gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Magneto-Optical Traps for Additive Manufacture by 3D Printing (2017)

A key element in the study of cold atoms, and their use in emerging quantum technologies, is trapping the atoms in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber. Many methods have been used to trap atoms including atom chips and magneto-optical traps (MOTs). However, the bulky apparatus, and current-carrying coils, used so far in most MOTs restrict the reduction of power and physical size, as required for quantum technology applications. The advent of 3D printing technology now offers a new route to making MOTs with current paths that can be freely shaped and shrunk to several centimetres, thereby helping to reduce the power consumption and simplify the production of the MOT itself. In this paper, we present designs for 3D printed MOTs and analyse their performance by using COMSOL simulations. We predict that the 3D-printed conductors can create magnetic fields with gradients around 15 G/cm and passing through zero, as required for atom trapping, with Joule heating as low as 0.2 W.
An ENDOR Study of Nitrosyl Myoglobin Single Crystals (1989)

Abstract 14 N, 15 N and 1 H ENDOR spectra were taken from single crystals of 15 NO ligated myoglobin at about 5 K in order to probe the spatial arrangement of the protons and nitrogens from the environment interacting with the Fe‐N‐O complex and to analyze its bonding configuration. The 14 N hyperfine (20.4 MHz, 15.2 MHz and 16.8 MHz) and quadrupolar tensors (+1.67 MHz, −0.86 MHz, −0.98 MHz) of NE2 of the proximal histidine expand the previously reported picture from ESR analysis showing a distorted NO bond configuration. 15 N data of the N(NO) ligand indicate, however, an orientation of the NO ligand differing from previous ESR reports. The single crystal spectra are applied to an interpretation of the more complex powder‐type spectra. Nine different 1 H interaction tensors have been analyzed and assigned on the basis of theoretical simulation of the single crystal gamut of line positions. For the distal NE2 bound histidine proton, a small position distribution, combined with a strong anisotropy of interaction, is shown to broaden the ENDOR patterns beyond detection. The consequences of this finding with respect to the tetrameric molecule hemoglobin are discussed.
Environmental Conflicts and the Emergence of the Environment as a Social Problem in Rio de Janeiro (2001)

This article adopts a constructionist perspective to analyse the emergence of the environment as a social problem in Rio de Janeiro. It deals with the set of practices and arguments that organise the dispute over defining the environment as an issue. After identifying the demands and actors involved in environmental conflicts in Rio de Janeiro, it presents the main discursive schemes conveyed. The article argues that the specifics of the environment as a public issue are related to the tensions and the possibilities generated by the polarisation between, on the one hand, the understanding of the environment as a public resource and, on the other, the particular nature of the comprehensions expressed in the context of the conflict.
The development of a mouse model to investigate the formation of heterotopic ossification (2023)

In summary, the combination of Am and CTX injection could successfully induce dystrophic calcification/HO, which occurs in the location of muscle injury.
<title>Diffractive microprism architecture for color fan-out beam splitter</title> (2001)

This paper presents an innovative architecture where a micro-prism structure performs an in-line and wavelength-dependent extraction of the light injected at the edge of the device. This partial extraction of light is carried out by holographic mirrors coated onto each micro-prism oblique side. Thanks to the fabrication process, customization is possible and the number and the performances of each extractive faces can easily be tailored at will. These devices can be advantageous for any kind of applications where a high spectral selectivity is required or when a discrete extraction of spectral components has to be performed.
6TiSCH requirements for DetNet (2015)

This document builds on the 6TiSCH architecture that defines, among
others, mechanisms to establish and maintain deterministic routing and
scheduling in a centralized fashion. The document details dependencies
on DetNet and PCE controller to express topologies and capabilities,
as well as abstract state that the controller must be able to program
into the network devices to enable deterministic forwarding
operations.
Developing a tissue-engineered model of the human bronchiole (2010)

Scientists are always looking for new tools to better mimic human anatomy and physiology, especially to study chronic respiratory disease. Airway remodelling is a predominant feature in asthma and occurs in conjunction with chronic airway inflammation. Both the inflammatory and repair processes alter the airway wall which is marked by anatomical, physiological and functional changes. A tissue-engineered model of bronchiole remodelling presents a novel approach to investigating the initiation and progression of airway remodelling. By developing a unique bioreactor system, cylindrical-shaped bronchioles constructed from well-characterized human lung primary cells have been engineered and examined with a much greater control over experimental variables. We have grown human bronchioles composed of fibroblasts, airway smooth muscle cells, small airway epithelial cells and extracellular matrices. The various cell types are in close proximity to one another for cell-cell signalling and matrix interactions. The cylindrical geometry of the tissue applies radial distension for mechanotransduction and the air interface provides a natural environment for the epithelial cells. Optimal cell density, extracellular matrix concentration and media composition were determined. Immunohistochemistry verified bronchiole phenotypic stability. Quiescence was gauged by protein expression which verified a change in phenotype after the initial fabrication stage and implementation of the air interface. A fabrication timeline was devised for repeatable bronchiole fabrication and to understand tissue contraction and cell-seeding duration. The stability of the bronchiole structures and their cellular composition lends these bronchioles to study cell-cell interactions and remodelling events while maintaining in vivo geometrical dimensions and relationships.
Imagery Interference Diminishes in Older Adults: Age-Related Differences in the Magnitude of the Perky Effect (2010)

Studies have documented the negative effects of mental imagery on perception (also known as the Perky effect) in younger adults, but imagery-interference effects in older adults have never been assessed. Two experiments examined this issue directly. Experiment 1 demonstrated that visual mental images diminish visual acuity in younger adults (mean age = 19.0) but not older adults (mean age = 73.6). Experiment 2 obtained parallel results, showing that visual imagery interfered with performance on a visual detection task in younger (mean age = 18.7) but not older adults (mean age = 66.7). Processes underlying age-related differences in imagery-interference effects are discussed and implications of these results for changes in cognitive performance in older adults are considered.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Membered Ring Systems (2012)

Abstract Review: 168 refs.
Acid sphingomyelinase is not essential for the IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway leading to NFkB activation (1994)

A recent report has suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) utilizes acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) pathway to activate NFkB (Schutze et al. 1992. Cell 71:765). To directly investigate the role of acid SMase in IL-1 and TNF receptor-mediated signal transduction, we examined the ability of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type A fibroblasts, which are deficient in acid SMase, to induce IL-8 gene expression through activating NFkB. Unexpectedly, IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha efficiently induced IL-8 production and IL-8 mRNA in NPD type A fibroblasts as in normal fibroblasts. Furthermore, activation of NFkB was also induced in NPD type A fibroblasts in response to IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha stimulation to a similar extent as in normal fibroblasts. These results provide evidence that acid SMase is not essential in IL-1 and TNF receptor signaling leading to NFkB activation as well as the cytokine gene activation which is regulated by NFkB.
HWCVD a-Si:H interlayer slope waveguide coupler for multilayer silicon photonics platform (2017)

We present an interlayer slope waveguide, designed to guide light from one level to another level in a multilayer silicon photonics platform. The waveguide is fabricated using HWCVD a-Si:H at 350 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C. Measured loss of 0.5 dB/slope was obtained at a wavelength of 1550 nm and for TE mode polarization.
Catheter Localization in the Left Atrium using an Outdated Anatomic Reference for Guidance Aditya B. Koolwal Federico Barbagli Christopher R. Carlson David H. Liang (2009)

We present a method for registering real-time ultrasound of the left atrium to an outdated, anatomic surface mesh model, whose shape differs from that of the anatomy. Using an intracardiac echo (ICE) catheter with mounted 6DOF electromagnetic position/orientation sensor (EPS), we acquire images of the left atrium and determine where the ICE catheter must be positioned relative to the surface mesh to generate similar, virtual ICE images. Further, we use an affine warping model to infer how the shape of the surface mesh differs from that of the atrium. Our registration and warping algorithm allows us to display EPS-sensorized catheters inside the surface mesh, facilitating guidance for left atrial procedures. By solving for the atrium- to-mesh warping parameters, we ensure that tissue contact in the anatomy is properly displayed as tissue contact in the mesh. After considering less than thirty seconds worth of ICE data, we are able to accurately localize EPS measurements within the surface mesh, despite surface mesh warpings of up to 20% along and about the principal axes of the left atrium. Further, because our estimation framework is iterative and continuous, our accuracy improves as new data is acquired. Index Terms— ablation catheter, guidance, left atrium, ultra- sound, particle filter
1.5-Gbit/s Filter-free Optical Communication Link based on Wavelength-selective Semipolar ( 20 21 ¯ ) InGaN/GaN Micro-photodetector (2020)

We report on wavelength-selective semipolar <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq2" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>21</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> InGaN/GaN micro-photodetector with broad modulation bandwidth of 293.52 MHz, outperforming polar-based devices. A 1.5-Gbit/s data rate was achieved without the need of spectral-efficient modulation format.
Computational Modeling of Left Ventricle Dynamics and Flow Based on Ultrasonographic Data (2003)

A computational model combined ultrasonographic data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was developed and applied to an anatomically realistic model of the human left ventricle. The proposed methodology employs but not limited to ultrasonographic scans of a human left ventricle to obtain a set of time-varying images of morphology and dynamics of the left ventricle, which are utilized in generating a dynamic geometrical model for blood flow simulation. A so-called Two-Chamber-View modeling method has been proposed to obtain digitized anatomical images on two mutually orthogonal planes that cut through the left ventricle chamber along the long axis from base to apex, and from which two endocardial borderlines in the two planes are extracted for each time frame. Endocardial contours in the short-axis plane is approximated as an ellipse with two radii determined from the extracted endocardial borderlines in the two long-axis planes and stacked up from base to apex to generate a fully three-dimensional geometric model. Physiological conditions of inflow/outflow at orifices notionally representing the mitral and aortic vales are obtained also based on the ultrasonographic images by deriving flow rates at the orifices directly through calculating time-variation-rate of the left ventricle volume. Computational modeling of left ventricle hemodynamics is accomplished by using an in-house NS solver with specific modification for blood flow in heart chamber. The reconstructed CFD model well captures the three-dimensional dynamics of endocardial wall in terms of contraction and expansion phases in the left ventricle; and the dominant fluid dynamics involving vortices and swirls are simulated reasonably. Our computed results indicate that realistic modeling of both geometry and physiological conditions of left ventricle is of great importance in correctly predicting the behavior of the dominant vortex flow and their influence on the heart function.
TM-Net: A Neural Net Architecture for Tone Mapping (2022)

Tone mapping functions are applied to images to compress the dynamic range of an image, to make image details more conspicuous, and most importantly, to produce a pleasing reproduction. Contrast Limited Histogram Equalization (<b>CLHE</b>) is one of the simplest and most widely deployed tone mapping algorithms. <b>CLHE</b> works by iteratively refining an input histogram (to meet certain conditions) until convergence, then the cumulative histogram of the result is used to define the tone map that is used to enhance the image. This paper makes three contributions. First, we show that <b>CLHE</b> can be exactly formulated as a deep tone mapping neural network (which we call the TM-Net). The TM-Net has as many layers as there are refinements in <b>CLHE</b> (i.e., 60+ layers since <b>CLHE</b> can take up to 60 refinements to converge). Second, we show that we can train a fixed 2-layer TM-Net to compute <b>CLHE</b>, thereby making <b>CLHE</b> up to 30× faster to compute. Thirdly, we take a more complex tone-mapper (that uses quadratic programming) and show that it too can also be implemented - without loss of visual accuracy-using a bespoke trained 2-layer TM-Net. Experiments on a large corpus of 40,000+ images validate our methods.
Growth and coalescence behavior of semipolar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ GaN on pre‐structured r‐plane sapphire substrates (2010)

Abstract Semipolar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ oriented GaN has been grown on a pre‐structured r‐plane sapphire substrate. By using silicon doped marker layers (MLs) we have been able to monitor the growth evolution of the stripes until coalescence. With that technique we correlated the growth type (direction) with the results of cathodoluminescence (CL) and transmission electron microscopy. Both characterization methods show only a few defects for the major part of the structure and a relatively high defect density for material grown in a‐direction at one side of the stripes. It is shown that during coalescence these defects are mainly terminated resulting in a flat, planar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ GaN layer with strongly reduced defect density. Additionally, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show the high quality of these layers.
Hardware transactional persistent memory (2018)

Emerging Persistent Memory technologies (also pm, Non-Volatile DIMMs, Storage Class Memory or scm) hold tremendous promise for accelerating popular data-management applications like in-memory databases. However, programmers now need to deal with ensuring the atomicity of transactions on Persistent Memory resident data and maintaining consistency between the order in which processors perform stores and that in which the updated values become durable.
Application of Silicon Carbide Photodiode Flame Temperature Sensors in an Active Combustion Pattern Factor Control System (2009)

This paper describes the development and initial application studies for an active combustion pattern factor controller (APFC) for gas turbines. The system is based around use of a novel silicon carbide (SiC) optical ultraviolet (UV) dual diode flame temperature sensor (FTS) developed by General Electric’s Global Research Center and GE Energy. The APFC system determines combustion flame temperatures, validates the values, and integrates an assessment of signal and combustion hardware health to determine how to trim the fuel flow to individual fuel nozzles. Key aspects of the system include: • Determination of each flame’s bulk temperature using the FTS. • Assessment of the reliability of the flame temperature data and physical combustion hardware health through analysis of the high frequency output of the sensor. • Validation of the flame temperature signal using a data-driven approach (model based validation - MBV). • Fusion of sensor ‘health indices’ into the APFC to alter the trim control signal based on the health (or ‘believability’) of each sensor and fuel nozzle/combustor. • Fault-tolerant peak/valley detection and control module that selects individual fuel valves to target for reducing pattern factor, while simultaneously balancing the overall fuel flow. The authors demonstrated feasibility of the approach by performing simulations using a quasi-2D T700 turbine engine model. Tests were run on the simulated platform with no faults, simulated sensor faults, and on a system with underlying combustion hardware issues. The final APFC system would be applicable for aviation, naval and land-based commercial gas turbines, and can be used in closed-loop control or adapted as an open-loop advisory / diagnostic system.
Latozinemab, a novel progranulin-elevating therapy for frontotemporal dementia (2023)

These findings support the development of latozinemab for the treatment of FTD-GRN and other neurodegenerative diseases where elevation of PGRN may be beneficial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03636204. Registered on 17 August 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03636204 .
An analysis of the impact of fluid overload and fluid depletion for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (2018)

We reconfirm the association between baseline pre- and post-dialysis volume status and mortality in dialysis patients; additionally, we showed that greater fluid status variability is independently associated with higher mortality.
Quantitative electron microscope autoradiographs of 125I-cholecystokinin in pancreatic acini (1982)

To morphologically evaluate the interaction of cholecystokinin (CCK) with its receptors on pancreatic acinar cells, we incubated isolated mouse acini at 37 degrees C with radioiodinated CCK and then prepared quantitative electron microscope autoradiographs. Specific binding of CCK to acini was one-half maximal at 2 min of incubation and maximal after 10 min. The cell-associated radioactivity was extracted and analyzed on Sephadex G-50. After 2 min, 90% of the total cellular radioactivity remained as intact CCK; after 30 min, the intact radioactivity decreased to 65% of total. At 2 min, the fraction of bound hormone that fixed to acini was 84% of total; this amount decreased to 78% after 30 min. Thus, the majority of radioactivity in the autoradiographs at both time points was intact CCK; however, at 30 min, a small amount was also degraded hormone. After both 2 and 30 min of incubation, silver grains were highly concentrated over the basolateral plasma membrane. A significant number of grains were in the cell interior at both time points, increasing from 13% of total grains at 2 min to 42% at 30 min. At both times, the largest fraction of internalized grains was localized over the endoplasmic reticulum. At 30 min, a significant concentration of CCK grains was observed over multivesicular bodies. The present study demonstrates, therefore, that CCK binds to specific receptors on the basolateral surface of pancreatic acinar cells. After binding, the hormone is internalized, locates predominantly on the endoplasmic reticulum, and is then degraded.
Quasiparticle Band Gap modulation in Graphene Nanoribbons Supported on Weakly interacting Surfaces (2013)

In general, there are two major factors affecting bandgaps in nanostructures: (i) the enhanced electron-electron interactions due to confinement and (ii) the modified selfenergy of electrons due to the dielectric screening. While recent theoretical studies on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) report on the first effect, the effect of dielectric screening from the surrounding materials such as substrates has not been thoroughly investigated. Using large-scale electronic structure calculations based on the GW approach, we show that when GNRs are deposited on substrates, bandgaps get strongly suppressed (by as much as 1 eV) even though the GNR-substrate interaction is weak. * These authors contributed equally to this work. † Present address: Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA ‡ Electronic mail: nayaks@rpi.edu
The relationship between water loss, mechanical stress, and molecular structure of human stratum corneum ex vivo (2014)

Proper hydration of the stratum corneum (SC) is important for maintaining skin's vital functions. Water loss causes development of drying stresses, which can be perceived as 'tightness', and plays an important role in dry skin damage processes. However, molecular structure modifications arising from water loss and the subsequent development of stress has not been established. We investigated the drying stress mechanism by studying, ex vivo, the behaviors of the SC components during water desorption from initially fully hydrated samples using Raman spectroscopy. Simultaneously, we measure the SC mechanical stress with a substrate curvature instrument. Very good correlations of water loss to the mechanical stress of the stratum corneum were obtained, and the latter was found to depend mainly on the unbound water fraction. In addition to that, the water loss is accompanied with an increase of lipids matrix compactness characterized by lower chain freedom, while protein structure showed an increase in amount of α-helices, a decline in α-sheets, and an increase in folding in the tertiary structure of keratin. The drying process of SC involves a complex interplay of water binding, molecular modifications, and mechanical stress. This article provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism associated to SC mechanics.
Quasi-static Centralized Rate Allocation for Sensor Networks (2007)

Rate control for congestion mitigation and avoidance has received significant attention in the sensor networks literature. Existing rate control schemes dynamically assign rates in a distributed manner. In this paper, we take a step back and ask: is a near-optimal quasi-static centralized rate allocation even feasible for wireless sensor networks? Intuition would suggest otherwise, since wireless conditions vary dynamically, and optimal centralized rate allocation is known to be computationally intractable. Surprisingly, however, we find that, quasi-static centralized rate allocation performs well at time-scales of tens of minutes on a 40-node testbed. Our approach relies on a relatively simple, lightweight rate allocation heuristic that uses topology and loss rate information, and adapts at relatively long time-scales to channel variability. Extensive experiments on a 40-node wireless testbed show that sensor nodes achieve a goodput very close to their allocated rate, even in harsh wireless conditions. Furthermore, this achieved goodput is nearly 50% higher than that achieved by IFRC, a recently-proposed distributed rate control scheme, and within 13% of an empirically-determined optimal rate. We also evaluate extensions to our heuristic to support weighted fairness and networks with multiple base stations.