gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlorine Doping of Amorphous TiO2 for Increased Capacity and Faster Li+-Ion Storage (2017)

Titania (TiO2) offers a high theoretical capacity of 336 mAh g–1 with the insertion of one Li per Ti unit. Unfortunately, the poor ionic and electronic conductivity of bulk TiO2 electrodes limits its practical implementation. Nanosizing titania below ∼20 nm has shown to increase the rate performance and accessible capacity but still not more than 75% of the theoretical capacity at 1 C. In this work, we discovered that chlorine doping of amorphous TiO2 (TiO2–xCl2x) can achieve a high capacity without the need for nanosizing. By in situ doping during atomic layer deposition, an unprecedented 90% of the theoretical capacity was achieved at 1 C for 100 nm thick films. Even at a charging rate of 20 C, 40% of the maximum capacity was accessible for the film with highest Cl-content (x = 0.088). The capacity was found linearly dependent on the chloride content for a Cl/Ti atomic ratio from 0.06 to 0.09. The enhanced insertion kinetics are ascribed to enhanced electronic conductivity and facilitated Li+-ion diffusion as a result of Cl-doping. Furthermore, the potential of TiO2–xCl2x films as high rate anode were demonstrated on micropillar electrodes in a half-cell configuration using a liquid electrolyte solution, showing 10 times higher capacity at 10 C compared to the literature.
Defect dispositioning using mask printability analysis on alternating phase-shifting masks (2002)

In this paper, the simulation of wafer images for Alternating Aperture Phase Shift Masks is addressed by comparing wafer printing image with simulation. This is the first accuracy study for Virtual Stepper's newly developed AAPSM simulation module. The test reticle used includes 70 nm gate structures with three types of programmed phase defects: edge, corner, and center defects on rectangular shifter patterns. Wafer exposures are performed using 193 nm imaging technology and inspection images generated on a KLA-Tencor's SLF27 system. These images are used by the Virtual Stepper System to provide simulated wafer images using the specified stepper parameters. The results are compared to the simulation results from the Aerial Image Measurement System (AIMSTM) and SEM images of resist patterns.
Colloidal Crystal “Alloys” (2019)

Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA has emerged as a powerful tool for precisely controlling the arrangement of nanoscale building blocks in three-dimensional superlattices, where nanoparticles densely modified with DNA can be viewed as "programmable atom equivalents" (PAEs). Although a wide variety of complementary DNA-modified nanoparticles, differentiated by size, shape, and composition, have been assembled into many "ionic" phases, the predictable formation of "alloy" phases remains elusive. Here, we describe the design of "colloidal crystal alloys" by combining gold PAEs of two different sizes (core diameters ranging from 5 to 40 nm) with complementary DNA-modified 2 nm gold nanoparticles (∼15 DNA strands/particle) that act as electron equivalents (EEs). Electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments reveal the formation of four classes of colloidal alloy equivalents: interstitial, substitutional, phase-separated, and intermetallic alloys. In these colloidal alloy phases, PAEs occupy lattice positions, while EEs stabilize the PAE lattice but do not occupy specific lattice sites. A set of chemical design guidelines emerge from this study, analogous to that of the Hume-Rothery rules, allowing for programmed synthesis of different alloy phases depending on PAE particle size ratio, DNA surface coverage, stoichiometric ratio, and thermal annealing pathways. Furthermore, we study the phase separation process via <i>in situ</i> SAXS experiments as well as <i>ex situ</i> electron microscopy, revealing the critical role of kinetics on the phase behavior in these systems.
Technique and nuances of an S-2 alar iliac screw for lumbosacral fixation in patients with transitional and normal anatomy (2016)

S-2 alar iliac (S2AI) screw fixation has recently been recognized as a useful technique for pelvic fixation. The authors demonstrate two cases where S2AI fixation was indicated: one case was a sacral insufficiency fracture following a long-segment fusion in a patient with a transitional S-1 vertebra; the other case involved pseudarthrosis following lumbosacral fixation. S2AI screws offer rigid fixation, low profile, and allow easy connection to the lumbosacral rod. The authors describe and demonstrate the surgical technique and nuances for the S2AI screw in a case with transitional S-1 anatomy and in a case with normal S-1 anatomy. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/Sj21lk13_aw .
Microsystèmes : applications et mise en œuvre (2005)

Les microsystèmes sont des dispositifs multifonctionnels miniaturisés intelligents, qui associent des éléments mécaniques, optiques, électromagnétiques, thermiques et fluidiques à de l’électronique. Leur capacité à assurer des fonctions de capteurs pouvant identifier des paramètres physiques de leur environnement (pression, accélération&nbsp;...) leur assure un très bel avenir. L’article traite des microsystèmes, de sa conception à sa fabrication et assemblage, jusqu’à ses principales applications.
Power Allocation for ARQ Two-Hop Cooperative Networks for Ultra-Reliable Communication (2020)

We analyze the performance of amplify-and-forward (AF) automatic repeat request (ARQ) for a two-hop cooperative system with reliability constrains. For this setup, we first derive the closed-form outage probability expression. Next, we present a power allocation scheme that allows us to achieve a target outage probability, while minimizing the outage-weighted average power expenditure for asymmetric power allocation between the source and relay. This is cast as an optimization problem, and the optimal power allocation (OPA) is obtained in closed form by invoking the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. We evaluate numerically the OPA strategy between different AFARQ transmission rounds and we show that the proposed scheme provides large power gains with respect to the optimized point-to-point ARQ scheme, as well as with respect to the equal power allocation (EPA) strategy.
S551 Loss of Bifidobacteria in Lyme Disease: Cause or Effect (2022)

Introduction: Lyme disease is a poorly understood condition which starts with a rash but may continue with chronic fatigue and neurological symptoms. Approximately 1 in 5 early Lyme disease patients have GI symptoms, such as nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. Lyme disease is thought to be cased by microbes in the spirochetes phylum transmitted by black legged ticks. Lyme-related healthcare costs in America exceed 1.3 billion dollars annually. Bifidobacteria are known for their beneficial probiotic actions within the human gut microbiome. Their numbers are reduced in severe COVID-19, Clostridioides difficile infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. To our knowledge Bifidobacteria levels have not been studied in Lyme disease patients. Given the importance of Bifidobacterium abundance in other diseases, we focused on relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in fecal samples of patients with Lyme disease compared to controls. Methods: Fecal samples were assessed for relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in Healthy Control subjects without Lyme disease (n=20) compared to patients with Lyme disease (n=39). The average symptom duration in patients with Lyme disease was 5 years and none were on antibiotics 2 weeks prior to sample collection (range of symptoms from 1 month to 20 years, all treated initially with antibiotics).Metagenomics Next Generation sequencing was performed on fecal samples, where DNA samples were extracted and normalized for library downstream analysis using Shotgun Methodology. Mann-Whitney Statistical test was used for comparison. This study was IRB approved. Results: Relative Abundance of bifidobacteria was significantly decreased (p< 0.0001) in patients with Lyme disease. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were: Control (Median:4.175%; IQR:1.72-10.27%) and Lyme disease (Median:0.0014%; IQR:0.00%-0.96%)(Figure). 30/39 Lyme disease patients (77%) were found to possess < 1% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in their stool sample. Of interest only 1/39 samples showed presence of Spirochetes in stool samples. Conclusion: This is the first study that demonstrates low levels of Bifidobacteria in patients with chronic Lyme disease. These results raise three questions; whether the disease was caused by 1. the original microbe creating loss of Bifidobacterium 2. baseline low Bifidobacteria due likely to either diet or medications or 3. excessive treatment. Given Lyme disease comprises a gut dysbiosis issue, therapies should also aim at restoration of depleted Bifidobacteria.Figure 1.: Lyme disease subjects have significantly (p<0.001) reduced relative abundance of genus bifidobacterium.
Multi-objective optimization of MIMO antennas for dual-band user devices (2011)

This paper presents the use of multi-objective optimization when designing a dual-antenna system for MIMO application. As a study case, a user device is selected operating within two separate frequency bands, namely 750-800 MHz and 2.5-2.7 GHz. The MIMO performance of such an antenna system depends strongly on the antenna efficiency in a noise-limited environment but also on the correlation between the antenna branch signals. The antennas also share space with other components in a user device, which puts restrictions on the occupied area. This leads to conflicting requirements that are handled with a multi-objective optimization procedure.
Wholebody Clearance Of Three 89Zr Labeled Antibodies:Differences between PET based and Whole Body Probe Based Clearance (2015)

1275 Objectives For dosimetry,it is important to obtain whole body(WB) clearance data for the radiolabeled antibody that is being tested.We have been using both WB probe based and PET based clearance data.The aim of this study was to compare WB clearance data for 3 novel radiolabeled antibodies using probe based vs PET based measurements. Methods We compared 10 patients injected with 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab,10 with 89Zr-DFO-huJ591, and 6 with 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A(~5mCi). WB clearance was calculated based on background subtracted geometric mean counts from NaI(Tl) probe.PET based clearance was calculated by integrating total activity in all serial PET images.Probe measurements were made pre and post-void and on 3 additional days over an 8 day period.Data were fit to a single exponential and T1/2 effective was obtained.Probe measurements were compared to PET measurements using Bland-Altman analysis. Results The coefficient of variation for the effective half-live (Teff) as measured by PET and WB probe was less than 10% for all antibodies. PET and WB probe based estimates of Teff were not significantly different for 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab and 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A (p=0.25 and p=0.17), but were 7% higher for PET based measurements for 89Zr-DFO-huJ591 (p Conclusions Estimates of WBclearance for 89Zr-antibodies based on either probe or PET images generally show only small differences.Systematic differences may occur if activity is over time concentrated in the field of view of the PET camera as observed in the present study for 89Zr-DFO-huJ591.
A three-dimensional model of the human blood-brain barrier to analyse the transport of nanoparticles and astrocyte/endothelial interactions (2016)

<ns4:p> The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human blood-brain barrier <ns4:italic>in vitro</ns4:italic> , which mimics the cellular architecture of the CNS and could be used to analyse the delivery of nanoparticles to cells of the CNS. The model includes human astrocytes set in a collagen gel, which is overlaid by a monolayer of human brain endothelium (hCMEC/D3 cell line). The model was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A collagenase digestion method could recover the two cell types separately at 92-96% purity. Astrocytes grown in the gel matrix do not divide and they have reduced expression of aquaporin-4 and the endothelin receptor, type B compared to two-dimensional cultures, but maintain their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The effects of conditioned media from these astrocytes on the barrier phenotype of the endothelium was compared with media from astrocytes grown conventionally on a two-dimensional (2D) substratum. Both induce the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hCMEC/D3 cells, but there was no difference between the induced expression levels by the two media. The model has been used to assess the transport of glucose-coated 4nm gold nanoparticles and for leukocyte migration. TEM was used to trace and quantitate the movement of the nanoparticles across the endothelium and into the astrocytes. This blood-brain barrier model is very suitable for assessing delivery of nanoparticles and larger biomolecules to cells of the CNS, following transport across the endothelium. </ns4:p>
Upadacitinib pharmacokinetics and exposure‐response analyses of efficacy and safety in psoriatic arthritis patients – Analyses of phase III clinical trials (2021)

Upadacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The efficacy and safety profile of upadacitinib in PsA have been established in the SELECT-PsA program in two global phase III studies, which evaluated upadacitinib 15 and 30 mg q.d. The analyses described here characterized upadacitinib pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationships for efficacy and safety endpoints using data from the SELECT-PsA studies. Upadacitinib pharmacokinetics in patients with PsA were characterized through a Bayesian population analysis approach and were comparable to pharmacokinetics in patients with RA. Exposure-response relationships for key efficacy and safety endpoints were characterized using data from 1916 patients with PsA. The percentage of patients achieving efficacy endpoints at week 12 (American College of Rheumatology [ACR]50 and ACR70), 16 and 24 (sIGA0/1) increased with increasing upadacitinib average plasma concentration over a dosing interval, whereas no clear exposure-response trend was observed for ACR20 at week 12 or ACR20/50/70 at week 24 within the range of plasma exposures evaluated in the phase III PsA studies. No clear trends for exposure-response relationships were identified for experiencing pneumonia, herpes zoster infection, hemoglobin less than 8 g/dl, lymphopenia (grade ≥ 3), or neutropenia (grade ≥ 3) after 24 weeks of treatment. Shallow relationships with plasma exposures were observed for serious infections and hemoglobin decrease greater than 2 g/dl from baseline at week 24. Based on exposure-response analyses, the upadacitinib 15 mg q.d. regimen is predicted to achieve robust efficacy in patients with PsA and to be associated with limited incidences of reductions in hemoglobin or occurrence of serious infections.
Physiopathological changes of ferritin mRNA density and distribution in hippocampal astrocytes in the mouse brain (2022)

Abstract Astrocytes are thought to play a crucial role in brain iron homeostasis. How they accomplish this regulation in vivo remains unclear. In a recent transcriptomic analysis, we showed that polysomal Ftl1 and Fth1 mRNAs, encoding the ferritin light (Ftl) and heavy (Fth) chains that assemble into ferritin, a critical complex for iron storage and reduction, are enriched in perisynaptic astrocytic processes as compared to astrocytic soma. These data suggested that ferritin translation plays a specific role at the perisynaptic astrocytic interface and is tighly regulated by local translation. Here, we used our recently described AstroDot 3D in situ methodology to study the density and localization of ferritin mRNAs in astrocytes in the hippocampus in three different contexts in which local or systemic iron overload has been documented: ageing, the hepcidin knock-out mouse model of hemochromatosis and the APP/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our results showed that in wild type mice, Fth1 mRNA density was higher than Ftl1 and that both mRNAs were mostly distributed in astrocyte fine processes. Ageing and absence of hepcidin caused an increased Fth1/Ftl1 ratio in astrocytes and in the case of ageing, led to a redistribution of Fth1 mRNAs in astrocytic fine processes. In contrast, in AD mice, we observed a lower Fth1/Ftl1 ratio and Fth1 mRNAs became more somatic. Hence, we propose that regulation of ferritin mRNA density and distribution in astrocytes regulates iron homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF Δ2‐ISOXAZOLINES. 3. RANEY NICKEL CATALYZED FORMATION OF β‐HYDROXY KETONES (1983)

Abstract Aldole wie (II) können nach einem neuen, in mehrerer Hinsieht vorteilhaften Verfahren durch Reduktion aus Az‐Isoxazolinen wie (I) gewonnen werden, die nach bekannter Methode durch [3 + 2]‐dipolare Cycloaddition entsprechender Olefine an in situ erzeugte Nitriloxide zugänglich sind.
Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical, Tumor-Imaging, and Phototherapeutic Properties of Purpurinimide-N-substituted Cyanine Dyes Joined with Variable Lengths of Linkers (2011)

Purpurinimide methyl esters, bearing variable lengths of N-substitutions, were conjugated individually to a cyanine dye with a carboxylic acid functionality. The results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies showed a significant impact of the linkers joining the phototherapeutic and fluorescence imaging moieties. The photosensitizer-fluorophore conjugate with a PEG linker showed the highest uptake in the liver, whereas the conjugate linked with two carbon units showed excellent tumor-imaging and PDT efficacy at 24 h postinjection. Whole body imaging and biodistribution studies at variable time points portrayed enhanced fluorescent uptake of the conjugates in the tumor compared to that in the skin. Interestingly, the conjugate with the shortest linker and the one joining with two carbon units showed faster clearance from normal organs, e.g., the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung, compared to that in tumors. Both imaging and PDT efficacy of the conjugates were performed in BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors. Compared to the others, the short linker conjugate showed poor tumor fluorescent properties and as a corollary does not exhibit the dual functionality of the photosensitizer-fluorophore conjugate. For this reason, it was not evaluated for in vivo PDT efficacy. However, in Colon26 tumor cells (in vitro), the short linker was highly effective. Among the conjugates with variable linkers, the rate of energy transfer from the purpurinimide moiety to the cyanine moiety increased with deceasing linker length, as examined by femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. No electron transfer from the purpurinimide moiety to the singlet excited state of the cyanine moiety or from the singlet excited state of the cyanine moiety to the purpurinimide moiety occurred as indicated by a comparison of transient absorption spectra with spectra of the one-electron oxidized and one-electron reduced species of the conjugate obtained by spectroelectrochemical measurements.
Multiparametric dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound classification of prostate cancer (2016)

Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous form of cancer among Western men, available diagnostic imaging methods are not yet sufficiently reliable to avoid systematic biopsy. In this work, we aim at improving the accuracy of transrectal dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) for PCa localization by combining local perfusion and dispersion parameters. To this end, ten of these parameters were extracted pixel-by-pixel from 45 DCE-US recordings distributed over 19 patients that were scheduled for radical prostatectomy. Based on 43 benign and 42 malignant histologically-confirmed regions of interest, we produced multiparametric maps using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) algorithm. All possible combinations of one to four parameters were evaluated to select the most suitable subset of parameters. We also tested the GMM algorithm's ability to determine the classification confidence for each pixel and the impact of excluding low-confidence pixels from the images. An accuracy and negative predictive value of 81% and 83%, respectively, are obtained, which improved after pixel exclusion. Even though extended validation on a larger patient group is recommended, multiparametric DCE-US shows high potential in localizing PCa and might become an important tool for guiding targeted biopsy or planning of focal treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Syntheses and Absolute Stereochemistry of 5,6‐Dihydro‐α‐pyrones, a New Class of Potent HIV Protease Inhibitors. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
99mTc-labelled S-HYNIC certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis patients: a biodistribution and dosimetry study (2016)

We present a radiolabelling technique for CZP, a Fab'-fragment directed against TNF and currently used as a therapeutic agent in rheumatology. An effective dose of 6.1 mSv (SD 0.9) was estimated. We confirmed the uptake of this new radiopharmaceutical in clinically affected peripheral joints.
Mindicators: A Scalable Approach to Quiescence (2013)

We introduce the Mindicator, a new shared object that is optimized for querying the minimum value of a set of values proposed by several processes. A mindicator may hold at most one value per process. This interface is designed for use in shared memory runtime systems, such as garbage collectors, software transactional memory (TM), and operating system kernels. We introduce linearizable and relaxed mindicator implementations, both of which are lock-free. Our algorithms employ a tree structure, where querying the minimum element takes constant time, and adding and removing elements from the set does not hinder scalability. In microbenchmarks and a synthetic TM workload, we show that both provide good scalability on the x86 and SPARC platforms.
Performance comparison of Fresnel-based concentrator arrays (2010)

At module level (one single solar cell), the Fresnel-Köhler (FK) concentrator comprises a perfect irradiance uniformity along with quite high concentration-acceptance angle product. At the same time, it maintains the efficiency/simplicity of other Fresnel-based concentrators. In this work we will show the FK concentrator has loose manufacturing tolerances as well. All these facts, along with the pill-box shape of its transmission curve, permit an enhanced performance of this device, compared to its competitors, at array level, because the system is more insensitive to manufacturing errors, and current mismatch is less likely to occur. Or the same performance can be achieved at a lower cost, exhausting the tolerance budget by using inexpensive fabrication techniques. Depending on the concentrator, the actual power delivered by an array might drop significantly with respect to the sum of the power delivered by single modules. Under certain circumstances, the FK can reach a 1-10% electrical efficiency increase with regards to other concentrators sharing the same technology.