gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Message communications in a distributed real-time system with a polled bus (2003)

High-speed message communications is addressed. Each node in the system consists of multiple processors interconnected by a broadcast bus, but the individual nodes are interconnected by an arbitrary network. The concept of a poll number is proposed to control the access to an intranode bus, minimizing the probability of real-time messages missing their deadlines. When a task generates a time-constrained message, a poll number associated with the message is computed on the basis of the message deadline and the task priority. When the bus is free, the various tasks at a node which desire to use the bus write the poll number onto the bus and read it back, one bit at a time, starting from the most significant bit. If at any time the bit read back is different from the bit written, then that particular task drops out of the competition for the bus. The mechanism provides for not only decentralized control of the intranode bus, but also a high degree of flexibility in scheduling messages by different ways of generating poll numbers. The probability of a message missing its deadline in a token bus is found to be much higher than in a polled bus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Cyclic thrombocytopenia with chronic thyroiditis and ankylosing spondylitis]. (1992)

A 58-year-old man with cyclic thrombocytopenia who was initially diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), concomitant with chronic thyroiditis and ankylosing spondylitis, was reported. Serum level of T 3 (0.48 ng/ml) and T 4 (2.1 micrograms/ml) were both subnormal and that of TSH (257.1 microU/ml) was markedly elevated. Thyroid test (6400X) and microsome test (6400X) was both positive, but anti-nuclear antibodies were negative. Radiographic findings of lumbar spine showed the typical "bamboo spine" and HLA B 27 was positive. Therapies for ITP, such as adrenocorticosteroids including steroid pulse therapy, high-dose intravenous gamma-globulin, danazol, slow infusion of vinca alkaloids and splenectomy, were only effective transiently. After these therapies platelet counts began to fluctuate from 0.4 X 10(10)/L to 34.4 X 10(10/L, therefore the diagnosis of cyclic thrombocytopenia was done. Interestingly low-dose methotrexate (MTX) was effective, and the cyclic fluctuation of platelet counts disappeared. These observations in this case were very suggestive of the pathogenesis of cyclic thrombocytopenia and mechanisms of cyclic change of platelet counts.
Random Access Cylindrical Lensing and Beam Steering Using a High-Speed Linear Phased Array (2020)

Linear phased arrays enable simultaneous tunable focusing and scanning. Using an electrostatically actuated, high-speed linear phased array of MEMS mirrors, we demonstrate cylindrical focusing with 90% optical efficiency up to 0.008 numerical aperture (NA) with simultaneous beam steering. Single focus scanning is demonstrated up to an NA of 0.013, at which point the focus splits, creating a multifocal response. The array refresh rate is only limited by the speed of the elements, allowing random-access axial and lateral scanning up to 350 kHz.
Surface Composition of Orthopaedic Implant Metals Regulates Cell Attachment, Spreading, and Cytoskeletal Organization of Primary Human Osteoblasts In Vitro (1994)

The nature of orthopaedic implant surfaces affects the interaction between bone and the implant. To analyze this interaction at a cellular level, this study examined the early phase of cell adhesion to implant surfaces. Using an in vitro model, the cell adhesion of primary human osteoblasts cultured on Ti6A14V (Ti), CoCrMo (CC), and tissue culture polystyrene (PS) was characterized. The osteoblasts were found to adhere in greater numbers to Ti compared with PS and CC during a 12 hour period. Other cellular characteristics related to cell adhesion, such as cell spreading, cytoskeletal organization, and focal contact formation, were also examined. Osteoblasts cultured on Ti were significantly larger, and spread better, compared with those on PS and CC. Also, the rate of cytoskeletal reorganization was enhanced on Ti. Focal contacts remained peripherally located in cells on Ti and CC as cytoskeletal reorganization proceeded. However, for cells on PS, the focal contacts quickly became dispersed along actin filaments. There was no difference between surfaces in the number of cells forming focal contacts, although the cells used a larger percentage of their membrane to attach to CC. These data suggest that osteoblast attachment to Ti is greater because cell spreading and cytoskeletal organization are enhanced. Furthermore, the mechanisms of osteoblast attachment to the underlying substrate may be significantly different between biometals and tissue culture plastic. Substrate specific information regarding the characteristics and mechanisms of cell adhesion may be helpful in the design of implants to optimize bone growth at the interface.
Polyurethane‐block‐polystyrene Prepared by Polymerization in Miniemulsion (2007)

Abstract Waterborne polyurethane‐ block ‐polystyrene latexes were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization in a single batch. A direct miniemulsion of the monomers mixture containing styrene, IPDI, 2,4‐diethyl‐1,5‐pentanediol and a diol‐functionalized azoinitiator was prepared in water. The polyaddition reaction of the PU was then performed in a first step at room temperature, with the help of the catalysts mixture DBTDL/DMDA, yielding a PU macroazoinitiator. In a second step, the miniemulsion was heated to 72 °C to start the radical polymerization of styrene from the macroazoinitiator chains. The polymers obtained from the miniemulsion were fractionated and each fraction was analyzed by GPC, DSC and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that 45% of a (linear) copolymer consisting of a PU and PS was obtained, which is a good compatibilizer for PU/PS polymer blends. TEM from the polymer particles in miniemulsion revealed a homogeneous structure inside the particles. magnified image
Immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma. (1992)

The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma may be brightening. Immunotherapy may offer an effective alternative approach for this disease. Continuing advances in immunology and molecular biology will probably reinforce the early enthusiasm for this method. Although still investigational, cytokine monotherapy and combination therapy, adoptive immunotherapy, and gene therapy appear to be promising therapeutic modalities for selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Mapping the pulmonary environment of animals protected from virulent H1N1 influenza infection using the TLR‐2 agonist Pam2Cys (2015)

We have previously shown that intranasal administration of the Toll-like receptor-2 agonist, S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl) cysteine (Pam2Cys), provides immediate and antigen independent protection against challenge with influenza virus. Here we characterize the cellular pulmonary environments of mice which had either been treated with Pam2Cys or placebo and then challenged with influenza virus. We show that Pam2Cys treatment results in the influx of innate immune cells into the lungs and that depletion of phagocytic cells from this influx using clodronate-loaded liposomes caused a reduction in the number of interstitial macrophages and monocytes. This resulted in abolition of the protective effect indicating the importance of this cellular subset in Pam2Cys-mediated protection.
High-Speed Operation of a Compact ENZ Electroabsorption Modulator Based on Transparent Conducting Oxides. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Activity of the Low-Immunogenic Antimesothelin Immunotoxin RG7787 in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 66K, A: SYTOX Dead Cell Stains allows to gate out viable cells from a representative dissociated KLM-1 tumor. B: In the subpopulation of viable cells, cell doublets are excluded. C: CD71+ cells (=human KLM-1 tumor cells) are gated out of the subpopulation of viable single cells. D: Based on the Alexa-647 background signal in the CD71+ cells of an untreated tumor (not shown), a gate is set and the percentage of Alexa-647+ cells in an RG7787-Alexa647-treated tumor is determined.&lt;/p&gt;
Defects in DNA repair genes and long-term survival in cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). (2019)

4536 Background: Although cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit in MIBC, only a subset of patients have pathologic complete response (pT0) at cystectomy. ATM, RB1 and FANCC mutations have shown correlation with pT0 to cisplatin-based NAC, as previously published. We now report updated OS and disease specific survival (DSS) from two phase II trials using these gene alterations as biomarkers. Methods: Patients with stage T2-T4 (N0 or N1) MIBC were enrolled in phase II trials of dose-dense NAC with MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin; NCT01031420) or GC (gemcitabine and cisplatin; NCT01611662). Patients were treated with NAC with plan for curative cystectomy. DNA from pretreatment tumor tissue was sequenced for coding exons of 287 cancer-related genes and analyzed for mutations. Survival in patients with one or more mutations in ATM, RB1, or FANCC genes was compared to those without mutations. Results: Of 58 pts treated, 38% (22/58 pts) had relevant mutations in the combined group of MVAC (13/34 pts) and GC (9/24 pts) trials. At a median follow-up of 56 months and minimum follow up of 16 months, patients with mutations had statistically significantly greater OS (p = 0.0043) and DSS (p = 0.0015). Median OS/DSS was not reached for patients with a mutation in any group. At 5 years post treatment, OS/DSS were greater in mutated vs non-mutated patients in all groups (see table). Conclusions: Long-term follow up reveals that previously reported improved responses to cisplatin-based NAC associated with mutations in ATM, RB1 and FANCC also confer a clinically meaningful and statistically significant survival benefit in these patients. These alterations may be useful as predictive biomarkers to allow clinicians to prioritize patients most likely to benefit from NAC prior to radical cystectomy. [Table: see text]
Probing Plasticity of Attention and Working Memory Processes Induced by Video Game Play (2015)

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Comment on “Zener tunneling in semiconducting nanotubes and graphene nanoribbon p-n junctions” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 112106 (2008)] (2012)

First Page
<title>Low bit-rate video compression based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) recovery techniques</title> (1994)

Most of the existing video coding algorithms produce highly visible artifacts in the reconstructed images as the bit-rate is lowered. These artifacts are due to the information loss caused by the quantization process. Since these algorithms treat decoding as simply the inverse process of encoding, these artifacts are inevitable. In this paper, we propose an encoder/decoder paradigm in which both the encoder and decoder solve an estimation problem based on the available bitstream and prior knowledge about the source image and video. The proposed technique makes use of a priori information about the original image through a non- stationary Gauss-Markov model. Utilizing this model, a maximum a posteriori estimate is obtained iteratively using mean field annealing. The fidelity to the data is preserved by projecting the image onto a constraint set defined by the quantizer at each iteration. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on an H.261-type video codec. It is shown to be effective in improving the reconstructed image quality considerably while reducing the bit-rate.
Enhanced extraction efficiency of Y2O3:Eu3+ thin-film phosphors coated with hexagonally close-packed polystyrene nanosphere monolayers (2007)

A hexagonally close-packed, two-dimensional (2D) polystyrene (PS) nanosphere photonic crystal (PC) monolayer was built on a sol-gel derived Y2O3:Eu3+ thin film in an attempt to improve the efficiency of light extraction from the phosphor side of the Y2O3:Eu3+ thin film. The effects of crystallinity and particle size of the 2D PS nanosphere/air PC layer on the extraction efficiencies of the Y2O3:Eu3+ thin-film phosphors were investigated. The integrated photoluminescence extraction was improved by a factor of over 3.7 compared to that of a conventional Y2O3:Eu3+ thin film, by adding a 2D PS monolayer array of 580nm sized nanospheres with high crystallinity.
Untersuchung der Proteinbindung an 3D‐Druckmaterial mittels QCM‐D – Grundlagen für das rationale Design druckbarer Enzymreaktoren (2014)

als Reaktion erster und die Nebenproduktbildung als
Catalysis using multifunctional organosiliceous hybrid materials (2013)

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials with different levels of structuration and porous hierarchy and one or several types of active sites in the framework can catalyze multistep chemical processes in a one-pot reactor system following a cascade of reaction events. It will show how the different active sites can act in a synergistic or in a consecutive way following a similar functionality model to biological multisite catalysts. Research on this subject for heterogeneous catalysts is still in the beginning stage and very interesting results can be expected if we are able to successfully combine the properties of organic and inorganic catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic, Kinetic and Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Studies on 8‐Amino‐, 8‐Methylamino‐ and 8‐Dimethylamino‐adenosines (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neural Knowledge Extraction From Cloud Service Incidents (2021)

The move from boxed products to services and the widespread adoption of cloud computing has had a huge impact on the software development life cycle and DevOps processes. Particularly, incident management has become critical for developing and operating large-scale services. Prior work on incident management has heavily focused on the challenges with incident triaging and de-duplication. In this work, we address the fundamental problem of structured knowledge extraction from service incidents. We have built SoftNER, a framework for unsupervised knowledge extraction from service incidents. We frame the knowledge extraction problem as a Named-Entity Recognition task for extracting factual information. SoftNER leverages structural patterns like key value pairs and tables for bootstrapping the training data. Further, we build a novel multitask learning based BiLSTM-CRF model which leverages not just the semantic context but also the data-types for named-entity extraction. We have deployed SoftNER at Microsoft, a major cloud service provider and have evaluated it on more than 2 months of cloud incidents. We show that the unsupervised machine learning pipeline has a high precision of 0.96. Our multi-task learning based deep learning model also outperforms the state of the art NER models. Lastly, using the knowledge extracted by SoftNER we are able to build significantly more accurate models for important downstream tasks like incident triaging.
Effect of temporal autocorrelation due to physiological noise and stimulus paradigm on voxel‐level false‐positive rates in fMRI (1998)

Statistical mapping within a binary hypothesis testing framework is the most widely used analytical method in functional MRI of the brain. A common assumption in this kind of analysis is that the fMRI time series are independent and identically distributed in time, yet we know that fMRI data can have significant temporal correlation due to low-frequency physiological fluctuation (Weisskoff et al. [1993]; Proc Soc Magn Reson Med 9:7; Biswal et al. [1995]: Mag Reson Med 34:537–541). Furthermore, since the signal-to-noise ratio will vary with imaging rate, we should expect that the degree of correlation will vary with imaging rate. In this paper, we investigate the effect of temporal correlation and experimental paradigm on false-positive rates (type I error rates), using data synthesized through a simple autoregressive plus white-noise model whose parameters were estimated from real data over a range of imaging rates. We demonstrate that actual false-positive rates can be biased far above or below the assumed significance level α when temporal autocorrelation is ignored in a way that depends on both the degree of correlation as well as the paradigm frequency. Furthermore, we present a simple method, based on the noise model described above, for correcting such distortions, and relate this method to the extended general linear model of Worsley and Friston ([1995]: Neuroimage 2:173–181). Hum. Brain Mapping 6:239–249, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
(Invited) Non-Covalent Functionalization of Epitaxial Graphene for Atomic Layer Deposition of Dielectric Oxides (2015)

The successful integration of graphene with dielectric materials is an important step in the development of high-performance graphene-based nanoelectronics. For optimal performance, dielectric layers on graphene need to be ultrathin, conformal, and the growth process needs to be well-controlled and reproducible. In practice, atomic layer deposition (ALD) – a thin film growth process that utilizes self-limiting surface reactions for digital thin film thickness control – is an industrially relevant route to grow dielectric films and nanostructures for electronic applications. However, the chemical inertness and hydrophobicity of graphene typically cause direct ALD processes to yield films of poor quality (defected, non-uniform, and poorly adhered), thereby limiting the ultimate device performance. The key to successful integration of graphene and ALD film growth resides, therefore, in the ability to tailor the graphene surface in such a way that it is amenable to ALD chemistries, but in a manner that does not perturb the properties of the graphene itself. Here, we utilize non-covalently functionalized monolayers to seed uniform film growth by ALD as well as to facilitate directed growth of dielectric nanostructures, such as nanowire arrays. We specifically highlight the use of synchrotron characterization, including X-ray surface scattering and grazing-incidence small-angle scattering, to assess the influence that the functional layers have on thin film, interfacial, and nanoscale structure.
Dark-field computed tomography reaches the human scale (2022)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly used three-dimensional medical imaging modalities today. It has been refined over several decades, with the most recent innovations including dual-energy and spectral photon-counting technologies. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that wave-optical contrast mechanisms-beyond the presently used X-ray attenuation-offer the potential of complementary information, particularly on otherwise unresolved tissue microstructure. One such approach is dark-field imaging, which has recently been introduced and already demonstrated significantly improved radiological benefit in small-animal models, especially for lung diseases. Until now, however, dark-field CT could not yet be translated to the human scale and has been restricted to benchtop and small-animal systems, with scan durations of several minutes or more. This is mainly because the adaption and upscaling to the mechanical complexity, speed, and size of a human CT scanner so far remained an unsolved challenge. Here, we now report the successful integration of a Talbot-Lau interferometer into a clinical CT gantry and present dark-field CT results of a human-sized anthropomorphic body phantom, reconstructed from a single rotation scan performed in 1 s. Moreover, we present our key hardware and software solutions to the previously unsolved roadblocks, which so far have kept dark-field CT from being translated from the optical bench into a rapidly rotating CT gantry, with all its associated challenges like vibrations, continuous rotation, and large field of view. This development enables clinical dark-field CT studies with human patients in the near future.
Surgical cover for angioplasty (1994)

roundup Surgical cover for angioplastyThe need for on-site surgical cover for coronary angioplasty provokes discussion throughout the world and we thought that it would be valuable to obtain an international perspective on this subject.We approached five cardiologists in different countries, each performing a large number of coronary angioplasties.We asked them for some basic statistics, both national and institutional, on coronary angioplasty in 1992 so that readers can see the working circumstances on which these opinions are based.When PTCA was first introduced it was appropriate to take precautions and provide surgical stand-by with what was then the standard form of interventional treatment.Is this approach still valuable or even relevant?With the advent of stents and perfusion balloons can't interventionists bail themselves out?We asked our commentators to consider the following issues: * Is PTCA without on-site cardiac surgery acceptable?If not, why not?If you believe it is, what issues do you discuss with the patients before the procedure and what morbidity and mortality do you regard as acceptable?* Has PTCA without surgical cover become more accept- able since the advent of stents and perfusion catheters?* What is the risk of dissection of the left main vessel during coronary intervention?Can it be dealt with by non-surgical means?* Does your country have national guidelines on on-site
Use of diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST) in the preparation of synthons of carbocyclic nucleosides (1988)

Diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST) converted the protected amino triol (4) into the fluorine-containing compounds (8) and (10). The same reagent converted the alcohol (9) into compounds (10), (5), and (11) and transformed the azido alcohol (15) into the fluoroazides (16) and (19). The fluorinated compounds (5), (8), and (16) are useful synthons for fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides. The effect of neighbouring groups on the course of some DAST reactions is discussed.
Transgenic marine algae for aquaculture: a coupled solution for protein sufficiency (2013)

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Direct Comparison of Antibody Responses to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Mongolia (2021)

Abstract Different vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are approved in various countries, but few direct comparisons of the antibody responses they stimulate have been reported. We collected plasma specimens in July 2021 from 196 Mongolian participants fully vaccinated with one of four Covid vaccines: Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sputnik V and Sinopharm. Functional antibody testing with a panel of nine SARS-CoV-2 viral variant RBD proteins reveal marked differences in the vaccine responses, with low antibody levels and RBD-ACE2 blocking activity stimulated by the Sinopharm and Sputnik V vaccines in comparison to the AstraZeneca or Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines. The Alpha variant caused 97% of infections in Mongolia in June and early July 2021. Individuals who recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination achieve high antibody titers in most cases. These data suggest that public health interventions such as vaccine boosting, potentially with more potent vaccine types, may be needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia and worldwide.