gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pinpointing drivers of widespread colonization of Legionella pneumophila in a green building: Roles of water softener system, expansion tank, and reduced occupancy (2023)

Introduction Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that is a key contributor to drinking water-associated disease outbreaks in the United States. Prolonged water stagnation periods in building plumbing systems due to low occupancy, especially during building shutdowns, breaks, and holidays, can lead to water quality deterioration and (re)colonization of buildings with L. pneumophila . Water monitoring in buildings typically relies on grab samples with small datasets. Methods In this study, a larger dataset was created by sampling a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified data-rich commercial building for L. pneumophila and physical-chemical water quality during the COVID-19 pandemic after reduced building occupancy. A proxy for human occupancy rates using WIFI logins was recorded throughout the study period. Results L. pneumophila was observed in grab samples taken throughout the building, where concentrations generally increased with greater distances from the building point of entry to locations throughout the building. Factors conducive to microbial growth were identified in the building including fluctuations in water temperatures, lack of chlorine residual, a low water heater setpoint, colonized water-saving fixtures, prolonged stagnation throughout the building; especially in an expansion tank designed to reduce pressure issues during demand fluctuations, and the presence of oversized softener tanks with ion exchange resin that contributed to chlorine residual removal as well as colonization of the resin with L. pneumophila . Discussion Flushing and thermal disinfection alone did not resolve the problem, and replacement of the expansion tank ultimately resolved the L. pneumophila issue. As ad-hoc approaches are logistically- and time-intensive, more proactive approaches are needed for informing preventative and corrective actions for reducing the risk of exposure to opportunistic pathogens in the building plumbing.
Analysis of Privacy-Preserving Element Reduction of Multiset. (2006)

Among private set operations, the privacy preserving element reduction of a multiset can be an important tool for privacy enhancing technology as itself or in the combination with other private set operations. Recently, a protocol, over-threshold-set-union-protocol, for a privacy preserving element reduction method of a multiset was proposed by Kissner and Song in Crypto 2005. In this paper, we point out that there is a mathematical flaw in their polynomial representation of element reduction of a multiset and the resulting protocol error from the flaw in the polynomial representation of a multiset. We correct their polynomial representation of a multiset and propose an over-threshold-set-operation-protocol based on the corrected representation. Our over-threshold-set-operation-protocol can be combined with a privacy preserving set operation and outputs those elements appears over the predetermined threshold number times in the resulting multiset of set operation.
Differences in Curve Behavior After Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients With Open Triradiate Cartilages (2009)

Patients with scoliosis and OTRC have a greater risk of adding-on proximally and of loss of correction with anterior-only instrumentation; they may also have less predictable lumbar correction from selective thoracic fusion. However, after combined surgery, they have results similar to those of more skeletally mature patients.
A Joint Model for Discovery of Aspects in Utterances (2012)

We describe a joint model for understanding user actions in natural language utterances. Our multi-layer generative approach uses both labeled and unlabeled utterances to jointly learn aspects regarding utterance’s target do-main (e.g. movies), intention (e.g., finding a movie) along with other semantic units (e.g., movie name). We inject information extracted from unstructured web search query logs as prior information to enhance the generative process of the natural language utterance un-derstanding model. Using utterances from five domains, our approach shows up to 4.5 % im-provement on domain and dialog act perfor-mance over cascaded approach in which each semantic component is learned sequentially and a supervised joint learning model (which requires fully labeled data). 1
An NF1-like Protein Functions as a Repressor of the von Willebrand Factor Promoter (1996)

The expression of the von Willebrand factor (vWf) gene is restricted to endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. We have previously reported the identification of a region of the vWf gene that regulates its cell-type-specific expression in cell culture. This region (spanning nucleotides -487 to +247) consists of a core promoter (spanning nucleotides -90 to +22), a positive regulatory region (spanning nucleotides +155 to +247), and a negative regulatory region spanning nucleotides -312 to -487. To identify the trans-acting factor(s) that interacts with the negative regulatory region, we carried out gel mobility and DNase1 footprint analyses of sequences -312 to -487. These analyses demonstrated that an NF1-like protein interacts with DNA sequences spanning -440 to -470 nucleotides in the negative regulatory region of the vWf promoter. Base substitution mutations of the NF1 binding site abolished the NF1-DNA interaction. Furthermore, mutation of the NF1 binding site in the promoter fragment (-487 to +155) that contained the core and the negative regulatory region resulted in activation of the mutant promoter in both endothelial and nonendothelial cells. The wild type promoter fragment (-487 to +155) was not activated in either cell type. These results demonstrate that an NF1-like protein functions as a repressor of vWf promoter activity. In contrast, the mutation of the same NF1 binding site, but now in the context of the larger 734-base pair endothelial cell-specific promoter fragment (-487 to +247), did not result in promoter activation in nonendothelial cells. The data indicate that there are additional repressor elements within the vWf promoter region suppressing its activity specifically, in nonendothelial cells, and suggest that there is a secondary repressor element(s) that is located in the terminal region of the first exon of this gene.
Abstract WP154: Forced- and Voluntary-Rate Aerobic Exercise Training Improve Cardiovascular Function in Individuals With Chronic Stroke (2017)

Introduction: Aerobic exercise (AE) has been shown to be efficacious in improving cardiovascular function following stroke; however, it is not routinely incorporated into post-stroke rehabilitation. Two modes of aerobic stationary bicycling (forced and voluntary rate) were applied to individuals with chronic stroke as part of a study to determine the effects of AE on motor recovery and cardiovascular function, compared to a no exercise control group. We hypothesized that both modes of AE training would elicit similar improvements in cardiorespiratory function, while no improvement would be evident in the control group. Methods: Twenty-five individuals with chronic stroke were randomized to complete forced-rate aerobic exercise (FE, n=8), voluntary-rate aerobic exercise (VE, n=8), or no AE (n=9). All AE sessions were 45 minutes in length and occurred on a semi-recumbent cycle ergometer. All participants also completed upper extremity task practice, as the study was investigating the neuroplastic effects of AE on motor recovery. Participants in all groups underwent time-matched interventions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. An exercise stress test and six-minute walk test were completed at baseline and end of treatment (EOT). Results: Individuals in the FE and VE groups exercised at mean intensities of 56.5% and 55.9% of heart rate reserve, respectively. Peak oxygen consumption improved significantly from baseline to EOT for the FE and VE groups by 1.1 and 2.4 mL/kg/min, respectively, with no change in the control group. Ventilatory threshold improved by a mean of 1.1 mL/kg/min in FE participants, was unchanged in VE participants, and decreased by 1.5 mL/kg/min for those in the control group. Heart rate (HR) response during each stage of the stress test improved for 75% of the FE and VE participants and 44% of control group participants. During the 6-minute walk test, the FE, VE, and control groups improved by a mean of 190, 132, and 90 feet, respectively. Conclusions: Individuals with chronic stroke tolerated both modes of intensive AE. The 8-week intervention elicited improvements in peak oxygen consumption, HR response, and activity tolerance. Both FE and VE were efficacious in improving cardiovascular fitness, while simultaneously enhancing motor recovery.
Eye and Ear Temperature Using Infrared Thermography Are Related to Rectal Temperature in Dogs at Rest or With Exercise (2016)

Rectal body temperature (BT) has been documented in exercising dogs to monitor thermoregulation, heat stress risk, and performance during physical activity. Eye (BT<sub>eye</sub>) and ear (BT<sub>ear</sub>) temperature measured with infrared thermography (IRT) were compared to rectal (BT<sub>rec</sub>) temperature as the reference method and assess alternative sites to track hyperthermia, possibly to establish BT<sub>eye</sub> IRT as a passive and non-contact method. BT measures were recorded at 09:00, 11:30, 12:30, and 02:30 from Labrador Retrievers (<i>N</i> = 16) and Beagles (<i>N</i> = 16) while sedentary and with 30-min play-exercise (pre- and 0, 15, 30-min post-exercise). Total exercise locomotor activity counts were recorded to compare relative intensity of play-exercise between breeds. BT<sub>rec</sub>, BT<sub>eye</sub>, and BT<sub>ear</sub> were measured within 5 min of the target time. Each BT method was analyzed by analysis of variance for main effects of breed and time. Method differences were compared using Bland-Altman plots and linear regression. Sedentary BT differed by breed for BT<sub>rec</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), BT<sub>ear</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and BT<sub>eye</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.06) with Labs having on average 0.3-0.8°C higher BT compared to Beagles. Readings also declined over time for BT<sub>eye</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and BT<sub>ear</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), but not for BT<sub>rec</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.63) for both breeds. Total exercise (30-min) activity counts did not differ (<i>p</i> = 0.53) between breeds. Time and breed interaction was significant in response to exercise for both BT<sub>rec</sub> and BT<sub>ear</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.035 and <i>p</i> = 0.005, respectively), with a marginal interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.09) for BT<sub>eye</sub>. All the three methods detected hyperthermia with Labs having a higher increase compared to Beagles. Both BT<sub>ear</sub> and BT<sub>eye</sub> were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) related to BT<sub>rec</sub> in all dogs with sedentary or exercise activity. The relationship between BT<sub>eye</sub> and BT<sub>rec</sub> improved when monitoring exercise hyperthermia (<i>r</i> = 0.674) versus measures at rest (<i>r</i> = 0.381), whereas BT<sub>ear</sub> was significantly related to BT<sub>rec</sub> regardless of activity (<i>r</i> = 0.615-0.735). Although BT readings were significantly related, method bias (<i>p</i> < 0.02) was observed for BT<sub>eye</sub> to slightly underestimate BT<sub>rec</sub>, whereas no bias was observed between BT<sub>ear</sub> and BT<sub>rec</sub>. This study demonstrates that IRT technology effectively measures both ear and eye temperature and enables effective monitoring of BT changes at rest, with exercise, and between breeds. However, ear, and not eye, temperature is a better reflection of rectal temperature.
Robust human identification using ecg: eigenpulse revisited (2010)

Biometrics, such as fingerprint, iris scan, and face recognition, offer methods for identifying individuals based on a
unique physiological measurement. Recent studies indicate that a person's electrocardiogram (ECG) may also
provide a unique biometric signature. Several methods for processing ECG data have appeared in the literature and
most approaches rest on an initial detection and segmentation of the heartbeats. Various sources of noise, such as
sensor noise, poor sensor placement, or muscle movements, can degrade the ECG signal and introduce errors into
the heartbeat segmentation. This paper presents a screening technique for assessing the quality of each segmented
heartbeat. Using this technique, a higher quality signal can be extracted to support the identification task. We
demonstrate the benefits of this quality screening using a principal component technique known as eigenpulse. The
analysis demonstrated the improvement in performance attributable to the quality screening.
Excited-State Lifetimes of Far-Infrared Collective Modes in Proteins (2001)

Vibrational excitations of low frequency collective modes are essential for functionally important conformational transitions in proteins. Here we report the first direct measurement on the lifetime of vibrational excitations of the collective modes at 87 microm (115 cm(-1)) in bacteriorhodopsin, a transmembrane protein. The data show that these modes have extremely long lifetime of vibrational excitations, over 500 ps, accommodating 1500 vibrations. We suggest that there is a connection between this relatively slow anharmonic relaxation rate of approximately 10(9) sec(-1) and the similar observed rate of conformational transitions in proteins, which require multilevel vibrational excitations.
AutoLabel (2016)

Most location based services require semantic place names such as Staples, rather than physical coordinates. Past work has mostly focussed on achieving localization accuracy, while assuming that the translation of physical coordinates to semantic names will be done manually. This paper makes an effort to automate this step, by leveraging the presence of a website corresponding to each store and the availability of a repository of WiFi-tagged pictures from different stores. By correlating the text inside the pictures, against the text extracted from store websites, our proposed system, called AutoLabel, can automatically label clusters of pictures, and the corresponding WiFi APs, with store names. Later, when a user enters a store, her mobile device scans the WiFi APs and consults a lookup table to recognize the store she is in. Experiment results from 40 different stores show recognition accuracy upwards of 87%, even with as few as 10 pictures from a store, offering hope that automatic large-scale semantic labeling may indeed be possible from pictures and websites of stores.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition from Superlithiophobicity to Superlithiophilicity of Garnet Solid‐State Electrolyte. (2016)

Abstract The garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte Li 6.85 La 2.9 Ca 0.1 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 is prepared by calcination of LiOH, La 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 , ZrO 2 , and Nb 2 O 5 in air (900 °C, 10 h) followed by pelletizing and further annealing at 1050 °C (12 h).
Terminal-based joint selection and configuration of MEC host and RAW network (1998)

There are several scenarios involving multi-hop heterogeneous wireless
networks requiring reliable and available features combined with
multi-access edge computing, such as Industry 4.0. This document
discusses mechanisms to allow a terminal influencing the selection of
a MEC host for instantiation of the terminal-targeted MEC applications
and functions, and (re)configuring the RAW network lying in between
the terminal and the selected MEC host. This document assumes IETF RAW
and ETSI MEC integration, fostering discussion about extensions at
both IETF and ETSI MEC to better support these scenarios.
CCD Camera Calibration for Real-time Photogrammetry. (1996)

Camera calibration without control points and automated orientation are being received attention for the operatinalization of digital photogrammety. Ideally, real-time camera calibration could be performed by using GPS and optical gyro. Such these equipments, however, are not widely diffuse due to the price aspect. Then, it is thinkable following two ways as a calibration method that is not depend on these equipments. One is a reducing control points by utilizing information such as distances which are included on the image. Another is a utilizing special equipment such as video theodolite.This paper presents the above two calibration methods for real-time photogrammetry.
Leakage Minimization of SRAM Cells in a Dual-$V_t$ and Dual-$T_{\rm ox}$ Technology (2008)

Aggressive CMOS scaling results in low threshold voltage and thin oxide thickness for transistors manufactured in deep submicrometer regime. As a result, reducing the subthreshold and tunneling gate leakage currents has become one of the most important criteria in the design of VLSI circuits. This paper presents a method based on dual- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> and dual- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ox</sub> assignment to reduce the total leakage power dissipation of static random access memories (SRAMs) while maintaining their performance. The proposed method is based on the observation that read and write delays of a memory cell in an SRAM block depend on the physical distance of the cell from the sense amplifier and the decoder. Thus, the idea is to deploy different configurations of six-transistor SRAM cells corresponding to different threshold voltage and oxide thickness assignments for the transistors. Unlike other techniques for low-leakage SRAM design, the proposed technique incurs neither area nor delay overhead. In addition, it results in a minor change in the SRAM design flow. The leakage saving achieved by using this technique is a function of the values of the high threshold voltage and the oxide thickness, as well as the number of rows and columns in the cell array. Simulation results with a 65-nm process demonstrate that this technique can reduce the total leakage power dissipation of a 64 times 512 SRAM array by 33% and that of a 32 times 512 SRAM array by 40%.
Machine learning aided cognitive RAT selection for 5G heterogeneous networks (2017)

The starring role of the Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) strategy as the key Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture for future 5G networks poses serious challenges to the current user association (cell selection) mechanisms used in cellular networks. The max-SINR algorithm, although historically effective for performing this function, is inefficient at best and obsolete at worst in 5G HetNets. The foreseen embarrassment of riches and diversified propagation characteristics of network attachment points spanning multiple Radio Access Technologies (RAT) requires novel and creative context-aware system designs that optimize the association and routing decisions in the context of single-RAT and multi-RAT connections, respectively. This paper proposes a framework under these guidelines that relies on Machine Learning techniques at the terminal device level for Cognitive RAT Selection and presents simulation results to suppport it.
Theoretical and experimental conformational analysis of two diastereomeric "Val"-statine derivatives. (1992)

The preferred conformations and self-association modes of the two diastereomeric N-acetyl, methylamides of 3-hydroxy, 4-amino, 5-methylhexanoic acid ("Val"-statine) with (S,S) and (R,S) configurations at the 3-hydroxy and 4-amino carbon atoms, respectively, were determined in solution as well as in the crystal state by infrared absorption, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction. A corollary conformational energy computation study was also carried out. In the crystal state intramolecular H-bonds are absent in both structures. However, the change in chirality of the carbon atom carrying the hydroxy group and the presence of a co-crystallized water molecule in the (S,S) isomer induce partially different backbone and "Val" side chain conformations and divergent intermolecular H-bonding schemes in the two isomers. A marked propensity to self-aggregate is seen in solvents of low polarity. The two isomers, however, are largely solvated in solvents of high polarity. Conformational energy computations indicate that in vacuo both diastereomers exhibit a significant flexibility and the conformers presenting absolute minima are not stabilized by any intramolecular bonding.
A New Method for the Selective Bridge Functionalization of [2.2]Paracyclophanediene – Indenyl-Annelated [2.2]Paracyclophanedienes and Their Iron Complexes (1998)

[2.2]Paracyclophane-1,9-diene (1) is readily deprotonated at its vinylic positions with BuLi to give the monolithium derivative 2 and – in the presence of TMEDA – even the 1,9-/1,10-dilithium derivatives 1,9-/1,10-6. Reaction of 2 with a variety of electrophiles including benzaldehyde and ethyl formate led to bridge-substituted derivatives 3a–d (71-89% yields) and 4, 5 (95 and 91%, respectively). Electrophilic substitution of 1,9-/1,10-6 with benzaldehyde gave the bis(vinylbenzyl) alcohols 1,9-/1,10-8 in 39% yield. The vinylbenzyl alcohols 5 and 1,9-/1,10-8 underwent cyclization upon treatment with zinc(II) chloride in 1,2-dichloroethane to give the indene-annelated [2.2]paracyclophane 9 (72%) and the bis(indene)-annelated compounds syn-11 and anti-11 (39%, ratio 19:1). Both 9 and syn-11, when treated with FeCl2•(THF)2 after deprotonation with methyllithium in the presence of excess lithium cyclopentadienide gave mixed-ligand ferrocene-type complexes 12 (63%) and syn-/anti-16 (46%). The bis(indeno[2.2]paracyclophane-9-ene) complex 13 was obtained from deprotonated 9 in 61% yield and characterized by an X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Probing Redox Reaction Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrites Utilizing X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Techniques (2017)

Spinel ferrites such as CuFe2O4, Fe3O4 and ZnFe2O4 are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities, natural elemental abundances and nontoxicity. Although these spinels are from a related family of materials, there are differences among their cation arrangements, thus, providing an opportunity to study their redox mechanisms during lithiation and delithiation. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) techniques which analyze x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) offer insight into both local geometry and electronic structure of the absorbing atom. Additionally, when combined with x-ray microscopy, these methods can detect subtle electronic changes at resolutions as low as 10 nm. With this level of insight, XAS is a necessary tool to probe the redox mechanism of the spinel ferrites. Herein, the ex-situ XAS analysis of spinel ferrites is described to highlight the changes to the metal centers during discharge and charge.