gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Detection Sensitivity with Pulsed Laser Digital Signal Integration Algorithm (2006)

Abstract This paper describes a pulsed laser induced digital signal integration algorithm for pulsed laser operation that is compatible with existing ac-coupled and dc-coupled detection systems for fault localization. This algorithm enhances laser induced detection sensitivity without a lock-in amplifier. The best detection sensitivity is achieved at a pulsing frequency range between 500 Hz to 1.5 kHz. Within this frequency range, the algorithm is capable of achieving more than 9 times enhancement in detection sensitivity.
HSUPA bit rates, capacity and coverage (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: General performance factors Single-user performance Cell capacity HSUPA performance enhancements Conclusions Bibliography
The anaerobic ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Escherichia coli requires S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor. (1990)

Extracts from anaerobically grown Escherichia coli contain an oxygen-sensitive activity that reduces CTP to dCTP in the presence of NADPH, dithiothreitol, Mg2+ ions, and ATP, different from the aerobic ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate: oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase, EC 1.17.4.1) present in aerobically grown E. coli. After fractionation, the activity required at least five components, two heat-labile protein fractions and several low molecular weight fractions. One protein fraction, suggested to represent the actual ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase was purified extensively and on denaturing gel electrophoresis gave rise to several defined protein bands, all of which were stained by a polyclonal antibody against one of the two subunits (protein B1) of the aerobic reductase but not by monoclonal anti-B1 antibodies. Peptide mapping and sequence analyses revealed partly common structures between two types of protein bands but also suggested the presence of an additional component. Obviously, the preparations are heterogeneous and the structure of the reductase is not yet established. The second, crude protein fraction is believed to contain several ancillary enzymes required for the reaction. One of the low molecular weight components is S-adenosylmethionine; a second component is a loosely bound metal. We propose that S-adenosylmethionine together with a metal participates in the generation of the radical required for the reduction of carbon 2' of the ribosyl moiety of CTP.
Product-term based synthesizable embedded programmable logic cores (2004)

As integrated circuits become increasingly complex, the ability to make post-fabrication changes will become more important and attractive. This ability can be realized using programmable logic cores. Currently, such cores are available from vendors in the form of a "hard" layout. Previous work has suggested an alternative approach: vendors supply a synthesizable version of their programmable logic core and the integrated circuit designer synthesizes the programmable logic fabric using standard cells. This paper presents a new family of architectures for these synthesizable cores; unlike previous architectures which were based on lookup-tables, the new family of architectures is based on a collection of product-term arrays. Compared to lookup-table based architectures, the new architectures result in density improvements of 35% and speed improvements of 72% on standard benchmark circuits.
Pathologic Accumulation of α-Synuclein and Aβ in Parkinson Disease Patients With Dementia (2012)

Dementia associated with PD has 2 major pathologic subgroups: neocortical synucleinopathy and neocortical synucleinopathy with Aβ deposition. Alzheimer disease with neocortical Aβ and tau deposition does not commonly cause dementia with PD. Furthermore, accumulation of Aβ is associated with lower survival rates in PD patients with dementia. Additional studies are needed to prospectively determine the association between α-synuclein and Aβ accumulation and the role of Aβ in the development and progression of cognitive impairment in PD.
Cervical cancer detection by DNA methylation analysis in urine (2019)

Urine samples provide a potential alternative to physician-taken or self-collected cervical samples for cervical screening. Screening by primary hrHPV testing requires additional risk assessment (so-called triage) of hrHPV-positive women. Molecular markers, such as DNA methylation, have proven most valuable for triage when applied to cervical specimens. This study was set out to compare hrHPV and DNA methylation results in paired urine and cervical scrapes, and to evaluate the feasibility of DNA methylation analysis in urine to detect cervical cancer. Urine samples (n = 41; native and sediment) and paired cervical scrapes (n = 38) from cervical cancer patients, and urine from 44 female controls, were tested for hrHPV and 6 methylation markers. Results on native urine and sediment were highly comparable. A strong agreement was found between hrHPV testing on urine and scrapes (kappa = 0.79). Also, methylation levels in urine were moderately to strongly correlated to those detected in scrapes (r = 0.508-0.717). All markers were significantly increased in urine from cervical cancer patients compared to controls and showed a good discriminatory power for cervical cancer (AUC = 0.744-0.887). Our results show a good agreement of urine-based molecular analysis with reference cervical samples, and suggest that urine-based DNA methylation testing may provide a promising strategy for cervical cancer detection.
XPS and SEM-EDX Study of Electrolyte Nature Effect on Li Electrode in Lithium Metal Batteries (2018)

Understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium batteries is very important to face the major safety issue of lithium dendritic growth during battery charge. The aim of this work is to study the thickness and the chemical nature of the SEI by XPS, as well as their influence on the electrochemical performance of the battery for different liquid organic electrolytes. XPS imaging is also used in this work to get a chemical mapping of the SEI layer components formed on the metallic lithium electrode surface cycled in different conditions. Data processing based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method has been conducted in order to illustrate the SEI layer heterogeneities. The obtained results are compared with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping. Thereby, the benefits and the precision of the XPS imaging technique to identify chemical compounds distribution have been highlighted. These different analyses have led to a better knowledge of the redox processes occurring at the top surface of lithium metal electrodes cycled in different liquid electrolytes.
On the femtosecond laser-induced photochemistry in silver-containing oxide glasses: mechanisms, related optical and physico-chemical properties, and technological applications (2018)

Abstract Laser-induced glass processing has led to huge progress and applications over the last two decades. Here, we review recent advances in femtosecond laser-induced photochemistry in isotropic transparent oxide glasses specifically tailored with silver photoactive agents. The understanding of the influence of the considered glass matrix on the nature and properties of the created silver species is of prime importance. After presenting the key material properties, the formation mechanisms of laser-induced silver-based species are discussed, and potential technological applications are highlighted. Laser-induced processing of silver-containing oxide glasses paved the way for the fabrication of complex integrated waveguides and optical circuits with innovative fluorescent, nonlinear optical, and plasmonic properties. The universality of the method is expected to extend in any glass material that shows a similar laser-induced behavior in terms of silver cluster production.
Supplementary Methods and Figures 1-5 from Genomic Alterations during the <i>In Situ</i> to Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma Transition Shaped by the Immune System (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1. Overview of patient cohort. S2. Whole exome sequencing of matched DCISand IDC transition. S3. Mutationalprofiling of the DCIS-to-IDC transition. S4.Phenotypic immune properties of patient cohort. S5.Immune-related genomicchanges and neoantigen load.&lt;/p&gt;
Combinations of Activin A or Nicotinamide with the Pancreatic Transcription Factor PDX1 Support Differentiation of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Toward a Pancreatic Lineage (2017)

The differentiation of multipotent stem cells toward a pancreatic lineage provides us with an alternative cell-based therapeutic approach to type 1 diabetes and enables us to study pancreas development. The current study aims to study the effect of growth factors such as activin A or nicotinamide, alone and in combinations with the transcription factor, PDX1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1), on human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) toward a pancreatic lineage. Ectopic expression of Pdx1 followed by treatment of hAECs with nicotinamide for 4 days resulted in strong induction of pancreatic endoderm and pancreatic progenitor genes, including NKX6.1 and NEUROD1. Pancreatic lineage cells expressing PDX1, SOX17, and RFX6 are derived from Pdx1-transduced hAECs treated with activin A or nicotinamide, but not cells treated with activin A or nicotinamide alone. Our study provides a novel culture protocol for generating pancreas-committed cells from hAECs and reveals an interplay between Pdx1 and activin A/nicotinamide signaling in early pancreatic fate determination.
Inhalation of Estradiol for Sustained Systemic Delivery (1999)

Large porous estradiol particles were formulated by spray drying estradiol in combination with various U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or endogenous excipients. The powders were characterized in terms of their geometrical size, mass density, and aerosolization properties. Small nonporous particles were also prepared using the same excipients and were physically characterized to insure that they possessed a similar mean aero-dynamic size as the large porous particles. The two powders were aerosolized into the lungs of rats via an endotracheal tube or subcutaneously injected as a control to assess relative bioavailability. Two different large porous particle formulations were found to produce elevated systemic estradiol concentrations upon inhalation for approximately 5 days, with relative bioavailabilities of 59.7% and 86.0%. Systemic estradiol concentrations following inhalation of two different small nonporous particle powders remained elevated for only approximately 1 day, with relative bioavailabilities of 18.3% and 38.7%. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed up to 96 hours after inhalation of porous and nonporous estradiol powders. Small changes in neutrophil and macrophage populations were observed following inhalation of both the porous and nonporous powders.
Circulating Picomolar Levels of CCL2 Downregulate Ongoing Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Induction of Regulatory Mechanisms (2019)

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by neurologic impairment resulting from primary demyelination and axonal damage. The pathogenic mechanisms of disease development include Ag-specific T cell activation and Th1 differentiation, followed by T cell and macrophage migration into the CNS. CCL2 is a chemokine that induces migration of monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells. We previously demonstrated that picomolar levels of CCL2 strongly restrict the development of inflammation in models of inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, CCR2 deficiency in T cells promotes a program inducing the accumulation of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells while decreasing the levels of Th17 cells in vivo. In the current study, the effect of picomolar levels of CCL2 on the autoimmune inflammatory response associated with a multiple sclerosis-like disease in mice was analyzed. We found that low dosages of CCL2 were effective in suppressing MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and they downregulated chronic EAE. The modulation of EAE by CCL2 was associated with downregulation of Th1/Th17 cells and upregulation of TGF-β and induction of regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3 T cells. Most strikingly, these low levels of CCL2 induced formation of highly functional regulatory T cells. Thus, this study strongly supports the potential use of CCL2 as a regulatory mediator for treating inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
Pharmacological validation of a refined burrowing paradigm for prediction of analgesic efficacy in a rat model of sub‐chronic knee joint inflammation (2013)

This study provides pharmacological validation of a refined burrowing paradigm for analgesic efficacy that exhibits good predictive validity, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Linear and non-linear optical properties of filled single-wall carbon nanotubes (2014)

A new approach for modification of optical and electronic properties of single-wall carbon nanotube films via a gas phase filling of nanotubes with the stranger acceptor molecules (iodine, CuCl) is presented. The modified films are characterized by techniques of linear (UV-vis-NIR optical absorption and Raman scattering) and non-linear (pump-probe) optical spectroscopy.
Abstract 653: G-protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Binds Preferentially To The Caveolin-1α Isoform In Rat Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (2012)

Caveolins, localized in lipid rafts of plasma membranes, tether and regulate signaling complexes into functional units and have been shown to inhibit g-protein-coupled receptor kinases GRK2 and GRK5 via the caveolin scaffolding domain. In human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC), the dopamine-1-receptor (D1R) is phosphorylated and inhibited by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4). Defects in D1R coupling leads to sodium-retention and a rise in blood pressure. We showed earlier that chronic disruption of lipid rafts or Caveolin-1 (Cav1) protein expression in the kidney induces hypertension in rats by relieving the steric inhibition of Cav1 on GRK4. Here we extend these studies by examining caveolin expression in renal proximal tubule cells microdissected from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We discovered a significant decrease in Cav1 and Cav2 expression in SHR compared to WKY (98 ±1.2% reduction; n=3, P&lt;0.001). In order to determine if the D1R coupling defect found in these SHR renal proximal tubule cells is due to loss of either of these proteins, we made stable SHR cell lines expressing either Cav1α, Cav1β or Cav2. Using co-immunoprecipitiation and western blot analysis, we demonstrate for the first time that GRK4 and Cav1 physically interact in rat cells, and that it is the Cav1α isoform that binds predominantly to GRK4 (Cav1β, Cav2 and vector control show a 90 ±1.5%, 84±0.8% and 87±2.1% reduction, respectively; n=3, P&lt;0.001). Similar to an effect found in mouse Cav1 knockout animals, we find that Cav2 is not stable without the co-expression of Cav1. Our data suggest that Cav1α. but not Cav1β, is important for normal D1R function by binding to and inhibiting GRK4, implicating a domain other than the caveolin scaffolding domain in this interaction. These findings might be used in designing selective GRK4 inhibitors as novel antihypertensive compounds.
Malignant thymoma associated with peripheral T‐cell lymphocytosis (1991)

Three cases of peripheral T-cell lymphocytosis associated with thymoma are described. Each patient had a malignant, predominantly lymphocytic thymoma with resolution of lymphocytosis upon treatment of the epithelial neoplasm. These findings suggest that lymphocytosis complicating thymoma is a paraneoplastic phenomenon and is not part of the neoplastic process.
Learning and Teaching in a Time of Pandemic (2021)

Education around the world has recently been transformed due to COVID-19. Face-to-face teaching has been replaced by virtual learning in a very short period of time, and academics have been forced to employ new technologies and resources to satisfy the needs and demands of students. Maintaining the undergraduate curriculum with minimal disruption has been a challenge for educators. Electromagnetics engineering education is highly dependent on practical activities. Hands-on experiences are necessary to understand the complex mathematical concepts that underlie electromagnetics fundamentals. How universities are dealing with the transition to online learning is of great interest. Remote integrated platforms, laboratory simulation, and video experiment recordings are some of the resources employed by academics in a virtual learning environment. However, while some classes have coped reasonably well with the online transition, others have been adversely affected, creating losses in student engagement and retention. This chapter aims to bring together the experiences, philosophies, and reflections of academics in differing geographical regions, in the context of the sudden shift to virtual learning in response to COVID-19. The challenges of maintaining high-quality learning experiences when differences in access to devices, Internet, and electricity connection exists are discussed.
FIB mask repair technology for electron projection lithography (2004)

We have studied stencil mask repair technology with focused ion beam and developed an advanced mask repair tool for electron projection lithography. There were some challenges in the stencil mask repair, which were mainly due to its 3-dimensional structure with aspect ratio more than 10. In order to solve them, we developed some key technologies with focused ion beam (FIB). The transmitted FIB detection technique is a reliable imaging method for a 3-dimensional stencil mask. This technique makes it easy to observe deep patterns of the stencil mask and to detect the process endpoint. High-aspect processing can be achieved using gas-assisted etching (GAE) for a stencil mask. GAE enables us to repair mask patterns with aspect ratio more than 50 and very steep sidewall angle within 90±1°precisely. Edge placement accuracy of the developed tool is about 14nm by manual operation. This tool is capable to achieve less than 10nm by advanced software. It was found that FIB technology had capability to satisfy required specifications for EPL mask repair.
Inorganic Films from Three Different Phosphors via a Liquid Coating Route from Inverse Miniemulsions (2004)

Precursor nanoparticles of complex lanthanide phosphors with binary and ternary composition are made using the inverse miniemulsion process. These particles show a high colloidal and compositional stability and are used to obtain inorganic crystalline films which can be very thin and highly homogeneous in topography and structure. In a subsequent annealing process, the precursor materials are converted to films of red, green, or blue phosphor. In the case of red phosphor, “single-crystal films” are formed which show a surface roughness of the order of single crystalline surfaces.
<title>Interferometric analysis for nondestructive product monitoring</title> (1991)

A real-time holographic interferometry system was developed for the inspection and engineering analysis of disposable reagent containers used in a clinical chemistry analyzer. This system was based on a conunercial holographic camera and permitted the manual or automated detection of bonding flaws which could result in field failure. L
Thermal processing of a degradable carboxylic acid‐functionalized polycarbonate into scaffolds for tissue engineering (2021)

Degradable polymers are often desirable for the fabrication of medical implants, but thermal processing of these polymers is a challenge. We describe here how these problems can be addressed by discussing the extrusion of fibers and injection molding of bone pins from a hydrolytically degradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonate. Our initial attempts produced fibers and pins with bubbles, voids, and discoloration, and resulted in the formation of large polymer plugs that seized screws and blocked extruder dies. The material and process parameters that contribute to these issues were investigated by studying the physical and chemical changes that occur during processing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans and thermogravimetric analysis combined with IR (TGA-IR) analysis revealed the role of residual moisture and residual solvents that in conjunction with heat cause degradation and crosslinking as indicated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Rheology and melt-flow index measurements were useful in characterizing the extent of dependence of polymer viscosity on temperature and molecular weight. With these insights, we could process our polymer into fibers and rods by controlling residual moisture, time and temperature, and by adjusting processing parameters in real-time. The systematic approach described here is applicable to other degradable polymers that are difficult to process.
Experimental observation of leaky modes and plasmons in a hybrid resonance element (2012)

We provide experimental evidence of a hybrid photonic device supporting simultaneously surface-plasmon polaritons and resonant leaky modes. A fabricated metallo-dielectric structure exhibits a pronounced plasmonic resonance at 799 nm wavelength and a modal resonance at 669 nm in transverse magnetic polarization. In transverse electric polarization, a weak modal resonance appears at 725 nm wavelength. We identify the corresponding modes by computing the attendant internal field distributions. Numerically computed spectra are in good agreement with our measurements. Since traditional modal and plasmonic devices find many uses, their hybrid versions may enable the extension of their applicability.
Biallelic Deletion of Pxdn in Mice Leads to Anophthalmia and Severe Eye Malformation (2019)

Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a unique peroxidase containing extracellular matrix motifs and stabilizes collagen IV networks by forming sulfilimine crosslinks. PXDN gene knockout in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) and <i>Drosophila</i> results in the demise at the embryonic and larval stages. PXDN mutations lead to severe eye disorders, including microphthalmia, cataract, glaucoma, and anterior segment dysgenesis in humans and mice. To investigate how PXDN loss of function affects organ development, we generated <i>Pxdn</i> knockout mice by deletion of exon 1 and its 5' upstream sequences of the <i>Pxdn</i> gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Loss of both PXDN expression and collagen IV sulfilimine cross-links was detected only in the homozygous mice, which showed completely or almost closed eyelids with small eyes, having no apparent external morphological defects in other organs. In histological analysis of eye tissues, the homozygous mice had extreme defects in eye development, including no eyeballs or drastically disorganized eye structures, whereas the heterozygous mice showed normal eye structure. Visual function tests also revealed no obvious functional abnormalities in the eyes between heterozygous mice and wild-type mice. Thus, these results suggest that PXDN activity is essential in eye development, and also indicate that a single allele of <i>Pxdn</i> gene is sufficient for eye-structure formation and normal visual function.