gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Group Presentations and the Word Problem (2012)

A <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis t comma n right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(t,n)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -threshold secret sharing scheme is a method to distribute a secret among <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> participants in such a way that any <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> participants can recover the secret, but no <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t minus 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t-1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> participants can. In this paper, we propose two secret sharing schemes using non-abelian groups. One scheme is the special case where all the participants must get together to recover the secret. The other one is a <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis t comma n right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(t,n)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -threshold scheme that is a combination of Shamir’s scheme and the group-theoretic scheme proposed in this paper.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of the Severity of Mitral Regurgitation (1995)

In the patient with mitral regurgitation, MRI compares favorably with cardiac catheterization for assessment of the magnitude of regurgitation and its influence on left ventricular volumes and systolic function.
Optimization of a DNA Vaccine Against SARS (2007)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) first appeared in Southern China in November 2002, and then quickly spread to 33 countries on five continents along international air travel routes. Although the SARS epidemic has been contained, there is a clear need for a safe and effective vaccine should an outbreak of a SARS-CoV infection reappear in human population. In this study, we tested four DNA-vaccine constructs: (1) pLL70, containing cDNA for the SARS-CoV spike (S) gene; (2) pcDNA-SS, containing codon-optimized S gene for SARS-CoV S protein (residues 12-1255) fused with a leader sequence derived from the human CD5 gene; (3) pcDNA-St, containing the gene encoding the N-portion of the codon-optimized S gene (residues 12-532) with the CD5 leader sequence; (4) pcDNA-St-VP22C, containing the gene encoding the N-portion of the codon-optimized S protein with the CD5 leader sequence fused with the C-terminal 138 amino acids of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) major tegument protein VP22. Each of these plasmids was intradermally administered to C57BL/6 mice in three separate immunizations. Analysis of humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice demonstrated that pcDNA-SS and pcDNA-St-VP22C are the most immunogenic SARS vaccine candidates.
Alkali semi-metal films and method and apparatus for fabricating them (2023)

Methods and systems for fabricating a film, such as, for example, a photocathode, having a tailored band structure and thin-film components that can be tailored for specific applications, such as, for example photocathode having a high quantum efficiency, and simple components fabricated by those methods.
Metal contamination control and reduction in plasma etching (2016)

For the IC chip production, the control and reduction of the tracing metal contamination (MC) [1] is always the vital for the quality control in the plasma dry etching process. The present work investigated the impacts of the plasma chemistry and process conditions on the creation, control and reduction of the tracing MC in plasma etching. It was found that the MC can be induced from the chamber materials, from the stocked materials on the wafer, and from the plasma chemistry (or etching process). Especially, the MC level is often limited below E10 atom/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in some key plasma processes and thus the in-situ reduction of MC either inside the brand new etching chamber or during the plasma etching process is required. In this study, the actual MC in one brand new plasma chamber is correctly diagnosed and then the MC level is reduced and controlled through the developed plasma etching procedure. The developed procedure BKM has been successfully applied to support the qualification on the established etching tools on the Fab.
The protein-protein complex between pp60v-src and hsp90 is stabilized by molybdate, vanadate, tungstate, and an endogenous cytosolic metal. (1992)

In a recent study demonstrating the cell-free reconstitution of the pp60v-src-hsp90 complex, we found that the tyrosine kinase-hsp90 complex is stabilized by molybdate (Hutchison, K. A., Brott, B. K., De Leon, J. H., Perdew, G. H., Jove, R., and Pratt, W. B. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2902-2908). In this paper, we examine in detail the stabilization of this protein-protein interaction by transition metal oxyanions. The pp60v-src-hsp90 complex is stabilized by sodium molybdate with the same concentration dependence as the glucocorticoid receptor-hsp90 complex. As with the steroid receptor heterocomplexes, vanadate and tungstate also stabilize the pp60v-src-hsp90 interaction. Passage of cytosol through a Chelex-100 metal-chelating resin destabilizes the native pp60v-src-hsp90 complex, suggesting that the complex is normally stabilized by an endogenous metal factor. Readdition of either the heat-stable components of cytosol or a partially purified endogenous metal factor stabilizes the metal-depleted complex. Molybdate also stabilizes the presence of p50, a known hsp90-associated protein, in the pp60v-src heterocomplex. Given the identical effects of transition metal oxyanions on both pp60v-src- and steroid receptor-hsp90 complexes and the lack of any sequence homology between pp60v-src and the receptors, it seems very likely that it is the common component, hsp90, that contains the site of the metal interaction.
Synthesis of β-Substituted Cyclic Enones via Phosphonium Salt-Activated, Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Cyclic 1,3-Diones (2016)

Phosphonium salt-activated, Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of cyclic 1,3-diones in the synthesis of β-substituted cyclic enones are described. These transformations exhibit good isolated yield and high generality with respect to both substrates and coupling partners. Extension of the substrate scope to cyclic 1,3-dione equivalents, such as 2-cyanocyclohexanone (4), is also briefly examined.
Exploring capacity limits of fibre-optic mommunication systems (2008)

The problem of evaluating the maximum possible rate of information transmission in fibre-optic communication systems is discussed. A spectral efficiency of ∼7 bits/s/Hz over 1000 km in one polarization is shown to be theoretically achievable.
Performance Study of the MVDR Beamformer as a Function of the Source Incidence Angle (2013)

Linear microphone arrays combined with the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer have been widely studied in various applications to acquire desired signals and reduce the unwanted noise. Most of the existing array systems assume that the desired sources are in the broadside direction. In this paper, we study and analyze the performance of the MVDR beamformer as a function of the source incidence angle. Using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and beampattern as the criteria, we investigate its performance in four different scenarios: spatially white noise, diffuse noise, diffuse-plus-white noise, and point-source-plus-white noise. The results demonstrate that the optimal performance of the MVDR beamformer occurs when the source is in the endfire directions for diffuse noise and point-source noise while its SNR gain does not depend on the signal incidence angle in spatially white noise. This indicates that most current systems may not fully exploit the potential of the MVDR beamformer. This analysis does not only help us better understand this algorithm, but also helps us design better array systems for practical applications.
Design and Optimization of Aerial-Aided Multi-Access Edge Computing towards 6G (2022)

Ubiquity in network coverage is one of the main features of 5G and is expected to be extended to the computing domain in 6G. In order to provide this holistic approach of ubiquity in communication and computation, an integration of satellite, aerial and terrestrial networks is foreseen. In particular, the rising amount of applications such as In-Flight Entertainment and Connectivity Services (IFECS) and SDN-enabled satellites renders network management more challenging. Moreover, due to the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements edge computing gains in importance for these applications. Here, network performance can be boosted by considering components of the aerial network, like aircrafts, as potential Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) nodes. Thus, we propose an Aerial-Aided Multi-Access Edge Computing (AA-MEC) architecture that provides a framework for optimal management of computing resources and internet-based services in the sky. Furthermore, we formulate optimization problems to minimize the network latency for the two use cases of providing IFECS to other aircrafts in the sky and providing services for offloading AI/ML-tasks from satellites. Due to the dynamic nature of the satellite and aerial networks, we propose a re-configurable optimization. For the transforming network we continuously identify the optimal MEC node for each application and the optimal path to the destination MEC node. In summary, our results demonstrate that using AA-MEC improves network latency performance by 10.43% compared to the traditional approach of using only terrestrial MEC nodes for latency-critical applications such as online gaming. Furthermore, while comparing our proposed dynamic approach with a static one, we record a benefit of at least 6.7% decrease in flow latency for IFECS and 56.03% decrease for computation offloading.
Immunological evaluation of novelMycobacterium tuberculosisculture filtrate proteins (1999)

Culture filtrate from Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains molecules which can promote protective immunity to tuberculosis in animal models. Six novel proteins in the region of 17-29 kDa were purified and investigated for their immunological relevance in M. tuberculosis-infected mice, guinea pigs and tuberculosis patients. The proteins CFP17, CFP21, CFP25 and CFP29 were all identified as strong interferon-gamma inducers in M. tuberculosis-infected mice and in tuberculosis patients. The CFP21 protein is encoded in the genomic region RD-2 which is deleted from a number of BCG strains and the diagnostic potential of this antigen was evaluated.
Perineurioma of the sciatic nerve with reticular, microcystic, and pseudolipoblastic features: illustrative case (2023)

On imaging, this lesion had a benign appearance, with areas suggestive of subacute hemorrhage, and was associated with a nerve. Although the distinctive morphological features of this lesion may suggest liposarcoma, careful morphological evaluation and appropriate immunohistochemical studies allow its correct classification.
Figure S5(A,B) from Dual Targeting of EGFR and IGF1R in the TNFAIP8 Knockdown Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppression of pIGF1R&lt;/p&gt;
Structure–Activity Relationships for Amide-, Carbamate-, And Urea-Linked Analogues of the Tuberculosis Drug (6S)-2-Nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (PA-824) (2011)

Analogues of clinical tuberculosis drug (6S)-2-nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (PA-824), in which the OCH(2) linkage was replaced with amide, carbamate, and urea functionality, were investigated as an alternative approach to address oxidative metabolism, reduce lipophilicity, and improve aqueous solubility. Several soluble monoaryl examples displayed moderately improved (∼2- to 4-fold) potencies against replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis but were generally inferior inhibitors under anaerobic (nonreplicating) conditions. More lipophilic biaryl derivatives mostly displayed similar or reduced potencies to these in contrast to the parent biaryl series. The leading biaryl carbamate demonstrated exceptional metabolic stability and a 5-fold better efficacy than the parent drug in a mouse model of acute M. tuberculosis infection but was poorly soluble. Bioisosteric replacement of this biaryl moiety by arylpiperazine resulted in a soluble, orally bioavailable carbamate analogue providing identical activity in the acute model, comparable efficacy to OPC-67683 in a chronic infection model, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles across several species, and enhanced safety.
TREC Deep Learning Track: Reusable Test Collections in the Large Data Regime (2021)

The TREC Deep Learning (DL) Track studies ad hoc search in the large data regime, meaning that a large set of human-labeled training data is available. Results so far indicate that the best models with large data may be deep neural networks. This paper supports the reuse of the TREC DL test collections in three ways. First we describe the data sets in detail, documenting clearly and in one place some details that are otherwise scattered in track guidelines, overview papers and in our associated MS MARCO leaderboard pages. We intend this description to make it easy for newcomers to use the TREC DL data. Second, because there is some risk of iteration and selection bias when reusing a data set, we describe the best practices for writing a paper using TREC DL data, without overfitting. We provide some illustrative analysis. Finally we address a number of issues around the TREC DL data, including an analysis of reusability.
An Extensive Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak of Probable Waterborne Origin (1979)

A massive outbreak of salmonella gastroenteritis triggered an exploration of probable sources and modes of transmission and the institution of preventive measures to avert future outbreaks.
Evidence for in Situ Catalyst Modification during the Pd-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Aryl Fluorides (2011)

A mechanistic investigation of the Pd-catalyzed conversion of aryl triflates to fluorides is presented. Studies reveal that C–F reductive elimination from a LPd&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;(aryl)F complex (L = &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-BuBrettPhos or RockPhos) does not occur when the aryl group is electron rich. Evidence is presented that a modified phosphine, generated in situ, serves as the actual supporting ligand during catalysis with such substrates. A preliminary study of the reactivity of a LPd&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;(aryl)F complex based on this modified ligand is reported.
Fiber Optic Cure Sensor For Thermoset Composites (1989)

We present recent experimental verification of a new in-situ fiber optic sensors for detecting the curing of thermoset composites. This device is sensitive to the difference between the refractive index of the curing polymer matrix within the composite and that of a fully-cured reference fiber made of the same thermoset material. The method is indifferent to temperature variations imposed during the cure process. The process of polymerization usually results in an increase in the refractive index of a thermoset resin. Increases on the order of one percent are common. In our method, a fiber optic core, comprising the fully-cured neat resin, is placed within, and in direct contact with, the same curing thermoset composite matrix, which functions as a cladding. When the matrix is not fully cured, its lower index of refraction permits waveguiding in the fully-cured core. As the composite is subjected to curing conditions, the matrix cures and the index of refraction difference diminishes. At final cure, the waveguiding characteristics of the fiber optic cure sensor are lost, resulting in a vanishingly small transmitted intensity, at any cure temperature, and without calibration. Our sensor does not suffer from the limitations exhibited by other methods, in large part because it is self-referencing, and relies on a differential rather than an absolute measurement. Our technique is sensitive to the extent of cure even at the latest stage and could be used within the body of large composite structures undergoing a curing process in an autoclave. It is further expected that because of its small size, the sensor may be left in the final product without detrimental effect to the eventual application.
Mechanical Response of Thermally Annealed Nafion Thin Films (2016)

Perfluorinated ionomers, in particular, Nafion, are a critical component in hydrogen fuel cells as the ion conducting binder within the catalyst layer in which it can be confined to thicknesses on the order of 10 nm or less. It is well reported that many physical properties, such as the Young's modulus, are thickness dependent when the film thickness is less than 100 nm. Here we utilize a cantilever bending methodology to quantify the swelling-induced stresses and relevant mechanical properties of Nafion films as a function of film thickness exposed to cyclic humidity. We observe a factor of 5 increase in the Young's modulus in films thinner than 50 nm and show how this increased stiffness translates to reduced swelling or hydration. The swelling stress was found to increase by a factor of 2 for films approximately 40 nm thick. We demonstrate that thermal annealing enhances the modulus at all film thicknesses and correlate these mechanical changes to chemical changes in the infrared absorption spectra.
High Resolution Image-stabilizing System by Using Full-digital Processing. (2002)

A high-resolution image-stabilizing system by using only digital processing was developed for camcorders. In this system, a CCD image sensor that has more pixels than a conventional CCD image sensor was adopted to get a large margin for image stabilization and to abolish electronic zooming processing that spoiled picture resolution in a conventional system. The image-stabilizing procedure was divided to two parts : compensation for low frequency image fluctuation and that for remained image fluctuation. The compensation for low frequency image fluctuation was achieved by a readout control of the CCD image sensor according to a motion prediction. On the other hand the compensation for remained image fluctuation was achieved by a readout control of an image memory according to a detected motion vector from images read out from the CCD image sensor. As a result, high image-stabilizing equal to that of a conventional system and maintenance of picture resolution were achieved.
Differential Expression Regulation of the α and β Subunits of the PA28 Proteasome Activator in Mature Dendritic Cells (2005)

Activation of dendritic cells (DC) by Th-dependent (CD40) or -independent (LPS, CpG, or immune complexes) agonistic stimuli strongly enhances the expression of the proteasome activator PA28alphabeta complex. Upon activation of DC, increased MHC class I presentation occurred of the melanocyte-associated epitope tyrosinase-related protein 2(180-188) in a PA28alphabeta-dependent manner. In contrast to other cell types, regulation of PA28alphabeta expression in DC after maturation was found to be IFN-gamma independent. In the present study, we show that expression of PA28alpha and beta subunits was differentially regulated. Firstly, PA28alpha expression is high in both immature and mature DC. In contrast, PA28beta expression is low in immature DC and strongly increased in mature DC. Secondly, we show the presence of a functional NF-kappaB site in the PA28beta promoter, which is absent in the PA28alpha promoter, indicating regulation of PA28beta expression by transcription factors of the NF-kappaB family. In addition, glycerol gradient analysis of DC lysates revealed elevated PA28alphabeta complex formation upon maturation. Thus, induction of PA28beta expression allows proper PA28alphabeta complex formation, thereby enhancing proteasome activity in activated DC. Therefore, maturation of DC not only improves costimulation but also MHC class I processing. This mechanism enhances the CD8(+) CTL (cross)-priming capacity of mature DC.
Time Delay Neural Network for Small Time Series Data Sets (1994)

For large data sets neural networks have better time series prediction performance than conventional methods [6]. However, when neural networks are trained with meager data, the problem of overfitting seriously decreases their performance. The objective of this work is set apart from previous neural network approaches by focusing on noisy data of limited record length. Observation of monthly slaughter hog prices from January, 1965 to July, 1987 are used. The work uses two techniques to overcome the problem of overfitting: the validation method and the use of time delay neural networks (TDNN).
Measurement of Protein Expression: A Technical Overview (2003)

In common with other tumor types, ovarian cancer is a genetic disease and work at the DNA or RNA level is crucial to gain an understanding of the genetic changes leading to tumor formation. Phenotypic change, however, is the result of loss or aberrant expression of normal protein or expression of a mutated form. Proteins are the front end of biology and for this reason, analysis of protein expression is of paramount importance. Any researcher detecting changes in DNA or RNA without corresponding changes in protein levels or turnover should question whether the changes are artefactual or coincidental. Often researchers are put off measuring proteins because of the relative complexity and perceived lack of sensitivity that protein detection systems exhibit. When it is possible to design reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR reactions capable of detecting and quantifying single mRNA/DNA copies, then it is often easier to demonstrate mRNA expression rather than investigating proteins.