gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zirconium Modification Promotes Catalytic Activity of a Single-Site Cobalt Heterogeneous Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation (2018)

The effect of Zr modification on the catalytic activity of Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> was investigated for nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation. Isolated Zr on SiO<sub>2</sub> surface sites were prepared by organometallic synthesis using Zr(O <sup><i>t</i></sup> Bu)<sub>4</sub> as a precursor. The resulting Zr/SiO<sub>2</sub> support was functionalized with Co<sup>2+</sup> ions via strong electrostatic adsorption. Spectroscopic (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance) and microscopic characterization (transmission electron microscopy, scanning transition electron microscopy) results are consistent with single-site cobalt that preferentially associates with the mono-dispersed Zr at a variety of loadings and Co/Zr ratios. The oxidation state of Co in the as-prepared Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> and Co-Zr/SiO<sub>2</sub> was both +2 with tetrahedral and octahedral geometries, respectively. In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure results confirmed that the oxidation state of Co remained as +2 under reaction condition for both Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> and Co-Zr/SiO<sub>2</sub> samples and both catalysts have tetrahedral Co<sup>2+</sup> as the active catalyst. Despite similar Co coordination environments, the catalytic activity and selectivity was significantly improved by the Zr modification of the silica support versus Co/SiO<sub>2</sub>. This was attributed to the change in oxygen donor ability and Co-O bond strength of the ≡SiO-Zr-O sites of Co-Zr/SiO<sub>2</sub> compared with the ≡SiO- ligands in Co/SiO<sub>2</sub>. These results show that tuning of the support SiO<sub>2</sub> oxygen donation ability by use of an anchoring site (e.g., ≡SiO-Zr-O<sup>-</sup>) can be used to alter both rate and selectivity of propane dehydrogenation with single-site heterogeneous catalysts. These results also show some preference for Co<sup>2+</sup> active sites to associate with ≡SiO-Zr-O<sup>-</sup> sites over ≡SiO-.
Arc evaporated wear-resistant nitride coatings for metal cutting tools (2008)

This Thesis is dedicated to increase the understanding of arc evaporated PVD coatings as wear resistant layers on metal cutting tools. The approach is to study coatings that have excellent performa ...
Convenient and General Microwave-Assisted Protocols for the Expedient Synthesis of Heterocycles (2006)

We have developed convenient and general MAOS protocols for the synthesis of functionalized 1,2,4-triazines, canthines, imidazoles, quinoxalines, pyrazines, quinoxalinones, and 5-aminooxazoles.The methodology described herein makes use of readily available building blocks, facilitating the generation of structurally diverse analog libraries to support nascent medicinal chemistry programs.Other advantages over classical heating conditions include shortened reaction times, increased yields, and the suppression of side product formation.
WiSleep: Scalable Sleep Monitoring and Analytics Using Passive WiFi Sensing. (2021)

Sleep deprivation is a public health concern that significantly impacts one's well-being and performance. Sleep is an intimate experience, and state-of-the-art sleep monitoring solutions are highly-personalized to individual users. With a motivation to expand sleep monitoring at a large-scale and contribute sleep data to public health understanding, we present WiSleep, a sleep monitoring and analytics platform using smartphone network connections that are passively sensed from WiFi infrastructure. We propose an unsupervised ensemble model of Bayesian change point detection to predict sleep and wake-up times. Then, we validate our approach using ground truth from a user study in campus dormitories and a private home. Our results find WiSleep outperforming established methods for users with irregular sleep patterns while yielding comparable accuracy for regular sleepers with an average 79.5\% accuracy. This is comparable to client-side based methods, albeit utilizing only coarse-grained information. Finally, we show that WiSleep can process data from 20,000 users on a single commodity server, allowing it to scale to large campus populations with low server requirements.
Thermal and Photochemical Origin of Carbonyl Group Defects in Poly-(P-Phenylenevinylene) (1994)

Abstract The thermal stability of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV), along with its ability to form flexible devices, has sparked a considerable amount of research in the area of polymer light emitting diodes (LEDs). The presence of carbonyl groups as defects in the PPV structure has been reported elsewhere.1 An increase in carbonyl groups correlates well with a dramatic reduction in the photoluminescence and electroluminescence of this polymer. We have discovered that these carbonyl defects can be introduced thermally as well as photochemically. This paper reports the mechanisms for the thermal and photochemical oxidation of PPV. Although PPV is thermally quite stable, its hydroxy containing defects present in the precursor polymer are very susceptible to reaction with traces of oxygen at the elevated temperatures used in thermal conversion, resulting in the formation of ketone based carbonyl impurities. In addition, pristine PPV is very unstable in the presence of light and oxygen. The photooxidation of PPV involves the cleavage of the vinyl double bond and the formation of terminal aldehyde groups. These results have important implications for the stability of this polymer in LEDs, where elevated temperatures or light create highly reactive charged species.
Thermal Resistance Measurements From a Microchannel Fluorescent Melting Curve Analysis Platform (2008)

Heat Transfer and Thermal Management have become important aspects of the developing field of μTAS systems, particularly in the development of micro PCR thermocyclers. Due to the development of flowing PCR thermocyclers in the field of μTAS, the authors have previously developed a melting curve analysis technique that is compatible with these flowing PCR thermocyclers. The test rig induces a linear temperature gradient along a sample carrying microchannel (0.8mm ID Teflon tubing). Hence, any flow passing through the microchannel is subject to linear heating. The ramp rate seen by the sample is equal to the flow velocity times the thermal gradient across the test rig. This paper presents a characterisation of this test rig, performed by positioning a thermocouple within the teflon tubing. A thermal lag is observed between the temperature of the fluid in the channel and the temperature predicted by 1D conduction heat transfer theory. This lag is as a result of the thermal resistance of the tubing walls and substrate. This lag is measured for three different substrate compositions; each subjected to varying temperature gradients and with sample flow at different velocities. The thermal lag is found to be linearly proportional to flow ramp rate. This finding is supported by a theoretical treatment and numerical simulation of the test rig. Additionally, the contact thermal resistance between the thermal blocks and the fluid within the channels can be made by substituting experimental measurements into the theoretical treatment. This measurement technique is independent of knowledge of substrate dimensions, contact surface quality and substrate composition/material properties.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotoxins Containing Pseudomonas Exotoxin A in Cancer Therapy (2020)

Immunotoxins are a class of targeted cancer therapeutics in which a toxin such as <i>Pseudomonas</i> exotoxin A (PE) is linked to an antibody or cytokine to direct the toxin to a target on cancer cells. While a variety of PE-based immunotoxins have been developed and a few have demonstrated promising clinical and preclinical results, cancer cells frequently have or develop resistance to these immunotoxins. This review presents our current understanding of the mechanism of action of PE-based immunotoxins and discusses cellular mechanisms of resistance that interfere with various steps of the pathway. These steps include binding of the immunotoxin to the target antigen, internalization, intracellular processing and trafficking to reach the cytosol, inhibition of protein synthesis through ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 (EF2), and induction of apoptosis. Combination therapies that increase immunotoxin action and overcome specific mechanisms of resistance are also reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroalkylsulfonate Ionic Liquids by Ring Opening of Sultones with Organic Chloride Salts. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An algorithm to evaluate wide-band quadrature mixers (2007)

As wide-band wireless communications become increasingly prevalent, evaluation of balance among quadrature mixer ports, in terms of carrier phase offset, gain mismatch, and IQ skew, becomes essential. Due to the difficulty of separating skew, gain imbalance and carrier phase offset, evaluation, such as by taking measurements while calibrating, is time consuming. For this reason, test is often performed using a composite value, without separation of error factors. This paper describes an algorithm for performing accurate measurements while enabling separation among quadrature mixer gain imbalance, carrier phase offset, and skew. Thanks to the short test time of the proposed method, it can be applied during high volume production testing.
Reimbursement Related to a 90-Day Episode of Care for a One or Two-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (2016)

To our knowledge, this study is the first report on 90-day reimbursement per patient for one to two-level ACDF procedures in a Medicare cohort. Payments varied significantly among geographic locations. Our study provides a reimbursement benchmark for one to two-level ACDF procedures. Clarifying the payments relative to costs will help providers to understand whether a bundled payment for the ACDF procedure is economically viable.
Towards a robust modeling of temporal interest change patterns for behavioral targeting (2013)

Modern web-scale behavioral targeting platforms leverage historical activity of billions of users to predict user interests and inclinations, and consequently future activities. Future activities of particular interest involve purchases or transactions, and are referred to as conversions. Unlike ad-clicks, conversions directly translate to advertiser's revenue, and thus provide a very concrete metric for return on advertising investment. A typical behavioral targeting system faces two main challenges: the web-scale amounts of user histories to process on a daily basis, and the relative sparsity of conversions (compared to clicks in a traditional setting). These challenges call for generation of effective and efficient user profiles. Most existing works use the historical intensity of a user's interest in various topics to model future interest. In this paper we explore how the change in user behavior can be used to predict future actions and show how it complements the traditional models of decaying interest and action recency to build a complete picture about the user interests and better predict conversions. Our evaluation over a real-world set of campaigns indicates that the combination of change of interest, decaying intensity, and action recency helps in: 1) scoring significant improvements in optimizing for conversions over traditional baselines, 2) substantially improving the targeting efficiency for campaigns with highly sparse conversions, and 3) highly reducing the overall history sizes used in targeting. Furthermore, our techniques have been deployed to production and scored a substantial improvement in targeting performance while imposing a negligible overhead in terms of overall platform running time.
The Entirely Subcutaneous Defibrillator – A New Generation and Future Expectations (2015)

Although conventional implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have proved effective in the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD), they still appear to be limited by non-trivial acute and long-term complications. The recent advent of an entirely subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) represents a further step in the evolution of defibrillation technology towards a less-invasive approach. This review highlights some historical and current issues concerning the S-ICD that may offer a viable therapeutic option in selected patients at high risk of SCD and in whom pacing is not required. After the CE Mark and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals, the S-ICD is being implanted worldwide with growing clinical data regarding its safety and efficacy (the EFFORTLESS Registry). The recently developed new generation of S-ICD (EMBLEM, Boston Scientific) demonstrates favourable features including a smaller device, longer longevity and remote-monitoring compatibility. Further innovations in the S-ICD system and potential integration with leadless pacing may play an important role in defibrillation therapy and prevention of SCD in the near future.
Formulation of Percolating Thermal Underfills Using Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Microparticles and Nanoparticles by Centrifugal Forces and Capillary Bridging (2012)

Thermal underfills are crucial to support integration density scaling of future integrated circuit packages. Therefore, a sequential process using hierarchical self-assembly of microparticles and nanoparticles is proposed to achieve percolating thermal underfills with enhanced particle contacts. The three main process steps are assembly of filler particles by centrifugation, formation of nanoparticle necks by capillary bridging, and backfilling of the porous structure with an unfilled capillary adhesive. Numerical simulations predicting trajectories and distributions of micron-sized particles dispensed into a rotating disk are presented. The trajectories exhibit a strong dependence on particle size; thus, in the case of polydisperse filler particles, nonuniform particle beds may result. An efficient centrifugal disk design with spiral-like guiding structures is experimentally validated. Defect-free, percolating particle beds in confined space with fill fractions of 46 vol.% to 66 vol.%, that is, close to the theoretical limit, are also presented. The self-assembly of nanoparticles, forming enhanced thermal contacts between the percolating filler particles, is discussed. Two consecutive evaporation patterns during the capillary bridging process were identified: (1) dendritic network growth, and (2) collapse of capillary bridges. The concave neck topology could only be achieved at temperatures below the boiling point. An optimal evaporation temperature of 60°C with respect to in-plane uniformity and neck shape was identified. Existing thermal gradients normal to the cavity surface resulted in strongly asymmetric neck formation in the cavity. Hence, uniform heating in an oven is the preferred method to initiate evaporation. Two types of bimodal dielectric necks are demonstrated. Polystyrene acts as the adhesive between thermally conductive alumina particles to form mechanically stable dielectric necks after an annealing step at 140°C. Interstitial and core-shell necks are presented. Finally, a benchmark study was performed to compare the effective thermal conductivity of the percolating thermal underfill with and without necks with state-of-the-art capillary underfills. A close to fivefold improvement could be obtained for diamond filler particles with silver necks (3.8 W/m·K).
Dopamine D2, D3, and D4Selective Phenylpiperazines as Molecular Probes To Explore the Origins of Subtype Specific Receptor Binding (2009)

Assembling phenylpiperazines with 7a-azaindole via different spacer elements, we developed subtype selective dopamine receptor ligands of types 1a,c, 2a, and 3a preferentially interacting with D4, D2, and D3, respectively. To complete this set, the methylthio analogues 2b and 3b exceeding the affinity of 2a and 3a by one order of magnitude and the structural intermediate 1b were synthesized. These chemically similar but biologically divergent target compounds served as molecular probes for radioligand displacement experiments, mutagenesis, and docking studies on homology models based on the recent crystal structure of the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Specific interactions with the highly conserved amino acids Asp3.32 and His6.55 and less conserved residues at positions 2.61, 2.64, 3.28, and 3.29 were identified. Inclusion of a carefully modeled extracellular loop 2 displayed two nonconserved residues in EL2 that differently contribute to ligand binding. Obviously, subtype selectivity is caused by nonconserved but frequently mediated by conserved amino acids.
Adding Value to Proficiency Testing Programs (2000)

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA 88) (1) have caused great changes not only in US laboratories but in clinical laboratories throughout the world. CLIA’s requirements for pre- and postanalytical control were harbingers of more complete approaches to the implementation of quality systems in clinical laboratories, such as the quality model just introduced by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2). CLIA’s maximum allowable error specifications for proficiency testing (the so-called CLIA limits) are being used by manufacturers to help set analytical performance goals for new laboratory analyzers. These specifications have ignited a transatlantic debate (3) regarding the formulation of analytical goals based strictly on patient variation vs the CLIA goals, which were based on a host of variables, including physician surveys, patient variation, analytical performance, and even prior proficiency testing (PT) performance.

The enactment of CLIA 88 unraveled the comfortable existence of a few large PT providers who primarily served hospital laboratories. In the early 1990s, thousands of previously unregulated physician office laboratories were added to the PT pool. Many of these laboratories eventually subscribed to newly established PT providers whose missions were more closely aligned to the participants’ medical organizations, e.g., the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American Society of Internal Medicine. As of 1998, there were 20 different CLIA-certified PT programs (4). The presumably decreased profitability of the PT business has led to a commoditization of PT products and less effort expended in the design and manufacture of PT specimens for analytes that are not directly regulated by CLIA.

Another result, coincident with the enactment of CLIA 88, was the development of PT programs that serve a narrow spectrum of users, such as those using instruments of a specific manufacturer. Finally, the requirement to subscribe to CLIA-approved PT programs has eroded the …
Distributed feedback surface-emitting laser with air/semiconductor gratings embedded by mass-transport assisted wafer fusion technique (1997)

We report on a distributed feedback InGaAsP MQW laser with air/semiconductor gratings embedded by wafer-fusion technique with the assistance of mass-transport phenomenon for the first time. The air/semiconductor gratings with 0.4-μm period and 0.2-μm depth are successfully fabricated inside the device, and a single longitudinal mode oscillation at about 1.28 μm is demonstrated under pulsed condition at room temperature. The threshold current density is estimated to be about 1.4 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It is also shown that the device has a surface-emitting function since it has a low loss multiquantum-well waveguide with grating output coupler.
Modeling and simulation of saturated induction motors (2002)

Induction motors play an important role in constant and adjustable speed drives. This paper contributes to the development of a realistic model for an induction machine taking into account the saturation and nonlinearity to compute the energy efficiency of the machine. The authors concentrate on the steady-state analysis of a saturated induction machine and present a methodology for the evaluation of the parameters of a saturated induction machine. The validation of the machine model is presented under steady-state conditions. This work provides a good starting point for the evaluation of steady-state performance of asynchronous machines under saturated and unsaturated operating conditions.
Feasibility of secondary 15O beam production for in-beam PET (2014)

For the purpose of in situ visualization of an irradiation field in particle therapy, it is ideal to use radioactive beams for in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), there is a beam course to produce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> C and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> C as secondary beams, but generation of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> O has never been investigated. This study was devoted to analysis of the feasibility of secondary <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> O production for in-beam PET by <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> O primary beam in different absorbing materials (targets) with various thicknesses in order to find out the optimum target material and its thickness. The study was performed using analytical method, LISE++ code, and the Monte Carlo method, PHITS code. The calculation results showed that the highest intensity of the secondary <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> O beam observed for primary <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> O beam decelerating in liquid hydrogen but practically almost impossible to apply. The final optimum target was considered to be polyethylene with thickness of 11 cm. The <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> O beam was produced in the HIMAC secondary beam line using the optimum target and the in-beam PET imaging was presented for a PMMA phantom irradiated with the produced beam.