gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Shot Noise in Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

We have measured shot noise in single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) at 4.2K over frequencies f = 600 – 850 MHz. Here we report results obtained on shot noise without DC bias by applying an AC modulation at ω0 and recording the noise variation at 2ω0: the Fano factor is obtained by extrapolating down to zero excitation amplitude. We also discuss the applicability of this method in samples which have strongly non‐linear IV characteristics like carbon nanotubes. The obtained results are compared with regular differential noise measurements where both DC and AC bias are employed.
Variable block size lapped transforms (2002)

A structure for implementing lapped transforms with time-varying block sizes is discussed. It allows full orthogonality in the transitions based on a factorization of the transfer matrix into orthogonal factors. Such an approach can be viewed as a sequence of stages with variable-block-size transforms intermediated by sample-shuffling (delay) stages. Details for a first order system are given and a design example is presented.
A Substituent Effects Study Reveals the Kinetic Pathway for an Interfacial Reaction (2004)

This paper describes the use of a substituent effects study to understand the mechanistic basis for an interfacial Diels-Alder reaction that does not proceed with standard second-order kinetics. Cyclopentadiene (Cp) undergoes a Diels-Alder reaction with a chemisorbed mercaptobenzoquinone to yield an immobilized Diels-Alder adduct. The pseudo-first-order rate constants are not linearly related to the concentration of diene, but they reach a limiting value with increasing concentrations of diene. The results of a substituent effects study support a mechanism wherein the electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone produces two states of quinone. The first form, Q*, either reacts with Cp or isomerizes to Q, a form that is significantly less reactive with the diene. The interfacial reaction reaches a maximum rate when the concentration of diene is sufficiently high so that Q* undergoes complete Diels-Alder reaction and does not isomerize to Q. This work provides an example of the use of physical organic chemistry to understand an interfacial reaction.
B cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes (2014)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration. The CNS of patients with MS harbors expanded clones of antigen-experienced B cells that reside in distinct compartments including the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and parenchyma. It is not understood whether this immune infiltrate initiates its development in the CNS or in peripheral tissues. B cells in the CSF can exchange with those in peripheral blood, implying that CNS B cells may have access to lymphoid tissue that may be the specific compartment(s) in which CNS-resident B cells encounter antigen and experience affinity maturation. Paired tissues were used to determine whether the B cells that populate the CNS mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). High-throughput sequencing of the antibody repertoire demonstrated that clonally expanded B cells were present in both compartments. Founding members of clones were more often found in the draining CLNs. More mature clonal members derived from these founders were observed in the draining CLNs and also in the CNS, including lesions. These data provide new evidence that B cells traffic freely across the tissue barrier, with the majority of B cell maturation occurring outside of the CNS in the secondary lymphoid tissue. Our study may aid in further defining the mechanisms of immunomodulatory therapies that either deplete circulating B cells or affect the intrathecal B cell compartment by inhibiting lymphocyte transmigration into the CNS.
Progabide‐Induced Changes in Carbamazepine Metabolism (1988)

Carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide (CBZ-E) concentrations were measured during a safety and efficacy trial of progabide. The average CBZ and CBZ-E serum concentrations were calculated from serial measurements during placebo and active treatment periods. Significant decreases in CBZ and significant increases in CBZ-E were observed after the first dose of progabide, and these changes persisted during 3 months of active treatment. Ninety-five percent of the patients had increases in the epoxide/CBZ ratio at the end of 3 months of treatment. These changes are consistent with displacement of CBZ from protein binding sites and inhibition of CBZ-E metabolism induced by progabide and are analagous to the interaction between valproate and CBZ.
Neuropsychological functioning following bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease (2003)

The cognitive effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been examined. However, there are no reported studies that evaluate, by incorporating a disease control group, whether neuropsychological performance in surgical patients changes beyond the variability of the assessment measures. To examine this issue, 17 PD patients were tested before and after bilateral STN stimulator implantation, both on and off stimulation. Eleven matched PD controls were administered the same repeatable neuropsychological test battery twice. Relative to changes seen in the controls, the surgery for electrode placement mildly adversely affected attention and language functions. STN stimulation, per se, had little effect on cognition. The STN DBS procedure as a whole resulted in a mild decline in delayed verbal recall and language functions. There were no surgery, stimulation, or procedure effects on depression scale scores. In contrast to these group findings, one DBS patient demonstrated significant cognitive decline following surgery.
Development and calcium level changes in pre‐implantation porcine nuclear transfer embryos activated with 6‐DMAP after fusion (2007)

This study investigated the effect of treatment with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) following fusion on in vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Frozen thawed ear skin cells were transferred into the perivitelline space of enucleated oocytes. Reconstructed oocytes were fused and activated with electric pulse in 0.3 M mannitol supplemented with either 0.1 or 1.0 mM CaCl(2). In each calcium concentration, activated oocytes were divided into three groups. Two groups of them were exposed to either ionomycin (I + 6-DMAP or 6-DMAP alone. In experiment 2, fused NT embryos in 0.3 M mannitol containing 1.0 mM CaCl(2) were exposed to 6-DMAP either immediately or 20 min after fusion/activation. For 0.1 mM CaCl(2), oocytes activated with either I + 6-DMAP or 6-DMAP alone showed a higher (P < 0.05) developmental rate to the blastocyst stage than those activated with an electric pulse alone (26.7 and 22.5 vs. 12.5%). For 1.0 mM CaCl(2), oocytes activated with either I + 6-DMAP or 6-DMAP alone showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) developmental rate to the blastocyst stage (35.6 and 28.3 vs. 19.8%). Developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was (P < 0.05) increased in NT embryos activated with 6-DMAP 20 min after fusion. 6-DMAP made a higher and wider Ca(2+) transient compared to that induced by electric pulses (Fig. 3). The fluctuation lasted during the time that oocytes were cultured in 6-DMAP. Regardless of Ca(2+) concentration in fusion medium, activation with 6-DMAP following electric pulses supported more development of porcine NT embryos. Activation of NT embryos with 6-DMAP after fusion in the presence of 1.0 mM CaCl(2) could support better developmental rate to the blastocyst stage.
Noninvasive Delivery of Self-Regenerating Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Modulate Oxidative Stress in the Retina (2022)

Diseases affecting the retina, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and retinal vein occlusions, are currently treated by the intravitreal injection of drug formulations. These disease pathologies are driven by oxidative damage due to chronic high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina. Intravitreal injections often induce retinal detachment, intraocular hemorrhage, and endophthalmitis. Furthermore, the severe eye pain associated with these injections lead to patient noncompliance and treatment discontinuation. Hence, there is a critical need for the development of a noninvasive therapy that is effective for a prolonged period for treating retinal diseases. In this study, we developed a noninvasive cerium oxide nanoparticle (CNP) delivery wafer (Cerawafer) for the modulation of ROS in the retina. We fabricated Cerawafer loaded with CNP and determined its SOD-like enzyme-mimetic activity and ability to neutralize ROS generated in vitro. We demonstrated Cerawafer's ability to deliver CNP in a noninvasive fashion to the retina in healthy mouse eyes and the CNP retention in the retina for more than a week. Our studies have demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of the Cerawafer to modulate ROS and associated down-regulation of VEGF expression in the retinas of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (vldlr-/-) mouse model. The development of a Cerawafer nanotherapeutic will fulfill a hitherto unmet need. Currently, there is no such therapeutic available, and the development of a Cerawafer nanotherapeutic will be a major advancement in the treatment of retinal diseases.
Comparative analysis of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities of dideoxynucleoside analogs in resting and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1995)

We determined the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) activities of various dideoxy-nucleoside analogs by using phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA-PBMs) and resting PBMs (R-PBMs) as target cells. The comparative order of anti-HIV-1 activity in PHA-PBMs was azidothymidine (AZT) > dideoxycytidine (ddC) > dideoxythymidinene (d4T) > dideoxyinosine (ddI) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) > 2'-beta-fluoro-dideoxyadenosine (F-ara-ddA), while that in R-PBMs was ddC > ddI, PMEA, and F-ara-ddA, >> AZT and d4T. A pronucleotide, bis-(S-acetylthioethanol)phosphotriester-ddAMP, which bypasses the anabolic monophosphorylation step for the intracellular delivery of ddAMP, was highly active both in PHA-PBMs and R-PBMs. These data may have basic and clinical relevance in the design of anti-HIV chemotherapy, particularly combination chemotherapy with dideoxynucleosides, and in the development of active pronucleotides.
Polymerbasierte sphärische Aktivkohlen in Kombination mit TS‐1 als effiziente Epoxidierungskatalysatoren (2015)

Abstract Die heterogen katalysierte Epoxidierung von kommerziellem Biodiesel mit wässrigem H 2 O 2 als Oxidationsmittel wurde an Kompositkatalysatoren aus mikroporösem Titansilikalit‐1 (TS‐1) als reaktiver und einer polymerbasierten sphärischen Aktivkohle als sorptiver Komponente untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen eines kommerziellen TS‐1‐Katalysators verglichen. Die Polymer‐basierte sphärische Aktivkohle diente dabei als Trägermaterial oder als Exotemplat. In dem Kompositkatalysator werden die aktiven Titanatome viermal effizienter als in kommerziellem TS‐1‐Katalysator genutzt.
Rpm – Residual Potential Mapping; A New Approach To Mise-A-Lamasse (2004)

Better methods are needed for the detection and mapping of low-contrast hydrogeophysical&lt;br&gt;targets. Several publications within the last two decades show merit in the application of the mise-a-lamasse&lt;br&gt;method to hydrologic problems such as fracture flow, plume detection, and plume migration.&lt;br&gt;This presentation suggests a modification to the conventional approach that will enhance low contrast&lt;br&gt;targets.&lt;br&gt;The mise-a-la-masse method is a simple application of electrical methods where a buried&lt;br&gt;conductive feature is electrically energized and the resulting distorted electric field on the ground&lt;br&gt;surface is mapped. Mise-a-la-masse has been in use for decades in the mining industry on massive&lt;br&gt;sulfide orebodies, but, the requirement that the orebody be both massive and electrically contiguous has&lt;br&gt;limited the method’s application.&lt;br&gt;The normal interpretation of mise-a-la-masse data depend on the ability to observe the desired Efield&lt;br&gt;distortions caused by the energized target. In the case of low physical property contrasts,&lt;br&gt;distortions can be very difficult to see, if at all. The primary field observed in the proximity of the&lt;br&gt;energizing electrode dominates the response. Unless the target is particularly conductive and-or rather&lt;br&gt;shallow, it will not produce an E-field distortion distinct from the primary field. The observed E-field&lt;br&gt;consists of the superposition of several electrical responses.&lt;br&gt;The observed E-field at the ground surface is a combination of all of the effects created by the&lt;br&gt;energized target and various heterogeneities, conductive or resistive, that influence the distribution of&lt;br&gt;the current flux. These various effects may be due to geometry, such as layering; lateral paths, such as&lt;br&gt;fractures; and localized high-contrast features, such as culture.
Asset Risk Scoring in Enterprise Network with Mutually Reinforced Reputation Propagation (2014)

Cyber security attacks are becoming ever more frequent and sophisticated.Enterprises often deploy several security protection mechanisms, such as anti-virus software, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and firewalls, to protect their critical assets against emerging threats.Unfortunately, these protection systems are typically "noisy", e.g., regularly generating thousands of alerts every day.Plagued by false positives and irrelevant events, it is often neither practical nor cost-effective to analyze and respond to every single alert.The main challenge faced by enterprises is to extract important information from the plethora of alerts and to infer potential risks to their critical assets.A better understanding of risks will facilitate effective resource allocation and prioritization of further investigation.In this paper, we present MUSE, a system that analyzes a large number of alerts and derives risk scores by correlating diverse entities in an enterprise network.Instead of considering a risk as an isolated and static property, MUSE models the dynamics of a risk based on the mutual reinforcement principle.We evaluate MUSE with realworld network traces and alerts from a large enterprise network, and demonstrate its efficacy in risk assessment and flexibility in incorporating a wide variety of data sets.
[Grading for corneal endothelial damage]. (2014)

While corneal endothelial damage in its most advanced stage results in bullous keratopathy where corneal transplantation is needed, there is no severity grading for corneal endothelial damage. The Japanese Corneal Society formed a working group to establish a severity grading for corneal endothelial damage. The following are the proposed severity grading criteria. Normal: Corneal endothelial cell (CEC) density is 2000 cells/mm2 or more. Grade 1: CEC density between 1000 and 2000 cells/ mm2. The corneal endothelium is below the normal physiological condition. Grade 2: CEC density between 500 and 1000 cells/ mm2. The transparency of the corneal endothelium is endangered. Even slight damage can induce bullous keratopathy. Grade 3: CEC density below 500 cells/mm2 but no corneal edema is observed. Grade 4: Bullous keratopathy. The cornea is opaque with edema.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur Ylide Vinylation of Halides and Mesylates. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Implementation of the excitatory entorhinal-dentate-CA3 topography in a large-scale computational model of the rat hippocampus (2014)

The topography, or the anatomical connectivity, of the excitatory entorhinal-dentate-CA3 circuit of the rat hippocampus has been implemented for a large-scale, biologically realistic, computational model of the rat hippocampus. The implementation thus far covers only the excitatory synapses for the principal neurons in the hippocampal subregions. Starting from layer II of the entorhinal cortex, the projection of their perforant path axons has been mapped across the full extent of the dentate gyrus as well as to the CA3. The mossy fiber axon trajectories from the dentate granule cells to the CA3 pyramidal cells have been derived, incorporating the transverse route the fibers take through the CA3c and CA3b and the septo-temporal turn in the CA3a. The extensive arborization of the CA3 pyramidal axons have been modeled using 2-D, skewed Gaussian distributions which have been parametrized to exhibit the differences that exist among the CA3a, CA3b, and CA3c auto-associational projections. Using the limited samples available from the literature, key parameters for each projection have been interpolated as a function of transverse and/or septo-temporal position in order to create a more complete representation of the topography.
Full thermoelectric characterization of a single molecule (2023)

Molecules are predicted to be chemically tunable towards high thermoelectric efficiencies and they could outperform existing materials in the field of energy conversion. However, their capabilities at the more technologically relevant temperature of 300 K are yet to be demonstrated. A possible reason could be the lack of a comprehensive technique able to measure the thermal and (thermo)electrical properties, including the role of phonon conduction. Here, by combining the break junction technique with a suspended heat-flux sensor, we measured the total thermal and electrical conductance of a single molecule, at room temperature, together with its Seebeck coefficient. We used this method to extract the figure of merit zT of a tailor-made oligo(phenyleneethynylene)-9,10-anthracenyl molecule with dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene anchoring groups (DHBT-OPE3-An), bridged between gold electrodes. The result is in excellent agreement with predictions from density functional theory and molecular dynamics. This work represents the first measurement, within the same setup, of experimental zT of a single molecule at room temperature and opens new opportunities for the screening of several possible molecules in the light of future thermoelectric applications. The protocol is verified using SAc-OPE3, for which individual measurements for its transport properties exist in the literature.
Technology development at the interface of proteome research and genomics: Mapping nonpolymorphic proteins on the physical map of mouse chromosomes (1999)

Data obtained from protein spots by peptide mass fingerprinting are used to identify the corresponding genes in sequence databases. The relevant cDNAs are obtained as clones from the Integrated Molecular Analysis of Genome Expression (I.M.A.G.E.) consortium. Mapping of I.M.A.G.E. clones is performed in two steps: first, cDNA clones are hybridized against a 10-hit genomic mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Second, interspersed repetitive sequence polymerase chain reaction (IRS-PCR) using a single primer directed against the mouse B1 repeat element is performed on BACs. As each cDNA detects several BACs, and each individual BAC has a 50% chance to recover an IRS-PCR fragment, the majority of cDNAs produce at least a single IRS-PCR fragment. Individual IRS fragments are hybridized against high-density spotted filter grids containing the three-dimensional permutated pools of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library resources that are currently being used to construct a physical map of the mouse genome. IRS fragments that hybridize to YAC clones already placed into contigs immediately provide highly precise map positions. This technology therefore is able to draw links between proteins detected by 2-D gel electrophoresis and the corresponding gene loci in the mouse genome.
F-31 Polycapillary Optics in Micro X-ray Fluorescence— Invited (2004)

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Platinum Complex Assemblies as Luminescent Probes and Tags for Drugs and Toxins in Water (2016)

A reactive phosphorescent probe for aza-heterocyclic drugs and toxins was developed, affording a supramolecular emission-switch-on chemosensor in water. Complex formation of the heterocycles with a platinum(II) precursor proceeds readily at ambient conditions, allowing for facile analyte screening. Fifty-two structurally diverse compounds were tested, out of which 23 pyridines, imidazoles, and triazoles formed strongly emissive complex aggregates. Importantly, they all can be clearly distinguished from each other through a principal component analysis, but often also by simple visual inspection, for example, by their emission color differences (large shifts from blue to red). Also, kinetic reaction profiles and time-resolved emission features can provide valuable information for analyte distinction. The Pt<sup>II</sup> complexes can be applied as emissive labels for drugs and biomolecules, owing to their advantageous photophysical properties and chemical stability in biological media such as blood.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Orbit: A Case Series and Systematic Review (2023)

Orbital malignancies demonstrated lower ADC values, while inflammatory processes demonstrated higher ADC values, except IgG4-related disease. DWI and ADC values differentiated idiopathic orbital inflammation from orbital lymphoma. This study highlights the role of DWI in evaluating orbital pathology.
Unidirectional perfect reflection and radiation in double-lattice photonic crystals (2023)

Non-Hermitian photonic systems are known to exhibit unique phenomena, where non-Hermiticity is typically introduced by material loss or gain. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate unidirectional phenomena solely based on radiation. Our design is on the basis of a double-lattice photonic crystal that has a linear dispersion with a single exceptional point, where the magnitudes of Hermitian and non-Hermitian couplings are cancelled out in one direction. Based on this concept, we realize a unidirectional waveguide which shows perfect radiation when light is incident from one side, and shows perfect reflection when light is incident from the other side. Our results will open up a new route toward harnessing non-Hermiticity.
Recognition of 2019 Transactions and Magazine Paper Reviewers (2020)

Special Feature that lists the names of people involved in the review of technical papers for the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications and Industry Applications Magazine.