gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field-Related Failure of GaN-on-Si HEMTs: Dependence on Device Geometry and Passivation (2016)

This paper reports on an extensive analysis of the breakdown of GaN-based Schottky-gated HEMTs submitted to high-voltage stress. The analysis was carried out on transistors with different lengths of the drain-side gate-head ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{\mathrm {GH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), corresponding to different levels of electric field across the SiN passivation. Based on dc measurements, 2-D simulations, and optical analysis, we demonstrate the following original results: 1) when submitted to high drain voltages (in the OFF-state), the transistors can show catastrophic failure; 2) electroluminescence microscopy indicates the presence of hot-spots on the drain-side of the gate; 2-D simulations support the hypothesis that failure occurs in correspondence of the gate-head, on the drain-side edge, where the electric field in the silicon nitride passivation has its maximum; 3) this hypothesis is confirmed by the results of transmission electron microscope failure analysis that demonstrate the generation of a leakage path between the gate metal and the channel, 4) and by the dependence of the destructive voltage on the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{\mathrm {GH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value. 5) in addition, we propose and demonstrate an approach for improving the reliability of the devices, i.e., using a graded SiN passivation with increased thickness. The results described in this paper provide important information for the device optimization of Schottky-gated HEMTs.
Determining Limonene Diffusion in Molten Polyethylene from within 0.1 μs Molecular Dynamics Trajectories (2002)

Molecular dynamics simulations of the diffusion of limonene into molten polyethylene were performed in order to explore the possibility of using atomistic simulations to predict the diffusion of “larger” solute molecules in polymers. The system contained 6000 anisotropic united atom methylene units with a molar mass of 84 000 g mol-1. A “united atom” limonene molecule (C10 H16) was introduced into the polyethylene matrix. Limonene trajectories were generated for 2−100 ns at 77−227 °C. The simulated diffusivities were compared with experimental zero-concentration diffusivities of limonene in natural rubber and ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene, obtained from desorption measurements in the same temperature range. The simulated diffusivities and activation energy were within 30% and 16% of the experimental thermodynamic diffusivities and activation energies, respectively. The simulated average diffusivities, obtained from 10 trajectories, changed by only 33% when the simulation time was shortened from 100 ns to 500 ps. The limonene molecule “vibrated” in a cagelike fashion on a 1−2 ps scale, whereas on a larger time scale the jumping was liquidlike. The limonene molecule showed tumbling during its motion through the polyethylene matrix.
Vertical coherence of sound propagation and seabed geoacoustic inversion (2004)

Array processing techniques in shallow water often require knowledge of the spatial coherence of sound propagation. However, few wideband data sets on this subject have been published. As a part of the ASIAEX program in the East China Sea, wideband sound propagation measurements were conducted in June 2001 along three radial directions and along a circle with a radius of 30 km. An earlier related paper dealt with reverberation data from this experiment [J. X. Zhou and X. Z. Zhang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2204 (2003)]. This paper analyzes sound propagation vertical coherence (SPVC) as a function of frequency, range, and propagation direction. Then the SPVC is used to invert bottom sound speed and attenuation. The results show that the characteristics of the SPVC and the SPVC-inverted bottom acoustic parameters agree well with geological survey and sediment cores in the ASIAEX area. [Work supported by ONR and NNSF of China.]
Enhanced backscattering by multiple nanocylinders illuminated by TE plane wave (2008)

In this paper, we study the multiple scattering by electrically small (the radius of the cylinder is much smaller than the wavelength) plasmonic nanocylinders near surface plasmon resonance. The cylinders are assumed to be identical in dimension and composition. The incident plane wave is assumed to be TE polarized so that the plasmon resonance of two-dimensional cylindrical structures (for both individual and group of cylinders) can be excited. It is found that multiple plasmonic cylinders enhance the near-field magnetic field intensity due to mutual coupling. When the electrical dimension q of the cylinders (q=k0R, where k0 is the wave number of the free space and R is the radius of the cylinder) is fixed, the magnitude of the field distribution primarily depends on the positions of the cylinders at normal incidence.
BARTTER'S SYNDROME, A CASE REPORT AND SOME CONSIDERATION ON PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM (1974)

われわれは50才,女性のBartter症候群の1例を経験し,体液量の増加による血漿レニン活性(PRA),血漿アルドステロン値(PAC)の変動,および外因性angiotensin IIの昇圧反応の変化を観察した.常食時高値を示したPRA (17.8ng angiotensin I/ml/h) PAC (32.2mμg100/ml)は高塩食で低下し,さらに生理的食塩水500ml 4日間で正常化した(PRA 1.9ng/ml, PAC 5.8mμg/100ml).同時にangiotensin IIに対する昇圧反応は正常化した. Bartterらは本症の病因としてangiotensin IIに対する血管の昇圧反応欠如をあげているが, Goodmanら,河野らにより循環血漿量増加によりangiotensin IIの昇圧反応が回復される症例が報告されている.本例もそのような症例と考えられ,この際PRA, PACが正常化していることを示した. spironolactone投与により血清カリウムの正常化した時,血漿レニン活性は若干低下し, angiotensin IIに対する昇圧反応は正常下限まで改善したが,血漿アルドステロン含量はかえつて増加を示した.食塩負荷により血漿レニン活性,血漿アルドステロン含量, angiotensin IIによる昇圧反応が正常化したことは潜在的なナトリウム喪失傾向の存在を強く示唆するが,ナトリウム,カリウムの何れの欠乏が本症候群の第一義的な病因をなしているのか不詳である.
Intensive Care Unit Insulin Delivery Algorithms: Why So Many? How to Choose? (2009)

OBJECTIVE: Studies showing improved outcomes with tight glycemic control in the intensive care unit (ICU) have resulted in a substantial number of new insulin delivery algorithms being proposed. The present study highlights mechanisms used in the better-known approaches, examines what might be critical differences among them, and uses systems theory to characterize the conditions under which each can be expected to perform best. METHODS: Algorithm dose (DeltaI/DeltaG) and step (response to a persistent elevation in glucose) response curves were calculated for written instruction algorithms, developed at the Providence Heart and Vascular Institute (Portland [P] protocol), the University of Washington (UW), and Yale University (Y), together with similar curves for the Glucommander (GM) and proportional integral derivative (PID) computer algorithms. From the simulated curves, different mechanisms used to adjust insulin delivery were identified. RESULTS: All algorithms increased insulin delivery in response to persistent hyperglycemia, but the mechanism used altered the algorithm's sensitivity to glucose, or gain, in the GM, UW, and Y protocols, while leaving it unchanged for the P protocol and PID algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in insulin delivery in response to persistent hyperglycemia observed with all the algorithms can be expected to bring subjects who respond to insulin to targeted glucose ranges. However, because the PID and P protocols did not alter the insulin delivery response curves, these algorithms can be expected to take longer to achieve target glucose levels in individuals who are insulin resistant and/or are exposed to increased carbohydrate loads (e.g., glucose infusions). By contrast, the GM, UW, and Y algorithms can be expected to adapt to the insulin resistance such that the time to achieve target levels is unchanged if the time for insulin to act does not change. If the insulin resistance is accompanied by a longer time for insulin to act, the UW, Y, and GM algorithms may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Under these conditions, the longer time required for the PID and P protocols to achieve a target glucose level may be a reasonable trade-off for no increase in the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical Feasibility of a New Partial Spoiling T2 Mapping Approach After Cartilage Repair of the Knee (2011)

Aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new quantitative T2 mapping approach using partial spoiling in patients after cartilage repair of the knee; furthermore to compare and correlate the results against the established methodology of T2 mapping with a multi-slice multi-echo (MSME) technique. Both quantitative T2 techniques showed comparable results and a high correlation in the evaluation of cartilage repair tissue and healthy reference cartilage. The new technique may provide additional benefits and possibilities in future approaches allowing for high resolution and three-dimensional, isotropic quantitative T2 mapping.
Hierarchical Formation of Supramolecular Transient Networks in Water: A Modular Injectable Delivery System (2012)

A modular one-component supramolecular transient network in water, based on poly(ethylene glycol) and end-capped with four-fold hydrogen bonding units, is reported. Due to its nonlinear structural formation, this system allows active proteins to be added to the hydrogel during formation. Once implanted in vivo it releases the protein by erosion of both the protein and polymer via dissolution.
Driver Visual Focus of Attention Estimation in Autonomous Vehicles (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An existing challenge in current state-of-the-art autonomous vehicles is the process of safely transferring control from autonomous driving mode to manual mode because the driver may be distracted with secondary tasks. Such distractions may impair a driver’s situational awareness of the driving environment which will lead to fatal outcomes during a handover. Current state-of-the-art vehicles notify a user of an imminent handover via auditory, visual, and physical alerts but are unable to improve a driver’s situational awareness before a handover is executed. The overall goal of our research team is to address the challenge of providing a driver with relevant information to regain situational awareness of the driving task. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to estimating a driver’s visual focus of attention using a 2D RGB camera as input to a Multi-Input Convolutional Neural Network with shared weights. The system was validated in a realistic driving scenario. The developed approach is a first step towards estimating a driver’s situational awareness from their observable indicators which will in the future be utilized to provide targeted information to the driver during a handover.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
KHEPERA: a system for rapid implementation of domain specific languages (1997)

The Khepera system is a toolkit for the rapid implementation and long-term maintenance of domain specific languages (DSLs). Our viewpoint is that DSLs are most easily implemented via source-tosource translation from the DSL into another language and that this translation should be based on simple parsing, sophisticated tree-based analysis and manipulation, and source generation using prettyprinting techniques. Khepera emphasizes the use of familiar, pre-existing tools and provides support for transformation replay and debugging for the DSL processor and end-user programs. In this paper, we presentanoverview of our approach, including implementation details and a short example. 1 Introduction Domain specific languages (DSL) can often be implemented as a source-to-source translator composed with a processor for another language. For example, PIC [8], a classic &amp;quot;little language&amp;quot; for typesetting figures, is translated into troff, a general-purpose typesetting language. Language composi...
Transition-metal methylene complexes. 14. Reactions of an electron-rich dimetallacyclopropane with protic acids: synthesis and x-ray crystal structures of novel rhodium-methyl and -methylidyne complexes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal methylene complexes. 14. Reactions of an electron-rich dimetallacyclopropane with protic acids: synthesis and x-ray crystal structures of novel rhodium-methyl and -methylidyne complexesWolfgang A. Herrmann, Johann Plank, Doris Riedel, Manfred L. Ziegler, Klaus Weidenhammer, Ernst Guggolz, and Barbara BalbachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1, 63–75Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00391a014Request reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ensemble Expressive Performance Dataset (EEP) (2014)

The dataset contains five extracts from Beethoven’s Concerto N.4, Op. 18:
(I) Allegro-Prestissimo movement,
(P.1) Allegro ma non tanto movement (bars 54-78),
(P.2) Allegro ma non tanto movement (bars 138-151),
(P.3) Menuetto (bars 8-50),
(P.4) Allegro-Prestissimo (bars 28-45).
The piece (I) was recorded 3 times with increasing degrees of expressiveness:
-Mechanical,
-Normal interpreted,
-Exaggerated.
The pieces (P.1-P.4) were recorded 5 times each:
-Ensemble performance,
-Solo performance of Violin 1,
-Solo performance of Violin 2,
-Solo performance of Viola,
-Solo performance of Cello,
The musicians have given their explicit approval for this dataset to be made public.
Audio Files:
Each recording contains audio tracks in the Ambient Audio node: a cardioid microphone and a binaural microphone (this file is best experienced with headphones). In addition, each recording includes contact microphone recording of each musician in separate tracks. These audios are included in the Pickup Audio node.
Score alignment:
We place a score-performance alignment file per musician in the Score Alignment node of each datapack. The original score by Beethoven can be retrieved in various formats here.
If downloaded, the score alignment file can be opened with a text editor and is written in human readable format. It contains, for each performed note a line like the following:
onset-time-in-secs offset-time-in-secs note-pitch
Polhemus MoCap Data:
Bowing motion descriptors can be found in the Instrument Gestures node of each datapack. Within this node the bowing descriptors relative to each musicians are places on separate nodes.
The raw mocap is found on the Polhemus MoCap data node and can be visualized by dragging such node to the first pane of in repovizz.
Triptans for Migraine (2004)

Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) is a selective 5-HT1B/1D agonist and was the first specific antimigraine medication. Since the introduction of sumatriptan, several second-generation triptans have entered the marketplace, including zolmitriptan (Zomig®), naratriptan (Amerge®), rizatriptan (Maxalt®), almotriptan (Axert®), frovatriptan (Frova®) and eletriptan (Relpax®). Their pharmacology and pharmacokinetics are presented briefly in the background section. The subsequent sections describe in detail the various syntheses of sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan and eletriptan.
Hypoxia differently modulates the release of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (2020)

This study suggests that hypoxia negatively modulates nuclear and, particularly, mitochondrial DNA releases in long-term hypoxia, and revealed that the underlying mechanisms are differently regulated.
Near 16 micron CO.sub.2 laser system (1977)

Method and apparatus for inducing laser action in CO.sub.2 at a wavelength of 16 microns involving the transition between the 02.sup.0 0 and 01.sup.1 0 states. The population inversion between these two states is achieved by pumping to the 00.sup.0 1 level, suppressing the usual 10.6 micron transition to the 10.sup.0 0 level and encouraging the 9.6 micron transition, thereby populating the 02.sup.0 0 level, as the principal prerequisite for 16 micron laser action between the 02.sup.0 0 and 01.sup.1 0 levels.
Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (Txnip) Is a Feedback Regulator of S-Nitrosylation (2009)

Nitric oxide exerts a plethora of biological effects via protein S-nitrosylation, a redox-based reaction that converts a protein Cys thiol to a S-nitrosothiol. However, although the regulation of protein S-nitrosylation has been the subject of extensive study, much less is known about the systems governing protein denitrosylation. Most recently, thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductases were shown to mediate both basal and stimulus-coupled protein denitrosylation. We now demonstrate that protein denitrosylation by thioredoxin is regulated dynamically by thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), a thioredoxin inhibitor. Endogenously synthesized nitric oxide represses Txnip, thereby facilitating thioredoxin-mediated denitrosylation. Autoregulation of denitrosylation thus allows cells to survive nitrosative stress. Our findings reveal that denitrosylation of proteins is dynamically regulated, establish a physiological role for thioredoxin in protection from nitrosative stress, and suggest new approaches to manipulate cellular S-nitrosylation.
Role of bone morphogenetic protein signals during skeletal development (2003)

Apoptosis is a principal mechanism in metazoans by which superfluous or potentially harmful cells are eliminated. Deregulation of this process leads to a variety of diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Stimuli that can induce apoptosis are relatively diverse, and include the death factors (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor and TRAIL), DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Regardless of the origin of the apoptotic stimulus, commitment to apoptosis leads to activation of caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. Cleavage of a select group of cellular substrates by caspases is responsible for the morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death. The degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the features of apoptotic cell death, and is mediated by a caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Cells deficient in CAD undergo cell death without the DNA fragmentation, but CAD-null mice did not show any adverse phenotypes. A close examination of the apoptotic cells in these mice indicated that apoptotic cells are always in macrophages. It seems that at an early stage of apoptosis, the dying cells present an 'eat me signal' on their surface. This signal is recognized by macrophages for engulfment, and DNase II in the lysosomes of macrophages degrades DNA of apoptotic cells. Mice deficient in both CAD and DNase II genes were established, and the development of various organs was found to be severely impaired in these mutant mice. The mice accumulated a large amount of undigested DNA in macrophages in various tissues during development. This accumulation of DNA in macrophages activated the innate immunity to induce the expression of the interferon gene. The interferon thus produced seems to be responsible for the impaired tissue development. These results indicate that the degradation of DNA during apoptotic cell death is an essential step of apoptosis to maintain mammalian homeostasis.
Seeking Understanding (2019)

The quest to understand defines our humanness. Since time immemorial it has given rise to art and literature, philosophical reflection, religious practice, myths, metaphor, and allegory, as well as, in more recent history, disciplined scientific inquiry. Seeking understanding is a lifelong journey towards a goal the parameters of which change as our pursuit progresses, until, at life’s end, the goal vanishes beyond the horizon. Such is humanness. Along the way, we build, in an enduring self-transformative fashion, our mind—the scientific mind. But what is that mind? A transdisciplinary team of 21 prominent authors, from areas such as music history, psychiatry, physics, cosmology, education, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, gaming, artificial intelligence, science communication, early child development, science education, and economics, shed light on what it takes humans to build and cultivate the scientific mind along the lifespan. A decade of intercultural dialogue preceded the book. It comprised six major international Building the Scientific Mind colloquia in culturally diverse settings that spanned the entire planet. Several hundred people from different disciplines and interests—among them distinguished scientists, policy and decision makers, practitioners and thinkers—contributed to the dialogue. Building the scientific mind transforms our ‘way of being in the world.’ It is driven by the desire to understand deeply—cognitively and affectively—who we are in a world of which we are an integral part. It has great relevance for sustained human existence in the Anthropocene and profound implications for how we organize the conditions for informal and formal learning.
Heterogeneous Reaction of NO3 with Ice and Sulfuric Acid Solutions:  Upper Limits for the Uptake Coefficients (1997)

Using a Knudsen cell reactor, we have studied the uptake kinetics of the nitrate radical, NO3, on ice and on sulfuric acid solutions. The experiments on ice were carried out over the temperature range 170 < T/K < 200. Experiments with liquid sulfuric acid were performed over the concentration range 60−95 wt % H2SO4. Nitrate radical is detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Measures had to be taken to characterize the fluorescence quenching by water vapor, for which we found a bimolecular rate constant of (6.9 ± 0.5) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Also, the rate of NO3 disappearance on the walls of the Teflon-coated reactor is determined and accounted for in the kinetic analysis. We find that, within the detection limit of our apparatus, there is no interaction between NO3 and these surfaces, allowing us to report the upper limit for the uptake coefficient of γ < 10-3.
Topiramate improves neurovascular function, epidermal nerve fiber morphology, and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2010)

This study is the first to demonstrate that it is possible to induce skin intraepidermal nerve fiber regeneration accompanied by enhancement of neurovascular function, translating into improved symptoms as well as sensory nerve function. The simultaneous improvement of selective metabolic indices may play a role in this effect, but this remains to be determined.
Peta Thread Computing [Keynote I] (2013)

Only a biography of the author was made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.