gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting indirect branches via data compression (1998)

Branch prediction is a key mechanism used to achieve high performance on multiple issue, deeply pipelined processors. By predicting the branch outcome at the instruction fetch stage of the pipeline, superscalar processors become able to exploit Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) by providing a larger window of instructions. However, when a branch is mispredicted, instructions from the mispredicted path must be discarded. Therefore, branch prediction accuracy is critical to achieve high performance. Existing branch prediction schemes can accurately predict the direction of conditional branches, but have difficulties predicting the correct targets of indirect branches. Indirect branches occur frequently in Object-Oriented Languages (OOL), as well as in Dynamically-Linked Libraries (DLLs), two programming environments rapidly increasing in popularity. In addition, certain language constructs such as multi-way control transfers (e.g., switches), and architectural features such as 64-bit address spaces, utilize indirect branching. In this paper, we describe a new algorithm for predicting unconditional indirect branches called Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM). We base our approach on techniques proven to work optimally in the field of data compression. We combine a viable implementation of the PPM algorithm with dynamic per-branch selection of path-based correlation and compare its prediction accuracy against a variety of predictors. Our results show that, for approximately the same hardware budget, the combined predictor can achieve a misprediction ratio of 9.47%, as compared to 11.48% for the previously published most accurate indirect branch predictor.
Photothermogenetic inhibition of cancer stemness by near-infrared-light-activatable nanocomplexes (2020)

Strategies for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs) are urgently required because CSCs are resistant to anticancer drugs and cause treatment failure, relapse and metastasis. Here, we show that photoactive functional nanocarbon complexes exhibit unique characteristics, such as homogeneous particle morphology, high water dispersibility, powerful photothermal conversion, rapid photoresponsivity and excellent photothermal stability. In addition, the present biologically permeable second near-infrared (NIR-II) light-induced nanocomplexes photo-thermally trigger calcium influx into target cells overexpressing the transient receptor potential vanilloid family type 2 (TRPV2). This combination of nanomaterial design and genetic engineering effectively eliminates cancer cells and suppresses stemness of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, in molecular analyses of mechanisms, we show that inhibition of cancer stemness involves calcium-mediated dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. The present technological concept may lead to innovative therapies to address the global issue of refractory cancers.
Study of high NA imaging with polarized illumination (2005)

High Numerical Aperture (NA) imaging with polarized illumination has been proposed as one of the solutions of the 65nm technology node and beyond. Aerial image simulations and experimental exposure results <sup>1, 2</sup> confirmed the advantage of the polarized illumination for high NA imaging. However, impact of imperfection of the polarization status upon imaging performance has not yet been fully investigated. We have studied the impact of error of the polarized illumination upon imaging performance including CD (critical dimension line width) variation and pattern displacements. We define parameter “Degree of Specific Polarization” (DSP) that shows how close the polarization status is to the ideal status. For a conventional illumination setting, Zernike polynomials are used to describe distribution of DSP across the illumination pupil and Zernike annular polynomials are used for a dipole (bow tie) illumination setting. Degradation of the imaging performance for each Zernike term is estimated using a vector-model aerial-image simulator, which is one of our in-house software, and allowable range of each Zernike term for DSP is investigated.
Nature of the CytochromecMolten Globule (2005)

We have employed fluorescence energy transfer (FET) kinetics to probe unfolded and molten globule states of five dansyl (Dns) variants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1 cytochrome c. The covalently bound Fe(III) heme group quenches Dns fluorescence by energy transfer; measurements of FET kinetics yielded distributions of D-A distances (P(r)) for these states. The P(r) distributions and corresponding mean force potentials (U(r)) show that the cytochrome c molten globule is a highly structured state with a substantial number of native interactions. Wide P(r) distributions directly reflect the dynamic nature and conformational diversity of this molten globule. P(r) distributions for the "burst-phase" refolding intermediate suggest that the equilibrium cytochrome c molten globule is not a suitable model for early intermediates formed during protein refolding.
A Process Planning Expert System for Revolving Parts (2000)

In this paper, a process planning expert system for revolving parts is presented. It usees expert system technologies and Foxpro 2.56 for Windows relational database.The system is developed for mechanical manufacturing enterprises to meet the requirements of products innovation and of developing products of multiple kinds and small quantity of production.
On Heterogeneous Transfer Learning for Improved Network Service Performance Prediction (2021)

Transfer learning has been proposed as an approach for leveraging already learned knowledge in a new environment, especially when the amount of training data is limited. However, due to the dynamic nature of future networks and cloud infrastructures, a new environment may differ from the one the model is trained and transferred from. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an approach based on neural networks for heterogeneous transfer learning that addresses model transfer between environments with different input feature sets, which is a natural consequence of network and cloud re-orchestration. We quantify the transfer gain, and empirically show positive gain in a majority of cases. Further, we study the impact of neural-network architectures on the transfer gain, providing tradeoff insights for multiple cases. The evaluation of the approach is performed using data traces collected from a testbed that runs a Video-on-Demand service and a Key-Value Store under various load conditions.
Three main concerns in sketch recognition and an approach to addressing them (2002)

curvilinear configurations to hand-drawn sketches. It collects observations from our own recent research, which focused initially on the domain of sketched human stick figures in diverse postures, as well as related computer vision literature. Sketch recognition, i.e., labeling strokes in the input with the names of the model parts they depict, would be a key component of higher-level sketch understanding processes that reason about the recognized configurations. A sketch recognition technology must meet three main requirements. It must cope reliably with the pervasive variability of hand sketches, provide interactive performance, and be easily extensible to new configurations. We argue that useful sketch recognition may be within the grasp of current research, if these requirements are addressed systematically and in concert.
Formation of supported lipid bilayers on indium tin oxide for dynamically-patterned membrane-functionalized microelectrode arrays (2008)

Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are ideal platforms for the study of membrane proteins and function. Assembly of functional SLBs in an array format would lead to a breakthrough in high-throughput screening of membrane-associated processes, e.g., drugs binding to transmembrane proteins. We report the formation of SLBs from the rupture of anionic vesicles in the presence of Ca(2+) ions on ITO-coated surfaces and characterise the assembly and SLB properties. Furthermore, the formation, manipulation and regeneration of SLBs adsorbed on ITO microelectrode array spots using an electric potential switch are demonstrated. This platform enables addressable assembly and the study of electrochemically mediated membrane processes in a microarray format which can be regenerated in situ.
170MHz spaced, self-referenced fiber-frequency-comb (2006)

An optically integrated frequency-comb-system based on a passively-mode locked, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> -locked Er:soft-glass-fiber-laser and a PPLN-waveguide phase-sensor is demonstrated. The oscillator emits pulses with 61 nm spectral bandwidth and 170 MHz repetition frequency.
4,4′-Dibromo-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octafluorobiphenyl (2001)

The molecule of the title compound, C12Br2F8, shows approximate D2 symmetry. The dihedral angle formed by the two rings is 60.2 (1) degrees.
Flow-Through Micro-Electroporation Chip for Genetic Engineering of Individual Cells (2002)

We describe a chip that is capable of performing gene transfer in individual biological cells through single cell microelectroporation. Microfluidic channels are used to handle individual cells in a flow through fashion that yields high electroporation efficiency. Controlled introduction of macromolecules and genetic engineering of an individual cell are demonstrated.
The Action of Topical Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Facial Nerve Regeneration (2010)

This study showed that the regeneration of the facial nerve occurred earlier and resulted in significantly more myelinated nerve fibers in the animals that received topical bFGF.
A Laboratory-Scale Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Apparatus for Use in Hydrogen Production Cycles. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Personalization of Hearing Aid Fitting Based on Adaptive Dynamic Range Optimization (2022)

Adaptive dynamic range optimization (ADRO) is a hearing aid fitting rationale which involves adjusting the gains in a number of frequency bands by using a series of rules. The rules reflect the comparison of the estimated percentile occurrences of the sound levels with the audibility and comfort hearing levels of a person suffering from hearing loss. In the study reported in this paper, a previously developed machine learning method was utilized to personalize the ADRO fitting in order to provide an improved hearing experience as compared to the standard ADRO hearing aid fitting. The personalization was carried out based on the user preference model within the framework of maximum likelihood inverse reinforcement learning. The testing of ten subjects with hearing loss was conducted, which indicated that the personalized ADRO was preferred over the standard ADRO on average by about 10 times. Furthermore, a word recognition experiment was conducted, which showed that the personalized ADRO had no adverse impact on speech understanding as compared to the standard ADRO.
Equivalent blur in human vision (1987)

We measured thresholds for two-line resolution and for two-line separation discrimination in central and peripheral vision using Gaussian blurred lines. For both tasks and at all eccentricities the dependence of thresholds on stimulus blur can be characterized as follows: Th = [ U * (1 + B s / B E ) 2 ]) 1/2 , where Th is the threshold, U is the unblurred threshold, B S is the stimulus blur, and BE is the equivalent intrinsic blur of the visual system. When the stimulus blur B S is small, it has no influence on the thresholds; when it is larger than the equivalent intrinsic blur B E the threshold is proportional to the stimulus blur. B E is contrast invariant.
Cost-Effective Safety Treatment of Trees on Low-Volume Roads (2013)

Trees can be found almost anywhere along the road, which effectively increases their severity by increasing exposure. Trees vary in size and their rigidity poses undue risk to errant motorists. In addition, trees are naturally occurring roadside fixed objects that have been responsible for many fatalities and serious injuries during run-off-road crashes. In recognition of the fact that safety improvement funds are not always available, benefit-to-cost analyses using RSAP were conducted to investigate the efficacy of safety treatment of trees commonly found on roadways with traffic volumes less than 500 vehicle per day and posted speed limits of 55 mph (88.5 km/h) or greater. The benefit-to-cost study was based on a parametric analysis of the characteristics found during a field survey conducted in the state of Kansas, which include roadway geometry as well as tree geometry and tree frequency. Tree diameters of 6 in., 10 in., and 12+ in. (152 mm, 254 mm, and 305+ mm) were chosen for the analysis. A total of 120 scenarios were configured from four tree groupings, three different tree diameters, and four lateral offsets from the roadway. Each tree configuration combination was analyzed with ten different traffic volumes ranging from 50 to 500 ADT in increments of 50. Two tree-treatment methods were considered during the cost effective evaluation. The first treatment alternative consisted of the do nothing option, which represented the baseline condition. The second treatment alternative consisted of tree removal. Tree removal costs were gathered from tree removal experts, county forestry commissioners, and county engineers. Benefit-to-cost ratios were determined by RSAP and were used to make tree removal recommendations based on the number of trees present, the tree sizes, the spacing between trees, and the lateral offset of the tree line away from the roadway. In all cases the benefit-to-cost ratios for tree removal were never less than 1.0 which indicates there is no benefit to leaving the trees in place. Tree removal was considered the safest and primary alternative if the trees were located away from other obstacles. Because these guidelines were based solely on benefit-to-cost analyses, the engineer is encouraged to use these guidelines as a foundation.
Detection And Discrimination Of Known Signals In Inhomogeneous, Random Backgrounds (1989)

Two studies of the effect of background inhomogeneity on observer performance in radionuclide emission imaging are presented. In the first, the task is detection of a Gaussian blob, and the imaging aperture is a pinhole of Gaussian profile. In the second, a simple discrimination task called the Rayleigh task is considered, and the aperture has a rectangular profile. In both cases performance of a suboptimal linear observer is calculated; in the first study the observer is one derived in a classic paper by Harold Hotelling, while in the second study the observer is a simple non-prewhitening matched filter. In both studies an important variable is the aperture size, and a key question is whether a small aperture or compact point spread function is advantageous. The main result is that a large aperture may perform very well or even optimally with a spatially uniform background but fail badly when the background is non-uniform. Thus predictions of image quality based on stylized tasks with uniform background must be viewed with caution.
Ventilation Defects Observed with Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury (2010)

Regions of diminished ventilation are often evident during functional pulmonary imaging studies, including hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, and computed tomography (CT). The objective of this study was to characterize the hypointense regions observed via (3)He MRI in a murine model of acute lung injury. LPS at doses ranging from 15-50 μg was intratracheally administered to C57BL/6 mice under anesthesia. Four hours after exposure to either LPS or saline vehicle, mice were imaged via hyperpolarized (3)He MRI. All images were evaluated to identify regions of hypointense signals. Lungs were then characterized by conventional histology, or used to obtain tissue samples from regions of normal and hypointense (3)He signals and analyzed for cytokine content. The characterization of (3)He MRI images identified three distinct types of hypointense patterns: persistent defects, atelectatic defects, and dorsal lucencies. Persistent defects were associated with the administration of LPS. The number of persistent defects depended on the dose of LPS, with a significant increase in mean number of defects in 30-50-μg LPS-dosed mice versus saline-treated control mice. Atelectatic defects predominated in LPS-dosed mice under conditions of low-volume ventilation, and could be reversed with deep inspiration. Dorsal lucencies were present in nearly all mice studied, regardless of the experimental conditions, including control animals that did not receive LPS. A comparison of (3)He MRI with histopathology did not identify tissue abnormalities in regions of low (3)He signal, with the exception of a single region of atelectasis in one mouse. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were evident in concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (KC), TNFα, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 between hypointense and normally ventilated lung regions in LPS-dosed mice. Thus, this study defines the anatomic, functional, and biochemical characteristics of ventilation defects associated with the administration of LPS in a murine model of acute lung injury.
Inherent RF linearized bandwidth broadening capability of an ultra-linear optical modulator (2010)

Almost all existing resonator-based linearized optical modulators suffer from an inherent RF bandwidth narrowing that limit their applications and performance. Here, we show an ultra-linear optical modulator, called IMPACC, (Interferometric Modulator with Phase-modulating And Cavity-modulating Components) that has three unique RF bandwidth characteristics, which are not present in other resonator-based linearized optical modulators. We demonstrate these unique characteristics by contrasting IMPACC's performance to the Resonator-Assisted Mach Zehnder Interferometer (RAMZI) modulator. First, IMPACC can enhance its linearized RF bandwidth up to ~ 20% of central RF frequency (compared to ~1% for RAMZI). Second, unlike RAMZI, the RF bandwidth enhancement has a near-flat response characteristic across this bandwidth window. Third, IMPACC can maintain an excellent spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) capability (&gt;130 dB at 1Hz bandwidth) across this window. The wide linear bandwidth capability is also demonstrated for modulation frequencies up to 75GHz.
Observation of energy exchange in coupled atom field quantum oscillators (1989)

Recently much attention, theoretical and experimental, has focused on the study of one or a few atoms interacting with the modes of a resonator. Experimental observations of changes in the atoms’ spontaneous emission rates in the microwave as well as optical regions have been reported.1 Additionally, atomic line center frequency shifts induced by the presence of the cavity have also been observed. These effects have been attributed to cavity-induced changes in the density of modes of the surrounding vacuum.2
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Functional Groups: Substituted Alkanes and Alkanols on Graphite (2001)

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Functional Groups: Substituted Alkanes and Alkanols on Graphite
Large photonic band gaps in certain periodic and quasiperiodic networks in two and three dimensions (2004)

The photonic band structures in certain two- and three-dimensional periodic networks made of one-dimensional waveguides are studied by using the Floquet-Bloch theorem. We find that photonic band gaps exist only in those structures where the fundamental loop exhibits antiresonant transmission. This is also true for quasiperiodic networks in two and three dimensions, where the photonic band structures are calculated from the spectra of total transmission arising from a source inside the samples. In all the cases we have studied, it is also found that the gap positions in a network are dictated by the frequencies at which the antiresonance occurs.
Green polariton photoluminescence using the red-emitting phosphor PtOEP (2007)

We demonstrate strong exciton-photon coupling in a microcavity containing the red-emitting organic phosphor 3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H, 23H-porphyrin platinum(II). We investigate the structure under both resonant and nonresonant cw excitations. Green polariton photoluminescence is observed in both cases. Peaks corresponding to uncoupled phosphorescence and polariton emission are observed in the photoluminescence excitation spectrum of the microcavity. A Rabi splitting of $47\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ is obtained. The role of intersystem crossing and the possibility of using strong coupling to affect the exciton relaxation dynamics are investigated and discussed.
Transvaginal 3D Image-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Array (2005)

The goal of this project is to develop a transvaginal image‐guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) device using piezocomposite HIFU array technology, and commercially‐available ultrasound imaging. Potential applications include treatment of uterine fibroids and abnormal uterine bleeding. The HIFU transducer was an annular phased array, with a focal length range of 30–60 mm, an elliptically‐shaped aperture of 35×60 mm, and an operating frequency of 3 MHz. A pillow‐shaped bag with water circulation will be used for coupling the HIFU energy into the tissue. An intra‐cavity imaging probe (C9‐5, Philips) was integrated with the HIFU array such that the focal axis of the HIFU transducer was within the image plane. The entire device will be covered by a gel‐filled condom when inserted in the vaginal cavity. To control it, software packages were developed in the LabView programming environment. An imaging algorithm processed the ultrasound image to remove noise patterns due to the HIFU signal. The device will be equipped with a three‐dimensional tracking system, using a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom articulating arm. Necrotic lesions were produced in a tissue‐mimicking phantom and a turkey breast sample for all focal lengths. Various HIFU doses allow various necrotic lesion shapes, including thin ellipsoidal, spherical, wide cylindrical, and teardrop‐shaped. Software control of the device allows multiple foci to be activated sequentially for desired lesion patterns. Ultrasound imaging synchronization can be achieved using hardware signals obtained from the imaging system, or software signals determined empirically for various imaging probes. The image‐guided HIFU device will provide a valuable tool in visualization of uterine fibroid tumors for the purposes of planning and subsequent HIFU treatment of the tumor, all in a 3D environment. The control system allows for various lesions of different shapes to be optimally positioned in the tumor to cover the entire tumor volume. Real‐time ultrasound imaging for guidance and monitoring of HIFU treatment provides an effective method for outpatient‐based procedures.
Drain-to-Gate Field Engineering for Improved Frequency Response of GaN-based HEMTs (2007)

This paper reports a novel approach in designing high frequency AlGaN/GaN HEMTs based on gate-drain field engineering utilizing a drain-connected field controlling electrode. The absence of frequency behavior degradation with drain bias as well as record high electron velocity values were obtained using gate-to-FCE separation of 0.5-0.7 mum. Thus, we demonstrated that the FCE is a powerful way to improving the high frequency, high power performance of GaN HEMTs at high drain biases.
Biochemische Marker im Serum von Patienten mit gastrointestinalen und bronchialen Tumoren - eine Multiparameterstudie (1987)

Article Biochemische Marker im Serum von Patienten mit gastrointestinalen und bronchialen Tumoren - eine Multiparameterstudie was published on January 1, 1987 in the journal Journal of Laboratory Medicine (volume 11, issue 6).