gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral habit selection on nanostructured epitaxial quartz films (2015)

Understanding the crystallization of enantiomorphically pure systems can be relevant to diverse fields such as the study of the origins of life or the purification of racemates. Here we report on polycrystalline epitaxial thin films of quartz on Si substrates displaying two distinct types of chiral habits that never coexist in the same film. We combine Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis and computer-assisted crystallographic calculations to make a detailed study of these habits of quartz. By estimating the surface energies of the observed crystallites we argue that the films are enantiomorphically pure and we briefly outline a possible mechanism to explain the habit and chiral selection in this system.
Critical parameters in drug delivery by intravenous infusion (2013)

Intravenous infusion systems contribute significantly to clinical care, but in a deceptively simple way. Several critical parameters combine to influence the performance of an infusion system, with a number of pitfalls potentially confounding utility of the technology. Safe and effective clinical application of intravenous infusion technology depends on an appreciation of this complexity which impacts the performance of infusion systems.
Effect of PWM inverters on AC motor bearing currents and shaft voltages (1996)

This paper investigates AC induction motor shaft voltage problems, current flow through motor bearings and electric discharge current problems within bearings when operated under both pure sinewave and pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter sources. Experience suggests that PWM voltage sources with steep wavefronts especially increase the magnitude of the above electrical problems, leading to motor bearing material erosion and early mechanical failure. Previous literature suggests that shaft voltage-bearing current problems under 60 Hz sinewave operation are predominantly electromagnetically induced. It is proposed that under PWM operation these same problems are now predominantly an electrostatic phenomenon. A system model to describe this phenomenon is characterized and developed. Construction and test of a new electrostatic shielded induction motor (ESIM) verifies this model and is also a possible solution to the bearing current problem under PWM operation.
Tension-Efficient Cable-Driven Robot Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization (2015)

Cable-driven robots have advantages which make them attractive solutions for a variety of tasks, however, the unidirectional nature of cable actuators complicates the design and often results in multiply redundant cable architectures which increase cost and robot complexity. This paper presents a stochastic optimization approach to the problem of designing a cable routing for a cable-driven manipulator to provide the desired robot workspace while minimizing the cable tensions required to perform a desired task. Two cable routing design variants are developed for a robot leg through the application of a stochastic optimization methodology called Particle Swarm Optimization. The PSO methodology is summarized, followed by a description of the specific implementation of the methodology to the particular problem of optimizing the cable routing of a robot leg. An objective function is developed to capture all pertinent design criteria in a quantitative evaluation of each particular set of cable parameters. Finally, a description of the PSO execution is presented and the results of the two optimization problems are presented and discussed.
Molecular Transport in Ionic Polymer Membranes Under an Applied Voltage (2013)

Abstract : Herein, we present direct measurements of ion dynamics of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIm-TFSI) in an operating EDLC with electrodes composed of porous nanosized carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) and non-porous onion-like carbons (OLCs) with the use of in situ infrared spectroelectrochemistry. For CDC electrodes, IL ions (both cations and anions) were directly observed entering and exiting CDC nanopores during charging and discharging of the EDLC. Conversely, for OLC electrodes, IL ions were observed in close proximity to the OLC surface without any change in the bulk electrolyte concentration during charging and discharging of the EDLC. This provides experimental evidence that charge is stored on the surface of OLCs in OLC EDLCs without long-range ion transport through the bulk electrode. In addition, for CDC EDLCs with mixed electrolytes of IL and propylene carbonate (PC), the IL ions were observed entering and exiting CDC nanopores, while PC entrance into the nanopores was IL concentration dependent. This work provides direct experimental confirmation of EDLC charging mechanisms that previously were restricted to computational simulations and theories. The experimental measurements presented here also provide deep insights about the molecular level transport of IL ions in EDLC electrodes that will impact the design of materials for electrical energy storage.
Effect of the Surface/Water Chemistry on the Creation of Watermarks (2012)

Although evaporation as a pure bulk phase transformation is well understood, when one adds solutes to the liquid, or brings the liquid into contact with a substrate, we obtain a new and rich variety of possible behaviors that we can access experimentally to better understand the drying dynamics of residual water droplets. Evaporation of sessile droplets with a small contact angle (below 90°) is studied here extensively on silicon substrates. We focused our work on the origin of the creation of watermarks on silicon wafers. A thorough understanding of droplet evaporation is of vital importance for examining the drying rate, the flow patterns observed inside drying drops, and the residual deposits. The concentration of each potential dissolved species (e.g. silica or silicic acid) can also be predicted and confronted to their solubility. We developed a theoretical model to predict the evaporation rate and the behavior of submillimetric droplets taking into account the characteristics of the ambient and the substrate during the drying process. We discuss also the topology of watermarks on silicon wafers in the case of a predominant evaporation phenomenon.
Chiral N-substituted porphyrins related to heme inactivation products. First crystallographic determination of absolute stereochemistry and correlation with circular dichroism (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral N-substituted porphyrins related to heme inactivation products. First crystallographic determination of absolute stereochemistry and correlation with circular dichroismKatsuaki Konishi, Yoshinori Takahata, Takuzo Aida, Shohei Inoue, and Reiko KurodaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3, 1169–1170Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00056a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00056a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
827-P: 2022 Update on the BCG Clinical Trial Programs in Advanced Type 1 Diabetes (2022)

The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine was first introduced a century ago for tuberculosis prevention and is today being tested in double-blinded, randomized clinical trials for treatment of diverse forms of autoimmunity, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis (MS) . At our institution, multiple clinical protocols are underway to test various aspects of BCG’s ability to lower HbA1c, reduce insulin requirements and change day-to-day fluctuations in blood sugars. Clinical trial subjects are in study groups including: 1) Long-term follow up of a Phase I study of BCG vaccination in longstanding T1D to study the durability of lowered HbA1c values after BCG treatment; 2) Randomized, double-blinded Phase II clinical trial testing the BCG vaccine in adults with longstanding T1D to demonstrate the reproducibility of BCG’s effects seen in the Phase I trial; 3) Radiologic study to quantify and identify through FDG-CAT scans the organs and organ systems that utilize more sugar after BCG treatment; 4) Study in adults with longstanding T1D to evaluate the effects of two doses of BCG compared to 6 doses of BCG over 5 years of observation; and 5) A soon-to-launch multi-center clinical trial of adolescents with &amp;gt; 2 years since T1D diagnosis to evaluate the potential benefits of BCG vaccination in this cohort. Basic science studies at our institution continue to show that, even in subjects with no pancreas reserve, the effects of BCG on blood sugar are mediated by the restoration of regulated sugar transport in the lymphoid system to corrected aerobic glycolysis. Patients are also being monitored by RNAseq, epigenetics, Treg cell numbers and signature gene expression to better define the mechanism of BCG’s effects. Global studies on the beneficial off-target effects of BCG on the immune system show that the impact of multi-dose vaccination in MS and T1D is seen with 2 years of follow-up and that the effects appear durable without further treatment in both MS and T1D to 5+ years. Disclosure W.Kuhtreiber: None. E.Hostetter: None. A.H.Lee: None. N.Ng: None. G.Wolfe: None. A.Aristarkhova: None. H.Zheng: None. D.L.Faustman: None. Funding Iacocca Foundation
Surface potential decay on LDPE and its nanocomposites (2017)

To elucidate capabilities of nanocomposites in a full extend, deep understanding of various physical processes induced by electric fields in the bulk and on surfaces of the materials is needed. This paper reports an investigation of surface potential decay on low-density polyethylene and its mixtures with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and MgO nanofillers. Samples of two groups materials with various thicknesses prepared using different manufacturing processes were used in the study. The samples were pre-charged by negative corona and surface potentials were measured by a non-contact technique at room temperature. The obtained results showed that the addition of nanofillers remarkably slowed down the potential decay process irrespectively of film thicknesses and fabrication processes. This is attributed to the significantly lower conductivities of LDPE nanocomposites as compared to pure material. Moreover, the conductivities of the filled materials exhibited strong electric field dependences. It is postulated that the effect can be related to the increased trap energy in the nanocomposites.
1H and 13C NMR assignments of all three isomeric o‐fluoronaphthaldehydes and three o‐fluorophenanthrene aldehydes (2009)

Three isomeric o-fluoronaphthaldehydes, 9-fluorophenanthrene, and three previously unreported o-fluorophenanthrene aldehydes were analyzed in detail by multiple NMR techniques to provide unambiguous assignment of structures and resonances. The six aldehydes serve as the key starting materials for novel chiral ligands used in highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.
<title>Feasibility study of a gas microstrip detector for medical applications</title> (1997)

The goal of this study is to optimize the gas composition medium and strip geometry of a small-field of view gas- microstrip detector for medical imaging applications, such as x-ray digital imaging, computed tomography, quantitative autoradiography, including other nuclear medicine applications. The gas multiplication factor as well as the electrical parameters of the microstrip substrate have been studied. The results of this study indicate that an adequate gas multiplication process can be achieved with a Xe filled gas detector operating up to 10 atm.
Tunable Wavelength Conversion by XPM in a Silicon Nanowire, and the Potential for XPM-Multicasting (2010)

Tunable wavelength conversion of a 10-Gb/s, return-to-zero on-off-keyed (RZ-OOK) signal has been carried out in a silicon (Si) nanowire waveguide (Si nanowire) using a pump-probe configuration and cross-phase modulation (XPM), followed by a tunable filter. This filter spectrally emulated the pass-band of a commercial 50-GHz DWDM arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The tunability of the wavelength conversion process was demonstrated over a range of 20 nm, limited only by the amplifiers and the filter, while keeping the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> -BER receiver sensitivity penalty of the converted signal to a 0.5-dB maximum. A comprehensive model of wavelength conversion by XPM (XPM-WC) was developed, which took into account two-photon absorption, the Kerr effect, and free-carrier generation. The results of the model demonstrate good agreement with the experiment, especially with respect to the observed spectral broadening. The numerical model was also used to assess the dominant contribution among the various mechanisms within the context of XPM-WC, and to investigate the potential of multicasting by XPM in the nanowire.
Gelation and Crystallization Phenomena in Polyethylene Plastomers Modified with Waxes (2021)

Polyethylene (PE) plastomers, single-site catalyst-based homogeneous linear low-density PEs (LLDPEs), combine low crystallinity, softness, and elasticity, making them ideal candidates for numerous applications such as hot-melt adhesives (HMA). As plastomers crystallize rather slowly, a number of possible low molecular weight polyolefin components were tested to accelerate solidification. An ideal modifier should accelerate solidification while maintaining transparency and softness of the base polymer. A Queo plastomer type was modified with different PE and PP waxes at concentrations of 5 to 25 wt.-%. Next to conventional calorimetry, a rheological technique was applied to study solidification. The resulting morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy, and the final compositions were investigated regarding their mechanical and optical performance. Accelerated solidification was observed in all cases, but a quite different course of structure formation could be concluded. PE waxes dissolve in the melt state, forming a lamellar network during cooling, whereas PP waxes form a heterogeneous blend in the melt for which the wax droplets solidify before the matrix. The particulate-type modification by the PP wax also affects stiffness less while retaining transparency better.
The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Rate of Cathodic Delamination (2021)

One of the leading causes of polymer-metal debonds in the marine environment is a process called “cathodic delamination” or “cathodic debonding).” The driving force for cathodic delamination is typically either a large galvanic difference between two dissimilar metals in contact with each other, or a cathodic protection system used to prevent susceptible metals comprising ship hulls from corroding in sawater. Any hardware grounded or attached to a cathodically polarized metal substrate can be unintentionally affected by the cathodic current. The voltages used by commercial cathodic protection systems trigger a significant increase in the pH of seawater immediately adjacent to cathodically polarized surface either by causing dissolved oxygen and water to react and produce hydroxyl anions or, less commonly, by converting hydrogen cations to hydrogen gas. The resulting increase in pH at the metal surface is sufficient to initiate and propagate the debonding of most polymers, paints and primers from the cathodically polarized surface. Significant increases in the useful service lifetimes for polymer-metal bonds in seawater can be realized by slowing or preventing the cathodic delamination reactions that create the high pH microenvironments on inadvertently cathodically polarized surfaces. While significant gains can be achieved by using coatings and primers that are resistant to high pH conditions, it is also important to understand how environmental factors affect the rate of cathodic delamination. Increases in temperature, salt concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration all accelerate the rate of the cathodic delamination reaction that generates hydroxyl anions on a monel 400 alloy surface cathodically polarized by a zinc sacrificial anode. Known or suspected environmental adhesive bond stressors such as thermal shock, hydrostatic pressure cycling and high hydrostatic pressure dwell times do not have a significant effect on the rate of cathodic delamination for PR-1547 polyurethane bonded to monel 400 alloy (cathodically polarized by zinc sacrificial anodes) via PR-420 primer. Interestingly and somewhat unexpectedly, alternating week-long wet/dry cycling of similar samples reduced the rate of cathodic debonding to approximately half of what would have been expected by simply considering the amount of time the samples spent submerged in salt water. Understanding the effect of environmental factors on the rate of cathodic delamination is very important for the design of accelerated life tests used to assess the long-term reliability of many kinds of hardware in the marine environment. Accelerated life testing experimental protocols can be streamlined and costs reduced by eliminating hydrostatic pressure, wet/dry and thermal shock requirements and focusing solely on temperature increases as the accelerant for the cathodic delamination process.
Fully Packaged Multichannel Cryogenic Quantum Memory Module (2023)

Realizing a quantum network will require long-lived quantum memories with optical interfaces incorporated into a scalable architecture. Color-center quantum emitters in diamond have emerged as a promising memory modality due to their optical properties and compatibility with scalable integration. However, developing a scalable color-center emitter module requires significant advances in the areas of heterogeneous integration and cryogenically compatible packaging. Here we report on a cryogenically stable and network compatible quantum emitter module for memory use. This quantum emitter module is a significant development towards advanced quantum networking applications such as distributed sensing and processing.
Development of a novel ex vivo porcine skin explant model for the assessment of mature bacterial biofilms (2013)

Bacterial biofilms have been proposed to be a major factor contributing to the failure of chronic wounds to heal because of their increased tolerance to antimicrobial agents and the prolonged inflammation they cause. Phenotypic characteristics of bacterial biofilms vary depending on the substratum to which they attach, the nutritional environment, and the microorganisms within the biofilm community. To develop an ex vivo biofilm model that more closely mimics biofilms in chronic skin wounds, we developed an optimal procedure to grow mature biofilms on a central partial-thickness wound in 12-mm porcine skin explants. Chlorine gas produced optimal sterilization of explants while preserving histological properties of the epidermis and dermis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus developed mature biofilms after 3 days that had dramatically increased tolerance to gentamicin and oxacillin (∼100× and 8,000× minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively) and to sodium hypochlorite (0.6% active chlorine). Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy verified extensive exopolymeric biofilm structures on the explants. Despite a significant delay, a ΔlasI quorum-sensing mutant of P. aeruginosa developed biofilm as antibiotic-tolerant as wild-type after 3 days. This ex vivo model simulates growth of biofilms on skin wounds and provides an accurate model to assess effects of antimicrobial agents on mature biofilms.
Transient analysis of statistical multiplexing on an ATM link (2003)

The use of statistical multiplexing in ATM networks makes the characterization of the superposition of variable-bit-rate sources necessary. This superposition is modeled by an M/G/ infinity system, for which transient characteristics are addressed. Specifically, the congestion probability on a whole interval, the congestion duration, and the volume of information lost in a congestion period are studied. For these quantities, asymptotic estimates are derived in the framework of large deviations and the central limit theorem, respectively. Comparisons with simulation results show that the approximations obtained are satisfactory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IP based Generic Control Protocol (IGCP) (2011)

This document presents a proposal for a multi-purpose Generic Control
Protocol (IGCP) for IP based networks. There is a growing need for a
generic control protocol framework that can be further customized to
specific usage contexts in which certain types of control information
exchange messages and behavior among some functional entities hosted
by different nodes or devices is desired. For example, the growing
area of self-management, self-organization and autonomic networking
introduces functional entities into the node/device and network
architectures that need to exchange control information in order to
implement self-adaptive behavior by dynamically configuring and
optimizing the network. In this Draft we capture a number of control
message exchange types of contexts (semantics) that can be
selectively applied in the exchange of control information, which can
form the basis of a generic control protocol, while at the same time
defining the part in the message format that can be further
customized according to the needs of specific functional entities
designed to use the generic control protocol for exchanging control
information. In this Draft, we present our proposal for such a
generic control protocol, whose message format is divided into two
parts: a Common Part and a Generic Data Part. The Common Part defines
a set of a variety of selectable control semantics (e.g. simple one-
way control information flow, indications of whether an
acknowledgement is needed or not, solicitations for information or
push/pull behaviors, negotiations for parameter value settings, etc).
The Generic Data Part can be further customized and structured
according to some specific use case of conveying control information
carried by the Data Part that need to be parsed and used by some
entities designed to interpret the Data Part according to their own
specific customization and structuring of the Data Part. We also give
an example domain of application of the IGCP, namely the domain of
autonom ...
Banc de test de composants en avalanche a fort courant (200A) pendant des temps courts (2 µs) (1998)

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