gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Enhancement of Low-k Organosilicates by Laser Spike Annealing (2008)

Low- organosilicate films are considered essential for meeting the material needs of interconnect dielectric layers in present and future semiconductor devices. These materials, whether deposited by chemical vapor deposition or spin-on processes, are mechanically inferior as compared to undoped silicate glass or fluorine doped silicate glass. The introduction of porosity to further lower the dielectric constant diminishes the mechanical properties even more. For this reason, post-porosity treatments such as E-beam and UV curing have been explored. In this paper, we describe the use of laser spike annealing (LSA) to achieve similar results. Infrared analysis coupled with Rutherford backscattering, forward recoil, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the effect of varying laser power and dwell time on the structural changes of both a dense and porous organosilicate, indicating removal of hydrogen and some carbon from the samples. These changes were interpreted in terms of oxidative and bond redistribution transformations. As a result of the structural changes, significant increases in Young's modulus were achieved. Properties such as , refractive index, film shrinkage, and water contact angle were also correlated with laser power and dwell time. LSA compares favorably with both E-beam and UV curing and three times improvements in modulus without significantly affecting were observed.
Selective Hydraulic Fracturing of Multiple Perforated Intervals with a Coiled Tubing Conduit: A Case History of the Unique Process, Economic Impact and Related Production Improvements (1999)

Abstract This paper is a followup to SPE 46031, and will expand on economical shallow gas fracturing techniques utilizing a coiled tubing conduit. Hereinafter in this paper, the name CoilFRAC™ will used in place of the phrase ‘Coiled Tubing Conveyed. The wells in the area of study are located in southeastern Alberta. The reservoir pay intervals in these shallow gas wells consist of high clay content, low permeability sandstones with interbedded shales. The wells in the study have multiple zones of interest and further discussions will be based on these multiple zones. Due to the economics involved using conventional fracturing methods, the wells in this study have been treated with a unique multiple fracture program which allows access to typically bypassed pay. Treating multiple zones in a given well within one day has given the producer a new realized ROI by reducing well production downtime and economically increasing production. This technique has been continually improved and modified through unconventional designs since 1996 to what is today a very effective routine method of stimulating and increasing production today. The case study will define and present production and production logging data, relative to the associated costs, to demonstrate the impact this service has had on the operators' selection of workover candidates and new well optimization. Coiled Tubing technology has provided an efficient and economic alternative to bridge plug and service rig type of zonal isolation techniques when stimulating more than one zone of interest.
Perioperative Antibiotic Use and Associated Infectious Outcomes at the Time of Myomectomy (2019)

A high frequency of antibiotic use was noted at time of myomectomy, despite lack of clear evidence supporting the practice. Patients who received perioperative antibiotics had fewer postoperative infectious outcomes and, in particular, experienced a lower incidence of surgical site infection.
NarE: a novel ADP‐ribosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis (2003)

Mono ADP-ribosyltransferases (ADPRTs) are a class of functionally conserved enzymes present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In bacteria, these enzymes often act as potent toxins and play an important role in pathogenesis. Here we report a profile-based computational approach that, assisted by secondary structure predictions, has allowed the identification of a previously undiscovered ADP-ribosyltransferase in Neisseria meningitidis (NarE). NarE shows structural homologies with E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) and possesses ADP-ribosylating and NAD-glycohydrolase activities. As in the case of LT and CT, NarE catalyses the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety to arginine residues. Despite the absence of a signal peptide, the protein is efficiently exported into the periplasm of Neisseria. The narE gene is present in 25 out of 43 strains analysed, is always present in ET-5 and Lineage 3 but absent in ET-37 and Cluster A4 hypervirulent lineages. When present, the gene is 100% conserved in sequence and is inserted upstream of and co-transcribed with the lipoamide dehydrogenase E3 gene. Possible roles in the pathogenesis of N. meningitidis are discussed.
Visualization of nucleosomes in thin sections by stereo electron microscopy. (1980)

Nucleosomes (approximately diameter) were clearly visualized in thin sections (approximately 0.1 micrometer thick) of isolated chicken erythrocytes. The cells were lysed and fixed in low ionic strength buffers that maintained the chromatin as dispersed filaments and prevented the reformation of supranucleosomal structures. Stereo electron micrographs at high magnification demonstrate the stability of nucleosome structure in the dispersed chromatin state during fixation, dehydration, and embedding.
Non-invasive delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid for reduction of Huntingtin expression in the brain is achieved using focused ultrasound to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (2013)

Huntington’s disease is caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Silencing of the Htt gene can halt or reverse the progression of the disease indicating that RNA interference is the most effective strategy for disease treatment. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA) does not cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore delivery to the brain is limited. Here, we demonstrate that focused ultrasound (FUS), combined with intravascular delivery of microbubble contrast agent, was used to locally and transiently disrupt the BBB in the right striatum of adult rats. 48 hours following treatment with siRNA, the right (treated) and left (control) striatum was dissected and analyzed for Htt mRNA levels. We demonstrate that FUS can non-invasively deliver siRNA-Htt directly to the striatum leading to a significant reduction of Htt expression in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that reduction of Htt with siRNA-Htt was greater when the extent of BBB disruption was increased. This study demonstrates that siRNA treatment for knockdown of mutant Htt is feasible without the surgical intervention previously required for direct delivery to the brain. Non-invasive delivery of siRNA through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) would be a significant advantage for translating this therapy to HD patients.
Discovery, characterization, and preclinical development of a Kir4.1 ( KCNJ10 ) inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension (2018)

Kir4.1 (encoded by KCNJ10 ) inward rectifier potassium channels are emerging as key regulators of sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron of the kidney. Kir4.1 is expressed in the basolateral membrane of the thick ascending limb of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct of nephron. Kir4.1 can form homotetrameric channels or heterotetrameric channels with Kir5.1, although the most common channel subtype in the kidney is the heteromeric Kir4.1/5.1 form. Genetic ablation of Kir4.1 in mice or humans causes severe salt and water wasting resembling clinical phenotypes associated with diuretic use. These human validation data and recent animal studies suggest that Kir4.1 might represent a novel diuretic target for the management of hypertension through inhibition of distal nephron sodium reabsorption. The aim of this study was to develop a selective small‐molecule inhibitor for evaluating the therapeutic potential of renal Kir4.1 channels. From a high‐throughput screen of 76,575 compounds from the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology library, we identified an inhibitor, termed VU992, which inhibits homotetrameric Kir4.1 with an IC 50 of ~0.9 μM and heterotetrameric Kir4.1/5.1 with an IC 50 of ~ 9 μM. Lead optimization failed to identify analogs with improved potency toward Kir4.1. The selectivity screening against other Kir channels revealed that VU992 does not block Kir1.1, Kir2.x, Kir6.1/SUR1 and Kir7.1 channels. The voltage dependent unblock suggested that VU992 probably binds in the pore of the Kir4.1 channel. Computational docking analysis using a Kir4.1 homology model revealed several possible interacting residues in the pore. Experimental binding site analysis using mutagenesis and patch clamp electrophysiology suggested that the pore lining glutamic acid residue at 158 (E158) is crucial for the binding of VU992 to the Kir4.1. Mutating E158 to corresponding asparagine residue in Kir1.1 (E158N) abolished the VU992 block completely. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that VU992 does not cross the blood brain barrier and therefore should not inhibit Kir4.1 channels expressed in the CNS. Finally, oral administration of VU992 dose‐dependently increased urine output and Na + and K + loss in volume‐loaded, freely behaving rats. This study shows proof‐of‐concept that homotetrameric Kir4.1 might represent a molecular target for a novel class of diuretic for the treatment of hypertension. Its basolateral localization might offer advantages over other diuretic targets that are located on the luminal membrane of the nephron. Support or Funding Information NIH 5R21 NS073097‐01S1 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
EFFECT OF NANOSCALE ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES ON THE GERMINATION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT (2012)

An investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of peanut in India and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of zinc on its growth, this plant was chosen as the model system. Peanut seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) and chelated bulk zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) suspensions (a common zinc supplement), respectively and the effect this treatment had on seed germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, flowering, chlorophyll content, pod yield and root growth were studied. Treatment of nanoscale ZnO (25 nm mean particle size) at 1000 ppm concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor and in turn showed early establishment in soil manifested by early flowering and higher leaf chlorophyll content. These particles proved effective in increasing stem and root growth. Pod yield per plant was 34% higher compared to chelated bulk ZnSO4. Consequently, a field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 with the foliar application of nanoscale ZnO particles at 15 times lower dose compared to the chelated ZnSO4 recommended and we recorded 29.5% and 26.3% higher pod yield, respectively, compared to chelated ZnSO4. The inhibitory effect with higher nanoparticle concentration (2000 ppm) reveals the need for judicious usage of these particles in such applications. This is the first report on the effect of nanoscale particles on peanut growth and yield.
High-Power-Factor Single-Phase Diode Rectifier Driven by Repetitively Controlled IPM Motor (2012)

This paper proposes a new power factor correction method using an inverter-driven interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor. The proposed system realizes the high power factor of a single-phase diode rectifier by using a three-phase pulsewidth modulation inverter and an IPM motor. The proposed converter consists of a single-phase diode rectifier, a small film capacitor at the dc link (14 μF and 0.33 J/kVA), a three-phase voltage-source inverter, and an IPM motor. In the proposed system, the inverter has the following two functions: 1) It regulates the velocity of the IPM motor, and 2) it controls the source-side-current waveform. In order to obtain a unity-power-factor operation at the source side, we propose and implement a new control method that regulates the inverter output power. The proposed control method is that the inverter regulates <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis current synchronous with input voltage. An inverter-output-power controller is positioned between a speed controller and a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis current controller. The inverter output power is regulated by a proportional-integral and repetitive controller. The maximum power factor obtained by the proposed method is 98.7% at the rated-load conditions. The superior performance of the proposed system is demonstrated by experimental results.
Metabolome and lipidome derangements during a severe mast cell activation event in a patient with indolent systemic mastocytosis (2021)

Rapid elimination of elevated histamine concentrations through use of recombinant human diamine oxidase, supplementation of lysophosphatidylcholine for immunomodulation, inhibition of autotaxin activity, and/or blockade of lysophosphatidic acid receptors might represent new treatment options for life-threatening mast cell activation events.
Direct Electron‐Beam Writing of Highly Conductive Wires in Functionalized Fullerene Films (2009)

This work demonstrates the patterning of thin films (approximately 25 nm) of a newly synthesized fullerene derivative by direct-write electron-beam lithography to produce highly conducting carbon microstructures. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the resulting microstructure morphology, whilst the resistivities of the structures are probed using four-point probe electrodes deposited on the microstructures by lift-off. The microstructures have a resistivity of approximately 9.5 x 10(-3) Omega cm after exposure to an electron dose of 0.1 C cm(-2). The method may have applications in the generation and electrical contacting of organic electronics, organic photovoltaics, and lab-on-a-chip devices.
Cerebral A1 adenosine receptor availability in female and male participants and its relationship to sleep (2021)

The neuromodulator adenosine and its receptors are mediators of sleep-wake regulation which is known to differ between sexes. We, therefore, investigated sex differences in A<sub>1</sub> adenosine receptor (A<sub>1</sub>AR) availability in healthy human subjects under well-rested conditions using [<sup>18</sup>F]CPFPX and positron emission tomography (PET). [<sup>18</sup>F]CPFPX PET scans were acquired in 50 healthy human participants (20 females; mean age ± SD 28.0 ± 5.3 years). Mean binding potential (BP<sub>ND</sub>; Logan's reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region) and volume of distribution (V<sub>T</sub>) values were calculated in 12 and 15 grey matter brain regions, respectively. [<sup>18</sup>F]CPFPX BP<sub>ND</sub> was higher in females compared to males in all investigated brain regions (p < 0.025). The largest differences were found in the pallidum and anterior cingulate cortex, where mean BP<sub>ND</sub> values were higher by 29% in females than in males. In females, sleep efficiency correlated positively and sleep latency negatively with BP<sub>ND</sub> in most brain regions. V<sub>T</sub> values did not differ between sexes. Sleep efficiency correlated positively with V<sub>T</sub> in most brain regions in female participants. In conclusion, our analysis gives a first indication for potential sex differences in A<sub>1</sub>AR availability even under well-rested conditions. A<sub>1</sub>AR availability as measured by [<sup>18</sup>F]CPFPX BP<sub>ND</sub> is higher in females compared to males. Considering the involvement of adenosine in sleep-wake control, this finding might partially explain the known sex differences in sleep efficiency and sleep latency.
Studies on 1,3-diaryltriazene analogues of berenil: molecules with potential GC base-pair selectivity (1991)

1,3-Bis(4-acetylphenyl)triazene (II): C16H15N3O2, Mr = 281.32, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 14.002 (5), b = 12.359 (3), c = 8.457 (3) A, beta = 96.35 (2) degrees, V = 1454.5 A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.287 Mg m-3, Cu K alpha, lambda = 1.54178 A, mu = 0.672 mm-1, F(000) = 592, T = 294 K, final R = 0.089 for 1890 unique observed reflections. 1,3-Bis(4-[2-dimethylamino)ethoxycarbonyl]phenyl)triazene monohydrate (III): C22H29N5O4.H2O, Mr = 445.52, triclinic, P1, a = 9.500 (2), b = 11.753 (3), c = 13.328 (2) A, alpha = 62.84 (1), beta = 66.60 (2), gamma = 77.58 (2) degrees, V = 1214.1 A3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.172 Mg m-3, Cu K alpha, lambda = 1.54178 A, mu = 0.640 mm-1, F(000) = 476, T = 294 K, final R = 0.063 for 1100 unique observed reflections. Both crystal structures have extended conformations for the 1,3-diaryltriazene groups, with a cisoid arrangement of phenyl rings. The terminal N--N bonds of each triazene are non-equivalent, and a hydrogen atom has been located in the N==N--NH moiety. Extensive molecular-orbital (MNDO) calculations on the model core 1,3-diphenyltriazene system have confirmed that this geometry is energetically favoured, and have revealed the shape of the energy surface for rotation about the N--NH bond in the triazene linkage.
ARGINASE INHIBITION SUPPRESSES BLADDER OVERACTIVITY IN RATS WITH CHRONIC SPINAL CORD INJURY BY ENHANCING NO PRODUCTION (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008ARGINASE INHIBITION SUPPRESSES BLADDER OVERACTIVITY IN RATS WITH CHRONIC SPINAL CORD INJURY BY ENHANCING NO PRODUCTION Kurumi Sasatomi, Shiro Hiragata, Minoru Miyazato, Michael B Chancellor, Sidney M Morris, and Naoki Yoshimura Kurumi SasatomiKurumi Sasatomi More articles by this author , Shiro HiragataShiro Hiragata More articles by this author , Minoru MiyazatoMinoru Miyazato More articles by this author , Michael B ChancellorMichael B Chancellor More articles by this author , Sidney M MorrisSidney M Morris More articles by this author , and Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61023-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "ARGINASE INHIBITION SUPPRESSES BLADDER OVERACTIVITY IN RATS WITH CHRONIC SPINAL CORD INJURY BY ENHANCING NO PRODUCTION." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), pp. 349–350 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 349-350 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Kurumi Sasatomi More articles by this author Shiro Hiragata More articles by this author Minoru Miyazato More articles by this author Michael B Chancellor More articles by this author Sidney M Morris More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Where the ocean influences the impulse response and its effect on synchronous changes of acoustic travel time (2011)

In 1983, sounds at 133 Hz, 0.06 s resolution were transmitted in the Pacific for five days at 2 min intervals over 3709 km between bottom-mounted instruments maintained with atomic clocks. In 1989, a technique was developed to measure changes in acoustic travel time with an accuracy of 135 microseconds at 2 min intervals for selected windows of travel time within the impulse response. The data have short-lived 1 to 10 ms oscillations of travel time with periods less than a few days. Excluding tidal effects, different windows exhibited significant synchronized changes in travel time for periods shorter than 10 h. In the 1980s, this phenomenon was not understood because internal waves have correlation lengths of a few kilometers which are smaller than the way sound was thought to sample the ocean along well-separated and distinct rays corresponding to different windows. The paradox's resolution comes from modern theories that replace the ray-picture with finite wavelength representations that predict sound can be influenced in the upper ocean over horizontal scales such as 20 km or more. Thus, different windows are influenced by the same short-scale fluctuations of sound speed. This conclusion is supported by the data and numerical simulations of the impulse response.
Haloxylines A and B, Antifungal and Cholinesterase Inhibiting Piperidine Alkaloids from Haloxylon salicornicum (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Equivalent generator properties of acute ischemic lesions in the isolated rabbit heart. (1978)

Equivalent generator properties of the electrical field produced by ischemic myocardium were studied in 25 isolated rabbit heart preparations. Electrocardiograms from 32 electrodes deployed about a spherical tank containing the isolated, perfused heart were recorded before and after suture ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The ligation was high (10 preparations) or low (10 preparations) along the interventricular septum. In a final five hearts, ligatures were placed sequentially in both positions. Signals were processed to quantitate the percentage of summed square (SSQ) potential attributable to a centric dipole (CD), to a four-element centric multipole series (CMS) and to a single moving dipole (SMD) during the S-T segment. Fifteen minutes after low ligation, 74 12%, 98 1%, and 96 3% (mean 1 SD) of SSQ potential recorded 10 msec into the S-T segment could be accounted for by the CD, CMS, and SMD models, respectively. The computed SMD was determined to be fixed in location and orientation throughout the S-T segment but to increase in magnitude from early to late S-T. Dipole moment directly correlated with the area of the epicardial lesion (r = 0.82). Results were quantitatively similar after high ligation and after each of the sequential occlusions. Tank surface isopotential maps during the S-T segment uniformly demonstrated a single maximum that was spatially aligned with the ischemic lesion, and with an intensity proportional to both computed dipole moment and epicardial lesion size (r = 0.97). Thus, CMS and SMD cardiac models provide quantitatively accurate descriptions of the experimentally induced electrical fields.
Are Patient Outcomes Affected by the Presence of a Fellow or Resident in Lumbar Decompression Surgery? (2020)

3.
Theranostic mRNA-loaded Microbubbles in the Lymphatics of Dogs: Implications for Drug Delivery (2014)

Microbubbles have shown potential as intralymphatic ultrasound contrast agents while nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles are increasingly investigated for ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery. To explore whether mRNA-nanoparticle loaded microbubbles could serve as theranostics for detection of and mRNA transfer to the lymph nodes, we investigate the behavior of unloaded and mRNA-loaded microbubbles using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging after subcutaneous injection in dogs. Our results indicate that both types of microbubbles are equally capable of rapidly entering the lymph vessels and nodes upon injection, and novel, valuable and detailed information on the lymphatic structure in the animals could be obtained. Furthermore, additional observations were made regarding the dynamics of microbubble lymph node uptake. Importantly, neither the microbubble migration distance within the lymphatics, nor the observed contrast signal intensity was influenced by mRNA-loading. Although further optimization of acoustic parameters will be needed, this could represent a first step towards ultrasound-guided, ultrasound-triggered intranodal mRNA delivery using these theranostic microbubbles.