gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The selective heating effect of microwave irradiation on a binary mixture of water and polyethylene oxide: a molecular dynamics simulation approach (2023)

In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of a microwave-driven selective heating process by performing molecular dynamics simulations for three different systems including pure water, pure polyethylene oxide (PEO), and water-PEO mixed systems in the presence of a microwave with two different intensities of electric field such as 0.001 V Å<sup>-1</sup> and 0.01 V Å<sup>-1</sup> at a frequency of 100 GHz. First, from performing molecular dynamics simulations of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of the microwave, it is confirmed that the molecular dipole moment is responsible for the rotational motion induced by the oscillating electric field. Second, by analyzing the MD simulations of the pure water system, we discover that the dipole moment of water exhibits a time lag with respect to the microwave. During the heating process, however, the temperature, kinetic, and potential energies increase synchronously with the oscillating electric field of the microwave, showing that the heating of the water system is caused by the molecular reaction of water to the microwave. Comparing the water-PEO mixed system to the pure water and pure PEO systems, the water-PEO mixed system has a higher heating rate than the pure PEO system but a lower heating rate than the pure water system. Therefore, we conclude that heating the water-PEO mixed system is driven by water molecules selectively activated by microwave irradiation. We also calculate the diffusion coefficients of water molecules and PEO chains by describing their mean square displacements, demonstrating that the diffusion coefficients are increased in the presence of microwaves for both water and PEO in pure and mixed systems. Lastly, during the microwave heating process, the structures of the water-PEO mixed system are altered as a function of the intensity of electric field, which is mainly driven by the response of water molecules.
Placement of “biliary” stents in saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts (1993)

Angioplasty of coronary saphenous vein grafts has been associated with less favorable results than in native coronary arteries owing to a higher acute complication rate and an increased incidence of restenosis. We placed 16 nonarticulated balloon expandable stainless steel "biliary" stents at the sites of 13 stenotic or occluded aortocoronary saphenous vein graft lesions in 11 patients. All of the lesions were stented successfully. There were no instances of stent thrombosis or stent embolism. The percent diameter stenosis was reduced from 85.5 +/- 14.1% to 3.5 +/- 4.4% (p < .001), and the minimal lumen diameter of the lesion increased from 0.7 +/- 0.7 mm at baseline to 3.7 +/- 0.2 mm (p < .001) after stent placement. We conclude that this noncoronary stent appears to be safe and effective for treating saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts. The high procedural success rate and excellent angiographic results are very encouraging, while the restenosis rates remain to be determined.
CIGB-552, a promising candidate to cancer therapy. (2020)

Peptide-based cancer therapy has been of great interest due to the unique advantages of peptides, such as the low molecular weight, the ability to specifically target tumor cells, easy availability and low toxicity in normal tissues. Therefore, identify and synthesize novel peptides could provide a promising choice to patients with cancer. The antitumor second generation peptide CIGB-552 has been developed as a candidate to cancer treatment. Proteomic and genomic studies have identified the intracellular protein COMMD1 as the specific target of CIGB-552. This peptide penetrates inside tumor cells to induce the proteasomal degradation of RelA, causing the termination of NF-kB signaling. The antitumor activity of CIGB-552 has been validated in vitro in different human cancer cell lines, as well as in vivo in syngeneic and xenograft tumor mouse models and in cancer-bearing dogs. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the experimental data about CIGB-552, its mechanism of action and its therapeutic potential in human chronic diseases. This peptide is already in phase I of clinical trials as antineoplastic drug, but also has possible application to other inflammatory and metabolic conditions.
Experimental study of particle migration in polymer processing (2018)

Extrusion and injection molding processes of filled polymers are widely used in industry due to their high strength‐to‐weight ratios and for their ability to manufacture a variety of geometries while improving the overall mechanical and thermal properties. However, filler migration and filler–matrix separation during processing are phenomena that are not fully understood. To gain an improved understanding of these phenomena, polypropylene samples with different glass bead concentrations were manufactured using extrusion, injection molding and a customized screwless extruder that was built in‐house. Computed tomography was performed on the samples to observe particle position and distribution after material solidification. For all three processes, filler migration and filler–matrix separation was observed. In the extrusion and screwless extrusion processes, particles migrated towards the wall, contrary to current theories and believes. During the injection molding process, filler–matrix separation was manifested as bead‐free zones in the center region and the walls of the spiral mold at the entrance region of the spiral mold. These bead‐free zones were later filled at the far end of the spiral mold suggesting migration of particles along flow with almost no bead‐free zones at the end of the mold. Particle redistribution towards the wall and the center during flow could possibly have happened due to migration and fountain flow effects. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2165–2177, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
A common power-stage cellular/PCS/W-CDMA triple-band MMIC power amplifier (2004)

This paper describes the design and experimental results of an InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier for cellular (850 MHz)/PCS(1750 MHz)/W-CDMA (1950 MHz) triple-band mobile terminal applications. This two-stage power amplifier has only one power-stage in common for the triple bands to achieve a small chip and module size for low manufacturing cost. In order to reduce quiescent current for cellular band, the band selecting circuit to control bias current is used to the power-stage amplifier. This power amplifier has the power gain of 30 dB (26 dB, 25 dB) for cellular (PCS, W-CDMA) band and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 43% at the output of 28 dBm for cellular band under 3.4 V operation voltage.
CO2Gas Sensing By Cmos-Mems Scaln-Based Pyroelectric Detector Based on MID-IR Absorption (2021)

CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas sensing responses are measured using our in-house fabricated CMOS-MEMS ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector with 12% Sc doped concentration. Leveraging on mid-IR absorption behavior of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas caused by interaction of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> with light at 4.26 µm wavelength, our ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector successfully detect CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas response ranging from CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> concentrations of 5000 ppm down to 200 ppm. Gas channel lengths are varied from 6 cm to 10 cm and their respective CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> responses are measured. Finally, with N2 as the reference gas, we calculate the gas response percentage change of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas at different gas channel lengths and concentration.
1-Benzylcyclopropylamine and 1-(aminomethyl)-1-phenylcyclopropane: an inactivator and a substrate of monoamine oxidase (1985)

1-Benzylcyclopropylamine (1) and 1-(phenylcyclopropyl)methylamine (2), cyclopropane analogues of phenethylamine, were tested as inactivators for monoamine oxidase (MAO). Compound 1 is a potent competitive reversible inhibitor of the oxidation of benzylamine and also is a mechanism-based inactivator. It requires 2.3 equiv of 1 to inactivate 1 equiv of MAO. The excess equivalents of 1 are converted into benzyl vinyl ketone. A one-electron mechanism of inactivation is proposed. Compound 2 is a substrate for MAO and is converted into 1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxaldehyde without inactivation of the enzyme. Mechanistic consequences are discussed as a result of this observation.
Xanthates and Related Derivatives as Radical Precursors (2012)

Abstract This chapter deals with the various radical reactions involving dithiocarbonates (xanthates) and related structures. It will revolve around two main topics: (i) cleavage of the CO bond and (ii) cleavage of the CS bond. The first mode corresponds to the Barton–McCombie reaction and variants thereof. The mechanism of this important reaction is discussed in detail and then illustrated with a few varied examples taken from the recent literature (in order not to overlap too much with existing reviews). Modifications not using organotin hydrides are also described, with emphasis on the practical aspects. The incorporation of the Barton–McCombie process in various CC bond‐forming radical sequences is also be presented. Included in this part is an O → S radical chain rearrangement that is sometimes observed. The second mode encompasses the degenerative fragmentation of xanthates. Radicals generated this way have a relatively long lifetime in the medium, allowing various transformations otherwise difficult to perform. Intermolecular additions to unactivated olefins are one such case. The possibility of using the adduct, itself a xanthate, for another radical sequence can also be exploited. Intra‐ and intermolecular additions to aromatic and heteroaromatic rings, as well as radical‐based modifications of the xanthate group, are other possibilities that are described and illustrated with examples.
Modulation of Inflammatory Effects of Cytokines by the Neuropeptide α-MSH (2020)

Inflammation is perhaps the most primitive of the host responses to challenge, and it is believed to promote survival. The inflammatory reaction involves multiple host cells, especially neutrophils and macrophages, and an ever-growing list of proinflammatory agents including certain cytokines. Cytokines are believed to participate in normal physiological events, but in infection and inflammation the influence of proinflammatory cytokines can be exaggerated. One of the most enlightening pursuits in recent research on Α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and related melanocortins concerns identification and cloning of their receptors. Migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into tissue sites of injury or invasion is one of the earliest stages of the inflammatory reaction. A number of antiinflammatory substances, including glucocorticoids, appear to inhibit inflammation by inhibiting polymorphonuclear migration, thereby modulating local injury caused by the host cells themselves. Nitric oxide production by macrophages is believed to contribute to inflammatory reactions, perhaps particularly chronic inflammation.
[Thrombopenia induced by heparin in orthopedic surgery. Apropos of 12 cases]. (1988)

Treatment with heparin for the prevention of thrombosis in orthopaedic surgery may sometimes be responsible for thrombopenia. This can be associated with arterial or venous thrombotic complications. Twelve cases of heparin-induced thrombopenia are reported here. Three cases were demonstrated by a diminution of the platelet count which reversed when heparin treatment was discontinued. Nine patients presented with arterial and/or venous thromboses whose progress was favourable in the long term. The replacement of heparin treatment by anti-vitamin K from the 5th or 6th day can avoid the thrombotic complications of heparin-induced thrombopenia.
The epoxy-polycarbonate blends cured with aliphatic amine?I. Mechanism and kinetics (1997)

Reaction mechanism of the PC–epoxy blends cured by aliphatic amine has been investigated by varying PC contents in the blends. The transamidation reaction tends to convert nearly all the carbonates into N-aliphatic aromatic carbamates even at ambient temperature before normal curing. The remaining amine proceeds the normal curing with epoxy at a higher temperature (80°C). For the PC–epoxy/aliphatic amine blend containing 6 wt % PC, the yielded N-aliphatic aromatic carbamate further reacts with amine to produce the urea structure. The urea undergoes substitution reaction with the hydroxyl formed from the normal curing to give the N-aliphatic aliphatic carbamate. For the blend containing 12 wt % PC, the N-aliphatic aromatic carbamate converts into the N-aliphatic aliphatic carbamate via two different routes. For the blend containing lower molecular weight of the aliphatic amine, the N-aliphatic aromatic carbamate reacts with hydroxyl to form the N-aliphatic aliphatic carbamate directly. For the blend containing higher molecular weight of aliphatic amine, the N-aliphatic aromatic carbamate decomposes into the aliphatic isocyanate accelerated by the presence of the residual oxirane. The isocyanate formed then reacts with hydroxyl to yield the N-aliphatic aliphatic carbamate. The activation energy (Ea) and preexponential factor (A) of the PC–epoxy/POPDA blends decrease with the increase of the PC content. Kinetic study by thermal analysis by the method of autocatalyzed model is able to correctly predict oxirane conversion vs. time relationship for the neat epoxy/aliphatic amine and the PC–epoxy/aromatic amine systems because the dominant reaction is the normal curing reaction between amine and oxirane. The model fails to predict the PC–epoxy/aliphatic amine system because the system is complicated by several other reactions besides the normal curing reaction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2169–2181, 1997
In Vitro Susceptibility of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum to Doxycycline (2020)

Doxycycline is regarded as an effective therapy for early syphilis, and there is increasing interest in using doxycycline for prophylaxis of this infection. However, the MIC of doxycycline for <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> has not been reported previously. In this study, an <i>in vitro</i> culture system was utilized to determine that the MIC of doxycycline is 0.06 to 0.10 μg/ml for four strains of <i>T. pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> (Nichols, SS14, UW231B, and UW249B). The Nichols strain cultured <i>in vitro</i> with doxycycline was also tested for infectivity in rabbits, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was found to be ≤0.1 μg/ml using this method. The low MIC and MBC values are consistent with the previously demonstrated clinical efficacy of doxycycline for the treatment of early syphilis. This study represents the first report of the <i>in vitro</i> susceptibility of <i>T. pallidum</i> to doxycycline, and the resulting information may be useful in the consideration of doxycycline for use in prevention of syphilis.
In the blink of an eye (2014)

We demonstrate how information about eye blink frequency and head motion patterns derived from Google Glass sensors can be used to distinguish different types of high level activities. While it is well known that eye blink frequency is correlated with user activity, our aim is to show that (1) eye blink frequency data from an unobtrusive, commercial platform which is not a dedicated eye tracker is good enough to be useful and (2) that adding head motion patterns information significantly improves the recognition rates. The method is evaluated on a data set from an experiment containing five activity classes (reading, talking, watching TV, mathematical problem solving, and sawing) of eight participants showing 67% recognition accuracy for eye blinking only and 82% when extended with head motion patterns.
Quench characteristics of stainless steel laminated DyBCO coated conductor (2005)

As high temperature superconductor applications became a reality due to increase in coated conductor performance, it is important to understand their stability behavior to design safe electrical power systems. Coated conductors can be stabilized with different metals and alloys for different types of application, to yield excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical performance. We have experimentally studied the dependence of quench and recovery characteristics of stainless steel stabilized coated conductors on the amplitude of current and duration time. Stability test of 3cm long sample were performed in a liquid nitrogen bath cooling condition by applying a short period over current pulses for 50 and 100ms, with amplitude up to ~6 times the critical current. The transport current that flows before and after the current pulse was fixed at about ~80-85% critical current. We analyzed the quench and recovery phenomena of the test sample using the current voltage characteristic.
A Markov-Chain-Based Model for Group Message Distribution in Connected Networks (2020)

The authors introduce a stochastic Markov-chain-based model for the recursive distribution of a message from the source node to all remaining nodes. This recursive message distribution process produces a spanning tree topology over the connected network of nodes. The model has five input parameters: (1) the number of nodes n in the group, (2) the maximum number of child nodes, (3) the number of sub-message components needed to transfer a single message, (4) the probability p1 that two adjacent nodes in a network initiate a connection (edge) in the spanning tree, and (5) the probability p2 that each sub-message component is transferred correctly between nodes. The authors derive a closed-form expression for the expected group message distribution time, measured in discrete-time epochs, that is verified via Monte Carlo simulations. Since both the closed-form formulas and the Monte Carlo simulations are computationally intensive for networks with a large number of nodes n, this paper derives a reliable approximate formula for the expected distribution time for networks as large as n = 1000.
Long-Term Potentiation of Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission Affects Rate of Behavioral Learning (1984)

Electrical stimulation techniques were used to produce a long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of naïve rabbits. Animals were then classically conditioned. Long-term potentiation of the hippocampus before training increased the rate at which animals subsequently learned the conditioning task. This result has significance for potential cellular mechanisms of associative learning.
Innovations and new applications of a wearable device for remote monitoring of transcutaneous tissue oxygenation (Conference Presentation) (2023)

Non-invasive approaches to human data collection have become relevant in athlete performance monitoring and the clinical setting. Historically, these metrics rely on measurements such as blood or tissue oxygen saturation, yet saturation lacks a degree of specificity clinicians and professional trainers desire. To overcome this, we developed a wearable, non-invasive, optical transcutaneous tissue oxygenation sensor that overcomes inefficiencies in specific measurements and the devices that collect those measurements. We report on innovations to the prototype device, including the implementation of more sophisticated quantification methods directly on the device as well as the addition of new sensors to measure other clinical parameters.
Morbidity of Cytoreductive Surgery in the Elderly (2003)

Powell, Matthew A. MD; Wright, Jason D. MD; Gibb, Randall K. MD; Mutch, David G. MD; Rader, Janet S. MD; Herzog, Thomas J. MD Author Information
Optical tomography by digital holographic microscopy (2009)

Optical tomography provides three-dimensional data of the measured specimen, while quantitative phase imaging enables measuring the induced phase-shifts. Combining those two technologies makes possible to get three-dimensional refractive index reconstruction. This can be achieved by introducing a scan in the measurement process, which can be done in several ways. We present and compare results of tomographic measurements, taken either in angle-scanning or wavelength-scanning approach, respectively in transmission or in reflection microscopy, in the framework of digital holographic microscopy.
Spectroscopic Studies of Colloidal Solutions of Nanocrystalline Ru(bpy)32+−Zeolite Y (2001)

Preparation of suspensions of Ru(bpy)32+−zeolite Y has made it possible to use conventional optical transmission spectroscopic methods to examine the entrapped Ru(bpy)32+ species within the zeolite. To prepare the suspensions, the surface hydroxyl groups of nanocrystalline zeolite Y were silylated using n-octadecyltrichlorosilane. The hydrocarbon sheath on the surface of the zeolites prevented agglomeration of the particles and made the surface hydrophobic enough for dispersion in toluene. The spectroscopic properties of the entrapped Ru(bpy)32+ were measured via transmission techniques. For low levels of zeolite in the suspension (1 mg/10 mL), the scattering was low, and the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Ru(bpy)32+-entrapped zeolite Y were quantitatively identical to the solution spectra with comparable Ru(bpy)32+ concentrations. This suggests that all of the Ru(bpy)32+ inside the zeolite is being sampled and the extinction coefficient of the complex is not altered upon incorporation inside the zeolite. The nature of the quenching mechanism in the Ru(bpy)32+−viologen−zeolite Y system was studied by steady-state fluorescence and lifetime measurements, and it was determined to be mostly due to static quenching. Intrazeolitic electron transfer from the photogenerated viologen radical to Ru(bpy)33+ was followed by flash photolysis, and information about the dynamics of the electron-transfer process was obtained. Comparison of the electron-transfer and quenching data with previous studies on zeolite samples examined by diffuse reflectance methods led to the conclusion that, in reflectance measurements, mostly the surface of the zeolite is sampled. The suspensions, on the other hand, provide a method to examine molecules inside the crystal. Overall, this study demonstrates that zeolite-entrapped complexes can be examined using transmission spectroscopic techniques by using nanocrystalline zeolites with modified surfaces.