gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular ruthenium and/or osmium complexes of tris(bipyridine) bridging ligands. Syntheses, absorption spectra, luminescence properties, electrochemical behavior, intercomponent energy, and electron transfer (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupramolecular ruthenium and/or osmium complexes of tris(bipyridine) bridging ligands. Syntheses, absorption spectra, luminescence properties, electrochemical behavior, intercomponent energy, and electron transferPeter Belser, Alex von Zelewsky, Michael Frank, Christian Seel, Fritz Vogtle, Luisa De Cola, Francesco Barigelletti, and Vincenzo BalzaniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 4076–4086Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views953Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RT-PCR Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 193. Joe O’Connell, ed. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002, 378 pp., $99.50, hardcover. ISBN 0-89603-875-0. (2003)

The Methods in Molecular Biology series from Humana Press covers a wide range of topics in molecular biology, focusing on practical methods. RT-PCR Protocols consists of 27 chapters of methods and applications using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The contributing authors are mostly from Ireland and Europe, with some contributions from Japan and the US. The editor contributes six chapters. The book is divided into several parts, including “Highly Sensitive Detection and …
Creation and Removal of Embedded Ribonucleotides in Chromosomal DNA during Mammalian Okazaki Fragment Processing (1997)

Mammalian RNase HI has been shown to specifically cleave the initiator RNA of Okazaki fragments at the RNA-DNA junction, leaving a single ribonucleotide attached to the 5'-end of the downstream DNA segment. This monoribonucleotide can then be removed by the mammalian 5'- to 3'-exo-/endonuclease, a RAD2 homolog-1 (RTH-1) class nuclease, also known as flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1). Although FEN-1/RTH-1 nuclease often requires an upstream primer for efficient activity, the presence of an upstream primer is usually inhibitory or neutral for removal of this 5'-monoribonucleotide. Using model Okazaki fragment substrates, we found that DNA ligase I can seal a 5'-monoribonucleotide into DNA. When both ligase and FEN-1/RTH-1 were present simultaneously, some of the 5'-monoribonucleotides were ligated into DNA, while others were released. Thus, a 5'-monoribonucleotide, particularly one that is made resistant to FEN-1/RTH-1-directed cleavage by extension of an inhibitory upstream primer, can be ligated into the chromosome, despite the presence of FEN-1/RTH-1 nuclease. DNA ligase I was able to seal different monoribonucleotides into the DNA for all substrates tested, with an efficiency of 1-13% that of ligating DNA. These embedded monoribonucleotides can be removed by the combined action of RNase HI, cutting on the 5'-side, and FEN-1/RTH-1 nuclease, cleaving on the 3'-side. After FEN-1/RTH-1 action and extension by polymerization, DNA ligase I can join the entirely DNA strands to complete repair.
Dense Image Registration and Deformable Surface Reconstruction in Presence of Occlusions and Minimal Texture (2015)

Deformable surface tracking from monocular images is well-known to be under-constrained. Occlusions often make the task even more challenging, and can result in failure if the surface is not sufficiently textured. In this work, we explicitly address the problem of 3D reconstruction of poorly textured, occluded surfaces, proposing a framework based on a template-matching approach that scales dense robust features by a relevancy score. Our approach is extensively compared to current methods employing both local feature matching and dense template alignment. We test on standard datasets as well as on a new dataset (that will be made publicly available) of a sparsely textured, occluded surface. Our framework achieves state-of-the-art results for both well and poorly textured, occluded surfaces.
Exploring the Putative Mechanism of Allosteric Modulations By Mixed-Action Kappa/Mu Opioid Receptor Bitopic Modulators (2021)

The modulation and selectivity mechanisms of seven mixed-action kappa opioid receptor (KOR)/mu opioid receptor (MOR) bitopic modulators were explored. Molecular modeling results indicated that the 'message' moiety of seven bitopic modulators shared the same binding mode with the orthosteric site of the KOR and MOR, whereas the 'address' moiety bound with different subdomains of the allosteric site of the KOR and MOR. The 'address' moiety of seven bitopic modulators bound to different subdomains of the allosteric site of the KOR and MOR may exhibit distinguishable allosteric modulations to the binding affinity and/or efficacy of the 'message' moiety. Moreover, the 3-hydroxy group on the phenolic moiety of the seven bitopic modulators induced selectivity to the KOR over the MOR.
Implementing a hydrogen economy (2003)

President Bush, during his State of the Union Address this year, pronounced a $1.2 billion jump-start to the hydrogen economy. The move would represent not only freedom from US-dependence on foreign oil, which is a national security issue, but also a necessary and gargantuan step toward improving the environment by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. However, hydrogen storage is proving to be one of the most important issues and potentially biggest roadblock for the implementation of a hydrogen economy. Of the three options that exist for storing hydrogen, in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state, the former is becoming accepted as the only method potentially able to meet the gravimetric and volumetric densities of the recently announced FreedomCar goals; and of all known hydrogen storage materials, complex hydrides may be the only hope. In recent years, months, weeks, and even days, it has become increasingly clear that hydrogen as an energy carrier is ‘in’ and carbonaceous fuels are ‘out’1. The hydrogen economy is coming, with the impetus to transform our fossil energy-based society, which inevitably will cease to exist, into a renewable energy-based one2. However, this transformation will not occur overnight. It may take several decades to realize a hydrogen economy. In the meantime, research and development is necessary to ensure that the implementation of the hydrogen economy is completely seamless, with essentially no disruption of the day-to-day activities of the global economy. The world has taken on a monumental, but not insurmountable, task of transforming from carbonaceous to renewable fuels, with clean burning, carbon dioxide-free hydrogen as the logical choice.
InAs nanocrystals on SiO2∕Si by molecular beam epitaxy for memory applications (2007)

We studied a memory structure based on InAs nanocrystals grown by molecular beam epitaxy directly on thermal SiO2 on silicon. Both nanocrystal diameter and density can be controlled by growth parameters. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows high crystallinity and low size dispersion. In an electrical test structure with a 3.5nm tunnel oxide, we observed that 80% of the initial injected electrons remain stored in the InAs nanocrystals after 3months and that the retention time for electrons in InAs nanocrystals is four orders of magnitude higher than in silicon nanocrystals.
Long-Range Substrate Effects on the Stability and Reactivity of Thiolated Self-Assembled Monolayers (2007)

The reactivity of the tail group of molecules absorbed in a self-assembled monolayer is affected significantly by the substrate through long-range charge redistribution occurring during the adsorption. Alkyl dithiol monolayers on GaAs are highly stable as compared to monolayers of monothiols on GaAs or dithiols on gold. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal fairly weak binding of monothiol layers on GaAs, prone to rapid oxidation at the molecule−substrate interface. This is in contrast with the high stability of monothiols on gold. However, in the case of dithiols, the situation is reversed. When adsorbed on gold, the top thiol group tends to oxidize, whereas on GaAs, it does not. Furthermore, the monolayer was found to be stable in ambient for months. Contact potential difference (CPD) measurements showed a significant difference in charge distribution on the monolayers adsorbed on the two substrates, gold and GaAs. The change in reactivity and stability is attributed to the difference in the substrate-induced charge distribution across the adsorbed molecules.
Computer cursor control by motor cortical signals in humans with tetraplegia (2009)

A direct neural interface system (NIS) promises to provide communication and independence to persons with paralysis by harnessing intact motor cortical signals to enable controlling prosthetic devices. An intracortical NIS aims to achieve this by sensing extracellular neuronal signals through chronically implanted microelectrodes and by decoding the spiking activity of neurons into prosthetic control signals. In non-human primate studies, decoding has been performed by finding a relationship between neuronal signals and actual limb movements. However, such decoding approaches face challenges in the case of paralyzed persons where there is no true movement information. Specifically, we have focused on dealing with several key questions in decoding of neural activity in humans with paralysis: what movement parameters should be decoded?; which decoding algorithms lead to more accurate estimation of movement parameters?; how do we train decoding algorithms without observing actual movement parameters?; and how many control parameters can be decoded from a single neural ensemble? In this paper, we summarize our recent studies to address these questions to improve decoding performance, which enables a human with tetraplegia to drive a 2D computer cursor to an arbitrary position and execute a “click” on the area of interest.
Fabrication, Modeling and Characterization of Multi-Crosslinked Methacrylate Copolymeric Nanoparticles for Oral Drug Delivery (2011)

Nanotechnology remains the field to explore in the quest to enhance therapeutic efficacies of existing drugs. Fabrication of a methacrylate copolymer-lipid nanoparticulate (MCN) system was explored in this study for oral drug delivery of levodopa. The nanoparticles were fabricated employing multicrosslinking technology and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, structural modification, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. Chemometric Computational (CC) modeling was conducted to deduce the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis as well as to corroborate the experimental findings. The CC modeling deduced that the nanoparticles synthesis may have followed the mixed triangular formations or the mixed patterns. They were found to be hollow nanocapsules with a size ranging from 152 nm (methacrylate copolymer) to 321 nm (methacrylate copolymer blend) and a zeta potential range of 15.8-43.3 mV. The nanoparticles were directly compressible and it was found that the desired rate of drug release could be achieved by formulating the nanoparticles as a nanosuspension, and then directly compressing them into tablet matrices or incorporating the nanoparticles directly into polymer tablet matrices. However, sustained release of MCNs was achieved only when it was incorporated into a polymer matrix. The experimental results were well corroborated by the CC modeling. The developed technology may be potentially useful for the fabrication of multi-crosslinked polymer blend nanoparticles for oral drug delivery.
CHAPTER 7. Peptide Cross-links Catalyzed by Metalloenzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis (2017)

Covalent cross-links play an important role in tailoring the structure and bioactivity of peptide natural products. While many peptide cross-links can be achieved by reactions involving heterolytic chemistries, some require radical mechanisms to activate otherwise inert bonds. This type of one-electron chemistry is found in the biosynthesis of two of our most important antibiotics, penicillin and vancomycin, in addition to small peptide products, such as the antibiotic subtilosin A, the redox co-factor pyrroloquinoline quinone, and the putative bacterial signaling molecule streptide. This chapter takes a look at the structures and mechanisms of the three known classes of metalloenzymes that carry out the one-electron reactions required to form the C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–S bonds that make up the cross-links in these molecules.
Second-Order Nonlinear Optics Based on Chiral Materials (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Martti Kauranen, Bertrand Busson, Sven Van Elshocht, Thierry Verbiest, André Persoons, Colin Nuckolls, and Thomas J. Katz, "Second-Order Nonlinear Optics Based on Chiral Materials," Optics & Photonics News 11(12), 24-25 (2000) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines by Groebke—Blackburn Reaction. (2011)

Abstract The title reaction can be achieved with different isocyanides and benzaldehydes giving products (IV) with a broad variety of substituents in the imidazole moiety.
Iridium(III) Complex-Loaded Perfluoropropane Nanobubbles for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy (2021)

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel promising approach for the minimally invasive treatment of cancer derived from photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, we have explored an effective sonosensitizer for SDT by loading the iridium(III) complex [Ir(<i>ppy</i>)<sub>2</sub>(<i>en</i>)] OOCCH<sub>3</sub>, where <i>ppy</i> = 2-phenylpyridine and <i>en</i> = ethylenediamine], from now on referred to as Ir, with high photosensitizing ability, into echogenic nanobubbles (Ir-NBs). Akin to photosensitizers, sonosensitizers are acoustically activated by deep-tissue-penetrating low-frequency ultrasound (US) resulting in a localized therapeutic effect attributed to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Ir-NB formulation was optimized, and the <i>in vitro</i> characterizations were carried out, including physical properties, acoustic performance, intracellular ROS generation, and cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines. Ir-NBs had an average size of 303.3 ± 91.7 nm with a bubble concentration of 9.28 × 10<sup>10</sup> particles/mL immediately following production. We found that the initial Ir feeding concentration had a negligible effect on the NB size, but affected the bubble concentration as well as the acoustic performance of the NBs. Through a combination of sonication and Ir-NBs treatment, an increase of 68.8% and 69.6% cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), respectively, was observed compared to the application of Ir-NBs alone. Furthermore, Ir-NBs exposed to the US also induced the highest levels of intracellular ROS generation compared to free Ir and free Ir with empty NBs. The combination of these results suggests that the differences in treatment efficacy is a direct result of acoustic cavitation. These results provide evidence that US activated Ir-loaded NBs have the potential to become an effective sonosensitizer for SDT.
Kinase Drug Discovery – What’s Next in the Field? (2012)

Over the past 15 years protein kinases have become the pharmaceutical industry's most important class of drug target in the field of cancer. Some 20 drugs that target kinases have been approved for clinical use over the past decade, and hundreds more are undergoing clinical trials. However, the recent approval of the first protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, coupled with an enhanced understanding of the signaling networks that control the immune system, suggests that there will be a surge of interest in this area over the next 10 years. In this connection, we discuss opportunities for targeting protein kinases in the MyD88 signaling network for the development of drugs to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Activating mutations in protein kinases underlie many other diseases and conditions, and we also discuss why the protein kinases SPAK/OSR1 and LRRK2 have recently become interesting targets for the treatment of hypertension and Parkinson's disease, respectively, and the progress that has been made in developing LRRK2 inhibitors. Finally we suggest that more focus on the identification of inhibitors of kinase activation, rather than kinase activity, may pay dividends in identifying exquisitely specific inhibitors of signal transduction cascades, and we also highlight "pseudo-kinases" as an attractive and unexplored area for drug development that merits much more attention in the years to come.
Submodular Optimization for Voltage Control (2017)

Voltage instability occurs when a power system is unable to meet the reactive power demand, and is typically corrected by switching on additional reactive power devices such as capacitor banks. Real-time monitoring and communication technologies can potentially improve voltage stability by enabling the rapid detection of low voltages and the implementation of corrective actions. These corrective actions, however, will only be effective in restoring stability if they are chosen in a timely, scalable manner. In this paper, we propose a submodular optimization approach for designing a control strategy that prevents voltage instability. Our key insight is that the voltage deviation from the desired level is a supermodular function of the set of reactive power injections that are employed, leading to computationally efficient control algorithms for stabilization with provable optimality guarantees. This submodular control framework is tested on the IEEE 300-bus transmission system.
MPD - Drilling Optimization Technology, Risk Management Tool, or Both? (2011)

Abstract Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) was introduced to offshore drilling decision-makers in 2003. To garner industry attention, it was taught in a "let me show you the money" style with a focus upon its ability to mitigate the types of drilling challenges that often manifest excessive drilling non-productive time (NPT), high mud costs and failure to reach the total objective with large enough hole for optimum well productivity. Hundreds of offshore applications have now been safely and effectively practiced from all types of offshore rigs. Compared to offset wells, NPT and mud costs are reduced significantly. Otherwise technically or economically un-drillable prospects have been drilled, increasing recoverable reserves in operator's business units. There have been no reportable well control incidents where the root cause has been attributed to the technology itself or failure of its key enabling equipment. All operators’ business units who have practiced MPD, however conservatively as an early adopter, appear to have no reservation about applying it again on challenging prospects that may benefit from its hallmark – optimizing the drilling process by precise management of the wellbore pressure profile. There is no doubt that MPD has "showed the money". However, its track record has demonstrated other strengths of significance in today's drilling environment. MPD is being recognized as a risk management technology applicable to complex prospects whose drilling hazards, if not mitigated with best available technology, increase the risk of a well control scenario developing and time for "something else to go wrong". Un-mitigated drilling hazards may also contribute to the well being over budget and behind schedule - a human factors climate which tempts short cuts and cost savings later in drilling program and plugging &amp; abandonment (P&amp;A) operations that are not peer-reviewed or thoroughly vetted for added risk and potential HSE consequences. This paper will provide evidence in the form of case studies that suggest the industry consider the positive effects on drilling costs and increased recoverable reserves as welcome by-products of MPD applications but not necessarily the primary objective of its application.
Effect of Grain Boundary Structure on Weld Decay of Austenitic Stainless Steel (Part 1). Grain Boundary Structure and Intergranular Corrosion in a Type 304 Stainless Steel Weld Heat Affected Zone. (1991)

Grain boundary carbide precipitation and corrosion in weld heat affected zone of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy to discuss effects of grain boundary structure on precipitation and corrosion from a crystallographic viewpoint. In the grain boundary precipitation region, the frequency of grain boundary carbide precipitation had a maximum near the coarse grained region and decreased gradually with the distance from there to the unaffected base metal region. The frequency increased with weld heat input. Strauss test of 304 steel HAZ showed that all the cracked grain boundaries after bend test had carbide precipitates and that the frequency of cracked boundary was roughly proportional to the frequency of grain boundary precipitation.
Assessing and optimizing the acoustical parameters of concert halls for Korean traditional music (1999)

The western music has been studied for many decades in acoustical viewpoint. Many objective parameters are developed for the purpose of assessing the concert halls and optimal values of them were studied. Oriental music, however, and musics of the other cultures have not been studied well yet and neither is Korean traditional music. Although Korean traditional music is somewhat different from western music in sense of the structure of instruments, the style, and the concert halls, something making common people feel the music to be beautiful may have many factors in common. In this paper, a few acoustical parameters of Korean concert halls have been studied by that assumption. Many parameters of traditional concert halls and modern concert halls for Korean traditional music have been measured. The halls were modeled for computer simulation and then varied to find optimal conditions of the halls for Korean traditional music by listening to artificially generated live music in the simulated virtual halls. The method of assessing and finding the optimal condition proposed in this paper may be applied to the other cultural music, too.