gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-evolution of Ligand-Receptor Pairs in the Vasopressin/Oxytocin Superfamily of Bioactive Peptides (1996)

In order to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the co-evolution of related yet functionally distinct peptide-receptor pairs, we study receptors for the vasopressin-related peptide Lys-conopressin in the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. In addition to a previously cloned Lys-conopressin receptor (LSCPR1), we have now identified a novel Lys-conopressin receptor subtype, named LSCPR2. The two receptors have a differential distribution in the reproductive organs and the brain, which suggests that they are involved in the control of distinct aspects of reproduction and mediate transmitter-like and/or modulatory effects of Lys-conopressin on different types of central neurons. In contrast to LSCPR1, LSCPR2 is maximally activated by both Lys-conopressin and Ile-conopressin, an oxytocin-like synthetic analog of Lys-conopressin. Together with a study of the phylogenetic relationships of Lys-conopressin receptors and their vertebrate counterparts, these data suggest that LSCPR2 represents an ancestral receptor to the vasopressin/oxytocin receptor family in the vertebrates. Based on our findings, we provide a theory of the molecular co-evolution of the functionally distinct ligand-receptor pairs of the vasopressin/oxytocin superfamily of bioactive peptides.
Copper-catalysed selective hydroamination reactions of alkynes (2014)

The development of selective reactions that utilize easily available and abundant precursors for the efficient synthesis of amines is a long-standing goal of chemical research. Despite the centrality of amines in a number of important research areas, including medicinal chemistry, total synthesis and materials science, a general, selective and step-efficient synthesis of amines is still needed. Here, we describe a set of mild catalytic conditions utilizing a single copper-based catalyst that enables the direct preparation of three distinct and important amine classes (enamines, α-chiral branched alkylamines and linear alkylamines) from readily available alkyne starting materials with high levels of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. This methodology was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of ​rivastigmine and the formal synthesis of several other pharmaceutical agents, including ​duloxetine, ​atomoxetine, ​fluoxetine and ​tolterodine.
A murine model of radiation-induced capsule-tissue reactions around smooth silicone implants (2018)

As the availability of breast reconstruction using implants is becoming widespread and many implant recipients undergo radiation therapy, there is an increasing interest in understanding the potential complications associated with capsule-tissue interactions in response to irradiation. Accordingly, our medical institution designed an animal experiment to investigate the effects of irradiation on capsular contracture. A total of 40 mice (C57BL6) were divided into four groups according to whether or not they received irradiation and the time from implantation to irradiation. After each mouse received a specially-fabricated, 1.5 cm semi-spherical silicone implant inserted into the area below the panniculus carnosus, half of the mice were irradiated using singe administration of a 10 Gy dose of radiation (6 MeV). Subsequently, data from gross inspection, histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis were obtained at one and three months postoperatively and analyzed. Changes that occurred near the capsule led to the phenomenon of contracture subsequent to encapsulation. Our findings suggest that the inflammation reaction occurring near the implant becomes aggravated by 'radiation toxicity' and creates an environment conducive to capsular contracture. The present study demonstrated the process by which the complication of capsular contracture may occur during the treatment of human breast cancer via radiotherapy. These findings may serve as the basis for research and development of future treatments of capsular contracture.
Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review (2021)

Population segmentation has a wide range of clinical applications for evaluating clinical outcomes among T2DM patients. More studies are required to identify the optimal set of population segmentation framework for T2DM patients.
DERIVING A NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE THERMAL INDEX (NDTI) FROM ASTER SATELLITE IMAGERY 1 (2008)

This paper addresses current investigations into the development of a new remote-sensing indicator, the Normalized Difference Thermal Index (NDTI), used to distinguish between pavements and rooftops in urban areas. The NDTI is based on the premise that if materials have different thermal spectral responses, then ratioing the significantly distinguishing bands and normalizing those values to a standardized range will provide a sensitive and comparable test of thermal character. In previous work, the concept of an NDTI for urban infrastructure was proposed and demonstrated using thermal band data from the airborne imager instrument ATLAS. The satellite-based ASTER sensor offers images in the same thermal spectral range as the ATLAS instrument but at a much coarser resolution. This work investigated the viability of using the ASTER images as a source for NDTI evaluations. It was found that the ASTER images did not clearly distinguish between pavements and rooftops in urban areas, largely because the normal spatial extent of either pavements or rooftops is much smaller than the 90 meter ASTER resolution. As a result, the noise of other land-cover types within an ASTER pixel was greater than the signal needed to distinguish between pavements and rooftops.
Figure Legends (S1-S5) from The Anticancer Activity of a First-in-class Small-molecule Targeting PCNA (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure Legends Supplemental figure legend: Figure S1. A diagram illustrating the process of virtual screen and follow-up cellular assays used in compound triage. The virtual screen by the computer modeling programs, MOE and Glide, is based on the known crystal structures of the PCNA/FEN1 complex that are available from the RCSB protein database. The cellular assays that led to the identification of AOH39 is described in Figure S3. Figure S2. The chemical structures of the 57 hits (AOH compounds) identified by the virtual screen. Compounds sharing structural similarities are organized on the same rows. Compounds that showed inhibitory activities on cancer cells are highlighted. Figure S3. Effect of AOH compounds on cell growth. The SK-N-AS and SK-N-DZ NB cells and human PBMCs were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of the indicated AOH compounds for 72 hours. The cell growth was measured by a CellTiter-Glo assay (Promega, Madison, WI). The relative cell abundance was graphed by Prism. Figure S4. Effect of AOH1160 on NCI60 cancer cells. AOH1160 was submitted to the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The compound was tested in the NCI60 cell lines in the standard 5-dose assay as described (https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/methodology.htm). Briefly, cells were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of AOH1160 for 48 hours. Cells growth was analyzed by a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay after cells were fixed by ice-cold 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The GI50 in molar for each cell line was calculated by DTP. Shown in the graph are the LogGI50. Figure S5. Enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin by AOH1160. Human SK-N-AS NB cells were treated with or without 1 ï�­M of cisplatin (CPT) in the presence or absence of 500 nM of AOH1160 for 18 h. Cells were washed with growth medium and were cultured in fresh media for 3 weeks to allow colony formation. The normalized colony counts under each treatment condition in triplicates were averaged and graphed plus/minus standard deviations. Based on Bliss independence model (see Methods), the combination index (Cl) for 1 ï�­M of CPT and 500 nM of AOH1160 is about 0.74.&lt;/p&gt;
Amelioration of type 1 diabetes following treatment of non-obese diabetic mice with INGAP and lisofylline (2012)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from the autoimmune and inflammatory destruction of insulin-producing islet β cells, rendering individuals devoid of insulin production. Recent studies suggest that combination therapies consisting of anti-inflammatory agents and islet growth-promoting factors have the potential to cause sustained recovery of β cell mass, leading to amelioration or reversal of type 1 diabetes in mouse models. In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of the anti-inflammatory agent lisofylline (LSF) with an active peptide fragment of islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP peptide) would lead to remission of type 1 diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. We treated groups of spontaneously diabetic NOD mice with combinations of LSF, INGAP peptide, or control saline parenterally for up to 6 weeks. Our results demonstrate that the mice receiving combined treatment with LSF and INGAP peptide exhibited partial remission of diabetes with increased plasma insulin levels. Histologic assessment of pancreata in mice receiving combined therapy revealed the presence of islet insulin staining, increased β cell replication, and evidence of Pdx1-positivity in ductal cells. By contrast, diabetic animals showed severe insulitis with no detectible insulin or Pdx1 staining. We conclude that the novel combination treatment with LSF and INGAP peptide has the potential to ameliorate hyperglycemia in the setting of established type 1 diabetes via the recovery of endogenous β cells and warrant further studies.
Novel Bis(indolyl)maleimide Pyridinophanes that Are Potent, Selective Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Current Clinical Practice: Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia at the Close of the 20th Century (1999)

In the last half of this century, hairy cell leukemia was recognized as a distinct B-cell malignancy, accounting for 2% of all leukemias. Characteristics include splenomegaly, pancytopenia, a usually indolent course, and responsiveness to both interferon and purine analog therapy. Accurate diagnosis requires the demonstration of malignant cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood which contain cytoplasmic projections and characteristic surface antigens. Splenectomy was identified early as a palliative therapy, and in 1984 systemic treatment with interferon alpha was first reported to induce complete remissions. Soon thereafter, the purine analog deoxycoformycin was found to induce more durable complete remissions in a higher percentage of patients. In 1990, 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine, a new purine analog therapy, was reported to be capable of inducing long-term durable responses in most patients after a single cycle. Current challenges include identifying which purine analog is the least toxic since both appear similarly effective, and neither appear to add to the already increased rate of second malignancies occurring in these patients. Moreover, up to 25% of patients with hairy cell leukemia fail initially or eventually to respond to standard therapy, making the development of new approaches necessary. The characteristic bright expression of several B-cell antigens on the malignant cells, including CD20, CD22 and CD25, has led to the development of targeted biotherapeutic approaches. A recombinant immunotoxin targeting CD25 has recently been reported to induce major responses and it is likely that other successful targeted approaches will be reported early in the new century.
Using an ATM interconnect as a high performance I/O backplanet (2005)

We present the design-of an ATM-based interconnect that serves as a high speed packet-switched equivalent of an IVO bus in a workstation/server. By effectively "mending" an external ATM network into the desk-area, the intwconnect also functions as a high performance host-network interface. The prototype interconnect, which we are building as part of an ARPA sponsored gigabit local ATM testbed, boasts an aggregate sustained bidirectional data rate in excess of a gigabit per second. 'Me interconnect design, which is targewd specifically for multimedia workstations/servers, employs a single custom vi-si chip called the ATM Port Interconnect Controller (APIC); by daisy-chaining a number of these chips, and con necting each to an X/O device, we can suppon the uninterrupted flow of continuous media data from device to device, as well as from a device to the network and vice-versa.
Preparation, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Chemistry of Stable AzidoiodinanesDerivatives of Benziodoxole (1996)

Azidoiodinanes 2 and 4a,b can be prepared from the appropriate benziodoxoles 1 and 3a,b and trimethylsilyl azide in the form of stable, crystalline compounds. A single-crystal X-ray analysis for azide 4b revealed the expected hypervalent iodine distorted T-shaped geometry with the N1−I−O bond angle of 169.5 (2) degrees. The lengths of the bonds to the iodine atom, I−N (2.18 Å), I−O (2.13 Å), and I−C (2.11 Å), are within the range of typical single covalent bonds in organic derivatives of polyvalent iodine, while the previously reported benziodoxoles generally have an elongated I−O bond. The geometry of the I(III)NNN fragment in 4b is similar to the literature electron diffraction data on monomeric iodine azide, IN3, in gas phase. Azidobenziodoxoles 2,4 are potentially useful reagents for direct azidation of organic substrates, such as dimethylanilines, alkanes, and alkenes. Reaction of 2 with dimethylanilines proceeds under mild conditions to afford the respective N-azidomethyl-N-methylanilines in excellent yield. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and adamantanes react with azidobenziodoxoles 2 or 4b in the presence of radical initiators at 80−132 °C with the formation of tertiary alkylazides, while reaction of norbornane leads to exo-2-azidonorbornane. Under similar conditions cyclohexene is selectively azidated at the allylic position.
g Sensors: What Can be Done With a Non- gid Vision Platform? (1998)

We describe the principles of building a moving vision platform (a Rig) that once calibrated can thereon selfadjust to changes in its internal configuration and maintain an Euclidean representation of the 30 world using only projective measurements. Formally, we address the question of how to obtain an invariant 30 projective representation from a dynamic collection of cameras. such as visual recognition by alignment, image transfer in Photogrammetry and image-based rendering in Computer Graphics in which a projective representation is sufficient (for example, [ 17, 2, 121). However, in mensuration, navigation and robot guidance tasks an Euclidean representation is necessary - and to that end a growing body of literature is dedicated to the problem of obtaining an Euclidean representation [7,4, 11, 22, 11. We divide the various approaches into the following classes: We show that the maximal generality is reached when the rig consists of 5 cameras whose center of projection remain $xed relative to each other during the motion. In other words, the non-rigid component motion may consist of change of internal parameters and relative camera orientations. The configuration reduces to 3 views when the Rig is built using a single physical camera with half-mirrors (beam-splitters) for creating 3 distinct views. We also briefly discuss 2-view configurations using hawmirrors and the principle behind adapting the conjguration to allow for zoom lenses in the system. The new research paradigm on non-rigid rigs (we term “Omni-Rig ’7 is applicable to the design of hion-based
ESTROGEN-INDUCED CREATINE KINASE IN THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE IMMATURE FEMALE RAT (1983)

An increase in the biosynthetic rate of the brain-type isozyme of creatine kinase (CKBB, first described in the uterus as the “estrogen-induced protein”) was found in the ovary, vagina and estrogen receptor-rich regions of the brain (preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus and median eminence), one hour after injection of 5 μg of estradiol-17β into 25-28 day-old rats. The increase in synthetic rate in the ovary, detected by 35S methionine incorporation, peaked at 1h, but still remained higher than in control ovaries at 6 h and was reflected in a longer-term increase in ovarian CK specific activity after 4 daily injections. Both ovary and vagina, similarly to brain, contained exclusively the BB isozyme of CK. These findings suggest that the entire female reproductive system can respond to estrogen by a rapid induction of CKBB.
Functional Census of Mutation Sequence Spaces: The Example of p53 Cancer Rescue Mutants (2006)

Many biomedical problems relate to mutant functional properties across a sequence space of interest, e.g., flu, cancer, and HIV. Detailed knowledge of mutant properties and function improves medical treatment and prevention. A functional census of p53 cancer rescue mutants would aid the search for cancer treatments from p53 mutant rescue. We devised a general methodology for conducting a functional census of a mutation sequence space by choosing informative mutants early. The methodology was tested in a double-blind predictive test on the functional rescue property of 71 novel putative p53 cancer rescue mutants iteratively predicted in sets of three (24 iterations). The first double-blind 15-point moving accuracy was 47 percent and the last was 86 percent; r = 0.01 before an epiphanic 16th iteration and r = 0.92 afterward. Useful mutants were chosen early (overall r = 0.80). Code and data are freely available (http://www.igb.uci.edu/research/research.html, corresponding authors: R.H.L. for computation and R.K.B. for biology).
Diversity antenna terminal evaluation (2005)

Simulated and measured correlation and diversity performance for a couple of two-antenna concepts are presented. The results indicate that the three-dimensional isotropic incident field is a good reference case to evaluate diversity performance in a multi-antenna application.
Improving the print quality of screenshots (2015)

This article considers a method of improving print quality for screenshots. The proposed method is based on detecting and vectorizing text areas on raster images. The main study is dedicated to smooth screen-text segmentation, determining background and text color, improving resolution, and recovering the contour of symbols and approximating them with Bezier curves. The proposed method is resistant to different colors, text sizes, and languages and makes it possible to obtain a sharp and correct text display for printing.
Does optimized daytime/nighttime programming reduce insertable cardiac monitor event burden? (2023)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Boston Scientific. Background Insertable Cardiac Monitors (ICM) are widely used for long term cardiac arrhythmia monitoring and diagnosis. ICMs can generate episodes (and associated alerts) that are non-actionable from a clinical standpoint leading to alert fatigue. In particular, non-actionable bradycardia and pause events may occur at nighttime due to reduced sympathetic tone during sleep. We have used stored auto-detected events to better understand optimal programming with nighttime settings to eliminate potentially clinically non-actionable episodes and improve clinic workflow. Objective Evaluate the reduction in clinic episode review burden in bradycardia (brady) and pause episodes with a new daytime/nighttime programming optimization in LUX-Dx ICM. Methods We analyzed data from 2,555 patients implanted with LUX-Dx ICM that included 132,928 detected brady and pause episodes stored remotely. We evaluated optimized settings with separately programmed nocturnal (11p-7a) and nominal daytime (7a-11p) rates and durations as compared to full-time nominal settings (24-hour nominal). Optimized nocturnal programming was set to trigger event storage on a heart rate setting of ≤30 bpm as well as a duration setting of ≥5s for nocturnal brady and pause episodes. The nominal day time and 24-hour settings for brady and pause episodes were HR ≤40bpm and duration ≥3s. The episode burden was analyzed retrospectively using stored episodes comparing optimized versus full-time nominal programming. Results A simulation using the optimized settings showed that 98% and 90% of the nocturnal bradycardia (n = 1909) and pause episodes (n = 1198) had a HR &amp;gt;30bpm, and duration &amp;lt;5s respectively. As a result, the optimized settings for nocturnal episodes reduced 75% and 56% of bradycardia and pause episodes, respectively. (See Figure 1). At a patient level, 63% and 25% of patients had a substantial reduction (&amp;gt;=50%) in brady and pause episodes, respectively. Conclusion The optimized programming settings, which simply adjusts for nocturnal physiology, may substantially improve clinical workflow by reducing potentially clinically non-actionable episodes and associated alerts detected by the LUX-Dx ICM. More clinical correlative studies are needed to understand patient risk.
Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Febrifugine Derivatives. (2001)

The regioisomers (2a,b) of the piperidine ring of febrifugine (1a) and isofebrifugine (1b) were synthesized from 4-allyl-3-piperidone (5). Reduction of 5 afforded a mixture of the trans and cis alcohols (6a,b) without diastereoselectivity; this result differentiated it from the reduction of 2-allyl-3-piperidone (14). The antimalarial activity of 2a,b and related compounds was tested.
CC Bond Formation Between “Electron‐Rich” and “Electron‐Deficient” Alkenes (1981)

The mild multistep CC bond formation between “electron-rich” and “electron-deficient” alkenes (1) and (2), respectively, can be carried out in good yields as a one-pot reaction. R1 and R2 of (1) can be alkyl-, aryl- and alkoxy groups, while in the case of (2), cyano groups, carboxylic esters, keto-, anhydride, and imide residues are suitable as X, Y and Z.
Enhanced Photonic Maxwell's Demon with Correlated Baths (2021)

Maxwell's Demon is at the heart of the interrelation between quantum information processing and thermodynamics. In this thought experiment, a demon generates a temperature gradient between two thermal baths initially at equilibrium by gaining information at the single-particle level and applying classical feed-forward operations, allowing for the extraction of work. Here we implement a photonic version of Maxwell's Demon with active feed-forward in a fibre-based system using ultrafast optical switches. We experimentally show that, if correlations exist between the two thermal baths, the Demon can generate a temperature difference over an order of magnitude larger than without correlations, and so extract more work. Our work demonstrates the great potential of photonic experiments -- which provide a unique degree of control on the system -- to access new regimes in quantum thermodynamics.