gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of multi-wavelength diffractive optics (2012)

We present an extension of the direct-binary-search algorithm for designing high-efficiency multi-wavelength diffractive optics that reconstruct in the Fresnel domain. A fast computation method for solving the optimization problem is proposed. Examples of three-wavelength diffractive optics with over 90% diffraction efficiency are presented. These diffractive optical elements reconstruct three distinct image patterns when probed using the design wavelengths. Detailed parametric and sensitivity studies are conducted, which provide insight into the diffractive optic's performance when subject to different design conditions as well as common systematic and fabrication errors.
Improved Orientation Strategy for Energy-Efficiency in Photovoltaic Panels (2011)

This paper presents an improved orientation strategy for energy-efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) panels. Conventionally, PV panels are tilted with the site's latitude angle or the difference between the latitude angle and the solar declination angle. A monthly-based orientation strategy has been proposed and analyzed in this study. The proposed strategy implies that the PV panels are tilted with the monthly-based angle that achieves the maximum incident radiation. Furthermore, the impact of using the proposed orientation strategy and three conventional strategies on the produced power and on the PV system design features has been investigated in detail. A Japanese city (Fukuoka) and an Egyptian city (Al-Kharijah) have been considered as locations for the PV power system installation. The results showed that the proposed strategy achieved an increase in the power produced from the PV power systems at the two different sites, and consequently the required solar cells area can be saved. Therefore, the cost of the PV power system components can be reduced including the solar cells area and the land area.
L‐Series for genera ats= 1 (1980)

It has been conjectured that, if p ≡ 1 (mod 4) is prime, and if d < 0 is a square-free discriminant with then Where belongs to the field is the fundamental unit of Q(√k), depending on whether there are an even number or an odd number of classes per genus in Q(√d), and Ω is the genus field of Q(√d). Here the summation being over a complete set of inequivalent forms in the genus G, and In this paper it will be shown that this conjecture is true when d is the product of two odd discriminants. An example when d is the product of three prime discriminants is discussed.
Primary Metabolites: Organic Acids and Amino Acids (2007)

Microorganisms can function as efficient factories for the industrial scale production of the primary metabolites. Among these, ethanol will be discussed in Chapter 13. Other important primary metabolites currently produced by fermentation are listed in Table 9.1. Some organic acids and amino acids are seen to be the most important products in this category (excluding ethanol, of course).
Dynamic Control of Data-Intensive Services Over Edge Computing Networks (2022)

Next-generation distributed computing networks (e.g., edge and fog computing) enable the efficient delivery of delay-sensitive, compute-intensive applications by facilitating access to computation resources in close proximity to end users. Many of these applications (e.g., augmented/virtual reality) are also data-intensive: in addition to user-specific (live) data streams, they require access to shared (static) digital objects (e.g., image database) to complete the required processing tasks. When required objects are not available at the servers hosting the associated service functions, they must be fetched from other edge locations, incurring additional communication cost and latency. In such settings, overall service delivery performance shall benefit from jointly optimized decisions around (i) routing paths and processing locations for live data streams, together with (ii) cache selection and distribution paths for associated digital objects. In this paper, we address the problem of dynamic control of data-intensive services over edge cloud networks. We characterize the network stability region and design the first throughput-optimal control policy that coordinates processing and routing decisions for both live and static data-streams. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance (e.g., throughput, delay, and resource consumption) obtained via the novel multi-pipeline flow control mechanism of the proposed policy, compared with state-of-the-art algorithms that lack integrated stream processing and data distribution control.
Superoxide dismutase activities in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera larvae: identification and biochemical properties of a manganese superoxide dismutase (2015)

Abstract: Insects possess a complex network of enzymatic antioxidant systems protecting against reactive oxygen species generated during stress. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are vital antioxidant enzymes converting superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous insect and has developed resistance to various phytochemicals and pesticides. Although SODs are studied in several insect species, their characterization has been reported in only a few insect species. Here, we attempted to identify and characterize SOD activity from H. armigera . Electrophoretic separation followed by nitroblue tetrazolium staining revealed the presence of five SOD activity isoforms in the midgut of H. armigera larvae. Total SOD activity was measured at the different larval developmental stages and found maximum at fourth instar and further declined at sixth instar. Total SOD activity was significantly increased by metal ions Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu and reduced by Ca and Pb. The isoform with highest activity was identified as manganese SOD (MnSOD) because it was found insensitive to H2O2. The identified MnSOD was partially purified and characterized. After gel filtration chromatography, specific activity of the purified enzyme was found to be 6,348.0 U/mg/min with 26.61% yield. The molecular mass of purified enzyme was calculated to be ~29.3 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for the SOD activity were found to be around 11 and 60°C, respectively. The study could be useful to further understand the functional significance of SODs in the antioxidant mechanism of H. armigera . Keywords: antioxidant mechanism, H. armigera , superoxide dismutases
ChemInform Abstract: Coreceptor Molecules. Synthesis of Metalloreceptors Containing Porphyrin Subunits and Formation of Mixed Substrate Supermolecules by Binding of Organic Substrates and of Metal Ions. (1986)

Abstract The condensation of the porphyrin diesters (I) with the biphenylene‐bridged bis‐macrocycle (II) (preparation described) led to the tetraamides (IIIa).
Demultiplexing of a 40-Gb/s optical signal to 2.5 Gb/s using a nonlinear fiber loop mirror driven by amplified, gain-switched laser diode pulses (1991)

All-optical switching using the optical Kerr effect in silica fiber is most promising for ultra-fast demultiplexers because of its potentially fast response with low control power. So far, polarimetric1 and nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror (NOLM)2,3 all-optical demultiplexers have been reported. However, the reported demultiplexers have required more than a few watts of peak power for the control pulses and have had switching times &gt;100ps. We have clarified the NOLM design to achieve a high-speed dumultiplexer with low-power control pulses and have demonstrated demultiplexing from 2.5 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s with a 19-ps switching time by using all-laser diodes (LD’s) for the first time.
Design and Preparation of Supported Au Catalyst with Enhanced Catalytic Activities by Rationally Positioning Au Nanoparticles on Anatase (2015)

A synergistic effect between individual components is crucial for increasing the activity of metal/metal oxide catalysts. The greatest challenge is how to control the synergistic effect to obtain enhanced catalytic performance. Through density functional theory calculations of model Au/TiO2 catalysts, it is suggested that there is strong interaction between Au nanoparticles and Ti species at the edge/corner sites of anatase, which is favorable for the formation of stable oxygen vacancies. Motivated by this theoretical analysis, we have rationally prepared Au nanoparticles attached to edge/corner sites of anatase support (Au/TiO2-EC), confirmed by their HR-TEM images. As expected, this strong interaction is well characterized by Raman, UV-visible, and XPS techniques. Very interestingly, compared with conventional Au catalysts, Au/TiO2-EC exhibits superior catalytic activity in the oxidations using O2. Our approach to controlling Au nanoparticle positioning on anatase to obtain enhanced catalytic activity offers an efficient strategy for developing more novel supported metal catalysts.
Effect of Different Adjuvants on the Longevity and Strength of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the HCV Envelope Glycoproteins (2019)

Infection by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma and remains a major cause of serious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, current treatment regimens remain inaccessible to most patients, particularly in developing countries, and, therefore, the development of a novel vaccine capable of protecting subjects from chronic infection by HCV could greatly reduce the rates of HCV infection, subsequent liver pathogenesis, and in some cases death. Herein, we evaluated two different semi-synthetic archaeosome formulations as an adjuvant to the E1/E2 HCV envelope protein in a murine model and compared antigen-specific humoral (levels of anti-E1/E2 IgG and HCV pseudoparticle neutralization) and cellular responses (numbers of antigen-specific cytokine-producing T cells) to those generated with adjuvant formulations composed of mimetics of commercial adjuvants including a squalene oil-in-water emulsion, aluminum hydroxide/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and liposome/MPLA/QS-21. In addition, we measured the longevity of these responses, tracking humoral, and cellular responses up to 6 months following vaccination. Overall, we show that the strength and longevity of anti-HCV responses can be influenced by adjuvant selection. In particular, a simple admixed sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol (SLA) archaeosome formulation generated strong levels of HCV neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4 T cells producing multiple cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. While liposome/MPLA/QS-21 as adjuvant generated superior cellular responses, the SLA E1/E2 admixed formulation was superior or equivalent to the other tested formulations in all immune parameters tested.
Gate leakage in Low Standby Power 16 nm gate length Double-gate MOSFETs (2009)

Leakage power, due to the tunneling gate current, increases aggressively with the scaling of the insulator thickness. Low Standby Power (LSTP) devices are typically designed for low power applications that put strict limits on the gate current. In this work a widely used model for the tunneling gate current in bulk MOSFET is modified to suit the Double-gate (DG) MOSFET. The modification is made to include quantum mechanical effects. Then, the model is used to study the gate leakage in a 16 nm gate length DG MOSFET LSTP transistor that is projected by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) to be fabricated in the year 2015. In this study, the gate current is calculated for different candidates of dielectric materials. Specifically, nine dielectric materials were used. The simulated gate current is found to be 5.36×103 A/cm2 when SiO 2 was used as a dielectric and 338.76 A/cm2 when Si 3 N 4 was used. These two values exceed the maximum allowed gate current density (J g,limit ) projected by ITRS for this device which is 0.188 A/cm2. The lowest obtained gate current density was 2.66×10−11 A/cm2 when La 2 O 3 was used.
COMPLIANCE TO ADJUVANT TREATMENT GUIDELINES IN ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS (2017)

Optimal adjuvant therapy for endometrial cancer is subject of debate.• In low and low-intermediate risk patients compliance to guidelines was 98%.• In high risk patients compliance to guidelines was 61%.• Results of ongoing clinical trials in high risk patients are eagerly awaited.
Estratégia De Tolerância A Falhas Para Um Conversor Delta-Chb Statcom Na Região De Sobremodulacão (2020)

O conversor CHB (do inglês,cascaded H-bridge) é uma topologia popular para aplicações STATCOM (do inglês, Static Synchronous Compensator). Visto que esse conversor é composto por dezenas/centenas de componentes, preocupações relacionadas à confiabilidade são inerentes ao seu projeto. Geralmente, células redundantes são utilizadas, aumentando o custo do STATCOM. De fato, existe um potencial de operação tolerante a falhas quando a região de sobremodulação é considerada. Este trabalho explora a redundância inerente do conversor delta-CHB na região de sobremodulação. Inicialmente, uma expressão analítica para a fronteira entre a região linear e de sobremodulação é determinada e validada para diferentes condições de operação. Em seguida, a tolerância a falhas é avaliada em ambiente de simulação, considerando um estudo de caso com conversor delta-CHB STATCOM de 17 MVA/13,8 kV composto de 24 células por braço. Falhas simétricas e assimétricas são abordadas. Os resultados indicam que o conversor é capaz de operar em condições nominais após 4 falhas distribuídas nos três braços do conversor (fator de redundância de 5,5 %) sem exceder os valores de distorção harmônica recomendados.
The oleic acid complexes of proteolytic fragments of α‐lactalbumin display apoptotic activity (2009)

The complexes formed by partially folded human and bovine alpha-lactalbumin with oleic acid (OA) have been reported to display selective apoptotic activity against tumor cells. These complexes were named human (HAMLET) or bovine (BAMLET) alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells. Here, we analyzed the OA complexes formed by fragments of bovine alpha-lactalbumin obtained by limited proteolysis of the protein. Specifically, the fragments investigated were 53-103 and the two-chain fragment species 1-40/53-123 and 1-40/104-123, these last being the N-terminal fragment 1-40 covalently linked via disulfide bridges to the C-terminal fragment 53-123 or 104-123. The OA complexes were obtained by mixing the fatty acid and the fragments in solution (10-fold and 15-fold molar excess of OA over protein fragment) or by chromatography of the fragments loaded onto an OA-conditioned anion exchange column and salt-induced elution of the OA complexes. Upon binding to OA, all fragments acquire an enhanced content of alpha-helical secondary structure. All OA complexes of the fragment species showed apoptotic activity for Jurkat tumor cells comparable to that displayed by the OA complex of the intact protein. We conclude that the entire sequence of the protein is not required to form an apoptotic OA complex, and we suggest that the apoptotic activity of a protein-OA complex does not imply specific binding of the protein.
Highly Regioselective Terminal Alkynes Hydroformylation and Pauson—Khand Reaction Catalyzed by Mesoporous Organized Zirconium Oxide Based Powders. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Predictor-corrector Methods for a Class of Linear Complementarity Problems (1994)

The Mizuno–Todd–Ye predictor-corrector method [Mathematics of Operations Research, to appear] for linear programming uses a Newton direction for the predictor step and a centering direction for the corrector step. This paper develops several additional $O( \sqrt{n} )$ iteration predictor-corrector methods for the linear complementarity problem. These methods replace the Newton predictor step with directions computed from appropriately defined ball optimization problems and trust-region problems. The one-step computational requirement of methods solving the ball optimization problem is similar to the computational requirement of the method using the Newton predictor step.
Post-synthetic fluorination of Scholl-coupled microporous polymers for increased CO2 uptake and selectivity (2018)

We report a facile, one-step post-synthetic fluorination method to increase the CO<sub>2</sub> capacity and CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of porous organic Scholl-coupled polymers.
Reductive DNA Cleavage Induced by UVA Photoirradiation of NADH without Oxygen (2006)

UVA irradiation of dihydronicotinamide coenzyme (NADH), which plays a key role in a number of biological redox processes, results in effective DNA cleavage without oxygen via photoionization of NADH and the subsequent reaction of hydrated electron with DNA as well as photoinduced electron transfer from NADH to DNA.
Response of Ambient BC Concentration Across the Indian Region to the Nation-Wide Lockdown: Results from the ARFINET Measurements of ISRO-GBP (2021)

In this study, we assess the response of ambient aerosol black carbon (BC) mass concentrations and spectral absorption properties across Indian mainland during the nation-wide lockdown (LD) in connection with the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The LD had brought near to total cut-off of emissions from industrial, traffic (road, railways, marine and air) and energy sectors, though the domestic emissions remained fairly unaltered. This provided a unique opportunity to delineate the impact of fossil fuel combustion sources on atmospheric BC characteristics. In this context, the primary data of BC measured at the national network of aerosol observatories (ARFINET) under ISRO-GBP are examined to assess the response to the seizure of emissions over distinct geographic parts of the country. Results indicate that average BC concentrations over the Indian mainland are curbed down significantly (10-40%) from prelockdown observations during the first and most intense phase of lockdown. This decline is significant with respect to the long-term (2015-2019) averaged (climatological mean) values. The drop in BC is most pronounced over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (>60%) and north-eastern India (>30%) during the second phase of lockdown, while significant reduction is seen during LD1 (16-60%) over central and peninsular Indian as well as Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions. Despite such a large reduction, the absolute magnitude of BC remained higher over the IGP and north-eastern sites compared to other parts of India. Notably, the spectral absorption index of aerosols changed very little over most of the locations, indicating the still persisting contribution of fossil-fuel emissions over most of the locations.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Prunus pusilliflora provides novel insights into genome evolution, disease resistance, and dormancy release in Cerasus L. (2023)

<i>Prunus pusilliflora</i> is a wild cherry germplasm resource distributed mainly in Southwest China. Despite its ornamental and economic value, a high-quality assembled <i>P. pusilliflora</i> genome is unavailable, hindering our understanding of its genetic background, population diversity, and evolutionary processes. Here, we <i>de novo</i> assembled a chromosome-scale <i>P. pusilliflora</i> genome using Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and chromosome conformation capture sequencing. The assembled genome size was 309.62 Mb, with 76 scaffolds anchored to eight pseudochromosomes. We predicted 33 035 protein-coding genes, functionally annotated 98.27% of them, and identified repetitive sequences covering 49.08% of the genome. We found that <i>P. pusilliflora</i> is closely related to <i>Prunus serrulata</i> and <i>Prunus yedoensis</i>, having diverged from them ~41.8 million years ago. A comparative genomic analysis revealed that <i>P. pusilliflora</i> has 643 expanded and 1128 contracted gene families. Furthermore, we found that <i>P. pusilliflora</i> is more resistant to <i>Colletotrichum viniferum</i>, <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> (<i>Pst</i>) DC3000 infections than cultivated <i>Prunus avium</i>. <i>P. pusilliflora</i> also has considerably more nucleotide-binding site-type resistance gene analogs than <i>P. avium</i>, which explains its stronger disease resistance. The cytochrome P450 and WRKY families of 263 and 61 proteins were divided into 42 and 8 subfamilies respectively in <i>P. pusilliflora</i>. Furthermore, 81 MADS-box genes were identified in <i>P. pusilliflora</i>, accompanying expansions of the SVP and AGL15 subfamilies and loss of the TM3 subfamily. Our assembly of a high-quality <i>P. pusilliflora</i> genome will be valuable for further research on cherries and molecular breeding.
Halato‐telechelic polymers. IX. Some specific properties of dicarboxylato polymers based on group IVb metal ions (1983)

peer reviewed
Enhancement of magnetic coercivity and macroscopic quantum tunneling in monodispersed Co/CoO cluster assemblies (1999)

Magnetic properties have been measured for monodisperse-sized Co/CoO cluster assemblies prepared by a plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster beam deposition technique. The clear correlation obtained between exchange bias field and coercivity suggests the enhancement of uniaxial anisotropy owing to the exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic Co core and antiferromagnetic CoO shell, and magnetic disorder at the core–shell interface. A nonthermal magnetic relaxation observed below 8 K, being referred to as macroscopic quantum tunneling of the magnetization, is ascribed to the enhanced uniaxial anisotropy.
Close Correlation of Monoamine Oxidase Activity with Progress of Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice, Observed by in Vivo Two-Photon Imaging (2016)

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We report <i>in vivo</i> comonitoring of MAO activity and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques dependent on the aging of live mice with AD, using a two-photon fluorescence probe. The probe under the catalytic action of MAO produces a dipolar fluorophore that senses Aβ plaques, a general AD biomarker, enabling us to comonitor the enzyme activity and the progress of AD indicated by Aβ plaques. The results show that the progress of AD has a close correlation with MAO activity, which can be categorized into three stages: slow initiation stage up to three months, an aggressive stage, and a saturation stage from nine months. Histological analysis also reveals elevation of MAO activity around Aβ plaques in aged mice. The close correlation between the MAO activity and AD progress observed by <i>in vivo</i> monitoring for the first time prompts us to investigate the enzyme as a potential biomarker of AD.