gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically Activated 4H-SiC p-i-n Diodes for High-Power Applications (2009)

To realize the benefits of SiC power electronics and optically controlled device technology, we present in this letter optically activated SiC p-i-n diodes for high-temperature and high-power applications. The diodes were fabricated on an n-type 4H-SiC substrate, and measurements show that, when tested at a reverse bias of 1000 V, the diode was switched on by a single UV (337.1 nm) laser pulse with 1.2-mJ optical energy. The FWHM is about 180 ns with a rise time of less than 10 ns and a fall time of about 200 ns. The response time is primarily limited by the RC time constant from the junction capacitance of the diode and the current-limiting resistor in the test circuit. This initial work forms the basis for the further development of high-power high-speed SiC bistable switches.
Double-Layer Rotator Cuff Repair: Anatomic Reconstruction of the Superior Capsule and Rotator Cuff Improves Biomechanical Properties in Repairs of Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears (2018)

The prevalence and clinical importance of delaminated rotator cuff tears have long been underestimated. Anatomically correct individual reconstruction of the superior capsule and rotator cuff could restore near-native biomechanics and potentially reduce the risk of rotator cuff repair failure.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Therapeutic Efficacy of an Fc-Enhanced TCR-like Antibody to the Intracellular WT1 Oncoprotein (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 142KB, Human PBMCs were separated into effector cell populations and tested for in vitro ADCC activity against BV173 cells, mediated by ESKM or isotype control mAb. Only fractionated NK cells showed activity relative to isotype control antibody. % Lysis is calculated based on spontaneous release (target cells, no effectors or mAb) as 0% and maximal release (target cells + SDS) as 100%.&lt;/p&gt;
Tools for the characterization of bipolar CML testability (2005)

A methodology to characterize thoroughly the defective behavior of CML bipolar gates has been developed. This methodology produced data suitable to guide design for testability in CML circuits. Inductive Fault Analysis (IFA) is first applied to library cell layouts to characterize their sensitivity to realistic defects. The data is then processed by an automatic simulation program that can, according to a list of criteria, classify the defective behavior of all cells. This complete analysis allows a thorough characterization of defective cell behaviors of such a logic family, and helps derive specific testability rules and methods. The proposed methodology is flexible enough to be adapted easily to other logic families.
Determination of Absolute Stereochemistry of 2-Alkylmorpholines by a13C NMR Study of Steroid Derivatives (1996)

Information about the absolute stereochemistry (configuration) of some diastereomeric pairs of 2β-(2-alkylmorpholinyl)-3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnanes is available from the 13C chemical shifts of the C-3′ and C-5′ morpholine carbons. A series of anaesthetic compounds can be allocated to one group of R configuration at the 2-alkylmorpholine with C-3′ and C-5′ at around 51 and 52 ppm, and another group of S configuration with C-3′ and C-5′ at around 45 and 57 ppm.
Mass Production of Silicon MOS-SETs: Can We Live with Nano-Devices’ Variability? (2011)

Abstract It is very important to study variability of nanodevices because the inability to produce large amounts of identical nanostructures is eventually a bottleneck for any application. In fact variability is already a major concern for CMOS circuits. In this work we report on the variability of dozens of silicon single-electron transistors (SETs). At room temperature their variability is compared with the variability of the most advanced CMOS FET i.e. the ultra thin Silicon-on-Insulator Multiple gate FET (UT SOI MuGFET). We found that dopants diffused from Source –Drain into the edge of the undoped channel are the main source of variability. This emphasizes the role of extrinsic factors like the contact junctions for variability of any nanodevice.
Semi-Supervised Node Classification by Graph Convolutional Networks and Extracted Side Information (2020)

The nodes of a graph existing in a cluster are more likely to connect to each other than with other nodes in the graph. Then revealing some information about some nodes, the structure of the graph (graph edges) provides this opportunity to know more information about other nodes. From this perspective, this paper revisits the node classification task in a semi-supervised scenario by graph convolutional networks (GCNs). The goal is to benefit from the flow of information that circulates around the revealed node labels. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, this paper provides a method for extracting side information from a graph realization. Then a new GCN architecture is presented that combines the output of traditional GCN and the extracted side information. Another contribution of this paper is relevant to non-graph observations (independent side information) that exists beside a graph realization in many applications. Indeed, the extracted side information can be replaced by a sequence of side information that is independent of the graph structure. For both cases, the experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a higher prediction accuracy in comparison to the existing state-of-the-art methods for the node classification task.
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Powders with a Controlled Morphology for Use as Bone Cement (2008)

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) powders were synthesized for use as bone cement by heat treating calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) powders in boiling CaCl 2 solutions with various CaCl 2 concentrations, ranging from 23.5 to 35.5 wt%, in order to control their morphology. All of the prepared CSH powders showed X‐ray diffraction peaks corresponding to the CSH structure without any secondary phases, implying complete conversion from the CSD phase to the CSH phase. It was also observed that the concentration of CaCl 2 significantly affected the morphology of the CSH powder that was synthesized. In other words, as the CaCl 2 concentration was decreased from 35.5 to 23.5 wt%, the morphology notably changed from long‐and‐slim hexagonal rods with an aspect ratio of 5.5 to fat‐and‐short hexagonal columns with an aspect ratio of 1.4. This reduction in the aspect ratio led to a significant improvement in the compressive strength of the CSD cement prepared by mixing the CSH powders with water.
Novel nucleic acid analogs with a chimeric phosphinate/phosphate backbone; synthesis and biophysical properties (2004)

Novel analogs of acyclic nucleosides based on a bis-hydroxymethylphosphinic acid (BHPA) backbone were incorporated into a thymidine-containing DNA strand by phosphoramidite methodology. The physicochemical properties of these constructs were evaluated. Melting temperature measurements demonstrate that chimeric oligomers with a phosphinate / phosphate backbone possess lower binding affinity towards complementary single stranded templates and slightly higher binding affinity towards double stranded DNA, as compared to non-modified reference oligomers. The polyanionic oligomers containing BHPA abasic residue were also synthesized by the same methodology. These oligomers show low cytotoxic activity toward HUVEC and HeLa cell lines and, as expected, are resistant to nucleolytic degradation at the modification site.
An 8 bit programmable 18 GHz frequency divider for mm-wave frequency synthesis (2012)

A programmable frequency divider operating up to 18 GHz input frequency is presented. The division ratio can be set between 12 and 255. The complete circuit consists of a divide-by-4/5 prescaler and attached programmable dividers of 2 Bit and 6 Bit. It is designed using differential current-mode logic gates in a high frequency SiGe bipolar technology. The divider operates at a supply voltage of 3.3V and a total power consumption of only 200mW including output drivers and a logic interface for programming the division ratio. The frequency range and the division ratio are appropriate for phase-locked loops in high performance and wide-band measurement systems in the millimeterwave region.
Hemorrhagic Shock Resuscitation With an Artificial Oxygen Carrier, Hemoglobin Vesicle, Maintains Intestinal Perfusion and Suppresses the Increase in Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (2004)

It is known that damage to the intestinal mucosa followed by systemic inflammatory response is one of the leading causes of shock related morbidity and mortality. In this study, we examined the ability of an artificial oxygen carrier hemoglobin vesicle (HbV) to sustain systemic and intestinal perfusion during hemorrhagic shock. In rabbits, hemorrhagic shock (40% of the estimated blood volume) was resuscitated with 5% albumin (alb group), HbV suspended in 5% albumin (HbValb group), or washed red blood cells suspended in 5% albumin (RBCalb group). Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level was measured in rats under the same experimental protocol. No significant intergroup differences were seen in systemic hemodynamics. In contrast, parameters of intestinal perfusion significantly deteriorated in the alb group but were equally well sustained in the HbValb and RBCalb groups. Also, a significant increase in plasma TNF-alpha level was seen in the alb group but not in the RBCalb or HbValb groups. These results indicate the proficient oxygen transporting capability of HbV and its potential efficacy in shock resuscitation.
Detecting acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department: the answer is in seeing the heart: why look further?The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the Editors of the European Heart Journal or of the European Society of Cardiology. (2005)

This editorial refers to ‘Regional left ventricular perfusion and function in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation’† by D. Rinkevich et al., on page 1606 

The emergent assessment of chest pain continues to represent a major medical challenge. In the USA alone, 6 million patients annually present to emergency departments with chest pain. The time-honoured application of clinical assessment, electrocardiography, and markers of myocardial injury (e.g. troponins) definitively identify only 20–30% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); indeed, biochemical markers are frequently normal in the early hours of pain. Conversely, many admissions pending normal results are unnecessary and take much of the patient time and cause anxiety as well as costing billions of dollars. Worryingly, ∼5% of patients with ACS are discharged inadvertently, representing a source of significant mortality (∼25%) and litigation. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for effective risk stratification tools.

Can pathophysiological principles help identify the ideal test? A direct relationship between myocardial blood flow (MBF) and regional function (RF) is well recognized in acute ischaemia; RF diminishes with diminishing MBF and at 25% of resting MBF, RF abates completely. Importantly, these RF abnormalities persist for hours even after reperfusion (myocardial stunning). Consequently, despite the lack of overt myocardial necrosis as evidenced by normal troponin levels, a significant risk of future events may exist in patients with myocardial stunning owing to flow-limiting coronary disease. In addition, when only ∼20% of the myocardium (especially endocardium) is infarcted, wall thickening is abolished; RF is therefore exquisitely sensitive to perfusion defects and precedes electrocardiographic or biochemical defects.1

As a tribute to the accuracy of … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 208 869 2548; fax: +44 208 864 0075. E-mail address : roxy.senior{at}virgin.net
Swept shock/boundary layer interaction experiments in support of CFD code validation (1990)

Research on the topic of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction was carried out. Skin friction and surface pressure measurements in fin-induced, swept interactions were conducted, and heat transfer measurements in the same flows are planned. The skin friction data for a strong interaction case (Mach 4, fin-angles equal 16 and 20 degrees) were obtained, and their comparison with computational results was published. Surface pressure data for weak-to-strong fin interactions were also obtained.
Modulation and Control of a Three-Phase Phase-Modular Isolated Matrix-Type PFC Rectifier (2017)

Three-phase phase-modular isolated power factor correction rectifiers are an interesting alternative to phase-integrated three-phase rectifiers as matrix-type phase modules allow a single-stage isolated energy conversion between the three-phase mains and a dc bus. Therefore, this paper presents a phase-modular isolated matrix-type rectifier which can be connected to the mains either in star (Y) or delta (Δ) configuration, enabling a wide input voltage range. Additionally this allows to select the voltage and current stresses of the phase module switches according to the used semiconductor technology, for example 650 V Si or GaN devices could be used in rectifiers powered from the 400 or 480 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> mains. A detailed analysis of the operating principles and switching behavior of the converter is presented, showing that zero voltage switching can be achieved in the phase modules. Additionally a third harmonic current injection concept is proposed which allows an up to 15% higher output voltage in Δ-mode. The concepts are validated with measurements taken on a 7.5 kW, 400 V dc output voltage prototype converter achieving 97.2% efficiency and a total harmonic distortion of <;2% at rated power.
1214 Higher Bedroom Temperature Associated With Poorer Sleep: Data From Over 3.75 Million Nights (2020)

Abstract Introduction Bedroom temperature can influence nocturnal thermoregulation and sleep. To date, limited, small experimental studies have shown that bedroom temperatures outside the recommended range of 65 and 70°F can negatively impact sleep. However, this association has not been studied in a large-scale data set. Using over 3.75 million nights of objectively measured data, we analyzed the associations between habitual bedroom temperatures and sleep. Methods Over 3.75 million nights of sleep and bedroom temperature data were collected using S+ by ResMed technology from 34,096 Individuals (57% male, 20-90 years, mean age 48.7 +/-14.5 years, all US residents). Multilevel regression analyses were used to analyze associations between bedroom temperature and sleep. A stricter alpha level of 0.001 was used to account for the large number of observations in the dataset. Results Bedroom temperature was above 70°F for 69% of nights, with the average temperature ranging between 68.8 and 76.2°F. For each 1°F increase in bedroom temperature between 60-85°F, sleep efficiency decreased by 0.06%. Likewise, higher bedroom temperatures were linked to shorter Total Sleep Time duration (-0.45 mins/°F), longer Sleep Onset Latency (+0.04 mins/°F), and longer Wake After Sleep Onset (+0.11 mins/°F), all ps&amp;lt;0.001. Conclusion Analyzing data from over 3.75 million nights, we found that many people sleep in a bedroom warmer than the optimal temperature. Further, higher bedroom temperatures - even within the recommended range for optimal sleep - are associated with poorer sleep and higher wakefulness. Bedroom thermostats and cooling options should be considered to achieve optimal sleeping temperature conditions. Support N/A
Semisolid solidification of high temperature superconducting oxides (1992)

Experiments are reported on two techniques for melt-texture processing Ba2YCu3O6.5 by directional solidification from a semisolid melt containing particles of BaY2CuO5 and a copper-rich liquid. One of these employs an electric resistance furnace with ambient or oxygen enriched atmosphere; the other is a laser-heated furnace operating at 1.3 atm oxygen. Solidification interface morphologies and other structural features were examined in quenched specimens. Depending on growth rate and temperature gradient, three different types of growth morphologies of the growing 123 phase were observed: ‘‘faceted plane front,’’ ‘‘cellular dendritic’’ or ‘‘equiaxed blocky.’’ The interface temperature decreased markedly with increasing growth rate for the faceted plane front specimens. In the remaining specimens, solidification took place over a range of temperatures. The temperature of the ‘‘root’’ of the solidification front dropped, but temperature of the solidification front ‘‘tip’’ did not. A solidification model is developed and employed to interpret experimental observations. The model assumes limited diffusion of solute in the liquid during the growth of the superconducting phase. The model shows, in agreement with experiment, that growth rate of the low temperature solid phase has a strong effect on ability to obtain the desirable faceted plane front, and that thermal gradient has only a small effect. Interparticle spacing of the high temperature phase, BaY2CuO5, is also predicted to have a strong effect.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Tumor Cell–Driven Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Drives Haptotaxis during Metastatic Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. MenaINV drives haptotaxis at high FN concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;
Sorting Table Illumination on Stonefruit Packing Lines in California (1993)

Sorting table illumination was evaluated in nine stonefruit packing houses, including table configuration, light intensity, uniformity, and spectral quality. Typical sorting tables had two sorting lanes with a cull lane running between, and the fruit were moved by roller conveyor made from white PVC pipe. Luminaires with two fluorescent lamps were usually centered above and along each sorting lane section. Correlated color temperatures of the lamps varied from 3600 to 5000 K, and color rendering indices varied from 62 to 90. Illuminance at the center of each sorting lane ranged from 920 to 4080 lx (85 to 379 fc), with a mean value of 2170 lx (202 fc). Light intensity was relatively uniform over the entire surface of the sorting lane. Luminance ratios between the white roller conveyors and darker fruits exceeded the 3:1 industry recommendation and could be improved by using darker rollers. The majority of packing lines used cool-white fluorescent lamps. Color rendering might be improved with lamps having higher correlated color temperatures and color rendering indices, thereby more closely approximating daylight. Defect recognition might be enhanced with lamps having more energy in the red region of the spectrum.
STUDY ON SUPPRESSION OF LOW AND HIGH PERIODIC TRANSFER VARIATION OF SERVO SYSTEM USING TIMING BELT DRIVES (2002)

Since timing belt drives have the advantages of low costs and accurate transfer characteristics, they are widely used in industrial machines and office automation equipment. However, timing belt drives have problems with periodic transfer variations caused by eccentric pulleys, interlocking belt and pulley teeth etc. Though it can be said that high feedback servo gain is effective in suppressing the periodic variations, the high gain easily makes the system unstable because of the elasticity of the drive system and the modeling errors. In this paper, we propose a control technique that suppresses periodic variations using a disturbance observer. First, we analyzed the mechanism of the generating variations caused by eccentric pulleys that are the most influential of all. Considering the periodic variations, we suggested the sinusoidal model for disturbances. The by implementing I-P speed control with disturbance compensation using the estimated disturbances from the observer, we verified the effectiveness of the disturbance compensation method.
Fluid transport in partially filled porous sol-gel silica glass (1990)

Measurements of low-frequency ac electrical conductivity of a porous glass filled with different amounts of a saline solution are compared with the self-diffusion coefficient of water measured in the same sample, reported previously [F. D'Orazio et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 43 (1989)]. The two transport parameters are consistently related through the Einstein relation under saturation conditions. A more complex picture is revealed for the unsaturated sample, since the presence of a vapor phase enhances the self-diffusion coefficient. Conductivity experiments allow an independent assessment of the contribution to self-diffusion from the liquid phase. However, a comparison between the two experiments indicates that the role of the vapor phase is not well understood.
Nondestructive and Contactless Monitoring Technique of Si Surface Stress by Photoreflectance (2001)

Strain and stress at the Si surface have been studied by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. A Si diaphragm structure has been fabricated in order to produce the surface strain caused by N 2 gas pressure which changes the PR spectra of the Si diaphragm. The transition energy obtained from the PR peak energy of approximately 3.4 eV is proportional to the surface stress, which is calculated by elastic analysis. Additionally, PR spectroscopy was applied to measure stress at the interface between the Si and thermal oxide. As the SiO 2 growth temperature increases, the interface stress decreases. From our experimental results, it is considered that PR spectroscopy is effective as a contactless and nondestructive monitoring technique for Si surface stress.
The contribution of high-resolution GC separations in plastic recycling research (2023)

One convenient strategy to reduce environmental impact and pollution involves the reuse and revalorization of waste produced by modern society. Nowadays, global plastic production has reached 367 million tons per year and because of their durable nature, their recycling is fundamental for the achievement of the circular economy objective. In closing the loop of plastics, advanced recycling, i.e., the breakdown of plastics into their building blocks and their transformation into valuable secondary raw materials, is a promising management option for post-consumer plastic waste. The most valuable product from advanced recycling is a fluid hydrocarbon stream (or pyrolysis oil) which represents the feedstock for further refinement and processing into new plastics. In this context, gas chromatography is currently playing an important role since it is being used to study the pyrolysis oils, as well as any organic contaminants, and it can be considered a high-resolution separation technique, able to provide the molecular composition of such complex samples. This information significantly helps to tailor the pyrolysis process to produce high-quality feedstocks. In addition, the detection of contaminants (i.e., heteroatom-containing compounds) is crucial to avoid catalytic deterioration and to implement and design further purification processes. The current review highlights the importance of molecular characterization of waste stream products, and particularly the pyrolysis oils obtained from waste plastics. An overview of relevant applications published recently will be provided, and the potential of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, which represents the natural evolution of gas chromatography into a higher-resolution technique, will be underlined.