gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation of bicyclo[4.4.1]undecan-11-ones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFragmentation of bicyclo[4.4.1]undecan-11-onesMichael E. Garst, Victoria A. Roberts, and Calman PrussinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 20, 3969–3971Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00141a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00141a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Signaling hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible factor protein hydroxylases: a historical overview and future perspectives (2014)

By the early 1900s, the close matching of oxygen supply with demand was recognized to be a fundamental requirement for physiological function, and multiple adaptive responses to environment hypoxia had been described. Nevertheless, the widespread operation of mechanisms that directly sense and respond to levels of oxygen in animal cells was not appreciated for most of the twentieth century with investigators generally stressing the regulatory importance of metabolic products. Work over the last 25 years has overturned that paradigm. It has revealed the existence of a set of "oxygen-sensing" 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroxylation of specific amino acid residues and thereby control the stability and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor. The hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylase pathway regulates a massive transcriptional cascade that is operative in essentially all animal cells. It transduces a wide range of responses to hypoxia, extending well beyond the classical boundaries of hypoxia physiology. Here we review the discovery and elucidation of these pathways, and consider the opportunities and challenges that have been brought into focus by the findings, including new implications for the integrated physiology of hypoxia and therapeutic approaches to ischemic/hypoxic disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted‐5‐oxo‐7a‐methyl‐5,7a‐dihydroindoles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Three-Dimensional Environment Sustains Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation into Platelet-Producing Megakaryocytes (2015)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into megakaryocytes (MK), whose function is to release platelets. Attempts to improve in vitro platelet production have been hampered by the low amplification of MK. Providing HSC with an optimal three-dimensional (3D) architecture may favor MK differentiation by mimicking some crucial functions of the bone marrow structure. To this aim, porous hydrogel scaffolds were used to study MK differentiation from HSC as well as platelet production. Flow cytometry, qPCR and perfusion studies showed that 3D was suitable for longer kinetics of CD34+ cell proliferation and for delayed megakaryocytic differentiation far beyond the limited shelf-life observed in liquid culture but also increased production of functional platelets. We provide evidence that these 3D effects were related to 1) persistence of MK progenitors and precursors and 2) prolongation of expression of EKLF and c-myb transcription factors involved in early MK differentiation. In addition, presence of abundant mature MK with increased ploidy and impressive cytoskeleton elongations was in line with expression of NF-E2 transcription factor involved in late MK differentiation. Platelets produced in flow conditions were functional as shown by integrin αIIbβ3 activation following addition of exogenous agonists. This study demonstrates that spatial organization and biological cues synergize to improve MK differentiation and platelet production. Thus, 3D environment constitutes a powerful tool for unraveling the physiological mechanisms of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow environment, potentially leading to an improved amplification of MK and platelet production.
Single Step Matrix Acidising With HF–Eliminating Preflushes Simplifies the Process, Improves the Results (2007)

Abstract For over 50 years, mixtures of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids have been used for the removal of near-wellbore damage in sandstone formations. Such mixtures dissolve many siliceous minerals, including clays and quartz fines, the materials most frequently associated with particulate plugging of the formation pores. Unfortunately, the dissolution of these minerals is not a simple process and various chemical reactions can result in the generation of voluminous solid precipitates or colloidal gels. The appearance of such precipitates in the near-wellbore, can ultimately cause further formation damage and negate the benefit of the acid treatment. Other byproducts can be formed in sandstones containing carbonate minerals that react with acid and fluoride ions to produce the very insoluble calcium fluoride, CaF2, which is another potential source of formation damage. For this reason, traditional HCl:HF matrix treatments in sandstone formations are always preceded by a preflush, usually consisting of HCl to dissolve these carbonates. This approach is not always successful and adds to the complexity of the operation. The situation is worse in multistage treatments, which traditionally involve many repeat stages of preflush, main HF-stage, overflush and diverter. In such situations, it is difficult to ensure that the correct acid stage is always entering the appropriate zone and encountering the appropriate mineralogy. The result can be poor zonal coverage, poor damage removal, creation of unexpected damage due to acid/rock incompatibilities and, ultimately, poor stimulation results. This paper presents the results of a new acidising technique that eliminates the need for preflushes, across a wide range of mineralogies. It describes the background to this approach and reviews the results of laboratory testing and field treatments. It concludes with a matrix acidising methodology that can improve logistics, reduce cost and improve results while, simultaneously, making treatments easier to implement and control, at the field level.
A new design for high-power six-port reflectometers using hybrid stripline/waveguide technology (1994)

A novel family of six-port reflectometers designed in hybrid stripline-waveguide technology is proposed for high-power applications. Two prototypes were designed, manufactured, and calibrated using waveguide standards at 50 W power level around 2.45 GHz. The experimental results prove the feasibility of the approach for designing high-power microwave reflectometers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mass production-enabled computational spectrometers based on multilayer thin films (2022)

Multilayer thin film (MTF) filter arrays for computational spectroscopy are fabricated using stencil lithography. The MTF filter array is a 6 × 6 square grid, and 169 identical arrays are fabricated on a single wafer. A computational spectrometer is formed by attaching the MTF filter array on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. With a single exposure, 36 unique intensities of incident light are collected. The spectrum of the incident light is recovered using collected intensities and numerical optimization techniques. Varied light sources in the wavelength range of 500 to 849 nm are recovered with a spacing of 1 nm. The reconstructed spectra are a good match with the reference spectra, measured by a grating-based spectrometer. We also demonstrate computational pinhole spectral imaging using the MTF filter array. Adapting a spectral scanning method, we collect 36 monochromatic filtered images and reconstructed 350 monochromatic images in the wavelength range of 500 to 849 nm, with a spacing of 1 nm. These computational spectrometers could be useful for various applications that require compact size, high resolution, and wide working range.
Damage-Free Microwave-Excited Plasma Contact Hole Etching without Carrier Deactivation at the Interface between Silicide and Heavily-Doped Si (2005)

2005 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Damage-Free Microwave-Excited Plasma Contact Hole Etching without Carrier Deactivation at the Interface between Silicide and Heavily-Doped Si
siRNAs, ribozymes and RNA decoys in modeling stem cell-based gene therapy for HIV/AIDS. (2003)

Gene therapy strategies for HIV infection require gene transduction of hematopoietic stem cells with effective therapeutic constructs. Here we summarize our studies on anti-HIV ribozymes, RNA decoys and the newly described siRNAs. The therapeutic constructs consisted of an anti-CCR5 ribozyme to down-regulate the HIV-1 cell surface co-receptor and ribozymes targeted to viral mRNAs coding for the tat, rev and env proteins. The RNA decoy targeted rev and the siRNA was directed against a sequence common to rev and tat mRNAs. CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells were transduced with retroviral or lentiviral vectors containing these constructs. They were differentiated into macrophages in vitro and T cells in vivo in a SCID-hu mouse thymopoiesis model. The transgene-containing macrophages and T cells were found to be phenotypically normal. When challenged in vitro with HIV-1, they showed significant anti-viral resistance. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrated the utility of RNA-based anti-HIV constructs for gene therapy.
The practical inversion problem in molecular beam scattering (2009)

The present status of the inversion of molecular scattering data is reviewed with particular emphasis on the importance of the rapid quantal undulations. It is concluded that the semiclassical approximation may provide valuable guidelines for localized distortions in the phase–shift curve, but that the full quantum treatment is required for quantitative accuracy. The extension of the inversion techniques to the two–potential problem is also briefly discussed.
A Study on Advanced Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (2020)

地上波による4K8K放送の実現に向け，伝送効率が極めて高い地上放送高度化方式を開発した．高度化方式は，既存の地上デジタル放送の伝送方式であるISDB-Tと比較して，同じ伝送条件（単一偏波，所要CN比20 dB）において，伝送容量を60%以上（約10 Mbps）拡大できている．さらに，偏波MIMO技術を用い，伝送容量が大きな伝送パラメータを選択することで，100 Mbpsを超える伝送も可能である．高度化方式に対応した変復調装置，送信装置を開発して，東京地区，名古屋地区にて伝送特性を検証する大規模な野外実験を実施し，高度化方式が地上波による4K8Kを実現できる技術手法の一つであることが確認できた．
The soluble epoxide hydrolase gene harbors sequence variation associated with susceptibility to and protection from incident ischemic stroke (2020)

Stroke is the leading cause of severe disability and the third leading cause of death, accounting for 1 of every 15 deaths in the United States. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the soluble epoxide hydrolase gene (EPHX2) with incident ischemic stroke in African-Americans and Whites. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning EPHX2 were genotyped in a case-cohort sample of 1,336 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. In each racial group, Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the relationship between incident ischemic stroke and EPHX2 polymorphisms. A score test method was used to investigate the association of common haplotypes of the gene with risk of ischemic stroke. In African-Americans, two common EPHX2 haplotypes with significant and opposing relationships to ischemic stroke risk were identified. In Whites, two common haplotypes showed suggestive indication of an association with ischemic stroke risk but, as in African-Americans, these relationships were in opposite direction. These findings suggest that multiple variants exist within or near the EPHX2 gene, with greatly contrasting relationships to ischemic stroke incidence; some associated with a higher incidence, others with a lower incidence.
Path length control in a nulling coronagraph with a MEMS deformable mirror and a calibration interferometer (2008)

We report progress on a nulling coronagraph intended for direct imaging of extrasolar planets. White light is suppressed in an interferometer, and phase errors are measured by a second interferometer. A 1020-pixel MEMS deformable mirror in the first interferometer adjusts the path length across the pupil. A feedback control system reduces deflections of the deformable mirror to order of 1 nm rms.
Electronic Excited States of Tungsten(0) Arylisocyanides (2015)

W(CNAryl)6 complexes containing 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide (CNdipp) are powerful photoreductants with strongly emissive long-lived excited states. These properties are enhanced upon appending another aryl ring, e.g., W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6; CNdippPh(OMe2) = 4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide (Sattler et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1198-1205). Electronic transitions and low-lying excited states of these complexes were investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT); the lowest triplet state was characterized by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) supported by density functional theory (DFT). The intense absorption band of W(CNdipp)6 at 460 nm and that of W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6 at 500 nm originate from transitions of mixed ππ*(C≡N-C)/MLCT(W → Aryl) character, whereby W is depopulated by ca. 0.4 e(-) and the electron-density changes are predominantly localized along two equatorial molecular axes. The red shift and intensity rise on going from W(CNdipp)6 to W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6 are attributable to more extensive delocalization of the MLCT component. The complexes also exhibit absorptions in the 300-320 nm region, owing to W → C≡N MLCT transitions. Electronic absorptions in the spectrum of W(CNXy)6 (Xy = 2,6-dimethylphenyl), a complex with orthogonal aryl orientation, have similar characteristics, although shifted to higher energies. The relaxed lowest W(CNAryl)6 triplet state combines ππ* excitation of a trans pair of C≡N-C moieties with MLCT (0.21 e(-)) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT, 0.24-0.27 e(-)) from the other four CNAryl ligands to the axial aryl and, less, to C≡N groups; the spin density is localized along a single Aryl-N≡C-W-C≡N-Aryl axis. Delocalization of excited electron density on outer aryl rings in W(CNdippPh(OMe2))6 likely promotes photoinduced electron-transfer reactions to acceptor molecules. TRIR spectra show an intense broad bleach due to ν(C≡N), a prominent transient upshifted by 60-65 cm(-1), and a weak down-shifted feature due to antisymmetric C≡N stretch along the axis of high spin density. The TRIR spectral pattern remains unchanged on the femtosecond-nanosecond time scale, indicating that intersystem crossing and electron-density localization are ultrafast (<100 fs).
Increased Cardiometabolic Risk Is Associated with Increased TV Viewing Time (2010)

These findings indicate that an increase in television viewing time is associated with adverse cardiometabolic biomarker changes. Further prospective studies using objective measures of several sedentary behaviors are required to confirm causality of the associations found.
Use of PC-SAFT for Global Phase Diagrams in Binary Mixtures Relevant to Natural Gases. 3. Alkane + Non-Hydrocarbons (2006)

This work continues the systematic study of global phase diagrams in binary systems relevant for the description of natural gases using the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EOS). Reservoirs frequently contain non-hydrocarbon compounds such as CO2, N2, or H2S that have strong effects upon the thermodynamic properties of natural gases. Thus, we study the behavior of their binary mixtures with n-alkanes over wide pressure and temperature ranges to get a deeper insight into the intermolecular pair interactions reflected in the phase behavior of the mixtures. These systems show complex patterns within the van Konynenburg classification, and the theoretical model accurately reproduces them. In the case of H2S containing mixtures (H2S is a compound that has autoassociation hydrogen-bonding ability), we analyze several association models to obtain the most reliable approach by comparing the predicted association degree of H2S to available experimental data. A conclusion from this series of papers is that PC-SAFT is a reliable and accurate model to predict the behavior of the different types of binary mixtures involved in complex multicomponent natural gases, with the ability to describe the different patterns of fluid-phase behavior presented by the studied systems over wide pressure and temperature ranges.
Alkin-Komplexe des Rheniums in hohen Oxidationsstufen / Alkyne Complexes of Rhenium in High Oxidation States (1990)

The class of π-alkyne complexes of metals in medium and high oxidation states has been extended by the type CH 3 ReO 2 (RC≡CR′) (3a—i). Exchange of alkyne for oxo ligands under reducing conditions has been employed as a new general synthesis. Compounds 3 are thus obtained by reaction of methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (1) with the alkynes 2a—i in the presence of a ca. 1.1-fold molar amount of polymer-bound triphenylphosphane as reducing agent (desoxygenation). The structural characterization was carried out for the example of the tolan complex 3 e by virtue of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at —80 °C, according to which the description of compounds 3 as “rhenacyclopropenes” seems justified. Evidence from NMR investigations of 3 a and 3 c shows that no fast rotation of the respective alkyne ligand around the axis to the metal atom occurs on the NMR time scale up to at least 105 °C. A minimal rotation barrier of approximately 20 kcal/mol is thus to be estimated. Reaction of type 3 compounds (R = R′ = CH 3 , b; R = R′ = C 2 H 5 , c) with polymer-bound triphenylphosphane under more drastic conditions (boiling toluene) for two days effects further reduction, with the dinuclear, diamagnetic rhenium(IV) complexes 4b and 4c, resp., being formed. Sterically demanding alkynes (e.g., R = R′ = Si(CH 3 ) 3 , C 6 H 5 ) seem to prevent this type of reaction. According to an X-ray diffraction study, 4b has an equilateral Re 2 O-triangular core geometry, with the ligands O, CH 3 , and butyne(2) arranged in such a way that C 2 -symmetry results. The alkyne complexes reported here are the first ones of tetra- and pentavalent rhenium.
CRISPR/Cas12a Multiplex Genome Editing of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> and the Creation of Yeast Pixel Art (2019)

High efficiency, ease of use and versatility of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has facilitated advanced genetic modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism and workhorse in industrial biotechnology. CRISPR-associated protein 12a (Cas12a), an RNA-guided endonuclease with features distinguishable from Cas9 is applied in this work, further extending the molecular toolbox for genome editing purposes. A benefit of the CRISPR/Cas12a system is that it can be used in multiplex genome editing with multiple guide RNAs expressed from a single transcriptional unit (single CRISPR RNA (crRNA) array). We present a protocol for multiplex integration of multiple heterologous genes into independent loci of the S. cerevisiae genome using the CRISPR/Cas12a system with multiple crRNAs expressed from a single crRNA array construct. The proposed method exploits the ability of S. cerevisiae to perform in vivo recombination of DNA fragments to assemble the single crRNA array into a plasmid that can be used for transformant selection, as well as the assembly of donor DNA sequences that integrate into the genome at intended positions. Cas12a is pre-expressed constitutively, facilitating cleavage of the S. cerevisiae genome at the intended positions upon expression of the single crRNA array. The protocol includes the design and construction of a single crRNA array and donor DNA expression cassettes, and exploits an integration approach making use of unique 50-bp DNA connectors sequences and separate integration flank DNA sequences, which simplifies experimental design through standardization and modularization and extends the range of applications. Finally, we demonstrate a straightforward technique for creating yeast pixel art with an acoustic liquid handler using differently colored carotenoid producing yeast strains that were constructed.
Data from Fibroblast Activation Protein α-Targeted CD40 Agonism Abrogates Systemic Toxicity and Enables Administration of High Doses to Induce Effective Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;CD40 agonists hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy (CIT) as they enhance dendritic cell (DC) activation and concomitant tumor-specific T-cell priming. However, the broad expression of CD40 accounts for sink and side effects, hampering the efficacy of anti-CD40 antibodies. We hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by selectively targeting CD40 agonism to the tumor. Therefore, we developed a bispecific FAP-CD40 antibody, which induces CD40 stimulation solely in presence of fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), a protease specifically expressed in the tumor stroma.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;FAP-CD40's &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; activity and FAP specificity were validated by antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation and T-cell priming assays. In addition, FAP-CD40 was tested in subcutaneous MC38-FAP and KPC-4662-huCEA murine tumor models.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;FAP-CD40 triggered a potent, strictly FAP-dependent CD40 stimulation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, FAP-CD40 strongly enhanced T-cell inflammation and growth inhibition of KPC-4662-huCEA tumors. Unlike nontargeted CD40 agonists, FAP-CD40 mediated complete regression of MC38-FAP tumors, entailing long-term protection. A high dose of FAP-CD40 was indispensable for these effects. While nontargeted CD40 agonists induced substantial side effects, highly dosed FAP-CD40 was well tolerated. FAP-CD40 preferentially accumulated in the tumor, inducing predominantly intratumoral immune activation, whereas nontargeted CD40 agonists displayed strong systemic but limited intratumoral effects.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;FAP-CD40 abrogates the systemic toxicity associated with nontargeted CD40 agonists. This enables administration of high doses, essential for overcoming CD40 sink effects and inducing antitumor immunity. Consequently, FAP-targeted CD40 agonism represents a promising strategy to exploit the full potential of CD40 signaling for CIT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;