gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyapatite/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) double coating on magnesium for enhanced corrosion resistance and coating flexibility (2012)

Hydroxyapatite was deposited on pure magnesium (Mg) with a flexible poly(ε-caprolactone) interlayer to reduce the corrosion rate of Mg and enhance coating flexibility. The poly(ε-caprolactone) interlayer was uniformly coated on Mg by a spraying method, followed by hydroxyapatite deposition on the poly(ε-caprolactone) using an aerosol deposition method. In scanning electron microscopy observations, inorganic/organic composite-like structure was observed between the hydroxyapatite and poly(ε-caprolactone) layers, resulting from the collisions of hydroxyapatite particles into the poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix at the initial stage of the aerosol deposition. The corrosion resistance of the coated Mg was examined using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The hydroxyapatite/poly(ε-caprolactone) double coating remarkably improved the corrosion resistance of Mg in Hank's solution. In the in vitro cell tests, the coated Mg showed better cell adhesion compared with the bare Mg due to the reduced corrosion rate and enhanced biocompatibility. The stability and flexibility of hydroxyapatite/poly(ε-caprolactone) double coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy inspections after the coated Mg was deformed. The hydroxyapatite coating on the poly(ε-caprolactone) interlayer revealed enhanced coating stability and flexibility without cracking or delamination during bending and stretching compared with the hydroxyapatite single coating. These results demonstrated that the hydroxyapatite/poly(ε-caprolactone) double coating significantly improved the surface corrosion resistance of Mg and enhanced coating flexibility for use of Mg as a biodegradable implant.
Evidence for a pressure-induced phase transition of few-layer graphene to 2D diamond (2019)

We unveil the diamondization mechanism of few-layer graphene compressed in the presence of water, providing robust evidence for the pressure-induced formation of 2D diamond. High-pressure Raman spectroscopy provides evidence of a phase transition occurring in the range of 4-7 GPa for 5-layer graphene and graphite. The pressure-induced phase is partially transparent and indents the silicon substrate. Our combined theoretical and experimental results indicate a gradual top-bottom diamondization mechanism, consistent with the formation of diamondene, a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor. High-pressure x-ray diffraction on graphene indicates the formation of hexagonal diamond, consistent with the bulk limit of eclipsed-conformed diamondene.
Bayesian color constancy for outdoor object recognition (2005)

Outdoor scene classification is challenging due to irregular geometry, uncontrolled illumination, and noisy reflectance distributions. This paper discusses a Bayesian approach to classifying a color image of an outdoor scene. A likelihood model factors in the physics of the image formation process, sensor noise distribution, and prior distributions over geometry, material types, and illuminant spectrum parameters. These prior distributions are learned through a training process that uses color observations of planar scene patches over time. An iterative linear algorithm estimates the maximum likelihood reflectance, spectrum, geometry, and object class labels for a new image. Experiments on images taken by outdoor surveillance cameras classify known material types and shadow regions correctly, and flag as outliers material types that were not seen previously.
An On-chip DC to 42.8 MHz Bandwidth Readout Interface for Hybrid Current Sensor (2023)

A readout interface of a hybrid current sensor is implemented on an application specific integrated circuit to achieve wide bandwidth and higher resolution. The readout interface is implemented in the XFAB 180 nm SOI process. It amplifies the outputs from a low and a high frequency sensor and aggregates their response in an appropriate proportion in the frequency domain to achieve a flat wideband response. The system bandwidth of DC - 42.8 MHz is achieved. The amplifiers are compensated using the feedforward technique, which does not compromise bandwidth for stability. The output step response of 2.51 V amplitude is achieved with 19.84 ns of rise time in response to sensed step current of 10 A amplitude and 5 ns rise time. Hence, the measured sensitivity of the hybrid sensor with an on-chip readout interface is 251 mV/A. In comparison to the on-board readout implementation using commercial components, system bandwidth has increased by a factor of 4.25 in a similar test setup.
A 36&#x00D7;48mm<sup>2</sup> 48M-pixel CCD imager for professional DSC applications (2008)

A 48 M-pixel, 6 k times 8 k, 36 times 48 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> full-frame CCD imager was developed for professional digital SLR cameras and digital camera backs. Compared to the previous generation CCD, the pixel area was reduced by 30% from 7.2times7.2 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 6.0 times 6.0 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to meet the demands for higher resolution. Still, by improvements in technology and design, the SNR under identical exposure conditions was increased by 30%.
Porous hybrid structures based on P(DLLA‐co‐TMC) and collagen for tissue engineering of small‐diameter blood vessels (2006)

Poly (D,L-lactide)-7co-(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) [P(DLLA-co-TMC)] (83 mol % DLLA) was used to produce matrices suitable for tissue engineering of small-diameter blood vessels. The copolymer was processed into tubular structures with a porosity of approximately 98% by melt spinning and fiber winding, thus obviating the need of organic solvents that may compromise subsequent cell culture. Unexpectedly, incubation in culture medium at 37 degrees C resulted in disconnection of the contact points between the polymer fibers. To improve the structural stability of these P(DLLA-co-TMC) scaffolds, a collagen microsponge was formed inside the pores of the synthetic matrix by dip coating and freeze drying. Hybrid structures with a porosity of 97% and an average pore size of 102 mum were obtained. Structural stability was preserved during incubation in culture medium at 37 degrees C. Smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded in these hybrid scaffolds and cultured under pulsatile flow conditions in a bioreactor (120 beats/min, 80-120 mmHg). After 7 days of culture in a dynamic environment viable SMCs were homogeneously distributed throughout the constructs, which were five times stronger and stiffer than noncultured scaffolds. Values for yield stress (2.8 +/- 0.6 MPa), stiffness (1.6 +/- 0.4 MPa), and yield strain (120% +/- 20%) were comparable to those of the human artery mesenterica.
Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species exert opposing effects on the stability of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐ 1α) in explants of human pial arteries (2003)

Hypoxia induces angiogenesis, partly through stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), leading to transcription of pro-angiogenic factors. Here we examined the regulation of HIF-1alpha by hypoxia and nitric oxide (NO) in explants of human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells. Cells were treated with NO donors under normoxic or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions, followed by analysis of HIF-1alpha protein levels. Treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside reduced levels of HIF-1alpha, whereas NO donors, NOC-18 and S-nitrosoglutathione, increased HIF-1alpha levels. SIN-1, which releases both NO and superoxide (O2*-), reduced HIF-1alpha levels, suggesting that inhibitory NO donors may elicit effects through peroxynitrite (ONOO*-). O2*- generation by xanthine/xanthine oxidase also reduced HIF-1alpha levels, confirming an inhibitory role for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, superoxide dismutase increased HIF-1alpha levels, and the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO reversed HIF-1alpha stabilization by NO donors. Effects on HIF-1alpha levels correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor transcription but did not affect HIF-1alpha transcription, as measured by RT-PCR and luciferase-reporter assays. The results indicate that HIF-1alpha is stabilized by agents that produce NO and reduce ROS but destabilized by agents that increase ROS, including O2*- and ONOO*-. Thus we propose that the effect of NO on HIF-1alpha signaling is critically dependent on the form of NO and the physiological environment of the responding cell.
Substance P Receptors in Human Pituitary: A Potential Inhibitor of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion* (1989)

Specific saturable high affinity receptors for substance-P (SP) are present in human pituitaries obtained post-mortem. The human pituitary SP receptor bound SP and two of its analogs, [D-Tyr0]SP and [D-Tyr0,Nor,Leu11]SP, with similar affinities (Kd, 1.76 X 10(-8), 3.53 X 10(-8), and 1.93 X 10(-8) mol/L, respectively). The fragments SP-(3-11) and SP-(7-10) had lower affinities for the receptor than SP (Kd, 9.24 X 10(-8) and 2.86 X 10(-7) mol/L, respectively). SP-(5-8) and SP-(1-4) were poorly bound by the receptor (Kd, greater than 10(-6) mol/L). The progressive decrease in binding with the removal of amino acid residues from the N- or C-termini of the molecule is similar to that observed in the rat. GnRH and TRH did not compete for the SP-binding sites. SP was able to inhibit GnRH-stimulated LH secretion from cultured human pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner, while having no effect on GnRH-stimulated FSH secretion. Basal release of TSH, PRL, GH, and ACTH was unaffected by SP. These findings suggest that SP may have a physiological role in the regulation of LH secretion in man.
Contextual modeling of hand written Chinese character for recognition. II. Discriminative training (2002)

For pt.I see ibid., p.1099, 1998. In this investigation, contextual models are discriminatively trained using a gradient projection technique. Both open test and closed test recognition rates are substantially upgraded when compared with the results of the decision directed training algorithm reported in part II.
ChemInform Abstract: A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF LASALOCID A (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Ester (Ia) wird über die Stufen (Ib und (IIIa) der Alkohol (IIIb) dargestellt (nachfolgende Racemattrennung).
Spectral induced polarization and electrodic potential monitoring of microbially mediated iron sulfide transformations (2008)

Stimulated sulfate-reduction is a bioremediation technique utilized for the sequestration of heavy metals in the subsurface.We performed laboratory column experiments to investigate the geoelectrical response of iron sulfide transformations by Desulfo vibriovulgaris. Two geoelectrical methods, (1) spectral induced polarization (SIP), and (2) electrodic potential measurements, were investigated. Aqueous geochemistry (sulfate, lactate, sulfide, and acetate), observations of precipitates (identified from electron microscopy as iron sulfide), and electrodic potentials on bisulfide ion (HS) sensitive silver-silver chloride (Ag-AgCl) electrodes (630 mV) were diagnostic of induced transitions between an aerobic iron sulfide forming conditions and aerobic conditions promoting iron sulfide dissolution. The SIP data showed 10m rad anomalies during iron sulfide mineralization accompanying microbial activity under an anaerobic transition. These anomalies disappeared during iron sulfide dissolution under the subsequent aerobic transition. SIP model parameters based on a Cole-Cole relaxation model of the polarization at the mineral-fluid interface were converted to (1) estimated biomineral surface area to pore volume (Sp), and (2) an equivalent polarizable sphere diameter (d) controlling the relaxation time. The temporal variation in these model parameters is consistent with filling and emptying of pores by iron sulfide biofilms, as the system transitions between anaerobic (pore filling) and aerobic (pore emptying) conditions. The results suggest that combined SIP and electrodic potential measurements might be used to monitor spatiotemporal variability in microbial iron sulfide transformations in the field.
Experimental Assessment of the Emissions Control Potential of a Rich/Quench/Lean Combustor for High Speed Civil Transport Aircraft Engines (2001)

In support of Pratt &amp; Whitney efforts to define the Rich burn/Quick mix/Lean burn (RQL) combustor for the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft engine, UTRC conducted a flametube-scale study of the RQL concept. Extensive combustor testing was performed at the Supersonic Cruise (SSC) condition of an HSCT engine cycle. Data obtained from probe traverses near the exit of the mixing section confirmed that the mixing section was the critical component in controlling combustor emissions. Circular-hole configurations, which produced rapidly-, highly-penetrating jets, were most effective in limiting NO(x). The spatial profiles of NO(x) and CO at the mixer exit were not directly interpretable using a simple flow model based on jet penetration, and a greater understanding of the flow and chemical processes in this section are required to optimize it. Neither the rich-combustor equivalence ratio nor its residence time was a direct contributor to the exit NO(x). Based on this study, it was also concluded that: (1) While NO(x) formation in both the mixing section and the lean combustor contribute to the overall emission, the NOx formation in the mixing section dominates. The gas composition exiting the rich combustor can be reasonably represented by the equilibrium composition corresponding to the rich combustor operating condition. Negligible NO(x) exits the rich combustor. (2) At the SSC condition, the oxidation processes occurring in the mixing section consume 99 percent of the CO exiting the rich combustor. Soot formed in the rich combustor is also highly oxidized, with combustor exit SAE Smoke Number &lt;3. (3) Mixing section configurations which demonstrated enhanced emissions control at SSC also performed better at part-power conditions. Data from mixer exit traverses reflected the expected mixing behavior for off-design jet to crossflow momentum-flux ratios. (4) Low power operating conditions require that the RQL combustor operate as a lean-lean combustor to achieve low CO and high efficiency. (5) An RQL combustor can achieve the emissions goal of EINO(x) = 5 at the Supersonic Cruise operating condition for an HSCT engine.
35.3: A Transflective In‐Plane‐Switching LCD with a Higher‐Optical‐Performance Reflective Area (2007)

Abstract The paper describes a novel transflective LCD with in‐plane switching and an ECB (electrically controlled birefringence) reflective area (TIE). The TIE has excellent transmissive and reflective characteristics and is suitable for mobile devices.
Thyroxine is a potential endogenous antagonist of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity (2011)

Abnormally low plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones during sepsis often occur in the absence of thyroidal illness; however, the mechanisms involved in the "euthyroid sick syndrome" remain poorly understood. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized interaction between the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T(4)) and the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), together with its clinical relevance in sepsis. We found that in both patients with severe sepsis, and our rodent model, low plasma T(4) concentrations were inversely correlated with plasma MIF concentrations. The MIF molecule contains a hydrophobic pocket that is important for many of its proinflammatory activities. Binding of L-T(4) (or its hormonally inert isomer D-T(4)) significantly, and dose-dependently, inhibited the catalytic activity of this pocket. Moreover, administration of exogenous D-T(4) significantly improved survival in mice with severe sepsis. To examine the specificity of the MIFT(4) interaction, wild-type and MIF knockout mice were subjected to the carrageenan-air pouch model of inflammation and then treated with D-T(4) or vehicle. D-T(4) significantly inhibited leukocyte infiltration in wild-type mice but not in MIF knockout mice, providing evidence that in vivo T(4) may influence MIF-mediated inflammatory responses via inhibition of its hydrophobic proinflammatory pocket. These findings demonstrate a new physiological role for T(4) as a natural inhibitor of MIF proinflammatory activity. The data may also, in part, explain the low plasma T(4) concentrations in critically ill, euthyroid patients and suggest that targeting the imbalance between MIF and T(4) may be beneficial in improving outcome from sepsis.
Tailored Microstructured Hyperpolarizing Matrices for Optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

Abstract Tailoring the physical features and the porous network architecture of silica‐based hyperpolarizing solids containing TEMPO radicals, known as HYPSO (hybrid polarizing solids), enabled unprecedented performance of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization ( d ‐DNP). High polarization values up to P ( 1 H)=99 % were reached for samples impregnated with a mixture of H 2 O/D 2 O and loaded in a 6.7 T polarizer at temperatures around 1.2 K. These HYPSO materials combine the best performance of homogeneous DNP formulations with the advantages of solid polarizing matrices, which provide hyperpolarized solutions free of any—potentially toxic—additives (radicals and glass‐forming agents). The hyperpolarized solutions can be expelled from the porous solids, filtered, and rapidly transferred either to a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer or to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system.
Selective loss of noradrenergic phenotypic characters in neuroblasts of the rat embryo. (1979)

To define the fate of embryonic neuroblasts in rat gut, which transiently express several noradrenergic traits, we investigated the high-affinity uptake of norepinephrine. At 12.5 days of gestation, these cells exhibited immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monoxygenase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] and endogenous catecholamine fluorescence. However, by 13.5 days these noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotypic characters essentially disappeared. In contrast, norepinephrine uptake, which was also apparent at 12.5 days, persisted at least through 17.5 days. These observations indicate that norepinephrine uptake develops as an additional noradrenergic characteristic in these cells and persists after the disappearance of other noradrenergic traits. Consequently, neurotransmitter phenotypic characters may be transiently displayed during normal development in vivo.
Visual parallel programming in Monads-DPV (2002)

A layered visual parallel programming approach based on object oriented model is presented, together with a methodology for constructing very high level parallel programs for massively parallel processors. After a concise description of the basic principles and the main features of the language, two examples are elaborated as case studies to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of the proposed methodology and graphical notation.
RESEARCH PAPER Discovery and functional characterization of a novel small molecule inhibitor of the intracellular phosphatase, SHIP2 (2009)

Background and purpose: The lipid phosphatase known as SH2 domain-containing inositol 5′-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) playsan important role in the regulation of the intracellular insulin signalling pathway. Recent studies have suggested that inhibitionof SHIP2 could produce signiﬁcant beneﬁts in treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, there were no small molecule SHIP2inhibitors and we, therefore, aimed to identify this type of compound.Experimental approach: The phosphatase assay with malachite green was used for high-throughput screening. The phar-macological proﬁles of suitable compounds were further characterized in phosphatase assays, cellular assays and oral admin-istration in normal and diabetic (
Autoinducer Sensing Microarrays by Reporter Bacteria Encapsulated in Hybrid Supramolecular‐Polysaccharide Hydrogels (2017)

A generally applicable strategy to obtain mechanically robust hydrogels for the incorporation and containment of functional reporter bacteria for the microarray and microparticle-based detection and signaling of N-acyl homoserine lactone autoinducers (3OC<sub>12</sub> HSL) at relevant concentrations is reported. For reinforcing hydrogels of 1,4-bi(phenylalanine-diglycol)-benzene (PDB), a hybrid hydrogel is formed by the combination of PDB self-assembly with Ca<sup>2+</sup> mediated alginate crosslinking. The different assembly mechanisms are shown not to interfere with each other and despite the more than four-fold increased moduli of the hydrogels, diffusion of autoinducers into the gels remains efficient and Escherichia coli pLuxR-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter bacteria are proliferating. Templating affords reporter bacteria-loaded hydrogels with controllable shape and size. Upon exposure to 3OC<sub>12</sub> HSL, the embedded bacteria exhibit an up to 12 ± 3 times increase in fluorescence intensity due to autoinducer-triggered GFP expression. This approach can serve as a potentially generally applicable strategy to sensitively detect bacteria via their secreted autoinducers.
What do distinct parietal neural responses for face and motion discrimination tasks reveal about the mechanisms of the decision-making process? (2021)

The firing rate of macaque lateral intraparietal (LIP) neurons encodes the decision variable (DV) for perceptual decisions reported through saccadic eye movements in a random dot direction discrimination task (Shadlen & Newsome, 2001). In circuit models for these decisions, neural ensembles that encode actions compete to form decisions. Consequently, DVs are represented as partially enabled action plans, where ensembles increase their average responses for stronger evidence supporting their preferred actions. As another consequence, DV representation and readout are implemented similarly for different inputs and task contexts when decisions are communicated through the same actions. Here, we examined these assumptions by comparing LIP responses between the motion discrimination task and a novel face discrimination task. Unlike in the motion task, average LIP firing rates during face discrimination were lower for stronger stimuli supporting the preferred saccade target of the recorded neurons, contradicting existing theories. This marked difference in average responses, however, did not indicate different underlying computations between the tasks; population response patterns in both tasks monotonically encoded the DV on a curved manifold in the state space, representing the integration of sensory evidence. This curved manifold rotated and shifted in a task-dependent manner, leading to the opposing trends of average firing rates in the two tasks. These newly discovered properties of LIP activity are not explained by existing circuit models, necessitating development of new models that incorporate task-dependent computations. Furthermore, the curvature of manifold encoding the DV was not limited to LIP; similar curved manifolds were discovered in the lateral and medial frontal cortical regions. This indicates a ubiquitous computational mechanism across the frontoparietal regions that underlies the observed geometry of the DV encoding.
Ultra-stable Laser System for Next-generation Light-pulse Atom Interferometry MAGIS-100 (2021)

We present a fully phase-locked comb-disciplined-laser system, conceived to operate the Matter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS-100). Via phase-locking to the comb, four ECDLs and a Ti:Sapphire laser inherit the stability of an ultra-stable laser.