gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementation with Brush Border Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase Slows Aging (2020)

Diminished integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier with advanced age is believed to contribute to aging-associated dysfunction and pathologies in animals. In mammals, diminished gut integrity contributes to inflammaging, the increase in inflammatory processes observed in old age. Recent work suggests that expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays a key role in maintaining gut integrity. IAP expression decreases with increasing age in mice and humans. Absence of IAP leads to liver inflammation and shortened life-spans in mice lacking the IAP gene. In normal mice, exogenous supplemental IAP reverses age-induced barrier dysfunction, improves aging-associated metabolic dysfunction, prevents microbiome dysbiosis (imbalance), and extends life-span. Consistent with IAP playing a conserved role in maintaining gut integrity, increased dietary IAP increases aging-diminished physical performance in flies. IAP helps maintain gut integrity in part by supporting the expression of tight junction proteins that maintain the intestinal epithelial barrier and by inactivating bacterial pro-inflammatory factors such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by dephosphorylation. Recombinant IAP is in late clinical trials for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, suggesting it may soon become available as a therapeutic. Taken together, these reports support the idea that directly increasing IAP levels by supplemental recombinant IAP or by indirectly increasing IAP levels using dietary means to induce endogenous IAP may slow the development of aging-associated pathologies.
Anin SituStudy of Bond Strains in 1 nm Pt Catalysts and Their Sensitivities to Cluster–Support and Cluster–Adsorbate Interactions (2013)

The electronic and atomic structural properties of nanoscale metal catalysts exhibit complex influences with origins related to particle size, metal–support, and metal–adsorbate interactions. The experimental investigations of these factors, as well as the elucidation of the impacts they have on mechanisms in catalysis, are hindered by their interdependency in working catalysts. We demonstrate in this work that the features underpinning bond strains and adsorbate-bonding effects in nanometer-scale Pt catalysts supported on both γ-alumina and carbon can be distinguished and analyzed using combined high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) X-ray absorption spectroscopy methods, namely, HERFD XANES and HERFD EXAFS. The work extends insights into the fluxional structural dynamics obtained in these systems, a feature harboring significant consequences for understandings of both their properties and mechanisms of action.
Membrane Charge and Curvature Determine Interaction with Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP) and Fatty Acyl-CoA Targeting (2002)

Although acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) stimulates utilization of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA by a variety of membrane-bound enzymes, it is not known whether ACBP directly interacts with membranes. To test this hypothesis, mouse recombinant (mr) ACBP was engineered to contain the native mouse ACBP amino acid sequence expressed as a fusion protein at high levels (>150 mg/L) in Escherichia coli. Purification and cleavage of the fusion tag resulted in mrACBP identical to native ACBP as shown by mass (10000.5 Da) and amino acid sequence (peptide mapping after proteolysis) determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy. The mrACBP was functionally active as shown by binding of cis-parinaroyl-CoA with high affinity, K(d) = 12 +/- 2 nM, at a single binding site, stimulating oleoyl-CoA utilization by microsomal glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3.2-fold and protecting oleoyl-CoA from microsomal acyl-CoA hydrolase. Direct interaction of mrACBP with membranes was demonstrated by two independent methods: (i) Circular dichroism showed an 8% increase in alpha-helix content of mrACBP in the presence of anionic phospholipid-rich, but not neutral, small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). (ii) Membrane filtration confirmed that mrACBP bound to anionic phospholipid-rich SUV but only weakly interacted with neutral SUV or large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), regardless of charge. (iii) The mrACBP-oleoyl-CoA complex transferred 2-3-fold more oleoyl-CoA to anionic phospholipid-rich SUV than to anionic phospholipid-rich LUV and neutral SUV or LUV. Conversely, mrACBP extracted less oleoyl-CoA from anionic phospholipid-rich SUV. Taken together, these data indicated for the first time that mrACBP interacted preferentially with anionic phospholipid-rich, highly curved membranes to facilitate transfer of ACBP-bound ligands.
Nanoscale Molecular Transport: The Case of Dip-Pen Nanolithography (2009)

In dip-pen nanolithography experiments, many groups have observed that different tips deliver the same ink at different rates. This article presents a quantitative model for understanding this phenomenon and, importantly, a way of controlling it. An inkjet printer is used to deliver controlled amounts of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) to atomic force microscope tips in an array. Ink transport from each tip is studied as a function of the number of drops delivered. We show a nonlinear dependence of transport rates on the number of drops that arises from surface-area-dependent dissolution of MHA. From this work, MHA dissolution attempt frequencies were calculated to be between 1.3 x 10(9) and 4.4 x 10(9) Hz.
Storing files in a parallel computing system based on user-specified parser function (2023)

Techniques are provided for storing files in a parallel computing system based on a user-specified parser function. A plurality of files generated by a distributed application in a parallel computing system are stored by obtaining a parser from the distributed application for processing the plurality of files prior to storage; and storing one or more of the plurality of files in one or more storage nodes of the parallel computing system based on the processing by the parser. The plurality of files comprise one or more of a plurality of complete files and a plurality of sub-files. The parser can optionally store only those files that satisfy one or more semantic requirements of the parser. The parser can also extract metadata from one or more of the files and the extracted metadata can be stored with one or more of the plurality of files and used for searching for files.
ASSESSMENT OF DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF LAKE CHAOHU, CHINA (2014)

The distribution and fractionation of nine heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, V, Pb and As) in the sediments of Lake Chaohu, a shallow eutrophic lake, were investigated using the BCR sequential extraction procedure.The level of pollution attributed to these nine heavy metals was evaluated employing the potential ecological risk index (RI) and geoaccumulation index (I geo ).Metal concentrations in sediments ranged from 65.00~104.00for Cr, 14.50~21.70for Co, 28.50~50.90for Ni, 25.40~51.30for Cu, 0.30~1.27for Cd, 96.80~436.00 for Zn, 89.00~126.00 for V, 37.80~102.00for Pb and 9.63~16.61for As.Cr, As, Ni, V and Cu were present mainly in the residual fraction, with proportions of 73.75%, 73.54%, 67.80%, 73.24% and 59.46%, respectively, while Co, Pb, Zn and Cd were associated with the non-residual fractions (soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions) dominantly, with total non-residual fraction proportions of 56.54%, 70.97%, 65.55% and 91.6%, respectively.The results of correlations analysis between different heavy metals showed that the heavy metals studied have different origins and distributions, which were divided into five categories: (1) Cu, Zn and Ni, (2) Co and V, (3) Pb and Cd, (4) Cr and (5) As.The rank order of potential ecological risk indices for these heavy metals was Cd> As> Pb> Co> Cu> Ni> Zn> V> Cr.Cd had high potential ecological risk and contributed the most to the potential ecological risk index as compared to the other heavy metals.The I geo values suggested "unpolluted" levels for Cr, V, As and Ni (mean I geo < 0), "unpolluted to moderately polluted" levels for Co, Cu, Zn and Pb (0< mean I geo <1), and "moderately polluted" levels for Cd (1< mean I geo <2).
Isopropyl 6-amino-2,5-anhydro-3,6-dideoxy-6-N-(2,5-anhydro-6-azido-3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexonyl)-L-arabino-hexonate (2003)

The title compound, C15H24N4O7, crystallizes with great difficulty as fine hair-like crystals. It is a significant material, because it displays a weak internal hydrogen bond which may help with the interpretation of the secondary structure preferences of this class of compounds.
RFC 8138: IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing Header (2017)

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 8138
Validation on Duality in Impact-ionization Carrier Generation at the Onset of Snapback in Power MOSFETs (2019)

Carrier generation due to impact ionization is an underlying physical mechanism in the snapback phenomenon. An exceedingly large amount of current during the snapback phenomenon is supplied from the two branches of carrier generation due to impact ionization; one originates from the surface channel current and the other from the source-junction injected current which tends to flow across a deeper location than the surface channel current. Device simulation for a power Laterally-Diffused MOSFET has revealed twin peaks of carrier generation rate distribution near the drain junction. This finding validates an incorporation of substrate current model equations in a common functional form to a MOSFET compact model, except for a distinct set of model parameters respectively; one for the shallow current and the other for the deep current.
VOLTTRON: An Open-Source Software Platform of the Future (2016)

Buildings consume more than 30% of the total primary energy expended worldwide and contribute to a third of the world?s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the United States, buildings consume more than 40% of the total energy and contribute almost 38% of GHG emissions. In addition, the buildings in the United States consume more than 75% of the electricity generated. The need to mitigate climate change is driving efforts to make U.S. electric power generation cleaner, and this provides new impetus for improving the operating efficiency of buildings at scale and increasing the hosting capacity of distributed renewable generation. Because these renewable generation technologies are variable in nature, they create significant short- and long-term imbalances between supply and demand.
Direct Measurement Of The Nonlinear Refractive Index Of Sf 6 Around 10 µm (1987)

For many applications related to high power laser propagation such as laser isotope separation or parametric wave mixing, knowledge of the refractive index n in the infrared (IR) is very important to obtain maximum efficiency in these processes. We present here a simple technique to measure directly the nonlinear refractive index n2 of a molecular gas in the IR. We use CO2 laser propagation in SF6 as an example. SPE, is a well-studied molecule exhibiting nonlinear properties such as self-focusing (S.F.), self-defocusing (S.D.) and four-wave mixing of a CO2 laser radiation around 10.6 pm. However, n2 and the related nonlinear susceptibility x(3) of SF6 were derived from indirect experiments by measuring the reflectivity of phase-conjugated signall or from the self-focused beam diameter dependence on laser intensity2. In our case the technique allows to measure directly n2 and to tell the occurence of S.D. or S.F. without having to take into account intensity dependent absorption.
Rhythm in dyadic interactions (2020)

This review paper discusses rhythmic interactions and distinguishes them from non-rhythmic interactions. We report on communicative behaviours in social and sexual contexts, as found in dyads of humans, non-human primates, non-primate mammals, birds, anurans and insects. We discuss observed instances of rhythm in dyadic interactions, identify knowledge gaps and propose suggestions for future research. We find that most studies on rhythmicity in interactive signals mainly focus on one modality (acoustic or visual) and suggest more work should be performed on multimodal signals. Although the social functions of interactive rhythms have been fairly well described, developmental research on rhythms used to regulate social interactions is still lacking. Future work should also focus on identifying the exact timing mechanisms involved. Rhythmic signalling behaviours are widespread and critical in regulating social interactions across taxa, but many questions remain unexplored. A multidisciplinary, comparative cross-species approach may help provide answers.
Experiences with eNav (2015)

This paper presents experiences with eNav, a smartphone-based vehicular GPS navigation system that has an energy-saving location sensing mode capable of drastically reducing navigation energy needs. Traditional navigation systems sample the phone's GPS at a fixed rate (usually around 1Hz), regardless of factors such as current vehicle speed and distance from the next navigation waypoint. This practice results in a large energy consumption and unnecessarily reduces the attainable length of a navigation session, if the phone is left unplugged. The paper investigates two questions. First, would drivers be willing to sacrifice some of the affordances of modern navigation systems in order to prolong battery life? Second, how much energy could be saved using straightforward alternative localization mechanisms, applied to complement GPS for vehicular navigation? According to a survey we conducted of 500 drivers, as much as 91% of drivers said they would like to have a vehicular navigation application with an energy saving mode. To meet this need, eNav exploits on-board accelerometers for approximate location sensing when the vehicle is sufficiently far from the next navigation waypoint (or is stopped). A user test-study of eNav shows that it results in roughly the same user experience as standard GPS navigation systems, while reducing navigation energy consumption by almost 80%. We conclude that drivers find an energy-saving mode on phone-based vehicular navigation applications desirable, even at the expense of some loss of functionality, and that significant savings can be achieved using straightforward location sensing mechanisms that avoid frequent GPS sampling.
The synthesis of few-walled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic pyrolysis of methane and the kinetics of their accumulation (2007)

The kinetic dependences of the accumulation of carbon during pyrolysis of CH4 mixed with H2 on an Mo-Co/MgO catalyst with the atomic ratio Mo: Co: Mg = 3: 1: 76 at atmospheric pressure, temperature 900°C, and various CH4 and H2 partial pressures were determined by direct thermogravimetric measurements in combination with electron microscopic examination. The main solid pyrolysis products were found to be carbon nanotubes with two to five walls. The outside diameter of nanotubes changed from ∼3 to 9 nm. A kinetic model of the accumulation of carbon was suggested. The model took into account the formation of two products, nanotubes and carbon deposited on their surface, process reversibility, and catalyst deactivation by nanotubes formed.
Tracheobronchial Cytologic Changes during Prolonged Cannulation (1981)

The tracheobronchial cytology of eighteen patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation were examined for the type of cell population present, together with the morphologic integrity of the ciliated epithelial cells 1, 3, 5,10, and 20 days after tracheal cannulation. Smears obtained from patients recovering from cardiac surgery were different from all others in that: (1) they contained fewer epithelial cells (ciliated and squamous) which disappeared earlier; (2) they initially had more pus cells which appeared earlier; (3) they originally contained more histocytes but these were not found after the 5th day after cannulation; and (4) their ciliated epithelial cells displayed more cytomorphologic changes. Differences in cytology were attributed to impaired cardiac output in these patients. The reduced perfusion pressure of the vasculature of their tracheobronchial tree was presumably unable to sustain the lateral wall pressure of tube cuffs pressure, which further impaired tracheal perfusion. Less reparative processes (squamous metaplasia and early appearance of histiocytes) were also found in patients following cardiac surgery, together with early invasion of smears by pus cells indicating premature lowered resistance to bacterial infection.
Research highlights: microfluidics and magnets (2014)

In this highlight we present a snapshot of recent work using magnetic forces and particles to perform lab on a chip operations. Magnetic micro- & nanoparticles have been widely used for separations in cell biology & clinical diagnostics and as solid phase supports for reactions and chemical assays. Microscale approaches to control and manipulate magnetic particles can enable new functionality; allowing parallel and complex automation of assays, manipulation of fluids themselves, and precise separations based on small differences in magnetic properties. Here we discuss recent work demonstrating advances in these three areas.
Thermal Management versus Full Isolation: Trade Off in Packaging Technologies of Modern SiC Diodes (2011)

In this paper we compare the thermal behavior of identical SiC Schottky diodes mounted in i) a standard TO220 package (TO220) with non-isolated backside applying standard soft solder and diffusion solder die attach with ii) a so called FULLPAK TO220 package (TO220FP, only diffusion soldering). Depending on the solder technique the heat transport from the junction area of the SiC Schottky diode to the heat sink or to the package backside is improved for the diodes mounted via diffusion solder. For small chips this holds even for TO220FP in comparison to TO220 with standard solder. Simulations of the vertical temperature distribution after electrically heating with a half sine wave for 10ms up to 190W show a decrease of the maximal junction temperature of the SiC Schottky diode from TJ=260 °C to TJ=180 °C if the diffusion solder is used independent from the package type.
DVB‐H Radio Network (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: OFDM DVB-H Radio Frequency Modulation FFT Mode Guard Interval Error Correction
Optimized Film Cooling Flow on a Contoured Endwall Within a Transonic Annular Cascade (2023)

Abstract Film cooling was measured on the endwall of a five-vane annular cascade in a blowdown wind tunnel at an exit Mach number of 0.9. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was calculated from the partial pressure of oxygen measured with binary pressure-sensitive paint (BPSP). Cylindrical film cooling holes were located in the upstream and passage regions with the coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratio (MFR) independently varied for each region. One row was located upstream of the vanes and supplied by an upstream plenum. Two rows were located in the passage between two vanes and supplied by a downstream plenum. Three total MFRs were investigated: 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. For a given total MFR, four combinations of upstream and downstream MFRs were compared to an even split of coolant. Coolant-to-mainstream density ratios (DRs) of 1.0 and 2.0 were investigated. The most efficient use of coolant hinged on balancing the downstream MFR for the second row due to the endwall pressure gradient preventing coolant from exiting the holes or a high jet velocity causing liftoff. For this row, selecting the optimum MFR increased the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness by up to 200% with a reduction in row 1 of less than 25%. At high downstream MFRs, increasing the density ratio delayed liftoff and increased film cooling effectiveness in row 2 by 65%. However, at low MFRs, increasing the density ratio reduced film cooling effectiveness in row 2 by 60%.
Kinetic Modeling of Gas Phase Sugar Cracking to Glycolaldehyde and Other Oxygenates (2020)

Sugars can be cracked in a fluidized bed of glass beads to glycolaldehyde and various other oxygenate products that are valuable molecules on their own or as platform molecules for conversion into other chemicals. In this work, cracking of sugars was investigated experimentally and a kinetic model was developed. The model is based on calculated reaction rate parameters for isomerization and retro-aldol reactions available in the literature. The set of parameters was expanded with empirical reaction rate parameters obtained from fitting the kinetic model to experiments feeding glycolaldehyde and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone. The kinetic model was validated against experiments of glucose, fructose, and xylose cracking in the temperature range 440–600 °C. The experimental total carbon balance varied with the type of sugar and operating temperature in the range 77–97 wt % C. The temperature optimum for glycolaldehyde production was generally captured well by the kinetic model; however, the yield was overpredicted by the model (5–15 wt % C) for all sugars.
On the Convergence of Prior-Guided Zeroth-Order Optimization Algorithms (2021)

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is widely used to handle challenging tasks, such as query-based black-box adversarial attacks and reinforcement learning. Various attempts have been made to integrate prior information into the gradient estimation procedure based on finite differences, with promising empirical results. However, their convergence properties are not well understood. This paper makes an attempt to fill up this gap by analyzing the convergence of prior-guided ZO algorithms under a greedy descent framework with various gradient estimators. We provide a convergence guarantee for the prior-guided random gradient-free (PRGF) algorithms. Moreover, to further accelerate over greedy descent methods, we present a new accelerated random search (ARS) algorithm that incorporates prior information, together with a convergence analysis. Finally, our theoretical results are confirmed by experiments on several numerical benchmarks as well as adversarial attacks.
Improved AlGaInP-based red (670–690 nm) surface-emitting lasers with novel C-doped short-cavity epitaxial design (1995)

A modified epitaxial design leads to straightforward implementation of short (1λ) optical cavities and the use of C as the sole p-type dopant in AlGaInP/AlGaAs red vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Red VCSELs fabricated into simple etched air posts operate continuous wave at room temperature at wavelengths between 670 and 690 nm, with a peak output power as high as 2.4 mW at 690 nm, threshold voltage of 2.2 V, and peak wallplug efficiency of 9%. These values are all significant improvements over previous results achieved in the same geometry with an extended optical cavity epitaxial design. The improved performance is due primarily to reduced optical losses and improved current constriction and dopant stability.