gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Rationally Designed Graphene‐Based Materials and Devices (2016)

With its exceptional charge transport properties, graphene has emerged as a potential replacement material in the electronics industry. For these applications, much effort has been devoted toward the synthesis of large defect-free graphene sheets. However, recent developments have enabled the efficient production of micrometer- and nanometer-sized graphene sheets in the solution phase. These suspensions have stimulated the development of novel materials and devices that more fully exploit the tunability and large specific surface area of pristine graphene. This review highlights advances in the understanding of the defect structure and properties of as-produced graphene as well as strategies for its chemical selection and modification, which facilitates its use in functional materials and devices.
Flexible and distributed real-time control on a 4G telecom MPSoC (2010)

Applications like 4G baseband modem require single-chip implementation to meet the integration and power consumption requirements. These applications demand a high computing performance with real-time constraints, low-power consumption and low cost. With the rapid evolution of telecom standards and the increasing demand for multi-standard products, the need for flexible baseband solutions is growing. The concept of Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) is well adapted to enable hardware reuse between products and between multiple wireless standards in the same device. Based on the experience of two heterogeneous Software Defined Radio (SDR) telecom chipsets, this paper presents a distributed control architecture for the homoGENEous Processor arraY (GENEPY) platform for 4G applications. This MPSoC platform is built with telecom baseband processors interconnected with a Network-on-Chip. The control is performed by a MIPS processor embedded in each baseband processor. This control processor can locally reconfigure and schedule the applications with real-time telecom constraints.
Rapid Characterization of Ultrathin Layers of Chalcogenides on SiO2/Si Substrates (2012)

Abstract There has been emerging interest in exploring single‐sheet 2D layered structures other than graphene to explore potentially interesting properties and phenomena. The preparation, isolation and rapid unambiguous characterization of large size ultrathin layers of MoS 2 , GaS, and GaSe deposited onto SiO 2 /Si substrates is reported. Optical color contrast is identified using reflection optical microscopy for layers with various thicknesses. The optical contrast of these thin layers is correlated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy to determine the exact thickness and to calculate number of the atomic layers present in the thin flakes and sheets. Collectively, optical microscopy, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy combined with Raman imaging data are analyzed to determine the thickness (and thus, the number of unit layers) of the MoS 2 , GaS, and GaSe ultrathin flakes in a fast, non‐destructive, and unambiguous manner. These findings may enable experimental access to and unambiguous determination of layered chalcogenides for scientific exploration and potential technological applications.
Rate of Drug Coating Dissolution Determines In-Tissue Drug Retention and Durability of Biological Efficacy (2019)

Two different drug-coated balloons (DCBs) possessing different coating formulations were compared for rate of coating dissolution <i>in vitro,</i> in addition to tissue drug concentration and histological responses of treated vascular tissue <i>in vivo,</i> to determine if the rate of drug bioavailability to vascular tissue can impact the degree and duration of the observed pharmacological response to locally delivered drug. <i>In vitro</i> dissolution comparison demonstrated that a urea/paclitaxel-based coating formulation (IN.PACT™ Admiral™) released drug from solid to soluble phase at a slower and constant rate, yielding approximately 7% solubilized drug in 24 h. In contrast, a coating formulated from polysorbate/sorbitol/paclitaxel (Lutonix™) released 51% of solid phase drug to soluble phase in 1 h of dissolution with the remainder solubilizing in 24 h. <i>In vivo</i> evaluation of tissue drug concentration of both products showed significantly different tissue pharmacokinetic profile, with a higher concentration of paclitaxel in tissue at 90 days with a urea-based formulation excipient. Histological comparison of smooth muscle cell loss in response to drug exposure revealed contrasting trends of smooth muscle cell loss from 28 to 90 days with significantly higher response to drug observed at 90 days with the urea-based formulation. Rapid dissolution of drug from the polysorbate/sorbitol coating formulation was associated with an early increase in local cellular response to drug which diminished over 90 days with clearance of local drug from tissue. Sustained long-term drug-in-tissue concentration associated with the urea-based formulation demonstrated sustained pharmacological activity at 90 days, suggesting that slow coating dissolution provides a sustainable long-term tissue response.
Cis-trans energy difference for the peptide bond in the gas phase and in aqueous solution (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCis-trans energy difference for the peptide bond in the gas phase and in aqueous solutionWilliam L. Jorgensen and Jiali. GaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 13, 4212–4216Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00221a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00221a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1401Altmetric-Citations197LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Facile and Scalable Fabrication Procedure for Thin-Film Composite Membranes: Integration of Phase Inversion and Interfacial Polymerization (2020)

Conventional dense thin-film composite (TFC) membranes evince a universally low water permeability, the increase of which typically relies on introducing additional transport channels based on intricate steps within a membrane preparation process. In this study, we reported a novel and simplified procedure for the fabrication of high-performance TFC membranes. Specifically, the dissolution of aqueous monomers in the casting solution was utilized for the following interfacial polymerization (IP). Since the monomers diffused to the water bath during phase inversion, the control of precipitation time enabled an effective regulation of the monomer concentration in the formed polymeric substrates, where the IP reaction was initiated by the addition of the organic phase. The entire and uniform embedment of aqueous monomers inside the substrates contributed to the formation of ultrathin and smooth selective layers. An excellent separation performance (i.e., water permeability: 34.7 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup>; Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> rejection: ∼96%) could be attained using two types of aqueous monomers (i.e., piperazine and β-cyclodextrin), demonstrating the effectiveness and universality of this method. Compared to the conventional immersion-based process, this novel procedure shows distinct advantages in reducing monomer usage, shortening the production cycle, and achieving a more superior membrane performance, which is highly promising for large-scale membrane manufacture.
Li-O2 Battery Discharge Redox Mediation by Triarylmethyl Cations (2022)

Low discharge capacities resulting from electronically insulating Li2O2 film growth on carbon electrodes is a major impediment to Li-O2 battery commercialization. Redox mediation is an effective strategy to drive oxygen chemistry into solution, avoiding surface-mediated Li2O2 film growth and extending discharge lifetimes. However, to continue improving upon prior research, exploration of new classes of redox mediators and discovery of novel selection criteria is required. Herein, we report a new class of triarylmethyl cations which are effective at enhancing discharge capacities up to 26-fold. Surprisingly, we observe that redox mediators with more positive redox mediator reduction potentials, and thus more sluggish kinetics for reaction with oxygen, lead to larger discharge capacities because of their improved ability to suppress the surface-mediated reduction pathway. This result provides important structure- property relationships for future improvements in redox-mediated O2/Li2O2 discharge capacities. To aid future redox mediator discovery, we applied a chronopotentiometry model to investigate the zones of redox mediator standard reduction potentials and concentrations needed to achieve efficient redox mediation at a given current density. This analysis is expected to guide future redox mediator exploration.
Heat Transfer in a Complex Trailing Edge Passage for a High Pressure Turbine Blade: Part 2 — Simulation Results (2002)

A combined experimental and numerical study to investigate the heat transfer distribution in a complex blade trailing edge passage was conducted. The geometry consists of a two pass serpentine passage with taper toward the trailing edge, as well as from hub to tip. The upflow channel has an average aspect ratio of roughly 14:1, while the exit passage aspect ratio is about 5:1. The upflow channel is split in an interrupted way and is smooth on the trailing edge side of the split and turbulated on the other side. A turning vane is placed near the tip of the upflow channel. Reynolds numbers in the range of 31,000 to 61,000, based on inlet conditions were simulated numerically. The simulation was performed using the Glenn-HT code, a full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver using the Wilcox k-ω turbulence model. A structured multi-block grid is used with approximately 4.5 million cells, and average y+ values on the order of unity. Pressure and heat transfer distributions are presented with comparison to the experimental data. While there are some regions with discrepancies, in general the agreement is very good for both pressure and heat transfer.
A novel propionate-based chemical solution deposition method of La1-x(Ca, Sr)xMnO3 thin films for microelectronics applications (1997)

Abstract Ceramic thin films of magnetoresistive La1-x(Ca, Sr)xMnO3 thin films with different stoichiometries were deposited onto different substrates by a novel chemical solution deposition method based entirely on metal propionates. The microstructure and crystallization temperature of the thin films were found to depend on thin film stoichiometry. Crystallization of the perovskite phase could be achieved at low temperatures of 650°C. Thin films display a ferromagnetic behaviour with sharp Curie temperatures TC. For thin films with identical compositions but different substrates large differences in the electrical properties were observed.
Functional Evaluation of Multidrug Resistance Transporter Activity in Surgical Samples of Solid Tumors (2007)

Determination of multidrug resistance (MDR) activity of tumor cells could provide important information for the personalized therapy of cancer patients. The functional calcein assay (MultiDrug Quant Assay, Solvo Biotechnology, Budaörs, Hungary) has been proven to be clinically valuable in hematological malignancies by determining the transporter activity of MDR protein 1 (MDR1, ATP-binding cassette protein [ABC] B1, P-glycoprotein-170) and MDR-related protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1). In this study, we evaluated if the same functional test was adaptable for the analysis of MDR activity in solid tumors. For this purpose, tissue specimens of human colorectal cancer samples were subjected to limited enzymatic digestion by collagenase to provide a single-cell suspension; dead cells were excluded by 7-aminoactinomycin D staining, and epithelial cancer cells were detected by Cy5-conjugated anti-BerEP4 monoclonal antibody. The transporter functions of MDR1 and MRP1 in viable epithelial cells were assessed by flow cytometry detecting the intracellular accumulation of calcein dye after exposing cells to various MDR inhibitors. Collagenase disintegration preserved the MDR activity and the antigenicity of tumor cells. Thus using the extended calcein assay provided sufficient viable and functionally active tumor cells from surgical biopsies to determine the functional MDR activity. In conclusion, the newly described modified calcein assay may be applicable for evaluating the MDR phenotype in solid tissue specimens from colorectal forceps biopsy to surgical samples.
Effect of dual gating on electrical characteristics of amorphous indium‐tin‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide TFTs (2023)

Abstract In this study, the effect of dual gating on the electrical characteristics of amorphous indium‐tin‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐ITGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is investigated. The composition (In:Sn:Ga:Zn = 1.4:0.2:2.0:1.0 at.) of the a‐ITGZO channel layer sputtered at 20°C is close to that (In:Sn:Ga:Zn = 1.6:0.2:2.0:1.0 at.) of the ceramic target. The electrical characteristics of a dual‐gated TFT are superior to those of top‐ and bottom‐gated TFTs. This dual‐gating effect is analyzed with vertical electric fields, electron concentrations, and potential contours in the gated channels obtained by performing technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations. The relatively higher mobility and on‐current are attributed to the reduction of a vertical electric field in the channel induced by the dual gating. Moreover, the relatively steeper subthreshold swing of the dual‐gated TFT is associated with bulk accumulation formed by the dual gating.
A New Electron-Transfer Donor for Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Polypyridyl Molecular Assemblies (1999)

A synthetic procedure has been devised for the preparation of the reductive quencher ligand 4-methyl-4'-(N-methyl-p-tolylaminomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (dmb-tol), which contains toluidine covalently bound to 2,2'-bipyridine. When bound to Re(I) in [Re(I)(dmb-tol)(CO)(3)Cl], laser flash Re(I) --> dmb metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation at 355 nm in CH(3)CN at 298 +/- 2 K is followed by efficient, rapid (<5 ns) appearance of a transient with an absorption feature at 470 nm. The transient spectrum is consistent with formation of the redox-separated state, [Re(I)(dmb(-)-tol(+))(CO)(3)Cl], which returns to the ground state by back electron transfer with k(ET) = (1.05 +/- 0.01) x 10(7) s(-)(1) (tau = 95 +/- 1 ns) at 298 +/- 2 K. Rapid, efficient quenching is also observed in the Ru(II) complex [Ru(4,4'-(C(O)NEt(2))(2)bpy)(2)(dmb-tol)](2+). Based on transient absorption measurements, a rapid equilibrium appears to exist between the initial metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state and the redox-separated state, which lies at higher energy. Decay to the ground state is dominated by back electron transfer within the redox-separated state which occurs with k > 4 x 10(8) s(-)(1) at 298 +/- 2 K.
Establishing a hemoglobin adjustment for 129Xe gas exchange MRI and MRS (2023)

MOXE provides a useful framework for evaluating the Hb dependence of the membrane and RBC signals. This work indicates that adjusting for Hb is essential for accurately assessing <sup>129</sup> Xe gas-exchange MRI/MRS metrics.
Film Formation by Inkjet. Behavior of Inkjet Droplets. (2003)

Fundamental study of thin film formation utilizing inkjet printing and its application to electronic devices are described. As an application development of an organic electroluminescence (EL) display is demonstrated, where the control of the surface free energy is very effective. Properties of inkjet droplets and the diversity of the films prepared by the inkjet printing are shown. Fundamentally, the evaporation process can be divided into the interface kinetics and the diffusion process. The unique behavior of inkjet droplets is discussed based on the relationship between the droplet size and the evaporation time.
Internal Ribosome Entry Site-mediated Translation of Apaf-1, but Not XIAP, Is Regulated during UV-induced Cell Death (2006)

Components of the cellular translation machinery are targets of caspase-mediated cleavage during apoptosis that correlates with the inhibition of protein synthesis, which accompanies apoptosis. Paradoxically, protein synthesis is required for apoptosis to occur in many experimental settings. Previous studies showed that two proteins that regulate apoptosis by controlling caspase activity, XIAP and Apaf-1, are translated by a unique, cap-independent mechanism mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is used preferentially under conditions in which normal cap-dependent translation is repressed. We investigated the regulation of XIAP and Apaf-1 following UVC irradiation. We show that UVC irradiation leads to the inhibition of translation and cell death. Furthermore, IRES-mediated translation of Apaf-1, but not XIAP, is enhanced by UVC irradiation, and this increase in Apaf-1 translation correlated with cell death. The enhanced Apaf-1 IRES-mediated translation is caspase-independent but is negatively modulated by the eIF2alpha kinase protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. These data suggest that progression of UV-induced apoptosis requires IRES-mediated translation of Apaf-1 to ensure continuous levels of Apaf-1 despite an overall suppression of protein synthesis.
Increased Interleukin-6 and Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein-1 are associated with Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract Background: In SARS-CoV-2 infection there is an urgent need to identify patients that will progress to severe COVID-19 and may benefit from targeted treatment. Objectives: Analyze plasma cytokines in COVID-19 patients and investigate their association with respiratory failure (RF) and treatment in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Method: Hospitalized patients (n=34) with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited into a prospective cohort study. Clinical data and blood samples were collected at inclusion and after 2-5 and 7-10 days. RF was defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F) &lt;40kPa. Plasma cytokines were analyzed by a Human Cytokine 27-plex assay. Measurements and Results: COVID-19 patients with RF and/or treated in ICU showed overall increased systemic cytokine levels. Plasma IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α levels were negatively correlated with P/F, whereas combinations of IL-6, IP-10, IL-1ra and MCP-1 showed the best association with RF in ROC analysis (AUC 0.79-0.80, p&lt;0.05). During hospitalization the decline was most significant for IP-10 (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in patients with severe COVID-19. IL-6 and MCP-1 were inversely correlated with P/F with the largest AUC in ROC analyses and should be further explored as biomarkers to identify patients at risk for severe RF and as targets for improved treatment strategies.
Rab3 is present on endosomes from bovine chromaffin cells in primary culture (1999)

Rab3a, a small GTP-binding protein, is believed to mediate Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. Consistent with such a role was the previously reported specific association of Rab3a with synaptic vesicles in neurons and secretory granules in adrenal chromaffin cells. Secretory vesicles are believed to be the final point of Rab3a membrane association, as it was shown by several groups that Rab3a dissociates from the secretory vesicle membrane during stimulated exocytosis. In chromaffin cells, Rab3a is not exclusively localized on secretory granules since a fraction is present on a previously unidentified subcellular compartment equilibrating at light sucrose density. This 'light' membraneous structure could be the starting point for reassociation of Rab3a with membranes involved in granule formation, or it could be a structure unrelated to granules. The present study used several subcellular fractionation techniques and immunomicroscopy to unravel the nature of the 'light' Rab3a-containing structures from bovine chromaffin cells in primary culture. After stimulation, amounts of both Rab3a-d and the granule marker dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) increase transiently in sucrose gradient fractions enriched in endosomal markers. A diaminobenzidine-induced density shift of endosomes alters the distribution of DbetaH and Rab3a-d. At the ultrastructural level, subplasmalemmal pleiomorphic organelles were detected by Rab3a-d-immunogold labelling. Taken together our data provide for the first time evidence that internalised secretory granule membranes go through an endosomal stage where Rab3a is present, resembling the neuronal synaptic vesicle cycle. This indicates that the endosome is an important trafficking route in the biogenesis/recycling of secretory vesicles in chromaffin cells, in which Rab3a could have an as yet unknown regulatory function, and could point to the existence of alternative recycling pathways for the chromaffin granule membrane.
Detailed deletion mapping at chromosome 9p21 in non‐small cell lung cancer by microsatellite analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (1997)

We examined 82 cases of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the chromosome 9p21-24 region using 16 microsatellite markers. A total of 52 tumors (63%) displayed LOH, and 25 of these cases displayed LOH for all markers. Two cases had small hemizygous losses confined to the p16 gene and more distal markers, whereas 3 cases had loss proximal to p16 and extended through marker D9S126. This latter region has recently been described as another minimal region of loss at 9p21 in lung cancer. However, homozygous deletion of the p16 gene was observed in 18 of 85 cases, with only 5 cases having large deletions extended into the D9S126 region. Furthermore, we did not observe homozygous deletion at the 9p21 region that excluded the p16 gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using genomic probes spanning either the p16 or Hel-N1 (located at D9S126) gene was performed in 14 tumors. The results from FISH correlated with the chromosomal mapping data, suggesting that the p16 region is the major target of deletion at chromosome 9p21 in primary NSCLC. Int. J. Cancer 74:588–592, 1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Raman gain measurements and photo-induced transmission effects of germanium- and arsenic-based chalcogenide glasses (2006)

The Raman gain spectra of millimeter thick As(2)S(3) and As(24)S(38)Se(38) glasses and Ge((23 - x))Ga(x)Sb(7)S((70 - y))Se(y) with x = 0 and 5 and y = 0, 2, 5 have been measured using a direct nonlinear optics technique. The pump light originated from a picosecond Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and a tunable optical parametric generator and amplifier (OPG/OPA) was used as a source for the probe light. A peak material Raman gain coefficient of (155 +/- 11) x 10(-13) m/W has been measured for the As(24)S(38)Se(38) glass. A reversible photodarkening effect which responds to picosecond pulses is also reported. Finally, surface optical damage threshold measurements were found to be less than 9 GW/cm(2) for the reported samples, values which are comparable to some TeO(2)-based glasses with lower nonlinearities.