gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Fiber Source in Enteral Products on Fecal Weight, Mineral Balance, and Growth Rate in Rats (1994)

The effect of two fiber systems in enteral formulas on fecal output, mineral balance, weight gain, and cecal short-chain fatty acid production was studied in rats. Enteral products tested had either no fiber; soy fiber (3.4 g of total dietary fiber/8 fluid oz); a fiber blend containing 75% oat fiber, 17.5% gum arabic, and 7.5% carboxymethylcellulose (3.4 g of total dietary fiber/8 fluid oz); or the same blend at 4 g of total dietary fiber/8 fluid oz. Food, feces, and urine were analyzed for nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Cecal contents were analyzed for short-chain fatty acids. Weight gain, intake, food efficiency, and nitrogen balance were unaffected by fiber source. Fecal weight was increased by the fiber blend (p < .05). Calcium and magnesium balances were similar for all groups fed fiber-containing products but were lower for the fiber-free group (p < .05). Iron balance was significantly lower for rats fed the fiber blend at 4 g/8 fluid oz as compared with the other treatment groups (p < .05). Cecal acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations for rats fed the soy-fiber diet were significantly higher than for the other three diets (p < .05). Rats fed the fiber blend at the higher level had a significantly higher percentage of butyrate production than rats fed the other three diets (p < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Architecture for TV Content Distributed Search and Retrieval Using the MPEG Query Format (MPQF) (2008)

Traditional broadcasting of TV contents begins to coexist with new models of user aware content delivery. The definition of interoperable interfaces for precise content search and retrieval between the different involved parties is a requirement for the deployment of the new audiovisual distribution
CDK/cyclin dependencies define extreme cancer cell-cycle heterogeneity and collateral vulnerabilities (2022)

Progression through G1/S phase of the cell cycle is coordinated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activities. Here, we find that the requirement for different CDK activities and cyclins in driving cancer cell cycles is highly heterogeneous. The differential gene requirements associate with tumor origin and genetic alterations. We define multiple mechanisms for G1/S progression in RB-proficient models, which are CDK4/6 independent and elicit resistance to FDA-approved inhibitors. Conversely, RB-deficient models are intrinsically CDK4/6 independent, but exhibit differential requirements for cyclin E. These dependencies for CDK and cyclins associate with gene expression programs that denote intrinsically different cell-cycle states. Mining therapeutic sensitivities shows that there are reciprocal vulnerabilities associated with RB1 or CCND1 expression versus CCNE1 or CDKN2A. Together, these findings illustrate the complex nature of cancer cell cycles and the relevance for precision therapeutic intervention.
Life cycle assessment of nutrient recycling from wastewater: A critical review (2020)

Recovering resources from wastewater systems is increasingly being emphasised. Many technologies exist or are under development for recycling nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to agriculture. Planning and design methodologies are needed to identify and deploy the most sustainable solutions in given contexts. For the environmental sustainability dimension, life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to assess environmental impact potentials of wastewater-based nutrient recycling alternatives, especially nitrogen and phosphorus recycling. This review aims to evaluate how well the LCA methodology has been adapted and applied for assessing opportunities of wastewater-based nutrient recycling in the form of monomineral, multimineral, nutrient solution and organic solid. We reviewed 65 LCA studies that considered nutrient recycling from wastewater for agricultural land application. We synthesised some of their insights and methodological practices, and discussed the future outlook of using LCA for wastewater-based nutrient recycling. In general, more studies suggested positive environmental outcomes from wastewater-based nutrient recycling, especially when chemical inputs are minimised, and source separation of human excreta is achieved. The review shows the need to improve methodological consistency (e.g., multifunctionality, fertiliser offset accounting, contaminant accounting), ensure transparency of inventory and methods, consider uncertainty in comparative LCA context, integrate up-to-date cross-disciplinary knowledge (e.g., agriculture science, soil science) into LCA models, and consider the localised impacts of recycled nutrient products. Many opportunities exist for applying LCA at various scales to support decisions on wastewater-based nutrient recycling - for instance, performing "product perspective" LCA on recycled nutrient products, integrating "process perspective" LCA with other systems approaches for selecting and optimising individual recovery processes, assessing emerging nutrient recovery technologies and integrated resource recovery systems, and conducting systems analysis at city, national and global level.
Hedonic Amenity Valuation and Functional Form Specification (1984)

This paper uses GIS data to develop variables representing the physical extent and visibility of surrounding land use/cover features in a hedonic model of a rural/suburban residential housing market. Three equations are estimated to determine if views ...
iDASH (2011)

HTTP-based delivery for Video on Demand (VoD) has been gaining popularity within recent years. Progressive Download over HTTP, typically used in VoD, takes advantage of the widely deployed network caches to relieve video servers from sending the same content to a high number of users in the same access network. However, due to a sharp increase in the requests at peak hours or due to cross-traffic within the network, congestion may arise in the cache feeder link or access link respectively. Since the connection characteristics may vary over the time, with Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), a technique that has been recently proposed, video clients may dynamically adapt the requested video quality for ongoing video flows, to match their current download rate as good as possible. In this work we show the benefits of using the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) for such a DASH environment.
Simulating Complex Problems Inside a Database (2022)

The standard way to store and interact with the large amount of data that are central to the functioning of any modern business is through the use of a relational Knowledge Graph Management System (KGMS). In this paper we show how the relational model can be successfully exploited to model complex analytic scenarios while enjoying the same characteristics of clarity and flexibility as when modeling the data themselves. Using the Rel language, we simulate the daily schedule of an airline company as an agentbased system, and we will show how modeling this system through a set of relationships and logical rules will let us focus directly on the inherent complexity of our model, taking away most of the incidental effort in actually implementing our simulation.
A generic forms handling tool and its application to network trouble management (2003)

A set of generic forms handling capabilities oriented to telecommunications operating company applications is presented. The approach provides for efficient electronic form processing, routing, and tracking with built-in flexibility to adapt to change. This is provided through a set of tools for online configuration of forms and processes, designed to be accessible by operating company personnel. Also discussed are networking requirements, including the need to interwork with existing administration systems. Trouble management is used as a sample application to illustrate these concepts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adapting the RAND Strategy Assessment System to force assessment studies in the Joint Staff (1991)

The Capabilities Assessment Division (CAD) of J-8 (Force Structure Resource and Assessment Directorate) in the Joint Staff has long been a participant in the development of the RAND Strategy Assessment System (RSAS). In December 1987, CAD decided that the RSAS had reached sufficient maturity to justify a formal evaluation of its capability to serve the Division's needs. A team of RAND analysts was asked to emulate the 1988 Total Force Capability Assessment (TFCA) and calibrate the RSAS to the outputs of then-current current CAD models. Items of particular interest included the value of the RSAS in developing the TFCA Study Plan, its capability to conduct TFCA excursions, and its potential use to support non-TFCA analyses. The RSAS was not used directly in the 1988 TFCA evaluation. Instead, the RSAS was run in parallel with the main TFCA game to evaluate its ability to replicate force employment decisions made by the TFCA gamers and the results obtained from CAD's simulation models. The RSAS databases were modified to match those used in the TFCA, applying the force deployments and employments the TFCA gamers had decided on and comparing the RSAS results with those of the extant CAD models.
Low-Voltage p- and n-Type Organic Self-Assembled Monolayer Field Effect Transistors (2010)

We report on p- and n-type organic self-assembled monolayer field effect transistors. On the base of quaterthiophene and fullerene units, multifunctional molecules were synthesized, which have the ability to self-assemble and provide multifunctional monolayers. The self-assembly approach, based on phosphonic acids, is very robust and allows the fabrication of functional devices even on larger areas. The p- and n-type transistor devices with only one molecular active layer were demonstrated for transistor channel lengths up to 10 μm. The monolayer composition is proven by electrical experiments and by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, XPS, and AFM experiments. Because of the molecular design and the contribution of isolating alkyl chains to the hybrid dielectric, our devices operate at low supply voltages (-4 V to +4 V), which is a key requirement for practical use and simplifies the integration in standard applications. The monolayer devices operate in ambient air and show hole and electron mobilities of 10(-5) cm(2)/(V s) and 10(-4) cm(2)/(V s) respectively. In particular the n-type operation of self-assembled monolayer transistors has not been reported before. Hereby, structure-property relations of the SAMs have been studied. Furthermore an approach to protect the sensitive C(60) from immediate degradation within the molecular design is provided.
IFN-γ Signaling to Astrocytes Protects from Autoimmune Mediated Neurological Disability (2012)

Demyelination and axonal degeneration are determinants of progressive neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Cells resident within the central nervous system (CNS) are active participants in development, progression and subsequent control of autoimmune disease; however, their individual contributions are not well understood. Astrocytes, the most abundant CNS cell type, are highly sensitive to environmental cues and are implicated in both detrimental and protective outcomes during autoimmune demyelination. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in transgenic mice expressing signaling defective dominant-negative interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptors on astrocytes to determine the influence of inflammation on astrocyte activity. Inhibition of IFN-γ signaling to astrocytes did not influence disease incidence, onset, initial progression of symptoms, blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity or the composition of the acute CNS inflammatory response. Nevertheless, increased demyelination at peak acute disease in the absence of IFN-γ signaling to astrocytes correlated with sustained clinical symptoms. Following peak disease, diminished clinical remission, increased mortality and sustained astrocyte activation within the gray matter demonstrate a critical role of IFN-γ signaling to astrocytes in neuroprotection. Diminished disease remission was associated with escalating demyelination, axonal degeneration and sustained inflammation. The CNS infiltrating leukocyte composition was not altered; however, decreased IL-10 and IL-27 correlated with sustained disease. These data indicate that astrocytes play a critical role in limiting CNS autoimmune disease dependent upon a neuroprotective signaling pathway mediated by engagement of IFN-γ receptors.
Canine computer interaction (2016)

Touchscreens can provide a way for service dogs to relay emergency information about their handlers from a home or office environment. In this paper, we build on work exploring the ability of canines to interact with touchscreen interfaces. We observe new requirements for training and explain best practices found in training techniques. Learning from previous work, we also begin to test new dog interaction techniques such as lift-off selection and sliding gestural motions. Our goal is to understand the affordances needed to make touchscreen interfaces usable for canines and help the future design of touchscreen interfaces for assistance dogs in the home.
MMP-9 Deficiency Enhances Collagenase-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Injury in Mutant Mice (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) participates in the disregulation of blood-brain barrier during hemorrhagic transformation, and exacerbates brain injury after cerebral ischemia. However, the consequences of long-term inhibition or deficiency of MMP-9 activity (which might affect normal collagen or matrix homeostasis) remains to be determined. The authors investigated how MMP-9 gene deficiency enhances hemorrhage and increases mortality and neurologic deficits in a collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model in MMP-9-knockout mice. MMP-9-knockout and corresponding wild-type mice at 20 to 35 weeks were used to model an aged population (because advanced age is a significant risk factor in human ICH). Collagenase VII-S (0.5 microL, 0.075 U) was injected into the right basal ganglia in mice and mortality, neurologic deficits, brain edema, and hemorrhage size measured. In addition, MMP-9 activity, brain collagen content, blood coagulation, cerebral arterial structure, and expressions of several MMPs were examined. Increased hemorrhage and brain edema that correlated with higher mortality and neurologic deficits were found in MMP-9-knockout mice. No apparent structural changes were observed in cerebral arteries, even though brain collagen content was reduced in MMP-9-knockout mice. MMP-9-knockout mice did exhibit an enhanced expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3 in response to ICH. The results indicate that a deficiency of MMP-9 gene in mutant mice increases collagenase-induced hemorrhage and the resulting brain injury. The intriguing relationship between MMP-9 deficiency and collagenase-induced ICH may reflect the reduction in collagen content and an enhanced expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3.
Quantitative real-time PCR assays for the concurrent diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Newcastle disease virus and avian metapneumovirus in poultry (2022)

Newcastle disease (ND), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) can be similar making it critical to quickly differentiate them. Herein, we adapted pre-existing molecular-based diagnostic assays for NDV and ILTV, and developed new assays for aMPV A and B, for use under synchronized thermocycling conditions. All assays performed equivalently with linearity over a 5 log<sub>10</sub> dynamic range, a reproducible (R² > 0.99) limit of detection of ≥ 10 target copies, and amplification efficiencies between 86.8%-98.2%. Using biological specimens for NDV and ILTV showed 100% specificity. Identical amplification conditions will simplify procedures for detection in diagnostic laboratories.
Latest developments in the x-ray based characterization of thin-film solar cells (2015)

We present the latest developments in the characterization of thin-film solar cells based on the combination of elemental mapping from fluorescence measurements using synchrotron x-rays, with beam induced current from electron and x-ray beams. This is a powerful method to directly correlate compositional variations with charge collection efficiency. We compare different approaches for mapping solar cells both in cross-section and in plan view on CIGS and CdTe solar cells. Based on examples from our latest research, we discuss the experimental approaches and highlight the advantages and limitations of each technique. Finally, we present an outlook to experiments that will allow x-ray based characterization to enter new fields of research that were not accessible before.
Modulation of Injection Locked Lasers for WDM-PON Applications (2008)

The modulation properties of incoherently injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes are studied. It is found that the incoherent injection increases the SMSR, but reduces the bandwidth.
Copolymerization of styrene with indene by the Ti(OiPr)4- methylaluminoxane catalysts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization of styrene with indene by the Ti(OiPr)4- methylaluminoxane catalystsKazuo Soga and Takashi MonoiCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 9, 3823–3824Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00199a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00199a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Can diffuse reflectance spectroscopy emphasize skin-collagen alterations due to ageing? (2013)

Description of the problem: We investigate the use of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for skin ageing assessment by focusing on type I collagen as skin chromophore and scatterer.
Method of study: Measurements were carried out with a home-made dedicated probe, on the one hand, on 3D collagen matrices, and on the other hand, on several volunteers' skin. Matrices were reconstructed using collagen extracted from rat tail tendons. Animals of two different ages (young and old adults) were considered. 
Results: In vitro acquisitions show great differences between old and young adults collagen. Analysis of the in vivo study gives a more subtle trend. More results are consequently needed to conclude.
Conclusions: According to the in vitro results, diffuse reflectance signal of type I collagen appears as a relevant marker for skin ageing assessment. The interpretation of the in vivo scattering spectra in comparison with in vitro results is under investigation to complete the in vivo conclusions.
Observation of surface mode arcs associated with nodal surfaces in electromagnetic metacrystals (2021)

In this article, we designed, fabricated, and characterized an electromagnetic metacrystal that topologically carries nontrivial nodal surface degeneracies. Compared with nodal surfaces observed in an acoustic system, the topological charge of the nodal surface in our system is compensated by charge-2 Weyl points, and we designed our system considering the rules of symmetry. To demonstrate the existence of the nodal surfaces and their topological properties, we have experimentally observed surface state arcs derived from helicoid sheets of surface states connecting the nodal surface with a charge-2 Weyl point. The surface states support the robust unidirectional transport on the surface, and the nodal surface provides more degrees of freedom to engineer the dispersion of surface states. Our system offers a platform to explore this new class of gapless topological electromagnetic wave systems.
High-Throughput Plasmid Content Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 by Using Luminex Multiplex Technology (2010)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease in North America, is an invasive pathogen that causes persistent multiorgan manifestations in humans and other mammals. Genetic studies of this bacterium are complicated by the presence of multiple plasmid replicons, many of which are readily lost during in vitro culture. The analysis of B. burgdorferi plasmid content by plasmid-specific PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis or other existing techniques is informative, but these techniques are cumbersome and challenging to perform in a high-throughput manner. In this study, a PCR-based Luminex assay was developed for determination of the plasmid content of the strain B. burgdorferi B31. This multiplex, high-throughput method allows simultaneous detection of the plasmid contents of many B. burgdorferi strains in a 96-well format. The procedure was used to evaluate the occurrence of plasmid loss in 44 low-passage B. burgdorferi B31 clones and in a library of over 4,000 signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) transposon mutant clones. This analysis indicated that only 40% of the clones contained all plasmids, with (in order of decreasing frequency) lp5, lp56, lp28-1, lp25, cp9, lp28-4, lp28-2, and lp21 being the most commonly missing plasmids. These results further emphasize the need for careful plasmid analysis in Lyme disease Borrelia studies. Adaptations of this approach may also be useful in the evaluation of plasmid content and chromosomal gene variations in additional Lyme disease Borrelia strains and other organisms with variable genomes and in the correlation of these genetic differences with pathogenesis and other biological properties.
Time-dependent platelet-vessel wall interactions induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (2003)

Platelets roll and adhere in venules exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). This platelet-endothelial adhesion may influence leukocyte trafficking because platelet depletion decreases I/R-induced leukocyte emigration. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the time course of platelet adhesion in the small bowel after I/R and 2) to determine the roles of endothelial and/or platelet P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in this adhesion. The adhesion of fluorescently labeled platelets was monitored by intravital microscopy in postcapillary venules exposed to 45 min of ischemia and up to 8 h of reperfusion. Peak platelet adhesion was observed at 4 h of reperfusion. To assess the contributions of platelet and endothelial cell P-selectin, platelets from P-selectin-deficient and wild-type mice were infused into wild-type and P-selectin-deficient mice, respectively. Platelets deficient in P-selectin exhibited low levels of adhesion comparable to that in sham-treated animals. In the absence of endothelial P-selectin, platelet adhesion was reduced by 65%. Treatment with a blocking antibody against PSGL-1 reduced adhesion by 57%. These results indicate that I/R induces a time-dependent platelet-endothelial adhesion response in postcapillary venules via a mechanism that involves PSGL-1 and both platelet and endothelial P-selectin, with platelet P-selectin playing a greater role.