gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly-Efficient and Composable Password-Protected Secret Sharing (Or: How to Protect Your Bitcoin Wallet Online) (2016)

PPSS is a central primitive introduced by Bagherzandi et al. [2] which allows a user to store a secret among n servers such that the user can later reconstruct the secret with the sole possession of a single password by contacting t + 1 (t <; n) servers. At the same time, an attacker breaking into t of these servers - and controlling all communication channels - learns nothing about the secret (or the password). Thus, PPSS schemes are ideal for on-line storing of valuable secrets when retrieval solely relies on a memorizable password. We show the most efficient Password-Protected Secret Sharing (PPSS) to date (and its implied Threshold-PAKE scheme), which is optimal in round communication as in Jarecki et al. [10] but which improves computation and communication complexity over that scheme requiring a single per-server exponentiation for the client and a single exponentiation for the server. As with the schemes from [10] and Camenisch et al. [4] we do not require secure channels or PKI other than in the initialization stage. We prove the security of our PPSS scheme in the Universally Composable (UC) model. For this we present a UC definition of PPSS that relaxes the UC formalism of [4] in a way that enables more efficient PPSS schemes (by dispensing with the need to extract the user's password in the simulation) and present a UC-based definition of Oblivious PRF (OPRF) that is more general than the (Verifiable) OPRF definition from [10] and is also crucial for enabling our performance optimization.
Regulations and Governance in European Cities (1998)

In Europe today, the state is being challenged, and this is leading to renewed questioning of the linkages between social regulation and political regulation. Territories, or sub‐national levels (particularly towns and cities), can constitute one level on which different types of regulation are enmeshed and structured, and where a mode of governance is structured. This paper reviews the uses of the concept of governance by those institutionalist or regulationist economists who address the issue of territory, and then proposes an analytical framework — a sociological conception of governance. La remise en cause de l’État en Europe amène à réinterroger l’articulation entre régulations sociales et régulations politiques. Les territoires, ou niveaux infranationaux (en particulier les villes) peuvent constituer l’un des niveaux d’enchevêtrement et de structuration de différents types de régulation, de structuration d’un mode de gouvernance. Ce papier passe en revue les utilisation du concept de gouvernance chez les économistes institutionnalistes ou régulationnistes qui prennent en compte le territoire, afin de proposer un cadre d’analyse, une conception sociologique de la gouvernance.
Supplementary Figure 11 from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 11 from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1
Zeolite Membranes: Oriented MFI Membranes by Gel‐Less Secondary Growth of Sub‐100 nm MFI‐Nanosheet Seed Layers (Adv. Mater. 21/2015) (2015)

Continuous oriented molecular sieve membranes can now be made as thin as 100 nm. On page 3243, M. Tsapatsis, K. B. Yoon, and co-workers present a deposition method involving the transformation of underlying nanoparticles to the zeolite, sealing the defects present between 2D zeolite nanosheets.
Integrins β1, α6, and α3contribute to mechanical strain-induced differentiation of fetal lung type II epithelial cells via distinct mechanisms (2005)

Mechanical forces regulate lung maturation in the fetus by promoting type II epithelial differentiation. However, the cell surface receptors that transduce these mechanical cues into cellular responses remain largely unknown. When distal lung type II epithelial cells isolated from embryonic day 19 rat fetuses were cultured on flexible plates coated with laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, or elastin and exposed to a level of mechanical strain (5%) similar to that observed in utero, transmembrane signaling responses were induced under all conditions, as measured by ERK activation. However, mechanical stress maximally increased expression of the type II cell differentiation marker surfactant protein C when cells were cultured on laminin substrates. Strain-induced alveolar epithelial differentiation was inhibited by interfering with cell binding to laminin using soluble laminin peptides (IKVIV or YIGSR) or blocking antibodies against integrin beta1, alpha3, or alpha6. Additional studies were carried out with substrates coated directly with different nonactivating anti-integrin antibodies. Blocking integrin beta1 and alpha6 binding sites inhibited both cell adhesion and differentiation, whereas inhibition of alpha3 prevented differentiation without altering cell attachment. These data demonstrate that various integrins contribute to mechanical control of type II lung epithelial cell differentiation on laminin substrates. However, they may act via distinct mechanisms, including some that are independent of their cell anchoring role.
Electric field modulation of the non-linear areal magnetic anisotropy energy in CoFeB/MgO (2017)

We investigate the ferromagnetic layer thickness dependence of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in HM/CoFeB(t)/MgO(2)/Ta(1) (HM = Ta(1) or W(3); thicknesses in nanometer) heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA).
Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-Hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propanoic Acid (S)-AMPA (1996)

(S)-AMPA (11) is an isoxazole containing α-amino acid used for selectively labeling the homonymous excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor. Until now only enzymatic methods have been devised for its preparation. An asymmetric synthesis of (S)-AMPA is reported which exploits the formation of 3-bromo-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methylisoxazole intermediate 3 in a potassium fluoride promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and the application of the bislactim ether methodology for introducing the chiral α-amino acid center.
A Policy System for Control of Data Fusion Processes and Derived Data (2018)

The paper proposes an attribute-based policy framework for a coalition setting in which multiple parties provide data to be used in data fusion processes while at the same time retaining control of how their own data are used in these processes. The framework consists of three main types of policies: (a) access control policies - these allow one to specify controls on the fusion process (e.g., which user can use which data fusion tool) and on the input data to the fusion process; (b) fusion policies - these allow one to specify whether data needs to be pre-processed before being used (for example, whether data must be anonymized before being used, or encrypted and thus fusions must be performed on encrypted data); and, (c) derived data usage policies - these allow one to specify who is authorized to access the data resulting from the fusion. As all these policies are attribute-based policies, they support high-level, flexible, and expressive policy specifications. The paper also briefly discusses technologies for supporting policy enforcement and novel approaches supporting the automatic generation of policies.
The High Mobility Group A2 gene is amplified and overexpressed in human prolactinomas. (2002)

Trisomy of chromosome 12 is a nonrandom chromosomal change in pituitary adenomas, particularly prolactinomas. This and the finding that prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas develop in transgenic mice overexpressing the wild-type HMGA2 gene (which maps to 12q14-15) prompted us to investigate HMGA2 rearrangements and expression in human prolactinomas. By dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using HMGA2-specific PACs and BACs, we found that the HMGA2 locus was amplified in seven of the eight prolactinoma samples examined. The cytogenetic manifestations of elevated HMGA2 concentrations ranged from simple trisomy to tetrasomy 12 and der(12) chromosomes to marker chromosomes bearing 12q14-15-derived regions. Reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed HMGA2 overexpression in a number of prolactinomas bearing rearrangement of regions 12q14-15. These data suggest a critical role of the HMGA2 overexpression in the generation of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in humans.
SspA is required for acid resistance in stationary phase by downregulation of H‐NS in Escherichia coli (2005)

The stringent starvation protein A (SspA) is a RNA polymerase-associated protein and is required for transcriptional activation of bacteriophage P1 late promoters. However, the role of SspA in gene expression in Escherichia coli is essentially unknown. In this work, we show that SspA is essential for cell survival during acid-induced stress. Apparently, SspA inhibits stationary-phase accumulation of H-NS, a global regulator which functions mostly as a repressor, thereby derepressing multiple stress defence systems including those for acid stress and nutrient starvation. Consequently, the gene expression pattern of the H-NS regulon is altered in the sspA mutant, leading to acid-sensitive and hypermotile phenotypes. Thus, our study indicates that SspA is a global regulator, which acts upstream of H-NS, and thereby plays an important role in the stress response of E. coli during stationary phase. In addition, our results indicate that the expression of the H-NS regulon is sensitive to small changes in the cellular level of H-NS, enabling the cell to response rapidly to environment cues. As SspA and H-NS are highly conserved among Gram-negative bacteria, of which many are pathogenic, the global role of SspA in the stress response and pathogenesis is discussed.
Alcoxyflurophosphoranes. II—Monoalcoxyfluorophosphoranes possédant un centre d'asymétrie; diastéréotopie des fluors apicaux (1975)

Abstract Vingt‐six monoalcoxyfluorophosphoranes comportant un group asymétrique et appartenant aux types R 1 PF 3 (OR 2 *) ( 1 ), R 1 *PF 3 (OR 2 ) ( 2 ), R 1 R 3 PF 2 (OR 2 *) ( 3 ) et R 2 1 PF 2 (OR 2 *) ( 4 ) ont été préparés. La non‐équivalence des fluors occupant les sites apicaux de la bipyramide trigonale est mise en évidence par RMN de 19 F pour les types 1 (δ Fa ) – δ F′a ∼ 0,5 à 3,8 ppm. J (F a F a′ ) ∼ (10 Hz), 2 δ Fa – δ F′a ∼ 1,1 à 1,5 ppm, J (F a F a )′ ∼ 14 Hz et 3 δ Fa ‐ δ F′a ∼ 0,2 ppm J (F a F a ′) ∼ 10 Hz, mais non pour les types 4 R 1 2 PF 2 (OR 2 *) Elle est attribuée à la diastéréotopie de ces fluors apicaux. La possibilité d'une gěne à la rotation des substituants est exclue. La synthèse de sec ‐BuPF 4 et EtPhPF est également décrite.
The effects of combining guaiacol and syringol on their pyrolysis (2011)

Abstract Pyrolysis of guaiacol/syringol mixtures was studied in an ampoule reactor (N 2 /600°C/40–600 s) to understand the reactivities of the aromatic nuclei in hardwood lignins. By comparing the results with those of pure guaiacol or syringol, significant effects of their combination were observed during early stage pyrolysis: charring and gas formation were markedly suppressed. Yields for the tar fractions (MeOH-soluble) were increased by combination but the contents of GC/MS-detectable products with low molecular weight were dramatically decreased in these fractions, especially catechol-type compounds diminished, which are formed through the O-CH 3 homolysis reaction and subsequent donation of hydrogen atoms. These observations are discussed at the molecular level. Inhibition of the charring reaction, which can act as a strong hydrogen donor, would increase the probability of radical coupling reactions of the O-CH 3 homolysis products instead of the formation of catechol and pyrogallol and their derivatives. The latter compounds are important intermediates for gas formation, especially for CO. Based on these lines of evidence, a hypothesis is proposed according to which poly\xadaromatization during carbonization activates the pyrolytic reactions of guaiacol and syringol.
Hierarchy for classes of projective garbling schemes (2014)

Recently, privacy has become one of the hottest topics in the world of the Internet-based communications and computation. Many applications, such as cloud computing and various cloud services, require information security and privacy. However, in many cases the level of security in current solutions is insufficient. Methods to ensure secure multiparty computation have been studied for decades, but because of the needs of the modern computation this topic has recently become increasingly popular. Yao's garbled circuit is one method to compute a function f on an argument x privately without revealing any information about f and x except f(x). Unfortunately, current constructions for garbled circuits have limitations - either efficient construction at the cost of reusability or reusability at the cost of efficiency. In this paper we aim at somewhere between these two extremes by defining new security measures for garbling schemes. These definitions support design of reusable garbled circuits that achieve adaptive security even when the function argument is handled bitwise. Moreover, we show how the new classes are related to the existing security classes of garbling schemes. As a result, we obtain an extended hierarchy for the classes of garbling schemes.
Saracatinib is an efficacious clinical candidate for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (2021)

Currently, no effective therapies exist for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare congenital syndrome in which heterotopic bone is formed in soft tissues owing to dysregulated activity of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor kinase ALK2 (also known as ACVR1). From a screen of known biologically active compounds, we identified saracatinib as a potent ALK2 kinase inhibitor. In enzymatic and cell-based assays, saracatinib preferentially inhibited ALK2, compared with other receptors of the BMP/TGF-β signaling pathway, and induced dorsalization in zebrafish embryos consistent with BMP antagonism. We further tested the efficacy of saracatinib using an inducible ACVR1Q207D-transgenic mouse line, which provides a model of heterotopic ossification (HO), as well as an inducible ACVR1R206H-knockin mouse, which serves as a genetically and physiologically faithful FOP model. In both models, saracatinib was well tolerated and potently inhibited the development of HO, even when administered transiently following soft tissue injury. Together, these data suggest that saracatinib is an efficacious clinical candidate for repositioning in FOP treatment, offering an accelerated path to clinical proof-of-efficacy studies and potentially significant benefits to individuals with this devastating condition.
QuickSense: Fast and energy-efficient channel sensing for dynamic spectrum access networks (2013)

Spectrum sensing, the task of discovering spectrum usage at a given location, is a fundamental problem in dynamic spectrum access networks. While sensing in narrow spectrum bands is well studied in previous work, wideband spectrum sensing is challenging since a wideband radio is generally too expensive and power consuming for mobile devices. Sequential scan, on the other hand, can be very slow if the wide spectrum band contains many narrow channels. In this paper, we propose an analog-filter based spectrum sensing technique, which is much faster than sequential scan and much cheaper than using a wideband radio. The key insight is that, if the sum of energy on a contiguous band is low, we can conclude that all channels in this band are clear with just one measurement. Based on this insight, we design an intelligent search algorithm to minimize the number of total measurements. We prove that the algorithm has the same asymptotic complexity as compressed sensing while our design is much simpler and easily implementable in the real hardware. We show the availability of our technique using hardware devices that include analog filters and analog energy detectors. Our extensive evaluation using real TV “white space” signals shows the effectiveness of our technique.
Castration induces autoantibody and T cell responses that correlate with inferior outcomes in an androgen‐dependent murine tumor model (2009)

We recently reported that hormone therapy induces antigen-specific autoantibody responses in prostate cancer patients. However, the contribution of autoantibody responses to clinical outcomes is unknown. We used an animal model to test the hypothesis that hormone therapy-induced immune responses may be associated with delayed tumor recurrence. Male DD/S mice bearing established tumors from the androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma line were castrated to induce tumor regression. Tumor-specific autoantibody responses were measured by immunoblot, and the underlying antigen was identified by serological screening of a cDNA expression library. T cell responses were assessed by immunohistochemistry and IFN-gamma ELISPOT. Following castration, 97% of mice underwent complete tumor regression. Of these, 72% experienced tumor recurrence 18-79 days postcastration, whereas the remaining 28% remained tumor-free for the duration of the experiment. In 55% of mice, castration induced autoantibody responses to an antigen identified as poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). Castration also induced PABPN1-specific T cell responses, which were highly correlated to autoantibody responses, and this was accompanied by dense infiltration of tumors by CD3+ T cells 1-2 weeks after castration. Unexpectedly, mice that developed autoantibody and T cell responses to PABPN1 showed a higher rate and shorter latency of tumor recurrence. In mice with recurrent tumors, T cell responses to PABPN1 were still detectable; however, T cell infiltrates were restricted to the peripheral stroma of tumors. In conclusion, castration-induced immune responses are associated with inferior outcomes in the Shionogi carcinoma model, raising concerns about the influence of treatment-induced immune responses on clinical outcomes in humans.
Polymer Nanoparticles: Shape-Directed Monomer-to-Particle Synthesis (2009)

Well-defined dumbbell and tripartite organic nanoparticles (30-60 nm) were produced via a one-pot direct synthesis of branched amphiphilic block copolymers, avoiding the need for postsynthesis self-assembly steps. We show the mechanism of dumbbell formation is largely a concerted process of particle growth during polymerization, although data suggest that particle-particle linking also occurs, particularly at higher monomer conversions. Dumbbell particles formed using a disulfide bifunctional initiator lead to cleavable structures, underlining the role of initiator functionality in shape control and the potential for functionality placement. Trifunctional initiators allow the direct one-pot synthesis of "tripartite" clover-leaf shaped nanoparticles which would be difficult to achieve through conventional synthesis/self-assembly/cross-linking strategies.
A pilot study on dasatinib in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia progressing on ibrutinib (2022)

The hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) regulates BTK activation and represents a potential therapeutic target in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). We investigated dasatinib, a potent HCK inhibitor, in patients with WM progressing on ibrutinib. Study treatment consisted of dasatinib administered at 100 mg by mouth once daily in four-week cycles for up to 24 cycles. This study was registered under ClinicalTrials.Gov ID NCT04115059. Three participants were enrolled and received at least one cycle of dasatinib. The best response was stable disease. Two patients received 5 months and one patient received 1 month of therapy. The dose of dasatinib was decreased in one participant due to volume overload. Based on the lack of responses observed, the study was terminated. Dasatinib might not be effective in patients with WM progressing on ibrutinib.
Sutureless vascular anastomosis: the VCS® clip (2001)

Non-penetrating, arcuate-legged clips facilitate vascular reconstructions and significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia. Though originally developed as a microvascular-approximating instrument, by far the largest application has been for hemodialysis vascular access. Long-term studies comparing suture to clip for access creation have demonstrated the clear technical and biological superiority of the clip for this procedure. This "sutureless" vascular anastomotic technique is more demanding than conventional suturing, requiring precise vessel preparation and supervised training.
Measurement of Individual Ions Sharply Increases the Resolution of Orbitrap Mass Spectra of Proteins (2019)

It is well-known that with Orbitrap-based Fourier-transform-mass-spectrometry (FT-MS) analysis, longer-time-domain signals are needed to better resolve species of interest. Unfortunately, increasing the signal-acquisition period comes at the expense of increasing ion decay, which lowers signal-to-noise ratios and ultimately limits resolution. This is especially problematic for intact proteins, including antibodies, which demonstrate rapid decay because of their larger collisional cross-sections, and result in more frequent collisions with background gas molecules. Provided here is a method that utilizes numerous low-ion-count spectra and single-ion processing to reconstruct a conventional m/ z spectrum. This technique has been applied to proteins varying in molecular weight from 8 to 150 kDa, with a resolving power of 677 000 achieved for transients of carbonic anhydrase (29 kDa) with a duration of only ∼250 ms. A resolution improvement ranging from 10- to 20-fold was observed for all proteins, providing isotopic resolution where none was previously present.
Adaptive Error Resilient Video Coding Based on Redundant Slices of H.264/AVC (2007)

In this paper, an error resilience video coding scheme is proposed based on the redundant slice feature in H.264/AVC. With the proposed scheme, the source redundancy in a coded bitstream can be adjusted flexibly according to changing channel conditions such as available bandwidth and data loss rate, without the need of complicated re-encoding or transcoding. To achieve good resilience performance, an algorithm is further developed to select a proper set of redundant slices and provide unequal error protection gain. Experimental results demonstrate its improved adaptive capability and similar performance compared to other error resilience coding scheme.