gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictable performance for unpredictable workloads (2009)

This paper introduces Crescando: a scalable, distributed relational table implementation designed to perform large numbers of queries and updates with guaranteed access latency and data freshness. To this end, Crescando leverages a number of modern query processing techniques and hardware trends. Specifically, Crescando is based on parallel, collaborative scans in main memory and so-called "query-data" joins known from data-stream processing. While the proposed approach is not always optimal for a given workload, it provides latency and freshness guarantees for all workloads. Thus, Crescando is particularly attractive if the workload is unknown, changing, or involves many different queries. This paper describes the design, algorithms, and implementation of a Crescando storage node, and assesses its performance on modern multi-core hardware.
Nitric Oxide and Heat Shock Protein 90 Activate Soluble Guanylate Cyclase by Driving Rapid Change in Its Subunit Interactions and Heme Content (2014)

The chaperone heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) associates with signaling proteins in cells including soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). hsp90 associates with the heme-free (apo) sGC-β1 subunit and helps to drive heme insertion during maturation of sGC to its NO-responsive active form. Here, we found that NO caused apo-sGC-β1 to rapidly and transiently dissociate from hsp90 and associate with sGC-α1 in cells. This NO response (i) required that hsp90 be active and that cellular heme be available and be capable of inserting into apo-sGC-β1; (ii) was associated with an increase in sGC-β1 heme content; (iii) could be mimicked by the heme-independent sGC activator BAY 60-2770; and (iv) was followed by desensitization of sGC toward NO, sGC-α1 disassociation, and reassociation with hsp90. Thus, NO promoted a rapid, transient, and hsp90-dependent heme insertion into the apo-sGC-β1 subpopulation in cells, which enabled it to combine with the sGC-α1 subunit to form the mature enzyme. The driving mechanism likely involves conformational changes near the heme site in sGC-β1 that can be mimicked by the pharmacologic sGC activator. Such dynamic interplay between hsp90, apo-sGC-β1, and sGC-α1 in response to NO is unprecedented and represent new steps by which cells can modulate the heme content and activity of sGC for signaling cascades.
Chemistry of EPDM cross-linking (2002)

Most EPDM applications require cross-linking, which is commonly achieved via accelerated sulphur vulcanization. Co-agent-assisted peroxide cure is applied for improving the thermal stability and/or the compression set of EPDM. Activated resol cure is only used for the dynamic vulcanization of PP/EPDM blends, i.e. for the production of TPVs. In this paper an overview is given of the chemical structures of the intermediates, the end products and the side products formed upon cross-linking of EPDM. In addition, reaction mechanisms are presented, explaining the various structures formed. (Dis)advantages of the three cross-linking systems are addressed.
MLPerf Mobile Inference Benchmark (2020)

This paper presents the first industry-standard open-source machine learning (ML) benchmark to allow perfor mance and accuracy evaluation of mobile devices with different AI chips and software stacks. The benchmark draws from the expertise of leading mobile-SoC vendors, ML-framework providers, and model producers. It comprises a suite of models that operate with standard data sets, quality metrics and run rules. We describe the design and implementation of this domain-specific ML benchmark. The current benchmark version comes as a mobile app for different computer vision and natural language processing tasks. The benchmark also supports non-smartphone devices, such as laptops and mobile PCs. Benchmark results from the first two rounds reveal the overwhelming complexity of the underlying mobile ML system stack, emphasizing the need for transparency in mobile ML performance analysis. The results also show that the strides being made all through the ML stack improve performance. Within six months, offline throughput improved by 3x, while latency reduced by as much as 12x. ML is an evolving field with changing use cases, models, data sets and quality targets. MLPerf Mobile will evolve and serve as an open-source community framework to guide research and innovation for mobile AI.
617 Development of wearable motion analysis system (2012)

In order to implement an unobstructed assessment of three-dimensional (3D) gait, we developed a mobile force plate and three-dimensional motion analysis system (M3D) to measure triaxial ground reaction forces (GRF) and three-dimensional orientations of feet. Calibration and test experiments were conducted to characterize the developed sensor. To test accuracy of the new measurement system, validation experiments by using reference measurements of a commercially available measurement system were performed in a gait laboratory, where a stationary force plate, a motion capture system based on high-speed cameras and a motion track system of XSENS are adopted to analyze human movements. Experiment results supported that the developed system can be used to measure triaxial GRF and orientations with an acceptable precision during successive walking gait.
Datacatcher: At The New Observatory Exhibition, FACT (2017)

Datacathcer: exhibiting at The New Observatory, FACT, Liverpool. An exhibition to bring together an array of artists and designers exploring new and alternative modes of measuring, predicting and sensing the world
Dynamic nonlinear modeling of interactions between neuronal ensembles using principal dynamic modes (2011)

We present a novel methodology for modeling the interactions between neuronal ensembles that utilizes the concept of Principal Dynamic Modes (PDM) and their associated nonlinear functions (ANF). This new approach seeks to reduce the complexity of the multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) model of the interactions between neuronal ensembles--an issue of critical practical importance in scaling up the MIMO models to incorporate hundreds (or even thousands) of input-output neurons. Global PDMs were extracted from the data using estimated first-order and second-order kernels and singular value decomposition (SVD). These global PDMs represent an efficient "coordinate system" for the representation of the MIMO model. The ANFs of the PDMs are estimated from the histograms of the combinations of PDM output values that lead to output spikes. For initial testing and validation of this approach, we applied it to a set of data collected at the pre-frontal cortex of a non-human primate during a behavioral task (Delayed Match-to-Sample). Recorded spike trains from Layer-2 neurons were viewed as the "inputs" and from Layer-5 neurons as the outputs. Model prediction performance was evaluated by means of computed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The results indicate that this methodology may greatly reduce the complexity of the MIMO model without significant degradation of performance.
Bone Marrow Origin of Cells with Capacity for Homing and Differentiation to Esophageal Squamous Epithelium (2004)

Our goal was to determine whether esophageal progenitor cells could be isolated from adult mouse esophagus or bone marrow and shown to home to and proliferate in the irradiated esophagus of recipient mice. Esophageal progenitor cells were isolated from adult male C3H/HeNsd or C57BL/6J green fluorescent protein (GFP(+)) mice by a serial in vitro preplate technique or the technique of side population cell sorting. When injected intravenously (i.v.), these cells homed to the 30-Gy-irradiated esophagus of GFP(-) female recipient mice and formed donor-origin esophageal foci. GFP(+) whole murine bone marrow cells injected i.v. also formed donor-origin esophageal squamous cell foci and protected recipient GFP(-) mice from upper-body irradiation in a cell dose-dependent manner. Marrow chimeric GFP(-) mice reconstituted with GFP(+) cells showed migration of GFP(+) marrow cells to the esophagus after 30 Gy irradiation. Purified esophageal progenitor cells isolated from first-generation preplate cell recipients engrafted after i.v. injection to the esophagus of second-generation-irradiated recipient mice. These data establish that esophageal progenitor cells can home to the irradiated esophagus and show limited differentiation capacity to squamous epithelium.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Dicationic N,N′-Bridged Bis(benzimidazolium) and Bis(imidazolium) Macrocycles (2001)

Two-step alkylations of benzimidazole, 2-methylbenzimidazole, and imidazole at their nitrogen atoms with various bifunctional alkylating agents have afforded a series of 16-membered quaternary azacyclophanes. Of these macrocycles, those bearing methyl or methoxy groups on the azole or at the aromatic bridges have been found to exist as mixtures of conformers. In some cases, the structures of the conformers have been determined by NMR methods and X-ray crystallography, and have been correlated with the results of a computer-aided conformational search.
Reconfigurable Branch Processing Strategy in Super-scalar Microprocessors (1993)

In this paper, we develop a model for measuring branch performance on super-scalar processors. This model takes the form of CP I equations for different branch processing strategies. This model is the basis for a proposed design wherein the branch processing strategy in a processor can be reconfigured for optimal performance over a varying application load. There are nine parameters which are required to describe performance of a given branch processing method -four are dependent primarily on the processor architecture, two depend on the application program, and three depend primarily on the branch instance. The highest performance branch prediction algorithm can be determined by a combination of application profiling and runtime statistic gathering
Protein Folding in Contact Map Space (1999)

Changing a few contacts in a contact map corresponds to a large scale move in confrontation space; hence, one gains a lot by using the contact map representation for protein folding. We developed an efficient search procedure in the space of physical contact maps, which could identify the native fold as of the lowest free energy, provided on had a free energy function whose ground state is the native map. We prove rigorously that the widely used pairwise contact approximation to the free energy cannot stabilize even a single protein's native map. Testing the native map against a set of decoys obtained by gapless threading, one may be misled to the opposite conclusion.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembled 2D Montmorillonite Dielectrics for Solution‐Processed Electronics (2015)

Layer-by-layer assembled 2D montmorillonite nanosheets are shown to be high-performance, solution-processed dielectrics. These scalable and spatially uniform sub-10 nm thick dielectrics yield high areal capacitances of ≈600 nF cm(-2) and low leakage currents down to 6 × 10(-9) A cm(-2) that enable low voltage operation of p-type semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube and n-type indium gallium zinc oxide field-effect transistors.
Induction of the SOS response in Escherichia coli by azidothymidine and dideoxynucleosides (1990)

A number of nucleosides with anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity were evaluated in two colorimetric (beta-galactosidase) assays for induction of the SOS response in Escherichia coli. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azidothymidine; AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA), 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (ddG), and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) induced cell filamentation (sulA) and prophage lambda in well-agar diffusion and liquid microsuspension assays. AZT was approximately 100 times more potent than the dideoxypurine nucleosides, inducing sulA at less than 100 ng/ml. 2',3'-Dideoxythymidine (ddT) and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (D4T) induced sulA at 100 to 1,000 micrograms/ml, while 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) weakly induced prophage lambda. Activity relationships thus were AZT greater than ddA greater than or equal to ddI greater than or equal to ddG greater than ddT = D4T greater than ddC. ddA and ddI had equivalent activities in agar diffusion assays, but different activity profiles were observed in liquid microsuspension assays. The differences may be related to drug metabolism. AZT and ddA showed marginal effects in a DNA repair (preferential toxicity) assay in which E. coli WP2 and CM871 uvrA recA lexA were used. Furthermore, none of the agents was able to preferentially inhibit Bacillus subtilis M45 recA relative to wild-type strain H17. These data suggest that AZT and the dideoxynucleosides do not cause DNA lesions that are repairable by excision repair and/or error-free postreplication repair processes. Rather, the SOS response appears to be induced by DNA chain termination leading to the inhibition of DNA replication. Bacterial assays for induction of the SOS response may be useful as simple, rapid prescreens for the discovery of new anti-HIV agents. Moreover, such assays may provide an additional parameter in the evaluation of agents with demonstrated activity against HIV and other retroviruses.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Unsaturated Allyl Glycosides as Glycosyl Donors for Selective α‐Glycosylation. (2011)

Abstract In the presence of NBS and Zn(OTf) 2 , the glycosides (I) and (VI) undergo facile and stereospecific α‐glycosylation with a wide range of alcohols.
Damage-free microwave-excited plasma etching without carrier deactivation of heavily doped Si under thin silicide layer (2007)

Microwave-excited high-density plasma etching equipment with a dual shower-plate structure has been developed to overcome various disadvantageous of current reactive-ion etching equipment. Disadvantages include severe charge-up damage, heavy dependence of etching speed on pattern size, and very limited etching conditions, where the plasma uniformity over the entire wafer surface is only maintained for predetermined gas species, gas working pressure, self-bias voltage, and wafer surface patterns and materials. The authors’ new system has been confirmed to be free from charge-up damage, have pattern-size-dependent etching speed, and maintain the plasma uniformity over the entire wafer surface even if gas species, gas working pressure, self-bias voltage, and wafer surface patterns and materials are changed. To establish damage-free contact-hole etching without degradation of contact resistance of source and drain electrodes of metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors, damage of heavily doped Si induced by ion bombardment through the silicide (TaSi2) is investigated by using this new system. Carrier deactivation and Si lattice damage are found at the heavily doped Si layer even by ion-bombardment through the silicide when the energy of the bombarding ions to the wafer surface is larger than the critical value, which depends on gas species and frequency of rf power applied to the wafer electrode. Highly productive damage-free etching has been established for source and drain contact-hole etching by combining high-speed etching and damage-free etching using this new system, where the self-bias voltage is set at high voltages for high-speed etching and decreased to −300to−500V for damage-free etching at the final stage of contact-hole etching. In this new system, the plasma uniformity is widely maintained even if the self-bias voltage is widely varied during processes.
Approaches to the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure (2R,2′R)-(+)-threo-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (2001)

Various approaches to the preparation of enantiomerically pure (2R,2′R)-(+)-threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride (1) are reviewed. These approaches include synthesis using enantiomerically pure precursors obtained by resolution, classical and enzyme-based resolution approaches, enantioselective synthesis approaches, and approaches based on enantioselective synthesis of (2S,2′R)-erythro-methylphenidate followed by epimerization at the 2-position. 1 Introduction 2 Methods for the Enhancement of Enantiomeric Purity of 1 3 Approaches Using Enantiomerically Pure Precursors Obtained by Resolution 4 Classical Resolution Approaches 4.1 Resolution of Amide and Acid Derivatives 4.2 Resolution of (±)-threo-Methylphenidate 5 Enzyme-Based Resolution Approaches 6 Enantioselective Synthesis Approaches 7 Approaches Based on Enantioselective Synthesis of (2S,2′R)-erythro-Methylphenidate and Epimerization 8 Conclusions
Towards a bio-electronic nose: sensing volatiles with rodent olfactory receptor neurons (2010)

The olfactory system, with the olfactory epithelium as the sensory component, allows humans and other mammals to detect odorants and volatiles. This olfactory epithelium comprises olfactory receptor neurons, which are believed to each express only one type of olfactory receptor per cell. The receptors have a limited range of odorants that they can detect, based on the structural features of the odorant molecules. In the olfactory receptor neurons, the chemical stimuli of odorants are converted into neuronal signals, by means of a chemo-electrical transduction cascade. Odorant stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons causes calcium entry through cyclic nucleotide-gated channels via a series of signal transduction components, ultimately leading to an action potential. By reading out these neuronal signals from a culture of olfactory neurons in vitro, a first part of a bio-electronic nose was established. For the culture of these receptor cells, immature neurons, preferably from embryonic origin, are of particular interest as they can differentiate in vitro. Up till now, researchers have mostly used postnatal (newborn to adult) rodents for cultures of olfactory receptor neurons. The gain in receptor neurons was often low because of the high amount of already differentiated neurons in the olfactory epithelium, which are easily damaged during dissection. In this study, a primary culture of E17 embryonic rat olfactory receptor neurons has been established. By means of calcium-imaging techniques with Fluo-4 AM, odor-evoked calcium transients have been observed in the cells. As a control for signal transduction, measurements with cAMP increasing agents proved to also evoke calcium transients. The culture could be maintained for 2 weeks. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated the presence of neurons in the cell culture. This paper also presents the first results on the immobilization the olfactory neurons on micro-electrode arrays (MEA) for the electrical read-out of the neuronal action potentials.
Multifrequency channel decompositions of images and wavelet models (1989)

The author reviews recent multichannel models developed in psychophysiology, computer vision, and image processing. In psychophysiology, multichannel models have been particularly successful in explaining some low-level processing in the visual cortex. The expansion of a function into several frequency channels provides a representation which is intermediate between a spatial and a Fourier representation. The author describes the mathematical properties of such decompositions and introduces the wavelet transform. He reviews the classical multiresolution pyramidal transforms developed in computer vision and shows how they relate to the decomposition of an image into a wavelet orthonormal basis. He discusses the properties of the zero crossings of multifrequency channels. Zero-crossing representations are particularly well adapted for pattern recognition in computer vision.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of Novel Oxindoles as HIV‐1 Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Part 1. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effects of composition and transparency on photo and radioluminescence of Y2O3:Eu complexes (2011)

Abstract A solid state-based method using a hot reaction chamber is applied to the synthesis of Y2O3:Eu particles containing Eu from 0 to 5 mol%. The produced powders are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence tests. TEM and XRD results revealed the powder to be mono-disperse and in the form of a solid solution. The PL of Y2O3:Eu powder depends on both the concentration quenching effect (due to an excess of Eu concentration) and the surface luminescence effect (depicted by a higher surface area induced by the large phosphor concentration in the solution or smaller particle sizes). A 22Na gamma source is used to compare the recorded count rates for four Y2O3:Eu scintillator materials with different concentrations of Eu. Each scintillator composition is examined in four forms: solid pellets with a high volume porosity and three aqueous solutions of Y2O3:Eu particles of the different scintillator materials at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL. The radioluminescence results indicated that increasing the transparency and/or the amount of Eu mol% of the scintillators increases the net average counts. Keywords: photoluminescencegamma radiationradioluminescencenanoparticlesX-ray Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through grant # HDTRA1-08-1-0017 to the University of New Mexico. Additional informationNotes on contributorsC. C. Luhrs Current address: Department of Mechanical, Aerospace Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.
Effects of the 3D sizing of polyacrylonitrile fabric with carbon nanotube–SP1 protein complex on the interfacial properties of polyacrylonitrile/phenolic composites (2015)

Polyacrylonitrile–phenolic composites display excellent in-plane properties but perform poorly when out-of-plane, through-thickness properties are considered. Composite architectures with carbon nanotubes, either dispersed within the matrix or bound to a fabric, in traditional composites have the potential to alleviate this weakness. However, effective reinforcement of composites using carbon nanotubes is difficult, due to poor dispersion and interfacial stress transfer and has thus far been met with limited success and at high costs. This paper describes an innovative and cost-effective technology to improve these inferior mechanical properties by using an exceptionally stable protein, SP1, for CNT attachment to PAN fabric, forming a three-dimensional nano-reinforced structure. This work confirms remarkable improvements in interlaminar shear strength and through-thickness tensile strength of SP1/CNT-reinforced polyacrylonitrile composites.
Ambipolar Property of Isolated Hydrogen in Oxide Materials Revealed by Muon (2021)

The study on the electronic state of muon as pseudo-hydrogen (represented by the elemental symbol Mu) has long been appreciated as one of the few methods to experimentally access the electronic state of dilute hydrogen (H) in semiconductors and dielectrics. Meanwhile, theoretical predictions on the electronic state of H in these materials by first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT) do not always agree with the observed states of Mu, standing as an obstacle to integrating the findings of both Mu and H. In this paper, we provide resolution to this problem by a semi-quantitative model that enables systematic understanding of the electronic states of Mu in most oxides.