gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Binding, Internalization, and Insulin Receptor Regulation in Fibroblasts from Type II, Non-insulin-dependent Diabetic Subjects (1981)

The ability of insulin to bind, internalize, and regulate its own receptor was investigated in cultured human fibroblasts obtained from 8 normal subjects and 8 patients with type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The ability of the cells from the two groups to bind insulin was the same, and Scatchard analysis demonstrated identical curvilinear plots. When cells were incubated at 37 degrees C with the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine, and 125I-insulin, the drug led to a marked, but comparable, increase in cell-associated radioactivity in both control and diabetic fibroblasts (236 and 245% increase, respectively). Insulin pretreatment leads to a loss of insulin receptors in cultured human fibroblasts and preincubation with insulin led to a comparable dose-dependent decrease in subsequent insulin binding in both normal and diabetic fibroblasts. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that this decrease in binding was entirely due to a decrease in receptor number with no change in receptor affinity. These data demonstrate normal insulin binding, insulin internalization, and insulin-mediated receptor loss in fibroblasts from patients with with NIDDM, and these cells are several generations removed form the in vivo milieu. Thus, these results provide direct evidence that the well-known decrease in insulin binding in freshly isolated cells from patients with NIDDM, and these cells are several generations removed from the in vivo milieu. Thus, these results provide direct evidence that the well-known decrease in insulin binding in freshly isolated cells form patients with NIDDM is a reflection of environmental factors rather than an intrinsic (genetic) cellular abnormality.
CARD15: Intra-Cardiac Endograft: a Novel Platform for Continuous Flow Right Ventricular Assist Devices (2022)

Purpose: To develop a stable platform for continuous flow RVAD usage that resists suction events and avoids complexities of pump positioning, a feasibility study was undertaken using intra-cardiac endograft stenting. Methods: Using a calf-model on full cardiopulmonary bypass, a covered endograft (36x32x160 mm, Medtronic Valient) was deployed from the right atrial appendage to the inferior vena cava at the diaphragmatic hiatus. A continuous flow centrifugal ventricular assist device (Heartware, Medtronic) was then attached to the right atrial appendage and into the endograft lumen using the VAD’s standard sewing cuff. The RVAD outflow graft was connected to the pulmonary trunk. The calf was separated from cardiopulmonary bypass and the RVAD was increased to maximal speed of 4000 rpms. Heparin was fully reversed with protamine. Assessments with fluroscopy and echocardiography were performed. The animal was supported on the device for 2 hours after which it was humanely euthanized and necropsy performed. Results: Maximal flows of 8 liters/min were achieved thru the RVAD after the animal was separated from cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no suction effects experienced by the RVAD at maximal flow. Fluoroscopy demonstrated maintenance of stent conformation without suction deformation and secure fixation at the inferior vena cava. Epicardial surface echocardiography demonstrated right atrial blood return from the superior vena cava continues to flow unobstructed through the tricuspid valve. On necropsy there was no evidence of thrombus formation within the endograft stent. Summary: Use of an intra-cardiac endograft in the right atrium provided a platform for continuous flow RVAD usage in a calfmodel that was easy to deploy, resisted suction at high flows and maintained appropriate positioning of the pump. Distal stent fixation at the inferior vena cava diaphragmatic hiatus should be considered for determination of stent diameter. Figure 1. Schematic of endograft deployed in right atrium with continuous-flow RVAD
Logical Analysis of the Talmudic Rules of General and Specific (Klalim-U-Pratim) (2012)

This article deals with a set-theoretic interpretation of the Talmudic rules of General and Specific, known as Klal and Prat, (KP), Prat, and Klal (PK), Klal and Prat and Klal (KPK), and Prat and Klal and Prat (PKP).
Biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: how much progress have we made? (2004)

Biologic therapies include:(1) naturally occurring or modified biologic compounds such as vaccines (live, live attenuated, or killed microorganisms), hormone extracts, and blood products;(2) recombinant proteins or peptides—for example, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and growth hormone;(3) monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins; and (4) antisense oligonucleotides to nucleic acids. These biologic therapies, which are targeted towards specific disease mechanisms, have the potential to provide more effective and safe treatments for human diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that inhibition of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor α(TNF) and inhibition of the selective adhesion molecules α4 integrin and α4β7 integrin are effective in the treatment of various forms of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). It is also clear that drug toxicity related to biologic therapy, including hypersensitivity, serum sickness, autoimmunity, infection, and immunogenicity may occur. This article reviews the progress made to date in the treatment of IBD with biologic therapies, concentrating primarily on the TNF inhibitors infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, CDP870, CDP571, and onercept, and on the selective adhesion molecule inhibitors natalizumab and MLN-02, but also reviewing other potentially promising therapies targeted towards other mechanisms of action (table 1).

View this table:

 Table 1 
 Biotechnology compounds that have been or are being evaluated for the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease



### Comparative mechanisms of action for various anti-TNF agents

TNF is elevated in the mucosa of patients with CD,1 and inhibition of TNF has been an effective treatment strategy.2 Comparison of various anti-TNF agents with respect to biologic construction, ability to bind soluble and membrane bound TNF, ability to fix complement, ability to mediate antibody dependent cytotoxicity, ability to cause T cell apoptosis, and efficacy in unselected patients versus efficacy primarily in patients with elevated concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP) is shown in table 2. The efficacy of the anti-TNF agent infliximab in unselected patients with …
Constitutively Active Androgen Receptor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2022)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant type of liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. It is also a sexually dimorphic disease with a male predominance both in HCC and in its precursors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The role of the androgen receptor (AR) in HCC has been well documented; however, AR-targeted therapies have failed to demonstrate efficacy in HCC. Building upon understandings of AR in prostate cancer (PCa), this review examines the role of AR in HCC, non-androgen-mediated mechanisms of induced AR expression, the existence of AR splice variants (AR-SV) in HCC and concludes by surveying current AR-targeted therapeutic approaches in PCa that show potential for efficacy in HCC in light of AR-SV expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nucleoside Di‐ and Triphosphates and Dinucleoside Polyphosphates with cycloSal‐Nucleotides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epidermal growth factor receptor–related peptide inhibits growth of PC-3 prostate cancer cells (2004)

Interference with the activation of growth factor receptors, specifically epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), represents a promising strategy for the development of novel and selective anticancer therapies. We reported that EGFR-related peptide (ERRP), a recently isolated negative regulator of EGFR, could be a potential therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer. To determine whether ERRP could potentially be a therapeutic agent for prostate carcinoma, we examined the effect of recombinant ERRP on the growth of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro. Events of the EGFR signal transduction pathways were also examined. ERRP caused a marked inhibition of cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also induced apoptosis. The latter was evidenced by increased number of apoptotic cells, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. The transforming growth factor-alpha-induced stimulation of cell growth and activation of EGFR was also inhibited by ERRP. These changes were accompanied by a concomitant attenuation of activation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as basal and transforming growth factor-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. Inhibition of EGFR activation by ERRP could be partly attributed to increased sequestration of EGFR ligands. In summary, our data show that ERRP inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells by attenuating EGFR signaling processes. ERRP could potentially be an effective therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.
Power flow control in DC transmission grids using mechanical and semiconductor based DC/DC devices (2012)

DC power flow can be controlled though N-1 different DC lines/cables in a DC grid having N individual AC/DC converters. A large meshed DC grid can have more DC lines, and since we can not control power in all lines/cables, an overload may result. In this paper, two methods are proposed for DC power flow control through DC lines/cables. The first method involves using extra resistors embedded in series with DC lines/cables and switched by mechanical or semiconductor based DC circuit breakers. The other method includes installing DC/DC converter at one of the DC line/cable ends with the purpose of DC power flow control. It is shown that the first approach suits better for a short transmission line/cable, while the second one is proposed for a long transmission line/cable with high rated current and higher voltage drop. PSCAD simulation results are presented for a half bridge bidirectional DC chopper employed for DC power flow control between two large 370kV DC grids. (6 pages)
Supplementary Figure S2 from Promoter Methylation of <i>CDO1</i> Identifies Clear-Cell Renal Cell Cancer Patients with Poor Survival Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Five-year survival of clear-cell renal cell cancer patients from the TCGA according to CDO1 methylation in patients A) aged &lt;55 years, B) aged {greater than or equal to}55 to &lt;65 years, C) aged {greater than or equal to} 65 to &lt;75 years and D) aged {greater than or equal to}75 years at diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;
The Pathogenesis of Sepsis: “If We Cannot beat them Alone Join Them?” (2018)

Sepsis and septic shock are probably the least understood human disorders which worldwide take the lives of millions of patients. Sepsis may be defined as a multifactorial synergistic phenomenon where no unique damageassociated molecular patterns -alarming is identified which if successfully neutralized, might mitigate and protects against death in sepsis.
Isothermal Microcalorimetry: Insight into the Impact of Crystallite Size and Agglomeration on the Lithiation of Magnetite, Fe3O4 (2019)

Magnetite, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, holds significant interest as a Li-ion anode material because of its high theoretical capacity (926 mAh/g) associated with multiple electron transfers per cation center. Notably, both crystallite size and agglomeration influence ion transport. This report probes the effects of crystallite size (12 and 29 nm) and agglomeration on the reactions involved with the formation of the surface electrolyte interphase on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) was used to determine the parasitic heat evolved during lithiation by considering the total heat measured, cell polarization, and entropic contributions. Interestingly, the 29 nm Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based electrodes produced more parasitic heat than the 12 nm samples (1346 vs 1155 J/g). This observation was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping in conjunction with spatially resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). SEM imaging of the electrodes revealed more agglomerates for the 12 nm material, affirmed by XRF maps. Further, XAS results suggest that Li<sup>+</sup> transport is more restricted for the smaller crystallite size (12 nm) material, attributed to its greater degree of agglomeration. These results rationalize the IMC data, where agglomerates of the 12 nm material limit solid electrolyte interphase formation and parasitic heat generation during lithiation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.
Evaluating Threshold Knock with a Semi-Empirical Model—Initial Results (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In an effort to help explain knock performance in a variety of engines, a semi-empirical knock model has been developed. Making use of a “lumped-parameter” autoignition model and simple cylinder-pressure-driven thermodynamics, the model mimics the knock results obtained in an engine with a central-ignition chamber remarkably well. While additional testing against other engines is necessary to determine the generality of the model, it has already proven useful in explaining experimentally observed trends. The current work indicates that while heavy knock may occur at temperatures above 1000 K, independent of “cool-flame” chemistry, threshold knock is a 700-950 K phenomenon which can be influenced by “cool-flame” chemical activity.&lt;/div&gt;
Searching for nearest neighbors with a dense space partitioning (2015)

Product quantization based approximate nearest neighbor search with the use of inverted index structures have recently received increasing attention. In this paper, we propose a new inverted index structure for searching nearest neighbors in very large datasets of high dimensional data. For data indexing, our proposed method creates a dense space partitioning using multiple centroids based assigning, which generates shorter candidate lists and improves the search speed. Our experiments with a dataset of one billion SIFT features show that while achieving higher accuracy, our method demonstrates better performances on search speed compared to IV-FADC, the conventional product quantization based inverted index structure.
Psychrophilic versus psychrotolerant bacteria--occurrence and significance in polar and temperate marine habitats. (2004)

The numerical dominance and ecological role of psychrophilic bacteria in bottom sediments, sea ice, surface water and melt pools of the polar oceans were investigated using isolates, colony forming units (CFU) and metabolic activities. All sediment samples of the Southern Ocean studied showed a clear numerical dominance of cold-loving bacteria. In Arctic sediments underlying the influence of cold polar water bodies psychrophiles prevailed also but they were less dominant in sediments influenced by the warm Atlantic Water. A predominance of psychrophiles was further found in consolidated Antarctic sea ice as well as in multiyear Arctic sea ice and in melt pools on top of Arctic ice floes. A less uniform adaptation response was, however, met in polar surface waters. In the very northern part of the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean) we found bacterial counts and activities at 1 degree C exceeding those at 22 degrees C. In surface water of the Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean) psychrophiles also dominated numerically in early autumn but the dominance declined obviously with the onset of winter-water and a decrease of chlorphyll a. Otherwise in surface water of the Southern Ocean CFUs were higher at 22 degrees C than at 1 degree C while activities were vice versa indicating at least a functional dominance of psychrophiles. Even in the temperate sediments of the German Bight true psychrophiles were present and a clear shift towards cold adapted communities in winter observed. Among the polar bacteria a more pronounced cold adaptation of Antarctic in comparison with Arctic isolates was obtained. The results and literature data indicate that stenothermic cold adapted bacteria play a significant role in the global marine environment. On the basis of the temperature response of our isolates from different habitats it is suggested to expand the definition of Morita in order to meet the cold adaptation strategies of the bacteria in the various cold habitats.
Computer Simulations of Speckle in B-Scan Images (1983)

The granularity or speckle in medical ultrasound images tends to mask the presence of small lesions. As well, artifactual filling in of anechoic regions such as cysts, reduces the diagnostic potential of the images. These effects depend not only on the acoustic properties of the tissue but also are strongly influenced by the imaging system, especially the transducer geometry. To study the effect of the transducer on the final B-scan image, a computer model has been developed simulating the interaction of ultrasound with a simple scattering medium. This model, incorporating the position dependence of the point response of the transducer, is based on single scattering from a collection of points positioned randomly in a three-dimensional volume. Using this approach, B-scan images showing speckle have been generated for different transducer geometries. Inclusion of a 2.6 mm void mimicking a cyst within the three-dimensional scattering volume has allowed us to predict the cyst contrast in the image for the different transducer systems. Experimental B-scan images of a scattering phantom were obtained using the different pulse echo systems. Quantitative assessment using first and second order statistics of the images shows good agreement between experiment and theory.
Practical UV Excimer Laser Image System Illuminators (2017)

The illumination section of an excimer laser system is central to its performance, harnessing the full potential of this powerful production tool's strengths and capacity. This chapter reviews excimer laser beam delivery techniques and examines actual industrial case histories of ultraviolet (UV) excimer laser processing and the optics required to effectively use these lasers in cost-effective manufacturing situations. Excimer laser systems employ near-field imaging beam delivery techniques. There are four issues to consider when evaluating the quality of the beam at the homogenized plane: large-scale homogeneity, diffraction effects, coherence length effects, and astigmatism. Computer generated holograms or holographic optical elements are useful means of dividing the beam geometrically to expose a complex target. The simplest laser imaging system consists only of a mask and an imaging lens. The imaging fly's eye homogenizer uses the first lenslet array to divide the beam into multiple beamlets. Laser spot array generators can be constructed of spherical or cylinder lenses.
ENSO Forecast Value, Variable Climate and Stochastic Prices (2001)

We evaluate ENSO forecasts when prices are variable and ENSO is a portion of overall climatic variability. Forecast responses include crop mix, cultivar,fertilization, and planting date. Price changes reduce forecast value by excluding responses. Predictable income variability (ENSO-related), as a share of the total, evaluates forecast skill.
Route packets, net wires (2001)

Using on-chip interconnection networks in place of ad-hoc glo-bal wiring structures the top level wires on a chip and facilitates modular design. With this approach, system modules (processors, memories, peripherals, etc...) communicate by sending packets to one another over the network. The structured network wiring gives well-controlled electrical parameters that eliminate timing iterations and enable the use of high-performance circuits to reduce latency and increase bandwidth. The area overhead required to implement an on-chip network is modest, we estimate 6.6%. This paper introduces the concept of on-chip networks, sketches a simple network, and discusses some challenges in the architecture and design of these networks.
Luminescent Nanoparticles for High Sensitivity Biosensing (2000)

Abstract : Water-soluble luminescent nanoparticles have been fabricated with suitable surface chemistry to attach biomolecules, engineered to attach via spontaneous self-assembly. The resulting bio-conjugates have been characterized and the effects of pH and ionic strength on stability examined. Additionally, methods to improve bacterial expression and purification of the fusion proteins have been developed. QDs coated with protein G, which binds antibody, have been utilized in developing sensitive immunoassays. Finally, viral capsids, which are made of repeating subunits, are being utilized as signal amplifiers, enhancing the sensitivity of optical sensors with the goal of detecting single molecular events.
Working session 5: Operational aspects and risk analysis (1997)

A general observation is that both operational aspects and risk analysis cannot be adequately discussed without information presented in other sessions. Some overlap of conclusions and recommendations is therefore to be expected. Further, it was assumed that recommendations concerning improvements in some related topics were generated by other sessions and are not repeated here. These include: (1) Knowledge on degradation mechanisms (initiation, progression, and failure). (2) Modeling of degradation (initiation, progression, and failure). (3) Capabilities of NDE methods. (4) Preventive maintenance and repair. One should note here, however, that all of these directly affect both operational and risk aspects of affected plants. A list of conclusions and recommendations is based on available presentations and discussions addressing risk and operational experience. The authors aimed at reaching as broad a consensus as possible. It should be noted here that there is no strict delineation between operational and safety aspects of degradation of steam generator tubes. This is caused by different risk perceptions in different countries/societies. The conclusions and recommendations were divided into four broad groups: human reliability; leakage monitoring; risk impact; and consequence assessment.
Genetic diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolates of abattoir pigs (2013)

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, is present in swine herds worldwide. However, there is little information on strains infecting herds in Canada. A total of 160 swine lungs with lesions suggestive of enzootic pneumonia originating from 48 different farms were recovered from two slaughterhouses and submitted for gross pathology. The pneumonic lesion scores ranged from 2% to 84%. Eighty nine percent of the lungs (143/160) were positive for M. hyopneumoniae by real-time PCR whereas 10% (16/160) and 8.8% (14/160) were positive by PCR for M. hyorhinis and M. flocculare, respectively. By culture, only 6% of the samples were positive for M. hyopneumoniae (10/160). Among the selected M. hyopneumoniae-positive lungs (n=25), 9 lungs were co-infected with M. hyorhinis, 9 lungs with PCV2, 2 lungs with PRRSV, 12 lungs with S. suis and 10 lungs with P. multocida. MLVA and PCR-RFLP clustering of M. hyopneumoniae revealed that analyzed strains were distributed among three and five clusters respectively, regardless of severity of lesions, indicating that no cluster is associated with virulence. However, strains missing a specific MLVA locus showed significantly less severe lesions and lower numbers of bacteria. MLVA and PCR-RFLP analyses also showed a high diversity among field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae with a greater homogeneity within the same herd. Almost half of the field isolates presented less than 55% homology with selected vaccine and reference strains.