gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High dynamic range, low-noise floating-gate photosensor (2002)

The floating-gate photosensor is a new method for detecting wideband photosignals that has high dynamic range and low noise. Low noise is achieved because the transduction from a photocurrent to a voltage uses capacitive coupling rather than the use of a load resistor. The floating-gate photosensor has demonstrated a noise equivalent power of 10 nW, a rise time of 50 nS, and a dynamic range of 10/sup 5/:1. The detector is AC coupled and has a square-root compressing transfer function for large photosignals.
Multi-plane Encoded Light-sheet Microscopy for Fast Volumetric Imaging (2021)

We propose a novel light-sheet microscope, capable of high-speed volumetric imaging with high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. The working principle is founded on extending the depth-of-field and enconding the illumination with multiple light-sheets.
Stress and microstructure in phosphorus doped polycrystalline silicon (1992)

The research presented here is an investigation of the effects of phosphorus doping on residual stresses and microstructure in polycrystalline silicon. Undoped polycrystalline silicon films were deposited on phosphosilicate glass layers and annealed at 1050 °C for 5 to 60 minutes. The stress gradient through the film thickness was measured from wafer curvature, and microstructure was examined with cross-sectional TEM. A 20 minute anneal is sufficient for stress relief in initially tensile films and produces a uniform microstructure consisting of 0.1-0.2 fum equi-axed grains.
Hepatologie (1984)

Im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg wurden von 1981–1983 78 Mitarbeiter der Blutbank und des Instituts für Immunologie aktiv gegen Hepatitis B immunisiert. Der Impfstoff (Hevac B Pasteur) enthielt 5 µg HBsAg/Impfdosis. Drei Impfungen in einmonatigen Abständen und eine Wiederholungsimpfung nach 1 Jahr wurden durchgefiihrt. Bei etwa 5% der Geimpften trat insbesondere nach der ersten Impfung eine leichte lokale Reizung auf, ernsthafte Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Nach der vierten Impfung betrug die Konversionsrate 93%. Vier Personen waren Nonresponder. Keiner der geimpften Mitarbeiter erkrankte seither an Hepatitis B. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Schutzfunktion des gut verträglichen Impfstoffes.
Oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion in cystic fibrosis pig pancreas (2022)

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is one the most common comorbidities in cystic fibrosis (CF). Pancreatic oxidative stress has been postulated in the pathogenesis of CFRD, but no studies have been done to show an association. The main obstacle is the lack of suitable animal models and no immediate availability of pancreas tissue in humans. In the CF porcine model, we found increased pancreatic total glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), 3-nitrotyrosine- and 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins, and decreased copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity, all indicative of oxidative stress. CF pig pancreas demonstrated increased DHE oxidation (as a surrogate marker of superoxide) <i>in situ</i> compared to non-CF and this was inhibited by a SOD-mimetic (GC4401). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not different between CF and non-CF pancreas. Isolated CF pig islets had significantly increased DHE oxidation, peroxide production, reduced insulin secretion in response to high glucose and diminished secretory index compared to non-CF islets. Acute treatment with apocynin or an SOD mimetic failed to restore insulin secretion. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CF pig pancreas is under significant oxidative stress as a result of increased O<sub>2</sub> <sup>●-</sup> and peroxides combined with reduced antioxidant defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS). We speculate that insulin secretory defects in CF may be due to oxidative stress.
Analysis of the Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Pathways in Listeria monocytogenes Reveals a Role for the Alternative 2-C-Methyl- d -Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in Murine Infection (2008)

Most bacteria synthesize isoprenoids through one of two essential pathways which provide the basic building block, isopentyl diphosphate (IPP): either the classical mevalonate pathway or the alternative non-mevalonate 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, postgenomic analyses of the Listeria monocytogenes genome revealed that this pathogen possesses the genetic capacity to produce the complete set of enzymes involved in both pathways. The nonpathogenic species Listeria innocua naturally lacks the last two genes (gcpE and lytB) of the MEP pathway, and bioinformatic analyses strongly suggest that the genes have been lost through evolution. In the present study we show that heterologous expression of gcpE and lytB in L. innocua can functionally restore the MEP pathway in this organism and confer on it the ability to induce Vgamma9 Vdelta2 T cells. We have previously confirmed that both pathways are functional in L. monocytogenes and can provide sufficient IPP for normal growth in laboratory media (M. Begley, C. G. Gahan, A. K. Kollas, M. Hintz, C. Hill, H. Jomaa, and M. Eberl, FEBS Lett. 561:99-104, 2004). Here we describe a targeted mutagenesis strategy to create a double pathway mutant in L. monocytogenes which cannot grow in the absence of exogenously provided mevalonate, confirming the requirement for at least one intact pathway for growth. In addition, murine studies revealed that mutants lacking the MEP pathway were impaired in virulence relative to the parent strain during intraperitoneal infection, while mutants lacking the classical mevalonate pathway were not impaired in virulence potential. In vivo bioluminescence imaging also confirmed in vivo expression of the gcpE gene (MEP pathway) during murine infection.
68.1: Invited Paper : Transparent Electronics — Display Applications? (2007)

Abstract Transparent thin‐film transistors (TTFTs) and transparent circuits are a very recent development. Will they prove useful for display applications? The intent of this contribution is to first provide an brief introductory overview of transparent electronics, and to then discuss several different display applications.
Metaoberflächen‐basierte molekulare Biosensorik unterstützt von künstlicher Intelligenz (2019)

Abstract Techniken der molekularen Absorptionsspektroskopie liefern einzigartige Informationen über die innere Zusammensetzung biologischer Materie, indem sie die charakteristischen Infrarot‐Vibrationsbanden der beteiligten Moleküle detektieren. Durch den Einsatz von nanophotonischen Antennen und Metaoberflächen lässt sich einfallendes Licht auf der Nanoskala bündeln, was zu starker Licht‐Materie‐Wechselwirkung führt und es erlaubt, dieses Sensorkonzept bis hin zur Detektion weniger Moleküle auszudehnen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden wir neuartige Metaoberflächen‐basierte Ansätze der molekularen Biosensorik vorstellen und mit traditionellen Konzepten vergleichen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der kürzlich eingeführten Kombination von dielektrischen Metaoberflächen mit bildgebender Detektion, sowie auf dem Potential von künstlicher Intelligenz für das Design nanophotonischer Sensoren und die Datenanalyse. Solche Methoden erlauben die Messung molekularer Signaturen ohne Verwendung klassischer IR‐Spektrometer oder durchstimmbarer Laserquellen und stellen somit einen Durchbruch für miniaturisierte Sensoren in der Umweltanalytik und der patientennahen Labordiagnostik dar.
A Chemical Biology Toolbox Targeting the Intracellular Binding Site of CCR9: Fluorescent Ligands, New Drug Leads and PROTACs (2021)

A conserved intracellular allosteric binding site (IABS) has recently been identified at several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Starting from vercirnon, an intracellular C-C chemokine receptor type 9 (CCR9) antagonist and previous phase III clinical candidate for the treatment of Crohn's disease, we developed a chemical biology toolbox targeting the IABS of CCR9. We first synthesized a fluorescent ligand enabling equilibrium and kinetic binding studies via NanoBRET as well as fluorescence microscopy. Applying this molecular tool in a membrane-based setup and in living cells, we discovered a 4-aminopyrimidine analogue as a new intracellular CCR9 antagonist with improved affinity. To chemically induce CCR9 degradation, we then developed the first PROTAC targeting the IABS of GPCRs. In a proof-of-principle study, we succeeded in showing that our CCR9-PROTAC is able to reduce CCR9 levels, thereby offering an unprecedented approach to modulate GPCR activity.
Molecular Rulers: An Assessment of Distance and Spatial Relationships of Src Tyrosine Kinase SH2 and Active Site Regions (2001)

The three-dimensional structures of the inactive conformations of Hck and Src, members of the Src protein-tyrosine kinase family, have recently been described. In both cases, the catalytic domain lies on the opposite face of the enzyme from the SH2 and SH3 domains. The active conformation of these enzymes has not yet been described. Given the known role of the SH2 and SH3 domains in promoting substrate binding, enzyme activation likely reorients the relative spatial arrangement between the SH2/SH3 domains and the active site region. We describe herein a series of "molecular rulers" and their use in assessing the topological and spatial relationships of the SH2 and active site regions of the Src protein-tyrosine kinase. These synthetic compounds contain sequences that are active site-directed (-Glu-Glu-Ile-Ile-(F(5))Phe-, where (F(5))Phe is pentafluorophenylalanine) and SH2-directed (-Tyr(P)-Glu-Glu-Ile-Glu-), separated by a sequence of variable length. The most potent bivalent compound, acetyl-Glu-Glu-Leu-Leu-(F(5))Phe-(GABA)(3)-Tyr(P)-Glu-Glu-Ile-Glu-amide (where GABA is gamma-aminobutyric acid), displays a >120-fold enhancement in inhibitory potency relative to the simple monovalent active site-directed species, acetyl-Glu-Glu-Leu-Leu-(F(5))Phe-amide. The short linker length (3 GABA residues) between the active site- and SH2-directed peptide fragments suggests that the corresponding domains on the Src kinase can assume a nearly contiguous spatial arrangement in the active form of the enzyme.
Gene expression analysis of ABC transporters in a resistant Cooperia oncophora isolate following in vivo and in vitro exposure to macrocyclic lactones (2013)

Members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (P-glycoproteins, Half-transporters and Multidrug Resistant Proteins) potentially play a role in the development of anthelmintic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of ABC transporters in anthelmintic resistance in the bovine parasite, Cooperia oncophora. Partial sequences of 15 members of the ABC transporter protein family were identified, by mining a transcriptome dataset combined with a degenerate PCR approach. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed that most of the ABC transporters identified were constitutively transcribed throughout the life cycle of C. oncophora. Constitutive differences in gene transcript levels between a susceptible and resistant isolate were only observed for Con-haf-9 and Con-mrp-1 in eggs of the resistant isolate, while no differences were observed in L3 or the adult life stage. Analysis of resistant adult worms, collected from calves 14 days after treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin, showed a significant 3- to 5-fold increase in the transcript levels of Con-pgp-11 compared to non-exposed worms. Interestingly, a 4-fold transcriptional up-regulation of Con-pgp-11 was also observed in L3 of the resistant isolate, after in vitro exposure to different concentrations of ivermectin, whereas this effect was not observed in exposed L3 of the susceptible isolate. The results suggest that the worms of this particular resistant isolate have acquired the ability to up-regulate Con-pgp-11 upon exposure to macrocyclic lactones. Further work is needed to understand the genetic basis underpinning this process and the functional role of PGP-11.
RGB-D Local Implicit Function for Depth Completion of Transparent Objects (2021)

Majority of the perception methods in robotics require depth information provided by RGB-D cameras. However, standard 3D sensors fail to capture depth of transparent objects due to refraction and absorption of light. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for depth completion of transparent objects from a single RGB-D image. Key to our approach is a local implicit neural representation built on ray-voxel pairs that allows our method to generalize to unseen objects and achieve fast inference speed. Based on this representation, we present a novel framework that can complete missing depth given noisy RGB-D input. We further improve the depth estimation iteratively using a self-correcting refinement model. To train the whole pipeline, we build a large scale synthetic dataset with transparent objects. Experiments demonstrate that our method performs significantly better than the current state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real world data. In addition, our approach improves the inference speed by a factor of 20 compared to the previous best method, ClearGrasp. Code and dataset will be released at https://research.nvidia.com/publication/2021-03_RGB-D-Local-Implicit.
A 3.2mW SAR-assisted CTΔ∑ ADC with 77.5dB SNDR and 40MHz BW in 28nm CMOS (2019)

Sigma (CTΔΣ) ADC, which combines the energy efficiency of SAR ADCs with the relaxed driving requirements of CTΔΣ ADCs, as well as similar anti-alias filtering. When clocked at 2.4GHz, the ADC achieves 77.5dB SNDR in 40MHz BW. It consumes 3.2mW, resulting in a state-of-the-art Walden FoM of 6.5fJ/cs and a Schreier FOM of 178.5dB.
Imaging T‐cell movement in the brain during experimental cerebral malaria (2008)

T-cells are known to play a role in the pathology associated with experimental cerebral malaria, although it has not previously been possible to examine their behaviour in brain. Using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, we have examined the migration and movement of these cells in brain tissue. We believe that this approach will help define host-parasite interactions and examine how intervening in these relationships affects the development of cerebral pathology.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Proton‐Ionizable and Neutral Macrocyclic, Macrobicyclic and Macrotricyclic Crown Compounds Containing Dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5 Units. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermoreversible Vernetzung von mit Maleinsäure gepropftem EPM (2009)

Maleated ethylene/propylene copolymer (MAn-g-EPM) was thermoreversibly cross-linked using different routes, i. e. ionic interactions (ionomers), hydrogen bonding and a combination thereof. Microphase separation into polar MAn-rich aggregates occurs for MAn-g-EPM and all cross-linked materials, which act as physical cross-links. The cross-link density does not change upon modification, but the strength of the aggregates is significantly increased, resulting in improved mechanical properties. All materials except the potassium ionomer with high degree of neutralisation (DN) could be remolded into homogeneous and smooth films without chemical changes, indicating that the cross-links are truly thermoreversible. A comparison of the mechanical properties, i. e. tensile properties and compression set at room temperature, for the different cross-linking routes showed that the poorest properties are obtained for hydrogen-bonded materials. The potassium ionomer with high DN has the best properties by far, but is difficult to process. Comparable mechanical properties are obtained for zinc ionomers, potassium ionomers with low DN and amide-salts, which combine ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The amide-salts have a distinct advantage in processing over the ionomers, since they can be compression molded at much lower temperatures, although high temperatures should be avoided because of irreversible imide formation.
Estudio tribológico de Polietilenglicol 400 reforzado con nanotubos de Haloisita como lubricante de prótesis de rodilla de CoCrMo-UHMWPE (2017)

El desgaste de las protesis de rodilla causado por lubricacion deficiente en la superficie de contacto es un problema que va en aumento en los ultimos anos, por lo que se busco probar un nuevo lubricante fabricado con Polietilenglicol 400 reforzado con nanoparticulas de Haloisita (PEG400+HNTs). Fueron utilizados un anillo de CoCrMo y un bloque de polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular (UHMWPE) para realizar pruebas tribologicas con la maquina Block on ring T-05 y posteriormente analizar la rugosidad promedio y la masa tanto del bloque como del anillo. Los resultados mostraron que en comparacion con la solucion de Hartmann, lubricante actualmente utilizado, el PEG 400+HNTs aumento la masa del bloque 441.8%, redujo 82.7% la perdida de masa del anillo y redujo 86.6% el coeficiente de friccion (COF). Se demuestra que posee propiedades que reducen significativamente el desgaste.
Effect of adding ublituximab to ibrutinib on PFS, ORR, and MRD negativity in previously treated high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Final results of the GENUINE phase III study. (2020)

8022 Background: The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (IB) has advanced the treatment for patients (pts) with CLL, however, among pts with high-risk CLL, disease control with IB is less durable. Ublituximab (UTX) is a glycoengineered mAb with enhanced ADCC. The GENUINE study evaluated the addition of UTX to IB vs. IB alone in high-risk rel/ref CLL. With a median follow up now 3.5+ yrs, we present the final results. Methods: Eligible pts having rel/ref CLL with centrally confirmed del17p, del11q, and/or a TP53 mutation, were randomized 1:1 to IB (420 mg QD) alone or with UTX (900 mg on D1, 8, 15 of Cy 1, D1 of Cy 2-6, and Q3 Cy thereafter). No limit on # of prior Tx; prior IB excluded. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) by iwCLL 2008 (excludes PR-L); secondary endpoints were CR rate, peripheral blood MRD negativity (analyzed centrally), PFS, and safety. Response was by blinded independent review. Results: 117 pts were treated (59 in UTX + IB arm; 58 in IB arm). Med age was 66 yrs and med # of prior Tx was 1 (range 1-5) for each arm. Baseline features were relatively balanced including ECOG, gender, and med time since diagnosis (6+ yrs). 17p del was greater in the IB arm (50% vs 44%); bulky disease was greater in UTX + IB arm (47% vs 28%); IGHV-unmut was 83% for both arms. At data-cutoff of Sep 1, 2019, AEs were comparable between the arms, except infusion reactions (UTX + IB: All G 53% / G 3/4 3%) and neutropenia (All G 36% vs 21%, G 3/4 19% vs. 12%) which were higher for UTX + IB. At a med follow up of 42 mos, all efficacy endpoints were in favor of UTX + IB (see Table). Conclusions: In contrast to prior studies adding rituximab to IB, GENUINE is the first randomized trial to demonstrate a PFS benefit with the addition of an anti-CD20 to IB. Increasing depth of response (CR rate, MRD-neg) post first year of Tx supports maintenance therapy with UTX. Clinical trial information: NCT02301156 . [Table: see text]
SARS-CoV-2 variant transition dynamics are associated with vaccination rates, number of co-circulating variants, and natural immunity (2022)

Summary Background Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to evolve, with new variants outcompeting existing variants and often leading to different dynamics of disease spread. Methods In this paper, we performed a retrospective analysis using longitudinal sequencing data to characterize differences in the speed, calendar timing, and magnitude of 13 SARS-CoV-2 variant waves/transitions for 215 countries and sub-country regions, between October 2020 and October 2022. We then clustered geographic locations in terms of their variant behavior across all Omicron variants, allowing us to identify groups of locations exhibiting similar variant transitions. Finally, we explored relationships between heterogeneity in these variant waves and time-varying factors, including vaccination status of the population, governmental policy, and the number of variants in simultaneous competition. Findings This work demonstrates associations between the behavior of an emerging variant and the number of co-circulating variants as well as the demographic context of the population. We also observed an association between high vaccination rates and variant transition dynamics prior to the Mu and Delta variant transitions. Interpretation These results suggest the behavior of an emergent variant may be sensitive to the immunologic and demographic context of its location. Additionally, this work represents the most comprehensive characterization of variant transitions globally to date. Funding Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), Los Alamos National Laboratory Research in context Evidence before this study SARS-CoV-2 variants with a selective advantage are continuing to emerge, resulting in variant transitions that can give rise to new waves in global COVID-19 cases and changing dynamics of disease spread. While variant transitions have been well studied individually, more work is needed to better understand how variant transitions have occurred in the past and how properties of these transitions may relate to vaccination rates, natural immunity, and population demographics. Added value of this study Our retrospective study integrates metadata based on 12.8 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences available through the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) with clinical and demographic data to characterize heterogeneity in variant waves/transitions across the globe throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that properties of the variant transitions (e.g., speed, timing, and magnitude of the transition) are associated with vaccination rates, prior COVID-19 cases, and the number of co-circulating variants in competition. Implications of all the available evidence Our results indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity in how an emerging variant may compete with other viral variants across locations, and suggest that each location’s contemporaneous immunologic landscape may play a role in these interactions.
Supplementary Table S8 from Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene Methylation Detection, Sensitivity, Specificity Using Detectable vs. Non-detectable cutoff in whites&lt;/p&gt;
Optimizing Societal Benefit using a Systems Engineering Approach for Implementation of the GEOSS Space Segment (2008)

The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) is driving a paradigm shift in the Earth Observation community, refocusing Earth observing systems on GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBA). Over the short history of space-based Earth observing systems most decisions have been made based on improving our scientific understanding of the Earth with the implicit assumption that this would serve society well in the long run. The space agencies responsible for developing the satellites used for global Earth observations are typically science driven. The innovation of GEO is the call for investments by space agencies to be driven by global societal needs. This paper presents the preliminary findings of an analysis focused on the observational requirements of the GEO Energy SBA. The analysis was performed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Systems Engineering Office (SEO) which is responsible for facilitating the development of implementation plans that have the maximum potential for success while optimizing the benefit to society. The analysis utilizes a new taxonomy for organizing requirements, assesses the current gaps in spacebased measurements and missions, assesses the impact of the current and planned space-based missions, and presents a set of recommendations.