gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CaMn7O12 Quadruple Perovskite Oxides Proceed by Two‐Active‐Site Reaction Mechanism for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2021)

Abstract The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the essential energy conversion reactions for hydrogen production. In quadruple perovskite oxides AA’ 3 B 4 O 12 (A=Ca, Sr, A’=Cu, Mn and B=3d metals), the new reaction mechanism of O−O bond formation between adsorbed oxygen species at adjacent A’‐B sites has been proposed in recent studies. This idea of multiple transition metals working together to form an active site, rather than a single active site, is appealing, but has not been systematically investigated so far. This study examined catalytic OER performances of CaMn 7 O 12 quadruple perovskite oxides with precisely controlled Mn(A′)−Mn(B) distance by doping with Sr, Cu and Al. The crystal structure and the state of cations and O were investigated through XRD with Rietveld refinement and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The OER catalytic activity is clearly correlated with the distance of Mn(A’)−Mn(B) while both e g state of Mn and O 2p band center unchanged. The shrinkage of the A’‐B distance affects the stability of O−O bond on A’‐B site and accelerates OER kinetics.
Two novel CRX mutant proteins causing autosomal dominant Leber congenital amaurosis interact differently with NRL (2010)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a congenital retinal dystrophy characterized by severe visual loss in infancy and nystagmus. Although most often inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, rare individuals with mutations in the cone-rod homeobox gene, CRX, have dominant disease. CRX is critical for photoreceptor development and acts synergistically with the leucine-zipper transcription factor, NRL. We report on the phenotype of two individuals with LCA due to novel, de novo CRX mutations, c.G264T(p.K74N) and c.413delT(p.I138fs48), that reduce transactivation in vitro to 10% and 30% of control values, respectively. Whereas the c.413delT(p.I138fs48) mutant allows co-expressed NRL to transactivate independently at its normal, baseline level, the c.G264T(p.K74N) mutant reduces co-expressed NRL transactivation and reduces steady state levels of both proteins. Although both mutant proteins predominantly localize normally to the nucleus, they also both show variable cytoplasmic localization. These observations suggest that some CRX-mediated LCA may result from effects beyond haploinsufficiency, such as the mutant protein interefering with other transcription factors' function. Such patients would therefore not likely benefit from a simple, gene-replacement strategy for their disease.
An NMR Study of the Supramolecular Chemistry of Modified Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers (2004)

The supramolecular chemistry of the third generation poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers (1) having adamantylurea end groups was investigated using multidimensional NMR on a 750 MHz spectrometer. A stable complex (3) is formed when 1 is combined with cyanobiphenyl guest molecules (2) having glycinylurea type end groups. Proton connectivities were obtained from 2D 1H−1H TOCSY experiment. The 13C and 1H resonances were correlated from the 2D 1H−13C gHSQC experiment. Spatial proximity of the host−guest molecules was determined from a 2D 1H−1H NOESY experiment. Evidence of the specific binding interactions responsible for the stable complex of 1 with 2 was obtained from 1H−1H interactions determined from the NOESY spectrum.
Coronary DSA: enhancing coronary tree visibility through discriminative learning and robust motion estimation (2009)

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a well-known technique for improving the visibility and perceptibility of blood vessels in the human body. Coronary DSA extends conventional DSA to dynamic 2D fluoroscopic sequences of coronary arteries which are subject to respiratory and cardiac motion. Effective motion compensation is the main challenge for coronary DSA. Without a proper treatment, both breathing and heart motion can cause unpleasant artifacts in coronary subtraction images, jeopardizing the clinical value of coronary DSA. In this paper, we present an effective method to separate the dynamic layer of background structures from a fluoroscopic sequence of the heart, leaving a clean layer of moving coronary arteries. Our method combines the techniques of learning-based vessel detection and robust motion estimation to achieve reliable motion compensation for coronary sequences. Encouraging results have been achieved on clinically acquired coronary sequences, where the proposed method considerably improves the visibility and perceptibility of coronary arteries undergoing breathing and cardiac movement. Perceptibility improvement is significant especially for very thin vessels. The potential clinical benefit is expected in the context of obese patients and deep angulation, as well as in the reduction of contrast dose in normal size patients.
Advanced WLAN integration with the 3GPP evolved packet core (2014)

The large growth in mobile broadband traffic, wide support of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology in mobile devices, and the desire of operators to provide services anywhere at any time, have led to a need to integrate WLANs with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Evolved Packet Core (EPC). This paper starts with a description of an architecture that 3GPP has defined to achieve this. It describes how a mobile device can set up an IP connection over WLAN routed via EPC without imposing new requirements on the mobile device. It also describes how more advanced features that do impose new requirements on the mobile device can be supported in an incremental fashion.
4,4′‐Benzophenone‐O,O′‐disulfamate: A Potent Inhibitor of Steroid Sulfatase (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
PAMAM/5-fluorouracil drug conjugate for targeting E6 and E7 oncoproteins in cervical cancer: a combined experimental/in silico approach (2017)

In the present study, poly(amidoamine)/5-fluorouracil (PAMAM/5-FU) was used as a conjugate system for delivering drugs to target E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which are predominant in cervical cancers.
Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy with a magnetoresistive sensor cantilever (2002)

In this work, a cantilever with a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor is fabricated for scanning magnetoresistance microscope, in order to realize the simultaneous imaging of surface topography and stray magnetic field distribution. A constant current flowing through a meander-patterned metal wire produces a defined magnetic field, and the wire is used as a sample to demonstrate the simultaneous imaging and to reveal the field sensitivity of the cantilever. A MR image has been successfully obtained with lateral spatial resolution of a few μm and a field sensitivity (Hmin≈1.7 Oe) at room temperature.
Seeding of the forward Raman instability by ionization fronts and Raman backscatter (2001)

The self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator utilizes the forward Raman instability to drive a large-amplitude plasma wave. The effectiveness of this process could depend on how it competes with other processes such as self-focusing and cavitation, or other instabilities such as filamentation and hosing. The relative timing between the various processes is dependent on the nature of the seed for each instability. Both ionization fronts and Raman backscatter are capable of seeding the forward Raman instability. This causes the forward Raman instability to emerge much earlier than would otherwise be expected.
Performance Characterization of LDPC Codes for Large-Volume NAND Flash Data (2015)

High bit error rates of next-generation flash devices necessitate the use of more powerful error correction codes (ECCs), such as low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, instead of the legacy Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes. Unlike algebraic codes, the random nature of LDPC codes as well as their ability to use soft information requires the use of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to evaluate code performance. Given a large volume of NAND data, this can pose resource challenges both in terms of simulation platforms and time needed for the Monte Carlo simulations. In order to overcome these challenges, we introduce a new channel metric in this paper to quantify the quality of soft information and propose a practical LDPC code performance characterization methodology.
Intercellular junctions of rat endocardium (1975)

The ultrastructure of the intercellular junctions of rat endocardium has been characterized following lanthanum exposure in vitro and uranyl acetate staining en bloc. The interendothelial clefts of the endocardium run either a relatively straight or convoluted course and posses one or two loci where the plasma membranes are in close apposition or form punctate fusions. Elongate restrictions, that exhibit hexagonal arrays of subunits following lanthanum immersion (gap junctions), are also present in the intercellular endocardial clefts. The occurrence of interendothelial clefts of endocardium lacking occlusive foci can account for the permeability properties of ventricular endocardium, where the direction of diffusion of macromolecules has been attributed to pressure gradients between ventricular cavity and myocardium. The relationship of gap junctions to possible electrical phenomena within the endocardium is also discussed.
An Improved Component Tree Based Approach to User-Intention Guided Text Extraction from Natural Scene Images (2013)

We have proposed previously a component-tree based approach to user-intention guided text extraction from natural scene images. In this paper, in addition to improving the performance of text extraction algorithm for "swipe" gesture, the algorithm has also been extended to support a new mode of using "tap" gesture to indicate the intended text. Given a grayscale image, two component-trees are built and pre-pruned first by using a so-called contrasting extremal region (CER) criterion and simple rules of geometric features. The remaining nodes are enhanced by using color information in a perceptual color space. Then, a pre-trained neural network is used to classify a selected set of enhanced nodes as single-character or non-text objects. The remaining nodes are grouped into candidate text lines, where possible outliers are pruned in individual lines. Finally, the text line "swiped" or "tapped" by a user is selected as the target line and the intended text is extracted accordingly. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on ICDAR-2003 benchmark dataset and a superior performance is achieved against the previous methods.
Second skin (2011)

How can we augment human performance and improve motor learning? How can we encourage and enhance the process of learning dance, martial arts, sports or movie action? How can we make such a process more immersive and playful?
Supplementary Data from Disabled Homolog 2 Controls Prometastatic Activity of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures, Tables, Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Computational investigation of the Mg-ion conductivity and phase stability of MgZr4(PO4)6 (2019)

Solid electrolyte materials exhibiting high Mg-ion conductivity are required to develop Mg-ion batteries. In this study, we focused on a Mg-ion-conducting solid phosphate based electrolyte, MgZr<sub>4</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> (MZP), and evaluated the ionic conductivity of NASICON-type and β-iron sulfate-type MgZr<sub>4</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> structures <i>via</i> density functional theory calculations. The calculations suggest that the migration energy of Mg is 0.63 eV for the NASICON-type structure and 0.71 eV for the β-iron sulfate-type one, and the NASICON-type structure has higher ion conductivity. Although the NASICON-type MZP structure has not been experimentally realised, there is only an energy difference of 14 meV per atom with respect to that of the β-iron sulfate-type structure. Therefore, in order to develop a synthesis method for the NASICON-type structure, we investigated pressure- and temperature-dependent variations in the free energy of formation using density functional perturbation theory calculations. The results suggest that the formation of the NASICON-type structure is disfavoured under the 0-2000 K and 0-20 GPa conditions.
Drain extended MOS device design for integrated RF PA in 28nm CMOS with optimized FoM and ESD robustness (2014)

This paper explores drain extended MOS (DeMOS) device design guidelines for an area scaled, ESD robust integrated radio frequency power amplifier (RF PA) for advanced system-on-chip applications in 28nm node CMOS. Simultaneous improvement of device-circuit performance and ESD robustness is discussed for the first time. By device design optimization a 45% increase in gain and 25% in power-added efficiency of RF PA at 1GHz, and 5× improvements in ESD robustness are reported experimentally.
Regulation of output from the plant circadian clock (2006)

Plants, like many other organisms, have endogenous biological clocks that enable them to organize their physiological, metabolic and developmental processes so that they occur at optimal times. The best studied of these biological clocks are the circadian systems that regulate daily (approximately 24 h) rhythms. At the core of the circadian system in every organism are oscillators responsible for generating circadian rhythms. These oscillators can be entrained (set) by cues from the environment, such as daily changes in light and temperature. Completing the circadian clock model are the output pathways that provide a link between the oscillator and the various biological processes whose rhythms it controls. Over the past few years there has been a tremendous increase in our understanding of the mechanisms of the oscillator and entrainment pathways in plants and many useful reviews on the subject. In this review we focus on the output pathways by which the oscillator regulates rhythmic plant processes. In the first part of the review we describe the role of the circadian system in regulation at all stages of a plant's development, from germination and growth to reproductive development as well as in multiple cellular processes. Indeed, the importance of a circadian clock for plants can be gauged by the fact that so many facets of plant development are under its control. In the second part of the review we describe what is known about the mechanisms by which the circadian system regulates these output processes.
Temperature-Switchable Polymer: Uniting Deep Eutectic Solvents with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (2022)

As analogs of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted considerable attention as benign liquid formulations in the fabrication of polymeric materials because of the numerous advantages and functionalities of these liquid formulations, along with their ability to satisfy the principle of sustainability. Herein, the effectiveness of choline chloride (ChCl)-based DESs as a cosolvent was studied in the development of a versatile platform for regulating the thermal behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions. The hydrogen bond donor (HBD) groups in DESs selectively influence the dehydration mechanism of PNIPAM. UV–visible spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses demonstrated the predisposition of HBD groups toward complex hydration network around PNIPAM. Furthermore, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was investigated using temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrating a decrease in the LCST of PNIPAM in the presence of DESs. The LCST declined most steeply in the presence of choline chloride/lactic acid (ChCl/LA), whereas only negligible variations were observed for choline chloride/urea (ChCl/urea) and choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/EG). PNIPAM and poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCL) were compared to understand the unique molecular interactions of DESs, which clarified the involvement of eutectic solvents in altering hydrogen bonding between the polymers and surrounding water molecules. Disruption of the hydrogen bond interactions resulted in early hydrophobic collapse of the polymers. Moreover, this change depended on the nature of the HBD groups in the DESs. This study highlights the fundamental spectroscopic insights of thermoresponsive polymers in sustainable eutectic solvents for potential use as pulsatile drug carriers.
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Studies of JPH203, an L-Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) Selective Compound (2011)

Many primary human tumors and tumor cell lines highly express human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (hLAT1); cancerous cells in vivo are strongly linked to LAT1 expression. Synthetic chemistry and in vitro screening efforts have afforded a variety of novel and highly hLAT1 selective compounds, such as JPH203 1. In a recent report, we demonstrated that 1 has potent in vitro and in vivo activity. JPH203 was intravenously administered to produce significant growth inhibition against HT-29 tumors transplanted in nude mice. The current work develops a robust LC/MS-MS method to monitor 1 and its major Phase II metabolite N-acetyl-JPH203 2 from biological samples. We have conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments and the major scientific findings are: i) the major route of biotransformation of 1 is Phase II metabolism to produce 2; ii) metabolite 2 is formed in various organs/tissues (i.e. blood, liver, kidney); and iii) as dogs, which are deficient in NAT genes, do not produce 2, the dog will not be an appropriate toxicological model to evaluate 1.
High-index contrast waveguides for microparticle guidance (2008)

Design, fabrication and optimization of high refractive-index contrast Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta2O5) nanoscale waveguides are reported. The strong evanescent field in such nanoscale (150nm-250nm thick) and high-refractive index contrast (Delta.n ~ 0.65) waveguides provide an ideal integrated platform for cell/micro-particle guiding, sorting and diagnosis applications. Optical guiding velocity of 50µm/sec was obtained for 8µm microparticle with guided power of only 20mW.
Computational Assessment of Gaseous Reacting Flows in Single Element Injector (2009)

Peer Reviewed
Six-Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DOF) Work Object Positional Calibration Using a Robot-Held Proximity Sensor (2013)

Industrial automation has been recognized as a fundamental key to build and keep manufacturing industries in developed countries. In most automation tasks, knowing the exact position of the objects to handle is essential. This is often done using a positional calibration system, such as a camera-based vision system. In this article, an alternative six-degrees-of-freedom work object positional calibration method using a robot-held proximity sensor, is presented. A general trigonometry-based measurement and calculation procedure, which, step-by-step, adjusts a work object coordinate system to the actual work object position, is explained. For suitable robot tasks and work object geometries, the benefits with the presented method include its robustness, large work area and low investment cost. Some drawbacks can be longer cycle time and its limited capacity to handle unsorted and complicated objects. To validate the presented method, it was implemented in an experimental robot setup. In this robot cell, it was used to calibrate the position of a stator section work object, which is used in the Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter generator. Hereby the function of the positional calibration procedure was validated. Sufficient positioning accuracy for the stator winding task was achieved and theoretically validated based on the experiments.
Microbes contribute to setting the ocean carbon flux by altering the fate of sinking particulates (2022)

Sinking particulate organic carbon out of the surface ocean sequesters carbon on decadal to millennial timescales. Predicting the particulate carbon flux is therefore critical for understanding both global carbon cycling and the future climate. Microbes play a crucial role in particulate organic carbon degradation, but the impact of depth-dependent microbial dynamics on ocean-scale particulate carbon fluxes is poorly understood. Here we scale-up essential features of particle-associated microbial dynamics to understand the large-scale vertical carbon flux in the ocean. Our model provides mechanistic insight into the microbial contribution to the particulate organic carbon flux profile. We show that the enhanced transfer of carbon to depth can result from populations struggling to establish colonies on sinking particles due to diffusive nutrient loss, cell detachment, and mortality. These dynamics are controlled by the interaction between multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Accurately capturing particle-microbe interactions is essential for predicting variability in large-scale carbon cycling.
Electronic states at unrelaxed and relaxed GaAs (110) surfaces (1978)

We have shown that, using a general class of Hamiltonians, the transfer-matrix technique may be used to obtain exact solutions for the electronic states at any crystal surface bounded by semi-infinite bulk. This result is formally generalized as a theorem and is used to study the electronic states at a clean GaAs (110) surface. The calculation employs an empirical tight-binding Hamiltonian which realistically models the GaAs surface and allows meaningful comparison with both experiments and self-consistent pseudopotential calculations. Surface states are calculated for the clean (110) surface, and a variety of structural relaxations are studied.
Improving object recognition accuracy and speed through nonuniform sampling (2003)

Silhouette-based shape retrieval and recognition have been well studied, because silhouettes are compact representations of object shape, and because they can be reliably extracted in controlled-environment applications such as digitizing museum collections. In past work, we developed a fast and accurate method for retrieval and recognition of object silhouettes and other closed planar contours. The method is based on a combination of alignment, correspondence, eigenspace dimensionality reduction, and example-based retrieval. Its efficiency and accuracy result from the particular forms of each of these components and the way they are combined. This paper presents two improvements to the method: non-uniform sampling and a new similarity measure. The improved method ranks first in retrieval accuracy in comparison with eight prior methods tested on a benchmark database of 1,400 shapes. Its classification accuracy is 96.8% for the first-ranked class hypothesis, and it returns the correct classification in the top ten hypotheses 99.8% of the time. Average time for retrieval and recognition is approximately 0.6 seconds in Matlab on a PC.