gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate from an Infected Person Homozygous for CCR5Δ32 Exhibits Dual Tropism by Infecting Macrophages and MT2 Cells via CXCR4 (2002)

The mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of a man (VH) homozygous for the CCR5Delta32 mutation were investigated, and coreceptors other than CCR5 used by HIV type 1 (HIV-1) isolated from this individual were identified. In contrast to previous reports, this individual's rate of disease progression was not accelerated. Homozygosity for CCR5Delta32 mutation was demonstrated by PCR and DNA sequencing (R. Biti et al., Nat. Med. 3:252-253, 1997). CCR5 surface expression was absent on T lymphocytes and macrophages. HIV was isolated by coculture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from siblings who were homozygous (VM) or wild type (WT) for the CCR5Delta32 mutation. The virus demonstrated dual tropism for infection of MT2 cell line and primary macrophages. Sequencing of the full HIV genome directly from the patient's PBMCs revealed 21 nucleotide insertions in the V1 region of gp120. The VH envelope sequence segregated apart from both the T-cell-line-adapted tropic strains NL4-3 and SF2 and M-tropic strain JRFL or YU2 by phylogenetic tree analysis. VH was shown to utilize predominantly CXCR4 for entry into T lymphocytes and macrophages by HOS.CD4 cell infection assay, direct envelope protein fusion, and inhibition by anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (12G5), SDF-1, and AMD3100. Microsatellite mapping demonstrated the separate inheritance of CXCR4 by both homozygote brothers (VH and VM). Our study demonstrates the ability of certain strains of HIV to readily use CXCR4 for infection or entry into macrophages, which is highly relevant to the pathogenesis of late-stage disease and presumably also HIV transmission.
Sulfur Dichloride (2001)

[10545-99-0] Cl2S (MW 102.97) InChI = 1S/Cl2S/c1-3-2 InChIKey = FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (electrophilic addition to alkenes and dienes;1 synthesis of heterocycles from eneimines and nitriles;2 and electrophile for the synthesis of sulfides3) Physical Data: mp −121 °C; bp 59 °C; d (20 °C) 1.621 g cm−3; n20D1.5570. Solubility: sol dichloromethane, n-hexane, CCl4, benzene; reacts violently with H2O, acetone, DMSO, DMF. Form Supplied in: dark-red liquid. Techgrade (80%), major impurity is S2Cl2. Also 1.0 M in CH2Cl2. Very pungent, chlorine-like odor. Readily decomposes to S2Cl2 and Cl2. Preparative Methods: can be synthesized from S(5) or S2Cl2.4 Purification: pure SCl2 can be obtained from Disulfur Dichloride and Chlorine by distillation from Phosphorus(III) Chloride. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: distilled SCl2 is stable for a few days in glass with a few drops of PCl3. Air and H2O sensitive. Incompatible with acids, bases, alcohols, plastics, amines. Avoid contact with metals. Corrosive; lachrymator. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Inhalation can be fatal. Possible carcinogen.
High-throughput solubility measurements of polymer libraries in supercritical carbon dioxide (2004)

A new method has been developed which allows rapid parallel solubility measurements for libraries of materials in supercritical fluids (SCFs). The technique was used to evaluate the solubility of a mixed library of 100 synthetic polymers including polyesters, polycarbonates, and vinyl polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLINE‐2,3‐DIONE‐3,N‐ALKYLAMINO‐ AND 3,N‐PIPERAZINOACETYLHYDRAZONES, NEW SUBSTANCES WITH ANTIULCEROGENIC AND ANTISECRETORY ACTIVITIES (1983)

New indolin-2,3-dione-3,N-alkylamino- and 3,N-piperazinoacetylhydrazones were synthesized and the gastric antisecretory activity was tested. Most of the active products were selected to evaluate the inhibition of peptic ulcer induced by phenylbutazone or by stress (restraint and cold).
<title>Intelligent security system based on neuro-fuzzy multisensor data fusion</title> (1998)

This paper presents a real-world application of neurofuzzy processing to a security system with multiple sensor. Integrating fuzzy logic with neural networks, the authors have automated the tasks of sensor data fusion and determination of false/true alarms, which currently rely solely on human monitoring operators, so that they operate in a way similar to human reasoning. This integrated security system includes a set of heterogeneous sensor. To take advantage of each sensor's strengths, they are positioned and integrated for side, accurate, economical coverage. The system includes real-time tracking cameras functioning as true digital motion detectors with the capability of approximating the size, direction, and number of intruders. The system is also capable of real-time image segmentation based on motion, and of image recognition based on neural networks.
Spectral studies of pH dye films for detection of toxic chemicals (1993)

The molecular absorption spectra of pH dyes, employed for ammonia sensing are investigated. Differences of absorption spectra of Bromothymol Blue and Bromocresol Purple dyes, dissolved in water and entrapped in Polymethylphenylsiloxane film are discussed. Correspondence of dye-films absorption bands shape to the Gauss distribution shape in the spectral region of light source emission band was determined.
Encapsulation of <em>Piper cabralanum </em>(Piperaceae) nonpolar extract in poly(methyl methacrylate) by miniemulsion and evaluation of increase in the effectiveness of antileukemic activity in K562 cells (2017)

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and evaluate their ability to incorporate plant extracts with antitumor activity and low dissolution in aqueous media. The extract used was <i>n</i>-hexane partition of the methanol extract of <i>Piper cabralanum</i> (PCA-HEX). PMMA NPs were obtained using the mini-emulsion method, which was able to encapsulate almost 100% of PCA-HEX. The synthesized polymeric particles presented with a size of 200 nm and a negative charge. Cytotoxicity tests by MTT and trypan blue assays showed that NPs without PCA-HEX did not kill leukemic cells (K562 cells). NPs containing PCA-HEX were able to enhance cell death when compared to pure extract. The results showed that PMMA NPs could be useful as a drug delivery system as they can enhance the antitumor activity of the PCA-HEX extract by more than 20-fold. PMMA NPs containing plant extracts with antitumor activities may be an alternative to control the evolution of diseases such as leukemia.
Time Estimation of Cheon's Algorithm over Elliptic Curves on Finite Fields with Characteristic 3 (2011)

Cheon introduced a novel algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problems with auxiliary input (DLPwAI). Since the infeasibility of DLPwAI assures the security of some cryptographic schemes, some implementational results have been reported. This paper estimates the required time for solving DLPwAI on elliptic curves over finite fields with characteristics 3 by extrapolating previous results.
Transient Response of Filters. (1977)

One of the most important factors in designing receivers is to determine the transient response of the signal after it passes filters. It is time consuming and costly to measure the transient response experimentally. This report presents the theoretical analysis and a computer program to calculate filter transient response. Experimental data from both conventional and surface acoustic wave filters have also been presented to verify the validity of the program. The program can handle both Butterworth and Chebyshev filters and their combinations in cascade. The input signals can be a square, a composite, and a sine square wave. The computer program that calculates the transient response is also listed. (Author)
Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaminodihydropyrroles via Thioimidate Cyclopropane Rearrangement. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ProDisc Artificial Total Lumbar Disc Replacement: Introduction and Early Results From the United States Clinical Trial (2003)

Disc replacement patients reported significantly less pain (Visual Analogue Scale) and disability (Oswestry) in the early period following surgery compared to fusion patients. This difference disappeared by 6 months. When compared to fusion, the disc replacement allowed preservation of motion at L4-L5 with a similar trend at L5-S1.
ChemInform Abstract: “Site Selective” Formation of Low‐Valent Titanium Reagents: An “ Instant” Procedure for the Reductive Coupling of Oxo Amides to Indoles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly Stable, High Mobility Al:SnZnInO Back-Channel Etch Thin-Film Transistor Fabricated Using PAN-Based Wet Etchant for Source and Drain Patterning (2015)

We report the electrical characteristics of backchannel etch (BCE) metal-oxide-semiconductor thin-film transistor (TFT) comprised of aluminum-doped tin-zinc-indium oxide (ATZIO). It has high etch selectivity in wet chemical etchants, which consist of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> PO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> COOH, and HNO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . This is contrary to the conventional metal-oxide-semiconductors of indium-gallium-zinc oxides, which are highly soluble in the acidic chemicals. As a result, no etch stop layer is needed to protect the backchannel from the wet etchant damage during the source and drain patterning in the bottom-gate-staggered TFT structure. This provides the possibility of oxide TFT fabrication process made as simple as that of the current amorphous silicon TFT using three or four photomasks with short channel length and less parasitic capacitance. The electrical characteristics of our ATZIO BCE-TFTs have the mobility of 21.4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V · s, subthreshold swing (S.S) of 0.11 V/decade, and threshold voltage of 0.8 V. In spite of the BCE structure, they have excellent stability against bias temperature stress, which shows the threshold voltage shifts of +0.75 V and -0.51 V under the prolonged positive (+20 V) and negative (-20 V) gate bias stresses for 10 000 s at 60 °C, respectively.
Soft magnetic alloy embodiments for additive manufacturing and geometric structures formed therefrom (2023)

Disclosed herein are embodiments of soft magnetic alloy embodiments for use in additive manufacturing and structures fabricated from such alloys. In some embodiments, the fabricated structures comprise a continuous thin wall (or plurality thereof) having a geometry that promotes reduced eddy current losses and other performance enhancements. In some embodiments, the fabricated structures are used to make components, such as transformer cores and/or electric motors.
Hard X-ray dark-field imaging with incoherent sample illumination (2014)

We report on a non-interferometric technique enabling dark-field imaging by using incoherent illumination and two achromatic optical elements. The simultaneous retrieval of absorption and differential phase images in the hard X-ray regime is also provided. We show that three projection images are sufficient to separate three signals: absorption, differential phase, and scattering. The method is highly efficient, also in terms of the dose delivered to the sample, flexible, robust against environmental vibrations, and scalable. It can be easily implemented in laboratories and translated into commercial systems, lending itself to a wide range of applications.
Plausible iris caustics and limbal arc rendering (2018)

In this paper, we apply anterior segment tomography measurements from contact lens research to photorealistic eye rendering. We improve on existing analytic rendering models by including a conical extension to the usual ellipsoidal corneal surface and we demonstrate the advantage of using a more accurate iris depth. We also introduce a practical method for automatically rendering the limbal arc as an intrinsic part of sclerotic scattering.
The clock distribution of the POWER4 microprocessor (2005)

The clock distribution on the Power4 dual-processor chip supplies a single critical 1.5 GHz clock from one SOI-optimized PLL to 15,200 pins on a large chip with 20 ps skew and 35 ps jitter. The network contains 64 tuned trees driving a single grid, and specialized tools to achieve targets on schedule with no adjustment circuitry.
Fitness Cost of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Way of Continuous Culture (2007)

We examined the effect of introducing type I or IV staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements on the growth yield of Staphylococcus aureus in glucose-limited continuous culture. Type I showed increased glucose consumption and ATP demand per gram of cells synthesized and decreased cell yield compared to those of the parent strain. In contrast, type IV SCCmec elements had no adverse energetic effect.
Beautiful and Damned. Combined Effect of Content Quality and Social Ties on User Engagement (2017)

User participation in online communities is driven by the intertwinement of the social network structure with the crowd-generated content that flows along its links. These aspects are rarely explored jointly and at scale. By looking at how users generate and access pictures of varying beauty on Flickr, we investigate how the production of quality impacts the dynamics of online social systems. We develop a deep learning computer vision model to score images according to their aesthetic value and we validate its output through crowdsourcing. By applying it to over 15 B Flickr photos, we study for the first time how image beauty is distributed over a large-scale social system. Beautiful images are evenly distributed in the network, although only a small core of people get social recognition for them. To study the impact of exposure to quality on user engagement, we set up matching experiments aimed at detecting causality from observational data. Exposure to beauty is double-edged: following people who produce high-quality content increases one's probability of uploading better photos; however, an excessive imbalance between the quality generated by a user and the user's neighbors leads to a decline in engagement. Our analysis has practical implications for improving link recommender systems.
Effects of Variable Gravity on Porous Media Matric Potential and Water Content Measurements (2003)

Control of water and air in the root zone of plants remains a challenge in microgravity.Due to limited flight opportunities research aimed at resolving fluid dynamics in microgravity porousmedia must often be conducted on earth. KC135 flight offers an opportunity for earth-basedresearchers to study physical processes in a variable gravity environment. The objectives of thisstudy were to obtain measurements of water content and matric potential during the parabolic profileflown by the KC135 aircraft. The flight profile was designed to give 20-25 seconds of microgravity atthe top of the parabola, while pulling 1.8-g at the bottom. Temperature and Moisture AcquisitionSensors (TMAS; Orbital Technologies, Madison, WI) use a heat-pulse method to measure watercontent. Tensiometers were constructed using a porous membrane with a pressure transducer andwere used to measure matric potential. The two types of sensors were placed at different depths ina substrate compartment filled with 1-2 mm Turface (calcined clay). The TMAS sensors were unableto monitor bulk changes in water content in the substrate compartment, but were able to track localmoisture changes in the soil profile. There were differences in water content data recorded at zero-,one-, and 1.8-g, but these were not significant. Tensiometer readings tracked pressure differencesdue to the hydrostatic force changes with variable gravity. The readings may have been affected bychanges in cabin air pressure that occurred during each parabola. Tensiometer porous membraneconductivity (function of pore size) and fluid volume both influence response time. Porous mediasample height and water content influence time-to-equilibrium, where shorter samples and higherwater content achieve faster equilibrium. Further testing is needed to develop these sensors forspace flight applications.
DS-5565 for the Treatment Of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- And Active Comparator-Controlled Phase II Study (I6-1.007) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To identify a dose(s) of DS-5565 with meaningful clinical efficacy and manageable side effects for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) BACKGROUND: Up to 26% of all patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy experience neuropathic pain. Patients with DPNP often experience insufficient pain relief; new pharmacological treatments are needed. DESIGN/METHODS: 452 DPNP patients were randomized (1:1:1:1:1:2:1 ratio) to DS-5565 (5mg qd, 10mg qd, 15mg qd, 10mg bid, 15mg bid), placebo, or pregabalin (150mg bid) for 5 weeks. DS-5565 15mg bid and pregabalin 150mg bid groups were titrated from half doses during week 1. The primary endpoint was weekly change in average daily pain score (ADPS) for DS-5565 versus placebo from baseline to week 5 (minimally meaningful effect, at least 1.0-point decrease [0 to 10 NRS scale] versus placebo). DS-5565 dose-response based on the proportion of patients achieving a 蠅30% or 蠅50% reduction from baseline in ADPS at week 5 was also assessed. Safety and tolerability were assessed based on the overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). RESULTS: DS-5565 15mg qd, 10mg bid, and 15mg bid showed significant improvements in ADPS versus placebo (P<0.05). Mean changes in ADPS from baseline to week 5 (LOCF) for DS-5565 5mg qd, 10mg qd, 15mg qd, 10mg bid, 15mg bid, and placebo, were -2.04, -2.32, -2.66, -2.64, -2.79, and -1.86, respectively. For the DS-5565 15mg qd, 10mg bid, 15mg bid, and placebo groups, the proportion of patients with a 蠅30% decrease in ADPS was 66.7%, 60.7%, 56.1%, and 41,7%, respectively (P<0.05 for 15mg qd, 10mg bid); a 蠅50% decrease was seen in 39.2%, 42.9%, 43.9%, and 24.1%, respectively (P<0.05). Most frequent TEAEs for DS-5565 (n=277) were dizziness 26(9.4%), somnolence 17(6.1%), and headache 17(6.1%). CONCLUSIONS: DS-5565 demonstrated efficacy with dose-response and was well tolerated at dosages evaluated for treatment of DPNP. Study Supported by: Daiichi Sankyo Inc.
PROTHYMOSIN ALPHA PROTECTS AGAINST CARDIAC ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY VIA TLR4-ACTIVATION AND GRK2 DOWNREGULATION (2020)

Background:The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) is upregulated in the ischemic myocardium, accounting for myocyteβ-adrenergic receptor (βAR) desensitization/downregulation, apoptosis, and perturbed metabolism. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),induces GRK2 inhibition in leukocytes and macrophage while prothymosin alpha (PTα) is a pro-survival protein in cardiomyocytes that, in the retina and neuronal cells,is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs)able to bind TLR4. Herein, we tested whether PTα-dependent beneficial effects in cardiomyocytes implies TLR4 activation and GRK2 down-regulation. Methods:Weusedneonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) underwent simulated ischemia (SI) or SI/reperfusion (SI/R). Results:We found that GRK2 protein levels plummeted after SI, returning at baseline levels in reperfused injured cardiomyocytes.Conversely, PTα treatment of NRVMsprevented GRK2 upregulation either after SI/R(in a TLR4-dependentmanner) or chronic adrenergic receptor stimulation. In I/R challenged NRVMs, we observed an increased mitochondrial translocation of GRK2, which was inhibited by PTα treatment. PTα markedly blunted cardiomyocyte apoptotic rate, increased cell survival, and improved mitochondrial function. We crowned these in vitro findings with in vivo studies, delivering PTα intramyocardially to WT C57Bl6 mice subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Control (vehicle-treated) I/R mice exhibited markedly elevated GRK2 and apoptotic rates, effects ostensibly attenuated inPTα-treated I/R mice. Conclusions:The PTα/TLR4 axisis anovel strategyto blockGRK2 and prevent cardiomyocytes damage after ischemia. Thus, present findings offer new avenues to offset chronic post-ischemic myocyte loss that remains a clinically relevant unmet clinical milestone.
Selective Protein Immobilization onto Gold Nanoparticles Deposited under Vacuum on a Protein-Repellent Self-Assembled Monolayer (2013)

The immobilization of proteins on flat substrates plays an important role for a wide spectrum of applications in the fields of biology, medicine, and biochemistry, among others. An essential prerequisite for the use of proteins (e.g., in biosensors) is the conservation of their biological activity. Losses in activity upon protein immobilization can largely be attributed to a random attachment of the proteins to the surface. In this study, we present an approach for the immobilization of proteins onto a chemically heterogeneous surface, namely a surface consisting of protein-permissive and protein-repellent areas, which allows for significant reduction of random protein attachment. As protein-permissive, i.e., as protein-binding sites, ultra pure metallic nanoparticles are deposited under vacuum onto a protein-repellent PEG-silane polymer layer. Using complementary surface characterization techniques (atomic force microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) we demonstrate that the Au nanoparticles remain accessible for protein attachment without compromising the protein-repellency of the PEG-silane background. Moreover, we show that the amount of immobilized protein can be controlled by tuning the Au nanoparticle coverage. This method shows potential for applications requiring the control of protein immobilization down to the single molecule level.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Nitro-Michael Reaction (2006)

A new organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitro-olefins has been developed. Direct addition of ketones 1 to nitro-olefins 2 in the presence of 30 mol% of chiral primary amine 3 provides γ-nitro-ketones in good yields, enantioselectivities, and diastereoselectivities. The reaction presumably proceeds via an enamine intermediate. Cyclic and acyclic alkyl ketones 1 react with aromatic nitro-olefins 2 to give the desired products. Additionally, a transition state to explain the observed relative and absolute configuration is proposed.
Myocardial diffusion tensor imaging using diffusion-prepared SSFP (2013)

Diffusion tensor imaging of the myocardium is challenging due to the large bulk motion of the heart relative to the distance water diffuses. One solution is to use diffusion gradients on two consecutive heartbeats, with EPI to readout the stimulated echo The technique has not been widely adopted, primarily due to the long imaging times required to overcome the low SNR of the technique. Recent new technology such as 3T scanners and 32-channel cardiac arrays improve the SNR, helping to make this approach feasible clinically. SSFP provides reduced distortion and high image quality, therefore we investigated the feasibility of replacing the EPI readout with SSFP for myocardial diffusion tensor imaging at 3T.