gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary artery segmentation and quantification in sickle cell associated pulmonary hypertension (2008)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a known complication associated with sickle-cell disease; roughly 75% of sickle cell disease-afflicted patients have pulmonary arterial hypertension at the time of death. This prospective study investigates the potential of image analysis to act as a surrogate for presence and extent of disease, and whether the size change of the pulmonary arteries of sickle cell patients could be linked to sickle-cell associated pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary CT-Angiography scans from sickle-cell patients were obtained and retrospectively analyzed. Randomly selected pulmonary CT-Angiography studies from patients without sickle-cell anemia were used as negative controls. First, images were smoothed using anisotropic diffusion. Then, a combination of fast marching and geodesic active contours level sets were employed to segment the pulmonary artery. An algorithm based on fast marching methods was used to compute the centerline of the segmented arteries. From the centerline, the diameters at the pulmonary trunk and first branch of the pulmonary arteries were measured automatically. Arterial diameters were normalized to the width of the thoracic cavity, patient weight and body surface. Results show that the pulmonary trunk and first right and left pulmonary arterial branches at the pulmonary trunk junction are significantly larger in diameter with increased blood flow in sickle-cell anemia patients as compared to controls (p values of 0.0278 for trunk and 0.0007 for branches). CT with image processing shows great potential as a surrogate indicator of pulmonary hemodynamics or response to therapy, which could be an important tool for drug discovery and noninvasive clinical surveillance.
Security intelligence for cloud management infrastructures (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of protecting cloud infrastructures and customer workloads via smart auditing and logging, satisfying regulatory and compliance requirements. We observe that traditional approaches of logging and auditing events in cloud-scale infrastructures will not be effective without taking into account other controls. We introduce the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cloud Security Intelligence</i> (CSI), a new systematic approach for collecting, aggregating, correlating, and analyzing data from management, control, and data planes of cloud infrastructures, using a closed-loop architecture. Our approach cross-correlates control and data plane events, automatically deriving rules for monitoring and audits. Specifically, it sets dynamic rules concerning what and how to audit, adapting the logging accordingly, while comparing the data access patterns and configurations with the desired privileges and specifications. We have implemented CSI on two OpenStack <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> -based systems: a closed loop <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">network</i> protection scheme and a cloud <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">storage</i> audit and risk analysis scheme for monitoring data access. In order to make cloud security approaches effective and scalable, we suggest that it is essential to use an intelligent approach such as correlating cloud logic from multiple cloud layers and components-e.g., IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) or PaaS (Platform as a Service)-providing workload context that is maintained by cloud management systems, and using analytics on historical logs.
A micromachined surface acoustic wave sensor for detecting inert gases (2002)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors must be specifically designed for each application because many variables directly affect the acoustic wave velocity. In the present work, we have designed, fabricated, and tested a SAW sensor for detection of metastable states of He. The sensor consists of two sets of micromachined interdigitated transducers (IDTs) and delay lines fabricated by photolithography on a single Y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate oriented for Z-propagation of the SAWs. One set is used as a reference and the other set employs a delay line coated with a titanium-based thin film sensitive to electrical conductivity changes when exposed to metastable states of He. The reference sensor is used to obtain a true frequency translation in relation to a voltage controlled oscillator. An operating frequency of 109 MHz has been used, and the MT finger width is 8 /spl mu/m. Variation in electrical conductivity of the thin film at the delay line due to exposure to He is detected as a frequency shift in the assembly, which is then used as a measure of the amount of metastable He exposed to the sensing film on the SAW delay line. A variation in the He pressure versus frequency shifts indicates the extent of the metastable He interaction.
Mechanisms of FH Protection Against Neovascular AMD (2020)

A common allele (402H) of the complement factor H (FH) gene is the major risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. Development and progression of AMD involves vascular and inflammatory components partly by deregulation of the alternative pathway of the complement system (AP). The loss of central vision results from atrophy and/or from abnormal neovascularization arising from the choroid. The functional link between FH, the main inhibitor of AP, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in AMD remains unclear. In a murine model of CNV used as a model for neovascular AMD (nAMD), intraocular human recombinant FH (recFH) reduced CNV as efficiently as currently used anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) antibody, decreasing deposition of C3 cleavage fragments, membrane attack complex (MAC), and microglia/macrophage recruitment markers in the CNV lesion site. In sharp contrast, recFH carrying the H402 risk variant had no effect on CNV indicating a causal link to disease etiology. Only the recFH NT<sup>al</sup> region (recFH1-7), containing the CCPs1-4 C3-convertase inhibition domains and the CCP7 binding domain, exerted all differential biological effects. The CT<sup>al</sup> region (recFH7-20) containing the CCP7 and CCPs19-20 binding domains was antiangiogenic but did not reduce the microglia/macrophage recruitment. The antiangiogenic effect of both recFH1-20 and recFH-CCP7-20 resulted from thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) upregulation independently of the C3 cleavage fragments generation. This study provides insight on the mechanistic role of FH in nAMD and invites to reconsider its therapeutic potential.
Towards Effective Information Display Using Vibrotactile Apparent Motion (2006)

In this paper, we explore the use of tactile apparent motion at different speeds for information display. A prototype vibrotactile tactor array was constructed, consisting of three rings of five voice-coil tactors each, and mounted on the upper arm of test subjects. The results of two experiments are presented: a study on the sensitivity to differences in apparent motion speed, and a study on users’ ability to differentiate four motion patterns at three different speeds. Users had little trouble with pattern identification, but found absolute speed recognition difficult. Several ideas for future exploration of tactile apparent motion for general-purpose information displays are presented.
Endoscopic Dilation of Post-Sleeve Gastrectomy Stenosis: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Results (2021)

Aims Post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG) stenoses occur in about 5 % of cases. Hydrostatic dilation (HD) and pneumatic dilation (PD) have been proposed as treatments, but efficacy data remain scarce. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and the initial and long-term efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation for post-SG stenosis according to different mechanisms of post-SG stenosis.
Effects of breathing air containing 3% carbon dioxide, 35% oxygen or a mixture of 3% carbon dioxide/35% oxygen on cerebral and peripheral oxygenation at 150 m and 3459 m (2003)

The effects of gas mixtures comprising supplementary 3% carbon dioxide, 35% oxygen or a combination of 3% CO(2) plus 35% O(2) in ambient air have been compared on arterial blood gases, peripheral and cerebral oxygenation and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAV) at 150 m and on acute exposure to 3459 m in 12 healthy subjects. Breathing 3% CO(2) or 35% O(2) increased arterial blood oxygen at both altitudes, and the CO(2)/O(2) combination resulted in the most marked rise. MCAV increased on ascent to 3459 m, increasing further with 3% CO(2) and decreasing with 35% O(2) at both altitudes. The CO(2)/O(2) combination resulted in an increase in MCAV at 150 m, but not at 3549 m. Cerebral regional oxygenation fell on ascent to 3459 m. Breathing 3% CO(2) or 35% O(2) increased cerebral oxygenation at both altitudes, and the CO(2)/O(2) combination resulted in the greatest rise at both altitudes. The combination also resulted in significant rises in cutaneous and muscle oxygenation at 3459 m. The key role of carbon dioxide in oxygenation at altitude is confirmed, and the importance of this gas for tissue oxygenation is demonstrated.
Anomalous temperature behaviour and band tailing in InGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on sapphire by MOCVD (1998)

Summary form only given. InGaN is very attractive as the active region material for optoelectronic devices emitting near-UV and blue/green light. However, in spite of tremendous progress in realization of GaN/InGaN/AlGaN light-emitting diodes and diode lasers, the underlying fundamental processes of carrier recombination in InGaN are still poorly understood. For example, controversies surround the role of localized excitons in optical gain, or self-formation of quantum dots in InGaN. Light emission from single-quantum-well (SQW) blue and green light emitting diodes (LEDs) was studied extensively, and it was shown that their unusual temperature, current, and hydrostatic pressure behavior was consistent with involvement of density-of-states (DOS) band tails in the optical emission process. In the paper, we demonstrate that thicker InGaN/GaN heterostructures exhibit behavior similar to that observed in SQW LEDs. Samples under study were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by atmospheric-pressure metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD).
Adenovirus DNA-binding protein forms a multimeric protein complex with double-stranded DNA and enhances binding of nuclear factor I (1990)

The 72-kilodalton adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP) binds to single-stranded DNA as well as to RNA and double-stranded DNA and is essential for the replication of viral DNA. We investigated the binding of DBP to double-stranded DNA by gel retardation analysis. By using a 114-base-pair DNA fragment, five or six different complexes were observed by gel retardation. The mobility of these complexes is dependent on the DBP concentration, suggesting that the complexes arise by sequential binding of DBP molecules to the DNA. In contrast to binding to single-stranded DNA, the binding of DBP to double-stranded DNA appears to be noncooperative. DBP binds to linear DNA as well as to circular DNA, while linear DNA containing the adenovirus terminal protein was also recognized. No specificity for adenovirus origin sequences was observed. To study whether the binding of DBP could influence initiation of DNA replication, we analyzed the effect of DBP on the binding of nuclear factor I (NFI) and NFIII, two sequence-specific origin-recognizing proteins that enhance initiation. At subsaturating levels of NFI, DBP increases the rate of binding of NFI considerably, while no effect was seen on NFIII. This stimulation of NFI binding is specific for DBP and was not observed with another protein (NFIV), which forms a similar DNA-multimeric protein complex. In agreement with enhanced NFI binding, DBP stimulates initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro especially strongly at subsaturating NFI concentrations. We explain our results by assuming that DBP forms a complex with origin DNA that promotes formation of an alternative DNA structure, thereby facilitating the binding of NFI as well as the initiation of DNA replication via NFI.
Figures S7-S10 from Discovery of Selective Estrogen Receptor Covalent Antagonists for the Treatment of ERα<sup>WT</sup> and ERα<sup>MUT</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;C530 residue is critical for H3B-5942 potency&lt;/p&gt;
CFD Modeling of a Vortex Induced Stratification Combustion (VISC) System (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the CFD modeling work conducted for the development and research of a Vortex Induced Stratification Combustion (VISC) system that demonstrated superior fuel economy benefits. The Ford in-house CFD code and simulation methodology were employed. In the VISC concept a vortex forms on the outside of the wide cone angle spray and transports fuel vapor from the spray to the spark plug gap. A spray model for an outward-opening pintle injector used in the engine was developed, tested, and implemented in the code. Modeling proved to be effective for design optimization and analysis. The CFD simulations revealed important physical phenomena associated with the spray-guided combustion system mixing preparation. This paper presents the effect of various parameters such as piston shape, injector axial position, spark plug axial position, swirl control valve (SCV), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on mixture formation that affects the combustion, misfire rate, and stability in stratified-charge operation. A smoke correlation based on the amount of piston wetting and the amount of vapor in the rich regions will also be presented together with the effect of the piston shape, manifold absolute pressure (MAP), and split injection on smoke emissions in stratified-charge operation. The mixture preparation in homogeneous-charge operation in the current VISC system with a centrally mounted injector will be compared to the mixture preparation in a wall-guided system with a side-mounted injector.&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure S3 from NAP1051, a Lipoxin A4 Biomimetic Analogue, Demonstrates Antitumor Activity Against the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 shows the gating strategy for analysis of immune cell subpopulations in the spleen and tumor.&lt;/p&gt;
First-principles calculations of equilibrium ground-state properties of Au and Ag (1989)

The equilibrium ground-state properties of the noble metals Ag and Au are calculated from first principles, using norm-conserving pseudopotentials. We have obtained the cohesive energies, bulk moduli, and lattice constants of Ag and Au, which are in very good agreement with experiments. We have also examined the importance of the relativistic effects in governing the structural properties of Au.
Precision and linearity targets for validation of an IFNγ ELISPOT, cytokine flow cytometry, and tetramer assay using CMV peptides (2008)

These data provide target values for precision and linearity of single-cell assays for those wishing to validate these assays in their own laboratories. They also allow for comparison of the precision and linearity of ELISPOT, CFC, and tetramer across a range of response levels. There was a trend toward tetramer assays showing the highest precision, followed closely by CFC, and then ELISPOT; while all three assays had similar linearity. These findings are contingent upon the use of optimized protocols for each assay.
Nuclear volume and expression of T-antigen, sialosyl-Tn-antigen, and Tn-antigen in carcinoma of the human bladder. Relation to tumor recurrence and progression (1992)

The T-antigen system and the mean nuclear volume have been proposed as risk variables in bladder tumors. This study includes 34 patients with initially noninvasive (Ta) transitional cell carcinomas who experienced different courses of disease. Tissue specimens of primary tumors were analyzed for the expression of T-antigen, Tn-antigen, and sialosyl-Tn-antigen using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) in an indirect immunoperoxidase method. In addition, the mean nuclear volume was estimated by morphometry. Tissue from 7 of 13 patients (54%) who had invasive disease during a follow-up period of 5 years expressed T-antigen, as defined by MoAb HH8 in the primary tumor, whereas tissue of only 3 of 21 patients who did not have invasive disease expressed the antigen (P less than 0.02). No association was found between tumor progression to invasion and the expression of Tn-antigen or sialosyl-Tn-antigen. Tn-antigen expression was partially lost in invasive tumors (P less than 0.03) when compared with the expression in primary noninvasive tumors. A high mean nuclear volume in tissue specimens of primary tumors correlated with a progression to invasive disease (P less than 0.01). A significantly (P less than 0.003) higher mean nuclear volume was found in tumor areas that were positive for PNA compared with areas that were negative for PNA in primary tumors. A significantly lower mean nuclear volume was found in Tn-antigen-positive invasive Grade 3 tumor areas than in Tn-antigen-negative areas (P less than 0.005). The combined use of T-antigen expression and mean nuclear volume is of potential clinical interest for determining patients who are at high risk of disease progression.
Sparsity Constrained Nonlinear Optimization: Optimality Conditions and Algorithms (2013)

This paper treats the problem of minimizing a general continuously differentiable function subject to sparsity constraints. We present and analyze several different optimality criteria which are based on the notions of stationarity and coordinatewise optimality. These conditions are then used to derive three numerical algorithms aimed at finding points satisfying the resulting optimality criteria: the iterative hard thresholding method and the greedy and partial sparse-simplex methods. The first algorithm is essentially a gradient projection method, while the remaining two algorithms are of a coordinate descent type. The theoretical convergence of these techniques and their relations to the derived optimality conditions are studied. The algorithms and results are illustrated by several numerical examples.
Material development for dye solar modules: results from an integrated approach (2008)

Abstract In this paper, we report on the outcome of a German network project conducted with 12 partners from universities and research institutes on the material development of dye solar cells (DSC). We give an overview in the field and evaluate the concept of monolithic DSC further with respect to upscaling and producibility on glass substrates. We have developed a manufacturing process for monolithic DSC modules which is entirely based on screen printing. Similar to our previous experience gained in the sealing of standard DSC, the encapsulation of the modules is achieved in a fusing step by soldering of glass frit layers. For use in monolithic DSC, a platinum free, conductive counter electrode layer, showing a charge transfer resistance of R CT &lt; 1·5 Ω cm 2 , has been realized by firing a graphite/carbon black composite under an inert atmosphere. Glass frit sealed monolithic test cells have been prepared using this platinum‐free material. A solar efficiency of 6% on a 2·0 cm 2 active cell area has been achieved in this case. Various types of non‐volatile imidazolium‐based binary ionic liquid electrolytes have been synthesized and optimized with respect to diffusion‐limited currents and charge transfer resistances in DSC. In addition, quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes have been successfully tested by applying inorganic (SiO 2 ) physical gelators. For the use in semi‐transparent DSC modules, a polyol process has been developed which resulted in the preparation of screen printed, transparent catalytic platinum layers showing an extremely low charge transfer resistance (0·25 Ω cm 2 ). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Self-healing electrode protection in electrochemical cells (2023)

Articles and methods for protection of electrodes in electrochemical cells, including protective material precursor layers for use in electrode protective structures, are provided. Certain embodiments relate to electrode protective structures that comprise protective material precursor layers that, upon direct contact with a liquid electrolyte, cause a reaction product to form between the material of the precursor layer and a component of the electrolyte.
Conformation of dopamine at the dopamine receptor. (1978)

Tritiated dopamine was used to label the dopamine receptor in membranes isolated from the rat corpus striatum. Scatchard analysis of displacement of [3H]dopamine by nonradioactive dopamine indicated the presence of two binding sites. The similarities in affinity, capacity, and drug specificity of the high-affinity site in the striatal membranes from rat and the binding site in the membranes from the calf caudate nucleus suggest that [3H]dopamine labels the same site in both species. In order to determine what conformation of dopamine is preferred at the dopamine receptor site, conformationally restricted analogs of dopamine--namely, the cis and trans 2-amino-1(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane hydrochlorides--were tested for their affinity to the receptor. Compared to the cis conformation, the trans-restricted analogs had more affinity for the receptor site, indicating that dopamine probably interacts with the receptor in the trans conformation.
A novel model for system-level decision making with combined ASP and SMT solving (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel model enabling system-level decision making for time-triggered many-core architectures in automotive systems. The proposed application model includes shared data entities that need to be bound to memories during decision making. As a key enabler to our approach, we explicitly separate computation and shared memory communication over a network-on-chip (NoC). To deal with contention on a NoC, we model the necessary basis to implement a time-triggered schedule that guarantees freedom of interference. We compute fundamental design decisions, namely (a) spatial binding, (b) multi-hop routing, and (c) time-triggered scheduling, by a novel coupling of answer set programming (ASP) with satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers. First results of an automotive case study demonstrate the applicability of our method for complex real-world applications.
Basic concepts (2012)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.