gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Technologies for Reservoir Mapping: Strategic R&D directions (2019)

Summary Accurate reservoir saturation mapping and monitoring is a critical challenge for oil companies. The vision is to develop deep sensing technologies, which enable a game changing impact to support intelligent field developments, with time-lapsed saturation monitoring capabilities. Electromagnetic (EM) methods, among others such as seismic and gravity, have a potential pivotal role in this vision. Research and development (R&amp;D) strategies have to be put in place in the industry to allow their massive and cost effective deployment, beside the current promising pilot testing status. In this work, we analyze in detail potential R&amp;D pathways, following the classical approaches for innovation: incremental and disruptive.
Replacing AgTSSCH2‐R with AgTSO2C‐R in EGaIn‐Based Tunneling Junctions Does Not Significantly Change Rates of Charge Transport (2014)

Abstract This paper compares rates of charge transport by tunneling across junctions with the structures Ag TS X(CH 2 ) 2 n CH 3 //Ga 2 O 3 /EGaIn ( n =1–8 and X= SCH 2  and O 2 C); here Ag TS is template‐stripped silver, and EGaIn is the eutectic alloy of gallium and indium. Its objective was to compare the tunneling decay coefficient ( β , Å −1 ) and the injection current ( J 0 , A cm −2 ) of the junctions comprising SAMs of n ‐alkanethiolates and n ‐alkanoates. Replacing Ag TS SCH 2 ‐R with Ag TS O 2 C‐R (R=alkyl chains) had no significant influence on J 0 (ca. 3×10 3 A cm −2 ) or β (0.75–0.79 Å −1 )—an indication that such changes (both structural and electronic) in the Ag TS XR interface do not influence the rate of charge transport. A comparison of junctions comprising oligo(phenylene)carboxylates and n ‐alkanoates showed, as expected, that β for aliphatic (0.79 Å −1 ) and aromatic (0.60 Å −1 ) SAMs differed significantly.
Inhibition of Antiskin Allograft Immunity Induced by Infusions with Photoinactivated Effector T Lymphocytes (PET Cells). Is In Vivo Cell Transferrable? (1991)

We previously reported producing donor-specific tolerance to alloantigens by intravenous exposure to pretreated antidonor T cells. The current study extends that work by adoptively transferring the donor-specific tolerance into naive syngeneic recipients. Eight days after BALB/c mice received histoincompatible CBA/j skin grafts, their splenocytes which included an expanded population of cells mediating rejection were treated with 100 ng/ml 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) photoactivated by 1 Joule/cm2 of ultraviolet A (UVA) light prior to infusion into naive BALB/c recipients. Whereas 8-MOP itself is biologically inert, photoactivated 8-MOP crosslinks DNA by covalently binding to pyrimidine bases. Recipient BALB/c mice which had been previously demonstrated to be hyporesponsive to CBA/j alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), cytotoxicity (CTL) and in vivo delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assays were the donors of spleen cells for the adoptive transfer experiments. Fifty to one hundred million viable spleen cells from these pretreated BALB/c mice were transferred into naive syngeneic recipients which then were tested for DTH response and allograft survival to the relevant and irrelevant antigens. The radiosensitivity of this transferrable suppression was evaluated by exposing the adoptively transferred cell population to 3200 rads of C-irradiation prior to cell transfer. The phenotype of the cells transferring this suppressive response was performed by depleting specific populations of cells with monoclonal antibodies prior to cell transfer. In vivo the DTH response of the pretreated BALB/c mice was specifically suppressed to the relevant alloantigen, correlating with retention of CBA/j skin grafts for up to 42 days post engraftment without visual evidence of rejection, in comparison to control mice complete rejection of the skin graft in less than 8 days. In vitro, splenocytes from BALB/c recipients of pretreated syngeneic splenocytes containing large numbers of BALB/c anti-CBA/j T cells proliferated less in MLC and generated lower cytotoxic T cell responses to CBA/j alloantigens than did controls and suppressed the naive and sensitized BALB/c MLC and CTL responses to CBA/j alloantigen. This specific suppressive response to alloantigen was optimally transferred into syngeneic naive recipients when the adoptive transfer was performed on the sixth day after the last infusion received by the spleen cell donor mice. The adoptive transfer of this suppressive response was abrogated by the prior X-irradiation of the donor spleen cells and significantly abolished by the depletion of Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, L3T4- T lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultrastructural localization of specific gonococcal macromolecules with antibody-gold sphere immunological probes (1984)

In an effort to determine the ultrastructural location of specific macromolecules on the surface of intact microorganisms and in experimentally infected tissues, a new method of rapidly conjugating antibodies to gold spheres via a staphylococcal protein A intermediary has been developed. This new technique provides the excellent density of marking and versatility of sphere size provided by existing gold methods, but decreases preparation time, decreases the chance of bacterial contamination of antibody reagents, and increases specificity of marking. Staphylococcal protein A-coated gold spheres were conjugated with antibodies from rabbits immunized with purified gonococcal pili. The resulting gold-antibody conjugates allowed demonstration of antibody binding to pilus structures of the same gonococcal strain whose pili were used to raise the antibody and demonstration of the lack of antibody recognition of pilus structures on two other gonococcal strains. The failure of gold spheres to attach to isogenic nonpiliated clones of the homologous gonococcus indicated the absence of pilus antigens on the surface of these organisms. The use of a double label--small gold spheres conjugated to anti-pilus antibody and larger gold spheres conjugated to anti-protein I antibody--allowed the simultaneous localization of two gonococcal antigens.
An Unequivocal Approach to Ascertain Asymmetric Induction in the Polymer Main Chain during Enantioselective Copolymerization of 1,2-Disubstituted Olefins (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAn Unequivocal Approach to Ascertain Asymmetric Induction in the Polymer Main Chain during Enantioselective Copolymerization of 1,2-Disubstituted Olefins†Binod B. De, Swaminathan Sivaram, and Pradeep K. DhalView Author Information Division of Polymer Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, IndiaCite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1, 468–470Publication Date (Web):January 1, 1996Publication History Received7 July 1995Revised13 October 1995Published online1 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma950963whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma950963wbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Hydrocarbons,Monomers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Pancreatic Cancer Surgical Resection Margins: Molecular Assessment by Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2016)

Our findings provide evidence that the molecular information obtained by DESI-MSI/Lasso from pancreatic tissue samples has the potential to transform the evaluation of surgical specimens. With further development, we believe the described methodology could be routinely used for intraoperative surgical margin assessment of pancreatic cancer.
Molecular treatment stratification in second-line treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: PePaCaKa-001 (2018)

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is highly resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and several trials of molecularly targeted drugs have failed. However, some tumors with specific somatic mutations respond to targeted therapy and patients might profit from treatment stratified by genetic biomarker profiles. Methods: We used MH Guide, a proprietary data tool, to annotate somatic mutation in PDAC patients who had received ≥ 1st line palliative therapy. A molecular tumor board (MTB) interpreted suggestions and matched consecutive therapies including off-lable use of any EMA-approved drug to biomarker profiles. Frequency of clinically relevant markers was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were choice of therapy, clinical outcomes and AE. Results: We enrolled 39 patients, analyzed 35 samples and had valid results from 31 tumors. The most common mutations were KRAS (n = 24), TP53 (n = 17), SMAD4 (n = 2), BRCA1/2 (n = 4; 3 germline), CDKN2A (n = 9), ATM (n = 6; 3 LOF), APC (n = 4), and MSH3 (n = 15, 1 germline). MH Guide suggested off-label treatment in 28 cases: PARP-inhibitors (n = 26), MEK/RAF inhibitors (n = 20), CDK inhibitors (n = 9), other kinase inhibitors (n = 3), mTOR inhibitors (n = 2). Common toxicity markers were: Platinum (XRCC1 n = 16; 5 homozygous, TPMT n = 1; MUTYH n = 3), paclitaxel (CYP2C8 n = 2), gemcitabine (CDA n = 4; 1homozygous), 5-FU (DPYD n = 1), doxorubicin (G6PD n = 1), docetaxel (GSTP1 n = 2), sunitinib (ABCG2 n = 2), irinotecan (ERCC2, n = 6; 5 homozygous, UGT1A1 n = 1). Three patients deceased before MTB decision and 8 prior to treatment, 5 patients were not eligible for active treatment. Seven patients received targeted treatment: Olaparib (n = 6, 1 still on treatment), palbociclib (n = 1) and remained median 84 days (range 18 – 114) on treatment. Four patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy according to MTB decision (among them one without positive markers) and in four cases cytotoxic therapy was used despite a molecularly targeted suggestion. Conclusions: Unbiased evidence-based molecular stratification of pre-treated patients with PDAC is feasible in a clinical setting. Disease progression and tissue availability are major challenges. Conclusions on clinical outcomes are limited by the study size. Clinical trial identification: NCT02767700. Legal entity responsible for the study: Karolinska University Hospital. Funding: Molecular Health GmbH (Data analysis). Disclosure: M. Kordes: Travel Grant from Molecular Health GmbH. M. Löhr: Consultant or advisory role: Molecular Health GmbH, Pharmcyte. Stock in Centogene AG. Horaria: Abbott, Mylan, Nordmark. Travel Grant: Abbott, Pharmcyte, Molecular Health GmbH. S. Kaduthanam, C. Hülsewig, K. Stecker, S. Brock: Employee of Molecular Health GmbH. J-E. Frödin: Travel grant: Amgen. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Effect of 5-methylcytidine on virus production in avian sarcoma virus-infected chicken embryo cells (1979)

5-Methylcytidine (5mC) is a minor constituent of RNA in procaryotes as well as eucaryotes. The function of this modified nucleoside is not known. We studied the effect of this compound on virus production in avian sarcoma virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. We found, surprisingly, that virus release into the medium was severely reduced in cultures treated with 5mC. In contrast to the effect of 5mC on virus release, intracellular levels of virus-specific RNA transcripts as well as the proteins were slightly elevated. Analysis of intracellular RNA transcripts on velocity gradients and virus-specific proteins in polyacrylamide gels did not reveal any qualitative differences in 5mC-treated cells compared to cytidine-treated cells. From these results we conclude that the effect of 5mC is probably at the level of virus maturation or packaging.
Site‐Specific Zwitterionic Polymer Conjugates of a Protein Have Long Plasma Circulation (2015)

Many proteins suffer from suboptimal pharmacokinetics (PK) that limit their utility as drugs. The efficient synthesis of polymer conjugates of protein drugs with tunable PK to optimize their in vivo efficacy is hence critical. We report here the first study of the in vivo behavior of a site-specific conjugate of a zwitterionic polymer and a protein. To synthesize the conjugate, we first installed an initiator for atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at the N terminus of myoglobin (Mb-N-Br). Subsequently, in situ ATRP was carried out in aqueous buffer to grow an amine-functionalized polymer from Mb-N-Br. The cationic polymer was further derivatized to two zwitterionic polymers by treating the amine groups of the cationic polymer with iodoacetic acid to obtain poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) with a one-carbon spacer (PCBMA; C1 ), and sequentially with 3-iodopropionic acid and iodoacetic acid to obtain PCBMA(mix) with a mixture of C1 and C2 spacers. The Mb-N-PCBMA polymer conjugates had a longer in vivo plasma half-life than a PEG-like comb polymer conjugate of similar molecular weights (MW). The structure of the zwitterion plays a role in controlling the in vivo behavior of the conjugate, as the PCBMA conjugate with a C1 spacer had significantly longer plasma circulation than the conjugate with a mixture of C1 and C2 spacers.
A Web-Based Method for Ontology Population (2015)

The Semantic Web, proposed by Berners-Lee, aims to make explicit the meaning of the data available on the Internet, making it possible for Web data to be processed both by people and intelligent agents. The Semantic Web requires Web data to be semantically classified and annotated with some structured representation of knowledge, such as ontologies. This chapter proposes an unsupervised, domain-independent method for extracting instances of ontological classes from unstructured data sources available on the World Wide Web. Starting with an initial set of linguistic patterns, a confidence-weighted score measure is presented integrating distinct measures and heuristics to rank candidate instances extracted from the Web. The results of several experiments are discussed achieving very encouraging results, which demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for automatic ontology population.
β2-microglobulin dependence of the lupus-like autoimmune syndrome of MRL-lpr mice (1996)

MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop a distinctive immunologic disease characterized by accumulation of unusually large numbers of T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Most of the accumulating T cells express an alpha beta-TCR but are peculiar in that they express neither CD4 nor CD8 co-ligands. Concurrent with lymphoaccumulation of such double negative (DN) T cells, MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop a lethal systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune syndrome. This study focuses on the role of MHC class I molecules in this latter pathologic process. Highly backcrossed class I molecule-deficient MRL and MRL-lpr mice carrying a functionally defective allele of the gene beta 2-microglobulin (B2m) were produced. Class I deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice demonstrated a substantial reduction in DN T cells, confirming other reports indicating that most DN T cells arise from progenitors positively selected on MHC class I molecules. Significantly, class I-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice also demonstrated a diminution of every autoimmune disease indicator analyzed including hypergammaglobulinemia; autoantibodies including anti-DNA, anti-Smith antigen, and rheumatoid factor; and glomerulonephritis. The results indicate that class I-dependent T cells are crucial not only for the development of DN T cells, but for multiple features of the MRL-lpr/lpr systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome. Moreover, the pattern of hypergammaglobulinemia suggests that the requirement for MHC class I proteins is restricted temporally to later stages of the disease.
Nanoscale Tungsten Trioxide Synthesized by In Situ Twin Polymerization (2009)

Step aside, sol–gel! Nanoscale tungsten oxide with large BET surface area is available through the presented in situ twin polymerization method. In only one process step, nanostructured hybrid materials are synthesized from WCl6 and cationic polymerizable aryl methanols. This procedure forms a bridge between the non-aqueous sol–gel process and twin polymerization and opens new perspectives for the synthesis of various nanostructured metals oxides.
Anatomic Hip Center Decreases Aseptic Loosening Rates After Total Hip Arthroplasty with Cement in Patients with Crowe Type-II Dysplasia (2016)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Signals delivered through TCR instruct IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression: IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α synergize for IL-12R expression at low antigen dose (2001)

Regulation of the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) beta2 chain has been suggested to function as a molecular switch in determining T cell phenotype. However, because most studies have been carried out under conditions in which cell proliferation was occurring, it has been difficult to distinguish between instructive and selective mechanisms in regulating this key receptor. Here, in the course of trying to understand the mechanism for synergy between IL-12 and TNF-alpha in up-regulating IFN-gamma production, we find that when the stimulus through the TCR is too weak to induce cell proliferation, which would be needed for selection, IL-12 and TNF-alpha synergize to up-regulate not only IFN-gamma, but also the IL-12Rbeta2 chain, which triggers IFN-gamma production. Neither cytokine alone was sufficient. This observation held true both in the absence of antigen-presenting cells (APC), when the stimulus was anti-CD3 on plastic, and in the presence of APC presenting ovalbumin peptide to TCR-transgenic T cells. In contrast, when the TCR signal was stronger, no cytokines were necessary to up-regulate the IL-12R. Our results support the strength of signal model in instructing Th phenotype, and suggest both an instructive role and, later, through the production of IFN-gamma, a selective role, of this synergistic combination of cytokines in the preferential differentiation and expansion of Th1 cells.
1/f noise degradation caused by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling stress in MOSFETs (2003)

We focus on 1/f noise appearing in MOSFETs. In wafer fabrication, plasma discharges are often used for processes such as etching, photoresist ashing and plasma enhanced CVD. After gate electrode formation, an electrical field higher than the device operation limit might be applied between the gate and substrate because of so-called plasma damage. Such high field stress can result in a significant increase in low frequency noise in MOSFETs. The purpose of this work is to investigate in detail the degradation of 1/f noise levels caused by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling stress.
Structural Origin of Thermodynamic Interactions in Blends of Saturated Hydrocarbon Polymers (1994)

The thermodynamic interactions in blends of saturated hydrocarbon polymers originate from induced-dipole forces, and they differ in subtle but important ways, depending on the component structures. In this paper we use six model polyolefins, four statistical copolymers and two alternating copolymers, to examine some of the ways that have been suggested for organizing and interpretating these structural effects-statistical segment length mismatch, random copolymer theory, and the solubility parameter formalism. The polymers and their partially deuterated counterparts are components in an interconnected matrix of miscible binary blends for which the interactions were determined by small-angle neutron scattering. The interactions, quantified as Flory-Huggins interaction parameters, were broadly consistent with the length-mismatch idea, but some notable exceptions were found. Interpretations based on random copolymer theory provided homopolymer interaction parameters which conflicted with diblock copolymer results and other blend data. Tests of consistency with solubility parameter ideas were applied to the matrix of blends. The results for one component pair indicated strongly anomalous mixing, but those for all other pairs were consistent with the uniqueness criterion of the theory. Solubility parameters estimated from PVT measurements on the pure components agreed fairly well with assignments based on the measured interactions. Some inconsistencies remain, however, between diblock copolymer results and the solubility parameter formulation.
Reproducibility of 18F-FDG microPET Studies in Mouse Tumor Xenografts (2007)

(18)F-FDG small-animal PET mouse xenograft studies were reproducible with moderately low variability. Therefore, serial small-animal PET studies may be performed with reasonable accuracy to measure tumor response to therapy.
Improving the Configurational Stability of Chiral-at-Iron Catalysts Containing Two N-(2-Pyridyl)-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands (2022)

Recently, we introduced the first example of chiral-at-iron catalysts in which two achiral <i>N</i>-(2-pyridyl)-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in addition to two labile acetonitriles are coordinated around a central iron, to generate a stereogenic metal center [Hong Y.Chiral-at-Iron Catalyst: Expanding the Chemical Space for Asymmetric Earth-Abundant Metal Catalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2019, 141, 4569-4572]. A more facile synthesis of such chiral-at-iron catalysts was developed, which omits the use of expensive silver salts and an elaborate electrochemical setup. Configurational robustness was improved by replacing the imidazol-2-ylidene carbene moieties with benzimidazol-2-ylidenes. The π-acceptor properties of the altered NHCs were investigated by Ganter's <sup>77</sup>Se NMR method. The obtained benzimidazol-2-ylidene chiral-at-iron complex is an excellent catalyst for an asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reaction under open-flask conditions.
Phenserine: A Selective, Long-Acting and Brain-Directed Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Affecting Cognition and β-APP Processing (1997)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by (i) the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and angiopathy, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal loss and brain atrophy; (ii) a time-course of degenerative changes; and (iii) a correlation of some measures of pathological changes with clinical course (Wisniewski and Weigel, 1994). Although the neuropathological quantification of plaques and NFTs in the Alzheimer’s brain is the basis of confirming diagnosis after death (Khachaturian, 1985), patients initially present themselves to physicians as a consequence of a time-dependent and progressive memory loss. Indeed, it is counts of neocortical synapses rather than of plaques and NFTs that correlate best to psychometric indices of cognitive performance in AD (Terry et al., 1991). The loss of cholinergic neuronal markers, specifically the enzymes choline acetyltransferase (CT) and acetylcholinesterase (AC), in selected brain regions, the forebrain and its projection sites in the cortex and hippocampus, remains one of the earliest known schedule of events leading to AD. These are markers of synaptic loss of the most affected neurotransmitter system involved in AD and in memory processing. Whereas multiple neurotransmitter deficiencies also occur in AD, these do so always in addition to, and not instead of, the cholinergic system deficiency.