gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid System Development for a High-Performance Rear Drive Vehicle (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The original Toyota Hybrid System (THS) was installed in the Prius and was introduced in 1997 as the world's first mass-produced hybrid passenger car. THS has been continuously improved. In 2003 THS-II (marketed as Hybrid Synergy Drive [HSD]), was installed in a new larger Prius. In 2005 HSD was installed in two SUVs: the RX400h and Highlander Hybrid. This system achieved both V8 engine power performance and compact class fuel economy with outstanding emissions performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In 2006, the HSD line-up is expanded to front-engine rear-wheel (FR) drive in the Lexus GS450h. This paper will explain this hybrid system which achieves both 4.5-liter class power performance and compact class fuel economy, while meeting the most stringent emission standard SULEV.&lt;/div&gt;
Malware Containment in Cloud (2019)

Malware is pervasive and poses serious threats to normal operation of business processes in cloud. Cloud computing environments typically have hundreds of hosts that are connected to each other, often with high risk trust assumptions and/or protection mechanisms that are not difficult to break. Malware often exploits such weaknesses, as its immediate goal is often to spread itself to as many hosts as possible. Detecting this propagation is often difficult to address because the malware may reside in multiple components across the software or hardware stack. In this scenario, it is usually best to contain the malware to the smallest possible number of hosts, and it's also critical for system administration to resolve the issue in a timely manner. Furthermore, resolution often requires that several participants across different organizational teams scramble together to address the intrusion. In this vision paper, we define this problem in detail. We then present our vision of decentralized malware containment and the challenges and issues associated with this vision. The approach of containment involves detection and response using graph analytics coupled with a blockchain framework. We propose the use of a dominance frontier for profile nodes which must be involved in the containment process. Smart contracts are used to obtain consensus amongst the involved parties. The paper presents a basic implementation of this proposal. We have further discussed some open problems related to our vision.
Evaluation of UV roller imprinting using replicated fluorinated film molds (2011)

In this study, a fluorinated UV-curable resin was replicated by UV imprinting and used as a film mold. The film mold was fabricated by anti-sticking process (ACP). A remarkable advantage of the application for easy mold fabrication is expected, because it uses only UV imprinting. We evaluated two types of the pattern replications, directions between the stage movement and line and space (L&S) patterns in perpendicular as well as in parallel. The results of replication tests show obvious difference between UV roller imprinting and UV roller press imprinting. In addition, Vickers hardness is measured to evaluate the thermal property of UV roller imprinting. The results indicate that temperature is effective not only to improve pattern replication, but also to accelerate UV curing.
Optical absorption in highly strained Ge/SiGe quantum wells: The role of Γ→Δ scattering (2012)

We report the observation of the quantum-confined Stark effect in Ge/SiGe multiple quantum well heterostructures grown on Si0.22Ge0.78 virtual substrates. The large compressive strain in the Ge quantum well layers caused by the lattice mismatch with the virtual substrate results in a blue shift of the direct absorption edge, as well as a reduction in the Γ-valley scattering lifetime because of strain-induced splittings of the conduction band valleys. We investigate theoretically the Γ-valley carrier lifetimes by evaluating the Γ→L and Γ→Δ scattering rates in strained Ge/SiGe semiconductor heterostructures. These scattering rates are used to determine the lifetime broadening of excitonic peaks and the indirect absorption in simulated absorption spectra, which are compared with measured absorption spectra for quantum well structures with systematically varied dimensions. We find that Γ→Δ scattering is significant in compressively strained Ge quantum wells and that the Γ-valley electron lifetime is less than 50 fs in the highly strained structures reported here, where Γ→Δ scattering accounted for approximately half of the total scattering rate.
Correlation of serum levels of interleukin-1 family members with disease activity and response to treatment in hairy cell leukemia. (1998)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a well-recognized chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of B cell lineage, which may be regulated by growth factors including cytokines and cytokine antagonists. Previous studies have shown a good correlation between circulating soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels and disease activity and response to therapy was always associated with a decrease in sIL-2R levels. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of agonists and antagonists may also be involved in the regulation of hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we evaluated members of the IL-1 family (IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-1 soluble receptors Type I and Type II (IL-1sRI and IL-1sRII) in 23 patients with HCL. Patients were classified according to the clinical state of their disease. Most were treated with 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadercosine (2-CDA) and treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the serum levels of sIL-2R, IL-1beta and IL-1sRII in patients achieving a complete or partial response. In contrast to the above, levels of IL-1Ra increased during response to treatment and clinical response to 2-CDA was associated with an increase of 122% in IL-1Ra levels, in parallel with a decrease of 63% in IL-1beta and 47% in IL-1sRII levels. These results suggest that the balance between IL-1beta, IL-2 and their soluble receptors or antagonists may be involved in the pathogenesis and immunoregulation of HCL. Serum levels of these cytokines may therefore be used to monitor therapeutic efficacy of therapy in HCL and to detect any residual disease.
SWIR Geiger-mode APD detectors and cameras for 3D imaging (2014)

The operation of avalanche photodiodes in Geiger mode by arming these detectors above their breakdown voltage provides high-performance single photon detection in a robust solid-state device platform. Moreover, these devices are ideally suited for integration into large format focal plane arrays enabling single photon imaging. We describe the design and performance of short-wave infrared 3D imaging cameras with focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on Geigermode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) with single photon sensitivity for laser radar imaging applications. The FPA pixels incorporate InP/InGaAs(P) GmAPDs for the detection of single photons with high efficiency and low dark count rates. We present results and attributes of fully integrated camera sub-systems with 32 &times; 32 and 128 &times; 32 formats, which have 100 &mu;m pitch and 50 &mu;m pitch, respectively. We also address the sensitivity of the fundamental GmAPD detectors to radiation exposure, including recent results that correlate detector active region volume to sustainable radiation tolerance levels.
Shared TIR enzymatic functions regulate cell death and immunity across the tree of life (2022)

In the 20th century, researchers studying animal and plant signaling pathways discovered a protein domain that is shared across diverse innate immune systems: the Toll/interleukin-1/resistance gene (TIR) domain. The TIR domain is found in several protein architectures and was defined as an adaptor that mediates protein-protein interactions in animal innate immunity and developmental signaling pathways. However, studies of nerve degeneration in animals-and subsequent breakthroughs in plant, bacterial, and archaeal systems-revealed that TIR domains possess enzymatic activities. We provide a synthesis of TIR functions and the role of various related TIR enzymatic products in evolutionarily diverse immune systems. These studies may ultimately guide interventions that would span the tree of life, from treating human neurodegenerative disorders and bacterial infections to preventing plant diseases.
Measurements of lung vibration in response to low-frequency sound (1999)

The amplitude of vibration of lung in response to low-frequency (100–500 Hz) sound was measured in mice and rats in vivo. Low-frequency sound fields were generated in an inertial water column driven at its base with an electromagnetic transducer. Estimates of vibration amplitude of the lung were obtained by calculating the variations in the round-trip delay of pulsed wideband ultrasound bursts. The relative time delays were calculated by determining the maximum of the cross-correlation of the first echo with subsequent echoes. The ultrasound bursts were emitted at a rate of 1–5 kHz, allowing ten displacement estimates to be calculated per cycle of lung oscillation. The mean resonance frequencies obtained through measurements of vibration amplitude were 330 Hz for mice and 189 Hz for rats. The maximum observed displacements were on the order of 0.1 mm. The resonance observed through measurements of displacement amplitude was equivalent to that obtained through acoustic scattering measurements and consistent with observations of lung hemorrhage.
Nanosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Studies of Visnagin and Khellin Triplets and Radical Ions (2005)

Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to directly observe and assign the vibrational spectra of the triplet states of visnagin and khellin, and to investigate their electron-transfer chemistry. The TRIR spectra of triplet visnagin and triplet khellin, and of their radical cations and anions, were obtained upon 266 nm laser flash photolysis in acetonitrile and in deuterated acetonitrile. The radical cations were observed in the presence of chloranil, and the radical anions were formed in the presence of NaI and KSCN. The TRIR spectra are in good agreement with the calculated vibrational spectra. We did not observe the related neutral radicals by TRIR spectroscopy upon laser flash photolysis (LFP) of khellin in the presence of hydroquinone, but we found evidence for the formation of semiquinone and neutral visnagin radicals upon LFP of visnagin and hydroquinone.
Tetraspanin CD37 protects against the development of B cell lymphoma (2016)

Worldwide, B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common hematological malignancy and represents a substantial clinical problem. The molecular events that lead to B cell lymphoma are only partially defined. Here, we have provided evidence that deficiency of tetraspanin superfamily member CD37, which is important for B cell function, induces the development of B cell lymphoma. Mice lacking CD37 developed germinal center-derived B cell lymphoma in lymph nodes and spleens with a higher incidence than Bcl2 transgenic mice. We discovered that CD37 interacts with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3); therefore, absence of CD37 drives tumor development through constitutive activation of the IL-6 signaling pathway. Moreover, animals deficient for both Cd37 and Il6 were fully protected against lymphoma development, confirming the involvement of the IL-6 pathway in driving tumorigenesis. Loss of CD37 on neoplastic cells in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) directly correlated with activation of the IL-6 signaling pathway and with worse progression-free and overall survival. Together, this study identifies CD37 as a tumor suppressor that directly protects against B cell lymphomagenesis and provides a strong rationale for blocking the IL-6 pathway in patients with CD37- B cell malignancies as a possible therapeutic intervention.
Azinium−(π-Bridge)−Pyrrole NLO-Phores:  Influence of Heterocycle Acceptors on Chromophoric and Self-Assembled Thin-Film Properties (2002)

Novel heterocycle-based azine/azinium−(π-bridge)−pyrrole systems, [(1-(pyrid-4-yl)-2-(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)]ethene (1), 5-[(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)azo]quinoline (2), 5-[(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)azo]isoquinoline (3), and the corresponding N-methotriflates 4−6 were synthesized and characterized. Chromophore precursors 1−3 react with iodobenzyl-functionalized surfaces (10) affording polar-ordered σ-bonded thin films 7−9, respectively. All systems were studied by optical (UV−visible, photoluminescence) spectroscopies, electrochemical (CV), and thermal (TGA, DSC) techniques. Self-assembled chromophore monolayers 7−9 on glass, quartz, and silicon substrates have been characterized by a full complement of physicochemical techniques: optical spectroscopy, aqueous advancing contact angle measurements, specular X-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, and angle-dependent polarized second harmonic generation. Film second harmonic generation responses χ(2)zzz vary more than 1 order of magnitude ranging from 1.3 and 1.6, to 34 × 10-8 esu for 9-, 8-, and 7-based monolayers, respectively. This study demonstrates the following: (i) SA monolayers can be prepared using various types of azine-containing precursors; (ii) chromophore and SA film properties are influenced predominantly by the nature of the π-deficient azinium acceptor; (iii) unsubstituted, π−excessive pyrrol-2-yl rings can act as primary donor groups in push−pull conjugated systems.
Reciprocating Optical Modulation on Erbium-Doped LiNbO$_{3}$ for Harmonic Generation (2007)

We demonstrated reciprocating optical modulation using erbium-doped LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal for high-order sideband generation and selective amplification. A Ti-diffused waveguide, formed on the crystal, had a gain of 2.1 dB/cm for 1531.4-nm signal light pumped at 1480 nm with a pump power of 200 mW/port. A sideband component of 40 GHz was successfully enhanced and a gain of 12 dB was realized.
IEC plasma discharge for fullerene production (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. One approach to fullerene production is the a use of a hydrocarbon such as methane in a plasma discharge. The efficiency of this approach is hampered, however, because hydrogen atoms in the discharge can quench the recombination of carbon atoms prior to full C/sub 60/ formation. Inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) offers a possible solution, however. A potential well structure develops in the center of a spherical IEC discharge such that carbon and hydrogen ions tend to concentrate in different regions of the well, giving a higher conversion to C/sub 60/. Experiments with He-methane mixtures have confirmed the basic principle, but further research is under way to determine optimum conversion efficiencies achievable. In this case the IEC is operated in a pulsed mode so that carbon recombination occurs rapidly as the plasma cools between pulses. Removal of product C/sub 60/ is done through a double valve arrangement at the bottom of the chamber, so that vacuum need not be broken. An alternate approach, also under study, is to operate the IEC in the "jet" mode. Then, the plasma entering the jet is predominately from the outer region of the potential well structure, again providing separation. Preliminary results and calculations for both configurations will be presented.
A total closed chest sheep model of cardiogenic shock by percutaneous intracoronary ethanol injection (2020)

To develop a reproducible and stable closed chest model of ischemic cardiogenic shock in sheep, with high survival rate and potential insight into human pathology. We established a protocol for multi-step myocardial alcoholisation of the left anterior descending coronary artery by percutaneous ethanol injection. A thorough hemodynamic assessment was obtained by invasive and non-invasive monitoring devices. Repeated blood samples were obtained to determine haemoglobin and alcohol concentration, electrolytes, blood gas parameters and cardiac troponin I. After sacrifice, tissue was excised for quantification of infarction and histology. Cardiogenic shock was characterized by a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (- 33%), cardiac output (- 29%), dP/dt<sub>max</sub> (- 28%), carotid blood flow (- 22%), left ventricular fractional shortening (- 28%), and left ventricle end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (- 51%). Lactate and cardiac troponin I levels increased from 1.4 ± 0.2 to 4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L (p = 0.001) and from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 14.74 ± 2.59 µg/L (p = 0.001), respectively. All haemodynamic changes were stable over a three-hour period with a 71% survival rate. The necrotic volume (n = 5) represented 24.0 ± 1.9% of total ventricular mass. No sham exhibited any variation under general anaesthesia. We described and characterized, for the first time, a stable, reproducible sheep model of cardiogenic shock obtained by percutaneous intracoronary ethanol administration.
Annular Scan Volume Phased Array Fed Reflectors (2023)

An annular scan volume phased array fed reflector is analyzed. The overall purpose of said reflector is to reduce element count required for focal plane arrays used to illuminate the reflector for scanning at all azimuth angles from horizon to 45 deg elevation. An automated simulation methodology, using FEKO and Python, is developed and discussed herein.
On the Controls of Mixing of Injected Fresh Water Jets with Brine in Salt Caverns: Scaled Flow Visualization Experiments. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Identification of Common Functional Configurations Among Molecules (1996)

A new algorithm for identifying three-dimensional configurations of chemical features common to a set of molecules is described. The algorithm scores each configuration based both on the degree to which it is common to the input set and its estimated rarity. The algorithm can be applied to molecules with large (several hundred) conformational models. Results from the application of this algorithm to three data sets are discussed: PAF antagonists, HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and HIV protease inhibitors. Of particular interest is a common configuration identified for a set of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors; this configuration is shared by two new, potent inhibitors that were recently described in the literature.
Characterization of Two Newly Recognized Rhinovirus Serotypes of Human Origin. (1966)

Two new viruses, 1505 and 8213, were recovered from the human oro-pharynx in two separate epidemiological studies. The viruses were found possess characteristics of agents in the rhinovirus subgroup of picornaviruses: small size (15-30 mμ), RNA core, ether stability, inactivation at pH 3.0. Both 1505 and 8213 viruses were tested by neutralization tests against 85 previously described rhinovirus serotypes and 11 possible candidate rhinoviruses, and both were found to be distinct antigenically from all ninety-six.
Anti-HIV activities and mechanisms of antisense oligonucleotides (1996)

We demonstrated that unmodified and modified (phosphorothioate) oligonucleotides preventcDNA synthesis by the AMV, MMLV, and HIV reverse transcriptases. Antisense oligonucleotide/RNA hybrids specifically arrest primer extension. The blockage involves the degradation ofthe RNA fragment bound to the antisense oligonucleotide by the reverse transcriptase associatedRNase H activity. However, the phosphorothioate oligomer inhibited polymerization by bindingto the AMV and MMLV RTs, rather than to the template RNA, whereas there was no competitivebinding of the phosphorothioate oligomer on the HIV RT during reverse transcription. Observation{of FlTC-S-ODN-reu-treated MOLT-4 cells with a confocal laser scanning microscope, revealedi diffuse fluorescence, apparently within the cytoplasm. Interestingly, fluorescent signals were; accumulated in the nuclear region of chronically infected MOLT-4/H1V-1 after a 60 min incubation. We also describe the long-term treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-infectedcells with antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.
HiSIM_IGBT2: Modeling of the Dynamically Varying Balance Between MOSFET and BJT Contributions During Switching Operations (2019)

The second generation of the compact HiSIM_IGBT model for circuit simulation is reported. HiSIM_IGBT2 is developed on the basis of an adapted version of the high-voltage mosfet model HiSIM_HV and solves the Poisson equation along the complete device iteratively in a consistent way. The major HiSIM_IGBT2 improvement concerns the description of the mosfet contribution to the dynamically varying resistance effect in the base-region of the bipolar transistor (BJT) part of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). An important finding is that the IGBT mostly operates under the high-injection condition, namely, under the drift mechanism for the transport of the injected carriers, and that a subtle balancing of the contributions from bipolar control and mosfet control of the IGBT is required. The developed model is verified with 2-D-numerical device simulation to accurately reproduce the potential distribution within the IGBT. Therefore, the specific IGBT features, induced by the highly resistive base region under the high-injection condition, are self-consistently captured. The developed model is proven to provide stable circuit simulations with accurate reproduction of the switching performances.
Application of Learning Control to Active Damping of Forced Vibration for Periodically Time Variant Systems (1990)

This paper deals with discrete time learning controllers for systems with periodically varying parameters. Several control rules are proposed which use a basic principle of learning control that is to utilize the information from the most recent cycle to improve the system performance in the next cycle. Convergence properties of proposed learning control algorithms are examined. These algorithms can easily be implemented without additional measurements and without modification of existing feedback/feedforward controller. In a numerical example learning controllers are applied to eliminate the forced vibrations of a magnetically suspended rotor with nonsymmetric stiffness properties. The vibrations result from unbalanced inertia forces. Simulation results show that the learning controller is effective in absorbing periodic disturbances.