gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Transfer in the Skin (2007)

INTRODUCTION The transdermal route of drug administration offers several advantages, such as reduced first-pass drug metabolism, no gastrointestinal degradation, long-term delivery (&gt;24 hours), and control over delivery and termination. However, only few drug molecules have been formulated into transdermal patches because of the low permeability of the skin (1). The outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC), forms a barrier against permeation of drugs into the body. This barrier must be altered to maximize the possibilities of transdermal drug delivery. This problem has engaged pharmaceutical scientists, dermatologists, and engineers alike in research over the last few decades (2). High research activity in this field has led to the introduction of a variety of techniques, including formulation-based approaches (3), iontophoresis (4), electroporation (5,6), acoustic methods (7), microneedles (8), jet injection (9), and thermal poration (10) (see Chapter 1). Each of these techniques has its benefits and specific applications.
Anti-rotaviral effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract in piglets with rotavirus diarrhea (2012)

GUE cures rotaviral enteritis by coordinating antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Therapy of this herbal medicine can be a viable medication for curing rotaviral enteritis in animals and humans.
New PCR primer pairs specific for Candida dubliniensis and detection of the fungi from the Candida albicans clinical isolates in Japan. (2000)

The genetic patterns of Candida dubliniensis, including type strain, were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method in comparison with those of reference Candida albicans genotypes A, B and C strains. This RAPD pattern analysis showed that the patterns of two strains of C. dubliniensis including the type strain are very similar to the three oligo PCR primers used, but different from other C. albicans genotypes A, B and C strains with most of the PCR primers tested. The RAPD band considered to be specific for C. dubliniensis in one oligo primer was extracted and sequenced. Based on the sequence information (417-bp), two new PCR primer pairs specific for C. dubliniensis were prepared. The survey of 58 strains of Candida clinical isolates using these newly prepared PCR primer pairs identified as C. albicans in Japan suggested the presence of one strain of C. dubliniensis. The phenotypic characteristics and the sequence analysis of the variable D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA of the strain confirmed that it belongs to C. dubliniensis. The usefulness and specificity of these PCR primer pairs for the identification of C. dubliniensis are discussed.
Data from Differential Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Activation of Growth Promoting Signaling Pathways by Tenascin-C (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Tenascin-C is an adhesion-modulating extracellular matrix molecule that is highly expressed in tumor stroma and stimulates tumor cell proliferation. Adhesion of T98G glioblastoma cells to a fibronectin substratum is inhibited by tenascin-C. To address the mechanism of action, we performed a RNA expression analysis of T89G cells grown in the presence or absence of tenascin-C and found that tenascin-C down-regulates tropomyosin-1. Upon overexpression of tropomyosin-1, cell spreading on a fibronectin/tenascin-C substratum was restored, indicating that tenascin-C destabilizes actin stress fibers through down-regulation of tropomyosin-1. Tenascin-C also increased the expression of the endothelin receptor type A and stimulated the corresponding mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, which triggers extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and c-Fos expression. Tenascin-C additionally caused down-regulation of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf 1. In consequence, Wnt signaling was enhanced through stabilization of β-catenin and stimulated the expression of the β-catenin target Id2. Finally, our &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; data derived from astrocytoma tissue arrays link increased tenascin-C and Id2 expression with high malignancy. Because increased endothelin and Wnt signaling, as well as reduced tropomyosin-1 expression, are closely linked to transformation and tumorigenesis, we suggest that tenascin-C specifically modulates these signaling pathways to enhance proliferation of glioma cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Novel Traceless Resin-Bound Guanidinylating Reagent for Secondary Amines To Prepare N,N-Disubstituted Guanidines (2001)

[reaction: see text]. We report the development of a solid support-linked guanidinylating reagent. This reagent consists of a urethane-protected triflyl guanidine attached to the resin via a carbamate linker. It allows for rapid synthesis of guanidines from a variety of amines. It provides access to N-alkyl/aryl- or N,N-dialkylguanidines under mild conditions. Cleavage with 50% TFA produces target molecules in high yields and purity. The ability to guanidinylate secondary amines is a significant feature of this guanidinylating reagent.
Modeling Formant Dynamics In Speech Spectral Envelopes (2018)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Kos island, Greece, 2017
d-Amino Acid-Based Protein Arginine Deiminase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Pharmacokinetics, and in Cellulo Efficacy (2012)

The protein arginine deiminases (PADs) are known to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of multiple inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. However, it is not known how each of the five PAD isozymes contributes to disease pathogenesis. As such, potent, selective, and bioavailable PAD inhibitors will be useful chemical probes to elucidate the specific roles of each isozyme. Since D-amino amino acids often possess enhanced in cellulo stability, and perhaps unique selectivities, we synthesized a series of D-amino acid analogs of our pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine, hypothesizing that this change would provide inhibitors with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Herein, we demonstrate that d-Cl-amidine and d-o-F-amidine are potent and highly selective inhibitors of PAD1. The pharmacokinetic properties of d-Cl-amidine were moderately improved over those of l-Cl-amidine, and this compound exhibited similar cell killing in a PAD1 expressing, triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. These inhibitors represent an important step in our efforts to develop stable, bioavailable, and highly selective inhibitors for all of the PAD isozymes.
Characteristics of hard DLC film formed by gas cluster ion beam assisted deposition (2002)

DLC films formed by gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) assisted deposition were investigated by NEXAFS using synchrotron radiation.
COrE (Cosmic Origins Explorer) A White Paper (2011)

COrE (Cosmic Origins Explorer) is a fourth-generation full-sky, microwave-band satellite recently proposed to ESA within Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. COrE will provide maps of the microwave sky in polarization and temperature in 15 frequency bands, ranging from 45 GHz to 795 GHz, with an angular resolution ranging from 23 arcmin (45 GHz) and 1.3 arcmin (795 GHz) and sensitivities roughly 10 to 30 times better than PLANCK (depending on the frequency channel). The COrE mission will lead to breakthrough science in a wide range of areas, ranging from primordial cosmology to galactic and extragalactic science. COrE is designed to detect the primordial gravitational waves generated during the epoch of cosmic inflation at more than $3σ$ for $r=(T/S)&gt;=10^{-3}$. It will also measure the CMB gravitational lensing deflection power spectrum to the cosmic variance limit on all linear scales, allowing us to probe absolute neutrino masses better than laboratory experiments and down to plausible values suggested by the neutrino oscillation data. COrE will also search for primordial non-Gaussianity with significant improvements over Planck in its ability to constrain the shape (and amplitude) of non-Gaussianity. In the areas of galactic and extragalactic science, in its highest frequency channels COrE will provide maps of the galactic polarized dust emission allowing us to map the galactic magnetic field in areas of diffuse emission not otherwise accessible to probe the initial conditions for star formation. COrE will also map the galactic synchrotron emission thirty times better than PLANCK. This White Paper reviews the COrE science program, our simulations on foreground subtraction, and the proposed instrumental configuration.
Genetic effects of oxidative DNA damage: comparative mutagenesis of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine inEscherichia coli (1992)

A single 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (G8-OXO; 8-hydroxyguanine) adduct in the lacZ alpha gene of bacteriophage M13 DNA induces a targeted G-->T transversion after replication in Escherichia coli (Biochemistry, 29, 7024-7031 (1990)). This mutation is thought to be due to the facile formation during DNA synthesis of a G8-OXO.base pair, where G8-OXO is in the syn conformation about the deoxyglycosyl bond. A related modified purine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (A8-OXO; 8-hydroxyadenine), is an abundant product found in irradiated and oxidized DNAs. Similar to G8-OXO, as a mononucleoside A8-OXO assumes the syn conformation. This work has assessed the relative mutagenicities of A8-OXO and G8-OXO in the same experimental system. A deoxypentanucleotide containing A8-OXO [d(GCT-A8-OXOG)] was synthesized. After 5'-phosphorylation with [gamma-32P] ATP, the oligomer was ligated into a duplex M13mp19-derived genome at a unique NheI restriction site. Genomes containing either A8-OXO (at position 6275, [+] strand) or G8-OXO (position 6276) were denatured with heat and introduced into E.coli DL7 cells. Analysis of phage DNA from mutant plaques obtained by plating immediately after transformation (infective centers assay) revealed that G8-OXO induced G-->T transversions at an apparent frequency of approximately 0.3%. The frequency and spectrum of mutations observed in DNA sequences derived from 172 mutant plaques arising from the A8-OXO-modified DNA were almost indistiguishable from those generated from transfection of an adenine-containing control genome. We conclude that A8-OXO is at least an order of magnitude less mutagenic than G8-OXO in E.coli cells with normal DNA repair capabilities.
ASML NXE pellicle update (2019)

Over the past years, ASML has taken the NXE pellicle concept (2015) from the concept level to pilot production (2016) and subsequently to a final product (2017 and onwards). In this paper we will show the progress in pellicle development that was made over the past year. After ASML started volume production of pellicles with the previous film generation, a new film generation was introduced end 2018. This new generation of pellicles shows considerable improvements in imaging performance, stability, EUV power capability and EUV reflectivity. The current generation of pellicle films show an EUV power capability of 250 Watts; improvements were also made in the imaging performance, where the EUV reflectivity of the pellicle reduced to below 0.04%. The EUV transmission of the latest pellicles increased to 83%.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in hypoxia‐induced vascular development (2004)

Reduced tissue oxygen tension (hypoxia) is appreciated as an efficient stimulus for neovascularization. The effect of hypoxia on the very first stages of vascular development is, however, less well characterized. Here we show that hypoxic conditions (1% O2) potently stimulated formation of an extensive vascular network during a discrete stage of mouse embryonal stem cell differentiation. The morphological changes correlated with an expanding pool of endothelial cells and with activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor-d (Vegf-d) and Vegf receptor-3 genes. VEGF receptor-3 expression was confined to vascular endothelial cells and analysis of the lymphatic marker Prox-1 revealed no expansion of lymphatic endothelial cells. Administration of neutralizing antibodies against either VEGF receptor-3 or VEGF receptor-2 impaired vascular network formation, whereas neutralizing antibodies against VEGF receptor-1 potentiated development of immature vascular structures. In addition, sequestering of VEGF receptor-3 ligands reduced vascularization in a manner similar to neutralization of VEGF receptor-3. We conclude that hypoxia-driven vascular development requires the activity of VEGF receptor-3.
Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides with Phenols: Facile Synthesis of 1,3-Diaryloxy-2-propanols (2005)

Abstract Substituted aryl oxiranes undergo the facile ring opening with phenols in the presence of catalytic amount of bismuth(III) triflate to afford 1,3-diaryloxy-2-propanols in excellent yields under mild conditions. Bismuth(III) triflate is relatively non-toxic, easy to handle and inexpensive, which makes this procedure particularly attractive for large scale synthesis.
Controlled Polymerization of Acrylamides (2000)

Polyacrylamides are an important class of water-soluble polymers, which are used in a variety of industries such as medicine, oil, textile, and waste management. Interest in the development of new polymerization methods for well-defined molecular architectures of polyacrylamides is growing due to the versatility of these polymers. Anionic polymerization has long been known to provide the control needed for synthesis of such molecules. However, stringent reaction conditions and high purity of reagents make this synthetic method unattractive for industrial use. Over recent years, several more robust "controlled" radical polymerization processes have been developed. Among them are atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer process (RAFT), and nitroxide-mediated stable free radical polymerization (SFRP). All of these methods utilize reversible activation-deactivation methods to control the concentration of growing radicals in order to decrease termination. This chapter provides an overview of research done in the area of "controlled" polymerization of acrylamides.
A structural overview of the nucleus as derived from CCD-based 3-D optical microscopy (1988)

The recent past has seen a renaisance in Cell Biology produced by the application of modern molecular tools. Unfortunately, structural adjuncts to this work have been limited by the fact that traditional non-symmetric structural approaches are not generally applicable to structures of the size encountered in Cell Biology. Over the last several years, our laboratory has developed three dimensional electron and optical microscopy methods which, when combined with specific dyes or modern immunocytological techniques, offer a very general approach to structural problems of this size scale. Our optical microscopy approach uses state-of-the-art digital image aquisition methods and modern computational capabilities to reconstruct three dimensional fluorescence images from a series of two dimensional optical sections. In broad terms, this general approach breaks into three significant elements: 1) aquisition of digital optical microsope images of exceptional quality through the use of a charge coupled device (CCD) imager; 2) computational removal of out of focus information that contaminates each image in the three dimensional data stack; and 3) schemes for visualization and analysis of the resulting three dimensional image.
Digital Timing Recovery for Coherent Fiber Optic Systems (2008)

We present a novel, low-complexity, non-data aided (NDA) digital timing recovery algorithm operating at a rate of two samples per symbol. Exceeding performance improvements over standard methods are demonstrated for higher distortions.
Disentangling the effects of high permittivity materials on signal optimization and sample noise reduction via ideal current patterns (2018)

HPMs affect both signal sensitivity and sample noise. Lower amplitude signal-only optimal currents corresponded to higher array SNR performance and could guide the design of coils integrated with HPM.
Dealing with inductance in high-speed chip design (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Dealing with inductance in high-speed chip design Authors: Phillip Restle IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Albert Ruehli IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Steven G. Walker IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999 Pages 904–909https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.310096Published:01 June 1999Publication History 23citation453DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads453Last 12 Months58Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Short Hairpin Loop-Structured Oligodeoxynucleotide Targeting the Virion-Associated RNase H of HIV Inhibits HIV Production in Cell Culture and in huPBL-SCID Mice (2011)

Treatment with ODN did not induce mutations of the PPT or the reverse transcriptase polymerase domain in vitro, whereas Foscarnet did. We furthermore demonstrate that ODNs inhibit HIV-1 replication in humanized HIV-infected SCID mice.
Correction: An Enantiodivergent Synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐Centrolobines by Asymmetric Esterification Catalyzed by (R)‐(+)‐N‐Methylbenzoguanidine ((R)‐NMBG) (2014)

Page 922. In reference 6, we have added the following two articles about the asymmetric synthesis of centrolobine: v) E. Lee, H. J. Kim, W. S. Jang, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2004, 25, 1609; w) C.-H. A. Lee, T.-P. Loh, Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47, 1641. Page 922. The total number of steps involved in the synthesis of racemic centrolobine from the commercially available materials, as described in reference 11 of the present article, is five and not four. Therefore, we replaced the existing reference with the following two articles that describe the short-step or four-step synthesis of the racemic centrolobine: a) G. Sabitha, K. B. Reddy, G. S. K. K. Reddy, N. Fatima, J. S. Yadav, Synlett­ 2005, 15, 2347; b) H. Fuwa, K. Noto, M. Sasaki, Heterocycles­ 2010, 82, 641.
Defects and symmetry influence on visible emission of Eu doped nanoceria (2008)

Europium doped cerium oxide particles of 10nm were synthesized by room temperature chemical precipitation technique and annealed at 500 and 900°C to study its effect on luminescence. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic result shows an increase in Ce3+ concentration from 20% to 23% on Eu doping but decreases to 8% on annealing. Raman studies show a progressive blueshift from 461to464cm−1 due to local symmetry ordering with temperature. Emission intensity varies with the wavelength of excitation and observed transitions indicate the presence of Eu3+ in different symmetry environments.
A Compendium of Model Classes (1992)

This chapter contains sections titled: Finite-Tree Models, Infinite-Tree Models, Eqtree Models, Graph Models
Eliminative Argumentation: A Basis for Arguing Confidence in System Properties (2015)

Abstract : Assurance cases provide a structured method of explaining why a system has some desired property, for exam-ple, that the system is safe. But there is no agreed approach for explaining what degree of confidence one should have in the conclusions of such a case. This report defines a new concept, eliminative argumentation, that provides a philosophically grounded basis for assessing how much confidence one should have in an as-surance case argument. This report will be of interest mainly to those familiar with assurance case concepts and who want to know why one argument rather than another provides more confidence in a claim. The report is also potentially of value to those interested more generally in argumentation theory.
Triphenylene hexa-n-alkylcyclohexanoates: a new series of disc-like liquid crystals (1992)

A series of hexa-n-alkylcyclohexanoates of triphenylene were prepared by the esterification of hexahydroxytri-phenylene with a variety of 4-n-alkylcyclohexylcarbonyl chlorides in the presence of pyridine. The liquid-crystalline phase behaviour of the materials synthesized was investigated by a combination of thermal polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. All of the compounds were found to exhibit a single discotic mesophase that had hexagonal symmetry. The hexagonal columnar phase was found to occur over much wider temperature ranges in this series than was observed for the aromatic analogues.
Characterization and hepatic expression of rat alpha 1-inhibitor III mRNA. (1988)

A 2.5-kilobase cDNA clone (AF7), encoding 785 amino acids, was isolated from a rat liver cDNA library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. M13 vector sequence analysis yielded a deduced protein primary structure that was 89% homologous to the prototype alpha 1-inhibitor III (alpha 1I3) sequence presented in the preceding paper by Braciak et al. (Braciak, T. A., Northemann, W., Hudson, G. O., Shields, B. R., Gehring, M. R., and Fey, G. H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 3999-4012) with regard to exact matches and 92% homologous when considering chemically conserved residues. The clone also possessed 100% homology to the putative bait region of a variant clone (pRLA1I3/27J) of alpha 1I3. Such sequence data demonstrates that the AF7 clone corresponds to a member of the family of variant alpha 1I3 mRNAs. Furthermore, this report presents the entire mRNA sequence corresponding to the 3'-half of alpha 1I3 variant 27J. We have utilized AF7 cDNA to study the expression of alpha 1I3 messenger RNA encoding this liver-specific glycoprotein under conditions known to alter hepatic gene expression. Our data reveal that alpha 1I3 mRNA expression is not only regulated during the acute-phase response but is also modulated in response to a variety of changing physiological conditions, most notably liver development. Steady state levels of mRNA were quantified using Northern blot techniques and laser densitometry. During acute phase response initiated by turpentine injection, the relative abundance of alpha 1I3 mRNA decreased 4-5-fold over a period of 24 h. Following partial hepatectomy, the regenerating liver expressed six-fold less alpha 1I3 mRNA than untreated liver after 24 h. This reduced level was maintained over a 2-day period. We have also demonstrated that alpha 1I3 mRNA expression is developmentally regulated. Fetal rat liver did not contain detectable concentrations of rat alpha 1I3 mRNA even as late as 4 days prior to birth. However, trace amounts were observed from birth until approximately 20 days of age when alpha 1I3 mRNA levels increased 10-fold to maximal adult quantities over the following 2 or 3 weeks. During the course of pregnancy, alpha 1I3 mRNA remained essentially constant until approximately 4 days prior to birth when a precipitous decline to 40% of the original level was noted. Subsequently, normal values were gradually restored over a 30-day postpartum period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)