gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An outlook on microfluidics: the promise and the challenge (2022)

This perspective considers ways in which the field of microfluidics can increase its impact by improving existing technologies and enabling new functionalities. We highlight applications where microfluidics has made or can make important contributions, including diagnostics, food safety, and the production of materials. The success of microfluidics assumes several forms, including fundamental innovations in fluid mechanics that enable the precise manipulation of fluids at small scales and the development of portable microfluidic chips for commercial purposes. We identify outstanding technical challenges whose resolution could increase the accessibility of microfluidics to users with both scientific and non-technical backgrounds. They include the simplification of procedures for sample preparation, the identification of materials for the production of microfluidic devices in both laboratory and commercial settings, and the replacement of auxiliary equipment with automated components for the operation of microfluidic devices.
Extra Loss-free Non-Hermitian Engineered Single Mode Laser Systems (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Unlike PT and SUSY lasers, here we show an extra loss-free non-Hermitian laser engineering approach to realize single mode lasing operation for the first time. By selectively enhancing the fundamental mode’s quality factor, we obtain single mode operation with higher output power per cavity since all cavities in this system contribute to the laser output, in contrast to other non-Hermitian approaches. Furthermore, we show that this approach interestingly allows reducing the number of to-be-designed cavities in super-partner array as compared with, for example, the SUSY approach, thus leading to reduced design complexity upon coupled cavity scale up of laser arrays. In summary, the ability to engineer coupled laser systems where each laser cavity contributes to coherent light amplification opens up a new degree of laser-design freedom leading to increased device performance and simultaneous reduced design and fabrication complexity.
WHY “NO PALM OIL” LABELING MISLEADS THE CONSUMER (2015)

The EU strategy regarding food information to the consumer, formulated under the leadership of DG SANTE, calls for transparency, verifiability, and truthfulness. The ultimate goal is to protect the consumer from making the wrong purchasing decisions. In pursuit of this goal, comprehensive new legislation came into force last December. The spirit of this regulation as well as its concrete procedures question the current practice of putting “No Palm Oil” (NPO) labels on food products. Such labels imply that consumers´ interest is best served if products containing palm oil are avoided. This claim rests on the assumption that palm oil has negative effects on consumer health and the environment. Scientific evidence and market realities do not confirm these claims. Therefore, NPO labels are in all likelihood illegal under current EU legislation and should be banned. However, the current lack of enforcement within the EU on such practices could jeopardize the very principles that govern food labeling legislations.
Data from MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Therapeutic Upregulating C/EBP-α, in Patients with Advanced Liver Cancer: A First-in-Human, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Transcription factor C/EBP-α (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) acts as a master regulator of hepatic and myeloid functions and multiple oncogenic processes. MTL-CEBPA is a first-in-class small activating RNA oligonucleotide drug that upregulates C/EBP-α.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;We conducted a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation trial of MTL-CEBPA in adults with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis, or resulting from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or with liver metastases. Patients received intravenous MTL-CEBPA once a week for 3 weeks followed by a rest period of 1 week per treatment cycle in the dose-escalation phase (3+3 design).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Thirty-eight participants have been treated across six dose levels (28–160 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and three dosing schedules. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for safety endpoints at 28 days. MTL-CEBPA treatment–related adverse events were not associated with dose, and no maximum dose was reached across the three schedules evaluated. Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in nine (24%) patients. In 24 patients with HCC evaluable for efficacy, an objective tumor response was achieved in one patient [4%; partial response (PR) for over 2 years] and stable disease (SD) in 12 (50%). After discontinuation of MTL-CEBPA, seven patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); three patients had a complete response with one further PR and two with SD.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;MTL-CEBPA is the first saRNA in clinical trials and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and potential synergistic efficacy with TKIs in HCC. These encouraging phase I data validate targeting of C/EBP-α and have prompted MTL-CEBPA + sorafenib combination studies in HCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of Mineral Volume Fraction on Mechanical Response of Raman Shifts in Cortical Bone (2018)

Bone tissue with hierarchical structure is regarded as complex structure consisting of organic collagen and inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAp). Using the component analysis method called Raman spectroscopy, the change in Raman shift was measured while applying load to bone tissue, and the relationship between stress and Raman shift was investigated. In addition, the Raman shifts were measured by statistical process based on the Raman images. The specimens with the sizes of 10 × 2 × 0.5 mm were cut out from 23 m. o. bovine femoral diaphysis, where the longer edges of specimens are aligned to the parallel to the femoral axis. Decalcified specimens with 10% formic acid (CH2 O2) for 4 hours were prepared. Strain gauges were attached to bovine cortical bone specimens, and Raman spectrum was measured while applying tensile stress. The Raman shifts were calculated by averaging obtained peak shifts at all measurements point. As the results, the mechanical behaviors of collagen matrix in demineralized bone were found by Raman spectroscopy.
Intracerebral Grafting of Neuronal Cell Suspensions into the Adult Brain (1984)

General principles of intracerebral grafting are presented in overview. The development and use of the dissociated neuronal cell suspension method are described as a new method for neural transplantation. Experiments are described involving fetal dopamine cells transplanted to adult striatum and fetal cholinergic cells transplanted to the hippocampal formation, as primary examples. The main focus of this review is related to results of cell survival and axonal elongation.
The Organization and Diversity of Immunoglobulin Genes (1974)

We have used purified mouse immunoglobulin light chain mRNA and synthetic DNA which is complementary to it to assess the reiteration frequency of gene sequences corresponding to the kappa constant region of the mouse immunoglobulin light chain. These studies indicate that the constant region sequence is represented only two to three times per haploid mouse genome, a finding that rules out a simple stringent germ line mechanism which would require the constant region sequence to be represented hundreds if not thousands of times. Hybridization studies involving (125)I-labeled myeloma light chain mRNA yield interesting results which may eventually permit us to distinguish between the remaining somatic mutation and recombinational germ line hypotheses. These results reveal a major component of relatively unique frequency and a minor component with a reiteration frequency of approximately 30 to 50 copies per haploid genome. As discussed, these results do not permit us to distinguish unambiguously between a germ line model and a type of somatic mutation model that permits germ line genes corresponding to each kappa subgroup. The results do, however, clearly rule out the existence of thousands of variable region sequences so closely related to the MOPC-41 V-region as to permit extensive stable cross-hybridization.
Selective Labilizing of α-Hydrogen Atoms by Chelation of α-Aminocarboxylic Acids (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Labilizing of α-Hydrogen Atoms by Chelation of α-Aminocarboxylic AcidsDonald H. Williams and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 20, 4644–4645Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00948a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00948a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Polymer Architecture and Nanoenvironment in Acylation Reactions Employing Dendritic (Dialkylamino)pyridine Catalysts (2005)

The role of architecture and nanoenvironment in the catalytic properties of dendritic polymers containing 4-(dialkylamino)pyridines was investigated in the context of acylation reactions employing sterically demanding tertiary alcohols as substrates. Fréchet-type benzyl ether and aliphatic ester dendrimers were prepared in a convergent manner from a common trivalent core containing three DMAP groups while a linear polymer was dendronized with aliphatic esters using a divergent growth scheme. Catalysis experiments clearly indicate that nanoenvironment plays the dominant role in determining the activity of the polymer catalysts, with the polyester platform being superior to the benzyl ether. Polymer architecture played little or no role in affecting catalysis. With respect to molecular transport and catalysis, this represents the first comparative study of the effect of architecture and nanoenvironment using structurally similar dendritic materials.
Supplemental Figure S1 from A Novel Pharmacologic Activity of Ketorolac for Therapeutic Benefit in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1. Expression of Rho-family GTPases in primary patient cDNA samples analyzed by grade for serous cancer only.&lt;/p&gt;
Distinct Response Inhibition Patterns in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients and Pathological Gamblers (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) are common disorders. The cognitive models of OCD and PG focus on abnormalities in response inhibition. Although, these functions have been studied in different PG and OCD samples, no study has compared the response inhibition in both. <b>Methods:</b> Medication-naïve OCD (<i>n</i> = 61) and PG subjects (<i>n</i> = 109) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 131) performed CPT and Go/NoGo tasks. <b>Results:</b> Compared to healthy controls (HC), PG and OCD groups underperformed on speed and exhibited larger time variability on the CPT and Go/NoGo task. Only in OCD patients, a positive correlation between omission errors and response time (RT) was observed in the CPT. At the Go/NoGo task, a negative correlation between false alarms and RT (a fast-errors trade-off) was significant only in the PG group. The HC group had greater sensitivity values (d') than the OCD and PG groups in the Go/NoGo task. The PG group displayed lower d' values and more conservative response criterion in the CPT. In addition, only the OCD group expressed a high switching cost compared to both the PG and HC groups in terms of the RT and d' values. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both the PG and OCD groups demonstrated impaired response inhibition compared to the HC group. On several measures, the OCD and PG groups showed comparable impairments, and in others these were distinct. Thus, it appears that distinct neurocognitive patterns are involved in performance of the CPT and the Go/NoGo tasks among OCD and PG subjects whose cognitive status is currently under intensive investigation.
First tests of the DORT method at 12 kHz in a shallow water waveguide (2005)

The Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator (DORT method) has been introduced by Prada et al. (1996) as a generalization of the iterative time-reversal process. The effectiveness of this method for ultrasonic detection and selective focusing on different scatterers in an inhomogeneous media has been shown. The robustness of the method in an ultrasonic wave guide has been demonstrated by Mordant et al. (1999). Whereas the performance of classical detection methods usually decreases due to multiple reflections at the waveguide interfaces, the DORT method takes advantage of the wave guide boundaries and multi-path propagation in order to improve spatial resolution. In this work, we present the first experiment in a realistic shallow water waveguide with a 24 elements source receiver array at 12 kHz central frequency. The DORT method is applied in order to detect two targets at 27 m distance. Numerical and experimental backpropagation of the dominant singular vectors of the array response matrix enable the localization of the individual targets.
Automated optimization of service coverage and base station antenna configuration in UMTS networks (2006)

Deployment and maintenance of UMTS networks involve optimizing a number of network configuration parameters in order to meet various service and performance requirements. In this article we address automated optimization of service coverage and radio base station antenna configuration. We consider three key configuration parameters: transmit power of the common pilot channel (CPICH), antenna tilt, and antenna azimuth. CPICH power greatly influences coverage. From a resource management point of view, satisfying the coverage requirement using minimum CPICH power offers several performance advantages. In particular, less CPICH power leads to less interference and higher system capacity. Optimal CPICH power, in its turn, is highly dependent on how the other two parameters, tilt and azimuth, are configured at radio base station antennas. Optimizing antenna tilt and azimuth network-wise, with the objective of minimizing the CPICH power consumption, is a challenging task. The solution approach in this article adopts automated optimization. Our optimization engine is a simulated annealing algorithm. Staring from an initial configuration, the algorithm searches effectively in the solution space of possible configurations in order to find improvements. The algorithm is computationally efficient; thus, we can optimize large networks without using excessive computing resources. We present a case study for a UMTS planning scenario in Lisbon. For this network, automated optimization saves up to 70 percent of the CPICH power used in the reference network configuration. In addition, the optimized network configuration offers significant performance improvement in terms of fewer overloaded cells and lower downlink load factor
Th1, Th17, and Th9 Effector Cells Induce Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Different Pathological Phenotypes (2009)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model of human multiple sclerosis induced by autoreactive Th cells that mediate tissue inflammation and demyelination in the CNS. Initially, IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells and, more recently, IL-17-producing Th17 cells with specificity for myelin Ags have been implicated in EAE induction, but whether Th17 cells are encephalitogenic has been controversial. Moreover, a new effector T cell subset, Th9 cells, has been identified; however, the ability of this T cell subset to induce EAE has not been investigated. Here, we have developed protocols to generate myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific Th17, Th1, Th2, and Th9 cells in vitro, so that we could directly compare and characterize the encephalitogenic activity of each of these subsets upon adoptive transfer. We show that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific Th1, Th17, and Th9 cells but not Th2 cells induce EAE upon adoptive transfer. Importantly, each T cell subset induced disease with a different pathological phenotype. These data demonstrate that different effector T cell subsets with specificity for myelin Ags can induce CNS autoimmunity and that the pathological heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis lesions might in part be due to multiple distinct myelin-reactive effector T cells.
Identification of interdependent variables that influence coreceptor switch in R5 SHIVSF162P3N-infected macaques (2012)

Our data suggest that the increased virus replication in the RPs with R5-to-X4 conversion increased the rate of virus evolution and reduction in the availability of target cells with optimal CD4 expression heightened the competition for binding to the receptor. In the absence of immunological restrictions, variants that adopt an "open" Env to expose the CD4 binding site for better CD4 use are selected, allowing structural changes that confer CXCR4-use to be manifested. Viral load, change in target cell population during the course of infection and host immune response therefore are interdependent variables that influence R5 virus evolution and coreceptor switch in SHIV(SF162P3N)-infected rhesus macaques. Because an "open" Env conformation also renders the virus more susceptible to antibody neutralization, our findings help to explain the infrequent and late appearance of X4 virus in HIV-1 infection when the immune system deteriorates.
A Central Role for GRB10 in Regulation of Islet Function in Man (2014)

Variants in the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) gene were in a GWAS meta-analysis associated with reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) if inherited from the father, but inexplicably reduced fasting glucose when inherited from the mother. GRB10 is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and imprinted in a parent-of-origin fashion in different tissues. GRB10 knock-down in human pancreatic islets showed reduced insulin and glucagon secretion, which together with changes in insulin sensitivity may explain the paradoxical reduction of glucose despite a decrease in insulin secretion. Together, these findings suggest that tissue-specific methylation and possibly imprinting of GRB10 can influence glucose metabolism and contribute to T2D pathogenesis. The data also emphasize the need in genetic studies to consider whether risk alleles are inherited from the mother or the father.
Single Breath-Hold Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Angiography (1994)

High-quality breath-held pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography can be obtained with an intravenous contrast-enhanced gradient-recalled-echo acquisition; however, image quality is dependent on the pulse sequence.
Enhanced production of ΛΛ pairs near threshold in (1997)

Enhanced production of ΛΛ pairs are observed very near the threshold (around the mass of 2.24 GeV/c2) beyond prediction of a two-step process model in (K−,K+) reaction at pK−=1.66 GeV/c using the scintillating fiber target. The differential cross section for the ΛΛ production averaged over 2.3°⩽θK+⩽14.7° in the momentum region 0.95⩽pK+⩽1.3 GeV/c was found to be 8.2±1.3 μb/sr, and that for the enhancement approximately 3 μb/sr.
The S‐layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O‐glycosylation (2014)

Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. Further, the T9SS mutants showed a denser biofilm with fewer voids compared with the wild-type. This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. In addition, T9SS protein translocation is decoupled from O-glycan attachment in T. forsythia.
Wireless Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence at a Bipolar Microelectrode in a Solid-State Micropore (2020)

The combination of bipolar electrochemistry (BE), as a wireless electrochemical approach, and of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as an imaging readout is a successful strategy with a wide range of analytical applications. However, small conductive entities such as micrometric and nanometric objects are particularly difficult to polarize by BE since they require extremely high electric fields. In order to circumvent this issue due to intrinsic limitations of BE, we elaborated a solid-state micropore, decorated with a rhombus-shaped gold microelectrode. The electric field strength was concentrated inside the solid-state micropore where the conductive gold microelectrode was precisely located and acted as a bipolar light-emitting device. This original configuration allowed achieving adequate polarization of the gold microelectrode in a wireless manner, which led locally to ECL emission. ECL imaging shows that light was generated by the bipolar microelectrode in the center of the micropore. ECL emission could be achieved by imposing a potential value (10 V) to the feeder electrodes that is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than those required without the micropore. The reported ECL approach opens exciting perspectives for the development of original wireless bioanalytical applications and dynamic bipolar experiments with small objects passing through the pores.