gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colour-Doppler echocardiography flow field velocity reconstruction using a streamfunction–vorticity formulation (2020)

We introduce a new method (<i>Do</i>ppler <i>Ve</i>locity <i>R</i>econstruction or DoVeR), for reconstructing two-component velocity fields from colour Doppler scans. DoVeR employs the streamfunction-vorticity equation, which satisfies mass conservation while accurately approximating the flow rate of rotation. We validated DoVeR using artificial colour Doppler images generated from computational fluid dynamics models of left ventricle (LV) flow. We compare DoVeR against the conventional intraventricular vector flow mapping (iVFM<sub>1D</sub>) and reformulated iVFM (iVFM<sub>2D</sub>). LV model error analysis showed that DoVeR is more robust to noise and probe placement, with noise RMS errors (<i>nRMSE</i>) between 3.81% and 6.67%, while the iVFM methods delivered 4.16-24.17% for iVFM<sub>1D</sub> and 4.06-400.21% for iVFM<sub>2D</sub>. We test the DoVeR and iVFM methods using <i>in vivo</i> mouse LV ultrasound scans. DoVeR yielded more haemodynamically accurate reconstructions, suggesting that it can provide a more reliable approach for robust quantification of cardiac flow.
Abstract LB-062: Targeting of p32 in peritoneal carcinomatosis with intraperitoneal linTT1 peptide-guided pro-apoptotic nanoparticles (2017)

Abstract Gastrointestinal and gynecological malignancies disseminate loco-regionally in the peritoneal cavity - a condition known as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Intraperitoneal (IP) administration can be used to improve therapeutic index of anticancer drugs used for PC treatment. Activity of IP anticancer drugs can be further potentiated by encapsulation in nanocarriers and/or affinity targeting with tumor-specific affinity ligands, such as tumor homing peptides. Here we evaluated a novel tumor penetrating peptide, linTT1 (AKRGARSTA), as a PC targeting ligand for nanoparticles. We first demonstrated that the primary homing receptor for linTT1, p32 (or gC1qR), is expressed on the cell surface of peritoneal carcinoma cell lines of gastric (MKN-45P), ovarian (SKOV-3), and colon (CT-26) origin, and that peritoneal tumors in mice and clinical peritoneal carcinoma explants express p32 protein accessible from the IP space. Iron oxide nanoworms (NWs) functionalized with the linTT1 peptide were taken up and routed to mitochondria in cultured PC cells. NWs functionalized with linTT1 peptide in tandem with a pro-apoptotic [D(KLAKLAK)2] peptide showed p32-dependent cytotoxicity in MKN-45P, SKOV-3, and CT-26 cells. Upon IP administration in mice bearing MKN-45P, SKOV-3, and CT-26 tumors, linTT1-functionalized NWs showed robust homing and penetration into malignant lesions, whereas only a background accumulation was seen in control tissues. In tumors, the linTT1-NW accumulation was seen predominantly in CD31-positive blood vessels, in LYVE-1-positive lymphatic structures, and in CD11b-positive tumor macrophages. Experimental therapy of mice bearing peritoneal MKN-45P xenografts and CT-26 syngeneic tumors with IP linTT1- D(KLAKLAK)2-NWs resulted in significant reduction of weight of peritoneal tumors and significant decrease in the number of metastatic tumor nodules, whereas treatment with untargeted D(KLAKLAK)2-NWs had no effect. Our data show that targeting of p32 with linTT1 tumor-penetrating peptide improves tumor selectivity and antitumor efficacy of IP pro-apoptotic NWs. P32-directed intraperitoneal targeting of other anticancer agents and nanoparticles using peptides and other affinity ligands may represent a general strategy to increase their therapeutic index. Citation Format: Tambet Teesalu, Hunt Hedi, Lorena Simón-Gracia, Allan Tobi, Kazuki N. Sugahara, Shweta Sharma, Erkki Ruoslahti. Targeting of p32 in peritoneal carcinomatosis with intraperitoneal linTT1 peptide-guided pro-apoptotic nanoparticles [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-062. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-062
Swelling and Shrinking Kinetics of Totally Synthetic, Glucose-Responsive Polymer Gel Bearing Phenylborate Derivative as a Glucose-Sensing Moiety (2004)

A glucose-responsive polymer gel bead with a diameter in the range of several hundred micrometers, bearing a phenylborate derivative (3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) as a glucose-sensing moiety, was successfully prepared by inverse phase suspension polymerization. The kinetics of the glucose responsive swelling and shrinking process of the gel bead was studied by monitoring changes in the size and shape of the gel under a microscope. The equilibrium swelling volumes of the gel determined under various temperatures and glucose concentrations revealed the presence of critical temperatures and glucose concentrations to induce discontinuous volume phase transitions of the gel. The glucose-induced swelling process was accompanied by the appearance of a marked swelling boundary (swelling front) intervening between the core collapsed phase and the outer swollen layer of the gel, and the swelling curve as a function of the square root of the time exhibited a sigmoidal (nonlinear) feature, both indicating that the process is essentially rate determined by the relaxation process of the polymer chains due to the hydration. The swelling rate was significantly affected by the bead size and the terminal glucose concentration. An accelerated disappearance of the swelling front was observed immediately before the gel reaches the equilibrium swelling, which was highlighted by an increased bead size, implying that increasing elastic and osmotic pressures generating from the swollen layer affect the swelling kinetics. The glucose-induced shrinking process involved the formation of a skin layer on the gel surface followed by a radical structural change. The observed, appreciably long-termed preservation of a quasi-swollen state on a sub-millimeter scale gel bead with a distinctive skin layer may propose the potential applicability of the gel to chemical valve systems discretely switching for solute release.
Longitudinal SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in Portugal and antibody maintenance 12 months after infection (2021)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Portugal has experienced three distinct SARS-CoV-2 infection waves. We previously documented the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, measured by specific antibodies, in September 2020, 6 months after the initial moderate wave. Here, we show the seroprevalence changes 6 months later, up to the second week of March 2021, shortly following the third wave, which was one of the most severe in the world, and 2 months following the start of the vaccination campaign. A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted, with a stratified quota sample of the Portuguese population. Serological testing was performed, including ELISA determination of antibody class and titers. The proportion of seropositives, which was 2.2% in September 2020, rose sharply to 17.3% (95% CI: 15.8-18.8%) in March 2021. Importantly, circulating IgG and IgA antibody levels were very stable 6 months after the initial determination and up to a year after initial infection, indicating long-lasting infection immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, vaccinated people had higher IgG levels from 3 weeks post-vaccination when compared with previously infected people at the same time post-infection.
Differential effects of the various isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor on chemotaxis of fibroblasts, monocytes, and granulocytes. (1990)

The chemotactic activities of three different isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on fibroblasts, monocytes, and granulocytes of human origin were investigated. PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB induced strong, dose-dependent responses in both fibroblasts and monocytes, whereas PDGF-AA did not stimulate chemotaxis of these cell types. Instead, PDGF-AA inhibited the chemotactic activity of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB on fibroblasts and monocytes. However, PDGF-AA was not able to block monocyte chemotaxis induced by FMLP. In contrast, in granulocytes, dose-dependent chemotactic responses were obtained with all three isoforms of PDGF. All isoforms gave maximal responses at concentrations between 5 and 20 ng/ml. At higher concentrations the migration was reduced. Reduction and alkylation of the PDGF molecule, which leads to loss of the mitogenic activity, also caused a loss of the chemotactic activities for all three cell types. The data suggest that the various isoforms of PDGF stimulate and inhibit chemotaxis in an isoform- and cell type-specific manner.
Hydrogen in subsurface sites of Pd(111): Self-consistent electronic structure (1984)

The electronic structures of monolayer atomic hydrogen in subsurface sites of the Pd(111) surface are studied with self-consistent pseudopotential calculations. Results of the present calculations include the density of states, electronic character of the Pd-H bond, and analyses of surface states and surface density of states. It is shown that H in subsurface tetrahedral sites have electronic properties very similar to those of H in the surface threefold sites. On the other hand, near the zone center, the electronic properties for H in subsurface octahedral sites are similar to the clean surface. This is a consequence of the symmetry of the (111) surface. The H-induced features for this geometry would then be difficult to detect by normal-emission spectroscopy, which samples states near the zone center, but should be observable at the zone boundaries by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The subsurface chemisorption model for the high-temperature phase of H/Pd(111) is discussed in light of the present calculation.
Optimal resources allocation method for network performance optimization (2012)

The core of the problem of the network performance optimization is how to optimally allocate the resources of the network system and make full use of the limited resources to guarantee the QoS of the system.An optimal resources allocation method was proposed based on PEPA nets.According to general schemes for resources allocation,the PEPA nets models were established for the two schemes of fully-shared and partially-shared resources allocation.A labelled transition system(LTS) with time delay could be generated according to operational semantic information for PEPA nets.CTMC corresponding to LTC was used to solve for the model′s steady state probability distribution,acquire the performance index of the system and therefore choose the optimal resources allocation scheme.Finally,the results of experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
Constitutive Chemokine Production Results in Activation of Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 on Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells (1998)

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is characterized by massive infiltration of circulating ATL cells into a variety of tissues, a finding often associated with poor prognosis. Leukocyte migration from circulation into tissue depends on integrin-mediated adhesion to endothelium, and integrins are tightly regulated by several stimuli, such as inflammatory chemokines. However, the exact mechanisms that enhance adherence of leukemic cells to the endothelium and infiltration into tissues remain to be fully understood. We investigated the mechanisms of extravasation of leukemic cells using ATL cells and report the following novel features of endogenous chemokine-induced adhesion of ATL cells to the endothelium. ATL cells spontaneously adhered to endothelial cells without exogenous stimulation. Integrin leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on ATL cells was spontaneously activated. ATL cells produced high amounts of chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β. Adhesion of ATL cells to endothelial cells and the expression of activated form of LFA-1 were reduced by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, wortmannin, or anti–MIP-1α and MIP-1β antibodies or transfection with antisense of MIP-1α or MIP-1β. Spontaneous polymerization of cytoskeletal F-actin was observed in ATL cells, which was also inhibited by pertussis toxin and wortmannin. We propose that ATL cells adhere to endothelial cells through an adhesion cascade similar to normal leukocytes and that the chemokines produced by ATL cells are involved in triggering integrin LFA-1 through cytoskeletal rearrangement induced by G-protein–dependent activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases in an autocrine manner. These events result in a strong adhesion of ATL cells to the endothelium and spontaneous transendothelial migration.
Development of HDD with Integration of Active Flying-height Control Slider using Micro Thermal Actuator (2006)

In order to realize ultra-low flying height, magnetic spacing variations due to manufacturing tolerances, environmental variations, and write-induced thermal protrusion need to be reduced. To decrease the flying height, we have developed a thermal flying-height control (TFC) slider that carries a micro-thermal actuator. Using the device, the magnetic spacing of these sliders can be controlled in-situ during operation of the drive. First prototype had shown insufficient characteristics when evaluated at a component-level prototype. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an improved TFC slider and verify its drive-level feasibility. After analytical design by simulation of heat transfer and thermal deformation, prototype of TFC device was fabricated. Spin stand evaluation showed sufficient actuator characteristics that met the requirements leading to the development of drives with controllable flying-height sliders. Evaluation of HDD with TFC slider showed a remarkable effectiveness of TFC slider in reducing the magnetic spacing.
Minimum Effective Plasma Concentration (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Cu carbonyls enhance the performance of Ru-based SILP water–gas shift catalysts: a combinedin situDRIFTS and DFT study (2019)

<italic>In situ</italic>DRIFT spectroscopy and DFT identify Cu carbonyl shuttles that enhance the performance of Ru-based SILP water–gas shift catalysts.
Measurements of the S-wave fraction in B 0 → K + π − μ + μ − decays and the B 0 → K ∗(892)0 μ + μ − differential branching fraction (2016)

A measurement of the differential branching fraction of the decay B 0 K * (892) 0 + -is presented together with a determination of the S-wave fraction of the K + -system in the decay B 0 K + - + -. The analysis is based on ppcollision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb -1 collected with the LHCb experiment. The measurements are made in bins of the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system, q 2 . Precise theoretical predictions for the differential branching fraction of B 0 K * (892) 0 + -decays are available for the q 2 region 1.1 < q 2 < 6.0 GeV 2 /c 4 . In this q 2 region, for the K + -invariant mass range 796 < m K < 996 MeV/c 2 , the S-wave fraction of the K + -system in B 0 K + - + -decays is found to be F S = 0.101 0.017(stat) 0.009(syst), and the differential branching fraction of B 0 K * (892) 0 + -decays is determined to be dB/dq 2 = (0.392 +0.020 -0.019 (stat) 0.010(syst) 0.027(norm)) 10 -7 c 4 /GeV 2 .
Characterization and applications of a bright, tunable, MeV class Compton scattering γ-ray source (2009)

We report detailed spectral and spatial characterization of a 0.1-MeV-0.8 MeV tunable ultra-bright laser-based Compton scattering source. Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence experiments with the source are also presented.
Fairness-Aware Ranking in Search & Recommendation Systems with Application to LinkedIn Talent Search (2019)

We present a framework for quantifying and mitigating algorithmic bias in mechanisms designed for ranking individuals, typically used as part of web-scale search and recommendation systems. We first propose complementary measures to quantify bias with respect to protected attributes such as gender and age. We then present algorithms for computing fairness-aware re-ranking of results. For a given search or recommendation task, our algorithms seek to achieve a desired distribution of top ranked results with respect to one or more protected attributes. We show that such a framework can be tailored to achieve fairness criteria such as equality of opportunity and demographic parity depending on the choice of the desired distribution. We evaluate the proposed algorithms via extensive simulations over different parameter choices, and study the effect of fairness-aware ranking on both bias and utility measures. We finally present the online A/B testing results from applying our framework towards representative ranking in LinkedIn Talent Search, and discuss the lessons learned in practice. Our approach resulted in tremendous improvement in the fairness metrics (nearly three fold increase in the number of search queries with representative results) without affecting the business metrics, which paved the way for deployment to 100% of LinkedIn Recruiter users worldwide. Ours is the first large-scale deployed framework for ensuring fairness in the hiring domain, with the potential positive impact for more than 630M LinkedIn members.
Steer‐PROP: a GRASE‐PROPELLER sequence with interecho steering gradient pulses (2017)

The proposed Steer-PROP sequence can substantially reduce the scan times compared with FSE-based PROPELLER while achieving adequate image quality. The novel k-space sampling strategy in Steer-PROP not only enables an integrated phase correction method that addresses various sources of phase errors, but also minimizes the echo spacing compared with alternative sampling strategies. Steer-PROP can also be a viable alternative to SS-EPI to decrease image distortion in all imaging planes. Magn Reson Med 79:2533-2541, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Analysis of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra with relayed proton-proton-carbon magnetization transfer: a step toward automated structure elucidation (1989)

Procedures are described for automated anal. of two-dimensional NMR spectra correlating the chem. shifts of carbon-13 with the shifts of neighbor protons that are directly attached to the carbon-13 nuclei and with remote protons that have scalar couplings to the neighbor protons. The anal. yields connectivity matrixes with quality factors that provide a measure for the reliability of the evidence. The connectivity matrixes can be represented graphically either by drawing the paths of magnetization transfer onto the mol. formula or by indicating the connectivities in conventional shift correlation spectra. Applications are shown to 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, to 1-hexanol, to 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanol, and to (1RS,2SR,4SR,5RS,6RS)-6-exo-(2-nitrophenylthio)spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,2'-oxirane]-5-endo-yl chloride. [on SciFinder (R)]
D2-Net: A Trainable CNN for Joint Detection and Description of Local Features (2019)

In this work we address the problem of finding reliable pixel-level correspondences under difficult imaging conditions. We propose an approach where a single convolutional neural network plays a dual role: It is simultaneously a dense feature descriptor and a feature detector. By postponing the detection to a later stage, the obtained keypoints are more stable than their traditional counterparts based on early detection of low-level structures. We show that this model can be trained using pixel correspondences extracted from readily available large-scale SfM reconstructions, without any further annotations. The proposed method obtains state-of-the-art performance on both the difficult Aachen Day-Night localization dataset and the InLoc indoor localization benchmark, as well as competitive performance on other benchmarks for image matching and 3D reconstruction.
Low warpage coreless substrate for large-size LSI packages (2012)

Due to inadequate rigidity, warpage of coreless substrates is generally large compared to other types of LSI package substrates. Therefore, the most important problem in the application of coreless substrates is warpage reduction during the reflow process. So far, there have been only a limited number of reports on coreless substrates for large-size LSI packages. Moreover, there have been very few examples that discussed substrate layer structure designs for warpage reduction and reliability improvement in the LSI assembly process. In the present study, we focus on developing coreless packages for large-size LSIs. To achieve our goal, we adopted the following development processes. First, we designed analytical models with different layer structures comprising two kinds of materials, and investigated the effect of layer structure on warpage reduction using warpage simulations. Next, we made four kinds of real coreless substrates with layer structures identical to the simulation models, and verified the actual thermal warpage behavior. Finally, we investigated the thermal stress reliabilities of these substrates after LSI mounting. From the results, we found that warpage reduction and reliability enhancement of coreless substrates were realized by arranging the high rigidity materials on the external layers of the substrates.
Eine Radioligandentherapie mit Lu-177-PSMA I&T ist nicht mit einer schwerwiegenden Hämato- oder Nephrotoxizität assoziiert (2022)

Ziel/Aim Die Radioligandentherapie (RLT) mit prostata-spezifischen Membranantigen (PSMA)-gerichteten Liganden hat bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Prostatakarzinom bemerkenswerte Ergebnisse gezeigt. Unser Ziel war es, Daten zum Nebenwirkungsprofil des PSMA-Liganden Lu-177-PSMA I&T zur Verfügung zu stellen.