gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilayer thin-film MCM-D for the integration of high-performance RF and microwave circuits (2001)

Thin-film multi-layer MCM-D technology using the system in a package concept is presented as a viable approach for the integration of high performance wireless front-end systems. Due to the high quality dielectrics and copper metallization, high quality transmission lines and inductors are available. This, together with the integrated passives design library containing scalable equivalent models for the inductors, capacitors, resistors, transmission lines and discontinuities, allows easy and accurate co-design between the passive and active devices. Examples of bandpass filters, power dividers, quadrature couplers, microwave feedthroughs, a DECT VCO and a 14 GHz LNA are given.
Perturbative numerical modeling of microstructure fibers (2004)

Modeling of microstructure fibers often involves severe computational bottlenecks, in particular when a design space with many degrees of freedom must be analyzed. Perturbative versions of numerical mode-solvers can substantially reduce the computational burden of problems involving automated optimization or irregularity analysis, where perturbations arise naturally. A basic theory is presented for perturbative multipole and boundary element methods, and the speed and accuracy of the methods are demonstrated. The specific optimization results in an elliptical-hole birefringent fiber design, with substantially higher birefringence than the intuitive unoptimized design.
Efficacy of Systemically Administered Mutant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSVΔ51) Combined with Radiation for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2008)

Our data represent the first report showing that EBV-positive NPC cells are exquisitely sensitive to VSVDelta51 oncolysis and documenting the successful utilization of this combinatorial regimen as a novel curative therapeutic strategy for NPC.
Perceptual tuning of low-level color and texture features for image segmentation (2005)

We perform subjective tests to determine the key parameters of low-level texture and color features for a previously proposed image segmentation algorithm. The parameters include thresholds for texture classification and feature similarity, as well as the window size for texture estimation. The subjective tests use small isolated patches of textures that correspond to homogeneous texture and color distributions. The goal is to determine what information such small image patches convey to human observers, and to relate those to image statistics. We show that this perceptual tuning of the segmentation algorithm leads to significant performance improvements.
Inverse scattering subseries direct removal of multiples and depth imaging and inversion of primaries without subsurface information: Strategy and recent advances (2007)

This paper provides: (1) a review of the logic and promise behind the isolated task inverse‐scattering sub‐series concept for achieving all processing objectives directly in terms of data only, without knowing or determining or estimating the properties that govern wave propagation in the actual earth; (2) the recognition that an effective response to pressing seismic challenges requires understanding that those challenges arise when assumptions, and prerequisites behind current leading edge seismic processing are not satisfied and that those failures can be attributed to: (A) insufficient acquisition, and/or (B) compute power and (C) bumping into algorithmic limitations and assumptions, and (3) the status and plans of the inverse series campaign to address the fundamental algorithmic limitations of processing methods, that are not addressed by more complete acquisition and faster computers.
Optical Investigations of the Ignition-Relevant Spray Characteristics from a Piezo-Injector for Spray-Guided Spark-Ignited Engines (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The spray-guided combustion process offers a high potential for fuel savings in gasoline engines in the part load range. In this connection, the injector and spark plug are arranged in close proximity to one another, as a result of which mixture formation is primarily shaped by the dynamics of the fuel spray. The mixture formation time is very short, so that at the time of ignition the velocity of flow is high and the fuel is still largely present in liquid form. The quality of mixture formation thus constitutes a key aspect of reliable ignition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this article, the spray characteristics of an outward-opening piezo injector are examined using optical testing methods under pressure chamber conditions and the results obtained are correlated with ignition behaviour in-engine. The global spray formation is examined using high-speed visualisation methods, particularly with regard to cyclical fluctuations. In order to characterise the recirculation zone of the hollow cone spray that is relevant to the ignition behaviour, laser-optical measuring methods were used. It was possible to achieve a significant increase in knowledge, in particular by combining different methods. Both droplet diameter and velocity were determined with a high degree of temporal and spatial resolution using Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA). Furthermore, an extinction measurement method was used with which the liquid part of the fuel in the recirculation zone of the outward-opening piezo injector could be quantitatively determined under experimental conditions for the first time. To do this, a new approach was developed for calculating the mean extinction coefficients. In conjunction with the results of the PDA measurements it was thus possible to determine the air/fuel equivalence ratio achieved with the liquid fuel phase. The tests were carried out for a typical partial load range point whilst varying the number of injections, the chamber pressure and the injector control parameters. By comparing the spray sizes with the misfire rates determined in-engine, it was possible to assess the spray status with regard to ignition behaviour.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An 8-bit 3.2GS/S CMOS time-interleaved SAR ADC with non-buffered input demultiplexing (2018)

An 8-bit, 3.2 GS/s, time interleaved (TI) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a non-buffered hierarchical demultiplexing architecture is proposed and fabricated. Compared to a typical hierarchical TI-ADC, (i) all track-and-hold (T&H) related noise sources and (ii) wide-band amplifiers for buffering of the input signal are avoided. In this way, the proposed solution can improve the signal-to-noise-ratio and reduce power consumption. The concept is demonstrated in an 8-bit 3.2 GS/s TI-ADC design based on 32 asynchronous SAR ADCs and fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS process. The prototype includes (i) a programmable delay cell array to adjust four front sampling phases, and (ii) a 25.6 Gb/s low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface. Measurements of the fabricated TI-ADC show 44.6 dB of peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio and 105 mW of power consumption at 1.2 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Ideas about Monoamine Oxidase (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in chromosome 3p14.1- 3p14.2 are associated with susceptibility of type 2 diabetes with cataract. (2010)

The major functions of the genes are voltage-dependent anion-selective channel proteins, long myosin light chain kinase, adenylyl cyclase-associated proteins and retinoic acid receptors and are all closely related with the pathogenesis of T2D and cataractogenesis. This has helped us understand the pathogenesis of T2D patients with cataracts.
Data from JNJ-28312141, a novel orally active colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor/FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase-3 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential utility in solid tumors, bone metastases, and acute myeloid leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;There is increasing evidence that tumor-associated macrophages promote the malignancy of some cancers. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is expressed by many tumors and is a growth factor for macrophages and mediates osteoclast differentiation. Herein, we report the efficacy of a novel orally active CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) kinase inhibitor, JNJ-28312141, in proof of concept studies of solid tumor growth and tumor-induced bone erosion. H460 lung adenocarcinoma cells did not express CSF-1R and were not growth inhibited by JNJ-28312141 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Nevertheless, daily p.o. administration of JNJ-28312141 caused dose-dependent suppression of H460 tumor growth in nude mice that correlated with marked reductions in F4/80&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor-associated macrophages and with increased plasma CSF-1, a possible biomarker of CSF-1R inhibition. Furthermore, the tumor microvasculature was reduced in JNJ-28312141–treated mice, consistent with a role for macrophages in tumor angiogenesis. In separate studies, JNJ-28312141 was compared with zoledronate in a model in which MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma cells inoculated into the tibias of rats led to severe cortical and trabecular bone lesions. Both agents reduced tumor growth and preserved bone. However, JNJ-28312141 reduced the number of tumor-associated osteoclasts superior to zoledronate. JNJ-28312141 exhibited additional activity against FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3). To more fully define the therapeutic potential of this new agent, JNJ-28312141 was evaluated in a FLT3-dependent acute myeloid leukemia tumor xenograft model and caused tumor regression. In summary, this novel CSF-1R/FLT3 inhibitor represents a new agent with potential therapeutic activity in acute myeloid leukemia and in settings where CSF-1–dependent macrophages and osteoclasts contribute to tumor growth and skeletal events. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(11):3151–61]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
OpenMessenger (2008)

The initiation of interaction in face-to-face environments is a gradual process, and takes place in a rich information landscape of awareness, attention, and social signals. One of the main benefits of this process is that people can be more sensitive to issues of privacy and interruption while they are moving towards interaction. However, on-line communication tools do not provide this subtlety, and often lead to unwanted interruptions. We have developed a prototype message system called OpenMessenger (OM) that adds the idea of gradual initiation of interaction to on-line communication. OpenMessenger provides multiple levels of awareness about people, and provides notification to those about whom information is being gathered. OpenMessenger allows people to negotiate interaction in a richer fashion than is possible with any other current messaging system. Preliminary evaluation data suggest the utility of the approach, but also shows that there are a number of issues yet to be resolved in this area.
Effect of System Mass on The Design Performance of Double-Sided Thomson Coil Actuator (2022)

Double-Sided Thomson Coil Actuator (DS-TCA) is a proper candidate to meet the requirements of the DC modern grids Circuit Breakers (CBs). This is attributed to the topology advantages, which are simple structure, ultra-fast response of the moving component, and manageable losses compared to conventional solenoid-based actuators. Therefore, this paper presents the design of DS-TCA that is a part of a Medium Voltage (MV) hybrid CB. Furthermore, a DS-TCA has been analyzed with the consideration of the masses attached to the moving component which tends to slow down the response of the actuator. Nevertheless, the design is able to satisfy the application specifications. Moreover, mechanical analysis on the movable part has been performed to ensure safety operation for the considered design. In addition, thermal calculations have also been performed to ensure safe operation and to show the temperature rise as a function of mass.
Optical fiber and information theory (2010)

We apply information theory to optical fibers in the context of transmitting information in optical networks. We define a ¿fiber channel¿ suitable for such networks and present fiber capacity estimates for transmission over 500 km. We compare our capacity estimates to recent record capacity experiments.
Controlling Structure and Porosity in Catalytic Nanoparticle Superlattices with DNA* (2020)

Herein, the author describes a strategy for converting catalytically inactive, highly crystalline nanoparticle superlattices embedded in silica into catalytically active, porous structures through superlattice assembly and calcination. The use of DNA to program the formation of nanoparticle superlattices has evolved into a general method that provides deliberate control over crystal symmetry, lattice parameters, composition, and, in certain cases, crystal habit. For catalytic applications, the presence of a dense environment of oligonucleotides throughout the superlattices obstructs access to the surface of the nanoparticle. It was anticipated that the silica support and predefined nanoparticle spacings in the superlattices would impart stability to the system under catalytic conditions. Unless otherwise stated, all reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used without further purification. Superlattices were transferred to the solid state using the modified silica embedding method as previously described.
Multi‐Radio Access (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Multi Radio Access – Problems and State of the Art The AN Multi-Radio Access Architecture Access Selection Challenging Multi-Radio Access Networking Scenarios Deployment Cost Savings Migration Issues Conclusion, Outlook and Further Work
Complete DNA Sequence and Detailed Analysis of the Yersinia pestis KIM5 Plasmid Encoding Murine Toxin and Capsular Antigen (1998)

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, harbors at least three plasmids necessary for full virulence of the organism, two of which are species specific. One of the Y. pestis-specific plasmids, pMT1, is thought to promote deep tissue invasion, resulting in more acute onset of symptoms and death. We determined the entire nucleotide sequence of Y. pestis KIM5 pMT1 and identified potential open reading frames (ORFs) encoded by the 100,990-bp molecule. Based on codon usage for known yersinial genes, homology with known proteins in the databases, and potential ribosome binding sites, we determined that 115 of the potential ORFs which we considered could encode polypeptides in Y. pestis. Five of these ORFs were genes previously identified as being necessary for production of the classic virulence factors, murine toxin (MT), and the fraction 1 (F1) capsule antigen. The regions of pMT1 encoding MT and F1 were surrounded by remnants of multiple transposition events and bacteriophage, respectively, suggesting horizontal gene transfer of these virulence factors. We identified seven new potential virulence factors that might interact with the mammalian host or flea vector. Forty-three of the remaining 115 putative ORFs did not display any significant homology with proteins in the current databases. Furthermore, DNA sequence analysis allowed the determination of the putative replication and partitioning regions of pMT1. We identified a single 2,450-bp region within pMT1 that could function as the origin of replication, including a RepA-like protein similar to RepFIB, RepHI1B, and P1 and P7 replicons. Plasmid partitioning function was located ca. 36 kb from the putative origin of replication and was most similar to the parABS bacteriophage P1 and P7 system. Y. pestis pMT1 encoded potential genes with a high degree of similarity to a wide variety of organisms, plasmids, and bacteriophage. Accordingly, our analysis of the pMT1 DNA sequence emphasized the mosaic nature of this large bacterial virulence plasmid and provided implications as to its evolution.
Thermochromic and Photovoltaic Properties of an Alternating Copolymer of Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene and Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of a new alternating conjugated polymer, PDTTTPD, based on electron‐donating dithieno[3,2‐ b :2′,3′‐ d ]thiophene (DTT) and electron‐withdrawing thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) units is reported. This polymer shows strong thermochromic effect in chlorobenzene with a peak shift up to 170 nm. This phenomenon is studied with fluorescence spectroscopy and related to the steric hindrance along the polymer main chain. Polymer solar cells are fabricated from its blends with PC 71 BM, and shows modest power conversion efficiency up to 2.1%. The low efficiency is due to the low short‐circuit current, which is also attributed to the steric effect. Based on these results, a general design rule for polymer photovoltaic material with controlled backbone conformation is proposed.
Enhanced Digital Modulation of Coherent Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays (2018)

A 2×1 coherent ion-implanted photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting phased laser array is digitally modulated at 36 Gb/s for error-free transmission. A dual-channel modulation scheme is implemented and digital modulation enhancement arising from coherence is studied.
NO chemical events in the human airway during the immediate and late antigen-induced asthmatic response (2001)

A wealth of evidence supports increased NO (NO.) in asthma, but its roles are unknown. To investigate how NO participates in inflammatory airway events in asthma, we measured NO. and NO. chemical reaction products [nitrite, nitrate, S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and nitrotyrosine] before, immediately and 48 h after bronchoscopic antigen (Ag) challenge of the peripheral airways in atopic asthmatic individuals and nonatopic healthy controls. Strikingly, NO(3)(-) was the only NO. derivative to increase during the immediate Ag-induced asthmatic response and continued to increase over 2-fold at 48 h after Ag challenge in contrast to controls [P < 0.05]. NO(2)(-) was not affected by Ag challenge at 10 min or 48 h after Ag challenge. Although SNO was not detectable in asthmatic airways at baseline or immediately after Ag, SNO increased during the late response to levels found in healthy controls. A model of NO. dynamics derived from the current findings predicts that NO. may have harmful effects through formation of peroxynitrite, but also subserves an antioxidant role by consuming reactive oxygen species during the immediate asthmatic response, whereas nitrosylation during the late asthmatic response generates SNO, safe reservoirs for removal of toxic NO. derivatives.
Cross-correlation-based transverse flow measurements using optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy with a digital micromirror device (2013)

A cross-correlation-based method is proposed to quantitatively measure transverse flow velocity using optical resolution photoacoustic (PA) microscopy enhanced with a digital micromirror device (DMD). The DMD is used to alternately deliver two spatially separated laser beams to the target. Through cross-correlation between the slow-time PA profiles measured from the two beams, the speed and direction of transverse flow are simultaneously derived from the magnitude and sign of the time shift, respectively. Transverse flows in the range of 0.50 to 6.84 mm/s are accurately measured using an aqueous suspension of 10-μm-diameter microspheres, and the root-mean-squared measurement accuracy is quantified to be 0.22 mm/s. The flow measurements are independent of the particle size for flows in the velocity range of 0.55 to 6.49 mm/s, which was demonstrated experimentally using three different sizes of microspheres (diameters: 3, 6, and 10 μm). The measured flow velocity follows an expected parabolic distribution along the depth direction perpendicular to the flow. Both maximum and minimum measurable velocities are investigated for varied distances between the two beams and varied total time for one measurement. This technique shows an accuracy of 0.35 mm/s at 0.3-mm depth in scattering chicken breast, making it promising for measuring flow in biological tissue.
Use of Vitreous-Ceramic Coatings on Reinforcing Steel for Pavements (2009)

An innovative vitreous-ceramic coating for reinforcing steel that incorporates reactive calcium silicates from portland cement in an alkali-resistant glass has been shown both to increase the bond between the concrete to the reinforcing steel and to protect the steel from corrosion. The new enamel coating eliminates the weak layer that is associated with the interface between the steel and surrounding concrete. The vitreous coating is applied to the steel using the same process involved in porcelain enameling. In applying the enamel, the rod is coated with a porcelain slip containing portland cement and heated to approximately 1,562 °F (850 °C) for 5 to 10 minutes to allow the molten glass to fuse to the surface of the iron and the portland-cement component to become bonded to and embedded in the glass. The result is a tough, abrasion-resistant, hermetically-tight coating that develops the adhering properties of a portland-cement paste when contacted by fresh concrete. Bleed water from the fresh concrete that normally produces a weak interfacial transition zone is taken up by the hydration of the surface layer of reactive calcium silicate. After only 7 days of curing, the chemical bond that forms is typically three to four times greater than that observed at the surface of undeformed, bare steel. The bond from the coated steel is as strong as the bonds between cement grains in the curing concrete. The lack of a weak interface results in the bond strength at the surface of the reinforcement increasing and not decreasing as the surrounding concrete cures and shrinks. If microcracks develop in the coating, unreacted cement grains embedded in the glass coating will hydrate, forming calcium silicate hydrate gel, and raise the alkalinity. The self-healing effect in the glassy layer helps to protect the underlying steel. In the construction of concrete pavement, the reactive, vitreous ceramic coating may permit shorter splices. The coating can also help insure that the shrinkage fractures that develop in pavement during curing remain within the desired tolerance limits. Since porcelain enamel does not delaminate, capillary transport under the coating does not occur. Porcelain enamels are considered the most durable and chemically-resistant coatings that can be put on steel. They can provide protection even in aggressive, high-chloride environments such as salt-treated pavement.
Radar based technology for non-contact monitoring of accumulation of blood in the head: A numerical study (2017)

While radar can be used to monitor ACBH non-invasively and from a distance, the observed Mie region dependent oscillatory relation between blood volume size and wavelength requires further investigation. Classifiers, multifrequency algorithms or ultra-wide band radar are possible solutions that should be explored in the future.