gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoupling orientation specificity from perceptual learning in amblyopic vision (2012)

Perceptual learning (PL) has been shown to improve many visual functions in amblyopes, but this learning is often specific to the trained orientation, possibly implying neural plasticity in the amblyopic early visual cortex. However, orientation specificity in normal vision can be decoupled from PL with a training-plus-exposure (TPE) technique (Zhang et al., JNS2010). Specifically, PL transfers to an untrained orthogonal orientation when training is accompanied by additional exposure of the transfer orientation when an irrelevant task is performed. The transfer suggests PL occurs in higher brain areas. Here we used the TPE technique in adults with amblyopia to investigate whether PL reflects V1 plasticity or improved high-level decision making in the amblyopic brain. Eighteen adult amblyopes participated. Similar to normal vision we found: (1) PL of contrast discrimination in the fovea of amblyopic eyes (AEs) did not transfer to an orthogonal orientation. However, AEs were then exposed to the orthogonal transfer orientation through irrelevant orientation discrimination training at the transfer orientation, which enabled contrast learning to transfer to the orthogonal orientation. (2) We found similar transfer in the AEs after the non-amblyopic eyes (NAEs) were exposed. (3) Orientation specificity in Vernier and orientation learning was also eliminated by exposure of the transfer orientation in AEs or NAEs through irrelevant orientation or contrast training. (4) Surprisingly, orientation specificity in NAE Vernier learning was eliminated after AEs were exposed to the orthogonal transfer orientation, indicating that the AE can teach the NAE. TPE enabled learning transfer across orientations suggests that perceptual learning in amblyopic vision may not reflect plasticity in local circuits in the amblyopic early visual cortex. Rather it may result from improved readout of noisy stimulus inputs at the decision stage that, at least in part, compensates for the functional deficits in the amblyopic visual system. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
Supplemental Figure S1 from <sup>18</sup>F-FAZA PET Imaging Response Tracks the Reoxygenation of Tumors in Mice upon Treatment with the Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor BAY 87-2243 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1. Graph showing no effect of BAY 87-2243 on weight of nude mice carrying either H460 or PC3 tumor xenografts. Similar results for mice with 786-O xenografts (data not shown).&lt;/p&gt;
[A Familial Non Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (FNMTC) : a clinical and genetic update]. (2016)

The syndrome of Familial Non Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (FNMTC) includes two or more patients with an isolated non-medullary thyroid cancer (papillary, follicular, anaplastic) within the same family. To diagnose FNMTC, the clinician must exclude a syndromic presentation such as the syndromes of Cowden, Gardner or Werner, and the Carney Complex. Up to now, a hundred families with FNMTC have been genetically studied, including forms with (Ch19p13.2) or without oxyphilia (Ch2q21), in association with a multinodular goiter (Ch14q32), or with a renal cancer (Ch1q21). Several candidate genes of susceptibility have been proposed: SRGAP1, NKX2-1, FOXE1 and HABP2. So far, it is considered that familial cases represent less than 5 % of thyroid cancers. Although rare, these cases represent a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of thyroid cancer. The identification of candidate genes will enrich our knowledge of thyroid cancer pathophysiology. Based on the literature and our experience of the follow-up of eight families with FNMTC, we discuss epidemiological, clinical, pathological and genetic aspects of FNMTC with a view to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Cost Comparison of Different TSV Implementation Options (2016)

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are one of the fundamental technologies that enable vertical stacking of active dies. In this paper the integration cost of TSVs is investigated for different integration options: TSV middle and TSV last processing. Each processing step in the TSV integration flows is analyzed and the impact of processing options on cost is evaluated. Different TSV geometries are also considered that introduce challenges in the processing and require different implementation approaches. Furthermore, the TSV scaling trends are also investigated and the implementation of TSV structures with tighter pitch while controlling the integration cost is demonstrated.
Supplementary Table 1 and Fig 1-8 including legends from Platelet-Specific PDGFB Ablation Impairs Tumor Vessel Integrity and Promotes Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 and Fig 1-8 including legends. Table S1: Observed and expected numbers of Pf4-Cre;Pdgfbfl/fl embryos at different developmental stages. Figure S1: Platelet-specific PDGFB knockout embryos display no obvious abnormalities. Figure S2: Platelet counts and proportion in peripheral blood from WT and pl-PDGFB KO mice. Figure S3: Generation of RIP1-Tag2 mice lacking PDGFB in platelets. Figure S4: Lack of platelet PDGFB does not affect the angiogenic switch or tumor growth in RT2 mice. Figure S5: Tumor vessels in MC38 colon carcinoma in mice with platelet-specific PDGFB ablation have impaired function and decreased pericyte coverage. Figure S6: Increased spontaneous lung metastasis in mice with platelet-specific PDGFB ablation in the HCmel12 melanoma model. Figure S7: Reduced pericyte coverage already in pre-tumorigenic tissue in mice lacking PDGFB in platelets. Figure S8: Expression of Cxcl3, Cxcl5, Cxcl7 and Cxcl15 in tumor tissue from Pf4-Cre- and Pf4-Cre+ mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana triggers humoral response with virus‐neutralizing activity in vaccinated mice (2021)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a leading cause of liver-related pathologies and a global health problem, currently affecting more than 71 million people worldwide. The development of a prophylactic vaccine is much needed to complement the effective antiviral treatment available and achieve HCV eradication. Current strategies focus on increasing the immunogenicity of the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies, by testing various expression systems or manipulating the protein conformation and the N-glycosylation pattern. Here we report the first evidence of successful production of the full-length HCV E2 glycoprotein in Nicotiana benthamiana, by using the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression technology. Molecular and functional analysis showed that the viral protein was correctly processed in plant cells and achieved the native folding required for binding to CD81, one of the HCV receptors. N-glycan analysis of HCV-E2 produced in N. benthamiana and mammalian cells indicated host-specific trimming of mannose residues and possibly, protein trafficking. Notably, the plant-derived viral antigen triggered a significant immune response in vaccinated mice, characterized by the presence of antibodies with HCV-neutralizing activity. Together, our study demonstrates that N. benthamiana is a viable alternative to costly mammalian cell cultures for the expression of complex viral antigens and supports the use of plants as cost-effective production platforms for the development of HCV vaccines.
Supplementary Table 2 from Clinical Significance of the Genetic Landscape of Pancreatic Cancer and Implications for Identification of Potential Long-term Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 94K, Complete sequencing and IHC data for all 79 Patients&lt;/p&gt;
Tokamak burn extension by radial electric field control (1980)

This study considers a TFTR-sized plasma operating on a long cycle. The temperature profile is fixed in time, and the plasma is not refuelled. In order to isolate the electric field effects, this last condition is extended to prohibit the electric field at the plasma edge from returning more fuel to the plasma than gradient-driven forces expel.
Joint Drone Association and Content Placement in Cache-Enabled Internet of Drones (2019)

Internet of drones (IoD), employing drones as the internet of things (IoT) devices, brings flexibility to IoT networks and has been used to provision several applications (e.g., object tracking and traffic surveillance). The explosive growth of users and IoD applications injects massive traffic into IoD networks, hence causing congestions and reducing the quality of service (QoS). In order to improve the QoS, caching at IoD gateways is a promising solution which stores popular IoD data and sends them directly to the users instead of activating drones to transmit the data; this reduces the traffic in IoD networks. In order to fully utilize the storage-limited caches, appropriate content placement decisions should be made to determine which data should be cached. On the other hand, appropriate drone association strategies, which determine the serving IoD gateway for each drone, help distribute the network traffic properly and hence improve the QoS. In our work, we consider a joint optimization of drone association and content placement problem aimed at maximizing the average data transfer rate. This problem is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We then design the Drone Association and Content Placement (DACP) algorithm to solve this problem with low computational complexity. Extensive simulations demonstrate the performance of DACP.
Substituent Effects on Aryltrifluoroborate Solvolysis in Water: Implications for Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling and the Design of Stable 18F-Labeled Aryltrifluoroborates for Use in PET Imaging (2008)

Whereas electron withdrawing substituents retard the rate of aryltrifluoroborate solvolysis, electron-donating groups enhance it. Herein is presented a Hammett analysis of the solvolytic lability of aryltrifluoroborates where log(k(solv)) values correlate to sigma values with a rho value of approximately -1. This work provides a predictable rubric for tuning the reactivity of boron for several uses including (18)F-labeled PET reagents and has mechanistic implications for ArBF(3)-enhanced ligandless metal-mediated cross coupling reactions with aryltrifluoroborates.
Analysis of Power Losses and Wake Entropy Production for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles (2006)

We examine the governing relationships between forces experienced by a vehicle, vehicle power usage, losses and entropy production. Vehicle wake losses (like losses associated with the vehicle itself) are shown to be directly related to lost force power increments on the vehicle. Conventional exergy (or availability) methodology without explicit consideration of the wake and, specifically, without consideration of vehicle flow-field/wake entropy relationships, is shown to be problematic for accurate assessment of losses. The methodology is then re-formulated with explicit consideration of the vehicle/wake entropy relationship. Lost power increments are derived, hence allowing the detailed analysis/auditing of vehicle performance. This methodology is rigorously related throughout its entire development to the concept of wake entropy production and the important impact of vehicle entropy production and characteristics on the wake entropy production. The fundamental thermodynamic linkages and relationships between force, entropy, and power for an individual streamtube are examined. These analytical results are then expanded to entire flow-fields characteristic of vehicles in flight (multiple streamtubes in and over vehicle surfaces and downstream wake equilibration of those streamtubes) in order to unify explicit force-based methodology and the entropy method. The ongoing research represented by this and previous work should ultimately enable the integration of all vehicle subsystems (not just aerodynamic and propulsive subsystems) using a synergistic currency for analysis, design, and, ultimately, optimization of aerospace vehicles.
Using Decision Problems in Public Key Cryptography (2008)

In this chapter, we suggest using decision problems from combinatorial group theory as the core of a public key establishment protocol or a public key cryptosystem. Decision problems are problems of the following nature: given a property \( \mathcal{P} \) and and object \( \mathcal{O} \), find out whether or not the object \( \mathcal{O} \) has the property \( \mathcal{P} \). Decision problems may allow us to address (to some extent) the following challenge of public key cryptography: to design a cryptosystem that would be secure against (at least, some) “brute force” attacks by an adversary with essentially unlimited computational capabilities.
Study of High Load Operation Limit Expansion for Gasoline Compression Ignition Engines (2003)

In this research, combustion characteristics of gasoline compression ignition engines have been analyzed numerically and experimentally with the aim of expanding the high load operation limit. The mechanism limiting high load operation under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion was clarified. It was confirmed that retarding the combustion timing from top dead center (TDC) is an effective way to prevent knocking. However, with retarded combustion, combustion timing is substantially influenced by cycle-to-cycle variation of in-cylinder conditions. Therefore, an ignition timing control method is required to achieve stable retarded combustion. Using numerical analysis, it was found that ignition timing control could be achieved by creating a fuel-rich zone at the center of the cylinder. The fuel-rich zone works as an ignition source to ignite the surrounding fuel-lean zone. In this way, combustion consists of two separate auto-ignitions and is thus called two-step combustion. In the simulation, the high load operation limit was expanded using two-step combustion. An engine system identical to a direct-injection gasoline (DIG) engine was then used to demonstrate two-step combustion experimentally. An air-fuel distribution was created by splitting fuel injection into first and second injections. The spark plug was used to ignite the first combustion. This combustion process might better be called spark-ignited compression ignition combustion (SI-CI combustion). Using the spark plug, stable two-step combustion was achieved, thereby demonstrating a means of expanding the operation limit of gasoline compression ignition engines toward a higher load range.
THEPHOTOPHYSICS OFSILVERHALIDEIMAGINGMATERIALS (1999)

Experimental and computational studies of photophysical processes in silver halide imaging materials are presented. Recent investigations that have refined our understanding of carrier recombination paths, exciton behavior, quantum confinement effects, and the structure and function of small surface silver clusters are detailed. The theory and mechanism of electron and hole injection from photoexcited surface-adsorbed dye molecules are outlined. The carrier trapping properties and subsequent photophysics of transition-metal dopant complexes are presented. Particular emphasis is given to the role of relaxation processes in electron and hole trapping events.
An intelligent interface for integrating climate, hydrology, agriculture, and socioeconomic models (2019)

Understanding the interactions between natural processes and human activities poses major challenges as it requires the integration of models and data across disparate disciplines. It typically takes many months and even years to create valid end-to-end simulations as different models need to be configured in consistent ways and generate data that is usable by other models. MINT is a novel framework for model integration that captures extensive knowledge about models and data and aims to automatically compose them together. MINT guides a user to pose a well-formed modeling question, select and configure appropriate models, find and prepare appropriate datasets, compose data and models into end-to-end workflows, run the simulations, and visualize the results. MINT currently includes hydrology, agriculture, and socioeconomic models.
Optical Frequency Combs for Space Applications (2016)

Optical frequency comb-based high resolution laser spectroscopy has been demonstrated in space under micro-gravity on two sounding rocket based experiments. The comb has been used to simultaneously measure two different atomic transitions.
A miniaturization technique of a compact omnidirectional antenna (2009)

This paper discusses a miniaturization technique of a compact omnidirectional antenna. A slot loading technique is applied to a well-known low-profile antenna structure whose radiation characteristics are similar to equivalent monopole ones. An equivalent circuit which models the antenna input impedance including the slot effect is also developed in order to illustrate the antenna working principle. The typical dimensions (width x height) of the obtained antenna are &#955;0/11 x &#955;0/75 (&#955;0 is the free space operating wavelength) which makes it a miniature antenna that can be integrated inside small wireless sensor nodes using narrow band communication systems. Its performances are in accordance with classical fundamental limits, the operating bandwidth and efficiency are significantly reduced with the antenna size reduction.
Formation of Two-Dimensional Mixed Crystals on Graphite Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1996)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful tool for observing organic molecules in real space. In this study, five similar ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) materials (four unsaturated isomers and the saturated parent) adsorbed on graphite were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy as neat compounds and as mixtures. The unit cells of adsorbed monolayers formed by the mixtures showed distinct differences from the unit cells of the pure compounds, suggesting that mixed monolayers were formed. The saturated compound formed two structures having different unit cells, and it appeared that the difference in energies was very small. Changing the location of the double bond had no observable effect on the adsorbed monolayers, and the isolated double bonds were not observed.
Revisiting Brain Atrophy and Its Relationship to Disability in Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

The GM is atrophic in MS. Although lower WM volume is associated with greater disability, as might be expected, WM volume was on average in the normal range. This paradoxical result might be explained by the presence of coexisting pathological processes, such as tissue damage and repair, that cause both atrophy and hypertrophy and that underlie the observed disability.
‘‘TITAM’’ thermionic integrated transient analysis model: Load-following of a single-cell TFE (1992)

TITAM, a dynamic model that simulates transient and steady‐state operation of a fully integrated single‐cell thermionic fuel element (TFE), has been developed. Operation modes investigated include transient response to a step input in reactivity, effects of changing the Cs pressure and/or the width of the interelectrode gap on the load electric power, overall conversion efficiency, and the load‐following characteristics of a TFE. Results show that although the nuclear reactor is always load following, a TFE is only partially load‐following. Results also show that in a thermionic (TI) nuclear power system, which employs single‐cell TFEs having a large interelectrode gap, it is desirable to conserve Cs by lowering its vapor pressure at the beginning‐of‐life, since increasing the Cs pressure insignificantly affects the load electric power. However, should fuel swelling, after operating for an extended period of time, reduce the width of the interelectrode gap, both the conversion efficiency and the load electric power will decrease. In this case a partial compensation in the load electric power may be achieved by increasing the fission power and/or the Cs vapor pressure in the interelectrode gap of the TFEs.
Managing complexity in large-scale control system design (2004)

Continued advances in onboard computing technology are allowing automotive companies to accelerate the level of functionality delivered on new vehicles through electronics and software. New features such as hybrid powertrains and vehicle stability control are driving the need for vehicle-level supervisory control. In this work, the supervisory controller was defined in a modular and hierarchical structure in order to achieve better reusability and flexibility in incorporating new technologies into existing applications. In addition, a database tool was developed for the purpose of managing the complexity associated with maintaining the modular and hierarchical structure. Finally, the application of this work to advanced development of new hybrid vehicle prototypes is described.
Thermal and mechanical effects on large field dielectric loss in lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (2013)

Ferroelectric material losses in devices ranging from sonar transducers to energy harvesters result in the conversion of energy to heat. Under small amplitude sinusoidal drive, either electrical or mechanical, the losses are expressed in terms of a loss tangent. This study addressed the effects of temperature and bias stress on large field dielectric loss in the presence of thermal and mechanical loading in lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate, Pb<sub>0.92</sub>La<sub>0.08</sub>(Zr<sub>0.65</sub>Ti<sub>0.35</sub>)<sub>0.98</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (PLZT 8/65/35). This loss is associated with domain wall motion. Large field dielectric loss was experimentally measured using a technique that matches the area within a unipolar electric displacement – electric field hysteresis loop to an equivalent area ellipse-shaped hysteresis loop. The results indicate that the dependence of dielectric loss on bias stress changes with the onset of a thermally induced transition to slim loop behavior. Stress causes the dielectric loss to increase at low temperature and decrease at high temperature. This is consistent with changes in remnant polarization and saturation of the unipolar electric field – electric displacement hysteresis loops.
Image retrieval based on spatial context with Relaxed Gabriel Graph pyramid (2014)

Imposing the coherence of the spatial context on local features is becoming a necessity for object retrieval and recognition. Motivated by the success of proximity graphs in topological decomposition, clustering, and gradient estimation, we introduce a variation on and a generalization of Delaunay Triangulation, called a Relaxed Gabriel Graph (RGG), as the apex of spatial neighborhood association and design a Centrality-Sensitive Pyramid (CSP) model for hierarchical spatial context modeling. RGG is parameterized, and so allows the tuning of various applications and datasets. CSP achieves better neighborhood association and is more robust as regards feature description error than other related work. Our method is evaluated on Flickr Logos 32, Holiday, and Oxford Buildings benchmarks. Experimental results and comparisons demonstrate the superiority of our method in an image retrieval scenario.
Humidity-dependent stability of amorphous germanium nitrides fabricated by plasma nitridation (2007)

We have investigated the stability of amorphous germanium nitride (Ge3N4) layers formed by plasma nitridation of Ge(100) surfaces using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. We have found that humidity in the air accelerates the degradation of Ge3N4 layers and that under 80% humidity condition, most of the Ge–N bonds convert to Ge–O bonds, producing a uniform GeO2 layer, within 12h even at room temperature. After this conversion of nitrides to oxides, the surface roughness drastically increased by forming GeO2 islands on the surfaces. These findings indicate that although Ge3N4 layers have superior thermal stability compared to the GeO2 layers, Ge3N4 reacts readily with hydroxyl groups and it is therefore essential to take the best care of the moisture in the fabrication of Ge-based devices with Ge3N4 insulator or passivation layers.