gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eye Detection Method Using Particle Filter and Gradient Directional Features for Eye Input Device (2011)

Abstract In this paper, we propose an eye detection method that is adaptive to facial poses, using a particle filter and gradient directional features. To estimate the boundary between the iris and sclera or eyelid, the gradient intensities are calculated by four directional Prewitt filters in four regions. The likelihood used in the particle filter is obtained by averaging the gradient intensities for the specific direction in the four regions and the upper eyelid area. Moreover, incorrect detection is avoided by using the roll angle of the face and the eye distance, derived from the positional information of both eyes. From experimental results, the average detection rates of both eyes for roll, yaw, and pitch angles of the face is more than 90 % by using rejection function for incorrect eye detection. In addition, the rejection function provides the 2.7 %, 4.4 %, and 5.0 %increment in average detection rates of both eyes for roll, yaw and pitch facial angles, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed eye detection method is robust to facial pose changes.
Beitrag zur Elektronenresonanz freier organischer Radikale (1961)

Abstract Die quantitative Auswertung eines Elektronenresonanzsignals zur Bestimmung der Radikalkonzentration wird beschrieben. Als Anwendung dieser Methode wird die Dissoziationsenergie des in benzolischer Lösung teilweise dimer vorliegenden 4‐Methylmercapto‐2,6‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyls zu Δ W = 9,85 Kcal bestimmt.—Die Hyperfeinstruktur der paramagnetischen Resonanz einer Reihe von Phenoxylen wird beschrieben und in Abhängigkeit von den Parasubstituenten diskutiert.
Art of constructing low-complexity encoders/decoders for constrained block codes (2001)

A rate p : q block encoder is a dataword-to-codeword assignment from 2/sup p/ p-bit datawords to 2/sup p/ q-bit codewords, and the corresponding block decoder is the inverse of the encoder. When designing block encoders/decoders for constrained systems, often, more than 2/sup p/ codewords are available. In this paper, as our main contribution, we propose efficient heuristic computer algorithms to eliminate the excess codewords and to construct low hardware complexity block encoders/decoders. For (0,4/4) and (0,3/6) PRML constraints, block encoders/decoders generated using the proposed algorithms are comparable in complexity to human-generated encoders/decoders, but are significantly simpler than lexicographical encoders/decoders.
Fabrication of vertical aligned ZnO nanorods on AZO thin film for photovoltaic applications (2014)

AZO thin films were deposited by RF sputtering. ZnO nanorods were grown up on AZO films by using a self-catalyst assisted chemical bath deposition method. The structural, electrical and optical properties were analyzed by the XRD, SEM, PL and spectrophotometer. ZnO nanorods showed a good crystallinity and vertical orientation.
The EGFR family members sustain the neoplastic phenotype of ALK+ lung adenocarcinoma via EGR1 (2013)

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) stand out among causal dominant oncogenes, and the ablation of RTK signaling has emerged as a novel tailored therapeutic strategy. Nonetheless, long-term RTK inhibition leads invariably to acquired resistance, tumor recurrence and metastatic dissemination. In ALK+ cell lines, inhibition of ALK signaling was associated with coactivation of several RTKs, whose pharmacological suppression reverted the partial resistance to ALK blockade. Remarkably, ERBB2 signaling synergized with ALK and contributed to the neoplastic phenotype. Moreover, the engagement of wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor or MET receptors could sustain cell viability through early growth response 1 (EGR1) and/or Erk1/2; Akt activation and EGR1 overexpression prevented cell death induced by combined ALK/RTK inhibition. Membrane expression of ERBB2 in a subset of primary naive ALK+ NSCLC could be relevant in the clinical arena. Our data demonstrate that the neoplastic phenotype of ALK-driven NSCLC relays 'ab initio' on the concomitant activation of multiple RTK signals via autocrine/paracrine regulatory loops. These findings suggest that molecular and functional signatures are required in de novo lung cancer patients for the design of efficacious and multi-targeted 'patient-specific' therapies.
Theme and Variations on Tantalum‐Carbonate Reactions in Molten Fluorides (1989)

The processes leading to electrodeposited tantalum carbide coatings have been examined by chemical, electrochemical, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques. The reagents, fluorotantalate and carbonate , react in the fluoride solvent to evolve , but this reaction does not go to completion. The remaining carbonate is reduced to form carbide. The reduction chemistry of Ta(V) and its dependence on the ratio are explored using voltammetry and XPS.
Measurement of ion mobility in transformer oils for HVDC applications (2012)

Conduction process in dielectric liquids usually occurs due to ion migration and is therefore characterized by concentration and mobility of the ionic charge carriers. For this reason accurately determining these parameters and especially ion mobility in insulating oils for HVDC applications needs to be done precisely. In this report various methods for determining ion mobility are described, including single polarity, reversal polarity methods in time domain as well as frequency domain based measurement of dielectric response. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are presented and illustrated with the results of measurements on various oils using two different test cells. The dependence of ion mobility on measuring voltage level and temperature are analyzed and compared.
Design and modeling of on-chip monolithic transformers with patterned ground shield (2006)

We present a broadband, compact and scalable equivalent circuit model for on-chip transformers with patterned ground shield fabricated in silicon IC technology. The model is driven from the layout and process technology specifications. It is suitable for design optimization and circuit simulation. Verification with measurement data from SiGe process demonstrates performance prediction and excellent scalability of the model.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Biochemical Assays for the Discovery of TDP1 Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 119K, Schematic representation of the AlphaScreen 3'-phospho-tyrosine DNA substrate used in the TDP1 qHTS assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Startup and commissioning procedures for electronically line-shafted paper machine drives (2002)

Electronic line-shafting control has demonstrated very promising features when applied to paper machine drives. To apply this new control methodology, it is necessary to develop a starting procedure for each individual section and a method for setting the parameters of the virtual line-shaft drive and in-shafts. This paper proposes and evaluates startup and commissioning procedures for electronically line-shafted paper machine drives. The procedure for acceleration of the individual sections is implemented using virtual variable-ratio gearboxes that emulate the physical clutches and conical pulleys used in the era of line-shafts. System stiffness is implemented using virtual in-shafts with active damping. Evaluation shows that the proposed virtual clutch/conical pulley assembly and active damping allow smooth acceleration of each section and maintain well-behaved response during load disturbances for all operating conditions, even with different numbers of sections effectively connected.
Nanocrystalline and mesostructured Y2O3 as supports for gold catalysts (2004)

The structure of yttrium oxide influences the CO oxidation activity of Au/Y2(O3) catalysts; nanocrystalline Y2(O3) stabilizes more active species of gold and increases the activity of the gold catalyst in comparison with mesostructured and precipitated Y2(O3).
Time-resolved monitoring of ZnO plume by ArF laser ablation: influence of surrounding gas (2003)

We have investigated dynamics of ablated species in ZnO plume under ArF excimer laser irradiation with emission imaging and spectroscopy, and discussed the effect of a surrounding inert gas. Surrounding He or Ar gas strongly cools down the plume and encourages aggregation of ablated species, which is visualized by second laser irradiation to the plume.
Transparent grid enablement of weather research and forecasting (2008)

The impact of hurricanes is so devastating throughout different levels of society that there is a pressing need to provide a range of users with accurate and timely information that can enable effective planning for and response to potential hurricane landfalls. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) code is the latest numerical model that has been adopted by meteorological services worldwide. The current version of WRF has not been designed to scale out of a single organization's local computing resources. However, the high resource requirements of WRF for fine-resolution and ensemble forecasting demand a large number of computing nodes, which typically cannot be found within one organization. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the Grid-enablement of the WRF code such that it can utilize resources available in partner organizations. In this paper, we present our research on Grid enablement of WRF by leveraging our work in transparent shaping, GRID superscalar, profiling, code inspection, code modeling, meta-scheduling, and job flow management.
A semiconductor GMR device [InAlAs-InAs] (2002)

Reports on a narrow-gap semiconductor interband-tunneling device whose magnetoresistance varies more than five orders of magnitude at 2K. The operational principle of the novel GMR device is based upon the magnetic field modulation of the tunnel barrier thickness thereby changing the tunnel resistance of the new version of "Esaki diode" characteristics. The depletion layer thickness, i.e., tunnel barrier thickness, is determined by the difference between the bottom of the Landau level and the Fermi level of the collector (p-InAs).
Controller Synthesis of Wind Turbine Generator and Energy Storage System with Stochastic Wind Variations under Temporal Logic Specifications (2019)

In this paper, we present a controller synthesis approach for wind turbine generators (WTG) and energy storage systems with metric temporal logic (MTL) specifications, with provable probabilistic guarantees in the stochastic environment of wind power generation. The MTL specifications are requirements for the grid frequency deviations, WTG rotor speed variations and the power flow constraints at different lines. We present the stochastic control bisimulation function, which bounds the divergence of the trajectories of a switched stochastic control system and the switched nominal control system in a probabilistic fashion.We first design a feedforward controller by solving an optimization problem for the nominal trajectory of the deterministic control system with robustness against initial state variations and stochastic uncertainties. Then we generate a feedback control law from the data of the simulated trajectories. We implement our control method on both a four-bus system and a nine-bus system, and test the effectiveness of the method with a generation loss disturbance. We also test the advantage of the feedback controller over the feedforward controller when unexpected disturbance occurs.
ZnuD, a Potential Candidate for a Simple and Universal Neisseria meningitidis Vaccine (2013)

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) is a major cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis, with the highest disease burden in young children. Available vaccines are based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) obtained from wild-type strains. However, particularly in toddlers and infants, they confer protection mostly against strains expressing the homologous protein PorA, a major and variable outer membrane protein. In the quest for alternative vaccine antigens able to provide broad MenB strain coverage in younger populations, but potentially also across all age groups, ZnuD, a protein expressed under zinc-limiting conditions, may be considered a promising candidate. Here, we have investigated the potential value of ZnuD and show that it is a conserved antigen expressed by all MenB strains tested except for some strains of clonal complex ST-8. In mice and guinea pigs immunized with ZnuD-expressing OMVs, antibodies were elicited that were able to trigger complement-mediated killing of all the MenB strains and serogroup A, C, and Y strains tested when grown under conditions of zinc limitation. ZnuD is also expressed during infection, since anti-ZnuD antibodies were detected in sera from patients. In conclusion, we confirm the potential of ZnuD-bearing OMVs as a component of an effective MenB vaccine.
Convergent Covalent Organic Framework Thin Sheets as Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes (2018)

Flexible supercapacitors in modern electronic equipment require light-weight electrodes, which have a high surface area, precisely integrated redox moieties, and mechanically strong flexible free-standing nature. However, the incorporation of the aforementioned properties into a single electrode remains a great task. Herein, we could overcome these challenges by a facile and scalable synthesis of the convergent covalent organic framework (COF) free-standing flexible thin sheets through solid-state molecular baking strategy. Here, redox-active anthraquinone (Dq) and π-electron-rich anthracene (Da) are judiciously selected as two different linkers in a β-ketoenamine-linked two-dimensional (2D) COF. As a result of precisely integrated anthraquinone moieties, COF thin sheet exhibits redox activity. Meanwhile, π-electron-rich anthracene linker assists to improve the mechanical property of the free-standing thin sheet through the enhancement of noncovalent interaction between crystallites. This binder-free strategy offers the togetherness of crystallinity and flexibility in 2D COF thin sheets. Also, the synthesized porous crystalline convergent COF thin sheets are benefited with crack-free uniform surface and light-weight nature. Further, to demonstrate the practical utility of the material as an electrode in energy-storage systems, we fabricated a solid-state symmetrical flexible COF supercapacitor device using a GRAFOIL peeled carbon tape as the current collector.
Load dependent microstructural evolution in an as-cast 26% Cr high chromium cast iron during unlubricated sliding (2021)

Abstract In the current study, an as-cast 26% Cr high chromium cast iron (HCCI) alloy was subjected to dry-sliding linear wear tests, under different loads. The loads were selected based on analytically computing the critical load ( P C ) i.e., the load necessary to induce plastic deformation. The P C was calculated to be 15 N and accordingly, a sub-critical load (5 N) and an over-critical load (20 N) were chosen. The influence of increasing the load during the wear test was investigated in terms of the matrix microstructural behaviour and its ability to support the surrounding carbides. The morphological aspects of the wear tracks, and the deformed matrix microstructure adjacent and underneath the track was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. No evidence of plastic deformation of the matrix was observed below P C . On the contrary, at loads equal to and higher than P C , the austenitic matrix plastically deformed as evidenced by the presence of slip bands. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements in terms of grain reference orientation deviation, and micro-Vickers hardness of the austenitic matrix indicated a deformation depth of about 40 µm at the maximum applied load of 20 N. The active wear mechanisms during sliding were a combination of both adhesive and abrasive wear, although increasing the load shifted the dominant mechanism towards abrasion. This was primarily attributable to the increased propensity for carbide cracking and fracturing, combined with the inability of the hardened austenitic matrix surface and sub-surface to adequately support the broken carbide fragments. Moreover, the shift in the dominant wear mechanism was also reflected in the wear volume and subsequently, the wear rate.
Mutations causing aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU): A lysosomal accumulation disease (1992)

This article provides a review of the mutations reported so far in the lysosomal storage disease aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU). The clinical symptoms, biochemical findings, and diagnostic possibilities of the disease are introduced. The prevalence and biological consequences of the found mutations are then described, as well as the availability of a new rapid DNA test suitable for carrier screening. This test will be especially applicable in the genetically isolated Finnish population, where the carrier frequency of AGU was found to be as high as 1:36. Finally, future prospects dealing with the foreseeable therapeutic interventions of the disease are discussed.
Epigenetics and Genetics in Endometrial Cancer: New Carcinogenic Mechanisms and Relationship with Clinical Practice (2012)

Endometrial cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide among females. An increased incidence and a younger age of patients are also predicted to occur, and therefore elucidation of the pathological mechanisms is important. However, several aspects of the mechanism of carcinogenesis in the endometrium remain unclear. Associations with genetic mutations of cancer-related genes have been shown, but these do not provide a complete explanation. Therefore, epigenetic mechanisms have been examined. Silencing of genes by DNA hypermethylation, hereditary epimutation of DNA mismatch repair genes and regulation of gene expression by miRNAs may underlie carcinogenesis in endometrial cancer. New therapies include targeting epigenetic changes using histone deacetylase inhibitors. Some cases of endometrial cancer may also be hereditary. Thus, patients with Lynch syndrome which is a hereditary disease, have a higher risk for developing endometrial cancer than the general population. Identification of such disease-related genes may contribute to early detection and prevention of endometrial cancer.
Study of Phonon Dispersion in Silicon and Germanium at Long Wavelengths Using Picosecond Ultrasonics (2000)

We have studied the dispersion of long wavelength longitudinal phonons in silicon and germanium using ultrasonic techniques. For long wavelengths, the acoustic phonon dispersion relation is of the form omega(k) approximately ck-gammak(3), where c is the speed of sound and gamma measures the lowest-order phonon dispersion. By sending an ultrasonic pulse of length a few hundred angstroms into a crystal and measuring the change of the pulse shape with propagation distance, we are able to determine the parameter gamma. The results are compared with lattice dynamics models.
T‐Cell Receptor Repertoire in Human Germinal Centres (2001)

A search for an antigen-driven expansion of T lymphocytes in the inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been going on for decades. We here analyzed the human germinal centre T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta gene usage with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with sequence analysis, to address the question of clonality in tonsils and synovial tissue from RA patients. Our data show a large degree of TCR heterogeneity in both these histological structures. Furthermore, clonally related T cells were found within different closely located germinal centres indicating either an active T-cell migration between germinal centres (GC) or that a T-cell clone may seed more than one GC.
Augmented environments for minimally invasive therapy: implementation barriers from technology to practice. (2012)

Augmented environments for medical applications have been explored and developed in an effort to enhance the clinician's view of anatomy and facilitate the performance of minimally invasive procedures. These environments must faithfully represent the real surgical field and require seamless integration of pre- and intra-operative imaging, surgical instrument tracking and display technology into a common framework centered around the patient. However, few image guidance environments have been successfully translated into clinical use. Several challenges that contribute to the slow progress of integrating such environments into clinical practice are discussed here in terms of both technical and clinical limitations.
Selective‐area growth and fabrication of recessed‐gate GaN MESFET using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2006)

Abstract For the first time, selective‐area growth (SAG) technique has been developed using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE), enabling fabrication of a recessed‐gate structure for the metal‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MESFET) without etching. On patterned SiO 2 samples, polycrystalline GaN and single crystal n + ‐GaN were observed to grow in the masked and unmasked regions, respectively. The regrown layers were analyzed using AFM. Ohmic contact formed on the n + ‐GaN exhibited a vastly improved contact resistivity of 1.8 × 10 –8 Ω cm 2 , giving rise to excellent device characteristics including a peak drain current of 360 mA/mm and a maximum transconductance of 46 mS/mm. The advantages of SAG were further investigated by comparing the dc characteristics of recessed‐gate and unrecessed MESFET. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electromechanical Properties of P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT and P(VDF-TrFE)/Gr Composites (2012)

Electromechanical properties of poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE))/carbon nanotube (CNT), P(VDF-TrFE)/graphene (Gr) composites were investigated. The P(VDF-TrFE) composites with conductive fillers had the enhanced electromechanical strain response, which was affected by filler concentration but also by filler type. The strain was increased with the filler concentration. P(VDF-TrFE))/Gr composites had the higher strain response than the P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composites at the same filler concentration level.
An Iterative Approach for Inter-Group Interference Management in Two-Stage Precoder Design (2018)

We consider a single cell downlink (DL) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) set up with user clustering based on statistical information. The problem is to design a fully digital two stage beamforming consisting of slow varying channel statistics based outer beamformer (OBF) and an inner beamformer (IBF) accounting for fast channel variations aiming to reduce the complexity involved in the conventional MIMO processing. Two different methods are considered to design the OBF matrix, so as to reduce the size of the effective channel used for IBF design. A group specific two-stage optimization problem with weighted sum rate maximization (WSRM) objective is formulated to find the IBF for fixed OBF. We begin by proposing centralized IBF design were the optimization is carried out for all sub group jointly with user specific inter-group interference constraints. In order to further reduce the complexity, we propose an iterative solution for group-specific beamformer design via the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions for fixed inter group interference (IGI) values with per group transmit power constraint. A low complexity heuristic iterative method is also proposed for managing the inter-group interference. In spite of incurring a small loss in performance, the computational complexity can be saved to a large extent with the group specific processing. The sum rate behavior of various proposed schemes are illustrated using numerical simulations.