gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O-pH preliminary report: first-in-human clinical testing of oral biofilm pH using a non-contact optical probe (2021)

Measuring the activity of oral-bacteria in plaque, the sticky biofilm on enamel, can provide the presently lacking oral feedback to patients. We have developed O-pH, optical pH monitor that measures pH in the range of 4-7.5 and tested in vivo on 25 pediatric subjects (10-18 years) with high caries risk, 18 of these subjects had a dental cleaning within last two months and 7 didn’t have a cleaning in over 2 months. The average pH after a sugar rinse from regions of biofilm associated with caries was 5.8 and 0.5 units lower than the biofilm of sound enamel.
Electrodeposition of Single‐Metal Nanoparticles on Stable Protein 1 Membranes: Application of Plasmonic Sensing by Single Nanoparticles (2011)

Licht im Dunkeln: Metallnanopartikel (M=Ag0, Au0 und Cu0) wurden elektrochemisch auf den Poren von Ionenkanälen einer stabilen Protein-1-Membran abgeschieden (siehe Bild). Die Metallnanopartikel wurden benötigt, um die Bindung von Antigenen an Antikörper auf Einzelmolekülebene mittels Dunkelfeldmikroskopie und Plasmonenresonanz-Rayleigh-Streuung zu untersuchen.
Design-Manufacturing Interface in the Deep Submicron: Is Technology Independent Design Dead? (2000)

Not so long ago, the technology independent design style was advertised as the way to go, at least for ASICs. Seamless mapping of RTL code onto pre-characterized IP libraries and automatic P&R seemed to provide a smooth path from HDL to mask layout. Unfortunately, this approach does not appear to be feasible in the deep submicron (DSM) era, especially for high performance IC's.To achieve top performance while maintaining satisfactory manufacturing yields, the technology capabilities, including quasi-transmission line effects in interconnections, must be extracted and abstracted to be used up-front in the design synthesis. The design-manufacturing interface must be changed in order to account for these DSM effects, while still being able to handle the increasing complexity of designs.This panel will address the requirements imposed on the design - manufacturing interface for the DSM technologies by gathering experts from the different segments of the semiconductor industry, to address design needs versus available solutions and potential show-stoppers in designing high complexity chips for leading edge technologies.
Algorithm to Correct Measurement Offsets Introduced by Inactive Elements of Transducer Arrays in Ultrasonic Flow Metering (2022)

Ultrasonic flow meters (UFMs) based on transducer arrays offer several advantages. With electronic beam steering, it is possible to tune the steering angle of the beam for optimal signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) upon reception. Moreover, multiple beams can be generated to propagate through different travel paths, covering a wider section of the flow profile. Furthermore, in a clamp-on configuration, UFMs based on transducer arrays can perform self-calibration. In this manner, userinput is minimized and measurement repeatability is increased. In practice, transducer array elements may break down. This could happen due to aging, exposure to rough environments, and/or rough mechanical contact. As a consequence of inactive array elements, the measured transit time difference contains two offsets. One offset originates from non-uniform spatial sampling of the generated wavefield. Another offset originates from the ill-defined beam propagating through a travel path different from the intended one. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that corrects for both of these offsets. The algorithm also performs a filtering operation in the frequency-wavenumber domain of all spurious (i.e., flow-insensitive) wave modes. The advantage of implementing the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on simulations and measurements, showing improved accuracy and precision of the transit time differences compared to the values obtained when the algorithm is not applied. The proposed algorithm can be implemented in both in-line and clamp-on configuration of UFMs based on transducer arrays.
Cytotoxic Evaluation And Factorial Analysis Of 3D Photopolymerizable Thermoresponsive Composite Nanoparticle Hydrogels For Controlled Drug Delivery In Restenosis And Wound Healing (2007)

To develop a smart drug delivery system for restenosis and wound healing applications, we investigated photopolymerizable composite nanoparticle hydrogels which can release the drug in a temperature-responsive manner. Our novel system consisting of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PNIPA-AAm) nanoparticles and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as photo cross-linker can be formed in situ in presence of ultraviolet (UV) light and Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator (PI). The main aims of this project were to investigate the system cytotoxicity and optimize drug release characteristics by performing biocompatibility and factorial analysis studies, respectively. We evaluated the cell survival of human vascular smooth muscle cells and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts upon exposure to UV light and photoinitiator concentrations. At conditions required for photopolymerization of our composite system (UV=5 minutes, PI=0.015% w/v), the cell survival for both cell types was not significantly decreased. Addition of an anti-oxidant reagent, ascorbic acid, to hydrogel precursor solution further improved cell survival at higher PI concentrations, but increased the gelation times. Additionally, we performed a factorial analysis to evaluate the effects of PEGDA concentration (10% and 15% w/v) and molecular weight (3.4 KDa and 8 KDa) as well as PNIPA-AAm nanoparticle concentration (2% and 4% w/v) on the hydrogel gelation times, drug release profiles and swelling ratios. Our studies showed PNIPA-AAm nanoparticle concentration was the most important factor affecting the drug release at 40oC and thermoresponsiveness of the system. Additionally, PEGDA concentration affected gelation times while PEGDA molecular weight governed the swelling ratio. These findings have improved our understanding of the composite systems and will help in tailoring future systems with desired characteristics.
Chern-Weil theory for certain infinite-dimensional Lie groups (2013)

Chern-Weil and Chern-Simons theory extend to certain infinite-rank bundles that appear in mathematical physics. We discuss what is known of the invariant theory of the corresponding infinite-dimensional Lie groups. We use these techniques to detect cohomology classes for spaces of maps between manifolds and for diffeomorphism groups of manifolds.
Sound therapy (1996)

MOST of us who have recently become parents are familiar with the use of ultrasound in medicine. We have seen "baby's first picture" and thrilled to the ghost-like images of the head, the beating heart and perhaps even the face. These images are produced by ultrasound: a transducer projects high-frequency sound waves into the uterus and collects the reflected waves, which are then used to build up an image.
Cross layer optimization for wireless multi-user video streaming (2005)

A cross-layer optimization concept for wireless multi-user video streaming is proposed. We describe a cross layer optimizer that interfaces the video streaming application and the radio link layer by means of parameter abstraction. The optimizer maximizes the end-to-end quality of the video streaming service jointly for all users while efficiently using the wireless resources. Our simulation results for video streaming in a multi-user environment show the performance improvements achievable with this concept. We demonstrate that even for a small number of users and a small number of degrees of freedom in the optimization significant quality improvements can be obtained.
Intracellular routes and selective retention of antigens in mildly acidic cathepsin D/lysosome-associated membrane protein-1/MHC class II-positive vesicles in immature dendritic cells (1997)

Immature dendritic cells (DC) use both macropinocytosis and mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis to internalize soluble Ags efficiently. These Ags are ultimately presented to T cells after DC maturation and migration into the lymph nodes. We have previously described the immortalized myeloid cell line FSDC as displaying the characteristics of early DC precursors that efficiently internalize soluble Ags. To describe the different routes of Ag uptake and to identify the Ag retention compartments in FSDC, we followed the intracellular fate of FITC-coupled OVA, dextran (DX), transferrin, and Lucifer Yellow using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy. OVA and DX gained access into macropinosomes and early endosomes. DX was preferentially sorted into endosomal compartments, while most of the OVA entered macropinosomes via fluid phase uptake. We found a long-lasting retention of DX and OVA of up to 24 h. After 6 h of chase, these two molecules were concentrated in common vesicular compartments. These retention compartments were distinct from endosomes and lysosomes; they were much larger, only mildly acidic, and lacked the small GTP binding protein rab7. However, they were positive for lysosome-associated membrane protein-1, the protease cathepsin D, and MHC class II molecules, thus representing matured macropinosomes. These data suggest that the activity of vacuolar proteases is reduced at the mildly acidic pH of these vesicles, which explains their specific retention of an Ag. The retention compartments might be used by nonlymphoid tissue DC to store peripheral Ags during their migration to the lymph node.
Combining Optical Imaging and Computational Modeling to Analyze Structure and Function of Living Neurons (2006)

We are investigating the computational properties of principal neurons in the mammalian brain. To manage the small size and intricate structure of neuronal dendrites, we employ advanced optical imaging techniques in combination with automatic image reconstruction and computational modeling to study their complex spatio-temporal pattern of activity
Dimensionality crossover in the induced magnetization of Pd layers (2007)

The magnetic ordering of a series of samples consisting of ultrathin Fe layers embedded in Pd was investigated using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The samples consisted of a single Fe layer with nominal thickness 0.2≤d(Fe)≤1.6 monolayers sandwiched between two 20 monolayer Pd layers. A dimensionality crossover from two dimensions to three dimensions occurs as d(Fe) is increased from 0.4 to 1.0 monolayers. First-principles calculations were performed in order to determine the magnetic profile, and we used a spin-wave quantum well model for obtaining a qualitative description of the dimensionality crossover. The results clearly prove the existence of a dimensionality crossover in the induced magnetization, opening new routes for addressing the influence of extension on order.
Pd(II)-catalyzed Formal O–H Insertion Reactions of Diazonaphthoquinones to Acetic Acid: Synthesis of 1,2-Naphthalenediol Derivatives (2011)

Abstract Pd(II)-catalyzed formal O–H insertion reaction of diazonaphthoquinones to acetic acid proceeded to afford 1,2-naphthalenediol monoacetates. In the presence of lithium halides, halonaphthols were obtained under the reaction conditions.
Transferrin Fusion Protein Therapies: Acetylcholine Receptor‐Transferrin Fusion Protein as a Model (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Disease Overview Fusion Protein SHG2210 Design Characterization of SHG2210 Applications and Indications Future Perspectives Conclusion References
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Cyclohexyl Substance P Antagonists: Significance of the Ring Nitrogen in Piperidine‐Based NK‐1 Receptor Antagonists. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectroscopie résonnante en milieu dense : exploitation de la phase du signal dans une expérience pompe sonde (1997)

Une nouvelle approche de spectroscopie non-lineaire est demontree en vue d'etudier les processus ultra-rapides de dynamique moleculaire en milieux denses. Elle est basee sur une experience pompe-sonde en configuration colineaire qui fournit un signal d'absorption transitoire original, presentant des oscillations en fonction du retard pompe-sonde. Une etude theorique de physique statistique non-lineaire demontre que la phase de ce signal est tres sensible aux processus de dynamique moleculaire presents dans le milieu etudie. Les resultats experimentaux obtenus dans le cas d'un colorant test, le hitci dans l'ethylene glycol, ont ete interpretes a l'aide du modele phenomenologique de l'oscillateur brownien. Ce modele permet de prendre en compte les couplages intermoleculaires par leur action sur la position du noyau de la molecule absorbante consideree. Les simulations numeriques associees a cette etude ont ete effectuees sur cray t3e. Les performances de cette approche sont equivalentes a celles de la technique plus classique d'echo de photons a deux impulsions, integre sur le temps mais l'exploitation du signal en termes de dynamique moleculaire ne necessite pas la mise en uvre d'impulsions laser ultra-courtes et rend son utilisation plus aisee.
Stochastic Decoding of LDPC Codes over GF(q) (2009)

Non-binary LDPC codes have been shown to outperform currently used codes for magnetic recording and several other channels. Currently proposed nonbinary decoder architectures have very high complexity for high-throughput implementations and sacrifice error-correction performance to maintain realizable complexity. In this paper, we present an alternative decoding algorithm based on stochastic computation that has a very simple implementation and minimal performance loss when compared to the sum-product algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm when applied to a GF(16) code and provide details of the hardware resources required for an implementation.
Novel Environmentally Responsible Solvents for Sulfur Removal in Oil and Gas Applications (2023)

Abstract The removal of unreactive or non-acidic sulfur species to meet fuel specifications remains a challenge in the oil and gas industry. This is especially the case with the recent introduction of IMO 2020 restrictions in the use of marine fuels to those that have sulfur contents from 3.5% down to 0.5%. This has led refiners to seek alternative sulfur removal technologies that can be used in addition to the conventional desulfurization process. Formulations of cyclic organic carbonates (COCs) were developed in combinations with environmentally friendly lactones and glycol ethers and are shown to facilitate the removal of unreactive organosulfur compounds such as thiophenes, disulfides and mercaptans. This study utilizes different sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams consisting of crude oil, heavy hydrocarbon (fuel oil), lighter hydrocarbon, naphtha from various refineries and field operations. Model hydrocarbon blends were prepared by dosing with different sulfur compounds and analyzed for sulfur removal efficiency using COC formulations. The use of sulfur containing heavy hydrocarbons from the field were also assessed to demonstrated that the sulfur removal was applicable to a wide range of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, a process for the recovery and reuse of solvent was developed to extend the lifetime of the solvent and reduce the cost of operations. The regenerated solvent shows extended efficiency and the process for its regeneration, recycle and reuse offers many advantages. The newly developed solvent formulation showed enhanced performance over caustic or other specialty chemistries by 30-100% depending on the nature of the sulfur species.
Effect of hypoxia on feline intestinal capillary permeability (1985)

The multiple-indicator dilution technique was used to investigate the permeability characteristics of capillaries in the cat small intestine during hypoxia. Reducing the arterial oxygen tension from 108 to 35 mmHg for 10 min increased the calculated equivalent pore radius of intestinal capillaries from 59 to 67 A. This effect was sustained for at least 15 min after the hypoxic episode. Hypoxia did not alter intestinal lymphatic protein clearance. Thus, the dimensions of the large pores did not change. This study demonstrates that 10 min of severe hypoxia increases vascular permeability in the small intestine and that this change occurs only in the small pores and is sustained, at least briefly, after restoration of normoxia. Hypoxia does not significantly change the permeability to macromolecules.
DNN-SAM: Split-and-Merge DNN Execution for Real-Time Object Detection (2022)

As real-time object detection systems, such as autonomous cars, need to process input images acquired from multiple cameras, they face significant challenges in delivering accurate and timely inferences often based on machine learning (ML). To meet these challenges, we want to provide different levels of object detection accuracy and timeliness to different portions within each input image with different criticality levels. Specifically, we develop DNN-SAM, a dynamic Split-And-Merge Deep Neural Network (DNN) execution and scheduling framework, that enables seamless split-and-merge DNN execution for unmodified DNN models. Instead of processing an entire input image once in a full DNN model, DNN-SAM first splits a DNN inference task into two smaller sub-tasks-a mandatory sub-task dedicated for a safety-critical (cropped) portion of each image and an optional sub-task for processing a down-scaled image–then executes them independently, and finally merges their results into a complete inference. To achieve DNN-SAM’s timely and accurate detection of objects in each image, we also develop two scheduling algorithms that prioritize sub-tasks according to their criticality levels and adaptively adjust the scale of the input image to meet the timing constraints while minimizing the response time of mandatory sub-tasks or maximizing the accuracy of optional sub-tasks. We have implemented and evaluated DNN-SAM on a representative ML framework. Our evaluation shows DNN-SAM to improve detection accuracy in the safety-critical region by $2.0-3.7\times$ and lower average inference latency by $4.8-9.7\times$ over existing approaches without violating any timing constraints.
CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYFURFURYL ALCOHOL RESINS. (1970)

sized, shape-separated spheres are then rewetted and converted to the hydrogen form. The processing capacity of the equipment tested is equivalent to about 1 kg of uranium per hour and could meet commercial recycle plant requirements without scale-up of the principal process components.
Freeze-Drying of Low Molecular Weight Poly(L-lactic acid) Nanoparticles: Effect of Cryo- and Lyoprotectants (2006)

The chemical and physical stability of polymeric nanoparticles is poor in aqueous suspensions, and the drying of these particles is often problematic. In the present study, the stability of freeze-dried low molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles was enhanced by adding glucose and/or lactose to the formulation as cryo- and lyoprotectants, respectively. Also the effect of an extra stabilizer, Tween 80, was studied. The best freeze-dried PLA nanoparticle formulations were achieved, when glucose and lactose were added in combination so that the amount of lactose was double the amount of glucose. With this combination the redispersion of high-quality nanoparticles (homogenous particle dispersion with original size and without aggregates) was achieved. The addition of Tween 80 further improved the quality of freeze-dried PLA nanoparticles by facilitating the redispersion of the lyophilized cake into optimal nanoparticles.
Quantitative detection of culturable methanogenic archaea abundance in anaerobic treatment systems using the sequence-specific rRNA cleavage method (2009)

A method based on sequence-specific cleavage of rRNA with ribonuclease H was used to detect almost all known cultivable methanogens in anaerobic biological treatment systems. To do so, a total of 40 scissor probes in different phylogeny specificities were designed or modified from previous studies, optimized for their specificities under digestion conditions with 32 methanogenic reference strains, and then applied to detect methanogens in sludge samples taken from 6 different anaerobic treatment processes. Among these processes, known aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic groups of methanogens from the families Methanosarcinaceae, Methanosaetaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Methanothermaceae and Methanocaldococcaceae could be successfully detected and identified down to the genus level. Within the aceticlastic methanogens, the abundances of mesophilic Methanosaeta accounted for 5.7-48.5% of the total archaeal populations in mesophilic anaerobic processes, and those of Methanosarcina represented 41.7% of the total archaeal populations in thermophilic processes. For hydrogenotrophic methanogens, members of the Methanomicrobiales, Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacterium were detected in mesophilic processes (1.2-17.2%), whereas those of Methanothermobacter, Methanothermaceae and Methanocaldococcaceae were detected in thermophilic process (2.0-4.8%). Overall results suggested that those hierarchical scissor probes developed could be effective for rapid and possibly on-site monitoring of targeted methanogens in different microbial environments.
Alteration of the retinotectal map in Xenopus by antibodies to neural cell adhesion molecules. (1984)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates neuron-neuron adhesion, is ubiquitous in the nervous system of developing and mature vertebrates, and undergoes major alterations in both amount and distribution during development. Perturbation of homophilic (N-CAM to N-CAM) binding by univalent fragments of specific anti-N-CAM antibodies has previously been found to alter neural tissue patterns in vitro. To show that significant alterations can also occur in vivo, antibodies to Xenopus N-CAM were embedded in agarose microcylinders and implanted in the tecta of juvenile Xenopus laevis frogs that were undergoing regeneration of their retinotectal projections; 1 week later, the effects of implantation on the projection pattern from the optic nerve were determined. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to N-CAM distorted the retinotectal projection pattern and greatly decreased the precision of the projection; these alterations recovered to near normal after an additional 3 weeks. Similar but smaller effects were obtained when normally developing froglets received tectal implants. In control animals, implants of immunoglobulins from preimmune serum and monoclonal antibodies not directed against N-CAM had little or no effect on the pattern. The results suggest that neuronal adhesion mediated by N-CAM is important in establishing and maintaining the precision and topography of neural patterns.
Ductile crack extension resistance of carbon steel STS 42. (1988)

Fracture toughness tests were conducted on 2 CT plane size specimens (thickness t = 20 mm), prepared from carbon steel pipe STS 42 with circumferential TIG weldment (20 B, sch. 100), in ambient air. Some approximate expressions for J-Δa data are discussed from the view point of applicability to fracture analysis. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) Weld metal possesses higher resistance to stable crack growth and to unstable transition than base metal does. (2) The transition condition, from stable to unstable ductile crack growth, depends on the type of approximate expression of the J-R curve.
Noninvasive assessment of liver disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (2023)

LSM and AGILE 3+ individually or in low availability settings in sequential combination after FIB-4 or NFS have a similar good diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis and an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for fibrotic NASH in NAFLD patients with T2D.