gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5623: Synergy of the immunomodulators GM-CSF and imiquimod for peptide-based therapeutic vaccines (2010)

Abstract All approved immunomodulators currently in use with therapeutic peptide-based cancer vaccines in are of only moderate efficacy in terms of direct activation of antigen-presenting cells which is a key prerequisite for efficient priming of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Moreover, induction of immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is further hampered by an in most cases immunosuppressive environment in cancer patients and by effective tolerization of the immune system against self-antigens, as the majority of TAAs is not exclusively expressed in tumors but also to some extent present on normal tissues. Because the reliable induction of tumor-directed immune responses is crucial for the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines, novel immunomodulator regimens have to be introduced into clinical testing to achieve a better clinical outcome. Therefore, we analyzed safety and efficacy of several approved immunomodulatory substances and combinations thereof in a dedicated pre-clinical screening program. The combination of subcutaneously (s.c.) applied granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with topical application of the TLR7 ligand imiquimod resulted in synergistic enhancement of peptide-vaccine induced CTL responses without any signs of toxicity or cumulated adverse effects. GM-CSF applied s.c. combined with imiquimod cream applied topically to the shaved skin of C57BL/6 mice at the vaccination site significantly increased the number of vaccine-specific CTLs induced by s.c. vaccinations with model MHC class I-binding peptides compared with either substance alone. The induced immune response was comparable to the effect of CpG deoxyoligonucleotides or poly-IC, two potent immunomodulators currently not approved and therefore not widely available for clinical trials in humans. However, the timing of imiquimod application in relation to the vaccination schedule is crucial, as the synergistic effect of imiquimod and GM-CSF was only observed, if imiquimod was applied at the day of vaccination and/or 24 h later, but not if imiquimod was applied the day before peptide vaccination. In total, 45 mice were immunized with the combination of GM-CSF and imiquimod without any signs of local or systemic toxicities. Further results from in vitro activation assays with human PBMCs and isolated antigen-presenting cells and the distinct molecular mechanisms of immunostimulation employed by both substances provide further support for the anticipated safety of this regimen in humans. GM-CSF and imiquimod is therefore considered as a promising and safe alternative immunomodulator regimen for future clinical trials. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5623.
Chondrogenesis and Mineralization During In Vitro Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Three-Dimensional Woven Scaffolds (2010)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and three-dimensional (3D) woven poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are promising tools for skeletal tissue engineering. We hypothesized that in vitro culture duration and medium additives can individually and interactively influence the structure, composition, mechanical, and molecular properties of engineered tissues based on hMSCs and 3D poly(ɛ-caprolactone). Bone marrow hMSCs were suspended in collagen gel, seeded on scaffolds, and cultured for 1, 21, or 45 days under chondrogenic and/or osteogenic conditions. Structure, composition, biomechanics, and gene expression were analyzed. In chondrogenic medium, cartilaginous tissue formed by day 21, and hypertrophic mineralization was observed in the newly formed extracellular matrix at the interface with underlying scaffold by day 45. Glycosaminoglycan, hydroxyproline, and calcium contents, and alkaline phosphatase activity depended on culture duration and medium additives, with significant interactive effects (all p < 0.0001). The 45-day constructs exhibited mechanical properties on the order of magnitude of native articular cartilage (aggregate, Young's, and shear moduli of 0.15, 0.12, and 0.033 MPa, respectively). Gene expression was characteristic of chondrogenesis and endochondral bone formation, with sequential regulation of Sox-9, collagen type II, aggrecan, core binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfα1)/Runx2, bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and osteocalcin. In contrast, osteogenic medium produced limited osteogenesis. Long-term culture of hMSC on 3D scaffolds resulted in chondrogenesis and regional mineralization at the interface between soft, newly formed engineered cartilage, and stiffer underlying scaffold. These findings merit consideration when developing grafts for osteochondral defect repair.
A slime mold’s remembrance of things past (2021)

Structures from the Stone Age can provide unique insights into Late Glacial and Mesolithic cultures around the Baltic Sea. Such structures, however, usually did not survive within the densely populated Central European subcontinent. Here, we ...The Baltic Sea basins, some of which only submerged in the mid-Holocene, preserve Stone Age structures that did not survive on land. Yet, the discovery of these features is challenging and requires cross-disciplinary approaches between archeology and ...
The Polonovski Rearrangement of Benzylideneaminoacetic Acid N-Oxides with Acid Anhydrides (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Polonovski Rearrangement of Benzylideneaminoacetic Acid N-Oxides with Acid AnhydridesStanley C. Bell and Peter H. L. WeiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 10, 3576–3577Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01021a514https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01021a514research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
All things are created twice, but the surgeon only gets one chance: bronchoscopy marking may help the surgeon to perform sublobar resection (2018)

We would like to thank Professor Sato for his interest and positive comments regarding our work. In an era of minimally invasive thoracic surgery [video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS)], minimally invasive sublobar resection (SLR) represents a serious challenge especially for small peripheral nodules (SPNs) or ground glass opacities (GGOs).
Validating acoustical simulations in the Bell Labs Box (2002)

Researchers at Cornell University constructed a simple real-world scene, the Cornell Box, in which they carefully measured the lighting, geometry, and reflectance properties of every surface and duplicated it in a 3D computer graphics model. Using this simple and controlled experimental setup, they were able to make meaningful comparisons between global illumination simulations and photographs of the scene and provide explanations for the differences. Motivated by the Cornell Box's success, we've built a simple experimental setup for validating sound propagation simulations. Our setup, the Bell Labs Box, comprises a simple configuration of planar surfaces with a speaker and a microphone. Although the room's basic configuration is a simple six-sided box, we constructed it with reconfigurable panels that we can insert or remove to create various interesting geometries, including ones with diffracting panels.
Expanding the diversity of unnatural cell surface sialic acids (2003)

Novel chemical reactivity can be introduced onto cell surfaces through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. This technique exploits the substrate promiscuity of cellular biosynthetic enzymes to deliver unnatural monosaccharides bearing bioorthogonal functional groups into cellular glycans. For example, derivatives of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) are converted by the cellular biosynthetic machinery into the corresponding sialic acids and subsequently delivered to the cell surface in the form of sialoglycoconjugates. Analogs of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are also metabolized and incorporated into cell surface glycans, likely through the sialic acid and GalNAc salvage pathways, respectively. Furthermore, GlcNAc analogs can be incorporated into nucleocytoplasmic proteins in place of {beta}-O-GlcNAc residues. These pathways have been exploited to integrate unique electrophiles such as ketones and azides into the target glycoconjugate class. These functional groups can be further elaborated in a chemoselective fashion by condensation with hydrazides and by Staudinger ligation, respectively, thereby introducing detectable probes onto the cell. In conclusion, sialic acid derivatives are efficient vehicles for delivery of bulky functional groups to cell surfaces and masking of their hydroxyl groups improves their cellular uptake and utilization. Furthermore, the successful introduction of photoactivatable aryl azides into cell surface glycans opens up new avenues for studying sialic acid-binding proteins and elucidating the role of sialic acid in essential processes such as signaling and cell adhesion.
Ecofining: New Process for Green Diesel Production from Vegetable Oil (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction From Vegetable Oil to Green Diesel UOP/Eni Ecofining Process Life Cycle Assessment Conclusion References
Circularly Polarized Soft X-Ray High Harmonics and XMCD on a Tabletop (2015)

We present the first circularly-polarized soft X-ray harmonics to photon energies &gt;160eV. Bright phase matched beams are used to characterize important materials with intrinsic perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for the first time using tabletop sources.
Reactions of Anilines and Benzamides with a 14-Electron Iridium(I) Bis(phosphinite) Complex:  N−H Oxidative Addition versus Lewis Base Coordination (2006)

Anilines react with (POCOP)Ir(C(6)H(5))(H), 12, (POCOP = 2,6-(OPtBu(2))(2)C(6)H(3)) to yield equilibrium mixtures of 12, the Ir(I) sigma-complexes (POCOP)Ir(NH(2)Ar), 13, and the Ir(III) oxidative addition adducts (POCOP)Ir(H)(NHAr), 14. Quantitative studies of these equilibria for a series of anilines were carried out. Anilines possessing electron-withdrawing groups favor the Ir(III) oxidative addition adduct over the Ir(I) sigma complex. Low temperature studies using p-chloroaniline show that the Ir(I) sigma-complex is the kinetic product of reaction and is likely the precursor to the Ir(III) oxidative addition adduct. Reductive elimination of complexes 14 in the presence of ethylene led to the corresponding anilines and the ethylene complex (POCOP)Ir(C(2)H(4)). Kinetic analysis of these reactions for 14e,f,g bearing electron-withdrawing aryl groups (Ar- = p-CF(3)C(6)H(4)-, C(6)F(5)-, 3,5-bis(CF(3))C(6)H(3)-) shows the rate is independent of ethylene concentration. The DeltaG(double dagger) values for these reductive eliminations fall in the range of 21-22 kcal/mol. X-Ray analysis establishes 14f (Ar- = C(6)F(5)-) as a square pyramidal complex with the hydride occupying the apical site. Reaction of 12 with benzamides 21a,b yields quantitatively the Ir(III) oxidative addition adducts, (POCOP)Ir(H)(NHC(O)Ar), 22. X-Ray analysis of 22b (Ar- = C(6)F(5)-) shows significant interaction of the carbonyl oxygen with Ir in the site trans to hydride. The barrier to reductive elimination of 22a, 29 kcal/mol, is substantially higher than for complexes 14e,f,g.
KIT and PDGFRA Mutations and the Risk of GI Stromal Tumor Recurrence (2015)

GISTs with an identical KIT or PDGFRA mutation may have widely varying risks for recurrence. Most of the patients with PDGFRA mutations and those with KIT exon 11 duplication mutation or deletion of one codon have favorable RFS with surgery alone and are usually not candidates for adjuvant therapy.
Predictor of effectiveness of treatment intensification on overall survival in head and neck cancer (HNC) (2018)

Background: Predictors of the effectiveness of intensive treatment for locoregionally advanced HNC are lacking. We developed and validated a predictive model to identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment intensification (altered fractionation (AFX) or chemotherapy (CT)) based on the relative hazard for cancer recurrence vs. competing mortality, with patients at higher risk for recurrence relative to non-cancer mortality classified as “high risk.” Methods: We analyzed 22,398 HNC patients treated on randomized trials testing CT and AFX. For predictive model training, we applied a risk score based on generalized competing event (GCE) regression to the MARCH dataset (11,174 patients, 30 trials) and compared this to a risk score based on a Cox model for progression-free survival (PFS). We externally tested both models on the MACH-NC dataset (11,355 patients, 54 trials). Normalized model inputs included age, performance status (PS), sex, site, T and N category, P16 status, and smoking history. P16 and smoking were available for 18% and 49% of patients in MARCH, respectively, but not in MACH-NC. Risk strata were defined as low, medium, and high based on PFS or GCE score tertiles. We assessed for interactions between risk strata and AFX or CT on overall survival (OS). Results: Factors associated significantly with GCE risk score were age, PS, tumor site, T and N category, and P16 status. The effect of AFX in MARCH was greater in the medium and high (HR [95% CI]=0.91 [0.84-0.98]; 0.92 [0.85-0.99]) vs. low risk group (HR = 0.97 [0.90-1.05]; p = 0.15 for interaction; p = 0.03 for risk score>85th percentile) defined by GCE model. When applied to MACH-NC, the effect of CT on OS was significantly greater in the medium and high (HR = 0.86 [0.78-0.88]; 0.81 [0.75-0.88]) vs. the low risk group (HR = 0.96 [0.86-1.08]; p = 0.014 for interaction). In contrast, the effects of AFX and CT were similar across PFS model strata, indicating its lack of predictive ability (p > 0.05 for all interactions). 30% of patients older than 70 belonged to a GCE risk group benefitting from CT. Conclusions: GCE risk score is better than PFS risk score for predicting the benefit of intensive treatment on OS in HNC. This work is on behalf of MARCH/MACH-NC Collaborative Group and of the HNCIG. Legal entity responsible for the study: Loren Mell. MD. Funding: UCSD Head and Neck Cancer Center of Excellence. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Evidence for selection as a mechanism in the concerted evolution of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. (1986)

The nuclear gene sequences encoding RBCS, the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) from several plants show extensive interspecific divergence but little intraspecific divergence, suggesting that these genes are evolving in concert within a genome. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) RBCS genes and a cDNA clone containing the entire coding region of a third tomato RBCS gene were determined. The three genes, designated Rbcs-1, Rbcs-2A, and Rbcs-3A, each belong to a different one of the three RBCS loci in the tomato genome. The nucleotide sequence of Rbcs-1 differs from that of Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A by 13.9% and 13.1%, respectively. Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A differ from each other by 10.7%. A recently published RBCS gene sequence from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [Mazur, B. J. & Chui, C.-F. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 2373-2386] differs by 10.6% and 11.3% from Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A, respectively, and by 15.0% from Rbcs-1. Thus the tobacco gene seems to be phylogenetically as closely related to the tomato genes Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A as the latter two are to each other, and more closely related to them than Rbcs-1 is. However, the mature part of the polypeptide encoded by the tobacco RBCS gene differs by five and six amino acids from the corresponding region in the polypeptides encoded by Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A, respectively, while these two tomato RBCS polypeptides differ from each other in the mature part by a single amino acid. Rbcs-1, whose nucleotide sequence shows higher divergence from both the tobacco RBCS gene and Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A, encodes a polypeptide whose mature part differs by eight amino acids from the corresponding region in the tobacco polypeptide but only by three and four amino acids from the corresponding regions of Rbcs-2A- and Rbcs-3A-encoded polypeptides, respectively. Thus, it appears that in the tomato selection has maintained near uniformity of the coding information in the portion of the RBCS genes encoding the mature polypeptides.
Cyber Resiliency Automation Using Blockchain (2019)

Protecting organization assets from malicious attack is key to an organization business continuity goal. Most of the organizations are aware of security threats and have invested time and effort in defining a security strategy. The security strategy identifies the technology, policies, people and the processes required to deal with security breaches. However cyber incidents continue to rise and often attackers find new ways to cause damage. Since its difficult to prevent cyberattacks the focus should be more on how to respond and recover quickly from attacks. The cyber resilient approach must be based on the latest threats and needs continuous improvement. Often organizations feel that they have a cyber resilience process that works but during an attack they struggle to recover. This is mainly due to the fact that the process has many pitfalls and is not up to date. This paper briefly discusses some of the drawbacks in the processes and suggests a process utilizing blockchain which provides better security and ability to recover.
Wavelength Tunable Antenna Coupled Infrared Detectors (2001)

A tuned antenna-coupled infrared detector is made possible by application of a bias voltage in the range of a few hundred millivolts. The use of first and second antenna arms connected to the detector makes possible polarization tuning which eliminates the need for bulk-optical polarization filters. An alternative tuned detector is one in which the antenna is frequency tuned by a capacitative device to make the detector particularly responsive to 8 um to 12 um infrared radiation. When integrated into focal plane arrays, these detectors can be used in remote-sensing systems to facilitate enhanced image recognition, feature extraction and image-clutter removal. One preferred version of the polarization tuned antenna has longitudinal metal antenna arms extending outward from an infrared(IR) sensor in a spiral pattern, with polarization tuning devices connected between the antenna arms, and a voltage for controlling the polarization tuning devices, wherein the polarization tuning devices e
Process optimization for high electron mobility in nMOSFETs with aggressively scaled HfO/sub 2//metal stacks (2006)

The performance of aggressively scaled (1.4nm<T/sub inv/<2.1nm) self-aligned HfO/sub 2/-based nMOSFETs with various metal gate electrodes (W, TaN, TiN, and TaSiN) is optimized. It is shown that high mobility values, competitive with oxynitride controls (SiON/poly-Si, T/sub inv//spl sim/1.8-2.1nm), can be achieved. Detailed studies of the role of interface states, remote charges in the HfO/sub 2/ layer, interfacial layer regrowth, and nitrogen-induced charge lead to the conclusion that high-temperature-induced structural modifications near the SiO/sub 2//HfO/sub 2/ interface substantially improve the electron mobility.
Abstract 3324: Evidence for label-retaining tumor initiating cells in human glioblastoma (2011)

Abstract Individual tumor cells display diverse functional behaviors in terms of proliferation rate, cell-cell interactions, metastatic potential and sensitivity to therapy. Moreover, sequencing studies have demonstrated surprising levels of genetic diversity between individual patient tumors of the same type. Tumor heterogeneity presents a significant therapeutic challenge as diverse cell-types within a tumor can respond differently to therapies, and inter-patient heterogeneity may prevent the development of general treatments for cancer. One strategy that may help overcome tumor heterogeneity is the identification of tumor subpopulations that drive specific disease pathologies for the development of therapies targeting these clinically relevant subpopulations. Here we have identified a dye-retaining brain tumor population that displays all the hallmarks of a tumor-initiating subpopulation. Using a limiting dilution transplantation assay in immuno-compromised mice, label-retaining brain tumor cells display elevated tumor initiation properties relative to the bulk population. Importantly, tumors generated from these label-retaining cells exhibit all the pathological features of the primary disease. Together, these findings confirm dye-retaining brain tumor cells as drivers of tumor initiation and therefore viable targets for the development of therapeutics targeting this subpopulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3324. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3324
BOOKS (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTBOOKSExcellent Antidote To ChemophobiaRICHARD N. ZARECite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 15, 41–44Publication Date (Print):April 10, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 10 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n015.p041https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n015.p041book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Atmospheric chemistry,Plant derived food Get e-Alerts