gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of gem-difluorinated retrohydroxamic-fosmidomycin (2015)

From several decades, some organophosphorus compounds specifically designed to alter biological systems were introduced on market as agrochemicals (ie glyphosate and glufosinate as herbicides). Nevertheless, it becomes necessary to find new compounds in order to counter plant resistances already observed with glyphosate. Fosmidomicyn and its N-acetyl analogues FR-900098 were perceived as starting points for elaboration of new herbicide candidates, targeting the second enzyme of the non-mevalonate pathway in plants, the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5phosphate reductoisomerase (DOXP reductoisomerase or DXR). It is expected that the enhancement of bioactivity compared to the parent compounds, might be reached by insertion of two fluorine atoms close to the phosphonate function. Indeed, the presence of both fluorine atoms could improve the lipophilicity, affect the pKa of the phosphonic acid function and then induce better activities. Herein, the synthesis of gem-difluorinated analogues of retrohydroxamic fosmidomycin and FR-900098-ester is reported using a radical addition mediated by a cobaloxime complex.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS TO ALLENES. II. THE REACTION OF BENZENESELENENYL CHLORIDE WITH SOME 1,3‐DISUBSTITUTED ALLENES (1980)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (II) reagiert mit den symm. (I) bzw. asymm. Allenen (V) praktisch quantitativ unter Bildung der E‐ und Z‐Addukte (III)/(IV) bzw. der E‐ und Z‐Addukte (VI)‐(IX) in den angegebenen Verhältnissen [für (VI)‐(IX) bezeichnen die Zahlen in Klammern die jeweiligen E/Z‐Verhältnisse der α‐ und β‐Additionsprodukte].
Wavelet Transform Codec for Fast Retrieval of Slices of 3D Objects (2006)

We propose a method to encode a 3D magnetic resonance image data and a decoder in such way that fast access to any 2D image is possible by decoding only the corresponding information from each subband image and thus provides minimum decoding time. This will be of immense use for medical community, because most of the PET and MRI data are volumetric data. Preprocessing is carried out at every level before wavelet transformation, to enable easier identification of coefficients from each subband image. Inclusion of special characters in the bit stream facilitates access to corresponding information from the encoded data. Results are taken by performing Daub4 along x (row), y (column) direction and Haar along z (slice) direction. Comparable results are achieved with the existing technique. In addition to that decoding time is reduced by 1.98 times. Arithmetic coding is used to encode corresponding information independently
NIR Light‐Induced ATRP for Synthesis of Block Copolymers Comprising UV‐Absorbing Moieties (2020)

NIR exposure at 790 nm activated photopolymerization of monomers comprising UV-absorbing moieties by using [Cu<sup>II</sup> /(TPMA)]Br<sub>2</sub> (TPMA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in the ppm range and an alkyl bromide as initiator. Some of them comprised structural elements selected either from those showing proton transfer or photocycloaddition upon UV excitation. Polymers obtained comprise living end groups serving as macroinitiator for controlled synthesis of block copolymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. Chromatographic results indicated formation of block copolymers produced by this synthetic approach. Free-radical polymerization of monomers pursued for comparison exhibited the expected broader dispersity of molecular weight compared to photo-ATRP. Polymerization of these monomers by UV photo-ATRP failed on the contrary to NIR photo-ATRP demonstrating the UV-filter function of the monomers. This work conclusively provides a new approach for the polymerization of monomers comprising UV-absorbing moieties through photo-ATRP in the NIR region. This occurred in a simple and efficient pathway. However, studies also showed that not all monomers chosen successfully proceeded in the NIR photo-ATRP protocol.
Sinus rhythm heart rate increase after atrial fibrillation ablation is associated with lower risk of arrhythmia recurrence (2021)

Relative changes in HR post AF ablation correlates with AF recurrence. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin as a Resuscitation Fluid (2010)

Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) based on a novel, synthetic, non-phospholipid was developed, and evaluated for cerebral energy metabolism in a 40% hemorrhage rat model. The markers of tissue energetics were monitored by (1)H- and (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). After hemorrhage, (1)H-MRS showed an increase in the levels of lactate and pyruvate. These markers returned to baseline values following LEH resuscitation. Both LEH and saline were able to exert a neuron-protective effect as indicated by the recovery of N-acetylaspartate. (31)P MRS showed a fall in phosphocreatine after hemorrhage, which upon LEH or saline resuscitation returned to the baseline values. Similarly, inorganic phosphate increased after bleeding, but returned to normal after resuscitation. LEH resuscitation also recovered beta-ATP levels, but saline resuscitation provided only a modest recovery. The results indicate the utility of MRS to monitor cerebral metabolism in hemorrhage/resuscitation. The data is also supportive of the new LEH formulation as an oxygen carrier.
Looking for new words out there (2009)

This paper presents methods for automatic extraction of new lexemes from Web corpora in order to obtain a comprehensive list of Polish words. We present the following methods: Reverse Derivation, Compound Formation, List Extraction, extraction of adjectives from addresses, Polonisation of English words. We proceed to describe the process of correcting errors that arise from the application of automated methods. Quantitative evaluation of the project and presentation of its results are given.
Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species mediate sympathoexcitation induced by angiotensin II in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (2008)

These results indicate that AngII increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and that the increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake leads to mitochondrial ROS production.
Dual focal-plane passive optical limiter for nanosecond pulses (2001)

We describe optical limiters for nanosecond pulses based on a new cascaded-focus geometry. Nonlinear materials in the second focal plane provide low-energy limiting, while the nonlinear liquid CS2 placed in the first focal plane provides a higher energy limiting threshold, to protect the material in the second focal plane from damage. The element in the second focal plane may be a reverse saturable absorber or a carbon black suspension (CBS) which exhibits nonlinear scattering. Using CBS, the limiter has a broad wavelength response, and clamps the maximum encircled output energy below 1 μJ for nanosecond and even longer pulses. The measured figure of merit of the device is approximately 20,000.
Novel Pb(Ti, Zr)O3(PZT) Crystallization Technique Using Flash Lamp for Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) Embedded LSIs and One Transistor Type FeRAM Devices (2002)

A novel method of ferroelectric capacitor formation for Ferroelectrie random access memory (FeRAM) embedded LSIs and one-transistor-type FeRAMs has been developed. Amorphous Pb(Ti, Zr)O3(PZT) films were successfully transformed to the perovskite phase by a flash lamp technique with a crystallization time of 1.2 ms at a substrate temperature of 350°C. A flash lamp energy of 27 J/cm2 was sufficient to form a ferroelectric crystal structure due to rapid thermal effects with little heat diffusion in the depth direction. This technique enabled PZT film crystallization in Pt/PZT/Pt structures on multi-Al wiring layers. Granular PZT grains were observed on Pt, Ru and RuO2 electrodes, which indicates that crystal growth begins from the film surfaces. Ferroelectric property was verified by the process at 350°C maximum temperature. PZT films were also crystallized directly on SiO2. This is useful for the fabrication of embedded FeRAM devices and 1Tr-type FeRAMs. The flash lamp process was found to have great potential for application to dielectric film formation, annealing processes and so on.
Analysis of Wellbore Resonance Effects on Acoustic Noise Characteristics in Gas Producers (2020)

Summary Measurements of acoustic noise in production logging are aimed at locating well casing leakage, crossflow behind casing, fluid/gas inflow, etc. Interpretation of the data can be difficult because of the wellbore resonances having a significant influence on the registered signal spectrum. Using numerical modeling we investigate the spatial-frequency structure of acoustic fields in the wellbore excited by a noise source located in the near-wellbore zone. We analyze influence of geometry and physical parameters of the reservoir and wellbore on the resonances. Also, we consider an example of the acoustic noise spectrum recorded in a gas-condensate producer and conclude that the intensive acoustic signal registered along the extended depth interval is caused by wellbore resonance modes, rather than by an extended inflow zone (which according to production logging data corresponds to a narrow interval of natural fractures). On the other hand, the observed wellbore resonances enable using this natural signal amplification for more reliable inflow identification. Thus, the analysis of acoustic noise spectra by taking into account the wellbore resonances improves the precision of the determination of inflow intervals.
Ras Denitrosylation in Human Lung Cancer (2012)

S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation are regulated signaling reactions. They are also relevant to the toxicology of nitrogen oxides. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase is an important denitrosylating enzyme, acting through intermediate GSNO formation from S-nitrosylated proteins and from reduced glutathione. It also serves to protect cells from excessive nitrosative stress. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation downstream of oncogenic Ras causes S-nitrosylation of wild-type Ras that is necessary for oncogenesis. GSNO reductase serves as a Ras denitrosylase, protecting against oncogenesis. Exposure to exogenous nitric oxide, such as that present in high concentrations in cigarette smoke, also S-nitrosylates Ras. GSNO reductase expression and activity are decreased in various types of lung cancer. Taken together, these data suggest that GSNO reductase expression is important for protection against the tumorigenic effects, mediated by Ras S-nitrosylation, of both overactivation of endothelial NOS and chronic exposure to smoke.
Long-term Results of Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for Thymoma without Myasthenia Gravis (2012)

Objective: To compare the feasibility and safety of thoracoscopic thymectomy with conventional sternotomy thymectomy for thymoma without myasthenia gravis. Methods: Data from 70 patients diagnosed with thymoma, who underwent thoracoscopic thymectomy ( n = 25, Group T) or sternotomy thymectomy ( n = 45, Group S) between March 2002 and March 2008, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Mean follow-up durations were 78.0 ± 21.9 months and 70.0 ± 23.6 months in Groups T and S, respectively. No deaths occurred in Group T; seven deaths occurred in Group S, all &gt; 1 month post follow-up. Durations of chest intubation and hospitalization were significantly shorter in Group T than in Group S. No significant between-group difference in the incidence of operative complications was observed. Tumour recurrence-free rates at 5 and 7 years postsurgery were 96% (both years) in Group T and 95% (both years) in Group S. Conclusions: Long-term follow-up indicates that thoracoscopic thymectomy for thymoma without myasthenia gravis is effective and is well tolerated, and associated with low rates of operative complications and recurrence.
Isolation of Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic CD4+ and CD4+CD8dim+ T-Cell Clones Infiltrating a Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (1998)

We have isolated several T-cell clones from lymphocytes infiltrating a human major histocompatibility class (MHC) II negative cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We describe here two of these clones, TC5 and TC7, with, respectively, a CD4(+)CD8dim+ and CD4(+)CD8(-) phenotype. Both clones mediated a specific MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic activity toward the fresh autologous tumor cells, and autologous tumor cell lines previously established with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7 from the skin and from the blood. Analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta gene expression showed that the tumor cells, which were shown to have a trisomy 7 by fluorescent in situ hybridization, expressed Vbeta7/Jbeta2.3, Vbeta13/Jbeta2.5, and Vbeta22/Jbeta2.5 rearrangements. Phenotypic analysis using specific anti-Vbeta monoclonal antibodies indicated that only Vbeta13 could be detected on the cell membrane of the tumor cells. Analysis of the TCR Vbeta gene expression of the clones showed that TC5 and TC7 expressed a unique TCR-Vbeta transcript, corresponding, respectively, to Vbeta5/Jbeta2.3 and Vbeta17/Jbeta2.7 gene segments. To determine whether these reactive T lymphocytes were present in vivo, we used specific primers corresponding to TC5- and TC7-Vbeta TCR transcripts. The results showed that both cytotoxic T-cell clones were present at the lesional skin site and amplified in vitro. TC7 was found in the patient peripheral blood invaded by tumoral cells, whereas TC5 was not, indicating that the repertoire of the reactional lymphocytes differs in the blood and at the tumor site. These results show for the first time the presence of reactive T lymphocytes with CD4 or double-positive phenotype infiltrating a CTCL. These findings raise the question of the role of these antitumoral effector T cells in the tumor growth.
High-Power Wideband Low-Cost Limiters Using Cold Plasma (2018)

A novel circuit design for implementing high-power, wideband limiters with inexpensive, off-the-shelf components is introduced. A microstrip line is periodically loaded with shunt attached gas discharge tubes, self-contained plasma cell devices. Cost considerations are discussed in comparison to other high-power technologies. A proof-of-concept prototype is fabricated to demonstrate the limiting effects of the technology. Simulated and measured results from the test article are presented; 50-W CW power handling from 3 – 6 GHz with greater than 15 dB of limiting isolation and insertion loss less than 1.5 dB are observed. Extensions to diversify the feature set of this design are considered.
Understanding Atomic-Scale Phenomena in Functional Materials by Using STEM, ELNES, and Theoretical Calculations (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Process Reliability Considerations of Planarization with Spin‐on‐Glass (1990)

The paper reports on the process and reliability aspects of double‐metal structures with spin‐on‐glass (SOG) for electronic circuits made by very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. The electrical and physical properties of structures made of , where both metals are connected by vias which are plasma‐etched through the insulator, were investigated using special test structures. Structures with CVD oxide combined with SOG tended to fail in higher percentage than similar structures with only CVD oxide. Two apparent failures, specific to structures with SOG, were investigated: open‐circuit during contact continuity test and high‐resistivity during contact resistance test. Electrical measurements and Auger electron spectroscopy analysis of plasma‐etched multilayer oxide with SOG indicated the formation of a residual amorphous layer containing metal, oxygen, fluorine and carbon. The residual layer formed for structures with CVD oxide and SOG was found to be thicker than that for similar structures with CVD oxide only. These residual layers between the two metals could be removed by argon ion sputtering; otherwise it caused electrical failures.
Low power multi-camera system and algorithms for automated threat detection (2013)

A key to any robust automated surveillance system is continuous, wide field-of-view sensor coverage and high accuracy target detection algorithms. Newer systems typically employ an array of multiple fixed cameras that provide individual data streams, each of which is managed by its own processor. This array can continuously capture the entire field of view, but collecting all the data and back-end detection algorithm consumes additional power and increases the size, weight, and power (SWaP) of the package. This is often unacceptable, as many potential surveillance applications have strict system SWaP requirements. This paper describes a wide field-of-view video system that employs multiple fixed cameras and exhibits low SWaP without compromising the target detection rate. We cycle through the sensors, fetch a fixed number of frames, and process them through a modified target detection algorithm. During this time, the other sensors remain powered-down, which reduces the required hardware and power consumption of the system. We show that the resulting gaps in coverage and irregular frame rate do not affect the detection accuracy of the underlying algorithms. This reduces the power of an N-camera system by up to approximately N-fold compared to the baseline normal operation. This work was applied to Phase 2 of DARPA Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System (CT2WS) program and used during field testing.
BDPA-Nitroxide Biradicals Tailored for Efficient Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Solid-State NMR at Magnetic Fields up to 21.1 T (2018)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has developed into an invaluable tool for the investigation of a wide range of materials. However, the sensitivity gain achieved with many polarizing agents suffers from an unfavorable field and magic angle spinning (MAS) frequency dependence. We present a series of new hybrid biradicals, soluble in organic solvents, that consist of an isotropic narrow electron paramagnetic resonance line radical, α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA), tethered to a broad line nitroxide. By tuning the distance between the two electrons and the substituents at the nitroxide moiety, correlations between the electron-electron interactions and the electron spin relaxation times on one hand and the DNP enhancement factors on the other hand are established. The best radical in this series has a short methylene linker and bears bulky phenyl spirocyclohexyl ligands. In a 1.3 mm prototype DNP probe, it yields enhancements of up to 185 at 18.8 T (800 MHz <sup>1</sup>H resonance frequency) and 40 kHz MAS. We show that this radical gives enhancement factors of over 60 in 3.2 mm sapphire rotors at both 18.8 and 21.1 T (900 MHz <sup>1</sup>H resonance frequency), the highest magnetic field available today for DNP. The effect of the rotor size and of the microwave irradiation inside the MAS rotor is discussed. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of this new series of polarizing agents by recording high field <sup>27</sup>Al and <sup>29</sup>Si DNP surface enhanced NMR spectra of amorphous aluminosilicates and <sup>17</sup>O NMR on silica nanoparticles.
MicroRNAs and lung cancer: From markers to targets (2011)

Comment on: Boeri M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108:3713-8.
An initial investigation of long-term adaptation for meeting transcription (2014)

Xie Chen would like to thank Toshiba Research Europe Ltd, Cambridge Research Lab, for funding his work. The authors would like to thank the Toshiba Cambridge Speech Group for allowing the data to be collected, also would like to thank Chao Zhang and Eric Wang for providing DNN and CMLLR transform tools.
Fabrication of Highly Resistive NiO Thin Films for Nanoelectronic Applications (2022)

Abstract Thin films of the prototypical charge transfer insulator nickel oxide appear to be a promising material for novel nanoelectronic devices. The fabrication of the material is challenging, however, and mostly a p‐type semiconducting phase is reported. Here, the results of a factorial experiment are presented that allow optimization of the properties of thin films deposited using sputtering. A cluster analysis is performed, and four main types of films are found. Among them, the desired insulating phase is identified. From this material, nanoscale devices are fabricated, which demonstrate that the results carry over to relevant length scales. Initial switching results are reported.
Remote creation of coherent emissions in air with two-color ultrafast laser pulses (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of narrow-bandwidth emissions with excellent coherent properties at similar to 391 and similar to 428 nm from N-2(+) (B-2 Sigma(+)(u)(v' = 0) -&gt; X-2 Sigma(+)(g)(v = 0, 1)) inside a femtosecond filament in air by an orthogonally polarized two-color driver field (i.e. 800 nm laser pulse and its second harmonic). The durations of the coherent emissions at 391 and 428 nm are measured to be similar to 2.4 and similar to 7.8 ps, respectively, both of which are much longer than the duration of the pump and its second harmonic pulses. Furthermore, the measured temporal decay characteristics of the excited molecular systems suggest an 'instantaneous' population inversion mechanism that may be achieved in molecular nitrogen ions at an ultrafast time scale comparable to the 800 nm pump pulse.
Reduced Functional Measure of Cardiovascular Reserve Predicts Admission to Critical Care Unit following Kidney Transplantation (2013)

To our knowledge, this is the first prospective observational study to demonstrate the usefulness of CPET as a preoperative risk stratification tool for patients undergoing kidney transplantation. The study suggests that VO₂AT has the potential to predict perioperative morbidity in kidney transplant recipients.
SmartLiver Image Guidance System for Laparoscopic Liver Resection (2015)

Minimally invasive surgery, both robotic and
laparoscopic, has demonstrable benefits for the patient. However, inability to distinguish different tissues
and target lesions reduces eligibity for laparoscopic
surgery. Image guidance using previously acquired
imaging has the potential to mitigate these effects
increasing eligibity for minimally invasive surgery. We
present the ''SmartLiver'' image guidance system for
image guided laparoscopic and robotic liver resection.
Existing image guidance systems for the liver [2,3] rely
on separate probes to locate points on the liver surface
relative to the theatre coordinate system. With
sufficiently long digitizing probes these systems can be
used for laparoscopic as well as open surgery. However,
as well as requiring an additional tool in theatre they do
not locate the laparoscope relative to the liver,
precluding the use of augmented reality on the
laparoscope's display. The SmartLiver guidance system
addresses these two short comings by using a tracked
stereo laparoscope to locate the liver surface.
This paper describes the system, results of validation
experiments on porcine and phantom models and initial
results from first use in humans.
Extraction of perceptually important colors and similarity measurement for image matching (2002)

We present a color matching algorithm that models the behavior of the human visual system in capturing color appearance of an image. We first develop a new method for color codebook design. The method is well suited for creating small color codebooks used in image analysis and retrieval. We then introduce a statistical technique to extract perceptually relevant colors. We also propose a new color metric that guarantees optimality in matching different color components of two images. Experiments comparing the new algorithm to several existing ones show that it provides a better match to human perception of color similarity.