gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles of haemophilia care: The Asia‐Pacific perspective (2018)

Optimal haemophilia care is best established and implemented through a well-coordinated plan guided by clearly defined principles and priorities. A document which enunciates those details is therefore important. A successful example of this approach is the definition of principles of haemophilia care (PHC) outlined by the European Association for Haemophilia and Associated Disorders (EAHAD) and also the World Federation of Hemophilia. A similar document applicable to the Asia-Pacific region must take into account not only the highly varied healthcare systems but also the tremendous socio-economic and cultural diversities which impact provision of such care. The Asia-Pacific Haemophilia Working Group (APHWG), representing the countries in this region, has prepared this perspective of the PHC. While endorsing the overall framework outlined by EAHAD, this APHWG document emphasizes regional priorities on education and training of healthcare personnel in the diagnosis and management of hereditary bleeding disorders. Central coordinating agencies with wide stakeholder input, networks of haemophilia treatment centres and national registries as well as robust processes for procurement and distribution of safe and effective clotting factor concentrates (CFCs), implementation of prophylaxis programmes and management of patients with inhibitors should also be developed. The implementation of these strategies should lead to establishment of good comprehensive care programmes. This document should also be an advocacy tool to lobby for improved care for people with haemophilia (PWH) in the region. We urge national healthcare policy makers to consider these principles and initiate strong and decisive action to reach these goals.
An Oxygen Equilibrium at the Host-Microbial Interface Determined by Phosphorescent Nanoprobe Technology (2012)

BackgroundAlthough the colonic lumen is known to be largely devoid of oxygen, the mechanism by which this anaerobic environment is maintained remains unclear due to the inability of available technology to quantify oxygen in the intestinal tract. Indeed, most microbes in the gut are obligate anaerobes. Accurate quantification of oxygen in the gut is essential to elucidate the host’s relationship with its densely populated intestinal microbial community and may be relevant to various disease states in humans, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For instance, multiple studies have demonstrated significant alterations in the gut microbiota in IBD, notably phylum level increases in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which contain predominantly oxygen tolerant organisms, and a decrease in oxygen-sensitive Firmicutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Barbier‐Type Diastereoselective Allylation of α‐Amino Aldehydes with an Enantiopure 2‐Sulfinylallyl Building Block. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Hole transport in N,N-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine- doped poly(styrene)</title> (1996)

Hole mobilities have been measured in poly(styrene) (PS) doped with N,N-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (ENA). ENA is a weakly polar donor molecule with a dipole moment of 0.86 Debye. The mobilities were unexpectedly high, exceeding 10<SUP>-3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs at high fields. The results are described within the framework of a formalism based on disorder, due to Bassler and coworkers. The formalism is based on the argument that charge transport occurs by hopping through a manifold of localized states that are distributed in energy. The key parameters of the formalism are the energy width of the hoping site manifold, the degree of positional disorder, and the prefactor mobility. For ENA doped PS, the widths are between 0.079 and 0.090 eV, increasing with increasing dilution. The widths are described by an argument based on dipolar disorder. The argument is based on the assumption that the total width is comprised of a dipolar component and a van der Waals component. Due to the very low dipole moment of ENA, the dipolar component is near-zero and the total width determined by the van der Waals component. The degree of positional disorder is between 1.6 and 4.8, increasing with increasing dilution. The prefactor mobilities are between 4.2 multiplied by 10<SUP>-5</SUP> and 1.9 multiplied by 10<SUP>-2</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs, and can be described by a wavefunction decay constant (rho) <SUB>0</SUB> of 1.0 angstrom.
NK Cell Subset Redistribution and Antibody Dependent Activation after Ebola Vaccination in Africans (2022)

Natural killer cells play an important role in the control of viral infections both by regulating acquired immune responses and as potent innate or antibody-mediated cytotoxic effector cells. NK cells have been implicated in control of Ebola virus infections and our previous studies in European trial participants have demonstrated durable activation, proliferation and antibody-dependent NK cell activation after heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccination with adenovirus type 26.ZEBOV followed by modified vaccinia Ankara-BN-Filo. Regional variation in immunity and environmental exposure to pathogens, in particular human cytomegalovirus, have profound impacts on NK cell functional capacity. We therefore assessed the NK cell phenotype and function in African trial participants with universal exposure to HCMV. We demonstrate a significant redistribution of NK cell subsets after vaccine dose two, involving the enrichment of less differentiated CD56<sup>dim</sup>CD57<sup>-</sup> and CD56<sup>dim</sup>FcεR1γ<sup>+</sup> (canonical) cells and the increased proliferation of these subsets. Sera taken after vaccine dose two support robust antibody-dependent NK cell activation in a standard NK cell readout; these responses correlate strongly with the concentration of anti-Ebola glycoprotein specific antibodies. These sera also promote comparable IFN-γ production in autologous NK cells taken at baseline and post-vaccine dose two. However, degranulation responses of post-vaccination NK cells were reduced compared to baseline NK cells and these effects could not be directly attributed to alterations in NK cell phenotype after vaccination. These studies demonstrate consistent changes in NK cell phenotypic composition and robust antibody-dependent NK cell function and reveal novel characteristics of these responses after heterologous two dose Ebola vaccination in African individuals.
Magnetic resonance angiography with hyperpolarized129Xe dissolved in a lipid emulsion (1999)

Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe can be dissolved in biologically compatible lipid emulsions while maintaining sufficient polarization for in vivo vascular imaging. For xenon in Intralipid 30%, in vitro spectroscopy at 2 T yielded a chemical shift of 197 +/- 1 ppm with reference to xenon gas, a spin-lattice relaxation time T1 = 25.3 +/- 2.1 sec, and a T2* time constant of 37 +/- 5 msec. Angiograms of the abdominal and pelvic veins in the rat obtained with 129Xe MRI after intravenous injection of HP 129Xe/Intralipid 30% into the tail demonstrated signal-to-noise ratios between 8 and 29. An analysis of the inflow effect on time-of-flight images of two segments of the inferior vena cava yielded additional information. The mean blood flow velocity was 34.7 +/- 1.0 mm/sec between the junction of the caudal veins and the kidneys and 13.3 +/- 0.8 mm/sec at the position of the diaphragm. The mean volume flow rates in these segments were 7.2 +/- 3.4 ml/min and 11.0 +/- 2.8 ml/min, respectively. Intravenous delivery of HP 129Xe dissolved in a carrier may lead to novel biomedical applications of laser-polarized gases.
DSP 4 You (2004)

Since 1979 saw the design of the first wave of user-programmable DSP chips—the Intel 2920, the NEC µPD7720, and the Bell Labs (AT&amp;T) DSP-1—2004 is a 25th anniversary that’s appropriately celebrated with the collection of articles presented in this month’s ACM Queue.
Ex-Vivo Expansion and mRNA Transfection of Cord Blood Derived Natural Killer Cells with Preserved Cytotoxicity. (2006)

Abstract Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity can control leukemia relapse while protecting patients from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Cord blood (CB) is rich in NK cells with similar properties of proliferation and cytotoxicity as adult blood NK cells. Hence these cells are attractive for developing strategies to eliminate residual disease after cord blood transplant. In this study, CB mononuclear cells were cryopreserved after CD3 depletion performed by immunomagnetic microbead selection (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA). After thawing, cells were plated for NK expansion, with or without a feeder layer of irradiated cord mesenchymal (UCM) cells either from the same (autologous) or from an unrelated (allogeneic) cord donor, with or without IL-2 (1000 IU/ml), IL-15 (10 ng/ml), IL-3 (10ng/ml) and Flt3 (10ng/ml). At a median of 19 days of culture (range 14–21), there was significantly higher expansion (range 3.5–72 fold) of CD56+/CD3− cells with the UCM feeder layer and cytokines compared to controls (mean 21.2 ± 20.8 fold increase vs 1.6 ± 0.9 fold increase with feeder layer only and 1.8 ± 0.89 fold increase with cytokines only, p=0.039 and p=0.041 respectively). There was no significant difference in NK expansion between autologous and allogeneic UCM feeder layers (29.6 ± 26.8 vs. 12.8 ± 8.9 fold, p=0.243). Expanded CB-NK cells were then tested for cytotoxicity against K562 cells using a calorimetric assay with PKH67-GL. CB-NK cells expanded either with autologous or allogeneic UCM feeder layers displayed enhanced cytotoxicity compared to controls plated with cytokines only (91.78±0.7% vs. 82.5±1.8%, p=0.003 and 89±2.3% vs. 83.7±0.18%, p=0.056, respectively). In order to test whether expanded CB-NK cells can be transfected for ultimately targeting malignant cells, we electroporated expanded CB-NK cells with mRNA produced from plasmid GFP-DNA by in vitro transcription. Flow cytometry was used to detect viability, which was 94%, 92% and 93% for non-transfected, GFP-DNA and GFP-mRNA samples respectively. GFP-mRNA expression at 24 hours was significantly higher (range 36.6–50.8%, mean 42.8±5.2%) compared GFP-cDNA controls (mean 4.2±0.35%, p&lt;0.001). Mean GFP-mRNA expression was 35%, 31% and 16.5% at 48, 72 and 144 hours respectively. In summary, CB-NK cells can be effectively expanded with a feeder layer of UCM cells while preserving cytotoxicity and can also be genetically modified by mRNA transfection.
Kinetic analysis of image sticking with adsorption and desorption of ions to a surface of an alignment layer (2012)

Generation of residual direct current (DC) voltage (VrDC) induces a serious image sticking of liquid crystal (LC) displays. VrDC is generated with the ions in a LC layer adsorbing to a surface of an alignment layer under application of DC offset voltage. We clarified the adsorption and desorption of the ions to and from the surface of the alignment layer with a kinetic model proposed by us. The analysis with using the kinetic model made clear that the processes of the adsorption and desorption occur due to the thermal fluctuation followed by the Boltzmann distribution. The ions adsorb to the surface of the alignment layer by a weak binding, such as the van der Waals interaction.
抱歉,圣诞老人,我没时间等你 (2005)

GIVE ME A BREAK.NOT BECAUSE I'm lazy. Notbecause I would like to celebrate Christmas. Notbecause it would be nice to see my family morethan once a year. Not even because I got beaten at OldTrafford.The break is needed to improve the quality ofthe games.……
Two-dimensionally tunable microwave signal generation based on optical frequency-to-time conversion (2010)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-fiber-based approach to generate microwave signals with tunable frequency and pulse width. The adjustable optical power spectrum can be achieved using a spectrum shaper, consisting of a variable differential-group-delay element and a bandwidth-tunable optical filter. Through the frequency-to-time conversion in the dispersive fiber, the frequency and pulse width of the obtained microwave signals can be user defined by modifying the optical spectrum shape.
A geometrical multiscale approach to the evaluation of hemodynamic risk factors for internal carotid artery aneurysm development. (2007)

Abstract In this work we address morphological and fluid‐mechanical features of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) which can be possibly related to the presence and the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. A classification is presented, based on geometrical characteristics (ICA radius and curvature). Fluid dynamics analyses of blood flow in vessels belonging to different classes show significant differences in mechanical behaviour, being the risk of rupture (a dramatic event) potentially quite different among the classes. Classification could have therefore a significant predictive role. Multiscale models can be exploited to take into account the mechanical effects of the circulatory system embodying the pathological vascular district. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Poly(Amido Amine)s Containing Agmatine and Butanol Side Chains as Efficient Gene Carriers (2015)

A new type of bioreducible poly(amido amine) copolymer is synthesized by the Michael addition polymerization of cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA) with 4-aminobutylguanidine (agmatine, AGM) and 4-aminobutanol (ABOL). Since the positively charged guanidinium groups of AGM and the hydroxybutyl groups of ABOL in the side chains have shown to improve the overall transfection efficiency of poly(amido amine)s, it is hypothesized that poly(CBA-ABOL/AGM) synthesized at the optimal ratio of both components would result in high transfection efficiency and minimal toxicity. In this study, a series of the poly(CBA-ABOL/AGM) copolymers is synthesized as gene carriers. The polymers are characterized and luciferase transfection efficiencies of the polymers in various cell lines are investigated to select the ideal ratio between AGM and ABOL. The poly(CBA-ABOL/AGM) containing 80% AGM and 20% ABOL has shown the best transfection efficiency with the lowest cytotoxicity, indicating that this polymer is very promising as a potent and nontoxic gene carrier.
Superoxide-induced massive apoptosis in cultured skin fibroblasts harboring the neurogenic ataxia retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) mutation in the ATPase-6 gene of the mitochondrial DNA (2001)

The oxidative stress resulting from the neurogenic ataxia retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) mutation in the mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene was investigated in cultured skin fibroblasts from two patients presenting an isolated complex V deficiency. Taken as an index for superoxide overproduction, a huge induction of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in these fibroblasts harboring >90% of mutant mitochondrial DNA. The oxidative stress denoted by the high SOD activity was associated with increased cell death. In glucose-rich medium, apoptosis appeared as the main cell death process associated with complex V deficiency. Complex V-deficient fibroblasts, which showed a high SOD induction and stained positive for all studied apoptosis markers, were successfully rescued by perfluoro-tris-phenyl nitrone, an antioxidant spin-trap molecule. This established that the superoxide production associated with the ATPase deficiency triggered by the NARP mutation could be sufficient to override cell antioxidant defenses and to result in cell commitment to die. The potential participation of superoxides and/or their derivatives in the pathogenic mechanism of specific respiratory chain disorders makes them a promising target for therapy.
Single-FPGA 3D ultrasound beamformer (2016)

In medical diagnosis, ultrasound (US) imaging is one of the most common, safe, and powerful techniques. Volumetric (3D) US imaging, an emerging technique, is even more attractive than standard 2D imaging, as it allows for imaging without the local presence of a trained sonographer finely positioning the probe. This would be particularly useful in rescue operations, remote areas and developing countries. Unfortunately, present-day 3D imagers are expensive, bulky and power-hungry, confining them to hospitals. There is therefore a strong motivation to develop efficient electronics to enable a portable US platform that is small, cheap, and battery-operated. Beamforming (BF) is the most computationally expensive of 3D imaging. Both commercial [1] and research [2] imagers have dealt with the challenge by reducing the number of receive channels, hence simplifying the computation through the usage of far fewer elements. This comes at the cost of image quality, and the resulting machines are nonetheless still non-portable and expensive. In turn, the bottleneck of the BF process is the calculation of acoustic delays, which requires up to trillions of square roots per second. We propose a drastically more efficient architecture [3]. With geometric considerations, each delay is calculated from a small set of square roots (mapped onto CORDICs), plus two additions. In this demo, we will show the reconstruction of a 2.5M-voxel volume, supporting a transducer with 32×32 receive channels. We have fitted the architecture into a single Kintex UltraScale KU040 [4], which is unprecedented. We also extrapolated the utilization of a 80×80 instance on a Virtex UltraScale XCVU190 [4]. Table I shows the implementation results. Fig. 1 shows our beamformer custom block connected to the other FPGA subsystems. The delay calculation architecture is shown in Fig. 2. The demo setup is presented in Fig. 3, where the 3D beamformer is implemented on the FPGA, while the pre- and post-processing stages are currently performed on Matlab.
Hierarchical Compressed Sensing for High Frame Rate Tissue Harmonic Imaging (2021)

Conventionally echocardiography uses plane or diverging transmit beams to monitor fast movements of hearts. However, reduced sensitivity and increased near field artifacts limits their applications in deep tissue. Tissue harmonic imaging, using focused ultrasound beams, is capable of improving image quality but is associated with a lower frame rate. In this study, we demonstrate the combination of hierarchical compressed sensing with tissue harmonic imaging enables increase in the frame rate. With 50%, 33.3% and 25% of original A-line number, our proposed method suppressed root mean squared error to 6.3%, 7.6% and 8.3%, respectively. In addition, the method was validated with a custom imaging sequence in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Promoted Intramolecular Addition of an Aryl Iodide to a Nitroalkene. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy: a comparison between homodyne and heterodyne approaches (2006)

In coherent homodyne apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (ASNOM) the background field cannot be fully suppressed because of the interference between the different collected fields, making the images difficult to interpret. We show that implementing the heterodyne version of ASNOM allows one to overcome this issue. We present a comparison between homodyne and heterodyne ASNOM through near-field analysis of gold nanowells, integrated waveguides, and a single evanescent wave generated by total internal reflection. The heterodyne approach allows for the control of the interferometric effect with the background light. In particular, the undesirable background is shown to be replaced by a controlled reference field. As a result, near-field information undetectable by a homodyne ASNOM is extracted by use of the heterodyne approach. Additionally, it is shown that field amplitude and field phase can be detected separately.
InGaN distributed feed back laser with sidewall gratings emitting at 42X nm (2018)

We demonstrate a single wavelength operation from an InGaN/GaN distributed feedback (DFB) blue laser at 42X nm. The 39 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order grating is etched in the sidewall to achieve single wavelength. The laser has a FWHM of ~ 25 pm at 500mA pulsed current with 15 mW output power.
Detection of Species-Specific Lipids by Routine MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry to Unlock the Challenges of Microbial Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2021)

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has revolutionized clinical microbiology diagnostics by delivering accurate, fast, and reliable identification of microorganisms. It is conventionally based on the detection of intracellular molecules, mainly ribosomal proteins, for identification at the species-level and/or genus-level. Nevertheless, for some microorganisms (e.g., for mycobacteria) extensive protocols are necessary in order to extract intracellular proteins, and in some cases a protein-based approach cannot provide sufficient evidence to accurately identify the microorganisms within the same genus (e.g., <i>Shigella</i> sp. vs <i>E. coli</i> and the species of the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex). Consequently lipids, along with proteins are also molecules of interest. Lipids are ubiquitous, but their structural diversity delivers complementary information to the conventional protein-based clinical microbiology matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) based approaches currently used. Lipid modifications, such as the ones found on lipid A related to polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative pathogens (e.g., phosphoethanolamine and aminoarabinose), not only play a role in the detection of microorganisms by routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry but can also be used as a read-out of drug susceptibility. In this review, we will demonstrate that in combination with proteins, lipids are a game-changer in both the rapid detection of pathogens and the determination of their drug susceptibility using routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry systems.
High frequency permittivity determination by spectrasimulation and measurement of microstrip ring resonators (2000)

The S21 spectra of microstrip ring resonators have been measured experimentally and also computed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The dielectric constant of the substrate was determined by fitting the simulation results to the experimental data. The results are more self-consistent than those obtained using the Wheeler-Hammerstad method.
Novel 3D Magnetic Resonance Elastography for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD: A Prospective Study (2016)

Utilizing a prospective study design, we demonstrate that 3D MRE at 40 Hz has the highest diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing NAFLD advanced fibrosis. Both 2D- and 3D-MRE at 60 Hz, the standard shear-wave frequency, are also highly accurate in diagnosing NAFLD advanced fibrosis.