gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Different Perspective on Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Reveals Unique Color and Polarization Changes (2020)

Planar cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are well known for having vibrant reflective coloration that is associated with the handedness and the pitch length of the helicoidal twist of the liquid crystalline molecules. If one observes these films at oblique angles, the reflected colors blue-shift with increasing angles from normal. On the other hand, uniform lying helix (ULH) CLCs, where the helicoidal axis lies in the plane of the substrate, are well-known but are not typically associated with vibrant colors. Here, we examine the unique optical properties of CLCs at oblique incidence angles, specifically the spectral and polarization changes associated with switching between planar and ULH CLCs for various incidence angles. At small angles of incidence (0° < ψ < 45°, where ψ is the angle of incidence relative to the surface normal at the substrate-CLC interface), the electrically driven helical reorientation from planar to ULH results in a blue-shifting of the color and circularly polarized to unpolarized switching behavior. At large angles (45° < ψ < 90°), the behavior is reversed, with a red-shifting color change occurring and the polarization switching from unpolarized to circularly polarized. Modeling of the light propagation through ULH CLCs is used to confirm the change in position and polarization characteristic of the reflection band with incidence angle observed experimentally. This study provides a new perspective on ULH CLCs and reveals a unique reconfigurable angular chromaticity.
Introduction of Metoprolol Increases Plasma B-Type Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides in Mild, Stable Heart Failure (2006)

Plasma cardiac natriuretic peptide levels increase significantly with the introduction of metoprolol in heart failure as a result of effects on secretion and clearance. Natriuretic responses to NP infusions are sustained with beta-blockade despite reduced renal perfusion pressure. Clinicians should be aware that the introduction of metoprolol causes a rise in plasma BNP/NTproBNP that is unrelated to deterioration in clinical status and must be considered when measurements are undertaken for risk stratification or titration of treatment.
Characterization of the 5'-terminal capped structures of late simian virus 40-specific mRNA (1978)

32P-labeled, late simian virus 40-specific RNA was isoalted from infected CV1 cells and completely degraded with RNase T2 and bacterial alkaline phosphatase. The RNase-resistant material was fractionated two dimensionally and further characterized with Penicillium nuclease and nucleotide pyrophosphatase. Two major 5' termini were identified in late simian virus 40 RNA, namely, 7-methyl Gppp 2',6-dimethyl ApUp and 7-methyl Gppp 2',6-dimethyl Ap 2'-methyl, UpUp. Both 5' termini are present in unfractionated viral RNA as well as in the separated 16S and 19S species. As both caps differ only in secondary modification, it is possible that they are derived from the same site on the DNA. The relatively higher cap II content of the 16S mRNA may be related to its slower rate of turnover.
The Effects of Imatinib on the Function of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells Are Mediated Via the Inhibition of Akt and NF-kappaB Signal Transduction Pathways. (2004)

Abstract Imatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor effective against Abl kinases, c-Kit and platelet-derived growth-factor receptor (PDGF-R) and is currently used for the treatment of patients with CML and GIST. However, little is known about the effects of imatinib on function and differentiation of non-transformed normal cells. Using this compound, we show that human monocyte derived DC generated in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of imatinib show a concentration dependent reduced expression of CD1a, HLA and co-stimulatory molecules as well as decreased activation-induced secretion of chemokines and cytokines involved in T cell activation. Moreover, exposure to imatinib reduces the capacity of DC to prime T cell responses that cannot be restored by the addition of IL-12 and which is not due to induction of apoptosis or IL-10 secretion. Using Western blot analyses we found that these effects are mediated by a pronounced downregulation of nuclear localized protein levels of NF-kB family members RelB, RelA and NF-kB p50. Furthermore, imatinib treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, indicating the involvement of the PI3 kinase pathways while not affecting the phosphorylation state of p38 and ERK1 MAP kinase. In line with these results, incubation of monocytes with PI3 kinase inhibitors resulted in a similar phenotype of DC as described above. Gene expression profiling utilizing DNA microarrays revealed upregulation of lysosomal genes and molecules preferentially expressed in monocytes/macrophages. However, in contrast to these observations, imatinib treatment had no effect on the incorporation of latex beads by DC and resulted in a reduced FITC-labeled dextran uptake. Importantly, utilizing blocking antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors we demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of imatinib on DC differentiation are not mediated by PDGF-R and c-Kit but most likely via c-Abl tyrosine kinase. These results demonstrate that imatinib affects the antigen presenting function of DC on several levels: their phenotype, antigen uptake and processing as well as production of cytokines and chemokines.
Inkjet printing technology for increasing the I/O density of 3D TSV interposers (2017)

Interposers with through-silicon vias (TSVs) play a key role in the three-dimensional integration and packaging of integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems. In the current practice of fabricating interposers, solder balls are placed next to the vias; however, this approach requires a large foot print for the input/output (I/O) connections. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the possibility of placing the solder balls directly on top of the vias, thereby enabling a smaller pitch between the solder balls and an increased density of the I/O connections. To reach this goal, inkjet printing (that is, piezo and super inkjet) was used to successfully fill and planarize hollow metal TSVs with a dielectric polymer. The under bump metallization (UBM) pads were also successfully printed with inkjet technology on top of the polymer-filled vias, using either Ag or Au inks. The reliability of the TSV interposers was investigated by a temperature cycling stress test (-40 °C to +125 °C). The stress test showed no impact on DC resistance of the TSVs; however, shrinkage and delamination of the polymer was observed, along with some micro-cracks in the UBM pads. For proof of concept, SnAgCu-based solder balls were jetted on the UBM pads.
Assessment of bias in experimentally measured diffusion tensor imaging parameters using SIMEX (2012)

Diffusion tensor imaging enables in vivo investigation of tissue cytoarchitecture through parameter contrasts sensitive to water diffusion barriers at the micrometer level. Parameters are derived through an estimation process that is susceptible to noise and artifacts. Estimated parameters (e.g., fractional anisotropy) exhibit both variability and bias relative to the true parameter value estimated from a hypothetical noise-free acquisition. Herein, we present the use of the simulation and extrapolation (SIMEX) approach for post hoc assessment of bias in a massively univariate imaging setting and evaluate the potential of a SIMEX-based bias correction. Using simulated data with known truth models, spatially varying fractional anisotropy bias error maps are evaluated on two independent and highly differentiated case studies. The stability of SIMEX and its distributional properties are further evaluated on 42 empirical diffusion tensor imaging datasets. Using gradient subsampling, an empirical experiment with a known true outcome is designed and SIMEX performance is compared to the original estimator. With this approach, we find SIMEX bias estimates to be highly accurate offering significant reductions in parameter bias for individual datasets and greater accuracy in averaged population-based estimates.
Data from A Randomized Phase II Preoperative Study of Autophagy Inhibition with High-Dose Hydroxychloroquine and Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;We hypothesized that autophagy inhibition would increase response to chemotherapy in the preoperative setting for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Participants with potentially resectable tumors were randomized to two cycles of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine (PG) alone or with hydroxychloroquine (PGH), followed by resection. The primary endpoint was histopathologic response in the resected specimen. Secondary clinical endpoints included serum CA 19-9 biomarker response and margin negative R0 resection. Exploratory endpoints included markers of autophagy, immune infiltrate, and serum cytokines.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Thirty-four patients in the PGH arm and 30 in the PG arm were evaluable for the primary endpoint. The PGH arm demonstrated statistically improved Evans grade histopathologic responses (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.00016), compared with control. In patients with elevated CA 19-9, a return to normal was associated with improved overall and recurrence-free survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences in serious adverse events between arms and chemotherapy dose number was equivalent. The PGH arm had greater evidence of autophagy inhibition in their resected specimens (increased SQSTM1, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027, as well as increased immune cell tumor infiltration, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033). Overall survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.59) and relapse-free survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.55) did not differ between the two arms.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The addition of hydroxychloroquine to preoperative gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma resulted in greater pathologic tumor response, improved serum biomarker response, and evidence of autophagy inhibition and immune activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nearby contours abolish the binocular advantage (2021)

That binocular viewing confers an advantage over monocular viewing for detecting isolated low luminance or low contrast objects, has been known for well over a century; however, the processes involved in combining the images from the two eyes are still not fully understood. Importantly, in natural vision, objects are rarely isolated but appear in context. It is well known that nearby contours can either facilitate or suppress detection, depending on their distance from the target and the global configuration. Here we report that at close distances collinear (but not orthogonal) flanking contours suppress detection more under binocular compared to monocular viewing, thus completely abolishing the binocular advantage, both at threshold and suprathreshold levels. In contrast, more distant flankers facilitate both monocular and binocular detection, preserving a binocular advantage up to about four times the detection threshold. Our results for monocular and binocular viewing, for threshold contrast discrimination without nearby flankers, can be explained by a gain control model with uncertainty and internal multiplicative noise adding additional constraints on detection. However, in context with nearby flankers, both contrast detection threshold and suprathreshold contrast appearance matching require the addition of both target-to-target and flank-to-target interactions occurring before the site of binocular combination. To test an alternative model, in which the interactions occur after the site of binocular combination, we performed a dichoptic contrast matching experiment, with the target presented to one eye, and the flanks to the other eye. The two models make very different predictions for abutting flanks under dichoptic conditions. Interactions after the combination site predict that the perceived contrast of the flanked target will be strongly suppressed, while interactions before the site predict the perceived contrast will be more or less veridical. The data are consistent with the latter model, strongly suggesting that the interactions take place before the site of binocular combination.
<title>MPEG-4 systems systems</title> (2001)

MPEG-4 is a standardization effort under the auspices of ISO being developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), the committee that also developed the Emmy Award-winning standards known as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. MPEG-4 addresses the "generic coding of audio-visual objects." In contrast to all other existing audio or video representation standards, MPEG-4 adopts an object-based approach for content description: the content is assumed to be constructed out of individual and independent entities called objects, which are coded and transmitted separately. These objects include, for example, rectangular or arbitrarily shaped natural video, graphics, text, natural or synthetic audio, and even face or body animations. MPEG-4 has defined a number of representation tools to address the coding needs of a large variety of media. Coding of such objects, however, is only the first step into constructing a complete multimedia scene. Additional information is needed in order to: 1) describe how these objects should be placed in space and time, 2) how they may interact with each other and the end-user, 3) how to multiplex all this information into one or more streams for delivery over a variety of networks, and 4) ensure proper synchronization among the various streams. This information is the realm of the MPEG-4 Systems specification (Part 1 of the MPEG-4 standard), which is also responsible for the overall architectural definition of MPEG-4. We describe the key features of the MPEG-4 Systems (ISO 14496-1) specification and their encoding methodology: scene description and BIFS, animation streams, object descriptors, the sync layer, object content information, as well as multiplexing. We also describe currently available products using MPEG-4, as well as early product prototypes still in the development stage.
Adaptive Speed Observers for Sensorless Control of Induction Motors : A New Criterion of Stability (2006)

International audience
Diamine Oxidase Activity in Human Tumors: Clinical and Biologic Significance (2018)

This chapter discusses the relationship of diamine oxidase (DAO) activity to the cell populations present in certain human tumors, to the normal cell types from which the tumors may arise, and to the clinical monitoring of such neoplasms. The interest in DAO in tumor tissues probably can be traced back to original findings of Ahlmark and Danforth and Gorham concerning high activities of the enzyme in the circulation and placenta of humans and other mammalian species. In the early 1970s, using specific radioassays with either histamine and/or putrescine as substrates, high DAO activity was found to be a consistent property of the human endocrine tumor, medullary thyroid carcinoma. In medullary thyroid carcinoma and lung cancers, increased DAO activity was also found in metastases as compared to surrounding normal tissue. The enzyme activity was increased not only in the tissues, but in the circulation of some patients with this cancer, and predominantly in those patients known to have metastatic disease.
Three-dimensional Nickel(II) Heptacyanomolybdate(III)-based Magnet (2009)

Abstract Herein we prepared a three-dimensional nickel heptacyanomolybdate-based magnet, K0.6NiII1.7[MoIII(CN)7]·5.5H2O·0.5CH3OH. This compound exhibited magnetic ordering with a Curie temperature of 28 K due to ferromagnetic coupling between magnetic spins on NiII (S=1) and MoIII (S=1⁄2).
An essential role for gp39, the ligand for CD40, in thymic selection. (1995)

The interactions between CD40 on B cells and its ligand gp39 on activated T helper cells are known to be essential for the development of thymus-dependent humoral immunity. However, CD40 is also functionally expressed on thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells, suggesting that gp39-CD40 interactions may also play a role in thymic education, the process by which self-reactive cells are deleted from the T cell repertoire. Six systems of negative selection were studied for their reliance on gp39-CD40 interactions to mediate negative selection. In all cases, when the antigen/superantigen was endogenously expressed (in contrast to exogenously administered), negative selection was blocked by loss of gp39 function. Specifically, blockade of gp39-CD40 interactions prevented the deletion of thymocytes expressing V beta 3, V beta 11, and V beta 12, specificities normally deleted in BALB/c mice because of the endogenous expression of minor lymphocyte-stimulating determinants. Independent verification of a role of gp39 in negative selection was provided by studies in gp39-deficient mice where alterations in T cell receptor (TCR) V beta expression were also observed. Studies were also performed in the AND TCR transgenic (Tg) mice, which bear the V alpha 11, V beta 3 TCR and recognize both pigeon cytochrome c (PCC)/IEk and H-2As. Neonatal administration of anti-gp39 to AND TCR Tg mice that endogenously express H-2As or endogenously produce PCC prevented the deletion of TCR Tg T cells. In contrast, deletion mediated by high-dose PCC peptide antigen (administered exogenously) in AND TCR mice was unaltered by administration of anti-gp39. In addition, deletion by Staphylococcus enterotoxin B in conventional mice was also unaffected by anti-gp39 administration. gp39 expression was induced on thymocytes by mitogens or by antigen on TCR Tg thymocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of B7-2 expression in the thymus indicated that, in the absence of gp39, B7-2 expression was substantially reduced. Taken together, these data suggest that gp39 may influence negative selection through the regulation of costimulatory molecule expression. Moreover, the data support the hypothesis that, for negative selection to some endogenously produced antigens, negative selection may be dependent on TCR engagement and costimulation.
Heterogeneity in tertiary lymphoid structure B-cells correlates with patient survival in metastatic melanoma (2021)

The presence of TLS in CMMs is associated with improved OS in patients treated with surgery before CBT, but TLS vary widely in maturation state, in proportions of proliferating T and B cells, and in markers of B cell function, including AID and CD21. Importantly, these features have additional prognostic significance, which suggest that some TLS may have regulatory function, while others functioning to support antigen-driven immune responses, depending on the cellular composition and activation status.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkyl‐ and Aryl‐Substituted Pyridines from (α,β ‐Unsaturated) Imines or Oximes and Carbonyl Compounds. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Database tuning advisor for microsoft SQL server 2005 (2005)

Database Tuning Advisor (DTA) is a physical database design tool that is part of Microsoft's SQL Server 2005 relational database management system. Previously known as "Index Tuning Wizard" in SQL Server 7.0 and SQL Server 2000, DTA adds new functionality that is not available in other contemporary physical design tuning tools. Novel aspects of DTA that will be demonstrated include: (a) Ability to take into account both performance and manageability requirements of DBAs (b) Fully integrated recommendations for indexes, materialized views and horizontal partitioning (c) Transparently leverage a test server to offload tuning load from production server and (d) Easy programmability and scriptability.
Study of Histopathological and Molecular Changes of Rat Kidney under Simulated Weightlessness and Resistance Training Protective Effect (2011)

To explore the effects of long-term weightlessness on the renal tissue, we used the two months tail suspension model to simulate microgravity and investigated the simulated microgravity on the renal morphological damages and related molecular mechanisms. The microscopic examination of tissue structure and ultrastructure was carried out for histopathological changes of renal tissue morphology. The immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms associated the observations. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed severe pathological kidney lesions including glomerular atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in two months tail-suspended rats. Ultrastructural studies of the renal tubular epithelial cells demonstrated that basal laminas of renal tubules were rough and incrassate with mitochondria swelling and vacuolation. Cell apoptosis in kidney monitored by the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 accompanied these pathological damages caused by long-term microgravity. Analysis of the HSP70 protein expression illustrated that overexpression of HSP70 might play a crucial role in inducing those pathological damages. Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), one of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, was up-regulated significantly in the kidney of tail suspension rat, which implied that ER-stress was associated with apoptosis. Furthermore, CHOP and caspase-12 pathways were activated in ER-stress induced apoptosis. Resistance training not only reduced kidney cell apoptosis and expression of HSP70 protein, it also can attenuate the kidney impairment imposed by weightlessness. The appropriate optimization might be needed for the long term application for space exploration.