gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Structure and Activity of Bimetallic Catalysts for the Dechlorination of Chlorocarbons (2002)

There is increasing demand for technologies that can transform wastes, such as the chlorocarbon byproducts of many industrial reactions, into useful process intermediates or commercial products. While the conversion of chlorocarbons into paraffins is technologically feasible and has been widely studied, there are significant economic incentives to produce olefins. Bimetallic catalysts, in which the metal type and concentration can be used to "tune" catalytic performance, offer considerable promise in this area.The catalytic performance of PtCu/C with Cu/Pt atomic ratios from 0 and 18 and 0.5 percent weight loading Pt in the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane dechlorination at 200°C and atmospheric pressure was investigated to understand the molecular phenomena governing the change in ethylene selectivity with time on stream (TOS). Chapter 3 examines this transient period by varying catalytic pretreatment. It was theorized that alloy formation, not present after standard pretreatment, results in the formation of ethylene at long TOS.To better understand the molecular phenomena at work in the industrially relevant, carbon-supported catalysts, experiments were undertaken using more homogeneous, silica-supported catalysts. In Chapter 4, a catalytic performance study of a series of these catalysts was undertaken in the dechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane and complimented by kinetic studies including examination of ethylene hydrogenation and the pulse kinetic behavior of the catalysts in dechlorination as well as a study of chemisorbed CO by FTIR. Large Pt ensembles were found to be present only in catalysts which were ethane selective.Although a significant improvement over carbon-supported systems, silica-supported catalysts with weight loadings of 0.5 percent Pt proved to be too highly dispersed to allow many techniques to be used. To alleviate this concern, a series of catalysts was synthesized with 3.0 weight percent Pt, but these catalysts proved to be highly sensitive to exposure to atmospheric moisture. In Chapter 5, the interactions of these catalysts with water are characterized by examining kinetic performance before and after exposure to water, comparing several types of precursors, and conducting temperature programmed reduction, transmission electron microscopy, and raman spectroscopy. The effect of water was attributed to alleviation of the chromatographic separation of metals which was an artifact of the impregnation procedure.In Chapter 6, the effect of CO on the catalytic performance of the higher weight loading catalysts was studied. Carbon monoxide was found to split large Pt ensembles in much the same manner as alloy with Cu leading to ethylene selectivity in bimetallic catalysts which would otherwise be selective to ethane.
Formation of radicals and catalytic activity of zeolites of the pentasil type in conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbons. III. Reactions of oligomerization and aromatization of olefins, and processes of formation of carbonaceous deposits (1986)

A study has been made of the activity of pentasils in reactions of oligomerization and aromatization of olefins, which take place (respectively) on the outer surface and within the channels of the pentasil. ESR has been used in a comparative study of the formation of carbonaceous deposits on pentasils and mordenite. It has been shown that the nature of ''coke'' that is formed is basically different for these two zeolites. In the case of the pentasil, condensation products are formed, localized on the outer surface of the zeolite; when these are subjected to thermooxidative treatment, they are readily converted to highly graphitized ''coke.'' In contrast to the pentasil, the aromatic compounds that are formed on H mordenite by conversions of olefins are strongly chemisorbed within the channels, preventing the occurrence of further catalytic conversions. It is suggested that along with the geometric factor, the density of active centers in the zeolite channel plays an important role in the processes of forming the condensation products.
Rigel (2009)

This paper considers Rigel, a programmable accelerator architecture for a broad class of data- and task-parallel computation. Rigel comprises 1000+ hierarchically-organized cores that use a fine-grained, dynamically scheduled single-program, multiple-data (SPMD) execution model. Rigel's low-level programming interface adopts a single global address space model where parallel work is expressed in a task-centric, bulk-synchronized manner using minimal hardware support. Compared to existing accelerators, which contain domain-specific hardware, specialized memories, and/or restrictive programming models, Rigel is more flexible and provides a straightforward target for a broader set of applications.
Visual analytics for concept exploration in subspaces of patient groups (2016)

Medical doctors and researchers in bio-medicine are increasingly confronted with complex patient data, posing new and difficult analysis challenges. These data are often comprising high-dimensional descriptions of patient conditions and measurements on the success of certain therapies. An important analysis question in such data is to compare and correlate patient conditions and therapy results along with combinations of dimensions. As the number of dimensions is often very large, one needs to map them to a smaller number of relevant dimensions to be more amenable for expert analysis. This is because irrelevant, redundant, and conflicting dimensions can negatively affect effectiveness and efficiency of the analytic process (the so-called curse of dimensionality). However, the possible mappings from high- to low-dimensional spaces are ambiguous. For example, the similarity between patients may change by considering different combinations of relevant dimensions (subspaces). We demonstrate the potential of subspace analysis for the interpretation of high-dimensional medical data. Specifically, we present SubVIS, an interactive tool to visually explore subspace clusters from different perspectives, introduce a novel analysis workflow, and discuss future directions for high-dimensional (medical) data analysis and its visual exploration. We apply the presented workflow to a real-world dataset from the medical domain and show its usefulness with a domain expert evaluation.
Use of cytometry technology for the study of stem cell biology (2009)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are best-studied stem cells and they have contributed a great deal for the development of stem cell biology. HSCs reside in a bone marrow niche in a non-dividing state from which they occasionally are aroused to undergo cell division. Using highly purified HSCs by flow cytometry, we have recently shown that cytokine treatment of HSCs led to polarization of the lipid raft marker GM1 ganglioside as well as to phosphorylation of Akt and relocation of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm. Lipid raft clustering induced by cytokines is essential for HSC re-entry into the cell cycle. Furthermore, based on a hypothesis that signals from the niche inhibit LRC and induce hibernation in HSCs, we screened candidate niche signals for inhibition of LRC. Among niche signals examined, transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) efficiently inhibits LRC and induces p57 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Kip2</sup> expression, leading to HSC hibernation ex vivo. These data establish the role of TGF-ß as a niche signal in control of HSC hibernation and provide important clues to identify stem cell niche in bone marrow.
Neuroinflammation and neurological alterations in chronic liver diseases (2015)

OAE Publishing Inc. is an international scholarly publisher specializing in peer-reviewed academic journals. To promote academic exchange and knowledge sharing, OAE provides an outstanding academic platform for biomedical experts and scholars all over the world.
Deconstructing NLG Evaluation: Evaluation Practices, Assumptions, and Their Implications (2022)

Kaitlyn Zhou, Su Lin Blodgett, Adam Trischler, Hal Daumé III, Kaheer Suleman, Alexandra Olteanu. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
Table S3 from Chemogenomic Landscape of <i>RUNX1</i>-mutated AML Reveals Importance of <i>RUNX1</i> Allele Dosage in Genetics and Glucocorticoid Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional mutations in RUNX1mut specimens. VAF: variant allele frequency, ITD: internal tandem duplication, PTD: partial tandem duplication.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diarylureas via Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2011)

Abstract The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of benzylurea with various aryl chlorides, followed by the hydrogenolysis leads to monoarylurea derivatives.
<title>Giant optical nonlinearities of fractal colloid aggregates</title> (1997)

Strong fluctuations oflocal fields may result in huge enhancements ofoptical nonlinearities in metal fractal colloid aggregates. Giant enhancement ofthird order nonlinearities was calculated and obtained experimentally. The real and imaginary parts of the cubic susceptibility of silver colloid aggregates were measured. It was found that the coefficient of nonlinear absorption depends on laser wavelength and intensity strongly. An optical limiting in silver colloid was observed.
Engineering-didaktik, læremidler og efteruddannelse (2018)

Læremidler, engineering-didaktik og et efteruddannelseskoncept er udviklet i samarbejde mellem lærere, didaktikere, læremiddeludviklere og kommunale konsulenter i den indledende fase af projekt 'Engineering i Skolen'. Lærere, didaktikere og læremiddeludviklere arbejder tæt sammen for at øge kvaliteten af slutproduktet. Du bliver præsenteret for eksempler på erfaringerne fra denne proces.
Status of Flavonols as P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in Cancer Chemotherapy (2009)

Cancer treatment by drugs is seriously limited by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) associated multi-drug resistance (MDR) in various tumor cells. It is now widely recognized that P-gp influences drug transport across various biological membranes. P-gp transporter is widely present in various body tissues affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Clinical significance of above mentioned carrier is appreciated from the fact that more than fifty percent of existing anti-cancer drugs undergo inhibitable and saturable P-gp mediated efflux. Consequently, there is an increasing trend to optimize pharmacokinetics, enhance antitumour activity and reduce systemic toxicity of existing anticancer drugs by inhibiting P-gp mediated transport. Although a wide variety of P-gp inhibitors have been discovered, research efforts are underway to identify the most appropriate one. Flavanoids belong to the third generation, nonpharmaceutical category of P-gp inhibitors. Among different classes of flavonoids, flavonols are the most explored P-gp inhibitors by several research groups. This could possibly be because of the fact that the effects produced by these are found to be comparable to those of well-known potent P-gp inhibitors verapamil and cyclosporine. Identification of effective P-gp modulator among herbal compounds have an added advantage of being safe, thereby making them ideal candidates for bioavailability enhancement, tissue-penetration (e.g. blood brain barrier), decreasing biliary excretion and multidrug resistance modulating agents. The dual effects, i.e. P-gp modulation and antitumor activity, of these herbal derivatives may synergistically act in cancer chemotherapy. This paper presents an overview of the investigations on the feasibility and application of flavonols as P-gp modulators for improved efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. The review also focuses on flavonol-drug interactions as well as the reversal activity of flavonols useful against MDR. Keywords: P-glycoprotein, flavonoids, flavonols, multi-drug resistance, chemotherapy, pharmacokinetics
Preozonation of bromide-bearing source water in south China (2006)

The effectiveness of preozonation was evaluated on treating a bromide-bearing dam source water in south China through batch-scale experiments. Preozonation at ozone doses of 0.5-1.0 mg/L (at ozone consumption base) enhanced total organic carbon (TOC) removal through coagulation, and resulted in an almost linear reduction of ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254). The removals of TOC (after coagulation) and UV254, at the ozone dose of 1.0 mg/L were 36% and 70%, respectively. Preozonation at an ozone dose between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L resulted in the removal of disinfection byproducts formation potential (DBFP) including trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) for about 50%. The removals of THMFP and HAAFP decreased with the further increase of ozone dose. Ozonation of bromide-bearing water (bromide concentration, 34 mu g/L) produced a bromate concentration under the detection limit(2 mu g/L) at ozone doses &lt; 1.5 mg/L. However, bromate &gt; 10 mu g/L could be produced when the bromide concentration was increased to 96 mu g/L.
Optimizing the Interdomain Spacing in Alicyclic Polythiourea toward High‐Energy‐Storable Dielectric Material (2020)

Organic dielectric materials have been widely developed and investigated for energy storage capacitors. However, challenges remain in terms of the relatively low dielectric constant and energy density. Enhancing the dipolar polarization to increase the dielectric constant is considered to be an effective way to improve the energy density of polymer dielectrics. Herein, enlightened by the chain-packing structure that affects the dipolar relaxation behavior, a simple and low-cost approach is proposed to tailor the interdomain spacing in an alicyclic polythiourea (PTU) by changing quenching temperatures and further facilitate the dipolar polarization. It is found that the large interdomain spacing is beneficial to promote the localized motion of segmental chains in amorphous regions, but at the same time inevitably reduces the dipole density. Therefore, in order to achieve the highest dielectric constant in the PTU, there is an optimal value for the interdomain spacing. It is worth noting that the dielectric constant of PTU increases from 5.7 to 10, and thus the energy density increases by 53% to 16.3 J cm<sup>-3</sup> . It proposes a simple and feasible strategy to further improve the energy density through optimizing the interdomain spacing toward high-energy-storable dielectric material.
Heat Diffusion Based Detection Of Colonic Polyps In Ct Colonography (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
The Effect of Jet Parameters on Jet Injection (2006)

Current jet injection devices often utilize compressed air or springs to create a high-pressure fluid jet capable of piercing the skin. However, these devices are limited to a single invariable injection profile based on the impulse created by the compressed air or spring and therefore the parameters that affect injection are not well understood. To determine the effect of injection parameters on jet injection into tissue, including the effect of the fluid ejection profile on the injection, a controllable jet injection device was used to perform experiments into sheep and pig tissue. This paper demonstrates the importance of an initial peak in injection pressure and a subsequent lower follow-through pressure for successful jet injection into sheep and pig tissue
Isolator-free 840-nm broadband SLEDs for high-resolution OCT (2009)

We have developed ultra-broadband Super-Luminescent Emitting Diodes (SLEDs) at 840 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 45-75 nm. The SLEDs show high robustness against back-reflections of up to 50% with little change in coherence length, sidelobe suppression ratio and secondary peak suppression over a wide range of back-reflections. First long-term measurements do not show any signs of device degradation. Hence, these SLEDs can be employed in OCT systems without costly broadband optical isolators.
Biotechnology – A Tool to Transform Givaudan’s Fragrance Ingredients Palette (2023)

To support perfumers in their creation of olfactive signatures resulting in unique and instantly recognizable perfumes, there is a constant demand for the development of new odorant molecules and of novel processes for their production. Increasing the sustainability of both the molecules and the processes is a crucial activity at Givaudan. Biocatalysis has the potential to positively influence metrics applied at Givaudan that drive and measure our ambition to innovate responsibly, which is summarized in the FiveCarbon Path™. It targets an increased use of renewable carbon, carbon efficiency in synthesis, and the production of powerful and biodegradable odorant molecules while maximizing the use of upcycled carbon available from waste and side streams. This review illustrates with some examples how enzymes selected from the oxidoreductase and isomerase enzyme classes are applied at Givaudan for the preparation of odorant molecules both at laboratory and industrial scale.
A permethylcyclopentadienyl carbollide scandium complex, Sc_2Si_4O_3C_(50)B_(18)Li_2H_(114) (1992)

Tris(tetrahydrofuran)lithium lithium bis[3-bis
(trimethylsilyl)methyl-3-(η^5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-1,2-dicarba-3-scanda-closo-dodecaborate- (l-)], [Li(C_4H_80)_3].Li[Sc(C_2B_9H_(11))(C_(10)H_(15))CH {Si(
CH_3)_3)]_2]_2, M_r = 1174.16, triclinic, Pl, ɑ = 8.924 (4),
b = 18.467 (5), c = 22.165 (3)A, ɑ = 91.42 (2), β = 92.36 (2), y = 92.21 (3)o, v = 3645.6 (18) A^3, Z = 2, D_x = 1.07 g cm^(-3), λ(Mo Kɑ)= 0.71073 A, μ = 2.84 cm^(-1), F(000) = 1264, room temperature, 294 K, R = 0.064 for 3069 reflections. Each Sc atom is bonded to one Cp^* in an 175 fashion, to one carbollide ligand in an η^5 fashion (completing a distorted icosahedron), and to one -CH(SiMe_3)_2 group in the cleft; the angle at Sc subtended by the centers of the two η^5 groups is 137.8°. Two of these complexes share an Li atom which is loosely bonded to three B atoms of each carbollide, creating a dimeric monoanion. The counterion, a second Li atom, is coordinated
to three tetrahydrofuran molecules.
The ability of macromonomers to copolymerize: A critical review with new developments (1989)

Abstract The first part of this article critically examines the various studies dealing with the ability of macromonomers to copolymerize. The conclusions drawn from these investigations, concerning the influence of the molecular weight of the macromonomer on its reactivity, are contradictory. Owing to the systems selected, other parameters are also involved in the reactivity of macromonomers that make it difficult to settle the controversy. In the second part, our own results on the reactivity of macromonomers are reported. The system chosen exhibits the advantage to remove all the complicating features connected with the incompatibility between polymers. It results that the side group associated with the unsaturation plays the major role in decreasing the reactivity of the macromonomer which is shown in addition to be independent of the macromonomer chain length. The criteria allowing to predict, for a given system, the macromonomer behaviour in a copolymerization process are also given.
Efficiency enhancement of GaN power HEMTs by controlling gate-source voltage waveform shape (2009)

This paper presents a technique to improve the power added efficiency (PAE) of GaN power amplifiers by an appropriate shaping of the gate source voltage waveform. The proposed technique is based on second harmonic injection at the transistor input. It is applied here to a 15W GaN HEMT die from Cree that has been characterized using an harmonic load pull test bench at L-band. The work reported here focuses on experimental gate-source voltage waveform shaping and its impact on PAE performances. An original aspect concerns calibrated time domain waveform measurements and shaping that are performed and investigated simultaneously at both input and output ports of the transistor under test close to intrinsic accesses. Measurement results performed at 2GHz validate optimized operating conditions derived from theoretical analysis and circuit simulations. For a fixed input bias voltage (close to pinch off voltage in our case), significant efficiency improvements are obtained when the positive half wave of the gate-source voltage is sharpened. Best and worst cases are examined respectively and show 25 point PAE difference at saturated power.
Regulatory role of IFN-gamma on alveolar macrophage function during influenza infection (43.9) (2009)

Abstract Secondary bacterial infection often follows pulmonary virus infection. We previously reported that pulmonary IFN-γ produced during influenza infection in mice inhibits initial bacterial clearance by alveolar macrophages. As a result, there was a 100-fold increase in bacterial burden in viral-infected WT mice 48 hr after pneumococcal challenge compared to IFN-γ-/- mice. Although IFN-γ production by CD4 or CD8 T cells alone was sufficient to inhibit bacterial clearance, TCR transgenic OT-I and OT-II mice had no detectable IFN-γ following influenza infection. Thus, virus-specific T cells are responsible for significant IFN-γ production. We found that the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ was correlated with down regulation of the class A scavenger receptor MARCO. Indeed, prior influenza infection had no effect on initial bacterial clearance in MARCO-/- mice. Inhibition of MARCO expression following influenza infection could be prevented by IFN-γ neutralization. Preliminary data suggest that IFN-γ inhibits MARCO expression by signaling through STAT1 and there is significant induction of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in alveolar macrophages during influenza infection. Ongoing work is designed to determine whether influenza-induced IFN-γ facilitates activation of a SOCS negative-feedback loop in alveolar macrophages, thereby suppressing innate protection against extracellular bacteria. (NIH grant #AI41715)
Electrical Percolation during Codeposition of Fe and Si Clusters by a Dual Source PGCCD System (2008)

Random assemblies of Fe and Si clusters have been prepared using a dual source plasma gas condensation cluster deposition system and their conductivities were measured for various compositional ratios. The size distributions of Fe and Si clusters are obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and the volume fraction of Fe clusters, fFe, is estimated from the chemical analysis and packing fraction of cluster assemblies. Electrical conductivity, σ, of Fe and Si cluster assemblies obeys a power law of fFe. The dramatic change at around fFe=fc, indicates that the percolation of Fe clusters takes place at the threshold value, fc=0.16. It is consistent with the Links-Nodes-Blobs model calculated for a three dimensional percolation network.
Extracting Biomolecular Interactions Using Semantic Parsing of Biomedical Text (2015)

We advance the state of the art in biomolecular interaction extraction with three contributions: (i) We show that deep, Abstract Meaning Representations (AMR) significantly improve the accuracy of a biomolecular interaction extraction system when compared to a baseline that relies solely on surface- and syntax-based features; (ii) In contrast with previous approaches that infer relations on a sentence-by-sentence basis, we expand our framework to enable consistent predictions over sets of sentences (documents); (iii) We further modify and expand a graph kernel learning framework to enable concurrent exploitation of automatically induced AMR (semantic) and dependency structure (syntactic) representations. Our experiments show that our approach yields interaction extraction systems that are more robust in environments where there is a significant mismatch between training and test conditions.