gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OC01.04: Aspirin versus placebo in pregnancies at high‐risk of preterm pre‐eclampsia: a multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (2017)

The combined multimarker screening and randomised patient treatment with aspirin for evidence-based pre-eclampsia prevention (ASPRE) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that aspirin at a dose of 150 mg per day from 11–13 until 36 weeks' gestation, as compared with placebo, would result in halving the incidence of preterm pre-eclampsia. In this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 1,776 women with singleton pregnancies at high-risk of preterm pre-eclampsia to receive aspirin, at a dose of 150 mg per day, or placebo from 11–13 weeks' gestation until 36 weeks. The primary outcome was delivery with pre-eclampsia <37 weeks' gestation. Randomisation was performed with the use of computer-generated random numbers. The analysis was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the significance in the difference in incidence of preterm pre-eclampsia between the aspirin and placebo groups, allowing for the effect of the estimated risk for pre-eclampsia at screening and participating centre. A total of 152 women withdrew consent during the trial and four were lost to follow up which left 798 in the aspirin group and 822 in the placebo group. Preterm pre-eclampsia occurred in 13 (1.6%) participants in the aspirin group and in 35 (4.3%) in the placebo group (odds ratio in the aspirin group 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.74; p=0.004). Adherence was good with consumption of 80% or more of the required number of tablets in 86% of participants. There were no significant between-group differences in adverse events. Low-dose aspirin in women at high-risk of preterm pre-eclampsia reduces the incidence of the disease.
Comparison of three-dimensional optical coherence tomography and high resolution photography for art conservation studies (2007)

Gold punchwork and underdrawing in Renaissance panel paintings are analyzed using both three-dimensional swept source / Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) and high resolution digital photography. 3D-OCT can generate en face images with micrometer-scale resolutions at arbitrary sectioning depths, rejecting out-of-plane light by coherence gating. Therefore 3D-OCT is well suited for analyzing artwork where a surface layer obscures details of interest. 3D-OCT also enables cross-sectional imaging and quantitative measurement of 3D features such as punch depth, which is beneficial for analyzing the tools and techniques used to create works of art. High volumetric imaging speeds are enabled by the use of a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser as the 3D-OCT light source. High resolution infrared (IR) digital photography is shown to be particularly useful for the analysis of underdrawing, where the materials used for the underdrawing and paint layers have significantly different IR absrption properties. In general, 3D-OCT provides a more flexible and comprehensive analysis of artwork than high resolution photography, but also requires more complex instrumentation and data analysis.
Robot navigation and manipulation based on a predictive associative memory (2009)

Proposed in the 1980s, the sparse distributed memory (SDM) is a model of an associative memory based on the properties of a high dimensional binary space. This model has received some attention from researchers of different areas and has been improved over time. However, a few problems have to be solved when using it in practice, due to the non-randomness characteristics of the actual data. We tested an SDM using different forms of encoding the information, and in two different domains: robot navigation and manipulation. Our results show that the performance of the SDM in the two domains is affected by the way the information is actually encoded, and may be improved by some small changes in the model.
Embedded RDL formation in Non-Photo Polymers using Excimer Laser Ablation (2016)

Abstract The continuous trend towards miniaturization, increasing performance and mobility of electronic devices drives interconnect density and integration, not only at the chip level, but also at interposer and package level. Silicon interposers coming from wafer foundries using back end of line (BEOL) redistribution layer (RDL) processes have been introduced successfully. However, there is a continuing need for low cost interposers based on large organic or glass panels. While traditional organic flip-chip substrates using semi-additive processes (SAP) have not been able to scale to ultra-fine RDL pitches, photo-sensitive spin-on dielectrics and RDL processes used for wafer level packaging do not sufficiently address the cost reduction need, This paper presents the latest results from cost effective and innovative package RDL processes using excimer laser ablation, to meet the market's most stringent requirements. To enable panel and wafer based interposers to reduce RDL cost and scale interconnect pitch to 40um and below, excimer laser ablation is introduced as a direct patterning process that uses proven industrialized excimer laser sources to emit high-energy pulses at short wavelengths to remove polymer materials with high precision and high throughput. The combination of a high-power excimer laser source, large-field laser mask and precision projection optics enables the accurate replication and placement of fine resolution circuit patterns without the need for any wet-processing. In addition, with excimer laser patterning technology the industry gains a much wider choice of dielectric materials (photo and non-photo) to help achieve further reductions in manufacturing costs as well as enhancements in interposer and package performance. In this paper, we propose new process that uses excimer laser ablation to integrate via and RDL traces in one patterning process step, followed by seed layer deposition, plating and planarization steps. A new integration process flow is proposed, and its technical robustness and commercial advantages have been demonstrated. The capability of this excimer laser process to extend the current material portfolio to non-photo materials will be discussed, and its commercial benefits as compared to the current process of record (POR) will be highlighted.
Intelligent object group selection (2008)

Current object group selection techniques such as lasso or rectangle selection can be time consuming and error prone. This is apparent when selecting distant objects on a large display or objects arranged along curvilinear paths in a dense area. We present a novel group selection technique based on the Gestalt principles of proximity and good continuity. The results of a user study show that our new technique outperforms lasso and rectangle selection for object groups in(curvi)linear arrangements or clusters, i.e. groups with an implicit structure.
Electron microscopy of DNA crosslinked with trimethylpsoralen: a probe for chromatin structure (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron microscopy of DNA crosslinked with trimethylpsoralen: a probe for chromatin structureThomas Cech, David Potter, and Mary Lou PardueCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 24, 5313–5321Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00643a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00643a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decomposition of Perfluorocompounds on Alumina-Based Catalyst (2004)

A sample of 440 undergraduate university students completed the Templer Death Anxiety Scale 2 wk. prior to and 2 wk. after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Women comprised 66% of the sample, and 79% of the sample identified themselves as 18 to 21 years of age and either freshmen or sophomores. There was no significant mean difference in the pre- and postterrorist attack Death Anxiety scores. Differences were found on two individual scale items.
Transistor layout configuration effect on actual gate LER (2009)

The importance of Line Edge Roughness (LER) and Line Width Roughness (LWR) has long surpassed its effect on process control. As devices scale down, the roughness effects have become a major hindrance for further advancement along Moore's law. Many studies have been conducted over the years on the sensitivity of LER to various changes in the materials and the process, which have been considered the main way to tackle the problem - especially through Photoresist improvement. However, despite the increased development of DFM tools in recent years, limited research was done as to LER sensitivity to layout, and the research that was done was limited to proximity effects. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of LER to the layout around the transistor, defined by the gate structure of poly over AA (Active Area). Using different types and geometries of transistors, we found that the poly-gate LER is sensitive to the structure of the Active Area around it (source/drain from gate to contact, both shape and length). Using local LER measurement (moving standard deviation of poly edge location), we found a clear correlation between LER value and the length of the AA/STI boundary located at a close range. Longer AA edges yield higher LER, as proved by comparing gate LER of dog-bone transistor with classical transistor. Based on these results, we suggest that LER is sensitive not only to proximity effects, but also to the layout of underlying layers, through the effect of light scattering of the edges during the lithographic process.
Charge Sharing and Charge Injection A/D Converters for Analog In-Memory Computing (2021)

This paper describes the design of two A/D converters, the Charge Sharing SAR and the Charge Injection SAR, in 22 nm FD SOI technology, for Analog-in-Memory computing in machine learning (ML) applications. The former architecture matches well SRAM-based Matrix-Vector Multipliers (MVM)s, whereas the latter is suitable for integration with SOT-MRAM-based arrays. Both ADCs show remarkable energy figures and area metrics, making the topologies suitable for integration at the periphery of MVM arrays.
Band anti‐crossing and carrier recombination in dilute nitride phosphide based lasers and light emitting diodes (2008)

Abstract We use high pressure techniques to investigate the properties of two classes of “dilute‐nitride‐phosphide”‐based devices; GaNP/GaP light emitting diodes for yellow–amber–red display applications and GaNAsP/GaP lasers, a potential route to producing lasers monolithically on silicon. Based upon high pressure electroluminescence measurements we find that the band anti‐crossing (BAC) model reasonably describes the GaN(As)P system based on an average of the nitrogen states. In terms of device characteristics, we find that carrier leakage into the X‐minima of GaP reduces the efficiency of GaNP/ GaP LEDs with increasing pressure. Lasing has been observed in GaNAsP/GaP devices with a pulsed threshold current density of 2.5 kA/cm 2 at 80 K ( λ = 890 nm). A weak increase in threshold current with hydrostatic pressure indicates that a carrier leakage path that does not involve the GaP X ‐minima is the dominant carrier recombination mechanism in these devices, in contrast to the LEDs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chimeric mouse/human Fab antibodies that selectively binds to the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MPF6P.649) (2015)

Abstract The current diagnostic tools for Tuberculosis (TB) are time consuming and not suitable for point of care devices. Antibody-based diagnostic approaches could solve this issue. We have used antibody phage-display to isolate chimeric mouse/human Fab antibodies that binds to the surface of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).For that purpose, mice were immunized with live or heat killed (HK) Mtb and splenic mRNA was used to generate 2 phage-display Fab libraries. Several rounds of bio panning were performed against whole cell live and HK Mtb and a substraction round was performed against non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. Of the 24 clones analyzed we found 6 Fab-expressing phages that specifically bind to live Mtb over HK or non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. Further characterization of these Fab antibodies consisted of recombinant expression and purification in E coli and selective binding to Mtb-specific subcellular fractions. This is the first study on Mtb-specific Fab antibodies that specifically bind a live and virulent Mtb strain. These molecules could represent a good platform to set up highly specific TB biomarkers.
Haptic feedback from human tissues of various stiffness and homogeneity (2014)

This work presents methods for haptic modelling of soft and hard tissue with varying stiffness. The model provides visualization of deformation and calculates force feedback during simulated epidural needle insertion. A spring-mass-damper (SMD) network is configured from magnetic resonance image (MRI) slices of patient\'s lumbar region to represent varying stiffness throughout tissue structure. Reaction force is calculated from the SMD network and a haptic device is configured to produce a needle insertion simulation. The user can feel the changing forces as the needle is inserted through tissue layers and ligaments. Methods for calculating the force feedback at various depths of needle insertion are presented. Voxelization is used to fill ligament surface meshes with spring mass damper assemblies for simulated needle insertion into soft and hard tissues. Modelled vertebrae cannot be pierced by the needle. Graphs were produced during simulated needle insertions to compare the applied force to haptic reaction force. Preliminary saline pressure measurements during Tuohy epidural needle insertion are also used as a basis for forces generated in the simulation.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Leukemia Cell-Rhabdovirus Vaccine: Personalized Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3 - PDF file 612K, iLOV efficacy using VSVd51 virus&lt;/p&gt;
Human ex vivo models to analyze combinations and immunostimulatory effects induced by oncolytic viruses (2014)

Introduction: Oncolytic viruses offer an interesting approach not only to kill cancer cells but also to stimulate the human immune system by tumor cell lysates (TCL). Herein, the oncolytic parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) presents clear immunostimulatory features. Combination of oncolytic viruses with chemotherapy-based regimes or with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, e.g. the anti-CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab, are strategies to resensitize resistant tumors. Here we present first promising preclinical data which might further enhance treatment efficacy.
From Simulink to smartphone: Signal processing application examples (2015)

This paper presents the steps one needs to take in order to run a signal processing algorithm designed in Simulink on the ARM processor of smartphones. The steps are conveyed by transitioning two signal processing application examples from Simulink to smartphone. The application examples involve background noise classification and lane departure detection. Considering that Simulink programming is widely used in signal processing, the approach presented in this paper is of benefit to practicing engineers and signal processing researchers/educators in terms of the process of making Simulink codes or models to run on smartphones.
Abstract B47: Biomarker discovery and evaluation of response to anticancer therapeutics in breast cancer using a novel nanofluidic immunoassay (2010)

Abstract Cancer subtype specific molecular variations dramatically affect patient responses to already existing treatments. For example, the phosphorylation status of many proteins that are involved in signal transduction pathways perturbed in cancer cells is extremely important in determining whether these cells are susceptible to killing by available cancer therapeutics. Therefore, differentially phosphorylated protein isoforms can be a particularly useful prognostic biomarker of drug response in the clinic. However, accurate detection and quantitative analysis of cancer-related phosphoproteins in tumors is limited by current technologies. Using a novel, fully automated nanocapillary electrophoresis technology (CB1000TM) designed to separate protein molecules based on their isoelectric point, we are currently developing highly sensitive assays for reliable assessment of the phosphorylation status of cancer-related phosphoproteins in tumors, before and during drug treatment. We have already developed and optimized assays measuring all AKT, ERK and MEK isoforms and their respective phosphoisoforms using a single detection reagent method. Using these assays, we were able to measure levels of activated MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and AKT1/2/3 in cancer cell lines, mouse xenografts and patient FNAs using protein extracted from as few as 125 cells. We have already measured and characterized changes in the phosphorylation states of these targets before, during and after treatment with inhibitors of the PI3K pathway in breast cancer, and based on this data we are currently developing molecular profiles that predict response to available therapeutics. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B47
Optimized VCSELs for high-power arrays (2014)

High-power VCSEL systems with multi kilowatt output power require a good electro-optical efficiency at the point of operation i.e. at elevated temperature. The large number of optimization parameters can be structured in a way that separates system and assembly considerations from the minimization of electrical and optical losses in the epitaxially grown structure. Temperature dependent functions for gain parameters, internal losses and injection efficiency are derived from a fit to experimental data. The empirical description takes into account diameter dependent effects like current spreading or temperature dependent ones like voltage drops over hetero-interfaces in the DBR mirrors. By evaluating experimental measurements of the light output and voltage characteristics over a large range of temperature and diameter, wafer-characteristic parameters are extracted allowing to predict the performance of VCSELs made from this material in any array and assembly configuration. This approach has several beneficial outcomes: Firstly, it gives a general description of a VCSEL independent of its geometry, mounting and detuning, secondly, insights into the structure and the underlying physics can be gained that lead to the improvement potential of the structure and thirdly the performance of the structure in arrays and modules can be predicted. Experimental results validate the approach and demonstrate the significantly improved VCSEL efficiency and the benefit in high power systems.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Application of a Proapoptotic Peptide to Intratumorally Spreading Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2447K, Figure S3. Caspase cascade signaling is impaired in MCF-10CA1a human breast cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Nanoflash device with self-aligned double floating gates using scanning probe lithography and tetramethylammonium hydroxide wet etching (2004)

We report a self-aligned technology for nanoflash devices with double floating gates using scanning probe lithography (SPL) technology and anisotropic wet etching. On a (110) SOI silicon wafer, along [001] and [111] directions, a silicon nanowire was generated through local oxidation with SPL followed by wet etching with tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution. Silicon nanowires (SiNW) with profiles of sidewall either sloped or vertical were formed after anisotropic etching in the [001] or [111] direction respectively. After deposition of a polysilicon film on the SiNW with low pressure chemical vapor deposition, nanostructures of a nanoflash device with polysilicon double-floating side gates were obtained along the [111] part of SiNW after reactive ion etching spacer etching. The silicon nanowire channel has a width of 20 nm and a height of 200 nm; the width of the self-aligned floating gate is approximately 40 nm. Silicon nitride was deposited to serve as gate dielectric. The top gate and source-drain aluminum pads were defined by photolithography. Electrical properties of such a nanoflash device with double-floating side gates are discussed.
Preparation of Functionalized Dialkylzincs via a Boron−Zinc Exchange. Reactivity and Catalytic Asymmetric Addition to Aldehydes (1996)

The hydroboration of olefins with Et(2)BH provides diethyl(alkyl)boranes 2 which readily undergo a boron-zinc exchange with Et(2)Zn providing a range of polyfunctional primary, secondary, and benzylic diorganozincs. The resulting diorganozincs 3 have been reacted with various electrophiles (allylic halides, acid chlorides, alkylidenemalonates, ethyl propiolate, nitroolefins) in the presence of CuCN.2LiCl with excellent yields. With secondary dialkylzincs prepared from diastereomerically pure diethyl(alkyl)boranes, the boron-zinc exchange occurs with loss of stereochemistry. The asymmetric addition of 3 to aldehydes in the presence of the chiral catalyst 55 furnishes optically active polyfunctional secondary alcohols (50 to over 96% ee).
Shared shuttles for integrated silicon optoelectronics (2012)

Shared shuttle runs are an important factor of the microelectronics business ecosystem, allowing fabless semiconductor companies to access advanced processes and supporting the development of new tools and processes. We report on the creation and progress of a shared shuttle program for access to advanced silicon photonics optoelectronic platforms that we expect will create a similar environment for the field of integrated photonics.
Radikalische Addition an cyclische Derivate der Maleinsäure (1982)

Radical Addition to Cyclic Derivatives of Maleic Acid Reactions of cyclohexylmercury acetate ( 1 ) with NaBH 4 in the presence of cyclic alkenes 4 yield the products 5 in high yields (Tab. 1). The main step of the reaction sequence is the addition of a cyclohexyl radical to the alkene 4 . The rate of the addition increases with increasing electron withdrawing ability of X (Tab. 1).
Double-scaled potential profile in a group-III nitride alloy revealed by Monte Carlo simulation of exciton hopping (2003)

The temperature dependences of the peak position and width of the photoluminescence band in Al0.1In0.01Ga0.89N layers were explained by Monte Carlo simulation of exciton localization and hopping. The introduction of a doubled-scaled potential profile due to inhomogeneous distribution of indium allowed obtaining a good quantitative fit of the experimental data. Hopping of excitons was assumed to occur through localized states distributed on a 16 meV energy scale within the In-rich clusters with the average energy in these clusters dispersed on a larger (42 meV) scale.