gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Lead to Hypertension with Renal Impairment (1983)

Hypertension of unknown cause is generally termed "essential." Because hypertension has long been considered a possible complication of lead poisoning and the EDTA lead-mobilization test has proved to be a sensitive indicator of excessive body stores of lead, we used this test to evaluate cumulative past lead absorption in 48 men diagnosed as having essential hypertension. Patients who had hypertension with reduced renal function (i.e., serum creatinine level greater than 1.5 mg per deciliter [133 mumols per liter]) had significantly larger amounts of mobilizable lead than did patients who had hypertension without renal impairment. The increase in mobilizable lead was not due to the renal disease itself, since 22 control patients without a history of essential hypertension but with comparable renal impairment from known causes excreted significantly less lead chelate during the three-day test. These data suggest that lead may have an etiologic role in the renal disease of some patients usually designated as having "essential" hypertension.
Microvascular endothelial dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2016)

A new paradigm has emerged in our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) versus HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Comorbidity-driven cardiac endothelial dysfunction plays a primary role in HFpEF, leading to cardiomyocyte dysfunction, left ventricular (LV) concentric remodelling and predominantly diastolic dysfunction1 (figure 1). Conversely in HFrEF, direct cardiomyocyte injury is the key trigger for systemic neuroendocrine activation, LV eccentric remodelling and predominantly systolic dysfunction.1 Whereas neuroendocrine activation exists as a common defining domain of the HF syndrome in both HFrEF and HFpEF, in HFrEF it plays a dominant role in adverse remodelling and outcomes; thus antagonists of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and adrenergic systems have been effective in improving survival in HFrEF. Similarly, whereas cardiovascular endothelial dysfunction exists in both HFpEF and HFrEF, by the new paradigm, it is postulated to play a dominant role in the pathophysiology and outcomes of HFpEF. This distinction is critical since targeting endothelial dysfunction may be a winning strategy in HFpEF—a condition now recognised as one of the largest unmet needs in cardiovascular medicine, responsible for half the HF epidemic and without proven therapies to improve survival.2



Figure 1 
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) paradigm. In HFpEF, comorbidities (such as hypertension, overweight, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anaemia and iron deficiency) lead to microvascular inflammation and endothelial activation. This adversely affects the adjacent cardiomyocyte through decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reduced cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) availability, and altered phosphorylation of titin; microvascular ischaemia, concentric left ventricular (LV) remodelling and fibrosis from endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes further to LV diastolic dysfunction. In contrast, in …
MP50-18 STUDY OF PSMA-TARGETED 18 F-DCFPYL PET/CT IN THE EVALUATION OF MEN WITH AN ELEVATED PSA FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2016)

No grade 4 or 5 heme TEAEs were reported. Only 1 (2%) pt had radiographic bone progression; 8 (18%) pts had soft tissue tumor progression, 4 of which were in lymph nodes only. Median time to ALP progression was not reached. Median time to PSA progression was 2 mo. Median rPFS 9.9 mo. ALP and PSA dynamics and changes in heme lab values over time will be presented.
Cleavage of dinitrogen to yield a (t-BuPOCOP)molybdenum(iv) nitride (2011)

(t-BuPOCOP)MoI(2) (1; t-BuPOCOP = C(6)H(3)-1,3-[OP(t-Bu)(2)](2)) has been synthesized from MoI(3)(THF)(3). Upon reduction of 1 with Na/Hg under dinitrogen molecular nitrogen is cleaved to form [(t-BuPOCOP)Mo(I)(N)](-). The origin of the N atom was confirmed using (15)N(2). Protonation of [(t-BuPOCOP)Mo(I)(N)](-) results in the formation of a neutral species in which it is proposed that the proton has added across the Mo-P bond.
Photochemical Acceleration of Ammonia Production by Pt1-Ptn-TiN Reduction and N2 Activation (2023)

Stable metal nitrides (MN) are promising materials to fit the future "green" ammonia-hydrogen nexus. Either through catalysis or chemical looping, the reductive hydrogenation of MN to MN<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> is a necessary step to generate ammonia. However, encumbered by the formation of kinetically stable M-NH<sub>1─3</sub> surface species, this reduction step remains challenging under mild conditions. Herein, we discovered that deleterious Ti-NH<sub>1─3</sub> accumulation on TiN can be circumvented photochemically with supported single atoms and clusters of platinum (Pt<sub>1</sub>-Pt<i><sub>n</sub></i>) under N<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub> conditions. The photochemistry of TiN selectively promoted Ti-NH formation, while Pt<sub>1</sub>-Pt<i><sub>n</sub></i> effectively transformed any formed Ti-NH into free ammonia. The generated ammonia was found to originate mainly from TiN reduction with a minor contribution from N<sub>2</sub> activation. The knowledge accrued from this fundamental study could serve as a springboard for the development of MN materials for more efficient ammonia production to potentially disrupt the century-old fossil-powered Haber-Bosch process.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Production and Myeloid Cells Are an Effector Mechanism through Which CD1d-restricted T Cells Block Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–mediated Tumor Immunosurveillance (2003)

Our previous work demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor immunosurveillance of the 15-12RM tumor could be suppressed by a CD1d-restricted lymphocyte, most likely a natural killer (NK) T cell, which produces interleukin (IL)-13. Here we present evidence for the effector elements in this suppressive pathway. T cell-reconstituted recombination activating gene (RAG)2 knockout (KO) and RAG2/IL-4 receptor alpha double KO mice showed that inhibition of immunosurveillance requires IL-13 responsiveness by a non-T non-B cell. Such nonlymphoid splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice produced more transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, a potent inhibitor of CTL, ex vivo than such cells from naive mice, and this TGF-beta production was dependent on the presence in vivo of both IL-13 and CD1d-restricted T cells. Ex vivo TGF-beta production was also abrogated by depleting either CD11b+ or Gr-1+ cells from the nonlymphoid cells of tumor-bearing mice. Further, blocking TGF-beta or depleting Gr-1+ cells in vivo prevented the tumor recurrence, implying that TGF-beta made by a CD11b+ Gr-1+ myeloid cell, in an IL-13 and CD1d-restricted T cell-dependent mechanism, is necessary for down-regulation of tumor immunosurveillance. Identification of this stepwise regulation of immunosurveillance, involving CD1-restricted T cells, IL-13, myeloid cells, and TGF-beta, explains previous observations on myeloid suppressor cells or TGF-beta and provides insights for targeted approaches for cancer immunotherapy, including synergistic blockade of TGF-beta and IL-13.
Neighbor List Collision-Driven Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Nonspherical Particles. I. Algorithmic Details II. Applications to Ellipses and Ellipsoids (2004)

In the first part of a series of two papers, we present in considerable detail a collision-driven molecular dynamics algorithm for a system of nonspherical particles, within a parallelepiped simulation domain, under both periodic or hard-wall boundary conditions. The algorithm extends previous event-driven molecular dynamics algorithms for spheres. We present a novel partial-update near-neighbor list (NNL) algorithm that is superior to previous algorithms at high densities, without compromising the correctness of the algorithm. This efficiency of the algorithm is further increased for systems of very aspherical particles by using bounding sphere complexes (BSC). In the second part of this series of papers we apply the algorithm presented in the first part of this series of papers to systems of hard ellipses and ellipsoids. The theoretical machinery needed to treat such particles, including the overlap potentials, is developed in full detail. We describe an algorithm for predicting the time of collision for two moving ellipses or ellipsoids. We present performance results for our implementation of the algorithm. The practical utility of the algorithm is demonstrated by presenting several interesting physical applications, including the generation of jammed packings inside spherical containers, the study of contact force chains in jammed packings, and melting the densest-known equilibrium crystals of prolate spheroids.
Elevated Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Proenkephalin Serum Levels Predict the Development of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery (2017)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) develops in up to 40% of patients after cardiac surgery. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been identified as a biomarker for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Proenkephalin (proENK) also has been shown to be a biomarker for renal dysfunction. We hypothesized that pre-surgery suPAR and proENK levels might predict AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Consecutive patients (<i>n</i> = 107) undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied prospectively. Clinical data, laboratory parameters, suPAR and proENK serum levels were assessed before operation, after operation and days one and four post-operatively. A total of 21 (19.6%) patients developed AKI within the first four days after elective surgery. Serum levels of suPAR and proENK, but not of creatinine, were significantly higher before surgery in these patients compared to those patients without AKI. This difference remained significant for suPAR, if patients with or without AKI were matched for risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, CKD). If cardiac surgery patients with pre-existing CKD (<i>n</i> = 10) were excluded, only pre-operative suPAR but not proENK serum levels remained significantly elevated in patients with subsequent AKI. Thus, our findings indicate that suPAR may be a predictive biomarker for AKI in the context of cardiac surgery, even in patients without underlying CKD.
Solubilization in spherical block copolymer micelles: Scaling analysis based on star model (1993)

We develop a theory of solubilization of low molecular weight species in block copolymer micelles, employing the scaling approach and building on the analogy between micelles and star polymers. Specifically, we consider spherical micelles of AB-diblock copolymers formed in selective solvents, in which the core and the shell regions are assumed to have radial concentration variations similar to those occurring in the solution state of a star polymer. Invoking the results for the conformation of a star polymer derived by Daoud and Cotton, expressions are developed for the free energy per molecule of the micelle ΔG, the core radius R, the shell thickness D, and the overall volume fraction of the polymer within the core φA as functions of the micellar aggregation number g. From the minimization of the free energy of an isolated micelle, the equilibrium values for all the micellar structural parameters and for the extent of solubilization are obtained. The results expressed as scaling relations for g, R, D, and φA are derived for various situations of interest including those of the solvent S being a good or theta solvent for the shell block B, and the solubilizate J being a good or theta solvent for the core block A.
Approximation of the resource bounded complexity distortion function (2002)

This work addresses the coding of finite binary sequences with a finite amount of decoding computational resources. In this setting, we propose a general coding methodology and discuss its convergence properties.
SPEECH CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR HANDLING OF ROUTE GUIDANCE, RADIO AND TELEPHONE IN CARS: RESULTS OF A FIELD EXPERIMENT (1999)

Manual control of driver information and support systems carries risks in terms of traffic safety. The manual control of all these systems leads to problems: firstly, manual control cannot be performed 'blind', i.e. without visual distraction from the traffic and secondly, appropriate manual control panels are not available or cannot be installed in a car. An alphanumeric keyboard is difficult to implement in the dashboard and the use of such a device chile driving is obviously risky. Speech recognition systems have progressed to a stage where useful applications exist. This paper investigates the benefit of speech recognition systems in cars. Three different control strategies were compared: manual, speech, and a human assistant. Three systems were examined: route guidance, car telephone and car radio with CD player. The mean number of visual glances per task varied with the experimental conditions. Manual control required the most glances. Only in the condition of speech control were no check glances observed, and it was found that older drivers in particular would gain a great deal from speech control. Keywords: Driver distraction;
Simulations of Information Transport in Spin Chains (2007)

Transport of quantum information in linear spin chains has been the subject of much theoretical work. Experimental studies by NMR in solid state spin systems (a natural implementation of such models) is complicated since the dipolar Hamiltonian is not solely comprised of nearest-neighbor XY-Heisenberg couplings. We present here a similarity transformation between the XY Hamiltonian and the double-quantum Hamiltonian, an interaction which is achievable with the collective control provided by radio-frequency pulses. Not only can this second Hamiltonian simulate the information transport in a spin chain, but it also creates coherent states, whose intensities give an experimental signature of the transport. This scheme makes it possible to study experimentally the transport of polarization beyond exactly solvable models and explore the appearance of quantum coherence and interference effects.
Softening of high purity aluminum and copper processed by high pressure torsion (2009)

Abstract High purity Al (99.99 wt.%) and high purity Cu (99.99 wt.%) were processed using high pressure torsion. The mechanism for unusual softening in Al after the resultant intense plastic straining was investigated. The pure Cu was used to simulate a thermal effect on the hardness behavior and microstructural evolution after processing. This simulation consists of processing and subsequently keeping the pure Cu at the temperature equivalent to room temperature for pure Al. It is shown that the softening of the processed Cu occurs by static recrystallization. It is then suggested that the softening in Al should be due to recovery and/or recrystallization. Whereas the softening in Cu occurs rather slowly, it is very quick in Al and it may even be dynamic during processing by high pressure torsion.
Figure S1 from Fas Ligand Deficiency Impairs Tumor Immunity by Promoting an Accumulation of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Myeloid cell distribution in naïve and LLC-bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient computation of discrete polynomial transforms (2003)

This letter presents a new recursive method for computing discrete polynomial transforms. The method is shown for forward and inverse transforms of the Hermite, binomial, and Laguerre transforms. The recursive flow diagrams require only 2N additions, 2(N+1) memory units, and N+1 multipliers for the N+1-point Hermite and binomial transforms. The recursive flow diagram for the N+1-point Laguerre transform requires 2N additions, 2(N+1) memory units, and 2(N+1) multipliers. The transform computation time for all of these transforms is O(N).
Mechanistic Insights into Two-Phase Radical C–H Arylations (2015)

Kinetic, spectroscopic, and computational studies of radical C-H arylations highlight the interplay between chemical and physical rate processes in these multiphase reactions. Anomalous concentration dependences observed here may be reconciled by considering the role of phase transfer processes that mediate concentrations in each phase. In addition, understanding interactions through phase boundaries enables their use in optimization of reaction performance.
Terminal complement complex (TCC) and S-protein (vitronectin) on follicular dendritic cells in human lymphoid tissues. (1988)

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) present in germinal centres trap considerable amounts of C3-containing immune complexes (IC). Activation of the terminal pathway of complement (C) on biological membranes normally generates C5b-9(m), which is the membranolytic form of the terminal complement complex (TCC). By contrast, when C activation takes place in the extracellular fluid phase, S-protein binds to C5b-7 and the non-lytic soluble SC5b-9 is formed. In this study deposits of C3d, C5, C9 TCC neoepitope and S-protein were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on FDC in human tonsils, lymph nodes, spleens, appendices and colonic mucosae. TCC and S-protein were likewise observed on FDC in imprints from tonsils. The identical spatial distribution revealed by paired staining suggested that TCC had been generated in situ. The staining intensity for TCC and S-protein varied in parallel, which suggested that the S-protein may be incorporated in the membrane-bound TCC--perhaps rendering it non-lytic. However, the actual mechanism and function of the observed TCC and associated S-protein deposition needs further elucidation.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION (2016)

The findings suggest that implementation of the program of clinical and epidemiological monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with use of a vaccine against pneumococcal infections in the territory of the Amur Region has a high level of medical and socio-economic efficiency.
Functionalization of the SiO2 Surface with Aminosilanes to Enable Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 (2022)

Small-molecule inhibitors are promising for achieving area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) due to their excellent compatibility with industrial processes. In this work, we report on growth inhibition during ALD of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on a SiO<sub>2</sub> surface functionalized with small-molecule aminosilane inhibitors. The SiO<sub>2</sub> surface was prefunctionalized with bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (BDMADMS) and (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylamino)trimethylsilane (DMATMS) through solution and the vapor phase. ALD of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide (DMAI) and H<sub>2</sub>O was performed on these functionalized SiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces. Our <i>in situ</i> four-wavelength ellipsometry measurements show superior growth inhibition when using BDMADMS and DMATMS in sequence over just using BDMADMS or DMATMS. Vapor phase functionalization provided a growth delay of ∼30 ALD cycles, which was similar to solution-based functionalization. Using <i>in situ</i> attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we show that the interaction of DMAI with SiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces leads to pronounced changes in absorbance for the Si-O-Si phonon mode without any detectable DMAI absorbed on the SiO<sub>2</sub> surface. Detailed analysis of the infrared spectra revealed that the decrease in absorbance was likely caused by the coordination of Al in DMAI to O atoms in surface Si-O-Si bonds without the breaking the Si-O-Si bonds. Finally, we postulate that a minimal amount of DMAI remains adsorbed on surface Si-O-Si bonds even after purging, which can initiate ALD of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on functionalized SiO<sub>2</sub>: this highlights the need for higher surface coverage for enhanced steric blocking.
Endocrine Control of Body Composition in Infancy, Childhood, and Puberty (2004)

Body composition exhibits marked variations across the early human lifetime. The precise physiological mechanisms that drive such developmental adaptations are difficult to establish. This clinical challenge reflects an array of potentially confounding factors, such as marked intersubject differences in tissue compartments; the incremental nature of longitudinal intrasubject variations in body composition; technical limitations in quantitating the unobserved mass of mineral, fat, water, and muscle ad seriatim; and the multifold contributions of genetic, dietary, environmental, hormonal, nutritional, and behavioral signals to physical and sexual maturation. From an endocrine perspective (reviewed here), gonadal sex steroids and GH/IGF-I constitute prime determinants of evolving body composition. The present critical review examines hormonal regulation of body composition in infancy, childhood, and puberty.
A Modeling Analysis of Non-Melting Solid Fuel Particle Heating (2003)

The heating of fuel particles is generally the first step in the process of gasification or combustion of solid fuels such as coal and biomass. The particle heating that is achieved via combined convection and radiation effects requires a rigorous analysis of heat transfer within as well as outside of the particle, which makes the lumped capacity approximation unsuitable. A more adequate representation of the heating-up process requires the inclusion of the internal convection within the solid particle, the blowing effects on the particle surface, the spatial and temporal variations of the solid thermal conductivity as well as the heat of pyrolysis reactions. The internal convection tends to equalize the temperature distribution within the solid, while the blowing effect contributes to the boundary layer thickening and eventually to a reduction in the convection heat transfer to the particle. To include the above-mentioned effects, a kinetic model for the total weight loss of the solid material was coupled with the heating model. A simple first-order reaction model for the total weight loss was utilized in this study. For materials with high moisture contents, the heat of pyrolysis reactions is an important factor in the heating rate and non-uniform heating of the solid particle. Thermal equilibrium between the solid and evolved gases was assumed within the particle and the equations for the conservation of mass and energy were solved numerically. Results show that surface blowing which is due to the devolatilization of the particle tends to reduce the convection heat transfer from the hot gases to the particle. Internal convection contributes to thermal uniformity in the particle. Heat of pyrolysis reactions plays an important role in the heating profile of the particle. It delays the temperature rise of the particle until most of the volatile materials is released.