gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 439: Using the Time Interval Between R-Wave Detection and Maximum Compression Pressure to Target and Validate Delivery of Synchronized Chest Compressions During Pseudo Electro-Mechanical Dissociation (2019)

Introduction: The treatment of pseudo electro-mechanical dissociation (P-EMD) with standard chest compressions leads to some compressions that interfere with blood flow created by ventricular contraction and others that are synergistic. We have previously reported that the hemodynamics generated by standard chest compressions (StdCPR) depended on the time interval between the R-wave and the maximum compression pressure (t_int). Our goal was to use the t_int to identify the optimal timing for compression synchronization and to validate the delivery of synchronized chest compressions. Methods: Eight animals underwent surgical preparation and were exposed to hypoxia to induce P-EMD. The treatment period was divided into eight 45 sec epochs during which the P-EMD was left untreated or was treated with StdCPR or chest compressions synchronized to the R-wave in the ECG (SyncCPR). For each heart beat t_int was calculated as t peak AOP - t Rwave , blood pressures were averaged, and blood flows were integrated. 1,598 chest compressions were analyzed. The location of local extrema in hemodynamic parameters as a function of positive t_int values were identified recursively by dividing the range of t_int values into increasing numbers of bins and determining which bin had the highest mean value. Results: Blood flows and pressures exhibited a non-linear dependence on t_int. The maximum CPP occurred at t_int = 90 ±2.3 ms. The maximum aortic pressure occurred at t_int = 70 ±2.3 ms. The minimum right atrial pressure occurred at t_int = 280 ±2.3 ms. The maximum carotid blood flow occurred at t_int = 100 ±2.3 ms. The maximum jugular blood flow occurred at t_int = 400 ±2.3 ms. Unsynchronized chest compressions resulted in a t_int of -21 ± 170 ms. Synchronized chest compressions resulted in a t_int of 119 ± 13 ms. Conclusions: Local maxima and minima during StdCPR were identified in several hemodynamic parameters, but the extrema were not perfectly co-located. It appears that a t_int of 90-100 ms could be optimal. SyncCPR were delivered at 119 ms, which is not far from the local maxima observed for CPP and carotid blood flow.
Hybrid silicon lasers and amplifiers with 2D phosphorene film (2023)

Hybrid silicon lasers and amplifiers having resonator cavities within a silicon substrate and a two-dimensional material film on the substrate as an optical gain medium are described. The two-dimensional material film may be formed of one or more atomic layers of phosphorene (BP). The number of phosphorene layers may be adjusted to tune the emission wavelength of the hybrid devices.
A 100W ISM-2.45GHz band power test system (2004)

This paper describes development of solid-state microwave power test system (MPTS) operating over 2.3 to 2.6 GHz with the output power level of 100 W for industrial applications in material processing, and for designing of microwave power industrial equipment. The MPTS unit consists of four major parts: PLL synthesizer, high power solid-state amplifier, detector probes for return losses and leakage measurement and microcontroller. The MPTS system is able to operate in either single fixed-frequency regime, or in swept mode with self-tuning for minimum reflection of a heated load.
Chiral Fibers Formation Upon Assembly of Tetraphenylalanine Peptide Conjugated to a PNA Dimer (2022)

Self-assembly of biomolecules such as peptides, nucleic acids or their analogues affords supramolecular objects, exhibiting structures and physical properties dependent on the amino-acid or nucleobase composition. Conjugation of the peptide diphenylalanine (FF) to peptide nucleic acids triggers formation of self-assembled structures, mainly stabilized by interactions between FF. In this work we report formation of homogeneous chiral fibers upon self-assembly of the hybrid composed of the tetraphenylalanine peptide (4F) conjugated to the PNA dimer adenine-thymine (at). In this case nucleobases seem to play a key role in determining the morphology and chirality of the fibers. When the PNA "at" is replaced by guanine-cytosine dimer "gc", disordered structures are observed. Spectroscopic characterization of the self-assembled hybrids, along with AFM and SEM studies is reported. Finally, a structural model consistent with the experimental evidence has also been obtained, showing how the building blocks of 4Fat arrange to give helical fibers.
Development of a New Polypropylene‐Based Suture: Plasma Grafting, Surface Treatment, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Studies (2010)

Polypropylene sutures (PP) are already used in surgery. Because microbial infection leads to complications, we developed antimicrobial PP suture by plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid followed by chitosan binding on the remaining carboxyl groups. Mechanical properties and surface morphologies were analyzed on these sutures. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) or nanosilver (NS) was then immobilized to PP. The resulting PP sutures evidenced drug release properties and antimicrobial activity in vitro. PP implanted in vivo for 30 days in the muscle of rats showed the absence of adverse effects and a tissue organization. This new polypropylene suture with suitable antimicrobial features appears to be a promising macromolecular material for clinical and cosmetic applications.
SU‐E‐J‐195: Evaluation of a Camera‐Based External Patient Position Tracking System (2015)

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of a camera‐based patient external position monitoring system optimized for localized patient movements. Methods: A prototype software application implements a template‐based tracking algorithm. The application generates templates located at strategic points on the patient's anatomy as seen in an acquired initial video image frame. For subsequent frames, the template pattern is matched in a userdefined region around those points using cross‐correlation, and the match is used to determine the local motion at those points.A motion stage was used to move a fabric sample (representing patient's clothing) to various positions around a 20 by 20 mm space. An optical camera, at 1.5 m distance, monitored the movement of the sample. At each sample position, the software application evaluated the displacement from initial position based on the camera image; results were compared to the known motion stage displacements.A motorized breathing manikin was set up on a treatment machine couch. The same optical camera was positioned so as to monitor both breathing and random motion of the manikin in simulation of a clinical treatment scenario. Setups for both torso tracking (respiratory) and face tracking (stereotactic head) conditions were simulated and measured for precision and accuracy. Results: On the motion stage, calibrated tracking accuracy and precision were both consistently better than 0.5 mm in both vertical and lateral axes. Similar results were achieved for the manikin motion in the clinical simulations. Conclusion: Localized camera‐based tracking is capable of monitoring external changes in patient position to submillimeter level. While not able to track internal tumor motion directly, such a system would nonetheless be able to detect tiny movements of the body, bumps, and respiratory motion, any of which may signal a need to check the position of the tumor. All work funded by Varian Medical Systems Inc.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism probed using High Harmonics (2014)

We demonstrate the first generation and phase matching of circularly-polarized high harmonics, which are bright enough for magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the M absorption edges of the magnetic materials Fe, Co and Ni.
A Discovery Strategy for Selective Inhibitors of c‐Src in Complex with the Focal Adhesion Kinase SH3/SH2‐binding Region (2014)

The c-Src tyrosine kinase co-operates with the focal adhesion kinase to regulate cell adhesion and motility. Focal adhesion kinase engages the regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains of c-Src, resulting in localized kinase activation that contributes to tumor cell metastasis. Using assay conditions where c-Src kinase activity required binding to a tyrosine phosphopeptide based on the focal adhesion kinase SH3-SH2 docking sequence, we screened a kinase-biased library for selective inhibitors of the Src/focal adhesion kinase peptide complex versus c-Src alone. This approach identified an aminopyrimidinyl carbamate compound, WH-4-124-2, with nanomolar inhibitory potency and fivefold selectivity for c-Src when bound to the phospho-focal adhesion kinase peptide. Molecular docking studies indicate that WH-4-124-2 may preferentially inhibit the 'DFG-out' conformation of the kinase active site. These findings suggest that interaction of c-Src with focal adhesion kinase induces a unique kinase domain conformation amenable to selective inhibition.
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Quiescence during TwoCaenorhabditis elegansSleep-Like States (2015)

Electrophysiological recordings have enabled identification of physiologically distinct yet behaviorally similar states of mammalian sleep. In contrast, sleep in nonmammals has generally been identified behaviorally and therefore regarded as a physiologically uniform state characterized by quiescence of feeding and locomotion, reduced responsiveness, and rapid reversibility. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays sleep-like quiescent behavior under two conditions: developmentally timed quiescence (DTQ) occurs during larval transitions, and stress-induced quiescence (SIQ) occurs in response to exposure to cellular stressors. Behaviorally, DTQ and SIQ appear identical. Here, we use optogenetic manipulations of neuronal and muscular activity, pharmacology, and genetic perturbations to uncover circuit and molecular mechanisms of DTQ and SIQ. We find that locomotion quiescence induced by DTQ- and SIQ-associated neuropeptides occurs via their action on the nervous system, although their neuronal target(s) and/or molecular mechanisms likely differ. Feeding quiescence during DTQ results from a loss of pharyngeal muscle excitability, whereas feeding quiescence during SIQ results from a loss of excitability in the nervous system. Together these results indicate that, as in mammals, quiescence is subserved by different mechanisms during distinct sleep-like states in C. elegans.
5kV 4H-Sic SEJFET with Low RonS of 69m12cm2 (2002)

A normally-off type 5.3kV 4H-Sic JFET with low specific on-resistance, called a SEJFET (Static Expansion channel JFET), has been fabricated. By an adoption of area-efficient cell structure and a proper JTE termination (Junction Termination Extension), high performance is realized. The specific on resistance (RonS) is 69 mQcm2 and the turn off time is 4711s. The highest current capability is 3.3A. In all reported FETs, the SEJFET has the best trade-off between RonS and blocking voltage (BV), which is about 1/230th lower than theoretical limit of a Si FET. Furthermore, the figure of merit (BV2/RonS) is 407MW/cm2, and this value is the highest among reported normally off Sic FETs.
HETEROGENEOUS ASYMMETRIC CATALYSTS: Strategies for Achieving High Enantioselection (2005)

▪ Abstract Heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis remains a topic of intense research interest because control of enantioselectivity represents one of the major synthetic challenges today. Successful strategies to achieve high enantioselection have been developed using three key approaches: (a) adsorption of chiral modifiers onto an active metal surface, which is found to be particularly effective for enantioselective hydrogenation; (b) covalent tethering of homogeneous catalysts; and (c) electrostatic interaction between a negatively charged framework and a cation. Other approaches have been advocated, e.g., encapsulation, but in general these lead to lower enantioselectivity for these heterogeneous asymmetric systems when compared with the equivalent homogeneous catalyst. This review covers the strategies for achieving high enantioselection as well as recent interesting features concerning confinement effects, the inversion of enantioselectivity, and specific cases in which enantioselection increases with conversion, all being factors that can guide researchers to identifying improved systems.
Síntese e modelagem molecular do novo derivado indolinônico como candidato a antiinflamatório COX-2 seletivo. (2007)

Anti-inflammatory drugs are known to be the most widely-marketed drugs in the world, despite their serious side effects, mainly on the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, there are constant efforts to discover new prototypes with improved therapeutic activity and safety for the patient. Since the advent of the computational chemistry, the theoretical study of the physiological behavior of a new compound and hence an understanding of its supposed mechanism of action have been made a lot more accessible. Thus, molecule-receptor mathematical modeling was applied to compound I (1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)indolin-2-one), to predict theoretically its ability to inhibit, selectively, the COX-2 isoform of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS-2), and the best positions to introduce chemical groups and to make molecular modifications.
On the Gray Indexing in LoRa PHY (2021)

Long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most widely used low power wide area (LPWA) network technologies operating in the unlicensed ISM band. Its physical layer (that is, LoRa PHY) which is Semtech's proprietary technology uses Gray indexing in LoRa symbol mapping. In this paper, we will investigate the effect of Gray indexing to the performance of LoRa PHY. Specifically, through computer simulations, we will compare FER performances according to with and without Gray indexing in AWGN and Rician fading environments.
Transcriptional profiling of host gene expression in chicken embryo lung cells infected with laryngotracheitis virus (2010)

The results of this study provide comprehensive knowledge on global gene expression, and biological functionalities of differentially expressed genes in chicken embryo lung cells in response to ILTV infections.
Supplementary Figure 4 from p21-Activated Kinase 1 Is Required for Efficient Tumor Formation and Progression in a Ras-Mediated Skin Cancer Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 162K, Proliferation and apoptosis in drug-treated animals&lt;/p&gt;
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Comparison of Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions and Modified Sensitivity Encoding for Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2007)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) of the brain is usually acquired with single-shot echo-planar imaging, which is associated with localized signal loss, geometric distortions, and blurring. Parallel imaging can lessen these artifacts by shortening the length of the echo-train acquisition. The self-calibrating parallel acquisition techniques, image domain-based modified sensitivity encoding (mSENSE) and k-space-based generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), were evaluated with DTI of the brain in 5 healthy subjects. METHODS: GRAPPA and mSENSE with higher acceleration factors (R) up to 4 were compared with conventional DTI (with and without phase partial Fourier, another method of reducing the echo-train length) on a 1.5T Sonata scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The resulting images and diffusion maps were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis was performed by 3 reviewers blinded to the technique using image sharpness and the level of artifacts as characteristics for scoring each set of images. Quantitative comparisons encompassed measuring signal-to-noise ratio, Trace/3 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) in 6 white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) regions. RESULTS: Reviewers scored the GRAPPA and mSENSE R 2 images better than images acquired with conventional techniques. FA contrast was improved at the GM/WM junction in peripheral brain areas. Trace/3 ADC and FA measurements were consistent for all methods. However, R 3,4 images suffered from reconstruction-related artifacts. CONCLUSIONS: GRAPPA and mSENSE (R 2) minimized the susceptibility and off-resonance effects associated with conventional DTI methods, yielding high-quality images and reproducible quantitative diffusion measurements.
Unlocking the potential of supported liquid phase catalysts with supercritical fluids: low temperature continuous flow catalysis with integrated product separation (2015)

Solution-phase catalysis using molecular transition metal complexes is an extremely powerful tool for chemical synthesis and a key technology for sustainable manufacturing. However, as the reaction complexity and thermal sensitivity of the catalytic system increase, engineering challenges associated with product separation and catalyst recovery can override the value of the product. This persistent downstream issue often renders industrial exploitation of homogeneous catalysis uneconomical despite impressive batch performance of the catalyst. In this regard, continuous-flow systems that allow steady-state homogeneous turnover in a stationary liquid phase while at the same time effecting integrated product separation at mild process temperatures represent a particularly attractive scenario. While continuous-flow processing is a standard procedure for large volume manufacturing, capitalizing on its potential in the realm of the molecular complexity of organic synthesis is still an emerging area that requires innovative solutions. Here we highlight some recent developments which have succeeded in realizing such systems by the combination of near- and supercritical fluids with homogeneous catalysts in supported liquid phases. The cases discussed exemplify how all three levels of continuous-flow homogeneous catalysis (catalyst system, separation strategy, process scheme) must be matched to locate viable process conditions.
Electrically Controlled Neurochemical Delivery from Microelectrodes for Focal and Transient Modulation of Cellular Behavior (2021)

Electrically controlled drug delivery of neurochemicals and biomolecules from conducting polymer microelectrode coatings hold great potentials in dissecting neural circuit or treating neurological disorders with high spatial and temporal resolution. The direct doping of a drug into a conducting polymer often results in low loading capacity, and the type of molecule that can be released is limited. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with sulfonated silica nanoparticles (SNP) has been developed as a more versatile platform for drug delivery. In this work, we demonstrate that neurochemicals with different surface charge, e.g., glutamate (GLU), gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), 6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline- 2,3-dione (DNQX) and bicuculline, can be, respectively, incorporated into the SNP and electrically triggered to release repeatedly. The drug loaded SNPs were incorporated in PEDOT via electrochemical deposition on platinum microelectrodes. After PEDOT/SNP(drug) coating, the charge storage capacity (CSC) increased 10-fold to 55 ± 3 mC/cm<sup>2</sup>, and the impedance at 1 kHz was also reduced approximately 6-fold. With the aid of a porous SNP, the loading capacity and number of releases of GLU was increased >4-fold and 66-fold, respectively, in comparison to the direct doping of PEDOT with GLU (PEDOT/GLU). The focal release of GLU and GABA from a PEDOT/SNP (drug) coated microelectrode were tested in cultured neurons using Ca imaging. The change in fluo-4 fluorescence intensity after electrically triggered GLU (+6.7 ± 2.9%) or GABA (-6.8 ± 1.6%) release indicated the successful modulation of neural activities by neurotransmitter release. In addition to activating neural activities, glutamate can also act on endothelial cells to stimulate nitric oxide (NO) release. A dual functional device with two adjacent sensing and releasing electrodes was constructed and we tested this mechanism in endothelial cell cultures. In endothelial cells, approximately 7.6 ± 0.6 nM NO was detected in the vicinity of the NO sensor within 6.2 ± 0.5 s of GLU release. The rise time of NO signal, T<sub>0-100</sub>, was 14.5 ± 2.2 s. In summary, our work has demonstrated (1) a platform that is capable of loading and releasing drugs with different charges; (2) proof of concept demonstrations of how focal release of drugs can be used as a pharmacological manipulation to study neural circuitry or NO's effect on endothelial cells.
COLOUR FIDELITY AND ILLUMINANCE TRADE-OFF: TESTING LIGHTING VALUES (2021)

The higher the colour fidelity of a light source, the lower its luminous efficacy of radiation because the light source spectrum must deviate from V(λ) to deliver the higher fidelity. Two experiments probed the trade-off between energy efficiency and colour quality. Experiment 1 required participants to simultaneously view pairs of light sources differing in colour fidelity, at either a higher (346 lx) or lower (277 lx) illuminance. Participants performed a timed reading task and judged the colour appearance of the pair. There were no effects of illuminance, but larger colour fidelity differences between the light sources in the pair correlated with lower appearance judgements. Experiment 2 simulated the effect of light sources on defined reflectance spectra. The results showed that improvements of colour fidelity above what is often considered satisfactory can yield more satisfying illumination while using the same amount of power.
CHFR promoter hypermethylation in colon cancer correlates with the microsatellite instability phenotype (2005)

A subset of sporadic colon cancers has been shown to have microsatellite instability caused by an epigenetic inactivation of the MLH1 gene by hypermethylation of the the CpG island in its promoter region. We report here that in colorectal cancer, inactivation of the MLH1 gene is frequently accompanied by hypermethylation of the CpG island in the promoter of the mitotic gene checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (CHFR). This was first observed in the colon cancer cell lines HCT-116, DLD-1, RKO and HT29. Among the 61 primary colon cancer samples studied, hypermethylation of the MLH1 and the CHFR promoter was found in 31% of the tumors. In 68% of all primary cancers (13/19) with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, hypermethylation of the CHFR promoter was observed as well (P-value < 0.0001, Fisher's two-sided exact). Hypermethylation of the HLTF, MGMT, RASSF1, APC, p14 and p16 promoter regions were also frequent events, being observed in 48% (28/58), 40% (26/64), 21% (14/64), 50% (31/62), 43% (26/60) and 56% (35/63), respectively. However, methylation of these genes was not associated with methylation of either MLH1 or CHFR. The observed methylation profile was unrelated to Duke's stage. The coordinated loss of both mismatch repair caused by methylation of MLH1 and loss of checkpoint control associated with methylation of CHFR suggests the potential to overcome cell cycle checkpoints, which may lead to an accumulation of mutations.