gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A search for Higgs boson decays to invisible particles is performed using 20.3 [Formula: see text] of <i>pp</i> collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The process considered is Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson ([Formula: see text] or <i>Z</i>) that decays hadronically, resulting in events with two or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No excess of candidates is observed in the data over the background expectation. The results are used to constrain <i>VH</i> production followed by <i>H</i> decaying to invisible particles for the Higgs boson mass range [Formula: see text] GeV. The 95 % confidence-level observed upper limit on [Formula: see text] varies from 1.6 pb at 115 GeV to 0.13 pb at 300 GeV. Assuming Standard Model production and including the [Formula: see text] contribution as signal, the results also lead to an observed upper limit of 78 % at 95 % confidence level on the branching ratio of Higgs bosons decays to invisible particles at a mass of 125 GeV.
OP0595, a new diazabicyclooctane: mode of action as a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, antibiotic and β-lactam ‘enhancer’ (2015)

OP0595 acts in three ways: (i) as an inhibitor of class A and C β-lactamases, covalently binding at their active sites; (ii) as an antibacterial, by inhibiting PBP2 of several Enterobacteriaceae; and (iii) as an 'enhancer' of β-lactam agents that bind to other PBPs besides PBP2 for several Enterobacteriaceae. OP0595 has considerable potential to overcome resistance when it is combined with various β-lactam agents.
The Work Practice Center of Excellence (2011)

In late 2005, a Xerox business group, Creative and Technical Communication (CTC), began to sell its services and solutions to clients outside of Xerox. This transition to the external market would require consulting skills, yet the subject matter experts inside of CTC had very little, if any, experience working with clients other than Xerox. Additionally, because CTC would be a new player in the external market, it needed a distinct way to differentiate itself from its older, more experienced competitors in order to gain traction and increase revenue.
Mice overexpressing growth hormone exhibit increased skeletal muscle myostatin and MuRF1 with attenuation of muscle mass (2017)

These findings demonstrate that chronic elevations in circulating GH have a critical impact on signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, and suggest that MuRF1, myostatin, and IRS1 serine phosphorylation may act to inhibit exaggerated glycolytic muscle growth, in environments of chronic GH/IGF-1 excess.
Serine‐derivatized gadonanotubes as magnetic nanoprobes for intracellular labeling (2010)

Gadonanotubes (GNTs), which are powerful new T(1)-weighted MRI contrast agents, were derivatized with serine amino acid substituents to produce water-soluble (2 mg ml(-1)) ser-gadonanotubes (ser-GNs) as magnetic nanoprobes for intracellular labeling. The ser-GNTs were used to efficiently label MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (1.5 x 10(9) Gd(3+) ions/cell) with no observable cytotoxicity. Cell pellets derived from the ser-GNT labeled cells give bright T(1)-weighted MR images, confirming that the ser-GNTs are a promising new nanoprobe technology for magnetic cell labeling and possibly for in vivo cellular trafficking.
Diamond Mirror for High Power Lasers (2019)

High power lasers are used in a vast number of applications including laser manufacturing (laser cutting and welding), semiconductor industry (advanced photolithography) and medicine (surgical tools). These applications require optical components, mirrors in particular, that can withstand large optical powers in order to transport the optical beams from the laser to the target. Ordinarily, mirrors are implemented as multilayer coatings consisting of thin film dielectric layers of different refractive index and thickness, typically tens to around a hundred layers thick. In high power applications, imperfections and defects in these multi-layers lead to sites where laser energy can be absorbed resulting in significant thermal stress and permanent damage of the component. To address this challenge, we developed monolithic dielectric mirrors that do not suffer from thermally induced damage. Our mirrors are realized by etching nanostructures into a diamond surface, a material that exhibits many favorable optical properties and extremely high thermal conductivity. Our mirrors exhibit reflectivity greater than 98% and operate without sustaining laser induced damage under the irradiation of a 10kW 1070nm laser beam.
Inhibitory effects of antithrombin on the expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 in endothelial cells (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediates proinflammatory responses in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and it upregulates the expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA). sPLA(2)-IIA plays a pivotal role in inflammation, and antithrombin (AT) possesses properties that are beneficial to endothelial cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AT on the expression of sPLA(2)-IIA in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. TNF-α potently upregulated the expression of sPLA(2)-IIA, and prior treatment of cells with AT inhibited the expression of sPLA(2)-IIA in HUVECs. Also, antibodies or siRNA for syndecan-4 blocked the protective effect of AT. Furthermore, PI3-kinase and the AKT pathway are significantly involved in the AT-mediated inhibition of the expression of sPLA(2)-IIA. These results show that AT effectively suppresses the upregulated sPLA(2)-IIA expression, which might contribute to the cytoprotective effects of AT in the treatment of severe inflammatory diseases.
Chemical Syntheses of Nucleoside Triphosphates (2013)

Nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) play an essential role in biological systems. Besides the important role of adenosine triphosphate as the primary energy source in many systems, naturally occurring deoxyribo- and ribonucleoside triphosphates are the modules for the biosyntheses of DNA and RNA. Modified NTPs have important therapeutic and diagnostics applications; the corresponding nucleoside analogues are used clinically, for example, in antiviral therapy. Thus, syntheses of these nucleoside triphosphates are needed for biochemical and pharmacological studies. There are many challenges in the chemical synthesis of NTPs: (1) demanding reaction conditions, (2) sensitivity of the reactions against water, (3) lability of the target molecules towards hydrolysis, and (4) problematic isolation and purification. The chapter focuses on new methods for the syntheses of nucleoside triphosphates without disregarding the most successful established methods. The use of commercially available solid-phase-linked reactive precursors may offer easy access to the important class of nucleoside triphosphate for many scientists.
Deformation-Based Abnormal Motion Detection using 3D Skeletons (2018)

In this paper, we propose a system for abnormal motion detection using 3D skeleton information, where the abnormal motion is not known a priori. To that end, we present a curve-based representation of a sequence, based on few joints of a 3D skeleton, and a deformation-based distance function. We further introduce a time-variation model that is specifically designed for assessing the quality of a motion; we refer to a distance function that is based on such a model as motion quality distance. The overall advantages of the proposed approach are 1) lower dimensional yet representative sequence representation and 2) a distance function that emphasizes time variation, the motion quality distance, which is a particularly important property for quality assessment. We validate our approach using a publicly available dataset, SPHERE-StairCase2014 dataset. Qualitative and quantitative results show promising performance.
Microbial Transformation of Mestranol by Cunninghamella elegans. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Challenges for Academic Drug Discovery (2012)

Modus operandi: There is increased interest and activity in drug discovery at universities and other non-profit organizations. The essay addresses challenges associated with progress in this area. Lead optimization and preclinical testing are identified as key bottlenecks.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIGONAL‐BIPYRAMIDAL METHYL GROUP BRIDGING TWO ZIRCONOCENE‐KETENE CENTERS (1984)

Abstract Der Zirconocen‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit einem Äquivalent Trimethyl‐Al zu dem methylverbrückten Dreikernkomplex (ll).
Enhanced Autoimmune Arthritis in IFN-γ Receptor-Deficient Mice Is Conditioned by Mycobacteria in Freund’s Adjuvant and by Increased Expansion of Mac-1+ Myeloid Cells (1999)

Abstract Induction of experimental autoimmune diseases often relies on immunization with the organ-specific autoantigens in CFA, which contains heat-killed mycobacteria. In several of these models, including collagen-induced arthritis, endogenous IFN-γ acts as a disease-limiting factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here we show that in collagen-induced arthritis the protective effect of IFN-γ depends on the presence of mycobacteria in the adjuvant. Omission of mycobacteria inverts the role of endogenous IFN-γ to a disease-promoting factor. Thus, the mycobacterial component of CFA opens a pathway by which endogenous IFN-γ exerts a protective effect that supersedes its otherwise disease-promoting effect. Extramedullary hemopoiesis and expansion of the Mac-1+ cell population accompanied the accelerated and more severe disease course in the IFN-γ receptor knockout mice immunized with CFA. Treatment of such mice with Abs against the myelopoietic cytokines IL-6 or IL-12 inhibited both disease development and the expansion of the Mac-1+ population. We postulate that mycobacteria in CFA stimulate the expansion of the Mac-1+ cell population by a hemopoietic process that is restrained by endogenous IFN-γ. These results have important implications for the validity of animal models of autoimmunity to study the pathogenesis and to evaluate cytokine-based therapy of autoimmune diseases.
DNA Designer Defects in Photonic Crystals: Optically Monitored Biochemistry (2006)

Biomolecules have been incorporated as designed planar defect layers in colloidal photonic crystals using self- assembly techniques (see figure). Through shifts of the photonic intragap defect mode, for example, DNA conformational changes and the enantioselective intercalation of a chiral anticancer drug can be optically monitored. This newfound capability for optically monitoring biochemistry bodes well for the development of a new generation of simple on-the-spot color readout biosensors.
Immunological Memory Transferred with CD4 T Cells Specific for Tuberculosis Antigens Ag85B-TB10.4: Persisting Antigen Enhances Protection (2009)

The Ag85B-TB10.4 vaccine, with or without BCG-priming, generated TB-specific CD4 T cells that transferred protective immunity in mice challenged with BCG. The level of protection was enhanced in recipients containing a residual source of specific antigen that could be either viable or inert.
Stability of field-reversed mirrors (1978)

The stability of the field-reversed mirror configuration to acoustic modes in the low-frequency regime is analyzed. While previous work has been done using field-reversed configurations in the geometrical limit of infinite length, or zero plasma width, the attempt here is to analyze an equilibrium that has order unity aspect ratio. Further, while previous efforts have concentrated on fluid equilibrium or a specific distribution function, the approach here is to develop a formalism that can be used for an arbitrary distribution that is a function of the constants of motion.
Homocystinuria (1978)

We have compared in vivo pyridoxine responsiveness with in vitro cystathionine beta-synthase activity in extracts of confluent fibroblasts from 14 synthase-deficient patients. Enzyme activity was measured with and without addition of its cofactor, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, using a radioisotopic assay which detects as little as 0.25% of control activity. Six of seven lines from responsive patients had measurable activity without the added cofactor (0.6-15% of mean control). Two of these lines showed a five- and sevenfold stimulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity with added pyridoxal-5'-phosphate; in the other four, the cofactor addition increased activity only modestly, as in controls. Two of seven lines from nonresponsive patients had measurable activity (each 3% of mean control) which increased two- and fivefold with the added cofactor. Cystathionine beta-synthase activity was undetectable in one line from a responsive patient and in five lines from nonresponsive ones. To characterize control and mutant synthase further, dissociation constants for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate were estimated and thermostability (54 degrees C) was studied in two control and five mutant lines. In one mutant, both parameters were normal; in the others, the affinity for the cofactor was reduced 3-to 11-fold and thermostability was much impaired. We conclude that at least three general classes of cystathionine beta-synthase mutants exist: those with no residual activity; those with reduced activity and normal affinity for pyridoxal-5' phosphate; and those with reduced activity and a reduced affinity for the cofactor. Pyridoxine responsiveness in vivo cannot be correlated simply with the presence or absence of residual synthase activity in vitro or with stimulation of in vitro enzyme activity by cofactor.
Anti-Protozoal Enema Treatment for Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis: Does Volume Matter? (2018)

Introduction: Blastocystis hominis (Bh) and Dientamoeba fragilis (Df) are single-celled protozoans, becoming recognised as enteric pathogens associated with IBS-like symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, constipation or diarrhoea and fatigue. Due to high failure rates with both oral mono and combination anti-protozoal therapies, we developed and tested a triple combination therapy via rectal enema administered over two days to determine eradication rate of Bh and Df and reduction of symptoms. Methods: The combination therapy compared 2 low volume (LV, 90 ml) versus 2 high volume (HV, 300ml) enemas. Patients with Bh and/or Df were treated either with LV or HV for two days using drug combinations of furazolidone 0.9g, secnidazole 3.6g and nitazoxanide 3.0g. In case of allergy the culprit drug was replaced by paromomycin 4.5g. Stool microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction technique were used for parasite detection. Symptom scores were recorded pre- and post-treatment (1 and 6 weeks). An unpaired T-TEST was used to compare the differences. Results: Twenty eight patients (n=18, F) who failed previous therapies (˜80%) and diagnosed with Bh (n=16), Df (n=7) or both Bh+Df (n=5) were treated with LV (n=13) or HV (n=15) rectal enemas using anti-parasitic drug combinations. Higher eradication was achieved in HV (13/15; 87%) compared to LV (7/13; 54%) (p=0.03) (Table 1). Regardless of the enema volume, symptoms significantly improved after treatment (Figure 1). No adverse events were reported in either cohort.116_A Figure 1. Anit-protozoal enema treatment for eradication of parasitesConclusion: Use of HV triple anti-protozoal therapy achieved a higher success rate in eliminating Bh and Df parasites. This may be due to the ability to access larger surface area of the colon with HV rectal enema, even though the concentrations of each drug per ml were reduced to 1/3 in comparison to LV. The treatment alleviates the symptoms associated with these enteric pathogens without detectable side effects.116_B Figure 2. Pre- and post- treatment symptoms between HV and LV rectal enema treatment for 28 patients with Blastocystis hominis and/or Dientamoeba fragilis infections. w: weeks; PT: post treatment; HV: High volume; LV: Low volume116_C Figure 3. Pre-and post-treatment symptoms between HV and LV rectal enema treatment for 28 patients with Blastocystis hominis and/or Dientamoeba fragilis infections. w: weeks; PT: post treatment; HV: High volume; LV: Low volume
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Derived Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions that Form Bridged Medium Ring Systems with Diastereoselective Control. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Source tracking using moving microphone arrays for robot audition (2017)

Intuitive spoken dialogues are a prerequisite for human-robot interaction. In many practical situations, robots must be able to identify and focus on sources of interest in the presence of interfering speakers. Techniques such as spatial filtering and blind source separation are therefore often used, but rely on accurate knowledge of the source location. In practice, sound emitted in enclosed environments is subject to reverberation and noise. Hence, sound source localization must be robust to both diffuse noise due to late reverberation, as well as spurious detections due to early reflections. For improved robustness against reverberation, this paper proposes a novel approach for sound source tracking that constructively exploits the spatial diversity of a microphone array installed in a moving robot. In previous work, we developed speaker localization approaches using expectation-maximization (EM) approaches and using Bayesian approaches. In this paper we propose to combine the EM and Bayesian approach in one framework for improved robustness against reverberation and noise.
Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusions for Prevention of Progressive Brain Injury and Induction of Neural Recovery: An Immunological Perspective (2007)

One of the most promising treatments for neurodegenerative diseases appears to be human umbilical cord blood cell transplantation. A variety of studies demonstrate some benefit of this method of treatment in a number of different animal models and case studies. However, before the methodologies and results of these animal studies and case studies can be translated into successful widespread treatments, aspects relating to the immunological properties of the transplanted cells must be considered. In this perspective, we discuss the benefit of the cellular immaturity of these cells with respect to the immune response, and compare cord blood transplantation to blood transfusions, as well as discussing what future studies should entail.
A review on combustion and mechanical behaviour of pyrolysis biochar (2022)

Biochar has unique physical and chemical properties, making it a viable and sustainable future generation material for a variety of applications. The applications include power generation, composite production, construction (as a reinforcement), and soil amendment. The inherent good mechanical and combustion (or fire) resistance properties of biochar are attractive, however, there are limited reports, despite its effects on bulk material properties being well-documented. Comprehending these innate properties of biochar is critical for tailoring the mechanical and fire properties of biochar-based materials and structures. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this article to garner and analyse literatures reported on the mechanical and combustion properties of biochar without being integrated with a material or structural system (e.g. composite). Biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures (>500 ℃) showed high fire resistance property, because of the absence of the volatile matters and development of strong C-C covalent bonds. The mechanical and combustion properties of biochar can be controlled by varying the biochar size, porous nature, and pyrolysis temperature. The information presented in this article is crucial and can be used as a guide to develop biochar-based materials and structures for mechanical and fire resistance applications.
The change of PSA doubling time and its association with disease progression in patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen Deprivation (2011)

During IAD for BRPC, PSADT becomes shorter, and is associated with testosterone recovery. PSADT before treatment and during the first off treatment interval is associated with disease progression. If prospectively validated these data may guide treatment with IAD and clinical trial design.
Synchronization-Aware Distributed Space-Time Codes in Wireless Relay Networks (2007)

In this paper, we consider the design of synchronization-aware distributed space-time codes, which we denote as diagonal distributed space-time codes (DDSTC), for N relay nodes helping the source. We impose the diagonal structure of the distributed space-time code to simplify synchronization among the different relay nodes because it is very difficult to synchronize simultaneous transmissions of randomly located relay nodes. We derive an upper bound on the outage probability of the system, which shows that a diversity of order N can be achieved using the diagonal structure of the code. Then, we derive the code design criterion for the DDSTC based on minimizing the pairwise error probability (PEP) to achieve full diversity.
Prospects for using primary electron-based CD metrology (2004)

CD SEM’s used for CD Metrology in semiconductor fabs rely upon secondary electron emission to indirectly image features on process wafers. The use of secondary electrons by current CD SEM technology limits the resolution of this metrology and hinders its ability to meet future requirements. An idea that has garnered some interest from both the research and commercial sectors is to use backscattered, or primary, electrons with very low energy losses to image patterned features directly. Such a device would operate with acceleration (and landing) potentials in the range of 50 keV-200 keV. One concern is whether the high energy incident electrons will damage active devices. It has been hypothesized that the substrate’s reduced stopping power for high energy electrons will result in the majority of the electron energy being deposited far below the device structures. We have explored the issue of device damage from high energy and high dose incident electrons and find that this technique results in unacceptable transistor degradation at all of the doses and landing energies explored. We present our findings in this paper.
OS0106 Preparation of a cleaning sample with high adhesion force particles and its removal rate by PVA brush scrubbing and droplet train impact (2016)

In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the relationship between particle removal rate and particle adhesion force. First, we made cleaning samples which has particles with adhesion force more than 100 μN on plate. To achieve such samples, we sprinkled the resin particles on a glass slide and heated in order to control the particle adhesion. By changing heating temperature and time, it was possible to operate the particle adhesion force. Particle adhesion force was measured by self-sensing cantilever by removing the particles. In addition, we removed the particles by sliding single nodule of the PVA brush and colliding mono-dispersed droplets. In the experiment of sliding single nodule of the PVA brush, particle removal rate did not change by sliding velocity of nodule. On the other hand, in the experiment of colliding mono-dispersed droplets, particle removal rate increased with droplet frequency and velocity.