gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward machine emotional intelligence: analysis of affective physiological state (2001)

The ability to recognize emotion is one of the hallmarks of emotional intelligence, an aspect of human intelligence that has been argued to be even more important than mathematical and verbal intelligences. This paper proposes that machine intelligence needs to include emotional intelligence and demonstrates results toward this goal: developing a machine's ability to recognize the human affective state given four physiological signals. We describe difficult issues unique to obtaining reliable affective data and collect a large set of data from a subject trying to elicit and experience each of eight emotional states, daily, over multiple weeks. This paper presents and compares multiple algorithms for feature-based recognition of emotional state from this data. We analyze four physiological signals that exhibit problematic day-to-day variations: The features of different emotions on the same day tend to cluster more tightly than do the features of the same emotion on different days. To handle the daily variations, we propose new features and algorithms and compare their performance. We find that the technique of seeding a Fisher Projection with the results of sequential floating forward search improves the performance of the Fisher Projection and provides the highest recognition rates reported to date for classification of affect from physiology: 81 percent recognition accuracy on eight classes of emotion, including neutral.
Thick Rigidly Foldable Origami Mechanisms Based on Synchronized Offset Rolling Contact Elements (2017)

We present a general technique for achieving kinematic single degree of freedom (1DOF) origami-based mechanisms with thick rigid panels using synchronized offset rolling contact elements (SORCEs). We present general design analysis for planar and 3D relative motions between panels and show physically realized examples. The technique overcomes many of the limitations of previous approaches for thick rigidly foldable mechanisms.
Material-informed Formwork Geometry - The effects of cross-sectional variation and patterns on the strength of 3D printed eggshell formworks (2021)

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing of formworks for concrete has the potential to increase geometric freedom in concrete construction. However, one major limitation of FDM printed formworks is that they are fragile and often cannot support the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the concrete. The research project 'Eggshell' combines robotic 3D printing of formwork with the casting of a fast-hardening concrete to reduce hydrostatic pressure to a minimum. Eggshell can be used to fabricate architectural-scale building components; however, knowledge of the influence formwork geometry has on the hydrostatic pressure resistance is still sparse, resulting in unexpected breakages of the formwork. This paper presents an empirical study into the breakage behaviour of FDM printed formworks when subjected to hydrostatic pressure. Firstly, the study aims to give a first insight into the breakage behaviour of formworks with a constant cross-section by casting a self-compacting concrete into the formwork until breakage. Then, we investigate if three-dimensional patterning of the formwork can have a beneficial effect on the breakage behaviour. Finally, the preliminary results are validated through the fabrication of two full-scale columns. The empirical results point towards the fact that sharp corners in formworks are weaker compared to rounded corners. Although the presented results are still preliminary, they mark an important step in the development of reliable design and fabrication strategies using 3D printed formworks.
Connecting brains with machines: the neural control of 2D cursor movement (2004)

The paper presents a review of our neural prosthesis research program and provides a brief introduction to the field. We focus on four key problems: sensing, neural encoding, neural decoding, and interface design. We explore these problems and present our current solutions which have led to the direct cortical control of unconstrained 2D cursor movement.
Adaptive air fuel ratio control for internal combustion engines (2008)

This paper treats the control of engine air-to-fuel ratio from the perspective of adaptive control of time-delay systems. High accuracy of engine air-to-fuel ratio control is required to meet stringent emissions regulations. Two adaptive controller designs are considered. The first design is based on feed-forward adaptation while the second design is based on both feedback and feedforward adaptation incorporating the developed adaptive posicast controller. The two adaptive designs are compared with the baseline controller using simulations and vehicle experiments.
AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with an AlGaN layer grown directly on reactive-ion-etched GaN showing a high electron mobility (>1300 cm2V−1s−1) (2018)

In this study, the metal–organic-vapor-phase-epitaxial growth behavior and electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN structures prepared by the growth of an AlGaN layer on a reactive-ion-etched (RIE) GaN surface without regrown GaN layers were investigated. The annealing of RIE-GaN surfaces in NH3 + H2 atmosphere, employed immediately before AlGaN growth, was a key process in obtaining a clean GaN surface for AlGaN growth, that is, in obtaining an electron mobility as high as 1350 cm2 V−1 s−1 in a fabricated AlGaN/RIE-GaN structure. High-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were successfully fabricated with AlGaN/RIE-GaN wafers. With decreasing density of dotlike defects observed on the surfaces of AlGaN/RIE-GaN wafers, both two-dimensional electron gas properties of AlGaN/RIE-GaN structures and DC characteristics of HEMTs were markedly improved. Since dotlike defect density was markedly dependent on RIE lot, rather than on growth lot, surface contaminations of GaN during RIE were believed to be responsible for the formation of dotlike defects and, therefore, for the inferior electrical properties.
Lip motion modeling and speech driven estimation (2002)

Advances in joint acoustical/visual analysis for model-based lip motion synthesis is presented. The 2D lip motion field is modeled as a linear combination of a low dimensional motion basis computed through principal component analysis (PCA). The vector of PCA coefficients is expressed as a function of a limited set of articulatory parameters which describe the external appearance of the mouth. The acoustical processing estimates these articulatory parameters from the direct analysis of the speech waveform based on a neural processing stage, i.e., through a bank of time delay neural networks. The achieved results have been subjectively evaluated by visualizing the estimated motion on a wire-frame mouth template presented in synchronization with speech. The experiments carried out so far deal with single-speaker trained TDNNs and with single-speaker PCA, but suitable algorithms for generalizing the techniques are currently under investigation.
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS USE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A BETTER COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN OLDER HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH SUBJECTIVE MEMORY COMPLAINTS: 9D.07 (2010)

Background and Purpose: Hypertension is strongly associated with cognitive decline and a promising candidate for dementia prevention. Our aim was to investigate the association between different antihypertensive treatments and cognitive performance in elderly hypertensive patients presenting with subjective memory complaints (SMC). Methods: 378 elderly hypertensive patients > 65 years (mean age 70.4 ± 6.3 years) treated with at least one antihypertensive agent and presenting with SMC but without dementia were prospectively recruited and underwent a combination of neuropsychological tests, a brain MRI with semi-quantification of White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH), carotid echotracking, brachial endothelial function and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) assessments. Results: None of the 3 composite scores (memory score, verbal fluency, visual memory capacity) was found associated with BP levels. Age and gender-adjusted analyses showed a significant and positive association between the memory score and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) use (users: +0.14 ± 0.09 versus non-users: −0.12 ± 0.06, p = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that CCBs use was significantly associated with a better memory score, independently from age, male gender, WMH, and carotid wall cross-sectional area, which were associated with worse memory scores. Conclusions: In elderly hypertensive treated patients with SMC, CCBs use was associated with better memory performances independently of BP level and macro and microvascular alterations, suggesting a specific neuroprotective effect of this pharmacological class. Interventional controlled trials are required to confirm the specific protective effect of CCBs on cognitive decline.
Synthesis of a π-extended azacoronene composed of naphthalene and acenaphtho[1,2-c]pyrrole toward a chiral curved π structure (2022)

[Formula: see text]-Extended azacoronene has been synthesized via an S[Formula: see text]Ar reaction using acenaphthopyrrole and octafluoronaphthalene utilizing successive Scholl reactions. Although the chiral conformers could not be isolated, the new azacoronene analog exhibited longer-wavelength absorption and reversible oxidation properties, which are characteristic of pyrrole-fused azacoronenes. When combined with the results of our DFT calculations, the experimental results indicate weaker global aromaticity than that of previously reported azacoronenes.
Comparison of Spur Gear Root Stress Calculations (2005)

Methods of Spur Gear Root Stress determination were analyzed by comparing an experimentally proven method to documented theoretical methods. The methods evaluated were German DIN standards, AGMA standard, JGMA standard, and Cornell method. The Cornell method was used as a benchmark for comparison of other methods. Each method was used to calculate root stresses in a spur gear system. The gear system variables were torque and rotational speed. Seven different torque settings and four different rotational speeds were used in the analysis, giving 28 different system settings for analysis. The system was modeled using a NASA computer program, Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear Transmission (DANST) developed by one of the authors. The stresses in the tooth root were calculated from the dynamic forces at 121 points along the involute tooth profile during a two-gear mesh. The study has shown that the stresses calculated using AGMA could predict the stresses calculated using the Cornell method of stress calculation. The JGMA method calculates the maximum root stress of the gear system within three percent of the Cornell method. The study showed that AGMA, and JGMA methods could be as effective at calculating the root stresses as the Cornell method.
Detecting Subdimensional Motifs: An Efficient Algorithm for Generalized Multivariate Pattern Discovery (2007)

Discovering recurring patterns in time series data is a fundamental problem for temporal data mining. This paper addresses the problem of locating subdimensional motifs in real-valued, multivariate time series, which requires the simultaneous discovery of sets of recurring patterns along with the corresponding relevant dimensions. While many approaches to motif discovery have been developed, most are restricted to categorical data, univariate time series, or multivariate data in which the temporal patterns span all of the dimensions. In this paper, we present an expected linear-time algorithm that addresses a generalization of multivariate pattern discovery in which each motif may span only a subset of the dimensions. To validate our algorithm, we discuss its theoretical properties and empirically evaluate it using several data sets including synthetic data and motion capture data collected by an on-body iner- tial sensor.
The Development of Approaches Based on Gene Therapy to Improve Muscle Healing Following Injury (2000)

Muscle injuries are common, with an incidence varying from 10% to 55% of all injuries sustained in sports (Lehto and Jarvinen 1991). Muscle injuries are divided into 2 types: a shearing injury, in which both the myofibers and the connective tissue framework are torn, or an in situ injury, in which only the myofibers are damaged and the basal lamina and connective tissue sheaths do not undergo significant harm. Shearing injuries, the most frequent muscle injuries related to sports, may be lacerations, contusions, or strains, depending on the mechanism of injury (Lehto and Jarvinen 1991). Contusion is sustained through a significant compressive force to the muscle, such as a direct blow, a common occurrence in contact sports. A strain occurs when a forceful eccentric contraction is applied to an overstretched muscle, especially in jumping or sprinting (Garrett, Jr. 1990; Lehto and Jarvinen 1991). Injury is common near the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) of a superficial muscle that crosses 2 joints, such as the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius muscles. Though rather rare in sports, muscle laceration is a dramatic injury that consistently incapacitates athletes for long periods of time and often jeopardizes their professional careers.
The impact of crystallography on design of adsorption and catalytic sites in zeolites (2011)

Diffuse scattering iso-surfaces in dodecane-urea hostguest compound in slabs perpendicular to the channel axis and close to multiple values of the guest reciprocal parameter. (down: projected image).
Blastogenesis of Large Granular Lymphocytes in Nonlymphoid Organs (1988)

High numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) accumulate in the livers and peritoneal cavities of mice during the course of viral infection. Accumulation of natural killer (NK) cells at day 3 postinfection (p.i.) was shown to be radiation-sensitive, implying that proliferation was required for this response. Accumulation occurred in splenectomized mice, indicating that the spleen, known to be an organ for mature NK cell proliferation, was not the major source for liver and peritoneal NK/LGL. Significant percentages (greater than 25%) of the LGL found in the liver and peritoneal cavity following viral infection or interferon induction with poly-inosinic:poly-cytidylic acid were defined morphologically as blasts (large cells with prominent nucleoli and intensely basophilic cytoplasms containing azurophilic granules). Most blast LGL at day 3 p.i. were sensitive to administration of anti-asialo GM1 serum in vivo, were Lyt-2-, and were enriched in populations that lysed NK cell-sensitive targets in vitro, indicating that these were NK/LGL. At day 3 p.i., leukocytes from the liver and peritoneal cavity incorporated 3H-thymidine and bound to and killed NK cell-sensitive targets in single-cell cytotoxicity assays. These data suggest that NK/LGL undergo at least one round of division in the liver and peritoneal cavity during viral infection. In contrast, blast LGL at day 7 p.i. were resistant to in vivo treatments with anti-asialo GM1 serum, were Lyt-2+, and were enriched in populations of cells that killed virus-infected histocompatible targets, indicating that they were cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). These results suggest that both NK/LGL and CTL/LGL are capable of blastogenesis and presumed proliferation at sites of virus infection, providing a means for the in situ augmentation of a host's cell-mediated antiviral defenses.
Pareto Front of Energy Storage Size and Series HEV Fuel Economy Using Bandwidth-Based Control Strategy (2015)

The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) offers superior fuel economy (FE) compared to the conventional counterpart; yet, it is costlier. To optimize an HEV design, both energy storage cost-one of the major contributors in overall cost-and FE are often set as objective functions in optimization processes. The techniques applied to manage the power flow between powertrain energy sources and sinks significantly affect the results of this optimization. In this paper, an advanced bandwidth-based control strategy teamed up with a duty ratio control strategy is applied and a Pareto Frontier, including energy storage system (ESS) costs and FEs, for a series HEV (SHEV) with limited all-electric-mode is introduced. The bandwidth-based control allows the SHEV's advantage in engine efficiency management to be extended to the lighter ESS as compared to the ESS sizes in vehicles available in the market. To produce the Pareto Frontier, a vehicle model created in the powertrain modeling environment Autonomie is customized and used in parallel-mode multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization. It is noted that the approach proposed here is not claimed to be a global optimal solution but instead is an improvement over typical solutions used in real vehicles based on constraints such as the need to implement on a practical real-time controller.
Polyvalent Oligonucleotide Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates as Delivery Vehicles for Platinum(IV) Warheads* (2020)

Polyvalent Oligonucleotide Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates as Delivery Vehicles for Platinum(IV) Warheads
Revealing information by averaging (2017)

We present a method for hiding images in synthetic videos and reveal them by temporal averaging. The main challenge is to develop a visual masking method that hides the input image both spatially and temporally. Our masking approach consists of temporal and spatial pixel by pixel variations of the frequency band coefficients representing the image to be hidden. These variations ensure that the target image remains invisible both in the spatial and the temporal domains. In addition, by applying a temporal masking function derived from a dither matrix, we allow the video to carry a visible message that is different from the hidden image. The image hidden in the video can be revealed by software averaging, or with a camera, by long-exposure photography. The presented work may find applications in the secure transmission of digital information.
Bootstrap-current computations for a stellarator-reactor plasma (1990)

Numerical results for the bootstrap current in a stellarator-reactor plasma are presented. The distribution function f is computed numerically from a kinetic equation that is averaged over the helical ripple. The parallel flows and the current are obtained as v ‖ moments of f . The physics issues embedded in the code are discussed concisely, concentrating on the justification as to why the bootstrap current can be estimated from an averaged scheme. Results are presented for typical stellarator-reactor parameters. The numerical code FLOCS predicts that the momentum-restoring terms in the collision operator have no significant impact on the value of the bootstrap current (the difference being about 10%). The results obtained are related to the equilibrium flows, and a physical interpretation based on the kinetic picture is presented. Finally, an estimate for the impact of J ‖ on the rotational transform is given.
Novel Synthesis of Dual-Frequency RF Energy-Harvesting Rectifier Incorporating Coupled Lines (2017)

In this paper, a novel synthesis technique for dual-frequency rectifier for ambient RF energy harvesting is proposed. For the first time, a fully distributed version of dual-frequency resistance compression network (RCN) is introduced. The proposed RCN utilizes the dual- frequency characteristic of the c-type coupled lines terminated into real impedance. The design technique is fully analytical based on closed-form design equations. Extensive simulations have been carried out to illustrate the proposed idea. The obtained results outperform the earlier reported lumped element network and provides a minimum 10% improvement in the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency at -20 dBm input power. The proposed technique can potentially serve as a starting point for the dual-frequency RF rectifier design.
Advancing Peptide-Based Biorecognition Elements for Biosensors Using in-Silico Evolution (2018)

Sensors for human health and performance monitoring require biological recognition elements (BREs) at device interfaces for the detection of key molecular biomarkers that are measurable biological state indicators. BREs, including peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids, bind to biomarkers in the vicinity of the sensor surface to create a signal proportional to the biomarker concentration. The discovery of BREs with the required sensitivity and selectivity to bind biomarkers at low concentrations remains a fundamental challenge. In this study, we describe an in-silico approach to evolve higher sensitivity peptide-based BREs for the detection of cardiac event marker protein troponin I (cTnI) from a previously identified BRE as the parental affinity peptide. The P2 affinity peptide, evolved using our in-silico method, was found to have ∼16-fold higher affinity compared to the parent BRE and ∼10 fM (0.23 pg/mL) limit of detection. The approach described here can be applied towards designing BREs for other biomarkers for human health monitoring.
Cerium(III) Iodide (2001)

[7790-87-6] CeI3 (MW 520.83) InChI = 1S/Ce.3HI/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 InChIKey = ZEDZJUDTPVFRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-K (organocerium reagents prepared from cerium triiodide and organolithiums have reduced basicity and possess enhanced nucleophilicity toward the carbonyl group; promotes aldol reaction between α-halo ketones and aldehydes; in combination with LiAlH4 is a selective 1,2-reducing agent) Alternate Name: cerium triiodide Physical Data: mp 752 °C. Solubility: sol water, acetone. Form Supplied in: bright yellow solid. Preparative Methods: pure CeI3 is prepared by the reaction of metallic cerium with iodine or mercury(II) iodide at high temperature.1, 2 Another method is to dissolve CeO2 in aqueous HI solution, adding 12 moles of NH4I per mole of CeO2, and evaporating the mixture to dryness. The mixture is heated in vacuo at 300–350 °C to leave pure CeI3.3 CeI3 is prepared in situ by the reaction of powdered cerium with iodine in THF.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: extremely hygroscopic and turns brown when exposed to air owing to the liberation of iodine. This reagent should be stored under nitrogen and handled in a glove bag.
High Energy Pulse Amplification in a Higher-Order Mode Fiber Amplifier with Axicon for Output Mode Conversion (2015)

High energy, 700 μJ, one nanosecond pulses and 490 femtosecond, 50 μJ pulses are demonstrated in an Er-doped, higher-order-mode fiber amplifier. An axicon at the output enables efficient, nonlinearity-free reconversion to a low M2 beam.
ASIM (2012)

The Monte Carlo code SIMIND [1] simulates a clinical SPECT scintillation camera and can easily be modied for almost any type of calculation or measurement encountered in SPECT imaging. The SIMIND system consists of two main programs, CHANGE and SIMIND. The CHANGE program provides a menu-driven method of dening the system that will be simulated and to write these parameters to an external le. The actual Monte Carlo simulations are made by the program SIMIND that reads data from the input les, created by CHANGE, and after calculation writes results to the screen or to different data les. In this way, several input les can be prepared in a command le for submission to a batch queue, a convenient way when working with Monte Carlo simulations. Figure 7.1 shows a °owchart that describes a different le structure for the SIMIND and the CHANGE program.