gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROCKETS - a novel one-for-all toolbox for light sheet microscopy in drug discovery (2022)

Abstract Advancing novel immunotherapy strategies requires refined tools in preclinical research to thoroughly assess drug targets, biodistribution, safety, and efficacy. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) offers unprecedented fast volumetric ex vivo imaging of large tissue samples in high resolution. Yet, to date laborious and unstandardized tissue processing procedures have limited throughput and broader applications in immunological research. Therefore, we have developed a simple and harmonized protocol for processing, clearing and imaging of all mouse organs and even entire mouse bodies. Applying this Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in combination with LSFM allowed us to comprehensively study the in vivo biodistribution of an antibody targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) in 3D. Quantitative high-resolution scans of whole organs did not only reveal known EpCAM expression patterns but, importantly, uncovered several new EpCAM-binding sites. We identified choroid plexi in the brain and duodenal papillae as unexpected locations of high EpCAM-expression. These tissue locations may be considered as particularly sensitive sites due their importance for liquor production or as critical junctions draining bile and digestive pancreatic enzymes into the small bowel, respectively. These newly gained insights appear highly relevant for clinical translation of EpCAM-addressing immunotherapies. Thus, ROCKETS in combination with LSFM may help to set new standards for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic strategies. Conclusively, we propose ROCKETS as an ideal platform for a broader application of LSFM in immunological research optimally suited for quantitative co-localization studies of immunotherapeutic drugs and defined cell populations in the microanatomical context of organs or even whole mice.
Assessment of fiber optic pressure sensors (1995)

This report presents the results of a six-month Phase 1 study to establish the state-of-the-art in fiber optic pressure sensing and describes the design and principle of operation of various fiber optic pressure sensors. This study involved a literature review, contact with experts in the field, an industrial survey, a site visit to a fiber optic sensor manufacturer, and laboratory testing of a fiber optic pressure sensor. The laboratory work involved both static and dynamic performance tests. In addition, current requirements for environmental and seismic qualification of sensors for nuclear power plants were reviewed to determine the extent of the qualification tests that fiber optic pressure sensors may have to meet before they can be used in nuclear power plants. This project has concluded that fiber optic pressure sensors are still in the research and development stage and only a few manufacturers exist in the US and abroad which supply suitable fiber optic pressure sensors for industrial applications. Presently, fiber optic pressure sensors are mostly used in special applications for which conventional sensors are not able to meet the requirements.
Electro-optic modulation with a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanocavity (2010)

The resonance of a quantum-dot strongly coupled to a photonic-crystal cavity is electrically controlled. This effect is employed to demonstrate an electro-optic modulator operating at 1fJ/bit control energy and speed of 150MHz.
Micturition Patterns After Spinal Trauma As A Measure Of Autonomic Functional Recovery (1994)

The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether experimental spinal trauma would result in urological dysfunction similar to that seen clinically and whether recovery of normal micturition can be correlated with motor functional recovery. A standard rat model of spinal impact trauma was employed. Neurologic evaluation included a modified 7 point hindlimb Tarlov scale applied weekly for 4 weeks after injury. Micturition measurement was accomplished by placing the animal in a metabolic cage for 24-hour periods and collecting urine on an electronic scale connected to Lotus Measure data acquisition software. All assessments were performed in a blinded fashion. Animals were categorized as normal control (N = 10), sham injured (N = 11), spinal cord injury (SCI) without (N = 11) and with locomotor recovery (N = 11). There were no differences in total micturition volume among the 4 groups, while the number of micturitions per 24 hours was significantly less for SCI without locomotor recovery (10.4 +/- 5.9) than for control (21.3 +/- 4.5). The volume per micturition was significantly greater for SCI (2.0 +/- 0.7 ml.) than for control (0.8 +/- 0.2 ml.). There were no differences among groups in the ratio of number of micturitions night/day. The SCI group had significantly greater largest and smallest micturitional volumes. Results clearly show alterations in micturition patterns induced by SCI. These were proportional to, but did not correlate fully with, the severity of injury and degree of motor recovery. Thus, recovery of a normal micturition pattern did not occur to the same extent as did motor functional recovery. This difference underscores the potential value of autonomic measures of SCI for distinguishing outcome categories after experimental SCI.
Doping level and type of GaInP saturable absorbing layers for realizing pulsating 650-nm-band AlGaInP laser diodes (1998)

On AlGaInP laser diodes, the doping level and type of GaInP saturable absorbing (SA) layers suitable for self sustained pulsation are clarified. Optical properties of n- and p-type GaInP quantum wells (QWs) have been evaluated by means of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy. As the doping level becomes higher, the recombination lifetime becomes shorter, and it can be reduced to 1.1 ns at our highest doping level (1=2/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/). For highly doped n-type QW, a PL peak energy shift as large as 26 meV is observed by high-density excitation. Highly doped p-type SA layer is suitable for self-sustained pulsating laser diodes, because it offers short recombination lifetime and no Burstein shift under highly excited condition.
The Compilation of Decision Models (2013)

We introduce and analyze the problem of the compilation of decision models from a decision-theoretic perspective. The techniques described allow us to evaluate various configurations of compiled knowledge given the nature of evidential relationships in a domain, the utilities associated with alternative actions, the costs of run-time delays, and the costs of memory. We describe procedures for selecting a subset of the total observations available to be incorporated into a compiled situation-action mapping, in the context of a binary decision with conditional independence of evidence. The methods allow us to incrementally select the best pieces of evidence to add to the set of compiled knowledge in an engineering setting. After presenting several approaches to compilation, we exercise one of the methods to provide insight into the relationship between the distribution over weights of evidence and the preferred degree of compilation.
A Framework for Hardware Efficient Reusable IP Core for Grayscale Image CODEC (2017)

This paper proposes two major novelties. First, we provide a mathematical framework for hardware resource efficient IP core-based image compression and decompression (CODEC). The framework includes CODEC functions that are capable of determining the pixel intensities of a compressed gray scale image using significantly lesser hardware resources. Digital pixel values of the original image are fed as an input to the functions of proposed IP framework and compressed digital pixel values of compressed image generated. Similarly, digital pixel values of the compressed image are fed into other functions of the proposed framework for image decompression. Second, the second novelty is using the derived IP functions to propose designs of reusable IP cores for complete Haar wavelet transformation (HWT)-based lossy image CODEC. Testing of images from various data sets (NASA, medical applications, and so on) in terms of hardware resources, image quality, and compression efficiency have indicated that the proposed IP core framework was successful in achieving hardware efficient CODEC compared with JPEG and conventional HWT CODECs.
Overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary structural studies ofp-coumaric acid decarboxylase fromLactobacillus plantarum (2007)

The substrate-inducible p-coumaric acid decarboxylase (PDC) from Lactobacillus plantarum has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and confirmed to possess decarboxylase activity. The recombinant His(6)-tagged enzyme was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method from a solution containing 20%(w/v) PEG 4000, 12%(w/v) 2-propanol, 0.2 M sodium acetate, 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.0 with 0.1 M barium chloride as an additive. Diffraction data were collected in-house to 2.04 A resolution. Crystals belonged to the tetragonal space group P4(3), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 43.15, c = 231.86 A. The estimated Matthews coefficient was 2.36 A(3) Da(-1), corresponding to 48% solvent content, which is consistent with the presence of two protein molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure of PDC has been determined by the molecular-replacement method. Currently, the structure of PDC complexed with substrate analogues is in progress, with the aim of elucidating the structural basis of the catalytic mechanism.
A 32*32-bit multiplier using multiple-valued MOS current-mode circuits (1988)

A 32*32-bit multiplier using multiple-valued current-mode circuits has been fabricated in 2- mu m CMOS technology. For the multiplier based on the radix-4 signed-digit number system, 32*32-bit two's complement multiplication can be performed with only three-stage signed-digit full adders using a binary-tree addition scheme. The chip contains about 23600 transistors and the effective multiplier size is about 3.2*5.2 mm/sup 2/, which is half that of the corresponding binary CMOS multiplier. The multiply time is less than 59 ns. The performance is considered comparable to that of the fastest binary multiplier reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design Approach for Powerline Channels (2013)

The HomePlug AV PHY and MAC Layers were jointly designed to address the unique properties and challenges of powerline channels. Various problems are addressed to communicate reliably on the powerline medium at data rates relatively close to capacity and with Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. For example, the framing and segmentation process in HomePlug AV was tied directly to the Forward Error Correction coding (FEC) and channel interleaving so that only the portion of frames that experienced decoding failure need to be retransmitted. Another example is that the HomePlug AV MAC Beacon Period was defined to be synchronous to the powerline frequency to facilitate, among other things, being able to support different bit-loading maps for different phases of the AC powerline cycle. The chapter provides details on the power line communication (PLC) channel characteristics and the solutions adopted in HomePlug AV to address them. Controlled Vocabulary Terms carrier transmission on power lines; communication channels; forward error correction; home networks; media access protocol
Localized morphological brain differences between English-speaking Caucasians and Chinese-speaking Asians: new evidence of anatomical plasticity (2003)

Deformation field morphometry was applied to magnetic resonance images to detect differences in brain shape between English-speaking Caucasians and Chinese-speaking Asians. Anatomical differences between these two groups were limited to gyri in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, which are known (through functional imaging studies) to differentiate Chinese speakers from English speakers. We interpret these anatomical differences as evidence of neural plasticity shaped by the process of language acquisition during childhood.While anatomical plasticity due to manual skill acquisition (e.g. in musicians) has been established, to our knowledge this is the first report of a brain anatomical difference attributable to a learned cognitive strategy. NeuroReport 14:961–964 © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
A compact mobile handsets MIMO/diversity antenna for GSM1800 and WiMAX applications (2017)

A compact MIMO/Diversity antenna mobile handsets is presented with two radiating elements for GSM1800 and wireless interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) applications for hand held devices. The radiating elements consist of planar inverted F-antenna (PIFA) loaded with L and J-shaped slot. The L-slot is responsible for WiMAX frequency band and the J-slot along with L-slot is responsible for GSM1800 frequency band as well WiMAX frequency band. The proposed MIMO antenna covers GSM1800 (1740–1885 MHz) and WiMAX (3250–3805 MHz). The defected ground structure (DGS) is used to enhance the isolation between multi antenna elements. The proposed antenna provides low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) i.e. 0.002. The results S-parameters, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and radiation patterns are presented in the manuscript.
Nano‐Sized Calcium Phosphate Particles for Periodontal Gene Therapy (2012)

NCaPP demonstrated higher levels of biocompatibility and efficiently transfected PDGF plasmids into fibroblasts under described in vitro conditions.
Towards Augmented Reality Applications in a Mobile Web Context (2014)

Mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications are becoming reality due to the rapid evolution of mobile devices and their capacities. In this paper, we introduce MARW, a development framework for MAR applications on a Web browser. Use of the Web browser technology enables running the same MAR applications on all mobile platform and operating system configurations. The performance of the implemented MARW prototype was evaluated with several experiments using multiple mobile device and Web browser combinations. Based on the experimentation results, a maximum number of 12 frames per second were achieved with a high-end tablet device in vision-based tracking using markers. It was also discovered that the performance differences between Web browsers are significant in terms of MAR application performance.
A reliable method for calculating RF coil performance (2009)

Introduction: Electromagnetic (EM) simulation is a valuable tool for predicting and evaluating the radiofrequency (RF) field inside the human head during an MRI experiment. At high field strength, knowledge of coil performance, defined as B1+ field magnitude per RF voltage applied to coil input, is vital for reliable definition of SAR, monitoring of SAR, and coil optimization. Experimental confirmation of coil performance simulations is essential, using well-characterized and relatively realistic phantoms. Earlier studies [1, 2, 3] have used textbook values for phantom EM properties, and have generally assumed the phantom dimensions. They also compared only scaled B1+ profiles, normalizing the maximum amplitude of simulated and experimental data. For reliable prediction of transmit coil performance, additional factors must be considered. These include the exact position and shape of the phantom within the coil, precise values for the actual phantom EM properties, full details of the RF pulse shape used in experimental B1+ profiling, and measured losses between the coil input and the point where the RF pulse amplitude is monitored by the scanner hardware. Method: The simulations were performed in CST Studio Suite 2008. The coil 3-D EM model includes all construction details for the resonance elements, simulated with realistic dimensions and material electrical properties. The shape of the phantom was obtained using a 3D TurboFLASH scan. The MRI data was segmented with MatLab and exported in an appropriate format. To determine the position of the phantom inside the coil, gel markers were attached to the coil. With the help of these markers, the translation vector from the scanner coordinate system to that of the coil was determined. The phantom tissue EM properties were measured using the reflection technique with the Agilent network analyzer, HB8510 [5]. The simulated B1sim field magnitude was calculated for a voltage Vsim= 20 V applied to the coil input, and coil performance was estimated as Cp_sim= B1 + sim/ Vsim. The magnitude of B1+ was mapped experimentally by applying rectangular RF pulses with amplitude Vtales=33.3 V (measured at the Transmit Antenna Level Sensor (TALES)) and pulse length τ =2.56 ms. Insko’s double angle method [6] was employed, for which B1exp = φ / γτ , where φ is the flip angle, and γ is the gyromagnetic ratio. There is a measured loss of about 2.8 db in total (i.e. attenuation factor Kloss=1.38) between the TALES and the coil input (Fig.1). Including this loss, the actual coil performance could be estimated as Cp_exp= B1 + exp/ (Vtales/Kloss). Results and Discussion: The experiments were performed using a Siemens 7T whole body scanner with a commercially available
Abstract 1555: Monoclonal antibodies targeting the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (2019)

The TAM receptors (Tyro3/Axl/MerTK) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important negative regulators of innate immunity. TAM receptor activation in myeloid cells by its ligands Gas6 or Protein S (PROS) promotes phosphatidylserine-dependent efferocytosis of apoptotic cells, inducing a tolerogenic state and mediating resolution of inflammation. TAM-deficient mice exhibit phenotypes consistent with systemic inflammation and autoimmunity. Importantly, individual ablation of TAM receptors can confer tumor immunity, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor lymphocyte infiltration, leading to the proposal that TAM receptors act as checkpoints of innate immunity. We hypothesize that pharmacological targeting of this family of receptors with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may lead to a similar pro-inflammatory response and recapitulate the antitumor effects observed in TAM-deficient mice. From a panel of human anti-MerTK, Axl or Tyro3 mAbs derived from phage-display libraries or human IgG expressing mice we identified unique mAbs that markedly enhanced cytokine and chemokine release from primary human immune cells, alone or in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. Interestingly, the qualitative and quantitative pattern of cytokine response from dendritic cells was very similar using antibodies targeting the individual TAM receptors, and also similar to activation of dendritic cells using a CD40 agonist mAb, suggesting that TAM-targeting mAbs can promote immune activation. We identified surrogate mAbs targeting mouse TAM receptors that elicited similar responses in vivo, and demonstrated antitumor activity when dosed alone, or in combination with PD-1/L1 blockade in syngeneic tumor models. In addition, human MerTK transgenic, and TAM knockout mice have been generated and characterized in order to establish in vivo proof-of-concept with human TAM mAbs. Overall, pharmacological modulation of TAM receptors with mAbs enhances cytokine production in human and murine model systems consistent with the published role of TAMs as negative regulators of innate immunity. Mechanistic and proof-of-concept studies support further development of these mAbs as novel approaches to overcome these checkpoints of the innate immune response.Citation Format: Diego Alvarado, Laura Vitale, Mike Murphy, Thomas O'Neill, Andrew Proffitt, Jay Lillquist, Gwenda Ligon, Komal Patel, Anna Wasiuk, Jeff Weidlick, Jenifer Widger, Laura Mills-Chen, Andrea Crocker, Colleen Patterson, Russell A. Hammond, Li-Zhen He, Joel Goldstein, Lawrence J. Thomas, Henry C. Marsh, Tibor Keler, Richard Gedrich. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1555.
An Anti CuO2‐type Metal Hydride Square Net Structure in Ln2M2As2Hx (Ln=La or Sm, M=Ti, V, Cr, or Mn) (2014)

Using a high pressure technique and the strong donating nature of H(-), a new series of tetragonal La2Fe2Se2O3-type layered mixed-anion arsenides, Ln2M2As2H(x), was synthesized (Ln=La or Sm, M=Ti, V, Cr, or Mn; x≈3). In these compounds, an unusual M2H square net, which has anti CuO2 square net structures accompanying two As(3-) ions, is sandwiched by (LaH)2 fluorite layers. Notably, strong metal-metal bonding with a distance of 2.80 Å was confirmed in La2Ti2As2H2.3, which has metallic properties. In fact, these compounds are situated near the boundary between salt-like ionic hydrides and transition-metal hydrides with metallic characters.
Avoiding core's DUE & SDC via acoustic wave detectors and tailored error containment and recovery (2014)

The trend of downsizing transistors and operating voltage scaling has made the processor chip more sensitive against radiation phenomena making soft errors an important challenge. New reliability techniques for handling soft errors in the logic and memories that allow meeting the desired failures-in-time (FIT) target are key to keep harnessing the benefits of Moore's law. The failure to scale the soft error rate caused by particle strikes, may soon limit the total number of cores that one may have running at the same time This paper proposes a light-weight and scalable architecture to eliminate silent data corruption errors (SDC) and detected unrecoverable errors (DUE) of a core. The architecture uses acoustic wave detectors for error detection. We propose to recover by confining the errors in the cache hierarchy, allowing us to deal with the relatively long detection latencies. Our results show that the proposed mechanism protects the whole core (logic, latches and memory arrays) incurring performance overhead as low as 0.60%
<title>Optical interconnect and neural network applications based on a simplified holographic N4 recording technique</title> (1991)

This paper presents a large-scale static holographic optical neural network (HONN) based on volume holographic materials. A 1024 neuron HONN has been experimentally demonstrated for pattern recognition operations. It is possible to build a compact size and cost-effective HONN of 64,000 neurons which is capable of storing up to 20,000 training patterns and performing parallel processing in high speed (10 exp 13 interconnections per second).
Innovations in IoT for a Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Future (2019)

Internet of things (IoT) promises to usher in the fourth industrial revolution through an exponential growth of smart connected devices deployed in myriad application domains. It gives rise to new relationships between man and smart connected machines that might transform our everyday experiences. Such a transformation, however, builds on innovations at all levels in the IoT architecture - from edge devices to the cloud. In this talk, we will cover the IoT design practices and core technological challenges that need to be addressed to enable wide-spread deployment of IoT. We will focus on innovations in the areas of energy-efficiency, security, interoperability and intelligent decision making. Next, we will discuss several compelling applications of IoT that gives unprecedented capability to us. In particular, we will cover applications of IoT in addressing some of the critical safety, security, and sustainability issues in our society.
Visual optimization tools in JPEG 2000 (2000)

We review the various tools in JPEG 2000 that allow the users to take advantages of the various properties of the human visual system such as spatial frequency sensitivity and the visual masking effect. We show that the visual tool sets in JPEG 2000 are much richer than what was available in JPEG, where only locally invariant frequency weighting can be exploited.