gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing of the Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Precursor in the Preoptic Area and Hypothalamus of the Rat (1988)

The LHRH precursor is known to contain the decapeptide and a 56 amino acid peptide termed gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide (GAP). The purpose of our study was to characterize the proLHRH and its processed products from the cell body and fiber region and from the nerve terminal region of LHRH neurons. The median eminence (ME) and a tissue block containing the preoptic area and hypothalamus (POH) were dissected separately. Tissues were homogenized and peptides were separated according to mol wt. Three different LHRH antisera bound to one immunoreactive (IR) substance which eluted at approximately 1200 mol wt. Subsequently, this material coeluted with synthetic LHRH on a reversed-phase column as a single peak. There was approximately 1.6-fold more LHRH-like IR in the ME than in the POH. The four different GAP antisera recognized multiple mol wt forms of GAP-like IR at approximately 16,000 to 14,000, 8,200, 6,500, 3,500, and 2,800 mol wt. There were more of the high mol wt materials and less of the 6500 and lower mol wt materials in the POH than in the ME. The most abundant species in both regions was the 6500 mol wt form. This IR substance coeluted with synthetic rat GAP1-56 on a reversed-phase column as a single peak. These experiments demonstrate 1) that multiple IR forms of the LHRH prohormone exist in the POH of the rat and 2) that nerve terminals of the LHRH neurons contain LHRH, GAP1-56, and some lower mol wt GAP-like substances. These results provide the first information concerning the processing scheme for the LHRH prohormone in the rat brain.
Inhibition of N-nitrosodiethylamine carcinogenesis in mice by naturally occurring organosulfur compounds and monoterpenes. (1989)

Naturally occurring compounds belonging to two chemical groups were studied for their capacities to inhibit N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced carcinogenesis in female A/J mice. One group consists of organosulfur compounds found in Allium species, including garlic, onions, leeks, and shallots, and the other, two monoterpenes, i.e., D-limonene and D-carvone. In an initial experiment, in which organosulfur compounds were investigated, diallyl disulfide, allyl mercaptan, and allyl methyl disulfide were found to produce a marked inhibition of NDEA-induced neoplasia of the forestomach when the test compounds were administered p.o. 96 and 48 h prior to NDEA. The most potent was diallyl disulfide which reduced forestomach tumor formation by more than 90%. Pulmonary adenoma formation also was inhibited but to a considerably lesser extent, i.e., about 30%. In three additional experiments, test compounds were given p.o. either 15 min or 1 h prior to NDEA. Under these conditions diallyl disulfide and allyl mercaptan again inhibited forestomach tumor formation substantially, i.e., greater than 75%, and pulmonary adenoma formation marginally, i.e., less than 20%. In these experiments D-limonene and D-carvone were tested and reduced forestomach tumor formation by slightly over 60% and pulmonary adenoma formation by about 35%. The results of these studies provide evidence of an increasing diversity of naturally occurring compounds having the capacity to inhibit nitrosamine carcinogenesis.
Kinetics and Mechanism of ε-Caprolactone Polymerization Using Yttrium Alkoxides as Initiators (1996)

ε-Caprolactone polymerization using an initiating system comprising tris(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy)yttrium and 2-propanol was first-order in monomer and initiator. A propagation rate constant of 1.65 L·mol-1·s-1 was determined in dichloromethane. The reaction proceeds via a three-step mechanism. In the first step the large 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy ligands are exchanged for the smaller 2-propanol. In the second step the polar alkoxide is able to attack the carbonyl group and form the thermodynamically favored ring-opened product. After the first two initiating steps, the polymerization can proceed until complete conversion of monomer is reached. Evidence for these three steps is provided by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the reaction products of each single step. The kinetic behavior of commercially available yttrium isopropoxide was more complicated. 2-Propanol could be used as an effective chain transfer agent for this initiator.
Silencing of Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase (DMPK) Does Not Affect Cardiac or Muscle Function in Mice (S36.005) (2016)

OBJECTIVE: Assess cardiac and skeletal muscle requirements for DMPK. BACKGROUND: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) results from a CTG expansion in DMPK, triggering RNA toxicity. DMPK is expressed most highly in cardiac and skeletal muscle. DMPK levels are reduced by CTG expansion in DM1, perhaps contributing to cardiac conduction and muscle defects. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting DMPK are in clinical trials. These agents are designed to improve RNA toxicity, but potentially may aggravate DMPK deficiency. DESIGN/METHODS: We used heterozygous Dmpk knockout (+/-) mice to model DMPK reductions in DM1. ISIS-486178 is an ASO directed against DMPK. This ASO was injected subcutaneously in +/- mice for up to 16 months. In vivo grip strength and ex vivo muscle specific force were determined. Cardiac conduction was assessed by surface ECG and radiotelemetry. Echocardiography was performed. Experimental groups were wild-type (WT), saline-treated +/-, ASO-treated +/-, and homozygous Dmpk knockout mice, with >10 mice per group. RESULTS: DMPK protein levels in hearts and muscles of +/- mice were ~50[percnt] of WT at baseline, and further reduced to < 10[percnt] of WT with ASOs. DMPK knockdown was sustained for up to 16 months with twice monthly subcutaneous injections of ASO. Grip strength, muscle specific force, ECGs, cardiac chamber size, and ejection fraction showed no difference among experimental groups. Long-term DMPK knockdown did not affect survival or body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term ASO-mediated silencing of DMPK is feasible in muscle and heart in mice, and not associated with muscle or cardiac dysfunction.
Fast link adaptation (2013)

Link adaptation is the process by which the transmitter selects the optimal MCS with which to send data to a particular receiver. Link adaptation algorithms are implementation specific, however, they are generally based on the measured packet error rate (PER). Most algorithms monitor the PER and adjust the MCS to track an optimal long term average that balances the reduced overhead from sending shorter packets with a higher MCS with the increased overhead from retransmissions due to the increased PER from the higher MCS.
Temperature-dependent transport and hysteretic behaviors induced by interfacial states in MoS2 field-effect transistors with lead-zirconate-titanate ferroelectric gating (2016)

We report the temperature and gate-voltage-dependent electrical properties of lead-zirconate-titanate-gated MoS<sub>2</sub> field-effect transistors (MoS<sub>2</sub>-PZT FETs) within a temperature range of 300 to 380 K. The MoS<sub>2</sub> transistors with PZT gating exhibit large reproducible clockwise hysteresis, which is induced by the dynamic charge-trapping/de-trapping process of interfacial states between PZT films and MoS<sub>2</sub> channels under the modulation of ferroelectric polarization of PZT films. In this way, the modulation of the gate effect on the hysteresis behavior has been achieved by activating the dynamic charge-trapping/de-trapping process in the interfacial states under different V <sub>gs</sub> . Moreover, the temperature dependence of the current in the range of 300 to 380 K indicates thermally activated hysteretic behaviors. The hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of MoS<sub>2</sub>-PZT FETs shows a simultaneous enlargement with increasing temperature, which can be attributed to the thermally sensitive dynamic trapping/de-trapping process of interfacial states.
Terahertz radiation based on fiber-pigtailed InGaAs photoconductive antenna pumped by 1030-nm mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser (2017)

We present a terahertz (THz) radiation pumped by a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser using two fiberpigtailed log-spiral-based low-temperature-grown (LTG) InGaAs photoconductive antenna (PCA) modules. The modelocked fiber laser produces over 220 mW of the average optical power with positively chirped of 1.49 ps pulses. In order to generate THz radiation using the fiber-pigtailed PCA modules, the mode-locked optical pulses are pre-chirped with 538 fs using two diffraction gratings. We successfully achieved THz radiation over 2.0 THz using the pre-chirped pulses. We successfully observed the various absorption lines of water vapor dips in the free space of 120 mm.
Robust Obstacle Detection in General Road Environment Based on Road Extraction and Pose Estimation (2006)

Understanding the general road environment is a vital task for obstacle detection in complicated situations. That task is easier to perform for highway environments than for general roads because road environments are well-established in highways and obstacle classes are limited. On the other hand, general roads are not always well-established and various small obstacles, as well as larger ones, must be detected. For the purpose of discerning obstacles and road patterns, it is important to determine the relative positions of the camera and the road surface. This paper presents an efficient solution using a stereo-vision-based obstacle detection method for general roads. The relative position is estimated dynamically even without any clear lane markings. Additionally, obstacles are detected without applying explicit models. We present experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method under various conditions
Synthesis and Analysis of the All-(S) Side Chain of Phosphomycoketides: A Test of NMR Predictions for Saturated Oligoisoprenoid Stereoisomers (2013)

(4S,8S,12S,16S,20S)-Pentamethylheptacosan-1-ol has been synthesized and analyzed by resolution-enhanced NMR spectroscopy with the aid of a recent set predicted spectra of all its stereoisomers. The configuration was confirmed, but isomer purity of the sample (∼70%) was lower than expected. A truncated analogue, (2S,6S,10S,14S)-2,6,10,14-tetramethylhenicosan-1-ol TBDPS ether, was prepared from a late stage synthetic intermediate. Analysis of its spectra confirmed the configuration and showed that the sample was isomerically pure. The results suggest that a late-stage epimerization, not a failure of an asymmetric synthesis step, caused the formation of minor stereoisomers in the sample of pentamethylheptacosan-1-ol. The study shows the value of the predicted set of oligoisoprenoid spectra and further extends the predictive model to a new subclass of compounds.
Alcaloïdes d'une Ascidie Neocaledonienne, Eudistoma fragum (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlcaloïdes d'une Ascidie Neocaledonienne, Eudistoma fragumCécile Debitus, Dominique Laurent, and Mary PaïsCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 4, 799–801Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50058a029https://doi.org/10.1021/np50058a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ca2+-Binding Protein 1 Regulates Hippocampal-dependent Memory and Synaptic Plasticity (2018)

Ca<sup>2+</sup>-binding protein 1 (CaBP1) is a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing protein similar to calmodulin that potently regulates voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels. Unlike calmodulin, however, CaBP1 is mainly expressed in neuronal cell-types and enriched in the hippocampus, where its function is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of CaBP1 in hippocampal-dependent behaviors using mice lacking expression of CaBP1 (C-KO). By western blot, the largest CaBP1 splice variant, caldendrin, was detected in hippocampal lysates from wild-type (WT) but not C-KO mice. Compared to WT mice, C-KO mice exhibited mild deficits in spatial learning and memory in both the Barnes maze and in Morris water maze reversal learning. In contextual but not cued fear-conditioning assays, C-KO mice showed greater freezing responses than WT mice. In addition, the number of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus of C-KO mice was ∼40% of that in WT mice, as measured by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Moreover, hippocampal long-term potentiation was significantly reduced in C-KO mice. We conclude that CaBP1 is required for cellular mechanisms underlying optimal encoding of hippocampal-dependent spatial and fear-related memories.
Polarization dependence in Ti-diffused LiNbO_3 directional couplers (2002)

The effect of design and fabrication parameters on the dependence on polarization of the splitting ratio in directional couplers produced by Ti diffusion in LiNbO3 has been investigated experimentally at a wavelength of 1.54 microm. The parametric study was carried out at a diffusion temperature of 1025 degrees C, which was found to suppress outdiffusion effects. The directional couplers were produced by use of various combinations of waveguide separation, Ti film thickness, and diffusion time. Of particular interest was the identification of parameter sets for which the sum of TE and TM splitting ratios equals unity, as required for electro-optic and acousto-optic tunable filter designs with relaxed beam-splitter requirements. Directional couplers that closely match this criterion were obtained by diffusion of 3.5-mm-long, 7-microm-wide Ti strips separated by 11 microm for 11 h. It was found that a bending angle of 0.6 degrees for input and output waveguides produces lower transmission loss for both polarizations than a 1.0 degree bend angle (>1-dB loss reduction).
Comparative Study on 3-Nitropropionic Acid Neurotoxicity (2000)

The complex etiologies and mechanisms of cell death associated with, as well as protective/reparative techniques for several neurodegenerative disorders, have been examined using animal models. We have witnessed during the last 5 yr advances in gene knockout animal models and how these animal systems can pave the way for better understanding of human diseases. For example, the discovery of the gene underlying Huntington’s disease (HD) opens the possibility that genetic therapy may be the next logical step toward finding a cure for this disease. HD is a progressive debilitating disorder associated with severe degeneration of basal ganglia neurons, especially the intrinsic neurons of the striatum, and characterized by involuntary abnormal choreiform movements and progressive dementia. In this chapter, cross-species models of HD are discussed, which recently received critical attention from researchers interested in the involvement of impaired energy metabolism in the evolution of the disease. The preceding chapters dealt largely with the utility of rodent model of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), which has been demonstrated as closely resembling the neurobiological and clinical symptoms of the disease.
Supplementary Figure from Epigenetic Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Alter Repetitive Element Expression in a <i>TP53</i>-Dependent Manner (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Epigenetic Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Alter Repetitive Element Expression in a &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;-Dependent Manner
Supplementary Figure 1 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 324K&lt;/p&gt;
Porcine Bladder Replacement with a Bilayer Silk Fibroin Enhanced Prosthetic Reservoir: A Feasibility Study (2022)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The creation of synthetic reservoirs for bladder replacement has been limited by challenges of interfacing synthetic materials and native tissue. We sought to overcome this challenge by utilizing a novel bilayer silk fibroin scaffold (BLSF) as an intermediary toward the development of an acellular prosthetic reservoir. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Under institutionally approved protocols, 3D-printed reservoirs were implanted in six juvenile female pigs after cystectomy. BLSF was attached to the <i>in situ</i> prosthetic reservoir serving as an intermediary to native ureteral and urethral tissue anastomoses. Our first protocol allowed four pigs to be survived up to 7 days, and the second protocol allowed two pigs to be survived for up to 1 year. At the first sign of functional decline or the end of the study period, the animals were euthanized, and kidneys, ureters, prosthetic bladder, and urethra were harvested en bloc for histopathology analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The first two pigs had anastomotic urine leaks because of design flaws resulting in early termination. The third pig had acute renal failure resulting in early termination. The artificial bladder design was modified in subsequent iterations. The fourth pig survived for 7 days and, upon autopsy, had intact urethral and ureteral anastomoses. The fifth and sixth pigs survived for 11 and 12 weeks, respectively, before they were sacrificed because of failure to thrive. One animal developed an enteric fistula. The other animal had an intact anastomosis, and the BLFS was identified at the ureteral and urethral anastomoses on histopathologic analysis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Replacing the porcine bladder with a prosthetic bladder was achieved for up to 3 months, the second longest survival period for a nonbiologic bladder alternative. BLSF was used for the first time to create an interface between synthetic material and biologic tissue by allowing ingrowth of urothelium onto the acellular alloplastic bladder.
Iterative decoding algorithms for I-Q space-time codes (2003)

I-Q ST codes have shown the potential to provide high coding gains in rapid fading environments. The optimal decoding of I-Q ST codes involves the use of the super-trellis of the I and Q codes, which is complex in general. This paper proposes two iterative decoding algorithms for I-Q ST codes. The proposed algorithms have similar performance to optimal decoding with much lower complexity.
Challenges in Recognizing Spontaneous and Intentionally Expressed Reactions to Positive and Negative Images (2020)

This paper presents a preliminary exploration of the challenges of automatically recognizing positive and negative facial expressions in both spontaneous and intentionally expressed conditions. Instead of recognizing iconic basic emotion states, which we have found to be less common in typical human computer interaction, we instead attempted to recognize only positive versus negative states. Our hypothesis was that this would prove more accurate if participants intentionally expressed their feelings. Our study consisted of analyzing video from seven participants, each participating in two sessions. Participants were asked to view 20 images, 10 positive and 10 negative, selected from the OASIS image data set. In the first session participants were instructed to react normally, while in the second session they were asked to intentionally express the emotion they felt when looking at each image. We extracted facial action coding units (AUs) from the recorded video and found that on average, intentionally expressed emotions generated 33% more AU intensity across action units associated with both negative emotions (AU1, AU2, AU4 and AU5) and 117% more intensity for AUs associated with positive emotions (AU6 and AU12). We also show that wide variation exists both in average participant responses across images and in individual reactions to images and that simply taking a ration of our identified action units is not sufficient to determine if a response is positive or negative even in the intentionally expressed case.
Stimulation of faecal excretion in rats by α2-adrenergic antagonists (1992)

The effects of several alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists on faecal output and water content in rats were investigated. Fed rats were treated either subcutaneously (s.c.) or orally with phentolamine, idazoxan, yohimbine, 1-(2-pyrimidinyl) piperazine (PmP) or prazosin. Drug potencies were compared on the basis of the dose inducing excretion of 1 g dry weight of faeces (AD1) by rats that do not normally excrete any faecal pellet during the observation time. The alpha 2-antagonist, idazoxan (AD1 = 0.25 mg kg-1, s.c.) was approximately 2.5, 4 and 8 times more potent than PmP, phentolamine and yohimbine in promoting faecal excretion. Prazosin, an alpha 1-antagonist with putative affinity for the alpha 2B-receptor subtype, was the least effective (AD1 greater than 5 mg kg-1, s.c.). The same compounds also increased the water content of faeces and had similar potencies by the oral route. Both clonidine (0.15 mg kg-1, s.c.) and atropine (0.2 mg kg-1, s.c.) significantly prevented the effects of all antagonists on faecal excretion. The present results are consistent with the view that rat colon is under tonic inhibitory control of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, whose blockage by specific antagonists induces faecal excretion. The alpha 2A-receptor subtype appears to be the most likely candidate for controlling faecal excretion through inhibition of acetylcholine release.
The Stuff that Heroes Are Made Of: Elastic, Sticky, Messy Literacies in Children’s Transmedial Cultures (2018)

In this article, we feature a graphic story, comic, and animated film research study that considers how children design and produce narratives within transmedial worlds.
DA vision 2015: From here to eternity (2015)

Design automation (DA) is at a historical moment where it has a chance - after mathematics, statistics, and computer science - to establish itself as the fourth universal approach with widespread applications in a variety of scientific, engineering, and economic domains. We start by outlining some of the most important research contributions and industrial applications of the design automation; we identify key conceptual DA techniques and describe how they interact to form synthesis and analysis flows. Next, we discuss the most attractive emerging and pending DA domains by analyzing several recent technologies, applications, and conceptual trends. Our emphasis is not just on the most challenging research or the most lucrative application areas but also on the technological trends relevant to DA. Furthermore, we elaborate on the types of new DA techniques and tools that are required for further fundamental progress and improved practical relevance. In order to provide a balanced picture of DA, we also identify the most pronounced dangers in false starts and false research in DA. Finally, we briefly discuss the need for a DA educational reform and community social reorganization that are beneficial for rapid and impactful research and development contributions.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Toll-like Receptor Agonist Imiquimod Facilitates Antigen-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Accumulation in the Genital Tract Leading to Tumor Control through IFNγ (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. Characterization of tumor infiltrating T cells following treatment with systemic DNA vaccination and locally applied imiquimod&lt;/p&gt;