gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On determining optimum multirate structures for narrow-band FIR filters (1988)

Several lower bounds on the storage and multiplication rate required to implement a bandpass filter using multirate structures are developed. These lower bounds suggest hypothetical optimum structures that actual optimum structures are found to resemble. The hypothetical structures are useful for predicting the number of stages, decimation and interpolation factors, and cost of actual structures from knowledge of only the passband width, transition bandwidths, and tolerance specifications of the desired filter. The determination of the actual optimum structure for a given bandpass filter specification requires a search over the space of all possible solutions. The size of this space grows very rapidly as filter bandwidth decreases, and excessive computer time is required to search it exhaustively. A fast branch-and-bound algorithm to search this space is also presented. This algorithm, which is applicable for a large class of cost criteria, improves search time by one to two orders of magnitude for filters with passband width in the range 10/sup -3/-/sup -5/ cycles/sample.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Evaluation of a Novel Potent Autotaxin-Inhibitor (2022)

The autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid (ATX-LPA) signaling pathway plays a role in a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or neurodegeneration. A link to the pathogenesis of glaucoma is suggested by an overactive ATX-LPA axis in aqueous humor samples of glaucoma patients. Analysis of such samples suggests that the ATX-LPA axis contributes to the fibrogenic activity and resistance to aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. In order to inhibit or modulate this pathway, we developed a new series of ATX-inhibitors containing novel bicyclic and spirocyclic structural motifs. A potent lead compound (IC<sub>50</sub> against ATX: 6 nM) with good <i>in vivo</i> PK, favorable <i>in vitro</i> property, and safety profile was generated. This compound leads to lowered LPA levels <i>in vivo</i> after oral administration. Hence, it was suitable for chronic oral treatment in two rodent models of glaucoma, the experimental autoimmune glaucoma (EAG) and the ischemia/reperfusion models. In the EAG model, rats were immunized with an optic nerve antigen homogenate, while controls received sodium chloride. Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was induced by elevating the intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye to 140 mmHg for 60 min, followed by reperfusion, while the other untreated eye served as control. Retinae and optic nerves were evaluated 28 days after EAG or 7 and 14 days after I/R induction. Oral treatment with the optimized ATX-inhibitor lead to reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in both glaucoma models. In the optic nerve, the protective effect of ATX inhibition was less effective compared to the retina and only a trend to a weakened neurofilament distortion was detectable. Taken together, these results provide evidence that the dysregulation of the ATX-LPA axis in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients, in addition to the postulated outflow impairment, might also contribute to RGC loss. The observation that ATX-inhibitor treatment in both glaucoma models did not result in significant IOP increases or decreases after oral treatment indicates that protection from RGC loss due to inhibition of the ATX-LPA axis is independent of an IOP lowering effect.
2H1448 Three-dimensional tracking of gliding actin filament in an in vitro motility assay(Muscle,Oral Presentation,The 50th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2012)

Wc can measure the distance between spin labels on prorein complex on nanorneter sca]e by cw and pu]se ESR (1-3). Using putse ESR for reconstituted thin filament we previously found that thc rcgu]atory-switch rcgion of Tnl moves by --4 nm between TnC and presumably actin (4), The heart beating is controled by phosphorylation of cTni, Recent]y we measured the interspin distance between cTnC and regutatory-switch region of cTnl by cw-ESR, and found that cTnl binding to cTnC was loosened by PKA or PKC phosphorylation which may cause Ci' desensitizatien. We next examined how tropomyosin (Tm) and actin undergo structural changes in the thin filament in response to Ca!'. The side-chain mebility ofa spin labe] on the 1-284 a.a. ofTm showed unexpectedly no Ci' effect (5). The distance between Cys3 74 and Mn2' within actin monomer also increased by --O.2 nm when actin filament was decorated with Tm-Tn with and without Cai'. Thcn,
Making enterprise storage more search-friendly (2005)

The focus of this work is to determine how to enhance storage systems to make search and indexing faster and better able to produce relevant answers. Enterprise search engines often run in appliances that must access the file system through standard network file system protocols (NFS, CIFS). As such, they are not able to take advantage of features that may be offered by the storage system. This work explores the types of APIs that a storage system can expose to a search engine to better enable it to do its job. We make the case that by exposing certain information we can make search faster and more relevant.
The Effect of Collusion Games on the Profit of Primary Networks and Secondary Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Networks with Femtocells (2014)

This paper studies the effect of the different pricing games played by the primary user (PU) operators on the profit of both the PU networks and the cognitive base station (CBS). We show that the price achieved by the PU operators in the collusion game (called the Pareto point) is the maximum pr
Trap mechanism of micro bubble in micro concave patterns (2006)

The micro bubbles condense in the concave channel and are trapped at the channel corner. In the experiments, the deionized (DI) water is dropped on a dry film resist (DFR) pattern. In the result, the micro bubble condensed and trapped at the different position in various shape patterns. The removal of micro bubbles adhered on a resist pattern has been recognized as one important factor in micro device manufacturing. We explained the condensation behavior of the micro bubble based on thermodynamics. The force acting on the bubble is estimated based on the force balance model between buoyancy and line tension. We can control and predict the micro bubble condensation by designing micro pattern arrangement.
Selective Placement of Fractures in Horizontal Wells in Offshore Brazil Demonstrates Effectiveness of Hydrajet Stimulation Process (2004)

Abstract Cased cemented completions have not been the preferred horizontal-well completion method in offshore Brazil. Lower-cost solutions such as uncemented preperforated liners were often used in completing horizontal wells offshore and are usually very effective. Often, however, low producing rates mean stimulation treatments become necessary for many wells. The use of conventional stimulation technology has generally been ineffective for these completions, which posed a challenge for the operator to find an effective solution for continuing developments in some fields. These challenges included re-evaluating the more expensive cased cemented completions to allow more effective options for future stimulation, as well as trying to find newer stimulation techniques that can be effective with lower-cost completions (noncemented liners). In the attempt to find an economical yet effective stimulation solution, the operator chose to implement a unique and relatively new hydrajet stimulation technique that has a proven success rate in onshore applications. The technique can be applied in either sandstone or carbonate formations, which are commonplace in this field; therefore, stimulation plans in this area will include fracture acidizing as well as propped fracture stimulations that use a high concentration of proppants or curable resin-coated proppants (RCP). This paper discusses the early results of this investigation. Wells that were completed and evaluated using different completion schemes are reviewed.
Efficient, halide free synthesis of new, low cost ionic liquids: 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts containing methyl- and ethyl-sulfate anions (2002)

New low-cost ionic liquids containing methyl- and ethyl-sulfate anions can be easily and efficiently prepared under ambient conditions by the reaction of 1-alkylimidazoles with dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate. The preparation and characterization of a series of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium alkyl sulfate and 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium alkyl sulfate salts are reported. 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium salts containing at least one non-methyl N-alkyl substituent are liquids at, or below room, temperature. Three salts were crystalline at room temperature, the single crystal X-ray structure of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate was determined and shows the formation of discrete ribbons comprising of two anion–cation hydrogen-bonded chains linked via intra-chain hydrogen-bonding, but little, or no inter-ribbon hydrogen-bonding. The salts are stable, water soluble, inherently ‘chloride-free’, display an electrochemical window of greater than 4 V, and can be used as alternatives to the corresponding halide salts in metathesis reactions to prepare other ionic liquids including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
Pancreatic β cell–selective zinc transporter 8 insufficiency accelerates diabetes associated with islet amyloidosis (2021)

GWAS have shown that the common R325W variant of SLC30A8 (ZnT8) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, ZnT8 haploinsufficiency is protective against T2D in humans, counterintuitive to earlier work in humans and mouse models. Therefore, whether decreasing ZnT8 activity is beneficial or detrimental to β cell function, especially under conditions of metabolic stress, remains unknown. In order to examine whether the existence of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a coresident of the insulin granule, affects the role of ZnT8 in regulating β cell function, hIAPP-expressing transgenics were generated with reduced ZnT8 (ZnT8B+/- hIAPP) or null ZnT8 (ZnT8B-/- hIAPP) expression specifically in β cells. We showed that ZnT8B-/- hIAPP mice on a high-fat diet had intensified amyloid deposition and further impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion compared with control, ZnT8B-/-, and hIAPP mice. This can in part be attributed to impaired glucose sensing and islet cell synchronicity. Importantly, ZnT8B+/- hIAPP mice were also glucose intolerant and had reduced insulin secretion and increased amyloid aggregation compared with controls. These data suggest that loss of or reduced ZnT8 activity in β cells heightened the toxicity induced by hIAPP, leading to impaired β cell function and glucose homeostasis associated with metabolic stress.
Effects of nonlinear propagation, cavitation, and boiling in lesion formation by high intensity focused ultrasound in a gel phantom (2006)

The importance of nonlinear acoustic wave propagation and ultrasound-induced cavitation in the acceleration of thermal lesion production by high intensity focused ultrasound was investigated experimentally and theoretically in a transparent protein-containing gel. A numerical model that accounted for nonlinear acoustic propagation was used to simulate experimental conditions. Various exposure regimes with equal total ultrasound energy but variable peak acoustic pressure were studied for single lesions and lesion stripes obtained by moving the transducer. Static overpressure was applied to suppress cavitation. Strong enhancement of lesion production was observed for high amplitude waves and was supported by modeling. Through overpressure experiments it was shown that both nonlinear propagation and cavitation mechanisms participate in accelerating lesion inception and growth. Using B-mode ultrasound, cavitation was observed at normal ambient pressure as weakly enhanced echogenicity in the focal region, but was not detected with overpressure. Formation of tadpole-shaped lesions, shifted toward the transducer, was always observed to be due to boiling. Boiling bubbles were visible in the gel and were evident as strongly echogenic regions in B-mode images. These experiments indicate that nonlinear propagation and cavitation accelerate heating, but no lesion displacement or distortion was observed in the absence of boiling.
Enhanced Syllable Discrimination Thresholds in Musicians (2013)

Speech processing inherently relies on the perception of specific, rapidly changing spectral and temporal acoustic features. Advanced acoustic perception is also integral to musical expertise, and accordingly several studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between musical training and superior processing of various aspects of speech. Speech and music appear to overlap in spectral and temporal features; however, it remains unclear which of these acoustic features, crucial for speech processing, are most closely associated with musical training. The present study examined the perceptual acuity of musicians to the acoustic components of speech necessary for intra-phonemic discrimination of synthetic syllables. We compared musicians and non-musicians on discrimination thresholds of three synthetic speech syllable continua that varied in their spectral and temporal discrimination demands, specifically voice onset time (VOT) and amplitude envelope cues in the temporal domain. Musicians demonstrated superior discrimination only for syllables that required resolution of temporal cues. Furthermore, performance on the temporal syllable continua positively correlated with the length and intensity of musical training. These findings support one potential mechanism by which musical training may selectively enhance speech perception, namely by reinforcing temporal acuity and/or perception of amplitude rise time, and implications for the translation of musical training to long-term linguistic abilities.
Sculpting the plasmonic responses of nanoparticles by directed electron beam irradiation (2021)

HAADF (high angle annular dark field) imaging and EELS (electron energy loss spectroscopy) data acquired by monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy (NION MACSTEM @ ORNL). This data is in numpy and json format which is commonly analyzed in a python environment.
Nitrogen Assimilation in Alfalfa: Isolation and Characterization of an Asparagine Synthetase Gene Showing Enhanced Expression in Root Nodules and Dark-Adapted Leaves (1997)

Lifang Shi, Scott N. Twary, Hirofumi Yoshioka, Robert G. Gregerson, Susan S. Miller, Deborah A. Samac, J. Stephen Gantt, Pat J. Unkefer, Carroll P. Vance, Nitrogen Assimilation in Alfalfa: Isolation and Characterization of an Asparagine Synthetase Gene Showing Enhanced Expression in Root Nodules and Dark-Adapted Leaves, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 8 (Aug., 1997), pp. 1339-1356
Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus (2014)

The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.
Specifying Weight Priors in Bayesian Deep Neural Networks with Empirical Bayes (2020)

Stochastic variational inference for Bayesian deep neural network (DNN) requires specifying priors and approximate posterior distributions over neural network weights. Specifying meaningful weight priors is a challenging problem, particularly for scaling variational inference to deeper architectures involving high dimensional weight space. We propose MOdel Priors with Empirical Bayes using DNN (MOPED) method to choose informed weight priors in Bayesian neural networks. We formulate a two-stage hierarchical modeling, first find the maximum likelihood estimates of weights with DNN, and then set the weight priors using empirical Bayes approach to infer the posterior with variational inference. We empirically evaluate the proposed approach on real-world tasks including image classification, video activity recognition and audio classification with varying complex neural network architectures. We also evaluate our proposed approach on diabetic retinopathy diagnosis task and benchmark with the state-of-the-art Bayesian deep learning techniques. We demonstrate MOPED method enables scalable variational inference and provides reliable uncertainty quantification.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of α‐Hydroxy Acids. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and testing of a millimeter-wave beam-steering mesh-grid array for 5<sup>th</sup> generation (5G) mobile communication handset devices (2014)

Summary form only given. The steady advancement of silicon and compound semiconductor technologies has triggered the possibility of utilizing millimeter-wave frequencies for next-generation cellular data networks (“5G”). In comparison to 4G networks, the millimeter-wave 5G network offers significant advantage in data throughput due to the much wider RF bandwidth. Recent publications by other authors in (T.S. Rappaport, Y. Qiao, J.I. Tamir, J.N. Murdock, and E. Ben-Dor, Radio and Wireless Symposium, 2012, IEEE, pp. 151-154) have successfully demonstrated the possibility of a millimeter-wave cellular network by characterizing the propagation and angle-of-arrival for an adaptive beam-steering system operating at 38 GHz with full consideration of obstructions by foliage and other structures. However, the advent of an affordable, low-profile beam steering antenna remains one of the most critical issues for future 5G devices. Deployment of a beam-steering antenna array within a cellular handset device is unprecedented in the wireless community. This paper presents a first-of-the-kind phased-array which is specifically conceived for future millimeter-wave 5G cellular networks. The technical challenges associated with the inherent properties of the utilized 28 GHz frequency band and the real-life design constraints in the consumer electronics industry are identified and addressed. The well-understood laser and mechanical via structure within a high-volume printed circuit board technology is used to devise a novel mesh-grid patch antenna element topology. The presented mesh-grid patch features a fan-beam radiation characteristic with a o measured 3dB elevation beamwidth of more than 130 . The required horizontal 2 footprint is less than 3 x 1 mm which is smaller by several factors compared to a conventional Yagi-Uda or a planar dipole topology. Furthermore, the proposed antenna element does not require a ground fill-cut region, greatly alleviating the space constraints when integrating within a cellular handset device. The antenna element is further expanded into a beam-steering phased array configuration and integrated within a cellular handset prototype. The far-field radiation patterns of the mesh-grid array are first measured independently in the anechoic chamber and the procedure is subsequently repeated after integration with the 28 GHz RF transceiver unit. The maximum scanning angles for both measurements are controlled by adjusting the phase configurations of each antenna elements within the array. Measurements confirm the 28 GHz mesh-grid array exhibits a o maximum boresight gain of more than 10.5 dBi and ±170 scanning range in the azimuthal plane despite the degradations incurred due to the cellular handset chassis.
Transoral robotic surgical resection followed by randomization to low- or standard-dose IMRT in resectable p16+ locally advanced oropharynx cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E3311). (2020)

6500 Background: ECOG-ACRIN 3311 examines reduced postoperative therapy in patients with “intermediate risk” p16+ oropharynx cancer (OPC) undergoing primary transoral surgical management. We report the primary endpoint of 2-year progression free survival (PFS) for patients randomized to 50Gy vs 60Gy without chemotherapy. Methods: Between December 2013 and July 2017, 82 credentialed surgeons performed transoral resection (TOS) for 519 OPC patients (cT1-2 stage III/IV AJCC7 without matted neck nodes); post-operative management was determined by pathologically assessed risk. Among 353 eligible and treated patients, Arm A enrolled 10% (N=37) for clear margins, 0-1 nodes, no extranodal extension (ENE)), Arms B (50Gy, N=102) or C (60Gy, N=104) randomized 58%, for clear/close margins, 2-4 + nodes, or ENE ≤1mm, while Arm D (N=110, 60-66Gy plus weekly cisplatin, 40 mg/m2, positive margin with any T stage, &gt;4 + nodes, or &gt;1mm ENE) enrolled 31%. Arm D assignment was based on &gt;1mm ENE (76%), &gt; 4 nodes (27%), and/or positive margins (11%). Intermediate-risk patients were stratified by smoking history (&gt;10 pk-yr). Of the 80 pts (15%) deemed ineligible, 28 had scans/labs not done per protocol, however treatment arm distribution for all patients mirrored that for the 353 pts eligible and treated. Results: Median follow-up was 31.8 months. 2 yr PFS for Arms A, B and C were 93.9% (90% CI=87.3%, 100%), 95.0% (90% CI=91.4%, 98.6%) and 95.9% (90% CI=92.6%, 99.3%) respectively, while Arm D was 90.5% (90% CI=85.9%, 95.3%). The regimen of TOS + low-dose radiation is considered worthy of further study, since the primary endpoint of the upper bound of the 90% CI (in the intermediate risk group) exceeding 85% was met. Of 17 progression events, 7 were locoregional. There were 10 distant recurrences: Arm A=1, Arm B=2, Arm C=4, Arm D=3. Grade III/IV treatment-related AE rates were 15%/2% during surgery, 13%/2% for Arm B and 25%/0% for Arm C. There were 2 treatment-related deaths (one surgical and one Arm D). Conclusions: Transoral resection of p16+ OPC is safe and results in good oncologic outcome, presenting a promising deintensification approach. For patients with low-risk disease, 2-yr PFS is favorable without post-operative therapy. For those with uninvolved surgical margins, &lt;5 involved nodes, and minimal (&lt;1mm) ENE, reduced dose postoperative RT without chemotherapy appears sufficient. Transoral surgery plus 50Gy should be compared to optimal non-surgical therapy in a phase III trial. Clinical trial information: NCT01898494 .