gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Fasting Plasma Insulin Level and Resistance to Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Normal and Diabetic Subjects (1973)

We have previously shown that a significant inverse correlation exists between the height of the plasma insulin concentration and the efficiency of glucose uptake in the fasting state. Subsequently, we devised an infusion technic that provides a more specific measure of cellular resistance to insulin mediated glucose uptake. We have used this technic to study the relationship between fasting plasma insulin level and resistance to insulin mediated glucose uptake in twenty-two patients with normal oral glucose tolerance, fourteen patients with impaired glucose tolerance, and fourteen patients classified as having chemical diabetes mellitus. The results indicate a highly significant positive correlation between the degree of insulin resistance and fasting plasma insulin concentration (r = .69, p &amp;lt; .0001). A positive correlation (r = .43, p &amp;lt; .005) was also found between the degree of insulin resistance and the two hour plasma glucose level during an oral glucose tolerance test. However, no significant correlation was found between per cent adiposity and fasting insulin level, and the relationship between insulin resistance and fasting insulin level appeared to be independent of obesity or any other known cause of decreased insulin responsiveness. These studies indicate that: (1) increases in fasting insulin levels and increase in resistance to insulin mediated glucose uptake are closely related, and that these changes can occur in the absence of any of the “known” causes of decreased insulin responsiveness; (2) in the types of subjects we have studied, deterioration of glucose tolerance is closely related to increases in insulin resistance; and (3) the increases in fasting insulin levels which we have observed appear to be compensatory attempts to overcome the resistance to glucose uptake.
Dynamic insertion of object services (1995)

This paper presents our experiments with dynamic insertion of object services, where dynamic insertion is defined as adding services to object instances at runtime. In contrast, the static approach is defined as adding services to objects at class definition time. Dynamic insertion allows class implementors to concentrate on the basic functionality for objects, freeing them from the chores of providing normal system services such as persistence, transactions, and concurrency. This paper compares the dynamic insertion approach to the static approach using two benchmarks. The two key contributions of the paper are: (1) It shows how to use the dynamic insertion of services in well known benchmarks; (2) It demonstrates that the dynamic insertion approach incurs low overhead.
Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Detoxication (1996)

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the pharmacokinetic parameters used from in vivo and in vitro studies that are important in order to understand the major conceptual approaches of toxicokinetics and the disposition of environmental chemicals.In vitro biochemical information concerning the detoxication of environmental chemicals is also presented.The discussion leads to a more complete appreciation for the use of in vitro measurements for in vivo correlations.The concept of interspecies scaling in the interpolation and extrapolation of fundamental biochemical metabolic processes is illustrated with a number of examples.Additional examples of in vitro-in vivo correlations are presented in the evaluation of the impact of chemical exposure to humans.Finally, several important metabolic detoxication enzymes are presented, including the mammalian microsomal cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenases as well as carboxylesterases and glucuronosyltransferases, to provide insight into the processes of chemical detoxication in mammalian tissue and blood.Because interspecies scaling and the pharmacokinetics of chemical disposition have already shown their usefulness in understanding some examples of chemical disposition, our summary focuses on showing the usefulness of the pharmacokinetic equations and providing confidence in using the approach for in vitro-in vivo correlations.Ultimately, the presentation may provide the reader with a conceptual framework for future evaluation of the human health risks associated with environmental toxicants.
Preparation and Characterization of Self-Cleaning Glass for Vehicle with Niobia Nanosheets (2010)

Self-cleaning glasses were prepared by coating niobia nanosheets and investigated on the performance. The coated glass heated at >450 degrees C had very low turbidity, high hardness, and excellent adhesion properties. Niobia nanosheets ([Nb(3)O(8)](-)) reacted with sodium ions (Na(+)) diffused from the glass into the films to form a crystalline phase of NaNb(3)O(8) and this phase was converted to NaNbO(3) at >450 degrees C. The films exhibited photoinduced hydrophilicity under UV irradiation but low photocatalytic oxidation activity. Excellent self-cleaning ability of the niobia nanosheet coated glass was confirmed by the Taber abrasion test, which is thought to be a candidate as self-cleaning glasses for vehicles.
MicroRNAs 218a-5p, 219a-5p, and 221-3p regulate vestibular compensation (2017)

Unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) interrupts afferent signals from one side, resulting in an imbalance of the resting activity between bilateral vestibular nuclei. Vestibular compensation is the process of balancing the resting activity to reestablish homeostasis. Here, we investigated microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate vestibular compensation using the Sprague-Dawley rat. After determining the progression of vestibular compensation following UVD, microarray analysis was performed and nine miRNAs were selected as candidates. Following validation by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, three miRNAs remained. We assessed the effect of these miRNAs on vestibular compensation using miRNA oligomers. We compared the results of the rotarod test and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry following UVD between the control group and the groups in which the candidate miRNA oligomers were administered. Administration of miR-218a-5p, 219a-5p, and 221-3p oligomers significantly affected vestibular compensation. Target pathway analysis of these miRNAs supported our results. Our findings suggest that the miRNAs 218a-5p, 219a-5p, and 221-3p regulate vestibular compensation.
Measurement of fiducial differential cross sections of gluon-fusion production of Higgs bosons decaying to WW ∗→eνμν with the ATLAS detector at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2016)

This paper describes a measurement of fiducial and differential cross sections of gluon-fusion Higgs boson production in the H W W * e channel, using 20.3 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data. The data were produced at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2012. Cross sections are measured from the observed H W W * e signal yield in categories distinguished by the number of associated jets. The total cross section is measured in a fiducial region defined by the kinematic properties of the charged leptons and neutrinos. Differential cross sections are reported as a function of the number of jets, the Higgs boson transverse momentum, the dilepton rapidity, and the transverse momentum of the leading jet. The jet-veto efficiency, or fraction of events with no jets above a given transverse momentum threshold, is also reported. All measurements are compared to QCD predictions from Monte Carlo generators and fixed-order calculations, and are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions.
Data from Efficacy of Affibody-Based Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Vascular B7-H3 for Breast Cancer Detection (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Human B7-H3 (hB7-H3) is a promising molecular imaging target differentially expressed on the neovasculature of breast cancer and has been validated for preclinical ultrasound (US) imaging with anti–B7-H3-antibody-functionalized microbubbles (MB). However, smaller ligands such as affibodies (ABY) are more suitable for the design of clinical-grade targeted MB.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Binding of ABY&lt;sub&gt;B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; was confirmed with soluble and cell-surface B7-H3 by flow cytometry. MB were functionalized with ABY&lt;sub&gt;B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; or anti–B7-H3-antibody (Ab&lt;sub&gt;B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt;). Control and targeted MB were tested for binding to hB7-H3–expressing cells (MS1&lt;sub&gt;hB7-H3&lt;/sub&gt;) under shear stress conditions. US imaging was performed with MB&lt;sub&gt;ABY-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; in an orthotopic mouse model of human MDA-MB-231 coimplanted with MS1&lt;sub&gt;hB7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; or control MS1&lt;sub&gt;WT&lt;/sub&gt; cells and a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer development.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;ABY&lt;sub&gt;B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; specifically binds to MS1&lt;sub&gt;hB7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; and murine-B7-H3–expressing monocytes. MB&lt;sub&gt;ABY-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; (8.5 ± 1.4 MB/cell) and MB&lt;sub&gt;Ab-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; (9.8 ± 1.3 MB/cell) showed significantly higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001) binding to the MS1&lt;sub&gt;hB7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; cells compared with control MB&lt;sub&gt;Non-targeted&lt;/sub&gt; (0.5 ± 0.1 MB/cell) under shear stress conditions. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, MB&lt;sub&gt;ABY-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; produced significantly higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.04) imaging signal in orthotopic tumors coengrafted with MS1&lt;sub&gt;hB7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; (8.4 ± 3.3 a.u.) compared with tumors with MS1&lt;sub&gt;WT&lt;/sub&gt; cells (1.4 ± 1.0 a.u.). In the transgenic mouse tumors, MB&lt;sub&gt;ABY-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; (9.6 ± 2.0 a.u.) produced higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0002) imaging signal compared with MB&lt;sub&gt;Non-targeted&lt;/sub&gt; (1.3 ± 0.3 a.u.), whereas MB&lt;sub&gt;ABY-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; signal in normal mammary glands and tumors with B7-H3 blocking significantly reduced (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.02) imaging signal.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;MB&lt;sub&gt;ABY-B7-H3&lt;/sub&gt; enhances B7-H3 molecular signal in breast tumors, improving cancer detection, while offering the advantages of a small size ligand and easier production for clinical imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Recent Advances in Synaptic Nonvolatile Memory Devices and Compensating Architectural and Algorithmic Methods Toward Fully Integrated Neuromorphic Chips (2022)

Abstract Nonvolatile memory (NVM)‐based neuromorphic computing has been attracting considerable attention from academia and the industry. Although it is not completely successful yet, remarkable achievements have been reported pertaining to synaptic devices that can leverage NVM capable of storing multiple states. The analog synaptic devices performing computation similar to biological nerve systems are crucial in energy‐efficient analog neuromorphic computing systems. To use NVM as an analog synaptic device, researchers focus on improving device characteristics. Among various characteristics, the most challenging one is linearity and symmetry of synaptic weight update that is required for on‐chip training. In this regard, this review paper discusses recent synaptic device improvements focusing on novel schemes tailored for each NVM device to improve the linearity and symmetry. In addition to device‐level studies, recent research achievements are reviewed expanded up to chip‐level studies because in realizing neuromorphic hardware systems beyond a single synaptic device, several considerations and requirements are needed to confirm for high‐level design, and accordingly, cooptimize among synaptic devices, synapse arrays, electrical circuits, neural networks, algorithms, and implementation. Also, this review introduces various circuit and algorithmic approaches to compensate for the non‐ideality of the analog synaptic device.
Effects ofS-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine on contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle (1998)

The ultimate goal of replantation and microsurgical reconstructive operations is to regain or improve impaired function of the tissue. However, the data related to the influence of NO on tissue function are limited. This study evaluated the effects of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) on contractile function of skeletal muscle during reperfusion. Forty-nine rats were divided into six groups. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in groups I and II were not subjected to ischemia-reperfusion but were treated with a low (100 nmol/min) or high (1 mumol/min) dose of SNAC. In groups III-V, the EDL underwent 3 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion and was also treated with low (100 nmol/min) or high doses (1 or 5 mumol/min) of SNAC. Group VI was a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. Twenty additional animals were used to document systemic effects of SNAC and PBS only. SNAC or PBS was infused for 6.5 h, beginning 30 min before ischemia and continuing throughout the duration of reperfusion. Contractile testing compared the maximal twitch force, isometric tetanic contractile forces, fatigue, and fatigue half time of the experimental EDL and the contralateral nontreated EDL. The findings indicate that 1) SNAC does not influence contractile function of EDL muscle not subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, 2) SNAC significantly protects the contractile function of ischemic skeletal muscle against reperfusion injury in the early reperfusion period, and 3) the protective role of SNAC is critically dosage dependent; protection is lost at higher doses. The conclusion from this study is that supplementation with exogenous NO exerts a protective effect on the tissue against reperfusion injury.
304 Computation of flow in a stenosed blood vessel in a Cartesian coordinate system (2001)

We deal with a pulsatile flow in a two-dimensional stenosed blood vessel using the Cartesian coordinate system. In this paper we assume that some voxel data are given. We determine the boundaries of the domain in a manner of VOF (fractional volume of fluid) and use the non-staggered finite difference method and the neighboring point local collocation method (NPLC) for the spatial discretization. The numerical results obtained by the present method are in good agreement with other reliable results.
Porous NIR Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals‐POSS Composites (2016)

Near infrared photoluminescent porous silicon nanocrystals(ncSi)‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) polymer composites are synthesized using a combination of thermal hydrosilylation and polymerization between Vinyl‐POSS and hydrogen‐terminated silicon nanocrystals (ncSi:H). The synthesized materials are characterized by IR, powder X‐ray diffraction and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ( 13 C and 29 Si). The results demonstrate that the hydrosilylation–polymerization reaction proceeded to create chemically crosslinked Vinyl‐POSS‐ncSi composites in which the integrity of the POSS cages is maintained intact. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results demonstrate that morphology of these materials depends on the weight ratio of ncSi:H to Vinyl‐POSS. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses establish that the composites have high surface areas ranging from 290.5 to 1047.2 m 2 g −1 and pore volumes from 0.64 to 1.17 cm 3 g −1 . The pore sizes range from 6.08 to 3.54 nm and are dependent on the weight ratio of Vinyl‐POSS to ncSi:H. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows that the absolute quantum yield of the nanocomposites is not affected by the weight ratio of ncSi:H to Vinyl‐POSS. Thermal gravimetric analysis results show that the POSS polymer composites with ncSi have lower thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere as compared with the pure Vinyl‐POSS polymer. It is envisioned that future applications for these composites will likely be found in the fields of advanced materials, gas adsorption media, and biomedicine.
The HiPAC project: combining active databases and timing constraints (1988)

The HiPAC (High Performance ACtive database system) project addresses two critical problems in time-constrained data management: the handling of timing constraints in databases, and the avoidance of wasteful polling through the use of situation-action rules that are an integral part of the database and are monitored by DBMS's condition monitor. A rich knowledge model provides the necessary primitives for definition of timing constraints, situation-action rules, and precipitating events. The execution model allows various coupling modes between transactions, situation evaluations and actions, and provides the framework for correct concurrent execution of transactions and triggered actions. Different approaches to scheduling of time-constrained tasks and transactions are explored and an architecture is being designed with special emphasis on the interaction of the time-constrained, active DBMS and the operating system. Performance models are developed to evaluate the various design alternatives.
High-power lasers for directed-energy applications: comment (2016)

Sprangle et al. [Appl. Opt.54, F201 (2015)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.54.00F201] recently concluded that our experiments on coherent combining of laser beams over an atmospheric path [Opt. Lett.36, 4455 (2011)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.36.004455] were "effective only because at these low-power levels the linewidth of the lasers was very narrow… and the level of atmospheric turbulence was low…." These conclusions are inaccurate, not relevant to practical high-power coherently combined laser systems, and contradict our most recent experiments with coherent combining of 21 laser beams with a linewidth of about 1 GHz over 7 km distance. In this comment we also challenge the major conclusion of Sprangle et al. [Appl. Opt.54, F201 (2015)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.54.00F201] and the more recently published paper by Nelson et al. [Appl. Opt.55, 1757 (2016)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.55.001757] regarding inefficiency of coherent beam combining under typical atmospheric conditions.
Reduction of Open-Circuit DC Winding Induced Voltage and Torque Pulsation in the Wound Field Switched Flux Machine by Stator Axial Pairing of Tooth Tips (2022)

Stator axial pairing of tooth tips is proposed in this article to suppress the open-circuit dc winding induced voltage and torque pulsation in the wound field switched flux machine. In the proposed method, the stator is divided into two segments axially and these two segments have different arcs of tooth tip. The finite element analysis results show that the proposed technique can reduce the on-load torque ripple from 17.91% to 6.99%, reduce the peak-to-peak value of cogging torque by 90.66% from 5.14 N·m to 0.48 N·m, and reduce the peak-to-peak value of open-circuit dc winding induced voltage at 1500 r/min by 84.39% from 79.58 to 12.42 V. Although the efficiency of the paired machine is slightly reduced from 84.93% to 84.11%, the average electromagnetic torque does not deteriorate by more than 5%. The paired machine is prototyped and tested, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Investigation of velocity and temperature measurement sensitivities in cross-correlation filtered Rayleigh scattering (CCFRS) (2019)

Abstract The cross-correlation filtered Rayleigh scattering method is presented for planar measurements of time-averaged velocity, temperature, density, and pressure using laser scanning, Rayleigh scattering, and cross-correlation-based signal processing. Of particular note, the methods and analyses presented show that velocity and temperature measurements are obtainable at acceptable uncertainties for many aerodynamic applications with or without particles present. In the current work, velocity and temperature measurement uncertainties for this method are analysed by Monte Carlo simulations and evaluation of the Cramér–Rao lower bounds for the signals generated in this approach with aerodynamic applications in mind. A key aspect considered is the relative strength of Rayleigh (molecular) scattering and Mie (particle) scattering contributions to the simulated flow signal. Compared to particle-based velocity estimation, the effects due to convolution between the molecular filter and the broadband Rayleigh scattering spectrum are found to increase the estimator variance of the velocity. For given flow conditions, the velocity error associated with the signal processing routine with noise-free signals is found to be less than , and bias error associated with discrete sampling in the laser frequency domain is within . For these same conditions, temperature measurement simulations indicate bias error bounds of 0. 014% with random uncertainty bounds of less than ±1.4% for a signal with no Mie scattering contribution, and bias error bounds of less than ±0.14% with random uncertainty bounds of less than 3.2% for flows contaminated with Mie scattering sources at a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB or greater. This technique is also being further developed to measure density and pressure using the principles of laser Rayleigh scattering in flows containing particles of unknown sizes and concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical Structures Made of Proteins. The Complex Architecture of Spider Webs and Their Constituent Silk Proteins (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Singular value distribution of the propagation matrix in random scattering media (2010)

The distribution of singular values of the propagation operator in a random medium is investigated, in a backscattering configuration. Experiments are carried out with pulsed ultrasonic waves around 3 MHz, using an array of 64 programmable transducers placed in front of a random scattering medium. The impulse responses between each pair of transducers are measured and form the response matrix. The evolution of its singular values with time and frequency is computed by means of a short-time Fourier analysis. The mean distribution of singular values exhibits a very different behaviour in the single and multiple scattering regimes. The results are compared with random matrix theory. Once the experimental matrix coefficients are renormalized, experimental results and theoretical predictions are found to be in a very good agreement. Two kinds of random media have been investigated: a highly scattering medium in which multiple scattering predominates and a weakly scattering medium. In both cases, residual correlations that may exist between matrix elements are shown to be a key parameter. Finally, the possibility of detecting a target embedded in a random scattering medium based on the statistical properties of the strongest singular value is discussed.
Deconvolution: A Novel Signal Processing Approach for Determining Activation Time From Fractionated Electrograms and Detecting Infarcted Tissue (1996)

Deconvolution estimated local activation time more accurately than the other metrics (P < .0001). Furthermore, the algorithm quantified changes in morphology (P < .0001) with superior performance, detecting electrograms recorded from regions of myocardial infarction. Thus, deconvolution, which incorporates a priori knowledge of electrogram morphology, shows promise to improve present clinical metrics.
Erratum: Many-electron effects on the dielectric function of cubic In2O3: Effective electron mass, band nonparabolicity, band gap renormalization, and Burstein-Moss shift [Phys. Rev. B 93, 045203 (2016)] (2016)

Received 2 December 2016DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.239905©2016 American Physical Society