gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the C-bridge length on the ultraviolet-resistance of oxycarbosilane low-k films (2016)

The ultra-violet (UV) and vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) resistance of bridging alkylene groups in organosilica films has been investigated. Similar to the Si-CH3 (methyl) bonds, the Si-CH2-Si (methylene) bonds are not affected by 5.6 eV irradiation. On the other hand, the concentration of the Si-CH2-CH2-Si (ethylene) groups decreases during such UV exposure. More significant difference in alkylene reduction is observed when the films are exposed to VUV (7.2 eV). The ethylene groups are depleted by more than 75% while only about 40% methylene and methyl groups loss is observed. The different sensitivity of bridging groups to VUV light should be taken into account during the development of curing and plasma etch processes of low-k materials based on periodic mesoporous organosilicas and oxycarbosilanes. The experimental results are qualitatively supported by ab-initio quantum-chemical calculations.
Galectin‐3 regulates inflammasome activation in cholestatic liver injury (2016)

Macrophage activation is an important feature of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) pathogenesis and other cholestatic liver diseases. Galectin-3 (Gal3), a pleiotropic lectin, is produced by monocytic cells and macrophages. However, its role in PBC has not been addressed. We hypothesized that Gal3 is a key to induce NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages and in turn to propagate proinflammatory IL-17 signaling. In liver tissues from patients with PBC and dnTGF-βRII mice, a model of autoimmune cholangitis, the expression of Gal3, NLRP3, and the adaptor protein adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein was induced, with the downstream activation of caspase-1 and IL-1β. In wild-type hepatic macrophages, deoxycholic acid induced the association of Gal3 and NLRP3 with direct activation of the inflammasome, resulting in an increase in IL-1β. Downstream retinoid-related orphan receptor C mRNA, IL-17A, and IL-17F were induced. In Gal3<sup>-/-</sup> macrophages, no inflammasome activation was detected. To confirm the key role of Gal3 in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury, we generated dnTGF-βRII/galectin-3<sup>-/-</sup> (dn/Gal3<sup>-/-</sup>) mice, which showed impaired inflammasome activation along with significantly improved inflammation and fibrosis. Taken together, our data point to a novel role of Gal3 as an initiator of inflammatory signaling in autoimmune cholangitis, mediating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inducing IL-17 proinflammatory cascades. These studies provide a rationale to target Gal3 in autoimmune cholangitis and potentially other cholestatic diseases.-Tian, J., Yang, G., Chen, H.-Y., Hsu, D. K., Tomilov, A., Olson, K. A., Dehnad, A., Fish, S. R., Cortopassi, G., Zhao, B., Liu, F.-T., Gershwin, M. E., Török, N. J., Jiang, J. X. Galectin-3 regulates inflammasome activation in cholestatic liver injury.
Crystal structure of mer-tris-(N-benzylsalicylaldiminato)manganese(III) (1974)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by the heavy-atom method from X-ray diffractometer data and refined by least-squares to R 0·05 (2991 reflections). Crystals are triclinic, space group p, a= 11·054(2), b= 16·462(3), c= 9·801(2)Å, α= 104·91(1), β= 93·20(2), γ= 94·02(2)°, Z= 2.The three ligands are bidentate, co-ordinating through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the mer-conformation, i.e. trans-isomer. The manganese environment displays a pseudo-tetragonal distortion, the axial atoms being nitrogen [Mn–N 2·251(5) and 2·271(5)Å]. The equatorial atoms are at distances: Mn–O 1·882(3), 1·896(3), and 1·917(4), and Mn–N 2·082(5)Å.
Making the T-type even tinier - CRF mediated inhibition of low voltage activated calcium channel activity (2008)

T-type calcium channels are important for a variety of physiological processes such as brain and heart function. Proper regulation of these channels by second messengers is fundamental, however, our knowledge of the molecular pathways that regulate T-type calcium channels is limited in comparison with other voltage-dependent calcium channels. In this issue of Molecular Pharmacology, Tao and colleagues demonstrate that Cav3.2 is regulated by activation of the corticotroprin-releasing factor receptor 1 in a Gβγ-dependent manner. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on March 7, 2008 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.046961 at A PE T Jornals on M ay 1, 2017 m oharm .aspeurnals.org D ow nladed from
Human ability of counting the number of instruments in polyphonic music (2013)

There are indications that humans are only able to correctly count up to three voices in polyphonic music pieces of homogeneous timbre, where each voice is played by the same instrument. A more general case, where voices are played by instruments of inhomogeneous timbre, has not been fully addressed so far. In order to approach this question we conducted a listening experiment with 62 participants to find out whether both scenarios - instrumentation by inhomogeneous or homogeneous timbre - share the same outcome. This paper describes the design of the experiment including an analysis of the results, which show that both scenarios are related. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the error rates in correctly counting the number of instruments reveals that there are significant differences between non-musician and musician listeners, in particular regarding the upper auditory limit of the number of correctly counted instruments. Based on these results, models for the perception of instruments in auditory streams can be developed.
RADIOLOGIC CASE STUDY (2003)

Accurate diagnosis of posterior shoulder dislocation requires a high index of suspicion in shoulder trauma patients and proper radiographic evaluation. This case highlights the importance of obtaining axillary views in shoulder trauma cases.
Introducing Optical Lithography (2010)

Lithography creates a resist image on a wafer. The subsequent etching, lift off, or ion implantation process is masked by the resist image at the areas dictated by the lithography mask. Hence, the thin-film material on the wafer is selectively removed, built up, or its characteristics are selectively altered. Replicating the mask pattern produces the resist image, except when mask making or direct writing on a wafer. Figure 1.1 depicts the mask replication process with an imaging lens. The condenser collects light from the source and illuminates the mask pattern. Light then passes through the imaging lens to form an aerial image to selectively expose the resist. After development, the resist image is produced. Figure 1.2 illustrates various forms of image transfer from the resist to the underlying thin film. The film can be isotropically or anisotropically etched, lifted off, plated, or implanted, using the patterned resist as the mask. Detailed descriptions of these transfer processes are given in Chapter 3.
Generating high-performance arithmetic operators for FPGAs (2008)

This article addresses the development of complex, heavily parameterized and flexible operators to be used in FPGA-based floating-point accelerators. Languages such as VHDL or Verilog are not ideally suited for this task. The main problem is the automation of problems such as parameter-directed or target-directed architectural optimization, pipeline optimization, and generation of relevant test benches. This article introduces FloPoCo, an open object-oriented software framework designed to address these issues. Written in C++, it inputs operator specifications, a target FPGA and and an objective frequency, and outputs synthesisable VHDL fine-tuned for this FPGA at this frequency. Its design choices are discussed and validated on various operators.
A Multiscale Description of the Electronic Transport within the Hierarchical Architecture of a Composite Electrode for Lithium Batteries (2009)

Abstract The broadband dielectric spectroscopy technique is applied, for the first time, to a composite material used as an electrode for lithium battery. The electrical properties (permittivity and conductivity) are measured from low (a few Hz) to microwave (a few GHz) frequencies. The results demonstrate that the broadband dielectric spectroscopy technique is very sensitive to the different scales of the electrode architecture involved in electronic transport, from interatomic distances to macroscopic sizes, as well as to the morphology at these scales, coarse or fine distribution of the constituents. This work opens up new prospects for a more fundamental understanding and more rational optimization of the electronic transport in composite electrodes for lithium batteries and other electrochemical energy storage technologies (including other batteries, supercapacitors, low‐ and medium‐temperature fuel cells), electrochemical sensors and conductor–insulator composite materials.
Scale Stain: Multi-Resolution Feature Enhancement in Pathology\n Visualization (2016)

Digital whole-slide images of pathological tissue samples have recently\nbecome feasible for use within routine diagnostic practice. These gigapixel\nsized images enable pathologists to perform reviews using computer workstations\ninstead of microscopes. Existing workstations visualize scanned images by\nproviding a zoomable image space that reproduces the capabilities of the\nmicroscope. This paper presents a novel visualization approach that enables\nfiltering of the scale-space according to color preference. The visualization\nmethod reveals diagnostically important patterns that are otherwise not\nvisible. The paper demonstrates how this approach has been implemented into a\nfully functional prototype that lets the user navigate the visualization\nparameter space in real time. The prototype was evaluated for two common\nclinical tasks with eight pathologists in a within-subjects study. The data\nreveal that task efficiency increased by 15% using the prototype, with\nmaintained accuracy. By analyzing behavioral strategies, it was possible to\nconclude that efficiency gain was caused by a reduction of the panning needed\nto perform systematic search of the images. The prototype system was well\nreceived by the pathologists who did not detect any risks that would hinder use\nin clinical routine.\n
A Low‐Temperature Broadband NMR Probe for Multinuclear Cross‐Polarization (2019)

Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) probes are usually designed for one or at most two specific nuclei. Investigation of multiple nuclei usually requires manufacturing a number of costly probes. In addition, changing the probe is a time-consuming process since a system that works at low temperature (usually between 1.2 and 4.2 K) must be warmed up, thus increasing the risks of contamination. Here, an efficient apparatus is described for D-DNP designed not only for microwave-enhanced direct observation of a wide range of nuclei S such as <sup>1</sup> H, <sup>13</sup> C, <sup>2</sup> H, <sup>23</sup> Na, and <sup>17</sup> O, but also for cross-polarization (CP) from I=<sup>1</sup> H to such S nuclei. Unlike most conventional designs, the tuning and matching circuits are partly immersed in superfluid helium at temperatures down to 1.2 K. Intense radio-frequency (RF) fields with amplitudes on the order of 50 kHz or better can be applied simultaneously to both nuclei I and S using RF amplifiers with powers on the order of 90 and 80 W, respectively, without significant losses of liquid helium. The system can operate at temperatures over a wide range between 1.2 and 300 K.
Dynamic path-protected service provisioning in optical transport networks with a limited number of add/drop ports and transmitter tunability (2007)

We consider path-based survivable service provisioning in transparent optical networks with the constraints of wavelength continuity and a limited number of add/drop ports at each OXC node in the presence of limited tunability of transmitters. We develop simple but valid analytical models to estimate the effects of number of add/drop ports and transmitter tunability on survivable service provisioning performance. We propose effective algorithms for the assignments of wavelength resources and add/drop ports for each survivable connection service and conduct simulations to evaluate the impacts of number of add/drop ports and transmitter tunability on path- based survivable service provisioning and further to examine the validity of the analytical models. It is found that a certain system add/drop ratio is required at each node so as to eliminate the blocking due to the lack of free add/drop ports. A network with a higher density requires a larger relative number of add/drop ports (i.e., add/drop ratio) for a given overall blocking objective. A network with a higher density benefits more in blocking from transmitter tunability. Finally, the analytical models are verified to be able to qualitatively predict the trends and effects of all the related constraints on the performance of survivable service provisioning.
Development of an Encapsulation Strategy for an Implantable Optical Glucose Sensing Technology Compatible with a Self-Cleaning Membrane (2015)

The concerning rate of diabetes mellitus prevalence and its associated chronic complications accentuates the urgency for continuous glucose monitoring. Optical techniques, especially fluorescence-affinity assays, offer a strategy that transcends current transcutaneous sensors by enabling subcutaneous implantation and interrogation. Biosensors can initiate an immune response that ultimately leads to a dense fibrous capsule surrounding the sensor. This biological interference, termed “biofouling,” severely limits implantable sensor lifetimes by slowing analyte diffusion and decreasing optical signal propagation. In an effort to control biofouling, a thermoresponsive, “self-cleaning,” hydrogel membrane based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) has been proposed. Further, a continuous glucose monitoring system based on a competitive binding assay using Concanavalin A (ConA) as a component in a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach is being developed for encapsulation within the thermoresponsive hydrogel. In this research, a double network nanocomposite PNIPAAm (DNNC) hydrogel’s glucose diffusion, thermosensitivity, cytocompatibility, in vitro cellular release, and in vivo compatibility and efficacy were thoroughly investigated. Further, an encapsulation strategy was developed for retaining the glucose assay within the hydrogel and yet allowing glucose diffusion. The methods and systems for obtaining the in vitro and in vivo results of the hydrogel are presented along with the glucose encapsulation strategies. In general, the research showed that the hydrogel could adequately diffuse glucose at temperatures associated with subcutaneous implantation, maintain a stable thermal cycling profile, promote cellular release without toxic effects in vitro, and decrease the extent of biofouling in vivo. Furthermore, the hydrogel revealed its feasibility to be embedded with layer-by-layer (LbL) microsphere assemblies, which exhibited the ability to encapsulate the components of a competitive binding glucose assay. Overall, the results of this research demonstrate that the hydrogel combined with the encapsulated glucose assay is a promising approach for an implantable continuous glucose monitoring biosensor.
Foreword: Welcome to the 2014 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (2014)

The Symposium on VLSI Circuits is sponsored by the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society and the Japan Society of Applied Physics, in cooperation with the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers of Japan.
Metabolomics as a Truly Translational Tool for Precision Medicine (2021)

Metabolomics is unique among omics technologies in being applicable to metabolism and toxicity studies broadly across organisms (e.g., humans, other mammals, model organisms, and even bacteria) and across biological materials (e.g., blood, urine, saliva, biopsy, and stool), including cultured cells and subcellular fractions. Metabolomics can be used to characterize biologic response patterns in humans as well as to support mechanistic studies in model systems and ex vivo studies. A broad range of resources are available, including publicly accessible data repositories (e.g., Metabolomics Workbench), tools for biostatistics and bioinformatics (e.g., MetaboAnalyst), metabolite identification (e.g., Metlin), and pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Thus, metabolomics is more than a promise of the future; metabolomics is already available as a translational approach to facilitate precision medicine. This ACT Symposium review will contain an introduction to metabolomics in toxicity studies followed by sections on translational metabolic networks, translational metabolite biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, translational framework using high-resolution metabolomics for integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and precision medicine applications: extracting actionable targets from untargeted metabolomics data following one year in space.
MEN1, MEN4, and Carney Complex: Pathology and Molecular Genetics (2015)

Pituitary adenomas are a common feature of a subset of endocrine neoplasia syndromes, which have otherwise highly variable disease manifestations. We provide here a review of the clinical features and human molecular genetics of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 and 4 (MEN1 and MEN4, respectively) and Carney complex (CNC). MEN1, MEN4, and CNC are hereditary autosomal dominant syndromes that can present with pituitary adenomas. MEN1 is caused by inactivating mutations in the MEN1 gene, whose product menin is involved in multiple intracellular pathways contributing to transcriptional control and cell proliferation. MEN1 clinical features include primary hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and prolactinomas as well as other pituitary adenomas. A subset of patients with pituitary adenomas and other MEN1 features have mutations in the CDKN1B gene; their disease has been called MEN4. Inactivating mutations in the type 1α regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA; the PRKAR1A gene), that lead to dysregulation and activation of the PKA pathway, are the main genetic cause of CNC, which is clinically characterised by primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, spotty skin pigmentation (lentigines), cardiac and other myxomas and acromegaly due to somatotropinomas or somatotrope hyperplasia.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids. Part 31. Face Selectivity of the Diels‐Alder Reaction of Thebaine‐Like Morphinandienes, a Computational Approach. (1989)

Abstract Molecular mechanics (MMP2(85)) are proven to be well‐suited to reproduce X‐ray structures of morphinans such as desoxycodeine‐A and can be considered to give reliable structural informations on compounds for which no X‐ray data are available.
Vibration and Noise Reduction of Small Gasoline Engine with Optimization of Valve Mechanism. (2000)

The vibration and noise generated by the motion of the driven valve system are one of the highest levels in mechanical vibration and noise of the engine. As a result of investigations of the mechanism generating the vibration and noise in the valve system, it has been found that abnormal motions of the valve system called jump and bounce phenomena are the primary factor of vibration and noise sources and the collisions between each component of the system become an issue. On the basis of these investigations, the dynamic model of the valve system is maked and Mechanical System Simulation(MSS)is carried out. As the result, it has been found that the factor to reduce these motions is the cam profile and the optimum design of the valve system has been completed. From this study, it has been verified that reduction of the vibration and noise is possible by reduction of the abnormal motions in the valve system.
Thy1 (CD90) regulates adipogenesis and is decreased by the environmental obesogen tetrabromobisphenol-A (HUM2P.339) (2014)

Abstract Obesity has risen drastically over the last 30 years and occurs through excessive adipogenesis (adipocyte formation) or increases in adipocyte size. Adipocytes produce cytokines such as IL-6 that promotes inflammatory disease. Environmental toxicants termed obesogens such as Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) disrupt the endocrine system and increase adipogenesis; however the mechanisms remain unknown. Thy1 (CD90), a cell surface protein, is a member of the immunoglobulin family. We have previously shown that fibroblasts are heterogeneous for Thy1 and only Thy1-/low fibroblasts form adipocytes. We hypothesized that TBBPA promotes adipogenesis by decreasing Thy1 expression. We used mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as a model to determine if TBBPA decreases the expression of Thy1 to promote fat cell formation. We measured Thy1 mRNA levels by qPCR and Thy1 protein levels by western blot. Adipogenesis was measured by inspection of lipid droplets and expression of the key adipocyte marker, FABP4. Our data show that TBBPA decreased the expression of Thy1 in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, TBBPA treated cells also expressed higher levels of FABP4, supporting the concept that loss of Thy1 alters cell fate. TBBPA exposure for one week before adipogenic induction resulted in a further reduction of Thy1 and additional increases in FABP4. Thus, prolonged or developmental exposure to TBBPA may affect Thy1 levels and alter physiology long after exposure, which may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
Track Network Events with Write Optimized Data Structures. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
In situ evaluation of interfacial affinity in CeO2 based hybrid nanoparticles by pulsed field gradient NMR (2005)

Complexation affinity of laurate ligands (C(12)H(23)O(2)) grafted onto the surface of cerium(IV) oxide nanoparticles can be probed and quantified in situ, by pulsed field gradient (1)H NMR through the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the size of a species.
Iridium (III) pincer complexes in catalytic aerobic methane oxidation (2014)

The practical and direct catalytic oxidn. of methane to methanol, a liq. fuel, remains a grand challenge in chem. The reaction&#13;\nis preferably carried out by air or an air-regenerable oxidant. We present our recent exptl. and computational studies using&#13;\niridium (III) pincer complexes as catalysts and air as the oxidant.
Identification of Mouse Langerin/CD207 in Langerhans Cells and Some Dendritic Cells of Lymphoid Tissues (2002)

Human (h)Langerin/CD207 is a C-type lectin of Langerhans cells (LC) that induces the formation of Birbeck granules (BG). In this study, we have cloned a cDNA-encoding mouse (m)Langerin. The predicted protein is 66% homologous to hLangerin with conservation of its particular features. The organization of human and mouse Langerin genes are similar, consisting of six exons, three of which encode the carbohydrate recognition domain. The mLangerin gene maps to chromosome 6D, syntenic to the human gene on chromosome 2p13. mLangerin protein, detected by a mAb as a 48-kDa species, is abundant in epidermal LC in situ and is down-regulated upon culture. A subset of cells also expresses mLangerin in bone marrow cultures supplemented with TGF-beta. Notably, dendritic cells in thymic medulla are mLangerin-positive. By contrast, only scattered cells express mLangerin in lymph nodes and spleen. mLangerin mRNA is also detected in some nonlymphoid tissues (e.g., lung, liver, and heart). Similarly to hLangerin, a network of BG form upon transfection of mLangerin cDNA into fibroblasts. Interestingly, substitution of a conserved residue (Phe(244) to Leu) within the carbohydrate recognition domain transforms the BG in transfectant cells into structures resembling cored tubules, previously described in mouse LC. Our findings should facilitate further characterization of mouse LC, and provide insight into a plasticity of dendritic cell organelles which may have important functional consequences.