gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse Greedy Minimax Probability Machine Classification ; CU-CS-956-03 (2003)

The Minimax Probability Machine Classification (MPMC) framework [Lanckriet et al., 2002] builds classifiers by minimizing the maximum probability of misclassification, and gives direct estimates of the probabilistic accuracy bound .The only assumptions that MPMC makes is that good estimates of means and covariance matrixes of the classes exist.However, as with Support Vector Machines, MPMC is computationally expensive and requires extensive cross validation experiments to choose kernels and kernel parameters that give good performance.In this paper we address the computational cost of MPMC by proposing an algorithm that constructs nonlinear sparse MPMC (SMPMC) models by incrementally adding basis functions (i.e.kernels) one at a time -greedily selecting the next one that maximizes the accuracy bound . SMPMC automatically chooses both kernel parameters and feature weights without using computationally expensive cross validation.Therefore the SMPMC algorithm simultaneously addresses the problem of kernel selection and feature selection (i.e.feature weighting), based solely on maximizing the accuracy bound . Experimental results indicate that we can obtain reliable bounds , as well as test-set accuracies that are comparable to state of the art classification algorithms.
Power Electronics in Wind Turbine Systems (2006)

The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is a steady demand to increase the power capacity. The production, distribution and the use of the energy should be as technological efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should be set up. The deregulation of energy has lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources may be very high in the near future. Two major technologies will play important roles to solve the future problems. One is to change the electrical power production sources from the conventional, fossil (and short term) based energy sources to renewable energy resources. The other is to use high efficient power electronics in power systems, power production and end-user application. This paper discuss the most emerging renewable energy source, wind energy, which by means of power electronics is changing from being a minor energy source to be acting as an important power source in the energy system. By that wind power is also getting an added value in the power system operation
Etude d'un point mémoire MRAM : caractérisations et définitions d'architectures mémoires (2005)

L'avenement des applications digitales grand public a genere une demande croissante pour des memoires peu cheres, de grande capacite et rapides. Dans ce contexte, les memoires magneto-resistives a acces aleatoire (MRAM) montrent un fort potentiel. Elles combinent a la fois la non-volatilite, l'insensibilite aux radiations, une cyclabilite quasi-infinie et des vitesses compatibles avec les processeurs actuels. En reunissant les qualites des memoires traditionnelles (Flash, DRAM, SRAM), elles concourent au titre de memoire universelle. Elles pourraient notamment remplacer sur une meme puce tous les types de memoires dont on a besoin sans la necessite d'utiliser plusieurs technologies differentes. Cependant leur miniaturisation souleve de serieuses difficultes. L'objet de ma these a ete d'identifier les problemes correspondants, de verifier qu'il etait possible d'integrer des materiaux magnetiques dans une filiere CMOS standard, et de proposer des solutions innovantes.
A Stereoselective Cobalt-Containing Nitrile Hydratase (1997)

Nitrile hydratase from Pseudomonas putida NRRL-18668 has been purified and characterized. The purified enzyme catalyzes the hydration of 2(S)-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile at least fifty times faster than that of 2(R)-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile. This enzyme is a member of the class of nitrile hydratase that contains cobalt. Visible absorption and CD spectra suggest the cobalt exists as a non-corrin low-spin Co3+ ion in a tetragonally-distorted octahedral ligand field. Chemical reduction of the native enzyme results in a species with the EPR signature of a low-spin Co2+ complex. Like the other cobalt-containing nitrile hydratases, this enzyme is relatively stable, maintaining its activity below 35 degrees C, and it shows a broad activity optimum between pH 7.2 and 7.8. The structural genes for this enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences for the alpha and beta subunits show 48-63% and 35-41% homology, respectively, to other sequenced nitrile hydratases. In particular, the cysteine residues in the alpha subunit that have been suggested to coordinate the metal ion in the iron-containing nitrile hydratases [Brennan, B. A., Cummings, J. G., Chase, D. B., Turner, I. M., Jr., & Nelson, M. J. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 10068-10077] are conserved in this enzyme, suggesting that this nitrile hydratase, like the enzyme from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, is a member of a newly described class of metalloenzymes with Co3+-thiolate ligation [Brennan, B. A., Alms, G., Nelson, M. J., Durney, L. T., & Scarrow, R. C. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 9194-9195].
New Techniques for the Evaluation of Diabetic Neuropathies (2001)

1 ALL WE CAN DO for diabetic neuropathy (DN) is make the diagnosis and commiserate with the patient,” said a Lancet editorial of 1994. We have come a long way since then and, with increasing sophistication in our understanding of the true nature of diabetic neuropathies, have developed new strategies for treatment. DN, once regarded as the “Cinderella” of the complications of diabetes, is now coming of age with introduction of a variety of preventative and therapeutic strategies, which modified the natural progressive course of the condition. Since we no longer indulge in self-flagellation and have real therapies to offer, it now behooves us to do our utmost to make these diagnoses when therapeutic endeavors can result in real gains. To do this, we need first to briefly review what we have come to know about neuropathies. DN is the most common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to great morbidity and mortality, and resulting in a huge economic burden for diabetes care.1–3 It is the most common form of neuropathy in the developed countries of the world, accounts for more hospitalizations than all the other diabetic complications combined, and is responsible for 50–75% of nontraumatic amputations.2,4 DN is a set of clinical syndromes that affect distinct regions of the nervous system, singly or combined. It may be silent and go undetected while exercising its ravages. DN is a heterogeneous disorder that encompasses a wide range of abnormalities affecting proximal and distal peripheral sensory and motor nerves as well as the autonomic nervous systems. Neuropathic complications occur equally in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and additionally in various forms of acquired diabetes.5,6 The major morbidity associated with somatic neuropathy is foot ulceration, the precursor of gangrene and limb loss. Neuropathy increases the risk of amputation 1.7-fold; 12-fold, if there is deformity (itself a consequence of neuropathy); and 36fold, if there is a history of previous ulceration.7 There are 85,000 amputations in the United States each year, one every 2 min, and neuropathy is considered to be the major contributor in 87% of cases. It is also the most lifespoiling of the diabetic complications and has tremendous ramifications for the quality of life in a person with diabetes. Once autonomic neuropathy sets in, life can become quite dismal and the mortality rate approximates 25–50% within 5–10 years.5,8–10 Autonomic neuropathy can affect virtually every system in the body. It has major effects in the cardiovascular system ranging from sudden death, silent myocardial infarction, and decreased exercise tolerance, to anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and brittle diabetes due to vagaries of gastric emptying and loss of the coordinated delivery of fuels from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and insulin delivery. Autonomic supply to the skin and subcutaneous tissues is critical for nutrient delivery blood flow and lubrication through
Onset of charge interaction in strong‐field photoemission from nanometric needle tips (2021)

Abstract Strong‐field photoemission from nanostructures and the associated temporally modulated currents play a key role in the development of ultrafast vacuum optoelectronics. Optical light fields could push their operation bandwidth into the petahertz domain. A critical aspect of their functionality in the context of applications is the impact of charge interaction effects. Here, we investigated the photoemission and photocurrents from nanometric tungsten needle tips exposed to carrier‐envelope phase (CEP)‐controlled few‐cycle laser fields. We report a characteristic rapid increase in the intensity‐rescaled cutoff energies of emitted electrons beyond a certain intensity value. By comparison with simulations, we identify this feature as the onset of charge‐interaction dominated photoemission dynamics. Our results are anticipated to be relevant also for the strong‐field photoemission from other nanostructures, including photoemission from plasmonic nanobowtie antennas used in CEP‐detection and for PHz‐scale devices.
Fundamental Investigations of Mechanical and Chemical Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium Ion Battery Materials (Final Technical Report) (2021)

The objective of our effort under the DOE EPSCoR Implementation grant is to establish a comprehensive and internationally recognized research program at Brown University and University of Rhode Island in understanding degradation mechanisms and to improve the cycle and calendar life of lithium ion battery (LIB) materials. A series of basic investigations are undertaken to characterize the mechanical and chemical degradation mechanisms, which can help enable new higher capacity and longer lasting electrode designs. Controlling mechanical and chemical degradation is the primary challenge in developing the next generation of higher energy density batteries. The development of failure resistant battery microstructures will require a fundamental understanding of the evolution of stress, deformation, damage, and electrochemistry in battery materials during cyclic charging and discharging. In addition, controlling the reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface is critical for the formation of a stable SEI layer. We address these issues through a combination of controlled experiments on model battery materials and practical composite electrodes, together with multi-scale computations. Our effort is organized into three focus areas that encompass many critical challenges in Lithium Ion Battery Technologies: (i) Mechanical properties, fracture and damage in electrode materials; (ii) Chemistry and Mechanics of Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI); (iii) Mechanical and Chemical Integrity of Solid-Solid Interfaces in Practical Electrodes.
A MEMS-Based VOA With Very Low PDL (2004)

In this letter, we study the optical performance of a microelectromechanical system reflection-type variable optical attenuator (VOA). Experimental results of packaged VOA devices show that the proposed architecture exhibits very low polarization dependence within the entire attenuation range (polarization-dependent loss (PDL)<0.1 dB at 30-dB attenuation level).
Increased pancreatic cancer risk following radiotherapy for testicular cancer (2016)

A dose-response relationship exists between radiation to the pancreas and subsequent cancer risk, and persists for over 20 years. These excesses, although small, should be considered when radiotherapy with exposure to the pancreas is considered for newly diagnosed patients. Additional data are needed on the role of chemotherapy.
New Pharmacological Strategies for Cognitive Enhancement Using a Rat Model of Age‐Related Memory Impairment (1994)

We have developed the Stone maze paradigm for use as a rat model of memory impairment observed in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Evidence produced thus far clearly implicates both the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems in acquisition performance in this complex maze task. Although results have been very inconsistent regarding the cognitive enhancing abilities of cholinomimetics for use in Alzheimer's disease, new classes of cholinesterase inhibitors may offer greater therapeutic efficacy. The use of glycine and polyamine agonists appears to be a viable strategy for positive modulation of the NMDA receptor. In addition, an approach that combines stimulation both of cholinergic and glutamatergic systems may have greater potential than agonism of either separately. Manipulation of signal transduction events might also have potential for cognitive enhancement. The influx of Ca2+ through the NMDA receptor stimulates production of NO via the action of NOS. By using NARG to block NOS activity, we have demonstrated in rats that NO production appears to influence learning in the Stone maze. We are currently exploring the age-related changes in NOS activity in specific brain regions of rats to determine if loss in the NO generating system is related to age-related memory impairment observed in the Stone maze. In addition, we are exploring pharmacological strategies for inducing NO production; however, because of the potential neurotoxicity for NO overstimulation, this strategy will present some obstacles. The identification of NO as a simple molecule serving vital physiological functions but representing potential for neurotoxicity presents an important unifying area for neurobiological investigations searching for mechanisms of normal brain aging and of age-related neuropathology, as observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Giant modulation depth in the photoexcited topological surface plasmons exceeding 2,400 % (2015)

We present ultrafast optical modulation of plasmons in a topological insulator Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Se <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> micrio-ribbon array. Unprecedented giant modulation depth up to 2,400 % is obtained with very low fluence of optical control pulse.
Gold Nanocrystal Labeling Allows Low-Density Lipoprotein Imaging from the Subcellular to Macroscopic Level (2013)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a critical role in cholesterol transport and is closely linked to the progression of several diseases. This motivates the development of methods to study LDL behavior from the microscopic to whole-body level. We have developed an approach to efficiently load LDL with a range of diagnostically active nanocrystals or hydrophobic agents. We performed focused experiments on LDL labeled with gold nanocrystals (Au-LDL). The labeling procedure had minimal effect on LDL size, morphology, or composition. Biological function was found to be maintained from both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Tumor-bearing mice were injected intravenously with LDL, DiR-LDL, Au-LDL, or a gold-loaded nanoemulsion. LDL accumulation in the tumors was detected with whole-body imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT), spectral CT, and fluorescence imaging. Cellular localization was studied with transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence techniques. This LDL labeling procedure should permit the study of lipoprotein biointeractions in unprecedented detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Euglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents: Pyridine Containing Unsaturated Thiazolidinediones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Contributors (2009)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
On Gray-Box Program Tracking for Anomaly Detection (2018)

Many host-based anomaly detection systems monitor a process ostensibly running a known program by observing the system calls the process makes. Numerous improvements to the precision of this approach have been proposed, such as tracking system call sequences, and various "gray-box" extensions such as examining the program counter or return addresses on the stack when system calls are made. In this paper, we perform the first systematic study of a wide spectrum of such methods. We show that prior approaches can be organized along three axes, revealing new possibilities for system-call-based program tracking. Through an empirical analysis of this design space, we shed light on the benefits and costs of various points in the space and identify new regions that appear to outperform prior approaches. In separate contributions, we demonstrate novel mimicry attacks on a recent proposal using return addresses for system-call-based program tracking, and then suggest randomization techniques to make such attacks more difficult.
Analysis of information content of pharmacokinetic data using generalized sensitivity functions (2002)

Generalized Sensitivity Functions (GSF) have been recently introduced to overcome the limitation of traditional sensitivity analysis to reveal the information content about estimated model parameters of observations collected during an experiment. This aspect is relevant in mathematical modelling of physiological systems because understanding how the estimation of individual model parameters is related to observed system output patterns gives indications about the effective role of parameters in describing different physiological processes. GSF functions have been initially proposed with reference to continuous-time or frequently sampled data. In this study the common situation encountered in pharmacokinetic (PK) and metabolic studies of discrete-time, sparse data is considered. In this case GSF become staircase functions with step changes at each new data point, and with zero initial condition and final unit value after all data have been collected. The most informative data for a particular parameter are those that produce a major variation in the transition from 0 to 1 of the corresponding GSF. Correlation between parameter estimates causes nonmonotonic oscillatory patterns in GSF. The authors' results show that GSF are a useful tool in the analysis of PK data.
Al-2.49 Edge Acuity (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Hydrogen-1 NMR evidence for the R,S,R,S isomer of the (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)nickel(II) ion (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen-1 NMR evidence for the R,S,R,S isomer of the (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)nickel(II) ionPeter J. Connolly and E. Joseph BilloCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 19, 3224–3226Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00266a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00266a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dark Side of the Exosome: The Role of the Exosome in Cancer Metastasis and Targeting the Exosome as a Strategy for Cancer Therapy (2014)

Cell-cell communication is essential for the regulation of various biological phenomena in multicellular organisms, including development and homeostasis. Deregulation of these interactions leads to inappropriate cell-cell communication, resulting in disease development. Cancer cells communicate closely with the cells in their microenvironment, and this communication promotes malignancy via abnormal growth, invasion, drug resistance and metastasis. Understanding cell-cell interactions in cancer is essential for the development of novel anticancer agents. As a result, discovering the communication tools used by cancer cells is important to understanding these interactions. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding exosome-mediated cancer development. In addition, we propose that targeting the exosome represents a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: New Organic Nitrates. Part 2. Synthesis of 2H‐Pyrido(2,3‐e)‐1,3‐ oxazine‐2,4‐(3H)‐diones, 2H‐Pyrido(4,3‐e)‐1,3‐oxazine‐2,4(3H)‐diones, 2H‐Pyrido(4,3‐e)‐1,3‐oxazin‐4(3H)‐ones, 2H‐Thieno(2,3‐e)‐1,3‐oxazin‐4( 3H)‐ones and 2H‐Thieno(3,4‐e)‐1,3‐oxazin‐2,4(3H)‐diones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gas Dwell Time Control for Rapid and Long Lifetime Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests (2011)

The heat history (i.e., "dwell time") of the carbon source gas was demonstrated as a vital parameter for very rapid single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) forest growth with long lifetime. When the dwell time was raised to 7 s from the 4 s used for standard growth, the growth rate increased to 620 μm/min: a benchmark for SWNT forest growth on substrates. Importantly, the increase in growth rate was achieved without decreasing either the growth lifetime or the quality of the SWNTs. We interpret that the conversion rate of the carbon feedstock into CNTs was selectively increased (versus catalyst deactivation) by delivering a thermally decomposed carbon source with the optimum thermal history to the catalyst site.