gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of antigen expression in benign and malignant breast and ovarian epithelial cells (1989)

Expression of II distinct antigen families has been studied in normal and malignant epithelial cells from breast and ovary by avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections. Each of the antigens was expressed in a fraction of the normal and malignant breast tissues from different individuals. Among breast and ovarian cancers, a similar fraction of tumors expressed each of the determinants. An epitope on a 42-kDa glycoprotein was expressed significantly more often by ovarian carcinomas than by benign ovarian epithelium. Several determinants on 66-, 240-kDa or high-molecular-weight proteins or glycoproteins were expressed significantly more often on benign breast epithelium than on normal ovarian epithelium. Substantial heterogeneity in antigen expression was observed among different tumor specimens. Each of 14 epithelial ovarian cancers expressed a distinctive combination of antigens. Among 18 breast cancers, 16 distinct antigenic phenotypes were observed. Interestingly, comparable heterogeneity was observed in the expression of epitopes on benign breast and ovarian epithelium, compatible with the possibility that the monoclonal reagents recognized polymorphic determinants. Substantial variations in antigen expression were also observed among cells within each neoplasm. However, when antibodies against 5 different determinants were used in combination, a majority of cells could be stained intensely in all 13 breast carcinomas tested and more than 95% of tumor cells could be stained in 10 of the 13.
Effects of recombinant human interleukin-3 on CD34-enriched normal hematopoietic progenitors and on myeloblastic leukemia cells (1988)

Induction of proliferation and differentiation in response to recombinant human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) was studied in liquid and semisolid cultures of umbilical cord blood and bone marrow cells that were fractionated by "panning" with anti-My10 antibody according to expression of CD34 antigen. Cells from enriched fractions (70% to 90% CD34+) were found to proliferate strongly in response to hIL-3. Phenotypic analysis and morphologic characterization of the proliferating cells demonstrated a rapid decrease in CD34+ cells and an exponential increase in the number of cells belonging to the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, monocyte/macrophage, and thrombocytic lineages. When combined with recombinant human erythropoietin, burst colonies and cells expressing glycophorin-A were detected, thereby demonstrating the effects of hIL-3 on erythroid progenitors. Further, the development of mixed-erythroid colonies indicated that multipotential cells within CD34-enriched fractions responded to hIL-3. In addition, we examined the effect of hIL-3 on the proliferation of primary acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in liquid culture. We found that hIL-3 was able to induce cell proliferation in a proportion of the cases tested. Heterogeneity of the responses to hIL-3 was in part related to French-American-British classification but could not be correlated with CD34 antigen expression by the leukemic cells. These results indicate that, although the effects of hIL-3 on proliferation and differentiation of cells obtained from normal hematopoietic specimens were primarily borne by CD34+ cells, expression of the CD34 molecule per se is an insufficient condition to determine a growth response to this lymphokine.
A robust message passing based stereo matching kernel via system-level error resiliency (2014)

In this paper, we present an error resilient Markov random field (MRF) message passing based stereo matching hardware (HW) architecture. Previously, algorithmic noise tolerance (ANT) has been applied at the arithmetic level of the reparameterize unit and showed greatly enhanced robustness of message passing inference based architectures. In this work, correction was targeted at the system level to reduce correction overhead while maintaining performance. An erroneous FPGA based accelerator was employed as our emulation platform. Through relaxed synthesis, we show that timing errors occur within the message passing unit, and are successfully compensated. Error correction has been implemented at several hierarchical levels, including end of iteration, and the final depth map output. Significant enhancement in robustness is achieved with minimal correction overhead. Compared to HW error compensation at the arithmetic level, system level error compensation reduces overhead by more than 50 %, while maintaining stereo matching performance with only 3.8 % degradation.
Characterization of bacteriorhodopsin films for optical data storage and image processing (1999)

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) has been proven to be an effective non-linear media for a variety of applications, such as optically addressable spatial light modulators, volumetric memories, optical image processing systems, optical sensors, and optical correlators. However, practical realization of such systems with BR depends upon the specific characteristics of this material. In this report we present experimental results of the time evolution and intensity dependent characteristics of a BR gelatin film. In particular we studied the spectral dependence of the optical density/refraction index modulation. A holographic technique was used to investigate the exposure characteristics of photorefraction, recording versus storage time, as well as the connection between the diffraction efficiency of the recorded grating and light induced scattering (noise)--the parameters that are of primary importance for such applications as high density memory systems and optical correlators.
Proposal of organ pressure remediation aiming at recovery of physical function (2018)

The average age of Japan increases year by year due to the development of medicine. In the future we will focus on diseases caused by aging. They are provoked by deformation of organs. So, We proposed that we could heal diseases by deforming the organs and named it as an organ pressure remediation. In this study, we focused on high myopia caused by deformation of the eyeball and conducted research. In the experiment, eyeball compression test was performed. It was found that the eyeball was the hardest at the first time and the almost constant in the subsequent experiments. Also, non-compressed fundus tissues and compressed one were observed. The thickness of the retina did not change with compression of 0N and compression of 25N. However, it shows that compressive stress acts because minute wrinkles are formed on the surface during compression. Thus, we indicated the possibility of organ pressure remediation.
Calcification Microstructure Reflects Breast Tissue Microenvironment (2019)

Microcalcifications are important diagnostic indicators of disease in breast tissue. Tissue microenvironments differ in many aspects between normal and cancerous cells, notably extracellular pH and glycolytic respiration. Hydroxyapatite microcalcification microstructure is also found to differ between tissue pathologies, including differential ion substitutions and the presence of additional crystallographic phases. Distinguishing between tissue pathologies at an early stage is essential to improve patient experience and diagnostic accuracy, leading to better disease outcome. This study explores the hypothesis that microenvironment features may become immortalised within calcification crystallite characteristics thus becoming indicators of tissue pathology. In total, 55 breast calcifications incorporating 3 tissue pathologies (benign - B2, ductal carcinoma in-situ - B5a and invasive malignancy - B5b) from archive formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core needle breast biopsies were analysed using X-ray diffraction. Crystallite size and strain were determined from 548 diffractograms using Williamson-Hall analysis. There was an increased crystallinity of hydroxyapatite with tissue malignancy compared to benign tissue. Coherence length was significantly correlated with pathology grade in all basis crystallographic directions (P < 0.01), with a greater difference between benign and in situ disease compared to in-situ disease and invasive malignancy. Crystallite size and non-uniform strain contributed to peak broadening in all three pathologies. Furthermore, crystallite size and non-uniform strain normal to the basal planes increased significantly with malignancy (P < 0.05). Our findings support the view that tissue microenvironments can influence differing formation mechanisms of hydroxyapatite through acidic precursors, leading to differential substitution of carbonate into the hydroxide and phosphate sites, causing significant changes in crystallite size and non-uniform strain.
Suppression of a cellular differentiation program by phorbol esters coincides with inhibition of binding of a cell-specific transcription factor (NF-E2) to an enhancer element required for expression of an erythroid-specific gene. (1993)

Induction by hemin increases, while induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) represses, erythroid-specific gene expression in the human cell line K562. We analyzed the effects of hemin or TPA induction on the binding and activity of transcription factors at a regulatory element found within the transcriptional regulatory sequences of many erythroid-specific genes. TPA induction increases the binding of ubiquitous AP-1 factors to this element. TPA induction inhibits the binding of the lineage limited transcription factor NF-E2 to this transcriptional control element. Hemin induction of K562 cells does not facilitate the binding of NF-E2 to its recognition site. Hemin induction appears to nonspecifically increase the expression of transiently transfected genes in K562 cells. Beyond this nonspecific increase in gene expression, hemin induction acts to increase the activity of the lineage limited transcription factor NF-E2. The divergent effects of hemin and TPA on gene expression in K562 cells are mediated, in part, by their contrasting effects on the transcription factor NF-E2.
Validation of the Seegene RV15 multiplex PCR for the detection of influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages during national influenza surveillance in hospitalized adults (2019)

<b>Background</b>. The Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN SOS) has been performing active influenza surveillance since 2009 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01517191). Influenza A and B viruses are identified and characterized using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and multiplex testing has been performed on a subset of patients to identify other respiratory virus aetiologies. Since both methods can identify influenza A and B, a direct comparison was performed.<b>Methods</b>. Validated real-time RT-PCRs from the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify influenza A and B viruses, characterize influenza A viruses into the H1N1 or H3N2 subtypes and describe influenza B viruses belonging to the Yamagata or Victoria lineages. In a subset of patients, the Seeplex RV15 One-Step ACE Detection assay (RV15) kit was also used for the detection of other respiratory viruses.<b>Results</b>. In total, 1111 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by RV15 and real-time RT-PCRs for influenza A and B identification and characterization. For influenza A, RV15 showed 98.0 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity and 99.7 % accuracy. The performance characteristics of RV15 were similar for influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. For influenza B, RV15 had 99.2 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity and 99.8 % accuracy, with similar assay performance being shown for both the Yamagata and Victoria lineages.<b>Conclusions</b>. Overall, the detection of circulating subtypes of influenza A and lineages of influenza B by RV15 was similar to detection by real-time RT-PCR. Multiplex testing with RV15 allows for a more comprehensive respiratory virus surveillance in hospitalized adults, without significantly compromising the reliability of influenza A or B virus detection.
Supplementary Figure 1 from DCDT2980S, an Anti-CD22-Monomethyl Auristatin E Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Is a Potential Treatment for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 61K, Supplemental Figure 1. Human, cynomolgus monkey, and rat PBMCs were isolated from whole blood in accordance with BD Vacutainer CPT protocol. Mouse PBMCs were isolated from whole blood by ACK lysis buffer treatment to lyse red blood cells followed by centrifucation to recover PBMCs. Human antibodies were labeled in accordance with the protocol with Zenon Alexa Fluor 647 Human IgG Labeling Kit. Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) was calculated from the CD20‑positive B cells (human and cynomolgus monkey), CD45RA‑positive B cells (rat), or CD45R‑positive B cells (mouse).&lt;/p&gt;
Performances of suspended Silicon Nanowire Resonators for time reference applications (2012)

High frequency Silicon NanoWire Resonators (SNWR) have been fabricated and their performances for time reference applications have been assessed. The SNWR have been designed to operate at different frequencies going from 55 MHz up to 300 MHz with quality factors higher than 2000 at room temperature under high vacuum. The measured temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) for different SNWR is about 40 ppm over a range of temperature going from 4 K to 300 K. The evolution of the quality factor as function of temperature has also been measured as well as the Allan deviation for different nanowire lengths.
Electrophosphorescent Polyfluorenes Containing Osmium Complexes in the Conjugated Backbone (2008)

Abstract Electrophosphorescent copolymers have been synthesized by covalent bonding of a red‐emitting osmium complex Os(bpftz), which contains two 3‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐(4‐ tert ‐butyl‐2‐pyridyl)triazolate (bpftz) cyclometalated ligands, into the backbone of a bipolar polyfluorene (PF) copolymer. Employing these copolymers, a highly efficient red polymer light‐emitting diode has been realised that has an external quantum efficiency of 18.0%, a maximum brightness of 38 000 cd m −2 , and an emission centered at 618 nm. In addition, after incorporating appropriate amounts of green‐emitting benzothiadiazole (BT) and the aforementioned Os(bpftz) into the bipolar PF, an efficient white‐light electroluminescent polymer is obtained that displays simultaneous blue, green, and red emissions.
Spectral Efficiency Improvement of OFDM by Using Time Domain Superimposition of Data (2008)

A scheme of the superimposing additional data signal in the time domain for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. The proposed scheme has a tradeoff between the degree of freedom for data transmission and inter-carrier interference (ICI), which provides the flexibility of data rate decision when the finite number of modulation and coding levels are available for the given channel condition. A performance analysis of the bit error rate (BER) confirms this tradeoff. In simulation on the practical environment which experiences multipath fading and error of channel estimation, the results show that much improvement of spectral efficiency has been achieved while keeping as nearly good bit error rate as the conventional OFDM. Moreover, the single carrier transmission of the superimposed additional data in the time domain also gives an opportunity of boosting the signal power up to the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) margin of the OFDM system.
Synthesis of Anisotropic Hydrogels and Their Applications (2017)

Owing to their water-rich structures, which are similar to those of biological tissues, hydrogels have long been regarded as promising scaffolds for artificial tissues and organs. However, in terms of the structural anisotropy, most synthetic hydrogels are substantially different from biological systems. Synthetic hydrogels are usually composed of randomly oriented three-dimensional polymer networks whereas biological systems adopt anisotropic structures with hierarchically integrated building units. Such anisotropic structures often play essential roles in biological systems to exhibit particular functions. In this context, anisotropic hydrogels provide an entry point for exploring biomimetic applications of hydrogels. Reflecting these aspects, an increasing number of studies on anisotropic hydrogels have been reported recently. This Minireview highlights the use and perspectives of these anisotropic hydrogels, particularly focusing on their preparation, structures, and applications.
On the Convergence of the Inverses of (2003)

Many issues in signal processing involve the inverses of Toeplitz matrices. One widely used technique is to replace Toeplitz matrices with their associated circulant matrices, based on the well-known fact that Toeplitz matrices asymptotically converge to their associated circulant matrices in the weak sense. This often leads to considerable simplification. However, it is well known that such a weak convergence cannot be strengthened into strong convergence. It is this fact that severely limits the usefulness of the close relation between Toeplitz matrices and circulant matrices. Observing that communication receiver design often needs to seek optimality in regard to a data sequence transmitted within finite duration, we define the finite-term strong convergence regarding two families of matrices. We present a condition under which the inverses of a Toeplitz matrix converges in the strong sense to a circulant matrix for finite-term quadratic forms. This builds a critical link in the application of the convergence theorems for the inverses of Toeplitz matrices since the weak convergence generally finds its usefulness in issues associated with minimum mean squared error and the finite-term strong convergence is useful in issues associated with the maximum-likelihood or maximum a posteriori principles.
On the Locking of the Finite Element Method in Thermoelasticity (1997)

In this article we discuss the solution u to the stationary problem of thermoelasticity and the approximation un of u obtained with a standard Galerkin method. In the incompressible limit, when the Lamé coefficient $\lambda$ becomes infinite, un is subject to a divergence constraint, div un= PnT, where Pn is a given approximation operator acting on the temperature field T. This mechanism provokes a locking phenomenon similar to the one observed in elasticity and studied by Babuska and Suri in Numer. Math., 62 (1992), pp. 439--464. The purpose of this work is to give a sufficient and necessary condition on the discrete spaces Vn used in the Galerkin formulation, to avoid locking and to get an estimation of the error |u - un|1 which is optimal and independent of $\lambda$. This criterion will be used to construct two practical examples of methods free from locking for the usual thermoelasticty problem where the temperature field is the solution of a Poisson equation. The first example is based on the h-version of the finite element method; the second one, on the p-version.
Classification of SD-OCT volumes for DME detection: an anomaly detection approach (2016)

Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is the leading cause of blindness amongst diabetic patients worldwide. It is characterized by accumulation of water molecules in the macula leading to swelling. Early detection of the disease helps prevent further loss of vision. Naturally, automated detection of DME from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) volumes plays a key role. To this end, a pipeline for detecting DME diseases in OCT volumes is proposed in this paper. The method is based on anomaly detection using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). It starts with pre-processing the B-scans by resizing, flattening, filtering and extracting features from them. Both intensity and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features are considered. The dimensionality of the extracted features is reduced using PCA. As the last stage, a GMM is fitted with features from normal volumes. During testing, features extracted from the test volume are evaluated with the fitted model for anomaly and classification is made based on the number of B-scans detected as outliers. The proposed method is tested on two OCT datasets achieving a sensitivity and a specificity of 80% and 93% on the first dataset, and 100% and 80% on the second one. Moreover, experiments show that the proposed method achieves better classification performances than other recently published works.
Improving the Pharmacodynamics and In Vivo Activity of ENPP1‐Fc Through Protein and Glycosylation Engineering (2020)

Enzyme replacement with ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phospodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) eliminates mortality in a murine model of the lethal calcification disorder generalized arterial calcification of infancy. We used protein engineering, glycan optimization, and a novel biomanufacturing platform to enhance potency by using a three-prong strategy. First, we added new N-glycans to ENPP1; second, we optimized pH-dependent cellular recycling by protein engineering of the Fc neonatal receptor; finally, we used a two-step process to improve sialylation by first producing ENPP1-Fc in cells stably transfected with human α-2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6) and further enhanced terminal sialylation by supplementing production with 1,3,4-O-Bu<sub>3</sub> ManNAc. These steps sequentially increased the half-life of the parent compound in rodents from 37 hours to ~ 67 hours with an added N-glycan, to ~ 96 hours with optimized pH-dependent Fc recycling, to ~ 204 hours when the therapeutic was produced in ST6-overexpressing cells with 1,3,4-O-Bu<sub>3</sub> ManNAc supplementation. The alterations were demonstrated to increase drug potency by maintaining efficacious levels of plasma phosphoanhydride pyrophosphate in ENPP1-deficient mice when the optimized biologic was administered at a 10-fold lower mass dose less frequently than the parent compound-once every 10 days vs. 3 times a week. We believe these improvements represent a general strategy to rationally optimize protein therapeutics.
Microcapsules as assay compartments formed through layer-by-layer deposition (2018)

We investigate the potential of using microcapsules, generated through layer-by-layer assembly, as reaction compartments for bioassays.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Chemistry: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Products (2016)

Abstract Review: [73 refs.
Practical issues and research opportunities when implementing zero speed sensorless control (2002)

It is well accepted that drives require knowledge of rotor and flux linkage positions to precisely control torque and motion at all speeds including zero and near zero. In industrial applications the rotor position sensor is the standard solution. However, in the rapidly emerging automotive and aerospace applications the harsh environment (temperature, humidity, chemicals and vibration) can easily cause failure of the sensor connectors, cables or sensor components. Such failures are unacceptable. Furthermore, the weight and cost penalty associated with mechanically protecting the sensor, sensor connector, and sensor cabling is a significant disadvantage. Thus, true sensorless operation through the power leads is fast becoming a requirement. This paper will focus on practical Implementation and research issues for sensorless, high performance, zero and near zero speed, motion control.
Total syntheses of (±)‐cis‐ and trans‐11‐methoxydeethyleburnamonine (2000)

Abstract The total syntheses of 11‐methoxydeethyleburnamonines ( 4 ) and ( 13 ) were carried out with use of 6‐methoxytryptophyl bromide ( 5 ) as starting material. Compound 5 was converted in three steps to trans ‐ester 8 . Acid‐catalysed epimerization of 8 , lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the ester group, tosylation and substitution with cyanide gave the cis ‐nitrile 12 . Acid‐induced cyclization of 12 yielded mainly (±)‐ trans ‐11‐methoxydeethyleburnamonine ( 13 ), whereas base‐induced cyclization gave (±)‐ cis ‐11‐methoxydeethyleburnamonine ( 4 ).