gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Dynactin Complex in Intracellular Motility (1998)

Dynactin is a multisubunit complex that binds to the minus-end-directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein and may provide a link between the motor and its cargo. Results from genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, and Drosophila have suggested that cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin function in the same cellular pathways. p150Glued, a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila gene Glued, is the largest polypeptide in the dynactin complex with multiple protein interactions. Centractin, the most abundant dynactin subunit polypeptide, forms an actin-like filament at the base of the complex. Studies on dynamitin, the 50-kDa dynactin subunit, predict a role for dynactin in mitotic spindle assembly. Other subunits of dynactin have also been cloned and characterized; these studies have provided insight into the role of the complex in essential cellular processes.
Supplementary Table 7 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Simple and complex SVs reconstructed from SV breakpoints.&lt;/p&gt;
Organic transistors on paper: a brief review (2019)

Organic transistors for flexible electronics applications are usually fabricated on polymeric substrates, but considering the negative impact of plastic waste on the global environment and taking into account the desirable properties of paper, there are more and more efforts to use paper as a substrate for organic transistors.
[Clinical analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection]. (1994)

In 14 patients from which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated at the Department of Urology, Tone Chuo Hospital June, 1992 and October, 1993, the site of infection, background of patients, and drug resistance were analyzed. The 14 patients consisted of 11 males and 3 females between 45 and 85 years old with a mean of 71.6 years. The site from which MRSA was isolated was urine in 11, wound in 2, nasal cavity in 1, pharynx in 1, and renal fistula in 1 (detected at 2 or more sites in 2). The underlying condition was prostate hyperplasia in 2, prostate cancer in 4 (after radical prostatectomy in 1, complicated by bladder stone in 1), bladder tumor in 3, (during bladder instillation of BCG in 1), perirenal abscess in 2, renal pelvic tumor in 1, neurogenic bladder in 1, and after Boari's operation in 1. Urethral catheterization had been performed in 3. A fewer of 38 degrees C or above was noted in 3. Mixed infection was observed in 10, and was caused by Escherichia coli in 2, Proteus mirabiris in 1, Candida in 1, Klebsiella in 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2, and Serratia in 2. Four patients has previously been administered antibiotics, which were third generation cephems in 3 and penicillin in 1. The drug sensitivity was 100% for vancomycin (VCM), 30% for imipenam (IMP), 31% for minomycin (MINO), 31% for amikacin (AMK), and 7% for fosfomycin (FOM). As for chemotherapy, VCM+FOM+sulbactam/cefoperazone were administered to 6, and ceftazidime+ MINO were administered to 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Notch1IC Partially Replaces EBNA2 Function in B Cells Immortalized by Epstein-Barr Virus (2001)

Immortalization of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) depends on the virally encoded EBNA2 protein. Although not related by sequence, the cellular Notch protein and EBNA2 share several biochemical and functional properties, such as interaction with CBF1 and the ability to activate transcription of a number of cellular and viral genes. Whether these similarities are coincidental or exemplify EBNA2 mimicry of evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways is unclear. We therefore investigated whether activated forms of Notch could substitute for EBNA2 in maintaining the immortalized phenotype of EBV-infected B cells. To address this question, we devised a transcomplementation system using EREB2.5 cells. EREB2.5 cells are immortalized by EBV expressing a conditional estrogen receptor EBNA2 fusion protein (EREBNA2), and cellular proliferation is dependent on the availability of estrogen. Withdrawal of estrogen results in inactivation of EREBNA2, leading to growth arrest and eventually to cell death. Transduction of EREB2.5 cells with a lentiviral vector expressing wild-type EBNA2 rescued EREB2.5 cells from the growth-inhibitory effects of estrogen deprivation, in contrast to transduction with the lentivirus vector alone. EREB2.5 cells were also rescued by enforced expression of human Notch1IC after estrogen starvation, but this effect was restricted to cells expressing high levels of the transcription factor. Compared to wild-type EBNA2-expressing EREB2.5 cells, the Notch-expressing cells expanded more slowly after estrogen starvation, and once established, they continued to display a lower proliferation rate. Analysis of viral and cellular gene expression from transduced EREB2.5 cells after estrogen withdrawal indicated that both wild-type EBNA2- and Notch1IC-positive cells expressed c-Myc at levels similar to those found in parental EREB2.5 cells. However, the latter cells expressed LMP-1 far less efficiently than cells transduced with the wild-type EBNA2 gene. Cells rescued by either wild-type EBNA2 or Notch1IC expressed surface CD21 and CD23 proteins, but not CD10, indicating that induction of relevant type III latency markers was maintained. The data imply that both Notch and EBNA2 activate an important subset of cellular genes associated with type III latency and B-cell growth, while EBNA2 more efficiently induces important viral genes, such as LMP-1. Thus, exploitation of conserved Notch-related signaling pathways may represent a key mechanism by which EBNA2 contributes to EBV-induced cell immortalization.
FreeNet: Spectrum and Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks (2015)

The dramatic mobile data traffic growth is not only resulting in the spectrum crunch but is also leading to exorbitant energy consumption. It is thus desirable to liberate mobile and wireless networks from the constraint of the spectrum scarcity and to rein in the growing energy consumption. This article introduces FreeNet, figuratively synonymous to "Free Network", which engineers the spectrum and energy harvesting techniques to alleviate the spectrum and energy constraints by sensing and harvesting spare spectrum for data communications and utilizing renewable energy as power supplies, respectively. Hence, FreeNet increases the spectrum and energy efficiency of wireless networks and enhances the network availability. As a result, FreeNet can be deployed to alleviate network congestion in urban areas, provision broadband services in rural areas, and upgrade emergency communication capacity. This article provides a brief analysis of the design of FreeNet that accommodates the dynamics of the spare spectrum and employs renewable energy.
Profiling of Enzymatic Activities Using Peptide Arrays (2011)

Applications of peptide arrays in the field of enzyme profiling are described in detail. Focus is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimization for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for other enzymes like lysine methyl transferases and ATP-ribosyltransferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological fluids like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms will be analysed. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarized comprehensively. Keywords: Kinase, peptide microarray, phosphatase, protease, SPOT synthesis, substrate specificity, enzyme profiling, ATP-ribosyltransferases
Spectrally encoded imaging (2011)

Spectrally encoded imaging is an optical imaging method that utilizes a diffraction grating for rapidly acquiring images of internal organs in vivo through a small endoscopic probe. In this presentation, we will present our recent research regarding spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and spectrally encoded endoscopy.
Wideband tunable fiber short-pass filter based on side-polished fiber with dispersive polymer overlay (2004)

It is known that dispersive fiber has an LP01 mode cutoff wavelength that acts as a wavelength filter. With a dispersive polysiloxane polymer overlay on a side-polished single-mode fiber, an in-line tunable fiber short-pass filter with a tuning range of approximately 400 nm (1250-1650 nm) and a temperature variation of 15 degrees C was demonstrated. The rejection efficiency was greater than 50 dB, whereas the insertion and polarization-dependent losses were below 0.26 and 0.09 dB, respectively.
A New Class of Inhibitors for the Malarial Aspartic Protease Plasmepsin II Based on a Central 11‐Azatricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca‐2,4,6‐triene Scaffold (2003)

Abstract A new class of nonpeptidic inhibitors of the malarial aspartic protease plasmepsin II (PMII) with up to single‐digit micromolar activities ( IC 50 values) was developed by structure‐based de novo design. The active‐site matrix used in the design was based on an X‐ray crystal structure of PMII, onto which the major conformational changes seen in the structure of renin upon complexation of 4‐arylpiperidines – including the unlocking of a new hydrophobic (flap) pocket – were modeled. The sequence identity of 35% between mature renin and PMII had prompted us to hypothesize that an induced‐fit adaptation around the active site as observed in renin might also be effective in PMII. The new inhibitors contain a central 11‐azatricyclo[6.2.1.0 2,7 ]undeca‐2(7),3,5‐triene core, which, in protonated form, undergoes ionic H‐bonding with the two catalytic Asp residues at the active site of PMII ( Figs. 1 and 2 ). This tricyclic scaffold is readily prepared by a Diels  Alder reaction between an activated pyrrole and a benzyne species generated in situ ( Scheme 1 ). Two substituents with naphthyl or 1,3‐benzothiazole moieties are attached to the central core ( Schemes 1 – 4 ) for accommodation in the hydrophobic flap and S1/S3 (or S2′, depending on the optical antipode of the inhibitor) pockets at the active site of the enzyme. The most‐potent inhibitors (±)‐ 19a – 19c ( IC 50 3–5 μ M ) and (±)‐ 23b (2 μ M ) ( Table ) bear an additional Cl‐atom on the 1,3‐benzothiazole moiety to fully fill the rear of the flap pocket. Optimization of the linker between the tricyclic scaffold and the 1,3‐benzothiazole moiety, based on detailed conformational analysis ( Figs. 3 and 4 ), led to a further small increase in inhibitory strength. The new compounds were also tested against other aspartic proteases. They were found to be quite selective against renin, while the selectivity against cathepsin D and E, two other human aspartic proteases, is rather poor ( Table ). The detailed SARs established in this investigation provide a valuable basis for the design of the next generations of more‐potent and ‐selective PMII inhibitors with potential application in a new antimalarial therapy.
CRF IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME: A COMPARISON WITH THE DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST (1988)

Accurate differential diagnosis of the precise cause of Cushing's syndrome can be difficult, and conventional tests such as those based on the use of dexamethasone may be misleading. We have therefore studied the cortisol and ACTH responses to ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41) in 28 consecutive patients with Cushing's syndrome, and compared the diagnostic value of this test with that of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (8 mg/day for 48 h). Of 20 patients with confirmed Cushing's disease (pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome), only 16 (80%) showed the expected 50% or more suppression of serum cortisol following high-dose dexamethasone administration. Four patients each with adrenal adenomas and three patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome failed to suppress, while a child with probable Cushing's disease showed a variable response depending on the dose used. Following CRF stimulation, 15 out of the 20 patients (75%) with Cushing's disease showed an excessive rise in serum cortisol, outside the normal range, while in five the response to CRF-41 was normal on at least one occasion. None of the patients with adrenal adenomas or the ectopic ACTH syndrome showed a cortisol response to CRF. Thus, either test on its own may be misleading in differentiating Cushing's disease from other causes of the syndrome. Every patient with Cushing's disease, however, showed either suppression in response to high-dose dexamethasone or an excessive cortisol response to CRF testing. It appears, therefore, that the combination of the high-dose dexamethasone and the CRF test, with measurement of serum cortisol, is superior to either test alone in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
A modified mordant technique for staining plant chromosomes (2003)

The ability to produce ferric acetate in house has provided a new mordant source for use in Newcomer's fluid (6:3:1:1:1 isopropanol, propionic acid, acetone, petroleum ether, 1,4-dioxane) for species with small chromosomes. This method improves on one first published in 1970.
Thiol Ester Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Glutathione S-Transferase A1-1 (1998)

rGSTA1-1 has been shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of the thiol ester glutathionyl ethacrynate (E-SG). In contrast, neither the retro-Michael addition with the substrate EA-SG, to yield GSH and ethacrynic acid (EA), nor the conjugation reaction between GSH and EA to yield the thiol ester E-SG was catalyzed to any measurable extent under similar conditions. The steady state kcat and KM for hydrolysis of E-SG by wild type rGSTA1-1 were 0.11 +/- 0.009 min-1 and 15.7 +/- 1.6 mM, respectively. The site-directed mutant, Y9F, in which the catalytic Tyr-9 is substituted with Phe, was completely inactive in this reaction. To uncover a mechanistic signature that would distinguish between direct hydrolysis and covalent catalysis involving acylation of Tyr-9, solvent isotope exchange and mass spectrometry experiments were performed. No 18O incorporation into the starting thiol ester was detected with initial velocity solvent isotope exchange experiments. However, covalent adducts corresponding to acylated protein also were not observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, even with an assay that minimized the experimental dead time and which allowed for detection of N-acetyltyrosine acylated with EA in a chemical model system. The kon and koff rate constants for association and dissociation of E-SG were determined, by stopped flow fluorescence, to be 5 x 10(5) s-1 M-1 and 6.7 s-1, respectively. Together with the isotope partitioning results, these rate constants were used to construct partial free energy profiles for the GST-catalyzed hydrolysis of E-SG, assuming that Tyr-9 acts as a general acid-base catalyst. The "one-way flux" of the thiol esterase reaction results directly from the thermodynamic stability of the products after rate-limiting attack of the thiol ester by H2O or Tyr-9, and is sufficient to drive the hydrolysis to completion, in contrast to GST-catalyzed breakdown of other GSH conjugates.
Dificultad en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis en pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y variables que determinan el inicio de un tratamiento empírico antituberculoso (2007)

Introducción: la coexistencia de VIH y tuberculosis (TB) dificulta el diagnóstico de TB y retarda la indicación del tratamiento específico. Con los objetivos de identificar las variables que se relacionaron con la dificultad de un diagnóstico de TB y documentar aquellas que determinaron el inicio de un tratamiento específico empíricamente, se realizó la revisión de los tratamientos empíricos antituberculosos iniciados en la Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas en un período de cinco años. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Definiciones: TB confirmada: cultivo de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB altamente probable: granulomas o caseum en citología/histopatología o directo de baciloscopía positivo. TB probable: remisión de la fiebre antes de los 15 días del inicio de tratamiento y paciente vivo al alta. TB no confirmada o no TB: no cumple ninguno de los criterios anteriores o se obtiene otro diagnóstico. Grupo A: TB confirmada y altamente probable; grupo B: TB probable. Resultados: se incluyeron 92 pacientes. El grupo A representó 82% (n=75) y fueron consideradas TB verdaderas. Se documentó una diferencia significativa en el nivel de CD4 entre el grupo A y B, 234±120 células/ml y 94±72 células/ml respectivamente (p=0,0007). Un conjunto de variables determinaron el inicio de un tratamiento empírico en la mayoría de los pacientes, siendo la asociación de fiebre prolongada, clínica respiratoria e imágenes compatibles las que se consideraron más frecuentemente. Conclusiones: la severa inmunodepresión marca una dificultad para hacer diagnóstico definitivo de TB. La identificación de un conjunto de variables permiten al clínico el inicio de un tratamiento empírico antituberculoso en pacientes VIH con un elevado acierto diagnóstico posterior.
On-line capacitance and dissipation factor monitoring of AC stator insulation (2010)

A new on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of ac motor and generator stator windings is proposed. The approach uses a newly developed High-Sensitivity Current Transformer (HSCT) to precisely and non-invasively measure the differential current (e.g., the insulation current) of each phase winding from the motor junction box. Conventional differential current transformers (CT) used for fault protection can be replaced with the new HSCT to measure the winding insulation current with higher sensitivity and accuracy. The HSCT can serve both motor health monitoring and motor protection functions. Presently, indicators for insulation condition such as capacitance (C), dissipation factor (DF), or insulation power factor (PF) are only obtainable off-line. The new approach can provide a low-cost solution for on-line motor insulation condition assessment. Validation of the new HSCT technology was carried out during an accelerated life testing of a 460 V, 100 HP, 1200 RPM form wound induction motor. The motor discussed in this paper was aged at high temperature (255 °C) as the load cycled between 0 % and 200 % every 5 minutes. Although this highly accelerated life test does not represent how a motor ages in service under real operating conditions precisely, the principal goal was to prove the capability of the new HSCT to accurately detect the insulation current and quantitatively monitor motor insulation gradual aging and health. On-line data from the HSCT correlated well with off-line data from a commercial capacitance and DF bridge. It is hoped that the benefits of the on-line motor health monitoring are fully realized and the method extended to other electrical assets as well.
[Madelung's lipomatosis of the neck--expression of an alcohol-induced endocrine disorder?]. (1986)

An uncommon case of a patient with Madelung's disease (Launois-Bensaude disease, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis) is reported. Moreover, the patient suffered from alcoholic hepatomegaly, an atrophic right kidney, Dupuytren's contracture of both hands, hyperuricemia and psoriasis. The etiology of Madelung's disease is discussed.
Synergy Between Plasma‐Assisted ALD and Roll‐to‐Roll Atmospheric Pressure PE‐CVD Processing of Moisture Barrier Films on Polymers (2015)

The synergy between fast (1600 nm · min −1 ), roll‐to‐roll plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PE‐CVD) SiO 2 layers and plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposited (PA‐ALD) ultra‐thin Al 2 O 3 films has been investigated in terms of moisture permeation barrier properties. The effective and intrinsic water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) were studied as a function of the number of ALD cycles. It was demonstrated that a synergistic combination of a silica buffer layer deposited on polymer with an ultra‐thin (≤ 2 nm) alumina barrier film can provide excellent intrinsic (10 −5 –10 −6 g · m −2 · day −1 ) and good effective (∼10 −3 g · m −2 · day −1 ) WVTR values, whereas both single layers individually exhibit poor barrier performances with effective WVTR values of ≥ 1.0 g · m −2 · day −1 .
A novel and rapid approach to estimate patient-specific distortions based on mDIXON MRI (2019)

While MRI-only radiation treatment planning (RTP) is becoming more widespread, a robust clinical solution for patient-specific distortion corrections is not available. This work explores B <sub>0</sub> mapping based on mDIXON imaging, often performed for MR-only RTP, as an alternative to separate dual-acquisition gradient-recalled echo imaging, with the overarching goal of developing an efficient and robust approach for patient-specific distortion correction. Initial benchmarking was conducted by scanning a phantom and generating B <sub>0</sub> field maps with two approaches: (1) conventional B <sub>0</sub> mapping and (2) experimental mDIXON imaging. Distortion maps were derived from the field maps and compared. The head and neck regions, including brain, of ten healthy volunteers were then evaluated at 1.5 T and 3 T. Distortion maps were again compared between approaches, using difference maps and histogram analysis. Overall, conventional B <sub>0</sub> mapping was well approximated by mDIXON imaging: The distortions of 95% of the voxels in the phantom estimated by mDIXON and conventional B <sub>0</sub> mapping differed by <0.02 mm (1.5 T) and <0.04 mm (3 T), while the 95-percentiles of the distortions estimated by conventional B <sub>0</sub> mapping were <0.06 mm (1.5 T) and <0.12 mm (3 T). In head and neck the distortions of 99% of the voxels were within ±0.2 mm at 1.5 T for both approaches and within ±0.4 mm and ±0.5 mm at 3 T for mDIXON imaging and conventional B <sub>0</sub> mapping, respectively. The majority of differences in vivo were confined to regions with high spatial variation of the B <sub>0</sub> field, mostly around internal air cavities. For 1.5 T, the mDIXON imaging-based correction alone reduced the 95-percentile of distortions from 0.15 mm to 0.03 mm and within the brain from 0.06 mm to 0.02 mm. Slightly lower reductions were observed at 3 T. In conclusion, mDIXON imaging closely approximated conventional B <sub>0</sub> mapping for patient-specific distortion assessment. Estimates in the brain were in good agreement, and slight differences were observed near air/tissue interfaces in the head and neck. Overall, mDIXON imaging-based B <sub>0</sub> field maps may be advantageous for rapid patient-specific distortion correction without additional imaging.
Large-Area X-Ray Topographs of Lattice Undulation of Bonded Silicon-On-Insulator Wafers (2003)

X-ray topographs of bonded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers were obtained using a synchrotron large X-ray beam. Wrinkled patterns in a micrometer scale were observed all over the wafers. Crumpled patterns were also observed, which were related to the lattice undulation at the average spatial interval of about 6 mm with the tilt angle of the order of ten arcsec. From the comparison with the topographs between the SOI layer and the substrate, it was also found that the warpage of the lattice plane of the SOI layer was different from that of the substrate.
Inside Cover: A New, Highly Conductive, Lithium Salt/Nonionic Surfactant, Lyotropic Liquid‐Crystalline Mesophase and Its Application (Chem. Eur. J. 14/2012) (2012)

Highly concentrated aqueous solutions of lithium salts (LiCl, LiNO3, and LiClO4) and a nonionic surfactant (10-lauryl ether) form lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases. The new mesophases display high ionic conductivities (10−2–10−4 S cm−1) over a broad temperature range (−10 to 80oC) and exhibit excellent behavior as gel-electrolytes in electrochemical applications. For more details see the Communication by Ö. Dag et al. on page 4190 ff.