gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An assessment of variable thickness and fiber orientation of the skeletal muscle layer on electrocardiographic calculations (1991)

This paper assesses the effectiveness of including variable thickness and fiber orientation characteristics of the skeletal muscle layer in calculations relating epicardial and torso potentials. A realistic model of a canine torso which includes extensive detail about skeletal muscle layer thickness and fiber orientation is compared with two other uniformly anisotropic models: one of constant thickness and the other of variable thickness. First, transfer coefficients are calculated from the model data. Then torso potentials for each model are calculated from the transfer coefficients and measured epicardial potentials. The comparison of calculated and observed torso potentials indicates that a simple model consisting of a uniformly anisotropic skeletal muscle layer of 1.0-1.5 cm constant thickness significantly improves the model. However, if photographic slices of the canine torso are used to introduce more detailed data about the variation in skeletal muscle thickness and fiber orientation into the model, the agreement and between calculated and measured torso potentials decreased, although a finite element mesh of over 5000 nodes was used to describe the skeletal muscle in the more detailed model. One source of error increase was considered to be due to numerical discretization and could be reduced with a much finer mesh or by utilizing higher order polynomials to represent the potential distribution within each finite element. However, the results presented in this paper show that high precision computation (64-bit word length) on the mainframe IBM 3081 with an attached FPS-164 gives a slow rate of improvement with reduced discretization intervals and that utilizing higher order polynomials within each finite element gives an even slower rate of improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topical Administration of HSV gD-IL-2 DNA Is Highly Protective Against Murine Herpetic Stromal Keratitis (2002)

Topical immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding gD-IL-2 totally prevented the development of herpetic stromal keratitis. This procedure is a simple and convenient method for possible clinical application in the future.
Potential antitumor agents. 48. 3'-Dimethylamino derivatives of amsacrine: redox chemistry and in vivo solid tumor activity (1987)

Structure-activity relationships for a series of acridine-substituted 3'-N(CH3)2 derivatives of the clinical antileukemic drug amsacrine (1) are reported. The parent (unsubstituted) compound 3 has activity against the Lewis lung solid tumor that is superior to amsacrine (1), the new clinical amsacrine analogue 4, and the recently developed 3'-NHCH3 derivative 2. Although the compounds generally bind less well to DNA and are less dose potent in vivo than either their amsacrine (3'-OCH3) or 3'-NHCH3 analogues, they show very high levels of antitumor activity, with the 4-OCH3 derivative capable of effecting 100% cures of the Lewis lung solid tumor. The broad structure-activity relationships for acridine substitution more closely resemble those of the amsacrine than the 3'-NHCH3 series, with 4-substituted and 4,5-disubstituted compounds showing the highest activity.
Transfer Learning for Human Activity Recognition using Representational Analysis of Neural Networks (2020)

Human activity recognition (HAR) research has increased in recent years due to its applications in mobile health monitoring, activity recognition, and patient rehabilitation. The typical approach is training a HAR classifier offline with known users and then using the same classifier for new users. However, the accuracy for new users can be low with this approach if their activity patterns are different than those in the training data. At the same time, training from scratch for new users is not feasible for mobile applications due to the high computational cost and training time. To address this issue, we propose a HAR transfer learning framework with two components. First, a representational analysis reveals common features that can transfer across users and user-specific features that need to be customized. Using this insight, we transfer the reusable portion of the offline classifier to new users and fine-tune only the rest. Our experiments with five datasets show up to 43% accuracy improvement and 66% training time reduction when compared to the baseline without using transfer learning. Furthermore, measurements on the Nvidia Jetson Xavier-NX hardware platform reveal that the power and energy consumption decrease by 43% and 68%, respectively, while achieving the same or higher accuracy as training from scratch.
From hard to reach to within reach – the ‘how’ of community engagement in the era of the Big Society (2012)

We must use the mechanisms of the state to rebuild our societies. (Cameron, 2010) At a recent meeting of a local public agency, a paper was presented on ‘whole system’ working. Worryingly, this whole system was only made up of public agencies, hospitals, clinics and GP surgeries, with no mention of the communities and citizens whom they serve or the places in which they congregate and commune. No churches, mosques, temples, gurdwaras, community associations, neighbourhood groups, social networks; nothing at all about the places where people live, work, socialise and play. These ‘associational’ places are outside of public agencies and their decision-making processes. They are often grouped together as homogeneous bodies: faith-based organisations, third sector groups, voluntary and community sector organisations, ‘charities’. A public agency leader referred to them as a set of random groups that exist outside the professional practice of statutory agencies, as if the only ones who hold a sense of responsibility for the well-being and betterment of our society are the state and its agencies. Let us examine this randomness. In an inner-city area, there will be Anglican and non-conformist churches, often a growing Pentecostal and black church movement, mosques, temples, and gurdwaras. In Wandsworth, we have approximately 250 faith-based organisations listed, all of whom have influence in their communities far beyond that of any public body. There are also voluntary sector groups, ranging from large ones often patronised by local authorities, through to much smaller ones around black and minority ethnic (BME) communities and refugees and asylum seekers, to even smaller ones like scouts, guides and parents’ groups.
Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles from Rice Husk and their Use as Sustainable Fluorophores for White Light Emission (2018)

Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) exhibiting observable luminescence have many electronic, optical, and biological applications. Owing to reduced toxicity, they can be used as cheap and environmentally friendly alternatives for cadmium containing quantum dots, organic dyes, and rare earth-based expensive phosphors. Here, we report an inexpensive silicon precursor, namely rice husk, which has been employed for the synthesis of Si NPs by rapid microwave heating. The Si NPs of ∼4.9 nm diameter exhibit observable green luminescence with a quantum yield of ∼60%. They show robust storage stability and photostability and have constant luminescence during long-term UV irradiation extending over 48 h, in contrast to other luminescent materials such as quantum dots and organic dyes which quenched their emission over this time window. Green luminescent Si NPs upon mixing with synthesized red and blue luminescent Si NP species are shown to be useful for energy-efficient white light production. The resulting white light has a color coordinate of (0.31, 0.27) which is close to that of pure white light (0.33, 0.33). The performance of our white light emitting material is comparable to that of a commercial white light emitting diode (WLED) bulb and is shown to be better than that of a commercial compact fluorescent lamp (CFL).
Novel nano-sensor for biomedical and industrial applications (2005)

A novel photonic band-gap (PBG) based nano-sensor is proposed for cell, biomolecule gas, chemical agents, or various industrial gas detections. The sensor consists of waveguide, made from periodically structured dielectrics forming PBG. This sensor is optimized with a fixed wavelength of light and fixed receptor for detecting specific biomolecule or cell. The absorption of cell or biomolecule causes the changes in refractive index, which thereby changes the optical intensity. The concentration of cell or biomolecule agent can be known from the changes in optical output. The proposed sensor can be very high sensitive and can able to detect the fixed cell in very smaller amount or biomolecule gas in several parts per billion. We will present the detailed simulation for various applications for example in clinical diagnostic system to measure the specific cell or DNA, or in spectroscopy for measuring various biomolecule gases in the space. In addition, this proposed sensor is able to detect the contamination of the environment (e.g. viral germs), food (fungus) and agricultural products.
Communication: Double Bond Migration of a 1,5-Anhydro-3-C-p-Tolylsulfonyl-D-Hex-2-Enitol Derivative and the Corresponding 5a-Carba-Dl-Sulfonyl Sugar (2000)

Although the rate of proton abstraction (kinetic acidity) frequently plays an essential role in determination of reaction pathways and is of theoretical interest,1 it is still controversial whether an oxygen atom activates or deactivates the abstraction of an α-hydrogen atom of an ether. For example, it is well known that oxidative elimination of a seleno group gives an allyl ether as the major product, indicating the oxygen atom deactivates the kinetic acidity.2 Abstraction of the equatorial hydrogen atom at C-2 of 6-methyl-1,3-oxathiane-3,3-dioxide 1 is slower than that at C-4.3 On the other hand, the bridgehead hydrogen atom (Hb) adjacent to the oxygen atom of piperazinedione (2) is abstracted more readily than that of the alternative one (Ha).4
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in FeB free layers using a thin MgO cap layer (2012)

We prepared magnetic tunnel junction films with PtMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFeB/MgO tunnel barrier/FeB free layer/MgO cap layer/Ta multilayers using sputtering and measured magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of the films at room temperature. The magnetization curves of the FeB plane film measured under perpendicular-to-plane magnetic fields showed much smaller saturation fields (Hs) than those expected from the demagnetizing field. Hs decreased from 4 to 0.4 kOe with increasing MgO cap layer thickness. The small Hs is due to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) induced at both MgO barrier–FeB and FeB–MgO cap interfaces. After microfabrication, the small free layer cells having a 1.6 nm thick MgO cap layer showed a magnetization easy axis in the perpendicular-to-plane direction. By inducing PMA from both upper and lower interfaces, we can stabilize the magnetization of the relatively thick (2 nm) FeB free layer in the perpendicular-to-plane direction.
Characterising polypharmacy in the very old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study (2021)

Considering their complex medical conditions, prescribing is relatively conservative amongst 85-year-olds living in North East England. Prescribing shows significant gender and selected socioeconomic differences. More support for managing preventative medicines, of uncertain benefit, might be helpful in this population.
Data from Dual Src and MEK Inhibition Decreases Ovarian Cancer Growth and Targets Tumor Initiating Stem-Like Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Rational targeted therapies are needed for treatment of ovarian cancers. Signaling kinases Src and MAPK are activated in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Here, we tested the frequency of activation of both kinases in HGSOC and the therapeutic potential of dual kinase inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; MEK and Src activation was assayed in primary HGSOC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGGA). Effects of dual kinase inhibition were assayed on cell-cycle, apoptosis, gene, and proteomic analysis; cancer stem cells; and xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Both Src and MAPK are coactivated in 31% of HGSOC, and this associates with worse overall survival on multivariate analysis. Frequent dual kinase activation in HGSOC led us to assay the efficacy of combined Src and MEK inhibition. Treatment of established lines and primary ovarian cancer cultures with Src and MEK inhibitors saracatinib and selumetinib, respectively, showed target kinase inhibition and synergistic induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest &lt;i&gt;in vitro,&lt;/i&gt; and tumor inhibition in xenografts. Gene expression and proteomic analysis confirmed cell-cycle inhibition and autophagy. Dual therapy also potently inhibited tumor-initiating cells. Src and MAPK were both activated in tumor-initiating populations. Combination treatment followed by drug washout decreased sphere formation and ALDH1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells. &lt;i&gt;In vivo,&lt;/i&gt; tumors dissociated after dual therapy showed a marked decrease in ALDH1 staining, sphere formation, and loss of tumor-initiating cells upon serial xenografting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Selumetinib added to saracatinib overcomes EGFR/HER2/ERBB2–mediated bypass activation of MEK/MAPK observed with saracatinib alone and targets tumor-initiating ovarian cancer populations, supporting further evaluation of combined Src–MEK inhibition in clinical trials. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4874–86. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
In Lupus Erythematosus the Deposition of Immune Complexes in Tissues Is Mediated via Nuclear Histones Released by Neutrophils Nets but the Main Damage to Hosts Tissues Is Caused by the Plethora of Toxic Pro Inflammatory Agents Released by Activated Neutrophils—A Working Hypothesis (2020)

The present study offers a novel approach that may explain the mechanisms of pathogenicity of the auto immune destructive disorder, Lupus Erythematosus. It is proposed that deposition of immune complexes and complement components in tissue is mediated by highly cationic histones released from neutrophils nets the phenomenon of netosis. Histones act a potent opsonic factor similar to antibodies which interact by strong electrostatic forces with negatively-charged domains in immune complexes and complements facilitating their deposition and also their internalization by hosts’ cells. However, the main cause of cell and tissue damage in Lupus is inflicted by the plethora of toxic pro inflammatory agonists released by neutrophils and by macrophages recruited to inflamed tissues by cytokines. The melioration of tissue damage may be initiated by highly anionic heparins, which neutralizes histones’ action if also combined with steroids, colchicin and methtorxate as well as by other agents which retard leukocytes migration and functions.
Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Betulinic Acid Administered in Nanoemulsion Formulation Using Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (2011)

Betulinic acid (3beta, hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is derived from a widely distributed natural anticancer compound betulin. It has selective anticancer activity against several tumor cells, and recently it was shown that it also possess anti-angiogenic effects. The objective of this study was to formulate betulinic acid, a poorly aqueous-soluble compound, in flax-seed oil containing nanoemulsion formulation for enhanced delivery efficiency and to effectively inhibit the tumor angiogenic process. The nanoemulsion was prepared using high pressure homogenization method with a Microfludizer processor. The betulinic acid nanoemulsion was studied for the effect on the angiogenic process by performing the in vivo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The sample volume of 1 microl and 5 microl of the blank and BA nanoemulsions were applied directly on the CAM. The preliminary results from macroscopic, morphological and immunohistochemical evaluations have shown that morphological change was produced in the CAM mesenchyme with a negative impact on the normal growth of the capillaries. Betulinic acid does possess anti-angiogenic activity in a dose dependent manner, and the nanoemulsion formulation maintained this effect.
Spectrally Efficient and Highly Resilient Grouped Routing Network Enhanced with Optical Performance Monitoring (2018)

We demonstrate a spectrally efficient and highly resilient grouped-routing optical network, whose Q-factor margin is precisely controlled with optical performance monitoring. Its effectiveness is confirmed via network analysis and transmission experiments on 200-Gbps DP-16QAM signals.
A Protection Method for Ring-Type TDM-PONs against Fiber Fault (2007)

A new self-protected ring-based time-division-multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON) with dual-fiber path against the fiber-fault in the fiber access system is proposed and investigated experimentally.
1-μm Waveband, 12.5-Gbps Transmission with a Wavelength Tunable Single-mode Selected Quantum-dot Optical Frequency Comb Laser (2009)

1-μm waveband, 12.5-Gbps transmission over a 1.5-km single-mode holey-fiber is demonstrated with clear eye-openings. A wavelength tunable single-mode selected quantum-dot optical frequency-comb laser is used as the optical-source potentially capable of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
Predictivity of the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA) for sensitizer potency assessment and subclassification (2020)

Several in vitro OECD test guidelines address key events 1-3 of the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization, but none are validated for sensitizer potency assessment. The reaction of sensitizing molecules with skin proteins is the molecular initiating event and appears to be rate-limiting, as chemical reactivity strongly correlates with sensitizer potency. The kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA), a modification of the DPRA (OECD TG 442C), allows derivation of rate constants of the depletion of the cysteine-containing model peptide upon reaction with the test item. Its reproducibility was demonstrated in an inter-laboratory study. Here, we present a database of rate constants, expressed as log kmax, for 180 chemicals to define the prediction threshold to identify strong sensitizers (classified as GHS 1A). A threshold of log kmax -2 offers a balanced accuracy of 85% for predicting GHS 1A sensitizers according to the local lymph node assay. The kDPRA is proposed as a stand-alone assay for identification of GHS 1A sensitizers among chemicals identified as sensitizers by other tests or defined approaches. It may also be used for the prediction of sensitizer potency on a continuous scale, ideally in combination with continuous parameters from other in vitro assays. We show how the rate constant could be combined with read-outs of other in vitro assays in a defined approach. A decision model based on log kmax alone has, however, a high predictivity and can be used as stand-alone model for identification of GHS 1A sensitizers among chemicals predicted as sensitizers.
Transceiver In-phase and Quadrature Imbalance Monitoring by Two Stage MIMO Equalizers (2018)

We demonstrate each IQ imbalance in transceiver can be separately monitored by two-stage 4x4 MIMO equalizers without obvious interaction across a wide operation range if a small frequency offset exists.
Manejo laparoscópico de un quiste de colédoco, incluyendo mucosectomía (2013)

El quiste de colédoco es una enfermedad poco frecuente de la vía biliar. Presentamos un caso de quiste de colédoco Todani I, tratado exitosamente por vía laparoscópica, incluyendo la reconstrucción con un asa desfuncionalizada, en Y de Roux. Además, se realizó una mucosectomía laparoscópica de la porción intrapancreática del quiste. La evolución del paciente fue muy satisfactoria. Se concluye que es factible el manejo laparoscópico del quiste de colédoco.
Stereotypical Bias Removal for Hate Speech Detection Task using Knowledge-based Generalizations (2019)

With the ever-increasing cases of hate spread on social media platforms, it is critical to design abuse detection mechanisms to pro-actively avoid and control such incidents. While there exist methods for hate speech detection, they stereotype words and hence suffer from inherently biased training. Bias removal has been traditionally studied for structured datasets, but we aim at bias mitigation from unstructured text data.
Performance and Cost of a Natural Gas Fuel Cell Plant with Complete Internal Reforming (2013)

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Sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols regulating intestinal inflammation in co-culture system from the brown alga <italic>Turbinaria ornata</italic> (2020)

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are characterized by chronic inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD has been increasing worldwide, and has sometimes led to irreversible impairment of gastrointestinal structure and functions. In the present study, we identified a new sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols (SQMG) (1) together with two known SQMGs (2 and 3) regulating intestinal inflammation from the brown alga Turbinaria ornata. The anti-inflammatory properties of two bioactive SQMGs, 1 and 2 were evaluated using an in vitro co-culture system consisting of human epithelial Caco-2 cells and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Treatment with 1 or 2 inhibited the production nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon challenge. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 were markedly down-regulated in response to inhibition of nuclear factor B translocation to nucleus. These findings suggest the potential use of the brown alga T. ornata and its biologically active metabolites SQMGs as pharmaceutical adjuvants in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, including IBD.