gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergizing Weed Biocontrol Agents with Chemical Herbicides (1993)

Enhanced weed control can occur when chemical herbicides are applied in combination with microbial agents. Synergy between chemicals and biologicals was first observed with fungal bioherbicides. Use of a herbicide with a fungal-bioherbicide does not appear to widen the weed spectrum of the bioherbicide but does increase the efficacy. In some cases the synergy may result from a suppression of phytoalexin synthesis by the chemical herbicide. Use of synthetic herbicides to synergize mycoherbicides will in some cases reduce herbicide use rate and improve mycoherbicide efficacy. We report here that synergy occurs between chemical herbicides and bacterial agents. We have discovered that bacteria which cause little or no injury to weeds when applied alone can enhance the stability of low levels of chemical herbicides to control a broad spectrum of weeds. We term this synergistic combination the X-tend system. In the first year of X-tend field trials, the level of weed control required for commercialization was not obtained consistently across geographic locations. Consistency will need to be improved through selection of more robust microbial strains and/or improvements in formulations.
Effect of the 3D Structure and Grain Boundaries on Lithium Transport in Garnet Solid Electrolytes (2021)

Lithium metal anodes are vital enablers for high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). To promote ASSBs in practical applications, performance limitations such as the high lithium interface resistance and the grain boundary resistance in the solid electrolyte (SE) need to be understood and reduced by optimization of the cell design. In this work, we use our 3D microstructure-resolved simulation approach combined with a modified grain boundary transport model for the SE to shed some light on the aforementioned limitations in garnet ASSBs. Using high-resolution volume images of the SE electrode sample, we are able to reconstruct the SE microstructure. Using a grain segmentation algorithm, we further distinguish individual grains and account for the influence of the SE grain size and grain boundaries. We focus our simulation work on the trilayer cell architecture, consisting of two porous SE electrodes separated by a dense layer. Even though the highly porous SE electrodes reduce the lithium interface resistance by providing a higher active surface area, the increased electrode tortuosity also reduces the effective ionic conductivity in the SE. We confirm via impedance simulation studies and validation against experimental results that with increasing SE electrode porosity, the lithium transport becomes limited by grain boundaries. We also correlate the area-specific resistance to different lithium infiltration stages in the trilayer cell by spatially resolving the current density distribution. This analysis allows us to suggest a plausible deposition mechanism, and moreover, we identify current density hot spots in the proximity of the dense layer. These hot spots might lead to dendrite formation and long-term cell failure. The joint theoretical and experimental study gives guidelines for cell design and optimization which allow further improvement of the trilayer architecture.
High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Adolescents Attending a Reference Centre for the Treatment of Obesity in Switzerland (2022)

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is common in populations with obesity. This study aimed at assessing (1) the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and (2) the associations between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents attending a reference centre for the treatment of obesity. Design: Cross-sectional pilot study conducted in the paediatric obesity unit of the Lausanne university hospital, Switzerland. Methods: Participants were considered eligible if they (1) were aged between 10 to 16.9 years and (2) consulted between 2017 and 2021. Participants were excluded if (1) they lacked vitamin D measurements or (2) the vitamin D measurement was performed one month after the base anthropometric assessment. Hypovitaminosis D was considered if the vitamin D level was <30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L). Severe obesity was defined as a BMI z-score > 3 SD. Results: We included 52 adolescents (31% girls, mean age 13 ± 2 years, 33% with severe obesity). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 87.5% in girls and 88.9% in boys. The vitamin D levels were inversely associated with BMI, Spearman r and 95% CI: −0.286 (−0.555; −0.017), p = 0.037; they were not associated with the BMI z-score: −0.052 (−0.327; 0.224), p = 0.713. The vitamin D levels were negatively associated with the parathormone levels (−0.353 (−0.667; −0.039), p = 0.028) and positively associated with the calcium levels (0.385 (0.061; 0.708), p = 0.020), while no association was found between vitamin D levels and blood pressure and lipid or glucose levels. Conclusion: almost 9 out of 10 adolescents with obesity in our cohort presented with hypovitaminosis D. Hypovitaminosis D does not seem to be associated with a higher cardiovascular risk profile in this group.
Boosting the Performance of Plug-and-Play Priors via Denoiser Scaling (2020)

Plug-and-play priors (PnP) is an image reconstruction framework that uses an image denoiser as an imaging prior. Unlike traditional regularized inversion, PnP does not require the prior to be expressible in the form of a regularization function. This flexibility enables PnP algorithms to exploit the most effective image denoisers, leading to their state-of-the-art performance in various imaging tasks. In this paper, we propose a new denoiser scaling technique to explicitly control the amount of PnP regularization. Traditionally, the performance of PnP algorithms is controlled via intrinsic parameters of the denoiser related to the noise variance. However, many powerful denoisers, such as the ones based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), do not have tunable parameters that would allow controlling their influence within PnP. To address this issue, we introduce a scaling parameter that adjusts the magnitude of the denoiser input and output. We theoretical justify the denoiser scaling from the perspectives of proximal optimization, statistical estimation, and consensus equilibrium. Finally, we provide numerical experiments demonstrating the ability of denoiser scaling to systematically improve the performance of PnP for denoising CNN priors that do not have explicitly tunable parameters.
Mechanism of photochemical conversion of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazides in solution (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of photochemical conversion of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazides in solutionTsuyoshi Shibata, Kenichi Koseki, Tsuguo Yamaoka, Masayuki Yoshizawa, Hisao Uchiki, and Takayoshi KobayashiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 22, 6269–6272Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100333a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100333a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Subjective and Objective Video Quality Assessment of High Dynamic Range Sports Content (2023)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) video streaming has be-come more popular because of the faithful color and bright-ness presentation. However, the live streaming of HDR, especially of sports content, has unique challenges, as it was usually encoded and distributed in real-time without the post-production workflow. A set of unique problems that occurs only in live streaming, e.g. resolution and frame rate crossover, intra-frame pulsing video quality defects, complex relationship between rate-control mode and video quality, are more salient when the videos are streamed in HDR format. These issues are typically ignored by other subjective databases, disregard the fact that they have a sig-nificant impact on the perceived quality of the videos. In this paper, we present a large-scale HDR video quality dataset for sports content that includes the above mentioned important issues in live streaming, and a method of merging multi-ple datasets using anchor videos. We also benchmarked ex-isting video quality metrics on the new dataset, particularly over the novel scopes included in the database, to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the existing models. We found that despite the strong overall performance over the entire database, most of the tested models perform poorly when predicting human preference for various encoding pa-rameters, such as frame rate and adaptive quantization.
Synthetic Circuit Generation Using Clustering and Iteration (2004)

The development of next-generation computer-aided design tools and field programmable gate array architectures require benchmark circuits to experiment with new algorithms and architectures. There has always been a shortage of good public benchmarks for these purposes, and even companies that have access to proprietary customer designs could benefit from designs that meet size and other particular specifications. In this paper, we present a new method of generating realistic synthetic benchmark circuits to help alleviate this shortage. The method significantly improves the quality of previous work by imposing a hierarchy of circuits through clustering and by using a simpler method of characterizing the nature of sequential circuits. Also, in contrast to current constructive generation methods (Hutton et al., 1998), (Hutton et al., 2002), (Darnauer and Dai, 1996), (Iwama and Hino, 1994), (Iwama et al., 1997), (Harlow and Brglez, 1997), (Ghosh et al., 1998), (http://www.cbl.ncsu.edu//spl bsol/-publications //spl bsol/-/spl bsol/#2000-TR@CBL-01-Ghosh), (Pistorius et al., 2000), (Stroobandt et al., 2000), (Verplaetse et al., 2002), we employ new iterative techniques in the generation that provide better control over the generated circuit's characteristics. As in previous work, we assess the realism of the generated circuits by comparing properties of real circuits and generated "clones" of the real circuit after placement and routing. On average, the real and clone circuits' total detailed wirelength differ by only 14%, a major improvement over previous results. In addition, the minimum track count is within 14% and the critical-path delay is within 10%.
Stimulating Creativity with FunLines: A Case Study of Humor Generation\n in Headlines (2020)

Building datasets of creative text, such as humor, is quite challenging. We\nintroduce FunLines, a competitive game where players edit news headlines to\nmake them funny, and where they rate the funniness of headlines edited by\nothers. FunLines makes the humor generation process fun, interactive,\ncollaborative, rewarding and educational, keeping players engaged and providing\nhumor data at a very low cost compared to traditional crowdsourcing approaches.\nFunLines offers useful performance feedback, assisting players in getting\nbetter over time at generating and assessing humor, as our analysis shows. This\nhelps to further increase the quality of the generated dataset. We show the\neffectiveness of this data by training humor classification models that\noutperform a previous benchmark, and we release this dataset to the public.\n
Safety and Security for Intelligent Infrastructure (2017)

Increasingly, smart computing devices, with powerful sensors and internet connectivity, are being embedded into all new forms of infrastructure, from hospitals to roads to factories. These devices are part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the economic value of their widespread deployment is estimated to be trillions of dollars, with billions of devices deployed. Consider the example of "smart meters" for electricity utilities. Because of clear economic benefits, including a reduction in the cost of reading meters, more precise information about outages and diagnostics, and increased benefits from predicting and balancing electric loads, such meters are already being rolled out across North America. With residential solar collection, smart meters allow individuals to sell power back to the grid providing economic incentives for conservation. Similarly, smart water meters allow water conservation in a drought. Such infrastructure upgrades are infrequent (with smart meters expected to be in service for 20-30 years) but the benefits from the upgrade justify the significant cost. A long-term benefit of such upgrades is that unforeseen savings might be realized in the future when new analytic techniques are applied to the data that is collected. The same benefits accrue to any infrastructure that embeds increased sensing and actuation capabilities via IoT devices, including roads and traffic control, energy and water management in buildings, and public health monitoring.
Cooperative MIMO-OFDM Cellular System with Soft Handover Between Distributed Base Station Antennas (2008)

Cooperative processing of transmitted signal from several multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) base stations (BS) is considered for users located within a soft handover (SHO) region. The downlink resource allocation problem with different BS power constraints is studied for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with adaptive MIMO transmission. Joint design of the linear transmit and receive beamformers in a MIMO multiuser transmission subject to per BS power constraints is considered. A solution for the weighted sum rate maximization problem is proposed. The proposed algorithm is shown to provide a very efficient solution despite of the fact that the global optimality cannot be guaranteed due to the non-convexity of the optimization problem. Moreover, efficient resource allocation method based on zero forcing transmission is provided. The impact of the size of a SHO region, the overhead from the increased resource utilization, and different inter-cell interference distributions due to the SHO are evaluated by system level simulations. Although the overhead from the SHO processing can be significant, it can be mitigated by using space division multiple access for users having an identical SHO active set composition. The users located at the SHO region may enjoy from greatly increased transmission rates. This translates to significant overall system level gains from the cooperative SHO processing.
Abstract 605: Apogossypolone derivative -BI97D6 effectively targets MCL1 overexpressing Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells. (2013)

Abstract Aberrant expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL2, MCL1, and BCL-XL is observed in many tumors including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). An obvious strategy for AML therapy would be to target the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members. While compounds such as ABT-737 have shown promise for treatment of some malignancies, the compound binds poorly to MCL1 and thus cells that overexpress MCL1 usually display high resistance to the drug. Furthermore, ABT-737 activates ERK signaling resulting in MCL1 overexpression in surviving cells (Konopleva, et al, Leukemia 2011). The apogossypolone derivative -BI97D6 binds MCL1 and BCL2, BCL-XL, BFL1 with high affinities (Wei, et al, J Med Chem 2010). We recently reported that -BI97D6 (a) efficiently kills AML cell lines even in the presence of protective mesenchymal stroma cells, (b) interferes with the association between MCL1/BIM and BCL2/BAX, (c) stimulates BAX conformational change, (d) requires BAX or BAK for cell killing, and (e) does not induce ER stress. These data suggests that -BI97D6, unlike other gossypol or apogossypol compounds, acts mainly as a BH3 mimetic. In the current study, we first examined the role of MCL1 in -BI97D6-mediated killing. OCI-AML3 cells are extremely resistant to ABT-737 due to its high expression of MCL1. MCL1 expression was suppressed by lenti-viral shRNA in OCI-AML3 cells and knockdown of MCL1 protein by 80% was achieved as determined by quantitative western blot. Compared to cells with non-specific control shRNA, cells with MCL1 shRNA were greatly sensitized to ABT-737, and significantly sensitized to AraC, while -BI97D6, which binds MCL1 with high affinity, is almost equipotent in knockdown and control cells. Since results with AML cell lines have been promising, we examined the efficacy of -BI97D6 on primary AML samples. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that -BI97D6 potently induced apoptosis in AML blast cells at low nM concentration (EC50&amp;lt;50nM). -BI97D6 also effectively killed putative CD34+CD38- leukemia stem cells (LSC). Importantly, primary AML with FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835 mutations showed similar sensitivity as those without FLT3 mutations (EC50&amp;lt;50nM). As FLT3 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in AML, these findings suggests that -BI97D6 can target AML LSC and could benefit even high risk patients. In summary, compound -BI97D6 may be a promising drug candidate for MCL1-targeted AML therapy. Citation Format: Rongqing Pan, Vivian Ruvolo, Maurizio Pellecchia, Jun Wei, Marina Konopleva, John C. Reed, Peter Ruvolo, Michael Andreeff. Apogossypolone derivative -BI97D6 effectively targets MCL1 overexpressing Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 605. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-605
An in Vivo Blood Microsampling Device for Pharmacokinetic Applications (2007)

This paper describes an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in vivo</i> microsystem for automated blood microsampling from a lab mouse for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. Intended to be mounted as a "backpack" on a mouse, it uses a micro-needle, reservoir, and an actuator. It is designed to suddenly prick the animal for a time-point sample, minimizing the potential impact of stress-related endocrine changes. The blood is collected by the 33-gauge micro-needle(210 μm OD) into the ≈1 μL micro-electro-discharge machined steel reservoir. The small volume enables repeated sampling, permitting a full PK profile to be obtained from a single mouse. The voice coil actuator provides a peak force of ≈170 mN, which can easily pierce the needle through mouse skin. The device was tested for blood vessel sampling using a mock vessel with adjustable pressure, and the reservoir was filled in <0.15 sec by a combination of the capillary effect and blood pressure. For interstitial fluid sampling, the capillary effect of the needle inner surface was enhanced by electropolishing. Blood from fresh bovine tissue was collected into the reservoir to simulate interstitial fluid sampling.
Going Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Image Descriptions to Satisfy the Information Wants of People Who are Blind or Have Low Vision (2021)

Image descriptions are how people who are blind or have low vision (BLV) access information depicted within images. To our knowledge, no prior work has examined how a description for an image should be designed for different scenarios in which users encounter images. Scenarios consist of the information goal the person has when seeking information from or about an image, paired with the source where the image is found. To address this gap, we interviewed 28 people who are BLV to learn how the scenario impacts what image content (information) should go into an image description. We offer our findings as a foundation for considering how to design next-generation image description technologies that can both (A) support a departure from one-size-fits-all image descriptions to context-aware descriptions, and (B) reveal what content to include in minimum viable descriptions for a large range of scenarios.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Stereoselective anti-Markovnikov-Addition of Thioamides to Alkynes (2008)

A catalyst system generated in situ from bis(2-methallyl)-cycloocta-1,5-diene-ruthenium(II) and a phosphine was found to efficiently catalyze the addition of thioamides to terminal alkynes with exclusive formation of the anti-Markovnikov thioenamide products. The stereoselectivity of the addition is usually high and controlled by the choice of the phosphine ligand, whereas the (E)-isomers are predominantly formed in the presence of tri(n-octyl)phosphine, the use of bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane preferentially leads to the formation of the (Z)-configured thioenamides.
BiSeg: Simultaneous Instance Segmentation and Semantic Segmentation with\n Fully Convolutional Networks (2017)

We present a simple and effective framework for simultaneous semantic\nsegmentation and instance segmentation with Fully Convolutional Networks\n(FCNs). The method, called BiSeg, predicts instance segmentation as a posterior\nin Bayesian inference, where semantic segmentation is used as a prior. We\nextend the idea of position-sensitive score maps used in recent methods to a\nfusion of multiple score maps at different scales and partition modes, and\nadopt it as a robust likelihood for instance segmentation inference. As both\nBayesian inference and map fusion are performed per pixel, BiSeg is a fully\nconvolutional end-to-end solution that inherits all the advantages of FCNs. We\ndemonstrate state-of-the-art instance segmentation accuracy on PASCAL VOC.\n
Efficient delivery of vector DNA to dendritic cells using silica‐nanoparticles (2008)

Objective: Optimize plasmid DNA delivery to DCs using silica‐nanoparticles (NPs) for tumor immunotherapy. Methods: Human monocyte‐derived DCs were generated from PBMCs by culturing adherent cells in GM‐CSF and IL‐4 for 5 to 7 days. SiO 2 nanoparticles were generated using polymer beads as template. The surface was functionalized with amino silane or amino phosphoric acid and the polymer core was removed by calcination or organic solvents. Results: We sought to determine the optimal parameters in terms of size and surface modification of silica‐NPs with regard to DNA adsorption. DNA could be adsorbed to silica‐NPs of different sizes and surface modifications including amine groups and poly‐L‐lysine (pLL) lead to increased DNA adsorption to the NPs. NPs of 45, 100, and 200 nm diameter were effectively taken up by DCs and no obvious preference was observed. Interestingly pLL‐modified NPs were not taken up by DCs. Confocal microscopy indicated that NPs were also present in the nucleus of the DC which showed high viability for at least 7 days. To determine whether the NPs can be used to deliver DNA into DCs and lead to gene expression of the transgene, immature DCs were exposed to NP‐DNA complexes containing gfp‐plasmid and analyzed for Gfp expression by flow cytometry. 45% of the DCs expressed GFP at 48h. Conclusion: SiO 2 ‐nanoparticles of 80 and 120 nm are more efficient than electroporation to introduce a transgene into DCs in vitro and possibly in vivo for DNA vaccines.