gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation Kinetics and Work Function Tuning of Pd2Si Fully Silicided Metal Gate (2007)

The formation kinetics of Pd2Si for fully silicided (FUSI) gate formation and the work function tuning of a Pd2Si FUSI gate by impurity predoping were investigated. It has been found that the morphology and phase of a formed FUSI layer depend not only on the silicidation annealing temperature but also on the heating ramp-up rate and the presence of impurities. Fast ramp-up annealing was necessary to avoid defect formation, such as voids in the silicide film at the oxide interface, and to obtain a homogeneous silicide film containing only Pd2Si phase. The most severe effect on the silicidation reaction, that is the increase in defect formation, was brought about by As predoping. The work function of the Pd2Si FUSI gate was modulated by impurity pileup at the Pd2Si/SiO2 interface, as in the case of the NiSi FUSI gate. However, the work function shifted in the opposite direction to that of the NiSi FUSI gate for As, P, Sb, and BF2. A wide range of work function shift, comparable to that of the NiSi FUSI gate, has been obtained for a Pd2Si FUSI gate.
Strain-assisted magnetization reversal in Co/Ni multilayers with\n perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2016)

Multifunctional materials composed of ultrathin magnetic films with\nperpendicular magnetic anisotropy combined with ferroelectric substrates\nrepresent a new approach toward low power, fast, high density spintronics. Here\nwe demonstrate Co/Ni multilayered films with tunable saturation magnetization\nand perpendicular anisotropy grown directly on ferroelectric PZT\n[Pb(Zr_xTi_1-x)O_3] substrate plates. Electric fields up to +/- 2 MV/m expand\nthe PZT by 0.1% and generate at least 0.02% in-plane compression in the Co/Ni\nmultilayered film. Modifying the strain with a voltage can reduce the coercive\nfield by over 30%. We also demonstrate that alternating in-plane tensile and\ncompressive strains (less than 0.01%) can be used to propagate magnetic domain\nwalls. This ability to manipulate high anisotropy magnetic thin films could\nprove useful for lowering the switching energy for magnetic elements in future\nvoltage-controlled spintronic devices.\n
Expression of Glypican 3 Is an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Primary Gastro-Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Corresponding Serum Exosomes (2019)

Exosomes are nano-sized membranous vesicles of endosomal origin that carry nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. The cargo of exosomes is cell origin specific and the release of these exosomes and uptake by an acceptor cell is seen as a vital element of cell-cell communication. Here, we sought to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the expression of glypican 3 (<i>GPC3</i>) on primary gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) tissue (<i>tGPC3</i>) and corresponding serum exosomes (<i>eGPC3</i>). Circulating exosomes were extracted from serum samples of 49 patients with GEA and 56 controls. Extracted exosomes were subjected to flow cytometry for the expression of <i>eGPC3</i> and <i>GPC3</i> expression on primary GEA tissue samples was determined by immunohistochemistry and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. We found decreased <i>eGPC3</i> levels in GEA patients compared to healthy controls (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and high <i>tGPC3</i> expression. This was significantly associated with poor overall survival (high vs. low <i>eGPC3</i>: 87.40 vs. 60.93 months, <i>p</i> = 0.041, high vs. low <i>tGPC3</i>: 58.03 vs. 84.70 months, <i>p</i> = 0.044). Cox regressional analysis confirmed <i>tGPC3</i> as an independent prognostic biomarker for GEA (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and <i>tGPC3</i> expression was validated in two independent cohorts. Our findings demonstrate that <i>eGPC3</i> and <i>tGPC3</i> can be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for GEA.
Sustained Viral Response in a Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Chimpanzee via a Combination of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents (2010)

Efforts to develop novel, interferon-sparing therapies for treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection are contingent on the ability of combination therapies consisting of direct antiviral inhibitors to achieve a sustained virologic response. This work demonstrates a proof of concept that coadministration of the nucleoside analogue MK-0608 with the protease inhibitor MK-7009, both of which produced robust viral load declines as monotherapy, to an HCV-infected chimpanzee can achieve a cure of infection.
Genotyping and annotation of Affymetrix SNP arrays (2006)

In this paper we develop a new method for genotyping Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The method is based on (i) using multiple arrays at the same time to determine the genotypes and (ii) a model that relates intensities of individual SNPs to each other. The latter point allows us to annotate SNPs that have poor performance, either because of poor experimental conditions or because for one of the alleles the probes do not behave in a dose-response manner. Generally, our method agrees well with a method developed by Affymetrix. When both methods make a call they agree in 99.25% (using standard settings) of the cases, using a sample of 113 Affymetrix 10k SNP arrays. In the majority of cases where the two methods disagree, our method makes a genotype call, whereas the method by Affymetrix makes a no call, i.e. the genotype of the SNP is not determined. By visualization it is indicated that our method is likely to be correct in majority of these cases. In addition, we demonstrate that our method produces more SNPs that are in concordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium than the method by Affymetrix. Finally, we have validated our method on HapMap data and shown that the performance of our method is comparable to other methods.
Cytoplasmic glycoengineering of Apx toxin fragments in the development of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae glycoconjugate vaccines (2019)

A vaccine candidate that combines toxin fragment with a conserved glycan offers a novel approach to generating epitopes important for both colonisation and disease progression.
Predicting 6-minute walking test outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without physical performance measures (2022)

We propose a powerful two-way assessment tool for COPD patients, capable of predicting 6MWT outcomes without the need for an actual walking exercise. This model-based tool opens the way to implement a continuous monitoring system for COPD patients at home and to provide more personalized care.
The Engines of Our Ingenuity (2000)

Millions of people have listened to John H. Lienhard's radio program "The Engines of Our Ingenuity." In this fascinating book, Lienhard gathers his reflections on the nature of technology, culture, and human inventiveness. The book brims with insightful observations. Lienhard writes that the history of technology is a history of us--we are the machines we create. Thus farming dramatically changed the rhythms of human life and redirected history. War seldom fuels invention--radar, jets, and the digital computer all emerged before World War II began. And the medieval Church was a driving force behind the growth of Western technology--Cistercian monasteries were virtual factories, whose water wheels cut wood, forged iron, and crushed olives. Lienhard illustrates his themes through inventors, mathematicians, and engineers--with stories of the canoe, the DC-3, the Hoover Dam, the diode, and the sewing machine. We gain new insight as to who we are, through the familiar machines and technologies that are central to our lives.
Applicability of the session and the presentation layers for the support of high speed applications (1991)

This report contains a detailed assessment of the session and presentation services and protocols in order to study their suitability to support high speed applications. We thus concentrate on the performance aspects of these standard protocols. The evaluation will be focused on the following topics : the assessment of the session layer, the suitability of some Interface Description Languages, data transparency and transfer syntaxes, the presentation protocol. A special interest is given to the description and evaluation of a light weight transfer syntax called FTLWS (Flat Tree Light Weight Syntax) proposed as an alternative to the ASN.1 Basic Encoding Rules.
Some mechanistic observations on the borohydride mediated reductive cyclisation of tosylhydrazones (2001)

The previously described, highly stereoselective ring-closure of δ-unsaturated tosylhydrazones upon reduction with borohydride may not be a radical process but rather an ene-type concerted transformation of the intermediate monosubstituted diimide.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume IV – gas phase reactions of organic halogen species (2008)

Abstract. This article, the fourth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of organic halogen species, which were last published in 1997, and were updated on the IUPAC website in 2006/07. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and four appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made.
Evaluation of Mast Cell Activation Syndromes: Impact of Pathology and Immunohistology (2012)

Mast cell activation syndromes (MCAS) are clinically defined disease states with a largely unknown morphological background. Since mastocytosis may be associated with MCAS, it is crucial in every patient to document or exclude mastocytosis by appropriate histological, molecular, and serological investigations of tissues/organs that are commonly involved in mastocytosis like skin, mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow. Accordingly, histopathological investigation including immunohistological stains is crucial to reach the final diagnosis in such patients and to classify MCAS into primary MCAS, which can present with or without evidence of overt mastocytosis, or secondary MCAS, where an underlying disease with or without tissue inflammation is detected. Cases without evidence of mastocytosis, monoclonal mast cells, or any underlying disease should be termed idiopathic MCAS. When the activating point mutant KIT D816V is detectable but criteria for diagnosis of mastocytosis are not completely met, a so-called (mono)clonal MCAS as a subvariant of primary MCAS should be diagnosed.
Highly Linear and Reconfigurable Three-Way Amplitude Modulation-Based Mixerless Wireless Transmitter (2017)

A novel transmitter architecture that uses only envelope modulators is proposed. The complex baseband signal is decomposed into components using a three-coordinate decomposition technique. The individual components are translated to RF using three variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), which act as envelope modulators. The outputs of the VGAs are combined to generate the complex modulated RF signal. The proposed architecture does not have any phase modulator circuit and avoids phase noise and bandwidth expansion issues associated with polar topologies. This architecture avoids the use of any mixers or quadrature up-converters for frequency up-conversion. Accordingly, spurs that are associated with mixer circuits are avoided and, hence, no filtering is needed at the RF output of the transmitter. As RF filters are absent, this architecture offers wider RF bandwidth and would improve the design reconfigurability and integration capability. The signal at the output of the amplitude modulation-based transmitter has distortion due to gain and phase nonlinearity in the VGAs. A new memory polynomial-based modeling approach is used to linearize the transmitter. The performance of the implemented transmitter is evaluated using Long Term Evolution (LTE) signals and the measured error vector magnitude (EVM) and the adjacent channel leakage-power ratio (ACLR) are used to assess the signal quality. The measured EVM of the LTE signal of 1.4 MHz bandwidth, improved from 15% to 0.5% using digital predistortion technique, while the obtained ACLR is 54 dBc.
Golden-Free Hardware Trojan Detection Using Self-Referencing (2022)

The globalization of the semiconductor supply chain has developed a new set of challenges for security researchers. Among them, malicious alterations of hardware designs at an untrusted facility, or Trojan insertion, are considered one of the most difficult challenges. While side-channel analysis-based hardware Trojan detection techniques have shown great potential, most solutions, proposed over the past decade, require the availability of golden (i.e., Trojan-free) chips and are susceptible to process variations. Few techniques that do not require a golden chip depend on simulation-based modeling of the side-channel signature, which may not be reliable for differentiating between process and Trojan induced variations. Furthermore, most of these techniques are evaluated either using very few Trojan inserted chips or simulation-based test setup. Spatial and temporal self-referencing-based detection mechanisms proposed earlier effectively eliminate the need for a golden chip and the impact of process variations. However, these techniques have not been adequately studied to achieve high detection sensitivity. In this article, we propose a golden-free multidimensional self-referencing technique that analyzes the side-channel signatures in both the time and frequency domains to significantly broaden the Trojan coverage and strengthen the detection confidence. We introduce a fully automated detection framework containing systematic methodologies for test generation, signature extraction, signal processing, threshold calculation, and metric-based decision-making that effectively enables the synergistic self-referencing approach. Finally, we evaluate the proposed technique through a comprehensive hardware measurement setup consisting of 96 Trojan-inserted test chips. Along with achieving a high detection coverage, we demonstrate that the analysis of spatial and temporal discrepancies in both frequency and time domains helps to reliably detect small hard-to-detect Trojans under process and measurement induced variations.
How I treat immune thrombocytopenia: the choice between splenectomy or a medical therapy as a second-line treatment (2012)

The paradigm for managing primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults has changed with the advent of rituximab and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) as options for second-line therapy. Splenectomy continues to provide the highest cure rate (60%-70% at 5+ years). Nonetheless, splenectomy is invasive, irreversible, associated with postoperative complications, and its outcome is currently unpredictable, leading some physicians and patients toward postponement and use of alternative approaches. An important predicament is the lack of studies comparing second-line options to splenectomy and to each other. Furthermore, some adults will improve spontaneously within 1-2 years. Rituximab has been given to more than 1 million patients worldwide, is generally well tolerated, and its short-term toxicity is acceptable. In adults with ITP, 40% of patients are complete responders at one year and 20% remain responders at 3-5 years. Newer approaches to using rituximab are under study. TPO-RAs induce platelet counts > 50 000/μL in 60%-90% of adults with ITP, are well-tolerated, and show relatively little short-term toxicity. The fraction of TPO-RA-treated patients who will be treatment-free after 12-24 months of therapy is unknown but likely to be low. As each approach has advantages and disadvantages, treatment needs to be individualized, and patient participation in decision-making is paramount.
Impaired energy metabolism as an initial step in the mechanism for 6-aminonicotinamide-induced limb malformation (1980)

The analogue and antagonist of nicotinamide, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), impairs cartilage formation and results in shortening of the limbs when administered to chick embryos. Studies have shown that 6-AN forms an abnormal NAD analogue which inhibits the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes associated with production of ATP. To determine if an effect on ATP synthesis might be associated with the mechanism of teratogenesis in the chick embryo, ATP levels of cartilage from day-8 chick embryos treated in vitro were assayed in relation to biosynthesis of protein, DNA and chondroitin sulfate. Incorporation of 35SO4= was inhibited by 6 h or treatment with 10 microgram/ml of 6-AN, whereas incorporation of [3h]thymidine and [3H]amino acid was not inhibited until 12 h. Incorporation of [3H]glucosamine was increased at all treatment times. A decrease in the level of ATP preceded any detectable inhibition of precursor incorporation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 6-AN inhibits chondroitin sulfate synthesis through a reduction in the level of ATP in chondrocytes.
Key enabling processes for more-than-moore technologies (2012)

The continuation of Moore's law by conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) scaling is becoming more and more challenging, requiring huge capital investments. 3D-IC with through-silicon via (TSV) interconnects provides another path towards “More Than Moore” with relatively smaller capital investment. Recent announcements from leading image sensor and memory manufacturers show that 3D-ICs are finally moving into high-volume manufacturing (HVM) putting “More Than Moore” in reality. Wafer bonding is the enabling process technology to make this happen. Two of the key wafer bonding techniques - low temperature fusion bonding as well as temporary bonding and de-bonding are the major subject of this contribution, introducing basic process flows and working principles for their CMOS integration.
Divergent Synthesis and Real-Time Biological Annotation of Optically Active Tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyranone Derivatives (2016)

Sp<sup>3</sup>-rich compounds are underrepresented in libraries for probe- and drug-discovery, despite their promise of extending the range of accessible molecular shapes beyond planar geometries. With this in mind, a collection of single-enantiomer bicyclic, fused cyclopentenones underpinned by a complexity-generating Pauson-Khand cyclization was synthesized. A fingerprint of biological actions of these compounds was determined immediately after synthesis using real-time annotation-a process relying on multiplexed measurements of alterations in cell morphological features.
Message from the ICST 2016 Chairs (2016)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
Errata: Three-dimensional real-time imaging of cardiac cell motions in living embryos (2008)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract ameliorates inflammatory responses and articular cartilage damage in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats (2017)

Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> (Turcz.) Baill., is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of chronic diseases. Although, Schisandrae Fructus was recently reported to attenuate the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory response in chondrocytes in vitro, its protective and therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA) in an animal model remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) on inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat model. Our results demonstrated that administration with SF had a tendency to attenuate MIA-induced damage of articular cartilage as determined by a histological grade of OA. SF significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in MIA-induced OA rats. SF also effectively inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thereby inhibiting the release of NO and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases-13 and two biomarkers for diagnosis and progression of OA, such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-telopeptide of type II collagen, were markedly ameliorated by SF administration. These findings indicate that SF could be a potential candidate for the treatment of OA.
Gas-phase microresonator-based comb spectroscopy without an external pump laser (2018)

We present a novel approach to realize microresonator-comb-based high resolution spectroscopy that combines a fiber-laser cavity with a microresonator. Although the spectral resolution of a chip-based comb source is typically limited by the free spectral range (FSR) of the microresonator, we overcome this limit by tuning the 200-GHz repetition-rate comb over one FSR via control of an integrated heater. Our dual-cavity scheme allows for self-starting comb generation without the need for conventional pump-cavity detuning while achieving a spectral resolution equal to the comb linewidth. We measure broadband molecular absorption spectra of acetylene by interleaving 800 spectra taken at 250-MHz per spectral step using a 60-GHz-coarse-resolution spectrometer and exploits advances of integrated heater which can locally and rapidly change the refractive index of a microresonator with low electrical consumption (0.9 GHz/mW), which is orders of magnitude lower than a fiber-based comb. This approach offers a path towards a simple, robust and low-power consumption CMOS-compatible platform capable of remote sensing.
Diminished suicidal and aggressive behavior, high plasma norepinephrine levels, and serum triglyceride levels in chronic neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients maintained on clozapine. (1998)

Impulsiveness and aggressiveness may be the most common behavioral correlates of central serotonergic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine whether clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent with a potent serotonergic antagonistic activity, affects impulsiveness and aggression. Its effects on serum lipids, platelet-poor plasma serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) levels were also studied. Thirty neuroleptic-resistant chronic schizophrenic patients, maintained on clozapine for 1 year, were evaluated for aggressiveness, impulsiveness, and suicidality in comparison with 30 chronic schizophrenic patients maintained on classical antipsychotic agents for the same period of time. Clozapine treatment was associated with less impulsiveness (p < 0.05), aggressiveness (p < 0.01) and fewer suicidal attempts (p < 0.05). Serum triglycerides and plasma NE levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively) in the patients treated with clozapine, as compared with patients treated with classical neuroleptic drugs. The authors conclude that long-term clozapine treatment may be effective in controlling aggressive, impulsive, and suicidal behavior in neuroleptic-resistant chronic schizophrenic patients. The elevated plasma NE levels in patients treated with clozapine as compared to those treated with classical neuroleptic drugs may be relevant for the anti-aggressive/antisuicidal activity of clozapine.
Supplementary Data from Rebalancing Protein Homeostasis Enhances Tumor Antigen Presentation (2023)

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