gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Serum Risperidone Concentrations (2005)

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic commonly used for treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Although therapeutic drug monitoring is not routine for any of the atypical antipsychotics, serum antipsychotic concentrations are measured routinely to assess treatment nonadherence. In humans, risperidone is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 to 9-hydroxyrisperidone; together these constitute the active moiety. Dose-proportional increases in serum concentrations have not been reported for the parent drug, but have been reported for 9-hydroxyrisperidone and the active moiety (i.e., the combined concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone). We describe a 34-year-old Caucasian man of Sicilian descent with a history of schizophrenia, disorganized type. He was suspected to be noncompliant with his risperidone therapy. Initially, active moiety risperidone concentrations increased linearly with prescribed dosage increases. However, with continued increases, active moiety concentrations adjusted downward and remained 17-36% below anticipated levels. We propose a method for estimating target active moiety concentrations of risperidone based on dosage-a method that may be used to guide clinicians in assessing nonadherence to risperidone treatment.
Runtime Application Behavior Prediction Using a Statistical Metric Model (2012)

Adaptive computing systems rely on accurate predictions of application behavior to understand and respond to the dynamically varying characteristics. In this study, we present a Statistical Metric Model (SMM) that is system- and metric-independent for predicting application behavior. SMM is a probability distribution over application patterns of varying length and it models how likely a specific behavior occurs. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) criterion is used to estimate the parameters of SMM. The parameters are further refined with a smoothing method to improve prediction robustness. We also propose an extension to SMM (i.e., SMM-Interp) to handle sudden short-term changes in application behavior. SMM learns the application patterns during runtime, and at the same time predicts the upcoming application phases based on what it has learned up to that point. We demonstrate several key features of SMM: (1) adaptation, (2) variable length sequence modeling, and (3) long-term memory. An extensive and rigorous series of prediction experiments show the superior performance of the SMM predictor over existing predictors on a wide range of benchmarks. For some of the benchmarks, SMM reduces the prediction error rate by 10X and 3X, compared to last value and table-based prediction approaches, respectively. SMM's improved prediction accuracy results in superior power-performance tradeoffs when it is applied to an adaptive dynamic power management scheme.
Clinical Usefulness of Total Length of Gleason Pattern 4 on Biopsy in Men with Grade Group 2 Prostate Cancer (2018)

Our findings support the inclusion of Gleason pattern 4 quantification in the pathology reports and risk prediction models of patients with Grade Group 2/Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer. The total length of Gleason pattern 4 across all cores provided the strongest benefit to predict adverse pathology features.
Quantum Adiabatic Computation with a Constant Gap Is Not Useful in One Dimension (2009)

We show that it is possible to use a classical computer to efficiently simulate the adiabatic evolution of a quantum system in one dimension with a constant spectral gap, starting the adiabatic evolution from a known initial product state. The proof relies on a recently proven area law for such systems, implying the existence of a good matrix product representation of the ground state, combined with an appropriate algorithm to update the matrix product state as the Hamiltonian is changed. This implies that adiabatic evolution with such Hamiltonians is not useful for universal quantum computation. Therefore, adiabatic algorithms which are useful for universal quantum computation either require a spectral gap tending to zero or need to be implemented in more than one dimension (we leave open the question of the computational power of adiabatic simulation with a constant gap in more than one dimension).
A phase 3 clinical trial with ISIS-TTRRx, a 2nd-generation antisense oligonucleotide targeting transthyretin (TTR), for the treatment of TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy (2015)

Background Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is a progressive and fatal systemic disorder caused by misfolded TTR monomers that cumulatively deposit in the heart, peripheral nerves and other organ systems. TTR Amyloidosis-associated cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), caused by TTR amyloid infiltration of the myocardium and conduction system, results in a restrictive cardiomyopathy associated with atrial arrhythmias, progressive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in early phases, and leads to reduced life expectancy. ISIS-TTRRx is a first-in-class, 2nd-generation antisense oligonucleotide designed to produce substantial reductions in the levels of both mutant and wild type TTR produced from the liver.
Therapieversagen der CAP – Einfluss der initialen Antibiotikabehandlung, Erkrankungsschwere und Kostenanalyse (2010)

Hintergrund: Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie (CAP) hat als häufige Inektionserkrankung einen großen ökonomischen Einfluss auf unsere Gesundheitssysteme. Meist erfolgt eine empirische antibiotische Behandlung (AB); immer mit der Gefahr eines Therapieversagens (TF). Unsere Studie untersucht, den Einfluss von initialer AB und CAP-Schwere auf TF und Behandlungskosten bei hospitalisierten CAP-Patienten. Methodik: Patienten mit CAP wurden in zwei offene, prospektive Multizenterstudien eingeschlossen und die direkten Kosten für die stationäre Behandlung ermittelt. Eine Kohorte erhielt Moxifloxacin (MXF) und die andere eine nicht standardisierten AB. TF wurde als eine Erweiterung des antibiotischen Wirkspektrum nach &gt;72h gewertet, entweder durch Hinzugabe eines weiteren Antibiotikums oder Ersatz der initialen AB. Ergebnisse: Bei 15,9% (197/1236 Patienten) trat ein TF auf und führte zu einer signifikanten Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthaltes (15,4±7,3 vs. 9,8±4,2 Tage; p&lt;0,001) und höheren Gesamtkosten (€2627,60±1659,63 vs. €1407,59±660,65; p&lt;0,001). Mit zunehmender CAP-Schwere nahm die Häufigkeit von TF zu (CRB-65=0: 11,0%; CRB-65=1: 15,7%; CRB-65 ≥2: 20,3%). Unter Laktam-Monotherapie traten mehr TF auf als unter β-Laktam-Makrolid-Kombinationsbehandlung; bei schwerer CAP (CRB-65 ≥2) signifikant (26,7% vs. 12,9%; p=0,026). 48,2% der Patienten erhielt initial MXF. Im Vergleich zu alternativen AB wiesen sie signifikant weniger TF auf (10,9% vs. 20,6%; p&lt;0,001); bei schwerer CAP (CRB-65 ≥2) nicht signifikant (18,1% vs. 21,5%; p=0,43). Schlussfolgerung: Therapieversagen führt bei CAP zu signifikant längeren Hospitalisierungen und höheren Kosten. Mit zunehmender CAP-Schwere steigt die Häufigkeit von TF. Bei schwerer CAP (CRB-65 ≥2) scheint eine β-Laktam-Monotherapie einer β-Laktam-Makrolid-Kombinationsbehandlung im Hinblick auf Therapieversagen unterlegen zu sein. Moxifloxacin scheint bei der schweren CAP eher einer β-Laktam-Makrolid-Kombination zu entsprechen.
Active control of combustion instability using fuel flow modulation (2007)

Abstract Phase‐shift control was applied to an atmospheric premix combustor test rig equipped with a swirl‐stabilized burner by modulating the pilot fuel flow. The employed closed loop control circuit incorporated condenser microphones recording the pressure oscillations inside the combustion chamber and valves controlling the fuel mass flow. The microphone signals were processed and command signals were sent to the valves. The rms of the pressure oscillations was reduced by up to 12 dB, the peak amplitude by up to 20 dB. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent Advances on MIMO Processing in the SATURN Project (2002)

We highlight some recent results on the theory and algorithms for MIMO systems, obtained at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) within the SATURN project. The paper includes a a new approximate expression for the ergodic channel capacity of a MIMO system with correlated fading, algorithms for MIMO beamforming under EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power) constraints and a low-complexity algorithm for MIMO channel estimation in OFDM systems. Also, we show how transmit and beamformers can be determined in a decentralized fashion without explicitly estimating the channel response. I.
Interferometer design for writing Bragg gratings in optical fibers (2002)

Bragg Gratings are waveguides, typically single-mode optical fibers, into which a periodic refractive index modulation has been imprinted by a patterned UV exposure. Fiber Bragg Gratings separate telecom frequency bands or compensate for optical dispersion in long-haul fiber networks, and also serve as strain sensors for civil engineering or geophysical studies and oil, gas or mining exploitation. A Bragg Grating writer is an interferometer for generating the UV exposure pattern. It is one of the unusual cases where an interferometer is a production tool, rather than a metrology instrument. In this paper, we review the most common Bragg Grating writing geometry and propose an opto-mechanical structure having minimal adjustment and very high mechanical stability.
Education Column (2013)

This issue's column includes an article by Tong Zhang and collaborators at Southeast University, Nanjing, China, and several other institutes, on a simple measurement system for Wi-Fi band antennas. There is also a contribution from Luiz Trintinalia from the Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, on a simulation tool for visualizing refl ec tion and refraction.
Periodic Loading and Selective Undercut Etching for High-Impedance Traveling-Wave Electroabsorption Modulators (2008)

For the first time, selective undercut etching and periodically loaded electrodes are combined to improve impedance and velocity matching for traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators. These devices are fabricated in a platform compatible with widely tunable lasers.
Fast and Accurate Simulation of Heat Transfer in Microarchitectures Using Frequency Domain Techniques (2007)

In this paper, a numerical method for calculating chip temperature profile, based on spatial frequency domain analysis of heat transfer, is presented. This approach takes advantage of transforming three-dimensional space domain heat transfer problems to two-dimensional problems in frequency domain. The preliminary results indicate that the present approach yields significant improvement in terms of accuracy, required memory, and computation time (e.g., by three orders of magnitude), compared to conventional space domain methods such as the finite element method. Clearly, additional rigorous and stringent tests are required to explore the pros and cons of the present approach.
Failure Recovery in Resilient X10 (2019)

Cloud computing has made the resources needed to execute large-scale in-memory distributed computations widely available. Specialized programming models, e.g., MapReduce, have emerged to offer transparent fault tolerance and fault recovery for specific computational patterns, but they sacrifice generality. In contrast, the Resilient X10 programming language adds failure containment and failure awareness to a general purpose, distributed programming language. A Resilient X10 application spans over a number of places. Its formal semantics precisely specify how it continues executing after a place failure. Thanks to failure awareness, the X10 programmer can in principle build redundancy into an application to recover from failures. In practice, however, correctness is elusive, as redundancy and recovery are often complex programming tasks. This article further develops Resilient X10 to shift the focus from failure awareness to failure recovery, from both a theoretical and a practical standpoint. We rigorously define the distinction between recoverable and catastrophic failures. We revisit the happens-before invariance principle and its implementation. We shift most of the burden of redundancy and recovery from the programmer to the runtime system and standard library. We make it easy to protect critical data from failure using resilient stores and harness elasticity—dynamic place creation—to persist not just the data but also its spatial distribution. We demonstrate the flexibility and practical usefulness of Resilient X10 by building several representative high-performance in-memory parallel application kernels and frameworks. These codes are 10× to 25× larger than previous Resilient X10 benchmarks. For each application kernel, the average runtime overhead of resiliency is less than 7%. By comparing application kernels written in the Resilient X10 and Spark programming models, we demonstrate that Resilient X10’s more general programming model can enable significantly better application performance for resilient in-memory distributed computations.
Seismic without sensors - distributed vibration sensing (2015)

Making seismic acquisition quicker and/or cheaper requires removing one or more of four major components: the source, the sensors, cables connecting the sensors, or the recording system. In this paper we describe how fibre-optic cables can be used as sensors in a distributed vibration sensing system.
A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play (2018)

The game of chess is the longest-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation functions that have been refined by human experts over several decades. By contrast, the AlphaGo Zero program recently achieved superhuman performance in the game of Go by reinforcement learning from self-play. In this paper, we generalize this approach into a single AlphaZero algorithm that can achieve superhuman performance in many challenging games. Starting from random play and given no domain knowledge except the game rules, AlphaZero convincingly defeated a world champion program in the games of chess and shogi (Japanese chess), as well as Go.
Effects of Reduction Treatment on Fracture Properties of Cerium Oxide (2007)

The reduction treatment effects on the flexural strength and the fracture toughness of ceria were evaluated at room temperature. The results reveal that the flexural strength decreases significantly after reduction under very low oxygen partial pressures; however, in contrast, fracture toughness is increased by 30%–40% when the oxygen partial pressure was decreased to 10 −20 –10 −22 atm range. The large microcracks and the surface tensile stresses developed upon reduction treatment and cooling process are responsible for the decreased strength. The enhancement in toughness is also discussed in terms of internal stresses, microcrack toughening, and crack deflection mechanisms.
55.1: Distinguished Paper : Motion Artifacts on 240Hz OLED Stereoscopic 3D Displays (2014)

Abstract We examined the visibility of motion artifacts—judder, motion blur, and edge banding—on a Samsung 240Hz stereoscopic 3D (S3D) OLED display. We determined the relative contributions of the frame rate of the content, update rate of the panel, duty cycle, and flash number. We compared the visibility of artifacts on the Samsung display with those on a 60Hz S3D LCD. Short duty cycles and low flash numbers reduce the visibility of motion artifacts.
Everything at Once – Multi-modal Fusion Transformer for Video Retrieval (2022)

Multi-modal learning from video data has seen increased attention recently as it allows training of semantically meaningful embeddings without human annotation, enabling tasks like zero-shot retrieval and action localization. In this work, we present a multi-modal, modality agnostic fusion transformer that learns to exchange information between multiple modalities, such as video, audio, and text, and integrate them into a fused representation in a joined multi-modal embedding space. We propose to train the system with a combinatorial loss on everything at once – any combination of input modalities, such as single modalities as well as pairs of modalities, explicitly leaving out any add-ons such as position or modality encoding. At test time, the resulting model can process and fuse any number of input modalities. Moreover, the implicit properties of the transformer allow to process inputs of different lengths. To evaluate the proposed approach, we train the model on the large scale HowTo100M dataset and evaluate the resulting embedding space on four challenging benchmark datasets obtaining state-of-the-art results in zero-shot video retrieval and zero-shot video action localization. Our code for this work is also available. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> https://github.com/ninatu/everything_at_once
Galacto-Oligosaccharide RP-G28 Improves Multiple Clinical Outcomes in Lactose-Intolerant Patients (2020)

Background and Aims: Lactose intolerance (LI) is a global problem affecting more than half of the world’s population. An ultra-purified, high-concentration galacto-oligosaccharide, RP-G28, is being developed as a treatment for patients with LI. The efficacy and safety of RP-G28 in reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance were assessed in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: In this multiclinical site, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 377 patients with LI were randomized to one of two doses of orally administered RP-G28 or placebo for 30 days. A LI test and symptom assessment were performed at baseline and on day 31. The primary endpoint was a ≥4-point reduction or a score of zero on LI composite score on day 31. Voluntary milk and dairy intake and global outcome measures assessed patients’ overall treatment satisfaction and quality of life before therapy and 30 days after therapy. This study received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Results: For the primary endpoint, 40% in the RP-G28 groups reported a ≥4-point reduction or no symptoms on LI symptom composite score compared to 26% with placebo (p = 0.016). Treatment with RP-G28 also led to significantly higher levels of milk and dairy intake and significant improvements in global assessments compared to placebo. RP-G28 but not placebo led to significant increases in five Bifidobacterium taxa. Conclusions: RP-G28 for 30 days significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with LI. Treatment with RP-G28 also improved milk/dairy consumption and quality of life and was safe and well tolerated.
Aging steepens the slope of power spectrum density of 30-minute continuous blood pressure recording in healthy human subjects (2021)

Aging steepened the slope of PSD of BP between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz. This phenomenon may partly be related to the deterioration of the baroreflex in older subjects. Our proposed method to evaluate very short-term continuous BP recordings may contribute to the stratification of BPV.
Competing pathways in gas-phase reactions of ambident nucleophiles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompeting pathways in gas-phase reactions of ambident nucleophilesBrian D. Wladkowski, James L. Wilbur, Meili Zhong, and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 19, 8833–8834Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00072a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00072a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Voices from the Global Marketplace: Radio Drama, Neoliberalism, and the BBC in Nigeria (2022)

This article contrasts one of the most popular BBC radio plays in contemporary Nigeria, Story, Story: Voices from the Market (2004–17), with an earlier BBC radio play, Wole Soyinka’s The Detainee (1965), to make a case for decoupling the two periods of postcolonialism and neoliberalism. In The Detainee, Soyinka is in closer conversation with Samuel Beckett, whose austere radio plays also map the postcolonial condition. This form of alliance, however—what Edward Said would call affiliation rather than filiation—is distinct from the trans-national connection imposed on Story, Story, further helping to elucidate the fundamental differences between these two periods. Story, Story, particularly in its rich, stereo sound field and verité aesthetic, offers a striking example of how neoliberal imperatives are cross-hatched with contemporary radio aesthetics. Recorded on location in a market square in Nigeria and written, produced, and voiced by a team of Nigerian broadcasters, Story, Story breaks from the BBC’s typical model in the 1960s of creating programming in London for distribution in Africa. Nonetheless, Story, Story’s autonomy is severely restricted: the program is funded by the UK Department for International Development and features plot lines that echo messages from international aid groups. Whereas other studies of development radio have been sanguine about the links between the Global North and Global South, this article attempts a more critical reading that joins the study of radio drama to the critique of neoliberalism forwarded by Wendy Brown.
Experimental modelling of drug membrane permeability by capillary electrophoresis using liposomes, micelles and microemulsions (2005)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was evaluated as an in-vitro format for experimental modelling of membrane permeability using only nanogram quantities of drug compounds. The rationale for the CE technique emanates from emulation of a lipid-like pseudo-stationary phase that governs separations mainly as a result of differences in molecular size, lipophilicity, hydrogen bonding and charge, all of which also have a strong influence on in-vivo drug absorption. By means of micellar, microemulsion and liposome electrolytes, the migration behaviour was studied at 37 degrees C for 22 model drug compounds. The generated CE retention factor data were then compared with membrane permeability reference data. Both simple log D and more common Caco-2 cell parameters were evaluated. In addition, permeation through intestinal segments of rat ileum and rat colon was included. An improved correlation was obtained in the order: micellar < microemulsion < liposome systems. Although the correlation for the best liposome CE system was only R(2)=0.77, the evaluation results for all emphasized the strength and flexibility of CE for assessing specific drug-membrane interaction through tailor-made lipophilic media.