gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging biomarkers of cognitive decline in healthy older adults via unified learning (2017)

Cognitive aging in healthy adults exhibits significant and heterogeneous variability. In this study, we apply a robust unified learning framework to cluster subgroups using neuroimaging data (brain volume and white matter), to identify neurological phenotypes that can sort out the heterogeneity in cognitive aging and help identify potential risk factors for suboptimal brain aging. Using machine learning analytics, results revealed two unique subgroups in healthy older adults with different patterns of white matter integrity and brain volumetric measures. The classification of phenotypical subgroups in healthy older adults may inform the understanding of the complexity of brain changes before the onset of clinical symptoms. The identified neuroimaging features that defined group classification are recognized as important structures that subserve cognitive performance. Further analysis of these potential biomarkers that help predict trajectory of cognitive decline in symptom free individuals could lead to the detection of early stages of neurodegenerative diseases.
Triboluminescence and pressure dependence of the photoluminescence of tetrahedral manganese(II) complexes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriboluminescence and pressure dependence of the photoluminescence of tetrahedral manganese(II) complexesGordon E. Hardy and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 12, 3061–3065Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50166a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50166a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views677Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry and Steepest Descent Inversion Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry and Steepest Descent Inversion (2021)

In this paper, we present a method for estimating complex impedances using reflectometry and a modified steepest descent inversion algorithm. We simulate spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR), which can measure complex impedances on energized systems for an experimental setup with resistive and capacitive loads. A parametric function, which includes both a misfit function and stabilizer function, is created. The misfit function is a least squares estimate of how close the model data matches observed data. The stabilizer function prevents the steepest descent algorithm from becoming unstable and diverging. Steepest descent iteratively identifies the model parameters that minimize the parametric function. We validate the algorithm by correctly identifying the model parameters (capacitance and resistance) associated with simulated SSTDR data, with added 3 dB white Gaussian noise. With the stabilizer function, the steepest descent algorithm estimates of the model parameters are bounded within a specified range. The errors for capacitance (220pF to 820pF) and resistance (50 Ω to 270 Ω) are &lt; 10%, corresponding to a complex impedance magnitude |R +1/jωC| of 53 Ω to 510 Ω.
Nonlinear Characterization of Thin Films by the Dual-Arm Z-scan Method (2013)

We report nonlinear refraction and absorption of organic (polymethine) and semiconductor (ZnO) thin films on thick substrates using the dual-arm Z-scan method to remove the substrate signals, thus allowing the discrimination of very small signals.
Synthesis of High Purity Yb 3+ ‐Doped Lu 2 O 3 Powder for High Power Solid‐State Lasers (2011)

We have synthesized high‐purity Yb 3+ ‐doped Lu 2 O 3 powder by the coprecipitation method. We have demonstrated that the recrystallization of the metal nitrates greatly improve the chemical purity of the resulting oxides. From thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis study, we have calculated the approximate formula of the oxinitrate precipitate precursor as Lu 1.8 Yb 0.2 (OH) 5.44 (NO 3 ) 0.56 ·0.58H 2 O. Fine and soft agglomerate powders were obtained after calcinations. We have shown that the powder is mainly in the form of polycrystalline soft agglomerates composed with 15–20 nm size crystals. The resulting ceramic showed higher transparency (close to theoretical limit) compared with the ones fabricated with commercial powders.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane Derivatives as Chiral Reagents, Scaffolds, and Ligands for Catalysis: Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis and Molecular Recognition (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retinal microvascular signs in COVID-19 (2021)

One in nine had retinal microvascular signs on ocular imaging. These signs were observed even in asymptomatic patients with normal vital signs. These retinal microvascular signs may be related to underlying cardiovascular and thrombotic alternations associated with COVID-19 infection.
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 7-fluoro-7-deaza-2-aminopurine nucleoside derivatives (2008)

Three 7-fluoro-7-deaza-2-aminopurine nucleoside derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of RNA virus replication, including hepatitis C virus (HCV).
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC PHOSPHORANES AS PRECURSORS OF MONO‐ OR BIDENTATE EIGHT‐MEMBERED CYCLIC LIGANDS. COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH THE METAL IN A CRADLE (1979)

Abstract In den bicyclischen Phosphoranen (II) wird in Gegenwart von Mo‐ oder W‐hexacarbonyl, dimerem Chlorodicarbonyl‐Rh oder Chloro‐bis‐[ethylen]‐Rh die P‐N‐Bindung gespalten.
Using Data-Mining CRISP-DM Methodology to Predict Drilling Troubles in Real-Time (2020)

Abstract Drilling is considered one of the most challenging and costly operations in the oil and gas industry. Several initiatives were applied to reduce the cost and increase the effectiveness of drilling operations. One of the frequent difficulties that faces these operations is unexpected drilling troubles that take place and stops the operation, resulting in losing a lot of time and money, and could lead to safety issues culminating in a fatality situation. For that, the industry is in continues efforts to prevent drilling troubles. Part of these efforts is utilizing the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to identify troubles in advance and prevent them before maturing to a serious situation. Multiple approaches were tried; however, errors and significant deviation were observed when comparing the prediction results to the actual drilling data. This could be due to the improper design of the artificial intelligent technology or inappropriate data processing. Therefore, searching for dynamic and adequate artificial intelligent technology and encapsulated data processing model is very essential. This paper presents an effective data-mining methodology to determine the most efficient artificial intelligent technology and the applicable data processing techniques, to identify the early symptoms of drilling troubles in real-time. This methodology is CRISP-DM that stands for Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining. This methodology consists of the following phases: Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation and Deployment. During these phases, multiple data-quality techniques were applied to improve the reliability of the real-time data. The developed model presented a significant improvement in identifying the drilling troubles in advance, compared to the current practice. Parameters such as hook-load and bit-depth, were studied. Actual data from several oil fields were used to develop and validate this smart model. This model provided the drilling engineers and operation crew with bigger window to mitigate the situation and resolve it, prevent the occurrence of several drilling troubles, result in big time and cost savings. In addition to the time and cost savings, CRISP-DM provided the artificial intelligent experts and the drilling domain experts with a framework to exchange knowledge and sharply increase the synergy between the two domains, which lead to a common and clear understanding, and long-term successful drilling and AI teams collaboration. The novelty of this paper is the introduction of data-mining CRIPS methodology for the first time in the prediction of drilling troubles. It enabled the development of a successful artificial intelligence model that outperformed other drilling troubles prediction practices.
Supplementary Tables and Figures from Anti-BCMA/CD19 CAR T Cells with Early Immunomodulatory Maintenance for Multiple Myeloma Responding to Initial or Later-Line Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental tables: (1) Subject characteristics. (2) Cytogenetic profiles and high-risk features. (3) Prior treatment exposures and refractoriness. (4) CAR T cell product characteristics. (5) Products that did not meet target dose. (6) Adverse events of grade 3-4. (7) Cytokine release syndrome and ICANS. (8). Maintenance therapy. Supplemental Figures: (1) Study schematic and subject disposition, (2) Correlates of manufacturing success, (3) Hematopoietic recovery, (4) Post-infusion T cell phenotypes, (5) Correlates of in vivo expansion and manufacturing success, (6) Late post-infusion CAR T cell re-expansion, (7) Soluble BCMA, (8) Late-onset clinical responses, (9) MM cell BCMA expression, (10) Pre- and post-treatment Sox2-specific T cell responses in CART-BCMA monotherapy patients, (11) Pre- and post-treatment Sox2-specific T cell responses in CART-BCMA + huCART19 combination therapy patients, (12) Sustained post-treatment SOX2-specific T-cell responses.&lt;/p&gt;
US Biomedical Research (2005)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the world's largest biomedical research agency, with a 75-year record of responding to the nation's key medical challenges. Today, medical science is entering a revolutionary period marked by a shift in focus from acute to chronic diseases, rapidly escalating health care costs, a torrent of biological data generated by the sequencing of the human genome, and the development of advanced high-throughput technologies that allow for the study of vast molecular networks in health and disease. This unique period offers the unprecedented opportunity to identify individuals at risk of disease based on precise molecular knowledge, and the chance to intervene to preempt disease before it strikes. Conceptually, this represents the core scientific challenge of the coming century. The NIH is committed to the discoveries that will change the practice of medicine as we know it in order to meet this challenge. The NIH Roadmap constitutes an important vehicle for generating change-a most critical element of this plan is the reengineering of the national clinical research enterprise. This reinvention will call for the transformation of translational clinical science and for novel interdisciplinary approaches that will advance science and enhance the health of the nation.
Natural Silencing of Quorum-Sensing Activity Protects Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Lysis by an Autoinducer-Detecting Phage (2023)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical communication process that bacteria use to track population density and orchestrate collective behaviors. QS relies on the production, accumulation, and group-wide detection of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. Vibriophage 882 (phage VP882), a bacterial virus, encodes a homolog of the <i>Vibrio</i> QS receptor-transcription factor, called VqmA, that monitors the <i>Vibrio</i> QS autoinducer DPO. Phage VqmA binds DPO at high host-cell density and activates transcription of the phage gene <i>qtip</i> . Qtip, an antirepressor, launches the phage lysis program. Phage-encoded VqmA when bound to DPO also manipulates host QS by activating transcription of the host gene <i>vqmR</i> . VqmR is a small RNA that controls downstream QS target genes. Here, we sequence <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> strain O3:K6 882, the strain from which phage VP882 was initially isolated. The chromosomal region normally encoding <i>vqmR</i> and <i>vqmA</i> harbors a deletion encompassing <i>vqmR</i> and a portion of the <i>vqmA</i> promoter, inactivating that QS system. We discover that <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strain O3:K6 882 is also defective in its other QS systems, due to a mutation in <i>luxO</i> , encoding the central QS transcriptional regulator LuxO. Both the <i>vqmR-vqmA</i> and <i>luxO</i> mutations lock <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strain O3:K6 882 into the low-cell density QS state. Reparation of the QS defects in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strain O3:K6 882 promotes activation of phage VP882 lytic gene expression and LuxO is primarily responsible for this effect. Phage VP882-infected QS-competent <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strain O3:K6 882 cells lyse more rapidly and produce more viral particles than the QS-deficient parent strain. We propose that, in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strain O3:K6 882, constitutive maintenance of the low-cell density QS state suppresses the launch of the phage VP882 lytic cascade, thereby protecting the bacterial host from phage-mediated lysis.
Toward attosecond metrology (2002)

Ultrashort-pulse lasers constitute the fastest probes available for tracing transitions between different states of matter. They allow measuring time intervals on a femtosecond time scale and provide access to fundamental physical, chemical and biological processes on a microscopic scale in the time domain. The fastest speed at which events can be followed is limited by the laser pulse duration. Sub-10 femtosecond pulses are available in the visible and near infrared spectral range. They comprise only a few optical cycles, hence the phase of the carrier with respect to the pulse envelope becomes a significant issue. A method for controlling this phase is described in this paper. Several fundamental atomic processes such as inner-shell electronic relaxation or ionization by optical tunneling, however, take place within a fraction of the oscillation period of visible or near-infrared radiation and require very short probes for being investigated. Isolated bursts of radiation of the order of 1 femtosecond or shorter are required to reliably trace these dynamics never before accessed in the time domain. These single bursts need to be carried at substantially shorter wavelengths, preferably in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or X-ray regime, if bound atomic electrons are to be accessed in ultrafast spectroscopy. High harmonic generation using few-cycle pulses is ideal for this purpose.
Observations of the Constitutive Response and Characterization of Filled Natural Rubber Under Monotonic and Cyclic Multiaxial Stress States (2004)

This work explores the monotonic and cyclic behaviors of filled, natural rubber. Results of stress-strain experiments conducted under stress states of simple, planar, and equibiaxial tension are presented. The ability of hyperelastic models to capture the observed response, as well as recent developments in constitutive modeling of filled rubber such as the consequences of the Mullins effect, are discussed. Monotonic and cyclic multiaxial experiments were also conducted using a short, thin-walled, cylindrical specimen subjected to a wide range of combined axial and twist displacements. Experiments included pure axial tension, pure torsion, combined loading in which the axial and torsion displacements varied proportionally, and combined loading in which the axial and torsion displacements varied non-proportionally (phase between axial and torsion channels of ϕ=0 deg, 90 deg, 180 deg). Results from these tests are presented and discussed, including evolution of stress-strain behavior with load cycles, and the effects of a short period of initial overloading on the subsequent evolution of the stress-strain response.
Incorporating mathematics in a freshman engineering course (2002)

The paper discusses how new freshman engineering courses at West Virginia University integrated computers, mathematics, and design while giving a more rigorous introduction to engineering. Pilot sections were started in the Fall 1994 semester. One day per week is devoted to maths. Three days a week are project work. Projects are not chosen for mathematical content, but stress mathematics within each project. The engineering instructor does not replace the mathematics faculty or tutors. Engineers act as experts on the uses of mathematics. Since we feel most successful engineering students study cooperatively we promote group study activity in mathematics.
Optical and magneto-optical constants ofMnPt3s (1997)

Optically thick films of ${\mathrm{MnPt}}_{3}$ were deposited on quartz using dc magnetron sputtering. The films were covered with an ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ protective overcoat and annealed in vacuum at 850 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for 1 h to form the crystalline ${\mathrm{L}1}_{2}$ (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$ Au) cubic structure. These films have a high degree of long-range order and are highly textured with the (111) axis along the film normal. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were taken over the spectral range of 1.2--4.2 eV to determine the optical constants of both ${\mathrm{MnPt}}_{3}$ and the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ overcoat. Spectroscopic magneto-optic Kerr rotation and ellipticity measurements at near normal incidence over the spectral range of 1.4--3.6 eV were used to determine the off-diagonal dielectric tensor elements for ${\mathrm{MnPt}}_{3}$ . First-principles electronic-structure calculations were carried out for the ordered ${\mathrm{MnPt}}_{3}$ structure and from these the dielectric tensor elements of ${\mathrm{MnPt}}_{3}$ were calculated. The experimental and theoretical values of the diagonal components of the dielectric tensor components are in good agreement. The agreement for the off-diagonal components of the dielectric tensor is only fair.
Lower-limb vascular imaging with acoustic radiation force elastography: Demonstration of in vivo feasibility (2009)

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging characterizes the mechanical properties of tissue by measuring displacement resulting from applied ultrasonic radiation force. In this paper, we describe the current status of ARFI imaging for lower-limb vascular applications and present results from both tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo experiments. Initial experiments were performed on vascular phantoms constructed with polyvinyl alcohol for basic evaluation of the modality. Multilayer vessels and vessels with compliant occlusions of varying plaque load were evaluated with ARFI imaging techniques. Phantom layers and plaque are well resolved in the ARFI images, with higher contrast than B-mode, demonstrating the ability of ARFI imaging to identify regions of different mechanical properties. Healthy human subjects and those with diagnosed lower-limb peripheral arterial disease were imaged. Proximal and distal vascular walls are well visualized in ARFI images, with higher mean contrast than corresponding B-mode images. ARFI images reveal information not observed by conventional ultrasound and lend confidence to the feasibility of using ARFI imaging during lower-limb vascular workup.
Video-rate THz imaging applications using a 384&#x00D7;288 pixel camera (2013)

Video-rate THz reflection imaging, at 450 GHz using a high-resolution INO 384×288 pixel camera core, of pills in blister packs further contained within their final commercial packages is reported. These results open the door to deployable real-time THz cameras for see-through imaging applications, providing a tool for NDE quality control and security inspection of goods within their final packaging.
Long Term Motion Prediction Using Keyposes (2020)

Long term human motion prediction is essential in safety-critical applications such as human-robot interaction and autonomous driving. In this paper we show that to achieve long term forecasting, predicting human pose at every time instant is unnecessary. Instead, it is more effective to predict a few keyposes and approximate intermediate ones by interpolating the keyposes. We demonstrate that our approach enables us to predict realistic motions for up to 5 seconds in the future, which is far longer than the typical 1 second encountered in the literature. Furthermore, because we model future keyposes probabilistically, we can generate multiple plausible future motions by sampling at inference time. Over this extended time period, our predictions are more realistic, more diverse and better preserve the motion dynamics than those state-of-the-art methods yield.
The Mechanism of Lung Volume Change during Mechanical Ventilation (1999)

To understand ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) during positive pressure ventilation, mechanisms of normal alveolar mechanics must first be established. Isotropic "balloonlike" alveolar volume (VA) change has been viewed as the prevailing mechanism of normal lung volume (VL) changes. We hypothesized that change in VL is predominantly caused by alveolar recruitment-derecruitment (R/D). Fifteen mongrel dogs were anesthetized and intubated with a tracheal divider. Through a thoracotomy incision, in vivo microscopy of subpleural alveoli was performed as the degassed lung was inflated to 80% TLC, and then deflated to residual volume (RV). Still photomicrographs were evaluated to determine if change in VL is due to change in VA or R/D of alveoli. We noted a steady, significant increase in alveolar recruitment as VL increased to 80% TLC (p < 0.05). However, VA increased significantly, but only to 20% TLC (p < 0.05). Once recruited, alveoli did not demonstrate any further volume change, whereas the lung as a whole maintained a normal pressure/volume relationship. In our model, changes in VL predominantly are caused by R/D. Carney DE, Bredenberg CE, Schiller HJ, Picone AL, McCann UG II, Gatto LA, Bailey G, Fillinger M, Nieman GF. The mechanism of lung volume change during mechanical ventilation.