gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AVL Approach for 100km/ltr Fuel Economy in a 2-Wheeler Production Vehicle (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The aim of the paper is to define a concept which has the potential to achieve and exceed the fuel economy target of 100 km/litre. Several existing vehicles based on different engine and vehicle concepts have been analysed for a benchmark study of the present best vehicles on the Indian 2-wheeler market. Additional to this study, more detailed investigations have been made to evaluate the potential of each individual loss in the drive train from the combustion over friction to the drive train, chassis and tyre specification. Out of these results four different engine and vehicle concepts have been synthesised and indicate how a 100 km/ltr in steady state driving could be achieved.&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5 from Metformin Decreases Glucose Oxidation and Increases the Dependency of Prostate Cancer Cells on Reductive Glutamine Metabolism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure 1: Oxygen consumption rate of prostate cancer cell lines with different concentrations of metformin. Error bars depict the standard deviation. Standard deviation and p-values are calculated from three biological replicates. Figure 2: Glucose (upper panel) and reductive glutamine (lower panel) contribution to fatty acids in prostate cancer cell lines treated with metformin fitted from the measured incorporation of U-13C labeled glucose or 5-13C labeled glutamine (reductive glutamine contribution (red)) into palmitate. Error bars depict the 95 % confidence interval. Confidence intervals and p-values are calculated from two biological replicates. Figure 3: Comparison of glutamine contribution to tricarboxylic acid cycle in prostate cancer cell lines treated with metformin or rotenone measured by the incorporation of U-13C labeled glutamine into alpha-ketoglutarate (upper panel) and reductive glutamine contribution to palmitate using 5-13C labeled glutamine (lower panel). Confidence intervals and p-values are calculated from two biological replicates. Figure 4: (A) Relative cell count of prostate cancer cell lines treated with a combination of metformin and the glutaminase inhibitor BPTES. Cell counts were normalized to the condition with no metformin and no BPTES added. (B) Relative cell count of Huh7 liver cancer cells, which can grow without glutamine in the presence or absence of metformin. Cell counts were normalized to the corresponding condition with no metformin added. Error bars depict the standard deviation. Standard deviation and p-values are calculated from three biological replicates. Figure 5: (A) TSC2 expression in TSC2 knockdown cells and control. Standard diviation is calculated from three technical replicates. p-values are &lt; 0.005.(B) Metformin sensitivity (2.5mM) in LNCaP cells with and without dimethyl alpha-ketoglutarate given by cell counts normalized to the corresponding condition with no metformin. Standard deviation and p-values are calculated from at least three biological replicates. p-value is &lt; 0.05. All error bars depict the standard deviation.&lt;/p&gt;
Flexible sensor for measurement of skin pressure and temperature in a clinical setting (2016)

A flexible, wearable sensor patch for simultaneous monitoring of local skin pressure and temperature is described. Measurement can be collected for a period of time extending over several hours, suitable for monitoring in a clinical setting, for example during surgery, in the home, or in a long-term care facility. Experimental results are presented demonstrating pressure and temperature measurement at multiple locations on an anesthetized animal during a seven hour surgical procedure.
Spectral data self-organization based on bootstrapping and clustering approaches (2015)

This study introduces a novel technique for self-organizing data, without any prior knowledge on their statistical distribution, fusing efficient strategies from clustering and resampling. The proposed methodology aims at searching for hidden characteristics within the processed dataset and revealing additional data structures or subclasses that can be utilized for identifying irregular groups that are of particular importance in disease modeling. The performance evaluation of the presented algorithm to biomedical data from cervical cancer is tested and analyzed on sample vectors representing the temporal response of tissue areas obtained through multispectral imaging. The results of this study show that stratified, repeated applications of simple clustering schemes can effectively organize big data, giving rise to the application of the proposed method for tissue classification for enabling accurate and early disease diagnosis.
Measurement of the tt¯ production cross section in the τ+jets final state in pp collisions at s=8  TeV using the ATLAS detector (2017)

A measurement of the inclusive pp t t X production cross section in the jets final state using only the hadronic decays of the lepton is presented. The measurement is performed using 20.2 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of ffiffi ffi s p 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The cross section is measured via a counting experiment by imposing a set of selection criteria on the identification and kinematic variables of the reconstructed particles and jets, and on event kinematic variables and characteristics. The production cross section is measured to be tt 239 AE 29 pb, which is in agreement with the measurements in other final states and the theoretical predictions at this center-of-mass energy.
Management of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (2016)

Isolated injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament are uncommon, are often caused by a posteriorly directed force to the proximal tibia, and result in abnormal knee kinematics and function. A thorough clinical evaluation, including history, physical examination, and imaging, is required to rule out a concomitant structural knee injury. No clear prognostic factors predict outcomes, and ideal management remains uncertain. Nonsurgical management is advocated for isolated grade I or II posterior cruciate ligament injuries or for grade III injuries in patients with mild symptoms or low activity demands. Surgical management is reserved for high-demand athletes or patients in whom nonsurgical management has been unsuccessful. Although biomechanical studies have identified differences between single-bundle, double-bundle, transtibial, and tibial inlay reconstruction techniques, the optimal surgical technique has not been established. No high-quality evidence is available regarding immobilization, weight-bearing, bracing, or rehabilitation protocols for patients treated either nonsurgically or surgically. Additional long-term clinical studies with homogeneous patient populations are needed to identify the ideal management of these injuries.
Transposable elements as new players in neurodegenerative diseases (2021)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including the most prevalent Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson disease, share common pathological features. Despite decades of gene-centric approaches, the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases remain widely elusive. In recent years, transposable elements (TEs), long considered 'junk' DNA, have gained growing interest as pathogenic players in NDs. Age is the major risk factor for most NDs, and several repressive mechanisms of TEs, such as heterochromatinization, fail with age. Indeed, heterochromatin relaxation leading to TE derepression has been reported in various models of neurodegeneration and NDs. There is also evidence that certain pathogenic proteins involved in NDs (e.g., tau, TDP-43) may control the expression of TEs. The deleterious consequences of TE activation are not well known but they could include DNA damage and genomic instability, altered host gene expression, and/or neuroinflammation, which are common hallmarks of neurodegeneration and aging. TEs might thus represent an overlooked pathogenic culprit for both brain aging and neurodegeneration. Certain pathological effects of TEs might be prevented by inhibiting their activity, pointing to TEs as novel targets for neuroprotection.
Lower Transient Stresses in an Aortic Valve Leaflet With Oblique Reinforcement Fibers: A Finite Element Study (2012)

Native aortic valve leaflets contain a network of strong collagen fibers within a matrix of relatively distensible tissue. This composite structure leads to anisotropic mechanical properties and is believed to play an important role in the ability of the structure to withstand the stresses of cyclic loading over billions of heart beats. Replacement valves that consist of animal tissues also contain such fibers, but all designs in clinical use are chemically cross-linked, which increases the in-plane stiffness of the tissue and decreases anisotropy. Tissue replacement valves suffer from poor durability due to calcification and tissue degeneration in regions of high stress, including at the base of the coaptation region and at the leaflet commissures [1]. A better understanding of leaflet stresses in these regions and how to mitigate them is important in order to improve the design of replacement heart valves to improve durability.
Towards Electromagnetic Simulations to Translate an Exterior Environment to Assess Effects on Electronic System Performance (2018)

This report explores the coupling between EIGER simulations and a transmission line analytical model to enable end-to-end simulations to translate an exterior electromagnetic environment to assess effects on electronic system performance.
Sensitivity Enhancement via Detection of Interference With All Orders in a Collective State Atom Interferometer (2013)

We show how in an N-atom collective state atomic interferometer, it is possible to detect the interference between the ground state and all orders of collective states, producing an enhancement of sensitivity scaling as root(N).
A common X-linked inborn error of carnitine biosynthesis may be a risk factor for nondysmorphic autism (2012)

We recently reported a deletion of exon 2 of the trimethyllysine hydroxylase epsilon (TMLHE) gene in a proband with autism. TMLHE maps to the X chromosome and encodes the first enzyme in carnitine biosynthesis, 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase. Deletion of exon 2 of TMLHE causes enzyme deficiency, resulting in increased substrate concentration (6-N-trimethyllysine) and decreased product levels (3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine) in plasma and urine. TMLHE deficiency is common in control males (24 in 8,787 or 1 in 366) and was not significantly increased in frequency in probands from simplex autism families (9 in 2,904 or 1 in 323). However, it was 2.82-fold more frequent in probands from male-male multiplex autism families compared with controls (7 in 909 or 1 in 130; P = 0.023). Additionally, six of seven autistic male siblings of probands in male-male multiplex families had the deletion, suggesting that TMLHE deficiency is a risk factor for autism (metaanalysis Z-score = 2.90 and P = 0.0037), although with low penetrance (2-4%). These data suggest that dysregulation of carnitine metabolism may be important in nondysmorphic autism; that abnormalities of carnitine intake, loss, transport, or synthesis may be important in a larger fraction of nondysmorphic autism cases; and that the carnitine pathway may provide a novel target for therapy or prevention of autism.
Molecular Dynamics Applications to GPCR Ligand Design (2018)

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a superfamily of receptors linked to a wide range of human diseases. The increasing number of X-ray diffraction crystal structures now available provides a solid foundation to understand the nature of key protein–ligand interactions at the final stage of the mutual recognition process. They enable structure-based drug design (SBDD), and are an important starting point for computer-aided biophysical investigations, including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Recently, MD-based approaches have been successfully applied to understand ligand–GPCR binding at a molecular level. Promising approaches and case studies of MD methods applied to SBDD include (i) analysis of locations and thermodynamic properties of water molecules; (ii) ligand-binding free energy predictions; (iii) ligand-binding event and kinetics evaluations.
Interstitial and vascular pancreas rejection in relation to graft survival (1997)

Abstract. To examine the incidence of interstitial and vascular rejection in pancreas allografts and its impact on graft survival, we studied 36 percutaneous pancreas biopsies and 10 pancreas transplantectomy specimens from 32 patients who had undergone simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Interstitial rejection (IR) was predominantly found in the biopsies, while vascular rejection (VR) was most prominent in the transplantectomies. Pancreas graft survival was significantly decreased for pancreas grafts that had suffered from vascular rejection when compared to those with only interstitial rejection. Potential rejection markers, i. e., serum amylase, glucose, creatinine, and urinary amylase, did not correlate with histological signs of rejection, although increased levels of serum amylase were, in all but one case, associated with rejection. We conclude that a percutaneous pancreas biopsy remains the most reliable method to determine pancreas rejection, and that by distinguishing between IR and VR, a pancreas biopsy may provide important diagnostic as well as prognostic information.
Serum chemokine CXC ligand 10 (CXCL10) predicts fibrosis progression after liver transplantation for hepatitis C infection (2010)

CXCL10 is an independent biomarker of the recurrence of significant fibrosis after LT for HCV infection. These results might guide patients' care after transplantation and help us to select optimal candidates for antiviral therapy post-LT.
Bilayer metal gate electrodes with tunable work function: Adhesion and interface characterization (2010)

The dependence of Pt film thickness and forming gas annealing on the interface fracture properties and interface composition of Ti/Pt bilayer gate electrode films on a HfO2 gate dielectric are reported. These fracture properties and composition results are directly compared to work function tuning behavior witnessed in metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated from the same films. The interface fracture energy of the metal bilayer/gate dielectric interface is strongly dependent on thickness after a forming gas anneal but shows no thickness dependence in the as-deposited case. The flat-band voltage increases abruptly and then remains constant as the thickness of the Pt film is increased in the as-deposited case but varies gradually with increasing Pt thickness after a forming gas anneal. Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of the resulting fracture surfaces confirms that Ti diffusion to the metal bilayer/gate dielectric interface is responsible for these effects.
Beyond proofs of data possession: Finding defective blocks in outsourced storage (2014)

Proofs of Data Possession (PDPs) are protocols that allow a file owner to verify that a file stored at an outsourced server is stored entirely. From a security perspective, it must be difficult for the server to pass the verification protocol if the file is not available. Even though several efficient PDPs exist in the literature, to the best of our knowledge no special algorithms, besides the existing combinatorial approaches have been designed to find what exact blocks of the file are defective. In this article we present an efficient method to find what blocks are defective in a server, even when the server might lie; we show that by taking advantage of the homomorphic properties of existing PDPs, we can improve existing combinatorial methods to find the defective blocks. Our method involves a single invocation of the PDP's verification protocol and an additional communication overhead, which is never larger than the number of blocks of the file regardless of the number of missing blocks. For cases where few blocks have been corrupted, the transmission overhead is proportional to the the number of missing block times the logarithm of the length of the file. This is a significant improvement from existing combinatorial methods which exhibit worse performance than the naive approach (where the result of the PDP for each block is sent independently) as the number of corrupted blocks increases.
ChemInform Abstract: Ln12‐Containing 60‐Tungstogermanates: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence, and Magnetic Studies. (2016)

Abstract Single crystals of Na 39 [{Na(H 2 O) 6 } Eu 12 (OH) 12 (H 2 O) 18 Ge 2 (GeW 10 O 38 ) 6 ]·159H 2 O (I), Na 37 [{Na(H 2 O) 6 } Gd 12 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 24 Ge (GeW 10 O 38 ) 6 ]·129H 2 O (II), and Na 36 [{(H 2 O) 6 }Dy 12 (H 2 O) 24 (GeW 10 O 38 ) 6 ]·122H 2 O (III) are prepared by slow crystallization from a solution containing equimolar amounts of LnCl 3 (Ln: Eu, Gd, Dy) and Na 10 [α‐GeW 9 O 34 ] and NaCl at pH 5 (50 °C, 30 min; 23%, 20%, and 21% yield, resp.).
A Low Noise Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor With Low-Noise Transistors and 17b Column-Parallel ADCs (2013)

An extremely low temporal noise and wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor is developed using low-noise transistors and high gray-scale resolution (17b) folding-integration/cyclic analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Two types of pixel are designed. One is a high conversion gain (HCG) pixel with removing the coupling capacitance between the transfer gate and the floating diffusion, and the other is a pixel for wide dynamic range (WDR) CMOS imager with a native transistor as a source follower amplifier. The CMOS image sensor that is in combination with the proposed pixels and the high performance column ADC has achieved a low pixel temporal noise of 1.1e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> , a wide dynamic range of 87.5 dB with the video rate operation (30 Hz) and the vertical fixed pattern noise of 1.08-μVrms. The implemented HCG CMOS imager and WDR CMOS imager using 0.18 μm technology have the pixel conversion gain of 73.2- and 22.8-μV/e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> , respectively.
Novel immunotherapeutic strategies using MHC derived peptides. (1996)

Organ transplantation is now the treatment of choice for end stage organ failure. The ultimate goal in transplantation remains the development of strategies to induce specific tolerance to the allograft. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are the principal targets of the immune response to allografts and T cell recognition of allo-MHC is the initial event which initiates allograft rejection. The availability of sequences of MHC genes in mice, rats and humans has made it possible to prepare synthetic peptides for the study of the role of MHC peptides in allorecognition and tolerance induction. New evidence confirms that there are at least two distinct, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, pathways of allorecognition. In the so-called "direct" pathway T cells recognize intact allo-MHC molecules on the surface of donor cells. These MHC molecules contain an array of endogenous peptides bound in their antigen presentation groove. In the "indirect" pathway, T cells recognize specific processed alloantigen presented as peptides in the context of self MHC by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, there is ample evidence that synthetic MHC peptides can immunomodulate the alloimmune response both in vitro and vivo, and that potent allo-tolerance can be induced with synthetic MHC peptides. Two types of effects mediated by synthetic MHC peptides have been demonstrated: (1) suppression of the alloimmune response by relatively non-polymorphic peptides and (2) antigen-specific unresponsiveness induced by polymorphic peptides. The mechanisms mediating the immunomodulatory effects of synthetic effects of synthetic class I and class II MHC peptides and the potential for clinical applications are reviewed.
Highly Conductive Polyoxanorbornene‐Based Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries (2023)

This present study illustrates the synthesis and preparation of polyoxanorbornene-based bottlebrush polymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains by ring-opening metathesis polymerization for solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). In addition to the conductive PEO side chains, the polyoxanorbornene backbones may act as another ion conductor to further promote Li-ion movement within the SPE matrix. These results suggest that these bottlebrush polymer electrolytes provide impressively high ionic conductivity of 7.12 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature and excellent electrochemical performance, including high-rate capabilities and cycling stability when paired with a Li metal anode and a LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode. The new design paradigm, which has dual ionic conductive pathways, provides an unexplored avenue for inventing new SPEs and emphasizes the importance of molecular engineering to develop highly stable and conductive polymer electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries (LMB).
Optical spectra of hafnium, tungsten, rhenium and ruthenium atoms and other heavy transition-metal atoms and small clusters (Zr1,2, Pd1,2, Au1,2,3) in noble-gas matrixes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical spectra of hafnium, tungsten, rhenium and ruthenium atoms and other heavy transition-metal atoms and small clusters (Zr1,2, Pd1,2, Au1,2,3) in noble-gas matrixesWerner E. Klotzbuecher and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 12, 3767–3776Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50214a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50214a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts