gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Furanosyl Nucleotides (2008)

A bacterial α-d-glucopyranosyl-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase was found to couple four hexofuranosyl-1-phosphates, as well as a\npentofuranosyl-1-phosphate, with deoxythymidine 5‘-triphosphate, providing access to furanosyl nucleotides. The enzymatic reaction mixtures\nwere analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to determine the anomeric stereochemistry of furanosyl\nnucleotide products. This is the first demonstration of a nucleotidylyltransferase discriminating between diastereomeric mixtures of sugar-1-phosphates to produce stereopure, biologically relevant furanosyl nucleotides.
Monitoring of electrical equipment failure indicators and zero-planned outages: Past, present and future maintenance practices (2013)

Electrical System Preventive and Predictive Maintenance methodologies have experienced growth due to new available technologies. This paper will review the historical and current approaches to electrical equipment maintenance, and also provide available technologies which support the future modes of equipment maintenance. Low Voltage and Medium Voltage systems will be reviewed. The need for improved reliability and uptime continues and effective monitoring systems support a new concept of Zero-Planned Outages. Monitoring parameters linked to potential failure modes allows for two key needs to be addressed: first, to notify end-users of a pending failure condition; and second, to recommend maintenance and/or inspections based on a trending analysis of failure mode contributing parameters rather than planned outages. This paper shall review both IEEE and end-user surveyed failure indicators and technologies to continuously monitor and alarm on such failure indicators.
Renewable power system interharmonics monitoring based on PMUs (2020)

The impacts of interharmonics on synchrophasor measurements are revealed. The phasor expression of a signal that contains the fundamental component and single or multiple interharmonics is proposed. It is found that the inter harmonics can cause the subsynchronous oscillation of the phasor measurements.The frequency of the interharmonics was from 10 to 110 Hz, which can be divided into subsynchronous interharmonics and supersynchronous interharmonics. The published PMU algorithms are unsuitable for making such measurements. These interharmonics cause error in the measurement of the fundamental component in addition to threatening the operating security of the power system. An interharmonic monitoring method based on complex numbers of phasors measured by PMUs is proposed. Then, the sample data and phasor measurements measured by PMUs during an SSO event in western China are studied.The phasor measurements obtained by PMUs during a subsynchronous oscillation from a real power grid that has a large concentration of wind farms and HVDC transmission lines are analyzed. The geographical wiring diagram with the supersynchronous oscillation distribution shows that more interharmonics are located near the wind farms. In addition, the interharmonics can transmit many voltage levels, leading to affecting a wider area. Furthermore, the spectrum analysis on the phasor demonstrates the correctness of the theoretical derivation.
IDH1 Mutations Alter Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism and Increase Dependence on Oxidative Mitochondrial Metabolism (2014)

Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) occur in several types of cancer, but the metabolic consequences of these genetic changes are not fully understood. In this study, we performed (13)C metabolic flux analysis on a panel of isogenic cell lines containing heterozygous IDH1/2 mutations. We observed that under hypoxic conditions, IDH1-mutant cells exhibited increased oxidative tricarboxylic acid metabolism along with decreased reductive glutamine metabolism, but not IDH2-mutant cells. However, selective inhibition of mutant IDH1 enzyme function could not reverse the defect in reductive carboxylation activity. Furthermore, this metabolic reprogramming increased the sensitivity of IDH1-mutant cells to hypoxia or electron transport chain inhibition in vitro. Lastly, IDH1-mutant cells also grew poorly as subcutaneous xenografts within a hypoxic in vivo microenvironment. Together, our results suggest therapeutic opportunities to exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities specific to IDH1 mutation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Mannosidase II Inhibitor Mannostatin A (I). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Systemic silencing of Phd2 causes reversible immune regulatory dysfunction (2019)

Physiological effects of cellular hypoxia are sensed by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes which regulate HIFs. Genetic interventions on HIF/PHD pathways reveal multiple phenotypes that extend the known biology of hypoxia. Recent studies unexpectedly implicate HIF in aspects of multiple immune and inflammatory pathways. However such studies are often limited by systemic lethal effects and/or use tissue-specific recombination systems, which are inherently irreversible, un-physiologically restricted and difficult to time. To study these processes better we developed recombinant mice which express tetracycline-regulated shRNAs broadly targeting the main components of the HIF/PHD pathway, permitting timed bi-directional intervention. We have shown that stabilization of HIF levels in adult mice through PHD2 enzyme silencing by RNA interference, or inducible recombination of floxed alleles, results in multi-lineage leukocytosis and features of autoimmunity. This phenotype was rapidly normalized on re-establishment of the hypoxia-sensing machinery when shRNA expression was discontinued. In both situations these effects were mediated principally through the Hif2a isoform. Assessment of cells bearing regulatory T cell markers from these mice revealed defective function and pro-inflammatory effects in vivo. We believe our findings have shown a new role for the PHD2/Hif2a couple in the reversible regulation of T cell and immune activity.
Characterization of a peripheral‐type benzodiazepine‐binding site in the mitochondria of Chinese hamster ovary cells (1989)

The isoquinoline carboxamide derivative [3H]PK11195, a ligand for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor, binds to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mitochondria in a specific and saturable manner. Scatchard analysis showed the presence of a single-binding site with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 12.0 +/- 1.0 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 23.0 +/- 2.0 pmol/mg protein. The pharmacological characterization of this CHO BZD-binding site, based on the displacement of [3H]PK11195 by several drugs of known binding specificity, indicated that it is of the peripheral-type. The photoaffinity probe [3H]PK14105, a nitrophenyl derivative of [3H]PK11195, specifically labeled a 17 kDa CHO mitochondrial protein. This 17 kDa protein was purified from digitonin-solubilized mitochondria by gel-filtration chromatography and two reverse-phase HPLC steps. The purified material migrated as a single band on silver stained or autoradiographed SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and had an amino acid composition corresponding to a 17 kDa protein rich in Leu, Val, Ala, Gly, and Pro. Analysis of the amino-terminal sequence of the purified 17 kDa protein revealed a blocked amino-terminus.
An installation of interactive furniture (2000)

We report on a project that explored emerging technologies for intuitive and unobtrusive information interfaces in a compelling setting. An installation at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, was part of a public exhibit and included an interactive table that presented information associated with the exhibit to the gallery visitors without visible conventional computing elements. The enabling devices included noncontact sensing of low-cost tags in physical icons, electrostatic detection of hand location in three dimensions, and sensor fusion through lightweight Internet Protocol access.
Porous GDC Scaffold Anodes for Lower Temperature, Hydrocarbon-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2013)

Porous gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) anode supports were employed to alleviate thermal and chemical expansion mismatches between the anode and GDC electrolyte. The ceramic support also prevents structural damage caused by oxidation of state-of-the-art nickel cermet anodes. Nickel metal was infiltrated into the porous freestanding scaffold as a catalyst and electronic conductor. Cells based on these anodes were characterized by current-voltage measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine their polarizations, maximum power densities, and stability when using hydrogen or methane fuel. Ohmic polarization was similar to a cermet anode, despite ~80% smaller metal loading. Current-voltage plots showed no appreciable degradation in performance in long-term methane operation or after thermal cycling, indicating this anode is suitable for use with hydrocarbon fuels.
The Effect of Extracorporeal Cholesterol Removal on the Progression of Atherosclerosis (1989)

High correlation of plasma lipid levels, especially low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, with the risk of coronary heart disease has been clearly indicated by epidemiologic studies. This study was undertaken to use an animal model of nondiet-induced hyperlipidemia in the homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL) to evaluate the effect of plasma cholesterol lowering on the progression of atherosclerosis, and to correlate plasma cholesterol levels with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque. Studies were carried out on ten homozygous WHHL rabbits divided into two groups: lipid lowering (treated) and control (nontreated). Lipid lowering was accomplished by thermofiltration (on-line plasma membrane filtration at 39 degrees C for removal of VLDL and LDL). The treated group had a significantly lower mean plasma level of total cholesterol over the course of the study than the nontreated group (293 vs. 655 mg/dl, p = 0.004). The amount of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in the treated group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (16.9 vs. 44.2%, p = 0.003). Microscopically, thickness measurements of the atherosclerotic lesions revealed that the control group had a thicker intima than the treated group. This study convincingly demonstrated the slowing or interdiction of progression of atherosclerotic lesions with lowering of the plasma total cholesterol level by thermofiltration.
Uniting La Frontera: The Ongoing Efforts to Establish a Transboundary Park (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsValerie J. NaylorJosé A. Cisneros is the superintendent and Valerie J. Naylor is the chief of Interpretation and Visitor Services at Big Bend National Park and Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River. The authors may be reached at P.O. Box 129, Big Bend National Park, Texas, 79834 (e-mail: Jose_Cisneros@nps.gov and Valerie_Naylor@nps.gov).
A Greedy Heuristic for the Rectilinear Steiner Tree Problem (1986)

Clark Thompson recently suggested a very natural "greedy" heuristic for the rectilinear Steiner problem (RSP), analogous to Kruskal's algorithm for the minimum spanning tree problem. We study this heuristic by comparing the solutions it finds with rectilinear minimum spanning trees. We first prove a theoretical result on instances of RSP consisting of a large number of random points in the unit square. Thompson's heuristic produces a tree of expected length some fraction shorter than a minimum spanning tree. The second part of this paper studies Thompsons's heuristic experimentally and finds that it gives solutions about 9% shorter than minimum spanning trees on medium size problems (40-100 nodes). This performance is very similar to that of other RSP heuristics described in the literature
Amplification of erbB2 and erbB2 expression are superior to estrogen receptor status as risk factors for distant recurrence in pT1N0M0 breast cancer: a nationwide population-based study. (2003)

Prognosis of pT(1)N(0)M(0) breast cancer is generally well defined by the histological grade and primary tumor size. The erbB2 status was superior to ER as a prognostic factor in these tumors.
Organosilica Imprints for Preserving and Enhancing Biocatalytic Activity of Immobilized Enzyme (2022)

Enzymes are naturally occuring sustainable catalysts that offer competitive catalysis to synthetic routes. There exist growing demands for environmentally-friendly and sustainable catalysis, which have led to a surge of research in biocatalysis. 1-3 However, the major bottleneck for the industrial applications of enzymes is the long term operational stability and difficultly in recovery and reusability of enzymes. 4-6 The goal of this study was to develop biocatalytic surface with organo-silica enzyme imprints that can recover, stabilize and reuse enzymes. The complete encapsulation was expected to enhance thermal and chemical stability, and the plasmonic nanostructures were expected to provide the ability to enhance the biocatalytic activity when light was used as an external trigger. The target enzyme was horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
Operating experience with the Sandia terminal switching network and fiber optic loop (2003)

At Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, secure data communications are provided by a system whose major elements include a fiber loop, technical control centers, and a terminal switching network. The optical fiber loop supplies the advantages of high bandwidth, negligible cross talk, and immunity to interference. The technical control centers, as elements on the fiber-optic loop, focus regional communications and simplify distribution. The terminal switching network utilizes the optical fiber loop and the technical control centers' distribution and control capabilities to layer management and security onto the Sandia network. Other functions, such as Ethernet interconnections, also utilize the fiber loop and technical control centers. By designing data communications around this set of trusted elements, Sandia has implemented a robust, secure system without sacrificing performance or responsiveness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bi-allelic expression of the RyR1 p.A4329D mutation decreases muscle strength in slow-twitch muscles in mice (2020)

Mutations in the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene are associated with several human congenital myopathies, including the dominantly inherited central core disease and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, and the more severe recessive phenotypes, including multiminicore disease, centronuclear myopathy, and congenital fiber type disproportion. Within the latter group, those carrying a hypomorphic mutation in one allele and a missense mutation in the other are the most severely affected. Because of nonsense-mediated decay, most hypomorphic alleles are not expressed, resulting in homozygous expression of the missense mutation allele. This should result in 50% reduced expression of the ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle, but its observed content is even lower. To study in more detail the biochemistry and pathophysiology of recessive RYR1 myopathies, here we investigated a mouse model we recently generated by analyzing the effect of bi-allelic versus mono-allelic expression of the RyR1 p.A4329D mutation. Our results revealed that the expression of two alleles carrying the same mutation or of one allele with the mutation in combination with a hypomorphic allele does not result in functionally equal outcomes and impacts skeletal muscles differently. In particular, the bi-allelic RyR1 p. A4329D mutation caused a milder phenotype than its mono-allelic expression, leading to changes in the biochemical properties and physiological function only of slow-twitch muscles and largely sparing fast-twitch muscles. In summary, bi-allelic expression of the RyR1 p.A4329D mutation phenotypically differs from mono-allelic expression of this mutation in a compound heterozygous carrier. © 2020 Elbaz et al. Published under exclusive license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl Benzyl Ethers of Hydroquinones as Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deposition and manipulation of nickel nanoparticles (2004)

In this paper, we describe the deposition of nickel nanoparticles and nanowires in the 'V' shaped grooves of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Freshly cleaved HOPG was exposed to a plating solution of nickel and electro chemically deposited by cyclic voltametry. The morphology of the deposited nanoparticles was studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM) in non-contact mode. These nanoparticles were manipulated by magnetic field. The critical force to displace the nanoparticles was estimated using contact mode of AFM.
Reactions of Cu(hfac)2 and Co2(CO)8 during Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper−Cobalt Films (1998)

The reactions of Co2(CO)8 and submicron cobalt particles with Cu(hfac)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) were studied in toluene. Reactions between these species in the gas phase were studied in a hot-wall, parallel-plate chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. Similar results were obtained with both methods. The overall chemical reactions can be expressed by the following equations: 2Cu(hfac)2 + Co2(CO)6 → 2Cu + 2Co(hfac)2 + 8CO and Cu(hfac)2 + Co → Cu +Co(hfac)2. These results suggested that Co2(CO)8 is not a good source precursor for CVD of Cu−Co binary films when used in conjunction with copper(II) and some copper(I) hexafluoroacetylacetonate compounds and that chemical etching of cobalt metal by Cu(hfac)2 needs to be taken into account when depositing this binary film with copper(I) and copper(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate compounds as copper source precursors.
OS0804-301 Observation of Crack Initiation and Propagation under Rolling Contact Fatigue using Synchrotron Radiation Laminography (2015)

In rolling contact fatigue (RCF), cracks initiate and propagate from inclusions beneath the surface. In the present study, crack propagation behavior under RCF was observed by synchrotron radiation computed laminography (SRCL), which is suitable for thin plates, in SPring-8 (Super Photon Ring-8 GeV). Specially fabricated inclusion-rich steel (modified JIS SUJ2) plate specimen, which includes extended inclusions distributed in depth direction, was employed in the experiments. Specimen with surface crack from inclusion and after the occurrence of flaking was observed by SRCL, and flaking defect and crack under the surface was successfully detected. It was found that the tensile-type vertical crack, which was perpendicular to the rolling contact surface, was formed from a cylindrical inclusion. After the vertical crack propagated along inclusion, the shear-type horizontal crack, which was parallel to the rolling contact surface, was found to initiate and then flaking occurred as the result of the propagation of the shear-type crack. It is considered that the vertical crack is an important factor of flaking process and crack propagation behavior under RCF from inclusions is clarified by SRCL.
On WCDMA Downlink Capacity with Power Allocation Strategy and Adaptive Antenna Arrays (2008)

The base station transmit power is a common resource shared among multiple users in the downlink of WCDMA cellular systems. The overall user capacity decreases if a certain user consumes a large fraction of the base station power. In this work, we investigate the performance gains of adaptive antenna arrays with a power allocation strategy that limits the maximum fraction of transmit power per user. Using adaptive antenna arrays at base stations is a key technique to improve the downlink capacity of WCDMA cellular systems. We consider two adaptive antenna schemes: fixed beam and steered beam. For each scheme, we study the impact on capacity of the proposed power allocation strategy. Uniform linear arrays, uniform circular arrays, and Chebyshev antenna arrays are used to form the beams. The adopted simulation environment supports various types of adaptive antenna arrays, soft/softer handover, and multiple services. Results demonstrate an increase in capacity due to the power allocation scheme, especially when combined with adaptive antenna arrays. A remarkable superiority of the Chebyshev antenna array configuration is shown.
Antenna array design using generalized fitness functions (2014)

Small antenna arrays can provide dynamic signal gain and interference rejection enabling wireless networks to communicate in difficult radio environments. Optimal array design has focused on simplified objective functions to facilitate solution. We extend previous research by using fitness functions more directly related to network performance. Particle swarm optimization is used to design new array geometries, and performance is evaluated using randomized array designs and fitness distributions. Robustness to interference from multiple directions is evaluated while accounting for array angle dependence.
A Fast and Inexpensive Protocol for Empirical Verification of Neutralizing Epitopes in Microbial Toxins and Enzymes (2017)

<i>In vivo</i> targeting of peptides to antigen-presenting cells by use of agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies has been used successfully as an immune response enhancing strategy. When tested in chickens, the antibody-guided platform was capable of inducing specific IgG production within 1 week postimmunization. However, use of this method beyond its initial conception as a vaccine delivery tool has not been fully exploited. In this study, <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> alpha-toxin was used as a model microbial toxin for epitope mapping by using the antibody-guided immunization method to generate a panel of antibodies against specific, regions of the toxin in an attempt to identify crucial determinants on the toxin which, once bound, would hinder downstream toxicity. Alpha-toxin, which possesses both hemolytic and phospholipase C (PLC) enzymatic activities, has long been known to be one of the key destructive etiological agents of necrotic enteritis disease in poultry. Previous attempts to identify crucial antigenic determinants on the toxin mediating its enzymatic activities have been performed using expensive and labor-intensive site-directed mutagenesis techniques. To create a panel of antibodies, 23 short candidate alpha-toxin peptide regions were selected <i>in silico</i> using B-cell epitope prediction algorithms in the public domain and were custom synthesized to load onto the antibody-guided complex for immunization in birds for antisera production. Peptide-specific antibody responses were generated against all candidate neutralizing epitopes and used for <i>in vitro</i> toxin neutralization tests. Antisera against all 23 peptides were able to neutralize the toxin's hemolytic activity, with neutralization titers ranging from 80 to 320, but none were effective in blocking PLC. The novel approach of antibody-guided immunization introduces a new, inexpensive method for polyclonal IgG production and <i>de facto</i> identification of neutralizing epitopes in microbial toxins and enzymes within 2 weeks from <i>in silico</i> analysis of a putative target sequence.