gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo tissue emulsification using millisecond boiling induced by high intensity focused ultrasound. (2011)

Shock-wave heating and millisecond boiling in high intensity focused ultrasound fields have been shown to result in mechanical emulsification of ex-vivo tissue. In this work, the same in situ exposures were applied in vivo in pig liver and in mice bearing 5–7 mm subcutaneous tumors (B16 melanoma) on the hind limb. Lesions were produced using a 2-MHz annular array in the case of pig liver (shock amplitudes up to 98 MPa) and a 3.4-MHz single-element transducer in the case of mouse tumors (shock amplitude of 67 MPa). The parameters of the pulsing protocol (1–500 ms pulse durations and 0.01–0.1 duty factor) were varied depending on the extent of desired thermal effect. All exposures were monitored using B-mode ultrasound. Mechanical and thermal tissue damage in the lesions was evaluated histologically using H&amp;E and NADH-diphorase staining. The size and shape of emulsified lesions obtained in-vivo agreed well with those obtained in ex-vivo tissue samples using the same exposure parameters. The lesions were successfully produced both in bulk liver tissue at depths of 1–2 cm and in superficial tumors at depths less than 1 mm without damaging the skin. [Work supported by NIH (DK070618, EB007643, and DK007742) and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Synthesis of Taxoids with Improved Cytotoxicity and Solubility for Use in Tumor-Specific Delivery (2004)

To develop effective taxane-antibody immunoconjugates, we have prepared a series of modified taxanes that have both improved toxicity and solubility in aqueous systems as compared to paclitaxel (1a). These taxanes have been modified at either the C-10 or C-7 position and were found to be very cytotoxic against both normal and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) cells, as well as up to 30 times more soluble than paclitaxel in various buffer systems.
Ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940–1993: incidence, prevalence, and survival (2000)

The overall incidence rate of ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County increased until the 1970s, and remained stable thereafter. Incidence rates among men and urban residents were significantly higher. The prevalence rate in Rochester in 1991 was 19% higher than that in 1980. Overall survival was similar to that of the general population.
Dynamics of radical ions of fluorinated polymer for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography (2015)

To realize extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for mass production of semiconductor devices, enhancements of performance of chemically amplified resist have been still important issue. In EUV resist, radiation chemical reactions occur after irradiations of the EUV light. Dynamics of chemical intermediates of EUV resist after exposure to the ionizing radiations is important for understanding new resist design. Fluorinated resists have been developed for ArF, F2, and EUV lithography. Fluorinated polymers are effective to enhance the sensitivity of the EUV resist because F atom has higher absorptivity of EUV photons. However, the fluorination effect on the radiation chemical reactions in the resist has not been clarified in detail. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of radical ions of fluorinated polymers (FPs) by pulse radiolysis method and quantum chemical calculations to clarify the reaction mechanism for EUV lithography.
A novel low-cost targeting system (LCTS) based upon a high-resolution 2D imaging laser radar (2005)

BAE SYSTEMS has developed a Low Cost Targeting System (LCTS) consisting of a FLIR for target detection, laser-illuminated, gated imaging for target identification, laser rangefinder and designator, GPS positioning, and auto-tracking capability within a small compact system size. This system has proven its ability to acquire targets, range and identify these targets, and designate or provide precise geo-location coordinates to these targets. The system is based upon BAE Systems proven micro-bolometer passive LWIR camera coupled with Intevac's new EBAPS camera. A dual wavelength diode pumped laser provides eyesafe ranging and target illumination, as well as designation; a custom detector module senses the return pulse for target ranging and to set the range gates for the gated camera. Intevac's camera is a CMOS based device with used selectable gate widths and can read at up to 28 frames/second when operated in VGA mode. The Transferred Electron photocathode enables high performance imaging in the SWIR band by enabling single photon detection at high quantum efficiency. Trials show that the current detectors offer complete extinction of signals outside of the gated range, thus, providing high resolution within the gated region. The images have shown high spatial resolution arising from the use of solid state focal plane array technology. Imagery has been collected in both the laboratory and the field to verify system performance during a variety of operating conditions.
Fibrinogen measurement in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: Analysis of repeatability and agreement of Clauss method within and between six different laboratories (2014)

Plasma fibrinogen concentration is important for coagulopathy assessment, and is most commonly measured using the Clauss method. Several factors, including device type and reagent, have been shown to affect results. The study objective was to evaluate performance and repeatability of the Clauss method and to assess differences between measurements performed during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), by testing plasma samples from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Samples were collected from 30 patients before surgery, approximately 20 minutes before weaning from CPB, and 5 minutes after CPB and protamine. Fibrinogen concentration was determined using the Clauss method at six quality-controlled specialised laboratories, according to accredited standard operating procedures. Regarding within-centre agreement for Clauss measurement, mean differences between duplicate measurements were between 0.00 g/l and 0.15 g/l, with intervals for 95% limits of agreement for mean Bland-Altman differences up to 1.3 g/l. Regarding between-centre agreement, some mean differences between pairs of centres were above 0.5 g/l. Differences of up to ~2 g/l were observed with individual samples. Increased variability was observed between centres, with inter-class correlation values below 0.5 suggesting only fair agreement. There were no significant differences in fibrinogen concentration before weaning from CPB and after CPB for most centres and methods. In conclusion, considerable differences exist between Clauss-based plasma fibrinogen measured using different detection methods. Nevertheless, the similarity between measurements shortly before weaning from CPB and after CPB within centres suggests that on-pump measurements could provide an early estimation of fibrinogen deficit after CPB and thus guidance for haemostatic therapy.
COUPLING BETWEEN A SUB-WAVELENGTH OPTICAL CAVITY AND A PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURE PROBED BY SERS (2012)

We report on the utilization of optical sub-wavelength quasi Fabry-Perot cavity coupled with the Raman microscopy to study the interaction between the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles and the surface plasmon resonance of a gold film. We show an enhancement of the Fabry-Perot oscillations when the distance between nanoparticle and gold film decrease.
Photo-Cross-Linked Hydrogels from Thermoresponsive PEGMEMA-PPGMA-EGDMA Copolymers Containing Multiple Methacrylate Groups: Mechanical Property, Swelling, Protein Release, and Cytotoxicity (2009)

Photo-cross-linked hydrogels from thermoresponsive polymers can be used as advanced injectable biomaterials via a combination of physical interaction (in situ thermal gelation) and covalent cross-links (in situ photopolymerization). This can lead to gels with significantly enhanced mechanical properties compared to non-photo-cross-linked thermoresponsive hydrogels. Moreover, the thermally phase-separated gels have attractive advantages over non-thermoresponsive gels because thermal gelation upon injection allows easy handling and holds the shape of the gels prior to photopolymerization. In this study, water-soluble thermoresponsive copolymers containing multiple methacrylate groups were synthesized via one-step deactivation enhanced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA, M(n) = 475), poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate (PPGMA, M(n) = 375), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and were used to form covalent cross-linked hydrogels by photopolymerization. The cross-linking density was found to have a significant influence on the mechanical and swelling properties of the photo-cross-linked gels. Release studies using lysozyme as a model protein demonstrated a sustained release profile that varied dependent on the copolymer composition, cross-linking density, and the temperature. Mouse C2C12 myoblast cells were cultured in the presence of the copolymers at concentrations up to 1 mg/mL. It was found that the majority of the cells remained viable, as assessed by Alamar Blue, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Live/Dead cell viability/cytotoxicity assays. These studies demonstrate that thermoresponsive PEGMEMA-PPGMA-EGDMA copolymers offer potential as in situ photopolymerizable materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications through a combination of facile synthesis, enhanced mechanical properties, tunable cross-linking density, low cytotoxicity, and accessible functionality for further structure modifications.
Incorporating Structured Representations into Pretrained Vision & Language Models Using Scene Graphs (2023)

Vision and language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot (ZS) performance in a variety of tasks. However, recent works have shown that even the best VLMs struggle to capture aspects of compositional scene understanding, such as object attributes, relations, and action states. In contrast, obtaining structured annotations, such as scene graphs (SGs), that could improve these models is time-consuming and costly, and thus cannot be used on a large scale. Here we ask whether small SG datasets can provide sufficient information for enhancing structured understanding of pretrained VLMs. We show that it is indeed possible to improve VLMs when learning from SGs by integrating components that incorporate structured information into both visual and textual representations. For the visual side, we incorporate a special "SG Component" in the image transformer trained to predict SG information, while for the textual side, we utilize SGs to generate fine-grained captions that highlight different compositional aspects of the scene. Our method improves the performance of several popular VLMs on multiple VL datasets with only a mild degradation in ZS capabilities.
Validation of Braided‐Stream Models: Spatial state‐space plots, self‐affine scaling, and island shapes (1998)

We present a comprehensive approach for validating braided‐stream models and apply it to a specific cellular braided‐stream model. The approach involves quantitative comparison of modeled and natural braided streams in terms of two main aspects: the sequential organization of their plan patterns studied using their state‐space characteristics and the hierarchical organization of their patterns studied in the framework of self‐affine scaling. These two aspects of braided streams are complementary to each other and taken together provide a sensitive test of the validity of a model of braided streams. The simple model we examine produces patterns that are similar to those of natural braided rivers in terms of both sequential organization and self‐affine scaling. This finding supports the conclusion that the nonlinear interactions between water and sediment in the model are the primary mechanisms responsible for shaping braided rivers in nature.
Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on 10-year mortality in the SYNTAX trial (2023)

Reduced LVEF was associated with an increased risk of 10-year mortality in patients revascularized either surgically or percutaneously. Compared to PCI, CABG was safe revascularization in patients with LVEF≤40 %. In patients with LVEF≥50 % individualized 10-year all-cause mortality predicted by SS-2020 was helpful in decision-making whilst the predictivity in patients with LVEF<50 % was poor.
Design of Al–Fe–Mn alloy for both high-temperature strength and sufficient processability of laser powder bed fusion (2023)

This paper presents a novel design concept for Al alloys with both sufficient laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processability and high-temperature mechanical performance using an Al–Fe–Mn ternary alloy with a refined α-Al/Al6M (M = Fe, Mn) two-phase microstructure. The near-eutectic (liquid → α-Al(fcc) + Al6M) composition of Al–2.5Fe–2Mn (mass%) was designed to avoid the formation of coarse primary intermetallics (having a detrimental effect on the PBF processability for densification) based on non-equilibrium liquidus projection thermodynamic calculations. The designed Al–2.5Fe–2Mn alloy powder exhibited sufficient L-PBF processability, and fully dense centimeter-sized samples (relative densities of above 99%) were successfully prepared. The L-PBF Al–2.5Fe–2Mn alloy samples exhibited a significantly refined solidification microstructure consisting of Al6M and α-Al phases in the melt-pool regions. Fe and Mn alloying elements contributed to the formation of nanoscale Al6M-phase particles and a high solid solution concentration in the α-Al matrix. The strength of the L-PBF Al–2.5Fe–2Mn alloy was slightly reduced at higher temperatures, but remained above 240 MPa at an elevated temperature of 300 °C. This superior high-temperature mechanical performance was attributed to the high thermal stability of the refined α-Al/Al6M two-phase microstructure and the formation of nanosized Al6M-phase precipitates.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer
STUDY ON OBSERVATION METHOD OF WATER PENETRATION INTO THE GROUND USING PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBER AND PORTABLE DEVICES (2022)

本研究はプラスチック光ファイバーによって作製した水分検知センサー（RRセンサー）が計測する光強度と，土壌水分計が計測する体積含水率の関係を明らかにすることを目的としている．スマートフォンなどの携帯端末用の光情報処理アプリケーションと土層カラムを用い，一定の散水強度で散水実験を行った結果，地盤への水分の浸透，疑似飽和状態から飽和状態への進展が光強度を計測することで概ね把握できる可能性が示された．また，体積含水率の増加に伴う光強度の変動速度は，疑似飽和状態を超過する付近から増大することが明らかになった．この結果はRRセンサーによる地盤中の光強度の計測結果を斜面の危険度評価に活用可能であることを示唆する．
Comment on “Clinical application of massively parallel sequencing‐based prenatal non‐invasive fetal trisomy test for trisomies 21 and 18 in 11 105 pregnancies with mixed risk factors” (2013)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
25.4 A 1/f noise upconversion reduction technique applied to Class-D and Class-F oscillators (2015)

The 1/f (flicker) noise upconversion degrades the close-in spectrum of CMOS RF oscillators. The resulting 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> phase noise (PN) can be an issue in PLLs with a loop bandwidth of <;1MHz, which practically implies all cellular phones. A previously published noise-filtering technique [1] and adding resistors in series with g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -device drains [2] have shown significant reduction of the 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> oscillator PN corner. However, the former needs an additional tunable inductor and the latter degrades PN in the 20dB/dec region.
Neuronal and glial prostaglandin D synthase isozymes in chick dorsal root ganglia: a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study (1995)

Homogenates of chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in vitro cultures of DRG neurons are known to synthesize prostaglandin (PG) D2. To specify the PGD synthase isozymes controlling PGD2 synthesis in DRG and to identify the DRG cells responsible for this synthesis, we applied polyclonal antibodies raised against rat brain or rat spleen PGD synthase isozymes to vibratome or cryostat slices of DRG previously fixed with a formaldehyde-lysine-periodate mixture and permeabilized with Triton X-100. The immunoreactivity indicating rat spleen PGD synthase, a glutathione (GSH)-requiring enzyme, was located in satellite cells encompassing particular large neurons of class A and in Schwann cells myelinating and enwrapping their initial axonal segments. In contrast, the immunoreactivity of rat brain PGD synthase, a GSH-independent enzyme, was restricted to particular ganglion cell perikarya: 33% of the DRG neurons were immunostained for rat brain PGD synthase, including 2% of large class A neurons and 40% of small class B neurons. Only 3.3% of rat brain PGD synthase-immunoreactive small B neurons coexpressed substance P, indicating that the immunoreactive neurons belong to the B1 subclass. By electron microscopy, 71 of 72 immunoreactive DRG cells were identified as small B neurons of the B1 subclass, and 71 of 77 B1 neurons were immunoreactive for rat brain PGD synthase. These results demonstrate that PGD2 formation in DRG is regulated by two isozymes: the GSH-requiring isozyme located in satellite and Schwann cells and the GSH-independent isozyme-confined to small B1 neurons.
Importance of adequate heparin dosage in arterial angioplasty in a porcine model. (1988)

Acute occlusion after a successful angioplasty is a severe complication that has been reported in 2-12% of patients. Therefore, to determine whether there was a relation between the dosage of heparin and the presence of mural thrombosis, we studied in a pig model the relation between the dosage of heparin and acute platelet-thrombus deposition on the site of arterial injury. We retrospectively analyzed the effect of three heparin regimens on platelet deposition in 32 normal pigs (mean weight, 32.7 kg) that underwent bilateral carotid angioplasty and were sacrificed 90 +/- 26 minutes later. Pigs in protocol 1 (n = 7) received an intravenous bolus injection of 4,000 units heparin 10 minutes before angioplasty. Pigs in protocol 2 (n = 11) received two bolus injections of 4,000 units heparin 40 minutes apart; the angioplasty was performed immediately after the second bolus. Pigs in protocol 3 (n = 14) had an initial 4,000-unit bolus injection of heparin followed immediately by an infusion of 4,000 units/hr; angioplasty was performed 20 minutes after starting the infusion. 111In-labeled platelet deposition on deeply injured (torn into the media) arterial segments were 86.3 +/- 68, 56.2 +/- 56.9, and 37.7 +/- 37.7 X 10(6)/cm2 for protocols 1, 2, and 3, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhaled Asbestos Exacerbates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice via CD4 + T Cells (2008)

Our findings show that the degree of lung inflammation and fibrosis does not correlate directly with cardiovascular effects of inhaled asbestos fibers and support a critical role of CD4(+) T cells in linking fiber-induced pulmonary signaling to consequent activation of AP-1- and NF-kappaB-regulated genes in atherogenesis.
Direct imaging of sketched conductive nanostructures at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface (2017)

Nanoscale control of the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interface by a conductive probe tip has triggered the development of a number of electronic devices. While the spatial distribution of the conductance is crucial for such devices, it is challenging to directly visualize the local electrical properties at the buried interface. Here, we demonstrate conductivity imaging of sketched nanostructures at the LAO/STO interface by microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) with a lateral resolution on the order of 100 nm. The sheet conductance extracted from the MIM data agrees with the transport measurement. The tip-induced insulator-to-metal transition is observed above a threshold voltage of +4 V. Our work paves the way for studying emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces by probing nanoscale conductance distribution.
A relation-based services management mechanism for service computing (2010)

In this paper we propose a service management mechanism based on a relational model, in which all services to be managed are represented, and operations for services are relational operations using SQL. To define the model, we use Web Services Description Language (WSDL) descriptions and extract information. To use SQL for relational operations for service management, we introduce a new operator to check assignability. Through this definition and introduction we can manage services by relational operations, such as service invoke, service collaboration, and service composition. It also becomes easy to collaborate services and data in relational databases since users can access both via a single SQL query. We present an example of implementation built on the Knowledge Cluster System, a type of service computing environment we are developing.
New materials for modulators and switches in silicon photonics (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In this presentation we will report on our recent work on new materials that can be monolithically integrated on high-index contrast silicon or silicon nitride photonic ICs to enhance their functionality.This includes graphene and other 2D-materials for realizing compact electro-absorption modulators and non-linear devices, ferroelectric materials for realizing phase modulators and adiabatic couplers for realizing bistable switches.
Data from Selective Inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 as a Potential Therapeutic Option for B-ALL (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently emerged as efficacious therapies that target epigenetic mechanisms in hematologic malignancies. One such hematologic malignancy, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), may be highly dependent on epigenetic regulation for leukemia development and maintenance, and thus sensitive to small-molecule inhibitors that target epigenetic mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A panel of B-ALL cell lines was tested for sensitivity to HDACi with varying isoform sensitivity. Isoform-specific shRNAs were used as further validation of HDACs as relevant therapeutic targets in B-ALL. Mouse xenografts of B-cell malignancy–derived cell lines and a pediatric B-ALL were used to demonstrate pharmacologic efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Nonselective HDAC inhibitors were cytotoxic to a panel of B-ALL cell lines as well as to xenografted human leukemia patient samples. Assessment of isoform-specific HDACi indicated that targeting HDAC1-3 with class I HDAC-specific inhibitors was sufficient to inhibit growth of B-ALL cell lines. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 or HDAC2 resulted in growth inhibition in these cells. We then assessed a compound that specifically inhibits only HDAC1 and HDAC2. This compound suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in B-ALL cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, whereas it was far less effective against other B-cell–derived malignancies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Here, we show that HDAC inhibitors are a potential therapeutic option for B-ALL, and that a more specific inhibitor of HDAC1 and HDAC2 could be therapeutically useful for patients with B-ALL. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2348–58. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A geometrical shift results in erroneous appearance of low frequency tissue eddy current induced phase maps (2015)

The conductivity scaling of LF phase maps is attributable to the RF phase leakage, thus dependent on the RF conductivity. In fact, simulations show that the LF phase is not measurable. Magn Reson Med 76:905-912, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.