gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the promoter regions of H-2Kband H-2Kbm1class I MHC genes (1990)

The 2.0 kb-long nucleotide sequences of the promoter regions of two closely related class I genes of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H-2Kb and H-2Kbm1) have been determined and compared. The promoter sequence of the H-2Kbm1 gene differs from that of the H-2Kb gene by a single deletion of a 'C' at position -456 in the upstream region of H-2Kbm1 gene. The actual existence of this deletion of a single base in genomic DNA has been verified by genomic DNA hybridization, using oligonucleotide probes specific for H-2Kbm1 or H-2Kb respectively. The effect on the enhancer activity of H-2Kbm1 promoter region of the difference at position -456 has been analyzed by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay, using appropriate DdeI fragments (-533 to -408 for H-2Kbm1; -534 to -408 for H-2Kb) cloned downstream of pH-2(367)CAT gene construct. The CAT activity determined by the H-2Kbm1 fragment was about 3-fold higher than that of H-2Kb, a result which probably accounts for the higher level of the H-2Kbm1 transcript and antigen in lymph node cells.
P‐89: Development of Waveguide Liquid Crystal Display for Transparent Display Applications (2019)

Waveguide liquid crystal display (WLCD) is a newly developed transparent display technology. Since polarizers and color filters are not necessary for the WLCD, high transparency is easily reached. Meanwhile, owing to the fast response time, field sequential color (FSC) can be applied to realize full color display. In this work, by optimizing materials and process conditions, we obtained lower driving voltage and higher contrast ratio than previously reported. These enhanced characteristics provide the possibility for designing larger size panel. Finally, we have developed an 8 inch full color transparent WLCD prototype and discussed the upgrading methods to improve brightness uniformity.
An overview of 3GPP enhancements on machine to machine communications (2016)

The broad connection of devices to the Internet, known as the IoT or M2M, requires lowcost power-efficient global connectivity services. New physical layer solutions, MAC procedures, and network architectures are needed to evolve the current LTE cellular systems to meet the demands of IoT services. Several steps have been taken under the 3GPP to accomplish these objectives and are included in the upcoming 3GPP LTE standards release (3GPP Release 13). In this tutorial article, we present an overview of several features included in 3GPP to accommodate the needs of M2M communications, including changes in the physical layer such as enhanced machine type communications, and new MAC and higher-layer procedures provided by extended discontinuous reception. We also briefly discuss the narrowband IoT, which is in the development stage with a target completion date of June 2016.
Supplementary Figure 4 from EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 Constitute a New Class of Potent and Highly Selective c-Met Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 240K, Dose-dependent inhibition of c-Met auto-phosphorylation in vivo. Panel A: Mice bearing established tumors, derived from s.c. injection of Hs746T gastric cancer cells, received a single dose of 3 mg/kg , 10 mg/kg , 30 mg/kg , and 100 mg/kg EMD 1214063. The pharmacokinetic profile of EMD 1214063 was defined by measuring the compound levels in plasma and tumor tissue. The lower limits of detection for EMD 1214063 were 0.007 �M (4 ng/mL) in the plasma and 0.037 �M (20 ng/mL) in tumor samples. The levels of c-Met auto-phosphorylation (Y1234/Y1235) were assessed by Western blot analysis and used as a pharmacodynamic marker of activity. Each data point represents the mean � SD of the values obtained from four mice per experimental group. A data point was not shown if any of the values within the experimental group was below the detection limit. Panel B: A similar experimental approach to that already described for EMD 1214063 was used to define the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of EMD 1204831. In brief, mice bearing established Hs746T subcutaneous tumors received a single dose of 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg EMD 1204831. In the pharmacokinetic studies, the lower limits of detection for EMD 1204831 were 0.014 �M (8 ng/mL) in the plasma and tumor samples. The pharmacodynamic effects were determined by Western blot analyses of c-Met auto-phosphorylation (Y1234/Y1235). Each data point represents the mean � SD of the values obtained from four mice per experimental group. A data point was not shown if any of the values within the experimental group was below the detection limit.&lt;/p&gt;
Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022)

COVID survivors frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms that resemble cancer-therapy-related cognitive impairment, a syndrome for which white matter microglial reactivity and consequent neural dysregulation is central. Here, we explored the neurobiological effects of respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection and found white-matter-selective microglial reactivity in mice and humans. Following mild respiratory COVID in mice, persistently impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, decreased oligodendrocytes, and myelin loss were evident together with elevated CSF cytokines/chemokines including CCL11. Systemic CCL11 administration specifically caused hippocampal microglial reactivity and impaired neurogenesis. Concordantly, humans with lasting cognitive symptoms post-COVID exhibit elevated CCL11 levels. Compared with SARS-CoV-2, mild respiratory influenza in mice caused similar patterns of white-matter-selective microglial reactivity, oligodendrocyte loss, impaired neurogenesis, and elevated CCL11 at early time points, but after influenza, only elevated CCL11 and hippocampal pathology persisted. These findings illustrate similar neuropathophysiology after cancer therapy and respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection which may contribute to cognitive impairment following even mild COVID.
Preserving Privacy in Crowd-Powered Systems (2015)

It can be hard to automatically identify sensitive content in images or other media because significant context is often necessary to interpret noisy content and complex notions of sensitivity. Online crowds can help computers interpret information that cannot be understood algorithmically. However, systems that use this approach can unwittingly show workers information that should remain private. For instance, images sent to the crowd may accidentally include faces or geographic identifiers in the background, and information pertaining to a task (e.g., the amount of a bill) may appear alongside private information (e.g., an account number). This paper introduces an approach for using crowds to filter information from sensory data that should remain private, while retaining information needed to complete a specified task. The pyramid workflow that we introduce allows crowd workers to identify private information while never having complete access to the (potentially private) information they are filtering. Our approach is flexible, easily configurable, and can protect user information in settings where automated approaches fail. Our experiments with 4685 crowd workers show that it performs significantly better than previous approaches.
Elastography: Ultrasonic imaging of tissue strain and elastic modulus in vivo (1996)

We review the principles of elastography and some of its accomplishments to date in the area of breast imaging in vivo. We present a literature review of a variety of methods for the estimation of tissue elasticity that have been reported in the literature in the past 15 years, and of data on the elastic properties of soft tissues. This is followed by a description of elastography and its relationship to the theory of elasticity. The principles underlying the elastography imaging technique, and methods for time delay estimations and their tradeoffs are discussed. We then present results of computer simulations, phantom and tissue studies in vitro, and some breast imaging studies in vivo. After a discussion of the origin and appearance of some important elastographic artifacts, we conclude with some general observations and conclusions.
A Generic Surface Micromachining Module for Mems Hermetic Packaging at Temperatures Below 200 degrees C (2007)

This paper presents the different processing steps of a new generic surface micromachining module for MEMS hermetic packaging at temperatures around 180 degrees C based on nickel plating and photoresist sacrificial layers. The advantages of thin film caps are the reduced thickness and area consumption and the promise of being a low-cost batch process. Moreover, sealing happens by a reflow technique, giving the freedom of choosing the pressure and atmosphere inside the cavity. Sacrificial etch holes are situated above the device allowing shorter release times compared to the state-of-the-art. With the so-called over-plating process, small etch holes can be created in the membrane without the need of expensive lithography tools. The etch holes in the membrane have been shown to be sufficiently small to block the sealing material to pass through, but still large enough to enable an efficient release.
Modeling vibration-induced halftone banding in a xerographic laser printer (1995)

In a raster scanning printer, a laser beam is scanned
across a photoreceptor in a direction perpendicular to the photoreceptor motion. When there is vibratory motion of the photoreceptor or wobble in the polygon mirror, the raster lines on the photoreceptor will not be evenly spaced. We analyze the positioning error and show that fractional raster spacing error is equal to photoreceptor fractional velocity error. These raster position errors can result in various print defects, of which halftone banding is the dominant defect. The dependences of halftone banding are examined using a first-order geometry-based printing model, an exposure model, and a more sophisticated laser imaging model coupled with a xerography model. The system model is used to calculate print reflectance modulation due to vibrations in both charged-area and discharged-area
development modes using insulative or conductive development. System parameters examined are halftone frequency, raster frequency, average reflectance, vibration frequency, and multiple-beam interlace spacing.
The C. elegans pvf‐1 gene encodes a PDGF/VEGF‐like factor able to bind mammalian VEGF receptors and to induce angiogenesis (2006)

Members of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family have been implicated in a variety of functions in vertebrates, especially angiogenesis. Here we identify and characterize a PDGF/VEGF-like factor (named PVF-1) from the nematode C. elegans. We show that PVF-1 has biochemical properties similar to vertebrate PDGF/VEGF growth factors. More important, PVF-1 binds to the human receptors VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR) and is able to induce angiogenesis in two model systems derived from vertebrates. Our results highlight the widespread evolutionary conservation of this important class of growth factors and raise the possibility that C. elegans can provide a simple experimental system in which to investigate how these factors function.
Cooperative Catalysis for Multistep Biomass Conversion with Sn/Al Beta Zeolite (2014)

Lewis acid Snβ-type zeolites with varying amounts of Brønsted acid Al in the framework were synthesized using a simple two-step procedure comprising partial dealumination of β zeolite under action of acid, followed by grafting with SnCl4·5H2O in dry isopropanol. Characterization of the thus-prepared Al-containing Snβ (Sn/pDeAlβ) zeolites with ICP, (pyridine probed) FTIR, and 27Al MAS NMR demonstrates the presence of Brønsted acid framework AlIII. Tetrahedral Lewis acidic SnIV is present, as ascertained by a combination of techniques such as EPMA, 119Sn Möβbauer, XPS, (pyridine probed) FTIR, and UV–vis. A closed SnIV configuration was implied by comparing of 119Sn solid-state MAS NMR and deuterated acetonitrile probed FTIR spectra with literature. The catalytic activity of the Al-containing Snβ was tested for the conversion of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) into ethyl lactate (ELA), proceeding via pyruvic aldehyde (PAL). Despite the difference in synthesis between the classic hydrothermal Snβ reference and Sn/pDeAlβ, the activity of Sn for the Lewis acid-catalyzed hydride shift of PAL to ELA is similar. Yet, the overall reaction rate of DHA into ELA is faster with Sn/pDeAlβ because Brønsted acidity of the remaining framework AlIII facilitates the rate-determining dehydration of DHA into PAL. Materials containing moderate amounts of Al (0.3 wt % Al) show the highest ELA productivities, leading to a record value of 2113 g ELA·kg catalyst–1·h–1 at 363 K. The cooperative effect of Lewis SnIV and Brønsted AlIII acid sites is verified by comparing catalytic data with physical mixtures of partially dealuminated β zeolite and Al-free Snβ.
Differential tumor biological role of the tumor suppressor KAI1 and its splice variant in human breast cancer cells (2018)

The tetraspanin and tumor suppressor KAI1 is downregulated or lost in many cancers which correlates with poor prognosis. KAI1 acts via physical/functional crosstalk with other membrane receptors. Also, a splice variant of KAI1 (KAI1-SP) has been identified indicative of poor prognosis. We here characterized differential effects of the two KAI1 variants on tumor biological events involving integrin (αvß3) and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). In MDA-MB-231 and -435 breast cancer cells, differential effects were documented on the expression levels of the tumor biologically relevant integrin αvß3 which colocalized with KAI1-WT but not with KAI1-SP. Cellular motility was assessed by video image processing, including motion detection and vector analysis for the quantification and visualization of cell motion parameters. In MDA-MB-231 cells, KAI1-SP provoked a quicker wound gap closure and higher closure rates than KAI1-WT, also reflected by different velocities and average motion amplitudes of singular cells. KAI1-SP induced highest cell motion adjacent to the wound gap borders, whereas in MDA-MB-435 cells a comparable induction of both KAI1 variants was noticed. Moreover, while KAI1-WT reduced cell growth, KAI1-SP significantly increased it going along with a pronounced EGF-R upregulation. KAI1-SP-induced cell migration and proliferation was accompanied by the activation of the focal adhesion and Src kinase. Our findings suggest that splicing of KAI1 does not only abrogate its tumor suppressive functions, but even more, promotes tumor biological effects in favor of cancer progression and metastasis.
Choroidal perfusion measurements made with optical coherence tomography (2005)

Choroidal perfusion measurements are complicated by the choroid's location posterior to the retina and its associated retinal blood vessels. Optical coherence tomography is a relatively new imaging technique with sufficient spatial resolution to isolate choroidal backscattering events from the posterior eye. We modified a speckle imaging algorithm to analyze sequential axial depth scans obtained from posterior rat eye to obtain an indicator of choroidal perfusion. This indicator is correlated with known changes in choroidal blood flow in response to increased intraocular pressure.
Visualizing Hypothalamic Network Dynamics for Appetitive and Consummatory Behaviors (2020)

Optimally orchestrating complex behavioral states such as the pursuit and consumption of food is critical for an organism’s survival. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a neuroanatomical region essential for appetitive and consummatory behaviors, but whether individual neurons within the LH differentially contribute to these interconnected processes is unknown. Here we show that selective optogenetic stimulation of a molecularly defined subset of LH GABAergic (Vgat-expressing) neurons enhances both appetitive and consummatory behaviors, while genetic ablation of these neurons reduced these phenotypes. Furthermore, this targeted LH subpopulation is distinct from cells containing the feeding-related neuropeptides, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin (Orx). Employing in vivo calcium imaging in freely behaving mice, to record activity dynamics from hundreds of cells, we identified individual LH GABAergic neurons that preferentially encode aspects of either appetitive or consummatory behaviors, but rarely both. These tightly regulated, yet highly intertwined, behavioral processes are thus dissociable at the cellular level.
Composite corporate traveling-wave power dividers for slot array waveguide antennas (2008)

A composite corporate traveling-wave power divider is presented. The single-layer structure is composed of three parts: two interdigital traveling-wave subsections combined with a power splitter. An iterative design technique is described in which the divider is split into a number of basic blocks. Large-scaled networks are then easily designed because the whole structure does not need to be simulated. A method to take into account the insertion losses is also proposed and bandwidth enhancement is discussed, which is done by increasing the number of corporate layers. Experimental results are also shown for a 1:4 subsection. It provides equal output power with 0.5 dB of insertion loss. The phase-shift between output ports is close to the specifications of −150° at 30 GHz, with an error of less than 2°. It is also shown that this topology is well suited for frequency scanning antenna. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
Ultrafast 1 MHz vacuum-ultraviolet source via highly cascaded harmonic\n generation in negative-curvature hollow-core fibers (2020)

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light is critical for the study of molecules and\nmaterials, but the generation of femtosecond pulses in the VUV region at high\nrepetition rates has proven difficult. Here, we demonstrate the efficient\ngeneration of VUV light at MHz repetition rates using highly cascaded four-wave\nmixing processes in a negative-curvature hollow-core fiber. Both even and odd\norder harmonics are generated up to the 15th harmonic (69 nm, 18.0 eV), with\nhigh energy resolution of ~40 meV. In contrast to direct high harmonic\ngeneration, this highly cascaded harmonic generation process requires lower\npeak intensity and therefore can operate at higher repetition rates, driven by\na robust ~10 W fiber-laser system in a compact setup. Additionally, we present\nnumerical simulations that explore the fundamental capabilities and\nspatiotemporal dynamics of highly cascaded harmonic generation. This VUV source\ncan enhance the capabilities of spectroscopies of molecular and quantum\nmaterials, such as photoionization mass spectrometry and time , angle , and\nspin-resolved photoemission.\n
Reduction of Serum Cytokeratin-3A9 is Associated with Chemotherapeutic Response in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2015)

CK-3A9 appeared to be a new biomarker for reliable, cost-effective prediction of the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC, although the results should be confirmed in larger studies.
Blind subspace identification of a BPSK communication channel (2002)

This paper considers the problem of blind estimation of multiple FIR channels. When a subspace algorithm is applied to the blind identification problem, incorporating information about the symbol constellation is in general not possible. However, by exploiting special properties of one dimensional symbol constellations (BPSK), it is shown that it is possible to improve or simplify a class of algorithms for blind channel identification. It is also shown that in the case of one dimensional symbol constellations there is a third way, apart from multiple antennas and oversampling, of arriving at a multichannel representation of the communication system.
Rotation speed control of Janus particles by dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic channel (2010)

In this work, Janus particles (Au/fluorescent polystyrene) are fabricated and their flip/flop rotational effect is studied in a microfluidic channel thanks to dielectrophoresis, providing a new type of local light switch. A method for producing large amounts (more than 106 particles/ml) of Janus particles is first presented. Those particles were then injected in an electromicrofluidic chip and stabilized in the fluid by a dielectrophoretic trap. The spanning frequency of this trap allowed performing a “flip-flop” effect of the Janus particles by recording their fluorescent intensities. Flip (Au top side) and flop (PS top side) frequencies are identified. Finally, experiments were performed on the time triggered commutations between flip and flop frequencies to define the capability of each Janus particle to sustain speed control of their flip-flop.
A unified method for evaluating real-time computer controllers : a case study (1982)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7580/5/bad2174.0001.001.pdf
X‐inactivation reveals epigenetic anomalies in most hESC but identifies sublines that initiate as expected (2008)

The clinical and research value of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) depends upon maintaining their epigenetically naïve, fully undifferentiated state. Inactivation of one X chromosome in each cell of mammalian female embryos is a paradigm for one of the earliest steps in cell specialization through formation of facultative heterochromatin. Mouse ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst stage embryos prior to X-inactivation, and cultured murine ES cells initiate this process only upon differentiation. Less is known about human X-inactivation during early development. To identify a human ES cell model for X-inactivation and study differences in the epigenetic state of hESC lines, we investigated X-inactivation in all growth competent, karyotypically normal, NIH approved, female hESC lines and several sublines. In the vast majority of undifferentiated cultures of nine lines examined, essentially all cells exhibit hallmarks of X-inactivation. However, subcultures of any hESC line can vary in X-inactivation status, comprising distinct sublines. Importantly, we identified rare sublines that have not yet inactivated Xi and retain competence to undergo X-inactivation upon differentiation. Other sublines exhibit defects in counting or maintenance of XIST expression on Xi. The few hESC sublines identified that have not yet inactivated Xi may reflect the earlier epigenetic state of the human ICM and represent the most promising source of NIH hESC for study of human X-inactivation. The many epigenetic anomalies seen indicate that maintenance of fully unspecialized cells, which have not formed Xi facultative heterochromatin, is a delicate epigenetic balance difficult to maintain in culture.
ChemInform Abstract: (Trimethylsilyl)allene (2012)

Abstract Review: 25 refs.