gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mild Hydrostatic Pressure on Red Blood Cells. (1994)

We recently reported that the adoptive transfer of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) isolated from lung and spleen tissue of green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice reversed airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. Because Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) is a pivotal receptor regulating effector T-cell activation by Tregs, we evaluated whether PD-1 is involved in the therapeutic effect of naturally occurring Tregs (NTregs) and inducible Tregs (iTregs) in cockroach (CRA)-sensitized and challenged mice. The CD4(+)CD25(+) NTregs and CD4(+)CD25(-) iTregs isolated from the lungs and spleens of BALB/c mice were adoptively transferred into CRA-sensitized and CRA-challenged mice with and without anti-PD-1 antibody (100 μg/mice). The CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in the lung were phenotyped after adoptive transfer. Concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using ELISA. The NTregs and iTregs from either lung or spleen tissue reversed airway hyperresponsiveness for at least 4 wk. However, the therapeutic effect was blocked by administering the anti-PD-1 antibody. The administration of Tregs-recipient mice with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly decreased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 expression, with low concentrations of Forkhead-winged transcriptional factor box 3 (Foxp3) mRNA transcripts in lung CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. These mice had substantially higher concentrations of BALF IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, but significantly decreased levels of BALF IL-10. Adoptive therapy recipients without the anti-PD-1 antibody exhibited high levels of CTLA-4 expression and Foxp3 transcripts in lung CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, with a significant decrease in BALF IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 concentrations and a substantial increase in BALF IL-10 concentrations. These data suggest that the reversal of airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation by Tregs is mediated in part by PD-1, because other costimulatory molecules (e.g., inducible costimulatory molecule [ICOS] or CTLA-4) have been shown to play a role in Treg-mediated suppression.
Anchoring of Surface Proteins to the Cell Wall of Staphylococcus aureus (2002)

Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are anchored to the cell wall peptidoglycan by a mechanism requiring a C-terminal sorting signal with an LPXTG motif. Surface proteins are first synthesized in the bacterial cytoplasm and then transported across the cytoplasmic membrane. Cleavage of the N-terminal signal peptide of the cytoplasmic surface protein P1 precursor generates the extracellular P2 species, which is the substrate for the cell wall anchoring reaction. Sortase, a membrane-anchored transpeptidase, cleaves P2 between the threonine (T) and the glycine (G) of the LPXTG motif and catalyzes the formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl group of threonine and the amino group of cell wall cross-bridges. We have used metabolic labeling of staphylococcal cultures with [(32)P]phosphoric acid to reveal a P3 intermediate. The (32)P-label of immunoprecipitated surface protein is removed by treatment with lysostaphin, a glycyl-glycine endopeptidase that separates the cell wall anchor structure. Furthermore, the appearance of P3 is prevented in the absence of sortase or by the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. (32)P-Labeled cell wall anchor species bind to nisin, an antibiotic that is known to form a complex with lipid II. Thus, it appears that the P3 intermediate represents surface protein linked to the lipid II peptidoglycan precursor. The data support a model whereby lipid II-linked polypeptides are incorporated into the growing peptidoglycan via the transpeptidation and transglycosylation reactions of cell wall synthesis, generating mature cell wall-linked surface protein.
Stabilization of High-Valent Metals by Corroles:  Oxo[tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrolato]chromium(V) (2000)

The aerobic reaction of Cr(CO)6 with tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (H3(TpFPC)) in toluene gives the dark red oxochromium(V) compound (TpFPC)Cr(O), which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, and EPR spectroscopy. Short Cr-N (1.927-1.943 A) bonds as well as relatively large 14N and small 53Cr coupling constants suggest that sigma (N-->Cr) donation is responsible for the unusual stability of chromium(V) in this complex. The CrV/IV reduction potential (0.11 V vs Ag/AgCl) is 0.65 V below that of oxo(tetramesitylporphinato)chromium(V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocarbohedrenes: A New Class of Molecular Clusters with Cage Structure (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spinnenseide: vom löslichen Protein zur außergewöhnlichen Faser (2009)

Abstract Am seidenen Faden : Spinnenseiden haben mechanische Eigenschaften, die jene der meisten natürlichen und synthetischen Fasern übertreffen. Wegen der Komplexität des In‐vivo‐Spinnprozesses scheiterte bislang seine Nachahmung durch klassische Spinnmethoden. Die Analyse des natürlichen Prozesses, kombiniert mit Erkenntnissen aus In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen, hilft bei der Entwicklung eines bionischen Spinnverfahrens zur Spinnenseidenherstellung (siehe Bild). magnified image Die Proteinfaser Spinnenseide ist hinsichtlich ihrer Materialeigenschaften anderen natürlichen und vielen synthetischen Fasern überlegen. In der Natur beruht die Bildung einer festen Faser aus einem löslichen Spinnenseidenprotein auf komplexen biochemischen und physikalischen Prozessen, die in spezialisierten Spinnorganen ablaufen. In diesem Aufsatz wird der natürliche Prozess der Seidenherstellung ausgehend von der Gentranskription über die Proteinverarbeitung bis hin zur abschließenden Faserbildung vorgestellt; ebenso kommen technische Verfahren zur Seidenverspinnung zur Sprache. In‐vivo‐ und In‐vitro‐Befunde auf dem Gebiet der Spinnenseidenforschung bilden die Grundlage für die Gestaltung neuer Proteine und Verarbeitungsstrategien, die die Anwendung dieser faszinierenden proteinösen Materialien in der Technik und der Medizin ermöglichen können.
Relationship between nucleotide binding and ion channel gating in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (2009)

We have employed rate-equilibrium free energy relationship (REFER) analysis to characterize the dynamic events involved in the allosteric regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. A wide range of different hydrolysable and poorly hydrolysable nucleoside triphosphates were used to elucidate the role of ATP hydrolysis in CFTR function. The linearity of the REFER plots and Phi values near unity for all ligands tested implies that CFTR channel gating is a reversible thermally driven process with all structural reorganization in the binding site(s) completed prior to channel opening. This is consistent with the requirement for nucleotide binding for channel opening. However, the channel structural transition from the open to the closed state occurs independently of any events in the binding sites. Similar results were obtained on substitution of amino acids at coupling joints between both nucleotide binding domains (NBD) and cytoplasmic loops (CL) in opposite halves of the protein, indicating that any structural reorganization there also had occurred in the channel closed state. The fact that fractional Phi values were not observed in either of these distant sites suggests that there may not be a deterministic 'lever-arm' mechanism acting between nucleotide binding sites and the channel gate. These findings favour a stochastic coupling between binding and gating in which all structural transitions are thermally driven processes. We speculate that increase of channel open state probability is due to reduction of the number of the closed state configurations available after physical interaction between ligand bound NBDs and the channel.
Probing Cell Surface “Glyco-Architecture” through Total Synthesis. Immunological Consequences of a Human Blood Group Determinant in a Clustered Mucin-like Context (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTProbing Cell Surface "Glyco-Architecture" through Total Synthesis. Immunological Consequences of a Human Blood Group Determinant in a Clustered Mucin-like ContextPeter W. Glunz, Samuel Hintermann, Jacob B. Schwarz, Scott D. Kuduk, Xiao-Tao Chen, Lawrence J. Williams, Dalibor Sames, Samuel J. Danishefsky, Valery Kudryashov, and Kenneth O. LloydView Author Information Laboratories for Bioorganic Chemistry and Tumor Antigen Immunochemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 45, 10636–10637Publication Date (Web):November 3, 1999Publication History Received6 July 1999Published online3 November 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992309shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992309srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Cells,Determinants,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
A structural study of the elastase–elastatinal complex at 2.5 Å resolution (1981)

Porcine pepsinogen!t molecular ;:.;eight 39,630, crystallizes from lithium sulfate solutions ot pH 6.0 in space group C2 '"ith a=l04.8, b=43.1, c=88.4 A and S=91.4. Diffracsion data have been collected by diffractometry to 5.4 A resolution for the native crystal and for a KzPtC14 derivative. Molecular replacement techniques
A Spiking Network for Inference of Relations Trained with Neuromorphic Backpropagation (2019)

The increasing need for intelligent sensors in a wide range of everyday objects requires the existence of low power information processing systems which can operate autonomously in their environment. In particular, merging and processing the outputs of different sensors efficiently is a necessary requirement for mobile agents with cognitive abilities. In this work, we present a multi-layer spiking neural network for inference of relations between stimuli patterns in dedicated neuromorphic systems. The system is trained with a new version of the backpropagation algorithm adapted to on-chip learning in neuromorphic hardware: Error gradients are encoded as spike signals which are propagated through symmetric synapses, using the same integrate-and-fire hardware infrastructure as used during forward propagation. We demonstrate the strength of the approach on an arithmetic relation inference task and on visual XOR on the MNIST dataset. Compared to previous, biologically-inspired implementations of networks for learning and inference of relations, our approach is able to achieve better performance with less neurons. Our architecture is the first spiking neural network architecture with on-chip learning capabilities, which is able to perform relational inference on complex visual stimuli. These features make our system interesting for sensor fusion applications and embedded learning in autonomous neuromorphic agents.
« Die Joden zijn bij mij per toeval gevonden » Hoe protestanten Joden redden in de omgeving van Antwerpen en Leuven (1942–1944) (2011)

Dit artikel is een samenvatting van het onderzoek waaraan ik in het kader van mijn licenties godsdienstwetenschappen begon in april 2005. Professor Didier Pollefeyt stond mij als historicus toe om voor zijn vak Christendom en Jodendom een paper te schrijven met betrekking tot de Shoah, die nadien kon dienen als lesmateriaal voor het vak godsdienst in het secundair onderwijs. Als kader hiervoor koos ik het in maart 1945 gepubliceerde oorlogsdagboek van Médard Schuyten, de over­grootvader van m...
<title>Synthesis of biomedical tissue</title> (1998)

Image quality assessment in medical imaging requires realistic textured background that can be statistically characterized for the computation of model observers' performance. We present a modeling framework for the synthesis of texture as well as a statistical analysis of both sample and synthesized textures. The model employs a two-component image-decomposition consisting of a slowly, spatially varying mean-background and a residual texture image. Each component is synthesized independently. The technique is demonstrated using radiological breast tissue. For statistical characterization, we compute the two-point probability density functions for the real and synthesized breast tissue textures in order to provide a complete characterization and comparison of their second-order statistics. Similar computations for other textures yield further insight into the statistical properties of these types of random fields.
Uptake and cellular recovery mechanisms in microbubble-enhanced ultrasound delivery of nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2015)

Functionalised nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to enable delivery of small silencing RNA molecules (siRNA) to cancer cells, disabling proliferation and providing a route to therapy. However the approach can be restricted to specific cell lines, limiting translation potential to in vivo treatment. Here, we investigate delivery of NPs to human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7), previously proven problematic in this regard, using ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB). In particular we examine potential mechanisms of NP uptake into cells, opportunities for optimisation and offer insight to cellular recovery post treatment. Treatment did not affect cell viability. TEM and EDX confirmed uptake of NPs into MCF7 cells via two potential routes; (i) at low MI vesicular confinement (Fig 1a) of NPs dominated, indicative of endocytosis, (ii) at higher MI both confined and free NPs were observed in the cytoplasm (Fig 1b) suggesting pore entry. In addition the presence of larger NP clusters at high MI suggests pinocytosis. Membrane pores observed via SEM support our hypothesis. Again two populations existed, large (approx. 1-2 μm) and more prevalent small pores (approx. 20-100 nm). All small pores appeared close to membrane `blebs' indicating that the recently reported sonoporation recovery mechanism may also underpin cellular preservation following minor insult at lower MI. No relationship between delivery route and frequency was observed. Since the therapeutic effect of NPs is strongly influenced by their delivery, MI could be a critical efficiency parameter. Work continues to determine influence of delivery route on breast cancer treatment.
Multiple-frequency phased array patterns for therapeutic ultrasound (2012)

Modern transducer technology allows for the design and implementation of therapeutic arrays with relatively wide bandwidths (>50%) and low cross coupling between elements. We present results from a 3.5 MHz, 64-element prototype designed for small-animal and superficial therapeutic HIFU applications (Imasonic, Inc.) This transducer has a 58% 6-dB fractional BW average on its elements allowing for therapeutic output in the frequency range of 2.7 - 4.6 MHz. We present a simulation/experimental study to evaluate and optimize the focusing capabilities of the phased array prototype when excited by multiple-frequency components. Preliminary results have shown that multiple-frequency excitation may be beneficial in enhancing the therapeutic effects of HIFU beams. A multiple-focus pattern synthesis algorithm for arrays excited by multiple-frequency signals has been developed and tested using linear pressure field simulations. The algorithm maintains the precise phase relationship between the frequency components at each focal spot to achieve a desirable outcome. Hydrophone measurements to validate the approach show that nonlinear effects at the focal location are more prominent with the frequency mixing compared to conventional single frequency excitation. An in vitro study of lesion formation in freshly excised porcine liver was investigated.
SURGICAL TREATMENT ANALYSIS OF 809 THORACOLUMBAR AND LUMBAR MAJOR ADULT – DEFORMITY CASES BY A NEW ADULT SCOLIOSIS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (2008)

Precis: A multi-centre prospective effort focused on analysis of a previously reported Classification of adult scoliosis. 809 thoracolumbar/lumbar deformities were studied. Radiographic analysis (deformity apex, lumbar lordosis, intervertebral subluxation), outcomes measures (ODI, SRS instruments) and surgical rates were examined. The Classification into Types, based on deformity apex location, and addition of modifiers (lordosis, subluxation) established clinically significant groups (disability, pain). In addition to high clinical impact, the Classification was also able to predict surgical rates. Introduction: A recently proposed radiographic classification of adult scoliosis offers a reliable method of categorizing patients. Continued work on this classification is expected to develop treatment guidelines. This investigation anald treatment patterns of a large patient population of thoracolumbar and lumbar adult scoliosis, emphasizing surgical rates and approaches by classification subtypes. Methods: This investigation anald 809 Type IV (thoracolumbar major) and Type V (lumbar major) curves from the Spinal Deformity Study Group database. Enrolled patients had complete SRS, ODI and SF-12 outcomes questionnaires and free standing full-length spine radiographs. Analysis compared non-operative versus surgical treatment (no imposed protocol) with surgical treatment assessed by approach (anterior, posterior, both), +/− osteotomies. Results: Of 809 patients, 348 were treated surgically (43%) and classified as lordosis type A (n=422), B (n=313), C (n=74). Surgical rates were greater for B vs. A (51% vs. 37%, p Discussion: In this analysis, greater lordosis or subluxation modifier score was associated with higher surgical rates. Loss of lordosis and greater subluxation grade was associated with higher rates of circumferential surgery than lordotic spines or those without significant subluxation. This information suggests the ability of this classification system to predict treatment. Longitudinal follow up will permit validation of optimal treatment by classification of adult spinal deformity.
Bortezomib, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone followed by thalidomide and dexamethasone is an effective treatment for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with Internatinal Staging System stage II or III, or extramedullary disease (2011)

We evaluated sequential bortezomib, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone (BDD) followed by thalidomide and dexamethasone (TD) if ≥ partial response (PR) or bortezomib and TD (BTD) if < PR in untreated patients with multiple myeloma with International Staging System stage II/III or extramedullary disease. Of the 42 patients enrolled, two-thirds had cytogenetic abnormalities including high-risk findings [del(13q) by karyotype, t(4;14), loss of p53 or gain 1q] in one-third. After the planned three cycles of BDD, the overall response rate (ORR) was 81% with 40% ≥ very good partial response (VGPR), including 26% near complete and complete responses (nCR/CR). After the additional two cycles of TD or BTD, ORR was 83% with 60% ≥ VGPR including 43% nCR/CR, indicating deeper responses following sequential therapy (p = 0.008). Two-thirds of patients who presented with significant renal impairment had improved renal function. All patients undergoing stem cell harvest had a successful collection. BDD followed by TD or BTD is effective initial therapy for this population with higher-risk myeloma and results in rapid disease control and a high response rate.
Kineosphaera limosa gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Gram-positive polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating coccus isolated from activated sludge. (2002)

A high-G+C gram-positive, motile, non-spore-forming coccus capable of accumulating significant amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) was isolated from an inefficient biological phosphorus removal activated sludge reactor. The cell wall of strain Lpha5T was characterized by the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid, menaquinone MK-8(H4) and a complex fatty-acid pattern consisting of C16:0 and at least five other major straight-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Strain Lpha5T also had a high G+C content (71.3 mol%). The nearest phylogenetic relative of strain Lpha5T, based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, was the high-G+C gram-positive bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis (similarity value of 94%), of the family Dermatophilaceae, class Actinobacteria. As strain Lpha5T was distinct from D. congolensis in its morphological, phenotypical (i.e. its PHA-accumulating ability and fatty-acid profile) and genetic traits (phylogeny and G+C content), it is proposed that strain Lpha5T be designated as the type species of a novel genus within the Dermatophilaceae. The name Kineosphaera limosa is proposed for strain Lpha5T (= JCM 11399T = DSM 14548T).
Raman scattering study of photoexcited plasma in GaAsBi/GaAs heterostructures: Influence of carrier confinement on photoluminescence (2023)

GaAsBi alloys are potential candidates for near-infrared optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, avalanche photodiodes, and solar cells. In this paper, photoexcited plasma in GaAs1-xBix/GaAs (1.7 ≤ x ≤ 8.6%) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The strong LO phonon-plasmon coupled mode (LOPC) was generated by continuous-wave laser excitation at room temperature. The upper branch of the LOPC mode (L+ mode) was clearly observed for Bi contents from x = 3.9–8.6%, which indicates that photoexcited carriers with relatively good carrier mobility were confined in the GaAsBi/GaAs heterostructure. The photoexcited carrier density that was obtained by line shape analysis of the Raman spectra based on a dielectric model increased as the Bi content increased from 1.7 to 6.4%. This indicates that carrier overflow from the GaAsBi layer was suppressed because of the larger conduction band offset at the GaAsBi/GaAs heterointerface. In addition, the optical mobility calculated using the damping constant of the photoexcited L+ mode gradually decreased with increasing Bi content. This may be attributed to an increased defect density with decreasing growth temperature. Our findings provide valuable insight into the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices based on GaAsBi alloys and show the potential of Raman spectroscopy for evaluation of carrier confinement in heterostructures.