gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensor Fusion using Backward Shortcut Connections for Sleep Apnea Detection in Multi-Modal Data (2019)

Sleep apnea is a common respiratory disorder characterized by breathing pauses during the night. Consequences of untreated sleep apnea can be severe. Still, many people remain undiagnosed due to shortages of hospital beds and trained sleep technicians. To assist in the diagnosis process, automated detection methods are being developed. Recent works have demonstrated that deep learning models can extract useful information from raw respiratory data and that such models can be used as a robust sleep apnea detector. However, trained sleep technicians take into account multiple sensor signals when annotating sleep recordings instead of relying on a single respiratory estimate. To improve the predictive performance and reliability of the models, early and late sensor fusion methods are explored in this work. In addition, a novel late sensor fusion method is proposed which uses backward shortcut connections to improve the learning of the first stages of the models. The performance of these fusion methods is analyzed using CNN as well as LSTM deep learning base-models. The results demonstrate a significant and consistent improvement in predictive performance over the single sensor methods and over the other explored sensor fusion methods, by using the proposed sensor fusion method with backward shortcut connections.
Stem Cell-Based Soft Tissue Grafts for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeries (2005)

Adipose tissue is often a key structure to restore in reconstructive and augmentative surgeries. Current materials for soft tissue reconstruction or augmentation suffer from shortcomings such as suboptimal volume retention, donor site morbidity, and poor biocompatibility. A series of experiments are presented here to describe our stem cell–based approach to engineering human adipose tissue with predefined shape and dimensions. These findings indicate the real possibility that biologically viable adipose tissue can be engineered by taking a teaspoon full of tissue fluid containing the patient's adult stem cells, expanding them, differentiating them into adipogenic cells, and encapsulating them into appropriate biocompatible polymer materials. The end result is anticipated to be minimal donor site trauma related to needle size, immune compatibility because the patient's own stem cells are used, and long-term volume maintenance because stem cells are capable of replenishing adipogenic cells to retain the predefined shape and dimensions of the engineered soft tissue. Upcoming challenges include long-term volume maintenance, tissue maturation, angiogenesis, scaling up, and host tissue integration. Conceptually, stem cell–derived soft tissue grafts are realizable in plastic and reconstructive surgical procedures.
Unsupervised Deep Context Prediction for Background Foreground Separation (2018)

In many advanced video based applications background modeling is a pre-processing step to eliminate redundant data, for instance in tracking or video surveillance applications. Over the past years background subtraction is usually based on low level or hand-crafted features such as raw color components, gradients, or local binary patterns. The background subtraction algorithms performance suffer in the presence of various challenges such as dynamic backgrounds, photometric variations, camera jitters, and shadows. To handle these challenges for the purpose of accurate background modeling we propose a unified framework based on the algorithm of image inpainting. It is an unsupervised visual feature learning hybrid Generative Adversarial algorithm based on context prediction. We have also presented the solution of random region inpainting by the fusion of center region inpaiting and random region inpainting with the help of poisson blending technique. Furthermore we also evaluated foreground object detection with the fusion of our proposed method and morphological operations. The comparison of our proposed method with 12 state-of-the-art methods shows its stability in the application of background estimation and foreground detection.
Dynamic changes in the functions of Odd-skipped during early Drosophila embryogenesis (1998)

Although many of the genes that pattern the segmented body plan of the Drosophila embryo are known, there remains much to learn in terms of how these genes and their products interact with one another. Like many of these gene products, the protein encoded by the pair-rule gene odd-skipped (Odd) is a DNA-binding transcription factor. Genetic experiments have suggested several candidate target genes for Odd, all of which appear to be negatively regulated. Here we use pulses of ectopic Odd expression to test the response of these and other segmentation genes. The results are complex, indicating that Odd is capable of repressing some genes wherever and whenever Odd is expressed, while the ability to repress others is temporally or spatially restricted. Moreover, one target gene, fushi tarazu, is both repressed and activated by Odd, the outcome depending upon the stage of development. These results indicate that the activity of Odd is highly dependent upon the presence of cofactors and/or overriding inhibitors. Based on these results, and the segmental phenotypes generated by ectopic Odd, we suggest a number of new roles for Odd in the patterning of embryonic segments. These include gap-, pair-rule- and segment polarity-type functions.
A Voxel‐Based Approach for the Generation of Advanced Kinematics at the Microscale (2023)

In soft robotics, the ability to generate advanced kinematics is a necessary step toward any more sophisticated tasks such as microobject manipulation, locomotion, or configuration changes. To this end, herein, a modular voxel‐based methodology adaptable to any scale and with any soft transducer is presented. The methodology is implemented at the micrometer scale with a one‐step fabrication process. An innovative gray‐tone lithography method using the two‐photon polymerization of photosensitive poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel is developed to print the voxels. Bending, compression, and twisting voxels are designed, printed, and characterized. A voxel consists of an isotropically shrinking active material reinforced adequately with a passive pattern. Each elementary voxel deforms along one degree of freedom and is a building block for superstructures able of advanced kinematics. With a side length of 40 μm, the bending voxel achieves a bending angle of 25º or curvature of . The compression voxel reaches an actuation strain of 40%, and the twisting voxel bends up to 18º. Advanced kinematics are demonstrated by printing complex structures composed of multiple elementary voxels. Herein, a foundation toward soft microrobots capable of performing complex tasks is constituted.
Contribution of Active-Site Residues to the Function of Onconase, a Ribonuclease with Antitumoral Activity (2003)

Onconase (ONC), a homologue of ribonuclease A (RNase A), is in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. ONC possesses a conserved active-site catalytic triad, which is composed of His10, Lys31, and His97. The three-dimensional structure of ONC suggests that two additional residues, Lys9 and an N-terminal lactam formed from a glutamine residue (Pca1), could also contribute to catalysis. To determine the role of Pca1, Lys9, and Lys31 in the function of ONC, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace each with alanine. Values of k(cat)/K(M) for the variants were determined with a novel fluorogenic substrate, which was designed to match the nucleobase specificity of ONC and gives the highest known k(cat)/K(M) value for the enzyme. The K9A and K31A variants display 10(3)-fold lower k(cat)/K(M) values than the wild-type enzyme, and a K9A/K31A double variant suffers a >10(4)-fold decrease in catalytic activity. In addition, replacing Lys9 or Lys31 eliminates the antitumoral activity of ONC. The side chains of Pca1 and Lys9 form a hydrogen bond in crystalline ONC. Replacing Pca1 with an alanine residue lowers the catalytic activity of ONC by 20-fold. Yet, replacing Pca1 in the K9A variant enzyme does not further reduce catalytic activity, revealing that the function of the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue is to secure Lys9. The thermodynamic cycle derived from k(cat)/K(M) values indicates that the Pca1...Lys9 hydrogen bond contributes 2.0 kcal/mol to the stabilization of the rate-limiting transition state during catalysis. Finally, binding isotherms with a substrate analogue indicate that Lys9 and Lys31 contribute little to substrate binding and that the low intrinsic catalytic activity of ONC originates largely from the low affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. These findings could assist the further development of ONC as a cancer chemotherapeutic.
Mechanical distortions in advanced optical reticles (1999)

Finite element models have been developed and refined to simulate the mechanical distortions associated with mask blank fabrication, pattern transfer, and exposure clamping. By modeling the substrate with layers associated with the mask fabrication process and then by prestressing specified layers, the resulting out-of-plane and in-plane distortions of the mask blank have been determined. Etching procedures were subsequently simulated to assess the pattern transfer distortions associated with both dark and bright field masks. Investigations included substrate materials which have acceptable optical transmission for wavelengths below 180 nm. Additional mechanical distortions associated with clamping the reticle into the exposure mount have also been considered.
Synthesis and Medicinal Properties of 2-deoxyribose and ribose C-Nucleosides (2008)

C-nucleosides are important synthetic targets due to their potential as therapeutic agents and as biochemical probes. Nucleosides and nucleoside biochemistry lie at the heart of life and life propagation, and therefore nucleoside analogues have attracted much attention as anti-microbial and anti-cancer agents. In the recent past several groups reported their effort in the preparation of unnatural C-nucleosides based on deoxyribose and ribose. This review summarises the state of the art in the preparation of modified C-nucleosides and their medicinal properties. Keywords: C-nucleosides, Synthesis, 2-deoxyribose, anti-microbial, anti-cancer agents, medicinal properties
NRZ, DB, and DMT performance for short-reach VCSEL-based optical interconnects (2021)

In this paper, we perform a comparison of three modulation formats: NRZ, duo binary and DMT in combination with the state of the art 850 and 910nm VCSELs for their application in short reach high speed optical links. The system for NRZ and DB utilizes feasible for deployment equalization including a 9-tap finite impulse response filter and raised cosine filtering in the transmitter and a 7-tap UI-spaced feed forward equalizer in the receiver. The 100 Gbit/s net link with DB modulation can be realized without applying receiver equalization. For DMT the highest gross data rate of 224 Gbit/s/lambda is achieved.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Gut Microbiome Associates with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

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Interface properties of OFETs based on an air‐stable n‐channel perylene tetracarboxylic diimide semiconductor (2011)

Abstract In this study, several experimental techniques were employed to gain insights into the molecular interactions at the interfaces in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). A self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) was applied to the gate insulator to influence the interactions at the interface. Macroscopic electrical measurements, microscopic potentiometry, absorption/luminescence spectroscopy, and ellipsometry are combined to study top‐contact OFETs based on an air‐stable n‐channel perylene derivative. They show clearly the advantage and capability of local electrical investigations compared to DC electrical characterization. The DC electrical measurements provide an improvement of the electron mobilities within the channel and unchanged contact resistances (within the error bars). Only the potentiometry allowed a deeper insight: It reveals a small decrease of the source contact resistance and a drain bias dependence of the mobility, which decreases due to prior hydrophobization of the SiO 2 gate insulator. This is attributed to different charge carrier trap concentrations and injection barriers in the organic semiconductor near the dielectric interface caused by diffused water which is discussed in detail. The optical absorption/luminescence spectroscopy and ellipsometry indicate an unchanged ordered molecular arrangement with a molecular tilt angle of (33 ± 4)° with respect to the dielectric surface and rather weak intermolecular interaction for the devices with treated and untreated SiO 2 .
A tool to support speech and non-speech audio feedback generation in audio interfaces (1995)

interfaces requires the integration of text-to-speech synthesis, digitized audio, and non-speech audio output. This paper describes a tool for specifying speech and non-speech audio feedback and its use in the development of a speech interface, Conversational VoiceNotes. Auditory feedback is specified as a context-free grammar, where the basic elements in the grammar can be either words or non-speech sounds.
An efficient transformation method for genome editing of elite bread wheat cultivars (2023)

An efficient genetic transformation protocol is necessary to edit genes for trait improvement directly in elite bread wheat cultivars. We used a protein fusion between a wheat growth-regulating factor 4 (GRF4) and its interacting factor (GIF1) to develop a reproducible genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, which we then used to successfully transform elite bread wheat cultivars Baj, Kachu, Morocco, Reedling, RL6077, and Sujata in addition to the experimental cultivar Fielder. Immature embryos were transformed with the vector using particle bombardment method. Transformation frequency increased nearly 60-fold with the GRF4-GIF1-containing vectors as compared to the control vector and ranged from ~5% in the cultivar Kachu to 13% in the cultivar RL6077. We then edited two genes that confer resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew directly in the aforementioned elite cultivars. A wheat promoter, TaU3 or TaU6, to drive the expression of guide RNA was effective in gene editing whereas the OsU3 promoter failed to generate any edits. Editing efficiency was nearly perfect with the wheat promoters. Our protocol has made it possible to edit genes directly in elite wheat cultivars and would be useful for gene editing in other wheat varieties, which have been recalcitrant to transformation thus far.
Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Detection in the Resting-State Dynamics of the Hemoglobin Signal (2014)

Biomarkers that are promising for breast-cancer diagnosis are identified in resting-state dynamic measures of the vascular bed. The markers also encompass a large fraction of the breast volume, which shows little dependence on tumor size.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF HYDROGEN ATOM ABSTRACTION REACTIONS OF TRIPLET DIPHENYLCARBENE IN SOLUTION (1984)

Abstract Für die H‐Abspaltung aus Lösungsmitteln wie z.B. Cyclohexan, Toluol, Cyclohexen durch das Laser‐blitzphotolytisch aus Diphenyldiazomethan erzeugte Titelcarben ergeben sich Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von 4.8‐ 105‐4‐ I0"/s, Is0t0‐ pieeffekte von l.5‐6.5 und Aktivierungsenergien von 2.5‐3.2 kcal/mol.
Si-O-C Composite Anode for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries (2008)

Abstract not Available.
<title>Evaluation of an optical fiber probe for in vivo measurement of the photoacoustic response of tissues</title> (1995)

A miniature (1 mm diameter) all-optical photoacoustic probe for generating and detecting ultrasonic thermoelastic waves in biological media at the tip of an optical fiber has been developed. The probe provides a compact and convenient means of performing pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy for the characterization of biological tissue. The device is based upon a transparent Fabry Perot polymer film ultrasound sensor mounted directly over the end of a multimode optical fiber. The optical fiber is used to deliver nanosecond laser pulses to the tissue producing thermoelastic waves which are then detected by the sensor. Detection sensitivities of 53 mv/MPa and a 10 kPa acoustic noise floor have been demonstrated giving excellent signal to noise ratios in a strong liquid absorber. Lower, but clearly detectable, signals in post mortem human aorta have also been observed. The performance and small physical size of the device suggest that it has the potential to perform remote in situ photoacoustic measurements in tissue.
Early exploration for platform architecture instantiation with multi-mode application partitioning (2013)

We present a systematic methodology for exploring application partitioning and assignment together with platform architecture instantiation. Streaming applications with multiple runtime modes are considered. The platform architecture is based on a domain specific MPSoC architecture template. We show results using complete inner modem physical layer processing of wireless applications, WLAN and LTE. We show that the proposed methodology obtains up to 30% energy improvement in energy with negligible area overheads as compared to straight-forward mapping to one processor, while meeting performance constraints, for a multi-mode WLAN 11n system and single-mode LTE system.
Quantitative NMR Approach to Optimize the Formation of Chemical Building Blocks from Abundant Carbohydrates (2017)

The future role of biomass-derived chemicals relies on the formation of diverse functional monomers in high yields from carbohydrates. Recently, it has become clear that a series of α-hydroxy acids, esters, and lactones can be formed from carbohydrates in alcohol and water solvents using tin-containing catalysts such as Sn-Beta. These compounds are potential building blocks for polyesters bearing additional olefin and alcohol functionalities. An NMR approach was used to identify, quantify, and optimize the formation of these building blocks in the Sn-Beta-catalyzed transformation of abundant carbohydrates. Record yields of the target molecules can be achieved by obstructing competing reactions through solvent selection.
Engineering resist-substrate interface: a quantum chemistry study of self-assembled monolayers (2020)

In EUV lithography, radiation chemistry is largely different from DUV. Engineers have explored self-assembled monolayers (SAM) in the context of lithography and some of their properties could be utilized in EUV. We study SAMs and their interaction with substrates using quantum chemistry. Interface chemistry between resists and underlayers is playing an increasingly important role in EUV. it is conceivable that the resist molecules near the interface are susceptible to activation by electrons originated in the substrate. For their monolayer nature and spontaneous ordering, SAMs can be used for engineering interface properties in a predictable manner. Understanding the physical and chemical processes at the interface in the presence of SAMs would be vital for better modelling their effects on imaging. To address these questions, quantum chemistry is used to understand the properties of SAMs, such as their packing order. The surface electronic structure is also studied to elucidate the physical properties at the interface that could impact EUV dose.
Factor analysis based VTS and JUD noise estimation and compensation (2011)

Model based compensation schemes are a powerful approach for noise robust speech recognition. Recently there have been a number of investigations into adaptive training, and estimating the noise models used for model adaptation. This paper examines the use of EM-based schemes for both canonical models and noise estimation, including discriminative adaptive training. One issue that arises when estimating the noise model is a mismatch between the noise estimation approximation and final model compensation scheme. This paper proposes FA-style compensation where this mismatch is eliminated, though at the expense of a sensitivity to the initial noise estimates. EM-based discriminative adaptive training is evaluated on in-car and Aurora4 tasks. FA-style compensation is then evaluated in an incremental mode on the in-car task.
Free-form illumination optics (2016)

Abstract In many illumination problems, the beam pattern needed and/or some geometrical constraints lead to very asymmetric design conditions. These asymmetries have been solved in the past by means of arrangements of rotationally symmetric or linear lamps aimed in different directions whose patterns overlap to provide the asymmetric prescriptions or by splitting one single lamp into several sections, each one providing a part of the pattern. The development of new design methods yielding smooth continuous free-form optical surfaces to solve these challenging design problems, combined with the proper CAD modeling tools plus the development of multiple axes diamond turn machines, give birth to a new generation of optics. These are able to offer the performance and other advanced features, such as efficiency, compactness, or aesthetical advantages, and can be manufactured at low cost by injection molding. This paper presents two examples of devices with free-form optical surfaces, a camera flash, and a car headlamp.
Abstract 346: Potential role for R191, potent and selective IRAK4 kinase inhibitor, in treatment of hematologic malignancies (2016)

Abstract Recent advances in genome sequencing and tumor proteome and transcriptome analysis uncovered a key role for MyD88-dependent Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) and Interleukin-1 Receptor (IL-1R)-mediated signaling pathways in multiple hematologic malignancies. A third of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL) and nearly 100% of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WD) patients carry an activating Myd88 L265P mutation. Overexpression of multiple TLR pathway components, associated with deregulation of innate immune system and subsequent induction of proinflammatory bone marrow environment, are prominent features of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). IRAK4 kinase is a crucial enzyme in all MyD88-dependent signaling pathways, potentially making it an ideal target for disease modification with small molecule inhibitors. Through cell-based screening, we identified a potent small molecule IRAK1/4 kinase inhibitor, R191. R191 blocks TLR- and IL-1R-induced cytokine production in primary cells with potencies below 50nM while sparing unrelated pathways with at least 20-fold window. R191 is extremely potent in vitro against IRAK4 kinase (3 nM), yet exhibits good selectivity against a broad panel of kinases. In vivo, it decreases serum IL-6 in an acute mouse model of IL-1β-induced cytokine release and blocks joint inflammation in the collagen-induce arthritis model. R191 exhibited strong synergy with Bcl2 and BCR pathway inhibitors against a number of DLBCL lines in vitro. In multiple AML lines, R191 potently inhibited expression of PD-L1, potentially promoting recognition of AML blasts by the immune system. Based on the potential critical role of IRAK kinases in MDS, AML and Myd88 L265P lymphomas, R191 could provide a novel therapeutic modality in the management of multiple inflammation-driven hematologic malignancies. Citation Format: Vadim V. Markovtsov, Chrystelle Lamagna, Meagan Chan, Sothy Yi, Chi Young, Roy Frances, Stacey Siu, Sylvia Braselmann, Hui Li, Rajinder Singh, Gary Park, Esteban Masuda, Vanessa Taylor, Donald G. Payan. Potential role for R191, potent and selective IRAK4 kinase inhibitor, in treatment of hematologic malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 346.