gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Base Peak Chromatogram (BPC) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[[1,1‘-biphenyl]-4,4‘-diyl[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]] (1999)

A new high-performance material, poly[[1,1‘-biphenyl]-4,4‘-diyl[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]] (PDTFE), was prepared by Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)hexafluoropropane. The resulting high molecular weight polymer (M̄n of 19.2 × 103 g/mol by gel permeation chromatography and 27.5 × 103 g/mol by multiple-angle laser light scattering) is amorphous and soluble in a number of common organic solvents including tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and acetone. The solubility leads to ease of preparation, characterization, and processing of PDTFE. Excellent thermal properties were exhibited with a glass transition temperature of 255 °C and 10% weight loss values of 533 and 535 °C in nitrogen and air, respectively. The flame-retardant properties showed that the material meets the Federal Aviation Administration's current criteria for heat release capacity, total heat release, and char yield for flame-retardant materials. Additionally, colorless, transparent, creasable films were cast from chloroform. The film formation of PDTFE made the gas permeability measurements possible. PDTFE has a rather high oxygen permeability coefficient of 120 × 10-10 cm3 (STP)cm/(cm2·s·cmHg) and an O2/N2 selectivity of 2.9 at 35 °C. The new material has an impressively low dielectric constant of 2.56. Finally, the new polymer is highly hydrophobic with no detectable water uptake after 24 h in boiling water. The combination of facile synthesis and an excellent property profile makes this a unique phenylene-based high-performance polymer that will lead to a series of novel fluorinated materials.
Stiff versus Yielding Seats: Analysis of Matched Rear Impact Tests (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objective of this study was to analyze available anthropomorphic test device (ATD) responses from KARCO rear impact tests and to evaluate an injury predictive model based on crash severity and occupant weight presented by Saczalski et al. (2004). The KARCO tests were carried out with various seat designs. Biomechanical responses were evaluated in speed ranges of 7-12, 13-17, 18-23 and 24-34 mph. For this analysis, all tests with matching yielding and stiff seats and matching occupant size and weight were analyzed for cases without 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; row occupant interaction. Overall, the test data shows that conventional yielding seats provide a high degree of safety for small to large adult occupants in rear crashes; this data is also consistent with good field performance as found in NASS-CDS. Saczalski et al.'s (2004) predictive model of occupant injury is not correct as there are numerous cases from NASS-CDS that show no or minor injury in the region where serious injury is predicted. This model should not be used to assess injury risks in rear crashes.&lt;/div&gt;
Efficacy of therapeutic soft contact lens in the management of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (2019)

Wearing therapeutic SCLs in GDLD slows the progression of nodular lesions and decreases the need for surgical interventions.
Interrelationships Among Neuroimaging Biomarkers, Neuropsychological Test Data, and Symptom Reporting in a Cohort of Retired National Football League Players (2016)

Associating the severity of structural brain changes to neurocognitive performance and symptom burden after RBT is complex may involve other moderating variables or biomarkers, and demands further study.
Influence of organic capping layers on the performance of transparent organic light-emitting diodes (2011)

We investigate a set of transparent organic LEDs (TOLEDs) with different organic capping layer (OC) thicknesses to understand the capping layer effect. We find that thickness variation of the OC strongly influences the emission properties of TOLEDs and exhibits different trends for top or bottom emission. The external quantum efficiency for the top side can be enhanced by a factor of 63%, but that of the bottom side only by 4% compared to a reference device without an OC. Additionally, we demonstrate that the introduction of the OC is an effective method to control the bottom-to-top emission ratio within a measured range from 2.87 to 6.05.
Learning from Mistakes: Combining Ontologies via Self-Training for Dialogue Generation (2020)

Natural language generators (NLGs) for task-oriented dialogue typically take a meaning representation (MR) as input. They are trained end-to-end with a corpus of MR/utterance pairs, where the MRs cover a specific set of dialogue acts and domain attributes. Creation of such datasets is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, dialogue systems for new domain ontologies would benefit from using data for pre-existing ontologies. Here we explore, for the first time, whether it is possible to train an NLG for a new larger ontology using existing training sets for the restaurant domain, where each set is based on a different ontology. We create a new, larger combined ontology, and then train an NLG to produce utterances covering it. For example, if one dataset has attributes for family-friendly and rating information, and the other has attributes for decor and service, our aim is an NLG for the combined ontology that can produce utterances that realize values for family-friendly, rating, decor and service. Initial experiments with a baseline neural sequence-to-sequence model show that this task is surprisingly challenging. We then develop a novel self-training method that identifies (errorful) model outputs, automatically constructs a corrected MR input to form a new (MR, utterance) training pair, and then repeatedly adds these new instances back into the training data. We then test the resulting model on a new test set. The result is a self-trained model whose performance is an absolute 75.4% improvement over the baseline model. We also report a human qualitative evaluation of the final model showing that it achieves high naturalness, semantic coherence and grammaticality
The ASK family kinases differentially mediate induction of type I interferon and apoptosis during the antiviral response (2015)

Viral infection activates host defense mechanisms, including the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the apoptosis of infected cells. We investigated whether these two antiviral responses were differentially regulated in infected cells. We showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAPKKK) apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was activated in cells by the synthetic double-stranded RNA analog polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] and by RNA viruses, and that ASK1 played an essential role in both the induction of the gene encoding IFN-β (IFNB) and apoptotic cell death. In contrast, we found that the MAPKKK ASK2, a modulator of ASK1 signaling, was essential for ASK1-dependent apoptosis, but not for inducing IFNB expression. Furthermore, genetic deletion of either ASK1 or ASK2 in mice promoted the replication of influenza A virus in the lung. These results indicated that ASK1 and ASK2 are components of the antiviral defense mechanism and suggested that ASK2 acts as a key modulator that promotes apoptosis rather than the type I IFN response. Because ASK2 is selectively present in epithelium-rich tissues, such as the lung, ASK2-dependent apoptosis may contribute to an antiviral defense in tissues with a rapid repair rate in which cells could be readily replaced.
Event-Based Pixel Sensitive to Changes of Color and Brightness (2011)

Vision sensors whose pixels asynchronously generate informative output events are gathering increasing interest because they can reduce the data latency, rate, and redundancy, while also increasing dynamic range. This paper proposes such a dynamic vision sensor (DVS) pixel which is aimed at color vision (cDVS). The pixel combines subthreshold continuous time analog circuits with event-driven switched capacitor amplifiers and asynchronous digital outputs. The cDVS simultaneously detects separate log-intensity and wavelength change events using a single buried double junction (BDJ) photodiode. Chip measurements show that the cDVS color change pathway can detect light wavelength changes as small as 15 nm while the cDVS relative intensity change pathway detects changes as small as 10% of intensity. The circuit is characterized and improvements are proposed.
Evidence for Cyclophosphate Formation During Hydrolysis of 3-Methyl-cycloSal-PCVMP (1999)

A hydrolysis study of 3-methyl-cycloSal-PCVMP 2 is described. Surprisingly, phosphotriester 5 released in this study not the expected PCVMP, but cycloPCVMP.
Fault-Tolerant Key Distribution (Preliminary Version) (1993)

Abstract : Many authentication or key distribution protocols have been proposed to distribute crypto- graphic keys for secure communication in open networks. These protocols often employ trusted authentication and time services whose corruption or failure could result in security breaches or prevent correct principals from establishing secure communication. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of authentication and time services that securely and fault-tolerantly support key distribution. By using replication only when necessary, and introducing novel replication techniques when it was necessary, we have constructed these services to be easily defensible against malicious attack. Moreover, the transient unavailability of even a substantial number of servers does not hinder key distribution between correct principals or expose protocols to intruder attacks. We also describe how these services function as the foundation for a more comprehensive security architecture that we have implemented for fault-tolerant systems.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of cytoskeletal proteins: Microtubules and intermediate filaments (1990)

Direct STM observation of native biomolecules has proven feasible. In this study we have used STM to image two filamentous protein components of the intracellular cytoskeleton: microtubules (MT) and intermediate filaments (IF). MT are 25 nm diameter cylinders comprised of 13 ‘‘protofilaments’’ which are linear chains of 8 nm × 4 nm × 4 nm ‘‘dimer’’ subunits. More variable than MT, IF are 10 nm diameter coils comprised of from 4 to 8 ‘‘subfilaments’’ which are chains of ‘‘tetramer’’ subunits. MT were isolated from porcine brain and IF from cell culture by standard techniques. Preparation/stabilization factors included magnesium buffer, 0.8 molar glycerol, and 0.1% glutaraldehyde. Samples were scanned on graphite in a Nanoscope I or II STM (Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, California). STM images of MT demonstrated flattened 25 nm diameter structures composed of 4 nm wide protofilaments. Processed inverted images showed rows of 8 nm × 4 nm subunits. STM images of IF showed flattened, parallel 10 nm filaments comprised of coiled chains of 6–12 nm tetramer subunits. Thus STM demonstrated internal structure of two different classes of cytoskeletal proteins. STM and related techniques have an important future in biomolecular studies.
Gas-phase NMR investigation of internal rotation in N,N-dimethyltrifluoroacetamide. Phase dependence of kinetic parameters (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase NMR investigation of internal rotation in N,N-dimethyltrifluoroacetamide. Phase dependence of kinetic parametersBrian D. Ross, Nancy S. True, and Debra L. DeckerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 1, 89–94Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/j100224a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (792 KB) Get e-Alerts
(Invited) Reverse Electrodialysis for Unique Devices (2016)

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is emerging as one of the promising process for generating electrical power from renewable energy sources. Production of electrical power was demonstrated by mixing the fresh and salt water which are inexhaustible resources at the mouth of river for the first time in early 1950s. This idea had not been receiving keen attention, however, before we seriously faced the depletion crisis of natural power resources. Recently, a couple of European countries, including Netherland, Sweden, and Italy, have been interested in the study and development of salinity gradient power-based electricity production systems. For instance, Wetsus center in Netherland built up experimentally and theoretically optimized RED systems to obtain maximum electrical power for sustainable water technology with given materials and mechanical engineering resources. They are developing the pilot RED plant capable of 200 MW electricity production and ultimately planning to supply local public/private housing. Meanwhile, some scientists paid attention to unique applications based on eco-friendly RED systems. As an application, Logan group at Pennsylvania State University showed significantly increased electricity production with simultaneous purification of waste water using the hybrid system of RED and microbial cell. They also reported the hydrogen production strategy by generating electricity in the same combinations. In this talk, a few unique applications based on RED system as a new electrical power source are introduced and discussed.
The β-1,3-Exoglucanase GeneexgA(exg1) ofAspergillus oryzaeIs Required to Catabolize Extracellular Glucan, and Is Induced in Growth on a Solid Surface (2007)

The biological role of ExgA (Exg1), a secretory beta-1,3-exoglucanase of Aspergillus oryzae, and the expression pattern of the exgA (exg1) gene were analyzed. The exgA disruptant and the exgA-overexpressing mutant were constructed, and phenotypes of both mutants were compared. Higher mycelial growth rate and conidiation efficiency were observed for the exgA-overexpressing mutant than for the exgA disruptant when beta-1,3-glucan was supplied as sole carbon source. On the other hand, no difference in phenotype was observed between them in the presence or absence of the inhibitors of cell wall beta-glucan remodeling when grown with glucose. exgA Expression was induced in growth on solid surfaces such as filter membrane and onion inner skin. A combination of poor nutrition and mycelial attachment to a hydrophobic solid surface appears to be an inducing factor for exgA expression. These data suggest that ExgA plays a role in beta-glucan utilization, but is not much involved in cell wall beta-glucan remodeling.
Customer Data Driven PHEV Refuel Distance Modeling and Estimation (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have an EV mode driving range which can cover a portion of customer daily driving. This EV mode range affects the refuel frequency substantially compared with conventional vehicle. For a conventional vehicle, daily driving pattern, tank size and fuel economy are the factors affecting the refuel frequency. While for a PHEV, EV range is another factor would affect the results substantially. Traditional method of label range can’t represent real world driving range between fill-ups for PHEV well. How to accurately predict the PHEV refuel distance taking into account real world customer driving patterns and PHEV parameters become critical for PHEV system design and optimization. This paper presents real world big customer data based PHEV refuel distance estimation modeling. The target is to estimate PHEV refuel distance given several specific parameters such as EV range, hybrid mode fuel economy, tank size etc. A big EuroFOT data set is used for the analysis and model development. Then a linear model is developed based on sensitivity analysis. The estimation results are compared with the NHTS data based estimation, and validated with the real world PHEV data. Finally an Neural Network based estimation model is proposed to further capture the non-linearity in the model and improve accuracy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Inpatient Palliative Care Consultation for Patients with Brain and Spine Metastases (2020)

Price, Meghan; Howell, Elizabeth P BS; Dalton, Tara; Ramirez, Luis; Williamson, Theresa; Painter, Brice; Check, Devon; Kamal, Arif; Goodwin, C. Rory MD, PhD Author Information
Grating-based phase-contrast CT (PCCT): histopathological correlation of human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma specimen (2020)

Grating-based PCCT provides comparable results for the characterisation of human specimen of liver cirrhosis and HCC using either a synchrotron light source or a conventional X-ray tube. Due to its high soft-tissue contrast and its applicability to conventional X-ray tubes grating-based PCCT holds potential for preclinical research and virtual histology applications.
New approach to manufacturing field emitter arrays with sub-half-micron gate apertures (1996)

As an attempt to develop a field emitter array with sub-half-micron gate openings for low voltage operation, a new fabrication method has been proposed and demonstrated. The key element of the new process is forming the gate insulator by local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), resulting in the reduction of the gate hole size due to the lateral encroachment of oxide, ultimately compared with the nitride disc size formed by a conventional contact printer. Feasibility of scaling down the gate hole size of a field emitter to sub-half-micron has been proved successfully, and the field emitter with a 450 nm diam gate opening has been fabricated and characterized. For a 2500-tip array with 450 nm diam gate openings, the anode current of 115 μA(∼50 nA/tip) was measured at the gate voltage of 41 V, while the gate current was less than 0.3% of the anode current. Considering the cathode current level required for flat panel display applications and the measured emission characteristics, the fabricated emitter array is expected to operate at a column drive voltage of about 16 V peak-to-peak.
Euthanasia Assessment in Ebola Virus Infected Nonhuman Primates (2014)

Multiple products are being developed for use against filoviral infections. Efficacy for these products will likely be demonstrated in nonhuman primate models of filoviral disease to satisfy licensure requirements under the Animal Rule, or to supplement human data. Typically, the endpoint for efficacy assessment will be survival following challenge; however, there exists no standardized approach for assessing the health or euthanasia criteria for filovirus-exposed nonhuman primates. Consideration of objective criteria is important to (a) ensure test subjects are euthanized without unnecessary distress; (b) enhance the likelihood that animals exhibiting mild or moderate signs of disease are not prematurely euthanized; (c) minimize the occurrence of spontaneous deaths and loss of end-stage samples; (d) enhance the reproducibility of experiments between different researchers; and (e) provide a defensible rationale for euthanasia decisions that withstands regulatory scrutiny. Historic records were compiled for 58 surviving and non-surviving monkeys exposed to Ebola virus at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Clinical pathology parameters were statistically analyzed and those exhibiting predicative value for survival are reported. These findings may be useful for standardization of objective euthanasia assessments in rhesus monkeys exposed to Ebola virus and may serve as a useful approach for other standardization efforts.
Parathyroid hormone is not involved in prostate growth in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2011)

In Korean patients with histopathologically proven BPH, high PTH, vitamin D, and calcium levels do not stimulate prostate growth.
Pilot Survey of the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Primary Care: A Singaporean Perspective (2004)

Local primary care physicians diagnose congestive heart failure using non-specific symptoms and signs. Obstacles to optimal congestive heart failure management were identified. We hope our results will lead to strategies to improve patient care.
Lead-free piezoelectric (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramic with planar-mode coupling coefficient comparable to that of conventional lead zirconate titanate (2017)

We developed a (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with a KTiNbO5 system, (K1−xNax)0.86Ca0.04Li0.02Nb0.85O3−δ–K0.85Ti0.85Nb1.15O5–BaZrO3–Fe2O3–MgO (K1−xNxN–NTK–FM). K1−xNxN–NTK–FM ceramic exhibits a very dense microstructure and a coupling coefficient of kp = 0.59, which is almost comparable to that of conventional lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramic has the Γ15 mode for a wide x range. The nanodomains of orthorhombic (K,Na)NbO3 with the M3 mode coexist within the tetragonal Γ15 mode (K,Na)NbO3 matrix. Successive phase transition cannot occur with increasing x. The maximum kp is observed at approximately the minimum x required to generate the M3 mode phase. Unlike the behavior at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in PZT, the characteristics of K1−xNxN–NTK–FM ceramic in this region changed moderately. This gentle phase transition seems to be a relaxor, although the diffuseness degree is not in line with this hypothesis. Furthermore, piezoelectric properties change from "soft" to "hard" upon the M3 mode phase aggregation.
Nucleophilic character of alkyl radicals. XIV. Homolytic δ‐aminoalkylation of protonated quinoxaline (1976)

Abstract A new general reaction of wide synthetic interest, involving homolytic δ‐aminoalkylation of quinoxaline in acidic medium, is described. Primary and secondary alkylamines, through the corresponding N ‐chloroamines, and tertiary alkylamines, through the corresponding N ‐oxides, are used. The mechanism of the reaction, involving intramolecular hydrogen abstraction by amino radical cations, and the unusual selectivity are discussed in terms of nucleophilic character of the alkyl radicals and of polar effects in the aromatic substitution.