gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress and curvature in MEMS mirrors (2003)

The goal of this study is to understand how to optimize the performance of micro-mirrors for a variety of optical microsystem applications. Our approach relies on a number of process variations and mirror designs to ultimately produce relatively large (500&mu;m to mm-scale), smooth (for nm RMS), and flat mirrors (greater than 1m curvature). White-light interferometric measurements, and finite element models are discussed in support of these findings. Stress gradients and residual stresses have been measured for accurate modeling of micro-mirrors. Through this modeling study, we have identified relevant structural parameters that will optimize SUMMiT V MEMS mirrors for optical applications. Ways of mitigating surface topography, print-through effects, and RMS roughness are currently being investigated.
Efficient synthetic routes to aromatic compounds using ring-closing olefin metathesis followed by dehydration, oxidation, and tautomerization (2007)

A simple synthetic approach to aromatic compounds using combinations of RCM, dehydration, oxidation, and tautomerization is described.
Silicon‐Based Packaging and Silicon Micromachining (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to mmWave Packaging Introduction to Silicon-based Packaging Silicon-based Packaging: Process Options Assembly Options for Silicon-based Packaging Example of mmWave System on Silicon Package References
A wireless power transfer system based on a modified full bridge for dynamic EV charging (2017)

This paper presents a novel Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) topology based on Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) with integrated Super Capacitor (SC) energy storage. The proposed topology is suitable for dynamic charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs), where large power transients must be processed without placing excessive strain on the utility grid or the EV battery. This topology extends the functionality of a typical LCL tuned bi-directional IPT system by adding the ability to store energy in a SC in a controlled manner. Operation of the system is described in terms of the switching patterns and control variables required to transfer energy between the input, output, and the SCs. A mathematical model that predicts the overall transfer of power between the input, output, and SCs is presented along with simulated performance of the proposed system to validate the model under a variety of typical operating conditions.
Analysis of AirfoilTrailing Edge Heat Transfer and Its Significance in Thermal-Mechanical Design andDurability (2005)

Abstract The trailing edge section of modern high-pressure turbine airfoils is an area that requires a high degree of attention from turbine performance and durability standpoints. Aerodynamic loss near the trailing edge includes expansion waves, normal shocks, and wake shedding. Thermal issues associated with trailing edge are also very complex and challenging. To maintain effective cooling ensuring metal temperature below design limit is particularly difficult, as it needs to be implemented in a relatively small area of the airfoil. To date, little effort has been devoted to advancing the fundamental understanding of the thermal characteristics in airfoil trailing edge regions. Described in this paper are the procedures leading to closed-form, analytical solutions for temperature profile for four most representative trailing edge configurations. The configurations studied are: (1) solid wedge shape without discharge, (2) wedge with slot discharge, (3) wedge with discrete-hole discharge, and (4) wedge with pressure-side cutback slot discharge. Comparison among these four cases is made primarily in the context of airfoil metal temperature and resulting cooling effectiveness. Further discussed in the paper are the overall and detail design parameters for preferred trailing edge cooling configurations as they affect turbine airfoil performance and durability.
An integrated, accurate, rapid, and economical handheld consumer gluten detector (2018)

Celiac disease, characterized by autoimmune reactions to dietary gluten, affects up to 3 million in the US and approximately 0.5%-1% globally. A strict, lifelong gluten-free diet is the only treatment. An economic, simple, accurate, rapid and portable gluten testing device would enable gluten-sensitive individuals to safeguard their food safety. We developed a novel solution, Nima™, a gluten sensor that integrates food processing, gluten detection, result interpretation and data transmission in a portable device, detecting gluten proteins at or below the accepted 20 ppm threshold. We developed specific monoclonal antibodies, an optimized lateral flow immunoassay strip, and one-step aqueous extraction. Compared with reference R5, Nima<sup>TM</sup> antibodies (13F6 and 14G11) had 35- and 6.6-fold higher gliadin affinities, respectively. We demonstrated device performance using a comprehensive list of foods, assessing detection sensitivity, reproducibility, and cross-reactivity. Nima™ presented a 99.0% true positive rate, with a 95% confidence interval of 97.8%-100%.
Multi‐system repeatability and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement using an ice‐water phantom (2012)

Standardization of DWI protocol has improved reproducibility of ADC measurements and allowed identifying spatial ADC nonuniformity as a source of error in multi-site clinical studies.
Cartoon Character Recognition Using Concentric Multi-Region Histograms of Oriented Gradients (2012)

Comic books are a kind of serial narrative artwork made up of comic pages. As an essential part of comics, cartoon characters appear throughout the whole series. Therefore, the recognition of cartoon characters is useful for many applications of comics. Normally, images of the same character are similar but with different representations in different scenes, such as facial expressions, poses, and viewpoints, which make them difficult to be recognized. In contrast to human being, besides face regions, there are many other parts offering the identification features for cartoon characters. In this paper, we focus on cartoon character recognition and propose Concentric Multi-Region model to explore the significant features from the parts around face regions. Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) is utilized for the description of regions, and the AdaBoost algorithm is applied to obtain a new descriptor named Concentric Multi-Region Histograms of Oriented Gradients (CMR-HOG). In the experiments, 17 labeled cartoon characters are applied. Compared to other face and object recognition methods only based on face regions, the proposed method shows better performance. In addition, we proved its scalability for cartoon character recognition.
Monoisopinocampheylborane: an excellent chiral hydroborating agent for phenyl-substituted tertiary olefins. Synthesis of alcohols approaching 100% enantiomeric excess (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMonoisopinocampheylborane: an excellent chiral hydroborating agent for phenyl-substituted tertiary olefins. Synthesis of alcohols approaching 100% enantiomeric excessArun K. Mandal, Prabhakar K. Jadhav, and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 17, 3543–3544Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01305a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01305a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emotype: Expressing emotions by changing typeface in mobile messenger texting (2018)

Instant messaging is a popular form of text-based communication. However, text-based messaging lacks the ability to communicate nonverbal information such as that conveyed through facial expressions and voice tones, although a multitude of emotions may underlie the text of a conversation between participants. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses typefaces to communicate emotions. We investigated which typefaces are useful for delivering emotions and introduced these typefaces into a mobile chat app. We conducted a survey to demonstrate how changes in the typeface of a message affected the meaning of the message conveyed. Our user study provides an understanding of the actual user experience with the application. The results show that the use of multiple typefaces in a message can affect and intensify the valence received by users and the use of multiple typefaces elicited an active response and brought about a livelier mood during texting.
Computational and experimental studies of azobenzene dendrons for non‐linear optical applications (2000)

Non-linear optical dendritic macromolecules, called azobenzene dendrons, have been synthesized, and their conformational properties have been clarified by molecular dynamics calculation and second-order non-linear optical measurement. Synthesized molecules were modified by adding an azobenzene branching unit as a second-order non-linear optical chromophore and placing aliphatic chains at the chain end. Energetic results obtained by molecular dynamic calculations indicated that azobenzene dendrons tend to form a molecularly assembled structure rather than a spreading or spherical one. The first-order molecular hyperpolarizability was measured to be 3010 × 10−30 esu for an azobenzene dendron having 15 azobenzene chromophores. This level of hyperpolarizability was significantly higher than that estimated when corresponding the simple additivity of a momomeric azobenzene chromophore with 150 × 10−30 esu. The experimental results supported the calculated conformation of dendrons, where chromophoric units were oriented non-centrosymmetrically along the molecular axis and each of the units coherently contributed to the second harmonic generation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State-based adjoint model reduction for large scale control problems (2011)

Design of robust control systems requires efficient ways to compute variations of responses of interest with respect to a wide range of variations for a large number of initial conditions. This is necessary in order to perform engineering oriented applications such as design optimization, inverse studies, and sensitivity analysis. A reduced order model based on an adjoint approach that takes advantage of the contraction in the state rather than the response phase space is developed to calculate the variations in responses of interest with respect to input parameters. The approach is designed to combat the explosion in the state phase space often limiting the design of reduced order models. We show that the developed adjoint approach is independent of the given response, and is only dependent on the constraint equations relating initial conditions to the state variables. The mathematical framework hybridizes sampling techniques with adjoint methods to find the reduced order model. Its construction permits a general applicability to linear and nonlinear dynamical systems with general initial conditions variations. A proof of principle linear problem is demonstrated in this summary. The details of its general applicability to nonlinear models are left to a full journal article.
Use of polyvinyl alcohol for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell expansion (2019)

Serum albumin has long been an essential supplement for ex vivo hematopoietic and immune cell cultures. However, serum albumin medium supplements represent a major source of biological contamination in cell cultures and often cause loss of cellular function. As serum albumin exhibits significant batch-to-batch variability, it has also been blamed for causing major issues in experimental reproducibility. We recently discovered the synthetic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an inexpensive, Good Manufacturing Practice-compatible, and biologically inert serum albumin replacement for ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell cultures. Importantly, PVA is free of the biological contaminants that have plagued serum albumin-based media. Here, we describe that PVA can replace serum albumin in a range of blood and immune cell cultures including cell lines, primary leukemia samples, and human T lymphocytes. PVA can even replace human serum in the generation and expansion of functional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, offering a potentially safer and more cost-efficient approach for this clinical cell therapy. In summary, PVA represents a chemically defined, biologically inert, and inexpensive alternative to serum albumin for a range of cell cultures in hematology and immunology.
State-based noise reduction using the sinusoidal speech model (1996)

This dissertation describes a technique for reduction of non-stationary noise in electronic voice communication systems. Removal of noise is needed in many such systems, particularly those deployed in harsh mobile or otherwise dynamic acoustic environments. The method presented in this dissertation employs state-based statistical models of both speech and noise, and is thus capable of tracking variations in noise during sustained speech. This work extends the hidden Markov model based minimum mean square error estimator to incorporate a ternary voicing state, and applies it to a sinusoidal representation of speech. A robust maximum likelihood fundamental frequency estimation procedure is also described. Performance is evaluated using speech and noise from standard databases as well as data collected in the field. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated to improve speech quality as measured by informal preference tests and objective measures, to preserve speech intelligibility as measured by informal Diagnostic Rhyme Tests, and to improve the performance of a low bit-rate speech coder and a speech recognition system when used as a pre-processor.
sIgE and sIgG to airborne atopic allergens: Coupled rather than inversely related responses (2018)

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Micro-machined, polyimide stimulating electrodes with electroplated iridium oxide (2003)

Iridium oxide neural stimulating electrodes were formed by electroplating iridium oxide onto thin-film gold electrodes on a polyimide substrate. 18 million current pulses were applied to 4 electrodes over 7 days. 1 electrode delaminated on day 1. The remaining three electrodes showed characteristics altered by current pulsing. However, the electrodes maintained the ability to deliver large amounts of charge.
Combined field-induced dielectrophoresis and phase separation for manipulating particles in microfluidics (2003)

Experiments were conducted in microfluidics equipped with dielectrophoretic gates arranged perpendicular to the flow. Under the action of a high-gradient ac field and shear, flowing suspensions were found to undergo a phase separation and to form a distinct front between the regions enriched with and depleted of particles. We demonstrate that this many-body phenomenon, which originates from interparticle electrical interactions, provides a method for concentrating particles in focused regions and for separating biological and nonbiological materials. The evolution of the particle patterns formation is well described by a proposed electrohydrodynamic model.
Synthesis of the bicyclic core structure of squalestatin 1 (1993)

H. Abdel-Rahman, J. P. Adams, A. L. Boyes, M. J. Kelly, D. J. Mansfield, P. A. Procopiou, S. M. Roberts, D. H. Slee, P. J. Sidebottom, V. Sik and N. S. Watson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1841 DOI: 10.1039/C39930001841
LiveSphere (2014)

Sharing full immersive experience in real-time has been the one of ultimate goals of telecommunication. Possible application can include various applications such as entertainment, sports viewing, education, social network and professional assistance. Recent head-worn wearable camera enables to shoot the first person video, however, view of angle is limited with the head direction of the person who is wearing, and also captured video is shaky that makes us dizzy. We propose LiveSphere, immersive experience sharing system with wearable camera headgear that provide 360 degrees spherical images of the user's surrounding environment. LiveSphere system performs spherical video stabilization and transmits it to other users, so that they are enable to view shared video comfortably and also look around at the scene from a different view angle independently from the first person. In this note, we explain the overview of the LiveSphere system implementation, stabilization and viewing experience.
Cu -doped indium oxide∕Ag ohmic contacts for high-power flip-chip light-emitting diodes (2005)

We have investigated Cu-doped In2O3(CIO)(3nm)∕Ag(250nm) schemes for forming high-quality ohmic contacts to p-type GaN for high-power flip-chip light-emitting diodes (FCLEDs). It is shown that the CIO∕Ag contacts produce specific contact resistance of 1.28×10−5Ωcm2 and reflectance of about 90% at a wavelength of 460nm when annealed at 530°C for 1min in air ambient. It is also shown that unlike single Ag contacts, the CIO∕Ag contacts are fairly stable without surface and interface degradation although annealed at 530°C for 1min in air ambient. In addition, blue multiquantum-well InGaN∕GaN LEDs fabricated with the annealed CIO∕Ag contact layers give forward-bias voltages of around 3.0V at an injection current of 20mA. The results strongly indicate that the CIO∕Ag scheme can be a highly promising p-type contact for high-power GaN-based FCLEDs for solid-state lighting application.
Replication of a mutant hepatitis B virus with a fused X-C reading frame in hepatoma cells (1992)

We have previously described a mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a fused X-C open reading frame (ORF) resulting from a single nucleotide insertion in the X-C overlapping region. A stably transformed cell line producing HBV particles, HepG2-K8, was established by transfecting the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 with a plasmid carrying four tandem repeats of the mutant HBV genome. The virus particles secreted into the culture medium were characterized by density gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy. The particles, similar to Dane particles by morphology and density, contained the mature HBV genome and endogenous DNA polymerase activity. Six HBV-specific transcripts of 4.0, 3.5, 2.2, 2.1, 1.2 and 0.9 kb were detected in HepG2-K8 cells by Northern blot analysis. cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of X mRNA showed that an elongated X ORF encoding 193 amino acids was created by a frameshift mutation in the 3'-terminal region of the wild-type X ORF and that the formation of an in-frame termination codon (TAA) resulted from polyadenylation. This elongated X gene product exerted transcriptional trans-activation.
Hydrophobic Pockets of HPMC Enable Extremely Short Reaction Times in Water (2020)

Although greener and faster access to fine chemicals and APIs is highly desirable, there are currently no synthetic methodologies which undergo reaction completions within a few seconds to minutes in water under benchtop laboratory conditions. Here, we report a methodology that allows the instantaneous formation of ligated ultrasmall Pd nanoparticles in the hydrophobic pockets of benign cellulose derivative (HPMC) for chemical reactions to proceed very fast in water under mild reaction conditions. Unprecedented short reaction times were exemplified for the Buchwald–Hartwig aminations. In addition, very short reaction times of less than a minute were also demonstrated for the amide couplings, which is the most utilized reaction type in the pharmaceutical industry.
Ethanol–ethylene conversion mechanism on hydrogen boride sheets probed by in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy (2020)

Two-dimensional hydrogen boride (HB) sheets were recently demonstrated to act as a solid acid catalyst in their hydrogen-deficient state. However, both the active sites and the mechanism of the catalytic process require further elucidation. In this study, we analyzed the conversion of ethanol adsorbed on HB sheets under vacuum during heating using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy with isotope labelling. Up to 450 K, the FT-IR peak associated with the OH group of the adsorbed ethanol molecule disappeared from the spectrum, which was attributed to a dehydration reaction with a hydrogen atom from the HB sheet, resulting in the formation of an ethyl species. At temperatures above 440 K, the number of BD bonds markedly increased in CD<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, compared to CH<sub>3</sub>CD<sub>2</sub>OH; the temperature dependence of the formation rate of BD bonds was similar to that of the dehydration reaction rate of ethanol on HB sheets under steady-state conditions. The rate-determining step of the dehydration of ethanol on HB was thus ascribed to the dehydrogenation of the methyl group of the ethyl species on the HB sheets, followed by the immediate desorption of ethylene. These results show that the catalytic ethanol dehydration process on HB involves the hydrogen atoms of the HB sheets. The obtained mechanistic insights are expected to promote the practical application of HB sheets as catalysts.
Velocity and Temperature Profiles for Laminar Magnetohydrodynamic Flow in the Entrance Region of an Annular Channel (1962)

The entry problem for an annular channel configuration which has the Globe profile for its fully developed condition is solved numerically for various values of the pertinent parameters describing the flow. The nonlinearities present in the momentum and energy equations are utilized in the solution of the problem by placing the equations in a finite difference form. For a large accelerating electric field the velocity profile was found to reverse itself in an area near the outer wall of the channel. Velocity, temperature, and pressure curves are presented from the results of computational work.
Pyridyl Azolate Based Luminescent Complexes: Strategic Design, Photophysics, and Applications (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Ligand Synthesis Ligand Modifications Fluorescent Behavior and Color Tuning Phosphorescent OLED Applications Osmium-Based Emitters Blue-Emitting Materials Red-Emitting Materials Ruthenium-Based Emitters Iridium-Based Emitters Tuning the Color to Red Blue-Emitting Materials Platinum-Based Emitters Concluding Remarks