gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer of the plJ101 plasmid in Streptomyces lividans requires a cis‐acting function dispensable for chromosomal gene transfer (1994)

The tra gene of Streptomyces lividans plasmid plJ101 is required for both plasmid DNA transfer and plJ101-induced mobilization of chromosomal genes during mating. We show that a chromosomally inserted copy of tra mediates transfer of chromosomal DNA at high frequency but promotes efficient transfer of plasmids only when they contain a previously unknown locus, here named clt. Insertional mutation or deletion of clt from plJ101 reduced plasmid transfer mediated by either plasmid-borne or chromosomally located tra by at least three orders of magnitude, abolished the transfer-associated pocking phenomenon, and interfered with the ability of tra+ plasmids to promote transfer of chromosomal DNA. Our results indicate that plasmid transfer in S. lividans involves a cis-acting function dispensable for chromosomal gene transfer and imply that either the S. lividans chromosome encodes its own clt-like function or, alternatively, that transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA occurs by different mechanisms.
Carrier Detection in X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia by Analysis of X-Chromosome Inactivation (1987)

We used a recently developed strategy to analyze patterns of X-chromosome inactivation in human cell populations in order to study female members of families with X-linked agammaglobulinemia--i.e., to detect the carrier state and to test the hypothesis that the disorder results from a defect intrinsic in the development of B cells. According to this strategy, recombinant-DNA probes simultaneously detect restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms and patterns of methylation of X-chromosome genes. Random X-inactivation patterns were observed in isolated peripheral-blood granulocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes of women who were not carriers. In contrast, one of the two X chromosomes was preferentially active in the peripheral B cells, but not the T cells or granulocytes, of three carriers of the disorder. This observation strongly supports the hypothesis that X-linked agammaglobulinemia results from an intrinsic defect in B-cell development. Moreover, the analysis described here can be used for direct identification of carriers in families with this disease.
Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: MicroRNAs With Efficacy in PreclinicalIn VivoModels (2021)

In order to identify new targets and treatment modalities for clear cell renal carcinoma, we surveyed the literature with respect to microRNAs involved in this disease. In this review, we have focused on up- and down-regulated miRs which mediate efficacy in preclinical clear-cell renal carcinoma-related in vivo models. We have identified 10 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated micro-RNAs according to this criterion. As proof-of-concept, micro-RNAs interfering with VEGF (miR-205p) and mTOR (mir-99a) pathways, which are modulated by approved drugs for this disease, have been identified. miRs targeting hypoxia induced factor-2α (HIF-2α) (miR-145), E3 ubiquitinylases speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) (miR 520/372/373) and casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) (miR-200a-3p), interfere with druggable targets. Further identified miRs interfere with cell-cycle dependent kinases, such as CDK2 (miR-200c), CDK4, 6 (miR-1) and CDK4, 9 (206c). Transmembrane receptor Ral interacting protein of 76 kD (RLIP76), targeted by mir-137, has emerged as another important target for ccRCC. Additional miRs and their targets merrying further preclinical validation are discussed.
Spin-Selective Electron Quantum Transport in NonmagneticMgZnO/ZnOHeterostructures (2015)

We report magnetotransport measurements on a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system at the nonmagnetic MgZnO/ZnO heterointerface showing distinct behavior for electrons with spin-up and spin-down orientations. The low-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations manifest alternating resistance peak heights which can be attributed to distinct scattering rates for different spin orientations. The tilt-field measurements at a half-integer filling factor reveal that the majority spins show usual diffusive behavior, i.e., peaks with the magnitude proportional to the index of the Landau level at the Fermi energy. By contrast, the minority spins develop "plateaus" with the magnitude of dissipative resistivity that is fairly independent of the Landau level index and is of the order of the zero-field resistivity.
Effects of the Reservoir Environment and Oilfield Operations on the Iron Mineral Surface Charge Development: An Insight into Their Role in Wettability Alteration (2022)

Iron minerals are hydrophobic minerals predominately found in sandstone formations with their role in wettability alteration not fully understood. With the reservoir rock being a complex system of multiple minerals, the control of wettability alterations becomes difficult to manage due to the different surface chemistry of constituent minerals. This study presents for the first time the surface charge development of pyrite, magnetite, and hematite minerals in native reservoir environments and the effect of oilfield operations such as acidizing, water injection, polymerization, surfactant flooding, and alkaline flooding on iron minerals, surface charge development. This was achieved using zeta potential measurement, which depicts the type of surface charge and infers the propensity of precipitation. The experimental results show that pyrite, magnetite, and hematite behave similarly under reservoir conditions with all the minerals being positively charged although pyrite and hematite are negatively charged in seawater (SW). Results also show that the surface charge development is controlled by the electrical double-layer effect and ion adsorption on the mineral surfaces. These findings provide key insights into the role of iron minerals in wettability alteration as they provide surfaces that serve as a precursor for polar crude component adsorption. Also, the design of an ion-engineered fluid to control the surface charge of iron minerals was implemented, and the results showed that they behave differently. Furthermore, the effect of low-salinity water on the mineral surface charge was examined. The findings revealed that low-salinity water can produce a negatively charged surface, however, cannot mitigate the iron mineral precipitation challenge as the observed zeta potential values are near zero. Finally, slug and continuous injection of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelating agent was implemented as an iron mineral precipitation control strategy, with the continuous injection observed to significantly improve the colloidal stability of the iron minerals in the reservoir native state and after SW injection.
Supramolecular microextraction of cobalt from water samples before its microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection (2015)

The supramolecular solvent system consists of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1-decanol, that was used as an extraction solvent for a microextraction procedure for the preconcentration and separation of Co(II). The proposed supramolecular-based procedure was combined with microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of cobalt at trace levels in water samples. N-Benzoyl-N,N-diisobutylthiourea was used to chelate Co(II) in an aqueous solution. Quantitative extraction efficiency was obtained at pH 6.5. The effects of analytical parameters including pH, amount of ligand, type, ratio and volume of supramolecular solvent, sample volume and interfering ions were investigated for optimisation of the procedure. The proposed supramolecular solvent-based microextraction procedure (Ss-ME) exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.29 µg L−1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.88 µg L−1. The procedure was validated by addition/recovery tests and by applying TMDA 64.2 and TMDA 53.3 water certified reference materials. The microextraction method was successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of cobalt in water samples.
Exploiting Chemical Probes for Identifying Drug Target Proteins (2003)

The completion of the human genome project brings a paradigm shift for drug discovery. It has been said that use of genomic information could accelerate the identification of new drug targets and the development of tailor-made drugs. Rising new technologies, such as transcriptomics (DNA microarray analysis), proteomics and bioinformatics, have made it possible to analyze a global expression of genes and proteins and compare their difference between normal and disease conditions. But it is also become evident that such flood of enormous data is not necessarily prerequisite for new drug discovery, especially for drug target identification. Chemical compounds with pharmacological activities appear to be one of the key tools to narrow down druggable targets on the basis of their interaction with cellular proteins and their effects on gene and protein expression. Here we show recent technologies that exploit chemical probes for identifying promising drug target proteins.
Annex: Guideline for Cryptographic Mechanisms for Health Care Management (1996)

The comprehensive objective of SEISMED (a \underbar{S}ecure \underbar{E}nvironment for \underbar{I}nformation \underbar{S}ystems in \underline{MED}icine) was to elaborate a consistent, harmonized framework for medical data protection throughout Europe. The specific technical proposals of SEISMED are thus accompanied by a high level security policy which presents the underlying principles. This approach is consistent with the forthcoming European ITSEC activity.
Large scale genome-wide association study in a Japanese population identified 45 novel susceptibility loci for 22 diseases (2019)

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH The overwhelming majority of participants in current genetic studies are of European ancestry 1–3 , limiting our genetic understanding of complex disease in non-European populations. To address this, we aimed to elucidate polygenic disease biology in the East Asian population by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 212,453 Japanese individuals across 42 diseases. We detected 383 independent signals in 331 loci for 30 diseases, among which 45 loci were novel ( P &lt; 5 × 10 −8 ). Compared with known variants, novel variants have lower frequency in European populations but comparable frequency in East Asian populations, suggesting the advantage of this study in discovering these novel variants. Three novel signals were in linkage disequilibrium (r 2 &gt; 0.6) with missense variants which are monomorphic in European populations (1000 Genomes Project) including rs11235604(p.R220W of ATG16L2 , a autophagy-related gene) associated with coronary artery disease. We further investigated enrichment of heritability within 2,868 annotations of genome-wide transcription factor occupancy, andidentified 378 significant enrichments across nine diseases (FDR &lt; 0.05) (e.g. NF-κB for immune-related diseases). This large-scale GWAS in a Japanese population provides insights into the etiology of common complex diseases and highlights the importance of performing GWAS in non-European populations.
Adsorption of linear alkanes on Cu(111): Temperature and chain-length dependence of the softened vibrational mode (2007)

The vibrational spectra of linear alkanes, with lengths ranging from n-propane to n-octane, were examined on a copper surface by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. The appearance and frequency of the "soft mode," a feature routinely seen in studies of saturated hydrocarbons adsorbed on metals, were examined and compared between the different adsorbates. The frequency of the mode was found to be dependent on both the number of methylene units of each alkane as well as specific aspects of the order of the monolayer phase. Studies of monolayer coverages at different temperatures provide insights into the nature of the two-dimensional (2D) melting transitions of these adlayer structures, ones that can be inferred from observed shifts in the soft vibrational modes appearing in the C-H stretching region of the infrared spectrum. These studies support recently reported hypotheses as to the origins of such soft modes: the metal-hydrogen interactions that mediate them and the dynamics that underlay their pronounced temperature dependencies. The present data strongly support a model for the 2D to one-dimensional order-order phase transition arising via a continuous rather than discrete first-order process.
Real-time operating system services for networked embedded systems. (1998)

This dissertation examines issues related to the design and implementation of real-time operating system (RTOS) services for consumer item embedded systems such as cars, webTVs, and cellular phones. Since these devices are mass-produced, keeping production costs low is all important, meaning that RTOS services must be highly efficient to enable use of low-cost hardware in these devices. This dissertation explores optimization techniques for basic RTOS services (task scheduling, synchronization, and communication) to meet the requirements of embedded systems. First, dynamic schedulers like earliest-deadline first (EDF) give high processor utilization but incur high run-time overhead while the opposite is true for static schedulers like rate-monotonic (RM). We design the combined static/dynamic (CSD) scheduler which employs both EDF and RM to deliver run-time overhead comparable to RM and utilization comparable to EDF. Second, increasing use of OO programming has made efficient synchronization important for embedded systems. In an OO multitasking environment, accesses to objects have to be protected through semaphores to ensure mutual exclusion. We present a new semaphore implementation scheme which saves one context switch per lock operation in most circumstances by rescheduling threads to minimize blocking. Third, embedded devices with Internet connectivity require efficient processing of network data. We present a protocol architecture for reducing receive overhead for audio and video messages. The architecture reduces I-cache misses by safely bypassing multiple protocol layers (benefiting short audio messages) and real-time message data is copied only once without any hardware support (benefiting long video messages). Finally, embedded systems incoporating local area networks (LANs) require proper LAN message scheduling. Controller Area Network (CAN) is a popular LAN in automotive applications. Pure EDF scheduling is not feasible for CAN because of unacceptable overhead while deadline-monotonic (DM) scheduling is feasible but yields low network utilization. We present the feasible mixed traffic scheduler (MTS) which combines EDF and DM using quantized deadlines to deliver higher utilization than DM. Using these optimizations, we built and evaluated an RTOS that provides a rich set of services to programmers and meets the efficiency/cost requirements of embedded systems.
Computer-enhanced high-resolution gas chromatography for the discriminative analysis of tobacco smoke (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-enhanced high-resolution gas chromatography for the discriminative analysis of tobacco smokeMilton E. Parrish, Bennie W. Good, Francis S. Hsu, Frank W. Hatch, Daniel M. Ennis, David R. Douglas, Janet H. Shelton, Duane C. Watson, and Charles N. ReilleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 6, 826–831Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00229a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00229a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Psychiatric Implication of Deficiency of Vitamin B 12 and Vitamin D: A Cross-sectional Study from North India (2023)

Background: Both vitamin B12 and vitamin D are closely correlated with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. These vitamins might have an etiological and prognostic value across a variety of psychiatric illnesses, especially depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, substance use disorder, schizophrenia, dementia, schizophrenia, and so on. Objective: To explore about the deficiency of vitamin D and vitamin B12 in patients presenting to the psychiatry OPD and admitted in indoor wards and explore its relation with various psychiatric disorders. Materials and methods: In our cross-sectional, observational study, data were taken out retrospectively from the psychiatry and biochemistry record system of patients who had visited psychiatry OPD and IPD in the last 6 months and had undergone vitamin B12 and vitamin D investigations. Results: About 168 subjects were included in the study, of which 96 had undergone vitamin B12 level and 72 underwent vitamin D investigations. The mean of vitamin B12 was 314.02 420.28 and the mean of vitamin D was 72.5 62 in the study sample. Vitamin B12 deficiency was majorly found in patients suffering from anxiety disorder (29.8%) followed by depressive disorder (19.1%) and substance use disorder (17%), while vitamin D deficiency was mainly present in cases with an anxiety disorder (29.7%) followed by depressive disorder (13.5%). An equal number of cases with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, and somatic symptom disorder had the vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Early recognition of the deficiency and prompt management would surely affect the course of various psychiatric morbidities.
Developing Standards for Breakthrough Therapy Designation in Oncology (2013)

In July 2012, Congress passed the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA). The Advancing Breakthrough Therapies for Patients Act was incorporated into a Title of FDASIA to expedite clinical development of new, potential "breakthrough" drugs or treatments that show dramatic responses in early-phase studies. Using this regulatory pathway, once a promising new drug candidate is designated as a "Breakthrough Therapy", the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and sponsor would collaborate to determine the best path forward to abbreviate the traditional three-phase approach to drug development. The breakthrough legislation requires that an FDA guidance be drafted that details specific requirements of the bill to aid FDA in implementing requirements of the Act. In this article, we have proposed criteria to define a product as a Breakthrough Therapy, and discussed critical components of the development process that would require flexibility in order to enable expedited development of a Breakthrough Therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Approaches to Glycoprotein Assembly (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Pharmacological Inhibition of the Protein Kinase MRK/ZAK Radiosensitizes Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Synthesis of M443. Color figure.&lt;/p&gt;
Cationic Host–Guest Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers in MCM‐41 (2003)

Introduction Concept Results and Discussion Conclusions and Outlook Acknowledgements References
Near-field optical recording on the cyanine dye layer of a commercial compact disk-recordable (1997)

A tapping-mode near-field scanning optical microscope system with a bent optical fiber probe has been successfully developed to deliver the optical energy to the surface of cyanine dye layer of a commercial compact disk-recordable. The interference and damage result from the force-sensing laser beam can be avoided by using a bent fiber probe. Results of our optical writing showed the size of writing bits can be &amp;lt;40 nm. The estimated writing density may be 400 times higher than available commercially. We have also found the heating of metal coating at the end of fiber probe can perform thermal writing. Atomic force microscope images showed the raised edge of writing bits caused by this thermal writing effect. For the pure optical writing, we found the depth of writing bits should be controlled in a range less than the probe height maintained by the feedback electronics.
Measurements of NO Emissions From a Stratified Charge Engine: Comparison of Theory and Experiment (1973)

Abstract Measurements of NO exhaust emissions have been made on a single-cylinder engine with and without stratification. The results were compared with predictions based on an existing computer model of Blumberg (1973). Combustion duration, a critical parameter of the model, was inferred from experimental pressure-time records for each condition studied. In premixed operation at low NO levels the post-flame Zeldovich kinetics, as used by Lavoie et al, (1970), could not account for the observed concentrations. The discrepancy was ascribed to flame-formed NO, and a correction to the chemical kinetics was made based on the measurements of Fenimore (1970). With this correction good qualitative agreement between theory and experiment was obtained for the premixed case. On the basis of these results the modified kinetics were also employed in the stratified charge calculations. For stratified operation, calculations were made with a number of assumed stratification functions and the results compared with experimental measurements. The best fit to the data was obtained for a strongly stratified fuel distribution with equivalence ratio variations from the mean on the order of the mean itself. Theory and experiment agreed to within a scale factor of ∼2, Further improvements in the absolute accuracy of the model would require consideration of heat transfer effects and a better estimate of flame-formed NO. The results show that the usefulness of stratification for NO control is highly dependent on the overall equivalence ratio. At equivalence ratios near stoichiometric and for equal EGR rales stratified charge operation gives lower NO concentrations than premixed operation. For mixtures leaner than φ = 0.8 however, stratification results in a loss of NO control compared to the premixed case.