gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac sarcoidosis: a clinical entity uncommonly recognized. (2009)

A 47-year-old black woman with no relevant medical history was brought to the emergency room after a syncopal episode. The electrocardiogram obtained at admission showed an ectopic atrial rhythm with trifascicular block (Fig. 1). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a normal left ventricular ejection fraction with mild left ventricular hypertrophy and regional wall motion abnormalities in the basal septum and anterolateral wall. Myocardial perfusion scanning with technetium 99m sestamibi showed multiple fixed perfusion defects in the noncoronary distribution (Fig. 2), but subsequent selective coronary angiography showed no evidence of significant coronary artery disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed delayed hyperenhancement (myocardial fibrosis) in the lateral wall of the left ventricle (Fig. 3) and in the basal interventricular septum (Fig. 4), which was similar to the findings on the myocardial perfusion scan. At this point, we strongly suspected the presence of cardiac sarcoidosis, so a computed tomographic scan of the chest was performed. It showed multiple mediastinal lymph nodes. Therefore, a guided biopsy of these abnormal mediastinal lymph nodes was performed by means of mini-video-assisted thoracic surgery. Histopathologic examination of the specimen revealed noncaseating granulomas (Fig. 5). The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was confirmed.



Fig. 1 A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram shows ectopic atrial rhythm with 1st-degree atrioventricular block, right bundle branch block, and left anterior fascicular block (trifascicular block).





Fig. 2 Technetium 99m sestamibi scan reveals multiple fixed perfusion defects.





Fig. 3 Gadolinium-enhanced inversion-recovery magnetic resonance imaging shows hyperenhancement in the lateral wall of the left ventricle.





Fig. 4 Gadolinium-enhanced inversion-recovery magnetic resonance imaging shows hyperenhancement in the basal interventricular septum.





Fig. 5 Photomicrograph of the mediastinal lymph node biopsy shows noncaseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells characteristic of sarcoidosis (H & E, orig. ×40).
The continued hunt for the elusive standard short regimen for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (2020)

<b>In low- and middle-income countries, treatment of highly selected MDR-TB patients with a standardised 9–12 month regimen leads to 80% or better successful treatment outcomes</b>http://bit.ly/384SFpY
Modeling of the Off-Axis High Power Diode Laser Cladding Process (2010)

Off-axis high power diode laser (HPDL) cladding is commonly used for surface quality enhancement such as coating, part repairing, etc. Although some laser cladding models are available in literature, little has been reported on the modeling of powder flow and molten pool for a rectangular beam with side powder injection. In this article, a custom-designed flat nozzle delivers the powder material into a distinct molten pool formed by a HPDL with a rectangular beam. A powder model is first presented to reveal the powder flow behavior below the flat nozzle. Key parameters such as nozzle inclination angle, rectangular beam profile, shielding gas flow rates, and powder feed rate are incorporated so that spatial powder density, powder velocity, and temperature distribution are distinctly investigated. Then in order to describe thermal and fluidic behaviors around the molten pool formed by the rectangular beam, a three-dimensional self-consistent cladding model is developed with the incorporation of the distributed powder properties as input. The level set method is adopted to track the complex free surface evolution. Temperature fields and fluid motion in the molten pool area resulting from the profile of rectangular beam are distinctly revealed. The effect of continuous mass addition is also embedded into the governing equations, making the model more accurate. A HPDL cladding with little dilution is formed and the simulated results agree well with the experiment.
Advanced negative resists using novel aminoplast crosslinkers (1998)

Current negative tone resists based on poly(4- hydroxystyrene) and aminoplast crosslinkers suffer from the limited solubility of commercially available crosslinkers in the most common casting solvents. The aminoplast crosslinkers also increase the dissolution rate of the base resin in aqueous alkaline developer. The lithographic performance of these resists is often limited by microbridging at high resolution. In this paper, synthesis of a series of glycoluril based aminoplast crosslinkers is described and the lithographic performance of resist formulations incorporating such compounds is discussed.
An Expectation-Maximization Approach to Tuning Generalized Vector\n Approximate Message Passing (2018)

Generalized Vector Approximate Message Passing (GVAMP) is an efficient\niterative algorithm for approximately minimum-mean-squared-error estimation of\na random vector $\\mathbf{x}\\sim p_{\\mathbf{x}}(\\mathbf{x})$ from generalized\nlinear measurements, i.e., measurements of the form $\\mathbf{y}=Q(\\mathbf{z})$\nwhere $\\mathbf{z}=\\mathbf{Ax}$ with known $\\mathbf{A}$, and $Q(\\cdot)$ is a\nnoisy, potentially nonlinear, componentwise function. Problems of this form\nshow up in numerous applications, including robust regression, binary\nclassification, quantized compressive sensing, and phase retrieval. In some\ncases, the prior $p_{\\mathbf{x}}$ and/or channel $Q(\\cdot)$ depend on unknown\ndeterministic parameters $\\boldsymbol{\\theta}$, which prevents a direct\napplication of GVAMP. In this paper we propose a way to combine expectation\nmaximization (EM) with GVAMP to jointly estimate $\\mathbf{x}$ and\n$\\boldsymbol{\\theta}$. We then demonstrate how EM-GVAMP can solve the phase\nretrieval problem with unknown measurement-noise variance.\n
<title>Operation of a long-pulse backward-wave oscillator using a disk cathode</title> (2001)

Recent work at the University of New Mexico has studied the use of a circular disk cathode as the electron source in a long-pulse Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) experiment. The use of this cathode was motivated by recent studies by Loza and Strelkov of the General Physics Institute in Russia that demonstrated that a relativistic electron beam with stable cross section could be sustained for over one microsecond. In our first investigations using this new cathode configuration we found that the microwave pulse length generated from a long pulse BWO increased somewhat compared to the case when a traditional annular `cookie-cutter' cathode was used. We attribute this pulse lengthening to the hypothesis that the disk cathode generates a relativistic electron beam that is less likely to radially expand, thereby minimizing wall interception and the generation of unwanted plasma. In this paper we describe details of work- in-progress relating to a comparison of microwave generation from a disk cathode and annular cathode in a long-pulse BWO.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: basic mechanisms and hope for new therapies (2019)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening cardiomyopathy characterized by acute or slow progression of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction of <45%) late in pregnancy, during delivery, or in the first postpartum months, in women with no other identifiable causes of heart failure. PPCM patients display variable phenotypes and risk factor profiles, pointing to involvement of multiple mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease. The higher risk for PPCM in women with African ancestry, the prevalence of gene variants associated with cardiomyopathies, and the high variability in onset and disease progression in PPCM patients also indicate multiple mechanisms at work. Experimental data have shown that different factors can induce and drive PPCM, including inflammation and immunity, pregnancy hormone impairment, catecholamine stress, defective cAMP-PKA, and G-protein-coupled-receptor signalling, and genetic variants. However, several of these mechanisms may merge into a common major pathway, which includes unbalanced oxidative stress and the cleavage of the nursing hormone prolactin (PRL) into an angiostatic, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory 16 kDa-PRL fragment, resulting in subsequent vascular damage and heart failure. Based on this common pathway, potential disease-specific biomarkers and therapies have emerged. Despite commonalities, the variation in aetiology and mechanisms poses challenges for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of the disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on the clinical presentation of PPCM in the context of recent experimental research. It discusses the challenge to develop disease-specific biomarkers in the context of rapid changing physiology in the peripartum phase, and outlines possible future treatment and management strategies for PPCM patients.
Depressive-like Behavior Is Accompanied by Prefrontal Cortical Innate Immune Fatigue and Dendritic Spine Losses after HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Exposure (2023)

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV are comorbid epidemics that can increase depression. HIV and the viral protein Tat can directly induce neuronal injury within reward and emotionality brain circuitry, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Such damage involves both excitotoxic mechanisms and more indirect pathways through neuroinflammation, both of which can be worsened by opioid co-exposure. To assess whether excitotoxicity and/or neuroinflammation might drive depressive behaviors in persons infected with HIV (PWH) and those who use opioids, male mice were exposed to HIV-1 Tat for eight weeks, given escalating doses of morphine during the last two weeks, and assessed for depressive-like behavior. Tat expression decreased sucrose consumption and adaptability, whereas morphine administration increased chow consumption and exacerbated Tat-induced decreases in nesting and burrowing-activities associated with well-being. Across all treatment groups, depressive-like behavior correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in the PFC. Nevertheless, supporting the theory that innate immune responses adapt to chronic Tat exposure, most proinflammatory cytokines were unaffected by Tat or morphine. Further, Tat increased PFC levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which were exacerbated by morphine administration. Tat, but not morphine, decreased dendritic spine density on layer V pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate. Together, our findings suggest that HIV-1 Tat and morphine differentially induce depressive-like behaviors associated with increased neuroinflammation, synaptic losses, and immune fatigue within the PFC.
Diminished Cortical Thickness Is Associated with Impulsive Choice in Adolescence (2018)

Adolescence is characterized by both maturation of brain structure and increased risk of negative outcomes from behaviors associated with impulsive decision-making. One important index of impulsive choice is delay discounting (DD), which measures the tendency to prefer smaller rewards available soon over larger rewards delivered after a delay. However, it remains largely unknown how individual differences in structural brain development may be associated with impulsive choice during adolescence. Leveraging a unique large sample of 427 human youths (208 males and 219 females) imaged as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between delay discounting and cortical thickness within structural covariance networks. These structural networks were derived using non-negative matrix factorization, an advanced multivariate technique for dimensionality reduction, and analyzed using generalized additive models with penalized splines to capture both linear and nonlinear developmental effects. We found that impulsive choice, as measured by greater discounting, was most strongly associated with diminished cortical thickness in structural brain networks that encompassed the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and temporoparietal junction. Furthermore, structural brain networks predicted DD above and beyond cognitive performance. Together, these results suggest that reduced cortical thickness in regions known to be involved in value-based decision-making is a marker of impulsive choice during the critical period of adolescence.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Risky behaviors during adolescence, such as initiation of substance use or reckless driving, are a major source of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we present evidence from a large sample of youths that diminished cortical thickness in specific structural brain networks is associated with impulsive choice. Notably, the strongest association between impulsive choice and brain structure was seen in regions implicated in value-based decision-making; namely, the ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Moving forward, such neuroanatomical markers of impulsivity may aid in the development of personalized interventions targeted to reduce risk of negative outcomes resulting from impulsivity during adolescence.
Air Target Detection Using Navigation Receivers Based on GPS L5 Signals (2011)

The secondary application of navigation receivers can be in Bistatic Radar (BS) with a non-cooperative transmitter. The classical variant of BS radar is concerned with the case when the bistatic angle β is smaller than 140°. The second variant of a BS system that is known as forward scattering radar (FSR) is considered in this paper. It is the case when the target is located close to the baseline and the target RCS is significantly enhanced compared to the typical values. Our hypothesis is that this is one of good variants to create the net of GPS fences for protection of very important objects. This paper presents several approaches for rough estimation of an air target detection performance using FSR with navigation receivers based on the GPS L5 signal and also for rough estimation of the the main lobe size (detection range and target shadow length) of in FS situation. The detection characteristics are calculated for the case when low-flying and poorly maneuverable (for example, helicopters) air targets are detected on the background of a white Gaussian noise, or in the presence of: Urban Interference Environment or a Stand-off-Jammer (SOJ).
Analysis of a linear model for electrical stimulation of axons-critical remarks on the "activating function concept" (2001)

A comprehensive description of a linear model of an axon of infinite length exposed to an external voltage is presented. The steady-state transmembrane potential is derived as a function proportional to the convolution product of the second spatial difference sn of the external potential (the "activating function") and the impulse response psin of a spatial low-pass filter. The impulse response psin represents the influence of the axon and is fully characterized by the axon's length constant lambda. A closed-form solution of the cable equation can be given in the spatial Fourier domain. Due to a "spectral acceleration effect", the overall transmembrane potential approximates the steady-state considerably faster than an exponential with the axon's membrane time constant tau. The effect is increasingly pronounced, the smaller the distance between the electrode and the axon. Regarding myelinated fibers and practically relevant electrode/axon distances and pulse widths, the transmembrane potential at the end of a stimulation pulse can be substantially better approximated by the steady-state condition than by the initial response as claimed by the "activating function concept." Quantitative limits for the range of validity of the activating function concept are derived.
A Prediction Model for Reflection on Varnished Metallic Plates (2002)

Several models predict the reflectance of a rough metallic surface. They are however not adapted to the surfaces used in the packaging industry, such as boxes made of printed metallic plates. For printing purposes, metallic surfaces need to be varnished. Light reflection properties are therefore modified. We propose methods which adapt existing reflectance models to varnished surfaces. We also present a correction capable of predicting the reflectance even if incident light is not collimated, i.e. not composed of parallel rays.
Digital Systems Power Management for High Performance Mixed Signal Platforms (2014)

High performance mixed signal (HPMS) platforms require stringent overall system and subsystem performance. The ability to design ultra-low power systems is used in a wide range of platforms including consumer, mobile, identification, healthcare products and microcontrollers. In this paper we present an overview of low power design techniques, challenges and opportunities faced in an industrial research environment. The paper presents strategies on the deployment of low power techniques that span from power-performance optimization scenarios accounting for active and standby operation modes to the development of multi-core architectures suitable for low voltage operation.
Fast label-free photoacoustic-histology (Conference Presentation) (2019)

A Frozen section examination is the conventional intraoperative histology method widely used in cancer surgery for tumor margin assessment. However, this method is necessary to perform complicated process including sectioning and staining, which require approximately 15 minutes. Particularly with the ultraviolet (UV) laser (266 nm), photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) showed the capability to visualize cell nuclei without the time consuming procedures by utilizing superior optical contrast of DNA/RNA at this wavelength, which can be a potential alternative of the frozen section. However, previously developed UV-PAM is limited to be applied in intraoperative scenarios because it has suffered from slow imaging speed because of 2D mechanical scanning with linear stepper motors. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fast UV-PAM system based on a 2-axis waterproof microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner with the specially fabricated optical components for UV light. This MEMS scanner enables to scan 3 × 3 mm2 range and acquire 400 × 400 pixels image within 20 seconds. The measured spatial and axial resolutions of the developed system are 2.2 and 39 μm, respectively. Finally, we acquired the histology-like PA image of the mouse kidney with characteristic tubular structures of kidney epithelial cells. In the mouse brain, distinct microstructures such as hippocampus and dentate gyrus were differentiated with the validation of frozen section sample.
Robustness evaluation of deadbeat, direct torque and flux control for induction machine drives (2009)

Field oriented control methodologies are one of the dominant industry standards for induction machine drives. While this classical approach has continuously improved, direct torque control (DTC) has emerged as an alternative approach. Deadbeat, direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) is a more recent scheme and employs a discrete-time model inversion to achieve decoupled control of both torque and flux with a one PWM period response time. From z-transform-based deadbeat control design theory, it is known that incorrectly estimated system parameters can lead to forced oscillations. Therefore, it was the goal of this research to rigorously evaluate the robustness of DB-DTFC and to investigate if its advantageous properties are maintained under perturbed operating conditions. An in-depth analysis first isolates the observer's influence from the control law's sensitivity to detuned parameters at critical operating points. An enhanced flux estimation accuracy model is derived and analyzed numerically. Then, sets of a comprehensive collection of experiments are used to evaluate DB-DTFC's robustness in comparison to the de facto standard of indirect field oriented control. It is shown that the main contributor to decreased robustness is the flux estimation algorithm — not the DBDTFC controller itself. The experimental results demonstrate nearly ideal deadbeat control performance and a high level of robustness compared to other control methodologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotide Base Recognition: Synthesis of Artificial Receptors Containing Two Distinct Binding Regions for the Complexation of Bisthymine Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract The diacid chloride (I) is coupled with 4‐propargyloxy‐2,6‐diaminopyridine (II) under high dilution conditions to give the macrocyclic dicarboxamide (III).
Unit-of-Use versus Traditional Intravenous Piggyback Drug Administration Systems (1979)

Journal Article Unit-of-Use versus Traditional Intravenous Piggyback Drug Administration Systems Get access Dennis A. Tribble, Pharm.D., Dennis A. Tribble, Pharm.D. Assistant Director Department of Pharmacy Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chicago, Il 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Fotis, Michael Fotis Assistant Director Department of Pharmacy Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chicago, Il 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Donald E. McDonald, M.S. Donald E. McDonald, M.S. Director Department of Pharmacy Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chicago, Il 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 36, Issue 6, 1 June 1979, Pages 739–742, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/36.6.739a Published: 01 June 1979
Longevity is determined by ETS transcription factors in multiple tissues and diverse species (2019)

Ageing populations pose one of the main public health crises of our time. Reprogramming gene expression by altering the activities of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) can ameliorate deleterious effects of age. Here we explore how a circuit of TFs coordinates pro-longevity transcriptional outcomes, which reveals a multi-tissue and multi-species role for an entire protein family: the E-twenty-six (ETS) TFs. In Drosophila, reduced insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) extends lifespan by coordinating activation of Aop, an ETS transcriptional repressor, and Foxo, a Forkhead transcriptional activator. Aop and Foxo bind the same genomic loci, and we show that, individually, they effect similar transcriptional programmes in vivo. In combination, Aop can both moderate or synergise with Foxo, dependent on promoter context. Moreover, Foxo and Aop oppose the gene-regulatory activity of Pnt, an ETS transcriptional activator. Directly knocking down Pnt recapitulates aspects of the Aop/Foxo transcriptional programme and is sufficient to extend lifespan. The lifespan-limiting role of Pnt appears to be balanced by a requirement for metabolic regulation in young flies, in which the Aop-Pnt-Foxo circuit determines expression of metabolic genes, and Pnt regulates lipolysis and responses to nutrient stress. Molecular functions are often conserved amongst ETS TFs, prompting us to examine whether other Drosophila ETS-coding genes may also affect ageing. We show that five out of eight Drosophila ETS TFs play a role in fly ageing, acting from a range of organs and cells including the intestine, adipose and neurons. We expand the repertoire of lifespan-limiting ETS TFs in C. elegans, confirming their conserved function in ageing and revealing that the roles of ETS TFs in physiology and lifespan are conserved throughout the family, both within and between species.