gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact, rigid, and high-power ultrafast laser system applying a glass-block cavity (2009)

We developed a compact Yb:YAG ceramic regenerative amplification system. A rectangular glass block is used to elongate the cavity. A pulse to be amplified is propagated in a long distance in the glass block by being reflected repetitively at the end faces of the glass under a condition of total internal reflection. Furthermore, we produced transmission gratings with a diffraction efficiency of more than 95%. The floor area of the entire amplification system is reduced to less than 2,000 cm<sup>2</sup>. In 20-kHz operation, the system generates 1.0-ps compressed pulses of 4.5-W average power, i.e., 0.225-mJ energy.
Biomechanical consideration based on the unrestrained gait measurement of trans-femoral amputee with a prosthetic limb (2011)

Trans-femoral amputees must regain moving pattern by refined rehabilitation program using loads applied on a prosthetic limb. On the other hand, understanding those loads is indispensable for biomechanical consideration of trans-femoral amputees. However, conventional prosthetic gait training systems cannot measure long continuous walking motions. In this paper, loads applied on trans-femoral prosthesis are measured by the prosthetic gait training system for the unrestrained gait measurement. As a result of the experiments, the patterns of moments about the medio-lateral axis are remarkably different among the six activities. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed prosthetic gait training system to analyze biomechanics in trans-femoral prosthesis is validated.
Optimization of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films for multilayers (1991)

The in situ growth of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films has been studied using e-beam coevaporation. The growth conditions for smooth YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ films with high T/sub c/ and J/sub c/ have been established. Superconductor-insulator (SI) and superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) structures have been grown using Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ as an epitaxial insulator, and preliminary vertical transport measurements in patterned structures are reported.
Figure S3 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (2023)

Figure S3 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Using Patterns in Microfiche as Photomasks in 10-μm-Scale Microfabrication (1999)

Microfiche has been used as the photomask in 1:1 contact photolithography to generate structures of photoresist with features as small as 10 μm. Optical reduction of images that were printed by a high-resolution image setter on transparent polymer sheets generated patterns in microfiche. The photoresist patterns generated using microfiche as the photomask are useful in the fabrication of elastomeric stamps/molds/membranes for soft lithography. Four test structures fabricated using microfiche as photomask and soft lithography are used to evaluate the utility and resolution of this technique.
Primary simple assays of cellulose-degrading fungi (2011)

Some 25 fungi, including at least 14 basidiomycetes, one ascomycete, and five anamorphic fungi were evaluated for their cellulose-degrading abilities in Difco potato dextrose broth or Difco malt extract broth cultures with cellulosic substrates (e.g., filter paper) in plastic Petri dishes. Among them, Peniophora sp. 06-13 and Phlebia sp. 99-335 reduced the dry weights of the whole cultures with these substrates more than the dry weights of the respective original substrates after 30 days of culture, showing definite cellulose degradation. In the cultures with more than 10 test fungi including Pycnoporus coccineus 84-117, such weight losses did not occur. This assay technique for the primary screening for cellulose degrading fungi is simple, inexpensive, reproducible and accurate.
Observation of the suppressed Λb0→DpK− decay with D→K+π− and measurement of its CP asymmetry (2021)

A study of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}$ baryon decays to the $Dp{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final state is presented based on a proton-proton collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. Two ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}$ decays are considered, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Dp{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, where $D$ represents a superposition of ${D}^{0}$ and ${\overline{D}}^{0}$ states. The latter process is expected to be suppressed relative to the former, and is observed for the first time. The ratio of branching fractions of the two decays is measured, and the $CP$ asymmetry of the suppressed mode, which is sensitive to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, is also reported.
Double the Band and Optimize (2012)

This article focuses on the design methodologies and performance optimization strategies of dual-band DPA. The state of art in dual-band DPA has been demonstrated with further considerations for optimizing overall performance. Two main optimization strategies are applied: using dual-band phase offset as an all-pass filter and unequal-power division at the input with distinct power division ratio at two frequencies of operation. The performance improvement with these optimization strategies is demonstrated with a case study of a dual-band DPA operating at 1.96 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The use of stub-loaded dispersive structures has been elaborated on in the design of various dual-band components employed in the dual-band DPA architecture. The dual-band DPA architecture, in theory, can be achieved from direct replacement of each single-band component with conventional dual-band components. In practice, however, several optimization strategies are needed to enhance the performance of the designed dual-band DPA. This article elaborated on some of the optimization strategies with appropriate design examples to demonstrate the use fulness of these optimization strategies.
Optimization of Storage-Referencing Gestures (2003)

We describe techniques for identifying and optimizing memory-accessing instruction sequences. We capture a sequence of such instructions, with the goal of sending the sequence as a single instruction from the CPU to a smart memory subsystem (IRAM or PIM). With a software/hardware codesign, the memory-accessing gestures can be rewritten as succinct superoperator instructions, and the gestures themselves could vary at runtime. As a result, the CPU executes fewer instructions and the CPU-memory bus is charged less often, resulting in lower power consumption. Reduction in power can be crucial for constrained, embedded systems. We discover gestures using a static and a dynamic approach, and we present data showing the presence of such gestures in real benchmarks (Java and C). We have shown the gesture-minimization problem to be NP-Complete, so we offer in this paper a heuristic approach the effectiveness of which we evaluate with experiments.
Formation and characterization of preferred oriented perovskite thin films on single-crystalline substrates (2018)

Three single-crystalline (Al2O3, GaN/Al2O3 and InAs) substrates are used to assist the formation of crystallographically preferred oriented CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) thin films. The estimation of the lattice mismatch at the MAPbI3/substrate interface and water-droplet contact angle experiments indicate that the formation of a preferred oriented MAPbI3 thin film is induced by the single-crystalline substrate and is insensitive to the surface wettibility of the substrate. Moreover, the experimental results suggest that the lattice mismatch at the MAPbI3/single-crystalline semiconductor interface can strongly influence the photovoltaic performance of tandem solar cells.
Construction of the CSIRO Fragment Library (2013)

A fundamental component of a successful fragment screening program is a productive fragment library, one that delivers hit fragments with potential for pharmaceutical development. A proprietary fragment library was developed by identifying and extracting subsets of CSIRO’s Compound Collection using two complimentary approaches. Over time, the use of surface plasmon resonance as a front-line screening tool has enabled identification and exclusion of problematic compounds and led to a more reliable fragment screening library.
High-Capacity Undersea Transmission (2017)

We discuss technologies that enable high-capacity and power-efficient undersea transmission. We review recent long-haul transmission experiments using conventional single mode fibers and multicore fibers for space division multiplexing.
Imaging of Perfusion, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Elasticity after Stroke (2012)

Blood flow interruption in a cerebral artery causes brain ischemia and induces dramatic changes of perfusion and metabolism in the corresponding territory. We performed in parallel positron emission tomography (PET) with [(15)O]H(2)O, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [(99m)Tc]hexamethylpropylene-amino-oxime ([(99m)Tc]HMPAO) and ultrasonic ultrafast shear wave imaging (SWI) during, immediately after, and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Positron emission tomography and SPECT showed initial hypoperfusion followed by recovery at immediate reperfusion, hypoperfusion at day 1, and hyperperfusion at days 4 to 7. Hyperperfusion interested the whole brain, including nonischemic areas. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated active angiogenesis at days 2 to 7, strongly suggestive that hyperperfusion was supported by an increase in microvessel density in both brain hemispheres after ischemia. The SWI detected elastic changes of cerebral tissue in the ischemic area as early as day 1 after MCAO appearing as a softening of cerebral tissue whose local internal elasticity decreased continuously from day 1 to 7. Taken together, these results suggest that hyperperfusion after cerebral ischemia is due to formation of neovessels, and indicate that brain softening is an early and continuous process. The SWI is a promising novel imaging method for monitoring the evolution of cerebral ischemia over time in animals.
MR-Elastographie der Prostata: Erste in-vivo Ergebnisse (2004)

Ziele: Untersuchung zur Durchführbarkeit der in-vivo MR-Elastographie der Prostata an gesunden Probanden. Methode: Entwicklung eines Messaufbaus zur Durchführung der in-vivo MR-Elastographie der Prostata mit anschließender Erprobung des Verfahrens an 5 gesunden Probanden. Die Applikation der mechanischen Wellen erfolgte in Bauchlage mittels externen Oszillators mit Ankopplung an die Symphyse. Unter Verwendung eines 1,5T MR-Tomographen (Phillips Medical Systems) und 4 zusammengeschalteter Oberflächenspulen erfolgten die Messungen der mechanischen Welle innerhalb der Prostata mit Hilfe einer bewegungssensitiven Spin-Echo Puls-Sequenz, die phasenstabil mit der mechanischen Anregung synchronisiert wurde. Es wurden aus den Wellenbildern innerhalb der interessierenden Messvolumina die lokalen Gewebehärten rekonstruiert. Ergebnis: Bei allen Probanden ließen sich zuverlässige Bilddaten mit ausreichendem SNR akquirieren. Eine suffiziente Penetration der mechanischen Welle in die Prostata konnte in allen Fällen beobachtet werden. Die rekonstruierten Elastizitätsverteilungen (Shear-Modulus) der gesunden Prostatae zeigten eine enge Korrelation zur zonalen Organanatomie. Schlussfolgerung: Die in-vivo MR-Elastographie der Prostata ist technisch möglich. Der entwickelte Messaufbau erlaubt sowohl die effiziente Einbringung der mechanischen Welle in die Prostata als auch eine zuverlässige Bilddatenakquisition.
Ultrasound beamformer using pipeline-operated S/H delay stages and charge-mode summation (2011)

The proposed ultrasound beamformer is based on the delay-and-sum beamforming principle. The circuit consists of several programmable delay lines. Each delay line is constructed by pipeline-operated sample-and-hold (S/H) stages with digitally-assisted delay control, which ensure delay-independent gain and good timing accuracy. The summation is realised in the charge domain using the charge-averaging method, which consumes virtually no extra die area or power. A prototype beamformer has been fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS process to interface nine transducer elements. Measurement results show that this circuit consumes much less power and chip area than the prior art, while maintaining good accuracy and flexibility.
Two-dimensional bipolar ferromagnetic semiconductors from layered antiferromagnets (2021)

Bipolar magnetic semiconductors (BMSs) are a class of compounds possessing different valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) in terms of electron spins, which are related to but distinct from half-metals. They allow one to switch one spin current to another by applying external gate voltage or chemical doping, which can meet the requirement of bipolar manipulation in spintronic devices. Designing and searching BMSs are still a challenge. Here we predict that monolayer ${\mathrm{CrPS}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{CrPSe}}_{4}$ are bipolar ferromagnetic semiconductors with Curie temperature 58 K and 82 K, respectively. We predicted that they can be exfoliated from their A-type antiferromagnetic bulk form. Electric-field gating could drive ${\mathrm{CrPS}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{CrPSe}}_{4}$ into half-metals with reversible spin-polarization directions, where the bipolar doping is relatively easier to access for ${\mathrm{CrPSe}}_{4}$ in experiment than ${\mathrm{CrPS}}_{4}$ for its suitable electron affinity and ionic potential. Furthermore, we highlight the role played by the different magnitude between spin exchange splitting and crystal field splitting in the formation of BMSs. The results presented here may provide new clues in designing or searching BMSs.
Odd–Even Chain Length‐Dependent Order in pH‐Switchable Self‐Assembled Layers (2004)

The reversible self-assembly of a series of bipolar amphiphiles, alpha,omega-bis(3- or 4-amidinophenoxy)alkanes (chain length n = 5-12), on mercaptoalkanoic acid-functionalized gold surfaces (chain length n = 10, 11, 14, 15) has been studied by in-situ ellipsometry, IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The layer order, amphiphile orientation, and tendency to form bilayers depends on the position of the amidine substituent, the alkyl chain length of both the amidine amphiphile and the underlying acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and whether the amidine alkyl chain contained an even or odd number of methylene groups. Thus, para-substituted bisbenzamidines containing more than six methylene groups (n>6) and with an odd number (n = 7, 9, 11) tended to form bilayered structures, whereas those containing an even number formed monolayers when adsorbed on SAMs of the long-chain acids (n = 14, 15). This behavior also correlated with the average tilt angle of the benzene moieties of the amphiphiles, as estimated by IRAS. The odd-numbered chains gave lower tilt angles than the even-numbered ones, and a possible model that accounts for these results is proposed. IRAS also revealed a higher order of the odd-numbered chains and an increasing hydrogen-bonding contribution with increasing chain length. Additional evidence for the proposed bilayered assemblies and their reversibility was obtained by AFM. Images obtained from the assembly of decamidine on a SAM of mercaptohexadecanoic acid in a pH 9 borate buffer revealed domains of similar size to that of the underlying acid SAM (20-30 nm), but less densely packed. By acidifying the solution, the second layer was destabilized and a very smooth layer with few defects appeared. Further acidification to pH 3 also destabilized the first layer.
Semiconductor-dielectric Multilayer surface magnetoplasmon planar hyperlens (Presentation Recording) (2015)

The magnetically controlled planar hyperlens which consists of an InSb-PMMA multilayered structure is proposed and analyzed. The ability of the proposed hyperlens to resolve subwavelength structures at THz region is demonstrated by electromagnetic numerical simulation. The asymmetric field pattern in the hyperlens is caused by the surface magnetoplasmon (SMP) propagating in the InSb-PMMA waveguide. By using transfer matrix method and the effective medium approach of the investigated components, the role of SMP played in the super-resolution is elucidated. Furthermore, the super-resolution of the proposed device under various frequencies is accomplished by merely changing the value of external magnetic field. The proposed device would provide a practical route for multi-functional material, real-time super-resolution imaging, photolithography, and THz imaging.
Process for component separation utilizing miscibility depression near a freezing point (2023)

A process for separating a mixture of components is disclosed. A liquid mixture is provided to a separation vessel substantially near a temperature at which a product component freezes. The liquid mixture comprises the product component and a carrier component. The product component and the carrier component are essentially immiscible substantially near the temperature. The liquid mixture is separated into two or more phases, the two or more phases comprising a product component-rich liquid phase and a product component-depleted liquid phase. In this manner, a mixture of components is separated.
Mouse Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Type 2α Gene: Isolation, Distribution, Pharmacological Characterization and Regulation by Stress and Glucocorticoids (2004)

Effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides are mediated through activation of two receptors, CRF receptor (CRFR) 1 and CRFR2. Based on the homology between known mammalian CRFR genes, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the mouse CRFR2alpha (mCRFR2alpha) ortholog from brain. The isolated cDNA encodes a 411-amino acid protein with high identity to the rat (approximately 97%) and human (approximately 93%) receptors. Central and peripheral expression of mCRFR2alpha, determined by RT-PCR followed by Southern hybridization, revealed that mCRFR2alpha is restricted mainly to brain structures, with highest levels in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb. In situ hybridization showed mCRFR2alpha localization in discrete brain regions, including the lateral septum and the ventromedial hypothalamus, whereas mCRFR2beta is found only in the choroid plexus. Binding and signaling of CRF-related ligands was studied using COS-M6 or HEK293T cells transiently transfected with mCRFR2alpha. Urocortins (Ucns) show different affinities for binding to mCRFR2alpha: Ucn 3 binds mCRFR2alpha with approximately 11-fold lower affinity than Ucn 2, which displays an affinity similar to Ucn 1 (approximately 1 nm). Cyclase activation, determined by intracellular cAMP accumulation and cAMP response element-luciferase activity, showed no differences between CRFR2alpha and CRFR2beta in response to stimulation by Ucn 1, Ucn 2, and Ucn 3. Interestingly, Ucn 3 was less efficacious than Ucn 1 or Ucn 2 in activating MAPK (ERK1/2-p44/p42) via CRFR2alpha, but all three Ucns showed equivalent efficacy for activating MAPK through mCRFR2beta. We found a significant reduction in hypothalamic mCRFR2alpha mRNA levels after acute and chronic restraint stress in mice. Hypothalamic mCRFR2alpha gene transcription in mice was inhibited by glucocorticoid administration and elevated by adrenalectomy. In addition, we demonstrated that the mCRFR2alpha gene is increased in the hypothalamus of the CRFR1-null compared with wild type mice. The predicted mCRFR2alpha promoter region was isolated and fused to a luciferase reporter gene and found to be decreased by glucocorticoids in a dose and time-dependent manner when transfected into CATH.a cells. Computer analysis revealed the presence of 23 putative half-palindromic glucocorticoid response element sequences within 2.4 kb of the mCRFR2alpha 5' flanking region. Elucidation of the structure and processing of the mCRFR2 gene and examination of the mCRFR2alpha gene regulation in various conditions will enable better understanding of the involvement of this receptor in the central response to stress in normal and transgenic mice models.
Closed loop class-D amplifier with nonlinear loop integrators (2009)

In many integrated class-D audio amplifiers large linear capacitors are used to create the triangular reference signals for generation of PWM signals. In this paper, an integrated class-D amplifier is presented that uses a control loop with area efficient nonlinear gate oxide capacitors. A model is used to show that the nonlinearity does not degrade the THD performance. A comparison with a similar control loop using linear capacitors is made. Measurements and simulations on two amplifiers with linear and nonlinear capacitors confirm that nonlinear capacitors do not introduce additional distortion.
The Oxygen‐Mediated Synthesis of 1,3‐Butadiynes in Continuous Flow: Using Teflon AF‐2400 to Effect Gas/Liquid Contact (2011)

The gas is always greener: A continuous flow Glaser–Hay coupling reaction system, mediated by molecular oxygen, is developed based on a tube-in-tube gas/liquid reactor/injector. The system uses a semi-permeable Teflon AF-2400 membrane to effect rapid gas/liquid contact in flow, affording homogeneous solutions of oxygen. Measurements of out-gassing downstream of the back-pressure regulator indicate the onset of saturation is reached after about 16 seconds.
Toward Prediction of Alkane/Water Partition Coefficients (2008)

Partition coefficients were measured for 47 compounds in the hexadecane/water ( P hxd) and 1-octanol/water ( P oct) systems. Some types of hydrogen bond acceptor presented by these compounds to the partitioning systems are not well represented in the literature of alkane/water partitioning. The difference, DeltalogP, between logP oct and logP hxd is a measure of the hydrogen bonding potential of a molecule and is identified as a target for predictive modeling. Minimized molecular electrostatic potential ( V min) was shown to be an effective predictor of the contribution of hydrogen bond acceptors to DeltalogP. Carbonyl oxygen atoms were found to be stronger hydrogen bond acceptors for their electrostatic potential than heteroaromatic nitrogen or oxygen bound to hypervalent sulfur or nitrogen. Values of V min calculated for hydrogen-bonded complexes were used to explore polarization effects. Predicted logP hxd and DeltalogP were shown to be more effective than logP oct for modeling brain penetration for a data set of 18 compounds.
Foreword (2012)

Welcome to VTS 2012, the thirtieth in a series of annual symposia that focus on innovation in the field of testing of integrated circuits and systems.
Lowering Cholesterol With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Reply (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the comments of Dr Goldstein and Drs Mazur and Herbert regarding our recent report in<i>JAMA</i>. We have data available on changes in low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in five of the eight patients reported (Table). In three of these patients HDL-cholesterol decreased slightly, but in all instances the decrease in HDL-cholesterol was proportionally less than the decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, resulting in a lower low-density lipoprotein/HDL cholesterol ratio. In one of the patients HDL-cholesterol levels increased during GM-CSF therapy and in the other patient there was no real change in HDL-cholesterol levels. The low-density lipoprotein/HDL cholesterol ratios decreased in all patients, a favorable direction in considering the possible treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis with GM-CSF or other factors that use similar mechanisms. Our findings are indeed preliminary, but we are actively exploring the mechanism of action of GM-CSF's cholesterollowering activity. As