gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Tetraspecific VHH-Based Neutralizing Antibody Modifies Disease Outcome in Three Animal Models of Clostridium difficile Infection (2016)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a leading cause of nosocomial infection, is a serious disease in North America, Europe, and Asia. CDI varies greatly from asymptomatic carriage to life-threatening diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and toxemia. The incidence of community-acquired infection has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent antibiotic-resistant strains. These new strains contribute to the frequent occurrence of disease relapse, complicating treatment, increasing hospital stays, and increasing morbidity and mortality among patients. Therefore, it is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches that bypass the development of antimicrobial resistance and avoid disruption of gut microflora. Here, we describe the construction of a single heteromultimeric VHH-based neutralizing agent (VNA) that targets the two primary virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). Designated VNA2-Tcd, this agent has subnanomolar toxin neutralization potencies for both C. difficile toxins in cell assays. When given systemically by parenteral administration, VNA2-Tcd protected against CDI in gnotobiotic piglets and mice and to a lesser extent in hamsters. Protection from CDI was also observed in gnotobiotic piglets treated by gene therapy with an adenovirus that promoted the expression of VNA2-Tcd.
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry quantification of trastuzumab in human serum by selective monitoring of a specific peptide marker from the antibody complementarity‐determining regions (2017)

The strategy used to set up the UPLC/MRM MS methodology based on monitoring specific peptide markers within CDRs can be potentially applied to the detection and quantification of other humanized or human mAbs in biological fluids. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common anti-haemostatic medications increase the severity of systemic infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (2021)

Abstract Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes urinary tract infections that can result in sepsis. The haemostatic system is protective in the pyelonephritis stage of ascending UPEC infection, but the role of the haemostatic system has not been investigated during sepsis. Here we utilize a zebrafish-UPEC systemic infection model to visualize infection-induced coagulation and examine the effects of commonly prescribed anti-haemostatic medications on the infection severity. Treatment of systemically infected zebrafish with warfarin, aspirin, or ticagrelor reduced host survival, while stabilization of clots with aminocaproic acid increased host survival. Anti-haemostatic drug treatment increased UPEC burden. Our findings provide evidence that commonly prescribed anti-haemostatic medications may worsen the outcome of severe UPEC infection.
A 512-Gb 3-b/Cell 64-Stacked WL 3-D-NAND Flash Memory (2017)

A 64-word-line-stacked 512-Gb 3-b/cell 3-D NAND flash memory is presented. After briefly examining the challenges that occur to a stack, several technologies are suggested to resolve the issues. For performance enhancement, a novel program method hiding two-page data loading time is presented. This paper also discusses an electrical annealing improving reliability characteristic by removing holes in shallow traps. In addition, a valley tracking read for reducing timing overhead at a read retry is introduced by fast finding optimal read levels. Finally, a high-speed self-test mode for IO operation is presented. The chip, designed with the fourth generation of V-NAND technology, achieved an areal density of 3.98 Gb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and operated up to 1 Gb/s at 1.2 V.
Association Between the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy and Falls in an Asian Population With Diabetes (2017)

The presence of mild to moderate nonproliferative DR was independently associated with an increased likelihood of falling in persons with diabetes compared with persons with diabetes but without DR. Management strategies for diabetes should incorporate fall education and prevention information, particularly in patients with early-stage DR. Longitudinal studies exploring the association between mild to moderate nonproliferative DR and falling will be required to confirm these findings.
Non-Back-Drivable Gearboxes With Greater Efficiencies (1996)

Non-back-drivable gearboxes with power-transfer efficiencies greater than conventional non-back-drivable gearboxes undergoing development. Greater efficiencies made possible by novel design concept utilizing input torques in such way as to reduce frictional losses.
68.1: Invited Paper : Quantum Dot Manufacturing Requirements for the High Volume LCD Market (2013)

Abstract Quantum dots (QDs) are a luminescent semiconductor nanomaterial technology that delivers exceptional color for liquid crystal display backlighting unit (LCD‐BLU) applications. We report on the scale‐up of the rapid‐injection, batch synthetic method, and compare it to other proposed manufacturing methods. A discussion of how to meet high volume QD production needs follows, consistent with current and future LCD volumes, and taking into account dominant implementation geometries.
Comparison Of Si/CMOS And GaAs MESFET Technologies For Analog Optoelectronic Circuits (2005)

We investigat,e t,he feasibility of transferring analog optoelectxonic c,ircuits designed for Si/CMOS t,o GaAs and show results of a specific, circuit, origiiinlly designed for Si/CMOS, but.now fabricated in GaAs.When building optoelectronic circuits coiisisting of photodetectors, electronic circuitry, and optical output devices, such as LEDs or iiiotlulators, one must, choose hetween hybrid and monolithic integration.In a hybrid integration approach, Si/( M O S circuit,s are integrated
Self-heating parameter extraction of power MOSFETs based on transient drain current measurements and on the 2-cell self-heating model (2012)

Self-heating parameter extraction for circuit simulation model is discussed based on the transient drain current measurement, by using a 18V power MOSFET as a test device. The fitting errors in the conventional one-cell self-heating model have been investigated and the influences of the spread resistance on the transient current are discussed to refine the modeling strategy. A simple two-cell model is also proposed and its excellent fitting capability for wide time ranges is demonstrated.
Detection of the outer membrane lipoprotein I and its gene fluorescent and non-fluorescent Pseudomonas: implications for taxonomy and diagnosis (1993)

International audience
Atomically dispersed Pt and Fe sites and Pt–Fe nanoparticles for durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2022)

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without emissions. The high cost and low durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction hinder their wide application, and the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts is limited by their low performance. Here we design a hybrid electrocatalyst that consists of atomically dispersed Pt and Fe single atoms and Pt–Fe alloy nanoparticles. Its Pt mass activity is 3.7 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C in a fuel cell. More importantly, the fuel cell with a low Pt loading in the cathode (0.015 mg Pt cm −2 ) shows an excellent durability, with a 97% activity retention after 100,000 cycles and no noticeable current drop at 0.6 V for over 200 hours. These results highlight the importance of the synergistic effects among active sites in hybrid electrocatalysts and provide an alternative way to design more active and durable low-Pt electrocatalysts for electrochemical devices.
A Space-Time Scheduling Assisted Cooperative Relay for mmWave WLAN/WPAN Systems with Directional Antenna (2011)

This paper proposes a space-time scheduling algorithm that improves the throughput performance of millimeter-wave wireless personal/local area network(mmWave WPAN/WLAN) systems. The upcoming mmWave WPAN/WLAN systems are designed to support high definition TV (HDTV) transmission, high speed wireless docking and gaming, etc. These data-rate-greedy applications require Gbits/s or even multi-Gbits/s transmission capacity which can be provided by the mmWave bands. Directional antenna are preferred in these bands to compensate high path loss. However the narrowed transmission angle of directional antenna makes the system susceptible to blockage of human body or furniture. Consequently, the throughput performance is compromised and may not meet the requirement of the targeting applications. Cooperative relay with time slot sharing is a solution to guarantee throughput under such situation. Compared with lower frequency bands, it is easier in mmWave bands to share time slot between the direct path and relay path, due to less co-channel interference constrained by path loss. In this paper, we propose a space-time scheduling algorithm to assist cooperative relay. The algorithm is based on graph theory and designed to find optimized relay station and time slot to maximize the system throughput. Computer simulations demonstrate over 25 percent throughput improvement is achieved under conference room None-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment with human blockage. The achieved performance meets the requirement of uncompressed HDTV transmission.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Oxidosqualene Cyclase and Squalene Epoxidase as Target Enzymes for the Development of New Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The currents of life: the terminal electron-transfer complex of respiration. (1995)

Aerobic organisms derive most of the energy needed for life processes by the burning of foodstuffs with the molecular oxygen in air, as first suggested in 1789 (1) by Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794). In the first part of the respiratory process, hydrogen atoms are extracted from organic molecules. The hydrogen carriers are later regenerated in the respiratory chain located in cell organelles, mitochondria, or, in bacteria, in the cell membrane. These chains consist of a series of membrane-bound protein complexes in which the hydrogen atoms are split into protons and electrons. The electrons are passed down the chain and reduce molecular oxygen to water, whereas the protons are left behind on one specific side of the membrane. In addition, the electron transfer (ET) or current through the chain is coupled to a pumping of additional protons from water to the same membrane side. Thus, the two proton currents lead to an increased positive charge and decreased pH on this side-i.e., an electrochemical potential across the membrane, analogous to a storage battery. This potential drives the synthesis of ATP, the universal energy currency in living cells, by a chemiosmotic mechanism formulated by Peter Mitchell (2), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1978.
Pediatric MR Cholangiopancreatography: Principles, Technique, and Clinical Applications (2008)

High-quality magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatographic images are difficult to obtain in children due to the small caliber of the pediatric bile ducts and to motion artifacts. However, there has been ongoing improvement in image quality, thanks to better coil technology, increased speed of acquisition, refinement in respiratory compensation techniques, and newer sequences. Heavily T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) and single-shot FSE MR imaging sequences with long echo times are used to image the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Secretin has been shown to improve the visualization of the pancreatic duct and pancreaticobiliary junction. Factors that affect image quality in pediatric MR cholangiopancreatography include sedation, negative oral contrast material, radiofrequency coil selection, respiratory compensation techniques, echo time, echo train length, section-slab thickness, planes of scanning, field of view, and number of signals acquired. However, giving proper attention to these factors and tailoring the study to the body size of the patient (which varies considerably) can lead to high-quality diagnostic MR cholangiopancreatographic images. Use of MR cholangiopancreatography in children is limited by the need for sedation or anesthesia, high cost, limited availability, and long scanning times. Nonetheless, this modality can be a viable alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the evaluation of various entities such as choledochal cyst, recurrent pancreatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and a transplanted liver, and may obviate ERCP.
3D imaging of cone photoreceptors over extended time periods using optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics (2011)

Optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics (AO-OCT) is a highly sensitive, noninvasive method for 3D imaging of the microscopic retina. The purpose of this study is to advance AO-OCT technology by enabling repeated imaging of cone photoreceptors over extended periods of time (days). This sort of longitudinal imaging permits monitoring of 3D cone dynamics in both normal and diseased eyes, in particular the physiological processes of disc renewal and phagocytosis, which are disrupted by retinal diseases such as age related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. For this study, the existing AO-OCT system at Indiana underwent several major hardware and software improvements to optimize system performance for 4D cone imaging. First, ultrahigh speed imaging was realized using a Basler Sprint camera. Second, a light source with adjustable spectrum was realized by integration of an Integral laser (Femto Lasers, &lambda;<sub>c</sub>=800nm, &utri;&lambda;=160nm) and spectral filters in the source arm. For cone imaging, we used a bandpass filter with &lambda;<sub>c</sub>=809nm and &utri;&lambda;=81nm (2.6 &mu;m nominal axial resolution in tissue, and 167 KHz A-line rate using 1,408 px), which reduced the impact of eye motion compared to previous AO-OCT implementations. Third, eye motion artifacts were further reduced by custom ImageJ plugins that registered (axially and laterally) the volume videos. In two subjects, cone photoreceptors were imaged and tracked over a ten day period and their reflectance and outer segment (OS) lengths measured. High-speed imaging and image registration/dewarping were found to reduce eye motion to a fraction of a cone width (1 &mu;m root mean square). The pattern of reflections in the cones was found to change dramatically and occurred on a spatial scale well below the resolution of clinical instruments. Normalized reflectance of connecting cilia (CC) and OS posterior tip (PT) of an exemplary cone was 54±4, 47±4, 48±6, 50±5, 56±1% and 46±4, 53±4, 52±6, 50±5, 44±1% for days #1,3,6,8,10 respectively. OS length of the same cone was 28.9, 26.4, 26.4, 30.6, and 28.1 ìm for days #1,3,6,8,10 respectively. It is plausible these changes are an optical correlate of the natural process of OS renewal and shedding.
Electrochemical and Analytical Study of the Si Etching Mechanism in HF (2009)

In this work a methodology and metrology for the Si substrate loss characterization during cleaning and etching of Si semiconductor substrate has been developed. Using this methodology, the substrate loss in different HF based cleaning solutions can be investigated, both in situ and ex situ. The etching mechanism in different HF mixtures is studied, where the effect of dissolved O2, illumination, free F-ions and additives can be explored. Etch rates are determined ex situ by measuring the Si concentration as function of time with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). By combining both electrochemical and ICP-MS data, the number of electrons n involved in the electron transfer reaction are determined both in darkness and illumination. Results confirm the existing Si etching mechanism under illumination, with n=2. It is shown that in darkness a low etch rate is observed, and even under deoxygenated HF conditions pointing to some chemical etching mechanism.
Cellular and physiological mechanisms of new‐onset diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantation (2012)

New-onset diabetes after transplantation is recognized as one of the metabolic consequences which may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation. The pathophysiology of new-onset diabetes after transplantation has not been clearly defined and may resemble that of Type 2 diabetes, characterized by predominantly insulin resistance or defective insulin secretion, or both. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the prevalence, consequences, pathogenesis, and management of new-onset diabetes after transplantation, with a major focus on the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. The aetiology of new-onset diabetes after transplantation is multifactorial, with diabetogenic immunosuppressive drugs playing a major role. Multiple cellular and physiologic mechanisms are involved in the process. Selection of an appropriate maintenance immunosuppressive regimen should involve balancing the risk of patient and graft survival vs. the potential for new-onset diabetes after transplantation.
Photon induced low temperature etching of copper and/or formation of copper nanowires (2008)

status: Published
A Novel Function of Adipocytes in Lipid Antigen Presentation to iNKT Cells (2012)

Systemic low-grade chronic inflammation has been intensively investigated in obese subjects. Recently, various immune cell types, such as macrophages, granulocytes, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adipose tissue inflammation. However, the roles of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) and the regulation of iNKT cell activity in adipose tissue are not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrated that iNKT cells were decreased in number in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Interestingly, CD1d, a molecule involved in lipid antigen presentation to iNKT cells, was highly expressed in adipocytes, and CD1d-expressing adipocytes stimulated iNKT cell activity through physical interaction. iNKT cell population and CD1d expression were reduced in the adipose tissue of obese mice and humans compared to those of lean subjects. Moreover, iNKT cell-deficient Jα18 knockout mice became more obese and exhibited increased adipose tissue inflammation at the early stage of obesity. These data suggest that adipocytes regulate iNKT cell activity via CD1d and that the interaction between adipocytes and iNKT cells may modulate adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
Changes in fatty acid branching and unsaturation of Streptomyces griseus and Brevibacterium fermentans as a response to growth temperature (1992)

Streptomyces griseus showed three different modes of changing fatty acids in response to temperature change. In Brevibacterium fermentans, two such responses were found. The responses involved changes in fatty acid branching, unsaturation, or chain length, depending on growth temperature range. Changes in unsaturation of branched-chain acids were characteristic at low growth temperatures.
Interactive Grounded Language Understanding in a Collaborative Environment: IGLU 2021 (2022)

Human intelligence has the remarkable ability to quickly adapt to new tasks and environments. Starting from a very young age, humans acquire new skills and learn how to solve new tasks either by imitating the behavior of others or by following provided natural language instructions. To facilitate research in this direction, we propose \emph{IGLU: Interactive Grounded Language Understanding in a Collaborative Environment}. The primary goal of the competition is to approach the problem of how to build interactive agents that learn to solve a task while provided with grounded natural language instructions in a collaborative environment. Understanding the complexity of the challenge, we split it into sub-tasks to make it feasible for participants.
Silicon Composite Electrode for Lithium Insertion Cell: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Electrode Processes (2010)

Abstract not Available.
An Aptasensor Based on Polymer-Gold Nanoparticle Composite Microspheres for the Detection of Malathion Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2013)

Abstract We present a new format of apta-sensing composite particles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) detection of malathion. These apta-sensing microspheres acquire their extraction capability through aptamer-target analyte interaction and Raman signal enhancement for SERS detection of the pesticide. Micron-sized polymer particles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization using methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as co-monomers in acetonitrile. Conjugation with colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via modification with 2-aminoethanethiol led to polymer-AuNP composites with controlled aggregation of AuNPs onto the polymer surface. The thiolated aptamer targeting malathion was attached to the metal surface by thiol-gold interaction, resulting in polymer-AuNP-aptamer composite microspheres. The new material was characterized using two techniques: scanning electron microscopy imaging and dynamic light scattering measurements. The polymer-AuNP-aptamer particles were incuba...
Dual-Gas Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Methane/Nitrous Oxide and Water Vapor (2019)

The development of a dual-gas quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) sensor capable of simultaneous detection of water vapor and alternatively methane or nitrous oxide is reported. A diode laser and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) excited independently and simultaneously both the fundamental and the first overtone flexural mode of the quartz tuning fork (QTF), respectively. The diode laser targeted a water absorption line located at 7181.16 cm<sup>-1</sup> (1.392 μm), while the QCL emission wavelength is centered at 7.71 μm and was tuned to target two strong absorption lines of methane and nitrous oxide, located at 1297.47 and 1297.05 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Two sets of microresonator tubes were positioned, respectively, at the antinode points of the fundamental and the first overtone flexural modes of the QTF to enhance the QEPAS signal-to-noise ratio. Detection limits of 18 ppb for methane, 5 ppb for nitrous oxide and 20 ppm for water vapor have been achieved at a lock-in integration time of 100 ms.
Sustained release of IL‐1Ra from biodegradable microspheres prolongs its IL‐1‐neutralizing effects (2005)

Abstract A sustained delivery system for interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) may have great therapeutic and industrial potential due to the cytokine activity as an IL‐1 inhibitor. Here, we investigated the capability of biodegradable polymeric microspheres to sustain the release and prolong the therapeutic efficacy of IL‐1Ra. IL‐1Ra was encapsulated within rapidly degrading poly(lactic/glycolic acid) PLGA RG502H microspheres, which showed a desirable release profile of IL‐1Ra in vitro. Pharmacokinetic study in mice revealed elevated serum levels of the recombinant IL‐1Ra (rIL‐1Ra) for up to 8 days following subcutaneous injection of IL‐1Ra microspheres. In comparison, the serum levels of rIL‐1Ra following subcutaneous or intravenous bolus injection of the soluble cytokine decreased very rapidly; within 48 h no recombinant cytokine was detected in mice sera. The sustained delivery of rIL‐1Ra for over two weeks was efficient in inhibiting IL‐1ß‐stimulated induction of serum IL‐6. These results suggest that the present therapeutic protocol of daily bolus injections of the IL‐1Ra may be replaced by a weekly injection of IL‐1Ra within PLGA RG502H microspheres.