gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Empathic Neural Responses Predict Group Allegiance (2018)

Watching another person in pain activates brain areas involved in the sensation of our own pain. Importantly, this neural mirroring is not constant; rather, it is modulated by our beliefs about their intentions, circumstances, and group allegiances. We investigated if the neural empathic response is modulated by minimally-differentiating information (e.g., a simple text label indicating another's religious belief), and if neural activity changes predict ingroups and outgroups across independent paradigms. We found that the empathic response was larger when participants viewed a painful event occurring to a hand labeled with their own religion (<i>ingroup</i>) than to a hand labeled with a different religion (<i>outgroup</i>). Counterintuitively, the magnitude of this bias correlated positively with the magnitude of participants' self-reported empathy. A multivariate classifier, using mean activity in empathy-related brain regions as features, discriminated <i>ingroup</i> from <i>outgroup</i> with 72% accuracy; the classifier's confidence correlated with belief certainty. This classifier generalized successfully to validation experiments in which the <i>ingroup</i> condition was based on an arbitrary group assignment. Empathy networks thus allow for the classification of long-held, newly-modified and arbitrarily-formed ingroups and outgroups. This is the first report of a single machine learning model on neural activation that generalizes to multiple representations of ingroup and outgroup. The current findings may prove useful as an objective diagnostic tool to measure the magnitude of one's group affiliations, and the effectiveness of interventions to reduce ingroup biases.
Remotely Interrogated Passive Polarizing Dosimeter (RIPPeD). (2008)

Conductive polymers have become an extremely useful class of materials for many optical applications. We have developed an electrochemical growth method for depositing highly conductive ({approx}100 S/cm) polypyrrole. Additionally, we have adapted advanced fabrication methods for use with the polypyrrole resulting in gratings with submicron features. This conductive polymer micro-wire grid provides an optical polarizer with unique properties. When the polymer is exposed to ionizing radiation, its conductivity is affected and the polarization properties of the device, specifically the extinction ratio, change in a corresponding manner. This change in polarization properties can be determined by optically interrogating the device, possibly from a remote location. The result is a passive radiation-sensitive sensor with very low optical visibility. The ability to interrogate the device from a safe standoff distance provides a device useful in potentially dangerous environments. Also, the passive nature of the device make it applicable in applications where external power is not available. We will review the polymer deposition, fabrication methods and device design and modeling. The characterization of the polymer's sensitivity to ionizing radiation and optical testing of infrared polarizers before and after irradiation will also be presented. These experimental results will highlight the usefulness of the conductive infrared polarizer to many security and monitoring applications.
Supplementary Table 1 from External Validation of a Multiplex Urinary Protein Panel for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in a Multicenter Cohort (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 12K, Summary of cubic-root transformed^ biomarker data by institute.&lt;/p&gt;
Synergy between 6G and AI: Open Future Horizons and Impending Security Risks (2022)

This paper investigates the synergy between 6G and AI. It argues that they can unlock future horizons, by discussing how they can address future challenges in healthcare, transportation, virtual reality, education, resource management, robotics, in addition to public safety and warfare. However, these great opportunities come also with greater risk. Therefore, the paper provides an overview of the security risks and challenges, along with possible mitigation techniques.
Overlay performance assessment of MAPPER's FLX-1200 (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Mapper Lithography has introduced its first product, the FLX–1200, which is installed at CEA-Leti in Grenoble (France). This is a mask less lithography system, based on massively parallel electron-beam writing with high-speed optical data transport for switching the electron beams. This FLX platform is initially targeted for 1 wph performance for 28 nm technology nodes, but can also be used for less demanding imaging. The electron source currently integrated is capable of scaling to 10 wph at the same resolution performance, which will be implemented by gradually upgrading the illumination optics. The system has an optical alignment system enabling mix-and-match with optical 193 nm immersion systems using standard NVSM marks. The tool at CEA-Leti is in-line with a Sokudo Duo clean track. Mapper Lithography and CEA-Leti are working in collaboration to develop turnkey solution for specific applications. At previous conferences we have presented imaging results including 28nm node resolution, cross wafer CDu of 2.5nm 3 and a throughput of half a wafer per hour, overhead times included. At this conference we will present results regarding the overlay performance of the FLX-1200. In figure 2 an initial result towards measuring the overlay performance of the FLX-1200 is shown. We have exposed a wafer twice without unloading the wafer in between exposures. In the first exposure half of a dense dot array is exposed. In the second exposure the remainder of the dense dot array is exposed. After development the wafer has been inspected using a CD-SEM at 480 locations distributed over an area of 100mm x 100mm. For each SEM image the shift of the pattern written in the first exposure relative to the pattern written in the second exposure is measured. Cross wafer this shift is 7 nm u+3s in X and 5 nm u+3s in Y. The next step is to evaluate the impact of unloading and loading of the wafer in between exposures. At the conference the latest results will be presented.
A divalent protecting group for benzoxaboroles (2013)

1-Dimethylamino-8-methylaminonaphthalene is put forth as a protecting group for benzoxaboroles. The ensuing complex is fluorescent, charge-neutral, highly stable under basic conditions, stable to anhydrous acid, and readily cleavable in aqueous acid to return the free benzoxaborole.
O2-Transport Albumin: A New Hybrid-Haemoprotein Incorporating Tetraphenylporphinatoiron(II) Derivative (1995)

Abstract 2-[8-{N-(2-methylimidazolyl)}octanoyloxymethyl]-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivalamido)phenylporphinatoiron(II) is incorporated into the human serum albumin, which reversibly forms a stable O2-adduct under physiological conditions (in aqueous medium, pH 7.4, 37 °C) similar to haemoglobin.
Rapid protein display profiling of cancer progression directly from human tissue using a protein biochip This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.Questions concerning the Ciphergen SELDI instrumentation should be directed to Tai-Tung Yip, Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA. (2000)

The complicated, changing pattern of protein expression should contain important information about the pathologic process taking place in the cells of actual tissue. Utilization of this information for the selection of druggable targets could be possible if a means existed to rapidly analyze and display changes in protein expression in defined microscopic cellular subpopulations. As a demonstration of feasibility, we show the generation of sensitive, rapid, and reproducible molecular weight protein profiles of patient-matched normal, premalignant, malignant, and metastatic microdissected cell populations from stained human esophageal, prostate, breast, ovary, colon, and hepatic tissue sections through the application of an affinity-based biochip. Reproducible, discriminatory protein biomarker profiles can be obtained from as few as 25 cells in less than 5 min from dissection to the generation of the protein fingerprint. Furthermore, these protein pattern profiles reveal reproducible changes in expression as cells undergo malignant transformation, and are discriminatory for different tumor types. Consistent protein changes were identified in the microdissected cells from patient-matched tumor and normal epithelium from eight out of eight different malignant esophageal tissue sets and three out of three malignant prostate tissue sets. A means to rapidly generate a display of expressed proteins from microscopic cellular populations sampled from tissue could be an important enabling technology for pharmacoproteomics, molecular pathology, drug intervention strategies, therapeutic assessment of drug entities, disease diagnosis, toxicity, and gene therapy monitoring. Drug Dev. Res. 49:34–42, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Understand users’ comprehension and preferences for composing information visualizations (2014)

We are developing an automated visualization system that helps users combine two or more existing information graphics to form an integrated view. To establish empirical foundations for building such a system, we designed and conducted two studies on Amazon Mechanical Turk to understand users’ comprehension and preferences of composite visualization under different conditions (e.g., data and tasks). In Study 1, we collected more than 1,500 textual descriptions capturing about 500 participants’ insights of given information graphics, which resulted in a task-oriented taxonomy of visual insights. In Study 2, we asked 240 participants to rank composite visualizations by their suitability for acquiring a given visual insight identified in Study 1, which resulted in ranked user preferences of visual compositions for acquiring each type of insight. In this article, we report the details of our two studies and discuss the broader implications of our crowdsourced research methodology and results to HCI-driven visualization research.
Preclinical anxiolytic profiles of 7189 and 8319, novel non-competitive NMDA antagonists. (1990)

Antagonists at excitatory amino acid receptors, especially the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype, have been shown to possess anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties (Clineschmidt et al., 1982; Croucher et al., 1982; Bennett and Amrick, 1986). 7189 and 8319, two closely related benzeneethanamines, are potential novel anxiolytic agents which bind with high affinity to the NMDA receptor at the non-competitive site and are relatively non-toxic (LD50's-160 mg/kg, ip). 7189 and 8319 showed anxiolytic effects in schedule controlled conflict assays as well as in the social interaction (SI) and elevated plus maze (EPM) procedures in rats. Following intraperitoneal administration of 7189 at 20 to 60 mg/kg, conflict responding was increased from 2- to 7-fold in the modified Cook and Davidson and Geller conflict paradigms. 8319, at 2.5 to 5 mg/kg, produced a two fold increase in conflict responding. In the non-schedule controlled procedures, 7189 at 20 mg/kg increased SI time by 23% while in the EPM at 10 to 20 mg/kg, open arm exploration time increased by 41 to 77%. Likewise, 8319 at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg increased open arm exploration and SI time by 50 and 37%, respectively. In summary, 7189 and 8319 were efficacious in four behavioral procedures predictive of potential anxiolytic agents. Although these compounds have not been submitted for clinical evaluation, they may represent a new class of beneficial compounds for the treatment of anxiety.
Inhibition of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal Hsd:(ICR)BR Swiss miceby polyether ionophores and aromatic amidines (1991)

Cryptosporidicidal effects of two polyether ionophores (maduramicin and alborixin), a fluorinated 4-quinolone (enrofloxacin), and three analogs of pentamidine were evaluated in a suckling mouse bioassay. Treatment with all compounds except enrofloxacin and one of the pentamidine analogs [1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxy)propane] resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in oocyst excretion.
Recovery of spatial alternation deficits following selective hippocampal destruction with kainic acid. (1986)

Elimination of hippocampal CA3 and CA4 pyramidal cells with kainic acid (KA) induces a performance deficit on a forced-choice alternation task, which recovers over time. In order to determine whether superior cervical ganglion (SCG) fibers sprouting into the hippocampus contribute to behavioral recovery, 31 Sprague-Dawley rats were first trained on a forced-choice task. After reaching criterion performance levels, animals received either KA or saline injections into the hippocampus and were again tested on the forced-choice task. Half of the rats had their SCG removed 35 days after injections, and all were again tested on the forced-choice task. Analysis of variance showed animals receiving KA took significantly longer to reach criterion following injections. Removal of the SCG after recovery reintroduced the performance deficit of KA-treated rats on the alternation task; no other group showed any effect for SCG removal. Results are interpreted as indicating that the SCG may have a modulatory effect in behavioral recovery, although other mechanisms may also be operating.
CO2 Insertion into Metal–Carbon Bonds: A Computational Study of RhI Pincer Complexes (2011)

Catalytic carboxylation reactions that use CO(2) as a C1 building block are still among the 'dream reactions' of molecular catalysis. To obtain a deeper insight into the factors that control the fundamental steps of potential catalytic cycles, we performed a detailed computational study of the insertion reaction of CO(2) into rhodium-alkyl bonds. The minima and transition-state geometries for 38 pincer-type complexes were characterized and the according energies for the C-C bond-forming step were determined. The electronic properties of the Rh-alkyl bond were found to be more important for the magnitude of the activation barrier than the interaction between rhodium and CO(2). The charge of the alkyl-chain carbon atom, as well as agostic and orbital interactions with the rhodium, exhibit the most pronounced influence on the energy of the transition states for the CO(2) insertion reaction. By varying the backbone and the donor groups of the pincer ligand those properties can be tuned over a very broad range. Thus, it is possible to match the electronic and steric properties with the fundamental requirements of the CO(2) insertion into rhodium-alkyl bonds of the ligand framework.
A Full-Wave Model Analysis on Noise Reduction and Impedance of Power-Bus Cavity with Differential Signaling (2006)

This paper presents a study on the differential signaling for the rectangular power-bus structure. The full-wave modal analysis method analyzes how the differential-signaling can lower the power-bus resonance noise levels. The methodology is validated by the use of the FDTD method and reference measurements.
NR3A Modulates the Outer Vestibule of the “NMDA” Receptor Channel (2006)

Classical NMDA receptors (NMDARs), activated by glycine and glutamate, are heteromultimers comprised of NR1 and NR2 subunits. Coexpression of the novel NR3 family of NMDAR subunits decreases the magnitude of NR1/NR2 receptor-mediated currents or forms glycine-activated channels with the NR1 subunit alone. The second (M2) and third (M3) membrane segments of NR1 and NR2 subunits of classical NMDARs form the core of the channel permeation pathway. Structural information regarding NR1/NR3 channels remains unknown. Using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and the SCAM (substituted cysteine accessibility method), we found that M3 segments of both NR1 and NR3A form a narrow constriction in the outer vestibule of the channel, which prevents passage of externally applied sulfhydryl-specific agents. The most internal reactive residue in each M3 segment is the threonine in the conserved SYTANLAAF motif. These threonines appear to be symmetrically aligned. Several NR3A M3 mutations change the behavior of NR1/NR3A channels. Unlike NR1, however, the M3 segment of NR3A does not undergo extensive molecular rearrangement during channel gating by added glycine. Additionally, in the M2 segment, our data suggest that the amino acid at the asparagine (N) site of NR1, but not NR3A, contributes to the selectivity filter of NR1/3A channels. We therefore conclude that NR3A modulates the NR1/NR3A permeation pathway via a novel mechanism of forming a narrow constriction at the outer channel vestibule. This modified channel vestibule may also explain the dominant-negative effect of the NR3 subunit on channel behavior when coexpressed with NR1 and NR2 subunits.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and P40 induce day 15 murine fetal thymocyte proliferation in combination with IL-2. (1990)

Cytokines are known to play a key role in the development of several hemopoietic lineages including lymphocytes. Two cytokines: IL-4 (in the presence of PMA) and IL-7 have been shown to induce immature fetal thymocyte proliferation. It has also been suggested that IL-2 plays an important role in fetal T cell development. In this report, we investigated the effects of several cytokines (known to be growth factors for T-lineage cells) on fetal thymocyte proliferation. Our results indicate that: 1) TNF-alpha and a newly described cytokine, P40, enhance fetal thymocyte proliferation stimulated by IL-2 (but not IL-4 or IL-7). 2) The enhancement induced by P40 is not mediated by TNF-alpha because blocking antibodies against this cytokine failed to inhibit this response. 3) IL-4 inhibits fetal thymocyte proliferation in response to TNF-alpha + IL-2 or to IL-7 but not to P40 + IL-2. Finally, 4) the proliferating cells to all cytokine combinations used were Thy-1+. These observations suggest that these cytokine combinations induce independent pathways of T cell proliferation in the developing thymus.
Qualitative detection of the Marburg I alloenzyme of factor VII-activating protease by an immunoassay and its comparison to PCR testing (2010)

The data demonstrate that an immunoassay applying antibodies specific to the MRI FSAP alloenzyme can provide sufficiently accurate detection of the MRI SNP. This will significantly simplify MRI FSAP testing, particularly in large cohorts.
The Torque of High Speed Scanning Micromirrors with Vertical Combdrives (2003)

200 µm by 200 µm scanning micromirror actuated by vertical combdrives was fabricated. It is important to estimate the torque in order to know the tilt angle. We propose a way to estimate the torque by using the capacitance derived from the overlap area between the upper and lower comb teeth. The tilt angle that was estimated using the calculated torque was about 80% of the measured tilt.
Material Stability and Cation Transport of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ in SOFC Cathodic Conditions (2011)

Material stability and cation transport of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ were investigated by long-term annealing of the sintered pellets with and without applying oxygen potential gradients. The heat treatments at 1073 - 1273 K under uniform p(O 2 ) of 1.0 x 10 -4 - 0.21 bar for one week did not make any notable changes on the pellets. However, significant changes were observed when the pellets were placed under oxygen potential gradient between 1.0 bar oxygen and diluted oxygen (1.0 x 10 -4 - 1.0 x 10 -1 bar of p(O 2 )). On the high p(O 2 ) side, many particles of cobalt and strontium oxide were found on the surface at 1273 K. The amount of the deposited particles increased with decreasing oxygen potential on the opposite side and/or increasing temperature. The results indicated that the cobalt and strontium ions are faster than the other cations and the cobalt ions are fastest among the cations involved in the LSCF.
Effect of Blade Leading Edge Sweep on the Performance of a High Pressure Centrifugal Compressor Impeller (2008)

The effects of blade leading edge sweep on both the aerodynamic performance and the structure stress of a high pressure centrifugal compressor impeller are numerically investigated. Changes in the flow structure occur as a result of the effect of leading edge sweep on the loading distribution in the tip region. The flow separation is avoided by introducing a sweep of the main blade leading edge and the strength of shock is reduced at the same time. Backswept of the leading edge is found to be beneficial to the impeller performance improving. On the other hand, the structural analysis indicated that high rotating speed of the impeller will cause substantial high bending stresses and radial deflections of the blade. Studies have shown that it is possible to control the stress distribution along the tip and root of the blade by slight adjustments to the sweep angle of the leading edge. These adjustments may be used to design the impeller with lower blade root stress distribution without aerodynamics performance penalty.
Comparison of characteristics of AlGaN channel HEMTs formed on SiC and sapphire substrates (2009)

The fundamental device characteristics of AlGaN channel high electron mobility transistors formed on 4H-SiC and sapphire substrates are compared, and it is found that the drivability is apparently better for the SiC substrate. Judging from the simultaneous enhancement in mobility and the carrier concentration of the two-dimensional electron gases for the SiC substrate, the advantages of the SiC substrate originate from the excellent crystal quality of the AlGaN channel layer including the interface with the AlGaN barrier layer, which should be due to less lattice mismatch with the substrate.
The art of specifying optics for scatter (2006)

Light scatter is a bothersome source of noise in many optical systems. As one example, this is particularly true for telescopes and weapons systems where imaging, tracking and identifying relatively weak signals in the presence of much stronger light sources is critical. As a general rule optical components are not specified for scatter. Instead, almost across the optics industry roughness specifications are routinely (and inadequately) substituted. Issues include: misuse (or ignoring) spatial frequency bandwidths for roughness specifications, using one dimensional roughness statistics for two dimensional applications, ignoring profilometer high frequency roll off (where a lot of scatter is generated) and ignoring the effects surface coatings have on scatter. As an example most roughness measurements extend only to spatial frequencies of about 0.1 &#956;m<sup>-1</sup>, which corresponds to visible scatter only about five degrees from the reflected specular beam. Scatter into the rest of the hemisphere is ignored. The problems are not easy. Measuring every optic for scatter at the wavelengths of use, for example, is not a reasonable solution. This paper reviews the relevant technical issues and indicates a cost effective solution that will drop optical noise floors if implemented by both government contractors and their vendors.
Virtual terminal management in a multiple process environment (1979)

Rochester's Intelligent Gateway provides its users with the facilities for communicating simultaneously with a large number of processes spread out among various computer systems. We have adopted the philosophy that the user should be able to manage any number of concurrent tasks or jobs, viewing their output on his display device as he desires. To achieve this goal the Virtual Terminal Management System (VTMS) converts a single physical terminal into multiple virtual terminals, each of which may be written to or queried for user input. VTMS extends the features of the physical terminal by providing extensive editing facilities, the capacity to maintain all output In disk-based data structures, and sophisticated mechanisms for the management of screen space. Virtual terminals are device-independent; the specific characteristics of the physical terminal are known only to the lowest-level I/O handlers for that device. VTMS Is currently running on a network of six minicomputers supporting various text and raster-graphics displays.