gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preserving Honest/Dishonest Users’ Operational Privacy with Blind Interference Calculation in Spectrum Sharing System (2019)

Spectrum sharing has been gaining its popular adoption as a potential solution to improve spectrum utilization in future wireless systems. Both Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) support dynamic spectrum access (DSA) as an enabling technology for spectrum sharing. To effectively realize DSA in practice, users (from both defense and commercial sectors) are required to share their (radio) operational information, which risks exposing their security, privacy, and business plan to unintended agents. Protecting users' operating information is hence the key to DSA's success. In this paper, taking the FCC's spectrum access system (SAS) as a study case, we investigate the operational privacy issue of Incumbent Users (IUs) and honest/dishonest Secondary Users (SUs). For the case of IUs and honest SUs, we propose a privacy-preserving scheme for DSA by leveraging encryption and obfuscation methods (PSEO). To implement PSEO, we introduce an interference calculation scheme that allows users to calculate an interference budget without revealing operational information (e.g., antenna height, transmit power, location...), referred to as the blind interference calculation scheme (BICS). BICS also reduces the computing overhead of PSEO, compared with FCC's SAS by moving interference budgeting tasks to local users and calculating it in an offline manner. To further save the overhead in calculating the interference map, we introduce a quantization method and optimize the grid sizes of the terrestrial area of interest. Additionally, for the case of IUs and dishonest SUs, we propose a “punishment and forgiveness” (PF) mechanism, which draws support from SUs' reputation scores (RSs) and reputation histories (RHs), to encourage SUs to provide truthful information. Theoretical analysis and extensive simulations show that our proposed PSEO and PF-PSEO schemes can better protect all users' operational privacy under various privacy attacks, yielding higher spectrum utilization with less online overhead, compared with state of the art approaches.
Supplementary Information from Host-Dependent Phenotypic Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF (DIOXYGEN)BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)PALLADIUM IN CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS (1982)

Abstract Elektronenspektroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die aus Tetrakis‐[phosphin]‐Pd(0)‐Komplexen (I) gebildeten Disauerstoff‐Komplexe (II) bei Bestrahlung in Methylenchlorid in Gegenwart von freiem Phosphin die Dichloro‐bis‐[phosphin]‐Pd(II)‐Komplexe (III) und die Phosphinoxide (IV) bilden.
Low-overhead error detection for Networks-on-Chip (2009)

In the current deep sub-micron age, interconnect reliability is a subject of major concern, and is crucial for a successful product. Coding is a widely-used method to achieve communication reliability, which can be very useful in a network-on-chip (NoC). A key challenge for NoC error detection is to provide a defined detection level, while minimizing the number of redundant parity bits, using small encoder and decoder circuits, and ensuring shortest path routing. We present parity routing (PaR), a novel method to reduce the number of redundant bits transmitted. PaR exploits NoC path diversity to reduce the number of redundant parity bits. Our analysis shows that, for example, on a 4×4 NoC with a demand of one parity bit, PaR reduces the redundant information transmitted by 75%, and the savings increase asymptotically to 100% with the size of the NoC. In addition, we show that PaR can yield power savings due to the reduced number of bit transmissions and simple decoding process. Furthermore, PaR utilizes low complexity, small-area circuits.
Abstract 1943: PARG inhibitors exhibit synthetic lethality with XRCC1 deficiency and a cellular mechanism of action that is distinct from PARP inhibition (2018)

Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) hydrolyzes poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains that are polymerized by PARP enzymes, completing the PAR cycle. Small molecule inhibitors of PARG result in a dose dependent increase in cellular PAR after DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that depletion of XRCC1, a scaffolding protein with an essential role in base-excision repair (BER), sensitizes cancer cells to PARG inhibition. XRCC1 deficient cells exhibit increased nuclear PAR foci in response to PARG inhibition even in the absence of DNA damaging agents. Inhibition of PARP1 with RNAi or small molecule inhibitors rescues cell growth inhibition and reduces the amount of cellular PAR accumulation in PARG inhibitor treated cells. This indicates that the cellular growth inhibition is dependent upon cellular PAR levels, demonstrating selectivity of the small molecule inhibitors for PARG. We hypothesized that inhibition of PAR hydrolysis could result in depletion of cellular NAD as this could prevent recycling of PAR to NAD. Consistent with this hypothesis, PARG inhibition enhanced NAD depletion after treatment of cells with the DNA damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Live cell imaging of XRCC1 depleted cells treated with a PARG inhibitor revealed that cells have large membrane protrusions, similar to the morphology of cells that have been treated with a NAMPT inhibitor, which results in depletion of cellular NAD. Furthermore, addition of the NAD precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) rescued proliferation of PARG inhibited cells. Taken together, these data support a hypothesis in which PARG inhibitors are cytotoxic to sensitive cancer cells via depletion of NAD, ultimately starving the cell of ATP. Thus, PARG inhibition is a novel strategy for exploiting synthetic lethality in cancer cells. The defects that sensitize cancer cells to PARG inhibition are distinct from those that sensitize to PARP inhibitors, namely defects in homology directed repair. Approximately 15% of breast cancer samples exhibit low or no XRCC1 by IHC. A subset (approximately 35%) of the XRCC1 low patient samples also have defects in BRCA1, suggesting that the majority of XRCC1 low tumors may not be responsive to PARP inhibitors. Small molecule PARG inhibitors are currently being evaluated for efficacy in XRCC1 low xenograft models. Citation Format: Leenus Martin, Tzuling Cheng, Dominic I. James, Habiba Begum, Kate M. Smith, Allan Jordan, Ian Waddell, Kedar Vaidya, Marcus Fischer, Bing Yao, Jason Drummond, Leah Cleary, Ruben Martinez, James Sutton, Nandini Ravindran, James Joseph, Eleni Venetsanakos, Michael Dillon, Jeffrey H. Hager, Lisa D. Belmont. PARG inhibitors exhibit synthetic lethality with XRCC1 deficiency and a cellular mechanism of action that is distinct from PARP inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1943.
The dichotomy of mechanisms of copper accumulation in yeast induced by enhanced levels of copper as well as menadione in growth media (1989)

A high copper accumulation is induced in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae either by menadione at the level of 200 μM in the growth medium, or by elevated concentrations of copper. While the uptake, as well as the toxicity of copper, strongly depend on the zinc concentration in the medium, there is no influence of zinc on copper intake induced by menadione. The copper binding ligand d-penicillamine suppresses the accumulation of copper in the menadione systen, whereas it has virtually no effect in the copper system. Within the range of non-toxic concentrations, copper is predominantly taken up by an energy-dependent mechanism. In contrast, the accumulation in the menadione system is clearly energy-independent. Thus there exist at least two different mechanisms for the uptake of copper in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
T-cell infiltration in autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy. (2010)

Aberrant T-cell-mediated processes may underlie ADNIV, and therapeutics directed at T cells may better manage inflammation in these patients. Genes related to T-cell function are high priority screening candidates.
193 Optogenetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex Neurons Promotes Functional Recovery After Stroke (2013)

INTRODUCTION: Functional recovery after stroke has been observed in both animal and human studies and is currently attributed to both brain remodeling and plasticity. Brain stimulation techniques such as electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been used successfully to enhance recovery. However, what mediates this recovery is not well understood. Elucidating the mechanism(s) is difficult because these stimulation techniques non-specifically activate all cell types near the stimulation site. Here we use optogenetic techniques to specifically stimulate layer V pyramidal neurons in the ipsilesional motor cortex at day 5 post-stroke, and investigate the effects on functional recovery as well as underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Thy-1-ChR2-YFP line-18 transgenic male mice were used. Mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to implant a fiber cannula in the ipsilesional M1. All mice were then subjected to an intraluminal middle cerebral artery suture occlusion (30 minutes). Optogenetic stimulation began at day 5 post-stroke and continued until day 14 post-stroke. Sensorimotor behavior tests were used to assess their behavioral recovery at day 0, 2, 7, 10 and 14 post-stroke. Changes in cerebral blood flow following stimulation were measured at day 14 post-stroke using the Laser Doppler Flowmetry. RESULTS: Rotating beam test revealed that stimulated mice recovered significantly faster than non-stimulated control mice at day 10 and 14 after stroke (P < .05). Stimulated mice also performed significantly better in the adhesive tape test at day 14, with a shorter tape removal time on the contralesional limb (P < .05). Cerebral blood flow measurements revealed that stimulated mice exhibited significantly larger increase in cerebral blood flow following stimulation at day 14 post-stroke (P < .05-.01). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that optogenetic stimulation of motor cortex neurons can promote behavioral recovery in mice after stroke. Current studies examine the mechanisms underlying this recovery, including genes related to neurotrophic factors after stimulation.
Partially labeled topic models for interpretable text mining (2011)

Abstract Much of the world's electronic text is annotated with human-interpretable labels, such as tags on web pages and subject codes on academic publications. Effective text mining in this setting requires models that can flexibly account for the textual patterns that underlie the observed labels while still discovering unlabeled topics. Neither supervised classification, with its focus on label prediction, nor purely unsupervised learning, which does not model the labels explicitly, is appropriate. In this paper, we present two new partially supervised generative models of labeled text, Partially Labeled Dirichlet Allocation (PLDA) and the Partially Labeled Dirichlet Process (PLDP). These models make use of the unsupervised learning machinery of topic models to discover the hidden topics within each label, as well as unlabeled, corpus-wide latent topics. We explore applications with qualitative case studies of tagged web pages from del.icio.us and PhD dissertation abstracts, demonstrating improved model interpretability over traditional topic models. We use the many tags present in our del.icio.us dataset to quantitatively demonstrate the new models' higher correlation with human relatedness scores over several strong baselines.
Design methodology of portable upper limb exoskeletons for people with strokes (2023)

rehabilitation exoskeletons, which resemble the human arm's anatomical structure and work in parallel with the affected limb.
Using the Handbook to Design Devices (2013)

When designing Compliant Mechanisms (CMs) there are special concerns and trade-offs to consider as compared to more traditional mechanisms. Three inter-related areas where designers need to consider trade-offs are: fatigue failure, achieving large deflections, and maintaining off-axis stiffness. While the fatigue life of a CM is a concern, there are many ways to mitigate fatigue and still achieve desired performance levels. Three basic ways to achieve large deflections are: reducing the moment of inertia of an element in bending, increasing the length of the element in bending or torsion, and arranging deflecting elements in series. When comparing design of CMs with rigid-body mechanisms, it is essential to note the inherent coupling of forces and movement. This relationship can create the potential for unique and efficient performance characteristics. To synthesize a CM a designer can modify a concept found in the handbook library or combine concepts.
Multimode fibre transmission using room temperature double-fused 1.54 /spl mu/m vertical-cavity lasers (1996)

We have used double-fused 1.54 /spl mu/m InGaAsP MQW vertical cavity lasers (VCLs) at room temperature to successfully transmit 155 Mbit/s signals over 1 km of multimode fibre. The VCL diameter ranged from 8 to 26 /spl mu/m.
Assessing differentially private deep learning with Membership Inference (2019)

Attacks that aim to identify the training data of public neural networks represent a severe threat to the privacy of individuals participating in the training data set. A possible protection is offered by anonymization of the training data or training function with differential privacy. However, data scientists can choose between local and central differential privacy and need to select meaningful privacy parameters $ε$ which is challenging for non-privacy experts. We empirically compare local and central differential privacy mechanisms under white- and black-box membership inference to evaluate their relative privacy-accuracy trade-offs. We experiment with several datasets and show that this trade-off is similar for both types of mechanisms. This suggests that local differential privacy is a sound alternative to central differential privacy for differentially private deep learning, since small $ε$ in central differential privacy and large $ε$ in local differential privacy result in similar membership inference attack risk.
Centrifugal Formulation of Percolating Thermal Underfills for Flip-Chip Applications (2012)

In this work, a methodology for the formulation of densely packed percolating thermal underfills is presented. The methodology involves centrifugal acceleration of particles, which are placed in chip cavities of 60 micrometer in height due to the action of the applied centrifugal force. Each cavity mimics the gap between a chip and a laminate or between dies in 3D packages. High thermally conductive particles, including: diamond, boron nitride and graphite are used to fill the cavities; followed by an epoxy backfilling and curing steps. The filling fraction and the associated thermal conductivity of the composite material is characterized by means of optic and electron microscopy and measured using our thermal tester, respectively. We have found that the presented methodology is relatively insensitive to the shape and size of the particle being used. Very high filling fractions approaching those corresponding to the theoretical maximum were routinely measured, ranging between 45 to 69 vol% and thermal conductivities between 1.7 and 2.5 Wm(exp -1)K(exp -1); outperforming in this way, available commercial capillary thermal underfills by at least a factor of 2. The methodology presents an efficient approach to reduce die-to-substrate and die-to-die heat resistance, improving heat dissipation in mobile and 3D stacking applications.
Characterisation of the Components of a Prototype Scanning Intelligent Imaging System for Use in Digital Mammography: The I-ImaS System (2009)

The physical performance characteristics of a prototype scanning digital mammography (DM) system have been investigated. The I-ImaS system utilises CMOS MAPS technology promoting on-chip data processing; consequently statistical analysis is therefore achievable in real-time for the purpose of exposure modulation via a feedback mechanism during the image acquisition procedure. The imager employs a dual array of twenty CMOS APS sensing devices each individually coupled to a 100 mum thick thallium doped structured CsI scintillator. The X-ray performance of the sensors was characterised where the presampled modulation transfer function (MTF), normalised noise power spectrum (NNPS), and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) was determined. The presampled MTF was measured utilising the slit technique and was found to be 0.1 at 6 lp/mm. The NNPS measured utilising a W/Al target/filter combination hardened with 38 mm PMMA was seen to decrease with increasing exposure as expected and the manifesting DQE was 0.30 at close to zero spatial frequency at an exposure of 1.75 mR. Preliminary image stitching of the individual steps acquired from the scanning system is presented. A conventionally acquired image that is without the implementation of beam modulation or off-line intelligence is compared and contrasted to an intelligently off-line processed image. Results indicate the implementation of real-time intelligence into the image acquisition phase of digital mammography is foreseeable.
Hepatitis C Virus: 30 Years after Its Discovery (2019)

Evidence for the existence of another hepatitis-causing pathogen, other than the known hepatitis A and B viruses, emerged in the mid-1970s. A frustrating search of 15 years was ended by the identification of the hepatitis C virus in 1989 using a recombinant DNA immunoscreening method. This discovery quickly led to blood tests that eliminated posttransfusion hepatitis C and could show the partial efficacy of type 1 interferon-based therapies. Subsequent knowledge of the viral replication cycle then led to the development of effective direct-acting antivirals targeting its serine protease, polymerase, and nonstructural protein 5A that resulted in the approval of orally available drug combinations that can cure patients within a few months with few side effects. Meanwhile, vaccine strategies have been shown to be feasible, and they are still required to effectively control this global epidemic.
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and Telomerase RNA (hTR) as Targets for Downregulation of Telomerase Activity (2004)

Telomerase is expressed in cancer cells but not in most normal cells, leading to the hypothesis that telomerase inhibitors may be a powerful approach to cancer therapy. It is possible that telomerase plays roles in the cell other than telomere elongation and that blocking telomerase expression may have consequences that differ from simply blocking the active site through competitive inhibition. Here, we test this hypothesis by comparing the effects of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA with the effects of oligonucleotides that target the telomerase RNA component (hTR). We find that the use of anti-hTR oligomers is more effective in blocking telomerase expression than strategies that target hTERT mRNA. Anti-hTR compounds are active on addition to cells in the absence of lipid, whereas antisense oligonucleotides are not. The modest inhibition of hTERT expression caused by antisense oligonucleotides or siRNAs does not persist, suggesting development of resistance. These data suggest that strategies for telomerase inhibition that require downregulation of hTERT mRNA may be less straightforward than those that target hTR. In addition, we have not seen evidence for a role for hTERT other than in telomere maintenance.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Integrating RAS Status into Prognostic Signatures for Adenocarcinomas of the Lung (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4. Kaplan-Meier survival curve for a cohort of 549 adenocarcinoma patients stratified according to predicted RAS pathway activation status.&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of the carboxymethyl cellulose binder on the multiscale electronic transport in carbon–LiFePO4 nanocomposites (2012)

The broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) technique (40 to 1010 Hz) is used here to measure the electronic transport across all observed size scales of nanocomposite materials for lithium batteries composed of an active material (e.g. carbon-coated LiFePO4) and a polymeric binder. Data acquisitions as functions of temperature were also carried out, in order to determine the activation energies of the conductivity and relaxation frequencies at the different scales of the materials' architectures. Different electrical relaxations are evidenced, resulting from the polarizations at the different scales of the architecture. When the frequency increases, four dielectric relaxations are detected in the following order and due to: (a) space-charge polarization (low-frequency range) owing to the interface between the sample and the conductive metallic layer deposited on it; (b) polarization of C–LiFePO4 clusters (micronic and/or submicronic scales) induced by the existence of resistive junctions between them; (c) electron hopping between sp2 domains (nanometric scale) within the carbon coating around the LiFePO4 particles; and (d) electron transfer through inter-graphitic layers within sp2 domains. The influence of the binder (sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose) on the coating conductivity has been evidenced. The establishment of (non-covalent) bonds between the adsorbed binder and the carbon coating results in the decrease of the hopping distance and at the same time in an increase of the potential barrier for hopping. These phenomena could be due to an electron trapping by the adsorbed polymeric species at the surface of the coating, resulting in a decrease of the coating conductivity.
Achieving Flat-on Primary Crystals by Nanoconfined Crystallization in High-Temperature Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Multilayer Films and Its Effect on Dielectric Insulation (2020)

To meet the stringent requirements of next-generation film capacitors for power electronics, multilayer films (MLFs) are fabricated with the advantage of achieving high temperature rating, high energy density, and reasonably low loss simultaneously. In this study, a high permittivity polar polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), is multilayered with a linear, low loss dielectric polymer such as high-temperature polycarbonate (HTPC). However, the dielectric loss of these MLFs was still high as compared with current state-of-the-art biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films. The goal of this work is to decrease the dielectric loss and enhance dielectric insulation by achieving flat-on primary PVDF crystals in MLFs via nanoconfined melt-recrystallization. Based on simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments, edge-on lamellar crystals were observed for all as-extruded MLFs, regardless of different PVDF layer thicknesses. However, after melting at 180 °C followed by recrystallization, flat-on primary crystals were successfully achieved when the PVDF layer thickness was below 39 nm. Above 78 nm for the PVDF layer, major edge-on primary crystals with minor flat-on secondary crystals were observed. From leakage current, breakdown, lifetime, and electric displacement-electric field loop studies, MLFs with the flat-on primary crystals exhibited reduced loss and enhanced dielectric insulation as compared to as-extruded MLFs and those with edge-on primary/flat-on secondary crystals. This was attributed to the effective blockage of charge carriers by the flat-on PVDF primary crystals and their reduced ferroelectric switching.