gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Setup to Characterize Shift Time for High Performance Hybrid Transmissions (2018)

Hybrid vehicles are increasingly common due to fuel efficiency regulations in place worldwide. High performance hybrids have typically been designed with a focus on improving performance, rather than the combination of both performance and efficiency. In order to improve efficiency of high performance cars, new hybrid architectures are necessary. When incorporating an electric motor, careful focus on operational modes allows for removal of certain elements, such as the reverse gear. Additionally, installing an electric motor directly coupled to the transmission without a clutch gives performance benefits, but requires detailed control of motor speed and novel methodology for shifting. In this paper, the design of an experimental setup for the electric drive in a high performance car hybrid transmission is presented. This architecture allows for characterization of synchronizer behavior during two different shifting methodologies. The first methodology is synchronizing a large rotational inertia with a small shaft speed difference (this differs from a gear shift in a traditional transmission with a large speed difference but small inertia). This situation is encountered when coupling an electric motor to the drivetrain, as the inertia of the electric motor is relatively large compared to a transmission layshaft, but the speed difference is small. The second is testing shifting of a synchronizer where dog tooth engagement happens immediately, with no friction cone to match the speed. This type of shifting is possible with precise electric motor speed control, sensing of the dog tooth position, and fast actuation. This methodology eliminates the need for a friction cone in the synchronizers, while maintaining fast gearshifts for performance driving. Our experimental setup for the electric drive in a hybrid transmission will be used to characterize synchronizer performance with these new shifting methodologies. The insights gained from this setup will aid in designing advanced hybrid architectures.
The Wreath Process: A totally generative model of geometric shape based on nested symmetries (2015)

We consider the problem of modelling noisy but highly symmetric shapes that can be viewed as hierarchies of whole-part relationships in which higher level objects are composed of transformed collections of lower level objects. To this end, we propose the stochastic wreath process, a fully generative probabilistic model of drawings. Following Leyton's "Generative Theory of Shape", we represent shapes as sequences of transformation groups composed through a wreath product. This representation emphasizes the maximization of transfer --- the idea that the most compact and meaningful representation of a given shape is achieved by maximizing the re-use of existing building blocks or parts. The proposed stochastic wreath process extends Leyton's theory by defining a probability distribution over geometric shapes in terms of noise processes that are aligned with the generative group structure of the shape. We propose an inference scheme for recovering the generative history of given images in terms of the wreath process using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and Approximate Bayesian Computation. In the context of sketching we demonstrate the feasibility and limitations of this approach on model-generated and real data.
Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits (2019)

We introduce a single-number metric, quantum volume, that can be measured using a concrete protocol on near-term quantum computers of modest size ($n\ensuremath{\lesssim}50$), and measure it on several state-of-the-art transmon devices, finding values as high as 16. The quantum volume is linked to system error rates, and is empirically reduced by uncontrolled interactions within the system. It quantifies the largest random circuit of equal width and depth that the computer successfully implements. Quantum computing systems with high-fidelity operations, high connectivity, large calibrated gate sets, and circuit rewriting toolchains are expected to have higher quantum volumes. The quantum volume is a pragmatic way to measure and compare progress toward improved system-wide gate error rates for near-term quantum computation and error-correction experiments.
Designing for Power Transfer Across Fold-Lines in Mechanisms With Origami-Like Movement Using Surrogate Folds (2017)

As mechanisms with origami-like movement increase in popularity, there is a need for conducting electrical power across folds. This need could potentially be filled by the use of surrogate folds. Surrogate folds are a localized reduction in stiffness in a given direction allowing the material to function like a fold. Current methods for conducting across folds are reviewed along with current opportunities. A framework for designing conductive surrogate folds that can be adapted to fit specific applications is presented. Equations for calculating the resistance in single surrogate folds as well as arrays are given. Prototypes of several conductive joints are presented and discussed. The framework is then followed in the designing and manufacturing of a conductive origami-inspired mechanism.
A hotspot for the Drosophila gypsy retroelement in the ovo locus (1998)

The Drosophila retroelement gypsy has a number of unusual features including an unusual LTR terminal sequence and an apparent target sequence preference. The ovo locus is a known hotspot for gypsy insertion. We examined the target sequence preference of gypsy within ovo by isolating 26 new insertions and sequencing the gypsy/ovo junctions. Insertions were found at multiple sites within the ovo locus. The insertions clustered within an approximately 150 bp region in the non-translated region of the ovo beta transcript, with most insertions falling within the first intron. There were seven sites of insertion within this region and these mostly conform to the consensus sequence YRYRYR (where Y = pyrimidine and R = purine). However, this target sequence is at best necessary but not sufficient to specify a hotspot, as there were several other sequences conforming to this consensus in the ovo locus that were not hit. The results indicate that gypsy may have a higher degree of target specificity than most infectious LTR retroelements.
Inside Front Cover: Construction of Chiral Propeller Architectures from Achiral Molecules (Adv. Mater. 24/2006) (2006)

Abstract Chiral propeller architectures constructed from achiral molecules via hydrogen bonding self‐assembly, in addition to Frank–Pryce spherulitic droplet and fingerprint textures, are reported on p. 3229 by Cheng and co‐workers. It is found, for the first time, that neither molecular chirality nor a molecular bend is necessary to form a chiral phase, which is of particular interest for next‐generation biological and electro‐optical materials science and technology.
Erratum: “The crossbar latch: Logic value storage, restoration, and inversion in crossbar circuits” [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 034301 (2005)] (2005)

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Vaccine innovations for emerging infectious diseases—a symposium report (2019)

Vaccines have been incredibly successful at stemming the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases worldwide. However, there are still no effective vaccines for many serious and potentially preventable infectious diseases. Advances in vaccine technology, including new delivery methods and adjuvants, as well as progress in systems biology and an increased understanding of the human immune system, hold the potential to address these issues. In addition, maternal immunization has opened an avenue to address infectious diseases in neonates and very young infants. This report summarizes the presentations from a 1-day symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences entitled "Innovative Vaccines against Resistant Infectious Diseases and Emerging Threats," held on May 20, 2019.
Blind Separation Of Complex-Valued Mixtures: Sparse Representation In Polar And Cartesian Scatter-Plots (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Enantioselective cyclopropanation of (Z)-3-substituted-2-(4-pyridyl)-acrylonitriles catalyzed by Cinchona ammonium salts (2016)

Cyclopropane esters holding two quaternary centres were prepared in high yields, complete diastereoselection and up to 83% ee. The reaction described herein entailed reacting (Z)-3-substituted-2-(4-pyridyl)-acrylonitrile, a reactive class of Michael acceptor, with 2-bromomalonate esters in the presence of Cinchona derived phase-transfer catalysts. The reaction allowed multi-gram preparation of the desired products.
Thymic Function after Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (2000)

The vestigial thymus in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency is functional and can produce enough T cells after bone marrow transplantation to provide normal immune function.
Correction: Learning curve and competence for volumetric laser endomicroscopy in Barrett’s esophagus using cumulative sum analysis (2018)

Correction to:Learning curve and competence for volumetric laser endomicroscopy in Barrett’s esophagus using cumulative sum analysisEndoscopy 2018; 50(05): 471-478DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121569
Data from Calicheamicin Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Improved Properties (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Calicheamicin antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are effective therapeutics for leukemias with two recently approved in the United States: Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia and Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD22 for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Both of these calicheamicin ADCs are heterogeneous, aggregation-prone, and have a shortened half-life due to the instability of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker in circulation. We hypothesized that we could improve upon the heterogeneity, aggregation, and circulation stability of calicheamicin ADCs by directly attaching the thiol of a reduced calicheamicin to an engineered cysteine on the antibody via a disulfide bond to generate a linkerless and traceless conjugate. We report herein that the resulting homogeneous conjugates possess minimal aggregation and display high &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; stability with 50% of the drug remaining conjugated to the antibody after 21 days. Furthermore, these calicheamicin ADCs are highly efficacious in mouse models of both solid tumor (HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer) and hematologic malignancies (CD22&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Safety studies in rats with this novel calicheamicin ADC revealed an increased tolerability compared with that reported for Mylotarg. Overall, we demonstrate that applying novel linker chemistry with site-specific conjugation affords an improved, next-generation calicheamicin ADC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Distribution of chlorine in chlorinated spruce and birch wood as determined by TEM-EDXA. [Transmission electron microscopy - energy dispersive x-ray analysis] (1983)

The chlorine concentrations of lignin in the cell corner middle lamella and secondary wall of chlorinated spruce tracheids and birch fibers were determined by the TEM-EDXA technique. In both woods, the chlorine reacted very rapidly with lignin, but the extent of the reaction was greater in the secondary wall than in the cell corner middle lamella. The chlorolignin in the cell corner middle lamella was more easily removed by alkali extraction than that in the secondary wall for both spruce tracheids and birch fibers. 19 references, 1 figure, 6 tables.
Influence of growth temperature on the twin formation of InN{10$ \bar 1 $3} on GaAs(110) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2011)

Abstract Twin formation of {10 $ \bar 1 $ 3} semi‐polar InN layers on GaAs(110) surface has been investigated by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). It was found that the growth temperature of InN epitaxial layer strongly affected the twin formation due to the difference in the durability of In‐polar and N‐polar InN crystal at each growth temperature. From the results of polarity determination and pole figure measurements by high resolution X‐ray diffraction (HR‐XRD), InN layers grown at high temperatures showed a single domain (no twinning) and the direction of 〈0001〉 InN paralleled to the direction of 〈11 $ \bar 1 $ 〉B GaAs, implying the epitaxial relationship to be (10 $ \bar 1 $ $ \bar 3 $ )//GaAs(110). On the contrary, InN layers grown at relatively low temperatures contained the twin crystal and the [0001] InN of each domain paralleled to either 〈111〉A or 〈11 $ \bar 1 $ 〉B of GaAs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genuine Counterfactual Communication with a Nanophotonic Processor (2019)

In counterfactual communication particles and information can travel in opposite directions. With our high-fidelity programmable nanophotonic processor we implement the first trace-free counterfactual protocol without post-selection with a counterfactual violation as low as 2.4%. © 2019 The Author(s)
In Vivo Ligand-Inducible Regulation of Gene Expression in a Gutless Adenoviral Vector System (2003)

Transcriptional regulation that is rapid, reversible, and repeatedly inducible would greatly enhance the safety and efficacy of many gene therapy strategies. We developed a chimeric ligand-inducible regulation system based on the human estrogen receptor. This system has two components, the responsive promoter driving expression of the transgene of interest, and the ligand-inducible chimeric transcription factor. The transcription factor is composed of a novel DNA binding domain and a modified estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain. A point mutation in the ligand-binding domain significantly reduces estrogen binding while allowing binding of the estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen. We used a gutless adenoviral vector system and incorporated both components into two separate vectors. A single gutless vector encoding both system components was also generated. The tamoxifen-mediated induciblity of transgene expression of the gutless vector system was compared in vitro and in vivo with the analogous components incorporated into early generation, E1/E2a/E3-deficient adenoviral vectors. In normal mice, both the gutless vector and early generation systems displayed inducibility in the presence of tamoxifen. Importantly, the gutless vector system was inducible to extremely high levels, at least four times over a 2-month period. In contrast, the early generation vector system was inducible only once. Furthermore, the early generation system displayed significant toxicity, as evidenced by extremely high liver enzyme levels, abnormal liver pathology, and rapid loss of vector DNA from the liver, while the gutless vector system displayed minimal toxicity. These data directly demonstrate the improved in vivo function of the tamoxifen-inducible transcriptional regulation system in the context of the gutless adenoviral vectors.
Synthesis of a Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist via a Diastereoselective Michael Reaction, Selective Deoxyfluorination and Aromatic Metal-Halogen Exchange Reaction. (2001)

An efficient synthesis of a structurally unique, novel M&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; antagonist &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; is described. Compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; is\nconveniently disconnected retrosynthetically at the amide bond to reveal the acid portion &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; and\nthe amine fragment &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;. The synthesis of key intermediate &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; is highlighted by a ZnCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;−MAEP complex\n&lt;b&gt;19 &lt;/b&gt;catalyzed diastereoselective Michael reaction of dioxolane &lt;b&gt;7&lt;/b&gt; with 2-cyclopenten-1-one (&lt;b&gt;5&lt;/b&gt;) to\nestablish the contiguous quaternary-tertiary chiral centers and a subsequent geminal difluorination\nof ketone &lt;b&gt;17&lt;/b&gt; using Deoxofluor in the presence of catalytic BF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;·OEt&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The synthesis of the amine\nmoiety &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt; is highlighted by the discovery of a novel &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-Bu&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;MgLi magnesium−halogen exchange\nreaction for selective functionalization of 2,6-dibromopyridine. This new and practical metalation\nprotocol obviated cryogenic conditions and upon quenching with DMF gave 6-bromo-2-formylpyridine\n(&lt;b&gt;26&lt;/b&gt;) in excellent yield. Further transformations afforded the amine fragment &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt; via reductive\namination with &lt;b&gt;35&lt;/b&gt;, Pd-catalyzed aromatic amination, and deprotection. Finally, the highly\nconvergent synthesis of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; was accomplished by coupling of the two fragments. This synthesis has\nbeen used to prepare multi-kilogram quantities of the bulk drug.
Conformally-mapped multielectrode arrays for in-vitro stimulation and recording of hippocampal acute slices (2002)

Multiple configurations of planar, conformally-mapped multielectrode arrays (cMEAs) are used to enable stimulation and recording of hippocampal acute slice activities. The configurations of the multielectrode arrays are conformal in that the designs incorporate the specific geometrical mapping of various sub-regions of the rat hippocampus (CA1-to-CA3, dentate gyrus-to-CA3, or individual regions). The high-density feature of the arrays also provides a high spatial resolution for current-source density (CSD) analysis, with 50 /spl mu/m or 60 /spl mu/m center-to-center distances. Fabrication of gold and ITO (indium tin oxide) based multielectrode arrays with up to sixty-four recording/stimulating elements has been achieved. Impedance measurements are taken for the multielectrode arrays, and a simple equivalent circuit has been employed to model the electrode-electrolyte interface; cyclic voltammetry and potential monitoring experiments are performed to set guidelines and to identify limitations of stimulation protocols, thus avoiding undesirable irreversible faradaic reactions due to excess stimulation. Evoked in-vitro electrophysiological experiments with acute slices of rat hippocampus have successfully been performed using the cMEAs.
Focusing of hard X-rays using diamond and silicon refractive lenses (2003)

The fabrication and testing of planar refractive lenses made from diamond and silicon is reported. We obtained efficiencies up to 78% and 31% for diamond and silicon lenses, respectively. A FWHM of the line-focus down to 3 μm has been achieved for both types of lenses. Using two crossed silicon lenses in series 2-dimensional focusing has been demonstrated, resulting in a micro focus of 7*14 at 35 keV. This demonstrates the feasibility of silicon lenses for micro-focusing applications at extreme photon energies (above approx. 30 keV). Due to the unique physical properties of diamond, diamond lenses should be able to withstand the extreme flux densities expected at future X-ray free electron lasers (X-FELs). This makes diamond refractive lenses very promising candidates for applications at these 4th generation x-ray sources.
Directional neighbor discovery in mmWave wireless networks (2020)

The directional neighbor discovery problem, i.e., spatial rendezvous, is a fundamental problem in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless networks, where directional transmissions are used to overcome the high attenuation. The challenge is how to let the transmitter and the receiver beams meet in space under deafness caused by directional transmission and reception, where no control channel, prior information, and coordination are available. In this paper, we present a Hunting-based Directional Neighbor Discovery (HDND) scheme for ad hoc mmWave networks, where a node follows a unique sequence to determine its transmission or reception mode, and continuously rotates its directional beam to scan the neighborhood for other mmWave nodes. Through a rigorous analysis, we derive the conditions for ensured neighbor discovery, as well as a bound for the worst-case discovery time and the impact of sidelobes. We validate the analysis with extensive simulations and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme over several baseline schemes.
Data from mWTX-330, an IL-12 INDUKINE Molecule, Activates and Reshapes Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK Cells to Generate Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;IL-12 is a pleotropic inflammatory cytokine, which has broad stimulatory effects on various immune cell populations, making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. However, despite generating robust antitumor activity in syngeneic murine tumor models, clinical administration of IL-12 has been limited by severe toxicity. mWTX-330 is a selectively inducible INDUKINE molecule comprised of a half-life extension domain and an inactivation domain linked to chimeric IL-12 by tumor protease–sensitive linkers. Systemic administration of mWTX-330 in mice was well tolerated, resulted in robust antitumor immunity in multiple tumor models, and preferentially activated tumor-infiltrating immune cells rather than immune cells present in peripheral tissues. Antitumor activity was dependent on &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; processing of the protease cleavable linkers and required CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells for full efficacy. Within the tumor, mWTX-330 increased the frequency of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC), activated natural killer (NK) cells, skewed conventional CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells toward a T helper 1 (T&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;1) phenotype, drove regulatory T cells (Treg) fragility, and increased the frequency of polyfunctional CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. mWTX-330 treatment also increased the clonality of tumor-infiltrating T cells by expanding underrepresented T-cell receptor (TCR) clones, drove CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T and NK cells towards increased mitochondrial respiration and fitness, and decreased the frequency of TOX&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; exhausted CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells within the tumor. A fully human version of this INDUKINE molecule was stable in human serum, was reliably and selectively processed by human tumor samples, and is currently in clinical development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
SGPL1 Deficiency: A Rare Cause of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (2018)

New genetic causes of PAI continue to be identified. We suggest that screening for SGPL1 mutations should not be reserved only for patients with nephrotic syndrome but may also include patients with PAI who lack other clinical manifestations of NPHS14 because, in certain cases, kidney disease and accompanying features might develop. Timely diagnosis of this specific sphingolipidosis while the kidneys still function normally can lead to prompt initiation of therapy and improve outcome.
ORAL PROTEIN KINASE C β INHIBITION USING RUBOXISTAURIN (2011)

Analysis of data combined from two similar studies adds further statistical significance to RBX's beneficial effects on visual loss, need for focal laser, and vision gain, most likely through effects on macular edema.
Full-field interferometric imaging of neuron deformation during action potential (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We report the full-field imaging of the mechanical deformations accompanying the action potential in primary cortical neurons using ultrafast quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with a temporal resolution of 0.1 ms and a membrane displacement sensitivity of <0.2 nm per pixel. The average displacements were ~0.7 nm on cell somas and ~0.5 nm on neurites. Finite element modeling based on the 3D shape extracted from confocal imaging and on scaling of the surface tension with trans-membrane voltage yielded the deformation map during action potential, which matched the features of the experimental results, including the displacement amplitude, time course, and spatial distribution.