gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scardovia wiggsiae and Streptococcus sobrinus Prevalence among Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Patients (2021)

Background: Dental cavities or caries have been identified as among the most prevalent of preventable oral conditions. However, studies are discovering new information regarding the incidence and prevalence of several cariogenic organisms, including Streptococcus mutans (SM), the recently discovered Scardovia wiggsiae (SW), as well as Streptococcus sobrinus (SS). These studies have revealed varying prevalence among different populations, such as those undergoing orthodontic treatment. Based upon this information, the main goal of the current study was to assess the prevalence of specific cariogenic organisms (SS and SW) within saliva samples originally obtained from a dental school-based clinic. Methods: The protocol for this retrospective study of DNA isolated from previously collected saliva samples was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) as exempt research. In brief, clinical DNA samples were screened for SS and SW using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Demographic and subgroup (Orthodontic, non-Orthodontic) analysis was also performed. Results: This study found that pediatric (12-17 year old patient) samples were much more likely to harbor either SW or SS compared with adult (&gt;18 year old patient) samples. In addition, this study found many more SW-positive samples among pediatric orthodontic patients compared with either adult or pediatric non-Orthodontic patients, which may suggest this population may be at higher risk for SW-related caries or other negative oral health outcomes. Finally, this study found these microbial populations to be strongly linked within the same patient samples. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that prevalence of SW and SS may be more highly associated with specific population subgroups, including SS observed in non-orthodontic patients and SW found among pediatric orthodontic patients. These results also differ from previous evidence, which found only minor and partially overlapping prevalence of these and other oral microbes. The results of this current study may suggest that SS and SW may be more strongly correlated within similar oral microbial communities and their presence may be directly or indirectly linked through one or more behavioral, microbial or other factors – although more research will be needed to determine these mechanisms.
Abstract A33: Utilizing insulin the treatment of prostate cancer with BKM120 abrogates the therapeutic effect of PI3K pathway inhibition (2015)

Abstract Genetic aberrations in PTEN, the negative regulator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, are common in prostate cancers (PCA) with high Gleason Scores and correlate with adverse outcome. Currently, PI3K inhibitors, as single agents and in combination, have entered Phase I and II clinical trials for metastatic castrate resistant PCA. Alpha-specific and pan-PI3K inhibitors cause hyperglycemia as an on-target side effect by blocking insulin-dependent PI3K signaling in the liver and muscle and patients develop hyperinsulinemia in response to hyperglycemia, and insulin treatment is often needed to manage drug-induced hyperglycemia. Using human and murine prostate cancer cell lines, we examined the effect of adding insulin to BKM120 treatment on PI3K pathway activation. Using human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3 which both express insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), we found downregulation of the PI3K pathway by BKM120 treatment and upregulation of the PI3K pathway by insulin treatment, as assessed by AKT phosphorylation. In both cell lines, the PI3K pathway is reactivated when insulin is added to BKM120 treatment. Using cells derived from PTEN-/-P53-/- murine PCA which express low levels of IR and IGF-1R, we found minimal activation of the PI3K pathway with insulin, either alone or in combination with BKM120. Conversely, using cells derived from Myc-overexpressing mice which express high levels of IR and IGF-1R, we found robust activation of the PI3K pathway with insulin treatment. More importantly, while BKM120 abolished PI3K activity in the Myc-overexpressing cells, the addition of insulin to BKM120 resulted in the reactivation of the PI3K pathway to the level of PI3K pathway activity without BKM120 treatment. Together these findings suggest that the use of insulin in combination with BKM120 abrogates the therapeutic effect of PI3K inhibition. In addition, they indicate that PCAs that have high levels of IR and/or IGF-1 expression are particularly sensitive to PI3K inhibitors as well as insulin reactivation of the PI3K pathway. Citation Format: Lily C. Wang, Sunnie S. Kim, David M. Nanus, Lewis C. Cantley. Utilizing insulin the treatment of prostate cancer with BKM120 abrogates the therapeutic effect of PI3K pathway inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
Impregnation Molding of Particle‐Filled Preceramic Polymers: Process Modeling (1999)

A process model is presented for the analysis and simulation of impregnation molding of particle‐filled, continuous‐fiber ceramic composites. A multidimensional, transient particle filtration formulation is coupled with isothermal, anisotropic Darcy flow to predict filler‐concentration profiles during molding. The particle filtration is insensitive to the injection flow rate; however, in irregularly shaped molds, the geometry of the mold greatly influences the local velocities, which results in local variations in the rate of filtration. Although the preform volume fraction and inlet particle concentration influence the particle accumulation quantitatively, the filtration coefficient and the permeability have a dominant role in setting the filtration trend.
On modifications of fundamental radiative processes in near-zero-index media of various dimensions (2020)

Spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption are the three fundamental radiative processes describing light-matter interactions. Here, we theoretically study the behaviour of these fundamental processes inside an unbounded medium exhibiting a vanishingly small refractive index, i.e., a near-zero-index (NZI) host medium. We present a generalized framework to study these processes and find that the spatial dimension of the NZI medium has profound effects on the nature of the fundamental radiative processes. Our formalism highlights the role of the number of available optical modes as well as the ability of an emitter to couple to these modes as a function of the dimension and the class of NZI media. We demonstrate that the fundamental radiative processes are inhibited in 3D homogeneous lossless zero index materials but may be strongly enhanced in a zero index medium of reduced dimensionality. Our findings have implications in thermal, nonlinear and quantum optics as well as in designing quantum metamaterials at optical or microwave frequencies.
Seamless Transition to Independent Mode and Reconnection with the Utility Grid of a Microgrid Composed of Inverter Power Sources (2021)

An independent microgrid is prospective in that it can supply electricity by being isolated even when the utility grid has some faults. In an independent microgrid without synchronous generators, its voltage and frequency have to be determined by inverter power sources such as batteries or PVs. This is why new control methods for inverters are required. This paper provides methods of seamless transition to independent mode and reconnection with the utility grid. These methods are verified by EMT simulation.
Performance Evaluation of Multi-Agent Distributed Collaborative Optimization under Random Communication Topologies (2010)

We investigate collaborative optimization in a multi-agent setting, when the agents execute in a distributed manner using local information, while the communication topology used to exchange messages and information is modeled by a graph-valued random process, independent of other time instances. Specifically, we study the performance of the consensus-based multi-agent subgradient method, for the case of a constant stepsize, as measured by two metrics: rate of convergence and guaranteed region of convergence, evaluated via their expected values. Under a strong convexity type of assumption, we provide upper bounds on the performance metrics, which explicitly depend on the probability distribution of the random graph and on the agents' estimates of the optimal solution. This provides a guide for tuning the parameters of the communication protocol such that good performance of the multi-agent subgradient method is ensured.
Adjustable Force Coupled Sensor-Actuator System for Low Frequency Resonant Vibration Detection (2007)

The paper reports on a novel micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) sensor-actuator system for adjustable resonant vibration detection at frequencies below 1 kHz. The MEM system operates at standard pressure and utilizes the superheterodyne principle well known from information technologies. By mixing the low frequency vibration with a high frequency carrier, the information of the vibration is transformed into a higher frequency range. A resonant oscillator amplifies and filters the information.
Session details: End-Users Sharing and Tailoring Software (2008)

No abstract available.
Refractive Index of Heavily Germanium-Doped Gallium Nitride Measured by Spectral Reflectometry and Ellipsometry (2021)

Gallium nitride (GaN) doped with germanium at a level of 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> is proposed as a viable material for cladding layers in blue- and green-emitting laser diodes. Spectral reflectometry and ellipsometry are used to provide evidence of a reduced index of refraction in such layers. The refractive-index contrast to undoped GaN is about 0.990, which is comparable to undoped aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) with an aluminium composition of 6%. Germanium-doped GaN layers are lattice-matched to native GaN substrates; therefore, they introduce no strain, cracks, and wafer bowing. Their use, in place of strained AlGaN layers, will enable significant improvements to the production process yield.
The next generation 65-nm FPGA (2006)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on Xilinx's Virtex-5 family of 65-nm FPGA products. Some of the specific topics discussed include: a description of Virtex special features, system specifications, and technology innovations; improved I/O performance; benchmarking Virtex-5, LUT6 systems; the new Microblaze features in Virtex-5; and new areas of technological development.
A new approach to low frequency wide-band projector design (2005)

Long-range, underwater, acoustic systems require low frequency signals covering a broad frequency band. We have exploited a novel approach, using a narrowband medium-output high-efficiency resonator, which transmits a frequency sweep by mechanically tuning a resonator to match the frequency and phase of the reference signal. The design begins with a symmetrical pressure balanced Tonpilz driver consisting of two pistons separated by preloaded ceramic stacks. The driver is placed between two coaxially mounted resonator tubes. This is a simple, efficient, narrow-band projector, which operates at any ocean depth. The resonant tubes have slots (or vents) progressively covered or uncovered by sliding coaxial sleeves over them. The frequency is varied by the sleeve position. A computer-controlled, electro-mechanical actuator moves the sleeves along the resonator tubes keeping the projector in resonance at the instantaneous frequency of a swept frequency modulated signal. The projector prototype was first tested at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) dock in Woods Hole, MA, and later in the Pacific Ocean during a voyage of the research vessel "PT SUR", November 2001.
Growth hormone’s impact on adipose tissue and aging (2023)

A reduction in growth hormone has repeatedly been shown to improve healthspan and lifespan in mice and attenuate age-related conditions in subsets of comparable clinical populations. While aging results in progressive physiological changes in many tissues that leads to declines in biological function, this review will focus on the role of growth hormone in adipose tissue with respect to the aging process. Growth hormone dramatically and uniquely alters adipose tissue mass, composition, function and distribution, with decreases in hormone action resulting in a counterintuitive “healthy obese” state. As clinical studies are somewhat limited, much of our understanding of this hormone’s unique effect on adipose tissue and aging comes from mouse lines with specific alterations to the growth hormone axis. Thus, this review will provide an overview of the healthspan and lifespan consequences of growth hormone action in mouse lines and briefly describe comparable clinical conditions. The review will also summarize the general changes in adipose tissue with normal aging as well as the unique changes in this tissue in response to growth hormone.
Non‐interactive estimation of elastic sea floor properties for wavefield decomposition (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001Non‐interactive estimation of elastic sea floor properties for wavefield decompositionAuthors: Remco MuijsKlaus HolligerJohan RobertssonRemco MuijsSwiss Federal Institute of Technology, Klaus HolligerSwiss Federal Institute of Technology, and Johan RobertssonWesternGecohttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816760 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816760FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byData‐driven adaptive decomposition of multicomponent seabed recordingsRemco Muijs, Johan O. A. Robertsson, and Klaus Holliger27 September 2004 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 69, No. 5 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Remco Muijs, Klaus Holliger, and Johan Robertsson, (2001), "Non‐interactive estimation of elastic sea floor properties for wavefield decomposition," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 821-824. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816760 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
A study of the blast‐induced brain white‐matter damage and the associated diffuse axonal injury (2012)

Purpose Blast‐induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a signature injury of the current military conflicts. Among the different types of TBI, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) plays an important role since it can lead to devastating effects in the inflicted military personnel. To better understand the potential causes associated with DAI, this paper aims to investigate a transient non‐linear dynamics finite element simulation of the response of the brain white matter to shock loading. Design/methodology/approach Brain white matter is considered to be a heterogeneous material consisting of fiber‐like axons and a structure‐less extracellular matrix (ECM). The brain white matter microstructure in the investigated corpus callosum region of the brain is idealized using a regular hexagonal arrangement of aligned equal‐size axons. Deviatoric stress response of the axon and the ECM is modeled using a linear isotropic viscoelastic formulation while the hydrostatic stress response is modeled using a shock‐type equation of state. To account for the stochastic character of the brain white matter microstructure and shock loading, a parametric study is carried out involving a factorial variation of the key microstructural and waveform parameters. Findings The results obtained show that the extent of axon undulations and the strength of axon/ECM bonding profoundly affect the spatial distribution and magnitude of the axonal axial normal and shear stresses (the stresses which can cause diffuse axonal injury). Originality/value The present approach enables a more accurate determination of the mechanical behavior of brain white matter when subjected to a shock.
Ethics in Self- Sociotechnical Systems: (Tutorial Abstract) (2020)

The surprising capabilities demonstrated by AI technologies overlaid on detailed data and fine-grained control give cause for concern that agents can wield enormous power over human welfare, drawing increasing attention to ethics in AI.
Pentanoic acid from γ-valerolactone and formic acid using bifunctional catalysis (2019)

The production of pentanoic acid from γ-valerolactone and the one-pot route from levulinic acid both over bifunctional catalyst with formic acid as H<sub>2</sub> source is an example for an integrated biorefinery in the direction to an industrial application.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND SPECTRA OF 9‐(P‐VINYLPHENYL)ANTHRACENE (1979)

Abstract Anthron (I) reagiert mit dem Grignardreagens (II) zum Dihydroanthracen (III), das mit P 2 O 5 in die Titelverbindung (IV) übergeführt wird.
Exergy analysis of energy‐intensive production processes: advancing towards a sustainable chemical industry (2014)

Abstract Exergy analysis is becoming a very powerful strategy to evaluate the real efficiency of a process. Its application in the chemical industry is still at an early stage but many interesting remarks can be obtained from the recent research in the most energy intensive processes of the chemical industry: the production of chemicals, the cement industry, the paper industry and, the iron and steel industry. The present review analyzes the opportunities and challenges in those sectors by considering exergy analyses as the first required step (although not sufficient) to advance towards a more sustainable chemical industry. Social, environmental and economic factors play a role in the critical evaluation of a process and exergy could be considered as the property that joins together those three cores of sustainability. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Searching for Interferon-Induced Genes That Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Transgenic Mouse Hepatocytes (2002)

We have previously shown that alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication noncytopathically in the livers of HBV transgenic mice and in hepatocyte cell lines derived from these mice. The present study was designed to identify transcriptionally controlled hepatocellular genes that are tightly associated with the inhibition of HBV replication and that might, therefore, mediate the antiviral effect of these cytokines. Twenty-nine genes were identified, many of which have known or potential antiviral activity. Notably, multiple components of the immunoproteasome and ubiquitin-like proteins were strongly induced by both IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma, as were a number of GTP-binding proteins, including GTPases with known antiviral activity, chemokines, signaling molecules, and miscellaneous genes associated with antigen processing, DNA-binding, or cochaperone activity and several expressed sequence tags. The results suggest that one or more members of this relatively small subset of genes may mediate the antiviral effect of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma against HBV. We have already exploited this information by demonstrating that the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma is proteasome dependent.
Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopy of Phenylacetylenylene Rods Incorporating meso‐Substituted Dipyrrin Ligands (2003)

The synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic characterization of a series of phenylacetylenylene rodlike molecules containing dipyrromethene (dipyrrin) ligands are described. The combination of the phenylacetylenylene groups with the porphyrinogenic dipyrrin moieties results in a rich absorption spectroscopy for these compounds, although the fluorescence of the phenylacetylenylene moiety is quenched by presence of the dipyrrin chelator. The Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) complexes of these ligands have been prepared and three of these compounds have been structurally characterized by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Unlike other octahedral metal-dipyrrin complexes described to date, one of the iron complexes demonstrates ideal threefold symmetry in the solid-state. The elongated structure and high symmetry of these complexes suggests the use of these meso-substituted phenylacetylenylene ligands as an interesting class of extended, branched molecules for the construction of supramolecular architectures.
Algorithms for a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas: The Case for Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control (2013)

Closed-loop insulin delivery continues to be one of most promising strategies for achieving near-normal control of blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes. Of the many components that need to work well for the artificial pancreas to be advanced into routine use, the algorithm used to calculate insulin delivery has received a substantial amount of attention. Most of that attention has focused on the relative merits of proportional-integral-derivative versus model-predictive control. A meta-analysis of the clinical data obtained in studies performed to date with these approaches is conducted here, with the objective of determining if there is a trend for one approach to be performing better than the other approach. Challenges associated with implementing each approach are reviewed with the objective of determining how these approaches might be improved. Results of the meta-analysis, which focused predominantly on the breakfast meal response, suggest that to date, the two approaches have performed similarly. However, uncontrolled variables among the various studies, and the possibility that future improvements could still be effected in either approach, limit the validity of this conclusion. It is suggested that a more detailed examination of the challenges associated with implementing each approach be conducted.
Sinusoidal Reluctance Machine With DC Winding: An Attractive Non-Permanent-Magnet Option (2015)

Important global efforts are underway toward lowering the cost of electric machines for electric and hybrid vehicles by reducing or eliminating the use of rare-earth materials which have been experiencing significant price increases and volatility. Non-permanent-magnet (non-PM) electric machines are a potential solution and are increasingly investigated by researchers worldwide. This paper presents a DC-biased reluctance machine, which is structurally similar to a conventional switched reluctance machine. This type of machine has a DC field winding and an AC three-phase armature winding. It uses a conventional three phase inverter for the armature and an additional auxiliary DC/DC converter for the field winding. This reluctance machine is designed to achieve hybrid vehicle traction requirements of 55 kW peak at 2800 r/min and 30 kW continuous over a speed range going from 2800 to 14 000 r/min.
<title>Holographic memory with random encoded reference beam and recording medium requirements</title> (2001)

Varieties of applications require the technology that allows storing, and processing a large volume of information. Holographic technique offers high-density data storage with parallel access and high throughput. Several methods exist for data multiplexing based on the fundamental principle of volume hologram Bragg selectivity. We recently demonstrated that spatial shift selectivity associated with a random encoding of the reference beam is an alterative method for high-density, high capacity data multiplexing. In this report we show some characteristics of the random encoded reference beam hologram selectivity and discus the parameters of the recording material that should work optimal for this method.