gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombelastgram as a Hemostatic Monitor during Recombinant Factor VIla Treatment in Hemophilia A Patients with Inhibitor to Factor VIII (1996)

Thrombelastgram (TEG) is an old but automated instrument that demonstrates changes occurring during blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. TEG was evaluated to be better than activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as a monitor of hemostatic effects when using recombinant factor VIIa (65-80 mu g/kg) in 3 hemophilia A patients with a high titer of factor VIII inhibitors. TEG was more suitable than APTT, because r, r + k and ma values of TEG were normalized at least for 4 h after the infusion, whereas APTT was variably shortened and was not always maintained at a normal level for 4 h.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds from Aldehydes by Hydrogen Atom Transfer Photocatalysis and Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis (2019)

Abstract Enantioenriched 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds are versatile synthons in natural product and pharmaceutical drug synthesis. We herein report a mild pathway for the efficient enantioselective synthesis of these compounds directly from aldehydes through synergistic cooperation between a neutral eosin Y hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst and a chiral rhodium Lewis acid catalyst. This method is distinguished by its operational simplicity, abundant feedstocks, atom economy, and ability to generate products in high yields (up to 99 %) and high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee ).
CO2 Electroreduction on Mono- and Bi-Metallic M-N-C Catalysts (2021)

The production of syngas by traditional processes such as steam methane reforming is energetically expensive and leads to substantial CO2 emissions. This strongly motivates the development of CO2 electroreduction at ambient conditions. As a family of non-precious metal catalysts, transition metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts are cost effective and highly selective towards syngas production1,2. In this presentation, we will show our current research into mono and bi-metallic nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C, M = Fe, Mo or FeMo) electrocatalysts for syngas production. The electrocatalyst composition (i.e. the Fe:Mo ratio in the bimetallic electrocatalyst) was tuned, in combination with the potential applied, to control the selectivity and therefore the electrocatalyst' ability to generate syngas. We show that a higher ratio of iron to molybdenum leads to an increase in selectivity to CO over H2 production. We show a greatly improved production rate for CO using traditional Fe-N-C which maxes out at a CO partial current density higher than that of commercial Ag nanoparticles (jco= -30.9 mA/cm2geo at -1.1 VRHE) using a custom-built flow cell. The difficulties and importance of considering intrinsic catalytic activity is stressed to compare electrocatalytic activity. Apart from catalyst composition, reaction conditions can also substantially alter the electrochemical CO2/H2O co-electrolysis3. The catalyst composition can be used as an engineering control for the desired product selectivity by using a variable precursor metallic ratio in bi-metallic M-N-C catalysts. Potential control may be used alongside variations in reaction conditions for the dynamic control over the selectivity to syngas.
Stab modes in photonic crystal optical waveguides (2000)

Photonic crystals 1,2 with line defects can be used for guiding light. In all the proposals and demonstrations of photonic bandgap (PBG) waveguides, the guiding modes outside the photonic backgap.
Progress in Cr and Fe Doped ZnSe and ZnS Polycrystalline Materials and Lasers (2014)

Progress in fabrication and mid-IR lasing of Cr and Fe thermal-diffusion doped ZnSe/S polycrystals is reported. Multi-Watt-level (30W) CW output, tunability in excess of 1000nm, short-pulse (&lt;50fs) multi-watt oscillation, multi-Joule long-pulse output energy are demonstrated.
Optical properties of Sc-doped Al2O3translucent ceramics for radiation measurements (2018)

A series of alumina (Al2O3) ceramics doped with different concentrations of scandium (Sc) were synthesized by using spark plasma sintering (SPS) for characterizing luminescence properties. Two emission bands around 340 and 440 nm were observed under excitation of 280 nm as well as during X-ray irradiations. The emission bands, which were ascribed to F+- and F-centers, respectively, showed lifetimes on the order of microsecond. The lifetime, especially for scintillation, increases with increasing dopant concentration. The number of glow peaks in thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) after X-ray irradiation effectively decreases with increasing doping concentration. When doped with 2.0% Sc, the glow curve consists of only a single peak, and a stable storage was experimentally confirmed up to 1000 min after the irradiation. Furthermore, the TSL monotonically responds to the incident X-ray dose in the range of 0.5–10000 mGy.
Future Engine Technology in Hand-Held Power Tools (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Today mankind is using highly sophisticated tools which contribute to maintain the standard of living. Nevertheless, these tools have to be further improved in the near future in order to protect health and environment as well as to ensure prosperity. Two-stroke engines equipped with a carburettor are the most used propulsion technology in hand-held power tools like chain saws and grass trimmers. The shortage of fossil resources and the necessary reduction of carbon dioxide emissions ask for improved engine efficiency. Concurrently, customers demand for an easy usage with high performance at all operating conditions, e.g. varying ambient temperature and pressure and different fuels. Moreover, world-wide emission limits will be even stricter in future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The improvement of the emission level, fuel consumption and customer benefits, while keeping the present advantages of two-stroke engines, like high specific power and simplicity, are the goals of this research work. This paper describes the experimental results of several low-cost electrical mixture formation systems (low pressure direct injection, semi-direct injection and external mixture formation) in combination with a two-stroke engine. 3D-CFD simulations have supported the experimental investigations in order to gain insight into the complex interactions. Based on simulation and experimental results, the fundamentals of the different mixture formation processes are discussed. The results indicate potential for reducing emissions and fuel consumption while gaining additional benefits for the customer. With these improvements the two-stroke engine technology will likely be still the most used engine technology in hand-held power tools in the future although competitors like four-stroke and electrical engines show great technical advances in this small engine technology segment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On the Escaig obstacle hypothesis for cross-slip in face-centered-cubic materials (2011)

There is a significant body of literature wherein a linear approximation of Escaig's model is used to justify the large experimentally measured activation-volumes for cross-slip in face-centered-cubic copper. Here, by examining the error between the linear approximation and the original theory, we show that this explanation is not satisfactory. The calculated value for activation volume in copper, using Escaig's original equations, yields ∼60b 3 (b = Burgers vector) while the linear approximation yields 200b 3, the latter result fortuitously matching the experimental values.
Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vector cloning of the MYCN amplified domain in neuroblastomas. (1991)

About 25% of human neuroblastomas have amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene, and this feature is associated with advanced stages of disease and rapid tumor progression. Estimates of the size of the amplicon range from 300 to 3,000 kb, with MYCN at or near the center. It has been determined previously that there is considerable conservation of the amplified sequences among different neuroblastomas, and very few rearrangements have been found. We decided to clone the entire amplified domain in YACs to assess the size, structure and organization of the amplified sequences in neuroblastomas and to identify novel or junctional sequences at the ends of an amplicon in double minutes (dmins) or in the germline. A YAC library was constructed from the SMS-KAN cell line, which contains dmins and has about 150 copies of MYCN. About 5,000 clones from this library were screened with MYCN as well as other probes from the amplified domain. To date, 16 YACs have been identified, with a median size of 240 kb (range 50-460 kb). These YAC clones can be arranged in a contiguous, linear map of greater than or equal to 1 megabase. Our data suggest that most neuroblastomas with MYCN amplification also amplify a region that is a megabase or more in size, making this the largest amplified domain cloned to date. The very large size suggests that there are other genes near MYCN whose expression is important in mediating the aggressive phenotype associated with MYCN amplification, or, alternatively, that the nearest origin of replication may be a considerable distance from MYCN.
The Development and Application of NMR Methodologies for the Study of Degradation in Complex Silicones (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Applications of NMR for Characterizing Silicones Highlights of Recent Advances in NMR Methodology Conclusions and Outlook Acknowledgements
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage by Palladium Nanoparticles Fabricated in a Redox‐Active Metal–Organic Framework (2009)

Quick on the uptake: Palladium nanoparticles were fabricated simply by immersing {[Zn(3)(ntb)(2)(EtOH)(2)]4 EtOH}(n) (1) in an MeCN solution of Pd(NO(3))(2) at room temperature, without any extra reducing agent. 3 wt % PdNPs@[1](0.54+)(NO(3)(-))(0.54) significantly increase H(2) uptake capacities, both at 77 K and 1 bar and at 298 K and high pressures (see picture, red curve) compared to [Zn(3)(ntb)(2)](n) (black). ntb = 4,4',4''-nitrilotrisbenzoate.
Correction: Recombinant HIV Envelope Proteins Fail to Engage Germline Versions of Anti-CD4bs bNAbs (2013)

Vaccine candidates for HIV-1 so far have not been able to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) although they express the epitopes recognized by bNAbs to the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env). To understand whether and how Env immunogens interact with the predicted germline versions of known bNAbs, we screened a large panel (N:56) of recombinant Envs (from clades A, B and C) for binding to the germline predecessors of the broadly neutralizing anti-CD4 binding site antibodies b12, NIH45-46 and 3BNC60. Although the mature antibodies reacted with diverse Envs, the corresponding germline antibodies did not display Env-reactivity. Experiments conducted with engineered chimeric antibodies combining the mature and germline heavy and light chains, respectively and vice-versa, revealed that both antibody chains are important for the known cross-reactivity of these antibodies. Our results also indicate that in order for b12 to display its broad cross-reactivity, multiple somatic mutations within its VH region are required. A consequence of the failure of the germline b12 to bind recombinant soluble Env is that Env-induced B-cell activation through the germline b12 BCR does not take place. Our study provides a new explanation for the difficulties in eliciting bNAbs with recombinant soluble Env immunogens. Our study also highlights the need for intense efforts to identify rare naturally occurring or engineered Envs that may engage the germline BCR versions of bNAbs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 5‐(4′‐Methyl(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stability of the MIRAS amplitude calibration (2012)

Efficient methods to characterize and mitigate long-and short- term drifts in SMOS data have been developed after careful analysis of the external and internal calibration parameters and by accurate modeling of the individual receiver front-ends. A method to characterize this drift has been successfully developed and used to reduce the measured antenna temperature variations.
The internalization study for Ga-68-DOTANOC in sstr2 expressed AR4-2J cells (2012)

1473 Objectives DOTANOC (DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide), a somatostatin analog, displays high affinity to the somatostatin receptors, i.e. sstr2, 3, 5. Those subtypes are highly expressed in many varieties of tumor cells. Thus, DOTNOC could be labeled with the generator-produced positron emitting radionuclide Gallium-68 (Ga-68) as a potential tumor PET imaging agent. In this study, we evaluated the rate of tumor cell line, as an indicator for the tumor uptake. Methods The effects of cell number, temperature, and mass of DOTANOC to the internalization were studied. To study the effect of cell number, DOTANOC was labeled with 62.2MBq Ga-68 eluted from the Ge-68/Ga-68 radionuclide generator, and added to different numbers of AR4-2J cells (1×10^5, 5×10^5, 2×10^6) with appropriately concentration. The reaction plate was then incubated at 37 celsius degree for one hour. Non-specific binding was measured by adding 100 times concentration of DOTANOC as the blocking agent. To study the temperature effect, the same procedure in a cell number of 2×10^6 was conducted in different incubation temperatures (0 or 37 celsius degree ), and various mass (20, 30 and 50μg) of DOTANOC was used for Ga-68 labeling when the mass effect was studied. Results The results clearly indicated that the specific internalized signal was positively correlated to the cell numbers used in the assay with a maximum cell numbers of 2×10^6. The specific internalization of Ga-68-DOTANOC nearly did not occur at 0 celsius degree that is consistent to the behavior of endocytosis which is a temperature-dependent cell motion. It was also observed that the less amount of DOTANOC used for labeling with Ga-68 could lead to the higher internalization rate. Conclusions The internalization of Ga-68-DOTANOC in the tumor cells was studied in AR4-2J cells, and the results could provide some useful information for the in vivo study of this potential somatostatin receptor ligand in the future
In‐Cell EPR: Progress towards Structural Studies Inside Cells (2019)

Exploring the structure and dynamics of biomolecules in the context of their intracellular environment has become the ultimate challenge for structural biology. As the cellular environment is barely reproducible in vitro, investigation of biomolecules directly inside cells has attracted a growing interest. Among magnetic resonance approaches, site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy provides competitive and advantageous features to capture protein structure and dynamics inside cells. To date, several in-cell EPR approaches have been successfully applied to both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. In this review, the major advances of in-cell EPR spectroscopy are summarized, as well as the challenges this approach still poses.
dc and ac Electro-optic response of chromophores in a viscoelastic polymer matrix: analytical model (2002)

We present an analytical model of the influence of a polymer matrix on the electro-optical and second-order nonlinear optical response of polymer films. The interaction between the chromophores and the matrix is characterized by a local molecular field with a randomly varying orientation throughout the polymer volume. The macroscopic properties of the polymer are subsequently obtained by averaging over the fluctuating direction of the field. We consider the influence of the polymer matrix on both static and dynamic properties. In both cases, our results are valid at arbitrarily large field strengths because we avoid resorting to usual expansion techniques. The mathematically demanding ac case is treated in a variational approach, and results for the frequency dependent electro-optic response are presented. The model is found to be in qualitative agreement with the observed temperature dependence of the frequency dependent electro-optic response of a Disperse Red 1/poly(methyl methacrylate) guest/host polymer if an exponentially decreasing molecular field is assumed.
Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate on the Electrical Properties of a Transparent SiON/Ag/SiON Multilayer (2011)

We report the effects of oxygen flow rate on the electrical properties of transparent silicon oxynitride (SiON)/Ag/SiON multilayer films, whose layers were formed via continuous sputtering. The SiON/Ag/SiON multilayer that was sputtered at low oxygen flow rates (below 0.6 sccm) showed metallic conduction (dρ/dT > 0) with a resistivity of 2.013 × 10−4 Ohm-cm, while SiON/Ag/SiON film grown at high oxygen flow rates exhibited insulating behavior. These opposing electrical behaviors are related to the transition of the inserted Ag layer from a continuous layer to a layer of randomly disconnected islands with increasing oxygen flow rate.
BioPartsDB: a synthetic biology workflow web-application for education and research (2016)

joel.bader@jhu.edu.
Thioridazine enhances sensitivity to carboplatin in human head and neck cancer cells through downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 expression (2017)

Carboplatin is a less toxic analog of cisplatin, but carboplatin also has side effects, including bone marrow suppression. Therefore, to improve the capacity of the anticancer activity of carboplatin, we investigated whether combined treatment with carboplatin and thioridazine, which has antipsychotic and anticancer activities, has a synergistic effect on apoptosis. Combined treatment with carboplatin and thioridazine markedly induced caspase-mediated apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (AMC-HN4) cells. Combined treatment with carboplatin and thioridazine induced downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Ectopic expression of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP inhibited carboplatin plus thioridazine-induced apoptosis. We found that augmentation of proteasome activity had a critical role in downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression at the post-translational level in carboplatin plus thioridazine-treated cells. Furthermore, carboplatin plus thioridazine induced upregulation of the expression of proteasome subunit alpha 5 (PSMA5) through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. In addition, combined treatment with carboplatin and thioridazine markedly induced apoptosis in human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB231) and glioma (U87MG) cells, but not in human normal mesangial cells and normal human umbilical vein cells (EA.hy926). Collectively, our study demonstrates that combined treatment with carboplatin and thioridazine induces apoptosis through proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP by upregulation of Nrf2-dependent PSMA5 expression.
Enhanced tribological properties of lotus leaf-like surfaces fabricated by capillary force lithography (2007)

The surface topography of a real lotus leaf was successfully replicated using a capillarity directed soft lithographic technique. The replication was carried out on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film coated on a silicon wafer. The friction property of the patterned surfaces was investigated on a microscale. Its friction coefficient was almost six times lower than that of the PMMA thin film. The reduced real area of contact projected by the patterned surface appears to be the main reason for its superior friction property.
Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape (2016)

Ionic-organic ratchets are asymmetric devices that allow for the generation of electrical power from electromagnetic noise signals by means of a charge pump mechanism. Here we present a new low-cost and flexible ionic-organic ratchet, based on aluminium foil and adhesive tape with graphite pencil-drawn source and drain electrodes. Two different electrode configurations are considered that allow the AC frequency response of the ratchets to modulate over two orders of magnitude. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
J031042 Effects of Glass Fiber Cloth Structure on Thermal Stress Analysis of Substrate with Through-hole (2011)

The glass epoxy substrates are commonly used for printed circuit boards (PCBs). They are composed of glass fiber cloths and epoxy resins. But in many cases they are modeled as homogeneous isotropic elastic bodies because of the computational restriction.In this study, we modeled the glass cloth structures of glass epoxy substrates and carried out the thermal stress analysis of the substrate with through-hole by using large-scale FEM analysis.The result of glass cloth model analysis agreed better with the experimental result than the result of homogeneous isotropic elastic body model.
Four-Wave Mixing Mediated Stabilization of an Orthogonally Coupled Monolithic CPM Laser (2013)

We experimentally confirm four-wave mixing process as the dominant mechanism responsible for injection locking in case of a novel monolithically integrated orthogonally coupled colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) laser.
Living Biomaterials (2017)

Convergent advances in the fields of synthetic chemistry, soft matter, molecular self-assembly, and the -omics era point to a new generation of synthetic biomaterials that are indistinguishable in form and function from biological matter. Such living biomaterials comprise a "Holy Grail" of the chemical sciences that will transform both modern medicine and materials design.
Integrated visual analysis of patterns in time series and text data - Workflow and application to financial data analysis (2015)

In this article, we describe a workflow and tool that allows a flexible formation of hypotheses about text features and their combinations, which are significantly connected in time to quantitative phenomena observed in stock data. To support such an analysis, we combine the analysis steps of frequent quantitative and text-oriented data using an existing a priori method. First, based on heuristics, we extract interesting intervals and patterns in large time series data. The visual analysis supports the analyst in exploring parameter combinations and their results. The identified time series patterns are then input for the second analysis step, in which all identified intervals of interest are analyzed for frequent patterns co-occurring with financial news. An a priori method supports the discovery of such sequential temporal patterns. Then, various text features such as the degree of sentence nesting, noun phrase complexity, and the vocabulary richness, are extracted from the news items to obtain meta-patterns. Meta-patterns are defined by a specific combination of text features which significantly differ from the text features of the remaining news data. Our approach combines a portfolio of visualization and analysis techniques, including time, cluster, and sequence visualization and analysis functionality. We provide a case study and an evaluation on financial data where we identify important future work. The workflow could be generalized to other application domains such as data analysis of smart grids, cyber physical systems, or the security of critical infrastructure, where the data consist of a combination of quantitative and textual time series data.