gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue Engineering Strategies for Retinal Regeneration (2021)

The retina is a complex and fragile photosensitive part of the central nervous system which is prone to degenerative diseases leading to permanent vision loss. No proven treatment strategies exist to treat or reverse the degenerative conditions. Recent investigations demonstrate that cell transplantation therapies to replace the dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and or the degenerating photoreceptors (PRs) are viable options to restore vision. Pluripotent stem cells, retinal progenitor cells and somatic stem cells are the main cell sources used for cell transplantation therapies. The success of retinal transplantation based on cell suspension injection is hindered by limited cell survival and lack of cellular integration. Recent advances in material science helped to develop strategies to grow cells as intact monolayers or as sheets on biomaterial scaffolds for transplantation into the eyes. Such implants are found to be more promising than the bolus injection approach. Tissue engineering techniques are specifically designed to construct biodegradable or non-degradable polymer scaffolds to grow cells as a monolayer and construct implantable grafts. The engineered cell construct along with the extracellular matrix formed, can hold the cells in place to enable easy survival, better integration and improved visual function. This article reviews the advances in the use of scaffolds for transplantation studies in animal models and its application in current clinical trials.
Fast prototyping of datapath-intensive architectures (1991)

A description is given of Hyper, a synthesis environment for real-time systems with datapath-intensive architectures. Hyper uses a single, global quality measure throughout the system to drive the exploration of the design space. This approach effectively merges the allocation of hardware, the application of transformations, and the handling of hierarchy in a consistent way. Hyper's modular organization around a central database also allows new software modules to be introduced easily. The discussion covers behavioral specification, module selection, exploring the design space, transformations, scheduling and assignment, and hardware mapping. Four versions of an IIR filter generated using Hyper and Lager IV are compared. It is seen that layouts generated using Hyper are more area efficient than layouts done using the more traditional methods based on one-to-one mapping or the use of multiprocessors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Original Polystyrene Nanoballs Grown by Plasma Polymerization (2011)

Plasma polymerization of styrene is widely used to synthesize polymer membranes for various applications. Under certain specific conditions, it is possible to grow polystyrene nanoballs. In this paper, we highlight the potential of plasma polymerization to synthesize polystyrene balls.
Violation of neutrality and occurrence of S-shaped current-voltage characteristic for doped semiconductors under double injection (2013)

It is shown that violation of quasi-neutrality and its subsequent recovery (with an increase in the current density) may occur in doped n layers of p +-n-n + structures under double injection at a high injection level and for a certain combination of electrical parameters. The violation of quasi-neutrality leads to a significant increase in the voltage across the base and subsequent recovery of neutrality gives rise to sharp decrease in voltage drop, as a result of which an S-shaped current-voltage characteristic is formed. The characteristic threshold current density for this effect is proportional to the base doping level N d .
Multi-scale sensorless adaptive optics: application to stimulated emission depletion microscopy (2020)

Sensorless adaptive optics is commonly used to compensate specimen-induced aberrations in high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, but requires a bespoke approach to detect aberrations in different microscopy techniques, which hinders its widespread adoption. To overcome this limitation, we propose using wavelet analysis to quantify the loss of resolution due to the aberrations in microscope images. By examining the variations of the wavelet coefficients at different scales, we are able to establish a multi-valued image quality metric that can be successfully deployed in different microscopy techniques. To corroborate our arguments, we provide experimental verification of our method by performing aberration correction experiments in both confocal and STED microscopy using three different specimens.
Dog bites to the upper extremity in children (2015)

Dog bites at the upper extremity are more prone to require surgical intervention and develop infection than those at the lower extremity, and delayed presentation of these injuries is associated with higher incidence of developing infection.
A Static Biped Robot Mechanism with Jack Legs for Conveyance and its Walking Gait (2003)

油圧ジャッキ脚を有し, 重量物を持って階段を昇降出来る2足歩行ロボットを開発している。本研究では, その機構と歩行方式を提案する。ペイロードが不確かな場合でも, 常に静的にバランスを取って, 歩行するのが特徴である。
Predictive Efficiency Optimization for DC–DC Converters With Highly Dynamic Digital Loads (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a novel technique and system for increasing the efficiency of dc–dc converters that supply dynamic electronic loads, such as modern audio and video equipment and other devices whose power consumption largely depends on the digital data they process. The optimization does not require a current-measurement circuit and is well-suited to portable applications. It is based on a real-time prediction of the dc–dc converter output current from easily accessible digital data streams present in the targeted loads. The result of the prediction is used for dynamic adjustment of the power-stage transistor size and/or for switching into pulse-frequency-mode of output voltage regulation, in order to maximize the instantaneous converter efficiency on-the-fly. The use of a segmented power-stage allows the effective power-transistor size to be changed on-the-fly, and the tradeoff between the gate-drive and rms conduction losses is continuously optimized over the full range of operation. The effectiveness of the optimization is demonstrated on an experimental system, including a 1-W digitally controlled 4-MHz, 3.6 V–1.8 V buck converter with an integrated segmented power-stage and a digital high-fidelity class-D audio amplifier acting as the digital load. The results show a good agreement between the digitally predicted and actual dc–dc converter load current, as well as a reduction in total energy consumption of up to 38%. </para>
SVM is not always confident: Telling whether the output from multiclass SVM is true or false by analysing its confidence values (2014)

This paper presents an algorithm to distinguish whether the output label that is yielded from multiclass support vector machine (SVM) is true or false without knowing the answer. Such judgment is done only by the confidence analysis based on the pre-training/testing using the training data. Such true/false judgment is useful for refining the output labels. We experimentally demonstrate that the decision value difference between the top candidate and the second candidate is a good measure. In addition, a proper threshold can be determined by the pre-training/testing using only the training data. Experimental results using three standard image datasets demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can improve Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) much better than simply thresholding the decision value for the top candidate.
Selection of Compliant Constant-Force Mechanisms Based on Stress and Force Criteria (2002)

Recent developments have made possible simple, compressive, constant force mechanisms (CFM) using compliant mechanism approaches. In order to reliably design such mechanisms for particular applications it is essential to understand the feasibilities of various configurations in terms of output force magnitude and allowable stresses. This paper first reviews past work done in the area of CFMs and then develops new non-dimensionalized parameters. While these new parameters simplify the calculations required to design a CFM, they will be utilized in future work to develop improved configurations and a detailed design methodology. The paper concludes by presenting an example that shows the usefulness of the new parameters.
Abstract 1265: Validation of the interaction between a candidate compound and the intended drug target by a phenotypic rescue approach (2019)

Abstract New targets for cancer treatment frequently emerge in literature, but the thorough target validation required to consider these targets for a drug discovery program is often lacking. In pharmacological or genetic perturbation studies using complex biological assays, undesired off-target effects cannot be easily distinguished from the intended mode of action at the desired target. This is especially evident in cancer drug development where it is important to discriminate on-target effects on cell viability from off-target effects resulting in non-specific loss of cellular fitness. Neglecting the possibility of being deceived by off-target effects can have tremendous scientific and financial impact on a drug discovery program. Ideally confidence in a preclinical drug target and a modulating compound is boosted in an early stage by more extensive analysis and validation of the actual drug-target relationship. Rescue of a disease-relevant phenotype by genetic restoration of a target mutation is a gold standard approach in drug discovery by which target validation can be achieved. We aim to follow this approach targeting the BRAF V600E mutation in a number of well described melanoma lines as well as the MAP2K1 Q56P mutation in non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1437. Target validation for both BRAF and MAP2K1 will be addressed by assessing viability, phenotypic changes and sensitivity to compound modulation upon CRISPR/Cas9 repair of the target mutation or by exogenous re-expression of the wildtype variant. Compounds tested will be Vemurafenib for BRAF and Trametinib for MAP2K1. Further investigation into target validity will be done using a physiologically relevant 3D spheroid based co-culture system. Mimicking the tumor microenvironment increases the knowledge about “drug-ability” of a target and sustainability of the target modulation at an early time point in the development process. Such early in-depth validation of the relationship between a compound and the drug target is vital to mitigate the risk of failure at later steps of drug development. Citation Format: Lieke Geerts, Laure Grandmoursel, Jamil Aarbiou, Jeroen DeGroot, Julia Schüler, Ian Waddell, Anne-Marie Zuurmond. Validation of the interaction between a candidate compound and the intended drug target by a phenotypic rescue approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1265.
Using active intrusion detection to recover network trust (2011)

Most existing intrusion detection systems take a passive approach to observing attacks or noticing exploits. We suggest that active intrusion detection (AID) techniques provide value, particularly in scenarios where an administrator attempts to recover a network infrastructure from a compromise. In such cases, an attacker may have corrupted fundamental services (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS, NTP), and existing IDS or auditing tools may lack the precision or pervasive deployment to observe symptoms of this corruption. We prototype a specific instance of the active intrusion detection approach: how we can use an AID mechanism based on packet injection to help detect rogue services. Tags: security, active intrusion detection, networking, trust relationships, recovery
Design and Construction of the Linac4 Accelerating Structures (2012)

The Linac4 project at CERN is at an advanced state of construction. Prototypes and/or operational modules of the different types of accelerating structures (RFQ, buncher, DTL, CCDTL, and PIMS) have been built and are presently tested. This paper gives the status of the cavity production and reviews the RF and mechanical design of the various structure types. Furthermore the production experience and the ﬁrst test results shall be presented.
Comparison of CT versus MRI measurements of transverse atlantal ligament integrity in craniovertebral junction injuries. Part 1: A clinical study (2016)

OBJECTIVE Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) injuries complicated by transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) disruption often require surgical stabilization. Measurements based on the atlantodental interval (ADI), atlas lateral diameter (ALD1), and axis lateral diameter (ALD2) may help clinicians identify TAL disruption. This study used CT scanning to evaluate the reliability of these measurements and other variants in the clinical setting. METHODS Patients with CVJ injuries treated at the authors' institution between 2004 and 2011 were evaluated retrospectively for demographics, mechanism and location of CVJ injury, classification of injury, treatment, and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at the time of injury and follow-up. The integrity of the TAL was evaluated using MRI. The ADI, ALD1, and ALD2 were measured on CT to identify TAL disruption indirectly. RESULTS Among the 125 patients identified, 40 (32%) had atlas fractures, 59 (47.2%) odontoid fractures, 31 (24.8%) axis fractures, and 4 (3.2%) occipital condyle fractures. TAL disruption was documented on MRI in 11 cases (8.8%). The average ADI for TAL injury was 1.8 mm (range 0.9-3.9 mm). Nine (81.8%) of the 11 patients with TAL injury had an ADI of less than 3 mm. In 10 patients (90.9%) with TAL injury, overhang of the C-1 lateral masses on C-2 was less than 7 mm. ADI, ALD1, ALD2, ALD1 - ALD2, and ALD1/ALD2 did not correlate with the integrity of the TAL. CONCLUSIONS No current measurement method using CT, including the ADI, ALD1, and ALD2 or their differences or ratios, consistently indicates the integrity of the TAL. A more reliable CT-based criterion is needed to diagnose TAL disruption when MRI is unavailable.
Hierarchical ISI-1 zeolite catalyst for hydroconversion of long-chain paraffins (2020)

The hierarchization <italic>via</italic> desilication of ISI-1 zeolite, belonging to the TON type family and its impact on catalytic performance in hydroconversion of model long chain <italic>n</italic>-alkanes are presented.
Direct visualization of the arterial wall water permeability barrier using CARS microscopy (2017)

The artery wall is equipped with a water permeation barrier that allows blood to flow at high pressure without significant water leak. The precise location of this barrier is unknown despite its importance in vascular function and its contribution to many vascular complications when it is compromised. Herein we map the water permeability in intact arteries, using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and isotopic perfusion experiments. Generation of the CARS signal is optimized for water imaging with broadband excitation. We identify the water permeation barrier as the endothelial basolateral membrane and show that the apical membrane is highly permeable. This is confirmed by the distribution of the AQP1 water channel within endothelial membranes. These results indicate that arterial pressure equilibrates within the endothelium and is transmitted to the supporting basement membrane and internal elastic lamina macromolecules with minimal deformation of the sensitive endothelial cell. Disruption of this pressure transmission could contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction in various pathologies.
Pressure-Induced Polaronic to Itinerant Electronic Transition inLa1−xSrxMnO3Crystals (1997)

Measurements of the temperature dependence of the resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ and thermoelectric power $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ under several hydrostatic pressures were made on single crystals of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ with $x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.12$ and 0.15 in which charge ordering takes place below ${T}_{\mathrm{co}}$. We report a transition from the polaronic to an itinerant electronic state in the pressure range $5&lt;P&lt;6\mathrm{kbar}$ in the $x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.15$ sample. The polaronic state is modeled as a mobile three-manganese cluster within a matrix of dynamic Jahn-Teller deformations at Mn(III) ions.
A Multi-Modality System for Dynamic Imaging of Cancer (2006)

In the present work, the details of a combined MR-diffuse optical imaging system for dynamic contrast enhanced imaging of cancer are given. As a part of this effort, a multi-spectral diffuse optical tomography system was integrated with an MRI system. The integration of the optical imaging system with the 4T MRI system was realized by incorporating a fiber adaptive interface inside the MR magnet. Coregistration was achieved by a special probe design utilizing fiducial markers. A dynamic phantom was developed and used to test the performance of the system. Human and animal studies are currently being undertaken to assess the performance of the system in-vivo
Shark Myelin Basic Protein: Amino Acid Sequence, Secondary Structure, and Self‐Association (1990)

Myelin basic protein (MBP) from the Whaler shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) has been purified from acid extracts of a chloroform/methanol pellet from whole brains. The amino acid sequence of the majority of the protein has been determined and compared with the sequences of other MBPs. The shark protein has only 44% homology with the bovine protein, but, in common with other MBPs, it has basic residues distributed throughout the sequence and no extensive segments that are predicted to have an ordered secondary structure in solution. Shark MBP lacks the triproline sequence previously postulated to form a hairpin bend in the molecule. The region containing the putative consensus sequence for encephalitogenicity in the guinea pig contains several substitutions, thus accounting for the lack of activity of the shark protein. Studies of the secondary structure and self-association have shown that shark MBP possesses solution properties similar to those of the bovine protein, despite the extensive differences in primary structure.
Prognostic Impact of Combined Ex Vivo Drug Resistance to Fludarabine, Treosulphan and Mitoxantrone in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2005)

Abstract Combined ex vivo drug resistance profile to prednisolone, vincristine and L-asparaginase (PVA) has prognostic significance in childhood de novo ALL (Den Boer JCO 2003, Styczynski JCO 2004). So far, no data exist to support prognostic value of in vitro drug resistance profile in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was the analysis of prognostic value of ex vivo drug resistance profile in childhood AML. A total number of 90 children (46 male, 44 female) aged 0.1–17 yrs (median 10 yrs), with de novo AML were included into the study. All patients were recruited between 1999 and 2004 and were treated according to ANLL-98 protocol. Patients with early deaths were excluded from the study. Drug resistance profile was done by the MTT assay in one laboratory for 4–24 drugs. According to median cytotoxicity for each of tested drugs, all patients were scored as resistant or sensitive to this drug. Patients who received a HSC transplantation were censored at the time of transplantation. Drug resistance profile and other known prognostic parameters, were examined by Kaplan-Meier method and by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression proportional hazard model. Probability of overall survival was 0.57±0.05, p(LFS)=0.72±0.05, mean LFS 3.36 yrs (95%CI=2.95–3.77). Relapses occurred in 17/90 children; 40/90 children died during follow-up. Children who relapsed during follow-up showed median higher in vitro resistance of leukemic blasts to most of tested drugs, except for cytarabine, cladribine, vincristine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine. Better LFS was observed for patients with favourable cytogenetics (1.00 vs 0.74±0.09, p=0.055); early BM response by day 15 (0.76±0.07 vs 0.54±0.13, p=0.013); BM remission by day 28 of induction (0.74±0.07 vs 0.35±0.26, p=0.018); ex-vivo sensitive patients to cyclophosphamide (0.83±0.15 vs 0.65±0.09, p=0.12), doxorubicin (0.81±0.12 vs 0.64±0.09, p=0.18), epirubicin (0.72±0.13 vs 0.61±0.12, p=0.26), fludarabine (0.73±0.12 vs 0.62±0.11, p=0.22), mitoxantrone (0.77±0.12 vs 0.51±0.13, p=0.07), treosulphan (0.88±0.12 vs 0.62±0.11, p=0.29), etoposide (0.70±0.13 vs 0.63±0.09, p=0.4) and for patients with leukemic cells being sensitive to fludarabine, treosulphan and mitoxantrone ie. FTM score (0.73±0.12 vs 0.50±0.14, p=0.034). In multivariate analysis, two factors showed prognostic value: early BM response by day 15 (p=0.0021; HR=0.29, 95%CI=0.13–0.64) and combined ex vivo drug resistance profile to fludarabine, treosulphan and mitoxantrone (FTM score), p=0.0048; HR=0.38, 95%CI=0.19–0.77. Combined ex vivo drug resistance profile to fludarabine, treosulphan and mitoxantrone has prognostic significance in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia, however cytogenetics and early bone marrow response to therapy seems to have stronger prognostic value.
Tibiotalocalcaneal Fusion for Severe Deformity and Bone Loss (2016)

Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion is an effective salvage procedure for combined end-stage ankle and subtalar arthrosis and for the management of severe planar deformities of the ankle and hindfoot. Although the procedure results in a rigid ankle and hindfoot, it is often the only means of providing patients with a stable and painless foot and ankle for ambulation. Some patients who require the procedure have substantial bone loss that can be managed with a variety of autograft and allograft options. Options for tibiotalocalcaneal fixation include both internal and external devices, the selection of which depends on the underlying pathology, amount of bone loss, and type of bone graft selected. Relatively high complication rates associated with tibiotalocalcaneal fusion have been reported, with complications ranging from superficial infection to ultimate amputation; however, proper patient selection and careful graft and fixation planning can minimize the postoperative complications of the procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition Reactions of Organosamarium Species via in situ Transmetalation to Cu(I) Salts. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radiomics robustness assessment and classification evaluation: A two‐stage method demonstrated on multivendor FFDM (2019)

A two-stage method for robust radiomic signature construction is proposed and demonstrated in the task of breast cancer risk assessment. The proposed method was used to assess generalizability of radiomic texture signatures at varying levels of feature robustness criteria. The results suggest that generalizability of feature sets monotonically decreases as reproducibility of features decreases. This trend suggests that considerations of feature robustness in feature selection methodology could improve classifier generalizability in multifarious full-field digital mammography datasets collected on various vendor units. Additionally, harmonization methods such as ComBat may hold utility in classification schemes and should continue to be investigated.