gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human intestinal spirochetosis:Brachyspira aalborgiand/orBrachyspira pilosicoli? (2001)

Intestinal spirochetosis in humans (HIS) is a condition defined by the presence of a layer of spirochetes attached by one cell end to the colorectal epithelium. The pathologic significance of HIS is uncertain, but it has been linked to chronic diarrhea and other abdominal complaints. Two anaerobic intestinal spirochete species have been associated with HIS, namely Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi. Brachyspira pilosicoli, which colonizes many animal species, is common (approximately 30%) in the feces of people from developing countries, including Australian Aborigines, and in HIV+ patients and male homosexuals in Western societies. It is also commonly seen attached to the rectal mucosa of homosexual males. In other groups in Western societies both the presence of B. pilosicoli in feces and histologic HIS are uncommon (approximately 1.5%). Brachyspira aalborgi is an extremely slow growing and fastidious spirochete, which previously had been isolated from an HIS patient in Denmark. Recent studies using polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA from intestinal biopsies from a series of cases of HIS in the general Western population demonstrated that B. aalborgi, rather than B. pilosicoli, was the main spirochete species involved in these patients. This review outlines recent developments in the study of HIS and the two spirochete species, and identifies priorities for future research.
Thermoelectric power factor enhancement by ionized nanoparticle scattering (2011)

We show theoretically that the thermoelectric power factor can be enhanced in degenerate semiconductors when embedded nanoparticles donate carriers to the matrix and replace conventional impurity dopants as scattering centers. Nanoparticle scattering rates calculated by the partial wave method indicate a mobility enhancement over materials with equivalent doping by isolated ionized impurities while the Seebeck coefficient remains nearly intact. We find that the thermoelectric power factor of In0.53Ga0.47As from 300 K to 800 K is enhanced by 15% – 30% by nanoparticles 3–4 nm in diameter.
Serum levels of unbound free fatty acids. I: Normative data in term newborn infants. (1997)

This investigation is the first to measure FFAu in a group of mothers and their infants and provides the technique for future investigations of the biologic activity of free fatty acids.
Asymmetric Synthesis Utilizing Circularly Polarized Light Mediated by the Photoequilibrium of Chiral Olefins in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis (2004)

The light touch: Asymmetric photoequilibrium and autocatalysis act as sources of homochirality in a highly enantioselective preparation of chiral alcohols (see scheme). This process is initiated by left- and right-circularly polarized light (CPL) and exploits the resulting photoequilibrium between chiral olefin substrates to yield 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanols. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z54162_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Scanning-tunneling-microscopy investigation of the quantum-size effect in epitaxialCoSi2/Si(111) (1994)

Nearly coherent overlayers of ${\mathrm{CoSi}}_{2}$ were grown on Si(111) by molecular-beam epitaxy and examined by an in situ scanning-tunneling microscope at 77 K. The quantum-size effect in ${\mathrm{CoSi}}_{2}$ overlayers was demonstrated using scanning-tunneling microscopy. Subbands in the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{3}$ energy bands along the \ensuremath{\Gamma}L symmetry line were observed, and the observed subband spacings agree well with independent band-structure computations.
Using authentic assessment in satisfying CEAB's new graduate attributes accreditation criteria (2011)

“CEAB 2014” affects student assessment methods. There is a risk of an increased workload, as assessing for grading in a course and for the possession of attributes are “distinct matters”. Here is a rationale for assessment of learning outcomes, with an overview of methods and issues to consider when designing and using assessment of attributes in relation to CEAB’s accreditation criteria. To increase their performance, students need ‘educative assessments’, anchored in authentic tasks and with feedback usable to improve performance. At École Polytechnique de Montréal, a committee studies this issue, in both project modules and internships. The initiative aims to give students a more active role, engaging them in deep experiential learning. It faces the challenge to recommend effective and reliable assessment methods for student grading, also meeting the new requirements of CEAB with current resources. Association with other Canadian institutions is sought to continue the discussion.
Localization of sphingolipid activator protein-1 (SAP-1) in the brain of a normal human and a patient with metachromatic leukodystrophy. (1991)

Sphingolipid activator protein-1 (SAP-1), which stimulates the hydrolysis of several sphingolipids, including sulfatide, is increased in metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and other lipidoses, but the reason for its increase in some lipidoses remains to be discovered. In a previous study, we found that intralysosomal sulfatide storage induced a compensatory increase in SAP-1 in cultured skin fibroblasts of MLD. In this study, the distribution of SAP-1 in the cerebrum of a normal subject and an MLD patient was examined. In the normal cerebral hemispheres, SAP-1 was found in almost all the cell types, especially in the neurons. Its subcellular localization was confirmed to be lysosomal by an electron microscopic study. In contrast, in the MLD cerebrum, SAP-1-positive cells were found throughout the white matter, especially in the corticomedullary junction. These SAP-1-positive cells in the corticomedullary junction were macrophagocyte-like cells, based on their structural characteristics and Mac-1-positive staining, and they had metachromatic granules, which reflect sulfatide storage in MLD. They were also stained with myelin basic protein (MBP) in spite of diffuse myelin loss in the white matter. The corticomedullary junction, known to be spared from demyelination, was actively infiltrated in the advanced stage by macrophagocyte-like cells, in which accumulation of sulfatide induced an increase in SAP-1 in the lysosomes. These results suggest that SAP-1 plays an important role in regulating intracellular lipid catabolism and help explain its increase in some lipidoses.
Thermal Wave Evaluation of CVD SiC Coatings (2008)

Through thermal wave imaging, also known as photoacoustic microscopy, the surface and subsurface thermal properties of opaque coatings can be probed. These properties include thickness and bonding, both of which can affect the temperature variation at the surface. The capabilities and limitations of the gas cell approach are illustrated on CVD SiC coatings. Residual stress measurements on these coatings are summarized and the effect of exposure to high laser power densities is explored.
[Strategies for early diagnosis and prevention of prostate cancer]. (2010)

Prostate cancer (CaP) has become the most frequent cancer in France and represents the 4th cause of mortality by cancer. Main risk factors include age, family history, black ethnic origin and carcinogenesis results from interaction between environmental and endogen factors. This work aimed to review main data and strategic trends about evolution of prevention and early diagnosis of CaP. Research topics considered as priorities results from the main objective including definition of most efficient medico-economic strategies according to epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and ethno-sociologic particularities, including in the schema presently used (PSA/biopsies): 1) new markers (genetic, serum and urinary), measurable environmental risk factors and potential prevention actions; 2) functional imaging (new techniques including contrast echography, dynamic MRI, spectro-MRI) in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies (60-70% biopsies are negative); 3) optimization of biopsies technique in identifying tumor zones in order to decrease false negative biopsies (about 15% of CaP < 0,5 cm3 but of high grade are missed in the first set of biopsies) and in improving the representativity of the tumor sample biopsied (discordance of about 40% between biopsy data and complete pathological analysis of prostatectomy specimen); 4) development of predictive models in order to perform individual prediction taking into account several risk factors (clinical and molecular) and genes/environment interactions in order to offer rational help in diagnostic and primary prevention procedures.
Plasmon resonance at extreme temperatures in sputtered Au nanoparticle incorporated TiO2films (2012)

Sensor technologies that can operate under extreme conditions including high temperatures, high pressures, highly reducing and oxidizing environments, and corrosive gases are needed for process monitoring and control in advanced fossil energy applications. Au nanoparticle incorporated metal oxide thin films have recently been demonstrated to show a useful optical response to changing ambient gases at high temperatures as a result of modifications to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanoparticles. Au nanoparticle incorporated TiO<sub>2</sub> films were prepared through sputter deposition techniques followed by high temperature oxidation treatments. Upon exposure to a 4% H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> gas atmosphere at elevated temperatures, a shift of the absorption resonance associated with Au nanoparticles to shorter wavelengths is observed, as demonstrated in the literature previously. In this work, we also demonstrate that there is a shift of similar magnitude in the scattering resonance associated with Au. The LSPR absorption peak was monitored as a function of temperature up to 850oC demonstrating a broadening and a decrease in the maximum peak absorptance. Calculations performed in the quasistatic approximation are also presented to explain observed changes in LSPR as a function of temperature and to illustrate the effects on sensitivity of Au – based LSPR sensor materials for extreme temperature applications.
High room temperature optical polarization due to spin-valley coupling in monolayer WS2 (2016)

We prepare single-layer WS2 films such that the photoluminescence is from either the neutral exciton or the negatively charged trion. While the neutral exciton emission has zero polarization at room temperature, we observe a room temperature optical polarization in excess of 40% for the trion. Using an applied gate voltage, we can modulate the electron density, and subsequently the polarization of the trion emission continuously from 20-40%. Both the polarization and the emission energy monotonically track the gate voltage with the emission energy increasing by 45 meV. We discuss the role electron capture by the exciton has on suppressing the intervalley scattering process.
785 STING-agonist ADCs targeting tumor-associated antigens coordinate immune-mediated killing of antigen-negative cancer cells (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> The tumor microenvironment is a complex, multicellular system, composed not only of malignant cancer cells but also of a diversity of stromal cells including vascular cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts that support tumorigenesis. Antigens expressed on these cells tend to be widely expressed across a range of malignancies, presenting unique opportunities for development of anti-cancer therapies. <h3>Methods</h3> We have previously demonstrated that STING-agonist antibody-drug conjugates (Immunosynthen ADCs) targeting tumor cell antigens induce target-dependent anti-tumor immune responses in vitro and in vivo. To that effect, we hypothesized that Immunosynthen ADCs targeting tumor-associated antigens would coordinate immune-mediated killing of cancer cells not expressing the tumor-associated antigens (antigen-negative cancer cells) and induce anti-tumor activity. <h3>Results</h3> Herein, we demonstrate that targeting tumor-associated antigens with STING-agonist ADCs activate the STING pathway in immune cells via Fcγ receptor-mediated uptake. In addition, due to the intrinsic ability of certain tumor-associated cells to activate the STING pathway, STING-agonist ADCs targeting those cells can induce STING signaling in both the targeted cells and the immune cells, which constitutes a therapeutic advantage of ADCs that activate the STING pathway. In triple co-cultures of antigen-positive tumor-associated cells, antigen-negative cancer cells, and immune cells, the STING-agonist ADC specifically induced potent cell killing of the antigen-negative cancer cells with minimal impact on the immune and tumor-associated cells, thus representing a non-traditional, yet highly effective mechanism of ADC targeting. In vivo efficacy studies showed that STING-agonist ADCs developed for two tumor-associated antigens induced complete, sustained tumor regressions in syngeneic tumor models and exhibited immunological memory after rechallenge. CD8+ T cells contributed to the anti-tumor activity of the STING-agonist ADCs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In summary, Immunosynthen STING-agonist ADCs targeting tumor-associated antigens represent a novel approach for ADC-mediated cancer immunotherapy and enable the multifaceted activation of the STING pathway in a tumor-targeted manner beyond tumor antigens.
Minimally invasive cardiopulmonary bypass: does it really change the outcome? (2007)

MICPBs are associated with reduced morbidity. However, these results will need to be confirmed in a large, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Nanopatterned Organic Materials for Photovoltaic Devices (2009)

In order to further increase the efficiency of current stateof-the-art photovoltaic devices, the interfacial architecture must be controlled at the nanoscale such that the donor/acceptor (D/A) blend results in an ideal morphology for maximizing charge collection efficiency. The ideal bulk heterojunction (BHJ) consists of an interpenetrating network such that every exciton formed is within a diffusion length of the D/A interface and there are straight pathways to the respective electrodes. In light of this ideal structure goal, we have fabricated patterned bilayer photovoltaic (PV) cells using a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) elastomeric stamp to control the morphology of the donoracceptor interface within devices. Specifically, devices were fabricated using the Pattern Replication In Nonwetting Templates, or PRINT, process to have nanoscale control over the bilayer device architecture. This “topdown” approach allows for facile patterning over large areas. The low-surface energy, chemically resistant, variable modulus, fluoropolymer based molds used in PRINT provide a route to patterning a variety of materials. We have focused on patterning organic based materials systems which have been used in current BHJ devices. Ordered, sub-100 nm structures have been fabricated over large areas to investigate the effect of nanopatterning on PV-performance.
Shock Wave Propagation and Spallation Study in Laser Shock Peening (2010)

This paper deals with the spallation induced by shock wave propagation in targets during the laser shock peening process. Physical aspects concerning laser-matter interaction, shock wave propagation, and spallation are considered. A continuous kinetic model for the spallation process is included in a one-dimensional finite-difference hydrodynamic code using Lagrangian coordinates in order to calculate the laser-induced spallation phenomena. Shock wave propagation in solids is calculated and validated by experimental data. The spallation zone location is then calculated for various materials with different thickness of foils and various laser shock peening parameters. The numerical simulations are compared with previously reported experimental results and good agreement is obtained for the spallation threshold and damage zone location.
Outlook and Successors to Optical Lithography (2010)

Optical lithography has been the workhorse of semiconductor fabrication since the inception of integrated circuits. The lensless proximity printing system gradually gave way to projection-printing systems, and one-to-one replication systems became reduction systems. It took this latest form from the 0.15-NA 436-nm g-line lens, featuring resolution over 2 &#956;m with a 0.8 <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> factor, all of the way through raising the NA until the lens became too expensive to build at that time, reducing wavelength to reposition the NA for the next round of increases, and lowering <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> whenever the pace of NA and wavelength changes are behind the circuit shrinking roadmap, as shown in Fig. 8.1.
Comprehensive Overview of Selfish Mining and Double Spending Attack Countermeasures (2019)

Bitcoin is a well-known cryptocurrency in which records of transactions are maintained by a P2P network to create a distributed ledger. Due to the complex nature of maintaining highly efficient, transparent and speed transactions between nodes, security is one of the primary concerns of this system. The most prominent modern-day attacks to this system are the selfish mining and double spending attacks. This survey is organized around the aspects pertaining to countermeasures of selfish mining and double spending attacks. We selected a total of 20 primary studies from recent years as a result of a systematic analysis approach. In this study we will aim to classify, analyze, and evaluate these proposed methods in order to create a secure blockchain system. These countermeasures are being developed and are being experimented with in order to mitigate and/or even eliminate these attacks from occurring. These proposed frameworks and research papers will outline the keys to improving the blockchain architecture with code scripts and design parameters to increase the functionality of the blockchain. We aim to identify implications of these countermeasures to address vulnerabilities in the blockchain network for future research on this topic.
Role of mannose‐binding lectin‐2 polymorphism in the development of acute cellular rejection after transplantation for hepatitis C virus‐induced liver disease (2012)

MBL-2 polymorphisms and gender are involved in the development of ACR after LT. CC genotype and gender match may be regarded as risk factors for ACR in HCV-positive graft recipients. Further studies are needed to confirm and verify this observation in non-HCV groups as well.
Residual Adapters for Parameter-Efficient ASR Adaptation to Atypical and Accented Speech (2021)

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are often optimized to work best for speakers with canonical speech patterns. Unfortunately, these systems perform poorly when tested on atypical speech and heavily accented speech. It has previously been shown that personalization through model fine-tuning substantially improves performance. However, maintaining such large models per speaker is costly and difficult to scale. We show that by adding a relatively small number of extra parameters to the encoder layers via so-called residual adapter, we can achieve similar adaptation gains compared to model fine-tuning, while only updating a tiny fraction (less than 0.5%) of the model parameters. We demonstrate this on two speech adaptation tasks (atypical and accented speech) and for two state-of-the-art ASR architectures.
Retinal Sublayer Analysis in Autoimmune Retinopathy and Identification of New Optical Coherence Tomography Phenotypes (2023)

While the pathogenicity of antiretinal antibodies remains unclear, the OCT phenotypes observed underscore the potential for identifying clues in the underlying disease processes and clinical diagnosis.
DeltaDelta Neural Networks for Lead Optimization of Small Molecule Potency (2019)

The capability to rank different potential drug molecules against a protein target for potency has always been a fundamental challenge in computational chemistry due to its importance in drug design. While several simulation-based methodologies exist, they are hard to use prospectively and thus predicting potency in lead optimization campaigns remains an open challenge. Here we present the first machine learning approach specifically tailored for ranking ranking congeneric series based on deep 3D-convolutional neural networks. Furthermore we prove its effectiveness by blindly testing it on datasets provided by Janssen, Pfizer and Biogen totalling over 3246 ligands and 13 targets as well as several well-known openly available sets, representing one the largest evaluations ever performed. We also performed online learning simulations of lead optimization using the approach in a predictive manner obtaining significant advantage over experimental choice. We believe that the evaluation performed in this study is strong evidence of the usefulness of a modern deep learning model in lead optimization pipelines against more expensive simulation-based alternatives.
An All–at–Once CP Decomposition Method for Count Tensors (2021)

CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor decomposition is a popular method for detecting latent behaviors in real–world data sets. As data sets grow larger and more elaborate, more sophisticated CP decomposition algorithms are required to enable these discoveries. Data sets from many applications can be represented as count tensors. To decompose count tensors, one should minimize the sum of the generalized Kullback–Leibler divergences from each tensor entry to each corresponding decomposition entry. Most often, this is done using the algorithm CP–APR (CP–Alternating Poisson Regression). In view of the fact that all-at-once optimization algorithms for related CP decomposition problems often achieve better decomposition accuracy than alternating algorithms like CP–APR, we develop CP–POPT–GDGN, an all–at–once algorithm for count tensor decomposition that utilizes a generalized damped Gauss-Newton method. We then implement a highly efficient version of CP–POPT–GDGN into the tensor package ENSIGN. After decomposing several tensors formed from real-world data sets, many of which are related to network traffic, we see that CP–POPT–GDGN typically outperforms CP–APR, both in terms of decomposition accuracy and latent behavior detection.