gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin-film monocrystalline-silicon solar cells based on a seed layer approach with 11% efficiency (2010)

Solar modules made from thin-film crystalline-silicon layers of high quality on glass substrates could lower the price of photovoltaic electricity substantially. Almost half of the price of wafer-based silicon solar modules is currently due to the cost of the silicon wafers themselves. Using crystalline-silicon thin-film as the active material would substantially reduce the silicon consumption while still ensuring a high cell-efficiency potential and a stable cell performance. One way to create a crystalline-silicon thin film on glass is by using a seed layer approach in which a thin crystalline-silicon layer is first created on a non-silicon substrate, followed by epitaxial thickening of this layer. In this paper, we present new solar cell results obtained on 10-micron thick monocrystalline-silicon layers, made by epitaxial thickening of thin seed layers on transparent glass-ceramic substrates. We used thin (001)-oriented silicon single-crystal seed layers on glass-ceramic substrates provided by Corning Inc. that are made by a process based on anodic bonding and implant-induced separation. Epitaxial thickening of these seed layers was realized in an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition system. Simple solar cell structures in substrate configuration were made from the epitaxial mono-silicon layers. The Si surface was plasma-textured to reduce the front-side reflection. No other light trapping features were incorporated. Efficiencies of up to 11% were reached with Voc values above 600 mV indicating the good electronic quality of the material. We believe that by further optimizing the material quality and by integrating an efficient light trapping scheme, the efficiency potential of these single-crystal silicon thin films on glass-ceramics should be higher than 15%.
ShapeMask: Learning to Segment Novel Objects by Refining Shape Priors (2019)

Instance segmentation aims to detect and segment individual objects in a scene. Most existing methods rely on precise mask annotations of every category. However, it is difficult and costly to segment objects in novel categories because a large number of mask annotations is required. We introduce ShapeMask, which learns the intermediate concept of object shape to address the problem of generalization in instance segmentation to novel categories. ShapeMask starts with a bounding box detection and gradually refines it by first estimating the shape of the detected object through a collection of shape priors. Next, ShapeMask refines the coarse shape into an instance level mask by learning instance embeddings. The shape priors provide a strong cue for object-like prediction, and the instance embeddings model the instance specific appearance information. ShapeMask significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art by 6.4 and 3.8 AP when learning across categories, and obtains competitive performance in the fully supervised setting. It is also robust to inaccurate detections, decreased model capacity, and small training data. Moreover, it runs efficiently with 150ms inference time on a GPU and trains within 11 hours on TPUs. With a larger backbone model, ShapeMask increases the gap with state-of-the-art to 9.4 and 6.2 AP across categories. Code will be publicly available at: https://sites.google.com/view/shapemask/home.
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Inhibition As A Host Strategy Against Diverse Pathogens (2020)

ABSTRACT Chloroquine is an anti-malarial and immunosuppressant drug that has cationic amphipathic chemical properties. We performed genome-wide screens in human cells with chloroquine and several other widely used cationic amphipathic drugs (CADs) including the anti-depressants, sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac), the analgesic nortriptyline (Pamelor), the anti-arrhythmic amiodarone (Cordarone), and the anti-hypertensive verapamil (Calan) to characterize their molecular similarities and differences. Despite CADs having different disease indications but consistent with them sharing key chemical properties, we found CADs to have remarkably similar phenotypic profiles compared with non-CADs we and others have previously screened (1–5). The most significant genetic interaction for all CADs was the initiating step in sphingolipid biosynthesis catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). A comparison of genome-wide screens performed with diverse pathogens from viruses, bacteria, plants, and parasites including Ebola (6), adeno-associated virus AAV2 (7), HIV (8), Rotavirus (9), Influenza A (10), Zika virus (11), Picornavirus (12), Exotoxin A (13), Cholera toxin (14), Type III secretion system and Shiga toxin (15, 16), Ricin toxin (17), and Toxoplasma gondii (18) showed SPT as a top common host factor and 80% overlap overall in top hits specifically with CADs. Potential sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms for the host response- and virulence-modulating effects of CADs involve autophagy and SERPINE1/PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). Chloroquine has recently shown potential as an anti-viral agent for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease (19, 20). Our study demonstrates that numerous readily available drugs molecularly function highly similar to chloroquine, which suggests they might be considered for further pre-clinical investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2. More generally, our work suggests the diverse pathogen mitigating potential of drugs that inhibit host sphingolipid biosynthesis such as CADs. Brief Summary Our study demonstrates that numerous readily available drugs molecularly function highly similar to chloroquine, which suggests they might be considered for further pre-clinical investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2.
Thiocarbamates as Novel Backbone Analogs in Oligonucleotides (1995)

The synthesis of a thymidine dimer containing a thiocarbamate moiety as internucleosidic linkage replacement is described. This new dimer was incorporated in oligodeoxyribonucleotides and the melting temperatures (Tm’s) of the DNA/RNA duplexes were determined.
Energy-aware meeting scheduling algorithms for smart buildings (2012)

The increasing worldwide concern over the energy consumption of commercial buildings calls for new approaches that analyze scheduled occupant activities and proactively take steps to curb building energy use. As one step in this direction, we propose to automate the scheduling of meetings in a way that uses available meeting rooms in an energy efficient manner, while adhering to time conflicts and capacity constraints. We devise a number of scheduling algorithms, ranging from greedy to heuristic approaches, and demonstrate up to a 70% reduction in energy use, with the best algorithms producing schedules whose energy use matches that of a brute force oracle.
Tomography of dental composites (2006)

The intent of this study was to quantify the fracture surface area of dental composites subjected to different aging media. Dental composites, a combination of a resin and glass filler particles, were examined using a high resolution microtomography system developed at beamline 2-BM of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The composite specimens were 2 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height subjected to a compression load. The initial data set of images was taken with no load, then the load was incrementally increased, a new scan taken, repeatedly, until failure occurred. The images obtained from the tomography scans were reconstructed and analyzed to provide a 3D representation of the crack. This reconstruction involved determining the total solid area, the total area which includes the crack interfaces, and then just the total crack interface area. A ratio was then determined between the control and the loaded specimen. The specimens were aged in various media for 3 months. Preliminary 3D analysis corresponded to previous studies with respect to the aging media and load, i.e., higher loads and aging in ethanol resulted in weaker materials and in this case increased crack areas and compression of the material. When sufficient samples are processed (at present <i>N</i>=6) this 3D analysis will allow statistical comparison of crack area. Supported by NIDCR grant DE07979. Use of the APS was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38.
Rheological monitoring of long-term degrading polymer hydrogels (1999)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. K. L. Meyvis, S. C. De Smedt, J. Demeester, W. E. Hennink; Rheological monitoring of long-term degrading polymer hydrogels. Journal of Rheology 1 July 1999; 43 (4): 933–950. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.551012 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Enhanced power efficiency DC-DC converters with dsPIC digital controller for HVDC (2017)

Typically full-bridge (FB) converter is used as DC-DC converters for ICT equipment such as routers or servers,. FB converter has essential problem which occurs surge voltage associated with the recovery phenomenon of secondary-side diode. Attaching snubber circuit is the poplar solution, but the circuit occurs another problem such as increasing of the size of circuit and degradation of power efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, by optimizing the operation of the digital control using the dsPIC that can be programmable control, for improving the power efficiency and suppressing the surge voltage without using a snubber circuit. By considering the reduction method of the loss and the high-frequency noise of the primary-side switch in full-bridge converter removal of the output inductor. The experimental results are shown using the evaluation board experiment, output 54V, in the load range of 1.85A to 16.7A.
Surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma (1996)

A good hepatic reserve is an important factor in treating patients with s-sHCC by surgical resection, even for a long-term prognosis. Liver transplantation should be considered for patients with severe cirrhosis and s-sHCC, even though a curative resection might be possible.
A New Immunomodulatory Function of Low-Viscous Konjac Glucomannan with a Small Particle Size: Its Oral Intake Suppresses Spontaneously Occurring Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice (2005)

Only the pulverized GM possessed the ability to suppress the development of dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. This is the new immunomodulatory function of low-viscous GM with a small particle size.
Store-operated calcium entry mediates intracellular alkalinization, ERK1/2, and Akt/PKB phosphorylation in bovine neutrophils (2007)

Neutrophil's responses to G protein-coupled chemoattractants are highly dependent on store-operated calcium (Ca(2+)) entry (SOCE). Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a primary chemoattractant, simultaneously increases cytosolic-free Ca(2+), intracellular pH (pH(i)), ERK1/2, and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of several putative SOCE inhibitors and whether SOCE mediates intracellular alkalinization, ERK1/2, and Akt/PKB phosphorylation in bovine neutrophils. We demonstrated that the absence of external Ca(2+) and the presence of EGTA reduced the intracellular alkalinization and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by PAF, apparently via SOCE influx inhibition. Next, we tested the efficacy of several putative SOCE inhibitors such as 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), capsaicin, flufenamic acid, 1-{beta-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)propoxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl}-1H-imidazole hydrochloride (SK&F 96365), and N-(4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (BTP2) on Ca(2+) entry induced by PAF or thapsigargin. 2-APB was the most potent SOCE inhibitor, followed by capsaicin and flufenamic acid. Conversely, SK&F 96365 reduced an intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) peak but SOCE partially. BTP2 did not show an inhibitory effect on [Ca(2+)](i) following PAF stimuli. 2-APB strongly reduced the pH(i) recovery, whereas the effect of flufenamic acid and SK&F 96365 was partial. Capsaicin and BTP2 did not affect the pH(i) changes induced by PAF. Finally, we observed that 2-APB reduced the ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation completely, whereas the inhibition with flufenamic acid was partial. The results suggest that 2-APB is the most potent SOCE inhibitor and support a key role of SOCE in pH alkalinization and PI-3K-ERK1/2 pathway control. Finally, 2-APB could be an important tool to characterize Ca(2+) signaling in neutrophils.
ChemInform Abstract: Stability and Anormal Reactivity of Perfluoroalkylazirines and ‐aziridines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stress tunable magnetoelectric bending resonance for sensing static magnetic field (2015)

Magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composite in bi-layer structure shows a resonant enhancement for the mechanical strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling when operating under bending mode. Such composite is of importance to achieve ultrasensitive magnetometers for detecting quasi-static magnetic fields by measuring the parameter variation near the resonant frequency. Detection performance is limited by diverse noise processes appearing in the composite and associated electronics such as the extrinsic interferences due to the environmental vibration and temperature and loss noise sources produced by the energy dissipation in the composite. Since the bending resonance is based on the mechanical interactions in the composite, the noise source due to the thermo-mechanical dissipation becomes an importance noise process to be investigated. In this paper, we investigate the field detection performance relating to the thermo-mechanical and thermo-electric dissipation in a doubly clamped magnetoelectric composite by means of modulation techniques.
One-Pot Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched 2,3-Disubstituted Cyclopentanones via Copper-Catalyzed 1,4-Reduction and Alkylation (2001)

[reaction: see text]. Enantiomerically enriched 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentanones were prepared via copper-catalyzed 1,4-reduction of 3-substituted cyclopentenones followed by alkylation of the resulting silyl enol ether. Using this procedure, trans-2,3-disubstituted cyclopentanones were produced in moderate to good overall yields (42-67%) and with excellent enantiomeric and diastereomeric excesses. The reduction and alkylation were performed in a single reaction vessel.
Optimization of Peripheral Vascular Sizing with Conductance Guidewire: Theory and Experiment (2017)

Although the clinical range of interventions for coronary arteries is about 2 to 5 mm, the range of diameters of peripheral vasculature is significantly larger (about 10 mm for human iliac artery). When the vessel diameter is increased, the spacing between excitation electrodes on a conductance sizing device must also increase to accommodate the greater range of vessel diameters. The increase in the excitation electrodes distance, however, causes higher parallel conductance or current losses outside of artery lumen. We have previously shown that the conductance catheter/guidewire excitation electrode distances affects the measurement accuracy for the peripheral artery lumen sizing. Here, we propose a simple solution that varies the detection electrode distances to compensate for parallel conductance losses. Computational models were constructed to simulate the conductance guidewire with various electrodes spacing combinations over a range of peripheral artery lumen diameters and surrounding tissue electrical conductivities. The results demonstrate that the measurement accuracy may be significantly improved by increased detection spacing. Specifically, an optimally configured detection/excitation spacing (i.e., 5-5-5 or an equidistant electrode interval with a detection-to-excitation spacing ratio of 0.3) was shown to accurately predict the lumen diameter (i.e., -10% < error < 10%) over a broad range of peripheral artery dimensions (4 mm < diameter < 10 mm). The computational results were substantiated with both ex-vivo and in-vivo measurements of peripheral arteries. The present results support the accuracy of the conductance technique for measurement of peripheral reference vessel diameter.
Chemiresistive Carbon Nanotube Sensors for N-Nitrosodialkylamines (2019)

N-Nitrosamines are environmental genotoxicants that are widely encountered in air, water, and food. Contamination of indoor and outdoor air with N-nitrosamines has been reported on many occasions. Conventional detection of airborne N-nitrosamines requires sophisticated instrumentation, field sampling, and laboratory analysis. Herein, we report ultrasensitive carbon nanotube based chemiresistive sensors utilizing a cobalt(III) tetraphenylporphyrin selector element for the detection of N-nitrosamines. Concentrations as low as 1 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosodibutylamine were detected. We also demonstrate the integration of these sensors with a field deployable sensing node wherein the sensor response can be read online remotely.
Physical layer security in space-division multiplexed fiber optic communications (2012)

Recent developments in the field of space-division multiplexing (SDM) for fiber-optic communication systems suggest that the spatial diversity offered by SDMcan be used not only to increase system capacity, but also to achieve provable security against physical layer attacks. In this work, we outline some of the mathematical framework necessary to assess the security benefits of the SDM. We substantiate our conjecture that allocating the maximal allowable power to each mode is optimal in terms of physical layer security. Further more, we expand the scope of our security analyses to include distortion as a quantitative metric for secrecy and study how the rate of reliable communication between the legitimate transmitter-receiver pair can be chosen to maximize reconstruction (decoding) errors of the eavesdropper.
Regioselective azidotrimethylsilylation of carbohydrates and applications thereof (2012)

Azidotrimethylsilylation of carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides) has been achieved in high yields under Mitsunobu conditions. The azidation of carbohydrates is effected at 0 °C essentially only at the primary alcoholic position in mono, di- and triols in protected/unprotected glycosides, whereas the remaining secondary hydroxyl groups got silylated. Surprisingly, no azidation of the secondary hydroxyls was observed in all the carbohydrate substrates. Applications of the methodology for the synthesis of amino sugars, triazoles and azasugars are reported.
LTE-Advanced: Heterogeneous networks (2010)

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) allows operators to use new and wider spectrum and complements 3G networks with higher data rates, lower latency and a flat IP-based architecture. To further improve broadband user experience in a ubiquitous and cost effective manner, 3GPP has been working on various aspects in the framework of LTE Advanced. Since radio link performance is approaching theoretical limits with 3G enhancements and LTE, the next performance leap in wireless networks will come from the network topology. LTE Advanced is about improving spectral efficiency per unit area. Using a mix of macro, pico, femto and relay base-stations, heterogeneous networks enable flexible and low-cost deployments and provide a uniform broadband experience to users anywhere in the network. This paper discusses the need for an alternative deployment model or topology using heterogeneous networks. To enhance the performance of these networks, advanced techniques are described which are needed to manage and control interference and deliver the full benefits of such networks. Range extension allows more user terminals to benefit directly from low-power base-stations such as picos, femtos, and relays. Adaptive inter-cell interference coordination provides smart resource allocation amongst interfering cells and improves inter-cell fairness in a heterogeneous network. In addition, the performance gains with heterogeneous networks using an example macro/pico network are shown.
Digital Modernization of Thermoanalytical Instrumentation (2008)

Differential Thermal Analyzers, Thermogravimetric Analyzers, and DUatometers were reconfigured, removing the mechanical furnace control and chart recorders in favor of a digital system. An appended PID control logic was written into personal computer software which, via a D/A converter and interfacing electronics, sent power instructions to the furnace power pack. Sample temperature as well as differential temperature, mass, or length changes were calculated and recorded from millivolt signals read from the instruments, using a 15 1/2 bit AID microprocessor. Collected data was manipulated and plotted using software written in house, including temperature location, peak area integration, continuous derivative, baseline tilt, glass transition temperature, non-linear regression data smoothing, and hardcopy generation.
Five-Year Outcome of Characterized Chondrocyte Implantation Versus Microfracture for Symptomatic Cartilage Defects of the Knee (2011)

At 5 years after treatment, clinical outcomes for CCI and MF were comparable. In the early treatment group, CCI obtained statistically significant and clinically relevant better results than MF. Delayed treatment resulted in less predictable outcomes for CCI. These results provide strong evidence that time since onset of symptoms is an essential variable that should be taken into account in future treatment algorithms for cartilage repair of the knee.
Phasor measurement units, WAMS, and their applications in protection and control of power systems (2018)

The paper provides a short history of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) concept. The origin of PMU is traced to the work on developing computer based distance relay using symmetrical component theory. PMUs evolved from a portion of this relay architecture. The need for synchronization using global positioning system (GPS) is discussed, and the wide area measurement system (WAMS) utilizing PMU signals is described. A number of applications of this technology are discussed, and an account of WAMS activities in many countries around the world are provided.
Endurance and scaling trends of novel access-devices for multi-layer crosspoint-memory based on mixed-ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC) materials (2011)

We demonstrate compact integrated arrays of BEOL-friendly novel access devices (AD) based on Cu-containing MIEC materials [1–3]. In addition to the high current densities and large ON/OFF ratios needed for Phase Change Memory (PCM), scaled-down ADs also exhibit larger voltage margin V m , ultra-low leakage (&#60;10pA), and much higher endurance (>108) at high current densities. Using CMP, all-good 5×10 AD arrays with V m > 1.1V are demonstrated in a simplified CMOS-compatible diode-in-via (DIV) process.