gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Reconstruction of Three-Quarter Sampling Measurements Using Recurrent Local Joint Sparse Deconvolution and Extrapolation (2022)

Recently, non-regular three-quarter sampling has shown to deliver an increased image quality of image sensors by using differently oriented L-shaped pixels compared to the same number of square pixels. A three-quarter sampling sensor can be understood as a conventional low-resolution sensor where one quadrant of each square pixel is opaque. Subsequent to the measurement, the data can be reconstructed on a regular grid with twice the resolution in both spatial dimensions using an appropriate reconstruction algorithm. For this reconstruction, local joint sparse deconvolution and extrapolation (L-JSDE) has shown to perform very well. As a disadvantage, L-JSDE requires long computation times of several dozen minutes per megapixel. In this paper, we propose a faster version of L-JSDE called recurrent L-JSDE (RL-JSDE) which is a reformulation of L-JSDE. For reasonable recurrent measurement patterns, RL-JSDE provides significant speedups on both CPU and GPU without sacrificing image quality. Compared to L-JSDE, 20-fold and 733-fold speedups are achieved on CPU and GPU, respectively.
Exotoxins (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Superantigens Cytotoxins Acknowledgments References
Joint denoising, demosaicing, and chromatic aberration correction for UHD video (2017)

High-resolution video capture is crucial for numerous applications such as surveillance, security, industrial inspection, medical imaging and digital entertainment. In the last two decades, we are witnessing a dramatic increase of the spatial resolution and the maximal frame rate of video capturing devices. In order to achieve further resolution increase, numerous challenges will be facing us. Due to the reduced size of the pixel, the amount of light also reduces, leading to the increased noise level. Moreover, the reduced pixel size makes the lens imprecisions more pronounced, which especially applies to chromatic aberrations. Even in the case when high quality lenses are used some chromatic aberration artefacts will remain. Next, noise level additionally increases due to the higher frame rates. To reduce the complexity and the price of the camera, one sensor captures all three colors, by relying on Color Filter Arrays. In order to obtain full resolution color image, missing color components have to be interpolated, i.e. demosaicked, which is more challenging than in the case of lower resolution, due to the increased noise and aberrations. In this paper, we propose a new method, which jointly performs chromatic aberration correction, denoising and demosaicking. By jointly performing the reduction of all artefacts, we are reducing the overall complexity of the system and the introduction of new artefacts. In order to reduce possible flicker we also perform temporal video enhancement. We evaluate the proposed method on a number of publicly available UHD sequences and on sequences recorded in our studio.
Off label pharmacological therapy in patients with short bowel syndrome. (2013)

This is the first study to our knowledge highlighting the importance of adjuvant drugs, particularly with unconventional indications, in the management of short bowel syndrome. Antidiarrheic agents, pancrelipase micropellets, antacids and antibiotics represented the most relevant off label prescriptions for this population.
Knowledge and Skills Needs for Tomorrow's Public Administrators (1980)

This study focuses on the knowledge and skill needs of tomorrow's public administrators as perceived by today's professionals. The data represent the cumulative product of three annual surveys conducted by mail questionnaire among public administrators who received recognition by the International City Management Association from 1977 through 1979. For the 1977 and 1978 periods, service award recognition was given to those administrators who had completed 10, 15, 20, or 25 years of public service. (The 1979 recognition was expanded somewhat, including 18 persons who had 30, 35, and 40 years of public service.) During this three-year period, 573 persons were mailed questionnaires; returns were received from 388 respondents, or 68 percent of the total in the three surveys.' While there was some minor variation in the response patterns over the three-year period, the survey results were combined for this analysis.2
Infection of rhesus macaques with a pool of simian immunodeficiency virus with the envelope genes from acute HIV-1 infections (2016)

Despite the inability to propagate in primary cells and cell lines, a pool of 16 SHIVenv viruses could establish infection but only one virus, SHIVenv_B3 was isolated in the macaque and then shown to repeatedly infected macaques. This SHIVenv_B3 virus did not show any distinct phenotypic property from the other 15 SHIVenv viruses but did have the fewest N-linked glycosylation sites.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Blood-based Liquid Biopsies to Inform Clinical Decision-making in Prostate Cancer (2021)

Traces of tumors can be isolated from blood samples from patients with prostate cancer either as whole cells or as DNA fragments. These traces provide information on tumor features. These minimally invasive tests can guide diagnosis and treatment selection.
Increased power operation of GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide p-i-n photodiodes with non-absorbing input facets, fabricated by quantum well intermixing (2003)

Conventional vertical access photodiodes, where the light is input perpendicular to the plane of the absorbing layer, suffer from low efficiency at RF modulation frequencies due to the thin intrinsic absorption region required for short carrier drift times. Horizontal access as waveguide photodiodes (WGPD) and travelling wave photodetectors (TWPD), where light is guided along the absorbing layer for several absorption lengths, circumvent this problem and allow /spl sim/100% absorption of the input signal despite extremely thin depleted regions (/spl sim/200 nm). One potential drawback of such devices is the catastrophic optical damage (GOD) which can occur at relatively modest power densities at the input facet of the waveguide. This is due to the temperature rise at the input facet. As many important applications of RF photodetectors require high power, this could be a severe limitation. Possible solutions to this problem include using very low absorption coefficient waveguides and the use of pseudo-window regions at the input facet. In the paper we present a simple method for producing a non-absorbing input facet function for a WGPD, or a TWPD, using quantum well intermixing (QWI) technology.
Review of Electrical and Thermal Properties of Carbon and Graphite (1976)

Several current, as well as earlier, research areas are reviewed: electrical properties of pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite; thermal, electrical and magnetic properties of graphitizable and glassy carbon with heat treatment temperatures between 873 K (600 C) and 2773 K (2500 C); Josephson Junctionlike and switching behavior in carbon films; and some high conductivity, as well as superconducting, compounds formed from carbon. Suggestions for needed research are made.
Two-dimensional scaling techniques for adaptive, rate-based transmission control of live audio and video streams (1994)

One of the major obstacles facing designers of video conferencing systems is the problem of ameliorating the effects of congestion on interconnected packet-switched networks that do not support real-time communication. We present a framework for transmission control that describes the current network environment as a set of sustainable bit and packet transmission-rate combinations and show that adaptively scaling both the bit and packet-rate of the audio and video streams can reduce the impact of congestion. We empirically demonstrate the validity of adapting both packet and bit-rate using a simple feedback mechanism and simple adaptation heuristics to deliver audio and video streams suitable for low-latency, high-fidelity playout.
Effective Binaural Multi-Channel Processing Algorithm for Improved Environmental Presence (2014)

Binaural noise-reduction algorithms based on multi-channel Wiener filter (MWF) are promising techniques to be used in binaural assistive listening devices. The real-time implementation of the existing binaural MWF methods, however, involves challenges to increase the amount of noise reduction without imposing speech distortion, and at the same time preserving the binaural cues of both speech and noise components. Although significant efforts have been made in the literature, most developed methods so far have focused only on either the former or latter problem. This paper proposes an alternative binaural MWF algorithm that incorporates the non-stationarity of the signal components into the framework. The main objective is to design an algorithm that would be able to select the sources that are present in the environment. To achieve this, a modified speech presence probability (SPP) and a single-channel speech enhancement algorithm are utilized in the formulation. The resulting optimal filter also avoids the poor estimation of the second-order clean speech statistics, which is normally done by simple subtraction. Theoretical analysis and performance evaluation using realistic recorded data shows the advantage of the proposed method over the reference MWF solution in terms of the binaural cues preservation, as well as the noise reduction and speech distortion.
Centrifugal Compressor Volute Design Software (2003)

Volutes are widely used in centrifugal compressors for industrial processes, refrigeration systems, small gas turbines and gas pipelines. However, large costs associated with the volute design and analysis process can be reduced with the introduction of a software design system that ties together both geometry creation and mesh generation having the ultimate intent of improving stage efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an integral part of engineering design. High quality grids need to be produced as part of the analysis process. Engineers of different expertise may be required to determine volute design constraints and parameters, produce the geometry, and generate a high quality grid. The current research aims to develop and demonstrate a volute design tool that allows design engineers the ability to easily and efficiently generate volute geometry and automate grid generation by means of geometrical constraints using functional relationships. The approach was outlined in [1]. Visualization of volute geometry can be in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) modes. Control of the diffuser upstream of the scroll, the scroll itself and the conic are totally integrated in the design system. The user can position the conic anywhere in space and control the shape of the conic centroid curve, therefore having complete control over the development of the tongue region. The program will output data for automated grid generation where user can control resulting grid properties. Once the desired design configuration has been determined, the users can output the geometry surfaces and wireframes to a Computer Aided Design (CAD) package for production. Every little detail is also incorporated into the software from volute draft angle, discharge conic centroid shape, to cross section fillet radii. Upon entering all the required constraints and parameters of the volute, the geometry is created in seconds. Grids can be generated in minutes accommodating geometrical changes thus reducing the bottlenecks associated with geometry/grid generation for CFD applications.
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-derived exosomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19 (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached a global epidemic across the world after first reported in Wuhan, China’s Hubei province in December 2019. The pandemic is also associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) characterized by excess inflammation, progressive arterial hypoxemia and dyspnea. Mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated as treatment for ARDS due to immunomodulatory property. Exosomes derived from MSCs play an important role in paracrine signaling of MSCs, thereby contributed to immunomodulation of the immune microenvironment. Exosomes are emerged as potential alternative to MSC cell therapy with superiority of safety. In this review, we will introduce MSC-derived exosomes and briefly discuss current progress on MSCs and exosomes in ARDS, which may have clinical implications in pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.
Exploring new horizons and sustainable technologies for recycling and waste management (2018)

Invited talk
In vivo microscopic assessment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using endobronchial optical coherence tomography: a prospective diagnostic study (2021)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal form of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Early diagnosis of IPF is essential, but often requires invasive surgery. We conduct a prospective study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) for IPF diagnosis as compared to concurrent surgical lung biopsy (SLB) and clinical follow-up diagnosis. EB-OCT was performed immediately prior to SLB in 27 ILD patients. EB-OCT was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for both histologic and clinical follow up diagnosis of IPF. The results demonstrate the potential of EB-OCT as minimally-invasive, low-risk in vivo method for microscopic IPF diagnosis.
Image Reconstruction from Real Dual Energy CT Data Using an Analytical Energy Response Model (2021)

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) enables access to the energy-dependence of the linear attenuation coefficient of X-rays. Such information can be used to perform material decomposition; and to subsequently compute mono-energetic images for contrast improvement and reduction of beam hardening artifacts compared to images obtained from single energy computed tomography (CT) systems. Last year at IEEE MIC, we introduced an analytical energy response model with embedded patient-specific scatter correction and demonstrated that this model performs well in the context of single material beam hardening correction. Here, the value of the model is investigated for material decomposition of real dual energy CT data. Specifically, we demonstrate that the model enables robust material decomposition for the ACR phantom from a state-of-the-art diagnostic CT scanner, under the assumption that the two scans are acquired in the same geometry.
Band Discontinuity at AlxGa1-xP/GaP Heterointerfaces Studied by Capacitance Measurements (1992)

The band discontinuity at Al x Ga 1- x P/GaP heterointerfaces for varying Al content has been studied by capacitance-voltage measurements and self-consistent numerical analysis of the apparent carrier concentration profile by taking account of the true heterointerface position and donor deionization. By extrapolating the results for the Al x Ga 1- x P/GaP system, it is shown that the band lineup of the AlP/GaP heterojunction is of type II with a conduction-band discontinuity of 0.23 eV. Discussion is presented of comparison with the previously reported values.
ChemInform Abstract: From Rigid Cyclic Templates to Conformationally Stabilized Acyclic Scaffold. Part 1. The Discovery of CCR3 Antagonist Development Candidate BMS‐639623 with Picomolar Inhibition Potency Against Eosinophil Chemotaxis. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fulvene to Cyclopentadienyl Conversion with Homoleptic Complexes of Zirconium and Hafnium (1999)

The reaction of 6,6-dimethylfulvene with M(CH2Ph)4 (M = Zr, Hf) in benzene gives [η5-C5H4(CMe2CH2Ph)]M(CH2Ph)3 (1, M = Zr; 2, M = Hf) without any observable byproducts. A similar reaction for M = Ti is not observed. The single-crystal X-ray study of 1 shows a three-legged piano-stool geometry with an η2-bound benzyl ligand. A second equivalent of 6,6-dimethylfulvene does not react with either 1 or 2. The bulkier 6,6-diphenyfulvene only reacts cleanly with the more Lewis acidic Hf(CH2Ph)4 to give [η5-C5H4(CPh2CH2Ph)]Hf(CH2Ph)3 (3). Using the tetraamido complexes M(NMe2)4 and 6,6-dimethylfulvene, one obtains dimethylamine and [η5-C5H4(CMeCH2)]M(NMe2)3 (4 for M = Zr) in good yield. These products are formally derived from the deprotonation of a fulvene methyl group and subsequent coordination of the resulting 2-propenylcyclopentadienyl fragment. Reaction of 4 and 6,6-dimethylfulvene affords the bent metallocene [η5-C5H4(CMeCH2)]2Zr(NMe2)2 (5). Excess 8,8-dimethylbenzofulvene and M(NMe2)4 provides exclusively the product with only one coordinated indene.
Supplementary Tables S1-S2 from Tumor-Promoting Effects of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Potentiated by Hypoxia-Induced Expression of miR-210 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S2. A panel of 50 genes (predicted mmu-miR-210 targets) chosen from microRNA target predictions tool RNA22 ; SYBR-GREEN RT-qPCR primers for ChIP assay .&lt;/p&gt;
GaTe semiconductor for radiation detection (2023)

GaTe semiconductor is used as a room-temperature radiation detector. GaTe has useful properties for radiation detectors: ideal bandgap, favorable mobilities, low melting point (no evaporation), non-hygroscopic nature, and availability of high-purity starting materials. The detector can be used, e.g., for detection of illicit nuclear weapons and radiological dispersed devices at ports of entry, in cities, and off shore and for determination of medical isotopes present in a patient.
313 Wave-acoustic consideration of absorber in Cabinet (2007)

In many electric equipments or engines, noise is often generated within the cabinet and propagates through the orifice and radiated to outer space. In order to reduce noise, absorbing meteraial can be set in the cabinet. As absorbing materials are in general expensive and requiring much space compared to metal or plastic materials, efficient setting is desired. The finite difference method in time domain (FDTD) can he applied to predict sound field in the cabinet. As configurations of equipments can be well represeted by non-uniform grid, the compact finite difference on that grid was applied.
Photophysical and photochemical insights into the photodegradation of tricyclazole and pymetrozine in water bodies of a rice field (2020)

Environmental context Photodegradation, a natural process for removing pesticides from water, is particularly important in rice fields with their large surface area and sunlight exposure. By studying two commonly used pesticides, we show that the properties of rice field water, such as dissolved organic matter, facilitate indirect photolytic processes while reducing direct photolysis. A better understanding of the natural degradation mechanisms for pesticides will inform their safer use in agriculture. Abstract Rice paddy fields (RFs) make ecologically important contributions to agricultural wetland ecosystems in south China. In recent years, the elevated use of pesticides has resulted in concerns over the water quality in RFs and their downstream aquatic environment. Photodegradation is important for the natural elimination of nonpoint source agricultural contaminants, and RF water provides an ideal environment for the photochemical removal of pesticides, owing to its large surface area and photic conditions. Therefore, in this study, the physical and photochemical properties of water collected from the irrigation area were investigated, along with the direct and indirect photodegradation of two commonly used pesticides in RFs, tricyclazole (TC) and pymetrozine (PYM). Results indicated that allochthonous-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) was abundant in the irrigation water, possibly originating from the decomposition of rice straw. Moreover, the light screen effect and the formation rate of singlet oxygen (1O2) and the triplet excited state of DOM (3DOM*) were generally increased in RF water, while the formation of HO• was marginally reduced. Evapoconcentration and photobleaching processes were found to correlate with crop leaf coverage and had a significant impact on the levels and compositions of water constituents. Finally, the photodegradation kinetics of TC and PYM further confirmed that RF water would facilitate indirect photolysis and reduce the direct photolysis of pesticides.
Halting the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors attenuates liver carcinogenesis in mice (2004)

It has been shown that angiogenesis plays an important role not only in tumor growth, but also in early carcinogenesis. The expression of a potent angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), increased during the early stage of carcinogenesis. In this study, the effects of the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies R1 mAb and R2 mAb of the VEGF receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR/Flk-1 (VEGFR-2), respectively, on murine hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were examined. The effects of R1 mAb and R2 mAb on spontaneous lung metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were also investigated. VEGF expression and neovascularization in the tumor increased stepwise during hepatocarcinogenesis. Treatment with both R1 mAb and R2 mAb markedly inhibited the development of HCC and adenoma in the liver. The inhibitory effect of R2 mAb was more potent than that of R1 mAb, and the combination treatment with both mAbs almost completely attenuated hepatocarcinogenesis. Both R1 mAb and R2 mAb treatment significantly suppressed the development of angiogenesis in HCC. The suppressive effects against angiogenesis R1 mAb and R2 mAb were similar in magnitude to their inhibitory effects against hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, spontaneous lung metastasis from HCC was also significantly suppressed by R1 mAb and R2 mAb treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that VEGF and receptor interaction plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis and in spontaneous lung metastasis from HCC.
Evolution of wave dispersion in periodic structures with increasing amplitude of corrugation (2015)

Computer simulations using the electromagnetic code HFSS show that increasing the amplitude of the periodic corrugation of slow wave structures (SWSs) leads to expanding stopbands and decreasing the maximal frequency in the first passband of a wave. Results of further increasing the amplitude decrease the cut-off frequency and result in the appearance of a backward wave in the phase interval of hd = (0 - π) (here d is the period of corrugation and h is the wavenumber). It is pertinent to note that in this case the usual interpretation of stopbands and passbands as bands of Bragg reflection or Bragg mode conversion becomes incorrect. It is also incorrect to interpret passbands and cut-off frequencies as the minimal frequencies for wave propagation. We found that backward waves appear not only in periodic systems with small period with respect to the wavelength as in metamaterial SWSs, but also in systems with large period that we demonstrate for sinusoidal and rectangular profiles of periodic corrugations. Above all, we found that cut-off frequencies for TM modes (frequencies that correspond to phases (2n+1)π, where n is the number of positive and negative spatial harmonics including n=0 on the dispersion diagram) decrease with increasing amplitude of corrugation, which is also a typical characteristic of metamaterial SWSs.