gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocurrents from the Direct Irradiation of a Donor–Acceptor Complex Contained in a Thin Film on Indium Tin Oxide (2011)

We describe the performance of a photoelectrochemical cell based on an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex formed by the association of tetraphenylborate anion with a viologen dication siloxane film immobilized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Visible irradiation of a weak absorbance band of the EDA complex leads to simultaneous photoreduction of the viologen and photooxidation of the tetraphenylborate, forming a viologen monocation radical and tetraphenylborate radical. Spontaneous decomposition of the latter to products incapable of further reaction inhibits reverse electron transfer, permitting harvesting of the redox equivalents stored as the viologen monocation radical at the electrode. Results of statistically designed two-level factorial experiments indicate that the photocurrent increases with light intensity (L) and viologen coverage (P), but decreases with viologen siloxane film age (A). Although the solution BPh4– concentration (F) does not significantly affect the photocurrent response under our experimental conditions, the nature of the electrolyte anion (C) does. Although significant interactions among the L, P, A, and C variables exist, our analyses provide a model that (1) describes the viologen film aging; (2) adequately predicts cell photocurrent responses as functions of levels of the L, P, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, A variables; and (3) identifies areas for improvement and optimization of cell performance.
Meta-algorithmic systems for document classification (2006)

To address cost and regulatory concerns, many businesses are converting paper-based elements of their workflows into fully electronic flows that use the content of the documents. Scanning the document contents into workflows, however, is a manual, error-prone, and costly process especially when the data extraction process requires high accuracy. These manual costs are a primary barrier to widespread adoption of distributed capture solutions for business critical workflows such as insurance claims, medical records, or loan applications. Software solutions using artificial intelligence and natural language processing techniques are emerging to address these needs, but each have their individual strengths and weaknesses, and none have demonstrated a high level of accuracy across the many unstructured document types included in these business critical workflows. This paper describes how to overcome many of these limitations by intelligently combining multiple approaches for document classification using meta-algorithmic design patterns. These patterns explore the error space in multiple engines, and provide improved and emergent results in comparison to voting schemes and to the output of any of the individual engines. This paper considers the results of the individual engines along with traditional combinatorial techniques such as voting, before describing prototype results for a variety of novel metaalgorithmic patterns that reduce individual document error rates by up to 13% and reduce system error rates by up to 38%.
Porcelain Surface Alterations and Refinishing After Use of Two Orthodontic Bonding Methods (2009)

The PA + S method caused significantly less damage to porcelain than the SB + HF + S method. The refinishing protocol fully restored the porcelain surfaces.
Abstract 79: Differential Impact of Mitofusins on Endothelial Phenotype (2014)

Rationale: Endothelial mitochondria are important for endothelial cell function and the development of vascular diseases. Recent published observations have shown that endothelial mitochondria display altered morphology under stress, suggesting perturbation in mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics involves mitochondria fusion (regulated by mitofusins 1 (Mfn-1) and 2 (Mfn-2) and optic atrophy protein 1). The role of mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial dysfunction in vivo has never been explored. Method and Results: To understand the role of mitofusins in endothelial phenotype in vivo, we ablated mitofusins in Tie2-Cre-expressing cells. In vivo, Tie2-Mfn2 mice (ECKO Mfn2 ) had impaired recovery from hindlimb ischemia and diminished capillary density using CD31 immunofluorescence despite no difference in Tie2-Mfn-1 mice (ECKO Mfn1 ) compared to wild-type mice. We also observed exacerbated muscle atrophy in of ECKO Mfn2 but not ECKO Mfn1 mice compared to wild-type mice 28 days post HLI. Because vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Vegfr2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are involved in endothelial angiogenic response, we probed the effects of mitofusins on Vegfr2 and eNOS. There was less phosphorylated Vegfr2 and phosphorylated eNOS in ischemic limbs of ECKO Mfn2 mice, despite no difference in ECKO Mfn1 mice compared to wild-type mice at post operative day 14 according to western blotting indicating impaired angiogenic signaling in vivo. In cultured mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) deficient in Mfn-2, we observed significant reduction in Vegf −stimulated phosphorylation of Vegfr2 and eNOS compared to control cells. This blunted angiogenic signaling inhibited cell proliferation and migration in Mfn-2 but not Mfn-1 null endothelial cells. Conclusion: These data highlight a previously unrecognized role for Mfn-2 in angiogenesis and show that Mfn-2 not Mfn-1 is essential for mediating endothelial function.
Improved segmental myocardial strain reproducibility using deformable registration algorithms compared with feature tracking cardiac MRI and speckle tracking echocardiography (2017)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:404-414.
P‐38: Driving Scheme for Improving Color Performance of LCD's: Accurate Color Capture (2003)

Abstract This paper describes a novel driving scheme, ACC Accurate Color Capture, for improving color accuracy of LCD's. ACC changes RGB gamma curves separately to reduce the color shift with respect to the gray level. ACC dramatically reduced correlated color temperature shift from 3300K to 75K through 255‐64 gray range with 2.4 gray gamma value. As experimental results, ACC is little affected by gamma value variation of 2.0–2.8.
Abstract 203: SCLC-CellMiner: An extensive cell line genomic and pharmacology resource identifies a subgroup of small cell lung cancers sensitive to targeted therapies and immunotherapies (2021)

Abstract The typical low life expectancy and limited therapeutic options for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) caused the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to categorize SCLC as “recalcitrant” cancer. SCLC-CellMiner (https://discover.nci.nih.gov/SclcCellMinerCDB) integrates drug sensitivity and genomic data from 118 patient-derived SCLC cell lines, providing a unique genomic and pharmacological resource. Transcriptomic profiling validates the SCLC consensus nomenclature based on expression of 4 master transcription factors NEUROD1, ASCL1, POU2F3 and YAP1 (NAPY classification) and demonstrate differential transcriptional networks driven by these lineage specific transcription factors. Our analyses reveal transcription networks linking SCLC subtypes with MYC and its paralogs MYCL and MYCN and inactivation of the NOTCH pathway in the neuroendocrine SCLC (N, A &amp; P subgroups). By contrast, YAP1-driven SCLC (SCLC-Y) express the NOTCH pathway and co-express both YAP/TAZ and its negative regulator genes driving the Hippo pathway. SCLC-Y cell lines show the greatest resistance to the standard of care drugs (etoposide, cisplatin and topotecan) while PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors show a higher activity in this subgroup. To explore the immune pathways and the potential value of the transciption factors based classification for selecting SCLC patients likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, we explored a transcriptome signature based on 18 established native immune response and antigen-presenting genes (APM score). The SCLC-Y cell lines are the only subset expressing innate immune response genes. SCLC-CellMiner is a powerfull tool demonstrating the value of cancer cell line genomic and pharmacological databases. Our analyses suggest the potential genomic molecular classifications to select patients for targeted therapies and immunotherapy, such as patients in the SCLC-Y subgroup who may be most responsive to immune checkpoints modulators. Citation Format: Camille Tlemsani, Lorinc Pongor, Fathi Elloumi, Luc Girard, Kenneth Huffman, Nitin Roper, Sudhir Varma, Augustin Luna, Vinodh Rajapakse, Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette, Robin Sebastian, Kurt Kohn, Julia Krushkal, Mirit Aladjem, Beverly Teicher, Paul Meltzer, William Reinhold, John Minna, Anish Thomas, Yves Pommier. SCLC-CellMiner: An extensive cell line genomic and pharmacology resource identifies a subgroup of small cell lung cancers sensitive to targeted therapies and immunotherapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 203.
Aptamer-Conjugated Polydiacetylene Colorimetric Paper Chip for the Detection of Bacillus thuringiensis Spores (2020)

A colorimetric polydiacetylene (PDA) paper strip sensor that can specifically recognize <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (BT) HD-73 spores is described in this work. The target-specific aptamer was combined with PDA, and the aptamer-conjugated PDA vesicles were then coated on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) paper strips by a simple solvent evaporation method. The PDA-aptamer paper strips can be used to detect the target without any pre-treatment. Using the paper strip, the presence of BT spores is directly observable by the naked eye based on the unique blue-to-red color transition of the PDA. Quantitative studies using the paper strip were also carried out by analyzing the color transitions of the PDA. The specificity of this PDA sensor was verified with a high concentration of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and no discernable change was observed. The observable color change in the paper strip occurs in less than 1 h, and the limit of detection is 3 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/mL, much below the level harmful to humans. The PDA-based paper sensor, developed in this work, does not require a separate power or detection device, making the sensor strip highly transportable and suitable for spore analysis anytime and anywhere. Moreover, this paper sensor platform is easily fabricated, can be adapted to other targets, is highly portable, and is highly specific for the detection of BT spores.
Low NO(x) potential of gas turbine engines (1990)

The purpose is to correlate emission levels of gas turbine engines. The predictions of NO(x) emissions are based on a review of the literature of previous low NO(x) combustor programs and analytical chemical kinetic calculations. Concepts included in the literature review consisted of lean-premixed-prevaporized (LPP), rich burn/quick quench/lean burn (RQL), and direct injection. The NO(x) emissions were found to be an exponential function of adiabatic combustion temperature over a wide range of inlet temperatures, pressures and (lean) fuel-air ratios. A simple correlation of NO(x) formation with time was not found. The LPP and direct injection (using gaseous fuels) concepts have the lowest NO(x) emissions of the three concepts. The RQL data has higher values of NO(x) than the LPP concept, probably due to the stoichiometric temperatures and NO(x) production that occur during the quench step. Improvements in the quick quench step could reduce the NO(x) emissions to the LPP levels. The low NO(x) potential of LPP is offset by the operational disadvantages of its narrow stability limits and its susceptibility to autoignition/flashback. The Rich-Burn/Quick-Quench/Lean-Burn (RQL) and the direct injection concepts have the advantage of wider stability limits comparable to conventional combustors.
Baicalein induces apoptosis via ROS-dependent activation of caspases in human bladder cancer 5637 cells (2016)

Baicalein is a flavonoid derived originally from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been used in Oriental medicines for treating various diseases. Although this compound has been reported to have anticancer activities in several human cancer cell lines, the therapeutic effects of baicalein on human bladder cancer and its mechanisms of action have not been extensively studied. This study investigated the proapoptotic effects of baicalein in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. For this study, cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, trypan blue dye exclusion assay 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and flow cytometry. Measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase activity assays and western blots were conducted to determine whether 5637 cell death occurred by apoptosis. Treatment with baicalein resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition coupled with apoptosis induction, as indicated by the results of nuclei morphology examination and flow cytometry analyses. The induction of the apoptotic cell death of 5637 cells by baicalein exhibited a correlation with the downregulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, including cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, and the activation of caspase-9 and -3 accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. The study also showed that baicalein decreases the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax, increases antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and noticeably aggravates the loss of MMP. Concomitantly, the data showed that baicalein increases the levels of death receptors and their associated ligands and enhances the activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid. However, the pan-caspase inhibitor can reverse baicalein-induced apoptosis, demonstrating that it is a caspase-dependent pathway. Moreover, it was found that baicalein can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuates the baicalein effects on the loss of MMP and activation of caspase. In addition, the blocking of ROS generation decreases the apoptotic activity and antiproliferative effect of baicalein, indicating that baicalein induces apoptosis of 5637 cells through the ROS-dependent activation of caspases.
Improved measurement of acoustic output using complex deconvolution of hydrophone sensitivity (2014)

The traditional method for calculating acoustic pressure amplitude is to divide a hydrophone output voltage measurement by the hydrophone sensitivity at the acoustic working frequency, but this approach neglects frequency dependence of hydrophone sensitivity. Another method is to perform a complex deconvolution between the hydrophone output waveform and the hydrophone impulse response (the inverse Fourier transform of the sensitivity). In this paper, the effects of deconvolution on measurements of peak compressional pressure (p+), peak rarefactional pressure (p_), and pulse intensity integral (PII) are studied. Time-delay spectrometry (TDS) was used to measure complex sensitivities from 1 to 40 MHz for 8 hydrophones used in medical ultrasound exposimetry. These included polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) spot-poled membrane, needle, capsule, and fiber-optic designs. Subsequently, the 8 hydrophones were used to measure a 4-cycle, 3 MHz pressure waveform mimicking a pulsed Doppler waveform. Acoustic parameters were measured for the 8 hydrophones using the traditional approach and deconvolution. Average measurements (across all 8 hydrophones) of acoustic parameters from deconvolved waveforms were 4.8 MPa (p+), 2.4 MPa (p_), and 0.21 mJ/cm(2) (PII). Compared with the traditional method, deconvolution reduced the coefficient of variation (ratio of standard deviation to mean across all 8 hydrophones) from 29% to 8% (p+), 39% to 13% (p_), and 58% to 10% (PII).
Bcl-x Gene Expression in Hodgkin's Disease (1996)

Bcl-x is a Bcl-2-family protein that has been previously detected in cortical thymocytes, plasma cells, and activated lymphocytes. We report here on the high detection rate of the Bcl-x protein found in 86% of Hodgkin's disease samples and on the significance regarding its complex role among the Bcl-2-family of proteins: Bcl-x is known to heterodimerize with Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptosis protein) and with Bax, a potent inducer of cell death. Moreover, recent evidences show that Bcl-x may induce multiple drug resistance in vitro, suggesting that chemical or biological interactions with this protein may have potential therapeutic value in Hodgkin's disease.
Application-Aware Power Management (2006)

This paper presents our approach for application-aware power management. We combine continuous monitoring of critical workload indicators, online power and performance model usage and timely p-state control to realize application-aware power management. We present two new power management solutions enabled by our methodology: PerformanceMaximizer (PM) finds the best possible performance under specified power constraints and PowerSave (PS) saves energy while keeping performance above specified requirements. We evaluate both using the SPEC-CPU2000 suite on a Pentium M platform discussing implications of workload characteristics and benefits of being workload-aware
Evolutionary Development for Electrokinetic Dewatering of Phosphate Mine Tailings (2014)

The processing and storage of phosphatic clay suspensions (or mine tailings) which result as a waste product from phosphate mining industry represent an important economic and environmental problem. A very long time is required to allow gravity-driven settling of clay suspensions with an initial 2-3 wt% solids content, and decades may be required to reach 25-30 wt% solids content. The associated impoundments occupy over 100 square miles of land in Florida alone. A combination of experimental and modeling approaches were used to explore the use of imposed electric fields to achieve electrokinetic separation. Batch experiments were used to guide the development of a constitutive relationship describing the changes in solids content with time (t) and applied electric field (E) 1,2 . A linear behavior between final solids content and Et was found in at short times, and the upper limit of separation was controlled by the value of electric field only. Subsequently, a semi-continuous system was designed for continuous removal of supernatant water. This system allowed measurement of supernatant turbidity, pH, and changes in solids content as functions of applied electric field, flow rate, and settling time. Under pseudo-steady-state operation, low-turbidity water was separated from a clay solids suspension by a combination of electrokinetic dewatering and free settling. A semi-continuous system, which introduced a rotating belt between electrodes to facilitate removing clay sludge, was designed and tested. The batch experiment set up was used to optimize fabric selection. This equipment was able to continuously producing thickened clay cake with a solids content of up to 33 wt%. Evaluation of parameters including electrode spacing, electric field, and residence time provided an understanding of the path for optimization. A similiar constitutive relationship as in batch experiment was also estanblished which correlates final solids content to electric field and residence time. All the systems were also evaluated from an econonic perspective. The energy requirement of the semi-continuous operation that facilitated sludge removal had a lower energy requirement value at a given electric field as compared with the result from batch experiments and the previous semi-continuous operation. All systems followed the trend that high electric fields have a high energy requirement. References J.P. McKinney, M.E. Orazem, A constitutive relationship for electrokinetic dewatering of phosphatic clay slurries, Miner. Metall. Process. 28 (2011) 49. J.P. McKinney, M.E. Orazem, Electrokinetic dewatering phosphatic clay settling areas: numerical simulation and economic assessment, Miner. Metall. Process. 28 (2011) 71.
Deregulated microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with Marfan syndrome (2018)

Our data show deregulated gene and miRNA expression profiles in the peripheral blood of MFS patients, demonstrating several candidates for prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular manifestations in MFS as well as targets for novel therapeutic approaches. A deregulation of miRNA expression seems to play an important role in MFS, highlighting the plethora of effects on post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and mRNAs initiated by constitutional mutations in single genes. Trial registration Nr: EA2/131/10 . Registered 28 December, 2010.
A New Mechanism for Excitation of Waves in a Magnetoplasma II. Wave-Particle and Nonlinear Aspects (2011)

We present the results of a series of calculations of particle orbit dynamics in a growing electrostatic ion cyclotron wave driven by an external inhomogeneous transverse electric field. These calculations are intended to exhibit the essential physics underlying the instability mechanism, and to provide insights helpful in the study of energy exchange processes in the nonlinear regime, such as ion heating and processes relevant to the saturation of wave growth.
Kinetics of In Vivo Muscle Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Human Obesity (1990)

The kinetics of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in human obesity have not been previously studied. To examine this, we used the glucose-clamp technique to measure whole-body and leg muscle glucose uptake in seven lean and six obese men during hyperinsulinemia (approximately 2000 pM) at four glucose levels (approximately 4.5, approximately 8.3, approximately 13.5, and approximately 23.5 mM). To measure leg glucose uptake, the femoral artery and vein were catheterized, and blood flow was measured by thermodilution (leg glucose uptake = arteriovenous glucose difference x blood flow). With this approach, we found that rates of whole-body and leg glucose uptake were significantly lower in obese than in lean subjects at each glucose plateau. Leg blood flow rates increased from 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 6.5 +/- 0.8 dl/min over the range of glucose in lean subjects (P less than 0.05) but remained unchanged in obese subjects. The apparent maximal capacity (Vmax), based on whole-body and leg glucose uptake, was reduced in obese compared with lean subjects, but the apparent Km was similar in the lean and obese subjects (6-9 mM, NS). To assess the affinity of muscle for glucose extraction independent of changes in muscle plasma flow, we determined the mean half-maximal effective glucose concentration (EG50) and found it was similar in the lean and obese subjects (6.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.8 mM, NS). We conclude that 1) the kinetics of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in human obesity are characterized by reduced Vmax but normal Km; 2) the EG50 for insulin-mediated glucose extraction in skeletal muscle was 6 mM in both lean and obese subjects, consistent with a Km characteristic of the glucose-transport system; 3) obese subjects were unable to generate increases in blood flow in response to hyperglycemia under hyperinsulinemic conditions, and this contributed significantly to lower rates of leg and whole-body glucose uptake.
2-in-1 total process integration in MERIE etch chamber for Cu dual damascene applications (2002)

Advanced Cu-low K dual damascene becomes one of the most promising interconnection technologies for the new generation device back-end process. The keys for production-worthy solution lies in the integration of post main etch resist strip and nitride removal step without having process drift and particle generation. In this paper, we present a complete process integration to combine resist strip, chamber clean, nitride etch and ensure no residue left on the trenches and vias. Baseline performance, 1700 wafer cycling test, process window, mix-run and mix-mode test results will be discussed. The entire integration is being tested at customer site.