gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
198 Effects of Bacillus Spp. on Pathogen Inhibition in vitro and on Growth Performance and Bacterial Shedding in Growing Finishing Pigs (2021)

Abstract Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to evaluate effectiveness of Bacillus strains on pathogen inhibition in vitro (EXP. 1 and 2) and on growing-finishing pig performance and bacteria shedding (EXP. 3). In EXP. 1, antimicrobial activity of 4 individual Bacillus strains were tested against 9 bacterial pathogens using agar diffusion cross-streak assay. In EXP. 2, a combination of 4 strains (FS4) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against surrogate strains of the same pathogens in EXP. 1 using well-diffusion and competitive exclusion assays. There were strong inhibitory effects against Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus aureus with zones of inhibition (ZOI) up to 18.1 and 13.7 mm, respectively. Moderate effects were observed against Listeria monocytogenes, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with ZOI up to 8.7, 8.7, 8.1, and 6.3 mm, respectively. On broth, FS4 inhibited Listeria completely (9 log10 CFU/mL) and reduced Staphylococcus by 8 log10 CFU/mL after 24h co-cultivation. In EXP. 3, 236 pigs (initial BW: 33 kg; 6–7 pigs/pen; 17 pens/treatment) were used to evaluate effects of feeding FS4 (7.5 x 104 CFU/g of feed) vs. the control (CON) diets. On d 0, 49, and at market, a pooled fresh fecal sample per pen was obtained for the enumeration of total Salmonella, E. coli, coliform, and Lactobacillus. Feeding FS4 improved (P &amp;lt; 0.05) BW (d 72), ADG (d 43–72 and d 0–72), and Feed:Gain (d 43–72) compared to CON. Overall, pigs fed FS4 were numerically heavier (1.1 kg) than CON pigs. FS4 reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) total coliform counts in pigs at market, and numerically reduced E. coli at d 49; however, FS4 had no impact on Lactobacillus. Our data indicate that FS4 had strong inhibitory effects against Streptococcus, Listeria, and Staphylococcus and feeding FS4 improved performance of pigs and lowered coliform shedding without impacting Lactobacillus.
High Power Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Pumped at 980 nm (1995)

High power erbium-doped fiber amplifiers have a number of applications, including broadcast sources for cable TV, long distance repeaterless links, nonlinear optical switching, laser radar, remote sensing, and medicine. Considerable progress has been made to develop high power sources.1,2,3 We have demonstrated a 3-stage optical amplifier with 2 watts of output power at 1.5 μm, which we believe to be the highest reported output power for an erbium amplifier directly pumped with semiconductor lasers.
Generalizations of Verheul's theorem to asymmetric pairings (2013)

For symmetric pairings $e : \mathbb{G} \times \mathbb{G} \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_T$, Verheul provedthat the existence of an efficiently-computable isomorphism $\phi : \mathbb{G}_T\rightarrow \mathbb{G}$ implies that the Diffie-Hellman problems in $\mathbb{G}$ and $\mathbb{G}_T$can be efficiently solved. In this paper, we explore the implications ofthe existence of efficiently-computable isomorphisms $\phi_1 : \mathbb{G}_T\rightarrow \mathbb{G}_1$ and $\phi_2 : \mathbb{G}_T \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_2$ for asymmetricpairings $e : \mathbb{G}_1 \times \mathbb{G}_2 \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_T$. We also give a simplifiedproof of Verheul's theorem.
Role of Tunneling Matrix Elements in Determining the Magnitude of the Tunneling Spin Polarization of3dTransition Metal Ferromagnetic Alloys (2005)

We have measured the tunneling spin polarization and associated tunneling magnetoresistance for Co-Pt and Co-V alloys using ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and AlN barriers. These properties are insensitive to the Pt content of Co-Pt alloys for up to $40\text{ }\mathrm{at}.\text{ }%$ Pt, whereas the spin polarization of Co-V alloys decreases significantly with the addition of small amounts of V. We attribute these different behaviors to the relative strengths of bonds formed between the alloy constituents and oxygen in the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ tunnel barrier, which thereby influence the corresponding tunneling rates. The results for AlN barriers are consistent with this argument.
Retinal microvascular abnormalities and subclinical magnetic resonance imaging brain infarct: a prospective study (2020)

Silent brain infarct and white matter lesions are common radiological findings associated with the risk of clinical stroke and dementia; however, our understanding of their underlying pathophysiology and risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to determine whether assessment of retinal microvascular abnormalities could provide prognostic information regarding the risk of brain infarct and white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. This study is based on a subset of 810 middle-aged persons without clinical stroke or baseline magnetic resonance imaging infarct enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study, a prospective, population-based study. Participants had a baseline magnetic resonance imaging brain examination and retinal photography in 1993–1995, and returned for a repeat magnetic resonance imaging examination in 2004–2006. Magnetic resonance images were graded for presence of any cerebral infarct, infarct with lacunar characteristics and white matter lesions according to standardized protocols. Retinal photographs were graded for presence of retinopathy lesions and retinal arteriolar abnormalities following a standardized protocol. Over a median follow-up of 10.5 years, 164 (20.2%) participants developed cerebral infarct, 131 (16.2%) developed lacunar infarct, 182 (24.2%) developed new white matter lesions and 49 (6.1%) had evidence of white matter lesion progression. After adjusting for age, gender, race, cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness, retinopathy was associated with incident cerebral infarct (odds ratio 2.82; 95% confidence interval 1.42–5.60) and lacunar infarct (odds ratio 3.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.56–6.50). Retinal arteriovenous nicking was associated with incident cerebral infarct (odds ratio 2.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.66–4.76), lacunar infarct (odds ratio 2.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.39–4.40) and white matter lesion incidence (odds ratio 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–3.81) and progression (odds ratio 2.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–5.88). In conclusion, retinal microvascular abnormalities are associated with emergence of subclinical magnetic resonance imaging brain infarcts and white matter lesions, independent of shared risk factors. Retinal vascular imaging may offer a non-invasive tool to investigate the pathogenesis and natural history of cerebral small-vessel disease.
The Parent Borylene: Betwixt and Between (2012)

Still elusive: The reduction of dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene dichloroborane by sodium naphthalenide has been suggested to provide a borylene that cycloadds to naphthalene to make a borirane. Evidence has been provided that this borirane instead arises from coupling of a boryl radical and sodium naphthalenide. In contrast, reduction of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene dichloroborane and the related dimesityl derivative provide novel CH insertion products that may have arisen from a borylene. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Is strain engineering scalable in FinFET era?: Teaching the old dog some new tricks (2012)

S/D epitaxy remains an effective source of strain engineering for both aggressively and conservatively scaled FinFETs. Not merging the S/D epitaxy between adjacent fins and recess etch into the fin before S/D epitaxy is recommended for maximizing the gain. With high active P concentration Si:C becomes an effective stressor for NMOS. Contact and gate metal fills provide new knobs for engineering strain in FinFET devices for the 22nm node and remain effective with conservative scaling of contact / gate CD only.
Electrochromic nickel oxide simultaneously doped with lithium and a metal dopant (2023)

An electrochromic device comprising a counter electrode layer comprised of lithium metal oxide which provides a high transmission in the fully intercalated state and which is capable of long-term stability, is disclosed. Methods of making an electrochromic device comprising such a counter electrode are also disclosed.
Determination of Trace Silicone Contamination on Composites by Quantitative XPS and LIBS (2018)

Surface treatment and surface characterization techniques are critical to ensure that adherends are chemically activated and free of contaminants prior to adhesive bonding. Silicone contamination from mold-release agents and other sources can interfere with interfacial bonding, decreasing the durability and performance of bonded composite structures. Tools and methods are needed that can be used in a production environment to reliably detect low levels of contaminants in a rapid, simple, and cost-effective manner to improve bond reliability. In this work, surface characterization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was performed using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and the results were compared with those obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The objective was to investigate the ability to quantify the surface species measured by LIBS since it offers many advantages over XPS in terms of ease of use, sample preparation, and real-time results. The as-processed CFRP panels had trace surface silicone contamination from the fabrication process, the source of which was not investigated. The composites were laser treated at select average laser power levels, resulting in varying levels of contamination reduction. The Si atomic percentage measurements using XPS were conducted both before and after laser ablation. The XPS results were compared with those obtained from LIBS to assess the reliability of each technique for surface contaminant characterization. The results showed an excellent correlation in Si atomic concentration between the two techniques.
Symmetry-Breaking as a Paradigm to Design Highly-Sensitive Sensor Systems (2015)

A large class of dynamic sensors have nonlinear input-output characteristics, often corresponding to a bistable potential energy function that controls the evolution of the sensor dynamics. These sensors include magnetic field sensors, e.g., the simple fluxgate magnetometer and the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), ferroelectric sensors and mechanical sensors, e.g., acoustic transducers, made with piezoelectric materials. Recently, the possibilities offered by new technologies and materials in realizing miniaturized devices with improved performance have led to renewed interest in a new generation of inexpensive, compact and low-power fluxgate magnetometers and electric-field sensors. In this article, we review the analysis of an alternative approach: a symmetry-based design for highly-sensitive sensor systems. The design incorporates a network architecture that produces collective oscillations induced by the coupling topology, i.e., which sensors are coupled to each other. Under certain symmetry groups, the oscillations in the network emerge via an infinite-period bifurcation, so that at birth, they exhibit a very large period of oscillation. This characteristic renders the oscillatory wave highly sensitive to symmetry-breaking effects, thus leading to a new detection mechanism. Model equations and bifurcation analysis are discussed in great detail. Results from experimental works on networks of fluxgate magnetometers are also included.
ChemInform Abstract: General Treatment of Periselectivity. (1985)

Abstract Review: Unter Bezugnahme auf 57 Publikationen werden die verschiedensten pericyclischen Reaktionen untersucht und in Tabellen zahlreiche Beispiele aufgeführt.
Biobased Cycloolefin Polymers: Carvone-Derived Cyclic Conjugated Diene with Reactive exo-Methylene Group for Regioselective and Stereospecific Living Cationic Polymerization (2020)

Carvone, a naturally abundant chiral cyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, was chemically transformed into cyclic <i>exo</i>-methylene conjugated dienes. The <i>exo</i>-methylene group had high reactivity in cationic polymerization and was efficiently polymerized in a controlled manner via regioselective 1,4-conjugated additions using initiating systems effective for living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. The obtained polymers with 1,3-cyclohexenyl units and tetra-substituted olefins in the main chain showed high glass transition temperatures over 110 °C. The chiral monomer underwent stereospecific polymerization to result in polymers with low solubility and weak packing of the rigid main chain in the lamellar layers. The racemic mixture resulted in soluble amorphous polymers, which were subsequently hydrogenated into cycloolefin polymers with enhanced thermal properties.
EUAdb: a resource for COVID-19 test development (2020)

Due to the sheer number of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) cases, the prevalence of asymptomatic cases and the fact that undocumented cases appear to be significant for transmission of the causal virus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), there is an urgent need for increased SARS-CoV-2 testing capability that is both efficient and effective1. In response to the growing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic in February, 2020, the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) began issuing Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) to laboratories and commercial manufacturers for the development and implementation of diagnostic tests[1]. So far, the gold standard assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection is the RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) test[2]. However, the authorized RT-qPCR test protocols vary widely, not only in the reagents, controls, and instruments they use, but also in the SARS-CoV-2 genes they target, what results constitute a positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their limit of detection (LoD). The FDA has provided a web site that lists most of the tests that have been issued EUAs, along with links to the authorization letters and summary documents describing these tests[1]. However, it is very challenging to use this site to compare or replicate these tests for a variety of reasons. First, at least 12 of 18 tests for EUA submissions made prior to March 31, 2020, are not listed there. To our knowledge, no EUAs have been issued for these applications. Second, the data are not standardized and are only provided as longhand prose in the summary documents. Third, some details (e.g. primer sequences) are absent from several of the test descriptions. Fourth, for tests provided by commercial manufacturers, summary documents are completely missing. To address at least the first three issues, we have developed a database, EUAdb (EUAdb.org), that holds standardized information about EUA-issued tests and is focused on RT-qPCR diagnostic tests, or "high complexity molecular-based laboratory developed tests"[1]. By providing a standardized ontology and curated data in a relational architecture, we seek to facilitate comparability and reproducibility, with the ultimate goal of consistent, universal and high-quality testing nationwide. Here, we document the basics of the EUAdb data architecture and simple data queries. The source files can be provided to anyone who wants to modify the database for his/her own research purposes. We ask that the original source of the files be made clear and that the database not be used in its original or modified forms for commercial purposes.
<title>Centralized optical backplane with energy equalized fan-outs for board-to-board interconnections</title> (2001)

We describe a new method for broadcasting signals in an optical backplane bus system based on guided-wave interconnects. By introducing a distributor (an active coupler) in the center board, which consists of a receiver, a doubly multiplexed hologram, and a transmitter, all signals coming from boards are collected in a receiver in the distributor and then are rebroadcasted from transmitter in the distributor to all boards. This method shows a variety of advantages such as equalized fan-out powers, increased the interconnect distance, reduced number of holograms, and easier system assembly. We show the design concepts for a centralized optical backplane, and resulting experimental performance advantages over previously- developed free-space and guided-wave optical backplane bus systems.
Characterization of Lipophilic Gemcitabine Prodrug−Liposomal Membrane Interaction by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (2006)

Gemcitabine is an anticancer agent rapidly deaminated to the inactive metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine. Its stability as well as bioavailability can be increased by making prodrugs. A series of lipophilic prodrugs of gemcitabine were synthesized by linking the 4-amino group with valeroyl, lauroyl, and stearoyl linear acyl derivatives. We studied, by the differential scanning calorimetry technique, and compared the interaction of pure gemcitabine and its prodrugs with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles with the aim of demonstrating if the gemcitabine prodrug is more able than the pure gemcitabine to interact with lipid vesicles employed both as model biomembranes and as carriers in the transport of antitumor drugs. These studies, carried out by static and kinetic calorimetric measurements, give evidence that the increase of the prodrug's lipophilic character improves the interaction with lipid bilayers, favoring the absorption through the lipid barriers and allowing the liposomes to work (when the prodrug is inserted inside the vesicles) as a lipophilic carrier which is able to deliver the drug near the cell surface. The use of different prodrugs modified in their lipophilic character, of different kinds of vesicles (multilamellar and unilamellar), and of different kinds of vesicles forming phospholipids permitted us to determine the better equilibrium between in-vesicle solubility and through-vesicle diffusion of the drug, important in the preformulative studies of antitumor carriers based on phospholipid formulations. Such studies suggest that the prodrug lipophilic tail should modulate the transport and the release of gemcitabine inside the cellular compartments, and the efficiency of the liposomal system is related to the length of the prodrug's acyl chain which has to match the phospholipid acyl chain allowing or retarding the migration through the lipid release device.
Checkpoint inhibitor is active against large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with high tumor mutation burden (2017)

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is an effective treatment option for patients with metastatic LCNEC, even if PD-L1 expression is negative.
Ung jente med psykose, kognitiv svikt og kramper (2012)

Psykiatriske symptomer kombinert med nevrologiske forstyrrelser br
Effect of Levocarnitine vs Placebo as an Adjunctive Treatment for Septic Shock (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01665092.
Neptune: A Dynamic Resource Allocation and Planning System for a Cluster Computing Utility (2003)

We present Neptune - the resource director of Océano, a policy driven fabric management system that dynamically reconfigures resources in a computing utility cluster. Neptune implements an on-line control mechanism subject to policy-based performance and resource configuration objectives. Neptune reassigns servers and bandwidth among a set of service domains, based on pre-defined policy, in response to workload changes. It builds and executes a reconfiguration plan through a planning framework, breaking reconfiguration objectives into individual tasks delegated to set of lower level resource managers. We describe an example decision policy algorithm that we implemented and demonstrated in an 80 server multi-domain computing utility.
Integrated single and multi-layer Si3N4 platform for ultra-low loss propagation and small bending radii (2014)

A combination of low loss and small bend radius Si3N4 waveguide regions are integrated with one etch step. Propagation losses of 1.5 dB/m and 7 dB/m are measured with a transition loss of ≤0.5 dB/taper.
Spin-on doping of germanium-on-insulator wafers for monolithic light sources on silicon (2015)

High electron doping of germanium (Ge) is considered to be an important process to convert Ge into an optical gain material and realize a monolithic light source integrated on a silicon chip. Spin-on doping is a method that offers the potential to achieve high doping concentrations without affecting crystalline qualities over other methods such as ion implantation and in-situ doping during material growth. However, a standard spin-on doping recipe satisfying these requirements is not yet available. In this paper we examine spin-on doping of Ge-on-insulator (GOI) wafers. Several issues were identified during the spin-on doping process and specifically the adhesion between Ge and the oxide, surface oxidation during activation, and the stress created in the layers due to annealing. In order to mitigate these problems, Ge disks were first patterned by dry etching followed by spin-on doping. Even by using this method to reduce the stress, local peeling of Ge could still be identified by optical microscope imaging. Nevertheless, most of the Ge disks remained after the removal of the glass. According to the Raman data, we could not identify broadening of the lineshape which shows a good crystalline quality, while the stress is slightly relaxed. We also determined the linear increase of the photoluminescence intensity by increasing the optical pumping power for the doped sample, which implies a direct population and recombination at the gamma valley.
Цветной атлас по офтальмологии (2020)

В атласе отражены вопросы практической офтальмологии с учетом современных достижений в данной области, особое внимание уделено методикам исследования и их практическому применению при диагностике различных глазных патологий. Информация изложена по классической схеме, принятой в офтальмологии: в соответствии с анатомическими областями. Основная ценность атласа заключается в оптимально сбалансированной подаче материала, изложенного простым, доступным языком и наглядно проиллюстрированного.Издание предназначено студентам, ординаторам и начинающим врачам-офтальмологам, а также врачам других специальностей, желающим изучить основы практической офтальмологии.