gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial PAPR reduction in symbol-level precoding for the multi-beam satellite downlink (2017)

In this work, a novel symbol-level precoding scheme is proposed, for managing the multi-user interference in the forward downlink channel of a multi-beam satellite system. Besides exploiting the constructive interference effect, the proposed scheme aims at improving the robustness of the transmitted signals to the non-linear distortions of practical satellite systems. This is done by reducing the imbalances between the instantaneous power transmitted by the multiple antennas, which are detrimental in non-linear systems. More specifically, this work proposes a symbol-level precoding scheme performing the minimization of the spatial peak-to-average power ratio, under Quality-of-Service constraints. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the related optimization problem. Numerical results are presented to assess the performance of the proposed scheme, which outperforms the state of the art symbol-level precoding techniques in terms of spatial peak-to-average power ratio across the transmitting antennas.
Hypoxic encephalopathy after near-drowning studied by quantitative 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (1996)

Early prediction of outcome after global hypoxia of the brain requires accurate determination of the nature and extent of neurological injury and is cardinal for patient management. Cerebral metabolites of gray and white matter were determined sequentially after near-drowning using quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 16 children. Significant metabolite abnormalities were demonstrated in all patients compared with their age-matched normal controls. Severity of brain damage was quantified from metabolite concentrations and ratios. Loss of N-acetylaspartate, a putative neuronal marker, from gray matter preceded that observed in white matter and was more severe. Total creatine decreased, while lactate and glutamine/glutamate concentrations increased. Changes progressed with time after injury. A spectroscopic prognosis index distinguished between good outcome (n = 5) and poor outcome (n = 11) with one false negative (bad outcome after borderline MRS result) and no false positive results (100% specificity). The distinction was made with 90% sensitivity early (after 48 h) and became 100% later (by days 3 and 4). This compared with 50-75% specificity and 70-100% sensitivity based upon single clinical criteria. MRS performed sequentially in occipital gray matter provides useful objective information which can significantly enhance the ability to establish prognosis after near-drowning.
Glioblastoma Therapy with Cytotoxic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Optimized by Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor and Therapeutic Cell Response (2012)

Genetically modified adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) with tumor homing capacity have been proposed for localized therapy of chemo- and radiotherapy resistant glioblastomas. We demonstrate an effective procedure to optimize glioblastoma therapy based on the use of genetically modified hAMSCs and in vivo non invasive monitoring of tumor and therapeutic cells. Glioblastoma U87 cells expressing Photinus pyralis luciferase (Pluc) were implanted in combination with hAMSCs expressing a trifunctional Renilla reniformis luciferase-red fluorescent protein-thymidine kinase reporter in the brains of SCID mice that were subsequently treated with ganciclovir (GCV). The resulting optimized therapy was effective and monitoring of tumor cells by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) showed that after 49 days GCV treatment reduced significantly the hAMSC treated tumors; by a factor of 10(4) relative to controls. Using a Pluc reporter regulated by an endothelial specific promoter and in vivo BLI to image hAMSC differentiation we gained insight on the therapeutic mechanism. Implanted hAMSCs homed to tumor vessels, where they differentiated to endothelial cells. We propose that the tumor killing efficiency of genetically modified hAMSCs results from their association with the tumor vascular system and should be useful vehicles to deliver localized therapy to glioblastoma surgical borders following tumor resection.
Electron microscopy analysis of histone acetylation and DNA strand breaks in mouse elongating spermatids using a dual labelling approach (2010)

Chromatin remodelling steps in mammalian spermatids include posttranslational modifications of histones and DNA fragmentation. Histone H4 hyperacetylation (AcH4) establishes a chromatin state that facilitates DNA repair in somatic cells. So we sought to determine whether a similar link exists in spermatids by combining immunogold labelling with detection of DNA strand breaks, making use of gold particles of different sizes. DNA strand breaks were not detected in the vicinity of AcH4 chromatin, suggesting that this modified histone may not be involved in the aetiology of DNA fragmentation and repair in spermatids. The AcH4 reactivity, however, indicates that chromatin remodelling is distributed throughout the nucleus.
In vivo visualization of pig vagus nerve ‘vagotopy’ using ultrasound (2020)

Abstract Background Placement of the clinical vagus nerve stimulating cuff is a standard surgical procedure based on anatomical landmarks, with limited patient specificity in terms of fascicular organization or vagal anatomy. As such, the therapeutic effects are generally limited by unwanted side effects of neck muscle contractions, demonstrated by previous studies to result from stimulation of 1) motor fibers near the cuff in the superior laryngeal and 2) motor fibers within the cuff projecting to the recurrent laryngeal. Objective The use of patient-specific visualization of vagus nerve fascicular organization could better inform clinical cuff placement and improve clinical outcomes. Methods The viability of ultrasound, with the transducer in the surgical pocket, to visualize vagus nerve fascicular organization (i.e. vagotopy) was characterized in a pig model. Ultrasound images were matched to post-mortem histology to confirm the utility of ultrasound in identifying fascicular organization. Results High-resolution ultrasound accurately depicted the vagotopy of the pig vagus nerve intra-operatively, as confirmed via histology. The stereotypical pseudo-unipolar cell body aggregation at the nodose ganglion was identifiable, and these sensory afferent fascicular bundles were traced down the length of the vagus nerve. Additionally, the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified via ultrasound. Conclusions Intraoperative visualization of vagotopy and surrounding nerves using ultrasound is a novel approach to optimize stimulating cuff placement, avoid unwanted activation of motor nerve fibers implicated in off-target effects, and seed patient-specific models of vagal fiber activation to improve patient outcomes.
Aldehydes, Aliphatic (2013)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Saturated Aldehydes 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Individual Saturated C 5 –C 13 Aldehydes 2.4.1. C 5 Aldehydes 2.4.2. C 6 Aldehydes 2.4.3. C 7 Aldehydes 2.4.4. C 8 Aldehydes 2.4.5. C 9 Aldehydes 2.4.6. C 10 Aldehydes 2.4.7. C 11 Aldehydes 2.4.8. C 12 Aldehydes 2.4.9. C 13 Aldehydes 3. Unsaturated Aldehydes 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Individual Unsaturated C 5 –C 11 Aldehydes 3.4.1. C 5 Alkenals 3.4.2. C 6 Alkenals 3.4.3. C 8 Alkenals 3.4.4. C
Inset kilns and oasts (2021)

A description of the first era of oast building when the kilns were built inside (“inset”) a barn or other farm structure. Increasing demand for dried hops in the 17<sup>th</sup> century led to larger furnaces and kilns. Greater height was needed to avoid fire hazard. Many books by contemporary writers on agriculture promoted hop growing and described how to dry hops. The evidence from surviving inset kilns discussed and illustrated. Best examples in the West Midlands and the central Weald of Kent and Easy Sussex. A notable example of an inset kiln at Coxbridge Farm, Farnham.
The Function of a TiO2Compact Layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating “Planar” Organic Dyes (2008)

We present a device based study into the operation of liquid electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC's) using organic dyes. We find that, for these systems, it is entirely necessary to employ a compact TiO2 layer between the transparent fluorine doped SnO2 (FTO) anode and the electrolyte in order to reduce charge recombination losses. By incorporation of a compact layer, the device efficiency can be increased by over 160% under simulated full sun illumination and more than doubled at lower light intensities. This is strong evidence that the more widely employed ruthenium based sensitizers act as to "insulate" the anode against recombination losses and that many planar organic dyes employed in DSSC's could greatly benefit from the use of a compact TiO2 blocking layer. This is in strong contrast to DSSC's sensitized with ruthenium based systems, where the introduction of compact TiO2 has only marginal effects on conversion efficiencies.
Tumor Infiltrating Neutrophils Are Frequently Found in Adenocarcinomas of the Biliary Tract and Their Precursor Lesions with Possible Impact on Prognosis (2021)

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is characterized by an intense stromal reaction and a complex landscape of infiltrating immune cells. Evidence is emerging that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) have an impact on carcinogenesis and tumor progression. TINs have also been associated with outcomes in various solid malignant tumors but their possible clinical role in BTC is largely unknown. Tissue samples from patients with sporadic BTC ("spBTC" cohort, <i>N</i> = 53) and BTC in association with primary sclerosing cholangitis ("PSC-BTC" cohort, <i>N</i> = 7) were collected. Furthermore, tissue samples from 27 patients with PSC who underwent liver transplantation ("PSC-LTX" cohort) were investigated. All specimens were assessed for TIN density in invasive and precancerous lesions (biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, BilIN). Most spBTC showed low TIN density (LD, 61%). High TIN density (HD) was detected in 16% of the tumors, whereas 23% were classified as intermediate density (ID); the majority of both HD and ID groups were in T1-T2 tumors (83% and 100%, <i>p</i> = 0.012). TIN density in BilIN lesions did not significantly differ among the three groups. The HD group had a mean overall survival (OS) of 53.5 months, whereas the mean OS in the LD and ID groups was significantly shorter (LD 29.5 months vs. ID 24.6 months, log-rank <i>p</i> < 0.05). The results of this study underline the possible prognostic relevance of TINs in BTC and stress the complexity of the immune cell landscape in BTC. The prognostic relevance of TINs suggests a key regulator role in inflammation and immune landscape in BTC.
A NEW SOLAR METAL SULFATE – AMMONIA BASED THERMOCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING CYCLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN (2009)

All sulfur-family thermochemical water splitting cycles (TCWSCs) rely on concentration and decomposition of sulfuric acid for the oxygen evolution step of the cycle. The sulfuric acid decomposition step presents serious materials and catalyst deactivation challenges. Platinum based catalysts are currently the most active for the H2SO4 decomposition, but they deactivate rapidly. To overcome this difficulty metal sulfate based TCWSCs have been developed. However, the metal sulfate based TCWSCs utilize thermal heat input - thus degrading photonic energy. Based upon FSEC's S-NH3 TCWSC, a new family of hybrid photo/thermo-chemical water splitting cycles is introduced in this paper that employs the quantum portion of the solar spectrum for the production of hydrogen and the thermal energy (i.e. IR) portion of solar radiation for generating oxygen. FSEC's metal sulfate - ammonia (MSO 4-NH3) hybrid photo/thermochemical water splitting cycles are represented by the following reactions: \[ \begin{array}{llc} {\rm SO}-2 ({\rm g}) + 2 {\rm NH}-3 ({\rm g}) + {\rm H}-2 {\rm O}(1) \to ({\rm NH}-4)-2 {\rm SO}-3 ({\rm aq})\quad & ({\rm chemical\ absorption})\quad & 25\circ {\rm C}\\[4pt] ({\rm NH}-4)-2 {\rm SO}-3 ({\rm aq}) + {\rm H}-2 {\rm O} \to ({\rm NH}-4)-2 {\rm SO}-4 ({\rm aq}) + {\rm H}-2 ({\rm g})\quad & ({\rm solar\ photocatalytic})\quad & 80^\circ {\rm C}\\[4pt] {\rm x}({\rm NH}-4)-2 {\rm SO}-4 + {\rm M}-2 {\rm O}-{\rm x} \to 2 {\rm xNH}-3 + {\rm M}-2 ({\rm SO}-4)-{\rm x} + {\rm xH}-2 {\rm O}\quad & ({\rm solar\ thermocatalytic)\ quad & 500^\circ {\rm C}\\[4pt] {\rm M}-2 ({\rm SO}-4 )-{\rm x} ({\rm s}) \to {\rm xSO}-2 ({\rm g}) + 2 {\rm MO} ({\rm s}) + ({\rm x} - 1) {\rm O}-2 ({\rm g})\quad & ({\rm solar\ thermocatalytic})\quad & 1100^\circ {\rm C} \end{array} \] Where, M = Zn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu. Chemical equilibrium calculations for the reaction between ZnO and (NH4) 2SO4 indicate that both ZnSO4 and ZnO.2ZnSO4 can form as the stable reaction products. A series of thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses/mass spectrometric (TG/DTA/MS) experiments has been carried out to determine the exact nature of all ZnO + (NH4)2SO4 reaction products. Results obtained to date are presented and discussed. © 2009 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
Synthesis and ionic channels of a linear gramicidin containing naphthylalanine instead of tryptophan (2009)

Naphthylalanine gramicidin A was prepared by the solid phase method using an aminopolyacrylic resin after optical resolution of (D, L) naphthylalanine by enzymatic methods. Removal of the peptide from the resin was achieved by transesterification of the succinic ester linkage. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the presence of naphthylalanine strongly modifies the monomer-dimer equilibrium. Single-channel measurements suggested that the conductance of the gramicidin channel can be governed by the dipole moment of the aromatic side-chains.
Sound Transmission Through a Curved Honeycomb Composite Panel (2003)

Composite structures are often used in aircraft because of the advantages offered by a high strength to weight ratio. However, the acoustical properties of these light and stiff structures can often be less than desirable resulting in high aircraft interior noise levels. In this paper, measurements and predictions of the transmission loss of a curved honeycomb composite panel are presented. The transmission loss predictions are validated by comparisons to measurements. An assessment of the behavior of the panel is made from the dispersion characteristics of transverse waves propagating in the panel. The speed of transverse waves propagating in the panel is found to be sonic or supersonic over the frequency range from 100 to 5000 Hz. The acoustical benefit of reducing the wave speed for transverse vibration is demonstrated.
A new ultradian rhythm in mammalian cell dry mass observed by holography (2020)

We have discovered a new 4 hour ultradian rhythm that occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle in a wide range of individual mammalian cells, including both primary and transformed cells. The rhythm was detected by holographic lens-free microscopy that follows the histories of the dry mass of thousands of single live cells simultaneously, each at a resolution of five minutes. It was vital that the rhythm was observed in inherently heterogeneous cell populations, thus eliminating synchronization and labeling bias. The rhythm is independent of circadian rhythm, and is temperature-compensated. We show that the amplitude of the fundamental frequency provides a way to quantify the effects of, chemical reagents on cells, thus shedding light on its mechanism. The rhythm is suppressed by proteostasis disruptors and is detected only in proliferating cells, suggesting that it represents a massive degradation and re-synthesis of protein every 4 hours in growing cells.
Design and Demonstration of Novel QW Intermixing Scheme for the Integration of UTC-Type Photodiodes With QW-Based Components (2006)

We present the design and demonstration of unitraveling carrier (UTC) photodiodes fabricated using a novel quantum-well (QW) intermixing and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) regrowth fabrication platform. The photodiodes discussed here were realized on the same chip as high gain centered QW active regions, intermixed passive centered well waveguides, and low optical confinement offset QW active regions regrown over intermixed wells. This demonstration lifts previous constraints imposed on high functionality photonic circuits, which forced a common waveguide architecture in the detector, laser, and amplifier by validating a platform suited for the monolithic integration of UTC photodiodes into photonic integrated circuits comprised of widely tunable high gain laser diodes, high efficiency modulators, and low optical confinement high saturation power semiconductor optical amplifiers. In this manuscript we focus on the design and performance of UTC photodiodes fabricated on intermixed QWs using this novel scheme. The photodiodes exhibit /spl sim/90% internal quantum efficiency, excellent photocurrent handling capabilities, and minimal response roll-off over the 20 GHz of our testing capability. The 40 Gb/s operation was achieved with the demonstration of open eye diagrams.
The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Canada (2015)

Kubota, H., Quideau, S. A., Hucl, P. J. and Spaner, D. M. 2015. The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 615–627. Understanding the influence of weeds in agroecosystems may aid in developing efficient and sustainable organic wheat production systems. We examined the effect of weeds on soil microbial communities and the performance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Edmonton, AB, Canada. We grew 13 Canadian spring wheat cultivars in organically managed hand-weeded less-weedy and weedy treatments in 2010 and 2011. The less-weedy treatment exhibited greater grain yield and tillers per square meter, while kernel weight, test weight, days to maturity, plant height, grain P and protein content were not altered by weed treatment. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars CDC Go and CDC Kernen were the most yield-stable because they minimized fertile tiller reduction in response to weed pressure (10 and 13% reduction, respectively, compared with the average reduction of 20%). Other cultivars exhibited yield stability through increased kernel weight. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the total phospholipid fatty acid increased in both treatments; however, the rate of this increase was greater in the weedy treatment than the less-weedy treatment (from 2.9 to 3.9%, from 2.8 to 3.1%, respectively). Weed dry biomass was positively correlated with AMF% in the less-weedy treatment only. Organic systems tend to be weedier than conventional systems. We found that weeds are important determinants of AMF proliferation in soil. In addition, choosing wheat cultivars that maintain important yield components under severe weed stress is one strategy to maximize yields in organic systems.
Paclitaxel and sirolimus differentially affect growth and motility of endothelial progenitor cells and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (2011)

After short-term application, paclitaxel and sirolimus show differential, cell-specific effects on EPC and hCASMC. Iopromide used as a coating agent intensifies these effects.
A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonist Protects Mice in a Prophylactic Treatment Model Against Challenge With Bacillus anthracis (2022)

Current therapies for anthrax include the use of antibiotics (i.e., doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin), an anthrax vaccine (BioThrax) and <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>-specific, monoclonal antibody (mAb) (i.e., Raxibacumab and obiltoxaximab). In this study, we investigated the activity of immunomodulators, which potentiate inflammatory responses through innate immune receptors. The rationale for the use of innate immune receptor agonists as adjunctive immunomodulators for infectious diseases is based on the concept that augmentation of host defense should promote the antimicrobial mechanism of the host. Our aim was to explore the anti-<i>B. anthracis</i> effector function of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists using a mouse model. Amongst the six TLR ligands tested, Pam<sub>3</sub>CSK<sub>4</sub> (TLR1/2 ligand) was the best at protecting mice from lethal challenge of <i>B. anthracis.</i> We then evaluated the activity of a novel TLR2 ligand, DA-98-WW07. DA-98-WW07 demonstrated enhanced protection in <i>B. anthracis</i> infected mice. The surviving mice that received DA-98-WW07 when re-challenged with <i>B. anthracis</i> 20 days post the first infection showed increased survival rate. Moreover, ciprofloxacin, when treated in adjunct with a suboptimal concentration of DA-98-WW07 demonstrated augmented activity in protecting mice from <i>B. anthracis</i> infection. Taken together, we report the prophylactic treatment potential of DA-98-WW07 for anthrax and the utility of immunomodulators in combination with an antibiotic to treat infections caused by the <i>B. anthracis</i> bacterium.
Differential Diagnosis of Erythematous Squamous Diseases With Feature Selection and Classification Algorithms (2018)

In this chapter, the differential diagnosis of erythematous diseases was determined using data mining and machine learning algorithms. In this chapter, data mining and its application to differential diagnosis of erythematous squamous diseases were discussed. A dermatology dataset from UCI Machine Learning Repository was used for the study. The dataset consists of 366 data items with 34 attributes. Initially, feature selection was made, and then classification was performed by using various algorithms. The number of attributes has been reduced from 34 to 19 as a result of the integration of the correlation-based filter methods and various heuristic search methods. The evaluation results show that Naive Bayes has 100% success rate in classification of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus, rose disease, chronic dermatitis, and pityriasis rubra pilaris diseases with 19 attributes selected with feature extraction algorithms.
Coherent excitation-selective spectroscopy dataset (2016)

Dataset for Phys. Rev. Applied. article "Coherent excitation-selective spectroscopy of multipole resonances"
Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Benzocyclic Ketones through Intramolecular Alkene Hydroacylation Catalyzed by Nickel(0)/N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (2012)

Ringschluss mit Hilfestellung: Bei der Titelreaktion kommt es selbst ohne die Hilfe chelatisierender Heteroatomsubstituenten nicht zur Decarbonylierung. Mechanistische Studien sprechen für die Beteiligung eines Oxanickelacyclus an der Hydroacylierung. cod=C
Mixing in Groundwater (2016)

Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary denes the verb “contaminate” as a process by which a material is made “inferior or impure by admixture” or made “unt for use by the introduction of unwholesome or undesirable elements.” While both of these denitions are accurate, they do not fully represent the connotation with which the word is used. For purposes of this chapter, the term “contaminant” will generally refer to an undesirable constituent that is introduced directly or indirectly as a result of human activity. Furthermore, the identication of groundwater contaminants and their eects will require knowledge of preexisting or background conditions.
Use of Lactococcus lactis expressing different invasins for cDNA delivery into mammalian epithelial cells (2007)

National audience