gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemical water cleavage in suspensions of platinum-loaded titania particles with 0.7% overall light to chemical conversion efficiency (1985)

L'irradiation de dispersions alcalines de TiO 2 charge de minces agregats de Pt, par methode d'echange avec Pt(NH 3 ) 4 2+ , suivi de la reduction du complexe donne de l'hydrogene avec un rendement global de conversion d'energie lumineuse en energie chimique de 0,1%. Mecanisme d'oxydation de l'eau (avec formation de peroxyde). Ba 2+ augmente le rendement. Le processus est rendu cyclique en soumettant le catalyseur a un traitement thermique a 200-300°C
Network error correction with unequal link capacities (2010)

This paper studies the capacity of single-source single-sink noiseless networks under adversarial or arbitrary errors on no more than z edges. Unlike prior papers, which assume equal capacities on all links, arbitrary link capacities are considered. Results include new upper bounds, network error correction coding strategies, and examples of network families where our bounds are tight. An example is provided of a network where the capacity is 50% greater than the best rate that can be achieved with linear coding. While coding at the source and sink suffices in networks with equal link capacities, in networks with unequal link capacities, it is shown that intermediate nodes may have to do coding, nonlinear error detection, or error correction in order to achieve the network error correction capacity.
Study on Power Fluctuation Dispatch and Capacity Design of Short Period Power Fluctuation Compensation System in Consideration of Power Loss (2015)

SUMMARY Since the output of photovoltaic (PV) generation includes power fluctuations caused by natural conditions, the installation of PV on a large scale is expected to affect load frequency control of the power grid. One method of compensating power fluctuations is the use of energy storage (ES), such as batteries and capacitors. A power fluctuation compensation system composed of an electrical double layer capacitor energy storage system (ESS) and a Li‐ion battery energy storage system is considered. The power loss characteristics of both ESSs during power fluctuation compensation are modeled by equivalent circuits based on ES impedance spectra. The models are validated by experiments simulating power fluctuation compensation. Using these ES models, simulations were carried out to determine the power fluctuation dispatch method between the two ESSs and the capacity of the ESSs in consideration of power loss minimization.
GC/MS and MS/MS studies of diesel exhaust mutagenicity and emissions from chemically-defined fuels (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGC/MS and MS/MS studies of diesel exhaust mutagenicity and emissions from chemically-defined fuelsThomas R. Henderson, James D. Sun, Albert P. Li, Ray L. Hanson, William E. Bechtold, T. Michael. Harvey, Jeffry. Shabanowitz, and Donald F. HuntCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 6, 428–434Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00124a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es00124a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perinatal Administration of a Bitter Tastant Influences Gene Expression in Chicken Palate and Duodenum (2014)

Bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) and downstream effectors are responsible for mediating bitterness perception and regulation of food choice in mammals. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated the expression of three Tas2rs and taste signal transduction molecules, α-gustducin, PLCβ2, and TRPM5, in the palate, tongue, and gastrointestinal tract sections in chicken. The bitter tastant quinine activates all three chicken Tas2rs in vitro as shown using calcium-imaging assays of transfected cells. Administration of quinine postnatally or perinatally (both pre- and posthatch) to chickens increased the expression of Tas2r genes in the palate by 6.45-fold (ggTas2r1 postnatal treatment), 4.86-fold (ggTas2r1 perinatal treatment), and 4.48-fold (ggTas2r7 postnatal treatment) compared to the genes' expression in the naı̈ve group respectively, and affected taste related gene expression in the duodenum. Whereas no-choice intake of quinine solution was not significantly lower than that of water in naı̈ve chicks, the treatment groups postnatal, prenatal, and perinatal showed significantly lower intake of quinine by 56.1, 47.7, and 50.2%, respectively, suggesting a possible trend toward sensitization. These results open new venues toward unraveling the formative stages shaping food intake and nutrition in chicken.
Sequential Lateral Solidification of Silicon Thin Films on Cu BEOL-Integrated Wafers for Monolithic 3-D Integration (2015)

We demonstrate that wafers integrated with copper (Cu) Damascene interconnects are suitable substrates for the excimer laser crystallization of silicon thin films. This approach allows for the monolithic 3-D integration of transistors on the back end of line (BEOL) of silicon wafers for VLSI monolithic 3-D integration. This is supported by a 1-D finite-element method simulation of the integrated structure, which shows that, upon excimer laser irradiation, the temperature of the buried Cu layer stays below 320 °C, which is a favorable condition for monolithic 3-D integration. The crystallization of a 100-nm amorphous silicon layer on a 1-μm SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectric is demonstrated on a BEOL-integrated wafer. The Raman spectrum of the silicon layer after laser irradiation shows a polycrystalline peak centered around 513 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Optical microscopy shows polycrystalline silicon with no physical damage of the Cu lines. The electrical characterization of the Cu buried layer, with and without undergoing the irradiation process, shows no variation or degradation in Cu conductivity.
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new antagonist of the OP4 receptor (2006)

Nociceptin (NC) has been recently reported to be the endogenous ligand of the receptor (henceforth called a G-protein coupled receptor whose amino acid sequence is closely related to those of the opioid receptors. NC mediates several biological activities including inhibition of neurotransmitter release, induction of diuresis, bradycardia and hypotension, anxiolysis, pronociceptive and antiopioid effects (supraspinally), and antinociceptive actions (spinally). However, the lack of a selective antagonist of the receptor has hampered our understanding of the functions and roles mediated by the system. In a previous study on the structure-activity relationships of NC, we developed a first NC receptor antagonist by chemical modification of the peptide bond in the message domain of the peptide [1,2]. This new compound, acts as a selective antagonist in some preparations; it has however been recently reported to act also as a partial or full agonist in other preparations and especially in vivo (see for instance ref [3]). In the present investigation we have modified the N-terminal residue of the and evaluated the new peptides in the electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens (mVD).
Detection of Filamentous Structures in Low-Contrast Images Acquired in Defocus Pair by Cryo-Electron Microscopy (2001)

Since the foundation of the three-dimensional image reconstruction of helical objects from electron micrographs was laid more than 30 years ago, there have been sustained developments in specimen preparation, data acquisition, image analysis, and interpretation of results. However, the boxing of filaments in large number of images—one of the critical step toward the reconstruction in atomic resolution—is still restrained by manual processing even though interactive interfaces have been built to aid the tedious and less accurate manual boxing. This article describes an accurate approach for automatically detecting filamentous structures in lowcontrast images acquired in defocus pair using cryoelectron microscopy. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated across various magnifications and a series of defocus values using as a test driver specimens of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) preserved in vitreous ice. By integrating the proposed approach into our automated data acquisition and reconstruction, we are able to get a 3D map of TMV at the resolution of 10Å within hours in a fully automatic way. 1.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for multicomponent reactions (2011)

Organic synthesis performed through multicomponent reactions is an attractive area of research in organic chemistry. Multicomponent reactions involve more than two starting reagents that couple in an exclusive ordered mode under the same reaction conditions to form a single product which contains the essential parts of the starting materials. Multicomponent reactions are powerful tools in modern drug discovery processes, because they are an important source of molecular diversity, allowing rapid, automated and high throughput generation of organic compounds. This review aims to illustrate progress in a large variety of catalyzed multicomponent reactions performed with acid, base and metal heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Within each type of multicomponent approach, relevant products that can be obtained and their interest for industrial applications are presented.
Segmentation of Intracranial Arterial Calcification with Deeply\n Supervised Residual Dropout Networks (2017)

Intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) is a major risk factor for\nstroke, and might contribute to dementia and cognitive decline. Reliance on\ntime-consuming manual annotation of ICAC hampers much demanded further research\ninto the relationship between ICAC and neurological diseases. Automation of\nICAC segmentation is therefore highly desirable, but difficult due to the\nproximity of the lesions to bony structures with a similar attenuation\ncoefficient. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic segmentation of\nICAC; the first to our knowledge. Our method is based on a 3D fully\nconvolutional neural network that we extend with two regularization techniques.\nFirstly, we use deep supervision (hidden layers supervision) to encourage\ndiscriminative features in the hidden layers. Secondly, we augment the network\nwith skip connections, as in the recently developed ResNet, and dropout layers,\ninserted in a way that skip connections circumvent them. We investigate the\neffect of skip connections and dropout. In addition, we propose a simple\nproblem-specific modification of the network objective function that restricts\nthe focus to the most important image regions and simplifies the optimization.\nWe train and validate our model using 882 CT scans and test on 1,000. Our\nregularization techniques and objective improve the average Dice score by 7.1%,\nyielding an average Dice of 76.2% and 97.7% correlation between predicted ICAC\nvolumes and manual annotations.\n
Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Taxol and Immunotoxin SS1P in Tumor-Bearing Mice (2006)

The combination of Taxol and SS1P exerts a synergistic antitumor effect in animals but not in cell culture. This effect is not secondary to increased tumor uptake of the immunotoxin. Synergy could be due to improved immunotoxin distribution within the tumor or could involve factors released by other cell types in the tumors.
Zum Mechanismus des weitreichenden Elektronentransports durch DNA (1999)

In Hopping-Schritten zwischen Basen ähnlichen Redoxpotentials erfolgt der Ladungstransport durch DNA, wie Geschwindigkeitsmessungen an den Doppelsträngen 1–3 ergeben. Dieser Mechanismus erklärt, warum Lochtransfer stark sequenzabhängig ist, und postuliert, daß Elektronentransfer in ungestörter DNA nicht von der Sequenz abhängen sollte.
A Logical Mind, not a Programming Mind: Psychology of a Professional End-User. (2010)

Keywords: POP-I.A. social organisation and work, POP-I.C. health records POP-II.A. end-users This paper reports a case study of a specific end-user programming context, in which an electronic patient record system was being customised by a healthcare professional. Our research involved making an unusual intervention, employing a professional programmer as a quasi-experimental participant, in order to explore and contrast the different ways that the same situation was conceived by an end-user programmer and by a professional programmer. We found a range of pragmatic strategies that were employed by the end-user, causing her to resist some conventional views of how programs and source code should be interpreted. Rather than different ‘cognitive styles’, we believe these differing mental models can be accounted for by the context of the practical work the two need to achieve, and the organisational contexts within which they work. We make some observations and recommendations about the design of tools for end-user programmers, extrapolating from our in-depth observation of one particular product. 1.
Determination of Drought Threshold for Agricultural Land-use using Satellite Image Analysis Techniques (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The climate change causes major problems in natural disasters such as storms and droughts and has significant impacts on agricultural activities. Especially, global warming changed crops cultivated causing changes in agricultural land-use, and droughts along with land-use change accompanied serious problems in irrigation management. Moreover, it is very problematic to detect drought impacted areas with field survey and it burdens irrigation management. In South Korea, drought in 2012 occurred in western area while 2015 drought occurred in eastern area. The drought cycle in Korea is irregular but the drought frequency has shown an increasing pattern. Remote sensing approaches has been used as a solution to detect drought areas in agricultural land-use and many approaches has been introduced for drought monitoring. This study introduces remote sensing approaches to detect agricultural drought by calculation of local threshold associated with agricultural land-use. We used Landsat-8 satellite images for drought and non-drought years, and Vegetation Health Index(VHI) was calculated using red, near-infrared, and thermal-infrared bands. The comparative analysis of VHI values for the same agricultural land-use between drought year and non-drought year derived the threshold values for each type of land-use. The results showed very effective detection of drought impacted areas showing distinctive differences in VHI value distributions between drought and non-drought years.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
K13-propeller mutations confer artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates (2014)

The emergence of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia imperils efforts to reduce the global malaria burden. We genetically modified the Plasmodium falciparum K13 locus using zinc-finger nucleases and measured ring-stage survival rates after drug exposure in vitro; these rates correlate with parasite clearance half-lives in artemisinin-treated patients. With isolates from Cambodia, where resistance first emerged, survival rates decreased from 13 to 49% to 0.3 to 2.4% after the removal of K13 mutations. Conversely, survival rates in wild-type parasites increased from ≤0.6% to 2 to 29% after the insertion of K13 mutations. These mutations conferred elevated resistance to recent Cambodian isolates compared with that of reference lines, suggesting a contemporary contribution of additional genetic factors. Our data provide a conclusive rationale for worldwide K13-propeller sequencing to identify and eliminate artemisinin-resistant parasites.
The Beckman Report on Database Research (2014)

Every few years a group of database researchers meets to discuss the state of database research, its impact on practice, and important new directions. This report summarizes the discussion and conclusions of the eighth such meeting, held October 14- 15, 2013 in Irvine, California. It observes that Big Data has now become a defining challenge of our time, and that the database research community is uniquely positioned to address it, with enormous opportunities to make transformative impact. To do so, the report recommends significantly more attention to five research areas: scalable big/fast data infrastructures; coping with diversity in the data management landscape; end-to-end processing and understanding of data; cloud services; and managing the diverse roles of people in the data life cycle.
Effect of electroless etching parameters on the growth and reflection properties of silicon nanowires (2011)

Vertically aligned silicon nanowire (Si NW) arrays have been fabricated over large areas using an electroless etching (EE) method, which involves etching of silicon wafers in a silver nitrate and hydrofluoric acid based solution. A detailed parametric study determining the relationship between nanowire morphology and time, temperature, solution concentration and starting wafer characteristics (doping type, resistivity, crystallographic orientation) is presented. The as-fabricated Si NW arrays were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a linear dependency of nanowire length to both temperature and time was obtained and the change in the growth rate of Si NWs at increased etching durations was shown. Furthermore, the effects of EE parameters on the optical reflectivity of the Si NWs were investigated in this study. Reflectivity measurements show that the 42.8% reflectivity of the starting silicon wafer drops to 1.3%, recorded for 10 µm long Si NW arrays. The remarkable decrease in optical reflectivity indicates that Si NWs have a great potential to be utilized in radial or coaxial p-n heterojunction solar cells that could provide orthogonal photon absorption and enhanced carrier collection.
Simulation of the Ammonia Electrolysis Process (2014)

Introduction The electrochemical oxidation of ammonia, in alkaline media, has been proposed as an efficient alternative for the deammonification or wastewater. Furthermore, the ammonia electrolysis process has the potential to co-generate fuel grade hydrogen with just five percent of the energy required from water electrolysis, which makes this process attractive for its self-sustainable integration in wastewater treatment plants [1]. Motivated by the advantages of the ammonia electrolysis, Botte and members of the research team at the Center for Electrochemical Engineering Research (CEER) have performed extensive research in the ammonia electro-oxidation reaction. Through the analysis of well defined hydrodynamic electrochemical cells, coupled with mathematical modeling and parameters estimation, it was possible to establish a reaction mechanism and define the kinetic parameters that represent the intrinsic reaction kinetics of the ammonia electro-oxidation [2]. In this work, a simulation platform for an ammonia electrolysis flow cell is proposed to be implemented in ASPEN plus in order to achieve sensitivity and cost analysis along with process optimization. User defined platforms were developed using experimentally validated mathematical models of a parallel cell electrolyzer, which include the hydrodynamic behavior of the flow cell electrolyzer evaluated through experimental residence time distribution analysis. References [1] L.A. Diaz, G.G. Botte, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (2012) 12167. [2] L.A. Diaz, G.G. Botte, J. Catal. (Submitted for publication 2014).
DRS: a workstation-based document recognition system for text entry (1992)

Document recognition system (DRS), a workstation-based prototype document analysis system that uses optical character recognition (OCR), is described. The system provides functions for image capture, block segmentation, page structure analysis, and character recognition with contextual postprocessing, as well as a user interface for error correction. All the functions except image capture and character recognition have been implemented by means of software for the Japanese edition of OS/2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combination of a multimode antenna and TIAMO for traveling‐wave imaging at 9.4 Tesla (2015)

Despite the limited number of channels, a remote three-port antenna combined with TIAMO represents an easily implementable setup to achieve void-free (1)H images from the entire brain at 9.4 T, which can be used for anatomical localization and B0 shimming.
Rhesus monkey placental transgene expression after lentiviral gene transfer into preimplantation embryos (2001)

Transgenic mice have provided invaluable information about gene function and regulation. However, because of marked differences between rodents and primates, some areas of human biology such as early embryonic development, aging, and maternal-fetal interactions would be best studied in a nonhuman primate model. Here, we report that gene transfer into rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) preimplantation embryos gives rise to transgenic placentas that express a reporter transgene (eGFP). Blastocysts resulting from culture of in vitro fertilized ova were transduced with a self-inactivating lentiviral vector and transferred into recipient females. One twin and one singleton pregnancy were produced from a single stimulation cycle, and one live rhesus monkey was born from each pregnancy. Placentas from all conceptuses showed expression of the transgene as detected by reverse transcription-PCR, ribonuclease protection assay, direct epifluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. Integration in somatic tissues of the offspring was not detected. A maternal immune response to the xenogeneic placental antigen was shown by the presence of anti-GFP antibodies in peripheral blood of the recipient females by day 99 of gestation (term = 165 days). These results demonstrate that transgene expression during gestation is compatible with successful pregnancy in nonhuman primates and provides an approach that could be broadly applicable to the development of novel models for primate biomedical research.