gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attosecond Metrology Comes of Age (2004)

Atoms exposed to a few oscillation cycles of intense visible or near-infrared light are able to emit a single x-ray burst of sub-femtosecond duration (1 fs = 10<sup>-15</sup> s). Precise temporal control of this energetic photon emission can be achieved by full control of the hyperfast field oscillations in the laser pulses driving the emission process. Sub-femtosecond x-ray pulses along with intense, synchronized, waveform-controlled few-cycle laser pulses led to the development of a new measuring apparatus, which has been dubbed a light-field-controlled streak camera. It measures the time-momentum distribution of electrons ejected from atoms following an impulsive excitation by a sub-femtosecond x-ray pulse. From the time-momentum distribution of ejected primary (photo) and secondary (Auger) electrons the excitation dynamics (i.e. characteristics of the exciting x-ray pulse) and the subsequent relaxation of the electron shell of the excited atom, respectively, can be inferred, currently with a resolution of ∼100 attoseconds (1 as = 10<sup>-18</sup> s). The techniques reviewed in this paper offer the potential for advancing time-domain metrology towards the atomic unit of time (24 as). © Physica Scripta 2004.
Risk factors for pancreatitis after pancreatic sphincterotomy: a review of 572 cases (2006)

This large series of patients undergoing endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy provides further evidence that both patient characteristics and technical factors modify the risk profile for post-ERCP pancreatitis. In addition to providing further definition of which patients are at risk, it also suggests that pancreatic duct drainage is an independently significant protective maneuver.
Leveraging temporal dynamics of document content in relevance ranking (2010)

Many web documents are dynamic, with content changing in varying amounts at varying frequencies. However, current document search algorithms have a static view of the document content, with only a single version of the document in the index at any point in time. In this paper, we present the first published analysis of using the temporal dynamics of document content to improve relevance ranking. We show that there is a strong relationship between the amount and frequency of content change and relevance. We develop a novel probabilistic document ranking algorithm that allows differential weighting of terms based on their temporal characteristics. By leveraging such content dynamics we show significant performance improvements for navigational queries.
Continuing Evolution of Burkholderia mallei Through Genome Reduction and Large-Scale Rearrangements (2010)

Burkholderia mallei (Bm), the causative agent of the predominately equine disease glanders, is a genetically uniform species that is very closely related to the much more diverse species Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), an opportunistic human pathogen and the primary cause of melioidosis. To gain insight into the relative lack of genetic diversity within Bm, we performed whole-genome comparative analysis of seven Bm strains and contrasted these with eight Bp strains. The Bm core genome (shared by all seven strains) is smaller in size than that of Bp, but the inverse is true for the variable gene sets that are distributed across strains. Interestingly, the biological roles of the Bm variable gene sets are much more homogeneous than those of Bp. The Bm variable genes are found mostly in contiguous regions flanked by insertion sequence (IS) elements, which appear to mediate excision and subsequent elimination of groups of genes that are under reduced selection in the mammalian host. The analysis suggests that the Bm genome continues to evolve through random IS-mediated recombination events, and differences in gene content may contribute to differences in virulence observed among Bm strains. The results are consistent with the view that Bm recently evolved from a single strain of Bp upon introduction into an animal host followed by expansion of IS elements, prophage elimination, and genome rearrangements and reduction mediated by homologous recombination across IS elements.
Scaleable, wireless Web enabled sensor networks (2003)

Our goal was to develop a long life, low cost, scalable wireless sensing network, which collects and distributes data from a wide variety of sensors over the Internet Time division multiple access was employed with low-power RF transmitter nodes to communicate digital data to a receiver (range 1/3 mile). Data from this remote receiver is relayed via 802.11b to a central information gateway (range 1-2 miles). Multiple receivers can be linked to this gateway, resulting in an easily-addressed, hierarchical spoke-and-hub network topology. This system presents an attractive, inexpensive solution for deploying thousands of sensors with a coverage area up to 10 square miles.
Universally Composable Security Analysis of OAuth v2.0. (2011)

This paper defines an ideal functionality for delegation of web access to a third-party where the authentication mechanism is password-based. We give a universally-composable (UC) realization of this ideal functionality assuming the availability of an SSL-like ideal functionality. We also show that this implementation can be further refined to give a browser based implementation whenever the browser supports https redirection. This implementation matches the ’Authorization Code’ mode of the OAuth Version 2.0 Internet draft proposal, with the additional requirement that the third-party along with the Authorization Server must support an SSL-like functionality. From the universally-composable perspective, our ideal functionality definition is novel in the respect that it does not require the three parties to decide on a session identifier in advance, which is usually assumed in a UC setting. This allows us to realize the ideal functionality without any wrapper code, and thus exactly matching the desired protocol in the OAuth standard.
Potential biomedical applications of non-dissipative acoustic radiation force (2016)

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) has been used for many medical applications, the most notable of which is measuring the stiffness of soft tissues. The ARF used in these applications results from the dissipation of acoustic energy due to scattering and absorption of sound and accordingly may be called dissipative ARF. Another source of ARF, which is not related to dissipation of acoustic energy in medium, is variation in acoustic energy density due to gradients of compressional wave speeds in the medium. The effects of this non-dissipative ARF (nARF) are most pronounced in sonication of medium by short ultrasonic pulses with duration on the order of microseconds. Experiments with tissue-mimicking gelatin blocks and various excised animal tissues demonstrated the possibility of measuring sub-nanometer range displacements induced by nARF acting on interfaces in materials with different compressional wave speeds. A continuous wave Doppler device was used to measure the interface particles velocity. Demonstrated possibility of using Doppler signal processing to extract the nanometer-order motion induced by the nARF could open new areas for ultrasound imaging and tissue characterization. The creation of multi-parametric images of soft tissue using nARF for obtaining maps of the compressional wave speed and shear modulus is considered.
A novel, easy to use Emulator for deterministic generation of pure first and second order PMD (2007)

A novel emulator model enables deterministic generation of first and second order PMD without higher orders. It was used to determine PMD tolerance of different modulation formats, revealing substantial differences in PCD and DEP tolerance.
Impaired Alcohol Metabolism after Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Case-Crossover Trial (2010)

This is the first study to match preoperative and postoperative alcohol metabolism in gastric bypass patients. Post-RYGB patients have much higher peak BAC after ingesting alcohol and require more time to become sober. Patients who drink alcohol after gastric bypass surgery should exercise caution.
Proving the potential; monitoring Sleipner-CO2 plume with mini-streamers (2023)

Summary Results from an offshore field trial using Extended High Resolution (XHR) short streamers are presented in this paper. 3D XHR data acquired over the CO2 storage site at the Sleipner East field in the North Sea are compared with conventional streamer seismic and previously acquired 2D XHR tests. Results show that 3D XHR images the CO2-plume well, provides better resolution than conventional towed streamer data in the shallow overburden (100–300ms), and shows improved data quality when compared to previously acquired 2D XHR tests. Based on the repeat tests at the Sleipner CO2 site we find that the 3D XHR technology has great potential as a CO2 monitoring tool.
Implicit Large Eddy Simulation of transition to turbulence at low Reynolds numbers using a Discontinuous Galerkin method (2010)

Abstract The present work predicts the formation of laminar separation bubbles at low Reynolds numbers and the related transition to turbulence by means of Implicit Large Eddy Simulations with a high‐order Discontinuous Galerkin method. The flow around an SD7003 infinite wing at an angle of attack of 4° is considered at Reynolds numbers of 10 000, 22 000, and 60 000 in order to gain insight into the characteristics of the laminar and turbulent regimes. At the lowest Reynolds number studied, the flow remains laminar and two dimensional over the wing surface, with a periodic vortex shedding. For higher Reynolds numbers, the flow is unsteady over the upper wing surface and exhibits a separation bubble along which the flow transitions to turbulence. Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves are observed in the boundary layer, and transition is found to be caused by unstable TS modes as revealed by the growth of the stream‐wise amplification factor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Alaska road weather project : technical performance assessment report Fairbanks field demonstration 2013-2014. (2014)

INE/AUTC 15.01
Molecular stacking in epitaxial crystals of oxometal phthalocyanines (1997)

Molecular stacking structures in epitaxial crystals of oxotitanium and oxovanadium phthalocyanines (TiOPc and VOPc) prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), respectively, onto the (001) face of a KBr substrate were investigated by means of x-ray and electron diffraction studies. In thin epitaxial film of VOPc deposited by MBE at a substrate temperature of 20 °C, the flat-lying molecules oriented in the (3×3) commensurate square lattice (a=1.40 nm) were alternately stacked with body-centered head-to-head and a/4-slipped face-to-face dimeric bilayers. The crystal structure determined was the triclinic space group P1̄ with a=b=1.40, c=1.06 nm, α=109.2, β=133.9, γ=90.0°, Z=2. When TiOPc was thickly deposited by PVD at a substrate temperature of 200 °C, islandlike crystals epitaxially grew in a truncated pyramidal morphology and assumed the same orientation. In the pyramidal crystals the thick molecular layer stacking separate from the KBr surface was relaxed and had a square lattice with a shorter constant (a=1.33 nm). The three-dimensional stacking structure explained the observed grain boundary formation and asymmetric pyramidal morphology.
Output-only observer/Kalman filter identification (O3KID) (2014)

This paper presents output-only observer/Kalman filter identification (O3KID), an effective method for the identification of the dynamic model of a structure and its underlying modal parameters using only output time histories measured on the field. The method is suitable for structural health monitoring based on modal parameters, in particular, for those civil infrastructures whose excitation is random in nature and in the way that it is applied to the structure (e.g., wind and traffic) and therefore is difficult to measure. O3KID is based on a linear-time-invariant state-space model and is derived from an established and successful approach for input–output system identification, known as observer/Kalman filter identification. The paper rigorously proves the applicability of the approach to the output-only case, presents the resulting new algorithms, and demonstrates them via examples on both numerical and experimental data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of individually measured vs population‐based C ‐peptide kinetics to assess β‐cell function in the presence and absence of acute insulin resistance (2017)

These data support the use of population-based measures of C-peptide kinetics to estimate β-cell function during an OGTT.
Chemical Processing of Materials on Silicon: More Functionality, Smaller Features, and Larger Wafers (2012)

The invention of the transistor followed by more than 60 years of aggressive device scaling and process integration has enabled the global information web and subsequently transformed how people communicate and interact. The principles and practices built upon chemical processing of materials on silicon have been widely adapted and applied to other equally important areas, such as microfluidic systems for chemical and biological analysis and microscale energy storage solutions. The challenge of continuing these technological advances hinges on further improving the performance of individual devices and their interconnectivity while making the manufacturing processes economical, which is dictated by the materials' innate functionality and how they are chemically processed. In this review, we highlight challenges in scaling up the silicon wafers and scaling down the individual devices as well as focus on needs and challenges in the synthesis and integration of multifunctional materials.
Small molecule fusion compounds for the optimization of MASPIT, a high throughput three-hybrid target deconvolution assay (2015)

Methods that allow high throughput identification of cellular targets of bioactive small molecules are invaluable assets in pharmaceutical research. They are useful in mechanism of action studies of hits identified via phenotypic screening. Alternatively, they may uncover ‘off-target’ proteins of established drugs, that may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy or unwanted side effects (polypharmacology). Finally, such methods also allow to identify potential novel therapeutic applications of existing drugs within the scope of drug repositioning projects.
Clinical characteristics and topography of lesions in movement disorders due to thalamic lesions (2001)

Movement disorders related to thalamic lesions included: 1) myoclonic dystonia with predominating myoclonus and "thalamic" hand associating dystonic posture and slow, pseudo-athetoid movements, both related to lesions in the Vim and Vc nuclei of the thalamus; and 2) postural and action tremor, also related to lesions in the Vim, similar to tremor associated with midbrain lesions, as a result of abnormal functioning of the cerebello-thalamic pathways.
Mitogens stimulate the rapid nuclear to cytosolic translocation of tristetraprolin, a potential zinc-finger transcription factor. (1996)

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is the prototype of a group of potential transcription factors that contain two or more unusual CCCH zinc fingers. TTP is encoded by the immediate-early response gene Zfp-36, which is rapidly induced in fibroblasts in response to insulin and other growth factors. Indirect evidence suggests that TTP might function as an inhibitory transcription factor. The present studies evaluated the effect of mitogens on the subcellular localization of TTP using Western blotting of cellular nuclear and cytosolic fractions. In NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts that constitutively express TTP, 70% of the protein was located in the nucleus of quiescent, serum-deprived cells. Immunoreactive TTP began to increase in the cytosolic compartment within 1 min of serum stimulation of the cells; this increase in cytosolic protein was essentially complete within 5 min of serum stimulation (81% of total) and was accompanied by a commensurate decrease in nuclear TTP. This translocation was complete well before the increase in TTP synthesis that occurred after serum stimulation. Similar experiments in cells expressing a mutant TTP, in which the major mitogen-activated protein kinase site (serine 220) had been mutated to alanine, revealed normal nuclear to cytosolic translocation after serum stimulation, indicating that phosphorylation of this site is not necessary for this translocation to occur. These results suggest that TTP is rapidly modified in response to mitogens so that it is rapidly released from the nucleus to the cytosol, or that proteins retaining TTP in the nucleus are modified to release it into the cytosol. Thus, TTP's proposed function as a transcription factor, possibly an inhibitory one, may be regulated in cells in part by a novel mechanism, i.e. that of rapid, mitogen-stimulated translocation out of the cellular nucleus.
Microbubble -Enhanced FUS for more Efficient Therapy for Uterine Fibroids (2018)

The goal of this research project will be to incorporate microbubbles intravascularly in conjunction with focused ultrasound (FUS) to decrease the time of FUS therapy of uterine fibroids. We believe that we can significantly reduce treatment times while also decreasing the mechanical energy required for tissue ablation. In addition, the use of microbubbles should provide for more precise tissue ablation of the fibroid such that viable tissue along the fibroid margins will be spared.
Measurement and visualization of three-dimensional directivity pattern (2005)

In order to optimize a new second-order multimicrophone technology for a KEMAR dummy head, a three-dimensional directivity measurement setup was developed. To minimize mechanical mass and to reduce total measurement time a C-Bow setup was used, containing 18 calibrated loudspeakers. Those small tweeters identical in construction are placed in every 10 deg of elevation in a semicircular arc of 2-m diameter. The only moving part of this setup is a full-circle rotating KEMAR. The ANSI Standard 3.35 for directional measurement is fully supported and the required 48 measuring points are completed in less than 3 min. Using this fast and simple setup, the various responses attained from different latitudes need to be weighted to calculate a three-dimensional directivity value. Utilizing an equally distributed number, for example 400 measuring points easily executable with this setup, weighting can be omitted and a three-dimensional plot with high resolution can be visualized. Additionally, two-dimensional cuts of different planes in horizontal, vertical, and sagittal direction can be displayed. Data of unaided KEMAR, as well as data from the hearing aid used during those measurements, are presented and discussed.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: An Update (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Apr 2005Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: An Update Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000155177.75597.66AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: An Update." The Journal of Urology, 173(4), p. 1199 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4April 2005Page: 1199 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Supplementary Figure 1 from First Evidence of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase Protein Expression and Activity Downregulation in Human Neoplasm: Implication for Resistance to Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 129K, PC-3 overexpressing-SPL cell lines exhibit a lower rate of cell viability associated with enhanced basal apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;
Towards multiband optical systems (2018)

Multiband transmission is a valid option to significantly increase fiber capacity and efficiently utilize the available and deployed optical fiber infrastructure. In this contribution, we evaluate its challenges and possible implementation.
Soft Devices for High-Resolution Neuro-Stimulation: The Interplay Between Low-Rigidity and Resolution (2021)

The field of neurostimulation has evolved over the last few decades from a crude, low-resolution approach to a highly sophisticated methodology entailing the use of state-of-the-art technologies. Neurostimulation has been tested for a growing number of neurological applications, demonstrating great promise and attracting growing attention in both academia and industry. Despite tremendous progress, long-term stability of the implants, their large dimensions, their rigidity and the methods of their introduction and anchoring to sensitive neural tissue remain challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise introduction to the field of high-resolution neurostimulation from a technological perspective and to focus on opportunities stemming from developments in materials sciences and engineering to reduce device rigidity while optimizing electrode small dimensions. We discuss how these factors may contribute to smaller, lighter, softer and higher electrode density devices.
DISTRIBUTED DETECTION SYSTEMS WITH PROCESSOR FAULTS (1988)

We examine the performance of signal detectors when processors may have faults. The fault-tolerance of two systems, the redundant system and the distributed fusion network, are examined. The optimal fault-tolerant design for each system is presented. The performance of the faulttolerant systems is compared to the faulty simplex processor. In the absence of processor failures, the redundant system is identical to the simplex processor. However, when failures occur, the redundant system performs better than the simplex processor. The fault-free fusion network does not perform as well as the fault-free simplex processor. However, in the cases examined, when failures occur in systems with many (N > 12) channels, the fusion network performs better than the simplex processor.
Single-mode fiber-optic catheter/endoscope for optical coherence tomography (1996)

Summary form only given. In order to apply OCT for imaging of internal organ systems, a flexible, small diameter, catheter/endoscope, which is capable of delivering, focusing, scanning, and collecting a single-spatial-mode optical beam, must be constructed. In this summary, we describe the design and performance of a prototype single-mode fiber-optic scanning OCT catheter with a diameter of 1 mm. OCT imaging may be performed at 1.3-micron wavelengths using either a superluminescent laser diode source or a Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser, which provides high powers for high-speed imaging. This device is an enabling technology for OCT and will permit micron scale, cross-sectional medical diagnostic imaging in tissues such as the vascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, the urinary tract, and the respiratory tract.
Bilateral Control Using Master/Slave Simulator for Haptic Communication (2010)

A bilateral controller is used to transmit and share haptic information between a master system and a slave system. In a transmission system, the bilateral controller encounters problems in the event of data packet loss and/or disconnections. In this study, a master/slave simulator and environmental data memory are used to solve the problems. In the case of normal operation, the environmental data memory stores force data in a remote side. The control system is operated by the environmental data memory and master/slave simulator when the communication lines are disconnected.