gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of high-performance silicon microchannel heat exchangers for laser diode array cooling (1988)

A heat exchanger package has been demonstrated for semiconductor laser arrays using silicon microstructures with water as the coolant. A thermal impedance of 0.04 °C cm2/W has been achieved for a single linear bar. This design makes use of efficient, edge-emitting laser diode arrays in a rack and stack architecture combined with a high-performance silicon microchannel structure to allow cw operation. The architecture can be scaled to large areas and we project a thermal impedance of 0.09 °C cm2/W for close-packed two-dimensional arrays on this device.
Molecular tailoring of thermoreversible copolymer gels: Some new mechanistic insights (1998)

We earlier reported the role of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions on the transition temperatures of thermoreversible copolymer gels. We show here that the chemical structure of the hydrophobe and its concentration determine the transition temperatures [lower critical solution temperature (LCST)] and the heat of transition of new hydrophobically modified poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) [PNIPAm] copolymer gels. The gels, prepared by copolymerizing NIPAm monomer with hydrophobic comonomers containing increasing lengths of alkyl side groups and a terminal carboxyl acid group, showed lower LCST and lower heat of transition when compared to pure PNIPAm gel. The experimental results were also compared with theoretical calculations based on a lattice-fluid-hydrogen-bond [LFHB] model. We show experimentally and theoretically that a linear correlation exists between the transition temperature and length of the hydrophobic alkyl side group. Also, in apparent contradiction to previous work, we found a reduction in the heat of transition with increasing hydrophobicity. We propose that the presence of the terminal carboxyl acid group on the hydrophobic side chain of the comonomer prevents the association of water molecules around the hydrophobe, thereby causing a reduction in the heat of transition. The LFHB model supports this argument.
Nrf2 Activation as a Key Event Triggered by Skin Sensitisers: The Development of the Stable KeratinoSens Reporter Gene Assay (2016)

The 21st century paradigm for toxicology and the adverse outcome pathway concept envisage a future toxicology largely based on mechanistic in vitro assays and relying mainly on cellular models. In the skin sensitisation field, this concept was not intuitive at the beginning. Given the high structural diversity of skin sensitising molecules, classical receptor binding as the molecular initiating event in a cell-based assay could be excluded from the start, leaving the question of how cells could sense potential skin sensitising chemicals and be able to differentiate them from non-sensitisers. When we entered this field in 2006, we realised that, in another emerging field of toxicology, detailed work on the antioxidant/electrophile sensing pathway Keap1/Nrf2/ARE was being performed. We postulated that, based on their intrinsic electrophilicity, a large structural variety of skin sensitisers would activate this pathway. This was demonstrated in a preliminary pilot study with an existing, breast cancer-derived reporter cell line. Broader confirmation of this initial hypothesis then came from a multitude of genome-wide studies, in which sensitiser-induced changes to the transcriptome were investigated. The results showed that this regulatory pathway is indeed the most common regulatory pathway activated by sensitisers at the gene expression level, and the underlying event in keratinocytes has become formalised as a Key Event in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Adverse Outcome Pathway for sensitisation. These studies led to the development of the KeratinoSens® assay, which became the first cell-based in vitro test for skin sensitisation to be endorsed by a European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) statement and an OECD Test Guideline. More recently, a number of studies have further developed this approach into 3-D skin models. Here, we review the underlying mechanism and the development of the KeratinoSens assay. We also present data on the stability of the assay over time, which is a key requirement for a cell-based biological assay to be endorsed in a regulatory context.
Limits of Extramobile and Intramobile Motion of Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms (2020)

Abstract Mechanisms that can both deploy and provide motions to perform desired tasks offer a multifunctional advantage over traditional mechanisms. Developable mechanisms (DMs) are devices capable of conforming to a predetermined developable surface and deploying from that surface to achieve specific motions. This paper builds on the previously identified behaviors of extramobility and intramobility by introducing the terminology of extramobile and intramobile motions, which define the motion of developable mechanisms while interior and exterior to a developable surface. The limits of motion are identified using defined conditions. It is shown that the more difficult of these conditions to kinematically predict may be treated as a non-factor during the design of cylindrical developable mechanisms given certain assumptions. The impact of toggle positions for each case is discussed. Physical prototypes demonstrate the results.
A Method for Goal Model Repair Based on Process Mining (2019)

In order to keep up with a changing business environment, organizations need to understand their current business processes and business goals. The business process model and the goal model are complementary elements and are effective means for describing the present state of the organization. There are various methods to repair these models, but in order to analyze the current state of the organization, it is necessary to analyze not only these conceptual models but also logs of organizational daily operations. Although process mining is an effective means, there is no established technique for repairing both goal models and business process models according to logs. In this paper, we propose a pattern-based method to repair goal models dealing with the repair of business process models. By doing so, it is possible to analyze the current situation of business processes and business goals while maintaining the relationship between the goal model and the business process model. We represented the effectiveness of our method by carrying out a case study.
Analysis and Design Considerations of a Contactless Magnetic Plug for Charging Electric Vehicles Directly From the Medium-Voltage DC Grid With Arc Flash Mitigation (2020)

Electric vehicle charging has shifted to higher voltages to achieve higher power for more rapid charging capabilities. This article provides a contactless magnetic plug solution that enables medium-voltage grid connections for electric vehicle charging to achieve 3.5-kVDC-to-400-VDC, 150-kW rapid charging capabilities. This novel magnetic plug improves upon existing electric vehicle charging solutions by guaranteeing safe operation and connection through galvanic and physical separation from the medium-voltage side. It achieves this with a gap and barrier in the transformer core. We introduce a unique asymmetry in the core to localize parasitic capacitance, fully separating the medium- and low-voltage regions. This approach eliminates arcing risk and allows rapid charging capabilities to be delivered to the general public. This gapped core constitutes the plug action of our proposed charging system. We present solutions for the unique challenges of this solution through a detailed analysis of the magnetic design. We confirm this analysis in finite-element analysis and experimentation. The solution is verified through a scaled laboratory prototype of 20 kW, 1 kVDC to 50 VDC that is representative of the proposed 150-kW design. We demonstrate safe, arc-free, disconnection in included active content, a new solution for high-power electric vehicle rapid charging.
c‐Kit immunophenotyping and metalloproteinase expression profiles of mast cells in interstitial lung diseases (2005)

Diverse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) demonstrate mesenchymal infiltration by an abundance of activated mast cells whose role in parenchymal fibrogenesis remains unclear. Since mast cells differentiate in a dynamic, tissue-specific manner via signals transduced by c-Kit receptor, we examined the effect of ILD microenvironments on c-Kit expression and metalloproteinase phenotypes of mesenchymal mast cell populations. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses characterized surface expression of c-Kit on mast cells in tissues obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, sarcoidosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, thus identifying a unique immunophenotype not shared by normal lung mast cells. Isolation of c-Kit+/FcepsilonRI+/CD34- mast cells via immunocytometric sorting of heterogeneous cell populations from mechanically disaggregated lung tissues permitted analysis of gene expression patterns by two-step real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional profiling identified expression of c-Kit and the neutral serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, establishing the identity of sorted populations as mature mast cells. Mast cells harvested from ILD tissues demonstrated characteristic metalloproteinase phenotypes which included expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-9, -10, and -17. Immunohistochemical co-localization guided by gene profiling data confirmed expression of chymase, MMP-1, and ADAM-17 protein in subpopulations of mast cells in remodelling interstitium. Gene profiling of harvested mast cells also showed increased transcript copy numbers for TNFalpha and CC chemokine receptor 2, which play critical roles in lung injury. We conclude that ILD microenvironments induce unique c-Kit receptor and metalloproteinase mast cell phenotypes.
Supplementary Figure 10 from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 10 from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1
Effects of menopause on brain structural changes in schizophrenia (2013)

Differential morphological alterations between postmenopausal and premenopausal schizophrenia patients were observed, suggesting that the female hormone plays a protective role against schizophrenia.
Derivation of corneal endothelial cells from hNCCs. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A) Schematic protocol for the induction of corneal endothelial cells. B) Phase contrast images of cells before (D8) and after (D19) the induction. Scale bar, 200 µm. C) The expression of ZO-1 in cells at D12. Cells were stained with an antibody against ZO-1. D) The mRNA expression of corneal endothelial cell marker genes. RNAs were extracted from cells at D10, D12, and D15. The expression level of each gene was demonstrated as a relative value using the value in human primary corneal endothelial cells as 1.0. Average ± SD. N = 3, technical triplicate. We performed this CEC induction twice and confirmed its reproducibility.&lt;/p&gt;
Working Overtime: Patterns of Smartphone and PC Usage in the Day of an Information Worker (2009)

Abstract. Research has demonstrated that information workers often manage several different computing devices in an effort to balance convenience, mobility, input efficiency, and content readability throughout their day. The high portability of the mobile phone has made it an increasingly valuable member of this ecosystem of devices. To understand how future technologies might better support productivity tasks as people transition between devices, we examined the mobile phone and PC usage patterns of sixteen information workers across several weeks. Our data logs, together with follow-up interview feedback from four of the participants, confirm that the phone is highly leveraged for digital information needs beyond calls and SMS, but suggest that these users do not currently traverse the device boundary within a given task.
Diel variations of H2O2 in Greenland: A discussion of the cause and effect relationship (1995)

Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) measurements at Summit, Greenland, in May–June, 1993 exhibited a diel variation, with afternoon highs typically 1–2 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and nighttime lows about 0.5 ppbv lower. This variation closely followed that for temperature; specific humidity exhibited the same general trend. During a 17‐day snowfall‐free period, surface snow was accumulating H 2 O 2 , apparently from nighttime cocondensation of H 2 O and H 2 O 2 . Previous photochemical modeling (Neftel et al., 1995) suggests that daytime H 2 O 2 should be about 1 ppbv, significantly lower than our measured values. Previous equilibrium partitioning measurements between ice and gas phase (Conklin et al., 1993) suggest that air in equilibrium with H 2 O 2 concentrations measured in surface snow (15–18 μM) should have an H 2 O 2 concentration 2–3 times what we measured 0.2–3.5 m above the snow surface. A simple eddy diffusion model, with vertical eddy diffusion coefficients calculated from balloon soundings, suggested that atmospheric H 2 O 2 concentrations should be affected by any H 2 O 2 degassed from surface snow. However, field measurements showed the absence of either high concentrations of H 2 O 2 or a measurable concentration gradient between inlets 0.2 and 3 m above the snow. A surface resistance to degassing, that is, slow release of H 2 O 2 from the ice matrix, is a plausible explanation for the differences between observations and modeled atmospheric profiles. Degassing of H 2 O 2 at a rate below our detection limit would still influence measured atmospheric concentrations and help explain the difference between measurements and photochemical modeling. The cumulative evidence suggests that surface snow adjusts slowly to drops in atmospheric H 2 O 2 concentration, over timescales of at least weeks. The H 2 O 2 losses previously observed in pits sampled over more than 1 year are thought to have occurred later in the summer or fall, after the May–July field season.
Determination of free carrier density and space charge layer variation in nanocrystalline In3+ doped tin oxides using Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (2006)

A correlation between the surface reactions and the electrical response of doped nano-metal-oxide-semiconductors exposed to reducing gas is established using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of processing temperature on the microstructure evolution and the electronic conduction of the nanocrystalline In–SnO2 is presented. Variation in the charge carrier density is correlated to the solid/gas reaction of In–SnO2 in the nanodomain using the Drude-Zener theory including Spitzer and Fan’s [Phys. Rev. 99, 1893 (1955)] correction to accommodate for the quantum effects. Higher gas sensitivity for nanocrystalline size less than twice the space charge layer thickness is observed using in situ FTIR.
High Levels of Recombination among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from the Gambia (2011)

We carried out multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on 148 pneumococcal carriage isolates collected from children <24 months old in the Upper River Division, the Gambia. MLST revealed a diverse population. Seventy-six different sequence types (STs) were found, the most common of which were 802 and 919, associated with 23F and 6A serotypes, respectively. Comparison with the MLST database showed that only 11 of the STs found in the present sample had been reported outside Africa. Six STs showed evidence of capsular switching (172, 802, 847, 1730, 1736, and 1737). Serotype switches were confirmed by microarrays that detected capsule genes. Of isolates analyzed by using microarrays, 40/69 (58%) harbored the tetM resistance determinant. A statistical genetic analysis to detect recombination found that 49/144 (34%) isolates showed significant (P<0.05) evidence of admixture, which is greater than that observed in similar samples from the United Kingdom (5%) and Finland (2%). We hypothesize that large amounts of admixture could reflect the high prevalence of multiple carriage in this region, leading to more opportunities for homologous recombination between strains. This could have consequences for the population response to conjugate vaccination.
Biomechanics of Lumbar Cortical Screw–Rod Fixation Versus Pedicle Screw–Rod Fixation With and Without Interbody Support (2012)

Bilateral CS-rod fixation provided about the same stability in cadaveric specimens as PS-rod fixation regardless of the presence of interbody, TLIF, or DLIF support.
Catalytic, Enantioselective Synthesis of Taranabant, a Novel, Acyclic Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inverse Agonist for the Treatment of Obesity (2007)

Chiral amide 1 (MK-0364, taranabant) is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB-1R) inverse agonist indicated for the treatment of obesity. An asymmetric synthesis featuring a dynamic kinetic resolution via hydrogenation for the preparation of the bromo alcohol 5 is disclosed. Conversion of the alcohol intermediate to the chiral amide 1 is accomplished in good overall yield.
Dynamics of the atmospheric pressure diffuse dielectric barrier discharge between cylindrical electrodes in roll-to-roll PECVD reactor (2015)

The high current diffuse dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was operated in a bi-axial cylindrical electrode configuration using nitrogen, oxygen and argon gas flow with the addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor for silica-like film deposition. The behaviour of the transient plasma was visualized by means of fast imaging from two orthogonal directions. The formation and propagation (~3 × 104 m s−1) of lateral ionization waves with the transverse light emission structure similar to the low pressure glow discharge was observed at time scales below 1 µs. Despite plasma non-uniformity at nanosecond time scale the deposition process on the web-rolled polymer results in smooth well adherent films with good film uniformity and excellent gas diffusion barrier properties.
Novel imaging biomarkers predict progression-free survival in stage 3 NSCLC treated with chemoradiation and durvalumab. (2021)

3054 Background: The current management of stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is chemoradiation followed by durvalumab consolidation. There are no robust biomarkers that predict benefit from this regimen. We evaluated the utility of novel imaging biomarkers (radiomics) to distinguish patients with stage III NSCLC who will benefit from treatment from those likely to progress despite therapy. Methods: Patients with stage III NSCLC treated at our center with chemoradiation and durvalumab from July 2017 - July 2019 were identified. We collected patient clinical outcomes, subtype of NSCLC, and PD-L1 expression as well as pre-treatment CT images. Images were split into training and test sets. Lung tumors were contoured on 3D-Slicer software and 1542 radiomic features capturing both intra- and peritumoral texture patterns were extracted. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary objective was difference in PFS within high PD-L1 (≥50%) and low PDL1 (&lt;50%) groups. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model to build the radiomic signature for PFS. A risk score was computed according to a linear combination of selected features and their corresponding coefficients. High- and low-risk groups were defined based on median radiomics risk score. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of each factor on PFS. We performed Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests to assess prognostic ability of the features. Results: We identified 118 patients who fit our criteria with available CT images and randomly divided them into a training (n=59) and a test set (n=59). The radiomic risk score was calculated using a linear combination of the top six selected features with corresponding coefficients. In a multivariable analysis using clinicopathologic and radiomic signatures, the radiomics risk-score and PD-L1 expression were found to be significantly associated with PFS in training (risk-score: HR = 2.3, 95% CI: [1.46 – 3.63], P = 0.0003; PD-L1: HR = 0.31, 95% CI: [0.081 – 0.96], P = 0.038) and test sets (risk-score: HR= 2.56, 95% CI: [1.75 – 4], P = 8.7e-05; PD-L1: HR = 0.27, 95% CI: [0.048 – 0.58], P = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed a significantly shorter PFS in the high-risk radiomics group versus the low-risk group (P &lt; 0.0001). The radiomics risk scores were also predictive of significant differences in PFS within both the low (p=0.0005) and high (p=0.0007) PD-L1 groups. Conclusions: Radiomic biomarkers from pre-treatment CT images in stage III NSCLC patients were predictive of PFS to chemoradiation followed by durvalumab and could predict outcomes regardless of PD-L1 level. Pre-treatment radiomics may allow early prediction of benefit and expedite more aggressive treatment for high-risk patients. Additional validation of these imaging biomarkers is warranted.
Early Postoperative Transverse Pelvic Fracture (2005)

To our knowledge, early postoperative transverse pelvic fractures following revision of the acetabular component have not been reported previously. The most likely causes of this complication are further weakening of the remaining pelvic bone stock as a result of the reaming required to obtain a secure fit of a large-diameter hemispherical socket and the cyclic stresses on the weakened bone with resumption of walking. It is unlikely that the fractures occurred intraoperatively because in each case the socket remained well fixed to one of the pelvic fragments.
Collaborative Beamforming Under Localization Errors: A Discrete Optimization Approach (2020)

We consider a network of agents that locate themselves in an environment through sensor measurements and aim to transmit a message signal to a base station via collaborative beamforming. The agents' sensor measurements result in localization errors, which degrade the quality of service at the base station due to unknown phase offsets that arise in the agents' communication channels. Assuming that each agent's localization error follows a Gaussian distribution, we study the problem of forming a reliable communication link between the agents and the base station despite the localization errors. In particular, we formulate a discrete optimization problem to choose only a subset of agents to transmit the message signal so that the variance of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) received by the base station is minimized while the expected SNR exceeds a desired threshold. When the variances of the localization errors are below a certain threshold characterized in terms of the carrier frequency, we show that greedy algorithms can be used to globally minimize the variance of the received SNR. On the other hand, when some agents have localization errors with large variances, we show that the variance of the received SNR can be locally minimized by exploiting the supermodularity of the mean and variance of the received SNR. In numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithms have the potential to synthesize beamformers orders of magnitude faster than convex optimization-based approaches while achieving comparable performances using less number of agents.