gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for N-terminal acetylation by human NatE and its modulation by HYPK (2020)

The human N-terminal acetyltransferase E (NatE) contains NAA10 and NAA50 catalytic, and NAA15 auxiliary subunits and associates with HYPK, a protein with intrinsic NAA10 inhibitory activity. NatE co-translationally acetylates the N-terminus of half the proteome to mediate diverse biological processes, including protein half-life, localization, and interaction. The molecular basis for how NatE and HYPK cooperate is unknown. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human NatE and NatE/HYPK complexes and associated biochemistry. We reveal that NAA50 and HYPK exhibit negative cooperative binding to NAA15 in vitro and in human cells by inducing NAA15 shifts in opposing directions. NAA50 and HYPK each contribute to NAA10 activity inhibition through structural alteration of the NAA10 substrate-binding site. NAA50 activity is increased through NAA15 tethering, but is inhibited by HYPK through structural alteration of the NatE substrate-binding site. These studies reveal the molecular basis for coordinated N-terminal acetylation by NatE and HYPK.
Helical X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography without phase stepping (2016)

X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) using grating interferometry provides enhanced soft-tissue contrast. The possibility to use standard polychromatic laboratory sources enables an implementation into a clinical setting. Thus, PCCT has gained significant attention in recent years. However, phase-contrast CT scans still require significantly increased measurement times in comparison to conventional attenuation-based CT imaging. This is mainly due to a time-consuming stepping of a grating, which is necessary for an accurate retrieval of the phase information. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel scan technique, which directly allows the determination of the phase signal without a phase-stepping procedure. The presented work is based on moiré fringe scanning, which allows fast data acquisition in radiographic applications such as mammography or in-line product analysis. Here, we demonstrate its extension to tomography enabling a continuous helical sample rotation as routinely performed in clinical CT systems. Compared to standard phase-stepping techniques, the proposed helical fringe-scanning procedure enables faster measurements, an extended field of view and relaxes the stability requirements of the system, since the gratings remain stationary. Finally, our approach exceeds previously introduced methods by not relying on spatial interpolation to acquire the phase-contrast signal.
Brain Computer Interfaces for Mobile Apps: State-of-the-art and Future\n Directions (2015)

In recent times, there have been significant advancements in utilizing the\nsensing capabilities of mobile devices for developing applications. The primary\nobjective has been to enhance the way a user interacts with the application by\nmaking it effortless and convenient. This paper explores the capabilities of\nusing Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), an evolving subset of Human Computer\nInteraction (HCI) paradigms, to control mobile devices. We present a\ncomprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in this area, discussing the\nchallenges and limitations in using BCI for mobile applications. Further we\npropose possible modalities that in future can benefit with BCI applications.\nThis paper consolidates research directions being pursued in this domain, and\ndraws conclusions on feasibility and benefits of using BCI systems effectively\naugmented to the mobile application development domain.\n
The phosphatidylinositol (PI)-5-phosphate 4-kinase type II enzyme controls insulin signaling by regulating PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate degradation (2003)

Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI-5-P) is a newly identified phosphoinositide with characteristics of a signaling lipid but no known cellular function. PI-5-P levels are controlled by the type II PI-5-P 4-kinases (PIP4K IIs), a family of kinases that converts PI-5-P into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2). The PI-5-P pathway is an alternative route for PI-4,5-P2 synthesis as the bulk of this lipid is generated by the canonical pathway in which phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI-4-P) is the intermediate. Here we examined the effect of activation of the PI-5-P pathway on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling by expressing PIP4K II beta in cells that lack this enzyme. Although PIP4K II generates PI-4,5-P2, a substrate for PI3K, expression of this enzyme reduced rather than increased phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI-3,4,5-P3) levels in cells stimulated with insulin or cells expressing activated PI3K. This reduction in PI-3,4,5-P3 levels resulted in decreased activation of the downstream protein kinase, Akt/PKB. Consistent with these results, expression of IpgD, a bacterial phosphatase that converts PI-4,5-P2 to PI-5-P, resulted in Akt activation, and this effect was partially reversed by PIP4K II beta. PIP4K II beta expression did not impair insulin-dependent association of PI3K with insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) but abbreviated Akt activation, indicating that PIP4K II regulates PI-3,4,5-P3 degradation rather than synthesis. These data support a model in which the PI-5-P pathway controls insulin signaling that leads to Akt activation by regulating a PI-3,4,5-P3 phosphatase.
Outcome After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Capitellar and Trochlear Fractures (2006)

Patients with isolated noncomminuted capitellar and/or trochlear fractures have better results than those with more complex fractures. A classification system based on the radiographic patterns of these fractures is recommended.
Efficient Transduction of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Chimpanzee-Derived Adenoviral Vector (2003)

Using recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) to target host dendritic cells (DCs) presents an attractive prospect for immunization. The efficacy of commonly used human Ad-derived gene transfer vectors for antigen delivery in humans is often compromised by preexisting anti-Ad immunity, acquired by the majority of human population as a result of frequent naturally occurring virus infections. As an alternative vector we propose chimpanzee-derived recombinant adenoviruses, which are poorly neutralized by human sera. In the present study we examine the ability of one such vector, AdC68, to transduce and activate human monocyte-derived DCs in culture. We found that AdC68 could efficiently transduce both immature and mature DCs at levels similar to those by the human serotype 5 Ad recombinant. Exposure of immature DCs to AdC68 did not alter the expression of activation and maturation marker molecules on the cell surface. Nevertheless, the transduction induced DCs to secrete interferon alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, but not IL-12 or tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition, AdC68-transduced immature DCs could stimulate proliferation of autologous T lymphocytes. This is the first report describing a chimpanzee-derived recombinant Ad as a vector for transduction of human DCs.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride and IGZO Bio-FET for Rapid Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction (2022)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a life-threatening condition that causes millions of deaths every year. In this study, a transistor-based biosensor is developed for rapid and sensitive detection of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), a diagnostic biomarker of AMI. A biosensing technique based on a field effect transistor (FET), which uses indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) as an excellent semiconducting channel, is integrated with nanosheet materials to detect cTnI. Porous carbon nitride (PCN) decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is used as a bridge between the solid-state device and the biorecognition element. We demonstrate that this biosensor is highly sensitive and has an experimental limit of detection of 0.0066 ng/mL and a dynamic range of 0.01 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL. This is the first report of a semiconducting metal oxide FET cardiac biomarker sensor combined with PCN for the detection of cTnI. The reported compact microsystem paves the way for rapid and inexpensive detection of cardiac biomarkers.
Spectral Parameters and Wave Energy Converter Performance (2011)

Wave energy converter performance is typically specified for given values of significant wave height Hm0 and energy period T-10, in a matrix. For such a representation to be valid, it must be assum ...
Applicability of narrowband power line communication in an LVDC distribution network (2014)

It has been shown that high-frequency (HF) band power line communication (PLC) is a feasible data transmission method for a smart grid concept, namely for a low-voltage direct current (LVDC) electricity distribution system. However, because of the signal attenuation, the communication distances in the LVDC grid are limited with the HF band PLC. Hence, the new narrowband (NB) PLC should also be tested for the concept. In this paper, the PLC channel analysis in the LVDC system is carried out for the novel NB PLC technology, that is, the G3-PLC in the frequency band of 150-490 kHz. For the channel analysis, channel gain and noise signals from the terminals of the PLC couplers designed for the NB PLC are measured. The performance of the G3-PLC is analyzed theoretically and by communication tests. The noise voltages are measured, and communication tests are carried out in the LVDC laboratory system and in an LVDC field installation grid. The results show that NB PLC could be suitable for the concept.
Antivirals for influenza: a summary of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies (2013)

Despite the use of antivirals to treat patients with severe influenza, questions remain with respect to effects and safety. Although a recent systematic review has provided some indication of benefit, the analysis is limited by the quality of the available evidence from randomized controlled trials. To supplement the existing information, the authors conducted a systematic review of observational studies of antiviral treatment for influenza. This report summarises the findings of that review. Similar to the randomised trials, the confidence in the estimates of the effects for decision-making is low to very low primarily due to the risk of selection and publication bias in the observational studies. From these observational studies, the summary estimates suggest that oseltamivir may reduce mortality, hospitalisation and duration of symptoms compared with no treatment. Inhaled zanamivir may also reduce symptom duration and hospitalisations, but patients may experience more complications compared with no treatment. Earlier treatment with antivirals is generally associated with better outcomes than later treatment. Further high-quality evidence is needed to inform treatment guidelines because of the overall low to very low quality of evidence.
Dependence of the Reverse Current on the Surface of Electrode Placed on a Bipolar Plate in an Alkaline Water Electrolyzer (2018)

The behavior of the leak and reverse currents in a bipolar-type alkaline water electrolyzer has been investigated using a bipolar-type electrolyzer which consists of two cells. The electrodes were nickel mesh, which are the conventional electrodes for alkaline water electrolyzers. The leak circuit could be expressed by a simple equation and a simple equivalent circuit for the cell performance and ionic resistance of the manifolds. The electrolyte was replaced by a gas-free electrolyte after electrolysis to classify the influence of the reverse current into the gas reaction and electrode active material. As a result, the dominant driving force of the reverse current was the active nickel-based materials on the Ni electrode. The redox couples on the electrode surface during the reverse current were estimated based on the measured cell voltages and redox potentials on a nickel electrode. The final potentials of both sides on the bipolar plate for the replacement conditions were higher than those for the non-replacement condition, because the hydrogen of the reductant was removed from the cathode electrolyte, and the balance of the reductant and oxidant would change to the oxidation side.
Dynamic range of mass accuracy in LTQ orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer (2006)

Using a novel orbitrap mass spectrometer, the authors investigate the dynamic range over which accurate masses can be determined (extent of mass accuracy) for short duration experiments typical for LC/MS. A linear ion trap is used to selectively fill an intermediate ion storage device (C-trap) with ions of interest, following which the ensemble of ions is injected into an orbitrap mass analyzer and analyzed using image current detection and fast Fourier transformation. Using this technique, it is possible to generate ion populations with intraspectrum intensity ranges up to 10(4). All measurements (including ion accumulation and image current detection) were performed in less than 1 s at a resolving power of 30,000. It was shown that 5-ppm mass accuracy of the orbitrap mass analyzer is reached with >95% probability at a dynamic range of more than 5000, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than typical values for time-of-flight instruments. Due to the high resolving power of the orbitrap, accurate mass of an ion could be determined when the signal was reliably distinguished from noise (S/Np-p)>2...3).
StegoTorus (2012)

Internet censorship by governments is an increasingly common practice worldwide. Internet users and censors are locked in an arms race: as users find ways to evade censorship schemes, the censors develop countermeasures for the evasion tactics. One of the most popular and effective circumvention tools, Tor, must regularly adjust its network traffic signature to remain usable.
Automatic polyp detection of colon using high resolution ct scans (2004)

Automatic detection of polyps can be a valuable tool for diagnoses of early colorectal cancer as early detection and hence removal of polyps can save life. Polyp detection is a challenging task as polyps come in different sizes and shapes. The detection generally consists of three stages: 1) colon segmentation, 2) identification of suspected polyps and 3) polyp classification. The latter involves classifying polyps from among many suspected regions. This paper concentrates on the first two stages of the detection. For the colon segmentation, the fuzzy connectivity region growing technique is used while for the identification of suspected polyps concave region searching is applied. The method is fast, robust and validated with a number of high-resolution colon datasets.
Mutant p53 accumulation in human breast cancer is not an intrinsic property or dependent on structural or functional disruption but is regulated by exogenous stress and receptor status (2014)

Many human cancers contain missense TP53 mutations that result in p53 protein accumulation. Although generally considered as a single class of mutations that abrogate wild-type function, individual TP53 mutations may have specific properties and prognostic effects. Tumours that contain missense TP53 mutations show variable p53 stabilization patterns, which may reflect the specific mutation and/or aspects of tumour biology. We used immunohistochemistry on cell lines and human breast cancers with known TP53 missense mutations and assessed the effects of each mutation with four structure-function prediction methods. Cell lines with missense TP53 mutations show variable percentages of cells with p53 stabilization under normal growth conditions, ranging from approximately 50% to almost 100%. Stabilization is not related to structural or functional disruption, but agents that stabilize wild-type p53 increase the percentages of cells showing missense mutant p53 accumulation in cell lines with heterogeneous stabilization. The same heterogeneity of p53 stabilization occurs in primary breast cancers, independent of the effect of the mutation on structural properties or functional disruption. Heterogeneous accumulation is more common in steroid receptor-positive or HER2-positive breast cancers and cell lines than in triple-negative samples. Immunohistochemcal staining patterns associate with Mdm2 levels, proliferation, grade and overall survival, whilst the type of mutation reflects downstream target activity. Inhibiting Mdm2 activity increases the extent of p53 stabilization in some, but not all, breast cancer cell lines. The data indicate that missense mutant p53 stabilization is a complex and variable process in human breast cancers that associates with disease characteristics but is unrelated to structural or functional properties. That agents which stabilize wild-type p53 also stabilize mutant p53 has implications for patients with heterogeneous mutant p53 accumulation, where therapy may activate mutant p53 oncogenic function.
New Insights Into the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Nucleus and Chromosomes (1997)

Abstract Recent methodology, to be described, now makes possible specific localization and analysis of genetic loci within 3-Dimensional interphase nuclei in intact cells and tissues with minimal perturbation of the chromosome structure (Dernburg and Sedat, 1997). These techniques define genetic loci that specifically interact with the nuclear envelope and interior structures; we are able to map all loci to highly localized 3-dimensional positions within Drosophila embryonic nuclei (Marshall et al, 1996). S-Dimensions-as-a-function-of-time (4-D) studies of live nuclei, from Yeast and Drosophila, allow dynamic chromosome interactions to be probed and quantitated. Our results suggest a very dynamic but highly determined and organized nucleus. Using these approaches, we can now study specific mechanisms leading to homologue chromosome pairing and position-effect variegation (Dernburg et al., 1996).
A molecular genetic approach to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (2002)

Disorders of the motor neurons may affect both the upper and lower neurons, primarily the lower motor neurons as in the spinal muscular atrophies are primarily the upper motor neurons as in the familial spastic paraplegias. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a degenerative disorder of the motor neuron that results in paralysis and wasting of voluntary muscles. Large motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord degenerate or are lost. Hyaline inclusions may be seen in the cytoplasm of surviving motor neurons. Acute axonal degeneration of peripheral motor fibers occurs at all levels, including the distal axon. Subclinical involvement of the spinecerebellar tracts, posterior column and Clarke's column as well as loss of large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and neurons of oculomotor nuclei has been reported. The average duration of life onset of symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is three years and ninety per cent of patients died within 5 years. The basic mechanism of disease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains unknown. There is no known treatment that will prevent, reverse or otherwise alter the course of the disease. Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are genetic models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which may provide insight into the disease mechanism of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, five to ten percent of adult cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with early onset of symptoms and a more benign course. It is conceivable that both genetic and sporadic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis result from failure of the same or similar neuronal mechanism triggered by defective genes and by an environment agent in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Methods in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclic Diels–Alder Products (2007)

Abstract The direct amine‐catalyzed enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction between α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketones and nitroolefins is presented. A simple diamine catalyzes the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction with high stereoselectivity and furnishes the corresponding Diels–Alder adducts in good to high yields with &gt;25:1 dr and up to 86 % ee . The study demonstrates a convenient entry to functionalized bicyclic molecules contaning four stereocenters that are formed with excellent diastreoselectivity and good to high enantioselectivity.
NASA ACC High Energy Dynamic Impact Methodology and Outcomes (2018)

For High Energy Dynamic Impact (HEDI) events, testing to evaluate the structural response of primary aircraft structure for design and certification is both expensive and time consuming. This paper discusses current work seeking to assess, develop, and validate appropriate analytical models that accurately predict physical response, damage, and failure modes for large scale composite structures in HEDI events. Four state-of-the-art Progressive Damage Analysis (PDA) methods were employed for this phased project: LS-DYNA MAT162, LS-DYNA MAT261, Smoothed Particle Galerkin (SPG), and EMU Peridynamics. Multiple material systems were considered, namely T700/5208 textile-infusion triaxial braid, T800/AMD-825 textile-infusion triaxial braid, IM7/8552 uni-directional tape, and SPG 196-PW/8552 plain-weave fabric. Extensive ballistic impact testing was performed to support this activity and measured results were compared to predictive models for assessment using panel delamination, panel displacement, force at the load cells, and threshold velocity as measures. Ultimately, the work under this activity provided significant progress in advancing the state-of-the-art in the use of PDA for HEDI events. Each material model had favorable performance comparing to test in some parameters and needed improvement in others. With the lessons learned from this activity, significant progress was made in the ability to predict panel behavior for a more general case beyond the flat panel in a ballistic impact event. Subsequent Phase II of the NASA ACC HEDI effort will continue to build on the coupon testing, flat panel ballistic impact testing, and analysis performed to-date with application of the PDA methods for intended material selections to test articles with greater complexity of configuration, curvature, and scale. It is not the intention of this paper to present a full set of data, but rather to give an overview of the NASA HEDI effort and show a small representative subset of the test and analysis results.
Synthesis and sintering properties of aluminium nitride nanopowder prepared by the gas-reduction nitridation method (2003)

Aluminium nitride (AlN) nanopowder was successfully synthesized from transition alumina nanopowder via a new single-step nitridation process. A gas mixture of NH3–C3 H8 was employed as a reduction–nitridation agent, which enables direct nitridation of transition alumina at processing temperatures of 1200–1400 °C. AlN powder prepared under typical reaction conditions was found to be phase-pure and nanocrystalline, with a specific surface area of 36.4 m2 g−1 and a mean particle size around 50 nm. The AlN nanopowders produced could be densified to a pore-free state in conventional processing, without resort to the use of sintering aids. SEM observation revealed markedly small grain sizes in the sintered specimens compared with the commonly processed AlN.