gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verification of the Scaling Rule for Two-photon Absorption in Semiconductors (1986)

The simple parametric scaling rules for the two-photon absorption coefficients, g2, predicted by recent theory, have been experimentally confirmed by the measurement of g2 in ten different semiconductors using carefully characterized picosecond 1 and 0·5 wm pulses. We find g2 (cm/GW) = (3·1 - 0·5) 2 103 ¡ EpF2(2Ey/Eg)n m2E m3 g, where Ep ­ 21 eV for the semiconductors studied, Eg is the energy gap in eV, n the refractive index and F2(x) = (x m 1)3/2/x5 . This relation allows the prediction of g2 in other materials at other wavelengths, which is useful in the design of nonlinear optical elements. The strong self-defocusing observed is consistent with nonlinear refraction by the two-photon-generated free carriers.
<title>Quantitative analysis of mucosal tissues in patients using light scattering spectroscopy</title> (1999)

We presented two approaches for separating a diffusive component of the backscattered signal originated in deep tissue layers and a non-diffusive single backscattering component which backscattered from a thin epithelial layer. Both approaches can be effective and have their advantages and disadvantages. The modeling technique can provide important information about hemoglobin concentration, oxygenation, and average scattering properties of the mucosal tissue. On the other hand, when applied to new tissues, it has to be adjusted to take into account tissue morphology. Also, the polarization technique can be very robust and more effective in background removal. However, it lacks extracting capabilities of the modeling technique. Both techniques can be quite valuable and compliment each other in a future clinical device.
Real fluid effects on thermoacoustic standing-wave resonance in supercritical CO2 (2017)

We have investigated real fluid effects in a canonical thermoacoustically unstable duct filled with supercritical CO2 at a base pressure of p0 = 1.1pcr, where pcr = 7.3773 MPa is the critical pressure of CO2. Thermodynamic and transport properties of CO2 are obtained from the Peng-Robinson equation of state and Chung’s model. A toy thermoacoustically unstable resonator is investigated, composed of an inviscid hot cavity filled with pseudo-gas (Thot &gt; Tcr), a thermoacoustic stack with an imposed axial wall-temperature gradient via isothermal boundary conditions, and an inviscid resonator (Tcold &lt; Tcr) filled with pseudo-liquid. The parameter Tcold/Tcr is varied from 0.65 to 0.9 such that total 6 computational cases considered retain the pseudo-boiling conditions inside the stack. The acoustic energy budgets are derived theoretically, showing that the thermoacoustic production is proportional to Θ = d ln ρ0-1/dx in the standing wave configuration, where ρ0 is the base state density. Due to real fluid effects, Θ spikes at spatial location of PB thus rendering thermoacoustic instability sensitive to PB. Maximum growth rates are achieved corresponding to a location of the pseudo-interface at approximately the center of the stack. Moreover, at the pseudo-interface, the spatial derivative of the base acoustic impedance spikes causing discontinuities in the spatial derivatives of the eigenmodes. Moreover, changes in the Prandtl number (Pr) result in increased thermoacoustic production of energy density due to traveling wave component for small h/2δν. Ongoing work includes high-order fully compressible numerical simulations of the proposed setup.
Epinephrine stimulates esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma cell proliferation via β‐adrenoceptor‐dependent transactivation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway (2008)

Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. It is suggested that beta-adrenoceptor is involved in the control of cell proliferation, but its role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer remains unknown. We therefore studied the role of beta-adrenergic signaling in the regulation of growth of an esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell line HKESC-1. Results showed that both beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors were expressed in HKESC-1 cells. Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors with epinephrine significantly increased HKESC-1 cell proliferation accompanied by elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, which were abolished by beta(1)- or beta(2)-selective antagonists. Epinephrine also increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) expression, which were blocked by beta(1)- or beta(2)-selective antagonists. Moreover, epinephrine increased cyclin D(1), cyclin E(2), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4, CDK-6, and E(2)F-1 expression and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation at Ser807/811, all of which were abrogated by beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist. Furthermore, epinephrine increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 in a beta(2)-adrenoceptor-, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)-, and COX-2-dependent manner. MEK or COX-2 inhibitor also significantly inhibited HKESC-1 cell proliferation induced by epinephrine. Collectively, we demonstrate that epinephrine stimulates esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell proliferation via beta-adrenoceptor-dependent transactivation of ERK/COX-2 pathway. Stimulation of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors also elicits a differential response on the expression of cell cycle regulators. These novel findings may shed new light on the understanding of beta-adrenergic signaling in the control of esophageal cancer cell growth.
Machine-Learning-Based Predictive Handover (2021)

Good mobility performance is critical in cellular networks for ensuring that each user is always connected to the best possible cell and that the handovers are executed timely to minimize radio link failures while avoiding unnecessary handovers. A potential new approach to this challenge is to learn the local radio conditions and adapt and customize the mobility to them. This work proposes and investigates a machine learning method for learning the optimal time and destination for handovers in 5G radio networks, as well as how to use the learned model to trigger handovers based on the predicted radio conditions. The complete solution is analyzed and compared to the state of the art mobility methods to evaluate its performance in reducing the system total outage.
Differentiation of Vascular Characteristics Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging (2019)

Ultrasound contrast imaging has been used to assess tumour growth and regression by assessing the flow through the macro- and micro-vasculature. Our aim was to differentiate the blood kinetics of vessels such as veins, arteries and microvasculature within the limits of the spatial resolution of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. The highly vascularised ovine ovary was used as a biological model. Perfusion of the ovary with SonoVue was recorded with a Philips iU22 scanner in contrast imaging mode. One ewe was treated with prostaglandin to induce vascular regression. Time-intensity curves (TIC) for different regions of interest were obtained, a lognormal model was fitted and flow parameters calculated. Parametric maps of the whole imaging plane were generated for 2 × 2 pixel regions of interest. Further analysis of TICs from selected locations helped specify parameters associated with differentiation into four categories of vessels (arteries, veins, medium-sized vessels and micro-vessels). Time-dependent parameters were associated with large veins, whereas intensity-dependent parameters were associated with large arteries. Further development may enable automation of the technique as an efficient way of monitoring vessel distributions in a clinical setting using currently available scanners.
Programmable SpaceWire interface with atom switch: Components, short paper (2016)

We developed a rewritable field programmable gate array (FPGA) using NanoBridge® that exploits atom switch technology. NanoBridge® is newly developed copper wiring technology with dynamic connection capability. Programmable circuitry with SpaceWire interface is realized without configuration memory cells for storing circuit connection information. It prevents single event effect caused by radiation and provides remarkably low power consumption. The first demonstration of the NanoBridge® FPGA on orbit by JAXA's program is planned in 2018.
Kir family (2009)

Extract Kir1, Kir2, Kir4, Kir5 and Kir7 families Hiroshi Hibino and Yoshihisa Kurachi Introduction The inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel was first identified by electrophysiology in skeletal muscle, and was designated as an anomalous rectifier K+ current (Katz, 1949) because current flows more readily in the inward direction than the outward direction, which is a property opposite to that of the voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel current in squid giant axon (Hodgikin et al., 1952). The properties of this type of K+ channel do not follow classical Hodgkin–Huxley kinetics (Hagiwara, 1983); that is, its kinetics depend not only on the membrane potential (E m) but also on the equilibrium potential of K+ (E K). The channel conductance increases as the concentration of extracellular K+ ([K+]o) is augmented. Under physiological conditions, rectification of Kir channels is sufficiently...
A Bacillus thuringiensis Cry protein controls soybean cyst nematode in transgenic soybean plants (2021)

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are economically important pests of agricultural crops, and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in particular is responsible for a large amount of damage to soybean. The need for new solutions for controlling SCN is becoming increasingly urgent, due to the slow decline in effectiveness of the widely used native soybean resistance derived from genetic line PI 88788. Thus, developing transgenic traits for controlling SCN is of great interest. Here, we report a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, Cry14Ab, that controls SCN in transgenic soybean. Experiments in C. elegans suggest the mechanism by which the protein controls nematodes involves damaging the intestine, similar to the mechanism of Cry proteins used to control insects. Plants expressing Cry14Ab show a significant reduction in cyst numbers compared to control plants 30 days after infestation. Field trials also show a reduction in SCN egg counts compared with control plants, demonstrating that this protein has excellent potential to control PPNs in soybean.
Recognition of digital modulated signals based on statistical parameters (2010)

Automatic Modulation Recognition is considered significant in Communication Intelligence (COMINT) applications such as signal interception for mobile communication, defence, civil authority, and surveillance. It is also the key for threat analysis. Recently many algorithms have been proposed to distinguish digitally modulated signals. In this paper, we present and evaluate some problems related to automatic recognition of digital modulation. First of all, Azzouz and Nandi's algorithm has been discussed. Some new statistical parameters have been applied on that algorithm. Then a new method has been proposed and presented to recognize Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) signal, in presence of some other digital modulated signal and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Finally, many simulations have been carried out and presented for these modulation types, by using statistical approaches.
Safety-Aware Reinforcement Learning Framework with an Actor-Critic-Barrier Structure (2019)

This paper considers the control problem with constraints on full-state and control input simultaneously. First, a novel barrier function based system transformation approach is developed to guarantee the full-state constraints. To deal with the input saturation, the hyperbolic-type penalty function is imposed on the control input. The actor-critic based reinforcement learning technique is combined with the barrier transformation to learn the optimal control policy that considers both the full-state constraints and input saturations. To illustrate the efficacy, a numeric simulation is implemented in the end.
Contribución a los sistemas de distribución de contenidos en redes inalámbricas de datos (2009)

Ver un video en un terminal con conexion inalambrica parece algo sencillo hoy en dia. Sin embargo, esta posibilidad es el resultado de los avances tecnicos y tecnologicos producidos en los ultimos anos, que la han hecho posible gracias al aumento de las capacidades de las redes y a la aparicion de equipos con mayor capacidad de procesamiento. Actualmente, las principales limitaciones de los sistemas de distribucion de video existentes son el consumo de ancho de banda por cada usuario en la parte del distribuidor y la fiabilidad de las redes en la parte del receptor, resultado de la necesidad de compartir el medio de acceso: el aire. Los objetivos de esta tesis se centran en la mejora de la distribucion de contenidos a traves de redes inalambricas tanto terrestres como satelitales. Los principales problemas de este tipo de redes son un comportamiento variable que depende de la posicion del usuario, la limitacion de ancho de banda en comparacion con las redes de cable y la dependencia de situaciones meteorologicas externas como la lluvia. Se puede decir que los satelites han permitido grandes avances en el campo de las telecomunicaciones. Ademas, gracias a ellos ha sido posible llevar conectividad a sitios donde antes era impensable. A pesar de las ventajas que presentan, los satelites tambien tienen algunos inconvenientes desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento de los protocolos de red. Por ejemplo, dificultan la distribucion de contenidos mediante protocolos {\it peer-to-peer}, debido principalmente a la latencia de los paquetes transmitidos. Las contribuciones en este aspecto se han centrado en mejorar el funcionamiento de los protocolos {\it peer-to-peer} en redes satelite mediante diversos mecanismos que mitigan la latencia de las comunicaciones via satelite. Las redes inalambricas terrestres son muy populares hoy en dia. Los principales problemas que presentan estas redes son sus condiciones cambiantes dependientes de factores como la distancia del usuario a la estacion base o punto de acceso, orografia del terreno o fenomenos meteorologicos que provocan que el ancho de banda disponible se reduzca con la distancia o que eventos como la lluvia aumenten la tasa de perdidas de los paquetes transmitidos. Por estos motivos, la distribucion de contenidos en vivo o bajo demanda no funciona tan bien como se desearia en las redes inalambricas terrestres. En este apartado, las contribuciones se han centrado en dos aspectos: Por un lado, disenar soluciones que permitan la transmision de video en tiempo real para un gran numero de usuarios aprovechando el ancho de banda disponible y que no discriminen a los usuarios con peores accesos. Y por el otro, diseno de esquemas de transmision de video bajo demanda para un numero de usuarios maximo virtualmente infinito donde se optimice la utilizacion del ancho de banda y con alta resistencia frente a posibles perdidas de paquetes.
Telomerase activity and expression of its RNA component in cervical lesions (1998)

Increased frequency and dysregulation of telomerase activation is correlated with increasing severity of histopathologic changes, but not with HPV infection. Whether dysregulated activity is a prognostic marker for development of invasive carcinoma remains to be determined.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Heptanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzo[d]imidazoles (III). (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The effect of molecular weight on the porosity of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (2015)

Microporous polymers can be prepared by crosslinking polystyrenes, with the surface areas being dependent on the degree of polymerisation.
In vitro electrical properties for iridium oxide versus titanium nitride stimulating electrodes (2002)

Stimulating electrode materials must be capable of supplying high-density electrical charge to effectively activate neural tissue. Platinum is the most commonly used material for neural stimulation. Two other materials have been considered: iridium oxide and titanium nitride. This study directly compared the electrical characteristics of iridium oxide and titanium nitride by fabricating silicon substrate probes that differed only in the material used to form the electrode. Electrochemical measurements indicated that iridium oxide had lower impedance and a higher charge storage capacity than titanium nitride, suggesting better performance as a stimulating electrode. Direct measurement of the electrode potential in response to a biphasic current pulse confirmed that iridium oxide uses less voltage to transfer the same amount of charge, therefore using less power. The charge injection limit for titanium nitride was 0.87 mC/cm2, contradicting other reports estimating that titanium nitride was capable of injecting 22 mC/cm2. Iridium oxide charge storage was 4 mC/cm2, which is comparable to other published values for iridium oxide. Electrode efficiency will lead to an overall more efficient and effective device.
Fourth year report on Edinburgh Wave Power Project : Study on mechanisms for extracting power from sea waves (Volume 1) (1978)

10, ammod sale h, l majamdwt-m&
Microphone Array Coding Preserving Spatial Information for Cloud-based Multichannel Speech Recognition (2022)

An efficient method of coding multichannel signals from a microphone array is presented. This is advantageous for cloud-based audio processing, such as Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The method operates by encoding separately the signal information - using a reference signal - and the spatial information - using Relative Transfer Functions (RTFs). Results for ASR and DOA performance are presented for the proposed codec in comparison to a baseline multichannel implementation of the Opus codec. Both stationary and time-varying acoustic scenarios have been included in the tests. The proposed RTF-based codec is shown in our experiments to preserve spatial information in the array signals whereas the baseline codec does not. The proposed codec is also shown to outperform the baseline on the ASR task at low bit rates in the region of 6 kbits per second per channel.
Disease-associated Mutations in the Fourth Cytoplasmic Loop of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Compromise Biosynthetic Processing and Chloride Channel Activity (1996)

A cluster of 18 point mutations in exon 17b of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has been detected in patients with cystic fibrosis. These mutations cause single amino acid substitutions in the most C-terminal cytoplasmic loop (CL4, residues 1035-1102) of the CFTR chloride channel. Heterologous expression of the mutants showed that 12 produced only core-glycosylated CFTR, which was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum; the other six mutants matured and reached the cell surface. In some cases substitution of one member of pairs of adjacent residues resulted in misprocessing, whereas the other did not. Thus, the secondary structure of CL4 may contribute crucially to the proper folding of the entire CFTR molecule. Cyclic AMP-stimulated iodide efflux was not detected from cells expressing the misprocessed variants but was from the other six, indicating that their mutations cause relatively subtle channel defects. Consistent with this, these latter mutations generally are present in patients who are pancreatic-sufficient, while the processing mutants are mostly from patients who are pancreatic-insufficient. Single-channel patch-clamp analysis demonstrated that the processed mutants had the same ohmic conductance as wild-type CFTR, but a lower open probability, generally due to an increase in channel mean closed time and a reduction in mean open time. This suggests that mutations in CL4 do not affect pore properties of CFTR, but disrupt the mechanism of channel gating.
DURABLE LONG‐TERM REMISSION IN HIGH‐RISK RELAPSE REFRACTORY LYMPHOMA—20 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE OF ALLOGENEIC HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT IN SINGAPORE (2023)

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AlloHSCT) is a curative option for those who have high risk relapsed/refractory lymphoma in the era of novel and cellular therapies including CAR-T cell. There is a paucity of data evaluating the long term outcomes of AlloHSCT in Asian lymphoma patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 20 years to evaluate the prognostic factors and outcomes of AlloHSCT for lymphoma patients in Singapore. Methods: We evaluated 121 lymphoma patients (both non-Hodgkin (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)) from two major transplant centres in Singapore who had AlloHSCT over a 20-year period (2003–2022). Results: The 121 patients have a median age of 41 (range 16–71). Diagnoses include B-NHL (N = 41, diffuse large B cell lymphoma n = 21, follicular lymphoma n = 2, mantle cell lymphoma n = 6, primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma n = 5, chronic lymphocytic leukemia n = 7), T-NHL (N = 38, peripheral T cell lymphoma n = 32, other T-NHL n = 6), NK T cell (N = 24) and HL (N = 18). 84% received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), and 27.3% had a previous transplant. Donor types include matched sibling donor (N = 54), matched unrelated donor (N = 35), Haplo-identical donors (N = 23) and Cord blood (N = 9). With a median duration of follow up of 56 months (range 0–232 months), the 4-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 38% and 45% respectively. The non-relapse mortality was 11.6% at day 100 and 24% at 1 year. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was 36.4% with 5 patients having grade IV acute GvHD. On univariate analysis, patients who were in complete remission (CR) at the time of AlloHSCT and those who have been given RIC had improved OS. Subset analyses showed that the outcomes of AlloHSCT for relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma were the most favourable (4-year PFS and OS at 61.2% and 62% respectively), whereas patients with T-NHL, B-NHL and NK T cell lymphoma had lower survival rates (4-year PFS 35%, 44%, 19%; 4-year OS 52%, 43%, 30% respectively). Keyword: Stem Cell Transplant No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.
Information-preserving structures: A general framework for quantum zero-error information (2010)

Quantum systems carry information. Quantum theory supports at least two distinct kinds of information (classical and quantum), and a variety of different ways to encode and preserve information in physical systems. A system's ability to carry information is constrained and defined by the noise in its dynamics. This paper introduces an operational framework, using information-preserving structures, to classify all the kinds of information that can be perfectly (i.e., with zero error) preserved by quantum dynamics. We prove that every perfectly preserved code has the same structure as a matrix algebra, and that preserved information can always be corrected. We also classify distinct operational criteria for preservation (e.g., ``noiseless,'' ``unitarily correctible,'' etc.) and introduce two natural criteria for measurement-stabilized and unconditionally preserved codes. Finally, for several of these operational criteria, we present efficient (polynomial in the state-space dimension) algorithms to find all of a channel's information-preserving structures.