gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational Sampling of the Intrinsically Disordered C-Terminal Tail of DERA Is Important for Enzyme Catalysis (2018)

2-Deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) catalyzes the reversible conversion of acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into deoxyribose-5-phosphate. DERA is used as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of drugs such as statins and is a promising pharmaceutical target due to its involvement in nucleotide catabolism. Despite previous biochemical studies suggesting the catalytic importance of the C-terminal tyrosine residue found in several bacterial DERAs, the structural and functional basis of its participation in catalysis remains elusive because the electron density for the last eight to nine residues (i.e., the C-terminal tail) is absent in all available crystal structures. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we conclusively show that the rarely studied C-terminal tail of <i>E. coli</i> DERA (<i>ec</i>DERA) is intrinsically disordered and exists in equilibrium between open and catalytically relevant closed states, where the C-terminal tyrosine (Y259) enters the active site. Nuclear Overhauser effect distance restraints, obtained due to the presence of a substantial closed state population, were used to derive the solution-state structure of the <i>ec</i>DERA closed state. Real-time NMR hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments reveal that Y259 is required for efficiency of the proton abstraction step of the catalytic reaction. Phosphate titration experiments show that, in addition to the phosphate-binding residues located near the active site, as observed in the available crystal structures, <i>ec</i>DERA contains previously unknown auxiliary phosphate-binding residues on the C-terminal tail which could facilitate in orienting Y259 in an optimal position for catalysis. Thus, we present significant insights into the structural and mechanistic importance of the <i>ec</i>DERA C-terminal tail and illustrate the role of conformational sampling in enzyme catalysis.
Modeling Trichloroethene Reduction, Methanogenesis, and Homoacetogenesis in a H2-Based Biofilm (2019)

Homoacetogenesis and methanogenesis, which usually occur during anaerobic trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination, affect the removal of TCE and its daughter products. This study develops a one-dimensional, multispecies H2-based biofilm model to simulate the interactions among six solid biomass species [Dehalococcoides, Geobacter, methanogens, homoacetogens, inert biomass (IB), and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)] and 10 dissolved chemical species [TCE, dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethene, hydrogen (H2), methane, acetate, bicarbonate, utilization associated products (UAP), and biomass associated products (BAP)]. To evaluate and parameterize the model, parameter values from the literature were input into the model to simulate conditions reported for an experiment. The biomass species distribution in the biofilm and the chemical species concentrations in the reactor effluent at a steady state were generally consistent between the experiments and the model. The predicted 15-μm biofilm consisted of three layers, each dominated by a different active biomass type: homoacetogens in the layer next to the membrane, Geobacter in the biofilm surface layer (next to the water), and Dehalococcoides in-between.
High-throughput optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor array for monitoring single-cell secretion in real-time (2022)

We report a high-throughput biosensing microarray platform integrating ultrasensitive nanoplasmonic substrate and microwell compartments for label-free and real-time secretome monitoring. Interleukin-2 from hundreds of single EL4 cells were measured and a statistical analysis was done.
Generation of asymmetric topographic structures in Cu-Sn connectors using extended direct laser interference patterning for the tailoring of insertion and removal forces (2022)

The reduction of insertion forces of separable electrical connections has been one of the main demands of the connector industry, and most solutions combine the use of lubricants with a specific connector design. An important challenge here is that there is a need for a solution that requires lower contact forces during mating while still ensuring a stable electrically conductive connection, without compromising the mechanical stability of the connection in operation. Extended direct laser interference patterning (xDLIP) was used here to generate asymmetric saw-tooth structures on Sn-coated Cu connectors. The main objective is generating an anisotropic tribological behavior, in which the insertion force is significantly lower than the removal force. Topographical interlocking is the main mechanism governing the observed anisotropy. The tailored connectors were characterized tribologically and electrically by simulating insertion/removal cycles and determining the evolution of the contact resistance at the end of each insertion motion. Different structural inclinations, counter-electrode geometry, and contact forces were evaluated. For certain combinations, it is possible to observe substantial differences between the insertion and removal forces, of up to 4 times. Summarizing, this work presents a chemistry-free route to influence the insertion and removal forces in connectors, without affecting the electrical characteristics at their contact spot.
Autonomous sensor module powered by impact-enhanced energy harvester from broadband low-frequency vibrations (2013)

This work proposes and experimentally validates an autonomous battery-less sensor module based on off-the-shelf electronics powered by a multi-beam piezoelectric energy converter that exploits impact to widen the harvesting bandwidth at low frequency. The module manages the converted energy, interfaces two sensors and periodically sends the measurement signals over a radio-frequency (RF) link. The architecture and principle have been experimentally validated on a fabricated proof-of-concept prototype. The solution that exploits impact increases the overall rms output voltage of the converter of up to 35% and widens the useful bandwidth toward lower frequencies of up to 50% over the no-impact condition at parity of mechanical excitation. In the tested experimental conditions, the prototype features a typical time interval between measurement-and-transmission events of a few seconds, with event durations of the order of tens of milliseconds, corresponding to an operation duty cycle of about 1%. The average power consumption during transmission is of the order of 35 mW with an operative range of 25 m in laboratory environment.
TNF‐α‐ and TRAIL‐resistant glioma cells undergo autophagy‐dependent cell death induced by activated microglia (2008)

The role of microglia, the brain resident macrophages, in glioma biology is still ill-defined. Despite their cytotoxic potential, these cells that significantly infiltrate the tumor mass seem to support tumor growth rather than tumor eradication. A proper activation of microglia anti-tumor activities within the tumor may provide a valuable additional arm of defense to immunotherapies against brain tumors. We herewith report a detailed characterization of (lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma)-induced anti-tumor activities of mouse primary microglia towards two TNF-alpha and TRAIL resistant glioma cell lines, in cell monolayer or spheroid cultures and in collagen-embedded tumor explants. Irrespective of the mouse strain, stimulated microglia secreted proteic factors that decreased proliferation and migration of these glioma cells and efficiently killed them. Death occurred specifically in glioma cells as demonstrated by the lack of toxicity of microglia supernatant towards primary cultures of astrocytes or neurons. Cell death was characterized by the early accumulation of acidic vesicles, phosphatidylserine exposure, appearance of double-membrane cytoplasmic vesicles, extensive zeiosis and a very late loss of DNA in cells that had lost membrane integrity. Inhibition of autophagosome formation efficiently protected glioma cells from death whereas caspase inhibition could only prevent DNA loss but not cytotoxicity. Death however, resulted from a blockade by microglia supernatant of the basal autophagic flux present in the glioma cells. These observations demonstrate that glioma cells resistant to apoptotic death ligands could be successfully and specifically killed through autophagy-dependent death induced by appropriately activated microglia.
Uncertainty contribution of the analog conditioning block in DSP-based instruments (2005)

The type-B evaluation of the uncertainty affecting the measurement provided by any instrument could be done by properly processing the nominal accuracy specifications of each functional block in the instrument. In DSP-based measurements, the implementation of such a procedure must face the difficulty arising from the fact that the parameters characterizing the accuracy of the input analog block are defined in the continuous-time domain. In this paper, a calibration procedure is proposed to tackle this issue. It is based on the use of high-accuracy data acquisition boards and the simultaneous acquisition of the signals at the input amid output of the analog block. The results of the calibration of active voltage transducers are reported. An application example is also developed and its results are discussed
CCR7 Deficiency in NOD Mice Leads to Thyroiditis and Primary Hypothyroidism (2009)

CCR7 is involved in the initiation of immune responses and has been recently implicated in the control of tolerance. To analyze the role of CCR7 in autoimmunity, we backcrossed CCR7(ko/ko) mice (in which ko signifies deficient) onto the autoimmune-prone NOD background. Surprisingly, NODCCR7(ko/ko) mice never developed diabetes, but showed severe inflammation in multiple tissues including thyroid, lung, stomach, intestine, uterus, and testis. NODCCR7(ko/ko) mice had a marked enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter) that was associated with circulating autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, and development of primary hypothyroidism (decreased levels of serum thyroxin, and augmented levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland), features found in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Cells isolated from diseased thyroids and activated splenocytes from NODCCR7(ko/ko) animals induced goiter in NOD.SCID recipients, demonstrating that autoreactive cells were generated in the absence of CCR7. Moreover, thyroid disease could be accelerated in young NODCCR7(ko/ko) mice by immunization with thyroglobulin. These results demonstrate the complexity in the generation of multiple autoimmune phenotypes in NOD mice and indicate that CCR7 is a key molecule in their development.
Demonstrating a cost-effective approach to core daylighting (2008)

This article described a solar canopy illumination system that is designed to reduce the need for electric lighting by providing daylight to the core, or interior regions of a building. It discussed the development of the first multi-floor daylighting system prototype with the potential for sufficiently lowering net lifecycle costs to enable widespread implementation. The paper presented the progress on the first demonstration in an existing building located on the campus of the British Columbia Institute of Technology in Burnaby, British Columbia. The purpose of the study was to illuminate a substantial portion of one floor of this three-storey building with daylight. The demonstration revealed a substantial reduction in the electrical lighting load and enabled an evaluation of the quality of the daylight illumination from the perspective of the building's occupants. The paper presented the overall canopy solar system design and discussed the various features of improved system efficiency, including adaptive butterfly array; parabolic concentrative mirrors; measuring system performance; dual-function light guides; and canopy enclosure. The initial demonstration project was also presented. Other topics that were discussed included the building interaction method and the installation of the light guides. It was concluded that this new optical design would enable the electric lighting in the building to be turned off at least 75 per cent of the standard workday hours when the sun shines and would send useful direct daylight more than 12 metres into the building core, in a manner that could integrate readily into standard architectural designs for new commercial buildings and retrofit opportunities. 12 refs., 14 figs.
Experimental demonstration of wavelength conversions of optical 36QAM and 64QAM through FWM in HNLF (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate wavelength conversions of 50-Gbps 36QAM and 60-Gbps 64QAM through four-wave mixing in highly-nonlinear fiber. Error free operations are successfully achieved for converted high-order QAMs with negligible power penalty at BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation Requirements and Usage Guidance for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) (2014)

This document updates the Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation
Requirements for the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and
Authentication Header (AH). It also adds usage guidance to help in the
selection of these algorithms. ESP and AH protocols make use of
various cryptographic algorithms to provide confidentiality and/or
data origin authentication to protected data communications in the IP
Security (IPsec) architecture. To ensure interoperability between
disparate implementations, the IPsec standard specifies a set of
mandatory-to- implement algorithms. This document specifies the
current set of mandatory-to-implement algorithms for ESP and AH,
specifies algorithms that should be implemented because they may be
promoted to mandatory at some future time, and also recommends against
the implementation of some obsolete algorithms. Usage guidance is also
provided to help the user of ESP and AH best achieve their security
goals through appropriate choices of cryptographic algorithms.
A rare IL33 loss-of-function mutation reduces blood eosinophil counts and protects from asthma (2017)

IL-33 is a tissue-derived cytokine that induces and amplifies eosinophilic inflammation and has emerged as a promising new drug target for asthma and allergic disease. Common variants at IL33 and IL1RL1, encoding the IL-33 receptor ST2, associate with eosinophil counts and asthma. Through whole-genome sequencing and imputation into the Icelandic population, we found a rare variant in IL33 (NM_001199640:exon7:c.487-1G>C (rs146597587-C), allele frequency = 0.65%) that disrupts a canonical splice acceptor site before the last coding exon. It is also found at low frequency in European populations. rs146597587-C associates with lower eosinophil counts (β = -0.21 SD, P = 2.5×10-16, N = 103,104), and reduced risk of asthma in Europeans (OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.70, P = 1.8×10-4, N cases = 6,465, N controls = 302,977). Heterozygotes have about 40% lower total IL33 mRNA expression than non-carriers and allele-specific analysis based on RNA sequencing and phased genotypes shows that only 20% of the total expression is from the mutated chromosome. In half of those transcripts the mutation causes retention of the last intron, predicted to result in a premature stop codon that leads to truncation of 66 amino acids. The truncated IL-33 has normal intracellular localization but neither binds IL-33R/ST2 nor activates ST2-expressing cells. Together these data demonstrate that rs146597587-C is a loss of function mutation and support the hypothesis that IL-33 haploinsufficiency protects against asthma.
Deuterium Adsorbed on MgO-Supported Iridium Clusters: Characterization by Infrared and Deuterium NMR Spectroscopies (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium Adsorbed on MgO-Supported Iridium Clusters: Characterization by Infrared and Deuterium NMR SpectroscopiesN. D. Triantafillou, M. L. Smith, M. A. Hepp, C. R. Dybowski, and B. C. GatesCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 6, 1793–1795Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00018a029https://doi.org/10.1021/la00018a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-Photon Absorption in Quadrupolar Bis(acceptor)-Terminated Chromophores with Electron-Rich Bis(heterocycle)vinylene Bridges (2007)

Two-photon absorption spectra for a range of bis(acceptor)-substituted bis(dibutoxythienyl)ethene and bis(N-hexylpyrrolyl)ethene chromophores have been recorded using Z-scan and white-light-continuum pump-probe techniques. All the chromophores studied show strong near-infrared two-photon absorption with cross sections in the range of 2400-5900 GM (1 GM = 1 × 10-50 cm 4 s/photon) at photon wavelengths between 1.0 and 1.3 μm; cross sections as high as 10000 GM can be accessed close to the one-photon absorption edge. Quantum-chemical calculations reproduce the experimentally observed variations of the two-photon properties with the chemical structure. © 2007 American Chemical Society.
Efficient optical amplification for spatial division multiplexing (2011)

Spatial division multiplexing has been proposed for fiber capacity increase as an alternative to enhanced bandwidth efficiency by higher order modulation or wider wavelength bands. The commercial viability of this approach will depend strongly on the feasibility of cost and energy efficient optical amplification. Lumped erbium doped fiber and distributed Raman amplifiers are the most promising candidates. Different approaches have been analyzed for the realization of preamplifier and booster stages with different active fiber types. The multi mode fiber type was found to possess more potential for cost and energy efficiency than the multi core fiber type.
Geometric calibration of seven degree of freedom robotic sample holder for x-ray CT (2022)

We present a geometric calibration method for integrating a seven degrees of freedom robotic arm as a sample holder within an existing laboratory X-ray computed tomography setup. We aim to provide a flexible sample holder that is able to execute non-standard and task-specific trajectories for complex samples. The calibration is necessary to identify the accurate pose of the sample which deviates from the expected pose due to inaccurate placement of the robotic arm. The robotic arm is integrated with a unified software package that allows for path planning, collision detection, geometric calibration and reconstruction of the sample. With our software the user is able to command the robotic arm to execute arbitrary trajectories for a given sample in a safe manner and output its reconstruction to the user. We present experimental results with a circular trajectory where the robotic sample holder achieves identical visual quality compared to a conventional sample holder.
Determination of transmission loss of materials from array measurements using nearfield acoustical holography/inverse boundary element methods in a transmission loss facility (2005)

A new approach for the measurement of transmission loss based on NAH is discussed in this paper. Two array configurations were tested to determine the transmission loss of sound isolation materials applied to an aircraft fuselage panel in Boeing’s interior noise test facility (INTF). The first configuration consisted of a 120 element planar array positioned conformal to the fuselage panel surface in the anechoic side of the TL facility. A second configuration used 50 microphones in a spherical array of diameter 0.4 meters placed in front of the panel. The normal intensity on the surface of the fuselage panel isolation layer was reconstructed using NAH/IBEM (nearfield acoustical holography/inverse boundary element methods) using partial fields generated from a set of reference accelerometers. The panel excitation was random plane wave fields generated in the reverberation room of the TL facility. This new approach measures the TL in narrow bands or 1/3 octave bands from 50 to 2 kHz, and is shown to be very accurate when compared with conventional TL measurements. This approach also provides the normal panel vibration for each partial field so that panel modes can be uncovered and studied. Furthermore, the spherical array provides a reconstruction of the vector acoustic intensity in the volume in front of the panel so that the magnitude and direction of the transmitted energy fields can be mapped.
The Featherstone laboratory pH cycling model: a prospective, multi-site validation exercise. (2011)

This cross-validation study confirmed the ability of the three independent laboratories to discriminate between various concentrations of fluoride-containing dentifrice formulations, demonstrated that clinically proven formulas perform as expected and identified an attenuated fluoride formulation (NaF/CaCO3 dentifrice - 1100 ppm NaF) as inferior compared to the 1100 ppm F (NaF/silica) positive control.
ChemInform Abstract: ARENE‐TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY. 2. HYDROGENATION OF METAL‐ARENE AND ALLYLMETAL‐ARENE COMPLEXES (1979)

Abstract Die Allylmetall‐Arene‐Komplexe (I) und (II) reagieren mit Wasserstoff bei etwa 85°C in Benzol oder Toluol unter ausschließlicher Übertragung des Hydridwasserstoffs an den Allylliganden mit irreversibler Bildung von Propylen.
Automatic color correction: region-based approach and performance evaluation using full reference metrics (2015)

We propose a solution for automatic color correction between two images/videos based on region correspondences. It starts with image segmentation by marker-controlled watershed transformation, which is faster and produces more uniform regions with better adherence to object boundaries than the segmentation in previous color correction approaches. Then regions between two images are matched using point feature correspondences, which are invariant to geometric transformation and illumination change. Finally, the color-distorted image is corrected using the color statistics of corresponding regions and the color transfer functions weighted by influence masks. We demonstrate the experimental results using several data sets and evaluate the color correction by different measures of image similarity.