gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New hybrid polysilane/polysiloxane nanocomposites (1996)

Polysilanes are saturated organosilicon macromolecules which display polyene-like electronic properties derived from {sigma}-bond delocalization along the catenated silicon backbone. Potential commercial applications of polysilanes include display devices, NLO materials, semiconductors, photoresists and photoconductors. While Wuertz coupling of dichlorosilane monomers is currently the best synthetic route for large scale preparation of high molecular weight polysilanes, drawbacks include using stoichiometric quantities of molten alkali metal, low polymer yields and significant amounts of hazardous waste. These reaction conditions also limit one`s choice of side group to the most robust organic substituents. Titanocene- and zirconocene-catalyzed polymerization of phenylsilane under mild conditions provides an attractive route to oligophenylsilanes with degrees of polymerization approaching 40, making the resulting of oligomers amenable for many electronic applications. While only arylsilanes can be polymerized by this route, the resulting oligophenylsilane can be functionalized by free radical hydrosilation of olefins, carbonyls and imines. Substitution along the polysilane backbone with sol-gel precursors should generate soluble functionalized polymer and ought to yield, after sol-gel polymerization, materials where the chromophore is entrained within a relatively inert siloxane matrix, an attractive strategy for utilizing polysilanes under thermally demanding or photooxidative conditions. Here the authors describe the extension of this approach to include (alkoxysilyl)propyl functionalities as latent sol-gel polymerizable residues, and the preparation of a new class of hybrid organic-inorganic polysilane-siloxane materials, derived from the sol-gel polymerization of functionalized polysilanes 2a-c.
Characterization of the Bacterial Community of the Chemically Defended Hawaiian Sacoglossan Elysia rufescens (2013)

Sacoglossans are characterized by the ability to sequester functional chloroplasts from their algal diet through a process called kleptoplasty, enabling them to photosynthesize. The bacterial diversity associated with sacoglossans is not well understood. In this study, we coupled traditional cultivation-based methods with 454 pyrosequencing to examine the bacterial communities of the chemically defended Hawaiian sacoglossan Elysia rufescens and its secreted mucus. E. rufescens contains a defense molecule, kahalalide F, that is possibly of bacterial origin and is of interest because of its antifungal and anticancer properties. Our results showed that there is a diverse bacterial assemblage associated with E. rufescens and its mucus, with secreted mucus harboring higher bacterial richness than entire-E. rufescens samples. The most-abundant bacterial groups affiliated with E. rufescens and its mucus are Mycoplasma spp. and Vibrio spp., respectively. Our analyses revealed that the Vibrio spp. that were highly represented in the cultivable assemblage were also abundant in the culture-independent community. Epifluorescence microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were utilized to detect the chemical defense molecule kahalalide F on a longitudinal section of the sacoglossan.
Calculation of Productivity of a Gas-Condensate Well: Application of Skin With Rate Dependent Pseudopressure (2005)

Abstract The most crucial region affecting well productivity is the perforated region. An accurate determination of perforation performance, required in the optimum design and well productivity estimation, could be made by fine grid simulation, but it would be costly with many technical limitations. The alternative practical approach is the use of a skin factor in open hole calculations resulting in the same flow performance as that of the perforated well. However most of the skin calculations done today are based on single-phase flow conditions. In this work, we have developed a method to determine the effect of perforation on gas condensate well productivity by defining a skin factor to be used in the pseudo pressure application. The main problem is that pseudo pressure in such systems is a function of velocity and the conventional skin factor, which is calculated for a perforated well, cannot be used directly in open hole calculations. This is due to the fact that the gas and condensate relative permeability (kr) can increase significantly by increasing the flow rate, contrary to the common understanding. This effect, known as positive coupling, complicates the flow of gas and condensate near the wellbore even further when it competes with inertial losses at higher velocities typical of those around perforation tips. The above complications, which require information on velocity-location in the perforation region, have been tackled by proposing new techniques with an emphasis on their practicality. Sensitivity studies, comparing the results of developed methods with those using finite element methods, indicated the reliability of the proposed techniques. The methods can be used to estimate variations of skin due to long-term condensate banking and the need for any intervention and remedial action.
Light‐emitting diodes fabricated on nanopatterned sapphire substrates by thermal lithography (2010)

Abstract GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated on nanopatterned sapphire substrates (nano‐PSSs) by thermal lithography with laser irradiation. The characteristics of the LEDs were measured by X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The crystalline qualities of the LEDs deteriorated with the shortening of the nanopattern periods. The nucleation of GaN was initiated from the nanopatterns, which increased the number of grain boundaries. The output power of the LEDs on the nano‐PSSs with a diameter of 200 nm and 500 nm periods was 70% higher than that on flat sapphire substrate. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Data from Targeting the Lymphotoxin-β Receptor with Agonist Antibodies as a Potential Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor family member critical for the development and maintenance of various lymphoid microenvironments. Herein, we show that agonistic anti-LTβR monoclonal antibody (mAb) CBE11 inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models and potentiated tumor responses to chemotherapeutic agents. In a syngeneic colon carcinoma tumor model, treatment of the tumor-bearing mice with an agonistic antibody against murine LTβR caused increased lymphocyte infiltration and necrosis of the tumor. A pattern of differential gene expression predictive of cellular and xenograft response to LTβR activation was identified in a panel of colon carcinoma cell lines and when applied to a panel of clinical colorectal tumor samples indicated 35% likelihood a tumor response to CBE11. Consistent with this estimate, CBE11 decreased tumor size and/or improved long-term animal survival with two of six independent orthotopic xenografts prepared from surgical colorectal carcinoma samples. Targeting of LTβR with agonistic mAbs offers a novel approach to the treatment of colorectal and potentially other types of cancers. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9617-24)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Activated carbon adsorbents from waste tires for air quality control (1999)

This study evaluates methodologies for utilizing waste tire rubber to produce carbonaceous adsorbents for use in air quality control operations. Such an approach provides a two-fold environmental and economic benefit. A recycling path is developed for waste tire rubber and new adsorbents are produced from a low cost feedstock for use in environmentally-related operations. Bench-scale and pilot-scale quantities of tire-derived activated carbon (TDAC) were produced from waste tire rubber. Raw tire rubber samples and devolatilized tire char were obtained from several US vendors. The raw samples were analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analyses. Batches of activated carbon samples were prepared using a bench-scale fixed-tubular reactor to prepare {approximately}10 g samples and a fluidized-bed reactor to prepare {approximately}100 g quantities. About 25 kg of activated carbon was also produced at a pilot-scale commercial facility. The resulting TDACs were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77K. The sample surface areas were determined by the BET method, and the pore size distribution (PSD) was evaluated using the BJH model, and a 3-D PSD model. Performance of the TDACs was evaluated in their ability to remove gaseous mercury species from simulated power-plant flue-gas streams, and for the removal of organic compounds (e.g., acetonemore » and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) from flowing gas streams.« less
Titelbild: Amine Grafting on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers of MOFs: Consequences for Catalysis and Metal Encapsulation (Angew. Chem. 22/2008) (2008)

Die ortsselektive Funktionalisierung …︁ koordinativ ungesättigter Positionen in dem metall-organischen Netzwerk MIL-101, Cr3(F,OH)(H2O)2O(O2C-C6H4-CO2)2⋅n H2O (n≈25), wird von J.-S. Chang, G. Férey et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 4212 ff. beschrieben. Wird dehydratisiertes MIL-101 mit Aminmolekülen gepropft und anschließend ein Edelmetall eingeschlossen, so erhält man einen hoch aktiven Katalysator für die Knoevenagel-Kondensation von Benzaldehyd und Ethylcyanacetat.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF O‐TRIMETHYLSILYLATED CYANOHYDRINS WITH α‐BROMOESTERS: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF TETRONIC ACIDS (1985)

Abstract Cyanhydrin‐trimethylsilylether (1) werden mit Bromessigsäureethylestern (II) in Gegenwart von Zn‐Cu zu den β‐Keto‐y‐butyrolactonen (III) bzw. den Tetronsäuren (IV) cyclokondensiert.
The efficiency challenge of nitride light‐emitting diodes for lighting (2015)

We discuss the challenges of light‐emitting diodes in view of their application to solid‐state lighting. The requirement is to at least displace the quite efficient fluorescent, sodium, and high intensity discharge lamps used today in the main energy consuming lighting sectors, industrial, commercial and outdoors, with more efficient and better light quality lamps. We show that both from the point of view of cost of ownership and carbon emissions reduction, the relevant metric is efficiency, more than the cost of lumens. Then, progress from present performance requires identification of the loss mechanisms in light emission from LEDs, and solutions competing with mainstream c ‐plane LEDS grown on sapphire need to be on par with these. Special attention is devoted to a discussion of the efficiency droop mechanisms, and of a recent direct measurement of Auger generated electrons which appear to be responsible for droop.
Reversible Redox Chemistry of Azo Compounds for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2018)

Abstract Sustainable sodium‐ion batteries (SSIBs) using renewable organic electrodes are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for the large‐scale renewable energy storage. However, the lack of high‐performance anode material impedes the development of SSIBs. Herein, we report a new type of organic anode material based on azo group for SSIBs. Azobenzene‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid sodium salt is used as a model to investigate the electrochemical behaviors and reaction mechanism of azo compound. It exhibits a reversible capacity of 170 mAh g −1 at 0.2C. When current density is increased to 20C, the reversible capacities of 98 mAh g −1 can be retained for 2000 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability and high rate capability. The detailed characterizations reveal that azo group acts as an electrochemical active site to reversibly bond with Na + . The reversible redox chemistry between azo compound and Na ions offer opportunities for developing long‐cycle‐life and high‐rate SSIBs.
Results of hypoporosis prevention in farm birds (2023)

Various feed additives are used to increase productivity in poultry farming. The purpose of our research was to study the effectiveness of the developed and patented mineral feed additive “Cu-Active” for the prevention of hypocuporosis, increasing the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The research work was carried out in the laboratories of the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and at the enterprise of ОАО “Poultry Farm “Rassvet”. It has been established that the patented mineral feed additive “Cu-Active” is not toxic for the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis and has an adsorption activity against sanitary-indicatory microorganisms (the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) at a level of 10.8 mg/g. The experimental poultry meat is of good quality according to organoleptic indices. The resulting carcasses meet the requirements of Grade I. Carcass yield - 71.0%. Saturation of the body with copper contributed to an increase in the natural resistance of the experimental poultry, a decrease in endogenous intoxication and the intensity of natural blood serum fluorescence, and, consequently, the normalization of the liver tissue functional activity. The introduction of a patented additive to compound feed for broiler chickens on the poultry farm contributes to an increase in average daily gains – by 1.9%, ensuring the poultry safety by at least 96.6% and reducing feed consumption by 4.1%. The level of profitability of poultry meat production increases by 0.51%. We recommend introducing the patented additive “Cu-Active” into compound feed for poultry in order to prevent microelementoses, hypocuporosis in particular, at a dose of 0.005%.
Adipose Stem Cells Improve the Foreign Body Response (2008)

&lt;p&gt;Many implanted devices fail due to the formation of an avascular capsule. Fat is known to promote healing and vascularization. It is possible that isolating and attaching ASCs (adipose stem cells) to an implanted device improves the healing in the adjacent tissue. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\tVarious attachment methods were studied, and the fibronectin treatment was found comparable to or better than other treatments. Next, bare and ASC coated polyurethane were implanted into rats. The fibrous capsule surrounding the bare polyurethane was thicker and contained more collagen at 8 weeks. Additionally, the microvessel density in the tissue surrounding the ASC coated polyurethane was significantly higher at 4 and 8 weeks. Quantification of glucose sensor response following ASC attachment for 1 week found no measurable significant differences in function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\tThe bioluminescence technique, which quantifies the tissue glucose concentration around the implant at the moment of freezing, was used to determine if ASC attachment to biomaterials impacts the tissue glucose concentration profile. ASC attachment to polyurethane and to glucose sensors did not significantly change the glucose profiles in the tissue. However, a quantifiable glucose concentration profile was observed around all glucose sensors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\tThe final experiments were performed to identify a possible mechanism that adipose tissue uses to alter the foreign body response. In vitro experiments showed that VEGF (VEGF-A specifically) secretion following ASC attachment to polyurethane was 10-20 times higher than with fibroblast attachment after three days and 40-70 times higher after six days. This high secretion of VEGF would likely have in vivo physiological affects on microvasculature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\tIn conclusion, the attachment of ASCs to polyurethane reduced the thickness and collagen content of the fibrous capsule surrounding ASC coated implants and increased the microvessel density in adjacent tissue. In addition, ASC attachment did not enhance glucose sensor function, nor did it decrease the glucose concentration in the adjacent tissue. Finally, ASCs were found to secrete high amounts of pro-vascular cytokines, which likely plays a key role in the observed improvement of the foreign body response.&lt;/p&gt;
Beta limits for torsatrons (1981)

An ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium and stability code is used to study ballooning modes in torsatrons. The most dangerous modes turn out to be those with low poloidal and toroidal wave numbers. Beta limits for equilibrium and stability are determined for an [unk] = 2 ultimate torsatron with large [unk] = 1 and [unk] = 3 sidebands.
[A Case of Esophageal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma(NEC)Treated with Collective Treatment]. (2020)

A 68-year-old man presented to our hospital. An upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy performed elsewhere revealed an elevated lesion with a circumferential esophageal cancer(identified as small cell carcinoma). Perthe treatment forsmall cell cancer and the standard treatment for esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma, 7 courses of CBDCA(5mg/m2)plus ETP (100mg/m2)were administered. The lesion shrank and the lymph node swelling disappeared and the patient was deemed to be in partial remission. Nine months later, however, the primary tumor increased in size. A transthoracic subtotal esophagectomy( laparoscope-assisted), 2 area dissection, and gastric tube reconstruction(post-sternal)were performed at 2 years and 10 months afterdiagnosis.
Mode hop free single mode fibre ring laser with frequency scanning using a fibre ring resonator filter combined with Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2003)

In order to obtain stable single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation from a fibre laser, both broad band and narrow band tunable filters are required. A fibre ring resonator filter (FRRF) simply composed of two directional couplers can be used for this purpose together with a cheap, commercially available, tunable band pass filter having a FWHM of a few nm. However, if one tries to make a FRRF by splicing two commercial directional couplers, it is difficult to increase the free spectral range (FSR) to greater than 1 GHz because of the short length of fibre to handle. This small FSR usually gives rise to laser mode jumping to FRRF modes rather than to main cavity modes, which makes the system inappropriate for frequency scanning. In this paper, we introduce a FRRF combined with a Mach-Zehnder interferometric filter (MZIF) as a simple solution to this problem.
Effects of CXCR4 siRNA/dextran-spermine nanoparticles on CXCR4 expression and serum LDH levels in a mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver (2011)

Liver metastasis is the main cause of mortality related to colorectal cancer. CXCR4 is necessary for the outgrowth of colon cancer micrometastases. In oncology, it has been demonstrated that several human tumors release lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the circulation. CXCR4 gene expression and serum LDH levels are often increased in patients with colorectal cancer. Despite technological advances in cancer therapy, five-year overall survival is still around 50%. Therefore, better treatment needs to be developed. RNA interference (RNAi) is a modern and powerful tool for inhibition of gene expression. However, the rate-limiting step in this technology is effective delivery of RNAi agents. We have investigated a novel strategy of CXCR4 siRNA therapy and its effect on serum LDH levels in a BALB/C mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. Hepatic metastasis was established by injecting a CT26.WT mouse colon carcinoma cell line via the tail vein. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 siRNA/ dextran-spermine nanoparticles achieved high silencing efficiency with low toxicity. Favorable localization of the nanoparticles was confirmed with CXCR4 gene expression in the liver, that was correlated with serum LDH levels. More research will be needed to determine the effect of CXCR4 silencing on serum LDH levels, which may be a useful marker for predicting liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
Empirical Effects of Dynamic Human-Body Blockage in 60 GHz Communications (2018)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) bands and other high frequencies above 6~GHz have emerged as a central component of Fifth-Generation (5G) cellular standards to deliver high data rates and ultra-low latency. A key challenge in these bands is blockage from obstacles, including the human body. In addition to the reduced coverage, blockage can result in highly intermittent links where the signal quality varies significantly with motion of obstacles in the environment. The blockages have widespread consequences throughout the protocol stack including beam tracking, link adaptation, cell selection, handover and congestion control. Accurately modeling these blockage dynamics is therefore critical for the development and evaluation of potential mmWave systems. In this work, we present a novel spatial dynamic channel sounding system based on phased array transmitters and receivers operating at 60 GHz. Importantly, the sounder can measure multiple directions rapidly at high speed to provide detailed spatial dynamic measurements of complex scenarios. The system is demonstrated in an indoor home-entertainment type setting with multiple moving blockers. Preliminary results are presented on analyzing this data with a discussion of the open issues towards developing statistical dynamic models.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and exploratory pro-cognitive effects of HTL0018318, a selective M1 receptor agonist, in healthy younger adult and elderly subjects: a multiple ascending dose study (2021)

Netherlands Trial Register identifier NTR5781 . Registered on 22 March 2016.
Effect of RP and SPPhosphorothioate Substitution at the Scissile Site on the Cleavage Activity of Deoxyribozyme 10-23 (2008)

The substrate specificity towards RNA/DNA chimeric oligonucleotide containing stereodefined phosphorothioate bond of the RP and SP configuration at the scissile site was determined for the cleavage reaction catalyzed by the deoxyribozyme 10-23. Single-turnover kinetics in the presence of either Mg2+or Mn2+ was used to determine the thio- and manganese rescue effects of the cleavage reaction. The obtained results indicate that the unmodified substrate and its SP thio-analog are specifically and efficiently cleaved even at low metal ion concentration (0.02 mM). By contrast, the presence of the phosphorothioate bond of the RP configuration at the scissile site caused complete resistance of this substrate in the deoxyribozyme-mediated cleavage reaction in a broad metal ion concentration (from 0.02 to 100 mM). These findings indicate the lack of a direct metal ion coordination to the non-bridging phosphate oxygens of the scissile phosphate bond (no β catalysis is observed). Plausible mechanism of this 10-23 deoxyribozyme-assisted catalysis reaction involves engagement of the divalent metal cation in the coordination of the oxygen of the 2-OH group and migration of proton to the pro-RP oxygen of the scissile phosphate. Keywords: Phosphorothioate, Scissile Site, Deoxyribozyme 10-23, Cleavage Activity, chimeric oligonucleotide, catalysis reaction
Predictive TCAD for NBTI stress-recovery in various device architectures and channel materials (2017)

A 3-D TCAD framework is proposed for simulating Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) in Silicon (Si) and Silicon Germanium (SiGe) channel p-MOSFETs. Different types of device architectures such as planar, bulk and SOI FinFETs as well as Gate All Around Nanowire FETs (GAA NWFETs) have been simulated. The framework can predict device degradation during stress and the recovery of degradation after stress. NBTI measured data are predicted for Si and SiGe planar devices with different Ge%, and Si FinFETs. Calibrated TCAD is used to predict impact of technology scaling on NBTI, for constant gate bias (VG) and constant overdrive (VOV) stress. It is reported that (1) reducing the fin and NW width makes NBTI reliability worse for FinFETs and NWFETs, (2) devices with SiGe channel offer superior NBTI reliability as compared to Si channel, consistent with published reports, and (3) GAA NWFETs are more NBTI-prone when compared to planar and FinFET architectures. The fin and NW geometry dependence of NBTI Voltage Acceleration Factor (VAF) and degradation at End-Of-Life (EOL) have been investigated in detail.