gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear algebra software for large-scale accelerated multicore computing (2016)

Many crucial scientific computing applications, ranging from national security to medical advances, rely on high-performance linear algebra algorithms and technologies, underscoring their importance and broad impact. Here we present the state-of-the-art design and implementation practices for the acceleration of the predominant linear algebra algorithms on large-scale accelerated multicore systems. Examples are given with fundamental dense linear algebra algorithms – from the LU, QR, Cholesky, and LDLT factorizations needed for solving linear systems of equations, to eigenvalue and singular value decomposition (SVD) problems. The implementations presented are readily available via the open-source PLASMA and MAGMA libraries, which represent the next generation modernization of the popular LAPACK library for accelerated multicore systems. To generate the extreme level of parallelism needed for the efficient use of these systems, algorithms of interest are redesigned and then split into well-chosen computational tasks. The task execution is scheduled over the computational components of a hybrid system of multicore CPUs with GPU accelerators and/or Xeon Phi coprocessors, using either static scheduling or light-weight runtime systems. The use of light-weight runtime systems keeps scheduling overheads low, similar to static scheduling, while enabling the expression of parallelism through sequential-like code. This simplifies the development effort and allows exploration of the unique strengths of the various hardware components. Finally, we emphasize the development of innovative linear algebra algorithms using three technologies – mixed precision arithmetic, batched operations, and asynchronous iterations – that are currently of high interest for accelerated multicore systems.
Residual internal stress optimization for EPON 828/DEA thermoset resin using fiber Bragg grating sensors (2015)

Internal residual stresses and overall mechanical properties of thermoset resins are largely dictated by the curing process. It is well understood that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors can be used to evaluate temperature and cure induced strain while embedded during curing. Herein, is an extension of this work whereby we use FBGs as a probe for minimizing the internal residual stress of an unfilled and filled Epon 828/DEA resin. Variables affecting stress including cure cycle, mold (release), and adhesion promoting additives will be discussed and stress measurements from a strain gauge pop-off test will be used as comparison. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenes in Asymmetric Catalysis: Asymmetric Ring Opening of meso‐Epoxides Catalyzed by Allene‐Containing Phosphine Oxides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predict improved overall survival after post-mastectomy radiotherapy: a study of the randomized DBCG82bc cohort (2021)

The predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on the benefit from radiotherapy (RT) remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the association between TILs and post-mastectomy RT (PMRT) regarding the risk of recurrence and survival in a randomized cohort. Stromal TILs were histologically estimated in 1011 tumors from high-risk breast cancer (BC) patients from the DBCG82bc trial. Patients were diagnosed between 1982 and 90, treated with total mastectomy and partial axillary lymph node dissection, randomized to ± PMRT followed by adjuvant systemic treatment. A competing risk model, Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used for correlating TILs and clinical outcome. 106 of 1011 patients (10.5%) showed high TILs using a 30% cut-off. In multivariate regression analysis, a high level of TILs was an independent factor associated with lower risk of distant metastasis (DM) and improved overall survival (OS), but without association with loco-regional control. High TILs were associated with a significantly greater OS after PMRT at 20 years compared to low TILs (8% improvement for low TILs (23% to 31%) vs. 22% for high TILs (26% to 48%), interaction-test: <i>p</i> = 0.028). The association between TILs and PMRT was more pronounced among estrogen-receptor negative (ER–) tumors, and patients having ER–/low TILs tumors showed no OS benefit from PMRT at 20 years (–4% improvement for low TILs (28% to 24%) vs. 23% for high TILs (20% to 43%). A similar trend in the association between high TILs and reduced risk of DM after PMRT was seen. High TILs predict improved OS from PMRT in BC patients, and the association appeared especially strong for ER– tumors. A trend in the association between high TILs and reduced risk of DM after PMRT was seen. These findings may indicate that RT triggers an immune response inducing a systemic effect outside the treatment field.
Perfluoroalkyl calcium derivatives: reactions with carbonyl compounds (1975)

G. Santini, M. Le Blanc and J. G. Riess, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 678 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000678
Image registration using an extendable quadratic regulariser (2011)

Image registration algorithms are widely used in medical imaging to spatially align anatomical features. This work investigates the regularisation of the registration transformation by unification of the standard diffusion equation regulariser with the standard curvature regulariser. A variational nonrigid registration scheme is employed with periodic boundary conditions and tested over a range of regularisation parameters. A variable regularisation algorithm is also proposed that automatically adapts the regularisation as the registration progresses. Improved registration performance on two simulated biomechanical deformations of 3D breast MRI over four subjects is observed; correcting the simulated deformation residual by 69% and 73% respectively for diffusion regularisation, 36% and 45% for curvature regularisation and up to 73% and 75% for variable regularisation.
Losing it: The Influence of Losses on Individuals’ Normalized Gains (2010)

Researchers and practitioners routinely use the normalized gain (Hake, 1998) to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. Normalized gain (g) has been useful in distinguishing active engagement from traditional instruction. Recently, concerns were raised about normalized gain because it implicitly neglects retention (or, equivalently, "losses"). That is to say, g assumes no right answers become wrong after instruction. We analyze individual standardized gain (G) and loss (L) in data collected at Harvard University during the first five years that Peer Instruction was developed. We find that losses are non-zero, and that losses are larger among students with lower pre-test performances. These preliminary results warrant further research, particularly with different student populations, to establish whether the failure to address loss changes the conclusions drawn from g.
Limitations of Structural Allograft in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (2009)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Two-photon absorbing porphyrins for oxygen microscopy(Conference Presentation) (2016)

The ability to quantify oxygen in vivo in 3D with high spatial and temporal resolution is invaluable for many areas of the biomedical science, including ophthalmology, neuroscience, cancer and stem biology. An optical method based on oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence is being developed, that allows quantitative minimally invasive real-time imaging of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in tissue. In the past, dendritically protected phosphorescent oxygen probes with controllable quenching parameters and defined bio-distributions have been developed. More recently our probe strategy has extended to encompass two-photon excitable oxygen probes, which brought about first demonstrations of two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) of oxygen in vivo, providing new valuable information for neuroscience and stem cell biology. However, current two-photon oxygen probes suffer from a number of limitations, such as low brightness and high cost of synthesis, which dramatically reduce imaging performance and limit usability of the method. Here we present an approach to new bright phosphorescent chromophores with internally enhanced two-photon absorption cross-sections, which pave a way to novel proves for 2PLM. In addition to substantial increase in performance, the new probes can be synthesized by much more efficient methods, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the synthesis and making the technique accessible to a broader range of researchers across different fields.
Strategic Considerations for Unipolar SiC Switch Options: JFET vs. MOSFET (2007)

This paper compares the two most prominent alternatives of an upcoming commercial SiC power switch: JFET vs. MOSFET. Besides the lower specific R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> achievable with a SiC-JFET according to today's technological progress, also reliability and long term stability concerns give advantage to the JFET concept. The major drawback of the JFET, its normally on characteristic, can easily be overcome by a cascade configuration together with a fast low voltage power MOSFET. In some applications the self conducting characteristic is even beneficial.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Difluorophenol as a Bioisostere of a Carboxylic Acid: Bioisosteric Analogues of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Jamming a terahertz wireless link (2022)

As the demand for bandwidth in wireless communication increases, carrier frequencies will reach the terahertz (THz) regime. One of the common preconceived notions is that, at these high frequencies, signals can radiate with high directivity which inherently provides more secure channels. Here, we describe the first study of the vulnerability of these directional links to jamming, in which we identify several features that are distinct from the usual considerations of jamming at low frequencies. We show that the receiver's use of an envelope detector provides the jammer with the ability to thwart active attempts to adapt to their attack. In addition, a jammer can exploit the broadband nature of typical receivers to implement a beat jamming attack, which allows them to optimize the efficacy of the interference even if their broadcast is detuned from the frequency of the intended link. Our work quantifies the increasing susceptibility of broadband receivers to jamming, revealing previously unidentified vulnerabilities which must be considered in the development of future wireless systems operating above 100 GHz.
A comparison of a prototype electromyograph vs. a mechanomyograph and an acceleromyograph for assessment of neuromuscular blockade (2019)

The extent of neuromuscular blockade during anaesthesia is frequently measured using a train-of-four stimulus. Various monitors have been used to quantify the train-of-four, including mechanomyography, acceleromyography and electromyography. Mechanomyography is often considered to be the laboratory gold standard of measurement, but is not commercially available and has rarely been used in clinical practice. Acceleromyography is currently the most commonly used monitor in the clinical setting, whereas electromyography is not widely available. We compared a prototype electromyograph with a newly constructed mechanomyograph and a commercially available acceleromyograph monitor in 43 anesthetised patients. The mean difference (bias; 95% limits of agreement) in train-of-four ratios was 4.7 (-25.2 to 34.6) for mechanomyography vs. electromyography; 14.9 (-13.0 to 42.8) for acceleromyography vs. electromyography; and 9.8 (-31.8 to 51.3) for acceleromyography vs. mechanomyography. The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) in train-of-four ratios between opposite arms when using electromyography was -0.7 (-20.7 to 19.3). There were significantly more acceleromyography train-of-four values > 1.0 (23%) compared with electromyography or mechanomography (2-4%; p < 0.0001). Electromyography most closely resembled mechanomyographic assessment of neuromuscular blockade, whereas acceleromyography frequently produced train-of-four ratio values > 1.0, complicating the interpretation of acceleromyography results in the clinical setting.
The role of epigenetic processes in controlling flowering time in plants exposed to stress (2011)

Plants interact with their environment by modifying gene expression patterns. One mechanism for this interaction involves epigenetic modifications that affect a number of aspects of plant growth and development. Thus, the epigenome is highly dynamic in response to environmental cues and developmental changes. Flowering is controlled by a set of genes that are affected by environmental conditions through an alteration in their expression pattern. This ensures the production of flowers even when plants are growing under adverse conditions, and thereby enhances transgenerational seed production. In this review recent findings on the epigenetic changes associated with flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under abiotic stress conditions such as cold, drought, and high salinity are discussed. These epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the production of micro RNAs (miRNAs) that mediate epigenetic modifications. The roles played by the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin in chromatin remodelling are also discussed. It is shown that there is a crucial relationship between the epigenetic modifications associated with floral initiation and development and modifications associated with stress tolerance. This relationship is demonstrated by the common epigenetic pathways through which plants control both flowering and stress tolerance, and can be used to identify new epigenomic players.
Genetic regulation of the RUNX transcription factor family has antitumor effects (2017)

Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is generally considered to function as a tumor suppressor in the development of leukemia, but a growing body of evidence suggests that it has pro-oncogenic properties in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we have demonstrated that the antileukemic effect mediated by RUNX1 depletion is highly dependent on a functional p53-mediated cell death pathway. Increased expression of other RUNX family members, including RUNX2 and RUNX3, compensated for the antitumor effect elicited by RUNX1 silencing, and simultaneous attenuation of all RUNX family members as a cluster led to a much stronger antitumor effect relative to suppression of individual RUNX members. Switching off the RUNX cluster using alkylating agent-conjugated pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides, which were designed to specifically bind to consensus RUNX-binding sequences, was highly effective against AML cells and against several poor-prognosis solid tumors in a xenograft mouse model of AML without notable adverse events. Taken together, these results identify a crucial role for the RUNX cluster in the maintenance and progression of cancer cells and suggest that modulation of the RUNX cluster using the PI polyamide gene-switch technology is a potential strategy to control malignancies.
Magnetically Recoverable Pd/Fe3O4 Core–Shell Nanowire Clusters with Increased Hydrogenation Activity (2017)

Core-shell nanostructures are promising candidates for the next generation of catalysts due to synergistic effects which can arise from having two active species in close contact, leading to increased activity. Likewise, catalysts displaying added functionality, such as a magnetic response, can have increased scientific and industrial potential. Here, Pd/Fe<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> core-shell nanowire clusters are synthesized and applied as hydrogenation catalysts for an industrially important hydrogenation reaction: the conversion of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol. During synthesis, the palladium nanowires self-assemble into clusters which act as a high-surface-area framework for the growth of a magnetic iron oxide shell. This material demonstrates excellent catalytic activity due to the presence of palladium while the strong magnetic properties provided by the iron oxide shell enable facile catalyst recovery.
Study of Optical and Structural Characteristics of Ceria Nanoparticles Doped with Negative and Positive Association Lanthanide Elements (2014)

This paper studies the effect of adding lanthanides with negative association energy, such as holmium and erbium, to ceria nanoparticles doped with positive association energy lanthanides, such as neodymium and samarium. That is what we called mixed doped ceria nanoparticles (MDC NPs). In MDC NPs of grain size range around 6 nm, it is proved qualitatively that the conversion rate from Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ is reduced, compared to ceria doped only with positive association energy lanthanides. There are many pieces of evidence which confirm the obtained conclusion. These indications are an increase in the allowed direct band gap which is calculated from the absorbance dispersion measurements, a decrease in the emitted fluorescence intensity, and an increase in the size of nanoparticles, which is measured using both techniques: transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). That gives a novel conclusion that there are some trivalent dopants, such as holmium and erbium, which can suppress Ce 3+ ionization states in ceria and consequently act as scavengers for active O‐vacancies in MDC. This promising concept can develop applications which depend on the defects in ceria such as biomedicine, electronic devices, and gas sensors.
Hydrogen Storage in Untreated/Ammonia-Treated and Transition Metal-Decorated (Pt, Pd, Ni, Rh, Ir and Ru) Activated Carbons (2021)

Hydrogen storage may be the bottle neck in hydrogen economy, where hydrogen spillover is in dispute as an effective mechanism. In this context, activated carbon (AC) was doped with nitrogen by using ammonia gas, and was further decorated with platinum, palladium, nickel, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium, via an ultrasound-assisted impregnation method, with average particle sizes of around 74, 60, 78, 61, 67 and 38 nm, respectively. The hydrogen storage was compared, before and after modification at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures, for exploring the spillover effect, induced by the decorating transition metals. Ammonia treatment improved hydrogen storage at both 298 K and 77 K, for the samples, where this enhancement was more remarkable at 298 K. Nevertheless, metal decoration reduced the hydrogen uptake of AC for all of the decorated samples other than palladium at cryogenic temperature, but improved it remarkably, especially for iridium and palladium, at room temperature. This observation suggested that metal decoration’s counter effect overcomes hydrogen spillover at cryogenic temperatures, while the opposite takes place at ambient temperature.
Cilta-Cel Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Progressive Multiple Myeloma after Exposure to Non-Cellular Anti-BCMA Immunotherapy (2023)

(R,R′)-4′-Methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) promotes growth inhibition and apoptosis of human HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells via cannabinoid receptor (CBR) activation. The synthetic CB1R inverse agonist, AM251, has been shown to block the anti-mitogenic effect of MNF in these cells; however, AM251 is also an agonist of the recently deorphanized, lipid-sensing receptor, GPR55, whose upregulation contributes to carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of MNF in GPR55 signaling in human HepG2 and PANC-1 cancer cell lines in culture by focusing first on internalization of the fluorescent ligand Tocrifluor 1117 (T1117). Initial results indicated that cell pretreatment with GPR55 agonists, including the atypical cannabinoid O-1602 and l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol, dose-dependently reduced the rate of cellular T1117 uptake, a process that was sensitive to MNF inhibition. GPR55 internalization and signaling mediated by O-1602 was blocked by MNF in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. Pretreatment of HepG2 and PANC-1 cells with MNF significantly abrogated the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to AM251 and O-1602. Moreover, MNF exerted a coordinated negative regulation of AM251 and O-1602 inducible processes, including changes in cellular morphology and cell migration using scratch wound healing assay. This study shows for the first time that MNF impairs GPR55-mediated signaling and, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the management of cancer.
Modification of the CD14 receptor is associated with biliary stricture formation (2015)

Introduction: The pathogenesis of intrahepatic biliary stricture formation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or after liver transplantation remains elusive.
Ultrasonic Food Quality Analyzer Based on Cylindrical Standing Waves (2010)

An innovative technology based on the use of ultrasonic cylindrical standing waves for continuous monitoring of quality of various liquid food products, such as milk, juice, beer, wine, and drinking water, is described. A proprietary unique feature of the developed ultrasonic analyzer is that it employs a combined mode of operation using both highintensity (5 W/cm 2 ) waves for separation and concentration of the large particles (fat globules, bacteria, or yeasts) and low-intensity (0.5 W/cm 2 ) waves for compositional analysis. High accuracy for sound velocity (> 0.001%) and sound absorption (~0.5%) measurements and rapid testing time (5-20s) have been achieved. Comparative analyses of the ultrasonic method with standard reference techniques have produced linear calibration curves for major components, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.95. It is thus possible to monitor total protein and fat content, and somatic cell count in raw milk in cowsheds, or salinity, turbidity, specific gravity, and particles (bacteria) in drinking water directly. Advantages of the proposed technology include its reagent-free nature, no need for sample pretreatment, ease-of-use, and low cost.
A reduced MIMO Wiener model for recursive identification of the depth of anesthesia (2013)

SUMMARY This paper presents a modeling and identification strategy for the depth of anesthesia using the propofol and remifentanil rates as the system inputs, and the bispectral index and state entropy measurements as the systems outputs. The standard model used for this purpose has twenty two patient‐dependent parameters. This high number of parameters, the little input excitation, and the small amount of output data make classical system identification approaches unsuccessful. To overcome these issues, the new model presented in this paper has six parameters, thereby meeting the parsimony principle of system identification. An extended Kalman filter algorithm is also developed and applied to real data. The good fitting results, combined with noise suppression and a recursive update of the model parameters, are promising for the design of the depth of anesthesia controllers to be used in real time platforms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.