gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[6]-Gingerol Attenuates Autophagy and Increases Activities of Antioxidative Defense Enzymes in Mice with Cerulein-induced Acute Pancreatitis (2013)

열대아시아 원산의 다년생 초본 생강의 주성분인 [6]-gingerol은 항산화 및 항염증 등의 특성이 잘 알려져 있지만 cerulein 유도 급성췌장염에서의 자가분해 관련 유전자 발현 조절과 항산화 효소 활성에 대한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 cerulein 유도 급성췌장염 동물모델에서 [6]-gingerold의 자가분해 조절과 항산화 작용을 조사하였다. 급성췌장염 유발 전 4일 동안 [6]-gingerol (0.1 mg/20 g mouse/day)을 경구투여 한 후 <TEX>$50{\mu}g/kg$</TEX> cerulein을 복강주사로 급성 췌장염을 유도하였다. 그 결과 혈중 <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-amyase 활성, 자가분해 표적 유전자(Beclin-1 및 cleaved LC3-II)의 발현, 지질과산화는 [6]-gingerol 투여군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 항산화지표 효소인 SOD와 GSH-Px 활성은 [6]-gingerol 투여군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들은 천연식물소재 생강의 유효성분 중 하나인 [6]-gingerol이 cerulein 유도 급성 췌장염에서 자가분해 조절과 감소된 항산화효소 활성을 강화하는 효과를 나타내므로 생강이 급성췌장염의 예방과 치료에 대한 기능성 식품소재로 그 활용이 매우 높을 것으로 사료된다. The current study investigated the effects of [6]-gingerol, a ginger phytochemical, on the expression of autophagy-related genes and the activation of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas of mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. The following were studied: pancreatic edema, <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-amylase activity in serum, expression of autophagy genes, activities of antioxidative defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the production of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The results revealed that cerulein-induced edema in the pancreas and <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-amylase activity in the cerulein group significantly increased compared with that of the control. However, that of the [6]-gingerol pretreated group was significantly decreased compared with that of the cerulein-alone injected group (positive control). There was no significant difference compared with that of control. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and cleaved microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, were significantly increased in the positive control but significantly decreased in the [6]-gingerol-pretreated group. Furthermore, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the positive control were decreased compared with those of the control. However, those of the [6]-gingerol pretreated group were significantly increased compared with those of the cerulein-alone group. The mRNA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were similar. The production of LPO in the cerulein with and without [6]-gingerol groups was increased by 133.1% and 26.3%, respectively, compared with that of the control, whereas that of the [6]-gingerol-pretreated group was significantly decreased by 48.5% compared with that of the positive control. Therefore, [6]-gingerol may be a strong candidate in reducing autophagy and LPO production and in enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities to help prevent acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Two Faces of Cathepsin D: Physiological Guardian Angel and Pathological Demon (2014)

Since its discovery as a lysosomal hydrolase, Cathepsin D (CatD) has been the subject of intensive scrutiny by numerous scientists. Those accumulated efforts have defined its biosynthetic pathway, structure, and companion proteins in the context of its perceived "house keeping" function. However, in the past two decades CatD has emerged as a multifunctional enzyme, involved in myriad biological processes beyond its original "housekeeping" role. CatD is responsible for selective and limited cleavage (quite distinct from non-specific protein degradation) of particular substrates vital to proper cellular function. These proteolytic events are critical in the control of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, differentiation and migration, morphogenesis and tissue remodeling, immunological processes, ovulation, fertilization, neuronal outgrowth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Consistent with the biological relevance of CatD, its deficiency, altered regulation or post-translational modification underlie important pathological conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological and skin disorders. Specifically, deregulated synthesis, post-translational modifications and hyper-secretion of CatD, along with its mitogenic effects, are established hallmarks of cancer. More importantly, but less studied, is its significance in regulating the sensitivity to anticancer drugs. This review outlines CatD's post-translational modifications, cellular trafficking, secretion and protein binding partners in normal mammary gland, and restates the "site-specific" function of CatD which is most probably dictated by its post-translational modifications and binding partners. Noteworthy, CatD's association with one of its binding partners in the context of drug sensitivity is highlighted, with the optimism that it could contribute to the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agent(s) tailored for individual patients.
Iron molybdate catalysts synthesised via dicarboxylate decomposition for the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde (2022)

Iron molybdate catalysts were prepared using a sol gel route with malonic acid and oxalic acid and their performance for the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde was evaluated.
Variation in olfactory neuron repertoires is genetically controlled and environmentally modulated (2017)

The mouse olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) repertoire is composed of 10 million cells and each expresses one olfactory receptor (OR) gene from a pool of over 1000. Thus, the nose is sub-stratified into more than a thousand OSN subtypes. Here, we employ and validate an RNA-sequencing-based method to quantify the abundance of all OSN subtypes in parallel, and investigate the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to neuronal diversity. We find that the OSN subtype distribution is stereotyped in genetically identical mice, but varies extensively between different strains. Further, we identify <i>cis</i>-acting genetic variation as the greatest component influencing OSN composition and demonstrate independence from OR function. However, we show that olfactory stimulation with particular odorants results in modulation of dozens of OSN subtypes in a subtle but reproducible, specific and time-dependent manner. Together, these mechanisms generate a highly individualized olfactory sensory system by promoting neuronal diversity.
Intranasal Introduction of Fc-Fused Interleukin-7 Provides Long-Lasting Prophylaxis against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection (2015)

The major consequence of a highly pathogenic IAV infection is severe pulmonary inflammation, which can result in organ failure and death at worst. Although vaccines for seasonal IAVs are effective, frequent variation of surface viral proteins hampers development of protective immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that intranasal IL-7-mFc pretreatment protected immunologically naive mice from lethal IAV infections. Intranasal pretreatment with IL-7-mFc induced an infiltration of T cells in the lung, which reside as effector/memory T cells with lung-retentive markers. Those IL-7-primed pulmonary T cells contributed to development of protective immunity upon IAV infection, reducing pulmonary immunopathology while increasing IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Since a single treatment with IL-7-mFc was effective in the protection against multiple strains of IAV for an extended period of time, our findings suggest a possibility that IL-7-mFc treatment, as a potential prophylaxis, can be developed for controlling highly pathogenic IAV infections.
Widely-tunable mid-infrared frequency comb source based on difference frequency generation (2012)

We report on a mid-IR frequency comb source of unprecedented tunability covering the entire 3-10 μm molecular fingerprint region. The system is based on difference frequency generation in a GaSe crystal pumped by a 151 MHz Yb:fiber frequency comb. The process was seeded with Raman-shifted solitons generated in a highly nonlinear suspended-core fiber with the same source. Average powers up to 1.5 mW were achieved at the 4.7 μm wavelength.
As redes têm centros: uma estratégia para migração da cultura pré-digital para a simbiose de redes sociais integradas em centros de atividades sociológicas e informacionais (2006)

This article tries to answer two questions: 1) how to transfer a qualified heritage of culture, knowledge and pre-digital research to digital learning for the new generations of managers, researchers, social scientists and educators?2) taking into account the digital learning and the great accumulation of research methodologies in the social sciences, largely pre-digital, how should we proceed?We defend the idea of installing networks in integrated strategies within a symbiotic conception, that is, networks as amplified centres of informational and sociological activities.We thus use the concept of information and its specificity as modern computational information in digital networks.We then present some of the social experiences which announce those centres of activities in Brazil.
Genome expansion by a CRISPR trimmer-integrase (2023)

CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems capture DNA fragments from invading mobile genetic elements and integrate them into the host genome to provide a template for RNA-guided immunity<sup>1</sup>. CRISPR systems maintain genome integrity and avoid autoimmunity by distinguishing between self and non-self, a process for which the CRISPR/Cas1-Cas2 integrase is necessary but not sufficient<sup>2-5</sup>. In some microorganisms, the Cas4 endonuclease assists CRISPR adaptation<sup>6,7</sup>, but many CRISPR-Cas systems lack Cas4<sup>8</sup>. Here we show here that an elegant alternative pathway in a type I-E system uses an internal DnaQ-like exonuclease (DEDDh) to select and process DNA for integration using the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). The natural Cas1-Cas2/exonuclease fusion (trimmer-integrase) catalyses coordinated DNA capture, trimming and integration. Five cryo-electron microscopy structures of the CRISPR trimmer-integrase, visualized both before and during DNA integration, show how asymmetric processing generates size-defined, PAM-containing substrates. Before genome integration, the PAM sequence is released by Cas1 and cleaved by the exonuclease, marking inserted DNA as self and preventing aberrant CRISPR targeting of the host. Together, these data support a model in which CRISPR systems lacking Cas4 use fused or recruited<sup>9,10</sup> exonucleases for faithful acquisition of new CRISPR immune sequences.
Auctioning Many Divisible Goods (2004)

We study the theory and practical implementation of auctioning many divisible goods. With multiple related goods, price discovery is important not only to reduce the winner’s curse, but more importantly, to simplify the bidder’s decision problem and to facilitate the revelation of preferences in the bids. Simultaneous clock auctions are especially desirable formats for auctioning many divisible goods. We examine the properties of these auctions and discuss important practical considerations in applying them. (JEL: D44) 1.
Machine Learning Applications in the Petroleum Industry (2022)

Machine learning tools have been used in different engineering-related aspects and the energy sector is no exception. This chapter focuses on summarizing the applications of machine learning tools in different areas of the upstream petroleum industry, that is, exploration and production of hydrocarbons, viz., oil and gas. This chapter begins by introducing commonly used machine learning tools and their applications in the energy sector. This is followed by a brief review on the applications of these tools in the petroleum industry such as for exploration of hydrocarbons, wellbore drilling, rock and fluid properties estimation, hydrocarbons production optimization, forecasting, and production maintenance through applications of waterflooding. Data preparation process which is very critical for successful utilization of machine learning tools is also presented including commonly used preprocessing techniques. In the last sections of this chapter, application of machine learning tools in three areas of upstream petroleum industry is discussed. These areas are: prediction of the borehole drillability, rock petrophysical properties of porosity and permeability, and hydrocarbon production forecasting and optimization. Different machine learning models employed in these three areas are summarized and their performance in arriving at the solution is reviewed
Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Core−Shell Nanofibers (2007)

A rapid, solvent-less RAPET (reactions under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature) approach is described for the fabrication of 1-D core−shell nanostructures. Ferromagnetic FeS and FeSe nanomaterials are covered in situ in a multiwalled carbon shell by the one-step thermolysis of Fe(CO)5 in the presence of either S or Se powders in a closed reactor at 700 °C for 30 min under autogenic pressure in an inert atmosphere. SEM measurements revealed the 1-D morphology of FeS or FeSe wires coated with carbon as having a 80−100 nm diameter with a micrometer length. XRD measurements were consistent with a hexagonal phase of FeS and a tetragonal crystal structure of FeSe. HR-TEM images confirmed the 1-D core−shell morphologies of FeS or FeSe with carbon (MX/C; MX = metal chalcogenide) as the shell. The ferromagnetic characteristics of these MX/C samples were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Nitrogen gas adsorption on the surface of MX/C nanostructures was determined by BET surface area analysis. A plausible mechanism for the formation of magnetic cores (FeS or FeSe) with a carbon shell is suggested.
Influence of the stacking potential of the base 3??? of tandem shift codons on ???1 ribosomal frameshifting used for gene expression (2002)

Translating ribosomes can shift reading frame at specific sites with high efficiency for gene expression purposes. The most common type of shift to the −1 frame involves a tandem realignment of two anticodons from pairing with mRNA sequence of the form X XXY YYZ to XXX YYY Z where the spaces indicate the reading frame. The predominant −1 shift site of this type in eubacteria is A AAA AAG. The present work shows that in Escherichia coli the identity of the 6 nt 3′ of this sequence can be responsible for a 14-fold variation in frameshift frequency. The first 3′ nucleotide has the primary effect, with, in order of decreasing efficiency, U &gt; C &gt; A &gt; G. This effect is independent of other stimulators of frameshifting. It is detected with other X XXA AAG sequences, but not with several other heptameric −1 shift sites. Pairing of E. coli tRNALys with AAG is especially weak at the third codon position. We propose that strong stacking of purines 3′ of AAG stabilizes pairing of tRNALys, diminishing the chance of codon:anticodon dissociation that is a prerequisite for the realignment involved in frameshifting.
Characterization of somatically mutated S107 VH11-encoded anti-DNA autoantibodies derived from autoimmune (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. (1991)

We have studied 19 S107 heavy chain variable region gene (VH11)-encoded monoclonal antibodies from NZBWF1 mice. These studies show that a single VH gene can encode both antibodies to foreign antigens (anti-phosphorylcholine) and to self antigens (anti-double-stranded DNA) in the same animal. All of the anti-DNA antibodies contain many somatic mutations compared with the relevant germline genes. Since the anti-DNA antibodies were extensively somatically mutated and had undergone isotype switching, the response seems to be T cell dependent. While some of the antibodies appear to be the products of an antigen-driven and antigen-selected response, a number of characteristics of the antibodies suggest that forces other than antigen are contributing to the stimulation and selection of this response.
Genetic variation in paraoxonase‐2 is associated with variation in plasma lipoproteins in Canadian Oji‐Cree (1998)

We report studies of the association between genetic variation in PON2 and variation in plasma quantitative traits in a sample of 334 non-diabetic Oji-Cree. We detected associations between PON2 variation in codon 148 (Ala --> Gly) and variation in fasting plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B. In particular, homozygotes for a PON2 allele that encoded A148 had significantly higher plasma total, LDL cholesterol and apo B than subjects having the other two genotypes (p < 0.01). Taken together, our results suggest that common genetic variation on chromosome 7q21.3-22.1 in PON2 is associated with significant variation of intermediate traits in plasma lipoprotein metabolism.
Data-Reuse-Driven Energy-Aware Cosynthesis of Scratch Pad Memory and Hierarchical Bus-Based Communication Architecture for (2008)

As technology advances, it becomes feasible to imple- ment a large multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) to satisfy the increased performance demands of embedded applications. The increased complexity of systems leads to an increased power consumption. Reducing the consumption is an important task, considering that the available power may be limited in battery- operated embedded systems. The selection of memory and com- munication architectures affects the power efficiency of the design. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that enables the energy-aware cosynthesis of both memory and communication ar- chitectures for streaming applications. As opposed to earlier tech- niques, we propose a powerful compile-time analysis of memory access behavior in multiprocessor systems, which adds flexibility in selecting scratch-pad-based memory architectures. We propose and compare three memory/communication synthesis techniques, namely, an optimal mixed integer-linear-programming (ILP)- based cosynthesis technique, a mixed ILP (MILP)-based tra- ditional two-step synthesis approach, where memory and communication synthesis is sequentially performed, and a cosyn- thesis heuristic that synthesizes energy-efficient hierarchical bus- based communication architectures with guaranteed throughput. Our experimental results on a number of streaming applications show that both the traditional two-step synthesis approach and heuristic result in up to 50% worse power consumption in compar- ison with our proposed cosynthesis approach. However, on some of the streaming benchmarks, our cosynthesis heuristic approach was able to find optimal or near-optimal results in a much shorter time than the MILP cosynthesis approach.
Antibacterial Balsacones J–M, Hydroxycinnamoylated Dihydrochalcones from Populus balsamifera Buds (2015)

A phytochemical investigation of buds from the hardwood tree Populus balsamifera led to the isolation of six new cinnamoylated dihydrochalcones as pairs of racemates and one as a racemic mixture along with the known compound iryantherin-D (2), the absolute configuration of which was determined for the first time. The structures of balsacones J (1), K (3), L (4), and M (5) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS). Chiral HPLC separations were carried out, and the absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers unambiguously established via X-ray diffraction analyses and electron circular dichroism spectroscopic data. Each of the purified enantiomers exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with IC50 values ranging from 0.61 to 6 μM.
The Capping of Surface Immunoglobulin on Mouse Myeloma Cells (1974)

Abstract Immunoglobulin determinants have been found on the surface of mouse plasmacytoma cells producing molecules of various classes and types (1–4). In some cases the surface immunoglobulins have been shown to share the antibody activity of the immunoglobulin secreted by these cells (5, 6). However, it is not completely clear whether the immunoglobulin determinants detected on the surface of the myeloma cell are comparable to surface immunoglobulins found on the surface of B lymphocytes or are molecules in the act of being secreted. In studies on the P3 (MOPC 21) mouse myeloma cells, Knopf (7) has shown that surface immunoglobulin determinants turn over much more slowly than secreted immunoglobulin. However it has been difficult to demonstrate efficient capping of plasma cells in general, and of mouse myeloma cells in particular. In order to examine this further, we have studied the surface immunofluorescence of two established mouse plasmacytoma cell lines and shown that capping does occur if the secreted immunoglobulin is first removed from the cell.
Control of Electrode Reactions in a Mixed-Potential-Type Gas Sensor Based on a BiCuVOx Solid Electrolyte (2010)

Mixed-potential-type gas sensors are promising solid-state devices for the in-situ detection of ppm concentrations of air pollutants in the atmosphere. In this study, we designed electrode structures of mixed-potential-type sensors using a BiCuVOx (Bi2V0.9Cu0.1O5.35) solid electrolyte to control the responses of electrodes to organic gases. Devices fitted with sensing and counter electrodes made of a composite of BiCuVOx and a perovskite-type oxide (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3) were fabricated and tested for their ethanol-sensing properties. Sensor devices with a three-electrode configuration, in which a reference electrode was exposed to a standard air mixture, were fabricated to separately measure the potentials of the sensing and counter electrodes relative to the reference electrode. When a thin (30 μm) sensing electrode and a thick (68 μm) counter electrode were attached to a planar device, the sensing electrode exhibited high responses to ethanol at 350 and 400 °C. However, the overall signal was still small because the counter electrode also responded to ethanol. In another planar device in which the counter electrode was coated with a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, the counter electrode exhibited almost no response to ethanol resulting in the generation of large sensor signals. This is because the catalyst layer efficiently decomposed ethanol and impeded its diffusion to the reaction interface between the counter electrode and the solid electrolyte. The device coated with the combustion catalyst also showed good response and recovery speeds and high stability under humid conditions indicating its feasibility as a practical, compact ethanol sensor.
Composition of the surface lipids of pea leaves (Pisum sativum) (1970)

Abstract Surface lipid of pea leaves ( Pisum sativum var. Frosty) was analyzed with column, thin layer and gas liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. It contained 42% n ‐hentriacontane and 7.3% n ‐hentriacontan‐16‐ol. About 5% was wax esters, C 40 –C 50 consisting of primarily C 26 and C 28 alcohols and C 16 –C 22 acids. Almost 5% was aldehydes, mainly C 26 and C 28 . Primary alcohols, chiefly C 26 and C 28 , made up 20% of the surface lipid.
Paper Actuators: Electrically Activated Paper Actuators (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2016) (2016)

G. M. Whitesides and co-workers describe, on page 2446, the design and fabrication of electrically controlled paper actuators made from paper, conducting polymer, and adhesive tape. The central element of the actuators is a porous conducting path providing electrothermal heating that changes the moisture content of the paper and causes actuation. These simple and inexpensive devices can achieve different types of motion such as bending and accordion-type motion.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Methylation Status of E-Cadherin Gene in Noncancerous Stomach (2006)

Promoter methylation in E-cadherin was frequently detected in the stomach of H. pylori-infected individuals. Eradication of H. pylori might possibly reduce the methylation density in E-cadherin gene and the chance of subsequent neoplastic transformation.
The radiation tolerance of specific optical fibres exposed to 650 kGy(Si) of ionizing radiation (2009)

International audience