gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On cysteine and cystine peptides. Part V. S-trityl- and S-diphenylmethyl-cysteine and -cysteine peptides (1970)

A new method for the preparation of S-trityl-(i.e. triphenylmethyl) and S-diphenylmethyl-cysteines or -cysteine peptides involves treatment of cysteine or cysteine peptides with aralkylcarbinols in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen halides in acetic acid solution. The optimal conditions for the removal of these S-protecting aralkyl groups by trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen halides in acetic acid solution under various conditions have been determined.
High field insulation relevant to vacuum microelectronic devices (2002)

This paper briefly introduces the authors' recent results on high field vacuum insulation relevant to vacuum microelectronics. It addresses the key factors that contribute to the failure of the vacuum gap insulation. Approaches to the development of specific solutions to improve the vacuum gap breakdown voltages are presented. Solutions to alleviate the edge breakdown effect in the thin-film vacuum gap and to inhibit the formation of electrical activity in the spacer triple junction area were proven to be very effective in improving the vacuum insulation performance of vacuum microelectronics. The influence of the presence of an electron beam on the plain-vacuum-gap insulation is also reported.
De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies (2015)

Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have an increased prevalence of extracardiac congenital anomalies (CAs) and risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Exome sequencing of 1213 CHD parent-offspring trios identified an excess of protein-damaging de novo mutations, especially in genes highly expressed in the developing heart and brain. These mutations accounted for 20% of patients with CHD, NDD, and CA but only 2% of patients with isolated CHD. Mutations altered genes involved in morphogenesis, chromatin modification, and transcriptional regulation, including multiple mutations in RBFOX2, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Genes mutated in other cohorts examined for NDD were enriched in CHD cases, particularly those with coexisting NDD. These findings reveal shared genetic contributions to CHD, NDD, and CA and provide opportunities for improved prognostic assessment and early therapeutic intervention in CHD patients.
Abstract GS3-04: A randomized phase III study of adjuvant trastuzumab for a duration of 9 weeks versus 1 year, combined with adjuvant taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy, for early HER2-positive breast cancer (the SOLD study) (2018)

Abstract Background: The optimal duration of trastuzumab (T), when given together with chemotherapy and after chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with HER2+ breast cancer (BC), is unknown. Whilst the international standard is 12 months of T, the benefits and harms of T treatment continued beyond the chemotherapy are unclear. Methods: Women with histologically confirmed node-negative or node-positive HER2+ BC were eligible for the trial (NCT00593697). The primary tumor diameter was required to be &amp;gt;5 mm in node-negative cancer. Patients with distant metastases, inflammatory cancer, clinically significant cardiac disease, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &amp;lt;50%, unknown estrogen receptor (ER) status, World Health Organization performance status &amp;gt;1, and those who had received neoadjuvant systemic cancer therapy were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups prior to starting systemic cancer therapy. The initial systemic treatment was identical in the groups consisting of 3 cycles of 3-weekly docetaxel plus T followed by 3 cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FE75C). Thereafter, no further T or chemotherapy was administered in Arm A, whereas in Arm B single-agent T was administered 3-weekly for 14 cycles to complete 1 year of T treatment. The docetaxel dose was either 80 mg/m2 or 100 mg/m2 (prespecified for each center). Radiation therapy and endocrine therapy (for patients with ER+ cancer) were given according to the institutional practice; the minimum scheduled duration of endocrine therapy was 5 years. The LVEF was measured pretreatment, and on study weeks 18, 31, 43, and 61 and month 36. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) compared between the groups using a Cox model and the non-inferiority approach. Results: A total of 2,176 patients were entered into the study from 63 centers in 7 countries from Jan. 3, 2008 to Dec.16, 2014. The median follow-up time was 5.2 years at data collection closure (Dec. 31, 2016). The efficacy and safety data will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Joensuu H, Fraser J, Wildiers H, Huovinen R, Auvinen P, Utriainen M, Nyandoto P, Villman KK, Halonen P, Granstam-Björneklett H, Lundgren L, Yachnin J, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Ritchie D, Huttunen T, Neven P, Canney P, Harvey VJ, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P-L, Lindman H. A randomized phase III study of adjuvant trastuzumab for a duration of 9 weeks versus 1 year, combined with adjuvant taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy, for early HER2-positive breast cancer (the SOLD study) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS3-04.
Defining Switching Efficiency of Multilevel Resistive Memory with PdO as an Example (2016)

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is the most promising candidate for next generation nonvolatile memory. In this article, resistive switching in PdO thin film is investigated. The fabricated in‐plane devices showed voltage pulse induced multilevel resistive switching (MRS) with as many as five states under ambient conditions with high degrees of retention and endurance. The I – V characteristics of the different memory states are linear and only a small reading voltage (≈10 mV) is necessary. Raman mapping of PdO (B 1g mode, 650 cm –1 ) and temperature‐dependent electrical transport measurements provide an insight into possible redox mechanism involving PdO/Pd particles. For the first time, the switching efficiency of a MRS device is uniquely defined in terms of a parameter called “multiplex number ( M ),” which is the sum of the total number of memory states and the ratio between the number of switching events observed in a device and the total number of possible switching events. The present PdO MRS device exhibits the highest M value compared to the values evaluated from the literature examples. Such high performance MRS in PdO devices makes them potential candidates for RRAM and neuromorphic circuit applications.
Pre-processor for MAC-layer scheduler to efficiently manage buffer in modern wireless networks (2014)

Mobile devices have evolved remarkably over the last decade and are now being utilized to access much broader range of internet applications. Moreover, their capability to simultaneously run many applications has significantly transformed the traffic characteristics of mobile networks. Quality of service (QoS) is a fundamental component associated with these applications and network should be able to support multiple QoS requests from the same user at same time. This requires complex buffer management and simultaneous scheduling of resources to multiple users with multiple services. In this paper, we propose a framework with pre-processor for MAC-layer scheduler including two-dimensional buffer management (users × services) that enable more efficient allocation of resources to users running multiple internet applications in parallel. The framework will enhance the performance of existing scheduling algorithms by increasing the resolution of scheduling. A comparative analysis of traditional scheduling algorithms is provided to show the gains of proposed framework.
Methacrylate‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles Enable Noninvasive Monitoring of Photocrosslinked Hydrogel Scaffolds (2022)

BiofabricationIn article number 2200022, Ryan K. Roeder and co-workers introduce photopolymerizable nanoparticles that can be incorporated into bioinks when bioprinting scaffolds. The nanoparticles are covalently linked to the hydrogel network enabling noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of surgical placement, degradation, and nanoparticle release by computed tomography.
FASTER: an unsupervised fully automated sleep staging method for mice (2013)

Identifying the stages of sleep, or sleep staging, is an unavoidable step in sleep research and typically requires visual inspection of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data. Currently, scoring is slow, biased and prone to error by humans and thus is the most important bottleneck for large-scale sleep research in animals. We have developed an unsupervised, fully automated sleep staging method for mice that allows less subjective and high-throughput evaluation of sleep. Fully Automated Sleep sTaging method via EEG/EMG Recordings (FASTER) is based on nonparametric density estimation clustering of comprehensive EEG/EMG power spectra. FASTER can accurately identify sleep patterns in mice that have been perturbed by drugs or by genetic modification of a clock gene. The overall accuracy is over 90% in every group. 24-h data are staged by a laptop computer in 10 min, which is faster than an experienced human rater. Dramatically improving the sleep staging process in both quality and throughput FASTER will open the door to quantitative and comprehensive animal sleep research.
Pain assessment for chronic lower back pain: performance of the PAL-S and PAL-I patient-reported measures for symptoms and impacts (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> The Patient Assessment for Low Back Pain-Symptoms (PAL-S) and the Patient Assessment for Low Back Pain-Impacts (PAL-I) were developed to incorporate patient perspective of treatment benefit in chronic low back pain (cLBP) trials. This study documents psychometric measurement properties of the PAL-S and PAL-I.<b>Methods:</b> In this multicenter, observational study, eligible participants clinically diagnosed with cLBP provided sociodemographic information and completed PAL measures and other patient-reported outcome measures of pain and/or disability. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), construct validity, and reliability were assessed.<b>Results:</b> The 104 participants were 61% female, 89% white, and mean age of 55 years; mean cLBP duration was 11.4 (range 0-47) years. Using painDETECT scores, 36.5% reported small likelihood of neuropathic pain, 30.8% reported unclear likelihood, and 32.7% reported definite likelihood. Persistent pain with pain attacks was reported by 38.5% of participants. CFA confirmed single components with adequate fit indices. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 (PAL-S) and 0.87 (PAL-I), indicating reliable scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients (test-retest reproducibility, <i>n</i> = 44) were 0.81 (PAL-S) and 0.85 (PAL-I). PAL-S score correlation was 0.49 with Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and 0.77 with Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI). PAL-I correlated at 0.73 with RMDQ and -0.60 with Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-36 Bodily Pain. Both measures significantly differentiated between pain intensity levels (based on numeric response scale) and painDETECT groups.<b>Conclusion:</b> The PAL-S and PAL-I generated highly reliable scores with substantial evidence of construct validity. Routine use of these measures in treatment trials will enhance comparability of LBP-related symptom and impact results, including patient perspective of treatment benefit.
Supplementary Figure Legends S1-S10 from Caspase-8 Promotes Cell Motility and Calpain Activity under Nonapoptotic Conditions (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends S1-S10 from Caspase-8 Promotes Cell Motility and Calpain Activity under Nonapoptotic Conditions
Consommation d’énergie et ressources énergétiques (2003)

La consommation humaine d’énergie est devenue très perturbatrice de l’environnement et rend nécessaire de reconsidérer nos ressources notamment en faisant apparaître la part des renouvelables qui, par nature, nous permettent de mieux envisager un réel développement durable. Cet article nous amène à
HFE Downregulates Iron Uptake From Transferrin and Induces Iron-Regulatory Protein Activity in Stably Transfected Cells (1999)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal-recessive disorder of iron metabolism. More than 80% of HH patients are homozygous for a point mutation in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I type protein (HFE), which results in a lack of HFE expression on the cell surface. A previously identified interaction of HFE and the transferrin receptor suggests a possible regulatory role of HFE in cellular iron absorption. Using an HeLa cell line stably transfected with HFE under the control of a tetracycline-sensitive promoter, we investigated the effect of HFE expression on cellular iron uptake. We demonstrate that the overproduction of HFE results in decreased iron uptake from diferric transferrin. Moreover, HFE expression activates the key regulators of intracellular iron homeostasis, the iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs), implying that HFE can affect the intracellular “labile iron pool.” The increase in IRP activity is accompanied by the downregulation of the iron-storage protein, ferritin, and an upregulation of transferrin receptor levels. These findings are discussed in the context of the pathophysiology of HH and a possible role of iron-responsive element (IRE)-containing mRNAs.
N4-Acyl-Modified D-2′,3′-Dideoxy-5-Fluorocytidine Nucleoside Analogues with Improved Antiviral Activity (2003)

A series of 2',3'-dideoxy (D2) and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy (D4) 5-fluorocytosine nucleosides modified with substituted benzoyl, heteroaromatic carbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl and alkanoyl at the N4-position were synthesized and evaluated for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in vitro. For most D2-nucleosides, N4-substitutions improved the anti-HIV-1 activity markedly without increasing the cytotoxicity. In the D4-nucleosides series, some of the substituents at the N4-position enhanced the anti-HIV-1 activity with a modest increase in the cytotoxicity. The most potent and selective N4-modified nucleoside for the D2-series was N4-p-iodobenzoyl-D2FC, which had a 46-fold increase in anti-HIV-1 potency in MT-2 cells compared to the parent nucleoside D-D2FC. In the D4-series, N4-p-bromobenzoyl-D4FC was 12-fold more potent in MT-2 cells compared to the parent nucleoside D-D4FC. All eight N4-p-halobenzoyl-substituted D2- and D4-nucleosides evaluated against HBV in HepAD38 cells demonstrated equal or greater potency than the two parental compounds, D-D2FC and D-D4FC. The N4-modification especially in the D2-nucleoside series containing the N4-nicotinoyl, o-nitrobenzoyl and n-butyryl showed a significant reduction in mitochondrial toxicity relative to the parent nucleoside analogue. Although the 5'-triphosphate of the parent compound (D-D4FC-TP) was formed from the N4-acyl-D4FC analogues in different cells, the levels of the 5'-triphosphate nucleotide did not correlate with the cell-derived 90% effective antiviral concentrations (EC90), suggesting that a direct interaction of the triphosphates of these N4-acyl nucleosides was involved in the antiviral activity.
Adsorption Isotherms of Lignin-Derived Compounds on a Palladium Catalyst (2019)

We have studied the interaction of lignin fragments obtained from catalytic fractionation with a heterogeneous palladium catalyst. By studying the adsorption of verified substrate and product molecules on the palladium surface, understanding of what governs adsorption and desorption dynamics of both substrates and products has been obtained. In addition, we have studied the kinetic isotope effect of hydrogen-transfer reactions occurring on the surface of the catalyst. These studies give insights into the thermodynamics of the process in which species from lignin-derived species adsorb to the catalyst surface, are then transformed by hydrogenation–hydrogenolysis reactions in a slow reaction step, and finally desorbed. It was found that the adsorption dynamics depended on the degree of unsaturation as well as the presence of methoxy groups on the aryl. Thereby, the adsorption is stronger for substrate molecules derived from lignin than for reduced molecules obtained after the rate-determining transfer-hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis transformations.
Some Remarks On The Smarandache Function (1997)

This paper is on the method of calculus proposed by Florentin Smarandache.
Low Voltage Voltammetry Probes Proton Dissociation Equilibria of Amino Acids and Peptides (2022)

Platinum-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of dissociable protons at low potentials was used to investigate proton dissociation equilibria of freely diffusing and peptide-incorporated charged amino acids. We first demonstrate with five charged essential amino acids and their analogs that the electrochemically induced deprotonation of each amino acid occurs at distinct formal reduction potential. Moreover, the observed direct reduction for all the charged species, excluding arginine, occurs at low potentials suitable for investigation under aqueous conditions (-0.4 to -0.9 V vs Ag/AgCl). The direct proton reduction was resolved via deconvolution of the observed differential pulse voltammogram (DPV) from background hydronium reduction and water electrolysis. A linear correlation was found between the formal reduction potentials and the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values of the dissociable protons hosted by various molecular moieties in the amino acids and their analogs and further verified with tripeptides. DPV of poly(l-lysine) decamer (Lys<sub>10</sub>) distinctively resolved the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values of the amino groups in the side chains and N-terminus, at a resolution not possible by conventional acid-base titration. This work demonstrates selective electrochemical titration of dissociable protons in charged amino acids in the free state and as residues in biomolecules, as well as the utility of DPV to indirectly interrogate local electrostatic environments that are essential to the stability and function of biomolecules.
HE2β and HE2γ, New Members of an Epididymis-Specific Family of Androgen-Regulated Proteins in the Human1 (2000)

HE2 is an epididymis-specific sperm-binding secretory protein. We isolated a family of HE2-related complementary DNAs from a human caput/corpus library. The transcripts code for identical 71-amino acid N-termini and different C-termini, and 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. Compared with the original HE2, HE2beta and HE2gamma proteins have a 25-amino acid deletion near the C-terminus, and HE2gamma isoforms have a second deletion. These frame-shifting deletions result in C-termini differing in length, amino acid sequence, including number of cysteines, and isoelectric point. Identical sequences and deletion start and stop points indicate the HE2 isoforms are derived from alternative splicing of 8 or more exons of a single gene. Northern hybridization revealed that the 0.9-kb messenger RNA (mRNA) is most abundant in human caput; there is much less of it (20%) in corpus and little (<5%) in cauda. In castrated Macaca mulatta, HE2 mRNA decreased to 10% of sham-operated levels. Testosterone replacement maintained HE2 mRNA 3- to 5-fold higher than castrate levels, indicating its androgen dependence. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the beta1 form is highly expressed in principal cells of the initial segment and caput. It is secreted into the lumen and binds to the sperm surface in the postacrosomal and neck regions. The beta2 form is expressed in principal cells primarily in efferent ducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme Catalyzed Resolution of Alcohols Using Ethoxyvinyl Acetate. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A practical approach to biosurfactant production using nonaseptic fermentation of mixed cultures (1994)

Non-aseptic production of biosurfactant from molasses by a mixed culture was investigated in stirred batch reactors. Biosurfactant production was quantified by surface tension reduction, critical micelle dilution (CMD), and emulsification capacity (EC). Biosurfactant production was directly correlated with biomass production, and was improved by pH control and addition of yeast extract. Centrifugation of the whole broth increased emulsifying capacity and reduced surface tension. Acidification of the whole broth increased the emulsification capacity but reduced the apparent biosurfactant concentration (CMD), without affecting the surface tension. The emulsification capacity of the cell-free broth was equivalent to that of a 100 mg/L solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The emulsification capacity of the whole broth and cell-free broth were reduced by about 50% at and above NaCl concentrations of 100mM. Preliminary characterization suggests that the biosurfactant activity is primarily associated with one or more protease-sensitive species, released from cells in larger quantities after more vigorous centrifugation.
Improved Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of Steel by Shot Peening and Subsequent Low-temperature Annealing (2020)

The effect of shot peening and subsequent low-temperature annealing (SP treatment) on hydrogen embrittlement in tempered martensitic steel was investigated comparing the typical hydrogen charging methods, constant current controlled cathodic charging test and combined cyclic corrosion test (CCT). The hydrogen entry behavior was evaluated by hydrogen permeation technique and hydrogen visualization using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The SP treatment improved hydrogen embrittlement resistance in both hydrogen charging methods. On the other hand, the effect of SP treatment on the hydrogen entry was different depending on hydrogen charging method. The hydrogen entry was suppressed by SP treatment in the cathodic charging test because the compressive residual stress reduced hydrogen concentration in the surface layer and the potential increased by the increase of surface roughness and the formation of a surface film. In CCT, although the surface hydrogen concentration decreased due to compressive residual stress, the total hydrogen content did not decrease by SP treatment since the surface film disappeared by corrosion and an increase of surface roughness led to an increase in hydrogen entry sites. The improved hydrogen embrittlement resistance by the SP treatment in the cathodic charging test is a result of hydrogen entry suppression in addition to the effect of compressive residual stress. In CCT, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance was improved by SP treatment due to effect of compressive residual stress, i.e., the suppression of stress concentration as well as the stress-induced hydrogen diffusion in stress concentration area and the reduction of hydrogen concentration in the surface layer.
Study of the etching mechanism of heavily doped Si in HF (2010)

Abstract. Following Moore’s scaling law, the transistor source and drain area become shallower and higher doped regions. As a consequence the limitations of substrate and dopant loss during cleaning become more stringent. For a better understanding, highly B, As and P doped blanket substrates, either prepared by ion implantation or by EPI growth, are studied. Substrate and dopant loss as a function of time and different HF etching conditions is monitored by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and additional techniques like Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE),.... It is shown that in general, the Si etching is dependent of the position of the Fermi level. More remarkably, the junction (4 nm) of a non-annealed heavily As or P doped substrate is completely removed after less than 20 min of etching in HF. This process is related to enhanced etch rates because of the amorphization of the substrate.