gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Hyperbolic Tangent Modelling Approach for the Creep Behavior of the Single Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy CMSX4 (2008)

Rolls-Royce has developed a hyperbolic tangent representation of creep, referred to as CT07 Although, such an approach has been successfully applied to a number of nickel-based superalloys, it will be shown that it does not adequately capture the shapes of the creep curves and rupture times of the single crystal CMSX4 at temperatures below 800C and above 1000C. This result arises from the implicit assumption made in CT07 that the generic shape of the creep curve is tertiary dominated, which is not observed in CMSX4. This paper presents a new hyperbolic tangent formulation that accounts for sigmoidal creep, the large primary creep strains observed at low temperatures, the tertiary dominated creep behaviour at high temperatures (850-1000C) and the secondary creep dominated response above 1000C. A microstructure-explicit creep model has been used to derive parameters, such as the incubation time at low temperatures, which feed into the new hyperbolic tangent formulation. It will be shown that the new hyperbolic tangent model predictions of the CMSX4 creep response are in good agreement with the experimental data over a wide range of stresses and temperatures.
Supplementary Information from A KDM5 Inhibitor Increases Global H3K4 Trimethylation Occupancy and Enhances the Biological Efficacy of 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
The quest for a functional substrate access tunnel in FeFe hydrogenase (2010)

We investigated di-hydrogen transport between the solvent and the active site of FeFe hydrogenases. Substrate channels supposedly exist and serve various functions in certain redox enzymes which use or produce O2, H2, NO, CO, or N2, but the preferred paths have not always been unambiguously identified, and whether a continuous, permanent channel is an absolute requirement for transporting diatomic molecules is unknown. Here, we review the literature on gas channels in proteins and enzymes and we report on the use of site-directed mutagenesis and various kinetic methods, which proved useful for characterizing substrate access to the active site of NiFe hydrogenase to test the putative "static" H2 channel of FeFe hydrogenases. We designed 8 mutations in attempts to interfere with intramolecular diffusion by remodeling this putative route in Clostridium acetobutylicum FeFe hydrogenase, and we observed that none of them has a strong effect on any of the enzyme's kinetic properties. We suggest that H2 may diffuse either via transient cavities, or along a conserved water-filled channel. Nitrogenase sets a precedent for the involvement of a hydrophilic channel to conduct hydrophobic molecules.
Molecular Layer Deposition of Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Polymer Films using Diethylzinc and Ethylene Glycol (2009)

Abstract The molecular layer deposition (MLD) of a hybrid organic‐inorganic polymer based on zinc is demonstrated using sequential exposures of diethyl zinc (DEZ, Zn(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ) and ethylene glycol (EG, HOCH 2 CH 2 OH). This polymer is representative of a class of zinc alkoxide polymers with an approximate formula of (ZnORO) n that can be called “zincones”. The film growth and surface chemistry during zincone MLD is studied using in‐situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The absorbance of the infrared features of the zincone film increase progressively versus the number of MLD cycles. The FTIR spectra after the DEZ and EG exposures are consistent with the gain and loss of absorbance from CH, OH, CO, and ZnO stretching vibrations. FTIR studies also confirm the self‐limiting nature of the surface reactions and monitor the temperature dependence of the film growth. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of ZrO 2 nanoparticles show very conformal zincone films and determine that the growth rate varies from 4.0 Å per MLD cycle at 90 °C to 0.25 Å per MLD cycle at 170 °C. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements show linear zincone growth versus the number of MLD cycles. XRR studies on silicon wafers are consistent with a growth rate of 0.7 Å per MLD cycle at 130 °C. The higher growth rate on the ZrO 2 nanoparticles is attributed to the lower gas conductance and possible CVD reactions in the ZrO 2 nanoparticles. The reaction mechanism for zincone MLD is dependent on temperature. At higher temperatures, there is evidence for “double” reactions of EG because no free hydroxyl groups are observed in the FTIR spectrum after the EG exposures. The zincone film can grow in the absence of free hydroxyl groups if DEZ can diffuse into the zincone film and react during the subsequent EG exposure. The zincone films initially adsorb H 2 O upon exposure to air and then are very stable with time.
High-efficient tunable sound sources for ocean and bottom tomography, 15 years of operating history (2016)

In November, 2001, the R/V “Point Sur” departed from the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories pier with the first prototype of a high-Q, tunable organ pipe projector. The first test of the tunable Teledyne Webb Research (TWR) organ-pipe was successfully conducted on 11.09.2001. The TWR sound source demonstrated exceptional performance. It was coherent, efficient, powerful, and had unlimited operational depth, as well as a minimum level of high frequency harmonic content. The projector uses a narrow-band, highly efficient sound resonator, which is tuned to match the frequency and phase of a reference frequency-modulated signal. A finite element simulation shows the structural acoustics of the tunable resonator. The results of such simulation for the organ pipe with the octave frequency band are presented and discussed. This sound source was built for the Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, CA) for studying temperature variability in the California Current. Since 2001, many deep-water ocean acoustic experiments have used this type of TWR sound source. The operating history of the sound sources is reviewed here. The first variant of the TWR sound source tuned the frequency of the resonator tube over the bandwidth 200–300 Hz. Modifications with 140–205 Hz, 500–1000 Hz and 800–1200 Hz frequency sweeps have been built. The transmission duration can vary from one second to a few minutes. In October 2002 a TWR sound source was deployed on the top of Hoke Seamount. It transmitted 135-s linear frequency sweeps for ocean acoustic tomography and RAFOS 80-s narrow-band chirps for two years until October 2004. The signal was received with a good signal-to-noise ratio at 700 km range. During 2004 and 2005 the TWR sound source system was used as a part of the instrumentation for the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE) of the International program CLIVAR. The sound source was deployed near the French island of Guadeloupe and transmitted tomographic signals to measure the temperature of the North Atlantic cold deep waters during 2004– 2005. After solving the engineering problems found in the first sea trials, a modified deep-water version of the sound source was built for long-term deployment.
Fast-moving target observation using high-frequency surface wave radar (2014)

The high-frequency (HF) surface wave radar system located at the coast is well-known as a tool for synoptic on-line mapping of sea surface current fields and the spatial distribution of the sea waves. Especially for oceanographic applications, low power HF radar systems have been developed, which use surface wave propagation along the salty sea surface. Such HF radar system brings area surveillance far beyond the conventional microwave radar coverage. Additional options for oceanographic radar applications can be vessel and aircraft monitoring above sea surface. This paper describes a new attempt in signal processing approach for detection of fast-moving targets in the radar observations based on a constant false-alarm-rate algorithm. The target locations detected by the HF radar are passed to a tracking filter using range and azimuth information to track the locations of fast-moving targets. A special short coherent integration time mode has been applied for processing real radar measurements. The tracking procedure is performed for fast-moving target observation using two monostatic HF radar systems located at the coast.
Plasmon ultraviolet laser using patterned hyperbolic metamaterials (2017)

An ultraviolet plasmonic nanolaser was demonstrated using a patterned hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) on AlGaN MQWs. The excited strong SPP resonance in the HMM structure provides a resonant feedback to the MQWs to reach lasing action.
Structural studies by 1H and 13C dynamic n.m.r.: Part III alternative protonation sites in carbonyl conjugated enamines of the type R1C(O)CHCHNR2R3 (1977)

Abstract 13 C magnetic resonance spectra of several enamino ketones with secondary and tertiary amino groups were obtained for trifluoroacetic acid solutions. In both series O ‐protonation is predominant and the chemical shifts are related to the electron density changes with respect to the parent base. The spectra of the tertiary compounds are interpreted in terms of slow rotation around the C–1C–2 and C–3N bonds discernible at room temperature. O ‐protonated forms of the secondary enamino ketones undergo further reaction on C–2 yielding pyridinium salts. The mechanism of formation of the quaternary salts is interpreted and the additivity parameters of the 13 C n.m.r. chemical shifts in the pyridinium ions is briefly discussed.
Continuous Microreactor-Assisted Solution Deposition for Scalable Production of CdS Films (2013)

Solution deposition offers an attractive, low temperature option in the cost effective production of thin film solar cells. Continuous microreactor-assisted solution deposition (MASD) was used to produce nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates with excellent uniformity. We report a novel liquid coating technique using a ceramic rod to efficiently and uniformly apply reactive solution to large substrates (152 mm × 152 mm). This technique represents an inexpensive approach to utilize the MASD on the substrate for uniform growth of CdS films. Nano-crystalline CdS films have been produced from liquid phase at ∼90°C, with average thicknesses of 70 nm to 230 nm and with a 5 to 12% thickness variation. The CdS films produced were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-Ray diffraction to demonstrate their suitability to thin-film solar technology.
Comparison of body mass index with waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-stature ratio as a predictor of hypertension incidence in Mauritius (2008)

The relation of the development of hypertension with BMI was as strong as that with central obesity indicators in the population studied.
240-Gbps SDM-FSO communication using 4-bundle fiber and 2D photodetector array (2021)

We demonstrate a high-data-rate, free-space optical communication through a 4-bundle fiber using a multi-pixel 2D photodetector array. By employing pre-distortion techniques, a 10-Gbaud, 64-QAM signal transmission per channel could be successfully achieved (BER&lt; 1x10 -3 ).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of Furans with Alkyl α‐Diazomethanesulfonate and α‐Diazomethanephosphonate: Synthesis of ω‐Acyl‐Substituted Sulfono‐ and Phosphonobutadienes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of Bio-aerosols and COVID-19 Equivalent Particles Via On-chip Mid Infrared Photonic Spectroscopy (2018)

We propose an on-chip mid-infrared (MIR) photonic spectroscopy platform for aerosol characterization to obtain highly discriminatory information on the chemistry of aerosol particles. Sensing of aerosols is crucial for various environmental, climactic, warfare threat detection, and pulmonary healthcare applications. Further, there are a number of unintended situations for potential exposure to bioaerosols such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. For instance, the current pandemic scenario of COVID-19 occurring across the world. Currently, chemical characterization of aerosols is performed using FTIR spectroscopy yielding chemical fingerprinting because most of the vibrational and rotational transitions of chemical molecules fall in the MIR range; and Raman spectroscopy. Both techniques use free space bench-top geometries. Here, we propose miniaturized on-chip MIR photonics-based aerosol spectroscopy consisting of a broadband spiral-waveguide sensor that significantly enhances particle-light interaction to improve sensitivity. The spiral waveguides are made of a chalcogenide glass material (Ge23Sb7S70) which shows a broad transparency over IR range. We demonstrate the sensing of N-methyl aniline-based aerosol particles with the device. We anticipate that the sensor will readily complement existing photonic resonator-based particle sizing and counting techniques to develop a unified framework for on-chip integrated photonic aerosol spectroscopy.
Improvement of the Lectin-Antibody Enzyme Immunoassay of the Alphafetoprotein Carbohydrate Chain for Automation with the Enzyme Immunoassay Robot (2005)

The lectin-antibody enzyme immunoassay of the alphafetoprotein-L3 carbohydrate chain, a tumor marker of liver cancer, has not been automated. We improved the technique of the assay for automation. Consequently, alphafetoprotein-L3 and total alphafetoprotein were detected with two lectins using an automatic paramagnetic bead handling robot. This indicates that the improved method is potentially applicable to the automated enzyme immunoassay robot.
Supplementary Video S1 Legend from RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across <i>FGFR2</i> Alterations and Resistance Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary video legend describing schematic video of P-loop dynamics&lt;/p&gt;
Quasi-Three-Dimensional Numerical Solution of Flow in Turbomachines (1977)

The paper demonstrates the operational feasibility of obtaining flow detail through turbomachine blade passages by working iteratively with existing two-dimensional computer programs which solve alternately for S1 and S2 streamsheets. The resulting solution is regarded as “quasi-three-dimensional” because of the constraints implied by the use of S1 streamsurfaces which are surfaces of revolution and of a single, mass averaged S2 streamsurface. Since the S1 streamsheet thickness distributions are determined by the mean S2 solution and the mean S2 streamsurface shape is determined from the set of S1 solutions, the results obtained are anticipated to be better than could have been obtained by either program individually, since the latter application would necessarily have required the user to assume arbitrary variations for these factors. Comparisons of two and quasi-three dimensional results for a centrifugal compressor and a radial inflow turbine are presented.
Expression of functional G protein beta gamma dimers of defined subunit composition using a baculovirus expression system. (1992)

The 36-kDa beta 1, 35-kDa beta 2, and 6.5-kDa gamma 2 subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins have been overexpressed in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression system. The gamma 2 subunit expressed in Sf9 cells incorporated label derived from [3H]mevalonate and is therefore likely to be isoprenylated, as is its mammalian counterpart. Extracts of Sf9 cells doubly infected with viruses encoding a beta subunit and viruses encoding a gamma subunit are active in promoting the pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a G protein alpha subunit. However, extracts from Sf9 cells singly infected with viruses encoding either a beta or gamma subunit are not active in this assay. Results demonstrate utility of the insect/baculovirus system for expressing G protein beta gamma subunits of defined composition.
Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1 Gene Transfer Inhibits Melanoma Cell Growth (2007)

Silencing of Wnt antagonists with aberrant activation of Wnt signaling is a common phenomenon in various human cancers. Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling and acts through direct binding to Wnt in the extracellular space. In this study, we tried to illuminate the impact of WIF-1 gene expression in melanoma with WIF-1 silencing by in vitro and in vivo studies. We restored the expression of WIF-1 by nonviral gene transfer with a pcDNA3.1 vector. We demonstrated inhibition of melanoma cell growth after WIF-1 restoration in colony formation and proliferation assays in vitro. In addition, the inhibitory effect was related to downregulation of Wnt signaling, which was demonstrated at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, by using a xenograft mouse model, we confirmed the effect of WIF-1 expression in suppressing tumor growth by inhibition of Wnt signaling in vivo. Our results suggest the potential for further application of WIF-1 gene therapy in melanoma with WIF-1 silencing.
Generation of Nitric Oxide by the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Protects γδ T Cells from Mycobacterium tuberculosis- Induced Apoptosis (1999)

Abstract γδ T cells are early recruited into mycobacterial lesions. Upon microbial Ag recognition, γδ cells secrete cytokines and chemokines and undergo apoptosis via CD95/CD95 ligand (CD95L) interaction, possibly influencing the outcome of infection and the characteristics of the disease. In this paper we show that activated phagocytes acquire, upon challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the ability to inhibit M. tuberculosis-induced γδ cell apoptosis. Apoptosis protection was due to NO because it correlated with NO synthase (NOS)-2 induction and activity in scavenger cells and was abrogated by NOS inhibitors. Furthermore, the NO donor S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine mimicked the effect of enzyme induction. NO left unaffected the expression of CD95 and CD95L, suggesting interference with an event ensuing CD95/CD95L interaction. NO was found to interfere with the intracellular accumulation of ceramide and the activation of caspases, which were involved in γδ T cells apoptosis after M. tuberculosis recognition. We propose that NO generated by infected macrophages determines the life span and therefore the function of lymphocytes at the infection site, thus linking innate and adaptive immunity.
Gas-Phase Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol:  Pathways and Kinetic Modeling (1996)

The kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol has been studied, and the formation and destruction rates of products have been measured. The important intermediates were identified as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, formaldehyde, and formic acid. Minor reaction channels resulted in the formation of methyl formate, ethyl formate, and methyl acetate. Kinetic and “dark” adsorption parameters were measured for ethanol and all of the important intermediates. We have modeled the complete oxidation process using a sequential chemical reaction mechanism. This mechanism is based primarily upon known homogeneous chemistry. However, the formation of acids from aldehydes in photocatalytic oxidation is different from known homogeneous chemistry and demonstrates the ability of the solid surface to stabilize energized transient species. We have measured the adsorp tion isotherms for ethanol and the oxidized intermediates and have concluded that there are two adsorption sites for some of the chemical species. We think it is possible that the adsorption properties of the compounds will change when the solid is illuminated.
Characterization, in some human breast cancer cell lines, of gastrin‐releasing peptide‐like receptors which are absent in normal breast epithelial cells (1990)

The binding of 125I-Tyr4 bombesin was investigated on plasma membranes of 8 human breast cancer cell lines and 2 long-term cultures of normal human breast epithelial cells. Scatchard plots were compatible with high-affinity, single-site class of receptors in 3 cell lines (KD of 0.75 x 10(-9) and 10(-9) M, Bmax of 0.75 x 10(-13) and 9.7 x 10(-13) M/mg protein in MDA-MB231 and in T47D cells, respectively) while no binding was observed in 5 other cell lines and normal epithelial cells. The neuropeptide and its structural analogues (natural or synthetic) inhibited the binding of 125I-Tyr4 bombesin in the following order of potency: gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, EC50 = 1.7 x 10(-10) M) greater than BIM 26159 greater than bombesin, Tyr4 bombesin greater than BIM 26147 greater than litorin greater than neuromedin C. In contrast, 125I-Tyr4 bombesin binding was not displaced by neuromedin B, somatostatin, bradykinin and insulin. In agreement with our binding data, SDS-PAGE of the complex 125I-Tyr4 bombesin-receptor covalently linked by ethylene glycol-bis succinimidyl succinate (EGS) identified after autoradiography a single band with a molecular weight of 75,000, which disappeared in the presence of bombesin in excess. No transcription of either GRP or neuromedin B mRNA could be shown in tumor or normal cells. Exogenous gastrin-releasing peptide had no effect on growth of the cell lines when a serum-free medium was used, implicating that in breast cancer cell lines this receptor does not mediate growth but has a functional role.
CB1 Cannabinoid Antagonists: Structure-Activity Relationships and Potential Therapeutic Applications (2008)

During the last decade there has been a growing interest towards the modulation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. The identification of CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists has been one of the major advances in cannabinoid research. Thus, the development of these ligands has opened new therapeutic applications. Since the discovery of the first cannabinoid receptor antagonist, rimonabant, by Sanofi in 1994, a large number of structural variations within this chemical series of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles have been described. So far, all attempts to identify novel structures for CB1 antagonists have been based on one or more pharmacophoric elements of the rimonabant structure. The advanced clinical trials of rimonabant confirm the therapeutic potential value of CB1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity. In addition, the results of pharmacological and clinical studies reveal other effective pharmacotherapeutic applications. The current review will mainly focus on the structure-activity relationships that have been established for antagonists/inverse agonists that bind to the CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on their therapeutic applications.
VEHICLE LIGHTING TRENDS. DEVELOPMENT OF MR (MULTI-REFLECTOR) HEADLAMP (HEADLAMP WITH SLANT ANGLE OF 60 DEGREES, CONTRIBUTABLE TO FUTURE VEHICLE BODY STYLING) (1987)

A description is presented of the development and characteristics of the mr (multi reflector) headlamp lens designed to meet a demand for slanting headlamp profiles. Present retractable headlamps have the disadvantage that when switched on they lose aerodynamic efficiency and also require complicated mechanisms. Conventional slanting headlamps suffer from light emission inefficiency that increases in proportion to the headlamp lens slant angle. The lens system described, which incorporates a parabolic cylinder reflector with light diffusing function, is said to allow a lens slant angle of up to 60 degrees. For the covering abstract see IRRD 810753. (TRRL)
Formation of high quality alane (2023)

Methods for forming alane are described. The method includes addition of toluene at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of alane to a lower temperature solution that includes alane adduct, ether, and toluene. Upon the addition, a crystallization mixture is formed that is at or near the crystallization temperature of alane. The alane of the mixture crystallizes over a period of time to form a high purity alane polymorph.