gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects of Application of Multi-pixel Avalanche Photo Diodes in Cosmic Ray Experiments (2011)

Possibilities of using in cosmic ray/astrophysical experiments the Multi-pixel Avalanche Photo Diodes - MAPDs which were developed by Dubna collaboration (JINR - INR - IP AZ - Zecotek Photonics Singa- pore Company) are discussed. The achieved basic parameters of the novel deep micro-well MAPDs with sensitive areas of 1-9 mm 2 are as following: spectral range of sensitivity 300-800 nm, gain 5 10 4 , operating voltage 65-90 V, threshold of sensitivity - 1 photoelectron, photon detection efficiency (in maximum) ~30%, maximum density of pix- els in a MAPD is 40000 pixels/mm 2 . The MAPDs have the linear response up to 60000 photons in a light pulse, their filling factor - the ratio of sensitive area to all area - is equal to 100%. The designed photo sensors are planned to be used in orbital imaging detectors in particular observing transient luminous events (TLE) in the atmosphere. New TLE detector will have advantage of high temporal resolution and a possibility to observe events in various colors - from UV (300-400 nm) to red (600-800 nm).
Gd-EOB-DTPA-gestützte MRT vs. realtime 13C-Methacetin Atemtest zur Bestimmung der Leberfunktion (2018)

Ziel ist die quantitative Bestimmung der Leberfunktion mithilfe der Gd-EOB-DTPA-gestützten T1-Relaxometrie, wobei als Goldstandard für die Leberfunktion der 13C-Methacetin Atemtest (13C-MAT) verwendet wird.
Activation Energy of Tantalum-Tungsten Oxide Thermite Reaction (2010)

The activation energy of a high melting temperature sol-gel (SG) derived tantalum-tungsten oxide thermite composite was determined using the Kissinger isoconversion method. The SG derived powder was consolidated using the High Pressure Spark Plasma Sintering (HPSPS) technique to 300 and 400 C to produce pellets with dimensions of 5 mm diameter by 1.5 mm height. A custom built ignition setup was developed to measure ignition temperatures at high heating rates (500-2000 C {center_dot} min{sup -1}). Such heating rates were required in order to ignite the thermite composite. Unlike the 400 C samples, results show that the samples consolidated to 300 C undergo an abrupt change in temperature response prior to ignition. This change in temperature response has been attributed to the crystallization of the amorphous WO{sub 3} in the SG derived Ta-WO{sub 3} thermite composite and not to a pre-ignition reaction between the constituents. Ignition temperatures for the Ta-WO{sub 3} thermite ranged from approximately 465-670 C. The activation energy of the SG derived Ta-WO{sup 3} thermite composite consolidated to 300 and 400 C were determined to be 37.787 {+-} 1.58 kJ {center_dot} mol{sup -1} and 57.381 {+-} 2.26 kJ {center_dot} mol{sup -1}, respectively.
PARTIAL PROTECTION OF PHOTODYNAMIC‐INDUCED SKIN REACTIONS IN MICE BY N‐ACETYLCYSTEINE: A PRECLINICAL STUDY (1994)

The major side effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Photofrin is enhanced skin sensitivity for sunlight, which persists for 3-8 weeks after injection. Formation of singlet oxygen and radicals is believed to be involved in the basic mechanism of inducing skin damage. Reducing this side effect would make PDT more widely acceptable, particularly for palliative use. Hairless dorsal skin patches of mice, injected with 10 mg kg-1 photofrin intraperitoneally (i.p.) 24 h before illumination, were used to evaluate the effect of increasing light doses. The light was obtained from a halogen lamp and transmitted via a fiber optic to illuminate a field of 2.5 cm2. After establishing a dose-response relationship for single or fractionated light dose illumination of the skin, drugs known to scavenge radicals, quench singlet oxygen or interfere with histamine release were tested for their protective effect. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a radical scavenger, administered i.p. (1000 and 2000 mg kg-1) 1 h before illumination produced a significant decrease in skin damage at light doses > 50 J cm-2 (protection factor of 1.3-1.8). When NAC was administered in a dose of 500 mg kg-1, no protection was observed. Fractionated illumination experiments in combination with multiple injections of NAC (1000 mg kg-1) also failed to show any protection. The addition of Ranitidine, a histamine blocking agent (25-100 mg kg-1), given prior to illumination, resulted in a limited protection at higher light doses. From this study we conclude that NAC could be of value in amelioration of the photosensitivity in patients treated with PDT.
A capture-based technique for enhancing RNA-Seq analysis of bacterial transcriptomes during in vitro and in vivo infections. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography using an electrostatic MEMS actuator (2003)

Describes the development of a new type of optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe using an electrostatic micromachine (MEMS) actuator. These devices consist of millimeter scale mirrors resting on micron scale polyimide hinges that are tilted using a linear MEMS actuator, the integrated force array (IFA). The IFA is a parallel network of deformable capacitor cells that electrostatically contract with an applied voltage. The support structures, hinges, and actuators are fabricated from polyimide on silicon wafers using photolithography. These scanners were designed, fabricated and tested for optical displacements at different frequencies and drive voltages. They were then used in the scanning arm of an experimental OCT imaging system to make preliminary images.
Developmental Restructuring of the Creatine Kinase System Integrates Mitochondrial Energetics with Stem Cell Cardiogenesis (2008)

Differentiation of pluripotent low-energy requiring stem cells into the high-energy expenditure cardiac lineage requires coordination of genomic programming and energetic system maturation. Here, in a murine embryonic stem cell cardiac differentiation model, emergence of electrical and beating activity in cardiomyocytes developing within embryoid bodies was coupled with the establishment of the mitochondrial network and expansion of the creatine kinase (CK) phosphotransfer system. Stem cell cardiogenesis was characterized by increased total CK activity, an isoform shift manifested by amplified muscle CK-M mRNA levels and protein content, and the appearance of cardiac-specific CK-MB dimers. Treatment of differentiating stem cells with BMP2, a cardiogenic growth factor, promoted CK activity. CK-M clustered around developing myofibrils, sarcolemma, and the perinuclear compartment, whereas CK-B was tightly associated with myofibrillar alpha-actinin, forming wire-like structures extending from the nuclear compartment to the sarcolemma. Developmentally enhanced phosphotransfer enzyme-anchoring protein FHL2 coalesced the myofibrillar CK metabolic signaling circuit, providing an energetic continuum between mitochondria and the nascent contractile machinery. Thus, the evolving CK-catalyzed phosphotransfer network integrates mitochondrial energetics with cardiogenic programming, securing the emergence of energy-consuming cardiac functions in differentiating embryonic stem cells.
The Ecstasy and Agony of Assay Interference Compounds (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTThe Ecstasy and Agony of Assay Interference CompoundsCourtney Aldrich, Carolyn Bertozzi, Gunda I. Georg, Laura Kiessling, Craig Lindsley, Dennis Liotta, Kenneth M. Merz, Jr., Alanna Schepartz, and Shaomeng WangView Author Information ACS Infectious Diseases ACS Central Science Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ACS Chemical Biology ACS Chemical Neuroscience ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling Biochemistry Journal of Medicinal ChemistryCite this: ACS Infect. Dis. 2017, 3, 4, 259–262Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2017Publication History Received10 February 2017Published online28 February 2017Published inissue 14 April 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00023https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00023editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1104Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (382 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Assays,Drug discovery,Inhibition,Molecules,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Pivotal Study of Iodine-131–Labeled Chimeric Tumor Necrosis Treatment Radioimmunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer (2005)

Radioimmunotherapy with (131)I-chTNT was well tolerated and can be used systemically or locally to treat refractory tumors of the lung.
High efficiency and long lifetime orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light emitting diodes by donor and acceptor engineering (2020)

Molecular design approach for the simultaneous achievement of high efficiency and long lifetime in the long wavelength region.
Low Power Capacitive Ultrasonic Transceiver Array for Airborne Object Detection (2020)

This work presents a low power ultrasonic transceiver line array enabling energy efficient airborne object detection. The line array is based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), which utilize a dual-backplate MEMS technology, allowing a low bias and actuation voltage operation below 10V. Therefore, digital output ports of common microcontrollers (0-3.3V) are able to drive these devices sufficiently well and standard hardware of mobile devices can operate the array without the need of further voltage amplification. λ/2-pitch arrays consisting of three, five and seven transceivers are analyzed and compared in terms of ultrasonic frequency response, generated sound pressure levels and directivity both experimentally and theoretically. Finally, 2D object detection based on acoustic beam-steering through a phase delayed actuation is demonstrated with the seven transducers array to underline its practical potential.
Screen-off traffic characterization and optimization in 3G/4G networks (2012)

Today's cellular systems operate under diverse resource constraints: limited frequency spectrum, network processing capability, and handset battery life. We consider a novel and important factor, handset screen status, i.e., whether the screen is on or off, which was ignored by previous approaches for optimizing cellular resource utilization. Based on analyzing real smartphone traffic collected from 20 users over five months, we find that off-screen traffic accounts for 58.5% of the total radio energy consumption although their traffic volume contribution is much smaller. Such unexpected results are attributed to the unique cellular resource management policy that is not well understood by developers, leading to cellular-unfriendly mobile apps. We then make a further step by proposing screen-aware optimization, by leveraging the key observation that screen-off traffic is much more delay-tolerant than its screen-on counterpart due to a lack of user interaction. Our proposal can better balance the key tradeoffs in cellular networks. It saves up to 60.92% of the network energy and reduces signaling and delay overhead by 25.33% and 30.59%, respectively.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) Complex Proteins Promote Transcription Factor-mediated Pluripotency Reprogramming (2011)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and its role in maintenance of pluripotency has been suggested previously. In epithelial cancer cells, activation of the EpCAM surface-to-nucleus signaling transduction pathway involves a number of membrane proteins. However, their role in somatic cell reprogramming is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that EpCAM and its associated protein, Cldn7, play a critical role in reprogramming. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) indicated that EpCAM and Cldn7 were up-regulated during reprogramming. Analysis of numbers of alkaline phosphatase- and Nanog-positive clones, and the expression level of pluripotency-related genes demonstrated that inhibition of either EpCAM or Cldn7 expression resulted in impairment in reprogramming efficiency, whereas overexpression of EpCAM, EpCAM plus Cldn7, or EpCAM intercellular domain (EpICD) significantly enhanced reprogramming efficiency in MEFs. Furthermore, overexpression of EpCAM or EpICD significantly repressed the expression of p53 and p21 in the reprogramming MEFs, and both EpCAM and EpICD activated the promoter activity of Oct4. These observations suggest that EpCAM signaling may enhance reprogramming through up-regulation of Oct4 and possible suppression of the p53-p21 pathway. In vitro and in vivo characterization indicated that the EpCAM-reprogrammed iPSCs exhibited similar molecular and functional features to the mouse ESCs. In summary, our studies provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming and suggest a more effective means of induced pluripotent stem cell generation.
New Approaches to Boar Semen Evaluation, Processing and Improvement (2015)

The improvement of boar reproductive performance may be the next frontier in reproductive management of swine herd in Unites States, facilitated by better understanding of boar sperm function and by the introduction of new advanced instrumentation in the andrology field. Objective single ejaculate evaluation and individual boar fertility prediction may be possible by introducing automated flow cytometric semen analysis with vital stains (e.g. acrosomal integrity and mito-potential), DNA fragmentation analysis and biomarkers (ubiquitin, PAWP, ALOX15, aggresome) associated with normal or defective sperm phenotypes. Measurement of sperm-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a helpful indicator of normal semen sample. Semen ROS levels could be managed by the addition of ROS-scavenging antioxidants. Alternative energy regeneration substrates and sperm stimulants such as inorganic pyrophosphate and caffeine could increase sperm lifespan in extended semen and within the female reproductive system. Such technology could be combined with timed sperm release in the female reproductive system after artificial insemination. Sperm phenotype analysis by the image-based flow cytometry will go hand in hand with the advancement of swine genomics, linking aberrant sperm phenotype to the fertility influencing gene polymorphisms. Finally, poor-quality ejaculates could be rescued and acceptable ejaculates improved by semen purification methods such as the nanoparticle-based semen purification and magnetic-activated sperm sorting. Altogether, these scientific and technological advances could benefit swine industry, provided that the challenges of new technology adoption, dissemination and cost reduction are met.
Semiautomated four-dimensional computed tomography segmentation using deformable models (2005)

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate a proof of feasibility of the application of a commercial prototype deformable model algorithm to the problem of delineation of anatomic structures on four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) image data sets. We acquired a 4D CT image data set of a patient's thorax that consisted of three-dimensional (3D) image data sets from eight phases in the respiratory cycle. The contours of the right and left lungs, cord, heart, and esophagus were manually delineated on the end inspiration data set. An interactive deformable model algorithm, originally intended for deforming an atlas-based model surface to a 3D CT image data set, was applied in an automated fashion. Triangulations based on the contours generated on each phase were deformed to the CT data set on the succeeding phase to generate the contours on that phase. Deformation was propagated through the eight phases, and the contours obtained on the end inspiration data set were compared with the original manually delineated contours. Structures defined by high-density gradients, such as lungs, cord, and heart, were accurately reproduced, except in regions where other gradient boundaries may have confused the algorithm, such as near bronchi. The algorithm failed to accurately contour the esophagus, a soft-tissue structure completely surrounded by tissue of similar density, without manual interaction. This technique has the potential to facilitate contour delineation in 4D CT image data sets; and future evolution of the software is expected to improve the process.
Comparative analysis of targeted long read sequencing approaches for characterization of a plant’s immune receptor repertoire (2017)

The described library preparation and bioinformatics methods should be applicable to other gene families or any targeted long DNA fragment nanopore sequencing project.
The Genetics ofFANCCandFANCGin Familial Pancreatic Cancer (2004)

Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) display a wide variety of defects including bone marrow failure and a high risk of developing cancer. Multiple Fanconi genes exist whose proteins form a complex that along with BRCA1 is important for the translocalization of FANCD2 to nuclear foci. With BRCA2 and RAD51, this complex is thought to have a role in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. The genetic basis of another form of Fanconi anemia--FANCD1, was recently identified as the result of biallelic inactivating mutations of the BRCA2 gene. Since carriers of germline BRCA2 gene mutations have an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, the FA pathway has been investigated as a tumor suppressor pathway in pancreatic cancer. Recently van der Heijden et al. identified FANCC and FANCG gene mutations in patients with young-onset pancreatic cancer. Here, we determined the role of germline FA gene mutations in kindred in which several family members had pancreatic cancer. Sequence analysis of 38 individuals with familial pancreatic cancer enrolled in the National Familial Pancreatic Tumor Registry (NFPTR) revealed previously identified polymorphisms within two exons and one intron of FANCC, and in three introns of FANCG. In addition, an unaffected relative from one family contained an exonic polymorphism within the FANCC gene. These and published data suggest the possibility that although germline and somatic mutations in FANCC and FANCG may contribute to the occurrence of pancreatic cancers, the pancreatic cancers that arise do so in an apparent sporadic fashion rather than with a phenotype of familial pancreatic cancer. FANCC and FANCG mutations may have low penetrance for the pancreatic cancer phenotype.
Medium Modulated Oxygen Reduction Activity of Fe/Co Active Centre‐engrafted Electrocatalysts (2019)

Abstract Iron and cobalt metal atoms are effective active centers for the synthesis of carbon‐based noble‐metal‐free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) owing to their cost‐effective intrinsic activity and tunable properties. Annealing of the active center with the conducting carbon enhances the ORR activity significantly. Herein, we have engrafted Fe and Co active centers in the homemade conducting carbon and the ORR performance has been closely observed under acidic and basic pH conditions to understand the influence of the medium and participating moieties towards the performance. In the half‐cell reaction, the onset potential and half‐wave potential for ORR are governed by the surface intermediates and concomitantly driven by the adsorption energies of the intermediates over the active centers. The iron and cobalt active center‐engrafted carbon catalyst behaves differently in acidic and basic electrolytes owing to the dissociation of the surface intermediates. The iron‐based catalyst shows improved onset potential against the cobalt‐based one. Similarly, the cobalt‐based catalyst shows improved half‐wave potential against the iron active‐center‐grafted catalyst. The combined synergistic effect of the two catalysts is realized in the composition represented as Fe/2Co−N‐GVC, where improved onset and half‐wave potentials are noted in basic medium. A significant variation in the activity of the catalyst is observed as the medium changes from acidic to basic and the effect is directly associated with the surface adsorption of the intermediates.
Mouse orthologue of ARX, a gene mutated in several X‐linked forms of mental retardation and epilepsy, is a marker of adult neural stem cells and forebrain GABAergic neurons (2004)

Mutations in the human ARX gene show unusually heterogeneous clinical presentations, including syndromic and nonsyndromic mental retardation, myoclonic epilepsy with spasticity, and lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia, that are believed to arise from an impairment of the embryonic mechanisms building the anterior central nervous system structures. Here, we show that the murine ortholog Arx has a highly dynamic expression pattern during both early shaping of the forebrain vesicle and later major events of neural migrations and cell-type specification. Early on, the Arx gene is specifically activated in anterior forebrain anlage. Afterward, Arx expression is confined to the telencephalic vesicles and is enhanced during differentiation of the subpallial structures of the ganglionic eminences, overlapping with Dlx2, Dlx5, and Gad1 transcriptional domains. Tangentially migrating neurons reaching the cortical plate are also Arx-positive at all embryonic stages analyzed. RNA-protein colabeling staining shows that Arx expression is maintained in the mature cortical interneurons, suggesting its involvement in the different functions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons settled into the adult cerebral cortex. Finally, Arx expression is detected in the anterior subventricular layer of the adult brain, where neural stem cells have been shown to be located. Of interest, Arx expression is highly up-regulated during in vitro differentiation of pure neural stem cell cultures retrieved from adult brain. All together, these findings suggest Arx as a gene involved in the commitment of proliferating neuroblasts into a GABAergic neuronal fate. In conclusion, our mouse Arx expression data provide important further insights into the puzzling complexity of the human ARX mutation pleiotropy.
Ultra wide-band amplifiers for transoceanic length transmission (2003)

Ultra wide-band amplifiers for long-haul systems are discussed. Broadband transmission experiments utilizing hybrid Raman-EDFAs are presented together with a cost-effective experimental technique for high capacity transmissions.
OVERVIEW OF THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: RECEIVER, INSTRUMENTATION, AND TELESCOPE SYSTEMS (2011)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.