gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Surface Topology of Human Lymphoid Cells by Scanning Electron Microscopy (2015)

We have studied the surface characteristics of human lymphoid cells with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). We obtained thymic cells by mincing thymus and isolating peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors as well as patients with acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ALL and CLL). Prior to SEM, we purified the lymphocytes in isoosmotic Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. In addition, we examined several lymphoid cell lines in permanent culture derived from normal persons, patients with infectious mononucleosis, as well as from patients with ALL. The surfaces of most thymic cells appear smooth with only a few short microvilli. A small number of thymic cells, on the other hand, are found to exhibit many more microvilli of uniform shape and length. We could further identify lymphocytes from normal donors as T- and B-types according to their rosetting spontaneously with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) resemble thymic cells in their surface topology. However, B-cells rosetting with amboceptor--and complement--treated SRBC show greater number of microvilli. The surface morphology of lymphocytes from leukemic patients appears more or less characteristic of the disease type. In contrast, the surfaces of cultured lymphoid cells show a diversified surface topology, often with large smooth areas, very long and very short microcilli, which may often cluster in groups. These data bear directly upon techniques of plasma membrane fractionation and we suspect that the topology differences correlate with their differentiation patterns.
Abstract 10009: Aortic Hemodynamic and Mechanical Properties are Concomitantly Reduced in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2015)

Introduction: Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has significant impact on flow and tissue remodeling in the pulmonary vasculature, previous studies indicate that PAH is also associated with increased stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in the systemic circulation. Alterations in vascular properties of the systemic circulation may have hemodynamic relevance for left ventricular adaptation to PAH. Reduced wall shear stress (WSS) and vascular elastic markers are known manifestations of vascular disease and may provide insight into the vascular behavior of the systemic circulation in PAH. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that WSS and mechanical elasticity are altered in the thoracic aorta in PAH, and that these measures correlate with pulmonary hemodynamics. Methods: As part of a prospective study, 18 patients with PAH and 5 age-matched controls underwent the same day right heart catheterization (RHC) and 4 dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance (4D CMR) for computation of WSS in four aortic regions (endovascular landing zones 1 to 4). The aortic capacitance was calculated as the ratio of stroke volume (SV) and pulse pressure (PP). The elastic modulus was defined as the inverse aortic strain divided by PP. The difference in median values was assessed via Wilcoxon ranked sum method and Spearman rho was used for linear regression analysis. Results: The WSS (N/m2) was significantly reduced in all four aortic zones (zone 1: 0.540 vs. 0.800, p = 0.0325; zone 2: 0.424 vs. 0.615, p = 0.0402; zone 3: 0.419 vs. 0.625, p = 0.0250; zone 4: 0.513 vs. 0.794, p = 0.0046). While aortic capacitance (mL/mmHg) was significantly reduced in the PAH subjects (1.82 vs. 5.97, p = 0.008), the elastic modulus (mmHg) was higher (3.52 vs. 8.25, p = &lt; 0.001). The most significant correlation was between the WSS in zone 4 and pulmonary vascular resistance (rho = -0.70, p = 0.006) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (rho = -0.62, p = 0.002). Conclusions: PAH is associated with reduced WSS in the thoracic aorta, suggesting reduced systemic flow conduction in PAH. WSS and mechanical vascular markers may aid in the understanding of the impact of PAH on systemic hemodynamics and tissue mechanics.
Microfluidic baker's transformation device for three-dimensional rapid mixing (2011)

We developed a new passive-type micromixer based on the baker's transformation and realized a fast mixing of a protein solution, which has lower diffusion constant. The baker's transformation is an ideal mixing method, but there is no report on the microfluidic baker's transformation (MBT), since it is required to fabricate the complicated three-dimensional (3D) structure to realize the MBT device. In this note, we successfully fabricate the MBT device by using precision diamond cutting of an oxygen-free copper substrate for the mould fabrication and PDMS replication. The MBT device with 10.4 mm mixing length enables us to achieve complete mixing of a FITC solution (D = 2.6 × 10(-10) m(2) s(-1)) within 51 ms and an IgG solution (D = 4.6 × 10(-11) m(2) s(-1)) within 306 ms. Its mixing speed is 70-fold higher for a FITC solution and 900-fold higher for an IgG solution than the mixing speed by the microchannel without MBT structures. The Péclet number to attain complete mixing in the MBT device is estimated to be 6.9 × 10(4).
Artificial Intelligence for 6G Networks: Technology Advancement and Standardization (2022)

With the deployment of 5G networks, standards organizations have started working on the design phase for 6G networks. 6G networks will be immensely complex, requiring more deployment time, cost, and management efforts. On the other hand, mobile network operators demand these networks to be intelligent, self-organizing, and cost-effective to reduce operating expenses (OPEX). Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), is the answer to many of these challenges by providing pragmatic solutions, which can entirely change the future of wireless network technologies. By using some case study examples, we briefly examine the most compelling problems, particularly at the physical layer (PHY) and link layer in cellular networks, where ML can bring significant gains. We also review standardization activities in relation to the use of ML in wireless networks and a future timeline on the readiness of standardization bodies to adapt to these changes. Finally, we highlight major issues in ML use in wireless technology, and provide potential directions to mitigate some of them in 6G wireless networks.
MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADIOTHERAPY: RESULTS FROM CALGB 9687, A CONTEMPORARY PROSPECTIVE MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL SALVAGE RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY SERIES (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADIOTHERAPY: RESULTS FROM CALGB 9687, A CONTEMPORARY PROSPECTIVE MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL SALVAGE RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY SERIES Mitchell H Sokoloff, Gary D Steinberg, Susan Halabi, Ben L Sanford, James A Eastham, James L Mohler, Phillip J Walther, Peter R Carroll, Nicholas J Vogelzang, and Eric J Small Mitchell H SokoloffMitchell H Sokoloff , Gary D SteinbergGary D Steinberg , Susan HalabiSusan Halabi , Ben L SanfordBen L Sanford , James A EasthamJames A Eastham , James L MohlerJames L Mohler , Phillip J WaltherPhillip J Walther , Peter R CarrollPeter R Carroll , Nicholas J VogelzangNicholas J Vogelzang , and Eric J SmallEric J Small View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61892-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADIOTHERAPY: RESULTS FROM CALGB 9687, A CONTEMPORARY PROSPECTIVE MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL SALVAGE RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY SERIES." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 647 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 647 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetrics Author Information Mitchell H Sokoloff More articles by this author Gary D Steinberg More articles by this author Susan Halabi More articles by this author Ben L Sanford More articles by this author James A Eastham More articles by this author James L Mohler More articles by this author Phillip J Walther More articles by this author Peter R Carroll More articles by this author Nicholas J Vogelzang More articles by this author Eric J Small More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
End-to-End Boundary Aware Networks for Medical Image Segmentation (2019)

Abstract Fully convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be effective at representing and classifying textural information, thus transforming image intensity into output class masks that achieve semantic image segmentation. In medical image analysis, however, expert manual segmentation often relies on the boundaries of anatomical structures of interest. We propose boundary aware CNNs for medical image segmentation. Our networks are designed to account for organ boundary information, both by providing a special network edge branch and edge-aware loss terms, and they are trainable end-to-end. We validate their effectiveness on the task of brain tumor segmentation using the BraTS 2018 dataset. Our experiments reveal that our approach yields more accurate segmentation results, which makes it promising for more extensive application to medical image segmentation.
IL-2 availability regulates the tissue specific phenotype of murine intra-hepatic Tregs (2022)

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs are known to acquire tissue-specific features and exert cytoprotective and regenerative functions. The extent to which this applies to liver-resident Tregs is unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the phenotypic and functional characteristics of adult murine liver resident Tregs during homeostasis. Additionally, we investigated their role in ameliorating liver inflammation and tissue damage. Quantification of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ cells comparing different tissues showed that the liver contained significantly fewer resident Tregs. A combination of flow cytometry phenotyping and microarray analysis of intra-hepatic and splenic Tregs under homeostatic conditions revealed that, although intra-hepatic Tregs exhibited the core transcriptional Treg signature, they expressed a distinct transcriptional profile. This was characterized by reduced CD25 expression and increased levels of pro-inflammatory Th1 transcripts <i>Il1b</i> and <i>Ifng</i>. <i>In vivo</i> ablation of Tregs in the Foxp3-DTR mouse model showed that Tregs had a role in reducing the magnitude of systemic and intra-hepatic inflammatory responses following acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) injury, but their absence did not impact the development of hepatocyte necrosis. Conversely, the specific expansion of Tregs by administration of IL-2 complexes increased the number of intra-hepatic Tregs and significantly ameliorated tissue damage following CCl₄ administration in C57BL/6 mice. The cytoprotective effect observed in response to IL-2c was associated with the increased expression of markers known to regulate Treg suppressive function. Our results offer insight into the transcriptome and complex immune network of intra-hepatic Tregs and suggest that strategies capable of selectively increasing the pool of intra-hepatic Tregs could constitute effective therapies in inflammatory liver diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazine‐Mediated Cyclization of Ugi Products to Synthesize Novel 3‐Hydroxypyrazoles. (2012)

Abstract A three‐step sequence is presented via Ugi four‐component reaction followed by debenzylation and cyclization with hydrazine.
A Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier with 5μV Offset for Bidirectional High-Side Current-Sensing (2008)

In this paper, a current-feedback instrumentation amplifier for bidirectional high-side current-sensing is proposed. The current sense amplifier was fabricated in a 0.8mum BICMOS process with high-voltage transistors and laser-trimmed thin-film resistors. It is concluded that these amplifiers offer a new level of precision in current sensing.
Enantioselective Catalytic Intramolecular Cyclopropanation using Modified Cinchona Alkaloid Organocatalysts (2006)

Ein mechanismusgesteuerter Designprozess wurde für die Entwicklung von Chinaalkaloiden genutzt, die an der C2′-Position der Chinolineinheit substituiert sind. Diese Verbindungen erwiesen sich als ausgezeichnete Organokatalysatoren für eine enantioselektive intramolekulare Cyclopropanierung (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z602129_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Yellow-Orange-Emitting CaAlSiN3:Ce3+ Phosphor: Structure, Photoluminescence, and Application in White LEDs (2008)

The crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of undoped and Ce3+-doped CaAlSiN3 as well as the application of white-light LEDs are reported. CaAlSiN3 and CaAlSiN3:Ce3+ have been synthesized, starting from Ca3N2, AlN, Si3N4, and CeN or CeO2 with and without Li3N, by a solid state reaction at 1700 °C for 4 h under high purity nitrogen atmosphere. Instead of an ideal CaAlSiN3, a more appropriate formula is proposed to be CaAl1−4δ/3Si1+δN3 (δ ≈ 0.3−0.4) with an Al/Si ratio of about 1:2 on the basis of the bond valence sum calculations, in which Al/Si is disorderly occupied on the 8b site within Cmc21 space group. Ce3+ can be incorporated into the host lattice of CaAlSiN3, and the estimated maximum solubility of Ce3+ is about x = 0.02 (e.g., 2.0 mol % with respect to Ca) of Ca1−2xCexLixAlSiN3. CaAlSiN3:Ce3+ can be efficiently excited by blue light (450−480 nm) and yields yellow-orange emission with a broadband peaking in the range of 570−603 nm, originating from the 5d1 → 4f1 transition of Ce3+. With an increase of Ce concentration, the emission band of Ce3+ shifts to longer wavelengths due to the increased Stokes shift corresponding to structural relaxation and energy transfer of Ce3+. Upon excitation in blue light range (450−480 nm), the absorption and external quantum efficiency are about 70% and 56%, respectively, for both Ca1−2xCexLixAlSiN3 and Ca1−xCexAlSiN3−2x/3O3x/2 at x = 0.01. In addition, Ca1−2xCexLixAlSiN3 and Ca1−xCexAlSiN3−2x/3O3x/2 show high thermal stability in air with the quenching temperature above 300 °C for x = 0.01. Using single CaAlSiN3:Ce3+ as the wavelength conversion phosphor combined with a blue InGaN LED-chip (450 nm), warm white-light LEDs can be generated, yielding the luminous efficacy of about 50 lm/W at color temperature 3722 K and the color rendering index (Ra) of 70, which demonstrates that CaAlSiN3:Ce3+ is a highly promising yellow-orange phosphor for use in white-light LEDs.
Wafer Fusion Condition for GaAs/AlGaAs System and Its Application to Laser Diode (2001)

The wafer fusion technique is applied to a GaAs/GaAs system and the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the fused interface are investigated. A voltage barrier is observed at the n-GaAs/n-GaAs fused interface, but not at the p-GaAs/p-GaAs fused interface. The wafer fusion technique is also applied to laser fabrication, and a Fabry-Perot-type semiconductor laser using the GaAs/AlGaAs system is fabricated. The lasing oscillation at a wavelength of 785 nm is confirmed. The threshold current density is estimated to be as low as 2.1 kA/cm 2 .
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Fecal Bacteria Act as Novel Biomarkers for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Good consistency in quantification of nusG/F. nucleatum (Fn) was achieved by two experimenters using our convenient platform. Two samples with outlier highlevels of Fn were further excluded so as to show more clearly the good consistency even in samples with relatively low levels of Fn. Abundances of Fn were shown in arbitrary unit; Supplementary Figure S2. Contaminant human DNA had little effect on the new qPCR platform. (A) A representative example of qPCR evaluation of the internal control on a mixture of 10 randomly selected fecal samples added with different concentrations of human DNA. (B) A representative example of duplex qPCR evaluation of the internal control and F. nucleatum on a randomly selected fecal sample added with different concentrations of human DNA; Supplementary Figure S3. Metagenome sequencing data showed that combination with other markers improved the diagnostic ability of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) for colorectal cancer. ROC curves for Fn alone and simple linear combination of all the five selected bacterial marker candidates including Fn, Bacteroides clarus (Bc), Clostridium hathewayi (Ch), one undefined species (labeled as m7), and Roseburia intestinalis (Ri). The best cutoff values that maximize sensitivity and specificity were determined for Fn and 5-markers individually in the metagenome sequencing cohort with 74 CRC patients and 54 controls. AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.&lt;/p&gt;
Evidence of CP violation in B+→pp¯K+ decays (2014)

Three-body $B^+\\to p \\overline p K^+$ and $B^+\\to p \\overline p \\pi^+$ decays are studied using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 $fb^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8$ TeV. Evidence of CP violation in the $B^+\\to p \\overline p K^+$ decay is found in regions of the phase space, representing the first measurement of this kind for a final state containing baryons. Measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry of the light meson in the $p\\overline p$ rest frame yield $A_{\\mathrm{FB}}(p \\overline p K^+,~m_{p\\overline p}&lt;2.85\\mathrm{\\,Ge\\kern -0.1em V\\!/}c^2)=0.495\\pm0.012~(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm0.007~(\\mathrm{syst})$ and $A_{\\mathrm{FB}}(p\\overline p \\pi^+,~m_{p\\overline p}&lt;2.85\\mathrm{\\,Ge\\kern -0.1em V\\!/}c^2)=-0.409\\pm0.033~(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm0.006~(\\mathrm{syst})$. In addition, the branching fraction of the decay $B^+\\to\\kern 0.1em\\overline{\\kern -0.1em\\Lambda}(1520)p$ is measured to be $\\mathcal{B}(B^+ \\to \\kern 0.1em\\overline{\\kern -0.1em\\Lambda}(1520)p)=(3.15\\pm0.48~(\\mathrm{stat})\\pm0.07~(\\mathrm{syst})\\pm0.26~(\\mathrm{BF}))\\times 10^{-7}$, where BF denotes the uncertainty on secondary branching fractions.
Hole-Pattern and Honeycomb Seal Rotordynamic Forces: Validation of CFD-Based Prediction Techniques (2012)

This paper deals with modeling of hole-pattern and honeycomb seals. These are frequently used as balance piston seals in high pressure centrifugal compressor applications as they have the potential to facilitate superior rotordynamic damping characteristics while providing good leakage control. On the other hand it is also well-established that the rotordynamic performance of hole-pattern and honeycomb seals is very sensitive to convergence and divergence in the streamwise direction. The Isotseal bulk-flow code has shown difficulties in predicting the rotordynamic coefficients for convergent seal geometries or in cases with negative preswirl. This has led to increased interest in CFD-based analysis of seal dynamics. CFD-based models generally have less assumptions and are applicable for complex geometries or operating ranges not covered by bulk-flow codes. The CFD-based Instationary Perturbation Model (IPM) is utilized for the analysis of the hole-pattern and honeycomb seals. The rotordynamic forces are obtained by means of a time-dependent perturbation of the rotor position with respect to the stator. A sequence of perturbation frequencies is utilized to obtain the frequency dependence of the rotordynamic seal force coefficients. A strong effort has been put into validating the CFD-based perturbation modeling techniques against published experimental seal test data and the paper describes selected validation cases. A constant-clearance hole-pattern seal and a convergent honeycomb seal are analyzed and the results are compared to experimental results. The frequency dependence of the rotordynamic stiffness and damping characteristics of the seals is very well-captured for both types of seals.Finally, the IPM method was applied to a convergent hole-pattern seal to investigate the effects of eccentricity on the rotordynamic coefficients. The results are consistent with available experimental data.
Exceptionally high-strength ({approximately}3 GPa) aluminum alloys demonstrated by oxygen ion implantation (1992)

Oxygen-implanted Al surface layers are shown to have exceptional flow stresses, with values up to 2.9 GPa for 20 at.% 0. Quantitative evaluations are obtained by probing the hardness with low-load indentation and evaluating the combined response of the layer and substrate with finite element modeling. The high densities of nanometer-size oxide precipitates observed with TEM account for the high strengths through conventional dispersion hardening theory. High strength is found even after the 20% alloy is annealed at 550{degrees}C (1.2 GPa). Relatively high strengths are also found for unannealed Al implanted with as little as 5 at.% 0 (1.4 GPa). In addition, the coefficient of friction of Al and associated stick-slip adhesion are greatly reduced by 0 implantation. This work indicates that the fcc Al matrix can be precipitation hardened far beyond the strengths of current aerospace alloys ({approximately}0.5 GPa), and that conventional hardening theories can be applied to high volume fractions of nanometer-size precipitates to aid in designing new high-strength alloys. Aluminum oxide precipitates should be considered for strengthening Al alloys because of their effectiveness in blocking dislocation motion at small sizes ({approximately}l mn) and their relatively high thermal stability. Oxygen implantation should be evaluated for treatment of Al-alloymore » engineering components in sliding contact to improve their tribological performance.« less
Simmons—Smith Cyclopropanation Reaction (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and implementation of conventional (PID) and modern (Fuzzy logic) controllers for an energy storage system of hybrid electric vehicles (2017)

Hybrid electrical vehicles have become widely used over the last 20 years, which made the energy systems of these vehicles a very common area of research. The purpose of this research is to design an energy storage system for a hybrid electrical vehicle controlled by two different controllers (Conventional PID and modern Fuzzy logic controllers FLC). The main goals of these controllers are to eliminate the energy loss throughout the system components (mainly the lithium ion battery and the Ultra-capacitors), and to produce a perfect system response which deliver the exact power demand needed at the output. This paper also compares these two controllers in terms of design and performance.
X-ray phase microtomography with a single grating for high-throughput investigations of biological tissue (2017)

The high-throughput 3D visualisation of biological specimens is essential for studying diseases and developmental disorders. It requires imaging methods that deliver high-contrast, high-resolution volumetric information at short sample preparation and acquisition times. Here we show that X-ray phase-contrast tomography using a single grating can provide a powerful alternative to commonly employed techniques, such as high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM). We present the phase tomography of a mouse embryo in paraffin obtained with an X-ray single-grating interferometer at I13-2 Beamline at Diamond Light Source and discuss the results in comparison with HREM measurements. The excellent contrast and quantitative density information achieved non-destructively and without staining using a simple, robust setup make X-ray single-grating interferometry an optimum candidate for high-throughput imaging of biological specimens as an alternative for existing methods like HREM.