gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of AlBN solid solutions by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (1997)

Layers of AlBN were grown on sapphire by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy at 1050 °C using triethylboron, trimethylaluminum, and ammonia as precursors. It is shown that boron is readily incorporated into the layers and its concentration in the solid phase can be as high as 40%. However, single phase Al1−xBxN films can only be grown for compositions not exceeding x=0.01. For higher boron concentrations in the solid the second B-rich phase is formed. This phase was identified as wurtzite BN based on the results of transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The growth of this thermodynamically unfavorable phase becomes possible, most probably, because it occurs within the framework provided by wurtzite AlN islands first formed on the surface and setting up the sites for lateral growth of wurtzite BN. That leads to formation of columnar structure of AlN and BN crystallites oriented in the basal plane and existing side by side.
A test statistics for low complexity change detection in dynamic systems based on averaged filter models (2002)

This paper presents a new method to detect and discriminate between abrupt changes in dynamics and sudden changes in disturbance levels in dynamic systems. It is assumed that a normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive filter estimates the system. The detection method is based on the observation that the estimated taps behave differently in the two studied events. The convergence behavior of the taps is modeled using averaging theory, giving an exponential convergence behavior for each tap. Kalman filtering techniques, based on this model, are then used in order to design a new detection scheme.
Extended genetic algorithm for codesign optimization of DSP systems in FPGAs (2005)

The multiobjective genetic algorithm is an effective solution to the complex problem of hardware-software codesign. An extended genetic algorithm (EGA) has been developed that implements a novel selection method with function scaling, adaptive crossover and mutation. This EGA is applied in a codesign optimization stage for dataflow oriented applications and synthesis on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Its effectiveness is illustrated on the problem of codesign of a self-tuning regulator considering area and performance.
Development of a Climate-Sensitive Structural Stand Density Management Model for Red Pine: Supplementary Materials (2022)

This file includes 3 pdf files: (1) SM-S1.PDF file consisting of analytical description of the development of the modular structural stand density management model for red pine, and is entitled “Modular-specific Development of the Red Pine Structural Stand Density Management Model”; (2) SM-S2.PDF file consisting of comprehensive schematic illustrations and numerical descriptions of the computational framework utilized within the modular-based SSDMM for red pine, and is entitled “SSDMM Computational Sequence”; and (3) SM-S3.PDF file consisting of computational analytics associated underlying the stand-level performance indices, and is entitled “Performance Indices: computations and denotations”.
Infection Susceptibility in Gastric Intrinsic Factor (Vitamin B 12 )-Defective Mice Is Subject to Maternal Influences (2016)

Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in countries with weak infrastructures. In communities with a high prevalence of poor diet, malnourishment and infectious disease can impact vulnerable individuals such as pregnant women and children. Here, we describe a highly flexible murine model for monitoring maternal and environmental influences of vitamin B12 metabolism. We also demonstrate the potential importance of vitamin B12 in controlling susceptibility to bacterial pathogens such as C. rodentium and S Typhimurium. We postulate that this model, along with similarly vitamin deficient mice, could be used to further explore the mechanisms associated with micronutrients and susceptibility to diseases, thereby increasing our understanding of disease in the malnourished.
Soft Lithography (1998)

Elastomeric stamps and molds provide a great opportunity to eliminate some of the disadvantages of photolithograpy, which is currently the leading technology for fabricating small structures. In the case of “soft lithography” there is no need for complex laboratory facilities and high-energy radiation. Therefore, this process is simple, inexpensive, and accessible even to molecular chemists. The current state of development in this promising area of research is presented here.
Stabilizing the uniform lying helix alignment in chiral nematic liquid crystals using direct laser writing (2016)

We investigate a novel approach for controlling the alignment of a fast-switching chiral nematic liquid crystal state using a high resolution two-photon absorption laser scanning lithography technique with aberration correction that permits the engineering of photonic structures in-situ. Walls of polymer network are engineered parallel and perpendicular to the helical axis of a uniform lying helix in chiral nematic liquid crystals in order to stabilize the alignment in the absence of an electric field and enhance the flexo-electro-optic response.
A change in blood transcriptional signatures accompanies successful tuberculosis therapy (2012)

Introduction Inadequate treatment of patients with active TB leads to worsening disease, infection transmission and drug resistance. Effective anti-TB therapy monitoring is difficult as the best accepted method is the 2-month sputum culture conversion. However this has low sensitivity for predicting an individuals response, and difficult to implement since culture results are not available in 30-50% of patients. No recognised biomarkers of treatment response earlier than 2 months exist. Aims Determine if blood transcriptional profiles can be used in early TB treatment monitoring. Methods Mtb culture-positive, HIV-uninfected, pulmonary TB patients were recruited in Cape Town, South Africa and London. Patients with latent TB infection were also recruited. Whole blood samples were taken before, during, and after, 6 months of standard first line TB drug therapy. Samples were processed for microarray analysis (Illumina). Changes in transcriptional expression were analysed. An algorithm to quantify the changes was also devised. Results All patients responded successfully to therapy. An active TB transcriptional signature was derived by comparing the untreated active and latent TB patients. A specific treatment response transcriptional signature was derived comparing patients before and after treatment. Both signatures showed significant changes in response to treatment and could be quantified for individual patients. Conclusion These results provide evidence that blood transcriptional signatures could be used as biomarkers of a successful treatment response. These potential biomarkers, measured in whole blood, could assess treatment response in patients more consistently than currently available tests.
Thermomechanical behavior of EUV pellicle under dynamic exposure conditions (2016)

The utilization of EUV pellicles as protective layers for EUV masks requires the use of refractory materials that can tolerate large temperature excursions due to the non-negligible absorption of EUV radiation during exposure. Additionally, the mechanical stress induced on the EUV pellicle by the thermal load is dependent on the thermal expansion of the material which can be responsible for transient wrinkling. In this study, an ultrathin (20 nm), free-standing membrane based on silicon nitride is utilized as a learning vehicle to understand the material requirements of EUV pellicles under dynamic exposure conditions that are typical of commercial EUV scanners. First, the nanoscale radiative properties (emissivity) and thermo-mechanical failure temperature of the dielectric film under vacuum conditions are experimentally investigated utilizing a pulsed ArF (193 nm) probing laser. The silicon nitride membrane is found to be marginally compatible with an equivalent 80W EUV source power under steady state illumination conditions. Next, the thermal behavior of the EUV pellicle under dynamic exposure conditions is simulated using a finite element solver. The transient temperature profile and stress distribution across the membrane under stationary state conditions are extracted for an equivalent 60W EUV power source and the pellicle wrinkling due to heating and consequent impact on CD uniformity is estimated. The present work provides a generalized methodology to anticipate the thermal response of a EUV pellicle under realistic exposure conditions.
Human factors for color display systems: concepts, methods, and research (1987)

Fricke reaction, KI oxidation and decomposition of porphyrin derivatives by use of seven types of sonochemical apparatus in four different laboratories were examined in the range of frequency of 19.5 kHz to 1.2 MHz. The ultrasonic energy dissipated into an apparatus was determined also by calorimetry. Sonochemical efficiency of Fricke reaction and KI oxidation was defined as the number of reacted molecule per unit ultrasonic energy. The sonochemical efficiency is independent of experimental conditions such as the shape of sample cell and irradiation instruments, but depends on the ultrasonic frequency. We propose the KI oxidation dosimetry using 0.1 moldm(-3) KI solution as a standard method to calibrate the sonochemical efficiency of an individual reaction system.
Identification of the E3 Ligase TRIM29 as a Critical Checkpoint Regulator of NK Cell Functions (2019)

NK cells play an important role in immune surveillance and protective immunity, mainly through rapid cytokine release and cytolytic activities. But how such responses are negatively regulated remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM29 is a crucial regulator of NK cell functions. We found that TRIM29 was not expressed in resting NK cells, but was readily upregulated following activation, especially after IL-12 plus IL-18 stimulation. The levels of TRIM29 expression were inversely correlated with IFN-γ production by NK cells, suggesting that TRIM29 inhibits NK cell functions. Indeed, deficiency of TRIM29, specifically in NK cells, resulted in an enhanced IFN-γ production and consequently protected mice from murine CMV infection. Mechanistically, we showed that once induced in NK cells, TRIM29 ubiquitinates and degrades the TGF-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB2), a key adaptor protein in IFN-γ production by NK cells. These results identify TRIM29 as a negative regulator of NK cell functions and may have important clinical implications.
Assessment of Different Actuator Concepts for Acoustic Boundary Control of a Premixed Combustor (2008)

In the design process, new burners are generally tested in combustion test rigs. With these experiments, computational fluid dynamics, and finite element calculations, the burners’ performance in the full-scale engine is sought to be predicted. Especially, information about the thermoacoustic behavior and the emissions is very important. As the thermoacoustics strongly depend on the acoustic boundary conditions of the system, it is obvious that test rig conditions should match or be close to those of the full-scale engine. This is, however, generally not the case. Hence, if the combustion process in the test rig is stable at certain operating conditions, it may show unfavorable dynamics at the same conditions in the engine. In previous works, the authors introduced an active control scheme, which is able to mimic almost arbitrary acoustic boundary conditions. Thus, the test rig properties can be tuned to correspond to those of the full-scale engine. The acoustic boundary conditions were manipulated using woofers. In the present study, proportional valves are investigated regarding their capabilities of being used in the control scheme. It is found that the test rig impedance can be tuned equally well. In contrast to the woofers, however, the valves could be used in industrial applications, as they are more robust and exhibit more control authority. Additionally, the control scheme is further developed and used to tune the test rig at discrete frequencies. This exhibits certain advantages compared with the case of control over a broad frequency band.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>In Vivo</i> Detection of HSP90 Identifies Breast Cancers with Aggressive Behavior (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HS131 biodistribution in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice&lt;/p&gt;
A New Technique for Calculating Downhole Rotation Speed and Torque from Surface Measurements (2015)

Abstract This paper presents a new, field tested technique that provides accurate estimates of downhole variables rotation speed and torque. The estimates are based on drill string geometry and surface measurements of the same variables. The technique is more wide-ranging and accurate than previously used methods, in several ways. First, it includes many frequencies, not only the stick-slip frequency. This helps to detect higher order stick-slip oscillations and to determine maximum and minimum speed more accurately. Second, it works when the top drive speed varies substantially, which is often the case when the top drive speed control is softened as a result of activating a stick-slip mitigation tool. Third, it also provides downhole torque, not only rotation speed. Finally, the new method can be used for calculating string variables at any location, not only at the bit. The new method has been tested with exceptionally good results, both against an advanced, comprehensive simulation model, and against field data containing synchronized and high quality downhole and surface data. It is especially encouraging that the method works well when the torque input is erratic with a low periodicity and also when the top drive speed varied substantially. This strongly indicates that the new method can be used as a reliable and low cost technique for evaluating and validating the effect of various stick-slip mitigation tools.
Abstract 2363: Combinational therapy with specific immunization plus checkpoint inhibition results in enhanced tumor regression and survival benefit (2016)

Abstract Effective immunotherapeutic treatment of various cancers may require combinational approaches to induce specific immunity to the tumor as well as inhibition of immune check-points. We have developed a viral gene delivery platform to immunize against numerous tumor associated antigens (TAA) such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), HER2/neu and HPV 16. We investigated the therapeutic benefit of the immunotherapeutics alone and in combination with check-point inhibitors such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) blockade and LAG3 blockade in murine tumor models. As single agents, immunization with the viral delivery platform encoding the TAA induced target-specific cell-mediated immunity and anti-tumor responses in the respective model. When the immunotherapies were combined with immune checkpoint blockade, an increased level of anti-tumor activity against was observed in addition to an improvement in survival. Tumor microenvironment analysis immunized mice revealed an increase in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In addition, we observed induction of suppressive mechanisms such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells and an increase in PD-1+ TILs. When immunotherapy was combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, we observed CD8+ TILs at the same increased level but found that a smaller fraction of these were PD-1+. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, providing a mechanism by which combination therapy favors tumor clearance and a rationale for pairing antigen-specific vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors in future clinical trials. Citation Format: Elizabeth Gabitzsch, Adrian Rice, Yvette Latchman, Joseph P. Balint, Frank Jones. Combinational therapy with specific immunization plus checkpoint inhibition results in enhanced tumor regression and survival benefit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2363.
Usability Testing a Malware-Resistant Input Mechanism. (2011)

We report the results of a usability study of Bumpy, a system that enables a user to provide secret inputs to remote webservers without trusting the computer on which she types those inputs. Achieving this somewhat paradoxical property via Bumpy requires extra diligence from users, raising questions as to whether it is a viable protection for the average user. We evaluate the originally proposed Bumpy design and several new alternatives in a user study involving 85 participants, each of whom utilized one of these designs (or a control design) for roughly four months to protect her password entries to a university course web page. Beyond assessing the usability of Bumpy designs, our study offers insights for designing security-relevant interfaces and training users to successfully utilize them.
Guld och gröna skogar? : En studie om värdet av ekologiska produkter för livsmedelsproducenter (2003)

Det har under manga ar, inte minst inom livsmedelsbranschen, diskuterats och debatterats mycket kring miljo nagot som har lett till att manga livsmedelsproducenter idag har ekologiska produkter i s ...
Fluorine-containing Diethynyl Aryl Derivatives for n-Channel Organic Field-effect Transistors (2007)

Abstract Fluorine-containing diethynyl aryl derivatives (1–5), in which three aromatic rings were connected together with rigid acetylenic linkages, were synthesized for n-channel organic field-effect transistors. The field-effect electron mobility of the thin film of 2 exhibited 3.4×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Dissolution behaviour of silicon nitride coatings for joint replacements (2016)

In this study, the dissolution rate of SiNx coatings was investigated as a function of coating composition, in comparison to a cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) reference. SiNx coatings with N/Si ratios of 0.3, 0.8 and 1.1 were investigated. Electrochemical measurements were complemented with solution (inductively coupled plasma techniques) and surface analysis (vertical scanning interferometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The dissolution rate of the SiNx coatings was evaluated to 0.2-1.4 nm/day, with a trend of lower dissolution rate with higher N/Si atomic ratio in the coating. The dissolution rates of the coatings were similar to or lower than that of CoCrMo (0.7-1.2 nm/day). The highest nitrogen containing coating showed mainly Si-N bonds in the bulk as well as at the surface and in the dissolution area. The lower nitrogen containing coatings showed Si-N and/or Si-Si bonds in the bulk and an increased formation of Si-O bonds at the surface as well as in the dissolution area. The SiNx coatings reduced the metal ion release from the substrate. The possibility to tune the dissolution rate and the ability to prevent release of metal ions encourage further studies on SiNx coatings for joint replacements.
Abstract 16027: Impact of Ancillary Ablation Strategies on One Year Outcomes of AF Intervention (2012)

Background: Despite attempts at issue clarification, there remains considerable controversy over the need for ancillary interventions beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial f...
Crystal structures and DFT calculations of new chlorido-dimethylsulfoxide-MIII (M = Ir, Ru, Rh) complexes with the N-pyrazolyl pyrimidine donor ligand: kinetic vs. thermodynamic isomers (2014)

New chlorido-dimethylsulfoxide-iridium(III), ruthenium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes with the 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-pyrimidine (pyrapyr) ligand (OC-6-N1)-[Rh(III)Cl3(DMSO-κS)(pyrapyr)] (1a, N = 3 and 1b, N = 4); (OC-6-N1)-[Ru(III)Cl3(DMSO-κS)(pyrapyr)] (2a, N = 3 and 2b, N = 4) and (OC-6-N1)-[Ir(III)Cl3(DMSO-κS)(pyrapyr)] (3a, N = 3 and 3b, N = 4) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, a disordered crystal 3a/3b and a cocrystal 3a·3b). In all cases, the metal centers show octahedral geometry coordinated to three chloride ligands and one S coordinated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-κS). The coordination sphere of the metal is completed by the pyrapyr molecule. Two different coordination modes are observed: (i) the DMSO-κS is opposite to the pyrimidinic N atom (IUPAC nomenclature is OC-6-31 denoted herein as trans); (ii) DMSO-κS is opposite to the pyrazolic N atom (IUPAC nomenclature is OC-6-41 denoted as cis). For Rh(III) the kinetic product (cis) yields the thermodynamic (trans) upon heating a solution of the kinetic product and both isomers have been X-ray characterized. Conversely for Ru(III), both kinetic and thermodynamic complexes have been obtained by using different procedures. Both isomers have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and the kinetic product does not yield the thermodynamic upon heating a solution of the former. Furthermore, the Ir(III) behaves differently, since both isomers are energetically equivalent and both isomers co-crystallize in the solid state. The kinetic/thermodynamic mechanism that yields the different isomers has been studied by using theoretical DFT calculations for each metal. Finally, two Ru(II) complexes (OC-6-N1)-[Ru(II)Cl2(DMSO-κS)2(pyrapyr)] (1a, N = 3 and 4b, N = 4) are also described and X-ray characterized. They were obtained as minor products during the synthesis of 2a.
Factors Influencing C−ON Bond Homolysis in Alkoxyamines:  Unexpected Behavior of SG1 (N-(2-methyl-2-propyl)-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-oxyl)-Based Alkoxyamines (2004)

Alkoxyamines and persistent nitroxides are important regulators of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP). Since the polymerization time decreases with the increasing equilibrium constant K (k(d)/k(c)), i.e., the increasing rate constant k(d) of the homolysis of the C-ON bond between the polymer chain and the nitroxide moiety, the factors influencing the cleavage rate constants are of considerable interest. SG1-based alkoxyamines have turned out to be the most potent alkoxyamine family to use for NMP of various monomers. Therefore, it is of high interest to determine the factors which make SG1 derivatives better regulators than TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) derivatives. Contrary to what we had observed with TEMPO derivatives, we observed two relationships for the plot E(a) vs BDE(C-H), one for the nonpolar released alkyl radicals (E(a) (kJ/mol) = -133.0 + 0.72BDE) and the other one for the polar released alkyl radicals (E(a) (kJ/mol) = -137.0 + 0.69BDE). However, for both families (SG1 and TEMPO derivatives), the rate constants k(d) of the C-ON bond homolysis were correlated to the cleavage temperature T(c) (log(k(d)(s(-)(1))) = 1.51 - 0.058T(c)). Such correlations should help to design new alkoxyamines to use as regulators and to improve the tuning of NMP experiments.