gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Integrated Bearingless Hollow-Shaft Drive (2006)

This paper describes a novel and compact design concept for contactless levitation and rotation of a wide annular rotor through the walls of a process chamber. In the proposed set-up, a homopolar magnetic bearing biased by permanent magnets is combined with a high-pole-number segment motor. The paper describes the functional principle of the motor focusing on the design and the behavior of the drive. An experimental system is presented along with a comprehensive set of measurement results verifying the theoretical considerations
CFD Approach to Evaluate Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Compressors (2016)

How to deal with the heat transfer inside compressors is one of the main challenges on its design nowadays. The heating of the gas entering the compressors decreases its density reducing directly the mass flow and compressor efficiency, so should be avoid. To study this topic it was developed a full three-dimensional model of the gas and the solid parts inside a compressor. Prescribed steady state mass flow rate is imposed at suction and discharge tubes and heat sources due electrical and mechanical inefficiencies of the compressor are imposed. The portion of the suction and cavity gas are separated from the portion of the discharge gas and an isentropic compression from the suction muffler outlet temperature is assumed to define the temperature of the gas flowing through the discharge port. The main advantage of this approach is the directly calculation of the heat transfer coefficients from the solid parts to the fluid, however with a high computational cost. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement is some parts, but some disagreement in order, probably due poor mesh resolution affecting negatively the heat exchange prediction and also due the non-consideration of the oil flowing inside the compressor, which are topics for future investigations.
Determining if Telomeres Matter in Colon Cancer Initiation or Progression (2013)

The nucleus of each human cell contains 46 linear chromosomes (92 ends) that are capped by thousands of repetitive TTAGGG DNA sequences (similar to the plastic tips on shoelaces). These ends, called “telomeres” have complex roles in aging and cancer and have proven to be intricately involved in such pivotal processes as the protection of genetic material, the completion of chromosome replication, the regulation of cellular aging due to progressively shortening telomeres throughout life, the initial protection against unlimited cellular growth, and, in combination with other alterations, the promotion of cancer progression. A collection of six proteins that either bind or associate with telomeres (the shelterin complex) begin to resolve a central question of how cells distinguish telomere ends from typical genomic DNA double-strand breaks (1). The consequences of telomere dysfunction are becoming more apparent by examining a growing list of human genetic diseases called telomeropathies. In certain inherited and familial cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, dyskeratosis congenita, and sporadic bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia), inheritance of short telomeres due to mutations in genes involved in the ribonucleoprotein telomerase holoenzyme lead to premature aging phenotypes (2). Telomerase is the cellular reverse transcriptase that can add TTAGGG repeats onto the telomeres and is active during early human development (3) but is silent in most adult tissues except proliferating stem cells, unless it is upregulated as part of cancer progression (4).
Synthesis and Characterization of Triarylamine-Based Copolymers Containing Carbazole Units Linked at 3,9 Positions in Main Chain (2017)

高い熱的安定性，正孔輸送性をもつ高分子正孔輸送材料の開発のため，3,9位で連結したN-アリールカルバゾール単位および4-ブチルトリフェニルアミン単位を主鎖に含むポリアリールアミン系共重合体をPd触媒C-Nカップリング反応により合成した．合成した高分子の数平均分子量は，7.3から12 kg mol－1であり，クロロホルム，クロロベンゼンなどの溶媒に可溶であった．紫外可視光吸収スペクトルからカルバゾール単位を導入することにより最大吸収および吸収端波長が短波長シフトし，バンドギャップの増大が認められた．DSC測定からカルバゾール環の導入によりガラス転移温度の上昇(267°C)が観察され，高分子の剛直性が増大することがわかった．空間電荷制限電流(SCLC)特性から正孔移動度を算出したところ，カルバゾール単位の導入により移動度は向上し，上記の共重合体で1.5×10－5 cm2 V－1 s－1となった．
Thermodynamic Properties of Light Synthetic Natural Gas Mixtures Using the RK−PR Cubic Equation of State (2006)

In this work, we test the recently developed generalized Redlich−Kwong/Peng−Robinson (RK−PR) three-parameter cubic equation of state for predicting thermodynamic properties of light, synthetic natural gas mixtures using the simple one-fluid mixing rule. The required binary interaction parameters (considered temperature-independent) come from correlation of literature vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the involved binary systems covering wide temperature and pressure ranges. Densities and phase envelopes of natural gas mixtures calculated with the equation of state are compared to highly accurate literature data to check the validity of the model. We also report comparisons with the predictions obtained from the Patel−Teja (PT) and the molecular-based, perturbed-chain SAFT (PC−SAFT) equations of state. RK−PR has good predictive ability for these systems considering its simplicity.
Distributed Loop Controller for Multithreading in Unithreaded ILP Architectures (2008)

Reduced energy consumption is one of the most important design goals for embedded application domains like wireless communication, multimedia and biomedical applications. The instruction memory hierarchy has been proven to be one of the most power hungry parts of the system. This paper introduces an architectural enhancement for the instruction memory to reduce energy consumption and improve performance. The proposed distributed instruction memory organization requires minimal hardware overhead and supports the execution of multiple incompatible loops in parallel in a uni-processor system. We present different methods to implement the loop controller architecture, compare them, and show that distributing the instruction memory helps to reduce the interconnect cost as well. This architecture enhancement can reduce the energy consumed in the instruction memory hierarchy by 59% and improve the performance by 22% compared to hardware based enhanced SMT based architectures.
Influence of light pattern thickness on the manipulation of dielectric microparticles by optoelectronic tweezers (2021)

Optoelectronic tweezer (OET) is a useful optical micromanipulation technology that has been demonstrated for various applications in electrical engineering and most notably cell selection for biomedical engineering. In this work, we studied the use of light patterns with different shapes and thicknesses to manipulate dielectric microparticles with OET. It was demonstrated that the maximum velocities of the microparticles increase to a peak and then gradually decrease as the light pattern’s thickness increases. Numerical simulations were run to clarify the underlying physical mechanisms, and it was found that the observed phenomenon is due to the co-influence of horizontal and vertical dielectrophoresis forces related to the light pattern’s thickness. Further experiments were run on light patterns with different shapes and objects with different sizes and structures. The experimental results indicate that the physical mechanism elucidated in this research is an important one that applies to different light pattern shapes and different objects, which is useful for enabling users to optimize OET settings for future micromanipulation applications.
Chemical sensors based on photonic crystal nanolasers (2004)

Photonic crystal nano-lasers that permit introduction of analyte within the peak of the optical field of the lasing mode are realized, and they are used to perform spectroscopic tests on femtoliter volumes of analyte.
A novel control for two-stage DC/DC converter with fast dynamic response (2004)

This paper investigates the dynamic response relationship with nonlinear gain instead of conventional linear relationship in two-stage DC-DC converter, and proposes a simple novel control method for two-stage converter with fast dynamic response; it has large operating duty ratio and large voltage step-down ratio, suitable for low voltage application. Most importantly, it can achieve fast dynamic response without pushing higher frequency due to its large voltage gain slew rate. Finally an experimental prototype was carried out to verify the theoretical analysis.
Effect of passive muscle stretching in osteoarthritis of the hip (1989)

1. Twenty-five minute daily muscle stretching, perpendicular to the fibre direction of the adductor muscles without movement of the hip, was performed in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. 2. Before and after treatment hip abduction was measured and muscle biopsies were taken for analysis of fibre cross-sectional areas of type 1 and type 2 fibres as well as adenosine 5'-triphosphate, creatine phosphate and glycogen contents. 3. From the results it is concluded that passive muscle stretching leads to a significant increase in hip abduction of 8.3 degrees (P less than 0.05). There was also a significant increase of type 1 and type 2 fibre cross-sectional area and of glycogen content after the treatment period (P less than 0.05), but the concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and creatine phosphate did not change significantly.
The Pushshift Reddit Dataset (2020)

Social media data has become crucial to the advancement of scientific understanding. However, even though it has become ubiquitous, just collecting large-scale social media data involves a high degree of engineering skill set and computational resources. In fact, research is often times gated by data engineering problems that must be overcome before analysis can proceed. This has resulted recognition of datasets as meaningful research contributions in and of themselves. Reddit, the so called "front page of the Internet," in particular has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Although Reddit is relatively open to data acquisition compared to social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, the technical barriers to acquisition still remain. Thus, Reddit's millions of subreddits, hundreds of millions of users, and hundreds of billions of comments are at the same time relatively accessible, but time consuming to collect and analyze systematically. In this paper, we present the Pushshift Reddit dataset. Pushshift is a social media data collection, analysis, and archiving platform that since 2015 has collected Reddit data and made it available to researchers. Pushshift's Reddit dataset is updated in real-time, and includes historical data back to Reddit's inception. In addition to monthly dumps, Pushshift provides computational tools to aid in searching, aggregating, and performing exploratory analysis on the entirety of the dataset. The Pushshift Reddit dataset makes it possible for social media researchers to reduce time spent in the data collection, cleaning, and storage phases of their projects.
Recent Advances on SGLT 2 Inhibitors: Synthetic Approaches, Therapeutic Benefits, and Adverse Events (2021)

Diabetes mellitus comprises serious metabolic disorders currently affecting almost 500 million people globally – an estimate predicted to rise up to approximately 700 million by 2045. With time, permanently high blood sugar levels caused either by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (type 1 diabetes) or peripheral insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes) may lead to cardiovascular complications and kidney damage, among other causes of high morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Sodium–glucose-linked transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors are the most recent class of antidiabetic drugs approved by regulatory authorities and have recently been associated with remarkable clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and related comorbidities. This multidisciplinary review chapter covers the most recent and innovative synthetic approaches for the generation of gliflozin SGLT2 inhibitors, together with the newest results of clinical trials and real-world evidence studies, with special focus on the years of 2019 and 2020. Up-to-date data on glycemic control, cardioprotective, and renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are herein explored, as well as common adverse events experienced by patients in the course of their treatment, both in the context of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Search for Heavy Higgs Bosons A/H Decaying to a Top Quark Pair in pp Collisions at s=8  TeV with the ATLAS Detector (2017)

A search for heavy pseudoscalar (A) and scalar (H) Higgs bosons decaying into a top quark pair (tt[over ¯]) has been performed with 20.3 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=8 TeV. Interference effects between the signal process and standard model tt[over ¯] production, which are expected to distort the signal shape from a single peak to a peak-dip structure, are taken into account. No significant deviation from the standard model prediction is observed in the tt[over ¯] invariant mass spectrum in final states with an electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets. The results are interpreted within the context of a type-II two-Higgs-doublet model. Exclusion limits on the signal strength are derived as a function of the mass m_{A/H} and the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs fields, tanβ, for m_{A/H}>500 GeV.
Evaluation of Somatostatin Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Exocrine Function Using Secretin-Enhanced Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (2006)

Low doses of somatostatin inhibit pancreatic exocrine secretions as demonstrated noninvasively with MRCP.
Nanoscale thermal–mechanical probe determination of ‘softening transitions’ in thin polymer films (2008)

We report a quantitative study of the softening behavior of glassy polystyrene (PS) films at length scales on the order of 100 nm using nano-thermomechanometry (nano-TM), an emerging scanning probe technique in which a highly doped silicon atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip is resistively heated on the surface of a polymer film. The apparent 'softening temperature' T(s) of the film is found to depend on the logarithm of the square root of the thermal ramping rate R. This relation allows us to estimate a quasi-equilibrium (or zero rate) softening transition temperature T(s0) by extrapolation. We observe marked shifts of T(s0) with decreasing film thickness, but the nature of these shifts, and even their sign, depend strongly on both the thermal and mechanical properties of the supporting substrate. Finite element simulations suggest that thin PS films on rigid substrates with large thermal conductivities lead to increasing T(s0) with decreasing film thickness, whereas softer, less thermally conductive substrates promote reductions in T(s0). Experimental observations on a range of substrates confirm this behavior and indicate a complicated interplay between the thermal and mechanical properties of the thin PS film and the substrate. This study directly points to relevant factors for quantitative measurements of thermophysical properties of materials at the nanoscale using this nano-TM based method.
High- <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula> Bandstop Filters Exploiting Acoustic-Wave-Lumped-Element Resonators (AWLRs) (2015)

This brief focuses on the radio frequency (RF) design of novel high-quality-factor (Q) reflective-type bandstop filters (BSFs) with narrow bandwidth (BW), small physical size, and large stopband attenuation levels. They are realized by merging acoustic-wave-lumped-element resonators (AWLRs) and lumped-element impedance inverters in a single filter architecture. In this manner, deep stopband notches that correspond to resonators with effective quality factors (Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">seff</sub> ) on the order of 1000 are created. Furthermore, the obtained rejection bands exhibit fractional BWs that are no longer restricted by the electromechanical coupling coefficient k2t of the constituent acoustic wave (AW) resonators as opposed to the traditional all-AW filters. Experimental prototypes of first and third-order frequency-static BSFs were built and tested at 418 MHz to validate the proposed concept. Measured stopbands with 3-dB BWs from 0.2 to 0.5 MHz, maximum stopband attenuation in the range of 15-43 dB, and passband insertion loss between 0.37 and 1.6 dB are reported. Moreover, an electronically switchable BSF with dynamic notch allocation is presented as a practical demonstrator device for switchable RF-interference suppression. A design methodology that relates to coupled-resonator filter formalism is also addressed to facilitate the systematic theoretical synthesis of the engineered AWLR-based reflective-type BSFs.
A Novel, Efficient, Diastereo- and Enantioselective Mukaiyama Aldol-Based Synthesis of a Vinyl Cyclopentanone Core Derivative of Viridenomycin (2007)

A strategy has been developed for a rapid seven-step construction of a chiral, nonracemic vinyl cyclopentanone building block as part of a synthetic approach to viridenomycin, using a diastereo- and enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol and intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation as key steps.
Wireless channel prediction in a modern office building using an image-based ray tracing method (2002)

The methodology of a three dimensional image-based ray tracing algorithm is presented. Building information and antenna properties are used to predict wideband channels in a modern office building. Comparisons between prediction results and measurement results are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular Layer Deposition of Aluminum Alkoxide Polymer Films Using Trimethylaluminum and Glycidol (2011)

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) of aluminum alkoxide polymer films was examined using trimethlyaluminum (TMA) and glycidol (GLY) as the reactants. Glycidol is a high vapor pressure heterobifunctional reactant with both hydroxyl and epoxy chemical functionalites. These two different functionalities help avoid "double reactions" that are common with homobifuctional reactants. A variety of techniques, including in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, were employed to study the film growth. FTIR measurements at 100 and 125 °C observed the selective reaction of the GLY hydroxyl group with the AlCH(3) surface species during GLY exposure. Epoxy ring-opening and methyl transfer from TMA to the surface epoxy species were then monitored during TMA exposure. This epoxy ring-opening reaction is dependent on strong Lewis acid-base interactions between aluminum and oxygen. The QCM experiments observed linear growth with self-limiting surface reactions at 100-175 °C under certain growth conditions. With a sufficient purge time of 20 s after TMA and GLY exposures at 125 °C, the mass gain per cycle (MGPC) was 19.8 ng/cm(2)-cycle. The individual mass gains after the TMA and GLY exposures were also consistent with a TMA/GLY stoichiometry of 4:3 in the MLD film. This TMA/GLY stoichiometry suggests the presence of Al(2)O(2) dimeric core species. The MLD films resulting from these TMA and GLY exposures also evolved with annealing temperature to form thinner conformal porous films with increased density. Non-self-limiting growth was a problem at shorter purge times and lower temperatures. With shorter purge times of 10 s at 125 °C, the MPGC increased dramatically to 134 ng/cm(2)-cycle. The individual mass gains after the TMA and GLY exposures in the CVD regime were consistent with a TMA/GLY stoichiometry of 1:1. The MGPC decreased progressively versus purge time. This behavior was attributed to the removal of reactants that could lead to CVD and the instability of the surface species after the reactant exposures. These results reveal that the TMA and GLY reaction displays much complexity and must be carefully controlled to be a useful MLD process.
Proviral Sequences That Restrict Retroviral Expression in Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cells (1987)

Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are nonpermissive for retrovirus replication. Restriction of retroviral expression in EC cells was studied by using DNA transfection techniques. To investigate the activity of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV)enhancer and promoter sequences, the M-MuLV long terminal repeat and the defined long terminal repeat deletions were linked to neo structural gene sequences that encode resistance to the neomycin analog G418. Transient expression data and drug resistance frequencies support the findings that the M-MuLV enhancer is not active in EC cells but that promoter sequences are functional. In addition, a proviral DNA fragment that encodes the leader RNA sequence of a M-MuLV recombinant retrovirus was found to restrict expression specifically in EC cells. Deletion analysis of the leader fragment localized the inhibitory sequences to a region that spans the M-MuLV tRNA primer binding site. It is not known whether restriction occurs at a transcriptional or posttranscriptional level, but steady-state RNA levels in transient expression assays were significantly reduced.
Separating nonlinear propagation and cavitation effects in HIFU (2004)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can destroy tumors or stop internal bleeding. The primary physical mechanism in HIFU is the conversion of acoustic energy to heat, which as HIFU amplitude increases is enhanced by nonlinear acoustic propagation and nonlinear scattering from bubbles. The goal of this work is to study and separate the effects of nonlinear propagation and cavitation during HIFU heating of tissue. Transparent polyacrylamide gel was used as a tissue-mimicking phantom to visualize HIFU lesion growth. Lesion size was also measured in excised turkey breast. Lesions were produced by the same time-averaged intensity, but with different peak acoustic pressure amplitudes compensated by different duty cycles. In order to separate cavitation and nonlinear wave effects, experiments were performed under static pressure (10.34MPa) greater than the peak negative pressure amplitude of the sound waves (8.96MPa). Suppression of cavitation by overpressure was measured by reduced acoustic scattering and transmission loss in the treatment region. We found that, with the same time-averaged intensity, a shorter, higher amplitude wave created a larger lesion than a longer, lower amplitude wave with or without overpressure.
The in vitro construction of a tissue engineered bioprosthetic heart valve (1997)

It is feasible to construct allogenic heart valve tissue which could be used to make a valve.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Aminomethylation of Unactivated Alkenes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Redox Regulation of Protein Misfolding, Synaptic Damage, and Neuronal Loss in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases Generation of RNS/ROS Via NMDA Receptor-Mediated Glutamatergic Signaling Pathways Nitrosative Stress Regulates Protein Misfolding and Neuronal Cell Death S-Nitrosylation of Parkin S-Nitrosylation of PDI S-Nitrosylation of Drp1 Conclusions Acknowledgments References