gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medium-Voltage Circuit Breakers and Contactors Are Not the Same: Neither are Their Protection Methods (2023)

Many standards and specifications related to medium-voltage (MV) motor and feeder circuits continue to center around the improper generic use of IEEE Device 52 as a circuit identifier for the switching device used within various points of power systems. IEEE Device 52 is defined as a device that is used to close and interrupt an ac power circuit under normal conditions or to interrupt this circuit under fault or emergency conditions. While many of the present standards include detailed protection and coordination recommendations that are centered only on the protective and control settings for circuit breakers (CBs), the protection schemes for CBs and fused contactor-controlled motors are documented in IEEE Standard 3004.8. This article clarifies some key differences between MV contactors and MV CB ratings. It also compares the appropriate protection variations and requirements between the two devices, highlighting the dangers to personnel and equipment if misapplied. Recommended protective device functions for motor protection for fused contactor-controlled or breaker-controlled motors are presented with companion drawings.
High-volume manufacturing of 8XXnm-10XXnm single emitter pumps by MBE growth technique (2014)

We report on GaAlInAs/GaAs lasers manufactured by the industry’s biggest production MBE tool. This MBE reactor allows for growth on 23 three-inch diameter wafers at a time, at a cost that compares favorably with the MOCVD method. Data on chip-on-submount performance and uniformity across the entire MBE-growth area are presented and compared to the quality of material produced by smaller size production MBE tools. We also present data on performance characteristics of spatially combined fiber coupled passively cooled single emitter-based pumps. The data include performance characteristics of devices operating at ~805nm and ~975nm wavelengths when driven in CW, QCW and pulsed modes; both pumps use ~105μm core diameter fiber to launch power confined within NA&lt;0.15.
Tissue engineering, stem cells and cloning: current concepts and changing trends (2005)

Organ damage or loss can occur from congenital disorders, cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, iatrogenic injuries or other conditions and often necessitates reconstruction or replacement. Replacement may take the form of organ transplant. At present, there is a severe shortage of donor organs that is worsening with the aging of the population. Tissue engineering follows the principles of cell transplantation, materials science and engineering towards the development of biological substitutes that can restore and maintain normal tissue function. Therapeutic cloning involves the introduction of a nucleus from a donor cell into an enucleated oocyte to generate embryonic stem cell lines whose genetic material is identical to that of its source. These autologous stem cells have the potential to become almost any type of cell in the adult body, and thus would be useful in tissue and organ replacement applications. This paper reviews recent advances in stem cell research and regenerative medicine, and describes the clinical applications of these technologies as novel therapies for tissue or organ loss.
Supplementary Table 2 from A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies EGFR Inhibitors as Potent Enhancers of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Tumor Cell Killing (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table 2 sgRNA genes and sequences&lt;/p&gt;
Reconfigurable Model Predictive Control for Multievaporator Vapor Compression Systems (2017)

This paper considers the control of a multievaporator vapor compression system (ME-VCS) where individual evaporators are permitted to turn ON or OFF. We present a model predictive controller (MPC) that can be easily reconfigured for different ON/OFF configurations of the system. In this approach, only the cost function of the constrained finite-time optimal control problem is updated depending on the system configuration. Exploiting the structure of the system dynamics, the cost function is modified by zeroing elements of the state, input, and terminal cost matrices. The advantage of this approach is that cost matrices for each configuration of the ME-VCS do not need to be stored or computed online. This reduces the effort required to tune and calibrate the controller and the amount of memory required to store the controller parameters in a microprocessor. The reconfigurable MPC is compared with a conventional approach in which individual model predictive controllers are independently designed for each ON/OFF configuration. The simulations show that the reconfigurable MPC method provides a similar closed-loop performance in terms of reference tracking and constraint satisfaction to the set of individual model predictive controllers. Further, we show that our controller requires substantially less memory than the alternative approaches. Experiments on a residential two-zone vapor compression system further validate the reconfigurable MPC method.
Low-loss high-strength microstructured fiber fusion splices using GRIN fiber lenses (2004)

Gradient-index fiber lenses are used to fabricate high-strength (> 100 kpsi) fusion splices between microstructured optical fibers. High coupling efficiencies are attainable (< 0.6 dB loss), providing the mode field diameter is at least about 3.5 /spl mu/m.
Variation in the Weight-to-Length Relationship among Florida and Northern Largemouth Bass and Their Intraspecific F1Hybrid (1988)

Weight–length regression equations and relative weights (Wr, the ratio of measured weights to standard weights at length) were compared among 1,401 electrophoretically assayed Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus, northern largemouth bass M. s. salmoides, and their first-generation (F1) intraspecific hybrid in Aquilla Lake, Texas. Small Florida largemouth bass (101–300 mm total length, TL) displayed lower Wr values than small northern largemouth bass. Differences in Wr were not apparent between 301 and 500 mm TL. Significant subspecific differences in the weight–length slope and intercept coefficients were consonant with observed variation in Wr values. Among four year classes, seasonal differences in subspecific Wr consistently varied five to nine units for fish of age 1 and younger. Relative weight values for small F1 hybrids (101–200 mm TL) were intermediate between those of the two subspecies; they were similar to those of northern largemouth bass but higher than values for the Florida subspecies at 201–300 mm TL. There was no evidence that lower winter temperatures in Aquilla Lake compared to those measured in Florida caused a decline in Florida largemouth bass condition. At smaller sizes, subspecific discrepancies in the weight–length relationship appeared to be genetically inherent. If condition indices are used to evaluate phenotypic performance in largemouth bass populations stocked with the alternative subspecies, these differences should be considered.
An Assessment of the BER Performance of the COMS Ka-Band Satellite Communications System (2007)

[Abstract] The Ka -band communication payload in the COMS satellite communication sy stem(SATCOM) will provide high -speed multimedia services in the public communications network and communication services for disaster relief in the government communications network. For the evaluation of the design results for the COMS Ka -band payload in end -to -end communication system point of view, it is necessary to access the effect of the RF performances degradation of the overall system BER performance . In this paper, the designed critical major parameters ( spurious outputs, phase noise and TWTA indu ced AM/PM and AM/PM ) are evaluated how to affect QPSK system BER performance. I. Introduction HE Ka -band on -board switching communication payload is a part of the Communication, Oceanographic, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) to be located in geostationa ry orbit in 2009. It will provide high -speed multimedia services such as Internet via satellite, remote -medicine, and distance learning in the public communications network and communication services for disaster relief such as prediction, prevention, and recovery services in the government communications network. It has three(3) channels and each channel has 100MHz bandwidth. Also it covers the Korean Peninsula with the three(3) separated spot beams. For the successful service launch, the quality of servi ce (QoS) of the designed system must be evaluated. One way to measure the QoS in a broadband data communication using satellite is the achievable average bit error rate (BER). Considering the relatively high data rates ranging from 56 Kbps 155 Mbps using t he coherent M -PSK modulations, the required BER should be lower than 10
Deletion of 7q31.1 supports involvement of FOXP2 in language impairment: Clinical report and review (2007)

We report on a young male with moderate mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and language delay who is deleted for 7q31.1-7q31.31. His full karyotype is 46,XY,der(7)del(7)(q31.1q31.31)ins(10;7)(q24.3;q31.1q31.31)mat. This child had language impairment, including developmental verbal dyspraxia, but did not meet criteria for autism according to standardized ADOS testing. Our patient's deletion, which is the smallest reported deletion including FOXP2, adds to the body of evidence that supports the role of FOXP2 in speech and language impairment, but not in autism. A reported association between autism and deletions of WNT2, a gene also deleted in our patient, is likewise not supported by our case. Previously, fine mapping with microsatellites markers within in a large three-generation family, in which half the members had severe specific language impairment, aided the localization of the SPCH1 locus to 7q31 within markers D7S2459 (107.1 Mb) and D7S643 (120.5 Mb). Additionally, chromosome rearrangement of 7q31 and mutational analyses have supported the growing evidence that FOXP2, a gene within the SPCH1 region, is involved with speech and language development. It is unclear however whether the AUTS1 (autistic spectrum 1) locus, highly linked to 7q31, overlaps with the SPCH1 and FOXP2.
A Low NO(x) Lean-Direct Injection, Multipoint Integrated Module Combuster Concept for Advanced Aircraft Gas Turbines (2002)

A low NO(x) emissions combustor has been demonstrated in flame-tube tests. A multipoint, lean-direct injection concept was used. Configurations were tested that had 25- and 36- fuel injectors in the size of a conventional single fuel injector. An integrated-module approach was used for the construction where chemically etched laminates, diffusion bonded together, combine the fuel injectors, air swirlers and fuel manifold into a single element. Test conditions were inlet temperatures up to 810 K, inlet pressures up to 2760 kPa, and flame temperatures up to 2100 K. A correlation was developed relating the NO(x) emissions with the inlet temperature, inlet pressure, fuel-air ratio and pressure drop. Assuming that 10 percent of the combustion air would be used for liner cooling and using a hypothetical engine cycle, the NO(x) emissions using the correlation from flame-tube tests were estimated to be less than 20 percent of the 1996 ICAO standard.
Novel Oxindole Sulfonamides and Sulfamides: EPZ031686, the First Orally Bioavailable Small Molecule SMYD3 Inhibitor (2015)

SMYD3 has been implicated in a range of cancers; however, until now no potent selective small molecule inhibitors have been available for target validation studies. A novel oxindole series of SMYD3 inhibitors was identified through screening of the Epizyme proprietary histone methyltransferase-biased library. Potency optimization afforded two tool compounds, sulfonamide EPZ031686 and sulfamide EPZ030456, with cellular potency at a level sufficient to probe the in vitro biology of SMYD3 inhibition. EPZ031686 shows good bioavailability following oral dosing in mice making it a suitable tool for potential in vivo target validation studies.
The effect of temperature and relative humidity during drying on the covering power of processed x-ray films (1981)

With the constantly decreasing silver reserves and correspondingly higher costs, film manufacturers are continually searching for methods to reduce the amount of silver that is used. By using closely controlled conditions of temperature and saturated salt solutions to provide control of relative humidity during drying of processed x-ray film, it was found that the covering power may be as low as 70$ of its maximum value depending on the conditions used for drying the film. The highest values for covering power existed when the film was dried at low temperatures and high relative humidities or high temperatures and low relative humidities. The lowest values existed when both the temperature and relative humidity conditions together were either high or low. These results are promising in that high temperatures and low relative humidities can yield maximum covering power values while also providing the fastest possible rate of drying.
Surgical Approaches for Prevention of Neuroma at Time of Peripheral Nerve Injury (2022)

Painful neuroma is a frequent sequela of peripheral nerve injury which can result in pain and decreased quality of life for the patient, often necessitating surgical intervention. End neuromas are benign neural tumors that commonly form after nerve transection, when axons from the proximal nerve stump regenerate in a disorganized manner in an attempt to recreate nerve continuity. Inflammation and collagen remodeling leads to a bulbous end neuroma which can become symptomatic and result in decreased quality of life. This review covers surgical prophylaxis of end neuroma formation at time of injury, rather than treatment of existing neuroma and prevention of recurrence. The current accepted methods to prevent end neuroma formation at time of injury include different mechanisms to inhibit the regenerative response or provide a conduit for organized regrowth, with mixed results. Approaches include proximal nerve stump capping, nerve implantation into bone, muscle and vein, various pharmacologic methods to inhibit axonal growth, and mechanisms to guide axonal growth after injury. This article reviews historical treatments that aimed to prevent end neuroma formation as well as current and experimental treatments, and seeks to provide a concise, comprehensive resource for current and future therapies aimed at preventing neuroma formation.
Nano-Scale View of Catalyst Layers for PEM Fuel Cells: Insights from Modeling and Computer Simulation (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Sensing Properties and Interfacial Structure of Solid Electrolyte CO<sub>2</sub> Sensor Attached with Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-based Auxiliary Phase (1999)

Potentiometric devices for which a disc of NASICON (Na+ conductor, Na3Zr2Si2PO12) was attached with an auxiliary phase of Na2CO3 (I) or Na2CO3-BaCO3 (2 : 3 in molar ratio) (II) were investigated for CO2 sensing properties and the structure of hetero-junctions involved. SEM observation combined with EPMA analysis indicated that, for device (I), a corrosion layer (20-30 µm) rich in Na content was formed inside NASICON. The corrosion layer was estimated to consist mainly of Na2ZrSiO5 and Na2ZrO3 from separate experiments using powder samples. For device (II), in contrast, such a corrosion layer was hardly formed between the carbonate and NASICON. This difference in junction structure could account well for the difference in CO2 sensing capability at lower temperature between the devices.
Substituted 4-aminobutanoic acids. Substrates for gamma-aminobutyric acid alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase. (1981)

Substituted 4-aminobutanoic acids were studied as potential irreversible inactivators of purified pig brain gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid. It was found that unlike the related 4-amino-5-halopentanoic acids (Silverman, R. B., and Levy, M. A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 1197), the 4-amino-3-halobutanoic acids were substrates for this enzyme, undergoing exclusive elimination to succinic semialdehyde and producing no inactivation. The hydroxy analogue, however, underwent exclusive transamination and no succinic semialdehyde was detected. These results are discussed in terms of the nature of the substituents, the structure of the active site of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, and the design of mechanism-based inactivators.
Accounting for receiver perturbations in seismic wavefield gradiometry (2019)

Spatial wavefield gradient data can be estimated from dense receiver arrays using a finite-difference approximation. Array-derived spatial wavefield gradient data to estimate, for example, strain and rotation components of the wavefield usually suffer from receiver perturbations, such as varying sensor coupling and/or differences in the instrument channel responses. We present a novel methodology to compute spatial seismic wavefield gradient data in the presence of receiver specific perturbation effects. We simultaneously invert the seismic wavefield recorded with an array consisting of closely spaced sensors for the spatial wavefield derivatives and station specific frequency-dependent calibration filters that remove the local receiver perturbations. Using synthetic and field data, we demonstrate that our scheme has the potential to significantly improve gradient estimation results for arrays with a low number of stations suitable, for instance, for land seismic exploration. The extracted calibration filters do not only correct for receiver perturbations but also partly compensate for the truncation error of the Taylor series expansion about the central (master) station of the array. The application of the calibration filters results in gradient estimates that are more accurate compared to conventional approaches. Multiple source recordings are used for reducing the trade-off between the extracted receiver perturbation filters and the spatial wavefield derivatives in the proposed inversion scheme.
Initial resolution of head position and skew uncertainty in control systems for flangeless tape drives (2012)

Tape drive operation with flangeless rollers in the tape path has been introduced in tape drives to extend the lifetime of drive and medium and to achieve nanometer positioning accuracy in track following by mitigating high-frequency lateral tape motion. However, the use of flangeless rollers requires dynamic-skew compensation to keep the head perpendicular to the direction of tape motion in the presence of large lateral tape excursions. Furthermore, a large uncertainty on the initial values of the tape-to-head skew and of the head lateral position must be resolved prior to track following for write/read operation. In this paper, we consider a control system for a two-degree-of-freedom head actuator using a dual synchronous servo channel to provide lateral position and tape-to-head skew feedback. The initial uncertainty on the tape-to-head skew and on the data band being spanned by the head at the beginning of drive operation is resolved by testing hypotheses related to different tape-to-head skew angles with an ad hoc metric obtained by the dual servo channel. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Gas Diffusion in a Porous Organic Cage: Analysis of Dynamic Pore Connectivity Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2014)

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the diffusion of six small gas molecules in a crystalline porous organic cage, CC3. A flexible host model was used to simulate transient channel formation, the effects of which are reflected in the calculated diffusion coefficients for the six gases of 5.64 × 10–8, 5.94 × 10–9, 2.60 × 10–9, 9.60 × 10–9, 2.40 × 10–9, and 1.83 × 10–10 m2 s–1, respectively, for H2, N2, CO2, CH4, Kr, and Xe. By contrast, a larger gas molecule, SF6, was predicted to be unable to diffuse in the pores of this material. We introduce a new method—a void space histogram—to analyze dynamic pore topologies and to graphically illustrate the structural factors determining guest diffusion.
Preparation of Peptide–MHC and T-cell Receptor Dextramers by Biotinylated Dextran Doping (2017)

Peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimers enable the detection, characterization, and isolation of antigen-specific T-cell subsets at the single-cell level via flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. These labeling reagents exploit a multivalent scaffold to increase the avidity of individually weak T-cell receptor (TCR)-pMHC interactions. Dextramers are an improvement over the original streptavidin-based tetramer technology because they are more multivalent, improving sensitivity for rare, low-avidity T cells, including self/tumor-reactive clones. However, commercial pMHC dextramers are expensive, and in-house production is very involved for a typical biology research laboratory. Here, we present a simple, inexpensive protocol for preparing pMHC dextramers by doping in biotinylated dextran during conventional tetramer preparation. We use these pMHC dextramers to identify patient-derived, tumor-reactive T cells. We apply the same dextran doping technique to prepare TCR dextramers and use these novel reagents to yield new insight into MHC I-mediated antigen presentation.
Social determinants of health affect unplanned readmissions following acute myocardial infarction (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Low socioeconomic status predicts inferior clinical outcomes in many patient populations. The effects of patient insurance status and hospital safety-net status on readmission rates following acute myocardial infarction are unclear. <b>Materials & methods:</b> A retrospective review of State Inpatient Databases for New York, California, Florida and Maryland, 2007-2014. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1,055,162 patients were included. Medicaid status was associated with 37.7 and 44.0% increases in risk-adjusted readmission odds at 30 and 90 days (p < 0.0001). Uninsured status was associated with reduced odds of readmission at both time points. High-burden safety-net status was associated with 9.6 and 9.5% increased odds of readmission at 30 and 90 days (p < 0.0003). <b>Conclusion:</b> Insurance status and hospital safety-net burden affect readmission odds following acute myocardial infarction.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolites H‐(Ga)ZSM‐5 and H‐ZSM‐5. A Comparative Study of the Introduction of Transition‐Metal Cations by a Solid‐State Reaction. (1989)

Abstract The results of an ESR investigation of the solid‐state interaction at 300‐800 °C between H‐(Ga)ZSM‐5 and compounds of Cu, Fe, Cr, or V (CuO, FeCl 3 , CrO 3 , V 2 O 5 , and VO(NO 3 ) 2 ) are compared with data previously obtained for H‐ZSM‐5. It is shown that replacement of Al by Ga in the ZMS‐5 framework reduces the strength of the protonic (acid) sites resulting in less powerful and less thermostable "traps" for migrating cationic species.