gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Advances of stem cell-based liver regeneration: science and the future]. (2011)

Liver transplants represent the only way to treat patients suffering from terminal liver failure, but they are associated with numerous problems, including a chronic shortage of donors, high cost, rejection, and side effects for the donor. It is anticipated that regenerative medicine will provide an alternative to liver transplants for such patients. An assortment of studies has documented their contribution in hepatogenic generation in vivo and in vitro. Preliminary results of only a few clinical studies on the administration of adult stem cells to liver cirrhotic patients seem to be very promising, but additional well-designed and controlled studies are needed. We herein present the current knowledge what we obtained from differentiation of functional hepatocytes from several types of stem cells.
Enhanced suppression of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis by combined therapy with anti-VEGF receptor and anti-TYRP-1/gp75 monoclonal antibodies. (2008)

Targeted immunotherapy against tumors or angiogenesis has shown promise as an alternative approach for the treatment of malignant disease. Whether or not combining these two treatment modalities would enhance the antitumor effect was tested in mouse models of malignant melanoma. C57BL/6 mice bearing established subcutaneous B16 tumors were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (anti-VEGFR) fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) DC101 and/or anti-TYRP-1/gp75 (tyrosinase-related protein-1) mAb TA99. The growth of subcutaneous B16 tumors was significantly suppressed by the mAb DC101 (63%, p<0.001) and by mAb TA99 (75%, p<0.001) treatment alone. The combined antibody (TA99+DC101) treatment resulted in a significant enhancement (93%, p<0.001) of tumor growth suppression. In a B16 pulmonary metastasis model, combined therapy with mAb DC101 and mAb TA99 resulted in a significant reduction of lung metastases compared to the control (p<0.001) and the single agent treatment groups (p<0.05). A combined modality approach that provides passive immunity to melanoma differentiation antigens as well as inhibiting tumor neovascularization may be valuable for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
Holographic data storage crystals for the LDEF (1993)

Crystals of lithium niobate were passively exposed to the space environment of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). Three of the four crystals contained volume holograms. Although the crystals suffered the surface damage characteristic of that suffered by other components on the Georgia Tech tray, the crystals remained suitable for the formation of volume holograms.
Clean liquid fuels from direct coal liquefaction: chemistry, catalysis, technological status and challenges (2010)

Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels coupled with gradual depletion of oil reserves and volatile petroleum prices have recently renewed interest in coal-to-liquids (CTL) technologies. Large recoverable global coal reserves can provide liquid fuels and significantly reduce dependence on oil imports. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) converts solid coal (H/C ratio ≈ 0.8) to liquid fuels (H/C ratio ≈ 2) by adding hydrogen at high temperature and pressures in the presence or absence of catalyst. This review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the coal structure, chemistry and catalysis involved in direct liquefaction of coal. This report also touches briefly on the historical development and current status of DCL technologies. Key issues, challenges involved in DCL process and directions for the future research are also addressed.
A Peptide Inhibitor of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) (1973)

Intracarotid infusion of des-His-2-des-Gly-10-LH-RH-ethylamide (pGlu-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-NH-CH2-CH3), an analog of LH-RH, into estrogen-progesterone pretreated rats effectively blocked responses to subsequent intravenous injections of LH-RH. The octapeptide antagonist itself possessed only minimal LH-releasing activity.
The development of fluorous photolithographic materials and their applications to achieve flexible organic electronic devices (2016)

Fluorous materials are receiving significant attention as photolithographic materials that can be used in photolithographic fabrication processes, in particular in organic electronic devices, due to their material advantages such as orthogonality to most organic materials, non-flammability and low toxicity. Compared with conventional photolithographic materials, which generally cause chemical damage to organic materials in devices, fluorous materials can be used to construct micro-scale patterned device architecture on organic electronic devices without physical and electrical damage due to their advantageous properties. Fluorous material developments have improved fluorous solvents and imaging materials for successful photolithographic processes to achieve micro-scale resolution in organic device production. Recent studies have demonstrated the application of orthogonal photolithography by using fluorous photolithographic materials in the fields of organic transistors, circuits, memories and light-emitting diodes. This article reviews the development of fluorous photolithographic materials and their application to organic electronic devices. The material properties and device architecture characteristics that require further improvement are also discussed.
Supplementary Figure S3 from The PSMA-targeting Half-life Extended BiTE Therapy AMG 160 has Potent Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3. PSMA-11 does not compete with AMG 160 for PSMA binding.&lt;/p&gt;
A portable UWB to GPS emission simulator (2004)

Due to the low power of GPS signals, GPS ranging applications are sensitive to any signals emitted in the GPS band. Ultra Wide Band (UWB) emitter devices, however, have been approved by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to emit at specified, maximum noise-like and tone levels. These emissions are across the GPS band and are specified per UWB device rather than an aggregate effect. These levels were approved in a report and order in February 2002 for the use of UWB devices in commercial and federal bands. This report and order constitutes a modification to the Part 15 emission limits that places UWB technology in the same regulatory category as microwave ovens and computer monitors. Due to the great interest in UWB technology, there has been considerable interest in raising the allowable levels. However, an increase in the UWB emission level limit could further degrade GPS operation. There are many applications where the received GPS signal power level is significantly lower than the ambient GPS signal power level, such as indoors, behind foliage or operation during deep multipath fading in urban environments. Under such conditions, any interference can harmfully degrade the GPS service. In particular, the potential widespread proliferation of UWB devices will significantly raise the noise floor that a receiver sees which can severely degrade GPS operations critical to myriad applications such as E911, precision ranging and automobile navigation. In order to demonstrate the impact of UWB devices under a range of practical operating conditions, a portable UWB emission simulator has been designed, calibrated and demonstrated. This emitter transmits a calibrated, adjustable noise spectrum across the GPS band that conforms to the maximum, noise-like emission specification regulating UWB emitters in the FCC's Part 15 limit. The device thereby assesses the potential impact of UWB emitters below, at, or above this limit. The work describes the design and testing of this calibrated emitter and the implications of these results on the specification of maximum UWB signal levels in the GPS bands. In particular, the paper also describes the results of GPS receiver measurements in the presence of this noise-like UWB emission simulator, which can simulate the aggregate effect of multiple UWB emitters in the GPS band, through an effective aggregate UWB power level.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Unexpected Novel Relational Links Uncovered by Extensive Developmental Profiling of Nuclear Receptor Expression (2007)

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that are implicated in several biological processes such as embryonic development, homeostasis, and metabolic diseases. To study the role of NRs in development, it is critically important to know when and where individual genes are expressed. Although systematic expression studies using reverse transcriptase PCR and/or DNA microarrays have been performed in classical model systems such as Drosophila and mouse, no systematic atlas describing NR involvement during embryonic development on a global scale has been assembled. Adopting a systems biology approach, we conducted a systematic analysis of the dynamic spatiotemporal expression of all NR genes as well as their main transcriptional coregulators during zebrafish development (101 genes) using whole-mount in situ hybridization. This extensive dataset establishes overlapping expression patterns among NRs and coregulators, indicating hierarchical transcriptional networks. This complete developmental profiling provides an unprecedented examination of expression of NRs during embryogenesis, uncovering their potential function during central nervous system and retina formation. Moreover, our study reveals that tissue specificity of hormone action is conferred more by the receptors than by their coregulators. Finally, further evolutionary analyses of this global resource led us to propose that neofunctionalization of duplicated genes occurs at the levels of both protein sequence and RNA expression patterns. Altogether, this expression database of NRs provides novel routes for leading investigation into the biological function of each individual NR as well as for the study of their combinatorial regulatory circuitry within the superfamily.
CACHE-BASED DATA DISTRIBUTION CONSTRAINED SCHEDULING (1994)

The primary goal of processor scheduling is to assign tasks in a parallel program to processors, so as to minimize the execution time. Most existing approaches to processor scheduling for multiprocessors assume that the execution time of each task is fixed and is independent of processor scheduling. In this paper, we argue that the execution time of a given task is not fixed but is critically dependent on the performance of the caches, which have become an essential component of shared-memory multiprocessors and propose a scheduling algorithm, called data distribution constrained scheduling algorithm. The proposed scheduling algorithm tries to maximize the number of cache hits by scheduling the processors so that the task that brings a memory block into the cache and the tasks that subsequently access the same memory block are executed on the same processor.
Solid-state NMR three-qubit homonuclear system for quantum-information processing: Control and characterization (2006)

A three-qubit $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system for quantum-information processing, based on the malonic acid molecule, is used to demonstrate high-fidelity universal quantum control via strongly modulating radio-frequency pulses. This control is achieved in the strong-coupling regime, in which the time scales of selective qubit addressing and of two-qubit interactions are comparable. State evolutions under the internal Hamiltonian in this regime are significantly more complex, in general, than those of typical liquid-state NMR systems. Moreover, the transformations generated by the strongly modulating pulses are shown to be robust against the types of ensemble inhomogeneity that dominate in the employed molecular crystal system. The secondary focus of the paper is upon detailed characterization of the malonic acid system. The internal Hamiltonian of the qubits is determined through spectral simulation. A pseudopure state preparation protocol is extended to make a precise measurement of the dephasing rate of a three-quantum coherence state under residual dipolar interactions. The spectrum of intermolecular $^{13}\mathrm{C}--^{13}\mathrm{C}$ dipolar fields in the crystal is simulated, and the results compared with single-quantum dephasing data obtained using appropriate refocusing sequences. We conclude that solid-state NMR systems tailored for quantum-information processing have excellent potential for extending the investigations begun in the liquid-state systems to a greater number of qubits.
ChemInform Abstract: Aureolic Acid Group of Antibiotics: A Stereospecific Synthesis of Side Chain of Aglycone. (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of the compound (IV) can be achieved starting from the α‐D‐glucose derivative (I).
NASA Multipoint LDI Development (2001)

Multipoint Lean-Direct-Injection (LDI) is a combustor concept in which a large number of fuel injectors and fuel-air mixers are used to quickly and uniformly mix the fuel and air so that ultralow levels of NO, are produced. Each fuel injector has an air swirler associated with it for fuel-air mixing and to establish a small recirculation and burning zone. A concept in which there are 36 fuel injectors in the space of a conventional single fuel injector has been tested in a flame tube. A greater than 80 percent reduction in NO, at high power conditions (400 psia, 1000 Finlet) was achieved. Alternate concepts with 9,25,36 or 49 fuel injectors are being investigated in flame tube tests for their low NO, potential and with fuel staging to improve the turn-down ratio at low power conditions. A preliminary sector concept of a large engine design has been successfully tested at inlet conditions of 700 psia and 1100 O F . This concept had one half the number of fuel injectors per square inch as the flame tube configuration with 36 fuel injectors, and the NO, reduction was 65 percent of the ICAO standard. Future regional engine size sector tests are planned for the 2nd quarter of FY02 and large engine size sector tests for the 1st quarter of FY03.
Experimental murine cryptococcal infection results in contamination of bedding with Cryptococcus neoformans. (2003)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that survives in diverse environments. To determine whether cages of mice infected with C. neoformans posed an infection risk to animal caregivers, we investigated whether the fungus could be isolated from the bedding or stool of mice infected by intratracheal (i.t.), intravenous (i.v.), or intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes. The bedding of mice infected i.t. was contaminated with C. neoformans. In contrast, no contamination of bedding with C. neoformans was detected in cages of mice infected i.v. or i.p. C. neoformans was not isolated from murine feces. The C. neoformans strain recovered from bedding material was indistinguishable from the infecting strain by biochemical and molecular techniques. This result suggests that precautions may be warranted when disposing bedding from cages that housed mice with pulmonary C. neoformans infection.
Monitoring the fabrication process for as-built analysis and generation (1990)

The objective of this paper is to present a theoretical model which will create a computer vision system capable of monitoring the fabrication of a facil- ity. The monitoring process would be able to identify out-of-position components and to re-create an as-built CAD model from the construction process. An as-built schedule would be a direct output and would provide for improved scheduling inter action and analysis. While computer vision .technology has not reached maturity where arbitrarily complex scenes can be processed and "understood", there h reason to believe that a vision system for monitoring the fabrication of a facility can be developed. To create such a vision system will require a number of tasks. The focus of this project is to use the information in the CAD system together with the camera model, the camera location, the orientation of the opti- cal axis and the positions of the illuminators to predict how the objects in the facility should appear. This information can then be used in "top-down" analysis of the scene. In a top-down analysis a scene model is used to guide the search for the objects in the scene. While developing sophisticated computer vision systems has, in general, been difficult, developing sophisticated top-down vision systems has not.
Stationary/Non-Stationary Modelling for Extreme Value Distribution: Analysis of Rainfall Annual Maxima in Italy in a Climate Change Context (2022)

In this paper, EXTRASTAR software (EXTRemes Abacus for STAtistical Regionalization) is illustrated, which provides a general framework for extreme value analysis, specifically for Annual Maxima (AM) time series. The proposed methodology represents a useful and quick approach to carry out onsite and regional statistical investigations of extreme events, which is also suitable for climate change scenarios. EXTRASTAR was tested with the AM time series at daily resolutions for the entire Italian rain gauge network by implementing EV1 (Extreme Value Type I), GEV (Generalized Extreme Value) and TCEV (Two-Components Extreme Value) probability distributions.
Die to die copper wire bonding enabling low cost 3D packaging (2011)

Copper wire replacing gold wire in IC packaging has emerged as a major trend in the packaging industry. The steady and sustained increase in gold (Au) prices in recent years combined with the constant need to reduce the cost of IC packaging is driving this replacement of Au wires with copper (Cu) wires. The maturation of Cu wire is resulting in widespread adoption across many device application and package types. This adoption of Cu wire appears to have invigorated the industry and held off the long predicted demise of wire bonding. The cost benefits associated with converting to Cu wire are being sought for more advanced packaging solutions such as 3D packaging and System in Package (SiP). Such package solutions typically require die to die wire bonding and/or reverse wire bonding, which is closely related. Thus, providing die to die Cu wire bonding capability is an essential step towards enabling the copper wire transition for advanced package types. This paper will highlight the development of die to die wire bonding with Cu wire and will show the results of reliability tests demonstrating the capability of the developed die to die Cu wire bonding package solution.
Effect of pigment packaging on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of samples containing red blood cells (2004)

We present the results of diffuse reflectance measurements made on the surface of a tissue-simulating phantom containing intact human erythrocytes. These measurements indicate that the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin in its natural environment is significantly different from that measured in homogeneous fluid solution, especially in the spectral regions of highest absorption. We show that this difference can be explained by the pigment packaging theory developed by Duysens [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 19, 1 (1956)] and that the adoption of basis spectra that take this effect into account improves the accuracy of fitting diffuse reflectance spectra.
The AFRL-MITLL WMT15 System: There’s More than One Way to Decode It! (2015)

Jeremy Gwinnup, Tim Anderson, Grant Erdmann, Katherine Young, Christina May, Michaeel Kazi, Elizabeth Salesky, Brian Thompson. Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. 2015.
Parameters affecting the detection of microbubbles in blood (2003)

The ability to detect small gas bubbles in blood depends on the relative magnitude of the acoustic power backscattered from the microbubbles (‘‘signal’’) to the power backscattered from the red blood cells (‘‘noise’’). Erythrocytes are weak, Rayleigh scatterers, and therefore the backscattering coefficient (BSC) of blood increases as the fourth power of frequency throughout the diagnostic frequency range. Microbubbles, on the other hand, are either resonant or super-resonant in the range 10–30 MHz. Above resonance, their total scattering cross-section remains constant with increasing frequency and the directivity pattern of the scattered wave changes significantly. Therefore, increasing the detection frequency may lead to a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. An active cavitation detector (ACD) was utilized to observe the gradual obscuring of a steel target in blood with increasing frequency, and to measure the BSC of suspensions of Optison® microspheres in blood, as a function of microsphere concentration, hematocrit and frequency in the range 10–30 MHz. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions of the BSC of Optison® and blood, in order to determine whether the presence of tightly packed red blood cells affects the acoustic response of the microbubbles. [Work supported by the ASA, the US Army, and the NSF.]
A low-cost digital control scheme for Brushless DC motor drives in domestic applications (2009)

Electric motors are an integral part of industrial plants with no less than 5 billon motors built worldwide every year. Residential and commercial appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioning systems have been using conventional motor drive technology. The machines in these applications typically have low efficiencies and high maintenance. Brushless DC (BLDC) drives are known for higher efficiency, lower maintenance and higher cost. In a market driven by profit margins, the appliance industry is reluctant to replace the conventional motor drives with the advanced motor drives (BLDC) due to their higher cost. Therefore it is necessary to have a cost-efficient, but effective BLDC motor controller. This paper lays the groundwork for the development of a new low-cost IC for control of BLDC motors. A simple novel digital pulse width modulation (PWM) control has been implemented for a trapezoidal BLDC motor drive system. Due to the simplistic nature of this control, it has the potential to be implemented in a low cost application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The novel controller is modeled and verified using simulations. Experimental verification is carried out using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) to validate the claims presented.