gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shielded-Loop-Type Onchip Magnetic-Field Probe to Evaluate Radiated Emission From Thin-Film Noise Suppressor (2007)

A silicon integrated RF magnetic field probe has been designed and microfabricated using CMOS-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology with a 0.15-mum design rule on a high-resistivity silicon substrate. The size of the coil window was 180times180 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Coil and electrodes were separated by a 530-mum-long stripline so as to avoid stray voltage induction at the electrode portion. This probe was applied to evaluate the radiated emission from a thin-film electromagnetic noise suppressor. It was clarified and shown that the field intensity was suppressed by 4.0 dB at the center of the signal line at 1 GHz
Identification of Susceptible Loci and Enriched Pathways for Bipolar II Disorder Using Genome-Wide Association Studies (2016)

We reported novel susceptible loci for pure bipolar subtype II disorder that is less addressed in the literature. Future studies are needed to confirm the roles of these loci for bipolar disorder subtype II.
Airframe Design for "Silent Aircraft" (2007)

The noise goal of the Silent Aircraft Initiative, a collaborative effort between industry, academia and government agencies led by Cambridge University and MIT, demands an airframe design with noise as a prime design variable. This poses a number of design challenges and the necessary design philosophy inherently cuts across multiple disciplines involving aerodynamics, structures, acoustics, mission analysis and operations, and dynamics and control. This paper discusses a novel design methodology synthesizing first principles analysis and high-fidelity simulations, and presents the conceptual design of an aircraft with a calculated noise level of 62 dBA at the airport perimeter. This is near the background noise in a well populated area, making the aircraft imperceptible to the human ear on takeoff and landing. The all-lifting airframe of the conceptual aircraft design also has the potential for a reduced fuel burn of 124 passenger-miles per gallon, a 25% improvement compared to existing commercial aircraft. A key enabling technology in this conceptual design is the aerodynamic shaping of the airframe centerbody which is the main focus of this paper. Design requirements and challenges are identified and the resulting aerodynamic design is discussed in depth. The paper concludes with suggestions for continued research on enabling technologies for quiet commercial aircraft.
Electron Beam Addressed Spatial Light Modulator (1986)

An electron beam addressed spatial light modulator using 55 degree cut LiNb0<sub>3</sub> for both coherent and incoherent light modulation is reported. The device is compact and can be operated fully electronically since it incorporates a single electron gun for writing and erasing operations. With this device, a resolution of 3 1p/mm at 50 % modulation, 13 1p/mm at 5 % modulation, a cycle time of 1/30 second and contrast ratio of greater than 1000 : 1 ( coherent) and 20 : 1 (incoherent) are achieved. The device can be used in many applications such as radar and sonor processing, microwave holography, transducer for electric serial signal to optical parallel signal and large screen display.
The Positively Charged Termini of L2 Minor Capsid Protein Required for Bovine Papillomavirus Infection Function Separately in Nuclear Import and DNA Binding (2004)

During the papillomavirus (PV) life cycle, the L2 minor capsid protein enters the nucleus twice: in the initial phase after entry of virions into cells and in the productive phase to mediate encapsidation of the newly replicated viral genome. Therefore, we investigated the interactions of the L2 protein of bovine PV type 1 (BPV1) with the nuclear import machinery and the viral DNA. We found that BPV1 L2 bound to the karyopherin alpha2 (Kap alpha2) adapter and formed a complex with Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers. Previous data have shown that the positively charged termini of BPV1 L2 are required for BPV1 infection after the binding of the virions to the cell surface. We determined that these BPV1 L2 termini function as nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Both the N-terminal NLS (nNLS) and the C-terminal NLS (cNLS) interacted with Kap alpha2, formed a complex with Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers, and mediated nuclear import via a Kap alpha2beta1 pathway. Interestingly, the cNLS was also the major DNA binding site of BPV1 L2. Consistent with the promiscuous DNA encapsidation by BPV1 pseudovirions, this DNA binding occurred without nucleotide sequence specificity. Moreover, an L2 mutant encoding a scrambled version of the cNLS, which supports production of virions, rescued the DNA binding but not the Kap alpha2 interaction. These data support a model in which BPV1 L2 functions as an adapter between the viral DNA via the cNLS and the Kaps via the nNLS and facilitates nuclear import of the DNA during infection.
On the warmup of Li-ion cells from sub-zero temperatures (2014)

Lithium (Li) ion cells suffer from significant performance degradation at sub-zero temperatures. This paper presents a Predictive Control based technique that exploits the increased internal resistance of Li-ion cells to improve the power capability of Li-ion cells operating at sub-zero temperatures. The current is shaped as bi-directional pulses to minimize total energy discharge and adverse side reactions. The magnitude of current is determined by solving an optimization problem that penalizes energy loss. The penalty in energy loss is found to be influence the size external storage elements. When compared with the case when no penalty is imposed, gains of up to 20% are noted through simulations.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Combinatorial drug discovery in nanoliter droplets. (2018)

Combinatorial drug treatment strategies perturb biological networks synergistically to achieve therapeutic effects and represent major opportunities to develop advanced treatments across a variety of human disease areas. However, the discovery of new combinatorial treatments is challenged by the sheer scale of combinatorial chemical space. Here, we report a high-throughput system for nanoliter-scale phenotypic screening that formulates a chemical library in nanoliter droplet emulsions and automates the construction of chemical combinations en masse using parallel droplet processing. We applied this system to predict synergy between more than 4,000 investigational and approved drugs and a panel of 10 antibiotics against Escherichia coli, a model gram-negative pathogen. We found a range of drugs not previously indicated for infectious disease that synergize with antibiotics. Our validated hits include drugs that synergize with the antibiotics vancomycin, erythromycin, and novobiocin, which are used against gram-positive bacteria but are not effective by themselves to resolve gram-negative infections. high-throughput screening | nanoliter droplet | drug synergy | antibiotics
CT Findings of Hypoxic Basal Ganglia Damage (1994)

The outcome of hypoxic ischemic injury ranges from complete recovery to a persistent vegetative state or death, depending on the length of time the patient remains unconscious and the degree of associated cardiac failure. We describe three patients who were comatose from a hypoxic and/or ischemic injury and whose principal computed tomographic (CT) finding was bilateral basal ganglia hypodensities. Two of these patients were discharged from the hospital with minimal residual neurologic deficits. These cases and review of the literature suggest that ischemic basal ganglia signs on CT scan are not necessarily a predictor of severe neurologic sequelae.
Anisotropic elasticity for inversion-safety and element rehabilitation (2019)

We present an analysis of anisotropic hyperelasticity, specifically transverse isotropy, that obtains closed-form expressions for the eigendecompositions of many common energies. We then use these to build fast and concise Newton implementations. We leverage our analysis in two separate applications. First, we show that existing anisotropic energies are not inversion-safe, and contain spurious stable states under large deformation. We then propose a new anisotropic strain invariant that enables the formulation of a novel, robust, and inversion-safe energy. The new energy fits completely within our analysis, so closed-form expressions are obtained for its eigensystem as well. Secondly, we use our analysis to rehabilitate badly-conditioned finite elements. Using this method, we can robustly simulate large deformations even when a mesh contains degenerate, zero-volume elements. We accomplish this by swapping the badly-behaved isotropic direction with a well-behaved anisotropic term. We validate our approach on a variety of examples.
Silver colloidal pastes for dye analysis of reference and historical textile fibers using direct, extractionless, non-hydrolysis surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2013)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ideal tool for analyzing dyes on historical textiles because it requires very little sample compared to other available analytical methods and analysis can be done directly on the fiber. This paper reports on the first systematic study of the use of citrate-reduced silver colloidal pastes for the direct, extractionless, non-hydrolysis detection of dyes directly on wool, silk, cotton, and flax fibers. This type of study provides greater insight into the optimal conditions required for accurate analysis of dyes in historical samples. In this work, Ag colloidal pastes were characterized using localized surface plasmon resonance and scanning electron microscopy. The pastes were then employed for SERS analysis of twelve reference samples of different vegetal and animal fibers dyed with cochineal and eleven dyed with brazilwood. Furthermore, six historical textiles from an important collection of Mariano Fortuny (1871-1949) textiles at the Art Institute of Chicago were also examined, to test the efficacy of the paste on aged samples, and to shed light on Fortuny's fascinating production techniques. A mixture of cochineal and brazilwood was detected in some of the historical samples demonstrating, for the first time, simultaneous identification of these colorants used in combination. In addition, the findings give substance to the claim that Fortuny kept using natural dyes at a time when many new and attractive synthetic products became available.
Multimedia Retrieval and Delivery: Essential Metadata Challenges and Standards To allow reduced costs, technical competition and evolution, and development of sizeable markets, standards are needed for metadata about the nature, production, management and use of multimedia material. (2008)

Multimedia information retrieval (MIR) and delivery plays an important role in many application domains due to the increasing need to identify, filter, and manage growing amounts of data, notably multimedia information. To efficiently manage and exchange multimedia information, interoperability between coded data and metadata is required and standardization is central to achieving the necessary level of interoperability. In the context of this paper, the term retrieval refers to the process by which a user, human or machine, identifies the content it needs, and the term delivery refers to the adaptive transport and consumption of the identified content in a particular context or usage environment. Both the retrieval and delivery processes may require content and context metadata. This paper will argue that maximum quality of experience depends not only on the content itself (and thus content metadata) but also on the consumption conditions (thus context metadata). Additionally, the rights and protection conditions have become critically important in recent years, especially with the explosion of electronic music commerce and different Bshopping( conditions. This paper will review existing multimedia standards related to information retrieval and adaptive delivery of multimedia content, empha- sizing the need for such standards, and will show how these standards can help the development, dissemination, and valorization of MIR research results. Moreover, it will also discuss limitations of the current standards and anticipate what future standardization activities are relevant and needed. Due to space limitations, the paper will mainly concentrate on MPEG standards although many other relevant standards are also reviewed and discussed.
Corticosteroids After Traumatic Brain Injury: New Evidence to Support Their Use (2006)

Bernard, Francis MD, FRCPC; Menon, David K. MD, PhD FRCP, FRCA, FmedSci; Matta, Basil F. FRCA Author Information
On-Site Manufacture of Large Cement Structures (2019)

ORNL worked with GE Renewable Energy to develop additive manufacturing capabilities that enable the manufacture of large cement structures on-site. This project resulted in the testing and definition of the materials and deposition functions necessary for an on-site additive manufacturing system. Test articles were manufactured using a medium-scale prototype system, and mechanical testing of the samples was performed.
Comparative electromigration performance of Pb Free flip chip joints with varying board surface condition (2009)

For the past several years, the semiconductor industry has been responding to the RoHS directive to eliminate certain hazardous substances from electronic components. One of the areas where work is still ongoing to comply is in the area of flip chip interconnects. Currently, leaded flip chip interconnects are allowed under an exemption in the RoHS directive due to a perceived lack of a technically viable solution. Recently, a number of Pb-Free flip chip interconnects have been introduced to the industry and have been in high volume production for a few years. Electromigration is an area which has received quite a bit of attention over the years. There is a large body of data in the area of High-Pb and Sn/Pb eutectic flip chip interconnect systems, but there is still a relatively small database with regard to Pb-Free flip chip interconnects. This paper addresses relative electromigration performance on different base surface finishes of organic laminates, which is one of the key aspects where additional knowledge is needed to understand the proper implementation direction for Pb-Free flip chip interconnects. The impact of ENIG, ENEPIG, and bare Cu on Sn/Ag bump electromigration including FA results is presented.
Reversible Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Chromic Transparent Wood Biocomposites for Smart Window Applications (2021)

Transparent wood (TW)-based composites are of significant interest for smart window applications. In this research, we demonstrate a facile dual-stimuli-responsive chromic TW where optical properties are reversibly controlled in response to changes in temperature and UV-radiation. For this functionality, bleached wood was impregnated with solvent-free thiol and ene monomers containing chromic components, consisting of a mixture of thermo- and photoresponsive chromophores, and was then UV-polymerized. Independent optical properties of individual chromic components were retained in the compositional mixture. This allowed to enhance the absolute optical transmission to 4 times above the phase change temperature. At the same time, the transmission at 550 nm could be reduced 11-77%, on exposure to UV by changing the concentration of chromic components. Chromic components were localized inside the lumen of the wood structure, and durable reversible optical properties were demonstrated by multiple cycling testing. In addition, the chromic TW composites showed reversible energy absorption capabilities for heat storage applications and demonstrated an enhancement of 64% in the tensile modulus as compared to a native thiol-ene polymer. This study elucidates the polymerization process and effect of chromic components distribution and composition on the material's performance and perspectives toward the development of smart photoresponsive windows with energy storage capabilities.
Efficient Relativistic Magnetron With a Split Cathode (2021)

An L-band all cavity axial extraction (ACAE) relativistic magnetron (RM) with a split cathode is proposed. The proposed RM is driven by virtual cathode that formed by axial flow of electrons from two conical emitters at both sides of slow wave structure, which is different from other RM that powered by radial flow of electrons from a cathode inside the interaction region. This cathode structure is simple but practical to generate a squeeze state electron in an RM with almost all the output structure. To improve the output performance, the anode blocks are modified with additional sections at both ends. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results illustrate that when this tube is applied with a diode voltage of 600 kV, an average output microwave power of 1.6 GW can be obtained. Comparing with ACAE-RM using a conventional transparent cathode, the power conversion efficiency is improved from 47% to 67%.
Metal pillar interconnection topology for bonded two-terminal multijunction III&#x2013;V solar cells (2013)

Metal-interconnected multijunction solar cells offer one pathway toward efficiencies in excess of 50%. However, if a 3- or 4-terminal configuration is used, optical losses from the interfacial grid can be considerable. Here, we examine an alternative which provides an optimal interconnection for two-terminal bonded devices. This “pillar-array” topology is optimized by minimizing the sum of all power losses, including shadow losses and numerically computed electrical losses. Numerical modeling is used to illustrate the benefit of a pillar-array interfacial metallization for some 2-terminal configurations.
A Smart Frequency Domain-Based Modeling Procedure of Rogowski Coil for Power Systems Applications (2020)

Rogowski coils are key measurement instruments in several applications due to their flexibility, large bandwidth, linearity, and so on. Like the majority of the instrument transformers (ITs), Rogowski coils are standardized and their use is regulated almost for every application. This article focuses on a smart way for the equivalent parameters' computation of the Rogowski coil. The parameter computation is performed by evaluating the Rogowski response when subjected to a single waveform generated to fulfill a specific requirement on its frequency content. Results demonstrate the equivalency of the presented method compared to the typical frequency sweep test. In addition, the results have been used to validate Rogowski's output estimate procedure presented by the authors in a previous work.
Field PMU Test and Calibration Method—PartII: Test Signal Identification Methods and FieldTest Applications (2023)

Synchrophasor measurement units (PMUs) provide synchronized measurement data for wide-area applications. To improve the effectiveness of synchrophasor-based applications, field PMUs must be tested to ensure their performance and data quality. In the companion paper (Part I), we proposed a field PMU test and calibration framework consisting of a PMU calibrator and analysis center. Part I presents the development and test of the PMU calibrator. This paper focuses on the analysis center and field test applications. First, the critical component of the analysis center is the signal identification module, for which the step and oscillation signal identification methods are proposed. Here, the performance evaluation criteria of PMU in these two cases are different from others. The methods include a step signal detection method based on singular value decomposition (SVD), which has the capability of weak step detection to account for energy leakage of the signal during the step process, and an oscillation signal identification method based on SVD and fast Fourier transform, which can accurately extract oscillation components that benefit from the adaptive threshold setting method. Second, the analysis center software is implemented based on identification results. By integrating the PMU calibrator in Part I with the analysis center in Part II, we can examine in depth the field PMU test applications in three test scenarios, including standard, playback, and field signal test. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed field PMU test methods from both Parts I and II.
Endothelial Cell-Specific MCPIP Deletion Causes Endothelial Dysfunction and Impairs Post-ischemic Angiogenesis in Vivo (2017)

ABSTRACT Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. MCPIP (also known as Zc3h12a or Regnase-1), a newly identified suppressor of cytokine signaling, is expressed in endothelial cells. To directly test the role of endothelium-derived MCPIP in cardiovascular pathophysiology, we specifically targeted deletion of the murine MCPIP gene in the endothelium by using the loxP/Cre system. A floxed MCPIP knock in mouse line was crossbred with VEcadherin5-Cre mice to generate offspring with deletion of the MCPIP gene in ECs (ECKO). Ablation of MCPIP in ECs resulted in systemic inflammation, anemia, splenomegaly, increased vessel permeability, muscle wasting, endothelial dysfunction, thrombus formation, impaired blood perfusion, and reduced lifespan in these mice. Serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, and biomarkers of EC dysfunction were significantly elevated in the ECKO mice, suggesting a hypercytokinemia. These mice also were more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide-induced death. When subjected to ischemia, these mice showed defective post-ischemic angiogenesis and impaired blood flow recovery in hind limb ischemia and stroke models, as well as in wound healing. This effect was associated with an increased cellular infiltration, cytokine expression, and decreased angiogenic factors. Moreover, MCPIP–deficient ECs displayed decreased vascular sprouting and tube elongation in ex vivo aortic ring assay. MCPIP-knockdown in cultured ECs enhanced NF-κΒ activity and dysregulated synthesis of microRNAs linked with elevated cytokines and biomarkers of EC dysfunction. These data show, for the first time, that constitutive expression of MCPIP in ECs is essential to maintain ECs in a quiescent state by serving as an important negative feedback regulator that keeps the inflammatory signaling suppressed.