gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravascular ultrasound mediated delivery of DNA via microbubble carriers to an injured porcine artery in vivo (2008)

Millions of stents are implanted worldwide each year in patients with atherosclerotic arteries. Safety concerns relating to drug eluting stents have spurred interest in alternative vessel therapies. We hypothesized that a reporter gene could be delivered to a porcine coronary artery via intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and plasmid-coupled microbubbles. In vitro delivery resulted in 0.17% of cells exhibiting successful transfection. An anesthetized porcine underwent balloon angioplasty on a coronary artery. Microbubble injection and rupture were controlled at the injury site using a modified intravascular ultrasound catheter. At 3 days post-insonation, gene expression was localized at injured vessel sites in (23.3% of luminal cells) with minimal expression in control arteries (3.6% of luminal cells). Our results demonstrate that IVUS has promise for localized intra-vascular gene therapy and may potentially offer a novel method for preventing restenosis.
Mitigation of Continuous and Pulsed Radio Interference with GNSS Antenna Arrays (2008)

A number of antenna array techniques for radio interference mitigation in GNSS receivers have been intensively studied in the last two decades showing that space-only or space-time adaptive processing allows for significant improvements. These investigations were primarily focused on mitigation of continuous interference signals assumed to be of intentional nature in the “quiet” GPS L1 band. In contrast to the L1 band, new navigation signals of GPS/Galileo L5/E5 frequency band have to share the radio spectrum with several civil and military radar systems. In a single-antenna GNSS receiver, the pulsed interference originated from such radar systems is usually handled by using the pulse blanking or frequency extinction techniques. In an antenna array system, more efficient mitigation of pulsed interference can be obtained by adding the spatial domain to the signal processing. In this case, the GNSS antenna array receiver may be designed in a way that allows for simultaneous mitigation of continuous and pulsed interferers. In the paper the performance of two space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques has been investigated in interference scenarios with continuous and pulsed sources by using the simulations of a software multi-antenna receiver. It has been shown that the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) processor with a corresponding directional constrain delivers both a good performance in term of code and Doppler receiver tracking errors and minimal distortions of the useful GNSS signal. The second investigated STAP technique was minimum mean square error (MMSE) processor. The effect of the number of the STAP time-taps on the performance of the MVDR and MMSE processors has been shown. The combination of the adaptive array processing with the pulse blanking has been examined showing that the simple-to-implement pulse blanking can noticeably improve the overall performance in pulsed interference scenarios.
High Confinement and Low Loss Si3N4 Waveguides for Miniaturizing Optical Coherence Tomography (2017)

We show high confinement thermally tunable, low loss (0.27 ± 0.04 dB/cm) Si3N4 waveguides that are 42 cm long. We show that this platform can enable the miniaturization of traditionally bulky active OCT components.
There’s plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore’s law? (2020)

The miniaturization of semiconductor transistors has driven the growth in computer performance for more than 50 years. As miniaturization approaches its limits, bringing an end to Moore's law, performance gains will need to come from software, algorithms, and hardware. We refer to these technologies as the "Top" of the computing stack to distinguish them from the traditional technologies at the "Bottom": semiconductor physics and silicon-fabrication technology. In the post-Moore era, the Top will provide substantial performance gains, but these gains will be opportunistic, uneven, and sporadic, and they will suffer from the law of diminishing returns. Big system components offer a promising context for tackling the challenges of working at the Top.
Quasielastic neutron scattering probing H− dynamics in the H− conductors LaH3−2xOx (2023)

Using an incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique, we investigate ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ dynamics in a series of oxyhydrides $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{H}}_{3\ensuremath{-}2x}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ that exhibit characteristic high ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ conductivity. In the end member $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ ($x$ = 0), two kinds of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ dynamics are identified: the jump diffusion and the localized motion. The jump length in the jump diffusion mode increases with increasing $T$. The localized motion is identified as a jump between the two inequivalent sites. These dynamics are corroborated by our molecular dynamical simulations. Our QENS data suggest that similar ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ dynamics occurs also in oxyhydrides $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{H}}_{3\ensuremath{-}2x}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ ($x\ensuremath{\ne}$ 0), whose ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ concentration dependence is consistent with the previous measurement of ionic conductivity. We also discuss the possibility that $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{H}}_{3\ensuremath{-}2x}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ is an example of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion conductors governed by the concerted migration mechanism. The identified ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ dynamics is key to understanding the anomalous hydrogen concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient in lanthanum hydrides, which has been a longstanding mystery in this compound.
Transthoracic Defibrillation of Swine With Monophasic and Biphasic Waveforms (1995)

This study demonstrates the superiority of truncated biphasic waveforms over truncated monophasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation of swine. Biphasic waveforms should prove as advantageous at reducing voltage and energy requirements for transthoracic defibrillation as they have for internal defibrillation.
Maximising ethylene with MaxEne (2001)

The MaxEne(TM) process developed by UOP is a cost-effective method of separating n-paraffins from the full range naphtha feedstock (C{sub 5} - C{sub 11}) and thus increasing ethylene yield by providing an upgraded feed for the steam cracker and the catalytic reformer. The expected increase in the world demand for ethylene over the next five years has lead to calls for more production from existing steam crackers. The MaxEne process, which is based on UOP's proven Sorbex(TM) technology, involves the use of a shape selective adsorbent in a simulated countercurrent moving bed adsorptive separation. The process flow and operating principles of the MaxEne process are explained and the application of a MaxEne unit within an integrated complex is described. The benefits of the MaxEne process are illustrated with a case study based on an existing complex processing full range naphtha.
Indoor office wideband penetration loss measurements at 73 GHz (2017)

This paper presents millimeter wave (mmWave) penetration loss measurements and analysis at 73 GHz using a wideband sliding correlator channel sounder in an indoor office environment. Penetration loss was measured using a carefully controlled measurement setup for many common indoor building materials such as glass doors, glass windows, closet doors, steel doors, and whiteboard writing walls. Measurements were conducted using narrowbeam transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) horn antennas that were boresight-aligned with a test material between the antennas. Overall, 21 different locations were measured for 6 different materials such that the same type of material was tested in at least two locations in order to characterize the effect of penetration loss for materials with similar composition. As shown here, attenuation through common materials ranged between 0.8 dB/cm and 9.9 dB/cm for co-polarized antennas, while cross-polarized antennas exhibited similar attenuation for most materials, but up to 23.4 dB/cm of attenuation for others. The penetration loss results presented here are useful for site-specific planning tools that will model indoor mmWave networks, without the need for expensive measurement campaigns.
Demonstrating the Synergy of Synthetic, Mechanistic, and Computational Studies in a Regioselective Aniline Synthesis (2004)

Tri- and tetrasubstituted anilines are formed in good to excellent yields by the addition of ketones to vinamidinium salts (up to 98%). The reaction proceeds via the formation of dienone intermediates, which react to form an enamine with the liberated amine. In the case of a nitro, or dimethylaminomethylene substituent, the enamines undergo a facile electrocyclic ring closure to form a cyclohexadiene, which goes on to form anilines with a high degree of selectivity (up to 50:1) with a minor competing pathway proceeding via the enol providing phenols. Competition experiments using isotopic substitution reveal that the rate determining step en route to dienone is enol/enolate addition to the vinamidinium salt, which is characterized by an inverse secondary isotope effect (k(H/D) 0.7-0.9). Computational studies have been used to provide a framework for understanding the reaction pathway. The original proposal for a [1,5]-H shift was ruled out on the basis of the calculations, which did not locate a thermally accessible transition state. The minimum energy conformation of the enamine is such that a facile electrocyclic ring closure is ensured, which is corroborated by the experimental studies. A framework for understanding the reaction pathway is presented.
O heleninu od Srećka Bošnjakovića do Lavoslava Ružičke i najnovijih saznanja – ogledni primjer razvoja organske kemije u XX. stoljeću (2017)

Prof. Srećka Bošnjakovića (1865-1907) prvi je kemičar u Hrvatskoj koji je izradio disertaciju na području organske kemije, objavljenu 1893 pod naslovom „Gerhardtov helenin“. U disertaciji koristi uz naziv helenin i alantolakton, koji ukazuje na postojanje laktonske skupine u tom spoju. Bilo je zanimljivo istražiti što je bilo poznato o strukturi helenina (alantolaktona) u vrijeme Bošnjakovićevog rada na disertaciji, te tko je točno odredio strukturu i apsolutnu konfiguraciju prirodnog (+)-alantolaktona. Veliki doprinos tom području dao naš nobelovac Lavoslav Ružička, koji je u periodu 1931-1936 intenzivno istraživao strukture brojnih seskviterpena i postavio poznato Ružičkino biogenetsko izoprensko pravilo (L. Ružička, Experientia 9 (1953) 357-396). Pokazalo se da je put do ispravne strukture i stereokemije alantolaktona, kako je prikazano u shemi, trajao skoro jedno stoljeće! &#13;\n Detaljnije će biti opisana istraživanja Bošnjakovića i Ružičke na izolaciji i pročišćavanju alantolaktona, te Ružičkin samo dijelom ispravni prijedlog strukture alantolaktona. Slijedi prikaz određivanja strukture, totalnih sinteza i najnovijih saznanja o vrlo značajnom biološkom djelovanju alantolaktona i srodnih seskviterpena.&#13;\nMožemo zaključiti da je put od prvih istraživanja do najnovijih saznanja o alantolaktonu izvrstan primjer razvoja organske kemije u XX. stoljeću.
Real-time sound source orientation estimation using a 96 channel microphone array (2009)

This paper proposes real-time sound source orientation estimation based on orientation-extended amplitude beamforming (OE-ABF). To recognize a sound source orientation (such as face orientation) is an important function for a robot who can achieve natural human-robot interaction because the function is required to distinguish the human target from a robot or another person. We developed a sound source orientation system using orientation-extended beamforming (OE-BF) and showed the system worked properly at least under a specific controlled environment. However, in practical use, this system does not work properly because the system doesn't take into account the differences between the supposed model in OE-BF and in practical situations. For example, the system model supposes that there is neither noise nor reverberation, however, this is not a realistic assumption. To solve this assumption mismatch problem, we propose sound source orientation estimation based on OE-ABF, and constructed a real-time sound source orientation estimation system with the proposed method using a 96ch microphone array. Evaluation results of our proposed system show that the average error of estimated angles is lower than 5°, while the error of our previously reported system was greater than 20°. With this system, the robot is able to distinguish that the utterance target of a person standing 1m in front is itself or another person standing 0.2m to the left of the robot. This is valuable for human-robot interaction.
Synergistic interactions between the dual serotonergic, noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor duloxetine and the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen in inflammatory pain in rodents (2006)

Our data indicate that duloxetine and ibuprofen have synergistic efficacy in a visceral and an inflammatory pain model in rodents, and suggest that duloxetine and ibuprofen in combination may provide a useful approach to the clinical treatment of persistent pain, particularly inflammation-related pain.
Supported Bimetallic AuPd Nanoparticles as Catalyst for the Solvent-Free Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes (2018)

Selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was carried out under solvent-free conditions using supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyst, prepared by modified impregnation method (MIm), as efficient catalyst. &amp;gt;99% yield of aniline (AN) was obtained after 15 hours at 90 &amp;deg;C, 3 bar H2 that can be used without any further purification or separation, therefore reducing cost and energy input. Supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyst, prepared by MIm, was found to be active and stable even after 4 recycle experiments whereas the same catalyst prepared by SIm deactivated during the recycle experiments. The most effective catalyst was tested for the chemoselective hydrogenation of 4-chloronitrobenzene (CNB) to 4-chloroaniline (CAN). The activation energy of CNB to CAN was found to be 25 kJ mol-1, while that of CNB to AN was found to be 31 kJ mol-1. Based on this, the yield of CAN was maximized (92%) by lowering the reaction temperature to 25 &amp;deg;C.
Structure-activity relationships of quinolone agents against mycobacteria: effect of structural modifications at the 8 position (1996)

A series of quinolones with substitutions at the 8 position has been prepared as part of a study to examine the relationship between structural modifications at this position and activity against mycobacteria. The compounds were prepared by procedures described in the literature and were evaluated for their activities against Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The activities of the compounds against these two organisms were used as a measure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. The results demonstrate that the contribution of the 8 position to antimycobacterial activity was dependent on the substituent at N-1 and was in the order (i) COMe approximately CBr > CCI > CH approximately CF approximately COEt > N > CCF3 when N-1 was cyclopropyl; (ii) N approximately CH > CF > COMe when N-1 was 2,4-difluorophenyl; (iii) N > or = CH when N-1 was tert-butyl; and (iv) N > CH when N-1 was ethyl. In general, derivatives with piperazine substitutions at C-7 were slightly less active against mycobacteria than the analogs with pyrrolidine substitutions, regardless of the pattern of substitution at the 8 position. Several of the best compounds were evaluated for their potential side effects as well as their activities against Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare, and M. tuberculosis. These agents exhibited biological profiles similar to or better than those of the positive controls ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin.
Location of sites in human lipocortin I that are phosphorylated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinases A and C (1988)

Lipocortin I is a 39-kilodalton membrane-associated protein that in A431 cells is phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). We have used recombinant human lipocortin I as a substrate for several protein kinases and identified phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis. Lipocortin I was phosphorylated near the amino terminus at Tyr-21 by recombinant pp60c-src. The same tyrosine residue was phosphorylated by polyoma middle T/pp60c-src complex, by recombinant pp50v-abl, and with A431 cell membranes by the EGF receptor/kinase. The primary site of phosphorylation by protein kinase C was also near the amino terminus at Ser-27. The major site of phosphorylation by adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate dependent protein kinase was on the carboxy-terminal half of the molecule at Thr-216. These sites are compared to the phosphorylation sites previously located in the structurally related protein lipocortin II.
Leakage Current and Reliability on Planar High-k Capacitor with Al2O3 Dielectric Deposited by Thermal-ALD (2015)

International audience
Plastic deformations of boron-nitride nanotubes: An unexpected weakness (2000)

Whereas boron nitride nanotubes have elastic properties similar to those of their carbon counterparts, they can have a very different response to plastic deformation. $(n,n)$ boron nitride nanotubes have comparable plastic limits to those of carbon tubes with similar wrapping angle. $(n,0)$ boron nitride nanotubes, however, have much smaller elastic limits against bond rotations. In $(n,0)$ tubes, bond rotation defects induced by plastic deformation quickly lead to bond breaking and thereby cause tubes in this range of wrapping angles to be substantially weaker than would be expected from their purely elastic response.
Long- and Short-Range Constraints for the Structure Determination of Layered Silicates with Stacking Disorder (2014)

Layered silicates have important applications as host materials, supports for catalysis, and zeolite precursors. However, their local structures are often challenging to establish due to disorder of the sheet assemblies. We present a new protocol that combines long- and short-range structural constraints from diffraction and solid-state NMR techniques, respectively, to determine the molecular structure of layered silicates in the presence of various extents of stacking disorder. Solid-state 29Si NMR data are largely insensitive to the incomplete extent of three-dimensional (3D) crystallinity that limits the interpretation of diffraction data alone to the identification of possible unit cells and space groups. State-of-the-art NMR crystallography techniques consequently provide a simplified view of materials from which candidate framework structures can be built and evaluated based on local structural constraints, including interatomic distances, Si site numbers and multiplicities, and Si–O–Si connectivities, and refined using density functional theory. This protocol was applied to a new layered silicate material named CLS-1, of composition [Si5O11H][C9N2H15]·1.9(H2O), synthesized by using a fluoride-based protocol and cationic alkylaminopyridinium as a structure-directing agent (SDA). Despite the intrinsic complexity and partial ordering of the intersheet arrangements and organic–inorganic interactions, this led to the identification of a single space group that is compatible with both NMR and diffraction data, from which the silicate framework structure could be established,. The remarkable similarities between the layered framework structures of CLS-1, HUS-2 (Tsunoji et al. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 13682), and another layered silicate material with a radically different morphology and extent of stacking order and interlayer dynamics, established by using a similar approach (Brouwer et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 5641), point to the remarkable robustness of this previously unknown silicate framework type.
Functional Studies of the Human Brain Using High‐speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1991)

Dramatic technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI or NMR) scanning speed and recent governmental approval for the routine use of NMR contrast agents have yielded techniques for quantitative imaging of cerebral hemodynamics. The technical basis of ultrafast imaging, the methodology of dynamic imaging with contrast agents, and results in normal subjects and patients are presented.
Immune Correlates Analysis of a Single Ad26.COV2.S Dose in the ENSEMBLE COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Clinical Trial (2022)

Anti-spike IgG binding antibody, anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibody, and pseudovirus neutralizing antibody measurements four weeks post-vaccination were assessed as correlates of risk of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 outcomes through 83 days post-vaccination and as correlates of protection following a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine in the placebo-controlled phase of ENSEMBLE, an international, randomized efficacy trial. Each marker had evidence as a correlate of risk and of protection, with strongest evidence for 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) neutralizing antibody titer. The outcome hazard ratio was 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.29, 0.81; p=0.006) per 10-fold increase in ID50; vaccine efficacy was 60% (43, 72%) at nonquantifiable ID50 (< 2.7 IU50/ml) and rose to 89% (78, 96%) at ID50 = 96.3 IU50/ml. Comparison of the vaccine efficacy by ID50 titer curves for ENSEMBLE-US, the COVE trial of the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and the COV002-UK trial of the AZD1222 vaccine supported consistency of the ID50 titer correlate of protection across trials and vaccine types.
Use of monoclonal antibodies for the histopathological diagnosis of human malignancy (1982)

This paper describes the use of a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (selected so as to include reagents reactive with both epithelial and lymphoid cells) for distinguishing between anaplastic carcinoma and high grade lymphoma. Details are given of the immunohistological reactions of these antibodies against a wide range of both normal and malignant tissues and of a number of practical instances in which use of the antibody panel enabled a diagnosis to be made when routine histological examination had been inconclusive.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective C‐Acylation of CH‐Active Dicarbonyl Compounds with Ketenylidenetriphenylphosphorane: Syntheses and Structures of 3‐Phosphoranylideneacyltetronic Acids, 3‐Phosphoranylideneacyl‐4‐oxocoumarins, and 4‐Phosphoranylideneacylpyrazol‐5‐ones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors in Combination with Safeners: Solutions for Modern and Sustainable Agriculture (2013)

Inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) prevent plant carotenoid pigment formation, which in turn leads to chlorophyll degradation. This "bleaching" herbicide mode of action provides weed-control products for various crops, such as rice, corn, and cereals. Combinations with suitable safeners allow the full exploitation of the potential of this compound class to selectively control major weed problems, including rapidly increasing cases of resistance against other important herbicide classes.