gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Testicular Viability by Power Doppler Ultrasonography in Experimentally Induced Acute Testicular Torsion (2005)

Preoperative US including power Doppler examination can predict testicular viability in testicular torsion. Echogenicity of nonviable testes was found to be hypoechoic and inhomogeneous. Power Doppler examination showed no or intermittent peripheral blood flow in nonviable testes.
Polyelectrolyte Complex (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Fundamental studies on cationic polymerization. II. Mechanism and theory of inversion temperature (1963)

Abstract Further studies with the isobutene‐aluminum chloride‐methyl chloride system has led to a better understanding of the dependence of degree of polymerization on monomer concentration and on temperature. Polymerizations were also carried out in C 14 ‐labeled methyl chloride to determine solvent incorporation in the polymer. A quantitative kinetic theory has been developed which explains the behaviour of the isobutene–aluminum chloride system in polar solvents such as methyl chloride, vinyl chloride, and ethyl chloride. The rate‐determining step in propagation is polymer activation, presumably by ion separation. The DP of the polymer is determined principally by two competing chain‐breaking processes; namely, chain transfer to monomer and/or chain breaking involving the solvent. The latter reaction becomes important in polar solvents at higher temperatures. The influence of phase separation has also been studied. The results indicate that the polymer molecule precipitates after it has under gone either a chain breaking or a chain termination reaction.
Fair Decision Rules for Binary Classification (2021)

In recent years, machine learning has begun automating decision making in fields as varied as college admissions, credit lending, and criminal sentencing. The socially sensitive nature of some of these applications together with increasing regulatory constraints has necessitated the need for algorithms that are both fair and interpretable. In this paper we consider the problem of building Boolean rule sets in disjunctive normal form (DNF), an interpretable model for binary classification, subject to fairness constraints. We formulate the problem as an integer program that maximizes classification accuracy with explicit constraints on two different measures of classification parity: equality of opportunity and equalized odds. Column generation framework, with a novel formulation, is used to efficiently search over exponentially many possible rules. When combined with faster heuristics, our method can deal with large data-sets. Compared to other fair and interpretable classifiers, our method is able to find rule sets that meet stricter notions of fairness with a modest trade-off in accuracy.
Immobilization of Metal Complex Catalysis (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sensitive and real-time determination of H2O2 release from intact peroxisomes (2002)

Peroxisomes are essential and ubiquitous cell organelles having a key role in mammalian lipid and oxygen metabolism. The presence of flavine oxidases makes them an important intracellular source of H2O2: an obligate product of peroxisomal redox reactions and a key reactive oxygen species. Peroxisomes proliferate in response to external signals triggered by peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor signalling pathways. Peroxisome-derived oxidative stress as a consequence of this proliferation is increasingly recognized to participate in pathologies ranging from carcinogenesis in rodents to alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatosis hepatitis in humans. To date, no sensitive approach exists to record H2O2 turnover of peroxisomes in real time. Here, we introduce a sensitive chemiluminescence method that allows the monitoring of H2O2 generation and degradation in real time in suspensions of intact peroxisomes. Importantly, removal, as well as release of, H2O2 can be assessed at nanomolar, non-toxic concentrations in the same sample. Owing to the kinetic properties of catalase and oxidases, H2O2 forms fast steady-state concentrations in the presence of various peroxisomal substrates. Substrate screening suggests that urate, glycolate and activated fatty acids are the most important sources for H2O2 in rodents. Kinetic studies imply further that peroxisomes contribute significantly to the β-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids, in addition to their essential role in the breakdown of long and very long ones. These observations establish a direct quantitative release of H2O2 from intact peroxisomes. The experimental approach offers new possibilities for functionally studying H2O2 metabolism, substrate transport and turnover in peroxisomes of eukaryotic cells.
Matrix inference and estimation in multi-layer models* (2021)

Abstract We consider the problem of estimating the input and hidden variables of a stochastic multi-layer neural network (NN) from an observation of the output. The hidden variables in each layer are represented as matrices with statistical interactions along both rows as well as columns. This problem applies to matrix imputation, signal recovery via deep generative prior models, multi-task and mixed regression, and learning certain classes of two-layer NNs. We extend a recently-developed algorithm—multi-layer vector approximate message passing, for this matrix-valued inference problem. It is shown that the performance of the proposed multi-layer matrix vector approximate message passing algorithm can be exactly predicted in a certain random large-system limit, where the dimensions N × d of the unknown quantities grow as N → ∞ with d fixed. In the two-layer neural-network learning problem, this scaling corresponds to the case where the number of input features as well as training samples grow to infinity but the number of hidden nodes stays fixed. The analysis enables a precise prediction of the parameter and test error of the learning.
Potential Role of a Novel Vascular Modulator, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), in Cardiovascular Disease : Characterization and Regulation of Local HGF System (1997)

Since endothelial cells (EC) are known to secrete various anti-proliferative and vasodilating factors, an agent that promotes seeding or regeneration of EC may have potential therapeutic value against vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. To seek an endothelium specific growth factor, we have focused on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF is belonged to a member of endothelium specific growth factors, whose mitogenic action on EC was most potent among growth factors. Moreover, the presence of local HGF system (HGF and its specific receptor, c-met) was observed in EC and VSMC of rat and human in vitro as well as in vivo. Production of local HGF production in vascular cells was regulated by various cytokines including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and angiotensin II (Ang II). Furthermore, HGF may be a therapeutic growth factor for the treatment of restenosis after angioplasty and arteriosclerosis obliterance, etc., as gene therapy. From these characteristics of HGF, we hypothesized that HGF might contribute to the protection or repair of vascular endothelial cells. Indeed, serum HGF concentration was significantly correlated with blood pressure, suggesting that HGF secretion might be elevated in response to high blood pressure as a counter-system against endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we discussed that HGF is a member of the endothelium specific growth factors whose serum concentration is significantly associated with blood pressure.
An All-Optical Quantum Gate in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot (2003)

We report coherent optical control of a biexciton (two electron-hole pairs), confined in a single quantum dot, that shows coherent oscillations similar to the excited-state Rabi flopping in an isolated atom. The pulse control of the biexciton dynamics, combined with previously demonstrated control of the single-exciton Rabi rotation, serves as the physical basis for a two-bit conditional quantum logic gate. The truth table of the gate shows the features of an all-optical quantum gate with interacting yet distinguishable excitons as qubits. Evaluation of the fidelity yields a value of 0.7 for the gate operation. Such experimental capability is essential to a scheme for scalable quantum computation by means of the optical control of spin qubits in dots.
Hybrid Spectral Precoding/Windowing for Low-Latency OFDM (2017)

In this paper we present a joint precoded and windowed OFDM system. This new hybrid method provides flexibility to suppress the out-of band (OOB) emission in non-contiguous OFDM systems used in cognitive radio. This method also provides the possibility of shortening the cyclic prefix without sacrificing the OOB emission or increasing the additional interference which is the case in low-latency future systems.
LINGO‐1 negatively regulates TrkB phosphorylation after ocular hypertension (2010)

The antagonism of LINGO-1, a CNS-specific negative regulator of neuronal survival, was shown to promote short-term survival of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in an ocular hypertension model. LINGO-1 antagonists, combined with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), can increase the length of neuron survival through an unclear molecular mechanism. To determine the relationship between LINGO-1 and BDNF/TrkB receptor in neuronal protection, we show here that LINGO-1 forms a receptor complex with TrkB and negatively regulates its activation in the retina after ocular hypertension injury. LINGO-1 antagonist antibody 1A7 or soluble LINGO-1 (LINGO-1-Fc) treatment upregulates phospho-TrkB phosphorylation and leads to RGC survival after high intraocular pressure injury. This neuronal protective effect was blocked by anti-BDNF antibody. LINGO-1 antagonism therefore promotes RGC survival by regulating the BDNF and TrkB signaling pathway after ocular hypertension.
High Quality LTCC Resonator for (2003)

Design and technology of microwave conductor lines embedded in low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) multilayer substrates are summarized with a focus on achieving the highest possible quality factor for a given line inductance. The work was initiated to test the integrability of base station voltage-con- trolled oscillators (VCOs) in ceramic multilayer substrates. This approach leads to a miniaturization of current versions by a factor of 2 to 4. However, base station specifications for phase noise and hence resonator are extremely demanding. Therefore, both the design and the processing technology were optimized. By choosing a twin-line design with two parallel lines vertically separated by a single LTCC layer, factors of 90 and 180 have been achieved for integrated 5.5 nH inductors at frequencies of 640 MHz and 1650 MHz, respectively. Application of this result to VCO mod- ules in standard LTCC technology already yields low phase noise levels, e.g., -136 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset, which is suitable for base station applications. However, further noise reduction is expected from a dedicated high fabrication process that uses conventional via punching and filling steps to replace the ceramic material be- tween the two lines by conductive silver paste. This raises the to 120 and 200, respectively, at the two frequencies and adds extra degrees of freedom to LTCC design for low-loss wireless solutions.
Minimization of corrosion using activated sodium bromide in a medium-size cooling tower (1996)

The cooling tower at the Albermarle Process Development Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, historically used chlorine as a biocide in combination with phosphorus-based corrosion/scale inhibitors. Although this regimen provided biocontrol, sludge and iron buildup was a problem in low-velocity, small cross-sectional areas of piping. A general cleanup of the system was performed in April 1995. This cleanup was followed with a switch to a two-component corrosion inhibitor/dispersant package. Alternate biocides were evaluated at this time. Activated sodium bromide was found to be particularly effective in this tower, which operates at pH {approximately}8.4. Relative to chlorine, the use of activated sodium bromide led to a decrease in general and pitting corrosion on mild steel. The reduced corrosion appears to be due to a combination of both chemical (less attack on passivated metal surfaces) and biological factors (better control of heterotrophic and sessile bacteria). These conclusions are supported by chemical analyses, corrosion meter and coupon data, dip slides, biological activity reaction tests, and visual observations of the tower sump and heat exchanger surfaces.
A Subpopulation of Macrophages Infiltrates Hypertrophic Adipose Tissue and Is Activated by Free Fatty Acids via Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 and JNK-dependent Pathways (2007)

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity, elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs), and increased macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue (AT). Here, we show that FFAs can cause activation of RAW264.7 cells primarily via the JNK signaling cascade and that TLR2 and TLR4 are upstream of JNK and help transduce FFA proinflammatory signals. We also demonstrate that F4/80(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(+) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) have heightened proinflammatory activity compared with F4/80(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(-) bone marrow-derived macrophages and that the proinflammatory activity and JNK phosphorylation of BMDCs, but not bone marrow-derived macrophages, was further increased by FFA treatment. F4/80(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(+) cells were found in AT, and the proportion and number of these cells in AT is increased in ob/ob mice and by feeding wild type mice a high fat diet for 1 and 12 weeks. AT F4/80(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(+) cells express increased inflammatory markers compared with F4/80(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(-) cells, and FFA treatment increased inflammatory responses in these cells. In addition, we found that CD11c expression is increased in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-fed mice and that conditioned medium from FFA-treated wild type BMDCs, but not TLR2/4 DKO BMDCs, can induce insulin resistance in L6 myotubes. Together our results show that FFAs can activate CD11c(+) myeloid proinflammatory cells via TLR2/4 and JNK signaling pathways, thereby promoting inflammation and subsequent cellular insulin resistance.
Registration methods for harmonious integration of real worlds and computer generated objects (1999)

This page is an extension of our paper entitled "Registration methods for harmonious integration of real and computer generated objects". We focus in this paper on the problem of adding computer-generated objects in video sequences. We propose a robust method for viewpoint computation which utilizes 3D knowledge on the scene as well as 2D/2D correspondences of key-points. Next, we extend this method to the case of unknown focal length varying from image to image. Finally, we describe how to solve possible occlusions between the computer generated objects and the real scene. Many videos illustrating these different points are presented here.
Motion management in particle therapy (2018)

In this review article, we introduced the importance of "motion management" in advanced particle therapy. Several publications have reported that organ motion causes dose distribution disturbances due to interplay and blurring effects. Furthermore, motion can result in target dose miss and unwanted dose to healthy structures around the target. To avoid these problems, motion should be assessed and monitored prior and during treatment. In this review article, we give an overview about clinically available motion monitoring systems. Based on the acquired motion information an adequate motion mitigation technique should be chosen. This article reviews the clinical status of motion mitigation techniques like rescanning, gating and tracking. A limited number of centers have now started the treatment of targets in the thorax and abdomen using scanned particle beams. Therefore, the establishment of guidelines for motion monitoring and motion mitigation will be essential in the coming years.
Study of Critical Factors Determining Latchup Sensitivity of ICs Using Emission Microscopy (2003)

Abstract In this paper we discuss the use of Emission Microscopy (EMMI) to examine the events leading to latchup for various Input/Output (I/O) pins of a test chip in order to study the factors that impact latchup sensitivity of VLSI chips. The goal of our study is to identify and characterize the structures that are most prone to latchup in test chips, thus providing countermeasures to be used to improve the overall latchup resistance of commercial chips. As it has been shown in literature [1-3], EMMI can be used to localize areas that are latching up. Here we focus our attention on electrostatic discharge (ESD) into I/O pins, which may lead to latchup inside I/O circuits or in their proximity.
Electrical performance of high speed digital systems on thin film MCM (1997)

Thin film Multichip Modules (MCM-D) provide a high packaging density. The short interconnection lengths on MCM-D enable high speed digital operations. The analysis of the limits of the high speed performance of such a technology is a challenging task Individual nets on the substrate are difficult to contact during operation of the module and measuring nets using hf-probes may very well influence the operating conditions of the module. A possible solution to this problem, especially suited for digital applications, is presented here. It consists in a test methodology focused on the characterization of the interconnection technology itself This solution provides a way to analyze, in a real-world environment, the electrical performance of a module as a function of geometrical, technological and electrical quantities as well as circuit and system parameters. Experimental results, showing a good match with simulations, demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy With Urinary Diversion—Completely Intracorporeal Technique in the Male and Female (2002)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY: Video Reviews: INCONTINENCE/FEMALE UROLOGY/URINARY DIVERSION1 Jan 2002Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy With Urinary Diversion—Completely Intracorporeal Technique in the Male and Female Philip M. Hanno and M.D. Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Philip M. HannoPhilip M. Hanno More articles by this author and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65490-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy With Urinary Diversion—Completely Intracorporeal Technique in the Male and Female." The Journal of Urology, 167(1), p. 439 © 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 167 Issue 1 January 2002 Page: 439 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information Philip M. Hanno More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Fiber-optic signal processing using frequency conversion for optical node (2017)

A concept for optical frequency rearrangement using frequency conversion is presented which is expected to increase the flexibility of optical path and spectral usage in optical nodes. We review experiments of coherent optical subcarrier processing and optical frequency shifter achieved by using highly nonlinear fiber.
Volumetric metamaterials versus impedance surfaces in scattering applications (2021)

Artificially created media allow employing material parameters as additional valuable degrees of freedom in tailoring electromagnetic scattering. In particular, metamaterials with either negative permeability or permittivity allow creating deeply subwavelength resonant structures with relatively high scattering cross-sections. However, the equivalence principle allows replacing volumetric structures with properly designed curved impedance surfaces, ensuring the same electromagnetic properties. Here, we examine this statement from a practical standpoint, considering two structures, having a dipolar electric resonance at the same frequency. The first realization is based on arrays of inductively loaded electric dipoles printed on stacked circuit boards (a volumetric metamaterial), while the second structure utilizes a 4-wire spiral on a spherical surface (surface impedance realization). An intermediate conclusion is that the surface implementation tends to outperform the volumetric counterparts in the scenario when a single resonance is involved. However, in the case where multiple resonances are overlapping and lossy materials are involved, volumetric realization can have an advantage. The discussed structures are of significant importance to the field of electrically small antennas, superdirective antennas, and superscatterers, which find use in wireless communications and radar applications, to name just a few.
Motility and invasive potency of murine T‐lymphoma cells: effect of microtubule inhibitors. (1994)

ESb and BW-O-Li1 are T-lymphoma cell lines that form metastases in various organs after injection into syngeneic mice. In vitro, both cell lines invade through a fibroblastic monolayer, but ESb cells do so much slower than BW-O-Li1. By the use of Fourier analysis of cell outlines, we can relate this difference in invasiveness to a difference in cell motility: ESb cells do not perform any conspicuous shape change, whereas BW-O-Li1 cells are actively protruding and retracting large pseudopodia. However, the low-motile ESb cells become as motile and deformable as BW-O-Li1 cells when they have eventually invaded under a fibroblastic monolayer. This indicates that ESb cells do have inherent capability for shape change. Treatment of ESb cells with the microtubule disrupting agent nocodazole concomitantly increases their shape change intensity, and their invasion rate through fibroblast monolayers. On the contrary, the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol inhibits both motility and invasion of BW-O-Li1 cells. Our observations suggest that the microtubule network can repress invasion-bound motility of lymphoid cells.