gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ReCompFig: Designing Dynamically Reconfigurable Kinematic Devices Using Compliant Mechanisms and Tensioning Cables (2022)

From creating input devices to rendering tangible information, the field of HCI is interested in using kinematic mechanisms to create human-computer interfaces. Yet, due to fabrication and design challenges, it is often difficult to create kinematic devices that are compact and have multiple reconfigurable motional degrees of freedom (DOFs) depending on the interaction scenarios. In this work, we combine compliant mechanisms (CMs) with tensioning cables to create dynamically reconfigurable kinematic mechanisms. The devices’ kinematics (DOFs) is enabled and determined by the layout of bendable rods. The additional cables function as on-demand motion constraints that can dynamically lock or unlock the mechanism's DOFs as they are tightened or loosened. We provide algorithms and a design tool prototype to help users design such kinematic devices. We also demonstrate various HCI use cases including a kinematic haptic display, a haptic proxy, and a multimodal input device.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Delineation of Organs at Risk in the Head and Neck Region (2022)

In the era of precision radiation therapy, the need for well-built, straightforward contouring guidelines is on the rise. Precise, uniform, delineation-based, automated OAR segmentation on MRI may lead to increased accuracy in terms of organ boundaries and analysis of dose-dependent sequelae for an adequate definition of normal tissue complication probability.
Effects of Folic Acid on Phenylalanine Tolerance Test in Phenylketonuria (1963)

Phenylalanine tolerance tests were performed on four untreated children with phenylketonuria, aged 8 to 12 years, before and after 14 days of folic acid administration (70 mg./day). No significant changes were noted in the phenylalanine tolerance tests or in the general condition of the patients. This study was carried out because of recent findings that a folic acid derivative is a co-factor in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
Figure 3 from A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) of KNF and KPP integration colored by cell type annotation summarized in Supplementary Table S5 (left) and by replicate (right). Cells that did not meet quality control thresholds, as determined from individual sample analysis, and cells with no cell type consensus are not plotted. OL, oligodendrocyte. &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; Distribution of ssGSEA scores per cell for human tumor signatures in OPC-projected cells of KNF samples (top) and KPP samples (bottom). Signatures were derived from differential expression of bulk RNA-seq data for tumor subtypes (see Methods). &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 34,326 cells in KNF; &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 3,892 cells in KPP. &lt;b&gt;C,&lt;/b&gt; UMAP as in &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt; with cells colored by cluster. &lt;b&gt;D,&lt;/b&gt; Predominant cell types per cluster of KNF and KPP integration (left), corresponding proportion of each genotype within the cluster (middle), and number of cells per cluster (right). Only cells passing QC and with a cell type consensus are considered. Cell types comprising at least 30% of the cluster are shown. ASTR, astrocyte. &lt;b&gt;E,&lt;/b&gt; Proportion of cells per replicate annotated as OPC (left), microglia (middle), and macrophages (right). &lt;b&gt;F,&lt;/b&gt; Proportion of cells with detected &lt;i&gt;Mag&lt;/i&gt; (left) and &lt;i&gt;Pdgfra&lt;/i&gt; (right). &lt;b&gt;G,&lt;/b&gt; UMAPs of each replicate from individual sample analysis with cells colored by normalized expression of &lt;i&gt;Myrf&lt;/i&gt; (left) and &lt;i&gt;Cspg4&lt;/i&gt; (right). &lt;b&gt;H,&lt;/b&gt; Mean inferred TF activity scores (scaled) and percent of cells with activity of TF shown for clusters 0, 7, 10, and 2, with predominant cell types of OPC, proliferating OPC (P-OPC), newly forming oligodendrocytes (NFOL), and mature oligodendrocytes, respectively; cluster number is indicated in parenthesis. Representative TFs with differing activity patterns between genotypes are shown. &lt;b&gt;I,&lt;/b&gt; Proportion of cells with detected &lt;i&gt;Ptprc&lt;/i&gt; (left) and &lt;i&gt;Ly86&lt;/i&gt; (right). &lt;b&gt;J,&lt;/b&gt; Mean expression of DAM signature genes in immune cluster 5, with cells grouped by genotype. &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 2.2e-16.&lt;/p&gt;
Monitoring Fugitive Methane Gas Emission From Natural Gas Pads (2017)

Identifying fugitive methane leaks can improve predictive maintenance of the extraction process, can extend gas extraction equipment lifetime, and eliminate hazardous work conditions. We demonstrate a wireless sensor network based on cost effective and robust chemi-resistive methane sensors combined with real time analytics to identify leaks from 2 scfh to 1000 scfh. The chemi-resistive sensors were validated to have a sensitivity better than 1 ppm in methane plume detection. The real time chemical sensor and wind data is integrated into an inversion models to identify the location and the magnitude of the methane leak. This integrated sensing and analytics solution can be deployed in outdoor environment for long term monitoring of accidental methane plume emissions, generate recommendations about fixing them, and ensure compliance with local government regulations.
High Frequency cDNA Recombination of the Saccharomyces Retrotransposon Ty5: The LTR Mediates Formation of Tandem Elements (1997)

Retroelement cDNA can integrate into the genome using the element-encoded integrase, or it can recombine with preexisting elements using the recombination system of the host. Recombination is a particularly important pathway for the yeast retrotransposon Ty5 and accounts for ∼30% of the putative transposition events when a homologous substrate is carried on a plasmid and ∼7% when the substrate is located at the chromosomal URA3 locus. Characterization of recombinants revealed that they are either simple replacements of the marker gene or tandem elements. Using an assay system in which the donor element and recombination substrates are separated, we found that the long terminal repeats (LTRs) are critical for tandem element formation. LTR-containing substrates generate tandem elements at frequencies more than 10-fold higher than similarly sized internal Ty5 sequences. Internal sequences, however, facilitate tandem element formation when associated with an LTR, and there is a linear relationship between frequencies of tandem element formation and the length of LTR-containing substrates. We propose that recombination is initiated between the LTRs of the cDNA and substrate and that internal sequences promote tandem element formation by facilitating sequence alignment. Because of its location in subtelomeric regions, recombinational amplification of Ty5 may contribute to the organization of chromosome ends.
A common SCN5A polymorphism attenuates a severe cardiac phenotype caused by a nonsense SCN5A mutation in a Chinese family with an inherited cardiac conduction defect (2006)

The SCN5A mutations have been associated with a variety of arrhythmic disorders, including type 3 long QT syndrome (LQT3), Brugada syndrome and inherited cardiac conduction defects. The relationship between genotype and phenotype in SCN5A mutations is complex. Some SCN5A mutations may cause death or severe manifestations in some people and may not cause any symptoms or arrhythmias in others. The causes of these unpredictable clinical manifestations remain incompletely understood. The molecular basis of a four-generation family with cardiac conduction abnormalities was studied and whether variants in the SCN5A gene could account for the cardiac phenotypic variability observed in this family was determined. A novel mutation (W1421X) of SCN5A was identified in a four-generation family with cardiac conduction abnormalities and several cases of sudden death. Most family members who carry this W1421X mutation have developed major clinical manifestations or electrocardiographic abnormalities, both of which became more prominent as the patients grew older. However, the 73-year-old grandfather, who carried both the W1421X and R1193Q mutations, had thus far remained healthy and presented with only subtle electrocardiographic abnormalities, whereas most of his offspring, who carried a single mutation (W1421X), had died early or had major disease manifestations. This observation suggests that the R1193Q mutation has a complementary role in alleviating the deleterious effects conferred by W1421X in the function of the SCN5A gene. This report provides a good model to explain the mechanism of penetrance of genetic disorders.
Investigation of barium titanate thin films on MgO substrates by second-harmonic generation (1994)

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on MgO substrates have been investigated by second-harmonic generation at an incident wavelength of 1.064 μm. Transmission electron microscopy was used to show that substrate quality and pretreatment (annealing) has a strong influence on microstructure and optical properties of these films due to nucleation effects during MOCVD growth. Angular dependence of second-harmonic signal indicates both a- and c-textured growths in this film/substrate system. Stress-induced stabilization appears to determine the orientation of the microcrystallites in the films. Corona poling does not result in a preferred orientation of the film. Effective d coefficients as high as 2.13 pm/V have been obtained from as-grown films.
Time-Localized Patterns in VECSELs (2022)

We investigate spatially-extended self-imaging VECSELs in the regime localized mode-locking and we report on the observation of pulsating patterns which can be individually addressed. The patterns consist of a combination of an axial plane-wave with a set of tilted waves having a nearly hexagonal arrangement in the Fourier space.
Effect of SiO2 Addition on the Bending Strength of NiCuZn Ferrite (2006)

With the miniaturization of electronic devices, ferrites with high mechanical strength are demanded. In this paper, the effect of SiO2 on the bending strength of NiCuZn ferrite was investigated. It has been found that the bending strength of NiCuZn ferrite was increased the addition of SiO2. The NiCuZn ferrite with SiO2 addition showed a structure with smaller and more uniform grain size than non-addition. As a result of analysis, Si exists in the same position as Zn, suggesting the formation of Zn2SiO4. The thermal expansion coefficient of Zn2SiO4 is lower than that of ferrite. The improvement in the bending strength of NiCuZn ferrite are attributed to the control of grain growth by Zn2SiO4 and the residual stress caused by the difference of coefficients of liner thermal expansion between ferrite phase and Zn2SiO4 phase.
Beyond the Petermann limit: can exceptional points increase sensor precision? (2020)

Experiments near the lock-in region in maximally dissipative non-Hermitian systems, e.g., conventional laser gyroscopes near the deadband, have run up against the Petermann limit, where excess noise exactly cancels any scale-factor enhancement resulting in no overall enhancement in precision. As a result, one might be tempted to conclude that exceptional points (EPs) generally cannot be used to increase the precision of laser sensors. Indeed, using a linear eigenmode analysis we show that the Petermann limit applies not just to maximally dissipative systems, but for any type of EP, owing to the fact that EPs are rotationally invariant. It turns out, however, that this restriction comes from the assumption of linearity. We find that nonlinearity breaks the rotation symmetry such that the different types of EPs are no longer equivalent above threshold. In particular, for sufficiently high measurement frequencies, EPs in conservatively coupled systems having a saturation imbalance can lead to an increase in the fundamental precision beyond the Petermann limit. Importantly, we find that only one mode lases under these conditions. We show that the beat note can be recovered by interference with an auxiliary mode, but that this has consequences for the quantum and classical noise that depend on the recovery scheme. Thus, it remains to be seen whether practical experiments can be designed that can take advantage of this enhancement.
Distribution and some characteristics of cytochrome P-450 in the kidney. (1983)

Intrarenal distribution of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) was investigated with different segments of isolated single nephrons from rabbits and rats by using a new ultra-micro method of P-450 determination. In both animals, P-450 was localized only in the proximal tubule. Other segments such as the glomerulus, the loop of Henle, the distal tubule, and the collecting tubule possessed no P-450 at all. Within the proximal tubule, the straight portion (S2 and/or S3 segments) revealed a higher specific content of P-450 than the convoluted one. An inducer of P-450, 3, 4-benzo(a)pyrene increased the P-450 of a definite portion (second 3 mm from the glomerulus) almost doubly in rabbits. In rats, both 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and 48 hr starvation (Fast) induced P-450, but only the later increased laurate-omega-hydroxylation. P-450 in the proximal convoluted and straight tubules was induced separately by Fast and 3MC, respectively. These results indicate that renal mixed function oxidase should be confined to the proximal tubule and that, like the liver, multiple forms of renal P-450 should exist in the different proximal segments.
Solidly mounted ladder filter using shear horizontal wave in LiNbO<inf>3</inf> (2016)

The 0-th shear horizontal (SH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) mode plate wave has an electromechanical coupling factor k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> larger than 50% in a (0°, 120°, 0°) LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LN) plate thinner than 0.1λ, where λ is a pitch of an intergidital transducer (IDT). In the previous study, ultra-wide-band ladder filters composed of cavity type resonators recorded 6 dB bandwidth from 41% to 51% in a digital TV band. However, the structure is fragile, because the LN plate as thin as 0.5-0.6 μm is self-suspended. Inspired by solidly mounted (SM) type film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR), the authors have come up with SM type SH wave devices. The SM type SH wave resonator has an ultra-wide bandwidth of 20% similar to that of SH0 plate wave resonators. In this study, the SM type ladder filter with an insertion loss of 0.5 dB was developed.
Image representation by level crossings of the wavelet transform (2002)

Images are decomposed by the visual systems into several spatially oriented frequency channels. Such a decomposition presented in the context of multiresolution analysis, provides a powerful tool for image processing. This study is devoted to multiresolution representation by partial information of the wavelet transform. A theorem defining the conditions necessary for the zero crossing representation to be stable and complete, is presented. This theorem is based on the properties of the multiresolution theory, using orthonormal wavelet functions. An iterative fast reconstruction algorithm, which is easy to implement, is presented and illustrated by examples.
Manufacturing process of piezoelectric thin-film dual-stage actuator and its reliability for HDD (2002)

A new dual-stage actuator for positioning a magnetic head for high-density hard disk drives was proposed and developed. This dual-stage actuator device is characterized by the sputter-deposited thin-film PZT, featuring large displacement of 1.2 /spl mu/m and high-resonance frequency over 15 kHz. In this paper, reliability against temperature, humidity, and mechanical shock was investigated to ensure the practical application to the drive products.
Progress in the Study of Folded Blumlein Transmission Lines for Compact Pulsed Power Applications (2002)

One approach to developing compact pulsed power drivers of High Power Microwave (HPM) sources involves using folded Blumlein transmission lines as the pulse shaping element. We report on progress in the development of these transmission lines. In particular, we report on two aspects of the problem: 1) calculations of the electric field distribution within the transmission line materials, and 2) the electrical breakdown characteristics of the liquid dielectrics that have been used in tests performed at Sandia National Laboratories.
Ultrafine Sanding Paper: A Simple Tool for Creating Small Particles (2014)

A top-down approach, i.e., creating small particles by mechanical force starting from bulk materials, probably presents the most logical approach to particle size reduction and, therefore, top-down techniques are among the first to achieve small particles. A new solvent-free, amazingly simple approach is reported, suitable to achieve nanoparticles and sub-micro particles.
Power-saving Aware SDM Photonic Node with the Throughput Scalable to over Peta bit (2022)

We demonstrate optical path routing of 1Tbit/s spatial super-channel and power-saving aware oath assignment with scalable SDM photonic node for SDM/WDM optical transport network.
Examination of Potential Overlap in Autism and Language Loci on Chromosomes 2, 7, and 13 in Two Independent Samples Ascertained for Specific Language Impairment (2004)

Specific language impairment is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments essentially restricted to the domain of language and language learning skills. This contrasts with autism, which is a pervasive developmental disorder defined by multiple impairments in language, social reciprocity, narrow interests and/or repetitive behaviors. Genetic linkage studies and family data suggest that the two disorders may have genetic components in common. Two samples, from Canada and the US, selected for specific language impairment were genotyped at loci where such common genes are likely to reside. Significant evidence for linkage was previously observed at chromosome 13q21 in our Canadian sample (HLOD 3.56) and was confirmed in our US sample (HLOD 2.61). Using the posterior probability of linkage (PPL) to combine evidence for linkage across the two samples yielded a PPL over 92%. Two additional loci on chromosome 2 and 7 showed weak evidence for linkage. However, a marker in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (7q31) showed evidence for association to SLI, confirming results from another group (O'Brien et al. 2003). Our results indicate that using samples selected for components of the autism phenotype may be a useful adjunct to autism genetics.
Expression of a Soybean Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein Gene Is Correlated with Maturation of Roots1 (1998)

A novel extensin gene has been identified in soybean (Glycine max L.) that encodes a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (SbHRGP3) with two different domains. In this study expression of SbHRGP3 was investigated during soybean root development. SbHRGP was expressed in roots of mature plants, as well as seedlings, and showed a distinct pattern of expression during root development. The expression of SbHRGP3 increased gradually during root development of seedlings and reached a maximum while the secondary roots were maturing. The maximum expression level was contributed mainly by the secondary roots rather than by the primary root. Furthermore, expression of SbHRGP3 was preferentially detected in the regions undergoing maturation of the primary and secondary roots. These results imply that the expression of SbHRGP3 is regulated in an organ- and development-specific manner and that in soybean SbHRGP3 expression may be required for root maturation, presumably for the cessation of root elongation. Wounding and sucrose in combination enhanced expression of SbHRGP3 in roots, whereas both wounding and sucrose were required for the expression of SbHRGP3 in leaves.
Randomised clinical trial: deep remission in biologic and immunomodulator naïve patients with Crohn's disease – a SONIC post hoc analysis (2015)

Combination therapy was more effective in achieving various composite remission measures vs. azathioprine or infliximab monotherapy. These data illustrate that 'deep remission' is achievable with combination therapy in a high percentage of patients with early Crohn's disease. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00094458.
Optical and transport properties of an alkali-doped methanofullerene (2002)

We examine the effects of monoderivatization on the electronic properties of C60. For this we chose the phenyl-C61-octanoic acid cholesteryl ester, [6,6]PCOCr, whose nonlinear optical properties have been investigated in the past. While the optical absorption spectrum of this methano fullerene is similar to that of C60, substantial differences are observed upon doping with potassium. Similarly, the doping-dependent conductivity of the functionalized fullerene shows two maxima as opposed to the single maximum for C60. The experimental observations are consistent with the doping-induced degeneracy removal of the parent C60 LUMO (t1u) orbital, which in potassium-doped methanofullerene splits into two components separated by about 0.5 eV. We provide experimental evidence that the doping of [6,6]PCOCr proceeds, as in C60, with six consecutive reduction (electron transfer) steps, yielding K6[6,6]PCOCr stoichiometry at the end. The transport in partially doped [6,6]PCOCr thin films occurs by thermally activated hopping of the charge carriers with activation energy Ea≅0.25 eV and hopping probability proportional to the number of unpaired electrons in the reduced molecule.
Scalability study of boron-based ULE implants for advanced CMOS technology (2014)

Conventional beam-line (BL) implant shows a poor scalability of profiles (x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) versus energy at the ULE implant regime due to serious channeling effect and energy contamination issue. B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> PLAD shows intrinsic channeling effect immunity with a totally different mechanism. An in-situ, build-in B deposition layer is formed during PLAD process as a screen amorphous layer to minimize channeling effect and reduce the surface damage residues as well. For above reasons, B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> PLAD shows a good scalability of profiles (x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) versus energy, and achieves better R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> -x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> characteristics and x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> abruptness, and then better device performance including lower series and contact resistances, better I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio and less short channel effect (SCE), etc. than BL implant counterparts.