gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of β‐Carbonyl Radicals from Cyclopropanol Derivatives by the Oxidation with Manganese(III) 2‐Pyridinecarboxylate and Their Reactions with Electron‐Rich and ‐Deficient Olefins. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Speculative incoherent cache protocols (2004)

Multiprocessing and multithreading are becoming ubiquitous even on single chips. With increasing cache sizes, coherence misses in such systems will account for a larger fraction of all cache misses. As communication latencies increase, this larger fraction of coherence misses will cause significant and increased performance losses. Tuning coherence protocols for specific communication patterns and applications can reduce communication latencies. However, these optimizations increase a protocol's design complexity, making the protocol difficult to verify. A competing approach requires parallel programmers to tune applications to work well with simpler protocols. Speculative execution has successfully improved performance in various scenarios. We propose a new type of load speculation, called coherence decoupling. Coherence decoupling is a microarchitectural mechanism that implements separate protocols for speculative use and for the eventual verification of values. The technique reduces the effect of long communication latencies while mitigating the burdens on the coherence protocol designer and the parallel programmer.
Adaptive Optical Transmission Systems employing Multidimensional Modulation (2019)

We propose to use multidimensional modulation as flexible mapping technique for software defined optics. The flexible mappings have an optimized constellation shape with regard to the number of amplitude levels and power efficiency. We demonstrate the applicability of various established algorithms for digital signal processing (DSP) and investigate the impact of impairments like quantization and IQ-mismatches in a simulation. An experimental verification is conducted at 42 GBd symbol rate over up to 568.2 km fiber.
The Free Energy Profile of Tubulin Straight-Bent Conformational Changes, with Implications for Microtubule Assembly and Drug Discovery (2014)

αβ-tubulin dimers need to convert between a 'bent' conformation observed for free dimers in solution and a 'straight' conformation required for incorporation into the microtubule lattice. Here, we investigate the free energy landscape of αβ-tubulin using molecular dynamics simulations, emphasizing implications for models of assembly, and modulation of the conformational landscape by colchicine, a tubulin-binding drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization. Specifically, we performed molecular dynamics, potential-of-mean force simulations to obtain the free energy profile for unpolymerized GDP-bound tubulin as a function of the ∼12° intradimer rotation differentiating the straight and bent conformers. Our results predict that the unassembled GDP-tubulin heterodimer exists in a continuum of conformations ranging between straight and bent, but, in agreement with existing structural data, suggests that an intermediate bent state has a lower free energy (by ∼1 kcal/mol) and thus dominates in solution. In agreement with predictions of the lattice model of microtubule assembly, lateral binding of two αβ-tubulins strongly shifts the conformational equilibrium towards the straight state, which is then ∼1 kcal/mol lower in free energy than the bent state. Finally, calculations of colchicine binding to a single αβ-tubulin dimer strongly shifts the equilibrium toward the bent states, and disfavors the straight state to the extent that it is no longer thermodynamically populated.
Forearm versus upper arm grafts for vascular access (2017)

Forearm and upper arm arteriovenous grafts perform similarly in terms of patency and complications. Primary patency at 1 year for forearm arteriovenous grafts versus upper arm grafts ranges from 22%-50% versus 22%-42%, and secondary patency at 1 year ranges from 78%-89% versus 52%-67%), respectively. Secondary patency at 2 years, ranges from 30%-64% versus 35%-60% for forearm and upper arteriovenous graft, respectively. Ample pre-operative planning is essential to improved clinical success and the decision to place a graft at one location versus the other should be based solely on previous access history, physical exam, appropriate venous imaging, and other factors that make up the clinical picture. Operative implant strategies and risk of complications are very similar between the two configurations. Postoperative ischemia due to steal syndrome is a potential complication that requires immediate attention. Utilization of the proximal radial or ulnar artery for inflow for the graft can minimize risk of clinically relevant steal syndrome.
In Vitro Optimization of EtNBS-PDT against Hypoxic Tumor Environments with a Tiered, High-Content, 3D Model Optical Screening Platform (2012)

Hypoxia and acidosis are widely recognized as major contributors to the development of treatment resistant cancer. For patients with disseminated metastatic lesions, such as most women with ovarian cancer (OvCa), the progression to treatment resistant disease is almost always fatal. Numerous therapeutic approaches have been developed to eliminate treatment resistant carcinoma, including novel biologic, chemo, radiation, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) regimens. Recently, PDT using the cationic photosensitizer EtNBS was found to be highly effective against therapeutically unresponsive hypoxic and acidic OvCa cellular populations in vitro. To optimize this treatment regimen, we developed a tiered, high-content, image-based screening approach utilizing a biologically relevant OvCa 3D culture model to investigate a small library of side-chain modified EtNBS derivatives. The uptake, localization, and photocytotoxicity of these compounds on both the cellular and nodular levels were observed to be largely mediated by their respective ethyl side chain chemical alterations. In particular, EtNBS and its hydroxyl-terminated derivative (EtNBS-OH) were found to have similar pharmacological parameters, such as their nodular localization patterns and uptake kinetics. Interestingly, these two molecules were found to induce dramatically different therapeutic outcomes: EtNBS was found to be more effective in killing the hypoxic, nodule core cells with superior selectivity, while EtNBS-OH was observed to trigger widespread structural degradation of nodules. This breakdown of the tumor architecture can improve the therapeutic outcome and is known to synergistically enhance the antitumor effects of front-line chemotherapeutic regimens. These results, which would not have been predicted or observed using traditional monolayer or in vivo animal screening techniques, demonstrate the powerful capabilities of 3D in vitro screening approaches for the selection and optimization of therapeutic agents for the targeted destruction of specific cellular subpopulations.
Adjuvant activity of synthetic 6-O-"mycoloyl"-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and related compounds (1978)

Adjuvant and antitumor activities of synthetic 6-O-"mycoloyl"-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine were examined. All the synthetic 6-O-corynomycoloyl-, 6-O-mocardomycoloyl-, and 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine were active as adjuvants for cell-mediated immune responses. However, 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine was less active as an adjuvant on circulating antibody formation. It was shown that pyrogenic activity of N-acetylmuramyldipeptide was reduced by 6-O-acylation with mycolic acid, but not with nocardomycolic or corynomycolic acid. Tumor-suppression activity was observed by the synthetic 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine by using transplantable tumor in syngenic mice.
LDL cholesterol counteracts the antitumour effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against renal cell carcinoma (2017)

The ability of renal tumours to maintain their cholesterol homoeostasis may be a critical component of TKI resistance in RCC patients.
Polarization anisotropy in vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (2004)

The polarization-dependent gain (PDG) characteristics of a vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA) are measured, and the case of the PDG is determined. It is often assumed that the polarization states of a VCSOA are degenerate because of the circular geometry of the device. This assumption is not true in practice, and it is found that VCSOAs possess a dominant linear polarization state and a small difference in frequency between polarization states. The difference in resonant frequencies causes the PDG of the VCSOA. Measurements of the polarization state show that the cause of the splitting is electro-optic birefringence.
Frequent incidence of somatic mutations in translocated BCL2 oncogenes of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (1992)

The majority of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas contain a t(14;18) translocation that places the bc12 gene into juxtaposition with the transcriptically active Ig heavy-chain locus, thus deregulating the expression of this proto-oncogene. The bc12 gene product is a membrane-associated mitochondrial protein that regulates cell survival through unknown mechanisms. Although overproduction of the normal protein appears sufficient for conferring a selective growth or survival advantage to B cells, point mutations that alter the coding region of translocated bc12 genes have been described previously by others in a lymphoma cell line. However, it is not known whether somatic mutations that alter BCL2 proteins occur in vivo or whether they result from chemotherapy or arise through other mechanisms. For these reasons, we obtained DNA from the t(14;18)-containing tumors of five patients who had not undergone treatment for their disease, and used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mismatch technique for rapid identification of point mutations in a portion of the bc12 open reading frame (ORF) corresponding to the first 131 aminoacids (aa) of the 239 aa p26 BCL2 protein. DNAs from two t(14;18)-containing cell lines were also analyzed. Point mutations in this region of the bc12 gene ORF were detected in three of five patients' tumors and in both cell lines. PCR-mismatch analysis of bc12 in cell lines and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases that lacked the t(14;18) translocation was negative, thus establishing the specificity of these results. DNA sequencing determined that these mutations are predicted to produce aa substitutions in the BCL2 proteins of two of the primary tumors and one of the cell lines. Interestingly, two of the patients contained an identical C----T transition that resulted in a nonconservative aa substitution (proline----serine) at position 59 of the BCL2 protein. Further analysis excluded the possibility that these mutations represented hereditary polymorphisms or PCR artifacts. A cluster of four point mutations within the translocation + bc12 allele of one patient had hallmarks of the somatic hypermutation mechanism that is associated with Ig genes and that contributes to antibody diversity. Because of the region of the bcl2 gene analyzed in these t(14;18) translocations is located nearly 300 kbp from the Ig heavy-chain locus, our data suggest that the Ig gene somatic hypermutation mechanism can act over extreme distances of DNA. It remains to be established whether these somatic mutations that alter BCL2 proteins influence the pathobiology of nonHodgkin's lymphomas.
Process for levelling film surfaces and products thereof (2023)

Semiconductor films and photovoltaic devices prepared therefrom are provided wherein the semiconductor films have a specular surface with a texture less than about 0.25 micron greater than the average planar film surface and wherein the semiconductor films are surface modified by exposing the surface to an aqueous solution of bromine containing an acid or salt and continuing such exposure for a time sufficient to etch the surface.
3-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole (MK-0354): A Partial Agonist of the Nicotinic Acid Receptor, G-Protein Coupled Receptor 109a, with Antilipolytic but No Vasodilatory Activity in Mice (2008)

The discovery and profiling of 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole (5a, MK-0354), a partial agonist of GPR109a, is described. Compound 5a retained the plasma free fatty acid lowering effects in mice associated with GPR109a agonism, but did not induce vasodilation at the maximum feasible dose. Moreover, preadministration of 5a blocked the flushing effect induced by nicotinic acid but not that induced by PGD2. This profile made 5a a suitable candidate for further study for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Laplacian Linear Discriminant Analysis Approach to Unsupervised Feature Selection (2009)

Until recently, numerous feature selection techniques have been proposed and found wide applications in genomics and proteomics. For instance, feature/gene selection has proven to be useful for biomarker discovery from microarray and mass spectrometry data. While supervised feature selection has been explored extensively, there are only a few unsupervised methods that can be applied to exploratory data analysis. In this paper, we address the problem of unsupervised feature selection. First, we extend Laplacian linear discriminant analysis (LLDA) to unsupervised cases. Second, we propose a novel algorithm for computing LLDA, which is efficient in the case of high dimensionality and small sample size as in microarray data. Finally, an unsupervised feature selection method, called LLDA-based Recursive Feature Elimination (LLDA-RFE), is proposed. We apply LLDA-RFE to several public data sets of cancer microarrays and compare its performance with those of Laplacian score and SVD-entropy, two state-of-the-art unsupervised methods, and with that of Fisher score, a supervised filter method. Our results demonstrate that LLDA-RFE outperforms Laplacian score and shows favorable performance against SVD-entropy. It performs even better than Fisher score for some of the data sets, despite the fact that LLDA-RFE is fully unsupervised.
Excitation-Wavelength Dependence of Photoinduced Charge Injection at the Semiconductor-Dye Interface: Evidence for Electron Transfer from Vibrationally Hot Excited States (1998)

Heterodyad systems composed of a redox photosensitizer adsorbed on the surface of a wide band gap semiconductor were designed in a way that the ν'=0 energy level of the electronically excited state of the dye lies below the bottom of the conduction band of the solid. Under these conditions, the quantum yield of the charge injection from the sensitizer into the conduction band of the solid was found to depend upon the excitation photon energy. This observation provides an evidence that interfacial charge transfer is occurring prior to nuclear relaxation of the sensitizer's excited state. It allows the use of a simplified kinetic model and offers an easy experimental path to the determination of the electronic coupling that controls the rate of the ultrafast injection process.
Nickel Supported on Mesoporous Zirconium Oxide by Atomic Layer Deposition: Initial Fixed-Bed Reactor Study (2018)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is gaining attention as a catalyst preparation method able to produce metal (oxide, sulphide, etc.) nanoparticles of uniform size down to single atoms. This work reports our initial experiments to support nickel on mesoporous zirconia. Nickel (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)2 [Ni(thd)2] was reacted in a fixed-bed ALD reactor with zirconia, characterised with BET surface area of 72 m2/g and mean pore size of 14 nm. According to X-ray fluorescence measurements, the average nickel loading on the top part of the support bed was on the order of 1 wt-%, corresponding to circa one nickel atom per square nanometre. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that in the top part of the fixed support bed, nickel was distributed throughout the zirconia particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the nickel oxidation state to be two. Organic thd ligands remained complete on the surface after the Ni(thd)2 reaction with zirconia, as followed with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The ligands could be fully removed by oxidation at 400 °C. These initial results indicate that nickel catalysts on zirconia can likely be made by ALD. Before catalytic testing, in addition to increasing the nickel loading by repeated ALD cycles, optimization of the process parameters is required to ensure uniform distribution of nickel throughout the support bed and within the zirconia particles.
An apparatus for collecting total conidia of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei from leaf colonies using electrostatic attraction (2006)

Conidia from living conidiophores of barley powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei ) on host leaves were collected consecutively using an electrostatic spore collector. The collector consisted of an electrical conductor plate linked to an electrostatic voltage generator and insulator plates placed abreast on a timed conveyer. The conductor plate was negatively charged by the potential supplied from the voltage generator. The negatively charged conductor plate caused dielectric polarization of the insulator plate, and the surface charge on the insulator plate attracted mature conidia abstricted from conidiophores on colonies growing on leaves placed 2 cm from the insulator plate. The surface charge on the insulator plate was proportional to the voltage applied to the conductor plate. Under optimized conditions, abstricted conidia were attracted to the electrostatically activated insulator plates without any detriment to their survival. During a colony's life span of c . 460 h, conidia were released throughout the day and c . 12 × 10 4 conidia were collected during the lifetime of the colony. This is the first report on the direct quantification of progeny conidia produced by powdery mildew infecting host leaves.
New approaches to electrically driven nanoantennas (2017)

Electrically Driven Optical Antennas represent promising issues for integrated plasmonic nanosources. However, their low quantum efficiency (QE) remains a major hurdle. To address this issue, we analyze the different light emission mechanisms in planar nanoscale devices. We found that the electrical properties of the device are dictating the processes at play. For low device conductance, photons are essentially emitted by inelastic tunneling events and the applied voltage sets the highest photon energy. For high conductance gap antennas, we show that the spectrum released by the device originates from the spontaneous emission of out-of-equilibrium electronic distribution. We then propose a novel route for increasing the QE. Estimation shows that if the nanoantennas are excited by electrons passing ballistically through mesoscopic contacts constituting the antenna, the excitation QE may reach ~ 0.01-0.1. Finally, we explore an alternative approach based on charge injection in semiconductor Mie resonators.
Rapid induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic cells as a result of sonochemical effects generated by low energy ultrasonics: A promising tool (2001)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Cortical Substrates Supporting Visual Search in Humans (1991)

Serial and parallel visual search tasks were presented to patients with focal lesions in dorsolateral frontal, lateral parietal, or temporal-parietal cortex. In the unilateral display conditions, search efficiency in all patient groups was similar to the normal control group for stimuli both on the ipsi- and on the contralesional side of the displays. In contrast, in the bilateral display conditions, all patient groups showed a marked delay in initiating search on the side contralateral to the lesion as compared to normal controls. This delay was more pronounced when attention demands on the ipsilateral side increased, either by making target-distractor discrimination more difficult (serial search task), or by increasing the number of ipsilateral distractor items. The contralateral deficit was evident in all patient groups, supporting the notion that dorsolateral frontal as well as posterior parietal and temporal-parietal cortex plays a critical role in visual spatial attention.
Chemical reaction analysis of copper indium selenization (1996)

A chemical reaction analysis of the selenization of copper indium layers to form copper indium diselenide is presented. Time-progressive selenization reactions were carried out in a laminar flow tubular reactor in a dilute H2Se atmosphere at 400°C. Copper, indium and copper-indium thin films were reacted for 1–60 min. The reacted films are analyzed by x-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometry to identify the chemical species present in the reacted films. A reaction network for film formation is proposed and data from time-progressive selenizations were analyzed to obtain species composition profiles. Rate expressions are postulated and a mathematical model for the selenization is developed. The behavior of the model is compared with the experimentally determined species compositions to obtain specific reaction rate constants.
Color image processing for digital cameras (2017)

Color digital cameras are used by a growing number of consumers and professional photographers. These cameras use one or more charge-coupled-device or CMOS image sensors to capture color records of the scene, and they digitally process the color records to produce color image files. The professional cameras store unrendered image data, which later will be processed using proprietary software running on a separate host computer to complete the camera image processing. The capabilities and performance of a digital camera depend on both the camera’s hardware architecture and its image processing algorithms, often provided by firmware. Depending on the camera design, the camera image processing may be performed almost entirely in the camera application-specific integrated circuit or, alternatively, by a microprocessor incorporating a digital signal processor designed to provide rapid image processing. The tone scale/color reproduction process also must account for the fact that the dynamic range of a rendered image usually is substantially less than that of an original scene.
<title>International standardization of measurement methods for x-ray image intensifier tubes</title> (1993)

The performance of an x-ray image intensifier (XRII) tube is usually expressed in numbers attributed to performance parameters, like conversion factor, image distortion, and entrance field size. As the values may depend strongly on the definitions used, standardization of the measurement methods is important. Within IEC SC62B, Working Group 16 actively pursues this standardization.
Abort and retry in grasping (2011)

Iteration is often sufficient for a simple hand to accomplish complex tasks, at the cost of an increase in the expected time to completion. In this paper, we minimize that overhead time by allowing a simple hand to abort early and retry as soon as it realizes that the task is likely to fail. We present two key contributions. First, we learn a probabilistic model of the relationship between the likelihood of success of a grasp and its grasp signature—the trace of the state of the hand along the entire grasp motion. Second, we model the iterative process of early abort and retry as a Markov chain and optimize the expected time to completion of the grasping task by effectively thresholding the likelihood of success. Experiments with our simple hand prototype tasked with grasping and singulating parts from a bin show that early abort and retry significantly increases efficiency.