gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Baypamun N in Crowding‐Associated Infectious Respiratory Disease: Efficacy of Baypamun N (freeze dried product) in 2‐week‐old Veal Calves (1997)

The efficacy of an immunomodulator, Baypamun N, was tested in 10-20-day-old veal calves from different farms, which were exposed to stress by transport and commingling (crowding). Verum and placebo animals (n = 50, each group) received three intramuscular injections of the investigational products (days 0, 2, 4) starting the day of arrival on the farm. Data from 49 calves in each group could be used for statistical evaluation. The incidence of acute bovine respiratory disease was anticipated to be high during the first 2 weeks after arrival on farm based on experience from other years. The clinical scores in the Baypamun N group were significantly reduced by 52.7% (P < 0.001) compared to the placebo group. The number of antibiotic treatments was significantly reduced by 53.8% (P < 0.001) in the Baypamun N group. Of the calves treated with Baypamun N, 51.02% remained untreated with antibiotics during the first 2 weeks after arrival on the farm compared with only 16.3% of the placebo treated control calves (P < 0.001).
Integrated online condition monitoring system for nuclear power plants (2010)

Abstract Online condition monitoring or online monitoring (OLM) uses data acquired while a nuclear power is operating to continuously assess the health of the plant's sensors, processes, and equipment; to measure the dynamic performance of the plant's process instrumentation; to verify in-situ the calibration of the process instrumentation; to detect blockages, voids, and leaks in the pressure sensing lines; to identify core flow anomalies; to extend the life of neutron detectors and other sensors; and to measure the vibration of reactor internals. Both the steady-state or DC output of plant sensors and their AC signal or noise output can be used to assess sensor health, depending on whether the application is monitoring a rapidly changing (e.g., core barrel motion) or a slowly changing (e.g., sensor calibration) process. The author has designed, developed, installed, and tested OLM systems (comprised of software/hardware-based data acquisition and data processing modules) that integrate low-frequency (1 mHz to 1 Hz) techniques such as RTD cross-calibration, pressure transmitter calibration monitoring, and equipment condition monitoring and high-frequency (1 Hz to 1 kHz) techniques such as the noise analysis technique. The author has demonstrated the noise analysis technique's effectiveness for measuring the dynamic response-time of pressure transmitters and their sensing lines; for performing predictive maintenance on reactor internals; for detecting core flow anomalies; and for extending neutron detector life. Integrated online condition monitoring systems can combine AC and DC data acquisition and signal processing techniques, can use data from existing process sensors during all modes of plant operation, including startup, normal operation, and shutdown; can be retrofitted into existing PWRs, BWRs, and other reactor types and will be integrated into next-generation plants.
Supplementary Legends 1-6 from Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Legends 1-6 from Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy
Forward lasing action at multiple wavelengths seeded by white light from a femtosecond laser filament in air (2013)

White-light seeded forward lasing action from a femtosecond laser filament in air was systematically investigated. Using the self-generated white-light seed from 800- and 400-nm laser filaments, 428- and 391-nm lasings, respectively, were observed. When an external white-light seed produced from a femtosecond laser supercontinuum in a water cell was used, simultaneous multiple-wavelength (388-, 391-, 428-, and 471-nm) lasing action was experimentally demonstrated.
Preparation and Structure of the Thin Membrane of Polymeric Cobaltporphyrin Complex. (2002)

コバルトテトラフェニルポルフィリン (CoTPP) とオクチルメタクリレートとビニルイミダゾールの共重合体 (OIm) の錯体から, CoTPPを高い濃度で含み酸素の促進輸送能をもつ緻密薄膜を, 多孔質支持膜上に膜厚80～90nmで作成できた. CoTPPは膜内にほぼ均一に分布し, OImイミダゾール残基と5配位錯体を形成していた.
Paclitaxel-Loaded Polymersomes for Enhanced Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (2016)

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is present in more than 60% of gastric cancer, 40% of ovarian cancer, and 35% of colon cancer patients. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, with a median survival of 1 to 3 months. Cytoreductive surgery combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy is the current clinical treatment, but achieving curative drug accumulation and penetration in peritoneal carcinomatosis lesions remains an unresolved challenge. Here, we used flexible and pH-sensitive polymersomes for payload delivery to peritoneal gastric (MKN-45P) and colon (CT26) carcinoma in mice. Polymersomes were loaded with paclitaxel and in vitro drug release was studied as a function of pH and time. Paclitaxel-loaded polymersomes remained stable in aqueous solution at neutral pH for up to 4 months. In cell viability assay on cultured cancer cell lines (MKN-45P, SKOV3, CT26), paclitaxel-loaded polymersomes were more toxic than free drug or albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane). Intraperitoneally administered fluorescent polymersomes accumulated in malignant lesions, and immunofluorescence revealed an intense signal inside tumors with no detectable signal in control organs. A dual targeting of tumors was observed: direct (circulation-independent) penetration, and systemic, blood vessel-associated accumulation. Finally, we evaluated preclinical antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel-polymersomes in the treatment of MKN-45P disseminated gastric carcinoma using a total dose of 7 mg/kg. Experimental therapy with paclitaxel-polymersomes improved the therapeutic index of drug over free paclitaxel and Abraxane, as evaluated by intraperitoneal tumor burden and number of metastatic nodules. Our findings underline the potential utility of the polymersome platform for delivery of drugs and imaging agents to peritoneal carcinomatosis lesions. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 670-9. ©2016 AACR.
Human Primary Epithelial Cell Models: Promising Tools in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Personalized Medicine (2018)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder where individual disease etiology and response to therapeutic intervention is impacted by CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutations and other genetic modifiers. CFTR regulates multiple mechanisms in a diverse range of epithelial tissues. In this Review, we consolidate the latest updates in the development of primary epithelial cellular model systems relevant for CF. We discuss conventional two-dimensional (2-D) airway epithelial cell cultures, the backbone of <i>in vitro</i> cellular models to date, as well as improved expansion protocols to overcome finite supply of the cellular source. We highlight a range of strategies for establishment of three dimensional (3-D) airway and intestinal organoid models and evaluate the limitations and potential improvements in each system, focusing on their application in CF. The <i>in vitro</i> CFTR functional assays in patient-derived organoids allow for preclinical pharmacotherapy screening to identify responsive patients. It is likely that organoids will be an invaluable preclinical tool to unravel disease mechanisms, design novel treatments, and enable clinicians to provide personalized management for patients with CF.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Targeting TRAIL Death Receptor 4 with Trivalent DR4 Atrimer Complexes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 80K, Schematic representation of different library designs for primary and affinity matured selections. The native sequence of the tetranectin loop regions is shown at the top. Alterations in the primary and affinity maturation libraries are shown below where an x indicates a position that was randomized in each library.&lt;/p&gt;
An inclusive design of remittance services for the blind user's operation of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) (2000)

In this paper we reported the inclusive design of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) for blind users, especially their use of remittance services. We examined our design guideline of the remittance operation for the users, based on the operations by voice instruction and/or the feedback using a handset. Then we implemented the prototype system under the guideline and evaluated it by an experiment. Subjects were four blind men. The results showed that the system worked out effectively. However, the reduction in time for all operation required was indicated as a main problem.
Controlling the selection stringency of phage display using a microfluidic device (2009)

We report the utilization of microfluidic technology to phage selection and demonstrate that accurate control of washing stringency in our microfluidic magnetic separator (MMS) directly impacts the diversity of isolated peptide sequences. Reproducible generation of magnetic and fluidic forces allows controlled washing conditions that enable rapid convergence of selected peptide sequences. These findings may provide a foundation for the development of automated microsystems for rapid in vitro directed evolution of affinity reagents.
Time-of-Flight Soil Moisture Estimation Using RF Backscatter Tags (2020)

Agricultural soil moisture measurement is usually done with extensive in situ sensor deployments. These sensor networks are often difficult to install and maintain. Ground penetrating radars have also been used to do fine-grained moisture measurements in farm fields, but usually require the radar to be in or near contact with the soil. In this paper we propose a hybrid approach that combines an in situ backscatter reflector with an ultra-wideband radar that is small enough to be handheld or mounted to a drone. The underground backscatter reflector allows for accurate time-of-flight measurements. The time-of-flight is determined by the permittivity of the soil, which is influenced primarily by the soil water content for non-saline soils. We performed both laboratory and in situ measurements, achieving an average accuracy within 0.013 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> / cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> of the ground truth with a 90th percentile of 0.034 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach.
Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging: helix angle (HA) healthy statistical average technique for HA quantification in vivo (2013)

Background In vivo Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging (cDTI) has great potential to depict the microstructure of the myocardium, with Mean Diffusivity (MD), Fractional Anisotropy (FA), and Helix Angle (HA) maps. Quantitative analysis of these parameters might help disease diagnosis, however HA is particularly difficult to quantify as it varies across the myocardial wall. To overcome this, we developed a method to quantify HA deviation from an average healthy map. This technique, together with quantitative FA and MD analysis, have been applied to healthy volunteer data by varying the number of averages to analyse the improvement of the measurements.
Orthogonal Multiple Access with Correlated Sources: Feasible Region and Pragmatic Schemes (2012)

In this paper, we consider orthogonal multiple access coding schemes, where correlated sources are encoded in a distributed fashion and transmitted, through additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, to an access point (AP). At the AP, component decoders, associated with the source encoders, iteratively exchange soft information by taking into account the source correlation. The first goal of this paper is to investigate the ultimate achievable performance limits in terms of a multi-dimensional feasible region in the space of channel parameters, deriving insights on the impact of the number of sources. The second goal is the design of pragmatic schemes, where the sources use "off-the-shelf" channel codes. In order to analyze the performance of given coding schemes, we propose an extrinsic information transfer (EXIT)-based approach, which allows to determine the corresponding multi-dimensional feasible regions. On the basis of the proposed analytical framework, the performance of pragmatic coded schemes, based on serially concatenated convolutional codes (SCCCs), is discussed.
Task Allocation in Fog-Aided Mobile IoT by Lyapunov Online Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Fog-aided mobile IoT is proposed to speed up service response by deploying fog nodes at network edges. We investigate the task allocation in fog-aided mobile IoT networks, where mobile users generate computing tasks at different locations and offload them to fog nodes, i.e., to intelligently distribute tasks to different fog nodes in order to adapt to the varying wireless channel conditions and different fog resources. The objective is to minimize the average task completion time constrained by the mobile device's battery capacity and each task's completion deadline. In practice, future tasks are usually unknown in advance owing to the unpredictable environments and hence an online algorithm is required to make decisions on the fly. Moreover, the local task information may be incomplete and hence historical statistics should be utilized to estimate the most appropriate fog node for the current task. Therefore, we design an online reinforcement learning algorithm to address the two challenges. We also derive and analyze the computational complexity and theoretical bound. Simulation results show that our online algorithm achieves the optimal performance asymptotically, illustrate the performances of our online reinforcement learning algorithm as compared with existing works, and validate the theoretical bound analysis.
"Big insulin": a new component of plasma insulin detected by immunoassay. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
TCAD Analysis of a Vertical RF Power Transistor (2009)

A detailed TCAD analysis of a low-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> high-power RF MOSFET incorporating a 0.25 mum sidewall gate is presented. A novel conductive plate is placed in the vicinity of the gate poly as well as underneath the gate interconnects to provide a complete shield of the gate from the influence of drain potential. The fabricated vertical DMOS device exhibits a I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d(sat)</sub> = 750 muA/mum and an extrinsic transconductance g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m(sat)</sub> = 75 muS/mum under saturation, and a BVDSS = 110 V. The simulated I-V and C-V characteristics match very well with the measured data. TCAD sheds light on the bias dependence of the capacitances. The penetration of potential contours near the n-drift drain recess is identified as the cause for a sharp drop in output capacitance against V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> .
Determination of Internal-State Distributions of Surface Scattered Molecules: Incomplete Rotational Accommodation of NO on Ag(111) (1981)

Laser-induced fluorescence has been used to measure the rotational-state distribution of nitric oxide scattered from clean, single-crystal silver. Each resulting distribution is described by a rotational temperature within the statistical uncertainty. As the surface temperature is increased from 475 to 615 to 720 K, the calculated rotational temperature varies from 360\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 to 430\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}90 to 405\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}60 K, respectively. This shows that not only is rotational accommodation incomplete, but the degree of accommodation may decrease at the highest surface temperature studied.
A novel HMSM photodetector with resonant cavity for short haul communications (2003)

A novel RCE (resonant-cavity-enhanced) HMSM (Heterostructure Metal-Semiconductor-Metal) photodetector with Al/sub 0.24/Ga/sub 0.76/As/Al/sub 0.9/Ga/sub 0.1/As distributed Bragg reflector is presented. The photocurrent spectrum shows a clear peak at 850 nm wavelength with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 30 nm. The top reflector is a delta modulation doped Al/sub 0.24/Ga/sub 0.76/As that also acts as the barrier enhancement layer thus providing very low dark current values. I-V curve shows that there is a five-fold decrease in dark current, with bias less than 10 V and a factor of two increase in photocurrent as a result of delta doping. Time response measurements gives a 3 dB bandwidth of about 33 GHz. Combination of low dark current, fast response, wavelength selectivity, and compatibility with high electron mobility transistors makes this device especially suitable for short haul communications purposes.
Hairy surfaces by cold drawing leading to dense lawns of high aspect ratio hairs (2022)

The surfaces of many organisms are covered with hairs, which are essential for their survival in a complex environment. The generation of artificial hairy surfaces from polymer materials has proven to be challenging as it requires the generation of structures with very high aspect ratios (AR). We report on a technique for the fabrication of surfaces covered with dense layers of very high AR nanoscale polymer hairs. To this, templates having pores with diameters of several hundred nanometers are filled with a polymer melt by capillary action. The polymer is then allowed to cool and the template is mechanically removed. Depending on the conditions employed, the formed structures can be a simple replica of the pore, or the polymer is deformed very strongly by cold drawing to yield in long hairs, with hair densities significantly up to 6,6 × 10<sup>8</sup> hairs/cm<sup>2</sup> at AR of much higher than 200. The mechanism of hair formation is attributed to a delicate balance between the adhesion forces of the polymer in the pore and the yield force acting on it during mechanically demolding. We demonstrate how with very little effort and within a timescale of seconds unique topographies can be obtained, which can dramatically tailor the wetting properties of common polymers.
Phase I/II trial of pembrolizumab and AR signaling inhibitor +/- 225Ac-J591 for chemo-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2022)

TPS216 Background: The role of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in prostate cancer remains undefined outside of the subset with mismatch repair. Several studies have suggested that ICI combined with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) or kinase inhibitors may result in improved and/or more durable response in a proportion of men with mCRPC. While not yet proven, addition of external beam radiation to ICI may improve outcomes (for instance Kwon et al Lancet Oncol 2014, Fizazi K et al, Eur Urol 2020). PSMA targeted therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617 improves survival in men with CRPC, has been combined with ICI in early phase studies, and we have previously demonstrated the benefit of PSMA targeted therapy using radiolabeled mAb J591. PSMA-targeted alpha-emitters have a very high potency and the potential to generate immune response. Based upon i) ARSI may increase PSMA expression, ii) ARSI may radiosensitize tumors, iii) ARSI resistance may lead to increased PD-L1 expression, and iv) alpha emitters may generate an immune response, we hypothesize that the addition of an alpha-emitting radionuclide ( 225 Ac) targeting prostate cancer (i.e PSMA+ tumors targeted with J591) will lead to double-stranded DNA breaks, cell death, and subsequent release of neoantigens, and thus will increase the response proportion to pembrolizumab plus ARSI resulting in more durable response. Methods: Key eligibility criteria include progressive mCRPC by PCWG3 on at least 1 prior AR pathway inhibitor and no prior chemotherapy for mCRPC. A phase I dose-finding study will first test safety of the triplet combination of pembrolizumab, an ARSI of physician choice, and 2 different doses of 225 Ac-J591 (one with minimal and one with moderate single-agent toxicity). Following determination of the optimal dose, a randomized phase II trial will treat subjects with a fixed dose of pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks (for up to 2 years) plus a standard ARSI (until progression or intolerance) with or without 225 Ac-J591. The primary endpoint of the study will test the hypothesis that the addition of a PSMA-targeted alpha emitter increases the composite of RECIST measurable disease, PSA, and CTC count response to immuno-hormonal therapy with 90% power. Key secondary clinical endpoints include 1-year progression-free survival, duration of response, and overall survival. Exploratory objectives include assessment of immunogenic cell death, immune serologic and host microbiome changes, plasma ctDNA, serial PSMA PET, and patient reported outcomes (FACT-P, BPI, EQ-5D-5L). The phase I portion of this DOD-funded study was activated in summer 2021 with the randomized phase II portion expected to open at PCCTC sites in 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT04946370.
Emission Mechanism of Double-Insulating Organic Electroluminescence Device Driven at AC Voltage (2005)

We demonstrate charge recombination electroluminescence (EL) that is observed without charge injection from external electrodes in double-insulated organic EL devices. Double-insulating organic thin-film (EL) devices, indium–tin–oxide electrode (ITO)/polymer insulator layer/ambipolar EL layer/ITO or gold nanoparticles layer/ambipolar EL layer/polymer insulator layer/Al electrode, were fabricated. The ambipolar EL layer was made of a poly( N -vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/2.5-bis(4-naphthyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (BND)/coumarine-6 film or a poly-(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1.4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) film. For the polymer insulating layer, a poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP) film, which was formed via spin coating from a 2-propanol solution, was used. ITO nanoparticles and thiol-passivated gold nanopartilces were used as ambipolar charge generation materials. When the devices were driven at ac voltage, a uniform surface emission was observed. Experimental results showed that this emission is due to the recombination of holes and electrons that are generated from ITO or gold nanoparticles embedded in organic layers.
Computer Vision, Image Analysis, and Master Art: Part 3 (2007)

This three-part series describes how a variety of methods adapted from computer vision, image analysis, and pattern recognition can be applied to visual arts and help answer questions in art history. In this final installment, David Stork discusses how shapes can be described. He outlines the challenges in quantifying shape and form analysis, and describes how techniques to compare shapes may be used to compare paintings to, for example, determine how a copy was made