gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Helicobacter Pylori to the Antibacterial Activity of Manuka Honey (1994)

Honey is a traditional remedy for dyspepsia, and is still used for this by some medical practitioners although there is no rational basis for its use. The finding that Helicobacter pylori is probably the causative agent in many cases of dyspepsia has raised the possibility that the therapeutic action of honey may be due to its antibacterial properties. Consequently, the sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori to honey was tested, using isolates from biopsies of gastric ulcers. It was found that all five isolates tested were sensitive to a 20% (v/v) solution of manuka honey in an agar well diffusion assay, but none showed sensitivity to a 40% solution of a honey in which the antibacterial activity was due primarily to its content of hydrogen peroxide. Assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration by inclusion of manuka honey in the agar showed that all seven isolates tested had visible growth over the incubation period of 72 h prevented completely by the presence of 5% (v/v) honey.
Multiphoton Ionization of Nitrobenzene in Non‐Aqueous Solutions: Characterization of the Cation and Ion‐Molecule Chemistry (1991)

The phenoxy cation has been generated in polar and nonpolar solutions by multiphoton ionization of nitrobenzene using nanosecond pulses of 266 nm and 355 nm light. The ions have been characterized by pulsed conductivity (ion mobility) measurements and transient absorption spectroscopy. The involvement of the phenoxy ion in ion‐molecule chemistry with either neutral solute or solvent molecules has also been observed and the photochemical products and quantum yields of the ion‐molecule products are presented and compared with the neutral photochemistry results.
Structural and Mechanistic Features of Protein O Glycosylation Linked to CD8+ T-Cell Apoptosis (2006)

CD8+ T-cell apoptosis is essential for the contraction phase of the immune response, yet the initiating signals and precise pathways involved are unresolved. The ST3Gal-I sialyltransferase is a candidate mechanistic component and catalyzes sialic acid addition to core 1 O-glycans during protein O glycosylation. ST3Gal-I inactivation or enzymatic removal of its product renders CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, susceptible to apoptosis by differential cross-linking of O-glycoproteins in the absence of interleukin-2 and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. This results in caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine externalization prior to cell death. We further show that ST3Gal-I function is regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism operating distal to Golgi core 2 O glycosylation and is invariably linked to CD8+ T-cell contraction following viral (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) infection and bacterial (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) antigen immunization. The mechanism does not involve the ST3Gal-I substrate CD43 or core 2 O-glycan induction and overcomes the ability of Bcl-2 to inhibit the contraction phase in vivo. Loss of ST3Gal-I function further reduces Bim-deficient CD8+ T-cell accumulation without diminishing apoptotic sensitivity. We propose that an endogenous lectin activates an apoptotic pathway constructed in CD8+ T cells following TCR stimulation and enables contraction upon attenuation of immune signaling.
Genetic association of adrenergic receptor alpha 2A with obesity and type 2 diabetes (2013)

ADRA2A genetic polymorphisms are mainly associated with obesity and possibly with T2D in a Swedish population.
Improved Analysis of the BMGL Keystream Generator (2001)

In this paper we give an improved security analysis of the NESSIE submission BMGL. The new analysis improves also asymptotically some of the theoretical results on which the BMGL keystream generator is based. We also give an alternative, bootstrapped version of the generator which is implementation-wise very close to the original generator and offers even stronger provable security properties.
Geranium Photodiodes for Hard Xray Detection (2022)

This report summarizes the investigations engaged at UC Davis under subcontract B632083, as related to the LLNL-LDRD Project “High-Speed X-Ray Imager Arrays.” The first section entails work done within the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department. The purpose of the work done so far is to understand photodiode design and which parameters are conducive to the design goals, which are: I: Maximize the detector quantum efficiency. The device must have a quantum efficiency of roughly 5% at 80 keV. II: Minimize temporal response. Collection time is limited to 1ns. All charge must be collected in that time. III: Minimize dark current. In this document, various photodiode parameters and designs are explored, and their impact on these goals are tabulated. In addition to these, various instruments that have been constructed for either testing these parameters or helping teammates with their experiments. The second section entails work done with the Materials Science Engineering (MSE) Department. In accordance with the proposed development of the germanium ROIC backside imagers, a critical step in the micromachining of these devices was the removal of the substrate on which the PIN junctions were epitaxially grown. A common technique for the micromachining of silicon wafers is the use of chemical etching alongside an “etch-stop” layer. In this technique, a chemical etchant will remove material until it reaches the etch-stop layer, at which the etch rate will drop significantly. This high selectivity (ratio of etch rates) allows any unevenness in the initial etching to be effectively smoothed away in the event that part of the wafer surface reaches the etch-stop layer sooner than another. An initial literature review found a paper by Divan et al. in which the authors used ion implantation to dope germanium wafers and achieve selectivity on the order of 100, sufficient for a reliable etch-stop.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Anticancer Activity of a Novel Selective CYP17A1 Inhibitor in Preclinical Models of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2: Supplementary AR transactivation and PARP results.&lt;/p&gt;
944. CMV Peak Viral Load, Recurrence, Duration, and Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients (2021)

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection continues to cause morbidity in kidney transplant recipients, despite prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy. Predictors of poor outcomes remain incompletely characterized. We questioned whether markers of CMV replication (CMV peak viral load, recurrent episodes, or duration of CMV DNAemia) are associated with adverse outcomes in the current era. Methods We studied 605 people who underwent kidney transplant at Johns Hopkins University (2010 – 2018). Mean follow-up was 45.5 months. The average age was 51.85 years and 39.7% were female. Donor-seropositive, recipient seronegative (D+/R-) patients received valganciclovir 900 mg/day for 6 months, while R+ patients received valganciclovir 450 mg/day for 3 months. CMV recurrence was defined as CMV DNAemia after two undetectable CMV PCR’s. Outcomes of acute rejection, graft failure, and death were evaluated in univariate analysis; p values were calculated by Fisher’s exact test. Results Peak CMV viral load was not associated with any outcomes (Table 1). There was a trend of increased graft failure in people who had long duration ( &amp;gt;6 month) DNAemia (Table 2). More than two episodes of CMV reactivation was associated with graft failure and rejection (Table 3). Conclusion CMV reactivation is associated with kidney rejection and failure in univariate models. Multivariate analyses and longitudinal modeling will provide increased data upon which to better instruct preventative strategies. Acknowledgments Funding for the research study was provided by Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA Disclosures Robin K. Avery, MD, Aicuris (Grant/Research Support)Astellas (Grant/Research Support)Chimerix (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Oxford Immunotec (Grant/Research Support)Qiagen (Grant/Research Support)Takeda/Shire (Grant/Research Support) Yuexin Tang, PhD, JnJ (Other Financial or Material Support, Spouse’s employment)Merck &amp; Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Kieren Marr, MD, Merck (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)
Optical flow estimation using high frame rate sequences (2002)

Gradient-based optical flow estimation methods such as the Lucas-Kanade (1981) method work well for scenes with small displacements but fail when objects move with large displacements. Hierarchical matching-based methods do not suffer from large displacements but are less accurate. By utilizing the high speed imaging capability of CMOS image sensors, the frame rate can be increased to obtain more accurate optical flow with wide range of scene velocities in real time. Further, by integrating the memory and processing with the sensor on the same chip, optical flow estimation using high frame rate sequences can be performed without unduly increasing the off-chip data rate. The paper describes a method for obtaining high accuracy optical flow at a standard frame rate using high frame rate sequences. The Lucas-Kanade method is used to obtain optical flow estimates at high frame rate, which are then accumulated and refined to obtain optical flow estimates at a standard frame rate. The method is tested on video sequences synthetically generated by perspective warping. The results demonstrate significant improvements in optical flow estimation accuracy with moderate memory and computational power requirements.
A Voltage Vector Residual Estimation Method Based on Current Path Tracking for T-Type Inverter Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis (2021)

This article proposes a current path tracking approach that uses a current path state to correlate device status and operating mode of an inverter under normal and abnormal conditions. Based on graph theory, a node-path modeling method is proposed and applied in the T-type inverter topologies. The model reflects system state transitions, given healthy or faulted transistors. Effective conduction paths and node potentials can be derived with the model to indicate circuit faults. In addition, a hierarchical diagnosis method is proposed for single-transistor open-circuit (OC) faults based on estimated output voltage vectors. The diagnosis involves two steps. First, an OC fault can be detected by following a residual between an actual voltage vector and its reference voltage vector calculated from duty ratios of intended current paths. Next, faulty transistors sharing similar features can be distinguished by adopting a current path state reconfiguration approach. Diagnosis variables can be obtained from the controller, and their errors, because of sampling, signal delay, and dead time, are taken into account to avoid misdiagnosis. Experimental results verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Promotion of seminomatous tumors by targeted overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in mouse testis. (2001)

We show with transgenic mice that targeted overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in undifferentiated spermatogonia promotes malignant testicular tumors, which express germ-cell markers. The tumors are invasive and contain aneuploid cells, but no distant metastases have been found. By several histological, molecular, and histochemical characteristics, the GDNF-induced tumors mimic classic seminomas in men, representing a useful experimental model for testicular germ-cell tumors. The data also show that a deregulated stimulation of a normal proto-oncogene by its ligand can be an initiative event in carcinogenesis.
The Politics of China (1997)

Bringing together substantial essays by leading scholars, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to, and analysis of, the politics of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to the mid-1990s. The first four chapters are drawn from The Cambridge History of China, Volumes 14 and 15. The last two chapters have been written specifically for this paperback edition. Richard Baum's chapter covers the events of the 1980s, and Joseph Fewsmith's concluding essay extends the second edition's coverage into the 1990s. The particular strength of the volume is the depth of expert knowledge provided for each extraordinary political era; each period is covered by a specialist on the events of that time. The volume should serve equally well for the general reader with an interest in China and for students, as well as acting as a valuable reference for specialists.
Leakage current reduction in CMOS VLSI circuits by input vector control (2004)

The first part of this paper describes two runtime mechanisms for reducing the leakage current of a CMOS circuit. In both cases, it is assumed that the system or environment produces a "sleep" signal that can be used to indicate that the circuit is in a standby mode. In the first method, the "sleep" signal is used to shift in a new set of external inputs and pre-selected internal signals into the circuit with the goal of setting the logic values of all of the internal signals so as to minimize the total leakage current in the circuit. This minimization is possible because the leakage current of a CMOS gate is strongly dependent on the input combination applied to its inputs. In the second method, nMOS and pMOS transistors are added to some of the gates in the circuit to increase the controllability of the internal signals of the circuit and decrease the leakage current of the gates using the "stack effect". This is, however, done carefully so that the minimum leakage is achieved subject to a delay constraint for all input-output paths in the circuit. In both cases, Boolean satisfiability is used to formulate the problems, which are subsequently solved by employing a highly efficient SAT solver. Experimental results on the combinational circuits in the MCNC91 benchmark suite demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the leakage current in combinational circuits by an average of 25% with only a 5% delay penalty. The second part of this paper presents a design technique for applying the minimum leakage input to a sequential circuit. The proposed method uses the built-in scan-chains in a VLSI circuit to drive it with the minimum leakage vector when it enters the sleep mode. The use of these scan registers eliminates the area and delay overhead of the additional circuitry that would otherwise be needed to apply the minimum leakage vector to the circuit. Experimental results on the sequential circuits in the MCNC91 benchmark suit show that, by using the proposed method, it is possible to reduce the leakage by an average of 25% with practically no delay penalty.
Ultra-Dense Quantum Communication Using Integrated Photonic Architecture: First Annual Report (2011)

Abstract : The goal of this program is to establish a fundamental information-theoretic understand of quan- tum secure communication and to devise a practical, scalable implementation of quantum key distribution protocols in an integrated photonic architecture. We report our progress on experimental and theoretical aspects.
Structure-based specificity mapping of secreted aspartic proteases of Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis using peptidomimetic inhibitors and homology modeling (2006)

Secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) of pathogenic Candida spp. represent a specific target for antifungal drug development. We synthesized a series of peptidomimetic inhibitors with different isosteric groups and modifications at individual positions and tested them with purified Saps from C. albicans (Sap2p), C. tropicalis (Sapt1p), and C. parapsilosis (Sapp1p). The kinetic parameters indicated that all three proteases prefer binding of inhibitors containing bulky hydrophobic residues between positions P3 and P3'. The most divergent specificity was found for Sapp1p. The sequence alignment of Sap2p, Sapt1p, and Sapp1p, and homology modeling of Sapp1p with the crystal structure of Sapt1p and the complex of Sap2p with a peptidomimetic inhibitor showed that the overall folds of Sap2p, Sapt1p, and Sapp1p are similar. However, the N- and C-terminal loops formed by disulfide bonds between residues 47-53 and 258-292 are significantly shorter in Sapp1p, and a unique insertion following Tyr 129 in Sapp1p results in the formation of a loop that can interact with inhibitor residues. These Sapp1p structural differences might lead to its altered susceptibility to inhibition.
The Rickettsia conorii Adr1 Interacts with the C-Terminus of Human Vitronectin in a Salt-Sensitive Manner (2017)

Spotted fever group (SFG) <i>Rickettsia</i> species are inoculated into the mammalian bloodstream by hematophagous arthropods. Once in the bloodstream and during dissemination, the survival of these pathogens is dependent upon the ability of these bacteria to evade serum-borne host defenses until a proper cellular host is reached. <i>Rickettsia conorii</i> expresses an outer membrane protein, Adr1, which binds the complement inhibitory protein vitronectin to promote resistance to the anti-bacterial effects of the terminal complement complex. Adr1 is predicted to consist of 8 transmembrane beta sheets that form a membrane-spanning barrel with 4 peptide loops exposed to the extracellular environment. We previously demonstrated that Adr1 derivatives containing either loop 3 or 4 are sufficient to bind Vn and mediate resistance to serum killing when expressed at the outer-membrane of <i>E. coli</i>. By expressing <i>R. conorii</i> Adr1 on the surface of non-pathogenic <i>E. coli</i>, we demonstrate that the interaction between Adr1 and vitronectin is salt-sensitive and cannot be interrupted by addition of heparin. Additionally, we utilized vitroenctin-derived peptides to map the minimal Adr1/vitronectin interaction to the C-terminal region of vitronectin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that specific charged amino acid residues located within loops 3 and 4 of Adr1 are critical for mediating resistance to complement-mediated killing. Interestingly, Adr1 mutants that were no longer sufficient to mediate resistance to serum killing still retained the ability to bind to Vn, suggesting that Adr1-Vn interactions responsible for resistance to serum killing are more complex than originally hypothesized. In summary, elucidation of the mechanisms governing Adr1-Vn binding will be useful to specifically target this protein-protein interaction for therapeutic intervention.
Electrochemical systems and methods (2023)

Disclosed herein are ion exchange membranes, electrochemical systems, and methods that relate to various configurations of the ion exchange membranes and other components of the electrochemical cell.
NOMA-Based Optimal Multiplexing for Multiple Downlink Service Channels to Maximize Integrated System Throughput (2020)

We propose a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based optimal multiplexing method for multiple downlink service channels to maximize the integrated system throughput. In the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, the support of various wireless communication services such as massive machine-type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) is expected. These services will serve different numbers of terminals and have different requirements regarding the spectrum efficiency and fairness among terminals. Furthermore, different operators may have different policies regarding the overall spectrum efficiency and fairness among services. Therefore, efficient radio resource allocation is essential during the multiplexing of multiple downlink service channels considering these requirements. The proposed method achieves better system performance than the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA)-based multiplexing method thanks to the wider transmission bandwidth per terminal and inter-terminal interference cancellation using a successive interference canceller (SIC). Computer simulation results reveal that the effectiveness of the proposed method is especially significant when the system prioritizes the fairness among terminals (including fairness among services).
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Commercialization, Research, and Challenges (2009)

World wide interest in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has increased dramatically over the last ∼20 years as indicated in part by the tremendous growth in attendance at the International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Data from Human CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Specific for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Localize to Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Target a Required Oncogenic Domain (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells likely play key roles in antitumor immune responses, most immuno-oncology studies have been limited to CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell responses due to multiple technical barriers and a lack of shared antigens across patients. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in 80% of cases. Because MCPyV oncoproteins are shared across most patients with MCC, it is unusually feasible to identify, characterize, and potentially augment tumor-specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Here, we report the identification of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell responses against six MCPyV epitopes, one of which included a conserved, essential viral oncogenic domain that binds/disables the cellular retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. We found that this epitope (WED&lt;sub&gt;LT209-228&lt;/sub&gt;) could be presented by three population-prevalent HLA class II alleles, making it a relevant target in 64% of virus-positive MCC patients. Cellular staining with a WED&lt;sub&gt;LT209-228&lt;/sub&gt;–HLA-DRB1*0401 tetramer indicated that specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells were detectable in 78% (14 of 18) of evaluable MCC patients, were 250-fold enriched within MCC tumors relative to peripheral blood, and had diverse T-cell receptor sequences. We also identified a modification of this domain that still allowed recognition by these CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells but disabled binding to the Rb tumor suppressor, a key step in the detoxification of a possible therapeutic vaccine. The use of these new tools for deeper study of MCPyV-specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells may provide broader insight into cancer-specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Analysis of printed organic MOSFET characteristics with a focus on the temperature dependence (2016)

Abstract An experimental and theoretical investigation of the device characteristics of printed organic MOSFETs with a focus on the temperature dependence is reported. In particular, an anomalous behavior of the temperature dependence of the I ds – V gs characteristic is observed, which is found to be increased at higher temperature in MOSFETs fabricated with the printing technology. Our analysis suggests that the temperature dependence of the trap density and the carrier transport mechanism are the causes for this anomalous increase at higher temperature. The results obtained with the compact model HiSIM-Organic, developed based on the physics of carrier dynamics in organic materials, confirm these conclusions. Improving stable characteristics in circuit applications are demonstrated to be achievable at higher temperatures, due to these anomalous properties of organic MOSFETs fabricated by applying the printing technology.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient PdCl2 Mediated Conversion of γ,δ‐Olefinic Alcohols into C‐Glycosides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.