gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Synthesis of (d,l)cis-2-Desmethyl and 2,2-Di-desmethyl Chrysanthemic Acids (1991)

5-Substituted 2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diones proved to be valuable precursors of (d,l) cis-chrysanthemic acid (3-isobutenyl-2,2-dimethyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid) and some of its analogues. The esters derived from the two stereoisomeric 2-desmethyl cis-chrysanthemic acids and 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde cyanohydrin [2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile] have been tested against three species of insects. The cyclopropyl ester with all three substitutents cis to one another was found to be the most active.
Discovery of Potent, Highly Selective, and In Vivo Efficacious, Allosteric MALT1 Inhibitors by Iterative Scaffold Morphing (2020)

MALT1 plays a central role in immune cell activation by transducing NF-κB signaling, and its proteolytic activity represents a key node for therapeutic intervention. Two cycles of scaffold morphing of a high-throughput biochemical screening hit resulted in the discovery of MLT-231, which enabled the successful pharmacological validation of MALT1 allosteric inhibition in preclinical models of humoral immune responses and B-cell lymphomas. Herein, we report the structural activity relationships (SARs) and analysis of the physicochemical properties of a pyrazolopyrimidine-derived compound series. In human T-cells and B-cell lymphoma lines, MLT-231 potently and selectively inhibits the proteolytic activity of MALT1 in NF-κB-dependent assays. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> profiling of MLT-231 support further optimization of this <i>in vivo</i> tool compound toward preclinical characterization.
Antigenic property of pediocin AcH produced by Pediococcus acidilactici H (1990)

Pediocin AcH, a bacteriocin of Pediococcus acidilactici H, inhibits the growth of several food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The antigenic property of partially purified pediocin AcH was tested by immunizing mice and a rabbit. Pediocin AcH was not immunogenic in these animals as determined by immunoblotting even after conjugation to bovine serum albumin. The non-immunogenic nature of pediocin AcH, its non-toxicity to laboratory animals and its hydrolysis by gastric proteolytic enzymes may be considered favourably in its possible use as a food preservative.
<title>Angle-Tree: a new index structure for high-dimensional point data</title> (2001)

Many multi-dimensional index structures, such as R-Tree, R<SUP>*</SUP>-Tree, X-Tree, SS-Tree, VA-File, etc. have been proposed to support similarity search with l<SUB>1</SUB>, l<SUB>2</SUB> or l<SUB>(infinity</SUB> ) distance as similarity measure. But they can not support such similarity search with cosine as the similarity measure. In this paper, an index structure Angle-Tree is introduced to resolve the problem. It first projects all the high dimensional points onto the unit hyper-spherical surface, i.e. normalize each original vector in the database into a unit one. Then an index structure similar to R-Tree is built for those projected points. The experimental results show that the Angle-Tree can decrease the cost of disk I/O and support fast similarity search.
An electromagnetic transient simulation model for voltage sourced converter based HVDC transmission (2004)

Voltage sourced converter based high voltage DC transmission (VSC-HVDC) is an emerging technology for the efficient transfer of energy. Because it uses gate turn-off semiconductor devices, such as GTO or IGBT, the VSC-HVDC option offers several advantages over conventional HVDC transmission. It can operate into very weak AC systems as well as provide auxiliary services such as reactive power support to the AC network, although it currently suffers from higher losses and lower power ratings. As this is an emerging technology, it is important to develop tools and models for the study of VSC-HVDC in various operating conditions. With this in mind, the paper develops an electromagnetic transient simulation model of a 300 MW VSC-HVDC scheme that can be used for investigating its operation. A decoupled control system is developed and the transient performance and fault behavior of the system is studied under different short circuit ratio (SCR) conditions.
Shrinking a Carbon Nanotube (2006)

We report a method to controllably alter the diameter of an individual carbon nanotube. The combination of defect formation via electron irradiation and simultaneous resistive heating and electromigration in vacuum causes the nanotube to continuously transform into a high-quality nanotube of successively smaller diameter, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The process can be halted at any diameter. Electronic transport measurements performed in situ reveal a striking dependence of conductance on nanotube geometry. As the diameter of the nanotube is reduced to near zero into the carbon chain regime, we observe negative differential resistance.
Feasibility of Diagnostic Contrast-enhanced CT for Attenuation Correction of WholeBody PET Images (2007)

Objective: Image fusion has been recognized as a useful technique in diagnostic imaging. We have been evaluating the manual image fusion of PET and contrast-enhanced (CE) CT obtained separately. The CT images can be used for attenuation correction as well as for image fusion; however, the quantitative accuracy of CT-corrected PET images has yet to be assessed. The purpose of this study was to compare the radioactivity concentration between conventional 68Ge-corrected and CECT-corrected PET images. Methods: Twenty patients underwent a whole-body PET scan, followed by a CT scan with intravenous contrast material, after careful positioning using an individually molded vacuum cushion. Two different attenuation-corrected emission data sets were produced, i.e., 68Ge-corrected images and CECT-corrected images. Image registration was performed by maximizing mutual information-based cost function, between the CT and the combination of emission and transmission PET volumes. The CT pixel values in Hounsfield units were transformed into linear attenuation coefficients in cm−1, using a conversion formula for a lookup-table from phantom experiments. Measured activity concentrations from identical regions of interest in representative normal organs and in 25 pathologic foci of uptake were compared. In addition, the quality of the reconstructed images was assessed using the normal mean square error (NMSE). Results: Measured average radioactivity concentrations were 1.38-9.56% higher for CECT-corrected images than for 68Ge-corrected images. Overall, the NMSE value of CECT-corrected images compared with 68Ge-corrected images was 0.02±0.01. Conclusions: The difference in quantitative values between 68Ge-corrected and CECT-corrected PET images was comparable to that of an integrated PET/CT system. Diagnostic CT images with intravenous contrast performed separately before or after a PET scan could be used clinically not only for fusion but also for attenuation correction.
Biclonal B-Cell Lymphoma (1984)

The cells of most tumors are considered to be genetically homogeneous because they are assumed to represent a single clone descended from one abnormal cell. We have discovered three cases of B-cell lymphoma for which this generalization is not true. In each case, the tumor was composed of two subpopulations of cells, each expressing a different immunoglobulin molecule. Antibodies directed against these immunoglobulins were used to separate the two cell subpopulations of each tumor on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. DNA extracted from the original tumor and the two fractionated subpopulations was analyzed to determine the configuration of immunoglobulin genes. Differences were found in the arrangement of DNA in at least one immunoglobulin gene for each of the two subpopulations. Thus, biclonality of these tumors was revealed by examination of both protein markers (cell-surface immunoglobulin) and DNA markers (immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements). Our results indicate that the incidence of biclonal B-cell lymphoma may be higher than previously recognized, possibly as high as 10 per cent of all B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, our findings may have important implications for the diagnosis and therapy of lymphoid cancers.
Preparation and Application of Magnetic Polymer Microspheres in Industrial Waste Water Treatment (2011)

On the basis of summarizing the research efforts of magnetic polymer microspheres in recent years,the preparation of magnetic polymer microspheres and their applied development in industrial waste water are reviewed.The problems at present are pointed out too.
Selective Nucleation-based Epitaxy (SENTAXY): A Novel Approach for Thin Film Formation (1997)

We have proposed a novel approach to form polycrystalline thin films called SENTAXY (Selective Nucleation-based Epitaxy). The location of the crystallites and boundaries with neighbors are generally random in polycrystalline films over amorphous substrates, because the formation of the films is initiated by the spontaneous nucleation of crystallites. The proposed method introduces artificial nucleation sites at which the crystallites nucleate selectively and grow epitaxially. As a result, it becomes possible to predetermine the location of crystallites and their boundaries. The principle of the method has been demonstrated in the chemical-vapor deposition of Si and the solid-state crystallization of amorphous Si films and has also been applied to other systems.
Continuous Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using a Tube-in-Tube Membrane Microreactor (2015)

A Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube microreactor is investigated for the continuous, solvent-free, catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol with oxygen. The semipermeable Teflon AF-2400 tube acts as the interface between the gaseous oxidant and the liquid substrate. Because of the inherent safety of this contacting method, the use of pure oxygen is possible. The semipermeable tube was packed with 1 wt % Au–Pd/TiO2 catalyst particles and placed inside a PTFE tube to provide an annular region which was pressurized with pure oxygen. This design allowed continuous penetration of oxygen through the inner tube during the reaction, resulting in higher oxygen concentration in the catalyst bed and significantly improved conversion compared to a reactor operating with an oxygen presaturated feed. The amount of oxygen available for reaction in the tube-in-tube microreactor was 2 orders of magnitude higher than that in a nonpermeable reactor with oxygen presaturated feed. The semipermeable tube reactor performance in terms of both conversion and selectivity was enhanced by increasing the gas pressure, the catalyst contact time and by dilution of the catalyst. The highest conversion of benzyl alcohol obtained for the range of conditions investigated was 44.1%, with 73.0% selectivity to benzaldehyde, at 120 °C; catalyst contact time, 115 gcat·s/galcohol; and catalyst dilution factor, 4.
Efficient Power Allocation for MIMO CR-NOMA Networks (2021)

Cognitive radio-based non-orthogonal multiple access (CR-NOMA) is considered to be one of the promising multiple accessing technique candidates for 5G and beyond networks. These networks are facing a lot of challenges to achieve high spectral efficiency, low latency, and massive connectivity. Interference management and efficient power allocation are highly interesting among the researchers to investigate in CR-NOMA networks. This paper studies the power allocation of underlay CR-NOMA networks using multi-input multi-outputs (MIMO) techniques to increase the achievements of getting higher spectral efficiency as well as spatial diversity among multiple users to be served. In particular, power allocation based on uniform and adaptive power allocation, and near-optimal for high and low signal to noise ratio are derived. Finally, the simulation results show the superiority of the proposed scheme in achieving higher spectral efficiency, fairness, and average capacity of secondary users compared to the conventional scheme.
Chromium Mediated Organic Synthesis: The Introduction of 1,1-Dimethylallyl and Linalyl Groups on to Arenes (1990)

The synthesis of 1,1-dimethylallyl-substituted benzene-and anisoletricarbonylchromium(0) complexes was achieved in a two- or three-step sequence by the copper catalysed coupling of the lithiated arenetricarbonylchromium(0) complexes with allyl bromide followed by a double benzylic alkylation with potassium tert-butoxide/methyl iodide. For the linalyl substituted complexes the alkylations were sequential homoprenylation and methylation. Alternatively, palladium catalysed cross coupling with 2-bromo-2-butene followed by γ-deprotonation of the 1-aryl-1-propene complexes provided a more direct approach to the anionic intermediates involved.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Combination Epigenetic Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer with 5-Azacitidine and Entinostat: A Phase II National Cancer Institute/Stand Up to Cancer Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cellular tumor purity for biopsies is greater than 70%. Tumor purity from biopsies was analyzed with the Estimate Package from Bioconductor using R language. The majority (85%) of biopsies have an estimated cellular purity of over 70%, with small differences observed between pre and post-tx biopsies. Patient 17 had both 8-week and 6-months post-tx biopsies. Tx: therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Cross-reactive and serotype-specific neutralization epitopes on VP7 of human rotavirus: nucleotide sequence analysis of antigenic mutants selected with monoclonal antibodies (1988)

The neutralization epitopes of human and simian rotavirus protein VP7 were studied by producing six neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (N-MAbs) and using these N-MAbs to select antigenic mutants that resisted neutralization by the N-MAbs used for their selection. Cross-neutralization tests between the N-MAbs and the antibody-selected antigenic mutants identified one cross-reactive and five distinct serotype-specific neutralization epitopes which operationally overlapped one another and constituted a single antigenic site. In addition, the amino acid substitutions in human rotavirus VP7 that are responsible for the antigenic alterations in the mutants selected with anti-VP7 cross-reactive or serotype-specific N-MAbs were identified. All the amino acid substitutions in the antigenic mutants occurred in one of two variable regions: amino acids 87 to 101 and 208 to 221.
Increased localization precision by interference fringe analysis (2015)

We report a novel optical single-emitter-localization methodology that uses the phase induced by path length differences in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to improve localization precision. Using information theory, we demonstrate that the localization capability of a modified Fourier domain signal generated by photon interference enables a more precise localization compared to a standard Gaussian intensity distribution of the corresponding point-spread function. The calculations were verified by numerical simulations and an exemplary experiment, where the centers of metal nanoparticles were localized to a precision of 3 nm.
Content-Centric Networking (CCNx) Semantics (2019)

This document describes the core concepts of the Content Centric
Networking (CCNx) architecture and presents a network protocol based
on two messages: Interests and Content Objects. It specifies the set
of mandatory and optional fields within those messages and describes
their behavior and interpretation. This architecture and protocol
specification is independent of a specific wire encoding. The
protocol also uses a Control message called an InterestReturn, whereby
one system can return an Interest message to the previous hop due to
an error condition. This indicates to the previous hop that the
current system will not respond to the Interest. This document is a
product of the Information Centric Networking research group (ICNRG).
Near-keV coherent X-ray generation with sub-10-fs lasers (1998)

Recent advances in solid-state laser technology and ultrafast optics have led to the generation of optical pulses as short as 5 fs with peak powers up to 0.1 TW from a compact kilohertz-repetition-rate all-solid-state laser. This source significantly pushes the frontiers of nonlinear optics. Intriguing possibilities include the development of a compact laser-driven coherent soft-X-ray source at photon energies near 1 keV, and the generation of autosecond XUV pulses. This paper analyzes strong-field ionization and high-harmonic generation in the few-cycle regime, and reviews the first experimental realization of high-harmonic generation with 5-fs pulses. These experiments have resulted in the emission of coherent X-rays at photon energies greater than 0.5 keV (/spl lambda/<2.5 nm), representing the highest photon energies achieved with a laser-driven coherent source so far. The generated XUV beam is well collimated and predicted to be delivered, after suitable spectral filtering, in a single burst of autosecond duration.
The spreading resistance error in the vertical Kelvin test resistor structure for the specific contact resistivity (1988)

The spreading resistance error in the vertical Kelvin test resistor (VTR) structure is studied based on an analytic approach. It is found that it is always less than the error existing in the horizontal test structures and can be expressed as the product of the sheet resistance and the square of the junction depth of the conductor resistor divided by a factor approximately equal to 2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flat Polymer Heat Spreader With High Aspect Ratio Micro Hybrid Wick Operating Under Adverse Gravity (2011)

We report the successful fabrication and application of a micro-scale hybrid liquid wicking structure in flat polymer-based heat spreaders to improve the heat transfer performance under gravitational acceleration. The hybrid wick consists of 100 μm high, 200 μm wide square electroformed high aspect ratio copper micro-pillars with 31 μm spacing for liquid flow. A woven copper mesh with 51 μm diameter and 76 μm spacing was bonded to the top surface of the pillars to enhance evaporation and condensation heat transfer. The exterior device geometry is 40 mm × 40 mm × 1.0 mm. The 100 μm thick liquid crystal polymer (LCP) casing contains a two-dimensional array of copper filled vias to reduce the overall thermal resistance. The device was tested with heat flux input of up to 63 W/cm2 at horizontal and vertical orientations. The difference in temperature between the evaporator and condenser was measured and compared to a copper reference block of identical exterior dimensions. The experimentally determined thermal resistance of the copper block remained nearly constant at 1.2 K/W. The thermal resistance of the flat polymer heat spreader at horizontal orientation was 0.55 K/W. The same device at −90° adverse orientation resulted in a thermal resistance of 0.60 K/W. These measurements indicate that this hybrid wicking structure is capable of providing a capillary pumping pressure that is effective at transferring at least 63 W/cm2 heat flux regardless of orientation. This work illustrates an important step to developing more effective thermal management strategies for the next generation of heat generating components and the possibility of developing flexible, polymer-based heat spreaders fabricated with standardized printed circuit board technologies.
Immunochemical studies on cultured fibroblasts from patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. (1982)

Fibroblast extracts from 20 individuals with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency were analyzed for the presence of immunoreactive synthase antigen as cross-reacting material (CRM). CRM was quantitated by competitive and direct immunotitration using rabbit antiserum against homogeneous human liver synthase. The lower limit of sensitivity for detection of CRM was 1.5% of the amount of synthase antigen in control extracts. Each of 14 mutant extracts with detectable synthase activity had detectable CRM ranging from 5% to 100% of the amount found in control extracts. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the percent residual activity and the percent CRM. Of six mutant extracts without measurable catalytic activity, three had no detectable CRM, while three had 13%, 17%, and 26% CRM, respectively. These results extend our information about the biochemical heterogeneity previously found in synthase deficiency, and emphasize that such deficiency is caused by a wide array of mutations affecting the structural locus for cystathionine beta-synthase.
Super resolution projection: leveraging the MEMS speed to double or quadruple the resolution (2019)

Texas Instruments’ digital mirror device (DMD) uses thousands to millions of individual micromirrors to direct light as a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). The Tilt-Roll-Pixel (TRP) is currently the smallest DLP Products pixel node at 5.4&mu;m pitch. The small micromirror size, which enables fast switching speed, and precise tilt angles, exploits this speed on a system level to double or quadruple the resolution by using super-resolution projection. Super-resolution projection overlays multiple sub-sampled images, each shifted on the screen by a fraction of a pixel, and as long as the shifting occurs at a rate faster than the critical flicker fusion threshold, the human visual system will act as a temporal low pass filter and naturally integrate all low-resolution SLM images into a single super-resolution result. This paper will discuss the operation of the TRP node, how this node can be operated more quickly, how super-resolution projection works, and how we modified the optical architecture to leverage the switching speed for super-resolution projection.
[1,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Ketene Silyl Acetals Derived from Benzyl α‐Substituted Propanoates. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ordered Films for Solar Cells: Structural Order in Bulk Heterojunction Films Prepared with Solvent Additives (Adv. Mater. 20/2011) (2011)

Solvent additives are shown to drastically affect internal ordering of the polymeric component of bulk heterojunction solar cells. Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering measurements reveal that additives affect polymeric crystallite type, perfection, orientation, and population within the film. Gui Bazan, Ed Kramer, and co-workers demonstrate on p. 2284 that improvements in device performance that result from additive processing are well correlated with increases in the population of crystallites within the film of the type capable of π–π stacking.
Supplementary fig 4 from A Modified Nucleoside 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine Exhibits Antitumor Activity in Gliomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. (A-D) The heatmap of significantly expressed gene in M059K, H4, D2224MG and DBTRG-05MG cells treated with or without THIO for 72 hours. |Log2 FC|&gt;2.5 and p&lt;0.05 were chosen as the cut-off value. (E-H) fGSEA table of top 20 up-regulated pathways in M059K and H4 cells treated with or without THIO for 72 hours.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanical property changes in porous low-k dielectric thin films during processing (2014)

The design of future generations of Cu-low-k dielectric interconnects with reduced electronic crosstalk often requires engineering materials with an optimal trade off between their dielectric constant and elastic modulus. This is because the benefits associated with the reduction of the dielectric constant by increasing the porosity of materials, for example, can adversely affect their mechanical integrity during processing. By using load-dependent contact-resonance atomic force microscopy, the changes in the elastic modulus of low-k dielectric materials due to processing were accurately measured. These changes were linked to alterations sustained by the structure of low-k dielectric films during processing. A two-phase model was used for quantitative assessments of the elastic modulus changes undergone by the organosilicate skeleton of the structure of porous and pore-filled dielectrics.