gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State-space linear stability analysis of platoons of cooperative vehicles (2017)

Platoons of vehicles relying on inter-vehicle communication and control mechanisms have a great potential, e.g. to reduce fuel consumption and increase capacity. Linear stability analysis can be performed to investigate the propagation of perturbations in such cooperative platoons. Existing work, however, does not consider the stability analysis of the linearised global cooperative platoon system. Our car-following model framework is based on the cooperative relation introduced by Wilson, R. E. [2008. “Mechanisms for Spatio-Temporal Pattern Formation in Highway Traffic Models.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (2008) 366, 2017–2032]. We present the state-space representation of the linearised dynamical system. We prove analytically, and illustrate in simulations, that a platoon of vehicles is always linearly-stable provided that the rational relations [Wilson, R. E., and J. A. Ward. 2011. “Car-Following Models: Fifty Years of Linear Stability Analysis: A Mathematical Perspective.” Transportation Planning and Technology 13, 2167–2176] hold and the coefficients of cooperation are non-negative. We present a brief analysis of controllability, considering heterogeneity in the control inputs. Finally, we show that for a closed platoon, the conditions for linear stability are the same as the conditions for stability of a one-dimensional infinite traffic flow.
Purification and characterization of a Baeyer–Villiger mono-oxygenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 involved in three different monocyclic monoterpene degradation pathways (2000)

A Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenase (BVMO), catalysing the NADPH- and oxygen-dependent oxidation of the monocyclic monoterpene ketones 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, dihydrocarvone and menthone, was purified to homogeneity from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14. Monocyclic monoterpene ketone mono-oxygenase (MMKMO) is a monomeric enzyme of molecular mass 60 kDa. It contains 1 mol of FAD/monomer as the prosthetic group. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed homology with many other NADPH-dependent and FAD-containing (Type 1) BVMOs. Maximal enzyme activity was measured at pH 9 and 35 °C. MMKMO has a broad substrate specificity, catalysing the lactonization of a large number of monocyclic monoterpene ketones and substituted cyclohexanones. The natural substrates 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, dihydrocarvone and menthone were converted stoichiometrically into 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate (the spontaneous rearrangement product of the lactone formed by MMKMO), 4-isopropenyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone and 7-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone respectively. The MMKMO-catalysed conversion of iso-dihydrocarvone showed an opposite regioselectivity to that of dihydrocarvone; in this case, 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone was formed as the product. MMKMO converted all enantiomers of the natural substrates with almost equal efficiency. MMKMO is involved in the conversion of the monocyclic monoterpene ketone intermediates formed in the degradation pathways of all stereoisomers of three different monocyclic monoterpenes, i.e. limonene, (dihydro)carveol and menthol.
Investigation on Metal–Oxide Graphene Field-Effect Transistors With Clamped Geometries (2019)

In this work, we report on the design, fabrication and characterization of Metal-Oxide Graphene Field-effect Transistors (MOGFETs) exploiting novel clamped gate geometries aimed at enhancing the device transconductance. The fabricated devices employ clamped metal contacts also for source and drain, as well as an optimized graphene meandered pattern for source contacting, in order to reduce parasitic resistance. Our experimental results demonstrate that MOGFETs with the proposed structure show improved high frequency performance, in terms of maximum available gain and transition frequency values, as a consequence of the higher equivalent transconductance obtained.
A progress report on the Livermore Miniature Vacuum Tube Project (2003)

The design and building of micron-sized vacuum diodes and triodes using the sacrificial layer process is discussed. The devices use silicon field emitters etched into the surface of a silicon wafer. The field emitters are then buried in layers of glass and conductive polysilicon to produce the grid and anode. The last step is to remove the glass layers, leaving the free-standing anode and grid with 1-2- mu m separations. Vacuum microelectronics are expected to be hard to more than 10/sup 17/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/ and 10/sup 8/ rad(Si) of gammas without sustaining permanent damage. This is three to four orders of magnitude greater than the radiation levels that comparable silicon devices can withstand. Upset is expected to be on the order of 10/sup 11/ rad(Si)/s, compared to 10/sup 8/ rad(Si)/s for silicon devices. Vacuum microelectronics should also be able to withstand in excess of 775 K, compared to a maximum of 650 K for the best silicon devices. Current work involves enhancing the sharpness of the field emitters, so that they can operate at lower voltages. Recent application of an oxidation sharpening method has created tips with a radius of curvature on the tip of less than 10 AA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Statins Improve the Resolution of Established Murine Venous Thrombosis: Reductions in Thrombus Burden and Vein Wall Scarring (2015)

Despite anticoagulation therapy, up to one-half of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) will develop the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Improving the long-term outcome of DVT patients at risk for PTS will therefore require new approaches. Here we investigate the effects of statins--lipid-lowering agents with anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties--in decreasing thrombus burden and decreasing vein wall injury, mediators of PTS, in established murine stasis and non-stasis chemical-induced venous thrombosis (N = 282 mice). Treatment of mice with daily atorvastatin or rosuvastatin significantly reduced stasis venous thrombus burden by 25% without affecting lipid levels, blood coagulation parameters, or blood cell counts. Statin-driven reductions in VT burden (thrombus mass for stasis thrombi, intravital microscopy thrombus area for non-stasis thrombi) compared similarly to the therapeutic anticoagulant effects of low molecular weight heparin. Blood from statin-treated mice showed significant reductions in platelet aggregation and clot stability. Statins additionally reduced thrombus plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue factor, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and macrophages, and these effects were most notable in the earlier timepoints after DVT formation. In addition, statins reduced DVT-induced vein wall scarring by 50% durably up to day 21 in stasis VT, as shown by polarized light microscopy of picrosirius red-stained vein wall collagen. The overall results demonstrate that statins improve VT resolution via profibrinolytic, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and anti-vein wall scarring effects. Statins may therefore offer a new pharmacotherapeutic approach to improve DVT resolution and to reduce the post-thrombotic syndrome, particularly in subjects who are ineligible for anticoagulation therapy.
266 Contact-free Snoring Solution Reduces Objectively-measured Snoring and Improves Bed Partners’ Objectively-measured Sleep (2021)

Abstract Introduction Snoring can disturb the sleep of snorers as well as their bed partners. Recent technological advances allow objective measurement of sleep and snoring in the comfort of the bedroom. This study examined effects of a non-medical contactless snoring solution on snoring and sleep in snorers and their partners. Methods Self-reported snorers (n=29; 72% male; age 25-59 years, avg. 43; BMI&amp;lt;30) with non-snoring bed partners tracked their snoring nightly with the Do I Snore or Grind app while using the snoring solution at home (527 total nights across participants). During this time, partners tracked their own sleep nightly using ResMed S+. In addition, self-report data were collected from both snorers and partners. A within-subjects, pre-post design was used, comparing a 2-week baseline period to 2 weeks of nightly product use. Multilevel regression and paired t-tests were used to test for statistical significance. The snoring solution (Smart Nora) included a pillow insert that gently inflates when early sounds of snoring are detected, enabling breathing to return to normal. Results Objectively-measured average snoring reduced from 10% of the night when not using the product to 9% during the first week of use and 7% during the second week of use (p&amp;lt;.05). Partners perceived the snoring as less loud and less severe when the product was used. At the end of the study, no partner described the snoring as severe. Objectively-measured sleep of partners revealed a 16% decrease in wake after sleep onset (p&amp;lt;.05). Prior to product use, they spent an average of 38 minutes awake after falling asleep (approximately 9% of their sleep period). This decreased to 34 minutes during the first week of product use and to 32 minutes during the second week. Product use also led to improvements in the perceived sleep of snorers and their partners, including ability to sleep through the night without waking up, overall sleep quality, and feeling rested upon waking in the morning (all ps&amp;lt;.05). Conclusion By reducing the amount of snoring, the contactless snoring solution improved objectively-measured sleep in snorers’ bed partners. Also, the perceived sleep of both snorers and their partners improved. Support (if any) Smart Nora
MAX-SAT 2012: ubcsat-irots (2012)

For this competition, we submitted a new UBCSAT [2] implementation of Iterated Robust Tabu Search (IROTS) from Smyth, Hoos and Stützle [1]. The most significant change to the UBCSAT software framework was the internal representation of clause weights for the Weighted MAX-SAT problem. In prior releases of UBCSAT (version 1.1), clause weights were represented as floating point (real) values; henceforth they will be represented as 64-bit integers (from version 1.2). In addition, a report was added to UBCSAT to support the MAX-SAT input and output formats, and some minor improvements were made to ensure proper termination before the five minutes cutoff. The implementation of the IROTS algorithm was not changed, and the default parameter
Total synthesis of odoamide, a novel cyclic depsipeptide, from an Okinawan marine cyanobacterium (2016)

Odoamide is a novel cyclic depsipeptide with highly potent cytotoxic activity isolated from the Okinawan marine cyanobacterium Okeania sp. It contains a 26-membered macrocycle composed of a fatty acid moiety, a peptide segment and isoleucic acid. Four possible stereoisomers of the odoamide polyketide substructure were synthesised using a chiral pool approach. The first total synthesis of odoamide was also successfully achieved. The structure of synthetic odoamide was verified by comparing its NMR spectra with those of the natural product.
Confinement Effects in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Sugar Conversion: Steering Toward Functional Polyester Building Blocks (2015)

We report the use of solid Lewis acid catalysts for the conversion of tetrose sugars to four-carbon α-hydroxy acid esters (C4-AHA), which are useful as functional polyester building blocks. Sn-β was by far the most active and selective catalyst, yielding up to 80% methyl vinyl glycolate (MVG), methyl-4-methoxy-2-hydroxybutanoate (MMHB), and α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone (HBL) combined at 95% conversion. A very high turnover frequency (TOF) of 330 molC4-AHA molSn h–1 was attained using Sn-β, a more than 6-fold increase compared with homogeneous SnCl4·5H2O. It is shown that, using different Sn-based catalysts with various pore sizes, the product distribution is strongly dependent on the size of the catalyst pores. Catalysts containing mainly mesopores, such as Sn-MCM-41 or Sn-SBA-15, prefer the production of the more bulky MMHB, whereas microporous catalysts such as Sn-β or Sn-MFI favor the production of MVG. This effect can be further enhanced by increasing the reaction temperature. At 363 K, only 20% MVG is attained using Sn-β, but at 433 K, this increases to 50%. Using a kinetic analysis, it was found that, in microporous catalysts, steric hindrance near the Sn active site in the catalyst pores plays a dominant role in favoring the reaction pathway toward MVG. Moreover, the selectivity toward both products is kinetically controlled.
An artificial nervous system to treat chronic stroke (2021)

Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of numerous medical conditions, neurological disease and injury remains an outstanding challenge and cause of disability worldwide. The decreased regenerative capacity and extreme complexity and heterogeneity of nervous tissue, in particular the brain, and the fact that the brain remains the least understood organ, have hampered our ability to provide definitive treatments for prevalent conditions such as stroke. Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, and the nervous system is intimately involved in other prevalent conditions including ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Advances in neuromodulation, electroceuticals, microsurgical techniques, optogenetics, brain-computer interfaces, and autologous constructs offer potential solutions to address the otherwise permanent neurological deficits of stroke and other conditions. Here we review these various approaches to build an "artificial nervous system" that could restore function and independence in people living with these conditions. We focus on stroke both because it is the leading cause of neurological disability worldwide and because we anticipate that advances in the reversal of stroke-related deficits will have ripple effects benefiting people with other neurological conditions including spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ALS, and muscular dystrophy.
In Vitro Evaluation of Nitinol Urological Retrieval Coil and Ureteral Occlusion Device: Retropulsion and Holmium Laser Fragmentation Efficiency (2008)

The Stone Cone and NTrap eliminated retropulsion and equally improved fragmentation efficiency. The maximum efficiency of fragmentation was seen using the 200 microm fiber at a 700-microsec pulse width.
Parathyroid Hormone Causes Translocation of Protein Kinase-C from Cytosol to Membranes in Rat Osteosarcoma Cells (1989)

PTH binds to specific receptors that are coupled to adenylate cyclase and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Since it has been shown that PTH activates phospholipid inositol metabolism, we investigated whether PTH influences protein kinase-C (PKC) activity in rat osteosarcoma (ROS) cells 17/2.8 that contain a large number of PTH receptor. Incubation of ROS cells with PTH or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 1-30 min caused a rapid and transient decrease in PKC activity in the cytosol, which was associated with a transient increase in PKC activity in the membrane fraction. After 1, 5, 15, and 30 min of incubation with PTH, cytosolic PKC activity decreased to 57%, 74%, 84%, and 93% of the control value, whereas membrane PKC activity increased to 156%, 122%, 111%, and 106% of the control value, respectively. After PMA treatment for 1, 5, 15, and 30 min, cytosolic PKC activity decreased by 81%, 74%, 63%, and 44%, whereas membrane-bound PKC activity increased by 83%, 44%, 28%, and 17%, respectively. The effects of PTH and PMA on PKC were dose dependent, with ED50 values of 0.3 nM PTH and 4 nM PMA. Chronic treatment of ROS cells for 3 days with PMA caused depletion of total PKC activity in cytosolic and membrane fractions to less than 10% of that in control cells. Conversely, chronic treatment of ROS cells with PTH did not deplete PKC. In addition, chronic treatment of ROS cells with PTH inhibited the responsiveness of PKC activity to subsequent acute PTH challenge, but not to acute PMA challenge, suggesting specific desensitization of this response by PTH. Activation of cytosolic PKC by diolein, phosphatidylserine, and calcium caused phosphorylation of many cytosolic proteins, including those having apparent mol wt of 39K, 35K, 33K, 25K, 19K, and 16K. Pretreatment of ROS cells with PTH resulted in a transient decrease in the phosphorylation of these cytosolic proteins by PKC. This decrease in cytosolic protein phosphorylation by treatment with PTH is temporally associated with PTH-stimulated translocation of PKC activity from the cytosol to the membranes. These data suggest a potential role for PKC in the mechanism of action of PTH in ROS cells.
SUMO 2016 – Traffic, Mobility, and Logistics (2016)

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Trans- portation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. – DLR) and from his environment. We are providing libraries with a part of the circulation. Outstanding scientific contributions and dissertations are here published as well as projects reports and proceedings of conferences in our house with different contributors from science, economy and politics. With this series we are pursuing the objective to enable a broad access to scientific works and results. We are using the series as well as to promote practically young researchers by the publication of the dissertation of our staff and external doctoral candidates, too. Publications are important milestones on the academic career path. With the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems / Berichte aus dem DLR-Institut für Verkehrssystemtechnik“ we are widening the spectrum of possible publications with a building block. Beyond that we understand the communication of our scientific fields of research as a contribution to the national and international research landscape in the fields of automotive, railway systems and traffic management. With this volume we publish the proceedings of the SUMO Conference 2016 which was held from 23rd to 25th May 2016 with a focus on traffic, mobility, and logistics. SUMO is an open source tool for traffic simulation that provides a wide range of traffic planning and simulation functionalities.The conference proceedings offer an overview of the applicability of the SUMO tool suite as well as its universal extensibility due to the availability of the source code. The major topic of this fourth edition of the SUMO conference are the different facets of moving objects occurring as personal mobility and freight delivery as well as communicating networks of intelligent vehicles. Several articles cover heterogeneous traffic networks, junction control and new traffic model extensions to the simulation. Subsequent specialized issues such as disaster management aspects and applying agile development techniques to scenario building are targeted as well. At the conference the international user community exchanged their experiences in using SUMO. With this volume we provide an insight to these experiences as inspiration for further projects with the SUMO suite.
Synthesis and characterization of new soluble cardo polyamides containing the tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane group (2000)

A new cardo dicarboxylic acid, 8,8-bis[4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)phenyl]tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane (BCPTD), was synthesized from 4,4′-(octahydro-4,7-methano-5H-inden-5-ylidene)bisphenol and p-fluorobenzonitrile via aromatic nucleophilic substitution followed by hydrolysis. A series of new cardo polyamides was prepared by the direct polycondensation of BCPTD and various aromatic diamines in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) with triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as the condensing agents. Polymers were produced with moderate to high inherent viscosities of 0.65 to 1.08 dL g−1. The polymers, except for polymer PA1, exhibited number-average molecular weights and weight-average molecular weights in the range of 38,400 to 86,300 and 57,800 to 148,000, respectively. Nearly all of the polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as NMP, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide as well as in less polar solvents such as pyridine, γ-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran. All of the polymers were amorphous, and the polyamide films had a tensile-strength range of 75 to 128 MPa and a tensile-modulus range of 2.0 to 2.8 GPa. These polyamides had glass-transition temperatures between 240 and 269°C and 10% weight-loss temperatures in the range of 477 to 508°C and 471 to 518°C in nitrogen and air atmospheres, respectively. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 74–79, 2000
Expression of Chemokines and Their Receptors by Human Brain Endothelium: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis (2009)

Leukocyte migration into the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by chemokines expressed on CNS endothelial cell surfaces. This study investigated the production of chemokines and expression of chemokine receptors by human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) in vitro and in situ. Four chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in endothelial cells in brain samples from patients with multiple sclerosis. CXCL8 and CCL2 were constitutively released and increased by primary HBECs and the brain endothelial cell line hCEMC/D3 in response to tumor necrosis factor and/or interferon gamma. CXCL10 and CCL5 were undetectable in resting endothelial cells but were secreted in response to these proinflammatory cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor strongly increased the production of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL8; interferon gamma upregulated CXCL10 exclusively. CCL3 was not secreted by HBECs and seemed to be confined to astrocytes in situ. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR3 were expressed by HBECs both in vitro and in situ; CXCR3 was upregulated in response to cytokine stimulation in vitro. In contrast, CXCR3 expression was reduced in noninflammatory (silent) multiple sclerosis lesions. The particularly high levels of CXCL10 and CXCL8 expressed by brain endothelium may contribute to the predominant TH1-type inflammatory response observed in chronic inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
Genome-wide analyses implicate 33 loci in heritable dog osteosarcoma, including regulatory variants near CDKN2A/B (2013)

Mapping a complex cancer in multiple dog breeds reveals a polygenic spectrum of germline risk factors pointing to specific pathways as drivers of disease.
Nine Orders of Magnitude Dynamic Range: Picomolar to Millimolar Concentration Measurement in Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection Employing Cascaded Avalanche Photodiode Photon Counters (2011)

The dynamic range of capillary electrophoresis analysis is ultimately limited by molecular shot noise at low concentrations and by concentration-induced band broadening at high concentrations. We report a system that approaches these fundamental limits. A laser-induced fluorescence detector is reported that employs a cascade of four fiber-optic beam splitters connected in series to generate a primary signal and four attenuated signals, each monitored by a single-photon counting avalanche photodiode. Appropriate scaling of the signals from the five photodiodes produces a linear optical calibration curve for 5-carboxyl-tetramethylrhodamine from the concentration detection limit of 1 pM to the upper limit of 1 mM. Mass detection limits are 120 yoctomoles (70 molecules) injected into the instrument. The very-wide dynamic range instrument was used to study the metabolic products of the fluorescently labeled glycosphingolipid tetramethylrhodamine labeled GM1 (GM1-TMR) produced by single cells isolated from the rat cerebellum.