gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of CFTR Cl − channel gating by ATP binding and hydrolysis (2000)

Opening and closing of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is regulated by the interaction of ATP with its two cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding domains (NBD). Although ATP hydrolysis by the NBDs is required for normal gating, the influence of ATP binding versus hydrolysis on specific steps in the gating cycle remains uncertain. Earlier work showed that the absence of Mg(2+) prevents hydrolysis. We found that even in the absence of Mg(2+), ATP could support channel activity, albeit at a reduced level compared with the presence of Mg(2+). Application of ATP with a divalent cation, including the poorly hydrolyzed CaATP complex, increased the rate of opening. Moreover, in CFTR variants with mutations that disrupt hydrolysis, ATP alone opened the channel and Mg(2+) further enhanced ATP-dependent opening. These data suggest that ATP alone can open the channel and that divalent cations increase ATP binding. Consistent with this conclusion, when we mutated an aspartate thought to bind Mg(2+), divalent cations failed to increase activity compared with ATP alone. Two observations suggested that divalent cations also stabilize the open state. In wild-type CFTR, CaATP generated a long duration open state, whereas ATP alone did not. With a CFTR variant in which hydrolysis was disrupted, MgATP, but not ATP alone, produced long openings. These results suggest a gating cycle for CFTR in which ATP binding opens the channel and either hydrolysis or dissociation leads to channel closure. In addition, the data suggest that ATP binding and hydrolysis by either NBD can gate the channel.
Temporomandibular joint: magnetic resonance imaging. (1985)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the temporomandibular joint was performed in two subjects using a 1.5 T experimental imaging system equipped with a 6.5 cm surface coil antenna. Normal and pathologic anatomy were demonstrated with exquisite detail. Anterior displacement of the joint meniscus was clearly visible in the symptomatic subject, consistent with arthrographic confirmation.
A High-Power Widely Tunable Limiter Utilizing an Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonator Loaded With a Gas Discharge Tube (2016)

A new plasma-based widely tunable power limiter is introduced and experimentally investigated in this paper. The proposed limiter is composed of a high- Q evanescent-mode cavity resonator loaded with a gas discharge tube in its gap area over the post. Increasing input power results in enhancing electric field over the gap, which eventually leads to microwave gas breakdown and plasma formation. The limiter loss after the breakdown depends on the electron density in the tube, which itself is a function of input power. Hence, the limiting mechanism is self-sustained. The threshold power is tunable either coarsely by selecting different tubes with various breakdown voltages or finely by dc biasing the tube. In a fabricated proof-of-concept limiter at 2.16 GHz with 22% bandwidth, preionization by an external dc bias provided 15.5 dB of limiting power tunability in the range of 370 mW-13 W, while the limiter could easily handle up to 100-W input power. The response time of this limiter is <;10 ns. Thanks to the nature of capacitively coupled microwave gas discharge in the α-discharge regime, the limiter performance is quite stable and no degradation was observed after a long operation under high input power.
The effect of zanoterone, a steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Zanoterone Study Group. (1995)

Zanoterone did not demonstrate a favorable risk-to-benefit profile for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Faster and Cheaper (2016)

Matrix factorization (MF) is used by many popular algorithms such as collaborative filtering. GPU with massive cores and high memory bandwidth sheds light on accelerating MF much further when appropriately exploiting its architectural characteristics.
Performance of a Sensorless Controlled Concentrated-Wound Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine at Low and Zero Speed (2015)

This paper concerns the sensorless direct torque and flux control (DTFC) of a 14-pole/18-slot, fractional-slot concentrated winding interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). The dynamic performance of the prototype machine at or near base speed was found to be comparable to a distributed wound IPMSM. However, the lowest operating speed of the machine under sensorless control scheme was only about 30% of the base speed. This paper demonstrates experimentally that this lack of performance can be overcome substantially by using the extended-flux linkage model and high-frequency (HF) injection methods. By using the extended-flux model, the lowest operable speed was reduced from 30% to 5% of the base speed. In order to operate the machine, at a standstill under sensorless control, the HF injection method was employed. Factors that affect the performance at zero speed were investigated systematically.
Posterior interosseous nerve paralysis secondary to an extraneural ganglion cyst from a radial neck pseudarthrosis: illustrative case (2023)

This case illustrates a previously unreported cause of extraneural compression of the PIN from a pseudarthrosis. The mechanism for compression in this case from the radial head pseudarthrosis is likely attributable to the sandwich effect, in which the PIN is sandwiched between the arcade of Frohse at the supinator from above and the cyst below.
Observation and Analysis of the Tunnel Formed on D. C. Etched Highly Ordered Aluminum. Dependence of the Tunnel Shape on the Electrolyte Composition. (2002)

The observation of the tunnel formed on D. C. etched {100} highly ordered aluminum and analysis of the tunnel shape have been performed by using the oxide replica method. The tunnel widths (Wi) were measured as a function of the tunnel depth (li) for the tunnels obtained by D. C. etching in AlCl3, HCl+AlCl3, NaCl+AlCl3, H2SO4+AlCl3, LiCl, NaCl and KCl aqueous solutions. As has already been reported regarding HCl solution, Wi tapered exponentially with li, i. e., log (Wi/W10)=a·li, where W10 is the tunnel width at the depth of 10μm from the tunnel entrance, in all solutions examined in this study. In HCl+AlCl3 solution, Wi tapered rapidly with li compared to the case of HCl or AlCl3 solutions. The rapid decrease in Wi with li, in HCl+AlCl3 solution was considered to be caused by the increase in the concentration of Al3+and Cl- ions in the tunnel, followed by the hindrance of electrochemical dissolution of Al. On the other hand, for the tunnel obtained in LiCl, NaCl, or KCl solutions, Wi tapered with li, at the same rate. It was considered that Li+, Na+, and K+ ions play the same role in the formation of the tunnel.
Performance comparison of optimum and MMSE receivers with imperfect channel estimation for VSF-OFCDM systems (2005)

Performances of optimum and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers for variable spreading factor orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (VSF-OFCDM) systems are compared in this paper. In VSF-OFCDM systems, the existence of multicode interference (MCI) in the frequency domain due to frequency-selective fading channels dramatically degrades the system performance. A quasi-analytic bit error rate performance is presented in the presence of imperfect channel estimations. Numerical results show that with linear computation complexity the MMSE receiver can improve system performance significantly by suppressing the MCI, although it cannot perform as well as the optimum receiver. Thus, with a small number of code channels, an optimum receiver can be employed to achieve better performance, whereas the MMSE receiver is suitable for a system with a large number of code channels due to simple complexity. In addition, the MMSE receiver is more robust than the optimum receiver to the different configurations of system parameters, e.g., spreading factors. Moreover, it is found that pilot channel power should be carefully assigned by making tradeoffs between the channel estimation quality and the received SNR for each code data channel.
Insights into the Ultra-Fast Li Storage Properties of Organic Polymers (2017)

Organic materials have long been recognized as resource-abundant, sustainable, and potentially low-cost electrode materials that will handily satisfy the ever-growing demand for batteries. Although once had the reputation as being less stable and kinetically slow compared with their traditional inorganic counterparts, organic materials have been steadily improving on performance to be competent electrode candidates in recent years. We have recently reported a π-conjugated redox polymer with high cycling stability, high capacity utilization, and ultra-fast Li storage kinetics. The polymer delivers 80% of its theoretical capacity at a rate of 50C even with a high active mass ratio of 80 wt.% at practical mass loading, which is unusual for organic electrode materials. There is no established theory as for how such performance can be achieved and optimized via molecular design and microstructure engineering. We set out to scrutinize the charge storage mechanism of polymer electrodes and investigate the influence of molecular electronic structure and electrode microstructure on electrochemical performance. We have designed and synthesized a series of polymers with similar molecular structure but varying degree of conjugation in the backbone. The polymers are evaluated as Li storage electrode materials. The morphology and its evolution, charge transfer process, and state-of-charge-dependent electron and ion transport of the polymer electrodes are monitored and correlated to the cell performance. We found that regardless of the degree of conjugation, the redox reaction and the bulk ionic diffusion in the polymers proceed at comparable rates. We developed a procedure to directly measure the electrical conductivity of electrochemically lithiated polymers. This conductivity increases by 100-fold as the π-conjugation degree of the polymers increases. The structural order and morphology of the polymers differ widely with the conjugation length, leading to significantly different microstructure. The electrochemical surface area of the polymer electrode is continuously altered by the π-conjugation degree, which in turn impacts the ion transport model in the electrode. Overall, our study establishes general analysis tools that elucidate the underlying charge storage mechanism of polymer electrode materials. The results shown here provide guidance for further advancing high-energy/power energy battery based on organic materials.
<title>Electrically controlled cholesteric gratings</title> (1998)

Electrically controlled diffractive gratings are developed on the basis of cholesteric liquid crystal confined between two transparent electrodes. The electrodes are coated with unidirectionally treated alignment layers. The initial state is planar, with helix axis oriented normally to the electrodes. The applied field causes reorientation of molecules and creates structures modulated in the plane of the cell. Surface alignment provides unidirectional uniformity of the modulation. The parameters of the modulated structures and light diffraction are controlled by the cholesteric pitch, cell thickness and applied voltages. In the device of the first type, the modulated state produces Raman-Nath (RN) diffraction and allows a the modulated structure depends on the applied field. Diffraction regimes of both RN and Bragg types are demonstrated for this geometry. In the RN regime, the electric field allows one to control continuously the deflection angle. This effect can be used in various beam steering devices. The variation in the diffracted beam direction is more than 15 degrees. Typical working voltages are less than 10V. We present both the experimental results and 3D computer simulations of modulated structures caused by the field.
Purinergic signalling mobilizes mitochondrial Ca2+in mouse Sertoli cells (2011)

Intimate bidirectional communication between Sertoli cells and developing germ cells ensures the integrity and efficiency of spermatogenesis. Yet, a conceptual mechanistic understanding of the physiological principles that underlie Sertoli cell autocrine and paracrine signalling is lacking. Here, we characterize a purinergic Ca(2+) signalling network in immature mouse Sertoli cells that consists of both P2X2 and P2Y2 purinoceptor subtypes, the endoplasmic reticulum and, notably, mitochondria. By combining a transgenic mouse model with a dedicated bioluminescence imaging device, we describe a novel method to monitor mitochondrial Ca(2+) mobilization in Sertoli cells at subcellular spatial and millisecond temporal resolution. Our data identify mitochondria as essential components of the Sertoli cell signalling 'toolkit' that control the shape of purinergic Ca(2+) responses, and probably several other paracrine Ca(2+)-dependent signals.
A Novel Pandemic Tracking Map: From Theory to Implementation (2021)

The wide spread of the novel COVID-19 virus all over the world has caused major economical and social damages combined with the death of more than two million people so far around the globe. Therefore, the design of a model that can predict the persons that are most likely to be infected is a necessity to control the spread of this infectious disease as well as any other future novel pandemic. In this paper, an Internet of Things (IoT) sensing network is designed to anonymously track the movement of individuals in crowded zones through collecting the beacons of WiFi and Bluetooth devices from mobile phones to triangulate and estimate the locations of individuals inside buildings without violating their privacy. A mathematical model is presented to compute the expected time of exposure between users. Furthermore, a virus spread mathematical model as well as iterative spread tracking algorithms are proposed to predict the probability of individuals being infected even with limited data.
IMPLICATIONS OF LYMPHOCYTE HYBRIDOMAS: Tumor Therapy with Monoclonal Antibodies (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity can be produced using hy­ bridoma technology. New attempts are being made to explore the potential of antibody therapy for cancer. Preliminary studies show that problems such as antigenic modulation, circulating free antigen, effector cell shortage, and host anti-mouse immunoglobulin response must be overcome. Uses of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment include the administration of unconjugated antibodies or of antibodies coupled to drugs, toxins, or radio­ isotopes, and the use of monoclonal antibodies in vitro to eradicate residual malignant cells.
A 3D Perfusable Platform for In Vitro Culture of Patient Derived Xenografts (2022)

Many advanced cancer models, such as patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), offer significant benefits in their preservation of the native tumor's heterogeneity and susceptibility to treatments, but face significant barriers to use in their reliance on a rodent host for propagation and screening. PDXs remain difficult to implement in vitro, particularly in configurations that enable both detailed cellular analysis and high-throughput screening (HTS). Complex multilineage co-cultures with stromal fibroblasts, endothelium, and other cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) further complicate ex vivo implementation. Herein, the culture of multiple prostate cancer (PCa)-derived PDX models as 3D clusters within engineered biomimetic hydrogel matrices, in a HTS-compatible multiwell microfluidic format, alongside bone marrow-derived stromal cells and a perfused endothelial channel. Polymeric hydrogel matrices are customized for each cell type, enabling cell survival in vitro and facile imaging across all conditions. PCa PDXs demonstrate unique morphologies and reliance on TME partners, retention of known phenotype, and expected sensitivity or resistance to standard PCa therapeutics. This novel integration of technologies provides a fully human model, and expands the information to be gathered from each specimen, while avoiding the time and labor involved with animal-based testing.
CT043, a Protective Antigen That Induces a CD4+Th1 Response duringChlamydia trachomatisInfection in Mice and Humans (2009)

Despite several decades of intensive studies, no vaccines against Chlamydia trachomatis, an intracellular pathogen causing serious ocular and urogenital diseases, are available yet. Infection-induced immunity in both animal models and humans strongly supports the notion that for a vaccine to be effective a strong CD4(+) Th1 immune response should be induced. In the course of our vaccine screening program based on the selection of chlamydial proteins eliciting cell-mediated immunity, we have found that CT043, a protein annotated as hypothetical, induces CD4(+) Th1 cells both in chlamydia-infected mice and in human patients with diagnosed C. trachomatis genital infection. DNA priming/protein boost immunization with CT043 results in a 2.6-log inclusion-forming unit reduction in the murine lung infection model. Sequence analysis of CT043 from C. trachomatis human isolates belonging to the most representative genital serovars revealed a high degree of conservation, suggesting that this antigen could provide cross-serotype protection. Therefore, CT043 is a promising vaccine candidate against C. trachomatis infection.
Radiation Dosimetry for Ureteroscopy Patients: A Phantom Study Comparing the Standard and Obese Patient Models (2015)

Fluoroscopy during ureteroscopy contributes to the overall radiation dose for patients being treated for nephrolithiasis. Obese patients are at even higher risk because of increased exposure rates during fluoroscopy. Every effort should be made to minimize the amount of fluoroscopy used during ureteroscopy, especially with obese patients.
Multi‐Parametric Sensing Platforms Based on Nanoparticles (2016)

Multi‐parametric sensing platforms offer the possibility to measure simultaneously several stimuli, and potentially to differentiate between the different signals. They have advantages in fields that include wearable systems, humanoid robotics, structural health monitoring and precision agriculture, since a complex stimuli from the environment is usually an integrated component in these examples. In the current progress report, we present and discuss new avenues in nanoparticle‐based multi‐parametric sensing platforms for the detection, classification and separation of common stimuli, e.g., temperature, humidity, strain/pressure and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). New data involving multi‐parametric sensing with nanoparticle‐based sensors are given for each topic. Future prospects are discussed.
Allergen-Specific IL-5 Responses in Early Childhood Predict Asthma at Age Eight (2014)

HDM-specific IL-5 responses at age 3 years or later are the best measure of T cell function for predicting asthma at age 8 years.
The Effect of Orientation on the Mobility and Dynamic Shape Factor of Charged Axially Symmetric Particles in an Electric Field (2012)

The mobility of a nonspherical particle is a function of both particle shape and orientation. Thus, unlike spherical particles, the mobility, through its orientation, depends on the magnitude of the electric field. In this work, we develop a general theory, based on an extension of the work of Happel and Brenner (1965), for the orientation-averaged mobility applicable to any axially symmetric particle for which the friction tensor and the polarization energy are known. By using a Boltzmann probability distribution for the orientation, we employ a tensor formulation for computing the orientation-averaged mobility rather than a scalar analysis previously employed by Kim et al. (2007) for nanowires. The resulting equation for the average electrical mobility is much simpler than the expression based on the scalar approach, and can be applied to any axially symmetric structures such as rods, ellipsoids, and touching spheres. The theory is applied to the specific case of nanowires and the experimental results on the mobility of carbon nanotubes (CNT). A set of working formulas of additional mobility expressions for nanorods and prolate spheroids in the free molecular, continuum, and transition regimes are also presented. Finally, we examine the expression of dynamic shape factor common in the literature, and propose a clearer definition based on the tensor approach. Mathematica codes for the electrical mobility evaluations for five cases are provided in the Supplemental Information. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Blind Multiclass Ensemble Classification (2018)

The rising interest in pattern recognition and data analytics has spurred the development of innovative machine learning algorithms and tools. However, as each algorithm has its strengths and limitations, one is motivated to judiciously fuse multiple algorithms in order to find the “best” performing one, for a given dataset. Ensemble learning aims at such high-performance meta-algorithm, by combining the outputs from multiple algorithms. The present work introduces a blind scheme for learning from ensembles of classifiers, using a moment matching method that leverages joint tensor and matrix factorization. Blind refers to the combiner who has no knowledge of the ground-truth labels that each classifier has been trained on. A rigorous performance analysis is derived and the proposed scheme is evaluated on synthetic and real datasets.
Structureless Anomaly in the TMTTF2X Family (1985)

Abstract A new type of high temperature anomaly, seen as an abrupt change in slope of thermopower and conductivity in the temperature range 100-200 K, is observed in several (TMTTF)2X salts. This anomaly is different from anion ordering phase transitions in several respects: at the anomaly no structural change has been found and the anomaly decreases much more rapidly with pressure. We suggest these anomalies may reflect some sort of electron localisation process.
Semiautomatic method of quantifying pleural effusions using computed tomography scans - biomed 2013. (2013)

Pleural effusion (PE) is a common and devastating manifestation of many pleural diseases. This complication can have dire effects by constricting breathing which increases the recovery time of the patient. Increased volumes of PE correspond with increased complications from the disorder. For this study, accurate PE volumes were found by segmentation of Computed Tomography (CT) scans. The retrospective study, with each scan conducted out of medical necessity for patient care or diagnosis, used a dataset of 105 CT scans and 179 individual pleural effusions. A semiautomatic method of segmentation was developed to quantify the volume of the PE. For this method, a thresholding method based on Hounsfield unit values of the tissues was used to determine six volumes (total lung, total pleural effusion, right lung, right pleural effusion, left lung and left pleural effusion). The volume of each PE was divided by the total lung volume to calculate PE as a percentage of the total lung. This normalization allows for direct comparison between each subject. The segmentations were conducted for a wide range of pleural effusion severities with a range from 0.122 to 67.798 percent of total lung volume. Most effusions were small with an average volume of 6.66 ± 12.22 percent of total lung volume. These data will be used in a future study investigating the relationship between segmented PE volume and PE volume calculated from 2D chest images.