gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of ATGA Sequences by the Unfused Aromatic Dication DB293 Forming Stacked Dimers in the DNA Minor Groove (2001)

Furamidine and related diamidines represent a promising series of drugs active against widespread parasites, in particular the Pneumocystic carinii pathogen. In this series, the phenylfuranbenzimidazole diamidine derivative DB293 was recently identified as the first unfused aromatic dication capable of forming stacked dimers in the DNA minor groove of GC-containing sequences. Here we present a detailed biochemical and biophysical characterization of the DNA sequence recognition properties of DB293. Three complementary footprinting techniques using DNase I, Fe(II)-EDTA, and an anthraquinone photonuclease were employed to locate binding sites for DB293 in different DNA restriction fragments. Two categories of sites were identified by DNase I footprinting: (i) 4/5 bp sequences containing contiguous A.T pairs, such as 5'-AAAA and 5'-ATTA; and (ii) sequences including the motif 5'-ATGA.5'-TCAT. In particular, a 13-bp sequence including two contiguous ATGA motifs provided a highly preferential recognition site for DB293. Quantitative footprinting analysis revealed better occupancy of the 5'-ATGA site compared to the AT-rich sites. Preferential binding of DB293 to ATGA sites was also observed with other DNA fragments and was confirmed independently by means of hydroxyl radical footprinting generated by the Fe(II)-EDTA system, as well as by a photofootprinting approach using the probe anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS). In addition, this photosensitive reagent revealed the presence of sites of enhanced cutting specific to DB293. This molecule, but not other minor groove binders such as netropsin, induces specific local structural changes in DNA near certain binding sites, as independently shown by DNase I and the AQS probe. Recognition of the ATGA sequence by DB293 was investigated further using melting temperature experiments and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The use of different hairpin oligonucleotides showed that DB293 can interact with AT sites via the formation of 1:1 drug-DNA complexes but binds much more strongly, and cooperatively, to ATGA-containing sequences to form 2:1 drug-DNA complexes. DB293 binds strongly to ATGA sequences with no significant context dependence but is highly sensitive to the orientation of the target sequence. The formation of 2:1 DB293/DNA complexes is abolished by reversing the sequence 5'-ATGA-->3'-ATGA, indicating that directionality plays an important role in the drug-DNA recognition process. Similarly, a single mutation in the A[T-->G]GA sequence is very detrimental to the dimer interactions of DB293. From the complementary footprinting and SPR data, the 5'-ATGA sequence is identified as being a highly favored dimer binding site for DB293. The data provide clues for delineating a recognition code for diamidine-type minor groove binding agents, and ultimately to guide the rational design of gene regulatory molecules targeted to specific sites of the genetic material.
Notice of Removal: Retina stimulation on rat in vivo with low-frequency ultrasound (2017)

Removed.
Micro needling vs micro needling combined with autologous topical platelet rich plasma in the treatment of melasma: a prospective randomized comparative study (2021)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Melasma is one of the most common pigmentary disorders worldwide with a still unresolved pathogenesis and treatment continues to be challenging. To assess the effect of micro-needling vs combination of micro-needling followed by application of topical platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of melasma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty patients having melasma were randomly grouped into A and B. Group A underwent micro-needling alone and group B was subjected to micro-needling followed by topical application of autologous PRP. The patients were subjected to 3 treatment sessions at monthly intervals. Melasma area and severity index (MASI) and patient satisfaction scores were recorded at each sitting and the final outcome was recorded one month after the last session.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-four patients in group A and 27 patients from group B were selected for final analysis. There was significant improvement of MASI in both groups (Group A: p=0.001, group B: p=0.0001) however, the difference in improvement of MASI between the 2 groups was not significant (p=0.0457) Group B was highly satisfied with the treatment which was statistically significant (p=0.0001)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Combining micro-needling with topical PRP appears to be a promising therapeutic modality in the treatment of melasma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Asymmetric hydrogenation of imines with a recyclable chiral frustrated Lewis pair catalyst (2012)

A camphor based chiral phosphonium hydrido borate zwitterion was synthesised and successfully applied in the enantioselective hydrogenation of imines with selectivities up to 76% ee. The high stability of the novel chiral FLP-system enables effective recycling of the metal-free catalyst.
High-sensitivity HTS multi-channel receiver front-end for 900 MHz band mobile base station (2017)

This paper presents a high-sensitivity high-Tc superconducting (HTS) multi-channel receiver front-end for a 900 MHz band mobile base station. The front-end system has six input/output channels to correspond to a three-sector mobile base station. The front-end modules consist of a thermal insulation transmission line, a small HTS bandpass filter, a cryogenic low-noise amplifier and a high-reliability compact cryocooler. To realize a compact front-end system using a cryocooler, a low-loss thermal insulation transmission line is developed. The thermal insulation transmission line realizes an insertion loss of 0.08 dB and thermal conductivity 1/5 that of conventional thermal insulation semi-rigid coaxial cable. The characteristics of the developed HTS six-channel front-end system operated at 77 K include center frequency of 910 MHz, passband width of 15 MHz, and noise figure of 0.45 dB. The front-end system realized high sensitivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions Catalyzed by a C2‐Symmetric Bis(sulfoximine) Copper(II) Complex. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical breakdown in polar liquids (2004)

Summary form only given. The electrical breakdown in water and propylene carbonate was studied with respect to its application in fast rise-time, high repetition rate pulse power switches. A rectangular voltage pulse of 200 ns duration was applied to hemispherical-plane electrodes with a gap distance of 200-400 /spl mu/m. Electrical measurements and optical methods, such as photography, interferometry, Schlieren photography, and shadowgraphy have been used to study the temporal development from pre-breakdown to recovery. The electrical breakdown was found to develop from a tree-like, non-luminous structure, which initiates at the hemispherical electrode (cathode) into a single luminous filament. The maximum breakdown strength depends strongly on the electrode surface structure. For highly polished electrodes, 1.6 MV/cm for water and 2.2 MV/cm for propylene carbonate, were measured. The experimental results indicate that, for submicrosecond pulses, electron emission caused by the high electric fields in the cathode boundary layer is the cause for breakdown in polar liquids. The expanding plasma column generates, first shockwaves and, at a later stage, a vapor bubble which expands for 200 /spl mu/s and then decays with a time constant of 1 ms. This recovery time, which limits the switch repletion rate to 1 kHz, can be reduced by flowing the polar liquid through the gap.
UniAdapter: Unified Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for Cross-modal Modeling (2023)

Large-scale vision-language pre-trained models have shown promising transferability to various downstream tasks. As the size of these foundation models and the number of downstream tasks grow, the standard full fine-tuning paradigm becomes unsustainable due to heavy computational and storage costs. This paper proposes UniAdapter, which unifies unimodal and multimodal adapters for parameter-efficient cross-modal adaptation on pre-trained vision-language models. Specifically, adapters are distributed to different modalities and their interactions, with the total number of tunable parameters reduced by partial weight sharing. The unified and knowledge-sharing design enables powerful cross-modal representations that can benefit various downstream tasks, requiring only 1.0%-2.0% tunable parameters of the pre-trained model. Extensive experiments on 6 cross-modal downstream benchmarks (including video-text retrieval, image-text retrieval, VideoQA, and VQA) show that in most cases, UniAdapter not only outperforms the state-of-the-arts, but even beats the full fine-tuning strategy. Particularly, on the MSRVTT retrieval task, UniAdapter achieves 49.7% recall@1 with 2.2% model parameters, outperforming the latest competitors by 2.0%. The code and models are available at https://github.com/RERV/UniAdapter.
Resource allocation functionality with cluster aggregation (RAFCA) for secure HST video transmission (2023)

Abstract This paper presents an approach for resource allocation functionality with cluster aggregation (RAFCA) for securely transmitting surveillance videos in high-speed trains (HSTs). Each train wagon is assumed to be equipped with a surveillance camera, along with a mobile relay (MR) that communicates with the cellular base station (BS) on one hand and with the indoor devices inside the train on the other. The RAFCA approach is based on a permutation process of the video frames across multiple MRs, such that parts of the video captured by the camera of a given wagon are transmitted by the MRs of all other wagons. The probability of detection by an eavesdropper is calculated in this paper and shown to be negligible, which leads to the preservation of the privacy of the passengers. Moreover, the proposed approach is shown to have no or little impact on the quality of experience (QoE) of the transmitted videos, thus preventing quality degradation.
Artificial intelligence using deep learning to screen for referable and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Africa: a clinical validation study (2019)

National Medical Research Council Health Service Research Grant, Large Collaborative Grant, Ministry of Health, Singapore; the SingHealth Foundation; and the Tanoto Foundation.
[Axons, dendrites and adhesion]. (1989)

The morphology of rat embryonic day 14 (E14) mesencephalic neurons has been studied in vitro under different conditions of neuron-substratum adhesion. Results suggest that decreasing adhesion favors axonal elongation and inhibits the growth of dendrites. This observation is interpreted according to a hypothetical model based on the existence of different physical properties between the two categories of neurites.
Fabrication of 200.DEG.C.-operated SiC Switching Module (2010)

In this paper, a SiC module in which the devices are operated beyond the junction temperature of 200°C was designed, manufactured and tested. The module was designed by considering the heat-resistance of each constituent material to realize a continuous heat distribution. We found that the ratio of voids in the die-bonding material can reduced by about 5% in volume by choosing the reflow conditions of the temperature profile and the environmental condition for Au–Sn and Sn–Ag–Cu lead-free solders. The 200°C operation of the designed module was confirmed by directly feeding a current into the SiC chip to elevate the temperature of the chip. In order to demonstrate real 200°C SiC device operation with the present module, we designed and assembled a DC–DC converter with a SiC-RESURF-JFET and SiC-SBD. The present module was successfully operated at a chip temperature of 200°C in the DC–DC converter.
Unprecedented Deep-Red Ce3+ Luminescence of the Nitridolithosilicates Li38.7RE3.3Ca5.7[Li2Si30N59]O2F (RE = La, Ce, Y) (2018)

Ce3+ doped solids find broad application, e.g. in phosphor converted light emitting diodes, utilizing the usually broad blue to yellow-orange emission of the respective phosphors. The red to infrared spectral range was not yet accessible with the activator Ce3+, even in nitride host materials. Here, we report on the nitridolithosilicates Li38.7RE3.3Ca5.7[Li2Si30N59]O2F (RE = La, Ce, Y) with unique, red-shifted Ce3+ luminescence. The materials were synthesized by solid-state metathesis reactions in tantalum ampules. The isotypic crystal structures exhibit a highly condensed three-dimensional network made up of SiN4 and LiN4 tetrahedra. Crystal structures were refined from single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. The results are supported by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as charge distribution, lattice energy, and bond valence sum calculations. Optical band gaps of ≈4 eV were determined from diffuse reflectance UV/vis data using Tauc plots. The nitridolithosilicates are highly excitable from the UV to the green-yellow spectral range with a preferred excitation wavelength of λexc ≈ 540 nm. The emission spectra peak is in the deep-red with λem = 638–651 nm (fwhm ≈ 3600 cm–1). According to the unique absorption and emission properties, application as luminescent solar concentrators or in horticultural lighting appears promising.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective Reactions of Bis(pinacolato)diboron, 1,3-Enynes, and Aldehydes Catalyzed by an Easily Accessible Bisphosphine–Cu Complex (2014)

Catalytic enantioselective multicomponent processes involving bis(pinacolato)diboron [B2(pin)2], 1,3-enynes, and aldehydes are disclosed; the resulting compounds contain a primary C-B(pin) bond, as well as alkyne- and hydroxyl-substituted tertiary carbon stereogenic centers. A critical feature is the initial enantioselective Cu-B(pin) addition to an alkyne-substituted terminal alkene. This and other key mechanistic issues have been investigated by DFT calculations. Reactions are promoted by the Cu complex of a commercially available enantiomerically pure bis-phosphine and are complete in 8 h at ambient temperature; products are generated in 66-94% yield (after oxidation or catalytic cross-coupling), 90:10 to >98:2 diastereomeric ratio, and 85:15-99:1 enantiomeric ratio. Aryl-, heteroaryl-, alkenyl-, and alkyl-substituted aldehydes and enynes can be used. Utility is illustrated through catalytic alkylation and arylation of the organoboron products as well as applications to synthesis of fragments of tylonolide and mycinolide IV.
Evidence for a tyrosine protonation change during the primary phototransition of bacteriorhodopsin at low temperature. (1986)

Isotopically labeled tyrosines have been selectively incorporated into bacteriorhodopsin (bR). A comparison of the low-temperature bR570 to K Fourier transform infrared-difference spectra of these samples and normal bR provides information about the role of tyrosine in the primary phototransition. Several tyrosine contributions to the difference spectrum are found. These results and comparison with the spectra of model compounds suggest that a tyrosinate group protonates during the bR570 to K transition. This conclusion is strongly supported by the results of UV difference spectroscopy.
A Thermal-Diffusivity-Based Frequency Reference in Standard CMOS With an Absolute Inaccuracy of $\pm $0.1% From $-$55 $^{\circ}$C to 125 $^{\circ}$C (2010)

An on-chip frequency reference exploiting the well-defined thermal-diffusivity (TD) of IC-grade silicon has been realized in a standard 0.7 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS process. A frequency-locked loop (FLL) locks the frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to the process-insensitive phase shift of an electrothermal filter (ETF). The ETF's phase shift is determined by its geometry and by the thermal diffusivity of bulk silicon ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$D$</tex> </formula> ). The temperature dependence of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$D$</tex></formula> is compensated for with the help of die-temperature information obtained by an on-chip band-gap temperature sensor. The resulting TD frequency reference has a nominal output frequency of 1.6 MHz and dissipates 7.8 mW from a 5 V supply. Measurements on 16 devices show that it has an absolute inaccuracy of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm $</tex></formula> 0.1% ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sigma= \pm $</tex></formula> 0.05%) over the military temperature range ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula> 55 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex></formula> to 125 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex></formula> ), with a worst case temperature coefficient of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm \hbox{11.2~ppm}/^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex></formula> .
C106 Distinguishing Features of Transmitted/Founder HIV-1 (2013)

Background: The demonstration of a virus population bottleneck at transmission and predominance of CCR5-using variants in acute infection raises the possibility that transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses might exhibit phenotypic properties that are uniquely or preferentially associated with transmission. We used single genome sequencing to generate infectious molecular clones of T/F (n=28) and chronic control (n=14) viruses of subtypes B (n=18) and C (n=24) and evaluated their biological properties. Methods: The ability of T/F and chronic viruses to infect and replicate in CD4+ T cells was tested in the presence and absence of 500 U/ml IFN- and antibodies to 47. Virion infectivity and replication was evaluated in TZM-bl cells human lymphocytes and Env glycoprotein was quantified by an ELISA assay that used a CD4-induced antibody E51 linked to soluble CD4 to capture gp120. The ability of virus to bind to monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) was also measured. Results: T/F viruses replicated to slightly higher titers than chronic control viruses in CD4+ T cells (p=0.03). T/F viruses were significantly more resistant (10-fold) than chronic viruses to the inhibitory effects of INF- (p=0.008) but anti-47 had no effect. Virion-associated Env content and the per-particle infectivity assays revealed twice as much Env and two-fold greater infectivity of T/F viruses vs chronic control viruses (p=0.05 for both). T/F viruses were captured by DCs twice as efficiently as control viruses (p=0.03). Conclusion: Compared with chronic control viruses, T/F viruses revealed higher Env content, higher infectivity, greater DC capture and relative resistance to IFN- but anti-47 had no effect on virus infection or replication
Prostaglandin E2 glyceryl ester is an endogenous agonist of the nucleotide receptor P2Y6 (2017)

Cyclooxygenase-2 catalyses the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid but also the biosynthesis of prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) from 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Previous studies identified PG-Gs as signalling molecules involved in inflammation. Thus, the glyceryl ester of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>, PGE<sub>2</sub>-G, mobilizes Ca<sup>2+</sup> and activates protein kinase C and ERK, suggesting the involvement of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). To identify the endogenous receptor for PGE<sub>2</sub>-G, we performed a subtractive screening approach where mRNA from PGE<sub>2</sub>-G response-positive and -negative cell lines was subjected to transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing analysis. We found several GPCRs that are only expressed in the PGE<sub>2</sub>-G responder cell lines. Using a set of functional readouts in heterologous and endogenous expression systems, we identified the UDP receptor P2Y<sub>6</sub> as the specific target of PGE<sub>2</sub>-G. We show that PGE<sub>2</sub>-G and UDP are both agonists at P2Y<sub>6</sub>, but they activate the receptor with extremely different EC<sub>50</sub> values of ~1 pM and ~50 nM, respectively. The identification of the PGE<sub>2</sub>-G/P2Y<sub>6</sub> pair uncovers the signalling mode of PG-Gs as previously under-appreciated products of cyclooxygenase-2.
A Pharmacochaperone-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay for the Discovery of Chemical Probes of Orphan Receptors (2018)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have varying and diverse physiological roles, transmitting signals from a range of stimuli, including light, chemicals, peptides, and mechanical forces. More than 130 GPCRs are orphan receptors (i.e., their endogenous ligands are unknown), representing a large untapped reservoir of potential therapeutic targets for pharmaceutical intervention in a variety of diseases. Current deorphanization approaches are slow, laborious, and usually require some in-depth knowledge about the receptor pharmacology. In this study we describe a cell-based assay to identify small molecule probes of orphan receptors that requires no a priori knowledge of receptor pharmacology. Built upon the concept of pharmacochaperones, where cell-permeable small molecules facilitate the trafficking of mutant receptors to the plasma membrane, the simple and robust technology is readily accessible by most laboratories and is amenable to high-throughput screening. The assay consists of a target harboring a synthetic point mutation that causes retention of the target in the endoplasmic reticulum. Coupled with a beta-galactosidase enzyme-fragment complementation reporter system, the assay identifies compounds that act as pharmacochaperones causing forward trafficking of the mutant GPCR. The assay can identify compounds with varying mechanisms of action including agonists and antagonists. A universal positive control compound circumvents the need for a target-specific ligand. The veracity of the approach is demonstrated using the beta-2-adrenergic receptor. Together with other existing assay technologies to validate the signaling pathways and the specificity of ligands identified, this pharmacochaperone-based approach can accelerate the identification of ligands for these potentially therapeutically useful receptors.