gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Characteristics of Porous Electrode Consisting of Spherical LiMn2O4 Particles (2009)

We obtained mono-dispersed spherical LiMn2O4 particles via spherical MnCO3 intermediate material by coprecipitation method that was one of soft chemical techniques. We fabricated a sintered type porous electrode that consisted only of active material. The electrochemical characteristics of prepared sintered electrode were compared with general composite electrode including conducting material and binding material. The discharge capacity and average discharge voltage of the sintered electrode were relatively higher than those of the composite electrode. It is suggested that an internal resistance of the sintered electrode is lower. Here, we propose that the simplification using the sintered electrode is useful for understanding behavior of rechargeable lithium ion batteries by means of mathematical simulation.
Inter-borehole electrical resistivity imaging of englacial drainage (1998)

Abstract Borehole-based electrical resistivity surveys have the capacity to enhance our understanding of the structure of englacial drainage pathways in temperate ice. We summarize inter-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as currently used in hydrogeological investigations and as adapted for imaging englacial drainage. ERT connections were successfully made for the first time in glacier ice, following artificial mineralization of borehole waters at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. Here, two types of electrical connection were made between boreholes spaced up to 10 m apart and drilled to depths of between 20 and 60 m. Most tests indicated the presence of resistively homogeneous ice with uniform bulk resistivities of ~10 8 - 10 9 Ω m. However, ERT was also successfully used to identify and characterize a hydraulically conductive englacial fracture that intersected two boreholes at a depth of ~ 13 m below the glacier surface. The presence of this connecting void was suggested by drilling records and verified by dual borehole-impulse testing. The reconstructed tomogram for these boreholes is characterized by a background ice-resistivity field of ~10 9 Ω m that is disrupted at a depth of ~13 m by a sharp, sub-horizontal low-resistivity zone (~10 4 Ω m). Inter-borehole ERT, therefore, has the capacity to image both uniform and fractured temperate glacier ice.
Tetracycline Derivatives Inhibit Plasmodial Cysteine Protease Falcipain-2 through Binding to a Distal Allosteric Site (2021)

Allosteric inhibitors regulate enzyme activity from remote and usually specific pockets. As they promise an avenue for less toxic and safer drugs, the identification and characterization of allosteric inhibitors has gained great academic and biomedical interest in recent years. Research on falcipain-2 (FP-2), the major papain-like cysteine hemoglobinase of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, might benefit from this strategy to overcome the low selectivity against human cathepsins shown by active site-directed inhibitors. Encouraged by our previous finding that methacycline inhibits FP-2 noncompetitively, here we assessed other five tetracycline derivatives against this target and characterized their inhibition mechanism. As previously shown for methacycline, tetracycline derivatives inhibited FP-2 in a noncompetitive fashion, with <i>K</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> values ranging from 121 to 190 μM. A possible binding to the S' side of the FP-2 active site, similar to that described by X-ray crystallography (PDB: 6SSZ) for the noncompetitive inhibitor <i>E-</i>chalcone 48 (EC48), was experimentally discarded by kinetic analysis using a large peptidyl substrate spanning the whole active site. By combining lengthy molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that allowed methacycline to diffuse from solution to different FP-2 surface regions and free energy calculations, we predicted the most likely binding mode of the ligand. Of note, the proposed binding pose explains the low differences in <i>K</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> values observed for the tested tetracycline derivatives and the calculated binding free energies match the experimental values. Overall, this study has implications for the design of novel allosteric inhibitors against FP-2 and sets the basis for further optimization of the tetracycline scaffold to produce more potent and selective inhibitors.
Planning in Dynamic Environments with Conditional Autoregressive Models (2018)

We demonstrate the use of conditional autoregressive generative models (van den Oord et al., 2016a) over a discrete latent space (van den Oord et al., 2017b) for forward planning with MCTS. In order to test this method, we introduce a new environment featuring varying difficulty levels, along with moving goals and obstacles. The combination of high-quality frame generation and classical planning approaches nearly matches true environment performance for our task, demonstrating the usefulness of this method for model-based planning in dynamic environments.
Improving Cardiovascular Health (2013)

The past 30 years have seen major shifts in cardiovascular science and medicine. In the United States, mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has declined by more than 60% as a result of new therapeutic approaches, including the introduction of statins, better anticoagulants, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, devices such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and�perhaps foremost�the application of evidence-based scientific guidelines.
Floral Stimulation and Behavior of Insect Pollinators Affected by Pyraclostrobin on Arabica Coffee (2017)

Coffee is the most valuable traded commodity after oil. On coffee, bees act to support a pollination that is shown by the number of harvested berries. This research aimed to evaluate the use of pyraclostrobin on flowering stage and insect pollinators on Arabica Coffee. Experiment was conducted in Kalisat Coffee Farm, Jampit, Bondowoso, ca. 1600 meters after sea level from October 2013 to April 2014. Randomized Block Design was adopted in this experiment. Three doses of pyraclostrobin and control were used as treatments such as 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cc L-1 of pyraclostrobin, and repeated three times. Percentage of fallen flower, fruiting stage, fruit production, frequency of bee`s visitation, and bee`s behavior was observed as variables in this experiment. Results showed that 1) percentage of fallen flowers was reduced by applying pyraclostrobin at 1.5 and 2.0 cc L-1 up to 50 % compared to control, 2) flowering rate was faster than control at 1.5 and 2.0 cc L-1 of pyraclostrobin, 3) application of 1.5 – 2.0 cc L-1 of pyraclostrobin increased the number of young fruits and pinheads, and 4) pollinators preferred to visit flowers of coffee trees which sprayed by pyraclostrobin than control treatment especially Apis mellifera.
Azure accelerated networking: SmartNICs in the public cloud (2018)

Modern cloud architectures rely on each server running its own networking stack to implement policies such as tunneling for virtual networks, security, and load balancing. However, these networking stacks are becoming increasingly complex as features are added and as network speeds increase. Running these stacks on CPU cores takes away processing power from VMs, increasing the cost of running cloud services, and adding latency and variability to network performance.

We present Azure Accelerated Networking (AccelNet), our solution for offloading host networking to hardware, using custom Azure SmartNICs based on FPGAs. We define the goals of AccelNet, including programmability comparable to software, and performance and efficiency comparable to hardware. We show that FPGAs are the best current platform for offloading our networking stack as ASICs do not provide sufficient programmability, and embedded CPU cores do not provide scalable performance, especially on single network flows.

Azure SmartNICs implementing AccelNet have been deployed on all new Azure servers since late 2015 in a fleet of >1M hosts. The AccelNet service has been available for Azure customers since 2016, providing consistent <15µs VM-VM TCP latencies and 32Gbps throughput, which we believe represents the fastest network available to customers in the public cloud. We present the design of AccelNet, including our hardware/software codesign model, performance results on key workloads, and experiences and lessons learned from developing and deploying AccelNet on FPGA-based Azure SmartNICs.
Determination of A Simulator's Capability Using Work Volume Techniques (1990)

A representaion of a simulator's capability is developed in linear acceleration space, angular accereration space, and rotational velocity space. This provides a new method to calculate workspace for robotic systems. A grid sweep method using a Cray computer was required to map out the three volumes obtained.
Effect of Ethanol on the Interaction between Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (2004)

The effect of ethanol on the interaction between the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the nonionic polymer poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) has been investigated using a range of techniques including surface tension, fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and viscosity. Surface tension and fluorescence studies show that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant decreases to a minimum value around 15 wt % ethanol; that is, it follows the cosurfactant effect. However, in the presence of PVP, the onset of the interaction, denoted cmc(1), between the surfactant and the polymer is considerably less dependent on ethanol concentration. The saturation point, cmc(2), however, reflects the behavior of the cmc in that it decreases upon addition of ethanol. This results in a decrease in the amount of surfactant bound to the polymer [C(bound) = cmc(2) - cmc] at saturation. The viscosity of simple PVP solutions depends on ethanol concentration, but since SANS studies show that ethanol has no effect on the polymer conformation, the changes observed in the viscosity reflect the viscosity of the background solvent. There are significant increases in bulk viscosity when the surfactant is added, and these have been correlated with the polymer conformation extracted from an analysis of the SANS data and with the amount of polymer adsorbed at the micelle surface. Competition between ethanol and PVP to occupy the surfactant headgroup region exists; at low ethanol concentration, the PVP displaces the ethanol and the PVP/SDS complex resembles that formed in the absence of the ethanol. At higher ethanol contents, the polymer does not bind to the ethanol-rich micelle surface.
<title>Adaptive control model of an active automobile suspension system</title> (1993)

The suspension system of a passenger car provides isolation between the occupants in the car and the road surface. The three goals of the suspension system are to provide ride isolation from vibration, limit suspension travel, and maintain road holding characteristics. Each of these three goals conflicts with the others. Thus, the controller must be designed to attain each goal to some extent. This paper proposes the use of a linear quadratic regulator and a fuzzy controller to maintain the ride isolation of a loosely sprung, lightly damped passive suspension while improving the handling characteristics of the vehicle. The suspension performance as pertains to ride isolation can be studied using a simple quarter car model of a suspension system. However, the handling characteristics and the coupling between each quarter of the suspension system must be studied using a full car model. Thus, this paper uses both a quarter car and a full car model to study the performance of suspension systems. The performance of the suspension systems is evaluated by running simulations of the systems subjected to both discrete and random road inputs. This paper shows that an active suspension using a linear full state feedback controller performs better than a passively suspended vehicle. The optimally controlled active suspension system is also compared to a fuzzy controlled active suspension system and the results are discussed.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: non‐invasive assessment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease – the role of transient elastography and plasma cytokeratin‐18 fragments (2013)

Current non-invasive tests are accurate in excluding advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients, and may be used for initial assessment. Further development and evaluation of NASH biomarkers are needed.
Repeat subcutaneous administration of casirivimab and imdevimab in adults is well-tolerated and prevents the occurrence of COVID-19 (2022)

Repeat monthly administration of 1200 mg SC CAS+IMD was well-tolerated, demonstrated low immunogenicity, and showed a substantial risk reduction in COVID-19 occurrence.
Efficient solar energy harvester for wireless sensor nodes (2010)

An efficient solar energy harvester for low power wireless sensor node is proposed in this paper. In the proposed harvester, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved by using constant voltage tracking principle. The implementation of the MPPT control circuit is carried out using analog discrete components. This is to minimize the energy consumption in the electronic circuits. Experimental test results obtained from a Polycrystalline solar panel of 45 mm × 76 mm in the laboratory environment shows an average power harvesting of 400 mW under 1 sun solar insolation. The proposed harvester is used to power a battery which subsequently feeds a sensor node. The harvester system provides an overall efficiency of around 93%. The efficiency calculation takes care of power losses in the power management circuit. The solar energy harvester is also tested with a crossbow wireless sensor node (WSN) to monitor temperature in the actual outdoor field environment. The harvester is able to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor node to almost indefinite period whereas the battery powered WSN becomes inactive after 150 hours of operation.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Cyclic Lanthionine Enkephalin Analogues:  δ-Opioid Receptor Selective Ligands (2002)

The synthesis and biological test results of a series of enkephalin analogues incorporating the lanthionine modification are presented. The syntheses of four monosulfide-bridged analogues of enkephalins, Tyr-c[D-Ala(L)-Gly-Phe-D-Ala(L)]-OH (1a), Tyr-c[D-Val(L)-Gly-Phe-D-Ala(L)]-OH (1b), Tyr-c[D-Ala(L)-Gly-Phe-Ala(L)]-OH (1c), and Tyr-c[D-Val(L)-Gly-Phe-Ala(L)]-OH (1d), where Ala(L) and Val(L) denote the lanthionine amino acid ends linked by a monosulfide bridge to form the lanthionine structure, were successfully carried out via preparation of the linear peptide on solid support and cyclization in solution. In vitro binding assays against mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors and in vitro tests using GPI and MVD assays revealed that the dimethyl lanthionine analogues 1b and 1d, denoted as D-Val(L) in position 2, show substantial selectivity toward the delta-opioid receptor, while the unsubstituted analogues 1a and 1c, denoted as D-Ala(L) in position 2, bind to both mu- and delta-opioid receptors. The in vivo thermal escape assay by intrathecal administration showed that the analogues 1b and 1d are among the most potent ligands at producing antinociception through the delta-opioid receptor. The picomolar potencies of analogues 1a and 1c in the intrathecal (it.) assay strongly indicate that mu- and delta-opioid receptors interact synergistically to modulate the antinociceptive responses.
Recovering shape in the presence of interreflections (2002)

An algorithm for recovering the shape and reflectance of Lambertian surfaces in the presence of interreflections is presented. The surfaces may be of arbitrary but continuous shape, and with possibly varying and unknown reflectance. The actual shape and reflectance are recovered from the pseudoshape and pseudoreflectance estimated by a local shape-from-intensity method (e.g., photometric stereo). Thus, the algorithm enhances the performance and the utility of existing shape-from-intensity methods. From the results reported, two observations can be made that are pertinent to machine vision: interreflections can cause vision algorithms to produce unacceptably erroneous results and hence should not be ignored; and at least some interreflection problems are tractable and solvable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Existence of Superstructures Due to Large Amounts of Fe Vacancies in the LiFePO4-Type Framework (2010)

LiFePO4 has been under intense scrutiny over the past decade because it stands as an attractive positive electrode material for the next generation of Li-ion batteries to power electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, hence the importance of its thermal behavior. The reactivity of LiFePO4 with air at moderate temperatures is shown to be dependent on its particle size. For nanosized materials, a progressive displacement of Fe from the core structure leading to a composite made of nanosize Fe2O3 and highly defective, oxidized LixFeyPO4 compositions, among which the “ideal” formula LiFe2/3PO4. Herein we report, from both temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction and electronic diffraction microscopy, that these off-stoichiometry olivine-type compounds show a defect ordering resulting in the formation of a superstructure. Such a finding shows striking similarities with the temperature-driven oxidation of fayalite Fe2SiO4 (another olivine) to structurally defective laihunite, reported in the literature three decades ago.
Selective Protection of the Primary Amine Functions of Linear Tetraamines Using the Trityl Group (1998)

Abstract Treatment of linear tetraamines 3,6-diaza-1,8-octanediamine (1); 4,7-diaza-1,10-decanediamine (2); and 4,9-diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine (spermine) (3) with equimolar amounts of trityl chloride allowed preparation of the α,ω-bistrityl-protected tetraamines 4, 6 and 8 in good to excellent yields. A 2:1 ratio of trityl chloride to tetraamine gave a tritrityl-substituted by-product. An internal N,N'-ditrityl-substituted tetraamine, 5,8-ditrityl-1,5,8,12-tetraazadodecane (10), was also prepared as a further proof of the structures of the α,ω-ditrityl-substituted tetraamines.
Selective modification of a native protein in a patient tissue homogenate using palladium nanoparticles (2019)

International audience
Properties of Flame Synthesized Germanium Oxide Nanoparticles (2005)

Germanium oxide (GeOx) nanoparticles in the size range from 1.5 to 10 nm were synthesized in a low-pressure premixed H2/O2/Ar flame in the pressure range 25-55 mbar. The flame was doped with different amounts of tetramethylgermanium (Ge(CH3)4) ranging from 500 to 2000 ppm. The influence of process parameters such as pressure, flame coordinate, and cold gas flow velocity with respect to growth of germanium oxide particles were investigated. The formed particles were analyzed in-situ according to their mass and charge by means of a particle mass spectrometer (PMS). The specific surface area was determined ex-situ by the BET method. The crystal structure and chemical composition of the produced nanopowder was characterized by EDX and XRD measurements. Additionally, the particles were analyzed by means of FT-IR spectroscopy.
Sub-micron all-optical memory and large scale integration in photonic crystals (2006)

We demonstrate ultra-high speed, low-power and digital all-optical memory action in photonic nanostructures. We show how large-scale on-chip integration of all-optical devices can be achieved without any optical isolators, even in the presence of reflections
Sodium cyanoborohydride in hexamethylphosphoramide. An exceptionally selective reagent system for the reduction of alkyl iodides, bromides, and tosylates (1971)

R. O. Hutchins, B. E. Maryanoff and C. A. Milewski, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 1097 DOI: 10.1039/C29710001097
Selective and Sensitive Nitrite Sensor Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified by Silver Nanochains (2016)

Abstract Herein, we report a facile method for the synthesis of silver nanochains (Ag nanochains) using pyridine as growth directing agent and citrate ions as capping agents in alkaline medium. The characterization of the synthesized high aspect ratio Ag nanochains was accomplished with the help of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) which demonstrates the thickness below 100 nm. Crystalline nature of the synthesized Ag nanochains was investigated using X‐ray diffractrometry. A sensitive electrochemical nitrite sensor was assembled using synthesized Ag nanochains as electrode modifier. An improved cyclic voltammetric response for the oxidation of nitrite ions was witnessed at the modified GCE surface in comparison to bare GCE in Britton Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 4). The influence of pH on the oxidation peak current of nitrite ions was also examined using cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic oxidation currents attained through amperometric measurements at Ag nanochains modified GCE were linearly dependent on the concentration of nitrite ions in the two ranges of 0.5–7.5 µM, 5–480 µM. Linear calibration plots of Ip vs. concentration of nitrite were also constructed at the proposed sensor using square wave voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed sensing strategy was successfully employed for the determination of nitrite in water samples with excellent recoveries.
RRH selection and UE transmission time adjustment for LTE-advanced uplink MU-MIMO in Distributed Antenna System environment (2014)

In this paper, after we investigate the influence of the arriving time difference on LTE-Advanced uplink MU-MIMO in Distributed Antenna System (DAS) environment, we suggest RRH selection and transmission time adjustment method for obtaining the receiving performance gain. DAS which is one of CoMP technologies has known as the most efficient technology for improving spectral efficiency and cell-edge user throughput. However, when uplink MU-MIMO is carried out in the DAS environment, the arriving time difference is inevitable owing to geographical distribution of RRHs location. The arriving time difference of the multiple UEs has decisive effect on system performance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose RRH selection and UE transmission time adjustment method for minimizing the arriving time difference. Through link-level simulation, we show the impact of the arriving time difference on LTE-Advanced uplink MU-MIMO in DAS environment and compare the performance of the suggested method with that of the conventional method.
Application of Ion Chromatography to the Investigation of Real-World Samples (2004)

An experiment using ion chromatography in an undergraduate analytical chemistry laboratory is described. The students, working in small groups, are responsible for identifying a real-world system of interest and for developing a strategy to investigate that system. The students gain specific skills and knowledge about chromatography as well as more general analytical skills including sample preparation, system calibration, determination of detection limits, and data analysis. Two specific examples of experiments done by students in the class are presented: the determination of lead in hair dye and the determination of anions in orange juice.
Estimating parameters of probabilistic neuron models (2014)

It is helpful to break neural data analysis into two basic problems. The “encoding” problem concerns how information is encoded in neural spike trains: can we predict the spike trains of a neuron (or population of neurons), given an arbitrary synaptic input, current injection, or sensory stimulus? Conversely, the “decoding” problem concerns how much we can learn from the observation of a sequence of spikes: in particular, how well can we estimate the stimulus that gave rise to the spike train?