gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface enhancement of lanthanide emission (2005)

Luminescent emission from lanthanide complexes on silver island films has been studied. Silver films with and without silica spacer layers have been prepared chemically and by thermal vacuum deposition. Enhancement of emission from lanthanide complexes on silver compared to that on bare glass depends on the optical density of the silver films (silver coverage) and sample coverage. A silica spacer layer reduces the number of molecules in quenching regions of the film and leads to better enhancement. Lanthanides with lower quantum efficiencies are expected to exhibit greater enhancement factors and our preliminary results are consistent with that prediction.
Estrogen Mediated-Activation of miR-191/425 Cluster Modulates Tumorigenicity of Breast Cancer Cells Depending on Estrogen Receptor Status (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded non-coding RNAs, influence myriad biological processes that can contribute to cancer. Although tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions have been characterized for some miRNAs, the majority of microRNAs have not been investigated for their ability to promote and modulate tumorigenesis. Here, we established that the miR-191/425 cluster is transcriptionally dependent on the host gene, DALRD3, and that the hormone 17β-estradiol (estrogen or E2) controls expression of both miR-191/425 and DALRD3. MiR-191/425 locus characterization revealed that the recruitment of estrogen receptor α (ERα) to the regulatory region of the miR-191/425-DALRD3 unit resulted in the accumulation of miR-191 and miR-425 and subsequent decrease in DALRD3 expression levels. We demonstrated that miR-191 protects ERα positive breast cancer cells from hormone starvation-induced apoptosis through the suppression of tumor-suppressor EGR1. Furthermore, enforced expression of the miR-191/425 cluster in aggressive breast cancer cells altered global gene expression profiles and enabled us to identify important tumor promoting genes, including SATB1, CCND2, and FSCN1, as targets of miR-191 and miR-425. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-191 and miR-425 reduced proliferation, impaired tumorigenesis and metastasis, and increased expression of epithelial markers in aggressive breast cancer cells. Our data provide compelling evidence for the transcriptional regulation of the miR-191/425 cluster and for its context-specific biological determinants in breast cancers. Importantly, we demonstrated that the miR-191/425 cluster, by reducing the expression of an extensive network of genes, has a fundamental impact on cancer initiation and progression of breast cancer cells.
Understanding User Behavior For Document Recommendation (2020)

Personalized document recommendation systems aim to provide users with a quick shortcut to the documents they may want to access next, usually with an explanation about why the document is recommended. Previous work explored various methods for better recommendations and better explanations in different domains. However, there are few efforts that closely study how users react to the recommended items in a document recommendation scenario. We conducted a large-scale log study of users' interaction behavior with the explainable recommendation on one of the largest cloud document platforms office.com. Our analysis reveals a number of factors, including display position, file type, authorship, recency of last access, and most importantly, the recommendation explanations, that are associated with whether users will recognize or open the recommended documents. Moreover, we specifically focus on explanations and conduct an online experiment to investigate the influence of different explanations on user behavior. Our analysis indicates that the recommendations help users access their documents significantly faster, but sometimes users miss a recommendation and resort to other more complicated methods to open the documents. Our results suggest opportunities to improve explanations and more generally the design of systems that provide and explain recommendations for documents.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Gold: Monolayers Derived From Two Components with Alkane Chains of Different Lengths (1992)

Abstract : This paper describes the preparation and wetting properties of two-component self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) obtained by the competitive adsorption of one short-chain (HS(CH2)1OSh) and one long-chain (HS(CH2)21LG) alkanethiol onto gold from dilute ethanolic solutions. The four possible combinations of the tail groups CH3 and CH20H were investigated: Sh = CH3/Lg = CH20H, Sh = CH2OH/Lg = CH3, SH = CH2OH/Lg = CH2OH, and Sh = CH3/Lg = CH3. The compositions of these SAMs are not the same as the compositions of the solutions from which they were formed, and the relationship between these compositions suggests that the SAMs have partially phase separated. Contact angles with water and hexadecane, however, show that significant disorder still remains in the interfacial region.
Influence of Nanostructure Morphology on Host Capacity and Kinetics of Guest Release (2011)

Morphology-dependent drug loading capacities and release kinetics are observed from pH-responsive diblock copolymer-based nano-objects, derived from the same block copolymer precursor. Shell-crosslinked, rod-shaped nanostructures exhibit a higher doxorubicin-loading capacity and rate of release than do their spherical counterparts. The extent of crosslinking and the type of crosslinker is also demonstrated to affect the rate of release.
Coating (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation in Pacemaker Recipients: Incidence, Progression, and Determinants Based on the Atrial High Rate Trial (2007)

The incidence of AT in pacemaker recipients is high. Most device-detected AHRE are asymptomatic. Prior history of AT is associated with higher arrhythmia burden. AHRE diagnostics have a high positive predictive value for identifying AT events.
In Vivo Assembly of Nanoparticles Achieved through Synergy of Structure‐Based Protein Engineering and Synthetic DNA Generates Enhanced Adaptive Immunity (2020)

Nanotechnologies are considered to be of growing importance to the vaccine field. Through decoration of immunogens on multivalent nanoparticles, designed nanovaccines can elicit improved humoral immunity. However, significant practical and monetary challenges in large-scale production of nanovaccines have impeded their widespread clinical translation. Here, an alternative approach is illustrated integrating computational protein modeling and adaptive electroporation-mediated synthetic DNA delivery, thus enabling direct in vivo production of nanovaccines. DNA-launched nanoparticles are demonstrated displaying an HIV immunogen spontaneously self-assembled in vivo. DNA-launched nanovaccines induce stronger humoral responses than their monomeric counterparts in both mice and guinea pigs, and uniquely elicit CD8+ effector T-cell immunity as compared to recombinant protein nanovaccines. Improvements in vaccine responses recapitulate when DNA-launched nanovaccines with alternative scaffolds and decorated antigen are designed and evaluated. Finally, evaluation of functional immune responses induced by DLnanovaccines demonstrates that, in comparison to control mice or mice immunized with DNA-encoded hemagglutinin monomer, mice immunized with a DNA-launched hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccine fully survive a lethal influenza challenge, and have substantially lower viral load, weight loss, and influenza-induced lung pathology. Additional study of these next-generation in vivo-produced nanovaccines may offer advantages for immunization against multiple disease targets.
Efficient Distributed Linear Classification Algorithms via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (2012)

Linear classification has demonstrated success in many areas of applications. Modern algorithms for linear classification can train reasonably good models while going through the data in only tens of rounds. However, large data often does not fit in the memory of a single machine, which makes the bottleneck in large-scale learning the disk I/O, not the CPU. Following this observation, Yu et al. (2010) made significant progress in reducing disk usage, and their algorithms now outperform LIBLINEAR. In this paper, rather than optimizing algorithms on a single machine, we propose and implement distributed algorithms that achieve parallel disk loading and access the disk only once. Our large-scale learning algorithms are based on the framework of alternating direction methods of multipliers. The framework derives a subproblem that remains to be solved efficiently for which we propose using dual coordinate descent and trust region Newton method. Our experimental evaluations on large datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve significant speedup over the classifier proposed by Yu et al. running on a single machine. Our algorithms are faster than existing distributed solvers, such as Zinkevich et al. (2010)’s parallel stochastic gradient descent and Vowpal Wabbit. 1
Vertical-via interconnection for infrared antennas (2006)

The authors present fabrication process details and test data for a vertical-via interconnection suitable for low-frequency signal extraction from infrared antenna-coupled sensors. Electrical readout of the signal from an antenna-coupled bolometer was accomplished using two 300nm diameter Au via structures that extended 300nm in the vertical direction. These vertical vias passed through two isolation layers of SiO2 and through a 1500×600nm2 cutout in a ground plane. Electromagnetic isolation of the antenna from its associated electrical-readout bondpads at 28.3THz in the infrared was demonstrated by mapping the two-dimensional spatial response of the antenna and comparing it to spatial response data from a similar structure without the intervening ground plane.
Vapor Pressure, Vapor Density, and Liquid Density for 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b) (1997)

This paper presents measurements of vapor pressures from 250 K to 450 K, liquid densities from 180 K to 370 K at pressures up to 70 MPa, vapor densities at 400 K at pressures up to 1 MPa, and the critical temperature for 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b). The derived second and third virial coefficients at 400 K are −459.5 × 10-6 m3·mol-1 and 1.93 × 10-8 m6·mol-2. Extrapolating the observed vapor pressures to the measured critical temperature (477.5 ± 0.4) K provides a critical pressure of (4.194 ± 0.002) MPa. Using these values with the law of rectilinear diameters indicates a critical density of (3921 ± 6) mol·m-3. Correlations provide values which agree with the measured values for liquid densities within ±0.1% and vapor pressures within ±0.05%. All uncertainties reported in the paper are 3σ.
Toll-like receptor 4 modulation influences human neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation (2018)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation is pivotal to innate immunity and has been shown to regulate proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in vivo. Here we study the role of TLR4 in regulating hNSC derived from the human telencephalic-diencephalic area of the fetal brain and cultured in vitro as neurospheres in compliance with Good Manifacture Procedures (GMP) guidelines. Similar batches have been used in recent clinical trials in ALS patients. We found that TLR2 and 4 are expressed in hNSCs as well as CD14 and MD-2 co-receptors, and TLR4 expression is downregulated upon differentiation. Activation of TLR4 signaling by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a positive effect on proliferation and/or survival while the inverse is observed with TLR4 inhibition by a synthetic antagonist. TLR4 activation promotes neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation and/or survival while TLR4 inhibition leads to increased apoptosis. Consistently, endogenous expression of TLR4 is retained by hNSC surviving after transplantation in ALS rats or immunocompromised mice, thus irrespectively of the neuroinflammatory environment. The characterization of downstream signaling of TLR4 in hNSCs has suggested some activation of the inflammasome pathway. This study suggests TLR4 signaling as essential for hNSC self-renewal and as a novel target for the study of neurogenetic mechanisms.
The IBM zEnterprise-196 Decimal Floating-Point Accelerator (2011)

Decimal floating-point Arithmetic is widely used in commercial computing applications, such as financial transactions, where rounding errors prevent the use of binary floating-point operations. The revised IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE-754-2008) defined standardized decimal floating-point (DFP) formats. As more software applications adopt the IEEE decimal floating-point standard, hardware accelerators that support it are becoming more prevalent. This paper describes the second generation decimal floating-point accelerator implemented on the IBM zEnterprise-196 processor. The 4-cycle deep pipeline was designed to optimize the latency of fixed-point decimal operations while significantly improving the bandwidth of DFP operations. A detailed description of the unit and a comparison to previous implementations found in literature is provided.
Modeling and feedforward compensation of air mounts with internal Helmholtz resonances (2016)

This paper presents a disturbance feedforward control strategy for active vibration isolation systems with internal air mount dynamics. First, a parametric model of an air mount system including a Helmholtz resonance is derived, which is an extension to the widely used massless spring-damper models for vibration isolators. Second, a self-tuning feedforward controller is proposed that fine-tunes the parameters of the model online. This refers to zeros only because the poles of the resulting controller are fixed in orthonormal basis functions to obtain preferable convergence properties. Simulations show the effectiveness of the control strategy and the sensitivity for estimation errors in the poles. It is shown that disturbance rejection can be improved up to 40 dB by taking into account the internal air mount dynamics in the feedforward controller.
Contrast computation methods for interferometric measurement of sensor modulation transfer function (2018)

Accurate measurement of image-sensor frequency response over a wide range of spatial frequencies is very important for analyzing pixel array characteristics, such as modulation transfer function (MTF), crosstalk, and active pixel shape. Such analysis is especially significant in computational photography for the purposes of deconvolution, multi-image superresolution, and improved light-field capture. We use a lensless interferometric setup that produces high-quality fringes for measuring MTF over a wide range of frequencies (here, 37 to 434 line pairs per mm). We discuss the theoretical framework, involving Michelson and Fourier contrast measurement of the MTF, addressing phase alignment problems using a moir pattern. We solidify the definition of Fourier contrast mathematically and compare it to Michelson contrast. Our interferometric measurement method shows high detail in the MTF, especially at high frequencies (above Nyquist frequency). We are able to estimate active pixel size and pixel pitch from measurements. We compare both simulation and experimental MTF results to a lensfree slanted-edge implementation using commercial software.
Optical injection locking of a singly resonantcontinuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (2013)

We report on experimental realization of optical injection locking of a singly resonant continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a thermally induced waveguide in a magnesium-oxide doped periodically poled lithium niobate. An external cavity diode laser is used to control the frequency of the resonant signal output of the OPO at 795 nm. The key to successful injection locking was the improvement of the OPO spatial modes by a special operating condition with a thermally induced waveguide. The phase coherence of injection locking is confirmed by recording a high-contrast interference fringe between the injection laser and the OPO output. High-resolution measurement of the frequency spectrum of the nonresonant idler output by the delayed self-heterodyne technique shows that the spectral linewidth of the OPO is reduced from 4.5 to 0.4 MHz by injection locking. The full locking range is assumed to be less than 1.7 MHz.
Using image entropy maximum for auto exposure (2011)

To achieve auto exposure in digital cameras, image brightness is widely used because of its direct relationship with exposure value. To use image entropy as an alternative statistic to image brightness, it is required to establish how image entropy changes as exposure value is varied. This paper presents a mathematical proof along with experimental verification results to show that image entropy reaches a maximum value as exposure value is varied by changing shutter speed or aperture size.
A nonsense mutation due to a single base insertion in the 3′-coding region of glycogen debranching enzyme gene associated with a severe phenotype in a patient with glycogen storage disease type IIIa (1997)

Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD-III) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from deficient glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) activity. A child with GDE deficient in both liver and muscle (GSD-IIIa) had recurrent hypoglycemia, seizures, severe cardiomegaly, and hepatomegaly and died at 4 years of age. Analysis of the GDE gene in this child by single-strand conformation polymorphism, followed by direct DNA sequencing and restriction analysis, revealed an insertion of a nucleotide A into position 4529 of the GDE cDNA (4529insA). This insertion resulted in substitution of a tyrosine to a stop codon at amino acid 1510 (Y1510X). The 4529insA mutation appeared to be homozygous in this patient and was not found in 20 unrelated controls or 18 other GSD-III patients (14 GSD-IIIa and 4 GSD-IIIb). This is the first identification of a disease mutation in this gene, and the data suggest that homozygous 4529insA may be associated with a severe phenotype in GSD-IIIa.
Wideband 1-Bit Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulator Using Elliptic Filter in Noise Transfer Function (2022)

A 1-bit band-pass delta-sigma modulator (BP-DSM), which utilizes oversampling technology, allows a modulated signal to be directly output by using a high-speed 1-bit digital pulse train, thus realizing miniaturization of transmitters. For 1-bit BP-DSM, the noise transfer function (NTF) is used to suppress quantization noise power in the transmission band and a guideline of out-of-band gain of |NTF|&#x003C; 1.5 is used to prevent oscillation. However, in previous studies, such as Butterworth and inverse Chebyshev filters, the out-of-band gain was designed indirectly by tuning the zeros and poles in the transmission band and thus, was not stabilized sufficiently. Furthermore, even though the zeros of the NTF are identical to the poles of the loop filter, there are still widely used designs in which the zeros are set on the unit circle, making stabilization quite difficult. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a feasible implementation of the NTF for 1-bit BP-DSM with an elliptic filter that can be used to set not only in-band but also out-of-band gain, in which both the zeros and poles are set inside the unit circle. As a design result, a modulation bandwidth of 400 MHz as a relative bandwidth of 11%, a noise suppression bandwidth of 800 MHz, and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio of 50 dB were achieved at a center frequency of 3.6 GHz, enabling a wider bandwidth and higher SNR than before by improving the stability.
Search for Dark Matter Candidates and Large Extra Dimensions in Events with a Photon and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp Collision Data at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector (2012)

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM
Viral Packaging and Cell Culture for CRISPR-Based Screens (2016)

This protocol describes how to perform the tissue culture and high-throughput sequencing library preparation for a CRISPR-based screen. First, pantropic lentivirus is prepared from a single guide RNA (sgRNA) plasmid pool and applied to the target cells. Following antibiotic selection and a harvest of the initial population, cells are then cultured under the desired screening condition(s) for 14 population doublings. The sgRNA barcode sequences integrated in the genomic DNA of each cell population are amplified and subject to high-throughput sequencing. Guidelines for downstream analysis of the sequencing data are also provided.
Investigation of NEV Au++ implanted silicon (1990)

There has recently been increasing use of MeV ion beams for materials modification. When compared to more common lower, keV-energy implantation, MeV-ion irradiation has a broader variation in the type of damage along the ion path. This is because of the more significant difference between damage and range distributions in the case of MeV implants as opposed to keV implants. Previous works showed that MeV-implanted Si-ions react differently with various types of lattice damage in silicon; interactions range from simple point-defect annihilation to the formation of extended defects. Earlier investigations of Au implanted into previously amorphized silicon have observed Au segregation as a result of its being expelled from the recrystallizing amorphous layer during ion-beam irradiation. In this study, the interaction of MeV Au ++ atoms with the different types of damage produced along the MeV-ion beam path is investigated. Silicon (100) single crystal wafers were given a HF dip and were then mounted on a copper sample stage; the stage functions as a heat-sink. The stage together with the specimen was then placed in a Tandem ion-implanter. The specimens were implanted with gold; implant-energies varied from 1.8 - 4.4 MeV and fluences ranged between 0.1 - 10×10 16 Au ++ /cm 2 .