gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anti‐methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity and synergy of some bioactive plant extracts (2006)

Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of ethanolic extracts of four medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus (rhizome) Hemidesmus indicus (stem), Holarrhena antidysenterica (bark), and Plumbago zeylanica (root), were detected with inhibition zone size ranged from 11 to 44 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied from 0.32 to 3.25 mg/mL. Further, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of above plants demonstrated antibacterial activity. The potency of these fractions based on zone of inhibition and MIC value was relatively higher in P. zeylanica (ethylacetate fraction), followed by acetone fractions of H. indicus, A. calamus, and H. antidysenterica. Time kill assay with most promising fractions of these plant extracts, demonstrated concentration-dependent killing of MRSA within 9-12 h of incubation. Interestingly, synergistic interaction among alcoholic extracts and some fractions of above four plants was evident against MRSA. Further, synergistic interaction of these extracts was detected with one or more antibiotics tested (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and ceftidizime). The findings also validate the traditional uses of above plants against infectious diseases. Phytochemical studies demonstrated flavonoids and phenols as major active constituents. Further investigations are needed to characterize the active principle and its interaction mechanism with antibiotics.
Atlas: a dynamically parallelizing chip-multiprocessor for gigascale integration (2000)

Single-chip multiprocessors are an important research direction for future microprocessors. The stigma of this approach is that many important applications cannot be automatically parallelized. This chapter presents a single-chip multiprocessor that engages aggressive speculation techniques to enable dynamic parallelization of irregular, sequential binaries. Thread speculation (multiscalar execution) and data value prediction are combined to enable the processor to execute dependent threads in parallel. The architecture performs a novel form of dynamic thread partitioning and includes an aggressive correlated value predictor. Several new microarchitectural structures manage inter-thread dependencies. On an eight processor system, simulated execution of SPECint95 binaries delivers a speedup of 3.4 over uniprocessor performance. This improvement is due entirely to the exploitation of dynamically extracted thread level parallelism. Introduction As semiconductor technology pushes towards billions of fast transistors on a chip, interconnect delay and design complexity become critical issues [56][23][84]. The processor architectures popular today exploit Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP). The fundamental ILP techniques in use today were developed in an era when transistor size
Satellite High Speed Downlink Packet Access Physical Layer Performance Analysis (2008)

The high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) system has been investigated for adaptation in the GEO satellite environment in order to achieve high packet user throughput and system efficiency. This paper discusses the performance of the so called satellite-HSDPA (S-HSDPA) system, where the impacts of the power amplifier non-linearity, space time transmit diversity (STTD) and multicode transmission, are examined. The S-HSDPA performance is obtained from simulations of a modified terrestrial HSDPA link simulator in a rich multipath urban environment with three intermediate module repeaters (IMR). The results indicate an appropriate choice of system parameters.
Misestimation of Impedance Values Within a Distribution Network Optimal Power Flow (2023)

Distribution networks are likely to be significantly impacted by the energy transition as numerous flexible agents will be connected there. Management algorithms within these networks are therefore becoming more complex and must consider the physical constraints of the network. However, line impedances in these networks cannot be assumed to be perfectly known, leading to suboptimal management and constraint violations. Considering the Optimal Power Flow as a reference for optimal management, the consequences of these misestimations are here outlined on an illustrative test case. The performed sensitivity studies indicate that the statistical distribution used to describe impedance errors does not influence the results. A combination of decentralized generators and flexible consumers within the same neighborhood limits the impact of misestimated impedances.
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from High Frequency of <i>PIK3R1</i> and <i>PIK3R2</i> Mutations in Endometrial Cancer Elucidates a Novel Mechanism for Regulation of PTEN Protein Stability (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-6 from High Frequency of &lt;i&gt;PIK3R1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;PIK3R2&lt;/i&gt; Mutations in Endometrial Cancer Elucidates a Novel Mechanism for Regulation of PTEN Protein Stability
Deposition of Small Organic Molecules by the Displacement of Two Immiscible Supercritical Phases (2006)

A new coating process is described (deposition from two immiscible supercritical phases, or DISP) in which a solution of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) with a desired solute is displaced by supercritical helium (scHe). After depressurization, the solute is deposited on substrates initially submerged in the coating solvent. Micron-sized particles and thin films of sucrose octaacetate (SOA) were formed on silicon wafer substrate coupons from DISP at relatively low temperatures and pressures (< or = 6500 psi and < or = 60 degrees C). The particle size, film thickness, and morphology of SOA were characterized as a function of coating conditions-solution concentrations, withdrawal velocities, and pressures. Particles in the range of 1-14 microm in diameter were deposited at low solute concentrations (< or = 0.2 wt % at 4500 psi), whereas films in the range of 0.1-0.5 microm in thickness were deposited at higher solute concentrations (> or = 1.5 wt % at 4500 psi). Particle sizes decreased with increasing displacement velocity and increasing pressure. Estimates of characteristic times for diffusion and nucleation indicate that DISP is a diffusion-limited process. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize film morphology, including defect formations and film roughness. Highly uniform films with low root-mean-square (RMS) roughness (approximately 10 angstroms) were obtained at a low displacement velocity of 0.0035 cm/s, while ring-like defect structures were observed in films deposited at a higher displacement velocity of 0.035 cm/s. The film thickness and morphology of the films deposited from DISP were compared with films from normal dip coating with typical organic solvents (acetone and toluene). Films deposited from scCO2 by DISP were much thicker, more uniform, and exhibited much fewer drying defects and lower RMS roughness compared with films from the organic solvents.
Prey Refuges in Emergent Vegetation Enhance Diving Beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Diversity in Urban Ponds in the Presence of Predatory Fish (2021)

Abstract Aquatic plants are important prey refugia for aquatic organisms, and their species richness is positively related with aquatic invertebrate species richness. Yet, little is known about how the quantity of refugia, i.e. aquatic vegetation cover, affect aquatic invertebrate assemblages and their habitat use in different levels of predation risks. Here, we investigated how provision of refugia affects diving beetle (Dytiscidae) species richness and abundance in the presence and absence of fish predators. We found that plant cover affected dytiscid populations differently: (1) At the pond level, dytiscid presence was positively correlated with increasing plant cover, both with and without fish, indicating the importance of emergent plants for aquatic biodiversity. (2) At the microhabitat level, dytiscid species richness and abundance responded positively to increasing plant cover in ponds with fish, but there was no such relationship in fishless ponds, emphasizing that the level of predation risks can alter prey species’ use of prey refugia. Our findings provide evidence that the availability of both vegetated and non-vegetated microhabitats can benefit a diversity of aquatic invertebrates. We suggest maintaining variation in provision of emergent plant cover to retain high habitat heterogeneity in urban ponds to enhance freshwater biodiversity.
Correlation Canceling-Type Feedback Canceler Based on Decision-Directed Pilot Symbols for T-DMB Repeaters (2012)

This paper presents a novel correlation canceling-type feedback canceler based on decision-directed pilot symbols for a terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) on-channel repeater (OCR). In order to guarantee an additional isolation of the OCR, two types of the feedback cancelers have been investigated: a correlation canceling (CC)-type feedback canceler and a frequency-domain channel estimation (FDCE)-type feedback canceler. While both of the feedback cancelers suppress the feedback signal effectively, they can operate complementarily each other with their own respective advantages. To achieve these complementary properties of the two types of feedback cancelers, we adopt a CC-type feedback canceling structure based on the frequency-domain estimated pilot symbols. The proposed feedback canceler improves the feedback channel estimation accuracy of the conventional CC-type feedback canceler as well as increases the channel estimation speed of the conventional FDCE-type feedback canceler. Simulation results show that the proposed feedback canceler has better feedback canceling performance and tracking ability for dynamic feedback channels.
Noise Performance of a Precision Pulsed Electromagnet Power Supply for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008)

Prepolarized magnetic resonance imaging (PMRI) uses two pulsed electromagnets to achieve high-field image quality with the benefits of low-field data acquisition. The principal challenge with all resistive MRI systems is the implementation of a highly precise magnet current supply. The noise current through the magnet is fundamentally limited by the current transducer used to provide feedback and the voltage reference used to generate the demand signal. Field instability in the main field magnet can both corrupt the received data and degrade the robustness of Carr¿Purcell¿Meiboom¿Gill (CPMG) echo trains, which are paramount to efficient imaging in PMRI. In this work, we present the magnet control system that achieved sufficient field stability for PMRI at $0.5/0.13$ T, identify the dominant sources of noise in the control system, examine the imaging artifacts that can occur if the field stability is insufficient, and identify how the design can be improved for better field stability, should it be required for future implementations of PMRI.
Bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) Carbonate (2001)

[7497-12-3] C13H6N4O11 (MW 394.21)





InChI = 1S/C13H6N4O11/c18-13(27-11-3-1-7(14(19)20)5-9(11)16(23)24)28-12-4-2-8(15(21)22)6-10(12)17(25)26/h1-6H



InChIKey = VJAMBZRWYAAZSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N



(peptide and azapeptide coupling reagent that functions by activating amines, forming derivatives suitable for condensation with N-protected amino acids;1-4 converts carboxylic acids to activated esters2)



Alternate Names: carbonic acid bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) ester; 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2,4-dinitrophenoxyformate.



Physical Data: yellow solid, mp 130–131 °C,5 mp 148 °C;2 hygroscopic; X-ray structure.6



Solubility: sol EtOAc, pyridine, DMF, CHCl3; moderately sol benzene; insol hexane; dec hot H2O, EtOH.



Preparative Method: diphenyl carbonate (20 g) is added to a stirred mixture of conc HNO3 (100 mL) and conc H2SO4 (120 mL) at 50–55 °C over 1 h. The resulting suspension is stirred at 50 °C for 3 h, left at rt for 90 h and poured onto ice. The precipitate is washed with iced water and dried in vacuo over P2O5. This affords bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) carbonate (31.2 g, 85%) which recrystallizes from hexane/benzene giving crystals, mp 144–146 °C.3



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store in a cool dry place to preclude contact with moisture; the hazardous and toxicological properties have not been investigated; may explode if heated rapidly.
A Note on Jet Streaks in Hydroentangled Nonwovens (2005)

Hydroentanglement is the fastest growing bonding method in the nonwoven arena. Its strengths are good fabric aesthetics, and the lack of any complex binder chemistry with its inherent environmental concerns. Hydroentanglement is used for mechanically bonding both staple and filament nonwovens as well as being used for post-treatment of fabrics. As hydroentangling uses fine, closely spaced, high-speed waterjets, they create ridges or streaks that are quite visible to the naked eye. This may be undesirable if it interferes with other textures on the surface or if a smooth flat surface is desired. This study reports on methodology used for the analysis of jet streaks using texture-based methods.
General Strategy for the Bioorthogonal Incorporation of Strongly Absorbing, Solvation-Sensitive Infrared Probes into Proteins (2014)

A high-sensitivity metal-carbonyl-based IR probe is described that can be incorporated into proteins or other biomolecules in very high yield via Click chemistry. A two-step strategy is demonstrated. First, a methionine auxotroph is used to incorporate the unnatural amino acid azidohomoalanine at high levels. Second, a tricarbonyl (η(5)-cyclopentadienyl) rhenium(I) probe modified with an alkynyl linkage is coupled via the Click reaction. We demonstrate these steps using the C-terminal domain of the ribosomal protein L9 as a model system. An overall incorporation level of 92% was obtained at residue 109, which is a surface-exposed residue. Incorporation of the probe into a surface site is shown not to perturb the stability or structure of the target protein. Metal carbonyls are known to be sensitive to solvation and protein electrostatics through vibrational lifetimes and frequency shifts. We report that the frequencies and lifetimes of this probe also depend on the isotopic composition of the solvent. Comparison of the lifetimes measured in H2O versus D2O provides a probe of solvent accessibility. The metal carbonyl probe reported here provides an easy and robust method to label very large proteins with an amino-acid-specific tag that is both environmentally sensitive and a very strong absorber.
Conceptual framework for the thermal process modelling of fused deposition (1996)

Explains the fused deposition process and examines the rationale behind the cooling process model. Outlines the complexity of the problems and characteristics of fused deposition. Presents a general formulation for road cooling followed by results and their implications. Concludes with proposed directions for future work.
Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation in Children Provide Protective Influenza Vaccine Responses (2022)

The most effective intervention for influenza prevention is vaccination. However, there are conflicting data on influenza vaccine antibody responses in obese children. Cardio-metabolic parameters such as waist circumference, cholesterol, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure are used to subdivide individuals with overweight or obese BMI into 'healthy' (MHOO) or 'unhealthy' (MUOO) metabolic phenotypes. The ever-evolving metabolic phenotypes in children may be elucidated by using vaccine stimulation to characterize cytokine responses. We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating influenza vaccine responses in children. Participants were identified as either normal-weight children (NWC) or overweight/obese using BMI. Children with obesity were then characterized using metabolic health metrics. These metrics consisted of changes in serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations measured via multiplex assay at baseline and repeated at one month following vaccination. Changes in NWC, MHOO and MUOO were compared using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test for antibody responses and Kruskal-Wallis test for cytokines. Differences in influenza antibody responses in normal, MHOO and MUOO children were statistically indistinguishable. IL-13 was decreased in MUOO children compared to NWC and MHOO children (<i>p</i> = 0.04). IL-10 approached a statistically significant decrease in MUOO compared to MHOO and NWC (<i>p</i> = 0.07). Influenza vaccination does not provoke different responses in NCW, MHOO, or MUOO children, suggesting that obesity, whether metabolically healthy or unhealthy, does not alter the efficacy of vaccination. IL-13 levels in MUO children were significantly different from levels in normal and MHOO children, indicating that the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes may be associated with an altered inflammatory response. A larger sample size with greater numbers of metabolically unhealthy children may lend more insight into the relationship of chronic inflammation secondary to obesity with vaccine immunity.
Chalcogenides of aluminium(III) and gallium(III) derived from Lewis base adducts of alane and gallane (1998)

Reductive cleavage of (ER)2 by [GaH3L], L = NMe3 or P(C6H11)3, afforded [Ga(TePh)3(NMe3)], [Ga(SeEt)3(NMe3)] and [Ga(TePh)3{P(C6H11)3}]; the latter was also prepared by the reaction of [GaH2Cl{P(C6H11)3}] with LiTePh. They have slightly disordered tetrahedral metal centres, established in the solid for [Ga(TePh)3(NMe3)] and [Ga(TePh)3{P(C6H11)3}], and in the structure of the aluminium analogue, [Al(SePh)3(NMe3)], which was also determined. Reaction of [GaH2Cl{P(C6H11)3}] with Li2Se afforded dinuclear trans-[{GaCl(µ-Se)[P(C6H11)3]}2] (minor product) which is centrosymmetric with distorted tetrahedral metal centres associated with a planar Ga2Se2 ring system. Treatment of trans-[{AlH(µ-Se)(NMe3)}2] with tmen (=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine), or [{AlH3(tmen)}∞] with elemental selenium, afforded polymeric [{[AlH(µ-Se)]2(tmen)}∞]. Cleavage of (EPh)2 by trans-[{AlH(µ-Se)(NMe3)}2] gave trans-[{Al(µ-Se)(EPh)(NMe3)}2], E = S, Se or Te, also as centrosymmetric dinuclear species with planar Al2Se2 ring systems. Reaction of trans-[{AlH(µ-Se)(NMe3)}2] with 2 equivalents of NH(SiMe3)2 or 6-methyl-2-trimethylsilylaminopyridine gave the secondary amine metallated products trans-[{Al(µ-Se)[N(SiMe3)2](NMe3)}2] (structurally authenticated as a centrosymmetric dinuclear species) and [{Al(µ-Se)(NC5H3NSiMe3-2-Me-6)}2].
Agile Co-Design for a Reconfigurable Datacenter (2016)

In 2015, a team of software and hardware developers at Microsoft shipped the world?s first commercial search engine accelerated using FPGAs in the datacenter. During the sprint to production, new algorithms in the Bing ranking service were ported into FPGAs and deployed to a production bed within several weeks of conception, leading to significant gains in latency and throughput. The fast turnaround time of new features demanded by an agile software culture would not have been possible without a disciplined and effective approach to co-design in the datacenter. This talk will describe some of the learnings and best practices developed from this unique experience.
Resilient X10 over MPI user level failure mitigation (2016)

Many PGAS languages and libraries rely on high performance transport layers such as GASNet and MPI to achieve low communication latency, portability and scalability. As systems increase in scale, failures are expected to become normal events rather than exceptions. Unfortunately, GASNet and standard MPI do not pro- vide fault tolerance capabilities. This limitation hinders PGAS languages and other high-level programming models from supporting resilience at scale. For this reason, Resilient X10 has previously been supported over sockets only, not over MPI. This paper describes the use of a fault tolerant MPI implementation, called ULFM (User Level Failure Mitigation), as a transport layer for Resilient X10. By providing fault tolerant collective and agreement algorithms, on demand failure propagation, and support for InfiniBand, ULFM provides the required infrastructure to create a high performance transport layer for Resilient X10. We show that replacing X10’s emulated collectives with ULFM’s blocking collectives results in significant performance improvements. For three iterative SPMD-style applications running on 1000 X10 places, the improvement ranged between 30% and 51%. The per-step overhead for resilience was less than 9%. A proposal for adding ULFM to the coming MPI-4 standard is currently under assessment by the MPI Forum. Our results show that adding user-level fault tolerance support in MPI makes it a suitable base for resilience in high-level programming models.
Genomic Correlates of Immune-Cell Infiltrates in Colorectal Carcinoma (2016)

Large-scale genomic characterization of tumors from prospective cohort studies may yield new insights into cancer pathogenesis. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 619 incident colorectal cancers (CRCs) and integrated the results with tumor immunity, pathology, and survival data. We identified recurrently mutated genes in CRC, such as BCL9L, RBM10, CTCF, and KLF5, that were not previously appreciated in this disease. Furthermore, we investigated the genomic correlates of immune-cell infiltration and found that higher neoantigen load was positively associated with overall lymphocytic infiltration, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), memory T cells, and CRC-specific survival. The association with TILs was evident even within microsatellite-stable tumors. We also found positive selection of mutations in HLA genes and other components of the antigen-processing machinery in TIL-rich tumors. These results may inform immunotherapeutic approaches in CRC. More generally, this study demonstrates a framework for future integrative molecular epidemiology research in colorectal and other malignancies.
The “central vein sign” in patients with diagnostic “red flags” for multiple sclerosis: A prospective multicenter 3T study (2019)

The CVS detected on 3T FLAIR* images can accurately predict an MS diagnosis in patients suspected to have MS, but with atypical clinical, laboratory, and imaging features.
Simulation of lateral ion migration during electroforming process (2021)

Non-volatile memory devices have received a lot of interest in both industry and academia in the last decade. Transition metal oxide-based memories offer potential applications as universal memory and artificial synapses. Here we focus on the one-time conditioning of metal / oxide / metal structures leading to the formation of a conducting filament in TiN/TaxO1-x/TiN structures and develop a finite element model of this process. Model solved coupled equations for charge, heat, and mass transport with the last one including concentration, temperature, and stress gradients as driving forces. The results closely replicated available structural data such as diameter and composition of Ta-enriched core of the filament, O-enriched ring around it, and the dynamics of filament formation. The range of critical material parameters, namely heats of transport for Ta and O, is discussed.
Record Surface State Mobility and Quantum Hall Effect in Topological Insulator Thin Films via Interface Engineering (2015)

Material defects remain as the main bottleneck to the progress of topological insulators (TIs). In particular, efforts to achieve thin TI samples with dominant surface transport have always led to increased defects and degraded mobilities, thus making it difficult to probe the quantum regime of the topological surface states. Here, by utilizing a novel buffer layer scheme composed of an In2Se3/(Bi0.5In0.5)2Se3 heterostructure, we introduce a quantum generation of Bi2Se3 films with an order of magnitude enhanced mobilities than before. This scheme has led to the first observation of the quantum Hall effect in Bi2Se3.