gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute morphometric study of myocardial hypertrophy in experimental hypertension. I. Determination of myocyte size. (1978)

A method for determining the mean absolute volume of a specific population of cells within a tissue is described and applied to the measurement of endocardial and epicardial myocytes in the left ventricle of normal and hypertensive rats. The technique, based on nuclear counts per unit area in tissue slices of different known thicknesses, measures the mean cell volume per nucleus independent of previously unknown nuclear dimensions and systematic counting errors. Duplicate determinations, demonstrating reproducibility, were made in mutually perpendicular longitudinal and transverse sections of the myocardium. Combining these light microscopic measurements with electron microscopic data enabled the evaluation of the mean diameter and length of the cylindrical myocyte nuclei showing those in the epicardial cells to be significantly longer than the nuclei in endocardial cells. It was estimated that 2 to 4 per cent of ventricular myocytes are binucleate. After 1 to 4 weeks of hypertension, induced by constriction of the left renal artery, endocardial myocytes were enlarged 21 per cent, from 10,370 +/- 410 to 12,520 +/- 490 cu. micrometer., while epicardial myocytes showed a 37 per cent hypertrophy, from 12,600 +/- 1,600 to 17,300 +/- 1,100 cu. micrometer. The availability of a reliable determination of cell volume will make possible the interpretation of much biochemical, functional, and morphometric data at the whole cell level.
Fabrication, Microstructure and Stress Effects in Sputtered TiNi Thin Films (2000)

Sputtered thin films of equiatomic TiNi and TiNiX ternary alloys have excellent mechanical properties and exhibit robust shape-memory and transformational superelasticity. Furthermore, the energetic nature of the sputter deposition process allows the creation of highly refined microstructures that are difficult to achieve by melt-solidification. The present paper will present recent work on the relationship between processing, microstructure and properties of binary TiNi thin films, focusing primarily on residual stresses, kinetics of stress-relaxation and crystallization, and fine grain sizes achievable using hot-substrate direct crystallization.
A Supramolecular Nanocarrier for Delivery of Amiodarone Anti-Arrhythmic Therapy to the Heart (2019)

Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug used to treat and prevent different types of cardiac arrhythmias. However, amiodarone can have considerable side effects resulting from accumulation in off-target tissues. Cardiac macrophages are highly prevalent tissue-resident immune cells with importance in homeostatic functions, including immune response and modulation of cardiac conduction. We hypothesized that amiodarone could be more efficiently delivered to the heart via cardiac macrophages, an important step toward reducing overall dose and off-target tissue accumulation. Toward this goal, we synthesized a nanoparticle drug carrier composed of l-lysine cross-linked succinyl-β-cyclodextrin that demonstrates amiodarone binding through supramolecular host-guest interaction as well as a high macrophage affinity. Biodistribution analyses at the organ and single-cell level demonstrate accumulation of nanoparticles in the heart resulting from rapid uptake by cardiac macrophages. Nanoparticle assisted delivery of amiodarone resulted in a 250% enhancement in the selective delivery of the drug to cardiac tissue in part due to a concomitant decrease of pulmonary accumulation, the main source of off-target toxicity.
Bacillus subtilis ccpA Gene Mutants Specifically Defective in Activation of Acetoin Biosynthesis (2000)

A large number of carbon source utilization pathways are repressed in Bacillus subtilis by the global regulator CcpA, which also acts as an activator of carbon excretion pathways during growth in media containing glucose. In this study, CcpA mutants defective in transcriptional activation of the alsSD operon, which is involved in acetoin biosynthesis, were identified. These mutants retained normal glucose repression of amyE, encoding alpha-amylase, and acsA, encoding acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, and normal activation of ackA, which is involved in acetate excretion; in these ccpA mutants the CcpA functions of activation of the acetate and acetoin excretion pathways appear to be separated.
Design, Synthesis, and Analysis of Yeast tRNAPhe Analogs Possessing Intra- and Interhelical Disulfide Cross-Links (1996)

Disulfide cross-links have been site-specifically incorporated into unmodified yeast tRNAPhe by total chemical synthesis. One cross-link is between positions 1 and 72 in the amino-acid acceptor stem, and it was prepared by replacing G1 and C72 with N3-(thioethyl)uridine. A second cross-link is in the central D-region of yeast tRNAPhe between 11 and 25, and it was synthesized by replacing C11 and C25 with 2‘-O-alkylthiol modified cytosine residues. Air oxidation to form the cross-link at both sites occurs in 12 h and is nearly quantitative. Analysis of the cross-linked products by native and denaturing PAGE along with Pb(II) cleavage experiments demonstrates that the cross-linked molecules are monomeric and suggests that the disulfide bridges do not significantly alter the structure of the modified tRNAs relative to the parent sequence. The finding that cross-link formation between thiol-derivatized residues correlates with the position of these groups in the crystal structure of native yeast tRNAPhe and that the modifications apparently do not perturb native structure suggests that this methodology should be applicable to the study of RNA structure, dynamics, and folding.
A method of moments approach for the efficient and accurate modeling of moderately thick cylindrical wire antennas (1998)

This paper introduces a moment-method formulation, which is capable of accurately modeling moderately thick cylindrical wire antennas. New algorithms are presented for the efficient computation of the cylindrical wire kernel and related impedance matrix integrals. These algorithms make use of exact series representations as well as efficient numerical procedures and lead to a significant reduction in overall computation time for thicker wires. Another major advantage of this moment-method technique is that it is no longer restricted by the segment length-to-radius ratio limitations inherent in past formulations, thereby making it possible to achieve solution convergence for a much wider class of wire antenna structures. Several examples illustrating the superior convergence properties of this new moment-method formulation are presented and discussed.
Amorphous transparent electroconductor 2CdO⋅GeO2: Conversion of amorphous insulating cadmium germanate by ion implantation (1995)

Amorphous 2CdO⋅GeO2 thin films (optical band gap determined by a Tauc plot; 3.4 eV) prepared by rf sputtering were implanted with H+ or Li+ ions to a dose of 2×1016 cm−2. Direct current conductivities in the specimens at 300 K were increased from 3×10−9 S cm−1 to ∼10 S cm−1 after the implantation. The conductivities in these implanted specimens remained almost constant down to 77 K. No deleterious coloring was perceived after implantation. The Hall mobilities (conduction type; n) in the implanted specimens at ∼300 K were ∼5 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are larger by several orders of magnitude than those in existing amorphous semiconductors. Such a large mobility indicates that the electronic state near the bottom of the conduction band of this amorphous material is extended.
Brush seals in industrial gas turbines. I - Turbine section interstage sealing (1998)

Brush seals have been used in aircraft engines for a number of years and are starting to find their way into industrial turbines. Improved seal performance offers substantial opportunities for increasing engine performance as reduced leakage leads to greater efficiency and power output. There are a number of seal locations on a gas turbine that have significant performance derivatives. These include the compressor discharge, bearing seals, turbine interstage packings, and the bucket tips. While the application of brush seals to industrial gas turbines is conceptually similar to that of aircraft engines, there are some important differences. These include larger diameters and thickness, larger tolerance bands, split casings with the accompanying ellipticity and segmented seals, fewer transient excursions, constant synchronous speed, no landing or maneuver loads, longer operating life requirements, and, in the case of field retrofitting, the robustness to withstand field installation. Brush seals have been designed for and installed in the GE E-Class turbine high-pressure packing (compressor discharge) middle bearing and interstage packing locations. A previous paper describes the development of the high pressure packing and bearing seals, now commercialized with a performance improvement of 1.3% in power and 0.7% in heat rate. This paper describes the development of the turbine interstage seal, where preliminary results indicate performance improvements of 0.7% in power and 0.2% in heat rate. The development included tribological tests, leakage tests, low hysterisis design features, secondary flow path modeling, and field tests.
Are (poly)phenols contained in 100% fruit juices mediating their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors? A meta-regression analysis (2023)

In conclusion, the present study showed that anthocyanins may mediate the potential beneficial effects of some 100% fruit juices on some blood lipids. Increasing the content of anthocyanins through specific fruit varieties or plant breeding could enhance the health benefits of 100% fruit juices.
Adsorption-desorption noise as a selective detection tool for metal-oxide gas microsensors (2013)

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the adequacy of noise spectroscopy to significantly improve the selectivity of microsensors compared to a conventional acquisition of the sensor resistance variation. Significant results of low frequency noise characterization of metal-oxide gas microsensors with WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> sensitive thin film are presented. Using developed measurement system, noise spectra show a clear Lorentzian behavior for all tested gases according to adsorption-desorption noise theory. To identify the detected gas, a physical-based characterization model of adsorption-desorption noise source is proposed and compared with the empirical flicker noise model. We show that the excess noise is due to the adsorption-desorption processes on the surface of the sensors sensitive film. The Lorentzian parameters depend on the nature of the gases and the noise level dependence with gas concentration is clearly demonstrated. The most relevant result of our study is the largest dynamic range of noise levels variation relative to sensor resistance variation. Our results confirm the growing interest in the development of noise spectroscopy technique to improve the selectivity of gas sensors.
A thermally enhanced bond interface for pixelated LEDs in adaptive front lighting systems (2016)

Pixelated LEDs are a new, high efficient light source which allows to control the beam pattern and which are therefore suitable for adaptive front light systems. We will present a concept for hybrid 3D flip chip stacking of pixelated LED chips onto an active matrix driver IC using a new interconnect structure to address thermal management and bonding robustness challenges. Two types of interconnect materials have been investigated: electroplated AuSn solder and nanoporous gold (NPG). We will present the deposition methods and the bonding approach for chip-to-chip and chip-to-wafer bonding and the characteristic results of the bonded interconnects achieved.
Understanding Global Climate Change with Ocean Acoustic Tomography and Models (1992)

Abstract : Paleoclimate inferred from the Vostok ice core provides tantalizing evidence that increases in atmospheric CO2 are dynamically linked with increases in atmospheric temperature (Jouzel et al., 1987; Barnola et al., 1987; Genthon et al., 1987). However, the mechanisms responsible for the temporal and spatial scales of the accompanying temperature change are not understood because, in part, the ocean's role is not well understood. New technology is required to see inside the global oceans where vasts amount of heat are redistributed and eventually exchanged with the atmosphere. Waves and other features at large scales, approximately 100 to 10,000 km, having time scales less than centuries are virtually unexplored but these scales are important for understanding climate change (Gill, 1982; Philander, 1990). We are developing novel acoustic instruments that have the potential for measuring these scales in the global oceans in real-time. The cost for these measurements is projected to be less than the costs of mapping temperature and other variables in the atmosphere (Spiesberger, 1992). (MM)
Sampling jitter in full-duplex radio transceivers: Estimation and mitigation (2014)

In this paper, the problem of sampling-jitter estimation in OFDM full-duplex radio transceivers is addressed. The sampling-jitter estimation is very challenging, because the effects are very small, but still high enough to be a problem in full-duplex radios. The proposed sampling-jitter estimation method is based on estimating only the most significant frequency components of the sampling jitter. The performance of the estimation algorithm is evaluated with simulations by studying how much self-interference cancellation is achievable when the self-interference is mitigated using the estimates of the sampling jitter samples.
A 5.5Mpixel 100 frames/sec wide dynamic range low noise CMOS image sensor for scientific applications (2010)

In this paper we describe a 5.5Mpixel 100 frames/sec wide-dynamic-range low-noise CMOS image sensor (CIS) designed for scientific applications. The sensor has 6.5&mu;m pitch 5T pixels with pinned photodiodes and integrated microlenses. The 5T pixel architecture enables low noise rolling and global shutter operation. The measured peak quantum efficiency of the sensor is greater than 55% at 550nm, the Nyquist MTF is greater than 0.4 at 550nm, and the linear full well capacity is greater than 35ke-. The measured rolling and global shutter readout noise are 1.28e- RMS and 2.54e- RMS respectively at 30 f/s and 20°C. The pinned photodiode dark current is less than 3.8pA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 20&deg;C. The sensor achieves an intra-scene linear dynamic range in rolling shutter operation of greater than 86dB (20000:1) at room temperature. In global shutter readout the shutter efficiency is greater than 1000:1 with 500nm illumination.
Editorial: Bridging Environmental Magnetism With Biogeophysics to Study Biogeochemical Processes of Today (2021)

EDITORIAL article Front. Earth Sci., 07 September 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.757171
A ceramide‐1‐phosphate analogue, PCERA‐1, simultaneously suppresses tumour necrosis factor‐α and induces interleukin‐10 production in activated macrophages (2008)

Tight regulation of the production of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is essential for the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases. In vivo administration of a synthetic phospholipid, named hereafter phospho-ceramide analogue-1 (PCERA-1), was previously found to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha blood levels. We therefore investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of PCERA-1. Here, we show that extracellular PCERA-1 potently suppresses production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 macrophages, and in addition, independently and reciprocally regulates the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Specificity is demonstrated by the inability of the phospholipids ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to perform these activities. Similar TNF-alpha suppression and IL-10 induction by PCERA-1 were observed in macrophages when activated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2 and TLR7 agonists. Regulation of cytokine production is demonstrated at the mRNA and protein levels. Finally, we show that, while PCERA-1 does not block activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases by LPS, it elevates the intracellular cAMP level. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory activity of PCERA-1 seems to be mediated by a cell membrane receptor, upstream of cAMP production, and eventually TNF-alpha suppression and IL-10 induction. Thus, identification of the PCERA-1 receptor may provide new pharmacological means to block inflammation.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Pollen-associated phytoprostanes inhibit dendritic cell interleukin-12 production and augment T helper type 2 cell polarization. (2005)

Pollen grains induce allergies in susceptible individuals by release of allergens upon contact with mucosal membranes of the upper respiratory tract. We recently demonstrated that pollen not only function as allergen carriers but also as rich sources of bioactive lipids that attract cells involved in allergic inflammation such as neutrophils and eosinophils. Here we demonstrate that soluble factors from birch (Betula alba L.) pollen activate human dendritic cells (DCs) as documented by phenotypical and functional maturation and altered cytokine production. Betula alba L. aqueous pollen extracts (Bet.-APE) selectively inhibited interleukin (IL)-12 p70 production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or CD40L-activated DC, whereas IL-6, IL-10, and TNFalpha remained unchanged. Presence of Bet.-APE during DC activation resulted in DC with increased T helper type 2 (Th2) cell and reduced Th1 cell polarizing capacity. Chemical analysis of Bet.-APE revealed the presence of phytoprostanes (dinor isoprostanes) with prostaglandin E(1)-, F(1)-, A(1)-, or B(1)-ring systems of which only E(1)-phytoprostanes dose dependently inhibited the LPS-induced IL-12 p70 release and augmented the Th2 cell polarizing capacity of DC. These results suggest that pollen-derived E(1)-phytoprostanes not only resemble endogenous prostaglandin E(2) structurally but also functionally in that they act as regulators that modulate human DC function in a fashion that favors Th2 cell polarization. PMID: 15728240
Emergence of nociceptive functionality and opioid signaling in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons (2023)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enabled the generation of various difficult-to-access cell types such as human nociceptors. A key challenge associated with human iPSC-derived nociceptors (hiPSCdNs) is their prolonged functional maturation. While numerous studies have addressed the expression of classic neuronal markers and ion channels in hiPSCdNs, the temporal development of key signaling cascades regulating nociceptor activity has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we used an immunocytochemical high-content imaging approach alongside electrophysiological staging to assess metabotropic and ionotropic signaling of large scale-generated hiPSCdNs across 70 days of in vitro differentiation. During this period, the resting membrane potential became more hyperpolarized, while rheobase, action potential peak amplitude, and membrane capacitance increased. After 70 days, hiPSCdNs exhibited robust physiological responses induced by GABA, pH shift, ATP, and capsaicin. Direct activation of protein kinase A type II (PKA-II) through adenylyl cyclase stimulation with forskolin resulted in PKA-II activation at all time points. Depolarization-induced activation of PKA-II emerged after 35 days of differentiation. However, effective inhibition of forskolin-induced PKA-II activation by opioid receptor agonists required 70 days of in vitro differentiation. Our results identify a pronounced time difference between early expression of functionally important ion channels and emergence of regulatory metabotropic sensitizing and desensitizing signaling only at advanced stages of in vitro cultivation, suggesting an independent regulation of ionotropic and metabotropic signaling. These data are relevant for devising future studies into the development and regulation of human nociceptor function and for defining time windows suitable for hiPSCdN-based drug discovery.
Quantum Random-number Generation and Key Sharing (1994)

Abstract We review the status of interferometry-based quantum cryptography and compare photon-pair and faint-pulse schemes. The key technical limitations in both cases are the propagation losses and detector performance. We also discuss a simple approach to generating the random measurement bases used in quantum cryptography systems which exploits random partition at a beam splitter. This removes the need for active components in the receiver, reducing system complexity and losses.
Molecular Engineering of Conjugated Polybenzothiadiazoles for Enhanced Hydrogen Production by Photosynthesis (2016)

The search for metal-free organic photocatalysts for H2 production from water using visible light remains a key challenge. Reported herein is a molecular structural design of pure organic photocatalysts, derived from conjugated polybenzothiadiazoles, for photocatalytic H2 evolution using visible light. By alternating the substitution position of the electron-withdrawing benzothiadizole unit on the phenyl unit as a comonomer, various polymers with either one- or three-dimensional structures were synthesized and the effect of the molecular structure on their catalytic activity was investigated. Photocatalytic H2 evolution efficiencies up to 116 μmol h(-1) were observed by employing the linear polymer based on a phenyl-benzothiadiazole alternating main chain, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 4.01 % at 420 nm using triethanolamine as the sacrificial agent.
Stereochemical control of DNA biosynthesis (2000)

Stereochemical control of DNA biosynthesis was studied using several DNA-synthesizing complexes containing, in each case, a single substitution of a 2'-deoxy-D-nucleotide residue by an enantiomeric L-nucleotide residue in a DNA chain (either in the primer or in the template) as well as 2'-deoxy-L-ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (L-dNTPs) as substrates. Three template-dependent DNA polymerases were tested, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment, Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase, as well as template-independent calf-thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Very stringent control of stereoselectivity was demonstrated for template-dependent DNA polymerases, whereas terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was less selective. DNA polymerase I and reverse transcriptase catalyzed formation of dinucleoside 5',5'-tetraphosphates when L-dTTP was used as substrate. Comparison between models of template-primer complexes, modified or not by a single L-nucleotide residue, revealed striking differences in their geometry.
A skewed repeater bus architecture for on-chip energy reduction in microprocessors (2006)

This paper proposes a bus architecture called skewed repeater bus (SRB) for reducing on-chip interconnect energy in microprocessors. By introducing relative delay between neighboring bus lines, SRB reduces both average and worst-case coupling capacitance between those lines. SRB is compared to previously published techniques like delayed data bus (DDB) and delayed clock bus (DCB). Simulation results in 65-nm process show that bus energy reduction of 18% is achieved when SRB is applied to a real microprocessor example, versus 11% and 7% only for DDB and DCB; respectively.