gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methane and Ethane Steam Reforming over MgAl2O4-Supported Rh and Ir Catalysts: Catalytic Implications for Natural Gas Reforming Application (2019)

Solar concentrators employed in conjunction with highly efficient micro- and meso-channel reactors offer the potential for cost-effective upgrading of the energy content of natural gas, providing a near-term path towards a future solar-fuel economy with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. To fully exploit the heat and mass transfer advantages offered by micro- and meso-channel reactors, highly active and stable natural gas steam reforming catalysts are required. In this paper, we report the catalytic performance of MgAl2O4-supported Rh (5 wt.%), Ir (5 wt.%), and Ni (15 wt.%) catalysts used for steam reforming of natural gas. Both Rh- and Ir-based catalysts are known to be more active and durable than conventional Ni-based formulations, and recently Ir has been reported to be more active than Rh for methane steam reforming on a turnover basis. Thus, the effectiveness of all three metals to perform natural gas steam reforming was evaluated in this study. Here, the Rh- and Ir-supported catalysts both exhibited higher activity than Ni for steam methane reforming. However, using simulated natural gas feedstock (94.5% methane, 4.0% ethane, 1.0% propane, and 0.5% butane), the Ir catalyst was the least active (on a turnover basis) for steam reforming of higher hydrocarbons (C2+) contained in the feedstock when operated at &lt;750 °C. To further investigate the role of higher hydrocarbons, we used an ethane feed and found that hydrogenolysis precedes the steam reforming reaction and that C–C bond scission over Ir is kinetically slow compared to Rh. Catalyst durability studies revealed the Rh catalyst to be stable under steam methane reforming conditions, as evidenced by two 100-hour duration experiments performed at 850 and 900 °C (steam to carbon [S/C] molar feed ratio = 2.0 mol). However, with the natural gas simulant feed, the Rh catalyst exhibited catalyst deactivation, which we attribute to coking deposits derived from higher hydrocarbons contained in the feedstock. Increasing the S/C molar feed ratio from 1.5 to 2.0 reduced the deactivation rate and stable catalytic performance was demonstrated for 120 h when operated at 850 °C. However, catalytic deactivation was observed when operating at 900 °C. While improvements in steam reforming performance can be achieved through choice of catalyst composition, this study also highlights the importance of considering the effect of higher hydrocarbons contained in natural gas, operating conditions (e.g., temperature, S/C feed ratio), and their effect on catalyst stability. The results of this study conclude that a Rh-supported catalyst was developed that enables very high activities and excellent catalytic stability for both the steam reforming of methane and other higher hydrocarbons contained in natural gas, and under conditions of operation that are amendable to solar thermochemical operations.
Smart Gossip: An Adaptive Gossip-based Broadcasting Service for Sensor Networks (2006)

A network-wide broadcast service is often used for information dissemination in sensor networks. Sensor networks are typically energy-constrained and prone to failures. In view of these constraints, the broadcast service should minimize energy consumption by reducing redundant transmissions, and be tolerant to frequent node and link failures. We propose "smart gossip", a probabilistic protocol that offers a broadcast service with low overheads. Smart gossip automatically and dynamically adapts transmission probabilities based on the underlying network topology. The protocol is capable of coping with wireless losses and unpredictable node failures that affect network connectivity over time. The resulting protocol is completely decentralized. We present thorough experimental results to evaluate our "smart gossip" proposal, and demonstrate its benefits over existing protocols
Sparse Fast Fourier Transform on GPUs and Multi-core CPUs (2012)

Given an N-point sequence, finding its k largest components in the frequency domain is a problem of great interest. This problem, which is usually referred to as a sparse Fourier Transform, was recently brought back on stage by a newly proposed algorithm called the sFFT. In this paper, we present a parallel implementation of sFFT on both multi-core CPUs and GPUs using a human voice signal as a case study. Using this example, an estimate of k for the 3dB cutoff points was conducted through concrete experiments. In addition, three optimization strategies are presented in this paper. We demonstrate that the multi-core-based sFFT achieves speedups of up to three times a single-threaded sFFT while a GPU-based version achieves up to ten times speedup. For large scale cases, the GPU-based sFFT also shows its considerable advantages, which is about 40 times speedup compared to the latest out-of-card FFT implementations [2].
Distance-correlation based gene set analysis in longitudinal studies (2018)

Longitudinal gene expression profiles of subjects are collected in some clinical studies to monitor disease progression and understand disease etiology. The identification of gene sets that have coordinated changes with relevant clinical outcomes over time from these data could provide significant insights into the molecular basis of disease progression and lead to better treatments. In this article, we propose a Distance-Correlation based Gene Set Analysis (dcGSA) method for longitudinal gene expression data. dcGSA is a non-parametric approach, statistically robust, and can capture both linear and nonlinear relationships between gene sets and clinical outcomes. In addition, dcGSA is able to identify related gene sets in cases where the effects of gene sets on clinical outcomes differ across subjects due to the subject heterogeneity, remove the confounding effects of some unobserved time-invariant covariates, and allow the assessment of associations between gene sets and multiple related outcomes simultaneously. Through extensive simulation studies, we demonstrate that dcGSA is more powerful of detecting relevant genes than other commonly used gene set analysis methods. When dcGSA is applied to a real dataset on systemic lupus erythematosus, we are able to identify more disease related gene sets than other methods.
The effect of obstruction on the biliary excretion of cefoperazone and ceftazidime (1990)

The biliary excretion of cefoperazone and ceftazidime was studied by endoscopic cannulation of the common bile duct, in patients with complete biliary obstruction and in an unobstructed control group. Patients were given each drug prophylactically for 24 h before endoscopy and as a single dose at the time of cannulation. In unobstructed patients biliary excretion of ceftazidime was passive. At the time of cannulation bile contained 10% of the peak serum concentration, rising to 20% 90 min later. Cefoperazone excretion was active. At cannulation biliary concentrations were 200% of the serum peak, 900% at 60 min and 700% at 90 min. In obstructed patients, bile sampled immediately at decompression contained neither antibiotic. Passive excretion of both drugs occurred rapidly after relief of obstruction and biliary concentrations were 20% of maximum serum levels at 60 min. Twenty-four hours later passive excretion had further improved, but the active excretion mechanism of cefoperazone had still not recovered. We conclude that obstruction impairs active as well as passive biliary excretion of antibiotics, that drainage is essential for the control of sepsis in obstructed cholangitis, and that both cefoperazone and ceftazidime achieve similar and therapeutic concentrations in bile during the 24 h after decompression.
Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies the Effect of Beta-Blocking Agents on a Molecular Pathway of Contraction in the Heart and Predicts Response to Therapy (2016)

Over the last decades, beta-blockers have been a key component of heart failure therapy. However, currently there is no method to identify patients who will benefit from beta-blocking therapy versus those who will be unresponsive or worsen. Furthermore, there is an unmet need to better understand molecular mechanisms through which heart failure therapies, such as beta-blockers, improve cardiac function, in order to design novel targeted therapies. Solving these issues is an important step towards personalized medicine. Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of molecular pathways that are affected by beta-blocking agents and a transcriptomic biomarker to predict therapy response.
A 11&#x03BC;W Sub-pJ/bit reconfigurable transceiver for mm-sized wireless implants (2013)

A wirelessly powered 11 μW transceiver for implantable sensors has been designed and demonstrated through 35 mm of porcine heart tissue. The prototype occupies 1 mm × 1 mm in 65nm CMOS with an external receive antenna. The IC consists of a rectifier, regulator, demodulator, modulator, controller, and sensor interface. The forward link transfers power and data on a 1.32 GHz carrier using low-depth ASK modulation that minimizes impact on power delivery and achieves from 4 to 20 Mbps with 0.3 pJ/bit at 4 Mbps. The backscattering link modulates the antenna impedance with a configurable load for operation in diverse biological environments and achieves 2 Mbps at 0.7 pJ/bit. The device supports TDMA, allowing for simultaneous operation of multiple sensors.
Suppressing Ion Implantation Induced Oxide Charging by Utilizing Physically Damaged Oxide Region (1997)

We report effects of ion implantation induced damage on gate leakage current in Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) without sidewall-oxidation. It is found that the region of “physical damage” induced by the 10 keV arsenic ions implantation process is the depth of 10 nm. A “oxide charging” has been suppressed by utilizing the physical damage as “a path of the conduction current from the plasma” which can be removed by means of wet etching after the ion implantation process. This newly developed technique is able to prevent both oxide charging of the gate oxide and direct ion impact damage of gate oxide.
Wideband Dual-polarized Antenna for Wi-Fi Communication Networks (2020)

The paper describes a wideband dual-polarized MIMO antenna designed for 5 GHz Wi-Fi communication networks. The antenna consists of two orthogonally linearly polarized 4x4 planar arrays with dipole-like radiating elements providing enhanced bandwidth. Apertures of the two arrays are overlapped by disposal of the corresponding PCBs one above the other that makes the MIMO antenna as compact as a single-polarized one. The antenna is integrated into a water-proofed enclosure with a plastic radome and has two output N-type connectors. Measurement results confirm good impedance matching (reflection coefficient is less than -10 dB) and high cross-polarization isolation of more than 23 dB in the 4.9-6.0 GHz frequency range with 17.5-18.5 dBi gain level. The beamwidth of the antenna is 17-20 deg. in both azimuth and elevation planes. High antenna gain provides increased communication distance (up to several kilometers) of the radios typically needed for any outdoor fixed wireless access applications while the antenna has been primarily developed for trackside communication networks in subways. Thus, it is already used in Moscow metro to provide high-throughput Internet access to passengers.
Simultaneous reconstruction of optical absorption and scattering maps in turbid media from near-infrared frequency-domain data (1995)

Simultaneously reconstructed images of both absorption and scattering coeff icients in optically heterogeneous media based on frequency-domain measurements are presented. The images are obtained from absolute measured data by use of a diffusion approximation to light propagation in tissue that is modeled with a finite-element method. Images that have different contrast levels are demonstrated.
Assessing the risk of measles resurgence in a highly vaccinated population: Belgium anno 2013 (2015)

Despite long-standing two-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, measles outbreaks still occur in highly vaccinated European populations. For instance, large measles outbreaks occurred in France (2008–13), the United Kingdom (2012–13) and the Netherlands (2012). Based on a multicohort model approach, using spatial serological survey data, MMR vaccination coverage data and data on social contacts, we found effective reproduction numbers significantly higher than 1 for measles in Belgium. This indicates that at one of the expected re-introductions, a measles outbreak is likely to spread, especially when it occurs during school term. The predicted average effective reproduction number increased over a 30-year time span from 1.3 to 2.2 and from 1.9 to 3.2 for basic reproduction numbers of 12 and 18, respectively. The expected relative measles incidence was highest in infants under one year of age, in adolescents and young adults. In conclusion, gradually increasing proportions of susceptible adolescents and young adults provide through their highly active social life an avenue for measles to resurge in large outbreaks upon re-introduction in Belgium, especially during school terms. Infants form an important vulnerable group during future measles outbreaks.
Charged fluorophores-assisted fabrication of metallic structures inside hydrogel by multi-photon photoreduction (2021)

We demonstrated the fabrication of gold microstructures inside a PEG-based hydrogel with different charged fluorophores by multi-photon photoreduction. By adding an anionic charged FITC-dextran or a cationic charged Rhodamine110 to the metal ion solution, line width of the fabricated gold microstructures increased compared to that of the structures fabricated in fluorophore-free hydrogel. The photobleaching could enhanced the reduction of gold ions accompanying the oxidation of the fluorophores. Notably, the inhibition of reduction of gold ions at a site other than the focal point was observed with FITC-dextran, which may be attributable to the coordination of gold ions to FITC-dextran.
Nondestructive Evaluation for Data Fusion (1998)

Abstract : NDE data fusion methodologies and algorithms were refined and implemented under this program and have been packaged and delivered to the Air Force in a visually programmable, object oriented application builder software package entitled INDERS 3. An important functional element of this package is the ability to integrate part geometry models with associated NDT data. Three case studies were selected and conducted during the development of the package. The first case study applies to the development of a low cost manufacturing process for the Joint Strike Fighter composite wingbox. The second case study examined the effect on radar performance of maintenance and repair of the E-3 AWACS radome. The third case study applied to evaluation of B1-B weapons bay doors for in service damage. The package was implemented on a purchased Silicon Graphics workstation which was used for the case studies and was delivered to the Air Force at the conclusion of the contract. The results of the effort were presented to both industry and Air Force personnel in a series of meetings, demonstrations, and software installations.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Basic Methods and Clinical Applications (2022)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), one of the advanced MRI techniques for evaluating magnetic susceptibility, offers precise quantitative measurements of spatial distributions of magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic susceptibility describes the magnetizability of a material to an applied magnetic field and is a substance-specific value. Recently, QSM has been widely used to estimate various levels of substances in the brain, including iron, hemosiderin, and deoxyhemoglobin (paramagnetism), as well as calcification (diamagnetism). By visualizing iron distribution in the brain, it is possible to identify anatomic structures that are not evident on conventional images and to evaluate various neurodegenerative diseases. It has been challenging to apply QSM in areas outside the brain because of motion artifacts from respiration and heartbeats, as well as the presence of fat, which has a different frequency to the proton. In this review, the authors provide a brief overview of the theoretical background and analyze methods of converting MRI phase images to QSM. Moreover, we provide an overview of the current clinical applications of QSM. <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2022.
Cost, Power and Performance Analysis of WDM PON Systems Based on Reflective Transmitters for Next-Generation Optical Access (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. Skubic, A. Bianchi, S. Dahlfort, and F. Cavaliere, "Cost, Power and Performance Analysis of WDM PON Systems Based on Reflective Transmitters for Next-Generation Optical Access," in National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper JTh2A.28. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Resource Utilization of Patients On Opiates Prior to Liver Transplant: The Squeaky Wheel Phenomenon? (2014)

Opioid use and abuse is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, there are no studies examining whether opioid use prior to OLTx has any deleterious effect on outcomes following transplant. METHODS: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of LTx recipients from Oct 2010 to June 2013. Exclusions included peds, prisoners, or pregnancy. The risk cohort was defined as any opiate use prior to LTX, which was propensity score matched (1:1) for baseline characteristics to a control cohort. RESULTS: 110 patients were analyzed, 55 patients taking any opiates pre-LTX matched with 55 control patients. Baseline demographics and transplant characteristics were similar between groups. The opiate cohort patients were more likely to experience uncontrolled pain post-LTX (22% vs 11%, p=0.197) and had significantly higher mean McCaffery pain scores (5.5 vs. 2.5, p<0.001). Complications were similar between the two groups. The opiate patients showed a trend towards a greater number of early outpatient encounters, while the control cohort had more inpatient encounters; this trend reversed after 6-months post-LTX. Early graft survival was higher in the opiate group, which evened out by 3-yrs post-LTX (Figure 1). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest patients with pre-LTX opiate use have more early post-LTX outpatient encounters related to investigations of increased pain, which may result in earlier intervention for post-transplant complications. Graft survival in these patients was higher early post-LTX, but equalized with controls by 3-yrs post-LTX.Table: No Caption available.Figure 1: - Kaplan-Meier curve for graft survival based on pre-LTX opiate use.
Opportunities for photovoltaic system operation below parity: Costs and benefits of active grid support (2016)

As photovoltaic (PV) energy production costs fall below cost-parity at about US$2 per peak watt, installed (for long-life systems), it is economical to use PV systems for active grid control. One example is dynamic curtailment, set up as operating reserve for the power grid. This paper discusses the use of limited, nominal, power curtailment to provide fast operating reserves, actively offsetting a substantial portion of PV variability. Operating reserves achieved this way can actually be cheaper than by conventional means. The paper includes cost-benefit analysis of this approach and projects how it can support large-scale implementation of renewable resources.
Retinoblastoma Protein Modulates the Inverse Relationship between Cellular Proliferation and Elastogenesis (2011)

The mechanism that leads to the inverse relationship between heightened cellular proliferation and the cessation of elastic fibers production, observed during formation of the arterial occlusions and dermal scars, is not fully understood. Because the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), responsible for cell cycle initiation, has also been implicated in insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated signaling stimulating elastin gene activation, we explored whether differential phosphorylation of Rb by various cyclin·cyclin-dependent kinase complexes would be responsible for promoting either elastogenic or pro-proliferative signals. We first tested cultures of dermal fibroblasts derived from Costello syndrome patients, in which heightened proliferation driven by mutated oncogenic H-Ras coincides with inhibition of elastogenesis. We found that Costello syndrome fibroblasts display elevated level of Rb phosphorylation on serine 780 (Ser(P)-780-Rb) and that pharmacological inhibition of Ras with radicicol, Mek/Erk with PD98059, or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 with PD0332991 not only leads to down-regulation of Ser(P)-780-Rb levels but also enhances Rb phosphorylation on threonine-821 (Thr(P)-821-Rb), which coincides with the recovery of elastin production. Then we demonstrated that treatment of normal skin fibroblasts with the pro-proliferative PDGF BB also up-regulates Ser(P)-780-Rb levels, but treatment with the pro-elastogenic insulin-like growth factor-I activates cyclinE-cdk2 complex to phosphorylate Rb on Thr-821. Importantly, we have established that elevation of Thr(P)-821-Rb promotes Rb binding to the Sp1 transcription factor and that successive binding of the Rb-Sp1 complex to the retinoblastoma control element within the elastin gene promoter stimulates tropoelastin transcription. In summary, we provide novel insight into the role of Rb in mediating the inverse relationship between elastogenesis and cellular proliferation.
Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers Using Hydrogen-Bonding and Ionic Interactions (2006)

Maleated ethylene/propylene copolymers (MAn-g-EPM) were thermoreversibly cross-linked via a reaction with primary alkylamines of different length, either with an equimolar amount to obtain the amide−acid or with an excess to obtain the amide−salt, which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed the presence of microphase-separated aggregates for both the starting MAn-g-EPM and all alkylamide−acids and −salts, which act as physical cross-links. The materials could easily be remolded at 80 °C into homogeneous films for several times without changes in the FTIR spectra, indicating that the (physical) cross-links are truly reversible. The tensile properties and elasticity were improved by converting MAn-g-EPM to the amide−acids due to hydrogen bonding and even further by converting the amide−acids to the amide−salts due to additional ionic interactions besides hydrogen bonding. Better tensile properties and elasticity were observed for the octadecylamine, which was explained by packing of the long alkyl tails in a crystalline-like order. Apparently, this packing is rather ill-defined, since a scattering peak could only be observed in the SAXS patterns of material modified with a large excess of octadecylamine after processing above 140 °C. Irreversible imide formation occurred for all amide−acids and amide−salts at high temperatures, resulting in disappearance of the aggregates and, hence, a dramatic decrease in mechanical properties. Therefore, these temperatures should be avoided during the (re)processing. Replacement of the excess of alkylamine with a different base, viz. potassium hydroxide, resulted in prevention of imide formation at high temperatures and a further improvement in mechanical properties.
Pattern Formation in a Cavity Longer than the Coherence Length of the Light in It (2002)

We study, theoretically and experimentally, the evolution of patterns in a passive nonlinear cavity that is longer than the coherence length of the light circulating in it. The patterns exhibit spatial line narrowing as the feedback is increased, resembling the line narrowing in lasers.