gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital RF Processor Techniques for Single-Chip Radios (2006)

RF circuits for multi-GHz frequencies have recently migrated to low-cost digital deep-submicron CMOS processes. Unfortunately, this process environment, which is optimized only for digital logic and SRAM memory, is extremely unfriendly for conventional analog and RF designs. We present fundamental techniques recently developed that transform the RF and analog circuit design complexity to digital domain for a wireless RF transceiver, so that it enjoys the benefits of digital approach, such as process node scaling and design automation. All-digital phase locked loop, all-digital control of phase and amplitude of a polar transmitter, and direct RF sampling techniques allow great flexibility in reconfigurable radio design. Digital signal processing concepts are used to help relieve analog design complexity, allowing one to reduce cost and power consumption in a reconfigurable design environment. VHDL hardware description language is universally used throughout this SoC. The ideas presented have been used in Texas Instruments to develop two generations of commercial digital RF processors: a single-chip Bluetooth radio and a single-chip GSM radio
Modeling one- and two-layer variable bit rate video (1999)

This paper presents a source model for VBR video traffic. A finite-state Markov chain is shown to accurately model one- and two-layer video of all activity levels on a per source basis. Our model captures the source dynamics, including the short-term correlations essential for studying network performance. The modeling technique is shown to be applicable for both H.261 and MPEG2 encoded video of a variety of activity levels. The traffic model is shown in a simulation study to be able to accurately characterize both the single-source buffer occupancy over a wide range of buffer sizes and the multiplexing behavior. The VBR video model is also used to model the enhancement layer of two-layer SNR scalable video. We show that two-layer encoding has significantly better statistical multiplexing gains than one-layer video, particularly when the network admits calls based on a leaky-bucket characterization.
Platelet‐activating factor is a messenger in the electroconvulsive shock‐induced transcriptional activation of c‐fos and zif‐268 in hippocampus (1994)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), undetectable in resting neural tissue, accumulates in brain during seizures. A hetrazepine, BN-50730, is shown here to displace [3H]PAF-specific binding from microsomal, but not from synaptosomal membranes, indicating selectivity for a high affinity intracellular binding site. Rats pretreated with BN-50730 by intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection exhibited an inhibition of the electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced expression of c-fos and zif-268 in hippocampus. A much more pronounced, dose-dependent inhibition of ECS-induced zif-268 mRNA in hippocampus by intracerebroventricular injection of BN-50730 was observed. It is concluded that, in the hippocampus, PAF is a mediator of the expression of zif-268 and, to a lesser extent, c-fos through an intracellular specific binding site. Thus, PAF may be a messenger in signal regulated zinc-finger transcription factors, and in other immediate-early genes involved in long-term synaptic plasticity changes.
Optical modem technology for seafloor observatories (2005)

Cabled ocean observatories will bring broadband Internet to the seafloor around hydrothermal vent sites and other scientifically interesting features. The ideal platform for exploring and monitoring these sites, especially during episodic events, is a remotely-piloted, unmanned, underwater vehicle (UUV) which is capable of sending back high-quality video or other high-rate sensor data. The combined requirement of remote-piloting and high data rates argues for a bidirectional "wireless" communications link capable of sending and receiving data at one to several Mbits per second. Wireless communications at a high data-rate can only be accomplished optically within the ocean. An optical link is practical because of the clear water near the sea floor and recent improvements in diode lasers, LEDs, optical detectors and other subsystem components. In this paper the system approach and several key engineering trades are presented, followed by modeled results deriving maximum range and data rate versus power available at the transmitter.
Expression of the p16INK4A Gene Is Associated Closely with Senescence of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Is Potentially Silenced by DNA Methylation During In Vitro Expansion (2007)

The precise biological characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), including growth regulatory mechanisms, have not yet been defined. Using 29 strains of hMSCs isolated from bone marrow, we have performed extensive analyses of the growth profiles of hMSCs in vitro. All 29 strains stopped proliferating with a mean population doubling (PD) of 28, although there was a considerable difference among strains. The mean telomere restriction fragment length of the cells passaged twice correlated well with the final number of PDs in each strain, suggesting the value of this measurement to be predictive of the growth potential of hMSCs. The expression level of the p16INK4A gene was associated closely with the PD number of each strain (p = .00000001). Most of the p16INK4A-positive cells were Ki67-negative and senescence associated beta-galactosidase-positive, and the suppression of p16INK4A gene expression by small interfering RNA in senescent hMSCs reduced the number of senescent cells and endowed them with the ability to proliferate. Twenty-five of the 29 strains showed a steady gradual increase in the expression of p16INK4A. The remaining four strains (13.8%) showed different profiles, in which DNA methylation in the promoter region occurred in vitro. One of the four strains continued to proliferate for much longer than the others and showed chromosomal aberrations in the later stages. These results indicated p16INK4A to be a key factor in the regulation of hMSC growth, and, most importantly, careful monitoring of DNA methylation should be considered during the culture of hMSCs, particularly when a prolonged and extended propagation is required.
Requirement for Siva-1 for replication of influenza A virus through apoptosis induction (2010)

Infection with influenza A virus causes acute respiratory tract infections in humans and may lead to lethal diseases including pneumonia. Identifying host factors that are involved in the severity of infectious diseases caused by influenza A virus is considered important for the prevention and treatment of these viral infections. This report demonstrated that Siva-1 is crucial for the induction of apoptosis caused by infection with influenza A virus and is involved in virus replication. Susceptibility to apoptosis induced by influenza A virus infection was increased in human lung-derived A549 cells, which stably express Siva-1. In addition, induction of apoptosis after influenza A virus infection was strongly inhibited by knockdown of Siva-1 expression. Furthermore, the replication of influenza A virus was significantly suppressed in A549 cells in which Siva-1 expression was inhibited and the effect of Siva-1 knockdown was eliminated by treatment with Z-VAD-FMK. These findings suggest that the caspase-dependent pathway for induction of apoptosis is involved in Siva-1-mediated influenza A virus replication.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Small-Molecule Polθ Inhibitors Provide Safe and Effective Tumor Radiosensitization in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Accompanies Figure 4 (Characterization of ART899 as a specific and potent Polθ inhibitor with improved stability)&lt;/p&gt;
Rapid Circadian Entrainment in Models of Clock Gene Transcription (2019)

The light-based minimum-time circadian entrainment problem for mammals, Neurospora, and Drosophila is studied based on the mathematical models of their circadian gene regulation. These models contain high order nonlinear differential equations. Two model simplification methods are applied to these high-order models: the phase response curves (PRC) and the Principal Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The variational calculus and a gradient descent algorithm are applied for solving the optimal light input in the high-order models. As the results of the gradient descent algorithm rely heavily on the initial guesses, we use the optimal control of the PRC and the simplified model to initialize the gradient descent algorithm. In this paper, we present: (1) the application of PRC and direct shooting algorithm on high-order nonlinear models; (2) a general process for solving the minimum-time optimal control problem on high-order models; (3) the impacts of minimum-time optimal light on circadian gene transcription and protein synthesis.
Characterization of Atomic Layer Deposited WN[sub x]C[sub y] Thin Film as a Diffusion Barrier for Copper Metallization (2004)

The properties of WNxCy films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using WF6, NH3, and triethyl boron were characterized as diffusion barriers for copper metallization. The films deposited at 313degreesC showed resistivity of about 350 muOhm cm with a density of 15.4 g/cm(3). The film composition measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry showed W, C, and N of approximately 48, 32, and 20 atom %, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the as-deposited film was composed of a face-centered-cubic phase with a lattice parameter similar to both beta-WC1-x and beta-W2N with an equiaxed microstructure. The film kept its nanocrystalline microstructure until annealing at 700degreesC, although some amount of simple hexagonal alpha-WC was identified to be formed and the beta-W2N phase disappeared. As the annealing temperature increased to 800degreesC, relatively larger grains of body-centered-cubic W were newly formed with smaller grains of hexagonal-close-packed alpha-W2C or alpha-WC. All the phenomena are related to nitrogen release after annealing at 700 and 800degreesC. The results of diffusion barrier performance between Cu and Si analyzed by X-ray diffractometry showed that ALD-WNxCy film (12 nm) failed only after annealing at 700degreesC for 30 min by the formation of copper silicide, while the sputter-deposited Ta (12 nm) and ALD-TiN (20 nm) films failed at 650 and 600degreesC annealing, respectively. It is thought that the superior diffusion barrier performance of ALD-WNxCy film is the consequence of both the formation of equiaxed microstructure and the high-density nature of the film. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.
A Counting System of the Chewing Number Using Pressure Sensors (1997)

It is pointed out that the chewing operation is strongly related to one's health and development of brain cells. But our chewing number is decreasing recently, especially for children. We are requested to make a counting system of the chewing number by a dentist.We consider three methods for counting the chewing number using small pressure sensors, i.e., metal strain gage and semiconductor pressure sensor. The first one is the chin-strap detection method in which the system detects the small expansion of the chin strap with strain gages when one chews food. The second is the ear-plug detection method using a strain gage or a semiconductor pressure sensor. In this method, the small strain of the ear-plug is detected by these sensors. The last one is the head detection method in which the system detects the small expansion of the temporal muscle using the head-band with a semiconductor pressure sensor. These systems also can detect the chewing power.Comparing these methods, it is made clear that the head-band detection method has the best performance and its system can be used easily when one chews food. Its miscount is about 1.3 to 3.1[%] depending on food, and the circuit of this system can be put inside user's pocket.
Probing the electrode–electrolyte interface with in operando neutron scattering (2019)

Reactions to form a passivation layer on battery electrode surfaces depend upon the nature of the solvent, salt, temperature, and the presence of impurities such as water.We have developed an approach to investigate the formation of this solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer using inoperando small angle neutron scattering.We recently developed a new in-operando scattering cell which enables us to investigate a wider scattering region quantitatively.We have used this to investigate the impact of different ionic liquid anions on SEI formation through neutron scattering on the EQ-SANS beamline at the SNS.This talk will present the effects of salt anion selection on the interphase formation and microstructure evolution in hard carbon anodes during in-operando cycling.
EXTH-58. ONC206, AN IMIPRIDONE FAMILY MEMBER, SUPPRESSES GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS VIA BLOCKING CANCER STEMNESS PATHWAYS (2018)

Imipridones selectively target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that control critical signaling pathways in various cancer cells. Aberrant overexpression of GPCRs has been implicated in tumorigenesis. ONC201, a first generation imipridone that directly antagonizes dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), continues to be evaluated in clinical trials for advanced cancers. The immediate downstream mechanism(s) of DRD2 inhibition and resulting anti-cancer activity remains an area of active study. METHODS & ONC206, an analog of ONC201, shares the same imipridone core chemical structure and selective antagonism of DRD2, potently inhibits treatment-resistant glioblastoma caused by intra-tumoral heterogeneity with clinically achievable concentrations. In silico analysis of a glioma patient database revealed that alteration of DRD2 mRNA expression was directly connected to global gene expression change. Imaging DRD2 expression by immunofluorescence demonstrated heterogeneous expression of DRD2 in the glioblastoma cells. After DRD2 inhibition, global metabolite profiling in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) compared with differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGCs) demonstrated globally differential effects in their cellular signaling pathways. Cell viability assay showed that exposure to ONC206 in a dose dependent manner preferentially eliminated GSCs with 50 to 200 nM of IC50 ranges, whereas the IC50 of DGCs ranged from 200 to 1000 nM. In vitro limiting dilution and sphere formation assay showed that ONC206 prevented tumor sphere formation and tumor growth. ONC206 down-regulated protein expression of cancer-related stem cell markers in the GSCs; silencing DRD2 expression confirmed the dependency of DRD2 expression on cancer stem cell niches in glioblastoma. ONC206 treatment displays the differential effects on glioblastoma cells, more selectively targeting DRD2 in GSCs (at nanomolar concentrations) compared with DGCs in culture and in xenograft models. This suggests that a therapeutic strategy targeting DRD2-expressing GSCs within glioblastoma may be beneficial for overcoming the therapeutic resistance.
Solid‐State Conversion Reaction to Enhance Charge Transfer in Electrochromic Materials (2015)

Interface engineering has attracted great interest and is essential for the fabrication of thin‐film devices, such as smart windows. In this study, a solid‐state conversion reaction for the development of an interlayer enriched with lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ) is presented for an electrochromic device. We demonstrate that efficient lithium insertion and electron transport can be achieved by the inclusion of a Li 2 O 2 ‐rich interlayer between an active electrochromic material and Li ion solid‐state electrolyte layer. The presence of a Li 2 O 2 ‐rich interlayer enhances electrochromic efficiency, kinetics, optical contrast, and bleached‐state transparency in a nickel oxide‐based electrochromic thin film. This work opens up new opportunities to enhance the functionalities of thin‐film devices by solid‐state conversion reactions.
Measurement of the Quadrupole Moment of the First Excited2+State ofO18 (1975)

We measured the static electric quadrupole moment (${Q}_{{2}^{+}}$) and $B(E2, {{0}_{1}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{2}_{1}}^{+})$ of the first excited state of $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ at 1.98 MeV. The values obtained were $(\ensuremath{-}0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 \mathrm{b})e$ (for the positive sign of the interference term involving the ${2}_{2}^{+}$ state) and $(0.0048\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002 {\mathrm{b}}^{2}){e}^{2}$ for ${Q}_{{2}^{+}}$ and $B(E2, {{0}_{1}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{2}_{1}}^{+})$, respectively. For these values the ratio $\frac{|{Q}_{{2}^{+}}|}{{[B(E2, {{0}_{1}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{2}_{1}}^{+})]}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ is about 3, whereas for no other nucleus does it exceed unity by more than 30%.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Analogues of SJG‐136 and Their DNA‐Binding Potential. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dual Delayed Feedback Provides Sensitivity and Robustness to the NF-κB Signaling Module (2013)

Many cellular stress-responsive signaling systems exhibit highly dynamic behavior with oscillatory features mediated by delayed negative feedback loops. What remains unclear is whether oscillatory behavior is the basis for a signaling code based on frequency modulation (FM) or whether the negative feedback control modules have evolved to fulfill other functional requirements. Here, we use experimentally calibrated computational models to interrogate the negative feedback loops that regulate the dynamic activity of the transcription factor NF-κB. Linear stability analysis of the model shows that oscillatory frequency is a hard-wired feature of the primary negative feedback loop and not a function of the stimulus, thus arguing against an FM signaling code. Instead, our modeling studies suggest that the two feedback loops may be tuned to provide for rapid activation and inactivation capabilities for transient input signals of a wide range of durations; by minimizing late phase oscillations response durations may be fine-tuned in a graded rather than quantized manner. Further, in the presence of molecular noise the dual delayed negative feedback system minimizes stochastic excursions of the output to produce a robust NF-κB response.
Preventing conflicts among bid curves used with transactive controllers in a market-based resource allocation system (2023)

Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for distributing a resource (such as electricity) using a resource allocation system. One of the disclosed embodiments is a method for operating a transactive thermostatic controller configured to submit bids to a market-based resource allocation system. According to the exemplary method, a first bid curve is determined, the first bid curve indicating a first set of bid prices for corresponding temperatures and being associated with a cooling mode of operation for a heating and cooling system. A second bid curve is also determined, the second bid curve indicating a second set of bid prices for corresponding temperatures and being associated with a heating mode of operation for a heating and cooling system. In this embodiment, the first bid curve, the second bid curve, or both the first bid curve and the second bid curve are modified to prevent overlap of any portion of the first bid curve and the second bid curve.
10471 Abstracts Collection – Scalable Visual Analytics (2011)

From 21.11. to 26.11.2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10471 ``Scalable Visual Analytics'' was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
Characterization and optimization of nonlinear materials. Application to telecommunications technology (1995)

International audience
DJ-1 (PARK7) mutations are less frequent than Parkin (PARK2) mutations in early-onset Parkinson disease (2004)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Mutations in the <i>Parkin</i> gene (<i>PARK2</i>) are the most commonly identified cause of recessively inherited early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) but account for only a portion of cases. <i>DJ-1</i> (<i>PARK7</i>) was recently reported as a second gene associated with recessively inherited PD with a homozygous exon deletion and a homozygous point mutation in two families. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> To investigate the frequency of <i>DJ-1</i> mutations, the authors performed mutational analysis of all six coding exons of <i>DJ-1</i> in 100 EOPD patients. For the detection of exon rearrangements, the authors developed a quantitative duplex PCR assay. Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to screen for point mutations and small deletions. Further, <i>Parkin</i> analysis was performed as previously described. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The authors identified two carriers of single heterozygous loss-of-function <i>DJ-1</i> mutations, including a heterozygous deletion of exons 5 to 7 and an 11-base pair deletion, removing the invariant donor splice site in intron 5. Interestingly, both <i>DJ-1</i> mutations identified in this study were found in the heterozygous state only. The authors also detected a polymorphism (R98Q) in 1.5% of the chromosomes in both the patient and control group. In the same patient sample, 17 cases were detected with mutations in the <i>Parkin</i> gene. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Mutations in <i>DJ-1</i> are less frequent than mutations in <i>Parkin</i> in EOPD patients but should be considered as a possible cause of EOPD. The effect of single heterozygous mutations in <i>DJ-1</i> on the nigrostriatal system, as described for heterozygous changes in <i>Parkin</i> and <i>PARK6</i>, remains to be elucidated.
This paper was presented at the National Academy of Sciences colloquium ''Proteolytic Processing and Physiological Regulation,'' held February 20-21, 1999, at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, CA. (1999)

The folding of the extracellular serine pro- tease, a-lytic protease (aLP; EC 3.4.21.12) reveals a novel mechanism for stability that appears to lead to a longer functional lifetime for the protease. For aLP, stability is based not on thermodynamics, but on kinetics. Whereas this has required the coevolution of a pro region to facilitate folding, the result has been the optimization of native-state properties independent of their consequences on thermodynamic stabil- ity. Structural and mutational data lead to a model for catalysis of folding in which the pro region binds to a conserved b-hairpin in the aLP C-terminal domain, stabiliz- ing the folding transition state and the native state. The pro region is then proteolytically degraded, leaving the active aLP trapped in a metastable conformation. This metastability appears to be a consequence of pressure to evolve properties of the native state, including a large, highly cooperative barrier to unfolding, and extreme rigidity, that reduce sus- ceptibility to proteolytic degradation. In a test of survival under highly proteolytic conditions, homologous mammalian proteases that have not evolved kinetic stability are much more rapidly degraded than aLP. Kinetic stability as a means to longevity is likely to be a mechanism conserved among the majority of extracellular bacterial pro-proteases and may emerge as a general strategy for intracellular eukaryotic proteases subject to harsh conditions as well.
Synthesis and anxiolytic activity of a series of pyrazino[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives (1980)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of some derivatives of pyrazino[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines for anxiolytic and antidepressant activity are presented. Significant levels of anxiolytic activity were noted for 7-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-chloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5-hexahydro-3-methylpyrazino[1,2-a];E11,4]benzodiazepine (4b).