gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Reduction of Ag0.48VOPO4: A Mechanistic Study Employing X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (2015)

The electrochemical reduction of Ag0.48VOPO4 • 1.9H2O is accompanied by vanadium and silver oxidation state changes, characterized with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and by structural changes, characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The XAS data suggest that the initial reduction process, involving 0 to 0.5 electron equivalents, involved primarily the reduction of vanadium cations, while most of the silver cations are reduced between 0.5 to 1.0 electron equivalents. The XRD data display significant intensity decreases of absorbances associated with the 004 and 006 planes upon electrochemical reduction, consistent with a reduction-displacement of Ag+ with insertion of Li+. Retention of intensity of the absorbance associated with the 002 plane, with only minor decrease in interlayer spacing, indicates retention of the VOPO4 sublattice structure. Uncovering the details of the discharge mechanism of bimetallic cathode materials such as Ag0.48VOPO4 should enable the design of future high current cathodes for secondary batteries displaying an enhanced current capacity based on a reduction-displacement strategy.
Large-Area MOVPE Growth of AlGaAs/GaAs Heterostructures for HEMT LSIs (1990)

We report the large-area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures for high-electron-mobility-transistor LSI applications. We used a barrel reactor with a load capacity of twelve 3-inch wafers. Wafer rotation results in ultrauniform epitaxial layers. The variations in both layer thickness and the carrier concentration of a Si-doped AlGaAs layer are less than ±1% over an entire 3-inch wafer. Wafer-to-wafer variations among the twelve wafers are ±1.1% for layer thickness and ±1.8% for the carrier concentration. The particle density on an epitaxial layer is less than 10 cm -2 .
Pillbox Organizers are Associated with Improved Adherence to HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression: a Marginal Structural Model Analysis (2007)

Pillbox organizers appear to significantly improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy and to improve virologic suppression. We estimate that pillbox organizers may be associated with a cost of approximately $19,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. Pillbox organizers should be a standard intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Boosting the activity of hydrogen release from liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems by sulfur-additives to Pt on alumina catalysts (2019)

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers represent an interesting alternative for hydrogen storage and transport. We demonstrate a method to simultaneously increase the activity of LOHC dehydrogenation catalysts and reduce side product formation.
The experimental power of FR900359 to study Gq-regulated biological processes (2015)

Despite the discovery of heterotrimeric αβγ G proteins ∼25 years ago, their selective perturbation by cell-permeable inhibitors remains a fundamental challenge. Here we report that the plant-derived depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is ideally suited to this task. Using a multifaceted approach we systematically characterize FR as a selective inhibitor of Gq/11/14 over all other mammalian Gα isoforms and elaborate its molecular mechanism of action. We also use FR to investigate whether inhibition of Gq proteins is an effective post-receptor strategy to target oncogenic signalling, using melanoma as a model system. FR suppresses many of the hallmark features that are central to the malignancy of melanoma cells, thereby providing new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Just as pertussis toxin is used extensively to probe and inhibit the signalling of Gi/o proteins, we anticipate that FR will at least be its equivalent for investigating the biological relevance of Gq.
Role of oxygen in Hf-based high-k gate stacks on Vfb shifts (2010)

We have investigated the role of oxygen in Hf-based high-k gate stacks on Vfb shift. It is clearly shown that the Vfb of the HfSiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -based high-k materials of the weak ionic oxide was almost constant irrespective of the oxidation annealing temperature. On the other hand, the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based high-k materials of the strong ionic oxide caused the positive Vfb shifts by introducing additional oxygen into high-k films. These suggest that the control of strength of ionic bond and oxygen content due to the oxygen transfer at hetero interface of ionic high-k/covalent SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is a key if it assumes that the Vfb shift occurs dominantly at high-k/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface.
References (1995)

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Cold Collision Frequency Shift of the1S-2STransition in Hydrogen (1998)

We have observed the cold collision frequency shift of the $1S$- $2S$ transition in trapped spin-polarized atomic hydrogen. We find $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1S\ensuremath{-}2S}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}n\mathrm{Hz}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, where $n$ is the sample density. From this we derive the $1S$- $2S$ $s$-wave triplet scattering length, ${a}_{1S\ensuremath{-}2S}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}1.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\mathrm{nm}$, which is in fair agreement with a recent calculation. The shift provides a valuable probe of the distribution of densities in a trapped sample.
Influence of sintering temperature and carbide additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC-Ni based cermets (2018)

This study reports on the effect of the sintering temperature and VC, Mo2C and TiC as well as the combination of Mo+VC on the densification, NbC grain growth, microstructure evolution as well as mechanical properties of novel NbC-Ni based cermets.
Poly[ n ]catenanes: Synthesis of molecular interlocked chains (2017)

As the macromolecular version of mechanically interlocked molecules, mechanically interlocked polymers are promising candidates for the creation of sophisticated molecular machines and smart soft materials. Poly[<i>n</i>]catenanes, where the molecular chains consist solely of interlocked macrocycles, contain one of the highest concentrations of topological bonds. We report, herein, a synthetic approach toward this distinctive polymer architecture in high yield (~75%) via efficient ring closing of rationally designed metallosupramolecular polymers. Light-scattering, mass spectrometric, and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of fractionated samples support assignment of the high-molar mass product (number-average molar mass ~21.4 kilograms per mole) to a mixture of linear poly[7-26]catenanes, branched poly[13-130]catenanes, and cyclic poly[4-7]catenanes. Increased hydrodynamic radius (in solution) and glass transition temperature (in bulk materials) were observed upon metallation with Zn<sup>2</sup>.
Phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 regulates its endocytosis and protein–protein interactions (2009)

The water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is essential for urine concentration. Vasopressin regulates phosphorylation of AQP2 at four conserved serine residues at the COOH-terminal tail (S256, S261, S264, and S269). We used numerous stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cell models, replacing serine residues with either alanine (A), which prevents phosphorylation, or aspartic acid (D), which mimics the charged state of phosphorylated AQP2, to address whether phosphorylation is involved in regulation of (i) apical plasma membrane abundance of AQP2, (ii) internalization of AQP2, (iii) AQP2 protein-protein interactions, and (iv) degradation of AQP2. Under control conditions, S256D- and 269D-AQP2 mutants had significantly greater apical plasma membrane abundance compared to wild type (WT)-AQP2. Activation of adenylate cyclase significantly increased the apical plasma membrane abundance of all S-A or S-D AQP2 mutants with the exception of 256D-AQP2, although 256A-, 261A-, and 269A-AQP2 mutants increased to a lesser extent than WT-AQP2. Biotin internalization assays and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the internalization of 256D- and 269D-AQP2 from the plasma membrane was slower than WT-AQP2. The slower internalization corresponded with reduced interaction of S256D- and 269D-AQP2 with several proteins involved in endocytosis, including Hsp70, Hsc70, dynamin, and clathrin heavy chain. The mutants with the slowest rate of internalization, 256D- and 269D-AQP2, had a greater protein half-life (t(1/2) = 5.1 h and t(1/2) = 4.4 h, respectively) compared to WT-AQP2 (t(1/2) = 2.9 h). Our results suggest that vasopressin-mediated membrane accumulation of AQP2 can be controlled via regulated exocytosis and endocytosis in a process that is dependent on COOH terminal phosphorylation and subsequent protein-protein interactions.
WarpLDA: a Cache Efficient O(1) Algorithm for Latent Dirichlet Allocation (2015)

Developing efficient and scalable algorithms for Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is of wide interest for many applications. Previous work has developed an O(1) Metropolis-Hastings sampling method for each token. However, the performance is far from being optimal due to random accesses to the parameter matrices and frequent cache misses. In this paper, we first carefully analyze the memory access efficiency of existing algorithms for LDA by the scope of random access, which is the size of the memory region in which random accesses fall, within a short period of time. We then develop WarpLDA, an LDA sampler which achieves both the best O(1) time complexity per token and the best O(K) scope of random access. Our empirical results in a wide range of testing conditions demonstrate that WarpLDA is consistently 5-15x faster than the state-of-the-art Metropolis-Hastings based LightLDA, and is comparable or faster than the sparsity aware F+LDA. With WarpLDA, users can learn up to one million topics from hundreds of millions of documents in a few hours, at an unprecedentedly throughput of 11G tokens per second.
Lattice Distortion at SiO2/Si(001) Interface Studied with High-Resolution Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy/Channeling (2006)

The growth-temperature dependence of the transition structure at the SiO2/Si interface is studied by high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channeling. A Si lattice distortion is found at the interface. Such distortion propagates more than 2 nm from the interface. It is shown that the SiO2/Si grown by wet oxidation at 1100 °C has a smaller lattice distortion than that grown at 900 °C. This can be explained in terms of the relaxation of the strained SiO2 network caused by the viscous flow of SiO2 at high temperatures.
The Role of University and Museum in the Cases of San'in Kaigan Geopark and Lesvos Geopark (2016)

The roles of universities and museums in relation to geoparks are discussed by comparing San'in Kaigan UNESCO Global Geopark in Japan and Lesvos UNESCO Global Geopark in Greece. Bottom-up management is a key to the success of sustainable development. It is important for local people to make decisions on regional matters. Scientists who live in the territory of a geopark are also local people and play multiple roles. They usually work for universities and museums. According to the guideline of UNESCO Geopark, education is an important issue. Geoparks need to connect people with earth science. Educational activities, however, need specific times and places to be carried out. It is essential to provide high-quality educational programs continuously for learners of all kinds in the territory of a geopark. In the case of San'in Kaigan Geopark, individual actors, including administrative officers, local geo tour guides, scientists, and curators provide geopark educational programs for learners without their own geopark educational strategy, because the education committee of San'in Kaigan Geopark discusses school education only and half of the geopark staff members are transferred every year. So, it is not easy for them to take over various tasks of the geopark. This situation in San'in Kaigan keeps learners away from high-quality and continuous education. Under this situation, scientists who work for universities play multiple roles in connecting local people with earth science and other people through multi-scale geopark networks which are of global, regional, national, and local scales, although scientists tend to be rooted and the locations of universities do not necessarily commit scientists to become engaged with the geopark. On the other hand, Lesvos Geopark is a good example. It has a rational educational strategy, develops scientific educational programs combined with geotourism, and provides opportunities for education and employment to local people at the Natural History Museum of Lesvos Petrified Forest. The same staff members at the museum take responsibility for management and education in the geopark. That is why they can develop Lesvos Geopark in a coherent manner.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Active β-Lactams, Potential Inhibitors of Pilus Assembly in Pathogenic Bacteria (2000)

[reaction: see text] Optically active beta-lactams 3 are obtained in excellent yields (up to 93%) and with complete stereoselectivity from Meldrum's acid derivatives 1 and Delta(2)-thiazolines 2. A selective reduction to aldehydes 5 (R = Ar or CH(2)Ar) was then accomplished by using DIBAL-H. This rigid framework, with stereochemistry different than that of penicillin, is designed to be a suitable scaffold for the development of compounds inhibiting pilus formation in uropathogenic Escherichia coli.
Blown Film Characterization of Binary Blends of Metallocene-Catalyzed LLDPES (2001)

We have explored the effects of blending metallocene-catalyzed linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE) of reasonably differing molecular weights on the performance and orientation characteristics of blown films. The presence of relatively longer molecules in a metallocene-catalyzed LLDPE resulted in blown films with relatively lower machine direction (MD) tear resistance, lower impact strength and higher transverse direction (TD) tear resistance. While all of the blown films investigated displayed the Keller-Machin “row” structure, the degree of orientation was observed to increase with increasing concentration of long molecules (or high molecular weight blend component). The observed influence of orientation in the crystalline and non-crystalline phases on the Elmendorf tear resistance of the blown films was observed to be consistent with previous investigations on a wide spectrum of commercial LLDPE blown films [15]. Morphological investigations of the blend films indicated the potential significance of microstructural anisotropy on blown film impact performance. This calls into question the wide-spread notion that co-monomer distribution profile is largely responsible for distinguishing the impact performance of various classes of LLDPE blown films.
Telomere and Telomerase Dynamics in Human Cells (2005)

Accumulating evidence now implicates telomeres and telomerase as critical regulators genomic stability and replicative lifespan in mammalian cells. Disruption of telomere maintenance and/or telomerase expression contributes to the etiology of some degenerative diseases and may participate in the process of aging. Although telomere dysfunction and aberrant telomerase expression clearly play important roles in cancer development, the contribution of telomere biology to cancer is complex and involves both positive and negative influences on tumor development. Indeed, recent work from several laboratories suggests additional roles for telomeres and telomerase in both normal and malignant physiology. Understanding the complexity of telomere biology will provide further insights into chromosome biology in both normal and malignant cells.
Probing the Hydrogen Enhanced Near-Field Emission of ITO without a Vacuum-Gap (2017)

Electromagnetic fields produced by thermal fluctuation can excite the near-field optical states, creating the potential for thermal radiation orders of magnitude greater than what is predicted by Plank's blackbody theory. The typical schemes employed to probe the trapped electromagnetic energy of the near-field are with considerable technical challenges, suffering from scalability and high costs, hindering widespread use. A waveguide-based scheme relying on photon tunneling is presented as an alternate approach, as waveguides inherently provide a large density of channels for photons to tunnel to with the required k-vector matching and probability density overlap. The conducted experiments with a 10 nm indium tin oxide film, having plasmonic resonance in the 1500 nm wavelength range, show that the near-field EM radiation can be extracted to the far-field by establishing the mode of de-excitation to be that of photon tunneling to a nearby waveguide. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the thermally emitted energy is very sensitive to changes in the surface free electron density, a property that is unique to the near-field. In addition to the ease of implementation and scalability, the proposed waveguide-based extraction method does not require a vacuum-gap, which is a significant reduction in the required complexity.
Mutational Analysis of Conserved Amino Acids in the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein (2009)

The nucleoprotein (NP), which has multiple functions during the virus life cycle, possesses regions that are highly conserved among influenza A, B, and C viruses. To better understand the roles of highly conserved NP amino acids in viral replication, we conducted a comprehensive mutational analysis. Using reverse genetics, we attempted to generate 74 viruses possessing mutations at conserved amino acids of NP. Of these, 48 mutant viruses were successfully rescued; 26 mutants were not viable, suggesting a critical role of the respective NP amino acids in viral replication. To identify the step(s) in the viral life cycle that is impaired by these NP mutations, we examined viral-genome replication/transcription, NP localization, and incorporation of viral-RNA segments into progeny virions. We identified 15 amino acid substitutions in NP that inhibited viral-genome replication and/or transcription, resulting in significant growth defects of viruses possessing these substitutions. We also found several NP mutations that affected the efficient incorporation of multiple viral-RNA (vRNA) segments into progeny virions even though a single vRNA segment was incorporated efficiently. The respective conserved amino acids in NP may thus be critical for the assembly and/or incorporation of sets of eight vRNA segments.
Compact supercavity systems with optimized excitation of quasi-BIC resonators (Conference Presentation) (2022)

Significant miniaturization of high-Q supercavity systems with planar technology requires novel coupling structures that excite the desired set of resonant modes. We review the physics of bound states in the continuum (BICs) of open, high-index dielectric resonators, excited by new complex sources that enable a controlled interference in the system. We show that, in avoided-crossing regimes associated with quasi-BICs, the controlled retardation of inducing currents can bring up the Q-factors beyond the state-of-the-art levels in optimized, fully-symmetric systems. We illustrate our theory with proof-of-concept experiments in microwaves, comparing high-index dielectric resonators excited by microstrip structures with different mode complexity.
Spherical rubidium vapor cells fabricated by micro glass blowing (2007)

This paper presents an application of micro glass blowing, in which multiple glass spheres are simultaneously shaped on top of a silicon wafer and subsequently filled with rubidium. The fabrication process is based on etching cavities in silicon, followed by anodic bonding of a thin glass wafer to the etched silicon wafer. The bonded wafers are then heated inside a furnace at a temperature above the softening point of the glass, and due to expansion of the heated trapped gas in the cavities, the glass is blown into three-dimensional spherical cells. Microscopic alkali vapor cells are achieved by evaporation of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">87</sup> Rb through a small glass nozzle into the cell cavities. The cells are then sealed by anodic bonding. The results of the cell fabrication and characterization are presented.
Nanotechnology-Based Solution for Offshore Zinc Removal Water Treatment Technology (2017)

Abstract This paper discusses the synthesis of hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nitride (CNx) membranes for applications in flowback water filtration processes. Due to their intriguing properties, these nanocomposites may be a suitable replacement for conventional membranes found in spiral-wound filter cartridges. The membranes presented here offer a dual-filtration mechanism because nano-sized particulates are filtered out by the porous, high-surface area CNT membrane while charged ions are removed via the CNx particles. This membrane has also demonstrated a unique ability to bind to, and subsequently filter out, divalent ions such as zinc—a common component of completion fluid. In addition, the inherent physical properties of CNTs, such nanocomposites, offer enhanced chemical corrosion resistance and anti-fouling properties.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE CHEMIE DES AETHYLENIMINS 7. MITT. DIE BESTAENDIGKEIT DER PYRAMIDALEN STRUKTUR BEI N‐AMINOAETHYLENIMINDERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Das aus Propylenoxid (I) und Hydrazinhydrat (II) darstellbare Hydrazinopropanol (III) ergibt bei der Umsetzung mit 50%iger Schwefelsäure ein inneres Salz (IV), das bei der Behandlung mit siedender 30%iger Natronlauge zu dem Aminoäthylenimin (V) cyclisiert.