gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AutoLoss: Learning Discrete Schedules for Alternate Optimization. (2018)

Many machine learning problems involve iteratively and alternately optimizing different task objectives with respect to different sets of parameters. Appropriately scheduling the optimization of a task objective or a set of parameters is usually crucial to the quality of convergence. In this paper, we present AutoLoss, a meta-learning framework that automatically learns and determines the optimization schedule. AutoLoss provides a generic way to represent and learn the discrete optimization schedule from metadata, allows for a dynamic and data-driven schedule in ML problems that involve alternating updates of different parameters or from different loss objectives. We apply AutoLoss on four ML tasks: d-ary quadratic regression, classification using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP), image generation using GANs, and multi-task neural machine translation (NMT). We show that the AutoLoss controller is able to capture the distribution of better optimization schedules that result in higher quality of convergence on all four tasks. The trained AutoLoss controller is generalizable -- it can guide and improve the learning of a new task model with different specifications, or on different datasets.
Fistulas to the urinary system in Crohn's disease: clinical features and outcomes (2002)

Most reports of fistulas to the urinary system in Crohn's disease are relatively small. We sought to describe the clinical features and outcomes of these patients.A centralized diagnostic index identified all Crohn's disease patients with urinary tract fistulas who were evaluated at our institution between 1976 and 2000. Medical records were abstracted for patient demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnostic tests, and all therapies.A total of 78 patients (56% men) were identified. Patients presented with pneumaturia (68%), dysuria (64%), recurrent urinary tract infections (32%), and fecaluria (28%). Cystoscopy and CT of the abdomen/pelvis had the highest diagnostic yield (74% and 52%, respectively). Fistulas originated from the ileum (64%), colon (21%), rectum (8%), and multiple sites (7%). Urinary tract sites included bladder (88%), urethra (6%), urachus (3%), ureter (1%), and other (1%). Median follow-up was 1.1 yr (0-22.3 yr). A total of 70 patients (90%) had surgery, with medical treatment first attempted in four patients with antibiotics and/or immunosuppressants. One patient had adequate symptom relief without surgery on antibiotic suppression alone. Six patients required a partial cystectomy, but no patient had a cystectomy or nephrectomy. Only three surgical patients had recurrent urinary system fistulas.Urinary tract fistulas in Crohn's disease occurred more often in men. Patients with these fistulas presented with pneumaturia, dysuria, recurrent infections, and fecaluria. The most helpful diagnostic tests were cystoscopy and CT of abdomen/pelvis. Surgery resulted in durable remission. Medical therapy for these fistulas deserves further study.
Effect of solder ball pitch and substrate material of printed wiring board on reliability under thermal cycling - a finite element analysis (2004)

A detailed Finite Element Model was created to study the effect of different parameters, structural and material, on the stresses/strains experienced by the different features in a composite containing chip package/solder ball/PWB, during thermal fatigue (-40/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C). The most prevalent failure mechanisms are the solder-ball failure due to cumulative creep-energy-density of the critical-solder-balls and the rupture of the surface dielectric (HDI Layer) of the PWB due to in-plane tensile strains. This analysis studied the effect of the solder ball pitch (800 /spl mu/m and 500 /spl mu/m) and the material properties of the HDI substrates, on the stresses at the solder balls. In general, a decrease in the BGA pitch increases the cumulative creep strain-energy density at the critical section of the solder ball, by about 50%. That, in turn, will increase the propensity of creep failure of the solder balls under thermal fatigue. Reduction of pitch-size also increased other stresses/strains of the solder balls (e.g. Von Misses stress). These stresses/strains at the solder balls were lower, when the HDI substrate in the PWB had low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The adverse effects of decreasing pitch-size can be compensated by use of a reinforced surface dielectric with low CTE, and thus increase the reliability of the structure under thermal fatigue.
Comparison of the Chemical Biology of NO and HNO: An Inorganic Perspective (2005)

KATRINA M. MIRANDA Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ LISA RIDNOUR, MICHAEL ESPREY, DEBORAH CITRIN, DOUGLAS THOMAS, DANIELE MANCARDI, SONIA DONZELLI, and DAVID A. WINK Tumor Biology Section, Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD TATSUO KATORI, CARLO G. TOCCHETTI, MARCELLA FERLITO, and NAZARENO PAOLOCCI Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD JON M. FUKUTO Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Ex vivo testing of the Quart® arterial line filter (1999)

Arterial line filters are now routinely used in cardiac surgery in order to decrease the microemboli load to the patient. The Quart filter (Jostra, Hirrlingen, Germany) with a new planar construction design, an easy de-airing system and an integrated bypass, was tested for air filtration capacity and resistance to blood path in a standardized setting with surviving animals. Three calves (mean body weight: 71+/-3.4 kg) were connected to a standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit by jugular venous and carotid arterial cannulation with a mean flow rate of 3.5 l/min. The arterial line filter was challenged with upstream injections of boluses of air of 5, 10 and 15 ml, respectively. A Doppler ultrasound was positioned downstream on the arterial line to measure bubble count and size. The pressure drop through the filter was monitored at flow rates of between 1 and 6 l/min. At the end of the procedure the animals were weaned from the CPB and, thereafter, from the ventilator. After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed electively. This study shows that important quantities of air can be injected into the arterial line upstream of the filter with small volumes of small sized bubbles recorded downstream. With the 5 ml air bolus injection, mean values of 0.3+/-0.6 bubbles of 30 and 40 microm were detected, whereas with the 20 ml bolus, 32.6+/-8.7 bubbles of 10 microm, 3.7+/-1.1 bubbles of 30 microm, 3.3+/-0.6 bubbles of 40 microm and 0.7+/-1.1 bubbles of 50 microm were recorded. The blood path resistance at different blood flow rates was well within the acceptable range with a pressure drop of 20+/-0 and 26.6+/-5.7 mmHg at flow rates of 4 and 5 l/min, respectively. With its planar concept, the Quart filter offers good air filtering capacity both in terms of bubble count and size after injection of large boluses of air, without any increase of resistance to the blood path. Moreover, it offers a venting function and an integrated bypass system.
GENETIC VARIATION BETWEEN WOODCHUCK POPULATIONS WITH HIGH AND LOW PREVALENCE RATES OF WOODCHUCK HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION (1987)

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection is known to be endemic in areas of the mid-Atlantic states but is apparently absent from populations in New York and much of New England. Blood samples of 40 woodchucks (Marmota monax) from New York and from Delaware were examined by starch gel electrophoresis, and 18 monomorphic and six polymorphic protein-coding genetic systems were identified. Mendelian inheritance of variants of the six polymorphic systems was confirmed in 52 laboratory offspring of the original samples. Average heterozygosity of 0.066 in New York woodchucks and 0.039 in Delaware woodchucks were high values for mammals, although similar to those of other sciurids. Significant heterogeneity between samples from New York and Delaware woodchucks was observed at two loci (peptidase with glycyl leucine-4 and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase), suggesting that these populations were genetically distinct. Whether there are genetically determined differences in response to WHV infection remains to be determined experimentally.
Performance of novel neutral admittance criterion in MV-feeder earth-fault protection (2009)

This paper describes the fundamentals of the neutral admittance based earth-fault protection. First, the theory is briefly introduced. Secondly, certain improvements to the traditional measuring principle and operation characteristics are suggested. Finally, the performance is evaluated and compared with traditional earth-fault protection schemes using simulated and recorded data. The results show that the neutral admittance criterion has potential to become a standard and widely used earth-fault protection function in high impedance earthed networks. (4 pages)
PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF LYMPHOMA RESPONSE TO IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY CRITERIA (LYRIC) IN GATA TRIAL FROM THE LYSA GROUP (2021)

Introduction: Checkpoint blockade may complicate response assessment by a flare reaction or pseudoprogression (PP). To avoid the mistake of considering a new agent ineffective, it was proposed to add the category “indeterminate response” (IR) to Lugano classification, in the LYmphoma Response to Immunomodulatory Therapy Criteria (LYRIC): 1/ increase in overall tumor burden in the first 12 weeks of therapy, without clinical deterioration (IR1), 2/ development of new lesions without overall progression (IR2), or 3/ increased FDG avidity despite no change in lesion size (IR3). These patterns are defined as progressive metabolic disease (PMD) in the Lugano criteria. A PP was defined as an IR that became a partial or complete metabolic response (PMR or CMR) at next evaluation. The aim of this study is to assess in a practical and prospective manner the LYRIC criteria in relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL and FL treated with atezolizumab, venetoclax and obinutuzumab (GATA trial), and measuring the incidence of PP. Methods: The GATA study is a LYSA sponsored multicenter phase 2 trial (NCT03276468) evaluating the combination of atezolizumab, obinutuzumab and venetoclax in biopsy-confirmed R/R DLBCL and FL patients who failed at least one line of therapy (rituximab and anthracycline containing regimen). Local imaging practitioners used the Lugano and LYRIC classification. Clinical investigators were warned of the possibility of PP, and a coordinating investigator's approval was required before stopping treatment. A centralized imaging review on PET-CT scan was performed at three time points: baseline, cycle 4 (C4, 12 weeks) and cycle 8 (C8, 24 weeks), on Lugano and LYRIC criteria. Conclusions: We observed a low frequency of 3.4% of PP at C4. Interestingly, all IRs at C8 were found to be real PD. Overall, these data are in favor of using the LYRIC classification, but only for early evaluation. EA – previously submitted to EHA 2021. Keywords: PET-CT, Aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.
Photophysics, Electrochemistry and Efficient Electrochemiluminescence of Trigonal Truxene‐Core Dyes (2020)

We synthesized and characterized a series of dyes built from a spirofluorene or truxene core. The quadrupolar spirofluorene system is the initial building unit for the design and preparation of more complex star-shaped dyes consisting of a truxene core bearing three di- or triphenylamine moieties with or without a thiophene connector. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties were first investigated in solution. Structure/activity relationships were derived and rationalized by comparing the quadrupolar system and trigonal truxene-core derivatives using computational studies. The photophysical and redox characteristics are drastically tuned by the introduction of a thiophene bridge and electron-donor substituents at their terminal branches. These comparative studies show the essential role of the stability of both radical cations and anions to obtain efficient ECL dyes. The stabilization of the radicals is directly related to the charge delocalization due to the π-conjugation by the thiophene bridge. The brightest ECL is achieved by annihilation and coreactant (benzoyl peroxide) pathways with the blue-emitting truxene dye, which is 2- and 4.5-times greater than that of the quadrupolar compound and reference [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>2+</sup> emitter, respectively. Such an extensive study on these extended π-conjugated molecules presenting different core structures may guide the design and synthesis of new ECL dyes with a strong efficiency.
The acoustic emissions from single-bubble sonoluminescence (1998)

Detailed measurements of the acoustic emissions from single-bubble sonoluminescence have been made utilizing both a small 200-μm aperture PVDF needle hydrophone, and a focused 10-MHz transducer. Signals obtained with the needle hydrophone show a fast (5.2 ns), probably bandlimited rise time and relatively large pulse amplitude (≈1.7 bar). Below the sonoluminescence threshold, the emissions are observable, but considerably smaller in amplitude (≈0.4 bar). Several signals are observed with the 10-MHz transducer and correspond to acoustic emissions from the bubble during the main collapse, as well as from the rebounds. Experiments reveal that the acoustic emissions occur at or near the minimum bubble radius. Calculations of the peak pressures and pulse widths are compared with experimental data.
Paramagnetic Bis(1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene) Adducts of Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc (1994)

Treatments of activated magnesium and zinc, M*, in THF and of sonified bulk lithium in hexane with 1,4-dizerz-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (Bu'2DAB) afford [M(Bu‘2DAB)2] as triplet, ligand-centered biradicals in the solid state and at low temperature in solution (M = Mg (1) (previously studied using EPR), Zn (2)) or a ligand-centered radical ( = Li (3) (gav = 2.0034 in hexane, &lt;z(14NX2) = 4.66 X 10™4 cm™1, a(‘HX2) = 4.90 X 10-4 cm-1, a(7Li) = 1.36X KHcm™* 1)). Reaction of M*/MH2 with Bul2DAB in THF also gives 1 and 2, as do the reactions of MgCl2 and ZnCl2 with 3, and the reaction of 1 with ZnCl2 affords 2. The room-temperature EPR spectrum of 2 displays two signals attributed to cation/anion ligand-centered radicals, [M(Bul2DAB)2]+[M(Bu'2DAB)2]™ (gav (1) = 2.0068, ú(14NX2) = 4.66 X 10-4 cm™1, a('HX2) = 6.23 X 10™4 cm™1,gav (2) = 2.0077, e(14NX2) = 4.66 X KH cm™1, a('HX2) = 6.23 X 10™4 cm™1). At low temperature a dipole-dipole-coupled spectrum is observed, affording a distance of 4.75 Á between the electrons each centered on a Bu‘2DAB ligand. In the solid state 1 and 2 have mm crystallographic\nsymmetry, with mainly angular distortions from regular tetrahedral geometry at the metal centers, M-N = 2.070(7), 2.067(7) A, (1), 1.999(4), 2.013(4) A, (2), N-M-N = 82.1(3), 82.4(3)° (1), 84.8(2), 84.7(2)° (2), whereas 3 has angular and bond distance tetrahedral distortions, in accordance with the metal center being bound by a radical anion bidentate ligand, Li-N(mean) = 1.995 A (N-Li-N = 88.3(3)°), and a neutral bidentate ligand, Li-N(mean) = 2.141 A (N-Li-N = 79.5(2)°). Crystal data (Mo , X = 0.710 69 A): 1, orthorhombic, space group Ibmm, a = 12.063(1) A, b = 14.266(2) A, c = 14.252(3) A, V = 2452.8(7) A3 45, Z = 4, R = 0.051; 2, orthorhombic, space group Ccmm, a = 12.388(3) A , b = 14.225(3) A, c = 13.705(1) A, V = 2415.2(8) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.036; 3,\nmonoclinic, space group P2\\/c, a = 11.671(7) A, b = 10.598(1) A, c = 20.026(1) A, ß = 104.60(3)°, V = 2397(2) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.056.
Einfluß histologisch nachgewiesener entzündlicher Prostataveränderungen auf Serumkonzentrationen des prostataspezifischen Antigens (PSA) (2008)

Bei 257 wegen benigner Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) erstmals transurethral resezierter Patienten wurde untersucht, inwieweit histologisch nachgewiesene, klinisch inapparent verlaufende Begleitentzündungen der Prostata zu präoperativ signifikanten Veränderungen der PSA-Serumkonzentrationen führen. Die PSA-Bestimmungen erfolgten mit dem Tandem®-E-PSA-Assay, statistische Analysen mit dem Mann-Whitney-Test. Bei 80 % der wegen BPH transurethral resezierten Patienten fanden sich histologisch nachgewiesene Begleitinflammationen unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes im BPH-Resektat. Korrelationen präoperativer PSA-Werte mit histologischen Befunden zeigten, daß im Vergleich zur BPH ohne Begleitentzündung bereits leichte prostatitische Veränderungen zu einer signifikanten PSA-Erhöhung führen. Bei 19,5 % der wegen BPH transurethral resezierten Patienten fanden sich wegen Begleitprostatitiden im Resektatmaterial PSA-Serumkonzentrationen <10 ng/ml. Kontrollen 1,1 bis 2,4 Jahre nach transurethraler Resektion ergaben signifikante Abnahmen der PSA-Serumkonzentrationen auf <4 ng/ml. PSA-Werte von Patienten mit inzidenten Prostatakarzinomen unter-schieden sich nicht signifikant von denen mit BPH-Resektaten mit mäßiger und stärker ausgeprägter Prostatitis. Obwohl zwar klinisch inapparent verlaufende Prostatitiden zu Anstiegen der PSA-Werte führen können, sollten bei Patienten mit PSA-Werten > 10 ng/ml, die wegen BPH zur transurethralen Resektion anstehen, präoperativ Prostata-Stanzbiopsien durchgeführt werden, um das mögliche Vorliegen eines Prostatakarzinoms in der präoperativen Diagnostik zu berücksichtigen.
Study of silicon strain in shallow trench isolation (2010)

Raman spectroscopy has been used as a primary tool to measure silicon strain on shallow trench isolation (STI) test structures. Different STI dielectric gap fill materials have been evaluated as well as the effect of tensile and compressive STI liners on silicon strain. It has been shown that both intrinsic stress of thin film dielectric material and STI structure type affect strain in silicon. Ways of generating high stress in silicon are discussed including the effect of the STI chemical vapor deposition liner material on Si strain. Strain simulation data are found to be in reasonably good agreement with the active area silicon. Advantages and limitations of Raman based strain metrology in the semiconductor industry are delineated. The findings have been confirmed electrically on metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor devices with tensile and compressive strains in the STI region. An improvement in p-type field-effect transistor performance has been demonstrated for silicon on insulator devices with tensile dielectric in STI.
A Genome-Wide Association Study for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Macular Degeneration Reveals Novel Loci (2013)

Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the two leading causes of visual loss in the United States. We utilized a novel study design to perform a genome-wide association for both primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and AMD. This study design utilized a two-stage process for hypothesis generation and validation, in which each disease cohort was utilized as a control for the other. A total of 400 POAG patients and 400 AMD patients were ascertained and genotyped at 500,000 loci. This study identified a novel association of complement component 7 (C7) to POAG. Additionally, an association of central corneal thickness, a known risk factor for POAG, was found to be associated with ribophorin II (RPN2). Linked monogenic loci for POAG and AMD were also evaluated for evidence of association, none of which were found to be significantly associated. However, several yielded putative associations requiring validation. Our data suggest that POAG is more genetically complex than AMD, with no common risk alleles of large effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines (2011)

Abstract Review: 95 refs.
Model Driven Security for Agile SOA-Style Environments (2007)

There is evidence that many IT security vulnerabilities are caused by incorrect security policies and configurations (i.e. human errors) rather than by inherent weaknesses in the attacked IT systems. Security administrators need to have an in-depth understanding of the security features and vulnerabilities of a multitude of ever-changing and different IT “silos”. Moreover, in complex, large, networked IT environments such policies quickly become confusing and error-prone because administrators cannot specify and maintain the correct policy anymore. Agile service oriented architecture (SOA) style environments further complicate this scenario for a number of reasons, including: security policies may need to be reconfigured whenever the IT infrastructure gets re-orchestrated; security at the business process management layer is at a different semantic level than in the infrastructure; semantic mappings between the layers and well-adopted standardised notations are not available. This paper explores how the concepts of security policy management at a high, more intuitive (graphical) level of abstraction and model-driven security (tied in with model driven software engineering) can be used for more effective and simplified security management/enforcement for the agile IT environments that organisations are faced with today. In this paper, we illustrate in SecureMDA™ how model driven security can be applied to automatically generate security policies from abstract models. Using this approach, human errors are minimised and policy updates can be automatically generated whenever the underlying infrastructure gets re-orchestrated, updated etc. The generated security policies are consistent across the entire distributed environment using the OpenPMF policy management framework. This approach is better than having administrators go from IT system to IT system and change policies for many reasons (including security, cost, effort, error-proneness, and consistency). The paper also outlines why meta-modelling and a flexible enforcement plug-in model are useful concepts for security model flexibility.
16‐1: Low‐Power Oxide‐Semiconductor Display System (2017)

An oxide semiconductor (OS) display system built with normally‐off devices, nonvolatile OS LSI and an OS display, is proposed. The power consumption of the system is reduced by the nonvolatile OS LSI performing power gating without vanishing setting data when the OS display is in an idling stop (IDS) mode.
Iodine! (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIodine!Stephen W. Wright View Author Information Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2009, 86, 10, 1137Publication Date (Web):October 1, 2009Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 2009Published inissue 1 October 2009https://doi.org/10.1021/ed086p1137RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views759Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (119 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Elements,Iodine Get e-Alerts