gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-perspective imaging systems (2003)

Most vision applications use cameras based on the perspective projection model. As a result most vision algorithms and methods have been developed around this common imaging system. However, in recent years, researchers in the fields of computer vision and computer graphics have begun to realize that there are alternatives to a perspective imaging that produce new forms of visual information. The time has therefore arrived to broaden the notion of a camera, beyond merely being an implementation of the camera obscura . 
In this thesis, we present a unified framework to design and analyze any general imaging system. Such an imaging system must be capable of acquiring images in any manner specified by the designer. This provides flexibility to the designer to build imaging systems taylor-made for the application at hand. In theory, both dioptric (lens based) and catadioptric (lens and mirror based) systems can be used implement general imaging systems. However, catadioptric systems are better suited for this purpose. 
We present a completely automatic method to design arbitrary catadioptric imaging systems. The proposed method determines the mirror shape for any catadioptric system specified by the designer. The specification is provided in terms of a map from pixels in the image to points in the, scene. In general such general imaging systems need not have a single viewpoint. Usually a locus of viewpoints is formed which we analyze using the framework of caustics. We use our framework to estimate the caustics of any general imaging system. In particular we also derive analytic solutions for caustics of conic catadioptric cameras. We use this model to analyze their imaging geometries as well as image characteristics such as resolution and field of view. We also present a simple method to calibrate catadioptric imaging systems that have a parameterized mirror surface. 
In general, non-perspective imaging systems cause distortions in the acquired images. We therefore present methods to remove or reduce the image distortions. We first consider wide-angle lens distortions and present a robust method to remove image distortions. We use such wide-angle cameras to then create a camera cluster to acquire undistorted panoramic video in real time. 
We also consider distortions in non-single viewpoint systems. We call such distortions caustic distortions and present methods to reduce such distortions in general multi-viewpoint images. We believe that the framework for system design and analysis that we propose is a powerful tool that throws wide open the space of imaging systems that can be designed.
Sensitive Determination of the Rh D Genotype in Mixed Samples Using Fluorescence‐Based Polymerase Chain Reaction (1997)

This method will be valuable in prenatal RhD typing after amniocentesis or after the isolation of fetal cells from maternal peripheral blood.
Molecular dissection of dystrophin identifies the docking site for nNOS (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Compact, Power Efficient, Self-Adaptive and PVT Invariant CMOS Relaxation Oscillator (2020)

This brief presents a novel PVT-invariant CMOS relaxation oscillator for Real-Time Clock (RTC) applications. The proposed design is compatible to work in a low supply voltage domain of SoC. The PVT invariance is achieved by a unique circuit implementation of introducing a self-adaptive mechanism that dynamically modifies the time constant of the oscillator core. Moreover, the design is accompanied by a digital calibration unit for further process compensation. Besides, the introduced supply independent bias circuit has greatly improved the supply regulation of the oscillator frequency. In addition, the design utilizes a complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current for temperature compensation. Area efficiency is enhanced by replacing bigger passive device i.e, resistor with an adaptive MOS resistor. The obtained results show that the minimum temperature coefficient (TC) of 31.236ppm/°C is achieved over a range of -40°C to 100°C. The resultant phase noise of -140dBc/Hz@1MHz is observed. The design has achieved a good power efficiency of 1.65nW/KHz at room temperature without a calibration unit. The line sensitivity (LS) of 0.1159%/V is noted in the range of 0.7V to 1.2V. Nevertheless, the entire system occupies an active area of 0.0509mm^2 with a power consumption of 90nW@0.7V. Also, the leakage current of the complete system is <; 54pA. Therefore, the proposed design aims at providing a production-friendly, ease of integration and low-cost solution.
Differential Activation of myc Gene Family Members in Hepatic Carcinogenesis by Closely Related Hepatitis B Viruses (1993)

Woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and ground squirrels infected with ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) both develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but WHV-associated tumors arise more frequently and much earlier in life. These differences are preserved when the oncogenic potentials of the two viruses are examined in the same host (woodchucks). We examined RNA and genomic DNA from tumors arising from WHV- and GSHV-infected woodchucks to determine whether these viruses use the same oncogenic pathway. N-myc RNA was not expressed in normal liver but was expressed in 10 of 13 WHV-associated HCCs examined. Southern blot analysis showed that 7 of 17 WHV-induced tumors (41%) contained rearrangements at N-myc loci due to viral genomic integration. Six of these seven inserts affected N-myc2, and most of these were at the 5' end of the gene. In contrast, only two of seven GSHV-induced woodchuck HCCs expressed N-myc RNA, and only 1 of the 16 tumors (6%) contained a rearranged N-myc allele. The GSHV-associated HCCs all contained numerous viral insertions, so the low frequency of integration into N-myc loci by GSHV was not due to a general block to integration. Four of sixteen GSHV-induced tumors harbored amplified c-myc alleles, and five of seven GSHV tumors tested contained elevated c-myc RNA levels. By contrast, enhanced c-myc RNA levels were observed in only 2 of 13 WHV-induced HCC. We conclude that N-myc overexpression is a regular feature of WHV- but not GSHV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in a common host. In contrast, c-myc transcriptional deregulation is rarely encountered in WHV-induced HCC but is frequent in GSHV-induced HCC.
Keynote speaker (2010)

Rajeev Ram serves as Program Director at ARPA-E where he works to select, manage and define new research program opportunities in support of the ARPA-E mission. His primary focus at ARPA-E is in advanced electrical components and systems ranging from transportation to the generation and transmission of electric power. He has worked in the areas of semiconductor devices, microscopic heat transfer, and bioprocess development for much of his career. In the early 1990's, he developed the III–V wafer bonding technology that led to the fist telecom wavelength surface-emitting laser and record brightness light emitting devices at Hewlett-Packard Laboratory in Palo Alto.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization: Investigating the functional organization of genes and RNAs (1992)

Developments in fluorescence in situ hybridization accrued over recent years now make it possible to detect and precisely localize nucleic acid sequences with a sensitivity sufficient to detect single copy genes or their primary transcripts (Reviewed in Ref.1). These advances have essentially revolutionized the field of molecular cytogenetics, providing not only a powerful approach to gene mapping and genetic diagnosis, but a new way to probe the higher level organization of the nucleus and chromosome. The methodology we and others primarily utilize is based on non-isotopic labelling of DNA probes with moieties such as biotin or digoxygenin, which are detected by fluorochrome-conjugated avidin or anti-digoxygenin antibodies. Alternatively, probes directly labeled with fluorochromes have recently become available. Appropriate modifications of protocols allow either cellular DNA or RNA to be targeted, and hybridization can be to intact cells, nuclei, or chromosomes.
Mesoporous Structures from Supramolecular Assembly of in situ Generated ZnS Nanoparticles (2003)

A stable mesoporous network formed by nanoparticles of ZnS was achieved by an ultrasound-mediated fabrication method. The ZnS nanoparticles were generated in situ during the sonication, and dodecylamine was used as the structure-directing agent. All the synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, Fourier transform infrared, UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. After the template extraction, the obtained mesoporous ZnS possessed a high surface area of 210 m2/g with an average pore diameter of 28 Å. HRTEM analysis revealed a mesostructure consisting of closely spaced ZnS nanocrystallites of ∼3 nm size. The individual nanocrystallites showed typical lattice spacings corresponding to the cubic phase of ZnS. The existence of ZnS particles in a compact structure resulted in a dramatic increase in the thermal stability of the cubic phase. As revealed from optical absorption measurements, the ZnS nanoparticles exhibited quantum-size effect with a blue shift in the band gap. Finally, a systematic analysis was carried out to find the role of ultrasound on the supramolecular assembling process that leads to the generation of a mesostructure.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on gold nanowire array formed by mechanical deformation using anodic porous alumina molds (2015)

The fabrication of Au nanowire arrays by mechanical deformation using anodic porous alumina was studied. Porous alumina was pressed onto a Au surface so that Au entered the nanoholes of the porous alumina. The Au nanowire arrays were obtained by dissolving the porous alumina. For the efficient fabrication of nanowires, a nanoimprinting process was applied, which enabled the nanowires to be reproducibly obtained. The porous alumina used as the nanoimprinting mold could be reused. The nanowire arrays could be used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements owing to the enhancement of the light intensity based on localized surface plasmon resonance.
Acutein vivotesting of a conformal polymer microelectrode array for multi-region hippocampal recordings (2017)

This work represents one of the first examples of a penetrating polymer probe array that records from individual neurons in structures that lie deep within the brain.
APRIL facilitates viral-induced erythroleukemia but is dispensable for T cell immunity and lymphomagenesis (2008)

The TNF family member, a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), has been suggested to act as a costimulatory molecule in T cell responses. However, studies addressing this role in vivo are largely lacking. Here, we evaluated the effects of APRIL on physiological T cell responses in vivo. Although receptors for APRIL are expressed on a subset of T cells, neither TCR transgenic (Tg) T cell responses nor endogenous TCR responses were affected by Tg APRIL expression in vivo. Moreover, APRIL did not significantly enhance the induction of T cell lymphomas upon Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) infection. This clearly contrasts current belief and indicates that APRIL does not serve a major role in T cell immunity or lymphomagenesis. However, we did observe a strong increase in erythroleukemia formation after MLV inoculation of APRIL Tg mice. Strikingly, this erythroleukemia-facilitating property of APRIL was confirmed using the erythroleukemogenic Friend-MLV. Erythroleukemia in APRIL Tg mice was characterized by low hematocrits and grossly enlarged spleens with an increased percentage of erythroid precursors. Altogether, these results unveil new proerythroleukemogenic properties of APRIL.
Runtime performance of parallel array assignment (1996)

Compiling the array assignment statement of High Performance Fortran in the presence of block-cyclic distributions of data arrays is considered difficult, and several algorithms have been published to solve this problem. We present a comprehensive study of the performance of these algorithms. We classify these algorithms into several families and identify several issues of interest in the compilation process, and present experimental performance data for the various algorithms. We demonstrate that block-cyclic distributions can be compiled almost as efficiently as block and cyclic distributions.
Twist‐ing cell fate: Mechanistic insights into the role of twist in lineage specification/differentiation and tumorigenesis (2010)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), are multipotent cells that give rise to multiple lineages including osteoblasts, adipocytes, muscle, and fibroblasts. MSCs are useful for clinical applications such as cell therapy because they can be isolated from an individual and expanded for use in tissue repair, as well as other therapeutic applications, without immune rejection. However, one of the key problems in the use of MSCs for these applications is the efficiency of these cells to engraft and fully regenerate damaged tissues. Therefore, to optimize this process, a comprehensive understanding of the key regulators of MSCs self-renewal and maintenance are critical to the success of future cell therapy as well as other clinical applications. The basic helix loop helix transcription factor, Twist, plays a master regulatory role in all of these processes and, therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanistic insights in the role of Twist in lineage specification/differentiation and tumorigenesis is vital to the success of future clinical applications for the therapeutic use of MSCs. In this article, we highlight the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways that are important to MSC fate, maintenance, and differentiation, as well as the critical role that Twist plays in these processes. In addition, we review the known literature suggesting a critical role for Twist in the generation of cancer stem cells, as this information may contribute to a broader understanding of stem cell biology and stem-cell-based therapeutics.
Nano-Carriers of Drugs and Genes for the Treatment of Restenosis (2007)

The therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological agents is dependent on their biodistribution, as well as their elimination route and kinetics; thus, nano-carriers can be used to improve the therapeutic index of drugs. Nano-carriers have attractive biological properties, since carrier-incorporated pharmaceuticals are protected from the inactivation effect of external conditions, yet do not cause undesirable side reactions. Liposomes are used as biocompatible carriers of drugs, peptides, proteins, plasmid DNA, and antisense oligonucleotides or ribozymes for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biochemical purposes. Liposomes and nanoparticles (NP) as drug carriers can be utilized for the treatment of restenosis. The NP can be prepared by methods involving either polymerization of dispersed monomers or dispersion of preformed polymers. Liposomes and NP can be surface-modified with tissue-specific ligand to achieve arterial localization, following systemic administration; however, to date, no significant developments have been reported for targeted delivery systems in vivo.
Photobiomodulation with Super-Pulsed Laser Shows Efficacy for Stroke and Aphasia: Case Studies (2023)

Background: Brain disorders have become more and more common today, due to both the aging population and the ever-expanding sports community. However, a new therapeutic technology called photobiomodulation (PBM) is giving hope to thousands of individuals in need. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), dementia, post traumatic stress (PTSD) and attention deficit (ADD) disorders are in many cases quickly and safely improved by PBM. PBM employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600 - 1100 nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce edema, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate the microglial activation state. All these effects can occur when light is delivered to the head, and can be beneficial in both acute and chronic brain conditions. Methods: In this case series, we used a high power, FDA-approved superpulsed laser system applied to the head to treat four chronic stroke patients. Patients received as few as three 6 - 9 minute treatments over a one-week period. The follow up time varied, but in one case was two years. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in their speech and verbal skills. Improvements were also noticed in walking ability, limb movement, less numbness, and better vision. Conclusion: The use of PBM in stroke rehabilitation deserves to be tested in controlled clinical trials, because this common condition has no approved pharmaceutical treatment at present.
Antibody blockade of the Cripto CFC domain suppresses tumor cell growth in vivo (2003)

Cripto, a cell surface-associated protein belonging to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules, is overexpressed in many human solid tumors, including 70-80% of breast and colon tumors, yet how it promotes cell transformation is unclear. During embryogenesis, Cripto complexes with Alk4 via its unique cysteine-rich CFC domain to facilitate signaling by the TGF-beta ligand Nodal. We report, for the first time to our knowledge, that Cripto can directly bind to another TGF-beta ligand, Activin B, and that Cripto overexpression blocks Activin B growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. This result suggests a novel mechanism for antagonizing Activin signaling that could promote tumorigenesis by deregulating growth homeostasis. We show that an anti-CFC domain antibody, A8.G3.5, both disrupts Cripto-Nodal signaling and reverses Cripto blockade of Activin B-induced growth suppression by blocking Cripto's association with either Alk4 or Activin B. In two xenograft models, testicular and colon cancer, A8.G3.5 inhibited tumor cell growth by up to 70%. Both Nodal and Activin B expression was found in the xenograft tumor, suggesting that either ligand could be promoting tumorigenesis. These data validate that functional blockade of Cripto inhibits tumor growth and highlight antibodies that block Cripto signaling mediated through its CFC domain as an important class of antibodies for further therapeutic development.
Carrier localization degree of In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on vicinal sapphire substrates (2009)

In this work, we have grown In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN multiple quantum well (MQWs) epitaxial structure on vicinal sapphire substrates by low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and investigated the relationship between carrier localization degree and vicinal angles of sapphire substrates. The optical analysis confirmed that the In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN MQWs grown on 0.2°-off sapphire substrate exhibited the smallest carrier localization degree and more ordered In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN MQW structure. In addition, mechanisms for carrier localization in In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN MQWs grown on vicinal substrate were discussed based on the results obtained from the power and temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements. The Raman spectrum showing the in-plane compressive stress of the GaN epitaxial structures grown on vicinal sapphire substrates revealed the relation between the dislocation density and the carrier localization degree in MQWs. From transmission electron microscopy images, the threading dislocation density (TDD) of In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN MQWs grown on 0.2° vicinal sapphire substrate at the bottom of n-GaN layer was about 9.4×108 cm−2 and reduced to 3.0×108 cm−2 at the top of n-GaN layer. We also obtained the TDD of 5.6×107 cm−2 in the MQW region and only 1.0×107 cm−2 in the p-GaN region. Based on the results mentioned above, 0.2°-off substrate can offer In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN MQW blue light-emitting diode structures with benefits, such as high crystal quality, low defects, and small carrier localization degree.
Mechanism-specific assay design facilitates the discovery of Nav1.7-selective inhibitors (2018)

Many ion channels, including Nav1.7, Cav1.3, and Kv1.3, are linked to human pathologies and are important therapeutic targets. To develop efficacious and safe drugs, subtype-selective modulation is essential, but has been extremely difficult to achieve. We postulate that this challenge is caused by the poor assay design, and investigate the Nav1.7 membrane potential assay, one of the most extensively employed screening assays in modern drug discovery. The assay uses veratridine to activate channels, and compounds are identified based on the inhibition of veratridine-evoked activities. We show that this assay is biased toward nonselective pore blockers and fails to detect the most potent, selective voltage-sensing domain 4 (VSD4) blockers, including PF-05089771 (PF-771) and GX-936. By eliminating a key binding site for pore blockers and replacing veratridine with a VSD-4 binding activator, we directed the assay toward non-pore-blocking mechanisms and discovered Nav1.7-selective chemical scaffolds. Hence, we address a major hurdle in Nav1.7 drug discovery, and this mechanistic approach to assay design is applicable to Cav3.1, Kv1.3, and many other ion channels to facilitate drug discovery.
Infection of a Burn Wound by Aspergillus Niger: Gross Appearance Simulating Ecthyma Gangrenosa (1979)

Growth of Aspergillus niger on a burn wound clinically simulated the early (hemorrhagic) phase of an invasive infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or ecthyma gangrenosa. Wound biopsy for histologic examination and culture readily yielded a definitive diagnosis of noninvasive mycotic infection of the burn wound. Pigmentation surrounding mycotic hyphae (otherwise typical for Aspergillus spp.) strongly suggested Aspergillus niger. Cultural data confirmed the diagnosis.
On Reducing the Complexity of Illumination Cones for Face Recognition (2001)

In our previous work [1], we have demonstrated how to arrange physical lighting so that the acquired images of a human face can be directly used as the basis vectors of a lowdimensional linear space. The “universal configuration” computed in [1] has been shown to provide a good basis for face recognition under a wide range of lighting conditions. In this paper, we propose a more rigorous formulation of the problem of computing the universal configuration. We propose a new objective function Ob and define the domain of Ob, in which we seek our universal configuration. Recognition experiments and other results reported in the paper have validated this new approach.