gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
External Validation of the National Healthcare Safety Network Risk Models for Surgical Site Infections in Total Hip and Knee Replacements (2014)

HPRO performed better than the KPRO in predicting surgical site infections after hip and knee replacements. Both fared well in predicting prosthetic joint infections.
Modeling the Photoacoustic Spectrum of a Quantum Cascade Laser for Human Breath (2022)

A modeling approach to create a photoacoustic spectrum from synthetic data is presented and evaluated. The resulting model reaches a MAPE score of 2.7% and can be used to enable data-driven development in future work.
Spent Fuel Monitoring with Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Neutron/Gamma Detectors (2005)

Abstract Silicon carbide semiconductor radiation detectors have been demonstrated for neutron and gamma-ray monitoring of spent nuclear fuel. Neutrons and gamma rays were monitored simultaneously over a 2050-h period, resulting in a gamma dose of over 6000 Gy to the SiC detector. No changes in the neutron and gamma-ray sensitivity were observed as a result of the gamma-ray exposure. After the spent-fuel measurements, the absolute neutron sensitivity was determined in a standard neutron field, and the degree of gamma-ray and neutron spectrum overlap were determined through exposures in intense gamma ray fields. No overlap was observed for gamma-ray dose rates up to 100 G/h.
Synthetic intermediates potentially useful for the synthesis of tetrodotoxin and derivatives. 8. A series of highly functionalized pyrimidinones (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic intermediates potentially useful for the synthesis of tetrodotoxin and derivatives. 8. A series of highly functionalized pyrimidinonesJohn F. W. Keana, Patrick J. Boyle, Mark Erion, Ross Hartling, James R. Husman, Jack E. Richman, Richard B. Roman, and Robert M. WahCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 21, 3621–3626Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00169a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00169a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exercise During Childhood Protects Against Cardiac Dysfunction Later in Life (2021)

Abstract Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in aging populations. Exercise is amongst the most cardioprotective interventions identified to date, with early in life exercise such as during the juvenile period potentially imparting even more cardioprotective outcomes due to the plasticity of the developing heart. To test the hypothesis that juvenile exercise would impart later in life cardioprotection, we exercised juvenile male and female mice via voluntary wheel running from 3-5 weeks of age and then exposed them to cardiac stress by isoproterenol (ISO) at 4-6 and 18 months of age in adulthood and older age, respectively. We compared cardiac function and remodeling to sedentary control animals, sedentary animals who received ISO, and adult and aged mice that exercised for two weeks immediately before ISO exposure. Juvenile mice engaged in voluntarily wheel running, with male mice running 1.3 ± 0.8 km and female mice 2.8 ± 1.0 km a day. Echocardiography suggested that these juvenile animals underwent running-induced cardiac remodeling as evidenced by higher ejection fraction and stroke volume compared to sedentary controls. Exercise in the juvenile period attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling later in life compared to sedentary animals and those that exercised immediately before ISO administration. The mechanisms by which early versus late exercise is protective in adult and aged mice are under investigation. Further ongoing work will identify the adaptations induced by exercise in the juvenile heart that may help improve cardiac aging.
An analog CCD transversal fileter with floating clock electrode sensor and variable tap gains (1976)

This paper will describe a monolithic MOS/bipolar floating clock electrode sensor which nondestructively transforms a signal charge in a CCD to an output tap voltage that is multiplied by a tap weight derived from a variable conductance.
Self-Recognition and Symmetry in the Immune System (2020)

The diversity of the repertoire of the immune system is immense. There are very few classes of molecules, natural or synthetic, which fail to elicit an immune response in mammals. This chapter presents a model of the immune system that emphasizes autoimmunity as normal process. It argues that stresses the symmetry of the immune system: self-antigens determine the immune repertoire of both T- and B-cells. The Major Histocompatibility Complex is an assembly of structurally different membrane antigens which allow recognition of cell-bound antigen by T-lymphocytes. Autoimmunity has been an important topic since 1900 when, for the first time, its immunological significance was recognized by Ehrlich and Morgenroth. Rapid advances have been made in elucidating the structure of the T-cell receptor as well as the mechanism that generates its clonally distributed diversity.
Simulation of a Thermally Efficient HAMR Ridge Waveguide NFT on an AIN Heat Sink (2021)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) promises to increase the areal data density in hard disk drives beyond 1 Tb/in 2 by raising the temperature of the media to its Curie temperature for writing. The metallic optical near-field transducer (NFT) is a key component of the HAMR system. It confines optical energy to a small region below the diffraction limit on the recording media. The challenge with HAMR is that the NFT can reach extreme temperatures due to self-heating. Therefore, thermal reliability of the NFT is of great importance. To help the NFT dissipate heat, AlN is a potential heat sink material with reported thermal conductivity higher than 100 W/m-K [1] . In this work, we proposed a thermally efficient HAMR light delivery system using a ridge waveguide on an AlN heat sink. The relatively large metallic waveguide structure can dissipate heat effectively even in the presence of finite interface thermal conductance while still producing a small thermal spot in the medium. The thermal efficiencies ( TE ), defined as the ratio of peak temperature rise in the medium versus in the NFT can be as high as 2.93 in our design.
Development of a quantitative method for analysis of breast density based on three‐dimensional breast MRI (2008)

Breast density has been established as an independent risk factor associated with the development of breast cancer. It is known that an increase of mammographic density is associated with an increased cancer risk. Since a mammogram is a projection image, different body position, level of compression, and the x-ray intensity may lead to a large variability in the density measurement. Breast MRI provides strong soft tissue contrast between fibroglandular and fatty tissues, and three-dimensional coverage of the entire breast, thus making it suitable for density analysis. To develop the MRI-based method, the first task is to achieve consistency in segmentation of the breast region from the body. The method included an initial segmentation based on body landmarks of each individual woman, followed by fuzzy C-mean (FCM) classification to exclude air and lung tissue, B-spline curve fitting to exclude chest wall muscle, and dynamic searching to exclude skin. Then, within the segmented breast, the adaptive FCM was used for simultaneous bias field correction and fibroglandular tissue segmentation. The intraoperator and interoperator reproducibility was evaluated using 11 selected cases covering a broad spectrum of breast densities with different parenchymal patterns. The average standard deviation for breast volume and percent density measurements was in the range of 3%-4% among three trials of one operator or among three different operators. The body position dependence was also investigated by performing scans of two healthy volunteers, each at five different positions, and found the variation in the range of 3%-4%. These initial results suggest that the technique based on three-dimensional MRI can achieve reasonable consistency to be applied in longitudinal follow-up studies to detect small changes. It may also provide a reliable method for evaluating the change of breast density for risk management of women, or for evaluating the benefits/risks when considering hormonal replacement therapy or chemoprevention.
Transformation of Bacillus stearothermophilus with plasmid DNA and characterization of shuttle vector plasmids between Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. (1982)

A thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus IFO 12550 (ATCC 12980) was transformed with each of the following plasmids, pUB110 (kanamycin resistance, Kmr), pTB19 (Kmr and tetracycline resistance [Tcr]), and its derivative pTB90 (Kmr Tcr), by the protoplast procedure in the presence of polyethylene glycol at 48 degrees C. The transformation frequencies per regenerant for pUB110, pTB19, and pTB90 were 5.9 x 10(-3), 5.5 x 10(-3), and 2.0 x 10(-1), respectively. Among these plasmids, pTB90 was newly derived, and the restriction endonuclease cleavage map was constructed. When tetracycline (5 micrograms/ml) was added into the culture medium, the copy number of pTB90 in B. stearothermophilus was about fourfold higher than that when kanamycin (5 micrograms/ml) was added instead of tetracycline. Bacillus subtilis could also be transformed with the plasmids extracted from B. stearothermophilus and vice versa. Accordingly, pUB110, pTB19, and pTB90 served as shuttle vectors between B. stearothermophilus and B. subtilis. The requirements for replication of pTB19 in B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus appear to be different, because some deletion plasmids (pTB51, pTB52, and pTB53) derived from pTB19 could replicate only in B. subtilis, whereas another deletion plasmid pTB92 could replicate solely in B. stearothermophilus. Plasmids pTB19 and pTB90 could be maintained and expressed in B. stearothermophilus up to 65 degrees C, whereas the expression of pUB110 in the same strain was up to 55 degrees C.
A versatile method to study electrical treeing in polymeric materials (2009)

Electrical treeing in high voltage cable insulation has been studied widely as it is one of the major breakdown mechanisms for solid dielectrics subjected to high electrical stresses. The most frequently experimental set-up used to study electrical treeing is utilizing needles to achieve a high divergent field to promote the initiation of electrical trees. In this paper a new type of electrode configuration is described, which will be beneficial when examining electrical treeing in terms of both the capability to follow the course of events in real time and the small amount of insulation material is needed. This new electrode configuration makes use of a thin tungsten wire as electrode to obtain the high divergent electrical stress needed to initiate electrical trees. Multiple electrical trees are at times formed at different points along the wire during the testing, this indicates that the field are homogenous along the wire. This allows for determining the tree initiation field and the rate of tree growth. It is also shown that this electrode configuration is able to distinguish the increased electrical tree inception obtained by the addition of voltage stabilizers.
Liquid Injection MOCVD of Dysprosium Scandate Films (2007)

Crystalline , , and amorphous high- thin films have been deposited on substrates by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using two metal precursors [M=Dy, Sc; EDMDD=6-Ethyl-2,2-Di Methyl -3,5-Decane Dionato]. The precursors were evaluated in terms of efficiency and growth rate under various conditions, viz. vaporizer and susceptor temperatures, reactor pressure, injection rate, and injection delay between the two precursors. Amorphous films with nearly correct stoichiometry were deposited within the temperature range of 560–700°C. These amorphous films were smoother than the crystalline binary oxides and reached a density of around 85% of the bulk crystalline density. Amorphous structure and surface smoothness retained up to an annealing temperature as high as 950°C. The thickness of the interlayer did not vary with deposition temperature, but annealing at temperatures above 900°C increased the interlayer thickness. Electrical properties are promising; the dielectric constant of is much higher than that of the binary oxides and , and the leakage currents are very low compared to .
Using Internet Geometry to Improve End-to-End Communication Performance (2009)

The Internet has been designed as a best-effort communication medium between its users, providing connectivity but optimizing little else. It does not guarantee good paths between two users: packets may take longer or more congested routes than necessary, they may be delayed by slow reaction to failures, there may even be no path between users. To obtain better paths, users can form routing overlay networks, which improve the performance of packet delivery by forwarding packets along links in self-constructed graphs. Routing overlays delegate the task of selecting paths to users, who can choose among a diversity of routes which are more reliable, less loaded, shorter or have higher bandwidth than those chosen by the underlying infrastructure. Although they offer improved communication performance, existing routing overlay networks are neither scalable nor fair: the cost of measuring and computing path performance metrics between participants is high (which limits the number of participants) and they lack robustness to misbehavior and selfishness (which could discourage the participation of nodes that are more likely to offer than to receive service). In this dissertation, I focus on finding low-latency paths using routing overlay networks. I support the following thesis: it is possible to make end-to-end communication between Internet users simultaneously faster, scalable, and fair, by relying solely on inherent properties of the Internet latency space. To prove this thesis, I take two complementary approaches. First, I perform an extensive measurement study in which I analyze, using real latency data sets, properties of the Internet latency space: the existence of triangle inequality violations (TIVs) (which expose detour paths: ''indirect'' one-hop paths that have lower round-trip latency than the ''direct'' default paths), the interaction between TIVs and network coordinate systems (which leads to scalable detour discovery), and the presence of mutual advantage (which makes fairness possible). Then, using the results of the measurement study, I design and build PeerWise, the first routing overlay network that reduces end-to-end latency between its participants and is both scalable and fair. I evaluate PeerWise using simulation and through a wide-area deployment on the PlanetLab testbed.
Abstract 4425: GlycoConnect™ immune cell engagers (GC™-ICEs). A non-genetic approach to targeted IL-15 immunotherapy (2023)

Abstract Engagement of T cell or NK cells to harness a patient’s immune system is a promising approach in immuno-oncology. An immunocytokine, i.e. a tumor-targeting antibody (fragment) genetically fused to an immunostimulatory cytokine, is specifically designed for this purpose. Fusion antibody-IL-15 immunocytokines, based on a variety of molecular architectures, are currently finding their way to the clinic with promising results. Here we demonstrate how GlycoConnect™, a site-specific conjugation technology anchoring on the native antibody glycan, can be applied for attachment of IL-15 without prior antibody engineering. Moreover, the immunostimulatory activity of these GlycoConnect™ immune cell engagers (GC™-ICEs) can be modulated by tailoring linker design and payload stoichiometry. In particular, we demonstrate how a protease-cleavable mAb-IL-15 conjugate can be used to prevent systemic activation of the immune system, leading to a significantly improved therapeutic index in rodent models. In vitro and in vivo studies will be presented to showcase the biological activity of these GC™-ICEs in comparison to conventional immunocytokines obtained via genetic engineering. Citation Format: Remon van Geel, Floris van Delft. GlycoConnect™ immune cell engagers (GC™-ICEs). A non-genetic approach to targeted IL-15 immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4425.
Mildronate, an Inhibitor of Carnitine Biosynthesis, Induces an Increase in Gamma-Butyrobetaine Contents and Cardioprotection in Isolated Rat Heart Infarction (2006)

The inhibition of gamma-butyrobetaine (GBB) hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of carnitine, contributes to lay ground for the cardioprotective mechanism of action of mildronate. By inhibiting the biosynthesis of carnitine, mildronate is supposed to induce the accumulation of GBB, a substrate of GBB hydroxylase. This study describes the changes in content of carnitine and GBB in rat plasma and heart tissues during long-term (28 days) treatment of mildronate [i.p. (intraperitoneal) 100 mg/kg/daily]. Obtained data show that in concert with a decrease in carnitine concentration, the administration of mildronate caused a significant increase in GBB concentration. We detected about a 5-fold increase in GBB contents in the plasma and brain and a 7-fold increase in the heart. In addition, we tested the cardioprotective effect of mildronate in isolated rat heart infarction model after 3, 7, and 14 days of administration. We found a statistically significant decrease in necrotic area of infarcted rat hearts after 14 days of treatment with mildronate. The cardioprotective effect of mildronate correlated with an increase in GBB contents. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, provides experimental evidence that the long-term administration of mildronate not only decreases free carnitine concentration, but also causes a significant increase in GBB concentration, which correlates with the cardioprotection of mildronate.
Robotic Assistance for Intraocular Microsurgery: Challenges and Perspectives (2022)

Intraocular surgery, one of the most challenging discipline of microsurgery, requires sensory and motor skills at the limits of human physiological capabilities combined with tremendously difficult requirements for accuracy and steadiness. Nowadays, robotics combined with advanced imaging has opened conspicuous and significant directions in advancing the field of intraocular microsurgery. Having patient treatment with greater safety and efficiency as the final goal, similar to other medical applications, robotics has a real potential to fundamentally change microsurgery by combining human strengths with computer and sensor-based technology in an information-driven environment. Still in its early stages, robotic assistance for intraocular microsurgery has been accepted with precaution in the operating room and successfully tested in a limited number of clinical trials. However, owing to its demonstrated capabilities including hand tremor reduction, haptic feedback, steadiness, enhanced dexterity, micrometer-scale accuracy, and others, microsurgery robotics has evolved as a very promising trend in advancing retinal surgery. This paper will analyze the advances in retinal robotic microsurgery, its current drawbacks and limitations, as well as the possible new directions to expand retinal microsurgery to techniques currently beyond human boundaries or infeasible without robotics.
Data from A Composite Gene Expression Signature Optimizes Prediction of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis and Outcome (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We previously found that an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–based gene expression signature was highly correlated with the first principal component (PC1) of 326 colorectal cancer tumors and was prognostic. This study was designed to improve these signatures for better prediction of metastasis and outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 468 colorectal cancer tumors including all stages (I–IV) and metastatic lesions were used to develop a new prognostic score (ΔPC1.EMT) by subtracting the EMT signature score from its correlated PC1 signature score. The score was validated on six other independent datasets with a total of 3,697 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; ΔPC1.EMT was found to be far more predictive of metastasis and outcome than its parent scores. It performed well in stages I to III, among microsatellite instability subtypes, and across multiple mutation-based subclasses, demonstrating a refined capacity to predict distant metastatic potential even in tumors with a “good” prognosis. For example, in the PETACC-3 clinical trial dataset, it predicted worse overall survival in an adjusted multivariable model for stage III patients (HR standardized by interquartile range [IQR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–1.81; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000016, &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 644). The improved performance of ΔPC1.EMT was related to its propensity to identify epithelial-like subpopulations as well as mesenchymal-like subpopulations. Biologically, the signature was correlated positively with RAS signaling but negatively with mitochondrial metabolism. ΔPC1.EMT was a “best of assessed” prognostic score when compared with 10 other known prognostic signatures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The study developed a prognostic signature score with a propensity to detect non-EMT features, including epithelial cancer stem cell–related properties, thereby improving its potential to predict metastasis and poorer outcome in stage I–III patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 734–45. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Indole-2-Carboxamides Are Active against Mycobacterium abscessus in a Mouse Model of Acute Infection (2019)

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pathogens particularly infect patients with structural lung disorders. We previously reported novel indole-2-carboxamides (ICs) that are active against a wide panel of NTM pathogens. This study discloses <i>in vivo</i> data for two lead molecules (compounds 5 and 25) that were advanced for efficacy studies in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>-infected mouse models. Oral administration of the lead molecules showed a statistically significant reduction in the bacterial loads in lung and spleen of <i>M. abscessus</i>-infected mice.