gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction of Trifluoroethylamine as Amide Isostere by C–H Functionalization of Heteroarenes (2017)

A direct and efficient introduction of a trifluoroethylamine motif into various heteroaromatic structures, using a readily available xanthate S-[1-(N-acetylamino)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]-O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (5), is reported. Medicinally relevant trifluoroethylaminated heteroarenes containing a wide range of functional groups were successfully synthesized under mild conditions. This amide isostere could be introduced into both electron-rich and -poor heteroarenes to give the desired products in one step. The beneficial effect of camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) was also demonstrated with electron-deficient heteroarenes.
Phase II, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study to Determine the Cantharidin Dose Regimen, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of VP-102 in Subjects with External Genital Warts (2021)

NCT03981822, actual study start date: 25 June, 2019; actual primary completion date: 21 May, 2020; actual study completion date: 8 July, 2020.
High-frequency oscillation of the airway and chest wall. (2002)

High-frequency oscillation (HFO), applied to either the airway or chest wall, has been associated with changes in sputum attributes and clearance. The evolution of evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, supporting the use of HFO is reviewed. Devices that apply HFO to the airway range from the relatively simple mechanical Flutter and Acapella devices to the more complex Percussionaire Intrapercussive Ventilators. and the Hayek Oscillator are designed to provide high-frequency chest wall compression. Operation and use of these devices are described with examples of differentiation of device types by characterization of flows, and airway and esophageal pressures. Although HFO devices span a broad range of costs, they provide a reasonable therapeutic option to support secretion clearance for patients with cystic fibrosis.
Phase I study of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B (2022)

ABSTRACT PTX-COVID19-B mRNA vaccine encodes for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein G614 variant and lacks the proline-proline (986-987 position) mutation present in other COVID-19 vaccines. This Phase 1 observer-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, ascending dose study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two doses of PTX-COVID19-B vaccine in healthy seronegative adults. Participants received two intramuscular doses, 4 weeks apart, of 16-μg, 40-μg, or 100-μg PTX-COVID19-B. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate, self-resolving, and transient. The most common solicited local and systemic adverse event was pain at the injection site and headache, respectively. After the first immunization, all participants seroconverted, producing high titers of anti-receptor-binding-domain, anti-Spike, and neutralizing antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral viral strain and the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants of concern, in a dose-dependent way, further increasing over 10-20 times after the second dose. All tested doses of PTX-COVID19-B were safe, well-tolerated, and provided a strong immunogenicity response. The 40-μg dose showed fewer adverse reactions than the 100-μg dose, supporting further investigation of the 40-μg dose. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04765436 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04765436 )
Functional noble metal nanoparticle superlattices grown at interfaces (2011)

Nanoparticle crystals or superlattices (SLs) are three dimensional arrangements of nanoparticles in the micrometre regime. In SLs, the particles are periodically arranged in a coherent long range order and hence they show collective properties. Various spectroscopic, scattering and imaging techniques have been used to understand the structure of self-assembled SLs. Extensive interest in particle SLs is due to the collective properties of the building blocks, which help us to understand the evolution in properties of organized structures. Controlling the assembly of such organized solids may open up new opportunities for fundamental studies as well as for engineering advanced materials with useful attributes. This review presents our efforts in creating SLs of noble metal nanoparticles and studies performed with those materials.
A Hybrid Radar-Camera Respiratory Monitoring System Based on an Impulse-Radio Ultrawideband Radar (2020)

This paper reports a pilot study of a hybrid radar-camera system that simultaneously monitors the respiration of two subjects. A prototype system was built involving a low-cost impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar module and an optical and depth-sensing camera module. The system detects subjects using the camera and utilizes the distance information acquired to guide the signal processing of the radar. This structure simplifies subject identification and tracking for the radar system, provides further context to the radar, and facilitates the extraction of respiration information. Experiments under different scenarios were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system at different distances and angles from subjects. The localization procedure has an average accuracy of 0.1 m. The respiration rates extracted from the radar are comparable with the values from the reference wearable sensor, reporting an average error of 0.79 respirations per minute (RPM) with a standard deviation of 0.71 RPM. The results suggest that the respiration signals from subjects could be accurately monitored with the presented framework. It is also feasible to monitor two subjects at the same time in most scenarios. The proposed framework shows promising potential to work as a ubiquitous monitoring system for multiple subjects.
Lasers in Chemical Processing (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTLasers in Chemical ProcessingRICHARD L. WOODIN, DAVID S. BOMSE, and GARY W. RICAView Author Information Norton Co. Southwest Sciences Inc. Engelhard Corp.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 51, 20–31Publication Date (Print):December 17, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 17 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v068n051.p020https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n051.p020newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1990 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Lasers Get e-Alerts
New Strobilurins O and P from a Mushroom. (2000)

During screening for nematocidal activities, Mycena galericulata (Scop.: Fv.) S. F. Grey was found to produce toxins active against Caenorhabditis elegans. Two new strobilurins O (1) and P (2) were isolated from the mycelia pp.297 -300 using EtOAcextraction, silica gel column chromatography and preparative silica gel TLCmonitoring of nematocidal activity. In this report we describe fermentation, physicochemical properties, biological activities and structures of the new strobilurins.
SqueezeLight: A Multi-Operand Ring-Based Optical Neural Network With Cross-Layer Scalability (2022)

Optical neural networks (ONNs) are promising hardware platforms for next-generation artificial intelligence acceleration with ultrafast speed and low-energy consumption. However, previous ONN designs are bounded by one multiply–accumulate operation per device, showing unsatisfying scalability. In this work, we propose a scalable ONN architecture, dubbed <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SqueezeLight</monospace> . We propose a nonlinear optical neuron based on multioperand ring resonators (MORRs) to squeeze vector dot-product into a single device with low wavelength usage and built-in nonlinearity. A block-level squeezing technique with structured sparsity is exploited to support higher scalability. We adopt a robustness-aware training algorithm to guarantee variation tolerance. To enable a truly scalable ONN architecture, we extend <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SqueezeLight</monospace> to a separable optical CNN architecture that further squeezes in the layer level. Two orthogonal convolutional layers are mapped to one MORR array, leading to order-of-magnitude higher software training scalability. We further explore augmented representability for <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SqueezeLight</monospace> by introducing parametric MORR neurons with trainable nonlinearity, together with a nonlinearity-aware initialization method to stabilize convergence. Experimental results show that <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SqueezeLight</monospace> achieves one-order-of-magnitude better compactness and efficiency than previous designs with high fidelity, trainability, and robustness. Our open-source codes are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/JeremieMelo/SqueezeLight</uri> .
Alkylidinwolframverbindungen, die an planaren Oberflächen mit vier Sauerstoffatomen verankert sind: erschöpfende Alkylierung eines Calixarenwolframkomplexes (1996)

Verankerung bringt Stabilität. Dies zeigte sich jetzt bei der Protonierung und der Deprotonierung neuartiger Wolframkomplexe. Sie bestehen aus einem Alkylidinwolfram‐Komplexfragment, das an ein Calix[4]aren (im Bild schematisch gezeigt) gebunden ist. Der Rest R am dreifach an Wolfram gebundenen C‐Atom kann Phenyl, n ‐Butyl und Trimethylsilyl sein. magnified image
Yeast heterochromatin regulators Sir2 and Sir3 act directly at euchromatic DNA replication origins (2018)

Most active DNA replication origins are found within euchromatin, while origins within heterochromatin are often inactive or inhibited. In yeast, origin activity within heterochromatin is negatively controlled by the histone H4K16 deacetylase, Sir2, and at some heterochromatic loci also by the nucleosome binding protein, Sir3. The prevailing view has been that direct functions of Sir2 and Sir3 are confined to heterochromatin. However, growth defects in yeast mutants compromised for loading the MCM helicase, such as cdc6-4, are suppressed by deletion of either SIR2 or SIR3. While these and other observations indicate that SIR2,3 can have a negative impact on at least some euchromatic origins, the genomic scale of this effect was unknown. It was also unknown whether this suppression resulted from direct functions of Sir2,3 within euchromatin, or was an indirect effect of their previously established roles within heterochromatin. Using MCM ChIP-Seq, we show that a SIR2 deletion rescued MCM complex loading at ~80% of euchromatic origins in cdc6-4 cells. Therefore, Sir2 exhibited a pervasive effect at the majority of euchromatic origins. Using MNase-H4K16ac ChIP-Seq, we show that origin-adjacent nucleosomes were depleted for H4K16 acetylation in a SIR2-dependent manner in wild type (i.e. CDC6) cells. In addition, we present evidence that both Sir2 and Sir3 bound to nucleosomes adjacent to euchromatic origins. The relative levels of each of these molecular hallmarks of yeast heterochromatin-SIR2dependent H4K16 hypoacetylation, Sir2, and Sir3 -correlated with how strongly a SIR2 deletion suppressed the MCM loading defect in cdc6-4 cells. Finally, a screen for histone H3 and H4 mutants that could suppress the cdc6-4 growth defect identified amino acids that map to a surface of the nucleosome important for Sir3 binding. We conclude that heterochromatin proteins directly modify the local chromatin environment of euchromatic DNA replication origins.
Energy-Efficient Design of Broad Beams for Massive MIMO Systems (2020)

Massive MIMO is a promising air interface technique for 5G wireless communications. Such antennas offers capabilities to utilize channel correlations to create beams suitable for user specific transmissions. Most of the prior research is devoted to user-specific transmission in such systems, where a narrow beam is formed towards a user to improve its reception. Meanwhile, public-channel transmission to multiple users at once by means of broad beams has been understudied. In this paper, we introduce the concept of array-size invariant (ASI) beamforming, enabling generation of broad beams from very large antenna arrays where all elements are transmitting at maximum power. The ASI technique offers the possibility to achieve a perfectly flat array factor by exploiting the additional degree of freedom coming from polarization diversity. The technique is applicable to uniform linear and rectangular arrays and is characterized by low-complexity beam synthesis. The usefulness of the ASI beamforming is illustrated by means of a numerical example showing the design of a cell-specific broad beam for publicchannel transmission in a realistic network deployment.
Polarity effect on failure of Ni and Ni2Si contacts on Si (1997)

Stability of contacts in shallow junction devices against high current density is a reliability issue for very large scale integration technology. We have observed a strong polarity effect on failure at nickel and nickel silicide contacts on both n- and p-type Si under high stress conditions. In a pair of cathode and anode contacts the Ni/n+-Si contact pair fails at the anode, while the Ni/p+-Si pair fails at the cathode. The Ni/Ni2Si/n+-Si and Ni/Ni2Si/p+-Si were found to fail preferentially at the cathode. Microbeam Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles show that a silicide reaction occurs between Ni and Si during current stressing, especially at the failed contacts. In situ resistance data indicate that the resistance of the failed contact increases with time while that of the other contact in the pair remains constant. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the silicide formation is not uniform at the damaged contacts. A mixture of dominant epitaxial NiSi2 and a minor amount of polycrystalline NiSi2 phases was identified. We have proposed mechanisms to explain the polarity effect on failure: wear-out mechanism for the damaged positive contacts of Ni/n+-Si, electromigration enhanced silicide formation for the damaged negative contacts of Ni/Ni2Si/n+-Si and electron-hole recombination mechanism for the damaged negative contacts of Ni/p+-Si and Ni/Ni2Si/p+-Si.
An overview of optical systems for 30 nm resolution lithography at EUV wavelengths (2002)

This paper will present and compare several proposed high numerical aperture Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) projection systems designed for 30 nm resolution.
Quantification of reactive oxygen species production by the red fluorescent proteins KillerRed, SuperNova and mCherry (2019)

ABSTRACT Fluorescent proteins can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon absorption of photons via type I and II photosensitization mechanisms. The red fluorescent proteins KillerRed and SuperNova are phototoxic proteins engineered to generate ROS and are used in a variety of biological applications. However, their relative quantum yields and rates of ROS production are unclear, which has limited the interpretation of their effects when used in biological systems. We cloned and purified KillerRed, SuperNova, and mCherry - a related red fluorescent protein not typically considered a photosensitizer - and measured the superoxide (O 2 •- ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) quantum yields with irradiation at 561 nm. The formation of the O 2 •- -specific product 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OHE + ) was quantified via HPLC separation with fluorescence detection. Relative to a reference photosensitizer, Rose Bengal, the O 2 •- quantum yield (ΦO 2 •- ) of SuperNova was determined to be 0.00150, KillerRed was 0.00097, and mCherry 0.00120. At an excitation fluence of 916.5 J/cm 2 and matched absorption at 561 nm, SuperNova, KillerRed and mCherry made 3.81, 2.38 and 1.65 μM O 2 •- /min, respectively. Using the probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG), we ascertained the 1 O 2 quantum yield (Φ 1 O 2 ) for SuperNova to be 0.0220, KillerRed 0.0076, and mCherry 0.0057. These photosensitization characteristics of SuperNova, KillerRed and mCherry improve our understanding of fluorescent proteins and are pertinent for refining their use as tools to advance our knowledge of redox biology. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Reliability modeling: an overview for system designers (1991)

The role of reliability models in system design is examined. Methods for predicting system reliability are discussed, covering the choice of metric for analysis, creating the system reliability model, and refining the model. A case study is presented to illustrate reliability modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pharmaceutical Integrity of Lyophilized Methemoglobin-Albumin Clusters after Reconstitution (2023)

Covalent attachment of a ferric hemoglobin (metHb) core to three human serum albumin molecules to form metHb-albumin clusters has previously been used to develop an antidote for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Lyophilization is one of the most effective approaches to preserve protein pharmaceuticals with minimum contamination and decomposition. However, there is concern that lyophilized proteins may undergo pharmaceutical alteration on reconstitution. This study investigated the pharmaceutical integrity of metHb-albumin clusters on lyophilization and reconstitution with three clinically available reconstitution fluids, (i) sterile water for injection, (ii) 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and (iii) 5% dextrose injection. The metHb-albumin clusters retained their physicochemical properties and structural integrity on lyophilization and reconstitution with sterile water for injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection, along with comparable hydrogen sulfide scavenging ability compared to non-lyophilized metHb-albumin clusters. The reconstituted protein completely rescued lethal hydrogen sulfide poisoning in mice. On the other hand, lyophilized metHb-albumin clusters reconstituted with 5% dextrose injection showed physicochemical changes and a higher mortality rate in mice subjected to lethal hydrogen sulfide poisoning. In conclusion, lyophilization represents a potent preservation method for metHb-albumin clusters if either sterile water for injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection is used for reconstitution.
Phenotype ofhtgA(mbiA), a recently evolved orphan gene ofEscherichia coliandShigella, completely overlapping in antisense toyaaW (2013)

Overlapping embedded genes, such as htgA/yaaW, are assumed to be rare in prokaryotes. In Escherichia coli O157:H7, gfp fusions of both promoter regions revealed activity and transcription start sites could be determined for both genes. Both htgA and yaaW were inactivated strand specifically by introducing a stop codon. Both mutants exhibited differential phenotypes in biofilm formation and metabolite levels in a nontargeted analysis, suggesting that both are functional despite YaaW but not HtgA could be expressed. While yaaW is distributed all over the Gammaproteobacteria, an overlapping htgA-like sequence is restricted to the Escherichia-Klebsiella clade. Full-length htgA is only present in Escherichia and Shigella, and htgA showed evidence for purifying selection. Thus, htgA is an interesting case of a lineage-specific, nonessential and young orphan gene.
Long‐term properties of hot‐water polyolefin pipes—a review (1994)

Abstract This is a review on the long‐term behavior of polyolefin pipes used in hot‐water environments. Included in the review is work done on pipes of crosslinked polyethylene, isotactic poly(butene‐1), isotactic polypropylene and medium‐density polyethylene, and in particular the extensive work performed at Studsvik, Sweden. A collective view of the changes in antioxidant concentration profiles and molecular/physical structure accompanying hot‐water exposure is presented. Failure at high stress levels is preceded by gross deformation (Stage I failure), whereas at lower stresses fracture is brittle either without any signs of thermal oxidation (Stage II) or induced by a strong and spatially concentrated thermal oxidation (Stage III). It is shown that the Stage III lifetime can be divided into three phases, denoted Regimes A, B, and C. They involve internal precipitation of antioxidant from a supersaturated solution (Regime A), diffusion‐controlled migration of antioxidant to the surrounding media (Regime B), and degradation of the polymer by thermal oxidation (Regime C). For hitherto reported cases the Regime B life constitutes 80% to 90% of the entire life. A presentation is also made of current lifetime extrapolation methods.
Identification of Odoriferous Sulfanylalkanols in Human Axilla Secretions and Their Formation through Cleavage of Cysteine Precursors by a CS Lyase Isolated from Axilla bacteria (2004)

Human axillary odor is known to be formed upon the action of Corynebacteria sp. on per se odorless axilla secretions. Besides the known odoriferous acids, we report the occurrence in human axilla secretions of four odoriferous sulfanylalkanols, namely 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3), 2-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol (4), 3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol (5), and 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (6). These compounds have a pungent sweat/kitchen odor, also reminiscent of onions with some fruity connotations, and perception thresholds in the pg/l range. It was postulated that the odorless precursors for these compounds are cysteine conjugates. Bacterial isolates obtained from the human axilla and belonging to the Corynebacteria were, indeed, found to have the enzymatic capacity to release various thiols from cysteine conjugates. The metC gene, which is known to code for a cystathione-beta-lyase, was cloned from the axilla isolate Corynebacterium striatum Ax20 and heterologously expressed in E. coli. The pure recombinant enzyme cleaves various cysteine conjugates and has a similar substrate specificity as the cell homogenates of the wild-type. The recombinant enzyme was finally incubated with odorless axilla secretions and shown to release odoriferous thiols.