gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated in Multiple Sclerosis Feedback Loop Controlling Th1 Bias That Is miR-29ab1 Deficiency Identifies a Negative (2012)

K. Racke, Amy E. Lovett-Racke and Caroline C. WhitacreMavrikis Cox, Abhay R. Satoskar, Carlo M. Croce, MichaelCostinean, Jessica L. Williams, Arianna Bottoni, Gina Kristen M. Smith, Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano, Stefanol.1103171http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2012/07/06/jimmunJ Immunol€ published online 6 July 2012MaterialSupplementary1.DC1.htmlhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2012/07/06/jimmunol.110317Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Design of Periodic Cellular Structures for Heat Exchanger Applications (2009)

Powder based metal additive manufacturing processes generally produce parts with a textured surface. Although surface roughness is undesirable in most cases, it can be advantageous for applications such as heat exchangers or catalyst support structures. While stochastic metal foams have been used for these applications, it is not possible to tailor the foam geometry to the application. SFF techniques permit designers to use different cell geometries and orientations to achieve specific performance objectives. More specifically, the unit cell type and size, ligament size, and cell orientation have a considerable influence on surface area, volume, density and fluid flow behavior of the lattice structure. This paper illustrates the effect of the orientation of hexagonal periodic cellular structures on heat transfer and pressure drop. Finite element analysis of air flowing through the hot hexagonal periodic cellular structures shows the effect of orientation on heat transfer and pressure drop. The analysis indicates that the ideal orientation is dependent on the specific application.
Electro-Thermal Imaging of Breast Phantom: An Experimental Study (2014)

To increase the temperature contrast in thermal images, the characteristics of the electrical conductivity and thermal imaging modalities can be combined. In this experimental study, it is objected to observe whether the temperature contrast created by the tumor tissue can be improved just due to the current application within medical safety limits. Various thermal breast phantoms are developed to simulate the female breast tissue. In vitro experiments are implemented using a thermal infrared camera in a controlled manner. Since experiments are implemented in vitro, there is no metabolic heat generation and blood perfusion. Only the effects and results of the electrical stimulation are investigated. Experimental study is implemented with two-dimensional models. Temperature contrasts due to the tumor tissues are obtained. Cancerous tissue is determined using the difference and ratio of healthy and tumor images. 1 cm diameter single tumor tissue causes almost 40 °mC temperature contrast on the thermal-breast phantom. Electrode artifacts are reduced by taking the difference and ratio of background (healthy) and tumor images. Ratio of healthy and tumor images show that temperature contrast is increased by the current application.
Wavelength Dependent Gain Dynamics in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Multiwavelength Optical Networks (1999)

Wavelength dependence of gain dynamics is theoretically and experimentally studied for a high Al codoped EDFA and hybrid EDFAs composed of a P/Al codoped EDF and a high A1 codoped EDF. The power transients change drastically according to the surviving channel wavelength. The time constant of power transients in the forward pumped hybrid EDFA seems to depend on front EDF characteristics. There is no noticeable difference in the gain excursion derivatives at the beginning of the transient response among the high A1 codoped EDFA and the hybrid EDFAs.
Elucidating the Function of Secreted Maspin: Inhibiting Cathepsin D–Mediated Matrix Degradation (2007)

Cellular interaction with the extracellular milieu plays a significant role in normal biological and pathologic processes. Excessive degradation of basement membrane matrix by proteolytic enzymes is a hallmark of tumor invasion and metastasis, and aspartyl proteinase cathepsin D is implicated as a major contributor to this process. Maspin, a non-inhibitory serpin, plays an important role in mammary gland development and remodeling. Expression of Maspin is decreased in primary tumors and lost in metastatic lesions. Maspin is mostly cytoplasmic and is partially secreted; however, the fate and function of secreted Maspin has remained mostly unexplored. We hypothesized that secreted Maspin is incorporated into the matrix deposited by normal mammary epithelial cells and thus could play a critical role in cathepsin D-mediated matrix degradation and remodeling of mammary tissue. In the absence of Maspin, as is the case with most cancer cells, matrix degradation proceeds unrestricted, thus facilitating the progression to metastasis. To test this, we employed an in vitro model where gels containing both types I and IV collagen were preconditioned with normal mammary epithelial cells to allow the incorporation of secreted Maspin. This conditioned matrix was used to examine cathepsin D-mediated collagen degradation by human breast cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that secretion of Maspin and its deposition into the extracellular milieu play an important role in matrix degradation. In this capacity, Maspin could potentially regulate mammary tissue remodeling occurring under normal and pathologic conditions. In addition, these findings could have a potential effect on future therapeutic intervention strategies for breast cancer.
Complete Restoration of Glucocerebrosidase Deficiency in Gaucher Fibroblasts Using a Bicistronic MDR Retrovirus and a New Selection Strategy (1996)

Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is currently the most common method for the application of genetic therapy to cancer and many inherited and acquired disorders. Here we report the generation of an amphotropic producer cell line (CA2) that synthesizes viral particles carrying a bicistronic cassette in which the selectable MDR1 cDNA encoding P-glycoprotein (P-gp) a multidrug efflux pump, and the human glucocerebrosidase (GC) gene are transcriptionally fused. Transduction of human Gaucher fibroblasts with this recombinant virus allowed coordinate expression of P-gp and GC. Treatment of the transduced fibroblasts with various cytotoxic substrates of P-gp selected for cells with increased expression of GC, which paralleled the stringency of drug selection. Thus, selection of the genetically modified Gaucher fibroblasts in 1 microgram/ml colchicine raised their GC activity levels from nearly undetectable to those present in WI-38 normal human fibroblasts, correcting the enzyme deficiency present in Gaucher cells. Moreover, by simultaneously inhibiting the P-gp pump, it was possible to use much lower concentrations of colchicine to select for high-level expression of MDR1 and GC. Thus, selection with colchicine at 5 ng/ml in combination with the P-gp inhibitors verapamil or PSC 833 produced a complete correction of the GC deficiency in the CA2-transduced fibroblasts. These combination regimens, already in clinical use for the treatment of multidrug-resistant malignancies, may prove useful in gene therapy trials when utilized for high level selection of a nonselectable gene such as glucocerebrosidase when transcriptionally fused to the MDR1 gene.
Solvation of organic oxyanions studied by oxygen-17 NMR (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvation of organic oxyanions studied by oxygen-17 NMRLars Baltzer and Edwin D. BeckerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 18, 5730–5733Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00356a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00356a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inositol Analogs as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics (1994)

Abstract: The myo-inositol pathway is an attractive target for the control of cellular proliferation. Compounds which interfere with this pathway are potential targets for anticancer drug development. Chemical derivatives of selected intermediates along this pathway were constructed, including analogs of inositol, phosphatidylinositol and inositol phosphates. These compounds were tested for their ability to effect metabolic regulation, intracellular Ca2+ release, as well as cellular trafficking. A number of these compounds were found to inhibit cell growth. The myo-inositol pathway as well as the biological activity of these novel inositol analogs is reviewed.
ADME-Guided Design and Synthesis of Aryloxanyl Pyrazolone Derivatives To Block Mutant Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) Cytotoxicity and Protein Aggregation: Potential Application for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an orphan neurodegenerative disease currently without a cure. The arylsulfanyl pyrazolone (ASP) scaffold was one of the active scaffolds identified in a cell-based high throughput screening assay targeting mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) induced toxicity and aggregation as a marker for ALS. The initial ASP hit compounds were potent and had favorable ADME properties but had poor microsomal and plasma stability. Here, we identify the microsomal metabolite and describe synthesized analogues of these ASP compounds to address the rapid metabolism. Both in vitro potency and pharmacological properties of the ASP scaffold have been dramatically improved via chemical modification to the corresponding sulfone and ether derivatives. One of the ether analogues (13), with superior potency and in vitro pharmacokinetic properties, was tested in vivo for its pharmacokinetic profile, brain penetration, and efficacy in an ALS mouse model. The analogue showed sustained blood and brain levels in vivo and significant activity in the mouse model of ALS, thus validating the new aryloxanyl pyrazolone scaffold as an important novel therapeutic lead for the treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder.
Extrinsic photodiodes for integrated mid-infrared silicon photonics (2014)

Silicon photonics has recently been proposed for a diverse set of applications at mid-infrared wavelengths including spectroscopy, chemical and biological sensing, free-space communications, and nonlinear optics. While optical-to-electronic signal conversion is essential to these applications, on-chip photodetection remains an important and challenging task. In this Letter, we present room temperature operation of Zn+-implanted Si waveguide photodiodes from 2.2 to 2.4 μm, with measured responsivities of up to 87±29  mA/W and low dark currents of <10  μA. Photocurrent generation is achieved by transitions from dopant-induced sub-bandgap trap states located ≈0.58  eV above the valence band to the conduction band, resulting in a peak detection wavelength of ≈2.3  μm. The wavelength of operation can be increased by choosing a dopant with an appropriate trap level, opening the possibility for on-chip detection throughout the mid-infrared.
Artificially Intelligent Nanoarray Detects Various Cancers by Liquid Biopsy of Volatile Markers (2022)

Cancer is usually not symptomatic in its early stages. However, early detection can vastly improve prognosis. Liquid biopsy holds great promise for early detection, although it still suffers from many disadvantages, mainly searching for specific cancer biomarkers. Here, a new approach for liquid biopsies is proposed, based on volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns in the blood headspace. An artificial intelligence nanoarray based on a varied set of chemi-sensitive nano-based structured films is developed and used to detect and stage cancer. As a proof-of-concept, three cancer models are tested showing high incidence and mortality rates in the population: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The nanoarray has >84% accuracy, >81% sensitivity, and >80% specificity for early detection and >97% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and >88% specificity for metastasis detection. Complementary mass spectrometry analysis validates these results. The ability to analyze such a complex biological fluid as blood, while considering data of many VOCs at a time using the artificially intelligent nanoarray, increases the sensitivity of predictive models and leads to a potential efficient early diagnosis and disease-monitoring tool for cancer.
On Robust Weighted-Sum Rate Maximization in MIMO Interference Networks (2011)

This paper studies the robust weighted-sum rate optimization problem in the presence of channel uncertainty over a K-user Gaussian Interference Channel (GIFC), where multiple antennas are present at all transmitters and receivers. Motivated by recent results on interference alignment that show the optimality of linear precoders and simple receivers in achieving the maximum degrees-of-freedom available in the GIFC, we consider linear transmit precoding and two simple decoding schemes: single-stream decoding and single-user decoding. The resulting precoder design problems are then posed as specific optimization problems. Unfortunately, due to the hardness of these problems, optimal solutions cannot be efficiently obtained. Instead of resorting to ad-hoc algorithms, we show that it is possible to design algorithms using a systematic approach. Towards this end, this paper develops new provably convergent iterative algorithms for precoder design through ingenious sub-problem formulations such that each of these sub-problems can be solved optimally. The sub-problems are solved in closed-form for certain cases and formulated as standard convex problems for the rest. To complement these contributions on achievable schemes, we generalize the genie-MAC outer bounding technique to incorporate channel uncertainty using notions of compound-MAC capacity and then obtain computable outer bounds using an alternating optimization approach. Thus, we introduce one of the first approaches to obtain tighter outer bounds on the capacity region of the GIFC in the presence of channel uncertainty.
Numerical characterization of in vivo wireless communication channels (2014)

In this paper, we numerically investigated the in vivo wireless communication channel for human male torso at 915 MHz. Results show that in vivo channel is different than the classical communication channel and location dependency is very critical for link budget calculations. A statistical path loss model based on angle, depth and body region is introduced for near and far field regions. Furthermore, multipath characteristics are investigated using a power delay profile as well.
HeightNet: Monocular Object Height Estimation (2023)

Monocular depth estimation is a traditional computer vision task that predicts the distance of each pixel relative to the camera from one 2D image. Relative height information about objects lying on a ground plane can be calculated through several processing steps from the depth image. In this paper, we propose a height estimation method for directly predicting the height of objects from a 2D image. The proposed method utilizes an encoder-decoder network for pixel-wise dense prediction based on height consistency. We used the CARLA simulator to generate 40,000 training datasets from different positions in five areas within the simulator. The experimental results show that the object’s height map can be estimated regardless of the camera’s location.
Box-Shaped Dielectric Waveguides: A New Concept in Integrated Optics? (2007)

A novel class of optical waveguides with a box-shaped cross section consisting of a low-index inner material surrounded by a thin high-index coating layer is presented. This original multilayered structure widens the traditional concept of index contrast for dielectric waveguides toward a more general concept of effective index contrast, which can be artificially tailored over a continuous range by properly choosing the thickness of the outer high-index layers. An electromagnetic analysis is reported, which shows that the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes are spatially confined in different regions of the cross section and exhibit an almost 90°C rotational symmetry. Such unusual field distribution is demonstrated to open the way to new intriguing properties with respect to conventional waveguides. Design criteria are provided into details, which mainly focus on the polarization dependence of the waveguide on geometrical parameters. The possibility of achieving single-mode waveguides with either zero or high birefringence is discussed, and the bending capabilities are compared to conventional waveguides. The feasibility of the proposed waveguide is demonstrated by the realization of prototypal samples that are fabricated by using the emerging CMOS- compatible Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> TriPleX technology. An exhaustive experimental characterization is reported, which shows propagation loss as low as state-of-the-art low-index-contrast waveguides (< 0.1 dB/cm) together with enhanced flexibility in the optimization of polarization sensitivity and confirms the high potentialities of the proposed waveguides for large-scale integrated optics.
Standing ballistocardiography measurements in microgravity (2014)

The performance and practicality of a scale-based ballistocardiogram (BCG) system for hemodynamic monitoring of astronauts on extended space missions was demonstrated. The system consists of a modified electronic weighing scale fitted with foot bindings to mechanically couple the subject to the scale. This system was tested on a recent series of parabolic flights in which scale-based and accelerometry-based free-floating BCG of 10 subjects was measured in microgravity. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the scale-based BCG was, on average, a factor of 2.1 (6.3 dB) higher than the free-floating method, suggesting that the tethered scale approach might be more robust in terms of signal quality. Additionally, this approach enables practical BCG-based hemodynamic monitoring in fractional-g environments, and on small space vehicles such as NASA's upcoming Orion capsule. The scale-based results in microgravity were also compared to ground measurements (1 g), where there was an average 38.7 ms RJ interval reduction from ground to microgravity environments that is consistent across 9 of 10 subjects. This phenomenon is likely due to the transient increase in venous return, and consequent decrease in pre-ejection period, experienced during the microgravity time intervals.
Scale Transform Signal Processing for Reducing the Effect of Rain on SSTDR Signals (2021)

Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has proven to be effective in the detection and localization of intermittent faults on live electrical wiring. The location, shape, and magnitude of the peaks from the SSTDR signal give information about the location and type of wiring fault. To locate these faults, baseline subtraction is typically used. Unfortunately, varying weather conditions alter the SSTDR signal significantly and make baseline subtraction methods unreliable. Specifically, moisture from rain changes the relative permittivity of the cable and consequently leads to a change in the velocity of propagation (VOP) of the SSTDR signal. This change of VOP stretches the SSTDR signal and therefore shifts the peaks out of place, leading to inaccurate fault localization. Figure 1 (below) shows the described stretching effect rain has on SSTDR signals.
Development of Engine Drivers for Unconventional Gas (2017)

Abstract Objectives/Scope: Gas compression engine drivers used in unconventional resource development require the flexibility to operate with a wide range of fuels, in a wide range of conditions and with a high degree of reliability. This paper demonstrates the processes used to develop a modern medium speed engine driver and the technology leveraged to create an engine with the performance needed to be effective in unconventional gas applications. The resulting engine performance and operating envelop will be reviewed. Methods, Procedures, Process: Engine manufactures have adopted varying strategies for dealing with the challenges new applications present. One manufacturer uses a disciplined, gate driven development process to move from identifying user performance requirements to delivering a fully capable and reliable family of engines that meets the needs of gas compression operators throughout the world. The process for technology selection, laboratory confirmation and field validation is described. A system by system review of the selected engine technologies is presented, along with their specific contribution toward enabling the use of lower quality fuel gases found in unconventional developments while also enhancing other performance attributes. Results, Observations, Conclusions: Laboratory data that demonstrates the validity of individual system designs and the entire functioning engine is provided. Areas of focus will include the benefits of smart fuel valves, real time NOx emissions measurement, the impact of lowering combustion air temperature through two stage intercooling and the effect of reducing the engine compression ratio through piston design and other techniques. In addition to demonstrated engine performance in a laboratory setting, gas compression operators require an exceptionally high degree of reliability to minimize costs, maximize production and reduce operational uncertainty. The process used to validate the reliability of the compression driver in application is discussed, along with the findings of the field validation work and how the process drove changes to the final, production ready engine. Lean burn and stoichiometric combustion technologies are reviewed, along with their impact on combustion design decisions and engine emissions. The complete engine combustion recipe for the new driver is reviewed in detail. Engine performance under varying extremes of fuel quality and other environmental factors is explained. Another challenge in unconventional gas development can be the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in engine fuel at levels that cause damage to engine components. Engine configurations and operating regimes that help minimize the impact of H2S are discussed. Novel/Additive Information: A new approach for increased compressor throughput by as much as seven percent during periods of lower ambient temperature is presented. The enabling engine technologies and operator strategies for leveraging this capability is described to allow new developments to take advantage of the engine/compressor potential.