gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and ex Vivo Uptake of Glutathione (GSH) across the Intestinal Epithelium and Fate of Oral GSH after in Vivo Supplementation (2014)

Glutathione (GSH) is the most prevalent low-molecular-weight thiol in mammalian cells and is crucial for antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism, and the regulation of pathways essential for whole body homeostasis. GSH transport systems have been identified in the membranes of various tissues and organs, including the small intestine. However, little is known regarding GSH transport across intestinal epithelial cells. The current in vitro and ex vivo uptake study of GSH demonstrated that intact GSH can be transported across intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that GSH uptake is not proton-dependent. It would appear that the initial uptake of GSH into cells is a rapid process. Furthermore, the visualized GSH after 60 min of transport by MALDI-MS imaging showed localization of intact GSH inside the intestinal wall. In vivo study found that ingested (13)C-GSH was rapidly converted to GSSG and accumulated in red blood cells and liver, but was little present in plasma. The ingested GSH has potent nutraceutical benefits for human health to improve oxidative stress and defense in human.
Broadband single-mode coupler (1991)

A novel compact broadband single-mode coupler is proposed. It can provide highly efficient coupling from a cw laser diode (LD) located in close proximity (and parallel) to the waveguide. It consists of a microprism and two perpendicular volume holographic gratings. Because of the specific geometry, the gratings offer opposite-sign wavelength dispersions with two independent degrees of freedom. Thus, the coupling wavelength curve can be adjusted to the waveguide modal curve with high (second-order) accuracy. As a result, the waveguide coupling is highly efficient within a broad range of LD wavelength shifts (10-100) nm). The presented prism-grating hybrid coupling system can be used in 3-D photonic processors which are based on single-mode waveguide optical horizontal and vertical communication paths. It will provide chip to chip interconnections.
Observation of electron behavior in ambipolar polymer-based light-emitting transistor by optical second harmonic generation (2011)

By using the optical second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement, we directly visualized the carrier behavior leading to carrier recombination and electroluminescence (EL) in ambipolar polymer-based organic light-emitting transistor (OLET) with an active layer of poly 9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiszole (F8BT). Eliminating photoluminescence generated at 560 nm by a two-photon absorption process, the dynamical carrier motion in the F8BT-OLET was visualized by the electric field induced SHG induced at 420 nm. Diffusion-like electron transport that starts from the drain electrode was directly caught as the transits of the SHG images. Accordingly, EL was obtained at the edge of the source electrode. The electron mobility was estimated from the visualized carrier motion as 9.2×10-4cm2/Vs, which was larger than that obtained from the transfer curve of the OLET.
Platform-Agnostic Neural Algorithm Composition using Fugu. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Evaluation of Embryonic and Perinatal Myosin Gene Mutations and the Etiology of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot (2010)

This study further differentiates congenital idiopathic clubfoot as distinct from other complex genetic syndromes that can present with similar deformities, and thus facilitates further research to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot.
Oscillatory Magneto-Optical Effect in a Au (001) Film Deposited on Fe: Experimental Confirmation of a Spin-Polarized Quantum Size Effect (1998)

Magneto-optical response of the wedge-shaped Au ultrathin film grown on an Fe layer was investigated precisely. The magnetic circular dichroism in the reflection configuration oscillates with respect to the Au layer thickness showing superposition of several oscillations with different periods. The energy dependence of the oscillation periods is clearly explained by a concept of the spin-polarized quantum size effect in the Au layer by employing fully relativistic band calculation and electron-electron correlation.
Improvement in reliability of InP‐based HEMTs by suppressing impact ionization (2007)

Abstract The reliability of InP‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) which hold promise as ultrafast transistors for handling the expansion of the communication capacity was investigated, and was shown to be successfully improved by an InP‐based HEMT structure capable of suppressing impact ionization. The structures used are a lattice‐matched composite channel InGaAs/InAlGaAs structure and a double‐doped structure. In the composite channel structure, impact ionization is suppressed because electrons move from InGaAs to InAlGaAs under a high voltage. In the double‐doped structure, the electric field concentration is relaxed and impact ionization is suppressed because the built‐in electric field is small, and the electrons are widely distributed in the channel layer. The results of an aging test at a drain voltage of 2 V and an ambient temperature of 175°C confirmed an improved reliability in both structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(5): 33– 38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20321
Modification of medical implants by plasma immersion ion implantation (2001)

Oximetry is used to quantify the presence of oxygen in soft tissues. It can be expressed as, for example, tissue oxygen saturation (StO<sub>2</sub>), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) and pulsatile oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), among others. Non-invasive medical devices are used to estimate (SaO<sub>2</sub>). Their accuracy is compromised in individuals with highly pigmented skin. The aim of this initial work is to go back few steps into the understanding of the light absorption for the DC component in pulse oximeters, by using a mixtures model for different hypothetical scenarios of normoxia and hyperoxia. Under hypoxic states, an initial and simple multi-wavelength approach could be established to identify the impact of eumelanin (EuM) and pheomelanin (PhM), which are directly related to skin pigmentation in dark skin colour individuals. We used public spectra for water (H<sub>2</sub>O), haemoglobin (HHb), oxy-haemoglobin (HbO<sub>2</sub>), eumelanin and pheomelanin, to create 1000 possible absorption combinations. These spectra simulations were used to understand the hypothetical limits, across a 450-800 nm wavelength range. These results have outlined the maximum oxy-haemoglobin concentrations that can be detected without interfering with eumelanin and pheomelanin. This initial and simple approach helped us to understand how eumelanin and pheomelanin absorption interferes and overlaps with low oxy-haemoglobin, which is a key biomarker for oxygen quantification in pulse oximeters and other non-invasive biomedical devices.
Supplementary Table 6A from AT13148 Is a Novel, Oral Multi-AGC Kinase Inhibitor with Potent Pharmacodynamic and Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 66K, Genes that showed at least a 1.5 Fold Change in at least one treated sample compared to vehicle control and were differentially expressed between the treatment groups (Welch ANOVA FDR5%) for both CCT128930 and AT13148&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluating image reconstruction methods for tumor detection in 3-dimensional whole-body PET oncology imaging. (2003)

We demonstrated the efficacy of performing observer detection studies using the same visualization tools as those used in clinical PET oncology imaging. These studies demonstrated that the FORE+AWOSEM algorithm led to the best overall detection and localization performance for 1-cm-diameter targets compared with the FORE+OSEM and FORE+FBP algorithms.
Investigations on dendrimer space reveal solid and liquid tumor growth-inhibition by original phosphorus-based dendrimers and the corresponding monomers and dendrons with ethacrynic acid motifs (2014)

The well-known reactive diuretic ethacrynic acid (EA, Edecrin), with low antiproliferative activities, was chemically modified and grafted onto phosphorus dendrimers and the corresponding simple branched phosphorus dendron-like derivatives affording novel nanodevices showing moderate to strong antiproliferative activities against liquid and solid tumor cell lines, respectively.
An automated method for discriminating aneugen- vs. clastogen-induced micronuclei (1998)

A flow cytometric (FCM) procedure for quantitating micronucleated reticulocytes in mouse peripheral blood samples was evaluated for its ability to discriminate between aneugen- and clastogen-induced micronuclei (MN). In this experiment, BALB/c mice were injected with 0.9% saline, the model clastogen methyl methanesulfonate (100 mg/kg bw) or the aneugen vincristine (0.2 mg/kg bw). Peripheral blood samples were collected 48 hr after injection and were subsequently fixed and stained for flow cytometric analysis. The staining method utilized FITC-conjugated anti-CD71 to differentially label reticulocytes, and the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide to resolve erythrocyte populations with and without micronuclei. The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes was determined by analyzing 10,000 total reticulocytes per blood sample. A second analysis was performed on each sample whereby the propidium iodide associated fluorescent signals of 250 MN were collected and graphed as a single-parameter histogram. The histogram statistic “median channel” was recorded for each sample and provided a quantitative description of MN distribution according to DNA content. Cumulatively, the results of this study suggest that 1) flow cytometry can be employed to measure the incidence of MN resulting from clastogenic or aneugenic activity, and 2) MN resulting from aneugenscan be discriminated from those arising spontaneously or from clastogen treatment based on flow cytometric analysis of DNA content. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31:340–344, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rotavirus and winter gastro-enteritis in White South African infants. (1977)

In a microbiological investigation of winter gastro-enteritis in 23 White children rotaviruses were found in 14 (61%) and parvovirus-like particles in 1 (4%). Bacteriological examination of stools from 11 of these patients yielded one isolate of Salmonella eastbourne, but no enterotoxigenic or invasive bacteria were found. Rotavirus appears to be the main aetiological agent of acute winter gastro-enteritis in White infants.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Symbol-Level Precoding via Phase Shifter Selection in mmWave MU-MIMO Systems (2020)

We address the symbol-level precoding design problem for the downlink of a multiuser millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output wireless system. We consider a hybrid analog-digital architecture with phase shifter selection where a small-sized baseband precoder is followed by two successive networks of analog on-off switches and variable phase shifters according to a fully-connected structure. We jointly optimize the digital baseband precoder and the states of the switching network on a symbol-level basis, i.e., by exploiting both the channel state information (CSI) and the instantaneous data symbols, while the phase-shifting network is designed only based on the CSI. Our approach to this joint optimization is to minimize the Euclidean distance between the optimal fully-digital and the hybrid symbol-level precoders. It is shown via numerical results that using the proposed approach, up to 50 percent of the phase shifters can be switched off on average, allowing for reductions in the power consumption of the phase-shifting network. Adopting appropriate power consumption models for the analog precoder, our energy efficiency analysis further shows that this power reduction can substantially improve the energy efficiency of the hybrid precoding compared to the fully-digital and the state-of-the-art schemes.
Isotope dilution studies: Determination of carbon-13, nitrogen-15 and deuterium-enriched compounds using capillary gas chromatography—chemical reaction interface/mass spectrometry (1990)

In addition to the ability of a capillary gas chromatographic-chemical reaction interface/mass spectrometric technique (CRIMS) to detect the presence of 13C, 15N and 2H (D) it can also quantify the level of the enriched substance. The microwave-powered chemical reaction interface converts materials from their original forms into small molecules whose mass spectra serve to identify and quantify the nuclides which make up each analyte. The presence of enrichment of each element is followed by monitoring the isotopic variants of CO2, NO or H2 which are produced in the chemical reaction interface. Chromatograms showing only enriched 13C and 15N are produced by subtracting the abundance of naturally occurring isotopes from the observed M + 1 signal. A selective chromatogram of 2H (D) is obtained by measuring HD at m/z 3.0219 with a resolution of 2000. Enrichment of 13C and 15N is quantified by measuring the ratio of excess 13CO2 to total 12CO2 or excess 15NO to total 14NO. To evaluate linearity and detection limits, we have used phenytoin as an example of an unlabeled substance and added various labeled phenytoin analogs. Atom enrichments of 0.3% were detectable for (2,4,5-13C3) phenytoin and 0.06% for (1,3-15N2)labeled phenytoin, each in the presence of 500 ng of unlabeled phenytoin, respectively. For deuterium, enrichment could not be directly determined. However, 1 ng of (ring D10) phenytoin was determined in the presence of 500 ng of unlabeled diethylated phenytoin. We have found CRIMS capable of quantifying 13C-, 15N- and D-enriched substances.
Time To Live (TTL) Guideline for Link-Local-Scope Multicast Packets (2011)

This document specifies the value for the Time-to-Live in an IP packet
that is destined to a link-local scope IP multicast address. These
guidelines may be used for verification purposes.
Machine Learning for Deep Trench Bottom Width Measurements using Scatterometry : AM: Advanced Metrology (2023)

We present a machine learning enhanced metrology method to measure the bottom width of deep trenches (about 42 µm in depth) using optical scatterometry. For this study, 2D line trenches as well as circular 3D trenches with varying trench side-wall angles were investigated. A combination of reference sets from SEM cross-sections, inline CD-SEM as well as depth measurements obtained from reflectance fringes are used to train the machine learning model. The results are cross verified against SEM cross-sections.
Renal carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate in mice, and protection from it by Brazilian propolis and Artepillin C (2000)

The protective effect of Brazilian propolis and its extract Artepillin C against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced renal lipid peroxidation and carcinogenesis was studied in male ddY mice. Fe-NTA-induced renal lipid peroxidation leads to a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in mice. Administration of propolis by gastric intubation 2 h before or Artepillin C at either the same time, 2 h, or 5 h before the intraperitoneal injection of Fe-NTA (7 mg Fe/kg) effectively inhibited renal lipid peroxidation. This was evaluated from the measurement of renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) or histochemical findings of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-modified proteins and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Repeated injection of Fe-NTA (10 mg Fe/kg per day, twice a week for a total of 16 times in 8 weeks) caused subacute nephrotoxicity as revealed by necrosis and pleomorphic large nuclear cells in the renal proximal tubules, and gave rise to RCC 12 months later. A protective effect from carcinogenicity was observed in mice given propolis or Artepillin C. Furthermore, the mice given Fe-NTA only developed multiple cysts composed of precancerous lesions with multilayered and proliferating large atypical cells. Mice treated with propolis and Artepillin C also had cysts, but these were dilated and composed of flat cells. These results suggest that propolis and Artepillin C prevent oxidative renal damage and the carcinogenesis induced by Fe-NTA in mice.
A Hybrid Correspondence Algorithm For Motion Estimation From Range Images (1989)

A hybrid correspondence algorithm is presented to improve a previously developed framework for estimating motion of a moving object from its range image frames. Range images are represented by relational graphs in which a node indicates a view-invariant patch on the object surface and an edge the adjacency of two such patches. To a node, sign of Gaussian curvature and to an edge, distance between centers of mass are assigned as attributes. To estimate motion between consecutive range image frames, a correspondence algorithm is required to detect the largest common subgraph in the two representing relational graphs, i.e. to detect the surface part visible in both range image frames. The developed hybrid algorithm overcomes matching ambiguities for those graphs having a star structure. It combines the advantages of the previously developed correspondence algorithms by considering both the adjacency between a patch and its neighbors and the adjacency among neighbors themselves.
SiC MOSFET threshold voltage stability during power cycling testing and the impact on the result interpretation (2023)

The gate-oxide processing for SiC MOSFET devices is challenging and can lead to pronounced trapping effects at the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{SiC}/\mathbf{SiO}_{2}$</tex> interface, which then can induce threshold voltage instabilities during switching and other long-term tests. This effect can influence the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{R_{DS, on}}$</tex> , if the channel is not completely closed, and also the temperature determination by the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{S}\mathbf{D}}(\mathbf{T})$</tex> method. This paper presents a special measurement circuit for a live threshold voltage measurement during power cycling to study these issues during lifetime testing. The influence on the lifetime determination during power cycling is evaluated and can be in parts neglected for state-of-the-art devices. Even though high temperatures are present, the number of power cycles and respectively the time under a certain gate voltage is not sufficient to induce a reasonable gate threshold shift. For the investigated devices a negative influence on the lifetime testing and results interpretation can hence be ruled out.
Photoacoustic Measurement of Nonlinear Absorption in Solids (1981)

The photoacoustic technique, using a piezoelectric transducer to detect acoustic signals induced in semiconductors by the absorption of light, has been used to measure two-photon absorption. The transducer signal amplitude is directly proportional to the absorbed energy from all absorption processes, nonlinear as well as linear. This signal was monitored as a function of the intensity of single, picosecond, 1.06 μm, pulses. At high intensities, beam depletion was observed, and a direct comparison was made with the sample transmission. The sensitivity of this technique allows nonlinear absorption to be measured at intensities significantly lower than when using transmission. In addition, the advantage of the nonlinear photoacoustic technique over the recently described calorimetric technique is that powerful signal averaging techniques can be used. This is because the absorption at a given intensity can be determined by a single pulse in a few microseconds while calorimetry requires at the least several seconds.
Pre-heated substrate effects on melt-mediated laser crystallization of niti thin films (2008)

Amorphous sputter-deposited NiTi thin films were subjected to pulsed, melt-mediated laser crystallization techniques to engineer their microstructure. The effects of laser processing of pre-heated films are examined. Laser processing of films at an elevated temperature has a significant effect on the rate with which solidification occurs and therefore may be used as an added parameter to control the resulting microstructure. It is seen that the temperature at which processing is carried out has significant implications for the resulting phase and microstructure, and therefore mechanical properties. Furthermore, the microstructural effects of varying incident laser energy density are examined via atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical/shape memory properties are characterized via nanoindentation.
Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics: a convergence of fields (2015)

Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics are popular research topics that have attracted widespread attention from chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers. Here, we introduce the basic concepts and recent histories of electrochemistry, biosensors, and microfluidics, and describe how they are combining to form new application-areas, including so-called "point-of-care" systems in which measurements traditionally performed in a laboratory are moved into the field. We propose that this review can serve both as a useful starting-point for researchers who are new to these topics, as well as being a compendium of the current state-of-the art for experts in these evolving areas.
Supplementary Table S2 from E7386, a Selective Inhibitor of the Interaction between β-Catenin and CBP, Exerts Antitumor Activity in Tumor Models with Activated Canonical Wnt Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The list of DEGs by RNA-Seq analysis&lt;/p&gt;