gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seamless Mobile Video Streaming over HTTP/2 with Gradual Quality Transitions (2016)

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) has become a popular solution for media delivery over the mobile Internet. However, existing HAS systems are based on the pull-based HTTP/1.1 protocol, leading to high overheads (e.g., in terms of energy, processing, bandwidth) for clients, servers, as well as network nodes. The new HTTP/2 protocol provides a server push feature, which allows the client to receive more than one video segment for each request in order to reduce request-related overheads. In this study, we propose an adaptation method to leverage the push feature of HTTP/2. Our method takes into account not only the request-related overhead but also buffer stability and gradual transitions. The experimental results show that our proposed method performs well under strong throughput variations of mobile networks.
KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product beta-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference (2016)

Excessive alcohol consumption is a major public health problem worldwide. Although drinking habits are known to be inherited, few genes have been identified that are robustly linked to alcohol drinking. We conducted a genome-wide association metaanalysis and replication study among &gt;105,000 individuals of European ancestry and identified β-Klotho (KLB) as a locus associated with alcohol consumption (rs11940694; P = 9.2 × 10−12). β-Klotho is an obligate coreceptor for the hormone FGF21, which is secreted from the liver and implicated in macronutrient preference in humans. We show that brain-specific β-Klotho KO mice have an increased alcohol preference and that FGF21 inhibits alcohol drinking by acting on the brain. These data suggest that a liver–brain endocrine axis may play an important role in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior and provide a unique pharmacologic target for reducing alcohol consumption.
Evaluation of functional brain connectivity abnormalities in head injured patients using fMRI image processing (2014)

The human brain consists of many different neural elements that comprise a functioning processing and control system. Though each area has its unique role, they do not operate separately. It is empirically known that during brain activity, different elements affect each other. Such neural network's activity is called Functional Brain Connectivity (FBC). It is a known phenomenon among athletes who suffer mild head injuries frequently along their career, to be more likely to suffer from neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's at old age. This phenomenon has been studied by physicians and health researchers as early as 1971 [1]. Patients who suffered from frequent mild head injuries have no neurological appearable symptoms at young age. FBC abnormality accompanies the mentioned neurological diseases, each characterizes with a different pattern [2], [3]. These two facts led the hypothesis that frequent head injuries can, with some probability, cause FBC abnormalities. Proving this hypothesis and mapping the transformed pattern of FBC can contribute to understanding neurological diseases and by this help the search after treatment generally and preventing for frequent mild injured athletes particularly. This work offers a technology that enables brain researchers to evaluate and locate abnormalities in FBC using fMRI data of a patient. It does so using the fact that connectivity pattern, at rest state, is to a large extent symmetrical. The system evaluates connectivity between classes of voxels using a new nonlinear-Differential Filtered Coherence. It is a mathematical solution for describing connections that are not necessary linear by following the influences of changes in one signal on the changes in another. Finally, the system finds FBC asymmetry using registration of the generated connectivity map between the two hemispheres of the brain.
Novel Quantitative Analytical Approaches for Rotor Identification and Associated Implications for Mapping (2017)

New techniques providing more accurate rotor localization could improve characterization of arrhythmias and, in turn, offer a means to accurately evaluate whether rotor ablation is a viable and effective treatment for chaotic cardiac arrhythmias.
Fuzzy Logic Modeling and Control for Drilling of Composite Laminates: Simulation (2001)

In drilling of composite laminates, it is important to minimize or reduce occurrences of delaminations. In particular, a peel-up delamination at entrance and push-out delamination at exit are common. Delaminations may be avoided by regulating the drill thrust force can be controlled by adjusting the feedrate of the drill. Dynamics involved in drilling of composite laminates is time varying and nonlinear. In this paper, a fuzzy logic model and control strategy are proposed. Simulation results show that the fuzzy model can describe the nonlinear time-varying process well. The fuzzy controller realizes a fast rise time and a little overshoot of drilling force.
Characterization of Head Acceleration Exposure During Youth Football Practice Drills (2023)

Many head acceleration events (HAEs) observed in youth football emanate from a practice environment. This study aimed to evaluate HAEs in youth football practice drills using a mouthpiece-based sensor, differentiating between inertial and direct HAEs. Head acceleration data were collected from athletes participating on 2 youth football teams (ages 11-13 y) using an instrumented mouthpiece-based sensor during all practice sessions in a single season. Video was recorded and analyzed to verify and assign HAEs to specific practice drill characteristics, including drill intensity, drill classification, and drill type. HAEs were quantified in terms of HAEs per athlete per minute and peak linear and rotational acceleration and rotational velocity. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the differences in kinematics, and generalized linear models were used to assess differences in HAE frequency between drill categories. A total of 3237 HAEs were verified and evaluated from 29 football athletes enrolled in this study. Head kinematics varied significantly between drill categorizations. HAEs collected at higher intensities resulted in significantly greater kinematics than lower-intensity drills. The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence informing evidence-based strategies to reduce head impact exposure and concussion risk in youth football practices.
Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and pPb collisions (2015)

A systematic study of the factorization of long-range azimuthal two-particle correlations into a product of single-particle anisotropies is presented as a function of pT and η of both particles and as a function of the particle multiplicity in PbPb and pPb collisions. The data were taken with the CMS detector for PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV and pPb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV, covering a very wide range of multiplicity. Factorization is observed to be broken as a function of both particle pT and η. When measured with particles of different pT, the magnitude of the factorization breakdown for the second Fourier harmonic reaches 20% for very central PbPb collisions but decreases rapidly as the multiplicity decreases. The data are consistent with viscous hydrodynamic predictions, which suggest that the effect of factorization breaking is mainly sensitive to the initial-state conditions rather than to the transport properties (e.g., shear viscosity) of the medium. The factorization breakdown is also computed with particles of different η. The effect is found to be weakest for mid-central PbPb events but becomes larger for more central or peripheral PbPb collisions, and also for very-high-multiplicity pPb collisions. The η-dependent factorization data provide new insights to the longitudinal evolution of the medium formed in heavy ion collisions.
Dynamic Behaviour of Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals (1992)

Expressions describing the dynamic behaviour in terms of τ on and τ off for twisted nematic structures have been derived through rigorous analysis. The obtained equations are discussed separately for the twisted nematic (TN) and super twisted nematic (STN) cases. Experimentally obtained switching times under various boundary conditions validate the approach. We discuss the results from the liquid crystal substance developer's point of view.
Pirtobrutinib preclinical characterization: a highly selective, non-covalent (reversible) BTK inhibitor (2023)

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is a major therapeutic target for B-cell-driven malignancies. However, approved covalent BTK inhibitors (cBTKis) are associated with treatment limitations because of off-target side effects, suboptimal oral pharmacology, and development of resistance mutations (eg, C481) that prevent inhibitor binding. Here, we describe the preclinical profile of pirtobrutinib, a potent, highly selective, noncovalent (reversible) BTK inhibitor. Pirtobrutinib binds BTK with an extensive network of interactions to BTK and water molecules in the adenosine triphosphate binding region and shows no direct interaction with C481. Consequently, pirtobrutinib inhibits both BTK and BTK C481 substitution mutants in enzymatic and cell-based assays with similar potencies. In differential scanning fluorimetry studies, BTK bound to pirtobrutinib exhibited a higher melting temperature than cBTKi-bound BTK. Pirtobrutinib, but not cBTKis, prevented Y551 phosphorylation in the activation loop. These data suggest that pirtobrutinib uniquely stabilizes BTK in a closed, inactive conformation. Pirtobrutinib inhibits BTK signaling and cell proliferation in multiple B-cell lymphoma cell lines, and significantly inhibits tumor growth in human lymphoma xenografts in vivo. Enzymatic profiling showed that pirtobrutinib was highly selective for BTK in >98% of the human kinome, and in follow-up cellular studies pirtobrutinib retained >100-fold selectivity over other tested kinases. Collectively, these findings suggest that pirtobrutinib represents a novel BTK inhibitor with improved selectivity and unique pharmacologic, biophysical, and structural attributes with the potential to treat B-cell-driven cancers with improved precision and tolerability. Pirtobrutinib is being tested in phase 3 clinical studies for a variety of B-cell malignancies.
Supplemental Figure Legends and Mathods from Generation 2.5 Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants Suppress Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legends and Mathods. Description of supplemental figure contents and methods used in the related studies.&lt;/p&gt;
A study of the electron paramagnetic resonance properties of single monoclinic crystals of bovine superoxide dismutase. (1982)

Monoclinic crystals of native bovine superoxide dismutase and its monocyano derivative were studied by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Through computer simulation of the spectra, the directions of the principal axes of the magnetic tensors (g and A) have been found with respect to the crystal principal axes and with respect to the positions of atoms bear the Cu(II) as previously determined by x-ray crystallography (Richardson, J. S., Thomas, K. A., and Richardson, D. C. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63, 986-992; Tainer, J. A., Getzoff, E. D., Richardson, J. S., and Richardson, D. C. (1980) in 2SOD: Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Complete Atomic Coordinates (Richardson, D. C., and Richardson, J. S., eds) Brookhaven Protein Structure Data Bank). In the native protein, the direction of the gz axis of Cu(II) was found to lie perpendicular to the rough plane formed by the four imidazole nitrogen atoms coordinated to the Cu(II). The direction of gy is approximately along the His 44N-Cu-His 46N direction, and gx is in the direction of the Cu-His 61-Cu-N bond. The A is coaxial with g within 15 degrees C. A substantial shift occurs in the direction of gz when CN- binds to the Cu(II), suggesting a change in the coordination configuration of the metal.
Hormonal Regulation of β-Adrenergic Receptors in the Rat Mammary Gland during the Estrous Cycle and Lactation: Role of Sex Steroids and Prolactin (1990)

To gain further knowledge on the role of ovarian hormones in the regulation of mammary beta-adrenergic receptors, virgin animals were killed during the various phases of the estrous cycle as well as after ovariectomy and treatment with sex steroid. beta-Adrenergic receptor levels fluctuate in the rat mammary gland during the estrous cycle, with higher receptor numbers during the proestrous and estrous phases of the cycle. Ovariectomy caused an almost 50% loss of beta-adrenergic receptor concentration in the mammary gland of virgin rats. Treatment of ovariectomized animals with 17 beta-estradiol or progesterone alone or in combination for 3 weeks induced a marked increase in beta-adrenergic receptor concentration, while administration of the androgen dihydrotestosterone did not modify mammary beta-adrenergic binding sites. While levels of beta-adrenergic receptors in control lactating animals (10 days of lactation) were elevated, chronic treatment with the dopaminergic-mimetic agent 2 alpha-bromoergocryptine (CB-154; for 7 days) reduced beta-adrenergic receptor concentration. Castration of lactating animals decreased beta-adrenergic receptor number to approximately 30% of the value in intact controls, while combined withdrawal of circulating ovarian hormones and inhibition of plasma PRL levels caused an almost complete inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptor concentration. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the observed alterations in beta-adrenergic receptors resulted from changes in the number of beta-adrenergic binding sites, with no change in binding affinities. The present findings indicate that the beta-adrenergic receptor population of the rat mammary gland is under the control of ovarian hormones and PRL and suggest that circulating or locally released catecholamines could interact with sex steroids and PRL in the regulation of mammary gland growth, differentiation, and activity.
Development of three-dimensional memory die stack packages using polymer insulated sidewall technique (2003)

A novel design of three dimensional (3D) memory die stack package has been established. The prototype of the 3D package using mechanical dies has been demonstrated. The whole processes of fabricating the 3D package consists of wafer cutting into die segments, die passivation including sidewall insulation of dies, via opening on the original I/O pads, I/O redistribution from center pads to sidewall, bare die stacking using polymer adhesives, sidewall interconnection and solder balls attachment. There are several remarkable improvements in this 3D package design compared with the currently available 3D packages. The most unique feature of this newly developed package design is the sidewall insulation prior to the I/O redistribution, which produces (1) better chip-to-wafer yield and (2) significant process simplification in the following fabrication steps. According to this design, 100% of dies on a conventional wafer can be used without any neighboring die loss, which may be caused by the I/O redistribution process of conventional 3D package design. Furthermore this newly developed 3D bare die stack package design can simplify the following processes such as I/O redistribution, sidewall insulation, sidewall interconnection, and package formation. The mechanical integrity of the prototype 3D stacked package meets the JEDEC Level III and 85/spl deg/C/85% test.
Dynamic cross-flow filtration: enhanced continuous small-scale solid-liquid separation (2015)

In a previous study, a small-scale dynamic filtration device (SFD) was analyzed and the basic mechanisms governing the filtration process were characterized. The present work aims at improving the device's performance in terms of actual production. Various operation modes were tested in order to increase permeate flow and concentration factors (CF), while maintaining a fully continuous production mode. Both, a vacuum-enhanced and a pulsating operation mode, proved to be superior to the currently implemented open-operation mode. For example, for lactose, an increase of the CF could be achieved from 1.7 in open mode to 7.6 in pulsating operation mode. The investigated operation strategy enables process control systems to rapidly react to fluctuating feeds that may occur due to changes in upstream manufacturing steps. As a result, not only filtration performance in terms of permeate rate but also process flexibility can be significantly increased. Overall, vacuum-enhanced operation was shown to be most promising for integration into an industrial environment. The option to elevate achievable concentration factors, ease of flow monitoring as well as the ability to react to changes in the feed conditions allow for effective and efficient continuous small-scale filtration.
Study on the Sediment and Velocity Characteristics around Bridge Based on Shape of the Piers (2009)

In this study, a river basin with a lot of measured data such as water level, flow rate, current speed, and sediment rate from the past to now was selected and geometrical shape of a pier was re-analyzed, in order to study the effects of the flow around the pier area as well as the riverbed alternation characteristics. A finite element mesh of the entire river was prepared, and via parameter revision, the section that the pier has influence on was decided, to analyze the shape of the pier using RMA-2 and SED2D-WES models. With regards to the section that the pier has influence on, analysis was done on the four pier shapes, namely circle, square, rectangle, and octagon. The results showed that the shape with the least influence around the pier around is the octagon, followed by circle, rectangle, and square, showing the different geometrical effects that the shapes have on the pier. Furthermore, it was shown that the distribution of sediment concentration had effect from about (+) 110 m of the upstream to about (-) 130 m of the downstream, from the pier installation point. Also, it was shown after analyzing drag forces for different sediment particle distributions that the shape with the greatest drag is the octagon, followed by circle, square, and rectangle.
Distributed Mobility Management using IEEE 802.21 (2011)

IMDEA Networks researchers have been contributing actively and extensively to this body of work over the last years. This contribution was produced in the following context:

Vice-chairing IEEE 802.21 TGb

Antonio de la Oliva was elected as IEEE 802.21 TGb Vice-chair in July 2011. The main responsibility of the position resides in shepherding the IEEE 802.21b specification until it is finally approved by the IEEE 802 Executive Committee. The specification, which contains significant contributions from on-going (MEDIEVAL) and past (CARMEN) European projects, passed the Sponsor Ballot in November 2011 and is currently awaiting approval-which will hopefully be ratified on the March 2012 plenary meeting.

Leading of the IEEE 802.21 Future Project Planning Ad-hoc group

The IEEE 802.21a and IEEE 802.21b amendments are already completed and waiting for ratification from IEEE 802 EC. This opens the door to new projects within the IEEE 802.21. IMDEA Networks, through one of its collaborators, is currently leading the Ad- Hoc group in charge of defining the new working items. Even more, some of the ideas developed within MEDIEVAL have been proposed and accepted as working items. A new Project Authorization Request (on MIHF_ID Group Management) was prepared through the last months of 2011, and submitted for approval on January 2012. The new project, to be named IEEE 802.21 TGd, will hopefully be approved on the March 2012 meeting.

Contributions to IEEE 802.21a/b/c and IEEE 802.11

Apart from the above activities, several technical contributions to IEEE 802.21a/b/c and IEEE 802.11 were performed during the 2011 period. In IEEE 802.21a several contributions and comments to address the different letters and sponsor ballots were performed. The main technical contributions from MEDIEVAL and CARMEN were introduced in IEEE 802.21b during 2010 and beginning of 2011 (2011 being devoted to defending such contributions during the different ballots). IEEE 802.21c standardizes the mechanisms to enable optimized single radio handover. Some of the technical details of this approach are very similar to the issues analyzed for DMM, hence the solutions designed within MEDIEVAL have been contributed to the task group. Finally, part of the work performed in FLAVIA was presented at the Next Wireless Generation Steering Committee (NWG SC), and was received positively.
Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Waveforms Using Embedded Pilots in the Presence of Impairments (2011)

Given the widespread deployment of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless systems, reliable spectrum sensing of OFDM waveforms is of great interest for future cognitive radio systems. Use of the embedded pilots of OFDM signals has been extensively studied in the literature. Such techniques rely on having correlated pilots to improve detection sensitivity. However, the impact of synchronization in accuracy and implementation impairments has not been thoroughly studied in the literature. This paper discusses the pilot-aided cyclostationary detection (PACSD) method as a practical structure to detect OFDM signals under asynchronous conditions. The presented analysis quantifies the performance of a detection method without exhaustive searching, compared with an ideal system. This paper goes on to investigate the impact of radio-frequency (RF) front-end nonidealities on the overall performance of the PACSD. We develop closed-form expressions for performance loss in the presence of in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance, carrier frequency offset, phase noise, and sampling clock frequency offset (SCFO). These results show that the most detrimental impairment is that of SCFO, where a 20-ppm offset can result in a 9-dB performance loss. We then present a modified detector structure to compensate for this huge loss. Analysis and simulation show that, using the modified technique, we can get within 2 dB of the ideal no-offset case.
Spinodal Decomposition in a Subsurface Layer of a Polymer Blend Film (1999)

We have studied phase separation in off-critical mixtures of poly(ethylene propylene) (hPEP) and perdeuterated poly(ethylene propylene) (dPEP) inside the metastable and unstable region of the phase diagram but under the influence of a surface that attracts the majority component (dPEP). In the adjacent depletion region nucleation barriers are eliminated, and the film starts to phase separate long before phase separation occurs in the bulk. The hPEP-rich domains are confined to grow anisotropically within the unstable region. The growth gives rise to the formation of a regular roughness pattern on the surface when the domains relax into a more circular shape driven by interfacial tension. The volume fraction versus depth profiles are obtained using time-of-flight forward recoil spectrometry (TOF-FRES) while the roughness pattern that mirrors the phase morphology in the depletion layer can be monitored by scanning force microscopy (SFM). Depending on initial dPEP volume fraction the lateral bicontinuous phase pattern inside the unstable region either develops into a dPEP-rich layer containing hPEP-rich droplets or forms a continuous hPEP-rich layer with dPEP-rich droplets. The lateral growth of the pattern follows a λ(t) = λ(t=0) + bt0.80 law where λ(t=0) and λ(t) are the pattern wavelength initially and at time t after the quench.
Spinal cord volume loss (2018)

SCV loss over time relates to the number of clinical relapses in RRMS, but overall does not differ between RRMS and SPMS. SCV proved to be a strong predictor of physical disability and disease progression, indicating that SCV may be a suitable marker for monitoring disease activity and severity.