gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
7a Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Inhibits Cellular Protein Synthesis and Activates p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (2005)

It was recently shown that the 7a protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus induces biochemical changes associated with apoptosis. In this study, the mechanism by which the 7a protein induces apoptosis was examined. The 7a protein was tested for the ability to inhibit cellular gene expression because several proapoptotic viral proteins with this function have previously been identified. 7a protein inhibited expression of luciferase from an mRNA construct that specifically measures translation, whereas inhibitors of transcription and nucleocytoplasmic transport did not. The inhibition of translation and other cellular processes of gene expression have been associated with the induction of a stress response in cells. Western blot analysis using phosphospecific antibodies indicated that 7a protein activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase/stress-activated protein kinase. Taken together, these data indicate that the induction of apoptosis by the 7a protein may be related to its ability to inhibit cellular translation and activate p38 MAPK.
Effects of Non-Ideal Channel Feedback on Dual-Stream MIMO-OFDMA System Performance (2007)

In this paper we analyze the downlink OFDMA system-level performances of a 2times2 dual-stream MIMO multiuser transmission scheme under the assumptions of partial and noisy channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback available from the terminals. The effects on the CQI feedback of the terminal measurement and estimation errors, quantization errors, uplink reporting format and delays are included. Two reduced CQI reporting schemes are evaluated in macro and microcell scenarios when operating in combination with a MIMO outer loop link adaptation (OLLA) and a MIMO aware frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) algorithm. We show that, by using OLLA and with a proper choice of the CQI reporting scheme for dual-stream MIMO, the required CQI feedback overhead can be reduced by 90% while limiting the cell throughput losses to less than 10%.
Middle Class Neighbourhood Attachment in Paris and Milan: Partial Exit and Profound Rootedness (2008)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Exploiting the Design Freedom of RM (2006)

This paper details how Rapid Manufacturing (RM) can overcome the restrictions imposed by the inherent process limitations of conventional manufacturing techniques and become the enabling technology in fabricating optimal products. A new design methodology capable of exploiting RM’s increased design freedom is therefore needed. Inspired by natural world structures of trees and bones, a multi-objective, genetic algorithm based topology optimisation approach is presented. This combines multiple unit cell structures and varying volume fractions to create a heterogeneous part structure which exhibits a uniform stress distribution.
Improved Pulse Wave Velocity Estimation Using an Arterial Tube-Load Model (2014)

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the most important index of arterial stiffness. It is conventionally estimated by noninvasively measuring central and peripheral blood pressure (BP) and/or velocity (BV) waveforms and then detecting the foot-to-foot time delay between the waveforms wherein wave reflection is presumed absent. We developed techniques for improved estimation of PWV from the same waveforms. The techniques effectively estimate PWV from the entire waveforms, rather than just their feet, by mathematically eliminating the reflected wave via an arterial tube-load model. In this way, the techniques may be more robust to artifact while revealing the true PWV in absence of wave reflection. We applied the techniques to estimate aortic PWV from simultaneously and sequentially measured central and peripheral BP waveforms and simultaneously measured central BV and peripheral BP waveforms from 17 anesthetized animals during diverse interventions that perturbed BP widely. Since BP is the major acute determinant of aortic PWV, especially under anesthesia wherein vasomotor tone changes are minimal, we evaluated the techniques in terms of the ability of their PWV estimates to track the acute BP changes in each subject. Overall, the PWV estimates of the techniques tracked the BP changes better than those of the conventional technique (e.g., diastolic BP root-mean-squared errors of 3.4 versus 5.2 mmHg for the simultaneous BP waveforms and 7.0 versus 12.2 mmHg for the BV and BP waveforms (p <; 0.02)). With further testing, the arterial tube-load model-based PWV estimation techniques may afford more accurate arterial stiffness monitoring in hypertensive and other patients.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Polyether Natural Products via Polyepoxide Opening (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthetic Considerations: Baldwin's Rules Polycyclic Polyethers: Structure and Biosynthesis Epoxide-Opening Cascades in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Polyethers Summary and Outlook References
Purine and 1-deazapurine ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides: synthesis and biological activity (1991)

A series of 6-(hydroxylamino)purine and -1-deazapurine nucleosides were synthesized and tested for their antitumor and adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity. All the examined molecules displayed an in vitro activity comparable to that of the reference compounds 6-(hydroxylamino)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine (HAPR) and ara-A, their ID50 ranging from 0.9 microM to approximately 100 microM. The 6-hydroxylamino derivatives of 1-deazapurine 9, 12, and 17 and also the blocked compound 13 are inhibitors of ADA whereas the purine derivatives 4 and 6 and the nitro compounds 11 and 16 are resistant to the enzyme. 7-(Hydroxylamino)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3H-imi dazo[4,5- b]pyridine, the less cytotoxic but the most active ADA inhibitor in the series (Ki = 2.7 x 10(-7)), greatly potentiates the antitumor activity of ara-A in vitro.
Design of Compliant MEMS Grippers for Micro-Assembly Tasks (2006)

Due to their monolithic construction and superior wear and loss properties, flexure joints have been used to reduce the mechanism size and increase the positioning accuracy. The compliance of flexure joints, however, can affect the static and dynamic characteristics of the overall mechanism. To design mechanisms containing flexure joints, we have proposed a multi-objective optimization approach to take into account the multitude of performance metrics and design constraints. A Pareto frontier is first computed, and secondary design criteria, such as sensitivity and dynamic characteristics, are then applied to select the final design. To reduce the computation load and facilitate design iteration, a lumped spring approximation, the Paros-Weisbord model, is used to characterize the flexure joints and the pseudo-rigid-body model is used as an approximate description of mechanisms. This paper presents this approach applied to the design of a micro-gripper. The performance metrics are chosen to be the manipulability of the gripper opening and the decoupling of a stiffness matrix (reflecting the remote center of compliance criterion). Different design and initial fabrication results are included
Polymerization of ethylene by (α‐Diimine) nickel catalyst and statistical analysis of the effects of reaction conditions (2010)

Abstract This article regards the ethylene polymerization catalyzed by a nickel catalyst and activated by ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC). The effects of the reaction conditions [polymerization temperature, cocatalyst (EASC) concentration, and ethylene concentration] on the average molecular weights of the final polymers and reaction yields were evaluated with the help of empirical statistical models. It is shown that reaction temperature and cocatalyst (EASC) concentration exert the most important effects on average molecular weights and catalyst activity. The polydispersities of the obtained polyethylenes are larger than the polydispersities of polyethylenes obtained with typical Brookhart catalysts. The analysis of polymer branching frequencies shows new types of short branching and significant amounts of long branches, which may explain the relatively large polydispersities of the obtained polymer samples. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1797–1808, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
First- and second-order polarization mode dispersion generated by a two-stage emulator (2004)

A two-stage polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator design consisting of two variable delay lines separated by a rotatable half-wave linear retarder is analyzed and shown to generate an adjustable amount of first- and second-order PMD without any higher orders. This two-stage PMD emulator configuration provides a simple easy-to-breadboard solution for second-order PMD emulators. When compared with PMD emulators based on birefringent crystals, this two-stage emulator is simpler to calibrate.
Solventless ordering of colloidal particles through application of patterned elastomeric stamps under pressure (2004)

We report on an ordering phenomenon of polystyrene beads that occurs when pressure is applied to the colloidal particles between a solid substrate and a patterned elastomeric stamp while maintaining the temperature above the particle’s glass transition temperature. The filling time is calculated using a simple two-dimensional squeeze flow theory, which successfully explains the effects of pressure, temperature, size of beads, and stamp geometries on the ordering time.
An Automated Microfluidic Assay for Photonic Crystal Enhanced Detection and Analysis of an Antiviral Antibody Cancer Biomarker in Serum (2017)

We report on the implementation of an automated platform for detecting the presence of an antibody biomarker for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer from a single droplet of serum, in which a nanostructured photonic crystal surface is used to amplify the output of a fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay. The platform is comprised of a microfluidic cartridge with integrated photonic crystal chips that interfaces with an assay instrument that automates the introduction of reagents, wash steps, and surface drying. Upon assay completion, the cartridge interfaces with a custom laser-scanning instrument that couples light into the photonic crystal at the optimal resonance condition for fluorescence enhancement. The instrument is used to measure the fluorescence intensity values of microarray spots corresponding to the biomarkers of interest, in addition to several experimental controls that verify correct functioning of the assay protocol. In this work, we report both dose-response characterization of the system using anti-E7 antibody introduced at known concentrations into serum and characterization of a set of clinical samples from which results were compared with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed in microplate format. The demonstrated capability represents a simple, rapid, automated, and high-sensitivity method for multiplexed detection of protein biomarkers from a low-volume test sample.
Pressure Effects on Superconducting and Structural Properties for Nickel-Based Superconductors LaNiXO (X = P and As) (2008)

We have performed electrical resistivity and powder X-ray diffraction measurements under high pressures for nickel-based superconducors LaNiXO (X = P and As). Superconducting transition temperatures T c of X = P and As increase to 3.78 K at 1.67 GPa and 3.14 K at 0.75 GPa, respectively. A compressibility of the lattice parameter c of LaNiPO is 1.5 times larger than that of the lattice parameter a , resulting in a linear decrease of an axial ratio c / a .
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation as a Valuable Synthetic Tool for the Preparation of Chiral Drugs (2013)

Abstract Review: 157 refs.
Experts (2023)

Abstract The defense begins by calling as witnesses five prominent physicians from New England. Their purpose is to criticize the testimony of the women who had laid out the body and question the procedures and conclusions of Fall River physicians, Drs. Hooper and Wilbur. The defense’s experts seek to prove that the age of the fetus found in Cornell’s body, based on its size, demonstrates that Avery could not be the father. Avery’s trial corresponds with an historical moment in which male physicians’ professional authority and notions of medical expertise in America are contested. The medical witnesses for the defense may have succeeded in confusing jurors and raising doubts about the certainty of a murder, but they fail to prove the superiority of medical school-trained physicians as scientific experts in a court of law or in the court of public opinion.
Volumetric SLSC imaging of vasculature on a clinical matrix array (2013)

We extended the concept of Short-lag Spatial Coherence imaging to matrix arrays and used it to improve the quality of vessel images. Specifically, we collected signals from the individual channels of a clinical matrix array while imaging a flow phantom and the human livers in vivo. We used this data to reconstruct matched B-mode and SLSC volumes. 2-D and 3-D images created from the SLSC volumes showed suppressed clutter and better visibility of vessels compared to their B-mode counterparts. Vessel contrast and CNR were computed for the volumes using concurrently acquired Doppler data as a gold standard for vessel visualization.
Low beam-divergence high power slab laser with off-axis negative branch unstable-stable resonator (1990)

The rectangular cross section of the medium in a stab geometry laser is a cause of serious beam divergence particularly in the slab width direction, when the laser is coupled with a stable resonator.
The potential for treg-enhancing therapies in nervous system pathologies (2022)

While inflammation may not be the cause of disease, it is well known that it contributes to disease pathogenesis across a multitude of peripheral and central nervous system disorders. Chronic and overactive inflammation due to an effector T-cell-mediated aberrant immune response ultimately leads to tissue damage and neuronal cell death. To counteract peripheral and neuroinflammatory responses, research is being focused on regulatory T cell enhancement as a therapeutic target. Regulatory T cells are an immunosuppressive subpopulation of CD4+ T helper cells essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. The cells play pivotal roles in suppressing immune responses to maintain immune tolerance. In so doing, they control T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production curtailing autoimmunity and inflammation. For nervous system pathologies, Treg are known to affect the onset and tempo of neural injuries. To this end, we review recent findings supporting Treg's role in disease, as well as serving as a therapeutic agent in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An ever-broader role for Treg in the control of neurologic disease has been shown for traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurotrophic pain, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. To such ends, this review serves to examine the role played by Tregs in nervous system diseases with a focus on harnessing their functional therapeutic role(s).
Deactivation of TBP contributes to SCA17 pathogenesis (2014)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by the expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) within the TATA box-binding protein (TBP). Previous studies have shown that polyQ-expanded TBP forms neurotoxic aggregates and alters downstream genes. However, how expanded polyQ tracts affect the function of TBP and the link between dysfunctional TBP and SCA17 is not clearly understood. In this study, we generated novel Drosophila models for SCA17 that recapitulate pathological features such as aggregate formation, mobility defects and premature death. In addition to forming neurotoxic aggregates, we determined that polyQ-expanded TBP reduces its own intrinsic DNA-binding and transcription abilities. Dysfunctional TBP also disrupts normal TBP function. Furthermore, heterozygous dTbp amorph mutant flies exhibited SCA17-like phenotypes and flies expressing polyQ-expanded TBP exhibited enhanced retinal degeneration, suggesting that loss of TBP function may contribute to SCA17 pathogenesis. We further determined that the downregulation of TBP activity enhances retinal degeneration in SCA3 and Huntington's disease fly models, indicating that the deactivation of TBP is likely to play a common role in polyQ-induced neurodegeneration.
Materials Chemistry of Cu/ZnO-based Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis and Steam Reforming (2013)

7 Foreword 11 List of Publications Presented in this Thesis 17 Introduction 19 Methanol Chemistry 19 Methanol Steam Reforming 51 Synthesis 95 The “Chemical Memory” of the industrially applied catalyst synthesis 95 Minerals as model compounds for Cu/ZnO catalyst precursors: Structural and thermal properties and IR spectra of mineral and synthetic (zincian) malachite, rosasite and aurichalcite and a catalyst precursor mixture 97 Mesoand Nanostructuring of Industrial Cu/ZnO Catalysts 111 Structural Effects of Cu/Zn Substitution in the Malachite–Rosasite System 119 Understanding the complexity of a catalyst synthesis: Co-Precipitation of mixed Cu,Zn,Al hydroxycarbonate precursors for Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts investigated by titration experiments 131 In-situ EDXRD Study of the Chemistry of Aging of Co-precipitated Mixed Cu,Zn Hydroxycarbonates – Consequences for the Preparation of Cu/ZnO Catalysts 143 Alternative Synthesis Approaches 155 Phase-pure Cu,Zn,Al Hydrotalcite-like Materials as Precursors for Copper rich Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts 155 Cu,Zn,Al layered double hydroxides as precursors for copper catalysts in methanol steam reforming pH-controlled synthesis by microemulsion technique 169 Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of nanostructured copper substituted ZnM2O4 (M = Al, Ga) spinels as precursors for thermally stable Cu catalysts ........ 179 Knowledge-based development of a nitrate-free synthesis route for Cu/ZnO methanol synthesis catalysts via formate precursors 193 The Active Form of Cu/ZnO Catalysts 199 Microstructure and active site of Cu/ZnO catalysts 199 The Potential of Microstructural Optimization in Metal/Oxide Catalysts: Higher Intrinsic Activity of Copper by Partial Embedding of Copper Nanoparticles 201 The Active Site of Methanol Synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Industrial Catalysts 207 In-situ observations of working Cu/ZnO catalysts using neutron diffraction 215 In situ neutron diffraction under high pressure-Providing an insight into working catalysts .... 215 In Situ Study of Catalytic Processes: Neutron Diffraction of a Methanol Synthesis Catalyst at Industrially Relevant Pressure 222
CMOS low-V<inf>T</inf> preamplifier for 0.5-V gigabit-DRAM arrays (2009)

A novel CMOS low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> preamplifier suitable for low-voltage and high-speed mid-point sensing was developed for gigabit DRAM. This preamplifier consists of a low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> NMOS cross couple, a low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> PMOS cross couple and a high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> CMOS latch. The sensing speed of the proposed preamplifier at data-line voltage of 0.5 V is 62% higher than that of a conventional preamplifier. By activating the low-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> NMOS and PMOS cross couples temporarily during write operation, writing time is 72% shorter compared to the case with the high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> CMOS latch only. Data-line charging current of a memory cell array with the proposed preamplifier is reduced by 26% by decreasing data-line voltage from 0.8 to 0.5 V.
The Patterning and Alignment of Muscle Cells Using the Selective Adhesion of Poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate)‐based ABA Block Copolymers (2005)

The selective adhesion/delamination behavior of poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate)-based ABA block copolymers is exploited to generate patterned substrates consisting of alternating lanes of glass and copolymer-coated gold. These patterns have been successfully used for the patterning and alignment of C2C12 muscle cells. The parallel-oriented myotubes (see Figure) contract upon electrical stimulation, forming a promising 2D in-vitro model for muscles.
Mechanisms of hyperexcitability in Alzheimer’s disease hiPSC-derived neurons and cerebral organoids vs isogenic controls (2019)

Human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and transgenic AD mouse models manifest hyperexcitability. This aberrant electrical activity is caused by synaptic dysfunction that represents the major pathophysiological correlate of cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism for this excessive excitability remains incompletely understood. To investigate the basis for the hyperactivity, we performed electrophysiological and immunofluorescence studies on hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neuronal cultures and cerebral organoids bearing AD-related mutations in presenilin-1 or amyloid precursor protein vs. isogenic gene corrected controls. In the AD hiPSC-derived neurons/organoids, we found increased excitatory bursting activity, which could be explained in part by a decrease in neurite length. AD hiPSC-derived neurons also displayed increased sodium current density and increased excitatory and decreased inhibitory synaptic activity. Our findings establish hiPSC-derived AD neuronal cultures and organoids as a relevant model of early AD pathophysiology and provide mechanistic insight into the observed hyperexcitability.