gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning via Replica Stacking of Quantum Measurements for the Training of Quantum Boltzmann Machines (2018)

Recent theoretical and experimental results suggest the possibility of using current and near-future quantum hardware in challenging sampling tasks. In this paper, we introduce free-energy-based reinforcement learning (FERL) as an application of quantum hardware. We propose a method for processing a quantum annealer’s measured qubit spin configurations in approximating the free energy of a quantum Boltzmann machine (QBM). We then apply this method to perform reinforcement learning on the grid-world problem using the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer. The experimental results show that our technique is a promising method for harnessing the power of quantum sampling in reinforcement learning tasks.
Observation of WWW Production in pp Collisions at s=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector (2022)

This Letter reports the observation of WWW production and a measurement of its cross section using 139 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. Events from WWW production are observed with a significance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standard deviations. The inclusive WWW production cross section is measured to be 820 AE 100 stat AE 80 syst fb, approximately 2.6 standard deviations from the predicted cross section of 511 AE 18 fb calculated at next-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy.
Synthesis of ABA Triblock Copolymers via Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization Using a Bimetallic Initiator:  Influence of a Flexible Spacer in the Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Block (2006)

A series of monomers with side chain liquid crystals (SCLCs) were synthesized for ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The liquid crystals (LCs) used were 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-methoxyphenyl ester (MPOB-H), which is known to exhibit a nematic liquid crystalline phase, and biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid 4-(1-butoxycarbonylethoxy)phenyl ester (BPP4-H), which is known to exhibit a smectic phase. The side chains differed in spacer length, spacer type, and the nature of the LC. Monomers were polymerized using a bimetallic ROMP initiator [Mo(NAr)(OCMe3)2CH]2C6H4 (where Ar = 2,6-diisopropyl phenyl); both homopolymers and ABA type triblock copolymers, where the B block is the LC functional monomer, and A is methyltetracyclodocene (MTD) were prepared. The polymers gave unimodal peak distributions with polydispersities <1.22. Incorporation of a polyoxyethylene spacer decreased the glass transition temperature of the polymer block to −25 from +20 °C, the Tg when an alkyl spacer was used. Although no distinct LC phase was observed with the polyoxyethylene spacer when MPOB was used, when BPP4 was attached via a polyoxyethylene spacer, a distinct liquid crystalline transition was observed. Polymers with an alkyl spacer exhibited liquid crystalline behavior and good phase segregation on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering studies.
[The role of discharge coordination nurses in a university hospital--changes in the role with timing of the discharge request]. (1999)

It was clarified that type 3 provided the best outcome of discharge planning.
Sparse and composite coherent lattices (2005)

A method is described that yields a series of $(D+1)$-element wave-vector sets giving rise to ($D=2$ or 3)-dimensional coherent sparse lattices of any desired Bravais symmetry and primitive cell shape, but of increasing period relative to the excitation wavelength. By applying lattice symmetry operations to any of these sets, composite lattices of $N&gt;D+1$ waves are constructed, having increased spatial frequency content but unchanged crystal group symmetry and periodicity. Optical lattices of widely spaced excitation maxima of diffraction-limited confinement and controllable polarization can thereby be created, possibly useful for quantum optics, lithography, or multifocal microscopy.
Scalable image embeddings from arbitrary wavelet-based perceptual models (2004)

Embedded image coding is a compression technique that yields bit streams robust to truncation. The first embedded wavelet-based compression algorithms were designed to optimize for mean-squared-error (MSE). More recent algorithms incorporate a variety of perceptually-based optimization criteria, which are implemented by selecting subband quantization step-sizes based on a target quality (and therefore rate). Since these step-sizes vary with rate, a bit stream optimized for a specific rate, if truncated, does not necessarily reflect the perceptual quality achievable at this lower rate. Constraints are given under which a wavelet-based perceptual model can generate an embedded image representation yielding perceptually derived results over a range of rates. This kind of embedding is implemented by strategically selecting the order in which subband bit planes are coded. When truncated, the resulting embedded streams provide perceptually tuned images.
Relation Mining in the Biomedical Domain using Entity-level Semantics (2012)

This work explores the use of semantic information from background knowledge sources for the task of relation mining between medical entities such as diseases, drugs, and their functional effects/actions. We hypothesize that the semantics of medical entities, and the information about them in different knowledge sources play an important role in determining their interactions and can thus be exploited to infer relations between these entities. We capture entities' semantics using a number of resources such as Wikipedia, UMLS Semantic Network, MEDCIN, MeSH and SNOMED. De-pending on coverage and specificity of the resources, and features of interest, different classifiers are learnt. An ensemble based approach is then used to fuse together individual predictions. Using a human-curated ontology as the gold standard, the proposed approach has been used to recognize ten medical relations of interest. We show that the proposed approach achieves substantial improvements in both coverage and performance over a distant supervision based baseline that uses sentence-level information. Finally, we also show that even a simple ensemble approach that combines all the semantic information is able to get the best coverage and performance.
Genome-wide association and longitudinal analyses reveal genetic loci linking pubertal height growth, pubertal timing and childhood adiposity (2013)

The pubertal height growth spurt is a distinctive feature of childhood growth reflecting both the central onset of puberty and local growth factors. Although little is known about the underlying genetics, growth variability during puberty correlates with adult risks for hormone-dependent cancer and adverse cardiometabolic health. The only gene so far associated with pubertal height growth, LIN28B, pleiotropically influences childhood growth, puberty and cancer progression, pointing to shared underlying mechanisms. To discover genetic loci influencing pubertal height and growth and to place them in context of overall growth and maturation, we performed genome-wide association meta-analyses in 18 737 European samples utilizing longitudinally collected height measurements. We found significant associations (P < 1.67 × 10(-8)) at 10 loci, including LIN28B. Five loci associated with pubertal timing, all impacting multiple aspects of growth. In particular, a novel variant correlated with expression of MAPK3, and associated both with increased prepubertal growth and earlier menarche. Another variant near ADCY3-POMC associated with increased body mass index, reduced pubertal growth and earlier puberty. Whereas epidemiological correlations suggest that early puberty marks a pathway from rapid prepubertal growth to reduced final height and adult obesity, our study shows that individual loci associating with pubertal growth have variable longitudinal growth patterns that may differ from epidemiological observations. Overall, this study uncovers part of the complex genetic architecture linking pubertal height growth, the timing of puberty and childhood obesity and provides new information to pinpoint processes linking these traits.
First Demonstration of Symmetric 10-Gb/s Access Networks Architecture based on Silicon Microring Single Sideband Modulation for Efficient Upstream Signal Re-modulation (2011)

We demonstrate an optical access network utilizing downstream silicon microring single-sideband modulation and upstream phase-remodulation of a centrally distributed carrier. Rayleigh-backscattering is suppressed by using the destructive port of the delay-interferometer demodulating the upstream signal.
TFT and Physical Properties of Poly-Crystalline Silicon Prepared by Very Low Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (VLPCVD) (1991)

This paper investigates the role of silane partial pressure (PSiH4) in VLPCVD on the as-deposited poly-Si film quality. The film quality strongly depends on the PSiH4 when deposition temperature is kept constant. Higher pressure and excessively lower pressure have been found to be not adequate for thin film transistors (TFTs). By optimizing the deposition conditions, excellent TFTs can be fabricated through a low temperature process without relying on any other special processes. This paper also suggests the possibility of further improvement of as-deposited poly-Si films.
Spiro-fused Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, and Oxindole Scaffolds from Lactams (2012)

Expedient routes to three classes of novel spiro-fused pyrrolidine, piperidine, and indoline heterocycle scaffolds are described. These three-dimensional frameworks, which conform to the "rule of three", are suitably protected to allow for site-selective manipulation and functionalization. Different modes of substrate control were explored, which allow for good to excellent levels of diastereoselectivity and dispense with the need for additional chiral reagents or catalysts. The concepts developed were applied in short, formal syntheses of (±)-coerulescine and (±)-horsfiline.
Dose–response relationship between protein intake and muscle mass increase: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2020)

UMIN registration number UMIN000039285.
A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors (2014)

A High Content Imaging Assay For Identification Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Hybrid Molecular and Spin-Semiconductor Based Research (2005)

This project has three thrusts. Thrust I is entitled "Integrated Bacteriorhodopsin-Based Photodetectors" and its objective is to enable a new class of optoelectronic devices by combining the versatility of genetically engineered biomolecules with the power of microelectronics. Thrust II is entitled "Spintronics and Magnetoelectronics" and its objective is to enable a new class of semiconductor-based spintronic devices. Thrust III is entitled "Molecular Electronics" and its objective is to develop, characterize and model organic/inorganic heterostructures and to identify novel device structures based on these systems. The most important results and publications are summarized in this report.
TREATMENT OF B-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH I-131 LABELED MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES. (1987)

Eary, J. F.; Badger, C. C.; Press, O.; Brown, S.; Davis, J.; Appelbaum, F.; Nelp, W.; Krohn, K.; Fisher, D.; Miller, R.; Levy, R.; Bernstein, I. Author Information
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor–induced defects in DNA repair sensitize FLT3(ITD)-positive leukemia cells to PARP1 inhibitors (2018)

Mutations in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), such as internal tandem duplications (ITDs), can be found in up to 23% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and confer a poor prognosis. Current treatment options for FLT3(ITD)-positive AMLs include genotoxic therapy and FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i's), which are rarely curative. PARP1 inhibitors (PARP1i's) have been successfully applied to induce synthetic lethality in tumors harboring BRCA1/2 mutations and displaying homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. We show here that inhibition of FLT3(ITD) activity by the FLT3i AC220 caused downregulation of DNA repair proteins BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51, and LIG4, resulting in inhibition of 2 major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, HR, and nonhomologous end-joining. PARP1i, olaparib, and BMN673 caused accumulation of lethal DSBs and cell death in AC220-treated FLT3(ITD)-positive leukemia cells, thus mimicking synthetic lethality. Moreover, the combination of FLT3i and PARP1i eliminated FLT3(ITD)-positive quiescent and proliferating leukemia stem cells, as well as leukemic progenitors, from human and mouse leukemia samples. Notably, the combination of AC220 and BMN673 significantly delayed disease onset and effectively reduced leukemia-initiating cells in an FLT3(ITD)-positive primary AML xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, we postulate that FLT3i-induced deficiencies in DSB repair pathways sensitize FLT3(ITD)-positive AML cells to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP1i's. Therefore, FLT3(ITD) could be used as a precision medicine marker for identifying AML patients that may benefit from a therapeutic regimen combining FLT3 and PARP1i's.
Reduced Environmental Redox Potential Affects Both Transcription and Expression of the Pap Pili Gene (1992)

Pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap) gene expression is subject to a phase variation control mechanism by which cells alternate between two pili-expression states, viz. a ‘phase-off’ (pili-) and a ‘phase-on’ (pili +) state. During interaction with a host, Escherichia coli encounter various environmental redox conditions. We have addressed the question of whether bacteria arc able to respond to this environmental signal by regulating pap pili biogenesis, a crucial colonisation factor in pyelonephritis. Transcription from the PapB promoter (papBAp) was studied in the Salmonella typhimurium papB Ap lac fusion lysogen strain under aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this strain, the β-galactosidase gene is under the control of the papB promoter that initiates transcription of both the papB gene encoding the regulatory papB protein and the papA gene encoding the structural pilin protein. The frequency of switching from the Lac+ (papBAp ‘on’) to the Lac- (papBAp ‘off’) state was about 1.3-fold higher when the environmental redox potential was reduced by changing from aerobic to microaerobic and anaerobic growth milieus. The β-galactosidase activity representing the rate of transcriptional initiation from the papB promoter was, as calculated per 108 Lac+ bacteria, more than 12-fold higher in aerobically cultivated bacteria than in bacteria cultured under microaerobic or anaerobic conditions. Pap pili adhesin expression was measured under the same redox conditions, using E. coli K12 HB101 pPap 5 containing a plasmid coding for whole pap pili operon. The strongest pap pili expression, measured as agglutination of latex gal-gal beads, was observed under microaerobic conditions similar to those found in the urinary tract. Under anaerobic conditions like those prevalent in the intestine, pap pili expression was negligible. This is not surprising, since such expression would not represent an ecological advantage for E. coli. In fact, repression of these types of fimbriae under anaerobic conditions may be a way in which the bacteria can save energy which can then be used to promote growth. Although the two genetic models used for transcription and expression studies are distinct, a high rate of transcription did not seem to correlate with optimal pili expression. This may indicate the importance of the post-transcriptional processing in pap pili expression.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to the Synthesis of β2‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Highly Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Aminomethylacrylates. (2010)

Abstract The asymmetric hydrogenations of α‐(aminomethyl)acrylates using rhodium(Et‐DuPHOS) catalysts give the corresponding β 2 ‐amino acids with up to &lt;99.5% e.e.
Subfemtomole quantitation of molecular adsorbates by two-step laser mass spectrometry (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubfemtomole quantitation of molecular adsorbates by two-step laser mass spectrometryJong Hoon Hahn, Renato Zenobi, and Richard N. ZareCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 9, 2842–2843Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00243a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00243a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of artificial neural networks for eye-height/width prediction from s-parameters (2014)

Signal speeds of high speed serial data links double almost every generation and with increasing speeds, simulation and modeling challenges are getting more complex. The present popular and widely accepted metric for simulating a high speed link from signal integrity (SI) perspective is Bit Error Rate (BER) testing. SI engineers look at eye-height and eye-width to determine the quality of an interface for a given set of design parameters. In order to perform BER simulations, time domain simulations need to be performed over billions of bits for serial links using statistical approaches and these simulations are time, processing power and memory intensive. Design of Experiments (DoE) is typically used to decrease the number of time-domain simulations needed to cover the design space, however it is sometimes in-accurate as compared to full-factorial design sweeps. End to end channel simulation in frequency domain is much faster and less resource intensive. In this paper, a DoE based set of channel parameters are simulated in both time-domain and frequency-domain to train a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) type of artificial neural network (ANN) to predict eye-height from frequency domain metrics like return loss (RL) and insertion loss (IL). This results in a significant speed-up towards a more accurate all corner study as compared to DoE based analysis.
An optomechanical accelerometer with a high-finesse hemispherical optical cavity (2016)

A new design for an optomechanical accelerometer is presented. The design includes a hemispherical optical cavity that can achieve high finesse and a proof mass that is well-constrained by silicon nitride beams. Based on previous work and analysis, the resolution of the accelerometer will be below 1 μg/rt-Hz. Novel MEMS fabrication processes have been developed for the accelerometer that provide optimized optical and mechanical elements. The optical cavity in the accelerometer has been characterized and a tunable laser has been locked to the cavity, thereby demonstrating the possibility for closed-loop operation of the accelerometer.
Combined Inhibition of Complement and CD14 Efficiently Attenuated the Inflammatory Response Induced by Staphylococcus aureus in a Human Whole Blood Model (2014)

The complement and TLR systems are activated in sepsis, contributing to an unfavorable inflammatory "storm." Combined inhibition of these systems has been documented to efficiently attenuate the inflammatory responses induced by Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we hypothesized that the combined inhibition would attenuate the inflammatory responses induced by Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (strains Cowan and Wood), as well as S. aureus cell wall lipoteichoic acid (LTA), were incubated in thrombin-inhibited human whole blood. Complement was inhibited at the level of C3 and C5, and the TLRs by inhibiting CD14 and TLR2. Thirty-four inflammatory markers were measured by multiplex technology and flow cytometry. Thirteen markers increased significantly in response to Cowan and Wood, and 12 in response to LTA. Combined inhibition with the C3 inhibitor compstatin and the anti-CD14 Ab 18D11 significantly reduced 92 (Cowan, LTA) and 85% (Wood) of these markers. Compstatin alone significantly reduced 54 (Cowan), 38 (Wood), and 83% (LTA), whereas anti-CD14 alone significantly reduced 23, 15, and 67%, respectively. Further experiments showed that the effects of complement inhibition were mainly due to inhibition of C5a interaction with the C5a receptor. The effects on inhibiting CD14 and TLR2 were similar. The combined regimen was more efficient toward the bacterial effects than either complement or anti-CD14 inhibition alone. Complement was responsible for activation of and phagocytosis by both granulocytes and monocytes. Disrupting upstream recognition by inhibiting complement and CD14 efficiently attenuated S. aureus-induced inflammation and might be a promising treatment in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis.