gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of Heat Sink for Vehicle LED Headlamp Using Thermally-Conductive Plastics (2015)

Since LEDs (light emitting diodes) have many advantages as a light source in vehicle headlamp, such as good reliability, energy and space saving, and flexible headlamp design. On the other hand, the dependence of its performance and life on temperature have great influence on its practical use. In this study, design and fabrication of heat sink for vehicle LED headlamp were performed using thermally-conductive plastics. This study focused on the effective heat sink structure with limited space in the vehicle LED headlamp. We designed two different prototype of heat sink by thermal simulation using SolidWorks program, which had excellent temperature characteristics. The two different prototype of heat sink were fabricated by injection molding with thermally-conductive plastics. The results showed that LED (junction temperature) of sample B (model 1) and sample C (model 1, 2) was below then when applying the thermally-conductive plastics in heat sink of vehicle LED headlamp.
Impact of Transcriptomics on Our Understanding of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2018)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal fibrotic lung disease characterized by aberrant remodeling of the lung parenchyma with extensive changes to the phenotypes of all lung resident cells. The introduction of transcriptomics, genome scale profiling of thousands of RNA transcripts, caused a significant inversion in IPF research. Instead of generating hypotheses based on animal models of disease, or biological plausibility, with limited validation in humans, investigators were able to generate hypotheses based on unbiased molecular analysis of human samples and then use animal models of disease to test their hypotheses. In this review, we describe the insights made from transcriptomic analysis of human IPF samples. We describe how transcriptomic studies led to identification of novel genes and pathways involved in the human IPF lung such as: matrix metalloproteinases, WNT pathway, epithelial genes, role of microRNAs among others, as well as conceptual insights such as the involvement of developmental pathways and deep shifts in epithelial and fibroblast phenotypes. The impact of lung and transcriptomic studies on disease classification, endotype discovery, and reproducible biomarkers is also described in detail. Despite these impressive achievements, the impact of transcriptomic studies has been limited because they analyzed bulk tissue and did not address the cellular and spatial heterogeneity of the IPF lung. We discuss new emerging technologies and applications, such as single-cell RNAseq and microenvironment analysis that may address cellular and spatial heterogeneity. We end by making the point that most current tissue collections and resources are not amenable to analysis using the novel technologies. To take advantage of the new opportunities, we need new efforts of sample collections, this time focused on access to all the microenvironments and cells in the IPF lung.
Human Gut Mycobiome and Fungal Community Interaction: The Unknown Musketeer in the Chemotherapy Response Status in Bladder Cancer (2022)

Our study has demonstrated that the composition of stool mycobiome (fungal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract) in patients with bladder cancer is different from that in noncancer individuals. Furthermore, when evaluating how patients respond to chemotherapy given prior to their surgery, our study noted significant differences between patients who responded and those who did not.
New Perspectives in Cancer Virotherapy: Bringing the Immune System Into Play (2010)

Despite constant advances in medically orientated cancer studies, conventional treatments by surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy remain partly ineffective against numerous cancers. Oncolytic virotherapy - the use of replication-competent viruses that specifically target tumor cells - has opened up new perspectives for improved treatment of these pathologies. Certain viruses demonstrate a natural, preferential tropism for tumor cells, while others can be genetically modified to show such an effect. Several of these viruses have already been used in preclinical and clinical trials in different tumor models; these studies have provided encouraging results and, thus, confirm the growing interest presented by this therapeutic strategy. The role of the immune system in the efficacy of cancer virotherapy has been poorly documented for a long time; however, several recent reports have presented evidence of synergistic effects between both direct viral oncolysis and the activation of specific, anti-tumor immune responses. These findings offer an exciting outlook for the future of cancer virotherapy.
Growth and properties of InAlN nanocolumns emitting in optical communication wavelengths (2008)

In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> N nanocolumns (0.71lesx <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">In</sub> les1.00) were fabricated on Si (111) substrates by RF-MBE. The room temperature photoluminescence (RT-PL) in optical communication wavelengths from 0.95 to 1.94 mum with changing x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">In</sub> was observed. InN/InAlN heterostructures were also fabricated.
Teaching collaborative manufacturing: experience and observation (2007)

Even though web-based meeting technology has been developed and implemented and so much information is available on the web, human-human interaction is still a critical part of design. This paper studies how Web-Based Systems (WBS) can support collaborative activities in design and manufacturing based on a case study project. As one of the example of WBS, a Peer-Review Evaluation Process (PREP) to support the deterministic design is presented. Fundamentals of collaborative manufacturing based on project experiences, are also studied.
Déficit immunitaire commun variable (1999)

Le deficit immunitaire commun variable est une entite heterogene caracterisee par une hypogammaglobulinemie, des infections bacteriennes a repetition, une grande frequence de maladies auto-immunes et de tumeurs (revue dans [1]). Il constitue l'un des deficits immunitaires les plus frequents avec une prevalence estimee [...]
Driver-Integrated 56-Gb/s Segmented Electrode Silicon Mach Zehnder Modulator Using Optical-Domain Equalization (2017)

We report an IC-driven silicon photonic segmented electrode Mach Zehnder modulator exploiting optical domain feed-forward equalization resulting in 56-Gb/s NRZ operation with BER&lt;10−12. The result could enable FEC-free links for latency sensitive datacenter applications.
Lieb-Robinson Bounds and the Generation of Correlations and Topological Quantum Order (2006)

The Lieb-Robinson bound states that local Hamiltonian evolution in nonrelativistic quantum mechanical theories gives rise to the notion of an effective light cone with exponentially decaying tails. We discuss several consequences of this result in the context of quantum information theory. First, we show that the information that leaks out to spacelike separated regions is negligible and that there is a finite speed at which correlations and entanglement can be distributed. Second, we discuss how these ideas can be used to prove lower bounds on the time it takes to convert states without topological quantum order to states with that property. Finally, we show that the rate at which entropy can be created in a block of spins scales like the boundary of that block.
Direct production of glucose from glycogen under microwave irradiation (2012)

The production of fermentable sugars from renewable sources is a challenge. An attempt was made to exploit glycogen as a potential feedstock for the production of glucose. The microwave-assisted acidic hydrolysis was applied for glycogen decomposition for the first time. The optimal conditions for the hydrolysis reaction (yield of glucose – 62 wt.%) were identified: microwave irradiation time – 10 min and concentration of acid – 1 M HCl. Microwave irradiation has dramatically reduced the reaction time from more than 6 h (at 80 °C under an oil bath) to 10 min. 13C NMR spectroscopy was employed to monitor the progress of the hydrolysis reaction. HPLC analysis was employed to evaluate the yield of glucose. Thus, the viability of the use of glycogen as an economically and environmentally benign precursor to the production of glucose has been demonstrated.
An application of eddy current damping effect on single point diamond turning of titanium alloys (2017)

Titanium alloys Ti6Al4V (TC4) have been popularly applied in many industries. They have superior material properties including an excellent strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, they are regarded as difficult to cut materialsMergeCell serious tool wear, a high level of cutting vibration and low surface integrity are always involved in machining processes especially in ultra-precision machining (UPM). In this paper, a novel hybrid machining technology using an eddy current damping effect is firstly introduced in UPM to suppress machining vibration and improve the machining performance of titanium alloys. A magnetic field was superimposed on samples during single point diamond turning (SPDT) by exposing the samples in between two permanent magnets. When the titanium alloys were rotated within a magnetic field in the SPDT, an eddy current was generated through a stationary magnetic field inside the titanium alloys. An eddy current generated its own magnetic field with the opposite direction of the external magnetic field leading a repulsive force, compensating for the machining vibration induced by the turning process. The experimental results showed a remarkable improvement in cutting force variation, a significant reduction in adhesive tool wear and an extreme long chip formation in comparison to normal SPDT of titanium alloys, suggesting the enhancement of the machinability of titanium alloys using an eddy current damping effect. An eddy current damping effect was firstly introduced in the area of UPM to deliver the results of outstanding machining performance.
Managing Risk in a Derivative IaaS Cloud (2017)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud platforms rent computing resources with different cost and availability tradeoffs. For example, users may acquire virtual machines (VMs) in the spot market-that are cheap, but can be unilaterally terminated by the cloud operator. Because of this revocation risk, spot servers have been conventionally used for delay and risk tolerant batch jobs. In this paper, we develop risk mitigation policies which allow even interactive applications to run on spot servers. Our System, SpotCheck is a derivative cloud platform, and provides the illusion of an IaaS platform that offers always-available VMs on demand for a cost near that of spot servers, and supports unmodified applications. SpotCheck's design combines virtualization-based mechanisms for fault-tolerance, and bidding and server selection policies for managing the risk and cost. We implement SpotCheck on EC2 and show that it i) provides nested VMs with 99.9989 percent availability, ii) achieves upto 2-5x cost savings compared to using on-demand VMs, and iii) eliminates any risk of losing VM state.
Miniature, Fast Wavelength-Swept Sources Based on External Grating Cavity with Resonant MEMS Mirror (2013)

We report a broad range of swept source performances based on a highly-flexible external cavity laser architecture embodied within a compact butterfly package. Multiple spectral regions from 830nm to 1630nm and sweep frequencies from 1kHz to 200kHz are demonstrated.
Optical Properties in Nanofluids of Gold Nanoparticles in Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (2009)

Nanofluids of selective visible colors are developed in gold nanoparticles embedded in polymer molecules of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in water. A simple HAuCl4 reaction with PVP molecules (a weak reductant) in aqueous solution at 60-70 degrees C yields the nanofluid in a single process step with an AU3+ --> Au caloric reduction. Part of PVP molecules, which binds to a resulting Au-nanoparticle of nascent surfaces, insulates it from the Au3+ species and thus disrupts it to grow further, by immobilizing in the PVP molecules. Varying the 0-1.0 wt% Au-contents (in Au-PVP) tunes effectively the Au-surface plasmon bands (SPR) in Au-core-shell particles in conjunction with the surface PVP molecules. Characteristic SPR absorption band shifts regularly from at 535 nm in 0.05 wt% Au to a value as large as 571 nm upon increasing the Au-content to 1.0 wt%. The SPR band favors emission at approximately 440 nm in a core --> shell energy transfer in core-shell particles of an exchange coupled system, when irradiating at approximately 250 nm in the 5d(10)6s --> 5d(9)6sp (Au) interband transition. Electron microscopic images, with the electron diffraction, reveal small Au-crystallites in shapes of cuboids (or bars) of core-shells, with 5-10 nm width (5-15 length), and their clusters of mostly pentagons.
Backscattering time-reversal of acoustic waves in random media (1999)

Three years ago, the first experiments showing the reversibility of acoustic waves propagating through high-order multiple scattering media were reported [A. Derode, P. Roux, and M. Fink, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4206 (1995)]. These experiments were performed in a transmission mode by means of a time reversal mirror (TRM). Here, new time-dependent experimental results obtained in a backscattering mode are reported. The experiment can be described as follows: the TRM used is a linear array of 128 transducers. One of the elements transmits a pulsed wave into the sample which is a random set of 2400 steel rods. In the 128 recorded backscattered signals, short windows are selected which are time-reversed and retransmitted. Surprisingly, it is found that the synthesized time-reversed waves revive their past and converge onto the initial emitting element, despite disorder. Thus the image of the source is recreated, what is referred to as the mirror effect. The spatial refocusing is found to be improved when selecting windows farther and farther in the backscattered signals. The refocused spot time-evolution is well explained by a simple model including both single and multiple scattering contributions.
Keynote Talk: Many-Core SoC in Nanoscale CMOS: Challenges & Opportunities (2018)

Many-core SoC designs in scaled CMOS process demand wide dynamic voltage-frequency operating range, spanning multi-threaded high-throughput near-threshold voltage (NTV) to single-threaded burst performance modes, as well as fine-grain multi-voltage design and spatio-temporal power management to deliver maximum performance under stringent thermal and energy constraints. Interconnect scaling bottlenecks, process-voltage-temperature variations and aging-induced degradation pose major challenges going forward. We present key circuit and design techniques for logic, memory and on-die interconnect networks that enable efficient, variation-tolerant and resilient many-core SoC designs in nanoscale CMOS.
<title>Evaluation of Shipley XP2040D positive chemically amplified resist for SCALPEL mask fabrication</title> (2001)

The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) has placed stringent requirements on Next Generation Lithography mask critical dimension (CD) control. A new chemically amplified (CA) positive resist, Shipley XP2040D was evaluated for mask making application. This resist exhibited an extraordinary post exposure bake (PEB) sensitivity, less than 0.6 nm/ degree(s)C, along with a sub-50 nm resolution. The PEB stability in ambient was larger than 4.5 hours and the line-edge-roughness (LER) was less than 2.9 nm.
Practical Solutions to Save Bitcoins Applied to an Identity System Proposal (2019)

International audience
Symmetric Triangle Quadrature Rules for Arbitrary Functions. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Digital objects as passwords (2008)

Security proponents heavily emphasize the importance of choosing a strong password (one with high entropy). Unfortunately, by design, most humans are apparently incapable of generating such passwords, or memorizing a random-looking, machine-generated one for longterm use. Infrequently used passwords pose even bigger security and usability problems. We exploit the fact that many users now own or have access to a large quantity of digitized personal or personally meaningful content in designing an object-based password scheme called ObPwd. ObPwd enables users to select a password generating object from their local collection or from the web, and then converts the password object (e.g. an image, a particular piece of music, excerpt from a book) to a (potentially) high-entropy text password that can be used for regular or secondary web authentication, or in local applications (e.g. encryption). Instead of requiring users to memorize an exact password, ObPwd only requires one to remember a hint or pointer to the password object used. We believe that choosing digital objects as passwords is an interesting alternative to explore, and may enable users to create and maintain high quality passwords. We have implemented a prototype, and solicit feedback from the research community in regard to using digital objects as passwords. 1
IBM z13 circuit design and methodology (2015)

The two chips at the heart of the IBM z13™ system include a processor chip (referred to as the CP or Central Processor chip) and an L4 (Level 4) cache chip (referred to as the SC or System Controller chip), each 678 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in area. The CP and SC chips were implemented with approximately 4 billion ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 10^{9} $</tex-math></inline-formula> ) and 7.1 billion transistors, respectively, in IBM’s 22-nm SOI (silicon-on-insulator) technology, supporting eDRAM (embedded dynamic random access memory) , and with up to 17 levels of metal available. In this paper, we discuss aspects of the circuit and physical design of these chips, including both digital logic and custom array implementation. In addition, we describe the design analysis methodology, along with some of the checks needed to ensure a robust, reliable, and high-frequency product.
Optical Fano Resonance in Self-Assembled Magnetic–Plasmonic Nanostructures (2016)

We proposed a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of magnetic–plasmonic nanostructures that exhibit tunable plasmon enhanced hots spots and Fano resonance behavior. The nanostructures are formed from the self-assembly of magnetic–plasmonic core–shell nanoparticles. The magnetic core enables magnetophoretic control of particles during assembly, while the plasmonic shell provides interesting and useful optical behavior. We demonstrate proof-of-concept using a combination of Monte Carlo analysis to predict self-assembly and full-wave computational analysis to study the optical properties of the assembled structures. Our analysis demonstrates that viable structures can be assembled using a magnetic template-assisted self-assembly protocol and that flexible tunability of the optical response can be achieved due to the strong sensitivity of nanogap hot spots and Fano resonance features on distinct geometric parameters and the surrounding medium. We demonstrate the self-assembly and Fano resonance response of a heptamer nanostructure formed from Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles and discuss its performance for biosensing. The ability to fabricate such nanostructures using bottom-up methods holds potential for numerous novel applications. Moreover, the photonic modeling approach demonstrated here broadly applies to arbitrary particle geometries, material properties, and assemblies and can be used for the rational design of such applications.
Heart failure is not a determinant of central apnea index in the pediatric population (2020)

Background/Objectives: Adults with heart failure (HF) have high prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA). While this has been repeatedly investigated in adults, there is a deficiency of similar research in the pediatric population. The goal of this study was to compare prevalence of CSA in children with and without HF and correlate central apnea events with heart function. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from children with and without HF was conducted. Eligible children were <18 years old with echocardiogram and polysomnogram within 6 months of each other. Children were separated into groups with and without HF and groups with and without elevated central apnea index (CAI) for comparative study. Results: 120 children (+HF:19, -HF:101) were included. The +HF group was younger, with higher prevalence of trisomy 21, muscular dystrophy, oromotor incoordination, and structural heart disease and lower Apnea Hypopnea Index and lower CAI. Prevalence of CSA was similar in both the groups. LogCAI was inversely correlated to age at time of sleep study. Children with elevated CAI were younger and had higher prevalence of prematurity. There was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between groups with and without elevated CAI. Conclusion: In contrast to adults, after adjusting for age, there is no difference in frequency of central apneic events in children with and without heart failure. Unlike in adults, LVEF does not correlate with CAI in children. Overall, it appears that CAI may be more a function of age rather than of heart function in the pediatric population.
Online Search Scope Reconstruction by Connectivity Inference (2007)

To cope with the continuing growth of the web, improvements should be made to the current brute-force techniques commonly used by robot-driven search engines. We propose a model that strikes a balance between robot and directorybased search engines by expanding the search scope of conventional directories to automatically include related categories. Our model makes use of a knowledge-rich and wellstructured corpus to infer relationships between documents and topic categories. We show that the hyperlink structure of Wikipedia articles can be effectively exploited to identify relations among topic categories. Our experiments show the average recall rate and precision rate achieved are 91% and between 85% and 215% of Google's respectively.
Distributed Learning and Information Dynamics In Networked Autonomous Systems (2015)

Abstract : This project is motivated by the need to enable advanced operations of teams of autonomous vehicles to learn and adapt to uncertain and hostile environments under effective utilization of communications resources. Of particular interest is the interplay between distributed learning and information dynamics. Distributed learning refers to a collection of interacting agents with limited local processing, information, and communications, all seeking to achieve a global objective in an uncertain and possibly hostile environment. Information dynamics refers to the architecture, either inherited or designed, of information flow among the distributed agents. The interplay of distributed learning algorithms and information dynamics can have dramatic effects on the efficiency of the collective. Specific research thrusts include: i) online resource allocation, ii) networked operations, and iii) evolving and uncertain operations.
COK‐16: A Cation‐Exchanging Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid (2013)

X-ray spectroscopy: Substoichiometric encapsulation of polyoxometalate ions into a metal–organic framework results in a fully functional cation exchanger with accessible porosity. Cu2+ cations compensating the charge of [PW12O40]3− in the as-synthesized material can be exchanged with cations such as Na+ and Eu3+. When exchanged with Eu3+, the material appears bright red under UV irradiation (see figure).