gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 on Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2008)

Abstract Background: Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with limited options of therapy. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a polypeptide hormone that has been shown to have a proactive role in many cancer cell types, including multiple myeloma and solid tumor cells. We evaluated the role of IGF1 in WM. Methods: WM cell lines (BCWM1 and WSU-WM) and IgM secreting low-grade lymphoma cell lines (MEC1, RL) were used. Bone marrow-derived primary CD19+ cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were obtained from patients with WM after informed consent. The small molecule IGF-1R inhibitor II (Calbiochem) and the inhibitory antibody αIR3 (Calbiochem) were used. Cytotoxicity and DNA synthesis were measured by MTT assay and thymidine uptake assay, respectively. Cell signaling and apoptotic pathways were determined by Western Blot. Cell cycle and receptor analysis was obtained through flow cytometry. IGF1 levels were measured by ELISA. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity was evaluated in WM cell lines using the Luminex-microbeads-based assay. Results: We demonstrated that the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) was expressed on WM primary patients and normal CD19+ control B cells, while IGF1 levels of serum and bone marrow samples in both patient and healthy donor samples were similar, suggesting a possible constitutive activation of the pathway downstream of IGF1R in WM and independent of receptor activity or cytokine levels. Surface IGF1R was expressed on BCWM1 cells, in serum-starved conditions, while, it was internalized with the addition of FBS that includes IGF-1. Finally, we also showed that IGF1 induces the activation of IGF1R as demonstrated by the induction of related tyrosine kinase activity. To demonstrate the protective effect of IGF1 on WM cells, IGF1 was added to serum starved BCWM1 cells, and we found it rescued nearly 100% of the cells from apoptosis in concentrations as low as 25ng/ml. The effect of IGF1R inhibitor on WM cells has been investigated and found that it blocked migration, induced cytotoxicity and decreased cell proliferation; without any effect on healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the inhibitor decreased the tyrosine kinase activity of IGF1R, overcoming its initial activation in the presence of IGF1. Conclusion: IGF1 plays a complex role in WM cells with no evidence of constitutive activation of the receptor itself or higher levels of cytokine in WM marrow samples, indicating that activation of this pathway is downstream of IGF1R. Inhibition of IGF1R by a specific small molecule or antibody inhibitor led to a significant decrease in proliferation, survival, and migration in WM cells, but not in control mononuclear cells. These studies provide the framework to investigate the role of IGF1R inhibitors in clinical trials in WM.
β‐Aminoacrylate Synthetic Hydrogels: Easily Accessible and Operationally Simple Biomaterials Networks (2018)

Abstract The development of new material platforms can improve our ability to study biological processes. Here, we developed a water‐compatible variant of a click‐like polymerization between alkynoates and secondary amines to form β‐aminoacrylate synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogels. These materials are easy to access—PEG alkynoate was synthesized on a 100 gram scale and the amines were available commercially; these materials are also operationally simple to formulate—gel formation occurred upon simple mixing of precursor solutions without the need for initiators, catalysts, nor specialized equipment. Three‐dimensional cell culture experiments also indicated cytocompatibility of these gels with &gt;90 % viability retained in THP‐1 and NIH/3T3 cells after 72 hours in culture. This hydrogel system therefore represents an alternative platform to other click and click‐like hydrogels with improved accessibility and user‐friendliness for biomaterials application.
Some New Applications of Multivariate Moment-Generating Functions to Screen-Film Systems (1989)

Multivariate moment-generating functions provide a useful method for analyzing the influence of stochastic amplifying and scattering mechanisms on the transfer of signal and noise through multistage imaging systems. In this paper we apply this method to several cases of amplifying and scattering mechanisms in which the parameters are themselves stochastic variables. These include input-labeled amplification, input-labeled scattering, position-labeled amplification, and position-labeled scattering. Our results are general in that they are applicable to a variety of imaging chain models and can be used to analyze stationary as well as nonstationary processes. In the special case of stationary processes, relationships between the input and output NPS can be derived. For the case of photon-limited inputs, one can also readily express the DQE. For each case, an example illustrating the physics of radiographic intensifying screens is given. Previously published theoretical results are shown to follow as special cases of these new and more general results.
Development of pyrF- Based Genetic System for Targeted Gene Deletion in Clostridium thermocellum and Creation of a pta Mutant (2010)

We report development of a genetic system for making targeted gene knockouts in Clostridium thermocellum, a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium that rapidly solubilizes cellulose. A toxic uracil analog, 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), was used to select for deletion of the pyrF gene. The ΔpyrF strain is a uracil auxotroph that could be restored to a prototroph via ectopic expression of pyrF from a plasmid, providing a positive genetic selection. Furthermore, 5-FOA was used to select against plasmid-expressed pyrF, creating a negative selection for plasmid loss. This technology was used to delete a gene involved in organic acid production, namely pta, which encodes the enzyme phosphotransacetylase. The C. thermocellum Δpta strain did not produce acetate. These results are the first examples of targeted homologous recombination and metabolic engineering in C. thermocellum, a microbe that holds an exciting and promising future in the biofuel industry and development of sustainable energy resources.
Structural insights on ligand recognition at the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (2021)

The leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) regulates the recruitment and chemotaxis of different cell types and plays a role in the pathophysiology of infectious, allergic, metabolic, and tumorigenic human diseases. Here we present a crystal structure of human BLT1 (hBLT1) in complex with a selective antagonist MK-D-046, developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other inflammatory conditions. Comprehensive analysis of the structure and structure-activity relationship data, reinforced by site-directed mutagenesis and docking studies, reveals molecular determinants of ligand binding and selectivity toward different BLT receptor subtypes and across species. The structure helps to identify a putative membrane-buried ligand access channel as well as potential receptor binding modes of endogenous agonists. These structural insights of hBLT1 enrich our understanding of its ligand recognition and open up future avenues in structure-based drug design.
Laser-induced photoacoustic detection of ozone at 266 nm using resonant cells of different configuration (2009)

A highly sensitive pulsed photoacoustic (PA) spectrometer with different PA cell geometries was designed and fabricated in our laboratory to determine ozone detection at ppb level. The comparative performance and merits of these custom made cells were studied. The excitation source of PA spectrometer is a nanosecond pulsed laser at 266 nm (fourth harmonic of Nd:YAG laser) and a sensitive electret microphone as a photoacoustic detector. The sensitivity optimization of the PA system with different experimental parameters including the resonant acoustic modes of the 3 PA cells was carried out for the detection of ozone. The minimum detection limit for ozone achieved under our experimental conditions, with 3 PA cells were 10, 31 and 26 ppbV for cells designated as cell # 1, cell # 2 and cell # 3, respectively. This limit of ozone detection achieved in our work is quite appreciable to be able to detect ozone under safe permissible limits and the sensitivity achieved in our case is an order of magnitude better than earlier reports using sophisticated laser system like quantum cascade laser.
Robust Soft Error Tolerant CMOS Latch Configurations (2015)

This paper presents a set of eight novel configurations for the design of single event soft error (SE) tolerant latches. Each latch uses a three-transistor building block called 1P-2N and its complementary block 2P-1N. It is shown that all proposed latches have better soft error rate (SER) performance as compared to the SE-tolerant latches reported till date. It is also shown that the proposed configurations provide a more relaxed tradeoff between SER and other specifications mainly delay, power dissipation and area. RTL implementation of a proposed latch is also shown to verify the behaviour subjected to the transient faults. The benefit of implementing a SE tolerant circuit in VHDL language is the feasibility to exhaustively check the immunity of the circuit against transient faults at every sensitive node by just writing simple boolean expressions of each element in the circuit. The proposed configurations and a few selected reported configurations have been also designed, laid out and post layout extracted in 90 nm CMOS logic technology. Post layout simulations have been performed on all proposed latch configurations with clock frequency of 500 MHz and performance comparison results are presented.
Convergence (2004)

Call for Papers: Convergence Guest Editors: Thomas E. Darcie, University of Victoria; Robert Doverspike, AT&amp;T Martin Zirngibl, Lucent Technologies Coordinating Associate Editor: Steven K. Korotky, Lucent Technologies
Time domain simulations of a novel lingual organ pipe construction (2016)

In a traditional pipe organ, the dynamic range of both labial (flue) and lingual (reed) pipe ranks are strictly limited as each rank is tuned and voiced to a nominal windchest pressure. Changing this pressure not only affects the amplitude of the radiated sound but both the pitch and the timbre of the pipes. A new pipe construction with a blown open free tongue was proposed recently to overcome this limitation. Prototype pipes of the new construction were built and measurements were carried out on them at different blowing pressures. It was found that the new construction provides a pleasing stability of the pitch and a broad range of playable amplitudes; however, the timbre of the pipes changes significantly with the blowing pressure. To improve the design in the latter aspect, a physical model of the pipes needs to be established first. In this contribution the sound generation of the experimental pipes is simulated by time domain computations. The resonator and its interaction with the vibration of the tongue are simulated using both the truncated impedance model and the reflection function approach. Results of the temporal simulations and their comparison with measurements are presented.
Metabolism of indium-111-labeled murine monoclonal antibody in tumor and normal tissue of the athymic mouse. (1990)

We have studied the fate of radiometal metabolism in vivo by analyzing the molecular form of radiolabeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tissues. Athymic mice bearing colonic tumor xenografts were injected i.v. with 111In-isothiocyanate-benzyl-DTPA-(SCN-Bz-DTPA) IgG or 111In-(SCN-Bz-DTPA) F(ab')2, and then killed daily for up to four days. Liver, kidney, and tumor were extracted and the supernatants, plasma and urine samples were analyzed by HPLC, ITLC, HPIEC and SDS-PAGE. By HPLC, the activity in normal tissue and tumor was associated principally with two major components. The first was native MAb and the second was a low molecular weight component (LMWF). On Day 1, the native-sized IgG was the predominant form (greater than 65%), but progressively decreased to less than 20% by Day 4. For the F(ab')2, even by Day 1 approximately 90% of the activity was associated with the LMWF. This LMWF was resolved further by HPIEC and SDS-PAGE into several metabolites that appear to be 111In-SCN-Bz-DTPA and 111In-SCN-Bz-DTPA bound to peptide fragments.
Entanglement-enhanced quantum key distribution (2008)

We present and analyze a quantum key distribution protocol based on sending entangled $N$-qubit states instead of single-qubit ones as in the trail-blazing scheme by Bennett and Brassard 1984 (BB84). Since the qubits are sent and acknowledged individually, an eavesdropper is limited to accessing them one by one. In an intercept-resend attack, this fundamental restriction allows one to make the eavesdropper's information on the transmitted key vanish if even one of the qubits is not intercepted. The implied upper bound $1∕(2N)$ for this information is further shown not to be the lowest, as the information can be reduced to less than 30% of that in the BB84 scheme in the case $N=2$. In general, the protocol is at least as secure as BB84.
Optical properties of individual GaN nanorods for light emitting diodes: influence of geometry, materials, and facets (2011)

We present a systematic analysis of the optical properties of GaN nanorods (NRs) for the application in Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Our focus is on NR emitters incorporating active layers in the form of quantum-disc or core-shell geometries. We concentrate on the properties of individual NRs, neglecting any coupling with neighbouring NRs or ensemble effects. The distribution of power among guided and radiative modes as well as Purcell enhancement is discussed in detail in the context of different NR geometries, materials and the presence of interfaces.
Low latency via redundancy (2013)

Low latency is critical for interactive networked applications. But while we know how to scale systems to increase capacity, reducing latency --- especially the tail of the latency distribution --- can be much more difficult. In this paper, we argue that the use of redundancy is an effective way to convert extra capacity into reduced latency. By initiating redundant operations across diverse resources and using the first result which completes, redundancy improves a system's latency even under exceptional conditions. We study the tradeoff with added system utilization, characterizing the situations in which replicating all tasks reduces mean latency. We then demonstrate empirically that replicating all operations can result in significant mean and tail latency reduction in real-world systems including DNS queries, database servers, and packet forwarding within networks.
Studies toward the Development of Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccines Based on Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan (2008)

Recent investigations suggest that oligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccines containing fragments of a mycobacterial polysaccharide, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), have potential utility in the prevention of tuberculosis. We report here work towards the synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of LAM and studies directed towards identifying the minimum epitopes required for vaccine generation.
Application Of Fractional Calculus To The Analysis Of Laplace Transformed Data (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Catheter-based treatment of the dissected ascending aorta: a systematic review (2020)

Catheter-based ascending aorta repair for type A aortic dissection with the entry tear in the ascending aorta can be considered in carefully selected high-risk patients. Further analysis and specifically designed devices are required.
Tuning Superluminescent Diode Characteristics for Optical Coherence Tomography Systems by Utilizing a Multicontact Device Incorporating Wavelength-Modulated Quantum Dots (2009)

This paper details the development of broadband sources at 1050 nm for optical coherence tomography applications. A method for obtaining a broad and smooth emission and gain spectrum for 1050 nm quantum dot (QD) layers is presented. The design, fabrication, and operating characteristics of multicontact superluminescent diodes are then set out, and the operating characteristics of this device, incorporating the broadband QD material, are described. It is shown that this device allows the tuning of the emission spectrum peak position, peak shape, emission bandwidth, and power, which are advantageous for imaging applications. A simplified device, utilizing a single current source, is achieved by incorporating a resistor network. The operation of the multicontact device under various drive topologies is discussed.
A Spray-Processable, Low Bandgap, and Ambipolar Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymer (2009)

Combining a strong donor, tris(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole, with a strong acceptor, 4,8-dithien-2-yl-2lambda(4)delta(2)-benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole, has yielded the lowest bandgap, soluble, spray-processable polymer to date. The polymer has access to four different redox states and shows ambipolar behavior in OFETs. Multiple techniques, including transmission/absorption spectroscopy on SWCNTs and reflectance spectroscopy on gold were used to accurately estimate the optical bandgap at 0.5-0.6 eV, which correlates well to theoretical calculations.
Political redistricting by computer (1972)

The problems of political redistricting are considered and a computer method for redistricting is presented. Criteria for acceptable redistricting are discussed, including population equality, compactness, contiguity, and preservation of natural and/or political boundaries. Only nonpartisan criteria are considered. Using 1970 Bureau of Census population data, specific results are given for the ten Congressional Districts in the state of Missouri and for the seven St. Louis County Council seats. Results from the use of the algorithm indicate the feasibility of political redistricting with the aid of a computer.
Separable 2D direct-sampled in-phase quadrature beamforming for greatly increased computational efficiency (2011)

Two dimensional arrays present a significant engineering challenge due to high channel count and data rates. In addition, for 2D arrays in handheld devices, power consumption is also very important in order to achieve multi-hour battery life. Previous work indicates that a 2D beamforming operation can be decomposed into two successive 1-D focusing operations for computationally efficient volume imaging. In this paper, we analyze the application of this method to a power-efficient 2D C-mode beamforming method using phase rotation focusing, known as direct-sampled in-phase quadrature (DSIQ). We show that the separable approach applied to DSIQ does not discernably degrade imaging performance in most practical conditions. Using this method increases C-mode frame rates in a handheld device 17-fold from 11.4 Hz to 193 Hz. The energy cost of beamforming a frame of data falls from 107.2 mJ to 6.2 mJ. When this power efficiency is allied with the low-duty cycle strategy used by the DSIQ front-end ASICs, a very power efficient system is achieved, capable of beamforming a frame of data from 3600 channels, including front-end power, using <; 10mJ of energy. This level of energy efficiency is essential to enabling multi-hour battery life in handheld ultrasound systems with 2D transducer arrays.
MP34-05 THE EFFECT OF VARIABLE PULSE DURATION ON STONE COMMINUTION, FIBER TIP DEGRADATION, AND STONE RETROPULSION IN A “DUSTING” MODEL (2016)

dramatic increase in its application from the automobile and aircraft industry to more recent use in medicine. In Urology specifically, applications of 3D printing have included laparoscopic trocars, surgical models, and ureteral stents. Our goal was to test rapid prototyping of a 3D printed surgical clip. METHODS: Our prototype was modeled after the 10mm Weck Hem-o-lok polymer clip (Teleflex Inc., Wayne, PA, USA). A 3D CAD model of the Hem-o-lok clip was reverse-engineered using commercial microscopy. Printing was done using an Objet500 Connex multijetting system (Stratasys, Eden Prairie, MN, USA), which allowed for adjustment of the proprietary polymers in order to optimize flexibility and strength. Multiple clips were produced and tested with different features and material combinations to improve functionality. The 3D printed clips were then tested by applying them across a 1 / 4 00 width penrose drain filling with normal saline. Leak pressures were measured using a digital pressure gauge. Results were compared to commercially available 10mm Hem-o-lok clips.
Poly I/sup 2/L-a high-speed linear-compatible structure (1977)

Poly I/SUP 2/L a new bipolar process technology, is presented featuring 5 ns minimum propagation delay, 24 MHz flip-flop operation (using 10 /spl mu/ minimum feature size), and 15-30 V isolated and unconstrained linear circuit transistors on 5 /spl Omega/.cm epitaxy. Standard linear integrated circuit process complexity is increased by only one mask without extra diffusions.
A truncated lipoglycan from mycobacteria with altered immunological properties (2010)

Maintenance of cell-wall integrity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential and is the target of several antitubercular drugs. For example, ethambutol targets arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) biosynthesis through the inhibition of several arabinofuranosyltransferases. Apart from their role in cell-wall integrity, mycobacterial LAMs also exhibit important immunomodulatory activities. Here we report the isolation and detailed structural characterization of a unique LAM molecule derived from Mycobacterium smegmatis deficient in the arabinofuranosyltransferase AftC (AftC-LAM). This mutant LAM expresses a severely truncated arabinan domain completely devoid of 3,5-Araf-branching residues, revealing an intrinsic involvement of AftC in the biosynthesis of LAM. Furthermore, we found that ethambutol efficiently inhibits biosynthesis of the AftC-LAM arabinan core, unambiguously demonstrating the involvement of the arabinofuranosyltransferase EmbC in early stages of LAM-arabinan biosynthesis. Finally, we demonstrate that AftC-LAM exhibits an enhanced proinflammatory activity, which is due to its ability to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Overall, our efforts further describe the mechanism of action of an important antitubercular drug, ethambutol, and demonstrate a role for specific arabinofuranosyltransferases in LAM biosynthesis. In addition, the availability of sufficient amounts of chemically defined wild-type and isogenic truncated LAMs paves the way for further investigations of the structure-function relationship of TLR2 activation by mycobacterial lipoglycans.