gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (PLMTUD) For UDP Transports Using Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) (2020)

The datagram exchanged between two Internet endpoints have to go
through a series of physical and virtual links that may have different
limits on the upper size of the datagram they can transmit without
fragmentation. Because fragmentation is considered harmful, most
transports and protocols are designed with a mechanism that permits
dynamic measurement of the maximum size of a datagram. This mechanism
is called Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (PLPMTUD). But the
UDP transport and some of the protocols that use UDP were designed
without that feature. The Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)
Usage described in this document permits retrofitting an existing UDP-
based protocol with such a feature. Similarly, a new UDP-based
protocol could simply reuse the mechanism described in this document.
Supercritical solvothermal synthesis of advanced nanostructured materials (2018)

Invited talk
Collisions in outer space produced an icosahedral phase in the Khatyrka meteorite never observed previously in the laboratory (2016)

We report the first occurrence of an icosahedral quasicrystal with composition Al<sub>62.0(8)</sub>Cu<sub>31.2(8)</sub>Fe<sub>6.8(4)</sub>, outside the measured equilibrium stability field at standard pressure of the previously reported Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal (Al<sub>x</sub>Cu<sub>y</sub>Fe<sub>z</sub>, with x between 61 and 64, y between 24 and 26, z between 12 and 13%). The new icosahedral mineral formed naturally and was discovered in the Khatyrka meteorite, a recently described CV3 carbonaceous chondrite that experienced shock metamorphism, local melting (with conditions exceeding 5 GPa and 1,200 °C in some locations), and rapid cooling, all of which likely resulted from impact-induced shock in space. This is the first example of a quasicrystal composition discovered in nature prior to being synthesized in the laboratory. The new composition was found in a grain that has a separate metal assemblage containing icosahedrite (Al<sub>63</sub>Cu<sub>24</sub>Fe<sub>13</sub>), currently the only other known naturally occurring mineral with icosahedral symmetry (though the latter composition had already been observed in the laboratory prior to its discovery in nature). The chemistry of both the icosahedral phases was characterized by electron microprobe, and the rotational symmetry was confirmed by means of electron backscatter diffraction.
Atomic data abstractions in a distributed collaborative editing system (1986)

This paper describes our experience implementing CES, a distributed Collaborative Editing System written in Argus, a language that includes facilities for managing long-lived distributed data. Argus provides <i>atomic actions,</i> which simplify the handling of concurrency and failures, and mechanisms for implementing <i>atomic data types,</i> which ensure serializability and recoverability of actions that use them. This paper focuses on the support for atomicity in Argus, especially the support for building new atomic types. Overall the mechanisms in Argus made it relatively easy to build CES; however, we encountered interesting problems in several areas. For example, much of the processing of an atomic action in Argus is handled automatically by the run-time system; several examples are presented that illustrate areas where more explicit control in the implementations of atomic types would be useful.
Reply to the Comment on “Zeolite-Modified Electrodes:  Intra- versus Extrazeolite Electron Transfer” (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTReply to the Comment on “Zeolite-Modified Electrodes: Intra- versus Extrazeolite Electron Transfer”Debra R. Rolison, Carol A. Bessel, Mark D. Baker, Chandana Senaratne, and J. ZhangView Author Information Surface Chemistry Branch, Code 6170, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085 Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, CanadaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 20, 8610–8611Publication Date (Web):May 16, 1996Publication History Received1 February 1996Published online16 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9607226Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (84 KB) SUBJECTS:Anode materials,Carbon,Charge transfer,Electrodes,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Heap analysis in the presence of collection libraries (2007)

Memory analysis techniques have become sophisticated enough to model, with a high degree of accuracy, the manipulation of simple memory structures (finite structures, single/double linked lists and trees). However, modern programming languages provide extensive library support including a wide range of generic collection objects that make use of complex internal data structures. While these data structures ensure that the collections are efficient, often these representations cannot be effectively modeled by existing methods (either due to excessive analysis runtime or due to the inability to represent the required information). This paper presents a method to represent collections using an abstraction of their semantics. The construction of the abstract semantics for the collection objects is done in a manner that allows individual elements in the collections to be identified. Our construction also supports iterators over the collections and is able to model the position of the iterators with respect to the elements in the collection. By ordering the contents of the collection based on the iterator position, the model can represent a notion of progress when iteratively manipulating the contents of a collection. These features allow strong updates to the individual elements in the collection as well as strong updates over the collections themselves.
1204 Investigation of design indices for suitable stiffness of ankle-foot orthosis (2005)

A purpose of this study is to obtain design indices for stiffness of Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) by measuring ankle joint functions of a hemiplegic patient in order to manufacture and prescribe a more suitable AFO for each of hemiplegic patients. The ankle joint functions of 17 hemiplegic patients and stiffness characteristics of their each AFO are measured and correlations between ankle joint functions and stiffness characteristics of AFO are examined. Then, it is found that planter stiffness of AFO has correlations with passive resistive moment of ankle joints in an ankle-neutral and a knee-extended posture and with passive dorsal stiffness of ankle joint in a knee-flexed posture, respectively. Furthermore, in order to examine meanings of these correlations, analyses for gait of a hemiplegic patient with two different AFOs are performed. Results suggest that these two indices for passive properties of ankle joint are possibly valid for estimating stiffness of AFO suitable for each of hemilplegic patients.
Test-retest reliability of binaural simultaneous cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential recording (2015)

Results implicate that bSIM cVEMP not only saves time, but it also has an advantage of a more reliable test-retest outcome.
Conversion of xylose to ethanol by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing genes for xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from Pichia stipitis (2000)

A recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transformed with the genes encoding xylose reductase (XYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2) originated from Pichia stipitis CBS 5776, was developed to directly convert xylose to ethanol. A fed-batch fermentation with the recombinant yeast produced 8.7 g ethanol/l with a yield of 0.13 g ethanol/g xylose consumed.
Low Warpage Wafer Level Transfer Molding Post 3D Die to Wafer Assembly (2016)

In the broad-spectrum of 3D system integration technologies, stacking of die at wafer level is considered a promising and cost effective platform solution for 3D device and 2.5D interposer assembly. The 3D die-to-wafer (D2W) approach consists of a sequence of processes: D2W stacking, wafer-level die encapsulation ("wafer reconstruction") using e.g. wafer-level molding, Wafer thinning, Through Silicon Via (TSV) reveal and backside passivation, and finally the addition of a redistribution layer (RDL) and bumping or wafer level solder ball attach. The area explored in this paper is the 300mm wafer molding after D2W attachment. A major concern with this approach is the typically large wafer warpage after wafer level molding. This makes post-processing of the reconstructed wafers difficult with standard semiconductor equipment. Typical warpage after wafer molding of 775µm thick silicon combined with equal thickness of 775µm moldcap is around 8 mm. This is due to the large mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the materials. As a result of this large warpage, bonding the reconstructed wafer to a special carrier substrate is required to further process the wafers. This requires additional bonding and debonding equipment as well as several additional processing steps with low added value. In this paper, we will describe two different options to reduce the wafer warpage post molding. The first option is the transfer molding with exposed die. Exposed die molding reduces the amount of mold material as there is no mold compound on top of the die. It will be shown this can effectively reduce the substrate warpage to less than 1.5mm for 300mm diameter wafers. The exposed die configuration can also be used in high power application since heat sinks can be directly attached to the die backside. The second option is the transfer molding of the D2W stack together with an additional balancing wafer. The mold material is injected in a cavity formed by the stacking of the D2W and the balancing wafer. After molding, the resulting wafer warpage of the composite "D2W/W" stack is well below 200µm, compatible with semiconductor process equipment. Also important to note is the temperature independence of the warpage of this balanced stack construction. As in this approach, we can realize a direct contact between the stacked die and the balancing wafer, the balancing wafer will also act as a package-sized heat spreader. In this paper, the feasibility of Wafer Level Packaging using the transfer molding method of D2W assemblies will be demonstrated for thin mold cap, exposed die and balancing wafer approaches. The obtained experimental results are used to validate a theoretical model for predicting wafer warpage post wafer molding.
Deep Docking: A Deep Learning Platform for Augmentation of Structure Based Drug Discovery (2020)

Drug discovery is a rigorous process that requires billion dollars of investments and decades of research to bring a molecule "from bench to a bedside". While virtual docking can significantly accelerate the process of drug discovery, it ultimately lags the current rate of expansion of chemical databases that already exceed billions of molecular records. This recent surge of small molecules availability presents great drug discovery opportunities, but also demands much faster screening protocols. In order to address this challenge, we herein introduce Deep Docking (<i>DD</i>), a novel deep learning platform that is suitable for docking billions of molecular structures in a rapid, yet accurate fashion. The <i>DD</i> approach utilizes quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) deep models trained on docking scores of subsets of a chemical library to approximate the docking outcome for yet unprocessed entries and, therefore, to remove unfavorable molecules in an iterative manner. The use of <i>DD</i> methodology in conjunction with the FRED docking program allowed rapid and accurate calculation of docking scores for 1.36 billion molecules from the ZINC15 library against 12 prominent target proteins and demonstrated up to 100-fold data reduction and 6000-fold enrichment of high scoring molecules (without notable loss of favorably docked entities). The <i>DD</i> protocol can readily be used in conjunction with any docking program and was made publicly available.
Adjustment uncertainty in effect estimation (2008)

Often there is substantial uncertainty in the selection of confounders when estimating the association between an exposure and health. We define this type of uncertainty as `adjustment uncertainty'. We propose a general statistical framework for handling adjustment uncertainty in exposure effect estimation for a large number of confounders, we describe a specific implementation, and we develop associated visualization tools. Theoretical results and simulation studies show that the proposed method provides consistent estimators of the exposure effect and its variance. We also show that, when the goal is to estimate an exposure effect accounting for adjustment uncertainty, Bayesian model averaging with posterior model probabilities approximated using information criteria can fail to estimate the exposure effect and can over- or underestimate its variance. We compare our approach to Bayesian model averaging using time series data on levels of fine particulate matter and mortality. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Modification of Streptococcus mutans Cnm by PgfS Contributes to Adhesion, Endothelial Cell Invasion, and Virulence (2014)

Expression of the surface protein Cnm has been directly implicated in the ability of certain strains of Streptococcus mutans to bind to collagen and to invade human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and in the killing of Galleria mellonella. Sequencing analysis of Cnm(+) strains revealed that cnm is located between the core genes SMU.2067 and SMU.2069. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis showed that cnm is cotranscribed with SMU.2067, encoding a putative glycosyltransferase referred to here as PgfS (protein glycosyltransferase of streptococci). Notably, Cnm contains a threonine-rich domain predicted to undergo O-linked glycosylation. The previously shown abnormal migration pattern of Cnm, the presence of the threonine-rich domain, and the molecular linkage of cnm with pgfS lead us to hypothesize that PgfS modifies Cnm. A ΔpgfS strain showed defects in several traits associated with Cnm expression, including collagen binding, HCAEC invasion, and killing of G. mellonella. Western blot analysis revealed that Cnm from the ΔpgfS mutant migrated at a lower molecular weight than that from the parent strain. In addition, Cnm produced by ΔpgfS was highly susceptible to proteinase K degradation, in contrast to the high-molecular-weight Cnm version found in the parent strain. Lectin-binding analyses confirmed the glycosylated nature of Cnm and strongly suggested the presence of N-acetylglucosamine residues attached to Cnm. Based on these findings, the phenotypes observed in ΔpgfS are most likely associated with defects in Cnm glycosylation that affects protein function, stability, or both. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Cnm is a glycoprotein and that posttranslational modification mediated by PgfS contributes to the virulence-associated phenotypes linked to Cnm.
A Suboptimal Reference Generation Technique for Robotic Manipulators Following Specified Paths (1992)

The optimal reference generation problem deals with finding a tracking velocity versus time profile which will move the end effector of a multiple degree of freedom robotic manipulator through a general spatial curve in minimum time subject to hard actuator torque limits. While reference generation techniques exist which solve this problem, they are typically computationally intensive, limiting their usefulness in practical situations. In this technical brief, a modification is made to the formulation of the optimal reference generation problem, resulting in a slightly suboptimal solution which is numerically simpler than optimal methods. The method is applied to a computer simulation of a two link SCARA type manipulator following a circular path in joint space. Performance comparisons are made with an optimized constant velocity profile as with the true optimal solution.
Automorphic orbits in free groups (2002)

Let $F_n$ be the free group of a finite rank $n$. We study orbits $Orb_ϕ(u)$, where $u$ is an element of the group $F_n$, under the action of an automorphism $ϕ$. If an orbit like that is finite, we determine precisely what its cardinality can be if $u$ runs through the whole group $F_n$, and $ϕ$ runs through the whole group $Aut(F_n)$. Another problem that we address here is related to Whitehead's algorithm that determines whether or not a given element of a free group of finite rank is an automorphic image of another given element. It is known that the first part of this algorithm (reducing a given free word to a free word of minimum possible length by elementary Whitehead automorphisms) is fast (of quadratic time with respect to the length of the word). On the other hand, the second part of the algorithm (applied to two words of the same minimum length) was always considered very slow. We give here an improved algorithm for the second part, and we believe this algorithm always terminates in polynomial time with respect to the length of the words. We prove that this is indeed the case if the free group has rank 2.
UbiWall as a reconfigurable ecosystem of smart blocks (2011)

Convergence between construction and Information Technology (IT) can facilitate network-enabled building materials that can be used to manifest a built-in digital ecosystem capable of coping with various environmental changes. It is difficult, however, to mix IT components into a building material. Therefore, this research first proposes a network-enabled smart block equipped with various sensing, cognition and actuation capabilities that would cope with various environmental and user requirement changes in addition to maintaining high durability and easy assembly and reconfiguration. Based on the precedent research on Smart Architectural Surface, the developed blocks can also perceive dynamic environmental status and propagates sensed information to the neighboring blocks. Using ecosystem of such smart blocks, we tried to establish UbiWall system which can satisfy diverse interactive multimedia services such as sensor enabled interactive tiled display wall, multi-modal and multifunctional interaction system and autonomous services either localized or globalized depending on the users' interactions with the smart blocks. Ultimately, the developed system can be evolved onto a digital ecosystem which could accommodate a variety of services by strongly coupling a value chain between smart blocks and the users.
A flexible and distributed architecture for adaptive end-to-end QoS provisioning in next-generation networks (2005)

A novel distributed end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning architecture based on the concept of decoupling the end-to-end QoS provisioning from the service provisioning at routers in the differentiated service (DiffServ) network is proposed. The main objective of this architecture is to enhance the QoS granularity and flexibility offered in the DiffServ network model and improve both the network resource utilization and user benefits. The proposed architecture consists of a new endpoint admission control referred to as explicit endpoint admission control at the user side, the service vector which allows a data flow to choose different services at different routers along its data path, and a packet marking architecture and algorithm at the router side. The achievable performance of the proposed approach is studied, and the corresponding results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can have better service differentiation capability and lower request dropping probability than the integrated service over DiffServ schemes. Furthermore, it is shown that it preserves a friendly networking environment for conventional transmission control protocol flows and maintains the simplicity feature of the DiffServ network model.
Soluble programmed death ligand‐1‐induced immunosuppressive effects on chimeric antigen receptor‐natural killer cells targeting Glypican‐3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2023)

Although the pre-clinical study of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-natural killer (NK) cell was effective against various tumours, immunosuppression mediated by tumour microenvironment hampers their application and several efforts have been explored to improve their effect in combating solid tumours. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a promising target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and CAR-T cells targeting GPC3 have been tested in clinical trials. Based on an affinity-enhanced antibody (hYP7) targeting GPC3, we constructed GPC3-CAR-NK cells to explore their potential function in the treatment of HCC. We found that patients with HCC secreted high levels of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1), which inhibits the function of CAR-NK cells targeting GPC3. In addition, we combined high-affinity sPD-L1 variant (L3C7c-Fc) with GPC3-CAR-NK cells to solve the problem of GPC3-CAR-NK inhibition. Our studies demonstrated that L3C7c-Fc could enhance the therapeutic effect of CAR-NK cells by reversing the suppression of sPD-L1, which provides the experimental evidence for the subsequent development of HCC immunotherapy strategies.
Absorption of n-type Ge, Si quantum wells for normal incident radiation (1995)

The theory of electron intersubband infrared absorptions for n-type Si/GeSi and Ge/GeSi quantum wells in the waveguide structure is presented in order to compare with recently obtained experimental results. The absorption coefficient as a function of the polarization angle of incident light has been investigated by considering the degeneracies and the occupancies of the different valleys for conduction band.
Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water (2008)

Since the discovery of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water in the 1970s and with increasing understanding about their occurrence and health effects, the control of DBP formation has become one of the major issues for the drinking water industry. A significant amount of research has been conducted on trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), the two regulated (in the United States [U.S.]) and largest classes of DBPs (on a weight basis). In addition to other measured DBPs, the sum of known DBPs has accounted for 30 to 60% of the total organic halogen (TOX) detected during chlorination, which is the oldest and the most commonly used disinfection technique in water treatment around the world. As a result, the formation and control of THMs and HAAs and other DBPs have been widely researched and discussed in the literature (1-4). However, recent research has shown that there are many emerging DBPs
Complex Design of Metasurfaces (2021)

We present an inverse design framework for metasurfaces, that finds optimal design parameters by balancing constraints from arbitrary scalar-and-differentiable functions of the vector field, which are evaluated at any set of points in the far-field.