gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of suppressed thyroid tissue by technetium-99m-tertiary butyl isonitrile: an alternative to post-TSH stimulation scanning. (1990)

The autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) is a discrete, nodular structure which operates independently of pituitary control and without relation to the remaining thyroid tissue. Presently, for the visualization of a suppressed thyroid lobe, a patient has to undergo the thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation test, which has several disadvantages. In this study we have used tertiary butyl isonitrile (99mTc-TBI), well known as a myocardial imaging agent, for visualization of the suppressed lobe. Thirteen of fourteen patients studied demonstrated a contralateral lobe on a 99mTc-TBI scan which was not visualized with a 99mTc0(4) or 131I scan. Although it is not possible to demonstrate the autonomous nature of the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule using 99mTc-TBI, we conclude that it is feasible to use this agent to visualize the lobe without the TSH test.
Load sharing in distributed real-time systems with state-change broadcasts (1989)

A decentralized, dynamic load sharing (LS) method based on state-change broadcasts is proposed for a distributed real-time system. Whenever the state of a node changes from underloaded to fully loaded and vice versa, the node broadcasts this change to a set of nodes, called a buddy set, in the system. The performance of the method is evaluated with both analytic modeling and simulation. It is modeled first by an embedded Markov chain for which numerical solutions are derived. The model solutions are then used to calculate the distribution of queue lengths at the nodes and the probability of meeting tasks deadlines. The analytical results show that buddy sets of ten nodes outperform those of less than ten nodes, and the incremental benefit gained from increasing the buddy set size beyond 15 nodes is insignificant. These and other analytical results are verified by simulation. The proposed LS method is shown to meet task deadlines with a very high probability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimal Control of Aeroacoustic Noise Generated by Cylinder Vortex Interaction (2002)

This paper presents an optimal control formulation and solution for an idealized Blade Vortex Interaction (BVI) problem. This problem consists of the interaction of an inviscid vortex pair with a circular cylinder in a steady Mach 0.3 uniform flow with wall-normal velocity used as control on the cylinder surface. This model problem captures the fundamental noise generation process of the BVI phenomena while mitigating many of the complexities of the full rotorcraft problem. The optimal control problem is solved using a gradient based method where gradient information is computed from a continuous adjoint analysis of the governing unsteady Euler equations. The BVI wave packet is targeted by defining an objective function that measures the square amplitude of pressure fluctuations in an observation region over a time interval of interest. When the observation region encloses the entire flow a 6 dB reduction in overall BVI noise is obtained. When the observation region is limited to the region of greatest BVI noise, a 13dB reduction is obtained. The optimal control, unlike most common mitigation methods, does not target the interaction directly — instead, the computed boundary control modulates the potential flow about the cylinder, producing a wave packet of the correct amplitude and phase to approximately cancel the BVI noise in the observation region.
Role of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Postischemic Recovery of Heart Contractile Function (2020)

Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which are converted to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (Ephx2, sEH). To examine the functional role of sEH in the heart, mice with targeted disruption of the Ephx2 gene were studied. Hearts from sEH null mice have undetectable levels of sEH mRNA and protein and cannot convert EETs to DHETs. sEH null mice have normal heart anatomy and basal contractile function, but have higher fatty acid epoxide:diol ratios in plasma and cardiomyocyte cell culture media compared with wild type (WT). sEH null hearts have improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and less infarction compared with WT hearts after 20 minutes ischemia. Perfusion with the putative EET receptor antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (10 to 100 nmol/L) before ischemia abolishes this cardioprotective phenotype. Inhibitor studies demonstrate that perfusion with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin (200 nmol/L) or LY294002 (5 μmol/L), the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor glibenclamide (1 μmol/L), the mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 to 200 μmol/L), or the Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel (KCa) inhibitor paxilline (10 μmol/L) abolishes the cardioprotection in sEH null hearts. Consistent with increased activation of the PI3K cascade, sEH null mice exhibit increased cardiac expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) phospho-protein after ischemia. Together, these data suggest that targeted disruption of sEH increases the availability of cardioprotective EETs that work by activating PI3K signaling pathways and K+ channels.
Lensless Imaging with Compressive Ultrafast Sensing (2016)

Lensless imaging is an important and challenging problem. One notable solution to lensless imaging is a single pixel camera which benefits from ideas central to compressive sampling. However, traditional single pixel cameras require many illumination patterns which result in a long acquisition process. Here we present a method for lensless imaging based on compressive ultrafast sensing. Each sensor acquisition is encoded with a different illumination pattern and produces a time series where time is a function of the photon's origin in the scene. Currently available hardware with picosecond time resolution enables time tagging photons as they arrive to an omnidirectional sensor. This allows lensless imaging with significantly fewer patterns compared to regular single pixel imaging. To that end, we develop a framework for designing lensless imaging systems that use ultrafast detectors. We provide an algorithm for ideal sensor placement and an algorithm for optimized active illumination patterns. We show that efficient lensless imaging is possible with ultrafast measurement and compressive sensing. This paves the way for novel imaging architectures and remote sensing in extreme situations where imaging with a lens is not possible.
Measuring channel balance in multi-channel radar receivers (2018)

Radar receivers with multiple receive channels generally strive to make the receive channels as ideal as possible, and as alike as possible. This is done via prudent hardware design, and system calibration. Towards that end, we require a quality metric for ascertaining the goodness of a radar channel, and its match to sibling channels. We propose a relevant and useable metric to do just that.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF D‐BIOTIN VIA DEHYDROBIOTIN (1979)

Abstract Kondensation des Carbaldehydesters (I) mit Me‐NO, und Mercaptoessigsäure führt zu dem Derivat (i)‐(IIa), dessen Behandlung mit (+)‐oz‐Methyl‐benzylamin das Enantiomere (S)‐(IIb) liefert, aus dem mit Dicyclohexylamin das reine Enantiomere (S)‐(IIc) erhalten wird.
Talent Recruiting Innovations and High Start-Ups (2020)

The talent management market is increasing rapidly, and the software and platform part of the market consists of recruitment tools,
Sequence-Signature Optimization Enables Improved Identification of Human HV6-1-Derived Class Antibodies That Neutralize Diverse Influenza A Viruses (2021)

Sequence signatures of multidonor broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies can be used to quantify the prevalence of B cells with virus-neutralizing potential to accelerate development of broadly protective vaccine strategies. Antibodies of the same class share similar recognition modes and developmental pathways, and several antibody classes have been identified that neutralize diverse group 1- and group 2-influenza A viruses and have been observed in multiple human donors. One such multidonor antibody class, the HV6-1-derived class, targets the stem region of hemagglutinin with extraordinary neutralization breadth. Here, we use an iterative process to combine informatics, biochemical, and structural analyses to delineate an improved sequence signature for HV6-1-class antibodies. Based on sequence and structure analyses of known HV6-1 class antibodies, we derived a more inclusive signature (version 1), which we used to search for matching B-cell transcripts from published next-generation sequencing datasets of influenza vaccination studies. We expressed selected antibodies, evaluated their function, and identified amino acid-level requirements from which to refine the sequence signature (version 2). The cryo-electron microscopy structure for one of the signature-identified antibodies in complex with hemagglutinin confirmed motif recognition to be similar to known HV6-1-class members, MEDI8852 and 56.a.09, despite differences in recognition-loop length. Threading indicated the refined signature to have increased accuracy, and signature-identified heavy chains, when paired with the light chain of MEDI8852, showed neutralization comparable to the most potent members of the class. Incorporating sequences of additional class members thus enables an improved sequence signature for HV6-1-class antibodies, which can identify class members with increased accuracy.
Simple distributed interference source localization for radio environment mapping (2010)

In order to construct a radio environmental map that can help navigating secondary communication in TV bands, we present a new method of interference source localization for cognitive radio networks. Our low-cost, high-precision localization method, operates without any prior knowledge of the interference source other than transmitter power. It can be divided into two steps: an estimation step at each sensor based on classical methods to estimate the angle of arrival and the received signal power, followed by an SNR-aided fusion. Simulation results show that tens of sensor nodes each having two antennas in a large-scale area setting are enough to achieve accurate location. The proposed location method is practical, economic and essential for blind interference source localization in cognitive radio networks.
Internode data communications in a parallel computer (2023)

Internode data communications in a parallel computer that includes compute nodes that each include main memory and a messaging unit, the messaging unit including computer memory and coupling compute nodes for data communications, in which, for each compute node at compute node boot time: a messaging unit allocates, in the messaging unit&#x27;s computer memory, a predefined number of message buffers, each message buffer associated with a process to be initialized on the compute node; receives, prior to initialization of a particular process on the compute node, a data communications message intended for the particular process; and stores the data communications message in the message buffer associated with the particular process. Upon initialization of the particular process, the process establishes a messaging buffer in main memory of the compute node and copies the data communications message from the message buffer of the messaging unit into the message buffer of main memory.
Surgical interventions for anterior shoulder instability in rugby players: A systematic review (2015)

Arthroscopic stabilization has been performed successfully in acute anterior instability and there is a preference for open Latarjet-type procedures when instability is associated with osseous defects.
Carbon metabolism in model microbial systems from a temperate salt marsh (1976)

The metabolism of a saltwater leachate of 14C-labeled Spartina alterniflora was examined in laboratory systems using mixed, salt marsh microbial communities and, by addition of appropriate antibiotics, communities with bacteria or eukaryotes inhibited. Label uptake was more rapid in the systems with bacteria alone and with the mixed microbial community than with fungi alone. Mineralization of the added label was more extensive in the mixed and bacterial systems, whereas the fungi appear more efficient at converting the label into particulate biomass. Particulate biomass production efficiencies ranged from a high of 0.82 for the fungal system to 0.21 in the mixed community, with the bacterial system giving an intermediate value of 0.54. The presence of protozoa and microcrustaceans in the mixed system appears to account for an increase in the mineralization of the label assimilated. Additional experiments with whole labeled Spartina, a leachate from Spartina, and Spartina after leaching revealed that the seawater-soluble portions of the plants were attacked most rapidly by the microbial community.
Novel High-Performance Analog Devices for Advanced Low-Power High-kMetal Gate Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Technology (2011)

High performance analog (HPA) devices in high-k metal gate (HKMG) scheme with innovative halo engineering have been successfully demonstrated to produce superior analog and digital performance for low power applications. HPA device was processed "freely" with no extra mask, no extra litho, and no extra process step. This paper details a comprehensive study of the analog and digital characteristics of these HPA devices in comparison with analog control (conventional digital devices with matched geometry). Analog properties such as output voltage gain (also called self-gain), trans-conductance Gm, conductance Gds, Gm/Id, mismatching (MM) behavior, flicker noise (1/f noise) and current linearity have clearly reflected the advantage of HPA devices over analog control, while DC performance (e.g., Ion–Ioff, Ioff–Vtsat, DIBL, Cjswg) and reliability (HCI) have also shown the comparability of HPA devices over control.
A New Low-Capacitance High-Voltage-Tolerant Protection Clamp for High-Speed Applications (2020)

A new low-capacitance clamp is introduced for high-voltage-tolerant and high-speed interface applications. An embedded stacking architecture is proposed to address latch-up-immune design requirements without degradation in the electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress-handling capability, leakage, or capacitance. Thanks to a parallel current conduction path activated during ESD stress, a state-of-the-art failure threshold current per unit area is obtained for high-voltage-tolerant interface applications in sub-28-nm CMOS process technologies. The device design concept introduced in this article facilitates the implementation of compact, high-performance interface applications, extended in general to protection clamp devices requiring a higher holding voltage.
Method for generating methane from a carbonaceous feedstock (2023)

The present invention provides a method for generating methane from a carbonaceous feedstock with simultaneous in situ sequestration of carbon dioxide to afford a biogas comprising at least 85 percent by volume methane, the method comprising anaerobically incubating a particulate additive in contact with a carbonaceous feedstock in a neutral or alkaline aqueous culture medium containing a culture of methanogenic consortia and collecting methane generated therefrom. The additive comprises at least one material selected from a biochar, an ash produced by gasification or combustion of a carbonaceous material, a black carbon soil, and a Terra Preta soil.
Field-testing protocols for evaluation of 3D imaging focal plane array ladar systems (2002)

Herein are discussed five straightforward field tests that are appropriate for evaluation of the performance of focal plane array (FPA) based ladar systems capable of generating high-resolution 3D imagery. The tests assess system level performance using traditional imaging targets and ladar specific targets. In addition, the tests allow comparisons to be made between the predicted performance of a ladar system and the actual performance. Analysis of actual field test ladar data is included based on appropriateness and availability of data. In the first test, range resolution is examined when the target is obscured by camouflage; the intent is to provide two pulse returns within the same instantaneous field of view (IFOV) and determine the source of the range report from different pixels within the range image with the emphasis on determining performance based on the pulse detection approach that is implemented. The second series of tests evaluates the lateral and range resolution of the FPA using standard modulation transfer function (MTF) and statistical approaches. The third test (Sect. 3.4) involves a moving target to introduce a dynamic version of the previous spatial frequency dependent tests. The fourth test (Sect. 3.5) assesses the system range performance as a function of received signal, essentially determining the performance of the system as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is varied. The fifth test (Sect. 3.6) assesses the uniformity of the range resolution and range accuracy of the FPA.
The asymmetric epoxidation of divinyl carbinols: theory and applications (1990)

The asymmetric epoxidation of symmetric divinyl carbinols is illustrative of a reaction process that combines an initial asymmetric synthesis with a subsequent kinetic resolution to provide products with extraordinary levels of enantiomeric purity. The application of this process to the asymmetric synthesis of natural products is presented herein.
Unstructured video-based rendering (2010)

We present an algorithm designed for navigating around a performance that was filmed as a "casual" multi-view video collection: real-world footage captured on hand held cameras by a few audience members. The objective is to easily navigate in 3D, generating a video-based rendering (VBR) of a performance filmed with widely separated cameras. Casually filmed events are especially challenging because they yield footage with complicated backgrounds and camera motion. Such challenging conditions preclude the use of most algorithms that depend on correlation-based stereo or 3D shape-from-silhouettes.
Reachability analysis for linear hybrid set-dynamics driven by random convex compact sets (2017)

This paper studies linear set-dynamics driven by random convex compact sets (RCCSs), where the parameter matrix evolves according to an underlying Markovian random process taking values in a finite set. We derive dynamics of the expectations of the associated reach sets. We establish that such expectations evolve according to coupled deterministic set-dynamics. We provide sufficient conditions for the convergence of the reach sets expectations. We also give conditions under which the reach sets remain asymptotically bounded with probability one. As an illustrative example, we apply our results to evaluate the expectations of the reach sets associated to the position of a quadrotor.
Assembly of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on DNA‐Origami Templates through Streptavidin–Biotin Interaction (2011)

Precise positioning of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on DNA-origami structures is achieved by utilization of simple streptavidin–biotin interactions. Assembly of both single CNT and CNT cross-junctions on DNA-origami templates with relatively high yield is demonstrated. The assembly of a single nanowire on a DNA-origami nanoscale template is potentially useful for sensing applications, whereas cross-junctions can be utilized for the fabrication of electrical devices (e.g., transistors). The simplicity and cost efficiency of the proposed method make it a promising tool for controlled and accurate assembly of devices and circuits on the nanoscale. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantum Machine Learning for Material Synthesis and Hardware Security (Invited Paper) (2022)

Using quantum computing, this paper addresses two scientifically-pressing and day to day-relevant problems, namely, chemical retrosynthesis which is an important step in drug/material discovery and security of semiconductor supply chain. We show that Quantum Long Short-Term Memory (QLSTM) is a viable tool for retrosynthesis. We achieve 65% training accuracy with QLSTM whereas classical LSTM can achieve 100%. However, in testing we achieve 80% accuracy with the QLSTM while classical LSTM peaks at only 70% accuracy! We also demonstrate an application of Quantum Neural Network (QNN) in the hardware security domain, specifically in Hardware Trojan (HT) detection using a set of power and area Trojan features. The QNN model achieves detection accuracy as high as 97.27%.
Natural diversity in the predatory behavior facilitates the establishment of a new robust model strain for nematode-trapping fungi (2019)

Abstract Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a group of specialized microbial predators that consume nematodes when food sources are limited. Predation is initiated when conserved nematode ascaroside pheromones are sensed, followed by the development of complex trapping devices. To gain insights into the co-evolution of this inter-kingdom predator-prey relationship, we investigated natural populations of nematodes and NTF, that we found to be ubiquitous in soils. Arthrobotrys species were sympatric with various nematode species and behaved as generalist predators. The ability to sense prey amongst wild isolates of A. oligospora varied greatly, as determined by the number of traps after exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans . While some strains were highly sensitive to C. elegans and the nematode pheromone ascarosides, others responded only weakly. Furthermore, strains that were highly sensitive to the nematode prey also developed traps faster. The polymorphic nature of trap formation correlated with competency in prey killing, as well as with the phylogeny of A. oligospora natural strains, calculated after assembly and annotation of the genomes of twenty isolates. A chromosome level genome assembly and annotation was established for one of the most sensitive wild isolate, and deletion of the only G protein β subunit-encoding gene of A. oligospora nearly abolished trap formation, implicating G protein signaling in predation. In summary, our study establishes a highly responsive A. oligospora wild isolate as a novel model strain for the study of fungal-nematode interactions and demonstrates that trap formation is a fitness character in generalist predators of the NTF family. Significance statement Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are carnivorous microbes that hold potential to be used as biological control agents due to their ability to consume nematodes. In this work we show that NTF are ubiquitous generalist predators found in sympatry with their prey in soil samples. Wild isolates of NTF displayed a naturally diverse ability to execute their predatory lifestyle. We generated a large whole genome sequencing dataset for many of the fungal isolates that will serve as the basis of future projects isolates. In particular, we establish TWF154, a highly responsive strain of Arthrobotrys oligospora , as a model strain to study the genetics of NTF. Lastly, we provide evidence that G-protein signaling is necessary for trap induction in NTF.