gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro model of inflammatory, hypoxia, and cancer stem cell signaling in pancreatic cancer using heterocellular 3-dimensional spheroids (2018)

Abstract Introduction As one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide, pancreatic cancer is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. The pancreatic tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and other tumor associated cells. Cross-talk between these different cell types through various signaling molecules results in the development of a more aggressive and malignant phenotype. Additionally, due to the highly dysregulated vasculature of tumors, the inner tumor core becomes hypoxic and eventually necrotic. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a physiologically relevant in vitro model that recapitulates these dynamic cell-cell interactions and the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of pancreatic tumors. Methods Four different 3D co-culture spheroid models using different combinations of Panc-1 tumor cells, J774.A1 macrophages, and NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell lines were reproducibly developed using the hanging drop technique in order to mimic the tumor microenvironment and to evaluate the differences in expression of various inflammatory, hypoxia, and cancer stem cell markers, including IL-8, TNF-α, TGF-β, HIF-1α HIF-2α, SCF, and LDH-A. Additionally, immunofluorescence studies were employed to investigate whether these spheroids tested positive for a cancer stem cell population. Results Pronounced differences in morphology as well as expression of signalling markers were observed using qPCR, indicative of strong influences of co-culturing different cell lines. These models also tested positive for cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers based on immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the potential of 3D co-culture spheroid models to capture the inflammatory and hypoxic markers of pancreatic tumor microenvironment. We further demonstrate the presence of cancer cells with stem cell markers, similar to actual pancreatic cancer tumor. These spheroids present excellent in vitro system to study tumor-immune-stromal cell interactions as well as test deliverability of potential therapeutics in the tumor microenvironment with accurate physical and physiological barriers.
Effect of Huanglongbing on the Volatile Organic Compound Profile of Fruit Juice and Peel Oil in ‘Ray Ruby’ Grapefruit (2023)

Along with orange and mandarin, grapefruit production in Florida has declined sharply due to Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening disease, caused by <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus (<i>C</i>Las). HLB affects the volatile profiles of juice and peel oil in oranges, but there is limited information on grapefruit. In this research, 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit were harvested in 2020 and 2021 from healthy (HLB-) and HLB-affected (HLB+) trees. Peel oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the volatiles were analyzed by direct injection of the oil samples into gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatiles in the juice were analyzed by headspace (HS)-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS. HLB significantly altered the volatile profiles of peel oil and juice in 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit. Juice samples of HLB+ fruits had lower decanal, nonanal, and octanal, important citrus juice flavor compounds. HLB+ samples also showed reduced content of nonterpene compounds, other aliphatic and terpene aldehydes, and terpene ketones. Ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butanoate were increased in HLB+ juice samples, indicating an HLB-induced stress response. The most abundant compounds D-limonene and β-caryophyllene, as well as other sesquiterpenes, were increased in HLB+ juice and peel oil samples. On the other hand, the oxidative/dehydrogenated terpenes were increased by HLB in peel oil but decreased in the juice sample. Nootkatone, the key grapefruit volatile was consistently reduced by HLB in both peel oil and juice samples. The impact of HLB on nootkatone deteriorated the quality of both juice and peel oil in grapefruits.
On the Performance of the Berner Low Pressure Impactor (1991)

Particle collection characteristics of the compressible flow stages 1-6 of the Berner low-pressure impactor (BLPI, Hauke Aeras 25-4/0.015)have been studied.A new, real-time impactor stage efficiency measurement system has been developed.It is based on the use of two electrometers, one connected to the collection plate of the impactor, and the other to the backup filter.This method is used with singly charged, monodisperse dioctyl phthalate (DOP) particles to determine the shape of the collection efficiency curves of the BLPI.In addition, particle collection characteristics have been studied using fluorometric analysis.A new method for substrate film greasing is also introduced.Experimental cut diameters of stages 1-6, as determined with DOP particles using electrical measurement method, are 0.034, 0.066, 0.094, 0.17, 0.33, and 0.55 pm.They are clearly larger than corresponding values given by the manufacturer.The average of the square root of the Stokes number at 50% collection efficiency, based on experimental cut diameters and evaluated at stage conditions, is 0.465.For solid ammonium fluorescein particles the collection efficiency of high-velocity stages (1-6) was poor, although the substrates (Mylar film) were greased with Apiezon L vacuum grease.Using experimentally determined stage pressures and calculated cut diameters it was established that the compressible flow stages of different units of the same BLPI model may have significantly different cut diameters.The effect of temperature and pressure on cutoff diameters at atmospheric conditions near ground level is also discussed.
Sensory Assessment of Loudspeakers Considering Multiple Factors (2009)

A new sensory test method is proposed in this paper. These days, users are demanding both amenity value and comfort in products. To provide comfort, it is necessary to measure the human senses. Various sensory test methods have been developed. Scheffe's paired comparison is one such widely used sensory test method. Nakaya's method was developed based on Scheffe's paired comparison. It estimates human senses and makes it possible to add a score to the samples. Nakaya's established method can separate the main effect, individual effect, and the combined effect. If there are any other factors that affect the samples' assessments, they will be neglected. Therefore, the main effect - if it is significant - also tends to be neglected with Nakaya's method when there are multiple environmental factors. The method proposed here solves these problems while still maintaining the merits of the established methods. Our proposed sensory test method uses multiple factors in its model. Therefore this method enables us to separate many environmental factors, the effects are detected correctly and circumstantially. Furthermore, this method is sensitive to the main effect because many environmental factors are considered. The proposed method was applied in an assessment of the psycho-acoustics of loudspeakers, and was found to be useful in sensory tests when differences were small and when there were only a few subjects.
Backbone cyclic insulin (2010)

Backbone cyclic insulin was designed and prepared by reverse proteolysis in partial organic solvent of a single-chain precursor expressed in yeast. The precursor contains two loops to bridge the two chains of native insulin. The cyclisation method uses Achromobacter lyticus protease and should be generally applicable to proteins with C-terminal lysine and proximal N-terminal. The presence of the ring-closing bond and the native insulin disulfide patterns were documented by LC-MS peptide maps. The cyclic insulin was shown to be inert towards degradation by CPY, but was somewhat labile towards chymotrypsin. Intravenous administration of the cyclic insulin to Wistar rats showed the compounds to be equipotent to HI despite much lower insulin receptor affinity.
The Quinones of Nepenthes rafflesiana . The Crystal Structure of 2,5-Dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxy-7-methylnaphtho-1,4-quinone (Nepenthone-E) and a Synthesis of 2,5-Dihydroxy-3-Methoxy-7-methylnaphtho-1,4-quinone (Nepenthone-C) (1980)

Plumbagin (1), droserone (2), hydroxydroserone (4) and four new quinones, nepenthone-A, nepenth-one-B, nepenthone-C (17) and nepenthone-E (9), have been isolated from the roots of Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack. A fifth quinone-nepenthone-D-has been detected in the extract and has been assigned the tentative structure (29) from its spectroscopic properties. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The crystal structure of nepenthone-E (9) was determined by X-ray diffraction; diffractometer data at 295 K were refined by full-matrix least squares to a residual of 0.061 (1040 'observed' reflections). Crystals of nepenthone-E (9) are triclinic, Pi a 7.579 (4), b 7.764 (5), c 10.806 (7) ?, a 70.86 (4), ß 101.40 (5), ? 91.70 (5)°, Z 2. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The structure of nepenthone-C (17) has been confirmed by an unambiguous synthesis. A synthesis of 2,7,8-trimethoxy-3-methyl-5,6-methylenedioxynaphtho-1,4-quinone (49) has revealed that this substance (49) is not identical with the O,O-dimethyl ether of nepenthone-A, and it is suggested that nepenthone-A is either the 5- or 8-O-methyl ether of 2,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-naphtho-1,4-quinone [(36) or (37), respectively].
An integrated silicon-on-insulator continually tunable optical delay line for optical coherence tomography (2013)

We describe a new integrated rapidly tunable optical delay line optimized for optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. The integrated system uses a planar waveguide and echelle gratings combined with a specially designed micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) mirror. These components are all fabricated on the same die, thus enabling a very compact and cost effective device. The delay line system has a simulated scanning speed of more than 10 kHz and can provide a continuously tunable variable delay difference of 6.7 ps. The whole system fits on a chip of 12 mm by 8 mm.
Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Fluidic Cell to Study Electrochemistry of Microelectrodes on Silicon Substrate (2015)

A robust fixture is designed as a fluidic cell, for studying electrochemistry of planar nano/microelectrodes and electrolyte interface. The microelectrode is fabricated using standard silicon micromachining processes on a silicon wafer. The fluidic cell is built using polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The PEEK structure is machined with alignment pins and the silicon wafer is fabricated with complementary alignment fields. This ensures that the electrodes on the silicon wafer are precisely aligned to the fluidic channel and there is minimal parasitic capacitance due to the overlap of the electrode with the conducting electrolyte in the system. The set-up was used to measure current flow across the electrode-electrolyte interface. Using the set-up gold-thiol interface of area with an opening of diameter 1 μm was characterized.
Coded Aperture Correlation Holography (COACH) - A Research Journey from 3D Incoherent Optical Imaging to Quantitative Phase Imaging (2022)

Coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) combines incoherent digital holography with coded aperture imaging. COACH is also a method to record incoherent digital holograms of three-dimensional object scenes. Still, COACH can be used for several other incoherent and coherent optical applications. In this chapter, we survey the prime landmarks on the topic of COACH from two major perspectives: architectures and applications of the various systems. We explore the main configurations of hologram recorders in the COACH systems. For each design, we describe some of the recent implementations of these recorders in optical imaging. We conclude the chapter with general ideas on this technology.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Syntheses of the C‐1 Sidechains (VII) and (IX) of Zaragozic Acid A and Zaragozic Acid C. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Synthetic approaches to long-wavelength photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy</title> (1991)

Syntheses and chemical characterization of a number of new porphyrin-derived sensitizers related to ''benzoporphyrin derivative'' (BPD) are described. The work discussed centers in solving the isomer problem inherent in BPD synthesis from protoporphyrin IX, with regard to the 2- and 4-vinyls and the 6- and 7-propionic acid groups (Fischer nomenclature).
Linearization of a Highly Nonlinear Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier Targeting Maximum Efficiency (2016)

This letter presents a linearization algorithm designed for envelope tracking transmitters with an optimal highly efficient envelope shaping function. Targeting high efficiency at all power regions of the PA results in a severe nonlinear input-output response, and broadening of the PA output spectrum compared with a fixed voltage, or other envelope shaping functions. A two-box modeling approach is used, where a static nonlinearity function focuses on reducing the nonlinearity of the transmitter, and a memory polynomial model is used in cascade to reduce remaining distortions. The results show a definite improvement over traditional one-box models, and is suitable for PAs exhibiting unique nonlinear responses, especially for ET applications.
Ether-phosphatidylcholine characterized by consolidated plasma and liver lipidomics is a predictive biomarker for valproic acid-induced hepatic steatosis (2018)

Valproic acid (VPA) is known to induce hepatic steatosis due to mitochondrial toxicity in rodents and humans. In the present study, we administered VPA to SD rats for 3 or 14 days at 250 and 500 mg/kg and then performed lipidomics analysis to reveal VPA-induced alteration of the hepatic lipid profile and its association with the plasma lipid profile. VPA induced hepatic steatosis at the high dose level without any degenerative changes in the liver on day 4 (after 3 days dosing) and at the low dose level on day 15 (after 14 days dosing). We compared the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles obtained on day 4 between the VPA-treated and control rats using a multivariate analysis to determine differences between the two groups. In total, 36 species of plasma lipids and 24 species of hepatic lipids were identified as altered in the VPA-treated group. Of these lipid species, ether-phosphatidylcholines (ePCs), including PC(16:0e/22:4) and PC(16:0e/22:6), were decreased in both the plasma and liver from the low dose level on day 4, however, neither an increase in hepatic TG level nor histopathological hepatic steatosis was observed at either dose level on day 4. Hepatic mRNA levels of glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase (Gnpat), which is a key enzyme for biosynthesis of ePC, was also decreased by treatment with VPA along with the decrease in ePCs. In conclusion, the changes in ePCs, (PC[16:0e/22:4] and PC[16:0e/22:6]), have potential utility as predictive biomarkers for VPA-induced hepatic steatosis.
Comparing the Mucoadhesivity and Drug Release Mechanisms of Various Polymer-Containing Propranolol Buccal Tablets (2008)

The aims were to compare the mucoadhesivity, controlled release properties, and release mechanisms of several polymeric systems of propranolol buccal tablets and to propose polymer(s) for formulation optimization. Mucoadhesivity differences in the polymer ranking between compacts and tablets were found. Mathematical models that best described the matrices were power law or a combination of the power law and Hopfenberg models. Poly acrylic acid (PAA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) in combination, were identified as suitable polymers for formulation optimization of a multipolymeric propranolol buccal tablet. Artificial neural networks were employed as a confirmatory approach to explicate that the selected polymers, in particular PAA, produced the most significant effect on the mean dissolution time and mucoadhesivity.
Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of 0.9 Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–0.1 Pb(Mg,Nb)O3 Films Prepared by Metalorganic Deposition Process (1999)

The 800-nm-thick 0.9 Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 –0.1 Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 (PZT–PMN) were prepared by metalorganic deposition (MOD) process on Ti/Pt/Ti bottom electrodes. The structure of the films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The piezoelectric properties of the films were characterized by measuring the electrically induced strain using the cantilever method to determine the piezoelectric charge constant ( d 31 ) and by measuring the mechanically induced voltage. The films retain the tetragonal perovskite structure with both [100] and [111] preferred orientations and are made up of columnar grains whose size ranges from 100 nm to 200 nm. The plot of strain versus electrical field shows a hysteresis loop, which reveals that the strain depends on the polarity of the top electrode. The unpoled film is virginally polarized toward the bottom electrode. As a result, d 31 at an electrical field of 170 kV/cm is 190 pC/N for positive polarity and 166 pC/N for negative polarity.
Feedforward learning control with application to trajectory tracking of a flexible beam (2002)

A simple approach to the feedforward compensation in the tip-tracking control of flexible beam is presented. The approach is based on probing the system with a finite number of independent input signals and then fitting the corresponding output signals to a desired output trajectory. Since neither the dynamic model nor the full state of the beam is required, and the method applies to the tracking of a fixed, finite time output trajectory, the scheme is considered as a learning control strategy. Due to the assumed linearity, this problem is transformed into a standard least square problem. Controller saturation can be incorporated, resulting in a constrained-least-squares problem. The basic method has also been generalized to linear time-varying systems and nonlinear systems. Experimental and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the overall viability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Catalytic Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Results of the IEA Round Robin on Viscosity and Stability of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils (2012)

An international round robin study of the stability of fast pyrolysis bio-oil was undertaken. Fifteen laboratories in five different countries contributed. Two bio-oil samples were distributed to the laboratories for stability testing and further analysis. The stability test was defined in a method provided with the bio-oil samples. Viscosity measurement was a key input. The change in viscosity of a sealed sample of bio-oil held for 24 h at 80 °C was the defining element of stability. Subsequent analyses included ultimate analysis, density, moisture, ash, filterable solids, and TAN/pH determination, and gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that kinematic viscosity measurement was more generally conducted and more reproducibly performed versus dynamic viscosity measurement. The variation in the results of the stability test was great and a number of reasons for the variation were identified. The subsequent analyses proved to be at the level of reproducibility, as found in earlier round robins on bio-oil analysis. Clearly, the analyses were more straightforward and reproducible with a bio-oil sample low in filterable solids (0.2%), compared to one with a higher (2%) solids loading. These results can be helpful in setting standards for use of bio-oil, which is just coming into the marketplace.
Quaking andmiR-155interactions in inflammation and leukemogenesis (2015)

Quaking (QKI) is a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a conserved RNA-binding protein, whose expression is downregulated in several solid tumors. Here we report that QKI plays an important role in the immune response and suppression of leukemogenesis. We show that the expression of Qki is reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages, suggesting that Qki is a key regulator of LPS signaling pathway. Furthermore, LPS-induced downregulation of Qki expression is miR-155-dependent. Qki overexpression impairs LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK and particularly p38 MAPKs, in addition to increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In contrast, Qki ablation decreases Fas expression and the rate of Caspase3/7 activity, while increasing the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6, and p38 phosphorylation. Similarly, the p38 pathway is also a target of QKI activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-derived MEC2 cells. Finally, B-CLL patients show lower levels of QKI expression compared with B cells from healthy donor, and Qki is similarily downregulated with the progression of leukemia in Eµ-miR-155 transgenic mice. Altogether, these data implicate QKI in the pathophysiology of inflammation and oncogenesis where miR-155 is involved.
Polymorphic Amplified Typing Sequences Provide a Novel Approach to Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain Typing (2002)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) strains are commonly typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) following digestion of genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme XbaI. We have shown that O157 strains differ from each other by a series of discrete insertions or deletions, some of which contain recognition sites for XbaI, suggesting that these insertions and deletions are responsible for the differences in PFGE patterns. We have devised a new O157 strain typing protocol, polymorphic amplified typing sequences (PATS), based on this information. We designed PCR primer pairs to amplify genomic DNA flanking each of 40 individual XbaI sites in the genomes of two O157 reference strains. These primer pairs were tested with 44 O157 isolates, 2 each from 22 different outbreaks of infection. Thirty-two primer pairs amplified identical fragments from all 44 isolates, while eight primer pairs amplified regions that were polymorphic between isolates. The isolates could be differentiated solely on the basis of which of the eight polymorphic amplicons was detected. PATS correctly identified 21 of 22 outbreak pairs as being identical or highly related, whereas PFGE correctly identified 14 of the 22 outbreak pairs as being identical or highly related; PATS was also able to type isolates from three outbreaks that were untypeable by PFGE. However, PATS was less sensitive than PFGE in discriminating between outbreaks. These data suggest that typing by PATS may provide a simple procedure for strain typing of O157 and other bacteria and that further evaluation of the utility of this method for epidemiologic investigations is warranted.