gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-Amplitude Galvanostatically Modulated Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Assessing Reactivity at the Corrosion Potential Without Distorting Temporal Evolution of the System (1998)

An algorithm was developed in which galvanostatic regulation of electrochemical impedance measurements is conducted with an amplitude of current perturbation that is adjusted at each frequency to yield a desired variation in potential. Measurements of three previous frequencies are used to estimate the value of the impedance at the target frequency. The algorithm was implemented using a graphically based general interfacing software on a personal computer. Experimental results illustrated artifacts that can arise as a result of galvanostatic measurement with a fixed current amplitude or as a result of potentiostatic measurements for systems with a changing corrosion potential. A demonstration was presented of the use of variable-amplitude galvanostatically modulated impedance spectroscopy to monitor corrosion of copper in synthetic seawater.
Tungsten oxo alkylidene complexes for Z selective olefin metathesis (2023)

The current application describes tungsten oxo alkylidene complexes for olefin metathesis.
Hydrogen-Transferred Radical Cations of NADH Model Compounds. 3. 1,8-Acridinediones (2000)

Two different tautomeric forms of radical cations generated from 1,8-acridinediones were characterized by steady-state methods, pulse radiolysis, and laser flash photolysis techniques. In solution the primarily formed keto radical cations tautomerize in less than 1 ns to the corresponding enol radical cations. This process is significantly retarded in cryogenic glasses.
Good performance in Japan is proof of continuing safety and reliability improvement practice (1987)

Nuclear power is a vital energy supply source for both security and economy for such countries as Japan whose sources of energy are dependent on imported materials. This is the very reason why Japan gives her national priority to the improvement of nuclear power safety and reliability. As of the end of 1986, total nuclear power capacity owned and operated by private utility companies in Japan amounted to 24521 MW with 32 units sharing -- 19% of the total generating capacity. Moreover, during 1986 these units scored a remarkably high capacity factor of 76.2% and shared almost 28% of the nationwide electric power production, thereby contributing to a considerable saving of imported sources of energy. This outstanding record has been achieved by the parties concerned who dedicated themselves to furthering nuclear plant safety and reliability improvement. In this connection, this paper summarizes those key factors contributing to the good nuclear power plant performance of the Kansai Electric Power Company.
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT EDGES: AN EFFICIENT IMAGE DESCRIPTION FOR MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS (1988)

Efficient edge detection is accomplished by means of a hierarchical processing scheme which implements spatial fre-quency channels similarly to processing in biological visual systems. We use such a pyramidal data structure to efficiently create the channels and thereby extract a set of edges from the various scales of the image. The set of selected edges serves as a compact and simple representation of the image, and as such appears to be most useful in image description for machine vision applications. To assess the importance of the information represented by the most significant edges thus extracted vis-a-vis image structure, images are reconstructed from these edges and compared with the originals based on human subjective (perceptual) criteria. I.
Somatostatin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) is an abundant neuropeptide, which acts on five subtypes of somatostatin receptor (SST1-SST5; nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Somatostatin Receptors [89]). Activation of these receptors produces a wide range of physiological effects throughout the body including the inhibition of secretion of many hormones. Endogenous ligands for these receptors are somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) and somatostatin-28 (SRIF-28). cortistatin-14 has also been suggested to be an endogenous ligand for somatostatin receptors [56].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of 1,2‐Diphenylethane Derivatives, Potential Metabolites of Denzimol. (1990)

Abstract Some 1,2‐diphenylethane derivatives are synthesized and tested for their pharmacological activity in order to study analogues of the potent anticonvulsant drug denzimol (I).
Model‐based directed drifter launches in the Adriatic Sea: Results from the DART experiment (2007)

A high‐resolution numerical model of the Adriatic Sea is used to predict Lagrangian coherent structure boundaries, quantified by finite‐size Lyapunov exponents (FSLE), for flow features in the region of the Gargano Peninsula during the course of the Dynamics of the Adriatic in Real Time (DART) observational program. FSLE fields computed from two‐day model forecasts of the surface velocity indicate distinct regions of high relative drifter dispersion. Model predictions of such regions located on available ship‐tracks were used to direct the launching of pairs of surface drifters on three days during March 2006, with the goal of maximize coverage of the sampling area. For two of the three launches, the observed trajectories separated at locations and along directions closely approximated by those predicted from the model FSLE fields. The third case acted as an inadvertent control experiment. Model predictions at release‐time showed minimal FSLE structure at the launch locations and the observed drifter pair advected in a coherent fashion for two days. While there are considerable differences between individual drifter observations and trajectory envelopes computed from ensembles of synthetic drifters, the experiment confirms the model's ability to approximate the location and shape of energetic flow features controlling the near‐time fate of quasi‐Lagrangian particles. Overall, the combined use of FSLEs with realistic coastal circulation models appears to be a promising avenue to aid real‐time‐directed drifter launches in observational programs.
Searches for electroweak neutralino and chargino production in channels with Higgs,Z, andWbosons inppcollisions at 8 TeV (2014)

Searches for electroweak neutralino and chargino production in channels with Higgs, Z, and
Ecotoxicology and population dynamics: on the use of DEBtox models in a Leslie modelling approach (2005)

Although the ecological risks of toxic chemicals are usually assessed on the basis of individual responses, such as survival, reproduction or growth, ecotoxicologists are now attempting to assess the impact of environmental pollution on the dynamics of naturally exposed populations. The main issue is how to infer the likely impact on the population of the toxic effects observed at the individual level. Dynamic energy budget in toxicology (DEBtox) is the most user-friendly software currently available to analyze the experimental data obtained in toxicity tests performed on individuals. Because toxic effects are diverse and because the sensitivity of individuals varies considerably depending on life-cycle stage, Leslie models offer a convenient way of predicting toxicant effects on population dynamics. In the present study, we first show how parameter inputs, estimated from individual data using DEBtox, can be coupled using a Leslie matrix population model. Then, using experimental data obtained With Chironomus riparius, we show how the effects of a pesticide (methiocarb) on the population growth rate of a laboratory population can be estimated. Lastly, we perform a complex sensitivity analysis to pinpoint critical age classes within the population for the purposes of the field management of populations.
Near-optimal loop tiling by means of cache miss equations and genetic algorithms (2003)

The effectiveness of the memory hierarchy is critical for the performance of current processors. The performance of the memory hierarchy can be improved by means of program transformations such as loop tiling, which is a code transformation targeted to reduce capacity misses. This paper presents a novel systematic approach to perform near-optimal loop tiling based on an accurate data locality analysis (cache miss equations) and a powerful technique to search the solution space that is based on a genetic algorithm. The results show that this approach can remove practically all capacity misses for all considered benchmarks. The reduction of replacement misses results in a decrease of the miss ratio that can be as significant as a factor of 7 for the matrix multiply kernel.
Visualization of Internal Flow and Spray Combustion with Real Size Diesel Nozzle (2012)

The internal flow of a diesel mini-sac (MS) and valve-covered orifice (VCO) nozzle and its spray formation have been investigated by flow visualization with a real-size transparent nozzle. The mechanism of cavitation generation in the nozzle has been studied by focusing on the transient flow pattern in the sac with micro PIV and numerical simulation. String-type and film-type cavitations are separately observed in the nozzle hole during the injection stage. In the case of low needle-lift for MS nozzle, the string-type cavitation is generated by a secondary flow in the hole and stretched to the other hole through the vortex core in the sac. With the increase of needle-lift, film-type cavitation that formed at the hole inlet edge becomes dominant. This transition of the cavitation type is related to the change of the flow pattern in the nozzle sac. On the other hand, only the film-type cavitation was observed in the VCO nozzle. Through analyzing the frequency of cavitation generation and spray fluctuation, it is also evident that with the increase of string-type cavitation, spray cone angle tends to be wide.
Benzothienoiodolium Cations Doubly Bonded to Anions via Halogen-Chalcogen and Halogen-Hydrogen Supramolecular Synthons (2022)

The simultaneous binding of a molecular entity through two interactions is a frequently pursued recognition mode due to the advantages it offers in securing molecular self-assembly. Here we report how the planarity of the benzothienoiodolium (BTI) cation allows for preorganizing in the cation plane the hydrogen, halogen, and chalcogen bonds (HB, XB, and ChBs, respectively) formed by the phenyl hydrogen, iodolium iodine, and thienyl sulfur. Crystallographic analyses of some BTI salts show how this interactions coplanarity enables for their coupling to point towards a single anion that is coordinated via the supramolecular and heteroditopic synthon XB/HB or XB/ChB, the latter observed here for the first time. These synthons adopt a Janus like arrangement around iodine. Crystallographic information suggest that interactions of the synthons act synergistically, e.g., when resulting in the unusually short ChBs formed by the thienyl sulfur. Determination of the molecular electrostatic potential, Bader’s quantum theory of “atoms-in-molecules” analysis, natural bond orbital investigations give information on the nature and energetic aspects of the short contacts observed in crystals
Optimization of the thermomechanical treatment to achieve a homogeneous microstructure in a 14cr ODS steel (2017)

International audience
A Critical Analysis of Bio-Hydrocarbon Production in Bacteria: Current Challenges and Future Directions (2018)

As global fossil reserves are abruptly diminishing, there is a great need for bioenergy. Renewable and sustainable bioenergy products such as biofuels could fulfill the global energy demand, while minimizing global warming. Next-generation biofuels produced by engineered microorganisms are economical and do not rely on edible resources. The ideal biofuels are alcohols and n-alkanes, as they mimic the molecules in fossil fuels and possess high energy densities. Alcohols and n-alkane hydrocarbons (C2 to C18) have been produced using engineered microorganisms. However, it is difficult to optimize the complex metabolic networks in engineered microorganisms to obtain these valuable bio-hydrocarbons in high yields. Metabolic engineering results in drastic and adverse cellular changes that minimize production yield in microbes. Here, we provide an overview of the progress in next-generation biofuel (alcohols and n-alkanes) production in various engineered microorganisms and discuss the latest tools for strain development that improve biofuel production.
Interconnection and electromigration scaling theory (1987)

Interconnections will become the limit in performance and reliability at submicrometer dimensions. Long-distance interconnections are defined using models based on resistivity, and it is found that more than half of the interconnections will become categorized as such at 0.5-µm feature sizes. The resistivity of even less resistive materials, therefore, will become important. A model for analyzing the trends of material usage for interconnections and for projecting design rules is presented. Electromigration is the driving force away from the lowest resistivity silicon compatible material, namely aluminum. Replacements such as gold, however, have technological problems and the resistivity of refractory metals will be too high for a large fraction of the interconnections. Layered structures are one possible solution to the problems of electromigration and hillocks.
Model-based explanation of specifications for sequence control (2002)

Proposes a model-based approach to generating graphical explanations of high-level specifications for plant control. The specifications are explained by a symbolic simulator which generates a plant animation. The animation corresponds directly to images of a machine's action which the designers have in their minds, so that the designers can easily confirm the accuracy of their specifications. Many kinds of knowledge about a plant are needed to generate the animation. This knowledge includes machine structures, machine actions, functions, materials, and so on. The knowledge about functions is the most important for the plant animation, as it allows the symbolic simulator to reason about operations on the materials. In particular, when a plant deals with solid materials, it is difficult to represent this knowledge because the machines used in such a plant usually have some functions which depend on the machines' actions and plant conditions. To solve this problem, we have developed a framework to represent such functions and their relations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IP Route Lookups (2001)

Chapter 13 covers fast IP route lookup approaches, such as the cash-based scheme, the standard-tree-based scheme, the Patricia-tree-based scheme, and the prefix-tree-based schemes. A scheme using two-trie structure is presented in detail. The strength and weakness of these schemes are also discussed.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Offloading for Backscatter-Assisted Wirelessly Powered MEC with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2022)

e investigate a wireless power transfer (WPT)-based backscatter-mobile edge computing (MEC) network with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).In this network, wireless devices (WDs) offload task bits and harvest energy, and they can switch between backscatter communication (BC) and active transmission (AT) modes. We exploit the RIS to maximize energy efficiency (EE). To this end, we optimize the time/power allocations, local computing frequencies, execution times, backscattering coefficients, and RIS phase shifts.e investigate a wireless power transfer (WPT)-based backscatter-mobile edge computing (MEC) network with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).In this network, wireless devices (WDs) offload task bits and harvest energy, and they can switch between backscatter communication (BC) and active transmission (AT) modes. We exploit the RIS to maximize energy efficiency (EE). To this end, we optimize the time/power allocations, local computing frequencies, execution times, backscattering coefficients, and RIS phase shifts.WThis goal results in a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) with conflicting objectives. Thus, we simultaneously maximize system throughput and minimize energy consumption via the Tchebycheff method, transforming into two single-objective optimization problems (SOOPs). For throughput maximization, we exploit alternating optimization (AO) to yield two sub-problems. For the first one, we derive closed-form resource allocations. For the second one, we design the RIS phase shifts via semi-definite relaxation, a difference of convex functions programming, majorization minimization techniques, and a penalty function for enforcing a rank-one solution. For energy minimization, we derive closed-form resource allocations. We demonstrate the gains over several benchmarks. For instance, with a 20-element RIS, EE can be as high as 3 (Mbits/Joule), a 150% improvement over the no-RIS case (achieving only 2 (Mbits/Joule)).
Organic and hybrid molecular systems (2015)

The design of functional organic and hybrid molecular systems has shown outstanding recent growth and is a high priority in the development of new technologies and novel functional materials. Recent advancements in the chemical sciences have provided fascinating opportunities to access the most complex molecular architectures ever possible so far. Herein, we discuss the principles of the structural organization of recently studied molecular systems, basic approaches for their assembly, and challenging directions for their practical applications.
Fire-retardant and transparent wood biocomposite based on commercial thermoset (2022)

Transparent wood (TW) biocomposites combine high optical transmittance and good mechanical properties and can contribute to sustainable development. The safety against fire is important for building applications. Here, a “green” bleached wood reinforcement is impregnated by water soluble and flame-retardant melamine formaldehyde (MF) in a scalable process, for a wood content of 25 vol%. FE-SEM is used for characterization of optical defects and EDX to examine MF distribution at nanoscale cell wall pore space. Curing (FTIR-ATR), mechanical properties, optical transmittance (74% at 1.2 mm thickness) and flame-retardant properties are also characterized (self-extinguishing behavior and cone calorimetry), and scattering mechanisms are discussed. The fire growth rate of transparent wood was less than half the values for neat wood. Transparent wood/MF biocomposites show interesting wood-MF synergies and are of practical interest in building applications. Critical aspects of processing are analyzed for minimization of optical defects.
A Pore-Scale Model of Oxygen Reduction in Ionomer-Free Catalyst Layers of PEFCs (2010)

We present a model for oxygen reduction in water-filled, cylindrical nanopores with platinum walls.At one end, the pores are in contact with a polymer electrolyte membrane.The electrostatic interaction of the protons with the charged pore walls drives proton migration into the ionomer-free channels.We employ the Stern model to relate the surface charge density at the pore walls to the electrode potential.Proton and potential distributions within the pores are governed by the Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory and the oxygen distribution by Fick's law.Assuming a small local current density from oxygen reduction, we found an approximate analytical solution to the transport equations.The metal surface charge density and the corresponding proton conductivity of the pores are tuned by the deviation of the electrode potential from the potential of zero charge of the metal phase, which is the key determinant of the effectiveness of platinum utilization.Other determinants of pore performance are the Helmholtz capacitance, electrokinetic parameters, and pore size and length.Upon upscaling, the model is consistent with polarization data for ionomerfree, ultrathin catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells PEFCs.We discuss the implications of the model for the materials selection and nanostructural design of such catalyst layers.
Laboratory characterization of a swine influenza virus isolated from a fatal case of human influenza (1989)

A swine influenza virus-like type A (H1N1) virus, designated A/Wisconsin/3523/88, was isolated in September 1988 from a Wisconsin woman who had died with primary viral pneumonia. Antigenic analyses with hemagglutinin-specific monoclonal antibodies and postinfection ferret serum indicated that the hemagglutinin of A/Wisconsin/3523/88 was antigenically closely related to viruses currently circulating in swine. Genetic analysis of the A/Wisconsin/3523/88 virus by RNA fingerprinting and partial RNA sequence analysis of seven of the eight segments indicated that the genome of the human isolate was similar to that of enzootic swine viruses. These laboratory data supported the epidemiologic findings that this human infection occurred by transmission of an enzootic swine influenza virus and that the virus showed no major genetic changes potentially related to increased pathogenesis.
Acknowledgment of Invited Editors (2017)

On behalf of the editors of mBio, I gratefully acknowledge the following individuals, who served as invited editors for the journal in 2016. While not members of the Board of Editors, invited editors serve an important role in the review process. Invited editors are experts in their fields of research who add an additional level of quality to the review process. An editor may assign a paper to an invited editor when he/she would like to have an additional expert opinion of the reviews or when the subject area falls outside the editor’s primary area of expertise.
[(η5‐C5Me5)Re(CH3)4], the First Organorhenium(V) Compound without Heteroatom Ligands (1987)

Extreme light, air, and moisture sensitivity characterize the title compounds 1, h which form brilliant red crystalline platelets that are stable for long periods of time at dry-ice temperature. They were obtained by reaction of CH3MgCl with (C5Me5)ReCl4 in a molar ratio of 4:1 (yields 40–50%). The paramagnetic complex 1 has a tetragonalpyramidal molecular structure.
Related Article from Upper Airway Gene Expression in Smokers: The Mouth as a “Window to the Soul” of Lung Carcinogenesis? (2023)

Related Article from Upper Airway Gene Expression in Smokers: The Mouth as a “Window to the Soul” of Lung Carcinogenesis?
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of the C15‐C24 Fragment (I) of Macrolactin A. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
5.4 A Hybrid Thermal-Diffusivity/Resistor-Based Temperature Sensor with a Self-Calibrated Inaccuracy of ±0.25° C(3 Σ) from -55°C to 125°C (2021)

Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve higher resolution and energy-efficiency than traditional BJT-based sensors. To reach similar accuracy, however, they typically require 2-point (2-pt) calibration, compared to the low-cost 1-pt calibration required by BJT-based sensors. This paper presents a hybrid temperature sensor that uses an inherently accurate, but power-hungry, thermal-diffusivity (TD) sensor [1] to selfcalibrate an inaccurate, but efficient, resistor-based sensor [2]. The use of an on-chip reference obviates the need for accurate temperature stabilized ovens or oil baths, drastically reducing calibration time and costs. Furthermore, by sharing most of the readout circuitry, the associated area overhead can be reduced. After self-calibration at room temperature (RT, -25°C) and at an elevated temperature (-85°C), the proposed hybrid temperature sensor achieves an inaccuracy of 0.25°C (3σ) from -55°C to 125°C.