gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Heterogeneity of Cytokines and Cytolytic Effector Molecules in Human CD8+ T Lymphocytes (2001)

CD8(+) T cells use a number of effector mechanisms to protect the host against infection. We have studied human CD8(+) T cells specific for CMV pp65(495-503) epitope, or for staphylococcal enterotoxin B, for the expression patterns of five cytokines and cytolytic effector molecules before and after antigenic stimulation. Ex vivo, the cytolytic molecule granzyme B was detected in a majority of circulating CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells, whereas perforin was rarely expressed. Both were highly expressed after Ag-specific activation accompanied by CD45RO up-regulation. TNF-alpha, IFN gamma, and IL-2 were sequentially acquired on recognition of Ag, but surprisingly, only around half of the CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells responded to antigenic stimuli with production of any cytokine measured. A dominant population coexpressed TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, and cells expressing TNF-alpha only, IFN-gamma only, or all three cytokines together also occurred at lower but clearly detectable frequencies. Interestingly, perforin expression and production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in CD8(+) T cells responding to staphylococcal enterotoxin B appeared to be largely segregated, and no IL-2 was detected in perforin-positive cells. Together, these data indicate that human CD8(+) T cells can be functionally segregated in vivo and have implications for the understanding of human CD8(+) T cell differentiation and specialization and regulation of effector mechanisms.
Combining 3D tracking and surgical instrumentation to determine the stiffness of spinal motion segments: A validation study (2010)

The spine is a complex structure that provides motion in three directions: flexion and extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. So far, the investigation of the mechanical and kinematic behavior of the basic unit of the spine, a motion segment, is predominantly a domain of in vitro experiments on spinal loading simulators. Most existing approaches to measure spinal stiffness intraoperatively in an in vivo environment use a distractor. However, these concepts usually assume a planar loading and motion. The objective of our study was to develop and validate an apparatus, that allows to perform intraoperative in vivo measurements to determine both the applied force and the resulting motion in three dimensional space. The proposed setup combines force measurement with an instrumented distractor and motion tracking with an optoelectronic system. As the orientation of the applied force and the three dimensional motion is known, not only force-displacement, but also moment-angle relations could be determined. The validation was performed using three cadaveric lumbar ovine spines. The lateral bending stiffness of two motion segments per specimen was determined with the proposed concept and compared with the stiffness acquired on a spinal loading simulator which was considered to be gold standard. The mean values of the stiffness computed with the proposed concept were within a range of ±15% compared to data obtained with the spinal loading simulator under applied loads of less than 5 Nm.
On the principles of multicell precoding with centralized and distributed cooperation (2009)

Cooperative precoding is an attractive way of improving the performance in multicell downlink scenarios. By serving each terminal through multiple surrounding base stations, inter-cell interference can be coordinated and higher spectral efficiency achieved, especially for terminals at cell edges. The optimal performance of multicell precoding is well-known as it can be treated as a single cell with distributed antennas. However, the requirements on backhaul signaling and computational power scales rapidly in large and dense networks, which often makes such fully centralized approaches impractical. In this paper, we review and generalize some recent work on multicell precoding with both centralized and distributed cooperation. We propose practical precoding strategies under Rician channel conditions, and illustrate how the major gain of multicell precoding originates from having good base station synchronization and not from making centralized precoding decisions.
<title>A Study Of Contractional Patterns Of The Urinary Bladder In Dogs</title> (1971)

A method for the quantitative assessment of contractional patterns of the urinary bladder in dogs is described. It involves a mirror well in which the bladder is suspended. 44 photograph of the well gives five orthogonal projections of the bladder surface. Sequential pictures allow movements to be detected and analysed.
Lean NOx reduction over Ag/Al2O3 catalysts using future fuels -Effects of ageing and catalyst composition (2013)

The focus of this work is to increase the understanding of the lean NO x reduction over silver-alumina catalysts using hydrocarbons as the reductant (HC-SCR).In particular, the effect of silver loading, the role of platinum doping, the effect of the reducing agent as well as the effects of aging and hydrothermal treatment on the catalytic activity, in particular at low temperatures, and selectivity, were investigated.Silver-alumina samples were prepared using a sol-gel method, including freeze-drying, and evaluated for HC-SCR.The samples were synthesized with varying silver loading, with and without addition of trace amounts of platinum.Activity studies, hydrothermal treatment and oxidation experiments were performed in a synthetic gas-bench reactor using model hydrocarbons (n-octane, ethane, ethane, ethyne) and a commercial bio-diesel (NExBTL) as the reducing agent.The samples were characterized with respect to surface area (BET) and nature and relative amount of surface silver species (UV-vis, XPS).The results show that silver-alumina catalysts, prepared via sol-gel synthesis, display a high consistency regarding surface area and the relative amount of different silver species, as the silver loading is varied.It can be seen that activation for oxidation generally proceeds more easily with increasing bond order of the hydrocarbon.Furthermore, the use of hydrocarbons with high bond order, that is ethyne, as reductant for NO x results not only in the highest peak activity for lean NO x reduction but also in considerable high activity in a wide temperature range mainly thanks to high activity at low temperatures.With increasing silver loading, the oxidation reactions are favored such that both the hydrocarbon and the NO activation occur at lower temperatures.As the hydrocarbon chain-length is increased, the NO x reduction decreases, however, high activity can be seen even when using the commercial bio-diesel.For the pure silver-alumina samples tested with NExBTL, the 6 wt% Ag sample displays the highest activity reaching 60% at 350C.Furthermore, it is concluded that as the samples are doped with trace-amounts of platinum, the activity for lean NO x reduction at low temperatures is enhanced.The catalyst composition showing the highest activity for NO x reduction, using n-octane as reducing agent, is found to be a 2 wt% loaded Ag/Al 2 O 3 sample doped with 500 ppm platinum.This catalyst also displays the highest low-temperature activity (51% NO x reduction at 300C), most likely owing to an increased ability to partially oxidize the hydrocarbon reductant as well as higher adsorption of the hydrocarbon on the surface, attributed to the Pt doping.
Passivity-Preserving Parameterized Model Order Reduction Using Singular Values and Matrix Interpolation (2013)

We present a parameterized model order reduction method based on singular values and matrix interpolation. First, a fast technique using grammians is utilized to estimate the reduced order, and then common projection matrices are used to build parameterized reduced order models (ROMs). The design space is divided into cells, and a Krylov subspace is computed for each cell vertex model. The truncation of the singular values of the merged Krylov subspaces from the models located at the vertices of each cell yields a common projection matrix per design space cell. Finally, the reduced system matrices are interpolated using positive interpolation schemes to obtain a guaranteed passive parameterized ROM. Pertinent numerical results validate the proposed technique.
Evaluating enhanced recovery after surgery: time to cover new ground and discover the missing patient voice (2020)

Multicomponent peri-operative interventions offer to accelerate patient recovery and improve cost-effectiveness. The recent National Institute of Health Research-commissioned evidence synthesis review by Nunns et al. considers the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of all types of multicomponent interventions for older adults undergoing elective inpatient surgery. Enhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) were the most commonly evaluated intervention. An association between ERPs and decreased length of stay was observed, whilst complication rates and time to recovery were static or sometimes reduced. Important areas which lack research in the context of ERPs are patient-reported outcome measures, patients with complex needs and assessment of factors pertaining to successful ERP implementation. The next generation of ERP studies should seek to develop our understanding in these key areas.
DEVELOPMENT OF HFC-134a ABSORBENTS FOR THE CHEMICAL/MECHANICAL HEAT PUMP (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will describe the screening and development of absorbents for HFC-134a in the chemical/mechanical heat pump. The absorbents must have low volatility, low melting point, high solubility for HFC-134a vapor, high heat of mixing with HFC-134a, suitable vapor pressure/temperature concentration characteristics when mixed with HFC-134a, low toxicity, low flammability, and thermal stability. A screening procedure was used to select approximately 15 absorbents for experimental evaluation. Measurement of the key physical and thermodynamic properties of the absorbent/HFC-134a mixtures, such as vapor pressure/temperature/concentration properties, materials compatibility, and thermal stability, is described. From these measurements, activity coefficients, enthalpy of mixing, and entropy of mixing of the liquid solution were determined. This physical and thermodynamic property information was then used to calculate the theoretical performance of the absorbent/HFC-134a pairs in a chemical/mechanical heat pump computer simulation. This simulation allowed for the evaluation of the effects of different absorbent/refrigerant mixtures, different mixture concentrations, and different temperature lifts on calculated performance. Recommendations of the most suitable absorbent/HFC-134a pairs for use in a breadboard demonstration unit are made.&lt;/div&gt;
Memory efficient lagged-Fibonacci random number generators for GPU supercomputing (2015)

Abstract Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) bring the promise of supercomputing power for a fraction of the cost of traditional supercomputing, with possible speed-ups over comparable CPU hardware of one or two orders of magnitude. Rapid development of both proprietary libraries, such as NVIDIA's CUDA, and an open standard, OpenCL, have opened the doors to the GPU's cheap computing power. Unfortunately, random number generators (RNGs) have been slow to catch up with the rapid expansion of GPU computing. The number of types of RNGs available for GPUs is small, and the statistical quality of those provided with standard libraries are frequently unknown. Because specific RNGs may have statistical quality for certain applications, new kinds of RNGs must be made available for GPU computing to bring the full power of GPUs to different kinds of research. Lagged-Fibonacci Generators (LFGs), in particular, have been difficult to develop for memory-challenged GPUs because of their large state space, which is unfortunate because they have excellent statistical properties for many applications. In this paper, we discuss our implementation of memory efficient, integer, cycle-split, additive and multiplicative LFGs for both CUDA and OpenCL. The latter LFG has been implemented neither for GPUs nor as a split-steam parallel generator before. We also discuss portability and reproducibility between CPUs and GPUs.
Adenosine Modulates Insulin Activation of Insulin Receptor Kinase in Intact Rat Adipocytes* (1987)

Endogenous adenosine enhances the insulin sensitivity of isolated rat adipocytes. We studied whether this effect was related to an ability of adenosine to alter the activation of insulin receptor kinase by insulin. It was found that depletion of endogenous adenosine by adenosine deaminase treatment decreases insulin's ability to activate the receptor kinase at submaximal insulin concentrations. This occurred without changes in insulin binding. At 4 ng/ml insulin, adenosine deaminase decreased insulin activation of insulin receptor kinase by 25%, a reduction that equalled the effect of adenosine deaminase on insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport. The effects of adenosine deaminase on both insulin activation of insulin receptor kinase and insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport were reversed by the addition of N6-phenylisopropyl-adenosine, a nonhydrolyzable adenosine analog. Our data are consistent with the view that adenosine modulates the coupling of insulin binding to biological actions of insulin at or before the level of activation of insulin receptor kinase.
Development and Gene Expression of Porcine Cloned Embryos Derived from Bone Marrow Stem Cells with Overexpressing Oct4 and Sox2 (2014)

The present study compared the potential of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (pBMSCs) at different passages as nuclear transfer (NT) donors and the developmental efficiency of NT embryos from donor cells transfected with/without Oct4 and Sox2. Early-passage pBMSCs showed higher proliferation and expression of Oct4 and Sox2 and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages than middle- and late-passage pBMSCs. Cleavage rate did not differ among pBMSCs at different passages, but NT embryos with early-passage pBMSCs and middle-passage pBMSCs transfected with Oct4 (Oct4-pBMSCs) had significantly (p<0.05) higher blastocyst development than those with middle-passage pBMSCs. The incidence of apoptotic bodies in NT blastocysts from late-passage pBMSCs and Sox2-transfected middle-passage pBMSCs (Sox2-pBMSCs) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than others. The transcriptional levels of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Cdx2, Dnmt3a, and Igf2r genes were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Oct4- and Sox2-pBMSCs NT embryos. Middle-passage pBMSCs NT embryos revealed lower transcriptional levels of Bcl2 than others, except Sox2-pBMSCs NT embryos. The transcriptional level of Bax increased gradually in NT embryos derived from pBMSCs following extended passages and was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Sox2-pBMSCs NT embryos. Our results demonstrated that early-passage pBMSCs are more potent in expressing transcription factors and displayed higher differentiation ability, and middle-passage pBMSCs transfected with Oct4 improved the developmental efficiency of NT embryos, suggesting that high Oct4 expression cells are more efficient as NT donors.
Gearing up to handle the mosaic nature of life in the quest for orthologs (2017)

The Quest for Orthologs (QfO) is an open collaboration framework for experts in comparative phylogenomics and related research areas who have an interest in highly accurate orthology predictions and their applications. We here report highlights and discussion points from the QfO meeting 2015 held in Barcelona. Achievements in recent years have established a basis to support developments for improved orthology prediction and to explore new approaches. Central to the QfO effort is proper benchmarking of methods and services, as well as design of standardized datasets and standardized formats to allow sharing and comparison of results. Simultaneously, analysis pipelines have been improved, evaluated and adapted to handle large datasets. All this would not have occurred without the long-term collaboration of Consortium members. Meeting regularly to review and coordinate complementary activities from a broad spectrum of innovative researchers clearly benefits the community. Highlights of the meeting include addressing sources of and legitimacy of disagreements between orthology calls, the context dependency of orthology definitions, special challenges encountered when analyzing very anciently rooted orthologies, orthology in the light of whole-genome duplications, and the concept of orthologous versus paralogous relationships at different levels, including domain-level orthology. Furthermore, particular needs for different applications (e.g. plant genomics, ancient gene families and others) and the infrastructure for making orthology inferences available (e.g. interfaces with model organism databases) were discussed, with several ongoing efforts that are expected to be reported on during the upcoming 2017 QfO meeting.
Image quality in abdominal CT using an iodine contrast reduction algorithm employing patient size and weight and low kV CT technique (2020)

This size-based contrast reduction algorithm using low kV and bolus tracking reduced iodine contrast dose by 50%, while achieving acceptable image quality in 95% of exams.
Identification of Yersinia enterocolitica O15 lipopolysaccharide as a rough antigen (1986)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of a reference strain of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O15, Ye614, was examined for its chemical structure and antigenicity. The O15 LPS was partially hydrolyzed with diluted acetic acid and fractionated on a Sephadex G-50 column. Only one peak was detected at fractions where the R-core oligosaccharide of a Y. enterocolitica rough strain was eluted. The chemical compositions of this oligosaccharide and the O15 LPS were similar to those of the R-core oligosaccharide and the rough LPS, respectively. The O15 LPS was antigenically identical to the rough LPS in immunodiffusion tests. These results indicate that the O15 LPS of Y. enterocolitica is rough LPS and that antigenic factor O15 is a rough antigen.
LAMINAR AND TURBULENT NATURAL CONVECTION WITHIN IRREGULARLY SHAPED ENCLOSURES (1987)

A numerical investigation is performed in the area of two-dimensional steady-state natural convection heat transfer within enclosures of general irregular geometry with differentially heated opposing wails. A stream function-vorticity formulation is adopted and the two-equation k-ε model of turbulence is used. Geometric irregularity is allowed for through the choice of the boundary-fitted coordinate system solution approach encompassing numerical grid generation. Prespecified grid control functions are employed to accomplish the concentration of nodal points in near-wall regions. A modified control volume integration solution technique is formulated with upwind differencing of the convective terms. The solution methodology is validated through a comparison with previously reported results for flows within tilted rectangular enclosures. Results are then presented for the flow of air within irregularly shaped enclosures containing geometrically contracted regions for Rayleigh numbers up to 10 8 S. M. ElSherbiny , K. G. T. Hollands , and G. D. Raithby , Effect of Thermal Boundary Conditions on Natural Convection Across Vertical and Inclined Air Layers , ASME J. Heat Transfer , vol. 104 , pp. 515 – 520 , 1982 . [Google Scholar] It is found that contractions effectively pinch off laminar flows, whereas they do not confine turbulent flows. In all cases, maximum heat transfer rates are found near regions of geometric contraction.
Actor-critic learning-based energy optimization for UAV access and backhaul networks (2021)

In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted networks, UAV acts as an aerial base station which acquires the requested data via backhaul link and then serves ground users (GUs) through an access network. In this paper, we investigate an energy minimization problem with a limited power supply for both backhaul and access links. The difficulties for solving such a non-convex and combinatorial problem lie at the high computational complexity/time. In solution development, we consider the approaches from both actor-critic deep reinforcement learning (AC-DRL) and optimization perspectives. First, two offline non-learning algorithms, i.e., an optimal and a heuristic algorithms, based on piecewise linear approximation and relaxation are developed as benchmarks. Second, toward real-time decision-making, we improve the conventional AC-DRL and propose two learning schemes: AC-based user group scheduling and backhaul power allocation (ACGP), and joint AC-based user group scheduling and optimization-based backhaul power allocation (ACGOP). Numerical results show that the computation time of both ACGP and ACGOP is reduced tenfold to hundredfold compared to the offline approaches, and ACGOP is better than ACGP in energy savings. The results also verify the superiority of proposed learning solutions in terms of guaranteeing the feasibility and minimizing the system energy compared to the conventional AC-DRL.
Carbocationic Polymerization in the Presence of Sterically Hindered Bases. IX. High Efficiency Blocking of Poly(α-methylstyrene) from Linear and Radial Polyisobutylenes Carrying tert-Chlorine Termini in the Presence of Proton Traps (1982)

Abstract Di-, tri-, and tristar block copolymers consisting of rubbery poly(isobutylene) (PIB) and glassy poly(α-methylstyrene) (PαMeSt) sequences have been synthesized with 70 to > 95% efficiency. The syntheses involved initiation of α-methylstyrene polymerization by linear or three-arm star PIB's carrying 1,2, or 3 tertiary chlorine termini in conjunction with SnCl4 coinitiator in the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (DtBP). Blocking efficiencies (B eff.) increased with the amount of DtBP and approached 100% under suitable conditions.
Phase Lag of the Intersegmental Motion in Flexion-Extension of the Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine (1996)

The lumbar and lumbosacral segmental motions occurred not simultaneously but stepwise from the upper level with intersegmental motion lags during flexion. These intersegmental motion lags were much larger than the neutral zone in vitro, which implied the neutral zone in vivo should be different from the neutral zone in vitro.
Solid-state synthesis of mixed trihalidesviareversible absorption of dihalogens by non-porous onium salts (2011)

1,6-Bis(trimethylammonium)hexane bis(trihalides) 1(Br 2 ) 2 and mixed bis(trihalides) 2(I 2 ) 2 and 2(Br 2 ) 2 have been synthesized by treating the corresponding dihydrated halides 1(H 2 O) 2 and 2(H 2 O) 2 with molecular dihalogens (e.g., Br 2 and I 2 ) under gas-solid and solution conditions (Figure Despite the fact that the starting hexamethonium halides are non porous, the trihalides syntheses occur homogeneously, in quantitative yields, and reversibly. In all the cases the halogen bond [2] prevails over the hydrogen bond, and the hydrogen bonded water in the starting material is substituted by the halogen bonded dihalogens to form the crystalline trihalides. The stability of the trihalides is mainly due to cooperative halogen bond and cation templation effect [3]. Hexamethonium halides are proven effective solids for the clathration and storage of molecular dihalogens. While the starting salts are not isostructural, all the formed trihalides and mixed trihalides are isostructural. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and Raman experiments have confirmed the formation of the solid trihalides. The method we describe is general and can be extended to the preparation of various uncommon trihalides species like interconversion of trihalides and mixed trihalides via solidgas processes.