gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIMO with More Users than RF Chains. (2017)

Antenna arrays with hybrid analog-digital signal processing capabilities offer a compromise between the performance of digital arrays and the cost-efficiency of analog arrays with a single radio-frequency (RF) chain. A limitation of hybrid arrays is that the number of independent streams that they can transmit with standard precoding techniques cannot be larger than the number of RF chains. In standard hybrid precoding, the analog precoder (phase shifters or switches) are fixed at the beginning of the streams. To break the ceiling on the number of streams, a new precoding paradigm is proposed, where the analog and digital precoder are changed in a symbol-by-symbol basis. Algorithms for optimizing the analog and digital precoders at the symbol rate are provided and their performance is extensively analyzed.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Hybrid VLC-RF Networks With Imperfect Channel State Information (2020)

This paper proposes a general framework for the energy efficiency analysis of a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) wireless system, in which both VLC and RF subsystems utilize non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. The proposed framework is based on realistic communication scenarios as it takes into account the mobility of users and assumes imperfect channel-state information (CSI). In this context, tractable closed-form expressions are derived for the corresponding average sum-rate of NOMA-VLC and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-VLC. It is shown extensively that incurred CSI errors have a considerable impact on the average energy efficiency of both NOMA-VLC and OFDMA-VLC systems. Hence, they should be taken into detailed account in the design of practical systems. We further demonstrate that the average energy efficiency of the hybrid NOMA-VLC-RF system outperforms the NOMA-VLC system under imperfect CSI. Respective computer simulations corroborate the derived analytic results, and interesting theoretical and practical insights are provided, which will be useful in the effective design and deployment of conventional VLC and hybrid VLC-RF systems.
A PET Imaging Strategy to Visualize Activated T Cells in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Elicited by Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (2017)

A major barrier to successful use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a devastating condition that arises when donor T cells attack host tissues. With current technologies, aGVHD diagnosis is typically made after end-organ injury and often requires invasive tests and tissue biopsies. This affects patient prognosis as treatments are dramatically less effective at late disease stages. Here, we show that a novel PET radiotracer, 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine ([18F]F-AraG), targeted toward two salvage kinase pathways preferentially accumulates in activated primary T cells. [18F]F-AraG PET imaging of a murine aGVHD model enabled visualization of secondary lymphoid organs harboring activated donor T cells prior to clinical symptoms. Tracer biodistribution in healthy humans showed favorable kinetics. This new PET strategy has great potential for early aGVHD diagnosis, enabling timely treatments and improved patient outcomes. [18F]F-AraG may be useful for imaging activated T cells in various biomedical applications. <i>Cancer Res; 77(11); 2893-902. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Third-order guided-wave distributed Bragg reflectors fabricated by ion-exchange in KTiOPO/sub 4/ (1994)

Efficient, guided-wave distributed Bragg reflectors were fabricated in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , KTP) by ion-exchange. The period of these gratings (0.7 μm) was chosen to provide third-order Bragg reflection of the TM/sub 00/ mode at 860 nm. Gratings as short as 500 μm provided nearly 100% reflectivity. The reflection from an ion-exchanged grating was used to provide the feedback required for operation of an extended-cavity GaAlAs diode laser. Gratings as short as 70 μm provided adequate feedback for stable operation of the extended-cavity laser.
Search for the decayBs0→D*∓π± (2013)

A search for the decay ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected by LHCb. This decay is expected to be mediated by a $W$-exchange diagram, with little contribution from rescattering processes, and therefore a measurement of the branching fraction will help us to understand the mechanism behind related decays such as ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D\overline{D}$. Systematic uncertainties are minimized by using ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ as a normalization channel. We find no evidence for a signal, and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}({B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})&lt;6.1(7.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ at 90% (95%) confidence level.
Provable Advantages for Graph Algorithms in Spiking Neural Networks. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Structural stability of a nonlinear-optical material fabricated by Langmuir–Blodgett deposition (1989)

The structural and chemical stability of nonlinear-optical films deposited by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique have been characterized by second-harmonic generation and linear absorption measurements. Two new compounds, a tricyanovinyl aniline and a tricyanovinyl azo dye, both possessing large second-order molecular susceptibilities, have been synthesized and transferred as monolayers from the air–water interface to solid substrates by using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Both compounds form monolayers that can be transferred to a solid substrate. The azo dye is the superior material in that it forms films with stable orientational order.
Loss of NLRX1 results in increased intestinal pathology and T cell responses in mice with inflammatory bowel disease (HUM1P.312) (2015)

Abstract NLRX1 is a mitochondrial-associated NOD-like receptor that modulates antiviral immunity, cellular stress, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of NLRX1 in inflammatory bowel disease remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize NLRX1-mediated mechanisms of protection from IBD. We investigated the ability of NLRX1 to modulate gut pathology, inflammation and immunity by using DSS and CD4+CD45RBhigh transfer colitis models. Colons, spleens, and mesenteric lymph nodes were excised for characterizing immune cell subsets, histological analyses, cytokine and autophagy expression, NF-κB activity, and ROS production. The loss of NLRX1 increased severity of disease and colonic histopathology in both models of IBD. Colons of NLRX1-/- mice had significantly increased epithelial ulceration and leukocyte infiltration in the DSS model, while recipients of NLRX1-/- CD4+ T cells had increased leukocytic infiltration, proliferation, fibrosis, and crypt abscessation in both colon and ileum. The loss of NLRX1 increased numbers of Th1, Th17, and Treg in the spleen, increased colonic NF-κB activity, upregulation of IL-17, IFNγ and TNF-α production, and increased ROS production. NLRX1 ameliorates intestinal pathology during IBD by acting as an internal thermostat that modulates the balance of effector versus regulatory CD4+ T cell responses, and suppressing colonic NF-κB activity, inflammatory cytokine expression, ROS production, and autophagy.
LRR-RLK family from two Citrus species: genome-wide identification and evolutionary aspects (2016)

This work provided the first comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the LRR-RLKs in Citrus. A large expansion of LRR-XII in Citrus genomes suggests that it might play a key role in adaptive responses in host-pathogen co-evolution, related to the perennial life cycle and domestication of the citrus crop species.
Impact of Immunosuppression on Recall Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccination in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients (2013)

The results demonstrate that the early B-cell response to influenza vaccination, quantified by the frequency of influenza-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in peripheral blood, was significantly reduced in stable transplant recipients compared to healthy controls. The magnitude of the seroresponse and the rate of seroconversion were also blunted. The influenza-specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) T-cell response was significantly reduced in transplant recipients; however, there was no correlation between the magnitude of the influenza-specific IgG ASC and IFNγ responses. The induction of memory T- and B-cell responses to influenza vaccination supports the recommendation to vaccinate while the blunted responses demonstrate the efficacy of immunosuppression in controlling memory responses individual transplant recipients.
External validation of severity scoring systems for acute renal failure using a multinational database (2005)

Objective: Several different severity scoring systems specific to acute renal failure have been proposed. However, most validation studies of these scoring systems were conducted in a single center or in a small number of centers, often the same ones used for their development. Therefore, it is not known whether such severity scoring systems may be widely applied. Design: Prospective clinical investigation. Setting: Intensive care units. Patients: One thousand seven hundred and forty-two intensive care unit patients with acute renal failure who were either treated with renal replacement therapy or fulfilled predefined criteria. Interventions: Demographic and clinical information and outcomes were measured. Measurements and Main Results: Scores for four acute renal failure-specific scoring systems and two general scoring systems (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) were calculated, and their discrimination and calibration were tested with receiver operating characteristic curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of fit-tests. For the receiver operating characteristic curves, blood lactate levels were also used as a reference. All scores had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve <0.7 (Mehta 0.670, Liano 0.698, Chertow 0.610, Paganini 0.643, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II 0.645, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 0.675, lactate 0.639). For scores that can calculate predicted mortality, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed poor calibration. Conclusions: None of the scoring systems tested had a high level of discrimination or calibration to predict mortality for patients with acute renal failure when tested in a broad cohort of patients from multiple countries. A large, multiple-center database might be needed to improve the discrimination and calibration of acute renal failure scoring system.
ArF excimer laser processing of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon oxynitride thin films: Changes in deep ultraviolet transparency and composition (1989)

A series of silicon oxynitride thin films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), wavelength dispersive x ray, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopies. Changes in deep-UV transparency and in composition of these and similar films on silicon, sapphire, and quartz wafers were then studied as a function of exposure to the output at 193 nm of an ArF excimer laser. Single-pulse and high-repetition-rate exposures at different average pulse energies were performed. No changes were observed in the single-pulse experiments, while the films increased in UV transparency and decreased in hydrogen content in the high-repetition-rate experiments. The effects observed were greater for films on quartz and sapphire, than for films on silicon. While not precluding a UV photon assisted mechanism, these results suggest that the changes in transparency and composition occur via local heating of the film. On the basis of a 10-μm film, the laser exposure of the film on quartz increased its transparency at 200 nm from 1% T before irradiation to 10% T, a contrast of 10, while the film on sapphire increased from 10% T before irradiation to 25% T, a contrast of 2.5. The primary effect of the irradiation upon composition was to reduce both the NH and SiH contents; however, these results, when compared with data on unirradiated samples with a variety of compositions, indicate that it was the change in SiH content that most directly affected the UV transparency. Thus the photomodifiable, UV absorbing defect is associated with SiH bonds in the glass. Changes in other features of the FTIR spectra were also observed. Overall, the local modification of the UV transparency of silicon oxynitride thin films was readily achieved by current excimer laser technology. While the effect occurred for films on silicon, the results show that the greatest contrast at the lowest laser fiuence would be achieved in heavily hydrogenated films on quartz.
Distributed transmission power control method based on soft FFR for cellular downlink (2015)

We propose a distributed transmission power control method based on soft fractional frequency reuse (SFR) for cellular downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). The proposed method adaptively controls the transmission power density in the protected and non-protected bands of SFR depending on the user distribution within a cell in order to maximize the geometric mean of the user throughput (in other words, log sum of user throughput). Thus, it is based on the proportional fair (PF) criteria. The proposed method assumes a decentralized approach, in which complicated inter-base station (BS) cooperation is not required. Since the optimal power allocation to the protected and non-protected bands is dependent on the resource allocation of the protected and non-protected bands to the respective users, the proposed method jointly optimizes the power allocation and resource allocation by using an iterative algorithm. Computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to conventional universal frequency reuse (UFR) and non-adaptive SFR.
Rat adjuvant arthritis: imaging with technetium-99m-anti-CD4 Fab' fragments. (1995)

Despite its monovalency, the anti-CD4 Fab' retains the in vivo selectivity for CD4-positive cell-rich tissues, previously reported for the complete anti-CD4 MAb, and improves imaging of inflamed joints in experimental adjuvant arthritis.
O2–09–01: Assessment of retinal microvasculature may aid dementia subtype differentiation (2013)

Retinal vascular changes, which are markers of microvascular pathology, have been linked to dementia and cognitive impairment. In this study, we examine the association of quantitative retinal microvascular parameters with subtypes of dementia to determine if assessment of retinal vasculature may enhance differentiation of subtypes. This is a prospectively-planned case-control study of clinically diagnosed dementia cases recruited from tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Cases were subtyped as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) based on internationally accepted criteria, and AD cases were further classified for the presence of cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). Controls with no history of stroke and cognitive impairment were selected from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease program and matched by race, gender and 5-year age groups. Retinal vascular parameters (retinal vascular caliber, fractal dimension and tortuosity) were assessed using a semi-automated computer-based program. Due to its skewed distribution, retinal vessel tortuosity was log-transformed. Logistic regression models were constructed adjusting for gender, age, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia status. A total of 156 AD cases (98 without CBVD and 58 with CBVD), 27 vascular dementia cases, and 493 controls were included in this preliminary analysis. Narrower arteriolar caliber was associated with VaD (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) decrease: 2.41; 95%CI: 1.13–5.14) and AD with CBVD (OR per SD decrease: 1.84; 95%CI: 1.05–3.23). Narrower venular caliber (OR per SD decrease: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.11–2.68), decreased arteriolar fractal dimension (OR per SD decrease: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.03–1.61) and venular fractal dimension (OR per SD increase: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.08–1.72) were associated with only AD without CBVD. However, increased arteriolar and venular tortuosity was associated with all three subtypes of dementia. A sparser retinal microvascular network was associated with AD, whereas narrower arterioles were associated with dementia linked to CBVD, and tortuous retinal vessels were associated with all three subtypes of dementia. This suggests that retinal vascular parameters may potentially useful in assessing the contribution of microvascular pathology to the different subtpyes of dementia.
Melanoma: from mutations to medicine (2012)

Melanoma is often considered one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant human cancers. It is a disease that, due to the presence of melanin pigment, was accurately diagnosed earlier than most other malignancies and that has been subjected to countless therapeutic strategies. Aside from early surgical resection, no therapeutic modality has been found to afford a high likelihood of curative outcome. However, discoveries reported in recent years have revealed a near avalanche of breakthroughs in the melanoma field-breakthroughs that span fundamental understanding of the molecular basis of the disease all the way to new therapeutic strategies that produce unquestionable clinical benefit. These discoveries have been born from the successful fruits of numerous researchers working in many-sometimes-related, although also distinct-biomedical disciplines. Discoveries of frequent mutations involving BRAF(V600E), developmental and oncogenic roles for the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway, clinical efficacy of BRAF-targeted small molecules, and emerging mechanisms underlying resistance to targeted therapeutics represent just a sample of the findings that have created a striking inflection in the quest for clinically meaningful progress in the melanoma field.
Identification of Tyr290(6.58) of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor as a Contact Residue for Both GnRH I and GnRH II: Importance for High-Affinity Binding and Receptor Activation (2008)

Molecular modeling showed interactions of Tyr (290(6.58)) in transmembrane domain 6 of the GnRH receptor with Tyr (5) of GnRH I, and His (5) of GnRH II. The wild-type receptor exhibited high affinity for [Phe (5)]GnRH I and [Tyr (5)]GnRH II, but 127- and 177-fold decreased affinity for [Ala (5)]GnRH I and [Ala (5)]GnRH II, indicating that the aromatic ring in position 5 is crucial for receptor binding. The receptor mutation Y290F decreased affinity for GnRH I, [Phe (5)]GnRH I, GnRH II and [Tyr (5)]GnRH II, while Y290A and Y290L caused larger decreases, suggesting that both the para-OH and aromatic ring of Tyr (290(6.58)) are important for binding of ligands with aromatic residues in position 5. Mutating Tyr (290(6.58)) to Gln increased affinity for Tyr (5)-containing GnRH analogues 3-12-fold compared with the Y290A and Y290L mutants, suggesting a hydrogen-bond between Gln of the Y290Q mutant and Tyr (5) of GnRH analogues. All mutations had small effects on affinity of GnRH analogues that lack an aromatic residue in position 5. These results support direct interactions of the Tyr (290(6.58)) side chain with Tyr (5) of GnRH I and His (5) of GnRH II. Tyr (290(6.58)) mutations, except for Y290F, caused larger decreases in GnRH potency than affinity, indicating that an aromatic ring is important for the agonist-induced receptor conformational switch.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 46K&lt;/p&gt;
Servo techniques for optical disk drives —high‐speed and precise optical beam‐positioning control— (2009)

Abstract We introduce advanced servo techniques for optical disk drives. High speed and precise optcal beam‐positioning and following controls are required archival memories such as high density and high data transfer rate optical disk drives for recording many data and high quality moving pictures toward next generation systems. The zero phase error tracking‐feed‐forward (ZPET‐FF) control method is effective for the next generation systems, which have high disk rotation speed beyond the limit of 10,000 rpm of optical disk drives such as current CDs, DVDs or Blu‐ray discs. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
How Low Can You Go? Broiler Breast Muscle Possesses a Mitochondrial Content of Just 2% (2022)

<title>Abstract</title> In 1977 the <italic>pectoralis major</italic> (breast) muscle mitochondrial content of domestic broiler chickens, <italic>Gallus gallus domesticus</italic>, was estimated at 4.1%. This very low value is unsurprising in light of the bird’s unique muscle fibre composition, being exclusively composed of low aerobic capacity type IIB fibres. However, in the subsequent ~ 45 years broilers have been further modified by sustained intensive genetic selection on feed conversion efficiency and breast muscle mass. Objective With a view to understanding the metabolic implications of this historic selection – and also laying a foundation to better interpret current commercial performance - we quantitated the cellular bioenergetic structure of modern broilers. The breast muscle of 4 64 d old Ross308 broilers was subject to morphometric analysis based on transverse Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. Results This approach determined an average mitochondrial content, diameter and circularity ratio of 2.1%, 0.42 µm and 0.72, respectively. Broiler breast mitochondrial content has thus approximately halved in the last 45 years, and represents one of the lowest contents recorded for the muscle of any eukaryotic species. We have provided an updated benchmark for interpreting broiler muscle biochemistry and reinforce the view that domestic chickens are unique models of minimal aerobic capacity.
Mucosal immunity: immune response (PP-066) (2010)

remains to be investigated. Here we show that ATP-mediated activation of mast cells through P2X7 purinergic receptors plays a pivotal role in the induction of inflammatory responses in the colon. Using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model, we found that colonic inflammatory responses associated were reduced in the mast cell-deficient Wsh/sh mice. To identify key molecules in the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses in the colon, we established monoclonal anti-mast cell antibody (1F11 mAb) inhibiting the activation of colonic mast cells in TNBS-colitis model. Biochemical and proteomics analyses revealed that 1F11 mAb recognized P2X7 purinoceptor expressed predominantly on mast cells. The 1F11 mAb inhibited ATP-dependent mast cell activation, such as degranulation and production of leukotriene and IL-1beta. Consistent with these findings, Wsh/sh mice re-constituted with bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from P2X7-deficient mice showed less severity than that of BMMCs from wild-type mice. Taken together, current findings indicated critical roles of ATP-P2X7-dependent pathway of mast cells for the induction of acute inflammation phase of colitis, and provided possible novel strategy for the development of effective therapy against the mast cell mediated inflammatory diseases in the gut.