gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly stretchable hydrogels obtained by controlled self-assembly of hyaluronic acid and chitosan and preparation thereof (2016)

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Isotachophoresis applied to biomolecular reactions (2017)

This review discusses research developments and applications of isotachophoresis (ITP) to the initiation, control, and acceleration of chemical reactions, emphasizing reactions involving biomolecular reactants such as nucleic acids, proteins, and live cells. ITP is a versatile technique which requires no specific geometric design or material, and is compatible with a wide range of microfluidic and automated platforms. Though ITP has traditionally been used as a purification and separation technique, recent years have seen its emergence as a method to automate and speed up chemical reactions. ITP has been used to demonstrate up to 14 000-fold acceleration of nucleic acid assays, and has been used to enhance lateral flow and other immunoassays, and even whole bacterial cell detection assays. We here classify these studies into two categories: homogeneous (all reactants in solution) and heterogeneous (at least one reactant immobilized on a solid surface) assay configurations. For each category, we review and describe physical modeling and scaling of ITP-aided reaction assays, and elucidate key principles in ITP assay design. We summarize experimental advances, and identify common threads and approaches which researchers have used to optimize assay performance. Lastly, we propose unaddressed challenges and opportunities that could further improve these applications of ITP.
<title>Mapping-singularities-based motion estimation</title> (1997)

Existing methods of image-based motion measurement (except point source cases) idealize borders (edges) of objects. Small changes in movement, direction, or projection can introduce errors into movement measurement. We propose a method that applies differential mapping singularities theory (catastrophe theory) in the context of 3-D object projection into a 2-D image plane, and takes advantage of the fact that the edges of an object can be interpreted in mapping singularities (catastrophes). Several theorems show that mapping of an arbitrary smooth surface can create only 14 singularities. Small changes in object position do not change the type of singularity, but simply shift its critical point. A trajectory of moving critical points, extracted from edge and edge vicinity pixels, can be divide into areas that correspond to different singularity types (a so-called phase diagram). Based on a phase diagram, it is possible to select a corresponding singularity relationship graph (SRG). Knowledge of a SRG allows correct prediction of changes during object movement. This approach provides a significant reduction in calculations for motion prediction and permits correction of predicted motion in all sets of predicted frames. In addition, SRG knowledge allows object tracking, even with sudden changes of direction and use of camouflage.
Minimum cost constrained input-output and control configuration co-design problem: A structural systems approach (2015)

In this paper, we study the minimal cost constrained input-output (I/O) and control configuration co-design problem. Given a linear time-invariant plant, where a collection of possible inputs and outputs is known a priori, we aim to determine the collection of inputs, outputs and communication among them incurring in the minimum cost, such that desired control performance, measured in terms of arbitrary pole-placement capability of the closed-loop system, is ensured. We show that this problem is NP-hard in general (in the size of the state space). However, the subclass of problems, in which the dynamic matrix is irreducible, is shown to be polynomially solvable and the corresponding algorithm is presented. In addition, under the same assumption, the same algorithm can be used to solve the minimal cost constrained I/O selection problem, and the minimal cost control configuration selection problem, individually. In order to illustrate the main results of this paper, some simulations are also provided.
A New Type of Light Stabilizer for Dye Layers of Optical Disks: Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives (1999)

A new technology to improve the light fastness of cyanine dye layers of a compact disk recordable (CD-R) or a digital video disk recordable (DVD-R) without using any singlet oxygen quenchers was discussed. The light fastness of dicarbocyanine dye layers of a CD-R was improved by doping with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) derivatives of various reduction potentials ( E 1/2 RED ). The optimum potential was found to be around 0 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Doping with TCNQ derivatives was found to be effective also for the improvement of light fastness of the carbocyanine dye layers which have optical properties suitable for a DVD-R disk. Excessive electron demanding TCNQ derivatives ( E 1/2 RED &gt; 0), however, showed rather poor jitter and block-error rate (BLER) after exposure to a xenon lamp as compared to a TCNQ derivative (TCNQ1) with an optimal reduction potential ( ca. 0 V vs SCE). Since TCNQ derivatives have no absorption band in a red to near infrared region, the CD-R or the DVD-R having cyanine dye layers doped with TCNQ derivatives exhibit higher reflectivity than those with such singlet oxygen quenchers as diimmonium salts.
Stereoselective Enol Tosylation: Preparation of Trisubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Esters. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Retroperitoneal and pelvic CT of patients with AIDS: primary and secondary involvement of the genitourinary tract. (1991)

Although genitourinary tract disorders are common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), little attention has been paid to their manifestations on computed tomographic (CT) scans. The authors reviewed the CT scans of 86 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus for CT manifestations of primary or secondary involvement of the genitourinary tract. Genitourinary tract abnormalities identified in the 86 patients included nephromegaly in 34 (40%), hilar adenopathy in 30 (35%), bladder wall thickening in 19 (22%), medullary hyperattenuation in 12 (14%), renal calcifications in seven (8%), adnexal masses in five (6%), hydronephrosis in four (5%), pyelonephritis in three (3%), renal abscesses in three (3%), and solid renal masses in three (3%). Although these abnormalities are seen on CT scans in many other diseases, in the AIDS patient they often indicate the presence of an AIDS-related renal disease or involvement of the genitourinary tract by an AIDS-related neoplasm or infection.
Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes with vertical alignment (2005)

In this report, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of vertically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. According to analysis by transmission electron microscopy, it is also found that short-length individual SWNTs are grown with one way aligned form. Furthermore, the correlation between SWNT growth and plasma effects has been also investigated in detail using a Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy.
Control of a GaN-Based High-Power-Density Single-Phase Online Uninterruptible Power Supply (2019)

This paper presents a GaN based high-power-density high-frequency single-phase online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with a common neutral between the input and output. The proposed online UPS utilizes GaN half-bridge structures that operate with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) throughout the line cycle, thus maintaining high efficiency while operating at MHz frequencies. A novel control strategy for the proposed online UPS is also presented. The proposed control scheme utilizes a dual-mode operation for the input power factor correction (PFC) rectification stage of the UPS, enabling soft-switching by operating in boundary conduction mode. The inversion (dc-ac) stage is also operated in dual mode, wherein a digital controller regulates the output voltage of the converter across both resistive and reactive loads. A GaN based 1-kVA prototype online UPS, utilizing the proposed UPS topology and control technique, is designed, built, and tested. The prototype UPS operates up to 2 MHz switching frequency achieving a power density of 26.4W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
A Multiplicative Model for Learning Distributed Text-Based Attribute\n Representations (2014)

In this paper we propose a general framework for learning distributed\nrepresentations of attributes: characteristics of text whose representations\ncan be jointly learned with word embeddings. Attributes can correspond to\ndocument indicators (to learn sentence vectors), language indicators (to learn\ndistributed language representations), meta-data and side information (such as\nthe age, gender and industry of a blogger) or representations of authors. We\ndescribe a third-order model where word context and attribute vectors interact\nmultiplicatively to predict the next word in a sequence. This leads to the\nnotion of conditional word similarity: how meanings of words change when\nconditioned on different attributes. We perform several experimental tasks\nincluding sentiment classification, cross-lingual document classification, and\nblog authorship attribution. We also qualitatively evaluate conditional word\nneighbours and attribute-conditioned text generation.\n
Synthesis and properties of Si-Ge-Sn materials and devices grown by CVD (2012)

Direct-gap photoluminescence and electroluminescence from Ge1−ySny/Si(100) alloys are discussed. Fabrication and performance evaluation of ternary Si1−x−yGexSny photodiodes is also presented. The optical properties in both systems are dominated by direct transitions exhibiting the expected compositional dependence.
Heteroepitaxial growth of ε-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloy films on c-plane AlN templates by mist chemical vapor deposition (2018)

In this study, ε-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloy films were grown on c-plane AlN templates by mist chemical vapor deposition. The Al content of two samples was determined by Rutherford backscattering analysis. The lattice constant of the ε-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloy films followed Vegard's law, and the Al contents of other samples were determined to be as high as x = 0.395 by Vegard's law. The direct bandgap was obtained in the range of 5.0–5.9 eV by transmittance measurements. The valence-band offset between ε-(Al0.395Ga0.605)2O3 and ε-Ga2O3 was analyzed to be 0.2 eV, and the conduction-band offset was calculated to be 0.7 eV by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ε-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/ε-Ga2O3 interface band discontinuity was type I. Our experimental results will be important for the actual application of ε-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/ε-Ga2O3 heterojunction devices.
Procedimiento catalítico para la isomerización de un doble enlace en α-olefinas (1991)

Referencia OEPM: P8903445.-- Fecha de solicitud: 13/10/1989.-- Titulares: Hispano Química S.A. (Barcelona), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
Data from Autologous Heat Shock Protein Peptide Vaccination for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Impact of Peripheral PD-L1 Expression on Response to Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Standard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) is surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. In this phase II clinical trial, the addition of an autologous heat-shock protein vaccine to standard therapy was evaluated. Tumor-induced immunosuppression, mediated by expression of PD-L1 on tumor and circulating immune cells, may impact the efficacy of vaccination. Expression of PD-L1 on peripheral myeloid cells was evaluated for the first time as a predictor of survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In this single arm, phase II study, adult patients with GBM underwent surgical resection followed by standard radiation and chemotherapy. Autologous vaccine (Prophage) was generated from resected tumors and delivered in weekly vaccinations after completion of radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Forty-six patients received the vaccine with a median overall survival of 23.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 19.8–30.2]. Median overall survival for patients with high PD-L1 expression on myeloid cells was 18.0 months (95% CI, 10.0–23.3) as compared with 44.7 months (95% CI, incalculable) for patients with low PD-L1 expression (hazard ratio 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4–8.6; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007). A multivariate proportional hazards model revealed MGMT methylation, Karnofsky performance status, and PD-L1 expression as the primary independent predictors of survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Vaccination with autologous tumor-derived heat shock proteins may improve survival for GBM patients when combined with standard therapy and warrants further study. Systemic immunosuppression mediated by peripheral myeloid expression of PD-L1 is a recently identified factor that may significantly impact vaccine efficacy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3575–84. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On the Maintenance of Normal Ocular Dominance and a Possible Mechanism Underlying Refractive Adaptation (2016)

We find that anisometropia is associated with an ocular imbalance even in the absence of amblyopia. This abnormality is weaker in anisometropes who have worn an optical correction for some time, suggestive that a better optical status leads to a better binocular status.
Massive MIMO with Multi-cell MMSE Processing: Exploiting All Pilots for Interference Suppression (2015)

In this paper, a new state-of-the-art multi-cell MMSE scheme is proposed for massive MIMO networks, which includes an uplink MMSE detector and a downlink MMSE precoder. The main novelty is that it exploits all available pilots for interference suppression. Specifically, let $K$ and $B$ denote the number of users per cell and the number of orthogonal pilot sequences in the network, respectively, where $β= B/K$ is the pilot reuse factor. Then our multi-cell MMSE scheme utilizes all $B$ channel directions, that can be estimated locally at each base station, to actively suppress both intra-cell and inter-cell interference. The proposed scheme is particularly practical and general, since power control for the pilot and payload, imperfect channel estimation and arbitrary pilot allocation are all accounted for. Simulations show that significant spectral efficiency (SE) gains are obtained over the single-cell MMSE scheme and the multi-cell ZF, particularly for large $β$ and/or $K$. Furthermore, large-scale approximations of the uplink and downlink SINRs are derived, which are asymptotically tight in the large-system limit. The approximations are easy to compute and very accurate even for small system dimensions. Using these SINR approximations, a low-complexity power control algorithm is also proposed to maximize the sum SE.
Qualitative analysis of system behaviour (1992)

In this thesis, we provide a rigorous definition for the term in the context of static and dynamic systems. Based on these definitions, we develop mathematical and computational tools for reasoning about qualitative properties of models. The dissertation makes contributions to three problems of qualitative reasoning: Qualitative Comparative Statics, Qualitative Stability, and, Qualitative Analysis of Differential Equations.
1. The problem of solving for the direction of change of an equilibrium point when the Jacobian of she system of equations about the equilibrium point is specified only in terms of signs is plagued with multiple solutions. In this thesis we introduced the use of the dimensions of variables to constrain the number of solutions. We present a set of conditions under which the information of the dimensions is sufficient to solve for the direction of change uniquely.
2. We can reason about stability of systems when the interactions between the state variables is specified in terms of signs only if the feedback loops are of length 2. In this thesis we introduce representations which allow equality and order of magnitude relations between the interactions and derive two new stable structures with feedback loops of length greater than 2. These structures are encountered in the startup of chemical process plants.
3. Lastly, we have developed a program ANDRONOV, which integrates the use of symbolic and numeric computation to automatically analyze the qualitative behavior of second order, nonlinear, autonomous differential equations. We have illustrated the capability of this program to analyze complex differential equations with illustrative examples.
Analysis of the Molecular Recognition Features of Individual Modules Derived from the Erythromycin Polyketide Synthase (2000)

6-Deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS), the multifunctional enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the macrolide aglycon of the antibiotic erythromycin, is an excellent model system for studying the properties of modular polyketide synthases. In these studies, we analyzed the substrate specificity of selected individual modules of DEBS. Unexpectedly, we observed (i) a high degree of similarity in the specificity of all modules tested, despite the diverse structural features of their natural substrates, and (ii) a distinct preference by all modules for syn diketides over anti diketides. The implications of these results are analyzed from an evolutionary and a protein engineering perspective.
Liquid‐Metal‐Templated Synthesis of 2D Graphitic Materials at Room Temperature (2020)

Room-temperature synthesis of 2D graphitic materials (2D-GMs) remains an elusive aim, especially with electrochemical means. Here, it is shown that liquid metals render this possible as they offer catalytic activity and an ultrasmooth templating interface that promotes Frank-van der Merwe regime growth, while allowing facile exfoliation due to the absence of interfacial forces as a nonpolar liquid. The 2D-GMs are formed at low onset potential and can be in situ doped depending on the choice of organic precursors and the electrochemical set-up. The materials are tuned to exhibit porous or pinhole-free morphologies and are engineered for their degree of oxidation and number of layers. The proposed liquid-metal-based room-temperature electrochemical route can be expanded to many other 2D materials.
Chemical bonding and electronic structure ofRNiO3(R=rareearth) (2004)

A comparison is made between the local distortions at room temperature of the $M{\mathrm{O}}_{6/2}$ octahedra in three perovskite $\mathrm{RM}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ families in which M is Mn, Fe, or Ni. The comparison distinguishes between distortions arising from cooperative octahedral-site rotation and static Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions. The ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ions have localized $3d$ electrons with primarily ionic M-O bonds whereas the Ni-O bond lengths reflect the crossover from insulator to metallic behavior. Below a critical Ni-O-Ni bond angle, stabilization of two distinguishable ${\mathrm{NiO}}_{6/2}$ sites is more compatible with the segregation into primarily ionic ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{3+}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O}$ bonding at a JT distorted ${\mathrm{NiO}}_{6/2}$ octahedral site and primarily covalent Ni(III)-O bonding at a less distorted site of smaller mean Ni-O bond length rather than charge transfer between the two Ni sites. Moreover, below a smaller critical $M\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}M$ bond angle, which is the same in all three families, the domination of the $M\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}M$ interaction weakens relative to $M\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}M$ next-nearest-neighbor interactions.
Detecting dynamic behavior in compressed fingerprint videos: distortion (2002)

Distortions in fingerprint images arising from the elasticity of finger skin and the pressure and movement of fingers during image capture lead to great difficulties in establishing a match between multiple images acquired from a single finger. In a single fingerprint image depicting a finger at some given instant of time, it is difficult to get any distortion information. Further, static two-dimensional or three-dimensional (electronic) copies of fingerprints can be fabricated and used to spoof remote biometric security systems since the input required by the systems is not a function of time. This paper addresses these issues, by proposing the novel use of fingerprint video sequences to investigate and exploit dynamic behaviors manifested by fingers over time during image acquisition. In particular, we present a novel approach to detect and estimate distortion occurring in fingerprint video streams. Our approach directly works on MPEG-{1, 2} encoded fingerprint video bitstreams to estimate interfield flow without decompression, and uses flow characteristics to investigate temporal behaviour of the fingerprints. The joint temporal and motion analysis leads to a novel technique to detect and characterize distortion reliably. The proposed method has been tested on the NIST 24 database and the results are very promising.
Mechanism for the direct electron injection from Al cathode to the phosphine oxide type electron transport layer (2011)

A high efficiency blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diode without LiF electron injection layer was developed. Aluminum electrode was directly deposited on a phosphine oxide type electron transport layer and the observed quantum efficiency was as high as 6.13%. The ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy data clearly indicated that the electron injection barrier (the offset between Al Fermi level and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the organic layer) is less than 0.1 eV, which led us to believe that more efficient electron injection through the lower barrier is mainly responsible for the high efficiency.
확정급여형(DB) 퇴직연금의 지급능력 위험이 기업재무위험에 미치는 영향: KOSPI200 기업을 중심으로 (2017)

본 연구는 확정급여형 퇴직연금의 지급능력위험(solvency risk)이 기업의 재무위험(financial risk)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하기 위해 패널회귀분석을 적용하였다. 패널자료(panel data)는 일관성 및 신뢰성이 확보된 2011∼2015년까지의 KOSPI200을 이용하였다. 주요 분석결과로 지급능력위험이 증가하면 재무위험도 비례적으로 증가됨을 확인하였다(여기서 재무위험은 기업의 주가변동성(equity risk) 그리고 신용위험(credit risk)을 통칭함). 또한 이러한 현상은 지급능력위험이 낮은 기업군 보다는 높은 기업군에서 민감하게 나타난다. 본 실증연구는 퇴직연금과 기업재무간의 상호 관련성을 규명하였다는 점에서 실무적·학술적 시사점을 제공한다.
Isoflavone Consumption Does Not Increase the Bone Mass in Osteopenic Obese Female Zucker Rats (2003)

Some controversy exists in the literature concerning the effects of leptin on bone metabolism. Thus we have compared femoral bone density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in male and female fatty (leptin-resistant) Zucker rats and their lean homozygous controls at 3 and 6 months of age. At 3 months, no differences concerning total, diaphyseal (cortical bone), and distal metaphyseal (trabecular bone) femoral bone densities, plasma osteocalcin concentrations, and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion were observed between fatty and lean rats. On the opposite, at 6 months of age, in both males and females, total, diaphyseal, and distal metaphyseal femoral bone densities and plasma osteocalcin concentrations were lower in Zucker than in lean rats. Soybean isoflavone consumption (40 microg/g body weight/day for 90 days, a dose which prevents osteopenia following ovariectomy both in lean Zucker homozygous controls and in Wistar rats) by obese female Zucker rats had no significant effect upon their bone mass.