gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse Delay Via Tunable White Light Cavities Using Fiber-Optic Resonators (2011)

Previously, we proposed a data buffering system that makes use of a pair of white light cavities. For application to telecommunication systems, it would be convenient to realize such a device using fiber-optic resonators. In this paper, we present the design of such a system, where the white light cavity effect is produced by using stimulated Brillouin scattering. The system consists of a pair of fiber-optic white light cavities placed in series. As in the original proposal, the delay time can be controlled independently of the bandwidth of the data pulses. Furthermore, we show how the bandwidth of the system can be made as large as several times the Brillouin frequency shift. We also show that the net delay achievable in such a buffer can be significantly larger than what can be achieved using a conventional recirculating loop buffer.
Continuous Flow Copper Laser Ablation Synthesis of Copper(I and II) Oxide Nanoparticles in Water (2019)

Copper(I) oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) nanoparticles (NPs) are selectively prepared in high yields under continuous flow in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), involving irradiation of a copper rod using a pulsed laser operating at 1064 nm and 600 mJ. The plasma plume generated inside a glass tube (20 mm O.D.), which is rapidly rotating (7.5 k rpm), reacts with the enclosed air in the microfluidic platform, with then high mass transfer of material into the dynamic thin film of water passing up the tube. The average size of the generated Cu<sub>2</sub>ONPs is 14 nm, and they are converted to copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11 nm by heating the as-prepared solution of Cu<sub>2</sub>ONPs in air at 50 °C for 10 h.
Epidemiology and Management of the 2013–16 West African Ebola Outbreak (2016)

The 2013-16 West African Ebola outbreak is the largest, most geographically dispersed, and deadliest on record, with 28,616 suspected cases and 11,310 deaths recorded to date in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. We provide a review of the epidemiology and management of the 2013-16 Ebola outbreak in West Africa aimed at stimulating reflection on lessons learned that may improve the response to the next international health crisis caused by a pathogen that emerges in a region of the world with a severely limited health care infrastructure. Surveillance efforts employing rapid and effective point-of-care diagnostics designed for environments that lack advanced laboratory infrastructure will greatly aid in early detection and containment efforts during future outbreaks. Introduction of effective therapeutics and vaccines against Ebola into the public health system and the biodefense armamentarium is of the highest priority if future outbreaks are to be adequately managed and contained in a timely manner.
Abstract 4634: Anthracycline based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are effective in cell lines resistant to auristatin based ADCs. (2013)

Abstract Anthracyclines are one of the most widely used classes of chemotherapy. With current success of antibody drug conjugates in the clinic, we were interested in anthracycline-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Anthracyclines currently used in systemic chemotherapy were ineffective as the ADC drug probably due to low potency of the drug. PNU-159682 was identified as a metabolic product of nemorubicin that was 700 to 2400 more potent in in vivo cytotoxicity assays than nemorubicin. We were interested to see if we could develop an effective anthracycline-based ADC using PNU-159682. For these proof of concept studies we selected the clinically validated linker maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzoyloxycarbonyl (MC-vc-PAB) used in the approved ADC brentuximab vedotin [anti-CD30-MC-vc-PAB-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)] and attached it to the primary alcohol of PNU-159682 to make NMS-249. For antibodies we selected the anti-CD22 and anti-CD79b antibodies that have been shown to be effective as MC-vc-PAB-MMAE ADCs in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of NHL. In xenograft models of NHL anti-CD22-NMS249 was as effective or more effective as anti-CD22-MC-vcPAB-MMAE. In particular WSU-DLCL2, where anti-CD22-MC-vc-PAB-MMAE was least effective, show the greatest difference between the two ADCs. To further explore if these the anti-CD22-NMS249 could be used for patients that had progressed on auristatin-based ADC, we developed two cell lines that were resistant to anti-CD22-MC-vc-PAB-MMAE by consistently treating xenograft models with increase amounts of ADC. After removing the resistant tumors and culturing the cells in vitro the cell lines retained their resistance in vivo to anti-CD22-MC-vc-PAB-MMAE but were also resistance to anti-CD79b-MC-vc-PAB-MMAE. This suggests the resistance was not target related and we found that CD22 expression was maintained in the resistant cell lines. Anti-CD22-NMS249 maintained its efficacy in the resistant cell lines. Microarray and FACs showed that the resistant cells lines were up-regulated in MDR1 (PgP). We found that in vivo, unlike other anthacyclines, PNU-159682 was not a PgP substrate this may explain the ability of the anti-CD22-NMS249 to overcome the resistance to anti-CD22-MC-vc-PAB-MMAE. These studies provide poof of concept for an anthracycline ADC that could be use in patients that have failed auristatin-based therapies. Citation Format: Andrew G. Polson, Bing Zheng, MaryAnn Go, Jeffery Lau, Shang-Fan Yu, Susan Spencer, Robert Cohen, Michele Caruso, John Flygare, Paul Polakis. Anthracycline based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are effective in cell lines resistant to auristatin based ADCs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4634. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4634
Decoding in Hyperbolic Spaces: LDPC Codes With Linear Rate and Efficient Error Correction (2013)

We analyze the four dimensional toric code in a hyperbolic space and show that it has a classical error correction procedure which runs in almost linear time and can be parallelized to almost constant time, giving an example of a quantum LDPC code with linear rate and efficient error correction.
High‐resolution ammonium ice core record covering a complete glacial‐interglacial cycle (1996)

High‐resolution ammonium measurements were performed along the Greenland Ice Core Program (GRIP) deep ice core, covering a complete climatic cycle. No overall anthropogenic increase is observed over the last 300 years; however, springtime concentrations have roughly doubled since 1950. Biomass burning is estimated to be a major source for ammonia emissions for preindustrial times. It contributes between 10% to 40% to the total ammonium deposited on the central Greenland ice sheet during the Holocene. No correlation is found between the ammonium summer concentrations recorded over the last 100 years and the area burned in northern North America, which is considered to be the main source area for ammonium deposited on the central Greenland ice sheet. This suggests that the meteorological factor is predominant for the pattern of ammonium spikes observed in the ice core. If unchanged meteorological conditions are assumed for the Holocene, as indicated by the δ 18 O ice record, a decreasing biomass burning activity toward present time can be derived from the ammonium ice record. Soil and vegetation emissions are responsible for the ammonium background concentrations in the ice. The record therefore may be used to trace back the biomass history of the North American continent. A pronounced decreasing trend in background ammonium is found during the Holocene, reflecting decreasing temperature and therefore lower NH 3 emissions in the source region. Variations in the ammonium concentration during the glacial age are discussed in terms of changes in transport and deposition mechanisms and changes in source strength, which can be related to the extent of the Laurentide ice sheet. The data suggest that the Laurentide ice sheet was built up immediately after the last interglacial and went through several large fluctuations during the last ice age.
Intertask communications in an integrated multirobot system (1987)

An integrated multirobot system (IMRS) consists of two or more robots, machinery, and sensors and is capable of executing almost all industrial processes with efficiency, flexibility, and reliability. Although the IMRS is motivated by an interesting application, it is essentially a distributed real-time processing system with various heterogeneous processes. To support a distributed modular architecture of the IMRS, low-level communication primitives are proposed along with their supporting language syntax which are typical of real-time concurrent programming languages. This is done by 1) carefully examining the generic structure and interactions of IMRS processes, 2) comparing and analyzing the primitives and syntax developed/proposed for general concurrent programming, and 3) using port-directed communications.
Catalogue des Ascomycètes récoltés dans la Loire. 3e partie Pyrénomycètes sensu lato et compléments. Contribution n°56 au programme d'inventaire national et de cartographie des Mycota français (2009)

Troisième et dernière partie du catalogue des Ascomycètes récoltés dans le département de la Loire, correspondant aux espèces appartenant aux classes Leotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes et Dothideomycetes, habituellement appelés pyrénomycètes au sens large. Une combinaison nouvelle est aussi proposée : Ophiocordyceps larvicola.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI is sensitive to variations in gas exchange impairment in patients with long haul COVID-19 (2023)

Many patients who recover from COVID-19 have symptoms that persist long after the acute phase of the disease has subsided, including fatigue and dyspnea on exertion. There is an unmet need for understanding the diverse cardiac and pulmonary causes of these symptoms and to monitor patients longitudinally. We imaged N=6 subjects with long-haul COVID using both cardiac MRI and hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI and spectroscopy. While cardiac imaging did not reveal structural or functional abnormalities, we observed a wide variety of findings on 129 Xe MRI, with subjects who had been hospitalized exhibiting the most pronounced gas exchange impairment.
MicroRNAs, new effectors and regulators of NF‐κB (2012)

Since its discovery 25 years ago, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has emerged as a transcription factor that controls diverse biological functions, ranging from inflammation to learning and memory. Activation of NF-κB initiates an elaborate genetic program. Some of the NF-κB-driven genes do not encode proteins but rather are precursors to microRNAs. These microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of the inflammatory process, some being inhibitory and others activating. Here, we discuss both the regulation of their expression and the function of some of these non-coding RNA genes. We also include a personal discussion of how NF-κB was first discovered.
Processing of sugar beets assisted by pulsed electric fields (2022)

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are becoming more and more popular in different applications in processing agricultural products. The PEF technology is based on the application of high voltage short pulses that allow electroporation in the cell membranes. This review outlines the PEF applications used in processing sugar beets. New perspective technologies of the cold or warm aqueous extraction of sugar, cold pressing of sugar beet cossettes, and combined pressing-diffusion process are discussed. Electroporation devices for pilot and industrial applications in the sugar beet industry are also presented.
Halogen bond-assisted self-assembly of gold nanoparticles in solution and on a planar surface (2019)

Halogen bonding (XB) has been shown to be a powerful tool for promoting molecular self-assembly in different fields. The use of XB for noncovalent assembly of inorganic nanoparticles (NP) is, instead, quite limited, considering how extensively other interactions (i.e., electrostatic forces, hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonding, etc.) have been exploited to modulate and program NP self-assembly. Here, we designed and synthesized XB-capable organic ligands that were efficiently used to functionalize the surface of gold NPs (AuNPs). XB-assisted AuNP self-assembly was attained in solution mixing AuNPs bearing XB-donor ligands with ditopic XB-acceptor molecules and AuNPs functionalized with XB-acceptor moieties. Likewise, a preliminary study of XB-driven adsorption of these AuNPs on surface was performed via Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D), used as an in situ tool for measuring mass changes upon XB-driven self-assembly.
A low‐spur harmonic‐cancelation digital predistortion based on neural network for frequency‐hopping HF transmitters (2023)

Abstract High frequency (HF) transmitter implemented with the multioctave broadband power amplifier (PA) is always faced with the problem of interfering harmonics because of the nonlinearity of the PA. With the harmonic‐cancelation digital predistortion (HC‐DPD) scheme, the harmonics at lower frequencies can be canceled by the injected components and the harmonics at higher frequencies can be filtered out using a low‐pass filter (LPF). However, the HC‐DPD scheme brings the problem of unwanted spurs while lowering the requirements for sampling rate. In this article, a time‐delay neural network (TDNN) model is used to replace the conventional memory polynomial (MP) model in the forward modeling. Theoretical derivation and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the TDNN model in harmonic cancelation and spur suppression. Further, a frequency‐agile neural network (FANN) model is proposed based on the TDNN model. By adding the carrier frequency to the inputs of the network, the trained model can apply to all the trained carrier frequencies and is more friendly to the frequency‐hopping scenarios. Experiments were carried out on a 2–30 MHz HF transmitter testbench. Measurement results show that the harmonic‐to‐fundamental power ratio, the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), and the error vector magnitude (EVM) performances were all improved by more than 20 dB. Compared with the MP model, the unwanted spurs can be suppressed by up to 22 dB. In addition, the number of total model coefficients of the proposed FANN model is only 22% of that of the TDNN model under the frequency‐hopping scenario.
In Search of a Vaccine for Mouse Allergy: Significant Reduction of Mus m 1 Allergenicity by Structure-Guided Single-Point Mutations (2011)

In silico predicted, minimum selected structural modifications allowed to design one protein with reduced allergenicity and preserved immunogenicity. Structurally guided mutations can direct the design of proteins with reduced allergenicity which can be used as vaccines for a safer and more effective immunotherapy of allergic disorders.
FPGA implementation of a lossless to lossy bitonal image compression system (2008)

This paper presents an FPGA implementation of a lossless to lossy image compression system that incorporates region of interest processing. Block Arithmetic Coder Image Compression is combined with Low-Latency Greedy Flipping Utilizing Forgetful Error Diffusion for loss introduction. The system allows for perfect quality, associated with lossless compression, or three levels of reduced image quality, high, medium and low, associated with various levels of loss introduction. Region of interest processing can be incorporated by adjusting the system parameters for maximum visual benefit.
Electron Localization and a Confined Electron Gas in Nanoporous Inorganic Electrides (2003)

The nanoporous main group oxide 12CaO.7Al(2)O3 (C12A7) can be transformed from a wide-gap insulator to an electride where electrons substitute anions in cages constituting a positive frame. Our ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of this novel material give a consistent explanation of its high conductivity and optical properties. They show that the electrons confined in the inert positive frame are localized in cages and undergo hopping between neighboring cages. The results are useful for the understanding of behavior of confined electron gas of different topology and electron-phonon coupling, and for designing new transparent conductors, electron emitters, and electrides.
A Comprehensive Model for Predicting Fatigue Life of Laser Welded Lap Joint of Galvanized High Strength Steel as a Function of Residual Stresses (2012)

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) multi-physics finite element model (FEM) to predict the fatigue life of a laser welded lap joint of dual phase (DP) 980 steel sheets based upon the level of residual stress. A FEM-based thermal analysis is first performed to numerically predict the welding-induced temperature field combined with the corresponding experimental verification. The temperature histories are then loaded into the mechanical model as thermal loading to numerically calculate the evolution curves of thermally induced stress in order to calculate the level of residual stresses after cooling to room temperature. In order to calculate the equivalent fatigue strength in the laser-welded lap joint, the resultant multi-axial stress (including the induced residual stress (RS) result) is loaded into the equivalent uni-axial stress equation via the Sine Method (SM) in order to achieve the stress curve as a function of the loading cycles. A series of fatigue tests of lap joints are also performed in order to achieve the S-N curves, from which an empirical function between the alternating stress and loading cycle is derived in order to predict the fatigue life of the DP980 lap joint. Finally, the maximum fatigue strength can be predicted numerically through the proposed FEM instead of using experimental trials. The numerical results show that a greater temperature gradient and residual stress are mainly located within the fusion zone (FZ) and close to the heat affected zone (HAZ). The residual stress plays an important role in deciding the final fatigue strength and failure of the DP980 lap joint. An X-ray diffraction technique is used to experimentally measure the residual stress distribution within the weld, for which the numerically predicted results exhibit a good agreement. Also, the numerical simulation and experimental measurements of the fatigue life versus the applied load show a good correlation of results.
The Effect of Insulin Feedback on Closed Loop Glucose Control (2011)

Insulin feedback can be implemented using a model estimate of concentration. Proportional integral derivative control with insulin feedback can achieve a desired breakfast response but still requires supplemental carbohydrate to be delivered in some instances. Studies assessing more optimal control configurations and safeguards need to be conducted.
Getting from whiteboard to white matter: Translational research tools for investigating neurological disease (2013)

The burden of neurological disease represents a large unmet need. Yet the application of medical technology to address these needs is often limited due to the lack of underlying neural data on natural pathophysiology and, in particular, its response to existing and potential treatments. This work describes the inherent constraints of medical device design in the evolving neurotechnology space, and proposes strategies that might help to overcome these limitations. We propose an approach of “biodiscovery,” which embodies the development and deployment of systems that allow simultaneous scientific investigation and therapeutic delivery. We illustrate our methodology with examples from both translated products and research tools being applied today.
Correction: Methamphetamine Inhibits Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Phagocytosis (2008)

Methamphetamine (Meth) is abused by over 35 million people worldwide. Chronic Meth abuse may be particularly devastating in individuals who engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners because it is associated with a 2-fold higher risk for obtaining HIV and associated secondary infections. We report the first specific evidence that Meth at pharmacological concentrations exerts a direct immunosuppressive effect on dendritic cells and macrophages. As a weak base, Meth collapses the pH gradient across acidic organelles, including lysosomes and associated autophagic organelles. This in turn inhibits receptor-mediated phagocytosis of antibody-coated particles, MHC class II antigen processing by the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, and antigen presentation to splenic T cells by dendritic cells. More importantly Meth facilitates intracellular replication and inhibits intracellular killing of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, two major AIDS-related pathogens. Meth exerts previously unreported direct immunosuppressive effects that contribute to increased risk of infection and exacerbate AIDS pathology.
In vivo Raman spectral pathology of human atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque (2006)

The rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque accounts for the majority of clinically significant acute cardiovascular events. Because stability of these culprit lesions is directly related to chemical and morphological composition, Raman spectroscopy may be a useful technique for their study. Recent developments in optical fiber probe technology have allowed for the real-time in vivo Raman spectroscopic characterization of human atherosclerotic plaque demonstrated in this work. We spectroscopically examine 74 sites during carotid endarterectomy and femoral artery bypass surgeries. Of these, 34 are surgically biopsied and examined histologically. Excellent signal-to-noise ratio spectra are obtained in only 1 s and fit with an established model, demonstrating accurate tissue characterization. We also report the first evidence that Raman spectroscopy has the potential to identify vulnerable plaque, achieving a sensitivity and specificity of 79 and 85%, respectively. These initial findings indicate that Raman spectroscopy has the potential to be a clinically relevant diagnostic tool for studying cardiovascular disease.
An env-like protein encoded by a Drosophila retroelement: evidence that gypsy is an infectious retrovirus. (1994)

The gypsy element of Drosophila differs from most LTR retrotransposons in containing a third open reading frame that resembles retroviral env genes. The protein encoded by ORF3 is glycosylated and processed, like all retroviral envelope proteins. The protein is expressed at high levels in fly strains in which gypsy elements are active. In these strains the protein is found primarily in viral particles. When larvae of fly strains in which gypsy is normally inactive are exposed to sucrose gradient fractions containing these particles, a high level of gypsy insertion activity is observed in their progeny. Thus, gypsy has the expected properties of an insect retrovirus.
Ultrafast progressive breakdown associated with metal-like filament formation of a breakdown path in a HfO2∕TaN∕TiN transistor (2006)

Ultrafast progressive breakdown has been observed in a TaN∕TiN metal gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) compared to a polycrystalline silicon gate MOSFET. Physical analysis by transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization shows that the ultrafast progressive breakdown is likely to be associated with a metal-like filament formation of the breakdown path. It has been observed that the metal-like filament of the breakdown path is detrimental to the metal gate MOSFET progressive breakdown lifetime.