gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Flow-Dependent Fiber Orientation Model (2020)

The mechanical performance of fiber reinforced polymers is dependent on the process-induced fiber orientation. In this work, we focus on the prediction of the fiber orientation in an injection-molded short fiber reinforced thermoplastic part using an original multi-scale modeling approach. A particle-based model developed for shear flows is extended to elongational flows. This mechanistic model for elongational flows is validated using an experiment, which was conducted for a long fiber reinforced polymer. The influence of several fiber descriptors and fluid viscosity on fiber orientation under elongational flow is studied at the micro-scale. Based on this sensitivity analysis, a common parameter set for a continuum-based fiber orientation macroscopic model is defined under elongational flow. We then develop a novel flow-dependent macroscopic fiber orientation, which takes into consideration the effect of both elongational and shear flow on the fiber orientation evolution during the filling of a mold cavity. The model is objective and shows better performance in comparison to state-of-the-art fiber orientation models when compared to μCT-based fiber orientation measurements for several industrial parts. The model is implemented using the simulation software Autodesk Moldflow Insight Scandium® 2019.
Exclusive ϱ0 production in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering at HERA (1995)

The exclusive production of ρ{variant}0mesons in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering has been studied using the ZEUS detector. Cross sections have been measured in the range 7 &lt; Q2&lt; 25 GeV2for λ*p centre of mass (c.m.) energies 40 to 130 GeV. The λ*p → ρ{variant}0p cross section exhibits a Q-(4.2±0.8-0.5+1.4)dependence and both longitudinally and transversely polarised ρ{variant}0's are observed. The λ*p → ρ{variant}0p cross section rises strongly with increasing c.m. energy, when compared with NMC data at lower energy, which cannot be explained by production through soft pomeron exchange. The data are compared with perturbative QCD calculations where the rise in the cross section reflects the increase in the gluon density at low x. © 1995.
Chromatin Extrusion Explains Key Features of Loop and Domain Formation in Wild‐type and Engineered Genomes (2016)

We recently used in situ Hi-C to create kilobase-resolution 3D maps of mammalian genomes. Here, we combine these maps with new Hi-C, microscopy, and genome-editing experiments to study the physical structure of chromatin fibers, domains, and loops. We find that the observed contact domains are inconsistent with the equilibrium state for an ordinary condensed polymer. Combining Hi-C data and novel mathematical theorems, we show that contact domains are also not consistent with a fractal globule. Instead, we use physical simulations to study two models of genome folding. In one, intermonomer attraction during polymer condensation leads to formation of an anisotropic “tension globule.” In the other, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin act together to extrude unknotted loops during interphase. Both models are consistent with the observed contact domains and with the observation that contact domains tend to form inside loops. However, the extrusion model explains a far wider array of observations, such as why loops tend not to overlap and why the CTCF-binding motifs at pairs of loop anchors lie in the convergent orientation. Finally, we perform 13 genome-editing experiments examining the effect of altering CTCF-binding sites on chromatin folding. The convergent rule correctly predicts the affected loops in every case. Moreover, the extrusion model accurately predicts in silico the 3D maps resulting from each experiment using only the location of CTCF-binding sites in the WT. Thus, we show that it is possible to disrupt, restore, and move loops and domains using targeted mutations as small as a single base pair.
Raising coverage and capacity using fixed relays in a realistic scenario (2008)

Multihop techniques are known as a practical solution for covering huge radio cell areas when there are only very few base stations (BS). This is the case when fiber access is limited and BS CAPEX and OPEX are very expensive. For WiMAX and 3GPP-LTE it is possible to operate relay stations which are only fed over the air link. While having some inherent overhead due to increased radio resource usage, there are nevertheless impressive gains in the coverage compared to a BS alone and also in the capacity of the whole radio cell. Near relay nodes (RN) there is not only better SINR to the user, which is obvious, but it is often more efficient to associate to a RN instead of the BS, taking into account all resources used for the first and second hop. Therefore this is a low cost measure to increase the system efficiency. This has been shown in the literature for artificial scenarios so far. In this paper we study a realistic scenario using data from topology information and raytracing. The city of Jersey was taken as example. The data is analyzed numerically, with all layer-1 and layer-2 performance models specified analytically. We study the case of one base station only, one BS with four RNs, and the latter plus another ring of nine RNs. The BS has fiber access, while the first hop of relays (H1) is fed over the air from BS and the second hop H2 is fed by the RNs of group H1. We present results for the gains in coverage and capacity that are obtained by these multihop techniques.
The Association between Ocular Biometry and Retinal Vascular Caliber Is Comparable from Early Childhood to Adolescence (2013)

We demonstrate a similar magnitude of retinal vessel narrowing with axial length elongation and increasing corneal curvature from childhood through to adolescence. These data confirm the robustness of the associations between ocular biometric traits and retinal microvascular structural changes during childhood development.
3GPP Mobile Multimedia Streaming Standards [Standards in a Nutshell (2010)

Data rates offered by mobile networks are increasing, as are the capabilities of mobile devices. With this, mobile multimedia services are getting wider distribution. Traditional linear mobile TV services, where the viewer has to watch a scheduled TV program at the offered time, were initially dominating but other streaming services like Video on Demand, User-Generated Content (USG) services, or Internet streaming services are becoming more important. This article describes the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for mobile unicast multimedia streaming and how they are used in almost 200 mobile networks.
Metformin inhibits P‐glycoprotein expression via the NF‐κB pathway and CRE transcriptional activity through AMPK activation (2010)

These results suggest that metformin activates AMPK and suppresses MDR1 expression in MCF-7/adr cells by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and CREB. This study reveals a novel function of metformin as an anticancer agent.
Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Plays No Regulatory Role in Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function (2013)

Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) exists in three major isoforms: slow skeletal, fast skeletal, and cardiac. While cardiac MyBP-C (cMyBP-C) expression is restricted to the heart in the adult, it is transiently expressed in neonatal stages of some skeletal muscles. However, it is unclear whether this expression is necessary for the proper development and function of skeletal muscle. Our aim was to determine whether the absence of cMyBP-C alters the structure, function, or MyBP-C isoform expression in adult skeletal muscle using a cMyBP-C null mouse model (cMyBP-C((t/t))). Slow MyBP-C was expressed in both slow and fast skeletal muscles, whereas fast MyBP-C was mostly restricted to fast skeletal muscles. Expression of these isoforms was unaffected in skeletal muscle from cMyBP-C((t/t)) mice. Slow and fast skeletal muscles in cMyBP-C((t/t)) mice showed no histological or ultrastructural changes in comparison to the wild-type control. In addition, slow muscle twitch, tetanus tension, and susceptibility to injury were all similar to the wild-type controls. Interestingly, fMyBP-C expression was significantly increased in the cMyBP-C((t/t)) hearts undergoing severe dilated cardiomyopathy, though this does not seem to prevent dysfunction. Additionally, expression of both slow and fast isoforms was increased in myopathic skeletal muscles. Our data demonstrate that i) MyBP-C isoforms are differentially regulated in both cardiac and skeletal muscles, ii) cMyBP-C is dispensable for the development of skeletal muscle with no functional or structural consequences in the adult myocyte, and iii) skeletal isoforms can transcomplement in the heart in the absence of cMyBP-C.
Supplementary Figure 1 from De-Repression of <i>PDGFRβ</i> Transcription Promotes Acquired Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 199K, Fig. S1. EGFRvIII and wild type EGFR signaling regulate PDGFRβ in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;
Visual Knowledge Negotiation (2018)

We ask how users interact with ‘knowledge’ in the context of artificial intelligence systems. Four examples of visual interfaces demonstrate the need for such systems to allow room for negotiation between domain experts, automated statistical models, and the people who are involved in collecting and providing data.
Plasmonic Biofoam: A Versatile Optically Active Material (2015)

Owing to their ability to confine and manipulate light at the nanoscale, plasmonic nanostructures are highly attractive for a broad range of applications. While tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis of size- and shape-controlled plasmonic nanostructures, their integration with other materials and application in solid-state is primarily through their assembly on rigid two-dimensional (2D) substrates, which limits the plasmonically active space to a few nanometers above the substrate. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method to create plasmonically active three-dimensional biofoams by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with highly porous biomaterial aerogels. We demonstrate that plasmonic biofoam is a versatile optically active platform that can be harnessed for numerous applications including (i) ultrasensitive chemical detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering; (ii) highly efficient energy harvesting and steam generation through plasmonic photothermal heating; and (iii) optical control of enzymatic activity by triggered release of biomolecules encapsulated within the aerogel. Our results demonstrate that 3D plasmonic biofoam exhibits significantly higher sensing, photothermal, and loading efficiency compared to conventional 2D counterparts. The design principles and processing methodology of plasmonic aerogels demonstrated here can be broadly applied in the fabrication of other functional foams.
Novel Inhibitory Effect of a Lysophosphatidic Acid 2 Agonist on Allergen-Driven Airway Inflammation (2015)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid signaling molecule associated with asthma pathobiology. LPA elicits its effects by binding to at least six known cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) that are expressed in the lung in a cell type-specific manner. LPA2 in particular has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in asthma because it appears to transduce inhibitory or cell-protective signals. We studied a novel and specific small molecule LPA2 agonist (2-[4-(1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzoisoquinolin-2-yl)butylsulfamoyl] benzoic acid [DBIBB]) in a mouse model of house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. Mice injected with DBIBB developed significantly less airway and lung inflammation compared with vehicle-treated controls. Levels of lung Th2 cytokines were also significantly attenuated by DBIBB. We conclude that pharmacologic activation of LPA2 attenuates Th2-driven allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Targeting LPA receptor signaling holds therapeutic promise in allergic asthma.
Investigation of the signaling mechanism and verification of the performance of an electrochemical real-time PCR system based on the interaction of methylene blue with DNA (2011)

The operation of an electrochemical real-time PCR system, based on intercalative binding of methylene blue (MB) with dsDNA, has been demonstrated. PCR was performed on a fabricated electrode-patterned glass chip containing MB while recording the cathodic current peak by measuring the square wave voltammogram (SWV). The current peak signal was found to decrease with an increase in the PCR cycle number. This phenomenon was found to be mainly a consequence of the lower apparent diffusion rate of the MB-DNA complex (D(b) = 6.82 × 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) with 612 bp dsDNA) as compared to that of free MB (D(f) = 5.06 × 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1)). Utilizing this signal changing mechanism, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of an electrochemical real-time PCR system by accurately quantifying initial copy numbers of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA templates on a direct electrode chip. A standard calibration plot of the threshold cycle (C(t)) value versus the log of the input template quantity demonstrated reliable linearity and a good PCR efficiency (106%) that is comparable to that of a conventional TaqMan probe-based real time PCR. Finally, the system developed in this effort can be employed as a key technology for the achievement of point-of-care genetic diagnosis based on the electrochemical real-time PCR.
Multicenter, Prospective, Longitudinal Study of the Recurrence, Surgical Site Infection, and Quality of Life After Contaminated Ventral Hernia Repair Using Biosynthetic Absorbable Mesh (2015)

In this prospective longitudinal study, biosynthetic absorbable mesh showed efficacy in terms of long-term recurrence and quality of life for CVH repair patients and offers an alternative to biologic and permanent synthetic meshes in these complex situations.
Presence of Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6B DNA in multiple sclerosis patients: associations with disease activity (2005)

MS patients express EBV and HHV-6B in both saliva and plasma, but only the expression of EBV in saliva is significantly reduced following valacyclovir treatment. Although EBV and HHV-6B DNAs can be detected in plasma from healthy individuals, the co-expression of both these viruses in MS patients is highly significant and further associated with clinical activity. The observations of viral DNA in plasma are consistent with an underlying immunologic defect in MS.
SmartMocap: Joint Estimation of Human and Camera Motion Using Uncalibrated RGB Cameras (2023)

Markerless human motion capture (mocap) from multiple RGB cameras is a widely studied problem. Existing methods either need calibrated cameras or calibrate them relative to a static camera, which acts as the reference frame for the mocap system. The calibration step has to be done a priori for every capture session, which is a tedious process, and re-calibration is required whenever cameras are intentionally or accidentally moved. In this letter, we propose a mocap method which uses multiple static and moving extrinsically uncalibrated RGB cameras. The key components of our method are as follows. First, since the cameras and the subject can move freely, we select the ground plane as a common reference to represent both the body and the camera motions unlike existing methods which represent bodies in the camera coordinate system. Second, we learn a probability distribution of short human motion sequences ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1 sec) relative to the ground plane and leverage it to disambiguate between the camera and human motion. Third, we use this distribution as a motion prior in a novel multi-stage optimization approach to fit the SMPL human body model and the camera poses to the human body keypoints on the images. Finally, we show that our method can work on a variety of datasets ranging from aerial cameras to smartphones. It also gives more accurate results compared to the state-of-the-art on the task of monocular human mocap with a static camera.
Computerized three-class classification of MRI-based prognostic markers for breast cancer (2011)

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether computerized analysis using three-class Bayesian artificial neural network (BANN) feature selection and classification can characterize tumor grades (grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3) of breast lesions for prognostic classification on DCE-MRI. A database of 26 IDC grade 1 lesions, 86 IDC grade 2 lesions and 58 IDC grade 3 lesions was collected. The computer automatically segmented the lesions, and kinetic and morphological lesion features were automatically extracted. The discrimination tasks-grade 1 versus grade 3, grade 2 versus grade 3, and grade 1 versus grade 2 lesions-were investigated. Step-wise feature selection was conducted by three-class BANNs. Classification was performed with three-class BANNs using leave-one-lesion-out cross-validation to yield computer-estimated probabilities of being grade 3 lesion, grade 2 lesion and grade 1 lesion. Two-class ROC analysis was used to evaluate the performances. We achieved AUC values of 0.80 ± 0.05, 0.78 ± 0.05 and 0.62 ± 0.05 for grade 1 versus grade 3, grade 1 versus grade 2, and grade 2 versus grade 3, respectively. This study shows the potential for (1) applying three-class BANN feature selection and classification to CADx and (2) expanding the role of DCE-MRI CADx from diagnostic to prognostic classification in distinguishing tumor grades.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Basis for Cyclic Terpene Biosynthesis by Tobacco 5‐epi‐Aristolochene Synthase (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Annealing Behavior of Irradiation-Induced Damage in an AlGaAs/GaAs Heterostructure by Low-Energy Electron Beam (1994)

Evaluating the low-temperature mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, we have studied the nature of the damage induced in the heterostructure by low-energy electron-beam irradiation up to 7.5 keV at room temperature and at 90 K. The isochronal annealing revealed that at around 450 K the degraded mobility recovered quickly in the 90-K-irradiated sample and gradually in the sample irradiated at room temperature. However, the quality of both samples did not recover completely upon annealing at 675 K. The electron-beam irradiation was speculated to cause the formation of As-related defects.
Evaluation of the Ser-His Dipeptide, a Putative Catalyst of Amide and Ester Hydrolysis (2016)

Efficient hydrolysis of amide bonds has long been a reaction of interest for organic chemists. The rate constants of proteases are unmatched by those of any synthetic catalyst. It has been proposed that a dipeptide containing serine and histidine is an effective catalyst of amide hydrolysis, based on an apparent ability to degrade a protein. The capacity of the Ser-His dipeptide to catalyze the hydrolysis of several discrete ester and amide substrates is investigated using previously described conditions. This dipeptide does not catalyze the hydrolysis of amide or unactivated ester groups in any of the substrates under the conditions evaluated.
Fabrication of high performance field-effect transistors and practical Schottky contacts using hydrothermal ZnO nanowires (2015)

The production of large quantities of single crystalline semiconducting ZnO nanowires (NWs) at low cost can offer practical solutions to realizing several novel electronic/optoelectronic and sensor applications on an industrial scale. The present work demonstrates high-density single crystalline NWs synthesized by a multiple cycle hydrothermal process at ∼100 °C. The high carrier concentration in such ZnO NWs is greatly suppressed by a simple low cost thermal annealing step in ambient air at ∼450 °C. Single ZnO NW FETs incorporating these modified NWs are characterized, revealing strong metal work function-dependent charge transport, unobtainable with as-grown hydrothermal ZnO NWs. Single ZnO NW FETs with Al as source and drain (s/d) contacts show excellent performance metrics, including low off-state currents (fA range), high on/off ratio (10(5)-10(7)), steep subthreshold slope (<600 mV/dec) and excellent field-effect carrier mobility (5-11 cm(2)/V-s). Modified ZnO NWs with platinum s/d contacts demonstrate excellent Schottky transport characteristics, markedly different from a reference ZnO NW device with Al contacts. This included abrupt reverse bias current-voltage saturation characteristics and positive temperature coefficient (∼0.18 eV to 0.13 eV). This work is envisaged to benefit many areas of hydrothermal ZnO NW research, such as NW FETs, piezoelectric energy recovery, piezotronics and Schottky diodes.
REDUCED LEAF SENESCENCE IN CHRYSANTHEMUM TRANSFORMED WITH MUTATED ETHYLENE RECEPTOR GENES (2007)

ISHS XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Plant Biotechnology: From Bench to Commercialization REDUCED LEAF SENESCENCE IN CHRYSANTHEMUM TRANSFORMED WITH MUTATED ETHYLENE RECEPTOR GENES
Supplementary Movie 2 from Loss-of-Function Mutations in TRAF7 and KLF4 Cooperatively Activate RAS-Like GTPase Signaling and Promote Meningioma Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Movie 2&lt;/p&gt;
Prediction of Weather Operating Windows for Offshore Drilling Vessels (1983)

A management 'tool' for predicting Weather Operating Windows for offshore drilling operations has been developed and tested for the dynamic positioning drillship PETREL. It is shown that two measures are required in making such an assessment: the persistence of vessel heave response as it affects drilling operations and the probable downtimes with respect to each drilling operation throughout the year for the geographical location of interest. The study includes a detailed meteorological/oceanographic investigation of the physical environmental conditions for some Canadian east coast marine areas.
Evolution of Sliding Contact Wear Between Deformable Conducting Bodies via a Multiphysics Framework (2020)

Abstract A multiphysics computational framework is introduced and exercised to predict the wear behavior of two deformable, heat-conducting bodies under conditions of sliding contact. This framework enables the solution of a coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) expressing the conservation of energy and momentum along with two ordinary differential equations (ODEs) expressing mass conservation. This system is intended to capture wear evolution for each of the bodies forming a wear pair, in a self-consistent manner. Furthermore, an arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian approach has been integrated to enable tracking the evolution of the wear fronts on both elements of the sliding contact pair through physics-informed mesh deformation. A theorem and a corollary are proved to indicate that most existing models describing wear that are expressed in the form of an ODE are actually manifestations of the law of conservation of mass. The framework is applied for two distinct slider-base pairs. The first involves an aluminum alloy slider and a copper alloy base. The second pair is identical to the first except it contains a thin strip of soda-lime glass embedded in the surface of the base. The effects of this glass layer on the wear of all participating bodies in comparison to the pair that does not contain this layer are presented. They indicate that while the glass layer has a wear mitigation effect for the stationary base it slightly increases the wear of the slider when compared with the respective bodies when the glass is not present.