gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonodynamic effect in A375 melanoma cells with Chlorin e6 induced by 20\n kHz ultrasound (2021)

In this research, combined effect of chlorin e6 and noninvasive 20 kHz,\nlow-powered ultrasound on melanoma cells is proposed for the first time. The\nproposed combination incorporates the application of safe low-frequency\nultrasound that is used for transdermal drug delivery. We demonstrate that\nimpact of the 20 kHz ultrasound on chlorin e6 leads to strong sonodynamic\neffect in melanoma cells. We also show that chlorin e6 keeps its monomeric form\nin the cells and does not aggregate after exposure to ultrasound. We propose a\ntwo-step model where sonoluminescence serves as an internal light source for\nthe chlorin e6 photoactivation.\n
Effect of Complement Component C3 Deficiency on Experimental Lyme Borreliosis in Mice (2003)

Mice deficient in complement component C3 (C3(-/-)) and syngeneic C57BL/6 control mice were challenged with Borrelia burgdorferi to determine the role of complement in immune clearance and joint histopathology during experimental Lyme borreliosis. Tibiotarsal joint, ear, and heart tissues were monitored for spirochete numbers at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinoculation with 10(5) B. burgdorferi B31 clone 5A4 by using quantitative real-time PCR. The spirochete load in joint and ear tissue remained higher in the C3(-/-) mice than in the wild-type counterparts throughout the 12-week study, whereas the numbers in heart tissue of both groups of mice decreased substantially at 8 to 12 weeks postinfection. Histopathology scores for joint tissue were generally higher in the C3(-/-) mice compared to C57BL/6 controls at 2 and 4 weeks postinfection, which may reflect the presence of higher numbers of bacteria in the joints at these early time points. Levels of anti-B. burgdorferi immunoglobulin G tended to be reduced in the C3(-/-) mice compared to control mice. Furthermore, a 5.5-fold-lower number of the complement-sensitive Borrelia garinii was needed to infect C3(-/-) mice compared to C57BL/6 mice, indicating that its sensitivity to complement is one barrier to infection of the mouse model by B. garinii. These results indicate that the complement system may be important in controlling the early dissemination and progression of B. burgdorferi infection.
Optimization of ESCAP photoresist for x-ray lithography (1994)

Acid catalyzed photoresists have been examined for exposure using the Helios compact synchrotron x-ray source at the IBM Advanced Lithography Facility. A fundamental challenge with these photoresists is the sensitivity to contamination from the environment. This study attempts to optimize a new type of Environmentally Stable Chemically Amplified Photoresist (ESCAP) developed by IBM Almaden Research Center. A key feature of this new resist is that it does not require an extra polymer topcoat to seal out airborne contaminants. The establishment of a base process and then the enhancement of exposure latitude was the main objective of the optimization. A 5 factor Taguchi optimization was designed to test the effects of post exposure bake (PEB) temperature, PEB time, post apply bake (PAB) temperature, PAB time and develop time. Sixteen wafers were utilized to explore 3 levels for each factor. Twenty-four additional wafers were run using the optimized process with slight variations. These were split into 3 runs for an estimate of noise. The second optimization used 4 factors with 3 interactions. The 200, 300, and 500 nm isolated line structures were examined. A test for maximum photospeed pointed to the same optimum region for latitude as well as sensitivity. Across all conditions a 5X change in dose for linewidth was shown while the exposure latitude for the 500 nm varied from 21 to 54%. The slopes fit to the subsequent plots ranged from 2 - 6 nm/mJ. The PEB latitude was seen to be 10 - 14 nm/ degree(s)C.
Association of Administration of Surfactant Using Less Invasive Methods With Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants Less Than 27 Weeks of Gestation (2022)

The results of this long-term multicenter cohort study suggest that LISA may be associated with reduced risks of adverse outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
Anxiety about anxiety: a survey of emergency department provider beliefs and practices regarding anxiety-associated low risk chest pain (2018)

Emergency Department providers believe approximately 30% of patients seeking emergency care for chest pain at low risk for ACS have anxiety as a primary problem, yet fewer than half discuss this concern or provide information to help the patient manage anxiety. This highlights an opportunity for patient centered communication.
Replacing Mn2+ with Co2+ in Human Arginase I Enhances Cytotoxicity toward l-Arginine Auxotrophic Cancer Cell Lines (2010)

Replacing the two Mn(2+) ions normally present in human Arginase I with Co(2+) resulted in a significantly lowered K(M) value without a concomitant reduction in k(cat). In addition, the pH dependence of the reaction was shifted from a pK(a) of 8.5 to a pK(a) of 7.5. The combination of these effects led to a 10-fold increase in overall catalytic activity (k(cat)/K(M)) at pH 7.4, close to the pH of human serum. Just as important for therapeutic applications, Co(2+) substitution lead to significantly increased serum stability of the enzyme. Our data can be explained by direct coordination of l-Arg to one of the Co(2+) ions during reaction, consistent with previously reported model studies. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments verified that the Co(2+)-substituted human Arg I displays an approximately 12- to 15-fold lower IC(50) value for the killing of human hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma cell lines and thus constitutes a promising new candidate for the treatment of l-Arg auxotrophic tumors.
Abstract WMP69: Monocyte-derived Macrophages Can Reduce Damage After Experimental Ischemic Stroke (2013)

Background Post-ischemic inflammation plays an important role in stroke pathology. Understanding the details and mechanisms of post-stroke inflammation is essential to develop therapeutics that can reduce the damage and promote recovery. Macrophages are known to promote both injury and repair in various pathologies, and these divergent properties may be due to different macrophage subtypes. Here, we identify different macrophage subtypes in the brain after ischemic stroke and investigate their effects on stroke outcome. Methods C57BL/6 mice (male, 11-14 weeks old) were subjected to left transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). To deplete blood monocytes, clodronate-filled liposomes (CL) were used. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-filled liposomes (PL) served as controls. Behavior was assessed using a neurological score. Infarct size was assessed by TTC at 2d and silver staining at 7d post-stroke. Immune cells in brain, blood, spleen and bone marrow were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A time-course analysis of immune cells after stroke identified two macrophage subpopulations in the brain: Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow. Ly6Chigh macrophages were the dominant cell population early after stroke, peaking by 3d and then decreasing in number by 5d. Conversely, the number of Ly6Clow macrophages were initially low and peaked at 5d. To investigate the effects of these macrophage subpopulations, we used clodronate depletion of monocytes with different injection paradigms. Injecting clodronate just after reperfusion, to target the Ly6Chigh macrophages, had no significant effect on infarct size at 2d and 7d post-stroke, or on functional deficit, compared to the PL group. However, when the injections were given every other day after stroke, from day 0 to day 6, CL-treated mice had significantly larger infarct sizes at 7d post-stroke (48.9±4.3 vs 35.6±5.8, % of contralateral hemisphere, n=10; p&lt;0.01), and worse neurological scores (11.1±1.1 vs 6.2±1.1, n=10; p&lt;0.01) than PL-treated mice. Moreover, the CL group had fewer brain macrophages at 5d. Temporal analysis of the macrophage subpopulations with this treatment paradigm is ongoing. Conclusion Macrophage can reduce brain damage and play a role in promoting recovery after stroke.
Data from GnRH Antagonists Have Direct Inhibitory Effects On Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Via Intracrine Androgen and AR-V7 Expression (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hormone therapy is currently the mainstay in the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Degarelix (Firmagon), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist differs from luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists by avoiding “testosterone flare” and lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. The direct effect of degarelix and leuprolide on human prostate cancer cells was evaluated. In LNCaP, C4-2BMDVR, and CWR22Rv1 cells, degarelix significantly reduced cell viability compared with the controls (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.01). Leuprolide was stimulatory in the same cell lines. In C4-2B MDVR cells, degarelix alone or combined with abiraterone or enzalutamide reduced the AR-V7 protein expression compared with the control group. SCID mice bearing VCaP xenograft tumors were divided into 4 groups and treated with surgical castration, degarelix, leuprolide, or buffer alone for 4 weeks. Leuprolide slightly suppressed tumor growth compared with the vehicle control group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Tumors in degarelix-treated mice were 67% of those in the leuprolide-treatment group but 170% larger than in surgically castrated ones. Measurements of intratumoral steroids in serum, tumor samples, or treated cell pellets by LC/MS confirmed that degarelix better decreased the levels of testosterone and steroidogenesis pathway intermediates, comparable to surgical castration, whereas leuprolide had no inhibitory effect. Collectively, our results suggested a selective mechanism of action of degarelix against androgen steroidogenesis and AR-variants. This study provides additional molecular insights regarding the mechanism of degarelix compared with GnRH agonist therapy, which may have clinical implications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fenugreek, a naturally occurring edible spice, kills MCF-7 human breast cancer cells via an apoptotic pathway. (2011)

There is growing use of anticancer complementary and alternative medicines worldwide. Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) is traditionally applied to treat disorders such as diabetes, high cholesterol, wounds, inflammation, and gastrointestinal ailments. Fenugreek is also reported to have anticancer properties due to its active beneficial chemical constituents. The mechanism of action of several anticancer drugs is based on their ability to induce apoptosis. The objective of the study was to characterize the downstream apoptotic genes targeted by FCE in MCF-7 human immortalized breast cells. FCE effectively killed MCF-7 cells through induction of apoptosis,confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and RT-PCR assays. When cells were exposed to 50 μg/mL FCE for 24 hours, 23.2% apoptotic cells resulted, while a 48-hour exposure to 50 μg/mL caused 73.8% apoptosis. This was associated with increased expression of Caspase 3, 8, 9, p53, Fas, FADD, Bax and Bak in a time-and dose-dependent manner, as determined by real- time quantitative PCR. In summary, the induction of apoptosis by FCE is effected by its ability to increase the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and the spice holds promise for consideration in complementary therapy for breast cancer patients.
Laboratory Scale Production of Winged Bean Curd (1983)

ABSTRACT Procedures for the preparation of 100% winged bean or mixed winged bean‐soybean curd employing the essential steps of soy curd production have been developed and optimized. Use of magnesium chloride, gluconodelta lactone, acetic acid and calcium sulfate as coagulants was investigated. The results showed that while curd formation was not facilitated by acetic acid, sticky and less cohesive curds could be formed with magnesium chloride and gluconodelta lactone. Calcium sulfate precipitation resulted in a semi‐solid and appreciably cohesive curd from winged bean. Winged bean curd had very low hardness value in comparison to soy tofu. Curd products prepared from five ratios of winged bean‐soybean mixtures indicate that 50:50 and 25:75 winged bean‐soybean combinations by weight resulted in satisfactory products.
DSASim: A Simulation Framework for Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (2007)

The current methodology for distributing the frequency spectrum among users is in need of revamping. This is necessary in order to increase the number of users able to access the communication channels; to better manage usage in metropolitan areas, where the usage of wireless communication is still rapidly increasing; and to ensure adequate frequency allocation for users during peak usage times. Several methods and paradigms have been suggested as replacements for the current scheme of distributing spectrum among users. This paper proposes a simulation framework to simulate a broker-based system to implement a dynamic spectrum allocation environment. The broker operates based upon pre-defined spatial and temporal requirements in a manner where operational parameters are set up or collected dynamically. The broker system responds to the radio devices, allocating the suitable amount of frequency spectrum required for a particular application. The results of the simulations show a promising and efficient utilization of frequency spectrum resources.
Automated Machine Learning for Short-term Electric Load Forecasting (2019)

From detecting skin cancer to translating languages and to forecasting electricity consumption, machine learning is enabling advanced capabilities of computer systems across a broad range of important real-world applications. In this work, we present machine learning models for forecasting the consumption of electricity. Short-term electric load forecasting has been a fundamental concern in power operation systems for over a century. Energy load forecasting is of even greater importance, due to applications in the planning of demand side management, smart electric vehicles and other smart grid technologies. We use two state-of-the-art automated machine learning systems (auto-sklearn and TPOT), which automate model selection and hyperparameter optimization, to achieve maximum prediction accuracy, and compare their performance for the task of load prediction using two benchmark problems. These benchmarks are derived from real world load consumption tasks, namely household consumption from the UCI data repository and consumption data from an industrial office building. Our experimental results indicate great potential for improving the accuracy of energy consumption prediction by using automated machine learning approaches.
Network-optimized adaptive SVC-based live video streaming (2013)

In this work, a network-optimized live scalable video streaming scheme with adaptive preprocessing is presented, while showing significant improvements in visual quality. According to the proposed scheme, an adaptive pre-filter is applied prior to encoding each Scalable Video Coding (SVC) layer, while each pre-filter parameters are dynamically adjusted according to varying network conditions, such as the network Round Trip Time (RTT) and packet loss ratio, thereby enabling to continuously obtain an optimal visual quality at the decoder side. The performance of the presented scheme is evaluated and tested in detail, thereby demonstrating a significant gain of up to 5dB.
A multiscale sparse processing approach to tracking the delay-Doppler spread in shallow water acoustic communications. (2011)

Sparse sensing approaches have been applied to track the delay-Doppler spread in shallow water acoustic communications with varying degrees of success. Tracking the complex-valued delay-Doppler spread function coefficients is challenging due to the ill-conditioned, nonanalytic, and time-varying nature of the channel estimation problem. Since the coefficients typically follow a sparse distribution, fast adaptive least squared approaches fall short of the performance goals. We recently proposed an adaptive sparseoptimization technique, which efficiently tracks the time-varying coefficients by imposing a smooth nonconvex cost function over the L1 norm of the sparse coefficients and the L2 norm of the estimation error. However, a key limitation of this approach is the assumption that the sparsity level of the distribution stays fixed and is uniform across the different Doppler frequencies. Due to uncertainty principles governing time and frequency resolution of nonstationary processes, using uniform averaging window length across the entire Doppler spread also leads to nonuniform resolution of the estimates across the different frequency ranges. We present a multiscale algorithm where we employ variable averaging window length as well as variable sparsity factor to track the delay-Doppler spread across different ranges of frequencies over experimental field data.
Near milliwatt power AlGaN-based ultraviolet light emitting diodes based on lateral epitaxial overgrowth of AlN on Si(111) (2013)

We report on the growth, fabrication, and device characterization of AlGaN-based thin-film ultraviolet (UV) (λ ∼ 359 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs). First, AlN/Si(111) template is patterned. Then, a fully coalesced 7-μm-thick lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) of AlN layer is realized on patterned AlN/Si(111) template followed by UV LED epi-regrowth. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is employed to optimize LEO AlN and UV LED epitaxy. Back-emission UV LEDs are fabricated and flip-chip bonded to AlN heat sinks followed by Si(111) substrate removal. A peak pulsed power and slope efficiency of ∼0.6 mW and ∼1.3 μW/mA are demonstrated from these thin-film UV LEDs, respectively. For comparison, top-emission UV LEDs are fabricated and back-emission LEDs are shown to extract 50% more light than top-emission ones.
[Malignant parotid tumors. Therapeutic results and prognosis in 110 consecutive patients]. (1993)

The UICC 1987 TNM classification system was used to retrospectively analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors in 110 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated from 1970 to 1986. Treatment consisted of surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination. Malignant mixed tumours were seen in 28% of the patients, mucoepidermoid tumours in 18%, adenoid cystic tumours in 15%, acinic tumours in 13%, undifferentiated tumours in 11%, adenocarcinomas in 10%, and other types in 5%. Ten-year corrected survival was 52%, and significant differences in survival were found between: 1. patients with disease stage I-IV (I: 85%, II: 69%, III: 43%, IV: 14%); 2. those with local tumour extension (34%) and without local tumour extension (79%); 3. patients with facial nerve palsy (0%) and without facial nerve palsy (57%); 4. those with low- or intermediate-grade tumours (69% combined) and those with high-grade malignant tumours (30%). Forty-five percent of the patients were cured after primary treatment, as were an additional 22% of those treated for local or neck node recurrences. It is concluded that there is a good correlation between TNM classification of UICC 1987 (stage and local extension of tumour) and prognosis, and that facial nerve palsy and grade of malignancy are important prognostic factors.
The crystallization and optical properties of LiNbO3 single crystals (2000)

LiNbO3 single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique in an air atmosphere. The critical crystal diameter Dc = 1.5 cm and the critical rate of rotation wc = 35 rpm were calculated from the dynamic of fluids equations for buoyancy-driven and forced convections under which the shape of the melt/crystal interface changed. The domain inversion was carried out at 1473 K using a 10 min 3.75 V/cm electric field. The obtained crystals were cut, polished and etched to determine the presence of dislocations and single domain structures. The lattice parameters a = 0.51494 nm, c = 1.38620 nm and V = 0.3186 nm 3 were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The optical properties were studied by infrared spectroscopy in the wave number range 20. 5000 cm -1. With decreasing temperature, an atypical behaviour of the phonon modes, due to the ferroelectric properties of LiNbO3 single crystal, could be seen. The optical constants were calculated by Kramers-Kronig analysis and the value of the critical temperature was estimated. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.
Effectiveness of Duloxetine Monotherapy Compared to Combination Therapy with Other Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Short-Term, Retrospective Study (2016)

This result suggests that the duloxetine combination therapy with other antidepressants could improve effectiveness and have comparable tolerability with the monotherapy in the treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorders in a naturalistic setting. Adequately powered, well-controlled clinical trials are strongly warranted to confirm our findings due to methodological shortcomings.
Performance of lipid fingerprint by routine matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species (2022)

Mycobacterial lipid profiling provides a means of rapid, safe, and accurate discrimination of species within the MTBC.
Sequential clinical 'scenes': A paradigm for computer-based intelligent hemodynamic monitoring (1989)

A hemodynamic abnormality such as hypovolemia or congestive heart failure frequently does not occur clinically as a discrete event, but rather may unfold in a sequence of clinical phases or “scenes”. This paper describes a prototype computer-based system being built to diagnose hemodynamic abnormalities by recognizing these scenes and the temporal relationships between them. Each scene is marked by certain physiologic findings which typically occur together. The paper therefore describes a paradigm for intelligent hemodynamic monitoring in which each diagnosis is defined as a sequence of clinical scenes, which we have named to reflect the predominant physiologic process involved; e.g., increased pericardial pressure, intravascular volume depletion, intravascular volume overload, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and hypotension. These scenes are in turn defined by temporally related clusters of patient inputs.
Supplementary Figures 1-7 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-7 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation