gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability Behavior of Self-Aligned Coplanar a-IGZO Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by Deep Ultraviolet Irradiation (2018)

We fabricated self-aligned coplanar amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs and defined the source/drain region using deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation. For our TFTs, source/drain region were well defined to designed dimensions and contact resistance was low value. The electrical properties of the device show field-effect mobility (μFE) of 13.2 cm2/Vs, subthreshold swing (S/S) of 0.32 V/decade, threshold voltage (Vth) of 3.2 V, and on/off ratio of 8.8 × 108, respectively. In addition, the reduced channel length (ΔL) and width-normalized contact resistance (RSDW) were 1.08 μm and 87.5 Ω cm, respectively. Stability behavior of self-aligned coplanar a-IGZO TFT fabricated by DUV irradiation was investigated under negative bias stress (NBS), negative bias illumination stress (NBIS), positive bias stress (PBS), and positive bias temperature stress (PBTS). After the stress under NBS, NBIS, PBS, and PBTS, the Δ Vth values of −0.3 V, −0.8 V, 1.2 V, and 1.3 V were measured, respectively. Additionally, the electrical characteristics of the n+ doping region by DUV irradiation were not degraded under any of the stress conditions.
A comprehensive study on the degradation of lithium-ion batteries during calendar ageing: The internal resistance increase (2016)

Lithium-ion batteries are regarded as the key energy storage technology for both e-mobility and stationary renewable energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the Lithium-ion batteries are complex energy storage devices, which are characterized by a complex degradation behavior, which affects both their capacity and internal resistance. This paper investigates, based on extended laboratory calendar ageing tests, the degradation of the internal resistance of a Lithium-ion battery. The dependence of the internal resistance increase on the temperature and state-of-charge level have been extensive studied and quantified. Based on the obtained laboratory results, an accurate semi-empirical lifetime model, which is able to predict with high accuracy the internal resistance increase of the Lithium-ion battery over a wide temperature range and for all state-of-charge levels was proposed and validated.
UPFlight: An enabler for Avionic MEC in a drone-extended 5G mobile network (2020)

The interest in extending the range of mobile networks by means of drones, which carry a cellular radio base station or even a complete mobile core, is continuously increasing in research as well as in industry. Whereas the asset in such solutions is well motivated, various practical aspects are not fully considered, such as weight, power consumption and associated flight time of such drones, which usually carry limited and expensive mobile energy resources. In this paper we leverage various advantageous architectural and operational aspects of a 5G Mobile Core and propose the use of a low-cost system-on-chip solution on board of a drone to realize a flying 5G User Plane Function, which serves as data plane anchor to mobile devices attaching to the cellular base station co-located with the drone and enables offloading traffic to services, which can run on the system-on-chip board as well. We prototyped a standard-conform User Plane Function by means of the open source fd.io project for Vector Packet Processing and enabled mobile access to flying lightweight mobile edge services. The paper describes how the drone system operates with the architecture backend in the fixed infrastructure and presents experimentally determined performance figures, comparing the developed low-costs flying edge services with a setup, which deploys the 5G User Plane Function as well as services in the fixed infrastructure.
Preconditioning reduces myocardial complement gene expression in vivo (2000)

This investigation examined the effect of preconditioning in an in vivo model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits underwent 30 min of regional myocardial ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Hearts preconditioned with two cycles of 5 min ischemia-10 min reperfusion (IPC) or with the ATP-sensitive K (K(ATP)) channel opener, diazoxide (10 mg/kg), exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) smaller infarcts compared with control. These treatments also significantly (P < 0.001 to P < 0.05) reduced C1q, C1r, C3, C8, and C9 mRNA in the areas at risk (AAR). The K(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) attenuated infarct size reduction elicited by IPC and diazoxide treatment. 5-HD partially reversed the decrease in complement expression caused by IPC but not diazoxide. There were no significant differences in complement gene expression in the nonrisk regions and livers of all groups. Western blot analysis revealed that IPC also reduced membrane attack complex expression in the AAR. The data demonstrate that preconditioning significantly decreases reperfusion-induced myocardial complement expression in vivo.
Holistic, model-based optimization of edge leveling as an enabler for lithographic focus control: application to a memory use case (2016)

Advancement of the next generation technology nodes and emerging memory devices demand tighter lithographic focus control. Although the leveling performance of the latest-generation scanners is state of the art, challenges remain at the wafer edge due to large process variations. There are several customer configurable leveling control options available in ASML scanners, some of which are application specific in their scope of leveling improvement. In this paper, we assess the usability of leveling non-correctable error models to identify yield limiting edge dies. We introduce a novel dies-inspec based holistic methodology for leveling optimization to guide tool users in selecting an optimal configuration of leveling options. Significant focus gain, and consequently yield gain, can be achieved with this integrated approach. The Samsung site in Hwaseong observed an improved edge focus performance in a production of a mid-end memory product layer running on an ASML NXT 1960 system. 50% improvement in focus and a 1.5%p gain in edge yield were measured with the optimized configurations.
In-design and signoff lithography physical analysis for 7/5nm (Erratum) (2017)

Publisher’s Note: This paper, originally published on 30-March, 2017, was replaced with a corrected/revised version on 6-April, 2017. If you downloaded the original PDF but are unable to access the revision, please contact SPIE Digital Library Customer Service for assistance. <br/> <br/> At advanced nodes, definition of design rules and process options must be tightly optimized to deliver the best tradeoff performance, power, area and manufacturability. However, implementation platforms don’t typically have access to process information and process teams don’t have design knowledge, and optimization loops required for Design-Technology-Co-Optimization (DTCO) are either impossible or at best long and expensive for fabless design house. <br/> <br/> Joining forces, ASML, IMEC and Cadence Design Systems developed an In-design and signoff lithography physical analysis well suited for 7/5nm and below. The Tachyon OPC+ engine used by IMEC 7/5nm process has been integrated in Cadence Litho Physical Analyzer (LPA) to perform lithography checks using the foundry process models, recipes, and hotspot detectors. This flow leverages existing LPA infrastructure for both custom and digital design platforms, as well as standalone signoff. <br/> <br/> Depending upon the end application, LPA could be launched either from place &amp; route or custom layout or standalone. LPA processes first the design database to identify hierarchy, decompose the layout for coloring and apply pattern matching to identify location requiring simulation. The layout is then passed to the Tachyon OPC tool to perform optical process correction and model-based litho verification that is validated on Silicon. The hotspots and contours are processed by LPA for generation of hotspot marker and fixing guidelines and provide all this information to the design environment. <br/> <br/> The flow has been developed and demonstrated to work on IMEC 7nm, and can be ported to smaller or larger technologies. The paper will present the result of this In-design and signoff lithography physical analysis flow, how DTCO and design teams can add manufacturability to PPA.
Potentials for a Fifth Generation PET Scanner for Oncology (2006)

Four generations of PET scanners have emerged since the first clinical PET system. In this paper we predict the achievable performance of a fifth generation PET scanner, defined as a fully 3D system with no septa, an axial FOV approaching 30 cm with a spatial resolution mainly dictated by the positron physics. The predictions are based on the HIREZ (CPS/Siemens) performance plus current insights in detector technology, electronics and image reconstruction. The HIREZ system uses LSO scintillators, providing fast timing, good energy resolution, high spatial resolution and high system live time. LSO is an excellent candidate for a TOF detector with a proven 400 ps time resolution for detector blocks in coincidence. We have considered and integrated improvements that can be made to the key components necessary to the design of a fifth generation PET scanner. The spatial resolution can be improved by using a finer detector grid. The time window can be reduced. Packing fraction can be increased. The axial extension can be increased, giving more solid angle coverage and therefore better NEC. Based on the predicted gains in reduced randoms, dead time and TOF advantages, we have made initial simulations of the NEC for different axial field of views. An axial extension of /spl sim/32 cm with ECAT EXACT ring geometry gives at least four times higher NEC count rate than for a 16 cm axial FOV system. This will be combined with the improved image quality due to higher spatial sampling and TOF.
CSO distortion suppression by gain spectrum control of cascaded EDFAs (1994)

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is an indispensable element for AM-FDM optical video distribution systems to allow long transmission distances and branching losses. However, there is a problem of gain tilt of EDFA combined with laser chirp, which leads to the composite second-order (CSO) distortion[1]. It is also reported that the gain tilt for RF modulated light (AC gain tilt) is severa1 times as large as conventional DC gain tilt, and its spectral behavior is similar to the small signal gain spectrum[2]. Therefore, the small signal gain peak of EDFA must be at the signal wavelength to minimize the CSO distortion
Liquid and gel electrodes for transverse free flow electrophoresis (2023)

The present invention provides a mechanism for separating or isolating charged particles under the influence of an electric field without metal electrodes being in direct contact with the sample solution. The metal electrodes normally in contact with the sample are replaced with high conductivity fluid electrodes situated parallel and adjacent to the sample. When the fluid electrodes transmit the electric field across the sample, particles within the sample migrate according to their electrophoretic mobility.
Computer-Aided Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Transcriptional Activity of TLX (NR2E1) Nuclear Receptor (2018)

Orphan nuclear receptor TLX (NR2E1) plays a critical role in the regulation of neural stem cells (NSC) as well as in the development of NSC-derived brain tumors. In the last years, new data have emerged implicating TLX in prostate and breast cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of TLX transcriptional activity may have a significant impact on the treatment of several critical malignancies. However, the TLX protein possesses a non-canonical ligand-binding domain (LBD), which lacks a ligand-binding pocket (conventionally targeted in case of nuclear receptors) that complicates the development of small molecule inhibitors of TLX. Herein, we utilized a rational structure-based design approach to identify small molecules targeting the Atro-box binding site of human TLX LBD. As a result of virtual screening of ~7 million molecular structures, 97 compounds were identified and evaluated in the TLX-responsive luciferase reporter assay. Among those, three chemicals demonstrated 40⁻50% inhibition of luciferase-detected transcriptional activity of the TLX orphan nuclear receptor at a dose of 35 µM. The identified compounds represent the first class of small molecule inhibitors of TLX transcriptional activity identified via methods of computer-aided drug discovery.
Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Alkynylphenoxyacetic Acid CRTH2 (DP2) Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Allergic Inflammatory Diseases (2011)

New phenoxyacetic acid antagonists of CRTH2 are described. Following the discovery of a hit compound by a focused screening, high protein binding was identified as its main weakness. Optimization aimed at reducing serum protein binding led to the identification of several compounds that showed not only excellent affinities for the receptor (41 compounds with K(i) < 10 nM) but also excellent potencies in a human whole blood assay (IC(50) < 100 nM; PGD2-induced eosinophil shape change). Additional optimization of the PK characteristics led to the identification of several compounds suitable for in vivo testing. Of these, 19k and 19s were tested in two different pharmacological models (acute FITC-mediated contact hypersensitivity and ovalbumin-induced eosinophilia models) and found to be active after oral dosing (10 and 30 mg/kg).
On overcoming the “worse than worst” earthquake (2011)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Exhibit Antibacterial Activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Are Influenced by Bacterial and Host Factors (2012)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative pathogen of melioidosis, of which a major predisposing factor is diabetes mellitus. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) kill microbes extracellularly by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PMNs play a key role in the control of melioidosis, but the involvement of NETs in killing of B. pseudomallei remains obscure. Here, we showed that bactericidal NETs were released from human PMNs in response to B. pseudomallei in a dose- and time-dependent manner. B. pseudomallei-induced NET formation required NADPH oxidase activation but not phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, or Src family kinase signaling pathways. B. pseudomallei mutants defective in the virulence-associated Bsa type III protein secretion system (T3SS) or capsular polysaccharide I (CPS-I) induced elevated levels of NETs. NET induction by such mutants was associated with increased bacterial killing, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst by PMNs. Taken together the data imply that T3SS and the capsule may play a role in evading the induction of NETs. Importantly, PMNs from diabetic subjects released NETs at a lower level than PMNs from healthy subjects. Modulation of NET formation may therefore be associated with the pathogenesis and control of melioidosis.
Maternal and Cord Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Are Associated with Increased Cord Blood and Naive and Activated Regulatory T Cells: The Barwon Infant Study (2021)

Vitamin D has shown immune-modulatory effects but mostly in in vitro and animal studies. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important for a balanced immune system. The relationship between vitamin D on the number of circulating neonatal Treg is unclear. We sought to investigate the association between maternal and neonatal vitamin D metabolites and cord blood (CB) Treg subsets. In a cohort of Australian infants (<i>n</i> = 1074), recruited using an unselected antenatal sampling frame, 158 mother-infant pairs had data on the following: 1) 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>) measures in both maternal peripheral blood (28- to 32-wk gestation) and infant CB; 2) proportions (percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) of CB Treg subsets (CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45RA<sup>+</sup> FOXP3<sup>low</sup> naive Treg, and CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45RA<sup>-</sup> FOXP3<sup>high</sup> activated Treg [aTreg]); and 3) possible confounders, including maternal personal UV radiation. Multiple regression analyses were used. The median 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> was 85.4 and 50.7 nmol/l for maternal and CB samples, respectively. Higher maternal 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels were associated with increased CB naive Treg (relative adjusted mean difference [AMD] per 25 nmol/l increase: 5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1-9%), and aTreg (AMD per 25 nmol/l increase: 17%; 95% CI: 6-28%). Furthermore, a positive association between CB 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels and CB aTreg (AMD per 25 nmol/l increase: 29%; 95% CI: 13-48%) was also evident. These results persisted after adjustment for other factors such as maternal personal UV radiation and season of birth. 25(OH)D<sub>3,</sub> may play a role in the adaptive neonatal immune system via induction of FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs. Further studies of immune priming actions of antenatal 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> are warranted.
Software Security Readiness and Deployment (2021)

Software companies need to assess the security of their products before release. Software reliability engineering tracks and predict software failures using statistical models and metrics. The goal of this paper is to aid software companies in tracking software security growth and identify release readiness through software reliability engineering. Enhancement of software reliability engineering concepts, metrics, and techniques to software security can yield a fresh perspective to secure software release readiness and deployment process.
Paclitaxel chemotherapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation and engraftment of hematopoietic cells transduced with a retrovirus containing the multidrug resistance complementary DNA (MDR1) in metastatic breast cancer patients. (1999)

The MDR1 multidrug resistance gene confers resistance to natural-product anticancer drugs including paclitaxel. We conducted a clinical gene therapy study to determine whether retroviral-mediated transfer of MDR1 in human hematopoietic cells would result in stable engraftment, and possibly expansion, of cells containing this gene after treatment with myelosuppressive doses of paclitaxel. Patients with metastatic breast cancer who achieved a complete or partial remission after standard chemotherapy were eligible for the study. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were collected by both peripheral blood apheresis and bone marrow harvest after mobilization with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2) and daily filgrastim therapy (10 microg/kg/day). After enrichment for CD34+ cells, one-third of each collection was incubated ex vivo for 72 h with a replication-incompetent retrovirus containing the MDR1 gene (G1MD) in the presence of stem-cell factor, interleukin 3, and interleukin 6. The remaining CD34+ cells were stored without further manipulation. All of the CD34+ cells were reinfused for hematopoietic rescue after conditioning chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide regimen. After hematopoietic recovery, patients received six cycles of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). Bone marrow and serial peripheral blood samples were obtained and tested for the presence of the MDR1 transgene using a PCR assay. Six patients were enrolled in the study and four patients received infusion of genetically altered cells. The ex vivo transduction efficiency, estimated by the PCR assay, ranged from 0.1 to 0.5%. Three of the four patients demonstrated engraftment of cells containing the MDR1 transgene. The estimated percentage of granulocytes containing the MDR1 transgene ranged from a maximum of 9% of circulating nucleated cells down to the limit of detection of 0.01%. One patient remained positive for the MDR1 transgene throughout all six cycles of paclitaxel therapy, whereas the other 2 patients showed a decrease in the number of cells containing the transgene to undetectable levels. Despite the low level of engraftment of MDR1-marked cells, a correlation was observed between the relative number of granulocytes containing the MDR1 transgene and the granulocyte nadir after paclitaxel therapy. No adverse reactions to the genetic manipulation procedures were detected. Therefore, engraftment of human HSCs transduced with the MDR1 gene can be achieved. However, the overall transduction efficiency and stable engraftment of gene-modified HSCs must be improved before MDR1 gene therapy and in vivo selection with anticancer drugs can be reliably used to protect cancer patients from drug-related myelosuppression.
In vitro killing of Ehrlichia risticii by activated and immune mouse peritoneal macrophages (1993)

Normal resident murine peritoneal macrophages inoculated in vitro with Ehrlichia risticii readily phagocytized the organism but were unable to suppress ehrlichial replication as determined by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining of the inoculated cells. In contrast, macrophages from Corynebacterium parvum-inoculated and E. risticii-recovered mice rapidly eliminated the ehrlichiae. Macrophages from E. risticii-recovered mice were as effective as the C. parvum-activated cells in phagocytizing and eliminating the organism. Opsonization of E. risticii with homologous antiserum prior to inoculation of macrophage cultures resulted in enhancement of phagocytosis and greater suppression of E. risticii replication in all macrophage groups. These findings indicate that the pathogenesis of E. risticii infection centers on the ability of the organism to enter and replicate within the macrophage with avoidance of macrophage antimicrobial effects. An immune response results in macrophage activation with enhancement of the macrophage's ability to eliminate E. risticii. Opsonization of E. risticii with anti-E. risticii serum renders E. risticii more susceptible to macrophage destruction.
Formulation optimization and in vitro characterization of rifampicin and ceftriaxone dual drug loaded niosomes with high energy probe sonication technique (2020)

The aim of the present study was to prepare niosomal formulations for dual drug therapy of ceftriaxone sodium and poorly water-soluble rifampicin by the ecological probe sonication method. Pluronic L121 and Span 60 were used as surface active agents and the optimization of the composition was made with the aid of Design of Experiment (DoE) concept. Concentration levels of charge inducing agent, dicetylphosphate (DCP), and Pluronic L121 were studied as variables. Prepared niosomes with varying concentrations of DCP and Pluronic L121 resulted in small sized niosomes with sizes ranging from 165 nm to 893 nm. During the four weeks stability testing, the particle sizes of the empty niosomes were reduced, while the particle sizes of the drug loaded niosomes were increased very slightly. The optimized formulations resulted in stable niosomes with high drug entrapment efficiencies: entrapment efficiency was 99% for rifampicin and 96% for ceftriaxone. All the niosomal formulations showed faster in vitro drug release rates as compared to bulk drug formulations. In conclusion, ceftriaxone and rifampicin loaded niosomes prepared with Pluronic L121 and Span 60 resulted in stable, small sized niosomes with high drug entrapment efficiencies and improved drug release profiles.