gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Biological Effects of Various Forms of Thrombopoietin in a Murine Model of Transient Pancytopenia (1996)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the natural regulator of platelet production in the bone marrow of mammals. This cytokine also seems to play an important role in the development of the erythroid lineage when recovering from anemic conditions. Here we study the effects of various TPO molecules on the recovery of hematopoietic lineages in a mouse model of pancytopenia. Based on previous animal experimentation and clinical experience with other hematopoietic cytokines, we found that daily dosing with TPO augmented the recovery of both the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages in a mouse model of pancytopenia. However, further experiments showed that no benefit was gained by using more than a single dose of recombinant murine (rm)TPO(335) given 24 h after the initiation of the myelosuppressive treatment. This response to a single dose of rmTPO(335) is dose-dependent. However, the response was attenuated when a truncated, short half-life TPO molecule (rmTPO[153]) was used. Increasing the half-life of the molecule with 10 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) does not improve the response. Only when larger PEG molecules (20 kDa or 40 kDa) are linked to the rmTPO(153) is the response to single doses restored to the level of the full-length molecule. These data suggest that, unlike our experience with other cytokines, the commitment of progenitors to a megakaryocytic cell line is accomplished by a single short exposure to TPO.
Holders for in situ treatments of scanning tunneling microscopy tips (2009)

We have developed holders for scanning tunneling microscopy tips that can be used for in situ treatments of the tips, such as electron bombardment (EB) heating, ion sputtering, and the coating of magnetic materials. The holders can be readily installed into the transfer paths and do not require any special type of base stages. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterize the tip apex after EB heating. Also, spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy using an Fe coated W tip on the Cr(001) single crystal surface is performed in order to confirm both the capability of heating a tip up to about 2200 K and the spin sensitivity of the magnetically coated tip.
Metal/High-K Interface Interactions Upon High Temperature Annealing - Are They Cause of Workfunction Changes (2006)

The replacement of poly-silicon by metallic compounds in the gate stack leads to the search of metals with suitable work function. However, it is observed that thermal budget has a large influence on the effective work functions of several metals. In this paper, we investigated the possible modification of the chemical states by physical analysis techniques (XPS, ERD, SIMS) by studying investigating the chemistry of the high-k oxide/metal interface. We show that in the case of the TiN/TaN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stack, several modifications occur upon 1000{degree sign}C N2 annealing: Increase of the nitrogen content of the TaN, interdiffusion of the Ti and TaN, and formation of Ta2O5 at the TaN/HfO2 interface.
Cancer risk associated with germline DNA mismatch repair gene mutations (1997)

The autosomal dominant syndrome of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) is due to germline DNA mismatch repair gene mutations in most cases. However, the penetrance of such mutations outwith classical HNPCC kindreds is unknown because families studied to date have been specifically selected for research purposes. Using a population-based strategy, we have calculated the lifetime cancer risk associated with germline DNA mismatch repair gene mutations, irrespective of their family history. We identified 67 gene carriers whose risk to age 70 for all cancers was 91% for males and 69% for females. The risk of developing colorectal cancer was significantly greater for males than for females (74% versus 30%, P= 0.006). The risk of uterine cancer (42%) exceeded that for colorectal cancer in females, emphasising the need for uterine screening. Our findings give further insight into the biological effect of defective DNA mismatch repair. We have demonstrated a systematic approach to identifying individuals at high risk of cancer but who may not be part of classical HNPCC families. The risk estimates derived from these analyses provide a rational basis on which to guide genetic counselling and to tailor clinical surveillance.
Training coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators to classify patterns in real-time (2017)

Substantial evidence indicates that the brain uses principles of non-linear dynamics in neural processes, providing inspiration for computing with nanoelectronic devices. However, training neural networks composed of dynamical nanodevices requires finely controlling and tuning their coupled oscillations. In this work, we show that the outstanding tunability of spintronic nano-oscillators can solve this challenge. We successfully train a hardware network of four spin-torque nano-oscillators to recognize spoken vowels by tuning their frequencies according to an automatic real-time learning rule. We show that the high experimental recognition rates stem from the high frequency tunability of the oscillators and their mutual coupling. Our results demonstrate that non-trivial pattern classification tasks can be achieved with small hardware neural networks by endowing them with non-linear dynamical features: here, oscillations and synchronization. This demonstration is a milestone for spintronics-based neuromorphic computing.
Novel dapagliflozin di-L-proline cocrystal-loaded tablet: preparation, physicochemical characterization, and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs and mini-pigs (2022)

Dapagliflozin base and a commercial dapagliflozin propanediol hydrate cocrystal (DPF-PDHC) were highly hygroscopic and thermally unstable. In this study, to address this limitation, we prepared a novel dapagliflozin di-L-proline cocrystal (DPF-LPC) and evaluated its physicochemical characterization compared with DPF-PDHC. After the preparation of the DPF-LPC-loaded tablet, its dissolution, stability and bioequivalence in beagle dogs and mini-pigs were assessed. DPF-LPC was well prepared with a dapagliflozin base and L-proline in a molar ratio of 1:2. Similar to DPF-PDHC, DPF-LPC was highly lipophilic and crystalline in nature. However, these two cocrystals exhibited different melting points and crystalline structures, indicating their different cocrystal forms. Moreover, DPF-LPC exhibited less hygroscopicity and lower water content than DPF-PDHC. The DPF-LPC-loaded tablet composed of DPF-LPC, Comprecel M102, lactose monohydrate, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, and Opadry (coating) at a weight ratio of 15.6:104.4:100.0:8.0:2.0:7.0, was dissolution-equivalent to the commercial tablet. Moreover, it provided lower impurities than the commercial tablet, indicating its better stability. In the two animals, there were no significant differences in the plasma concentrations, AUC, <i>C</i><sub>max</sub>, and <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> values, suggesting that they were bioequivalent. Therefore, the novel DPF-LPC-loaded tablet with excellent stability and bioequivalence may be used as a potential alternative to the commercial DPF-PDHC-loaded tablet.
Organic-based transducer for low-cost charge detection in aqueous media (2002)

In this paper we describe a new application for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) as sensing devices for charge detection in aqueous media. The detection principle is based on the field-enhanced conduction that occurs in organic semiconductors in a similar way as in the crystalline inorganic ones. The electrochemical potential developed at the solution/dielectric interface is responsible for the charge-sensitivity. To prove the principle, we have fabricated and modified an OFET to achieve proton sensitivity. The device concept, testing procedure and the pH response are presented.
Anaerobic 4‐Hydroxyproline Metabolism by a Widespread Microbial Glycyl Radical Enzyme (2018)

Microbiome research has rapidly advanced through the use of high‐through put sequencing technologies, but the functions of most genes in sequence databases remain unknown. Glycyl radical enzymes represent an ancient protein super family, which is one of the most abundant protein families in the human gut microbiome. These enzymes use radical chemistry to catalyze a diverse set of chemically difficult transformations in metabolic pathways essential for anaerobic growth. Here, we describe the biochemical characterization of a new member of the glycyl radical enzyme superfamily, 4‐hydroxyproline dehydratase (HypD). This enzyme is responsible for the first step of anaerobic 4‐hydroxyproline (Hyp) metabolism. Hyp is the most abundant post‐translationally modified amino acid in the human proteome, with collagen as its principle source. It is also abundant in plant cell wall glycoproteins and functions as a site for O ‐glycosylation. Hyp is present at significant levels in the human gut, deriving from both dietary sources and endogenous collagen turnover. Anaerobic Hyp metabolism had only been observed in Clostridiales as a part of Stickland fermentation in energy metabolism, but the enzymes and intermediates involved had not been identified until our work. We predicted the catalytic activity of HypD based on its sequence similarity to characterized glycyl radical enzymes and its genomic context in Clostridial species. Using purified enzymes, we demonstrated that HypD catalyzes the removal of water from Hyp to form pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate, a central intermediate in amino acid metabolism. As with all other glycyl radical enzymes, HypD activity requires post‐translational modification by a partner radical SAM enzyme to install a radical on a conserved glycine in the active site. We next examined the substrate scope and kinetics of HypD and demonstrated that it is stereospecific for trans ‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline. Additional biochemical work has yielded insights into the radical‐based mechanism of this intriguing transformation. Our discovery of the biochemical basis for anaerobic Hyp metabolism has enabled us to uncover hundreds of strains with the potential for metabolizing Hyp. This under appreciated metabolism is encoded in species not known to ferment amino acids, where Hyp is likely used as a precursor for non‐Stickland pathways. In addition, HypD is widespread in common gut commensals as well as pathogens like Clostridiodes difficile , suggesting that it may represent a core function in the human gut microbiota. Furthermore, our work on the characterization of HypD has led us to new research directions to investigate related pathways in the gut microbiome. Support or Funding Information Funded by Harvard University, a Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering, and NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship‐Doctoral Program. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Terahertz spectroscopic analysis of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (2014)

Inorganic fillers are very often added to ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM), which is a typical rubber material used for electrical insulation, for the purpose of improving its various properties. Regarding this, although the content and dispersion of inorganic fillers exert a significant influence on the properties of EPDM, detailed research has been done scarcely. In the present research, talc and magnesium hydroxide were added to EPDM, and detection of the content and dispersion of fillers was tried by terahertz absorption spectroscopy. As a result, it has become clear that the content of talc can be estimated by the increase in absorption at 3.05 THz. The possibility of estimating the talc content from incremental values of three absorptions in a far-infrared range has also been confirmed, in addition to the 3.05-THz absorption. Furthermore, the dispersion of magnesium hydroxide fillers is likely to correspond to the scattering of absorption spectra at around 1.0 to 1.5 THz.
Technological capability and future enhanced performance of HL-7000M (2003)

HL-7000M electron beam lithography system has been developed as a state-of-the-art reticle writer for the generation of 90nm node production and 65nm node development. It is capable of handling relatively large volume data files such as full Optical Proximity Correction patterns and angled patterns for System on Chip. Aiming at technological requirements, a newly designed electron optics column generating a vector-scan variable shaped beam and a digital disposition system with a storage area network technology have been integrated into HL-7000M. Since the requirement on the critical dimension uniformity is extremely demanding on the ITRS roadmap, HL-7000M has also needed to improve its beam shaping performance. The ability relevant to shaping beam size has a great impact on its line width or critical dimension accuracy. To reduce an aberration caused within the shaping lens system, the dual quadrupole electrostatic shaping deflector has been utilized. By applying advanced technologies, HL-7000M with a result of critical dimension uniformity (2.5nm and 2.8nm in 3&#963;) has achieved meeting its target requirement of the 90nm generation for production. Additionally HL-7000M has proved its potential, allowing the industry to establish quickly the processes further beyond the requirements of the 65nm node for development.
Direct quantification of the rupture force of single hyaluronan/hyaluronan binding protein bonds (2004)

The non-covalent bond between aggrecan and hyaluronan is critical for maintaining the normal structure and function of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage. The failure of this bond can cause the loss of aggrecan and destruction of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage. In this study, the rupture force of the single bond between hyaluronan and hyaluronan binding protein - the complex of the hyaluronan binding region of aggrecan and link protein - was directly measured with a nanomechanical testing system as 40+/-11 pN. The results were compared to a theoretical prediction based on a smart version of the Monte Carlo simulation.
Unsupervised Neural Hidden Markov Models (2016)

In this work, we present the first results for neuralizing an Unsupervised Hidden Markov Model. We evaluate our approach on tag induction. Our approach outperforms existing generative models and is competitive with the state-of-the-art though with a simpler model easily extended to include additional context.
System simulator for structural description and error analysis of multimodal 3D data integration systems (2007)

Abstract In surgical navigation systems, system error analysis is performed because of the need for correct superposition of three‐dimensional data obtained with three‐dimensional position sensors and different coordinate systems for the images. Lea and colleagues proposed a registration graph for providing a systematic description with a graph of the geometrical position of the system and performing error analysis. However, the registration graph requires the explicit input of errors for each 3D data item. The authors expanded this system to automatically calculate individually occurring errors from system design information through a simulation, and to perform direct error analysis from the system design information. As a result, a user without specialized knowledge of error analysis can automatically perform error analysis by virtually designing a 3D data integration system on a computer. In this paper, the authors constructed a system simulator for modeling point‐to‐point registration and 3D position sensors, performing automatic error calculation with the simulation based thereon, and designing a system easily using a GUI. Furthermore, as a demonstration of the simulator, the simulator was applied to error analysis for a system including point‐to‐point registration and 3D position sensors, and its effectiveness and reliability were confirmed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(8): 45–59, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20377
Importance of Nonhomogeneous Concentration Distributions Near Walls in Tissue Engineering Bioreactors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImportance of Nonhomogeneous Concentration Distributions Near Walls in Tissue Engineering BioreactorsChing-An Peng and Bernhard PalssonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 10, 3239–3245Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00037a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00037a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Table S1 from Identification of Recurrent <i>FGFR3–TACC3</i> Fusion Oncogenes from Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. List of the primers used to screen for the known genetic rearrangements.&lt;/p&gt;
Robust and Versatile Light Absorption at Near-Infrared Wavelengths by Plasmonic Aluminum Nanorods (2014)

We investigate the far-field and near-field properties of aluminum nanorods fabricated by electron beam lithography and exhibiting plasmonic resonance in the near-infrared region. First, we show that plasmonic modes within nanorod arrays can be tuned by geometrical parameters, allowing one to control the system transparency. Next, the light absorption in this structure is closely examined, and we demonstrate that aluminum has great potential due to its unique interband transition at 800 nm. The roles of the dielectric confinement and the coupling between plasmonic resonance and the interband transition are particularly emphasized, as their adjustment can be used to switch from highly scattering particles to absorbing particles without a significant modification of the plasmonic resonance position. Finally, we image the plasmon-generated local field distribution in the aluminum nanostructures and observe, for the first time, the effect of the interband transition on the near-field behavior. The effect of the dielectric confinement is also numerically investigated, as it is shown to play a significant role in near-field enhancement.
Gene Array Analysis Comparison between Rat Collagen‐induced Arthritis and Human Rheumatoid Arthritis (2008)

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental arthritis model used to study the inflammatory processes in this disease and test potential therapeutics. In order to better characterize this model, we conducted the first comprehensive gene expression analysis of rat CIA. To evaluate how closely the rat model reflects human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we also analysed gene expression in human RA, using genome-wide Affymetrix gene arrays. By applying multiple strategies, including comparison of the highest induced genes, expression of immunological-associated genes as well as Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we were able to compare the two expression profiles. Among the highest induced genes in RA were several B-cell-associated genes, including immunoglobulins, B-cell markers such as CD20, and cytokines and chemokines that act on B cells such as TNFSF13b/BLyS and CXCL13, none of which was upregulated in CIA. The latter was instead characterized by the upregulation of genes expressed primarily in macrophages and dendritic cells. Of the 22 pathways identified as significant in both diseases by IPA, only three (IL6, chemokine signalling and antigen presentation) were present in both settings. We conclude that there are significant differences in the inflammatory mechanisms between human RA and rat CIA, and that genome-wide comparative gene expression analyses are useful tools to evaluate the relevance of animal models to human disease.
Self-Heating Measurement of 14-nm FinFET SOI Transistors Using 2-D Time-Resolved Emission (2016)

Self-heating of FinFET transistors is a reliability concern, especially for large devices with dense arrays of fins on Silicon On Insulator. In this paper, device-level temperature measurements acquired using an optical technique are presented. The 2-D time-resolved emission measurements through the substrate are used to monitor the temperature-dependent modulation of the OFF-state leakage current of individual transistors, noninvasively and with high time accuracy. Different device geometries and operating conditions are evaluated and compared.
Abstract 124: The Relationship Between Carpal Tunnel Syndrome And Migraine Headache, A Diathesis? (2020)

Purpose: Compression of extra-cranial sensory nerves by surrounding tissues can provoke migraine headache pain (MH). We have demonstrated that at the occipital trigger site, the greater occipital nerve is surrounded by thickened trapezius fascia in 94% of patients1.This pathology is similar to that found in other nerve compression syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We hypothesized that MH surgery patients may have a higher prevalence of CTS than the general population. Methods: 108 migraine surgery patients who also have primary care with complete medical records at our institution were included in a retrospective chart review. Subjects with clinically certain diagnosis of CTS were identified and prevalence was compared to general population data. Results: Average age was 47.6 ±13.8 years (19-74). Prevalence of CTS was 13.8% (n=15). In the CTS group, eleven subjects presented with physician confirmed diagnosis of CTS that led to surgical release, one had EMG documented CTS and three had a physician confirmed diagnosis of CTS with no surgery to date. The prevalence of clinically certain CTS in the general population ranges from 3.8%2 to 7.8%3. Conclusion: CTS is significantly more prevalent in patients undergoing migraine surgery than the general population. (1.7- 3.5-fold). These remarkable findings warrant further exploration. We suspect that patients with nerve compression syndromes are more susceptible to development of this disease complex through shared pathogenesis, genetics and risk factors. This may have important clinical implications for evaluation of patients with CTS and/or MH. 1Gfrerer, L., Hansdorfer M., Ortiz R., Nealon K., Austen WG. Occipital neuralgia/ migraine: Intra- operative evidence for extracranial pathology. Paper presented at: American Society of Peripheral Nerve Meeting; Feb 1-3 2019; Palm Desert, CA. 2Atroshi, I., Gummesson, C., Johnsson, R., Ornstein, E., Ranstam, J., Rosen, I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA 1999;282:153-158. 3Dale, A. M., Harris-Adamson, C., Rempel, D., et al. Prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in US working populations: pooled analysis of six prospective studies. Scand J Work Environ Health 2013;39:495-505.