gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disproportionation in Li–O2 Batteries Based on a Large Surface Area Carbon Cathode (2013)

In this paper we report on a kinetics study of the discharge process and its relationship to the charge overpotential in a Li-O2 cell for large surface area cathode material. The kinetics study reveals evidence for a first-order disproportionation reaction during discharge from an oxygen-rich Li2O2 component with superoxide-like character to a Li2O2 component. The oxygen-rich superoxide-like component has a much smaller potential during charge (3.2-3.5 V) than the Li2O2 component (∼4.2 V). The formation of the superoxide-like component is likely due to the porosity of the activated carbon used in the Li-O2 cell cathode that provides a good environment for growth during discharge. The discharge product containing these two components is characterized by toroids, which are assemblies of nanoparticles. The morphologic growth and decomposition process of the toroids during the reversible discharge/charge process was observed by scanning electron microscopy and is consistent with the presence of the two components in the discharge product. The results of this study provide new insight into how growth conditions control the nature of discharge product, which can be used to achieve improved performance in Li-O2 cell.
Effect of Ni Loading on Catalyst Bed Temperature in Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methane over α-Al2O3-Supported Ni Catalysts (2005)

Temperature profiles and catalytic performance over α-alumina-supported nickel catalysts with various Ni loadings (0.2−10 wt %) were studied during the oxidative steam reforming of methane. The catalyst bed temperature during the reaction was dependent on the Ni loading amount. From the viewpoint that the formation of hot spots can be inhibited to some extent, 0.9 wt % Ni was a suitable catalyst in our case, which exhibited the lowest bed temperature at W/F = 0.4 g·h/mol. To investigate the factors that control the bed temperature during the oxidative steam reforming of methane, first, the steam and CO2 reforming of methane was carried out. It was found that the methane conversion gradually increased with increasing Ni loading. Second, the catalytic behavior was examined when the reforming gas (CH4/H2O) was added to the combustion gas (CH4/O2). The results revealed that over the catalyst with lower Ni loading, the combustion activity was rather low; however, the combustion activity and the catalyst bed temperature were drastically enhanced in the presence of the reforming gas. Moreover, the correlation between the bed temperature in oxidative steam reforming of methane and catalytic performance of methane combustion and methane reforming was stated. Furthermore, we also carried out catalyst characterization by means of X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen, and measurement of adsorption amount of hydrogen. On the basis of characterization results, the effect of Ni loading on the oxidative reforming of methane was discussed.
Small angle neutron scattering from polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide (1999)

Abstract Above its critical point, carbon dioxide forms a supercritical (SC) solvent which promises to be an environmentally responsible replacement for the organic solvents currently used in polymer synthesis and processing. CO2–soluble molecules (e.g. tluoropolymers) have been charkterized using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). By analogy with light and small-angle X–ray scattering (SAXS) experiments on polymers in dilute solution, the radius of gyration (Rg), molecular weight (MW) and second osmotic virial coefficient (A,) are determined from SANS experiments in SC–CO2. However, many polymers do not dissolve in this medium and in order to promote the synthesis of such materials, a range of amphiphilic block copolymers has been developed. These molecules function as surfactants or emulsifying agents to solubilize the CO2–phobic polymers. In the case of diblock copolymers in SC–CO2, aggregation occurs when the solvent is preferential for one of the blocks, and SANS allows the size and shape of the aggregates (micelles) to be determined. Illustrative examples of these studies are given and neutron scattering promises to give the same level of insight into polymers and amphiphiles in supercritical media that it has provided in the condensed state and in aqueous systems.
Development of Ceramic Membrane Reactors for High Temperature Gas Cleanup (1992)

The more difficult part of developing a membrane reactor was making a membrane with suitable permselectivity. Since both the ammonia and H[sub 2]S decomposition reactions produce H[sub 2], we want a membrane that selectively permeates hydrogen. We have taken the approach of coating a substrate that has fine pores (a microfilter or ultrafilter) with a completely dense layer and then (except for palladium coatings) malting super fine pores in the dense layer by leaching or pyrolysis. We used four different substrates (Norton 0.2 alumina monolith, Refractron alumina microfilters, Vycor glass, Alcoa ultrafilter) and five different coating materials (Poly N-methyl silazane, Aremco 617 alumina-based glaze, Polycyclohydridomethyl silazane, Aluminum phosphorus oxides, palladium). Only the palladium films on an alumina ultrafilter could be made regularly with a negligible defect population. The other approaches were plagued with cracks and poor reproducibility. We made palladium films on a tubular alumina ultrafilter (US Filter, Warrendale, PA) by electroless plating from a platinum amine complex solution in hydrazine (Rhoda, 1959). The best results were achieved with an ultrafilter pore size of 100 angstroms and with pretreatment of the surface in a stannic/stannous chloride solution. The films were about 5 microns thick and appeared defect free under electron microscopy. Because defect-free palladium films are infinitely selective to hydrogen with respect to the other components of gasifier product gas, we expect that the selectivity of our palladium films will exceed 1000 even with the inevitable defects that accompany real membranes. We have analyzed the performance and economics of membrane reactors for H[sub 2]S and NH[sub 3] decomposition using the reaction rates determined experimentally in our catalyst development work and using the permeation behavior of palladium films reported in the literature.
Table S2 from Targeting Calcium Signaling Induces Epigenetic Reactivation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2. Drug screening results after treatment at 50 ÂµM for 24h&lt;/p&gt;
The role of interleukin‐4Rα in the induction of glutamic acid decarboxylase in airway epithelium following acute house dust mite exposure (2010)

Background Asthma is a disease characterized by airway inflammation, remodelling and dysfunction. Airway inflammation contributes to remodelling, a term that is used to describe structural changes including goblet cell metaplasia (GCM), matrix deposition, and smooth muscle hyperplasia/hypertrophy. GCM has been implicated in asthma mortality by contributing to mucus plugs and leading to asphyxiation. In animal models, this process is highly dependent on IL-13. Recently, we have described an IL-13-dependent up-regulation of a GABAergic signalling system in airway epithelium that contributes to GCM. The mechanism by which IL-13 up-regulates GABA signalling in airway epithelium is unknown. Objectives To test the hypothesis that IL-4Ralpha signalling is required for allergen induced up-regulation of GABAergic signalling and GCM. Methods BALB/c mice were exposed to an acute house dust mite (HDM) protocol and received vehicle, anti-IL-4Ralpha-monoclonal antibody, or control antibody. Outcomes included airway responses to inhaled methacholine (MCh), histology for eosinophilia and GCM, phosphorylated STAT6 levels using immunohistochemistry and immunoblot, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67 and GABA(A)beta(2/3) receptor subunit expression using confocal microscopy. Results Acute HDM exposure resulted in increased airway responses to MCh, lung eosinophilia, STAT6 phosphorylation, elevations in GAD65/67 and GABA(A)beta(2/3) receptor expression, and GCM that were inhibited with anti-IL-4Ralpha-monoclonal treatment. Control antibody had no effect. Conclusion The IL-4Ralpha is required for allergen-induced up-regulation of a GABAergic system in airway epithelium implicated in GCM following acute HDM exposure.
Development of novel projection electron microscopy (PEM) system for EUV mask inspection (2012)

In order to realize pattern defect inspection for 1Xnm EUV mask, we are developing a novel projection electron microscopy (PEM) system; which enables us to make the inspection in high resolution and high speed as compared with conventional DUV and EB inspection systems. In this paper, we have cleared how progress is needed to the decided specification target, e.g., sensitivity of 16nm size in pattern defect and inspection speed of 19 hours/100mm square, as compared to the current PEM optics performance. Then, to achieve the progress, we made a new design concept, i.e., a novel PEM optics employing high electron energy as compared to the current PEM optics, and verifying the concept by using numerical estimations. The results show that the novel PEM optics design concept is capable to meet the progress and the target for 1Xnm EUV mask.
Resistive mixing and parametric up-conversion of microwave optoelectronic signals in a microstrip ring resonator (2002)

A novel microwave optoelectronic mixer was fabricated on semi-insulating GaAs by monolithically integrating Schottky diode photodetectors into a microstrip ring resonator. Resistive mixing occurs when the conductance of the detector is modulated, and parametric amplification occurs when the capacitive reactance of the detector is modulated. The mixer shows very good potential for application in wideband fiber optic systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Author Correction: Endothelial cell heterogeneity and microglia regulons revealed by a pig cell landscape at single-cell level (2022)

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Multi-disciplinary study of lanthanide chelates as multi-modal molecular imaging agents (2004)

Molecular imaging is a powerful tool that has the ability to elucidate biochemical mechanisms and signal the early onset of disease. Lanthanide chelates represent a unique class of molecular imaging agents that can yield multi-modal signatures including long-lived fluorescence and magnetic resonance. The primary aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the utility of Lanthanide chelate molecular imaging agents for contrast enhanced disease demarcation. Traditionally, Lanthanide chelate imaging agents have been non-targeted perfusion agents that distribute in-vivo based on charge and lipophilicity. It is shown here that the structural features of the chelate can be modified to facilitate tunable spectroscopic and biodistribution properties in-vivo. While our perfusion-based agents have demonstrated considerable utility, their principal limitation is specificity. For increased specificity, we synthesized a trifunctional Lanthanide chelate that possessed an antenna for metal sensitization, phosphonate acid pendant arms for chelation, and a carboxylate arm for conjugation to targeting moieties such as antibodies, peptides, or small molecule ligands. \n\nRecently, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) overexpression has been reported in many types of disease. Small molecule ligands of the PBR, such as PK11195, have been shown to bind with high affinity and thus could be used as contrast agent targeting moieties. Therefore, we synthesized a structural analogue of PK11195 that facilitates C-terminal conjugation. This form was then coupled to the trifunctional Lanthanide chelate and complexed with Europium and Gadolinium (Ln-PK11195).\n\nWith the Ln-PK11195 agent in hand, it was demonstrated that PBR overexpressing C6 glioma cells would actively uptake the agent and that Ln-PK11195 seemed to be localizing on the PBR. Additionally, multi-modal imaging (fluorescence and MR) was shown possible on a single group of cells incubated with a Eu-PKl 1195 and Gd- PK11195 cocktail.\n\nNext, we demonstrated PBR profiling on surgically resected human tissue samples using Eu-PKl 1195, indicating a possible use as a histopathology stain. Both cancerous and non-cancerous PBR expressing disease was labeled with the agent.\n\nFinally, we fully characterized the primary spectroscopic signatures of Ln- PK11195 (time-resolved fluorescence and MR) for sensitivity to pH. It was shown that Ln-PK11195 demonstrates adequate pH sensitivity to measure localized, intracellular pH in tissues.
Substrate specificity of the ileal and the hepatic Na+/bile acid cotransporters of the rabbit. I. Transport studies with membrane vesicles and cell lines expressing the cloned transporters (1999)

The substrate specificity of the ileal and the hepatic Na(+)/bile acid cotransporters was determined using brush border membrane vesicles and CHO cell lines permanently expressing the Na(+)/bile acid cotransporters from rabbit ileum or rabbit liver. The hepatic transporter showed a remarkably broad specificity for interaction with cholephilic compounds in contrast to the ileal system. The anion transport inhibitor diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonate (DIDS) is a strong inhibitor of the hepatic Na(+)/bile acid cotransporter, but does not show any affinity to its ileal counterpart. Inhibition studies and uptake measurements with about 40 different bile acid analogues differing in the number, position, and stereochemistry of the hydroxyl groups at the steroid nucleus resulted in clear structure;-activity relationships for the ileal and hepatic bile acid transporters. The affinity to the ileal and hepatic Na(+)/bile acid cotransport systems and the uptake rates by cell lines expressing those transporters as well as rabbit ileal brush border membrane vesicles is primarily determined by the substituents on the steroid nucleus. Two hydroxy groups at position 3, 7, or 12 are optimal whereas the presence of three hydroxy groups decreased affinity. Vicinal hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 or a shift of the 7-hydroxy group to the 6-position significantly decreased the affinity to the ileal transporter in contrast to the hepatic system. 6-Hydroxylated bile acid derivatives are preferred substrates of the hepatic Na(+)/bile acid cotransporter. Surprisingly, the 3alpha-hydroxy group being present in all natural bile acids is not essential for high affinity interaction with the ileal and the hepatic bile acid transporter. The 3alpha-hydroxy group seems to be necessary for optimal transport of a bile acid across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane. A modification of bile acids at the 3-position therefore conserves the bile acid character thus determining the 3-position of bile acids as the ideal position for drug targeting strategies using bile acid transport pathways.
IFNγ-inducible chemokines involved in lymphocyte trafficking and tumor regression are induced by immunotherapeutic Listeria monocytogenes (48.39) (2011)

Abstract Using a transplantable HPV immortalized tumor model, TC.1, and a Listeria monocytogenes based immunotherapeutic that expresses HPV-E7, we have examined the requirements for T cell homing and infiltration following immunotherapy. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced in response to vaccination with Listeria based vaccines and underlie mechanisms of vaccine efficacy. Lymphocyte migration and infiltration into tumors and vaccine induced tumor regression are dependent upon a functional IFNγ receptor on the tumor cells. We hypothesized that vaccine induced and IFNγ dependent tumor regression relies on the presence of tumor derived, and IFNγ regulated chemokines. We noted the upregulation of CXCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 ligands at the mRNA and protein level in IFNγ and TNFα stimulated TC.1 tumor cells compared to unstimulated TC.1 cells. Vaccination with Listeria vaccines induced (i) the upregulation of tumor CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL9 and (ii) tumor infiltration of T cells bearing their cognate receptors. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes consisted of both tumor antigen specific and Listeria antigen specific T cells. Chemokine receptor expression patterns varied among tumor infiltrating T cell subsets. IFNγ and TNFα stimulated CXCR3 ligand upregulation is a common feature among a variety of tumor cell lines and across a variety of tissues. Tumor cells are a source of effector T cell chemoattractants under vaccine induced pro-inflammatory conditions.
Preliminary data from QUILT 3.055: A phase 2 multi-cohort study of N803 (IL-15 superagonist) in combination with checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). (2021)

2596 Background: There is currently a paucity of treatment options for checkpoint relapsed patients who have had an initial response but subsequently progress. N803, a novel IgG1 Fc-engineered IL-15-complexed protein may rescue checkpoint activity in a checkpoint independent manner via its selective enhancement of natural killer cell (NK) and CD8+ T cell number and function, without stimulation of T regs and MDSCs. Methods: QUILT 3.055, (NCT03228667) a phase 2b study of N803 plus investigator choice CPI in 11 tumor types: NSCLC, SCLC, Urothelial carcinoma, HNSCC, Merkel cell carcinoma, Melanoma (single PD-1/PD-L1 CPI or w/ ipilimumab), Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), Gastric cancer, Cervical cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/ mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, with a heterogeneous mix of prior therapies. We present interim data for 135 patients treated with CPI alone or in combination with chemotherapy as their most recent prior therapy. Trial inclusion required investigator assessed progression on last line of therapy, patients had either CR with relapse or partial response or stable disease for 6 months with progression as their most recent result of checkpoint therapy. Patients with hyperprogression or best initial response of progression were excluded. Subjects received N803 15mck/kg SC q 3 weeks in combination with the same checkpoint inhibitor on which they had their most recent progression. Results: Preliminary data from 135 patients (60% NSCLC) with treatment with checkpoint and N-803 following progression on the same checkpoint show CR 0%, PR 8%, Stable Disease 51%, Progression 29%, response unevaluable 12% to date. A PR or SD was seen in all subgroups. Median PFS 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.6,5.0). Median OS 13.8 months (95% CI: 11.8, 16.3) N-803 is well tolerated with grade 1-2 common N-803 treatment related adverse events (TRAE) were injection site reaction (68%), chills (32%) fatigue (26%), pyrexia (26%), flu-like illness (14%), nausea (12%) and no other individual AE &gt; 10%. Grade 3 N-803 TRAE were 12% but no individual grade 3 AEs were greater than 5%. Conclusions: N803 demonstrates low toxicity in patients previously treated with CPI and promising efficacy of cessation of progression and induction of response and durable stable disease in patients who had previously progressed on a CPI containing regimen in multiple tumor types and different CPIs. Clinical trial information: NCT03228667.
GALS Design for Spectral Peak Attenuation of Switching Current (2013)

Digital circuits often suffer from the switching noise when synchronized by a global clock. This work investigates the spectral peak attenuation of the switching current by applying Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) design. It is theoretically proven that, in particular for a plesiochronous design with M clock domains, an attenuation of up to 20logM dB can be achieved at lower order harmonics of the clock frequency. Power-consumption balanced GALS partitioning is found to be preferred for spectral noise attenuation, since it provides robustness against the current shape variations in individual blocks. Experiments on a 130-nm CMOS synchronous/GALS dual-core FMCW-RADAR chip, named Lighthouse, have been performed. Comparing with the synchronous design, on the on-chip power supply, a spectral peak attenuation of 12.29 dB at the fundamental clock frequency can be measured for the power balanced GALS design with five plesio-chronous clocks.
SOI ESD Circuits and Design Integration (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: SOI ESD Design Integration SOI ESD Design: Diode Design SOI ESD Diode Design: Mixed Voltage Interface (MVI) Environments SOI ESD Networks in SOI CPU with Aluminum (AI) Interconnects SOI ESD Design in Copper (Cu) Interconnects SOI ESD Design with Gate Circuitry SOI and Dynamic Threshold ESD Networks SOI Technology and Miscellaneous ESD Issues Summary and Closing Comments Problems References
Capacitated Network Design—Polyhedral Structure and Computation (1996)

We study a capacity expansion problem that arises in telecommunication network design. Given a capacitated network and a traffic demand matrix, the objective is to add capacity to the edges, in multiples of various modularities, and route traffic, so that the overall cost is minimized. We study the polyhedral structure of a mixed-integer formulation of the problem and develop a cutting-plane algorithm using facet defining inequalities. The algorithm produces an extended formulation providing both a vary good lower bound and a starting point for branch and bound. The overall algorithm appears effective when applied to problem instances using real-life data.
A Recommender System for Inverse Design of Polycarbonates and Polyesters (2020)

The convergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning with material science holds significant promise to rapidly accelerate development timelines of new high-performance polymeric materials. Within this context, we report an inverse design strategy for polycarbonate and polyester discovery based on a recommendation system that proposes polymerization experiments that are likely to produce materials with targeted properties. Following recommendations of the system driven by the historical ring-opening polymerization results, we carried out experiments targeting specific ranges of monomer conversion and dispersity of the polymers obtained from cyclic lactones and carbonates. The results of the experiments were in close agreement with the recommendation targets with few false negatives or positives obtained for each class.
Ambulatory Energy Expenditure Estimation: A Machine Learning Approach (2010)

This paper presents a machine learning approach for accurate estimation of energy expenditure using a fusion of accelerometer and heart rate sensing. To address short comings in existing off-the-shelf solutions, we designed Jog Falls, an end to end system for weight management in collaboration with physicians in India. This system is meant to enable people to accurately monitor their energy expenditure and intake and make educated tradeoffs to reach their weight goals. In this paper we describe the sensing components of Jog Falls and focus on the energy expenditure estimation algorithm. We present results from controlled experiments in the lab, as well results from a 15 participant user study over a period of 63 days. We show how our algorithm mitigates many of the issues in existing solutions and yields more accurate results.
Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Produced by the Assembly of Size-Selected Clusters: Covering the Full Visible Wavelength Range in the Smallest Particle Size Regime (2007)

The tunability of the optical properties of small gold nanoparticles assembled from size-selected Au 6-10 clusters on the surface of indium-tin-oxide glass support was studied as a function of gold particle size and shape using UV-VIS and dark-field microscopy techniques. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles was determined by employing synchrotron X-ray scattering. The obtained spectra show that a 350 nm wavelength range is accessible by proper tuning the size and shape of the studied nanoparticles with 1-2.5 nm main size and asymmetric vs symmetric form.