gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large displays in automotive design (2000)

Explores the traditional and current uses of large displays in automotive design and presents new applications that make innovative use of large-format electronic displays. The development of our applications has highlighted several issues and challenges for the future. Perhaps the overriding issue is that, ultimately, the story is about interaction, not displays. For the system to be of value, it's generally not enough simply to present information. Viewers must be able to create, manipulate, explore and annotate the displayed image. Furthermore, the display's location, who uses it, what it's used for and how it's used are all critical in determining value.
Toshiba BRIDJE at NTCIR-4 CLIR: Monolingual/Bilingual IR and Flexible Feedback (2004)

Toshiba participated in the Monolingual/Bilingual tasks at NTCIR-4 CLIR using our CLIR system called BRIDJE. We submitted 24 runs covering three topic languages (Japanese, English and Chinese) and two document languages (Japanese and English) and achieved the highest performances in the E-J-D, CJ-D, C-J-T, E-E-D, J-E-D, J-E-T subtasks. We had 12 more runs which we were not allowed to submit due to the limitation on the number of runs, with which we would have achieved the highest performances in the J-J-D, C-E-D and C-E-T subtasks as well. Based on our formal run results, this paper discusses (a) the feasibility of the MT-based pivot language approach; (b) the effectiveness of our new Flexible Pseudo-Relevance Feedback methods; and (c) the advantages of Q-measure, which is a new retrieval performance metric based on multigrade relevance.
1310nm Silicon Evanescent Laser (2007)

An electrically pumped 1310 nm silicon evanescent laser (SEL) is demonstrated utilizing the hybrid silicon evanescent waveguide platform. The SEL operates continuous wave (C.W.) up to 105degC with a threshold current of 30 mA and a maximum output power of 5.5 mW.
DNA intermediates at the Escherid Effect of dUTP (2016)

We have directly tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of dUTP cause the formation of small DNA fragments at the replication fork of Escherichia coli. Addition of increasing levels of dUTP to lysates on cellophane discs re- sults in an increasing number of strand scissions in the newly replicated DNA. Lysates of strains defective in dUTPase pro- duce many more scissions at the same level of dUTP. The size distribution of Okazaki pieces obtained in vivo can be recon- stituted in vitro on cellophane discs if appropriate levels of dUTP are present. Although uracil excision leads to the apparent production of Okazaki pieces from both daughter strands, DNA synthesis is actually asymmetric under these conditions. De novo chain initiation events occur on only one strand. It is suggested that asymmetry of synthesis in vivo may be masked
Human primary T cells: A practical guide (2018)

Human primary T cells are invaluable and feasible model systems to study the characteristics of the immune cells in various contexts, including but not limited to cancer immunotherapy. Following isolation of T cells from fresh human blood samples, it is possible to culture, expand, and manipulate these cells, which allows extensive investigation for research purposes. Techniques for isolation and handling of T cells are well-established but parts of the protocols can highly vary across different labs. These differences in the protocols are there due to historical reasons and are often only supported by anecdotal evidence. We systematically modified basic components of the T cell culturing protocols and collected data on how they altered the final yield. Here, based on these data, we provide practical hints and tips on basic cellular and molecular techniques for handling primary human T cells. We hope that this guide will serve as a reference point to allow evaluate, discuss, and improve current practices in T cell culturing and manipulation.
Bimanual Interaction on the Microsoft Office Keyboard. (2003)

seeks to enhance efficiency through unique application of bimanual interaction principles. The left hand performs navigation tasks (including view scrolling, application switching, and internet forward &amp;amp; back) as well as editing commands (Cut, Copy, and Paste) that are typically part of a compound mouse-keyboard action. The Office Keyboard’s Cut, Copy, Paste, and Application toggle dedicated left-side keys are evaluated. Results in three different experimental task contexts show that the Office Keyboard is significantly faster than, or statistically equivalent to, the mouse or keyboard shortcuts (Ctrl-X, Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V and Alt+Tab) for all outcome measures that we collected. Most participants preferred the dedicated left-side keys to the other methods tested.
Clinical evaluation of recombinant human factor VIII (BAY w 6240) in the treatment of hemophilia A. (1991)

A pilot clinical trial was conducted in five patients with severe hemophilia A to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recombinant human factor VIII preparation, BAY w 6240 (rFVIII). In a comparative pharmacokinetic study of rFVIII and a plasma-derived factor VIII preparation (pdFVIII), the mean t1/2 values for rFVIII at week 1 and week 13 were 16.8 and 14.4 h, while this value for pdFVIII at week -2 was 16.9 h. There were no statistical differences between these values. The mean in vivo recovery rates of rFVIII were comparable to those of pdFVIII. When rFVIII was administered prophylactically three times a week for 4 weeks, no bleeding episodes were observed. Seventy-four bleeding episodes were assessed during the 6-month treatment period. The efficacy rate of the hemostatic effect was confirmed to be 95.9%. No adverse reactions attributable to rFVIII were observed in a total of 178 infusions. Neither FVIII-inhibitors nor antibodies to foreign proteins were detected. Vital signs and laboratory findings showed no significant changes attributable to rFVIII. These results suggest that rFVIII is safe and efficacious as replacement therapy for hemophilia A.
Symplectic Structure of Information Geometry: Fisher Metric and Euler-Poincaré Equation of Souriau Lie Group Thermodynamics (2015)

We introduce the Symplectic Structure of Information Geometry based on Souriau’s Lie Group Thermodynamics model, with a covariant definition of Gibbs equilibrium via invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its momentum space, defining physical observables like energy, heat, and momentum as pure geometrical objects. Using Geometric (Planck) Temperature of Souriau model and Symplectic cocycle notion, the Fisher metric is identified as a Souriau Geometric Heat Capacity. In the framework of Lie Group Thermodynamics, an Euler-Poincare equation is elaborated with respect to thermodynamic variables, and a new variational principal for thermodynamics is built through an invariant Poincare-Cartan-Souriau integral. Finally, we conclude on Balian Gauge theory of Thermodynamics compatible with Souriau’s Model.
Maintaining Mutual Consistency for Cached Web Objects TITLE2 (2000)

Existing web proxy caches employ cache consistency mechanisms to ensure that locally cached data is consistent with that at the server. In this paper, we argue that techniques for maintaining consistency of individual objects are not sufficient---a proxy should employ additional mechanisms to ensure that related web objects are mutually consistent with one another. We formally define the notion of mutual consistency and the semantics provided by a mutual consistency mechanism to end-users. We then present techniques for maintaining mutual consistency in the temporal and value domains. Our techniques provide several tunable parameters that allow a tradeoff between network overhead and the fidelity of consistency guarantees. A novel aspect of our techniques is that they can adapt to the variations in the rate of change of the source data, resulting in judicious use of proxy and network resources. We evaluate our approaches using real-world web traces and show that (i) careful tuning can result in substantial savings in the number of polls incurred without any substantial loss in fidelity of the consistency guarantees, and (ii) the incremental cost of providing mutual consistency guarantees over mechanisms to provide individual consistency guarantees is small.
Influence of Formulation Vehicle on Metronomic Taxane Chemotherapy: Albumin-Bound versus Cremophor EL–Based Paclitaxel (2006)

Our results underscore the influence of formulation vehicles on the selection of cytotoxic drugs for metronomic chemotherapy.
Mapping Mouse Gamete Interaction Forces Reveal Several Oocyte Membrane Regions with Different Mechanical and Adhesive Properties (2007)

This study focuses on the interaction involved in the adhesion of mouse gametes and on the mechanical properties of the oocyte membrane. The oocyte has an asymmetrical shape, and its membrane is composed of two distinct areas. One is rich in microvilli, and the other is smoother and without microvilli. With a biomembrane force probe (BFP) adapted to cell-cell measurements, we have quantified the separation forces between a spermatozoon and an oocyte. Microvillar and amicrovillar areas of the oocyte surface have been systematically probed and compared. In addition to a substantial difference in the elastic stiffness of these two regions, the experiments have revealed the presence of two types of membrane domains with different mechanical and adhesive properties, both distributed over the entire oocyte surface (i.e., in both microvillar and amicrovillar regions). If gamete contact occurs in the first type of domain, then the oocyte membrane deforms only elastically under traction. The pull-off forces in these domains are higher in the amicrovillar region. For a spermatozoon contact with the other type of domain, there can be a transition from the elastic to viscoelastic regime, and then tethers are extruded from the oocyte membrane.
Antibody-Based Strategies to Prevent and Treat Influenza (2015)

Passive immunization using antibodies is a promising alternative to other antiviral treatment options. The potential for seasonal protection arising from a single injection of antibodies is appealing and has been pursued for a number of infectious agents. However, until recently, antibody-based strategies to combat infectious agents have been hampered due to the fact that most antibodies have been found to be strain specific, with the virus evolving resistance in many cases. The discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in influenza, dengue virus, and HIV, which bind to multiple, structurally diverse strains, has provided renewed interest in this area. This review will focus on new technologies that enable the discovery of bNAbs, the challenges and opportunities of immunotherapies as an important addition to existing antiviral therapy, and the role of antibody discovery in informing rational vaccine discovery - with agents targeting influenza specifically addressed. Multiple candidates have entered the clinic and raise the possibility that a single antibody or small combination of antibodies can effectively neutralize a wide variety of strains. However, challenges remain - including combating escape variants, pharmacodynamics of antibody distribution, and development of efficacy biomarkers beyond virologic endpoints.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Chameleons: Hydrogen Bonding with Imides and Lactams in Chloroform. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on Influencing Factors of Driver Steering Torque Feedback (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Steering torque feedback, or steering feel, is widely regarded as an important aspect of driver interface to road feel. To generate a steering feel with the appropriate level of fidelity required by a driver-vehicle system or a driving simulator, it is essential to gain a good understanding of various important influencing factors of steering torque feedback. This paper presents a comprehensive study and analysis of internal and external factors that strongly affect steering torque feedback. A steering torque feedback model with sufficient fidelity is established and verified as the base for this study. The individual- and collective-level influences of these factors on steering torque feedback are analyzed in both time domain and frequency domain, with guidelines provided on how to properly use these influencing factors to control their negative effects in modeling steering torque feedback. Extensive simulation and comparison with in-vehicle experimental data point to the soundness of the proposed models and methods for driver steering torque feedback. The analysis results in this paper give insights on how to design and model the steering torque feedback as it affects the steering feel when considering different driver-vehicle systems such as steer-by-wire vehicles or for high fidelity driver-in-the-loop simulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cascaded Thermoelectric Converters for Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems (2004)

Three Cascaded Thermoelectric Converters (CTCs) are optimized for potential use in Multi‐Mission Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems (MM‐ARPS) for electrical powers up to 1 kWe, or even higher, in support of 7–10 year missions. The peak efficiencies of these CTCs of 9.43% to 14.32% are 40% to 110% higher than that of SiGe in State‐of‐the‐Art (SOA) Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). Such high efficiencies would significantly reduce the amount of 238PuO2 fuel and the total system mass for a lower mission cost. Each CTC is comprised of a SiGe top unicouple that is thermally, but not electrically, coupled to a bottom unicouple with one of the following three choices of thermoelectric materials: (a) p‐leg of TAGS‐85 and n‐leg of 2N‐PbTe; (b) p‐leg of CeFe3.5Co0.5Sb12 and n‐leg of CoSb3; and (c) segmented p‐leg of CeFe3.5Co0.5Sb12 and Zn4Sb3 and n‐leg of CoSb3. The length of the top and bottom unicouples is 10 mm, but the cross‐sectional areas of the n‐ and p‐legs of the unicouples are optimized for maximum efficiency operation. They vary with the thermal power inputs of 1, 2, and 3 Wth per SiGe unicouple, and the heat rejection temperature of 375 K, 475 K, and 575 K, from the bottom unicouple. Such geometrical optimization is at nominal hot shoe temperature of 1273 K for the SiGe unicouple and cold shoe temperature of either 780 K or 980 K, depending on the materials of the bottom unicouples. The hot shoe temperature of the bottom unicouples is 20 K lower than the cold shoe of the top SiGe unicouple, but the rate of heat input is the same as the rate of heat rejection from the top unicouple. The present results are conservative as they assume a contact resistance of 150 μΩ‐cm2 per leg for the top and the bottom unicouples in the CTCs; however, decreasing this resistance to 50 μΩ‐cm2 per leg could increase the current efficiency estimates by an additional 1 – 2 percentage points.
ShatterProof: operational detection and quantification of chromothripsis (2014)

ShatterProof is computationally efficient, having low memory requirements and near linear computation time. This allows it to become a standard component of sequencing analysis pipelines, enabling researchers to routinely and accurately assess samples for chromothripsis. Source code and documentation can be found at http://search.cpan.org/~sgovind/Shatterproof.
Corpus Conversion Service: A machine learning platform to ingest documents at scale [Poster abstract] (2018)

Over the past few decades, the amount of scientific articles and technical literature has increased exponentially in size. Consequently, there is a great need for systems that can ingest these documents at scale and make their content discoverable. Unfortunately, both the format of these documents (e.g. the PDF format or bitmap images) as well as the presentation of the data (e.g. complex tables) make the extraction of qualitative and quantitive data extremely challenging. We present a platform to ingest documents at scale which is powered by Machine Learning techniques and allows the user to train custom models on document collections. We show precision/recall results greater than 97% with regard to conversion to structured formats, as well as scaling evidence for each of the microservices constituting the platform.
Ultrafast inter-subband hole relaxation in an InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser-diodeantum-well (MQW) laser diode (2003)

The femtosecond carrier dynamics in InGaN MQW laser diodes were investigated using a time-resolved bias-lead monitoring technique. Ultrafast inter-subband hole relaxation processes were found to dominated the observed carrier dynamics.
Surgical Arthrodesis of the Neuropathic Foot (1993)

Reconstructive foot and ankle surgery is a salvage procedure in the deformed neuropathic foot, despite condemnation by some authors. Clinical union and stability was achieved in 91% of the patients, and soft-tissue coverage without skin breakdown was achieved in 100% of the cases. Although one patient had moderate to severe pain in her ankle after operation and was able to do only bed-to-wheelchair transfers, she had good clinical stability, no skin ulceration, and was satisfied overall with the procedure. In addition, a significant component of her pain was believed to be from diabetic neuropathy and not pain that was directly attributable to her reconstructive surgery. All other patients were able to ambulate to some degree. More than half had unlimited use of the affected lower extremity. More than half of the patients had mild or no pain, and all patients had a functional limb. Surgical arthrodesis of the deformed neuropathic foot as a salvage procedure can preserve the limb as a stable functional unit, and create an acceptable alignment of the ankle-foot complex that will promote viability of the overlying soft-tissue structures.
[Experiences with a combined sciatic and femoral block in surgery of injuries of the lower leg]. (1989)

Besides various methods of general anaesthesia, regional anaesthetic procedures are well suited for the surgical care of traumatological patients. For operations on patients with lesions of the lower leg, we have been using for 3 years a combination of dorsolateral blockade of the sciatic nerve according to Winnie with a "3 in 1-block". Our experiences with 80 patients show that a complete anaesthesia of the operation field holds for about 100 minutes with a blockade using 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline. Main indications of this method are operations on lesions of the fibular ligament, leg fractures, ankle joint fractures, removal of osteosynthesis metal and other operations on the leg or foot. Partial or complete failures were registered in 12% of the cases. Severe complications did not occur.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of 3-Fluoromethyl-, 3-Hydroxymethyl-, and 3-Chloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as Selective Inhibitors of PhenylethanolamineN-Methyltransferase versus the α2-Adrenoceptor (1999)

An enantiospecific method was developed for the synthesis of 3-fluoromethyl-, 3-hydroxymethyl-, and 3-chloromethyl-7-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) from phenylalanine. Biochemical evaluation of the enantiomers of these compounds at both PNMT and the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor indicates that both sites display similar stereoselectivity. Overall the R-enantiomer was usually the more potent enantiomer at both PNMT and the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor for these 3-fluoromethyl-, 3-hydroxymethyl-, and 3-chloromethyl-THIQs. The one exception is 3-hydroxymethyl-7-nitro-THIQ (9), which was found to display the opposite stereoselectivity at the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. A comparison of the PNMT inhibitory potency of the enantiomers of these 3-fluoromethyl-, 3-hydroxymethyl-, and 3-chloromethyl-THIQs indicates that all of the 3-substituted-THIQs displayed similar inhibitory potency for PNMT. However, the nature of the 3-substituent was found to have a major effect on the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor affinity of these compounds with the 3-hydroxymethyl- and 3-fluoromethyl-THIQs having the highest affinity and THIQs containing the 3-chloromethyl moiety the least. Compounds R-3-fluoromethyl-7-cyano-THIQ (R-12) and R-3-fluoromethyl-7-N-(4-chlorophenyl)aminosulfonyl-THIQ (R-13) and both enantiomers of 3-chloromethyl-7-nitro-THIQ (R- and S-30) are the most selective inhibitors in this study and display selectivities (alpha(2)-adrenoceptor K(i)/PNMT K(i)) greater than 200. These compounds give important insight into the steric and stereochemical preferences of both PNMT and the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor, which should assist in the development of new PNMT inhibitors.
Distributed Scheduling of Workflow Computations (1996)

Work ows are composite activities that achieve interoperation of a variety of system and human tasks.Work ows must satisfy subtle domain-speci c semantic and organizational requirements.Consequently, exibility in execution is crucial.We address the problem of scheduling work ows from declarative speci cations in terms of intertask dependencies and event attributes.Our approach goes beyond previous approaches in being generic and distributed, and having a rigorous formal semantics.It involves distributed events, which are automatically set up to exchange the necessary messages.Our approach uses symbolic reasoning to (a) determine the initial constraints on events or guards, (b) preprocess the guards, and (c) execute the events.This approach has been implemented in an actor language.
Circuit Optimization Using Scale Based Sensitivities (2006)

Most robust circuit sizing and optimization algorithms require detailed information about the sensitivity of circuit performance to device behavior. Additionally, rapid technology scaling and the introduction of novel device structures to extend CMOS scaling is resulting in the rapid introduction of new models into our simulation infrastructure. In this paper we present a novel technique for the efficient computation of circuit performance sensitivity in a model independent manner. The advantage of our method is that it allows rapid deployment of accurate optimization methods even for new or exploratory models. We demontrate the use of these gradients in circuit optimization to generate an area vs. timing variability trade-off curve for an SRAM cell design in the presence of N and P device threshold voltage variations.
Particle Manipulation and Separation Using Macro-Scale Bulk Angled Standing Waves (2018)

A novel method of separating, sorting and differentiating various particles using macroscale bulk ultrasonic standing waves oriented at an angle relative to the fluid velocity is presented. This technique offers a sensitive separation capability with respect to size and acoustic contrast of particles. An analytical model for particle deflection is presented and universal curves are developed for all possible wave angles as a function of a non-dimensional parameter, M, defined by the ratio of acoustic radiation force to viscous drag force. Using this parameter, deflection angle can be accurately predicted for any particle of known properties. Experimental results verify the analytical model and the universal curve for different M parameters. The angled wave system shows 90+% efficiency in separating Jurkat T-cells and calibrated beads.
Add-drop filters based on mode-conversion cavities (2007)

A new type of a resonator defined by two or more mode-converting gratings in a waveguide is proposed and analyzed. It is shown that the proposed structure can exhibit narrow resonances similar to Fabry-Perot cavities but has an advantage of being a four-port device and thus is capable of serving as an add-drop filter.