gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local and global integration in spatial localization (1991)

E. Herring (1899) proposed that spatial integration is important for precise spatial localization. To investigate the role of spatial integration in foveal spatial hyperacuity, we measured three line bisection threshold. The center horizontal test line was also continuous (100% sampled), while the outer reference lines were randomly undersampled by different percentages. We varied the interline separation, line length, sample size, sampling percentage and line contrast. Our results suggest that there are two independent forms of spatial integration in spatial localization: local integration, this was revealed by varying the percentage of samples; and global integration, this is seen by varying the line length. These two forms of integration show the following properties: (1) local integration has a steeper slope (on a log-log plot of threshold vs sampling percentage) and is much more efficient than global integration; (2) integration occurs even when the effect of reduced sampling on stimulus visibility is accounted for; (3) integration saturates; the saturation point depends on interline separation. Our results suggest that there exist two independent local and global integration mechanisms and both contribute to the achievement of precise spatial localization in the human visual system.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Empowered Cooperative Rate Splitting with User Relaying (2022)

Cooperative rate splitting (CRS), built upon rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) and opportunistic user relaying, has been recognized as a promising transmission strategy to enhance the user fairness and spectral efficiency in multi-antenna broadcast channels. To further boost its performance, the interplay of CRS and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is investigated in this work. Specifically, a novel RIS-aided CRS transmission framework is proposed and the corresponding resource allocation problem to maximize the minimum rate among users is investigated. An alternative optimization algorithm is then proposed to optimize the transmit beamforming, common rate allocation, and RIS phases, iteratively. Numerical results show that the proposed RIS-aided CRS transmission framework significantly improves the spectral efficiency compared with its non-cooperative counterpart and other schemes without RIS.
Vision-based motion planning and exploration algorithms for mobile robots (1998)

This paper considers the problem of systematically exploring an unfamiliar environment in search of one or more recognizable targets. The proposed exploration algorithm is based on a novel representation of environments containing visual landmarks, called the boundary place graph. This representation records the set of recognizable objects (landmarks) that are visible from the boundary of each configuration space obstacle. The exploration algorithm constructs the boundary place graph incrementally from sensor data. Once the robot has completely explored an environment, it can use the constructed representation to carry out further navigation tasks. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which the algorithm is guaranteed to discover all landmarks. This algorithm has been implemented on our mobile robot platform RJ, and results from these experiments are presented.
Leveraging SDN layering to systematically troubleshoot networks (2013)

Today's networks are maintained by "masters of complexity": network admins who have accumulated the wisdom to troubleshoot complex problems, despite a limiting toolset. This position paper advocates a more structured troubleshooting approach that leverages architectural layering in Software-Defined Networks (SDNs). In all networks, high-level intent (policy) must correctly map to low-level forwarding behavior (hardware configuration). In SDNs, intent is explicitly expressed, forwarding semantics are explicitly defined, and each architectural layer fully specifies the behavior of the network. Building on these observations, we show how recently-developed troubleshooting tools fit into a coherent workflow that detects mistranslations between layers to precisely localize sources of errant control logic. Our goals are to explain the overall picture, show how the pieces fit together to enable a systematic workflow, and highlight the questions that remain. Once this workflow is realized, network admins can formally verify that their network is operating correctly, automatically troubleshoot bugs, and systematically track down their root cause -- freeing admins to fix problems, rather than diagnose their symptoms.
Elastomeric binary phase gratings for measuring acceleration, displacement, strain, and stress (1996)

This article describes the fabrication and operating principles of a device suitable for measuring displacements, stresses, strains, accelerations, and forces. The device consists of an elastomeric material with a surface relief diffraction grating embossed on its surface. Mechanical compression of this element changes the way that it diffracts light. This article also describes designs and performance characteristics of simple accelerometers and pressure sensors based on these devices.
Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator Employing $ \hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Windings Both on Rotor and Stator (2013)

Compact and lightweight direct-drive generators in large rating are desired for offshore wind farm applications. A key goal for such generators is that they be manufactured and tested in a factory and shipped to the site as fully assembled units. A possible approach to achieving this goal is to construct both rotor and stator windings with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. The magnesium diboride (MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) superconductor wire currently becoming available with properties suitable for application in large rotating machines appears to be the most cost-effective option for such machines. This paper presents a design concept for a 10-MW 10-r/min generator using MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> wire for both rotor and stator coils. The concept design includes ambient-temperature magnetic iron on both the rotor and the stator. The field winding on the rotor employs race-track-shaped excitation coils operating at 20 K. The armature winding on the stator also uses race track coils operating at 20 K. All coils employ round cables build with commercially available MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> wire. Coils are cooled with available off-the-shelf cryocoolers. The concept the 10-MW generator is expected to be less than 5 m in diameter, less than 2 m in axial length, weigh around 52 000 kg, and cost about $3.2 million (including the cost of power electronics).
Chemical Synthesis of an Erythropoietin Glycoform Having a Triantennary N-Glycan: Significant Change of Biological Activity of Glycoprotein by Addition of a Small Molecular Weight Trisaccharide (2020)

The glycosylation of proteins contributes to the modulation of the structure and biological activity of glycoproteins. Asparagine-linked glycans (<i>N</i>-glycans) of glycoproteins naturally exhibit diverse antennary patterns, such as bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary forms. However, there are no chemical or biological methods to obtain homogeneous glycoproteins via the intentional alteration of the antennary form of <i>N</i>-glycans. Thus, the functions of the individual antennary form of <i>N</i>-glycan at a molecular level remain unclear. Herein, we report the chemical synthesis of an erythropoietin (EPO) glycoform having a triantennary sialylglycan at position 83, as well as two biantennary sialylglycans at both positions 24 and 38. We demonstrated efficient liquid-phase condensation reactions to prepare a sialylglycopeptide having a triantennary <i>N</i>-glycan prepared by the addition of a Neu5Ac-α-2,6-Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc element to the biantennary glycan under semisynthetic conditions. The molecular weight of the newly added antennary element was ∼3% of the EPO glycoform, and the introduced position was the most distant from the bioactive protein. However, in vivo assays using mice revealed that the additional antennary element at position 83 dramatically increased the hematopoietic activity compared to a commercially available native EPO. These unprecedented data clearly indicate that the antennary pattern of <i>N</i>-glycans inherently plays a critical role in the modulation of protein functions.
Fluid Dynamics Analysis by CT Imaging Technique of New Sorbent Cartridges for Extracorporeal Therapies (2019)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Recent innovations in biomaterials technology have led to the development of innovative sorbents adopted as adsorbing devices in the field of extracorporeal blood purification therapies. As removal mechanism, adsorption allows to remove specific molecules, selectively binding them to sorbent materials. In addition to the material properties, a quintessential aspect influencing device properties is blood flow distribution within the sorbent particles. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In order to adequately characterize the potential adsorbing properties for an effective blood purification therapy, an in vitro study assessing the fluid dynamics inside 3 new cartridges, HA130, HA230 and HA330 (Jafron, Zhuhai City, ­China) was conducted through CT imaging technique. ­&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The cartridges were placed in vertical position in the CT ­gantry. Dye solution was circulated through the cartridges at 250 mL/min, longitudinal sections, 0.5 cm thick, were recorded for 60 s. Furthermore, an in vitro test was conducted to build pressure drop profiles. Blood was circulated at a different flow rate, 100–400 mL/min, step 50 mL/min. Pre and post cartridges pressures were acquired and pressure drop calculated. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Sequential images demonstrated an excellent distribution of the flow inside the cartridges. Average flow velocity was 0.37 cm/s for the 3 cartridges. HA130 had a homogeneous flow profile along the entire length of the device; HA230 and HA330 showed minimal differences between central and peripheral regions. Pressure drop profiles resulted linear, increasing proportionally with blood flow rate and packing density. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We may conclude that the structural and functional design of the studied cartridges is adequate for haemoperfusion with no channelling phenomena. This ensures maximum and optimal utilization of the sorbent contained in the devices.
Word processing and graphics (1981)

During the past two years, the University of Scranton has experienced a tremendous growth of interest in both word processing and in computer graphics. In both cases we still had the age-old problem of user requests for use of equipment whose capabilities they failed to understand. Our handling of word processing was different from our handling of graphics for a variety of reasons. However, in both cases we have achieved satisfactory results in that we have set a reasonable direction for good user services. With word processing, the users were more directly involved in the equipment selection process while with graphics, because of the diversity of user requests, users were not directly involved in equipment purchases. In this paper we present our experiences with our attempts to control problems associated with these new technologies.
Probabilistic Bounds on the Impact of Potential Data Integrity Attacks in Microgrids (2019)

Microgrids are being increasingly adopted in electric power distribution systems to facilitate distributed energy resource integration and to provide resilient operations. Modern microgrids rely on sophisticated cyber communications and controls to maintain stable operation. Attacks on this cyber infrastructure can cause the system to undertake a potentially destabilizing control action. In this work, we present the results of a reachability analysis in which we determine whether a potential attack vector can result in actions that make an unstable state "reachable" in some time interval from the current state. Specifically, our analysis must be executed on a timescale that heads off the destabilizing system states due to malicious attacks. To that end, we propose a sensitivity analysis that assesses the worst-case impact of attack scenarios of interest while identifying reachable unstable states in the required time budget. This concept can be used to develop a tool to support DER control decisions under adverse conditions. Numerical tests are provided to validate the effectiveness of the attack reachability analysis.
Code Smells in Machine Learning Systems (2022)

As Deep learning (DL) systems continuously evolve and grow, assuring their quality becomes an important yet challenging task. Compared to non-DL systems, DL systems have more complex team compositions and heavier data dependency. These inherent characteristics would potentially cause DL systems to be more vulnerable to bugs and, in the long run, to maintenance issues. Code smells are empirically tested as efficient indicators of non-DL systems. Therefore, we took a step forward into identifying code smells, and understanding their impact on maintenance in this comprehensive study. This is the first study on investigating code smells in the context of DL software systems, which helps researchers and practitioners to get a first look at what kind of maintenance modification made and what code smells developers have been dealing with. Our paper has three major contributions. First, we comprehensively investigated the maintenance modifications that have been made by DL developers via studying the evolution of DL systems, and we identified nine frequently occurred maintenance-related modification categories in DL systems. Second, we summarized five code smells in DL systems. Third, we validated the prevalence, and the impact of our newly identified code smells through a mixture of qualitative and quantitative analysis. We found that our newly identified code smells are prevalent and impactful on the maintenance of DL systems from the developer's perspective.
Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safe for Patients with Neurostimulation Systems Used for Deep Brain Stimulation? (2005)

Rezai, Ali R. M.D.; Baker, Kenneth B. Ph.D.; Tkach, Jean A. Ph.D.; Phillips, Michael M.D.; Hrdlicka, Greg B.S.E.E.; Sharan, Ashwini D. M.D.; Nyenhuis, John Ph.D.; Ruggieri, Paul M.D.; Shellock, Frank G. Ph.D.; Henderson, Jaimie M.D. Author Information
Virus et création artistique (2011)

abc.2011.0521 Auteur(s) : Xavier Derache, Emmanuelle Devaux, Didier Hober didier.hober@chru-lille.fr Laboratoire de virologie/EA3610, Universite Lille 2, Faculte de Medecine, CHRU Lille, Institut Hippocrate, Parc Eurasante, Loos Lez Lille Le cinema, la litterature, la musique, la peinture s’interessent aux virus et aux maladies qu’ils provoquent. Depuis la decouverte de cette entite, cineastes, ecrivains et autres artistes placent le virus au centre de leurs œuvres et en font un [...]
Magnetic field activated drug delivery using thermodegradable azo-functionalised PEG-coated core–shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2015)

Core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with a new thermodegradable polymer allowed the release of a model drug through heating caused by a high frequency oscillating magnetic field. The thermodegradable polymer was made of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalised with azo bonds that break with an elevation of temperature.
Solid-state light phase detector (2004)

Different approaches have been proposed and recently carried out experimentally to measure the value of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a powerful (> 1 /spl mu/J) few-cycle pulse: generation of high harmonics and above-threshold ionization in gases. We demonstrate for the first time that electron emission from a gold surface induced by 4-fs 3 nJ pulse is sensitive to the timing of electric field oscillations with respect to the pulse peak and use this sensitivity for measuring the light field's oscillation phase at the pulse peak in low-energy laser pulses.
Generation and Characterization of ALX-0171, a Potent Novel Therapeutic Nanobody for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2015)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important causative agent of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and elderly individuals. Its fusion (F) protein is critical for virus infection. It is targeted by several investigational antivirals and by palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody used prophylactically in infants considered at high risk of severe RSV disease. ALX-0171 is a trimeric Nanobody that binds the antigenic site II of RSV F protein with subnanomolar affinity. ALX-0171 demonstrated in vitro neutralization superior to that of palivizumab against prototypic RSV subtype A and B strains. Moreover, ALX-0171 completely blocked replication to below the limit of detection for 87% of the viruses tested, whereas palivizumab did so for 18% of the viruses tested at a fixed concentration. Importantly, ALX-0171 was highly effective in reducing both nasal and lung RSV titers when delivered prophylactically or therapeutically directly to the lungs of cotton rats. ALX-0171 represents a potent novel antiviral compound with significant potential to treat RSV-mediated disease.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke - Increasing Stroke Risk With Intervention. (2013)

In this review, we focus on the important newly recognized appreciation for the paradoxical increase in stroke and TIA as a result of intervention meant to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) with the hope of decreasing stroke risk in the long term. The impact of silent cerebral lesions recently appreciated as a potentially major limitation and risk with AF ablation is explained. We categorize our present understanding of how we can minimize risk and provide a platform for what will undoubtedly be newer study, changes in the way procedures are done today, and possibly vascular-based stroke-reduction strategies.
A Low-Cost Training Method of ReRAM Inference Accelerator Chips for Binarized Neural Networks to Recover Accuracy Degradation due to Statistical Variabilities (2022)

A new software based in-situ training (SBIST) method to achieve high accuracies is proposed for binarized neural networks inference accelerator chips in which measured offsets in sense amplifiers (activation binarizers) are transformed into biases in the training software. To expedite this individual training, the initial values for the weights are taken from results of a common forming training process which is conducted in advance by using the offset fluctuation distribution averaged over the fabrication line. SPICE simulation inference results for the accelerator predict that the accuracy recovers to higher than 90% even when the amplifier offset is as large as 40mV only after a few epochs of the individual training.
Daisy Chain for Power Reduction in Inductive-Coupling CMOS Link (2006)

This paper discusses a daisy chain of current-drive transmitters in inductive-coupling CMOS links. Current is reused by multiple transmitters. 8 transceivers are arranged with a pitch of 20mum in 0.18mum CMOS. Transmit power is saved by 35% without sacrificing data rate (1Gb/s/ch) and BER (<10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) by having 4 transmitters daisy chained
10 GHz RF Fiber Optic Links (2005)

A 10-GHz direct laser modulation and an external modulation link were demonstrated. Signal-to-noise ratios of 130 dB/Hz and 115 dB/Hz have has been measured for the external modulation link at 1.3 µm wavelength and for the direct modulation link at 0.83 µm wavelength, respectively.
Delay-bound guarantee in combined input-output buffered switches (2002)

CIOB (combined input-output buffered) switches with a moderate speedup have been widely considered as the most feasible solution for large-capacity switches. In this paper, we adopt the hierarchical link sharing (HLS) algorithm in non-blocking CIOB switches to guarantee delay bound that is independent of the switch size. We also propose a feasible architecture to implement the HLS algorithm in the switch, which can accommodate the packet carried over a 10 Gbit/s line without a speedup requirement. Furthermore, we design a new serial comparator to find minimum time-stamp values.
Making Chord go Mobile (2005)

Imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and psychophysiological recordings of the congenitally blind have confirmed functional activation of the visual cortex but have not extensively explained the functional significance of these activation patterns in detail. This review systematically examines research on the role of the visual cortex in processing spatial and non-visual information, highlighting research on individuals with early and late onset blindness. Here, we concentrate on the methods utilized in studying visual cortical activation in early blind participants, including positron emissions tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and electrophysiological data, specifically event-related potentials (ERPs). This paper summarizes and discusses findings of these studies. We hypothesize how mechanisms of cortical plasticity are expressed in congenitally in comparison to adventitiously blind and short-term visually deprived sighted participants and discuss potential approaches for further investigation of these mechanisms in future research.
Statistical Threat Assessment for General Road Scenes Using Monte Carlo Sampling (2008)

This paper presents a threat-assessment algorithm for general road scenes. A road scene consists of a number of objects that are known, and the threat level of the scene is based on their current positions and velocities. The future driver inputs of the surrounding objects are unknown and are modeled as random variables. In order to capture realistic driver behavior, a dynamic driver model is implemented as a probabilistic prior, which computes the likelihood of a potential maneuver. A distribution of possible future scenarios can then be approximated using a Monte Carlo sampling. Based on this distribution, different threat measures can be computed, e.g., probability of collision or time to collision. Since the algorithm is based on the Monte Carlo sampling, it is computationally demanding, and several techniques are presented to increase performance without increasing computational load. The algorithm is intended both for online safety applications in a vehicle and for offline data analysis.