gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Similarity of the Properties of Conventional Periodic Structures with Metamaterial Slow Wave Structures (2021)

A study of the evolution of wave dispersion in systems of all-metallic periodic structures with increasing corrugation depth shows a similarity of the properties of waves in metamaterial slow wave structures (MSWSs) and traditional metallic slow wave structures (SWSs) used in high-power microwave (HPM) sources. This chapter aims to identify MSWSs with novel dispersion characteristics for use in HPM source concepts. It explores the effects of increasing corrugation depth on conventional periodic SWSs using HFSS. It is shown that using direct asymptotic analysis makes it possible to recover an effective surface impedance model directly from Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, without assuming infinitely thin corrugations, it is shown that effective impedance is a subwavelength phenomenon. The characteristic feature of MTMs is the coupling of macroscopic fields through structurally generated subwavelength resonance.
Direct observation of the ultrafast electron transfer process in a polymer/fullerene blend (2000)

We excite conjugated polymer-fullerene blends with sub-10-fs optical pulses. The photoinduced charge transfer process is directly monitored in the time domain, obtaining a forward electron transfer time constant of 45 fs.
Three dimensional laser microfabrication in diamond using a dual adaptive optics system (2011)

Femtosecond laser fabrication of controlled three dimensional structures deep in the bulk of diamond is facilitated by a dual adaptive optics system. A deformable mirror is used in parallel with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to compensate the extreme aberrations caused by the refractive index mismatch between the diamond and the objective immersion medium. It is shown that aberration compensation is essential for the generation of controlled micron-scale features at depths greater than 200 μm, and the dual adaptive optics approach demonstrates increased fabrication efficiency relative to experiments using a single adaptive element.
Coherent J/ψ photoproduction at forward rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV (2019)

The ALICE collaboration performed the first rapidity-differential measurement of coherent J/ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy s NN = 5.02 TeV. The J/ is detected via its dimuon decay in the forward rapidity region (-4.0 < y < -2.5) for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 750 b -1 . The cross section for coherent J/ production is presented in six rapidity bins. The results are compared with theoretical models for coherent J/ photoproduction. These comparisons indicate that gluon shadowing effects play a role in the photoproduction process. The ratio of to J/ coherent photoproduction cross sections was measured and found to be consistent with that measured for photoproduction off protons.
Spin Infection Enables Efficient Gene Delivery to Muscle Stem Cells (2017)

Viral vector-mediated foreign gene expression in cultured cells has been extensively used in stem cell studies to explore gene function. However, it is difficult to obtain high-quality stem cells and primary cells after viral vector infection. Here, we describe a new protocol for high-efficiency retroviral infection of primary muscle stem cell (satellite cell) cultures. We compared multiple commercially available transfection reagents to determine which was optimal for retroviral infections of primary myoblasts. Centrifugation force was also tested, and a spin infection protocol with centrifugation at 2800 × g for 90 min had the highest infection efficiency for primary myoblasts. We confirmed that infected muscle stem cells maintain cell proliferation and the capacity for in vitro and in vivo myogenic differentiation. Our new, efficient retroviral infection protocol for muscle stem cells can be applied to molecular biology experiments as well as translational studies.
Reliability of isokinetic strength and aerobic power testing for patients with chronic heart failure. (2002)

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of testing skeletal muscle strength and peak aerobic power in a clinical population of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Thirty-three patients with CHF (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class 2.3 Â± 0.5; left ventricular ejection fraction 27% Â± 7%; age 65 Â± 9 years; 28:5 male-female ratio) underwent two identical series of tests (T1 and T2), 1 week apart, for strength and endurance of the muscle groups responsible for knee extension/flexion and elbow extension/flexion. The patients also underwent two graded exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer to measure peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ). Three months later, 18 of the patients underwent a third test (T3) for each of the measures. Means were compared using MANOVA with repeated measures for strength and endurance, and ANOVA with repeated measures for VO 2peak . RESULTS: Combining data for all four movement patterns, the expression of strength increased from T1 to T2 by 12% Â± 25% (P &lt; .001; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.89). Correspondingly, endurance increased by 13% Â± 23% (P = .004; ICC = 0.87). Peak oxygen consumption was not significantly different (16.2 Â± 0.8 and 16.1 Â± 0.8 mLÂ·kg -1 Â·min -1 for T1 and T2, respectively; P = .686; ICC = 0.91). There were no significant differences between T2 and T3 for strength (2% Â± 17%; P = .736; ICC = 0.92) or muscle endurance (-1% Â± 15%; P = .812; ICC = 0.96), but VO 2peak decreased from 16.7 Â± 1.2 to 14.9 Â± 0.9 mLÂ·kg -1 Â·min -1 (-10% Â± 18%; P = .021; ICC = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in a population of patients with CHF, a familiarization trial for skeletal muscle strength testing is necessary. Although familiarization is not required for assessing oxygen consumption as a single measurement, VO 2peak declined markedly in the 3-month period for which these patients were followed. Internal consistency within patients was high for the second and third strength trials and the first and second tests of VO 2peak .
<title>Atmospheric compensation over a 2.3 km propagation path with a multi-conjugate (piston-MEMS/modal DM) adaptive system</title> (2004)

We discuss the expansion of wavefront distortion compensation based on stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) optimization to the control of several wavefront correctors. We describe then a SPGD adaptive optics system that uses a low-order deformable mirror with modal control and a high-resolution (either 132 or 320 control channels) piston-type MEMS mirror. The system was installed at a 2.3km near-horizontal propagation and used for atmospheric compensation experiments. Results obtained for different system configurations are presented.
Mode-locked operation of a master oscillator power amplifier (2002)

Mode-locked semiconductor lasers are attractive as compact sources of short optical pulses for use in physics measurements, for instrumentation systems, and for telecommunications applications. Such lasers operate with average output powers of typically a couple of milliwatts, which is a problem for their use in certain applications where higher power is required. Tapered-stripe master oscillator power amplifiers (MOPAs) have been demonstrated to be capable of multi-Watt powers using diode injection. In this paper we describe the use of such a device using a mode-locked master oscillator source.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Mixed Integer Linear Program for Solving a Multiple Route Taxi Scheduling Problem (2010)

Aircraft movements on taxiways at busy airports often create bottlenecks. This paper introduces a mixed integer linear program to solve a Multiple Route Aircraft Taxi Scheduling Problem. The outputs of the model are in the form of optimal taxi schedules, which include routing decisions for taxiing aircraft. The model extends an existing single route formulation to include routing decisions. An efficient comparison framework compares the multi-route formulation and the single route formulation. The multi-route model is exercised for east side airport surface traffic at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport to determine if any arrival taxi time savings can be achieved by allowing arrivals to have two taxi routes: a route that crosses an active departure runway and a perimeter route that avoids the crossing. Results indicate that the multi-route formulation yields reduced arrival taxi times over the single route formulation only when a perimeter taxiway is used. In conditions where the departure aircraft are given an optimal and fixed takeoff sequence, accumulative arrival taxi time savings in the multi-route formulation can be as high as 3.6 hours more than the single route formulation. If the departure sequence is not optimal, the multi-route formulation results in less taxi time savings made over the single route formulation, but the average arrival taxi time is significantly decreased.
Multi‐layered PCB distributed filter (2021)

Abstract In this paper, multi‐layered print circuit board distributed resonators and filters are introduced. Here, the individual elements of the distributed resonator are made as part of a multi‐layered print circuit board, commonly used in the circuitry of transceiver boards. In this way, the unused real estate available on the board is used effectively. As a demonstrator of the proposed technology, a 2‐pole filter fabricated using a 5‐layer substrate and consisting of a matrix of 11 × 11 elements per resonator is fabricated and its performance is measured. Due to a large number of individual elements, which perform dimensional averaging of manufacturing inaccuracies, the filter obtained in this way not only requires no post‐production tuning, but it also has an extremely low profile of 5 o , which is the lowest profile to be reported in the literature. The filter was made to operate at a centre frequency of 1.8 GHz with an absolute bandwidth of 65 MHz. The measured and computed results are in good agreement.
Force Flux and the Peridynamic Stress Tensor. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Monolithic laser diode array with one metalized sidewall (2023)

A monolithic, electrically-insulating substrate that contains a series of notched grooves is fabricated. The substrate is then metalized so that only the top surface and one wall adjacent to the notch are metalized. Within the grooves is located a laser bar, an electrically-conductive ribbon or contact bar and an elastomer which secures/registers the laser bar and ribbon (or contact bar) firmly along the wall of the groove that is adjacent to the notch. The invention includes several embodiments for providing electrical contact to the corresponding top surface of the adjacent wall. In one embodiment, after the bar is located in the proper position, the electrically conductive ribbon is bent so that it makes electrical contact with the adjoining metalized top side of the heatsink.
Suppression of IRAK1 or IRAK4 Catalytic Activity, but Not Type 1 IFN Signaling, Prevents Lupus Nephritis in Mice Expressing a Ubiquitin Binding–Defective Mutant of ABIN1 (2016)

Polymorphisms in the TNIP1 gene encoding A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB1 (ABIN1) predispose to lupus and other autoimmune diseases in at least eight human populations. We found previously that knock-in mice expressing a ubiquitin-binding-defective mutant of ABIN1 (ABIN1[D485N]) develop autoimmunity as they age and succumb to a disease resembling lupus nephritis in humans. In this article, we report that Flt3-derived dendritic cells from these mice overproduced type 1 IFNs upon stimulation with ligands that activate TLR7 or TLR9. However, crossing ABIN1[D485N] mice to IFNAR1-knockout mice that do not express the α-subunit of the type 1 IFNR did not prevent splenomegaly, the appearance of high serum levels of autoantibodies and other Igs, or liver inflammation and only reduced kidney inflammation modestly. In contrast, crossing ABIN1[D485N] mice to knock-in mice expressing catalytically inactive mutants of IRAK1 or IRAK4 prevented splenomegaly, autoimmunity, and liver and kidney inflammation. Our results support the notion that IRAK1 and/or IRAK4 are attractive targets for the development of drugs to prevent, and perhaps treat, lupus nephritis and other autoinflammatory diseases caused by the decreased ability of ABIN1 or other proteins to restrict the strength of MyD88 signaling.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck Reaction of Aryl Sulfonates and Chlorides with Electronically Unbiased Terminal Olefins: High Selectivity for Branched Products. (2014)

Abstract Transformation of aryl mesylates, tosylates and chlorides gives the products in lower yields in comparison to the corresponding triflates.
Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum-based organic light-emitting devices with Al/CaF2 cathode: Performance enhancement and interface electronic structures (2002)

The device characteristics and the interface electronic structures of organic light-emitting devices based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum were investigated with Al/CaF2, Al/LiF, and Al-only cathodes. Similar to the Al/LiF cathode, the Al/CaF2 cathode greatly improved the performance of the device over the Al-only cathode. However, a photoelectron spectroscopy study revealed that despite the performance improvement, the evolution of the new peaks during the Al/CaF2 cathode formation closely resembled those of the Al-only cathode rather than the Al/LiF cathode.
Different Vaccine Vectors Delivering the Same Antigen Elicit CD8+ T Cell Responses with Distinct Clonotype and Epitope Specificity (2009)

Prime-boost immunization with gene-based vectors has been developed to generate more effective vaccines for AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. Although these vectors elicit potent T cell responses, the mechanisms by which they stimulate immunity are not well understood. In this study, we show that immunization by a single gene product, HIV-1 envelope, with alternative vector combinations elicits CD8(+) cells with different fine specificities and kinetics of mobilization. Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells recognized overlapping third V region loop peptides. Unexpectedly, two anchor variants bound H-2D(d) better than the native sequences, and clones with distinct specificities were elicited by alternative vectors. X-ray crystallography revealed major differences in solvent exposure of MHC-bound peptide epitopes, suggesting that processed HIV-1 envelope gave rise to MHC-I/peptide conformations recognized by distinct CD8(+) T cell populations. These findings suggest that different gene-based vectors generate peptides with alternative conformations within MHC-I that elicit distinct T cell responses after vaccination.
Nanostructures and “Nanonothingness” in Unique Glass Microspheres (2013)

Nanostructures and “Nanonothingness” of porous‐wall hollow glass microspheres ( PW ‐ HGM s) can be used to produce unique composites and systems with important applications in a variety of fields, including alternative and renewable energy, homeland security, environmental remediation and medicine.
Effect of Antimicrobial Therapy on Respiratory Hospitalization or Death in Adults With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02759120.
Multimeric single-domain antibody complexes protect against bunyavirus infections (2020)

The World Health Organization has included three bunyaviruses posing an increasing threat to human health on the Blueprint list of viruses likely to cause major epidemics and for which no, or insufficient countermeasures exist. Here, we describe a broadly applicable strategy, based on llama-derived single-domain antibodies (VHHs), for the development of bunyavirus biotherapeutics. The method was validated using the zoonotic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an emerging pathogen of ruminants, as model pathogens. VHH building blocks were assembled into highly potent neutralizing complexes using bacterial superglue technology. The multimeric complexes were shown to reduce and prevent virus-induced morbidity and mortality in mice upon prophylactic administration. Bispecific molecules engineered to present two different VHHs fused to an Fc domain were further shown to be effective upon therapeutic administration. The presented VHH-based technology holds great promise for the development of bunyavirus antiviral therapies.
Electron Emission from Ferroelectric Electron Emitter at Transient State of Negative Polarization Reversal (2007)

A novel electron emitter with the characteristics of ferroelectric ceramic materials has been developed. The electron-emitting portion of the electron emitter has vacuum gaps between the upper electrode and the surface of the ferroelectric layer. We confirmed that there are two types of electron emission from the electron emitter. One is considered to be the emission of the electron charge from the ferroelectric surface during a positive polarization reversal. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanism of the other type of electron emission are discussed which is expected to have high efficiency. We consider that field emission occurs as induced by the electric field concentrated in the vacuum gap transiently during a negative polarization reversal. A suitable electric conductivity of the ferroelectric surface is considered to be required for electron emission.
BEMS Architecture and Service Modules for Realizing Sophisticated Algorithms (2022)

There is a growing interest to introduce energy-saving algorithms which balance energy efficiency with residents' comfortability into a Building Energy Management System (BEMS). However, the following issues hinder penetration of the energy-saving algorithms into markets: difficulties both in embedding the algorithms into the BEMS, and in turning the algorithms suitably to fit varieties of installed equipment in each building. In this paper, A BEMS on micro-service architecture, and software service modules for the BEMS, were proposed. The micro-services architecture improves flexibility to introduce newly developed energy-saving algorithms into the BEMS and software service modules manipulate whole roles (Modeling, Planning, Doing, and Action) required for tuning the algorithms on-line to fit the algorithms to each building. Each software service module was implemented and integrated as elements of BEMS on micro-service architecture. The BEMS on micro-service architecture was applied to an actual building for evaluation, and its availability was confirmed through the field test.
Early IL-10 predominant responses are associated with progression to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users (2010)

The critical events in clearance or persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are unknown but likely to be determined early in acute infection. Type 1 and type 2 cytokine production was assessed by HCV peptide ELISpot and multiplex in vitro cytokine production assays in longitudinally collected samples from 20 untreated participants enrolled in the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC); a prospective cohort of acute HCV infection (77% injecting drug users, IDU). Significantly higher interleukin-10 (IL-10) production (P = 0.048), in the relative absence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-2 production, was present early in HCV infection in those who progressed to chronic infection. In contrast, viral clearance was associated with a greater magnitude and broader specificity of IFN-γ (magnitude P < 0.001, breadth P = 0.004) and IL-2 responses, in the relative absence of IL-10. Early IL-10 production was correlated with higher HCV RNA level at baseline (P = 0.046) and week 12 (P = 0.018), while IFN-γ and IL-2 production was inversely correlated with HCV RNA level at baseline (IFN-γ P = 0.020, IL-2 P = 0.050) and week 48 (IFN-γ P = 0.045, IL-2 P = 0.026). Intracellular staining (ICS) indicated the HCV-specific IFN-γ response was primarily from CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, whereas IL-10 production was predominantly from monocytes, with a subset of IL-10 producing CD8(+) T cells present only in those who progressed to chronic infection. IL-10, an immunoregulatory cytokine, appears to play a key role in progression to chronic HCV infection.
Optimal Capacitor Placement and Rating for Large-Scale Utility Power Distribution Systems Employing Load-Tap-Changing Transformer Control (2023)

Significant opportunity for savings in energy and investment through improved performance of power distribution systems exists in the optimal placement and rating of capacitors, a conventionally cost-effective and popular reactive power compensating technology. A novel optimal capacitor planning (OCP) procedure is proposed for large-scale utility power distribution systems, which is exemplified on an existing utility circuit of approximately 4,000 buses. An initial sensitivity analysis is employed to intelligently reduce OCP computation time and maintain quality of optimal configurations. Three optimization objectives are considered, including the minimization of total system active power losses, standard deviation of node voltages, and investment in total capacitor power rating. Eight multi-objective optimization methods that employ the non-dominated sorting algorithm III (NSGA-III) concept are compared to determine individual merits. Differences between the methods include the incorporation of a penalty constraint for voltage violations and the automatic readjustment of load-tap-changing (LTC) transformer tap settings for proposed capacitor re-configurations concurrently within the optimizer, which ensures peak system performance and fair comparison to the reference case. A multi-step model conversion process was developed with OpenDSS to enable the OCP procedure to be generally applicable to real large-scale utility circuits. OCP is performed for three example sub-circuits served by a substation with a 48MW, 9Mvar peak load, which represents the most extreme case and offers the best opportunity for savings. Example configurations from the resulting Pareto sets through a pseudo-weight vector approach are also analyzed through a systematic procedure of comparison between the most extreme configuration types to inform configuration selection.
Nicotinamide-Appended Fluorophores as Fluorescent Redox Sensors (2019)

Fluorescent sensors have proved invaluable in elucidating the regulation and dysregulation of redox processes in biology, but understanding of the breadth of biological redox reactions requires development of new sensors based on a range of sensing groups with varied reduction potentials. The aim of this work was to investigate the use of nicotinamide as a redox switch when conjugated to two classes of amino-fluorophores. We prepared four fluorophore conjugates based on 7-aminocoumarins and 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides via the nicotinamide Zincke salt. These conjugates all showed clear fluorescence changes in response to chemical reduction, but this reduction was irreversible both chemically and electrochemically. The reduction behaviour of the 1,8-naphthalimides was investigated further by spectroelectrochemistry, revealing that conjugate NNpR1 showed the clearest spectral changes on both chemical and electrochemical reduction. Cells dosed with NNpR1 and maintained under hypoxic conditions exhibited a significantly higher green : blue fluorescence ratio than cells cultivated under normoxia, confirming the potential of this molecule as a sensor for reductive biological environments.