gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment with D3 Removes Amyloid Deposits, Reduces Inflammation, and Improves Cognition in Aged AβPP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice (2013)

One of the characteristic pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuritic plaques. The sequence of events leading to deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in plaques is not clear. Here we investigate the effects of D3, an Aβ oligomer directed D-enantiomeric peptide that was obtained from a mirror image phage display selection against monomeric or small oligomeric forms of Aβ42, on Aβ deposition in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic AD-model mice. Using Alzet minipumps, we infused the brains of these AD model mice for 8 weeks with FITC-labeled D3, and examined the subsequent changes in pathology and cognitive deficits. Initial cognitive deficits are similar comparing control and D3-FITC-treated mice, but the treated mice show a significant improvement on the last day of testing. Further, we show that there is a substantial reduction in the amount of amyloid deposits in the animals treated with D3-FITC, compared to the control mice. Finally, the amount of activated microglia and astrocytes surrounding Aβ deposits is dramatically reduced in the D3-FITC-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that treatments with the high affinity Aβ42 oligomer binding D-enantiomeric peptide D3 significantly decrease Aβ deposits and the associated inflammatory response, and improve cognition even when applied only at late stages and high age. Together, this suggests that the treatment reduces the level of Aβ peptide in the brains of AβPP/PS1 mice, possibly by increasing Aβ outflow from the brain. In conclusion, treatments with this D-peptide have great potential to be successful in AD patients.
Energetics of Heme Binding to Native and Denatured States of Cytochrome b562 (1997)

Cytochrome b562 is a four-helix bundle protein containing a noncovalently bound b-type heme prosthetic group. For the first time, energetics of heme binding to an apocytochrome were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. The heme is tightly bound to native apocytochrome b562, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 9 nM (ΔG° = 11 kcal mol-1) at 25 °C. Unexpectedly, the thermally denatured apoprotein is also capable of specifically binding heme with modest affinity (Kd = 3 μM, ΔG° = 7.6 kcal mol-1). This interaction results in the dependence of holocytochrome b562 stability on protein concentration in the submicromolar range.
A low-cost geometry calibration procedure for a modular cone-beam X-ray CT system (2020)

Accurate knowledge of the acquisition geometry of a CT scanning system is key for high quality tomographic imaging. Unfortunately, in modular X-ray CT setups, geometry misalignment occurs each time the setup is changed, which calls for an efficient calibration procedure to correct for geometric inaccuracies. Although many studies have been dealing with the calibration of X-ray CT systems, these are often specifically designed for one setup and/or expensive.In this work, we explore the possibilities of a low-cost, easy-to-build, and modular phantom, constructed from LEGO bricks, which serves as a structure to hold small metal beads, for geometric calibration of a tomographic X-ray system. By estimating the bead coordinates using deep learning, and minimizing center-to-center distances of the metal beads between measured and reference projection data, geometry parameters are derived. With simulated as well as real experiments, it is shown that the LEGO phantom can be used to accurately estimate the geometry of a modular X-ray CT system.
Effect of contamination on quantitative X-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope (1991)

Abstract It is shown that the contamination on a specimen surface leads to reduction of the characteristic intensities of low-energy lines because of the absorption. The X-ray path length in the contamination deposit which builds up in cone-shape by illumination of a finely focused electron beam is estimated from the reduction of characteristic intensities and compared with the average path length derived from the geometry of the deposit. The critical path length is introduced to define the negligible absorption in contamination for the characteristic lines of energies up to a few kilo electron volts.
FEM Analysis on Warpage and Stress at the Micro Joint of Multiple Chip Stacking (2013)

Flip chip plastic ball grid array (FCPBGA) utilizing an interposer for multiple chip stacks, so called 2.5D or 3D package, is gaining prominence in order to achieve the next generation high performance computing. The multi-tier stacking of Si chip, Si interposer and organic substrate induces complicated warpage behavior and stress at the micro joints during the joining process. The authors studied warpage behavior and thermo-mechanical stress of multiple chip stacks on Si interposer package with different thickness of top chip, different thickness of Si interposer, different middle chip stacks and different metallurgy of micro joints after joining of stacked chips on the interposer using finite element method (FEM). Thicker stacked Si chips and thicker Si interposer showed higher von Mises stress at chip-to-interposer joint. Comparing SnAg joint and CuSn joint, CuSn joint always shows higher stress than SnAg joint because of its higher elastic modulus.
Optimized Sparse Array Design Based on the Sum Coarray (2018)

The number of elements of a uniform linear array (ULA) is the main bottleneck in many applications in array processing in terms of cost and power consumption. This motivates the use of sparse arrays where some of the elements are removed. However, designing a sparse array configuration with the smallest number of elements that preserves the full array beam pattern is generally NP hard. In this paper we adopt work in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar to study a sparse array composed of two sub apertures. We derive the minimal number of elements required using this design, showing that in general there are two optimal solutions. Next, we present an extension of this approach beyond two sub apertures. By optimizing the number of sub apertures, we prove that the optimal array configuration is related to the notion of prime factorization. This allows to achieve a significant reduction in the number of elements.
Applications of a novel hemodynamic model to functional brain studies with fNIRS and fMRI (2013)

We report time-domain applications of a new hemodynamic model by Fantini [1] that yields analytic expressions for signals that are measurable with hemodynamic-based neuroimaging techniques such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We show how the model can be used to predict the perturbations in cerebral blood volume (CBV), blood flow (CBF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) that account for the initial dip and post-stimulus undershoot that have been reported in the fMRI and fNIRS literature. Furthermore, we have used data from the literature to perform a comparison between measured fNIRS and fMRI signals and the corresponding signals predicted by the new hemodynamic model. Results showed an excellent agreement between the model predictions and the reported measured data.
Preparation of soft magnetic films of nanocrystalline Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B alloy by facing targets sputtering (1998)

Soft magnetic thin films of nanocrystalline Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B alloy were deposited using the facing targets sputtering (FTS) apparatus. It was found that the Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B single layers thinner than 100 nm revealed good soft magnetic properties, of which the saturation magnetization 4πMs and the relative permeability μr were 11.3 kG and 500, respectively. However, when these films were thicker than 100 nm, their soft magnetic properties degraded due to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. On the other hand, the soft magnetic properties of the post-annealed films were improved owing to the release of stress in the films. Especially, μr of the post-annealed films with thickness of 120 nm increased drastically up to around 6200. Furthermore, Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B/Al multilayers revealed superior soft magnetic properties due to the magnetostatic coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers. These multilayers post-annealed at 300 °C revealed softer magnetic properties than single layers. They exhibited very low coercivity Hc of 0.63 Oe, large 4πMs of 13.2 kG and high μr of 4600.
Large-area Hybrid Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Ni/Cu Plated Front Contacts (2014)

Ni/Cu plated front contacts are applied to large-area hybrid silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells consisting of a diffused front surface field and intrinsic and boron doped a-Si:H(i/p+) layers forming the rear SHJ emitter. Nickel silicide front contacts are formed by excimer laser annealing (ELA) which unlike rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is shown to be compatible with a rear SHJ emitter. A top efficiency of 20.1% (externally confirmed at FhG-ISE CalLab), with jsc=39.0 mA/cm2, Voc=675.1 mV, and FF=76.5% is obtained on 15.6x15.6 cm2 n-type Cz-Si in a first trial and this without compromising solder tab adhesion results at the front side. Limitations arising from series resistance at the rear side and from recombination at the front side are discussed.
Four-wave mixing between a soliton and noise in a system with large amplifier spacing (1997)

Depletion of soliton energy by four-wave mixing between a soliton and amplifier noise in a system with 100-km amplifier spacing is studied. Dispersion exponentially decreasing fiber is used as transmission fiber. Improvement of the system by the use of a sliding-frequency filter to reduce noise power and the depletion of soliton energy is shown. The system can be further improved by compensation for depleted soliton energy.
Loop‐Shaping Feedback and Feedforward Control for Networked Systems With Saturation and Delay (2016)

Abstract The paper proposes a new robust networked controller, for example suitable for packet data transfer control in wireless sensor networks with uncertain delays. The method adjusts a linear H 2 loop‐shaping design towards consistency with a long delay and a saturation in the feedback loop, where the saturation results because of the one‐directional packet flow. Feedforward from a measurable disturbance is integrated in the design. By formally extending recently derived sensitivity function constraints to include feedforward, a subset of the stability region is pre‐computed using the stability inequality of the Popov criterion. A robustly stable controller is then selected in the stability region. The new controller design method is applied to internet data flow control supporting 5G wireless connectivity. The results indicate a possible enhancement of the robustness against feedback delay uncertainty with a factor of 3‐4. Such robustness should be beneficial for example for packet data relying with variable routing over ad hoc wireless sensor networks.
Graphene: Tunable Decoration of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Au Nanoparticles for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (Adv. Funct. Mater. 19/2014) (2014)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films are decorated with arrays of Au nanoparticles using diblock copolymer micelles by T. D. Chung, B.-H. Sohn, and co-workers. On page 2764, they show how decorated rGO films can be transferred to various substrates including carbon electrodes and flexible polymer films without deterioration of the arrays. Decorated rGO films show high electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and a size-dependent ORR mechanism is analyzed electrochemically based on a rotating disk electrode.
Immunization of Neonates with DNA Encoding a Bovine Herpesvirus Glycoprotein Is Effective in the Presence of Maternal Antibodies* (1999)

Neonates generally display low immune responsiveness to conventional vaccines, which may be due to the immaturity of their immune system and interference by maternal antibodies. Because of the unique capacity of plasmid DNA for the production of low doses of antigen over extended periods of time, we used DNA immunization as an approach to induce immunity in neonates. Previously, we demonstrated that a plasmid encoding a truncated secreted version of bovine herpesvirus-1 gD (tgD) induces protective immunity in adult animals. For the present study, 3-day-old lambs were immunized intradermally with the tgD-expressing plasmid. The lambs developed antibody as well as T-cell responses to the tgD glycoprotein, which clearly demonstrates the ability of the animals to respond to vaccination at this age. Furthermore, lambs born to tgD-hyperimmunized ewes, thus containing high levels of passively acquired serum antibodies, responded to the tgD DNA vaccine in a similar manner, which shows that the maternal antibodies did not inhibit the development of an immune response. These results indicate that DNA immunization might be a useful approach to vaccinate neonates that possess high levels of maternal antibodies.
Identification of Bilinear Forms with the Kalman Filter (2018)

In this paper, we develop the Kalman filter for the identification of bilinear forms. In this framework, the bilinear term is defined with respect to the impulse responses of a spatiotemporal model, which resembles a multiple-input/single-output system. Recently, the identification of such bilinear forms was addressed in terms of the Wiener filter and conventional adaptive algorithms, i.e., least-mean-square and recursive least-squares. In this work, apart from the derivation of the Kalman filter tailored for the identification of bilinear forms, a simplified (i.e., low complexity) version of the algorithm is also presented. Simulation results support the theoretical findings and indicate the good performance of the proposed solutions.
Results and Discussion (2015)

No AccessThe Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites (Print-on-Demand)Dec 2015Results and DiscussionStephan SprengerStephan SprengerSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906286.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2015Pages: 48-156Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-627-9eISBN: 978-1-56990-628-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Acoustic Environment Control : Implementation of a Reverberation Enhancement System (2016)

Reverberation enhancement systems allow the active control of the acoustic environment. They are subject to instability issues due to acoustic feedback, and are often installed permanently in large halls, sometimes at great cost. In this paper, we explore the possibility of implementing a cost-effective reverberation enhancement system to control the acoustics of typical rooms using a combination of spatial filtering, automatic calibration, adaptive notch filters, howling detection and manual adjustments. The effectiveness of the system is then tested inside a small soundproof booth.
2D micro-chamber for DC plasma working at low power (2014)

The plasma micro-chambers proposed in the literature make typically usage of relatively high RF power applied to cavities characterized by their 3D geometry, difficult to integrate on wafer. This work reports on the design, wafer-level fabrication and characterization of 2D DC plasma micro-chambers working at atmospheric pressure with noble and inert gases like helium and argon. The MEMS technology developed for this purpose allows the definition of small gaps in order to reduce the power consumption. The strike and sustain electrodes are made of Titanium Nitrite, material of choice for its hardness, and thus resistance to the ion bombardment, as well as his high melting point temperature, that allows the proximity and contact with high temperature plasmas. Measurements were performed, applying a high voltage to these electrodes, and measuring the relation between the voltage and the current when the plasma is ignited. Considering different gaps between the electrodes we can extract then the power consumed in the plasma and optimize the 2D micro-chamber.
Kinetics of Bacterial Survival on Polymer Coatings with Particular Reference to Indoor Air Quality (2004)

The goal of the present study was to assess the bactericidal properties of various polyester coatings (PES) with and without anti-bacterial additives such as silver or polymer compounds. Under the experimental conditions used, the release of anti-bacterial additives was not an appreciable factor. The survival rate of Enterococcus faecalis mainly depended on environmental factors such as the relative humidity and the presence of nutrients. Based on the experimental points and the mathematics of disinfection, it was possible to model the survival kinetics of airborne bacteria after settling on polymer coatings. On clean materials, the coatings displayed an anti-bacterial property. Nevertheless, this was not sufficient, first, to ensure hygiene and indoor air quality and, secondly, to be adapted in domestic appliances or in hospitals. Indeed, most of the bacterial population still survived after several days' exposure. This weak effect of the anti-bacterial additives could be explained by their accessibility at the coating/bacteria interface.
Respiratory Failure Due to Differentiation Arrest and Expansion of Alveolar Cells following Lung-Specific Loss of the Transcription Factor C/EBPα in Mice (2006)

The leucine zipper family transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation in various cell types. In this study, we show, using a lung-specific conditional mouse model of C/EBPalpha deletion, that loss of C/EBPalpha in the respiratory epithelium leads to respiratory failure at birth due to an arrest in the type II alveolar cell differentiation program. This differentiation arrest results in the lack of type I alveolar cells and differentiated surfactant-secreting type II alveolar cells. In addition to showing a block in type II cell differentiation, the neonatal lungs display increased numbers of proliferating cells and decreased numbers of apoptotic cells, leading to epithelial expansion and loss of airspace. Consistent with the phenotype observed, genes associated with alveolar maturation, survival, and proliferation were differentially expressed. Taken together, these results identify C/EBPalpha as a master regulator of airway epithelial maturation and suggest that the loss of C/EBPalpha could also be an important event in the multistep process of lung tumorigenesis. Furthermore, this study indicates that exploring the C/EBPalpha pathway might have therapeutic benefits for patients with respiratory distress syndromes.
Activation of Bovine Lymphocyte Subpopulations by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C (1998)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major mastitis-causing pathogen in cattle. The chronic nature of bovine staphylococcal mastitis suggests that some products or components of S. aureus may interfere with the development of protective immunity. One class of molecules that could be involved are superantigens (SAgs). Although a significant number of mastitis isolates produce SAgs, the effect of these molecules on the bovine immune system is unresolved. To determine if immunosuppression caused by SAgs could play a role in pathogenesis, we monitored bovine lymphocytes exposed to staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1). Activation of bovine lymphocytes by either SEC1 or concanavalin A (ConA) was influenced by the gammadelta/alphabeta T-cell ratio in the culture. Compared to ConA-induced stimulation, cultures stimulated with SEC1 generated small numbers of CD4+ alphabeta T cells expressing high levels of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2R alpha) and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), suggesting that SAg exposure does not lead to full activation of these cells. This state of partial activation was most pronounced in cultures with a high gammadelta/alphabeta ratio. In contrast, significant numbers of CD8+ alphabeta T cells expressed high levels of IL-2R alpha and MHCII, regardless of the gammadelta/alphabeta ratio and the stimulant used. CD8+ blasts in cultures stimulated with SEC1 also expressed another activation marker, ACT3, previously detected predominantly on thymocytes and CD4+ T cells. Although gammadelta CD2- and CD2+ T cells expressed MHCII and IL-2R alpha following stimulation with SEC1, only a few cells increased to blast size, suggesting that they were only partially activated. The results suggest ways in which SAgs might facilitate immunosuppression that promotes the persistence of bacteria in cattle and contributes to chronic intramammary infection.
25.4 A 20nm 6GB Function-In-Memory DRAM, Based on HBM2 with a 1.2TFLOPS Programmable Computing Unit Using Bank-Level Parallelism, for Machine Learning Applications (2021)

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has proliferated rapidly and widely into application areas such as speech recognition, health care, and autonomous driving. To increase the capabilities of AI more powerful systems are needed to process a larger amount of data. This requirement has made domain-specific accelerators, such as GPUs and TPUs, popular; as they can provide orders of magnitude higher performance than state-of-the-art CPUs. However, these accelerators can only operate at their peak performance when they get the necessary data from memory as quickly as it is processed: requiring off-chip memory with a high bandwidth and a large capacity [1]. HBM has thus far met the bandwidth and capacity requirement [2-6], but recent AI technologies such as recurrent neural networks require an even higher bandwidth than HBM [7-8]. While a further increase in off-chip bandwidth can be accomplished by various techniques, it is often limited by power constraints at the chip or system level [9]. Hence, it is essential to decrease demand for off-chip bandwidth with unconventional architectures: such as processing-in-memory. In this paper, we present function-Inmemory DRAM (FIMDRAM) that integrates a 16-wide single-instruction multiple-data engine within the memory banks and that exploits bank-level parallelism to provide 4× higher processing bandwidth than an off-chip memory solution. Second, we show techniques that do not require any modification to conventional memory controllers and their command protocols, which make FIMDRAM more practical for quick industry adoption. Finally, we conclude this paper with circuitand system-level evaluations of our fabricated FIMDRAM.
Electric Vehicle Participation in Transactive Power Systems Using Real-Time Retail Prices (2016)

Smart grids can help Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) manage their load in a grid-friendly way. In this paper, we consider the case of PEVs participating in a retail double auction electricity regulation market, as in the so-called "transactive control" paradigm. Price-responsive charging of PEVs is modeled in conjunction with real-time retail price signals from the utility. PEVs can defer charging or even discharge when the retail prices are high. Buy and sell reservation prices are based on expectations of future prices and opportunity costs of sold energy, respectively. Feeder capacity constraints also affect the retail price and are allowed to rise to the point at which supply equals demand. For the most advanced charging strategies, as the price rises, demand from PEVs drops, and if the constraint causes further price increases, the PEVs can begin to supply energy. The results show that when rooftop solar energy is available transactive bid-response vehicle charging strategies significantly enhance short-term electricity demand elasticity and can reduce consumer energy costs by more than 75% in comparison to the unresponsive charge case.