gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of microwave power on morphology of AgO thin film grown using microwave plasma CVD (2018)

In this study, pure silver (Ag) thin film of 8 nm was deposited onto glass substrate by using radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique and was then exposed to microwave assisted oxygen plasma generated by microwave plasma CVD. The oxidation of Ag into AgO thin film was studied using varying microwave power. The influence of microwave power on morphology and size of oxide film was investigated. The crystal structure, crystal size, chemical composition, morphologies and optical properties of oxidised silver thin film (AgO) was characterised by using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. Morphological characterisation of these films reveals a systematic change from metallic silver (Ag) to silver oxide (AgO). The size of AgO thin film was calculated using Scherrer equation and was observed to be 11 nm, 12 nm and 13.5 nm at 400 W, 800 W and 1200 W respectively. A considerable change in UV-vis spectra was observed with increase in annealing temperature.
Forkhead Box O-1 Modulation Improves Endothelial Insulin Resistance in Human Obesity (2015)

We observed profound endothelial insulin resistance in the visceral adipose tissue of obese humans which improved with FOXO-1 inhibition. FOXO-1 modulation may represent a novel therapeutic target to diminish vascular insulin resistance. In addition, characterization of endothelial insulin resistance in the adipose microenvironment may provide clues to mechanisms of systemic disease in human obesity.
Cover Picture: Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns with Porphyrins: Nanohybrid Formation and Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2007) (2007)

Abstract A transmission electron microscopy image of the spherical superstructure of dahlia flowerlike carbon nanohorns (CNHs), functionalized at the conical tips with porphyrins (H 2 P), is shown, together with an illustration of the architecture of the novel CNH–H 2 P nanohybrid material. Nikos Tagmatarchis, Osamu Ito, and co‐workers report on the preparation and photophysical properties of this material on p. 1705. Photo‐excitation of H 2 P with visible light results in reduction of the CNHs with a simultaneous oxidation of the porphyrin moiety, resulting in a charge‐separated state; CNH • – –H 2 P • + . The covalent attachment of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) to α‐5‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α‐15‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐10,20‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)‐porphyrin (H 2 P) via an amide bond is accomplished. The resulting CNH–H 2 P nanohybrids form a stable inklike solution. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images demonstrate that the original dahlia‐flowerlike superstructure of the CNHs is preserved in the CNH–H 2 P nanohybrids. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence studies show efficient quenching of the excited singlet state of H 2 P, suggesting that both electron and energy transfer occur from the singlet excited state of H 2 P to CNHs, depending on the polarity of the solvent. In the case of electron transfer, photoexcitation of H 2 P results in the reduction of the nanohorns and the simultaneous oxidation of the porphyrin unit. The formation of a charge‐separated state, CNH • – –H 2 P • + , has been corroborated with the help of an electron mediator, hexyl‐viologen dication (HV 2+ ), in polar solvents. Moreover, the charge‐separated CNH • – –H 2 P • + states have been identified by transient absorption spectroscopy.
Discussion on enterprise culture power (2001)

Through analysing the origin of enterprise culture practice in Japan,author points out the times characteristics that modern enterprises management is combined with culture factor and new era of management oriented culture and based on culture medium are opened up in this essay.and discusses the function of business culture and its power by way of examples of management practices.
Towards Identifying PAMPs from the Downy Mildew Pathogen Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis (2015)

Downy mildews are oomycete microbes and obligate parasites, belonging to the Order Peronosporales. They display a variety of hosts, infecting crop plants belonging to different families, such as lettuce, grapevine or tomato, but also ornamental plants. They develop in humid and moist conditions and represent a threat for growers and producers. The system composed by the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its natural oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) has been used as a model to investigate plant–oomycete pathogen interactions. We aimed to discover conserved molecules deriving from the pathogen, called PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns), which are recognized by the plant immune system and that are able to trigger an immune reaction in the plant. To look for PAMPs originating from Hpa, an extract from the spores of the pathogen has been obtained. The extract has been tested using an assay able to highlight one of the first signs of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI): ROS production. Furthermore, it has been treated with proteinase K to better understand the nature of the active molecules. In addition, various mutants of putative receptors have been tested using the same assay. We demonstrated that the extract contains molecules able to trigger an immune reaction in Arabidopsis Col-0 plants and that the proteinase K-treated spore extract lost its immune triggering ability, indicating a proteinaceous nature of the active molecules. Testing the extract on mutant plants showed that the perception of the active molecules might be Bak1-dependent. Recent findings will be presented.
Distributed measurements of chromatic dispersion and of the nonlinear coefficient in DSF fibers with non negligible values of PMD (2002)

We have shown that mapping of chromatic dispersion in dispersion shifted fibres (DSF) is strongly affected by their polarization coupling length. Nevertheless, the possibility to obtain a meaningful dispersion map in a fiber with low polarization coupling still exists. However, it requires averaging of the dispersion values at a given location for different input SOP. First results for the extraction of the distributed nonlinear coefficient n/sub 2//A/sub eff/ are promising.
Abstract 18702: Closed-loop Servo-regulatory Neuromodulation (Bionic Baroreflex System) Instantly Resolves Pulmonary Congestion Without Imposing Excessive Hypotension in a Rat Model of Acute Heart Failure (2017)

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) excessively activates sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), markedly increases stressed volume and thereby left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and oft...
Registration of MR and SPECT without using external fiducial markers (1998)

The aim of our work is to present, test and validate an automated registration method used for matching brain SPECT scans with corresponding MR scans. The method was applied on a data set consisting of ten brain IDEX SPECT scans and ten T1- and T2-weighted MR scans of the same subjects. Of two subjects a CT scan was also made. (Semi-) automated algorithms were used to extract the brain from the MR, CT and SPECT images. Next, a surface registration technique called chamfer matching was used to match the segmented brains. A perturbation study was performed to determine the sensitivity of the matching results to the choice of the starting values. Furthermore, the SPECT segmentation threshold was varied to study its effect on the resulting parameters and a comparison between the use of MR T1- and T2-weighted images was made. Finally, the two sets of CT scans were used to estimate the accuracy by matching MR to CT and comparing the MR-SPECT match to the SPECT-CT match. The perturbation study showed that for initial perturbations up to 6 cm the algorithm fails in less than 4% of the cases. A variation of the SPECT segmentation threshold over a realistic range (25%) caused an average variation in the optimal match of 0.28 cm vector length. When T2 is used instead of T1 the stability of the algorithm is comparable but the results are less realistic due the large deformations. Finally, a comparison of the direct SPECT-MR match and the indirect match with CT as intermediate yields a discrepancy of 0.4 cm vector length. We conclude that the accuracy of our automatic matching algorithm for SPECT and MR, in which no external markers were used, is comparable to the accuracies reported in the literature for non-automatic methods or methods based on external markers. The proposed method is efficient and insensitive to small variations in SPECT segmentation.
Thermoreflectance studies of thin epitaxially deposited (InGa)P alloys (1971)

Thermoreflectance measurements have been made on a series of (InGa)P epitaxial layers. The direct spin-orbit optical transitions are observed at all concentrations. The indirect transition is seen in the indirect gap material, which occurs about 65 mol.% GaP, through a process involving thermotransmission through the layer and a reflection at the substrate.
The million song dataset challenge (2012)

We introduce the Million Song Dataset Challenge: a large-scale, personalized music recommendation challenge, where the goal is to predict the songs that a user will listen to, given both the user's listening history and full information (including meta-data and content analysis) for all songs. We explain the taste profile data, our goals and design choices in creating the challenge, and present baseline results using simple, off-the-shelf recommendation algorithms.
Deep Unfolded Recovery of Sub-Nyquist Sampled Ultrasound Images (2021)

The most common technique for generating B-mode ultrasound (US) images is delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, where the signals received at the transducer array are sampled before an appropriate delay is applied. This necessitates sampling rates exceeding the Nyquist rate and the use of a large number of antenna elements to ensure sufficient image quality. Recently, we proposed methods to reduce the sampling rate and the array size relying on image recovery using iterative algorithms based on compressed sensing (CS) and the finite rate of innovation (FRI) frameworks. Iterative algorithms typically require a large number of iterations, making them difficult to use in real time. In this article, we propose a reconstruction method from sub-Nyquist samples in the time and spatial domain, which is based on unfolding the iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (ISTA), resulting in an efficient and interpretable deep network. The inputs to our network are the subsampled beamformed signals after summation and delay in the frequency domain, requiring only a subset of the US signal to be stored for recovery. Our method allows reducing the number of array elements, sampling rate, and computational time while ensuring high-quality imaging performance. Using in vivo data, we demonstrate that the proposed method yields high-quality images while reducing the data volume traditionally used up to 36 times. In terms of image resolution and contrast, our technique outperforms previously suggested methods as well as DAS and minimum-variance (MV) beamforming, paving the way to real-time applicable recovery methods.
Flexible fiber cholangioscope for detection of near-infrared fluorescence (2022)

Video 1Flexible fiber cholangioscope for detection of near-infrared fluorescence.
MEAS: memory encryption and authentication secure against side-channel attacks (2018)

Memory encryption is used in many devices to protect memory content from attackers with physical access to a device. However, many current memory encryption schemes can be broken using differential power analysis (DPA). In this work, we present Meas-the first Memory Encryption and Authentication Scheme providing security against DPA attacks. The scheme combines ideas from fresh re-keying and authentication trees by storing encryption keys in a tree structure to thwart first-order DPA without the need for DPA-protected cryptographic primitives. Therefore, the design strictly limits the use of every key to encrypt at most two different plaintext values. Meas prevents higher-order DPA without changes to the cipher implementation by using masking of the plaintext values. Meas is applicable to all kinds of memory, e.g., NVM and RAM. For RAM, we give two concrete Meas instances based on the lightweight primitives Ascon, PRINCE, and QARMA. We implement and evaluate both instances on a Zynq XC7Z020 FPGA showing that Meas has memory and performance overhead comparable to existing memory authentication techniques without DPA protection.
Creating RF Scenarios for Large-scale, Real-time Wireless Channel Emulators (2021)

Recent years have seen the introduction of large-scale platforms for experimental wireless research. These platforms, which include testbeds like those of the PAWR program and emulators like Colosseum, allow researchers to prototype and test their solutions in a sound yet realistic wireless environment before actual deployment. Emulators, in particular, enable wireless experiments that are not site-specific as those on real testbeds. Researchers can choose among different radio frequency (RF) scenarios for real-time emulation of a vast variety of different situations, with different number of users, RF bandwidth, antenna counts, hardware requirements, etc. Although very powerful, in that they can emulate virtually any real-world deployment, emulated scenarios are only as useful as how accurately they can reproduce the targeted wireless channel and environment. Achieving emulation accuracy is particularly challenging, especially for experiments at scale for which emulators require considerable amounts of computational resources. In this paper, we propose a framework to create RF scenarios for emulators like Colosseum starting from rich forms of input, like those obtained by measurements through radio equipment or via software (e.g., ray-tracers and electromagnetic field solvers). Our framework optimally scales down the large set of RF data in input to the fewer parameters allowed by the emulator by using efficient clustering techniques and channel impulse response re-sampling. We showcase our method by generating wireless scenarios for the Colosseum network emulator by using Remcom&#x0027;s Wireless InSite, a commercial-grade ray-tracer that produces key characteristics of the wireless channel. Examples are provided for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios on portions of the Northeastern University main campus
Engineered human pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells with PD-L1 responsive immunological memory for enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy (2023)

Adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (NK) cells have shown promise in treating various cancers. However, limited immunological memory and access to sufficient numbers of allogenic donor cells have hindered their broader preclinical and clinical applications. Here, we first assess eight different CAR constructs that use an anti-PD-L1 nanobody and/or universal anti-fluorescein (FITC) single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to enhance antigen-specific proliferation and anti-tumor cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells against heterogenous solid tumors. We next genetically engineer human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with optimized CARs and differentiate them into functional dual CAR-NK cells. The tumor microenvironment responsive anti-PD-L1 CAR effectively promoted hPSC-NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity through antigen-dependent activation of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) and pSTAT5 signaling pathways via an intracellular truncated IL-2 receptor β-chain (ΔIL-2Rβ) and STAT3-binding tyrosine-X-X-glutamine (YXXQ) motif. Anti-tumor activities of PD-L1-induced memory-like hPSC-NK cells were further boosted by administering a FITC-folate bi-specific adapter that bridges between a programmable anti-FITC CAR and folate receptor alpha-expressing breast tumor cells. Collectively, our hPSC CAR-NK engineering platform is modular and could constitute a realistic strategy to manufacture off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells with immunological memory-like phenotype for targeted immunotherapy.
Protein Kinase Inhibitors (2008)

Abstract Originally published in: Protein Crystallography in Drug Discovery. Edited by Robert E. Babine and Sherin S. Abdel‐Meguid. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30678‐7 The sections in this article are Introduction Structure and Function Tertiary Structure Catalysis and Substrate Binding Regulation and Conformational Flexibility Activation Loop Conformation Glycine Rich Loop C‐Helix Orientation Lobe Orientation Solvent Channel Crystallization Defining the Construct Mutagenesis Phosphorylation Inhibitor Design Binding in ATP Cleft ATP Binding Sites Gatekeeper‐Dependent Binding Pocket Lipophilic Plug Polar Surface Site Conformational Considerations Inhibitor‐Induced Binding What is the Most Appropriate Enzyme Form for Crystallography? Homology Models and Surrogate Kinases Paradigms for Kinase Drug Discovery High Throughput Screening Structure‐Based Design Mechanism‐Based and Ligand Mimetic Design Computational Chemistry and Virtual Screening Selectivity Conclusion
Supplementary Figure 2 from Loss of PPP2R2A Inhibits Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and Predicts Tumor Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 101K, Automated image analysis of Rad51 immunostaining using In Cell Analyzer 2000&lt;/p&gt;
Glossary of Neurostimulation Terminology: A Collaborative Neuromodulation Foundation, Institute of Neuromodulation, and International Neuromodulation Society Project (2022)

Although we refer to the glossary presented herein as the print edition, it can of course be viewed and searched electronically. NF, IoN, and INS will continue to collaborate on expanded web editions that can include hyperlinks for internal and external navigation. We believe this glossary will benefit our growing field by facilitating communication and mitigating inappropriate use of neurostimulation terms.
Methoden zur Verbesserung von Fahrtreppen (2008)

This paper presents several methods to search for improvements in escalator design. Escalators were invented more than a century ago. During this time several features have been developed although most of them have not shown any clear advantage over the conventional device. This mechanism is becoming a ?commodity? product. CITEF is using tools to simulate and to analyze the static, kinematic and dynamic behaviour of this multibody system. We have used MATLAB, CATIA and SIMPACK software. In addition, a life prediction model based on dynamic results has been developed.
Thermal stability in longitudinal thin film media (2001)

Thermal stability in longitudinal thin film media was studied using a Monte-Carlo simulation. As recording densities increase, the signal decay ratios increase. The effect of the density is, however, very small. Between two materials with identified thermal stability factors <K V="" sub="" u="" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">/kT (where, K/sub u/ is the anisotropy constant, V is the volume of a grain, k is Boltzmann's constant, T is the temperature, and &lt;&gt; means an average value), the medium with smaller grains was found to be more stable against thermal fluctuations. These phenomena are related to the magnetic fields that are applied to grains in the media, which make the magnetization stable against thermal fluctuation.</K>
Optimization of silicon on silica waveguides for mid-infrared applications at 4.28 um (2019)

Recently, integrated silicon photonics have attracted much interest in mid-infrared applications for many reasons, such as gas sensing. Unfortunately, traditional silicon on silica waveguides suffer from huge silica absorption losses beyond the wavelength of 3.7 &mu;m, where the absorption fingerprint of many gases, such as carbon dioxide, exist. Also, power leakage from the waveguide core to the substrate is significant for the standard 2 &mu;m-thick buried silica underneath the 220 nm thick silicon layer at such long wavelengths. Therefore, efforts were exerted to find alternative materials, such as sapphire and silicon nitride, which offer lower absorption while keeping a strong refractive index contrast with silicon, and hence small fabrication footprints. In this work, though, we show that an optimized design of single-mode silicon on silica waveguides could push this technology limits deeper into the mid-infrared zone. A challenging wavelength of 4.28 &mu;m, where CO<sub>2</sub> possesses a strong absorption peak, is chosen for this study. We show that the leakage loss can be eliminated using 5 &mu;m and 4 &mu;m thick buried silica layers for 220 nm and 300 nm thick silicon layers, respectively. The penalty of silica absorption is a propagation loss of approximately 6 dB/cm and 4 dB/cm for 220 nm and 300 nm thick silicon layers, respectively. The propagation loss can be further reduced using thicker silicon layers. Fortunately, the scattering loss decreases as the wavelength increases. Therefore, such a mature technology could still play a role in mid-infrared applications.
Application of Kelvin force microscopy for evaluation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (2012)

Investigation of the properties of oxidized low-density lipoprotein is important because it is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease development. Low-density lipoprotein is known to have a positive charge on the surface attributable to amino groups of lysine moieties. Its positive charge can be decreased by oxidation. For this study, the topography and surface potential of LDL and ox-LDL were measured using atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The Kelvin probe force microscopy images of ox-LDL differ from those obtained using n-LDL. We demonstrated a method to evaluate the oxidation level of LDL using AFM and KPFM.
Sparsity Learning-Based Multiuser Detection in Grant-Free Massive-Device Multiple Access (2019)

In this paper, we study the multiuser detection (MUD) problem for a grant-free massive-device multiple access (MaDMA) system, where a large number of single-antenna user devices transmit sporadic data to a multi-antenna base station (BS). Specifically, we put forth two MUD schemes, termed random sparsity learning multiuser detection (RSL-MUD) and structured sparsity learning multiuser detection (SSL-MUD) for the time-slotted and non-time-slotted grant-free MaDMA systems, respectively. In RSL-MUD, active users generate and transmit data packets with random sparsity. In SSL-MUD, we introduce a sliding-window-based detection framework, and the user signals in each observation window naturally exhibit structured sparsity. We show that by exploiting the sparsity embedded in the user signals, we can recover the user activity state, the channel, and the user data in a single phase, without using pilot signals for channel estimation and/or active user identification. To this end, we develop a message-passing-based statistical inference framework for the BS to blindly detect the user data without any prior knowledge of the identities and the channel state information (CSI) of active users. The simulation results show that our RSL-MUD and SSL-MUD schemes significantly outperform their counterpart schemes in both reducing the transmission overhead and improving the error behavior of the system.