gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Green Chelating Agent and Corrosion Inhibitor on Foam Rheology and Stability at High Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity (2022)

Summary This research fills the gap in understanding the impact of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) and a chelating agent on the rheology and stability of foam under harsh conditions. In this regard, a modified high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) foam rheometer and HPHT foam analyzer were used to investigate foam rheology and stability at 1,000 psi and 120 to 150°C with carbon dioxide (CO2) in the gas phase. Surfactant screening showed that Duomeen TTM and Armovis are thermally stable at high temperature and high water salinity and thus were used in this study. The liquid phase generally contained produced water (PW) (total dissolved solids ~ 24,611 ppm), 15 wt% chelating agent [L-glutamic acid-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA)], and 1 wt% surfactant with and without a CI. First, we screened the viscosity and stability of Duomeen TTM and Armovis; the results showed that Duomeen TTM has a higher viscosity (at least by 82%) at a low shear rate, but both have similar viscosity at a higher shear rate. However, Armovis produced more stable foam. Once the GLDA was added to the Duomeen TTM solution, the viscosity increased significantly by 135% at a high shear rate (1,000–1,500). For the Armovis system, the viscosity improved by 77% and 68% at the low and high shear rates by adding GLDA. Additionally, foam stability was improved remarkably in both systems; half-life time almost doubled. Finally, we reported the effect of CI on the fluid systems, showing it considerably reduced the foam viscosity and stability. It reduced the half-life of the Armovis system by 79.4% and hindered the generation of foam for the Duomeen TTM system. A detailed discussion of foam properties, such as foamability, bubble count, and bubble radius, is provided. This study provides a wide-ranging understanding of additives’ impact on stimulating foam stability at HPHT.
Diagnosis-to-ablation time predicts recurrent atrial fibrillation and rehospitalization following catheter ablation (2021)

Increasing duration between AF diagnosis and catheter ablation is associated with higher AF recurrence rates and all-cause hospitalization. Our findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of prioritizing early restoration of sinus rhythm.
Changes in the Expression of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) of Proliferating Rat Parotid Acinar Cells (1998)

Tissue morphogenesis, development, and maintenance of function are mediated by signals generated through the composition of the extracellular matrix. The regulation of the composition of matrix is determined by enzymes specific for their degradation, the matrix metalloproteinases. Chronic injections of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, result in a non-neoplastic hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the rat parotid gland. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases, as measured by gelatin zymography and enzymatic digestion of Azocoll substrates by gland lysates, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) following 24 hrs of agonist treatment, and slowly recovered to control values by 6 days of treatment. Daily administration of the broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Galardin for 3 days in combination with isoproterenol resulted in enhanced gland hypertrophy compared with that produced by isoproterenol alone. Given alone, Galardin also caused hypertrophy. The relative abundance of mRNA for the extracellular matrix molecules, collagens I and III and fibronectin, declined rapidly following the initiation of beta-agonist treatment in vivo, while laminin B1 and B2 mRNA levels increased initially before declining below control levels. These changes in patterns of mRNA levels also were observed in the concentrations of glandular protein when Western dot blot analysis of collagens I and III and laminin, respectively, was used. The importance of laminin, in vivo, was demonstrated by coinjection of anti-laminin antibody along with isoproterenol, which resulted in the inhibition of beta-agonist-induced parotid gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia. These data suggest that modulation of the ECM is associated with isoproterenol-induced salivary gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia. It is likely that this modulation of the ECM takes place through transcriptional regulation of some ECM genes and regulation of matrix-degrading enzyme activity.
[1-Penicillamine,2-leucine]oxytocin. Synthesis and pharmacological and conformational studies of a potent peptide hormone inhibitor (1979)

[1-Penicillamine,2-leucine]oxytocin was synthesized by the solid-phase method of peptide synthesis and purified by partition chromatography on Sephadex G-25, followed by gel filtration. The peptide was found to be a very potent competitive inhibitor of oxytocin in the oxytocic assay with a pA2 of 7.14 and an inhibitor of oxytocin in the milk-ejecting assay. The compound showed no agonist activity in either of these assays, and its inhibitory activity at the uterus was of prolonged duration. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectral properties and the 13C T1 (spin-lattice) relaxation times of [Pen1,Leu2]oxytocin were determined, and the results were compared with previous studies of [Pen1]oxytocin, a related competitive inhibitor, and oxytocin, the native hormone agonist. These studies indicated that the hormone inhibitors [Pen1,Leu2]oxytocin and [Pen1]oxytocin have similar conformational and dynamic properties which are different than those of the agonist, oxytocin.
Watermarking and Streaming Compressed Video (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for watermarking compressed video for streaming. The proposed method performs motion compensated watermarking. There are two consequences of this; first we see that the impact of the watermark on the final bitrate is negligible, and the proposed method has inherent robustness to mild packet losses in the channel. Experimental results show that the proposed method operates at lower distortion levels and has higher watermark detection rates compared to current watermarking methods. We observe 20% bitrate reduction for the same watermark detection rate. We also show that when data partitioning is used over a packet loss channel the proposed method performs at acceptable watermark detection rates.
The Biological Efficacy Profile of a Chemically Modified Recombinant Factor VIII Molecule, (2011)

Abstract Abstract 3324 Prophylactic administration of anti-hemophilic factor concentrates can prevent bleeding and limit the complications of hemophilia. The current regimes for prophylaxis require factor concentrates to be administered frequently. This need for frequent venipuncture poses one of the major barriers to more widespread use of prophylaxis. Development of drugs with a longer circulating half-life and duration of action would be beneficial in reducing this requirement and result in less demanding treatment regimes. In this study the duration of the effect of a chemically modified recombinant factor VIII based on the ADVATE™ manufacturing process (CMrFVIII) in comparison to unmodified ADVATE™ (rFVIII) was determined in a murine model of hemophilic joint bleeding. CMrFVIII and rFVIII were infused at a concentration of 280 IU/Kg at specified time points prior to joint injury to induce hemarthrosis. Animals were sacrificed three days following injury and assessed for the presence of blood in the joint. CMrFVIII and rFVIII both prevented bleeding, assessed by the total bleeding score (TBS). Pretreatment with CMrFVIII protected against bleeding more effectively compared to rFVIII at all time points assessed after 24 hours (figure). 17% of mice pretreated with CMrFVIII had bleeding at 72 hours compared to 100% of those pretreated with rFVIII. Our data indicate that the effective duration of action in protecting against joint bleeding was longer after prophylaxis with CMrFVIII compared to rFVIII. This mouse model is an inexpensive, rapid and reliable tool to assess new factor concentrates in clinical development for hemophilia. Disclosures: Valentino: Baxter Bioscience, Bayer Healthcare, GTC Biotherapeutics, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, CSL Behring, Inspiration Bioscience, and Biogen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Scheiflinger:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Muchitsch:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
In Vitro Monitoring of Poly(ortho ester) Degradation by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (2003)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging was applied to investigate further the in vitro degradation process of poly(ortho esters) containing 30 mol % lactic acid units in the polymer backbone (POE70LA30) and developed for controlled drug delivery. The objective of this study was the direct and continuous determination of pH values inside the degrading POE70LA30. pH-sensitive nitroxide spin probes 4-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-1-yloxy, 2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethylimidazolidine-1-yloxy, and 2,2,4,5,5-pentamethyl-3-imidazoline-1-yloxy were calibrated in buffer solutions in order to cover a pH range between 1.0 and 8.0. Nitroxide spin probes were incorporated in POE70LA30, and polymer samples were incubated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. At selected times, polymer samples were removed for the determination of pH values inside the eroding POE70LA30 by EPR at a frequency of 9.4 GHz. EPR imaging showed that the in vitro degradation of POE70LA30 followed a two-phase process: in the first week of incubation, diffusion of water, and in consequence polymer degradation, were limited to the surface of the hydrophobic POE70LA30 where pH values between 6.0 and 7.4 were measured. After 1 week of incubation, water diffused into the core of the sample, allowing the determination of pH values inside the eroding POE70LA30 until complete erosion. Results indicated the formation of a pH gradient, with the most acidic environment inside the eroding sample where the lowest pH value of 3.8 was measured and higher pH at the surface. It was also possible to observe a polymer erosion front moving down within the polymer matrix in the course of time. The pH value of 3.8 measured inside the degrading POE70LA30 remained constant until polymer samples disintegrated at day 23, where no EPR signal was detectable. In conclusion, EPR imaging allows the noninvasive spatially resolved observation of pH changes within POE70LA30, and results confirmed that the in vitro erosion mechanism of POE70LA30 was neither bulk erosion nor pure surface erosion.
Cost analysis for elastic optical networking: Single channel vs. multi channels (2012)

Elastic optical networking (EON) equipped with multiple modulation formats has recently emerged as a promising solution to flexible provisioning in optical networks. To overcome the limit of high-order modulation formats for long distance transmission, traffic can be split and carried by multiple channels, with each modulated at lower rates. However, the flexibility offered by EON and its multi-channel variant comes with a higher cost for extra hardware components (e.g., laser and modulator array). This paper studies the single- and multi- channel EON schemes from a cost effectiveness point of view, with comparison to the conventional 40/100G provisioning scheme based on the ITU-T grid. We first propose and discuss the hardware module implementation of the EON schemes. By decomposing the hardware module into mechanics and electrical, analog/digital conversion, and optics, we propose cost models for each part based on current and historical market data. Two key metrics, hardware cost and traffic-share cost, are calculated and analyzed. We show that the hardware cost based on the proposed model well matches the market trend. Also, the result indicates that the two EON schemes, though are more expensive due to hardware complexity, can effectively reduce the traffic-share cost according to our simulation of a network-wide provisioning scenario. In particular, the multi-channel EON can reduce the traffic-share cost by up to 21.1% from the single-channel EON in the investigated scenarios, achieving the highest cost effectiveness among the three schemes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stille Couplings with Fluorous Tin Reactants: Attractive Features for Preparative Organic Synthesis and Liquid‐Phase Combinatorial Synthesis. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RNA‐Mediated Inhibition of HIV in a Gene Therapy Setting (2003)

At present, treatment for HIV-1 infection employs highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), which utilizes a combination of RT and protease inhibitors. Unfortunately, HIV can escape many therapies because of its high mutation rate and the complexity of its pathogenesis. HIV-1 integrates into the cellular genome, which facilitates persistence and acts as a reservoir for reactivation and replication. As an alternative or adjuvant to chemotherapy we have been developing an RNA-based gene therapy approach for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. This article summarizes the various RNA based technologies that we have developed for potential application in a gene therapy setting.
Tip of the Quantum Entropy Cone (2023)

Relations among von Neumann entropies of different parts of an N-partite quantum system have direct impact on our understanding of diverse situations ranging from spin systems to quantum coding theory and black holes. Best formulated in terms of the set Σ_{N}^{*} of possible vectors comprising the entropies of the whole and its parts, the famous strong subaddivity inequality constrains its closure Σ[over ¯]_{N}^{*}, which is a convex cone. Further homogeneous constrained inequalities are also known. In this Letter we provide (nonhomogeneous) inequalities that constrain Σ_{N}^{*} near the apex (the vector of zero entropies) of Σ[over ¯]_{N}^{*}, in particular showing that Σ_{N}^{*} is not a cone for N≥3. Our inequalities apply to vectors with certain entropy constraints saturated and, in particular, they show that while it is always possible to upscale an entropy vector to arbitrary integer multiples it is not always possible to downscale it to arbitrarily small size, thus answering a question posed by Winter.
Controlled-Resonant Surface Tapping-Mode Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2014)

This paper reports on the advancement of a controlled-resonant surface tapping-mode single capillary liquid junction extraction/ESI emitter for mass spectrometry imaging. The basic instrumental setup and the general operation of the system were discussed, and optimized performance metrics were presented. The ability to spot sample, lane scan, and chemically image in an automated and controlled fashion were demonstrated. Rapid, automated spot sampling was demonstrated for a variety of compound types, including the cationic dye basic blue 7, the oligosaccharide cellopentaose, and the protein equine heart cytochrome c. The system was used for lane scanning and chemical imaging of the cationic dye crystal violet in inked lines on glass and for lipid distributions in mouse brain thin tissue sections. Imaging of the lipids in mouse brain tissue under optimized conditions provided a spatial resolution of approximately 35 μm based on the ability to distinguish between features observed both in the optical and mass spectral chemical images. The sampling spatial resolution of this system was comparable to the best resolution that has been reported for other types of atmospheric pressure liquid extraction-based surface sampling/ionization techniques used for mass spectrometry imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of Electrophile‐Promoted Cyclizations of γ‐Hydroxyalkenes. An Investigation of Carbohydrate‐Derived and Model Substrates. (1988)

Abstract Ring closure of γ‐hydroxy or γ‐alkoxyalkenes such as (I) and (IV) is induced by the electrophilic reagents (II) under various conditions, yielding tetrahydrofuran derivatives such as (III) and (V).
C3 Activation Products, C3 Containing Immune Complexes, the Terminal Complement Complex and Native C9 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1991)

Complement activation products, C9 and C3-containing circulating immune complexes (CIC), were evaluated in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis. C3 activation products and the fluid phase terminal complement complex were considerably elevated in SF from RA patients reaching levels five- to eighttimes that in plasma, consistant with a local activation of the whole cascade in the joints. The results emphazise the importance of detecting C3 activation by neoepitope expression instead of single fragment determinations. The concentration of native C9 was lower in synovial fluid compared with plasma, consistant with the excessive local complement activation. Increased CIC levels which correlated with the degree of complement activation were also found in the SF from the RA patients.
SCANN: Side Channel Analysis of Spiking Neural Networks (2023)

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are quickly gaining traction as a viable alternative to deep neural networks (DNNs). Compared to DNNs, SNNs are computationally more powerful and energy efficient. The design metrics (synaptic weights, membrane threshold, etc.) chosen for such SNN architectures are often proprietary and constitute confidential intellectual property (IP). Our study indicates that SNN architectures implemented using conventional analog neurons are susceptible to side channel attack (SCA). Unlike the conventional SCAs that are aimed to leak private keys from cryptographic implementations, SCANN (SCA̲ of spiking n̲eural n̲etworks) can reveal the sensitive IP implemented within the SNN through the power side channel. We demonstrate eight unique SCANN attacks by taking a common analog neuron (axon hillock neuron) as the test case. We chose this particular model since it is biologically plausible and is hence a good fit for SNNs. Simulation results indicate that different synaptic weights, neurons/layer, neuron membrane thresholds, and neuron capacitor sizes (which are the building blocks of SNN) yield distinct power and spike timing signatures, making them vulnerable to SCA. We show that an adversary can use templates (using foundry-calibrated simulations or fabricating known design parameters in test chips) and analysis to identify the specifications of the implemented SNN.
The Response Regulator PhoP Is Important for Survival under Conditions of Macrophage-Induced Stress and Virulence in Yersinia pestis (2000)

The two-component regulatory system PhoPQ has been identified in many bacterial species. However, the role of PhoPQ in regulating virulence gene expression in pathogenic bacteria has been characterized only in Salmonella species. We have identified, cloned, and sequenced PhoP orthologues from Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica. To investigate the role of PhoP in the pathogenicity of Y. pestis, an isogenic phoP mutant was constructed by using a reverse-genetics PCR-based strategy. The protein profiles of the wild-type and phoP mutant strains, grown at either 28 or 37 degrees C, revealed more than 20 differences, indicating that PhoP has pleiotrophic effects on gene expression in Y. pestis. The mutant showed a reduced ability to survive in J774 macrophage cell cultures and under conditions of low pH and oxidative stress in vitro. The mean lethal dose of the phoP mutant in mice was increased 75-fold in comparison with that of the wild-type strain, indicating that the PhoPQ system plays a key role in regulating the virulence of Y. pestis.
Cooperative dynamics in a class of coupled two-dimensional oscillators (2003)

We study a system of globally coupled two-dimensional nonlinear oscillators [using the two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) as a prototype for a single element] each of which can undergo a saddle-node bifurcation characterized by the disappearance of the stable minima in its potential energy function. This transition from fixed point solutions to spontaneous oscillations is controlled by external bias parameters, including the coupling coefficient. For the deterministic case, an extension of a center-manifold reduction, carried out earlier for the single oscillator, yields an oscillation frequency that depends on the coupling; the frequency decreases with coupling strength and/or the number of oscillators. In the presence of noise, a mean-field description leads to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation for the system which is investigated for experimentally realistic noise levels. Furthermore, we apply a weak external time-sinusoidal probe signal to each oscillator and use the resulting (classical) resonance to determine the underlying frequency of the noisy system. This leads to an explanation of earlier experimental results as well as the possibility of designing a more sensitive SQUID-based detection system.
Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex sequesters polymerization and restrains catalytic function of human acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 2 (2013)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is an isoform of ACC functioning as a negative regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation. Spot14, a thyroid hormone responsive protein, and Mig12, a Spot14 paralog, have recently been identified as regulators of fatty acid synthesis targeting ACC1, a distinctive subtype of ACC. Here, we examined whether Spot14/Mig12 modulates ACC2. Nanoscale protein topography mapped putative protein-protein interactions between purified human Spot14/Mig12 and ACC2, validated by functional assays. Human ACC2 displayed consistent enzymatic activity, and homogeneous particle distribution was probed by atomic force microscopy. Citrate-induced polymerization and enzymatic activity of ACC2 were restrained by the addition of the recombinant Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex but only partially by the oligo-heterocomplex, demonstrating that the heterocomplex is a designated metabolic inhibitor of human ACC2. Moreover, Spot14/Mig12 demonstrated a sequestering role preventing an initial ACC2 nucleation step during filamentous polymer formation. Thus, the Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex controls human ACC2 polymerization and catalytic function, emerging as a previously unrecognized molecular regulator in catalytic lipid metabolism.
Learning slip behavior using automatic mechanical supervision (2007)

We address the problem of learning terrain traversability properties from visual input, using automatic mechanical supervision collected from sensors onboard an autonomous vehicle. We present a novel probabilistic framework in which the visual information and the mechanical supervision interact to learn particular terrain types and their properties. The proposed method is applied to learning of rover slippage from visual information in a completely automatic fashion. Our experiments show that using mechanical measurements as automatic supervision significantly improves the visual-based classification alone and approaches the results of learning with manual supervision. This work will enable the rover to drive safely on slopes, learning autonomously about different terrains and their slip characteristics.