gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purcell factor for a point-like dipolar emitter coupled to a two-dimensional plasmonic waveguide (2011)

We theoretically investigate the spontaneous emission of a point-like dipolar emitter located near a two-dimensional plasmonic waveguide of arbitrary form. We invoke an explicit link with the density of modes of the waveguide describing the electromagnetic channels into which the emitter can couple. We obtain a closed form expression for the coupling to propagative plasmon, extending thus the Purcell factor to plasmonic configurations. Radiative and nonradiative contributions to the spontaneous emission are also discussed in detail.
Broadband Filters for Abatement of Spontaneous Emission for Superconducting Qubits (2015)

The ability to perform fast, high-fidelity readout of quantum bits (qubits) is essential for the goal of building a quantum computer. However, the parameters of a superconducting qubit device necessary to achieve this typically enhance qubit relaxation by spontaneous emission through the measurement channel. Here we design a broadband filter using impedance engineering to allow photons to leave the resonator at the cavity frequency but not at the qubit frequency. This broadband filter is implemented both in an on-chip and off-chip configuration.
Synthesis of Optically Pure 4-Fluoro-Glutamines as Potential Metabolic Imaging Agents for Tumors (2010)

A versatile synthetic route to prepare all four stereoisomeric 4-fluoro-glutamines was developed by exploiting a Passerini three-component reaction. The skeleton of 4-substituted glutamine derivatives was efficiently constructed. Subsequent four-step reactions, highlighted by a “neutralized” TASF fluorination, provided the desired products with high yields and excellent optical purity. The optically pure fluorine-18 labeled 4-fluoroglutamines were also successfully prepared using either a 18-crown-6/KHCO3 or K[222]/K2CO3 catalysis system. Preliminary cell uptake and inhibition studies using the 9L tumor cells and SF188Bcl-xL tumor cells (a glutamine addicted tumor derived from glioblastoma) provided strong evidence for their potential application in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo imaging of tumors, which use glutamine as an alternative energy source.
Supplementary Table 1 from Cancer-Testis Genes Are Coordinately Expressed and Are Markers of Poor Outcome in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene specific PCR primers&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Internal and External Donors on the Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Active Species in MgCl2-Supported Catalysts for Propene Polymerization (2001)

Poly(propylene)s prepared using MgCl2-supported catalysts containing different electron donors have been characterized using temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 13C NMR analysis. In addition, the regio- and stereochemical composition of oligomeric fractions present in selected polymers has been determined. The results indicate that catalysts in which the internal donor is a diether have a relatively narrow distribution of active species, for which the effects of regioselectivity on chain transfer with hydrogen are particularly prominent. The regio- and stereoselectivity of active species in catalysts in which the internal donor is diisobutyl phthalate is dependent on the nature of the alkoxysilane external donor used in polymerization. The effects of different alkoxysilanes on polymer tacticity and molecular weight distribution are interpreted in terms of lability of donor coordination in the vicinity of active species, a labile as opposed to a stable donor coordination giving rise to a higher proportion of defect-rich sequences in the polymer chain. Such species will also give relatively low molecular weight as a result of an increased probability of chain transfer with decreasing regio- and stereoselectivity. A broad tacticity and molecular weight distribution in poly(propylene) prepared using monoesters as internal and external donors indicates that these systems may contain not only a significant proportion of labile active species, but also species that do not require the presence of an electron donor in their immediate vicinity for high selectivity.
Photochemical production of psoralen - DNA monoadducts capable of subsequent photocrosslinking (1978)

Irradiation of 4' -aminomethyl-4,5' ,8-trimethyl psoralen in the presence of DNA at wavelengths between 380 and 400nm leads to efficient production of monoadducts with no significant amount of crosslinking. The yield of monoadduct attainable is high (about 35 adducts per 1000 base pairs) and can be made still higher by repeated irradiation with fresh psoralen derivative. Subsequent irradiation at 350nm results in crosslinking of a almost half of the monoattached psoralen. Studies of the yield of nonoadduct and crosslink as function of irradiation wavelength show that the action spectrum for crosslink formation is blue-shifted relative to that for monoadduct formation.
Abstract 7: A Subcutaneous, Potent and Durable RNAi Platform Targeting Metabolic Diseases, Genes PCSK9, ApoC3 and ANGPLT3 (2014)

Aim: There remains high unmet medical need for therapies to treat cardio/metabolic diseases. We validated in human trials, a platform for reducing the synthesis of genes expressed in the liver. The platform utilizes a GalNAc ligand attached to the 3’ end of the sense strand of an RNAi molecule to enable delivery specifically to the liver. Here we extend the platform to targets of interest in cardiovascular disease, including PCSK9, ANGPLT3 and ApoC3. METHODS: Chemically modified siRNAs were designed and were screened for potency in vitro . pM active siRNA molecules were developed targeting PCSK9, ANGPLT3 and ApoC3. The siRNAs were tested in either rodents or in non-human primates (NHPs) for activity. RESULTS: In NHPs a single dose of ALN-PCSsc at 6 mg/kg reduced PCSK9 levels up to 97% and LDL-C up to 67%. Moreover the nadir effect (without any rebound of LDL-C) lasted &gt;30 days indicating that once a month or longer dosing frequency in clinic should be supported. Multidose studies in NHP at 2mg/kg reduced circulating PCSK9 levels up to 94% with a subsequent lowering of LDL-C up to 67%. The effects on both PCSK9 and LDL-C was also very durable with levels of LDL-C returning to baseline &gt; 140 days post the last dose. Safety studies in rat at doses up to 225mg/kg (multi-dose) indicate that ALN-PCSsc is safe demonstrating a very wide therapeutic index. ALN-PCSsc was selected as a development candidate and is being advanced towards an IND ALN-ANGsc (an siRNA targeting ANGPTL3) was tested in two models of hyperlipidemia, the OB/OB mouse and the hCETP-ApoB mouse. In the Ob/Ob model, treatment with ALN-ANGsc at 3mg/kg resulted in a significant lowering ANGPLT3 protein (&gt;95%), total cholesterol(&gt;60%), and triglycerides (&gt;85%). Finally, we have developed a prototype molecule targeting Apoc3 with an ED90 for ApoC3 protein of &lt;2.5mg/kg showing 50% lowering of triglycerides in and db/db mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSION: We have developed a modular, robust and durable platform for the delivery of RNAi therapeutics to the liver. This platform is administered as a small volume subcutaneous dose and has a remarkable duration of effect in rodent NHP models. We have extended this platform to several targets of high interest includingPCSK9,ANGPLT3 and ApoC3.
Embedded processor extensions for image processing (2008)

The advent of camera phones marks a new phase in embedded camera sales. By late 2009, the total number of camera phones will exceed that of both conventional and digital cameras shipped since the invention of photography. Use in mobile phones of applications like visiophony, matrix code readers and biometrics requires a high degree of component flexibility that image processors (IPs) have not, to date, been able to provide. For all these reasons, programmable processor solutions have become essential. This paper presents several techniques geared to speeding up image processors. It demonstrates that a gain of twice is possible for the complete image acquisition chain and the enhancement pipeline downstream of the video sensor. Such results confirm the potential of these computing systems for supporting future applications.
The effect of temperature on the cationic isomerization polymerization of 3‐methyl‐1‐butene and 3‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐l‐butene (1967)

Abstract The effect of temperature on the molecular weight and product structure of poly(3‐methyl‐1‐butene) and poly(3‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐l‐butene) obtained with A1C13 catalyst in ethyl chloride solvent in the temperature range from +10 to −130°C. has been investigated. The plot of the logarithm of molecular weights versus reciprocal temperature for poly(3‐methyl‐l‐butene) is linear between +10 and −80°C. (ΔE DP = −2.5 kcal./ mole). At about −80°C. there is a change in the mechanism and the curve assumes a lesser slope in the range from −100 to −130°C. (ΔE DP = −0.35 kcal./mole). The structure ratio P 1.3 p 1.2 of the polymer, i.e. , the ratio of the number of 1,3 enchainments in the polymer to the number of 1,2 units, is also a linear function of the reciprocal temperature in the range from +10 to about −100°C. At −100°C. there is a break in the linearity and the slope increases sharply indicating the formation of large amounts of 1,3 units. The structure ratio of poly(3‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐l‐butene) is also linear but it is only little affected by the temperature in the −30 to −130°C. range. A possible explanation for these findings is offered and differences between chlorine‐containing and hydrocarbon carbonium ions are discussed.
Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites (2005)

The concept of nanostructured materials design is often attributed to Richard Feynman, 
Nobel Prize winner in physics. He gave a dinner speech at the annual meeting of the 
American Physical Society in 1959.1 The speech is famous for posing the question “Why 
cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a 
pin?” But Feynman also discussed the potential of new materials organized at a very fine 
scale under the headings “Rearranging the Atoms” and “Atoms in a Small World.”
Making waveguides containing nanocrystalline quantum dots (2005)

A new material platform is described that enables inclusion of nanocrystalline quantum dots into a polymer. This technology is compatible with semiconductor processing and may enable integration of active materials into current waveguide technologies. We describe the steps preformed to fabricate a waveguide chip that contains IR-emitting quantum dots. Optical tests demonstrate guiding and preservation of the quantum dots optical properties through the processing steps. Time resolved optical measurements indicate presence of gain in the InAs quantum dot impregnated polymer.
Laser-induced ion species ejection from thin silver films: influence of plasmon excitation on the desorbed species KE distributions (1993)

An experiment is conduced in which the role of plasmon excitation in the laser induced ion species desorption process is examined. Thin silver films were deposited on a prism and subjected to low‐fluence laser excitation from both the prism and the vacuum sides. For laser excitations from the prism side and at incidence angles near the plasmon angle, a large enhancement in the desorbed ion yield is measured. The desorbed ion KE distributions, as measured by a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, show K+ and Ag+ ions with a most probable KE of 0.7±0.2 eV. Also, there appears to be no difference in the measured distributions for ion desorption via plasmon excitation or vacuum‐side excitation.
Functional organization of the retrotransposon Ty from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Ty protease is required for transposition. (1988)

We used several mutations generated in vitro to further characterize the functions of the products encoded by the TyB gene of the transpositionally active retrotransposon TyH3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations close to a core protein domain of TyB, which is homologous to retroviral proteases, have striking effects on Ty protein processing, the physiology of Ty viruslike particles, and transposition. The Ty protease is required for processing of both TyA and TyB proteins. Mutations in the protease resulted in the synthesis of morphologically and functionally aberrant Ty viruslike particles. The mutant particles displayed reverse transcriptase activity, but did not synthesize Ty DNA in vitro. Ty RNA was present in the mutant particles, but at very low levels. Transposition of a genetically tagged element ceased when the protease domain was mutated, demonstrating that Ty protease is essential for transposition. One of these mutations also defined a segment of TyB encoding an active reverse transcriptase. These results indicate that the Ty protease, like its retroviral counterpart, plays an important role in particle assembly, replication, and transposition of these elements.
SNR Estimation for Multi-dimensional Cognitive Receiver under Correlated Channel/Noise (2013)

In addition to Spectrum Sensing (SS) capability required by a Cognitive Radio (CR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation of the primary signals at the CR receiver is crucial in order to adapt its coverage area dynamically using underlay techniques. In practical scenarios, channel and noise may be correlated due to various reasons and SNR estimation techniques with the assumption of white noise and uncorrelated channel may not be suitable for estimating the primary SNR. In this paper, firstly, we study the performance of different eigenvalue-based SS techniques in the presence of channel or/and noise correlation. Secondly, we carry out detailed theoretical analysis of the signal plus noise hypothesis to derive the asymptotic eigenvalue probability distribution function (a.e.p.d.f.) of the received signal's covariance matrix under the following two cases: (i) correlated channel and white noise, and (ii) correlated channel and correlated noise, which is the main contribution of this paper. Finally, an SNR estimation technique based on the derived a.e.p.d.f is proposed in the presence of channel/noise correlation and its performance is evaluated in terms of normalized Mean Square Error (MSE). It is shown that the PU SNR can be reliably estimated when the CR sensing module is aware of the channel/noise correlation.
A Platform Approach to the Design of Terminals and Infrastructure Components for Cognitive Wireless Networks (2007)

Cooperation in wireless networks will facilitate a new dimension in the evolution of multimedia communications, setting out from the today's situation with a multitude of communication standards and radio interfaces both in the licensed and the unlicensed domain. In order to pave the way towards cooperative networks, the deployment of cognitive wireless solutions, which will form the communication platforms, will be a key asset. In the future, we expect to see an increasingly flexible, ad-hoc utilization of the available spectrum in the unlicensed domain and a co-exsitence of communication standards in the licensed bands. In this communication, the authors will illustrate a platform based approach towards cognitive wireless communications. Also, the authors will present three software defined radio concepts designed by the members of the Lehrstuhl fr Kommunikations-Technik, namely the HAWK (Highly Adaptable Wireless Kit), the FALCON (Flexible Access Logic for COmmunication Networks), and the MUSTANG (MUlti-STAndard single chip transceiver for the Next Generation), finally, giving an outlook on their wireless optical communication device, termed ARGOS. HAWK, FALCON, MUSTANG and ARGOS form the basis of the Lehrstuhl fr KommunikationsTechnik's cognitive wireless platform, termed PROMETHEUS. The setup of PROMETHEUS and its functionality shall be illustrated together with selected measurement results.
Studies on the role of dopamine in the degeneration of 5‐HT nerve endings in the brain of Dark Agouti rats following 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ‘ecstasy’) administration (1999)

1. We investigated whether dopamine plays a role in the neurodegeneration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerve endings occurring in Dark Agouti rat brain after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'ecstasy') administration. 2. Haloperidol (2 mg kg(-1) i.p.) injected 5 min prior and 55 min post MDMA (15 mg kg(-1) i.p.) abolished the acute MDMA-induced hyperthermia and attenuated the neurotoxic loss of 5-HT 7 days later. When the rectal temperature of MDMA + haloperidol treated rats was kept elevated, this protective effect was marginal. 3. MDMA (15 mg kg(-1)) increased the dopamine concentration in the dialysate from a striatal microdialysis probe by 800%. L-DOPA (25 mg kg(-1) i.p., plus benserazide, 6.25 mg kg(-1) i.p.) injected 2 h after MDMA (15 mg kg(-1)) enhanced the increase in dopamine in the dialysate, but subsequent neurodegeneration was unaltered. L-DOPA (25 mg kg(-1)) injected before a sub-toxic dose of MDMA (5 mg kg(-1)) failed to induce neurodegeneration. 4. The MDMA-induced increase in free radical formation in the hippocampus (indicated by increased 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in a microdialysis probe perfused with salicylic acid) was unaltered by L-DOPA. 5. The neuroprotective drug clomethiazole (50 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not influence the MDMA-induced increase in extracellular dopamine. 6. These data suggest that previous observations on the protective effect of haloperidol and potentiating effect of L-DOPA on MDMA-induced neurodegeneration may have resulted from effects on MDMA-induced hyperthermia. 7. The increased extracellular dopamine concentration following MDMA may result from effects of MDMA on dopamine re-uptake, monoamine oxidase and 5-HT release rather than an 'amphetamine-like' action on dopamine release, thus explaining why the drug does not induce degeneration of dopamine nerve endings.
On Complexity Bounds for the Maximal Admissible Set of Linear Time-Invariant Systems (2023)

Given a dynamical system with constrained outputs, the maximal admissible set (MAS) is defined as the set of all initial conditions such that the output constraints are satisfied for all time. It has been previously shown that for discrete-time, linear, time-invariant, stable, observable systems with polytopic constraints, this set is a polytope described by a finite number of inequalities (i.e., has finite complexity). However, it is not possible to know the number of inequalities apriori from problem data. To address this gap, this contribution presents two computationally efficient methods to obtain upper bounds on the complexity of the MAS. The first method is algebraic and is based on matrix power series, while the second is geometric and is based on Lyapunov analysis. The two methods are rigorously introduced, a detailed numerical comparison between the two is provided, and an extension to systems with constant inputs is presented. Knowledge of such upper bounds can speed up the computation of MAS, and can be beneficial for defining the memory and computational requirements for storing and processing the MAS, as well as the control algorithms that leverage the MAS.
ChemInform Abstract: Will Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices See the Light of Day? (2014)

Abstract Review: 118 refs.
Molecular Dynamics at the Interface between Ice and Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Ice Recrystallization Inhibition (2017)

Ice formation is a ubiquitous process that poses serious challenges for many areas. Nature has evolved a variety of different mechanisms to regulate ice formation. For example, many cold-adapted species produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and/or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to inhibit ice recrystallization. Although several synthetic substitutes for AF(G)Ps have been developed, the fundamental principles of designing AF(G)P mimics are still missing. In this study, we explored the molecular dynamics of ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a well-recognized ice recrystallization inhibitor, to shed light on the otherwise hidden ice-binding mechanisms of chain polymers. Our molecular dynamics simulations revealed a stereoscopic, geometrical match between the hydroxyl groups of PVA and the water molecules of ice, and provided microscopic evidence of the adsorption of PVA to both the basal and prism faces of ice and the incorporation of short-chain PVA into the ice lattice. The length of PVA, i.e., the number of hydroxyl groups, seems to be a key factor dictating the performance of IRI, as the PVA molecule must be large enough to prevent the joining together of adjacent curvatures in the ice front. The findings in this study will help pave the path for addressing a pressing challenge in designing synthetic ice recrystallization inhibitors rationally, by enriching our mechanistic understanding of IRI process by macromolecules.
Improved Upper Bounds on the Reliability Function of the Gaussian Channel (2006)

A new lower bound on the distance distribution of spherical codes is derived. This yields two new upper bounds on the reliability function of the Gaussian channel. These bounds outperform previously known bounds, and imply a new range of rates for which the exact value of the reliability function is known
Combining Digital Optical MEMS, CMOS and Algorithms for Unique Display Solutions (2007)

The binary electrostatic actuation of a MEMS micromirror through relatively large rotation angles by a single, low- voltage SRAM cell forms the basis of a digital optical MEMS switch, or DMD pixel, that is fast, scalable, producible and reliable. Arrays of DMD pixels are monolithically integrated on a CMOS chip and combined with optics, algorithms and a light source to produce unique DLPreg front projection and HDTV products. Examples include DLP pocket-class mobile projectors, 3-D enabled DLP HDTVs and DLP Cinemareg projectors.
Vinyl Carbocations Generated under Basic Conditions and Their Intramolecular C–H Insertion Reactions (2019)

Here we report the surprising discovery that high-energy vinyl carbocations can be generated under strongly basic conditions, and that they engage in intramolecular sp<sup>3</sup> C-H insertion reactions through the catalysis of weakly coordinating anion salts. This approach relies on the unconventional combination of lithium hexamethyldisilazide base and the commercially available catalyst, triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate. These reagents form a catalytically active lithium species that enables the application of vinyl cation C-H insertion reactions to heteroatom-containing substrates.
Lipophilic 5′,5′‐O‐Dinucleoside‐α‐hydroxybenzylphosphonic Acid Esters as Potential Prodrugs of 2′,3′‐Dideoxythymidine (ddT) (1993)

Phosphonylated and phosphonylated derivatives of the antiviral active nucleoside analogue 2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (ddT) can be released from the dinucleoside-α-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid esters (1). Depending on the substituents at the aryl group, phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement or direct cleavage was observed. Consequently, compounds of type 1 can, in principle, serve as prodrugs of phosphorylated or phosphonylated nucleosides. Araryl.
High Frequency Electrical Characteristics of Interstitial Via Holes in an Any Layer Interstitial Via Hole Substrate and Interconnecting Region Using SBB Technology. (2000)

GHz帯の信号伝送が可能なパッケージを設計するために, 信号伝送路における特性インピーダンスが不連続となる部分の高周波特性を評価した。全層にIVH構造を有する樹脂多層基板ALIVHの材料特性, 基板中のビアホールおよびフリップチップ実装の一手法であるSBB技術を用いた接続部について, 半波長共振器を用いた共振法による実測と3次元電磁界計算による解析を行い, 等価回路を抽出した。その結果, 長さ約0.5mmのビアホールのインダクタンス成分は約0.6nHであった。またSBB接続部のインダクタンス成分は0.1nH以下であり, 長さ1mmのワイヤボンドの約1/10であることから, 1GHz程度のデジタル信号伝送に対してほとんど影響を与えないことを明らかにした。