gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reference Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Microstrip antenna array for mobile satellite communications (1992)

A novel array of microstrip elements has been developed for mobile satellite communications. The Cylindrical Patch Array (CPA) consists of 18 circularly-polarized microstrip patches, mounted around a conical surface. The radiating elements were modified to reduce their resonant size, thus allowing for a compact array. The array produces a high-gain beam which is electronically steered in azimuth for satellite tracking. A minimum of 10 dBic gain was achieved over elevation angles from 10° to 50° for a bandwidth of 1530 to 1660.5 MHz, providing ideal coverage for mobile satellite coverage in the U.S. and Canada.
High Resolution Multimodal Chemical Imaging Platform for Organics and Inorganics (2019)

Chemical analysis at the nanoscale is critical to advance our understanding of materials and systems from medicine and biology to material science and computing. Macroscale-observed phenomena in these systems are in the large part driven by processes that take place at the nanoscale and are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop a new technology that enables correlative imaging of material functionalities with nanoscale spatial and chemical resolutions that will enable us to untangle the structure-function relationship of functional materials. Therefore, here, we report on the analytical figures of merit of the newly developed correlative chemical imaging technique of helium ion microscopy coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometry (HIM-SIMS) that enables multimodal topographical/chemical imaging of organic and inorganic materials at the nanoscale. In HIM-SIMS, a focused ion beam acts as a sputtering and ionization source for chemical analysis along with simultaneous high-resolution surface imaging, providing an unprecedented level of spatial resolution for gathering chemical information on organic and inorganic materials. In this work, we demonstrate HIM-SIMS as a platform for a next-generation tool for an in situ material design and analysis capable of down to 8 nm spatial resolution chemical imaging, layered metal structure imaging in depth profiling, single graphene layer detection, and spectral analysis of metals, metal oxides, and polymers.
Task2Sim : Towards Effective Pre-training and Transfer from Synthetic Data (2021)

Pre-training models on Imagenet or other massive datasets of real images has led to major advances in computer vision, albeit accompanied with shortcomings related to curation cost, privacy, usage rights, and ethical issues. In this paper, for the first time, we study the transferability of pre-trained models based on synthetic data generated by graphics simulators to downstream tasks from very different domains. In using such synthetic data for pre-training, we find that downstream performance on different tasks are favored by different configurations of simulation parameters (e.g. lighting, object pose, backgrounds, etc.), and that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. It is thus better to tailor synthetic pre-training data to a specific downstream task, for best performance. We introduce Task2Sim, a unified model mapping downstream task representations to optimal simulation parameters to generate synthetic pre-training data for them. Task2Sim learns this mapping by training to find the set of best parameters on a set of "seen" tasks. Once trained, it can then be used to predict best simulation parameters for novel "unseen" tasks in one shot, without requiring additional training. Given a budget in number of images per class, our extensive experiments with 20 diverse downstream tasks show Task2Sim's task-adaptive pre-training data results in significantly better downstream performance than non-adaptively choosing simulation parameters on both seen and unseen tasks. It is even competitive with pre-training on real images from Imagenet.
Therapeutic effects of equine amniotic membrane suspension on corneal re‐epithelialization and haze in a modified lagomorph ex vivo wound healing model (2021)

Area and intensity of corneal wound haze were significantly reduced in corneas treated with gamma irradiated eAM suspension, which may be due to previously identified therapeutic proteins which promote corneal clarity.
Efficient computation of the periodic Green's function in layered dielectric media (1993)

A technique for the efficient computation of the periodic Green's function in layered dielectric media is presented. The technique is based on expanding the spectral Green's function into a finite number of inverse-transformable complex exponential functions. This enables the use of Poisson's summation formula to express the periodic Green's function as a combined sum of spectral terms and spatial terms, each set of which is rapidly convergent. Numerical results are obtained for the on-plane case, in which the direct summation of the series converges extremely slowly. Using the accelerated summation formula of this study, a computation time reduction of 160-fold is obtained. The technique can be applied to a wide class of problems in which periodic structures are to be modeled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Robustness of TOA and TDOA Positioning Under Suboptimal Weighting Conditions (2007)

The performance robustness of time of arrival (TOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) is evaluated when measurement variances are not accurately known or are approximated. If the actual variances are applied, then TOA and TDOA are known to have equal performance. However, if suboptimal weighting matrices are applied either due to inaccurate knowledge of measurement error statistics or for simplified implementations in practice, there are performance losses proportional to the number of ranging sources.
Evaluation, selection and generation of I(DDQ) tests (1997)

In this dissertation. we study computational problems related to $I\sb{DDQ}$ testing of VLSI circuits. Briefly, solutions to this set of problems lead to efficient Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools used in the design and test phases of VLSI circuits.
Fault simulation algorithms evaluate the effectiveness of a test set in detecting faults in the given circuit. A measure of effectiveness of a test set is fault coverage, which is the fraction of faults detected by the test set. In this dissertation, we use the bridging fault (BF) model. For a typical VLSI circuit the number BFs can be large. Hence simulating all BFs in a circuit by explicitly enumerating all of them can be computationally expensive. In our approach, using implicit enumeration techniques for BFs, we obtain time and space efficient fault simulation algorithms for combinational and sequential circuits. This is demonstrated using experimental results.
Test Compression is the process of reducing the number of input test vectors applied to a given circuit without affecting fault coverage. In $I\sb{DDQ}$ measurement based testing, this problem has a different flavour and it is referred to as subset selection. The importance of this problem lies in the fact that $I\sb{DDQ}$ measurement is a very slow process. We study the problem of selecting $I\sb{DDQ}$ tests for both combinational and sequential circuits. To the best of our knowledge this problem has not been addressed for BFs. We show how $I\sb{DDQ}$ test selection can be modelled using SETCOVER.
We have developed a test generation scheme for generating tests for BFs in combinational and sequential CMOS circuits. Our method is complete in that by using our approach, tests for any detectable BF in the given circuit can be computed. Our method is flexible enough that it can target all types of BFs. In addition we show that it is computationally efficient and can be used for ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 benchmark circuits.
Testing the Strong-Stretching Assumption in a Block Copolymer Microstructure (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTesting the Strong-Stretching Assumption in a Block Copolymer MicrostructureM. W. Matsen and F. S. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 26, 8884–8886Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00130a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00130a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of Cavity-Enhanced Comb-Based Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy to Line Shape Study of Carbon Monoxide in Argon (2018)

We performed measurements of overtone band of CO using cavity-enhanced Fourier-transform spectrometer with sub-nominal resolution. The system's performance allows to study collisional effects not described by the Voigt profile and precise determination of line parameters.
Omphalone, an Antibiotically Active Benzoquinone Derivative from Fermentations of Lentinellus omphalodes [1] (1991)

Omphalone, a new antibiotic, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic pigment has been isolated from fermentations of a Canadian strain of Lentinellus omphalodes. Its structure has been established as 2-(4-methylfuran-2-yl)-1,4-benzoquinone (1) by spectroscopic investigations and conversion into leuco-acetate 2.
Cationic Polymerization Astronomy. Synthesis of Polymer Stars by Cationic Means (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic Polymerization Astronomy. Synthesis of Polymer Stars by Cationic MeansJ. P. Kennedy and S. JacobView Author Information Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 12, 835–841Publication Date (Web):September 24, 1998Publication History Received11 February 1998Published online24 September 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar950065khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar950065kresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views592Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Elastomers,Living polymerization,Plastics,Polymers,Viscosity Get e-Alerts
Front end optimization for the monolithic active pixel sensor of the ALICE Inner Tracking System upgrade (2016)

ALICE plans to replace its Inner Tracking System during the second long shut down of the LHC in 2019 with a new 10 m(2) tracker constructed entirely with monolithic active pixel sensors. The TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS imaging Sensor process has been selected to produce the sensor as it offers a deep pwell allowing full CMOS in-pixel circuitry and different starting materials. First full-scale prototypes have been fabricated and tested. Radiation tolerance has also been verified. In this paper the development of the charge sensitive front end and in particular its optimization for uniformity of charge threshold and time response will be presented.
Secondary structure of the pore‐forming colicin A and its C‐terminal fragment (1985)

Conformational investigations, using circular dichroism, on the pore-forming protein, colicin A (Mr 60 000), and a C-terminal bromelain fragment (Mr 20 000) were undertaken to estimate their secondary structure and to search for pH-dependent conformational changes. Colicin A and the bromelain peptide are mainly alpha-helical with an enrichment of the alpha-helical content in the C-terminal domain carrying the ionophoric activity. The non-negligible beta-sheet structure in the C-terminal domain is unstable and is easily transformed into alpha-helix upon decreasing the polarity of the solvent. No evidence of pH-dependent conformational modification, correlated with modification of colicin A activity, could be obtained. The secondary structure estimated on the basis of experimental data favoured a model in which the pore is built of a minimal number of six transmembrane alpha-helical segments. Search for such segments in the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of colicin A was carried out by combining secondary structure prediction methods with hydrophobicity and hydrophobic movement calculations. Similar calculations on the C-terminal domains of colicin E1 and IB indicate a common structure of the pores formed by colicin A, E1 and IB. Only two or three putative transmembrane segments could be selected in the sequences of colicin A, IB or E1. As a result, it is concluded that the channel is probably not built by a single colicin molecule but more likely by an oligomer.
Positive interactions are common among culturable bacteria (2020)

Abstract Interspecies interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities. In particular, positive, growth-promoting interactions can significantly affect the diversity and productivity of natural and engineered communities. However, the prevalence of positive interactions and the conditions in which they occur are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used kChip, an ultra-high throughput coculture platform, to measure 180,408 interactions among 20 soil bacteria across 40 carbon environments. We find that positive interactions, often described to be rare, occur commonly, primarily as parasitisms between strains that differ in their carbon consumption profiles. Notably, non-growing strains are almost always promoted by strongly growing strains (85%), suggesting a simple positive interaction-mediated approach for cultivation, microbiome engineering, and microbial consortium design. One Sentence Summary Experimental measurement of &gt;150,000 bacterial cocultures reveals that growth-promoting interactions occur commonly and depend on differences in nutrient consumption preferences.
Optimizing for Video Storage Networking With Recommender Systems (2012)

Driven mainly by its adoption as a new media distribution platform for content providers and its ubiquitous availability for the end user's media production and consumption, the Internet is rapidly reshaping. In particular, the stakeholders in the content distribution market are considering exploiting content delivery networks (CDNs) to play a key enabling role allowing them to become part of related value chains. In this paper we discuss how such CDNs rely on autonomous algorithms to optimally use the storage resources, i.e., reducing bandwidth on feeder links, while providing quality of experience (QoE) to the end user. A model is presented to allow the comparison of algorithms that rely on measuring content popularity versus new recommender based algorithms that base caching decisions on predictions of individual end user behavior. The performance and the dynamics of these algorithmic components are assessed based on a theoretical demand model for a cache deployed at one of the various levels in a tree-based access network, inclusive of a single user cache. This scientific analysis allows to carefully pitch some considerations towards infrastructure network providers that deploy such storage networking. © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent.
Downlink Multiuser Scheduling Algorithms with HSDPA Closed-Loop Feedback Information (2005)

System capacity can be increased if the base station (BS) is equipped with additional channel state information (CSI) of the downlink channel. In an FDD system, this means that mobiles have to provide CSI through some feedback mechanism. Although the two feedback modes included in the present WCDMA HSDPA standard have been designed for one-by-one transmission, a significant downlink throughput improvement can be achieved with multiuser scheduling (MS) [A. Dowhuszko et al., 2005]. In this paper we propose two practical MS algorithms compatible with the current HSDPA specification, that provide a significant performance gain at moderate power regimes, compared to the systems that transmit sequentially to the user with best channel.
Functional ionotropic glutamate receptors emerge during terminal cell division and early neuronal differentiation of rat neuroepithelial cells (2000)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate fast forms of excitatory synaptic transmission in mature neurons and may play critical roles in neuronal development. However, the developmental stage at which neuronal cells begin to express functional receptors and their roles in lineage progression remain unclear. In the present study, neural precursor cells were isolated from the cortical neuroepithelium of embryonic day 13 rats, and rapidly expanded in serum-free medium in response to basic fibroblast growth factor. RT-PCR revealed the presence of mRNAs encoding AMPA(A), AMPA(C), KA(1), KA(2), NMDA(1), and NMDA(2D) subunits after 3 days in culture. The functional expression of AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors was investigated using Ca(2+) imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques in cells pulse-labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 1-4 hr. The recorded cells were then double-immunostained for BrdU incorporation and neuron-specific beta-tubulin (TuJ1). The results show that AMPA/kainate and NMDA induced increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) and inward currents only in differentiating neurons. In contrast, proliferating (BrdU(+)TuJ1(-)) cells failed to respond to any ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Interestingly, Ca(2+) imaging revealed that a subpopulation of BrdU(+)TuJ1(+) cells also responded to AMPA, indicating the emergence of functional ionotropic AMPA/kainate receptors during terminal cell division and the earliest commitment to neuronal cell lineage. These in vitro results were supported by flow cytometric sorting of AMPA-responsive cells pulse-labeled with BrdU for 1 hr in vivo, which revealed that functional AMPA receptors appear in BrdU(+)TuJ1(+) cells under physiological conditions and may play a role in terminal cell division.
Interaction of N-nitrosamines with binuclear copper complexes for luminescent detection (2023)

Cu(I) from tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate ([Cu(MeCN)<sub>4</sub>]PF<sub>6</sub>) was complexed with five structurally related phosphines containing N-heterocycles. The interactions between the resulting complexes and some <i>N</i>-nitrosamines were studied using X-ray crystallography as well as emission spectroscopy. Upon complexation, three phosphine ligands bridge two Cu(I) centers to give paddlewheel type structures that displayed a range of emission wavelengths spanning the visible region. <i>N</i>-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was shown to coordinate to one of the two copper centers in some of the paddlewheel complexes in the solid state and this interaction also quenches their emissions in solution. The influence of the weakly coordinating anion on crystal and spectroscopic properties of one of the paddlewheel complexes was also examined using tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(MeCN)<sub>4</sub>]ClO<sub>4</sub>) as an alternative Cu(I) source. Similarly, copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate (Cu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) was used for complexation to observe the impact of metal oxidation state on the two aforementioned properties. Lastly, the spectroscopic properties of the complex between Ph<sub>2</sub>P(1-Isoquinoline) and Cu(I) was shown to exhibit solvent dependence when the counterion is ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>. These Cu(I) complexes are bench stable solids and may be useful materials for developing a fluorescence based detection method for <i>N</i>-nitrosamines.
Distributed Congestion Control Exploiting Local Congestion Information for Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (2021)

In a 3GPP LTE cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication network, each in-vehicle device independently selects and manages available radio resources using the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SB-SPS) medium access control (MAC) algorithm. As the density of in-vehicle devices increases, packet collisions increase, which leads to performance deterioration in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and inter-packet gap (IPG). This paper introduces a distributed congestion control (DCC) algorithm, in which each in-vehicle device independently determines the message transmission time interval (TTI) by considering the estimated density of in-vehicle devices from the local dynamic map (LDM). The optimal TTI is deduced using MAC simulation, and the proposed DCC is shown to outperform the previous channel busy ratio (CBR)-based DCC in terms of PDR and IPG.
Pathogenicity of H5N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated in Vietnam between Late 2003 and 2005 (2006)

Since late 2003, highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses have spread among poultry and wild aquatic birds in Asian countries. Transmission of these viruses to humans can be lethal. Most human cases of infection with H5N1 viruses have occurred in Vietnam. Therefore, to understand the pathogenicity in mammals of these H5N1 viruses, we took viruses isolated from poultry (5 strains) and humans (2 strains) in Vietnam and tested their virulence in mice. The results showed that the H5N1 viruses from humans were pathogenic in mice and that one avian isolate was also pathogenic. These findings suggested that the H5N1 viruses circulating in poultry adapted during replication in humans or that strains pathogenic in mice were transmitted directly to humans.