gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation Induced Absorption in Rare Earth Doped Optical Fibers (2012)

We have investigated the radiation induced absorption (RIA) of optical fibers with high active ion concentration. Comparing our results to the literature leads us to the conclusion that RIA appears to be only weakly dependent on the rare earth dopant concentration. Instead, co-dopants like Al, Ge, or P and manufacturing processes seem to play the major role for the radiation sensitivity. It is also observed that different types of irradiation cause very similar RIA at the same dose applied, with the exception at very high dose rates. It has been studied how RIA can be efficiently reduced via moderate heating. Recovery of up to 70% of the original transmission has been reached after annealing at 450 K. We conclude that radiation induced color centers have weak binding energies between 20 and 40 meV. This suggests that annealing could become a key strategy for an improved survival of rare earth doped fibers in radiative environments, opening up new possibilities for long-term missions in space.
Qualitative analysis of the Meals, Mindfulness, & Moving Forward (M3) lifestyle programme: Cultivating a ‘safe space’ to start on a ‘new path’ for youth with early episode psychosis (2020)

The results suggest that young people with FEP value a non-stigmatizing space that allows for social engagement and facilitates healthy behaviours. Short-term, M<sup>3</sup> participants reported behaviour change but wanted on-going support to sustain healthy behaviours.
ChemInform Abstract: Thin Films of Niobium and Niobium Oxides by PECVD. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spatially incoherent joint transform correlators (1992)

A rotational shearing interferometer was used to demonstrate a spatially incoherent joint transform correlator. This system has the ability to perform a correlation between two complex functions (images) borne on spatially incoherent illumination, without the use of holographic filters. The output intensity distribution of the interferometer includes a term that is related to a Fourier spectrum of the input image. We digitally processed this output intensity, removed its dc level, and squared the remaining function. The resultant joint spectrum was displayed on a spatial light modulator, located at the input plane of a conventional coherent 2- f reconstruction system. We demonstrate various cases of transversely and axially separated auto and cross correlations using this system.
High-Purity Generation and Power-Efficient Multiplexing of Optical Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes in a Ring Fiber for Spatial-Division Multiplexing Systems (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Yan, J. Yang, Y. Yue, R. Mohammad, H. Huang, N. Ahmed, L. Zhang, J. Wang, S. Dolinar, M. Tur, and A. E. Willner, "High-Purity Generation and Power-Efficient Multiplexing of Optical Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes in a Ring Fiber for Spatial-Division Multiplexing Systems," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper JTh2A.58. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Via optimization for next generation speeds (2017)

Optimizing via placement is becoming important as signaling speeds increase for next generation interconnects. Random placement of ground (GND) return path vias next to signal vias would result in less than optimal performance of an interconnect. It will result in resonances in insertion loss at higher frequencies. In this paper, a methodology for optimal placement of GND vias is proposed that will not only decrease the resonances in insertion loss but also minimize the crosstalk between adjacent differential vias.
Regorafenib inhibits tumor progression through suppression of ERK/NF-κB activation in hepatocellular carcinoma bearing mice (2018)

Regorafenib has been demonstrated in our previous study to trigger apoptosis through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep1 cells <i>in vitro</i> However, the effect of regorafenib on NF-κB-modulated tumor progression in HCC <i>in vivo</i> is ambiguous. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of regorafenib on NF-κB-modulated tumor progression in HCC bearing mouse model. pGL4.50 luciferase reporter vector transfected SK-Hep1 (SK-Hep1/<i>luc2</i>) and Hep3B 2.1-7 tumor bearing mice were established and used for the present study. Mice were treated with vehicle or regorafenib (20 mg/kg/day by gavage) for 14 days. Effects of regorafenib on tumor growth and protein expression together with toxicity of regorafenib were evaluated with digital caliper and bioluminescence imaging (BLI), <i>ex vivo</i> Western blotting immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and measurement of body weight and pathological examination of liver tissue, respectively, in SK-Hep1/<i>luc2</i> and Hep3B 2.1-7 tumor bearing mice. The results indicated regorafenib significantly reduced tumor growth and expression of phosphorylated ERK, NF-κB p65 (Ser536), phosphorylated AKT, and tumor progression-associated proteins. In addition, we found regorafenib induced both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Body weight and liver morphology were not affected by regorafenib treatment. Our findings present the mechanism of tumor progression inhibition by regorafenib is linked to suppression of ERK/NF-κB signaling in SK-Hep1/<i>luc2</i> and Hep3B 2.1-7 tumor bearing mice.
Mitigation of Membrane Biofouling in MBR Using a Cellulolytic Bacterium, Undibacterium sp. DM-1, Isolated from Activated Sludge (2017)

Biofilm formation on the membrane surface results in the loss of permeability in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. Studies have revealed that cellulose is not only produced by a number of bacterial species but also plays a key role during formation of their biofilm. Hence, in this study, cellulase was introduced to a MBR as a cellulose-induced biofilm control strategy. For practical application of cellulase to MBR, a cellulolytic (<i>i.e</i>., cellulase-producing) bacterium, <i>Undibacterium</i> sp. DM-1, was isolated from a lab-scale MBR for wastewater treatment. Prior to its application to MBR, it was confirmed that the cell-free supernatant of DM-1 was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation and of detaching the mature biofilm of activated sludge and cellulose-producing bacteria. This suggested that cellulase could be an effective anti-biofouling agent for MBRs used in wastewater treatment. <i>Undibacterium</i> sp. DM-1-entrapping beads (<i>i.e</i>., cellulolytic-beads) were applied to a continuous MBR to mitigate membrane biofouling 2.2-fold, compared with an MBR with vacant-beads as a control. Subsequent analysis of the cellulose content in the biofilm formed on the membrane surface revealed that this mitigation was associated with an approximately 30% reduction in cellulose by cellulolytic-beads in MBR.
Oxygen dependence of metabolic fluxes and energy generation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-1A (2008)

13C-constrained MFA enabled quantitative determination of intracellular fluxes in conditions of different redox challenges without including redox cofactors in metabolite mass balances. A redistribution of fluxes was observed not only for respirative, respiro-fermentative and fermentative metabolisms, but also for cells grown with 2.8%, 1.0% and 0.5% oxygen. Although the cellular metabolism was respiro-fermentative in each of these low oxygen conditions, the actual amount of oxygen available resulted in different contributions through respirative and fermentative pathways.
Characterization of time-dependent variability using 32k transistor arrays in an advanced HK/MG technology (2015)

Here we show that nFET and pFET time-dependent variability, in addition to the standard time-zero variability, can be fully characterized and projected using a series of measurements on a large test element group (TEG) fabricated in an advanced High-k/Metal Gate (HK/MG) technology, thus allowing us to fully characterize the underlying technology. BTI is shown to follow a bimodal defect-centric behavior, for NBTI related to Interface Layer (IL)(SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and HK trapping and for PBTI related to HK and IL/HK interface trapping. Moreover for the first time, an analytical description of the bimodal total ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> shift is derived, as a special case of the generalized defect-centric distribution, which we derive in this work to accurately describe the tail of the distribution.
Slow Self-Activation Enhances The Potency of Viridin Prodrugs (2008)

When the viridin wortmannin (Wm) is modified by reaction with certain nucleophiles at the C20 position, the compounds obtained exhibit an improved antiproliferative activity even though a covalent reaction between C20 and a lysine in the active site of PI3 kinase is essential to Wm's ability to inhibit this enzyme. Here we show that this improved potency results from an intramolecular attack by the C6 hydroxyl group that slowly converts these inactive prodrugs to the active species Wm over the 48 h duration of the antiproliferative assay. Our results provide a guide for selecting Wm-like compounds to maximize kinase inhibition with the variety of protocols used to assess the role of PI3 kinase in biological systems, or for achieving optimal therapeutic effects in vivo . In addition, the slow self-activation of WmC20 derivatives provides a mechanism that can be exploited to obtain kinase inhibitors endowed with physical and pharmacokinetic properties far different from man-made kinase inhibitors because they do not bind to kinase active sites.
Introduction: European cities: local societies and collective actors? (2000)

Europe is inconceivable without its cities. Ever since Venetian and Genoese merchants established east–west trade routes to do business with German and Flemish cloth merchants, since the bankers of Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London and Florence invested large sums in business ventures and expeditions and in loans to the nobility and sovereigns of their time, since the corporations and guilds of master craftsmen and merchants acquired or purchased charters, since boroughs were formed throughout Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, cities have been the melting pot of Europe. Whether they developed within the 'interstices of feudalism' that were dominant in France and in England, or whether they were sufficiently powerful to marginalise the aristocracy, they nurtured new political ideas, capitalism in its nascent form, the bourgeoisie, the arts and culture, and individualism. Cities have shaped the imagination and the life of Europeans.
Increased IL-8 production in human bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to azithromycin-pretreatedPseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro (2014)

Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not typically susceptible to azithromycin (AZM) in in vitro tests, AZM improves the clinical outcome in patients with chronic respiratory infections, in which both the modulation of the host immune system and of bacterial virulence by AZM are thought to play an important role. However, there is currently little direct evidence showing the impact of bacteria pretreated with AZM on epithelial cells, which represents the first barrier to infecting P. aeruginosa. In this study, we pretreated P. aeruginosa with AZM and subsequently infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) in the absence of AZM. The results showed that AZM-pretreated P. aeruginosa (PAO1 and six different clinical isolates) significantly stimulated HBE cells to release IL-8, a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine. This effect was not observed in a P. aeruginosa PAO1 mutant strain unable to produce the type III secretion system effector gene pcrV (strain PW4017). Our results suggest that AZM-pretreated P. aeruginosa could indirectly exacerbate pro-inflammation by inducing IL-8 production in HBEs.
Novel Mechanically Stacked Multi-Junction Solar Cells Applying Ultra-Thin III-V Cells and Wafer Based Germanium Cell (2010)

Compared with monolithically stacked multi-junction solar cells, the approach of mechanically stacking junctions allows more freedom on cell design and material choice. Since there is no requirement on current matching, mechanically stacked multi-junction solar cells are not sensitive to spectrum variations, thus have a high performance potential in terms of annual energy output. The trade-off of such an approach is its increased complexity in solar cell processing. At IMEC, we have developed a low temperature thin layer transfer process for the manufacturing of mechanical stack. First Gallium Arsenide-Germanium mechanically stacked dual-junction solar cells have been successfully demonstrated, with the GaAs top junction consisting of only active cell layer of about 4µm. Efficiencies of 23.2% for GaAs junction, 1.9% for Ge junction, have been achieved under AM1.5 global spectrum.
Development of a Packaging Storage Format for Electronic Comic Services with Metadata (2008)

In this paper, The proposed e-comic storage format for comic contents packages comic images with related information such as additional contents, bibliographic information, user information and related contents based on the ISO base media file format that facilitates interchange, management, editing, and presentation of comic contents.
Aldehydes: α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks by Optimally Assigning Energy Supplies (2013)

The extension of the network lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an important issue that has not been appropriately solved yet. This paper addresses this concern and proposes some techniques to plan an arbitrary WSN. To this end, we suggest a hierarchical network architecture, similar to realistic scenarios, where nodes with renewable energy sources (denoted as primary nodes) carry out most message delivery tasks, and nodes equipped with conventional chemical batteries (denoted as secondary nodes) are those with less communication demands. The key design issue of this network architecture is the development of a new optimization framework to calculate the optimal assignment of renewable energy supplies (primary node assignment) to maximize network lifetime, obtaining the minimum number of energy supplies and their node assignment. We also conduct a second optimization step to additionally minimize the number of packet hops between the source and the sink. In this work, we present an algorithm that approaches the results of the optimization framework, but with much faster execution speed, which is a good alternative for large-scale WSN networks. Finally, the network model, the optimization process and the designed algorithm are further evaluated and validated by means of computer simulation under realistic conditions. The results obtained are discussed comparatively.
P2‐079: Cortical amyloid deposition and parahippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (2008)

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show parahippocampal atrophy and amyloid deposition mainly in cerebral cortex. We investigated the correlation between parahippocampal atrophy assessed by using voxel-based morphometry and amyloid deposition estimated by [11C]PIB-PET. Participants were 12 patients with AD, 11 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 17 healthy controls. We estimated the distribution volume ratio (DVR) using Logan graphical analysis. We also performed VBM analysis using spm5 for each MR images and assessed Z scores of hippocampal volumes by VOI analysis. Weak positive correlation between DVRs of [11C]PIB-PET and parahippocampal Z scores estimated by VBM analysis were shown (r=0. 39, p<0.05). As to two cases of patients with early-onset AD, however, Z scores of parahippocampal area were almost normal and cortical DVRs were high. Moreover, Z scores of parahippocampal area were high and cortical DVRs were not abnormally high. Weak positive correlation between cortical amyloid deposition and parahippocampal atrophy were shown.
Challenges in physical chip design (2000)

Chip industry obeys a number of laws, various kinds of laws. Mathematical laws if accurate models can be formulated, physical laws, especially solid state physics, obtained by observation and induction, chemical laws pertinent for the manufacturing processes, economical and judicial laws that concern such industries. These laws still hold true, although technology has come a long way since they were formulated. Obviously, modern technologies require a completely different design flow. Homogeneous processors do not benefit much from parts of a traditional flow. The emphasis should be more on modeling applications as networks of communicating processes in a suitable specification language. Equally important is reuse of specification software, considering the short life spans of integrated circuits and the demand for short paths to the market. General multilayer designs require complete new layout synthesis tools. Placement is obsolete and even floorplan design for each layer is not adequate because of the strong geometrical constraints. Wire planning will be more of a must, but has to acquire a more precise meaning in this application. The challenges posed by the unavoidable escape routes, to break free from the confinements of conventional large scale integration methodologies, is the topic of this paper.
Geologic Environment of HVDC Ground Currents as Related to Buried Pipelines (1968)

The rapid advances made in the technology of high voltage direct currents (HVDC) during recent years have become well known to engineers concerned with the use of direct current (DC) as a means of power transmission. Numerous conferences and symposia, as well as an impressive volume of literature, have been devoted to this subject in a relatively short span of time. Despite an effective interplay of various technologies, many areas of uncertainty still exist with respect to the design and operation of HVDC systems. Such uncertainties relate especially to effects upon the surroundings when high current concentrations are permitted to flow through the earth as a return path.
Efficient Paging Control for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A System (2012)

This paper studies paging operation when carrier aggregation (CA) is adopted in LTE-A system. A numerical analysis is provided and shows signaling overhead would increase significantly if paging is not properly controlled under CA. To overcome the problem, efficient paging controls are proposed while adaptive paging configurations on different component carrier are able to resist excessive overhead. In additional, a hierarchical paging message delivery scheme is jointly controlled to take paging latency into account. The results demonstrate that our proposal can work well in different environments with minimum changes in 3GPP specification.
The Connexions Project: Promoting Open Sharing of Knowledge for Education (2003)

The Connexions project at Rice University has created an open repository of educational materials and tools to promote sharing and exploration of knowledge as a dynamic continuum of interrelated concepts.Available free of charge to anyone under open-content and open-source licenses, Connexions offers high-quality, custom-tailored electronic course material, is adaptable to a wide range of learning styles, and encourages students to explore the links among concepts, courses, and disciplines.Connexions fosters worldwide, cross-institution communities of authors, instructors, and students, who collaborate on the creation of knowledge building blocks from which courses are constructed.The ideas and philosophy embodied by Connexions have the potential to change the very nature of teaching and learning, producing a dynamic, interconnected educational environment that is pedagogically sound, both time and cost efficient, and engaging. Faculty and Student Perceptions of Education"Why don't they see the bigger picture?" vs. "Why am I studying this!"The frustration experienced by instructors and students alike throughout the teaching and learning process has been a key motivation for developing Connexions.After teaching one of his undergraduate Engineering courses in Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Dr.Richard Baraniuk had the feeling that his students just weren't "getting it."Their knowledge reflected in the exams showed they had absorbed what he had taught, but he doubted they understood how the pieces were related.So he took a handful of his most successful students from the course and asked them to tell him what they had learned.They were quick to recite the topics they had learned in the order he had taught them ("first we learned a, then we learned b," etc.)It was a linear progression through the course rather than a deeper understanding of how the topics they studied were interrelated.Rich realized that it was important to somehow present the information in a way that would show how the concepts in his course were connected to each other, as well as to concepts they studied in prerequisite courses and courses that would follow.In this way, students could easily refresh their memories with information they learned earlier and look to other courses to see how what they were learning now would be relevant to more advanced topics.
Influence of different Al-Cu substrates on the properties of laser metal deposited Al coatings (2018)

The application of coatings to structures is generally done in order to locally tailor properties. For this purpose, powder-based laser metal deposition (LMD) can be utilized. The resulting properties of the coatings are not only affected by the LMD process parameters, but also by the substrate material. In this regard, the chemical composition as well as its initial microstructure of the substrate has a significant influence. In the present study two Al-Cu alloy substrates, 2139 and 2198, are used for the LMD of pure Al powder. The resulting coatings possess clearly different properties, although the same process parameters are used.
Identifying Potential Applications for Lamina Emergent Mechanisms Using Technology Push Product Development (2010)

The maturation of lamina emergent mechanism (LEM) technology allows for incorporation into new products. LEMs are defined by three basic, functional characteristics: they (1) are compliant; (2) are fabricated from planar materials; and (3) emerge from a flat initial state. The associated advantages, design challenges, and design tools of each of these characteristics are described. A discussion of opportunities for LEMs that are enabled by the advantages of the functional characteristics is also included. Technology push product development processes were employed in a LEM workshop where seventeen industry professionals helped identify over 200 potential applications for the technology. The most promising ideas are described for disposable LEMs, novel arrays of LEMs, scaled LEMs, LEMs with surprising motion, shock absorbing LEMs, and deployable LEMs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐HIV Evaluation of 3′‐Triazolo Nucleosides. (2011)

Abstract A series of title compounds of type (I) and (II) are tested for their anti‐HIV activities.