gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of two nickel-requiring (inducible and constitutive) hydrogenases and their coupling to nitrogenase in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (1987)

Two uptake hydrogenases were found in the obligate methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b; one was constitutive, and a second was induced by H2. Both hydrogenases could be assayed by measuring methylene blue reduction anaerobically or by coupling their activity to nitrogenase acetylene reduction activity in vivo in an O2-dependent reaction. The H2 concentration for half-maximal activity of the inducible and constitutive hydrogenases in both assays was 0.01 and 0.5 bar (1 and 50 kPa), respectively, making it easy to distinguish these enzymes from one another both in vivo and in vitro. Hydrogen uptake was shown to be coupled to ATP synthesis in methane-starved cells. Methane, methanol, formate, succinate, and glucose all repressed the H2-mediated synthesis of the inducible hydrogenase. Furthermore, this enzyme was only expressed in N-starved cultures and was repressed by NH4+ and NO3-; synthesis of the constitutive hydrogenase was not affected by excess N in the growth medium. In nickel-free, EDTA-containing medium, the activities of these two enzymes were negligible; however, both enzyme activities appeared rapidly following the addition of nickel to the culture. Chloramphenicol, when added along with nickel, had no effect on the rapid appearance of either the constitutive or inducible activity, indicating that nickel is not required for synthesis of the hydrogenase apoproteins. These observations all suggest that these hydrogenases are nickel-containing enzymes. Finally, both hydrogenases were soluble and could be fractionated by 20% ammonium sulfate; the constitutive enzyme remained in the supernatant solution, while the inducible enzyme was precipitated under these conditions.
Cholesterol crystals activate the lectin complement pathway via ficolin-2 and MBL - implications for the progression of atherosclerosis (2016)

Abstract Cholesterol crystals (CC) play an essential role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by inducing inflammation and by functioning as an endogenous danger signal. CC activate the classical and the alternative complement pathways, but the role of the lectin pathway is unknown. In this study we hypothesized that pattern recognition molecules (PRM) from the lectin pathway bind CC and functions as an upstream innate inflammatory signal in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. We investigated the binding of the PRMs mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3, the associated serine proteases, and complement activation products to CC using recombinant proteins, specific inhibitors as well as deficient and normal sera. Binding was assessed by flow cytometry and microscopy. The results showed that the lectin pathway was activated on CC by binding of ficolin-2 and MBL, resulting in activation and deposition of complement activation products. MBL bound to CC in a calcium dependent manner while ficolin-2 binding was calcium independent. No binding was observed for ficolin-1 or ficolin-3. Moreover, we demonstrated that IgM, but not IgG bound to CC and that C1q binding was facilitated by IgM. In conclusion our study demonstrates that PRMs from the lectin pathway recognize CC and provides evidence for an important role for this pathway in the inflammatory response induced by CC in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Discharging Behavior of Hollandite α-MnO2 in a Hydrated Zinc-Ion Battery (2021)

Hollandite, α-MnO<sub>2</sub>, is of interest as a prospective cathode material for hydrated zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs); however, the mechanistic understanding of the discharge process remains limited. Herein, a systematic study on the initial discharge of an α-MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode under a hydrated environment was reported using density functional theory (DFT) in combination with complementary experiments, where the DFT predictions well described the experimental measurements on discharge voltages and manganese oxidation states. According to the DFT calculations, both protons (H<sup>+</sup>) and zinc ions (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) contribute to the discharging potentials of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> observed experimentally, where the presence of water plays an essential role during the process. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanistic understanding of the discharge of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> in hydrated ZIBs, emphasizing the crucial interplay among the H<sub>2</sub>O molecules, the intercalated Zn<sup>2+</sup> or H<sup>+</sup> ions, and the Mn<sup>4+</sup> ions on the tunnel wall to enhance the stability of discharged states and, thus, the electrochemical performances in hydrated ZIBs.
Reliable Transport For PIM Register States (2018)

This document introduces a hard-state, reliable transport for the
existing PIM-SM registers states. This eliminates the needs for
periodic NULL-registers and register-stop in response to each data-
register or NULL-registers. This specification uses the existing PIM
reliability mechanisms defined by PIM Over Reliable Transport
[RFC6559]. This is simply a means to transmit reliable PIM messages
and does not require the support for Join/Prune messages over PORT as
defined in [RFC6559].
In Vivo Inhibition of Type I Interferon Transcription in Genital HSV-2 Lesions (134.72) (2009)

Abstract We performed transcriptional analysis and immunocytochemistry (ICC) of sequential biopsies of lesional tissue of immunocompetent persons with recurrent HSV-2 infection. Histologic analysis of these biopsies indicated a massive infiltration of monocytes/macrophages along with a large amount of myeloid and a small number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the dermis of these lesional biopsies. IFNB1 and IFN-α were weakly expressed and IFNG potently induced during time periods in which there was abundant detection of HSV-2 antigens and gene expression. Transcriptional arrays of the same anatomic area over time (newly healed, 2 and 4 weeks post healing) in which no HSV DNA/RNA or antigen was detected continued to show that IFNB1 and IFN-α were barely detectable. IFNG persisted in lesional tissue, albeit at lower levels as compared with active lesions. Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were also markedly up-regulated with expression patterns more clearly resembling those in primary human fibroblasts treated by IFNG than by IFNB1. The presence of a very large number of innate cells capable of sensing HSV-2 infection and synthesizing type I IFN by both histologic and transcriptional analyses associated with extremely low levels of IFN-α and IFNB1 even in the earliest lesional biopsies suggests a potent alteration in host defense during HSV-2 infection in vivo. This block of type I IFN by HSV-2 may be a major factor in allowing the virus to breakthrough host mucosal defenses.
Linkage mapping and whole-genome predictions in canola (Brassica napus) subjected to differing temperature treatments (2020)

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is grown on &amp;gt;8 Mha in Canada and is sensitive to high temperatures; therefore, research on breeding methodologies to improve heat-stress tolerance is warranted. This study utilised a doubled-haploid population created from two parents (PB36 and PB56) that differed in their ability to set seed following growth at high temperatures. The experiment was designed to identify potential quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for conferring tolerance to increased temperatures, and to utilise this population as a test case for evaluating the prospects of whole-genome prediction. The population was phenotyped in a split-plot, randomised complete block experimental design at three locations with two planting-date treatments. The first planting date was during the normal planting period (control), and the second planting was timed to experience increased average temperatures (1.7°C, 2.0°C and 1.2°C) and increased number of days with maximum temperatures above the critical temperature of 29.5°C (4, 12 and 3 days). The stress treatment reduced yield on average by 16.7%. There were 66 QTLs discovered across the nine traits collected. Given the quantitative nature of the traits collected, the ability to use whole-genome prediction was investigated. The prediction accuracies ranged from 0.14 (yield) to 0.66 (1000-seed weight). Prediction had higher accuracy within the stress treatment than within the control treatment for seven of the nine traits, demonstrating that phenotyping within a stress environment can provide valuable data for whole-genome predictions.
Investigation of a DC bus differential mode EMI filter for AC/DC power adapters (2018)

For AC/DC adapters, the differential mode filter design becomes a significant factor for EMI filter size reduction as the input common mode choke can be removed with recent techniques. The paper investigates a DC bus EMI filter and compares it with AC line filter. The attenuation of DC bus filter is derived. The value and size of filter components are analyzed quantitively and the application conditions are introduced. Mixed-Mode noise and other issues when applying DC bus filter are analyzed. Experiments on an AC/DC Flyback adapter validate the analysis. Eventually, the feasibility of extending the DC bus filter to other converter topologies are discussed.
Dopamine alters glutamate receptor desensitization in retinal horizontal cells of the perch (Perca fluviatilis). (1994)

The patch-clamp technique in combination with a fast liquid filament application system was used to study the effect of dopamine on the glutamate receptor desensitization in horizontal cells of the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Kinetics of ligand-gated ion channels in fish horizontal cells are modulated by dopamine. This modulation is presumably mediated by a cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. Before incubation with dopamine, the glutamate receptors of horizontal cells activate and desensitize with fast time constants. In the whole-cell recording mode, fast application of the agonists L-glutamate, quisqualate, or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid prior to the dopamine incubation gives rise to fast transient currents with peak values of about 200 pA that desensitize within 100 ms. Kainate as agonist produced higher steady-state currents but no transient currents. After incubation of the cells with dopamine for 3 min, the desensitization was significantly reduced and the agonists L-glutamate, quisqualate, or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid induced steady-state currents with amplitudes that were similar to the previously observed transient currents. Kainate-induced currents were only slightly affected. Fast desensitizing currents upon fast application of L-glutamate were also recorded from outside-out patches that were excised from horizontal cells before incubation with dopamine. The currents from excised patches desensitized to a steady-state level of about 0.2 of the peak amplitude with time constants of less than 2 ms. When the outside-out patches were excised from cells after dopamine incubation, steady-state currents were enhanced and no transient currents were observed. The results may indicate that the dopamine-dependent modulation of glutamate-induced currents, which is presumably mediated by a protein phosphorylation, is due to an alteration of the desensitization of the glutamate receptors.
Wettability Alteration for Water-Block Prevention in High-Temperature Gas Wells (2006)

Abstract This paper presents the development of a chemical system for water-block prevention in gas/condensate wells. The chemical system alters the formation wettability to intermediate gas wet conditions thereby decreasing the capillary forces and enhancing the clean up of trapped water at low drawdown pressures. Five different chemicals (A1-A5) are evaluated in this study for their ability to prevent water block formation at high temperature. Adsorption/desorption characteristics of these chemicals and temperature stability are also investigated for long-term prevention of water blocks. Contact angle and air-brine imbibition tests are conducted to determine wettability alteration before and after treatment with the chemicals. The results show that chemical A5 gives the best wettability alteration at high temperature with minimum formation damage. The improvement in water block removal after treatment with A5 is tested by injecting gas into brine-saturated cores at different pressure gradients and measuring volume of displaced brine. Higher volumes of brine clean up and lower flow initiation pressure gradient are observed after the treatment.
Manufacturing Techniques for Free-Space Combiner Optics (2020)

As today’s optical engineer’s creativity has no limit in AR/VR optics design, freeform optics, especially in waveguide form, can be highly complex, with multiple separate surfaces, each to be manufactured and aligned with great precision.
Modelling the inhomogeneous SiC Schottky interface (2013)

For the first time, the I-V-T dataset of a Schottky diode has been accurately modelled, parameterised, and fully fit, incorporating the effects of interface inhomogeneity, patch pinch-off and resistance, and ideality factors that are both heavily temperature and voltage dependent. A Ni/SiC Schottky diode is characterised at 2 K intervals from 20 to 320 K, which, at room temperature, displays low ideality factors (n &amp;lt; 1.01) that suggest that these diodes may be homogeneous. However, at cryogenic temperatures, excessively high (n &amp;gt; 8), voltage dependent ideality factors and evidence of the so-called “thermionic field emission effect” within a T0-plot, suggest significant inhomogeneity. Two models are used, each derived from Tung's original interactive parallel conduction treatment of barrier height inhomogeneity that can reproduce these commonly seen effects in single temperature I-V traces. The first model incorporates patch pinch-off effects and produces accurate and reliable fits above around 150 K, and at current densities lower than 10−5 A cm−2. Outside this region, we show that resistive effects within a given patch are responsible for the excessive ideality factors, and a second simplified model incorporating these resistive effects as well as pinch-off accurately reproduces the entire temperature range. Analysis of these fitting parameters reduces confidence in those fits above 230 K, and questions are raised about the physical interpretation of the fitting parameters. Despite this, both methods used are shown to be useful tools for accurately reproducing I-V-T data over a large temperature range.
Abstract TMP19: Atn-161 Prevents α5 Integrin-mediated Tight Junction Disruption Caused By Sars-cov-2 And Its Delta Variant In Brain Endothelial Cells (2022)

Patients with significant cerebrovascular comorbidities (e.g. brain ischemia, vascular dementia) are more affected and are more likely to have worsened post-acute neurologic sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may be due to viral invasion and propagation in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Viral spike protein used to bind and infect host cells encodes an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif that it may use to bind integrins cell receptors that play an important role in cerebrovascular integrity. Therefore, integrins may represent an acute and post-acute SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic target. However, the interplay between vascular dysregulation, integrin function, and COVID-19 is unclear. As we have previously demonstrated that activation of the integrin α5 plays a key role in BBB breakdown, stroke injury, OGD/R, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its inhibition with the clinically validated peptide ATN-161 is therapeutic in these conditions, we hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 alters BEC α5 integrin (and associated tight junction protein) expression as a means of infecting and altering cerebrovascular integrity, and this can be prevented by ATN-161. Methods: Mouse BECs (bEnd3) were inoculated with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (Isolate USA-WA1/2020) or delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for 24 h then later exposed to hypoxia for 6h to model the effects of in vivo pulmonary infection. Cells were pretreated with ATN-161 (1, 5, and 10μM) 1h before SARS-CoV-2 challenge and during hypoxia. α5 and claudin-5 proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results: Both SARS-CoV-2 inoculations induced integrin α5 and decreased claudin-5 expression (delta &gt; SARS-CoV-2) in a dose-dependent fashion, although higher doses of SARS-CoV-2 (2.5 and 5 μg) had no effect on these proteins. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein challenge at 0.5 μg followed by hypoxia resulted in increased α5 and decreased claudin-5 expression in either hypoxia or SARS-CoV-2+hypoxia combination. ATN-161 (10μM) pretreatment inhibited SARS-CoV-2+hypoxia-induced α5 upregulation and restored claudin-5 loss. In addition to its demonstrated anti-viral effects, ATN-161 may be an important therapy for SARS-CoV-2-mediated cerebrovascular injury.
Phenylsulfonyl Ene−Allenes as Efficient Precursors to Bicyclic Systems via Intramolecular [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition Reactions (2003)

Various phenylsulfonyl allene derivatives were prepared with double bonds tethered either to the α-position or the γ-position of the allene. These substrates underwent a highly regio- and stereospecific thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition across the nonactivated cumulene double bond, forming distal cycloadducts (i.e., 57) in the case of α-tethered allenes and proximal adducts (i.e., 25) in the case of γ-tethered allenes. The mechanistic rationale for the observed stereospecificity involves initial diradical formation, followed by a rapid ring closure to the more stable cis-fused ring system. The tether may be equipped with heteroatoms, allowing for the formation of fused heterocycles (e.g., 61), and the cycloaddition can be facilitated by the introduction of sterically bulky groups and/or by conformational rigidity to the tether. Other modes of cyclization were observed in the presence of sodium benzenesulfinate or Lewis acids, in which cases polar mechanisms prevail. The chemoselectivity is reversed for [4 + 2]-cycloadditions, which prefer instead to engage the vinyl sulfone moiety, independent of whether the tether is attached to the α- or γ-position of the allene.
Yellow photoluminescence in MOCVD-grown n-type GaN (1998)

The near-band gap and the 'yellow' optical transitions in n- type GaN grown by MOCVD have been studied by photoluminescence experiments. The excitation density ranged from 5 X 10<SUP>-6</SUP> W/cm<SUP>-2</SUP> to 50 W/cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. The UV PL intensity increases linearly in the entire range of excitation density. The yellow PL intensity exhibits a linear dependence oat low excitation densities and a square-root dependence at high excitation densities. A theoretical model is developed describing the intensity of the two radiative transition between continuum states and one defect level deep in the band gap as a function of the excitation density, free carrier and defect concentrations. The calculated dependences of the two luminescence channels follow power laws with exponents of 1/2 and 1 depending on excitation density. These dependences are in very good agreement with experimental results. The measured intensity of the yellow luminescence does not saturate at high excitation densities. This rules out the possibility that the yellow PL could arise from a sequential transition via two deep levels in the gap. It is shown that the intensity modulation that frequently appears in the PL spectra is caused by a micro-cavity which is formed by the semiconductor-substrate and semiconductor-air interfaces. Finally, the dependence of the yellow luminescence intensity on n-type doping concentration indicates that the deep center causing the yellow luminescence is an acceptor-like level.
Communication and Inventory as Substitutes in Organizing Production (1988)

Paul Milgrom, John Roberts, Communication and Inventory as Substitutes in Organizing Production, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 90, No. 3, Information and Incentives. Vol. 1: Organizations and Markets (Sep., 1988), pp. 275-289
ChemInform Abstract: New Bioactive Cyclopentenone Derivatives as Inhibitors of the IL‐6 Dependent Signal Transduction. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Q-switch operation of thulium and holmium-doped YAG ceramic laser at room temperature (2008)

Polycrystalline ceramic with activator ions has already become popular material as laser medium. In this study, composite type rod which consisted with doped- and undoped-YAG sections was prepared for the laser experiments. By the improvement of pumping chamber, pulse energy of 930 mJ was obtained from oscillator with TEM00 in normal pulse mode at 10 Hz at room temperature. Giant pulse generation was carried out by inserting an AO Q-switch into the laser cavity. Because of the limitation of surface damage thresholds on the laser rod and the mirrors, the maximum output energy up to 21 mJ was obtained.
RGB-NIR active gated imaging (2016)

This paper presents multispectral active gated imaging in relation to the transportation and security fields. Active gated imaging is based on a fast gated camera and pulsed illuminator, synchronized in the time domain to provide range based images. We have developed a multispectral pattern deposited on a gated CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) with a pulsed Near Infrared VCSEL module. This paper will cover the component-level description of the multispectral gated CIS including the camera and illuminator units. Furthermore, the design considerations and characterization results of the spectral filters are presented together with a newly developed image processing method.
Epigenomic Inactivation of RasGAPs Activates RAS Signaling in a Subset of Luminal B Breast Cancers (2017)

Invasion and metastasis of a subset of aggressive luminal B breast cancers is driven by the concomitant inactivation of the RasGAPs DAB2IP and RASAL2. Inactivation of both proteins increases RAS activity and drives invasion, whereas inactivation of DAB2IP specifically promotes NF-κB-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 131-3. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Olsen et al., p. 202.