gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The natural defense system and the normative self model (2016)

Infectious agents are not the only agressors, and the immune system is not the sole defender of the organism. In an enlarged perspective, the 'normative self model' postulates that a 'natural defense system' protects man and other complex organisms against the environmental and internal hazards of life, including infections and cancers. It involves multiple error detection and correction mechanisms that confer robustness to the body at all levels of its organization. According to the model, the self relies on a set of physiological norms, and NONself (meaning : Non Obedient to the Norms of the self) is anything 'off-norms'. The natural defense system comprises a set of 'civil defenses' (to which all cells in organs and tissues contribute), and a 'professional army ', made of a smaller set of mobile cells. Mobile and non mobile cells differ in their tuning abilities. Tuning extends the recognition capabilities of NONself by the mobile cells, which increase their defensive function. To prevent them to drift, which would compromise self/NONself discrimination, the more plastic mobile cells need to periodically refer to the more stable non mobile cells to keep within physiological standards.
Disorder in Pixel-Level Edge Directions on T1WI Is Associated with the Degree of Radiation Necrosis in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Preliminary Findings (2019)

With additional independent multisite validation, COLLAGE measurements might enable noninvasive characterization of the degree of recurrent tumor or cerebral radiation necrosis in gadolinium-contrast T1WI of posttreatment lesions.
In vivo blockade of acetylcholinesterase increases intraovarian acetylcholine and enhances follicular development and fertility in the rat (2016)

Growth and differentiation of ovarian follicles are regulated by systemic and local factors, which may include acetylcholine (ACh). Granulosa cells (GCs) of growing follicles and luteal cells produce ACh and in cultured GCs it exerts trophic actions via muscarinic receptors. However, such actions were not studied in vivo. After having established that rat ovarian GCs and luteal cells express the ACh-metabolizing enzyme ACh esterase (AChE), we examined the consequences of local application of an AChE inhibitor, huperzine A (HupA), by osmotic minipump delivery into the ovarian bursa of hemiovariectomized rats. Saline was used in the control group. Local delivery of HupA for 4 weeks increased ovarian ACh content. Estrus cyclicity was not changed indicating a locally restricted range of HupA action. The number of primordial and primary follicles was unaffected, but small secondary follicles significantly increased in the HupA group. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of corpora lutea suggested increased ovulatory events. In support, as shown upon mating, HupA-treated females had significantly increased implantation sites and more pups. Thus the data are in support of a trophic role of ACh in follicular development and ovulation and point to an important role of ACh in female fertility.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pinacol Boronates from Aryl Chlorides Catalyzed by a Palladium/Imidazolium Salt System. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interferometric Measurement of Sensor MTF and Crosstalk (2017)

We have developed a laser interferometer with the goal of precise measurement of the pixel MTF and pixel crosstalk in camera sensors. One of the advantages of our interferometric method for measuring sensor MTF is that the sinusoidal illumination pattern is formed directly on the sensor rather than beamed through a lens. This allows for a precise measurement of sensor MTF and crosstalk unaltered by the lens. Another advantage is that we measure MTF in a wide range of spatial frequencies reaching high above the Nyquist frequency. We discuss the theory behind the expected and observed sensor performance, and show our experimental results. Our comparison with the Slanted Edge method shows that we have better precision and cover a wider range of frequencies.
Unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: perspectives on combination therapy. (2001)

We reviewed recent clinical data on the management of unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. We concentrated on the use of new therapies, particularly in combination with both older agents and other new methods, in order to present health care providers with an overview of available treatment options. The clinical trials reviewed herein provide strong evidence and proof of principle that combination therapies targeting 1) platelet function (aspirin, thienopyridines, and GP IIb/IIIa antagonists), 2) the coagulation cascade (unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin), and 3) the physical characteristics of the active lesion (percutaneous intervention) reduce the risk of death or ischemic complications after thrombotic progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Worst Cases Policy Gradients (2019)

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have demonstrated the capability of learning complex control policies from many types of environments. When learning policies for safety-critical applications, it is essential to be sensitive to risks and avoid catastrophic events. Towards this goal, we propose an actor-critic framework that models the uncertainty of the future and simultaneously learns a policy based on that uncertainty model. Specifically, given a distribution of the future return for any state and action, we optimize policies for varying levels of conditional Value-at-Risk. The learned policy can map the same state to different actions depending on the propensity for risk. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the domain of driving simulations, where we learn maneuvers in two scenarios. Our learned controller can dynamically select actions along a continuous axis, where safe and conservative behaviors are found at one end while riskier behaviors are found at the other. Finally, when testing with very different simulation parameters, our risk-averse policies generalize significantly better compared to other reinforcement learning approaches.
Mechanical Design of a 3D CMOS Compatible Microelectrode Array for Neural Interfacing (2020)

Microelectrode arrays (MEA) are a key technology for the study of neuronal circuits, facilitating electrical stimulation and recording of extracellular action potentials. The utility of silicon-based neural interfaces is limited due to the inherent 2D nature of CMOS technologies and the relatively high stiffness of these inorganic materials. In this work, silicon-based structures for in vitro neural interfacing are investigated which aim to combine mechanical compliance with high spatial resolution. Performed simulations concern mechanical deformations and are carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. These mechanical designs may serve as an inspiration for further development of compliant 3D silicon-based CMOS compatible structures for neural interfacing at high spatial resolution.
The characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with primary hypothyroidism (2013)

Objective
To observe the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with primary hypothyroidism.


Methods
A total of 90 primary hypothyroidism patients untreated with thyroid hormone were selected.All the 90 patients were divided into subclinical hypothyroidism group, mild or moderate hypothyroidism group and serious hypothyroidism group, and 30 patients in each group.The other 30 healthy volunteers were selected as controls. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used for the testing their orientation, immediate memory, attention and calculation, delayed recalling, linguistic competence, visual space and execution, naming ability and abstracting power. One-way analysis of variance was performed to determine significant differences among four groups.


Results
The MMSE scores in subclinical hypothyroidism group , mild or moderate hypothyroidism group and serious hypothyroidism group((27.53±2.16), (26.90±1.88)and (24.80±2.10)respectively) were lower than those of the control (28.23±1.33). The MoCA scores of the above hypothyroidism groups((23.57±3.33), (21.60±2.81) and (20.53±3.03)respectively) were also lower than that of the control (26.63±2.31)(P<0.05). Except for orientation and immediate memory, statistical significances of the other cognitive function were existed between hypothyroidism groups and the healthy controls (P<0.05). With the increase in severity of hypothyroidism, the abnormality of attention, calculation, linguistic competence, visual space and executive ability, naming ability and abstracting power were appearing gradually in hypothyroidism groups(P<0.05), and the scores were low(P<0.05).


Conclusion
Defects of attention and calculation, delayed recalling, linguistic competence, visual space and execution, naming ability and abstracting power are existed in primary hypothyroidism patients.


Key words: 
Primary hypothyroidism; Cognitive impairment; Subclinical hypothyroidism
A Convenient, Highly Stereoselective, Metal-Free Synthesis of Chiral Amines (2009)

A low cost, efficient, metal-free highly stereoselective reduction of ketimines to chiral amines was developed. Different imines bearing a very cheap and removable chiral auxiliary were reduced simply by trichlorosilane in the presence of N,N-dimethyl­formamide, often in quantitative yield and complete control of the absolute stereochemistry, to afford highly enantiomerically enriched amines.
Sodium depletion and blood pressure response to 1‐sarcosine, 8‐isoleucine angiotensin II in hypertension (1978)

The relation of sodium balance to the blood pressure response to 1‐sarcosine, 8‐isoleucine angiotensin II ([Sar 1 , Ile 8 ]AII) was evaluated in patients with hypertension of various causes. Tests with [Sar 1 , Ile 8 ]AII were made under the following three conditions: (1) unrestricted diet and no diuretic pretreatment, (2) unrestricted diet and 40 mg furosemide intravenously 2 hr before the test, and (3) mild salt restriction (5 gm NaCl/day) and 80 mg furosemide orally for 3 days before the test. Among patients with renovascular or malignant hypertension, 5 of 14 cases (36%) in condition 1, 3 of 6 cases (50%) in condition 2, and 7 of 7 cases (100%) in condition 3, there was a reduction of more than 10 mm Hg in the mean blood pressure. The pressor responses in essential hypertension and in primary aldosteronism were reduced by sodium depletion. All patients with pressor responses of over + 10 mm Hg in condition 3 were patients with primary aldosteronism. These results indicate that before the [Sar 1 , Ile 8 ]AII test sodium depletion is useful not only for preventing an excessive pressor response in low reninemic patients but also for increasing the specificity of the test in the evaluation of renin‐dependent hypertension. Angiotensin II‐inhibiting analogues are useful in the detection of abnormally high or abnormally low renin levels.
Basis Prediction Networks for Effective Burst Denoising With Large Kernels (2020)

Bursts of images exhibit significant self-similarity across both time and space. This motivates a representation of the kernels as linear combinations of a small set of basis elements. To this end, we introduce a novel basis prediction network that, given an input burst, predicts a set of global basis kernels --- shared within the image --- and the corresponding mixing coefficients --- which are specific to individual pixels. Compared to state-of-the-art techniques that output a large tensor of per-pixel spatiotemporal kernels, our formulation substantially reduces the dimensionality of the network output. This allows us to effectively exploit comparatively larger denoising kernels, achieving both significant quality improvements (over 1dB PSNR) and faster run-times over state-of-the-art methods.
Silicon Microring Resonator-Based Broadband Comb Switch for Wavelength-Parallel Message Routing (2007)

We demonstrate error-free propagation of wavelength-parallel 160-Gb/s optical data in a broadband silicon microring resonator-based comb switch, and observe no power penalty increase associated with inter-channel crosstalk when scaling from one to 16 wavelength channels.
Natural Small Molecules Targeting NF-κB Signaling in Glioblastoma (2021)

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various genes that mediate various cellular activities, including propagation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Abnormal activation of NF-κB is a common incidence in several cancers. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer described by high cellular heterogeneity and almost unavoidable relapse following surgery and resistance to traditional therapy. In GBM, NF-κB is abnormally activated by various stimuli. Its function has been associated with different processes, including regulation of cancer cells with stem-like phenotypes, invasion of cancer cells, and radiotherapy resistance identification of mesenchymal cells. Even though multimodal therapeutic approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic drugs are used for treating GBM, however; the estimated mortality rate for GBM patients is around 1 year. Therefore, it is necessary to find out new therapeutic approaches for treating GBM. Many studies are focusing on therapeutics having less adverse effects owing to the failure of conventional chemotherapy and targeted agents. Several studies of compounds suggested the involvement of NF-κB signaling pathways in the growth and development of a tumor and GBM cell apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the involvement of NF-κB signaling in the molecular understanding of GBM and natural compounds targeting NF-κB signaling.
Supplementary Table 1 from Combining ABCG2 Inhibitors with IMMU-132, an Anti–Trop-2 Antibody Conjugate of SN-38, Overcomes Resistance to SN-38 in Breast and Gastric Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relative mRNA levels of ABCG2 determined by RT-qPCR&lt;/p&gt;
PD03-06 RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOLLOWING ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RATES OF UNFAVOURABLE PATHOLOGY (2016)

the proportion of established extraprostatic extension increased from 7.98% to 17.04% (p<0.01). For those patients with adverse and very adverse findings at RP, the proportion of patients who presented with clinical stage T1c, T2 or T3 in the pre-and post-PSA era was similar (74.6%, 25.4%, 0% vs. 65.4%, 31.8%, 2.8%; p0.098).
Evaluation of a Commercial Enzyme-Based Serum Cholesterol Test Kit for Analysis of Phytosterol and Phytostanol Products (2003)

Plant sterols (phytosterols) have been shown to possess serum cholesterol-lowering properties. In recent years, several phytosterol-enriched functional food products have been developed and marketed. Some phytosterol products contain common unsaturated sterols and some contain a subset of phytosterols called phytostanols (saturated sterols, also called plant stanols). Current methods for the quantitative analysis of plant sterols are labor intensive and require sophisticated gas or liquid chromatographs. In this study, a popular commercial spectrophotometric serum cholesterol test kit was evaluated for the analysis of plant sterols. The results indicate that the method could be modified to analyze phytosterols and phytostanols by increasing the incubation time. Both free phytosterols and fatty acyl phytosteryl esters were quantitatively analyzed, but ferulate phytosteryl esters, such as those that are found in corn and other cereals, were not hydrolyzed by the enzymes in the test kit and therefore were not detected.
The Role of Translation Initiation in Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: a Dissertation (1999)

mRNA decay is an important cellular process that regulates gene expression and is tightly linked to the process of translation. Many studies have illustrated the link between mRNA turnover and translation, indicating that mRNA decay is a cytoplasmic event. In order to investigate further the link between translation and turnover, seven mutants in translation initiation factors were analyzed for their effect on mRNA decay, including: i) three mutant alleles of the PRT1 gene (prt1-1, prt1-26 and prt1-63), which encodes a subunit of elF3; ii) sui1-1, which encodes the smallest subunit of elF3; iii) sui2-1, which encodes elF2; iv) GCN2c, which encodes the elF2 kinase, and v) cdc33-42, a mutant in the cap binding protein elF4E. The results demonstrate that the prt1-1 mutation results in stabilization of nonsense containing mRNAs without affecting the half-lives of most other mRNAs, a phenotype similar to a upf1Δ strain.\nTo identify substrates for the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway, mRNA differential display analysis was performed using RNA prepared from prt1-1, PRT1, upf1Δ and UPF1 strains. Although the abundance of the HHF2 mRNA is increased in the mutant strains the half-life is unaffected. However, the mRNA half-life of the transcriptional regulator SPT10 was increased in the mutant strains indicating the SPT10 transcript is a substrate for the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. Further characterization of the SPT10 transcript showed that it is a substrate for this pathway because the initiator AUG is present in a poor translation initiation context which results in aberrant translation initiation. Finally, several other mRNAs, predicted to be substrates for the pathway based on the leaky scanning model, were subsequently shown to decay through this pathway. These transcripts included the REV7, STE50, and UBP7 mRNAs. The results from these experiments lay the groundwork for addressing the potential regulatory role of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway.
Effect of Zn on the Photoluminescence of Polycrystalline Diamond Compacts (2010)

Zn and Cu were separately incorporated to the diamond powder and then the compacts were prepared under 5GPa, 1273K. The results showed that Zn was a good additive to prepare polycrystalline diamond by high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) because it could inhibit the graphitization of diamond. The element Zn left in the polycrystalline was in the form of ZnO. The photoluminescence spectroscopy showed that there were a series of sharp bands between 310 and 390nm when the excitation was above 200nm. However, the full width at half maximum of the diamond peaks mostly was below 0.5nm. The intensity of sharp band decreased with the decrease of excitation energy and then disappeared at last.
Trochanteric Osteotomy and Fixation During Total Hip Arthroplasty (2003)

Once used routinely, trochanteric osteotomy in total hip arthroplasty now is usually limited to difficult primary and revision cases. There are three types: the standard trochanteric osteotomy and its variations, the trochanteric slide, and the extended trochanteric osteotomy. Each has unique indications, fixation techniques, and complications. Primary total hip arthroplasty procedures requiring the enhanced exposure provided by trochanteric osteotomy may be needed in patients with hip ankylosis or fusion, protrusio acetabuli, proximal femoral deformities, developmental dysplasia, or abductor muscle laxity. Trochanteric osteotomies in revision arthroplasties, primarily the extended trochanteric osteotomy, facilitate the removal of well-fixed femoral components, provide direct access to the diaphysis for distal fixation, and enhance acetabular exposure.
Making Materials Mimic Each Other (2020)

materials could be made to mimic each other or form more exotic materials.
Solid-State Covalent Cross-Linking of Polyimide Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Plasticization Reduction (2003)

Solid-state covalent cross-linking of 6FDA-based polyimides with esterification reactions is shown to be effective in stabilizing membranes against CO2 plasticization up to 40 atm feed pressure. The selection of cross-linking agent has a major impact on the cross-linking degree and the gas transport properties. A generalized cross-linking strategy is presented that enables analysis of the effects of the cross-linking agent structure and thermal treatment on pure gas permeation and sorption for CO2 and CH4 at 35 °C. The polyimide 6FDA-DAM:DABA 2:1 was cross-linked with ethylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and 1,4-benzenedimethanol to illustrate these effects. The cross-linking degree is evaluated by a combination of solution 1H NMR and solid-state IR spectroscopy. The annealing temperature is a significant factor in determining the membrane transport properties, since it affects the polymer chain rigidity and free volume distribution. It is believed that this cross-linking approach can be implemented in an industrial hollow fiber formation process since the reaction is shown to occur in the solid state, well below the glass transition temperature.
High-average-power, diode-pumped solid state lasers for energy and industrial applications (1994)

Progress at LLNL in the development high-average-power diode-pumped solid state lasers is summarized, including the development of enabling technologies.
Robust and efficient charge storage by uniform grafting of TEMPO radical polymer around multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2013)

The radical polymer of redox-active nitroxide was first terminally modified and then grafted onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by a facile terminating reaction. The radical polymer-grafted MWNTs allowed a high dispersibility in organic solvents and fadeless redox ability of nitroxide. The TEM images revealed that the radical polymer was successfully wrapped around a MWNT with nanometre thickness showing a core–shell nanotube structure homogeneously over the whole MWNTs. The radical polymer wrapping around the MWNT exhibited quantitative and high-rate redox properties of nitroxide suitable for a cathode-active material, which was prominent when compared with a radical polymer-grafted MWNT via a “grafting from” method. These results demonstrate that nano-scale homogeneous wrapping prevented the aggregation of the radical polymer and allowed the rapid counterion accommodation leading to quantitative and rapid charge propagation.
A low power approach to system level pipelined interconnect design (2004)

System on Chip interconnects require first-in first-out buffers (FIFOs) to handle different data rates between IP cores. The design of an interconnect channel containing multiple stages of FIFO require making tradeoff between throughput and power consumption. The design variables are the sizes of the FIFOs, their voltages and their clock frequencies. Decreasing the FIFO clock frequencies saves power but it causes the channel performance (throughput) to decrease. In this work, we recover the performance by resizing the FIFOs in the channel. The voltage and clock scaling in the interconnect channel followed by FIFO resizing approach leads to significant power savings. The power savings is a function of system parameters λ (expected data production rate) and μ (expected data consumption rate). We observed a maximum dynamic power savings of 45.8%, 28.9% and 11.3% for min(λ, μ) of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 respectively. Our approach of reducing voltage in the interconnect channel will reduce the leakage power as well.
Lemon juice has protective activity in a rat urolithiasis model (2007)

These data suggest that lemon juice has a protective activity against urolithiasis.