gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of Three-Dimensional Photonic Dirac Points and Spin-Polarized Surface Arcs (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) Dirac points inheriting relativistic effects from high-energy physics appear as gapless excitations in the topological band theory. Hosting fourfold linear dispersion, they play the central role among various topological phases, such as representing the degeneracy of paired Weyl nodes carrying opposite chiralities. While they have been extensively investigated in solid state systems for electrons, 3D Dirac points have not yet been observed in any classical systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate 3D photonic Dirac points in the microwave region with an elaborately designed metamaterial, where two symmetrically placed Dirac points are stabilized by electromagnetic duality symmetry. Furthermore, spin-polarized surface arcs (counterparts of Fermi arcs in electronic systems) are demonstrated, which opens the gate toward implementing spin-multiplexed topological surface wave propagation. Closely linked to other exotic states through topological phase transitions, our system offers an effective medium platform for topological photonics.
Highly integrated wavelength-locked Si photonic ring transmitter using direct monitoring of drop-port OMA (2017)

A highly integrated wavelength locking control circuit is presented. It locks the 4Gbps CMOS-Si photonics ring-based transmitter at the maximum optical modulation amplitude (OMA). The control circuit uses direct monitoring of drop-port OMA and a dither-based slope quantizer. It is low-noise and low-offset. Resultantly, a 0.4% (2.2pm, 0.03°C) locking accuracy is achieved with only 15μA of pk-pk OMA photocurrent at the drop port. This will permit weakly coupled drop ports in a Si ring wavelength-division multiplexed transmitter, inducing OMA penalty of only 2% at the corresponding through ports. The control circuit is also potentially low-power of 234μW (59fJ/bit).
Targeted therapies for breast cancer (2011)

In recent years the description of well-defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer, together with the identification of the driving genetic alterations and signaling pathways, has led to the clinical development of a number of successful molecular targeted agents. This is best exemplified in the subset of HER2-amplified breast cancers, in which an increasing number of active agents are changing the natural history of this aggressive disease. Other targets are under exploration, and the clinical development of these agents will require a change from the current large, randomized trials in unselected patient populations to smaller trials in groups with a molecularly defined tumor type. In addition, combinatorial approaches that act on the secondary mutations and/or compensatory pathways in resistant tumors may markedly improve on the effects of targeted agents used alone.
Robust hypothesis testing for structured uncertainty models (1998)

Developing uncertainty models suitable for modern robust design methods involves numerous modeling decisions regarding uncertainty structure, noise models and uncertainty bounds. We consider the problem of selecting between one of two candidate uncertainty models based on input-output data. Each uncertainty model consists of a nominal linear plant with a standard linear fractional transformation (LFT) uncertainty structure and Gaussian output noise. A classical statistical hypothesis testing performance measure is used to evaluate decision procedures. We derive a D-scaled upper bound on this performance measure, and show that this upper bound can be minimized by convex programming and /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// filtering techniques. In addition, a general robust hypothesis testing result is derived.
In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Comparison of Mu‐Opioid Receptor Activity of the Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Alkaloid Mitragynine and its Metabolite 7‐Hydroxymitragynine (2021)

Abstract Background The µ‐opioid receptor (MOR) pharmacology of mitragynine and its 7‐hydroxy metabolite have not been fully established. Method For both we assessed binding affinity and efficacy in vitro , as well as discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects in rats. Result Both mitragynine (MG) and 7‐hydroxymitragynine (7‐MG) had higher binding affinities at human MOR (K i values 77.9 and 709 nM, respectively) than at the human k‐ (KOR) or d‐opioid receptors (DOR). MG was identified as a MOR antagonist while 7‐MG was identified as a MOR partial agonist (E max =41%) using the [ 35 S]GTPγS functional assay. In Sprague Dawley rats trained to discriminate 3.2 mg/kg morphine from vehicle (i.p.), MG produced a maximum of 72% morphine‐lever responding. Whereas morphine produced a maximum of 65% MG‐lever responding in a separate group of rats trained to discriminate 32 mg/kg MG from vehicle (i.p.), other MOR agonists (i.p.) produced high percentages of morphine‐lever and MG‐lever responding (respectively): 7‐MG (100% and 98%), fentanyl (100% and 80%), buprenorphine (100% and 79%), and nalbuphine (99% and 98%). MG (up to 56 mg/kg, i.p.) did not produce significant antinociception, whereas 7‐MG (17.8 mg/kg, i.p.) produced robust antinociception in the hotplate assay with the temperature set at 52 °C. Naltrexone (0.032 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized the discriminative stimulus, rate‐decreasing, and antinociceptive effects of morphine and 7‐MG. Conversly, naltrexone (0.032 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized the discriminative stimulus effects of MG, but not its rate‐decreasing effects. Pretreatment with MG (5.6 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated the discriminative‐stimulus effects of morphine but antagonized the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Conclusion Striking differences in MOR efficacy in vitro are consistent with 7‐MG having greater MOR efficacy than MG in vivo . MG exerts both MOR antagonist and agonist activity depending on the MOR efficacy required.
Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to erlotinib in head and neck cancer cells (2017)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, most clinical trials with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown modest response rates due to development of acquired resistance. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of an isogenic pair of erlotinib-sensitive (SCC-S) and resistant (SCC-R) HNSCC cell lines to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that govern acquired resistance to erlotinib. Exome sequencing resulted in identification of 148 non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 139 genes and copy number alterations (CNA) (2 fold) affecting 339 genes in SCC-R cells compared to SCC-S cells. Comparison of SNVs from SCC-R against post-translational modification databases resulted in identification of loss of ubiquitinylation site at p.K57E in dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) which was validated using in-house high-throughput proteomic data. Substitution mutation K57N in MAP2K1 is shown to result in its constitutive activation and subsequent gefitinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. We also identified a well-known driver mutation p.G13R in Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) (AllF: 20.41%). In addition, we also observed CNA in other genes of this pathway including RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT2), glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha (GSK3A), Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1) amongst others. Corresponding protein expression changes of these genes were also observed in proteomics data. Quantitative phosphoproteomics revealed hyperphosphorylation of other proteins involved in MAPK pathway such as serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF), MAP2K2, mitogen-activated protein kinases such as MAPK1 and MAPK3. Integrative multi-omic analysis revealed constitutive activation of key intermediates of MAPK pathway in SCC-R cells compared to SCC-S cells which may be essential in the development of acquired resistance to erlotinib in these cells. We hypothesize that combinatorial treatment regime involving inhibition of putative targets such as MAP2K1 with erlotinib therapy may aid in tackling acquired erlotinib resistance in HNSCC patients.
Carbon nanotubes and their potential field emission applications (2005)

Carbon nano-tubes are alternatives to conventional metal/silicon tips for field emission sources. They exhibit extraordinary field emission properties because of their high electrical conductivity, their high aspect ratio "whisker-like" shape for optimum geometrical field enhancement, and remarkable thermal stability. This paper will review the PECVD growth process, and the micro-fabrication techniques needed to produce well defined carbon nano-tube based micro-electron sources for use in a variety of applications.
Improving Wait-Free Algorithms for Interprocess Communication in Embedded Real-Time Systems (2002)

Concurrency management is a basic requirement for interprocess communication in any multitasking system. This usually takes the form of lock-based or other blocking algorithms. In real-time and/or time-sensitive systems, the less-predictable timing behavior of lock-based mechanisms and the additional task-execution dependency make synchronization undesirable. Recent research has provided non-blocking and wait-free algorithms for interprocess communication, particularly in the domain of single-writer, multiple-reader semantics, but these algorithms typically incur high costs in terms of computation or space complexity, or both. In this paper, we propose a general transformation mechanism that takes advantage of temporal characteristics of the system to reduce both time and space overheads of current single-writer, multiple-reader algorithms. We show a 17--66% execution time reduction along with a 14-- 70% memory space reduction when three wait-free algorithms are improved by applying our transformation. We present three new algorithms for wait-free, single-writer, multiple-reader communication along with detailed performance evaluation of nine algorithms under various experimental conditions.
Mode locked fiber lasers, past, present and future (2012)

We review the development of industrial mode locked fiber lasers and discuss novel fiber laser designs inspired by the concept of frequency combs and their impact in ultrafast optics and precision spectroscopy.
Lysosomal PPT1‐insufficiency is a common pathogenic link between INCL and JNCL (2020)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, constitute a group of the most common inherited childhood neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Even though mutations in &gt;13 different genes cause various NCLs, at the cellular level, all the NCLs characteristically accumulate autofluorescent material (ceroid) in lysosomes and clinically, develop seizures, visual failure and a progressive decline in cognitive and motor functions. These findings suggest shared pathogenic mechanism(s) in these diseases. While inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene, encoding lysosomal PPT1, cause infantile NCL (INCL), mutations in the CLN3 gene encoding a lysosomal membrane protein of unknown function underlie juvenile NCL (JNCL). PPT1 catalyzes depalmitoylation of S‐acylated proteins, required for their degradation by lysosomal hydrolases. Thus, PPT1‐deficiency causes lysosomal accumulation of S‐acylated proteins (ceroid) leading to INCL. The Cln1 −/− and Cln3 −/− mice are reliable animal models of INCL and JNCL, respectively. Here we report for the first time that Cln3‐protein requires S‐palmitoylation for its endosomal transport to the lysosomal membrane. Moreover, we found that in the brain of Cln3 −/− mice, lysosomal PPT1‐protein as well as Ppt1‐enzymatic activity are significantly lower compared with lysosomes derived from their age‐ and sex‐matched WT counterparts. Unexpectedly, we found that the lysosomes from Cln3 −/− mice accumulate significantly higher levels of S‐palmitoylated proteins, characteristically found in those from Cln1 −/− mice. Previously, it has been reported that CLN3 mutations suppress the exit of cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (CI‐M6PR) from trans‐Golgi network (TGN), essential for its endosomal trafficking to the late endosome/lysosome. Since CI‐M6PR transports soluble proteins including Ppt1 to the lysosome, we hypothesized that Cln3 mutations may adversely affect the transport of PPT1 to the lysosome causing Ppt1‐insufficiency. Biochemical and confocal microscopic analyses of brain tissues from Cln3 −/− mice revealed significantly higher levels of Ppt1 and CI‐M6PR in the Golgi compared to those of their WT counterparts. Collectively, our results demonstrate that lysosomal Ppt1‐insufficiency is a common pathogenic link between INCL and JNCL and suggest that a recently identified Ppt1‐mimetic, neuroprotective small molecule, NtBuHA, may have therapeutic implications for both INCL and JNCL. Support or Funding Information Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, NIH
Algorithm Development and Experimental Evaluation of Blind Equalizers for Rapidly Varying Channels with Antenna Arrays (2000)

Abstract : RESEARCH FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING AND TESTING EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS FOR EXPLICIT MODELING AND BLIND ESTIMATION OF TIME-VARYING COMMUNICATION CHANNELS, AND THE RESULTING SELF-RECOVERING ANTENNA RECEIVERS AND EQUALIZERS IN RAPIDLY FADING MOBILE BATTLEFIELD SCENARIOS, ESTABLISHED THAT FINITELY PARAMETRIZED BASIS EXPANSIONS RENDER SINGLE- INPUT SINGLE-OUTPUT (ISIO) TIME-VARYING (TV) CHANNELS EQUIVALENT TO MULTIVARIATE TIME-INVARIANT (IT) CHANNELS WITH INPUTS FORMED BY MODULATING A SINGLE INPUT WITH THE BASES (J2,J3).
Simulation and measurement of medium frequency signals coupling from a line to a loop antenna (2015)

The underground mining environment can affect radio signal propagation in various ways. Understanding these effects is especially critical in evaluating communications systems used during normal mining operations and during mine emergencies. One of these types of communications systems relies on Medium Frequency radio frequencies. This paper presents the simulation and measurement results of recent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) research aimed at investigating medium frequency coupling between a transmission line and a loop antenna in an underground coal mine. Two different types of measurements were completed: line current distribution and line to antenna coupling. Measurements were taken underground in an experimental coal mine and on a specially designed surface test area. The results of these tests are characterized by current along a transmission line and voltage induced in the loop from a line. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues for medium frequency transmission lines. These include magnetic fields at the ends of the transmission line, connection of the ends of the transmission line, the effect of other conductors underground, and the proximity of coal or earth. These results could help operators by providing examples of these challenges that may be experienced underground.
Five-year adjacent-level degenerative changes in patients with single-level disease treated using lumbar total disc replacement with ProDisc-L versus circumferential fusion (2012)

At 5 years after the index surgery, ProDisc-L maintained ROM and was associated with a significantly lower rate of ΔALDs than in the patients treated with circumferential fusion. In fact, the fusion patients were greater than 3 times more likely to experience ΔALDs than were the TDR patients. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00295009.
Read and Pass Disturbance in the Programmed States of Floating Gate Flash Memory Cells With High-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\kappa$</tex></formula> Interpoly Gate Dielectric Stacks (2013)

High-κ stacks have been used in the 20-nm generation of floating gate (FG) flash memory cells as the interpoly dielectric (IPD). However, electron trapping in high-κ materials remains a major concern for the further development of FG technology. For conventional FG cells, read/pass disturbance in the erased states is a major issue. In this paper, for the first time, it is observed that electron trapping/detrapping in the high-κ IPD layers can cause severe abnormal read/pass disturbances in the programmed states. Extensive evidence shows that this instability in programmed states originates from several competing mechanisms, including the redistribution of electron trapping between the IPD and FG and the electron discharging from FG/IPD into the control gate. This issue should be addressed in the development of future generations of FG Flash technology with higher-κ IPD materials.
New Reactions and Products Resulting from Alternative Interactions between the P450 Enzyme and Redox Partners (2014)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are capable of catalyzing a great variety of synthetically useful reactions such as selective C-H functionalization. Surrogate redox partners are widely used for reconstitution of P450 activity based on the assumption that the choice of these auxiliary proteins or their mode of action does not affect the type and selectivity of reactions catalyzed by P450s. Herein, we present an exceptional example to challenge this postulate. MycG, a multifunctional biosynthetic P450 monooxygenase responsible for hydroxylation and epoxidation of 16-membered ring macrolide mycinamicins, is shown to catalyze the unnatural N-demethylation(s) of a range of mycinamicin substrates when partnered with the free Rhodococcus reductase domain RhFRED or the engineered Rhodococcus-spinach hybrid reductase RhFRED-Fdx. By contrast, MycG fused with the RhFRED or RhFRED-Fdx reductase domain mediates only physiological oxidations. This finding highlights the larger potential role of variant redox partner protein-protein interactions in modulating the catalytic activity of P450 enzymes.
Organic Materials and Their Chemically Extracted Humic and Fulvic Acids as Potential Soil Amendments for Faba Bean Cultivation in Soils with Varying CaCO3 Contents (2021)

Organic amendments are important sources of nutrients that release upon organic matter degradation, yet the stability of these organics in arid and semi-arid regions is relatively low. In contrast, humic substances (HS) are resistant to biodegradation and can keep nutrients in the soil available for the plant over a long time. Combinations between humic substances (HS) and mineral-N fertilizers are assumed to retain higher available nutrients in soils than those recorded for the sole application of either mineral or organic applications. We anticipate, however, that humic substances might not be as efficient as the organics from which they were extracted in increasing NP uptake by plants. To test these assumptions, faba bean was planted in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions following a complete randomized design while considering three factors: two soils (calcareous and non-calcareous, Factor A), two organics (biogas and compost, Factor B) and combinations of the organics and their extracts (HA or FA) together with complementary doses of mineral-N ((NH4)2SO4) to attain a total rate of 50 kg N ha−1 (the recommended dose for faba bean plants) (Factor C). Results indicated that nitrogenase activity increased significantly due to the application of the used organics. In this respect, compost manure caused higher nitrogenase activity than biogas manure did. Humic substances raised NP-availability and the uptake by plants significantly; however, the values of increase were lower than those that occurred due to the compost or biogas manure. Moreover, the sole application of the used organics recorded the highest increases in plant biomass. Significant correlations were also detected between NP-availability, uptake and plant biomass. This means that HS could probably retain nutrients in available forms for long time periods, yet nutrients released continuously but slowly upon decomposition of organics seemed more important for plant nutrition.
Vision-Controlled Micro Flying Robots: From System Design to Autonomous Navigation and Mapping in GPS-Denied Environments (2014)

Autonomous microhelicopters will soon play a major role in tasks like search and rescue, environment monitoring, security surveillance, and inspection. If they are further realized in small scale, they can also be used in narrow outdoor and indoor environments and represent only a limited risk for people. However, for such operations, navigating based only on global positioning system (GPS) information is not sufficient. Fully autonomous operation in cities or other dense environments requires microhelicopters to fly at low altitudes, where GPS signals are often shadowed, or indoors and to actively explore unknown environments while avoiding collisions and creating maps. This involves a number of challenges on all levels of helicopter design, perception, actuation, control, and navigation, which still have to be solved. The Swarm of Micro Flying Robots (SFLY) project was a European Union-funded project with the goal of creating a swarm of vision-controlled microaerial vehicles (MAVs) capable of autonomous navigation, three-dimensional (3-D) mapping, and optimal surveillance coverage in GPS-denied environments. The SFLY MAVs do not rely on remote control, radio beacons, or motion-capture systems but can fly all by themselves using only a single onboard camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). This article describes the technical challenges that have been faced and the results achieved from hardware design and embedded programming to vision-based navigation and mapping, with an overview of how all the modules work and how they have been integrated into the final system. Code, data sets, and videos are publicly available to the robotics community. Experimental results demonstrating three MAVs navigating autonomously in an unknown GPS-denied environment and performing 3-D mapping and optimal surveillance coverage are presented.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Liver (2016)

Our data suggest that SE-EPI-MRE may be a better alternative to GRE-MRE. The diagnostic performance of SE-EPI-MRE for detection of liver fibrosis needs to be assessed in a future study.
Human Cortical Thickness Organized into Genetically-determined Communities across Spatial Resolutions (2017)

The cerebral cortex may be organized into anatomical genetic modules, communities of brain regions with shared genetic influences via pleiotropy. Such modules could represent novel phenotypes amenable to large-scale gene discovery. This modular structure was investigated with network analysis of in vivo MRI of extended pedigrees, revealing a "multiscale" structure where smaller and larger modules exist simultaneously and in partially overlapping fashion across spatial scales, in contrast to prior work suggesting a specific number of cortical thickness modules. Inter-regional genetic correlations, gene co-expression patterns and computational models indicate that two simple organizational principles account for a large proportion of the apparent complexity in the network of genetic correlations. First, regions are strongly genetically correlated with their homologs in the opposite cerebral hemisphere. Second, regions are strongly genetically correlated with nearby regions in the same hemisphere, with an initial steep decrease in genetic correlation with anatomical distance, followed by a more gradual decline. Understanding underlying organizational principles of genetic influence is a critical step towards a mechanistic model of how specific genes influence brain anatomy and mediate neuropsychiatric risk.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Glycosphingolipid Biosynthesis: Application to Lysosomal Storage Disorders (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.