gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Latexes with Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Cores and Hydrophilic Polymer Shells Containing Amino Groups (2003)

Abstract Functional latexes with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cores and amino‐containing, water‐soluble polymer shells were synthesized via direct graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate from water‐soluble polymers induced by a small amount of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) at 80°C for 2 h. Amphiphilic graft copolymers and PMMA homopolymers were generated concurrently to form highly monodispersed latexes. The effects of water‐soluble polymer containing different amino group, reaction temperature, TBHP concentration, molecular weight of the polymer and pH of the solution on conversion and grafting efficiency of the monomer and particle size were investigated. Transmission electron microscopic images of the PMMA/poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and PMMA/poly(allylamine) (PAA) particles clearly show well‐defined core‐shell morphologies, where PMMA cores are coated with either PEI or PAA shell. The amino‐containing polymer shells were also confirmed with zeta‐potential measurements. Furthermore, the amino‐containing latexes can be produced with a solids content up to 22 wt.%. Thus, this method provides a commercially viable route to functional latexes.
The Impact of Nano‐ and Microstructure on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

Halide perovskites have emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiencies for laboratory-scale devices surpass those of established technologies, such as multicrystalline silicon. However, perovskite solar cells lose their initial efficiency rapidly due to the convolution of several degradation factors, which hinder the process of industrialization. In this review, the important role of the nano- and microstructure of the perovskite layer in the performance and stability of the device are discussed. The defects located predominantly at the grain boundaries within the perovskite film and at the interface of the perovskite with the other materials can compromise the devices' stability. Thus, lowering the surface and interface concentration of defects is a key approach toward long-term stable perovskite solar cells.
Coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in thin films of the Fe-based superconductor Ba 1−x La x Fe 2 As 2 (2020)

Magnetization measurements have been performed to understand the role of the magnetic structure on the superconducting properties of epitaxial thin films of Ba<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>La<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>(<i>x</i>= 0.08, 0.13, and 0.18) deposited on single crystal (001)-oriented MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition. All samples exhibit a reentrant-spinglass like behavior at normal state. At lower temperatures, we observe the same magnetic state coexisting with superconductivity and it is also observed a prominent non-linear giant diamagnetism in an intermediate temperature range just above the superconducting phase transition temperature. Furthermore, no significant change in the magnetic domain structure was detected by the onset of superconductivity. Based on their magnetic states, we claim that each domain (as a disconnected superconducting island) has its own bulk superconducting properties. Finally, we discussed the dual character played by the La atoms in the superconducting properties. That duality character has been also confirmed by analyzing resistivity data.
Utilization of an Escherichia coli mutant for carbon-13 enrichment of tRNA for NMR studies (1975)

The enrichment of tRNA at specific sites with carbon-13 has been accomplished in vivo using a mutant of Escherichia coli. A relaxed strain of E. coli auxotrophic for methionine was grown in a specifically defined medium supplemented with either [14C] or [13C]-methyl labeled methionine. Cells were collected at the end of the log-phase of growth and tRNA was extracted. Analysis of the radioactivity of the [14C]-labeled tRNA established an incorporation ratio of three labeled carbons per tRNA molecule. Incorporation of the [14C]-label in vivo was confined to the methylation of nucleotides as determined by thin layer chromatography of nucleotides resulting from a ribonuclease digestion of [14C]-labeled tRNA. The carbon-13 NMR spectrum of [13C]-enriched tRNA indicated a similar degree of incorporation into the methylated nucleotides by the substantial enhancement of [13C]-methyl NMR signals only. Assignment of signals has been made for the methyl groups of ribothymidine and N7-methylguanosine in E. coli tRNA.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Sensing Technologies for Intelligent Urban Infrastructures (2014)

Growing urbanization has brought about a need to rethink design of future cities and infrastructures. A future urban infrastructure should be able to cater to diverse socioeconomic needs relating to aspects such as energy use, transportation, environment, natural resources, well-being, and safety.
2,4,6‐Triphenylpyridinium: A Bulky, Highly Electron‐Withdrawing Substituent That Enhances Properties of Nickel(II) Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts (2020)

Abstract The reactivity of Ni II and Pd II olefin polymerization catalysts can be enhanced by introduction of electron‐withdrawing substituents on the supporting ligands rendering the metal centers more electrophilic. Reported here is a comparison of ethylene polymerization activity of a classical salicyliminato nickel catalyst substituted with the powerful electron‐withdrawing 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridinium (trippy) group to the ‐CF 3 analogue. The trippy substituent is substantially more electron‐withdrawing (σ meta =0.63) than the trifluoromethyl group (σ meta =0.43) which results in a ca. 8‐fold increase in catalytic turnover frequency. An additional advantage of trippy is the high steric bulk relative to the trifluoromethyl group. This feature results in a four‐fold increase in polymer molecular weight owing to enhanced retardation of chain transfer. A significant increase in catalyst lifetime is observed as well.
Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase associates with transcription elongation to coordinate DNA repair with gene expression (2019)

Base excision repair (BER) initiated by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is essential for removal of aberrantly methylated DNA bases. Genome instability and accumulation of aberrant bases accompany multiple diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. While BER is well studied on naked DNA, it remains unclear how BER efficiently operates on chromatin. Here, we show that AAG binds to chromatin and forms complex with RNA polymerase (pol) II. This occurs through direct interaction with Elongator and results in transcriptional co-regulation. Importantly, at co-regulated genes, aberrantly methylated bases accumulate towards the 3'end in regions enriched for BER enzymes AAG and APE1, Elongator and active RNA pol II. Active transcription and functional Elongator are further crucial to ensure efficient BER, by promoting AAG and APE1 chromatin recruitment. Our findings provide insights into genome stability maintenance in actively transcribing chromatin and reveal roles of aberrantly methylated bases in regulation of gene expression.
Free Energy of Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Polyvinyl Chloride Containing Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (2022)

The free energy of adsorption is a parameter that describes the affinity between adsorbent and adsorbate; this affinity has a close relationship with the nature of the chemical or physical forces which can be formed, at the adsorbent-adsorbate interface. In the present work a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based nanocomposite film containing poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) coated-iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) was prepared; this material was then used for methylene blue (MB) removal from water. The IONPs were synthesized by a co-precipitation method, coated with PDMAEMA using the emulsion approach, and then dispersed in a film of PVC. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to study the MB adsorption process on the prepared nanocomposite; the obtained results showed that the adsorption process of MB onto the PVC-based nanocomposite film was linear as a function of initial MB concentrations in the range from 10−7 to 10−4 mol/L; the free energy of adsorption was calculated using the Langmuir isotherm and found to be −46.82 kJ/mol with a high adsorption equilibrium constant of 2.93 × 106 L/mol, indicating that the mechanism of the MB adsorption process was chemisorption. The synthesized PDMAEMA, coated IONPs, and uncoated IONPs were thoroughly characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Saliency based Self-Sensing Enhanced Operating Condition Monitoring Using High-Frequency Injection Under Intentional Magnetic Saturation (2019)

In this paper, a simple technique to monitor the saturation effect on dq-incremental inductance is proposed. The high frequency injection (HFI) based technique can detect enhanced or diminished self-sensing ability under intentional magnetic saturation. Inductive saliency based self-sensing depend on the difference between d-axis and q-axis incremental inductance of the machine where the dq-axes inductive saliency is operating point dependent property. Prior researches showed the machine non-linear characteristic consideration under magnetic saturation is one of the key factors for successful self-sensing control. Incremental dq-inductance variations under flux-weakening and flux-intensifying operation are estimated. A system level self-sensing ability can be achieved since the incremental dq-inductance are estimated in the exactly the same HFI based self-sensing environment, i.e., the inverter, the current sensor resolution, the demodulation technique for differential carrier current, and the injected carrier frequency and amplitude.
Design and Evaluation of a Cochlear Implant Strategy Based on a “Phantom” Channel (2015)

Unbalanced bipolar stimulation, delivered using charge balanced pulses, was used to produce "Phantom stimulation", stimulation beyond the most apical contact of a cochlear implant's electrode array. The Phantom channel was allocated audio frequencies below 300 Hz in a speech coding strategy, conveying energy some two octaves lower than the clinical strategy and hence delivering the fundamental frequency of speech and of many musical tones. A group of 12 Advanced Bionics cochlear implant recipients took part in a chronic study investigating the fitting of the Phantom strategy and speech and music perception when using Phantom. The evaluation of speech in noise was performed immediately after fitting Phantom for the first time (Session 1) and after one month of take-home experience (Session 2). A repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) within factors strategy (Clinical, Phantom) and interaction time (Session 1, Session 2) revealed a significant effect for the interaction time and strategy. Phantom obtained a significant improvement in speech intelligibility after one month of use. Furthermore, a trend towards a better performance with Phantom (48%) with respect to F120 (37%) after 1 month of use failed to reach significance after type 1 error correction. Questionnaire results show a preference for Phantom when listening to music, likely driven by an improved balance between high and low frequencies.
Reduction of Adhesion Formation by Intraperitoneal Administration of a Recombinant Hirudin Analog (1996)

Adhesion formation is a major source of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the reduction of postoperative adhesion formation would be of clinical benefit. Various modalities have been shown to reduce adhesion formation, including fibrinolytic enzymes, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and barriers that reduce the apposition of sites of potential adhesion formation. This study examined the ability of an inhibitor of thrombin, a recombinant hirudin analog (recHirudin), to reduce the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in two rabbit models of adhesion formation. In the sidewall and double uterine horn models, recHirudin was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump for the entire postoperative interval. In both of these models, there was a dose-dependent reduction in adhesion formation as measured by (1) the area of the sidewall injury that was involved in adhesions to the cecum and the bowel or (2) the involvement of the uterine horns to themselves or other peritoneal organs. These studies clearly demonstrate that postoperative administration of recHirudin to the site of injury reduced the formation of postoperative adhesions in two animal models.
Investigation on resource assignment and power control schemes for uplink MU-MIMO in multi-cell environments for LTE/LTE-advanced (2010)

This paper investigates capacity gains for uplink multi-user (MU)-MIMO in a multi-cell environment with single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) used in LTE/LTE-Advanced. In the SC-FDMA MU-MIMO uplink, contiguous resource blocks (RBs) must be assigned in the frequency domain to each user in order to retain the SC-FDMA property, and the same bandwidth, i.e., the same set of RBs, needs to be assigned to the users that are simultaneously multiplexed in the spatial domain to utilize the inter-user orthogonality of demodulation reference signals. Furthermore, in a multi-cell environment, cell-edge users in particular cause severe fluctuation in inter-cell interference, which also depends on the number of simultaneously multiplexed users in MU-MIMO operation. To alleviate these problems, this paper proposes efficient resource assignment and transmission power control schemes to improve cell throughput without degrading the cell-edge user throughput. Based on system-level simulations, we show that by using the proposed schemes, the cell throughput performance achieved via uplink MU-MIMO is increased by approximately 20% and 40%, for 1-by-4 and 2-by-8 uplink antenna configurations, respectively, with almost the same cell-edge user throughput as that of the single-user MIMO case.
Ultrafast Excited-State Energy Migration Dynamics in an Efficient Light-Harvesting Antenna Polymer Based on Ru(II) and Os(II) Polypyridyl Complexes (2001)

A detailed study of the excited state energy migration dynamics that take place within an assembly of Ru(II) and Os(II) polypyridyl complexes linked together through a polymer backbone is presented. The energy migration process is initiated by the photoexcitation of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition in one of the Ru(II) complexes and terminated by energy transfer to a lower energy Os(II) trap. Energy transfer sensitization of Os(II) can occur in a single step if the excited state is formed adjacent to a trap, or after a series of hops between isoenergetic rutheniums prior to reaching a trap. The dynamics of the energy transfer process are followed by monitoring the growth of Os(II) luminescence at 780 nm. The kinetics of the growth are complex and can be fit by a sum of two exponentials. This kinetic complexity arises both from the presence of a distribution of donor-acceptor distances and the variety of time scales by which Os(II) can be formed. We have augmented the time-resolved experiments with Monte Carlo simulations, which provide insight into the polymer array's structure and at the same time form the basis of a molecular-level description of the energy migration dynamics. The simulations indicate that the most probable Ru-->Os energy transfer time is approximately 400 ps while the time scale for Ru-->Ru hopping is approximately 1-4 ns. The time scale for Ru-->Ru hopping relative to its natural lifetime (1000 ns) suggests that this polymer system could be extended to considerably longer dimensions without an appreciable loss in its overall efficiency.
Enhancement of surface activity in CO oxidation on Pt(110) through spatiotemporal laser actuation (2008)

We explore the effect of spatiotemporally varying substrate temperature profiles on the dynamics and the resulting reaction rate enhancement of the catalytic oxidation of CO on Pt(110). The catalytic surface is "addressed" by a focused laser beam whose motion is computer controlled. The averaged reaction rate is observed to undergo a characteristic maximum as a function of the speed of this moving laser spot. Experiments as well as modeling are used to explore and rationalize the existence of such an optimal laser speed.
Holistic approach supporting mental wellbeing of people in enforced quarantine in South Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2021)

The level of psychological stress in repatriated Australians was low at arrival and improved further at the time of release from quarantine. Implications for public health: A collaborative multi-sector approach to provide support services for individuals in quarantine can mitigate risks to mental wellbeing.
Acrylic (Polyacrylonitrile) Fibres (2015)

This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental aspects of the chemistry, fine structure, properties and dyeing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres. Water has a dramatic effect upon the glass transition temperature of PAN fibres, which, from an aqueous dyeability perspective, is advantageous insofar as it reduces the temperature required for dye diffusion to occur within the substrate. PAN fibres are dyed almost exclusively using basic dyes. The dyeing of PAN fibres with cationic dyes occurs by means of an ion-exchange mechanism which has been interpreted using both Langmuir isotherm and Donnan equilibrium models. Although the dyeing of PAN fibres with basic dyes and other dye classes such as vat dyes, azoic colorants and disperse dyes was discussed soon after the fibre's commercial introduction, systematic investigations of the mechanism of the interaction of cationic dyes with PAN fibres were undertaken only when dyes of adequate light fastness had been developed.
Synthetic importance and industrial applications of ring‐opening polymerization (1991)

Abstract A survey is provided which demonstrates the synthetic importance and variety of industrial applications that have developed for ring‐opening polymerization. The number of polymers produced this way is quite significant and includes the epoxides such as ethylene and propylene oxide and other cyclic ethers such as trioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the epoxy resins. Other important systems include the polylactams such as polycaprolactam (Nylon 6), the siloxane or silicone materials, polycaprolactone, and cycloolefins such as polynorbornene. Polyoxazolines are newer monomers which can be polymerized via cationic mechanisms to yield either hydrophilic or hydrophobic tertiary polyamides. Thus, the importance of the field is quite well established and continues to grow. Major applications in coatings, fibers, elastomers, adhesives, thermoplastics and thermosets, such as in composite matrix resins, have been developed.
Styrene-Butadiene gradient block copolymers for transparent impact polystyrene (2008)

International audience
Measuring Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation (S21.002) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: We examine whether it is feasible to ask stroke survivors to estimate their own health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and change in HRQOL during acute inpatient rehabilitation. We compared self-assessment with clinician, third-party assessment. We also examined whether HRQOL changes were associated with changes in functional status. BACKGROUND: Functional status may not represent the impact of stroke on a patient’s life. Studies have shown that stroke patients can appear functionally independent while still reporting major problems with return to work, engaging in leisure activities or with emotional adjustment. Determinants of HRQOL have been studied on stroke patients across the health-care continuum. DESIGN/METHODS: Independent HRQOL assessments with the Euro-Quol (EQ-5) were made by moderate stroke survivors and clinicians, and functional status scores were assigned by clinicians with the functional independence measure (FIM), at admission and discharge. RESULTS: 175 moderate stroke survivors were tested, with only 10.2% unable to complete the EQ-5 due to cognitive/ language impairments (e.g., delirium, aphasia). Patients and clinicians reported significant improvements on each EQ-5 domain during inpatient rehabilitation (p < .05). Moreover, patient and clinician ratings positively and significantly correlated in all EQ-5 domains: mobility (r = .31, p <.001), self-care (r = .21, p < .01), activities (r = .31, p <.001), pain/discomfort (r =.52, p < .001), and anxiety/depression (r = .57, p <.001). Significant cognitive and motor FIM improvements during rehabilitation did not correlate with any improvements on EQ-5 therapist ratings of patients' HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: EQ-5 ratings converged between stroke survivors and clinicians, suggesting it is valid and reliable to measure moderate stroke survivor HRQOL in inpatient rehabilitation. EQ-5 and FIM improvement were poorly associated; HRQOL may independently complement functional outcome assessment in inpatient rehabilitation. Future studies could explore different areas of function to clarify the factor structure of improvement on these measures relative to HRQL. Study Supported by: NIH, Kessler Foundation
Cloning and Characterization of Human Lnk, an Adaptor Protein with Pleckstrin Homology and Src Homology 2 Domains that Can Inhibit T Cell Activation (2000)

Lnk was originally cloned from a rat lymph node cDNA library and shown to participate in T cell signaling. Human Lnk (hLnk) was cloned by screening a Jurkat cell cDNA library. hLnk has a calculated molecular mass of 63 kDa, and its deduced amino acid sequence indicates the presence of an N-terminal proline-rich region, a pleckstrin homology domain, and a Src homology 2 domain. When expressed in COS cells, hLnk migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 75 kDa. Confocal fluorescence microscope analysis indicates that in COS cells transfected with an expression vector encoding a chimeric Lnk-green fluorescent protein, hLnk is found at the juxtanuclear compartment and also appears to be localized at the plasma membrane. Lnk is tyrosine-phosphorylated by p56lck. Following phosphorylation, p56lck binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated hLnk through its Src homology 2 domain. In COS cells cotransfected with hLnk, p56lck, and CD8-zeta, hLnk associated with tyrosine-phosphorylated TCR zeta-chain through its Src homology 2 domain. The overexpression of Lnk in Jurkat cells led to an inhibition of anti-CD3 mediated NF-AT-Luc activation. Our study reveals a potentially new mechanism of T cell-negative regulation.
Mechanical compution, redux? (2005)

Nanoscale mechanical devices offer the prospect of signal processing, computation, and sensing - at microwave frequencies, sub-nanosecond time scales, and with unprecedented sensitivity and consumption of extremely small amounts of power. This paper briefly reviews the current state-of-the art of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) - with respect to both the underlying fundamental science, and realized (or realizable) applications. The paper concludes with speculations regarding the future role of nanomechanics in computation, in the context of the rich and rather surprising history of (macroscale) mechanically-based logic.