gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ High Temperature SERS Study of Oxygen Adsorbed on Ag: Support and Electrochemical Promotion Effects (1993)

Abstract In situ surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of adsorbed oxygen were obtained during oxygen adsorption and ethylene epoxidation on Ag catalyst surfaces at temperatures between 25 and 400 °C and atmospheric total pressure. Three types of Ag catalysts were investigated: (I) Ag supported on a ‐Al 2 O 3 , (II) Ag films deposited on quartz and (III) Ag films deposited on the O 2‐ conducting solid electrolyte Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ). In the last case the effect of the application of external voltages (‐2 V to +2 V) on the SERS was also examined “in situ” in order to investigate the effect of Non‐Faradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalytic Activity (NEMCA). Bands at 240, 345, 815, 870, 980 and 1630 cm −1 were observed for the oxygen‐Ag/YSZ system. The 815 and 980 cm −1 bands were also observed for the Ag/quartz and Ag/ a ‐Al 2 O 3 samples. The intense band at 815 cm −1 , assigned to the O‐O stretching vibration of a molecularly adsorbed oxygen species, exhibited an isotope shift of 20 cm −1 upon replacing 16 O 2 with 18 O 2 . This band is present during ethylene epoxidation at temperatures up to 350 °C and its relative Raman intensity decreases with decreasing O 2 to C 2 H 4 ratio. The excitation profile of the 815 cm −1 band and the existence of the overtone at 1630 cm −1 indicate that preresonance Raman enhancement is also responsible for the high intensity spectra obtained. In the case of Ag/YSZ it was found that increasing catalyst potential strengthens the O‐O bond and increases the band intensity, while decreasing catalyst potential causes a decrease in bond strength and band intensity. These observations can be accounted for within the framework of previous NEMCA studies. However the change in relative band intensity can also be due to the effect of applied voltage and changing Fermi level and work function on the enhancing mechanism of SERS.
NMR Biochemical Assay for Oxidosqualene Cyclase: Evaluation of Inhibitor Activities on Trypanosoma cruzi and Human Enzymes (2018)

Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), a membrane-associated protein, is a key enzyme of sterol biosynthesis. Here we report a novel assay for OSC, involving reaction in aqueous solution, NMR quantification in organic solvent, and factor analysis of spectra. We evaluated one known and three novel inhibitors on OSC of Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite causative of Chagas disease, and compared their effects on human OSC for selectivity. Among them, one novel inhibitor showed a significant parasiticidal activity.
Total Organ Replacement Using Tissue Engineering (2007)

BACKGROUND: Human organ replacement is limited by a donor shortage, problems with tissue compatibility, and rejection. Creation of an organ with autologous tissue would be advantageous. PURPOSE: Total bladder replacement with a tissue engineered neo‐organ in an animal model. METHODS: In this study, transplantable urinary bladder neo‐organs were reproducibly created in vitro from urothelial and smooth muscle cells grown in culture from canine native bladder biopsies and seeded onto preformed bladder‐shaped polymers. The native bladders were subsequently excised from canine donors and replaced with the tissue‐engineered neo‐organs. RESULTS: In functional evaluations for up to 11 months, the bladder neo‐organs demonstrated a normal capacity to retain urine, normal elastic properties, and histologic architecture. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates, for the first time, that successful reconstitution of an autonomous hollow organ is possible using tissue‐engineering methods.
Nature-based optimization of 2d negative-index metamaterials (2007)

This paper applies two nature-based optimization techniques - the genetic algorithm (GA) in the work of Haupt and Haupt (2004) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the work of Kennedy and Eberhart (2001) - to the design of a two-dimensional IR-visible metamaterial using realistic bulk silver parameters by maximizing a properly-defined figure of merit.
Safety, Reactogenicity, Immunogenicity, and Dose Selection of 10-Valent Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Bioconjugate Vaccine (VAC52416) in Adults Aged 60–85 Years in a Randomized, Multicenter, Interventional, First-in-Human, Phase 1/2a Study (2023)

ExPEC10V was well tolerated and immunogenic in elderly adults against all but serotype O8.
3D Printed Polymer Photonic Topological Insulators and their Robustness to Fabrication Disorder (2022)

Photonic topological insulators have emerged as an exciting new platform for backscatter-free waveguiding even in the presence of defects, with applications in robust long-range energy and quantum information transfer, spectroscopy and sensing, chiral quantum optics, and optoelectronics. We demonstrate a design for spin-Hall photonic topological insulators with remarkably low refractive index contrast, enabling the synthesis of photonic topological waveguides from polymeric materials for the first time. Our design is compatible with additive manufacturing methods, including fused filament fabrication for microwave frequencies, and constitutes the first demonstration of a 3D printed all-dielectric photonic topological insulator. We combine rapid device fabrication through 3D printing with high-speed FDTD simulation to quantify topological protection of transmission through “omega” shaped bent topological waveguides and find that one corner in the waveguide is 3-5 times more robust to disorder than the other. This dichotomy, a new empirical design rule for ℤ2 topological insulator devices, is shown to originate in the fundamental system symmetries and is illustrated via the distributions of Poynting vectors that describe energy flow through the waveguide. Taken together, our demonstration of 3D printed polymeric spin-Hall photonic topological insulators paired with quantification of robustness to disorder at bent topological interfaces provides a rapid, flexible scheme for engineering high-performance topological photonic devices across multiple frequency regimes from microwave to THz, to visible.
Phase Rotation Approach With Mixed-Numerology Architecture for PAPR Reduction in 5G and Beyond (2023)

For a wide range of service requirements, the 5G-NR offers significant flexibility based on OFDM with numerous numerologies. However, OFDM is recognized to have a significant disadvantage due to a high PAPR. On the other hand, the PAPR reduction for mixed-numerology OFDM has received little attention compared to single-numerology OFDM, despite there being possible challenges and advantages such as computational complexity and new structure opportunity, respectively. In this paper, the phase rotation PAPR reduction approach on mixed-numerology OFDM is proposed for the first time. Unlike the single-numerology approach, the need for additional IFFT and side information overhead is eliminated, and the mixed-numerology transmitter structure is exploited to provide three novel approaches, namely proposed numerology-based (Proposed-NB), proposed symbol-based (Proposed-SB), and proposed location-based (Proposed-LB). Proposed-NB has the same PAPR performance with a lower complexity compared to the partial transmit sequence (PTS) method for single-numerology OFDM. Moreover, the new ability to use multiple phase factors for the same numerology symbols in the defined largest symbol length enhances the PAPR reduction performance further using Proposed-SB. While all symbols are jointly optimized in the Proposed-SB, Proposed-LB drives a sub-optimal solution developed by optimizing the selected symbols. Due where the presence of different symbols duration between numerologies and also consecutive symbols in the same numerology, PAPR reduction performance in Proposed-LB almost reaches the optimum Proposed-SB performances with a lower computational complexity compared to Proposed-SB. The conducted numerical results validate the superiority of the proposed methods for 5G and beyond compared to PTS and numerology scheduling methods.
Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by glycyrrhizin in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice (1999)

Glycyrrhizin (GL) is widely used in Japan as a therapeutic agent for chronic active liver diseases. However, its action on hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. To clarify its effect, mice treated with diethylnitrosamine (NDEA) with or without GL were analyzed. Five-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups, GL (n=50) and C (n=47). Mice in the GL group intramuscularly received 2 mg of GL 3 days a week, and mice in the C group received the same volume of saline in the same way. After 2 weeks, the mice were treated with an i.p. injection of 75 mg/kg body wt of NDEA weekly for 3 weeks and 100 mg/kg body wt of NDEA weekly for the following 3 weeks. Thirty additional mice that did not receive NDEA treatment were divided into two groups, GC (n=15) and SC (n=15). They received GL or saline, respectively. Mice in the 4 groups were killed every 5 weeks after the last injection of NDEA from 7 weeks to 32 weeks. Liver function tests such as AST and albumin were significantly improved in the GL group compared with the C group (P < 0.05, each). Although liver nodules appeared in the C group at 22 weeks, they were not observed until 32 weeks in the GL group. At 32 weeks, the mean number of liver tumors, composed of adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the GL group was 0.71, which was significantly decreased compared with 1.64 of the C group (P < 0.05). The mean number of HCC in the GL group was 0.29/liver, which was lower than 0.82/liver in the C group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of HCC at 32 weeks was 64% in the C group and 21% in the GL group (P < 0.05, C versus GL group). Our results suggest that GL treatment inhibits the occurrence of HCC.
Pre-Crash Application for Multiple Target Situations (2006)

In this paper a system model for an extended crash area is developed, which takes the maximum possible maneuvers and a reaction time of the driver into account simultaneously. The driver reaction time includes the current state of the steering wheel and the time needed to change from the throttle to the braking pedal. Advanced detection of crashes gives the opportunity to improve safety and to reduce serious consequences of the passengers. With decreasing driver reaction time the safety gain based on actuators can be improved. This concept finally offers a crash detection with an extended reaction time for the actuator.
Asymptotic Throughput in Wireless Multicast OFDM Systems (2008)

With the proliferation of wireless multimedia applications, multicast/broadcast has been recognized as an efficient technique to transmit a large volume of data to multiple mobile stations at the same time. In most multicast systems, the transmitter (e.g., base station) adapts its data rate to the worst channel among all users in the multicast group, so as to guarantee service quality to each user. Predictably, the more users in a multicast group, the lower data rate the base station can transmit. On the other hand, grouping more users together leads to a more efficient utilization of spectrum bandwidth, as these users are served simultaneously. A natural question that arises is how to group users to maximize the throughput of multicast systems, given a fixed amount of bandwidth resource. In this paper, we attempt to answer this important question that has not been addressed before. Through theoretical analysis, we prove that (1) the average throughput increases with the number of users in a multicast group, when the number of subcarriers allocated to a group is proportional to the number of users therein. Moreover, the throughput approaches infinite-bandwidth Gaussian channel capacity when the number of users gets large; (2) the number of users, and hence the number of subcarriers, that is needed for throughput to be arbitrarily close to its asymptotic value increases almost linearly with the transmit SNR. Our analysis is validated through simulations.
Integrated decision-aid system for the choice of surface treatments (1998)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A 4GS/s 8-bit SAR ADC with an Energy-Efficient Time-Interleaved Architecture in 130nm CMOS (2020)

The design, implementation and characterization of an 8-bit, 4 GS/s, time-interleaved (TI) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a non-buffered hierarchical demultiplexing sampling architecture are presented in this work. The core of the ADC is composed of an arrangement of 32 asynchronous SAR ADCs ranked in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4\times 8$</tex> hierarchy. The proposed fully dynamic SAR ADC features a noise-configurable comparator, configurable asynchronous clock and background DC offset calibration. The non-buffered input signal circuit includes an input matching network for tracking bandwidth enhancement. The design also has a programmable delay cell to adjust the clock sampling phases mismatch, and a 32 Gb/s low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface. The prototype is fabricated in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.13 \mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> CMOS process. The TI-ADC achieves 7.09 bit of peak ENOB, 1.3 GHz input bandwidth and 93 mW of power consumption at 1.2 V.
Improvement of Straight-line Movement of Personal Vehicle on Water Using Yaw-rate Feedback (2018)

We previously developed a personal water vehicle that we refer to as Multidirectional INtuitive Aquatic MObility (MINAMO). MINAMO is propelled by four thrusters that are fixed to its bottom, and can move in multiple directions. However, due to differences in thruster characteristics, MINAMO does not move perfectly straight in the intended direction. In the present paper, in order to improve the straight-line movement of MI-NAMO, we propose the application of yaw-rate feedback control. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated experimentally.
Transient and steady state simulations of internal temperature profiles in high-power semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive switches (2001)

Simulations have been performed to determine the internal temperature profiles of high-power GaAs photoconductive switches in the presence of a current filament. No thermal instability is predicted below a power generation density level of about 1.3×1014 W/m3. This prediction is in keeping with recent experimental data on photoconductive semiconductor switch devices. It is shown that this power dissipation density threshold for stability exists under both dc and transient conditions. A simple model provides qualitative support for the power density threshold, and an explanation of the filamentary current radii that have been observed experimentally.
LayerDoc: Layer-wise Extraction of Spatial Hierarchical Structure in Visually-Rich Documents (2023)

Digital documents often contain images and scanned text. Parsing such visually-rich documents is a core task for work-flow automation, but it remains challenging since most documents do not encode explicit layout information, e.g., how characters and words are grouped into boxes and ordered into larger semantic entities. Current state-of-the-art layout extraction methods are challenged by such documents as they rely on word sequences to have correct reading order and do not exploit their hierarchical structure. We propose LayerDoc, an approach that uses visual features, textual semantics, and spatial coordinates along with constraint inference to extract the hierarchical layout structure of documents in a bottom-up layer-wise fashion. LayerDoc recursively groups smaller regions into larger semantic elements in 2D to infer complex nested hierarchies. Experiments show that our approach outperforms competitive baselines by 10-15% on three diverse datasets of forms and mobile app screen layouts for the tasks of spatial region classification, higher-order group identification, layout hierarchy extraction, reading order detection, and word grouping.
Services Standardization In Banking Sector In India: Comparison Between Nationalized, Private And Foreign Banks in India (2020)

The Indian banking sector has undergone a paradigm shift in the past decades that is evolving from physical banking to now becoming digital anchors. It has witnessed transition from simple automation of paper work in branches to branchless banking today. According to the IBEF Report 2018 the Indian banking sector consist of 27 public sector banks, 21 private sector, 45 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1589 urban cooperative banks and 93,550 rural cooperative bank (Rushworth, 2018). The average coverage by the commercial banks increased from 14,000 in 2010 to 13,466 in 2011 to 12,921 in 2012 (Sharma, 2018). In the financial year 2018 the total lending increased at a CAGR of 10.94% while the total deposits increased at the CAGR of 11 %. With the Indian credit market being the fourth largest among the emerging economies. The banking industry has recently witnessed the innovative models like payment and small finance banks. The IBEF report showed that the value of public sector increased to US$ 1.52 trillion in FY17 from US$1.34 billion in FY16. The main changes that could act as the growth drivers for the Indian banking sector includes the banking regulation bill 2017 which will empower RBI to deal with NPAs in the banking sector, the insolvency and bankruptcy code ordinance 2017 has been passed with the motive to strengthen the banking sector (Rushworth, 2018).
Surfactant-Emulating Amphiphilic Polycarbonates and Other Functional Polycarbonates through Metal-Free Copolymerization of CO2 with Ethylene Oxide (2021)

Three types of ethylene oxide-based and carbonate-containing copolymers were prepared through copolymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) with CO2 under metal-free conditions in the presence of triethylborane (TEB), using onium salts (OS) as initiator. Hydrophobic poly[(ethylene carbonate)x-co-(ethylene oxide)y] (PECEO) samples with carbonate contents above 90% (x ≫ y) were first prepared under a CO2 pressure of 10–30 bar with a ratio of [TEB] to [OS] of 1–1.2 equiv in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or in hexane. The above PECEO (carbonate &gt; 91%) then served as a macroinitiator to grow two external poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks and generate in one-pot amphiphilic PEO-b-PECEO-b-PEO triblocks. Lastly, the copolymerization of EO under a low pressure of CO2 (1–2 bar) with a ratio of [TEB] to [OS] of 1.2–2.0 equiv afforded hydrophilic poly[(ethylene oxide)y-co-(ethylene carbonate)x] (PEOEC) random copolymers with carbonate contents below 10% (y ≫ x); allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) was also terpolymerized with EO and CO2 under the same conditions to introduce functional groups along the backbone of PEO chains. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and size of micelles were measured for amphiphilic PEO-b-PECEO-b-PEO samples and compared with the values of other nonionic surfactants. The properties of “PEO-like” hydrophilic PEOECs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wettability test; their degradation behavior was further investigated under different conditions.
Elevation of dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthetase, and thymidine kinase in cultured mammalian cells after exposure to folate antagonists. (1976)

Roswell Park Memorial Institute 4265 human lymphoblasts were grown with three dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: a 2,4-diaminopteridine, methotrexate; a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline, chlorasquin; and, a 2,4-diaminotriazine, triazinate. In the absence of inhibitor, dihydrofolate reductase activity increased to a peak at mid-log growth and then declined during the later growth stages. When cells were grown with 10(-8) M antifolate, cell growth was not affected, but dihydrofolate reductase activity (assayed at pH 7.0) remained at approximately initial levels throughout the growth cycle. This represented 60 to 70% less activity at the mid-log stage of growth, as compared to control cells. Dihydrofolate reductase activity in cells grown with 10(-8) M methotrexate, when assayed at pH 8.5, reached levels twice those in control cells. Enzyme activity in cells grown with 10(-8) M chlorasquin, when assayed at pH 8.5, was also higher than at pH 7.0, but it was not as high as that observed in methotrexate-treated cells. Activity in cells grown with 10(-8) M triazinate was approximately the same when assayed at either pH 7.0 or 8.5. At 10(-8) M, the three antifolates had no effect on the activities of thymidylate synthetase, thymidine kinase, serine trans-hydroxymethylase, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, and thymidylate kinase. However, when concentrations were used which completely inhibited growth (10(-7) to 10(-5) M methotrexate or chlorasuin; 10(-6) to 10(-5) M triazinate), dihydrofolate reductase was progressively inhibited, and there was a two- and a threefold elevation of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase activity, respectively. Quantitatively, the elevation of either enzyme was similar over the range of growth-inhibitory concentrations studied. The activities of the other enzymes were unaffected. Methotrexate and chlorasquin inhibited thymidylate synthetase in a noncompetitive manner (with respect to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) with approximate Ki values of 4.5 X 10(-5) M and 4.9 X 10(-6) M, respectively. Triazinate, at 10(-3) M, had no significant effect on thymidylate synthetase activity. At 10(-3) M, the antifolates produced a negligible inhibition of thymidine kinase. Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (10(-5) M) effectively protected thymidylate synthetase from heat inactivation in vitro. Dihydrofolate or 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, at 10(-3) M, only partially protected thymidylate synthetase. Concentrations of methotrexate (10(-7) to 10(-6) M), chlorasquin (10(-7) M), and triazinate (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), which produced thymidylate synthetase elevation in vivo, did not protect the enzyme from heat inactivation in vitro. Methotrexate at 10(-5) M and chlorasquin at 10(-6) M gave slight protection. Thymidine kinase was stabilized only by thymidine.
Synthesis of Opioidmimetics, 3-[H-Dmt-NH(CH2)m]-6-[H-Dmt-NH(CH2)n]-2(1H)-pyrazinones, and Studies on Structure-Activity Relationships (2007)

Opioidmimetics containing 3-[H-Dmt-NH-(CH(2))(m)]-6-[H-Dmt-NH-(CH(2))(n)]-2(1H)-pyrazinone symmetric (m = n, 1-4) (1 - 4) and asymmetric (m, n = 1 - 4) aliphatic chains (5 - 16) were synthesized using dipeptidyl chloromethylketone intermediates. They had high mu-affinity (K(i)mu = 0.021 - 2.94 nM), delta-affinity (K(i)delta = 1.06 - 152.6 nM), and mu selectivity (K(i)delta/K(i)mu = 14 - 3,126). The opioidmimetics (1 - 16) exhibited mu agonism in proportion to their mu-receptor affinity. delta-Agonism was essentially lacking in the compounds except (4) and (16), and (1) and (2) indicated weak delta antagonism (pA(2) = 6.47 and 6.56, respectively). The data verify that a specific length of aliphatic linker is required between the Dmt pharmacophore and the pyrazinone ring to produce unique mu-opioid receptor ligands.
Symmetric Designs and Self-Dual Codes (1981)

A construction is given for associating to any symmetric (v, k,λ) design a self-dual code of length v+ 1 over GF (p), where p is any divisor of the square-free part of k−λ. These codes are then used to obtain a substantial strengthening of a result of Hughes on automorphisms of designs. Specifically, suppose a symmetric (v, k,λ) design possesses an automorphism σ of odd prime order q. If any prime dividing the square-free part of k−λ has even (multiplicative) order mod q, then a must fix an odd number of points of the design.