gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphical Modeling and Code Generation for Distributed Automotive Control Systems (2000)

This paper describes how a specific modeling tool, MATRIXx, from Integrated Systems, Inc., can be applied to rapidly develop automotive control software for a family of rapid prototype controllers from Motorola's Automotive Industrial Electronics Group. The work described shows how the modeling tool can be used to specify communication between the distributed controllers using CAN and J1850 standards. In addition to supporting communications interfaces, the modeling tools and controller hardware also support additional advanced features, such as low-power operating modes, storing and moving data to and from non-volatile memory, and also interfacing to sophisticated automotive calibration tools. Finally, the application of these hardware and software development tools to an automotive system are described along with ways that these tools can reduce control system deployment time. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108169.
Fast globally optimal search in tree-structured dictionaries (2005)

This paper reviews recent best basis search algorithms. The problem under consideration is to select a representation from a dictionary which minimizes an additive cost function for a given signal. We describe a new framework of multitree dictionaries, and an efficient algorithm for finding the best representation in a multitree dictionary. We illustrate the algorithm through image compression examples.
Very-high-bit-rate integrated photonic devices for next-generation Ethernet (2010)

Recent advances in integrated photonic devices for next-generation Ethernet are described. In particular, 1.3-μm-range uncooled photonic devices (namely, electroabsorption modulator integrated lasers, directly modulated lasers, and lens integrated devices) are focused on. A key technology for uncooled operation is an InGaAlAs multiple quantum well (MQW), which produces a strong electron confinement. The electroabsorption modulator integrated lasers, which incorporated an InGaAlAs-MQW absorption layer, exhibit uncooled 25.8-Gbit/s and 43-Gbit/s single-mode fiber 10-km transmissions. The 1.3-μm directly modulated laser, which consists of an InGaAlAs MQW distributed feedback (DFB) active stripe, exhibits uncooled direct modulation at 25 Gbit/s. To improve the optical coupling of the directly modulated laser, we developed a lens-integrated surface-emitting laser, which incorporates an InGaAlAs DFB active stripe. This lens-integrated laser exhibits 25-Gbit/s direct modulation up to 100°C. Furthermore, the lens-integrated photodiode exhibited high speed (35 GHz), high responsivity (0.8 A/W), and large alignment tolerance (26 μm) for direct coupling to a single-mode fiber. These photonic devices have demonstrated their potential for implementation in cost-effective 100-Gbit/s and 40-Gbit/s Ethernet.
Transforming features to compensate speech recogniser models for noise (2009)

To make speech recognisers robust to noise, either the features or the models can be compensated. Feature enhancement is often fast; model compensation is often more accurate, because it predicts the corrupted speech distribution. It is therefore able, for example, to take uncertainty about the clean speech into account. This paper re-analyses the recently-proposed predictive linear transformations for noise compensation as minimising the KL divergence between the predicted corrupted speech and the adapted models. New schemes are then introduced which apply observation-dependent transformations in the front-end to adapt the back-end distributions. One applies transforms in the exact same manner as the popular minimum mean square error (MMSE) feature enhancement scheme, and is as fast. The new method performs better on AURORA 2.
High-Rate Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Films by Microwave-Excited High-Density Plasma (2011)

In this study, the deposition of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films using a microwave-excited high-density plasma system is described. We investigate the effects of plasma excitation gas species (argon or helium), total gas pressure, silane (SiH 4 ) flow rate, and substrate stage temperature, estimating the resultant films from cross-sectional morphology, photoconductivity, and dark conductivity measured without light-induced degradation. It is confirmed that high-quality a-Si films (photosensitivity= 1.29 ×10 6 ) can be formed in the plasma excitation gas helium at a pressure of 13.3 Pa by relatively high rate (1.1 nm/s) deposition. At the same time, we measure the plasma emission derived from various radicals such as Si and SiH radicals in order to discuss the mechanism of radical generation in the plasma. The result of the measurement implies that when argon is used as plasma excitation gas, metastable states of argon markedly dissociate silane, which produces low-quality a-Si films. On the other hand, it seems that electrons dissociate silane mainly, which produces high-quality a-Si films, in helium.
Visual Analytics on the Financial Market : Pixel-based Analysis and Comparison of Long-Term Investments (2008)

In this paper, we describe solutions how pixel-based visualization techniques can support the decision making process for investors on the financial market. We especially focus on explorative interactive techniques where analysts try to analyze large amounts of financial data for long-term investments, and show how visualization can effectively support an investor to gain insight into large amounts of financial time series data. After presenting methods for improving the traditional performance/risk computation in order to take user-specific regions of interest into account, we present a novel visualization approach that demonstrates how changes in these regions of interest affect the ranking of assets in a long-term investment strategy. Keywords—Visual Data Mining, Financial Data Analysis 1
An Infrared Interferometer for Elastoplastic Crack-Tip Field Investigation of Homogeneous and Bimaterial Beams: A Study of Three-Dimensional Effects and J-Dominance (1998)

An infrared interferometer capable of performing real-time full-field noncontacting deformation field measurements on optically rough surfaces is proposed as a tool for elastoplastic fracture mechanics investigations. The choice of the infrared wavelength allows interferometric measurements on fracture samples with little or no surface preparation and is more tolerant of the damage accumulation near the crack. The interferometer also bridges a sensitivity gap among existing techniques for out-of-plane deformation measurement. First, a rigorous Fourier optics analysis is provided for the interferometer and the range of surface roughness that can be studied using this interferometer is examined. The interferometer is then used for mapping deformations near elastoplastically deformed cracks in aluminum beams and solder-copper bimaterials. The regions of dominant three-dimensional effects and J-dominance are examined on the sample surface by evaluating measurements along with companion finite element analyses and the HRR fields.
In-plane deeply-etched optical MEMS notch filter with high-speed tunability (2015)

Notch filters are used in spectroscopy, multi-photon microscopy, fluorescence instrumentation, optical sensors and other life science applications. One type of notch filter is based on a fiber-coupled Fabry–Pérot cavity, which is formed by a reflector (external mirror) facing a dielectric-coated end of an optical fiber. Tailoring this kind of optical filter for different applications is possible because the external mirror has fewer mechanical and optical constraints. In this paper we present optical modeling and implementation of a fiber-coupled Fabry–Pérot filter based on dielectric-coated optical fiber inserted into a micromachined fiber groove facing a metallized micromirror, which is driven by a high-speed MEMS actuator. The optical MEMS chip is fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology on a silicon on insulator wafer, where the optical axis is parallel to the substrate (in-plane) and the optical/mechanical components are self-aligned by the photolithographic process. The DRIE etching depth is 150 μm, chosen to increase the micromirror optical throughput and improving the out-of-plane stiffness of the MEMS actuator. The MEMS actuator type is closing-gap, while its quality factor is almost doubled by slotting the fixed plate. A low-finesse Fabry–Pérot interferometer is formed by the metallized surface of the micromirror and a cleaved end of a standard single-mode fiber, for characterization of the MEMS actuator stroke and resonance frequency. The actuator achieves a travel distance of 800 nm at a resonance frequency of 89.9 kHz. The notch filter characteristics were measured using an optical spectrum analyzer, and the filter exhibits a free spectral range up to 100 nm and a notch rejection ratio up to 20 dB around a wavelength of 1300 nm. The presented device provides batch processing and low-cost production of the filter.
Estimation of Attainment of Steady‐State Conditions for Compounds With a Long Half‐Life (2020)

Half-life is a standard result reported with analysis of pharmacokinetic data. Different definitions such as noncompartmental half-life, terminal half-life, effective half-life, and context-sensitive half-life can yield substantially different estimates of the quantity "half-life." Time to attainment of steady-state conditions is generally derived from (terminal) half-life and therefore sensitive toward the definition of half-life. Thus, estimates of the time to attain steady state must be provided with a precise definition of steady state and the method used for estimation, particularly for drugs with long (terminal) half-life. For clinical purposes, terminal half-life can have limited relevance if drug concentrations in the terminal elimination phase are low. A general rule for which half-life to use is infeasible. While limited accumulation can be negligible if a plateau in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics is reached or with a wide therapeutic window (ie, exposure range), small additional drug accumulation can be highly relevant for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. Beyond the average, estimation of individual time to attainment of steady state can add highly relevant information about the variability between subjects. Simulations from population models and the use of different definitions of steady state provide an assessment of robustness of the results. The relevance of accurate estimation of time to attainment of steady state is illustrated with cenerimod, an sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor modulator with long half-life currently in clinical development for which estimates of time to steady state ranged from 35 to 110 days with different calculations.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Transmembrane Signaling by an Insulin Receptor Lacking a Cytoplasmic β-Subunit Domain (1995)

We have recently characterized a mutant insulin receptor (HIR delta 978) in which the insulin receptor beta-subunit was truncated at amino acid residue 978. Compared with parental Rat1 cells, the cells expressing the truncated receptor exhibited enhanced sensitivity to insulin's biologic actions. All of these effects are now extended to transcriptional events, since we now show enhanced sensitivity to insulin stimulation of c-fos mRNA expression. These effects were insulin-specific, since insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulation of glucose incorporation into glycogen, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake, and thymidine incorporation into DNA were normal. In addition, the truncated receptor exhibited enhanced sensitivity only in vivo, but not in vitro, since the kinase activity of wheat germ agglutinin-purified receptor preparations was comparable between HIR delta 978 and parental Rat1 insulin receptors. Parental rat endogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors and transfected human insulin receptors form hybrid receptors as well as homologous tetrameric receptors. The normal heterotetrameric receptors possess kinase activity in vivo leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and its association with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase. Interestingly, preincubation with human-specific anti-insulin receptor antibody abolished the increased insulin sensitivity in glucose incorporation into glycogen in HIR delta 978 cells. Furthermore, microinjection of anti-IRS-1 antibody into HIR delta 978 cells inhibited insulin stimulation of DNA synthesis. In summary: 1) truncated receptors on the cell surface confer enhanced insulin sensitivity in vivo; 2) the normal heterotetrameric receptors are functionally active and couple to IRS-1 efficiently; and 3) IRS-1 is an important molecule transmitting insulin's biological signals in HIR delta 978 cells.
Phase effects owing to multilayer coatings in a two-mirror extreme-ultraviolet Schwarzschild objective (1998)

The aberrations of a multilayer-coated reflective Schwarzschild objective, which are influenced both by mirror surface profiles and by multilayer coatings, are evaluated with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer operating in the extreme ultraviolet. Using wave-front measurements at multiple wavelengths near 13.4 nm, we observed chromatic aberrations and wavelength-dependent transmission changes that were due to molybdenum-silicon multilayer coatings. The effects of chromatic vignetting due to limited multilayer reflection passbands on the imaging performance of the Schwarzschild optic are considered. The coating characteristics extracted from the interferometry data on the two-mirror optical system are compared with previously reported coating properties measured on individual mirror substrates.
Lithography-free fabrication of carbon nanotube network transistors (2011)

A novel non-lithographic technique for the fabrication of carbon nanotube thin film transistors is presented. The whole transistor fabrication process requires only one mask which is used both to pattern transistor channels based on aerosol synthesized carbon nanotubes and to deposit electrodes by metal evaporation at different angles. An important effect of electrodynamic focusing was utilized for the directed assembly of transistor channels with feature sizes smaller than the mask openings. This dry non-lithographic method opens up new avenues for device fabrication especially for low cost flexible and transparent electronics.
A sub-2W 39.8-to-44.6Gb/s transmitter and receiver chipset with SFI-5.2 interface in 40nm CMOS (2013)

The introduction of 40Gb/s networks, spurred by 40Gb/s WDM growth, can alleviate bandwidth bottlenecks of Internet infrastructure while simultaneously reducing operating costs. Increasingly, standard CMOS technology is used to enable transceiver speeds [1-5] previously achievable only by using expensive bipolar technology. However, at 40Gb/s, limited channel bandwidth coupled with stringent receiver jitter tolerance requirements demands better solutions than exist currently.
Optimal design of a two-winding inductor bouncer circuit (2009)

In many pulsed power applications the flatness of the output pulse is an important characteristic to enable proper system operation, whereas a pulse flatness within less than a few percent has to be achieved. In power modulators based on capacitor discharge this voltage droop is mainly defined by the input capacitance. In order to overcome this problem, in power modulators systems, compensation circuits are added, whereby in spite of a smaller storage capacitor a flat pulse top is achieved. Depending on the pulse duration, different approaches for voltage droop compensation exist. For short pulse durations, in the range of several ¿s, only passive solutions or bouncer circuits are applicable. In this paper the design and optimization of a two-winding inductor bouncer circuit is presented in order to achieve an output voltage droop of less than 1%. Due to the realized galvanic isolation a new degree of freedom is obtained, which allows an adaption of the bouncer circuit's voltage and current rating to standard semiconductor switches. With an optimal design of the two-winding inductor bouncer circuit for the existing system, the volume of the input capacitor is reduced by a factor of 10.5 and the stored energy is decreased by a factor of 24 compared to system without bouncer circuit.
A canine model of irreversible urethral sphincter insufficiency (2008)

These results show that a reliable and reproducible canine model of irreversible sphincter insufficiency can be created by microsurgical removal of sphincter muscle tissue. This model of external sphincter insufficiency could be used for evaluating methods (e.g. cell therapies) for treating SUI.
Microarchitecture-Based Introspection: A Technique for Transient-Fault Tolerance in Microprocessors (2005)

The increasing transient fault rate necessitates on-chip fault tolerance techniques in future processors. The speed gap between the processor and the memory is also increasing, causing the processor to stay idle for hundreds of cycles while waiting for a long-latency cache miss to be serviced. Even in the presence of aggressive prefetching techniques, future processors are expected to waste significant processing bandwidth waiting for main memory. This paper proposes microarchitecture-based introspection (MBI), a transient-fault detection technique, which utilizes the wasted processing bandwidth during long-latency cache misses for redundant execution of the instruction stream. MBI has modest hardware cost, requires minimal modifications to the existing microarchitecture, and is particularly well suited for memory-intensive applications. Our evaluation reveals that the time redundancy of MBI results in an average IPC reduction of only 7.1 %for memory-intensive benchmarks in the SPEC CPU2000 suite. The average IPC reduction for the entire suite is 14.5%.
Structure, Regulation, and Inhibition of the Quorum-Sensing Signal Integrator LuxO (2016)

In a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate with chemical signal molecules called autoinducers to control collective behaviors. In pathogenic vibrios, including Vibrio cholerae, the accumulation of autoinducers triggers repression of genes responsible for virulence factor production and biofilm formation. The vibrio autoinducer molecules bind to transmembrane receptors of the two-component histidine sensor kinase family. Autoinducer binding inactivates the receptors' kinase activities, leading to dephosphorylation and inhibition of the downstream response regulator LuxO. Here, we report the X-ray structure of LuxO in its unphosphorylated, autoinhibited state. Our structure reveals that LuxO, a bacterial enhancer-binding protein of the AAA+ ATPase superfamily, is inhibited by an unprecedented mechanism in which a linker that connects the catalytic and regulatory receiver domains occupies the ATPase active site. The conformational change that accompanies receiver domain phosphorylation likely disrupts this interaction, providing a mechanistic rationale for LuxO activation. We also determined the crystal structure of the LuxO catalytic domain bound to a broad-spectrum inhibitor. The inhibitor binds in the ATPase active site and recapitulates elements of the natural regulatory mechanism. Remarkably, a single inhibitor molecule may be capable of inhibiting an entire LuxO oligomer.
Al2O3 Surface Passivation Characterized on Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic c-Si by a Combination of QSSPC, CV, XPS and FTIR (2012)

In this work, the influence of the c-Si surface finishing (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) prior to the deposition of the Al2O3 passivation layer on the passivation quality is investigated. The samples are characterized by a combination of Quasi-Steady-State-PhotoConductance (QSSPC) Capacity-Conductance (CV), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transformed InfraRed (FTIR) measurements. Furthermore, FTIR measurements are used to determine the thickness of interfacial SiOx layer.
Effects of organic amendments on the toxicity and bioavailability of cadmium and copper in spiked formulated sediments (2003)

We evaluated the partitioning and toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) spiked into formulated sediments containing two types of organic matter (OM), i.e., cellulose and humus. Amendments of cellulose up to 12.5% total organic carbon (TOC) did not affect partitioning of Cd or Cu between sediment and pore water and did not significantly affect the toxicity of spiked sediments in acute toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca. In contrast, amendments of natural humus shifted the partitioning of hoth Cd and Cu toward greater concentrations in sediment and lesser concentrations in pore water and significantly reduced toxic effects of both metals. Thresholds for toxicity, based on measured metal concentrations in whole sediment, were greater for both Cd and Cu in sediments amended with a low level of humus (2.9% TOC) than in sediments without added OM. Amendments with a high level of humus (8.9% TOC) eliminated toxicity at the highest spike concentrations of both metals (sediment concentrations of 12.4 microg Cd/g and 493 microg Cu/g). Concentrations of Cd in pore water associated with acute toxicity were similar between sediments with and without humus amendments, suggesting that toxicity of Cd was reduced primarily by sorption to sediment OM. However, toxic effects of Cu in humus treatments were associated with greater pore-water concentrations than in controls, suggesting that toxicity of Cu was reduced both by sorption and by complexation with soluble ligands. Both sorption and complexation by OM tend to make proposed sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) based on total metal concentrations more protective for high-OM sediments. Our results suggest that the predictive ability of SQGs could be improved by models of metal interactions with natural OM in sediment and pore water.
OTUB1 is a key regulator of RIG-I dependent immune signalling and is targeted for proteasomal degradation by influenza A NS1 (2019)

Summary Deubiquitylases (DUBs) regulate critical signaling pathways at the intersection of host innate immunity and viral pathogenesis. Although RIG-I activation is heavily dependent on ubiquitylation, DUBs that regulate this pathway have not been identified. Using a ubiquitin C-terminal electrophile, we profiled DUBs that function during influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and isolated OTUB1 as a key regulator of RIG-I dependent antiviral responses. OTUB1 was interferon-inducible, and interacted with RIG-I, viral PB2 and NS1. Upon infection, OTUB1 relocalised from the nucleus to mitochondrial membranes, and activated the RIG-I signaling complex via hydrolysis of K48 polyubiquitin chains and by forming a repressive complex with UBCH5c. Using a reconstituted system composed of in vitro translated [ 35 S]IRF3, purified RIG-I, mitochondrial membranes and cytosol expressing OTUB1 variants, we recapitulated the mechanism of OTUB1-dependent RIG-I activation. A wide range of IAV NS1 proteins triggered proteasomal degradation of OTUB1, thereby antagonizing the RIG-I signaling cascade and antiviral responses. Highlights OTUB1 is induced during influenza A virus infections in an IFN-I dependent manner OTUB1 regulates the RIG-I complex by hydrolysing K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and by sequestering UBCH5c to prevent K48 polyubiquitylation Optimal K63 versus K48 polyubiquitin chain concentrations determine RIG-I activation Influenza NS1 targets OTUB1 for proteasomal degradation