gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunnel Structured α-MnO2with Different Tunnel Cations (H+, K+, Ag+) as Cathode Materials in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: The Role of Tunnel Cation on Electrochemistry (2017)

α-MnO<sub>2</sub> type manganese dioxide is an interesting prospective cathode material for reversible lithium insertion owing to its cation accessible tunnels (0.46nm x 0.46nm), high voltage, and low cost. The tunneled structure is synthetically formed by the assistance of cations acting as structure directing agents where the cations may remain in the tunnel. The electrochemistry of this family of materials is strongly dependent on the morphological and physicochemical (i.e. surface area, crystallite size, and average manganese oxidation state) properties as well as tunnel occupancy. For this work, we prepared a set of materials Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.81H<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>0.81</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.78H<sub>2</sub>O and Ag<sub>1.33</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.95H<sub>2</sub>O with similar nanorod morphology, crystallite size, surface area, and tunnel water content. This set of samples allowed us to investigate the role of tunnel cations in the electrochemistry of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> type manganese dioxide in a lithium based environment while minimizing the effects of the other parameters. The electrochemistry was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, rate capability, and galvanostatic intermittent titration type testing. Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.81H<sub>2</sub>O showed higher loaded voltages, improved capacity retention, and higher specific energy relative to K<sub>0.81</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.78H<sub>2</sub>O and Ag<sub>1.33</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.95H<sub>2</sub>O. After 100 cycles, Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.81H<sub>2</sub>O delivered ~200% more capacity than Ag<sub>1.33</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.95H<sub>2</sub>O (64 vs. 129 mAh/g) and ~35% more capacity than K<sub>0.81</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.78H<sub>2</sub>O (85 vs. 129 mAh/g). Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.81H<sub>2</sub>O also showed higher effective lithium diffusion coefficients (DLi+) and higher rate capability compared to K<sub>0.81</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.78H<sub>2</sub>O and Ag<sub>1.33</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>·0.95H<sub>2</sub>O suggesting faster Li+ ion diffusion in the absence of large metal tunnel cations.
Proteomic Screens for Suppressors of Anoikis Identify IL1RAP as a Promising Surface Target in Ewing Sarcoma (2021)

Cancer cells must overcome anoikis (detachment-induced death) to successfully metastasize. Using proteomic screens, we found that distinct oncoproteins upregulate IL1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) to suppress anoikis. IL1RAP is directly induced by oncogenic fusions of Ewing sarcoma, a highly metastatic childhood sarcoma. IL1RAP inactivation triggers anoikis and impedes metastatic dissemination of Ewing sarcoma cells. Mechanistically, IL1RAP binds the cell-surface system X<sub>c</sub> <sup>-</sup> transporter to enhance exogenous cystine uptake, thereby replenishing cysteine and the glutathione antioxidant. Under cystine depletion, IL1RAP induces cystathionine gamma lyase (CTH) to activate the transsulfuration pathway for <i>de novo</i> cysteine synthesis. Therefore, IL1RAP maintains cyst(e)ine and glutathione pools, which are vital for redox homeostasis and anoikis resistance. IL1RAP is minimally expressed in pediatric and adult normal tissues, and human anti-IL1RAP antibodies induce potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of Ewing sarcoma cells. Therefore, we define IL1RAP as a new cell-surface target in Ewing sarcoma, which is potentially exploitable for immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we identify cell-surface protein IL1RAP as a key driver of metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive childhood sarcoma. Minimal expression in pediatric and adult normal tissues nominates IL1RAP as a promising target for immunotherapy.<i>See related commentary by Yoon and DeNicola, p. 2679</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659</i>.
Evaluating a Variable Porosity Wound Dressing With Anti-Scar Properties in a Porcine Model of Wound Healing. (2018)

<b>Introduction:</b> New treatments that promote wound healing while preventing scar formation are needed. One option in topical wound healing is the use of temporary dressings that allow the natural healing process with minimal scar formation. <b>Methods:</b> We evaluated the temporary wound dressings PermeaDerm C, and a PermeaDerm C derivative coated with the anti-scarring agent, salinomycin (PermeaDerm D) in a pig model of wound healing to show the efficacy of these wound dressings in vivo. <b>Results:</b> Porcine fibroblasts grow well in the presence of PermeaDerm C or PermeaDerm A, and salinomycin reduces excessive myofibroblast formation in porcine fibroblasts in vitro. In vivo, wounds treated with PermeaDerm C and PermeaDerm A did not show abnormal or unwanted healing patterns up to 8 weeks post-wound formation. Wounds covered with either PermeaDerm C or PermeaDerm A showed a more mature wound-healing phenotype than the control wounds. <b>Conclusions:</b> PermeaDerm C and PermeaDerm A allowed wound healing, revealing the potential of both PermeaDerm C and PermeaDerm A to promote effective healing while preventing excessive scar formation.
Development of a New Class of Drugs to Inhibit All Forms of Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers (2015)

Abstract : Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer and second leading cause of male cancer death. Management of patients with advanced-stage disease relies on inhibiting the androgen receptor (AR) with conventional endocrine targeting therapies, and more recently with second-generation endocrine targeting therapies designed to block AR activity that re-emerges during castration. However, despite a growing armamentarium of drugs targeting the androgen/AR signaling axis, progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a major clinical challenge that undermines survival and quality of life for prostate cancer patients. The proposed research is focused on the pre-clinical development of VPC14228, a drug-like small molecule that targets the AR:DNA interaction. During the first year of this award, we have made progress in investigating the functional effects of VPC14228 on DNA interaction and transcriptional activation mechanisms for AR, developing a definitive experimental and structural characterization of the VPC14228 interaction with the AR DBD, and conducting pre-clinical evaluation of VPC14228.
Physicochemical Targeting of Lipid Nanoparticles to the Lungs Induces Clotting: Mechanisms and Solutions (2023)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become the dominant drug delivery technology in industry, holding the promise to deliver RNA to up- or down-regulate any protein of interest. LNPs have been targeted to specific cell types or organs by physicochemical targeting, in which LNP's lipid compositions are adjusted to find mixtures with the desired tropism. In a popular approach, physicochemical targeting is accomplished by formulating with charged lipids. Negatively charged lipids localize LNPs to the spleen, and positively charged lipids to the lungs. Here we found that lung-tropic LNPs employing cationic lipids induce massive thrombosis. We demonstrate that thrombosis is induced in the lungs and other organs, and greatly exacerbated by pre-existing inflammation. This clotting is induced by a variety of formulations with cationic lipids, including LNPs and non-LNP nanoparticles. The mechanism depends on the LNPs binding to fibrinogen and inducing platelet and thrombin activation. Based on these mechanisms, we engineered multiple solutions which enable positively charged LNPs to target the lungs while not inducing thrombosis. Our findings implicate thrombosis as a major barrier that blood erects against LNPs with cationic components and illustrate how physicochemical targeting approaches must be investigated early for risks and re-engineered with a careful understanding of biological mechanisms.
Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Targeting and its Applications in Human Diseases (2007)

The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor is a multifunctional protein which binds at the cell surface to two distinct classes of ligands, the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) bearing proteins and IGF-II. Its major function is to bind and transport M6P-enzymes to lysosomes, but it can also modulate the activity of a variety of extracellular M6P-glycoproteins (i.e., latent TGFbeta precursor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Granzyme B, growth factors, Herpes virus). The purpose of this review is to highlight the synthesis and potential use of high affinity M6P analogues able to target this receptor. Several M6P analogues with phosphonate, carboxylate or malonate groups display a higher affinity and a stronger stability in human serum than M6P itself. These derivatives could be used to favour the delivery of specific therapeutic compounds to lysosomes, notably in enzyme replacement therapies of lysosomal diseases or in neoplastic drug targeting. In addition, their potential applications in preventing clinical disorders, which are associated with the activities of other M6P-proteins involved in wound healing, cell growth or viral infection, will be discussed.
High Capacity Magnesium-Carbon Composite Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Temperature-Activated PEG Surface Segregation Controls the Protein Repellency of Polymers (2019)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used to modulate the hydration states of biomaterials and is often applied to produce nonfouling surfaces. Here, we present X-ray scattering data, which show that it is the surface segregation of PEG, not just its presence in the bulk, that makes this happen by influencing the hydrophilicity of PEG-containing substrates. We demonstrate a temperature-dependent trigger that transforms a PEG-containing substrate from a protein-adsorbing to a protein-repelling state. On films of poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine-<i>co</i>-PEG carbonate) with high (20 wt %) PEG content, in which very little protein adsorption is expected, quartz crystal microbalance data showed significant adsorption of fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin at 8 °C. The surface became protein-repellent at 37.5 °C. When the same polymer was iodinated, the polymer was protein-adsorbent, even when 37 wt % PEG was incorporated into the polymer backbone. This demonstrates that high PEG content by itself is not sufficient to repel proteins. By inhibiting phase separation either with iodine or by lowering the temperature, we show that PEG must phase-separate and bloom to the surface to create an antifouling surface. These results suggest an opportunity to design materials with high PEG content that can be switched from a protein-attractant to a protein-repellent state by inducing phase separation through brief exposure to temperatures above their glass transition temperature.
ITGA5 inhibition in pancreatic stellate cells attenuates desmoplasia and potentiates efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer (2019)

Abundant desmoplastic stroma is the hallmark for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which not only aggravates the tumor growth but also prevents tumor penetration of chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. There is an unmet clinical need to develop therapeutic solutions to the tumor penetration problem. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of integrin α5 (ITGA5) receptor in the PDAC stroma. ITGA5 was overexpressed in the tumor stroma from PDAC patient samples, and overexpression was inversely correlated with overall survival. In vitro, knockdown of ITGA5 inhibited differentiation of human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) and reduced desmoplasia in vivo. Our novel peptidomimetic AV3 against ITGA5 inhibited hPSC activation and enhanced the antitumor effect of gemcitabine in a 3D heterospheroid model. In vivo, AV3 showed a strong reduction of desmoplasia, leading to decompression of blood vasculature, enhanced tumor perfusion, and thereby the efficacy of gemcitabine in co-injection and patient-derived xenograft tumor models.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LtxA Hijacks Endocytic Trafficking Pathways in Human Lymphocytes (2020)

Leukotoxin (LtxA), from oral pathogen <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,</i> is a secreted membrane-damaging protein. LtxA is internalized by β2 integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-expressing leukocytes and ultimately causes cell death; however, toxin localization in the host cell is poorly understood and these studies fill this void. We investigated LtxA trafficking using multi-fluor confocal imaging, flow cytometry and Rab5a knockdown in human T lymphocyte Jurkat cells. Planar lipid bilayers were used to characterize LtxA pore-forming activity at different pHs. Our results demonstrate that the LtxA/LFA-1 complex gains access to the cytosol of Jurkat cells without evidence of plasma membrane damage, utilizing dynamin-dependent and presumably clathrin-independent mechanisms. Upon internalization, LtxA follows the LFA-1 endocytic trafficking pathways, as identified by co-localization experiments with endosomal and lysosomal markers (Rab5, Rab11A, Rab7, and Lamp1) and CD11a. Knockdown of Rab5a resulted in the loss of susceptibility of Jurkat cells to LtxA cytotoxicity, suggesting that late events of LtxA endocytic trafficking are required for toxicity. Toxin trafficking via the degradative endocytic pathway may culminate in the delivery of the protein to lysosomes or its accumulation in Rab11A-dependent recycling endosomes. The ability of LtxA to form pores at acidic pH may result in permeabilization of the endosomal and lysosomal membranes.
Abstract 3630: Preclinical evaluation of a BiTE® antibody construct with extended half-life that targets the tumor differentiation marker mesothelin (2017)

Abstract Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE®) antibody constructs redirect T cells to induce lysis of tumor cells. The anti-CD19/CD3 BiTE® Blincyto® can deplete target cells in both the blood and tissue compartment in B cell malignancies, suggesting that the BiTE® mechanism of action will also be effective against solid tumors. The tumor differentiation antigen mesothelin (MSLN) is an attractive target for the BiTE® approach. MSLN is highly expressed in &amp;gt;80% of ovarian and pancreatic tumors and mesothelioma. Expression of MSLN in normal tissues appears restricted to mesothelial cell surfaces such as the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal layer. Here, we report the preclinical characterization of an anti-MSLN/CD3 BiTE® antibody construct with extended half-life. The BiTE® antibody construct binds MSLN and CD3 with low nM affinity and has low pM cytotoxic activity against MSLN-positive ovarian, pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines in vitro. Activity of the anti-MSLN/CD3 BiTE® antibody construct is observed at low effector to target cell ratios, and in cancer cells that express low levels of MSLN. This BiTE® antibody construct is also cytotoxic to cell lines that are resistant to chemotherapy. In mice, significant tumor growth inhibition of an established ovarian tumor xenograft model was achieved by IV dosing of the anti-MSLN/CD3 BiTE® antibody construct every 5 days. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the anti-MSLN/CD3 BiTE® antibody construct in non-human primates demonstrated a half-life of 4-10 days. The potency and specificity of the anti-MSLN/CD3 BiTE® antibody construct, together with projected ability to dose once a week IV in humans, supports development of this BiTE® for treatment of MSLN-positive tumors. Citation Format: Alexander Sternjak, Fei Lee, Joachim Wahl, Dan Rock, Oliver Thomas, Sabine Stienen, Ralf Lutterbuese, Patrick Hoffmann, Tobias Raum, Peter Kufer, Benno Rattel, Angela Coxon, Matthias Friedrich, Julie Bailis. Preclinical evaluation of a BiTE® antibody construct with extended half-life that targets the tumor differentiation marker mesothelin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3630. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3630
Nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch and its applications (1992)

Ultrafast all-optical switching based on the optical Kerr effect in a Sagnac interferometer which consists of a dichroic polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and dispersion-shifted polarization-maintaining fiber loop is reported. This nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch has the advantage of high stability originating from completely balanced interfering arms. In addition, because dispersion-shifted fibers were used, increases in switching power and switching time were prevented. Moreover, polarization fluctuation was completely suppressed due to the all-polarization maintaining fiber configuration. The required switching power for complete switching was measured to be 1.8 W for a 200-m-long fiber. All-optical time division demultiplexing and logic operations, including inversion and operation, using the nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch were successfully demonstrated at 5 Gb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A comparison between SSM/I passive microwave melt onset dates and satellite-derived albedo melt onset dates in the Arctic (2011)

Arctic sea ice undergoes a very strong annual cycle. This study sets out to look at the transition when the Arctic sea ice starts to melt using satellite-obtained passive microwave brightness temperatures and satellite-derived albedo data for 13 points within the Arctic, including both first-year and multiyear ice locations, for 1995–2000. Special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) brightness temperature differences are used to determine melt onset dates once surface temperatures approach freezing. Independently, satellite-derived albedo data are obtained and a melt onset date is derived. Generally, the two methods produce the same date for melt onset with optimum conditions. However, in most cases there are clouds present, which for the albedo data restrict observations and generate melt dates that are several days later than the passive microwave melt onset which is not affected by cloud cover. Melt onset dates, determined from the passive microwave brightness temperatures, are compared to those from the albedo observation to determine differences between the two methods. For first-year ice (FYI) locations, the average differences in melt onset dates for the study locations between the passive microwave and albedo-derived methods are +/−3 days. The average difference for multiyear ice (MYI) locations melt onset dates is around 8 days, slightly longer than the (FYI) locations, however, this is due to more cloudy conditions. The results indicate that the passive microwave-derived melt onset dates and albedo-derived dates are very close and either method could be used to determine melt. The advantage of using microwave data would be the independence of having to have cloud free conditions.
A Hybrid Multioutput Divided Power Converter for LED Applications (2019)

A novel converter based on the differential connection of a switched capacitor (SC) and buck-boost converter is presented in this article. This converter enables volume reduction while also increasing power processing efficiency by utilizing the high power density of SC converters and partial power processing. The introduced multioutput inverting buck-boost SC converter is presented as a light-emitting diode (LED) driver for mobile applications. The topology is capable of providing current to multiple LED strings at different voltages. A current-balancing technique based on charge matching is developed without the need for external-current-regulating components. Experimental results confirm a reduction in passive volume around 70% compared to conventional topologies for the targeted application while also increasing efficiency over the whole range, with a peak efficiency of 93%. In particular, light-load efficiency is improved up to 20%. The operation of the proposed charge matching control is confirmed through experimental and simulation results.
Measurement of the $c$-jet mistagging efficiency in $t\bar{t}$ events using $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector (2021)

A technique is presented to measure the efficiency with which $c$-jets are mistagged as b-jets (mistagging efficiency) using $t\bar{t}$ events, where one of the $W$ bosons decays into an electron or muon and a neutrino and the other decays into a quark-antiquark pair. The measurement utilises the relatively large and known $W\to cs$ branching ratio, which allows a measurement to be made in an inclusive $c$-jet sample. The data sample used was collected by the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. Events are reconstructed using a kinematic likelihood technique which selects the mapping between jets and $t\bar{t}$ decay products that yields the highest likelihood value. The distribution of the $b$-tagging discriminant for jets from the hadronic $W$ decays in data is compared with that in simulation to extract the mistagging efficiency as a function of jet transverse momentum. The total uncertainties are in the range 3%-17%. The measurements generally agree with those in simulation but there are some differences in the region corresponding to the most stringent $b$-jet tagging requirement.
Nano Diaminopropane tetrac and integrin αvβ3 expression in different cancer types: Anti-cancer efficacy and Safety (2021)

Integrins are a family of heterodimeric plasma membrane glycoproteins, which regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. Integrin αvβ3 has been recognized as a putative target for the treatment of several cancers. Thus, the characterization of αvβ3 distribution in different human tumors is of substantial interest in tumor targeting and its suppression. In this study we evaluated the expression of integrin αvβ3 in different cancer types to define the expression pattern in cancer model. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of novel αvβ3 antagonist Diaminopropane Tetraiodothyroacetic acid conjugated to poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer and its nanoformulated form (NDAT), on different cancer cell lines both in vitro and in xenografts. In vitro, NDAT downregulated αv and β3 monomer expression. In vivo in tumor xenografts, similarly, NDAT downregulated αv and β3. Distinct reduction in tumor weight and viability was observed in glioblastoma xenografts treated with NDAT. Furthermore, NDAT was safe and tolerable in mice treated with high doses. In conclusion, NDAT is an effective and safe inhibitor of integrin αvβ3 expression in various cancer types, which indicates its impact on the targetability and suppression of αvβ3-associated tumor functions.
Space vector based analysis of the variation and control of the neutral point potential of hysteresis current controlled three-phase/switch/level PWM rectifier systems (2002)

This paper treats the control of the the capacitive output voltage center point of a unidirectional three-phase three-level PWM rectifier system. It is shown that, for hysteresis control of the input phase currents and resistive fundamental mains behavior, the center point potential can be controlled by an offset of the phase current reference values. Based on the results of a digital simulation, the transfer function is determined which describes the dynamic behavior of the system part to be controlled. Furthermore, the dimensioning of the center point voltage control is discussed. There, the considerations are related to an application of the PWM rectifier system for supplying the DC link of an uninterruptible power supply (8 kW rated power). Finally, the control behavior for stationary operation and for a step change of the load of the output voltage center point is examined for verifying the controller dimensioning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>