gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of aspartate racemase, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-independent amino acid racemase. (1992)

Aspartate racemase from Streptococcus thermophilus contains no pyridoxal 5"phosphate or other cofactors such as FAD, NAD+, and metal ions.It was affected by neither carbonyl reagents such as hydroxylamine nor sodium borohydride but was strongly inhibited by iodoacetamide and other thiol reagents.Aspartate, cysteate, and cysteine sulfinate were the only substrates.The K , values for L-and D-aspartate were 35 and 8.7 mM, respectively.The enzyme catalyzed the exchange of a-hydrogen of the substrate with the solvent hydrogen.Racemization of L-aspartate in 2Hz0 showed an overshooting in the optical rotation of aspartate before the substrate was fully racemized.This shows that the removal of a-hydrogen of the substrate is at least partially rate-determining.When L-or D-aspartate was incubated with aspartate racemase in tritiated water, tritium was incorporated preferentially into the product enantiomer.The results strongly suggest that aspartate racemase contains two hydrogen acceptors.Racemization is superficially a simple reaction.For example, it is accomplished by the removal of a-hydrogen bound to a chiral carbon of the substrate and subsequent nonspecific return of a hydrogen to the carbon.However, amino acids are racemized only slowly under ordinary conditions: half-lives of aspartic acid and alanine in the racemization at 25 "C are 3,500 and 12,000 years, respectively (Bada, 1985).This is because of the high dissociation energy of the C"-H bond.Amino acid racemases and epimerases catalyze the racemization and epimerization of amino acids, respectively, and most of them require PLP' as a coenzyme.The racemization proceeds through the formation of aldimine Schiff base between the substrate amino acid and PLP (Snell and Di Mari, 1970).However, several other amino acid racemases require no coenzymes.Proline racemase (EC 5.1.1.4)catalyzes the proline racemization effectively without PLP by action of a pair of cysteinyl residues at the active site of the enzyme (Cardinale and Abeles, 1968;Rudnick and Abeles, 1975).Knowles and his co-workers studied the energetics and mechanism of the enzyme reaction (Albery and Knowles, 1986, 1987a, 1987b; Fisher et al., 1986a Fisher et al., , 1986b Fisher et al., , 1986c;; Belasco et al.,
Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous Extract of Terminalia chebula in Vivo and in Vitro (2005)

The ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula RETZIUS (T. chebula RETZ) (Combretsceae), which is a native plant in India and Southeast Asia, has traditionally been used as a popular folk medicine for homeostatic, antitussive, laxative, diuretic, and cardiotonic treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of an aqueous extract of fruit of T. chebula on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury observed in cultured rat primary hepatocytes and rat liver. Both treatment and pretreatment of the hepatocytes with the T. chebula extract (TCE) significantly reversed the t-BHP-induced cell cytotoxicity and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. In addition, TCE exhibited in vitro ferric-reducing antioxidant activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activities. The in vivo study showed that pretreatment with TCE (500 or 1000 mg/kg) by gavage for 5 d before a single dose of t-BHP (0.1 mmol/kg i.p.) significantly lowered the serum levels of the hepatic enzyme markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and reduced the indicators of oxidative stress in the liver, such as the glutathine disulfide content and lipid peroxidation, in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic examination of the rat livers showed that TCE reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatocyte swelling and neutrophilic infiltration, and repaired necrosis induced by t-BHP. Based on the results described above, we speculate that TCE has the potential to play a role in the hepatic prevention of oxidative damage in living systems.
Freedom to roam (2009)

Mobile devices provide people with disabilities new opportunities to act independently in the world. However, these empowering devices have their own accessibility challenges. We present a formative study that examines how people with visual and motor disabilities select, adapt, and use mobile devices in their daily lives. We interviewed 20 participants with visual and motor disabilities and asked about their current use of mobile devices, including how they select them, how they use them while away from home, and how they adapt to accessibility challenges when on the go. Following the interviews, 19 participants completed a diary study in which they recorded their experiences using mobile devices for one week. Our results show that people with visual and motor disabilities use a variety of strategies to adapt inaccessible mobile devices and successfully use them to perform everyday tasks and navigate independently. We provide guidelines for more accessible and empowering mobile device design.
Rapid development of exhaustion and down-regulation of eomesodermin limit the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred murine natural killer cells (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells are potent anti-viral and antitumor "first responders" endowed with natural cytotoxicity and cytokine production capabilities. To date, attempts to translate these promising biologic functions through the adoptive transfer of NK cells for the treatment of cancer have been of limited benefit. Here we trace the fate of adoptively transferred murine NK cells and make the surprising observation that NK cells traffic to tumor sites yet fail to control tumor growth or improve survival. This dysfunction is related to a rapid down-regulation of activating receptor expression and loss of important effector functions. Loss of interferon (IFN)γ production occurs early after transfer, whereas loss of cytotoxicity progresses with homeostatic proliferation and tumor exposure. The dysfunctional phenotype is accompanied by down-regulation of the transcription factors Eomesodermin and T-bet, and can be partially reversed by the forced overexpression of Eomesodermin. These results provide the first demonstration of NK-cell exhaustion and suggest that the NK-cell first-response capability is intrinsically limited. Further, novel approaches may be required to circumvent the described dysfunctional phenotype.
Composite Polymer-Core Silica-Shell Abrasive Particles during Oxide CMP (2007)

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is a triboelectrochemical process dominated by mechanical and chemical-assisted wear. The choice of abrasive used in this process is of fundamental importance. In this study, oxide CMP using novel polymer-core silica-shell composites were compared with conventional colloidal silica as abrasives in terms of removal rate and surface finishing. The composite particles were achieved by either creating chemical bonds by silane coupling agents or tuning the pH to form electrostatic attractive interactions between the core and the shell. We used oxide CMP as a convenient test vehicle for defectivity characterization and comparison between different abrasives. Due to the higher complexity of the composite abrasive with respect to the simple silica particle-wafer system, we combined different surface analysis techniques with methods of defect quantification and enhancement. Overall, fewer and shallower scratches were detected for the composites with respect to colloidal silica.
An investigation on dose rate effect of 60Co gamma radiation on 200 GHz SiGe HBTs (2020)

Silicon-Germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) were irradiated with 60Co gamma radiations at different dose rates up to 10 Mrad of total dose. The DC electrical characteristics such as Gummel characteristics, excess base current (ΔIB), current gain (hFE), neutral base recombination (NBR) and output characteristics (IC−VCE) were studied before and after irradiation. The important parameters such as IB and hFE were found to degrade after irradiation. Gamma irradiations at varying dose rates are found to produce drastically different degradation signatures at the different oxide interfaces. The degradation is more for SiGe HBTs irradiated at dose rate of 30 rad/s.
Acousto-Optic Compensation of Tremor for Use in a Handheld Laser Microsurgical Instrument (2006)

Development of a handheld microsurgical manipulator that incorporates active cancellation of the hand tremor of the user is ongoing. Thus far, experiments with the instrument have involved mechanical tools or end-effectors. In considering the possibility of laser procedures with the instrument, it is conceivable that a laser version of the instrument could be developed with no moving parts, using acousto-optic deflection of the laser beam to compensate the tremor. The paper describes the application and presents a proof of concept in a single degree of freedom using a benchtop laser deflection system and recorded hand motion data. Operating with a hand motion input tremor amplitude of 4 microns rms, the average overall canceling error is 0.8 microns rms.
Interplay of DNA polymerase lambda, Protection of Telomeres (Pot) 1 and TERRA in telomere elongation (2013)

About 10% – 15% of cancer cell types do not express telomerase, but they use the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway, to counteract telomere shortening. The molecular details of the ALT reaction are poorly characterized and the DNA polymerase (pol) involved in the synthesis step is not known. Here, we show that human DNA pol lambda can actively and efficiently promote annealing telomeric repeats to the complementary C‐rich strand and use it to prime DNA synthesis. DNA pol lambda is associated to telomeres of cells in vivo . Replication protein A negatively regulates this activity, but its inhibition can be counteracted by the Rad9/Hus1/Rad1 complex and the Protection of Telomeres protein 1, which physically interact with and stimulate DNA pol lambda. We show that the telomeric non‐coding RNAs, TERRA can compete with telomeric DNA for annealing and elongation by DNA pol lambda and that Pot1 can counteract this effect. We propose that R‐loops formed by TERRA RNAs at telomeres can function as entry point for the strand invasion during ALT, in a recombination‐independent mechanism. In addition, DNA pol lambda may help to bypass TERRA R‐loops during telomere DNA replication. Supported by an Italian Cancer Research Association AIRC grant.
Clinical Trial Protocol: Developing an Image Classification Algorithm for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Three-dimensional Multiparametric Transrectal Ultrasound (2023)

This study aims to develop an ultrasound-based imaging modality for PCa detection. Subsequent head-to-head validation trials with magnetic resonance imaging have to be performed in order to determine its role in clinical practice for risk stratification in patients suspected for PCa.
Local Maxima and Improved Exact Algorithm for MAX-2-SAT (2016)

Given a MAX-2-SAT instance, we define a local maximum to be an assignment such that changing any single variable reduces the number of satisfied clauses. We consider the question of the number of local maxima that an instance of MAX-2-SAT can have. We give upper bounds in both the sparse and nonsparse case, where the sparse case means that there is a bound $d$ on the average number of clauses involving any given variable. The bounds in the nonsparse case are tight up to polylogarithmic factors, while in the sparse case the bounds are tight up to a multiplicative factor in $d$ for large $d$. Additionally, we generalize to the question of assignments which are maxima up to changing $k&gt; 1$ variables simultaneously; in this case, we give explicit constructions with large (in a sense explained below) numbers of such maxima in the sparse case. The basic idea of the upper bound proof is to consider a random assignment to some subset of the variables and determine the probability that some fraction of the remaining variables can be fixed without considering interactions between them. The bounded results hold in the case of weighted MAX-2-SAT as well. Using this technique and combining with ideas from Ref. 6, we find an algorithm for weighted MAX-2-SAT which is faster for large $d$ than previous algorithms which use polynomial space; this algorithm does require an additional bounds on maximum weights and degree.
Carbon (2002)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Diamond 2.1. General Sources 2.2. Properties and Structure of Natural Diamond 2.3. Diamond Synthesis 2.3.1. HPHT Synthesis 2.3.2. The Diamond Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Process 2.3.3. Diamond CVD Techniques 2.3.3.1. Nonthermal Plasma CVD 2.3.3.2. Thermal Plasma Diamond CVD 2.3.3.3. Other CVD Techniques 3. Graphite 3.1. Single Crystal 3.2. Natural Graphite 3.3. Artificial Graphite 4. Carbon and Graphite Materials 4.1. Carbon and Graphite Artifacts 4.1.1. Manufacture 4.1.2. Properties 4.1.3. Applications 4.1.4. Economic Aspects 4.2. Other Classes of Carbon 4.2.1. Glassy Carbon 4.2.2. Pyrocarbon and Pyrographite 4.3. Graphite Compounds 4.3.1. Surface Complexes 4.3.2. Graphite Intercalation Compounds 4.4. Expanded Graphite and Graphite Foil Derived from Intercalation Compounds 5. Activated Carbon 5.1. General Aspects 5.2. Carbonaceous Adsorbents 5.2.1. Types of Carbonaceous Adsorbents 5.2.2. Chemical Properties 5.2.3. Mechanical Properties 5.2.4. Adsorption Properties 5.2.5. Quality Control 5.3. Production 5.3.1. General Aspects 5.3.2. Raw Materials 5.3.3. Activating Furnaces 5.3.4. Methods of Activation 5.3.4.1. Chemical Activation 5.3.4.2. Gas Activation 5.3.5. Granular and Pelletized Carbons 5.3.6. Carbon Molecular Sieves 5.3.7. Further Treatment 5.3.8. Impregnation 5.4. Applications 5.4.1. Gas-Phase Applications 5.4.1.1. Solvent Recovery 5.4.1.2. Process-Gas and Air Purification 5.4.1.3. Gas Separation 5.4.1.4. Gasoline Vapor Adsorption 5.4.1.5. Flue Gas Cleaning 5.4.2. Liquid-Phase Applications 5.4.2.1. Water Treatment 5.4.2.2. Micellaneous Liquid-Phase Applications 5.4.3. Impregnated Activated Carbon 5.4.4. Catalysts and Catalyst Supports 5.5. Regeneration and Reactivation 5.6. Economic Aspects 6. Carbon Black 6.1. Physical Properties 6.2. Chemical Properties 6.3. Raw Materials 6.4. Production Processes 6.4.1. Furnace Black Process 6.4.2. Gas Black and Channel Black Processes 6.4.3. Lamp Black Process 6.4.4. Thermal Black Process 6.4.5. Acetylene Black Process 6.4.6. Other Manufacturing Processes 6.4.7. Oxidative Aftertreatment of Carbon Black 6.4.8. Environmental Problems 6.5. Testing and Analysis 6.6. Storage and Transportation 6.7. Uses 6.8. Economic Aspects 6.9. Toxicology and Occupational Health 7. Fullerenes 7.1. History 7.2. Production 7.2.1. Vaporization of Graphite 7.2.2. Fullerene Synthesis by Combustion 7.2.3. Pyrolysis of Naphthalene 7.3. Structure and Nomenclature 7.4. Physical Properties 7.5. Chemical Properties 7.5.1. Addition Reactions 7.5.2. Hydrogenation 7.5.3. Halogenation 7.5.4. Reduction 7.6. Endohedral Fullerenes 7.7. Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures 7.8. Application Properties of Fullerenes
Data from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer vaccination may be our best and most benign option for preventing or treating metastatic cancer. However, breakthroughs are hampered by immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we analyzed whether cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a ligand for stimulator of interferon genes (STING), could overcome immune suppression and improve vaccination against metastatic breast cancer. Mice with metastatic breast cancer (4T1 model) were therapeutically immunized with an attenuated &lt;i&gt;Listeria monocytogenes&lt;/i&gt; (LM)–based vaccine, expressing tumor-associated antigen Mage-b (LM-Mb), followed by multiple low doses of c-di-GMP (0.2 μmol/L). This treatment resulted in a striking and near elimination of all metastases. Experiments revealed that c-di-GMP targets myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor cells. Low doses of c-di-GMP significantly increased the production of IL12 by MDSCs, in correlation with improved T-cell responses to Mage-b, whereas a high dose of c-di-GMP (range, 0.3–3 mmol/L) activated caspase-3 in the 4T1 tumor cells and killed the tumor cells directly. On the basis of these results, we tested one administration of high-dose c-di-GMP (3 mmol/L) followed by repeated administrations of low-dose c-di-GMP (0.2 μmol/L) in the 4T1 model, and found equal efficacy compared with the combination of LM-Mb and c-di-GMP. This finding correlated with a mechanism of improved CD8 T-cell responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) Mage-b and Survivin, most likely through cross-presentation of these TAAs from c-di-GMP–killed 4T1 tumor cells, and through c-di-GMP–activated TAA-specific T cells. Our results demonstrate that activation of STING-dependent pathways by c-di-GMP is highly attractive for cancer immunotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 2(9); 901–10. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
What Law School Curriculum Committees Can Learn from Architecture Schools (2016)

This article discusses the critical review (crit) and the studio as the signature pedagogies of architecture schools, and suggests how that model might apply or help us to think about experiential education (both simulation and clinical instruction) in law schools.
Nanomatériaux pour la catalyse : le spray a le vent en poupe (2009)

Clément Sanchez, directeur de l’équipe « Matériaux hybrides » (UMR 7574) du laboratoire de Chimie de la matière condensée Les zéolithes, catalyseurs à base d’alumino-silicates utilisés actuellement pour le raffinage du pétrole, présentent un réseau de micropores de diamètre généralement inférieur à 1nm. Seules de petites molécules peuvent pénétrer dans le réseau pour être efficacement transformées : on cherche donc, depuis plus de 40 ans, à augmenter la taille des pores des catalyseurs tout e...
Controlled Placement of Luminescent Molecules and Polymers in Mesostructured Sol−Gel Thin Films (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTControlled Placement of Luminescent Molecules and Polymers in Mesostructured Sol−Gel Thin FilmsRaquel Hernandez, Anne-Christine Franville, Payam Minoofar, Bruce Dunn, and Jeffrey I. ZinkView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 6, 1248–1249Publication Date (Web):January 23, 2001Publication History Received10 October 2000Published online23 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003634ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003634erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views694Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Luminescence,Molecules,Polymers,Silica,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Pu(V)O2+ Adsorption and Reduction by Synthetic Magnetite (Fe3O4) (2004)

Changes in aqueous- and solid-phase Pu oxidation state were monitored over time in magnetite (Fe3O4) suspensions containing 239Pu(V)-amended 0.01 M NaCl. Oxidation state distribution was determined by leaching of Pu into an aqueous phase followed by an ultrafiltration/solvent extraction technique. The capability of the technique to measure Pu oxidation state distribution was verified using 230Th(IV), 237Np(V), and 233U(VI) as oxidation state analogues. Reduction of Pu(V) was observed at all pH values (pH 3 to 8) and magnetite concentrations (10 to 100 m2 L(-1)). In the pH range 5 to 8, adsorption was a rate-limiting step, and reduction was mediated by the solid phase; at pH 3 reduction occurred in the aqueous phase. The overall reaction (describing both adsorption and reduction of Pu(V)) was found to be approximately first order with respect to the magnetite concentration and of order -0.34+/-0.02 with respect to the hydrogen ion concentration. Assuming first order dependence with respect to Pu, the overall reaction rate constant was calculated as k(rxn) = 4.79+/-0.62 x 10(-8) (m(-2) L)0.99(mol(-1) L)-0.34(s(-1)). The Pu(IV) solid-phase species became more stable over time.
Construction of Insulin 18‐mer Nanoassemblies Driven by Coordination to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Ions at Distinct Sites (2016)

Controlled self-assembly (SA) of proteins offers the possibility to tune their properties or to create new materials. Herein, we present the synthesis of a modified human insulin (HI) with two distinct metal-ion binding sites, one native, the other abiotic, enabling hierarchical SA through coordination with two different metal ions. Selective attachment of an abiotic 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) ligand to HI, yielding HI-bipy, enabled Zn(II)-binding hexamers to SA into trimers of hexamers, [[HI-bipy]6]3, driven by octahedral coordination to a Fe(II) ion. The structures were studied in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering and on surfaces with AFM. The abiotic metal ligand had a higher affinity for Fe(II) than Zn(II) ions, enabling control of the hexamer formation with Zn(II) and the formation of trimers of hexamers with Fe(II) ions. This precise control of protein SA to give oligomers of oligomers provides nanoscale structures with potential applications in nanomedicine.
Distribution Characteristics and Contamination Assessment of Arsenic in Surface Sediments of Lake Chaohu,China (2012)

Different fractions of arsenic of surface sediments taken from Lake Chaohu were studied using BCR sequential extraction procedure,and the pollution level of arsenic was evaluated.The results indicated that the total content of arsenic was higher than the background value obtained from the statistics of 663 sediment samples in 9 lakes in a regional eco-geochemical survey.The pollution mostly existed in the east and west part of the lake while lower content in the middle part.It was found that arsenic was distributed mainly in residual fraction,being attributed to 68.64%-79.24% of total arsenic.The contents of soluble fraction,reducible fraction and oxidisable fraction were 1.18-2.82,0.73-2.01 and 0.05-1.06 mg/kg,respectively.The relative average proportion of the three fractions was 3.83:2.90:1.The total content of arsenic was higher in the west part of the lake than that in the east part,while the oxidisable fraction of arsenic was higher in the east part of the lake.The contents of arsenic were closely related with the pollution loads of organic matter and nutrients of the drainage area,which indicated that the residual fraction of arsenic might be transformed to the soluble and reducible fractions.Furthermore,the pollution level of the sediments in Lake Chaohu was evaluated by Haknson's index,Geoaccumulation index and Sediment quality guidelines.The results showed that arsenic pollution and its potential risk were lower.Therefore,it would not cause a serious threat to the surrounding environment and organisms in short term.