gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2004)

Controlling the optical properties of patterned optical materials is generally useful. Much headway has been made into patterning passive optical structures and fabricating them of a variety of materials. Recent efforts have been made to tune the properties thermally, electronically and optically. Liquid crystals offer several mechanisms for varying their optical properties. They have been incorporated into patterned templates to make electro-optic and photo-optic materials. Holographic photopolymerization provides a means to form an arbitrary structure incorporating multiple material phases such as liquid crystals. Electro optic holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs) have been the subject of extensive investigation. We report photo-optic HPDLCs incorporating azobenzene derived liquid crystals (Azo-LCs).
Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Middleware for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Systems (2009)

The research interest in the area of pervasive and ubiquitous computing has recently experienced a significant grown. Such computing scenarios include applications endowed with context awareness and adaptive capacities and sensor-instrumented environments where devices communicate through a Wireless Network. The building of software solutions for such scenarios involves a wide range of challenges due to the myriad of different applications to be considered, the specific requirements of such applications, as well as the multitude of hardware devices and communication technologies that constitute the pervasive and ubiquitous computing. In order to address such challenges, researchers should investigate different and distinct areas of computing ranging from new technologies of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks and context provision platforms to software engineering techniques. Initial approaches to build software for pervasive and ubiquitous computing were based on the ad-hoc development of applications specifically tailored for a target technology and hardware platform. Recently, researchers have investigated the adoption of more structured and systematic approaches of development as those based on the employment of middleware platforms.

Given the current context, the Workshop on Middleware for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Systems (WMUPS) seeks to establish a forum for researches on the essential middleware services, abstractions and infrastructures as well as software engineering techniques and processes for busting the developing of software systems for pervasive and ubiquitous computing in general. Moreover, we intend to provide an effusive forum to discuss middleware concepts and services applied to a core technology in this scenario which are the Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN).

The review process was conducted as following. Each paper was reviewed by at least three independent referees, which evaluated the works according to significance, technical content, style, clarity, and relevance to the workshop. Given the goal of a workshop of providing a forum to prospective works, we encouraged authors to submit recent and innovative ideas even if they are not still completely validated. We also suggested the reviewers of taken such goal into account when evaluating the submitted works. We had a severe conflict in one of the submitted papers which was solved by asking for a fourth review.
Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase from Bovine Anterior Pituitary Gland (1971)

Abstract Fifty per cent of the total protein kinase activity from bovine anterior pituitary gland is found in the 200,000 x g supernatant. The remaining enzymatic activity is widely distributed among the subcellular particulate fractions. The microsomal fraction has the highest specific activity under conditions of endogenous substrate availability whereas the 200,000 x g supernatant is the most active in the presence of excess histones. A large proportion of the enzymatic activity (43 to 86%) is solubilized by Triton X-100 from the various subcellular particulate fractions. Unmasking of protein kinase activity by the detergent is especially high in the smooth microsomal fraction. The relatively low cyclic AMP dependence of the protein kinase associated with the particulate fractions and the high proportion (80%) of enzyme available to exogenous substrate in the 200,000 x g supernatant suggests that the primary effect of cyclic AMP might be exerted on the receptor-catalytic protein kinase complex in the cytosol with subsequent binding of the catalytic subunit to its various soluble or particulate substrates in the adenohypophyseal cell.
Atomic ∞uorescence emitted into an optical nanoflber: coupling e-ciency and spectrum (2008)

We present an analysis of the lineshape and strength of the ∞uorescence emitted by optically excited atoms and coupled to an optical flber. We show the frequency-position selectivity and asymmetry of the spectral emission line. The theoretical analysis is compared with experimental data. @2008 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 270.0270; 300.0300 In recent years there has been considerable interest in the problem of the interaction between optically excited atoms and dielectric nanobodies. The basic aspects of such an interaction are the modiflcation of the spontaneous emission rate near nanobodies [1-4] and the dependence of the coupling of atomic ∞uorescence to the nanobody on the strength of the interaction between the atoms and the surface of the nanobody. A study of these problems is of importance for developing both new spectroscopic techniques to measure interactions between atoms and nanobodies, and new experimental schemes to control internal and translational atomic states near optical nanobodies [5-7]. In this paper, we report on the spectrum of ∞uorescence emitted by optically excited atoms into the fundamental guided mode of an optical nanoflber and present a comparison with experimental data. We consider an ensemble of two-level atoms located in the vicinity of an optical nanoflber as shown in Fig. 1a. The atoms are excited by a laser fleld near-resonant to the atomic dipole transition and emit ∞uorescent light which can generally propagate into the guided flber modes. We speciflcally consider the practically important case when the frequency of the ∞uorescent light is chosen to be below the cut-ofi frequencies of all the guided modes except the fundamental mode HE11, so that the ∞uorescent light contributes into the fundamental guided mode only. In the simple case of two-level atoms excited by an external laser fleld near-resonant to the dipole optical transition, the power of the ∞uorescent light coupled to the guided flber mode at weak optical saturation can be shown to be
Test of the Jarzynski and Crooks Fluctuation Relations in an Electronic System (2012)

Recent progress on micro- and nanometer-scale manipulation has opened the possibility to probe systems small enough that thermal fluctuations of energy and coordinate variables can be significant compared with their mean behavior. We present an experimental study of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in a classical two-state system, namely, a metallic single-electron box. We have measured with high statistical accuracy the distribution of dissipated energy as single electrons are transferred between the box electrodes. The obtained distributions obey Jarzynski and Crooks fluctuation relations. A comprehensive microscopic theory exists for the system, enabling the experimental distributions to be reproduced without fitting parameters.
Molecular Association between ATR and Two Components of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylating Complex, HDAC2 and CHD4 (1999)

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)- and Rad3-related protein (ATR) is a phosphatidylinositol-kinase (PIK)-related kinase that has been implicated in the response of human cells to multiple forms of DNA damage and may play a role in the DNA replication checkpoint. The purification of an ATR complex allowed identification of chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) as an ATR-associated protein by tandem mass spectrometric sequencing. CHD4 (also called Mi-2beta) is a component of a histone-deacetylase-2 (HDAC2)-containing complex, the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NRD) complex. Endogenous ATR, CHD4, and HDAC2 are shown to coimmunoprecipitate, and ATR and HDAC2 coelute through two biochemical purification steps. Other members of the NRD complex, HDAC1, MTA1, and MTA2, are also detectable in ATR immunoprecipitates. ATR's association with CHD4 and HDAC2 suggests that there may be a linkage between ATR's role in mediating checkpoints induced by DNA damage and chromatin modulation via remodeling and deacetylation.
Quantum Materials with Atomic Precision: Artificial Atoms in Solids: Ab Initio Design, Control, and Integration of Single Photon Emitters in Artificial Quantum Materials (2019)

Abstract This Progress Report explores advances and opportunities in the atomic‐scale design, fabrication, and imaging of quantum materials toward creating artificial atoms in solids with tailored optoelectronic and quantum properties. The authors outline an “ab initio” approach to quantitatively linking first‐principles calculations and atomic imaging with atomic patterning, setting the stage for new designer quantum nanomaterials.
A strategy for the study of cerebral amino acid transport using iodine-123-labeled amino acid radiopharmaceutical: 3-iodo-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine. (1991)

We examined the brain accumulation of iodine-123-iodo-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine (123I-L-AMT) in mice and rats. I-L-AMT showed high brain accumulation in mice, and in rats; rat brain uptake index exceeded that of 14C-L-tyrosine. The brain uptake index and the brain slice studies indicated the affinity of I-L-AMT for carrier-mediated and stereoselective active transport systems, respectively; both operating across the blood-brain barrier and cell membranes of the brain. The tissue homogenate analysis revealed that most of the accumulated radioactivity belonged to intact I-L-AMT, an indication of its stability. Thus, 123I-L-AMT appears to be a useful radiopharmaceutical for the selective measurement of cerebral amino acid transport.
GaSb‐Based Solar Cells for Full Solar Spectrum Energy Harvesting (2017)

Abstract In this work, a multijunction solar cell is developed on a GaSb substrate that can efficiently convert the long‐wavelength photons typically lost in a multijunction solar cell into electricity. A combination of modeling and experimental device development is used to optimize the performance of a dual junction GaSb/InGaAsSb concentrator solar cell. Using transfer printing, a commercially available GaAs‐based triple junction cell is stacked mechanically with the GaSb‐based materials to create a four‐terminal, five junction cell with a spectral response range covering the region containing &gt;99% of the available direct‐beam power from the Sun reaching the surface of the Earth. The cell is assembled in a mini‐module with a geometric concentration ratio of 744 suns on a two‐axis tracking system and demonstrated a combined module efficiency of 41.2%, measured outdoors in Durham, NC. Taking into account the measured transmission of the optics gives an implied cell efficiency of 44.5%.
Design and Synthesis of Foldamers Based on an Anthracene Diels-Alder Adduct (2001)

A twelve-membered hydrogen-bonded ring and the resulting helical structure (see picture) in the tetrapeptide and an eight-membered hydrogen-bonded ring in the dipeptide illustrate the structural consequences of the incorporation of the novel β-amino acid derived from the Diels–Alder adduct of anthracene and dimenthyl fumarate.
Current concepts regarding drug dosing for peripheral stents (2019)

Drug-eluting stent (DES) are the mainstay therapy for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Stent design and drug-elution strategies have evolved over the years leading to the last generation DES which shows optimal safety and efficacy outcome. Peripheral arteries have different mechanical and biological features and the lessons learned from the coronary field have been difficult to introduce into the development of peripheral vascular technologies. First, due to its complex biomechanical behavior the use of metallic stents is limited in some vascular segments (i.e., distal superficial fermoral artery [SFA]). Also, peripheral vascular atherosclerosis is different containing higher levels of plaque burden and calcium. Finally, peripheral arterial disease tends to be more aggressive including longer lesions and higher incidence of total chronic occlusion. In general terms, restenosis in the peripheral vascular territory is more aggressive and occurs at a later time (~12 months) requiring a different pharmacokinetic profile compared to coronary technologies. Several strategies have been evaluated in the peripheral arteries raging from the bare metal stent to the drug coated balloon and drug eluting stent with outcome varying depending on the different field of application (i.e. SFA and below-the-knee). Results coming from the clinical trial are encouraging but further studies and direct comparison among the different technologies are demanded to determine the best therapy for peripheral vascular disease.
Theoretical Study of Styrene (Methanol)n Clusters, n = 1−9. Comparison with Methanol Clusters (2003)

The structures, energetics, and growth pattern of styrene (methanol)n clusters, (SMn), with n = 2−9 are investigated using a search technique that employs Monte Carlo procedures. A 6−12−1 all-atom potential was developed that accurately reproduces the heat of vaporization, heat capacity, and density of liquid styrene. This potential, in conjunction with the OPLS potential for methanol, yields results strongly correlated with the experimental observations from our R2PI study of the SMn clusters. The progressive addition of methanol molecules to styrene leads to the formation of stable methanol clusters similar to those formed in the absence of styrene, with the exception of the SM3 cluster where the lowest energy structure incorporates the methanol trimer as a hydrogen-bonded chain, rather than as the more stable cyclic structure of M3. For the SMn clusters with n = 4−9, cyclic and branched cyclic methanol structures are found. In the clusters containing 5, 7, and 9 methanol molecules, the methanol subclusters are present on both sides of the plane of the styrene. The nonadditivity and size specificity of observed spectral shifts are explained through the use of a series of compact and expanded structures, with the interaction energy calculated between the styrene and the methanol subcluster (Mn). The results indicate that the spectral shifts correlate with the interaction energies between styrene and Mn within the SMn clusters. The modeled cluster structures and simple energetic arguments provide a reasonably compelling picture of the spectral shifts associated with hydrogen bonding interaction among methanol molecules and between styrene and the methanol subclusters.
Rate-reduction transcoding design for wireless video streaming (2003)

This paper presents two types of techniques suitable for rate-reduction transcoding for wireless video streaming applications. We begin this paper by reviewing existing approaches and addressing several issues related to transcoding. Next, we describe the first type of transcoding based on intra refresh architecture for spatial resolution reduction. Then, we present the second type of transcoding scheme based on rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics of the pre-encoded video. This R-D based approach can be applied to architecture simplification, rate control, frame dropping control, and channel adaptive transcoding. We conclude this paper by pointing out that transcoding is an integral part of wireless video streaming because it provide a flexible interface between the wired network and the wireless network.
A phase I study of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in patients with advanced cancer. (2003)

We demonstrated a biological effect of rhLIF on blood progenitor cells, C reactive protein levels, and hemopoietic recovery after chemotherapy.
Comparison of basic converter topologies for power factor correction (2002)

Basic types of DC-DC converters, when operating in discontinuous conduction mode, have self power factor correction (PFC) property, that is, if these converters are connected to the rectified AC line, they have the capability to give higher power factor by the nature of their topologies. Input current feedback is unnecessary when these converters are employed to improve power factor. In this paper, basic types of DC-DC converter topologies are studied to investigate their self-PFC capabilities. Their input characteristics are compared and their input line current waveforms are predicted.
Engineering Metastability into a Virus-like Particle to Enable Triggered Dissociation (2023)

For a virus-like particle (VLP) to serve as a delivery platform, the VLP must be able to release its cargo in response to a trigger. Here, we use a chemical biology approach to destabilize a self-assembling capsid for a subsequent triggered disassembly. We redesigned the dimeric hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid protein (Cp) with two differentially addressable cysteines, C150 for reversibly crosslinking the capsid and C124 to react with a destabilizing moiety. The resulting construct, Cp150-V124C, assembles into icosahedral, 120-dimer VLPs that spontaneously crosslink via the C-terminal C150, leaving C124 buried at a dimer-dimer interface. The VLP is driven into a metastable state when C124 is reacted with the bulky fluorophore, maleimidyl BoDIPY-FL. The resulting VLP is stable until exposed to modest, physiologically relevant concentrations of reducing agent. We observe dissociation with FRET relaxation of polarization, size exclusion chromatography, and resistive-pulse sensing. Dissociation is slow, minutes to hours, with a characteristic lag phase. Mathematical modeling based on the presence of a nucleation step predicts disassembly dynamics that are consistent with experimental observations. VLPs transfected into hepatoma cells show similar dissociation behavior. These results suggest a generalizable strategy for designing a VLP that can release its contents in an environmentally responsive reaction.
Deep Lambertian Networks (2012)

Visual perception is a challenging problem in part due to illumination variations. A possible solution is to first estimate an illumination invariant representation before using it for recognition. The object albedo and surface normals are examples of such representations. In this paper, we introduce a multilayer generative model where the latent variables include the albedo, surface normals, and the light source. Combining Deep Belief Nets with the Lambertian reflectance assumption, our model can learn good priors over the albedo from 2D images. Illumination variations can be explained by changing only the lighting latent variable in our model. By transferring learned knowledge from similar objects, albedo and surface normals estimation from a single image is possible in our model. Experiments demonstrate that our model is able to generalize as well as improve over standard baselines in one-shot face recognition.
Research for Modification of Emergency Status in Deceased Donor Liver Allocation - Survival Analysis of Waiting Patients for Liver Transplantation (2014)

Myoung Soo Kim, M.D., Kwang Woong Lee, M.D., Shin Hwang, M.D., Choon Hyuck David Kwon, M.D., Young Kyoung You, M.D., Yang Won Nah, M.D., Hee Chul Yu, M.D., Dong Sik Kim, M.D., Hee Jung Wang, M.D., Dong Lak Choi, M.D., In Seok Choi, M.D. and Soon Il Kim, M.D.. J Korean Soc Transplant 2014;28:59-68. https://doi.org/10.4285/jkstn.2014.28.2.59
Peculiar Nonlinear Elasticity of Polyrotaxane Gels with Movable Cross-Links Revealed by Multiaxial Stretching (2011)

A peculiar rubber elasticity feature of polyrotaxane (PR) gels with cross-links capable of moving along network strands is revealed by general biaxial strain testing that varies the strains in the two orthogonal directions. The influence of the strain in one direction on the stress in the other direction in the PR gels with sufficiently low cross-link concentrations is much smaller than that in conventional elastomers and gels with fixed cross-links. The stress–strain behavior of the PR gels under various types of deformation is exceptionally close to the prediction of the neo-Hookean model with no explicit strain-coupling between the different principal directions other than that resulting from volume conservation. The minimal strain-coupling between different two directions is a pronounced feature for PR gels with movable cross-links to vary the network topology in response to imposed deformation.
Figures S1, S4, S5 from Extracellular-Regulated Protein Kinase 5-Mediated Control of p21 Expression Promotes Macrophage Proliferation Associated with Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;These supplementary data provide evidence that human tumors comprise a high proportion of proliferating TAMs expressing ERK5 in the nucleus, scattered around the tumor tissue.&lt;/p&gt;
High‐power GaN‐HEMT with high three‐terminal breakdown voltage for W‐band applications (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we reported on a technology to improve the three‐terminal breakdown voltage of a GaN high electron mobility transistor (GaN‐HEMT) for a millimetre‐wave amplifier. To fabricate high‐power and high‐efficiency GaN‐HEMT millimetre‐wave amplifier, it is necessary to improve the three‐terminal breakdown voltage and the pinched‐off current. In this work, the thickness of the GaN channel layer and the quality of the channel layer has been improved by adding small quantities of Al to the GaN buffer. We demonstrated a high maximum frequency of oscillation ( f max ) of over 200 GHz with a pinched‐off current of 10 –6 A/mm at V ds of 50 V for a device with a gate length of 100 nm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anti-lock Driving Wheel Control for Electric Trains (2015)

Electric trains require high deceleration capability and stable traveling performance. This paper focuses on electric train deceleration under wet railway track conditions. Electric trains typically have electric brakes and air brakes. Under low-adhesion-coefficient conditions, each axle experiences skidding. The driving wheel may then become locked because of the air brake. This causes damage to the wheel tread that can result in what is called a “wheel flat”. Many studies have focused on overcoming this problem. This paper proposes an anti-lock control system for electric train driving wheels using driving wheel speed and acceleration. This anti-lock driving wheel control system is evaluated in this study using numerical simulation.