gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-Field Strain Imaging with Preferentially-Aligned Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Polycrystalline Diamond (2016)

We report on wide-field optically detected magnetic resonance imaging of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVs) in type IIa polycrystalline diamond. These studies reveal a heterogeneous crystalline environment that produces a varied density of NV centers, including preferential orientation within some individual crystal grains, but preserves long spin coherence times. Using the native NVs as nanoscale sensors, we introduce a 3-dimensional strain imaging technique with high sensitivity ( $&lt; 10^{-5}$ Hz$^{-1/2}$) and diffraction-limited resolution across a wide field of view.
Effect of intravitreal injection of aflibercept or ranibizumab on chorioretinal atrophy in myopic choroidal neovascularization (2019)

IVA to treat mCNV caused more severe thinning of the foveal choroid than ranibizumab; however, no significant difference was seen in CRA progression between the drugs and the choroidal thickness should not be associated with CRA progression. The CNV location may predict CRA progression after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for mCNV.
Electrical Properties of Buried Capacitor in Zero X-Y Shrinkage Multilayer Ceramic Substrate. (2001)

Ceramic substrates with buried capacitors were studied. Miss-matchings of sintering behaviors between substrate layer, capacitor layer and barrier. layer were canceled by adapting zero X-Y shrinkage sintering method. Newly developed barrier layer of MgO-ZnO-PbOCuO composition prevented a reaction between substrate layer and capacitor layer. Byusing these techniques, buried capacitance of 1μF/cm2have been developed.
Negatively charged hydrogen at oxygen-vacancy sites in BaTiO3: Density-functional calculation (2010)

With a specific focus on defects formed from H atoms and oxygen vacancies (VO) in perovskite-type oxide, stability and stable valence states of complex defects formation processes within BaTiO3 are studied by using first-principle density-functional theory calculations. In our findings, H atoms diffuse as protons (H+) into interstitial sites in BaTiO3, whereas these atoms when trapped at centers of VO sites convert to negatively ionized states (H−). We also find that H atom trapping at VO sites occurs only in n-type carrier-rich environments without carrier compensation of VO2+ and H+. If carrier electrons are compensated, H+ ions are excluded from VO2+ sites due to the repulsive Coulomb potential existing between the H+ ion and the positively charged VO2+ site. Difficulties in the calculation of the diffusion-energy diagram for H atoms, involving essential changes in the stable valence states during the diffusion process, are discussed and a practical solution is presented.
Impact of Core Architecture on Solution Properties of Dendrimer-like Star Copolymers (2003)

We present a small-angle neutron scattering study of a series of isomeric dendrimer-like star copolymers investigated in solution. Each copolymer consists of a highly branched core with linear partially deuterated polymer chains emanating from the outermost generation to create a starlike copolymer. By studying the copolymers in solvents contrast matched to the outer starlike chains, we focus our study on the effects of the core branching architecture. In our dilute solution data analysis we use models to obtain analytical expressions for the form factor of the copolymer cores. We find the core radius of gyration and fractal dimension depend on the core branching architecture. From our semidilute data we obtain experimental structure factors and see evidence of liquidlike structuring in some copolymers. Thus, the architectural features of these isomeric copolymers have an impact on both the conformation of and interactions between these molecules in solution.
Targeting Improves the Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine againstCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisin Sheep (1999)

A large-scale DNA vaccination trial was performed with sheep to investigate whether an antigen targeted by CTLA-4 enhanced and accelerated the humoral immune response. Vaccination with genetically detoxified phospholipase D (DeltaPLD) has been shown to be effective, at least partially, against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causal agent of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. CTLA-4 binds to B7 on antigen-presenting cells and thus was used to direct the fusion antigens to sites of immune induction. Here we demonstrated that targeting DeltaPLD as a CTLA-4 fusion protein significantly enhanced the speed, magnitude, and longevity of the antibody response compared to that obtained with DNA encoding DeltaPLD. While all groups of sheep vaccinated with DNA encoding DeltaPLD were afforded better protection against an experimental challenge with C. pseudotuberculosis than those immunized with an irrelevant plasmid or those left unimmunized, the best protection was provided by the targeted DNA vaccine. We propose that targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells offers a generic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of DNA vaccines.
Design of Spatial Admittance for Force-Guided Assembly of Polyhedral Parts in Single Point Frictional Contact (2020)

This paper identifies conditions for designing the appropriate spatial admittance to achieve reliable force-guided assembly of polyhedral parts for cases in which a single frictional contact occurs between the two parts. This work is an extension of previous work in which frictionless contact was considered. This paper presents a way to characterize friction without solving a set of complicated non-linear equations. We show that, by modifying the error reduction function and evaluating the function bounds associated with friction, the procedures developed for frictionless contact apply to the frictional cases. Thus, for bounded misalignments, if an admittance satisfies the misalignment-reducing conditions at a finite number of contact configurations, then the admittance will also satisfy the conditions at all intermediate configurations for any value of friction less than the specified upper bound.
The Use of Multi-frequency Acquisition to Significantly Improve the Quality of Fibre-optic Distributed Vibration Sensing (2016)

Summary Unlike conventional sensors that measure the passage of seismic waves at a single position, distributed vibration sensing (DVS) systems, also known as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems, detect the passage of seismic waves by averaging a measurement of strain over a section of fibre optic cable. DVS systems work by transmitting pulses of light down the fibre and measuring the phase of the Rayleigh backscatter. At random positions along the fibre, however, fading occurs; this is where the amplitude of the backscattered signal is very small due to cancellation of the scattered electric fields, resulting in anomalously noisy traces. The appearance of fading is dependent on the frequency of the laser pulse used to interrogate the fibre; thus, by transmitting a number of different frequencies, we can avoid its effects as well as reduce the overall noise of the system. Once the noisy traces are removed, the results of our experimentation and modelling suggest that the improvement is approximately √n where n is the number of frequencies being stacked.
Guaranteeing Practical Convergence in Algorithms for Sensor and Source Localization (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper considers localization of a source or a sensor from distance measurements. We argue that linear algorithms proposed for this purpose are susceptible to poor noise performance. Instead given a set of sensors/anchors of known positions and measured distances of the source/sensor to be localized from them we propose a potentially nonconvex weighted cost function whose global minimum estimates the location of the source/sensor one seeks. The contribution of this paper is to provide nontrivial ellipsoidal and polytopic regions surrounding these sensors/anchors of known positions, such that if the object to be localized is in this region, localization occurs by globally exponentially convergent gradient descent in the noise free case. Exponential convergence in the noise free case represents practical convergence as it ensures graceful performance degradation in the presence of noise. These results guide the deployment of sensors/anchors so that small subsets can be made responsible for practical localization in geographical areas determined by our approach. </para>
A Study of Polysilicon Gate Etch Uniformity in 300 mm Silicon Wafers (2013)

Experimental data show that the polysilicon gate length tends to be smaller in the middle of the silicon wafer and also at the silicon wafer edge. This can be seen from electrical measurement data of MOS transistors in a row along a diameter of the wafer. In-line CD (critical dimension) data will also be presented to support the above claim. Physical mechanisms responsible for the experimental observation will be provided. Possible existence of plasma instability during the polysilicon gate etch process will also be discussed.
Loudspeaker Rocking Modes (Part 1: Modeling) (2015)

The rocking of the loudspeaker diaphragm is a severe problem in headphones, micro-speakers and other kinds of loudspeakers causing voice coil rubbing which limits the maximum acoustical output at low frequencies. The root causes of this problem are small irregularities in the circumferential distribution of the stiffness, mass and magnetic field in the gap. A dynamic model describing the mechanism governing rocking modes is presented and a suitable structure for the separation and quantification of the three root causes exciting the rocking modes is developed. The model is validated experimentally for the three root causes and the responses are discussed conforming a basic diagnostics analysis.
Abstract 316: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 (TLT-2) and TLR-4 contribute to activation of human dendritic cells via ERK signaling pathway (2010)

Abstract Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell (TREM) proteins are a family of receptors that regulate many different cell processes. TREM-like transcript 2 (TLT-2) is one of these TREM proteins. It have been reported that TLT-2 plays important roles in inflammation and T cell activation, but it is still elusive in its signal transduction in the cell. In an attempt to identify the active ingredient of Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) for potential drug development, we isolated a high molecular weight polysaccharide fraction, F3, and performed a comprehensive analysis of its immunomodulatory and adjuvant activities. It was found that this polysaccharide extract had potent immunomodulatory and adjuvant activities in vivo and in vitro. F3-treated mice showed an increase in the number of dendritic cells as well as CD4, CD8, regulatory T, B, plasma, NK, and NKT cells in the spleen. F3 also elevated the levels of twelve cytokines and chemokines in the blood of mice. F3 displayed potent adjuvant activity for tetanus toxoid in the absence of alum and potentiated antibody responses to alum-containing tetanus toxoid in mice. In addition, F3 also boosted Th1 and Th2 response in vivo. In vitro, F3 induced the maturation of dendritic cells derived from human monocytes by upregulating CD40, CD54, CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR, enhanced mixed lymphocyte reaction and increased the production of sixteen cytokines and chemokines. In microarray analysis, expressions of 7,688 genes were modulated in dendritic cells after treatment with F3, including cytokine and chemokine genes. To ascertain the possible receptors of F3 on human DCs, neutralizing antibodies against TLR-4 and TREM-like transcript 2 (TLT-2), but not TLR-2 and DC-SIGN, partially blocked F3-induced cytokine and chemokine release. TLT-2 and TLR-4 neutralizing antibodies or siRNA of TLT-2 also suppressed F3-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in DCs. Moreover, inhibitors of NF-κB, p38 MAPK and Akt, but not JNK, suppressed F3-induced upregulation of surface markers and reduced F3-induced cytokine production in DCs. F3 and LPS also enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and TNF-α expression through Raf-MEK signaling cascade and involvement of signaling pathway was validated through the use of specific inhibitors for Raf-MEK- ERK pathway in TLT-2 transfected U937, confirming our observations in DCs. We further demonstrated the expression of Blimp-1 in dendritic cells and its upregulation by F3. The latter could be blocked by TLT-2 antibody. These results provide insight into the TLT-2 mediated signal transduction and immunomodulatory mechanisms of F3 polysaccharide. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 316.
Ray-traced Shell Traversal of Tetrahedral Meshes for Direct Volume Visualization (2021)

A well-known method for rendering unstructured volumetric data is tetrahedral marching (tet marching), where rays are marched through a series of tetrahedral elements. Rowever, existing tet marching techniques do not easily generalize to rays with arbitrary origin and direction required for advanced shading effects or non-convex meshes. Additionally, the memory footprint of these methods may exceed GPU memory limits. Interactive performance and high image quality are opposing goals. Our approach significantly lowers the burden to render unstructured datasets with high image fidelity while maintaining real-time and interactive performance even for large datasets. To this end, we leverage hardware-accelerated ray tracing to find entry and exit faces for a given ray into a volume and utilize a compact mesh representation to enable the efficient marching of arbitrary rays, thus allowing for advanced shading effects that ultimately yields more convincing and grounded images. Our approach is also robust, supporting both convex and non-convex unstructured meshes. We show that our method achieves interactive rates even with moderately-sized datasets while secondary effects are applied.
Control & Dynamics: How They Are Applied in Power System Microgrids [Book Review] (2018)

This book explores how power system control of the smart grid is impacting the power industry. The effects of renewable energy development are increasing at a time when transmission investments are decreasing. In many places, the structure of the power grid is returning to the more isolated city regions that were the norm before high-voltage transmission linked larger geographic areas. Today’s transmission system is stressed by an increasing lack of inertia, poor frequency control, and the need for improved voltage control. The smart grid is an outgrowth of this evolution as a result of communications systems having low cost and increased capabilities. Competitive markets, such as transactive energy, further complicate the operation and planning of the system. Students and industry practitioners alike would be well served by reading this book which covers all aspects of dynamic simulation and control under the assumption that readers are familiar with steady-state behavior, which is not discussed in this text. The book has two goals: 1) to show how to model generation by fully considering the increased use of power electronics for converter control and coordination and 2) to introduce consensus control for interarea oscillations. The author’s goal is to provide a bridge between traditional control and microgrid control. That goal is fully achieved. The reader learns by example problems and solutions with the provided MATLAB code.
Mechanisms of enhanced thrombus formation in cerebral microvessels of mice expressing hemoglobin-S (2011)

The microvasculature assumes an inflammatory and procoagulant state in a variety of different diseases, including sickle cell disease (SCD), which may contribute to the high incidence of ischemic stroke in these patients. This study provides evidence for accelerated thrombus formation in arterioles and venules in the cerebral vasculature of mice that express hemoglobin-S (β(s) mice). Enhanced microvascular thrombosis in β(s) mice was blunted by immunologic or genetic interventions that target tissue factor, endothelial protein C receptor, activated protein C, or thrombin. Platelets from β(s) mice also exhibited enhanced aggregation velocity after stimulation with thrombin but not ADP. Neutropenia also protected against the enhanced thrombosis response in β(s) mice. These results indicate that the cerebral microvasculature is rendered vulnerable to thrombus formation in β(s) mice via a neutrophil-dependent mechanism that is associated with an increased formation of and enhanced platelet sensitivity to thrombin.
Extrarenal Angiomyolipomas of the Perinephric Space (1992)

We describe 2 cases of extrarenal angiomyolipoma of the perinephric space. All other cases of extrarenal angiomyolipoma of the retroperitoneum are reviewed and the clinical relevance of this unusual pathological entity is discussed.
Analysis of Shaft-Loaded Membrane Delamination Using Stationary Principles (2007)

The following analysis investigates the delamination of an elastic membrane which on one side adheres to a smooth substrate while the other side is attached to a rigid cylindrical shaft. When the shaft is pulled perpendicularly from the substrate, this system is equivalent to the blister test of Malyshev and Salganik ( International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1, 114 (1965)) and a solution is derived using the principle of minimum potential energy. Delamination can also be caused by rotating the shaft, which may be induced by a shear load and/or moment applied to the free end. For this more complicated system, an approximate solution is obtained from upper and lower bounds on strain energy that are derived from stationary principles with restricted deformation and stress fields, respectively. Beyond their applicability to blister tests, these results are relevant to the emerging study of biologically-inspired adhesives, as membranes constitute a critical attachment structure for a variety of wall-clinging organisms.
Nonconventional approaches to ultrasonic assessment of skeletal system (2003)

Conventional bone ultrasonometry is based on the transmission mode measurement of the linear acoustic parameters of bone (speed of sound and broadband attenuation). It is a well-established technique specifically for osteoporosis diagnostics though it is highly limited in its applications. It cannot be used for the assessment of the hip bone which is the most important area in characterization of the skeletal system and can hardly be used in pediatric applications, particularly in neonatology, for the assessment of newborns and premature and low-birth-weight infants skeletal systems, which became especially vital during the last few decades. There are several new ideas on acoustic assessment of the skeletal sites hardly accessible by the conventional bone ultrasonometry and on principles of the acoustic characterization of bone quality, fracture risk evaluation, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. New approaches are based on the use of the ultrasound radiation pressure for the remote generation of acoustic waves in bones, on the use of various modes of guided acoustic waves having a propagation speed dependent on both the elasticity modulus and the bone thickness, on the use of geometrical dispersion of sound velocity for bone characterization, and the use of principles of nonlinear acoustic spectroscopy for remote bone testing. [Work supported by NIH.]
Co-Flow Hollow Cathode Technology (2011)

Hall thrusters utilize identical hollow cathode technology as ion thrusters, yet must operate at much higher mass flow rates in order to efficiently couple to the bulk plasma discharge. Higher flow rates are necessary in order to provide enough neutral collisions to transport electrons across magnetic fields so that they can reach the discharge. This higher flow rate, however, has potential life-limiting implications for the operation of the cathode. A solution to the problem involves splitting the mass flow into the hollow cathode into two streams, the internal and external flows. The internal flow is fixed and set such that the neutral pressure in the cathode allows for a high utilization of the emitter surface area. The external flow is variable depending on the flow rate through the anode of the Hall thruster, but also has a minimum in order to suppress high-energy ion generation. In the co-flow hollow cathode, the cathode assembly is mounted on thruster centerline, inside the inner magnetic core of the thruster. An annular gas plenum is placed at the base of the cathode and propellant is fed throughout to produce an azimuthally symmetric flow of gas that evenly expands around the cathode keeper. This configuration maximizes propellant utilization and is not subject to erosion processes. External gas feeds have been considered in the past for ion thruster applications, but usually in the context of eliminating high energy ion production. This approach is adapted specifically for the Hall thruster and exploits the geometry of a Hall thruster to feed and focus the external flow without introducing significant new complexity to the thruster design.
Data from Impact of Therapy on Genomics and Transcriptomics in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Docetaxel and Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The combination of docetaxel chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The recently accrued phase III CALGB 90203 trial was designed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of this treatment approach earlier in the disease. Specimens from this trial offer a unique opportunity to interrogate the acute molecular response to docetaxel and ADT and identify potential biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We evaluated baseline clinical data, needle biopsies, and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from 52 (of 788) patients enrolled on CALGB 90203 at one high volume center. Pathology review, tumor and germline-targeted DNA sequencing (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 72 genes), and expression profiling using NanoString platform (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 163 genes) were performed to explore changes in critical prostate cancer pathways linked to aggression and resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Three of 52 patients had only microfocal residual cancer at prostatectomy. The most common alterations included &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; fusion (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 32), &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutation or deletion (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11), &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; deletion (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6), &lt;i&gt;FOXA1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6), and &lt;i&gt;SPOP&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4) mutation, with no significant enrichment in posttreated specimens. We did not observe &lt;i&gt;AR&lt;/i&gt; amplification or mutations. The degree of AR signaling suppression varied among treated tumors and there was upregulation of both AR and AR-V7 expression as well as a subset of neuroendocrine and plasticity genes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These data support the feasibility of targeted and temporal genomic and transcriptome profiling of neoadjuvant-treated prostate cancer with limited formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue requirement. Characterization of the heterogeneity of treatment response and molecular outliers that arise posttreatment provides new insight into potential early markers of resistance. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6802–11. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;