gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of ventrolateral posterior thalamic nucleus to back pain in alcoholism and CD4 nadir in HIV (2019)

Volumes of thalamic nuclei are differentially affected by disease-related processes including alcoholism and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This MRI study included 41 individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorders (AUD, 12 women), 17 individuals infected with HIV (eight women), and 49 healthy controls (24 women) aged 39 to 75 years. A specialized, high-resolution acquisition protocol enabled parcellation of five thalamic nuclei: anterior [anterior ventral (AV)], posterior [pulvinar (Pul)], medial [mediodorsal (MD)], and ventral [including ventral lateral posterior (VLp) and ventral posterior lateral (VPl)]. An omnibus mixed-model approach solving for volume considered the "fixed effects" of nuclei, diagnosis, and their interaction while covarying for hemisphere, sex, age, and supratentorial volume (svol). The volume by diagnosis interaction term was significant; the effects of hemisphere and sex were negligible. Follow-up mixed-model tests thus evaluated the combined (left + right) volume of each nucleus separately for effects of diagnosis while controlling for age and svol. Only the VLp showed diagnoses effects and was smaller in the AUD (p = .04) and HIV (p = .0003) groups relative to the control group. In the AUD group, chronic back pain (p = .008) and impaired deep tendon ankle reflex (p = .0005) were associated with smaller VLp volume. In the HIV group, lower CD4 nadir (p = .008) was associated with smaller VLp volume. These results suggest that the VLp is differentially sensitive to disease processes associated with AUD and HIV.
<title>Static display of shape</title> (1995)

Among the mechanical parameters that are important for dexterous manipulation, shape is useful for both object recognition and control purposes. To investigate the role of shape information in telemanipulation we have created a tactile shape display. This prototype consists of a regular 6 X 4 array of pin elements or `tactors' which rest against the operator's finger tip. Shape memory alloy wires raise individual tactors to approximate the desired surface shape on the skin. We have implemented a feedforward control law and air- cooling that improves the bandwidth of the otherwise slow SMA wires. The hysteretic and nonlinear nature of the SMA actuators has also led us to implement a closed loop controller with position feedback using an optical emitter-receiver pair. The resulting performance of the SMA actuators has a -3 dB bandwidth point between 6 and 7 Hz. We have interfaced the display with a capacitive tactile array sensor and we are able to convey simple shapes from a remote environment through the display. The results of simple tactile feature localization experiments show the ability of the shape relay system to convey shape information.
The role of time and frequency metrology inside the new definitions of SI quantities (2015)

There is an on-going discussion, initiated in 2011, which proposes several changes to the official definitions of the base units of the International System of Units (SI). This will also entail changes in the relationships between the primary quantities of SI and some universal constants. One result of this process points in the direction of giving greater importance and centrality to unit of time (s), increasing the practical importance of the realization of the quantities frequency and time. So, it is strongly recommended that the metrological maintenance of these quantities, in Brazil, be done in the Campus of INMETRO.
Dissection of T cell antigen receptor signaling using protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (1994)

T cell antigen receptor (TcR) recognition of appropriately presented antigen results in the rapid activation of protein tyrosine kinases. Subsequent events include activation of protein kinase C and increased intracellular free calcium which lead to the activation of transcription factors involved in regulating interleukin-2 gene expression. We have assayed the ability of a panel of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors to interfere with activation of the NF-AT transcription factor by TcR ligation or treatment with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore which bypass many of the early events of TcR signal transduction. The results indicate that PTK are involved in early and late stages of TcR signaling. Moreover, one inhibitor (genistein) revealed the existence of a PTK which down-regulates specifically calcium-mediated signaling at a point downstream of the PTK p56lck but upstream of calcium mobilization.
Supplementary Figures S1-S5 from A Phase 1 First-in-Human Study of FS118, a Tetravalent Bispecific Antibody Targeting LAG-3 and PD-L1 in Patients with Advanced Cancer and PD-L1 Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: Study design for the evaluation of FS118 in subjects with advanced solid tumors whoprogressed on or after prior PD-(L)1 therapy.Supplementary Figure S2: Time on FS118 treatment in patients with primary or acquired resistance to prioranti-PD-(L)1 therapies.Supplementary Figure S3: Total time on prior ICB therapies compared to the timeon FS118 treatment in patients with primary or acquired resistance to prior antiPD-(L)1 therapies.Supplementary Figure S4: Levels of soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3) detected inthe serum of patients in the FS118 phase 1 trial.Supplementary Figure S5: Changes in circulating immune cells in FS118-treated patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Differential distribution of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase types 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in human brain: an immunohistochemical analysis (2000)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) inhibit the signaling pathways of G-protein related receptors through protein phosphorylation. GRKs have been shown to be involved in various neuronal signaling pathways. However, a systematic localization of GRK isoforms has not been demonstrated in the human central nervous system. We show immunohistochemical localization of GRK type 2–6 in 5 um slices of fresh postmortem human brain fixed with Histochoice. GRK6 immunoreactivity was identified in neuronal cytoplasm, and dense fiber tracks in the basal ganglia. Dense staining was also noted in the media of varying caliber arterial blood vessels. Extensive GRK4 staining was noted. Therefore, we examined various GRK4 isoforms for their anatomical immunoreactive distribution. GRK4 alpha-beta (antisera cannot differentiate between the alpha and beta isoforms) was positive in fibers of the pontine reticular formation, substantia nigra, and basal ganglia. Astrocytic cell processes also appear distinctly positive for GRK4 alpha-beta. GRK gamma-delta showed distinct reactivity in fibers near the amygdaloid complex, neurons and fibers in the hippocampus and pontine reticular formation, and in the adventitia of arterial blood vessels. GRK4 theta-epsilon was positive in cellular processes and neurons in the hippocampus, ependema, leptomeninges, and all layers of arterial blood vessels. In our hands, we could not demonstrate immunostaining for GRK 2, 3 and 5 in human brain. Our results suggest that GRKs may have differential roles in the modulation of the central nervous system due to the wide variation in their anatomical distribution.
Random walks and first-passage properties (2012)

First-passage properties in general, and the mean first-passage time (MFPT) in particular, are widely used in the context of diffusion-limited processes. Real processes are not always purely Brownian: in the last few years, non-Brownian behaviors have been observed in an increasing number of systems. Especially single particle experiments in living cells provide striking examples for systems in which non-Brownian behavior of subdiffusive kind has been repeatedly observed experimentally. Here we present a method based on first-passage properties to gain more detailed insight into the actual physical processes underlying the anomalous diffusion behavior, and to probe the environment in which this diffusion process evolves. This method
allows us to discriminate between three prominent models of subdiffusion: continuous time random walks, diffusion on fractals, and fractional Brownian motion. We also investigate the search efficiency of random walks on discrete networks for a specific target. We show how to compute first-passage properties on those networks in order to optimize the search process, as well as general bounds on the global mean first-passage time (GMFPT). Using those results, we estimate the impact on the search efficiency of several parameters, namely the target connectivity, the target motion, or the network topology.
Interleukin 6 production by human proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro: analysis of the effects of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and other cytokines (1994)

Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) from human renal tissue obtained from biopsy or nephrectomy were grown in monoculture and evaluated in vitro at passage 2-4 for interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in response to medium alone or to interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (INF gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-6 bioactivity was quantitated using the IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma cell line (B9) and expressed as IL-6 units/ml/10(5) PTEC. PTEC cell lines exposed to medium alone produced intermediate amounts of IL-6 with substantial variability between cell lines. Introduction of IL-1 alpha resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in IL-6 production by PTEC that was maximal at 1 ng/ml IL-1 alpha at 24 h. All PTEC cell lines showed an increased IL-6 production on exposure to IL-1 alpha varying from 1.3- to 24-fold increase over baseline production. This response was completely blocked by anti-rIL-1 alpha. No significant IL-6 production by PTEC could be induced by TNF alpha, IL-2, IFN gamma, or LPS over a broad dosage range. Cycloheximide inhibited IL-6 production without irreversible cell toxicity, indicating de-novo synthesis. IL-6 produced by PTEC had a molecular weight of 26-29 kDa as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Using PCR analysis we could demonstrate upregulation by IL-1 alpha of IL-6 mRNA in a dose-response fashion, indicating that IL-1 alpha regulates IL-6 production at a pretranslational value of protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A surface registration approach for video-based analysis of intraoperative brain surface deformations. (2006)

Anatomical intra operative deformation is a major limitation of accuracy in image guided neurosurgery. Approaches to quantify these deforamations based on 3D reconstruction of surfaces have been introduced. For accurate quantification of surface deformation, a robust surface registration method is required. In this paper,&#13;\nwe propose a new surface registration for video-based analysis of intraoperative brain deformations. This registration method includes three terms: the first term is related to image intensities, the second to Euclidean distance and the third to anatomical landmarks continuously tracked in 2D video. This new surface registration method can be used with any cortical surface textured point cloud computed by stereoscopic or laser range approaches. We have shown the global method, including textured point cloud&#13;\nreconstruction, had a precision within 2 millimeters, which is within the usual rigid registration error of the neuronavigation system before deformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methano[60]fullerenephosphonic‐ and Methano[60]fullerene‐diphosphonic Acids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A CRISPR–Cas9-based gene drive platform for genetic interaction analysis in Candida albicans (2017)

Candida albicans is the leading cause of fungal infections; yet, complex genetic interaction analysis remains cumbersome in this diploid pathogen. Here, we developed a CRISPR-Cas9-based 'gene drive array' platform to facilitate efficient genetic analysis in C. albicans. In our system, a modified DNA donor molecule acts as a selfish genetic element, replaces the targeted site and propagates to replace additional wild-type loci. Using mating-competent C. albicans haploids, each carrying a different gene drive disabling a gene of interest, we are able to create diploid strains that are homozygous double-deletion mutants. We generate double-gene deletion libraries to demonstrate this technology, targeting antifungal efflux and biofilm adhesion factors. We screen these libraries to identify virulence regulators and determine how genetic networks shift under diverse conditions. This platform transforms our ability to perform genetic interaction analysis in C. albicans and is readily extended to other fungal pathogens.
Cationic Initiation of Vinyl Ether Polymerization Induced by (4-RC6H4)(4-RC6H4)RCX in Conjunction with Silica:  Producing Highly Head Group Functionalized Polymers (1997)

Addition of vinyl ethers to arylmethyl halides and silica at 0 and −78 °C results in the formation of polymers. The average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution (MWD), and the head group functionality are strongly dependent on the structure of the arylmethyl halide and on the olefin/arylmethyl halide ratio. The heterogeneous induced polymerization depends not only on the temperature but also on the kind of silica used, e.g. Aerosil (Degussa) and Kieselgel 60 (KG 60) (Merck). We found that initiation with carbocations of the type (4-R1C6H4)(4-R2C6H4)R3C+ (R1, R2 = H, CH3, OCH3; R3 = H, C6H5) with an electrophilicity in the range of −5 > pKR+ > −9 bearing a chloride counterion yields highly head group functionalized polymers. General mechanisms for the initiation and propagation step of the surface-mediated cationic vinyl ether polymerization considering the influence of the counterion and the initiating carbocation are discussed.
Themisto: Towards Automated Documentation Generation in Computational Notebooks. (2021)

Computational notebooks allow data scientists to express their ideas through a combination of code and documentation. However, data scientists often pay attention only to the code, and neglect creating or updating their documentation during quick iterations, which leads to challenges in sharing their notebooks with others and future selves. Inspired by human documentation practices from analyzing 80 highly-voted Kaggle notebooks, we design and implement Themisto, an automated documentation generation system to explore the Human-AI Collaboration opportunity in the code documentation scenario. Themisto facilitates the creation of different types of documentation via three approaches: a deep-learning-based approach to generate documentation for source code (fully automated), a query-based approach to retrieve the online API documentation for source code (fully automated), and a user prompt approach to motivate users to write more documentation (semi-automated). We evaluated Themisto in a within-subjects experiment with 24 data science practitioners, and found that automated documentation generation techniques reduced the time for writing documentation, reminded participants to document code they would have ignored, and improved participants' satisfaction with their computational notebook.
Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes with the (148–156) peptide fragment of C4YJH2, a putative metal transporter ofCandida albicans (2019)

Candida albicans is a widespread human pathogen which can infect humans at different levels. Like the majority of microorganisms, it needs transition metals as micronutrients for its subsistence. In order to acquire these nutrients from the host, C. albicans employs various strategies, also involving chelating proteins specifically expressed to sequester metals from the environment. A histidine-rich protein sequence identified in the C. albicans genome, named C4YJH2, has been recently studied for its putative role in Zn(ii) transport. Two outer membrane major histidine-rich clusters of C4YJH2, namely the domains 131-148 (FHEHGHSHSHGSGGGGGG) and 157-165 (SHSHSHSHS), have been confirmed as strong binding sites for the Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) ions. Nevertheless, the 9-residue "linker" sequence 148-156 (GSDHSGDSK) between the two His-rich fragments of C4YJH2, containing an additional His residue, can also contribute to metal binding. In the present work, the protected peptide Ac-GSDHSGDSK-NH2 and some analogues (Ac-GSDHSGASK-NH2, Ac-GADHAGDAK-NH2, Ac-GSDH-NH2, and Ac-HSGD-NH2) have been synthesized and their metal binding properties have been studied in detail. The thermodynamics of complex-formation equilibria of the above reported ligands with Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) ions have been studied by potentiometry in a wide pH range and the stoichiometry of the formed species has been confirmed by mass spectrometry; the most likely solution structures of the metal complexes are also discussed on the basis of NMR, UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD) and EPR data. The results show the importance of Asp7 in the stabilization of Zn(ii) complexes and suggest a significant role of the (quite abundant) Ser residues in the task of metal uptake and regulation.
Space-Time Coding for Broadband Wireless Transmission (2002)

We present an overview of research activities on space-time coding for broadband wireless transmission performed at AT &amp; T Shannon Laboratory over the past two years. The emphasis is on physical layer modem algorithms such as channel estimation, equalization, and interference cancellation. However, we also discuss the impact of space-time coding gains at the physical layer on throughput at or above the networking layer. Furthermore, we describe a flexible graphical user interface attached to our physical layer simulation engine in order to explore the performance of space-time codes under a variety of practical transmission scenarios. Simulation results for the EDGE cellular system and the 802.11 wireless LAN environment are presented.
Tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blown films (2000)

Abstract Various linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE; density ∼ (0.920 g/cm 3 )) resins that encompass those polymerized using Ziegler‐Natta, metallocene, and chromium oxide based catalysts were blown into film at similar process conditions, and the tensile properties of the resulting films were investigated in relation to their orientation characteristics. The tensile properties of the subject blown films were observed to be significantly different from those of isotropic/un‐oriented polyethylene specimens of similar density (crystallinity). Further, the tensile properties were different in the machine and transverse directions. These were explained in terms of the orientation and lamellar organization characteristics of the LLDPE blown films. Investigation of the temperature dependence (between −50°C and +50°C) of these tensile properties indicated an increase in modulus, yield stress and break stress with decreasing temperature pointing to the possible role played by the decreased mobility of the non‐crystalline phase at lower temperatures. Excellent correlation between the Elmendorf tear properties of the LLDPE blown films and their tensile yield characteristics was observed. This added substantial credibility to previous hypotheses that specimen stretching plays a significant role in Elmendorf tear tests and further supported the previously identified structural features and microstructural deformation mechanisms that are deemed responsible for the discernment of LLDPE blown film tear resistance.
Mechanistic analysis of solute transport in an in vitro physiological two‐phase dissolution apparatus (2012)

In vitro dissolution methodologies that adequately capture the oral bioperformance of solid dosage forms are critical tools needed to aid formulation development. Such methodologies must encompass important physiological parameters and be designed with drug properties in mind. Two‐phase dissolution apparatuses, which contain an aqueous phase in which the drug dissolves (representing the dissolution/solubility component) and an organic phase into which the drug partitions (representing the absorption component), have the potential to provide meaningful predictions of in vivo oral bioperformance for some BCS II, and possibly some BCS IV drug products. Before such an apparatus can be evaluated properly, it is important to understand the kinetics of drug substance partitioning from the aqueous to the organic medium. A mass transport analysis was performed of the kinetics of partitioning of drug substance solutions from the aqueous to the organic phase of a two‐phase dissolution apparatus. Major assumptions include pseudo‐steady‐state conditions, a dilute aqueous solution and diffusion‐controlled transport. Input parameters can be measured or estimated a priori . This paper presents the theory and derivation of our analysis, compares it with a recent kinetic approach, and demonstrates its effectiveness in predicting in vitro partitioning profiles of three BCS II weak acids in four different in vitro two‐phase dissolution apparatuses. Very importantly, the paper discusses how a two‐phase apparatus can be scaled to reflect in vivo absorption kinetics and for which drug substances the two‐phase dissolution systems may be appropriate tools for measuring oral bioperformance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R2* changes reflect the kinetics of formalin-based penetration and fixation in post-mortem tissue (2023)

Post-mortem brain MRI can yield valuable information. However, tissue preservation requires substitution of the CSF-fluid by fixation agents, which is time-consuming for large samples. R 2 * maps, dominated by R 2 -effects, were measured at several timepoints during fixation of pig-brain tissue samples using formalin-based fixatives.