gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenation by ion implantation for scaled SOI/PMOS transistors (1985)

Hydrogenation by ion implantation has been investigated as a promising technique for VLSI/SOI and has been correlated with the resultant characteristics of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) PMOS transistors fabricated in Polycrystalline silicon. SOI/PMOS ON currents increase by one order of magnitude and OFF currents decrease by two orders of magnitude. Hydrogenation improves weak-inversion slopes by nearly an order of magnitude. Channel-length scaling does not adversely affect leakage currents in SOI/PMOS devices in hydrogenated fine grain polysilicon down to a channel length of 2 µm on the mask, whereas devices in laser recrystallized polysilicon do show a degradation. SOI/PMOS transistors can be expected to replace resistors as load elements for 256K SRAM's.
Evaluation of a tissue‐mimicking thermochromic phantom for radiofrequency ablation (2016)

The TMTCP formulated for use with RFA can be used to provide quantitative temperature information in mild hyperthermic (40-45 °C), subablative (45-50 °C), and ablative (>50 °C) temperature ranges. Accurate visual or computational estimates of absolute temperatures and ablation zone geometry can be made with high spatial resolution based on TMTCP color. As such, the TMTCP can be used to assess RFA heating characteristics in a controlled, predictable environment.
Generating Elastin-Rich Small Intestinal Submucosa–Based Smooth Muscle Constructs Utilizing Exogenous Growth Factors and Cyclic Mechanical Stimulation (2009)

Successful approaches to tissue engineering smooth muscle tissues utilize biodegradable scaffolds seeded with autologous cells. One common problem in using biological scaffolds specifically is the difficulty of inducing cellular penetration and controlling de novo extracellular matrix deposition/remodeling in vitro. Our hypothesis was that small intestinal submucosa (SIS) exposed to specific mechanical stimulation regimes would modulate the synthesis of de novo collagen and elastin by bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMC) within the SIS matrix. We further hypothesized that the cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), two key growth factors involved in epithelial mesenchymal signaling, will promote the cellular penetration into SIS necessary for mechanical stimulation. BSMC were seeded at 0.5 x 10(6) cells/cm(2) onto the luminal side of SIS specimens. VEGF (10 ng/mL) and FGF-2 (5 ng/mL) were added to each insert in the media every other day for up to 7 days in static culture. Following static culture, specimens were stretched strip-biaxially under 15% peak strain at either 0.5 or 0.1 Hz for an additional 7 days. Following the culture period, specimens were assayed histologically and biochemically for cellular penetration, proliferation, elastin, collagen, and protease activity. Histological analyses demonstrated that in standard culture media, BSMC remained on the surface of the SIS while both FGF-2 and VEGF profoundly promoted ingrowth of the BSMC into the SIS. The penetration of the cells in response to these cytokines was confirmed using a Transwell assay. Following cellular penetration, BSMC produced significant amounts of elastic fibers under cyclic mechanical stretching at 0.1 Hz under 15% stretch, as evidenced by colorimetric assay and histology using a Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain. Protease activity was assessed in the media and found to be statistically increased in static culture following FGF-2 treatment. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the capability of BSMC to produce histologically apparent elastin fibers in vitro. Moreover, our results suggest that a strategy involving growth factors and controlled mechanical stimulation may be used to engineer functional, elastin-rich tissue replacements using decellularized biologically derived scaffolds.
Development of a human COPD model-on-a-chip to mimic disease exacerbation (a small airway-on-a-chip model) (2014)

Acute exacerbations of COPD account for the high morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Development of pharmacotherapies for COPD has been hindered partly by the lack of appropriate in vitro disease models. Here, for the first time, we describe a biomimetic microfluidic microdevice that reconstructs the 3D mucosal lining of human small airways. Primary human airway epithelial cells from healthy normal and COPD donors were differentiated into ciliated pseudostratified epithelium in these small airway mimics. Validating the model, in line with earlier reports [Wang, R. et al. 2012; MacRedmond, R.E. et al. 2007] gene expression analysis revealed lower Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-4 transcripts in COPD compared with healthy normal. Of interest, when stimulating with TLR ligands to induce exacerbation-like phenotype, despite lower TLR levels, COPD chips mounted a more exaggerated inflammatory response. A novel aspect of the chip technology is microfluidic 'vascular' channel that allows simulation of endothelial cell-coated post-capillary venules to interrogate recruitment and attachment of circulating leukocytes. We re-created the complex organ-level response during exacerbation and compared efficacy of candidate therapeutics in modulating neutrophil adhesion to inflamed endothelium. The results demonstrated superiority of two anti-inflammatory drugs over a commonly prescribed corticosteroid in lowering neutrophilic inflammation. This new and unique technology provides the first 3D microfluidic system for modeling a human airway disease, may open path for personalized medicine, and can provide relevant feedback on efficacy and toxicity of drugs at preclinical stage.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Particle Laden Flows in Microfluidic Systems (2003)

The goal of this effort was to develop dynamic simulation tools to study and characterize particulate transport in Microfluidic devices. This includes the effects of external fields and near-field particle-particle, particle-surface interactions. The unique aspect of this effort is that we focused on the particles in suspension and rigorously accounted for all of the interactions that they experienced in solution. In contrast, other numerical methods within the program, finite element and finite volume approaches, typically treat the suspended species as non-interacting point particles. Later in the program, some of these approaches incorporated approximations to begin to account for particle-particle interactions. Through the programs (BioFlips and SIMBIOSYS), we developed collaborative relationships with device-oriented efforts. More specifically and at the request of the SIMBIOSYS program manager, we allowed our efforts/milestones to be more guided by the needs of our BioFlips colleagues; therefore, our efforts were focused on the needs of the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Peter Gascoyne), UCDavis (Rosemary Smith), and UC Berkeley (Dorian Liepmann). The first two collaborations involved the development of Dielectrophoresis analysis tools and the later involved the development of suspension and fluid modeling tools for microneedles.
Data from Systemic Administration of a Conditionally Replicating Adenovirus, Targeted to Angiogenesis, Reduced Lung Metastases Burden in Cotton Rats (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Angiogenesis is an essential process for solid tumor development. To interfere with angiogenesis, AdPPE3x-E1, an adenovirus that is transcriptionally targeted to replicate in angiogenic endothelial cells, was constructed, by replacing the E1 promoter with the modified preproendothelin-1 promoter, PPE-1-3x, previously shown to induce specific transcription in angiogenic endothelial cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The specificity of AdPPE3x-E1 to endothelial cells was shown by quantitative PCR and immunostaining, and its antiangiogenic effect was evaluated in Matrigel models. The &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; efficacy of AdPPE3x-E1 was also tested in a cotton rat lung metastases model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The replication rate of AdPPE3x-E1 in endothelial cells was similar to that of AdCMV-E1, a nonselective replicating adenovector, but the replication rate was reduced up to 60-fold in nonendothelial cells. Moreover, AdPPE3x-E1 reduced endothelial cell viability by 90% whereas nonendothelial cells were not affected. In &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; Matrigel models, endothelial cells infected with AdPPE3x-E1 did not develop capillary-like structures. The systemic administration of AdPPE3x-E1 reduced the lung metastases burden in a cotton rat model by 55%, compared with saline-treated rats, without significant evidence of toxicity. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the viral copy number of AdPPE3x-E1 was increased 3-fold in the lung metastases but not in the liver, compared with a nonreplicating adenovector control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We have shown here for the first time an antimetastatic effect induced by an angiogenesis-transcriptionally targeted adenovirus following systemic administration. Because adenovirus replication is more efficient in humans than in cotton rats, we assume a significant effect for AdPPE3x-E1 treatment in fighting human solid tumors and metastases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Universal NBTI model and its application for high frequency circuit simulation (2014)

An NBTI compact model considering the interface-state generation and the hole-trapping mechanisms has been proposed and evaluated for many different materials and processes. 8 model parameters are able to describe universal characteristics of the MOSFET degradation simply as a function of the gate oxide field (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ox</inf> ). By implementing the NBTI degradation model into the compact model HiSIM, the circuit delay degradation is predicted, where the interface state generation dominates the degradation at low frequency operation, whereas the hole-trapping dominates under high frequency condition.
DEFINITION OF A FLUOROSCOPIC GOLD STANDARD FOR THE EVALUATION OF MARKER-BASED FOOT PROTOCOLS (2011)

The quantification of foot-kinematics in-vivo is a critical issue for functional evaluation in several pathologies. The great clinical and research interest is demonstrated by the number of foot protocols, based on different biomechal models, reported in recent literature. The performance of only few of these protocols was experimentally assessed and only in terms of repeatability. The lack of a validation is essentially due to the lack of a methodology for the accurate in-vivo quantification of foot kinematics, taking into account deformability of foot segments. The aim of the present study is the definition of a fluoroscopic gold standard for the assessment of marker-based foot protocols. One subject performed foot and ankle motor tasks while synchronously acquired by means of stereophoeogrammetry and videofluoroscopy. 3D kinematics of foot segments was reconstructed using 3D fluoroscopy associated to a function-based definition of foot segmental models and compared with foot segmental kinematics reconstructed using stereophotogrammetry. Results show that function-based model constrained to bony segment kinematics provides a good specificity in describing the relative kinematics of foot sub- segments, while the kinematics of the different bony segments within the sub-segments can hardly be generalized, without the proposed functional approach.
Flexible database generators (2005)

Evaluation and applicability of many database techniques, ranging from access methods, histograms, and optimization strategies to data normalization and mining, crucially depend on their ability to cope with varying data distributions in a robust way. However, comprehensive real data is often hard to come by, and there is no flexible data generation framework capable of modelling varying rich data distributions. This has led individual researchers to develop their own ad-hoc data generators for specific tasks. As a consequence, the resulting data distributions and query workloads are often hard to reproduce, analyze, and modify, thus preventing their wider usage. In this paper we present a flexible, easy to use, and scalable framework for database generation. We then discuss how to map several proposed synthetic distributions to our framework and report preliminary results.
Stochastic effects in fabrication of 11nm line-and-space patterns using extreme ultraviolet lithography (2014)

The suppression of stochastic effects such as line edge roughness (LER) and stochastic defect generation is required for the realization of high volume production of semiconductor devices with 11 nm critical dimension using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. In this study, the effect of the molecular weight and protection ratio of the resist polymer on LER and stochastic defect generation was investigated. By increasing the molecular weight, LER and the probability for the stochastic defect generation were decreased. The negative effect caused by the increase of molecular weight is the increase of the minimum block size for dissolution in the development process. By increasing the protection ratio, the similar effect was expected. However, LER and the probability for the stochastic defect generation were not significantly decreased by increasing the protection ratio because of the decrease of quantum efficiency of acid generation caused by the protection of proton sources. The development of protecting group that does not affect the quantum efficiency is essential to decrease the stochastic effects.
Analysis of nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum with and without phase explosion in air and water (2013)

Despite extensive research work, accurate prediction of the ablation behavior in the high energy nanosecond laser ablation process is still lacking, which may differ significantly depending on laser parameters, surrounding medium, and target material characteristics. In this paper, nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum in air and water is investigated through a self-contained hydrodynamic model under different laser fluences involving no phase explosion and phase explosion. The ablation depths and profiles are predicted and validated against the literature data and experiments. In case of nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum in water, deeper crater depths are found in all the conditions studied in this work, which may be attributed to the combination effects of laser ablation and shock compression. The analysis of the shock compression in air and water indicates that the shock compression is mainly responsible for this enhancement of ablation in water.
Ulcer and Gastritis (2002)

The literature on peptic ulcer and gastritis in 2000 again focused on the topics of Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and gastric cancer. New diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection have been evaluated, and rescue therapies for failed H. pylori eradication have been tested. The causal relationship between H. pylori infection and nonulcer dyspepsia, gastric cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and NSAID-related ulcers remained heated topics of debate. In 2000, landmark clinical trials and meta-analyses were published addressing these issues. The role of endoscopy in managing nonulcer dyspepsia was better defined. The role of H. pylori eradication in NSAID/aspirin users was reexamined in high-risk patients. Clinical benefit was finally confirmed for specific inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The millennium year turned out to be a very important one in the advancement of knowledge in this field.
Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides with Monochloro Poly(styrenehydantoin) Beads. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Milk Casein‐Based Diet Containing TGF‐β Controls the Inflammatory Reaction in the HLA‐B27 Transgenic Rat Model (2005)

The TGF-beta containing diet has a beneficial effect in an animal model of intestinal inflammation. Our observations support a potential role for dietary TGF-beta in the restoration of immune homeostasis.
Distinctive Left Ventricular Activations Associated With ECG Pattern in Heart Failure Patients (2017)

In contrast to LBBB patients, narrow QRS and NICD patients are characterized by distinct mechanisms of LV activation, which may predict poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
In vitro and in vivo profile of a novel tissue selective, orally bioavailable non‐steroidal androgen receptor modulator (ACP‐105) (2008)

Clinical experience with testosterone suggests a wide range of indications for selective androgen receptors modulators (SARMs), including hypogonadism, osteoporosis, CNS indications and muscle wasting conditions. ACADIA has identified several novel chemical classes of SARMs ranging from full and partial agonists to full antagonists. We report here the in vitro and in vivo profile of one of these SARMs, named ACP‐105. In cell based assays ACP‐105 was found to be a potent and selective androgen receptor agonist. Studies using castrated rats demonstrated that ACP‐105 potently suppressed the luteinizing hormone surge and had robust anabolic effects on the levator ani muscle. Tissues specificity was demonstrated in that ACP‐105 had minimal trophic effects on prostate in castrated animals and no detectable trophic effect on prostate of intact rats. ACP‐105 behaves as a partial androgen receptor agonist, partially reversing the androgenic effect of exogenous testosterone. Taken together these results suggest that ACP‐105 may provide a superior therapeutic alternative to testosterone as it has anabolic effects similar to testosterone on muscle mass, while having considerably less effects on the prostate.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Medium-Ring Heterocycles, Tertiary Ethers, and Tertiary Alcohols by Mo−Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis (2002)

The Mo-catalyzed asymmetric ring-closing metathesis (ARCM) of various achiral trienes leads to the formation of medium-ring unsaturated heterocycles in high yield and with excellent enantioselectivity. Reactions may be carried out on gram scale and in the absence of solvent. The unsaturated siloxanes obtained enantioselectively can be readily functionalized to obtain synthetically useful and difficult-to-access tertiary alcohols.
Accuracy of measured throughputs and mean response times (2007)

The performance of computer systems such as Web systems is measured to guarantee quality of service (QoS) or to compare difference configurations of the systems [8]. We consider the problem of whether we should measure mean response time or throughput to better guarantee QoS or to better compare different configurations of a Web system. Specifically, is measured mean response time or measured throughput more accurate, when the Web system is measured for a fixed period of time?
Predicting the evolution of the Lassa virus endemic area and population at risk over the next decades (2022)

Lassa fever is a severe viral hemorrhagic fever caused by a zoonotic virus that repeatedly spills over to humans from its rodent reservoirs. It is currently not known how climate and land use changes could affect the endemic area of this virus, currently limited to parts of West Africa. By exploring the environmental data associated with virus occurrence using ecological niche modelling, we show how temperature, precipitation and the presence of pastures determine ecological suitability for virus circulation. Based on projections of climate, land use, and population changes, we find that regions in Central and East Africa will likely become suitable for Lassa virus over the next decades and estimate that the total population living in ecological conditions that are suitable for Lassa virus circulation may drastically increase by 2070. By analysing geotagged viral genomes using spatially-explicit phylogeography and simulating virus dispersal, we find that in the event of Lassa virus being introduced into a new suitable region, its spread might remain spatially limited over the first decades.
Genome Sequence of the Extreme Obligate Alkaliphile Bacillus marmarensis Strain DSM 21297 (2013)

ABSTRACT Bacillus marmarensis strain DSM 21297 is an extreme obligate alkaliphile able to grow in medium up to pH 12.5. A whole-shotgun strategy and de novo assembly led to the generation of a 4-Mbp genome of this strain. The genome features alkaliphilic adaptations and pathways for n -butanol and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis.
Algorithms for maximizing spectrum efficiency in elastic optical path networks that adopt distance adaptive modulation (2010)

We propose optical path routing and frequency slot assignment algorithms that suit elastic optical paths and the distance adaptive modulation scheme. The algorithms are proven to yield high spectrum efficiency for the distant-adaptive frequency allocation scheme.
Functional epigenomics approach to identify methylated candidate tumour suppressor genes in renal cell carcinoma (2008)

Promoter region hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing is a frequent cause of tumour suppressor gene (TSG) inactivation in many human cancers. Previously, to identify candidate epigenetically inactivated TSGs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we monitored changes in gene expression in four RCC cell lines after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. This enabled us to identify HAI-2/SPINT2 as a novel epigenetically inactivated candidate RCC TSG. To identify further candidate TSGs, we undertook bioinformatic and molecular genetic evaluation of a further 60 genes differentially expressed after demethylation. In addition to HAI-2/SPINT2, four genes (PLAU, CDH1, IGFB3 and MT1G) had previously been shown to undergo promoter methylation in RCC. After bioinformatic prioritisation, expression and/or methylation analysis of RCC cell lines+/-primary tumours was performed for 34 genes. KRT19 and CXCL16 were methylated in RCC cell lines and primary RCC; however, 22 genes were differentially expressed after demethylation but did not show primary tumour-specific methylation (methylated in normal tissue (n=1); methylated only in RCC cell lines (n=9) and not methylated in RCC cell lines (n=12)). Re-expression of CXCL16 reduced growth of an RCC cell line in vitro. In a summary, a functional epigenomic analysis of four RCC cell lines using microarrays representing 11 000 human genes yielded both known and novel candidate TSGs epigenetically inactivated in RCC, suggesting that this is valid strategy for the identification of novel TSGs and biomarkers.
Detecting Compliance Failures in Unmanaged Processes (2012)

The importance and the challenges of detecting compliance failures in unmanaged business processes is discussed, and the process of creating and verifying internal controls as a requirement of enterprise risk management framework is explained. The effect of using automated auditing tools to detect compliance failures against internal control points in unmanaged business processes is investigated. Risk exposure of a business process due to compliance failures is analyzed, and the factors that affect the risk exposure of a business process are evaluated.
The SH3 Domain of Phospholipase C-γ1 Associates with Shc (1999)

The SH3 domain of PLC- has been known to induce DNA synthesis. However, little is known about the putative effector proteins that associate with the domain. In this report, we provide evidence that the SH3 domain of PLC- associates with Shc, which has been implicated in the activation of p21Ras in response to many growth factors. The association between Shc and PLC- is enhanced either by v-Src-induced transformation or EGF-stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, from transient expression studies with COS-7 cells, we show that the SH3 domain of PLC- is required for association with Shc in vivo, whereas tyrosyl phosphorylation of PLC- is not. Taken together, we suggest that Shc might be involved in the PLC--mediated signaling pathway.