gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3‐406: THE ROLE OF STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE PROTECTIVE ACTIONS OF LIGANDS FOR THE TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN (TSPO) (2014)

Translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is a multi-functional mitochondrial transmembrane protein primarily localised in steroid-producing tissues, including the brain. TSPO ligands elicit pleiotropic neuroprotective and cognitive benefits, mechanistically linked to the regulation of steroid synthesis. Our recent findings demonstrate that TSPO ligands promote neurosteroidogenesis, reduce Aβ neuropathology and neuroinflammation, and improve functional outcomes in the 3xTgAD mouse model. Here we investigated the role of steroid biosynthesis in the mechanism(s) by which the TSPO ligand, Ro5-4864, improves AD-related neuropathological and behavioural outcomes in non-Tg and 3xTgAD mice. Male non-tg mice (3 mo old C57BL/J6) were treated with the TSPO ligand Ro5-4864, combined with pre-administration of the steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoglutethimide (AG). AG is a well characterized pharmacological inhibitor of the side-chain cleaving enzyme, P450scc, which is responsible for the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor to all other neurosteroids. Soluble A β was measured in brain extracts by ELISA; a nxiety-related behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze; and learning and memory performance was assessed by object recognition performance. Experiments were repeated in senescent 3xTg-AD mice (16mo old) as a model of amyloid-induced gliosis and behavioral impairments. Microgliosis was assessed based on morphological classification and quantification of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in 3xTgAD mice. Ro5-4864 reduced anxiety and improved learning and memory performance in both non-tg and 3xTgAD mice. The anxiolytic and recognition memory benefits of Ro5-4864 were completely ablated by inhibition of steroid biosynthesis with AG. In contrast, the anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of Ro5-4864 were not blocked by co-administration of AG, suggesting TSPO-mediated reductions in AD-related neuropathology are largely independent of neurosteroidogenesis. These findings suggest the pleiotropic neuroprotective benefits of TSPO ligands may be mediated by separate mechanisms, with the rapid behavioral benefits attributable to TSPO-stimulated steroid biosynthesis, while potential disease-modifying effects on AD-related pathology may be mediated by direct effects on glial function, altered mitochondrial function or cholesterol homeostasis. Determination of the key mechanism(s) of TSPO action is critical to identifying the most efficacious TSPO ligands, optimally translating preclinical findings into clinical use, and rationally developing TSPO ligands for therapeutic use.
Magnetization transitions and ground state domain phases in bcc Fe81Ni19/Co superlattices : On interface induced magnetic anisotropy (2005)

The effect of compositional modulation on structural and magnetic properties of magnetic heterostructures was explored. The systems under focus were ferromagnetic superlattices Fe81Ni19/Co, metal-insulator multilayers Al2O3/Ni81Fe19, nanoparticles and artificial multilayered pillars. The heterostuctures were grown by magnetron sputtering in a state-of-the-art ultra-high vacuum system. The structural characterization was done by X-ray diffraction and reflectivity, as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Magneto-optical Kerr effect, SQUID and XMCD magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy were used for magnetic characterization. The bilayer thickness, ratio of the constituents and the interface quality influence the magnetic properties (magnetic moments and anisotropy) of metallic heterostructures. In particular, magnetic moments in bcc Fe81Ni19/Co superlattices were found to scale with the interface density thus, implying different magnetic moments at the interfaces as compared to the interior part of the layers. The easy direction of magnetization can be rotated from in-plane to out-of-plane, by increasing the bilayer thicknesses, keeping other parameters unchanged. Consequently, the anisotropy strength is strongly dependent on the repeat distance. Stripe domains appear in the films that possess an out-of-plane magnetization. The average domain period was found to be dependent on the applied in-plane magnetic field and on the total thickness of the films. The structural and magnetic properties of Al2O3/Ni81Fe19 multilayers depend strongly on the individual layers thicknesses. By increasing the amount of the magnetic deposits one can change the obtained film structure, from superparamagnetic nanoparticles to ferromagnetic multilayers. By increasing the oxide layer thickness the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles can be altered from ferromagnetic, via spin glass like, to a superparamagnetic character.
Data from SLFN5 Regulates LAT1-Mediated mTOR Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for treatment of nonresectable prostate cancer. Despite high treatment efficiency, most patients ultimately develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of three &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, androgen receptor (AR)-responsive orthograft models of matched hormone-naïve prostate cancer and CRPC. Differential proteomic analysis revealed that distinct molecular mechanisms, including amino acid (AA) and fatty acid metabolism, are involved in the response to ADT in the different models. Despite this heterogeneity, Schlafen family member 5 (SLFN5) was identified as an AR-regulated protein in CRPC. SLFN5 expression was high in CRPC tumors and correlated with poor patient outcome. &lt;i&gt;In vivo, SLFN5&lt;/i&gt; depletion strongly impaired tumor growth in castrated conditions. Mechanistically, SLFN5 interacted with ATF4 and regulated the expression of LAT1, an essential AA transporter. Consequently, &lt;i&gt;SLFN5&lt;/i&gt; depletion in CRPC cells decreased intracellular levels of essential AA and impaired mTORC1 signaling in a LAT1-dependent manner. These results confirm that these orthograft models recapitulate the high degree of heterogeneity observed in patients with CRPC and further highlight SLFN5 as a clinically relevant target for CRPC.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study identifies SLFN5 as a novel regulator of the LAT1 amino acid transporter and an essential contributor to mTORC1 activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: THE ADDITION OF 2,4‐DINITROBENZENESULFENYL CHLORIDE TO 1,3‐DISUBSTITUTED ALLENES: A REEXAMINATION (1979)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des Sulfenylchlorides (II) mit disubstituierten Allenen (I) und (V) wird untersucht.
A Mechanistic Model for Copper Electropolishing in Phosphoric Acid (2007)

Copper electropolishing in phosphoric acid has been characterized using electroanalytical methods, primarily potential transient techniques. An uncommon voltage response, consisting of two distinct steps, was noted when the current was stepped to the limiting current. A slow (, depending on agitation) and relatively small initial potential increase was followed by a fast and large potential rise. The latter always reached the oxygen evolution potential , irrespective of the process conditions. While the first, slow potential transient can be correlated in terms of a diffusion process, the second, rapid potential rise suggests the buildup of a highly resistive component, most likely a surface film. The nearly instantaneous potential relaxation upon current interruption further supports the resistive film model rather than a transport-related process. A two-stage mechanism is proposed and analytically modeled. Accordingly, the cupric ion concentration at the anode increases during the initial stage of the dissolution process due to transport limitations, until a saturation level is reached and a resistive surface film forms. During the second stage, the continuing imbalance between the rate of cupric ion formation and transport into the bulk leads to increasing film thickness and, consequently, to a rapid buildup in resistance. The model quantitatively correlates the experimentally measured transients and is consistent with all other observations relating to the copper electropolishing process.
In vitro platelet quality in storage containers used for pediatric transfusions (2012)

The quality of APCs aliquoted into small-volume containers meets regulatory requirements and is generally equivalent to that of full-volume APCs at expiry.
The structural and dynamical aspects of boron nitride nanotubes under high velocity impacts (2016)

This communication report is a study on the structural and dynamical aspects of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) shot at high velocities (∼5 km s(-1)) against solid targets. The experimental results show unzipping of BNNTs and the formation of hBN nanoribbons. Fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out to gain insights into the BNNT fracture patterns and deformation mechanisms. Our results show that longitudinal and axial tube fractures occur, but the formation of BN nanoribbons from fractured tubes was only observed for some impact angles. Although some structural and dynamical features of the impacts are similar to the ones reported for CNTs, because BNNTs are more brittle than CNTs this results in a larger number of fractured tubes but with fewer formed nanoribbons.
Implementation of Control Strategy for Step-down DC-DC Converter Based on Piezoelectric Resonator (2020)

With the growth in demand for miniaturization in power electronics, the current solutions are starting to display their limits in dimensions, power densities and efficiency. To meet the previous demands, the new piezoelectric materials achieving high power densities and efficiency could be the solution to ensuring the requirements. The piezoelectric resonators (PRs) and the piezoelectric transformers (PTs) have been used previously. Unlike the PTs, the use of PRs in power electronics has not been fully explored, and their use has been limited to operating as switched capacitors. However, a new operating principle using PRs based on energy and electrical balance exhibits good performances in steady state. In this paper, our motivation is to investigate in the capability to control a dc-dc converter based on PRs using this operating principle. Indeed, this paper presents the control strategy of a new step-down DC-DC converter based on a piezoelectric resonator (PR), which is used as an energy storage element. The operating principle of the converter is also presented. Moreover, the control algorithm has been implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) to regulate the output voltage. The control principle is validated experimentally for input-output voltages 120 - 48 V, and achieving an efficiency up to 94% for large operating power range.
Techniques for epicardial mapping and ablation with a miniature robotic walker (2017)

The experiments demonstrated the general feasibility of the techniques for mapping and depth-controlled ablation with the robotic walker.
Photothermal heating enabled by plasmonic nanoantennas for electrokinetic manipulation and sorting of submicron particles (2014)

The photo-induced collective heating enabled by a plasmonic nanoantenna array is for the first time harnessed for rapid concentration, manipulation and sorting of particles, with high throughput. This work could find application in biosensing, and surface enhanced spectroscopies.
Everlasting security in the bounded storage model (2002)

We address the problem of the-security of cryptographic protocols in face of future advances in computing technology and algorithmic research. The problem stems from the fact may be deemed that computations which at a given point in time may be deemed infeasible, can, in the course of years or decades, be made possible with improved hardware and/or breakthroughs in code-breaking algorithms. In such cases, the security of historical , but nonetheless highly confidential data may be in jeopardy. We present a scheme for efficient secure two-party communication with provable everlasting security. The security is guaranteed in face of any future technological advances, given the current state of of the art. Furthermore, the security of the messages is also guaranteed even if the secret encryption/decryption key is revealed in the future, The scheme is based on the bounded storage model and provides information-theoretic security in this model. The bounded storage model postulates an adversary who is computationally unbounded, and is only bounded in the amount of storage (not computation space) available to store the output of his computation. The bound on the storage can be arbitrarily large (e.g., 100 Tbytes), as long as it is fixed. Given this storage bound, our protocols guarantee that even a computationally all powerful adversary gains no information about a message (except with a probability that is exponentially small in the security parameter k). The bound on storage space need only hold at the time of the message transmission. Thereafter, no additional storage space or, computational power can help the adversary in deciphering the message. We present two protocols. The first protocol, which elaborates on the autoregressive (AR) protocol of Aumann and Rabin (see Advances in Cryptology-Crypto '99, p. 65-79, 1999), employs a short secret key whose size is independent of the length of the message, but uses many public random bits. The second protocol uses an optimal number of public random bits, but employs a longer secret key. Our proof of security utilizes a novel linear algebraic technique.
The therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin and nitazoxanide in the acute pig model of Cryptosporidium hominis (2017)

Recent reports highlighting the global significance of cryptosporidiosis among children, have renewed efforts to develop control measures. We have optimized the gnotobiotic piglet model of acute diarrhea to evaluate azithromycin (AZR), nitazoxanide (NTZ), or treatment with both against Cryptosporidium hominis, the species responsible for most human cases. Piglets, animals reproducibly clinically susceptible to C. hominis, when inoculated with 106 oocysts, developed acute diarrhea with oocyst excretion in feces within 3 days. Ten day-treatment with recommended doses for children, commencing at onset of diarrhea, showed that treatment with AZR or NTZ relieved symptoms early in the treatment compared with untreated animals. Piglets treated with AZR exhibited no reduction of oocyst excretion whereas treatment with NTZ significantly reduced oocyst shedding early, increasing however after 5 days. While treatment with AZR+NTZ led to considerable symptomatic improvement, it had a modest effect on reducing mucosal injury, and did not completely eliminate oocyst excretion. Doubling the dose of AZR and/or NTZ did not improve the clinical outcome, confirming clinical observations that NTZ is only partially effective in reducing duration of diarrhea in children. This investigation confirms the gnotobiotic piglet as a useful tool for drug evaluation for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in children.
Computer and Redundancy Solution for the Full Self-Driving Computer (2019)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation.
Interleaved-MIMO DAS for Indoor Radio Coverage: Concept and Performance Assessment (2014)

Distributed antenna systems (DAS) represent a suitable method for extending multiple-operator radio coverage into indoor premises, tunnels, etc. With the advent of 4G (and beyond) mobile communications systems and of multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) transmission techniques, a common problem for wireless operators is how to upgrade existing DAS systems to the MIMO technology in a cost-effective way. In this paper novel indoor solutions based on the combination of DAS and MIMO transmission techniques (Interleaved-MIMO DAS solutions) are proposed, and their performance is investigated in realistic cases with the aid of measurements, ray tracing simulations, and LTE link-level simulations.
Telomere Length Measurement by Flow-FISH Distinguishes Dyskeratosis Congenita from Other Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. (2006)

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the utility of flow-FISH telomere length measurement in white blood cells (WBC) as a screening test for Dyskeratosis congenita (DC). We studied 26 patients: 17 with DC, 1 silent carrier (clinically normal; mutation in TERC), 4 with the Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson variant (HH), and 4 with Revesz Syndrome. Five had mutations in DKC1, 5 in TERC, and 2 in TERT. 23 had hematologic abnormalities, 19 had 2 or 3 of the DC diagnostic triad (lacey pigmentation, dyskeratotic nails, and leukoplakia), and 4 had soft signs of DC. We evaluated 54 first-degree relatives of DC patients, 16 Fanconi Anemia patients (FA), 14 with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA), 5 with Shwachman Diamond Syndrome (SDS), and 10 with other possibly inherited cytopenias (Other). Telomere length was measured in granulocytes and lymphocyte subsets by automated multicolor flow-FISH; results were compared with age-matched values from 400 normal controls. “Very low (VL)” telomere length was defined as a mean telomere length below the normal first percentile for age and specific WBC type. We observed VL telomeres in all subsets in the silent carrier, all HH and Revesz patients, and 15/17 with DC. Eight of 51 DC relatives had VL telomeres in granulocytes versus 2/54 with VL telomeres in lymphocytes. The sensitivities for distinguishing a DC patient from an unaffected relative were 92% in lymphocytes and 96% in granulocytes; the specificities were 96% and 98%, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity for VL telomeres in both cell types were 96% and 96%. The silent carrier with a TERC mutation developed thrombocytopenia, hypocellular marrow, and a cytogenetic clone during follow-up. The 2 DC relatives with VL telomeres in lymphocytes were from a family without a known mutant gene; they may also be silent carriers. The latter possibility disqualified an HLA-matched sibling as a donor for DC-related aplastic anemia, because of engraftment concerns; another sibling donor with normal telomere length was selected. VL granulocyte telomeres were observed in 5/16 FA, 3/14 DBA, 1/5 SDS, and 1/10 Other patients, versus 2/16 FA, 1/14 DBA, 1/5 SDS, and 0/10 Other in lymphocytes, and in both lineages in only 1 each of FA, DBA, and SDS. The sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing DC from non-DC patients using VL telomeres in both lineages were 96% and 93%, respectively. Only DC patients had consistently VL telomeres in all cell subsets. Flow-FISH telomere length measurement provides a sensitive and specific method for identifying patients with DC among families, regardless of mutation status, and distinguishes patients with DC from those with other inherited or acquired marrow failure syndromes. It may also help to detect silent carriers, and facilitate identification of mutations in other telomere biology genes. Our data suggest that the diagnostic triad, soft physical findings and/or bone marrow failure may not be required for the diagnosis of DC. Correct diagnosis of DC will enhance genetic counseling and hematologic management.
Guest Editorial Special Section on ITS and Road Safety (2010)

The eight papers in this special section present some of the latest research developments and breakthroughs achieved in the area of active safety as a result of cooperation between key industrial and academic players all over Europe.
Aerosol processing for the one-step preparation of nanostructured catalysts with high olefin metathesis activity (2013)

As the aerosol process is easily upscalable to industrial production, the results presented in here should boost the development of industrial metathesis and foster future research on the preparation of other complex catalysts.
Fast Algorithm for Finding Unicast Capacity of Linear Deterministic Wireless Relay Networks (2009)

The deterministic channel model for wireless relay networks proposed by Avestimehr, Diggavi and Tse `07 has captured the broadcast and inference nature of wireless communications and has been widely used in approximating the capacity of wireless relay networks. The authors generalized the max-flow min-cut theorem to the linear deterministic wireless relay networks and characterized the unicast capacity of such deterministic network as the minimum rank of all the binary adjacency matrices describing source-destination cuts whose number grows exponentially with the size of the network. In this paper, we developed a fast algorithm for finding the unicast capacity of a linear deterministic wireless relay network by finding the maximum number of linearly independent paths using the idea of path augmentation. We developed a modified depth-first search algorithm tailored for the linear deterministic relay networks for finding linearly independent paths whose total number proved to equal the unicast capacity of the underlying network. The result of our algorithm suggests a capacity-achieving transmission strategy with one-bit length linear encoding at the relay nodes in the concerned linear deterministic wireless relay network. The correctness of our algorithm for universal cases is given by our proof in the paper. Moreover, our algorithm has a computational complexity bounded by $O(|{\cal{V}}_x|\cdot C^4+d\cdot |{\cal{V}}_x|\cdot C^3)$ which shows a significant improvement over the previous results for solving the same problem by Amaudruz and Fragouli (whose complexity is bounded by $O(M\cdot |{\cal{E}}|\cdot C^5)$ with $M\geq d$ and $|{\cal{E}}|\geq|{\cal{V}}_x|$) and by Yazdi and Savari (whose complexity is bounded by $O(L^8\cdot M^{12}\cdot h_0^3+L\cdot M^6\cdot C\cdot h_0^4)$ with $h_0\geq C$).
Supplementary Figure Legends from Genomic Analysis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Human Tumors: A Rational Approach to Preclinical Model Selection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 94K&lt;/p&gt;
Use of pyranine as a trace fluorescent probe to study structure in aqueous sucrose solutions (1991)

Emission spectroscopy using pyranine as a trace fluorescent probe was evaluated as a means of studying solution structure in aqueous sucrose solutions. Spectra of pyranine doped sucrose solutions o ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy reveals a cooperative unfolding of monomeric amyloid-β 42 with a low Gibbs free energy (2017)

The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plays a major role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Due to its high toxicity, the 42 amino acid long isoform Aβ42 has become of considerable interest. The Aβ42 monomer is prone to aggregation down to the nanomolar range which makes conventional structural methods such as NMR or X-ray crystallography infeasible. Conformational information, however, will be helpful to understand the different aggregation pathways reported in the literature and will allow to identify potential conditions that favour aggregation-incompetent conformations. In this study, we applied fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to investigate the unfolding of Alexa Fluor 488 labelled monomeric Aβ42 using guanidine hydrochloride as a denaturant. We show that our Aβ42 pre-treatment and the low-nanomolar concentrations, typically used for FCS measurements, strongly favour the presence of monomers. Our results reveal that there is an unfolding/folding behaviour of monomeric Aβ42. The existence of a cooperative unfolding curve suggests the presence of structural elements with a Gibbs free energy of unfolding of about 2.8 kcal/mol.