gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) FINITE VOLUME METHOD (FVM) MODEL FOR OXYGEN (O2) TRANSFER IN AN INTRAVENOUS HOLLOW FIBER OXYGENATOR (IHFO) (2003)

In this study we report on recent efforts in our laboratory to couple experimental and computational approaches to analyze the O2 transfer (VO2) of a IHFO. We describe two 3D numerical models (3D-NM) to characterize the fluid dynamics and VO2 in a IHFO. Experimental data permit to calculate VO2 and main parameters used for numerical approach. Mass transfer coefficient (K) in terms of Reynolds (Re) and Schmid (Sc) numbers are derived from Mockros proposed equation: (1) K∼α*Re β*Sc1/3 Relation between pressure drop (ΔP) and flow (Um) is derived using the equation: (2) ΔP= λ*Um+ θ*U2m where δ, ± factors are derived from experimental data. Empirical results were derived using 3 prototypes of crimped IHFO placed in a chamber. Devices membrane area was 0.5m2. Modeling each individual fiber of the IFHO by a 3D-NM remains an intractable task. Two simplified models are proposed: “Fiber-Fluid” (FF) and “Porous-media” (PM)·FF: A reduced number of fibers is considered as fluid domain. It permit to analyze in detail fluid-fiber iteration and mass transfer. • PM: It permit to get a global sight of gas transfer. The IHFO is replaced by a PM with a given permeability derived from equation (2) and fibers are replaced by O2 source terms. Dirichlet or Robin boundary conditions are set for mass transfer between fluid and fibers. Flow is treated as steady, laminar, imcompressible and fluid is assumed to be Newtonian. Continuity and Navier-Stokes governing the flow and Convection-Diffusion for mass transfer equations were solved using a FVM CFD code (Fluent, Lebanon, NH).
Advances on Filters and Delay Lines in Silicon Photonics (2010)

Abstract— We report on design, characterization, exploitation &#13;\nand limitations of linear devices realized in Silicon Photonics. &#13;\nFilters and tunable delay lines are tested with picosecond pulses &#13;\nand PolDM DQPSK signals. Potentialities, impairments and &#13;\ncritical aspects such as tuning, process tolerances, polarization &#13;\nmanagement and waveguide sidewall roughness are thoroughly &#13;\ninvestigated and discussed.
OER Performances of Cationic Substituted (100)-Oriented IrO2 Thin Films: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study (2020)

Cationic substitution was investigated as a strategy to increase the electrocatalytic activity of IrO2-based films for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). For this purpose, an approach that combines detailed experimental characterization with quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory was employed. A series of (100)-oriented Ir1–xMxO2 thin films, with M = Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Sn, Pt, Rh, Ru, V, and Mn, was prepared with a one-step synthesis approach based on pulsed laser deposition, and the electrocatalytic activity of these films for the OER was measured. Matching material compositions and structures were generated in silico for DFT-based calculations of their electronic structure and OER pathway. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results revealed the viable activity descriptor, paving the way for a systematic search to find the most active Ir-based OER catalyst.
Computationally efficient symbol-level precoding communications demonstrator (2017)

We present a precoded multi-user communication test-bed to demonstrate forward link interference mitigation techniques in a multi-beam satellite system scenario which will enable a full frequency reuse scheme. The developed test-bed provides an end-to-end precoding demonstration, which includes a transmitter, a multi-beam satellite channel emulator and user receivers. Each of these parts can be reconfigured accordingly to the desired test scenario. Precoded communications allow full frequency reuse in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel environments, where several coordinated antennas simultaneously transmit to a number of independent receivers. The developed real-time transmission test-bed assist in demonstrating, designing and benchmarking of the new Symbol-Level Precoding (SLP) techniques, where the data information is used, along with the channel state information, in order to exploit the multi-user interference and transform it into useful power at the receiver side. The demonstrated SLP techniques are designed in order to be computationally efficient, and can be generalized to others multi-channel interference scenarios.
ASSOCIATIONS OF LUNG CANCER MORTALITY WITH LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO PM 2.5 COMPONENTS (2011)

Background and Aims: Numerous epidemiological studies have now documented that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution mass (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The ACS study has found associations of PM2.5 with increased risk of lung cancer mortality, but the types of particles that are most related to these associations have not been investigated. The focus of this new research was to determine which components of PM2.5 mass were most explanatory of the previously reported PM2.5 association with lung cancer mortality. Methods: Using the ACS cohort (extended through 2004), and the U.S. EPA PM2.5 Speciation data, we evaluated mortality associations between various composition and source components of PM2.5 in 100 U.S. metropolitan areas. Source apportionments were conducted using methods by Thurston and Spengler (1982). Individual elements were also considered as exposure indices. Mortality analyses employed Cox Proportional Hazards modeling. Results: The major U.S. PM2.5 sources identified, their key tracer elements, and their mean nationwide PM2.5 impacts were: Metals (Pb, Zn) 0.2 ug/m3; Soil (Ca, Si) 0.8 ug/m3; Traffic (OC, EC, NO2) 4.6 ug/m3; Steel (Fe, Mn) &lt;0.1 ug/m3; Coal Combustion (As, Se, S) 1.1 ug/m3; Oil Combustion (V, Ni) 0.9 ug/m3; Salt (Na, Cl) 0.1 ug/m3; Biomass burning 1.3 ug/m3; Other Sulfates (S) 4.3 ug/m3; Other Nitrates (NO3-) 0.6 ug/m3; and, Other Organic Carbon (OC) 0.6 ug/m3. Coal combustion-related PM2.5 and its key trace elements were most strongly associated with lung cancer PM2.5-mortality associations. Conclusions: Particles resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, are most associated with increased risk of lung cancer mortality from long-term PM2.5 exposure. Acknowledgement: This research supported by the Health Effects Institute’s National Particle Component Toxicity Initiative.
Comparative Study of Disc Degeneration According to the Annulotomy Methodology: In Vivo Animal Study (2003)

Study Design: An in-vivo experiment. O b j e c t i v e s: To compare the results of various methodologies for an annulotomy, and evaluate the relationship between the degenerative change and the volume of an extruded nucleus according to the various methodologies. Summary of Literature Review: Many authors have reported that the traditional annulotomy technique is an open annulotomy. Material and Methods: 16 female white New Zealand rabbits, each weighing about 4-4.5 kg, were used. A retroperitoneal approach, using a paravertebral incision, was used. Using a number 11 blade, a 21G needle and a number 15 blade, transverse stab incisions, or puncture wounds, were made into the L3-4, L4-5 and L5-6 disc through the antero-lateral annulus. At all the experimental levels, a complete annulotomy, which confirms the leakage of nucleus pulposus after an annulotomy, was used. To check the extruded nucleus volume after each annulotomy, the gross findings and histological findings of 10 disc samples from each level were analyzed. Radiological methods were used simple lumbar x-ray and MRI. From simple x-rays, the change in the disc height was measured with NIH image software, and the degeneration grade was classified using MRI. Results: The gross and histological findings showed the most advanced degeneration in the number 15 blade annulotomy group (L5-6 level), with the simple radiographs showing a fast decrease in the disc height. From the MRI findings, early degenerative findings were observed 2 months after the annulotomy in the number 11 and 15 blades groups. The largest extruded nucleus volume was observed in the number 15 blade annulotomy group. C o n c l u s i o n: In conclusion, the degenerative change in the disc, following an annulotomy, was related to the volume of the extruded nucleus.
Efficient Analog Beamforming with Dynamic Subarrays for mmWave MU-MISO Systems (2019)

Analog beamformer with large-scale antenna arrays has been widely considered in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems because of its superiority in hardware cost and energy consumption compared with traditional fully digital beamforming schemes. In this paper, we introduce an efficient dynamic subarray analog beamforming architecture with low-resolution phase shifters (PSs) for mmWave multiuser multipleinput single-output (MU-MISO) systems. In an effort to mitigate the performance loss due to the use of low- resolution PSs, each user can dynamically select a non-overlap subarray from total transmit antennas and use corresponding subarray analog beamformer to transmit signals. This dynamic subarray analog beamforming architecture can utilize the multi- antenna/multiuser diversities by dynamically adapting to channel state information (CSI) of users. An efficient dynamic subarray analog beamformer design algorithm is also presented, which aims at maximizing the sum-rate of the MU-MISO system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic analog beamforming solution can significantly outperform the conventional fixed-subarray schemes.
Methods of producing continuous boron carbide fibers (2023)

Methods of producing continuous boron carbide fibers. The method comprises reacting a continuous carbon fiber material and a boron oxide gas within a temperature range of from approximately 1400.degree. C. to approximately 2200.degree. C. Continuous boron carbide fibers, continuous fibers comprising boron carbide, and articles including at least a boron carbide coating are also disclosed.
The wheat variety used in the diet of laying hens influences colonization with the intestinal spirochaeteBrachyspira intermedia (2004)

This study investigated whether feeding different wheat varieties to laying hens could influence colonization with the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira intermedia. Fifty ISA-Brown laying hens were divided into two groups. One group were fed a laying-hen diet formulated with wheat variety Westonia, and one were fed the diet incorporating variety Stilleto. Each group was divided into 15 hens experimentally infected with B. intermedia and 10 uninfected controls. The 30 infected hens were housed in individual cages in one room, and the controls were similarly housed in another room. Following administration of cultures of B. intermedia strain HB60 by crop-tube over 3 days, cloacal swabs were taken for spirochaete culture every 3 to 4 days. The water content of caecal faeces, and egg production and body weight were measured weekly. The hens were killed after 4 weeks, the caeca cultured for spirochaetes and the viscosity of the ileal contents measured. A total of 48/120 (40%) of the excreta samples from infected hens fed Westonia contained B. intermedia, compared with 21/120 (17.5%) for Stiletto (P = 0.0002). The ileal viscosity of hens fed Westonia also was higher (P = 0.048), but viscosity was not clearly related to the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content of the wheats. Westonia had a slightly higher total NSP content than Stiletto, but the ratio of soluble to insoluble NSP was lower. Infected hens developed wetter excreta, but neither infection nor diet altered egg production. In conclusion, the wheat variety can influence colonization with B. intermedia, apparently through diet-related alterations in the intestinal microenvironment.
Development of a Rapid and Inexpensive Assay for the Nonspecific Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken Egg Yolks and Neonatal Yolk Sacs (2000)

Competitive exclusion of intestinal pathogens by administration of beneficial and defined cultures of normal intestinal microflora is a safe and effective means of reducing the incidence and severity of chick infections with Salmonella and other intestinal pathogens. It is important that competitive exclusion cultures not carry genetic material (e.g., plasmids), which could transfer antibiotic resistance to other microflora, including pathogens. As such, safe and effective competitive exclusion cultures must be sensitive to commonly used antimicrobial agents. By necessity, intentional or accidental exposure of these beneficial microflora to antibiotics will reduce or eliminate the protection provided by competitive exclusion culture establishment. As antibiotic residues can be present from embryonic, hatchling, or maternal administration, a rapid and sensitive assay for the nonspecific detection of residues, which could interfere with competitive exclusion culture establishment, is needed. This study was conducted to develop a rapid and inexpensive bioassay to detect multiple antimicrobial residues in egg yolk and neonatal yolk sacs. Aerobic bacterial strains with known sensitivity to several antibiotics used by the poultry industry were selected and individually compared for sensitivity to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, and tylosin concentrations in egg yolks. This assay was found to be relatively sensitive for the detection of these antimicrobials, and detection of residues was associated with reduced competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT) establishment in one experiment. Importantly, this assay can be implemented with minimal training or equipment under commercial hatchery practices and could be used to determine embryo groups, in advance of hatch, that are not suitable candidates for competitive exclusion treatment in the hatchery.
5G access-link provisioning and coordination: Tradeoff between proactive and reactive strategies (2015)

We explore the effect of imperfect knowledge on multipoint downlink traffic engineering (TE) (with dynamic point selection DPS) computed centrally and jointly with power control (PC) optimization versus distributed PC techniques. Instead of considering a single metric that shows qualities in a single dimension, we observe both performance and resilience by observing how many users get quality of experience (QoE) — or otherwise, how many users would complain that they do not receive the expected service. We identify that centralized traffic engineering provides the best performance (highest class of service) with distributed power control in a practical (imperfect) network. Although this has a clear drawback as it comes with a low resilience in face of bad service admission. We conclude that fifth generation networks will need to be able to dynamically change optimizing strategies to face different loading of the networks.
Determination of Gas-Phase Ion Structures of Locally Polar Homopolymers Through High-Resolution Ion Mobility Spectrometry–Mass Spectrometry (2019)

The strong synergy arising from coupling two orthogonal analytical techniques such as ion mobility and mass spectrometry can be used to separate complex mixtures and determine structural information of analytes in the gas phase. A tandem study is performed using two systems with different gases and pressures to ascertain gas-phase conformations of homopolymer ions. Aside from spherical and stretched configurations, intermediate configurations formed by a multiply charged globule and a "bead-on-a-string" appendix are confirmed for polyethylene-glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). These intermediate configurations are shown to be ubiquitous for all charge states and masses present. For each charge state, configurations evolve in two distinctive patterns: an inverse evolution which occurs as an elementary charge attached to the polymer leaves the larger globule and incorporates itself into the appendage, and a forward evolution which reduces the globule without relinquishing a charge while leaving the appendix relatively constant. Forward evolutions are confirmed to form self-similar family shapes that transcend charge states for all polymers. Identical structural changes occur at the same mass over charge regardless of the system, gas or pressure strongly suggesting that conformations are only contingent on number of charges and chain length, and start arranging once the ion is at least partially ejected from the droplet, supporting a charge extrusion mechanism. Configurational changes are smoother for PDMS which is attributed to the larger steric hindrance caused by protruding pendant groups. This study has implications in the study of the configurational space of more complex homopolymers and heteropolymers. Graphical Abstract.
Pancreatic Cancer: Recognizing an Hereditary Predisposition (1997)

Although candidate genes for hereditary pancreatic cancer have been identified (Figure 1), namely p16 and BRCA2, pancreatic cancer patients having an inherited predisposition will not be easy to recognize on clinical grounds.
372 HIERARCHY OF INHIBITORY RECEPTOR EXPRESSION BY HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELLS IN CHRONIC HBV INFECTION (2013)

370 WHOLE RECOMBINANT YEAST THERAPEUTIC VACCINE GENERATES HBV X, S, AND CORE ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC RESPONSES IN MURINE AND HUMAN T CELLS T.H. King, A.J. Gehring, A. Bertoletti, Z.Z. Ho, W.E. Delaney, M. Subramanian, J. McHutchison, Z. Guo, Y. Lu, L. U’Ren, D.L. Mann, D. Bellgrau, D. Apelian. Research and Development, GlobeImmune, Inc., Louisville, CO, USA; Infection & Immunity Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*Star), Singapore, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA E-mail: arlenet@globeimmune.com
The Complementary Role of Imaging and Tumor Biomarkersin Gynecological Cancers: An Update of the Literature (2018)

Gynecological tumors, including endometrial, cervical and ovarian cancer, have increased in incidence over time. The widespread introduction of screening programs and advances in diagnostic imaging methods has lead to a progressive increase in gynecological cancer detection. Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of disease remain the primary target for a successful treatment. In the last years, knowledge about cancer biomarkers has considerably increased providing great opportunities for improving cancer detection and treatment. In addition, in the last few years there has been an important development of imaging techniques. Nowadays, a multimodal approach including the evaluation of serum tumor biomarkers combined with imaging techniques, seems to be the best strategy for assessing tumor presence, spread, recurrence, and/or the response to treatment in female cancer patients In this review we provide an overview of the application of biomarkers combined with novel imaging methods and highlight their roles in female cancer diagnosis and follow-up.
Synthesis, characterization, and gas permeation properties of adamantane‐containing polymers of intrinsic microporosity (2017)

ABSTRACT A new bis(catechol) monomer, namely, 4,4′‐((1r,3r)‐adamantane‐2,2‐diyl)bis(benzene‐1,2diol) (THADM) was synthesized by condensation of 2‐adamantanone with veratrole followed by demethylation of the formed (1r,3r)‐2,2‐bis(3,4 dimethoxyphenyl)adamantane. Polycondensation of THADM and various compositions of THADM and 5,5,6′,6′‐tetrahydroxy‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylspirobisindane was performed with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) to obtain the homopolymer and copolymers. These polymers demonstrated good solubility in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran and could be cast into tough films from their chloroform solutions. GPC analysis revealed that number average molecular weights of polymers were in the range 48,100–61,700 g mol −1 , suggesting the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. They possessed intrinsic microporosity with Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area in the range 703–741 m 2 g −1 . Thermogravimetric analysis of polymers indicated that 10% weight loss temperature was in the range 513–518 °C demonstrating their excellent thermal stability. THADM‐based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) showed P(CO 2 ) = 1080, P(O 2 ) = 232 and appreciable selectivity [α(CO 2 /CH 4 ) = 22.6, α(CO 2 /N 2 ) = 26.7, and α(O 2 /N 2 )= 5.7]. The gas permeability measurements revealed that with increase in the content of adamantane units in PIMs, selectivity increased and permeability decreased, following the trade‐off relationship. The gas separation properties of PIMs containing adamantane units were located close to 2008 Robeson upper bound for gas pairs such as CO 2 /CH 4 , CO 2 /N 2 , H 2 /N 2 , and O 2 /N 2 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56 , 16–24
Enhancement of Bone Healing Based on Ex Vivo Gene Therapy Using Human Muscle-Derived Cells Expressing Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (2002)

Molecular biological advances have allowed the use of gene therapy in a clinical setting. In addition, numerous reports have indicated the existence of inducible osteoprogenitor cells in skeletal muscle. Because of this, we hypothesized that skeletal muscle cells might be ideal vehicles for delivery of bone-inductive factors. Using ex vivo gene transfer methods, we genetically engineered freshly isolated human skeletal muscle cells with adenovirus and retrovirus to express human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). These cells were then implanted into nonhealing bone defects (skull defects) in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice. The closure of the defect was monitored grossly and histologically. Mice that received BMP-2-producing human muscle-derived cells experienced a full closure of the defect by 4 to 8 weeks posttransplantation. Remodeling of the newly formed bone was evident histologically during the 4- to 8-week period. When analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, a small fraction of the transplanted human muscle-derived cells was found within the newly formed bone, where osteocytes normally reside. These results indicate that genetically engineered human muscle-derived cells enhance bone healing primarily by delivering BMP-2, while a small fraction of the cells seems to differentiate into osteogenic cells.
Mid-IR gas sensors based on quasi-CW, room-temperature quantum cascade lasers (2000)

Recent advances in room-temperature, high average power mid-IR semiconductor laser sources now permit direct absorption measurements of strong, fundamental vibrational transitions of many important combustion species using compact sources. In particular, the Quantum Cascade (QC) laser technology developed by Lucent Technologies has demonstrated sources between 3.4 and 13 pm, including high average power, single-mode devices at selected wavelengths in this range. Here, we report on initial evaluation of QC laser-based sensors for combustion-generated pollutants using absorption near 5.4 ,um. Absorption sensitivities on the order of 10 ppb-m are demonstrated for NO at room-temperature. Extension of this technology to other combustion-generated pollutant species such as CO and SOx is described.