gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tapered holey fibers for spot-size and numerical-aperture conversion (2001)

Adiabatically tapered holey fibers are shown to be potentially useful for guided-wave spot-size and numerical-aperture conversion. Conditions for adiabaticity and design guidelines are provided in terms of the effective-index model. We also present finite-difference time-domain calculations of downtapered holey fiber, showing that large spot-size conversion factors are obtainable with minimal loss by use of short, optimally shaped tapers.
CRB1Gene Mutations Are Associated with Keratoconus in Patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis (2009)

Although the results cannot exclude other gene mutations, they suggest that LCA patients with a CRB1 mutation may have a particular susceptibility to keratoconus.
Development of environmental control technologies for 157-nm lithography at ASET (2002)

Purging and reduction of out-gassing are very important issues that need to be treated in order to realize F<SUB>2</SUB> laser lithography system. Several methods of purging are tried and out-gases from metals, O-rings, lubricants, and an adhesive are analyzed. Metal surfaces mainly release oxygen and water independent of surface roughness, Ni plating, or elements. Other substances are not detected by API-MS or GC-MS. Since O-rings are indispensable to make gas-tight structures, several kinds of O-rings made of fluoro-compounds are tested. Black fluoro-rubber o-ring, O-ring F, is recommended from the view of organic out-gassing but Teflon-based fluoro-elastomer, O-ring A, is a good candidate in terms of the water out-gassing. Greases emit a large amount of out-gases even when the samples are not irradiated by 157 nm laser. As an adhesive, Adhesive A is recommended because of the fact that it does not release as much organic and inorganic compounds which may absorb 157 nm laser light. Finally preliminary demonstration using a model exposure system is performed to obtain purging time for several cases.
Monitoring Areal And Vertical Sweep And Reservoir Pressure In The Ghawar Field Using Multiprobe Wireline Formation Tester (1998)

Abstract Saudi Aramco's Ghawar Field is a massive carbonate reservoir with sub-zones of varying reservoir quality and has been under flank-water injection. It is a complex reservoir, with thin super permeability layers (10 feet) that are generally stratiform and in some cases fractured, associated with high productivity. Laterally extensive super permeability beds, in good vertical communication with the rest of the oil bearing reservoir, can significantly increase both well productivity and sweep efficiency. However, isolated super permeability layers can cause early water breakthrough, which adversely affects oil recovery as well as increases the field operational cost. Furthermore, large permeability contrasts can complicate effective drainage of lower porosity zones in the lower part of the reservoir that contains about 35 % of the original oil in place. For this field, pressure and saturation monitoring have been key factors in achieving the overall reservoir management objective of maximizing recovery at the lowest cost. Saudi Aramco is currently surveying the key new wells drilled behind the flood front using the multi-probe formation tester for obtaining pressure measurements, performing interval tests, and taking fluid samples along the well-bore. The primary objective of the surveys is to establish whether the super permeability beds as well as the lower porosity zones are introducing differential pressure depletion, which will directly impact the field's completion and production strategy. Obtaining fluid samples across the reservoir zones is also a key part of the surveys, to establish water salinity and movable oil fraction in zones with breakthrough where the injection and formation waters are mixed. Determining the fraction of movable oil in the lower porosity zones, where the conventional open-hole log results are uncertain, is very crucial in optimizing recovery. It is also a powerful method to evaluate the sweep in the lower zones matrix where the diffused fractures density is higher and assist the dynamic interaction between the two systems. The on-going Uhawar Field monitoring has shown that there is good vertical communication in the higher quality zones, at the top of the reservoir and embody the super- permeability thin beds. However, local and reservoir scale barriers as well as differential depletion has been observed towards the base of the reservoir. These barriers have resulted in poor sweep efficiency with zones containing bypassed oil. These zones are now being targeted by dedicated dual vertical-horizontal completions. In this paper, we show that the pressure and saturation monitoring integrated with other dynamic and geological data contribute immensely to obtain the best completion for optimizing oil production and recovery. Furthermore, we also show that in areas of good vertical communication, super permeability is advantageous to the field development, due to its high productivity and large drainage area exposure. P. 111
Totalsynthese von Aurantosid G, einer N‐β‐glycosylierten 3‐Oligoenoyltetramsäure aus Theonella swinhoei (2016)

Abstract Erstmals wurde eine natürliche N‐glycosylierte 3‐Acyltetramsäure synthetisiert. Aurantosid G ist ein tiefroter, in Reinsubstanz höchst empfindlicher Metabolit des Meeresschwammes Theonella swinhoei. Es hat eine chlorsubstituierte Dodecapentaenoyl‐Seitenkette an einer l ‐Asparagin‐abgeleiteten Tetramsäure, deren Lactam‐Stickstoffatom eine β‐konfigurierte d ‐Xylose trägt. Die Seitenkette wurde über konsekutive Wittig‐ und HWE‐Olefinierungen aufgebaut und für die N‐Acylierung eines Asparaginats verwendet, dessen Aminogruppe bereits vorher über eine Fukuyama‐Mitsunobu‐Reaktion mit einer d ‐Xylose verknüpft worden war. In diesem N‐Acylierungsschritt wurde auch die für die fungizide Aktivität essenzielle β‐Konfiguration der Xylose festgelegt, wofür große, elektronenreiche PMB‐Schutzgruppen am Zucker verantwortlich sind. Der Heterocyclus wurde zuletzt quantitativ durch eine basische Lacey‐Dieckmann‐Kondensation eines vollständig entschützten N‐(β‐Ketoacyl)aminosäuresters geschlossen.
Recombinant Pro-Urokinase Requires Heparin for Optimal Clot Lysis and Restoration of Blood Flow in a Canine Femoral Artery Thrombosis Model (1993)

Heparin is often used as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in order to prevent reocclusion of the patent vessels in patients with thrombotic disease. Controversy exists as to whether heparin is required for effective clot lysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator, while in vitro data and small scale clinical trials have suggested an enhancement of pro-urokinase efficacy by heparin. The present study was conducted to determine whether heparin pre-treatment is required to produce optimal clot lysis and blood flow restoration in response to recombinant pro-urokinase (r-proUK). In four groups of dogs, blood clots labelled with 125Iodine were formed in the femoral artery and were monitored continuously for loss of counts as an indicator of clot lysis. Femoral artery blood flow was measured simultaneously. Group 1 received vehicle (n = 5), while group 2 was given vehicle + heparin (n = 6; 500 U bolus + 350 U/h). This dose of heparin increased the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) by at least 1.5 times the control level for the 4 h observation period. Group 3 received r-proUK alone at a dose of 100,000 U/kg (50% given as a 1-min bolus injection, 50% as a 30 min infusion) (n = 8), while group 4 was treated with the same dose of r-proUK in the presence of heparin as described (n = 8).2
New Operational Support System for High Nitrogen Removal in Batch Type Activated Sludge Process Using Intermittent Aeration. (1996)

A new operational support system for high nitrogen removal in the batch type activated sludge process using intermittent aeration has been developed. The system consists of: (i) the index to change the intermittent aeration pattern and (ii) the menu in which several patterns are lined up in the order of total aeration time. If the index becomes out of predetermined range, the system suggests to the operator exchanging the pattern being used for a next upper or lower one. The analysis of the nitrification and denitrification in the batch type activated sludge process using mathematical models lead to the validity to use the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic duration time as the index, and its optimum value was found to be around 1.The index is obtained from the output of a DO meter without complex calculation. The systemshows high nitrogen removal because the balance of nitrification and denitrification is optimizedby keeping the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic duration time around 1, and it has a very practicable advantage because of its simplicity. A laboratory experiment applying the system resulted in good nitrogen removal, indicating the reliability of the system.
Ethnic disparities in medication adherence? A systematic review examining the association between ethnicity and antidiabetic medication adherence (2023)

This review revealed that adherence to antidiabetic medication differed by ethnicity. Further research is needed to explore the ethnicity-related factors that may provide an explanation for these disparities.
Distribution of 13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotype streptococcus pneumoniae in adults 50 Years and Older presenting with community-acquired pneumonia in Israel (2018)

Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is a leading cause of hospitalization in previously healthy individuals without predisposing risk factors or comorbidities. In this study we determined PCV13 serotype distribution in adults aged ≥50 years with radiographically confirmed CAP in Israel.Methods: Subjects aged ≥50 years were enrolled from one of three hospitals (Emek Medical Center, Meir Medical Center and Sheba Medical Center) from March 2014 to July 2015. Information was collected on subject demographics, comorbidities, risk factors, and pneumococcal vaccine immunization status. Subjects presented with suspected CAP supported by radiographic evidence, and provided a urine sample and informed consent. Subjects without radiographic confirmation of CAP or who received PPSV23 within 30 days of study enrollment were excluded from the final analysis. Serotype distribution was performed using the urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay and/or microbiological culture.Results: Overall, 498 subjects with radiographically confirmed CAP were enrolled in the study. Eighty subjects (16.1%) were positive for any S. pneumoniae serotype by ≥1 assay, and 38 (7.6%) were positive for PCV13 serotypes via the UAD. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 1.2%, though S. pneumoniae was not isolated from any case leading to death.Conclusion: Despite six years of high pneumococcal immunization coverage in children in Israel, we have shown that 7.6% of CAP cases among adults in Israel remain related to PCV13 serotypes; and that the burden of PCV13 may be as high as 47% of observed pneumococcal CAP.
Lowering the Interfacial Resistance in Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12|Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Composite Electrolytes (2020)

Ceramic-polymer electrolytes are expected to improve safety, energy density, and power of next-generation battery technologies. The realization of this type of battery is, however, hindered by the high interfacial resistance across the ceramic-polymer interface. Here, we report a surface-modification strategy to lower the interfacial resistance by more than four orders of magnitude. For this purpose, we activate the surface-terminated oxygen of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) particles by plasma etching and functionalize them by immersing the LLZTO particles in a (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (Si-R) solution to form covalently bonded Si-R layers. The Si-Rs are terminated by an epoxy group that reacts with the hydroxyl group of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) via a ring-opening reaction. The modifications improve the screening of the oxygen polarity of LLZTO particles and lower the free volume between both components, resulting in a LLZTO|PEO interface resistance of 500 Ω cm2 at 20°C, the lowest value reported so far to the best of our knowledge.
Effect of NorLeu3‐A(1‐7) on scar formation over time after full‐thickness incision injury in the rat (2005)

Previous studies have shown that the angiotensin peptide NorLeu3-A(1-7) accelerates dermal healing and reduces scar formation. In this report, the effect of this peptide on scar formation is more fully delineated. The effect of surgical day, time after injury, and observer on the clinical appearance of the incision were determined. Clinical observations of incision site, including inflammation, opening of the injury, and appearance of scar, were conducted by two observers blinded to treatment (two observations per time point) twice weekly. Opening of the incision occurred in 35-40% of incisions early (days 4 and 7) after injury. Administration of NorLeu3-A(1-7) at the time of injury reduced the incidence of opening at day 7 to approximately 20%. Further, the length of the wound opening was significantly reduced in the peptide-treated incisions at day 7. Starting on day 14 after injury, scar formation was evaluated. Up to 80-90% of control animals had observable scars starting on day 14. Thereafter, the scar remodeled with fewer incisions having visible scar on day 28. With administration of NorLeu3-A(1-7), significantly fewer incisions had observable scars starting on day 14 and throughout the study. As few as 20% of the incisions had observable scars on day 28. The histological appearance of the healing wound was also evaluated at weekly intervals starting on day 7 and continued until day 42. At day 7, the maximal number of fibroblasts at the wound site was observed. Thereafter, the number gradually reduced, reaching a plateau at day 28. The administration of peptide had no effect on fibroblast number at the incision site. A similar pattern was observed in the thickness of the epidermis with the resolution of the hyperplastic phase at day 21. Administration of the peptide significantly increased epidermal height at day 7. Blood vessel formation peaked on day 21 and 28 in control wounds and was further enhanced by peptide administration during the neovascularization phase. After day 28, blood vessel number was comparable between control and treated incisions. Collagen deposition and remodeling were increased by the administration of NorLeu3-A(1-7) at the time of injury.
Transition Metal Complexes Containing 1,1-Dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Complexes Containing 1,1-Dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolateBeatrice G. Werden, E. Billig, and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 1, 78–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50035a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50035a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of empirical polarity parameters of the cellulose solventN,N-dimethylacetamide/LiCl by means of the solvatochromic technique (1998)

Empirical solvatochromic polarity parameters (α-, β-, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document}, AN and DN, as well as ET(30)-values) for cellulose, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)/LiCl and cellulose dissolved in DMA/LiCl are presented. The following solvent polarity indicators were applied: 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1- pyridinio)-1-phenolate (1), bis(4-N,N-dimethylamino)-benzophenone (MK, 2), iron(II)-di-cyano-bis(1,10)-phenanthroline, Fe(phen)2(CN)2, (3), and copper(II)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylendiamine-acetylacetonate tetraphenylborate/chloride/bromide (Cu(tmen)(acac)+ X− (4)). The solvatochromic shifts (νmax) of the indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4 adsorbed to cellulose or dissolved in DMA/LiCl reflect the corresponding properties of the surrounding, the dipolarity/polarizability (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document}), the hydrogen bond donating ability or Lewis acidity (α), and the hydrogen bond accepting ability or Lewis basicity (β), respectively. Any indicator employed is well characterized (r > 0.97) by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) taking the Kamlet and Taft parameter into account: νmax(indicator) = νmax,0 + s\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document} + aα + bβ. Cellulose, DMA/LiCl, and the cellulose/DMA/LiCl solution approach a similar polarity with an ET(30) parameter about 52 to 53 kcal mol−1. The hypothetical interaction strength parameter (acid-base interactions, dipolar–dipolar interactions) between cellulose and DMA/LiCl are calculated by means of the individual Kamlet–Taft parameters α, β, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document} of cellulose and DMA/LiCl via a multiparameter equation. The specific chloride/cellulose interaction plays a dominant role in the cellulose solvent DMA/LiCl. Comparison of the polarity parameters of DMA/LiCl with the polarity parameters of other mixtures—such as N,N-dimethyl- formamide/LiCl, DMA/NaCl, or DMA/LiBr—are presented as well. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1945–1955, 1998
Siloxane Hybrid Material-Encapsulated Highly Robust Flexible μLEDs for Biocompatible Lighting Applications (2022)

Flexible micro-light-emitting diodes (f-μLEDs) have been regarded as an attractive light source for the next-generation human-machine interfaces, thanks to their noticeable optoelectronic performances. However, when it comes to their practical utilizations fulfilling industrial standards, there have been unsolved reliability and durability issues of the f-μLEDs, despite previous developments in the high-performance f-μLEDs for various applications. Herein, highly robust flexible μLEDs (f-HμLEDs) with 20 × 20 arrays, which are realized by a siloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid material (SHM), are reported. The f-HμLEDs are created by combining the f-μLED fabrication process with SHM synthesis procedures (i.e., sol-gel reaction and successive photocuring). The outstanding mechanical, thermal, and environmental stabilities of our f-HμLEDs are confirmed by a host of experimental and theoretical examinations, including a bending fatigue test (10<sup>5</sup> bending/unbending cycles), a lifetime accelerated stress test (85 °C and 85% relative humidity), and finite element method simulations. Eventually, to demonstrate the potential of our f-HμLEDs for practical applications of flexible displays and/or biomedical devices, their white light emission due to quantum dot-based color conversion of blue light emitted by GaN-based f-HμLEDs is demonstrated, and the biocompatibility of our f-HμLEDs is confirmed via cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests with muscle, bone, and neuron cell lines. As far as we can tell, this work is the first demonstration of the flexible μLED encapsulation platform based on the SHM, which proved its mechanical, thermal, and environmental stabilities and biocompatibility, enabling us to envisage biomedical and/or flexible display applications using our f-HμLEDs.
Effects of propranolol therapy on platelet release and prostaglandin generation in patients with coronary heart disease. (1982)

Suppression of platelet function is thought to be a mechanism of propranolol's beneficial action in angina pectoris. To study the effects of propranolol on platelets, we measured plasma beta thromboglobulin and plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2, stable metabolite of TXA2) levels by radioimmunoassay as indexes of platelet alpha-granule and TXA2 release, respectively. Platelet TXA2 generation in vitro in response to arachidonate and thrombin was also quantitated. Twenty-nine patients with coronary disease -- 15 not taking propranolol (group A) and 14 taking propranolol (group B) -- and 15 normal subjects were studied. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels were increased in group A and B patients (mean 63 +/- 8 and 96 +/- 14 ng/ml, respectively) compared with normal subjects (mean 46 +/- 6 ng/ml). Plasma TXB2 levels were similar in group A and B patients and in normal subjects (mean 148 +/- 41, 149 +/- 36 and 216 +/- 39 pg/ml). Arachidonate-induced platelet TXA2 generation was significantly higher in group A patients than in normal subjects (725 +/- 393 vs 82 +/- 25 pg TXB2/10(8) platelets, p less than 0.001). In contrast, platelets from group B patients had very low TXA2 generation (mean 21 +/- 18 pg) compared with platelets from group A patients or normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Similar results were obtained using thrombin. These data show that propranolol therapy does not affect platelet-released beta thromboglobulin or TXA2 at rest, but significantly reduces the capability of platelets to generate TXA2 in vitro. Reduction in platelet TXA2 generation may be an important mechanism of action of propranolol in patients with coronary artery disease.
A Finite Element Analysis of the Thermomechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Composites (1991)

Many problems remain unsolved regarding part and mold design for fiber reinforced composites. The thermomechanical processes occur during the mold filling, curing and mold removal stages when compression molding fiber reinforced parts are not very well understood. Irregular thermomechanical properties lead to parts that are warped and that have sink marks and surface waviness. This paper discusses thermomechanical material properties and the theory behind shrinkage and warpage in short fiber reinforced composites. It also presents a thermomechanical process simulation of compression mold ing of short fiber reinforced parts. The simulation is compared to experiments. Numerical experimentation with the simulation program gives us insight into the effect that process ing conditions have on shrinkage and warpage.
A General Approach to Chemo‐ and Regioselective Cyclotrimerization Reactions (2007)

Heterocyclen aus der Mikrowelle: Die Cobalt-katalysierte [2+2+2]-Cyclotrimerisierung von Nitrilderivaten mit Diinen an einem festen Träger unter Mikrowellenbestrahlung eröffnet einen allgemeinen Zugang zu Pyridinen, Pyridonen und Iminopyridinen. Die Reaktion verläuft vollständig chemo- und regioselektiv, und die Produkte werden in ausgezeichneter Ausbeute und hoher Reinheit erhalten. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z700802_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.