gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology and micromechanical deformation behavior of styrene–butadiene block copolymers. III. Binary blends of asymmetric star block copolymer with general‐purpose polystyrene (2004)

Abstract The correlation between morphology, mechanical properties, and micromechanical deformation behavior of the blends consisting of an asymmetric styrene/butadiene star block copolymer (ST2‐S74, total styrene volume content Φ PS = 0.74) and general‐purpose polystyrene (GPPS) was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile testing. Addition of 20 wt % of GPPS to the block copolymer resulted in a drastic reduction in strain at break, indicating the existence of critical PS lamella thickness D c . Above D c lamellar block copolymers displayed a transition from ductile to brittle behavior, substantiating the mechanism of thin layer yielding proposed for lamellar star block copolymers. The blends showed a variety of deformation structures ranging from classical crazelike zones to those with internal shearlike components. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1208–1218, 2004
Using Species Composition Data from a Trawl Survey to Determine Potential Bycatch of the Commercial Trawl Fishery for Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus in the Middle Atlantic Bight (2009)

Abstract The National Marine Fisheries Service has encouraged regional management councils to develop fisheries ecosystem plans that, among other things, identify the bycatch species within each fishery and describe each species' spatial and temporal distribution. Horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus have been harvested along the eastern coast of the USA since the 1800s; however, a fishery management plan was only recently created for this species, and bycatch in the horseshoe crab trawl fishery has not been quantified. We identified species likely to be caught as bycatch in the commercial fishery by using species composition data from a fishery-independent horseshoe crab trawl survey conducted in 2005 and 2006. Seventy-six taxa were caught, including 47 finfish species from 33 families. Skates (family Rajidae) comprised more than one-half of the total biomass caught, and horseshoe crabs comprised one-third of the total biomass. Catch per unit effort (kg/km towed) was greatest for little skate Leucoraja erinacea, winter skate Leucoraja ocellata, horseshoe crab, and clearnose skate Raja eglanteria. We also caught species that are currently on the World Conservation Union's Red List (e.g., Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus) and unmanaged within U.S. waters (e.g., cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus and smooth dogfish Mustelus canis). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to cluster sites based on species abundance. The sites strongly clustered into two distinct groups, suggesting that species composition differs between northern and southern sites. Bottom water temperature was a significant factor in determining species composition, explaining almost 70% of the variation in species composition among sites. The results of this study provide managers with a better understanding of which nontarget populations may be affected by the horseshoe crab trawl fishery, a first step in understanding the broader ecosystem-level effects of this fishery.
Etching a Micro-Trench with a Maximum Aspect Ratio of 60 on Silica Glass by Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching (LIBWE) (2005)

We have successfully fabricated a deep micro-trench about 7 µm wide and 420 µm deep on silica glass with a maximum aspect ratio of 60 by laser induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) via KrF laser ablation of a saturated pyrene/acetone solution. The processing time for the microetching was as short as 5 min at a repetition rate of 80 Hz and a fluence of F = 1.0 J·cm -2 ·pulse -1 . The etch rate was calculated to be approximately 17 nm·pulse -1 . The LIBWE method is shown to be very useful for surface microstructuring of silica glass with high aspect ratio and high throughput.
Discovery of Salt Taste Enhancing Arginyl Dipeptides in Protein Digests and Fermented Fish Sauces by Means of a Sensomics Approach (2011)

As enzymatic digests of fish proteins were recently reported to enhance salt taste, the fish protein protamine was digested by chymotrypsin and trypsin and subsequently screened for candidate salt taste modulating (STM) peptides. To achieve this, first, a two-step sensory assay was developed and demonstrated to be a rather suitable tool for the detection of salt taste enhancers and the "quantitation" of their salt taste enhancing activity on the basis of isointensities with reference solutions. By means of activity-guided fractionation using ultrafiltration, gel permeation chromatography, and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography in combination with the sensory assay for STM activity assessment, a series of arginyl dipeptides, with RP, RA, AR, RG, RS, RV, VR, and RM being the most active, as well as l-arginine were found as salt taste enhancing molecules in fish protamine digests. For the first time, HPLC-MS/MS analysis on a PFP and a HILIC stationary phase, respectively, enabled the quantitative analysis of the arginyl peptides in a series of commercial and laboratory-made protein hydrolysates as well as fermented fish sauces.
Optical expert system based on matrix-algebraic formulation (1988)

This paper describes an expert system paradigm based on matrix algebra. The knowledge base of the expert system is stored in binary matrices, while the learning and inference processes are done by matrix algebra operations. This method is highly parallel and can take full advantage of the inherent parallelism and connectivity of optics. An optoelectronic architecture that implements this system is presented. In addition, the method is compared with the sequential search methods written in the programming language PROLOG to illustrate their differences and commonalities.
Practical Evaluation of a Cu Thick Film Multilayer System and Wire Bonding on Cu Conductors (1985)

In this study a multilayer hybrid circuit for high frequency digital systems using Cu conductors was fabricated. The available Cu pastes were evaluated in terms of their applicability and a complex multilayer interconnection circuit was realised and optimised using both the DuPont and Heraeus Cu thick film systems. Also, AI-1% Si wedge bonding on Cu thick film was investigated. The pull strengths were measured before and after ageing (high temperature storage). Results indicate that Al wire bonding on Cu is technologically feasible and gives no reliability problems.
Neurosymbolic Systems of Perception and Cognition: The Role of Attention (2022)

A cognitive architecture aimed at cumulative learning must provide the necessary information and control structures to allow agents to learn incrementally and autonomously from their experience. This involves managing an agent's goals as well as continuously relating sensory information to these in its perception-cognition information processing stack. The more varied the environment of a learning agent is, the more general and flexible must be these mechanisms to handle a wider variety of relevant patterns, tasks, and goal structures. While many researchers agree that information at different levels of abstraction likely differs in its makeup and structure and processing mechanisms, agreement on the particulars of such differences is not generally shared in the research community. A dual processing architecture (often referred to as <i>System-1</i> and <i>System-2)</i> has been proposed as a model of cognitive processing, and they are often considered as responsible for low- and high-level information, respectively. We posit that cognition is not binary in this way and that knowledge at <i>any</i> level of abstraction involves what we refer to as <i>neurosymbolic</i> information, meaning that data at both high and low levels must contain <i>both</i> symbolic and subsymbolic information. Further, we argue that the main differentiating factor between the processing of high and low levels of data abstraction can be largely attributed to the nature of the involved attention mechanisms. We describe the key arguments behind this view and review relevant evidence from the literature.
Security in transnational interoperable PPDR communications: Threats and requirements (2015)

The relevance of cross border security operations has been identified as a priority at European level for a long time. A European network where Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) forces share communications processes and a legal framework would greatly enforce response to disaster recovery and security against crime. Nevertheless, uncertainty on costs, timescale and functionalities have slowed down the interconnection of PPDR networks across countries and limited the transnational cooperation of their PPDR forces so far. In this context, the European research project ISITEP is aimed at developing the legal, operational and technical framework to achieve a cost effective solution for PPDR interoperability across European countries. Inter alia, ISITEP project is specifying a new Inter-System-Interface (ISI) interface for the interconnection of current TETRA and TETRAPOL networks that can be deployed over Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity. This approach turns communications security as a central aspect to consider when deploying the new IP ISI protocol between PPDR national networks. Ensuring that threats to the interconnected communications systems and terminals are sufficiently and appropriately reduced by technical, procedural and environmental countermeasures is vital to realise the trusted and secure communication system needed for the pursued PPDR transnational cooperation activities. In this context, this paper describes the framework and methodology defined to carry out the development of the security requirements and provides a discussion on the undertaken security risk and vulnerability analysis.
On Fienup Methods for Sparse Phase Retrieval (2017)

Alternating minimization, or Fienup methods, have a long history in phase retrieval. We provide new insights related to the empirical and theoretical analysis of these algorithms when used with Fourier measurements and combined with convex priors. In particular, we show that Fienup methods can be viewed as performing alternating minimization on a regularized nonconvex least-squares problem with respect to amplitude measurements. Furthermore, we prove that under mild additional structural assumptions on the prior (semialgebraicity), the sequence of signal estimates has a smooth convergent behavior toward a critical point of the nonconvex regularized least-squares objective. Finally, we propose an extension to Fienup techniques, based on a projected gradient descent interpretation and acceleration using inertial terms. We demonstrate experimentally that this modification combined with an ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> prior constitutes a competitive approach for sparse phase retrieval.
An assessment of long‐term food habits of Tsavo elephants based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen (1989)

SUMMARY Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen from elephants that died in the Tsavo National Park, Kenya, between 1975 and 1980, were determined in an attempt to establish possible changes in past diets. Individuals ranged from one to fifty years old at the time of death, and possessed a mean δ 13 C value of ‐ 18‐4 ± 018 and a mean δ 15 N value of 13‐8±018. These values for carbon were independent of age at the time of death, which suggests that these elephants assimilated similar proportions of C 3 (shrub and tree) and C 4 (grass) vegetation during the sixty‐year period covered by these specimens. Faecal analyses showed high interindividual variation in the proportion of C 3 /C 4 food eaten, but the mean intake was similar (around 75% trees and shrubs) to that estimated from the isotopic composition of bone collagen. These data suggest that in the Tsavo National Park, elephants have maintained similar proportions of C 3 and C 4 vegetation in their diet over the past fifty years even though woodlands were being converted to grasslands. We suggest that this resulted from the high mobility of elephants or immigrations of individuals from similar woodland areas. Résumé On a déterminé le taux d'isotopes de carbone et d'azote dans le collagéne osseux des éléphants morts au Pare National du Tsavo (Kenya) entre 1975 et 1980 pour relever d'éventuels changements dans les régimes alimentaires entérieurs. Les individus furent classés de un à cinquante ans selon l'âge de leur mort et possédaient un delta 13 C moyen de ‐18‐4 ± 0–18, etun δ 15 Nde 13.8 ± 0–18. Pour le carbone, ces valeurs étaient indépendantes de l'âge au moment de la mort, laissant supposer que ces éléphants ont absorbé des proportions semblables de végétation de type C 3 (arbres et arbustes) et C 4 (plantes herbacées) durant toute la période de soixante ans où ont vécu ces individus. L'analyse des excréments montrait de grandes variations individuelles dans la rapport C 3 /C 4 mais la consommation moyenne était similaire (environ 75% d'arbres et arbustes) à celle qui avait été estimée à partir de la composition en isotopes du collagène osseux. Ces données suggèrent qu'au Tsavo, les éléphants ont conserveé un régime alimentaire de composition similaire en type C 3 et C 4 durant les cinquante dernières années, même lorsque les régions boisees se sont transformées en savanes herbeuses. Nous suggérons que ceci est le résultat soit d'une grande mobilityé des éléphants, soit de l'immigration d'individus provenant de régions boisées semblables.
Cubic meter volume optical coherence tomography (2016)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful three-dimensional (3D) imaging modality with micrometer-scale axial resolution and up to multi-GigaVoxel/s imaging speed. However, the imaging range of high-speed OCT has been limited. Here, we report 3D OCT over cubic meter volumes using a long coherence length, 1310 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and silicon photonic integrated circuit dual-quadrature receiver technology combined with enhanced signal processing. We achieved 15 µm depth resolution for tomographic imaging at a 100 kHz axial scan rate over a 1.5 m range. We show 3D macroscopic imaging examples of a human mannequin, bicycle, machine shop gauge blocks, and a human skull/brain model. High-bandwidth, meter-range OCT demonstrates new capabilities that promise to enable a wide range of biomedical, scientific, industrial, and research applications.
Aluminum-Line Cutting End-Monitor Utilizing Scanning-Ion-Microscope Voltage-Contrast Images (1985)

A focused-ion-beam has been preliminarily applied for aluminum-line cutting. It was found that a voltage-contrast in scanning-ion-microscope images is very useful for end-monitoring of cutting.
Evaluation of Spatial Gamut Mapping Algorithms (2006)

We propose an independent evaluation of Spatial Gamut Mapping Algorithms (SGMAs) by a psychophysical experiment comparing five gamut mapping algorithms, two point-wise and three spatially adaptive applied to fifteen images. Results show that reproduction from SGMAs were rated best, and indicate that among SGMAs, observers attached more importance to the preservation of saturation and of global contrast than to the rendering of details. The results of these psychophysical experiments are then compared to selected Image Quality Metrics (IQMs) to investigate their possible utilization in the implementation and evaluation of new GMAs. The comparison demonstrates that while IQMs do not present a conclusive correlation, they are still able to extract useful information about the local distortion caused by the gamut mapping algorithms.
Expression of gp19K increases the persistence of transgene expression from an adenovirus vector in the mouse lung and liver (1997)

Activation of the cellular immune system and subsequent lysis of vector-transduced cells by adenovirus- or transgene-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been shown to limit transgene expression in animal models. The adenovirus gp19K gene product associates with major histocompatibility complex class I proteins and prevents their maturation by sequestering them in the endoplasmic reticulum. gp19K has been shown to block the ability of adenovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize virus-infected cells in vitro. To determine if gp19K expression in an adenovirus vector would increase transgene persistence, a vector that replaces the E1 region of adenovirus with an expression cassette encoding both gp19K and beta-glucuronidase was constructed. This vector produced high levels of functional gp19K in infected cells. RNase protection analysis revealed efficient expression of the gp19K gene in the mouse lung. Enhanced persistence and increased beta-glucuronidase activity were observed in the lung and liver following delivery of the gp19K-expressing adenovirus vector in B10.HTG mice but not in BALB/c mice. Since gp19K binds to both class I alleles on B10.HTG mice but only one allele on BALB/c mice, these results suggest that the major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype of mice is important in determining the effectiveness of gp19K in vivo. Since gp19K has previously been shown to interact with every human major histocompatibility complex class I allele tested, the inclusion of gp19K in gene therapy vectors may increase vector persistence in human gene therapy trials.
Controlling the Thermoelectric Properties of Thiophene-Derived Single-Molecule Junctions (2014)

Thermoelectrics are famously challenging to optimize, because of inverse coupling of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, both of which control the thermoelectric power factor. Inorganic–organic interfaces provide a promising route for realization of the strong electrical and thermal asymmetries required for thermoelectrics. In this work, transport properties of inorganic–organic interfaces are probed and understood at the molecular scale using the STM-break junction measurement technique, theory, and a class of newly synthesized molecules. We synthesized a series of disubstituted thiophene derivatives varying the length of alkylthio-linkers and the number of thiophene rings. These molecules allow the systematic tuning of electronic resonances within the junction. We observed that these molecules have a decreasing Seebeck coefficient with increasing length of the alkyl chain, while oligothiophene junctions show an increasing Seebeck coefficient with length. We find that thiophene–Au junctions have significantly higher Seebeck coefficients, compared to benzenedithiol (in the range of 7–15 μV/K). A minimal tight-binding model, including a gateway state associated with the S–Au bond, captures and explains both trends. This work identifies S–Au gateway states as being important and potentially tunable features of junction electronic structure for enhancing the power factor of organic/inorganic interfaces.
Abstract 16282: Coronary Fibromuscular Dysplasia Angiographic Manifestations (2015)

Background: We previously described a strong association between fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). Angiographic manifestation of coronary FMD aside from dissection was reported to be rare. However, we observed several non-dissection coronary angiographic abnormalities in patients with multifocal FMD. Methods: Baseline demographics and imaging of patients with suspected non-dissection coronary FMD at Vancouver General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Presence of multifocal FMD in non-coronary territories was confirmed by 3 specialists. Coronary angiograms with suspected coronary FMD changes (excluding dissected segments) were reviewed and classified by 2 experienced angiographers for: (1) irregular stenosis (beading) - multiple areas of stenosis in a focal or diffuse pattern and with/without systolic accentuation, (2) smooth stenosis - diffuse or focal, (3) segmental dilatation/ectasia, and (4) tortuosity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), if performed, were reviewed by 2 specialists. Results: Of 28 patients with multifocal FMD and suspected coronary involvement on angiography, 23 were women (82.1%), mean age was 58.6 ± 9.5, and mean BMI was 24.6. Sixteen presented with myocardial infarction (10 due to SCAD), 12 underwent angiography for stable or atypical angina. The observed coronary angiographic abnormalities were: irregular stenosis (beading) in 14 (12 diffuse, 2 focal, 3 with systolic accentuation), smooth stenosis in 6 (4 diffuse, 2 focal), segmental dilatation/ectasia in 14 (majority with multi-segmental, diffuse enlargement in an entire vessel), and tortuosity in 25 cases. Fourteen patients had OCT of the abnormal segments showing abnormalities distinct from atherosclerosis. These included multiple areas of patchy or diffuse intimal, medial or adventitial abnormalities with disorganized fibrotic thickening, proteoglycan accumulation, macrophage infiltration, loss of elastic membranes, and cavitation. Conclusions: This is the first case series describing angiographic manifestations of coronary FMD, which can be categorized into irregular stenosis, smooth stenosis, dilatation and tortuosity, representing features that are additional to dissection.
Tetrakis(thione)platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, crystal structures, and in vitro cytotoxicity (2015)

A new series of platinum(II) complexes based on thione ligands with general formula [Pt(thione)4]X2 (X− = Cl−, NO3−) has been synthesized and characterized using CHNS elemental analysis, infrared, 1H and 13C solution-state NMR as well as 13C and 15N solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The spectroscopic methods confirm the coordination of Pt(II) with thiocarbonyl groups via sulfur of the thione ligands. The X-ray structures showed a distorted square planar geometry for 1, [Pt(MeImt)4]Cl2 (MeImt = N-Methylimidazolidine-2-thione) while the hydrogen bonding interactions in 7, [Pt(iPrImt)4](NO3)2·0.6(H2O) induce a bent see-saw distortion relative to the ideal square planar geometry. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that 2, [Pt(EtImt)4]Cl2 is generally the most effective, a two-fold better cytotoxic agent than cisplatin and carboplatin against MCF7 (human breast cancer).
Mild and Rapid Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Hydrazine in Continuous Flow: Application to the Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles (2013)

Minimizing risk: The synthesis of arylhydrazines through CN cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with hydrazine is described. Through the use of continuous flow, the hazards associated with the use of hydrazine in the presence of transition metals are decreased. In addition, multistep flow sequences have also been developed for the generation of functionalized heterocycles utilizing the arylhydrazine intermediates.