gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Anthropozoonozes: the species barrier]. (1999)

Various animal virus can infect humans with a wide range of clinical manifestations from subclinical to fatal. In theory transmission is also possible in a number of poorly defined situations. Several examples of interspecific contamination in animals and the emergence of new viral infections in animals have documented the ability of some viruses to cross the species barrier. The barrier concept is based on epidemiological factors lowering the probability of exposition to risk and molecular factors limiting or preventing viral replication in alien hosts. Although these mechanisms are generally effective, they can fail under circumstances. This is notably the case when changes in the ecosystem lead to the development of variants able to replicate in different hosts including man. An analysis of several mechanisms underlying the species barrier is also presented. Some viruses are prevented from entering the organism by the absence of suitable receptors, but development is possible if entrance is forced. Other viruses can enter but the organism but are unable to complete their developmental cycle. Study has shown that these inhibitory mechanisms correspond to interactions involving a small number of amino acids. Such a blockage could be leaky, especially for RNA viruses with a high mutation rate.
Acousto-Optic Modulation in Ambient Air (2023)

Control over intensity, shape, direction, and phase of coherent light is essential in numerous fields, reaching from gravitational wave astronomy over quantum metrology and ultrafast sciences to semi-conductor fabrication. Modern laser optics, however, frequently demands parameter regimes where either the wavelength or the optical power restricts control due to linear absorption, light-induced damage or optical nonlinearity. The properties of solid media, upon which most photonic control schemes rely, impose these limitations. We propose to circumvent these constraints using gaseous media tailored by high-intensity ultrasound waves. We demonstrate a first implementation of this approach by deflecting ultrashort laser pulses using ultrasound waves in ambient air, entirely omitting transmissive solid media. At optical peak powers of 20 GW exceeding previous limits of solid-based acousto-optic modulation by about three orders of magnitude, we reach a deflection efficiency greater than 50% while preserving excellent beam quality. Our approach is not limited to laser pulse deflection via acousto-optic modulation: gas-phase photonic schemes controlled by sonic waves can prospectively be translated to various optical methods, e.g., lenses or waveguides, rendering them effectively invulnerable against damage and opening up new spectral regions.
The Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics Profile of BT-11, an Oral, Gut-Restricted Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like 2 Agonist Investigational New Drug for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase I Clinical Trial (2019)

BT-11 is a new oral, gut-restricted, first-in-class investigational drug for Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that targets the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) pathway and immunometabolic mechanisms. Oral BT-11 was assessed for safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) in normal healthy volunteers (n = 70) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects (n = 70) were randomly assigned to one of five single ascending dose cohorts (up to 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and three multiple ascending dose cohorts [up to 100 mg/kg daily (QD) for seven days, orally]. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse event (AE) reporting, vital signs, electrocardiogram, hematology, and clinical chemistry. BT-11 did not increase total or gastrointestinal AE rates, as compared with placebo, and no serious adverse events were observed. Oral BT-11 dosing does not result in any clinically significant findings by biochemistry, coagulation, electrocardiogram, hematology, or urinalysis as compared with placebo. Mean fecal concentrations of BT-11 increased linearly with increasing oral doses, with 2.39 mg/g at 7.7 mg/kg on day 7 of the multiple ascending dose (MAD). Analysis of plasma pharmacokinetics indicates that maximum systemic concentrations are approximately 1/6000th of observed concentrations in feces and the distal gastrointestinal tract. Fecal calprotectin levels were lower in BT-11 treated groups as compared to placebo. BT-11 significantly decreases interferon gamma positive (IFNγ+) and tumor necrosis factor alpha positive (TNFα+) cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) T cells and increases forkhead box P3 positive (FOXP3+) CD4+ T cells in colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with CD and patients with UC at concentrations of 0.01 µM when treated ex vivo. BT-11 treatment is well-tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities up to daily oral doses of 100 mg/kg (16 tablets); whereas the efficacious dose is a single tablet (8 mg/kg). Phase II studies in CD and UC patients are ongoing.
A Prospective Study of the Impact of AGTR1 A1166C on the Effects of Candesartan in Patients with Heart Failure (2018)

AGTR1 1166C carriers may experience a greater long-term compensatory renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation following treatment with candesartan. Whether these associations ultimately influence clinical outcomes requires investigation. Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT00400582.
CRISPLD2 Is a Target of Progesterone Receptor and Its Expression Is Decreased in Women with Endometriosis (2020)

Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial cells outside of the uterine cavity, is a major cause of infertility and pelvic pain, afflicting more than 10% of reproductive age women. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and lipopolysaccharide promotes the proliferation and invasion of endometriotic stromal cells. Cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain-containing 2 (CRISPLD2) has high affinity for lipopolysaccharide and plays a critical role in defense against endotoxin shock. However, the function of CRISPLD2 has not been studied in endometriosis and uterine biology. Herein, we examined the expression of CRISPLD2 in endometrium from patients with and without endometriosis using immunohistochemistry. The expression of CRISPLD2 was higher in the secretory phase in human menstrual cycle compared to proliferative phase. The expression of CRISPLD2 was significantly decreased in the endometrium of women with endometriosis in the early secretory phase compared to women without endometriosis. The increase of CRISPLD2 expression at the early secretory and dysregulation of its expression in endometriosis suggest progesterone (P4) regulation of CRISPLD2. To investigate whether CRISPLD2 is regulated by P4, we examined the expression of the CRISPLD2 in the uteri of wild-type and progesterone receptor knock out (PRKO) mice. The expression of CRISPLD2 was significantly increased after P4 treatment in the wild-type mice. However, CRISPLD2 expression was significantly decreased in the (PRKO) mice treated with P4. During early pregnancy, the expression of CRISPLD2 was increased in decidua of implantation and post-implantation stages. CRISPLD2 levels were also increased in cultured human endometrial stromal cells during in vitro decidualization. These results suggest that the CRISPLD2 is a target of the progesterone receptor and may play an important role in pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Trusted Multi-Party Computation and Verifiable Simulations: A Scalable Blockchain Approach (2018)

Large-scale computational experiments, often running over weeks and over large datasets, are used extensively in fields such as epidemiology, meteorology, computational biology, and healthcare to understand phenomena, and design high-stakes policies affecting everyday health and economy. For instance, the OpenMalaria framework is a computationally-intensive simulation used by various non-governmental and governmental agencies to understand malarial disease spread and effectiveness of intervention strategies, and subsequently design healthcare policies. Given that such shared results form the basis of inferences drawn, technological solutions designed, and day-to-day policies drafted, it is essential that the computations are validated and trusted. In particular, in a multi-agent environment involving several independent computing agents, a notion of trust in results generated by peers is critical in facilitating transparency, accountability, and collaboration. Using a novel combination of distributed validation of atomic computation blocks and a blockchain-based immutable audits mechanism, this work proposes a universal framework for distributed trust in computations. In particular we address the scalaibility problem by reducing the storage and communication costs using a lossy compression scheme. This framework guarantees not only verifiability of final results, but also the validity of local computations, and its cost-benefit tradeoffs are studied using a synthetic example of training a neural network.
ChemInform Abstract: New Betaclamycin and Aclarubicin Analogues Obtained by Prolonged Microbial Conversion with an Aclarubicin‐Negative Mutant. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interleukin-10+ Regulatory B Cells Arise Within Antigen-Experienced CD40+ B Cells to Maintain Tolerance to Islet Autoantigens (2014)

Impaired regulatory B cell (Breg) responses are associated with several autoimmune diseases in humans; however, the role of Bregs in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. We hypothesized that naturally occurring, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Bregs maintain tolerance to islet autoantigens, and that hyperglycemic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and T1D patients lack these potent negative regulators. IgVH transcriptome analysis revealed that islet-infiltrating B cells in long-term normoglycemic (Lnglc) NOD, which are naturally protected from diabetes, are more antigen-experienced and possess more diverse B-cell receptor repertoires compared to those of hyperglycemic (Hglc) mice. Importantly, increased levels of Breg-promoting CD40(+) B cells and IL-10-producing B cells were found within islets of Lnglc compared to Hglc NOD. Likewise, healthy individuals showed increased frequencies of both CD40(+) and IL-10(+) B cells compared to T1D patients. Rituximab-mediated B-cell depletion followed by adoptive transfer of B cells from Hglc mice induced hyperglycemia in Lnglc human CD20 transgenic NOD mouse models. Importantly, both murine and human IL-10(+) B cells significantly abrogated T-cell-mediated responses to self- or islet-specific peptides ex vivo. Together, our data suggest that antigen-matured Bregs may maintain tolerance to islet autoantigens by selectively suppressing autoreactive T-cell responses, and that Hglc mice and individuals with T1D lack this population of Bregs.
Computer-extracted stromal features of African-Americans versus Caucasians from H&E slides and impact on prognosis of biochemical recurrence. (2018)

12075 Background: There has been recent interest in investigating differences in the prostate cancer (PCa) phenotype between African-Americans (AA) and Caucasian-Americans (CA). Separately, there is evidence that stromal morphology may be predictive of cancer aggressiveness. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether computer extracted measurements of stromal nuclei in PCa histology (1) were significantly different between AA and CA populations and (2) could be used to create more accurate, population-specific prognostic models for biochemical recurrence (BCR) following surgery. Methods: Radical prostatectomy specimens from 200 patients (93 AA, 93 CA, 73 BCR, 113 non-BCR) were reviewed (ethnicity self-declared). Patients were randomly partitioned into training (n = 124) and validation sets (n = 62). Image features from stromal nuclei were computed from scanned H&E slides and used with 3 machine learning (ML) models (random forest, top 4 features by t-test) to predict BCR in each population subset. We validated these models against the independent validation cohort and compared them with extant clinical recurrence risk prediction nomograms (KATTAN, CAPRA-S). Results: 23 stromal features had significantly differing distributions between the BCR and non-BCR cohorts (p < 0.05). These included descriptors of nuclear shape and arrangement. 31 features were significant in the AA cohort while only 4 were in the CA cohort. Our ML models based on these features significantly (log-rank p < .005) outperformed existing nomograms for AA patients and had an AUC of 0.82. Conclusions: Stromal nuclear features were predictive of PCa BCR in AA patients. Taking into account population-specific information significantly improves accuracy of computational pathology based prognostic models for AA PCa patients. Comparison of our model with nomograms for AA validation cohort. Classifier Features Statistics Random Forest 4 descriptors of nuclear shape. AUC: 0.82 Logf-rank p = 0.0046 Hazard ratio: 19.95 CAPRA-S Clinical variables (PSA, grade, stage, age, etc.). AUC: 0.61 Log-rank p = 0.4265 Hazard ratio = 0.5514 KATTAN AUC: 0.64 Log-rank p = 0.3385 Hazard ratio = 0.54
Thickness Measurements Using Extremely Low Frequency Eddy Current Testing via TMR Sensors Operated with AC Modulation (2018)

Conventionally, eddy current testing (ECT) has been used for the surface crack detection. However, the detection of underside and internal corrosion was difficult using this technique. Therefore, we developed an underside and internal corrosion detection technique based on extremely low frequency ECT (ELECT). To use the TMR sensor for ELECT, a TMR sensor operated with AC modulation was applied as a magnetic sensor. Then, we developed the ELECT system using a TMR sensor operated with AC modulation, and succeeded in measuring the thickness of thick steel plate.
Multifocal clonal evolution characterized using circulating tumour DNA in a case of metastatic breast cancer (2015)

Circulating tumour DNA analysis can be used to track tumour burden and analyse cancer genomes non-invasively but the extent to which it represents metastatic heterogeneity is unknown. Here we follow a patient with metastatic ER-positive and HER2-positive breast cancer receiving two lines of targeted therapy over 3 years. We characterize genomic architecture and infer clonal evolution in eight tumour biopsies and nine plasma samples collected over 1,193 days of clinical follow-up using exome and targeted amplicon sequencing. Mutation levels in the plasma samples reflect the clonal hierarchy inferred from sequencing of tumour biopsies. Serial changes in circulating levels of sub-clonal private mutations correlate with different treatment responses between metastatic sites. This comparison of biopsy and plasma samples in a single patient with metastatic breast cancer shows that circulating tumour DNA can allow real-time sampling of multifocal clonal evolution.
Hydrogen Evolution on Sr x NbO3 − δ     ( 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 0.95 )  in Acid (1990)

Metallic is stable under normal electrochemical operation in . It is, for practical purposes, inactive for fuel‐cell reactions and oxygen evolution, but it is active for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction with an exchange‐current density of at 60°C. An anomalous anodic current appears negative of the theoretical hydrogen potential that increases with the magnitude of the cathodic vertex potential. A possible origin of this anomalous current is discussed.
Prototypes de protocoles d'interopérabilité, de supervision et d'auto-organisation (2009)

The delivrable describes prototypes of mesh network interoperability, management and self-organization. The first contribution is a MAC Layer implementation of OLSR for Wireless Mesh Networks with consideration of a cross layer approache. The second part presents implementation issues related to WiMFlow, a flow monitoring framework for Wireless Mesh Networks. Finally, in the third part, auto-organized balancing mechanisms of internet traffic over Wireless Mesh Networks are presented.
Perfectly tetragonal, tensile-strained Ge on Ge1−ySny buffered Si(100) (2007)

High-quality, tensile-strained Ge layers with variable thickness (&amp;gt;30nm) have been deposited at low temperature (350–380°C) on Si(100) via fully relaxed Ge1−ySny buffers. The precise strain state of the epilayers is controlled by varying the Sn content of the buffer, yielding tunable tensile strains up to 0.25% for y=0.025. Combined Raman analysis and high resolution x-ray diffraction using multiple off-axis reflections reveal unequivocally that the symmetry of tensile Ge is perfectly tetragonal, while the strain state of the buffer (∼200nm thick) remains essentially unchanged. A downshift of the direct gap consistent with tensile strain has been observed.
Implementing a Raman silicon nanocavity laser for integrated optical circuits by using a (100) SOI wafer with a 45-degree-rotated top silicon layer (2019)

Raman silicon (Si) lasers based on high-quality-factor photonic crystal nanocavities are very compact and can operate at excitation powers of less than one microwatt. For the best performance, the nanocavity of the Raman Si laser has to be fabricated along the [100] crystal direction of the Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafer to enhance the Raman gain. On the other hand, Si photonic devices are usually fabricated along the [110] direction because crystalline Si can be easily cleaved along [110]. This rotation by 45 degrees of the nanocavity with respect to the cleavable direction can be problematic for various applications. Here we report a Raman Si nanocavity laser fabricated on a modified (100) SOI wafer in which the crystal orientation of the top Si layer is rotated in plane by 45 degrees relative to the crystal direction of the support substrate. We observe room temperature continuous wave laser oscillation with a sub-microwatt threshold and a maximum energy efficiency of 5.6%. It is found that the photonic-slab warpage induced by compressive stress is reduced in this 45°-rotated SOI wafer.
Photochemical inactivation of chikungunya virus in plasma and platelets using the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology system (2012)

These data indicate that the Mirasol PRT system efficiently inactivated live CHIKV in plasma and PLTs and could therefore potentially be used to prevent CHIKV transmission through the blood supply.
Epitaxial Atomic Layer Deposition of Sn-Doped Indium Oxide (2015)

Coherently strained, epitaxial Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) thin films were fabricated at temperatures as low as 250 °C using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on (001)-, (011)-, and (111)-oriented single-crystal Y-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) substrates. Resultant films possess cube-on-cube epitaxial relationships with the underlying YSZ substrates and are smooth, highly conductive, and optically transparent. This epitaxial ALD approach is favorable compared to many conventional growth techniques as it is a large-scale synthesis method that does not necessitate the use of high temperatures or ultrahigh vacuum. These films may prove valuable as a conductive growth template in areas where high-quality crystalline thin film substrates are important, such as solar energy materials, light-emitting diodes, or wide bandgap semiconductors. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of this ALD system as an excellent model system for the study of ALD surface chemistry, nucleation, and film growth.
Zwitterionic Stabilization of a Reactive Cobalt Tris‐Isocyanide Monoanion by Cation Coordination (2012)

A break with tradition: The cation, [Ph3PNPPh3]+ ([PPN]+), was found to provide a stabilizing η2-arene interaction to the coordinatively unsaturated, tris-isocyanide monoanion, [Co(CNArMes2)3]−(ArMes2=2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)C6H3); Co=purple, N=light purple, and P=orange). The resulting zwitterion is a source of [Co(CNArMes2)3]− anions, performing nucleophilic additions, carbon–element bond activations, and multistep decarbonylations. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tractable simulation of error correction with honest approximations to realistic fault models (2014)

In previous work, we proposed a method for leveraging efficient classical simulation algorithms to aid in the analysis of large-scale fault-tolerant circuits implemented on hypothetical quantum information processors. Here, we extend those results by numerically studying the efficacy of this proposal as a tool for understanding the performance of an error-correction gadget implemented with fault models derived from physical simulations. Our approach is to approximate the arbitrary error maps that arise from realistic physical models with errors that are amenable to a particular classical simulation algorithm in an ``honest'' way; that is, such that we do not underestimate the faults introduced by our physical models. In all cases, our approximations provide an ``honest representation'' of the performance of the circuit composed of the original errors. This numerical evidence supports the use of our method as a way to understand the feasibility of an implementation of quantum information processing given a characterization of the underlying physical processes in experimentally accessible examples.
Automated segmentation of outer retinal layers in macular OCT images of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (2011)

To provide a tool for quantifying the effects of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) seen on spectral domain optical coherence tomography images, an automated layer segmentation algorithm was developed. This algorithm, based on dual-gradient information and a shortest path search strategy, delineates the inner limiting membrane and three outer retinal boundaries in optical coherence tomography images from RP patients. In addition, an automated inner segment (IS)/outer segment (OS) contour detection method based on the segmentation results is proposed to quantify the locus of points at which the OS thickness goes to zero in a 3D volume scan. The segmentation algorithm and the IS/OS contour were validated with manual segmentation data. The segmentation and IS/OS contour results on repeated measures showed good within-day repeatability, while the results on data acquired on average 22.5 months afterward demonstrated a possible means to follow disease progression. In particular, the automatically generated IS/OS contour provided a possible objective structural marker for RP progression.
A Reconfigurable Pipelined ADC in 0.18μm CMOS (2005)

A reconfigurable pipelined A/D converter has been implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m RF-CMOS process. The ADC has eight configurations with a top performance of 10 bits resolution at 80 MSPS consuming 94mW. The reconfigurability is achieved by combining the cyclic and pipelined ADC architectures giving it a low level of complexity. In the conventional pipeline mode, the measured SFDR is 69 dBFS and the SNDR is 56.5 dBc for a 1.54 MHz single sinusoid tone input.
Bistable FLCOS devices for doubled‐brightness micro‐projectors (2009)

Abstract— Optical output is of paramount importance to emerging ultra‐miniature projector products. Experimental bistable ferroelectric liquid‐crystal‐on‐silicon (FLCOS) projection microdisplay devices using newly developed FLC materials aligned on obliquely deposited SiO 2 have been developed. These devices enable the doubling of the illumination duty cycle, and hence doubling of the achievable projector light output, while maintaining a DC‐balanced electrical drive.