gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II study of intratumoral injection of SD-101, an immunostimulatory CpG, and intratumoral injection of ipillumumab, an anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, in combination with local radiation in low-grade B-cell lymphomas. (2015)

TPS8604 Background: Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality for low grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. SD-101 (Dynavax Technologies) is an immunostimulatory synthetic CpG molecule that activates toll-like receptor 9. Intratumoral CpG injection produced local and abscopal anti-lymphoma immune responses with minimal systemic toxicity in an early phase clinical trial (Brody J et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010). Resistance to CpG is thought to be due to the induction of immune tolerance following an initial immune stimulation. Ipilimumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb) is a monoclonal anti-CTLA-4 antibody that interrupts inhibitory signaling on the surface of T cells, thus blocking the development of immune tolerance. Preclinical models show intratumoral injection of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies can produce systemic anti-tumor immune responses at a fraction of the standard systemic dose, thereby limiting adverse autoimmune side effects. This trial proposes a local low-dose immunomodulation strategy combining intratumoral CpG, intratumoral ipilimumab, and local radiation to produce systemic immune responses with minimal toxicity. Methods: Up to 12 patients will be enrolled in the phase 1 dose escalation design to determine maximum tolerated dose of intratumoral ipilimumab with a set dose of SD-101, and an additional 15 patients will be enrolled in the phase II expanded cohort at the chosen ipilimumab dose. All patients initially receive two fractions of 2 Gy radiation. After radiation, patients receive intratumoral SD-101 (1mg) and ipilimumab (10mg or 25mg depending on dose cohort). Weekly SD-101 intratumoral injections continue for a total of 5 doses. The primary objective is to determine the safety and tolerability of increasing dose levels of intratumoral ipilimumab with SD-101. Eligible patients must have relapsed/refractory low grade B-cell lymphoma with a disease site amenable to intratumoral injection and a second measurable disease site to assess abscopal effects. This study is currently accruing and is supported by a grant from the NIH (CA188005). Clinical trial information: NCT02254772. Clinical trial information: NCT02254772.
Aerosol Delivery of Lung Surfactant and Nasal CPAP in the Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2022)

After shifting away from invasive mechanical ventilation and intratracheal instillation of surfactant toward non-invasive ventilation with nasal CPAP and less invasive surfactant administration in order to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, fully non-invasive surfactant nebulization is the next Holy Grail in neonatology. Here we review the characteristics of animal-derived (clinical) and new advanced synthetic lung surfactants and improvements in nebulization technology required to secure optimal lung deposition and effectivity of non-invasive lung surfactant administration. Studies in surfactant-deficient animals and preterm infants have demonstrated the safety and potential of non-invasive surfactant administration, but also provide new directions for the development of synthetic lung surfactant destined for aerosol delivery, implementation of breath-actuated nebulization and optimization of nasal CPAP, nebulizer circuit and nasal interface. Surfactant nebulization may offer a truly non-invasive option for surfactant delivery to preterm infants in the near future.
Respiratory‐Sympathetic Interactions and Central Baroreflex Pathways: Insights from Computational Modeling (2011)

The sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is modulated by respiratory activity which indicates the existence of direct interactions between the respiratory and sympathetic networks within the brainstem. Our experimental studies reveal the respiratory phase- and pontine-dependent effects of baroreceptor stimulation on both the respiratory pattern and the respiratory modulation of SNA. This suggests that the sympathetic baroreceptor reflex has two central pathways: one is independent of the respiratory-sympathetic interactions, and the other operates via the respiratory pattern generator and is dependent on the respiratory modulation of SNA. Our experimental studies in the perfused in situ rat preparation and complementary computational modeling studies support the hypothesis that baroreceptor activation during expiration prolongs the expiratory phase via activation of the post-inspiratory neurons of the Bötzinger Complex. Further, these neurons are critically involved in the respiratory modulation of SNA and mediate an additional central pathway of the sympathetic baroreceptor reflex. Supported by: NIH (R01 NS057815, R33 HL087379, R01 NS069220).
Preliminary results on grasping with vision and touch (2002)

This paper presents initial results in integrating touch with vision for delicate manipulation tasks. A generalizable framework of behavioral primitives for tactile and visual feedback control is proposed. Since vision provides position and shape information at a distance, while tactile provides small-scale geometric and force information, we focus on the complimentary roles of vision and touch. We demonstrate that visual feedback can perform the rough positioning needed for tactile sensor feedback, and that grasp force and object orientation can be sensed and controlled with tactile sensing. A force sensor based approach provides a comparison measure, and we observe that the use of tactile sensing results in a more gentle grasp.
Design and Verification of an FPGA-based Bit Error Rate Tester (2012)

Abstract Bit error rate (BER) is the principle measure of performance of a data transmission link. With the integration of high-speed transceivers inside a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the BER testing can now be handled by transceiver-enabled FPGA hardware. This provides a cheaper alternative to dedicated table-top equipment and offers the flexibility of test customization and data analysis. This paper presents a BER tester implementation based on the Altera Stratix II GX and IV GT development boards. The architecture of the tester is described. Lab test results and field test data analysis are discussed. The Stratix II GX tester operates at up to 5 Gbps and the Stratix IV GT tester operates at up to 10 Gbps, both in 4 duplex channels. The tester deploys a pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) generator and detector, a transceiver controller, and an error logger. It also includes a computer interface for data acquisition and user configuration. The tester's functionality was validated and its performance characterized in a point-to-point serial optical link setup. BER vs. optical receiver sensitivity was measured to emulate stressed link conditions. The Stratix II GX tester was also used in a proton test on a custom designed serializer chip to record and analyse radiation-induced errors.
Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes predict preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (2001)

Second-trimester elevated plasma TAT concentrations are predictive of subsequent PPROM. These data provide further evidence that PPROM is associated with decidual thrombin activation.
Transgenerational transmission of hedonic behaviors and metabolic phenotypes induced by maternal overnutrition (2018)

Maternal overnutrition has been associated with increased susceptibility to develop obesity and neurological disorders later in life. Most epidemiological as well as experimental studies have focused on the metabolic consequences across generations following an early developmental nutritional insult. Recently, it has been shown that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) affects third-generation female body mass via the paternal lineage. We showed here that the offspring born to HFD ancestors displayed addictive-like behaviors as well as obesity and insulin resistance up to the third generation in the absence of any further exposure to HFD. These findings, implicate that the male germ line is a major player in transferring phenotypic traits. These behavioral and physiological alterations were paralleled by reduced striatal dopamine levels and increased dopamine 2 receptor density. Interestingly, by the third generation a clear gender segregation emerged, where females showed addictive-like behaviors while male HFD offspring showed an obesogenic phenotype. However, methylome profiling of F1 and F2 sperm revealed no significant difference between the offspring groups, suggesting that the sperm methylome might not be the major carrier for the transmission of the phenotypes observed in our mouse model. Together, our study for the first time demonstrates that maternal HFD insult causes sustained alterations of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system suggestive of a predisposition to develop obesity and addictive-like behaviors across multiple generations.
Synthesis of (R, S)-[2,3-13C2]-1-(1′-methyl-2′-pyrrolidinyl)propan-2-one; {(R, S)-[2′,3′-13C2]hygrine} (1996)

2-Ethoxy-1-methyl-5-pyrrolidinone (1) was reacted with ethyl [3,4- 13 C 2 ]-acetoacetate (2) in the presence of TiCl 4 to give ethyl [3,4- 13 C 2 ]-2-(1'-methyl-5'-oxo-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoate (3) in 85% yield. Decarboethoxylation of ethyl [3,4- 13 C 2 ] -2-(1'-methyl-5'-oxo-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoate (3) was accomplished using NaCl and H 2 O in DMSO to give (R,S)-[2,3- 13 C 2 ]-1-(1'-methyl-5'-oxo-2'-pyrrolidinyl)propan-2-one (4) in 91% yield. Protection of the ketone as a ketal (ethylene glycol, H + ), followed by reduction of the amide to the amine using LiAlH 4 and subsequent deprotection of the ketal gave (R,S)-[2,3- 13 C 2 ]-1-(1'-methyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)propan-2-one ((R,S)-[2',3'- 13 C 2 ]Hygrine) (8) in 78% yield. (61% overall yield from ethyl [3,4- 13 C 2 ]acetoacetate).
Genetic discovery and translational decision support from exome sequencing of 20,791 type 2 diabetes cases and 24,440 controls from five ancestries (2018)

Abstract Protein-coding genetic variants that strongly affect disease risk can provide important clues into disease pathogenesis. Here we report an exome sequence analysis of 20,791 type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases and 24,440 controls from five ancestries. We identify rare (minor allele frequency&lt;0.5%) variant gene-level associations in (a) three genes at exome-wide significance, including a T2D-protective series of &gt;30 SLC30A8 alleles, and (b) within 12 gene sets, including those corresponding to T2D drug targets ( p =6.1×10 −3 ) and candidate genes from knockout mice ( p =5.2×10 −3 ). Within our study, the strongest T2D rare variant gene-level signals explain at most 25% of the heritability of the strongest common single-variant signals, and the rare variant gene-level effect sizes we observe in established T2D drug targets will require 110K-180K sequenced cases to exceed exome-wide significance. To help prioritize genes using associations from current smaller sample sizes, we present a Bayesian framework to recalibrate association p -values as posterior probabilities of association, estimating that reaching p &lt;0.05 ( p &lt;0.005) in our study increases the odds of causal T2D association for a nonsynonymous variant by a factor of 1.8 (5.3). To help guide target or gene prioritization efforts, our data are freely available for analysis at www.type2diabetesgenetics.org .
Electrocatalytic Conversion of Furanic Compounds (2016)

The electrocatalytic conversion of furanic compounds, i.e. mainly furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, has recently emerged as a potentially scalable technology for both oxidation and hydrogenation processes because of its highly valuable products. However, its practical application in industry is currently limited by low catalytic activity and product selectivity. Thus, a better understanding of the catalytic reactions as well as a strategy for the catalyst design can bring solutions for a complete and selective conversion into desired products. In this perspective, we review the status and challenges of electrocatalytic oxidation and hydrogenation of furanic compounds, including thermodynamics, voltammetric studies, and bulk electrolysis with important reaction parameters (i.e., catalyst, electrolyte, temperature, etc.) and reaction mechanisms. In addition, we introduce methods of energy-efficient electrocatalytic furanic synthesis by combining yields of anodic and cathodic reactions in a paired reactor or a reactor powered by a renewable energy source (i.e., solar energy). Current challenges and future opportunities are also discussed, aiming at industrial applications.
Secretome Analysis of Human BMSCs and Identification of SMOC1 as an Important ECM Protein in Osteoblast Differentiation (2010)

Extracellular matrix proteins have been implicated in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through paracrine or autocrine mechanisms. In the current study, we analyzed the secretory protein profiles of BMSCs grown in osteogenic medium (OSM) and identified SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1), a member of the SPARC family, as a regulator of osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs. BMSCs with high and low osteogenic potential were grouped and stimulated with OSM, after which conditioned medium was collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We identified 410 proteins, 64 of which were selectively secreted by high osteogenic potential BMSCs. Of these 64 secreted proteins, we selected extracellular matrix proteins for validation in BMSCs undergoing osteoblast differentiation and found that SMOC1 is highly expressed and secreted in BMSCs stimulated with OSM. To examine the role of SMOC1 in osteoblast differentiation, we analyzed the effect of SMOC1 knockdown and overexpression using shRNAs and wild-type cDNA, respectively. Knockdown of SMOC1 significantly inhibited mineralization and the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, while overexpression of SMOC1 substantially increased the expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes. Thus, validation of secretome profiling data identified SMOC1 as a putative regulator of osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs.
Precoder for DMT with insufficient cyclic prefix (2002)

Multi-carrier modulation is a modulation technique that enables higher transmission rate than traditional techniques, such as single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems. One implementation of multi-carrier modulation technique is discrete multi-tone (DMT). DMT used in asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL) and very high speed DSL (VDSL) systems has a fixed cyclic prefix length. When the impulse response of the channel is longer than the designed prefix length, for instance when the length of the line impulse response is very long, distortion will appear at the channel output in the form of interference between the carriers. This paper describes a method to remove this distortion by introducing a precoder at the transmitter. Although there will be a power increase when the precoder is used, the distortion is significantly reduced, yielding a performance improvement.
Removal of High‐Molecular‐Weight DNA by Carboxylated Magnetic Beads Enhances the Detection of Mutated K‐ras DNA in Urine (2008)

We have previously demonstrated that mutated DNA derived from the circulation can be detected in urine and predominantly exists as DNA fragments <1 kb. To preferentially isolate the trans-renal DNA from urine, we developed a method using carboxylated beads to separate high-MW (1 kb or larger) from low-MW DNA in urine. A primer set for 18s rRNA (generating a PCR product of 872 bp) was designed and optimized for real-time PCR quantification of high-MW DNA templates. To evaluate the method, urine samples from 5 volunteers with no known diseases and 36 patients with various colorectal diseases were collected and tested. It was found that the average removal efficiency of high-MW DNA from total urine DNA using carboxylated beads is 92.72%+/- 1.42%. Furthermore, compared with using total urine DNA, our method provides a greater ability to detect mutated K-ras in the urine of colorectal cancer patients. The concurrence of K-ras mutations detected in disease tissue and the corresponding urine specimen is significantly higher (P= 0.0015) when the samples were enriched in low-MW DNA.
Self-Reported Past Gestational Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Among Australian Women (2007)

At least 50% of women who have a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) progress to permanent type 2 diabetes (1). While few long-term studies have been undertaken (2), progression from GDM to abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) may not occur in all women. We hypothesized that if AGT occurs, then progression to diabetes would be more likely and that a greater excess of diabetes rather than impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)/impaired fasting glucose (IFG) would occur over time. We used two cohorts of Australian women who participated in either AusDiab (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study) (3,4) or CUDS (Crossroads Undiagnosed Disease Study) (5) to investigate the relationship between current glucose tolerance status and self-reported history of diagnosis of GDM.

AusDiab (May 1999 though December 2000) involved 42 randomly selected areas across Australia, and CUDS (June 2001 through March 2003) randomly selected households across six small towns and a regional center in rural Victoria, Australia (3–5). Both studies included residents aged ≥25 years within a household who responded to an initial census and used identical questionnaires and laboratories (and much of the same staff) for sample analysis. Attendance rates for women were 58% ( n = 6,198) and …
NO reduction utilizing complex oxide catalysts (2016)

Precious metal doped BaCeO<sub>3</sub> compounds show catalytic activity toward NO an order of magnitude higher than traditional supported precious metals.
Noncompliance with medical treatment: pseudomalabsorption of levothyroxine. (2001)

Euthyroidism could not be achieved in a 41-year-old woman with primary hypothyroidism despite escalating doses of oral levothyroxine as high as 600 microg and 100 microg of triiodothyronine daily. Clinical and biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism persisted even with the administration of intramuscular levothyroxine. There was no history compatible with drug-induced malabsorption of levothyroxine. Evaluation of serum showed no thyroid hormone autoantibodies. After hospitalization, intravenous levothyroxine therapy returned thyroid hormone to normal concentrations. Moreover, thyroid hormone loading tests revealed normal oral absorption of both levothyroxine and triiodothyronine. Noncompliance with medical treatment leading to pseudomalabsorption of levothyroxine should be considered in patients who have persistent hypothyroidism with high-dose replacement therapy.
Analysis and compensation of eddy currents in balanced SSFP (2005)

Balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) completely compensates for all gradients within each repetition time (TR), and is thus very sensitive to any magnetic field imperfection that disturbs the perfectly balanced acquisition scheme. It is demonstrated that balanced SSFP is especially sensitive to changing eddy currents that are induced by stepwise changing phase-encoding (PE) gradients. In contrast to the linear k-space trajectory, which has small variations between consecutive encoding steps, other encoding schemes (e.g., centric, random, or segmented orderings) exhibit significant jumps in k-space between adjacent PE steps, and consequently induce rapidly changing eddy currents. The resulting disturbances induce significant image artifacts, such that compensation strategies are essential when nonlinear PE schemes are applied. Although direct annihilation of the induced eddy currents by additional, opposing magnetic fields has been investigated, it is limited by uncertainty regarding the time evolution of induced eddy currents. A generic (and thus system-unrelated) compensation strategy is proposed that consists of "pairing" of consecutive PE steps. Another approach is based on partial dephasing along the slice direction that annihilates eddy-current-induced signal oscillations. Both pairing of the PE steps and "through-slice equilibration" are easy to implement and allow the use of arbitrary k-space trajectories for balanced SSFP.
Grant-Free Random Access in Massive MIMO for Static Low-Power IoT Nodes (2021)

Massive MIMO is a promising technology to enable a massive number of Internet of Things nodes to transmit short and sporadic data bursts at low power. In conventional cellular networks, devices use a grant-based random access scheme to initiate communications. This scheme relies on a limited set of orthogonal preambles, which simplify signal processing operations at network access points. However, it is not well suited for Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to: (i) the large protocol overhead, and (ii) the high probability of collision. In contrast to the grant-based scheme, a grant-free approach uses user-specific preambles and has a small overhead, at the expense of more complexity at access points. In this work, a grant-free method is proposed, applicable for both co-located and cell-free deployments. The method has a closed form solution, which results in a significantly low complexity with respect to the state-of-the art. The algorithm exploits the static nature of IoT devices through the use of prior channel state information. With a power budget of 1 mW, 64 antennas are sufficient to support 1000 nodes with 200 simultaneous access requests with a probability of false alarm and miss detection below 10-6 and 10-4, respectively.
Multilateral Control with Haptic Transmission Ratio (2007)

Skill education has been a serious problem in various fields. Since haptic information from the real environment is so important for human advanced skill as well as visual and audio information, the only conventional technology of visual and audio information could not realize accurate skill education. Thus, bilateral control that is able to transmit force sensation from the real environment may become a key technology. Then, multilateral control based on bilateral control that is able to transmit force sensation to several operators is suitable for skill education system. However, it is necessary for application of multilateral control to skill education based on haptic information that the influences from the operators are variable according to the trainee's skill acquisition level. Thus, this paper proposes multilateral control with the transmission ratio that is able to be designed according to the trainee's skill acquisition level. Then, five types of multilateral control are realized by designing the transmission ratio. Finally, the experiments results are shown in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Introduction to Mobile Wireless Systems (2016)

The evolution of wireless systems has taken place in a remarkably short time, delivering incredible technology advances that have changed the way people communicate and interact with each other. Those advances have come in several generations; the mobile wireless communication journey started with 1G, followed by 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G, the standard currently under specification. Each generation of wireless systems followed different evolutionary paths toward two unified targets: delivering greater performance and efficiency, and doing so in highly complex network deployments.