gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Signaling Aberrations in Macronodular Adrenal Disease (2002)

The adrenal glands are a major source of steroid hormone biosynthesis. In normal physiology, the pituitary hormone corticotropin (ACTH) regulates the secretion of glucocorticoids via its G protein-coupled receptor (ACTHR), the product of the MC2R gene. Aldosterone is another major product of the adrenal gland; its regulation is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin system, although ACTH plays a role, too, especially under certain pathological conditions. The adrenal gland also secretes lesser amounts of androgens and intermediate metabolites of all these steroids. Unregulated secretion of any of these hormones can be caused by tumors, adrenocortical adenomas or carcinomas, and/or bilateral (or, rarely, unilateral) hyperplasia. Cortisol-producing hyperplasia of the adrenal glands is caused by two distinct syndromes, both of which have been directly or indirectly associated with protein kinase A signaling: (i) primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) (a micronodular form of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia), either isolated (rarely) or in the context of Carney complex, is caused (in most cases) by mutations of the PRKAR1A gene; and (ii) ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH), or massive macronodular adrenal disease (MMAD), has been associated with aberrant (ectopic) expression, and presumably regulation, of various G protein-coupled receptors. AIMAH is a rare, sporadic condition affecting predominantly middle-aged men and women with an almost equal ratio (the latter in contrast to other forms of endogenous Cushing's syndrome). Some familial cases of AIMAH have also been described, and it appears that the pathophysiological phenomena underlying AIMAH may be present in the far more common, sporadic adrenocortical tumors and, perhaps, in the nodular growth detected in the adrenal glands of the elderly in the general population. Thus, the study of ectopic receptor expression and cAMP-dependent PKA activity in AIMAH may have wider implications for adrenal and, indeed, endocrine tumorigenesis.
Delayed progression of a murine retrovirus-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in X-linked immunodeficient mice. (1993)

The murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) caused by defective LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is a disease that shows severe immunodeficiency with abnormal lymphoproliferation, and hypergammaglobulinemia in susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) mice. To examine the cellular mechanisms of development of MAIDS, we injected LP-BM5 MuLV intraperitoneally into B6 mice bearing the X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency (xid). xid mice lack functionally mature B cells including Ly-1 B cells (also known as B-1 cells). All B6 mice died by 20 wk after LP-BM5 MuLV inoculation. In marked contrast, xid mice have continued to survive without any sign of MAIDS-related symptoms till at least 20 wk after the inoculation. The delayed progression of MAIDS in xid mice appears to depend on xid mutation, according to our experiments using both sexes of (B6.xid x B6)F1 and (B6 x B6.xid)F1 mice. Furthermore, Ly-1 B cells, enriched by a FACS, were shown to integrate the defective genome and appeared to be a major virus-infected B cell population. Our data corroborate that Ly-1 B cells play an important role in the induction and progression of MAIDS.
Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium (2017)

Abstract Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the ENIGMA consortium presents the largest ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and brain size (indexed by intracranial volume). Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets ( N = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing modest but highly reliable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified, and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Significance Statement Left-right asymmetry is a key feature of the human brain's structure and function. It remains unclear which cortical regions are asymmetrical on average in the population, and how biological factors such as age, sex and genetic variation affect these asymmetries. Here we describe by far the largest ever study of cerebral cortical brain asymmetry, based on data from 17,141 participants. We found a global anterior-posterior 'torque' pattern in cortical thickness, together with various regional asymmetries at the population level, which have not been previously described, as well as effects of age, sex, and heritability estimates. From these data, we have created an on-line resource that will serve future studies of human brain anatomy in health and disease.
THE HPCMP CREATE™-GV PROGRAM, SOFTWARE, DEVELOPMENT, AND APPLICATIONS (2017)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environments – Ground Vehicles (CREATE™-GV) Program is a software development effort to create government-owned scientific High Performance Computing (HPC) code for the next generation of mobility analysis tools. The HPCMP CREATE™-GV software consists of three main components: the Ground Vehicle Interface – a web-based interface for interacting with the HPCMP CREATE™-GV tools on the HPC; Mobility Analysis Tool (MAT) – computing tactical mobility performance of ground vehicles over broad areas of real-world terrain for mission-based performance metrics; and Mercury – a high-fidelity, multi-body physics analysis tool that runs a co-simulation of many components on the HPC, the results of which can then be fed into MAT or exported to trade space tools for further analysis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this paper, we provide an overview of the HPCMP CREATE™-GV program and present details about each of these components, the applications of the software to acquisition efforts, and verification and validation of the software and data involved.&lt;/p&gt;
Reactions of diphenylcyclopropenone and tetracyclones with potassium superoxide (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of diphenylcyclopropenone and tetracyclones with potassium superoxideDouglas C. Neckers and Gerhard HauckCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 24, 4691–4695Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00172a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00172a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cold sintering process: A new era for ceramic packaging and microwave device development (2016)

Abstract Cold sintering process ( CSP ) is an extremely low‐temperature sintering process (room temperature to ~200°C) that uses aqueous‐based solutions as transient solvents to aid densification by a nonequilibrium dissolution‐precipitation process. In this work, CSP is introduced to fabricate microwave and packaging dielectric substrates, including ceramics (bulk monolithic substrates and multilayers) and ceramic‐polymer composites. Some dielectric materials, namely Li 2 MoO 4 , Na 2 Mo 2 O 7 , K 2 Mo 2 O 7 , and (LiBi) 0.5 MoO 4 ceramics, and also (1− x )Li 2 MoO 4 − x PTFE and (1− x )(LiBi) 0.5 MoO 4 − x PTFE composites, are selected to demonstrate the feasibility of CSP in microwave and packaging substrate applications. Selected dielectric ceramics and composites with high densities (88%‐95%) and good microwave dielectric properties (permittivity, 5.6‐37.1; Q × f , 1700‐30 500 GH z) were obtained by CSP at 120°C. CSP can be also used to potentially develop a new co‐fired ceramic technology, namely CSCC . Li 2 MoO 4 −Ag multilayer co‐fired ceramic structures were successfully fabricated without obvious delamination, warping, or interdiffusion. Numerous materials with different dielectric properties can be densified by CSP , indicating that CSP provides a simple, effective, and energy‐saving strategy for the ceramic packaging and microwave device development.
Discovery of a Novel Polymer for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Multilineage Differentiation (2015)

A scalable and cost-effective synthetic polymer substrate that supports robust expansion and subsequent multilineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with defined commercial media is presented. This substrate can be applied to common cultureware and used off-the-shelf after long-term storage. Expansion and differentiation of hPSCs are performed entirely on the polymeric surface, enabling the clinical potential of hPSC-derived cells to be realized.
Cell Derived Hierarchical Assembly of a Novel Phosphophoryn-Based Biomaterial (2008)

Phosphophoryn (PP) is an acidic phosphoprotein belonging to the small integrin-bindingligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) protein family. PP is highly phosphorylated with approximately 200 phosphates per molecule and has a high affinity for calcium. The aim of this manuscript is to demonstrate that PP has the ability to self-assemble when it is overexpressed in a mammalian cell in the presence of calcium. Our data show that when PP is overexpressed using an adenovirus, the self-assembly occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which contains high calcium concentration. We hypothesize that the physicochemical properties of the highly phosphorylated state and acidic nature of PP are playing an important role in its assembly in the ER. It appears that when a critical concentration of PP is reached, the assembly is then favored and facilitated. This self-assembly could be due to several factors. (1) The ER provides an ideal environment for this phenomenon to occur, since the ER environment usually promotes aggregation [Stevens and Argon: Semin Cell Dev Biol 1999;10:443–454]. (2) In addition to PP’s physicochemical properties, the unfolded protein response could also be playing a role in this self-assembly [Schroder and Kaufman: Mutat Res 2005;569:29–63]. Unfolded protein response could be activated by a broad spectrum of insults that result in protein misfolding and ultimately blocking of the protein synthesis progression to the Golgi apparatus resulting in an accumulation of the protein in the ER. In summary, our data show that PP has the ability to self-assemble in a hierarchical manner.
<title>Classification of distorted images by summation kernels</title> (1992)

For planar deformation generated by commutative Lie transform groups, there exist integration kernels such that the associated integral transforms are invariant under the deformation, in a similar sense to the action of the Fourier transform on shifted functions. In many applications it is useful to have similar invariant summation kernels for some specific representation coefficients. We derive such summation kernels from the existing integration kernels.
Enemas (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Charge transport across metal/molecular (alkyl) monolayer-Si junctions is dominated by the LUMO level (2012)

We compare the charge transport characteristics of heavy-doped p${}^{++}$- and n${}^{++}$-Si-alkyl chain/Hg junctions. Based on negative differential resistance in an analogous semiconductor-inorganic insulator/metal junction we suggest that for both p${}^{++}$- and n${}^{++}$-type junctions, the energy difference between the Fermi level and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), i.e., electron tunneling, controls charge transport. This conclusion is supported by results from photoelectron spectroscopy (ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, inverse photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy) for the molecule-Si band alignment at equilibrium, which clearly indicate that the energy difference between the Fermi level and the LUMO is much smaller than that between the Fermi level and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Furthermore, the experimentally determined Fermi level - LUMO energy difference, agrees with the non-resonant tunneling barrier height, deduced from the exponential length attenuation of the current.
An Integrated Sequence-Structure Database incorporating matching mRNA sequence, amino acid sequence and protein three-dimensional structure data (1998)

We have constructed a non-homologous database, termed the Integrated Sequence-Structure Database (ISSD) which comprises the coding sequences of genes, amino acid sequences of the corresponding proteins, their secondary structure and straight phi,psi angles assignments, and polypeptide backbone coordinates. Each protein entry in the database holds the alignment of nucleotide sequence, amino acid sequence and the PDB three-dimensional structure data. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences for each entry are selected on the basis of exact matches of the source organism and cell environment. The current version 1.0 of ISSD is available on the WWW at http://www.protein.bio.msu.su/issd/ and includes 107 non-homologous mammalian proteins, of which 80 are human proteins. The database has been used by us for the analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in mRNA sequences showing their correlation with the three-dimensional structure features in the encoded proteins. Possible ISSD applications include optimisation of protein expression, improvement of the protein structure prediction accuracy, and analysis of evolutionary aspects of the nucleotide sequence-protein structure relationship.
Immunochemistry and Polypeptide Composition of Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBc Ag) (1977)

Core particles were isolated from a nuclear extract of a hepatitis B-infected liver labeled with 125I by using chloramine-T and further purified by rate zonal sedimentation on sucrose gradients. Iodinated HBcAg was used as a ligand in a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assay for antibody to HBcAg. The specificity of the RIP reaction was evaluated using defined anti-HBc sera and paired sera from six well-documented cases of hepatitis B infection. The polypeptide composition of the iodinated antigen was examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of solubilized complexes of 125I-HBcAg and anti-HBc. Two major polypeptides with apparent m.w. of 17,000 and 35,000 daltons were observed and designated as cP-1 and cP-2, respectively.
Balloon cryoablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2008)

Catheter ablation has traditionally been performed for atrial fibrillation using a point-by-point ablation approach using radiofrequency energy. There are several inherent limitations of this approach. The efficacy of point-by-point radiofrequency ablation is limited by the rapid formation of oedema, which may potentially reduce lesion penetration, the relatively high incidence of conduction recovery and the inherent inaccuracies of trying to create curvilinear lesions using a technique that was originally developed and used for discrete point ablation. There are also inherent risks using radiofrequency energy in the relatively thin-walled left atrium including the risk of cardiac tamponade due to steam pop phenomenon as well as the risk of injury to adjacent structures including the pulmonary veins (stenosis), oesophagus, nerve plexi, aorta, bronchi, pericardium, phrenic nerve, and lungs.1 Added to these problems is the observation that the procedure is extremely demanding in terms of operator competency and dexterity with a somewhat steep learning curve with better results seen in experienced higher volume centres.1

Given these limitations, it is not surprising that alternative energy sources and delivery platforms are under investigation to more specifically target pulmonary vein muscular sleeves. At present, cryoenergy is the only alternative energy source available in the clinical setting and is probably … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +33 5 57 65 64 71; fax: +33 5 57 65 65 09. E-mail address : pierre.jais{at}chu-bordeaux.fr
Chimeric Arabidopsis thalianaRibulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Containing a Pea Small Subunit Protein Is Compromised in Carbamylation1 (1998)

A cDNA of pea (Pisum sativum L.) RbcS 3A, encoding a small subunit protein (S) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), has been expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and the transcript and mature S protein were detected. Specific antibodies revealed two protein spots for the four Arabidopsis S and one additional spot for pea S. Pea S in chimeric Rubisco amounted to 15 to 18% of all S, as judged by separation on two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels from partially purified enzyme preparations and quantitation of silver-stained protein spots. The chimeric enzyme had 11 +/- 1% fewer carbamylated sites and a 11 +/- 1% lower carboxylase activity than wild-type Arabidopsis Rubisco. Whereas pea S expression, preprotein transport, and processing and assembly resulted in a stable holoenzyme, the chimeric enzyme was reproducibly catalytically less efficient. We suggest that the presence of, on average, one foreign S per holoenzyme is responsible for the altered activity. In addition, higher-plant Rubisco, unlike the cyanobacterial enzyme, seems to have evolved species-specific interactions between S and the large subunit protein that are involved in carbamylation of the active site.
High‐Performance Green OLEDs Using Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with a Power Efficiency of over 100 lm W−1 (2016)

A green organic light-emitting device (OLED) with an extremely high power efficiency of over 100 lm W(-1) is realized through energy transfer from an exciplex. An optimized OLED showed a maximum external efficiency of 25.7%, and a power efficiency of 79.4 lm W(-1) at 1000 cd m(-2) , which is 1.6-times higher than that of state-of-the-art green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs.
In-Gel Stable-Isotope Labeling (ISIL):  A Strategy for Mass Spectrometry-Based Relative Quantification (2005)

Most proteomics approaches for relative quantification of protein expression use a combination of stable-isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. Traditionally, researchers have used difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) from stained 1D and 2D gels for relative quantification. While differences in protein staining intensity can often be visualized, abundant proteins can obscure less abundant proteins, and quantification of post-translational modifications is difficult. A method is presented for quantifying changes in the abundance of a specific protein or changes in specific modifications of a protein using In-gel Stable-Isotope Labeling (ISIL). Proteins extracted from any source (tissue, cell line, immunoprecipitate, etc.), treated under two experimental conditions, are resolved in separate lanes by gel electrophoresis. The regions of interest (visualized by staining) are reacted separately with light versus heavy isotope-labeled reagents, and the gel slices are then mixed and digested with proteases. The resulting peptides are then analyzed by LC-MS to determine relative abundance of light/heavy isotope pairs and analyzed by LC-MS/MS for identification of sequence and modifications. The strategy compares well with other relative quantification strategies, and in silico calculations reveal its effectiveness as a global relative quantification strategy. An advantage of ISIL is that visualization of gel differences can be used as a first quantification step followed by accurate and sensitive protein level stable-isotope labeling and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification.
Ultrasonic evaluation of aging kinetics in amorphous polymer (2022)

The physical aging of amorphous polymers induces changes in material properties, which are challenging to detect in situ in industrial settings. Here, we present a nondestructive nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation technique that enables localized measurements of the combined effects of temperature and time in amorphous polymers, without needing to remove materials. The proposed technique is demonstrated using commercial grade poly(vinyl chloride) samples and is supported by analysis of wave–material interactions. The results show that the physical aging of the polymer is described by the Arrhenius equation with an effective activation energy of 103 kJ/mol over the analyzed temperature range.