gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Posterior fossa abnormalities in high-risk term infants: Comparison of ultrasound and MRI (2013)

Background: On routine cranial ultrasonography (CUS) through the anterior fontanelle (AF), visualization of the posterior fossa (PF) is limited. The mastoid fontanelle (MF) improves detection of PF abnormalities. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of PF abnormalities in high-risk full term infants, using MF-CUS in addition to AF-CUS, and to compare CUS with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Current approaches in the design of ring-based optical networks (2003)

We discuss the problem of designing minimum-cost transport networks using path-protection and shared-protection optical rings. A description of the multi-ring network design problem is provided along with a survey of relevant prior work. We then propose three integer programming formulations for the multi-ring network design problem and discuss their comparative features and drawbacks with reference to some preliminary results obtained. We conclude with a discussion of future work in this area.
Halogen Bonding versus Hydrogen Bonding in Driving Self-Assembly Processes (2000)

Preferential intermolecular recognition is observed when copolymer 3 is formed from a solution containing 1, 2, and 4 (see scheme). This halogen-bonded copolymer is also obtained from crystallization of a mixture of 1 and 2. Thus halogen bonding can be more effective than hydrogen bonding, which is responsible for the formation of copolymer 5 from 1 and 4, in driving the self-assembly of organic derivatives.
Cortisol Alters Gene Expression during Involution of the Rat Ventral Prostate (1989)

The ability of high doses of cortisol to retard the involution process in the rat ventral prostate was related to alterations in the pattern of gene expression. Poly(A)+ RNA preparations from the prostates of noncastrated, castrated, and castrated rats injected daily for 7 days with cortisol were compared by Northern blot hybridizations for the relative expression of genes associated with cell differentiation and maintenance (the C1 prostatic steroid binding protein gene and alpha-tubulin), with cell death (TRPM-2, hsp 70, and c-fos), and with hormone regulation (the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors). As anticipated, the concentration of C1 mRNA in the prostate fell to less than 4% of that in the noncastrated controls within 4 days after castration and was nearly undetectable after 7 days. This decline was retarded by cortisol treatment of 7-day castrated animals which sustained the level of C1 transcripts at approximately 50% of control. While the pattern of expression of alpha-tubulin indicated some minor fluctuations, with the highest level occurring 7 days after castration, the prostates of the cortisol-treated group had essentially the same concentration of this mRNA as the noncastrates. Cortisol also modified the expression of genes associated with prostatic cell death. The large increase in prostatic TRPM-2 mRNA, seen 7 days after castration, was reduced by over 80% after treatment with the glucocorticoid. Although not as abundantly expressed as TRPM-2, the castration-induced levels of transcripts for both hsp 70 and the protooncogene c-fos were substantially reduced by cortisol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Global Gene Expression Responses to Waterlogging in Roots and Leaves of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (2009)

Waterlogging stress causes yield reduction in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A major component of waterlogging stress is the lack of oxygen available to submerged tissues. While changes in expressed protein, gene transcription and metabolite levels have been studied in response to low oxygen stress, little research has been done on molecular responses to waterlogging in cotton. We assessed cotton growth responses to waterlogging and assayed global gene transcription responses in root and leaf cotton tissues of partially submerged plants. Waterlogging caused significant reductions in stem elongation, shoot mass, root mass and leaf number, and altered the expression of 1,012 genes (4% of genes assayed) in root tissue as early as 4 h after flooding. Many of these genes were associated with cell wall modification and growth pathways, glycolysis, fermentation, mitochondrial electron transport and nitrogen metabolism. Waterlogging of plant roots also altered global gene expression in leaf tissues, significantly changing the expression of 1,305 genes (5% of genes assayed) after 24 h of flooding. Genes affected were associated with cell wall growth and modification, tetrapyrrole synthesis, hormone response, starch metabolism and nitrogen metabolism The implications of these results for the development of waterlogging-tolerant cotton are discussed.
Sacrificial Biological Templates for the Formation of Nanostructured Metallic Microshells (2005)

Biologische Template: Diatomeenzellwände wurden mit Metallfilmen überzogen und anschließend aufgelöst, was nanostrukturierte Metallmikroschalen mit den Strukturmerkmalen der Diatomeentemplate lieferte. Wegen ihrer einzigartigen Nanostrukturdetails (siehe Bild) sind diese Mikroschalen nützliche Substrate für die oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500988_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds: Improved Conditions Utilizing Controlled Microwave Heating (2011)

A versatile and rapid microwave-assisted procedure for the palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of heterocycles by aryl bromides and heteroaryl bromides is described. This novel protocol features short coupling times (10-60 min) and low catalyst loadings (1 mol %) and allows the successful arylation of previously unreactive heterocyclic substrates.
Recent progress in high‐efficiency phosphorescent OLED technology (2004)

Abstract— A key performance attribute for widespread commercialization of OLED technology is achieving maximum power efficiency along with color chromaticity and operational lifetime. Towards this goal, phosphorescent‐OLED (PHOLED) devices have demonstrated potential. Recent PHOLED device results show both excellent device efficiencies and long lifetimes towards the commercialization of low power consumption, full color, passive‐ and active‐matrix (both polysilicon and amorphous‐silicon backplane technologies) OLED displays.
Mutual activation of glutamatergic mGlu4 and muscarinic M4 receptors reverses schizophrenia-related changes in rodents (2018)

Based on our results, the simultaneous activation of M<sub>4</sub> and mGlu<sub>4</sub> receptors is beneficial in reversing MK-801- and amphetamine-induced schizophrenia-related changes in animals.
Joint Constrained Bayesian Optimization of Planning, Guidance, Control, and State Estimation of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (2022)

The performance of a guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) heavily depends on the correct tuning of its parameters. Our objective is to automatically tune these parameters with respect to arbitrary high-level control objectives within different operational scenarios. In contrast to literature, an overall tuning is performed for the entire GNC system, which is new in the context of autonomous underwater vehicles. The main challenges in solving the optimization problem are compu-tationally expensive objective function evaluations, crashing simulations due to infeasible parametrization and the numerous tunable parameters (in our case 13). These challenges are met by using constrained Bayesian optimization with crash constraints. The method is demonstrated in simulation on a GNC system of an underactuated miniature AUV designed within the TRIPLE-nanoAUV initiative for exploration of sub-glacial lakes. We quantify the substantial reduction in energy consumption achieved by tuning the overall system. Further-more, different parametrizations are automatically generated for different power consumption functions, robustness, and ac-curacy requirements. E.g. energy consumption can be reduced by~ 28%, if the maximum allowed deviation from the planned path is increased by ~ 65 %. This shows the versatile practical applicability of the optimization-based tuning approach.
Effect of hypermethylation of CCWGG sequences in DNA of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants on their adaptation to salt stress (2006)

Under salt stress conditions, the level of CpNpG-methylation (N is any nucleoside) of the nuclear genome of the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in the CCWGG sequences (W = A or T) increases two-fold and is coupled with hypermethylation of satellite DNA on switching-over of C3-photosynthesis to the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway of carbon dioxide assimilation. The methylation pattern of the CCWGG sequences is not changed in both the 5'-promoter region of the gene of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, the key enzyme of C4-photosynthesis and CAM, and in the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Thus, a specific CpNpG-hypermethylation of satellite DNA has been found under conditions of expression of a new metabolic program. The functional role of the CpNpG-hypermethylation of satellite DNA is probably associated with formation of a specialized chromatin structure simultaneously regulating expression of a large number of genes in the cells of M. crystallinum plants on their adaptation to salt stress and switching-over to CAM metabolism.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Characteristics of a Grounded Slab and a Parallel-Plate Structure using the SDDI Technique (2001)

In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics of a grounded slab and a parallel-plate structure are analyzed by the Spline-type Divided-Difference Interpolation (SDDI) technique.The technique efficiently evaluates the MoM impedance matrix elements of the multifold spectral or spatial domain integrals or summation in integrodifferential equations.The numerical results of the proposed method agree well with those of the corresponding literatures.
Subretinal fluid drainage with the erbium:YAG laser in rabbit eyes. (1997)

These results indicate that the Er:YAG laser may be a clinically useful tool for retinal reattachment surgery.
Tetanus toxoid-specific T cell responses in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (1995)

SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) have repeatedly been shown to produce antigen-specific B cell responses. We have derived tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific human T cell lines from cells of the peritoneal cavity, spleen and lymph nodes of SCID mice reconstituted with human PBL and boosted with TT. Establishment of these cell lines was dependent on the time interval between reconstitution of the mice with human PBL and initiation of lymphocyte cultures in vitro. When lymphocytes were collected from the mice 8 weeks after reconstitution, human lymphocytes with TT-specific proliferative activity in vitro were isolated from the peritoneal cavity and spleen, but long-term cell lines could not be established after repeated lymphocyte stimulation with TT, IL-2 and autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. In contrast, three long-term (> 10 months) TT-specific human T cell lines were established from lymphocytes collected from two of the eight mice in the group 4 weeks after reconstitution. The T cell lines were either CD4+ (two lines derived from peritoneal cavity and lymph node, respectively) or CD8+ (one line derived from spleen) and all expressed CD3, T cell receptor alpha/beta, and human histocompatibility leucocyte class I antigen. The T cell lines, however, lacked cytotoxic, helper and suppressor activities. Thus, SCID mice can support human T cells that actively migrate to various organs and respond to antigenic stimuli both in vivo and in vitro, but these T cells lack characteristic functions.
Cellular stress signaling activates type-I IFN response through FOXO3-regulated lamin posttranslational modification (2021)

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist over the lifespan while encountering constant challenges from age or injury related brain environmental changes like elevated oxidative stress. But how oxidative stress regulates NSPC and its neurogenic differentiation is less clear. Here we report that acutely elevated cellular oxidative stress in NSPCs modulates neurogenic differentiation through induction of Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3)-mediated cGAS/STING and type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. We show that oxidative stress activates FOXO3 and its transcriptional target glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) whose upregulation triggers depletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that reduced intracellular SAM availability disrupts carboxymethylation and maturation of nuclear lamin, which induce cytosolic release of chromatin fragments and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING-IFN-I cascade to suppress neurogenic differentiation. Together, our findings suggest the FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signaling cascade as a critical stress response program that regulates long-term regenerative potential.
The effect of roasted soybeans in the diet of feedlot steers and Synovex-S ear implants on carcass characteristics and estimated composition. (1999)

Beef steer carcasses from three 2 x 2 factorial feeding experiments (Exp. 1, 20 carcasses; Exp. 2 and 3, 19 carcasses each) were evaluated to study the influence of supplementing with roasted soybeans (RSB; 127 degrees C for 10 min) vs soybean meal (SBM) and implanting with the estrogenic growth promoter Synovex-S (SYN, 20 mg estradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone) on carcass merit, composition of dissected 9-10-11th rib section, estimated edible carcass composition, and cooking characteristics of strip loin steaks. In all experiments, steers were fed diets consisting of 15% corn silage, 15% orchardgrass silage, and 70% corn-based concentrate. There were no treatment interactions found in this study. Final BW averaged 480.4, 498.5, and 500.7 kg for Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and hot carcass weights averaged 288.4, 296.4, and 309.1 kg. Across experiments, hot carcass weight was 8.3 kg less (P < .03) for RSB steers than for SBM steers. Fat weight (P < .01) and percentage of fat (P < .01) were less and percentage of bone (P < .04) was greater in the 9-10-11th rib section of RSB steers than of SBM steers. Estimated percentage of fat (P < .02) was less and percentage of bone (P < .04) was greater in edible carcass of RSB steers than in that of SBM steers. Total 9-10-11th rib section weight tended to be less for RSB steers (P < .08) than for SBM steers. Carcass merit measurements were not affected (P > .10) by supplement, but numerically the percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat was 11% greater for RSB steers than for SBM steers in Exp. 2 and 3. Final BW and carcass weight were 38.7 and 22.6 kg greater (P < .01), respectively, for SYN-implanted steers than for steers not implanted. Longissimus muscle area was greater (P < .01), percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (P < .02) was less, USDA quality grade tended to be less (P < .09), and shear force of strip loin was greater (P < .01) for SYN-implanted steers than for steers not implanted. The 9-10-11th rib section and estimated carcass compositions were not different (P > .10) between SYN-implanted steers and steers not implanted but reflected a somewhat leaner carcass. The authors conclude from this study that in feedlot steers, either implanted or not implanted, there is no benefit from supplementing with RSB in place of SBM, and that the use of RSB in place of SBM in feedlot diets may reduce the amount of edible carcass.
On Probing Cometary Magnetic Fields by Measuring Depolarization of Resonance Fluorescence (1968)

It is proposed that cometary fields may be measured through studies of the degree of polarization of molecular resonance fluorescence in comets. The size of the field it is possible to measure depends on the molecular emission system chosen. In particular, it would appear that studies of polarization in OH fluorescence could set an upper limit to the cometary magnetic field of the order of a few milligauss
CYTOCHROME P-450 MONOOXYGENASE SYSTEM IN THE RABBIT KIDNEY: ITS INTRANEPHRON LOCALIZATION AND ITS INDUCTION (1983)

Two components of the renal cytochrome P-450 (P-450) monooxygenase system, P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c (cyt. c) reductase, were estimated using rabbit kidney slices and isolated nephron segments. Renal P-450 was distributed in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of both slices and nephron segments. P-450 (mitochondrial plus microsomal) was localized exclusively in the proximal tubule, with the highest activity in the S2 portion (18.14 +/- 5.47 fmoles/mm, 134.4 fmoles/micrograms protein). Intraperitoneal injection of 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene (BP) induced a 2-fold increase of only the microsomal P-450. The intraproximal site of BP action was localized in a definite portion, a segment 3 to 6 mm distant from the glomerulus (49.0 +/- 7.7 to 103.9 +/- 3.5 fmoles/micrograms protein), suggesting that inducible P-450 molecules may be enriched in this portion. Multiplicity of renal P-450 could be demonstrated electrophoretically. Comparison of the pattern from BP treated rabbits with control hemeprotein indicated that BP induced a higher molecular weight P-450. The highest concentrations of NADPH-cyt. c reductase were distributed in the cortical microsomes, although it was also detectable in the papilla. The reductase was distributed along the entire single nephron, with highest concentrations in the S2 portion of the proximal tubule. In conclusion, the P-450 monooxygenase system is localized in the proximal tubule and in the control condition, the highest activity is found in the S2 portion.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminopiperidine‐Fused Imidazoles as Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐IV Inhibitors. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Achieving Zonal Isolation Using Automated Managed Pressure Cementing (2016)

Abstract With more wells drilled into hydrocarbon bearing formations, operators are forced to drill into challenging plays with narrow pressure margins. Successful drilling in depleted zones with isolated, high-pressured fractures is difficult and requires managed pressure drilling (MPD). Once the well is drilled, the operator should achieve zonal isolation by pumping cement across the zones of concern without inducing lost circulation or gains. Managed pressure cementing (MPC) pumps cement in a hydrostatically underbalanced environment with pressure applied at surface using an automated choke system (ACS) to maintain a target equivalent circulating density (ECD) between the highest pore pressure (PP) and the lowest fracture gradient (FG) of the well. Communication between cementing operations and MPD software allows automatic system adjustment without manual input. The MPD hydraulic model tracks multiple fluids with different densities, rates, and rheological properties throughout the wellbore. A rig pump diverter (RPD) allows for constant bottomhole pressure (BHP) by manipulating the surface choke pressure if unplanned shutdowns occur. Successful MPC operations have been conducted using the ACS in the Paradox Basin with narrow pressure windows and in the Piceance Basin with high reservoir pressure zones. The nature of cement operations can be unpredictable, but through the automatic managed pressure cementing (AMPC) process, a target ECD can be identified and constant BHP maintained to design and deliver dependable barriers tailored to minimize risk and maximize production.
ChemInform Abstract: GLASBLDG. IN DEN PSEUDOBINAEREN METALLSELENIDSYST. M(M)SE(N)‐GE(1,5)AS(0,5)SE3 (1972)

Abstract Die Glasbildungsbereiche in den Titelsystemen mit MmSen : PbSe, CdSe, BaSe, ZnSe oder La 2 Se 3 wurden bestimmt.
Dynamic interference management (2013)

As discussed in Chapter 1, heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with low-power nodes (LPNs) are important for improving the capacity and coverage of next generation broadband wireless communication systems. However, interference problems in HCNs pose an important challenge, and thus efficient interference management techniques are required to fully benefit from their deployments. The main contribution of this chapter is to review interference problems and interference management techniques for HCNs. A general notion of macrocell base stations (MBSs) and LPNs is adopted, but the simulations are based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) scenarios with macro eNBs and pico eNBs or femto HeNBs. More specifically, cell-selection and interference coordination methods are discussed, including mechanisms recently proposed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE, and their performances are evaluated through system-level simulations. In such simulations, LTE-specific notation is used, and macrocell user equipment (MUE) and picocell user equipment (PUE) denotes UEs served by macro eNBs and pico eNBs, respectively.
Revised draft recommendation Y.NGN-web : functional requirements and architecture of web service component in NGN (2011)

This contribution is the revised document of Draft Recommendation Y.NGN-Web based on the output document (TD 733 (NGN-GSI)) of NGN-GSI event held in Geneva on May 2011. In this meeting, we would carefully review this revised text for further enhancement in order to request the consent of this document at the next meeting.
The Removal of Silica Particles from Micron Wide Trenches by Megasonic Cleaning (2007)

In order to obtain high yields during IC manufacturing, particles - added during layer deposition, etching … - have to be removed. In order to meet the stringent requirements set by the ITRS roadmap, this cleaning has to occur with minimal substrate etching. This necessitates the use of physically-assisted particle-removal techniques, e.g. megasonic cleaning. These methods are usually evaluated on blanket wafers. However, many cleaning steps occur on patterned wafers. The goal of this paper is to investigate the particle removal efficiency (PRE) for patterned substrates compared to blanket wafers. A full-wafer contamination and detection protocol was developed to evaluate the removal efficiencies of micron-wide trenches. The student-t test reveals a significantly lower PRE for 1μm wide by 2.2 μm deep trenches versus a blanket wafer for megasonic cleaning. This is relevant for STI cleaning and cleaning of dielectric trenches in damascene patterning.
Photonic page buffer based on GaAs multiple-quantum-well modulators bonded directly over active silicon complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits: errata (1996)

Owing to printing errors, [Appl. Opt. 35, 2439 (1996)] several figures were illegible. The figures are reprinted and briefly reviewed.
The Asymmetric Pictet – Spengler Reaction (2010)

Recent advances via internal and external asymmetric induction in the asymmetric Pictet – Spengler reaction employed in the synthesis of indole alkaloids are described. Mechanistic studies on the diastereoselectivity, important reaction intermediates, possible mechanisms of the cis to trans isomerization, as well as recent organocatalytic approaches have been highlighted.