gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quick generation of R aman spectroscopy based in‐process glucose control to influence biopharmaceutical protein product quality during mammalian cell culture (2015)

Mitigating risks to biotherapeutic protein production processes and products has driven the development of targeted process analytical technology (PAT); however implementing PAT during development without significantly increasing program timelines can be difficult. The development of a monoclonal antibody expressed in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line via fed-batch processing presented an opportunity to demonstrate capabilities of altering percent glycated protein product. Glycation is caused by pseudo-first order, non-enzymatic reaction of a reducing sugar with an amino group. Glucose is the highest concentration reducing sugar in the chemically defined media (CDM), thus a strategy controlling glucose in the production bioreactor was developed utilizing Raman spectroscopy for feedback control. Raman regions for glucose were determined by spiking studies in water and CDM. Calibration spectra were collected during 8 bench scale batches designed to capture a wide glucose concentration space. Finally, a PLS model capable of translating Raman spectra to glucose concentration was built using the calibration spectra and spiking study regions. Bolus feeding in mammalian cell culture results in wide glucose concentration ranges. Here we describe the development of process automation enabling glucose setpoint control. Glucose-free nutrient feed was fed daily, however glucose stock solution was fed as needed according to online Raman measurements. Two feedback control conditions were executed where glucose was controlled at constant low concentration or decreased stepwise throughout. Glycation was reduced from ∼9% to 4% using a low target concentration but was not reduced in the stepwise condition as compared to the historical bolus glucose feeding regimen.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Fast Lithium Ionic Conduction in a LiBH4–C60 Nanocomposite (2014)

We have developed a LiBH4–C60 nanocomposite that displays fast lithium ionic conduction in the solid state. The material is a homogeneous nanocomposite that contains both LiBH4 and a hydrogenated fullerene species. In the presence of C60, the lithium ion mobility of LiBH4 is significantly enhanced in the as-prepared state when compared to pure LiBH4. We also observed that after the material is annealed, the lithium ion mobility is further enhanced. The magnitude of enhancement in lithium ion mobility of the annealed material is comparable to that previously observed for LiX (X = halide) addition to LiBH4. In a LiBH4:C60 70:30 wt % sample that was annealed, we measured Li ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10–5 S/cm at 25 °C and 2.0 × 10–3 S/cm at 140 °C. Constant current cycling demonstrated that the material is stable in the presence of metallic lithium electrodes. First-principles calculations were also performed to demonstrate how C60 perturbs the interaction of lithium with the borohydride anion yielding a plausible explanation for the observed high ionic conductivity. The feasibility of this material as a solid state electrolyte was then demonstrated in a solid-state lithium ion battery.
Multiple-View Spectral Clustering for Group-wise Functional Community Detection (2016)

Functional connectivity analysis yields powerful insights into our understanding of the human brain. Group-wise functional community detection aims to partition the brain into clusters, or communities, in which functional activity is inter-regionally correlated in a common manner across a group of subjects. In this article, we show how to use multiple-view spectral clustering to perform group-wise functional community detection. In a series of experiments on 291 subjects from the Human Connectome Project, we compare three versions of multiple-view spectral clustering: MVSC (uniform weights), MVSCW (weights based on subject-specific embedding quality), and AASC (weights optimized along with the embedding) with the competing technique of Joint Diagonalization of Laplacians (JDL). Results show that multiple-view spectral clustering not only yields group-wise functional communities that are more consistent than JDL when using randomly selected subsets of individual brains, but it is several orders of magnitude faster than JDL.
Gas source molecular beam epitaxy of scandium nitride on silicon carbide and gallium nitride surfaces (2014)

Scandium nitride (ScN) is a group IIIB transition metal nitride semiconductor with numerous potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to close lattice matching with gallium nitride (GaN). However, prior investigations of ScN have focused primarily on heteroepitaxial growth on substrates with a high lattice mismatch of 7%–20%. In this study, the authors have investigated ammonia (NH3) gas source molecular beam epitaxy (NH3-GSMBE) of ScN on more closely lattice matched silicon carbide (SiC) and GaN surfaces (&amp;lt;3% mismatch). Based on a thermodynamic analysis of the ScN phase stability window, NH3-GSMBE conditions of 10−5–10−4 Torr NH3 and 800–1050 °C where selected for initial investigation. In-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ Rutherford backscattering measurements showed all ScN films grown using these conditions were stoichiometric. For ScN growth on 3C-SiC (111)-(√3 × √3)R30° carbon rich surfaces, the observed attenuation of the XPS Si 2p and C 1s substrate core levels with increasing ScN thickness indicated growth initiated in a layer-by-layer fashion. This was consistent with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of 100–200 nm thick films that revealed featureless surfaces. In contrast, ScN films grown on 3C-SiC (111)-(3 × 3) and 3C-SiC (100)-(3 × 2) silicon rich surfaces were found to exhibit extremely rough surfaces in SEM. ScN films grown on both 3C-SiC (111)-(√3 × √3)R30° and 2H-GaN (0001)-(1 × 1) epilayer surfaces exhibited hexagonal (1 × 1) low energy electron diffraction patterns indicative of (111) oriented ScN. X-ray diffraction ω-2θ rocking curve scans for these same films showed a large full width half maximum of 0.29° (1047 arc sec) consistent with transmission electron microscopy images that revealed the films to be poly-crystalline with columnar grains oriented at ≈15° to the [0001] direction of the 6H-SiC (0001) substrate. In-situ reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements determined the band-gap for the NH3-GSMBE ScN films to be 1.5 ± 0.3 eV, and thermal probe measurements indicated all ScN films to be n-type. The four point probe sheet resistance of the ScN films was observed to increase with decreasing growth temperature and decreased with unintentional oxygen incorporation. Hg probe capacitance–voltage measurements indicated ND-NA decreased with decreasing growth temperature from 1019 to 1020/cm3 for the lowest resistivity films to ≅5 × 1016/cm3 for the highest resistivity films. In-situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements additionally showed the valence band maximum moving from 1.4 to 0.8 eV below the Fermi level with decreasing growth temperature consistent with the increased resistivity and reduction in carrier concentration. These results suggest that additional reductions in ScN carrier concentrations can be achieved via continued optimization of ScN growth conditions and selection of substrate orientation and surface termination.
Thermal stability of epoxidized soybean oil and its absorption and migration in poly(vinylchloride) (2012)

Abstract Thermal analyses of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) were conducted and showed that it was stable up to temperatures as high as 240–260°C in air‐free environment. The solubility and transport characteristics of ESO in poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) were also investigated under various conditions. The absorption study showed that the resin had a void volume of ∼0.3 cm 3 /g. Furthermore, ESO was found to be sufficiently soluble in the PVC matrix to function as an effective plasticizer, with equilibrium solubility of 72 g/100 g PVC at 80°C and 163 g/100 g PVC at 120°C. The absorption of ESO in PVC grains was a three step process comprising “induction,” “swelling,” and “saturation” periods. Torque rheometer studies showed that higher mixer temperature and/or speed facilitated uptake of plasticizer in PVC and ultimate fusion. Migration studies of plasticized and stabilized PVC compositions showed no change in mass at 40°C, but increasingly greater mass loss as the temperature was raised up to 120°C. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermoplastic blow molding of metals (2011)

While plastics have revolutionized industrial design due to their versatile processability, their relatively low strength has hampered their use in structural components. On the other hand, while metals are the basis for strong structural components, the geometries into which they can be processed are rather limited. The “ideal” material would offer a desirable combination of superior structural properties and the ability to be precision (net) shaped into complex geometries. Here we show that bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), which have superior mechanical properties, can be blow molded like plastics. The key to the enhanced processability of BMG formers is their amenability to thermoplastic forming. This allows complex BMG structures, some of which cannot be produced using any other metal process, to be net shaped precisely.
Electronic and Plasmonic Materials Inside Microstructured Optical Fibers (2007)

We report the growth of metal and crystalline semiconductor structures within holey fibers via a high-pressure microfluidic chemical vapour deposition process, to create novel photonic, electronic and plasmonic functionality inside the fiber waveguide.
Site-Specific mTOR Phosphorylation Promotes mTORC1-Mediated Signaling and Cell Growth (2009)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) functions as a rapamycin-sensitive environmental sensor that promotes cellular biosynthetic processes in response to growth factors and nutrients. While diverse physiological stimuli modulate mTORC1 signaling, the direct biochemical mechanisms underlying mTORC1 regulation remain poorly defined. Indeed, while three mTOR phosphorylation sites have been reported, a functional role for site-specific mTOR phosphorylation has not been demonstrated. Here we identify a new site of mTOR phosphorylation (S1261) by tandem mass spectrometry and demonstrate that insulin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling promotes mTOR S1261 phosphorylation in both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Here we focus on mTORC1 and show that TSC/Rheb signaling promotes mTOR S1261 phosphorylation in an amino acid-dependent, rapamycin-insensitive, and autophosphorylation-independent manner. Our data reveal a functional role for mTOR S1261 phosphorylation in mTORC1 action, as S1261 phosphorylation promotes mTORC1-mediated substrate phosphorylation (e.g., p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 [S6K1] and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1) and cell growth to increased cell size. Moreover, Rheb-driven mTOR S2481 autophosphorylation and S6K1 phosphorylation require S1261 phosphorylation. These data provide the first evidence that site-specific mTOR phosphorylation regulates mTORC1 function and suggest a model whereby insulin-stimulated mTOR S1261 phosphorylation promotes mTORC1 autokinase activity, substrate phosphorylation, and cell growth.
Incidence of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia among hospitalized nondiabetic patients (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Massively parallel femtosecond laser processing (2016)

Massively parallel femtosecond laser processing with more than 1000 beams was demonstrated. Parallel beams were generated by a computer-generated hologram (CGH) displayed on a spatial light modulator (SLM). The key to this technique is to optimize the CGH in the laser processing system using a scheme called in-system optimization. It was analytically demonstrated that the number of beams is determined by the horizontal number of pixels in the SLM N<sub>SLM</sub> that is imaged at the pupil plane of an objective lens and a distance parameter p<sub>d</sub> obtained by dividing the distance between adjacent beams by the diffraction-limited beam diameter. A performance limitation of parallel laser processing in our system was estimated at N<sub>SLM</sub> of 250 and p<sub>d</sub> of 7.0. Based on these parameters, the maximum number of beams in a hexagonal close-packed structure was calculated to be 1189 by using an analytical equation.
Impact of Wastewater Treatment Processes on Organic Carbon, Organic Nitrogen, and DBP Precursors in Effluent Organic Matter (2009)

Unintentional, indirect wastewater reuse often occurs as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges contaminate receiving waters serving as drinking-water supplies. A survey was conducted at 23 WWTPs that utilized a range of treatment technologies. Samples were analyzed for typical wastewater and drinking-water constituents, chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM), and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors present in the effluent organic matter (EfOM). This was the first large-scale assessment of the critical water quality parameters that affect the formation of potential carcinogens during drinking water treatment relative to the discharge of upstream WWTPs. This study considered a large and wide range of variables, including emerging contaminants rarely studied at WWTPs and never before in one study. This paper emphasizesthe profound impact of nitrification on many measures of effluent water quality, from the obvious wastewater parameters (e.g., ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand) to the ones specific to downstream drinking water treatment plants (e.g., formation potentialsfor a diverse group of DBPs of health concern). Complete nitrification reduced the concentration of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and changed the ratio of BDOC/DOC. Although nitrification reduced ultraviolet absorbance (UVA) at 254 nm, it resulted in an increase in specific UVA (UVA/DOC). This is attributed to preferential removal of the less UV-absorbing (nonhumic) fraction of the DOC during biological treatment. EfOM is composed of hydrophilic and biodegradable DOM, as well as hydrophobic and recalcitrant DOM, whose proportions change with advanced biological treatment. The onset of nitrification yielded lower precursor levels for haloacetic acids and nitrogenous DBPs (haloacetonitriles, N-nitrosodimethylamine). However, trihalomethane precursors were relatively unaffected by the level of wastewater treatment Thus, one design/operations parameter in wastewater treatment, the decision to have a long enough solids retention time to get reliable nitrification, affected much beyond its immediate goal of ammonium oxidation.
Laser performance of highly neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystals (2001)

The laser performance of highly neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystals is reported. In cw laser-diode pumping, a slope efficiency of 54% was achieved for a 2-at. %-doped sample, which was comparable with the slope efficiency of 55% of YVO(4) . The crystal also exhibited a slope efficiency of 64% under pulsed Ti:sapphire pumping. Such a high efficiency suggests a total cavity loss of ~1% , which is as low as that of commercially available 1-at. % YAG crystal. The excellent performance of the neodymium-doped YAG crystals indicates their high optical quality.
Abstract 4702: Combination of BET inhibitor INCB054329 and LSD1 inhibitor INCB059872 is synergistic for the treatment of AML in vitro and in vivo (2016)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by the expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell like population caused in part by a block of myeloid differentiation. In AML an altered epigenetic landscape, often arising from genetic lesions in epigenetic regulators, enforces an oncogenic expression profile and suppresses myeloid differentiation. Indeed, a screen for essential genes in the murine MLL-AF9 retroviral model of leukemia identified the epigenetic regulators BRD4 and LSD1 as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, independent studies have demonstrated that inhibition of BRD4 or LSD1 by small molecules induced myeloid differentiation and suppressed leukemic stem cell phenotype in AML models. Recently it has been demonstrated that combinations of inhibitors that target distinct epigenetic regulators can exhibit synergistic effects on target gene transcription and cancer cell growth. Therefore we investigated the potential combinatorial effects of a novel FAD-directed LSD1 inhibitor, INCB059872, together with the BET inhibitor, INCB054329. The effects of single agent LSD1 and BET inhibitors or their combination were assessed using human AML models in vitro and in vivo. INCB054329 as monotherapy inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human AML cell lines, while INCB059872 induced cellular differentiation in these cell lines as determined by the induction of myeloid differentiation markers, CD86 and CD11b. The combination of INCB054329 and INCB059872 enhanced myeloid differentiation and apoptosis in human AML cell lines compared with the single agents. Interestingly, c-myc expression was down-regulated to greater extent with the combination of both compounds compared to either agent alone. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy with favorable tolerability was observed in human AML xenograft models when both agents were administered simultaneously or sequentially, with INCB059872 dosing regimens preceding INCB054329 administration demonstrating the greatest efficacy. These ongoing studies demonstrate that concurrent inhibition of two distinct families of epigenetic regulators, BET and LSD1, is active in preclinical AML models, and provide a rationale for the clinical evaluation of this novel, epigenetic doublet therapy in AML. Citation Format: Xuesong Liu, Matthew Stubbs, Min Ye, Roberts Collins, Margaret Favata, Gengjie Yang, Melody Diamond, Valerie Dostalik, Yvonne Lo, Chunhong He, Liangxing Wu, Andrew Combs, Wenqing Yao, Gregory Hollis, Reid Huber, Peggy Scherle, Bruce Ruggeri, Phillip Liu, Sang Hyun Lee. Combination of BET inhibitor INCB054329 and LSD1 inhibitor INCB059872 is synergistic for the treatment of AML in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4702.
Studies of high index immersion lithography (2008)

High index immersion lithography is one of the candidates for next generation lithography technology following water immersion lithography. This technology may be most attractive for the industry since it is effective in raising resolution without seriously changing the chip making processes. This motivates us to continue to study further NA expansion although there are many challenges with respect to either high index fluid development or high index lens material development. In this paper, the current status of high index lithography development compared with the industry's requirements is discussed while considering design feasibility.
Isoflucypram, the first representative of a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide subclass: Its chemical discovery and unusual binding mode (2020)

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have played a crucial role in disease control to protect cereals as well as fruit and vegetables for more than a decade. Isoflucypram, the first representative of a newly installed subclass of SDHIs inside the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) family of complex II inhibitors, offers unparalleled long-lasting efficacy against major foliar diseases in cereals. Herein we report the chemical optimization from early discovery towards isoflucypram and the first hypothesis of its altered binding mode in the ubiquinone binding site of succinate dehydrogenase. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Spin-Dependent Tunneling in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with a Layered Antiferromagnetic Cr(001) Spacer: Role of Band Structure and Interface Scattering (2005)

The tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR), which is intrinsically determined by the interface monolayer of an electrode, was realized by using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a single-crystal Cr(001) layer inserted between a tunnel barrier and an electrode. The MTJs showed an oscillation of the TMR ratio as a function of the thickness of the Cr(001) layer with a period of 2 monatomic layers, which corresponds to the layered antiferromagnetic structure of Cr(001). These oscillations originate from electron scattering at the interface, due to the mismatching of the symmetry of the wave functions and band structure in Cr(001).
[Current options for antifungal therapy of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units]. (2010)

Candidemia and invasive candidiasis are the most frequent mycoses in critically ill patients in intensive care units. Recently, the number of systemic antifungal agents has increased, leading to improved treatment options. Yet these infections remain to be characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality rates. The most important predisposing factors are yeast colonization of the mucosa or skin and damage to the integrity of the host's natural barriers. Early diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is difficult, since its clinical manifestations are not characteristic and the laboratory techniques are time-consuming and not completely reliable. The currently available treatments comprise three groups of antifungals: triazoles, polyenes and echinocandins. For its effectiveness, low toxicity and reasonable price, fluconazole is the most widespread drug currently used to treat systemic yeast infections. However, despite high treatment costs, echinocandins are becoming the drug of choice. The advantages are a broad spectrum of species, safe administration to patients with kidney and liver damage, minimal drug interactions and fungicidal effects. Candidemia may often be positively influenced by replacing an intravenous catheter. Despite earlier controversy, the latest treatment strategies clearly recommend its removal. Although antifungal prophylaxis lowers the incidence of invasive candidiasis, it is considered to be useful only if targeted to high-risk groups of patients. Empirical treatment of febrile patients not responding to broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is only effective in wards with a higher incidence of systemic candidiasis, in patients with risk factors and if other causes are reliably excluded.
Detection Based on Relaxation in MIMO Systems (2011)

This chapter takes a closer look at a class of MIMO detention methods, collectively referred to as relaxation detectors. These detectors provide computationally advantageous alternatives to the optimal maximum likelihood detector. Previous analysis of relaxation detectors have mainly focused on the implementation aspects, while resorting to Monte Carlo simulations when it comes to investigating their performance in terms of error probability. The objective of this chapter is to illustrate how the performance of any detector in this class can be readily quantified thought its diversity gain when applied to an i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel, and to show that the diversity gain is often surprisingly simple to derive based on the geometrical properties of the detector. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Cover Image, Volume 528, Issue 14 (2020)

The cover image is based on the Original Article Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor Is Essential for Enteric Neuronal Development, Maintenance and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Transit by Alcmene Chalazonitis et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24901.