gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons from Adult Common Marmoset Fibroblasts (2017)

The common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus; Cj) is an advantageous nonhuman primate species for modeling age-related disorders, including Parkinson's disease, due to their shorter life span compared to macaques. Cj-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (Cj-iPSCs) from somatic cells are needed for in vitro disease modeling and testing regenerative medicine approaches. Here we report the development of a novel Cj-iPSC line derived from adult marmoset fibroblasts. The Cj-iPSCs showed potent pluripotency properties, including the development of mesodermal lineages in tumors after injection to immunocompromised mice, as well as ectoderm and endoderm lineages after in vitro differentiation regimens, demonstrating differentiated derivatives of all three embryonic layers. In addition, expression of key pluripotency genes (ZFP42, PODXL, DNMT3B, C-MYC, LIN28, KLF4, NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4) was observed. We then tested the neural differentiation capacity and gene expression profiles of Cj-iPSCs and a marmoset embryonic stem cell line (Cj-ESC) after dual-SMAD inhibition. Exposure to CHIR99021 and sonic hedgehog (SHH) for 12 and 16 days, respectively, patterned the cells toward a ventralized midbrain dopaminergic phenotype, confirmed by expression of FOXA2, OTX2, EN-1, and tyrosine hydroxylase. These results demonstrate that common marmoset stem cells will be able to serve as a platform for investigating regenerative medicine approaches targeting the dopaminergic system.
Backscattering spectroscopic contrast with angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (2007)

Backscattering spectroscopic contrast using angle-resolved optical coherence tomography is demonstrated as a powerful method for determining scatterer diameter with subwavelength resolution. By applying spectroscopic digital processing algorithms to interferograms acquired in the frequency domain with a wavelength-swept laser centered at 1295 nm, it was shown that differences in wavelength-dependent backscattering from 0.3 and 1 microm diameter microspheres can be clearly resolved. The observed backscattering spectra were found to be consistent with Mie theory. High levels of speckle noise reduction achieved by angular compounding increased the spatial resolution at which backscattering spectra could be accurately differentiated.
Deficient tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocyte response in malignant lymphoma: relationship to HLA expression and host immunocompetence. (1993)

Tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (T-TIL) are putative mediators of tumor containment that exhibit unique specificity for autologous tumor cells. The magnitude of T-TIL response in biopsy specimens from patients with B-cell lymphoma has been suggested as an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Since recognition of tumor antigens may occur in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, effective T-TIL tumor immunosurveillance may be limited by either failure to express MHC-encoded recognition structures and/or host T-cell immunocompetence. To further delineate T-cell immunoregulation in B-cell lymphoma, we assessed T-TIL fraction and tumor expression of invariant class I and class II HLA determinants by immunohistochemistry in biopsy specimens. Two distinct clinical cohorts of B-cell lymphoma were investigated to delineate pathogenetic differences in T-TIL response. One group, representing immunodeficient and transplant-related lymphomas, comprised 18 patients with AIDS- or allograft-related lymphoma. The second group comprised 83 consecutive cases of sporadic diffuse large cell (DLCL) lymphoma. Median CD8+ T-TIL was significantly lower (4.9% versus 12.7%) among immunodeficiency-associated lymphoma and the frequency of cases with low (< 6%) CD8+ T-TIL greater (76% versus 23%) (p < 0.0001). None of the immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas demonstrated non-polymorphic HLA loss. Absence of one or more class I or II HLA determinants was found in 13 out of 19 (68%) sporadic DLCL specimens with low CD8+ T-TIL, compared to 20% of cases with higher T-TIL fraction (p = 0.0004). These findings implicate impaired host immunosurveillance in deficient T-TIL response in immunodeficiency-associated B-cell lymphoma, whereas low T-TIL in sporadic cases of DLCL relates to tumor loss of HLA determinants. Strategies to modulate tumor HLA expression or augment antitumor response merit investigation in patients with B-cell lymphoma.
Abstract WMP79: Recapitulation on the Ground of Helicopter Flight Low Frequency Vibration Enhances Stroke Thrombolysis (2020)

Background: Understanding the potential effects on stroke outcome of the unique physical factors present in a helicopter ambulance flight is critical in the era of thrombectomy. However, this factor in patient care has not been adequately investigated. Methods: This was a prospective randomized blinded end-point animal study. A murine model of middle cerebral artery autologous thromboembolic occlusion (eMCAO) with rtPA reperfusion was exposed to three different settings: 1) a standardized actual helicopter flight, 2) a motion platform simulator that delivered the exact LFV signature of the helicopter, and 3) a ground control. Outcome measures included infarct size and BBB permeability on MRI, and neurological scores. Results: A total of 106 mice were analyzed. Within the rtPA group, LFV simulator mice displayed lower infarction volumes on MRI (31.6 vs. 54.9 mm 3 , p=0.007) and improved neurological scores (87 vs. 28%, p=0.0001) compared to ground control mice. By contrast, mice receiving saline did not show change in either infarction volume (80.9 vs. 95.3, p=0.8) or neurological scores (37 vs. 28%, p=0.7). No differences were seen in the actual helicopter flight group as compared with ground control. No treatment group showed any difference in permeability of the blood brain barrier, assessed by MRI. Conclusion: We found a synergistic beneficial effect of combining helicopter-like LFV and rtPA, which could provide a novel, safe, and potentially more efficacious intervention for patients with stroke. These results also suggest that non-LFV helicopter physical factors, such, as hypobaric environment, accelerations and noise, may have a negating effect on the otherwise positive effect of helicopter vibration on stroke outcomes. If so, strategies to minimize these negating factors might be expected to improve patient outcome.
Electric Load Leveling Method for Green Base Station (2019)

Reducing the power consumed by base stations is an urgent requirement. Our research shows that it is possible to reduce electricity consumption, especially peak loads, by electric load leveling method. This approach is implemented in the Green Power Controller, a technique developed for the Green Base Station, which is the power system of base stations used for disaster relief and reducing energy costs. Trials of an implemented controller confirm that the control proposal is effective in reducing electricity consumption by suppressing the peaks in electric power consumption. In anticipation of electricity-network liberalization and accompanying power reforms, we will consider the role of the Green Power Controller and develop even more effective electricity rate reduction measures.
Fabrication and Characterization of High‐Conductivity Bilayer Electrolytes for Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2005)

A stable bilayer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity was developed for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell operation. The bilayer structure improved the limited thermodynamic stability of bismuth oxides and prevented electronic conductivity of ceria‐based oxides in reducing atmosphere. Bilayer electrolytes were formed by depositing thin and thick layers of erbia‐stabilized bismuth oxide (ESB) on samaria‐doped ceria (SDC) substrates, via pulsed laser deposition and dip‐coating techniques. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the ESB/SDC samples showed dense ESB layers and excellent adherence between both ESB and SDC phases. Interdiffusion between the two phases was not detected by X‐ray diffraction and EDX. Measurements of the conductivity of SDC coated with ESB exhibited slightly higher total conductance than SDC.
Managing Thermal Emission: Subwavelength Diffractive Optics Technology in Support of SOF. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Understanding Complex Trait Susceptibilities and Ethnical Diversity in a Sample of 4,145 Russians Through Analysis of Clinical and Genetic Data (2023)

Abstract The population of Russia consists of more than 150 local ethnicities. The ethnic diversity and geographic origins, which extend from eastern Europe to Asia, make the population uniquely positioned to investigate the shared properties of inherited disease risks between European and Asian ethnicities. We present the analysis of genetic and phenotypic data from a cohort of 4,145 individuals collected in three metro areas in western Russia. We show the presence of multiple admixed ancestry clusters spanning from primarily European to Asian and high identity-by-descent sharing with the Finnish population. As a result, there was notable enrichment of Finnish-specific variants in Russia. We illustrate the utility of Russian-descent cohorts for discovery of novel population-specific genetic associations, as well as replication of previously identified associations that were thought to be population-specific in other cohorts. Finally, we provide access to a database of GWAS results for 465 unique phenotypes and allele frequencies.
Sexual At-Risk Behaviors of Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls (2003)

The present study investigated sexual at-risk behaviors of sexually abused adolescent girls. Variables of interest were presence of consensual sexual activity, age at first consensual intercourse, number of sexual partners, condom use, and pregnancies. Participants were 125 sexually abused adolescent girls aged 12 to 17 years. Results showed that severity of sexual abuse (e.g., penetration, multiple perpetrators, physical coercion, multiple incidents of abuse) was related to a greater number of sexual at-risk behaviors. For instance, adolescents with a history of sexual abuse involving penetration were 13 times as likely to have been pregnant. Although family characteristics were significantly associated with being sexually active, their effect proved non-significant in the final hierarchical regression. Regression analyses clearly showed that the likelihood of engaging in sexual at-risk behaviors increased as a function of the number of severity factors.
The Feasible FES System: Battery Powered BION Stimulator (2008)

This paper discusses some of the advances and limitations of the field of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and why the field has difficulty in achieving its promise whenever many wires are used throughout the body. We take the stand that the great time for FES will be when the stimulators and sensors are injectable and wireless and thus make it feasible to have many stimulation/sensing locations in the body. It has taken a long time to get there, but we are getting close to having a coordinated wireless system. The only commercially successful FES devices that exist today are the cardiac pacemakers, the spinal cord stimulators, and, to a lesser extent, the cochlear implants, none of which have more than one or two cables placed in the body.
Modulation of Retroviral Restriction and Proteasome Inhibitor-Resistant Turnover by Changes in the TRIM5α B-Box 2 Domain (2007)

An intact B-box 2 domain is essential for the antiretroviral activity of TRIM5alpha. We modeled the structure of the B-box 2 domain of TRIM5alpha based on the existing three-dimensional structure of the B-box 2 domain of human TRIM29. Using this model, we altered the residues predicted to be exposed on the surface of this globular structure. Most of the alanine substitutions in these residues exerted little effect on the antiretroviral activity of human TRIM5alphahu or rhesus monkey TRIM5alpharh. However, alteration of arginine 119 of TRIM5alphahu or the corresponding arginine 121 of TRIM5alpharh diminished the abilities of the proteins to restrict retroviral infection without affecting trimerization or recognition of the viral capsid. The abilities of these functionally defective TRIM5alpha proteins to accelerate the uncoating of the targeted retroviral capsid were abolished. Removal of the positively charged side chain from B-box 2 arginines 119/120/121 resulted in diminished proteasome-independent turnover of TRIM5alpha and the related restriction factor TRIMCyp. However, testing of an array of mutants revealed that the rapid turnover and retroviral restriction functions of this B-box 2 region are separable.
Appropriateness of e-learning resources for the development of transversal skills in the new European Higher Education Area (2006)

The new European Higher Education Area (EHEA) implies not only a change in the content, length and name of the university degrees, but also a change in the pedagogical methodology. In this study, e-learning possibilities in the new scenario, where the main actor is the student, have been analyzed. Students must acquire specific knowledge of their profession, but also transversal skills for the work they develop in their jobs. So, interpersonal, teamwork, learning, communication or computing skills must be essential pieces of the instructional designs of the university degrees. The paper is focused on the analysis of the technological tools most frequently used in the learning management systems (LMS's), and of how these tools facilitate the development of the transversal skills mentioned in the Tuning Project. Tools are divided into contents tools (text, videos, simulators, e-labs, etc) and communication tools (forums, e-mail, virtual classrooms, etc.). Opinion polls to professors from engineering and humanities degrees from different Spanish universities, most of them with experience in distance education, have been used in the analysis
Experimental demonstration of GaN IMPATT diode at X-band (2021)

Abstract We report the first experimental demonstration of microwave oscillation in GaN impact ionization avalanche time transit (IMPATT) diodes at the X-band. The device used in this study is a single drift diode with a p + –n simple abrupt junction and vertical mesa termination. The reverse I – V characteristic of the diode shows low leakage current, clear avalanche breakdown, and high avalanche capability, as required for IMPATT operation. Microwave testing is performed in an X-band waveguide circuit with a reduced-height waveguide resonant cavity. Oscillations are observed at 9.52 GHz at a power of ∼56 mW.
Systems and methods for additive manufacturing to encapsulate transformative colloidal suspensions (2023)

The present disclosure relates to an energy absorbing three dimensional (3D) structure. The structure may have an outer shell formed from a shell material. The outer shell may have a void forming a core volume. A transformative feedstock is contained in the void. The transformative feedstock is encapsulated within the outer shell, within the void, and provides enhanced energy absorbing properties to the 3D structure.
Rethinking the progress bar (2007)

Progress bars are prevalent in modern user interfaces. Typically, a linear function is employed such that the progress of the bar is directly proportional to how much work has been completed. However, numerous factors cause progress bars to proceed at non-linear rates. Additionally, humans perceive time in a non-linear way. This paper explores the impact of various progress bar behaviors on user perception of process duration. The results are used to suggest several design considerations that can make progress bars appear faster and ultimately improve users' computing experience.
10405 Deformation Measurement of Containers for Liquid Food under Impact Drop (2013)

Recently, a new container for liquid of food products, which consists of a case made of a sheet of recycled paper and a liquid-packaging bag with a pouring lip made of a plastic film has been developed. The improvement of the resistance of the new container to drop impact is desired because the resistance is not adequately. To improve the resistance, it is important to investigate the deformation of the case. In this study, the deformation of the bottom of the case subjected to drop impact was observed using a high speed camera. Results indicated that the case had characteristic deformation.
Natural History of Patients Hospitalized with Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis (2005)

Purpose: To study the immune-status of patients with fulminant ulcerative colitis (UC) who have been hospitalized for treatment with intravenous glucocorticoids. To study the long-term clinical outcome of this patient population. Methods: A cohort of oral steroid resistant UC patients (N = 201) were evaluated for Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load and lymphocyte subsets during and subsequent to receiving IV steroids. EBV viral load data were also obtained for a cohort of patients (N = 64) with mild to moderate UC. Retrospectively, the clinical outcome data from the Kaiser Permanente IBD Registry were analyzed for a third cohort of patients (N = 663) who had received intravenous steroids during their initial hospitalization for fulminant UC. Results: Of the first cohort evaluated, 40% had measurable copies of EBV genome in their blood as compared to 0% of less severe UC patients, and 31% had CD4 counts below 200/mcL. Furthermore, 9% had both low CD4 counts and detectable EBV. Of a subset of patients screened for CMV (N = 73), only 5% were positive for CMV genome. Of the 663 patients reviewed from the Kaiser Permanente IBD Registry, 133 underwent colectomy during the index hospitalization. 497 patients left the hospital without colectomy, 82% of which tapered off steroids within 6 months of discharge, while 18% did not. However, 41% had re-started steroids by the first anniversary of their discharge date, 21% were re-hospitalized, and 10% underwent colectomy within 12 months of the initial discharge date. Conclusions: UC Patients receiving IV steroids experience significant immunosuppression, as evidenced by increases in EBV viral load and decreased CD4 counts. This contrasts with the EBV status and CD4 counts5 of patients with mild to moderate UC, both of which are within normal range. UC patients from a community-based practice who were hospitalized for severe UC and treated with IV steroids were at significant risk for immediate colectomy before release (20%), while those who were released without colectomy were at significant risk for relapse of disease (72%) and for colectomy (10%) in the ensuing 12 months. 5 Gut 1991 32(7):779–83
IκB kinase β (IKKβ) does not mediate feedback inhibition of the insulin signalling cascade (2011)

In the present study, we have examined whether IKKβ [IκB (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB) kinase β] plays a role in feedback inhibition of the insulin signalling cascade. Insulin induces the phosphorylation of IKKβ, in vitro and in vivo, and this effect is dependent on intact signalling via PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), but not PKB (protein kinase B). To test the hypothesis that insulin activates IKKβ as a means of negative feedback, we employed a variety of experimental approaches. First, pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ via BMS-345541 did not potentiate insulin-induced IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) tyrosine phosphorylation, PKB phosphorylation or 2-deoxyglucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BMS-345541 did not prevent insulin-induced IRS1 serine phosphorylation on known IKKβ target sites. Secondly, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of wild-type IKKβ in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes did not suppress insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation, IRS1 association with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K or PKB phosphorylation. Thirdly, insulin signalling was not potentiated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking IKKβ. Finally, insulin treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes did not promote the recruitment of IKKβ to IRS1, supporting our findings that IKKβ, although activated by insulin, does not promote direct serine phosphorylation of IRS1 and does not contribute to the feedback inhibition of the insulin signalling cascade.
Parallel computation of higher order moments on the MasPar-1 machine (2002)

The design of efficient parallel processing implementations for speeding up the computationally intensive estimation of higher order statistics (HOS) has been recognized as an important task by the signal processing community. We report on the synthesis of minimum running time (latency) data-parallel algorithms that can be employed to compute all moment lags, up to the 3rd or 4th-order, on the MasPar-1 single instruction multiple data (SIMD) parallel system. By construction the synthesized SIMD algorithms require constant memory per processing element (PE), thus allowing the processing of 1-D input data sequences with as many as M=2/sup 10/ data samples. Simulation results are presented showing the gain in speedup and execution times, as compared to optimized versions of the serial estimation algorithm running in powerful workstations.
Adaptive algorithm based on a new hyperbolic sine cost function (2017)

This paper introduces a stochastic gradient algorithm, which uses an exclusive hyperbolic sine objective function. The algorithm belongs to the variable step size (VSS) class. The algorithms in this class are shown to be very stable and effective in many applications, e.g., echo-cancellation, equalization, and others. In this algorithm, as opposed to other existing VSS algorithms, only one tuning parameter is needed. Experimental results show that with a sub-optimal selection of the tuning parameter, the algorithm provides very promising results in both stationary and tracking scenarios. Analytic convergence and steady state error performance analysis are provided to demonstrate the excellent performance. Also, an optimal solution, based on the least hyperbolic sine error, is derived to confirm the convergence of the proposed algorithm towards the Wiener solution.
Fabrication of Multiphase Liquid Metal Composites Containing Gas and Solid Fillers: From Pastes to Foams (2023)

Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) are suitable for many potential applications due to their unique combination of metallic and liquid properties. However, due to their high surface tension and low viscosity, LMs are challenging to apply to substrates in useful shapes, such as dots, wires, and films. These issues are mitigated by mixing the LMs in air with other materials, such as mixing with solid particles to form LM solid pastes or mixing with gases to form LM foams. Underlying these deceivingly simple mixing processes are complex and highly intertwined microscale mechanisms. Air microbubbles are inevitably incorporated while making LM pastes, making them partly foams. On the other hand, for foaming of the LM to occur, a critical volume content of solid particles must be internalized first. Consequently, both LM pastes and foams are multiphase composites containing solid and fluid microcomponents. Here, we systematically study the impact of the mixing procedure, solid particle size, and volume fraction (SiO2) on the air content of the multiphase LM composites. We demonstrate that decreasing the particle size and increasing their volume fraction substantially decrease the composite density (i.e., increases air entrapment). The foaming process can also be enhanced with the use of high-speed mechanical mixing, although leading to the formation of a more disordered internal structure. In contrast, manual mixing with larger microparticles can promote the formation of more paste-like composites with minimal air content. We explain the microscopic mechanisms underlying these trends by correlating macroscopic measurements with cross-sectional electron microscopy of the internal structure.