gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identiflcation of a Proenkephalin Precursor in Striatal Tissue (1985)

Recent studies have supported the suggestion that proenkephalin is the same in both adrenal medulla and brain. However, although previous investigations have characterized enkephalin-containing adrenal intermediates derived from proenkephalin, as yet no such intermediates have been isolated from the brain. This has led to the belief that the processing of proenkephalin in the brain is extremely rapid and enkephalin-containing intermediates do not accumulate. In this investigation Sephacryl-300 gel filtration chromatography of guinea pig striata, extracted in 8 M urea, demonstrated several peaks of both bioactive and immunoreactive enkephalin-like peptides after enzymatic digest (trypsin followed by carboxypeptidase B). Comparable profiles were obtained using rat and bovine striatal tissue. In guinea pig the major species emerging from gel filtration, eluting with an apparent molecular weight of 29,000, represented approximately 9% of the total (methionine) enkephalin immunoreactivity. It had an apparent pI of 5.0 when subjected to chromatofocusing. This species was further characterized using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and nitrocellulose blotting techniques as well as highly specific radioimmunoassays to (Met5)-enkephalin, (Leu5)-enkephalin, and (Met5)-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7. This species was found to contain these opioid peptides in an approximately 6:1:1 ratio, respectively, and to have an apparent molecular weight of 31,000. It was also indicated that (Met5)-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 constituted the C-terminal seven residues of this molecule.
Surface depth computation and representation from multiple coded projector light (2011)

In this paper we propose a highly robust and fast method for recovering and representing surface depth information by using coded projector light. We use multiple projectors whose projection patterns are coded carefully. The projected patterns are blended on an object surface, and represent the depth information of the surface, that is the object surface is illuminated according to the depth of each point on the surface. As a result, the computation of the depth is completed with the ”light speed”. The proposed method does not require any image correspondence for computing depth information, and thus it is free from the correspondence problem and highly robust. The efficiency of the proposed method is tested by using a set of real projectors.
Broadly distributed T cell reactivity, with no immunodominant loci, to the pre-erythrocytic antigen thrombospondin-related adhesive protein ofPlasmodium falciparum in West Africans (1999)

Protective immunity to malaria has been achieved in human volunteers utilizing the pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum antigen, the circumsporozoite protein (CS). However, T cell reactivity to CS is focused on several highly polymorphic T cell epitope regions, potentially limiting the efficacy of any vaccine to specific malaria strains. Another important pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen, the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP), can induce protection in animal models of malaria, but knowledge of human T cell responses is limited to the identification of CD8 T cell epitopes, with no CD4 epitopes identified to date. This comprehensive study assessed reactivity to overlapping peptides spanning almost the whole of P. falciparum TRAP (PfTRAP), as well as peptides selected on the basis of HLA class II-binding motifs. A total of 50 naturally exposed Gambian adults were assessed to define 26 T cell epitopes in PfTRAP capable of inducing rapid IFN-gamma or IL-4 production, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot assays. In contrast to the CS protein, this reactivity was broadly distributed along the length of TRAP. Moreover, of the 26 epitopes identified, 10 were found to be conserved in West Africa.
Abstract #2013: Discovery of SGI-1776, a potent and selective Pim-1 kinase inhibitor (2009)

Pim-1 is a highly conserved serine-threonine kinase that is a key regulator in many cytokine signaling pathways. Activated Pim-1 kinase can induce progression of the cell cycle, inhibition of apoptosis, and modulation of other signal transduction pathways, including its own. Transformation of Pim-1 kinase in conjunction with other oncogenes such as c-myc, N-Myc, and others such as gfi-1, runx-2 leads to malignancies including Burkitt\#8217;s lymphoma, prostate cancer, diffuse large cell lymphoma several other types of human leukemias. These findings suggest that Pim-1 may be a promising drug target for development of anticancer agents. Through the use of Pim-1kinase crystal structure we began our discovery process by performing large-scale virtual screening composed of focused and or diverse virtual libraries. With the application of consensus scoring, binding energies and several drug-like filters we have selected limited set of 72 compounds. Five compounds belongs to imidazo[1,2-b]pyridzaine series were found to inhibit the Pim-1 kinase enzyme with an IC50 from 2 to 10 \#956;M. These active compounds and their binding modes lead to the lead optimization, synthesis and for further design of potent Pim1 kinase inhibitors. The strategies for optimizing the potency and selectivity against the Pim-1 target were undertaken with the focus on the modifications of R1 and R2 groups. A novel synthetic route was developed starting from 1,4-dibromo-trans-2-butene. We prepared 3-bromo-6-chloro-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine scaffold in three steps. Suzuki coupling with various substituted aryl boronic acids and followed by introduction of aliphatic amines lead to the synthesis of more than 30 novel chemical entities as Pim-1 kinase inhibitors. Initial SAR studies revealed that the introduction of hydrophobic moiety at R1 and small ring substituent groups with 1 or 2 -CH2 spacer at the 6-amine position are vital for the Pim-1 kinase inhibition. The lead compound SGI-1776 showed very potent activity against Pim-1 kinase with an IC50 of 7 nM and kinases selectivity. We recently filed an IND and anticipate enrollment into the First-in-Human Phase I study in the near future. Design, synthesis and SAR studies will be presented. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2013.
Blocking Bacterial Naphthohydroquinone Oxidation and ADP-Ribosylation Improves Activity of Rifamycins against Mycobacterium abscessus (2021)

Rifampicin is an effective drug for treating tuberculosis (TB) but is not used to treat Mycobacterium abscessus infections due to poor <i>in vitro</i> activity. While rifabutin, another rifamycin, has better anti-M. abscessus activity, its activity is far from the nanomolar potencies of rifamycins against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we asked (i) why is rifabutin more active against M. abscessus than rifampicin, and (ii) why is rifabutin's anti-M. abscessus activity poorer than its anti-TB activity? Comparative analysis of naphthoquinone- versus naphthohydroquinone-containing rifamycins suggested that the improved activity of rifabutin over rifampicin is linked to its less readily oxidizable naphthoquinone core. Although rifabutin is resistant to bacterial oxidation, metabolite and genetic analyses showed that this rifamycin is metabolized by the ADP-ribosyltransferase Arr<sub>Mab</sub> like rifampicin, preventing it from achieving the nanomolar activity that it displays against M. tuberculosis. Based on the identified dual mechanism of intrinsic rifamycin resistance, we hypothesized that rifamycins more potent than rifabutin should contain the molecule's naphthoquinone core plus a modification that blocks ADP-ribosylation at its C-23. To test these predictions, we performed a blinded screen of a diverse collection of 189 rifamycins and identified two molecules more potent than rifabutin. As predicted, these compounds contained both a more oxidatively resistant naphthoquinone core and C-25 modifications that blocked ADP-ribosylation. Together, this work revealed dual bacterial metabolism as the mechanism of intrinsic resistance of M. abscessus to rifamycins and provides proof of concept for the repositioning of rifamycins for M. abscessus disease by developing derivatives that resist both bacterial oxidation and ADP-ribosylation.
Proliferation Patterns Reflect Architectural Dedifferentiation: A Study of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma (2004)

The distribution of proliferating cells in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may be related to lesion type and architecture. Single proliferation indexes may not be representative. We aimed to establish the distribution of cell proliferation in BCC as related to architecture. We studied an unselected, consecutive series of 45 resection specimens of nodular BCC from patients in the age range of 25-95 years using MIB-1 staining and systematically reviewed the cases. These lesions included nodular (n=32) and non-nodular (n=9) BCC. Within the nodular BCC, two patterns were recognised, not related to age or gender. In small nodular patterns with well developed peripheral palisading and central parallel streaming of small, elongated nuclei, proliferation is limited to the basal palisading cells in a clustered distribution. In large nodular patterns, proliferation is absent at the basal membrane (BM) and distributed in single random cells throughout the lesion. Both patterns preclude accurate quantitation. Many lesions contained both patterns in a side-by-side, unmixed manner. These pattern differences suggest a loss of differentiation in nodular BCC. Perhaps a single mutation results in the loss of BM associated cell architecture and proliferation control related to tumor-stroma interactions. As a result, the lesion reverts to a low frequency, non-regulated proliferation, diffusely distributed throughout the lesion. The two patterns may exist side-by-side in a single lesion, further supporting the concept of polyclonality. This hypothesis explains perilesional clefting and previously reported variations in intra-lesional laminin synthesis. Based on our findings, representation of tumor cell proliferation activity by a single value is not justified. Nodular BCC exists in one of two dedifferentiation-mutation-determined patterns of cell proliferation; many lesions clearly demonstrate bi-clonality.
Comparison of electroplated eutectic Bi/Sn and Pb/Sn solder bumps on various UBM systems (2001)

The effect of a reflow process and under bump metallurgy (UBM) systems on the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMC) of the 57Bi/43Sn and 37Pb/63Sn solder bump/UBM interfaces was investigated. The selected UBM systems were sputtered Al/Ti/Cu, sputtered Al/NiV/Cu, Al/electroless Ni/immersion Au, and Al/Ti/electroless Cu. An alloy electroplating method was used for the solder bumping process. The microstructure and composition of intermetallic compound (IMC) phases and their morphologies were examined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/ /spl eta/'-phase IMC appeared on all Cu containing UBM cases with Pb/Sn and Bi/Sn solders and the Cu/sub 3/Sn /spl epsiv/-phase was detected only with Pb/Sn solder bumps. The Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ IMC was found to be the main IMC phase between Ni and solder. The Ni/sub 3/Sn secondary IMC was also detected on the electroless Ni UBM with PbSn solder after ten times reflow. Through the bump shear test, Al/NiV/Cu, Al/elNi/Au, and Al/Ti/elCu UBMs showed good stability with Bi/Sn and Pb/Sn solder in terms of metallurgical aspects.
REFORMULATION OF COAL-DERIVED TRANSPORTATION FUELS: SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON METAL FOAM CATALYSTS (2005)

Hydrocarbon fuels must be reformed in a series of steps to provide hydrogen for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Preferential oxidation (PROX) is one method to reduce the CO concentration to less than 10 ppm in the presence of {approx}40% H{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, and steam. This will prevent CO poisoning of the PEMFC anode. Structured supports, such as ceramic monoliths, can be used for the PROX reaction. Alternatively, metal foams offer a number of advantages over the traditional ceramic monolith.
<title>Influence of Nd<formula><sup><roman>3+</roman></sup></formula> concentration on operation dynamics of picosecond laser with intracavity Raman conversion of radiation in KGd(WO4)2:Nd<formula><sup><roman>3+</roman></sup></formula> crystals</title> (1992)

The results of experimental investigation of cubic nonlinearity and Raman conversion efficiency dependencies on Nd-concentration in potassium gadolinium tungstate:Nd crystals are presented. These results are explained based on two-photon resonance and parametric processes theory.
P-DOPINGON 1.3ptM INAS/GAASDOT-IN-WELLLASERS. (2007)

We report asystematic study ofmodulation p-doping effects onQD lasers performance, wediscuss therole ofp-doping in: threshold current, gain andloss; gain profile; temperature sensitivity andmodulation bandwidth.
Direct Evidence for ArOS Bond Cleavage upon Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Arylsulfatase by Aryl Sulfamates (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase catalyses the cleavage of aryl sulfates and is an excellent model for human estrone sulfatase, which is implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer. Aryl sulfamates are inactivators of sulfatases; however, little is known about their mechanism. We studied the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase A by a range of aryl sulfamates, including the clinical agent 667COUMATE (STX64) used to inactivate estrone sulfatase. Inactivation was time dependent, irreversible, and active-site directed, consistent with a covalent modification at the active site. In terms of the kinetic parameters of inactivation k(inact) and K(i), K(i) values are in the micromolar to nanomolar range, and the inactivation half-life is less than 30 s. A Brønsted plot of k(inact)/K(i) has a steep slope (beta(lg) = -1.1), which implies that the transition state for the first irreversible chemical step of inactivation involves a high degree of charge transfer and cleavage of the ArO-S bond. Detection of the released phenol and titration of the residual activity showed the stoichiometry of inactivation to be in the range 3-6, with the greatest values found for the most effective inactivators. Thus, multiple sulfamoylation events appear to occur during the inactivation process. These data provide valuable insight into the mechanism of sulfatase inactivation by sulfamates.
A Reconfigurable <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> ADC With Up to 100 MHz Bandwidth Using Flash Reference Shuffling (2014)

A reconfigurable 65-nm continuous-time low-pass delta-sigma modulator operates with a sampling frequency from 491 MHz to 1536 MHz, a signal bandwidth from 10 MHz to 100 MHz, and a dynamic range of 75.4 dB to 62.8 dB, respectively. Flash ADC calibration and reference shuffling with zipper rotation are used to improve the linearity of the flash, while also increasing the highest sampling rate and bandwidth of the modulator. Dynamic element matching using a randomized incremented pointer improves the linearity of the DAC.
Data from Carfilzomib-Dependent Selective Inhibition of the Chymotrypsin-like Activity of the Proteasome Leads to Antitumor Activity in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Primary Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) cells present with a significantly higher level of the immunoproteasome compared with the constitutive proteasome. It has been demonstrated that selective inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity of constitutive-(c20S) and immuno-(i20S) proteasome represents a valid strategy to induce antineoplastic effect in hematologic tumors. We therefore evaluated carfilzomib, a potent selective, irreversible inhibitor of the CT-L activity of the i20S and c20S in WM cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We tested the effect of carfilzomib on survival and proliferation of primary WM cells, as well as of other IgM-secreting lymphoma cell lines. Carfilzomib-dependent mechanisms of induced apoptosis in WM cells, and its effect on WM cells in the context of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment have been also evaluated. Moreover, the combinatory effect of carfilzomib and bortezomib has been investigated. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies have been performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We demonstrated that carfilzomib targeted the CT-L activity of both i20S and c20S, which led to the induction of toxicity in primary WM cells, as well as in other IgM-secreting lymphoma cells. Importantly, carfilzomib targeted WM cells even in the context of BM milieu. In addition, carfilzomib induced apoptosis through c-jun-&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-terminal-kinase activation, caspase cleavage, and initiation of unfolded protein response. Importantly, the combination of carfilzomib and bortezomib synergistically inhibited CT-L activity, as well as caspase-, PARP-cleavage and GRP94 expression. Antitumor activity of carfilzomib has been validated &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest that targeting i20S and c20S CT-L activity by carfilzomib represents a valid antitumor strategy in WM and other IgM-secreting lymphomas. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(7); 1753–64. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design of a poly silicon MEMS microphone for high signal-to-noise ratio (2013)

This paper reports on the state of the art silicon micromachined microphone utilizing a dual poly silicon membrane system. MEMS chips from 1.4mm down to 1.0mm side length are applied for mobile communication. Design aspects related with key performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ration and distortion are discussed. Sensitivity of - 38BV/Pa is achieved for different microphone membrane diameters. A maximum signal to noise ration of 66dB(A) for the largest system could be achieved. The perfect fit of simulation versus measurements enables deeper analysis and balancing of noise contributors. Environmental noise suppression of 5dB by acoustical high pass design is demonstrated.
CD56 Marks an Effector T Cell Subset in the Human Intestine (2007)

T cells are key mediators of intestinal immunity, and specific T cell subsets can have differing immunoregulatory roles in animal models of mucosal inflammation. In this study, we describe human CD56+ T cells as a morphologically distinct population expressing a mature, nonproliferative phenotype that is frequent in the gut. Enhanced potential for IFN-gamma and TNF synthesis suggested a proinflammatory function, and we directly demonstrate effector function mediated by direct T-T interaction with responder cells in vitro. CD56+ T cells from peripheral blood responded to the gut-related CD2 signal, and were necessary for effective CD2-mediated proliferation of peripheral blood CD56- T cells. Our findings associate CD56+ T cells with the intestinal immune compartment and suggest a putative effector function in human mucosal immunity.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Aberrant Expression of Mucin Core Proteins and O-Linked Glycans Associated with Progression of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 320K, Supplementary Figure 2. Representative immunohistochemical results for comparison of cancer fieldeffects in autopsy and resection tissue samples from the same patients. Two different autopsy patients who underwent surgical resection are presented. Serial sections stained for the antigens indicated are shown in the resection tissue samples alongside the autopsy samples of their primary tumors. 200x magnification.&lt;/p&gt;
Antibodies against insulin measured by electrochemiluminescence predicts insulitis severity and disease onset in non-obese diabetic mice and can distinguish human type 1 diabetes status (2011)

These novel, non-radioactive ECL-based assays should facilitate reliable and fast detection of antibodies to insulin and its precursors sera and plasma in a standardized manner between laboratories in both research and clinical settings. Our next step is to evaluate the human IA assay in the detection of IAA in prediabetic subjects or those at risk of type 1 diabetes and to develop similar assays for other autoantibodies that together are predictive for the diagnosis of this common disorder, in order to improve prediction and facilitate future therapeutic trials.
Ruthenium Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes. 1. Synthesis and Reactivity of Ru(HB(pz)3)(COD)X (X = Cl, Br) and Ru(HB(pz)3)(L2)Cl (L = Nitrogen and Phosphorus Donor Ligands) (1996)

The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a variety of new ruthenium complexes of the tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand (HB(pz)3) are reported in this paper. From the parent complex Ru(HB(pz)3)(COD)X (X = Cl, Br) the cationic derivatives [Ru(HB(pz)3)(COD)L]+ (L = H2O, CH3CN, pyridine, dmso) have been obtained by treatment with 1 equiv of AgCF3SO3 in CH2Cl2 solutions of L. Displacement of COD from these latter complexes has been accomplished in boiling dmf solutions of ligands L2 = Ph2PCH2PPh2 (dppm), Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2 (pn), and Me2NCH2CH2NMe2 (tmeda) as well as L = pyridine and 3-methylpyridine to give Ru(HB(pz)3)(L2)Cl and Ru(HB(pz)3)(L)2Cl, respectively, each in high yield. From some of these complexes, in turn, the chloride ion has been abstracted with either AgCF3SO3, TlCF3SO3, or NaBPh4 in CH3CN as the solvent. In this way we obtained [Ru(HB(pz)3)(dppm)(CH3CN)]CF3SO3, [Ru(HB(pz)3)(pn)(CH3CN)]BPh4, and [Ru(HB(pz)3)(tmeda)(CH3CN)]BPh4. Selected X-ray structures are included. Some of the complexes synthesized are efficient catalysts for the formation of selectively C−O-coupled products from the reaction of phenylacetylene with either benzoic acid or allyl alcohols.
Transparent, highly flexible, all nanowire network germanium photodetectors (2012)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of all nanowire (NW) network photodetectors. For this purpose, germanium (Ge) NW networks are used as active semiconducting elements, whereas single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and silver (Ag) NW networks are used as the contacts. Following their synthesis, all NW networks are deposited through simple solution based methods. Photoresponse characteristics and transparency of the photodetectors for different Ge NW densities are measured. The fabricated devices show a large response with short relaxation times (<10 ms), are flexible and transparent within the visible spectrum.
A machine-independent approach to parallel programming (2002)

A multitasking model for specifying parallelism in a machine-independent fashion is described. Parallel programs are decomposed into a set of concurrent tasks which work on local or shared data. The computation of a task is described as the computation of atomic actions or activities. Software tools translate multitasking specifications into a parallel representation of the program. A master-slaves execution model is used to provide machine independence, reliability, and load-balanced execution on a variety of parallel architectures. This model has been implemented on a heterogeneous network of workstations, a shared-memory multiprocessor, and a supercomputer. An example of the use of this methodology for a multiple-Doppler radar meteorology program is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proteolytic Processing of Chromogranins Is Modified in Brains of Transgenic Mice (2002)

In normal brain, secretogranin II and chromogranins A and S are extensively converted by endopeptidases to the peptides secretoneurin, GE-19, and PE-11, respectively. After genetic knockout of PC2 or its helper protein 7B2, but not after mutation of carboxypeptidase E, endoproteolytic processing decreased, as indicated by appearance of intermediate-sized processing products.