gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanosensitive release of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate through pannexin channels and mechanosensitive upregulation of pannexin channels in optic nerve head astrocytes: A mechanism for purinergic involvement in chronic strain (2014)

As adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) released from astrocytes can modulate many neural signaling systems, the triggers and pathways for this ATP release are important. Here, the ability of mechanical strain to trigger ATP release through pannexin channels and the effects of sustained strain on pannexin expression were examined in rat optic nerve head astrocytes. Astrocytes released ATP when subjected to 5% of equibiaxial strain or to hypotonic swelling. Although astrocytes expressed mRNA for pannexins 1-3, connexin 43, and VNUT, pharmacological analysis suggested a predominant role for pannexins in mechanosensitive ATP release, with Rho kinase contribution. Astrocytes from panx1(-/-) mice had reduced baseline and stimulated levels of extracellular ATP, confirming the role for pannexins. Swelling astrocytes triggered a regulatory volume decrease that was inhibited by apyrase or probenecid. The swelling-induced rise in calcium was inhibited by P2X7 receptor antagonists A438079 and AZ10606120, in addition to apyrase and carbenoxolone. Extended stretch of astrocytes in vitro upregulated expression of panx1 and panx2 mRNA. A similar upregulation was observed in vivo in optic nerve head tissue from the Tg-MYOC(Y437H) mouse model of chronic glaucoma; genes for panx1, panx2, and panx3 were increased, whereas immunohistochemistry confirmed increased expression of pannexin 1 protein. In summary, astrocytes released ATP in response to mechanical strain, with pannexin 1 the predominant efflux pathway. Sustained strain upregulated pannexins in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings provide a mechanism by which extracellular ATP remains elevated under chronic mechanical strain, as found in the optic nerve head of patients with glaucoma.
Magnetic Random&;#x02010;Access Memory (2016)

This chapter reviews the technology of magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) developed since 1996, with a particular focus on spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) and thermally assisted MRAM (TA-MRAM), which are currently receiving the most attention. After an introduction, Section 5.2 discusses the storage function in MRAM and how to design the storage layer in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) to achieve the required memory retention. Section 5.3 is devoted to the read function and conditions for reading without altering the written information. The following sections are devoted to the various technologies of MTJ-based MRAM: MRAM written by magnetic field pulses (Section 5.4), STT-MRAM (Section 5.5), TA-MRAM (Section 5.6), and three-terminal MRAM (Section 5.7). Section 5.8 compares the MRAM technologies, particularly the STT-MRAMs, with other nonvolatile memory technologies, particularly redox-RAM.
<title>New approach to parametric HRR signature modeling for improved 1D ATR</title> (2000)

Model-based HRR signature prediction and matching is a difficult problem due to target variations, lack of model fidelity, and sensor variations. For this reason, model-based HRR signatures often mismatch actual measured signatures. This paper introduces a novel method for predicting signatures by creating a Parametric HRR signature model from existing measured or model-based signatures. The method identifies potential three-dimensional persistent virtual scatterers and estimates their scattering patterns. The result is a parametric signature function of azimuth which better matches available signature data. The model effectively smoothes the signatures along the scatterer tracks. When used with synthetic data the technique helps eliminate model inaccuracies and uncertainties which manifest themselves in scatterer interference predictions. With sparse measured HRR profile observations, the parametric method smoothly interpolates profiles over azimuth. The parameterization method is aided by a Modified Inverse Radon Transform for persistent scatterer localization and a Fourier decomposition for scattering pattern approximation. Results using the predicted synthetic signatures in ATR multi-class problem are presented and compared with the performance based on the original synthetic and measured signatures. Results from these experiments show that this method provides a modest increase in ATR performance for synthetic signatures. The performance with sparse measured data is greatly improved and approaches dense measured data performance.
Recognition of ESAT-6 Sequences by Antibodies in Sera of Tuberculous Nonhuman Primates (2004)

Previous work in our laboratory showed that the ESAT-6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis induces strong antibody responses in a large proportion ( approximately 90%) of experimentally or naturally infected nonhuman primates. Here, the antibody response to ESAT-6 in tuberculous monkeys was characterized at the epitope level by measuring antibodies to overlapping, synthetic peptides spanning the ESAT-6 sequence. The antibody response against the COOH-terminal portion of the protein was the strongest in both experimentally and naturally infected animals. Moreover, these antibodies became detectable the earliest during experimental infection, suggesting an ordered expansion of ESAT-6-specific B-cell clones in the course of infection. The data support use of synthetic peptides in lieu of the full-length ESAT-6 protein in diagnostic antibody detection assays.
Application of new nanoparticle structures as catalysts: general discussion (2018)

Carlo Lamberti opened discussion of the paper by Chris-Kriton Skylaris: Do you think that your approach can be used also to investigate molecular absorption on the surface e.g. using CO as a probe? The coverage-dependent vibrational spectra of CO adsorbed on Pt and Pd nanoparticles (NP) are ext
Analysis of a Voltage Controlled Current Regulated PWM Induction Motor Drive (1988)

A tachometerless PWM (pulse width modulated) induction motor drive that incorporates a PI (proportional plus integral) current regulator as an inner control loop and a PI voltage controller as an outer control loop is analyzed. Two different PI voltage controllers are investigated as part of this induction motor drive, one of them is defined in the synchronous reference frame and the other is defined in the stationary reference frame. The steady state characteristics of these two motor drives are investigated and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. The stability of the voltage controlled current regulated PWM (VCCRPWM) induction motor drive is investigated with respect to load variations, PI voltage controller gains, and induction motor parameter variations. Previous research has suggested that the stationary PI voltage controller has desireable [sic] characteristics at lower operating frequencies and that the synchronous PI voltage controller has desireable [sic] characteristics at higher operating frequencies [2]. Therefore, a frequency at which changeover from one voltage controller to the other voltage controller is determined.
More than BOLD: Dual‐spin populations create functional contrast (2019)

Some of the previously observed "nonclassical" behaviors of functional contrast can be explained by these interacting dual-spin populations.
Off-Road Obstacle Avoidance through End-to-End Learning (2005)

We describe a vision-based obstacle avoidance system for off-road mobile robots. The system is trained from end to end to map raw input images to steering angles. It is trained in supervised mode to predict the steering angles provided by a human driver during training runs collected in a wide variety of terrains, weather conditions, lighting conditions, and obstacle types. The robot is a 50cm off-road truck, with two forward-pointing wireless color cameras. A remote computer processes the video and controls the robot via radio. The learning system is a large 6-layer convolutional network whose input is a single left/right pair of unprocessed low-resolution images. The robot exhibits an excellent ability to detect obstacles and navigate around them in real time at speeds of 2 m/s.
Adaptive sampling and reconstruction using greedy error minimization (2011)

We introduce a novel approach for image space adaptive sampling and reconstruction in Monte Carlo rendering. We greedily minimize relative mean squared error (MSE) by iterating over two steps. First, given a current sample distribution, we optimize over a discrete set of filters at each pixel and select the filter that minimizes the pixel error. Next, given the current filter selection, we distribute additional samples to further reduce MSE. The success of our approach hinges on a robust technique to select suitable per pixel filters. We develop a novel filter selection procedure that robustly solves this problem even with noisy input data. We evaluate our approach using effects such as motion blur, depth of field, interreflections, etc. We provide a comparison to a state-of-the-art algorithm based on wavelet shrinkage and show that we achieve significant improvements in numerical error and visual image quality. Our approach is simple to implement, requires a single user parameter, and is compatible with standard Monte Carlo rendering.
A Novel Small-molecule WNT Inhibitor, IC-2, Has the Potential to Suppress Liver Cancer Stem Cells (2017)

The novel derivative of small-molecule WNT inhibitor, IC-2, has the potential to suppress liver CSCs and can serve as a promising therapeutic agent to improve the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Modulation transfer function of a selenium-based digital mammography system (2006)

Digital mammography systems with detectors based on amorphous selenium exhibit outstanding spatial resolution characterized by the modulation transfer function (MTF). We measured the detector behavior of the Siemens Mammomat Novation/sup DR/ with 70 /spl mu/m pixel pitch and compared the results to analytical evaluations based on Monte Carlo simulations. Experimentally, the MTF of the mammography system is obtained from the images of a lead bar pattern or an edge phantom using different X-ray spectra. The simulations take into account all relevant X-ray interactions in the selenium layer. The resulting line-spread function is transformed to the MTF. Even at the Nyquist frequency (i.e., 7.14 mm/sup -1/), the measured MTF is well above 45% and thus fairly close to its theoretical limit (64%). The MTF shows a few percentage points of low-frequency drop, which can be explained in part by the presence of scattered radiation. The simulations allow the features observed to be explained. The detector investigated provides excellent spatial resolution and appears well suited for high-end mammography.
Proteomic Study of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Tissue Employing Complementary Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches (2009)

An extensive data set comprising 2660 unique protein identifications was obtained for the proteome of a human brain tumor (glioblastoma multiforme) by combining the results of two complementary analytical strategies based on two-dimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry. A bottom-up method, performing peptide separation in both chromatographic dimensions was employed as well as a semi-top-down method, in which intact proteins were separated in the first and tryptic peptides in the second dimension. The identified proteins were assigned to their molecular functions and compared to previously identified proteins of glioblastoma multiforme (= astrocytoma WHO grade IV), lower WHO grade astrocytomas (grade II and III), and nontumor brain tissue. With the use of a subset of 104 identified membrane proteins, the properties of intact protein fractionation in the first dimension of the semi-top-down approach were elucidated in detail. The benefit of the semi-top-down approach was further demonstrated by the identification of a set of endogenous glioblastoma multiforme expressed proteins. These proteins correspond to recombinant antigens which were recently found to be reactive against autoantibodies in glioblastoma multiforme patients. The results indicate the usefulness of the semi-top-down approach for the investigation of immunogenic antigens in human tumor tissue samples.
Fast functional MRA using time-resolved projection MR angiography with correlation analysis (2000)

Most recently, time-resolved 2D MRA after injection of a contrast agent bolus for various applications has been proposed. Similar to conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 2D MR DSA offers the ability to observe the dilution of the bolus in the vascular system during the passage with a temporal resolution considerably below 1 sec. The purpose of this paper is to present strategies to improve the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of 2D angiograms while retaining some temporal resolution. This can be achieved by applying algorithms for time series analysis as used in functional MRI. The significantly improved image quality is demonstrated on examples from clinical studies from bronchial MRA as well as cardiovascular MRA. In addition to the increased signal-to-noise ratio, correlation analysis leads to suppression of background signals and to a better discrimination of overlapping vessels. Further improvements in the temporal discrimination of vessels is afforded by the use of consecutive multiple contrast agent boli as demonstrated by numerical simulations and experiments.
Silicone oil contamination and electrical contact resistance degradation of low-force gold contacts. (2006)

Hot-switched low-force gold electrical contact testing was performed using a nanomechanical test apparatus to ascertain the sensitivity of simulated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) contact to silicone oil contamination. The observed cyclic contact resistance degradation was dependent on both closure rate and noncontact applied voltage. The decomposition of silicone oil from electrical arcing was hypothesized as the degradation mechanism.
Endothelial progenitor cell number and ERK phosphorylation serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib (2016)

Sorafenib is an oral anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor used for systemic therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are not suitable candidates for surgery or liver transplantation. An earlier study conducted with HCC tumor tissue suggested that ERK phosphorylation (pERK), a downstream target of sorafenib, may serve as a potential biomarker for therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib. However, no study thus far has utilized a minimal invasive procedure to predict HCC patient responsiveness to sorafenib. We evaluated the biomarker utility of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) frequency and intracellular pERK levels in EPCs in peripheral blood obtained pre- and post-sorafenib therapy or after transarterial chemoembolistaion (TACE). A statistically significant reduction in the level of ERK phosphorylation and in the absolute number of EPCs was detected following <i>in vivo</i> sorafenib treatment (<i>p</i> < 0 .01 for both). In contrast, the decrease in the level of ERK phosphorylation and EPC number was either marginally significant or insignificant in patients treated with TACE (<i>p</i> = 0.05 and 0.06, respectively). <i>In vitro</i> sorafenib treatment of pre- and post-samples from the same patient cohort inhibited ERK phosphorylation levels in EPCs and decreased the number of EPCs at all doses tested (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Our findings support that the evaluation of both the circulating EPC frequency and the level of ERK phosphorylation in EPCs may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of sorafenib efficacy, both as predictor of treatment outcome and efficacy during drug treatment.
A time delay measurement of a chirped fiber grating by using bidirectional modulation of an optical intensity modulator (2002)

본 논문에서는 Mach-Zehnder변조기 양방향 변조를 이용하여 chirped fiber grating의 시간지연을 측정할 수 있는 간단한 시스템을 제안하였다. 시간차를 두고 양방향 변조된 광신호는 RF영역에서 주기적인 간섭무늬를 만들게 된다. 이러한 광파장에 따라 변하는 간섭무늬의 주기를 측정하여 chirped fiber grating의 시간지연을 측정할 수 있다 5cm의 chirp과3.16nm의 대역폭을 갖는 chi ed fiber grating의 시간지연을 측정하였으며 측정된 시간지연의 평균 기울기는 183ps/nm이고 고1.7%보다 작은 오차 범위에서 측정되었다. A simple method for a time delay measurement of a chirped fiber grating by using bidirectional modulation of a Mach-Zehnder modulator has been proposed. The bidirectionally modulated light with time difference makes an interference fringe in the RF domain. The time delay of a chirped fiber grating can be obtained by measuring the period of the RF interference fringe for different wavelengths. We have measured the time delay of a chirped fiber grating with a chirped length of 5 cm and a bandwidth of 3.16 nm. The average slope of the time delay has been measured to be 183 ps/nm and its uncertainty has been less than <TEX>$\pm$</TEX>1.7%.
Attacking Tumors From All Sides: Personalized Multiplex Vaccines to Tackle Intratumor Heterogeneity (2019)

Tumor vaccines are an important asset in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Whether prophylactic or therapeutic, these vaccines aim to enhance the T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response that is orchestrated by dendritic cells. Although promising preclinical and early-stage clinical results have been obtained, large-scale clinical implementation of cancer vaccination is stagnating due to poor clinical response. The challenges of clinical efficacy of tumor vaccines can be mainly attributed to tumor induced immunosuppression and poor immunogenicity of the chosen tumor antigens. Recently, intratumor heterogeneity and the relation with tumor-specific neoantigen clonality were put in the equation.In this perspective we provide an overview of recent studies showing how personalized tumor vaccines containing multiple neoantigens can broaden and enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, we summarize advances in the understanding of the intratumor mutational landscape containing different tumor cell subclones and the temporal and spatial diversity of neoantigen presentation and burden, and the relation between these factors with respect to tumor immunogenicity. Together, the presented knowledge calls for the investment in the characterization of neoantigens in the context of intratumor heterogeneity to improve clinical efficacy of personalized tumor vaccines.
High resolution temperature sensor based on frequency beating between twin DFB fiber lasers (2020)

We present a high resolution temperature sensor using the beat frequency between the longitudinal modes of twin single-mode distributed feedback fiber lasers. Experimental results show a sensitivity of 1900 MHz/°C, leading to a precision of 0.0007 °C.
Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis (2016)

Microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the central nervous system, play important roles in life-long brain maintenance and in pathology. Despite their importance, their regulatory dynamics during brain development have not been fully elucidated. Using genome-wide chromatin and expression profiling coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis throughout development, we found that microglia undergo three temporal stages of development in synchrony with the brain--early, pre-, and adult microglia--which are under distinct regulatory circuits. Knockout of the gene encoding the adult microglia transcription factor MAFB and environmental perturbations, such as those affecting the microbiome or prenatal immune activation, led to disruption of developmental genes and immune response pathways. Together, our work identifies a stepwise microglia developmental program integrating immune response pathways that may be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
An Action Spectrum of the Riboflavin‐photosensitized Inactivation of Lambda Phage¶ (2005)

ABSTRACT The Action Spectrum of riboflavin (RB) sensitized inactivation of lambda phage was determined between 266 and 575 nm. Below 304 nm, RB depresses the phage reduction by screening phage from radiation that it would otherwise absorb directly. Between 308 and 525 nm, RB sensitizes the inactivation of phage. Enhanced phage reduction is observed at 320 and 500 nm because of binding of RB to the phage and the shifting of the absorption curve of the phage‐bound flavin relative to free flavin in phosphate‐buffered saline. Enhanced inactivation at 320 and 500 nm and depressed phage inactivation between 360 and 410 nm is also influenced by the inner filter effect.
Current status of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer practice among gynecologic oncologists in Japan: a nationwide survey by the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO) (2022)

Gynecologic oncologists in Japan are struggling to deal with psychological burdens in HBOC practice. To promote the clinical practice of HBOC management, there is an urgent need to strengthen human resources and improve educational opportunities, and expand insurance coverage for HBOC management.
Chemical Aspects of Electronic Ceramic Processing (1998)

This volume contains 65 papers from a symposium entitled "Chemical Aspects of Electronic Ceramics Processing," held over four days at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston. The common themes in all of the research presented in this volume are the creative use of chemistry principles for ceramic fabrication and a multidisciplinary approach to materials research. Inorganic chemistry, solid-state chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and electrical engineering have all been skillfully combined to produce materials which will play an increasingly more important part in our lives. As in prior years, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) continues to be a popular area of research and was the subject of approximately half of the papers in this volume. Particularly "hot" areas of research are new and improved precursors, delivery systems for low-vapor pressure precursors, and improved processing and materials properties. Papers are evenly divided between oxide ceramics and non- oxide ceramics.
Measurement of the nue and Total 8B Solar Neutrino Fluxes with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase I Data Set (2007)

This article provides the complete description of results from the Phase I data set of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). The Phase I data set is based on a 0.65 kt-year exposure of heavy water to the solar $^8$B neutrino flux. Included here are details of the SNO physics and detector model, evaluations of systematic uncertainties, and estimates of backgrounds. Also discussed are SNO's approach to statistical extraction of the signals from the three neutrino reactions (charged current, neutral current, and elastic scattering) and the results of a search for a day-night asymmetry in the $\\nu_e$ flux. Under the assumption that the $^8$B spectrum is undistorted, the measurements from this phase yield a solar $\\nu_e$ flux of $\\phi(\\nu_e) = 1.76^{+0.05}_{-0.05}{(stat.)}^{+0.09}_{-0.09} {(syst.)} \\times 10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, and a non-$\\nu_e$ component $\\phi(\\nu_{\\mu\\tau}) = 3.41^{+0.45}_{-0.45}{(stat.)}^{+0.48}_{-0.45} {(syst.)} \\times 10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The sum of these components provides a total flux in excellent agreement with the predictions of Standard Solar Models. The day-night asymmetry in the $\\nu_e$ flux is found to be $A_{e} = 7.0 \\pm 4.9 \\mathrm{(stat.)^{+1.3}_{-1.2}}% \\mathrm{(sys.)}$, when the asymmetry in the total flux is constrained to be zero.