gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bispecific T cell engager recruits both type 1 NKT and Vγ9Vδ2-T cells for the treatment of CD1d-expressing hematological malignancies (2023)

Bispecific T cell engagers (bsTCEs) hold great promise for cancer treatment but face challenges due to the induction of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), on-target off-tumor toxicity, and the engagement of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells that limit efficacy. The development of Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engagers may overcome these challenges by combining high therapeutic efficacy with limited toxicity. By linking a CD1d-specific single-domain antibody (VHH) to a Vδ2-TCR-specific VHH, we create a bsTCE with trispecific properties, which engages not only Vγ9Vδ2-T cells but also type 1 NKT cells to CD1d<sup>+</sup> tumors and triggers robust proinflammatory cytokine production, effector cell expansion, and target cell lysis in vitro. We show that CD1d is expressed by the majority of patient MM, (myelo)monocytic AML, and CLL cells and that the bsTCE triggers type 1 NKT and Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-mediated antitumor activity against these patient tumor cells and improves survival in in vivo AML, MM, and T-ALL mouse models. Evaluation of a surrogate CD1d-γδ bsTCE in NHPs shows Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engagement and excellent tolerability. Based on these results, CD1d-Vδ2 bsTCE (LAVA-051) is now evaluated in a phase 1/2a study in patients with therapy refractory CLL, MM, or AML.
Quantitative Study of Abdominal Blood Flow Patterns in Patients with Aortic Dissection by 4-Dimensional Flow MRI (2018)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic characteristics of the true lumen (TL) and the false lumen (FL) in 16 patients with aortic dissection (AD) using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thoracic and abdominal computed tomography (CT) angiography. The quantitative parameters that were measured in the TL and FL included velocity and flow. The mean area and regurgitant fraction of the TL were significantly lesser at all four levels (p < 0.05); the average through-plane velocity, peak velocity magnitude, average net flow, peak flow, and net forward volume in the TL were considerably higher (p < 0.05). The intimal entry's size was negatively correlated with the blood flow velocity and flow rate in the TL (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the average through-plane velocity, average net flow, and peak flow in the FL (p < 0.05); the blood flow indices in the TL were enhanced with an increase in the intimal entry numbers (p < 0.05) and the peak flow in the FL was lowered (p = 0.025); if FL thrombosis existed, the average through-plane velocity and peak velocity magnitude in the TL were substantially higher (p < 0.05). 4D flow MRI facilitates qualitative and quantitative analysis of the alterations in the abdominal aortic blood flow patterns.
A 433-MHz SOI CMOS Automatic Impedance Matching Circuit (2018)

This brief describes an integrated system performing automatic matching of antenna impedance, suitable for applications within the 433 MHz ISM band. The detected impedance can be matched to 50 Ω. Consequently the input S-parameter of the antenna can be reduced far below -20 dB. This system has been implemented on a 130-nm CMOS SOI technology process with an integrated π matching network. The design of the chip is focused for measure and correct impedance of the antenna. Both simulation and measured results are presented to validate the methodology.
Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus suis Isolated from Humans (2021)

<i>Streptococcus suis</i> is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 <i>S. suis</i> isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (<i>pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b</i>, and <i>pbp2x</i>). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes <i>tet</i>(O) and <i>ermB</i> were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of <i>S. suis</i> is increasing worldwide; therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.
Antifolate-resistant chinese hamster cells. Evidence from independently derived sublines for the overproduction of two dihydrofolate reductases encoded by different mRNAs. (1980)

A comparison by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins synthesized by antifolate-sensitive (DC-3F) and -resistant (DC-3F/A3 and DC-3F/MQ19) Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells has shown that an apparent molecular weight difference exists between the dihydrofolate reductases overproduced by the resistant sublines. Translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system of polysomal and cytoplasmic mRNAs from the three sublines has shown that the overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase by resistant cells is accompanied by increased levels of dihydrofolate reductase-specific mRNA and that the different molecular weight forms of dihydrofolate reductase are encoded by their respective mRNAs.
3-Allyl-2-hydroxy-5,6,8-trimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (2008)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(16)H(16)O(6), a pair of naphthoquinone rings are linked via O-H⋯O-C hydrogen bonds in a nearly orthogonal arrangement. This dimeric unit is linked to a neighbouring dimer by π-π stacking inter-actions between the naphthoquinone rings, where the distance between the mean plane of the naphtoquinone backbones is 3.468 Å, and O-H⋯O-C hydrogen bonds.
Design of Adsorptive Columns for Specific Pathogen Removal: Application to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (2006)

The removal of pathogens such as toxins, viruses, bacteria, and prions in human blood, mammalian cell culture media, fermentation broths, food items, and water streams has gained increasing importance in ensuring product safety and in combatting acts of terrorism. Adsorption processes can play an important role in removing such pathogens from solution without affecting other desirable components. Adsorptive columns that can remove specific families of pathogens would need to achieve a reduction of several logs in pathogen concentration. This requirement is much more stringent than the normal yield requirements associated with adsorptive separations aimed at product recovery and purification in a process stream. This paper considers the design of an adsorptive column aimed at reducing the concentration of infectious agents from a known volume of solution by several logs in a fixed amount of time. The general rate (GR) model of chromatography is used in the analysis, including all major transport and kinetic steps in the adsorption process. The theory, with no adjustable parameters, is shown to predict with great accuracy the effect of residence time on the log removal of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) from solution using an affinity resin with a small peptide (YYWLHH) that has been found to bind specifically to this toxin.
Defect-induced degradation of rectification properties of aged Pt∕n-InxZn1−xOy Schottky diodes (2008)

In this study, Pt/IZO (InxZn1−xOy) Schottky diodes were fabricated and the degradation phenomenon was investigated. The Pt/IZO Schottky diodes showed a rectifying ratio of 105, however, the electrical properties were degraded with aging. An increase in defect and carrier concentrations was observed from capacitance-voltage analysis and photoluminescence in the aged Pt/IZO Schottky diode. The degradation of the rectifying properties of the aged diodes originates possibly from the electron tunneling due to the increased defect concentrations.
Extracellular vesicles from mature dendritic cells (DC) differentiate monocytes into immature DC (2018)

During inflammation, murine and human monocytes can develop into dendritic cells (DC), but this process is not entirely understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mature human DC (maDC) differentiate peripheral monocytes into immature DC, expressing a unique marker pattern, including 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan), Zbtb46, CD64, and CD14. While EV from both maDC and immature DC differentiated monocytes similar to GM-CSF/IL-4 stimulation, only maDC-EV produced precursors, which upon maturation stimulus developed into T-cell-activating and IL-12p70-secreting maDC. Mechanistically, maDC-EV induced cell signaling through GM-CSF, which was abundant in EV as were IL-4 and other cytokines and chemokines. When injected into the mouse skin, murine maDC-EV attracted immune cells including monocytes that developed activation markers typical for inflammatory cells. Skin-injected EV also reached lymph nodes, causing a similar immune cell infiltration. We conclude that DC-derived EV likely serve to perpetuate an immune reaction and may contribute to chronic inflammation.
Concentration of citrate anticoagulant in peripheral blood progenitor cell collections (1996)

Background: Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection by hemapheresis has become widely used in recent years. For anticoagulation during cytapheresis, citrate solutions, commonly ACD‐A, are used, at a recommended anticoagulant‐to‐whole blood ratio of 1:11 to 1:12. Although the apheresis procedure is generally well tolerated, the most common patient complaints are attributable to transient hypocalcemia, which is a side effect of the citrate anticoagulant. Patients experiencing discomfort due to hypocalcemia are sometimes managed by a decrease in the flow rate of the anticoagulant. Case Reports: Two cases are reported in which seemingly minor reductions in the anticoagulant: whole blood ratio appeared to cause gelation of freezing solution prepared from plasma that was collected in addition to PBPCs for use in the cryopreservation of cells. In both cases, the final ratio of citrate anticoagulant to whole blood was less than 1:12. Gelation occurred when plasma collected under these conditions was used to prepare freezing solution. Conclusion: The addition of heparin to this plasma, or the addition of ACD‐A to correct the anticoagulant:whole blood ratio, prevented the gelation of freezing solution, which suggests that coagulation activation in the autologous plasma specimen was implicated in the subsequent gelation. During cytapheresis for PBPC collection, citrate‐containing anticoagulants should be used at the recommended ratio of 1:12, or with more anticoagulant than usual. Tolerance for a reduced concentration of citrate may be more limited than is generally appreciated. When plasma is collected in addition to PBPCs, heparin should be added to both the cells and the plasma as soon as possible after the collection. Patients undergoing PBPC and stem cell collection should be given supplemental calcium, rather than less anticoagulant, to alleviate the discomfort associated with citrate.
Spreading Dynamics of Surfactant Solutions (1999)

The spreading behavior of microdrops of surfactant solutions at solid surfaces has been studied. The influence on the spreading of different factors, such as the drop lifetime prior to surface contact, surface tension dynamics, surface energy, and surfactant properties, was systematically investigated. The results obtained suggest the existence of two spreading regimes exhibiting different spreading characteristics: In the first, nondiffusive regime, the spreading is very rapid and controlled to different extents by inertia, gravity, and capillarity, depending on the drop size, impact energy, and interfacial tension balance. It is shown in this study that the initial drop surface tension, which is set by the surface tension decay rate and the drop lifetime prior to the surface impact, strongly influences the maximum spreading distance in the nondiffusive spreading regime. The second, diffusion-controlled regime, is characterized by slower concentration-dependent spreading rates. The spreading rate is, here, mainly controlled by the diffusive transport of surfactant to the expanding liquid−vapor interface. In this regime, the drop base radius exhibits an approximate rb2 ∝ t dependence on time. The spreading kinetics at hydrophobic surfaces has been discussed in the framework of a simplified theory. Depending on the assumptions regarding the drop shape, rb5/2 ∝ t to rb2 ∝ t spreading laws are obtained. This agrees reasonably with the experimentally observed relationship.
Natural Organic Matter Removal and Fouling Control in Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration for Water Treatment (2014)

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a primary component of fouling in low-pressure membrane filtration, either solely, or in concert with colloidal particles. Various preventive measures to interfere with NOM fouling have been developed and extensively tested, such as coagulation, oxidation, ion exchange, carbon adsorption, and mineral oxide adsorption. Therefore, this article aims to conduct a literature review covering the topics of low-pressure membrane processes, NOM characteristics and fouling behaviors, and diverse fouling control strategies. In-depth explanations and discussion are made regarding why some treatment options are able to remove NOM from source water, but do not reduce fouling. This review provides insight for hybridized membrane processes with respect to NOM removal and fouling mitigation in water treatment.
Abstract MP30: Circulating Sars-cov-2 Spike Protein 1 Causes Microarteriolar Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction And Enhanced Thromboxane And Endothelin Contractility That Are Prevented By Spironolactone. (2021)

Introduction and hypothesis: Following bodily entry, the SARS-CoV-2 virus undergoes pulmonary replication with release of circulating viral spike protein 1 (SP1) into the bloodstream. Uptake of SP1 by endothelial cells might provoke vascular dysfunction and thrombosis. We hypothesized that spironolactone could prevent microvascular complications from circulating SP1 in COVID-19. Methods: male C57Bl/6 mice received spironolactone (100 mg · kg -1 · d -1 PO x 3d) or vehicle and intravenous injections of recombinant full-length human SP1 (10 μg per mouse) or vehicle. They were euthanized after 3 days. Mesenteric resistant arterioles (n=4 per group) were dissected and mounted on isometric myographs. Acetylcholine-induced EDRF responses and L-NAME-inhibitable NO generation (DAF-FM fluorescence) were studied in pre-constricted vessels and contraction to endothelin 1 (ET1) or thromboxane (U-46, 619) and ET1-induced ROS (PEG-SOD inhibitable ethidium: dihydroethidium fluorescence) were studied by fluorescence microscopy in other vessels. Results: SP1 reduced acetylcholine-induced EDRF (17 ± 3 vs 27 ± 5 % mean ± sem; P &lt; 0.05) and NO generation (0.21 ± 0.03 vs 0.36 ± 0.04, F 1 /F 0 ; P &lt; 0.05) while increasing contraction to ET1 (10 -7 mol·l -1 : 124 ± 13 vs 89 ± 4 %; P &lt; 0.05) and U-46, 619 (10 -6 mol·l -1 :114± 5 vs 87± 6 %; P &lt; 0.05) and ET1-induced ROS generation(0.30± 0.08 vs 0.09± 0.03; P &lt; 0.05). Spironolactone did not modify any of these responses in vessels from normal mice but prevented all the effects of SP1. Conclusion: these preliminary studies provide a novel model to study COVID-19 vasculopathy. They indicate that spironolactone can provide protection from microvascular oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and enhanced contractility and might thereby moderate COVID-19 complications.
A Study on Cognitive Radio Coexisting with Cellular Systems (2008)

Cognitive Radios (CRs) are expected to perform more significant role in the view of efficient utilization of the spectrum resources in the future wireless communication networks. In this paper, a cognitive radio coexisting with cellular systems is proposed. In the case that a cellular system adopts Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) as a multiplexing scheme, the proposed CR terminals communicate in local area on uplink channels of the cellular system with transmission powers that don't interfere with base stations of the cellular system. Alternatively, in the case that a cellular system adopts Time Division Duplex (TDD), the CR terminals communicate on uplink slots of the cellular system. However if mobile terminals in the cellular system are near the CR network, uplink signals from the mobile terminals may interfere with the CR communications. In order to avoid interference from the mobile terminals, the CR terminal performs carrier sense during a beginning part of uplink slot, and only when the level of detected signal is below a threshold, then the CR terminal transmits a signal during the remained period of the uplink slot. In this paper, both the single carrier CR network that uses one frequency channel of the cellular system and the multicarrier CR network that uses multiple frequency channels of the cellular system are considered. The probabilities of successful CR communications, the average throughputs of the CR communications according to the positions of the CR network, and the interference levels from cognitive radio network to base stations of the cellular system are evaluated in the computer simulation then the effectiveness of the proposed network is clarified.
IPv6 Segment Routing Security Considerations (2015)

Segment Routing (SR) allows a node to steer a packet through a
controlled set of instructions, called segments, by prepending a SR
header to the packet. A segment can represent any instruction,
topological or service-based. SR allows to enforce a flow through any
path (topological, or application/service based) while maintaining
per-flow state only at the ingress node to the SR domain. Segment
Routing can be applied to the IPv6 data plane with the addition of a
new type of Routing Extension Header. This document analyzes the
security aspects of the Segment Routing Extension Header (SRH) and how
it is used by SR capable nodes to deliver a secure service.
Large-Scale Test Circuits for High-Speed and Highly Accurate Evaluation of Variability and Noise in Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Electrical Characteristics (2011)

To develop a new process technology for suppressing the variability and noise in metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for large-scale integrated circuits, accurate and rapid measurement test circuits for the evaluation of a large number of MOSFET electrical characteristics were developed. These test circuits contain current-to-voltage conversion circuits and simple scanning circuits in order to achieve rapid and accurate evaluation for a wide range of measurement currents. The test circuits were fabricated and the variabilities and noises in drain–source current, gate leakage current, and p–n junction leakage current were evaluated using a large-scale test circuit.
Comparative biological activities of potent active‐site analogues of α‐melanotropin. Effect of tyrosine substitution at position‐4 (1984)

We have prepared several alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) analogues with tyrosine substituted for methionine at the 4-position and determined their melanotropic activities on the frog (Rana pipiens), lizard (Anolis carolinensis) and S-91 (Cloudman) mouse melanoma adenylate cyclase bioassays. The potencies of Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 and Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 were compared with alpha-MSH and with their corresponding methionine and norleucine substituted analogues. The Tyr-4 analogues were found to be less active than the Nle-4 analogues on both the frog and lizard assays. Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 was found to be less active than Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 on the lizard bioassay, but more active than the longer fragment on the frog skin assay. Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 exhibited extremely prolonged biological activity on frog skin, but not on lizard skin, while the melanotropic activity of Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 was rapidly reversed on both assay systems. The increased potency of Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 over Ac-[Tyr4]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 on frog melanocytes may be related to the fact that the shorter 4-10 analogue exhibits prolonged biological activity. Interestingly, it was found that both Tyr-4 analogues were partial agonists on the mouse melanoma adenylate cyclase bioassay, and stimulated the enzyme to only about 50% of the maximal activity of alpha-MSH. We reported previously that replacement of L-Phe-7 by its D-enantiomer in [Nle4]-alpha-MSH and its Nle-4 containing analogues resulted in peptides with increased potency and in some instances prolonged activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydride transfer reactions of benzylic alcohols catalyzed by acid faujasites (1991)

Abstract Reaction of five benzylic alcohols in solution at 78°C has been performed in the presence of a series of HY zeolites at three different levels of Na + ‐to‐NH 4 + exchange (HY‐21, HY‐50 and HY‐100) and framework Si‐to‐Al ratio (HY‐100, HY‐200 and HY‐400). Dehydration to form a CC double bond is the main primary process for 1‐phenyl‐ and 1,1‐diphenylethanol. Nevertheless, the initial alkenes are unstable, giving rise to the corresponding phenylethanes and, in the case of styrene, also to dimers. In contrast, benzyl alcohol and diphenylmethanol gave equimolar amounts of phenylmethanes and phenyl ketones, by an intermolecular hydride transfer not observed under conventional homogeneous acid catalysis. This process was found to be highly demanding from the point of view of the acid strength of the sites involved. Finally, triphenylmethanol showed a remarkable reluctance to undergo any change, although small amounts of triphenylmethane, benzophenone and 9‐phenyl‐9‐hydroxyfluorene were detected after long reaction times.