gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical thin films for waveguide applications (1994)

The development of optical thin films for waveguide applications will enable a variety of new and highly useful optoelectronic functions. Many difficulties must be overcome, however, before optical films can be used in photonics applications. Properties such as polycrystallinity, surface topography, and refractive-index homogeneity can affect the performance of optical thin film waveguides to a much greater extent than in other thin film applications because of the long optical interaction lengths. Even a small degree of polycrystallinity in anisotropic media, for example, can be a significant source of optical scattering. We review recent results of epitaxial lithium tantalate thin films grown as waveguide structures on sapphire and gallium arsenide substrates. Highly oriented crystalline structures with useful optical properties have been demonstrated. Although many challenges still remain before optical thin films are used widely as waveguides, modern thin film technology is beginning to provide the tools and capabilities to make these concepts a reality.
Improving the creation and reporting of structured findings during digital pathology review (2016)

These results show that it is feasible to simplify the reporting tasks in a way that is not distracting, while at the same time being able to automatically extract the key findings. This simplification is possible due to the realization that the structured format needed for automatic extraction of data can be used to offload the pathologists' working memory during the diagnostic review.
Brownian diffusion and electrophoretic transport of double-stranded DNA in agarose gels (1999)

The field free diffusion constant and the electric field dependence of the electrophoretic mobility and molecular orientation of DNA samples from 5 to 164 kilobase pairs in agarose gels from 0.5 to 2% have been measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and birefringence. In conditions where the reptation predictions hold for the field free diffusion, they partially fail for the DNA size dependence of the low field limit of the electrophoretic mobility. The linear field dependencies of the electrophoretic mobility and orientation factor seem to favor the biased reptation model with fluctuations over the standard biased reptation model, which predicts a quadratic field dependence. The quantitative analysis of the molecular parameters shows, however, that most experiments have been carried out at values of the field where the difference between the two models may be less conclusive. The pore size dependence of the different quantities has been given a particular attention and the role of the distribution of pore sizes in the departures from the reptation predictions is discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 50: 45–59, 1999
Increased Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Expression and Signaling Are Components of Androgen-Independent Progression in a Lineage-Derived Prostate Cancer Progression Model (2004)

Apoptosis and inhibition of mitosis are primary mechanisms mediating androgen ablation therapy-induced regression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa readily becomes androgen independent, leading to fatal disease. Up-regulated growth and survival signaling is implicated in development of resistance to androgen ablation therapy. We are testing the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor (IGF) responsiveness is required for androgen-independent (AI) progression. Using the LNCaP human PCa progression model, we have determined that IGF-I-mediated protection from apoptotic stress and enhanced mitotic activity is androgen dependent in LNCaP cells but is androgen independent in lineage-derived C4-2 cells. Both cell lines exhibit androgen-responsive patterns of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression, activation, and signaling to insulin receptor substrate-2 and AKT. However, C4-2 cells express higher levels of IGF-IR mRNA and protein and exhibit enhanced IGF-I-mediated phosphorylation and downstream signaling under androgen-deprived conditions. In comparisons of naive and AI metastatic human PCa specimens, we have confirmed that IGF-IR levels are elevated in advanced disease. Together with our LNCaP/C4-2 AI progression model data, these results indicate that increased IGF-IR expression is associated with AI antiapoptotic and promitotic IGF signaling in PCa disease progression.
Well Arranged PDLC Droplets in Grating Structures Inducing the Reduction of Driving Voltage (2019)

Grating structures were integrated in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) device and induced the arrangement of PDLC droplets which haven’t been reported. In addition, the driving voltage was reduced.
A Preliminary Proposal for Quality Control Assessment and Harmonization of Leukocytes Morphology-Structural Parameters (Cell Population Data Parameters) (2018)

The imprecision of CPD parameters was acceptable, except for those reflecting the dispersion of cellular clusters. Due to the lack of reference control materials, we showed that the use of data generated on a large number of normal routine samples (i.e., a Moving Average population) may be a reliable approach for testing analyzers harmonization. Nevertheless, availability of both calibration and quality control materials for these parameters is highly advisable in the future. We finally showed that whole blood samples may be stable for up to 2-4 hours for most CPD parameters.
Eyegaze Analysis of Displays With Combined 2D and 3D Views (2006)

Displays combining both 2D and 3D views have been shown to support higher performance on certain visualization tasks. However, it is not clear how best to arrange a combination of 2D and 3D views spatially in a display. In this study, we analyzed the eyegaze strategies of participants using two arrangements of 2D and 3D views to estimate the relative position of objects in a 3D scene. Our results show that the 3D view was used significantly more often than individual 2D views in both displays, indicating the importance of the 3D view for successful task completion. However, viewing patterns were significantly different between the two displays: transitions through centrally-placed views were always more frequent, and users avoided saccades between views that were far apart. Although the change in viewing strategy did not result in significant performance differences, error analysis indicates that a 3D overview in the center may reduce the number of serious errors compared to a 3D overview placed off to the side.
Total Synthesis of the Analgesic Conotoxin MrVIB through Selenocysteine‐Assisted Folding (2011)

Secs for your folding problems: Selenocysteine (Sec) residues were used to drive the folding of conotoxin MrVIB, a previously “unfoldable” miniprotein with therapeutic potential (see picture). This simple strategy should generally facilitate the folding of peptides and proteins with multiple disulfide bonds. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Behavior of Organics in Kelp during Hydrothermal Pretreatment: Fundamental Characteristics and Effect of Salt (2014)

Kelp (Laminaria japonica) was treated in a batch reactor under hydrothermal conditions over a temperature range of 150-190 °C, and the resulting liquid and solid products were analyzed. The effect of salt on the hydrothermal pretreatment of kelp was also investigated. We found that more than 80 % of total organic carbon moved into the liquid phase, leaving only about 10 % in the solid phase. Thus, the effectiveness of the hydrothermal pretreatment on the dissolution of organic compounds was studied. Mannitol, the primary monosaccharide present in kelp, was extracted into the liquid phase; however, the high target temperature resulted in a slight decrease in the yield of mannitol.Formic acid and acetic acid were also produced.The effect of salt was not observed, which indicated the effectiveness of direct treatment of kelp under hydrothermal conditions without the need for desalination.
Formation of a Molecular Wire Using the Chemically Adsorbed Monomolecular Layer Having Pyrrolyl Groups (2011)

A molecular wire containing polypyrrolyl conjugate bonds has been prepared by a chemical adsorption technique using 1,1,1-trichloro-12-pyrrolyl-1-siladodecane (PNN) and an electrooxidative polymerization technique, and the conductivity of the molecular wire without any dopant has been measured by using AFM/STM at room temperature. When sample dimension measured was about 0.3 nm (thickness of the conductive portion in the PNN monomolecular layer) ×100 μ m (the average width of an electric path) ×2 mm (the distance between Pt positive electrode and the AFM tip covered with Au), the conductivity of the polymerized PNN molecular wire at room temperature was larger than 1.6 × 10 5 S/cm both in an atmosphere and in a vacuum chamber of 10 −5 Torr. The activation energy obtained by Arrhenius' plots was almost zero in the temperature range between 320 and 450 K.
Delivery of oncolytic vaccinia virus by matched allogeneic stem cells overcomes critical innate and adaptive immune barriers (2019)

Overall, our findings and data indicate the feasibility to establish simple and informative assays that capture critically important patient-specific differences in the immune responses to the virus and stem cells, which allows for proper patient-stem cell matching and enables the effective use of off-the-shelf allogeneic cell-based delivery platforms, thus providing a more practical and commercially viable alternative to the autologous stem cell approach.
Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization: A Long History for a Short Event (2011)

Events of reproduction occurring from meiotic resumption of the immature oocyte up to its exit from the second meiotic block following activation will be revealed. Morphological modifications of the oocyte during maturation will be related to signal transduction mechanisms involving primary or secondary messengers. A detailed view will be addressed to genetic and epigenetic control of oocyte maturation. At fertilization, reciprocal gamete activation and novel knowledge related to sperm factor and cascade mechanisms occurring in the oocyte will be focused. A detailed description of ion currents occurring during fertilization will depict another point of view of oocyte activation mechanisms, further supporting for their complexity. Finally, all basic information related to this short time lapse will be considered in relation to clinical application of assisted reproductive technologies. New frontiers, such as stem cells and cloning technologies, will be analyzed and future applications and improvements will be hypothesised.
Direct-Coupled DC-40GHzAmplifier forHigh-Speed DataCommunication System (2003)

Themillimeter wavetransport over fiber needsmoreandmorebandwidth according to SONET normwhichmustbe abletopropagate basebandmodulateddigital signal. Thispaper presents amodulator driver whichisadirect-coupled amplifier toovercome thefrequency limitations due tothelinkcapacitors. A twostages DC-40GHzGaAs P-HEMTamplifier including alevel shift cell hasbeen designed using therealfrequency synthesis method.
The role of apoptosis in the initiation of the autoimmune response in Sjögren's syndrome (1999)

The aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders has remained elusive despite much effort over many years devoted to possible genetic, viral and hormonal mechanisms [1,2]. Although genes, viruses, and sex hormones are no doubt involved, a key factor analogous to the role of oncogenes in cancer has escaped detection in autoimmunity. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), a critical mechanism preserved throughout evolution to assure both morphologic modelling in fetal life as well as elimination of damaged cells throughout life, may be that key factor in development of autoimmunity [3].
Privacy and Security in Smart Energy Grids (Dagstuhl Seminar 11511) (2012)

The ``smart energy grid'' promises to improve the reliability and efficiency of the future energy grid by exchanging detailed usage information between the end consumers and the utilities. This application raises different questions with regard to privacy and security. For instance, detailed meter readings enable to infer detailed information on the private life of the consumers; furthermore, manipulations of meter readings open the possibility of fraud. The goal of the seminar was thus to raise awareness of the privacy and security problems associated with smart meters and bring together academic researchers as well as utility experts in order to start an open dialogue on smart grid privacy and security problems and potential solutions.
Motif-Based Visual Analysis of Dynamic Networks (2022)

Many data analysis problems rely on dynamic networks, such as social or communication network analyses. Providing a scalable overview of long sequences of such dynamic networks remains challenging due to the underlying large-scale data containing elusive topological changes. We propose two complementary pixel-based visualizations, which reflect occurrences of selected sub-networks (motifs) and provide a time-scalable overview of dynamic networks: a network-level census (motif significance profiles) linked with a node-level sub-network metric (graphlet degree vectors) views to reveal structural changes, trends, states, and outliers. The network census captures significantly occurring motifs compared to their expected occurrences in random networks and exposes structural changes in a dynamic network. The sub-network metrics display the local topological neighborhood of a node in a single network belonging to the dynamic network. The linked pixel-based visualizations allow exploring motifs in different-sized networks to analyze the changing structures within and across dynamic networks, for instance, to visually analyze the shape and rate of changes in the network topology. We describe the identification of visual patterns, also considering different reordering strategies to emphasize visual patterns. We demonstrate the approach's usefulness by a use case analysis based on real-world large-scale dynamic networks, such as the evolving social networks of Reddit or Facebook.
Microsphere-based DNA biosensor arrays (2004)

A microsphere-based DNA biosensor array with high packing density and low detection limits has been previously developed. Polymeric 3.1-&#956;m-diameter microspheres are employed as the detection elements, where each microsphere is functionalized with single-stranded oligonucleotide probe sequences. The biosensor array is fabricated by randomly distributing a stock microsphere suspension, containing various oligonucleotide-functionalized microspheres, on the distal end of a chemically etched imaging fiber bundle. By placing the microspheres into wells at the end of each individual fiber, each optical channel is connected to a single microsphere. The microspheres are encoded with a unique combination of dyes in order to determine a particular microsphere’s location in the randomized array. Specific fluorescence responses are observed after hybridization with fluorescently labeled complementary targets. Enhancement of the signal to noise ratio is possible because of intrinsic redundancy of sensing elements built into the array. This microsphere-based DNA biosensor has several major advantages over existing platforms including higher sensitivity, micron-sized features, and rapid throughput. Microsphere-based DNA arrays have been successfully applied to genomic discrimination of bacteria, gene expression analysis, and the detection of bioagents.
RETRACTED: Exploration of Multiple Signaling Pathways Through Which Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Pathologic Remodeling Experimental Infarction (2019)

The level of maladaptive myocardial remodeling consistently contributes to the poor prognosis of patients following a myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated whether and how sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) would attenuate the post-infarct cardiac remodeling in mice model of MI developing after surgical ligation of the left coronary artery. All mice subjected to experimental MI or to the sham procedure were then treated for the following 4 weeks, either with STS or with a vehicle alone. Results of our studies indicated that STS treatment of MI mice prevented the left ventricular dilatation and improved their cardiac function. Results of further tests, aimed at mechanistic explanation of the beneficial effects of STS, indicated that treatment with this compound enhanced the autophagy and, at the same time, inhibited apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. Meaningfully, we have also established that myocardium of STS-treated mice displayed significantly higher levels of adenosine monophosphate kinase than their untreated counterparts and that this effect additionally associated with the significantly diminished activities of apoptotic promoters: mammalian target of rapamycin and P70S6 kinase. Moreover, we also found that additional administration of the adenosine monophosphate kinase inhibitor (compound C) or autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) practically eliminated the observed beneficial effects of STS. In conclusion, we suggest that the described multistage mechanism triggered by STS treatment enhanced autophagy, thereby attenuating pathologic remodeling of the post-infarct hearts.
A closed loop transcutaneous power transfer system for implantable devices with enhanced stability (2004)

This paper describes a closed-loop wireless inductive power transfer system for an implantable retinal prosthetic device. The proposed system is designed to ensure optimal power transfer to the implanted unit despite coil displacements and changes in load current while minimizing the sensitivity to component and process variation. Based on the system modeling, stability constraints are identified and applied to the feedback control system. The model is crucial in determining component values, circuit topology and number of transmitted bits per sampling period required to ensure system stability. In addition, the model significantly reduces design iterations compounded by lengthy circuit simulation. The model is verified by Matlab and SPICE level simulations. The critical analog circuits of the control system have been designed and fabricated through AMI 1.6 /spl mu/m process.
A 2.5GHz, 6.9mW &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulator with standard cell design in 45nm-LP CMOS using time-interleaving (2009)

A technique to implement time-interleaved digital DeltaSigma modulators using standard cells and digital synthesis tools is presented. Time interleaving allows clocking of the standard cell blocks at submultiples of the final sampling rate f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> . Additional delay stages are used to segment the time-interleaved/pipelined MASH DeltaSigma topology into reduced complexity sub-blocks, each with independent critical paths. A prototype IC has been fabricated in digital CMOS 45 nm-LP: it has been validated at 2.5 GHz, while consuming 6.9 mW from a 1.1 V supply, and at 3.3 GHz increasing the nominal supply to 1.2 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of 1β‐Methylcarbapenem Intermediates: Understanding the Selectivity Observed (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal Stability Enhancement of SLFEPD-Ag on ALD-TiN Film (2012)

In this study, seed layer free electrochemical plating deposition (SLF-EPD) for Ag on ALD-TiN film was demonstrated. By way of the surface condition modification, EPD-Ag film has good thermal stability on TiN film without agglomeration or micro voids were found above 550oC. Optimal wetting behavior control for Ag on TiN film was achieved by combined chemical and physical clean process. The critical treatment process is believed in thermal stability enhancement. Ultra-thin Ag film 30 nm on treated TiN film has low resistivity (2.7μΩcm) and high adhesion performance which is promising for interconnect application. The calculated MFP value of Ag film was effectively improved after sequential annealing process.
The role of interleukin 1 in human B cell activation: inhibition of B cell proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells by an antibody against human leukocytic pyrogen. (1983)

The role of factors released by monocytes (M phi) in the activation of human B lymphocytes was examined by studying the effect of an antiserum against human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) on mitogen-stimulated B cell proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Antiserum against LP was obtained from rabbits immunized with LP-containing human M phi supernatants. The globulin fraction of this antiserum inhibited pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) stimulated B cell proliferation and the generation of ISC in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of responsiveness observed with 10 micrograms/ml. By contrast, PWM-induced T cell [3H]thymidine incorporation was not inhibited by concentrations of anti-LP as great as 2000 micrograms/ml. The F(ab')2 fraction of anti-LP also inhibited the generation of ISC in response to both PWM and formalinized Staphylococcus aureus, but required 50 micrograms/ml to achieve 50% inhibition. Anti-LP inhibited the generation of ISC only if present during the first 24 hr of a 6 to 7-day incubation; later addition was not inhibitory. Inhibition was more marked in cultures partially depleted of M phi than in whole PBM cultures. Whereas absorption of the anti-LP with PBM failed to remove the capacity to inhibit the generation of ISC, anti-LP-mediated inhibition of responsiveness could be reversed by the addition of crude M phi culture supernatants or a variety of highly purified interleukin 1 (IL 1) preparations, but not by T cell supernatants. These results indicate anti-LP inhibits human B cell activation by removing the requisite M phi-derived factor IL 1 and also confirm that IL 1 plays an essential role in B cell proliferation and the generation of ISC in man.
Development of a 20 &#x03BC;m pitch high frequency contact probe (2010)

We have developed a fine pitch high-frequency contact probe. For the probe tip part, GS type contact electrodes are formed with 20-μm-pitch coplanar strips on a printed wiring board. The fine pitch probe tip part is attached on a semi-rigid coaxial cable by soldering. The other probe structure is as the same as a conventional high-frequency contact probe. We measured its high-frequency characteristics by using high resolution time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement system. The SPICE circuit simulation model was evaluated using a TDR waveform analyzing software. The practical measurement of a 3D LSI stacking interposer including 10-μm-wide wiring structure was demonstrated using the developed fine pitch high-frequency contact probe.