gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering Enabled Low Temperature Growth of Magnetic Insulator on Topological Insulator (2022)

Abstract Combining topological insulators (TIs) and magnetic materials in heterostructures is crucial for advancing spin‐based electronics. Magnetic insulators (MIs) can be deposited on TIs using the spin‐spray process, which is a unique nonvacuum, low‐temperature growth process. TIs have highly reactive surfaces that oxidize upon exposure to atmosphere, making it challenging to grow spin‐spray ferrites on TIs. In this work, it is demonstrated that a thin titanium capping layer on TI, followed by oxidation in atmosphere to produce a thin TiO x interfacial layer, protects the TI surface, without significantly compromising spin transport from the magnetic material across the TiO x to the TI surface states. First, it is demonstrated that in Bi 2 Te 3 /TiO x /Ni 80 Fe 20 heterostructures, TiO x provides an excellent barrier against diffusion of magnetic species, yet maintains a large spin‐pumping effect. Second, the TiO x is also used as a protective capping layer on Bi 2 Te 3 , followed by the spin‐spray growth of the MI, Ni x Zn y Fe 2 O 4 (NZFO). For the thinnest TiO x barriers, Bi 2 Te 3 /TiO x /NZFO samples have antiferromagnetic (AFM) disordered interfacial layer because of diffusion. With increasing TiO x barrier thickness, the diffusion is reduced, but still maintains strong interfacial magnetic exchange‐interaction. These experimental results demonstrate a novel method of low‐temperature growth of magnetic insulators on TIs enabled by interface engineering.
Protein kinase A and C site-specific phosphorylations of LAP (NF-IL6) modulate its binding affinity to DNA recognition elements. (1994)

LAP (NF-IL6 or C/EBP beta), is a liver transcriptional activator protein that confers liver-specific gene expression. Because LAP has a characteristic phosphoacceptor sequence for cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), we tested if in vitro phosphorylation of LAP by PKA modulates its interaction with specific DNA sequences. The major PKA phosphorylation site of LAP was identified as Ser105, which is a predicted PKA site. As expected, this PKA phosphorylation site disappears after mutation of Ser105 to Ala. Kinetic studies with LAP and LAP Asp105 (which mimics a phosphoserine residue) demonstrated that phosphorylation of Ser105 itself has no effect on DNA binding. Phosphorylation of other sites by PKA, identified in the region between Ser173 and Ser223 and at Ser240, by analysis of truncated and mutated LAP peptides, resulted in an inhibition of DNA binding. LAP was also phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C in vitro, and the major phosphoacceptor was shown to be Ser240 within the DNA-binding domain of LAP. Phosphorylation of LAP at this residue or introduction of a Ser240 to Asp mutation resulted in marked decrease in its binding to DNA. These results suggest that site-specific phosphorylations of LAP modulate transactivation of its target genes.
Cryogenic Impact Properties of Medical Packaging Films (1992)

In many transport and storage situations, medical packages are exposed to cryogenic conditions. In this article we describe the impact behavior of many of the commonly used medical film materials as a function of tempera ture from about —140 to + 20 ° C. High speed stress-strain data were generated on an instrumented impact tester fitted with a cryogenic sample conditioning chamber. In addition, the observed impact properties were correlated to the Dynamic Mechanical spectrum to provide better understanding of the molec ular basis for physical property behavior.
Assessment of Pipeline Condition Using Heterogeneous Input Data (2004)

An inverse analysis model was developed which provides a mathematical framework for interpretation, in terms of the condition of a buried pipeline, of survey data in the presence of random noise. A boundary-element forward model was coupled with a weighted nonlinear regression algorithm to obtain pipe surface properties from two types of survey data: soil-surface potentials and local values of current flowing through the pipe. The model was demonstrated for synthetic data generated for a section of a coated underground pipeline electrically connected to a vertical sacrificial anode. The success of the regression was sensitive to the relative weighting applied in the objective function to the respective types of data. A generalized weighted and scaled objective function is proposed. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Deubiquitinating Enzymes (2022)

The Ubiquitin Proteosome system and its role in protein homeostasis has been a focus of research efforts since it was first discovered. A less studied aspect of the UPS are the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) responsible for reversing ubiquitination. In recent years, interest in DUBs as targets for new therapies has increased as the emergent field has matured. New assays and technologies have revealed key insights into the role of DUBs in biological processes and disease. In this chapter, we explore DUB function and role in cellular machinery, as well as the potential to target DUBs for therapeutic application.
Micro‐phase‐separation behavior of amphiphilic polyurethanes involving poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (2003)

Abstract The temperature dependence of thermal, morphological, and rheological properties of amphiphilic polyurethanes was examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), rheological measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Multiblock (MPU) and triblock (TPU) polyurethanes were synthesized with two crystallizable segments—poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a hydrophilic block and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) as a hydrophobic block. DSC and WAXS measurements demonstrated that the microphase of MPUs in the solid state is dominantly affected by the PEO crystalline phase. However, high‐order peaks were not observed in the SAXS measurements because the crystallization of the PEO segments in MPUs was retarded by poor sequence regularity. The microphase in the melt state was induced by the hydrogen bonding between the NH group of hexamethylene diisocyanate linkers and the ether oxygen of PEO or PTMO blocks. As the temperature increased, the smaller micro‐phase‐separated domains were merged into the larger domains, and the liquidlike ordering was eventually disrupted because of the weakening hydrogen bonding. However, the fully homogeneous state of an MPU with a molar ratio of 5/5 PEO/PTMO (MPU55) was not confirmed even at much higher temperatures with both SAXS and rheological measurements. However, the SAXS patterns of TPU showed weak but broad second‐order peaks below the melting temperature of the PEO block. Compared with MPU55, the ordering of the TPU crystalline lamellar stacks was enhanced because of the high sequence regularity and the low hydrogen‐bonding density. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2365–2374, 2003
Underwater multi-robot convoying using visual tracking by detection (2017)

We present a robust multi-robot convoying approach that relies on visual detection of the leading agent, thus enabling target following in unstructured 3-D environments. Our method is based on the idea of tracking-by-detection, which interleaves efficient model-based object detection with temporal filtering of image-based bounding box estimation. This approach has the important advantage of mitigating tracking drift (i.e. drifting away from the target object), which is a common symptom of model-free trackers and is detrimental to sustained convoying in practice. To illustrate our solution, we collected extensive footage of an underwater robot in ocean settings, and hand-annotated its location in each frame. Based on this dataset, we present an empirical comparison of multiple tracker variants, including the use of several convolutional neural networks, both with and without recurrent connections, as well as frequency-based model-free trackers. We also demonstrate the practicality of this tracking-by-detection strategy in real-world scenarios by successfully controlling a legged underwater robot in five degrees of freedom to follow another robot's independent motion.
Possible involvement of glycolipids in anticancer drug resistance of human ovarian serous carcinoma-derived cells (2012)

Glycolipid and transporter protein gene expression in ovarian serous carcinoma-derived 2008 cells, and their paclitaxel-resistant Px2 and cisplatin-resistant C13 forms was examined to confirm the previous finding, i.e., that it was characteristically altered in anticancer drug-resistant cells established on continuous cultivation of ovarian carcinoma-derived KF28 cells in the different anticancer drug-containing media. Although the concentrations of lipid constituents in 2008 cells were higher than those in KF28 cells, and the glycolipid compositions were different, the following glycolipids and genes were commonly altered in KF28- and 2008-derived resistant cells. Gb(3)Cer was increased in all resistant cells, irrespective of whether the resistance was to paclitaxel or cisplatin, and expression of the MDR1 gene and gangliosides was enhanced in paclitaxel-resistant cells, but gangliosides were absent in cisplatin-resistant cells. In accord with the decreased amounts of gangliosides in cisplatin-resistant cells, the gene expression and specific activity of GM3 synthase were greatly decreased in cisplatin-resistant cells. Furthermore, paclitaxel- and cisplatin-resistant cells were converted to forms more sensitive to the respective anticancer drugs on cultivation with D-PDMP, an inhibitor of GlcCer synthase, and GM3, respectively, prior to the addition of anticancer drugs, indicating the possible involvement of glycolipids in anticancer drug resistance.
Complexity and Randomness in Group Theory (GAGTA Book 1) (2020)

This book shows new directions in group theory motivated by computer science. It reflects the transition from geometric group theory to group theory of the 21st century that has strong connections to computer science. Now that geometric group theory is drifting further and further away from group theory to geometry, it is natural to look for new tools and new directions in group theory which are present
Growth of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays in TiO2 Mesoporous Matrixes (2004)

An interconnected Au nanoparticle arrangement is obtained by electrodeposition from Au(III) soluble complexes within the pore system of block-copolymer templated mesoporous titania films. The resulting Au@TiO2 nanocomposites (5 nm Au particles, 5.5 nm amorphous titania walls) have the electrochemical behavior of a gold electrode of high surface area. The attenuation of Au surface plasmon due to -OH electroadsorption and the existence of mixed localized states in these Au@TiO2 nanocomposites are observed by in situ spectroelectrochemistry.
AB-INITIO CALCULATION OF THE MICROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF A GRAIN BOUNDARY IN GERMANIUM (1988)

An application of the molecular dynamics simulated annealing method for performing total energy calculations is made to the study of the microscopic structure of a high-angle grain boundary in germanium. In particular, two low energy Σ=5 (001) twist boundary structures are identified and their detailed bonding geometry is analysed by determining the local distribution of valence electron charge density. The structures are shown to exhibit two intrinsic defects : four-membered rings and three-fold coordinated atoms.
Supplementary Table S1 from Rho Kinase Inhibitors Block Melanoma Cell Migration and Inhibit Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Activity profiles of the 3 compounds against 140 kinases.&lt;/p&gt;
The Saudi-Belgian Research Campaign in the Al-Ghat Region. Preliminary results of the 2012 and 2014 campaign (2017)

The preliminary report describes the first results of two field expeditions to the Al-Ghat governate of Saudi Arabia. Jan Tavernier and Elynn Gorris discovered and documented in the Wadi el-Markh more than 80 Old North Arabian petroglyphs. In the epigraphic chapter of the report, the two authors published the preliminary reading of about 25 inscriptions in various Old North Arabian dialects. The variety in Old North Arabian dialects at the site may indicate that the Wadi el-Markh was located at a strategic Transarabian commercial route.
Impact of imprinted labels on deep learning classification of AP and PA thoracic radiographs (2019)

Deep learning can be used to classify images to verify or correct DICOM header information. One situation where this is useful is in the classification of thoracic radiographs that were acquired anteroposteriorly (AP) or posteroanteriorly (PA). A convolutional neural network (CNN) was previously trained and showed a strong performance in the task of classifying between AP and PA radiographs, giving a 0.97 &plusmn; 0.005 AUC for an independent test set. However, 81% of the AP training set and 24% of the AP independent test set consisted of images with imprinted labels. To evaluate the effect of labels on training and testing of a CNN, the labels on the images used for training were removed by cropping. Then the CNN was retrained using the cropped images with the same training parameters as before. The retrained CNN was tested on the same independent test set and resulted in a 0.95 &plusmn; 0.007 AUC in the task of classifying between AP and PA radiographs. The p-value is 0.002 between the AUCs from the two networks, showing a statistically significant decrease in performance by the network trained on the cropped images. The decrease in performance may be due to the network being previously trained to recognize imprinted labels or due to relevant anatomy being cropped along with the label, however, the performance is still high and can be incorporated in clinical workflow.
Rapid Estimation of Hydrophobicity for Virtual Combinatorial Library Analysis (2001)

Novel NPH (Nonpolar, Polar, Hydrogen) descriptors for rapid estimation of hydrophobicity, amenable for filtering extremely large virtual combinatorial libraries (VCL) are proposed, based on atom counts: P_at, the sum of polar atoms (sum of oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur); NP_at, the sum of non-polar atoms (the sum of carbons and halogens minus P_at); SHDA (the sum of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors). In combination with molecular weight, the following related parameters are defined: MWP_at (the "polar" molecular weight); MWNP_at (the "nonpolar" molecular weight); and MWSHDA (the "hydrogen bonding" molecular weight). The NPH descriptors provide moderate-to-good predictive PLS models when external prediction is evaluated against measured logP values (q2 pred > 0.5, n = 7954) or against calculated logP values (q2 pred > 0.6, n = 18 991). Related to hydrophobicity, the NPH descriptors are intended for fast analyses of extremely large VCLs (10(6)-10(12) compounds), even before the enumeration of reactants into products occurs.
Silicon micro‐velcro (1992)

Silicon micromachining technology has been employed to fabricate dense, regular arrays of microstructures which act as mechanical adhesives. Structures such as that shown in the figure have potential applications in the biocompatible bonding of human tissue during surgery, their barb‐like nature preventing retraction. A second approach, using mating structures, provides precision self ‐ alligning , room‐temperature bonding with potential in the mounting of integrated circuit chips. magnified image
Survivable Routing of Mesh Topologies in IP-over-WDM Networks by Recursive Graph Contraction (2007)

Failure restoration at the IP layer in IP-over-WDM networks requires to map the IP topology on the WDM topology in such a way that a failure at the WDM layer leaves the IP topology connected. Such a mapping is called survivable. Finding a survivable mapping is known to be NP-complete, making it impossible in practice to assess the existence or absence of such a mapping for large networks, (i) we first introduce a new concept of piecewise survivability, which makes the problem much easier in practice (although still NP-complete), and allows us to formally prove that a given survivable mapping does or does not exist, (ii) secondly, we show how to trace the vulnerable areas in the topology, and how to strengthen them to enable a survivable mapping, (iii) thirdly, we give an efficient and scalable algorithm that finds a survivable mapping. In contrast to the heuristics proposed in the literature to date, our algorithm exhibits a number of provable properties (e.g., it guarantees the piecewise survivability) that are crucial for (i) and (ii)
Effect of UUO on D1aR expression reveals a link among dopamine, transforming growth factor-β, and nitric oxide (2004)

Interactions between transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and nitric oxide (NO) are important in the pathophysiology of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Dopamine (DA) is a vasoactive renal mediator active at the D(1A) receptor (D(1A)R), which has not been studied in UUO; therefore, we examined the interactions among DA, TGF-beta, and NO in UUO. In vivo, UUO was carried out in rats with or without concurrent treatment with 1D11, a monoclonal antibody to TGF-beta, for 14 days. In vitro, NRK-52E cells (normal rat kidney tubules) were treated with DA, and NO and TGF-beta release were examined. UUO resulted in a 70% decrease in the expression of renal D(1A)R, confirmed by both Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. 1D11 treatment restored expression to 60% of control values. DA treatment decreased NRK-52E release of TGF-beta by 80%; conversely, DA significantly increased NO release from NRK-52E cells. These results suggest that DA modulates the release of cytokines, which are involved in the fibrotic and apoptotic sequelae of UUO, and that these effects are independent of DA's known vasoactive properties.
THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg2SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X (2011)

We present Cygnus X in a new multi-wavelength perspective based on an unbiased BLAST survey at 250, 350, and 500 m, combined with rich data sets for this well-studied region. Our primary goal is to investigate the early stages of high-mass star formation. We have detected 184 compact sources in various stages of evolution across all three BLAST bands. From their well-constrained spectral energy distributions, we obtain the physical properties mass, surface density, bolometric luminosity, and dust temperature. Some of the bright sources reaching 40 K contain well-known compact H ii regions. We relate these to other sources at earlier stages of evolution via the energetics as deduced from their position in the luminosity-mass (L-M) diagram. The BLAST spectral coverage, near the peak of the spectral energy distribution of the dust, reveals fainter sources too cool (10 K) to be seen by earlier shorter-wavelength surveys like IRAS. We detect thermal emission from infrared dark clouds and investigate the phenomenon of cold "starless cores" more generally. Spitzer images of these cold sources often show stellar nurseries, but these potential sites for massive star formation are "starless" in the sense that to date there is no massive protostar in a vigorous accretion phase. We discuss evolution in the context of the L-M diagram. Theory raises some interesting possibilities: some cold massive compact sources might never form a cluster containing massive stars, and clusters with massive stars might not have an identifiable compact cold massive precursor.
Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9 (2019)

Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate.
An improved sequential decoding algorithm in TD-CDMA system (2003)

We considered a sequential decoding algorithm which enables fast decoding and retransmission in TD-CDMA systems. In addition, we propose an improved FANO algorithm, which adopts the competition path in order to reduce the number of revisit nodes. The conventional FANO algorithm suffered from the drawback of much more revisit nodes. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of the TD-CDMA system with the proposed sequential decoding scheme over a wideband multipath channel.
Development and Mechanism of γ-Secretase Modulators for Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

γ-Secretase is an aspartyl intramembranal protease composed of presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph1, and Pen2 with 19 transmembrane domains. γ-Secretase cleaves the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) to release Aβ peptides that likely play a causative role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, γ-secretase cleaves Notch and other type I membrane proteins. γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been developed and used for clinical studies. However, clinical trials have shown adverse effects of GSIs that are potentially linked with nondiscriminatory inhibition of Notch signaling, overall APP processing, and other substrate cleavages. Therefore, these findings call for the development of disease-modifying agents that target γ-secretase activity to lower levels of Aβ42 production without blocking the overall processing of γ-secretase substrates. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) originally derived from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display such characteristics and are the focus of this review. However, first-generation GSMs have limited potential because of the low potency and undesired neuropharmacokinetic properties. This generation of GSMs has been suggested to interact with the APP substrate, γ-secretase, or both. To improve the potency and brain availability, second-generation GSMs, including NSAID-derived carboxylic acid and non-NSAID-derived heterocyclic chemotypes, as well as natural product-derived GSMs have been developed. Animal studies of this generation of GSMs have shown encouraging preclinical profiles. Moreover, using potent GSM photoaffinity probes, multiple studies unambiguously have showed that both carboxylic acid and heterocyclic GSMs specifically target presenilin, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. In addition, two types of GSMs have distinct binding sites within the γ-secretase complex and exhibit different Aβ profiles. GSMs induce a conformational change of γ-secretase to achieve modulation. Various models are proposed and discussed. Despite the progress of GSM research, many outstanding issues remain to be investigated to achieve the ultimate goal of developing GSMs as effective AD therapies.
Greenhouse Gas and Ice Volume Drive Pleistocene Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Isotope Variability (2021)

Abstract Orbital‐scale Indian Summer Monsoon variability is often interpreted as a direct response to northern hemisphere summer insolation. Here we present a continuous (0–640 kyr) orbital scale precipitation isotope (δD precip ) record using leaf wax δD from the core monsoon zone of India. The δD precip record is quantitatively coherent with, and δD precip minima in phase with, greenhouses gas maxima, and ice volume minima across all orbital bands. The δD precip record is also coherent and in phase with the two existing orbital‐scale Indian speleothem δ 18 O records, demonstrating a consistent regional response among independent proxies. These findings preclude interpretation of Indian precipitation isotope records as a direct response to northern hemisphere summer insolation. Rather, they dominantly reflect changes in moisture source and transport paths associated with changes in greenhouse gases and ice volume. The orbital‐scale precipitation isotope responses of the Indian and East Asian monsoon systems are uncoupled and are driven by different forcings.