gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature, Solution-Processed ZrO2:B Thin Film: A Bifunctional Inorganic/Organic Interfacial Glue for Flexible Thin-Film Transistors (2015)

A solution-processed boron-doped peroxo-zirconium oxide (ZrO2:B) thin film has been found to have multifunctional characteristics, providing both hydrophobic surface modification and a chemical glue layer. Specifically, a ZrO2:B thin film deposited on a hydrophobic layer becomes superhydrophilic following ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) treatment, whereas the same treatment has no effect on the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic layer alone. Investigation of the ZrO2:B/hydrophobic interface layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR XPS) confirmed it to be chemically bonded like glue. Using the multifunctional nature of the ZrO2:B thin film, flexible amorphous indium oxide (In2O3) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were subsequently fabricated on a polyimide substrate along with a ZrO2:B/poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP) dielectric. An aqueous In2O3 solution was successfully coated onto the ZrO2:B/PVP dielectric, and the surface and chemical properties of the PVP and ZrO2:B thin films were analyzed by contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface-engineered PVP dielectric was found to have a lower leakage current density (Jleak) of 4.38 × 10(-8) A/cm(2) at 1 MV/cm, with no breakdown behavior observed up to a bending radius of 5 mm. In contrast, the electrical characteristics of the flexible amorphous In2O3 TFT such as on/off current ratio (Ion/off) and electron mobility remained similar up to 10 mm of bending without degradation, with the device being nonactivated at a bending radius of 5 mm. These results suggest that ZrO2:B thin films could be used for low-temperature, solution-processed surface-modified flexible devices.
Consensus equilibrium framework for super-resolution and extreme-scale CT reconstruction (2019)

Computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction is a crucial technique for many imaging applications. Among various reconstruction methods, Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) enables super-resolution with superior image quality. MBIR, however, has a high memory requirement that limits the achievable image resolution, and the parallelization for MBIR suffers from limited scalability. In this paper, we propose Asynchronous Consensus MBIR (AC-MBIR) that uses Consensus Equilibrium (CE) to provide a super-resolution algorithm with a small memory footprint, low communication overhead and a high scalability. Super-resolution experiments show that AC-MBIR has a 6.8 times smaller memory footprint and 16 times more scalability, compared with the state-of-the-art MBIR implementation, and maintains a 100% strong scaling efficiency at 146880 cores. In addition, AC-MBIR achieves an average bandwidth of 3.5 petabytes per second at 587520 cores.
Investigation of bipolar resistive switching characteristics in Si<SUB align="right">3N<SUB align="right">4-based RRAM with metal-insulator-silicon structure (2014)

Fab-friendly Ti/Si 3 N 4 /p + -Si stacked RRAM device was fabricated. Reproducible bipolar switching occurs under a reasonable operation voltage (<3 V) owing to forming-less process. In addition, self-compliance less than 1 mA is helpful for a circuit design. For high density, the feasibility of multi-level cell (MLC) operation is demonstrated using gradual set/reset during resistance transition.
Initial experience with MicroPure™, a new ultrasound image processing function to improve calcification visualisation (2010)

Purpose To validate the predictive power for determining breast cancer risk of an automated breast density measurement system with full-fi eld digital mammography (FFDM). Materials and methods Two hundred cancers and 200 controls were imaged with FFDM. Density was measured separately on MLO and CC images using an integral automated volumetric breast density measurement system (Hologic, Quantra). For each cancer, the contralateral mammogram was used. Each cancer was matched to a control case by date of birth, age at examination and laterality of mammogram used for density determination. Breast density (percentage of fi broglandular tissue) was analyzed by Quantra. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression to determine the eff ect on breast cancer risk.
Outcomes and Economics of ESRF (2005)

This chapter outlines key factors confounding clinical outcomes, describes the economics within end-stage renal failure (ESRF) management, and reviews some available “controlled” comparison of clinical outcomes, realizing that the available data are limited mostly to the United States of America Japan, and the European Union. It examines the funding situation in India, the surrogate nation used to describe developing nations. The exact number of patients with ESRF globally is unknown because there is neither a global registry nor an official countrywide registry in the majority of nations and sovereign states. The outcomes of ESRF in the world remain an estimate at best, especially among the developing world. Direct comparisons of outcomes between countries are fraught with confounders that require astute review and interpretation. The pattern of growth of the ESRF population in Asia, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa is 2.5 times higher than in the USA, EU, or Japan.
Self‐refocusing 270° gaussian pulses for slice selection without gradient reversal in magnetic resonance imaging (1989)

It is demonstrated, on the grounds of simulations, how 270 degrees Gaussian pulses can be used for slice selection in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging experiments. It is shown that the usual gradient reversal procedure can be omitted if the selective 90 degrees pulse normally used is replaced by a self-refocusing 270 degrees pulse with a Gaussian time-domain amplitude profile, and some of the properties which are specific to this type of pulse are explored.
Global organization of the Wordnet lexicon (2002)

The lexicon consists of a set of word meanings and their semantic relationships. A systematic representation of the English lexicon based in psycholinguistic considerations has been put together in the database Wordnet in a long-term collaborative effort. We present here a quantitative study of the graph structure of Wordnet to understand the global organization of the lexicon. Semantic links follow power-law, scale-invariant behaviors typical of self-organizing networks. Polysemy (the ambiguity of an individual word) is one of the links in the semantic network, relating the different meanings of a common word. Polysemous links have a profound impact in the organization of the semantic graph, conforming it as a small world network, with clusters of high traffic (hubs) representing abstract concepts such as line, head, or circle. Our results show that: (i) Wordnet has global properties common to many self-organized systems, and (ii) polysemy organizes the semantic graph in a compact and categorical representation, in a way that may explain the ubiquity of polysemy across languages.
Relationship between cortical resection and visual function after occipital lobe epilepsy surgery (2017)

OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors investigated long-term clinical and visual outcomes of patients after occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) surgery and analyzed the relationship between visual cortical resection and visual function after OLE surgery. METHODS A total of 42 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with OLE and underwent occipital lobe resection between June 1995 and November 2013 were included. Clinical, radiological, and histopathological data were reviewed retrospectively. Seizure outcomes were categorized according to the Engel classification. Visual function after surgery was assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25. The relationship between the resected area of the visual cortex and visual function was demonstrated by multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS After a mean follow-up period of 102.2 months, 27 (64.3%) patients were seizure free, and 6 (14.3%) patients had an Engel Class II outcome. Nineteen (57.6%) of 33 patients had a normal visual field or quadrantanopia after surgery (normal and quadrantanopia groups). Patients in the normal and quadrantanopia groups had better vision-related quality of life than those in the hemianopsia group. The resection of lateral occipital areas 1 and 2 of the occipital lobe was significantly associated with difficulties in general vision, peripheral vision, and vision-specific roles. In addition, the resection of intraparietal sulcus 3 or 4 was significantly associated with decreased social functioning. CONCLUSIONS The authors found a favorable seizure control rate (Engel Class I or II) of 78.6%, and 57.6% of the subjects had good visual function (normal vision or quadrantanopia) after OLE surgery. Lateral occipital cortical resection had a significant effect on visual function despite preservation of the visual field.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydroquinolinones in Water at Room Temperature. (2015)

Abstract Arylboronic acids (IV) undergo Rh‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition to α,β‐unsaturated esters (II) and (VII) to give the corresponding addition products (V), (VI), and (VIII).
Efficient Decoding of the UAG Triplet as a Full-Fledged Sense Codon Enhances the Growth of a prfA -Deficient Strain of Escherichia coli (2012)

We previously reassigned the amber UAG stop triplet as a sense codon in Escherichia coli by expressing a UAG-decoding tRNA and knocking out the prfA gene, encoding release factor 1. UAG triplets were left at the ends of about 300 genes in the genome. In the present study, we showed that the detrimental effect of UAG reassignment could be alleviated by increasing the efficiency of UAG translation instead of reducing the number of UAGs in the genome. We isolated an amber suppressor tRNA(Gln) variant displaying enhanced suppression activity, and we introduced it into the prfA knockout strain, RFzero-q, in place of the original suppressor tRNA(Gln). The resulting strain, RFzero-q3, translated UAG to glutamine almost as efficiently as the glutamine codons, and it proliferated faster than the parent RFzero-q strain. We identified two major factors in this growth enhancement. First, the sucB gene, which is involved in energy regeneration and has two successive UAG triplets at the end, was expressed at a higher level in RFzero-q3 than RFzero-q. Second, the ribosome stalling that occurred at UAG in RFzero-q was resolved in RFzero-q3. The results revealed the importance of "backup" stop triplets, UAA or UGA downstream of UAG, to avoid the deleterious impact of UAG reassignment on the proteome.
Subscribing to the Sunday Newspaper (2022)

There was no singular type of Sunday paper. A multiplicity of Sunday supplements produced new kinds of readers through their very form and design. Each asked readers to do more than read, but to interact with the materiality of the paper as a form of leisure. Sunday supplements established a different temporality from the weekday newspaper and the bustle of the workweek. They entreated readers to spend time with the paper, tying them to the rhythms of the weekend and the home. This temporality linked one Sunday to another, making a subscription all the more logical by providing a cultural aesthetic for the home. Most varieties of supplements appealed to women readers, who were considered especially important for securing home delivery. Lithographed art and photographic supplements, sheet music, novels and fiction magazines, fashion plates, and sewing patterns: all offered a distinctly feminine appeal. Games, puzzles, coloring books and all variety of paper toys appealed to children. Women readers found aesthetic appreciation; juvenile readers delighted in aesthetic play. Even in later days of early radio, Sunday papers were conduits of popular education explicitly including all members of the family as reading subjects, each invested in subscribing to the paper.
Rainblock: Faster Transaction Processing in Public Blockchains (2019)

Public blockchains like Ethereum use Merkle trees to verify transactions received from untrusted servers before applying them to the blockchain. We empirically show that the low throughput of such blockchains is due to the I/O bottleneck associated with using Merkle trees for processing transactions. We present RAINBLOCK, a new architecture for public blockchains that increases throughput without affecting security. RAINBLOCK achieves this by tackling the I/O bottleneck on two fronts: first, decoupling transaction processing from I/O, and removing I/O from the critical path; second, reducing I/O amplification by customizing storage for blockchains. RAINBLOCK uses a novel variant of the Merkle tree, the Distributed Sharded Merkle tree (DSM-TREE) to store system state. We evaluate RAINBLOCK using workloads based on public Ethereum traces (including smart contracts) and show that RAINBLOCK processes 20K transactions per second in a geo-distributed setting with four regions spread across three continents.
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Amorphous Salicyl Salicylate (2000)

Schneller intermolekularer Protonenaustausch über eine Säure-Alkohol-Wasserstoffbrücke und geometrische Fehlordnung, weit unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur, sind für die Amorphie des Salicylsalicylats 1 verantwortlich. 1 wurde in stabiler, unterkühlter amorpher Phase durch 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Kristallstruktur wurde durch Einkristall-Röntgenbeugung bestimmt und der amorphe Zustand durch Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (SAXS) bestätigt.
OR06-02 TBR-760, a Chimeric Somatostatin-Dopamine Compound, Arrests Aggressive Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma Growth In Vivo (2020)

Abstract TBR-760 is a chimeric dopamine (DA)-somatostatin (SST) compound with potent agonist activity at both DA type 2 (D2R; EC50 0.064nM) and SST type 2 (SSTR2; EC50 1.2nM) receptors. Prior studies have demonstrated that the chimeric DA-SST compounds are more potent and effective than either individual or combinations of individual DA and/or SST analogs in inhibiting secretion from pituitary adenomas. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) express high levels of D2R as well as lower levels of SSTRs, including the type 2 receptor (1), and thus have an appropriate receptor profile to respond to TBR-760. The present study examines the ability of TBR-760 to inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model of aggressive NFPA. Heterozygous and null mutant mice lacking one or both copies, respectively, of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene (POMC-KO mice)(2) spontaneously develop aggressive, non-secreting pituitary adenomas (3). The POMC-KO mouse tumors have been shown to express D2R and SSTR2 at a similar level as human NFPAs (4). In addition, merging of microarray data (Affymetrix, U133 plus_2.0 and Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays), reveals 154 common gene signatures between human NFPAs and the POMC-KO mouse tumors. In an initial study, heterozygous POMC-KO mice with an established pituitary tumor of approx. 10mm3 (mean volume 8.9±0.3), as determined by MRI, were treated with a range of TBR-760 doses (0.125 to 12.5mg/kg, sc, QD) for 60 days. During that time, tumors in vehicle-treated mice increased in size by 890±0.7%, whereas all doses of TBR-760 tested resulted in a nearly complete inhibition of tumor growth from treatment initiation. We then compared the effect of the TBR-760 chimera with that of its individual SST agonist (SSTA) and DA agonist (DAA) components on tumor growth in the POMC-KO mice. As in the earlier study, TBR-760 treatment (1mg/kg, sc, QD), initiated when the mice had an established tumor of approx. 10mm3, completely arrested tumor growth during the 8 weeks of treatment (final mean tumor volume of 8.5±1.3mm3 vs. 54.61±10.6mm3 in vehicle-treated mice). Treatment with equimolar or 10x-higher doses of the individual SSTA or DAA, either alone or in combination, had no significant effect on tumor growth, except in the lower dose DAA group where a modest suppression of tumor growth was observed. These data demonstrate that only the dual DA-SST chimeric compound, TBR-760, completely arrested tumor growth in the POMC-KO mouse model of NFPA. Further, despite the highly aggressive nature of the POMC-KO tumors, significant tumor shrinkage was observed in 20% of the mice treated with TBR-760. These results support the development of TBR-760 as a medical therapy to prevent or arrest the growth of NFPAs and, potentially, to induce NFPA shrinkage. References: (1) Florio et al., 2008 Endocr Relat Cancer; 15: 583-596. (2) Yaswen et al., 1999 Nat Med; 9:1066-70 (3) Karpac J et al., 2006 Cell Mol Biol; 52: 47-52.
Combined tumor and immune signals from genomes or transcriptomes predict outcomes of checkpoint inhibition in melanoma (2022)

Immune checkpoint blockade (CPB) improves melanoma outcomes, but many patients still do not respond. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor-infiltrating T cells are associated with response, and integrative models improve survival prediction. However, integrating immune/tumor-intrinsic features using data from a single assay (DNA/RNA) remains underexplored. Here, we analyze whole-exome and bulk RNA sequencing of tumors from new and published cohorts of 189 and 178 patients with melanoma receiving CPB, respectively. Using DNA, we calculate T cell and B cell burdens (TCB/BCB) from rearranged TCR/Ig sequences and find that patients with TMB<sup>high</sup> and TCB<sup>high</sup> or BCB<sup>high</sup> have improved outcomes compared to other patients. By combining pairs of immune- and tumor-expressed genes, we identify three gene pairs associated with response and survival, which validate in independent cohorts. The top model includes lymphocyte-expressed <i>MAP4K1</i> and tumor-expressed <i>TBX3</i>. Overall, RNA or DNA-based models combining immune and tumor measures improve predictions of melanoma CPB outcomes.
Impact of channel modeling on the performance of wireless scheduling schemes (2003)

Wireless packet scheduling schemes provide the means to achieve service differentiation for wireless users with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) demands. These schemes are often designed to account for the dynamics of the wireless channel, so that a user that is likely to experience deep fade defers his transmission until the channel conditions improve. The vacant transmission slot is then given to another user that is expected to experience a "clean" channel. Channel conditions are location dependent and are made available to the transmitter (the scheduler) after some time delay. Therefore, at the time of packet scheduling, the scheduler has to predict the current channel state at a given receiver, often based on an N-state Markov model. The goal of this paper is to assess the impact of channel predictions on the delay and throughput performance obtained under two popular wireless scheduling schemes. For both schemes and under reasonable channel assumptions, we show that better performance can be achieved by increasing N.
An Analysis of SoC Self-convergence for Adaptive Droop Control Systems of Battery Energy Storage with Different Capacity (2022)

Battery energy storage (BES) is used to match the power balance in DC microgrids. A decentralized control using droop control for BES converters has been proposed to converge the state of charge (SoC) of multiple BESs, which enables the effective utilization of battery resources without using communication. This paper investigates the conditions for SoC self-convergence when BESs with different power capacity and voltage are connected to the DC microgrid using the BES converters. As a result of further analysis of the system behavior under the obtained convergence conditions, an equation for SoC deviation was found among BESs with different characteristics. A speed of SoC convergence with two BES systems was also obtained from the analysis. Finally, simulation results validated the theoretical equations obtained in this paper.
Design and performance of a Web server accelerator (1999)

We describe the design, implementation and performance of a Web server accelerator which runs on an embedded operating system and improves Web server performance by caching data. The accelerator resides in front of one or more Web servers. Our accelerator can serve up to 5000 pages/second from its cache on a 200 MHz PowerPC 604. This throughput is an order of magnitude higher than that which would be achieved by a high-performance Web server running on similar hardware under a conventional operating system such as Unix or NT. The superior performance of our system results in part from its highly optimized communications stack. In order to maximize hit rates and maintain updated caches, our accelerator provides an API which allows application programs to explicitly add, delete, and update cached data. The API allows our accelerator to cache dynamic as well as static data, analyze the SPECweb96 benchmark, and show that the accelerator can provide high hit ratios and excellent performance for workloads similar to this benchmark.
Predicting IDH genotype in gliomas using FET PET radiomics (2018)

Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH mut) gene have gained paramount importance for the prognosis of glioma patients. To date, reliable techniques for a preoperative evaluation of IDH genotype remain scarce. Therefore, we investigated the potential of O-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET radiomics using textural features combined with static and dynamic parameters of FET uptake for noninvasive prediction of IDH genotype. Prior to surgery, 84 patients with newly diagnosed and untreated gliomas underwent FET PET using a standard scanner (15 of 56 patients with IDH mut) or a dedicated high-resolution hybrid PET/MR scanner (11 of 28 patients with IDH mut). Static, dynamic and textural parameters of FET uptake in the tumor area were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy of the parameters was evaluated using the neuropathological result as reference. Additionally, FET PET and textural parameters were combined to further increase the diagnostic accuracy. The resulting models were validated using cross-validation. Independent of scanner type, the combination of standard PET parameters with textural features increased significantly diagnostic accuracy. The highest diagnostic accuracy of 93% for prediction of IDH genotype was achieved with the hybrid PET/MR scanner. Our findings suggest that the combination of conventional FET PET parameters with textural features provides important diagnostic information for the non-invasive prediction of the IDH genotype.
Combining Neural Networks and Context-Driven Search for Online, Printed Handwriting Recognition in the NEWTON (1998)

While online handwriting recognition is an area of long-standing and ongoing research, the recent emergence of portable, pen-based computers has focused urgent attention on usable, practical solutions. We discuss a combination and improvement of classical methods to produce robust recognition of hand-printed English text for a recognizer shipping in new models of Apple Computer's NEWTON MESSAGEPAD and EMATE. Combining an artificial neural network (ANN) as a character classifier with a context-driven search over segmentation and word-recognition hypotheses provides an effective recognition system. Long-standing issues relative to training, generalization, segmentation, models of context, probabilistic formalisms, and so on, need to be resolved, however, to achieve excellent performance. We present a number of recent innovations in the application of ANNs as character classifiers for word recognition, including integrated multiple representations, normalized output error, negative training, stroke warping, frequency balancing, error emphasis, and quantized weights. User adaptation and extension to cursive recognition pose continuing challenges.