gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Delithiated Li<sub>1.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.54</sub>Ni<sub>0.13</sub>Co<sub>0.13</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis and Cathode Properties in Magnesium Rechargeable Battery Applications (2021)

Chemically-delithiated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is regarded as a potential candidate of cathode active materials for magnesium rechargeable batteries owing to its large deliverable capacity and high operation voltage compared to conventional layered transition metal oxides. Our previous study suggested its chemical composition as Li0.13Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2−δ by X-ray diffraction combined with XAFS analysis. We herein re-analyzed the substantial composition and crystal structure by employing titration technique and combination of neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffractions. Two topotactic phases both belonging to the space group of R3m were strongly suggested by Rietveld analysis, and the chemical formula was subsequently re-defined as Li0.17Mn0.72Ni0.18Co0.18O2 where oxygen defects were filled by a rearrangement from C2/m structure. Although the battery performance of that active material was poor in the previous study, the discharge capacity greater than 400 mAh g−1, ca. 95 % of the theoretical capacity, was achieved by using certain anodically stable electrolytes and specific cell configuration. This result strongly implies that the R3m structure is particularly suitable as a host material for Mg2+ intercalation.
Challenges of Nanoscale Characterisation of Litihum-Based Energy Materials (2020)

The electric energy revolution is driven by battery technology. New chemistries and control systems enables the widespread use of portable electric devices, such as phones, computers, power tools and automobiles. The upward trend in battery performance relies on continuous research[1]. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a commonly used tool for nano-scale characterisation, as it allows for imaging as well as elemental and chemical analysis, when combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)[2], [3]. EELS is a particularly useful technique, as the near-edge structure of the ionization edges often give chemical bonding information. However, the high energy electron beam used in STEM can damage materials[4]. This is especially problematic in the field of battery research. Low-Z elements such as lithium, carbon and oxygen, are particularly susceptible to knock-on damage[4]. Since these elements are common in lithium-ion batteries, understanding how the beam affects materials is critical to the analysis of the materials. Commercially pure chemical compounds (LiF, LiCl, Li 2 CO 3 ), acquired from MilliporeSigma, are exposed to the microscope beam, under condition favorable for EELS analysis of the Lithium K-edge. An EELS spectrometer is used to serially acquire energy loss spectra of the materials. These time-sensing series show how the near edge structure of lithium evolve as the material is damaged by the beam. In this work, the abherrent effects of the electron microscope on lithium samples is made evident. [1] J. B. Goodenough and K.-S. Park, “The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective,” Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 1167–1176, Jan. 2013. [2] D. B. Williams, Transmission electron microscopy: a textbook for materials science , 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2008. [3] J. I. Goldstein et al. , Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis a Text for Biologists, Materials Scientists, and Geologists . Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. [4] R. F. Egerton, “Mechanisms of radiation damage in beam-sensitive specimens, for TEM accelerating voltages between 10 and 300 kV,” Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol. 75, no. 11, pp. 1550–1556, Nov. 2012. Figure 1
Protocol Operation (2011)

This chapter gives a fundamental overview of communication protocol operation. The concept of layering is introduced along with the definitions of communication primitives, protocol and service data units, data encapsulation, and service access points. An example for layering – the OSI Reference Model – is also presented. The service provided by a protocol can be characterized based on the various distributed communication models and operational environments. The model of an operation environment along with its characteristics and the model of a communication node are introduced as well. Various communication problems, trigger conditions, and the purpose of the timer trigger condition are discussed. Protocol interaction scenarios are presented with respect to the number of participants and the reliability of the transmission medium. The characteristics of these dialogues are also introduced and discussed.
Nucleotide sequence and taxonomical distribution of the bacteriocin gene lin cloned from Brevibacterium linens M18 (1996)

Linocin M18 is an antilisterial bacteriocin produced by the red smear cheese bacterium Brevibacterium linens M18. Oligonucleotide probes based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence were used to locate its single copy gene, lin, on the chromosomal DNA. The amino acid composition, N-terminal sequence, and molecular mass derived from the nucleotide sequence of an open reading frame of 798 nucleotides coding for 266 amino acids found on a 3-kb BamHI restriction fragment correspond closely to those obtained from the purified protein (N. Valdés-Stauber and S. Scherer, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3809-3814, 1994). No sequence homology to any protein or nucleotide sequences deposited in databases was found. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the N-terminal amino acid sequence derived from the protein suggests that B. linens M18 produces an N-formyl-methionyl-CAC tRNA. A wide taxonomical distribution of the gene within coryneform bacteria has been demonstrated by PCR amplification. The structural gene from linocin M18 is present at least in three Brevibacterium species, five Arthrobacter species, and five Corynebacterium species.
Geometrical Properties of Modelled Robot Elasticity: Part II — Center of Elasticity (1992)

Abstract The elastic characteristics of many robot systems can be modeled by a 6 × 6 stiffness or compliance matrix. Several new and important results are presented via screw theory: i) A generalized center-of-elasticity is proposed based on Ball’s (1900) principal screws and its properties are investigated, ii) If a compliant axis exists, it is shown to pass through the center. iii) The perpendicular vectors from the center to the wrench-compliant axes are coplanar and sum to zero. A similar result holds for the twist-compliant axes, iv) Linear and rotational properties are characterized by dual ellipsoids in three-dimensional space. These elements simplify the understanding of complex elastic properties.
Physical verification and manufacturing of contact/via layers using grapho-epitaxy DSA processes (2014)

This paper extends the state of the art by describing the practical material’s challenges, as well as approaches to minimize their impact in the manufacture of contact/via layers using a grapho-epitaxy directed self assembly (DSA) process. Three full designs have been analyzed from the point of view of layout constructs. A construct is an atomic and repetitive section of the layout which can be analyzed in isolation. Results indicate that DSA’s main benefit is its ability to be resilient to the shape of the guiding pattern across process window. The results suggest that directed self assembly can still be guaranteed even with high distortion of the guiding patterns when the guiding patterns have been designed properly for the target process. Focusing on a 14nm process based on 193i lithography, we present evidence of the need of DSA compliance methods and mask synthesis tools which consider pattern dependencies of adjacent structures a few microns away. Finally, an outlook as to the guidelines and challenges to DSA copolymer mixtures and process are discussed highlighting the benefits of mixtures of homo polymer and diblock copolymer to reduce the number of defects of arbitrarily placed hole configurations.
The role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in distinguishing pancreatic cystic lesions (2006)

Distinguishing mucinous from nonmucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas often constitutes a diagnostic dilemma. The clinical management differs between such lesions; therefore it is important to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Various centers have reported conflicting results regarding their ability to detect mucin-producing neoplastic cells and appropriately reach a diagnosis based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of EUS-FNA cytology to diagnose and differentiate mucinous from nonmucinous pancreatic cystic lesions. We reviewed records of patients who underwent EUS of pancreatic cystic lesions. If FNA was performed and mucinous neoplasm was suspected, aspirate was evaluated for cytomorphology and presence of mucin. FNA results were compared to final histologic diagnosis if surgery was performed. Cytologic diagnosis was provided for 28/30 (93%). By comparing EUS-FNA diagnoses with final surgical pathology, FNA accurately diagnosed in 10/11 cases with sensitivity and specificity for detection of malignancy of 100 and 89, respectively, while the accuracy for identification of mucinous cystic neoplasms was 100%. Our results indicate that in the appropriate clinical and imaging setting, EUS-FNA cytology with analysis for mucin production by tumor cells is an important test in distinguishing pancreatic cystic lesions and guiding further management.
Supplementary Figure S2 from CYP27A1 Loss Dysregulates Cholesterol Homeostasis in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Evaluation of CYP27A1 expression in PC cells&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental characterization of dispersion properties of the leaky modes in planar photonic crystal waveguide (2002)

We have experimentally obtained the dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in a planar photonic crystal waveguide for wavelengths from 1440 nm to 1590 nm. A small stop band around /spl lambda/=1500 nm is also detected. The experimental results are in very good agreement with our 3D FDTD calculations.
Organic semiconductor complementary logic circuits (2003)

We report the characteristics of all organic complementary circuits including ring oscillators, registers, and flip-flop circuits. Both simulation and experimental results are discussed. The five-stage ring oscillators have a delay time of 38 /spl mu/s (2.63 kHz oscillation frequency) which is close to simulation results from SPICE with organic transistor parameters.
Schottky contact on a ZnO (0001) single crystal with conducting polymer (2007)

High quality Schottky junctions were fabricated on a ZnO (0001) bulk single crystal by spin coating a commercial conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as the metal electrodes. The junctions exhibited excellent rectifying behavior with a typical ideality factor of 1.2. Such parameters as Schottky barrier height (ϕb) and built-in potential (Vbi) show negligible variation among junctions. The electron affinity of ZnO derived from ϕb and qVbi values show a slight deviation (∼0.2eV), suggesting the existence of spontaneously formed interfacial dipole layer between ZnO (0001) polar surface and anionic PSS molecules.
Usable security for wireless body-area networks (2013)

We expect wireless body-area networks of pervasive wearable devices will enable in situ health monitoring, personal assistance, entertainment personalization, and home automation. As these devices become ubiquitous, we also expect them to interoperate. That is, instead of closed, end-to-end body-worn sensing systems, we envision standardized sensors that wirelessly communicate their data to a device many people already carry today, the smart phone. However, this ubiquity of wireless sensors combined with the characteristics they sense present many security and privacy problems. 
In this thesis we describe solutions to two of these problems. First, we evaluate the use of bioimpedance for recognizing who is wearing these wireless sensors and show that bioimpedance is a feasible biometric. Second, we investigate the use of accelerometers for verifying whether two of these wireless sensors are on the same person and show that our method is successful as distinguishing between sensors on the same body and on different bodies. We stress that any solution to these problems must be usable, meaning the user should not have to do anything but attach the sensor to their body and have them just work.
These methods solve interesting problems in their own right, but it is the combination of these methods that shows their true power. Combined together they allow a network of wireless sensors to cooperate and determine whom they are sensing even though only one of the wireless sensors might be able to determine this fact. If all the wireless sensors know they are on the same body as each other and one of them knows which person it is on, then they can each exploit the transitive relationship to know that they must all be on that person’s body. We show how these methods can work together in a prototype system. This ability to operate unobtrusively, collecting in situ data and labeling it properly without interrupting the wearer’s activities of daily life, will be vital to the success of these wireless sensors.
Focus on Clozapine: a new explanation for its atypical character (2005)

Although atypical antipsychotics have become the treatment of choice for schizophrenia, there is no consensus on the mechanisms of action leading to the ‘atypical’ character of these medications. Atypical antipsychotics are often referred to as ‘novel’, even though the prototypical antipsychotic of this series, clozapine, has been introduced into clinics for decades. Clozapine was found effective in some of the animal models predicting an antipsychotic action, for instance blockade of apomorphine-induced climbing, but not on models such as blockade of apomorphine-induced stereotypies. The dissociation between the effects of clozapine, which contrasts with those of the classical antipsychotics like haloperidol that is equally effective on both models, did not draw particular attention initially, was not recognized as an indication for a potential atypical clinical profile and is still incompletely understood. Psychiatrists using clozapine in psychotic patients at the time of its introduction in clinics were not particularly impressed by its therapeutic efficacy and were daunted by the serious side-effects that led to the discontinuation of the drug. The interest in clozapine was rejuvenated in 1988 after the publication of a double-blind clinical study showing the efficacy of clozapine in psychotic patients refractory to typical antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine (Kane et al., 1988). Due to its potentially harmful side-effects, neutropenia and agranulocytosis, the use of clozapine is now restricted to patients who do not respond to other antipsychotic medications, under strict monitoring of peripheral neutrophil counts.
A novel cavitation probe design and some preliminary measurements of its application to megasonic cleaning (2002)

Cavitation is an effective physical mechanism for concentrating mechanical energy. Accordingly, it has wide applications in such diverse fields as sonochemistry, in which chemical reactions are initiated or accelerated, or in the electronic component cleaning industry in which particles (and other materials) are removed from surfaces. However, devices designed to act as cavitation monitors have had little success, partly because their intrusiveness often affects the cavitation field itself. Presented here is a brief description of a unique cavitation monitor that utilizes the phenomenon of sonoluminescence as an indirect quantifier of cavitation. It appears to work efficiently over a broad range of acoustic field intensities and its application to megasonic cleaning has provided interesting and valuable insights into this technology.
A comparison of Lyse-It to other cellular sample preparation, bacterial lysing, and DNA fragmentation technologies (2019)

The ability for safe and rapid pathogenic sample transportation and subsequent detection is an increasing challenge throughout the world. Herein, we describe and use bead-beating, vortex, sonication, 903 protein saver cards, and Lyse-It methods, aiming to inactivate Gram-positive and -negative bacteria with subsequent genome DNA (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) qPCR detection. The basic concepts behind the four chosen technologies is their versatility, cost, and ease of use in developed and underdeveloped countries. The four methods target the testing of bacterial resilience, cellular extraction from general and complex media and subsequent DNA extraction for qPCR detection and amplification. These results demonstrate that conventional high temperature heating, 903 protein saver cards, and Lyse-It are all viable options for inactivating bacterial growth for safe shipping. Additionally, Lyse-It was found to be particularly useful as this technology can inactivate bacteria, extract cells from 903 protein saver cards, lyse bacterial cells, and additionally keep genomic DNA viable for qPCR detection.
Safety of intra-articular hip injection of hyaluronic acid products by ultrasound guidance: an open study from ANTIAGE register. (2013)

The administration of hyaluronans under ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection is a safe technique for treatment of rheumatic diseases of the hip.
Controlling selectivity in the reaction network of aldoxime hydrogenation to primary amines (2012)

During the hydrogenation of oximes, the temporary protection of the nitrogen moiety by a hydroxyl group promises to provide access to a highly selective synthetic route to primary amines. We will show that the reaction, however, proceeds via the more general network of imine and Schiff base chemistry. By choosing the right catalyst and conditions, specific pathways can be selected enabling us to steer the route from a pool of intermediate compounds to either primary or secondary amines. Thus, nickel catalysts provide high selectivity towards primary amines albeit at a moderate activity, while noble metal catalysts show good selectivity towards secondary amines, as well as high activity. Detailed analysis of the reaction sequence over Ni/SiO2 provides insight into the pathways and provides understanding for the tools to obtain outstanding selectivities in the hydrogenation of oximes and other amine precursors.
Profile of the tourists visiting Porto and the North of Portugal (2014)

Purpose – This article aims to characterize the profile of non-resident tourists visiting Porto and the North of Portugal and highlights the importance and evolution of tourist flows to the region, taking into account the airport development and the impact of low-cost airlines. Design/methodology/approach – The article presents and discusses official tourism statistics and the results of on an ongoing survey by Institute for Tourism Planning and Development (IPDT) – Institute of Tourism, conducted at Porto airport on the tourist profile of non-resident tourists to the region. Findings – The research findings reveal a remarkable growth in Porto and North of Portugal tourism – reflecting notable work over the past few years by tourism industry organizations. The Porto airport upgrade allowed for a new dynamic in the region, opening the door to European tourists via low-cost routes. The tourist’s profile depicts a young, active, upper class tourist, with an above average income, who truly appreciates Porto and the North of Portugal region and is willing to recommend it to friends and family. Practical implications – Results provide rich insights on non-resident tourism in the region – where tourists come from, why they selected this destination for their trip and what they enjoy doing, among other information and is highly relevant for strategic and marketing activities related to tourism promotion and the service quality offer. Originality/value – This article seeks to illustrate the non-resident tourist profiles of those visiting Porto and the North of Portugal, based on a unique study conducted over the past three years.
Application of a Modified Matrix Pencil method for direction of arrival and time of arrival estimation: Scenarios based on the number of antenna elements, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and spread (2011)

An accurate and real-time implementable location technique for wireless sensor radio is in demand for many applications. Most of the works on wireless sensor location estimation uses received signal strength indicator (RSSI), direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, or time of arrival (TOA) estimation techniques. A precise DOA and TOA measurement results in more accurate location estimation. In this paper, we present Modified Matrix Pencil (MP) method for joint DOA-TOA estimation without using channel estimates. We also compare performance (of the Modified MP) under varying number of antenna elements, SNR and spread.
SWCNT@BNNT With 1D Van Der Waals Heterostructure With a High Optical Damage Threshold for Laser Mode-Locking (2021)

Single-walled carbon nanotube encapsulated in boron nitrite nanotube (SWCNT@BNNT) is a novel nanomaterial with a one-dimensional van der Waals (1D-vdW) heterostructure. In this paper, we demonstrated that the SWCNT@BNNT has an enhanced optical power tolerance compared to that of the pristine SWCNT while preserving the ultrafast optical saturable absorption properties. The thermal damage threshold of SWCNT@BNNT is 2 dB higher than that of the pristine SWCNT, resulting in 9 times longer lifetime for 1 dB degradation and 214 times longer lifetime for 3 dB degradation under optical power intensity of 6.8 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The high optical power tolerance of SWCNT@BNNT is further confirmed in a short-cavity mode-locked laser with a high repetition rate of 1 GHz with a high optical power intensity. We have shown the potential of using 1D-vdW heterostructure fabrication technique to modify and enhance the optical properties of the encapsulated nanomaterials [CE: Please check aff. we have deleted addrline mater and table 1 missing in source file we have capture in pdf. Please need to proof reading.].
Enantioselektive Synthese von funktionalisierten 1,5-Cyclononadienen durch intramolekulare Cycloalkylierung unter α,α′-Diallylkupplung (2000)

Monocarbocyclische Neunringverbindungen können enantioselektiv durch Deprotonierung eines (Z,Z)-Dienylcarbamats des Typs 1 und nachfolgende intramolekulare α,α′-Kupplung zu einem Cyclononadienol 2 hergestellt werden (RH: 73 % Ausbeute, e.r.=96:4; R=OSiPh2tBu: 79 % Ausbeute, e.r.=100:0, d.r.=94:6). Cby=2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-ylcarbonyl; Cb=Diisopropylaminocarbonyl.
An innovative technique based on voltammetric profiling and current–voltage characteristics for determination of residual direct-current voltage of liquid crystal cells (2019)

Generation of residual direct-current (DC) voltage (VrDC) induces a serious image sticking of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). In this study, an innovative technique to determine the VrDC of LC cells was proposed from the current-voltage (I-V) curves obtained by application of triangular voltage. The I-V curve shows the maximum and minimum current peaks due to the rotation of the LC director, and the VrDC is determined from the average value of the two peaks. The VrDC values determined from the proposed technique corresponded to the values determined from the flicker minimisation, which is the well-known method to determine the VrDC. The results indicate that the proposed technique is useful for evaluation of the image sticking of the LCDs.