gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vehicular Positioning Using mmWave TDOA with a Dynamically Tuned Covariance Matrix (2021)

5G/6G small cells have the potential to enable sub- meter positioning accuracy in urban canyons and downtown scenarios, where global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) suffer the most. In order offer a robust 5G/6G time-based trilateration position solution, extended Kalman filter (EKF) is usually utilized to estimate the position. One of the main drawbacks of EKF lies in its linearization of state dynamics and processes, which would inevitably induce linearization errors. Such errors would propagate through the filter, which will eventually lead to positioning errors. In this paper, the analysis of the fundamental causes of such errors is undergone. Additionally, we propose to dynamically tune the Kalman filter’s measurement covariance matrix to automatically exclude base-stations (BSs) that induce high linearization errors, hence, mitigating the limitations of the EKF. The performance of the proposed method was tested against the traditional implementation of the EKF using realistic 5G/6G signal propagation data, obtained from Siradel’s S_5GChannel simulator. Our simulations include two realistic trajectories in downtown Toronto that are 1.63km and 2.69km long, respectively. The results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional the EKF implementation in both trajectories, as the 2D RMS/maximum positioning errors were reduced by 71.76%/84.11% and 51.18%/35.9% for the first and second trajectories respectively.
Low patch test reactivity to nickel in unselected adolescents tested repeatedly with nickel in infancy (2016)

The significant difference in nickel patch test reactivity comparing the two cohorts may reflect an immunologic effect or the effect of nickel regulation.
Dioxythiophene-Based Polymer Electrodes for Supercapacitor Modules (2010)

We report on the electrochemical and capacitive behaviors of poly(2,2-dimethyl-3,4-propylene-dioxythipohene) (PProDOT-Me2) films as polymeric electrodes in Type I electrochemical supercapacitors. The supercapacitor device displays robust capacitive charging/discharging behaviors with specific capacitance of 55 F/g, based on 60 μg of PProDOT-Me2 per electrode, that retains over 85% of its storage capacity after 32 000 redox cycles at 78% depth of discharge. Moreover, an appreciable average energy density of 6 Wh/kg has been calculated for the device, along with well-behaved and rapid capacitive responses to 1.0 V between 5 to 500 mV s(-1). Tandem electrochemical supercapacitors were assembled in series, in parallel, and in combinations of the two to widen the operating voltage window and to increase the capacitive currents. Four supercapacitors coupled in series exhibited a 4.0 V charging/discharging window, whereas assembly in parallel displayed a 4-fold increase in capacitance. Combinations of both serial and parallel assembly with six supercapacitors resulted in the extension of voltage to 3 V and a 2-fold increase in capacitive currents. Utilization of bipolar electrodes facilitated the encapsulation of tandem supercapacitors as individual, flexible, and lightweight supercapacitor modules.
Twin nematic phenylbenzoates in a.c. electric fields (1998)

The orientational behaviour of nematic compounds having twin phenylbenzoate mesogens was examined under a wide range of a.c. electric fields (0-2 V mum-1 and 10Hz-50 kHz). For this study, crossed polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and real-time X-ray diffraction (RTXRD) measurements were employed to investigate optical and orientational response. These nematic compounds have a positive dielectric anisotropy and a relatively low epsilon// relaxation frequency which allowed study in both homeotropic and planar orientations over a controllable frequency range. The optical behaviour and X-ray results corresponded well, providing a tool for understanding the orientational behaviour of these liquid crystals. For homeotropic alignment, an electric field of over 1 V mum-1 was required in order to obtain good orientation. However, homeotropic orientation depended on a delicate balance between thermal fluctuations and dielectric torque imposed by the electric field, which are both strongly related to the elasticity of the LC domains. Due to this effect, the highest orientation parameter achieved for homeotropic orientation was only 0.48, which indicated that this state was still non-equilibrium. On the other hand, for planar orientation, a uniform texture with orientation parameter of 0.65 was easily obtained even at electric fields as low as 0.2 V mum-1. The application of an electric field stronger than 1 V mum-1 induced a distortion in the texture, and reduced the orientation parameter to 0.45 for planar alignment.
Effect of adipose‐derived stromal cells and BMP12 on intrasynovial tendon repair: A biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomics study (2015)

The outcomes of flexor tendon repair are highly variable. As recent efforts to improve healing have demonstrated promise for growth factor- and cell-based therapies, the objective of the current study was to enhance repair via application of autologous adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) and the tenogenic growth factor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 12. Controlled delivery of cells and growth factor was achieved in a clinically relevant canine model using a nanofiber/fibrin-based scaffold. Control groups consisted of repair-only (no scaffold) and acellular scaffold. Repairs were evaluated after 28 days of healing using biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomics analyses. Range of motion was reduced in the groups that received scaffolds compared to normal. There was no effect of ASC + BMP12 treatment for range of motion or tensile properties outcomes versus repair-only. Biochemical assays demonstrated increased DNA, glycosaminoglycans, and crosslink concentration in all repair groups compared to normal, but no effect of ASC + BMP12. Total collagen was significantly decreased in the acellular scaffold group compared to normal and significantly increased in the ASC + BMP12 group compared to the acellular scaffold group. Proteomics analysis comparing healing tendons to uninjured tendons revealed significant increases in proteins associated with inflammation, stress response, and matrix degradation. Treatment with ASC + BMP12 amplified these unfavorable changes. In summary, the treatment approach used in this study induced a negative inflammatory reaction at the repair site leading to poor healing. Future approaches should consider cell and growth factor delivery methods that do not incite negative local reactions.
Special Section on Sustainable Transportation Systems (2012)

The 11 papers in this special section focus on state-of-the-art research and development, as well as future trends in the modeling, design, control, and optimization of advanced power electronics, energy storage, motor drives, and power train systems for future sustainable transportation systems.
Vaccins traditionnels et vaccins recombinants (1998)

Différents types de vaccins sont actuellement disponibles ou en cours de développement. Ils peuvent être divisés en deux catégories : vaccins vivants et vaccins inertes. Les vaccins vivants traditionnels incluent des souches atténuées par des moyens conventionnels, comme la croissance dans des conditions de culture inhabituelles (bactéries), ou dans des cellules ou des animaux vis-à-vis desquels les souches ne sont pas initialement adaptées (virus). Les nouvelles générations de vaccins vivants utilisant les techniques de recombinaison génétique (vaccins recombinants) peuvent être fabriquées par mutagénèse dirigée de gènes de virulence, ou par clonage de gènes de protéines immunogènes dans des vecteurs viraux ou bactériens qui possèdent les propriétés souhaitées d’innocuité et d’efficacité. Les vaccins inactivés conventionnels sont fabriqués par traitement des microorganismes par des agents physiques ou chimiques. Dans la mesure où les fractions immunogènes des microorganismes sont de mieux en mieux connues, elles peuvent être utilisées pour fabriquer des vaccins ne comprenant que ces fractions immunogènes majeures (vaccin subunitaires) par purification, ou par expressionin vitro de protéines (un autre type de vaccin recombinant) ou enfin synthèse chimique de peptides. Récemment, il a été démontré, chez différentes espèces, que l’inoculation directe dans le muscle d’un gène codant pour une protéine immunogène (immunisation génétique) permettait d’induire une réponse immune cellulaire et humorale. Cette méthode correspond à un dernier type de vaccin recombinant. L’immunité systémique et muqueuse obtenue après injection de vaccin vivant est comparée à celle obtenue après injection de vaccin inerte.
Nuclear physics and heavy element research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2009)

This paper highlights some of the current basic nuclear physics research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The work at LLNL concentrates on investigating nuclei at the extremes. The Experimental Nuclear Physics Group performs research to improve our understanding of nuclei, nuclear reactions, nuclear decay processes and nuclear astrophysics; an expertise utilized for important laboratory national security programs and for world-class peer-reviewed basic research.
Association between artificial intelligence (AI) -assisted tumor AREG and EREG immunohistochemistry (IHC) and outcomes from anti-EGFR therapy during the routine management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): An observational cohort study. (2023)

203 Background: AREG and EREG are ligands of EGFR. AI assisted IHC evaluation of tumor AREG/EREG expression predicted benefit from anti-EGFR therapy in a retrospective analysis of the PICCOLO trial of second-line irinotecan ± panitumumab. Here, we sought to validate those findings through an analysis of patients who received anti-EGFR therapy during routine care for mCRC. Methods: Patients (pts) with available archival FFPE tumor tissue who received panitumumab or cetuximab ± chemotherapy at any time for treatment of mCRC at 8 UK cancer centers were eligible. Central RAS testing by next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for pts where extended RAS testing had not been previously undertaken. RAS-mutant (mut) and RAS-unknown pts were excluded from the primary analysis population. AREG and EREG positive tumor cells were identified by IHC, performed locally at 6 of 8 sites. Pathologists annotated tumor areas on digital images of glass slides. AI algorithms calculated the percentage of tumor cells staining positive for AREG and EREG within tumor areas. More than 20% AREG and/or EREG tumor cell positivity was regarded as high biomarker expression, the optimal cut-point identified in PICCOLO. Study endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and locally reported response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR). Results: Of 541 pts recruited, 494 (91.3%) had adequate archival tissue for analysis. Central RAS testing was successfully performed in 255 of 393 (64.9%) pts without existing extended RAS results, leading to 45 exclusions, leaving 449 pts in the primary analysis population. 26 (5.8%) pts were BRAF-mut. 110 (24.5%) received concomitant FOLFOX and 304 (67.7%) FOLFIRI. After adjustment for additional prognostic factors, high AREG/EREG expression (n = 360; 80.2%) was associated with significantly prolonged PFS (HR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95; p = 0.02), OS (HR 0.66 [0.50-0.86]; p = 0.002), and DCR (OR 1.92 [1.05-3.54]; p = 0.04), but not RR (unadjusted OR 1.39 [0.83-2.33]; p = 0.21). Median PFS in the high vs low biomarker groups was 8.5 vs 4.4 months; median OS 16.4 vs 8.9 months. The significant difference in OS (high vs low) was maintained in the subgroup with right-sided primary tumor location (n = 107; 23.8%) (HR 0.56 [0.37-0.86]; p = 0.007). Conclusions: High tumor AREG/EREG expression was associated with significantly prolonged PFS, OS and DCR among a cohort of pts treated with anti-EGFR therapy during routine care of mCRC. The prognostic effect observed validates the predictive effect of AREG/EREG seen in the PICCOLO trial, where AREG/EREG had no prognostic effect in patients receiving chemotherapy alone. A prospective biomarker-led trial is in set-up to support the use of AREG/EREG IHC in clinical practice.
Toward Homogeneous Erythropoietin: Chemical Synthesis of the Ala1−Gly28 Glycopeptide Domain by “Alanine” Ligation (2009)

The Ala(1)-Gly(28) glycopeptide fragment (28) of EPO was prepared by chemical synthesis as a single glycoform. Key steps in the synthesis include attachment of a complex dodecasaccharide (7) to a seven amino acid peptide via Lansbury aspartylation, native chemical ligation to join peptide 19 with the glycopeptide domain 18, and a selective desulfurization at the ligation site to reveal the natural Ala(19). This glycopeptide fragment (28) contains both the requisite N-linked dodecasaccharide and a C-terminal (alpha)thioester handle, the latter feature permitting direct coupling with a glycopeptide fragment bearing N-terminal Cys(29) without further functionalization.
Characterization of the Promoter of SF-1, an Orphan Nuclear Receptor Required for Adrenal and Gonadal Development (1997)

Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is a transcription factor shown to be critical for regulation of adrenal and gonadal development and function. To dissect the mechanisms that direct expression of this regulator, we have studied the promoter of the SF-1 gene and have identified cis-acting elements that recognize a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor; the CAAT binding factor; and Sp1. We demonstrate in Y1 adrenocortical cells that a 90-bp proximal promoter fragment is sufficient to direct steroidogenic-specific expression and that all three elements are required for activity of the SF-1 promoter. Functional analysis of the binding sites on a heterologous TATA box-containing promoter demonstrates that the CAAT box and Sp1 site are not essential for promoter activity when a TATA box is present, whereas the E box is absolutely required for gene expression and is most likely the steroidogenic cell-specific element. We also demonstrate that SF-1 itself does not significantly affect the transcription of its own gene, and thus conclude that the E box, CAAT box, and Sp1 site of the proximal promoter direct expression of the SF-1 gene.
Study on Q-V Lissajous figures in nanosecond-pulsed surface discharge (2012)

Surface dielectric barrier discharges excited by high nanosecond voltage pulses are a promising approach for producing plasma required by airflow control. Charge transport is an important parameter of discharge characteristics, and the discharge energy can be obtained using an electric charge - gap voltage (Q-V) Lissajous figure. Based on a repetitive nanosecond-pulse generator, the characteristics of Q-V Lissajous figures in surface discharge in atmospheric air were investigated in this paper. Results showed that typical Q-V Lissajous figure was like an ellipse and the characteristic of the Lissajous figure varied with the discharge parameters. Both transport charge and energy in single pulse are in proportion to applied voltage amplitude. The energy obtained by Lissajous figure is always lower than by V-I-t integration, and the average power was able to reach hundred milli-watts while the instantaneous power was able to reach tens of kilo-watts. The applied voltage played a more important role in the uniformity of surface plasmas.
Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Stability of Capped Oligodeoxynucleotide Phosphorothioates in Mice (1993)

Several end-modified oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates (S-oligonucleotides) were studied for their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, excretion, and metabolic stability in vivo after intravenous administration in mice. The overall tissue distribution and excretion patterns of these S-oligonucleotides were found to be independent of 5' or 3' end modification studied. However, the 3' end modification proved to be of considerable importance with respect to metabolic stability of the oligonucleotide. In the case of uncapped and 5'-capped S-oligonucleotide, only 50% of intact oligonucleotide was recovered out of the total bioavailable concentration in liver and kidney. In contrast, in the case of 3'-capped oligonucleotides almost all bioavailable concentrations of 3'-capped oligonucleotide was found to be intact in kidney and liver at 24 hr after administration. These results demonstrate that superior pharmaceutical potential can be created by 3'-end modification of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates.
Insights into the production of upgraded biofuels using Mg‐loaded mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolites (2020)

Abstract Bio‐oil catalytic upgrading has been performed using mesoporous Mg‐loaded ZSM‐5. The presence of Mg modifies both textural and acidic properties, which do not only depend on the Mg content (1 and 5 wt. %) but also on the Si/Al ratio of the parent zeolite (25 and 40). Mg impregnation over mesoporous acidic zeolites has been shown to be essential for further deoxygenation of the raw bio‐oil. Thus, remarkable deoxygenation rates have been achieved, exceeding 68 % for a 5 wt. % Mg‐loaded ZSM‐5 (Si/Al=25). For this catalyst, decarboxylation reactions at MgO active sites seem to be predominant, promoting the upgrading of phenols towards the formation of phenolic compounds with lower oxygen content. As in the case of acidic mesoporous ZSM‐5, the formation of aromatics for Mg‐loaded mesoporous ZSM‐5 samples could be mainly related to the promotion of decarbonylation reactions of phenolic compounds over Brønsted acidic sites at the external surface. Interestingly, the presence of strong Lewis acidic sites created by the interaction between (Mg 2+ OH − ) + species and extra framework alumina jointly with the remaining Brønsted acidic sites at the external surface could enhance the formation of aromatics through cascade reactions involving ketonization and further aldol condensation and dehydration reactions.
Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers (2020)

Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
Underwater wireless power transfer system with a curly coil structure for AUVs (2019)

An underwater wireless power transfer system with a curly coil structure is proposed to adapt to the cylindrical symmetric hull of the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The unipolar and bipolar curly coils are optimised to minimise the weight of the receiver with the same output power. It is revealed that the bipolar curly coil structure has a heavier receiver than the unipolar curly coil structure. However, the electromagnetic field radiation in the AUV of the bipolar curly coil structure is much smaller than that of the unipolar curly coil structure, which means that the bipolar curly coil structure has a smaller influence on the electronics components in the AUV. Therefore, the bipolar curly coil is adopted for the prototype. The series−series (SS) and double‐sided inductor−capacitor−capacitor (LCC−LCC) compensation topologies for the bipolar curly coil structure are also investigated. A prototype was built and the experimental results showed that distorted coil currents are generated in the SS compensation topology, while the LCC−LCC compensation has a nearly sinusoidal coil current. The efficiencies of the SS and LCC−LCC compensation topologies are approximately the same, at ∼95%, which indicates that the proposed curly coil structure is applicable.
Dopaminergic and cholinergic influences on motor behavior in chickens. (1983)

The dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine enhanced motor activity as measured in stabilimeters and decreased the duration of tonic immobility behavior in chickens in a dose-dependent manner. Haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist, increased the duration of tonic immobility and attenuated the apomorphine-induced increase in activity. Motor activity could also be increased by the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. In addition, scopolamine was shown to decrease the duration of tonic immobility. On the other hand, the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine increased tonic immobility behavior and decreased scopolamine's effect on motor activity in these birds. Studies of the interaction of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems showed that haloperidol could attenuate the activity-stimulating effects of scopolamine whereas pilocarpine had a similar, but lesser, effect on apomorphine-induced activity. The results support the suggestion that in birds, as in mammals, the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems are intimately involved in the expression of motor behavior.
Anatomy of the brachial plexus (2011)

The brachial plexus is a complex anatomical network of nerves that mainly supplies the upper limb. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of this region provides the clinician with valuable clinical information that is crucial for evaluating and planning treatment for patients with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. We will highlight the anatomy of the brachial plexus and relevant clinical correlation between physical findings and the anatomical location of the level of the injury.
High bandwidth single polarization fiber with elliptical central air hole (2005)

A novel design of single polarization fiber is presented. The structure of the fiber comprises an elliptical central air hole with depressed cladding surrounding the core. Parameters that affect the performance of the single polarization fiber in terms of the location of the single polarization operating window and single polarization bandwidth are analyzed. The analysis results in the identification of a fiber design that can yield a single polarization bandwidth as high as 240 nm around 1550 nm.
Hemoglobin switching in chickens. Is the switch initiated post-transcriptionally? (1982)

We have investigated the transcriptional specificity of chick embryo erythroid nuclei as a function of developmental age during progression of the hemoglobin switch. Nuclei were allowed to transcribe in vitro in the presence of high specific activity [alpha-32P]CTP and the radioactive transcripts were hybridized to a collection of plasmid clones spanning the beta-like globin gene region of the chicken genome. The results reveal locus-specific waves of transcription appearing during the interval between 5 and 12 days of incubation. The last wave, which comes in at 12 days, is highly specialized in transcription of the adult beta-globin gene locus. The most interesting wave of transcription occurs at 6-7 days. The most actively transcribed gene in the early part of this wave is the embryonic rho gene. As the wave progresses, the rho gene activity gradually gives way to beta gene transcription. Definitive red blood cells, which would be synthesizing little rho globin protein at this stage, appear to be responsible for the rho gene transcription. These results and additional data which we present indicate that during the initial stages of the hemoglobin switch the embryonic globin genes are silenced post-transcriptionally.