gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Concentration Dependent Structures in Block Copolymer Solutions (2014)

The concentration and temperature dependence of the structure of a poly(styrene-b-ethylene-alt-propylene) (PS–PEP) diblock copolymer in squalane, a highly selective solvent for the PEP block, was investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). With decreasing concentration, between 100% and 10% by weight, a nearly monodisperse PS–PEP (block molecular weights of 42 000 g/mol and 62 000 g/mol for PS and PEP, respectively) exhibited lamellae (LAM), hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX), body-centered cubic spheres (BCC) and disordered spherical micelles. The results show that squalane (C30H62) is essentially completely segregated into the PEP domains, and thus it behaves like a short PEP homopolymer. With increasing amounts of squalane the conformation of the PS block changes from stretched to nearly fully relaxed at the lowest polymer concentrations.
Electrodeposited Tin Film Anodes for Energy Storage Applications (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of a New Gadolinium Chelate:  The Liver-Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Gd-EOB-DTPA (1999)

A convenient synthesis of disodium S-[4-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-3,6,9-tris[(carboxy-kappaO)methyl]-3,6,9-triazaundecandioato)(5-)-kappa(3)N(3)(),N(6)(),N(9)(),kappa(2)O(1)(),O(11)()]gadolinate(2-) (Gd-EOB-DTPA), 1, is reported. This water-soluble complex is presently undergoing phase III clinical trials as a liver-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thermodynamic complex stability constant of 1 and the acid dissociation constants of the ligand have been determined as well as the stability constant of the calcium complex Ca-EOB-DTPA (2), which is used as an additive in the pharmaceutical formulation of the contrast agent. The solid-state structure of the ligand S-4-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-3,6,9-tris(carboxylatomethyl)-3,6,9-triazaundecanedioic acid (H(5)EOB-DTPA), 3, has been elucidated in a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Additionally, HPLC evidence is given that the enantiomerically pure ligand forms two diastereomeric gadolinium complexes in a 65:35 ratio. The kinetics of isomerization of the isolated diastereomers-as dependent on pH and temperature-has been investigated, and thus, the activation energy for the interconversion of these isomers has been estimated to be 75.3 kJ mol(-1). Finally, the structures of the two components of 1 are discussed in terms of four possible diastereomers.
Mechanical fractionation of tissues using microsecond-long HIFU pulses on a clinical MR-HIFU system (2018)

Clinical MR-HIFU system was utilised to generate distinct types of lesions and to produce targeted thermomechanical bioeffects in ex vivo tissues. The results guide HIFU research on thermomechanical tissue bioeffects, inform future studies and advice sonication parameter selection for direct tumour ablation or immunomodulation using a clinical MR-HIFU system.
Genome Sequencing of Arabidopsis abp1-5 Reveals Second-Site Mutations That May Affect Phenotypes (2015)

Auxin regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development. For many years, investigating roles for AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) in auxin response was impeded by the reported embryo lethality of mutants defective in ABP1. However, identification of a viable Arabidopsis thaliana TILLING mutant defective in the ABP1 auxin binding pocket (abp1-5) allowed inroads into understanding ABP1 function. During our own studies with abp1-5, we observed growth phenotypes segregating independently of the ABP1 lesion, leading us to sequence the genome of the abp1-5 line described previously. We found that the abp1-5 line we sequenced contains over 8000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in addition to the ABP1 mutation and that at least some of these mutations may originate from the Arabidopsis Wassilewskija accession. Furthermore, a phyB null allele in the abp1-5 background is likely causative for the long hypocotyl phenotype previously attributed to disrupted ABP1 function. Our findings complicate the interpretation of abp1-5 phenotypes for which no complementation test was conducted. Our findings on abp1-5 also provide a cautionary tale illustrating the need to use multiple alleles or complementation lines when attributing roles to a gene product.
Recognizing objects, faces, and flowers using fixations (2011)

Most biologically-inspired and computer vision systems are purely feedforward: they immediately classify an object after observing it, even if the model's confidence is low. We have developed a biologically-inspired model called NIMBLE that actively classifies objects (Kanan & Cottrell, 2010). NIMBLE is based on two characteristics of the primate visual system: (1) sparse visual filtering and (2) sequential fixation-based visual attention. We learn sparse visual filters from natural image patches using Independent Component Analysis (ICA), which produces V1-like filters. The distributions of each ICA filter's responses are fitted by generalized Gaussian distributions. Using these statistics, we compute a saliency map based on rare feature values (Zhang et al., 2008). In training, the saliency map is randomly sampled to generate simulated fixations, and NIMBLE records the responses of spatially pooled V1 features from the fixation region in a class-conditional non-parametric density model. In recognition, fixations are acquired the same way, and used to update a posterior probability distribution over the categories. We extract and store 100 fixations from each image in the training set, and use 100 fixations on test images. Although NIMBLE only uses one feature type, it exceeds state-of-the-art computer vision models when the number of training instances is small, and performs comparably with methods using four or more feature types (e.g., multiple kernel learning). NIMBLE achieves 78.5% mean per-class accuracy on objects (Caltech-101) using 30 training images per class (chance is 1/101), 92.7% accuracy on faces (AR) using one training image per person (chance is 1/120), and 71.4% accuracy on 102 Flowers (chance is 1/102). We use the same parameter settings across datasets, demonstrating that NIMBLE, like primates, does not need to retune parameters for each problem.
Preface (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceVLADIMIR M. SHALAEVVLADIMIR M. SHALAEVNew Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003More by VLADIMIR M. SHALAEV and MARTIN MOSKOVITSMARTIN MOSKOVITSUniversity of Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6, CanadaMore by MARTIN MOSKOVITSDOI: 10.1021/bk-1997-0679.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):December 18, 1997Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 18 December 1997Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Nanostructured Materialsp ixACS Symposium SeriesVol. 679ISBN13: 9780841235366eISBN: 9780841216433Chapter Views165Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (175 KB) Get e-Alerts
A SIP Usage for REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) (2016)

This document defines a SIP Usage for REsource LOcation And Discovery
(RELOAD). The SIP Usage provides the functionality of a SIP proxy or
registrar in a fully distributed system and includes a lookup service
for Address of Records (AORs) stored in the overlay. It also defines
Globally Routable User Agent URIs (GRUUs) that allow the registrations
to map an AOR to a specific node reachable through the overlay. After
such initial contact of a Peer, the RELOAD AppAttach method is used to
establish a direct connection between nodes through which SIP messages
are exchanged.
WITHDRAWN: Auditory Surprise Model Based on Pattern Retrieval from the Past Observation (2017)

This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The authors regrets that the reason for withdrawal is due to an disagreement in authorship and in scope of data disclosure. The authors apologize to the readers for this unfortunate error.
Accuracy of the Differential-interferometric Measurements of Curvature (1986)

The radius of curvature at the top of small liquid drops has been determined both visually and by means of differential interferometry in reflected light (microscope Epival Interphako, Carl Zeiss-Jena). Systematic errors in the interferometric measurements have not been found within the investigated interval of curvatures. A comparison between the data for aqueous and mercury drops showed that there is no pronounced effect of the reflectivity of the surface on the accuracy of the interferometric measurements.
A 117 GHz Dual-Modulus Prescaler With Inductive Peaking for a Programmable Frequency Divider (2020)

In this contribution, a 4/5 dual-modulus prescaler operating from DC to 117 GHz is presented. The prescaler is key to a fully programmable dual-modulus frequency divider. Thus, it is essential for fractional phase-locked loops in highperformance mmWave and THz measurement systems. Inductive peaking provides additional speed enhancement of the prescaler. Two different inductor realizations for inductive peaking are presented. Even for high temperatures up to 70°C the prescaler works up to 111 GHz. The prescaler requires only 28.1 mA from a 3.3 V power supply. It is implemented in Infineon's 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology B12HFC.
Nyquist-WDM PDM-QPSK transmission over SMF-28 fibre using URFL amplification (2014)

Nyquist-WDM PDM-QPSK transmission over standard SMF-28 fibre with novel distributed URFL amplification is reported for the first time. Transmission over 6157 km in a recirculating loop, and 320 km in an unrepeatered link without a ROPA were demonstrated.
Electro-chemical sensors, sensor arrays and circuits (2023)

An electro-chemical sensor includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a semiconductor channel in electrical contact with the first and second electrodes. The semiconductor channel includes a trapping material. The trapping material reduces an ability of the semiconductor channel to conduct a current of charge carriers by trapping at least some of the charge carriers to localized regions within the semiconductor channel. The semiconductor channel includes at least a portion configured to be exposed to an analyte to be detected, and the trapping material, when exposed to the analyte, interacts with the analyte so as to at least partially restore the ability of the semiconductor channel to conduct the current of charge carriers.
Wavelength-tunable optical short pulse generation with constant repetition frequency and pulsewidth (2005)

A system to generate wavelength-tunable optical short pulses with a constant repetition frequency and pulse width by a gain-switched Fabry-Pérot laser diode (FPLD) in a self-injection scheme is demonstrated. A variable optical delay line is used to control the self-injection scheme to maintain a constant repetition frequency and pulse width at different wavelengths. The optical sidemode suppression ratio (SMSR) of this system is better than 33 dB over the wavelength-tunable range of 33 nm.
Role of carnitine in regulation of hypoglycemia-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy (2020)

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia and iatrogenic hypoglycemia exacerbate several pathogenic mechanisms underlying hypertension and heart diseases. Carnitine is a potent endogenous antioxidant and cellular fatty acid transporter for antioxidative stress and energy production in the cardiovascular system. In the present study, we aimed to find the role of carnitine in the regulation of hypoglycemia-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Albino Wistar male rats were divided into six groups. The, first three groups received saline (n= 5), D-carnitine (n= 5) at dose of 500mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal for carnitine depletion, or acetyl-L-carnitine (n= 5) at a dose of 300mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal for carnitine supplementation for 15 days. In the last three groups, rats had pretreatment conditions for 5 days with saline, D-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine. Then, they were treated with insulin glargine (InG) for 10 days with saline (n= 6), D-carnitine (n= 5) or acetyl-L-carnitine (n= 6), respectively. Results: Our results showed that carnitine deficiency provoked hypoglycemia-induced hypertension. Mean arterial pressure was elevated from 78.16 ± 4.67 to 100 ± 2.09 mmHg in InG treated group, and from 78.2 ± 3.8 to 123.4 ± 12.6 mmHg in InG+D-carnitine treated group. Acetyl-L-carnitine resisted the elevation in blood pressure in all hypoglycemic animals and kept it within the normal values (68.33 ± 6.7 mmHg). In heart, acetyl-L-carnitine increased myocardial carnitine content leading to the attenuation of hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which was evaluated through measurement of the oxidative stress biomarkers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1, heme oxygenase-I, and glutathione transferase. Moreover, acetyl-L-carnitine prevented induction of cardiac hypertrophy during hypoglycemic conditions, which was assessed via the evaluation of mRNA expression of the cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers, α-myosin heavy chain and β-myosin heavy chain. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that carnitine plays an essential role in providing energy and antioxidants to the cardiovascular system leading to the prevention of hypoglycemia-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.
Fluorescent superlattices of gold nanoparticles: A new class of functional materials (2009)

Fluorescent three-dimensional (3-D) superlattices of dansyl glutathione protected gold nanoparticles, with potential applications in molecular detection, have been synthesized at an air/water interface by controlling the pH of the nanoparticle suspension. The number of fluorophores per nanoparticle was calculated to be ∼127. Morphologies of the superlattice crystals were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most of the crystals observed were triangular in shape. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to study the packing of nanoparticles in these crystals. Both these studies showed that the nanoparticles were arranged in a face-centered cubic (fcc) pattern with a particle-particle distance (center-center) of ∼10.5 nm. Evolution of the crystal morphologies with time was also examined. The fluorescence properties of these triangles were studied using confocal fluorescence imaging and confocal Raman mapping, which were in good agreement with the morphologies observed by SEM. The superlattice exhibits near-infrared (NIR) absorption in the range 1100–2500 nm. Easy synthesis of such functional nanoparticle-based solids makes it possible to use them in novel applications. We utilized the fluorescence of dansyl glutathione gold superlattice crystals for the selective detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the major protein constituent of blood plasma, based on the selective binding of the naphthalene ring of the dansyl moiety with site I of BSA.
Use of paclitaxel on balloon catheters against restenosis (2011)

Besides the established use as chemotherapeutic agent against breast or ovarian cancer, paclitaxel coated on medical devices such as stents and balloon catheters has recently been applied in local prophylaxis and therapy of arterial stenosis/restenosis [1]. Paclitaxel is particularly suitable to inhibit injury-induced excessive intravascular scar formation following balloon angioplasty because of its strong and persistent antiproliferative properties [2]. The aim of this work was to optimize the balloon coating for clinical application. The challenge is to guarantee firm adherence of coated paclitaxel on its way through a hemostatic valve and atherosclerotic arteries to the target, and to allow optimal release at the lesion site.
Tell Me Something I Don't Know: Randomization Strategies for Iterative Data Mining (2020)

There is a wide variety of data mining methods available, and it is generally useful in exploratory data analysis to use many different methods for the same dataset. This, however, leads to the problem of whether the results found by one method are a reflection of the phenomenon shown by the results of another method, or whether the results depict in some sense unrelated properties of the data. For example, using clustering can give indication of a clear cluster structure, and computing correlations between variables can show that there are many significant correlations in the data. However, it can be the case that the correlations are actually determined by the cluster structure. In this paper, we consider the problem of randomizing data so that previously discovered patterns or models are taken into account. The randomization methods can be used in iterative data mining. At each step in the data mining process, the randomization produces random samples from the set of data matrices satisfying the already discovered patterns or models. That is, given a data set and some statistics (e.g., cluster centers or co-occurrence counts) of the data, the randomization methods sample data sets having similar values of the given statistics as the original data set. We use Metropolis sampling based on local swaps to achieve this. We describe experiments on real data that demonstrate the usefulness of our approach. Our results indicate that in many cases, the results of, e.g., clustering actually imply the results of, say, frequent pattern discovery.
QoS Self-Provisioning and Interference Management for Co-Channel Deployed 3G Femtocells (2013)

A highly efficient self-provisioning interference management scheme is derived for 3G Home Node-Bs (HNB). The proposed scheme comprises self-adjustment of the HNB transmission parameters to meet the targeted QoS (quality of service) requirements in terms of downlink and uplink guaranteed minimum throughput and coverage. This objective is achieved by means of an autonomous HNB solution, where the transmit power of pilot and data are adjusted separately, while also controlling the uplink interference pollution towards the macro-layer. The proposed scheme is evaluated by means of extensive system level simulations and the results show significant performance improvements in terms of user throughput outage probability, power efficiency, femtocell coverage, and impact on macro-layer performance as compared to prior art baseline techniques. The paper is concluded by also showing corresponding measurements from live 3G high-speed packet access (HSPA) HNB field-trials, confirming the validity of major simulation results and assumptions.
Interface structure of epitaxial ZnTe on (100) GaAs (2020)

ZnTe layers grown on (100) GaAs by Molecular Beam Epitaxy have been investigated by conventional and high resolution electron-microscopy. Both Lomer and 60° dislocations were found to lie at the interface to accomodate the 8 % lattice mismatch, the Lomer type being predominant while 60° dislocations appeared mainly on inclined parts of the interface. The entangled network of defects in the vicinity of the interface consists of an array of both intrinsic and extrinsic stacking-faults that we have analysed in detail.
Automatic three‐dimensional inspection of patient setup in radiation therapy using portal images, simulator images, and computed tomography data (1996)

In external beam radiotherapy, conventional analysis of portal images in two dimensions (2D) is limited to verification of in-plane rotations and translations of the patient. We developed and clinically tested a new method for automatic quantification of the patient setup in three dimensions (3D) using one set of computed tomography (CT) data and two transmission images. These transmission images can be either a pair of simulator images or a pair of portal images. Our procedure adjusts the position and orientation of the CT data in order to maximize the distance through bone in the CT data along lines between the focus of the irradiation unit and bony structures in the transmission images. For this purpose, bony features are either automatically detected or manually delineated in the transmission images. The performance of the method was quantified by aligning randomly displaced CT data with transmission images simulated from digitally reconstructed radiographs. In addition, the clinical performance were assessed in a limited number of images of prostate cancer and parotid gland tumor treatments. The complete procedure takes less than 2 min on a 90-MHz Pentium PC. The alignment time is 50 s for portal images and 80 s for simulator images. The accuracy is about 1 mm and 1 degrees. Application to clinical cases demonstrated that the procedure provides essential information for the correction of setup errors in case of large rotations (typically larger than 2 degrees) in the setup. The 3D procedure was found to be robust for imperfections in the delineation of bony structures in the transmission images. Visual verification of the results remains, however, necessary. It can be concluded that our strategy for automatic analysis of patient setup in 3D is accurate and robust. The procedure is relatively fast and reduces the human workload compared with existing techniques for the quantification of patient setup in 3D. In addition, the procedure improves the accuracy of treatment verification in 2D in some cases where rotational deviations in the setup occur.
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein is crucial for the development of pulmonary fibrosis (2020)

Danger signals, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), instigate mitochondrial innate immune responses wherein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) functions as a key platform molecule to mediate them. The role of MAVS in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), however, has not yet been identified. Whether MAVS signalling can be modulated by currently existing drugs has also not been explored.We used an established model of pulmonary fibrosis to demonstrate that MAVS is a critical mediator of multiple DAMP signalling pathways and the consequent lung fibrosis after bleomycin-induced injury <i>in vivo</i>After bleomycin injury, MAVS expression was mainly observed in macrophages. Multimeric MAVS aggregation, a key event of MAVS signalling activation, was significantly increased and persisted in bleomycin-injured lungs. A proapoptotic BH3 mimetic, ABT-263, attenuated the expression of MAVS and its signalling and, consequently, the development of experimental pulmonary fibrosis. In contrast, the therapeutic effects of nintedanib and pirfenidone, two drugs approved for IPF treatment, were not related to the modulation of MAVS or its signalling. Multimeric MAVS aggregation was significantly increased in lungs from IPF patients as well.MAVS may play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting MAVS with BH3 mimetics may provide a novel and much needed therapeutic strategy for IPF.