gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sialic Acid and Sialylated Oligosaccharide Supplementation during Lactation Improves Learning and Memory in Rats (2018)

Sialic acids (Sia) are postulated to improve cognitive abilities. This study evaluated Sia effects on rat behavior when administered in a free form as N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or conjugated as 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL). Rat milk contains Sia, which peaks at Postnatal Day 9 and drops to a minimum by Day 15. To bypass this Sia peak, a cohort of foster mothers was used to raise the experimental pups. A group of pups received a daily oral supplementation of Neu5Ac to mimic the amount naturally present in rat milk, and another group received the same molar amount of Sia as 6'-SL. The control group received water. After weaning, rats were submitted to behavioral evaluation. One year later, behavior was re-evaluated, and in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) was performed. Brain samples were collected and analyzed at both ages. Adult rats who received Sia performed significantly better in the behavioral assessment and showed an enhanced LTP compared to controls. Within Sia groups, 6'-SL rats showed better scores in some cognitive outcomes compared to Neu5Ac rats. At weaning, an effect on polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) levels in the frontal cortex was only observed in 6'-SL fed rats. Providing Sia during lactation, especially as 6'-SL, improves memory and LTP in adult rats.
PTCA in angulated segments: Effects of balloon material, balloon length, and inflation sequence on straightening forces in an in vitro model (1996)

We sought to determine the effect of balloon material, balloon length, and inflation sequence on the straightening forces generated during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in angulated segments. Using an in vitro model consisting of a curved channel (3/4" radius) with a displaceable pressure sensor, we examined four different balloon materials: compliant (POC), semicompliant (PE600 and Duralyn), and noncompliant (PET), two balloon lengths (20 mm and 40 mm), and two inflation sequences (rapid and slow) with continuous recording of straightening force during each balloon inflation. Three balloons were tested for each combination of materials, length, and inflation sequence. Long balloons exerted significantly lower straightening forces. There were significantly higher straightening forces with noncompliant, particularly short, balloons. Varying the inflation sequence had no significant effect. For PTCA in angulated segments: (1) long balloons produce lower straightening force, (2) noncompliant balloons produce higher straightening force, particularly with short balloons, and (3) varying the inflation sequence has no significant effect on straightening force.
Selection of Appropriate Autoinducer Analogues for the Modulation of Quorum Sensing at the Host–Bacterium Interface (2018)

Bacteria regulate a variety of phenotypes in response to their population density using quorum sensing (QS). This phenomenon is regulated by small molecule or peptide signals, the best characterized of which are the N-acyl l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) utilized by Gram-negative bacteria. As many QS-controlled phenotypes, notably pathogenicity and symbiosis, can profoundly impact host eukaryotes, there is significant interest in developing methods for modulating QS signaling and either ameliorating or augmenting these phenotypes. One strategy has been the use of non-native AHL analogues to agonize or antagonize specific AHL receptors. This approach is complicated, however, by the potential for prospective hosts to respond to both native AHLs and synthetic analogues. Accordingly, identifying AHL analogues with little or no activity toward eukaryotes is important in developing QS modulation as a strategy for the regulation of prokaryotic behaviors. Herein, we utilize the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to characterize eukaryotic responses to a variety of synthetic AHL analogues to identify structural elements of existing scaffolds that may elicit responses in prospective hosts. Our results indicate that, while many of these compounds have no discernible effect on A. thaliana, some elicit strong phenotypes similar to those produced by auxin, a hormone involved in almost all aspects of plant development. We outline concentrations and chemical scaffolds that are ideal for deployment on plant hosts for the regulation of QS. This approach should be exportable to other eukaryotes for the selection of optimal AHL tools for the study of QS at the host-microbe interface.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main‐Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 42. The Role of Organotin Compounds in Olefin Metathesis: Synthesis, Structure, and Lewis Acidity of ((η5‐C5Me5)CH3ReCl3). (1987)

Abstract By means of the readily accessible, simple Re complexes (I), the elementary steps involved in the reaction of tin‐containing cocatalysts with higher‐valent, soluble Re compounds are explained.
SMART GRID ARCHITECTURES: FROM USE CASES TO ICT REQUIREMENTS (2014)

The scope of this paper is to address the evolution of distribution grid architectures following the widespread introduction of renewable energy sources. The increasing connection of distributed resources has a strong impact on the topology and the control functionality of the current distribution grids requiring the development of new Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions with various degrees of adaptation of the monitoring, communication and control technologies. The costs of ICT based solutions need however to be taken into account, hence it is desirable to work with existing communication networks. The objective of the European FP7 project SmartC2Net in this regard is to enable robust smart grid control utilizing heterogeneous third party communication infrastructures.
Correlation between Cu microstructure and TSV Cu pumping (2014)

Cu pumping is the irreversible extrusion of Cu from Cu-filled through-silicon vias (TSVs) exposed to high temperatures during back-end of line (BEOL) processing. The distribution of Cu pumping values over the TSVs of a single wafer has a large intrinsic spread. As potential BEOL reliability issues due to Cu pumping will first occur at the highest pumping TSVs, they can be mitigated if the fundamental cause for this large intrinsic spread is known and under control. This paper describes a clear correlation between Cu pumping and TSV Cu microstructure based on the grain size at the top of 5×50 μm TSV, disregarding twin boundaries. For the mitigation of TSV Cu pumping the ideal microstructure was shown to consist of a single grain spanning the whole TSV cross section, bringing down the highest measured Cu pumping value from 248 nm to 73 nm. This effect was attributed to the absence of rapid diffusion paths and grain boundary sliding ability.
Testing and Evaluation of Merritt Parkway Guiderail (1997)

A blocked-out steel-backed timber guiderail and transition on steel posts were successfully developed and crash-tested in accordance with requirements set forth in NCHRP Report 350 for Test Level 3. The timber guiderail system was developed for placement along the scenic Merritt Parkway in Connecticut. The timber guiderail and transition were constructed from rough-sawn commercial Grade 1 southern pine backed with a 10- x 152-mm ASTM A588 Grade 50 structural steel plate. The guiderail was supported by W150 x 22.5 steel posts 2 m long, spaced 3.05 m through the length-of-need section. Reduced post spacings of 0.8 m and 1.5 m were used in the transition section.
A Fast Robust Recursive Least-Squares Algorithm (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a fast robust recursive least-squares (FRRLS) algorithm based on a recently introduced new framework for designing robust adaptive filters. The algorithm is the result of minimizing a cost function subject to a time-dependent constraint on the norm of the filter update. Although the characteristics of the exact solution to this problem are known, there is no closed-form solution in general. However, the approximate solution we propose is very close to the optimal one. We also present some theoretical results regarding the asymptotic behavior of the algorithm. The FRRLS is then tested in different environments for system identification and acoustic echo cancellation applications. </para>
Evaluation of Sinus/Edge-Corrected Zero-Echo-Time–Based Attenuation Correction in Brain PET/MRI (2017)

In brain PET/MRI, the major challenge of zero-echo-time (ZTE)-based attenuation correction (ZTAC) is the misclassification of air/tissue/bone mixtures or their boundaries. Our study aimed to evaluate a sinus/edge-corrected (SEC) ZTAC (ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub>), relative to an uncorrected (UC) ZTAC (ZTAC<sub>UC</sub>) and a CT atlas-based attenuation correction (ATAC). <b>Methods:</b> Whole-body <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/MRI scans were obtained for 12 patients after PET/CT scans. Only data acquired at a bed station that included the head were used for this study. Using PET data from PET/MRI, we applied ZTAC<sub>UC</sub>, ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub>, ATAC, and reference CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) to PET attenuation correction. For ZTAC<sub>UC</sub>, the bias-corrected and normalized ZTE was converted to pseudo-CT with air (-1,000 HU for ZTE < 0.2), soft-tissue (42 HU for ZTE > 0.75), and bone (-2,000 × [ZTE - 1] + 42 HU for 0.2 ≤ ZTE ≤ 0.75). Afterward, in the pseudo-CT, sinus/edges were automatically estimated as a binary mask through morphologic processing and edge detection. In the binary mask, the overestimated values were rescaled below 42 HU for ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub> For ATAC, the atlas deformed to MR in-phase was segmented to air, inner air, soft tissue, and continuous bone. For the quantitative evaluation, PET mean uptake values were measured in twenty 1-mL volumes of interest distributed throughout brain tissues. The PET uptake was compared using a paired <i>t</i> test. An error histogram was used to show the distribution of voxel-based PET uptake differences. <b>Results:</b> Compared with CTAC, ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub> achieved the overall PET quantification accuracy (0.2% ± 2.4%, <i>P</i> = 0.23) similar to CTAC, in comparison with ZTAC<sub>UC</sub> (5.6% ± 3.5%, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and ATAC (-0.9% ± 5.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.03). Specifically, a substantial improvement with ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub> (0.6% ± 2.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.01) was found in the cerebellum, in comparison with ZTAC<sub>UC</sub> (8.1% ± 3.5%, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and ATAC (-4.1% ± 4.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.01). The histogram of voxel-based uptake differences demonstrated that ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub> reduced the magnitude and variation of errors substantially, compared with ZTAC<sub>UC</sub> and ATAC. <b>Conclusion:</b> ZTAC<sub>SEC</sub> can provide an accurate PET quantification in brain PET/MRI, comparable to the accuracy achieved by CTAC, particularly in the cerebellum.
Complete parameter identification of a robot from partial pose information (2002)

It is shown that incomplete pose information collected in accordance with a special data-collection scheme can be successfully used in identifying all the independent kinematic parameters of a robot. A radial-distance transducer, called the telescopic ball-bar system, is used to measure simply the distance of the robot endpoint from a fixed point in the workspace. Special fixtures are mounted on the robot endpoint and on the robot table in order to indirectly access the complete pose information of the robot. All the independent parameters of a six-degree-of-freedom robot have been identified. The procedure provides an easy and economic way of calibrating a robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Towards the limit of ferroelectric nanosized grains (2003)

Ferroelectric random access memories are non-volatile, low voltage, high read/write speed devices which have been introduced into the market in recent years and which show the clear potential of future gigabit scale universal non-volatile memories. The ultimate limit of this concept will depend on the ferroelectric limit (synonymous superparaelectric limit), i.e. the size limit below which the ferroelectricity is quenched. While there are clear indications that 2D ferroelectric oxide films may sustain their ferroelectric polarization below 4 nm in thickness (Tybell T, Ahn C H and Triscone J M 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 856), the limit will be quite different for isolated 3D nanostructures (nanograins, nanoclusters).
New Collegians Should Get Used to College Study (2003)

Every year, most new college students would meet with problems of how to get used to their studies in their programs and personal living. As the only child in family and more spoiled by their parents, the child is becoming more leaned on mentality and weak ability on living. New collegians should get used to college life, learning on setting up selfawareness, getting new personal relationship and living independently.
Dried fluid spots for peste des petits ruminants virus load evaluation allowing for non-invasive diagnosis and genotyping (2014)

This clearly reveals the excellent capacity of filter papers to store genetic material that can be sampled using a non-invasive approach.
Endoscopic Foraminotomy Using MED System in Cadaveric Specimens (2000)

Posterior cervical foraminotomy, using the microendoscopic technique, is technically feasible and may be applicable to the treatment of foraminal stenosis and laterally located cervical disc herniation. Studies in live animals are currently examining techniques for hemostasis.
The Impact of Engine Operating Conditions on Catalytic Aftertreatment Efficiency and Durability (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;While often treated as separate entities, there is a significant interaction between engine operating parameters and the catalytic aftertreatment system in determining overall performance. The impressive gains in vehicle emissions and durability required for such marketplaces, as California and Europe provide excellent examples of this interrelationship. Similarly, the Indian marketplace can expect to follow these technology progressions in engine as well as catalyst application design. To progress from an unregulated emissions environment to the first level of catalyzed aftertreatment of relatively simply designed carbureted engines, and then to more sophisticated engines with fuel injection, India can take advantage of what has been learned in other marketplaces worldwide.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Different automotive catalyst technologies process the emissions from an engine with different responses to variations in engine operating parameters of primary importance is the distinction between a purely oxidative aftertreatment in which unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) and CO can be effectively converted, and fully three-way emissions control requiring engine operation close to the A/F stoichiometric point under all conditions. This distinction has impact on both the choice of catalyst technology and the specific engine operating factors impacting and limiting typical conversion performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Catalyst durability can be attributed to two types of deactivation mechanisms: (a) thermal deactivation, and (b) poisoning. Thermal deactivation is primarily caused by periods of very high temperature operation as a result of the oxidation of HCs and CO in high concentration. These conditions arise under certain vehicle operating modes. Two factors influence the extent of deactivation, the temperature level and the time spent at these temperatures. Poisoning arises through the deposition of foreign material onto the catalyst from either fuel or lubricant sources. Of particular concern is the extreme impact of even small amounts of residual lead in fuel as the inventory of leaded fuel is slowly purged from the fuel industry's infrastructure.&lt;/div&gt;
Wafer-Level Epitaxial Silicon Packaging for Out-of-Plane RF MEMS Resonators With Integrated Actuation Electrodes (2011)

This paper presents an integrated solution for wafer-level packaging and electrostatic actuation of out-of-plane radio frequency microelectromechanical system resonators. By integrating the electrodes into the epitaxial-grown silicon layer, both the encapsulation and the out-of-plane actuation can be built in one process step, which results in an ultracompact and robust packaging. First, designs and fabrication processes of the out-of-plane electrode are described. The mechanical and electrical properties of the electrode are discussed, modeled, and characterized. A 200 kHz torsional mode beam resonator and an 11.2 MHz transverse-mode differential square plate resonator are fabricated using this packaging method and their performances are presented and discussed.
Le tabac et ses effets sur le système endocrinien (2010)

Presque un tiers des hommes et des femmes fument regulierement en Belgique. Hormis les effets deleteres bien connus de la fumee de tabac sur la sphere ORL, cardio-pulmonaire et son association avec diverses neoplasies, on reconnait aujourd'hui des consequences sur le systeme neuroendocrinien, sur l'axe thyroidien et reproducteur, qui font l'objet de cet article. Non seulement les fumeurs actifs, mais egalement le fœtus porte par une mere fumeuse et les fumeurs passifs exposes a la fumee de tabac, sont a risque d'importants troubles de sante. Le tabac est un facteur reconnu de risque de survenue d'ophtalmopathie basedowienne. Quelques-uns des composants actifs du tabac comme les thiocyanates sont goitrigenes. Au niveau reproducteur, le tabac est un facteur responsable d'infertilite chez les hommes comme chez les femmes. Chez les bebes issus de parents fumeurs il existe un risque plus eleve de presenter une mort subite. Ces consequences constituent un enjeu majeur de sante publique. Une campagne pour le sevrage tabagique est recemment lancee par le Service Federal de Sante Publique et par l'INAMI en Belgique.
Dynamic nuclear polarization at high magnetic fields (2008)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a method that permits NMR signal intensities of solids and liquids to be enhanced significantly, and is therefore potentially an important tool in structural and mechanistic studies of biologically relevant molecules. During a DNP experiment, the large polarization of an exogeneous or endogeneous unpaired electron is transferred to the nuclei of interest (I) by microwave (microw) irradiation of the sample. The maximum theoretical enhancement achievable is given by the gyromagnetic ratios (gamma(e)gamma(l)), being approximately 660 for protons. In the early 1950s, the DNP phenomenon was demonstrated experimentally, and intensively investigated in the following four decades, primarily at low magnetic fields. This review focuses on recent developments in the field of DNP with a special emphasis on work done at high magnetic fields (> or =5 T), the regime where contemporary NMR experiments are performed. After a brief historical survey, we present a review of the classical continuous wave (cw) DNP mechanisms-the Overhauser effect, the solid effect, the cross effect, and thermal mixing. A special section is devoted to the theory of coherent polarization transfer mechanisms, since they are potentially more efficient at high fields than classical polarization schemes. The implementation of DNP at high magnetic fields has required the development and improvement of new and existing instrumentation. Therefore, we also review some recent developments in microw and probe technology, followed by an overview of DNP applications in biological solids and liquids. Finally, we outline some possible areas for future developments.
The psychosocial impact of living with mesothelioma: Experiences and needs of patients and their carers regarding supportive care (2021)

Mesothelioma patients do not seem to have high needs for psychosocial support, whereas carers do. However, knowledge about and awareness of psychosocial support is low among mesothelioma patients. The findings from this study should be used to adjust guidelines for psychosocial support in mesothelioma patients and their carers.
Clinical Implications of Internal Carotid Arterial Tortuosity in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities (2022)

Abstract Background White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are observed frequently on MRI in elderly and associated with cognitive dysfunction. Many studies focused on intracranial small vessel disease (SVD), however, few studies linked WMHs with changes of extracranial large feeding arteries. We aimed to investigate the effects of internal carotid artery (ICA) tortuosity changes through quantitative MR Angiography. Method Fifty‐seven patients (age: 72.98±5.62; 32 females/25 males) with WMHs were included. WMHs lesions were semi‐automatically segmented on FLAIR images. ICAs were segmented on the TOF images to generate tortuosity quantitative metrics, including tortuosity index (TI), inflection count metric (ICM), and ICA angle ( Figure 1) . According to the Fazekas scores, patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe groups as summarized in Table 1 . One‐way ANOVA analyses were applied to reveal the difference of averaged bilateral ICAs' tortuosity measurements. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to quantitatively investigate the relationship between tortuosity and volumes of lesions that are apart from the ventricle in subcortical white matter, i.e., deep white matter lesions (DWMLs), as well as the lesions attached with the ventricular system, i.e., periventricular white matter lesions (PVWMLs). Result Patients with higher Fazekas scores have higher TI and ICM, indicating higher tortuosity ( Figure 2 ). The correlation results showed that TI and ICM were positively correlated with DWMLs volumes ( r = 0.33, P &lt; 0.05; r = 0.4, P &lt; 0.01), however, they did not show associations with PVWMLs. While there's no correlation between averaged bilateral ICA angles and DWMLs or PVWMLs, we found significant correlations between left ICA angles and DWML volumes on left brain (r =0.56, P &lt; 0.005) as well as between right ICA angles and DWML volumes on right brain (r = 0.49, P &lt; 0.05) ( Figure 3 ). Conclusion Tortuosity measurements derived from TOF images showed that subjects with higher degree of ICA tortuosity had higher lesion volumes of DWMLs not PVWMLs, indicating DWMLs may have different etiologies such as ischemic origin. The findings also highlight the importance of ICA angle as a risk factor for WMHs development which might be associated with the local hemodynamic shear stress at the bulb, where the ICA plaques are often developed.