gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of photoconductive polymers, 1. Synthesis of poly[2‐(9‐carbazolyl)ethyl vinyl ether], poly[2‐(9‐carbazolyl)ethyl 1‐propenyl ether], and their various copolymers with ethyl vinyl ether (1987)

Abstract 2‐(9‐Carbazolyl)ethyl vinyl ether ( 1 ), a known vinyl monomer, was synthesized using a phasetransfer catalyst, and homopolymerized with BF 3 OEt 2 or EtAlCl 2 .2‐(9‐Carbazolyl)ethyl 1‐propenyl ether ( 2 ) was synthesized by transetherification of ethyl 1‐propenyl ether with 9‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)carbazole in a yield of 34% as a mixture of 49% cis and 51% trans isomer. It was homopolymerized in 90% yield with EtAlCl 2 in toluene at −25°C. Copolymerization of 1 or 2 with ethyl vinyl ether ( 3 ) were initiated with BF 3 OEt 2 or EtAlCl 2 . The yields of copolymers were 78–93%, depending on the polymerization conditions. The solubility of both homo‐ and copolymers was found to be poor. The glass transition temperatures of poly( 1 ‐ co ‐ 3 ) and poly( 2 ‐ co ‐ 3 ) are much lower, than those of poly( 1 ) and poly( 2 ).
S19 | MZCLOUD | mzCloud Compounds (2019)

This is the collection associated with list S19 MZCLOUD on the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange. https://www.norman-network.com/?q=suspect-list-exchange S19 MZCLOUD <strong>mzCloud Compounds</strong> mzCloud Compounds XLSX, CSV (01/04/2019) CompTox mzCloud List mzCloud InChIKeys (01/04/2019) List of compounds on the mzCloud mass spectral database, provided by Robert Mistrik, update by Nikiforos Alygizakis.
Investigation of Elimination Rate, Persistent Subpopulation Removal, and Relapse Rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Using Combinations of First-Line Drugs in a Modified Cornell Mouse Model (2016)

Currently, the most effective tuberculosis control method involves case finding and 6 months of chemotherapy. There is a need to improve our understanding about drug interactions, combination activities, and the ability to remove persistent bacteria using the current regimens, particularly in relation to relapse. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of three main components, rifampin (RMP), isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA), in current drug regimens using a modified version of the Cornell mouse model. We evaluated the posttreatment levels of persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the organs of mice using culture filtrate derived from M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. When RMP was combined with INH, PZA, or INH-PZA, significant additive activities were observed compared to each of the single-drug treatments. However, the combination of INH and PZA showed a less significant additive effect than either of the drugs used on their own. Apparent culture negativity of mouse organs was achieved at 14 weeks of treatment with RMP-INH, RMP-PZA, and RMP-INH-PZA, but not with INH-PZA, when conventional tests, namely, culture on solid agar and in liquid broth, indicated that the organs were negative for bacteria. The relapse rates for RMP-containing regimens were not significantly different from a 100% relapse rate at the numbers of mice examined in this study. In parallel, we examined the organs for the presence of culture filtrate-dependent persistent bacilli after 14 weeks of treatment. Culture filtrate treatment of the organs revealed persistent M. tuberculosis Modeling of mycobacterial elimination rates and evaluation of culture filtrate-dependent organisms showed promise as surrogate methods for efficient factorial evaluation of drug combinations in tuberculosis in mouse models and should be further evaluated against relapse. The presence of culture filtrate-dependent persistent M. tuberculosis is the likely cause of disease relapse in this modified Cornell mouse model.
Chemical Compositions of Black Carbon Particle Cores and Coatings via Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry with Photoionization and Electron Ionization (2014)

Black carbon is an important constituent of atmospheric aerosol particle matter (PM) with significant effects on the global radiation budget and on human health. The soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) has been developed and deployed for real-time ambient measurements of refractory carbon particles. In the SP-AMS, black carbon or metallic particles are vaporized through absorption of 1064 nm light from a CW Nd:YAG laser. This scheme allows for continuous "soft" vaporization of both core and coating materials. The main focus of this work is to characterize the extent to which this vaporization scheme provides enhanced chemical composition information about aerosol particles. This information is difficult to extract from standard SP-AMS mass spectra because they are complicated by extensive fragmentation from the harsh 70 eV EI ionization scheme that is typically used in these instruments. Thus, in this work synchotron-generated vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in the 8-14 eV range is used to measure VUV-SP-AMS spectra with minimal fragmentation. VUV-SP-AMS spectra of commercially available carbon black, fullerene black, and laboratory generated flame soots were obtained. Small carbon cluster cations (C(+)-C5(+)) were found to dominate the VUV-SP-AMS spectra of all the samples, indicating that the corresponding neutral clusters are key products of the SP vaporization process. Intercomparisons of carbon cluster ratios observed in VUV-SP-AMS and SP-AMS spectra are used to confirm spectral features that could be used to distinguish between different types of refractory carbon particles. VUV-SP-AMS spectra of oxidized organic species adsorbed on absorbing cores are also examined and found to display less thermally induced decomposition and fragmentation than spectra obtained with thermal vaporization at 200 °C (the minimum temperature needed to quantitatively vaporize ambient oxidized organic aerosol with a continuously heated surface). The particle cores tested in these studies include black carbon, silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that SP vaporization is capable of providing enhanced organic chemical composition information for a wide range of organic coating materials and IR absorbing particle cores. The potential of using this technique to study organic species of interest in seeded laboratory chamber or flow reactor studies is discussed.
Natural Brazilian Amazonic (Curauá) Fibers Modified with Polyaniline Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract The surface of natural Brazilian amazonic fibers (curauá, Ananas erectifolius ) was modified with polyaniline nanoparticles, through in situ preparation of polyaniline nanoparticles in presence of the curauá fibers. This allowed for a significant increase in the electrical conductivity of the fibers (≈2 500 times). As the electrical resistivity of the modified fibers is a function of the applied external pressure, the produced composites can be used as a cheap pressure‐sensing material. The modified materials were also characterized by FT‐IR, XPS and SAXS, and the obtained results were used to explain some of the observed characteristics of the materials. magnified image
Active Torque Cancellation for Transmitted Vibration Reduction of Low Cylinder Count Engines (2011)

Vibration and noise are common problems in engine-based designs such as generators used in recreational vehicles (RVs). In variable-speed applications, at lower loads, the engine can be run at slower speeds to reduce noise. However, one of the main problems incurred from running an engine at a lower speed is that the vibration modes will shift to lower frequencies, where the mounting system may not produce enough attenuation. Even worse, part of the frequency content may get into the range of the mounting system's resonance, resulting in an unacceptable vibration level. This is a result of engine torque pulsation, which is pronounced for low cylinder count engines. An active torque cancellation mechanism is proposed and demonstrated for engine and transmitted vibration reduction of generator sets with lower cylinder count engines. Specifically, a controlled torque is applied on the crankshaft of the engine to reduce roll motion. An order of magnitude in vibration reduction is obtained through an approach that does not suffer from the need for oversizing of machine, electrical storage, and power electronics. System simulations are developed based on physical and mathematical models to help with control design. The test setup constitutes a two-cylinder diesel engine, a permanent-magnet synchronous machine, an ac/dc active rectifier, electrical storage, and a dc/ac inverter. The experimental setup is used to investigate several issues related to torque cancellation and transmitted vibration reduction, such as the effectiveness of a small number of vibration mode cancellations, tradeoffs between robustness and performance associated with engine cycle-to-cycle variations, and performance objectives used for comparison.
Real Time Probing of Space-Time by Optical Lattice Clocks (2011)

The ‘magic frequency’ protocol has made it possible to design new type of atomic clocks based on well-engineered perturbations. Such ‘optical lattice clocks’ will allow extremely precise and speedy timekeeping, which targets fractional uncertainty of 10-18, by using a large number of atoms and by sharing ‘magic frequency’ protocol. This paper covers motivations for developing such clocks and their experimental realizations. Possible impacts and future applications of optical lattice clocks are discussed, such as testing the fundamental laws of physics and developing relativistic geodesy.
Stem Cells and Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration (2014)

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity for dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications. This article reviews recent developments in stem cell delivery via CPC for bone regeneration. This includes: (1) biofunctionalization of the CPC scaffold, (2) co-culturing of osteoblasts/endothelial cells and prevascularization of CPC, (3) seeding of CPC with different stem cell species, (4) human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) and bone marrow MSC (hBMSC) seeding on CPC for bone regeneration, and (5) human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) seeding with CPC for bone regeneration. Cells exhibited good attachment/proliferation in CPC scaffolds. Stem-cell-CPC constructs generated more new bone and blood vessels in vivo than did the CPC control without cells. hUCMSCs, hESC-MSCs, and hiPSC-MSCs in CPC generated new bone and blood vessels similar to those of hBMSCs; hence, they were viable cell sources for bone engineering. CPC with hESC-MSCs and hiPSC-MSCs generated new bone two- to three-fold that of the CPC control. Therefore, this article demonstrates that: (1) CPC scaffolds are suitable for delivering cells; (2) hUCMSCs, hESCs, and hiPSCs are promising alternatives to hBMSCs, which require invasive procedures to harvest with limited cell quantity; and (3) stem-cell-CPC constructs are highly promising for bone regeneration in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications.
Distribution of Molecular Number Density on Conduit Wall in free Molecular Flow through Conduit with Orifice-Restricted Exit. (2000)

導管壁面を反射する分子数収束と導管入口面に入射する分子数流束の比は分子数密度の比に等しいと仮定して, 下流端がオリフィスで絞られた円管内自由分子流動における管壁面上分子数密度分布の解析を自由分子流動と放射伝熱とのアナロジおよびモンテカルロ法に基づいて行った. 両解析手法によって得られた分子数密度分布は良好な一致を示し, 以下の知見が得られた. (1) 分子数密度は, 円管部の断面積とオリフィス開口面積比βの増大に伴って増大する, (2) 円管部の管長と管半径比L/R 1でβ 2の導管内の分子数密度分布は最小値を持つ, (3) 最小値の現れる位置はL/Rの増大に伴って下流側に移行する.
Nematode ascaroside enhances resistance in a broad spectrum of plant–pathogen systems (2019)

Abstract Recognition of specific molecule signatures of microbes, including pathogens, induces innate immune responses in plants, as well as in animals. Analogously, a nematode pheromone, the ascaroside ascr#18, induces hallmark plant defences including activation of (a) mitogen‐activated protein kinases, (b) salicylic acid‐ and jasmonic acid‐mediated defence signalling pathways and (c) defence gene expression and provides protection to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Ascr#18 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of nematode signalling molecules and is the major ascaroside secreted by plant–parasitic nematodes. Here, we report the effects of ascr#18 on resistance in four of the major economically important crops: maize, rice, wheat and soybean to some of their associated pathogens. Treatment with low nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations of ascr#18 provided from partial to strong protection in seven of eight plant–pathogen systems tested with viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and nematodes. This research may have potential to improve agricultural sustainability by reducing use of potentially harmful agrochemicals and enhance food security worldwide.
PEMFC state-of-health estimation using a model-based state Bayesian observer under an automotive load profile (2020)

An estimation of the actual State of health (SoH) of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) based on a Bayesian observer model is presented. The observer model considers a degradation model which describes the electrodes platinum dissolution to characterize the energy source deterioration under dynamic operation conditions in real time. This observer model is carried out using an Unscented Kalman Filter to correct and update the SoH estimation. The proposed method is evaluated using a 1000h durability test under a dynamic highly load profile, similar to an automotive load cycling, from a 20 cells PEMFC stack.
Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators (2016)

At the 93rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan, a symposium entitled "Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators" was organized. The latest research on weight control was presented by young up-and-coming investigators. The symposium consisted of the following presentations: Gastrointestinal brush cells, immunity, and energy homeostasis; Impact of a brown rice-derived bioactive product on feeding regulation and fuel metabolism; A novel G protein-coupled receptor-regulated neuronal signaling pathway triggers sustained orexigenic effects; and NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine regulates food preference. These four talks presented at the symposium were summarized as a series of short reviews in this review.
Erratum to “Design and Development of a High-Frequency Multiport Solid-State Transformer With Decoupled Control Scheme” (2020)

Presents corrections to author informaiton in the above mentioned paper.
Solver Learning for Predicting Changes in Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction Problems (2004)

We present a way of integrating machine learning capabilities in constraint reasoning systems by the use of partially defined constraints called Open Constraints. This enables a form of constraint reasoning with incomplete information: we use a machine learning algorithm to guess the missing part of the constraint and we put immediately this knowledge into the operational form of a solver. This approaches extends the field of applicability of constraint reasoning to problems which are difficult to model using classical constraints, and also potentially improves the efficiency of dynamic constraint solving. We illustrate our framework on online constraint solving applications which range from mobile computing to robotics.
Supplementary Video 1a from Blocking Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy in Tumors Restores Cytotoxic T-Cell Activity and Promotes Regression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 15.2 MB&lt;/p&gt;
Future Directions in Early Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Research: An NHLBI Workshop Report (2012)

Since the 1989 discovery that mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), there has been substantial progress toward understanding the molecular basis for CF lung disease, leading to the discovery and development of new therapeutic approaches. However, the earliest impact of the loss of CFTR function on airway physiology and structure and its relationship to initial infection and inflammation are poorly understood. Universal newborn screening for CF in the United States represents an unprecedented opportunity for investigating CF clinical manifestations very early in life. Recently developed animal models with pulmonary phenotypic manifestations also provide a window into the early consequences of this genetic disorder. For these reasons, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a working group of extramural experts, entitled "Future Research Directions in Early CF Lung Disease" on September 21-22, 2010, to identify future research directions of great promise in CF. The priority areas identified included (1) exploring pathogenic mechanisms of early CF lung disease; (2) leveraging newborn screening to elucidate the natural history of early lung disease; (3) developing a spectrum of biomarkers of early lung disease that reflects CF pathophysiology, clinical outcome, and response to treatment; (4) exploring the role of genetics/genomics (e.g., modifier genes, gene-environmental interactions, and epigenetics) in early CF pathogenesis; (5) defining early microbiological events in CF lung disease; and (6) elucidating the initial airway inflammatory, remodeling, and repair mechanisms in CF lung disease.
The Information Funnel: Exploiting Named Data for Information-Maximizing Data Collection (2014)

This paper describes the exploitation of hierarchical data names to achieve information-utility maximizing data collection in social sensing applications. We describe a novel transport abstraction, called the information funnel. It encapsulates a data collection protocol for social sensing that maximizes a measure of delivered information utility, that is the minimized data redundancy, by diversifying the data objects to be collected. The abstraction leverages named-data networking, a communication paradigm where data objects are named instead of hosts. We argue that this paradigm is especially suited for utility-maximizing transport in resource constrained environments, because hierarchical data names give rise to a notion of distance between named objects that is a function of only the topology of the name tree. This distance, in turn, can expose similarities between named objects that can be leveraged for minimizing redundancy among objects transmitted over bottlenecks, thereby maximizing their aggregate utility. With a proper hierarchical name space design, our protocol prioritizes transmission of data objects over bottlenecks to maximize information utility, with very weak assumptions on the utility function. This prioritization is achieved merely by comparing data name prefixes, without knowing application-level name semantics, which makes it generalizable across a wide range of applications. Evaluation results show that the information funnel improves the utility of the collected data objects compared to other lossy protocols.
Total syntheses of enantiomerically pure D- and L-glycosyl donors as components of sannamycin-type aminoglycoside antibiotics (1994)

Both enantiomers of purpurosaminides C (ent-7b, 13a–c), of a 2-azido analogue (ent-16b) and of 2-azido epimers (ent-26b, ent-29b), suitably protected for their direct use as glycosyl donors, are prepared from racemic 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde (acrolein dimer, rac-1). The latter has been resolved on a preparative scale through the diastereoisomeric trifluoroacetylated 1′-amines obtained with (1R)- and (1S)-1-phenylethylamine, which allowed the combination of optical resolution with the introduction of the glycosyl 6-amino function.
Effect of a Head-Up Versus Head-Down Digital Speedometer on Visual Sampling Behavior and Speed Control Performance During Daytime Automobile Driving (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;General Motors has recently introduced production automobiles which are capable of presenting information to the driver by way of head-up displays. Although there has been some research reported to compare driver performance with head-up relative to head-down displays in an automotive context, continuing research is warranted. The research reported here provides an on-the-road comparison of automobile drivers' behavior with a head-up versus head-down speedometer during daytime driving.&lt;/div&gt;
Multi‐atlas thalamic nuclei segmentation on standard T1‐weighed MRI with application to normal aging (2022)

Specific thalamic nuclei are implicated in healthy aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, few methods are available for robust automated segmentation of thalamic nuclei. The threefold aims of this study were to validate the use of a modified thalamic nuclei segmentation method on standard T1 MRI data, to apply this method to quantify age-related volume declines, and to test functional meaningfulness by predicting performance on motor testing. A modified version of THalamus Optimized Multi-Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) generated 22 unilateral thalamic nuclei. For validation, we compared nuclear volumes obtained from THOMAS parcellation of white-matter-nulled (WMn) MRI data to T1 MRI data in 45 participants. To examine the effects of age/sex on thalamic nuclear volumes, T1 MRI available from a second data set of 121 men and 117 women, ages 20-86 years, were segmented using THOMAS. To test for functional ramifications, composite regions and constituent nuclei were correlated with Grooved Pegboard test scores. THOMAS on standard T1 data showed significant quantitative agreement with THOMAS from WMn data, especially for larger nuclei. Sex differences revealing larger volumes in men than women were accounted for by adjustment with supratentorial intracranial volume (sICV). Significant sICV-adjusted correlations between age and thalamic nuclear volumes were detected in 20 of the 22 unilateral nuclei and whole thalamus. Composite Posterior and Ventral regions and Ventral Anterior/Pulvinar nuclei correlated selectively with higher scores from the eye-hand coordination task. These results support the use of THOMAS for standard T1-weighted data as adequately robust for thalamic nuclear parcellation.
Dynamic Peer-To-Peer Overlays for Voice Systems (2006)

Different devices, such as mobile phones, soft phones, or desktop phones, have varying processing power, bandwidth, and media capabilities. Heterogeneous P2P voice systems that are built based on a set of capabilities will not be suitable for devices that have different capabilities. In this paper, we present an architecture for P2P voice systems that can dynamically change P2P overlay mechanisms to better suit different device, user, and feature requirements of a P2P voice system. As a first step towards realizing the architecture, we propose a P2P-SIP based architecture that separates out P2P mechanisms from SIP. Our architecture allows dynamic P2P structural changes, limits bloating of the SIP protocol, and lays a foundation for a flexible hierarchical system
Input current-ripple reduction on Pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cell applications operated by zero-current-slope mode (2010)

This paper considers input current-ripple reduction on Pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells applications operated by zero-current-slope mode. For reducing the input current-ripple, series LC circuit has been connected in parallel at the Pulse-link DC-AC converter. The input current-ripple characteristics have two main domains with combination of series LC parameters. The current-ripple level depends on inductance values. Input current-ripple is reduced when the inductor current flown at series LC circuit has zero-slopes in one switching period. At that time, small parameters values can be achieved.