gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thoracic positron emission tomography: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and beyond (2020)

Ongoing technologic and therapeutic advancements in medicine are now testing the limits of conventional anatomic imaging techniques. The ability to image physiology, rather than simply anatomy, is critical in the management of multiple disease processes, especially in oncology. Nuclear medicine has assumed a leading role in detecting, diagnosing, staging and assessing treatment response of various pathologic entities, and appears well positioned to do so into the future. When combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) has become the <i>sine quo non</i> technique of evaluating most solid tumors especially in the thorax. PET/CT serves as a key imaging modality in the initial evaluation of pulmonary nodules, often obviating the need for more invasive testing. PET/CT is essential to staging and restaging in bronchogenic carcinoma and offers key physiologic information with regard to treatment response. A more recent development, PET/MRI, shows promise in several specific lung cancer applications as well. Additional recent advancements in the field have allowed PET to expand beyond imaging with <sup>18</sup>F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) alone, now with the ability to specifically image certain types of cell surface receptors. In the thorax this predominantly includes <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE which targets the somatostatin receptors abundantly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, including bronchial carcinoid. This receptor targeted imaging technique permits targeting these tumors with therapeutic analogues such as <sup>177</sup>Lu labeled DOTATATE. Overall, the proper utilization of PET in the thorax has the ability to directly impact and improve patient care.
Unexpected Efficient Synthesis of Millimeter-Scale Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Forests Using a Sputtered MgO Catalyst Underlayer Enabled by a Simple Treatment Process (2016)

An unexpected 5000% increase in growth efficiency and high (95%) single-wall selectivity synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was shown from Fe catalysts supported on a sputtered MgO underlayer from a simple underlayer treatment, i.e., annealing treatment. In this way, millimeter-scale single-wall carbon nanotube "forests" could be synthesized in a 10 min time, which has never been previously reported for MgO catalyst underlayer or any underlayer besides Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. This level of efficiency and characterized SWCNT properties were similar to those grown using Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> underlayers. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed that the treatment improved stability of the catalyst nanoparticle array by the suppressing catalyst subsurface diffusion and retaining the metallic state of the surface Fe atoms. Taken together, these results reveal a new route in achieving highly efficient SWCNT synthesis.
Battery charging for electric vehicles with modular multilevel traction drives (2014)

A modular multilevel converter based on MosFET half bridge modules has been recently proposed for the energy management and the drivetrain control of electric vehicles. This topology provides an active balancing of the cells in addition to the control of the propulsion motor, thus integrating into the same controller also the function of a battery management system. This paper analyses the possibilities for stationary recharge of the batteries both from a three phase and a single phase AC source. Charging operations are demonstrated by numerical simulations on a model of an electric city car.
Bearing-Only Active Sensing Under Merged Measurements (2021)

In this letter we propose an algorithm to actively track multiple moving targets using a bearing-only sensor in the presence of merged measurements. Merged measurements arise from sensor resolution constraints and therefore targets that are close in relative bearing to the sensor get reported as a single group measurement. We employ a merged measurement model in a nonlinear joint probabilistic data association filter for tracking multiple targets through merging events. We also propose an online adaptive planning algorithm that maneuvers the sensor in order to increase tracking performance. We introduce a novel method based on forward value iteration that incorporates the merged measurement information into the planning strategy. The resulting trajectory is biased away from situations where merged measurements occur, as this leads to more uncertainty in the target state estimates. We demonstrate our algorithm both in simulation as well as onboard real unmanned ground vehicles. This is the first time bearing-only tracking with merged measurements has been accomplished with a mobile sensor in practice. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time merged measurement data association information has been utilized to effectively plan for such situations.
Susceptibility of Streptococcus Suis to Penicillin (1991)

The main objective of this study was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin for representative strains of all known capsular types of S. suis. Because the blood supplement for the media in different laboratories may have varied, sheep blood and bovine blood were used to study the effect of different media on bacterial sensitivity to penicillin. Reference strains representing each of the 23 capsular types and 99 field isolates (22 capsular types) of S. suis recovered from diseased pigs were used to test for sensitivity to penicillin. The MIC was determined by an agar dilution method using a standard powder of postassium penicillin. a Concentrations of penicillin from 0.03 to 32.0 µg/ml were tested. The following control strains were used throughout the study: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 35088. Susceptibility of the isolates and control strains was determined in nonsupplemented Mueller-Hinton medium agar b
Inside 6th-Generation Intel Core: New Microarchitecture Code-Named Skylake (2017)

Skylake's core, processor graphics, and system on chip were designed to meet a demanding set of requirements for a wide range of power-performance points. Its coherent fabric was designed to provide high-memory bandwidth from multiple memory sources. Skylake's power management, which includes Intel Speed Shift technology, was designed to provide the largest dynamic power range among prior Intel processors. The Intel Architecture core delivers higher power efficiency, higher frequency, and a wider dynamic power range, supporting smaller form factors. Skylake's Gen9 graphics provides new features designed to maximize energy efficiency and bring the best visual experience for gaming and media. Skylake offers a rich performance monitoring unit that enhances software developers' ability to optimize their applications.
ChemInform Abstract: New Non Peptidic C5a Receptor Antagonists. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microwave study of quantumn-disk scattering (2000)

We describe a wave-mechanical implementation of classically chaotic n-disk scattering based on thin two-dimensional microwave cavities. Two-, three-, and four-disk scatterings are investigated in detail. The experiments, which are able to probe the stationary Green's function of the system, yield both frequencies and widths of the low-lying quantum resonances. The observed spectra are found to be in good agreement with calculations based on semiclassical periodic orbit theory. Wave-vector autocorrelation functions are analyzed for various scattering geometries, the small wave-vector behavior allowing one to extract the escape rate from the quantum repeller. Quantitative agreement is found with the value predicted from classical scattering theory. For intermediate energies, nonuniversal oscillations are detected in the autocorrelation function, reflecting the presence of periodic orbits.
Tree bitmap (2004)

Even with the significant focus on IP address lookup in the published literature as well as focus on this market by commercial semiconductor vendors, there is still a challenge for router architects to find solutions that simultaneously meet 3 criteria: scaling in terms of lookup speeds as well as table sizes, the ability to perform high speed updates, and the ability to fit into the overall memory architecture of an Level 3 forwarding engine or packet processor with low systems cost overhead. In this paper, we describe a scheme that meets all three criteria. By contrast, published and commercial semiconductor solutions meet some but not all of these three criteria.For example, many approaches that provide dense tables have poor update times; others require large amounts of expensive high speed memory dedicated to this application. Many IP address lookup approaches do not take into account the flexibility of ASICs or the structure of modern high speed memory technologies such as RLDRAM[1] and FCRAM[2]. In this paper, we present a family of IP lookup schemes using a data structure that compactly encodes large prefix tables in order to address the criteria listed above. We also present a series of optimizations to the core algorithm that allows the memory access width of the algorithm to be reduced at the cost of memory references or allocated memory. Such flexibility in performance versus density is an important feature for the lookup engine of routers that may be deployed in different networks with varying requirements on address lookup length and table density (e.g. global IPv4 networks, global v6, VPN based v4 networks, MPLS, and IP tunneling encapsulation points).
A bound on the primes of bad reduction for CM curves of genus 3 (2020)

We give bounds on the primes of geometric bad reduction for curves of genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="3"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of primitive complex multiplication (CM) type in terms of the CM orders. In the case of elliptic curves, there are no primes of geometric bad reduction because CM elliptic curves are CM abelian varieties, which have potential good reduction everywhere. However, for genus at least <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the curve can have bad reduction at a prime although the Jacobian has good reduction. Goren and Lauter gave the first bound in the case of genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In the cases of hyperelliptic and Picard curves, our results imply bounds on primes appearing in the denominators of invariants and class polynomials, which are important for algorithmic construction of curves with given characteristic polynomials over finite fields.
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: Cytomorphologic Findings and Literature Review (2014)

SPN can mimic other neoplasms of the pancreas, which can lead to diagnostic challenges in a limited cytologic specimen. Distinct cytomorphological features can help distinguish SPNs from other pancreatic neoplasms. Complete surgical resection as well as resection of metastatic disease is preferred given a low rate of tumor recurrence and long periods of disease-free intervals.
Abnormal Regional and Global Connectivity Measures in Subjective Cognitive Decline Depending on Cerebral Amyloid Status (2020)

While partial confounding influences due to a higher APOE ε4 carrier ratio among SCDAβ+ patients cannot be excluded, exploratory results indicate functional alterations in the precuneus hub region that were related to amyloid-β load, highlighting incipient pathology in stage 2 of the AD continuum.
Field Evaluation of the Impact of Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)–Protected <I>Bt</I> Corn on Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods (2005)

Abstract A 3-yr field study was conducted in Monmouth, IL, to evaluate the effect of transgenic Bt corn expressing a Cry3Bb1 protein (MON 863) on foliage-dwelling arthropods. The study employed a split-plot design with MON 863 corn and a conventional non-Bt near isoline (RX670) as the main plots and insecticide regimens (no insecticide, imidacloprid applied as seed treatment, tefluthrin applied as soil treatment, and permethrin applied as foliar treatment) as subplots. Foliage-dwelling arthropods were sampled with sticky traps during each of the 3 yr (2000–2002). The most abundant taxa collected included corn pests, such as Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and Chaetocnema pulicaria Melsheimer (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), and Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Homoptera:Aphididae). The most abundant generalist predators captured by sticky traps were Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles), Nabidae (damsel bugs), Orius insidiosus Say (minute pirate bugs), Syrphidae (flower flies), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (green lacewings), Macrocentrus cingulum Rienhardt (a braconid parasitoid), and Araneae (spiders). MON 863 corn had no consistent adverse impact on the relative abundance of any nontarget foliage-dwelling arthropod taxon, including predators and parasitoids. However, insecticide applications of foliar insecticide (permethrin) significantly and consistently decreased the abundance of ladybird beetles, green lacewings, and damsel bugs compared with the insecticidal seed treatment or no insecticide application. The abundance of the pest R. maidis also was observed to increase in the foliar-applied insecticide treatment. Therefore, adoption of MON 863 and the concurrent reduction in broad-spectrum foliar-applied insecticide use for control of adult Diabrotica spp. have the potential to enhance biological control within corn agro-ecosystems.
Modeling annotator expertise: Learning when everybody knows a bit of something (2010)

Supervised learning from multiple labeling sources is an increasingly important problem in machine learning and data mining. This paper develops a probabilistic approach to this problem when annotators may be unreliable (labels are noisy), but also their expertise varies depending on the data they observe (annotators may have knowledge about different parts of the input space). That is, an annotator may not be consistently accurate (or inaccurate) across the task domain. The presented approach produces classification and annotator models that allow us to provide estimates of the true labels and annotator variable expertise. We provide an analysis of the proposed model under various scenarios and show experimentally that annotator expertise can indeed vary in real tasks and that the presented approach provides clear advantages over previously introduced multi-annotator methods, which only consider general annotator characteristics.
MOPITT validation using ground-based IR spectroscopy (1999)

MOPITT is a nadir-viewing gas correlation radiometer due to be launched aboard the EOS Terra platform. The feasibility of MOPITT data validation using ground-based sun-viewing spectrometers of moderate resolution is investigated. Several instruments with a spectral resolution of approximately 0.2 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> are now operating in Russia and in China for the monitoring of CO and CH<SUB>4</SUB>. A spectrometer of this type has been tested and improved at the University of Toronto. It has also been compared with other spectroscopic instruments in field conditions. The results of these comparisons, and the prospects for further work are presented and discussed.
Stereocontrolled Conversion of Quinine into 10(R),11-Dihydroxydihydroquinine via the Sharpless Osmylation Process (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStereocontrolled Conversion of Quinine into 10(R),11-Dihydroxydihydroquinine via the Sharpless Osmylation ProcessTao Zheng, Judith Flippen-Anderson, Peng Yu, Tao Wang, Rajaa Mirghani, and James M. CookView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, C1-68 Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 4, 1509–1511Publication Date (Web):January 25, 2001Publication History Received30 October 2000Published online25 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0015321https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0015321brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Metabolism,Molecular structure,Parasites,X-rays Get e-Alerts
The influence of V defects on luminescence properties of AlInGaN quaternary alloys (2005)

In a certain growth mode, V pits have been observed in AlyInxGa1−x−yN grown by metal–organic chemical vapour deposition. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra from these quaternary alloys show strong band-to-band emission with equally intense yellow luminescence (YL). Simultaneous measurements of the PL intensity and topography using ultraviolet–visible near field scanning optical microscopy show that the enhanced YL intensity originates from the V pits whereas the intensity of the band edge PL decreases in the vicinity of pits. The strong YL emission can be related to the defect clusters associated with impurity decoration at dislocation lines and sidewalls of the pits. A higher degree of Al incorporation at partially filled V pits leads to the multiple near band edge PL peaks.
Tetrameric repeat units associated with virulence factor phase variation inHaemophilusalso occur inNetsseriaspp. andMoraxella catarrhalis (1996)

The tetrameric repeat units 5'-CAAT-3' and 5'-GCAA-3' are associated with phase variable expression of lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in Haemophilus influenzae. Four other tetrameric repeat units have also been reported from H. influenzae strain Rd, 5'-CAAC-3', 5'-GACA-3', 5'-AGCT-3', and 5'-TTTA-3', which are also associated with putative virulence factors. Using oligonucleotide probes corresponding to five tandem copies of each of these tetramers, we have screened three strains of Neisseria meningitidis and one each of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria lactamica, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella bronchiceptica and Moraxella catarrhalis for the presence of these motifs. We have demonstrated the presence of multiple copies of the 5'-GCAA-3' motif in all the Neisseria strains tested, and also the repeated motif 5'-CAAC-3' in M. catarrhalis. We have further demonstrated by Southern blot analysis that the 5'-CAAC-3' repeats detected in M. catarrhalis are probably associated with the same genes as in H. influenzae, but that the 5'-GCAA-3' motifs in N. meningitidis are not. The use of characterised tetrameric DNA sequences as hybridisation probes may prove useful in the identification of novel phase variable virulence determinants in organisms other than H. influenzae.
The Ferro- to Paraelectric Curie Transition of a Strongly Confined Ferroelectric Polymer (2014)

Nanopillars of ferroelectric polymers are of strong interest for the fabrication of low-cost nanoscale actuators and memories of high density. However, a limiting factor of polymers compared to inorganic ferroelectric materials is their low ferro- to paraelectric Curie transition, a problem compounded by the possible further decrease of the Curie temperature in nanostructures as was suggested by previous studies. Here we develop a methodology based on piezoresponse force microscopy to study the thermal stability of data stored in free-standing poled and annealed nanopillars of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-ran-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), and thereby demonstrate that the Curie transition of a properly processed strongly confined ferroelectric polymer is not significantly modified compared to the bulk material, at least down to a mass as small as ca. 560 attograms corresponding to ca. 1500 chains only.
Optical Trapping of Single Fluorescent Molecules at the Detection Spots of Nanoprobes (2002)

We propose a scheme of optical trapping of fluorescent molecules, based on the strongly enhanced optical field due to surface plasmon resonances at laser illuminated metal tips or particles. A semiclassical approach is compared to a quantum-mechanical one. Attractive as well as repulsive forces are possible depending on the wavelength of the optical field. The trapping potential is shown to be strong enough to overcome the Brownian motion in water solution for common optical tweezer light inten-sities. Single molecule resonance Raman spectroscopy probes are particularly well suited for the trap-ping scheme. Finally we propose intracellular probing of the function of biomolecules as an application.
Novel Parallelized Quadrupole/Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Tribrid Mass Spectrometer Improving Proteome Coverage and Peptide Identification Rates (2013)

Proteome coverage and peptide identification rates have historically advanced in line with improvements to the detection limits and acquisition rate of the mass spectrometer. For a linear ion trap/Orbitrap hybrid, the acquisition rate has been limited primarily by the duration of the ion accumulation and analysis steps. It is shown here that the spectral acquisition rate can be significantly improved through extensive parallelization of the acquisition process using a novel mass spectrometer incorporating quadrupole, Orbitrap, and linear trap analyzers. Further, these improvements to the acquisition rate continue to enhance proteome coverage and general experimental throughput.
Synthesis of Dammarane‐Type Triterpenoids with Antiinflammatory Activity in vivo. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.