gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of hydrogen consumption during catalytic hydrodesulphurization of a residue in a trickle-bed reactor. (1988)

A kinetic model for hydrogen consumption during catalytic residue hydrodesulphurization, is presented. The intrinsic reaction rates are described by use of a second-order kinetic equation. The intraparticle diffusional effects are discussed by means of the effective diffusivity. Kinetic experiments were carried out in an isothermal trickle-bed reactor, in which two commercial Co-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were used in a temperature range of 350-430°C, a liquid hourly space velocity ranging from 0.25 to 3h-1, and a constant pressure of 50 × 105 Pa. The remaining catalyst activity varied between 1.0 and 0.2. Crushed particles and cylindrical extrudates-for each type of catalyst-were used in experimentation. The atmospheric residue of Greek petroleum deposits in the Aegean Sea served as feedstock. Specific rate constants, activation energies and effective diffusivities were determined. Hydrogen consumption increased as either the remaining activity of the catalyst, the reactor temperature or the catalyst size decreased.
POLYPHENOL OXIDASE INHIBITOR(S) FROM GERMAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA GERMANICA) EXTRACT (2011)

ABSTRACT Enzymatic browning causes millions of dollars in losses yearly to the food industry by discoloration of fruits and vegetables. Food and Drug Administration's banning of sulfites in 1986 has created a large field of research in search of natural, effective and economic inhibitors of enzymatic browning. The objective of this research was to demonstrate inhibition of plant(s) polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.1) using inhibitor(s) from the extract of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Crude cockroach extract inhibited apple PPO activity 60–70% and potato PPO 15–25%. Inhibition occurred rapidly in the reaction mixture and was dependent on the pH of the system. The inhibitor(s) appear(s) to be large based on ultrafiltration studies and loss of inhibition with proteases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS An extract from German cockroach appears effective in inhibiting browning on apples and potatoes. Successful identification of inhibitor(s) of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from German cockroach would be useful to the fruit and vegetable segments of the food industry, due to the losses they incur from enzymatic browning. Identifying and understanding the mechanism of inhibition on fruit and vegetable PPOs could lead to inexpensive alternatives to prevent browning. Eventually a commercial spray or dip using a purified form of the inhibitor may be developed as an inexpensive treatment to preserve fruits and vegetables.
Molecular model for neuroendocrine prostate cancer progression (2018)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common form of cancer in men in the developed world and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While advanced PCa is initially controlled with hormonal therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, recurrence occurs because of the emergence of lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Despite newer AR pathway inhibitors that prolong survival, resistance still emerges, most often with rising PSA levels indicative of AR-driven activity, but increasingly as non-AR-driven cancer. Treatment resistance mechanisms include AR-signalling pathway alterations, AR-signalling bypass mechanisms, and AR-independent clonal evolution. The latter mechanism can lead to the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive lethal subtype of PCa. The incidence of treatment-induced NEPC is rising because of the widespread use of more potent AR pathway inhibitors. This comprehensive review of major NEPC drivers and facilitators defines three coordinated processes contributing to NEPC progression. Specifically, castration-resistant adenocarcinoma cells gain lineage plasticity under selective pressures of potent AR suppression to transform into AR-independent tumour cells. In concert, neuroendocrine (NE)-specific transdifferentiation factors induce NE lineage of these PCa cells, which, with support of increased proliferation factors, contributes to clonal expansion and tumour repopulation into NEPC. We examine the roles of each of the major NEPC contributors during the disease progression and identify potential therapeutic opportunities for targeted therapies.
112-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed 16-QAM on a 25-GHz WDM grid (2008)

We demonstrate intradyne detection of 112-Gb/s 16-QAM (14-Gbaud, polarization-multiplexed) in a 10-channel WDM environment on a 25-GHz grid. We show the robustness of a central channel to multiple add/drop filtering and transmission over 315 km.
Correction: Nanoscale structure and superhydrophobicity of sp2-bonded boron nitride aerogels (2015)

Correction for ‘Nanoscale structure and superhydrophobicity of sp2-bonded boron nitride aerogels’ by Thang Pham et al., Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 10449–10458.
Auditory Measures for the Next Billion Users (2020)

A range of new technologies have the potential to help people, whether traditionally considered hearing impaired or not. These technologies include more sophisticated personal sound amplification products, as well as real-time speech enhancement and speech recognition. They can improve user’s communication abilities, but these new approaches require new ways to describe their success and allow engineers to optimize their properties. Speech recognition systems are often optimized using the word-error rate, but when the results are presented in real time, user interface issues become a lot more important than conventional measures of auditory performance. For example, there is a tradeoff between minimizing recognition time (latency) by quickly displaying results versus disturbing the user’s cognitive flow by rewriting the results on the screen when the recognizer later needs to change its decisions. This article describes current, new, and future directions for helping billions of people with their hearing. These new technologies bring auditory assistance to new users, especially to those in areas of the world without access to professional medical expertise. In the short term, audio enhancement technologies in inexpensive mobile forms, devices that are quickly becoming necessary to navigate all aspects of our lives, can bring better audio signals to many people. Alternatively, current speech recognition technology may obviate the need for audio amplification or enhancement at all and could be useful for listeners with normal hearing or with hearing loss. With new and dramatically better technology based on deep neural networks, speech enhancement improves the signal to noise ratio, and audio classifiers can recognize sounds in the user’s environment. Both use deep neural networks to improve a user’s experiences. Longer term, auditory attention decoding is expected to allow our devices to understand where a user is directing their attention and thus allow our devices to respond better to their needs. In all these cases, the technologies turn the hearing assistance problem on its head, and thus require new ways to measure their performance.
Right-angle light scattering to assay basal and regulated plasma membrane Cl- conductances (1992)

We describe a simple and rapid technique for assaying both constitutive and regulated plasma membrane Cl- conductances. The method uses right-angle light scattering to measure the rate of swelling of cells in suspension, in which the anion conductance is rate limiting for swelling, due to introduction of high plasma membrane cation conductance using gramicidin. The technique was verified using Chinese hamster ovary cells and mouse L cells, both stably transfected with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), to confer a specific cAMP-activated Cl- conductance not normally present in these cell types. In agreement with results obtained using other methods for assaying Cl- permeability in these cells, forskolin stimulated a significant increase in plasma membrane Cl- conductance in CFTR-expressing cells, as indicated by an increase in light scattering. That the enhanced light scattering by the cells was the result of cell swelling due to NaCl influx was shown by ion substitution experiments, in which no forskolin-induced increase in light scatter occurred in N-methyl-D-glucamine Cl- or Na+ gluconate medium. Enhanced light scattering was also observed in both CFTR-expressing and control cells stimulated with the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin. Extracellular anion substitution, to exploit the inwardly directed halide gradient utilized in this protocol, enabled determination of the anion selectivities of both the cAMP- and Ca(2+)-activated Cl- channels. Thus this technique provides a simple optical method for rapidly assaying not only constitutive and regulated Cl- conductance pathways but also their anion selectivities.
Abstract 3251: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-selective delivery of CD40 agonistic DARPin®molecule for tumor-localized immune activation (2019)

Abstract CD40 is a co-stimulatory molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily which can activate both innate and adaptive immune system, making it an interesting target for tumor immunotherapy. Systemic administration of agonistic CD40 antibodies (Ab) has shown signs of activity in cancer patients, but dose-limiting toxicity impaired the clinical efficacy. New approaches are therefore needed to increase the therapeutic index of CD40-targeting molecules and achieve better clinical outcomes. Here, we report an alternative approach designed to activate CD40 specifically in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and not systemically, in order to increase efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. This novel approach is based on a bispecific DARPin® molecule, targeting CD40 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) alpha, intended to induce immune activation only when clustered by binding to FAP-expressing cells in the TME. The bispecific FAP x CD40 DARPin®molecule was tested in a reporter assay and in additional cell assays using primary human 1) B cells, 2) macrophages and 3) dendritic cells. These studies demonstrated CD40 activation only in the presence of FAP-positive, but not with FAP-negative cells, confirming a mechanism of action strictly dependent on FAP-mediated cross-linking. A surrogate mouse-specific FAP x CD40 DARPin® molecule (mFAP x CD40) was generated and tested in similar in vitro assays and showed FAP-dependent activation of CD40 and comparable results as the human construct. In vivo experiments, performed in tumor-free mice, showed a comparable half-life between mFAP x CD40 and an anti-mouse CD40 Ab (clone FGK45). However, mFAP x CD40, in contrast to the FGK45 Ab, did not increase the serum level of IL-6, supporting a mode of action that is dependent on FAP-mediated crosslinking of CD40 receptor. In additional studies mFAP x CD40 was active and inhibited the growth of FAP+ tumors. There were no signs of toxicity with mFAP x CD40 in contrast to the FGK45 Ab which resulted in body weight loss. In conclusion, we have generated bispecific agonist FAP x CD40 DARPin® molecules able to activate the CD40 pathway with a targeting (FAP)-dependent mechanism of action. Citation Format: Nicolo Rigamonti, Anja Schlegel, Sophie Barsin, Jonas Schwestermann, Susanne Mangold, Yvonne Kaufmann, Christof Zitt, Niina Veitonmäki, Victor Levitsky, Clara Metz. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-selective delivery of CD40 agonistic DARPin®molecule for tumor-localized immune activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3251.
The Indexing Potential of Histone Lysine Methylation (2004)

Diverse post-translational modifications of histone N-termini represent an important epigenetic mechanism for the organization of chromatin structure and the regulation of gene activity. Within the last three years, great progress has been made in understanding the functional implications of histone methylation, in particular through the characterization of histone methyltransferases (HMTases) that direct the site-specific methylation of lysine positions in the histone H3 N-terminus. Histone lysine methylation has been linked with pericentric heterochromatin formation, X-inactivation, Polycomb group (Pc-G)-dependent gene repression and epigenetic control of transcription units at euchromatic positions. Together, these regulatory roles have strongly established histone lysine methylation as a central epigenetic modification for the organization of eukaryotic chromatin. However, they also create a paradox: if histone lysine methylation is present at so many chromatin regions, how can it impart epigenetic information? We provide evidence that differences in distinct methylation states (mono- vs. di- vs. trimethylation) and selective combinations of individually methylated lysine positions can indeed index chromatin regions, resulting in epigenetic landmarks for the partitioning of eukaryotic chromatin.
Working Area and Angle of Attack in Three Cranial Base Approaches: Pterional, Orbitozygomatic, and Maxillary Extension of the Orbitozygomatic Approach (2002)

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to quantify the operative exposure obtained in the pterional, orbitozygomatic, and modified orbitozygomatic with maxillary extension surgical approaches. METHODS The pterional and orbitozygomatic approaches and a variation of the orbitozygomatic osteotomy that included an extra centimeter of bone resection in the inferior direction (“maxillary extension”) were performed on cadaveric heads. For each surgical exposure, the working area was determined by using triangles defined with anatomic points. The “angle of attack” of the approaches for the same target point was determined with the use of a robotic microscope. RESULTS The maximum allowable angle of attack was significantly greater with the orbitozygomatic approach (37.2 ± 4.7 degrees) than that with the pterional approach (27.1 ± 4.3 degrees) (P < 0.001). The angle of attack with the maxillary extension (42.0 ± 4.9 degrees) was significantly greater than that with the orbitozygomatic approach (P < 0.001). The working areas were 281, 343, and 371 mm2 for the pterional, orbitozygomatic, and maxillary extension approaches, respectively. The orbitozygomatic approach with maxillary extension had a significantly larger working area than the pterional approach (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION Increments in bony removal open a wider angle in which to work more than they increase the actual amount of working area. Increasing the amount of bone removed by using an orbitozygomatic approach instead of a pterional approach converts a narrow space into a wide portal, allowing surgeons to work closer to the surgical target while decreasing the need for brain retraction. Extending the orbitozygomatic approach into the maxillary region also improves the exposure area and angle, but less significantly.
An antibody from single human V H -rearranging mouse neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5 by inhibiting membrane fusion (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have generated a worldwide health crisis due to resistance to most approved SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and evasion of vaccination-induced antibodies. To manage Omicron subvariants and prepare for new ones, additional means of isolating broad and potent humanized SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are desirable. Here, we describe a mouse model in which the primary B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire is generated solely through V(D)J recombination of a human V<sub>H</sub>1-2 heavy chain (HC) and, substantially, a human Vκ1-33 light chain (LC). Thus, primary humanized BCR repertoire diversity in these mice derives from immensely diverse HC and LC antigen-contact CDR3 sequences generated by nontemplated junctional modifications during V(D)J recombination. Immunizing this mouse model with SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) spike protein immunogens elicited several V<sub>H</sub>1-2/Vκ1-33-based neutralizing antibodies that bound RBD in a different mode from each other and from those of many prior patient-derived V<sub>H</sub>1-2-based neutralizing antibodies. Of these, SP1-77 potently and broadly neutralized all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5. Cryo-EM studies revealed that SP1-77 bound RBD away from the receptor-binding motif via a CDR3-dominated recognition mode. Lattice light-sheet microscopy-based studies showed that SP1-77 did not block ACE2-mediated viral attachment or endocytosis but rather blocked viral-host membrane fusion. The broad and potent SP1-77 neutralization activity and nontraditional mechanism of action suggest that it might have therapeutic potential. Likewise, the SP1-77 binding epitope may inform vaccine strategies. Last, the type of humanized mouse models that we have described may contribute to identifying therapeutic antibodies against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and other pathogens.
Telomere Length and Telomerase Complex Mutations in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2012)

Abstract Abstract 1482 Inherited loss-of-function mutations in the telomerase complex gene TERT have recently been implicated as risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults. The telomerase complex is expressed in highly proliferative cells, and is responsible for maintaining telomeres, which cap the ends of chromosomes and protect genomic DNA from eroding during cell division. Impaired telomerase function can result in extremely short telomeres, which limits the proliferative capacity of progenitor cells, and can also lead to chromosomal instability, thus predisposing to malignant transformation. In pediatric AML, the frequency of such mutations, and the association of telomere length with cytogenetic, molecular, and clinical characteristics and outcome, are unknown. In a cohort of 168 pediatric AML patients, we determined the frequency of telomerase complex gene mutations and leukemic cell telomere length, and correlated this with prognostic cytogenetic characteristics (inv(16), t(8;21), MLL rearrangements, normal karyotype, other aberrations), molecular aberrations (CEBPA double mutations, NPM1 mutations, FLT3/ITD, WT1 mutations), clinical characteristics, and outcome. No mutations were present in TERC. Three heterozygous variants in TERT, E327D, T726M, and A1062T, were identified in eight of 168 pediatric AML patients (carrier frequency 0.048). In three of six patients carrying A1062T, remission material was available, in which germ-line origin of the variant was confirmed. The variants E327D and T726M were absent, but A1062T was present in a cohort of 406 geographically matched controls (carrier frequency 0.049). Telomerase activity, as determined by TRAP assay in reconstitution experiments, of the novel E327D variant was unaffected, as was the previously published activity of T726M; the earlier reported activity of A1062T was reduced to 60%. Telomere length of leukemic cells was not associated with age, sex, prognostic cytogenetic subgroup, complex karyotype, or expression levels of telomerase and shelterin complex genes. However, patients carrying the high-risk molecular aberration FLT3/ITD had significantly shorter telomeres than did patients with favorable NPM1 mutation or CEBPA double mutations. Telomere length was not associated with overall survival, event-free survival, or cumulative incidence of relapse. We conclude that, in pediatric AML, telomerase complex mutations do not confer a risk for leukemia development, and although short telomeres correlate with the high-risk molecular aberration FLT3/ITD, telomere length of leukemic cells obtained at diagnosis does not correlate with adverse outcome in this pediatric AML cohort. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Vasospastic Angina and Microvascular Angina are Differentially Influenced by PON1 A632G Polymorphism in the Japanese (2005)

There was a significant association between PON1 A632G polymorphism and MVA as well as VSA, but the impact of this on VSA and MVA is different in the Japanese.
CONJUGATE NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN AN OPEN-ENDED VERTICAL CONCENTRIC ANNULUS (1999)

This paper is concerned with the steady conjugate heat transfer problem in vertical open-ended concentric annuli under the laminar natural convection flow regime. A finite difference technique has been used to solve the governing equations, with the outer surface of the outer tube wall being isothermally heated while the inner surface of the inner tube is kept adiabatic. Numerical results are presented for a Newtonian fluid of Pr = 0.7 in a fluid annulus of radius ratio 0.5. We present the effect of solid-fluid conductivity ratio on the induced flow behavior and some engineering parameters, such as the heat absorbed and the mixing-cup temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: BOROHYDRIDE INDUCED CLEAVAGE OF AZO DERIVATIVES OF β‐KETOESTERS. A USEFUL VARIANT OF THE JAPP‐KLINGEMANN REACTION FOR C‐NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESIS (1978)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion mit Phenyldiazoniumsalzen erhält man aus (I) die Azo‐Verbindung (II), die in einer Variante der Japp‐Klingemann‐Reaktion zu (III) umlagert.
A comprehensive antigen production and characterisation study for easy-to-implement, specific and quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serotests (2021)

WWTF, Project No. COV20-016; BOKU, LBI/LBG.
High Optical Efficiency of ZnO Nanoparticles (2007)

We develop optically efficient photocatalytic ZnO nanoparticles that we chemically embed and well disperse into host PVAc thin films and experimentally demonstrate the highest optical efficiency of ~70% in ZnO nanoparticle films, with increasing optical spectral efficiency as the excitation wavelength is swept from 370 nm to 290 nm.
Cobalt-Based Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts Biotemplated on DOPA-Displaying Viruses (2018)

The Oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which involves a more complex mechanism compared to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), determines the whole cell efficiency for (photo)electrochemical water splitting. Lately, non-precious metal based oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs), such as transition metal oxides got attentions for OER under relatively benign conditions at low overpotentials. In this work, we report a filamentous bacteriophage fd displaying 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylanlanine (DOPA) onto the major coat protein and promoted the spontaneous deposition of cobalt oxide based oxygen evolution catalyst (Co-OEC) onto the phages. The virus successfully worked as a biotemplate to enable deposition of thin Co layer along wire-like bodies, and the catechol group of DOPA moiety stabilized Co 2+ to accelerate Co-OEC deposition on virus and slightly enhanced OER activity. The Co-based catalysts adhered to DOPA-phages through electroless deposition (Co/DOPA-phages) showed cathodic shift of Co 3+/2+ oxidation peak and this phenomenon could be explained from partial-charge transfer from cobalt to DOPA group, which is supported from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that shows more distinct satellite peaks of Co 2+ at ~786 eV compared to electrodeposited Co-OEC. It is widely accepted that partial charge transfer caused by dopant cations raise activity enhancement and change the OER mechanism. The pronounced OER activity under 10 mA cm -2 and long-term stability of Co/DOPA-phages suggest potential for further optimization via systematically ordered and denser array of catechol group for improved performance.