gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement method for transient programming current of 1T1R phase-change memory (2006)

This paper presents a measurement method for 1 transistor-1 resistance (1T1R), phase-change memory (PCM) devices. We fabricated a novel PCM test structure with an internal voltage measurement point, and we monitored the voltage drop between 1T and 1R. The voltage drop was accurately converted to the PCM programming current. This test structure enabled us to measure programming current of less than 100/spl mu/A with a width of 100ns. This method is essential for measuring the low-power operation of PCMs and other nonvolatile memories.
Characterization of Alzheimer's β‐Secretase Protein BACE: Processing and Other Post‐translational Modifications (2001)

Beta-amyloid, the main component of the hallmark of amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the large amyloid precursor protein. Two distinct proteoyltic activities, termed β-secretase and γ-secretase, cleave to release the amino- and carboxy-termini, respectively, of the 39–42 amino acid Beta-amyloid peptide from its precursor protein. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Beta-amyloid plays an early and critical role in Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, inhibition of Beta-amyloid appear as the most tractable targets in the Beta-amyloid formation pathway.
VIm-Scan: A Low Overhead Scan Design Approach for Protection of Secret Key in Scan-Based Secure Chips (2007)

Scan-based DFT enhances the testability of a system by making its internal nodes more observable and controllable. However, in case of a secure chip, scan chain increases its vulnerability to attack, where the attacker can extract secret information by scanning out states of internal nodes. This paper presents VIm-Scan: a low overhead scan design methodology that maintains all the advantages of a traditional scan-based testing yet prevents secure key extraction through the scan out process. Experimental results show that the proposed approach entails significantly lesser design overhead (~5times reduction in number of additional gates) with comparable or better protection against attack than existing techniques.
Search for pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decaying to jets in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter in pp collisions at s=8 TeV (2015)

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is used to search for the decay of a scalar boson to a pair of long-lived particles, neutral under the Standard Model gauge group, in 20.3 fb -1 of data collected in proton-proton collisions at
Encapsulated Cobalt Oxide on Carbon Nanotube Support as Catalyst for Selective Continuous Hydrogenation of the Showcase Substrate 1‐Iodo‐4‐nitrobenzene (2016)

Abstract A carbon nanotube supported catalyst containing cobalt/cobalt oxide (Co/Co 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles encapsulated within a shell of nitrogen‐doped graphene layers (Co 3 O 4 /NGr@CNT) was prepared. It shows excellent chemoselectivity in the hydrogenation of 1‐iodo‐4‐nitrobenzene, which contains an iodine substituent highly sensitive against hydrodehalogenation. In contrast to traditional activated charcoal‐supported catalysts such as Pt‐V/C or the closely related Vulcan carbon black supported Co 3 O 4 /NGr@C, the advantageous morphological properties of the CNT support allow for the application of the new Co 3 O 4 /NGr@CNT as a fixed bed catalyst in a continuous flow reactor. Under optimized conditions, no dehalogenation side products could be detected. This remarkable selectivity in combination with its mechanical stability under operation conditions render Co 3 O 4 /NGr@CNT a catalyst particularly relevant for application in continuous processes based on a packed bed reactor. magnified image
Le virus de Borna infecte les cellules souches neurales humaines et altère la neurogenèse (2011)

National audience
Glycoprotein Nanotube Traps Influenza Virus (2016)

We report the synthesis, structure, and influenza A virus trapping capability of protein nanotubes with an internal wall of fetuin glycoprotein. The nanotubes were fabricated via the alternating layer-by-layer assembly of human serum albumin (HSA), poly-l-arginine (PLA), and fetuin into a track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane (pore size, 800 nm), followed by dissolution of the PC template. In an aqueous medium, the (PLA/HSA)5PLA/fetuin nanotubes captured influenza A virus PR8 (H1N1) efficiently, as revealed by ELISA measurements.
Fitness Ranking of Individual Mutants Drives Patterns of Epistatic Interactions in HIV-1 (2011)

Fitness interactions between mutations, referred to as epistasis, can strongly impact evolution. For RNA viruses and retroviruses with their high mutation rates, epistasis may be particularly important to overcome fitness losses due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and thus could influence the frequency of mutants in a viral population. As human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance to azidothymidine (AZT) requires selection of sequential mutations, it is a good system to study the impact of epistasis. Here we present a thorough analysis of a classical AZT-resistance pathway (the 41-215 cluster) of HIV-1 variants by fitness measurements in single round infection assays covering physiological drug concentrations ex vivo. The sign and value of epistasis varied and did not predict the epistatic effect on the mutant frequency. This complex behavior is explained by the fitness ranking of the variants that strongly depends on environmental factors, i.e., the presence and absence of drugs and the host cells used. Although some interactions compensate fitness losses, the observed small effect on the relative mutant frequencies suggests that epistasis might be inefficient as a buffering mechanism for fitness losses in vivo. While the use of epistasis-based hypotheses to make general assumptions on the evolutionary dynamics of viral populations is appealing, our data caution their interpretation without further knowledge on the characteristics of the viral mutant spectrum under different environmental conditions.
Bariatric surgery for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A clinical and cost‐effectiveness analysis (2016)

Surgery was both effective and cost-effective for obese patients with NASH, regardless of fibrosis stage; in overweight patients, surgery increased QALYs for all patients regardless of fibrosis stage, but was cost-effective only for patients with F3 fibrosis; our results highlight the promise of bariatric surgery for treating NASH and underscore the need for clinical trials in this area. (Hepatology 2017;65:1156-1164).
Distance-driven projection and backprojection (2003)

Projection and backprojection are important processes in computed tomography (CT). They are used in iterative reconstruction, simulation, and artifact correction, as well as routine (filtered-backprojection based) reconstruction. Existing methods either have poor performance or result in artifacts. A new method for projecting and backprojecting rays through pixels is presented that has good performance and eliminates artifacts, and could potentially enable routine iterative reconstruction in clinical CT systems. The new method, which we call distance-driven, reconciles the advantages of the common pixel-driven and ray-driven methods. It avoids an artifact-inducing approximation made by the previous methods and has very favorable computational properties. The method is applicable to parallel-beam, fanbeam, and cone-beam geometries. Its performance and artifact behavior are evaluated on a two-dimensional fan-beam geometry with flat detector and compared to the pixel-driven and ray-driven approaches. The distance-driven method prevents the artifacts that are generated in the pixel-driven projection and in the ray-driven backprojection. It outperforms pixel-driven and ray-driven methods from a computational standpoint and is amenable to hardware implementation.
High mobility solution-processed n-channel organic thin film transistors (2007)

N-channel organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on N,N'-bis(n-octyl)-(1,7&1,6)-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10- bis(dicarboximide) (PDI8-CN<sub>2</sub>) were fabricated using different semiconductor film deposition methods, dielectric materials, and device structures. It was found that top -contact OTFTs fabricated on Si-SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates with drop-cast or vapor deposited films afford comparable electron mobilities (0.01-0.1 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs), much larger than those based on spin-coated PDI8-CN<sub>2</sub> films (0.001 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs). Furthermore, n-channel top-contact TFTs were fabricated using solution-processed PDI8-CN<sub>2</sub> films and a UV-curable solution-processed polymeric dielectric. These devices exhibit typical gate leakage currents < 1nA for V<sub>gate</sub> > 100V, which are negligible compared to the corresponding source/drain currents (> 0.1mA). OTFTs tested in ambient exhibit electron mobilities as high as 0.05-0.2 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs and I<sub>on</sub>:I<sub>off</sub> ~ 10<sup>5</sup>. Furthermore, I<sub>source-drain</sub>-V<sub>gate</sub> hysterisis is negligible when the OTFTs were tested in both bias directions at different V<sub>gate</sub> scan rates, demonstrating excellent insulator-semiconductor interfacial properties. Bottom-contact TFTs exhibit typical lower performance (~ &times;0.1)compared to the top-contact structure. All of the devices stored in air for several months exhibit no degradation of the device characteristics.
A Rapid Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies That Is Insensitive to Antiretroviral Drugs (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike pseudotyped virus (PSV) assays are widely used to measure neutralization titers of sera and of isolated neutralizing Abs (nAbs). PSV neutralization assays are safer than live virus neutralization assays and do not require access to biosafety level 3 laboratories. However, many PSV assays are nevertheless somewhat challenging and require at least 2 d to carry out. In this study, we report a rapid (<30 min), sensitive, cell-free, off-the-shelf, and accurate assay for receptor binding domain nAb detection. Our proximity-based luciferase assay takes advantage of the fact that the most potent SARS-CoV-2 nAbs function by blocking the binding between SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The method was validated using isolated nAbs and sera from spike-immunized animals and patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The method was particularly useful in patients with HIV taking antiretroviral therapies that interfere with the conventional PSV assay. The method provides a cost-effective and point-of-care alternative to evaluate the potency and breadth of the predominant SARS-CoV-2 nAbs elicited by infection or vaccines.
On the Path to an Ideal ROC Curve: Considering Cost Asymmetry in Learning Classifiers. (2005)

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are a standard way to display the performance of a set of binary classifiers for all feasible ratios of the costs associated with false positives and false negatives. For linear classifiers, the set of classifiers is typically obtained by training once, holding constant the estimated slope and then varying the intercept to obtain a parameterized set of classifiers whose performances can be plotted in the ROC plane. In this paper, we consider the alternative of varying the asymmetry of the cost function used for training. We show that the ROC curve obtained by varying the intercept and the asymmetry—and hence the slope—always outperforms the ROC curve obtained by varying only the intercept. In addition, we present a path-following algorithm for the support vector machine (SVM) that can compute efficiently the entire ROC curve, that has the same computational properties as training a single classifier. Finally, we provide a theoretical analysis of the relationship between the asymmetric cost model assumed when training a classifier and the cost model assumed in applying the classifier. In particular, we show that the mismatch between the step function used for testing and its convex upper bounds usually used for training leads to a provable and quantifiable difference around extreme asymmetries. 1
Antimicrobial peptides: the mode of action and perspectives of practical application (2011)

This review deals with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that demonstrate antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. It considers structure and mechanism of AMP interaction with lipid membrane and intracellular targets of pathogens. Special attention is paid to modern state and perspectives of AMP practical application and also to approaches that increase efficacy and reduce toxicity of AMP by chemical modification of their structure.
Nocardia vermiculata sp. nov. and Nocardia thailandica sp. nov. Isolated from Clinical Specimens (2004)

The taxonomic positions of actinomycetes isolated from clinical specimens in Japan and Thailand were examined using a polyphasic approach. The strains IFM 0391T and IFM 10145T were found to have morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with their classification in the genus Nocardia. DNA-DNA hybridization, coupled with sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, indicated that these strains belong to two new species of the genus Nocardia: Nocardia vermiculata for IFM 0391T (=NBRC 1000427T = JCM 12345T = DSM 44807T), and Nocardia thailandica for IFM 10145T (=NBRC 100428T = JCM 12356T = DSM 44808T).
Data from Natural product derivative Bis(4-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide inhibits tumor growth by modification of β-tubulin at Cys 12 and suppression of microtubule dynamics (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Bis(4-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide (BFBTS) is a synthetic molecule derived from a bioactive natural product, dibenzyltrisulfide, found in a subtropical shrub, Petiveria allieacea. BFBTS has potent anticancer activities to a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values from high nanomolar to low micromolar and showed equal anticancer potency between tumor cell lines overexpressing multidrug-resistant gene, &lt;i&gt;MDR1&lt;/i&gt; (MCF7/adr line and KBv200 line), and their parental MCF7 line and KB lines. BFBTS inhibited microtubule polymerization dynamics in MCF7 cells, at a low nanomolar concentration of 54 nmol/L, while disrupting microtubule filaments in cells at low micromolar concentration of 1 μmol/L. Tumor cells treated with BFBTS were arrested at G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-M phase, conceivably resulting from BFBTS-mediated antimicrotubule activities. Mass spectrometry studies revealed that BFBTS bound and modified β-tubulin at residue Cys12, forming β-tubulin-SS-fluorobenzyl. The binding site differs from known antimicrotubule agents, suggesting that BFBTS functions as a novel antimicrotubule agent. BFBTS at a dose of 25 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth with relative tumor growth rates of 19.91%, 18.5%, and 23.42% in A549 lung cancer, Bcap-37 breast cancer, and SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenografts, respectively. Notably, BFBTS was more potent against MDR1-overexpressing MCF7/adr breast cancer xenografts with a relative tumor growth rate of 12.3% than paclitaxel with a rate of 43.0%. BFBTS displays a novel antimicrotubule agent with potentials for cancer therapeutics. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12):3318–30]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
System Design and Performance for Antenna Reservation in Massive MIMO (2022)

Peak to average power (PAPR) reduction of OFDM signals is critical in order to improve power amplifier (PA) efficiency in base stations. For massive MIMO, the complexity of these methods can become a real bottleneck in implementing low power digital signal processing chains. In this work, we consider an antenna reservation technique, which uses a low complexity clipping method to reduce signal peaks and leverages the benefit of massive antennas, by reserving a subset of antennas in order to compensate for the clipping distortion. Reserving antennas on the other hand reduces the potential array gain in the massive MIMO system, complicating the application of antenna reservation. This work explores various design space parameters in antenna reservation such as number of reserved antennas, amount of peak reduction and clipping methods. We investigate the impact of these parameters on the error vector magnitude at the user and on the adjacent channel power ratio at both transmitter and user positions. Our results enable a deeper understanding of antenna reservation as a low complexity PAPR reduction method in massive MIMO systems.
Permeation of butane isomers through 6FDA‐DAM dense films (2011)

Abstract Permeation of mixtures of butane isomers through 6FDA‐DAM (2,2‐bis(3,4‐carboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride–diaminomesitylene) dense films is shown to deviate from the dual‐mode transport model, even if one accounts for nonideal bulk flow effects. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the deviations observed. Both hypotheses relate to an apparently much slower exchange rate of the bulky i ‐butane molecule versus n ‐butane isomer between Henry's Law and Langmuir sorption sites in the rigid matrix. The first hypothesis suggests a change in the equilibrium isotherm for normal butane, due to the presence of i ‐butane. A model is considered to account for the change in local equilibrium and to improve the description of experimental data compared to the dual‐mode transport model accounting for bulk flow. The second hypothesis considers an effect on the accessible unrelaxed volume associated with the Langmuir capacity of one penetrant due to the presence of the second penetrant. We introduce an empirical parameter representing this effect for each penetrant in the n / i ‐butane system. Models based on either hypothesis show some improvement to the dual‐mode transport model accounting for bulk flow, in making mixed gas predictions; however, the second model gives a much better fit to experimental data. Further experimentation is required to provide a physical basis for the empirical factor in the second model, thereby allowing generalization of the observations reported here. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1605–1620, 2011
Measurements of the Effects of Decellularization on Viscoelastic Properties of Tissues in Ovine, Baboon, and Human Heart Valves (2011)

In the development of tissue-engineered heart valves based on allograft decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds, the material properties of the implant should be ideally comparable to the native semilunar valves. This investigation of the viscoelastic properties of the three functional aortic/pulmonary valve tissues (leaflets, sinus wall, and great vessel wall) was undertaken to establish normative values for fresh samples of human valves and to compare these properties after various steps in creating scaffolds for subsequent bioreactor-based seeding protocols. Torsional wave methods were used to measure the viscoelastic properties. Since preclinical surgical implant validation studies require relevant animal models, the tests reported here also include results for three pairs of both ovine and baboon aortic and pulmonary valves. For human aortic valves, four cryopreserved valves were compared with four decellularized scaffolds. Because of organ and heart valve transplant scarcity for pulmonary valves, only three cryopreserved and two decellularized pulmonary valves were tested. Leaflets are relatively soft. Loss angles are similar for all tissue samples. Regardless of species, the decellularization process used in this study has little effect on viscoelastic properties.
System Level Thermal Evaluation and Optimization of an Automotive Module Incorporating Several Power Packages (2005)

The conjugate thermal performance of a microelectronics module incorporating several power packages and additional passive components in a custom environment is evaluated and further optimized using numerical simulation and experimental validation. The automotive industry deals on a daily basis with various package and module-level thermal issues when managing the routing of very high current. The study provides a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the IC packaging incorporation into a system module level, for both present and future product development. The reference design is evaluated at a system level, and several improvements are identified to enhance the overall thermal performance. The main concern is the possibility of exceeding the thermal budget for the large system incorporating seven power packages with additional sources of heat dissipation in an enclosure, at an external ambient temperature of 85°C. The overall thermal impact of the metal trace dissipation, header heating and other passive components under various powered conditions is evaluated. An additional revised model includes additional passive components (32 LD SOIC and QFN packages) on the PCB, a modified harness extending ∼ 30.4 cm outside the enclosure, and additional heating in the connectors. Several additional cases are investigated, varying the heat transfer coefficients outside the enclosure, at an ambient temperature of 85°C. The peak temperatures range from 121.4°C to 126.4°C and the corresponding junction-to-ambient thermal resistances (Rja) vary from 11.03°C/W to 12.5°C/W. The optimized numerical model approximates closely the empirical results (121–126°C vs. 127.5°C), within 1–2%.
Increased COX-2 Expression in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Nonoxynol-9, a Vaginal Contraceptive Microbicide that Failed to Protect Women from HIV-1 Infection (2011)

Expression of COX-2, a potent inflammation-related enzyme, as well as increased secretion of PGE(2) , an important local mediator of mucosal immunoinflammatory responses, by human vaginal epithelial cells exposed to vaginal microbicide and contraceptive candidates may be used as a biomarker of undesirable compound properties.
Plasmonic Enhancement of Second Harmonic Generation in Weyl Semimetal TaAs (2023)

In this work a hybrid nanoplasmonic-Weyl Semimetal (WSM) structure is realized for the first time utilizing silver nanopatch antennas and WSM Tantalum Arsenide (TaAs). The studied hybrid WSM-nanoplasmonic structure demonstrated a substantial, over x4.5 enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) process compared to a bare TaAs film. To realize the hybrid structure while preserving TaAs properties, a scalable, non-destructive manufacturing approach was developed that involves the fabrication of TaAs flakes from single crystalline TaAs, overgrowth of a silicon nitride overlayer, and drop-casting of silver nanopatch antennas. The strong polarization response of both the bare flakes, along with the hybrid-nanoplasmonic cavities demonstrates that this approach uniquely preserves the TaAs crystal structure and its optical response while providing significant enhancement of the nonlinear properties. The developed method allows leveraging the capabilities of plasmonics to control and enhance light-matter interactions at the nanometer scale to access and engineer WSM response. This work is the first step towards high-performance nanophotonic devices utilizing WSM topological properties.
Preparation of Poly(2,5-furandiylvinylene) Films. (1992)

三次の非線形光学材料として最近注目されているポリ(2,5-フランジイルビニレン)(PFV)の合成に関して,光学的に高品質の薄膜を調製する方法を確立した。PFVの合成においてはフラン環が酸に対して不安定なため,PFV中の化学的欠陥を減らすためにはPFVの前駆体からPFVへ変換する際に発生する酸からフラン環を守る必要があった。著者らはこの問題を解決するために無水エタノール溶媒を採用し酸による副反応を最小化する方法,有機溶媒可溶性前駆体経由法そして対イオソ交換法を試み,それぞれの手法においてフデン環を保護しながら高品質のPFVフィルムを作製する方法を見いだした。IRスペクトル,可視吸収夙ペクトルリ比較からそれぞれの手法の長所,短所を検討した。start-page=399