gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pediatric head injury prediction: investigating the distance between the skull and the brain using medical imaging - biomed 2009. (2009)

Injuries caused by Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death and head injury for children in the United States. Improved finite element models that incorporate the correct size and shape of the pediatric brain and skull with current injury prevention metrics would improve the prediction of such pediatric head injuries. As an individual ages the shape of his/her brain, skull and meninges change with age. An accurate model needs to incorporate the interactive nature of these changes throughout pediatric development. The focus of this study is to quantify how the thickness and volume of the Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) layer change with age in the pediatric population. The results of this study and others will be incorporated in creating a pediatric finite element model at various ages. This model may then be used by the automotive industry or in the study and analysis of shaken baby syndrome (SBS). The data-set consisted of fifty-nine individuals ranging in age from newborn to twenty-one years of age. Data was collected on the thickness of the CSF layer on the MR scans by taking forty measurements at specified points on three slices for each individual. The volume of the CSF layer was also quantified by making a mask of the CSF layer on all individuals. Both the thickness measurements and the volume analyses were then normalized utilizing a centroid value for each individual. Both the CSF thickness measurements and the volume analyses show a general logistic decrease in the amount of CSF from infancy to twenty-one years of age. Large CSF variation between individuals of the same age was observed; thus, future studies should utilize a longitudinal cohort study to control for individual differences in CSF. Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the CSF layer should also be investigated.
Living olefin polymerization processes (2023)

Processes for the living polymerization of olefin monomers with terminal carbon-carbon double bonds are disclosed. The processes employ initiators that include a metal atom and a ligand having two group 15 atoms and a group 16 atom or three group 15 atoms. The ligand is bonded to the metal atom through two anionic or covalent bonds and a dative bond. The initiators are particularly stable under reaction conditions in the absence of olefin monomer. The processes provide polymers having low polydispersities, especially block copolymers having low polydispersities. It is an additional advantage of these processes that, during block copolymer synthesis, a relatively small amount of homopolymer is formed.
Surface-Processing-Enhanced Copper Diffusion into Fluorosilicate Glass (2001)

This study investigated copper diffusion into processed fluorosilicate glass (FSG). It is observed that the surface process enhances the flatband voltage shift of the Cu/FSG/Si capacitor structure under bias-temperature stress. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the flatband voltage shift was due to Cu diffusion into the FSG film. Thermal desorption spectrometer analysis indicated that the surface damage layer took up more moisture. A surface-damage-layer-enhanced Cu ionization model was then proposed to explain the observation. The investigation concludes that the diffusion of Cu into FSG is strongly dependent on the surface condition of the FSG film. The proposed model also provides explanation for the inconsistent results reported in previous literature. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Genome-wide association study of over 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology (2020)

Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 41,917 BD cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. BD risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating eQTL data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to BD via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of BD subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between BD type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of BD, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
Modeling the Two -Peak Phenomenon in Pharmacokinetics Using a Gut Passage Model with two Absorption Sites (2013)

Background  The first study with a new compound in humans showed PK characteristics that can be characterized by a single compartment model.  Higher doses exhibited a two-peak phenomenon: a second drug concentration peak occurred that became more pronounced with higher doses.  Preclinical data suggested that the underlying mechanism could be a gut passage with two absorption sites in the upper and lower intestinal tract, respectively.
Bone Adaptation in Adult Women Is Related to Loading Dose: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

Although strong evidence exists that certain activities can increase bone density and structure in people, it is unclear what specific mechanical factors govern the response. This is important because understanding the effect of mechanical signals on bone could contribute to more effective osteoporosis prevention methods and efficient clinical trial design. The degree to which strain rate and magnitude govern bone adaptation in humans has never been prospectively tested. Here, we studied the effects of a voluntary upper extremity compressive loading task in healthy adult women during a 12-month prospective period. A total of 102 women age 21 to 40 years participated in one of two experiments: (i) low (n = 21) and high (n = 24) strain magnitude; or (ii) low (n = 21) and high (n = 20) strain rate. Control (n = 16) no intervention. Strains were assigned using subject-specific finite element models. Load cycles were recorded digitally. The primary outcome was change in ultradistal radius integral bone mineral content (iBMC), assessed with QCT. Interim time points and secondary outcomes were assessed with high resolution pQCT (HRpQCT) at the distal radius. Sixty-six participants completed the intervention, and interim data were analyzed for 77 participants. Likely related to improved compliance and higher received loading dose, both the low-strain rate and high-strain rate groups had significant 12-month increases to ultradistal iBMC (change in control: -1.3 ± 2.7%, low strain rate: 2.7 ± 2.1%, high strain rate: 3.4 ± 2.2%), total iBMC, and other measures. "Loading dose" was positively related to 12-month change in ultradistal iBMC, and interim changes to total BMD, cortical thickness, and inner trabecular BMD. Participants who gained the most bone completed, on average, 128 loading bouts of (mean strain) 575 με at 1878 με/s. We conclude that signals related to strain magnitude, rate, and number of loading bouts contribute to bone adaptation in healthy adult women, but only explain a small amount of variance in bone changes. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Fabrication of OH-free multimode fiber by vapor phase axial deposition (1982)

An ultimately OH-free multimode optical fiber was fabricated by vapor phase axial deposition (VAD). Dehydration conditions were investigated using a newly designed electric furnace. To exclude the OH ion contamination during a fiber-drawing process, simultaneous deposition of core and cladding was carried out. The loss mechanism for the fabricated OH-free fiber was analyzed. Transmission loss for this fiber approached the theoretically estimated value. The low-loss window, with less than 0.5 dB/km attenuation, ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 μm. Realization of the OH-free VAD fiber promises a very useful application in wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission systems, and widens the choice of wavelengths for optical sources.
Laboratory Conditions for Tensile Tests in Annulus Fibrosus from Human Intervertebral Discs (1967)

(1967). Laboratory Conditions for Tensile Tests in Annulus Fibrosus from Human Intervertebral Discs. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 38, No. 1-4, pp. 148-162.
The Effect of Solithromycin, a Cationic Amphiphilic Drug, on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells (2017)

Our results support our hypothesis that SOL, a CAD, is able to reproduce AZM's impact on lysosome and lipid accumulation, as well as the differentiation, of HMGECs. The effect of SOL on lysosome appearance was faster than that of AZM.
Extending High Speed Operating Range of Induction Machine Drives Using Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control with Precise Flux Weakening (2018)

Flux weakening techniques have been developed for field oriented control (FOC) drives to achieve the maximum torque capability above the base speed. Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) has the advantages of precise torque and flux control and reduced parameter sensitivity compared to FOC, thus it has the potential benefit of more consistently achieving maximum torque capability in the flux weakening region more accurately. This paper introduces a flux weakening strategy for DB-DTFC. Considering voltage and current limits, a simple solution to the optimal trajectory for the stator flux magnitude is derived to achieve the maximum feasible torque over the entire operating range. Results show that the speed control is extended to a significantly higher range beyond the base speed. Self-sensing is also investigated in the flux weakening region. Challenges of self-sensing are addressed to significantly extend the high speed operating range.
Nanoscopy on-a-chip: super-resolution imaging on the millimeter scale (2019)

Optical nanoscopy techniques can image intracellular structures with high specificity at sub-diffraction limited resolution, bridging the resolution gap between optical microscopy and electron microscopy. So far conventional nanoscopy lacks the ability to generate high throughput data, as the imaged region is small. Photonic chip-based nanoscopy has demonstrated the potential for imaging large areas, but at a lateral resolution of 130 nm. However, all the existing super-resolution methods provide a resolution of 100 nm or better. In this work, chip-based nanoscopy is demonstrated with a resolution of 75 nm over an extraordinarily large area of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm, using a low magnification and high N.A. objective lens. Furthermore, the performance of chip-based nanoscopy is benchmarked by studying the localization precision and illumination homogeneity for different waveguide widths. The advent of large field-of-view chip-based nanoscopy opens up new routes in diagnostics where high throughput is needed for the detection of non-diffuse disease, or rare events such as the early detection of cancer.
Vaccination against Influenza with Recombinant Hemagglutinin Expressed by Schizochytrium sp. Confers Protective Immunity (2013)

For the rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens in unlimited quantities, a transition from conventional egg-based production to cell-based and recombinant systems is required. The need for higher-yield, lower-cost, and faster production processes is critical to provide adequate supplies of influenza vaccine to counter global pandemic threats. In this study, recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of influenza virus were expressed in the microalga Schizochytrium sp., an established, fermentable organism grown in large scale for the manufacture of polyunsaturated fatty acids for animal and human health applications. Schizochytrium was capable of exporting the full-length membrane-bound proteins in a secreted form suitable for vaccine formulation. One recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) protein derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus was evaluated as a vaccine in a murine challenge model. Protective immunity from lethal challenge with homologous virus was elicited by a single dose of 1.7, 5 or 15 µg rHA with or without adjuvant at survival rates between 80-100%. Full protection (100%) was established at all dose levels with or without adjuvant when mice were given a second vaccination. These data demonstrate the potential of Schizochytrium sp. as a platform for the production of recombinant antigens useful for vaccination against influenza.
Scaffolding to build a rational vaccine design strategy (2010)

Conventional vaccines, going back to the work of Jenner and Pasteur, are based on a rather direct mimicry of the offending pathogen using an attenuated or killed version of the microbe or purified or recombinant proteins from the microbe surface. These vaccines have been enormously successful against a range of pathogens. However, the conventional approaches have faltered for other pathogens, such as HIV, that have evolved an arsenal of molecular tricks to avoid immune responses. In such cases, alternate strategies are being investigated. The report by Ofek et al. (1) in PNAS describes a promising approach for presenting a vaccine target in the context of a protein or “scaffold” that lacks some of the defensive features of a pathogen such as HIV. The report does not deliver an HIV vaccine, but it takes an important step forward.
Electrokinetic Transport in Nanochannels. 2. Experiments (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionElectrokinetic Transport in Nanochannels. 2. ExperimentsSumita Pennathur and Juan G. SantiagoCite this: Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 3, 972–973Publication Date (Web):December 30, 2005Publication History Published online30 December 2005Published inissue 1 February 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac052141vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac052141vcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views514Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (29 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aspergillosis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience (2010)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and effect of treatments of aspergillosis infections in adult liver transplantation patients. Methods: We retrospectively studied the cases of aspergillosis among 625 (164 deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT), 461 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT)) adult liver transplantation recipients (≥18 yrs old) operated between May 1996 to May 2008. Results: Fourteen cases of aspergillosis infection were detected, which consisted of 9 cases of invasive aspergillosis, 5 cases of aspergilloma in maxillary sinuses which occurred before the transplantation. One patient with invasive aspergillosis, who had received liver transplantation overseas and had post-operation care in our center, was also included. Among the 8 cases (1.28%) of invasive aspergillosis (excluding one case operated overseas), 6 cases (3.7%) were DDLT and 2 cases (0.4%) LDLT (P-value＜0.05). Among the 6 patients with early onset of invasive aspergillosis, 5 patients (1.8%) had fluconazole and only 1 patient (0.3%) had itraconazole as prophylactic antifungal agent (P-value＜0.05). The three cases with localized lesions in the lung survived after lobectomy, but the disseminated and inoperable cases died. Conclusion: The incidence of invasive aspergillosis was lower in LDLT cases and prophylactic itraconazole might be more effective than fluconazole. Paranasal aspergilloma, detected before transplantation had no relation with posttransplant invasive aspergillosis infection. Patients who had localized lesion in the lung, and underwent surgery had better survival than who could not.
A molecular atlas of innate immunity to adjuvanted and live attenuated vaccines, in mice (2022)

Adjuvants hold great potential in enhancing vaccine efficacy, making the understanding and improving of adjuvants critical goals in vaccinology. The TLR7/8 agonist, 3M-052, induces long-lived humoral immunity in non-human primates and is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials. However, the innate mechanisms of 3M-052 have not been fully characterized. Here, we perform flow cytometry, single cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to profile the kinetics, transcriptomics and epigenomics of innate immune cells in murine draining lymph nodes following 3M-052-Alum/Ovalbumin immunization. We find that 3M-052-Alum/OVA induces a robust antiviral and interferon gene program, similar to the yellow fever vaccine, which is known to confer long-lasting protection. Activation of myeloid cells in dLNs persists through day 28 and single cell analysis reveals putative TF-gene regulatory programs in distinct myeloid cells and heterogeneity of monocytes. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptomics and epigenomics of innate populations in the dLNs after vaccination.
Combination Polyene‐Caspofungin Treatment of Rhino‐Orbital‐Cerebral Mucormycosis (2008)

Combination polyene-caspofungin therapy represents a promising potential alternative to polyene monotherapy for patients with ROCM. Randomized, prospective investigation of these findings is warranted.
Three‐Dimensional Self‐Assembly of Graphene Oxide Platelets into Mechanically Flexible Macroporous Carbon Films (2010)

Graphenoxid-Plättchen können sich zu hoch geordneten und flexiblen Kohlenstoff-Filmen mit einstellbaren Porenmorphologien organisieren. Durch Dotieren mit Stickstoff werden die elektrischen Eigenschaften und Superkondensator-Charakteristika der kohlenstoffbasierten Strukturen verbessert, und eine chemische Funktionalisierung wird ermöglicht. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Pericentromeric Satellite III transcripts induce etoposide resistance (2021)

Non-coding RNA from pericentromeric satellite repeats are involved in stress-dependent splicing processes, maintenance of heterochromatin, and are required to protect genome stability. Here we show that the long non-coding satellite III RNA (SatIII) generates resistance against the topoisomerase IIa (TOP2A) inhibitor etoposide in lung cancer. Because heat shock conditions (HS) protect cells against the toxicity of etoposide, and SatIII is significantly induced under HS, we hypothesized that the protective effect could be traced back to SatIII. Using genome methylation profiles of patient-derived xenograft mouse models we show that the epigenetic modification of the SatIII DNA locus and the resulting SatIII expression predict chemotherapy resistance. In response to stress, SatIII recruits TOP2A to nuclear stress bodies, which protects TOP2A from a complex formation with etoposide and results in decreased DNA damage after treatment. We show that BRD4 inhibitors reduce the expression of SatIII, restoring etoposide sensitivity.
Dual signal subspace projection (DSSP): a novel algorithm for removing large interference in biomagnetic measurements (2016)

The proposed DSSP algorithm is effective for removing overlapped interference in a wide variety of biomagnetic measurements.
Syntheses and odour descriptions of cyclopropanated compounds: 4.1 modiﬁcation of aliphatic dienols (2003)

Abstract Several long‐chain aliphatic dienols used as commercial odourants were modiﬁed with cyclopropane rings, and their characteristics were examined. We used commercially available (2 E , 4 E )‐2, 4‐decadien‐1‐ol, (3 Z , 6 Z )‐3, 6‐nonadien‐1‐ol, and (2 E , 6 Z )‐2, 6‐nonadien‐1‐ol as parent compounds. Monocyclopropanation of the two double bonds in each compound resulted in a signiﬁcant increase of odour quality. However, dicyclopropanated analogues lost their original odour quality and intensity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐rate co‐simulation of power system transients using dynamic phasor and EMT solvers (2020)

This study presents a novel multi‐rate algorithm for the co‐simulation of power system transients using base‐frequency dynamic phasor solver for frequency adaptive simulation of transient (BFAST) and electromagnetic transient (EMT) solvers. The BFAST solver alters its solution technique from dynamic phasors to EMT based upon the frequency contents of the waveforms being simulated. A changeover algorithm between the two solvers is also presented. The BFAST solver is then integrated with an industrial‐grade EMT solver to develop a BFAST–EMT multi‐rate co‐simulator. The interface between the two solvers is established using transmission lines at the partitioning locations. The co‐simulator combines the benefits of dynamic phasors, frequency adaptive simulation of transients, parallel processing, and multi‐rate simulation. The study describes the several solution modes of the proposed co‐simulator. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy and computational benefits of the proposed co‐simulator.
Effects of cobalt additive on amorphous vanadium phosphate catalysts prepared using precipitation with supercritical CO2as an antisolvent (2002)

The effect of addition of cobalt to an amorphous vanadium phosphate for the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride is described and discussed. Cobalt is a well known promoter for crystalline vanadium phosphate catalysts and is most effective at a concentration of 1 atom % relative to vanadium. In contrast, for amorphous vanadium phosphate materials, prepared by precipitation using supercritical CO2 as an antisolvent, cobalt appears to act as a catalyst poison, decreasing both the catalyst activity and selectivity for maleic anhydride. Detailed analysis by transmission electron microscopy, 31P spin echo mapping NMR spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy is described, which highlight differences with the unmodified catalyst. It is concluded that the addition of cobalt affects the morphology of the material and the oxidation state of vanadium, and that these changes deleteriously affect the catalytic performance.