gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3PC-001 Magistral formulation of 10% sucralfate enemas in proctitis (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Actinic proctitis is the rectal mucosa’s inflammation after treatment with radiotherapy of different pelvic region’s tumours. The most frequent clinic includes tenesmus, defective urgency and rectal bleeding. Several studies have suggested that sucralfate enemas may improve proctitis’s symptoms by inducing a macroscopic improvement of the injured area. <h3>Purpose</h3> To evaluate the effectiveness of sucralfate enemas in proctitis. <h3>Material and methods</h3> An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was performed in patients who received enemas (October 2014 to April 2016) prepared by the pharmacy service. Variables collected: age, sex, diagnosis of prostatitis, type of cancer, symptoms, duration and dosage of sucralfate treatments in enemas and rate of bleeding episodes. <h3>Results</h3> Ten patients, diagnosed with proctitis as a side effect of radiotherapy, required the preparation of enemas (70% male; median age 80 (68–82) years). Six of them had prostate adenocarcinoma, three had rectal neoplasia and one endometrial neoplasia. The symptoms presented by proctitis were mainly rectal bleeding, iron deficiency anaemia, tenesmus and diarrhoea. The dosage was one or two enemas per day depending on the severity of the symptoms. The duration of treatment was variable: three patients used enemas only during rectal bleeding episodes (15–30 days), two patients used them for periods between 1 to 3 months, two patients for 4 to 6 months and one patient used them continuously. Two patients currently continue on active treatment. An improvement in symptoms was observed in 100% of patients with a reduction in rectal bleeding episodes. The recurrences occurred more frequently in the group of patients who used the enemas intermittently, needing to restart the treatment in a period of less than 6 months. One of the patients whose treatment duration was 6 months, had to restart after 1 year after the end of treatment. A high degree of satisfaction was observed by both the patients and the professionals who prescribed the treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The magistral preparation of sucralfate enemas in 10% suspension significantly improves bleeding episodes in these patients, allowing significant symptomatic relief. <h3>Reference and/or acknowledgements</h3> McElvanna K. Sucralfate paste enema: a new method of topical treatment for haemorrhagic radiation proctitis. <i>Colorectal Dis</i> 2014;16:281–4. No conflict of interest.
Development of Defenses against False Data Injection Attacks for Nuclear Power Plants (2018)

With the recent successful attempts against the digital control systems of critical infrastructures, there is a need to develop new defense strategies that recognize two important realities, 1) state- sponsored attackers can rely on a number of techniques including espionage, social engineering, and brute force techniques, etc. to gain access to the raw data used to control system behavior, 2) attackers can falsify operational data in manners that do not trigger conventional outlier/anomaly detection techniques in order to go undetected, which is referred to as false data injection attacks. Therefore, there is a strong need to explore another class of defense measures, referred to as physical process defense, serving as a new line of defense in the event existing defenses relying on information protection measures are breached. This physical process defenses utilize the physics and engineering models of the system to build unique signatures for genuine system behavior. If successful, the signatures would be able to detect attacks that falsify the operational data and render them harmless before they can inflict physical damage on the system. This report is focused on exploring the feasibility of physical process defenses for nuclear reactors, and their associated functional requirements to maximize their resiliency against state-sponsored, or equivalent, attackers.
Ajoene, a garlic compound, inhibits protein prenylation and arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation (2003)

(1) Ajoene is a garlic compound with anti-platelet properties and, in addition, was shown to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis by affecting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and late enzymatic steps of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. (2) MVA constitutes the precursor not only of cholesterol, but also of a number of non-sterol isoprenoids, such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl groups. Covalent attachment of these MVA-derived isoprenoid groups (prenylation) is a required function of several proteins that regulate cell proliferation. We investigated the effect of ajoene on rat aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation as related to protein prenylation. (3) Cell counting, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle analysis showed that ajoene (1-50 micro M) interfered with the progression of the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and inhibited rat SMC proliferation. (4) Similar to the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin, ajoene inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis. However, in contrast to simvastatin, the antiproliferative effect of ajoene was not prevented by the addition of MVA, farnesol (FOH), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH). Labelling of smooth muscle cell cellular proteins with [3H]-FOH and [3H]-GGOH was significantly inhibited by ajoene. (5) In vitro assays for protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) and protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (PGGTase-I) confirmed that ajoene inhibits protein prenylation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry analyses also demonstrated that ajoene causes a covalent modification of the cysteine SH group of a peptide substrate for protein PGGTase-I. (6) Altogether, our results provide evidence that ajoene interferes with the protein prenylation reaction, an effect that may contribute to its inhibition of SMC proliferation.
Transcription of a bacteriophage lambda DNA site blocks growth of Escherichia coli (1990)

The rap mutation in Escherichia coli prevents the growth of bacteriophage lambda. Phage mutations that overcome rap inhibition (bar) have been mapped to loci in the pL operon. We cloned and sequenced three mutations in two of these loci: barIa to the left arm of the lambda attachment site (attP) and barII in the ssb (ea10) gene. The mutations represent single base-pair changes within nearly identical 16-base-pair DNA segments. Each mutation disrupts a sequence of dyad symmetry within the segment. Plasmids carrying a bar+ sequence downstream to an active promoter are lethal to rap, but not rap+, bacteria. The bar sequences isolated from the lambda bar mutants are not lethal. We synthesized a minimal lambda barIa+ sequence, 5'-TATATTGATATTTATATCATT, and cloned it downstream to an inducible promoter. When transcribed, this sequence is sufficient to kill a rap strain.
Back to the Future of Work: Informing corporate renewal (2012)

This paper describes the results of a multi‐year ethnographic study of how knowledge workers integrate new technology into their work practices. We studied mobile and remote workers who use smartphones, tablets, cloud computing, and social networking to support their work. Study findings describe the characteristics of mobile work, the coordination of multiple devices and sources of information, how new technology functioned as a social resource and issues that arose when participants used personal mobile devices to support work. We will also discuss how we are working with corporate teams to renew our research projects, and the solutions and services the company offers to support the changing nature of work.
Enhanced Fiber Quality of Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Thermomechanical Pulp Fiber Through Selective Enzyme Application (2010)

Two different enzyme applications were applied to black spruce thermomechanical pulping (TMP) in an attempt to selectively enhance the physical properties of the resulting pulp. Past studies have revealed some application difficulties between pulp and enzymes. A new method of enzyme application including fiberizing the wood chips and cooling the fiberized material prior to enzyme application was employed to maximize the fiber surface area available for enzyme reaction and to obtain optimal enzyme reaction temperatures. Fiberized chips are chips that have been destructured in a converging screw chip press followed by low energy refining to produce extremely coarse fiber pulp. TMP pulps obtained from a control sample of whole wood chips, fiberized wood treated with water, and fiberized wood with two different enzyme applications were evaluated for specific refining energy and various physical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with image analysis techniques was used to determine fiber wall thickness, degree of fiber fibrillation, and percent surface disruption for selected trial pulps. One monocomponent pectinase enzyme evaluated in this work was found to significantly improve various physical properties and increase the specific surface area of the resulting pulp. The multicomponent more aggressive pectinase enzyme evaluated was determined to be less effective at enhancing physical properties than the less aggressive monocomponent enzyme. The new fiberizing application method employed prior to enzyme application was found to reduce the specific refining energy requirements by 7%. When evaluated at a constant freeness, the enzyme treatment in conjunction with the new application method was found to reduce specific refining energy by about 9%. The enzyme application had only minimal impact on energy requirements. The enzyme application did significantly enhance the tensile and tear index of the resulting pulp. Dramatic increases in the amount of fibrillation and fiber surface disruption were also found to result from specific enzyme action upon the fiber. The resulting fiber wall thickness was reduced as a result of the enzyme action as well. Results from this work reveal that selective enzyme application is an effective method for enhancing specific physical properties of TMP pulps.
Synthetic peptide and template‐assembled synthetic protein models of the hen egg white lysozyme 87–97 helix: Importance of a protein‐like framework for conformational stability in a short peptide sequence (1993)

In the native structure of hen egg white lysozyme (HEL), the amino acid sequence 87-97 (HEL 87-97) forms an amphiphilic helix, with hydrophilic residues in the sequence directed toward the solvent. A synthetic version of the HEL 87-97 sequence (with the cysteine corresponding to position 94 of HEL replaced by alanine) displays conformational features in solution typical of an unordered structure as judged by CD. However, various modifications in the sequence result in increased helix-forming potential of the HEL 87-97 analogues. Further stabilization of the helical conformation in the most helical analogue of the HEL 87-97 sequence is obtained when 4 copies of this peptide sequence are coupled on a peptide carrier molecule following the template-assembled synthetic protein (TASP) approach [M. Mutter and S. Vuilleumier (1989) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., Vol. 28, pp. 535-554 "A Chemical Approach to Protein Design-Template-Assembled Synthetic Proteins (TASP)." This suggests that long-range interactions of the peptide with its environment contribute to conformational stability in short peptide sequences. TASP molecules may prove useful for the study of the factors that determine secondary structure formation in short peptides by providing a protein-like framework.
Reversible operation of chiral molecular scissors by redox and UV light (2007)

Upon changing the oxidation state, a reversible open-close motion of chiral molecular scissors, composed of a redox-active ferrocene pivot and an isomerizable azobenzene strap, can be realized only by UV light.
Meta-analysis of mid-p-values: some new results based on the convex order (2015)

The mid-p-value is a proposed improvement on the ordinary p-value for the case where the test statistic is partially or completely discrete. In this case, the ordinary p-value is conservative, meaning that its null distribution is larger than a uniform distribution on the unit interval, in the usual stochastic order. The mid-p-value is not conservative. However, its null distribution is dominated by the uniform distribution in a different stochastic order, called the convex order. The property leads us to discover some new finite-sample and asymptotic bounds on functions of mid-p-values, which can be used to combine results from different hypothesis tests conservatively, yet more powerfully, using mid-p-values rather than p-values. Our methodology is demonstrated on real data from a cyber-security application.
Fluidic-Based Ion Memristors and Ionic Latches (2015)

The formation of a nanoscale anodic silicon oxide layer on silicon electrodes in an aqueous environment leads to fluidic-based ionic memristive devices and ionic latches for large integrated fluidic ion logic circuitry, which can enable massively multiplexed smart biosensor arrays and complex active chemical circuits.
A New Field-assisted Access Scheme of STT-RAM with Self-reference Capability (2014)

Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) has demonstrated great potentials in embedded and stand-alone applications. However, process variations and thermal fluctuations greatly influence the operation reliability of STT-RAM and limit its scalability. In this work, we propose a new field-assisted access scheme to improve the read/write reliability and performance of STT-RAM. During read operations, an external magnetic field is applied to a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) device, generating a resistive sense signal without referring to other devices. Such a self-reference scheme offers a very promising alternative approach to overcome the severe cell-to-cell variations at highly scaled technology node. Furthermore, the external magnetic field can be also used to assist the MTJ switching during write operations without introducing extra hardware overhead. Simulation results show that compared to the existing self-reference scheme, our proposed design can improve the read sense margin by more than 200% and reduce the write error rate down to 2.29×10--9.
Opioids, Endogenous (2000)

Abstract Endogenous opioid peptides represent a significant class of peptide neurotransmitters in brain and peripheral tissues. They share the common property of high affinity binding to one or more of three principal types of opioid receptor, µ, δ, and κ. The endogenous opioid peptides include three classes: the enkephalins, β‐endorphin, and dynorphin. These peptides share the pentapeptide sequence of either Met‐ or Leu‐enkephalin. The peptides in each class are synthesized from high molecular weight precursors; trypsin‐like cleavage between pairs of basic amino acid residues yields intermediate and final peptide products. Each class of peptides possesses a unique regional distribution in the brain, and mediates a variety of functions, including analgesia, respiration, thermoregulation, neuroendocrine regulation, and modulation of immune cell function. Although synthesis of numerous synthetic analogues of opioid peptides have not produced analgesic drugs of practical importance, they have produced analogues with extraordinary specificity and stability which provide valuable information about the structure of opioid binding sites.
A Low Computation Adaptive Blind Mismatch Correction for Time-Interleaved ADCs (2006)

We introduce a computationally very efficient technique for adaptive blind correction of M-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADC). Under wide-sense stationary (WSS) and bandlimited input assumption, gain and timing errors are estimated in the digital domain by detecting shift-dependence of TIADC output autocorrelation. Input signal integrity is preserved since there is no analog input pre-processing. Gain mismatch is digitally corrected, but sampling time mismatches are compensated in the analog domain by adjusting individual clock timing offsets. This mixed-domain technique takes advantage of each domain to dramatically reduce computational requirement on the digital side. As a by-product, convergence is guaranteed under mild conditions with arbitrary number of channels. Experimental demonstration is performed by a proof-of-concept, M=4 400-MSPS real-time setup. After 300 iterations, mismatch spurs are suppressed by more than 40-dB, down to <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">~</sub> 80dB below the signal at <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">~</sub> 171 MHz. This is the first proposal and demonstration of low-computation blind technique with guaranteed convergence.
Gene Therapy of Intracranial Glioma Using Interleukin 12–Secreting Human Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2011)

Clinical trials of gene therapy using a viral delivery system for glioma have been limited. Recently, gene therapy using stem cells as the vehicles for delivery of therapeutic agents has emerged as a new treatment strategy for malignant brain tumors. In this study, we used human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) as delivery vehicles with glioma-targeting capabilities, and modified interleukin-12 (IL-12p40N220Q; IL-12M) as a novel therapeutic gene. We also engineered UCB-MSCs to secret IL-12M (UCB-MSC-IL12M) via tetrameric cell-permeable peptide (4HP4)-mediated adenoviral transduction. We confirmed the migratory capacity of UCB-MSC-IL12M toward GL26 mouse glioma cells by an in vitro migration assay and in vivo injection of UCB-MSC-IL12M into the ipsilateral hemisphere of implanted gliomas in C57BL/6 mice. In vivo efficacy experiments showed that intratumoral injection of UCB-MSC-IL12M significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of glioma-bearing mice compared with control mice. Antitumor effects were associated with increased local IL-12M levels, followed by interferon-γ secretion and T-cell infiltration in intracranial gliomas, as well as antiangiogenesis. Interestingly, tumor-free mice after UCB-MSC-IL12M treatment were resistant to ipsilateral and contralateral tumor rechallenge, which was closely associated with tumor-specific long-term T-cell immunity. Thus, our results provide the rationale for designing novel experimental protocols to induce long-term antitumor immunity against intracranial gliomas using UCB-MSCs as an effective delivery vehicle for therapeutic cytokines including IL-12M.
Structural properties of polyphilic mesogens. Toward longitudinal ferroelectricity (1991)

Abstract The segregation between unlike chemical species can be used to induce a polar symmetry. We synthesised a polyphilic molecule for this purpose. A steric model of its SC phase is proposed.
Non-maximally decimated filter bank-based single-carrier receiver: a pathway to next-generation wideband communication (2014)

We present the design of a wideband digital modem based on non-maximally decimated filter bank (NMDFB) with perfect reconstruction (PR) property. The PR-NMDFB contains an analysis filter bank (AFB) and a synthesis filter bank (SFB) whose efficient polyphase forms are named as polyphase analysis channelizer (PAC) and polyphase synthesis channelizer (PSC). The waveform being processed is the legacy square root Nyquist-shaped quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). In contrast to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the shaped QAM transmission has much superior performance properties in throughput, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and synchronization. We will show the PR-NMDFB is capable of efficiently performing several key tasks of a digital receiver with dramatic workload reduction. This includes digital filtering, carrier recovery, and symbol timing recovery. Moreover, the nature of NMDFB allows the signal processing to operate a significantly reduced sample rate, which is a desired characteristic for replacing current FIR implementation in wideband systems.
Digital Versatile Disc Read-Only Disc, Rewritable Disc and Compact Disc Compatible Optical Pickup with a Two-Wavelength Laser Diode Unit (2002)

We have developed an optical pickup with a two-wavelength laser diode unit which can read all the compact disc (CD) and digital versatile disc (DVD) family, including DVD rewritable discs (DVD-RAMs). To enable DVD-RAMs to be read, it is necessary to increase the light power efficiency of the optical system and to reduce the so-called track-crossing noise. This paper discusses several approaches to designing an optical system using a monolithic two-wavelength laser diode, and describes our experimental results and compatible reading of DVD read-only discs (DVD-ROMs), DVD-RAMs, and CDs using an optical pickup with a two-wavelength laser diode unit.
Wall pressure fluctuations and flow-induced noise in a turbulent boundary layer over a bump (2006)

Direct numerical simulations of a turbulent boundary layer over a bump were performed to examine the effects of surface longitudinal curvature on wall pressure fluctuations ( $p_{w}$ ) and flow-induced noise. Turbulence statistics and frequency spectra were obtained to elucidate the response of wall pressure fluctuations to the longitudinal curvature and to the corresponding pressure gradient. Wall pressure fluctuations were significantly enhanced near the trailing edge of the bump, where the boundary layer was subjected to a strong adverse pressure gradient. Large-scale structures in the distribution of wall pressure fluctuations were observed to grow rapidly near the trailing edge of the bump and convect downstream. Acoustic sources of the Lighthill equations were investigated in detail at various longitudinal surface curvatures. The acoustic sources ( $S$ ) were highest near the trailing edge of the bump, where the root mean square wall pressure fluctuations were greatest. The maximum correlation coefficient between $p_{w}$ and $S$ was located just above the location of maximum wall pressure fluctuations. Far-field acoustic density fluctuations were computed using the Lighthill acoustic analogy. We found that the surface dipole is dominant in the total acoustic field. The contribution of the volume quadrupoles to the total acoustic field gradually increases with increasing radius of the surface curvature ( $\delta/\!R$ ).