gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Focused ultrasound surgery on the kidney</title> (1998)

Introduction: High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive therapy which can produce tissues necrosis in depth by a local thermal effect. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of extracorporeal HIFU with electronic scanning in the treatment of pig kidney. Conclusion: Extracorporeal HIFU with electronic scanning can produce tissue necrosis into pig's kidneys. This treatment could be used in human as a non invasive therapy of small kidney's tumors less than 30 cm<SUP>3</SUP> of volume.
Optical Amplifiers Based on Vibronic Transitions for Broadband Telecommunications (2001)

Abstract : The aim of this multidisciplinary research project is to investigate and develop compact and cost effective broadband optical amplifiers that operate in 1.3 microns wavelength band. Our approach is based on vibronic solid state laser materials that are used to fabricate guided-wave structures to optimize the high intensity optical interaction distance in the crystals. The successful outcome of this program could lead to a competitive optical network system operating at 1.3 microns that would complement future 1.55 microns optical networks.
Screen-Printing Process on 20 Micron Thick Epitaxial UMG Multicrystalline-Si Solar Cells (Efficiencies up to 14.5 %) (2010)

Epitaxial silicon thin-film solar cell technology, consisting of a thin high-quality epitaxial stack on top of a non-active highly-doped low-cost silicon substrate, is a promising alternative for cost-effective industrial solar cell manufacturing. In the scope of this technology, this work demonstrates efficiency improvement of an industrial process based on screen-printing for epitaxial solar cells on up-graded metallurgical grade multicrystalline silicon (UMG-Si) substrates. The cell concept under investigation consists of a 20 μm thick active device, including the p+-type back surface field (BSF), the p-type base and the n-type front-side emitter, grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Lighttrapping is improved by plasma texturing of the front surface in combination with an internal porous silicon reflector positioned at the epitaxial/substrate interface. We report on the most recent improvements of several attractive features in these devices (the epitaxial BSF, the epitaxial emitter and the plasma texturing on epitaxial emitters) as well as their effect on the solar cell performance and process. So far, cell efficiencies up to 14.5 % have been achieved.
New Photochemical Reaction in the Series of Diazofuranones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Treatment of Wilson’s disease with zinc. XVII: Treatment during pregnancy (2000)

Therapy of Wilson’s disease continues to evolve. In 1997, zinc acetate was added to the list of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which includes penicillamine and trientine. The mechanism of zinc’s anticopper action is unique. It induces intestinal cell metallothionein, which binds copper and prevents its transfer into blood. As intestinal cells die and slough, the contained copper is eliminated in the stool. Thus, zinc prevents the intestinal absorption of copper. It is universally agreed that pregnant Wilson’s disease patients should remain on anticopper therapy during pregnancy. There are numerous reports of such patients stopping penicillamine therapy to protect their fetus from teratogenicity, only to undergo serious deterioration and even death from renewed copper toxicity. Penicillamine and trientine have teratogenic effects in animals, and penicillamine has known teratogenic effects in humans. In this report we discuss the results of 26 pregnancies in 19 women who were on zinc therapy throughout their pregnancy. The evidence is good that zinc protects the health of the mother during pregnancy. Fetal outcomes were generally quite good, although one baby had a surgically correctable heart defect and one had microcephaly.(Hepatology 2000;31:364-370.)
Physical Layer Security of Space-Division Multiplexed Fiber-Optic Communication Systems in the Presence of Multiple Eavesdroppers (2014)

In this paper, we examine the information-theoretic security of multiple-input-multiple-output space-division multiplexed (MIMO-SDM) fiber-optic communication systems in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. In particular, we analyze the achievable secrecy rate for the two special cases that reflect different capabilities of the eavesdroppers: independent eavesdroppers who do not share received information and colluding (cooperating) eavesdroppers who can combine and jointly process the received signals. Our results show that MIMO-SDM systems are robust against multiple independent tapping attacks, in the sense that the average achievable secrecy rate is strictly positive even with an infinite number of eavesdroppers. Though extremely difficult to implement in practice, if all the eavesdroppers could cooperate coherently, the average secrecy rate decreases quickly with the number of eavesdroppers. As such, to counter the colluding eavesdroppers, a combination of much higher SNR for the legitimate receiver and higher mode-dependent loss (MDL) for the eavesdroppers is needed.
Effect of syngas mixing ratio on internal gas engine characteristics (2020)

Recently, an internal combustion engine that use syngas has been developed with the aim of the promotion of renewable biomass energy. Enhancing the reduction of CO2 emission, a method of mixing syngas (CO/H2) derived from biomass into a hydrocarbon-based gas engine should be examined. In this study, we supplied syngas fuel (CO/H2) to a small engine, investigated the optimum mixing ratio of syngas and the exhaust gas characteristics (i.e., NOx concentration, CO concentration etc.). The syngas flow rate (H2: 50 vol% + CO: 50 vol%) that can be supplied for each load (0%, 33%, 66%, 95%) and the exhaust gas characteristics were investigated in detail. As a result, (1) the NOx emission increases and the CO emission decreases as the syngas supplies, (2) an appropriate mixing ratio exists from the viewpoint of exhaust gas emission and power use with CO2-reduction.
Clearance Space Envelopes of Wheeled Mobility Device Users for Computer Workstations (2012)

Operator clearance spaces under computer workstations and other work surfaces are necessary to ensure that seated operators have adequate space for their lower extremities in order to use the working surface without any obstruction. In this paper we present operator clearances at workstations designed to accommodate occupants of manual and powered wheelchairs (n=322). Six body dimensions critical to workstation design were used in two different methods to compute the clearance envelope dimensions. When compared with clearance space requirements for able-bodied seated operators at workstations specified in the ANSI/HFES 100-2007 standards for computer workstation design, the findings showed wheeled mobility device users required greater widths, work surface heights, and clearance depths than those specified in the standard.
Developmental deficits and staging of dynamics of age associated Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration and neuronal loss in subjects with Down syndrome (2022)

The increased life expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is associated with increased prevalence of trisomy 21-linked early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and dementia. The aims of this study of 14 brain regions including the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in 33 adults with DS 26-72 years of age were to identify the magnitude of brain region-specific developmental neuronal deficits contributing to intellectual deficits, to apply this baseline to identification of the topography and magnitude of neurodegeneration and neuronal and volume losses caused by EOAD, and to establish age-based staging of the pattern of genetically driven neuropathology in DS. Both DS subject age and stage of dementia, themselves very strongly correlated, were strong predictors of an AD-associated decrease of the number of neurons, considered a major contributor to dementia. The DS cohort was subclassified by age as pre-AD stage, with 26-41-year-old subjects with a full spectrum of developmental deficit but with very limited incipient AD pathology, and 43-49, 51-59, and 61-72-year-old groups with predominant prevalence of mild, moderately severe, and severe dementia respectively. This multiregional study revealed a 28.1% developmental neuronal deficit in DS subjects 26-41 years of age and 11.9% AD-associated neuronal loss in DS subjects 43-49 years of age; a 28.0% maximum neuronal loss at 51-59 years of age; and a 11.0% minimum neuronal loss at 61-72 years of age. A total developmental neuronal deficit of 40.8 million neurons and AD-associated neuronal loss of 41.6 million neurons reflect a comparable magnitude of developmental neuronal deficit contributing to intellectual deficits, and AD-associated neuronal loss contributing to dementia. This highly predictable pattern of pathology indicates that successful treatment of DS subjects in the fourth decade of life may prevent AD pathology and functional decline.
Arnaldo Saraiva y las literaturas marginales y marginalizadas (2014)

El presente estudio versa sobre los estudios y la actividad&#13;\ndocente de Arnaldo Saraiva en el área de las llamadas literaturas&#13;\nmarginales o marginalizadas de Portugal y de Brasil, así&#13;\ncomo el impacto extrañamente significativo que aquellos han&#13;\ntenido en sucesivas generaciones de profesores, agentes culturales&#13;\no estudiosos de la literatura. //// Abstract: This article focuses on Arnaldo Saraiva’s studies and teaching in the area of the so-called marginal or marginalized literatures&#13;\nof Portugal and Brazil, and on the unusually significant impact they&#13;\nhave had on successive generations of teachers, cultural agents and literary&#13;\nscholars.
UHF RFID elastic textile yarn (2020)

Abstract Over the last decade, the wearable electronics has greatly improved and the wearables market is expected to increase exponentially in the next years. Ultra high frequencies (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) textile yarns represent one of the most relevant solutions for adding smart functionality into clothes and more generally for any object integrating a textile tag. Among the existing textile yarn solutions, the E‐Thread technology consists on electronics embedded into textile yarn using a micro‐encapsulation method. This technology is the starting point of the work presented in this article. One of the hardest constraints that the RFID yarn should overcome is the robustness against stretching. Thus, the antenna has to be tolerant to the deformation of the associated textile yarn. Unlike the half‐wave dipole antenna used in the current E‐Thread yarn, the proposed solution is based on helical dipole antenna topology because its geometry naturally makes feasible an axial stretching. This study details the manufacturing process as well as the design methodology of the antenna taking into account the RFID context as well as the constraints imposed by the manufacturing process. The impact of the antenna's physical parameters is highlighted in order to provide design guidelines. The helical dipole antenna enables until 16% of axial elongation while the dipole antenna would tear apart.
A Theory of Network Equivalence (2010)

Abstract—We describe an equivalence result for network capacity. Roughly, our main result is as follows. Given a network of noisy, independent, memoryless links, a collection of demands can be met on the given network if and only if it can be met on another network where each noisy link is replaced by a noiseless bit pipe with throughput equal to the noisy link capacity. This result was previously known only for multicast connections. I.
Nanoflares for the Detection, Isolation, and Culture of Live Tumor Cells from Human Blood* (2020)

1740Metastasis portends a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Primary tumor cells disseminate through the bloodstream before the appearance of detectable metastatic lesions. The analysis of cancer cells in blood—so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs)—may provide unprecedented opportunities for metastatic risk assessment and investigation. Nanoflares are nanoconstructs that enable live cell detection of intracellular mRNA. Nanoflares, when coupled with flow cytometry, can be used to fluorescently detect genetic markers of CTCs in the context of whole blood. They allow one to detect as few as 100 live cancer cells per mL of blood and subsequently culture those cells. This technique can also be used to detect CTCs in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. As such, nanoflares provide, to our knowledge, the first genetic-based approach for detecting, isolating, and characterizing live cancer cells from blood and may provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy.
Measurement of Dispersion Stability of Surface-Modified Nanosized Carbon Black in Various Liquids (2007)

The dispersion stability of nano-sized carbon black produced by a thermal plasma process was investigated using a novel multiple light scattering method. The effect of surface modification of carbon black on the dispersion stability was monitored in various polar and non-polar liquids including water, methanol, styrene, and toluene. The results show that carbon black functionalized with carboxylic anion groups has much improved colloidal stability in a polar solvent and the degree of dispersion stability is strongly related to the solubility parameter value of liquids. In addition, the carbon black with carboxylic anions has a long-term stability without any auxiliary dispersion agent such as a surfactant due to electrostatic repulsion.
SIR1, an Upstream Component in Auxin Signaling Identified by Chemical Genetics (2003)

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. We used a chemical genetics approach to identify SIR1, a regulator of many auxin-inducible genes. The sir1 mutant was resistant to sirtinol, a small molecule that activates many auxin-inducible genes and promotes auxin-related developmental phenotypes. SIR1 is predicted to encode a protein composed of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like domain and a Rhodanese-like domain homologous to that of prolyl isomerase. We suggest a molecular context for how the auxin signal is propagated to exert its biological effects.
Effect of Grain Boundary Protrusion on Electrical Performance of Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors (2019)

We studied the impact of grain boundary (GB) protrusion on the electrical properties of low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors. The analysis of atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicate the grain size of ~350 nm and a protrusion height of ~35 nm. The transfer and output characteristics are well fitted by technology computer-aided design using two different density of states for poly-Si grain and GB, respectively. From 2-D contour mapping, a drastic reduction of hole concentration ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sim }5\times 10^{16}\,\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) at GB protrusion site was obtained as compared to the grain ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sim }3\times 10^{18}\,\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-3} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ). Trapping concentration at GB is much higher, which leads to the reduction in the mobility.
Multihoming of Users to Access Points in WLANs: A Population Game Perspective (2007)

We consider non-cooperative mobiles, each faced with the problem of which subset of WLANs access points (APs) to connect and multihome to, and how to split its traffic among them. Considering the many users regime, we obtain a potential game model and study its equilibrium. We obtain pricing for which the total throughput is maximized at equilibrium and study the convergence to equilibrium under various evolutionary dynamics. We also study the case where the Internet service provider (ISP) could charge prices greater than that of the cost price mechanism and show that even in this case multihoming is desirable.
Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes – are we there yet? The d-Nav® story (2018)

Insulin replacement therapy is mostly used by patients with type 2 diabetes who become insulin deficient and have failed other therapeutic options. They comprise about a quarter of those with diabetes, endures the majority of the complications and consumes the majority of the resources. Adequate insulin replacement therapy can prevent complications and reduce expenses, as long as therapy goals are achieved and maintained. Sadly, these therapy goals are seldom achieved and outcomes have not improved for decades despite advances in pharmacotherapy and technology. There is a growing recognition that the low success rate of insulin therapy results from intra-individual and inter-individual variations in insulin requirements. Total insulin requirements per day vary considerably between patients and constantly change without achieving a steady state. Thus, the key element in effective insulin therapy is unremitting and frequent dosage adjustments that can overcome those dynamics. In practice, insulin adjustments are done sporadically during outpatient clinic. Due to time constraints, providers are not able to deliver appropriate insulin dosage optimization. The d-Nav® Insulin Guidance Service has been developed to provide appropriate insulinization in insulin users without increasing the burden on healthcare systems. It relies on dedicated clinicians and a spectrum of technological solutions. Patients are provided with a handheld device called d-Nav® which advises them what dose of insulin to administer during each injection and automatically adjust insulin dosage when needed. The d-Nav care specialists periodically follow-up with users through telephone calls and in-person consultations to bestow user confidence, correct usage errors, triage, and identify uncharacteristic clinical courses. The following review provide details about the service and its clinical outcomes.
Interleukin-10 downregulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced Th1 responses and CTLA-4 expression (1996)

To characterize the mechanism by which interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits Th1 responses to intracellular pathogens, we evaluated the interaction between IL-10 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persons across the spectrum of tuberculous infection. M. tuberculosis-induced IFN-gamma production was highest in healthy tuberculin reactors, intermediate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative tuberculosis patients, and lowest in HIV-infected tuberculosis patients. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 increased IFN-gamma production in HIV-infected and HIV-negative tuberculosis patients by enhancing monocyte IL-12 production. Expression of the T-cell-costimulatory molecule CTLA-4 was depressed in M. tuberculosis-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tuberculosis patients, and anti-IL-10 and Il-12 upregulated expression of CTLA-4. These findings provide evidence that intracellular pathogens can inhibit Th1 responses and downregulate expression of specific costimulatory molecules.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PCBs AND SEX HORMONES IN A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE (2013)

Background: PCBs have been widely used in the environment and high levels are still found in humans. Although some of the PCBs are regarded as Ah-receptor agonists, effects on reproductive organs have been reported, suggesting effects of PCBs on the biosynthesis of steroids. Aims: We have now evaluated the relationships between circulating levels of PCBs and sex hormones in humans. Methods: Plasma samples from 1000 70-year-olds were analyzed as part of a large population-based study (Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors). Eleven sex steroids were quantified, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and PCBs (PCB118, 126, 156, 169, 170 and 206) were measured with high-resolution GC/MS. Women with current/previous menopausal hormone therapy were excluded from the data analysis. Results: Concentrations of two dioxin-like PCB (PCB118 and PCB156) and one non-dioxin-like PCBs (206) were inversely related to levels of testosterone (in women only, p&lt;0.05). Two of the non-dioxin-like PCBs (PCB170 and 206) were furthermore inversely related to estradiol levels in women only (p&lt;0.005). Conclusions: In samples of elderly, concentrations of circulating PCBs were associated with concentrations of sex hormones. Physiological effects of different PCBs are likely different and their association with steroidogenesis should be studied.
Memory-Efficient Polar Decoders (2017)

Polar codes have gained a great amount of attention in the past few years, since they can provably achieve the capacity of a symmetric channel with a low-complexity encoding and decoding algorithm. As a result, polar codes have been selected as a coding scheme in the 5th generation wireless communication standard. Among different decoding schemes, successive-cancellation (SC) and SC list decoding yield good trade-off between error-correction performance and hardware implementation cost. However, both families of algorithms have large memory requirements. In this paper, we propose a set of novel techniques that aim at reducing the high-memory cost of SC-based decoders. These techniques are orthogonal to the specific decoder architecture considered, and can be applied on top of existing memory reduction techniques. We have designed and implemented different polar decoders on FPGA and also synthesized them in 65 nm TSMC CMOS technology to verify the effectiveness of the proposed memory reduction techniques. The benchmark decoders yield comparable or lower area occupation than the state of the art: the results show that the proposed methods can save up to 46% memory area occupation and 42% total area occupation compared with benchmark SC-based decoders.
[Progress of ductoscopy of the breast]. (1996)

Ductoscopy of the breast was initially performed utilizing a rigid scope. Improvements in endoscopic equipment and introduction of the silica-fiberscope have enabled observation of intraductal lesions. The silica-fiberscope can be gradually moved into peripheral sites, after which the endoscopic findings are compared with histological features and diagnostic imaging. The most common symptom dictating endoscopic examination is a discharge from the nipple in which no palpable mass is detected. The fiberscope is introduced through the duct orifice on the surface of the nipple. The characteristic feature of a cancerous lesion is a superficial spread along the surface of the ductal lumen, which differs from the typical features of intraductal papilloma. Microsampling methods such as tube curette cytology should be used to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Endoscopic examination can provide valuable information which will be helpful in the decision process such as; surgical methods, nipple-preservation, and breast conservation.