gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mercury Ion Clock for a NASA Technology Demonstration Mission (2016)

There are many different atomic frequency standard technologies but only few meet the demanding performance, reliability, size, mass, and power constraints required for space operation. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is developing a linear ion-trap-based mercury ion clock, referred to as DSAC (Deep-Space Atomic Clock) under NASA's Technology Demonstration Mission program. This clock is expected to provide a new capability with broad application to space-based navigation and science. A one-year flight demonstration is planned as a hosted payload following an early 2017 launch. This first-generation mercury ion clock for space demonstration has a volume, mass, and power of 17 L, 16 kg, and 47 W, respectively, with further reductions planned for follow-on applications. Clock performance with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)*Q limited stability of 1.5E-13/τ(1/2) has been observed and a fractional frequency stability of 2E-15 at one day measured (no drift removed). Such a space-based stability enables autonomous timekeeping of with a technology capable of even higher stability, if desired. To date, the demonstration clock has been successfully subjected to mechanical vibration testing at the 14 grms level, thermal-vacuum operation over a range of 42(°)C, and electromagnetic susceptibility tests.
Full utilization, fairness and bounded access delay on high speed bus networks (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between utilization, fairness and access delay in high speed slotted bus networks. We illustrate this relationship by means of a protocol called FUFA (fully utilized and fair). We define full utilization, and fairness precisely, and show that both are achieved together in the FUFA protocol. In addition, the protocol provides bounded access delay that is linear in the round trip propagation delay, and at most a constant away from its minimum possible value for any bus protocol that is both fully utilized and fair. The main idea is that each station takes account of the idle slots propagated previously to interpret the information from downstream (i.e., estimated aggregate number of data segments in the queue downstream and estimated number of active downstream stations). This allows the active downstream stations to be served in a round robin fashion according to the updated information.
Simple Analytic Performance Models for Streaming Data Applications Deployed on Diverse Architectures (2013)

Modern hardware is inherently heterogeneous. With heterogeneity comes multiple abstraction layers that hide underlying complex systems. While hidden, this complexity makes quantitative performance modeling a difficult task. Designers of high-performance streaming applications for heterogeneous systems must contend with unpredictable and often non-generalizable models to predict performance of a particular application and hardware mapping. This paper outlines a computationally simple approach that can be used to model the overall throughput and buffering needs of a streaming application on heterogeneous hardware. The model presented is based upon a hybrid maximum flow and decomposed discrete queueing model. The utility of the model is assessed using a set of real and synthetic benchmarks with model predictions compared to measured application performance.
Systemic Inflammation Persists the First Year after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Results from the Prospective Trondheim Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Study (2020)

Innate immune activation has been attributed a key role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and successive morbidity. In mild TBI (mTBI), however, the extent and persistence of innate immune activation are unknown. We determined plasma cytokine level changes over 12 months after an mTBI in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients compared with community controls; and examined their associations to injury-related and demographic variables at admission. Prospectively, 207 patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) or general practitioner with clinically confirmed mTBI and 82 matched community controls were included. Plasma samples were obtained at admission, after 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months. Cytokine levels were analysed with a 27-plex beads-based immunoassay. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on all participants. Twelve cytokines were reliably detected. Plasma levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 8 (IL-8), eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta (MIP-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), IL-17A, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic) were significantly increased at all time-points in patients compared with controls, whereas IFN-γ-inducing protein 10 (IP-10), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and IL-1ra were not. IL-17A and FGF-basic showed significant increases in patients from admission to follow-up at 3 months, and remained increased at 12 months compared with admission. Interestingly, MRI findings were negatively associated with four cytokines: eotaxin, MIP-1β, IL-9, and IP-10, whereas age was positively associated with nine cytokines: IL-8, eotaxin, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IL-17A, IL-9, TNF, FGF-basic, and IL-1ra. TNF was also increased in those with presence of other injuries. In conclusion, mTBI activated the innate immune system consistently and this is the first study to show that several inflammatory cytokines remain increased for up to 1 year post-injury.
Antiandrogenic actions of medroxyprogesterone acetate on epithelial cells within normal human breast tissues cultured ex vivo (2013)

In a subset of postmenopausal women, MPA exerts an antiandrogenic effect on breast epithelial cells that is associated with increased proliferation and destabilization of AR protein. This activity may contribute mechanistically to the increased risk of breast cancer in women taking MPA-containing EPT.
Low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Ugandan HIV-infected patients with and without tuberculosis (2012)

The prevalence of optimal vitamin D status was relatively high in HIV-infected patients with and without TB living near the equator. No difference in 25D concentrations was observed between TB-IRIS and non-IRIS. However, 25D concentrations decreased during ART.
Endoscopic Duodenal Mucosal Resurfacing for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Interim Analysis From the First-in-Human Proof-of-Concept Study (2016)

Single-procedure DMR elicits a clinically significant improvement in hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in the short-term, with acceptable safety and tolerability. Long-term safety, efficacy, and durability and possible mechanisms of action require further investigation.
Synthesis, Functionalization, Characterization, and Application of Controlled Shape Nanoparticles in Energy Production (2011)

In this chapter we present recent advances in synthesis, characterization, optical, catalytic and physico-chemical properties of nanoscale materials with potential applications in fuel cells processes. In particular, this review and original research focuses on the catalytic properties of noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., platinum, gold and silver) as a function of particles morphology and composition (e.g., isotropic and anisotropic, solid, hollow and core-shell structures, and mono- and bi- metallic compositions, supported and unsupported).
Carbocyclization of Functionalized Zinc Organometallics (1993)

The intramolecular cyclization reaction of a suitable functionalized alkenylzinc leads to a cyclopentylmethylzinc derivative which can react with various electrophiles.
SIMD Acceleration for HEVC Decoding (2014)

Single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions have been commonly used to accelerate video codecs. The recently introduced High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) codec like its predecessors is based on the hybrid video codec principle and, therefore, is also well suited to be accelerated with SIMD. In this paper we present the SIMD optimization for the entire HEVC decoder for all major SIMD instruction set architectures. Evaluation has been performed on 14 mobile and PC platforms covering most major architectures released in recent years. With SIMD, up to 5× speedup can be achieved over the entire HEVC decoder, resulting in up to 133 and 37.8 frames/s on average on a single core for Main profile 1080p and Main10 profile 2160p sequences, respectively.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Compounds Containing Quadruple Metal–Metal Bonds. Polarized Single Crystal Absorption Spectra of (n‐Bu4N)2[Re2Br8] at 5 K (1976)

Abstract It is found that only weak MCD B terms are associated with the 1 A 1s → 1 A 2u ( δ → δ *) absorption in Re 2 X 2‐ 8 (X = Cl, Br), Mo 2 Cl 4‐ 8 , and Mo 2 Cl 4 [P(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ] 4 . At 15K (KBr disk sample), the 585 nm absorption system of Mo 2 Cl 4 [P(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ] 4 shows 320 cm −1 vibronic fine structure in a 1g (MoMo). By analogy, this sytem is assigned to the spin‐allowed δ → δ * transition. The lowest energy strong MCD signals exhibited by Re 2 Cl 2‐ 8 , Re 2 Br 2‐ 8 , and Mo 2 Cl 4‐ 8 are A terms at 310, 420, and 270 nm, respectively. These are associated with the 1 A 1g → 1 E u (X(π) → δ*) transitions. Relatively intense MCD signals at 275 and 380 nm for Re 2 Cl 2‐ 8 and Re 2 Br 2‐ 8 and corresponding features in the single crystal polarized absorption spectra are assigned in each case to two overlapping transitions, 1 A 1g → 1 A 2u (X(π) → δ*) and 1 A 1g → 1 E u (X(σ) → δ*). The 440 nm absorption systems of Mo 2 (O 2 CH) 4 and Mo 2 (O 2 CCF 3 ) 4 exhibit strong MCD B terms.
Properties of interfaces between silicone rubber and epoxy (2008)

An experimental set-up was designed for testing the impact of adhesion defects at interfaces between silicone rubber and epoxy in composite insulators. Test samples were aged in this set-up by discharges appearing under a presence of tangential electric field at the interfaces exposed to humid conditions. This combination of stresses simulated realistic conditions, in which ageing at the interface could possibly accelerate further deterioration of the adhesion between silicone rubber and epoxy. The test samples were prepared by joining both the materials with and without application of primer. Without the primer, bonding between epoxy and silicone rubber was reduced. The interfacial strength after the ageing was investigated by means of a modified peel test, whereas the changes of the dielectric properties were assessed by dielectric response measurements. Furthermore, the resulting degradation was analysed with infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The analyses showed that the combined stresses affected to some extend both the epoxy and the silicone rubber. However, the interfacial mechanical strength was not reduced significantly, which is an indicator for possibility to tolerate existence of small interfacial defects in real composite insulators.
Fabrication of the Electroless NiMoB Films as a Diffusion Barrier Layer on the Low-<em>k</em> Substrate (2006)

Fabrication of electroless NiMoB thin films as a diffusion barrier layer and capping layer for Cu interconnects in ULSI with low-k inter level dielectrics were developed. The films containing the Mo were expected to improve the barrier property for Cu diffusion and thermal stability of the films. This study included the novel wet formation process, i.e. we use self-assembled monolayer and catalyzing process to obtain the uniform catalyzed surface to initiate the electroless deposition reaction. The deposition rate was strongly dependent on the MoO3 concentration in the solution. The content of Mo in the deposit increased as the concentration of MoO3 in the solution increased. Thermal stability of the NiMoB film for Cu diffusion was evaluated. The obtained films (Mo concentration = 20 to 25at %) was stable against vacuum annealing under 400{degree sign}C
Poly[(ι-carboxy)oligo(oxyethylene) methacrylate] as a new type of polymeric solid electrolyte for alkali-metal ion transport (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly[(ι-carboxy)oligo(oxyethylene) methacrylate] as a new type of polymeric solid electrolyte for alkali-metal ion transportEishun Tsuchida, Hiroyuki Ohno, Norihisa Kobayashi, and Hajime IshizakaCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 4, 1771–1775Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00194a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00194a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fe3O4(1 1 1) thin films with bulk-like properties: growth and atomic characterization (2012)

Abstract Growth defects, domain structures and off-stoichiometric compositional deviation are the cause of significant deviation of magnetic and transport properties of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) thin films. We show that these anomalous properties can be fully controlled by postannealing in CO/CO 2 atmosphere. Aberration corrected electron microscopy has revealed a full structural transformation from Fe/FeO x to Fe 3 O 4 and a drastic reduction of growth defects in the postannealed films. The magnetic and magnetotransport measurements show that postannealed film properties are bulk-like: the magnetization was fully saturated with ∼480 emu cm −3 , as in bulk single crystal, and the negative magnetoresistance was suppressed by an order of magnitude.
High Frequency Magnetic Field Sensors Based On The Faraday Effect In Garnet Thick Films (1992)

The Faraday effect in ferrimagnetic garnets can be used as the basis for fiber optic magnetic field sensors [1,2]. Single crystals of substituted yttrium iron garnet (YIG) can be in bulk form, or epitaxial thin films with planar anisotropy [3], or thick films with uniaxial anisotropy perpendicular to the surface [4]. The growth of magnetic domains parallel to the applied field at the expense of antiparallel domains results in changing Faraday rotation of the plane of polarization of transmitted infrared light. In this paper we report on the sensitivity and speed of sensors based on thick uniaxial garnet films, with the applied field and the light propagation direction perpendicular to the film. In zero field, these films have up and down magnetic domains of equal area, forming the familiar stripe pattem shown by their Faraday rotation in Figure 1. The changes in this pattem with magnetic field determine the sensitivity and limit the maximum operating speed of a magnetic field sensor.
Towards the Generation of Artificial O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferases: In Vitro Selection of Antibodies with Reactive Cysteine Residues (2002)

A stepwise in vitro selection scheme for the generation of artificial DNA repair proteins based on antibody scaffolds is introduced. The key to the success of the selection scheme is a careful match of the reactivity of the substrate (see scheme) with that of the antibody displayed on the phage. Antibodies with reactive cysteine residues were isolated and characterized in detail. Results showed that two cysteine residues with different reactivities play an important role in antibody folding.
Data Extrapolation in Social Sensing for Disaster Response (2014)

This paper complements the large body of social sensing literature by developing means for augmenting sensing data with inference results that "fill-in" missing pieces. Unlike trend-extrapolation methods, we focus on prediction in disaster scenarios where disruptive trend changes occur. A set of prediction heuristics (and a standard trend extrapolation algorithm) are compared that use either predominantly-spatial or predominantly-temporal correlations for data extrapolation purposes. The evaluation shows that none of them do well consistently. This is because monitored system state, in the aftermath of disasters, alternates between periods of relative calm and periods of disruptive change (e.g., aftershocks). A good prediction algorithm, therefore, needs to intelligently combine time-based data extrapolation during periods of calm, and spatial data extrapolation during periods of change. The paper develops such an algorithm. The algorithm is tested using data collected during the New York City crisis in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in November 2012. Results show that consistently good predictions are achieved. The work is unique in addressing the bi-modal nature of damage propagation in complex systems subjected to stress, and offers a simple solution to the problem.
Mechanical Properties of Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Semiconductor Films (2016)

Advantages of semiconducting small molecules-as opposed to semiconducting polymers-include synthetic simplicity, monodispersity, low cost, and ease of purification. One purported disadvantage of small-molecule films is reduced mechanical robustness. This paper measures the tensile modulus and crack-onset strain for pure films of the high-performance solution-processable small-molecule donors 7,7'-[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (DTS(FBTTh2)2), 2,5-di(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bis(5″-n-hexyl-[2,2',5',2″]terthiophen-5-yl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (SMDPPEH), and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene), the acceptor 5,5'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyldi-2,1-ethenediyl)bis[2-hexyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione] (HPI-BT), blends of DTS(FBTTh2)2 and SMDPPEH with [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and with HPI-BT, and bulk heterojunction films processed with the additives 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and polystyrene (PS). The most deformable films of solution-processed organic semiconductors are found to exhibit tensile moduli and crack-onset strains comparable to those measured for conjugated polymers. For example, the tensile modulus of as-cast DTS(FBTTh2)2 is 0.68 GPa (i.e., comparable to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), the common polymer), while it exhibits no cracks when stretched on an elastomeric substrate to strains of 14%. While this high degree of stretchability is lost upon the addition of PC71BM (4.2 GPa, 1.42%), it can be partially recovered using processing additives. Tensile modulus and crack-onset strain are highly correlated, which is typical of van der Waals solids. Increased surface roughness was correlated to increased modulus and brittleness within films of similar composition. Decreased stiffness for soluble molecular semiconductors can be rationalized by the presence of alkyl side chains, which decrease the van der Waals attraction between molecules in the crystalline grains. These measurements and observations could have important consequences for the stability of devices based on molecular semiconductors, especially those destined for stretchable or ultraflexible applications, or those demanding mechanical robustness during roll-to-roll fabrication or use in the outdoor environment.
Introduction aux sciences de l'information (2015)

Les fichiers Ã©changÃ©s sur Internet et stockÃ©s sur les disques durs contiennent de lâinformation qui deviendra finalement du texte, des images ou des sons. Mais comment cette information est-elle mesurÃ©e et comprimÃ©e ? Comment est-elle sÃ©curisÃ©e pour Ã©viter les copies illicites ? Comment est-elle protÃ©gÃ©e contre les erreurs lors dâune recopie ? Voici les questions auxquelles rÃ©pond cet ouvrage. Sans Ã©quivalent dans la littÃ©rature, il prÃ©sente pour la premiÃ¨re fois les thÃ©ories de lâentropie, du codage et de la cryptographie de faÃ§on simple, claire et pÃ©dagogique. Principalement destinÃ© aux Ã©tudiants en sciences de premiÃ¨re annÃ©e de Bachelor, il intÃ©ressera aussi, et plus largement, tous ceux curieux de comprendre la thÃ©orie scientifique Ã la base du traitement de lâinformation.
Carbon Onions: Carriers of the 217.5 nm Interstellar Absorption Feature (2003)

Ultraviolet-visible absorption measurements of high purity and well separated carbon onion samples are reported. The results show that, after purification, absorption features from carbon onions match well with the interstellar UV spectrum. The measurements show that the absorption peak position remains constant at 4.55+/-0.1 microm(-1), and the width varies from 1.2-1.6 microm(-1), a key feature of the interstellar spectrum. The similarities between the experimental and observed absorption spectra indicate that carbon onions are very strong candidates for the origin of the UV interstellar absorption peak at 4.6 microm(-1).
Expression of connective tissue growth factor in bone: Its role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo (2003)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted, extracellular matrix-associated signaling protein that regulates diverse cellular functions. In vivo, CTGF is expressed in many tissues with highest levels in the kidney and brain. The purpose of this study was twofold; first, to localize CTGF in normal bone in vivo during growth and repair, and second, to examine CTGF expression and function in primary osteoblast cultures in vitro and test its effect on bone formation in vivo. Northern and Western blot analyses confirmed that CTGF is expressed in normal long bones during the period of growth or modeling. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated intense staining for CTGF mRNA and protein in osteoblasts lining metaphyseal trabeculae. Examination of CTGF expression in the fracture callus demonstrated that it was primarily localized in osteoblasts lining active, osteogenic surfaces. In primary osteoblast cultures, CTGF mRNA levels demonstrated a bimodal pattern of expression, being high during the peak of the proliferative period, abating as the cells became confluent, and increasing to peak levels and remaining high during mineralization. This pattern suggests that CTGF may play a role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation as previously demonstrated for fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Treatment of primary osteoblast cultures with anti-CTGF neutralizing antibody caused a dose-dependent inhibition of nodule formation and mineralization. Treatment of primary osteoblast cultures with recombinant CTGF (rCTGF) caused an increase in cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition, thereby establishing a functional connection between CTGF and osteoblast differentiation. In vivo delivery of rCTGF into the femoral marrow cavity induced osteogenesis that was associated with increased angiogenesis. This study clearly shows that CTGF is important for osteoblast development and function both in vitro and in vivo.