gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proopiomelanocortin Gene Expression in Normal and Tumoral Human Lung* (1991)

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression is not restricted to the pituitary corticotroph cell, but also takes place in many normal and tumoral nonpituitary tissues. In contrast, the ectopic ACTH syndrome is a rare event. Because it is most often associated with lung tumors, we specifically studied this tissue, analyzing the different forms of POMC RNAs in normal specimens as well as in various types of tumors. The endocrine nature of the tumors was assessed by both histological examination and measurements of secretogranin-I fragments in the tissue extracts. POMC RNA was first detected by Northern blot analysis; its absolute amounts and its various molecular forms were more precisely quantified and discriminated by S1 mapping studies using a single stranded DNA probe located at the 5' end of exon 3. In five bronchial carcinoid tumors associated with the ectopic ACTH syndrome, a highly predominant, if not single, POMC RNA identical to the 1200-nucleotide (nt) pituitary message was present, the high amounts of which were correlated with those of POMC peptides in the same tissues. In five bronchial carcinoid tumors not associated with the ectopic ACTH syndrome, the same message was detected (four of five), with a second, often predominant, short RNA of about 800 nt (five of five), and the overall amounts of POMC RNAs were low. Similar patterns of POMC RNAs were observed in squamous cell tumors, adenocarcinomas, and normal lung, where the short 800-nt RNA tended to be predominant. These results show that POMC gene expression can be demonstrated in normal lung tissue and in all types of lung tumors. The ectopic ACTH syndrome only occurs with tumors capable of generating high amounts of the pituitary-like message, a phenomenon that seems to be restricted to an occasional tumor with features of neuroendocrine differentiation.
2D Selective‐TOCSY‐DQFCOSY Experiment for Identification of Individual Sugar Components in Oligosaccharides (2003)

In this paper, we describe an improved 2D selective‐TOCSY‐COSY experiment for the unambiguous assignment of an individual sugar component in oligosaccharides. We used a DQFCOSY with a pulsed‐field gradient instead of a conventional COSY in this improved experiment. The network of proton signals for a selected sugar in an oligosaccharide is observed as the diagonal peaks in the 2D spectrum by use of the first TOCSY period, and the correlation signals between J‐coupled neighboring protons are clearly observed as the cross peak, including the signals observed close to the diagonal peaks by the second DQFCOSY development. Even when the signals do not appear in a well‐separated form of a 1D spectrum, unambiguous sequential assignment of the proton signals of individual sugar components in an oligosaccharide is achieved by this method.
Erectile Dysfunction (2006)

ED is a highly manageable disorder in most patients. The patient and his partner have integral roles in the decision making process, since preferences regarding the importance of sexual activity, and the risks and benefits of treatment will vary greatly among individuals.
Abstract 4172: Activation of AR signaling by mifepristone enhances prostate cancer growth and impairs enzalutamide response (2017)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of the prostate, and is a key driver of prostate cancer initiation and progression. Hormone therapies that deprive the cancer of androgen have long been a mainstay of prostate cancer treatment. More recently, anti-androgens, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, have been approved for use in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Evidence also suggests that AR may play an oncogenic role in certain breast cancers. Several recent publications have demonstrated that activation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) can confer resistance to enzalutamide, and GR has also been shown to provide protection from conventional chemotherapies in other solid tumor indications. Mifepristone, is a synthetic steroidal antagonist of progesterone receptor, and to a lesser extent of GR and AR. It is currently being tested in clinical trials in combination with enzalutamide in mCRPC, and in combination with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We sought to characterize the effect of mifepristone in pre-clinical models of prostate and breast cancer. Here we show that in the absence of androgen, mifepristone acts as a partial AR agonist, and this agonism can only be partially overcome by enzalutamide. We find that in low androgen conditions, mifepristone promotes the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and accelerates the growth of prostate tumors in xenograft models. Moreover, when given in combination, mifepristone significantly reduces the efficacy of enzalutamide in the LN-AR xenograft model. We are currently assessing the effects of mifepristone treatment in TNBC. Our findings suggest that partial AR agonist activity of mifepristone may have a negative impact in prostate and other AR positive cancers. We have developed a GR antagonist that is devoid of AR agonism to circumvent undesired effects on proliferation and drug response. Citation Format: Haiying Zhou, Nadine Jachan, Mallika Singh, Chris Tran, Dan McWeeney, Minna Balbas, Emily Schenkein, Tatiana Zovorotinskaya, Erica L. Jackson, Julio Medina, Daqing Sun, Yosup Rew, Xiaohui Du, John Eksterowicz, Xuelei Yan, Liusheng Zhu, Qiuping Ye, Valeria Fantin. Activation of AR signaling by mifepristone enhances prostate cancer growth and impairs enzalutamide response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4172. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4172
The pharmacology and safety profile of ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject ® ): structure/reactivity relationships of iron preparations (2009)

 ABSTRACT Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM, marketed as Ferinject ® ) is a new intravenous iron preparation. It combines the positive characteristics of iron dextran and iron sucrose but is not associated with dextraninduced hypersensitivity reactions and can be given in much higher doses than iron sucrose or iron gluconate. The chemical characteristic of the ironcarbohydrate complex means that iron is released slowly, avoiding toxicity and oxidative stress. Up to 1000 mg iron can be given in a single administration of FCM, and this can be given by rapid infusion over 15 minutes. The reduced administration time, coupled with the fact that a test dose is not required (in contrast to iron dextran and iron sucrose) and the fact that a large amount of iron can be given in one dosage, offer convenience for patients and potential cost savings for healthcare providers.
WAT-free mice: diabetes without obesity (1998)

Two papers appearing in this issue report the generation of transgenic mice largely devoid of white adipose tissue (WAT). In both cases the resulting mice display anatomical and physiological properties very similar to human patients suffering from generalized lipodystrophy. Such patients lack WAT, a condition resulting from either genetic or autoimmune etiologies, and are severely diabetic The present reports provide fresh and interesting observations regarding the physiological consequences of life without fat and, moreover, establish animal models that offer new opportunities for the study of type 2 diabetes.
Ceramic Resistors and Capacitors Embedded in Organic Printed Wiring Boards (2003)

Combining thick-film and printed wiring board processes allows thick-film ceramic resistors and capacitors to be embedded in printed wiring boards (PWB). The resistor materials are based on lanthanum boride and cover the range of 10 ohm/square to 10 Kohm/square resistivities. The capacitor material is based on doped barium titanate. Both systems are designed to be “thick-film” printed on copper foil in the locations desired in the circuit and the foil is then fired in nitrogen at 900°C to form the ceramic component on the copper foil. The foil is then laminated, component face down, to FR4 using standard prepreg. The inner layer is then etched to reveal the components in a FR4 matrix. The resistors can be trimmed to tight tolerance at this stage and the components tested. The inner layer can then be laminated into a multilayer PWB. The process is described and the influence of board design, PWB processing and materials are presented and discussed. Examples of circuits using embedded thick-film passives are shown and results of reliability studies are presented.
Model-Based Machine Learning for Communications (2022)

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Mobile visual search on printed documents using text and low bit-rate features (2011)

We present a novel mobile printed document retrieval system that utilizes both text and low bit-rate features. On the client phone, text are detected using an algorithm based on edge-enhanced Maximally Stable Extremal Regions. The title text image patch is rectified using a gradient based algorithm and recognized using Optical Character Recognition. Low bit-rate image features are extracted from the query image. Both text and compressed features are sent to a server. On the server, the title text is used for on-line search and the features are used for image-based comparison. The proposed system is capable of web-scale document retrieval using title text without the need of constructing a document image database. Using features for image-based comparison, we can reliably match retrieved documents to the query document. Last, by using text and low bit-rate features, we can reduce the transmitted query size significantly.
C-Type Lectins on Dendritic Cells and Their Interaction with Pathogen-Derived and Endogenous Glycoconjugates (2006)

Human C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) characteristically bind glycosylated ligands in a Ca(2+)-dependent way via their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Their carbohydrate preference is dependent on the amino acid sequence in the CRD domain and on the ability and flexibility of the CRD domain to accommodate sugar moieties that are located at different distances from each other in the glycoconjugate. Although microbial and vertebrate cells are able to produce similar polysaccharide chains, the density of carbohydrates on microbes is much higher compared to vertebrate cells. Despite this difference, carbohydrates present on both cell types can be recognized by the CLRs. These receptors are predominantly expressed by antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells. In addition to the Toll-like receptor family, CLRs function as pattern recognition receptors by recognizing glycosylated patterns on pathogens. This usually results in internalization of the pathogen, lysosomal degradation and subsequent loading of pathogen-derived peptides into major histocompatibility complex molecules for antigen presentation. However, several pathogens have developed ways to exploit the CLRs to evade immune eradication by for example escaping from the lysosomal degradation pathway or by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. When CLRs bind endogenous glycosylated ligands they mediate several processes like cell-cell adhesion and clearance of aberrant cells like tumor cells or apoptotic cells.
On‐line capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of nucleotides (1995)

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and reversed anionic capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) conditions have been developed for the separation of mixtures comprised of monophosphate nucleosides, pyridine and flavin dinucleotides, and monophosphate dinucleosides. Results for the on-line coupling of CZE and CITP with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) are presented. CITP-tandem MS is utilized to provide both molecular weight and structural information of monophosphate dinucleotides. The fragmentation pattern of dinucleotides in the low collision energy range is described. The resulting mass spectra are readily interpreted in terms of dinucleotide structures. These results demonstrate the new capability for applications for the study of DNA and RNA.
Design and structure of a novel Neurokinin A receptor antagonist cyclo(-Met1-Asp2-Trp3-Phe4-Dap5-Leu6-)cyclo(2β-5β) (1995)

We report here the rational design, synthesis and structural characterization in the solid state and in solution of the most potent and selective peptide-based Neurokinin A (NKA) antagonist, thus far described. We predicted the bioactive conformation of the known NKA antagonist cyclo(-Met1-Gln2-Trp3-Phe4-Gly5-Leu6-) by comparison with the known structures of other cyclohexapeptides. On this basis we designed a highly constrained peptide molecule corresponding to a bicyclic hexapeptide containing two rings of 14 atoms, namely cyclo(-Met1-Asp2-Trp3-Phe4-Dap5-Leu6-)cyclo(2β-5β). It was synthesized efficiently, using a combined solution and solid phase strategy. We fully characterized this molecule in the solid state by X-ray diffraction and we show that it adopts an almost identical conformation in acetonitrile solution by NMR spectroscopy. This structure fully confirms our hypothetical model. Its structure and conformational rigidity in solution explain the high potency and selectivity and the resistance to proteolytic degradation. Therefore the structural requirements for NKA antagonistic activity are clarified.
Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Enhanced Activation of Th17 Lymphocytes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2023)

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may show mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The mechanisms involved remain unclear. The plasma concentrations of several cytokines and chemokines were measured in 71 NAFLD patients (20 with and 51 without MCI) and 61 controls. Characterization and activation of leukocyte populations and CD4<sup>+</sup> sub-populations were carried out and analyzed by flow cytometry. We analyzed the cytokines released from CD4<sup>+</sup> cell cultures and the mRNA expression of transcription factors and receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The appearance of MCI in NAFLD patients was associated with increased activation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes, mainly of the Th17 subtype, increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-23, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6, INF-γ, and IL-13, and higher expression of the CCR2 receptor. Constitutive expression of IL-17 was found in cultures of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells from MCI patients, reflecting Th17 activation. High IL-13 plasma levels were predictive of MCI and could reflect a compensatory anti-inflammatory response to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study identified some specific alterations of the immune system associated with the appearance of neurological alterations in MCI patients with NAFLD that could be the basis to improve and restore cognitive functions and quality of life in these patients.
Evidence based analysis of internal conflicts caused by disparity inaccuracy (2009)

For future driver assistance and safety systems highly reliable and comprehensive maps of the car's environment are needed. The map quality depends highly on the accuracy and the interpretation of a given set of measurements. This contribution introduces two metrics derived from Dempster-Shafer theory. By means of these metrics two different inverse sensor models are compared. This comparison is done for two given sets of data from a stereo video sensor with pixel and subpixel accuracy. The introduced metrics reflect the abilities of the inverse sensor models to build reliable and comprehensive maps. Furthermore they show the connection between these abilities, the inverse sensor model parameter and the measurement accuracy.
3D electroplated inductors with thickness variation for improved broadband performance (2016)

The performance of an RF spiral inductor is based on the balance between ohmic losses in the outer turns and eddy current losses dominant in the inner turns where the magnetic field is the strongest. In this work, air-core spiral inductors with winding trace thicknesses decreasing towards the center are demonstrated, achieving quality factor improvement over a wide frequency range compared to uniform thickness inductors. A custom 3D copper electroplating process was used to produce spiral inductors with varying winding thicknesses in a single plating step, with patterned gaps in a seed layer used to create delays in the vertical plating. The fabricated center-lowered coil inductors were 80 nH within a one square millimeter area with thickness varying from 60 µm to 10 µm from outer to inner winding. Within the 16 MHz–160 MHz range, the center-lowered inductors were shown to have a maximum to minimum quality factor improvement of 90%–10% when compared to uniform thickness inductors with thicknesses ranging from 60 µm to 10 µm. Compared to the 20 µm uniform thickness inductor which has the optimal performance among all uniform thickness inductors in this frequency range, the center-lowered inductors were shown to achieve a maximum quality factor improvement of 20% at the edge frequencies of 16 MHz and 160 MHz, and a minimum quality factor improvement of 10% near the geometric mean center frequency of 46 MHz.
Probing Asphaltene Aggregation in Native Crude Oils with Low-Field NMR (2010)

We show that low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and diffusion experiments can be used to study asphaltene aggregation directly in crude oils. Relaxation was found to be multiexponential, reflecting the composition of a complex fluid. Remarkably, the relaxation data for samples with different asphaltene concentrations can be collapsed onto each other by a simple rescaling of the time dimension with a concentration-dependent factor xi, whereas the observed diffusion behavior is unaffected by asphaltene concentration. We interpret this finding in terms of a theoretical model that explains the enhanced relaxation by the transitory entanglement of solvent hydrocarbons within asphaltene clusters and their subsequent slowed motion and diffusion within the cluster. We relate the measured scaling parameters xi to cluster sizes, which we find to be on the order of 2.2-4.4 nm for an effective sphere diameter. These sizes are in agreement with the typical values reported in the literature as well as with the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments performed on our samples.
dAtaxin-2 mediates expanded Ataxin-1-induced neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of SCA1 (2005)

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders sharing atrophy of the cerebellum as a common feature.SCA1 and SCA2 are two ataxias caused by expansion of polyglutamine tracts in Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) and Ataxin-2 (ATXN2), respectively, two proteins that are otherwise unrelated.Here, we use a Drosophila model of SCA1 to unveil molecular mechanisms linking Ataxin-1 with Ataxin-2 during SCA1 pathogenesis.We show that wild-type Drosophila Ataxin-2 (dAtx2) is a major genetic modifier of human expanded Ataxin-1 (Ataxin-1[82Q]) toxicity.Increased dAtx2 levels enhance, and more importantly, decreased dAtx2 levels suppress Ataxin-1[82Q]-induced neurodegeneration, thereby ruling out a pathogenic mechanism by depletion of dAtx2.Although Ataxin-2 is normally cytoplasmic and Ataxin-1 nuclear, we show that both dAtx2 and hAtaxin-2 physically interact with Ataxin-1.Furthermore, we show that expanded Ataxin-1 induces intranuclear accumulation of dAtx2/hAtaxin-2 in both Drosophila and SCA1 postmortem neurons.These observations suggest that nuclear accumulation of Ataxin-2 contributes to expanded Ataxin-1-induced toxicity.We tested this hypothesis engineering dAtx2 transgenes with nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES).We find that NLS-dAtx2, but not NES-dAtx2, mimics the neurodegenerative phenotypes caused by Ataxin-1[82Q], including repression of the proneural factor Senseless.Altogether, these findings reveal a previously unknown functional link between neurodegenerative disorders with common clinical features but different etiology.
Continuous Adjoint Sensitivities for Optimization with General Cost Functionals on Unstructured Meshes (2001)

A continuous adjoint approach is developed to obtain the sensitivity derivatives for the Euler equations. The completederivationofthecostateequations andtheirtransversality (boundary)conditionsarepresented. Both the state and the costate equations are second-order e nite volume discretized for unstructured meshes, and they are coupled with a constrained optimization algorithm. Also integrated into the overall methodology are a geometry parameterization method for the shape optimization, and a dynamic unstructured mesh method for the shape evolution and the consequent volume mesh adaptations. For the proof of concept, three transonic airfoil optimization problems are presented. This method accepts general cost functionals, which are not necessarily functions of pressure only. It is also shown that a switch to the natural coordinate system in conjunction with the reduction of the governing state equation to the control surface results in sensitivity integrals that are only a function of the tangential derivativesof the state variables. Thisapproach eliminates the need fornormal derivativecomputations that can be erroneous.
A Power-Efficient 32 bit ARM Processor Using Timing-Error Detection and Correction for Transient-Error Tolerance and Adaptation to PVT Variation (2010)

Razor is a hybrid technique for dynamic detection and correction of timing errors. A combination of error detecting circuits and micro-architectural recovery mechanisms creates a system that is robust in the face of timing errors, and can be tuned to an efficient operating point by dynamically eliminating unused timing margins. Savings from margin reclamation can be realized as per device power-efficiency improvement, or parametric yield improvement for a batch of devices. In this paper, we apply Razor to a 32 bit ARM processor with a micro-architecture design that has balanced pipeline stages with critical memory access and clock-gating enable paths. The design is fabricated on a UMC 65 nm process, using industry standard EDA tools, with a worst-case STA signoff of 724 MHz. Based on measurements on 87 samples from split-lots, we obtain 52% power reduction for the overall distribution at 1 GHz operation. We present error rate driven dynamic voltage and frequency scaling schemes where runtime adaptation to PVT variations and tolerance of fast transients is demonstrated. All Razor cells are augmented with a sticky error history bit, allowing precise diagnosis of timing errors over the execution of test vectors. We show potential for parametric yield improvement through energy-efficient operation using Razor.