gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Perfused Foveal Microvascular Density and Identification of Nonperfused Capillaries in Healthy and Vasculopathic Eyes (2014)

AOSLO FA provides an in vivo method for estimating foveal microvascular density and reveals occult nonperfused retinal capillaries. Nonperfused capillaries in healthy young adults may represent a normal variation and/or an early sign of pathology. Although limited, the normative data presented here is a step toward developing clinically useful microvascular parameters for ocular and/or systemic diseases.
Design, synthesis, and cytostatic activity of novel pyrazine sorafenib analogs (2016)

The current study is focused on a series of sorafenib analogs as potential antitumor agents. We have designed and synthesized nine novel pyrazine analogs 6a–i differing in amide and/or urea regions. Two alternative strategies for the preparation of title compounds were applied. The first strategy involved ether formation between 4-hydroxyphenyl urea 3 and 5-chloro-pyrazine-2-carboxamides 4. In the second strategy, ether functionality was introduced in the molecule before urea moiety and included preparation of 5-(4-aminophenoxy)-N-alkylpyrazine-2-carboxamides 5 and their reaction with 4-chloro-3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate. Cytostatic activity of the title compounds was evaluated in vitro against a panel of cancer cell lines. Most of the tested compounds showed strong antiproliferative activity in the low micromolar range. 5-/4-[3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ureido]-phenoxy/-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-amide (6g) was the most active compound (IC50 0.9–7.5 μM) and showed comparable or stronger activity than sorafenib, but also similar cytotoxicity to normal human fibroblast cells. Two compounds, namely, 5-/4-[3-(4-bromophenyl)-ureido]-phenyloxy/-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide (6c) and 5-/4-[3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ureido]-phenoxy/-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide (6h), exerted cytostatic activities that surpassed the effects observed with sorafenib in three cancer cell lines (HepG2, HeLa, A549, IC50 0.6–0.9 μM). Similar to sorafenib, compound 6h proved to be cytotoxic to normal human fibroblast cells, whereas compound 6c did not diminish proliferative capacity of these cells and could be regarded as the most promising derivative. Additional biological studies on the c-Raf activity using Western blot method revealed that antiproliferative activity of 6h could be at least partially attributed to its inhibitory effect on c-Raf activation similar to sorafenib. In contrast, 6c did not inhibit the activity of c-Raf, which implies that other cell signaling pathways govern its antiproliferative effects. Taking into account structural differences between compounds 6c and 6h, it is plausible to believe that the substituent in urea part of the molecule is essential for the interaction with c-Raf.
Biochemical characterization of prostatic nuclei. I. Androgen-induced changes in nuclear proteins. (1971)

Abstract 1. The fractional recovery of rat prostatic nuclei isolated by centrifugation differed markedly at various phases of androgen-induced growth. Nuclei obtained from prostate glands that had been under the influence of androgen (either endogenous or exogenous), were obtained in much lower yield in comparison to nuclei isolated from animals that had been deprived of androgen by castration. These differences in the facility of isolation of nuclei were abolished either by removing the outer membranes of the nuclei by treatment with Triton X-100 or by appropriate changes in the Mg2+ concentration of the isolation medium. 2. The volumes of the nuclei of prostatic epithelial cells obtained from glands in various states of testosterone-induced growth differ markedly. Similar observations were made with the isolated nuclei. The lowest nuclear volumes were observed in the prostates of castrated animals and these changes could be reversed by androgen therapy. 3. The ratio of the total amount of nuclear protein to the amount of DNA decreased following castration, and could be restored by 3 days of androgen therapy. When the nuclear proteins were fractioned into groups, the ratios of the isolated soluble (S1), histone (H), and acidic (A) proteins to the amounts of DNA correlated with the overall changes in the total nuclear protein to DNA ratios. In contrast, the ratios of membrane (M) and soluble (S2) proteins were not significantly altered during the entire course of androgen deprival and treatment. 4. Resolution of various classes of nuclear proteins by disc-gel electrophoresis, revealed that the patterns of the soluble proteins changed markedly following castration and were restored to normal patterns following testosterone administration. In addition, the very lysine-rich histone (F1), decreased appreciably following castration but was restored to control levels by testosterone administration. Several of the nuclear membrane proteins appeared also to be altered both quantitatively and qualitatively by androgen treatment. In contrast, while the total amount of acidic and residual nuclear proteins decreased with castration, there was nevertheless only minimal qualitative changes in their electrophoretic patterns.
CD antigens 2001 (2001)

Abstract This paper reviews the Seventh Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen (HLDA7) workshop. Due to the limitations of “blind” antibody screening, which had been evident at the previous meeting in 1996, participants at HLDA7 adopted a more selective approach to the choice of antibodies by identifying new CD specificities. This resulted in the addition of more than 80 new CD specificities. Plans for the eighth and subsequent workshops are also previewed.
Investigating CM Voltage and Its Measurement for AC/DC Power Adapters to Meet Touchscreen Immunity Requirement (2018)

The common-mode (CM) noise at the output of ac/dc power adapters can interfere with touchscreen's normal operation in consumer electronic products. Existing power adapter's output CM voltage measurement used in power electronics industry does not align with the touchscreen's sensitivity test used by touchscreen manufacturers. This paper first reviews existing measurement setups and identifies the technical issues in the tests. The CM noise source impedance of ac/dc power adapters and the characteristics of touchscreens are investigated. A new measurement setup is proposed based on both the characteristics of CM noise source of power adapters and touchscreens. A CM voltage limit is also proposed with industry companies. A measurement device is developed for the proposed measurement setup and procedure. The experimental results validate the proposed techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Organic Sulfides by Br2 and H2O2. Electrophilic and Free‐Radical Processes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluating a modified PCA approach on network anomaly detection (2014)

As the number, complexity and diversity of cyber threats continues to increase, anomaly detection techniques have proven to be a powerful technique to augment existing methods of security threat detection. Research has shown that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an anomaly detection method known to be viable for pinpointing the existence of anomalies in network traffic. Despite its recognized utility in detecting cyber threats, previous relevant research work has highlighted certain inconsistencies when the classical PCA method is used to detect anomalies in network traffic, resulting in false positives and false negatives. Specifically, it has been shown that the efficiency of the results are highly dependent on the nature of the input data and the calibration of its parameters. In classical PCA, the parameters have to be carefully selected in order to correctly define the normal and abnormal space. By obtaining real network traffic traces from a small enterprise and artificially injecting anomalies, we experiment with a modified PCA method to address the above shortcomings. The results of our experimentation are encouraging. The results indicate our modified PCA method may possess promising capabilities to efficiently detect network anomalies while addressing some of the limitations of the classic PCA approach.
A Review of Clearance Control Wear Mechanisms for Low Temperature Aluminium Silicon Alloys (1998)

Abstract Aluminium silicon alloys have shown favourable properties when used as the matrix for abradable coatings in low pressure compressors of gas turbines [1 and 2]. This paper aims to describe the wear mechanisms found in aluminium silicon based abradables. To this end three thermally sprayed coatings are investigated. Aluminium silicon polyester, aluminium silicon-graphite and the most recently developed, aluminium silicon-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) examined here are amongst a few of these materials. To be able to design materials to function in as wide a parameter range as possible, a test ng simulating engine mechanisms is required. Tests were conducted using titanium blades at velocities ranging from 250 - 450 m/s, temperatures of ambient to 450°C and controlled incursion rate of 5, 50 and 500 µm/s. The data obtained from these tests is best interpreted in the form of wear maps which characterise the seal performance and therefore are of use to engine and material designers.
Dust Weight and Asthma Prevalence in the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing (NSLAH) (2006)

Dust weight, an index of total dust exposure in the home, may contribute to respiratory outcomes independently of the exposure to specific components.
Sustainable synthesis of enantiopure fluorolactam derivatives by a selective direct fluorination – amidase strategy (2015)

Chiral fluorolactam derivatives bearing a fluorine atom at a stereogenic centre were synthesized by a combination of selective direct fluorination using fluorine gas and a biochemical amidase cyclisation process.
Uniform waveguide dispersion segmented-core designs for dispersion-shifted single-mode fibers (1984)

For SiO2-GeO2 based fibers fabricated by vapor deposition techniques, the wavelength regions of low attenuation occur near 1300 and 1550 nm. With single-mode systems operating in the 1300-nm window becoming a commercial reality, research is under way to design and fabricate fibers that utilize the potentially lower loss possible in the 1550-nm window. These designs, with zero dispersion wavelength also shifted to the 1550-nm window, allow simultaneously low loss and low dispersion with conventional laser diodes.
The First Measurement of Cohesive Force Distributions in Powder Flow: New Insights into the Effect of Metal Oxide Surface Additives on Xerographic Toner (2002)

The Hosokawa powder tester has been used for years to determine cohesion of bulk powders, including toner. For the first time a method is demonstrated to measure cohesive force distributions, rather than just average values, using the Hosokawa tester. The method is demonstrated for toner, varying surface additive composition and loading. Force distributions are shown to be generally log-normal. Both the mean and width of the distributions generally decrease with increased surface additive loading. Thus, better flow with additives decreases peak cohesion and distribution width.
On the use of commercial FEM electromagnetic software in an undergraduate curriculum (2004)

We explore the use of finite element method software as an enabling tool for an undergraduate electromagnetic curriculum. The software is used in upper level undergraduate courses taken after the basic electromagnetics courses. The advantages and disadvantages discovered during the implementation of this software are discussed and the driving factors for the design of "virtual labs" are introduced.
Ga 0.47 In 0.53 As/Al 0.48 In 0.52 As multiquantum-well LEDs emitting at 1.6 μm (1983)

Edge-emitting diodes made from Ga0.47In0.53As and Al0.48In0.52As, grown lattice-matched on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with room-temperature emission at 1.60 μm, are reported. A multiquantum-well structure is used to shift the emission by 54 meV from 0.73 eV toward higher energy.
Distinction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization and infection enhancement by human monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein 120. (1992)

There is increasing evidence that sera from HIV-1-infected individuals contain antibodies that enhance infection by HIV-1 in vitro. Previous work has demonstrated that complement receptors on T lymphoid cells and Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) on monocytic cells are required for enhanced infection by antibody-complexed HIV-1. Characterization of such infection-enhancing antibodies is essential because immunogenic epitopes which induce enhancing antibodies should be excluded from HIV-1 vaccines. This study was conducted to identify enhancing antibodies involved in Fc R-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection employing IgG human monoclonal antibodies (HMAbs) reactive against gp120 of HIV-1, which were produced by B cell lines derived from an HIV-1-infected individual. A potent neutralizing HMAb N70-1.5e did not enhance infection by HIV-1 (IIIB and MN strains), whereas HMAb N70-2.3a mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection, but had little neutralizing activity. A competition radio immunoassay demonstrated that the two antibodies bind to distinct epitopes. These results indicated that enhancing and neutralizing antibodies can be induced by different epitopes on gp120, suggesting the potential for development of safe vaccines against HIV-1 by exclusion of immunogenic epitopes for enhancing antibodies. We made attempts to identify the epitope on gp120 that is recognized by the enhancing antibody N70-2.3a by using recombinant HIV-1 proteins and found that the antibody binds to a conformational site of nonvariable sequences in the carboxyl half (aa 272-509) of gp120.
Quantification of Extracellular Matrix Proteins from a Rat Lung Scaffold to Provide a Molecular Readout for Tissue Engineering (2015)

The use of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, derived from decellularized tissues for engineered organ generation, holds enormous potential in the field of regenerative medicine. To support organ engineering efforts, we developed a targeted proteomics method to extract and quantify extracellular matrix components from tissues. Our method provides more complete and accurate protein characterization than traditional approaches. This is accomplished through the analysis of both the chaotrope-soluble and -insoluble protein fractions and using recombinantly generated stable isotope labeled peptides for endogenous protein quantification. Using this approach, we have generated 74 peptides, representing 56 proteins to quantify protein in native (nondecellularized) and decellularized lung matrices. We have focused on proteins of the ECM and additional intracellular proteins that are challenging to remove during the decellularization procedure. Results indicate that the acellular lung scaffold is predominantly composed of structural collagens, with the majority of these proteins found in the insoluble ECM, a fraction that is often discarded using widely accepted proteomic methods. The decellularization procedure removes over 98% of intracellular proteins evaluated and retains, to varying degrees, proteoglycans and glycoproteins of the ECM. Accurate characterization of ECM proteins from tissue samples will help advance organ engineering efforts by generating a molecular readout that can be correlated with functional outcome to drive the next generation of engineered organs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Surface Hydroxyl Density on Photocatalytic Oxygen Generation in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions. (1988)

Abstract TiO 2 powders with various surface hydroxyl densities are prepared by thermal treatment (7 h at 600‐1000 °C) and their activity for photocatalytic O 2 evolution in aqueous suspensions is studied in the presence of various electron acceptors (AgNO 3 , K 2 PtCl 4 and KBrO 3 ).
The clinical management of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. (2014)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by peripheral monocytosis and ineffective hematopoiesis. It has been historically classified as a subtype of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) but was recently demonstrated to be a distinct entity with a distinct natural history. Nonetheless, clinical practice guidelines for CMML have been inferred from studies designed for MDSs. It is imperative that clinicians understand which elements of MDS clinical practice are translatable to CMML, including which evidence has been generated from CMML-specific studies and which has not. This allows for an evidence-based approach to the treatment of CMML and identifies knowledge gaps in need of further study in a disease-specific manner. This review discusses the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CMML, with the task of divorcing aspects of MDS practice that have not been demonstrated to be applicable to CMML and merging those that have been shown to be clinically similar.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Charge Separation and Recombination Kinetics in a Dimeric Iridium(I) Complex with Covalently Bound Alkylpyridinium Acceptors. (1988)

Abstract The intramolecular electron‐transfer reactions are investigated for the donor‐acceptor systems (I).
An Electric‐Field‐Responsive Discotic Liquid‐Crystalline Hexa‐peri‐Hexabenzocoronene/Oligothiophene Hybrid (2013)

A novel hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene/oligothiophene hybrid is shown to self-assemble into a hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline phase, and respond to applied electric fields resulting in uniform homeotropic or parallel alignment depending upon the electrode structure. Furthermore, the columnar orientation can be maintained even after removal of the electric field unless the material is heated above the clearing temperature.
Practical Fractional-Order Variable-Gain Supertwisting Control With Application to Wafer Stages of Photolithography Systems (2021)

In this article, a practical fractional-order variable-gain supertwisting algorithm (PFVSTA) is proposed to improve the tracking performance of wafer stages for semiconductor manufacturing. Based on the sliding- mode control, the proposed PFVSTA enhances the tracking performance from three aspects: 1) alleviating the chattering phenomenon via a supertwisting algorithm and a novel fractional-order sliding surface (FSS) design; 2) improving the dynamics of states on the sliding surface with fast response and small overshoots via the designed novel FSS; and 3) compensating for disturbances via variable-gain control law. Based on practical conditions, this article analyzes the stability of the controller and illustrates the theoretical principle to compensate for the uncertainties caused by accelerations. Moreover, numerical simulations prove the effectiveness of the proposed sliding surface and control scheme, and they are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. Finally, practice-based comparative experiments are conducted. The results show that the proposed PFVSTA can achieve much better tracking performance than the conventional methods from various perspectives.
RNA‐Dependent DNA Polymerases (1987)

Reverse transcriptases are derived from retroviruses which use them to make DNA copies of their RNA genomes. They are multifunctional enzymes, but they are mainly used as RNA-directed DNA polymerases. Specifically, deoxyoligonucleotides (either oligo(dT) polymers, a collection of random DNA sequences, or a specific sequence) are used as primers for extension on RNA (usually messenger RNA) templates. The DNA synthesized from the RNA template is referred to as complementary DNA (cDNA). This unit describes appropriate reaction conditions along with applications such as synthesizing cDNA for insertion into bacterial cloning vectors, filling in and labeling the 3'termini of DNA fragments with 5' protruding ends, and its use for DNA sequencing in place of Klenow fragment.
A preliminary study of sleep spindles across non-rapid eye movement sleep stages in children with autism spectrum disorder (2022)

The lower spindle density in stage 2 and relatively higher density in stage 3 in children with ASD may represent an abnormal generation of spindles due to insufficient maturation of the thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical network.
Self-supervised 6D Object Pose Estimation for Robot Manipulation (2019)

To teach robots skills, it is crucial to obtain data with supervision. Since annotating real world data is time-consuming and expensive, enabling robots to learn in a self-supervised way is important. In this work, we introduce a robot system for self-supervised 6D object pose estimation. Starting from modules trained in simulation, our system is able to label real world images with accurate 6D object poses for self-supervised learning. In addition, the robot interacts with objects in the environment to change the object configuration by grasping or pushing objects. In this way, our system is able to continuously collect data and improve its pose estimation modules. We show that the self-supervised learning improves object segmentation and 6D pose estimation performance, and consequently enables the system to grasp objects more reliably. A video showing the experiments can be found at https://youtu.be/W1Y0Mmh1Gd8.
Unusual Features in Absorption Spectra Arising from Coupled Potential Surfaces (1992)

Abstract The purpose of this Comment is to introduce the calculation and interpretation of unusual features in absorption spectra arising from coupied potential surfaces by using time dependent theory. A wide variety of spectroscopic phenomena are examined and spectra are calculated with new time dependent quantum mechanical methods. Examples include intensity borrowing, vibronic structure in intraconfigurational d-d transitions, interference dips on broad, unresolved absorption bands, the Jahn—Teller effect in the final state of an absorption transition and the intervalence absorption band. Comparisons of the theoretical calculations with experimental spectra are given and the potential for future applications is discussed.
The Biochemical Basis for Stereochemical Control in Polyketide Biosynthesis (2009)

One of the most striking features of complex polyketides is the presence of numerous methyl- and hydroxyl-bearing stereogenic centers. To investigate the biochemical basis for the control of polyketide stereochemistry and to establish the timing and mechanism of the epimerization at methyl-bearing centers, a series of incubations was carried out using reconstituted components from a variety of modular polyketide synthases. In all cases the stereochemistry of the product was directly correlated with the intrinsic stereospecificity of the ketoreductase domain, independent of the particular chain elongation domains that were used, thereby establishing that methyl group epimerization, when it does occur, takes place after ketosynthase-catalyzed chain elongation. The finding that there were only minor differences in the rates of product formation observed for parallel incubations using an epimerizing ketoreductase domain and the nonepimerizing ketoreductase domain supports the proposal that the epimerization is catalyzed by the ketoreductase domain itself.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Inactivation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A Enhances Antitumoral Immune Response by Promoting Dendritic Cell and T Lymphocyte Infiltration (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Inactivation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A Enhances Antitumoral Immune Response by Promoting Dendritic Cell and T Lymphocyte Infiltration