gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-wafer passives de-embedding based on open-pad and Transmission Line measurement (2010)

In this paper, a new de-embedding technique based on open-pad and Transmission Line (TL) measurement is discussed. This technique can be used as an alternative to the conventional de-embedding approaches in order to characterize on-chip passives in the millimeter wave range of frequencies. Using open-pad measurement, parallel parasitics are extracted and removed in the first step. Cross-talk parasitics between two pads that are kept at a constant distance can be assumed constant, and thus both cross-talk and parallel parasitics can be removed. Subsequently, the transfer function matrix of a single-ended TL is used to de-embed series parasitics from the measurement results. The measurement results are in a close agreement with the simulations up to 110 GHz.
Identifying Allelic Loss and Homozygous Deletions in Pancreatic Cancer without Matched Normals Using High-Density Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays (2006)

Recent advances in oligonucleotide arrays and whole-genome complexity reduction data analysis now permit the evaluation of tens of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms simultaneously for a genome-wide analysis of allelic status. Using these arrays, we created high-resolution allelotype maps of 26 pancreatic cancer cell lines. The areas of heterozygosity implicitly served to reveal regions of allelic loss. The array-derived maps were verified by a panel of 317 microsatellite markers used in a subset of seven samples, showing a 97.1% concordance between heterozygous calls. Three matched tumor/normal pairs were used to estimate the false-negative and potential false-positive rates for identifying loss of heterozygosity: 3.6 regions (average minimal region of loss, 720,228 bp) and 2.3 regions (average heterozygous gap distance, 4,434,994 bp) per genome, respectively. Genomic fractional allelic loss calculations showed that cumulative levels of allelic loss ranged widely from 17.1% to 79.9% of the haploid genome length. Regional increases in "NoCall" frequencies combined with copy number loss estimates were used to identify 41 homozygous deletions (19 first reports), implicating an additional 13 regions disrupted in pancreatic cancer. Unexpectedly, 23 of these occurred in just two lines (BxPc3 and MiaPaCa2), suggesting the existence of at least two subclasses of chromosomal instability (CIN) patterns, distinguished here by allelic loss and copy number changes (original CIN) and those also highly enriched in the genomic "holes" of homozygous deletions (holey CIN). This study provides previously unavailable high-resolution allelotype and deletion breakpoint maps in widely shared pancreatic cancer cell lines and effectively eliminates the need for matched normal tissue to define informative loci.
Formation of Nanoparticles and Nanostructures—An Industrial Perspective on CaCO3, Cement, and Polymers (2014)

Nanotechnology enables the design of materials with outstanding performance. A key element of nanotechnology is the ability to manipulate and control matter on the nanoscale to achieve a certain desired set of specific properties. Here, we discuss recent insight into the formation mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticles during precipitation reactions. We focus on calcium carbonate, and describe the various transient stages potentially occurring on the way from the dissolved constituent ions to finally stable macrocrystals-including solute ion clusters, dense liquid phases, amorphous intermediates, and nanoparticles. The role of polymers in nucleating, templating, stabilizing, and/or preventing these structures is outlined. As a specific example for applied nanotechnology, the properties of cement are shown to be determined by the formation and interlocking of calcium-silicate-hydrate nanoplatelets. The aggregation of these platelets into mesoscale architectures can be controlled with polymers.
Parallel search of k-nearest neighbors with synchronous operations (2012)

We present a new study of parallel algorithms for locating k-nearest neighbors (kNN) of each single query in a high dimensional (feature) space on a many-core processor or accelerator that favors synchronous operations, such as on a graphics processing unit. Exploiting the intimate relationships between two primitive operations, select and sort, we introduce a cohort of truncated sort algorithms for parallel kNN search. The truncated bitonic sort (TBiS) in particular has desirable data locality, synchronous concurrency and simple data and program structures. Its implementation on a graphics processing unit outperforms the other existing implementations for kNN search based on either sort or select operations. We provide algorithm analysis and experimental results.
The Topkapi Palace Museum (2000)

A city‐like ensemble overlooking the Marmara Sea and the Bosphorus, Istanbul’s legendary Topkapi Palace became a synonym for Ottoman history and the heart of a far‐flung empire for 400 years. Transformed into a museum, it houses a vast and disparate treasure. Presenting both the splendours of the palace and the richness of its collections on the Internet was the challenge described below. The authors, all with backgrounds in electrical engineering, are professionally involved in areas of advanced research in the new technologies. After having served as visiting associate professor at the University of Minnesota in the United States, A. Enis Cetin is a professor at Bilkent University in Ankara and chairman of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)‐EURASIP (European Association for Signal Processing) Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing Workshop, held in Ankara in June 1999. Omer N. Gerek is currently with the Signal Processing Laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology‐EPFL in Lausanne (on leave from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey). Ahmed H. Tewfik is a professor of electronic communications at the University of Minnesota and was the first Editor‐in‐Chief of the IEEE Signal Processing Letters in 1993.
Pd–Ge–Au Based Hybrid Ohmic Contacts to High-Low Doped GaAs Field-Effect Transistor (1997)

Effects of an intermediate layer, such as Mo or Ti, have been studied for developing Pd–Ge–Au based hybrid ohmic contacts in a high-low doped GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET). The Pd–Ge–Au contact without the intermediate layer produces an alloyed AuGe contact at a high annealing temperature above 400° C. When Mo is added between Pd/Ge and Au, nonspiking Pd/Ge contact is formed at a low annealing temperature of 300° C. The addition of Ti, however, results in an ohmic contact with a low resistance of 0.43 Ω· mm in a wide annealing temperature ranging from 340 to 420° C. Auger depth profile and X-ray diffraction results suggest that the low resistance of the Pd/Ge/Ti/Au ohmic contact is due to formation both the Pd/Ge contact and AuGe contact through the appropriate control of Au indiffusion by Ti. The MESFET with the Pd/Ge/Ti/Au contact displays good DC characteristics. This supports that the Pd/Ge/Ti/Au contact is well suitable for application to high-low doped GaAs MESFETs due to its low-resistance and wide-process-window.
Lymphangiogenesis requires Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling for VEGFR3 cell-surface expression (2022)

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) induces lymphangiogenesis via VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3), which is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in human primary lymphedema. Angiopoietins (Angs) and their Tie receptors regulate lymphatic vessel development, and mutations of the ANGPT2 gene were recently found in human primary lymphedema. However, the mechanistic basis of Ang2 activity in lymphangiogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we used gene deletion, blocking Abs, transgene induction, and gene transfer to study how Ang2, its Tie2 receptor, and Tie1 regulate lymphatic vessels. We discovered that VEGF-C-induced Ang2 secretion from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was involved in full Akt activation downstream of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K). Neonatal deletion of genes encoding the Tie receptors or Ang2 in LECs, or administration of an Ang2-blocking Ab decreased VEGFR3 presentation on LECs and inhibited lymphangiogenesis. A similar effect was observed in LECs upon deletion of the PI3K catalytic p110α subunit or with small-molecule inhibition of a constitutively active PI3K located downstream of Ang2. Deletion of Tie receptors or blockade of Ang2 decreased VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis also in adult mice. Our results reveal an important crosstalk between the VEGF-C and Ang signaling pathways and suggest new avenues for therapeutic manipulation of lymphangiogenesis by targeting Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling.
Should Neurosurgeons Try to Preserve Non-Traditional Brain Networks? A Systematic Review of the Neuroscientific Evidence (2022)

The importance of large-scale brain networks in higher-order human functioning is well established in neuroscience, but has yet to deeply penetrate neurosurgical thinking due to concerns of clinical relevance. Here, we conducted the first systematic review examining the clinical importance of non-traditional, large-scale brain networks, including the default mode (DMN), central executive (CEN), salience (SN), dorsal attention (DAN), and ventral attention (VAN) networks. Studies which reported evidence of neurologic, cognitive, or emotional deficits in relation to damage or dysfunction in these networks were included. We screened 22,697 articles on PubMed, and 551 full-text articles were included and examined. Cognitive deficits were the most common symptom of network disturbances in varying amounts (36-56%), most frequently related to disruption of the DMN (n = 213) or some combination of DMN, CEN, and SN networks (n = 182). An increased proportion of motor symptoms was seen with CEN disruption (12%), and emotional (35%) or language/speech deficits (24%) with SN disruption. Disruption of the attention networks (VAN/DAN) with each other or the other networks mostly led to cognitive deficits (56%). A large body of evidence is available demonstrating the clinical importance of non-traditional, large-scale brain networks and suggests the need to preserve these networks is relevant for neurosurgical patients.
Ovulation in Plasminogen-Deficient Mice1 (1999)

Many different studies suggest that plasmin generated from plasminogen plays a crucial role in the degradation of the follicular wall at the time of ovulation. We have assessed the physiological relevance of plasmin on ovulation by studying plasminogen-deficient mice. Ovulation efficiency (mean number of ova released per mouse) was determined both in a standardized ovulation model in which 25-day-old immature mice were injected with finite amounts of gonadotropins to induce ovulation and during physiological ovulation using adult normally cycling mice. Our results revealed that the temporal onset of follicular wall rupture (first ova observed in bursa or oviduct) was not delayed in plasminogen-deficient mice during gonadotropin-induced ovulation. However, there was a trend toward slightly reduced ovulation efficiency in the plasminogen-deficient mice. This reduction was only 13% and not statistically significant (P = 0.084) and may be connected to a delayed maturation of these mice manifested in reduced body and ovary weights. During physiological ovulation adult plasminogen-deficient mice had normal ovulation efficiency compared with plasminogen wild-type mice. Taken together our results indicate that under the conditions used in this study plasmin is not required for efficient follicular rupture or for activation of other proteases involved in this process. Alternatively, the role of plasmin may be effectively compensated for by other mechanisms in the absence of plasmin.
High-Efficiency Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using C[sub 60] as a Surface Modifier on Indium Tin Oxide (2007)

C60 was introduced as a modifier on indium tin oxide (ITO) and the effect of C60 modification on light-emitting efficiency of blue&#13;\norganic light-emitting didoes was investigated. Device performances of C60 modified devices were greatly dependent on ITO&#13;\nsurface properties and C60 thickness. Power efficiency of blue devices was improved by 80% by C60 buffer layer on ITO because&#13;\nof low driving voltage and balanced electron-hole recombination
Laser ICF with Single Event Solution (2003)

In contrast to the double event scheme of the fast ignitor, we follow the results of measured high fusion gains to derive single event schemes for laser fusion. Following the results of the volume ignition and the results of low temperature ignition, we report about conditions where a single‐event classical ns laser pulse may be used. Several details were elaborated where the laser compression to more than 3000 times the solid state and with lasers pulses above 5 MJ produce very high gain fusion efficiencies though the initial optimum temperatures are in the range of 500 eV or even less. ‐ Another one‐step laser fusion using the new PW‐ps laser pulses combines the Norreys‐Fews scheme where the effect of a new discovered skin layer interaction is applied under control of prepulses as used for explaining the effect of anomalous low energy of ions emitted from ps irradiated targets measured by Badziak et al.. A drastic increase of the fusion gains for the experiment by Norreys et al. can be expected by application of the interpenetration model discussed earlier for the ANTARES laser.
DSP-based acceleration control system with only position sensor. (1990)

A great deal of efforts have been made in order to overcome the dynamical nonlinearity of servo system. One of the proposed methods is the acceleration control method based on the disturbance observer. However, as the disturbance observer requests the information of motor speed, this control method is often under the influence of the noise of speed sensor in the low motor speed range. In order to overcome these problem, this paper proposes a new DSP-based acceleration controller. This acceleration controller is designed on the basis of both the dual passive adaptive control loop and the direct compensation element G(s). It is called the model following acceleration control system in this paper. The proposed acceleration control system is fixed to the nominal mechanical dynamics in the presence of parameter variations and force disturbance. Hence, both the fast motion control and the accurate force control can be carried out easily. For the purpose of realizing the fast and accurate control, the proposed system is constructed by the software argorithm of DSP (digital signal processor). The experimental examples show that the proposed method is valid for both the fast motion control and the accurate force control.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of dopamine D2 receptor cDNA into rat striatum (1995)

A robust feature of mammalian aging associated with diminished motor control is the loss of dopamine D2 receptors from the neostriatum. Decline in this neurotransmitter receptor is also observed in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease and late-stage Parkinson's disease. We have constructed a replication-deficient adenoviral vector to transfer rat dopamine D2 receptor cDNA to brain as a possible therapeutic strategy. Using tissue culture cells infected with this vector, we detected dopamine D2 receptor mRNA by Northern analysis and functional receptor protein in membrane preparations as specific binding of the dopamine D2 receptor ligand, [3H]spiperone. In vivo demonstration involved autoradiographic analysis of [3H]spiperone binding in rat striatum following injection of the adenoviral vector. Dopamine D2 receptor expression was amplified markedly above normal concentrations in the injection site, whereas no increased expression was observed in sites receiving control treatments. These results demonstrate the potential of gene therapy using adenoviral vectors to transfer neurotransmitter receptor proteins to the brain to reverse deficiencies in specific neurodegenerative disorders.
Autonomous Acquisition of Natural Situated Communication (2014)

An important part of human intelligence, both historically and operationally, is our ability to communicate. We learn how to communicate, and maintain our communicative skills, in a society of communicators – a highly effective way to reach and maintain proficiency in this complex skill. Principles that might allow artificial agents to learn language this way are in completely known at present – the multi-dimensional nature of socio-communicative skills are beyond every machine learning framework so far proposed. Our work begins to address the challenge of proposing a way for observation-based machine learning of natural language and communication. Our framework can learn complex communicative skills with minimal up-front knowledge. The system learns by incrementally producing predictive models of causal relationships in observed data, guided by goal-inference and reasoning using forward-inverse models. We present results from two experiments where our S1 agent learns human communication by observing two humans interacting in a realtime TV-style interview, using multimodal communicative gesture and situated language to talk about recycling of various materials and objects. S1 can learn multimodal complex language and multimodal communicative acts, a vocabulary of 100 words forming natural sentences with relatively complex sentence structure, including manual deictic reference and anaphora. S1 is seeded only with high-level information about goals of the interviewer and interviewee, and a small ontology; no grammar or other information is provided to S1 a priori. The agent learns the pragmatics, semantics, and syntax of complex utterances spoken and gestures from scratch, by observing the humans compare and contrast the cost and pollution related to recycling aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspaper, plastic, and wood. After 20 hours of observation S1 can perform an unscripted TV interview with a human, in the same style, without making mistakes.
Surface and Site‐Specific Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization Initiated by Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (2003)

Eine Kombination von Dip-Pen-Nanolithographie und oberflächeninitiierter Ringöffnungsmetathesepolymerisation ermöglicht die Abscheidung nanometergroßer Polymerbürsten auf Metall- und Isolatorsubstraten (siehe AFM-Bild). Da bei diesem Verfahren Größe und Zusammensetzung der Polymerborsten gesteuert werden können, sollte es sich dazu eignen, kombinatorische Bibliotheken funktioneller Polymernanostrukturen schnell aufzubauen.
f-SAEM: A fast Stochastic Approximation of the EM algorithm for nonlinear mixed effects models (2019)

The ability to generate samples of the random effects from their conditional distributions is fundamental for inference in mixed effects models. Random walk Metropolis is widely used to perform such sampling, but this method is known to converge slowly for medium dimensional problems, or when the joint structure of the distributions to sample is spatially heterogeneous. The main contribution consists of an independent Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm based on a multidimensional Gaussian proposal that takes into account the joint conditional distribution of the random effects and does not require any tuning. Indeed, this distribution is automatically obtained thanks to a Laplace approximation of the incomplete data model. Such approximation is shown to be equivalent to linearizing the structural model in the case of continuous data. Numerical experiments based on simulated and real data illustrate the performance of the proposed methods. For fitting nonlinear mixed effects models, the suggested MH algorithm is efficiently combined with a stochastic approximation version of the EM algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation of the global parameters.
Synergistic advances in diagnostic and therapeutic medical ultrasound (2003)

Significant advances are more fully exploiting ultrasound’s potential for noninvasive diagnosis and treatment. Therapeutic systems employ intense focused beams to thermally kill cancer cells in, e.g., prostate; to stop bleeding; and to treat specific diseases (e.g., glaucoma). Diagnostic ultrasound techniques can quantitatively image an increasingly broad spectrum of physical tissue attributes. An exciting aspect of this progress is the emerging synergy between these modalities. Advanced diagnostic techniques may contribute at several stages in therapy. For example, treatment planning for small ocular tumors uses 50-MHz, 3-D ultrasonic images with 0.05-mm resolution. Thermal simulations employ these images to evaluate desired and undesired effects using exposure stategies with specially designed treatment beams. Therapy beam positioning can use diagnostic elastography to sense tissue motion induced by radiation pressure from high-intensity treatment beams. Therapy monitoring can sense lesion formation using elastography motion sensing (to detect the increased stiffness in lesions); harmonic imaging (to sense altered nonlinear properties); and spectrum analysis images (depicting changes in the sizes, concentration, and configuration of sub-resolution structures.) Experience from these applications will greatly expand the knowledge of acoustic phenomena in living tissues and should lead to further advances in medical ultrasound.
Entity quick click (2006)

Retyping text phrases can be time consuming. As a result, techniques for copying text from one software application to another, such as copy-and-paste and drag-and-drop are now commonplace. However, even these techniques can be too slow in situations where many phrases need to be copied. In the special case where the phrases to be copied represent syntactically identifiable entities, such as person names, company names, telephone numbers, or street addresses, much faster phrase copying is possible. We describe entity quick click, an approach that reduces both the amount of cursor travel and the number of button presses needed to copy a phrase.
Multilayer coatings for femto- and attosecond technology (2017)

Chirped multilayer mirrors have permitted mode-locked lasers to routinely generate pulses in the sub-10 fs regime. Continuous progress in the design, manufacturing, and characterization of multilayer structures has led to ever more precise group-delay dispersion control over ever broader spectral ranges. The resultant few-cycle laser fields have opened the door to the generation and measurement of isolated attosecond pulses and led to the birth of attosecond metrology. Precision multilayer dispersion control over increasing bandwidth has gradually pushed the frontier of femtosecond technology to what has been thought to be its ultimate limit: the wave cycle of visible light, allowing routine generation of sub-100 attosecond pulses. Next-generation attosecond technology will be based on synthesized multi-octave waveforms; they are expected to advance the field in several ways: first, by permitting control of electronic motions with a force variable on the atomic time scale; second, by providing sub-femtosecond optical transients for attosecond nonlinear pump-probe spectroscopy; third, by producing attosecond pulses at Angstrom wavelengths, opening the door to four-dimensional imaging with atomic resolution in space and time. In this article, we address the enabling technology: chirped multilayers for spectral separation and recombination as well as precise dispersion control of multi-octave optical radiation spanning from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared range. This cutting-edge optical technology provides the force engineerable on atomic-to-molecular time scales and brings about the next revolution in ultrafast science.