gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Sensor Modalities to Capture User Behaviors for Reading Detection (2022)

Accurately describing user behaviors with appropriate sensors is always important when developing computing cost-effective systems. This paper employs datasets recorded for fine-grained reading detection using the J!NS MEME, an eye-wear device with electrooculography (EOG), accelerometer, and gyroscope sensors. We generate models for all possible combinations of the three sensors and employ self-supervised learning and supervised learning in order to gain an understanding of optimal sensor settings. The results show that only the EOG sensor performs roughly as well as the best performing combination of other sensors. This gives an insight into selecting the appropriate sensors for fine-grained reading detection, enabling cost-effective computation.
Capturing and sharing domain knowledge with business rules lessons learned from a global software vendor (2014)

Business rules represent constraints in a domain, which need to be taken into account either during the development or the usage of a system. Motivated by the knowledge reuse potentials when developing systems within the same domain, we studied business rules in a large software company. We interviewed 11 experienced practitioners on how they understand, capture, and use business rules. We also studied the role of business rules in requirements engineering in the host organization. We found that practitioners have a very broad perception for this term, ranging from flows of business processes to directives for calling external system interfaces. We identified 27 types of rules, which are typically captured as a free text in requirements documents and other project documentation. Practitioners stated the need to capture this tacit form of domain knowledge and to trace it to other artifacts as it impacts all activities in a software engineering project. We distill our results in 17 findings and discuss the implications for researchers and practitioners.
Uplink Time Synchronization for Non-Terrestrial Networks (2023)

Uplink time synchronization techniques for Non-terrestrial Network (NTN) in 3GPP Release 17 are introduced. Uplink time synchronization is important for NTN because the uplink waveform is based on OFDM (thus requiring the transmission from all users to arrive within the cyclic prefix), and it is challenging in the case of LEO and MEO, because the propagation delay changes orders-of-magnitude faster than that in a typical terrestrial network. The uplink time synchronization follows a dual-loop approach: an open loop that calculates the service link delay based on the UE location and the satellite location and the feeder link delay based on parameters received from the network, and a closed loop that accumulates timing advance (TA) commands, intended to correct any residual timing error from the open loop. We examine the double correction issue resulting from the interaction between the two control loops and explain the 3GPP specification that addresses the issue. We also explain how to calculate the timing advance with examples.
A novel NF-kappa B complex containing p65 homodimers: implications for transcriptional control at the level of subunit dimerization. (1993)

The predominant inducible form of the NF-kappa B transcription factor is a heteromeric complex containing two Rel-related DNA-binding subunits, termed p65 and p50. Prior transfection studies have shown that when these p65 and p50 subunits are expressed independently as stable homodimers, p65 stimulates kappa B-directed transcription, whereas p50 functions as a kappa B-specific repressor. While authentic p50 homodimers (previously termed KBF1) have been detected in nuclear extracts from nontransfected cells, experimental evidence supporting the existence of p65 homodimers in vivo was lacking. We now provide direct biochemical evidence for the presence of an endogenous pool of inducible p65 homodimers in intact human T cells. As with the prototypical NF-kappa B p50-p65 heterodimer, this novel p65 homodimeric form of NF-kappa B is functionally sequestered in the cytoplasm but rapidly appears in the nuclear compartment following cellular stimulation. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that the homodimerization function of p65 is dependent upon the presence of cysteine 216 and a conserved recognition motif for protein kinase A (RRPS; amino acids 273 to 276), both of which reside within a 91-amino-acid segment of the Rel homology domain that mediates self-association. In contrast, mutations at these two sites do not affect heterodimerization of p65 with p50 or its functional interaction with I kappa B alpha. These later findings indicate that neither homo- nor heterodimer formation is an absolute prerequisite for I kappa B alpha recognition of p65. Taken together with prior in vivo transcription studies, these results suggest that the biological activities of p65 and p50 homodimers are independently regulated, thereby providing an integrated and flexible control mechanism for the rapid activation and repression of NF-kappa B/Rel-directed gene expression.
Highly Conducting Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Cross-Linked Poly(norbornene): Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2019)

A series of cross-linked (XL) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were synthesized on the basis of the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene monomers (rPNB). Poly(bromopropyl norbornene)-block-poly(butyl norbornene) diblock copolymers and poly(bromopropyl norbornene) homopolymers have an all-hydrocarbon backbone and a high ion-exchange capacity (IEC), up to 4.73 mequiv/g. N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMHDA) was used as a cross-linking agent to control the water uptake and mechanical instability. The cross-linked (20 mol % concentration) membrane made from high molecular weight poly(bromopropyl norbornene) (XL20-rPNB-LY100) had the highest conductivity of 99 mS/cm at 25 °C and 195 mS/cm at 80 °C. The alkaline stability of the best membrane was excellent with no detectable degradation in conductivity after 792 h in 1 M NaOH at 80 °C. Membranes were successfully tested as the polymer electrolyte in an AEM fuel cell.
The ScratchPad (2007)

The World Wide Web is a powerful platform for a wide range of information tasks. Dramatic advances in technology, such as improved search capabilities and the AJAX application model, have enabled entirely new web-based applications and usage patterns, making many tasks easier to perform than ever before. However, few tools have been developed to assist with sensemaking tasks: complex research behaviors in which users gather and comprehend information from many sources to answer potentially vague, non-procedural questions. Sensemaking tasks are common and include, for example, researching vacation destinations or deciding how to invest. This paper presents the ScratchPad, an extension to the standard browser interface that is designed to capture, organize, and exploit the information discovered while performing a sensemaking task.
History of RPEVs (2017)

An extensive review on road-powered electric vehicles (RPEVs) is provided in this chapter. RPEVs are attractive candidates for future transportation, as introduced in the previous chapter, because they do not rely on large and heavy batteries but directly and efficiently get power while moving along a road. The inductive power transfer systems (IPTSs) that have been widely used for the wireless powering of RPEVs are reviewed in this chapter. The development history of the IPTS is tracked from the origin of the RPEV in the 1890s to the recent RPEV. Throughout its hundred-year history, the size, weight, efficiency, airgap, lateral tolerance, EMF, and cost of the IPTS have been substantially improved, and now RPEVs are becoming more widely commercialized. Important milestones of the developments of the IPTS and RPEVs are summarized in this chapter, focusing on recent developments of on-line electric vehicles (OLEV) that were firstly commercialized in 2013. Some pictures in this chapter are reused in other chapters to give detailed explanations. This chapter is rewritten based on the literature of the author, C.T. Chun, by S.Y. Choi, B.W. Gu, S.Y. Jeong, and C.T. Rim, “Advances in wireless power transfer systems for road powered electric vehicles,” Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics of Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 18–36, March 2015, and by S.Y. Choi, G. Buja, C. Mi, and C.T. Rim, “Modern trends in wireless power transfer system for road powered electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, accepted for publication.
Braveheart, a Long Noncoding RNA Required for Cardiovascular Lineage Commitment (2013)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often expressed in a development-specific manner, yet little is known about their roles in lineage commitment. Here, we identified Braveheart (Bvht), a heart-associated lncRNA in mouse. Using multiple embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation strategies, we show that Bvht is required for progression of nascent mesoderm toward a cardiac fate. We find that Bvht is necessary for activation of a core cardiovascular gene network and functions upstream of mesoderm posterior 1 (MesP1), a master regulator of a common multipotent cardiovascular progenitor. We also show that Bvht interacts with SUZ12, a component of polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), during cardiomyocyte differentiation, suggesting that Bvht mediates epigenetic regulation of cardiac commitment. Finally, we demonstrate a role for Bvht in maintaining cardiac fate in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Together, our work provides evidence for a long noncoding RNA with critical roles in the establishment of the cardiovascular lineage during mammalian development.
Cucumis melo MicroRNA Expression Profile During Aphid Herbivory in a Resistant and Susceptible Interaction (2012)

Aphis gossypii resistance in melon (Cucumis melo) is due to the presence of a single dominant virus aphid transmission (Vat) gene belonging to the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat family of resistance genes. Significant transcriptional reprogramming occurs in Vat(+) plants during aphid infestation as metabolism shifts to respond to this biotic stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of many biotic stress responses. The role of miRNAs was investigated in response to aphid herbivory during both resistant and susceptible interactions. Small RNA (smRNA) libraries were constructed from bulked leaf tissues of a Vat(+) melon line following early and late aphid infestations. Sequence analysis indicated that the expression profiles of conserved and newly identified miRNAs were altered during different stages of aphid herbivory. These results were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments in both resistant Vat(+) and susceptible Vat(-) interactions. The comparative analyses revealed that most of the conserved miRNA families were differentially regulated during the early stages of aphid infestation in the resistant and susceptible interactions. Along with the conserved miRNA families, 18 cucurbit-specific miRNAs were expressed during the different stages of aphid herbivory. The comparison of the miRNA profiles in the resistant and susceptible interactions provides insight into the miRNA-dependent post-transcriptional gene regulation in Vat-mediated resistance.
Electron-Based Dissociation Is Needed for O-Glycopeptides Derived from OpeRATOR Proteolysis (2020)

The recently described O-glycoprotease OpeRATOR presents exciting opportunities for O-glycoproteomics. This bacterial enzyme purified from <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> cleaves N-terminally to serine and threonine residues that are modified with (preferably asialylated) O-glycans. This provides orthogonal cleavage relative to canonical proteases (e.g., trypsin) for improved O-glycopeptide characterization with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). O-glycopeptides with a modified N-terminal residue, such as those generated by OpeRATOR, present several potential benefits, perhaps the most notable being de facto O-glycosite localization without the need of glycan-retaining fragments in MS/MS spectra. Indeed, O-glycopeptides modified exclusively at the N-terminus would enable O-glycoproteomic methods to rely solely on collision-based fragmentation rather than electron-driven dissociation because glycan-retaining peptide fragments would not be required for localization. The caveat is that modified peptides would need to reliably contain only a single O-glycosite. Here, we use methods that combine collision- and electron-based fragmentation to characterize the number of O-glycosites that are present in O-glycopeptides derived from the OpeRATOR digestion of four known O-glycoproteins. Our data show that over 50% of O-glycopeptides in our sample generated from combined digestion using OpeRATOR and trypsin contain multiple O-glycosites, indicating that collision-based fragmentation alone is not sufficient. Electron-based dissociation methods are necessary to capture the <i>O-</i>glycopeptide diversity present in OpeRATOR digestions.
Stress and electric field gradient contributions to dielectric loss in ferroelectrics with interdigitated electrodes (2014)

Interdigitated electrode configurations produce nonuniform electric field and stress in the vicinity of the electrodes, creating a volume where the material is not uniformly polarized. This results in enhanced hysteresis in interdigitated electrode configurations relative to the hysteresis in the bulk material. The dielectric loss in a macro-fiber composite with interdigitated electrodes was characterized and is compared to the dielectric loss of the same material under a uniform field. The dielectric loss in the interdigitated electrode arrangement was found to be significantly larger and had a strong dependence on electric field amplitude. The dielectric loss is expressed in terms of an effective loss tangent (tan δ) and a more general damping model. A mechanism that contributes to the hysteresis is that the local stress in the ferroelectric material beneath the interdigitated electrodes induces ferroelastic polarization reorientation during each electric field cycle. The interactions between polarization gradients and residual stress are assessed using a finite element model with a micromechanical-based constitutive law.
The Fabrication and Testing of Optics for EUV Projection Lithography1,2 (1998)

Extreme UltraViolet Lithography (EUVL) is a leading candidate as a stepper technology for fabricating the “0.1 µm generation” of microelectronic circuits. EUVL is an optical printing technique qualitatively similar to Deep UV Lithography (DUVL), except that 11-13nm wavelength light is used instead of 193-248nm. The feasibility of creating 0.1µm features has been well-established using small-field EUVL printing tools, and development efforts are currently underway to demonstrate that cost-effective production equipment can be engineered to perform full-width ring-field imaging consistent with high wafer throughput rates. Ensuring that an industrial supplier base will be available for key components and subsystems is crucial to the success of EUVL. In particular, the projection optics are the heart of the EUVL imaging system, yet they have figure and finish specifications that are beyond the state-of-the-art in optics manufacturing. Thus it is important to demonstrate that industry will be able to fabricate and certify these optics commensurate with EUVL requirements.
Factor VIII gene analysis in Japanese CRM‐positive and CRM‐reduced haemophilia A patients by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (1997)

Haemophilia A is the most common X-linked blood coagulation disorder; it is caused by deficiency of factor VIII activity (FVIII:C). Half of the affected patients do not have detectable levels of FVIII protein in their plasma, whereas about 5% have normal levels of the FVIII antigen (FVIII:Ag) (> 50 u/dl), and are called cross-reacting material (CRM) positive (CRM+ or A+). About 45% of patients have reduced levels of the FVIII:Ag (1-50 u/dl), classified as CRM reduced (CRM[R] or A[R]). We screened the FVIII gene of 13 Japanese patients (five CRM+ and eight CRM[R]) by single-strand conformation polymorphism, and identified 11 different mutations in 13 patients by analysing all 26 exons (Trp255Cys, Tyr473Cys, Gly479Arg, Arg531His, Thr667Arg, Arg1689Cys, Arg1941Gln, Arg2150His, Arg2159Cys, Thr2245Ala and Gly2285Val). Seven mutations were identified in the A domains (four in the A2 domain). All the mutations are point mutations resulting in missense codons. Four mutations (Trp255Cys, Thr667Arg, Thr2245Ala and Gly2285Val) have not been described previously.
An optimised algorithm for velocity estimation method for motor drives (2003)

Traditionally two different algorithms are used for the estimation of angular velocity with an incremental encoder. At steady state, both of them ensure good performances only in a restricted range of velocity. In the paper an innovative hybrid algorithm specifically conceived for digital control system is proposed. The algorithm is quite easy to implement and guarantees a reduced relative error in a wide range of velocity variation. The algorithm is analyzed with an analytical approach and the results are confirmed by numerical simulations. Since in dynamic conditions the error in the measurement of the angular velocity with an encoder is strictly connected with the observation time, a correct method for the dimensioning of the observation time is discussed. The method can be combined with the preceding algorithm to obtain adaptive capabilities.
Engineering of Pyranose Dehydrogenase for Increased Oxygen Reactivity (2014)

Pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH), a member of the GMC family of flavoproteins, shows a very broad sugar substrate specificity but is limited to a narrow range of electron acceptors and reacts extremely slowly with dioxygen as acceptor. The use of substituted quinones or (organo)metals as electron acceptors is undesirable for many production processes, especially of food ingredients. To improve the oxygen reactivity, site-saturation mutagenesis libraries of twelve amino acids around the active site of Agaricus meleagris PDH were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We established high-throughput screening assays for oxygen reactivity and standard dehydrogenase activity using an indirect Amplex Red/horseradish peroxidase and a DCIP/D-glucose based approach. The low number of active clones confirmed the catalytic role of H512 and H556. Only one position was found to display increased oxygen reactivity. Histidine 103, carrying the covalently linked FAD cofactor in the wild-type, was substituted by tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine. Variant H103Y was produced in Pichia pastoris and characterized and revealed a five-fold increase of the oxygen reactivity.
Hydrocarbon formation from methanol and dimethyl ether using WO3/Al2O3 and H-ZSM-5 catalysts. A mechanistic investigation using model reagents (1988)

The methanol conversion catalysts H-ZSM-5 and 10% WO3/Al2O3 show significant differences in their activities as well as product selectivities towards a range of reagents Me—X [X =—OH, —OMe, —I, —OSO3Me, —OP(OMe)2O]. WO3/Al2O3 is typically two orders of magnitude less active and gives significant yields of methane and hydrogen compared to the zeolite catalyst. Formation of C2+ hydrocarbons over WO3/Al2O3 with Me2SO4 and (MeO)3PO provides evidence that the trimethyloxonium ion is an unlikely intermediate in the methanol to hydrocarbon conversion reaction, since these reagents cannot form this type of intermediate. Reactions in the presence of added hydrogen do not show significant differences in the product selectivities, particularly methane, indicating that the methane does not originate from reaction of an intermediate, e.g. methylene carbene, with molecular hydrogen. Significant differences in catalyst behaviour in the presence of added NO and O2 indicate different reaction mechanisms for initial C—C bond formation with both catalysts.
A New Class of Easily Activated Palladium Precatalysts for Facile C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions and the Low Temperature Oxidative Addition of Aryl Chlorides (2011)

A New Class of Easily Activated Palladium Precatalysts for Facile C−N Cross-Coupling Reactions and the Low Temperature Oxidative Addition of Aryl Chlorides
The Nuclear Receptor Corepressor N-CoR Regulates Differentiation: N-CoR Directly Interacts with MyoD (1999)

Classical ligand-activated nuclear receptors (e.g. thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor), orphan nuclear receptors (e.g. Rev-erbAalpha/beta), Mad/Max bHLH (basic helix loop helix)-LZ proteins, and oncoproteins, PLZF and LAZ3/BCL6, bind DNA and silence transcription by recruiting a repressor complex that contains N-CoR (nuclear receptor corepressor)/SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor), Sin3A/B, and HDAc-1/-2 proteins. The function of the corepressor, N-CoR, in the process of cellular differentiation and coupled phenotypic acquisition, has not been investigated. We examined the functional role of N-CoR in myogenesis (muscle differentiation), an ideal paradigm for the analysis of the determinative events that govern the cell's decision to divide or differentiate. We observed that the mRNA encoding N-CoR was suppressed as proliferating myoblasts exited the cell cycle, and formed morphologically and biochemically differentiated myotubes. Exogenous expression of N-CoR (but not RIP13) in myogenic cells ablated 1) myogenic differentiation, 2) the expression of the myoD gene family that encode the myogenic specific bHLH proteins, and 3) the crucial cell cycle regulator, p21Waf-1/Cip-1 mRNA. Furthermore, N-CoR expression efficiently inhibits the myoD-mediated myogenic conversion of pluripotential C3H10T1/2 cells. We demonstrate that MyoD-mediated transactivation and activity are repressed by N-CoR. The mechanism involves direct interactions between MyoD and N-CoR; moreover, the interaction was dependent on the amino-terminal repression domain (RD1) of N-CoR and the bHLH region of MyoD. Trichostatin A treatment significantly stimulated the activity of MyoD by approximately 10-fold and inhibited the ability of N-CoR to repress MyoD-mediated transactivation, consistent with the involvement of the corepressor and the recruitment of a histone deacteylase activity in the process. This work demonstrates that the corepressor N-CoR is a key regulator of MyoD activity and mammalian differentiation, and that N-CoR has a multifaceted role in myogenesis.
Solid-state electrochemistry of fluoride ionic conductive materials (2004)

Introduction Fluorides with the fluorite-type structure exhibit an order-disorder transition accompanied by an increase in ionic conductivity. Among these materials, superionic PbSnF4 is the highest performance fluoride ion conductor, with a conductivity that reaches 10 S/cm at room temperature. This exceptionally high fluoride ion conductivity prompted the study of PbSnF4 for a variety of applications, such as solid-electrolyte batteries, gas sensors, and other electrochemical devices. PbSnF4 exhibits multiple polymorphic transformations, which has led to a great deal of controversy over its thermal, structural, and electrical properties. Although the structure and polymorphism of PbSnF4 is largely understood now, and high F conductivity has been confirmed by multiple methods on samples prepared by a large range of methods, the material is still not widely used for commercial applications. One of the reasons seems to be its limited electrochemical stability in the working potential ranges of devices such as solid-electrolyte batteries or amperometric sensors. The present study employs classic cyclic voltammetry (in a three electrode configuration), as well as DC polarization methods to establish the stability potential window of PbSnF4 for different working electrodes, such as Pt and carbon, both in inert (N2) and reactive atmosphere (F2). SEM and EDAX techniques are used to image and analyze the electrochemical reaction products.