gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of a liquid crystal television used as an arbitrary quasi-phase modulator (1999)

Liquid -crystal televisions are inexpensive display devices that can be used as arbitrary quasi -phase modulators to achieve arbitrary wavefront shapes. these are limited only by the available modulation depth and resolution. We discuss the properties of these devices and then demonstrate four applications of a particular liquid-crystal television: an active lens system, programmable optical image processing experiments, the resolution enhancement of an image sensor, and the measurement of the sensitivity of heterodyne detection to wavefront aberrations.
DNA Methylation Markers for Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma: Discovery, Validation, and Clinical Testing in Biliary Brushings and Plasma (2021)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has poor prognosis due to late-stage, symptomatic presentation. Altered DNA methylation markers may improve diagnosis of CCA. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from frozen CCA tissues and matched to adjacent benign biliary epithelia or liver parenchyma. Methylated DNA markers (MDMs) identified from sequenced differentially methylated regions were selected for biological validation on DNA from independent formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CCA tumors and adjacent hepatobiliary control tissues using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Selected MDMs were then blindly assayed on DNA extracted from independent archival biliary brushing specimens, including 12 perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, 4 distal cholangiocarcinoma cases, and 18 controls. Next, MDMs were blindly assayed on plasma DNA from patients with extrahepatic CCA (eCCA), including 54 perihilar CCA and 5 distal CCA cases and 95 healthy and 22 primary sclerosing cholangitis controls, balanced for age and sex. From more than 3,600 MDMs discovered in frozen tissues, 39 were tested in independent samples. In the clinical pilot of 16 MDMs on cytology brushings, methylated <i>EMX1</i> (empty spiracles homeobox 1) had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.0). In the clinical pilot on plasma, a cross-validated recursive partitioning tree prediction model from nine MDMs was accurate for <i>de novo</i> eCCA (AUC, 0.88 [0.81-0.95]) but not for primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated eCCA (AUC, 0.54 [0.35-0.73]). <i>Conclusion</i>: Next-generation DNA sequencing yielded highly discriminant methylation markers for CCA. Confirmation of these findings in independent tissues, cytology brushings, and plasma supports further development of DNA methylation to augment diagnosis of CCA.
Asymmetrization of Tetrahydrofuran-2,2-dimethanol Using l-Menthone as a Chiral Template (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAsymmetrization of Tetrahydrofuran-2,2-dimethanol Using l-Menthone as a Chiral TemplateKapa Prasad, Russell L. Underwood, and Oljan RepicView Author Information Chemical Research and Development, Technical R&D, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 59 Route 10, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 1, 384–385Publication Date (Web):January 12, 1996Publication History Received14 August 1995Published online12 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9515034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9515034brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Bond cleavage,Genetics,Lipids,Mixtures,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Dysregulation of the Norepinephrine Transporter Sustains Cortical Hypodopaminergia and Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Neuronal Rictor Null Mice (2010)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) is a multimeric signaling unit that phosphorylates protein kinase B/Akt following hormonal and growth factor stimulation. Defective Akt phosphorylation at the mTORC2-catalyzed Ser473 site has been linked to schizophrenia. While human imaging and animal studies implicate a fundamental role for Akt signaling in prefrontal dopaminergic networks, the molecular mechanisms linking Akt phosphorylation to specific schizophrenia-related neurotransmission abnormalities have not yet been described. Importantly, current understanding of schizophrenia suggests that cortical decreases in DA neurotransmission and content, defined here as cortical hypodopaminergia, contribute to both the cognitive deficits and the negative symptoms characteristic of this disorder. We sought to identify a mechanism linking aberrant Akt signaling to these hallmarks of schizophrenia. We used conditional gene targeting in mice to eliminate the mTORC2 regulatory protein rictor in neurons, leading to impairments in neuronal Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Rictor-null (KO) mice exhibit prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, a schizophrenia-associated behavior. In addition, they show reduced prefrontal dopamine (DA) content, elevated cortical norepinephrine (NE), unaltered cortical serotonin (5-HT), and enhanced expression of the NE transporter (NET). In the cortex, NET takes up both extracellular NE and DA. Thus, we propose that amplified NET function in rictor KO mice enhances accumulation of both NE and DA within the noradrenergic neuron. This phenomenon leads to conversion of DA to NE and ultimately supports both increased NE tissue content as well as a decrease in DA. In support of this hypothesis, NET blockade in rictor KO mice reversed cortical deficits in DA content and PPI, suggesting that dysregulation of DA homeostasis is driven by alteration in NET expression, which we show is ultimately influenced by Akt phosphorylation status. These data illuminate a molecular link, Akt regulation of NET, between the recognized association of Akt signaling deficits in schizophrenia with a specific mechanism for cortical hypodopaminergia and hypofunction. Additionally, our findings identify Akt as a novel modulator of monoamine homeostasis in the cortex.
SAMPL: The Spreading Activation and Memory PLasticity Model (2019)

Abstract We present the Spreading Activation and Memory PLasticity Model (SAMPL), a computational model of how memory retrieval changes memories. SAMPL restructures memory networks as a function of spreading activation and plasticity. Memory networks are represented as graphs of items in which edge weights capture the strength of association between items. When an item is retrieved, activation spreads across nodes depending on edge weights and the strength of initial activation. A non-monotonic plasticity rule, in turn, updates edge weights following activation. SAMPL simulates human memory phenomena across a number of experiments including retrieval induced forgetting, context-based memory enhancement, and memory synchronization in conversational networks. Our results have implications for theorizing memory disorders such as PTSD and designing computationally assisted conversational therapy.
Supplementary Table 1 from Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Inside MicroRNA Target Sites Influence Tumor Susceptibility (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Inside MicroRNA Target Sites Influence Tumor Susceptibility
Photovoltaic heterostructure devices made of sequentially adsorbed poly(phenylene vinylene) and functionalized C60 (2000)

We report on the preparation and characterization of rectifying photovoltaic heterostructure devices made of poly(phenylene vinylene), PPV, and C60. The heterojunctions were built from solution using the technique of layer-by-layer sequential adsorption. This technique permits one to control the heterostructure at the molecular scale. Upon illumination with a laser beam, the devices showed large photoresponses (current and voltage) that resulted from a photoinduced electron transfer between the PPV (donor layer) and the C60 (acceptor layer). The photocurrent was found to increase with the laser power and with the photon energy of the incident radiation. Also, a constant high photovoltage response of ∼700–800 mV was measured. Analysis of the time dependence of the photocurrent rise and decay, when the device was illuminated with a modulated square wave signal (chopped laser beam), permitted us to draw an analogy between the present heterojunction and a circuit made of a capacitor and a resistance in series.
Association between primary open-angle glaucoma and WDR36 DNA sequence variants in Japanese. (2007)

One nonsynonymous variant, p.S664L, and the association of the allelic variants (p.I264V and c.1965-30A>G) in WDR36 and their prevalence in unrelated Japanese patients with HTG suggest that they are probably involved in the pathogenesis of HTG.
Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus (2000)

The surprising finding that the adult hippocampus produces new neurons throughout life has challenged many old views about the brain, because the brain appears to be plastic enough to integrate new neurons. Research on adult hippocampal neurogenesis also allows one to study neuronal stem or progenitor cells in the mature and working brain. It therefore will provide key information necessary for any attempt to use neuronal stem cells in situ to treat neurological disease. Although this new strategy holds great promise, a large number of questions, some of which are discussed herein, remain to be addressed.
A linear iterative algorithm for distributed sensor localization (2008)

This paper presents a distributed sensor localization algorithm with inter-sensor distance information in m-dimensional Euclidean space using only m + 1 anchors (sensors that know their exact locations). Under the assumption that the M sensors (with unknown locations) lie in the convex hull of the m + 1 anchors and the underlying network is connected, we derive a linear algorithm that employs barycentric coordinates and Cayley-Menger determinants. The algorithm is iterative and the iterations on each of the m coordinates (that describe the location of a sensor) are decoupled. The convergence of the algorithm is proved using the results from the theory of absorbing Markov processes. As the algorithm converges, the solution almost surely resides in the subspace spanned by the eigenvectors corresponding to the m+1 anchors. With the locations of these m + 1 anchors known, we achieve a unique solution in that subspace with respect to the locations of the anchors.
Trustworthy geographically fenced hybrid clouds (2014)

Adoption of hybrid clouds by enterprises has been hampered by the inability of current hybrid cloud infrastructures to provide scalable and efficient mechanisms (1) to ensure the trustworthiness and integrity of the software stack executing a hybrid application workload, or (2) to enforce governmental privacy, data jurisdiction and audit regulations by ensuring that remote data and computation do not cross specified geographic boundaries.
In Reply (2013)

Gargiulo, Antonio R. MD; Srouji, Serene S. MD; Vellinga, Thomas MD; Einarsson, Jon I MD; Missmer, Stacey A. ScD; Correia, Katharine F. MA Author Information
A Possible Mechanism of Naproxen‐Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Liver Microsomes (2001)

Previous papers from our laboratory report that naproxen and salicylic acid induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes, however, the mechanism is still unclear. In the present paper, ferrous iron release, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) oxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation have been measured to find out which mechanisms are involved in naproxen- and salicylic acid-induced lipid peroxidation. While the increase of ferrous iron release was observed with high concentrations of naproxen, salicylic acid did not stimulate ferrous iron release. Neither of these drugs stimulated NADPH oxidation and H2O2 formation. However hexobarbital and perfluorohexane, known as uncouplers of cytochrome P450, stimulated microsomal NADPH oxidation, O2 consumption, H2O2 formation and water (H2O) formation involving four-electron oxidase reaction. These results suggest that ferrous iron release contributes to naproxen-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation and that naproxen and salicylic acid are not uncouplers of cytochrome P450. Apparently H2O2 does not play an important role in naproxen- and salicylic acid-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation.
Energy storage using an REP with an engine (2023)

An energy storage system includes a power plant configured to generate an exhaust gas comprising carbon dioxide. The energy storage system further includes a first fuel cell configured to operate in reverse as an electrolyzer. The first fuel cell is configured to receive at least a portion of the exhaust gas from the power plant. An anode is configured to receive carbon dioxide via the exhaust gas and methane from a separate feed, and the anode is configured to output a hydrogen-containing gas mixture. The energy storage system further includes a reformer configured to methanate the hydrogen-containing gas mixture to convert substantially all of the carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas mixture to methane. The energy storage system further includes a second fuel cell operating in reverse as a hydrogen pump, the second fuel cell configured to separate hydrogen from a gas mixture output by the reformer.
204 Students' Recognition on Safety in the Manufacturing Exercize (2001)

At Department of Mechanicl Engineering Tokyo Uriiversity, about 140 students take the subject "Manufacturing Exercize" in one torm. We divide the students into 2 classes, and in each class, 12 groups are constructed, 5 to 6 studente belong to each group. As Campus factory has no sufficient manufacturing machines for these students, students air requested to wait for the other students ezercize. in oder to shoorter thes waiting time, the instructors make a 2 machine parts, In this parper the authors are reporting on Safety in the students' manufacturing Ezercize
Inhibition of Entry of HIV into Cells by Poly(A)·Poly(U) (1993)

Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid referred to as poly(A).poly(U), is a synthetic double-stranded RNA that has been shown to manifest both antitumoral and immunodulatory activities. Previously, we have reported that poly(A).poly(U) inhibits HIV infection in cell cultures. Here we provide direct evidence to demonstrate that the inhibitory action of poly(A).poly(U) is through its capacity to prevent entry of HIV particles into CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Such inhibition of HIV entry is also observed in the case of other polyanions such as heparin, dextran sulfate, and poly(I).poly(C). The mechanism of inhibition appears to occur postbinding of HIV particles to the CD4 receptor molecules, because the binding of the external envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 (gp120) is not affected significantly in the presence of poly(A).poly(U) or other polyanions. These results confirm the potential of poly(A).poly(U) as an antiviral drug against HIV infection.
Pfit Is a Structurally Novel Crohn's Disease-Associated Superantigen (2013)

T cell responses to enteric bacteria are important in inflammatory bowel disease. I2, encoded by the pfiT gene of Pseudomonas fluorescens, is a T-cell superantigen associated with human Crohn's disease. Here we report the crystal structure of pfiT at 1.7Å resolution and provide a functional analysis of the interaction of pfiT and its homolog, PA2885, with human class II MHC. Both pfiT and PA2885 bound to mammalian cells and stimulated the proliferation of human lymphocytes. This binding was greatly inhibited by anti-class II MHC HLA-DR antibodies, and to a lesser extent, by anti HLA-DQ and DP antibodies, indicating that the binding was class II MHC-specific. GST-pfiT efficiently precipitated both endogenous and in vitro purified recombinant HLA-DR1 molecules, indicating that pfiT directly interacted with HLA-DR1. Competition studies revealed that pfiT and the superantigen Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (MAM) competed for binding to HLA-DR, indicating that their binding sites overlap. Structural analyses established that pfiT belongs to the TetR-family of DNA-binding transcription regulators. The distinct structure of pfiT indicates that it represents a new family of T cell superantigens.
Collateral blood flow in segmental intestinal ischemia: effects of vasoactive agents. (1986)

We evaluated the effects of common vasoactive agents on collateral blood flow to an ischemic segment of small intestine and on the hemodynamic determinants of that flow. Two adjacent canine jejunal segments were isolated together, and the artery to each was cannulated for autoperfusion from a femoral and a carotid artery, respectively. Arterial pressure, arterial blood flow into, and venous outflow from each segment was measured separately. Venous pressure was zero. Vascular resistances were calculated. After clamping the arterial circuit to one segment, designated "ischemic," its steady-state venous outflow was taken as the collateral blood flow from the nonischemic into the ischemic segment. Without drugs, collateral blood flow was equal to 29 +/- 4 ml/min X 100 gm or, 56% +/- 8% of normal, well above the level needed to sustain oxygen consumption and thereby prevent ischemic injury. Local intra-arterial infusion of the vasodilators isoproterenol and papaverine not only failed to increase collateral flow but actually caused a small but (with isoproterenol) significant reduction, caused by vasodilation in the nonischemic bed, and a resulting drop in arterial pressure distal to the occlusion in the ischemic segment (i.e., a steal phenomenon). The vasoconstrictors levarterenol and vasopressin also reduced collateral flow but by direct and preferential vasoconstriction of the dilated ischemic bed. These findings suggest that collateral blood flow may be optimal without drugs and is decreased only by vasoactive agents, including vasodilators. This contradicts the rationale for vasodilator therapy for the direct augmentation of collateral blood flow in acute occlusive intestinal ischemia.
IMPAIRED IMMUNE HEALTH IN SURVIVORS OF DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA (DLBCL): A LARGE POPULATION‐BASED STUDY (2019)

Introduction: Improved outcomes in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) have led to a growing number of survivors. Treatments for DLBCL and the disease itself affect the immune system, yet little is known about the immune health of survivors. We investigated whether DLBCL survivors have altered risk of developing autoimmune or infectious conditions during survivorship. Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared 21,690 DLBCL survivors to survivor cohorts of breast, prostate, head and neck cancer, and melanoma in the California Cancer Registry (CCR). We linked records from the CCR to a statewide database recording diagnoses from inpatient and certain outpatient encounters to investigate the incidence of 43 pre-specified autoimmune conditions, immune deficiencies and infections, occurring between 1-10 years after cancer diagnosis. If an observed condition had also been recorded prior to or within 1 year of cancer diagnosis, it was excluded. We used multivariable Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and year of diagnosis, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each condition comparing DLBCL survivors to each of the other cohorts. We also estimated the cumulative incidence of selected conditions over 10 years, accounting for death as a competing risk. We performed sensitivity analyses excluding patients with stem cell transplant (SCT), limiting comparison to a cohort that had uniformly received systemic chemotherapy, and restricting the analysis to a later survivorship period (years 5-10). Finally, we expanded the analysis to encompass 595 diagnosis codes for infections, autoimmune disease and immunodeficiencies, grouped into 18 clinical categories. Results: Survivor cohorts were similar with regard to frequency of healthcare encounters and median follow-up time [5.7-8.3 years]. DLBCL survivors had a significantly higher incidence of many immune-related conditions, including humoral deficiency [IRRs 13.5-18.3], autoimmune anemia [IRRs 7.4-13.4], and Sicca syndrome [IRRs 2.8-8.6]), which have been associated with DLBCL previously but here were observed with new onset during survivorship. DLBCL survivors also had elevated rates of infections, notably fungal pneumonias [IRRs 3.9-11.3], viral pneumonias [IRRs 3.9-6.6], and meningitis [IRRs 3.0-5.0]. Sensitivity analyses produced similar results. Finally, a broader assessment of infections, autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies grouped by clinical category found widely increased risk among DLBCL survivors (Figure 1). Keywords: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); immune system; immunosuppression.
Computer-assisted single- or double-cut oblique osteotomies for the correction of lower limb deformities (2007)

Corrective osteotomy interventions on lower extremities are widely accepted procedures for restoring axial alignment of lower limbs. However, some studies reveal failure rates of up to 70 per cent in a 10 year time frame, which indicates that the success of corrective osteotomies depends on multiple factors. Based on a comprehensive review of error sources among conventional correction osteotomy interventions, a novel approach was developed in order to reduce these error sources among all clinical working steps (deformity determination, planning, and intra-operative realization). The article describes the implemented methodology for realizing optimal correction osteotomies based on a six-dimensional or 12-dimensional optimization module for single- and double-cut oblique osteotomies. The results show that the realized planning and navigation concept enables reduction in the error sources among the clinical working steps of correction osteotomy interventions.