gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herbizide in der Photosyntheseforschung (1991)

Abstract Die Forschung auf den Gebieten der Photosynthese und der Herbizide verbindet eine lange gemeinsame Geschichte. 1956, schon bald nach der Einführung der substituierten Arylharnstoffe als hochwirksame Herbizide in die landwirtschaftliche Praxis, wurde erkannt, daß Substanzen aus dieser Verbindungsklasse den lichtabhängigen Elektronentransport und die Sauerstoffentwicklung hemmen. Seitdem werden Herbizide auch vieler anderer Stoffklassen als Photosynthesehemmer in der Forschung angewendet. Die Methoden, mit denen hier Kenntnisse über Vorgänge auf molekularer Ebene gesammelt und interpretiert wurden, sind beispielhaft dafür, wie rasch aus der allmählichen Aufklärung des Mechanismus der Photosynthese praktischer Nutzen erwachsen kann. Parallel dazu wuchs auch die Bedeutung von Herbiziden in der Photosyntheseforschung. So konnten mit ihrer Hilfe viele wichtige Details der Biochemie und Biophysik der Photosynthese geklärt werden, insbesondere die Rolle des Plastochinons, das aus seiner Bindenische in einer der Proteinuntereinheiten des Photosystems II verdrängt wird. Auch für die aktuelle Molekularbiologie der Photosynthese erwiesen sich wieder die Herbizide als nützliche Sonden. In neuerer Zeit können mit herbizidtoleranten Mutanten Rückschlüsse auf die Struktur des Photosystems II gezogen werden. In diesem Übersichtsartikel beschreiben wir den einstigen und gegenwärtigen Stand der Wechselwirkung zwischen Photosynthese‐ und Herbizidforschung. Sie hat es ermöglicht, ein dreidimensionales Modell für die Orientierung von Hemmstoffen in ihrer Bindenische in den Proteinuntereinheiten des Photosystems II anzugeben.
MVCLN: Multi-View Convolutional LSTM Network for Cross-Media 3D Shape Recognition (2020)

Cross-media 3D model recognition is an important and challenging task in computer vision, which can be utilized in many applications such as landmark detection, image set classification, etc. In recent years, with the development of deep learning, many approaches have been proposed to handle the 3D model recognition problem. However, all of these methods focus on the structure information representation and the multi-view information fusion, and ignore the spatial and temporal information. So that it is not suitable for the cross-media 3D model recognition. In this paper, we utilize the sequence views to represent each 3D model and propose a novel Multi-view Convolutional LSTM Network (MVCLN), which utilizes the LSTM structure to extract temporal information and applies the convolutional operation to extract spatial information. More especially, the spatial and temporal information both are considered during the training process, which can effectively utilize the differences between the view’s spatial information to improve the final performance. Meanwhile, we also introduce the classic attention model to define the weight of each view, which can reduce the redundant information of view’s spatial information in the information fusion step. We evaluate the proposed method on the ModelNet40 for 3D model classification and retrieval task. We also construct a dataset utilizing the overlap categories of MV-RED, ShapenetCore and ModelNet to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for the cross-media 3D model recognition. Experimental results and comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that our framework can achieve superior performance.
Impacts of the synthetic androgen Trenbolone on gonad differentiation and development – comparisons between three deeply diverged anuran families (2019)

Using a recently developed approach for testing endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs) in amphibians, comprising synchronized tadpole exposure plus genetic and histological sexing of metamorphs in a flow-through-system, we tested the effects of 17β-Trenbolone (Tb), a widely used growth promoter in cattle farming, in three deeply diverged anuran families: the amphibian model species Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) and the non-models Bufo(tes) viridis (Bufonidae) and Hyla arborea (Hylidae). Trenbolone was applied in three environmentally and/or physiologically relevant concentrations (0.027 µg/L (10<sup>-10</sup> M), 0.27 µg/L (10<sup>-9</sup> M), 2.7 µg/L (10<sup>-8</sup> M)). In none of the species, Tb caused sex reversals or masculinization of gonads but had negative species-specific impacts on gonad morphology and differentiation after the completion of metamorphosis, independently of genetic sex. In H. arborea and B. viridis, mounting Tb-concentration correlated positively with anatomical abnormalities at 27 µg/L (10<sup>-9</sup> M) and 2.7 µg/L (10<sup>-8</sup> M), occurring in X. laevis only at the highest Tb concentration. Despite anatomical aberrations, histologically all gonadal tissues differentiated seemingly normally when examined at the histological level but at various rates. Tb-concentration caused various species-specific mortalities (low in Xenopus, uncertain in Bufo). Our data suggest that deep phylogenetic divergence modifies EDC-vulnerability, as previously demonstrated for Bisphenol A (BPA) and Ethinylestradiol (EE2).
Regulation of intestinal uroguanylin/guanylin receptor-mediated responses by mucosal acidity (1997)

Guanylin and uroguanylin are intestinal peptides that stimulate chloride secretion by activating a common set of receptor–guanylate cyclase signaling molecules located on the mucosal surface of enterocytes. High mucosal acidity, similar to the pH occurring within the fluid microclimate domain at the mucosal surface of the intestine, markedly enhances the cGMP accumulation responses of T84 human intestinal cells to uroguanylin. In contrast, a mucosal acidity of pH 5.0 renders guanylin essentially inactive. T84 cells were used as a model epithelium to further explore the concept that mucosal acidity imposes agonist selectivity for activation of the intestinal receptors for uroguanylin and guanylin, thus providing a rationale for the evolution of these related peptides. At an acidic mucosal pH of 5.0, uroguanylin is 100-fold more potent than guanylin, but at an alkaline pH of 8.0 guanylin is more potent than uroguanylin in stimulating intracellular cGMP accumulation and transepithelial chloride secretion. The relative affinities of uroguanylin and guanylin for binding to receptors on the mucosal surface of T84 cells is influenced dramatically by mucosal acidity, which explains the strong pH dependency of the cGMP and chloride secretion responses to these peptides. The guanylin-binding affinities for peptide–receptor interaction were reduced by 100-fold at pH 5 versus pH 8, whereas the affinities of uroguanylin for these receptors were increased 10-fold by acidic pH conditions. Deletion of the N-terminal acidic amino acids in uroguanylin demonstrated that these residues are responsible for the increase in binding affinities that are observed for uroguanylin at acidic pH. We conclude that guanylin and uroguanylin evolved distinctly different structures, which enables both peptides to regulate, in a pH-dependent fashion, the activity of receptors that control intestinal salt and water transport via cGMP.
Immunodominance of seven regions of a major allergen, Cry j 2, of Japanese cedar pollen for T‐cell immunity (1996)

The immunodominant regions of the Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cry j 2 for T-cell immunity were determined with whole peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) derived from seven allergic patients and three nonallergic subjects. Cry j 2-stimulated T-cell proliferation was inhibited by anti-HLA-DR, but not by anti-HLA-DQ antibody, indicating that the responding T cells recognized the allergen peptides associated with HLA-DR molecules. It was found that seven regions of Cry j 2, i.e., regions corresponding to amino acid numbers 1-26, 70-84, 151-167, 187-203, 252-279, 283-314, and 345-362, were immunodominant for T-cell proliferation. Thus, Cry j 2 bears a limited number of immunodominant regions despite polymorphic features of HLA-DR in the immune system. This suggests the possibility of molecularly designing Cry j 2 antagonists that could downregulate allergic reactions to Japanese cedar pollen.
Dynamics of field-amplified sample stacking (2005)

Field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) uses conductivity gradients and resulting non-uniform electromigration fluxes to effect concentration increases of analyte ions. For cases where the initial sample concentration is much smaller than the background electrolyte (BGE) concentration, the ideal maximum concentration enhancement is equal to $\gamma $ , the ratio of conductivity of the sample solution to that of the BGE. However, in practice both molecular diffusion and convective dispersion limit concentration enhancement. We present a theoretical and experimental study of concentration enhancement using FASS. We model the FASS process as electromigration, diffusion, and advection of two background electrolyte ions and multiple sample species across a known initial concentration gradient. Regular perturbation methods and a generalized Taylor dispersion analysis are used to derive area-averaged species conservation and electric field equations. The model predicts the spatial and temporal development of background electrolyte concentration field, electric field, and sample-ion distribution of the FASS process. We have validated this model using on-chip FASS experiments. We use an acidified poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) coating to minimize dispersion due to electro-osmotic flow (EOF), and thereby evaluate the low- (but finite) dispersion regime of most interest. We have used CCD-based quantitative epifliuorescence imaging to quantify unsteady concentration fields and validate the model. This experimentally validated model is useful in developing optimal designs of sample stacking assay devices.
Base-victim compression (2016)

The memory wall has motivated many enhancements to cache management policies aimed at reducing misses. Cache compression has been proposed to increase effective cache capacity, which potentially reduces capacity and conflict misses. However, complexity in cache compression implementations could increase cache power and access latency. On the other hand, advanced cache replacement mechanisms use heuristics to reduce misses, leading to significant performance gains. Both cache compression and replacement policies should collaborate to improve performance. In this paper, we demonstrate that cache compression and replacement policies can interact negatively. In many workloads, performance gains from replacement policies are lost due to the need to alter the replacement policy to accommodate compression. This leads to sub-optimal replacement policies that could lose performance compared to an uncompressed cache. We introduce a novel, opportunistic cache compression mechanism, Base-Victim, based on an efficient cache design. Our compression architecture improves performance on top of advanced cache replacement policies, and guarantees a hit rate at least as high as that of an uncompressed cache. For cache-sensitive applications, Base-Victim achieves an average 7.3% performance gain for single-threaded workloads, and 8.7% gain for four-thread multi-program workload mixes.
Beyond Fullerenes: Indacenodithiophene-Based Organic Charge-Transport Layer toward Upscaling of Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

Phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is universally used as the electron-transport layer (ETL) in the low-cost inverted planar structure of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). PCBM brings tremendous challenges in upscaling of PeSCs using industry-relevant methods due to its aggregation behavior, which undermines the power conversion efficiency and stability. Herein, we highlight these, seldom reported, challenges with PCBM. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of nonfullerene indacenodithiophene (IDT)-based molecules by employing a commercially available variant, 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3- d:2',3'- d']- s-indaceno[1,2- b:5,6- b'] dithiophene (ITIC), as a PCBM replacement in ambient-processed PeSCs. Films fabrication by laboratory-based spin-coating and industry-relevant slot-die coating methods are compared. Although similar power-conversion efficiencies are achieved with both types of ETL in a simple device structure fabricated by spin-coating, the nanofibriller morphology of ITIC compared to the aggregated morphology of PCBM films enables improved mechanical integrity and stability of ITIC devices. Upon slot-die coating, the aggregation of PCBM is exacerbated, leading to significantly lower power-conversion efficiency of devices than spin-coated PCBM as well as slot-die-coated ITIC devices. Our results clearly indicate that IDT-based molecules have great potential as an ETL in PeSCs, offering superior properties and upscaling compatibility than PCBM. Thus, we present a short summary of recently emerged nonfullerene IDT-based molecules from the field of organic solar cells and discuss their scope in PeSCs as electron or hole-transport layer.
Laplace’s Equation, Genetic Algorithms, and Evolution (2002)

With the advent of problems in genetics that are either too difficult or too dangerous to solve experimentally, it is important to have mathematical tools available so that these problems may be solved through modeling and computation. To this end we developed a mathematical experimentation procedure to simulate the evolution of a population of individuals. The procedure employs genetic algorithm methodology to study a ‘species’ that is comprised of solutions to the Laplace equation. The algorithm is applied to the study of a particularly significant and controversial problem: The release of genetically engineered organism in the wild.
Computer-Assisted Mechanistic Evaluation of Organic Reactions. 24. Carbene Chemistry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-Assisted Mechanistic Evaluation of Organic Reactions. 24. Carbene ChemistryHarold E. Helson and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 14, 3841–3856Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00093a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00093a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of the alpha6beta4 integrin provides prognostic information in bladder cancer. (2000)

Integrins are cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix components that may participate in metastatic processes. Normal urothelial tissues show a polarized expression of alpha6beta4 integrin on basal cells at their junction with the lamina propria. We have previously shown that bladder cancers frequently overexpress one member of the integrin family, the alpha6beta4 integrin. In this study, we evaluated the level of alpha6beta4 integrin expression in bladder cancer specimens from 57 patients and correlated the expression level with patient survival. Expression was evaluated by immunoperoxidase staining. Three patterns of alpha6beta4 expression were observed: negative (13 patients); strong overexpression throughout the tumor cells (21 patients); and weak expression that most closely resembled expression in normal urothelium (23 patients). Individuals with weak staining tumors had a statistically significantly better survival (p=0.041) than patients whose tumors exhibited either no expression or strong overexpression. These data indicate that evaluation of the expression of alpha6beta4 integrin may provide valuable prognostic information on clinical outcome in patients with bladder cancer.
Cytokine Requirements for Induction of Systemic and Mucosal CTL After Nasal Immunization (2001)

Cholera toxin (CT) is frequently used as an experimental adjuvant intranasally for the induction of systemic and mucosal immunity. However, CT is highly reactogenic and not approved for use in humans. To define the cytokine requirements for the nasal activation of the systemic and mucosal immune system, and to design new adjuvants with efficacy similar to CT, we defined the cytokines that were able to replace CT as a nasal adjuvant for the induction of CTL. BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with an HIV immunogen that contains an MHC class I-restricted CTL epitope +/- cytokines and tested for HIV-specific immune responses. We found that combinations of IL-1alpha plus IL-18, IL-1alpha plus IL-12, and IL-1alpha plus IL-12 plus GM-CSF each induced optimal splenocyte anti-HIV CTL responses in immunized mice (range 60-71% peptide-specific (51)Cr release). Peak H-2D(d)-peptide tetramer-binding T cell responses induced by cytokine combinations were up to 5.5% of CD8(+) PBMC. Nasal immunization with HIV immunogen and IL-1alpha, IL-12, and GM-CSF also induced Ag-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells in the draining cervical lymph node and the lung. The use of IL-1alpha, IL-12, and GM-CSF as nasal adjuvants was associated with an increased expression of MHC class II and B7.1 on nonlymphocytes within the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue/nasal mucosa. Thus, IL-1alpha, IL-12, IL-18, and GM-CSF are critical cytokines for the induction of systemic and mucosal CTL after nasal immunization. Moreover, these cytokines may serve as effective adjuvants for nasal vaccine delivery.
Comparing the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms before versus during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2022)

4.
Supplementary Figure from Tumor ENPP1 (CD203a)/Haptoglobin Axis Exploits Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Post-Radiotherapy Local Recurrence in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Tumor ENPP1 (CD203a)/Haptoglobin Axis Exploits Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Post-Radiotherapy Local Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Assessment method of balance ability of older adults using an in-shoe motion sensor (2022)

Falls rank as the second main cause of accidental death and injury in older adults, so technologies are urgently needed that are accurate, inexpensive, and easy to use to administer fall risk assessments in daily living. In this study, as the first stage of assessing fall risk in daily living, by using in-shoe motion sensor (IMS), we aim to develop an assessment method for dynamic balance ability that is an important factor for fall risk assessment. Sixty-four elderly participants were recruited for constructing the assessment model, and 20 other participants were recruited for model validation. We used statistical parametric mapping to analyze the correlation between the IMS signals and the outcome of FRT, the clinical score for evaluating dynamic balance ability, and then constructed predictors from highly correlated parts. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used for evaluating and limits of agreement (LoA) of Bland-Altman plots was used for validating the constructed model. In the results for both men and women, the estimation model achieved "excellent" ICC inter-rater agreement between true and estimated values, and in the validation, 90% of participants were effectively estimated inside the LoA.
TaSiN thin-film pattern transfer optimization for 200 mm SCALPEL and extreme ultraviolet lithography masks (2000)

Optimized etch processes for the pattern transfer of TaSiN-based SCALPEL and extreme ultraviolet lithography masks have been developed. For controllability, the etch rate is very commensurate with the pattern transfer of thin films, about 140 Å/min. Furthermore, selectivity to Cr at the process of record conditions (30 W radio frequency, 375 W inductively coupled plasma, 8 mT) is greater than 50:1, a necessity for pattern transfer on membrane-based masks. Critical dimension bias is on the order of 10 nm. For the fabrication of SCALPEL masks, supporting descum and Cr etch processes were also developed and are described later. Typical intramembrane uniformity of a 12.1 mm by 1.1 mm membrane processed through the entire pattern transfer sequence was found to be 8 nm, three sigma, which is quite favorable when compared with the starting resist uniformity (7 nm, three sigma). Similarly, using a test vehicle spanning 528 membranes, the intermembrane three sigma standard deviation was found to be 9 nm (starting resist uniformity of 8 nm, three sigma).
A translocation between Xq21.33 and 22q13.33 causes an intragenic SHANK3 deletion in a woman with Phelan–McDermid syndrome and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (2011)

Chromosome 22q13 monosomy has been described as a contiguous gene syndrome. Localized in the critical region, SHANK3 is likely to play a key role in the expression of the clinical phenotype. SHANK3 mutations have also been reported in autistic patients without a syndromic phenotype. We report on a 20-year-old woman with mental retardation carrying a de novo translocation between chromosome Xq21.33 and 22q13.33, associated with a duplication on Xq21.33 and deletion on 22q13.33. As a child her development was characterized by disturbed social interaction, stereotypic hand movements and ritualistic behavior and she was considered at one time to have autistic features. All these traits match the 22q13 deletion syndrome (Phelan-McDermid syndrome, OMIM 606232), likely due to the deletion overlapping the last two exons of the SHANK3 gene. Our patient harbors the smallest and most distal SHANK3 deletion described to date, yet resulting in the full spectrum of the Phelan-McDermid syndrome. In addition, she has hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with low estrogen level, high FSH level, and irregular menstruation. Intriguingly, chromosome translocations affecting the chromosome band Xq21 can result in premature ovarian failure.
Characterization of the response of human bone marrow endothelial cells to in vitro irradiation (1998)

Endothelial cell dysfunction is a classic consequence of radiation damage. Bone marrow endothelial cells (BMEC) are a critical component of the stroma in the regulation of haemopoiesis. In animal models, radiation-induced injury of BMEC has been described and a role for BMEC in haemopoietic regeneration after irradiation has been suggested. However, functions of BMEC involved in the haemopoietic regeneration have not been assessed. Therefore we studied the functional response of human BMEC to irradiation using the transformed human BMEC line (TrHBMEC) irradiated with 2. 5 or 10Gy. Our results showed a time- and a dose-dependent increase in damage to irradiated TrHBMEC measured by a decreased number of adherent cells which correlated with increased apoptosis and augmented release of soluble ICAM-1 and von Willebrand factor. 2 Gy irradiated TrHBMEC expressed more ICAM-1 on their surface than non-irradiated cells, whereas no change in VCAM-1, E-selectin and PECAM-1 expression was observed. An increased production of G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-11, MIP-1alpha and SCF and no production of LIF, TNF-alpha, TPO and IL-3 by 2 Gy irradiated TrHBMEC was observed. The haemopoietic supportive function of TrHBMEC was not altered after a 2 Gy exposure. These results suggest that although radiation induces endothelial cell damage, irradiated cells still support the proliferation and the differentiation of CD34+ haemopoietic cells.