gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Trisubstituted Olefins via Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diffusion Control of Organic Cathode Materials in Lithium Metal Battery Using a Graphite Modified Separator (2020)

Energy storage technology is a critical research area for the success of portable electronic devices and electrical transportation. Such applications need affordable, durable, safe and environmentally friendly battery materials with high energy density. Organic cathode materials are currently promising candidates because they fulfill most of these requirements for an active battery material 1 . However, they usually suffer from a major limitation, namely their solubility in organic electrolytes 2 . Even a very low solubility translates into a decreased capacity upon cycling due to the loss of active material. Among organic cathode materials, conjugated carbonyl compounds have been intensively scrutinized because of a combination of desirable properties, such as low cost, good theoretical capacity, reversible oxidative behavior, high discharge potential and commercial availability. For example, 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) is an inexpensive red pigment that is widely investigated as an active material for energy devices. However, Li-PTCDA batteries suffer from poor and irreversible cycling stability due to the dissolution in the electrolyte. Even more problematic, the dissolved PTCDA migrates through the porous separator and deposits on the anode surface causing irreversible damage 3 . In order to solve this problem, chemical modifications such as polymerisation, functionalization and immobilization on carbon materials have improved cycling stability. However, these modified cathode materials, which are often prepared by complex processes, contain considerable amounts of inactive mass that cause a decreases of the energy density. We developed a Janus membrane, which consists of two layers – a commercial polypropylene separator (Celgard TM ) and a 300-600 nm layer of exfoliated graphite that was applied by a simple and environmentally friendly process. The submicron graphite layer is only permeable to Li + and it drastically improves the battery performance, as measured by capacity retention and high coulombic efficiency, even at 2C rates. Post-mortem analysis of the battery indicates that the new membrane protects the anode against corrosion, and cathode dissolution is reduced. This graphite-based membrane is expected to greatly expedite the deployment of lithium batteries using organic moities as active materials. References [1] Armand, M. &amp; Tarascon, J. M. Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008). [2] Zhao, Q., Zhu, Z. &amp; Chen, J. Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries. Adv. Mater. 29, 1–25 (2017). [3] Wang, J., Wang, X., Li, H., Yang, X. &amp; Zhang, Y. Intrinsic factors attenuate the performance of anhydride organic cathode materials of lithium battery. J. Electroanal. Chem. 773, 22–26 (2016).
Dosimetric precision of an ion beam tracking system (2010)

The beam tracking system has been successfully integrated. Full functionality has been validated dosimetrically in experiments with several detector types including biological cell systems.
<title>Programmable ultrasound scan conversion on a media-processor-based system</title> (2001)

Scan conversion is an important ultrasonic processing stage that maps the acquired polar coordinate data to Cartesian coordinates for display. This requires computationally expensive square root and arctangent calculations for geometric transformation. Previously, we developed an algorithm for implementing scan conversion for gray-scale images using pre-computed lookup tables. In a clinical setting, however, interactive changes of scan conversion parameters, e.g., zoom and sector angle, require these table to be recomputed often. In this paper, we describe a fast lookup table generation algorithm and its implementation on Hitachi/Equator's MAP-CA mediaprocessor architecture. In addition, we have extended the gray-scale scan conversion algorithm for color images, which requires interpolation between angular data. For a 600x420 output image, gray- scale scan conversion takes 12 ms while color scan conversion takes 20.3 ms on a 300 MHz MAP-CA. Interactive parameter changes take 102.5 ms for table regeneration. We believe that this high performance is an important step towards making software-based ultrasound programmable systems using mediaprocessors a reality. Such a system would provide more flexibility and improved cost/performance in the future than the existing hardwired solutions.
Conducting Nanopaper: A Carbon-Free Cathode Platform for Li–O2 Batteries (2017)

For a lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery air electrode, we have developed a new all-in-one platform for designing a porous, carbon-free conducting nanopaper (CNp), which has dual functions as catalyst and current-collector, composed of one-dimensional conductive nanowires bound by a chitin binder. The CNp platform is fabricated by a liquid diffusion-induced crystallization and vacuum filtration methods. Employing less than 1 wt % chitin to connect the conductive skeleton, pores and active sites for reactions have become maximized in self-standing CNp. The carbon-free CNp enables the Li–O2 air electrode to be more stably operated compared to carbon nanofibers and other CNps bound by PVDF and PMMA; side reactions are largely suppressed on the CNp. The versatile chitin is highlighted for diverse conducting nanopapers that can be used in various applications.
Involvement and relative importance of at least two distinct mechanisms in the effects of 2‐mercaptoethanol on murine lymphocytes in culture (1989)

2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) exerts several effects on murine lymphocytes in culture that might explain its ability to enhance survival and growth of these cells. The uptake of the essential amino acid cystine and consequently the maintenance of intracellular glutathione levels are enhanced by 2-ME. Furthermore, 2-ME (even in the disulfide form) causes lymphocytes to release thiols into the culture medium. These effects might protect the cells from oxidative damage. The additional cystine provided by treatment of lymphocyte cultures with 2-ME might also allow adequate protein synthesis to support survival and/or growth. This study was conducted to assess the relative importance of the antioxidant and protein synthesis effects of 2-ME. As expected, 2-ME increased cystine uptake at all concentrations that enhanced growth and survival, but four nonthiol antioxidants that enhanced growth and/or survival either did not substantially affect cystine uptake or decreased it and did not affect the release of cystine or its products. The results presented here demonstrate that antioxidant protection is necessary and sufficient for lymphocyte survival and that cystine uptake in untreated lymphocytes is sufficient to support the protein synthesis needed for survival and limited growth. However, we also noted that concentrations of 2-ME that stimulated maximal growth more than doubled protein synthesis as measured at 8 hr. Thus the portion of the effects of 2-ME not accounted for by antioxidant action could be accounted for by enhanced protein synthesis.
A New Route to Quantum-Scale Structures through a Novel Enhanced Germanium Diffusion Mechanism (2021)

This project sought to develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms underlying a newly observed enhanced germanium (Ge) diffusion process in silicon germanium (SiGe) semiconductor nanostructures during thermal oxidation. Using a combinati on of oxidation - diffusion experiments, high resolution imaging, and theoretical modeling, a model for the enhanced Ge diffusion mechanism was proposed . Additionally, a nanofabrication approach utilizing this enhanced Ge diffusion mechanism was shown to be applicable to arbitrary 3D shapes, leading to the fabrication of stacked silicon quantum dots embedded in SiGe nanopillars. A new wet etch - based method for preparing 3D nanostructures for high - resolution imaging free of obscuring material or damage was als o developed. These results enable a new method for the controlled and scalable fabrication of on - chip silicon nanostructures with sub - 10 nm dimensions needed for next generation microelectronics, including low energy electronics, quantum computing, sensors , and integrated photonics.
A Low Power Superconductor-To-Optoelectronic Interface (2019)

We present a ultrahigh-impedance superconducting thermal switch that acts as a superconductor-to-optoelectronic interface. We demonstrated the generation of photons in a cryogenic photonic LED from a low-voltage input, detecting those photons with a waveguide-coupled detector. © 2019 The Author(s)
9. AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer as a Therapeutic Approach for Familial LCAT Deficiency (2015)

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) is a plasma enzyme secreted by the liver and responsible for esterification of free cholesterol to cholesteryl ester in the blood compartment. Familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations of the LCAT gene and is characterized by extremely low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), anemia, corneal opacities, and chronic progressive renal disease leading to end-stage kidney disease as early as the third decade of life. Currently, there is no specific treatment for FLD. The fact that patients with even very low levels of plasma LCAT activity do not develop kidney disease make FLD an attractive candidate for liver-directed gene therapy with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. LCAT is activated by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and this interaction is highly species specific. Therefore, LCAT KO mice were crossed with human apoA-I transgenic (hApoAITg) mice in order to facilitate experiments involving expression of human LCAT. LCAT KO/hApoAI transgenic mice received a single IP injection of AAV8 encoding human LCAT in a dose range of 5e10 GC/kg to 5e11 GC/kg. HDL-C increased in a dose-dependent fashion, from 32 mg/dL in the control group to 103 mg/dL at the dose of 1.5e11 GC/kg and 473 mg/dL at the dose of 5e11 GC/kg. Plasma% cholesterol ester, a sensitive indicator of LCAT activity, was normalized at the low dose of 1.5e11 GC/kg. Thus, we demonstrate that low doses of AAV8-hLCAT provide stable expression of the LCAT enzyme and correct dyslipidemia in a ‘humanized’ mouse model of LCAT deficiency. Studies designed to demonstrate prevention of kidney disease in this mouse model are ongoing. These proof-of-concept studies provide a foundation for further development of AAV-based gene therapy for familial LCAT deficiency.
First-Principles Investigations of TiGe/Ge Interface and Recipes to Reduce the Contact Resistance (2017)

The metal-semiconductor interface is fundamental to any semiconductor device and the success of advanced technology nodes critically depends upon the minimization of the contact resistance at the interface. In this paper, we calculate the electronic structure of a metal-semiconductor interface (TiGe/Ge contact) within the framework of first-principles density functional theory simulations. We report the modulation of the Schottky barrier height with respect to the different phases of TiGe metal and different crystallographic orientations of Ge substrate. We further compute the I-V characteristics of the TiGe/Ge contact with nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, using a two-terminal device configuration. The calculated transmission spectrum allows us to extract the contact resistance at the metal-semiconductor interface. Furthermore, the onset of Ohmic contact for p-doped TiGe/Ge interface is identified by studying the I-V characteristics as a function of increasing active carrier concentration.We find that a doping concentration of 1e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sup> is sufficient to transform the Schottky contact into Ohmic and thereby achieve a least possible contact resistance at the interfaces. Our paper thus provides useful physical insights into the nanoscale details of the TiGe/Ge interfaces and can guide further process development to minimize the contact resistance.
Printer models and the direct binary search algorithm (2002)

We incorporate a higher order measurement-based model for printer dot interactions within the iterative direct binary search (DBS) halftoning algorithm. We also present an efficient strategy for evaluating the change in computational cost as the search progresses. Experimental results are shown which demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.
Supplementary Data from Clusterin Facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB Degradation to Enhance NF-κB Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Data from Clusterin Facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB Degradation to Enhance NF-κB Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells
High-k Dielectrics and Metal Gates for Future Generation Memory Devices (2009)

The requirements and development of high-k dielectric films for application in storage cells of future generation flash and Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) devices are reviewed. Dielectrics with k-value in the 9-30 range are studied as insulators between charge storage layers and control gates in flash devices. For this application, large band gaps (&gt; 6 eV) and band offsets are required, as well as low trap densities. Materials studied include aluminates and scandates. For DRAM metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, aggressive scaling of the equivalent oxide thickness (with targets down to 0.3 nm) drives the research towards dielectrics with k-values &gt; 50. Due to the high aspect ratio of MIMCap structures, highly conformal deposition techniques are needed, triggering a substantial effort to develop Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) processes for the deposition of metal gates and high-k dielectrics. Materials studied include Sr and Ba-based perovskites, with SrTiO3 as one of the most promising candidates, as well as tantalates, titanates and niobates.
Front-Affinitätschromatographie im Mikromaßstab mit massenspektrometrischer Detektion: eine neue Methode zum Screening von Substanzbibliotheken (1998)

In einem Lauf können die Bindungskonstanten Kd aller aktiven, in Sub-Mikrogramm-Mengen vorliegenden Verbindungen einer Ligandenbibliothek bestimmt werden. Dazu wird das Ligandengemisch kontinuierlich auf eine Säule mit immobilisiertem Rezeptor gegeben und das Eluat Elektrospray-massenspektrometrisch analysiert. Aus dem erhaltenen Affinitätschromatogramm (siehe Bild) können die Durchbruchvolumina der einzelnen Verbindungen abgelesen und daraus die Kd-Werte berechnet werden.
Double Modification of Adenovirus Fiber with RGD and Polylysine Motifs Improves Coxsackievirus–Adenovirus Receptor-Independent Gene Transfer Efficiency (2002)

Adenoviral vectors based on serotype 5 (Ad5) have been widely used to deliver therapeutic genes to different organs and tissues. However, many tissues are poorly infected with Ad5 because of low-level expression of its primary receptor, coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Two motifs, RGD and polylysine (pK7), have been shown to enhance Ad5 infection via CAR-independent pathways when incorporated into fiber separately. Because the two motifs bind to different cell surface proteins (RGD motif binds to integrins, and pK7 binds to heparan sulfate-containing receptors), we hypothesized that the two motifs function additively to improve gene transfer efficiency. In this study, we sought to improve infectivity of Ad5 by incorporating both RGD and pK7 motifs into fiber. We created an Ad5 vector containing an RGD motif in the HI loop and a pK7 motif at the C terminus of fiber (Ad5.RGD.pK7). Compared with unmodified and singly modified Ad5 vectors Ad5.RGD and Ad5.pK7, the doubly modified Ad5 demonstrated the highest infectivity in both CAR-positive and CAR-negative cells. The enhanced infectivity appeared to be mediated by additive effects of the two motifs. More importantly, Ad5.RGD.pK7 lost the natural CAR-dependent pathway while employing novel targeting mechanisms. This strategy thus may be used to overcome CAR deficiency and to achieve vector retargeting.
Humidity Penetration Impact on Integrated Circuit Performance and Reliability (2019)

In this paper, we study the impact of humidity penetration into ICs (i.e., 14 nm SOI digital ring oscillators and 22 nm SOI mixed-signal LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillators) using controlled breaches of the chip barrier. Based on data collected from more than 460 samples, we found that the humidity penetration causes the performance of the circuit to be reduced (1-3%) because of the BEOL capacitance increase, while no detectable impact on the overall circuit lifetime is observed because of FEOL BTI and GOX mechanisms dominance.
Lagrange/Vandermonde MUI eliminating user codes for quasi-synchronous CDMA in unknown multipath (2000)

A family of codes for low-complexity quasi-synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) systems is developed in order to eliminate multiuser interference (MUI) completely in the presence of unknown and even rapidly varying multipath. Judiciously designed precomputable symbol-periodic user codes, which we term Lagrange or Vandermonde, and the corresponding linear receivers offer a generalization of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which are especially valuable when deep-fading, carrier frequency errors, and Doppler effects are present. The flexibility inherent to the designed transceivers is exploited to derive transmission strategies that cope with major impairments of wireless CDMA channels. The symbol-periodic code design is also generalized to include the class of aperiodic spreading and orthogonal multirate codes for variable bit rate users. Performance analysis and simulations results illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme over competing alternatives.
Soyasapogenol-A targets CARF and results in suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in p53 compromised cancer cells (2020)

We screened some phytochemicals for cytotoxic activity to human cancer cells and identified Soyasapogenol-A (Snol-A) as a potent candidate anti-cancer compound. Interestingly, Soyasapogenin-I (Snin-I) was ineffective. Viability assays endorsed toxicity of Snol-A to a wide variety of cancer cells. Of note, wild type p53 deficient cancer cells (SKOV-3 and Saos-2) also showed potent growth inhibitory effect. Molecular analyses demonstrated that it targets CARF yielding transcriptional upregulation of p21<sup>WAF1</sup> (an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases) and downregulation of its effector proteins, CDK2, CDK-4, Cyclin A and Cyclin D1. Targeting of CARF by Snol-A also caused (i) downregulation of pATR-Chk1 signaling leading to caspase-mediated apoptosis and (ii) inactivation of β-catenin/Vimentin/hnRNPK-mediated EMT signaling resulting in decrease in migration and invasion of cancer cells. In in vivo assays, Snol-A caused suppression of tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft model and inhibited lung metastasis in tail vein injection model. Taken together, we demonstrate that Snol-A is a natural inhibitor of CARF and may be recruited as a potent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis compound for treatment of p53-deficient aggressive malignancies.
Epicardial mapping of the onset of ventricular tachycardia initiated by programmed stimulation in the canine heart with chronic infarction. (1979)

The initial beats of ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced by programmed stimulation (PS) of the heart have frequently been observed to differ in QRS configuration from the subsequent uniform QRS complexes of tachycardia. The transient nature of these initial beats has made their study difficult during epicardial mapping with conventional, hand-held recording electrodes. Twenty-four dogs were studied with PS 1-10 months after coronary ligation. Twenty-six epicardial electrograms were recorded simultaneously during PS. The data were digitized for computer generation of isochronic maps for any desired beat. Three patterns of initiation were observed in episodes of tachycardia in which the initial beats differed from the subsequent beats of VT (11 of 18 runs of VT). Most frequently, the initial beats of VT originated near the pacing electrode before moving to a stable infarction zone location. Less frequently, the initial beats were due to transient reentry in the bundle branches or a transient shifting of early breakthrough sites in the infarction zone.
Role of DNA-binding in the cytotoxicity of an anthracycline, R20X2 and its morpholino analog, MX2. (1989)

3'-Deamino-3'-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycarminomycin (MX2), a morpholino anthracycline derived from 13-deoxo-10-hydroxycarminomycin (R20X2) was 16 times less cytotoxic than R20X2 against cultured P388 leukemia cells. The reduced cytotoxicity of MX2 was not explainable by intracellular or intranuclear concentration of the drug or by its DNA-intercalating activity. Binding of MX2 and R20X2 to DNA was measured, after isolating the DNA fraction from an incubation mixture of the drugs with P388 cells or with calf thymus DNA. The amount of R20X2 bound to the DNA was obviously larger than that of MX2, and was dependent on incubation time. These data suggest that the poor binding activity of MX2 to DNA contributes to its reduced cytotoxicity.
Modulation by conagenin of inflammatory mediator productions in mice given 5-fluorouracil. (1997)

The effect of conagenin (CNG) on the production of the inflammatory mediators induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in mice was investigated. We found that the production of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in whole spleen cell cultures from mice given a sublethal dose of 5-Fu was induced in the week after treatment, and subsequently the production of IL-4 and IL-IO was induced. The administration of 5-Fu and CNG suppressed the production of IL-1 alpha and PGE2, and induced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 earlier than 5-Fu alone did. In cultures of cells from Peyer's patches, IL-1 alpha production was suppressed by CNG administration. The effect of CNG was also demonstrated in vitro. CNG at 0.001 to 1.0 microgram/ml suppressed IL-1 alpha and PGE2 production in cultures of adherent peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and cells from Peyer's patches of mice given 5-Fu. IL-10 production in cultures of non-adherent splenic cells was enhanced by CNG. These results indicate that CNG modulates inflammatory responses induced by 5-Fu through production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10.
REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN DEVELOPING RADIOLABELED ANTIBODIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC ANDTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS (1994)

s: Fifth Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Session X: Reengineered Antibodies: PDF Only