gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 284: Loss of Cardiomyocyte General Control of Amino-Acid Synthesis 5-like 1 Expression Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Exacerbates Heart Failure Progression (2018)

Background: Energy starvation resulting from impaired mitochondrial function is one of the key mechanisms of heart failure development. Emerging evidence shows that lysine acetylation is one of the critical post-translational modifications that modulates mitochondrial bioenergetic output. We have identified General Control of Amino-Acid Synthesis 5-like 1 (GCN5L1) as a key acetyltransferase protein responsible for dynamic mitochondrial protein acetylation, and that this mechanism plays an essential role in regulating fatty acid oxidation. However, the role of GCN5L1 regulation on mitochondrial function in heart failure development is unknown. Methods and results: We examined GCN5L1 expression in cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes (RNCM) challenged with hypertrophy inducer phenylepherine (PE), and in failing hearts. We found that GCN5L1 mRNA and protein expression is markedly decreased in RNCM treated with PE, and in heart failure induced by mouse transaortic constriction (TAC). In addition, total mitochondrial protein acetylation in failing hearts was significantly decreased, corresponding to the decreased levels of GCN5L1. Next, we investigated the impact of decreased level of GCN5L1 on mitochondrial function and cardiac function in response to pathological stress. We found that GCN5L1 knockdown by shRNA in RNCM results in a decrease in basal oxygen consumption rate and ATP-linked respiration upon PE stimulation. More importantly, knocking down GCN5L1 in the presence of PE exacerbates the RNCM hypertrophic response assessed by increased cellular area and elevated ANP and BNP. Consistent with these in vitro studies, cardiac specific GCN5L1 knockout mice subjected to TAC display accelerated cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, compared to WT littermates (fractional shortening 15.7% vs 26.4%, n=6-7 in each group, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: GCN5L1 plays a critical role in mitochondrial function and cardiac bioenergetics in response to stress. Impaired GCN5L1 function might be one of the key mechanisms of metabolic derangement in heart failure development, and could be a promising therapeutic target.
A 220-nA 32-kHz Crystal Oscillator with Wide Voltage Range (1.0–5.5 V) for Battery-Operated Microcontrollers (2012)

Most microcontrollers (MCUs) have a real-time clock function driven by a 32-kHz crystal oscillator. A low-power 32-kHz crystal oscillator for operation in battery-operated MCUs over a wide voltage range (1.0–5.5 V) is described. The circuit features a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) bias-current generator to ensure an oscillation margin and an adaptive comparator for detecting small oscillation signals with little effect from by process and temperature variations. Experimental results indicate that the circuit achieves a small operating current of only 220 nA while ensuring a 10-times oscillation margin with a low- C L (3.1 pF) quartz crystal, providing sufficient noise tolerance and quick start-up. The duty cycle is 40–60% and start-up time is less than 0.6 s. This circuit is expected to realize the smallest MCU standby current of 420 nA.
Prototype reflectivity analyses of hydrogen storage levels in single-walled carbon nanotubes (2004)

A prototype case study is presented that examines the level of hydrogen content in H-SWNTs using the Surface Plasmon Resonance technique. The damping effect and the angular shift in the resonance minimum of an SWNT-gold interface due to the presence of hydrogen is analyzed using a parametric model, which is based on the concept of an effective permittivity. The new approach provides for a non-invasive analysis of the level of hydrogen content in H-SWNTs and is potentially extendable to other carbon-based hydrogen storage materials.
Fabricate : negotiating design & making (2014)

Following the inaugural FABRICATE Conference 2011 in London, the most important forum for international discussion on digital fabrication in architecture has resumed by Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler at ETH Zurich. In contrast to the projects presented in 2011 at the Bartlett School of Architecture, which were balanced between practice and research, the questions about design and materialisation in architecture, construction, engineering, manufacturing, material and software design currently seem to be driven more by research institutions and young start-up entrepreneurs than by architectural practice. While digital fabrication technologies are becoming common practice in architecture for prototyping as well as in the realisation of buildings, contemporary research does not just investigate their further development, but presents ways to integrate them already in an early design phase - to definitely overcome the still prevalent separation of design and making.
56. 2,2′-Bipyrroles (1963)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Brewster Angle Microscopy Study of a Magnetic Nanoparticle/Polymer Complex at the Air/Water Interface (1996)

The Langmuir layer behavior of a polymer/magnetite nanoparticle complex at the air/water interface was studied beyond the liquid-expanded region with Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The copolymer surfactant was poly(octadecene-co-maleic anhydride) (POMA) with an average molecular weight of 30 000. The subphase was an aqueous colloidal solution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8.5 ± 1.3 nm. In comparison to the case of a pure water subphase, the surface pressure versus specific area isotherm of the POMA was significantly expanded in the presence of the nanoparticles in the subphase. At 24 mN/m a phase transition was observed between the liquid-expanded and the liquid-condensed states. In the absence of the magnetite nanoparticles the POMA monolayer exhibited no domains as observed with BAM. In the presence of nanoparticles, formation of domains, was observed at surface pressures of 24 mN/m or higher. The domain size increased with surface pressure, suggesting the growth of a two-dimensional solid complex in the liquid-compressed monolayer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the Langmuir layer deposited on a TEM grid showed the presence of magnetite particles.
Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendron Conjugates for Surface Remodeling of Adenovirus 5 (2020)

Amphiphilic surface groups play an important role in many biological processes. The synthesis of amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer branches (dendrons), providing alternating hydrophilic and lipophilic surface groups and one reactive ethynyl group at the core is reported. The amphiphilic surface groups serve as biorecognition units that bind to the surface of adenovirus 5 (Ad5), which is a common vector in gene therapy. The Ad5/dendron complexes showed high gene transduction efficiencies in coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)-negative cells. Moreover, the dendrons offer incorporation of new functions at the dendron core by in situ post-modifications, even when bound to the Ad5 surface. Surfaces coated with these dendrons were analyzed for their blood-protein binding capacity, which is essential to predict their performance in the blood stream. A new platform for introducing bioactive groups to the Ad5 surface without chemically modifying the virus particles is provided.
Extracorporeal Blood Purification in Sepsis and Sepsis-Related Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complicating feature of sepsis, and is associated with greater complexity of care and higher mortality. Until recently, AKI lacked a standard, widely accepted definition, rendering it difficult to compare previously published strategies to prevent, recognize and treat this entity. Recently, the RIFLE classification of AKI has been developed, and confirmed in observational studies to be associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality. The management of sepsis-related AKI is evolving with new basic discoveries and ongoing translational clinical research, and will likely include nephroprotective strategies to protect kidneys in patients at risk, early recognition and amelioration of renal damage and pharmacological interventions to minimize injury and promote recovery. Furthermore, extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) has an important role to play, not only in the replacement of certain aspects of renal organ function such as acid-base/electrolyte homeostasis and extracellular fluid volume, but also in an immunomodulatory fashion. As a therapy that has the potential to influence the course of disease in sepsis, EBP in sepsis and sepsis-related AKI is the subject of this review.
Cell surface Glut1 levels distinguish human CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte subsets with distinct effector functions (2016)

CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte activation requires the generation of sufficient energy to support new biosynthetic demands. Following T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, these requirements are met by an increased glycolysis, due, at least in part, to induction of the Glut1 glucose transporter. As Glut1 is upregulated on tumor cells in response to hypoxia, we assessed whether surface Glut1 levels regulate the antigen responsiveness of human T lymphocytes in both hypoxic and atmospheric oxygen conditions. Notably, Glut1 upregulation in response to TCR stimulation was significantly higher in T lymphocytes activated under hypoxic as compared to atmospheric oxygen conditions. Furthermore, TCR-stimulated human T lymphocytes sorted on the basis of Glut1-Lo and Glut1-Hi profiles maintained distinct characteristics, irrespective of the oxygen tension. While T cells activated in hypoxia divided less than those activated in atmospheric oxygen, Glut1-Hi lymphocytes exhibited increased effector phenotype acquisition, augmented proliferation, and an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio in both oxygen conditions. Moreover, Glut1-Hi T lymphocytes exhibited a significantly enhanced ability to produce IFN-γ and this secretion potential was completely dependent on continued glycolysis. Thus, Glut1 surface levels identify human T lymphocytes with distinct effector functions in both hypoxic and atmospheric oxygen tensions.
Boundaries for the Honeycomb Code (2022)

We introduce a simple construction of boundary conditions for the honeycomb code \cite{honeycomb} that uses only pairwise checks and allows parallelogram geometries at the cost of modifying the bulk measurement sequence. We discuss small instances of the code.
Pore-scale statistics of flow and transport through porous media (2018)

Flow in porous media is known to be largely affected by pore morphology. In this work, we investigate the effects of pore geometry on the transport and spatial correlations of flow through porous media in two distinct pore structures arising from three-dimensional assemblies of overlapping and nonoverlapping spheres. Using high-resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS), we perform Eulerian and Lagrangian analysis of the flow and transport characteristics in porous media. We show that the Eulerian velocity distributions change from nearly exponential to Gaussian distributions as porosity increases. A stretched exponential distribution can be used to represent this behavior for a wide range of porosities. Evolution of Lagrangian velocities is studied for the uniform injection rule. Evaluation of tortuosity and trajectory length distributions of each porous medium shows that the model of overlapping spheres results in higher tortuosity and more skewed trajectory length distributions compared to the model of nonoverlapping spheres. Wider velocity distribution and higher tortuosity for overlapping spheres model give rise to non-Fickian transport while transport in nonoverlapping spheres model is found to be Fickian. Particularly, for overlapping spheres model our analysis of first-passage time distribution shows that the transport is very similar to those observed for sandstone. Finally, using three-dimensional (3D) velocity field obtained by DNS at the pore-scale, we quantitatively show that despite the randomness of pore-space, the spatially fluctuating velocity field and the 3D pore-space distribution are strongly correlated for a range of porous media from relatively homogeneous monodisperse sphere packs to Castlegate sandstone.
Sequence diversity of the polymorphic exons of chimpanzee and human <i>MHC-B</i> alleles. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Pairwise nucleotide differences (p-distances) in the sequences of exons 2 and 3 were calculated for each set of comparisons listed. “&lt;i&gt;P.t.s.&lt;/i&gt;” is &lt;i&gt;P. t. schweinfurthii&lt;/i&gt;; “&lt;i&gt;P.t.v.&lt;/i&gt;” is &lt;i&gt;P. t. verus&lt;/i&gt;; “&lt;i&gt;P.t.t.&lt;/i&gt;” is &lt;i&gt;P. t. troglodytes&lt;/i&gt;. The number of alleles in each set being compared is given in parentheses. Histogram distributions and statistics are given in &lt;a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002144#pbio.1002144.s012" target="_blank"&gt;S4 Fig&lt;/a&gt;. The alleles used to generate the p-distances are listed in &lt;a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002144#pbio.1002144.s014" target="_blank"&gt;S6 Fig&lt;/a&gt;, and their sequences are included in &lt;a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002144#pbio.1002144.s002" target="_blank"&gt;S2 Data&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
Batteries and a Sustainable Modern Society (2016)

After outlining the urgent need for realization of clean electrical energy generated by the sun for a sustainable modern society and the constraints of electrochemistry for this realization in a low-cost, safe rechargeable battery of long cycle life, recent advances in materials chemistry are outlined that provide an optimistic view that this realization may be possible in the relatively near future.
Mechanical effect on the electronic properties of molecular wires (2000)

The coupling of mechanical-electronic properties of one-dimensional (1D) conducting linear conjugated molecules (molecular wires) is investigated. An extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian considering the effect of a mechanical stretch is developed. It is found, based on this extended Hamiltonian, that the \ensuremath{\pi}-electron band gap of pristine polyacetylene decreases with the increase in the strength of the stretch, indicating the role of stretch to change a transition of electrical properties of polyacetylene from insulator to semiconductor. The dimerization amplitudes decrease with the increase in the degree of stretch, indicating the role of the stretch to induce a conformation change from dimerized to undimerized structure. The effect of electron-phonon coupling on the speed of sound in polyacetylene is also determined, using a simple step, and the same result as the commonly accepted one is obtained. The electron transfer rates in a donor-bridge-acceptor system are found to increase with the application of a stretch. This result suggests an alternative scheme to enhance the conductivity of a conjugated chain instead of by doping or the use of transversal electric field. The possible application of molecular wires as a molecules balance is also outlined.
Hemostasis and Sealing of Air Leaks in the Lung Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2007)

Intraoperative HIFU might provide an effective method of hemostasis and control of air leaks from lacerations caused by trauma.
Performance of Reduced Order Models of Moving Heat Source Deposition Problems for Efficient Inverse Analysis (2014)

In order to reduce the demanding computational requirements for the numerical solution of problems involving heat transfer problems of moving heat source deposition, we present an approach utilizing reduced order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition and associated Galerkin projection. We subsequently describe the finite element implementation of solution methodology for both the full order and the reduced order models, as well as the respective computational implementation details. Using this methodology, we performed a sensitivity analysis for a problem of a moving heat source to investigate the performance characteristics of the relevant reduced order model size and present the efficiency of the approach. We demonstrated the efficiency of the reduced models for performing inverse analysis.
Graphene-Based Wireless Agile Interconnects for Massive Heterogeneous Multi-Chip Processors (2022)

The main design principles in computer architecture have recently shifted from a monolithic scaling-driven approach to the development of heterogeneous architectures that tightly co-integrate multiple specialized processor and memory chiplets. In such data-hungry multi-chip architectures, current Networks-in-Package (NiPs) may not be enough to cater to their heterogeneous and fast-changing communication demands. This position article makes the case for wireless in-package networking as the enabler of efficient and versatile wired-wireless interconnect fabrics for massive heterogeneous processors. To that end, the use of graphene-based antennas and transceivers with unique frequency-beam reconfigurability in the terahertz band is proposed. The feasibility of such a wireless vision and the main research challenges toward its realization are analyzed from the technological, communications, and computer architecture perspectives.
Maximal Correlation Secrecy (2015)

This paper shows that the Hirschfeld-Gebelein- Rényi maximal correlation between the message and the ciphertext provides good secrecy guarantees for cryptosystems that use short keys. We first establish a bound on the eavesdropper's advantage in guessing functions of the message in terms of maximal correlation and the Rényi entropy of the message. This result implies that the maximal correlation is stronger than the notion of entropic security introduced by Russell and Wang. We then show that a small maximal correlation ρ can be achieved via a randomly generated cipher with key length ≈ 2 log(1/ρ), independent of the message length, and by a stream cipher with key length 2 log(1/ρ) + logn + 2 for a message of length n. We establish a converse showing that these ciphers are close to optimal. This is in contrast with the entropic security for which there is a gap between the lower and upper bounds. Finally, we show that a small maximal correlation implies secrecy with respect to several mutual information-based criteria but is not necessarily implied by them. Hence, maximal correlation is a stronger and more practically relevant measure of secrecy than the mutual information.
Analisi del meccanismo fisiologico della risposta del sistema occhio-cervello a variazioni di luminanza (2005)

Il flicker, ossia “l’impressione di instabilità della percezione visiva indotta da uno stimolo luminoso la cui luminanza o la cui distribuzione spettrale fluttuano nel tempo”, è causato dalla fluttuazione della tensione di alimentazione della sorgente luminosa. La misura di tale effetto avviene, secondo la norma internazionale, in modo indiretto, ossia elaborando opportunamente il segnale rappresentante tale tensione sulla base di un modello riferito a una lampada ad incandescenza da 230 V, 50 Hz, 60 W. Come noto vi è una assenza di correlazione fra l’informazione fornita da questo tipo di strumento e ciò che un essere umano percepisce nel caso di sorgente luminosa di tipo diverso. E’ altresì largamente condivisa l’idea che solo attraverso una misura di flicker basata sull’analisi della radiazione luminosa possa fornire informazioni attendibili. Per fare questo è però necessario avere a disposizione un modello della risposta del sistema occhio-cervello alle variazioni di luminanza. In questo lavoro vengono riassunti i principali risultati ottenuti a tal proposito.
Data Supplement from Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Block Tumor Growth Both by Lytic Activity and IFNγ-Dependent Cell-Cycle Arrest (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primer pairs used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of the inclusive 3-jet production differential cross section in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV and determination of the strong coupling constant in the TeV range (2015)

This paper presents a measurement of the inclusive 3-jet production differential cross section at a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb-1 collected with the CMS detector. The analysis is based on the three jets with the highest transverse momenta. The cross section is measured as a function of the invariant mass of the three jets in a range of 445–3270 GeV and in two bins of the maximum rapidity of the jets up to a value of 2. A comparison between the measurement and the prediction from perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order is performed. Within uncertainties, data and theory are in agreement. The sensitivity of the observable to the strong coupling constant αS is studied. A fit to all data points with 3-jet masses larger than 664 GeV gives a value of the strong coupling constant of αS(MZ)=0.1171±0.0013(exp)-0.0047+0.0073(theo).
Cinephotographic observations of particle removal from a surface by acoustic cavitation (2008)

It is commonly believed that ultrasonic cleaners remove particles from a surface through acoustic cavitation, presumably in which a pulsating bubble interacts directly with the particle. We are unaware of any direct evidence of this interaction. Recently, however, we have used a high-speed movie camera to observe the removal of biofilm attached to a solid surface during exposure to a cavitation field. The biofilm consisted of Streptococcus mutans, a common oral bacterium, grown on a glass slide and observed under magnification to be both thinly coating the glass surface and clustered in larger colonies. The cavitation field was created by an UltreoTM toothbrush which combines both vibrating bristles and an ultrasound transducer with waveguide, operating at a frequency of 324 kHz. When the waveguide was immersed in water containing bubbles from an ultrasound contrast agent (OptisonTM), visual observations could be made with the naked eye of biofilm removal. With high-speed cinephotography, it was possible to observe bacteria removal by the direct interaction of a cavitation bubble (cloud) and the colony. These observations will be presented along with our interpretations of the data. [Work supported in part by UltreoTM, Inc.]
Honing the accuracy of extreme-ultraviolet optical system testing: at-wavelength and visible-light measurements of the ETS Set-2 projection optic (2002)

As the quality of optical systems for extreme ultraviolet lithography improves, high-accuracy wavefront metrology for alignment and qualification becomes ever more important. To enable the development of diffraction-limited EUV projection optics, visible-light and EUV interferometries must work in close collaboration. We present a detailed comparison of EUV and visible-light wavefront measurements performed across the field of view of a lithographic-quality EUV projection optical system designed for use in the Engineering Test Stand developed by the Virtual National Laboratory and the EUV Limited Liability Company. The comparisons reveal that the present level of RMS agreement lies in the 0.3-0.4-nm range. Astigmatism is the most significant aberration component for the alignment of this optical system; it is also the dominant term in the discrepancy, and the aberration with the highest measurement uncertainty. With EUV optical systems requiring total wavefront quality in the (lambda) <SUB>EUV</SUB>/50 range, and even higher surface-figure quality for the individual mirror elements, improved accuracy through future comparisons, and additional studies, are required.