resolutional readout mechanism of the discs is different from those of conventional ROM and conventional super-resolutional ROM discs. We have named them “Super-ROM” discs.
Improving Movement Predictions of Traffic Actors in Bird's-Eye View Models using GANs and Differentiable Trajectory Rasterization (2020)

One of the most critical pieces of the self-driving puzzle is the task of predicting future movement of surrounding traffic actors, which allows the autonomous vehicle to safely and effectively plan its future route in a complex world. Recently, a number of algorithms have been proposed to address this important problem, spurred by a growing interest of researchers from both industry and academia. Methods based on top-down scene rasterization on one side and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) on the other have shown to be particularly successful, obtaining state-of-the-art accuracies on the task of traffic movement prediction. In this paper we build upon these two directions and propose a raster-based conditional GAN architecture, powered by a novel differentiable rasterizer module at the input of the conditional discriminator that maps generated trajectories into the raster space in a differentiable manner. This simplifies the task for the discriminator as trajectories that are not scene-compliant are easier to discern, and allows the gradients to flow back forcing the generator to output better, more realistic trajectories. We evaluated the proposed method on a large-scale, real-world data set, showing that it outperforms state-of-the-art GAN-based baselines.
Integration of Stationary Batteries for Fast Charge EV Charging Stations (2019)

One of the biggest issues preventing the spread of electric vehicles is the difficulty in supporting distributed fast charging stations by actual distribution grids. Indeed, a significant amount of power is required for fast charging, especially if multiple vehicles must be supplied simultaneously. A possible solution to mitigate this problem is the installation of auxiliary batteries in the charging station to support the grid during high peak power demands. Nevertheless, the integration of high-voltage batteries with significant power is not a trivial task. This paper proposes the configuration and control of a converter to integrate batteries in a fast charging station. The proposed configuration makes it possible to decouple the grid power from the vehicle power using several auxiliary battery modules. At the same time, the converter makes it possible to draw different amounts of power from the battery modules, allowing the use of second life batteries performing in different ways. This paper discusses the design, control, and operation of the converter. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed control is shown by means of numerical results.
A comprehensive methodology for design and development of an integrated microheater for on-chip DNA amplification (2018)

© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. This paper presents the design and development of an optimized aluminum microheater integrated onto a biochip for the amplification of DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A coupled 3D finite element electro-thermal simulation has been used to aid in the design of the microheater and the PCR reactor. The microheater has a special shape, designed to provide a uniform temperature throughout the PCR chamber. The microreactor is fabricated at the center of a 20 mm × 20 mm silicon chip. It has a meandered shape, a volume of 1.89 μl and occupies a square area with a side of 3.8 mm. Microchannels to transport fluid in and out of the reactor are also provided. After heater design optimization, the simulated temperature of the fluid volume within the PCR chamber is very uniform (95% of the volume has a temperature within 0.2 °C when the average temperature is 60 °C). This result is validated by DNA melting point experiments, showing a very similar uniformity. A PCR experiment, consisting of 50 cycles of amplification is conducted to demonstrate functionality of the system; amplifications is uniform across the reactor with variation of the threshold cycle within about 0.5 units.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Porphyrazine-Gd(III) Conjugates as Multimodal MR Contrast Agents (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been used clinically and experimentally as a diagnostic tool to obtain three-dimensional, high-resolution images of deep tissues. These images are enhanced by the administration of contrast agents such as paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes. Herein, we describe the preparation of a series of multimodal imaging agents in which paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes are conjugated to a fluorescent tetrapyrrole, namely, a porphyrazine (pz). Zinc metalated pzs conjugated to one, four, or eight paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes are reported. Among these conjugates, Zn-Pz-8Gd(III) exhibits an ionic relaxivity four times that of the monomeric Gd(III) agent, presumably because of increased molecular weight and a molecular relaxivity that is approximately thirty times larger, while retaining the intense electronic absorption and emission of the unmodified pz. Unlike current clinical MR agents, Zn-Pz-1Gd(III) is taken up by cells. This probe demonstrates intracellular fluorescence by confocal microscopy and provides significant contrast enhancement in MR images, as well as marked phototoxicity in assays of cellular viability. These results suggest that pz agents possess a new potential for use in cancer imaging by both MRI and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, while acting as a platform for photodynamic therapy.
Analysis of reverse-bias leakage current mechanisms in GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (2004)

Temperature-dependent current–voltage measurements have been used to determine the reverse-bias leakage current mechanisms in Schottky diodes fabricated on GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, and two dominant mechanisms are clearly identified. The first mechanism is field-emission tunneling from the metal into the semiconductor, which is dominant at low temperatures and which, at higher temperatures, becomes significant for large reverse-bias voltages. The second mechanism, presumed to be associated with dislocation-related leakage current paths, is observed to have an exponential temperature dependence and becomes significant above approximately 275 K. The temperature dependence of the second mechanism is consistent with either one-dimensional variable-range-hopping conduction along the dislocation or trap-assisted tunneling.
1-D profiling using highly dispersive guided waves (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Arno Volker, Tim van Zon; 1-D profiling using highly dispersive guided waves. AIP Conf. Proc. 18 February 2014; 1581 (1): 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864819 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
20% External Quantum Efficiency in Solution‐Processed Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Devices (2015)

Highly efficient solution‐processed blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) devices are developed by designing soluble blue TADF emitters. The solubility and emission color could be managed by introducing F as an electron withdrawing unit instead of CN. Two soluble blue TADF emitters are synthesized and show a high external quantum efficiency of 20.0% with a color coordinate of (0.16,0.26), and it is the best quantum efficiency reported in solution‐processed TADF devices. The device performances of the solution‐processed blue TADF devices are comparable to those of vacuum‐processed blue TADF devices.
See Through Optical Architectures for Wearable Displays (2014)

HUDs (Head Up Displays) and HMDs (Helmet Mounted Displays) have been with us for a few decades, providing exceptional optical performances for specialized defense applications. On the other hand, consumer electronics HMDs (Head Mounted Displays) have been lingering as personal gadgets for a mere decade. But recently, major companies have launched consumer compelling head mounted display solutions integrating both hardware, operating system as well as content, unlocking the decade long consumer HMD status-quo. As a result, we are witnessing today a fragmentation of the HMD market into various categories which have their very own specificity in terms of functionality, hardware and content. Such fragmentation is responsible for defining new distinct market segments such as consumer near to eye displays, social smart glasses, gaming headsets, as well as professional (engineering and technical) HMDs, specialized (medical, law enforcement, firefighting) HMDs and of course the previously existing defense market. We will be reviewing the different type of optical hardware used in such devices.
The Zebrafish: A Powerful Platform for In Vivo , HTS Drug Discovery (2011)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging vertebrate model for drug discovery that permits whole animal drug screens with excellent throughput, combined with ease of use and low cost. This review will begin with a discussion on the background, suitability, and advantages of this vertebrate model system and then, citing specific examples, will describe the utility of zebrafish at specific stages in the drug development pipeline. We will end with a synopsis of recent drug screens based on morphological disruptions, genetic disease models, fluorescent markers, behavioral changes, and specific targets. The numerous advantages of this whole animal approach provide new promise for the discovery of safe, specific, and powerful new drugs.