gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Spinozan “Unbelieving” in the Right Inferior Prefrontal Cortex (2023)

Humans can think about possible states of the world without believing in them, an important capacity for high-level cognition. Here, we use fMRI and a novel "shell game" task to test two competing theories about the nature of belief and its neural basis. According to the Cartesian theory, information is first understood, then assessed for veracity, and ultimately encoded as either believed or not believed. According to the Spinozan theory, comprehension entails belief by default, such that understanding without believing requires an additional process of "unbelieving." Participants (n = 70) were experimentally induced to have beliefs, desires, or mere thoughts about hidden states of the shell game (e.g., believing that the dog is hidden in the upper right corner). That is, participants were induced to have specific "propositional attitudes" toward specific "propositions" in a controlled way. Consistent with the Spinozan theory, we found that thinking about a proposition without believing it is associated with increased activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. This was true whether the hidden state was desired by the participant (because of reward) or merely thought about. These findings are consistent with a version of the Spinozan theory whereby unbelieving is an inhibitory control process. We consider potential implications of these results for the phenomena of delusional belief and wishful thinking.
Adaptive Feedforward Control for Speed Control System and Positioning System (1991)

This paper considers the use of an adaptive feedforward controller for both a speed control system and a positioning system with a DC servo motor. The parameters of the feedforward controller are adjusted by an adaptation algorithm, the objective of which is to make the feedforward controller a dynamic inverse of the plant. Moreover, an adaptive disturbance compensator is used, and its parameter is adjusted by the algorithm. The error between the desired output and actual output is used as the adaptation error signal as well as the input to the nonadaptive feedback controller. After the adaptive process is completed, the input to the motor is no longer supplied by the feedback controller but by the feedforward controller. The stability of the proposed adaptive control systems is analyzed and experimentally verified.
Supplementary Methods from Selective Targeting of Interferon γ to Stromal Fibroblasts and Pericytes as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Inhibit Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 77K, Quantitative PCR, synthesis of pPB-HSA-IFNy and immunostaining methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Chirp characterization of a single-arm asymmetric silicon carrier depletion modulator (2013)

The chirp of a CMOS-compatible integrated external modulator based on carrier depletion in an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder structure has been determined from microwave carrier suppression measurements. Chirp control can be used for dispersion penalty reduction in silicon-based radio-over-fiber links and hybrid wireless/wireline passive access networks.
Epsilon-Near-Zero Modes in Thin Films. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Research data supporting the paper "On the manifestation of electron-electron interactions in the thermoelectric response of semicrystalline conjugated polymers with low energetic disorder" (2018)

Here, we present the data underlying the paper "On the manifestation of electron-electron interactions in the thermoelectric response of semicrystalline conjugated polymers with low energetic disorder" accepted at Communications Physics on 26 March 2018. For contributions of the authors to the data and experimental details, please refer to the original paper.
Spatio-Temporal Characterization of beta and Higher Frequencies in Intra-Operative STN LFPs from PD Patients (P04.178) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the spatio-temporal profiles of beta and other frequency bands in intra-operative STN LFPs from PD patients.
EQUALITY-ORIENTED HORIZONTAL POLICIES IN SOUTH AFRICAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT (2015)

In the ever-present fight against poverty, governments are in constant need of effective and efficient policy instruments. Typically, poverty is addressed by tax-based systems of social grants. However, due to financial constraints, instruments that seek to involve the private sector gain more and more attention. Creating such synergies is particularly important for developing countries.In this context, South Africa has implemented and further developed a system of preferential procurement. While the ‘traditional’ focus of public procurement is ‘value for money’, procurement policies increasingly pursue other goals, such as social or environmental ones. In South Africa, one of the award criteria is the tenderer’s B-BBEE status. In doing so, public procurement in South Africa also aims at redressing past inequalities. Moreover, it is perceived as a valuable instrument in the fight against poverty.This article tries to develop an analytical framework in which the effectiveness and efficiency of the South African system of preferential procurement can be assessed. The argumentation builds on two hypotheses: First, the South African system of preferential procurement pursues two different goals: the promotion of equality and the alleviation of poverty. Second, preferential procurement is ineffective with regards to both these goals.Thus the focus lies not on the viability of horizontal policies in general but on horizontal policies for particular purposes. Furthermore, the article takes into account both the economic perspective as well as the normative perspective. There are several factors that cause doubts whether preferential procurement in South Africa effectively addresses poverty issues. Consequently, if we are to justify preferential procurement, we need to adopt a normative view and focus on the concept of substantive equality. Unlike social grants, preferential procurement is capable of promoting the participative dimension of equality – an important aspect of the transformational process in South Africa.
Life without TTP: apparent absence of an important anti-inflammatory protein in birds (2013)

Both innate and adaptive immunity in birds are different from their mammalian counterparts. Understanding bird immunity is important because of the enormous potential impact of avian infectious diseases, both in their role as food animals and as potential carriers of zoonotic diseases in man. The anti-inflammatory protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is an important component of the mammalian innate immune response, in that it binds to and destabilizes key cytokine mRNAs. TTP knockout mice exhibit a severe systemic inflammatory syndrome, and they are abnormally sensitive to innate immune stimuli such as LPS. TTP orthologs have been found in most vertebrates studied, including frogs. Here, we attempted to identify TTP orthologs in chicken and other birds, using database searches and deep mRNA sequencing. Although sequences encoding the two other widely expressed TTP family members, ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2, were identified, we did not find sequences corresponding to TTP in any bird species. Sequences corresponding to TTP were identified in both lizards and alligators, close evolutionary relatives of birds. The induction kinetics of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 mRNAs in LPS-stimulated chicken macrophages or serum-stimulated chick embryo fibroblasts did not resemble the normal mammalian TTP response to these stimuli, suggesting that the other two family members might not compensate for the TTP deficiency in regulating rapidly induced mRNA targets. Several mammalian TTP target transcripts have chicken counterparts that contain one or more potential TTP binding sites, raising the possibility that birds express other proteins that subsume TTP's function as a rapidly inducible regulator of AU-rich element (ARE)-dependent mRNA turnover.
Diptheroids and Associated Infections as a Cause of Failed Instrument Stabilization Procedures in the Lumbar Spine (1991)

Between February 1985 and October 1987, the authors identified seven patients with occult lumbar spine infections associated with the presence of spinal fixation hardware. Six of these infections were with organisms of low virulence; four of the seven patients had polymicrobial infections. All of the polymicrobial infections contained a Diptheroid as one of the isolates. Two of the seven patients studied had normal sedimentation rates. All had white blood cell counts less than 12,000 cells. Imaging studies were not helpful with the exception of one case with a positive gallium scan. The diagnoses were supported by clinical presentation, pathologic tissue changes, positive cultures, and response to therapy. Successful therapy was obtained by removal of hardware and treatment with antibiotics.
The Toroidal Pump Limiter ALT-II in TEXTOR (2005)

The Advanced Limiter Test (ALT) project is the focus of a fruitful and intense International Energy Agreement collaboration on TEXTOR. The pump limiter is a mechanical boundary that is laid out for taking the full heat load of TEXTOR, namely 8 MW (assuming 2 MW radiated power) for 10 s, and provides a pumping efficiency of at least 5% of the working gas. This layout is adopted from the requirements of a fusion reactor: It is mandatory to remove both the full power that is convected to the limiter or divertor and the helium ash that is generated in the fusion process. In order to obtain pumping for all gases, the ALT-II is equipped with turbomolecular pumps. A short description of ALT-II is given, and the power and particle fluxes to the limiter surface and into the exhaust scoops are discussed. Requirements of the helium removal rate for a reactor and relevant measurements are discussed, and particle removal and the power distribution to the limiters are treated. Related topics of the ALT-II program were hydrogen recycling and the measurement of turbulence-induced anomalous particle transport in the plasma edge.
Intra‐ and inter‐laboratory reproducibility of the rat blood Pig‐a gene mutation assay (2020)

The in vivo Pig-a assay is being used in safety studies to evaluate the potential of chemicals to induce somatic cell gene mutations. Ongoing work is aimed at developing an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline to support routine use for regulatory purposes (OECD project number 4.93). Among the requirements for OECD approval are demonstrations of assay reliability, including reproducibility within and among laboratories. Experiments reported herein address the reproducibility of the rat blood Pig-a assay using the reference mutagens chlorambucil and melphalan. These agents were evaluated for their ability to induce Pig-a mutant erythrocytes in three separate studies conducted across two laboratories. Each of the studies utilized a common treatment schedule: 28 consecutive days of exposure via oral gavage. Whereas one laboratory studied Crl:CD(SD) rats, the other laboratory used Wistar Han rats. One or two days after cessation of treatment blood samples were collected for mutant reticulocyte and mutant erythrocyte measurements that were accomplished with the same analytical technique whereby samples were depleted of wildtype erythrocytes via immunomagnetic separation followed by flow cytometric enumeration of mutant phenotype cells (MutaFlow®). Dunnett's test results showed similar qualitative outcomes within and between laboratories, that is, each chemical and each study demonstrated statistically significant, dose-related increases in mutant reticulocyte and erythrocyte frequencies. Benchmark dose analysis (PROAST software) provided a means to quantitatively analyze the results, and the relatively tight, overlapping benchmark dose confidence intervals observed for each of the two chemicals indicate that within and between laboratory reproducibility of the Pig-a assay are high, adding further support for the development of an OECD test guideline.
Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Performance with Double Scattering Channels (2016)

&lt;p&gt;This paper investigates the spectral efficiency (SE) of multi-cell Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) using different channel models. Prior works have derived closedform SE bounds and approximations for Gaussian distributed channels, while we consider the double scattering model—a prime example of a non-Gaussian channel for which it is intractable to obtain closed form SE expressions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The channels are estimated using limited resources, which gives rise to pilot contamination, and the estimates are used for linear detection and to compute the SE numerically. Analytical and numerical examples are used to describe the key behaviors of the double scattering models, which differ from conventional Massive MIMO models. Finally, we provide multi-cell simulation results that compare the double scattering model with uncorrelated Rayleigh fading and explain under what conditions we can expect to achieve similar SEs.&lt;/p&gt;
Polarized Infrared Absorption Spectra of Matrix-Isolated Allyl Radicals (2001)

We have measured the polarized infrared absorption spectrum of the allyl radical, CH2CHCH2 (X̃) 2A2, in an argon matrix at 10 K. The experimental CH2CHCH2 frequencies (cm-1) and polarizations follow: a1 modes, 3109, 3052, 3027, 1478, and 1242; b1 modes, 983, 801, and 510; b2 modes, 3107, 3020, 1464, 1390, and 1182. Two modes (ν6 and ν18) are very weak and could not be detected; the lowest frequency a1 mode (the CH2−CH−CH2 bending mode ν7) is estimated to be beyond the wavelength range of our MCT infrared detector. Infrared absorption spectra of two deuterated isotopomers, CH2CDCH2 and CD2CDCD2, were recorded in order to compare experimental frequency shifts with calculated [UB3LYP/6-311-G(d,p)] harmonic frequencies. Linear dichroism spectra were measured with photooriented samples in order to establish experimental polarizations of most vibrational bands. True gas-phase vibrational frequencies were estimated by considering the gas-to-matrix shifts and matrix inhomogeneous line broadening. The allyl radical matrix frequencies listed above are within ±1% of the gas-phase vibrational frequencies. A final experimental set of all the vibrational frequencies for the allyl radical are recommended. See also: http://ellison.colorado.edu/allyl.
Connectivity-based garbage collection (2003)

We introduce a new family of connectivity-based garbage collectors (Cbgc) that are based on potential object-connectivity properties. The key feature of these collectors is that the placement of objects into partitions is determined by performing one of several forms of connectivity analyses on the program. This enables partial garbage collections, as in generational collectors, but without the need for any write barrier.The contributions of this paper are 1) a novel family of garbage collection algorithms based on object connectivity; 2) a detailed description of an instance of this family; and 3) an empirical evaluation of Cbgc using simulations. Simulations help explore a broad range of possibilities for Cbgc, ranging from simplistic ones that determine connectivity based on type information to oracular ones that use run-time information to determine connectivity. Our experiments with the oracular Cbgc configurations give an indication of the potential for Cbgc and also identify weaknesses in the realistic configurations. We found that even the simplistic implementations beat state-of-the-art generational collectors with respect to some metrics (pause times and memory footprint).
Versatile photonic device fabrication using nonlinear processing in glass with a femtosecond laser oscillator (2002)

Summary form only given. Photonic device fabrication using nonlinear material interactions with near-IR femtosecond pulses has several advantages. Localized, clean, three-dimensional structures can be created in many materials such as metals, semiconductors, and glasses. Very recently, the processing of glass waveguides using pulses directly from femtosecond lasers oscillators, without the need for amplification, has been reported. Oscillators have practical advantages over amplifier systems, and moreover, the higher repetition rate enables faster and more efficient fabrication. Our group has developed a high-power femtosecond Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ laser oscillator using a novel long cavity design. It can generate pulses of 80 fs width and 4 MHz repetition rate with a maximum energy of 100 nJ at 800 nm, far above the threshold for nonlinear processing in glass. This enables greater flexibility in fabrication parameters, such as irradiation laser power, focus, and processing speed.
Influence of a Terminal Formamido Group on the Sequence Recognition of DNA by Polyamides (2002)

Pyrrole (Py)-imidazole (Im)-containing polyamides bind in the minor groove of DNA and can recognize specific sequences through a stacked antiparallel dimer. It has been proposed that there are two different low energy ways to form the stacked dimer and that these are sensitive to the presence of a terminal formamido group: (i) a fully overlapped stacking mode in which the N-terminal heterocycles of the dimer stack on the amide groups between the two heterocycles at the C-terminal and (ii) a staggered stacking mode in which the N-terminal heterocycles are shifted by approximately one unit in the C-terminal direction (Structure 1997, 5, 1033-1046). Two different DNA sequences will be recognized by the same polyamide stacked in these two different modes. Despite the importance of polyamides as sequence specific DNA recognition agents, these stacking possibilities have not been systematically explored. As part of a program to develop agents that can recognize mismatched base pairs in DNA, a set of four polyamide trimers with and without terminal formamido groups was synthesized, and their interactions with predicted DNA recognition sequences in the two different stacking modes were evaluated. Experimental difficulties in monitoring DNA complex formation with polyamides were overcome by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of the binding to immobilized DNA hairpin duplexes. Both equilibrium and kinetic results from SPR show that a terminal formamido group has a pronounced effect on the affinity, sequence specificity, and rates of DNA-dimer complex formation. The formamido polyamides bind preferentially in the staggered stacking mode, while the unsubstituted analogues bind in the overlapped mode. Affinities for cognate DNA sequences increase by a factor of around 100 when a terminal formamido is added to a polyamide, and the preferred sequences recognized are also different. Both the association and the dissociation rates are slower for the formamido derivatives, but the effect is larger for the dissociation kinetics. The formamido group thus strongly affects the interaction of polyamides with DNA and changes the preferred DNA sequences that are recognized by a specific polyamide stacked dimer.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of the Coordination Geometry and of Substituent Shielding on the Kinetics of Ligand Substitution in Copper(II) Chelates. (1986)

Abstract Mit einer spektrophotometrischen Methode wurde die Kinetik des Austauschs der Schiffschen Basen in (I) gegen die zweizähnigen Liganden N‐Ethylsalicylaldimin oder Acetylaceton in MeOH oder Monoglyme bei 298 K untersucht.
Impact of scaffold granule size use in Masquelet technique on periosteal reaction: a study in rat femur critical size bone defect model (2020)

The size of Herafill<sup>®</sup> granules has significant impact on the development of periosteal-like structures around the defect using Masquelet's induced membrane technique. Small granules show significantly increased regrowth of periosteum and improved bone formation adjacent to the induced membrane.
The relationship between retinal vessel calibre and knee cartilage and BMLs (2012)

These findings suggest that vascular pathology, indicative of inflammatory processes, is associated with early structural knee changes. The role of micro-vascular changes in the pathogenesis of OA warrants further investigation.
Relative Analgesic Potency of Oral Zomepirac and Intramuscular Morphine in Cancer Patients with Postoperative Pain (1980)

A twin crossover assay of oral zomepirac and intramuscular morphine was completed in 159 cancer patients with postoperative pain. Zomepirac was a surprisingly effective oral analgesic in these patients, 100 mg orally being roughly equivalent to 16 mg intramuscular morphine. Time-effect data indicate that the peak effect for oral zomepirac may occur slightly later than that for morphine but that zomepirac is relatively rapidly effective after oral administration. Side effect occurrence was roughly in the same range for both drugs, with drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth, and feelings of weakness being observed after both drugs while sweating was observed more frequently after zomepirac. The assay further provided a demonstration of the effectiveness of the twin crossover design as a clinical assay method, providing increased sensitivity of crossover data in a patient population available for only a limited number of study treatments.
Stub-loaded inverted-F antenna synthesis via Wind Driven Optimization (2011)

A novel technique to design and optimize a low profile wire antenna with high broadside gain is introduced. The desired antenna properties are achieved by loading an electrically long inverted-F antenna (IFA) with two optimal wire stubs along the body of the antenna. The best lengths and locations of the stubs as well as other antenna design parameters were selected by a new nature-inspired technique called Wind Driven Optimization (WDO). The results of this work demonstrate that an optimized stub-loaded inverted-F antenna (SLIFA) can provide not only lower profile than that of a conventional IFA but also an enhanced gain of 8.2 dB at broadside where the IFA has a null.
Myopia and Cognitive Dysfunction: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (2013)

Our results provide evidence on a novel association between myopia and cognitive dysfunction.
An algorithm for the design of multiplierless two-channel perfect reconstruction orthogonal lattice filter banks (2004)

This paper describes an algorithm for designing multiplierless two-channel perfect-reconstruction (PR) orthogonal lattice filter banks. The advantage of the lattice implementation is that the PR property is structurally ensured even after quantizing the coefficients into very simple representation forms. The coefficient optimization is performed in three basic stages. First, a simple design scheme is used for generating an initial solution for further optimization. Second, this initial solution is used as a start-up solution for the non-linear optimization algorithm being employed for determining a parameter space of the infinite-precision coefficients including the feasible space where the filter bank meets the given criteria. The third step involves finding the coefficients in this space so that the resulting filter bank meets the given criteria with simple coefficient representation forms. An example taken from the literature illustrates that the proposed algorithm results at least in a good suboptimal finite-precision solution in a fairly short time.
A Novel Low-Damage Methane-Based Plasma Ash Chemistry ( CH4 / Ar ) : Limiting Metal Barrier Diffusion into Porous Low-k Materials (2005)

The efficiency of a methane-based plasma ash process ( chemistry) has been studied. Using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering techniques, we have shown that the formation of a carbon-rich SiOC surface layer during plasma exposure has a protective effect against moisture uptake and metal barrier diffusion. The methane-based chemistry induces a slight increase of the dielectric constant (10%) despite loss of the methyl group during the process. This chemistry proposes an interesting trade-off between the modification of the film required to prevent the metal diffusion and the modification of the dielectric constant.