gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian-tunable Perovskite Quantum Dot-based Down-Converted Multi-Package White LED with a Color Fidelity Index over 90 (2017)

New metrics of the color and circadian performances of down-converted white light-emitting diodes (DC-WLEDs) are rapidly becoming popular in smart lighting systems. This is due to the increased desire for accurate analytical methods to measure the effects of newly developed quantum dot (QD)-based lighting on the vision, color, and circadian sensors of retina cells in the human eye. In this regard, a two-measure system known as technical memorandum TM-30-2015 (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America), encompassing the color fidelity index (CFI, R <sub>f</sub> ) and the color gamut index (CGI, R <sub>g</sub> ), has been developed as a new metrics of color to replace the currently utilized color rendering index (CRI, R <sub>a</sub> ). In addition, the tunability of the circadian efficacy of radiation (CER) is now more important due to its effect on the control of melatonin suppression/secretion, resetting of the central/local clocks of individuals given their daily cycles, and benefits to human health. In this paper, we developed and analyzed six-colored perovskite (Pe; cyan, green, yellowish green, amber, orange, and red colors) QDs-based multi-package WLED, and optimized the SPDs of tunable PeQD-based multi-package WLEDs in terms of promising human-centric lighting device, given its optimized visual energy, color qualities and health-promoting effects.
Bipolar Transistors on Si / MgO · Al2 O 3 / Si (1992)

SOI‐bipolar transistors were fabricated by Si epitaxial layers on epitaxial layers grown on Si wafers. Leakage current increased due to crystalline defects on the Si layer. By using solid‐phase epitaxy (SPE) or seedless zone melting recrystallization (ZMR), crystalline defects were reduced. Stacking faults were reduced from 108/cm2 to less than 102/cm2 by solid‐phase epitaxial growth of the amorphous Si layer. The leakage current of a bipolar transistor fabricated on a defect‐reduced Si layer was less than 1 nA at 10 V. Both stacking faults and dislocations were reduced by ZMR of the Si layer epitaxially grown on . Dielectrically isolated bipolar transistors with low‐leakage current were obtained.
Tritium Labeling of Neuromedin S by Conjugation with [3H]N-Succinimidyl Propionate (2023)

The human neuropeptide neuromedin S (NMS) consists of 33 amino acids. The introduction of tritium atoms into NMS has not been described so far. This represents a gap for using [<sup>3</sup>H]NMS in radioreceptor binding assays or in tracking and monitoring their metabolic pathway. Two approaches for the incorporation of tritium into NMS were explored in this study: (1) halogenation at the His-18 residue followed by catalyzed iodine-127/tritium exchange and (2) conjugation of tritiated <i>N</i>-succinimidyl-[2,3-<sup>3</sup>H<sub>3</sub>]propionate ([<sup>3</sup>H]NSP) to at least one of the three available primary amines of amino acids Ile-1, Lys-15, and Lys-16 in the peptide sequence. Although iodination of histidine was achieved, subsequent iodine-127/deuterium exchange was unsuccessful. Derivatization at the three possible amino positions in the peptide using nonradioactive NSP resulted in a mixture of unconjugated NSM and 1- to 3-conjugations at different amino acids in the peptide sequence. Each labeling position in the mixture was assigned following detailed LC-MS/MS analysis. After separating the mixture, it was shown in an <i>in vitro</i> fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) and in a competitive binding assay that the propionyl-modified NMS derivatives were comparable to the unlabeled NMS, regardless of the degree of labeling and the labeling position(s). A molecular simulation with NMS in the binding pocket of the protein neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR<sub>2</sub>) confirmed that the possible labeling positions are located outside the binding region of NMUR<sub>2</sub>. Tritium labeling was achieved at the N-terminal Ile-1 using [<sup>3</sup>H]NSP in 7% yield with a radiochemical purity of >95% and a molar activity of 90 Ci/mmol. This approach provides access to tritiated NMS and enables new investigations to characterize NMS or corresponding NMS ligands.
Exomic Sequencing Identifies PALB2 as a Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Gene (2009)

Through complete sequencing of the protein-coding genes in a patient with familial pancreatic cancer, we identified a germline, truncating mutation in PALB2 that appeared responsible for this patient's predisposition to the disease. Analysis of 96 additional patients with familial pancreatic cancer revealed three distinct protein-truncating mutations, thereby validating the role of PALB2 as a susceptibility gene for pancreatic cancer. PALB2 mutations have been previously reported in patients with familial breast cancer, and the PALB2 protein is a binding partner for BRCA2. These results illustrate that complete, unbiased sequencing of protein-coding genes can lead to the identification of a gene responsible for a hereditary disease.
Chimeric Fusion (F) and Attachment (G) Glycoprotein Antigen Delivery by mRNA as a Candidate Nipah Vaccine (2021)

Nipah virus (NiV) represents a significant pandemic threat with zoonotic transmission from bats-to-humans with almost annual regional outbreaks characterized by documented human-to-human transmission and high fatality rates. Currently, no vaccine against NiV has been approved. Structure-based design and protein engineering principles were applied to stabilize the fusion (F) protein in its prefusion trimeric conformation (pre-F) to improve expression and increase immunogenicity. We covalently linked the stabilized pre-F through trimerization domains at the C-terminus to three attachment protein (G) monomers, forming a chimeric design. These studies detailed here focus on mRNA delivery of NiV immunogens in mice, assessment of mRNA immunogen-specific design elements and their effects on humoral and cellular immunogenicity. The pre-F/G chimera elicited a strong neutralizing antibody response and a superior NiV-specific Tfh and other effector T cell response compared to G alone across both the mRNA and protein platforms. These findings enabled final candidate selection of pre-F/G Fd for clinical development.
THE METHOD FOR REVEALING AND VERIFYING ON THE FORMATIONAL PROCESS OF URBAN BLOCKS IN NEPALI HISTORICAL CITIES (2022)

Bhaktapur is known as one of the historic cities of the World Heritage Site in Kathmandu Valley. The authors have been conducting research to clarify the formational process of urban blocks in old city of Bhaktapur with a focus on two perspectives―urban fabric and the exterior design of urban dwellings. As a result of that, two methods is shown for grasping the formational process. This paper use these methods to understand the process and confirm that the results match. Finally, it presents the standard method that is useful for grasping the urban formational process in other cities in Kathmandu Valley.
Cancer cell elimination by cytotoxic T cell cooperation and additive damage (2020)

Summary Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) eliminate tumor target cells in an antigen and cell-contact dependent manner. Lethal hit delivery occurs as a rapid and binary, “yes/no” process when immunogenicity is very high 1–3 , however in vivo CTL often fail to kill solid tumor cells during 1:1 conjugations 4–6 . Using long-term time-lapse microscopy in three distinct tumor cytotoxicity models and statistical modeling, we here show that migrating CTL transit between target cells and initiate apoptosis by a series of sublethal interactions (‘additive cytotoxicity’), while individual conjugations rarely induced apoptosis. Sublethal damage included perforin-dependent membrane pore formation, nuclear lamina rupture and DNA damage, and these events resolved within minutes to hours. In immunogenic B16F10 melanoma tumors in vivo , frequent serial engagements and sublethal hit delivery of CTL was largely confined to interstitial niches in the invasion front, resulting in eradication of invading tumor cells. Thus, additive cytotoxicity is a probabilistic process achieved by a series of CTL-target cell engagements and sublethal events. The need for additive “hits” has implications for the topographic mechanisms of elimination or immune evasion of tumor cells and microenvironmental regulation of CTL accumulation and cooperation by targeted therapy.
Recurrent Neural Network Topologies for Spectral State Estimation and Differentiation (2002)

This paper presents three recurrent neural networks to estimate the spectral content of (noisy) periodic waveforms that are common in many engineering processes. The presented (structured) networks, which are based on the recursive discrete Fourier transform, are especially useful in computing high-order derivaties of such waveforms. Unlike conventional differentiating techniques, the proposed networks perform differentiation in the frequency domain and thus are immune to uncorrelated measurement noise. Furthermore, due to moving-average based correlation scheme, which is inherent to the recursive transform, the presented networks can handle composite waveforms without a detailed signal model in the frequency domain. The performance of the proposed network architectures in a number of simulation and experimental cases has also been evaluated in this paper.
Mapping the evolution of T cell states during response and resistance to adoptive cellular therapy (2020)

Immune therapies have transformed the cancer therapeutic landscape but fail to benefit most patients. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which T cells mediate elimination of leukemia, we generated a high-resolution map of longitudinal T cell dynamics within the same tumor microenvironment (TME) during response or resistance to donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), a widely used immunotherapy for relapsed leukemia. We analyzed 87,939 bone marrow-derived single T cell transcriptomes, along with chromatin accessibility and single T cell receptor clonality profiles, by developing novel machine learning tools for integrating longitudinal and multimodal data. We found that pre-treatment enrichment and post-treatment rapid, durable expansion of ‘terminal’ (T EX ) and ‘precursor’ (T PEX ) exhausted subsets, respectively, defined DLI response. A contrasting, heterogeneous pattern of T cell dysfunction marked DLI resistance. Unexpectedly, T PEX cells that expanded in responders did not arise from the infusion product but instead from both pre-existing and novel clonotypes recruited to the TME. Our unbiased dissection of the TME using a Bayesian method, Symphony, defined the T cell circuitry underlying effective human anti-leukemic immune responses that may be broadly relevant to other exhaustion antagonists across cancers. Finally, we provide a general analysis paradigm for exploiting temporal single-cell genomic profiling for deep understanding of therapeutic scenarios beyond oncology.
Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase of bacteriophage T7. Purification and properties of the phage-encoded subunit, the gene 5 protein. (1979)

DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7 is composed of two subunits, the gene 5 protein of the phage and the host-specified thioredoxin. The gene 5 protein has been purified 7400-fold to homogeneity from bacteriophage T7-infected Escherichia coli 7400 trxA cells that lack thioredoxin. The purification procedure has been monitored by using a complementation assay in which thioredoxin interacts with the gene 5 protein to form an active DNA polymerase. The purified gene 5 protein is a single polypeptide having a molecular weight of 87,000. The gene 5 protein itself has only 1 to 2% of the polymerase activity of T7 DNA polymerase. However, T7 DNA polymerase can be reconstituted by the addition of homogeneous thioredoxin to the gene 5 protein. Optimal reconstitution is obtained when the molar ratio of thioredoxin/gene 5 protein is 150. Under these conditions, the gene 5 protein attains approximately 80% of the activity of an equal amount of T7 DNA polymerase. The apparent Km for thioredoxin in the reaction to restore DNA polymerase activity is 2.8 x 10(-8) M. The enzymatic properties of the reconstituted enzyme are indistinguishable from those of T7 DNA polymerase synthesized in vivo; the reconstituted polymerase interacts with T7 gene 4 protein to catalyze DNA synthesis on duplex DNA templates.
Automated Welding System (1993)

Fully automated variable-polarity plasma arc VPPA welding system developed at Marshall Space Flight Center. System eliminates defects caused by human error. Integrates many sensors with mathematical model of the weld and computer-controlled welding equipment. Sensors provide real-time information on geometry of weld bead, location of weld joint, and wire-feed entry. Mathematical model relates geometry of weld to critical parameters of welding process.
Current fluctuation analysis of a quantum ac-ac resonant converter for contactless power transfer (2010)

A direct ac-ac converter based on quantum energy injection control has many good features such as low component count, low operation frequency for high frequency current generation, compared with traditional controllers. However, when ZCS operation is required, the output current shows obvious fluctuations during operation. It is necessary to qualify the current ripples and sags for practical applications. This paper reviews the basic ZCS operation of an ac-ac converter and gives a detailed fluctuation analysis of the output current generated. Both simulation and experimental studies are presented to verify the theoretical analysis. The work gives a useful indication of the current fluctuation range expected under worst case operation as required in the design of a direct ac-ac converter for contactless power transfer systems.
A fast signature scheme (1978)

In this paper we propose a new scheme for generating and verifying "electronic signatures" in public-key communications. The scheme is based on the difficulty of solving the knapsack problem, and its two main advantages over previous schemes are speed and simplicity.
Fast magnetic resonance coronary angiography with a three-dimensional stack of spirals trajectory (1999)

In this work, three-dimensional (3D) spiral imaging has been utilized for magnetic resonance coronary angiography. Spiral-based 3D techniques can dramatically reduce imaging time requirements compared with 3D Fourier Transform imaging. The method developed here utilized a "stack of spirals" trajectory, to traverse 3D k-space rapidly. Both thick-slab volumes encompassing the entire coronary tree with isotropic resolution and thin-slab volumes targeted to a particular vessel of interest were acquired. Respiratory compensation was achieved using the diminishing variance algorithm. T2-prepared contrast was also applied in some cases to improve contrast between vessel and myocardium, while off-resonance blurring was minimized by applying a linear correction to the acquired data. Images from healthy volunteers were displayed using a curved reformatting technique to view long segments of vessel in a single projection. The results demonstrate that this 3D spiral technique is capable of producing high-quality coronary magnetic resonance angiograms.
Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccines Expressing the Hemagglutinin or Neuraminidase Protein of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Protect against Virus Challenge in Monkeys (2009)

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) causes periodic outbreaks in humans, resulting in severe infections with a high (60%) incidence of mortality. The circulating strains have low human-to-human transmissibility; however, widespread concerns exist that enhanced transmission due to mutations could lead to a global pandemic. We previously engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, as a vector to express the HPAIV hemagglutinin (HA) protein, and we showed that this vaccine (NDV/HA) induced a high level of HPAIV-specific mucosal and serum antibodies in primates when administered through the respiratory tract. Here we developed additional NDV-vectored vaccines expressing either HPAIV HA in which the polybasic cleavage site was replaced with that from a low-pathogenicity strain of influenza virus [HA(RV)], in order to address concerns of enhanced vector replication or genetic exchange, or HPAIV neuraminidase (NA). The three vaccine viruses [NDV/HA, NDV/HA(RV), and NDV/NA] were administered separately to groups of African green monkeys by the intranasal/intratracheal route. An additional group of animals received NDV/HA by aerosol administration. Each of the vaccine constructs was highly restricted for replication, with only low levels of virus shedding detected in respiratory secretions. All groups developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous strains of HPAIV and were protected against challenge with 2 x 10(7) PFU of homologous HPAIV. Thus, needle-free, highly attenuated NDV-vectored vaccines expressing either HPAIV HA, HA(RV), or NA have been developed and demonstrated to be individually immunogenic and protective in a primate model of HPAIV infection. The finding that HA(RV) was protective indicates that it would be preferred for inclusion in a vaccine. The study also identified NA as an independent protective HPAIV antigen in primates. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of aerosol delivery of NDV-vectored vaccines.
Abstract 17334: The Detrimental Effect of Chest Compression Interruptions on Coronary Perfusion Pressure Dynamics (2015)

Introduction: Guidelines for treatment of cardiac arrest recommend minimizing interruptions in chest compressions based on research indicating that interruptions compromise coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and blood flow and reducing the likelihood of successful defibrillation. We investigated the dynamics of CPP before, during, and after compression interruptions and how they change over time. Methods: CPR was performed on domestic swine (~30 Kg) using standard physiological monitoring. Blood flow was measured in the abdominal aorta (AAo), the inferior vena cava, the right common carotid and external jugular. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced. Mechanical chest compressions (CC) were started after four minutes of VF. CC were delivered at a rate of 100 compressions per minute (cpm) and at a depth of 2” for a total of 12 min. CPP was calculated as the difference between aortic and right atrial pressure at end-diastole per Utstein guidelines. CPP was determined for 5 compressions prior to the interruption, every 2 seconds during the CC interruption, and for 7 compressions after the interruption. Per protocol, 12 interruptions occurred at randomized time points. Results: Across 12 minutes of CPR, averaged CPP prior to interruption was significantly greater than the averaged CPP after the interruption (22.4±1.0 vs. 15.5±0.73 mmHg). As CPR continued throughout the 12 minutes, CPP during compressions decreased (First 6 min = 24.1±1.4 vs. Last 6 min = 20.1±1.3 mmHg, p=0.05), but the effect of interruptions remained constant resulting in a 20% drop in CPP for every 2 seconds irrespective of the prior CPP. The increase (slope) of CPP after resumption of compressions was significantly reduced over time (First 6 min = 1.47±0.18 vs. Last 6 min = 0.82±0.13 mmHg/compression). Conclusions: Chest compression interruptions have a detrimental effect on coronary perfusion and blood flow. The magnitude of this effect increases over time as a resuscitation effort continues. These data confirm the importance of providing uninterrupted CPR particularly in long duration resuscitations.
Iron Loss Calculation Method of Filter Inductor Core on a Single-Phase PWM Voltage Source Inverter (2007)

The authors have reported a novel iron loss calculation method based on a loss-map of the magnetic materials. A distinctive feature of this method is that the iron loss on the inductors can easily be calculated in many kinds of converters. In this paper, a novel iron loss calculation method of the ac filter inductor on the PWM inverter by using the loss-map is described. This method enables to calculate the iron loss due to the dynamic minor loops by using the loss map and executing the easy circuit-simulation. The relation between the control method for the PWM inverter and the iron loss is discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified through 500W experimental set-up.
Current Situation of Proton Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: From Expectations to Evidence (2021)

Consolidative radiation therapy (RT) is of prime importance for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) management since it significantly increases progression-free survival (PFS). Nevertheless, first-generation techniques, relying on large irradiation fields, delivered significant radiation doses to critical organs-at-risk (OARs, such as the heart, to the lung or the breasts) when treating mediastinal HL; consequently, secondary cancers, and cardiac and lung toxicity were substantially increased. Fortunately, HL RT has drastically evolved and, nowadays, state-of-the-art RT techniques efficiently spare critical organs-at-risks without altering local control or overall survival. Recently, proton therapy has been evaluated for mediastinal HL treatment, due to its possibility to significantly reduce integral dose to OARs, which is expected to limit second neoplasm risk and reduce late toxicity. Nevertheless, clinical experience for this recent technique is still limited worldwide. Based on current literature, this critical review aims to examine the current practice of proton therapy for mediastinal HL irradiation.
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Flexible Satellite Payload for Mobile Terminals (2020)

Information dissemination in mobile networks turns out to be a problem when the network is sparse. Mobile networks begin to establish a separate cluster attributable to the limited communication range of terminals. The multi-beam satellite communication systems can play a significant role in providing direct-to-user satellite mobile services and connecting the separated clusters. This paper focuses on how to efficiently schedule limited satellite-based radio resources to enhance transmission efficiency and meet the requested traffic with low complexity. Taking the inter-beam interference and resource utilization variance into consideration, we build a game-theoretic based model for bandwidth allocation in the forward link. As the size of satellite beams increases, the size of the action space for deep reinforcement learning based on a single agent becomes large, resulting in high time complexity. Thus, we extend the single-agent deep reinforcement learning to the multi-agent context and then propose a cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning method to achieve the optimal bandwidth allocation strategy. Each beam works as a player who is willing to satisfy the request traffic with flexible payloads. We built a multi-beam satellite platform using real historical data. The experimental results show that this approach is capable of enhancing transmission efficiency and can be flexible to achieve the desired goal with low complexity.