gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis Non–A, Non–B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus in Lyophilized Antihemophilic Factor: Relative Sensitivity to Heat (1985)

Lyophilized plasma derivatives are more stable to heat than when they are in the liquid state. Commercial Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) was seeded with a measured quantity of hepatitis B virus. The contaminated material was then lyophilized and subjected to heat of 60 degrees C for 30 hr. Chimpanzees were inoculated with the heat-treated antihemophilic factor or sham-treated antihemophilic factor that had been held at 4 degrees C. Surprisingly, hepatitis B virus survived the heating procedure with no apparent loss in titer: the incubation period to appearance of HBsAg was that expected for the challenge dose of virus. Even more surprising, one chimpanzee (the recipient of the unheated antihemophilic factor) also developed non-A, non-B hepatitis and two chimpanzees (recipients of the heated antihemophilic factor) also developed delta hepatitis. Neither of these agents was a contaminant of the hepatitis B virus challenge pool, since the purity of this hepatitis B virus pool was established previously in chimpanzees. Thus, both a non-A, non-B agent and the delta agent apparently contaminated the commercial antihemophilic factor. This is the first direct evidence for contamination of antihemophilic factor with the delta agent and confirms previous seroepidemiologic evidence for its presence in pooled plasma derivatives. Subsequent inactivation studies were performed with antihemophilic factor experimentally contaminated with the Hutchinson strain of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus. In these studies, heating at 60 degrees C for 30 hr in the dry state rendered antihemophilic factor free of detectable non-A, non-B hepatitis virus.
Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey (2022)

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) traditionally have certain limited applications. However, the recent technological advancements and manufacturing cost reduction opened up myriad applications of NTNs for 5G and beyond networks, especially when integrated into terrestrial networks (TNs). This article comprehensively surveys the evolution of NTNs highlighting their relevance to 5G networks and essentially, how it will play a pivotal role in the development of 6G ecosystem. We discuss important features of NTNs integration into TNs and the synergies by delving into the new range of services and use cases, various architectures, technological enablers, and higher layer aspects pertinent to NTNs integration. Moreover, we review the corresponding challenges arising from the technical peculiarities and the new approaches being adopted to develop efficient integrated ground-air-space (GAS) networks. Our survey further includes the major progress and outcomes from academic research as well as industrial efforts representing the main industrial trends, field trials, and prototyping towards the 6G networks.
Ghost hunters (2016)

This paper presents the current status of work-in-progress in developing Ghost Hunters that is targeted to explore the possibilities of incorporating gesture control and ambient lighting in a mobile augmented reality game played with smart glasses. We present the design and implementation of the current prototype, together with a small feasibility evaluation of battery consumption and gesture control.
Development of 38GHz-band wireless communication system using high altitude platform station (HAPS) for 5G network--study on delay calibration of full digital beamforming for HAPS with base station on-board-- (2022)

HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) is expected to extend the communication coverage in the era of beyond 5G. This paper treats a HAPS backhaul system using 38GHz band with base station on-board. In this target system, huge number of antenna array elements for beamforming is needed to compensate free space loss in 38GHz band, and full digital beamforming is desired to connect multiple ground stations for feeder and service links at the same time. Real-time phase coherency calibration to directly measure in-band characteristics in 38GHz band is desired for every array antenna element in very low temperature and very low atmospheric pressure at stratosphere to achieve good beamforming performance. It is technically challenging because of huge number of array antenna element. In our previous work, we proposed real-time phase coherency calibration to directly measure in-band characteristics in 38GHz band without interrupting to transmit main signal by superimposing known spread spectrum signal with low power level. However, in addition, delay differences within one sample among antenna elements cause in-band phase slope within wide bandwidth and lead to bad beamforming performance. This paper proposes delay calibration utilizing many common parts of real-time phase coherency calibration in our previous work. Computer simulation shows that “early - late” correlation, whose sample timings are +/-1.0 sample from the center respectively, has precise linearity for calibration signal plus 5G NR signal. Based on the linearity, the amount of delay estimation within one sample is possible by using a look up table.
Changes in Structure and Reactivity of Soot during Oxidation and Gasification by Oxygen, Studied by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Temperature Programmed Oxidation (2008)

Micro-Raman spectroscopy (micro-RS) and Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO) combined with FTIR gas analysis have been used to determine structural changes and oxidation behavior in samples of spark discharge (GfG) and heavy duty engine (EURO IV) soot upon oxidation by oxygen in a temperature range between 293 K and 873 K. Raman spectra of soot and FTIR spectra of oxidation products have been recorded before and during the oxidation process. For micro-RS analysis spectral parameters have been determined by a five band curve fitting procedure (G, D1–D4). For GfG soot the relative intensity of D3 band is decreasing and the two observed Raman peaks are getting more separated during the TPO. This suggests a rapid preferential oxidation of highly reactive amorphous carbon. The decrease of the D1 band width indicates a decrease of chemical heterogeneity and an increase of structural order upon oxidation. Changes in Raman spectroscopic parameters are in good agreement with the behavior of soot during oxidation determined by CO2 emission with FTIR. In contrast to GfG soot the spectral parameters of EURO IV soot remained mostly unchanged during the oxidation process, so that EURO IV soot shows just minor changes in structure upon oxidation. Overall Raman spectroscopic parameters provide information about changes in structural order of graphitic and amorphous carbon fractions during oxidation and can be used to analyze oxidation readiness of soot. Thus micro-Raman spectroscopy may become a rapid analytical tool for the determination of soot reactivity by analysis of the structure.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of [superscript 17] O: Direct Polarization (2013)

Dynamic nuclear polarization of [superscript 17]O was studied using four different polarizing agents: the biradical TOTAPOL and the monoradicals trityl and SA-BDPA, as well as a mixture of the latter two. Field profiles, DNP mechanisms, and enhancements were measured to better understand and optimize directly polarizing this low-gamma quadrupolar nucleus using both mono- and biradical polarizing agents. Enhancements were recorded at <88 K and were >100 using the trityl (OX063) radical and <10 with the other polarizing agents. The >10 000-fold savings in acquisition time enabled a series of biologically relevant small molecules to be studied with small sample sizes and the measurement of various quadrupolar parameters. The results are discussed with comparison to room temperature studies and GIPAW quantum chemical calculations. These experimental results illustrate the strength of high field DNP and the importance of radical selection for studying low-gamma nuclei.
Stereoselective and regioselective Lewis acid catalyzed ene reactions of .alpha.-substituted acrylate esters (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective and regioselective Lewis acid catalyzed ene reactions of .alpha.-substituted acrylate estersJohn V. Duncia, Peter T. Lansbury Jr., Timothy Miller, and Barry B. SniderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 7, 1930–1936Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00371a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00371a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Data-driven voice soruce waveform modelling (2009)

This paper presents a data-driven approach to the modelling of voice source waveforms. The voice source is a signal that is estimated by inverse-filtering speech signals with an estimate of the vocal tract filter. It is used in speech analysis, synthesis, recognition and coding to decompose a speech signal into its source and vocal tract filter components. Existing approaches parameterize the voice source signal with physically- or mathematically-motivated models. Though the models are well-defined, estimation of their parameters is not well understood and few are capable of reproducing the large variety of voice source waveforms. Here we present a data-driven approach to classify types of voice source waveforms based upon their mel frequency cepstrum coefficients with Gaussian mixture modelling. A set of ldquoprototyperdquo waveform classes is derived from a weighted average of voice source cycles from real data. An unknown speech signal is then decomposed into its prototype components and resynthesized. Results indicate that with sixteen voice source classes, low resynthesis errors can be achieved.
Extremely Transparent and Conductive ZnO:Al Thin Films Prepared by Photo-Assisted Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (photo-MOCVD) Using AlCl3(6H2O) as New Doping Material (1997)

Extremely transparent and conductive ZnO:Al thin films were successfully prepared by a photo-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (photo-MOCVD) technique at a temperature of 140° C using diethylzinc and H 2 O as source materials. The vapor from an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride hydrate ( AlCl 3 (6H 2 O)) was used as a doping gas. ZnO:Al thin films with a minimum resistivity of 6.22×10 -4 Ω cm were obtained. Their total transmittance at 550 nm was 91%. Moreover, the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 1200 nm was over 91%. The new Al-doping method using AlCl 3 (6H 2 O) by the photo-MOCVD, proposed for the first time in this study, is economical as well as safe, and high-quality ZnO:Al can be successfully applied to a transparent conductive electrode for large area thin-film solar cells.
Trigonal-bipyramidal methyl group bridging two zirconocene-ketene centers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrigonal-bipyramidal methyl group bridging two zirconocene-ketene centersRobert M. Waymouth, Bernard D. Santarsiero, and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 14, 4050–4051Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00326a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00326a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An auction-based flexible pricing scheme for renegotiated QoS connections and its evaluation (2003)

This work presents a new renegotiated flexibly-priced communication service. The service is based on a novel auction-based flexible pricing scheme, where the flexibility is expressed in terms of client-supplied budget functions that represent the upper bound on the bandwidth unit price the client is willing to pay, as a function of time. This flexibility allows for the admission control and the bandwidth maintenance policies of the scheme to be decentralized. The policies are implemented by the involved switches in a distributed fashion, such that the clients do not need to participate so long as their budget functions remain competitive. We define four measures of flow satisfaction in terms of the quality and the price. We have performed a comprehensive simulation study of the scheme that confirms its positive qualities. One of the main observations is that clients benefit financially when choosing flexible budget functions, when compared to clients that use fixed budget functions and that achieve similar quality of service. Flexible flows achieving 90% throughput satisfaction can save from 7% to 12% in bandwidth unit price, and flows that may be content with lower satisfaction can save up to 46%.
<p>Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Colorectal Cancer Patients Using the Vietnamese Value Set of the EQ-5D-5L</p> (2020)

Patients in advanced CRC stages or undergoing surgery experienced lower HRQoL and higher prevalence of anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort. Older age and high educational attainment predicted high HRQoL. This study provides information on CRC patients' health utility based on various patient characteristics, which can be used in future economic evaluations.
Microbiologic Diagnosis of Prosthetic Shoulder Infection by Use of Implant Sonication (2009)

We recently described a sonication technique for the diagnosis of prosthetic knee and hip infections. We compared periprosthetic tissue culture to implant sonication followed by sonicate fluid culture for the diagnosis of prosthetic shoulder infection. One hundred thirty-six patients undergoing arthroplasty revision or resection were studied; 33 had definite prosthetic shoulder infections and 2 had probable prosthetic shoulder infections. Sonicate fluid culture was more sensitive than periprosthetic tissue culture for the detection of definite prosthetic shoulder infection (66.7 and 54.5%, respectively; P = 0.046). The specificities were similar (98.0% and 95.1%, respectively; P = 0.26). Propionibacterium acnes was the commonest species detected among culture-positive definite prosthetic shoulder infection cases by periprosthetic tissue culture (38.9%) and sonicate fluid culture (40.9%). All subjects from whom P. acnes was isolated from sonicate fluid were male. We conclude that sonicate fluid culture is useful for the diagnosis of prosthetic shoulder infection.
Aging and Pulmonary Fibrosis (2016)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and usually fatal lung disorder of unknown etiology. The disease likely results from the interaction of genetic susceptibility architecture, environmental factors such as smoking, and an abnormal epigenetic reprogramming that leads to a complex pathogenesis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis occurs in middle-aged and mainly elderly adults, and in this context age has emerged as its strongest risk factor. However, the mechanisms linking it to aging are uncertain. Recently, nine molecular and cellular hallmarks of aging have been proposed: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. In this review, we provide an overview of these molecular mechanisms and their involvement in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, while emphasizing that the studies on this disease are few and the findings are not definitive.
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of High Al Composition AlGaN Alloys on Deep Grooved SiC Substrates (2005)

Fully coalesced Al 0.93 Ga 0.07 N films were demonstrated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on deep grooved SiC substrates. Lateral Al 0.93 Ga 0.07 N growth was achieved at low V/III ratios during growth. The deep grooves enabled coalescence despite of parasitic growth in the trenches. Dislocation reduction in the overgrown regions of the films was observed by transition electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
MIDAS:AnImpactScaleforDDoS attacks (2007)

We usually havewell-defined classification scales toestimate theintensity andimpactofnatural disasters. Prominent examples aretheRichter andtheFujita scales for measuring earthquakes andtornadoes respectively. Inthis pa- per, weapplysimilar ideas toestimate theimpact ofdistributed denial ofservice (DDoS) attacks fromtheperspective ofnetwork operators. Devising sucha classification scaleimproves our understanding ofDDoSattacks byassessing theactual damage incurred fromanISP'sperspective, andallows comparison ofvarious mitigation strategies. We havedesigned MIDAS,a DDoSimpact scale, basedontheeconomic impact ofaDDoS attack, calculated using economic andnetwork data. We then present anapproximation oftheMIDASscale thatrelies onlyon network measurements foreaseofcomputation. Todemonstrate theusefulness ofthescale, weperform sensitivity analysis to qualitatively validate themagnitude ofthescale value fordiverse attacks. I.INTRODUCTION Distributed denial ofservice (DDoS)attacks arebecoming increasingly common(1). Eventhough DDoSattacks tar- getendhosts, networks havetodealwithincreased traf- ficdemandsduring attacks. Inthiswork,we address the economic impact ofDDoSattacks andprovide anetwork centric MeasureofImpact ofDDoSAttackS (MIDAS) scale similar tosystems usedtoclassify theimpact ofearthquakes andtornadoes. Ourmotivation isthatsuchaclassification schemecanbeusedbyanynetwork operator toassess the severity ofaDDoSattack, andallow comparisons. Currently, acommonwayofcharacterizing DDoSattacks isinterms ofmeasures suchaspackets persecond (pps) orbitsper second (bps). Suchsimple measures aremisleading as,for instance, a100Mbps attack against awell-provisioned server inadatacenter isnegligible inimpact compared tothesame attack against anend-host connected through acable modem. Makingtheclassification concrete intermsoftheactual economic impact increases incentives toproactively mitigate DDoSattacks fromanoperator's perspective. Furthermore, aclassification schemewill leadtoimproved understanding oftheproperties ofDDoSattacks that havedirect impact on thenetworks. Ultimately, suchaschemeprovides valuable insights into evaluating anddesigning mitigation schemes. Tworeal world examples that inspire ourapproach, namely theRichter scale forearthquakes andtheFujita scale for tornadoes, serve toillustrate twodifferent approaches: mea- suring attributes oftheeventdirectly, versus, measuring theimpact oftheevent. TheRichter scale measures the magnitude ofanearthquake byestimating theenergy released fromthemotion oftectonic plates. Thatis,itmeasures the sizeofanearthquake, regardless ofwhether itcaused any damage ornot.TheFujita scale, ontheother hand, estimates theactual damagecaused byatornado basedonsurveys conducted afterward. Ittherefore estimates theimpact ofa tornado rather thanthesize. Soforexample, alarge tornado
Design and Evaluation of a Computer-Controlled Pressure Algometer (2011)

A challenge is always presented when attempting to measure the pain an individual patient experiences. Unfortunately, present technologies rely nearly exclusively on subjective techniques. Using these current techniques, a physician may use a manually operated algometer and a series of questionnaires to gauge an individual patient’s pain scale. Unfortunately these devices and test methods have been suggested to introduce error due to variability and inconsistent testing methods. Some studies have shown large variability, while others have shown minimal variability, both between patients and within the same patient during multiple testing sessions. Recent studies have also shown a lack of correlation between pain threshold and pain tolerance in pain sensitivity tests. Hand-held algometer devices can be difficult to maintain consistent application rates over multiple test periods, possibly adding to widespread variability. Furthermore, there are limited test results that correlate pain ratings with biological measures in real time. The computer-controlled pressure algometer described is not hand-held or dependent on significant examiner input. This new device is capable of recording electrocardiograph (ECG), blood pressure (BP), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pressure pain tolerance (PPTol) in real time. One major goal is the capability of correlating pain stimuli with algometer pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure. If a predictable correlation between vital signs and pain could be established, significant gains in the understanding of pain could result. Better understanding of pain will ultimately lead to improvements in treatment and diagnosis of pain conditions, helping patients and physicians alike.
Multicomponent Reactions as a Powerful Tool for Generic Drug Synthesis (2008)

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are not only a powerful tool for drug discovery, they also represent an excellent methodology for synthesis rationalization. Here we wish to illustrate the potential of MCRs in the production of generic drugs by synthesizing, in racemic form, the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel and the non-steroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide, using Ugi, Petasis and Passerini reactions.