gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microelectromechanical filters for signal processing (1998)

Microelectromechanical filters based on coupled lateral microresonators are demonstrated. This new class of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has potential signal-processing applications for filters which require narrow bandwidth (high Q), good signal-to-noise ratio, and stable temperature and aging characteristics. Microfilters presented in this paper are made by surface-micromachining technologies and tested by using an off-chip modulation technique. The frequency range of these filters is from approximately 5 kHz to on the order of 1 MHz for polysilicon microstructures with suspension beams having a 2-/spl mu/m-square cross section. A series-coupled resonator pair, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure, has a measured center frequency of 18.7 kHz and a pass bandwidth of 1.2 kHz. A planar hermetic sealing process has been developed to enable high quality factors for these mechanical filters and make possible wafer-level vacuum encapsulations. This process uses a low-stress silicon nitride shell for vacuum sealing, and experimental results show that a measured quality factor of 2200 for comb-shape microresonators can be achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Examination of 1‐(3‐Methoxy‐4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐aminopropane and 5‐Methoxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐aminoindan: Similarities to 3,4‐(Methylenedioxy)methamphetamine (MDMA). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coordinated Activation of Toll-Like Receptor8 (TLR8) and NLRP3 by the TLR8 Agonist, VTX-2337, Ignites Tumoricidal Natural Killer Cell Activity (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01334177.
The Protective Effect of Cynara Cardunculus Extract in Diet-Induced NAFLD: Involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 Transporter Subfamily (2020)

Hyperlipidemia and insulin-resistance are often associated with Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) thereby representing a true issue worldwide, due to increased risk of developing cardiovascular and systemic disorders. Although clear evidence suggests that circulating fatty acids contribute in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and hyperlipidemia, further studies are required for better identify potential beneficial approaches for counteracting such a disease state. Recently, several artichoke extracts have been used for both reducing hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD, though the mechanism is unclear. Here we used a wild type of Cynara Cardunculus extract (CyC), rich in sesquiterpens and antioxidant active ingredients, in rats fed and High Fat Diet (HFD) compared to Normal Fat Diet (NFD). In particular, in rats fed HFD for four consecutive weeks, we found a significant increase of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum glucose. This effect was accompanied by increased body weight and by histopathological features of liver steatosis. The alterations of metabolic parameters found in HFD were antagonised dose-dependently by daily oral supplementation of rats with CyC 10 and 20 mg/Kg over 4 weeks, an effect associated to significant improvement of liver steatosis. The effect of CyC (20 mg/Kg) was also associated to enhanced expression of both OCTN1 and OCTN2 carnitine-linked transporters. Thus, present data suggest a contribution of carnitine system in the protective effect of CyC in diet-induced hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD.
Evaluation of coded CDMA with interference cancellation (2003)

The performance of an asynchronous CDMA system (up-link) employing very low-rate maximum free distance codes for combined coding and spreading is analyzed when successive or parallel interference cancellation is applied. An analytical approach to the evaluation of the bit error rate is presented and shown to give results close to simulations. Our results show that the code-spread system outperforms the conventionally coded and spread system. Without interference cancellation the single-user bound is never reached (except for one user). With two stages of parallel interference cancellation, a code-spread system with a load only slightly less than 1 bit/chip can obtain a bit error rate very close to that of a single-user system.
Fabrication of ADC12 porous Al / pure Al bilayer pipe (2016)

Porous aluminum is a multifunctional material with ultra light weight and high energy absorption properties. In the past study, pure Al dense pipe were fabricated and combining it with ADC12 porous Al by applying friction welding. Precursor of ADC12 porous Al was fabricated by adding blowing agent powder into ADC12 plates by means of applying friction stir processing. The precursor was put into the fabricated pure Al pipe, and the rotating tool was pressed into the precursor. Friction heat was generated and ADC12 precursor / pure Al dense pipe composite materials were fabricated by friction welding. It was shown that metal bending between porous Al and pure Al pipe of the composites can be realized. Therefore in this study, ADC12 porous Al / pure Al bilayer pipe were fabricated to combine ADC12 porous Al to the outside of pure Al by applying friction welding. As the result, this specimen with porosities of 73.6 % was successfully fabricated.
Interfacial reaction in ZrO2/Si gate-stack structure probed by photoemission spectroscopy combined with combinatorial annealing system (2006)

We have investigated the mechanism of Zr silicidation from ZrO2/Si gate-stack structure in ultralarge-scaled-integration devices by high-resolution core-level photoemission spectroscopy with annealing-temperature controlling. We have found that the interfacial SiO2 layer thickness is tunable by controlling the annealing temperature and the silicidation occurs in the narrow annealing-temperature ranges. New method by combinatorial annealing system enables to control the narrow-range annealing temperature for the observation of the silicidation processes and to discuss the silicidation chemical reaction thermodynamically based on the annealing-temperature dependence in core-level photoemission spectra. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2006.263]
Shaken Adult Syndrome (2013)

The intracranial and ophthalmologic findings that are characteristic of abusive head trauma--subdural hemorrhages, optic nerve sheath hemorrhages, and retinal hemorrhages--are generally thought to be limited to young children and infants. Adults may also be victims of shaking abuse, and an ophthalmic examination may be beneficial when shaking is suspected.
Envisioning a Human-AI collaborative system to transform policies into decision models (2022)

Regulations govern many aspects of citizens' daily lives. Governments and businesses routinely automate these in the form of coded rules (e.g., to check a citizen's eligibility for specific benefits). However, the path to automation is long and challenging. To address this, recent global initiatives for digital government, proposing to simultaneously express policy in natural language for human consumption as well as computationally amenable rules or code, are gathering broad public-sector interest. We introduce the problem of semi-automatically building decision models from eligibility policies for social services, and present an initial emerging approach to shorten the route from policy documents to executable, interpretable and standardised decision models using AI, NLP and Knowledge Graphs. Despite the many open domain challenges, in this position paper we explore the enormous potential of AI to assist government agencies and policy experts in scaling the production of both human-readable and machine executable policy rules, while improving transparency, interpretability, traceability and accountability of the decision making.
Enantioselective Intramolecular Cyclopro-panation Using Modified Cinchona Alkaloids (2006)

The authors present an organocatalytic, intramolecular route to bicyclic [4.1.0]-alkanes, generating three stereocenters at once. Modified cinchona alkaloids quinine and quinidine are used as catalysts. Moderate to high yields of a single diastereomer are obtained with enantiomeric ratios exceeding 96:4 in all reported cases and for both enantiomers. Moreover, the tricyclic 5-7-6 framework of structures like guanacastepene A or rameswaralide is shown to be easily accessible through a reaction sequence with a cyclo­propanation as the key step.
Gray tracking correction for TFT-LCDs (2003)

The consistency of the white point with the input gray level is referred in the world of display technology as gray tracking. Gray tracking is an issue for Twisted Nematic (TN) TFT-LCD screens which typically show a bluish color shift of the white point when the gray level decreases. This paper discusses some causes of this color shift in TN displays and proposes a method for correcting it by using the existing video card look-up tables (VLUT) in the graphic controller driving the panel. The correction process performs the gamma correction and the gray tracking correction using a single set of three 1D look-up tables. The gray tracking correction uses the luminance and the chrominance information of the R, G, B channels. For a target gamma and white point, each VLUT entry that corresponds to a certain luminance and chrominance (target color), the method computes the output RGB values of the VLUT such that, the resulted gray has the minimum color difference to the target color. The method proves to be effective in removing the colorcast on the TN TFT-LCD screens. The method is different from a previous published paper from the same author by minimizing the loss of the luminance due to the tuning of the chrominance.
Group B Streptococcus pilus sortase regulation: a single mutation in the lid region induces pilin protein polymerization in vitro (2013)

Gram-positive bacteria build pili on their cell surface via a class C sortase-catalyzed transpeptidation mechanism from pilin protein substrates. Despite the availability of several crystal structures, pilus-related C sortases remain poorly characterized to date, and their mechanisms of transpeptidation and regulation need to be further investigated. The available 3-dimensional structures of these enzymes reveal a typical sortase fold, except for the presence of a unique feature represented by an N-terminal highly flexible loop known as the "lid." This region interacts with the residues composing the catalytic triad and covers the active site, thus maintaining the enzyme in an autoinhibited state and preventing the accessibility to the substrate. It is believed that enzyme activation may occur only after lid displacement from the catalytic domain. In this work, we provide the first direct evidence of the regulatory role of the lid, demonstrating that it is possible to obtain in vitro an efficient polymerization of pilin subunits using an active C sortase lid mutant carrying a single residue mutation in the lid region. Moreover, biochemical analyses of this recombinant mutant reveal that the lid confers thermodynamic and proteolytic stability to the enzyme.
Low-Virulence Citrobacter Species Encode Resistance to Multiple Antimicrobials (2002)

Citrobacter spp. are gram-negative commensal bacteria that infrequently cause serious nosocomial infections in compromised hosts. They are often resistant to cephalosporins due to overexpression of their chromosomal beta-lactamase. During a recent study of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) in solid-organ transplant patients, we found that almost half of patients colonized with MDRE carried one or more cefpodoxime-resistant Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter braakii, or Citrobacter amalonaticus strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 36 unique strains of Citrobacter were present among 32 patients. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the resistance mechanisms of these bacteria showed that the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) SHV-5 or SHV-12 was encoded by 8 strains (26%) and expressed by 7 strains (19%). A number of strains were resistant to other drug classes, including aminoglycosides (28%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (31%), and fluoroquinolones (8%). PCR and DNA analysis of these multiresistant strains revealed the presence of class I integrons, including the first integrons reported for C. braakii and C. amalonaticus. The integrons encoded aminoglycoside resistance, trimethoprim resistance, or both. Despite the prevalence of MDR Citrobacter spp. in our solid-organ transplant patients, only a single infection with a colonizing strain was recorded over 18 months. Low-virulence Citrobacter spp., which can persist in the host for long periods, could influence pathogen evolution by accumulation of genes encoding resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.
The ``Swiss cheese'' instability of bacterial biofilms (2012)

We demonstrate a novel pattern that results in bacterial biofilms as a result of the competition between hydrodynamic forces and adhesion forces. After the passage of an air plug, the break-up of the residual thin liquid film scrapes and rearranges bacteria on the surface, such that a ‘Swiss cheese’ pattern of holes is left in the residual biofilm. Bacteria often adhere to surfaces, where they develop polymer-encased communities (biofilms) that display dramatic resistance to antibiotic treatment. The permanence of biofilms on surfaces thus poses serious risks of infections and transmission of pathogens so that a better understanding of bacterial detachment from biofilms using shear or air bubbles may lead to novel strategies for biofilm disruption and removal. Using microcontact printing, we created hydrophobic patches on glass substrates, which strongly favor bacterial attachment and on which biofilms rapidly develop. After the establishment of a biofilm patch, we inject a controlled air plug and observed its effect on the biofilm patch. After 8 h of biofilm growth, the passage of an air plug causes the formation of an intriguingly regular pattern where regions of surface-adhering bacteria alternate with ‘holes’ i.e. regions from which bacteria have been. This Swiss-cheese pattern results from a delicate balance between hydrodynamic forces and adhesion forces, as demonstrated by experiments with 4 h and 12 h old biofilm patches. Bacterial attachment after 4 h growth was weak, as demonstrated by the nearly complete detachment of the biofilm after the passage of an air plug. Bacterial attachment after 12 h, on the other hand, was so strong that an air plug produced almost no detachment. High-resolution videos of the dynamics of hole formation show that the residual liquid film left after passage of the air plug ruptures at discrete locations and the ensuing movement of the local contact line scrapes bacteria outwards, creating holes. This new pattern of biofilm rearrangement needs to be considered when shear-based removal strategies are designed, as biofilm removal might be confused with biofilm rearrangement. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment might be affected by this previously unrecognized spatial biofilm pattern in ways that will be interesting to characterize. ar X iv :1 21 0. 44 26 v1 [ ph ys ic s. bi oph ] 1 5 O ct 2 01 2
Mast Cell-Dependent Contraction of Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell-Containing Collagen Gels: Influence of Cytokines, Matrix Metalloproteases, and Serine Proteases (2009)

In asthma, mast cells infiltrate the airway smooth muscle cell layer and secrete proinflammatory and profibrotic agents that contribute to airway remodeling. To study the effects of mast cell activation on smooth muscle cell-dependent matrix contraction, we developed coculture systems of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASM) with primary human mast cells derived from circulating progenitors or with the HMC-1 human mast cell line. Activation of primary human mast cells by IgE receptor cross-linking or activation of HMC-1 cells with C5a stimulated contraction of HASM-embedded collagen gels. Contractile activity could be transferred with conditioned medium from activated mast cells, implicating involvement of soluble factors. Cytokines and proteases are among the agents released by activated mast cells that may promote a contractile response. Both IL-13 and IL-6 enhanced contraction in this model and the activity of IL-13 was ablated under conditions leading to expression of the inhibitory receptor IL-13Ralpha2 on HASM. In addition to cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and serine proteases induced matrix contraction. Inhibitor studies suggested that, although IL-13 could contribute to contraction driven by mast cell activation, MMPs were critical mediators of the response. Both MMP-1 and MMP-2 were strongly expressed in this system. Serine proteases also contributed to contraction induced by mast cell-activating agents and IL-13, most likely by mediating the proteolytic activation of MMPs. Hypercontractility is a hallmark of smooth muscle cells in the asthmatic lung. Our findings define novel mechanisms whereby mast cells may modulate HASM-driven contractile responses.
CD4+T cells in ageing-associated interstitial lung abnormalities show evidence of pro-inflammatory phenotypic and functional profile (2020)

CD4+T cells from ILA subjects are highly proliferative and show an excessive functional activity, likely related to the loss of KLRG1 expression, which may contribute to an inflammatory state and the development of ILA.
Affine pairings on ARM (2011)

Abstract. Pairings on elliptic curves are being used in an increasing number of cryptographic applications on many different devices and platforms, but few performance numbers for cryptographic pairings have been reported on embedded and mobile devices. In this paper we give performance numbers for affine and projective pairings on a dual-core Cortex A9 ARM processor and compare performance of the same implementation across three platforms: x86, x86-64 and ARM. Using a fast inversion in the base field and doing inversion in extension fields by using the norm map to reduce to inversions in smaller fields, we find a very low ratio of inversion-to-multiplication costs. In our implementation, this favors using affine coordinates on all three platforms, even for the current 128-bit minimum security level specified by NIST. We use Barreto-Naehrig (BN) curves and report on the performance of an optimal ate pairing for curves covering security levels roughly between 128 and 192 bits. We compare with other reported performance numbers for pairing computation on ARM processors.
Abstract 15574: A Subcutaneous Platform for RNAi Therapeutics Targeting ANGPTL3 (2013)

RNAi therapeutics have gone from an idea in 2002 to positive clinical trial results in phase 1 and 2 by 2013, remarkable progress for a novel technology. Our initial clinical delivery systems consisted of siRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) dosed via an intravenous route. Utilizing this system we were able to demonstrate proof of concept in humans with ALN-PCS, an RNAi therapeutic targeting PCSK9, which reduced both plasma PCSK9 as well as the clinically validated endpoint of LDL-C. For many metabolic diseases, however, a subcutaneous route of administration is much preferred. We have recently demonstrated that subcutaneous delivery of siRNA conjugated to a triantennary N -acetylgalactosamine ligand enables robust and sustained target silencing with siRNA uptake mediated by the hepatocyte-specific asiologlycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) was recently implicated via human genetic studies in the regulation of lipoprotein levels. We have identified active siRNA molecules targeting ANGPTL3 and have demonstrated their ability to lower circulating ANGPTL3 protein, resulting in the reduction of Total-cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglycerides in various animal models of metabolic disease. In addition, we have identified several potent siRNA-GalNAc conjugates capable of lowering ANGPLT3 via subcutaneous dosing. Results from pre-clinical studies on ANGPTL3 and the application of a subcutaneous platform for RNAi therapeutics targeting genes implicated in metabolic disease will be presented
The SEMATECH Berkeley MET: extending EUV learning down to 16nm half pitch (2011)

Several high-performing resists identified in the past two years have been exposed at the 0.3-numerical-aperture (NA) SEMATECH Berkeley Microfield Exposure Tool (BMET) with an engineered dipole illumination optimized for 18-nm half pitch. Five chemically amplified platforms were found to support 20-nm dense patterning at a film thickness of approximately 45 nm. At 19-nm half pitch, however, scattered bridging kept all of these resists from cleanly resolving larger areas of dense features. At 18-nm half pitch, none of the resists were are able to cleanly resolve a single line within a bulk pattern. With this same illumination a directly imageable metal oxide hardmask showed excellent performance from 22-nm half pitch to 17-nm half pitch, and good performance at 16-nm half pitch, closely following the predicted aerial image contrast. This indicates that observed limitations of the chemically amplified resists are indeed coming from the resist and not from a shortcoming of the exposure tool. The imageable hardmask was also exposed using a Pseudo Phase-Shift-Mask technique and achieved clean printing of 15-nm half pitch lines and modulation all the way down to the theoretical 12.5-nm resolution limit of the 0.3-NA SEMATECH BMET.
Unmanned Aerial Mass Spectrometer Systems for In-Situ Volcanic Plume Analysis (2015)

Technology advances in the field of small, unmanned aerial vehicles and their integration with a variety of sensor packages and instruments, such as miniature mass spectrometers, have enhanced the possibilities and applications of what are now called unmanned aerial systems (UAS). With such technology, in situ and proximal remote sensing measurements of volcanic plumes are now possible without risking the lives of scientists and personnel in charge of close monitoring of volcanic activity. These methods provide unprecedented, and otherwise unobtainable, data very close in space and time to eruptions, to better understand the role of gas volatiles in magma and subsequent eruption products. Small mass spectrometers, together with the world's smallest turbo molecular pump, have being integrated into NASA and University of Costa Rica UAS platforms to be field-tested for in situ volcanic plume analysis, and in support of the calibration and validation of satellite-based remote sensing data. These new UAS-MS systems are combined with existing UAS flight-tested payloads and assets, such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, SO2, H2S, CO2, GPS sensors, on-board data storage, and telemetry. Such payloads are capable of generating real time 3D concentration maps of the Turrialba volcano active plume in Costa Rica, while remote sensing data are simultaneously collected from the ASTER and OMI space-borne instruments for comparison. The primary goal is to improve the understanding of the chemical and physical properties of emissions for mitigation of local volcanic hazards, for the validation of species detection and abundance of retrievals based on remote sensing, and to validate transport models.