gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Hypertrophy During Hypercholesterolemia and Its Amelioration With Rosuvastatin and Amlodipine (2009)

Hypercholesterolemia is a common accompaniment of atherosclerosis and may be associated with cardiac hypertrophy. To define the mechanistic basis of cardiac hypertrophy in hypercholesterolemia, we fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice regular diet or high cholesterol (HC) diet for 26 weeks. There was clear evidence of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen deposition in the hearts of LDLR KO mice fed with HC diet, confirmed by histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius staining) and upregulation of genes for brain natriuretic peptide, alpha-tubulin, transforming growth factor beta1, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). These changes were independent of change in blood pressure. The hypercholesterolemic mice hearts showed an upregulation of LOX-1, an oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) at messenger RNA level. In addition, there was a marked upregulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) messenger RNA, indicating overexpression of markers of oxidant stress. A separate group of LDLR KO mice were fed HC diet along with a potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin or a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker amlodipine. Administration of rosuvastatin or amlodipine reduced the overexpression of genes for LOX-1 and AT1R and associated NADPH oxidase and NF-kappaB. These phenomena were associated with a marked decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen deposits in and around the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in hypercholesterolemia independent of blood pressure change LOX-1 and AT1R act as possible signals for oxidant stress leading to alterations in cardiac structure during hypercholesterolemia. Most importantly, rosuvastatin and amlodipine ameliorate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis.
(Invited) Are Si/SiGe Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors a Good Idea? (2010)

Tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) are a device technology that has the potential to achieve sub-60-mV/decade subthreshold slope and therefore could potentially overcome the power / performance bottleneck facing the CMOS industry today. It would be highly desirable to fabricate such devices using Si-based materials due to the proven capability of Si for VLSI circuits. However the large, indirect band gap of Si is not conducive to achieving large band-to-band tunneling currents. This paper presents experimental results on Si/SiGe heterojunction tunneling transistors (HETTs), where it is demonstrated that increasing the heterojunction band offset leads to enhanced device performance. An analysis is also provided addressing whether or not Si-based materials are suitable for TFETs or if material systems with direct band gaps and that allow more aggressive heterostructure engineering will be required to achieve the performance levels necessary for practical applications.
Quantitative investigations of the aggregation behaviour of hydrophobic anilino squaraine dyes through UV/vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (1999)

In continuing studies of the aggregation behaviour of squaraine dyes in DMSO-water mixtures, we have examined a series of symmetrical anilino-based squaraines with increasing N-alkyl chain length (n-butyl, n-octyl, and n-dodecyl). The aggregation behaviour was assessed through UV/vis spectroscopic and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies with quantitative interpretation based on exciton theory. This class of N-alkyl squaraines forms two distinct solution aggregates, Type J and Type H, depending on the composition of the DMSO-water medium. DLS measurement of the aggregates in the Type J and Type H morphologies showed that (i) the particle diameter increased with increasing hydrophobicity; (ii) DMSO has a large effect on the aggregate size; (iii) Type J aggregates are of equal dimensions with Type H aggregates. Moreover, even though as the DMSO-water solvent composition is varied the UV/vis spectra of Type H and Type J aggregates remained unchanged, the number of molecules comprising each aggregate varies widely. It is proposed that the dynamic conversion (J →&gt; H) results from intramolecular reorganization of individual molecules within the aggregate. Quantification of aggregation through DLS has further developed the "kinetic" versus "thermodynamic" control model of dye aggregation.Key words: squaraine, dynamic light scattering, DMSO-water mixtures, self-assembly, kinetic/thermodynamic control.
Cytoplasmic Z-RNA. (1987)

Specific immunochemical probes for Z-RNA were generated and characterized to search for possible Z-RNA-like double helices in cells. Z-RNA was detected in the cytoplasm of fixed protozoan cells by immunofluorescence microscopy using these anti-Z-RNA IgGs. In contrast, autoimmune or experimentally elicited anti-DNA antibodies, specifically reactive with B-DNA or Z-DNA, stained the nuclei. Pre-or nonimmune IgGs did not bind to the cells. RNase A or T1 digestion eliminated anti-Z-RNA IgG binding to cytoplasmic determinants; however, DNase I or mung bean nuclease had no effect. Doxorubicin and ethidium bromide prevented anti-Z-RNA antibody binding; however, actinomycin D, which does not bind double-stranded RNA, did not. Anti-Z-RNA immunofluorescence was specifically blocked in competition assays by synthetic Z-RNA but not Z-DNA, A-RNA, or single-stranded RNAs. Thus, some cytoplasmic sequences in fixed cells exist in the left-handed Z-RNA conformation.
A Review on the Properties of Salt Hydrates for Thermochemical Storage (2014)

Solar energy is capable of supplying enough energy to answer the total demand of energy in dwellings. However, because of the discrepancy between energy supply and energy demand, an efficient way of storing thermal energy is crucial. Thermochemical storage of heat in salt hydrates provides an efficient and compact way of storing solar energy. The properties of the salt hydrates determine the storage capacity, operating conditions and cost of the thermochemical storage system. In this paper an overview of the properties of the most promising candidates for thermochemical storage for our purposes is given.
Dynamic range of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in multimode links (1999)

We report spurious-free dynamic-range measurements of 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in short multimode links for radio frequency communication. For a 27 m fiber link, the dynamic range at optimal bias was greater than 95 dBHz/sup 2/3/ for modulation frequencies between 1 and 5.5 GHz, which exceeds the requirements for antenna remoting in microcellular networks. In a free-space link, we have measured the highest dynamic range in an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser of 113 dB Hz/sup 1/3/ at 900 MHz. We have also investigated the effects of modal noise and differential mode delay on the dynamic range for longer lengths of fiber.
Compatibility between local and multipartite states (2004)

We consider a partial trace transformation which maps a multipartite quantum state to collection of local density matrices. We call this collection a mean field state. For the Hilbert spaces $(\CC^2)^{\otimes n}$ and $\CC^2\otimes\CC^2\otimes\CC^4$ the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a mean field state is compatible with at least one multipartite pure state are found. Compatibility of mean field states with more general classes of multipartite quantum states is discussed.
Histopathological Effects of Bt and TcdA Insecticidal Proteins on the Midgut Epithelium of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) (2017)

Western corn rootworm (WCR, <i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i> LeConte) is a major corn pest in the United States, causing annual losses of over $1 billion. One approach to protect against crop loss by this insect is the use of transgenic corn hybrids expressing one or more crystal (Cry) proteins derived from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 together comprise a binary insecticidal toxin with specific activity against WCR. These proteins have been developed as insect resistance traits in commercialized corn hybrids resistant to WCR feeding damage. Cry34/35Ab1 is a pore forming toxin, but the specific effects of Cry34/35Ab1 on WCR cells and tissues have not been well characterized microscopically, and the overall histopathology is poorly understood. Using high-resolution resin-based histopathology methods, the effects of Cry34/35Ab1 as well as Cry3Aa1, Cry6Aa1, and the <i>Photorhabdus</i> toxin complex protein TcdA have been directly visualized and documented. Clear symptoms of intoxication were observed for all insecticidal proteins tested, including swelling and sloughing of enterocytes, constriction of midgut circular muscles, stem cell activation, and obstruction of the midgut lumen. These data demonstrate the effects of these insecticidal proteins on WCR midgut cells, and the collective response of the midgut to intoxication. Taken together, these results advance our understanding of the insect cell biology and pathology of these insecticidal proteins, which should further the field of insect resistance traits and corn rootworm management.
Polymerization ofo-quinodimethanes. III. Polymerization ofo-quinodimethanes bearing electron-withdrawing groups formedin situby thermal ring-opening isomerization of corresponding benzocyclobutenes (1999)

The substituent effect on the radical polymerization of o-quinodimethanes, generated by thermal isomerization of benzocyclobutenes, was investigated. Polymerizations of three benzocyclobutenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups were studied, namely 1-cyanobenzocyclobutene (1), 1-chlorobenzocyclobutene (2), and 1-bromobenzocyclobutene (3). While radical polymerizations of 2 and 3 did not afford any polymer, radical polymerization of 1 afforded n-hexane-insoluble polymer(Mn = 5000) in moderate yields at temperatures above 120°C. The structure of the obtained polymer was confirmed to be a ring-opened polymer(4) by IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR. The yield of the polymer increased with an increase in the initiator concentration. The polymer yield reported in this paper is higher than those of benzocyclobutenes bearing electron-donating groups, reported previously by the authors. The semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation supported the contribution of ring-opening polymerization of spiro-compounds, rejecting the possibility of 1,4-polymerization. Lastly, radical copolymerizations of 1 with various comonomers were also performed to obtain the corresponding copolymers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1555–1563, 1999
Sequential design and rational metamodelling (2005)

Metamodelling techniques are used in many engineering applications for efficient exploration of the design space of complex deterministic simulation systems, and for optimisation purposes and sensitivity analysis. This paper presents a new sequential design and rational metamodelling technique which combines adaptive modelling and sampling algorithms.
Finite element modeling of stored grain ecosystems and alternative pest control techniques (1999)

An axisymmetric finite element model was developed that takes into account the heat, mass, and momentum transfer that occurs in upright corrugated steel storage structures due to conduction, diffusion, and natural convection. Periods of aeration, dry matter loss distribution, and maize weevil density in corn were estimated. Heat and mass balances were used to calculate the temperature and relative humidity in the headspace and plenum assuming permeable grain surfaces. Two seasons of pilot bin experiments validated the model. The average standard error between the experimental and predicted temperatures was 2.4°C (1.8 to 3.1°C range) and the moisture content was 1.0 percentage point. Non-aerated, automatic ambient aeration, and automatic chilled aeration were evaluated in the replicated pilot bins as alternative methods to control insect development during summer storage. Ambient and chilled aeration reduced development of red flour beetles and maize weevils by 34% and 70% over non-aerated storage, respectively. Two locations were investigated (Indianapolis, IN and Minneapolis, MN) to demonstrate the application of the model to control insects in conventionally sized steel bins that were cooled during the fall and winter. The non-aerated and ambient aerated strategies behaved similarly until late summer when the maize weevil density increased dramatically in the non-aerated bins. Chilled aeration controlled maize weevil density at its initial population, but at an energy consumption of fourteen to sixteen times greater than ambient aeration. The simulation results indicated that automatic aeration increased the average bin temperature relative to non-aerated storage, which negated most of the benefits observed in the pilot bins. An optimal scenario includes ambient aeration during the fall, winter, and early spring with non-aerated storage during the summer. Moisture “migration” in the traditional sense did not occur in a cooled grain mass stored into the summer. Instead a more realistic theory of moisture exchange between the grain mass and headspace and plenum was developed. Permeability had a major influence on the magnitude of moisture accumulation. Moisture accumulation occurred primarily due to natural convection currents that entered and exited the headspace, which can be minimized by proper ventilation.
High throughput visualization and analysis of human short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRP`s) using an infrared based automated DNA sequencer (1994)

Short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) including di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats are very useful markers for gene mapping, genetic diagnosis, and forensics because they are highly polymorphic, abundant throughout the mammalian genome, and amplifiable by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to meet the demand for large scale gene mapping and genetic diagnosis, the overall speed of genotyping STRPs should be increased. Automated detection systems using laser irradiation along with infrared fluorescently labeled PCR primers or dATP`s have been used for improved detection of PCR amplified STRPs when compared to conventional radioactive detection methods. Here, we report protocols that provide high throughput visualization and analysis of PCR amplified STRPs using the LI-COR Model 4000S DNA Sequencer. Short (15 cm separation distance) gels were used which produced rapid migration of the DNA fragments to the scanning detector (less than 1 hour from sample loading to detection of up to 350 base long DNA fragments). Seven percent denaturing acrylamide gels with a constant 2000V were employed for fast and adequate resolution. A 64 well format was used for loading (60 samples with 4 lanes for standard markers). Multiple loading of samples (using the same gel up to 3 times) has beenmore » achieved. In addition, we have multiplexed more than one locus per lane. By applying these conditions (60 samples x 3 loci x loads/gel x 2 gels/day) it is possible to generate images for over 1000 person loci in less than a day. Images were analyzed using Scanalytics RFLPscan software. The output data gave each allele size in number of base pairs.« less
Enhanced NIR Spectral Reconstruction with Ti:Sapphire Laser based FD system (2008)

A Ti:Sapphire laser based frequency-domain NIR tomography system was created with custom heterodyne detection. Gelatin phantom imaging with varying numbers of wavelengths showed superior recovery of hemoglobin concentration with increasing wavelengths included.
Malaria parasites: enzymes involved in red blood cell invasion. (1994)

Three enzymes have been described in malaria merozoites: a serine-protease and two phospholipases. The parasite serine-protease is necessary for parasite entry into the red blood cell. This enzyme is synthesized by intraerythrocytic schizonts as a glycolipid-anchored membrane precursor, harbouring a preformed serine-protease active site but no detectable proteolytic activity. Detection of the enzymatic activity correlates with the solubilisation of the enzyme by a parasite glycolipid-specific phospholipase C in merozoites. A third enzyme has been detected with glycolipid-degrading activity, presumably a lipase A. These activities participate in a biochemical cascade originating with the attachment of the merozoite to the red blood cell, including the translocation of the phospholipase C to the membrane-bound protease, the solubilisation/activation of the protease and its secretion at the erythrocyte/parasite junction and ending with the entry of the parasite into the host cell. Both the phospholipase C and the lipase A might generate secondary messages in the merozoite. Our current knowledge concerning these enzymes is presented.
Applicability of GSO scintillators for well logging (1991)

Cerium-doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO:Ce) was developed as a scintillating material for application in positron emission tomography. The fundamental properties of this material were studied, with particular attention given to properties relevant to nuclear well logging applications and their temperature dependence. Initial evaluations indicated that this material had a number of properties which seemed to make it a favorable candidate for well logging applications, such as the reported decay-time constant of 60 ns. Subsequent studies showed the presence of a longer, 600-ns. decay constant, which, coupled with its extremely high thermal neutron absorption cross section and relatively low light output, raised questions about its suitability. The temperature dependence of GSO:Ce was investigated to better evaluate its applicability as a gamma-ray detector for nuclear well logging applications. It is noted that the main advantage of GSO, compared to other scintillators that can be used for well logging applications. is the increase in detection efficiency that can be achieved without the need for cooling the detector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Highly Conductive and Transparent Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Zincone Thin Films Using Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition (2012)

Highly conducting and transparent hybrid organic–inorganic thin films were grown using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques. The conducting films were grown at 150 °C by combining ZnO ALD and zincone MLD processes. ZnO ALD was performed using diethylzinc (DEZ) and water (H2O). Zincone MLD was performed using DEZ and hydroquinone (HQ). The ALD:MLD alloys were deposited by controlling the relative number of ALD and MLD cycles in the reaction sequence. The growth of the ALD:MLD alloys was examined using in situ quartz crystal microbalance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. The surface reactions during alloy growth were self-limiting, and the ALD and MLD reaction sequences produced linear growth rates. The alloys exhibited exceptional conductivity relative to ZnO ALD films grown at 150 °C. The highest conductivities were obtained from alloys with ALD:MLD cycle ratios of 1:1 and 2:2. The 1:1 and 2:2 alloy films yielded conductivities of 116 and 170 S/cm, respectively. In comparison, ZnO ALD films displayed a conductivity of 14 S/cm. The high conductivities for the zincone alloys may result from the modulated structure in the alloy that provides high charge carrier densities and high mobilities. The alloy films were also transparent and displayed high transmission until their band-gap absorption at <400 nm. In addition, nanoindentation studies revealed that the elastic modulus and hardness of the alloys both increased with the fraction of ZnO ALD in the alloy. These hybrid organic–inorganic alloys may have the potential to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as a conducting transparent film.
Asymmetric synthesis of Pachastrissamine (Jaspine B) and its diastereomers viaη3-allylpalladium intermediates (2011)

A short route for the synthesis of Pachastrissamine (Jaspine B), an anhydrosphingosine derivative, and all three of its diastereomers is presented. The route consists of only 9 steps from the commercially available Garner's aldehyde. The furan framework is formed via an η(3)-allylpalladium intermediate.
Electronic defect characteristics of pentacene organic thin films deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates (2002)

Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) using the pentacene as an active electronic material have shown the mobility of 0.8 cm<SUP>2</SUP>Vs and the grains larger than 1 micrometers . Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been carried out on metal/insulator/organic-semiconductor (MIS) structure devices that have a depletion region at the insulator/organic-semiconductor interface. The very long capacitance transients were measured by the trapping of electronic charge carriers distributed in energy. Based on the DLTS characteristics, the energy levels of hole and electron traps in the obtained pentacene films were approximately E<SUB>v</SUB>+0.24eV, E<SUB>v</SUB>+0.31eV, and E<SUB>c</SUB>- 0.69eV.
2P079 Small-angle X-ray scattering of group II chaperonin in cooperation with prefoldin(The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2010)

tijAstrtulturFtaidfethmtlogy)Group II chaperonins (CPN) exist ln archaca and the eukar)otic cytosol and mediate piotein folding m an Al/P dependent manner CPN Lan tuneLioll aloiie dnd m Lombination with Prefotdins (PFD) PFD capture pretem folding tn tcrmediaLes ei unfoldeti polypeptides and transfer them Lo CPN foi faLilitated fo]dingWe medsuied smdtl dngle X ra} scattenng (SAXS) of CPN dmd PFD mixed solution to anal}ze the formatien ef CPN P)D complex SAXS data mdi cate that CPN and PFD do noL iorm the Lomplex in the presenLe of MP or AMP PNP -hile thege do in the pregcnce of ADP or no nucteotide 5AXS study oi CPN has shown thdt CPN foims closed gttucture -ith MP and AMP PNP and open with nucleoUde free or ADP [1i7uka et al J Biol ChLm
Kinetics of binding of O2and CO to ‘double-sided’ porphyrinatoiron(II) complexes (1991)

The kinetics of binding of O2 and CO to double-sided porphyrinatoiron(II) complexes having ester pockets on both sides of the porphyrin plane has been studied. The specific environment created by the four ester groups around the central iron(II) ion of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-di-tert-butylacetoxyphenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II)2 results in binding which is not affected by solvation. The lower binding affinity for CO of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dipivaloyloxyphenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II)1 compared to that of 5,10,15,20-tetra (o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II) is attributed to the unfavourable steric repulsions between the axial imidazole ligand and the pivaloyloxy groups, and is reflected in decreased association and increased dissociation rates. On the other hand, axial base ligation to 2 is not inhibited by the tert-butylacetoxy groups. Therefore, the lower binding affinity for O2 exhibited by 2 compared to that of an amide fenced porphyrin complex is ascribed to the loss of local polarity in the cavity. The less-polar ester groups of the double-sided porphyrinatoiron complex result in an increased rate of dissociation of O2. The activation energy for gaseous ligand association to complex 2 was determined.