gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical split-ring resonator based nanoplasmonic sensor (2014)

The optical properties of the plasmonic metamaterials are often times intrinsically connected to the localized surface plasmon (SP) resonances (LSPR) arising from the collective oscillations of free electrons which induce strong electromagnetic fields adjacent to the artificial sub-wavelength metallic elements in the metamaterials. The resonance wavelengths are determined by feature geometries of metamaterial elements and their surrounding environment, and thus can be tuned by either changing the element dimensions or the surrounding dielectric. Such a property can be explored for a variety of applications, one of which is sensing based on the following general design principle. The motivation of exploring metamaterials for the sensing application is the potential for achieving high sensitivity. To this end, metamaterials require to possess strong plasmon resonance features that are sensitive to environment change. The split-ring resonator (SRR) is such a metal structure that is typically used as a building block for metamaterials because of its strong magnetic resonance accompanied with strong field enhancement within the SRR gap [1]. One important measure of a metamaterial sensor is its sensitivity characterized as the ratio of LSPR shift to the change in refractive index of its nearby sensing medium (δλ/δn). Unfortunately, a majority of the met-amaterials reported so far have planar SRRs that lay flat on substrates, resulting in a rather appreciable fraction of the plasmon energy distributed in the dielectric substrate below which limits the effective sensing volume as well as the sensing performance [2]. In this work, we report the fabrication of vertical SRRs (VSRRs) capable of lifting essentially all of the localized fields above the supporting substrate they stand on as illustrated in Fig. 1(a). Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement and numerical simulation software, we demonstrate that plasmonic refractive index sensors constructed of VSRRs deliver significantly improved sensitivity over their planar counterparts reported in the literature.
Reconfigurable Digital Delta-Sigma Modulation Transmitter Architecture for Concurrent Multi-Band Transmission (2020)

This paper presents a reconfigurable delta-sigma modulation (DSM) architecture for concurrent multi-band transmission. The reconfigurability in terms of carrier spacing and the number of simultaneous carrier transmission is useful for applications such as carrier aggregation in 5G. This paper uses 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order reconfigurable multi-band DSM (RMB-DSM) such that the zeros of the noise transfer function can be reconfigured to fall at multiple frequencies, where the carriers are being aggregated. The quantization noise between the transmission bands is a critical issue in the case of multi-band transmission. Therefore, a multi-band additional noise shaping (ANS) function is also introduced, which generates notches around each carrier and reduces the noise level between the multiple pass-bands. The proposed scheme has been validated in simulation, as well as in experiment for aggregating up to four 15 MHz long term evolution (LTE) signals with an overall aggregated bandwidth of 60 MHz. Measurement results show a 10-25% improvement in coding efficiency and 15-35 dB improvement in noise level near the operating frequency band using the proposed multi-band augmented noise shaping technique, as compared to the standard DSM. The corresponding improvement of 8% in the overall efficiency is observed by using the proposed multi-band augmented noise shaping technique.
Netting Neutrophils Induce Endothelial Damage, Infiltrate Tissues, and Expose Immunostimulatory Molecules in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2011)

An abnormal neutrophil subset has been identified in the PBMC fractions from lupus patients. We have proposed that these low-density granulocytes (LDGs) play an important role in lupus pathogenesis by damaging endothelial cells and synthesizing increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. To directly establish LDGs as a distinct neutrophil subset, their gene array profiles were compared with those of autologous normal-density neutrophils and control neutrophils. LDGs significantly overexpress mRNA of various immunostimulatory bactericidal proteins and alarmins, relative to lupus and control neutrophils. In contrast, gene profiles of lupus normal-density neutrophils do not differ from those of controls. LDGs have heightened capacity to synthesize neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs), which display increased externalization of bactericidal, immunostimulatory proteins, and autoantigens, including LL-37, IL-17, and dsDNA. Through NETosis, LDGs have increased capacity to kill endothelial cells and to stimulate IFN-α synthesis by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Affected skin and kidneys from lupus patients are infiltrated by netting neutrophils, which expose LL-37 and dsDNA. Tissue NETosis is associated with increased anti-dsDNA in sera. These results expand the potential pathogenic roles of aberrant lupus neutrophils and suggest that dysregulation of NET formation and its subsequent responses may play a prominent deleterious role.
Functional Damage to Inner and Outer Retinal Cells in Experimental Glaucoma (2003)

The integration of the retinal sources forming the mfERG response was compared between normal and glaucomatous monkey eyes. Both inner and outer retinal functions were aberrant in the responses of the glaucomatous eyes, with the attenuation of the inner retinal function more conspicuous. Nevertheless, glaucomatous eyes retained certain inner retinal activity, despite the advanced stage of disease. K2 responses were more sensitive to glaucomatous changes than were K1 responses.
Probabilistic evaluation of target dose deterioration in dose painting by numbers for stage II/III lung cancer (2015)

Purpose 

Non-small cell lung cancer is typically irradiated with 60-66 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. Local control could be improved by increasing dose to the more radiation-resistant areas (eg, based on the standardized uptake values of a pretreatment [ 18 F]fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan). Such dose painting approaches, however, are poorly suited for a conventional planning target volume margin expansion; therefore, typically no margins are used. This study investigates dose deterioration of a dose painting by numbers ( DPBN ) approach resulting from geometrical uncertainties.

 Methods and materials 

For 9 DPBN plans of stage II/III non-small cell lung cancer patients, the boost dose was escalated up to 130 Gy (in 33 fractions) or until a dose-limiting constraint was reached. Then, using Monte Carlo methods, a probabilistic evaluation of dose endpoints for 99%, 98%, and 2% of gross tumor volume at a 90% confidence level was performed considering 8 different combinations of systematic (∑) and random (σ) geometric error distributions.

 Results 

Important underdosages, because of geometric uncertainties, of up to 38 Gy with minimal image guidance occur, reducing to 8 Gy with the highest level of image guidance, for a patient where a maximum dose of 119 Gy could be achieved. The evaluation showed that systematic errors had the largest influence. The effects of the uncertainties are most evident where the dose or its gradient is high.

 Conclusions 

Probabilistic evaluation showed that the geometric uncertainties have a large effect and should be evaluated before approving DPBN plans.
Feasibility Examinations of a Driver Support System With Accelerator Pedal Force Feedback and Driving Force Control Functions (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Development of CE methods to analyze potential components of the angiogenic glycoprotein vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (2009)

The vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF(165)) is the predominant form of the complex VEGF family. This glycoprotein has, among others, an angiogenic effect in many physiological and pathological events. For this reason, its roles as a biomarker and as a therapeutic drug have been considered. However, very little is known about the existence of different forms of VEGF(165) arising from glycosylation and other potential PTMs. This aspect is crucial because it is known that for other glycoproteins the ratio between these isoforms actually acts as a biomarker for certain diseases and other physiological states. In addition, for therapeutic use of glycoproteins it is known that the biological activity may differ for the various isoforms. In this work CE methods to separate up to seven peaks without baseline resolution containing various forms of VEGF(165) are developed. Using a computer program previously developed in-house peak assignment could be performed with accuracy close to 100%. In this way, comparison between recombinant human VEGF(165) expressed in insect cells, which is a glycosylating system, and in Escherichia coli cells, which are unable of performing glycosylation of proteins, has been possible. The methods developed, besides providing information about the existence of several forms of VEGF(165), mean a starting point that permits the study of the role of VEGF(165) as a potential biomarker of different diseases and physiological processes and to perform quality control of the recombinant drug during manufacturing. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that CE methods for VEGF(165) have been developed.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the stem aqueous extract of Anisopus mannii (2009)

Studies were conducted to determine the active chemical constituents of stem aqueous extract of Anisopus mannii by way of phytochemistry and to evaluate itsin vitro antimicrobial activity, using the disc diffusion technique as described by the National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standard (1993). Using standard phytochemical analysis procedures, results revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes and steroids. Tannins and anthraquinones were not detected in the extract. The stem aqueous extract of A. mannii dose dependently inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella gallinarium, Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except for Candida albicans where the extract did not show any activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (M.I.C) values were 25 mg/ml for E. coli, 50 mg/ml for S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. gallinarium, and P. aeruginosa and 100 mg/ml for K. pneumoniae. The minimal bactericidal concentration (M.B.C) was 50 mg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus, S. gallinarium, and P. aeruginosa, 100 mg/ml for S. pyogenes and 200 mg/ml for K. pneumoniae. These results suggest that the stem aqueous extract of A. mannii could be promising in its potential usefulness for treatment of bacterial induced ailments.

	 

	Key words: Phytochemical, extract, antimicrobial, Anisopus mannii.
Supplementary Figure 2 from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 77K, Figure S2: LM-Mb and c-di-GMP is effective against metastatic breast cancer in a therapeutic setting.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanistic Insight into the Interaction Between a Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst and Pd Cocatalyst for Improved Photocatalytic Performance (2016)

Understanding the cocatalyst/semiconductor interaction is of key importance for the design and synthesis of next generation photocatalytic materials for efficient hydrogen production and environmental cleanup applications. Here we investigate preformed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on a series of anatase TiO2 having well-controlled but varying degrees of crystallinity and crystallite size, and explore their photocatalytic performance for H2 production and phenol decomposition. While tuning the anatase crystallite size significantly influences the photocatalytic performance, varying the TiO2 crystallinity shows a negligible effect. Interestingly, the optimum quantum efficiency (∼78%) for H2 evolution is achieved with anatase having medium crystallite size (∼16 nm), whereas for phenol decomposition, a promotional effect is only observed for anatase with larger crystallite sizes (&gt;20 nm). Surface radical species and radical densities study reveal that the photogenerated charge carriers have been trapped at different sites depending on the crystallite size of anatase. While the excited electrons are only trapped in bulk lattice sites in small anatase (&lt;16 nm), larger anatase particles provide extra surface sites for charge trapping, which benefit charge storage and transportation to Pd surface sites, leading to a more efficient utilization of charge carriers for photocatalysis. Additionally, Pd supported on medium sized anatase (∼16 nm) hinders the formation of O2•- radicals on TiO2 surfaces, thus preventing unwanted reoxidation of photogenerated H2.
Effect of Azithromycin on Lipid Accumulation in Immortalized Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells (2013)

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is believed to be the leading cause of dry eye disease (DED), which afflicts tens of millions Americans (1). Of particular interest, the most common pharmaceutical treatment for the management of MGD in the United Statesis the off-label use of topical azithromycin (2). This macrolide antibiotic is presumed to be effective because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial actions, which may suppress the MGD-associated posterior blepharitis and growth of lid bacteria (3). However, there are no published, peer-reviewed data demonstrating that azithromycin has the ability to act directly on the human meibomian gland to enhance this tissue’s function, and to ameliorate the pathophysiology of MGD.

We hypothesize that azithromycin can act directly on human meibomian gland epithelial cells to stimulate their differentiation, enhance the quality and quantity of their lipid production, and promote their holocrine secretion. Our purpose was to begin to test our hypothesis.
Family‐based genetic association study of DLGAP3 in Tourette Syndrome (2010)

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder that is familial and highly heritable. Although genetic influences are thought to play a significant role in the development of TS, no definite TS susceptibility genes have been identified to date. TS is believed to be genetically related to both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and grooming disorders (GD) such as trichotillomania (TTM). SAP90/PSD95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3/DLGAP3) is a post-synaptic scaffolding protein that is highly expressed in glutamatergic synapses in the striatum and has recently been investigated as a candidate gene in both OCD and GD studies. Given the shared familial relationship between TS, OCD and TTM, DLGAP3 was evaluated as a candidate TS susceptibility gene. In a family-based sample of 289 TS trios, 22 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DLGAP3 region were analyzed. Nominally significant associations were identified between TS and rs11264126 and two haplotypes containing rs11264126 and rs12141243. Secondary analyses demonstrated that these results cannot be explained by the presence of comorbid OCD or TTM in the sample. Although none of these results remained significant after correction for multiple hypothesis testing, DLGAP3 remains a promising candidate gene for TS.
Food Restriction Prevents An Age-associated Increase in Rat Liver Beta-Adrenergic Receptors (1989)

In male Wistar rats fed ad libitum (24% protein, 4.5 Kcal/gm), the [125I]iodopindolol binding capacity of the beta-adrenergic receptors in liver of 24-month-old animals is 3-4 times greater than that of 6-month-old counterparts. In rats fed the same diet, on alternate days from weaning, the receptor capacity did not increase significantly between 6 and 24 months (10.20 +/- 0.55 vs 9.20 +/- 0.72 fmol/mg) or between 24 and 30 months. This was not due to acute dietary deprivation, as rats food-restricted for only 2 weeks, at 23.5 months of age, also showed elevated receptor capacities compared to 6-month-old ad libitum fed animals. Moreover, intermittent feeding produced no significant effects among 6-month-old animals, whether restricted since weaning or for two weeks prior to sacrifice. Many biochemical parameters that decrease with aging in rats fed ad libitum are prevented by dietary restriction. Our results demonstrate that a reproducible biochemical process that increases with aging is also prevented with dietary restriction. The age-related, liver beta-receptor increase may be a potentially reliable marker for studying biochemical perturbations that modify life span.
Biochemical characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase (2010)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinogalactan (AG) is an essential cell wall component. It provides a molecular framework serving to connect peptidoglycan to the outer mycolic acid layer. The biosynthesis of the arabinan domains of AG and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) occurs via a combination of membrane bound arabinofuranosyltransferases, all of which utilize decaprenol-1-monophosphorabinose as a substrate. The source of arabinose ultimately destined for deposition into cell wall AG or LAM originates exclusively from phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (pRpp), a central metabolite which is also required for other essential metabolic processes, such as de novo purine and pyrimidine biosyntheses. In M. tuberculosis, a single pRpp synthetase enzyme (Mt-PrsA) is solely responsible for the generation of pRpp, by catalyzing the transfer of pyrophosphate from ATP to the C1 hydroxyl position of ribose-5-phosphate. Here, we report a detailed biochemical and biophysical study of Mt-PrsA, which exhibits the most rapid enzyme kinetics reported for a pRpp synthetase.
Awareness of the Effect of Diabetes on Oral Health among a Population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. (2020)

This study reported adequate knowledge of the sample with respect to diabetes-related oral health. An important finding of this study was that the majority of the study participants did not receive information leading to diabetes-related oral health awareness or knowledge from anyone, which implies that health professionals and health media do not play the requisite role in dissemination of this important aspect of public health.
On setting reverse link target SIR in a CDMA system (2002)

DS/CDMA systems with conventional detectors require tight power control for satisfactory performance. In IS-95 systems, closed loop power control on the reverse link comprises two parts; an inner loop and outer loop. The inner loop aids the mobile in reaching its current signal to interference ratio (SIR) target through a sequence of power up/down commands. The outer loop dynamically adjusts the target SIR so that adequate performance in terms of frame error rate (FER), the true quality measure, is achieved. The propagation conditions for different users are different. Hence, the effectiveness of the inner loop is not the same for all users. In some cases, it always comes close to the target, while in others the variability could be quite significant. The outer loop compensates for such variability by adjusting the SIR targets so that all users obtain the same performance in terms of error rate. In this work, the algorithm used for the outer loop is described. A model for the outer loop is developed and analyzed. The analytical model enables sensitivity study of the algorithm to choice of parameters. Results indicate that the target values to be set are strongly dependent on the effectiveness of the inner loop. Thus, a fixed target strategy designed for the worst case, would be inefficient and would diminish system capacity.
Nefiracetam (DM‐9384) Preserves Hippocampal Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule‐Mediated Memory Consolidation Processes During Scopolamine Disruption of Passive Avoidance Training in the Rat (1993)

Scopolamine (0.15 mg/kg), a muscarinic antagonist, when administered during training or at a discrete 6-h posttraining time point, is demonstrated to inhibit the recall of a step-down passive avoidance response when tested at 24 and 48 h after task acquisition. Nefiracetam (3 mg/kg), a piracetam-related nootropic, when given with scopolamine during training tended to improve task recall, and this effect was more pronounced when given at the 6-h posttraining time. Co-administration of nefiracetam with scopolamine was not necessary to achieve the antiamnesic action, as nefiracetam given during training significantly improved the memory deficits produced by scopolamine at the 6-h posttraining time. The paradigm-specific increase in hippocampal neural cell adhesion molecule sialylation, which is observed during consolidation of a passive avoidance response, was attenuated by the presence of scopolamine during training and at the 6-h posttraining time, and this effect was reversed by co-administration of nefiracetam, albeit in a paradigm-independent manner. These results suggest nefiracetam exerts a neurotrophic action that protects memory consolidation from drug interventive insults.
Discovery of VU2957 (Valiglurax): An mGlu4 Positive Allosteric Modulator Evaluated as a Preclinical Candidate for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (2018)

Herein, we report the discovery of a novel potent, selective, CNS penetrant, and orally bioavailable mGlu<sub>4</sub> PAM, VU0652957 (VU2957, Valiglurax). VU2957 possessed attractive <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacological and DMPK properties across species. To advance toward the clinic, a spray-dried dispersion (SDD) formulation of VU2957 was developed to support IND-enabling toxicology studies. Based on its overall profile, VU2957 was evaluated as a preclinical development candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Fronthaul compression and precoding design for MIMO full-duplex cognitive radio networks (2018)

In this work, joint design of fronthaul compression and precoding in cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) is studied for full-duplex (FD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underlay cognitive radio networks. In this system, multiple secondary uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) users equipped with multiple antennas communicate with a control unit (CU) in the “cloud” through a set of multi-antenna secondary FD radio units (RU) which are connected to the CU through limited capacity links. We address the sum-rate maximization problem subject to UL and DL fronthaul rate constraints at each RU, power constraints at each RU and UL users, and maximum allowed interference at the primary users. Casting this non-convex problem as a difference of convex (DC) problem, an iterative algorithm based on the Majorization Minimization (MM) approach that guarantees convergence to a stationary point is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm.