gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of FSS unit-cell for energy concentration on deep-seated human tissue (2017)

A unit-cell of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) which allows for a concentration of the electromagnetic (EM) energy on a deep-seated tissue in the human body is proposed. The proposed FSS unit-cell can change the phase response of the EM wave in a wide phase range, while maintaining the minimum variation of the transmission magnitude within 1 dB. By integrating the unit-cell into the phased-array configuration, the EM energy can be localized into the deep-seated tissue by compensating the phase-delays for different electrical lengths between the FSS-array and the desired target. It leads to the constructive interference of the EM field at the target tissue, so as to deliver strong energy into the human body. The unit-cell consisting of the three-layer metallization is embedded in the water-bolus which provides the optimal condition for the wave-penetration into the complex dielectric media. The FSS unit-cell is analyzed by using the equivalent circuit model and the transmission characteristic of the EM wave passing through the FSS is evaluated on the phantom as an equivalent model for human body. The proposed unit-cell is designed at 915 MHz allocated in Industrial Scientific Medical frequency band.
A rigorous analysis of local oscillator pulling in frequency and discrete-time domain (2009)

This study presents injection pulling effects on a local oscillator (LO) for wireless applications. A phase-locked loop under injection is analyzed in frequency domain to account for the inherent band-pass filtering on an injection signal. A discrete-time analysis is also provided to predict output spectra of the LO pulled by a sinusoidal and modulated injection signal. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results shows excellent agreement.
Multichromic Copolymers Based on 3,6-Bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))-N-alkylcarbazole Derivatives (2003)

Electrochemical copolymers of 2,2‘-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (BiEDOT) and 3,6-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-N-methylcarbazole (BEDOT−NMeCz) were prepared from nine comonomer solutions of varying concentration. The monomers exhibit low peak oxidation potentials (Ep,m) that are in close proximity (BiEDOT = +0.56 V vs Ag/Ag+, BEDOT−NMeCz = +0.41 V), allowing for facile copolymerization. Spectroelectrochemical analysis revealed that the neutral copolymers possess unique, broad, neutral absorbance maxima and colors ranging from blue (587 nm), to red (464 nm), to orange (429 nm), and finally to yellow (420 nm) that were comonomer concentration dependent, while stepwise oxidation showed that the copolymers pass through a green intermediate state before reaching a blue oxidized state that is concentration independent. A soluble hybrid copolymer of 3,6-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-N-eicosylcarbazole (BEDOT−NC20Cz) was prepared via FeCl3 polymerization. Molecular weights of this soluble polymer have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and vapor phase osmometry (VPO). Solution doping and cast film spectroelectrochemical analyses show that the copolymer has a maximum absorbance in the area of 430 nm and that upon sequential oxidation the copolymer passes though a green intermediate state before reaching the fully doped blue state. Photoluminescence experiments revealed emission maxima at 470 and 506 nm and an efficiency (φf) of 0.12.
Localized watermarking: methodology and application to operation scheduling (1999)

Recently, a number of techniques for IP protection have been introduced that rely on a selection of a global solution to an optimization problem according to a unique user-specific digital signature. Although such techniques may provide convincing proof of authorship with low hardware overhead, they fail to protect parts of design, do not provide an easy procedure for watermark detection, and are not capable of detecting the watermark when the design or its part is augmented in another larger design. Since these demands are of the highest interest for the IP business, we introduce localized watermarking as an IP protection technique that enables these features while satisfying the demand for low-cost and transparency. We propose a set of protocols that implement the new watermarking methodology at the operation scheduling design level. We have demonstrated that the difficulty of erasing or finding another signature in the synthesized design can be made arbitrarily computationally difficult. The watermarking method has been tested on a set of real-life benchmarks where high likelihood of authorship has been achieved with negligible overhead in solution quality.
Robust Multi-Object Detection Based on Data Augmentation with Realistic Image Synthesis for Point-of-Sale Automation (2019)

As an alternative to bar-code scanning, we are developing a real-time retail product detector for point-of-sale automation. The major challenge associated with image based object detection arise from occlusion and the presence of other objects in close proximity. For robust product detection under such conditions, it is crucial to train the detector on a rich set of images with varying degrees of occlusion and proximity between the products, which fairly represents a wide range of customer tendencies of placing products together. However, generating a fairly large database of such images traditionally requires a large amount of human effort. On the other hand, acquiring individual object images with their corresponding masks is a relatively easy task. We propose an realistic image synthesis approach which uses individual object images and their corresponding masks to create training images with desired properties (occlusion and congestion among the products). We train our product detector over images thus generated and achieve a consistent performance improvement across different types of test data. With the proposed approach, detector achieves an improvement of 46.2% (from 0.67 to 0.98) and 40% (from 0.60 to 0.84) over precision and recall respectively, compared to using a basic training dataset containing one product per image.
Characterization of Permeability for Solid Freeform Fabricated Porous Structures (1999)

Abstract Fused deposition based solid freeform fabrication technique allows manufacturing of potential functional preforms for subsequent Resin Transfer Molding. In this study, the transport property (permeability) of solid freeform fabricated porous preform geometries are investigated. Specifically the effect of pore geometry and network on the permeability is sought. Wet (saturated) permeability experiments were performed for various pore geometries with different viscosity liquids. For all fluids and preform structures investigated in this study, the porous flow exhibited Darcian behavior. The permeability is affected by changes in order of magnitude of fluid viscosity, the effect considerably significant in low porosity preforms. Current work concentrates on dry permeability measurement and development of numerical permeability models for ordered pore geometries (as produced through SFF) that will be compared with experimental results.
Implementing hardware Trojans: Experiences from a hardware Trojan challenge (2011)

Hardware Trojans have become a growing concern in the design of secure integrated circuits. In this work, we present a set of novel hardware Trojans aimed at evading detection methods, designed as part of the CSAW Embedded System Challenge 2010. We introduced and implemented unique Trojans based on side-channel analysis that leak the secret key in the reference encryption algorithm. These side-channel-based Trojans do not impact the functionality of the design to minimize the possibility of detection. We have demonstrated the statistical analysis approach to attack such Trojans. Besides, we introduced Trojans that modify either the functional behavior or the electrical characteristics of the reference design. Novel techniques such as a Trojan draining the battery of a device do not have an immediate impact and hence avoid detection, but affect the long term reliability of the system.
Critical involvement of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha in endothelial programmed cell death mediated by ionizing radiation and bacterial endotoxin (1995)

In this report, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) at a clinically relevant dose (4 Gy) causes apoptosis in macrovascular and microvascular human endothelial cells. Treatment of irradiated cells with a low dose of bacterial endotoxin (LPS), similar to the levels observed in serum during endotoxemia, enhanced the rate of apoptosis, although LPS alone was unable to induce programmed cell death. The cytokine and endotoxin antagonist interleukin-10 (IL-10) reduced the rate of LPS + IR-induced apoptosis to levels obtained with irradiation alone. Using neutralizing antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), we could show crucial involvement of TNF in the LPS-mediated enhancement of IR-induced apoptosis, but not in the IR-induced apoptosis per se. However, further analysis strongly suggested the transmembrane form of TNF (mTNF), but not soluble TNF, to be accountable for the LPS-mediated cytotoxic effects. Studies with anatagonistic receptor specific antibodies clearly showed that TNF receptor type I (TR60) is essential and sufficient to elicit this effect. These findings are of potential clinical importance because they may disclose a relevant mechanism that leads to endothelial damage after radiotherapy or total body irradiation used for conditioning in bone marrow transplantation and that may thus contribute to transplant related complications, especially in association with endotoxemia or related inflammatory states.
Glucose metabolism in Xanthomonas campestris and influence of methionine on the carbon flow (1988)

The glucose flow in Xanthomonas campestris was investigated with radio-labelled glucose and by enzymological studies. Only 7% of the radioactivity was incorporated into the cell material, but 41% was oxidized to carbon dioxide and 28% transformed to xanthan. Up to 16% of cell dry weight consisted of the polysaccharide glycogen. In the presence of 2.7 mM methionine, which is an inhibitor of xanthan formation, increased carbon dioxide formation (51%) occurred. This increase was in accordance with a twofold increase in the NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. The other carbon dioxide liberating enzyme, 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, was not influenced by methionine, but its occurrence indicates the presence of an active pentose phosphate pathway in X. campestris. Among the other enzymes detected in X. campestris was glucose dehydrogenase. The presence of this enzyme together with hexokinase indicates the operation of two different glucose metabolizing steps: one oxidative, the other phosphorylative. Only the latter directly provides phosphorylated glucose as a precursor for the activated sugars required for xanthan synthesis.
Persistent infection of SARS coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro (2004)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) can produce gastrointestinal symptoms. The intestinal tract is the only extrapulmonary site where viable viruses have been detected. This study examined seven established human intestinal cell lines, DLD-1, HCT-116, HT-29, LoVo, LS-180, SW-480 and SW-620, for their permissiveness to SARS-CoV infection. The results showed that only LoVo cells were permissive to SARS-CoV infection as evident by positive findings from indirect immunofluorescence staining for intracellular viral antigens, in situ hybridization for intracellular viral RNA, and electron microscopy for intracellular viral particles. In contrast to Vero cells, SARS-CoV did not produce cytopathic effects on LoVo cells. However, LoVo cells were found to be highly permissive for productive infection with a high viral titre (>3 x 10(7) viral copies/ml) produced in culture supernatant following a few days of incubation. SARS-CoV established a stable persistent chronic infection that could be maintained after multiple passages. Being a cell line of human origin, LoVo cells could be a useful in vitro model for studying the biology and persistent infection of SARS-CoV. Our results on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a recently identified cellular receptor for SARS-CoV, in these cell lines indicated that it might not be the sole determinant for cells to be susceptible to SARS-CoV infection.
Tradeoff between source and channel coding on a Gaussian channel (1998)

Consider a system that quantizes and encodes analog data for transmission across an additive noise Gaussian channel. To minimize distortion, the channel code rate must be chosen to optimally allocate the available transmission rate between lossy source coding and block channel coding. We establish tight upper and lower bounds on the channel code rate that minimizes the average distortion of a vector quantizer cascaded with a channel coder and a Gaussian channel, thus extending some recently obtained results for the binary-symmetric channel. The upper hounds are obtained by averaging, whereas the lower bounds are uniform, over all possible index assignments. Analytic expressions are derived for large and small signal-to-noise ratios, and also for large source vector dimension. As in the binary-symmetric channel, the optimal channel code rate is often substantially smaller than the channel capacity and the distortion decays exponentially with the number of channel uses. Exact exponents are derived.
Differences in the distribution of poly(A) size classes in individual messenger RNAs from neuroblastoma cells. (1979)

Neuroblastoma polysomal mRNAs have been fractionated by a combination of oligo(dT)-cellulose and Millipore filter techniques into four classes, each containing a different average length of poly(A). These classes are present in mRNAs isolated using different extraction techniques and they probably represent the steady state mRNA distribution in neuroblastoma cells. Quantitation of the biological activity of each fraction in a wheat germ translation system shows that 32% of the mRNAs contain no oligo(A)s longer than 6; 4% have poly(A)s between 6 and 20 nucleotides, 22% have between 20 and 50 nucleotides, and 42% have greater than 50 nucleotides. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the proteins synthesized by the unfractionated and fractionated mRNAs showed there was no mRNA degradation during the fractionation procedures. Analysis of the most abundant peptides synthesized by each RNA fraction shows that most mRNAs are found in each of the four populations. However, the distribution of some individual mRNAs varies widely. The (Yand fi-tubulin mRNAs are examples of those which are more abundant in the population with long poly(A)s. In contrast, a significant proportion of the mRNAs coding for actin and the R1 and RB CAMP-binding proteins are nonadenylated. The histone mRNAs are unique in that they are more abundant in the nonadenylated mRNAs than in the mRNAs containing short stretches of poly(A). These results are consistent with a model wherein the poly(A) termini in some mRNA species are more rapidly cleaved than in others.
A Framework for Adding Low-Overhead, Fine-Grained Power Domains to CGRAs (2020)

To effectively minimize static power for a wide range of applications, power domains for a coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA) need to be finer-grained than a typical ASIC. However, the special isolation logic needed to ensure electrical protection between off and on domains makes fine-grained power domains area- and timing-inefficient. We propose a novel design of the CGRA routing fabric that intrinsically provides boundary protection. This technique reduces the area overhead of boundary protection between power domains for the CGRA from around 9% to less than 1% and removes the delay from the isolation cells. However, with this design choice, we cannot leverage the conventional UPF-based flow to introduce power domain boundary protection. We create compiler-like passes that iteratively introduce the needed design transformations, and formally verify the passes with satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) methods. These passes also allow us to optimize how we handle test and debug signals through the off tiles. We use our framework to insert power domains into an SoC with an ARM Cortex M3 processor and a CGRA with 32 × 16 processing element (PE) and memory tiles and 4MB secondary memory. Depending on the size of the applications mapped, our CGRA achieves up to an 83% reduction in leakage power and 26% reduction in total power versus a CGRA without multiple power domains, for a range of image processing and machine learning applications.
Bowel habit, diet and body weight in preadolescent children (2010)

A poor diet that fails to meet dietary recommendations as well as being overweight and obese appears to be associated with increased defaecation problems in preadolescent children.
NOVEL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION FOR OUTCOME-BASED RISK ANALYSIS IN DIABETES (2008)

Novel sensor-based continuous biomedical monitoring technologies have a major role in chronic disease management for early detection and prevention of known adverse trends. In the future, a diversity of physiological, biochemical and mechanical sensing principles will be available through sensor device 'ecosystems'. In anticipation of these sensor-based ecosystems, we have developed Healthcare@Home (HH) - a research-phase generic intervention-outcome monitoring framework. HH incorporates a closed-loop intervention effect analysis engine to evaluate the relevance of measured (sensor) input variables to system-defined outcomes. HH offers real-world sensor type validation by evaluating the degree to which sensor-derived variables are relevant to the predicted outcome. This 'index of relevance' is essential where clinical decision support applications depend on sensor inputs. HH can help determine system-integrated cost-utility ratios of bespoke sensor families within defined applications - taking into account critical factors like device robustness / reliability / reproducibility, mobility / interoperability, authentication / security and scalability / usability. Through examples of hardware / software technologies incorporated in the HH end-to-end monitoring system, this paper discusses aspects of novel sensor technology integration for outcome-based risk analysis in diabetes.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION PREVENTING CONCORDANT XENOGENEIC ISLET GRAFT REJECTION IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT RECURRENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN NONOBESE DIABETIC MICE (1998)

Lef preventing concordant xenogeneic islet graft rejection is not sufficient to prevent the recurrence of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. We believe that controlling autoimmunity after islet transplantation will lead the way to promote successful clinical islet transplantation in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: A SPECTROCHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF COMPLEXES OF COBALT WITH MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS HAVING VARIOUS DEGREES OF UNSATURATION (1977)

Abstract Die im allgemeinen durch Umsetzung entsprechender Dihalogeno‐Co‐Komplexe mit Ag‐perchlorat in Acetonitrillösung dargestellten Komplexe (I) werden IR‐ und elektronenspektroskopisch sowie elektrochemisch mittels Voltammetrie untersucht.
A channel allocation scheme for both uniform and non-uniform traffic environment in cellular networks (2002)

We propose a channel allocation scheme called unified channel allocation (UCA) appropriate for both uniform and non-uniform traffic environment. The currently available channel allocation schemes such as fixed, dynamic and hybrid schemes are not suitable for all traffic conditions. The fixed channel allocation scheme does not perform well in non-uniform traffic environment and the dynamic scheme does not do well in uniform heavy traffic conditions. In real situations, however, the user traffic pattern changes with time and space. The UCA scheme adaptively changes its channel recommendation pattern for each cell to satisfy the current demand under all traffic conditions. We demonstrate through simulation that the proposed scheme, using the virtual channel set (VCS), performs better than the other schemes in all traffic conditions. Furthermore, the UCA scheme is a practical scheme, because it can be implemented without knowledge of the traffic fluctuations with time and space, since the underlying VCSs will adapt to traffic fluctuations.
A structural model of continuous transformation of handwritten characters (2002)

An essential problem in handwriting recognition is how to cope with complex shape deformation, and therefore, the modeling of the deformation and its metamorphosis (transformation of an instance of a class into an instance of the other class via continuous transformation) is a key to breaking through the difficulties in handwriting recognition. Based on the structural feature extraction and description by Nishida (1995), we present a model for structural deformation with simple, local operations that preserve the global structure of the shape. Furthermore, we present an experimental approach to the analysis of metamorphosis of character shapes based on the structural deformation model.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice
Screening- und Selektionsmethoden für die Analyse von Proteinfunktionen in großem Maßstab (2002)

Hochdurchsatz-Testsysteme erwecken gewaltige Erwartungen für das Protein-Engineering und die funktionelle Proteomik. Mit aussagekräftigen Tests sollte es möglich sein, beispielsweise eine stereoselektive Esterase für die chemische Synthese oder eine ortsspezifische Endonuclease für die biomedizinische Forschung zu entwickeln. Ganze cDNA-Bibliotheken, die alle exprimierten Proteine eines bestimmten Organismus oder einer Zelllinie codieren, sollten einfach durch eine Batterie biochemischer Testsysteme geschleust werden, um die Funktion jedes einzelnen Proteins zu bestimmen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir, welche Arten von Testsystemen entwickelt wurden und wie nahe wir den Zielen sind, einerseits Proteine mit neuen Aktivitäten zu entwickeln und andererseits den Tausenden von Proteinen, aus denen jedes Genom besteht, schnell eine Funktion zuzuordnen.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Intermolecular Hetero Diels—Alder Cycloadditions of Aldehydes and Imines via o‐Quinone Dimethides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of the settling behavior of an external reference voltage source for a 16 bit and 200MS/s pipeline analog-to-digital converter (2017)

High-Performance Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) have high requirements concerning the reference voltage source. In a small period of time the reference voltage has to settle with a high accuracy. Otherwise the linearity of the ADC degrades. In this paper the settling of an external reference voltage source is examined. Therefore optimization techniques for the signal path of the reference voltage are presented. This includes methods for reducing the external parasitic inductance as well as design techniques for an enhanced settling curve. Under typical conditions, the achieved reference voltage source settles with an accuracy of 15 μV in less than halve a clock cycle for a 200MS/s and 16 bits Pipeline ADC.