gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AAAI Presidential Panel on Long-Term AI Futures: Interim Report from the Panel Chairs (2009)

The AAAI President has commissioned a study to explore and address potential long-term societal influences of AI research and development. The panel will consider the nature and timing of potential AI successes, and will define and address societal challenges and opportunities in light of these potential successes. On reflecting about the long term, panelists will review expectations and uncertainties about the development of increasingly competent machine intelligences, including the prospect that computational systems will achieve “human-level” abilities along a variety of dimensions, or surpass human intelligence in a variety of ways. The panel will appraise societal and technical issues that would likely come to the fore with the rise of competent machine intelligence. For example, how might AI successes in multiple realms and venues lead to significant or perhaps even disruptive societal changes?
Modeling and evaluation of Bluetooth MAC protocol (2002)

The emergence of Bluetooth as a default radio interface allows handheld electronic devices to be instantly interconnected into ad hoc networks. These short range ad-hoc wireless networks, called piconets, operate in the unlicensed 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical) band where up to eight devices may be used to configure single or overlapping piconets. This creates interference on the device from other devices operating in the same frequency band including microwaves and devices enabling various wireless LAN standards. This paper uses a signal capture model to study piconet MAC performance. Furthermore, simulations are used to validate the throughput obtained from this model. These results reveal important performance implications of the effect of inter-piconet interference on throughput.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer (2003)

Pancreatic cancer is an almost universally fatal disease, with a five-year survival rate of 5%. Research into both sporadic and inherited forms of pancreatic cancer has yielded tremendous advances in the understanding of this disease at the molecular level. Elucidating genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer has identified various abnormalities ranging from gross chromosomal abnormalities to point mutations, many of which influence the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Identifying precursor lesions within pancreatic ducts has led to the formulation of a progression model of pancreatic cancer and subsequent identification of early- and late-stage changes leading to invasive cancer. Ultimately, understanding the genetic events underlying the development of pancreatic cancer may serve as a useful adjunct in the screening and treatment of patients suffering from, or at risk for, pancreatic cancer.
Dendrimer-assisted low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2006)

Using a shielded growth approach and N2-annealed, nearly monodispersed Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesized by interdendritic stabilization of Fe3+ species within fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers were successfully grown at low substrate temperatures (200-400 degrees C) by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
Use of Mannitol Hydrogen Peroxide to Control Microbial Produced Skin Irritants (2007)

Production of irritants by microbes on or near the skin's surface may lead to skin inflammation as well as offensive odors. A mannitol hydrogen peroxide (MHP) mixture was found to reduce the production of skin irritating compounds by facultative Gram-negative bacteria. This control method appears to influence metabolic regulation rather than impacting microbial viability, an aspect important to the overall maintenance of normal skin microflora. A mixture of hydrogen peroxide and mannitol was heated for 7 hr at 97 °C resulting in a white granular solid. A 450- fold decrease in specific ammonia production was observed when Proteus mirabilis was grown in the presence of urea and MHP as compared to cells in urea alone. Furthermore, it was observed that MHP produced an 8- and 2- fold decrease in release of cytokines IL-lα and IL-8, respectively, in a P. mirabilis challenged skin model. It is hypothesized that MHP provides a sustainable discharge of oxygen that shifts the metabolism of the bacterium. This bacterial control system can be applied to personal and health care products to control odors and reduce bacterial induced skin irritation, all without employing harmful antimicrobials.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum Strain DIVETGP, Isolated from Cow's Milk for Grana Padano Production (2015)

We announce the draft genome sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain DIVETGP. This strain was isolated from cow's milk used for Grana Padano cheese production. The genome was obtained using Illumina HiSeq technology and comprises 45 contigs for 3,018,999 bp, with a G+C content of 30.8%.
Using distance maps for accurate surface representation in sampled volumes (2002)

High quality rendering and physics based modeling in volume graphics have been limited because intensity based volumetric data do not represent surfaces well. High spatial frequencies due to abrupt intensity changes at object surfaces result in jagged or terraced surfaces in rendered images. The use of a distance-to-closest-surface function to encode object surfaces is proposed. This function varies smoothly across surfaces and hence can be accurately reconstructed from sampled data. The zero value iso surface of the distance map yields the object surface and the derivative of the distance map yields the surface normal. Examples of rendered images are presented along with a new method for calculating distance maps from sampled binary data.
Npt2b Deletion Attenuates Hyperphosphatemia Associated with CKD (2012)

The incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality strongly correlates with serum phosphate in individuals with CKD. The Npt2b transporter contributes to maintaining phosphate homeostasis in the setting of normal renal function, but its role in CKD-associated hyperphosphatemia is not well understood. Here, we used adenine to induce uremia in both Npt2b-deficient and wild-type mice. Compared with wild-type uremic mice, Npt2b-deficient uremic mice had significantly lower levels of serum phosphate and attenuation of FGF23. Treating Npt2b-deficient mice with the phosphate binder sevelamer carbonate further reduced serum phosphate levels. Uremic mice exhibited high turnover renal osteodystrophy; treatment with sevelamer significantly decreased the number of osteoclasts and the rate of mineral apposition in Npt2b-deficient mice, but sevelamer did not affect bone formation and rate of mineral apposition in wild-type mice. Taken together, these data suggest that targeting Npt2b in addition to using dietary phosphorus binders may be a therapeutic approach to modulate serum phosphate in CKD.
All-fiber connectorized fiber-optic delay module using 3-D polarization optics (2002)

Reversible photonic delay line (PDL) architectures based on optical polarization switching 2-D pixelated spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been proposed for phased array radar control. An important issue for the implementation of PDLs that use 2-D polarization switches is packaging. Compact PDL modules are necessary for fielded systems where space and volume on the application platform (e.g., aircraft) are limited. So far, no ultracompact PDL design based on polarization bulk-optics has been proposed. In addition, no polarization-based fiber PDL has been proposed that is easily adaptable to generate any user desired optical delay. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a PDL module that meets the above mentioned requirements i.e., compactness and time delay adaptability. Our approach for achieving this PDL involves using microlens and FC/PC connectorized fiber-optics.
Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery and Its Correlation Factors in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study (2009)

CA-IMT was increased dramatically in MHD patients. A high serum phosphate level, low serum prealbumin level and high SBP may be associated with advanced arteriosclerosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Spectral Properties of Tropocoronands, a New Class of Versatile Metal‐Complexing Macrocycles Derived from Aminotropone Imines. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the tropones (Ia) with the diamines (II) yields the dimeric aminotropones (III), which are converted to the title compounds (V) (the tropocoronand (Vb) is obtained as a minor product only; the main product of this reaction is 2‐phenyl‐2‐imidazole (51% yield)).
CEP-11981: Identification of an orally bioavailable TIE-2/VEGF-R2 inhibitor with broad kinase inhibitory activity (2007)

C203 Orally bioavailable, dual inhibitors of TIE-2/VEGF-R2 were identified by elaborating the C3/N13 SAR around a fused pyrrolodihydroindazolocarbazole scaffold. This effort was guided by a co-crystal structure of a C3-tetrahydropyran (THP) analog complexed with TIE-2; this analog was anchored into the ATP binding pocket via a bidentate H-bonding motif of the pyrrolidinone with Ala905 and Glu903. Another apparent critical interaction involved Asp982 with the C3-THP oxygen. A variety of C3-ether, acyl, oxime, urea and aminopyrimidine analogs were prepared to further exploit this binding interaction; analogs were evaluated in enzymatic and cellular biochemical assays (inhibition of kinase phosphorylation) with preferred analogs having TIE-2/VEGF-R2 IC50 values
Thermo-mechanical impact of the underfill-microbump interaction in 3D stacked integrated circuits (2011)

This paper focuses on stress generated in Si dies as a consequence of the interaction mechanism of the underfill material and microbumps in 3D stacked integrated circuits (ICs). The impact of the mechanism is simulated by means of finite element modeling (FEM) and verified by electrical measurements. Furthermore, a FEM study is employed in order to provide proposals for stress reduction in the active Si area due to stacking. In result, guidelines for the choice of underfill material and critical dimensional parameters of 3D stacks are pointed out.
Ergothioneine production with Aspergillus oryzae (2018)

To establish a reliable and practical ergothioneine (ERG) supply, we employed fermentative ERG production using Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus used for food production. We heterologously overexpressed the egt-1 and -2 genes of Neurospora crassa in A. oryzae and succeeded in producing ERG (231.0 mg/kg of media, which was 20 times higher than the wild type). Abbreviations: ERG: ergothioneine; HER: hercynine; Cys-HER: hercynylcysteine-sulfoxide; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine; l-His: l-histidine; l-Cys: l-cysteine; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.
Effects of nonzero bandwidth on direction of arrival estimators in array signal processing (2002)

We consider the impact of bandwidth on narrowband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using an array of sensors. We derive expressions for the DOA bias for three array processing algorithms: MUSIC, ESPRIT, and weighted subspace fitting. The bias expressions are found by a perturbation analysis of these algorithms for small relative bandwidths of the sources. We compare the perturbation-based bias predictions to actual bias for some cases of interest.
CoBeam: Beamforming-based Spectrum Sharing With Zero Cross-Technology Signaling for 5G Wireless Networks (2020)

This article studies an essential yet challenging problem in 5G wireless networks: Is it possible to enable spectrally-efficient spectrum sharing for heterogeneous wireless networks with different, possibly incompatible, spectrum access technologies on the same spectrum bands; without modifying the protocol stacks of existing wireless networks? To answer this question, this article explores the system challenges that need to be addressed to enable a new spectrum sharing paradigm based on beamforming, which we refer to as CoBeam. In CoBeam, a secondary wireless network is allowed to access a spectrum band based on cognitive beam-forming without mutual temporal exclusion, i.e., without interrupting the ongoing transmissions of coexisting wireless networks on the same bands; and without cross-technology communication. We first describe the main components of CoBeam, including programmable physical layer driver, cognitive sensing engine, and beamforming engine, and then we showcase the potential of the CoBeam framework by designing a practical coexistence scheme between Wi-Fi and LTE on unlicensed bands. We present a prototype of the resulting coexisting Wi-Fi/U-LTE network built on off-the-shelf software radios based on which we evaluate the performance of CoBeam through an extensive experimental campaign. Performance evaluation results indicate that CoBeam can achieve on average 169% throughput gain while requiring no signaling exchange between the coexisting wireless networks.
Selektive katalytische Metathese und Hydrierung von Monoterpenen (2013)

The aim of this thesis was to study metathesis and hydrogenation reactions of the monoterpenes Limonene, beta-Myrcene and Terpinolene catalysed by transition metal nanoparticles. When using known homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, no selective metathesis of monocyclic and acyclic monoterpenes can be achieved. Merely the ring-closing metathesis of beta-Myrcene can be achieved with the Grubbs-II- and the Hoveyda-Grubbs-II-catalysts, respectively. The hydrogenation of monoterpenes is very efficient and gives access to both branched aliphats and interesting olefins. The reaction pathways are determined by the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalyst systems. In this study, it was found that complete hydrogenation of limonene over heterogeneous catalysts can be achieved within a few hours. Different transition metal nanoparticles were prepared and stabilized successfully by using different stabilizers. Stable Ru-nanoparticles could be obtained with polyethylene glycol (Ru@PEG-NP) as well as with a variety of imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids (Ru@IL-NP). For the first time these catalysts were tested in the selective hydrogenation of terpenes. It was found that Ru-nanoparticles, stabilized by ionic liquids, are suitable for the hydrogenation of terpenes. Both the fully hydrogenated products and the partially hydrogenated intermediates could be obtained. In addition to the Ru-nanoparticles, Pd- and Pt-nanoparticles were synthesized and were found to be active in the hydrogenation of monoterpenes as well. Both, the cyclic and the acyclic monoterpenes could be hydrogenated. In the case of beta-myrcene, even a chemoselective hydrogenation could be observed. However, since they are more sensitive to high temperatures and hydrogen pressures than Ru-nanoparticles, the Pd- and Pt-nanoparticles agglomerated under the reaction conditions, thereby impeding recycling.
On nearly absolutely isolated hypersurface singularities of dimension 2 (1986)

A formula for the geometric genus of a nearly absolutely isolated hypersurface singularity of dimension 2 is found by using the canonical resolution. An upper bound for the fundamental cycle of such singularity is also given.
Bacterial invasion of the biliary system by way of the portal-venous system (1991)

It has been suggested that bacteria in the intestine gain access into the biliary tract by entering the portal-venous blood. We have tested the hypothesis of hematogenous infection of the biliary system in cats. The animals were treated in three different groups: group A (no biliary obstruction), group B (acute biliary obstruction) and group C (chronic biliary obstruction). A mutant strain of Escherichia coli was infused into the splenic vein of cats at three different dosages (10(7), 10(5) and 10(3) with sham controls. In the unobstructed biliary system, the mutant E. coli was isolated from the bile 30 min and 90 min after the infusion of 10(7) and 10(5) E. coli, respectively. No bacteria were found in the bile with the infusion of 10(3) E. coli and in the control animals. Bile flow was significantly reduced with the infusion of bacteria. The biliary excretion of E. coli in group B was similar to that in group A. In group C, the bile output in the first hour was very high but declined rapidly. E. coli was excreted into the bile at all three dosages of infusion after 30 min. Histological sections of the liver showed that the infused bacteria entered the sinusoidal blood and that some were phagocytosed by Kupffer cells. The portal-venous blood was considered an important route of bacterial invasion into the biliary system, and the penetration of bacteria was facilitated in biliary obstruction.
Fancy Bioisosteres:  Metallocene-Derived G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Ligands with Subnanomolar Binding Affinity and Novel Selectivity Profiles (2005)

Metallocene-derived bioisosteres lead to exceptionally strong binding G-protein-coupled receptor ligands, indicating substantial plasticity of the receptor excluded volume. Novel binding profiles of ferrocenylcarboxamides combining subnanomolar Ki values for the dopamine D4 receptor (1a, 0.52 nM; 1b, 0.63 nM) with superpotent serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (1a, 0.50 nM) and dopamine D3 receptor binding (1b, 0.64 nM) and selective D4 agonist properties of the ruthenocene 1c may be a starting point for highly beneficial central nervous system active drugs.
Integrated Fourier Domain Mode-locked Lasers: Analysis of a Novel Coherent WDM Comb Laser (2011)

Fourier-domain mode-locking of integrated laser diodes is studied theoretically for the application of WDM mode comb generation. Flat (&lt;7 dB) combs with 40 modes spaced at 25 GHz and RIN values of below 0.3% can be generated with practically feasible designs. Such lasers enable future Terabit/s interconnects.
Isoforms of Melanopsin Mediate Different Behavioral Responses to Light (2015)

Melanopsin (OPN4) is a retinal photopigment that mediates a wide range of non-image-forming (NIF) responses to light including circadian entrainment, sleep induction, the pupillary light response (PLR), and negative masking of locomotor behavior (the acute suppression of activity in response to light). How these diverse NIF responses can all be mediated by a single photopigment has remained a mystery. We reasoned that the alternative splicing of melanopsin could provide the basis for functionally distinct photopigments arising from a single gene. The murine melanopsin gene is indeed alternatively spliced, producing two distinct isoforms, a short (OPN4S) and a long (OPN4L) isoform, which differ only in their C terminus tails. Significantly, both isoforms form fully functional photopigments. Here, we show that different isoforms of OPN4 mediate different behavioral responses to light. By using RNAi-mediated silencing of each isoform in vivo, we demonstrated that the short isoform (OPN4S) mediates light-induced pupillary constriction, the long isoform (OPN4L) regulates negative masking, and both isoforms contribute to phase-shifting circadian rhythms of locomotor behavior and light-mediated sleep induction. These findings demonstrate that splice variants of a single receptor gene can regulate strikingly different behaviors.
Compatibility analysis of 3D printer resin for biological applications (2016)

The salient features of microfluidics such as reduced cost, handling small sample and reagent volumes and less time required to fabricate the devices has inspired the present work. The incompatibility of three‐dimensional printer resins in their native form and the method to improve their compatibility to many biological processes via surface modification are reported. The compatibility of the material to build microfluidic devices was evaluated in three different ways: (i) determining if the ultraviolet (UV) cured resin inhibits the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), i.e. testing devices for PCR compatibility; (ii) observing agglutination complex formed on the surface of the UV cured resin when anti‐C‐reactive protein (CRP) antibodies and CRP proteins were allowed to agglutinate; and (iii) by culturing human embryonic kidney cell line cells and testing for its attachment and viability. It is shown that only a few among four in its native form could be used for fabrication of microchannels and that had the least effect on biological molecules that could be used for PCR and protein interactions and cells, whereas the others were used after treating the surface. Importance in building lab‐on‐chip/micrototal analysis systems and organ‐on‐chip devices is found.
Binding energies and electron affinities of small silicon clusters (n=2–5) (1992)

The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of Sin and Si−n (n=1–5) clusters. The G2 energies are used to derive accurate binding energies and electron affinities of these clusters. The calculated electron affinities of Si2–Si4 are in agreement to within 0.1 eV with results from recent photoelectron spectroscopic measurements.
Are 3 rd parties slowing down the mobile web? (2016)

Content Providers (CPs) such as Facebook, Google, and others desire that their websites attract large user bases and generate high revenue. As a result, CPs strive to develop attractive and interactive websites that keep users engaged. JavaScript libraries from Online Social Networks, advertisements, and user tracking beacons allow CPs to personalize webpages based on end-users' interests, while various CSS frameworks make websites aesthetically pleasing [7, 9]. Further, webpage analytic APIs and performance monitoring tools allow CPs to monitor the user-perceived performance with their websites [8, 11]. However, as CPs continue to evolve their websites with more and more attractive features the webpage load time (PLT) starts to increase, which results in poor user experience with their websites [5, 12, 27].
Unique Luminescence of Hexagonal Dominant Colloidal Copper Indium Sulphide Quantum Dots in Dispersed Solutions (2019)

Luminescent hexagonal dominant copper indium sulphide (h-dominant CIS) quantum dots (QDs) by precursor-injection of mixed metal-dialkyldithiocarbamate precursors. Owing to the different reactivity of the precursors, this method allowed the CIS QDs to grow while retaining the crystallinity of the hexagonal nucleus. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited dual emission (600-700 nm red emission and 700-800 nm NIR emission) resulting from the combined contributions of the hexagonal (wurtzite) h-CIS and tetragonal (chalcopyrite) t-CIS QDs, i.e. the NIR and red emissions were due to the h-CIS QDs and coexisting t-CIS QDs (weight ratio of h-CIS/t-CIS ~ 10), respectively. The PL intensities of the h-CIS as well as t-CIS QDs were enhanced by post-synthetic heat treatment; the t-CIS QDs were particularly sensitive to the heat treatment. By separating h-CIS and t-CIS successfully, it was demonstrated that this phenomenon was not affected by size and composition but by the donor-acceptor pair states and defect concentration originating from their crystal structure. The h-dominant CIS QDs in this work provide a new technique to control the optical property of Cu-In-S ternary NCs.
To lift or recut: Changing trends in LASIK enhancement (2003)

Recutting flaps for enhancement should be avoided unless other alternatives are unavailable.