gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nano and micro structures produced from carbon rich fly ash as effective lubricant additives for 150SN base oil (2018)

Lubricant oils in cars engines are essential components for reducing friction and fuel consumption. The lubrication process can be improved by including effective additives. Carbon nanostructures have been recognized as excellent additives in lubricant oils. Amongst them carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced from carbon rich fly ash, are found to have excellent tribological properties in the sunflower base oil. In this work, these CNTs along with other micro and nanostructures produced from carbon rich fly ash are tested as lubricant additives in the 150SN base oil. The impregnated oils with these additives are evaluated to reduce the friction between two metallic surfaces using the ball-on-disk tribometer. The obtained results showed that CNTs of fly ash have significantly reduced the frictional coefficient by around 25% at a concentration of 0.1 wt%. This result is much better than that of the other fly ash micro and nanostructures produced by sonication and ball milling techniques. It is also compared with that of a commercial multiwall CNTs and is found to be superior. The friction coefficient values are investigated as a function of load and temperature. Moreover, the rheological behavior is also studied for the pure and 0.1 wt% CNTs-impregnated oil. No significant changes are observed in the viscosity of the impregnated oil. The present CNTs of carbon rich fly ash have been proved to be effective additives for the 150SN lubricant oil, and might be useful for variety of lubricants.
Merging MPEG-7 descriptors for image content analysis (2004)

A segmentation algorithm for image content analysis is presented. We assume that the textures in a video scene can be labeled subjectively relevant or irrelevant. Relevant textures are defined as containing subjectively meaningful details, while irrelevant textures can be seen as image content with less important subjective details. We apply this idea to video coding using a texture analyzer and a texture synthesizer. The texture analyzer (encoder side) identifies the texture regions with unimportant subjective details and generates side information for the texture synthesizer (decoder side), which in turn inserts synthetic textures at the specified locations. The focus of this paper is the texture analyzer, which uses multiple MPEG-7 descriptors simultaneously for similarity estimation. The texture analyzer is based on a split and merge segmentation approach. Its current implementation yields an identification rate of up to 96% and an average gain of up to 10% compared to single descriptor usage.
Flux-tunable phase shifter for microwaves (2017)

We introduce a magnetic-flux-tunable phase shifter for propagating microwave photons, based on three equidistant superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) on a transmission line. We experimentally implement the phase shifter and demonstrate that it produces a broad range of phase shifts and full transmission within the experimental uncertainty. Together with previously demonstrated beam splitters, this phase shifter can be utilized to implement arbitrary single-qubit gates for qubits based on propagating microwave photons. These results complement previous demonstrations of on-demand single-photon sources and detectors, and hence assist in the pursuit of an all-microwave quantum computer based on propagating photons.
II-07 Generation of cell distance mapping plus (CDM+): mapping cognate T cell: dendritic cell interactions and their relationship to cell shape (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> We developed Cell Distance Mapping (CDM) to study tubulointerstitial inflammation in human lupus nephritis biopsies. Using CDM, we were able to translate proximal distance measurements of T:B cell pairs to their functional state in human tissue. One criticism of our work was that it could be considered descriptive. To address this, we utilise an animal model, wherein the antigen specificity of cells can be controlled. Using this, we wanted to expand CDM to the study of innate and adaptive immune responses, chief among which are T cell:Dendritic cell (DC) interactions. We also wanted to incorporate measures of cell shape parameters to improve our ability to distinguish cognate from non-cognate interactions. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> An adoptive triple transfer mouse model was utilised, with each population labelled with fluorescent cell trackers: pigeon cytochrome C-pulsed and LPS-activated dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-specific T cells, and wild type T cells. After transfer, cervical lymph nodes were subjected to two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) analysis, frozen at −80 °C, and further subjected to CDM analysis. A total of 79 images from the lymph nodes of 5 animals was used. The results were analysed with respect to global cell shape, as visualised by freely diffusible cell trackers for T cells. This was superimposed on CDM data for interactions between respective T cell subsets and dendritic cells. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis of 512×512 pixel images, representing 640 ×magnification views, revealed significant differences at &lt;0.27 μm (8.70 vs 3.22%, p = 0.028), &lt;1 μm (11.7 vs 3.70%, p = 0.01), and &lt;2 μm (13.1 vs 5.26%, p = 0.031) distance cutoffs comparing antigen specific T cell:DC interactions versus WT T cell:DC interactions. Our results compared favourably with arrest coefficient calculation performed on TPEM data (mean of 0.06 vs 0.26, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). Global cell shape analysis did not reveal any additional statistically significant differences. Increasing acquisition resolution to 1024×1024 pixels revealed the following measurements that distinguished between the two T cell subsets: area (p &lt; 0.0001), circularity (p &lt; 0.0001), perimeter to area ratio (p &lt; 0.0001), aspect ratio to area ratio (p &lt; 0.0001). Each variables\ was controlled for area to ensure that observed findings were not due to global differences between the two respective T cell subsets or influenced by variances in wavelengths, utilised to visualise individual cell trackers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data shows that CDM is able to reliably identify cognate interactions on par with TPEM, using distance as the main measurement. The addition of global cell shape parameter measurements helped to further distinguish cognate from non-cognate interactions at the same distance measurements. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Vladimir Liarski is supported by NIH NIAMS K08 AR068421. Marcus Clark is supported by NIH grants U19 AI082724 and AR55646.
An Expanded Set of Fluorogenic Sulfatase Activity Probes (2014)

Fluorogenic probes that are activated by an enzymatic transformation are ideally suited for profiling enzyme activities in biological systems. Here, we describe two fluorogenic enzyme probes, 3-O-methylfluorescein-sulfate and resorufin-sulfate, that can be used to detect sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. Both probes were validated with a set of commercial sulfatases and used to reveal species-specific sulfatase banding patterns in a gel-resolved assay of mycobacterial lysates. The fluorogenic probes described here are suitable for various assays and provide a starting point for creating new sulfatase probes with improved selectivity for mycobacterial sulfatases.
Optical Properties of Sputtered Tantalum Nitride Films Determined by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2006)

Tantalum and tantalum nitride thin films are routinely applied as diffusion barriers in state-of-the-art metallization systems of microelectronic devices. In this work, such films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon and oxidized silicon substrates and studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range from 190&nbsp;nm to 2.55&nbsp;&mu;m. The complex refractive index for thick films (75 to 380&nbsp;nm) was modeled using a Lorentz-Drude approach. These models were applied to film stacks of 20&nbsp;nm TaN&nbsp;/&nbsp;20&nbsp;nm&nbsp;Ta on unoxidized and thermally oxidized Si. With free oscillator parameters, accurate values of the film thicknesses were obtained according to cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements. At the same time, a strong variation of the optical properties with film thickness and substrate was observed.
Development of a Tool to Measure the Pressure Comfort of a Cap (II) — by the Analysis of Correlation Between Objective Pressure and Subjective Wearing Sensation (2007)

A tool to evaluate the subjective wearing comfort of baseball caps from the objective measurement of pressure was developed. Comfortable fittability index (CFI) and holding power (HP) were defined to represent the subjective wearing comfort of caps. In order to define the CFI, average pressure and pressure distribution of cap pressure were obtained and subjective sensations were evaluated by wearing test. Two sets of caps were evaluated, one set made of elastic fabric (F-caps) and the other set made of non-elastic fabric (S-caps). F-caps exerted lower average pressure and smaller pressure distribution. In wearing test results, F-caps were comfortable within the wide rage of the cap size. From the results obtained, we tried to find the statistical relationship between the objective pressure and HP or CFI values. HP values increased with the increase of average pressure and also with pressure distribution, regardless of the textile properties. We analyzed the regression equation to estimate HP and pressure sensation utilizing average pressure and pressure distribution, and constructed the regression equation to estimate CFI using the calculated pressure sensation. We programed such estimated data in an algorithm and connected the measuring equipment of a cap pressure. Finally, a tool was developed to measure comfort and HP of a baseball cap from measuring the pressure inside caps.
Impotence after Radical Prostatectomy (2016)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCommentary1 Feb 2017Impotence after Radical Prostatectomy Arthur L. Burnett Arthur L. BurnettArthur L. Burnett More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.027AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Impotence after Radical Prostatectomy." The Journal of Urology, 197(2S), pp. S171–S172 References 1 : Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and prevention. J Urol1982; 128: 492. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Radical prostatectomy with preservation of sexual function: anatomical and pathological considerations. Prostate1983; 4: 473. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 3 : Changes in prostate cancer incidence and treatment in USA. Lancet1994; 343: 251. Google Scholar 4 : Neuroanatomical approach to radical cystoprostatectomy with preservation of sexual function. J Urol1987; 138: 1402. Link, Google Scholar 5 : A critical analysis of the current knowledge of surgical anatomy related to optimization of cancer control and preservation of continence and erection in candidates for radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol2010; 57: 179. Google Scholar 6 : Neuromodulatory therapy to improve erectile function recovery outcomes after pelvic surgery. J Urol2006; 176: 882. Link, Google Scholar © 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 2SFebruary 2017Page: S171-S172 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arthur L. Burnett More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
n-type conversion of SnS by isovalent ion substitution: Geometrical doping as a new doping route (2015)

Tin monosulfide (SnS) is a naturally p-type semiconductor with a layered crystal structure, but no reliable n-type SnS has been obtained by conventional aliovalent ion substitution. In this work, carrier polarity conversion to n-type was achieved by isovalent ion substitution for polycrystalline SnS thin films on glass substrates. Substituting Pb(2+) for Sn(2+) converted the majority carrier from hole to electron, and the free electron density ranged from 10(12) to 10(15) cm(-3) with the largest electron mobility of 7.0 cm(2)/(Vs). The n-type conduction was confirmed further by the position of the Fermi level (EF) based on photoemission spectroscopy and electrical characteristics of pn heterojunctions. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Pb substitution invokes a geometrical size effect that enlarges the interlayer distance and subsequently reduces the formation energies of Sn and Pb interstitials, which results in the electron doping.
Data from Anti-DLL4 Has Broad Spectrum Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Dependent on Targeting DLL4-Notch Signaling in Both Tumor and Vasculature Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We previously showed that targeting Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in colon and breast tumors inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor initiating cell frequency. In this report, we have extended these studies to pancreatic cancer and probed the mechanism of action in tumor and stromal cells involved in antitumor efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patient-derived pancreatic xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of anti-DLL4. To investigate the mechanism of action, we compared the activity of targeting DLL4 in tumor cells with an anti-human DLL4 antibody (anti-hDLL4) and in the host stroma/vasculature with an anti-mouse DLL4 antibody (anti-mDLL4). The effect of these antibodies on cancer stem cell frequency was examined by &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; limiting dilution assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The combination of anti-hDLL4 and anti-mDLL4 was efficacious in a broad spectrum of pancreatic tumor xenografts and showed additive antitumor activity together with gemcitabine. Treatment with either anti-hDLL4 or anti-mDLL4 delayed pancreatic tumor recurrence following termination of gemcitabine treatment, and the two together produced an additive effect. Anti-hDLL4 had a pronounced effect in reducing the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells based on serial transplantation and tumorsphere assays. In contrast, disruption of tumor angiogenesis with anti-mDLL4 alone or with anti-VEGF had minimal effects on tumorigenicity. Gene expression analyses indicated that anti-DLL4 treatment regulated genes that participate in Notch signaling, pancreatic differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer treatment through antagonism of DLL4/Notch signaling. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5374–86. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of Co-based boride superconductor LaCo1.73Fe0.27B2 (2012)

We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of Co-based boride superconductor LaCo${}_{1.73}$Fe${}_{0.27}$B${}_{2}$ (${T}_{c}=4.1$ K), which is isostructural to the 122-type Fe-pnictide superconductor with the pnictogen atom being replaced with boron. We found that the Fermi level is located at a dip in the density of states (DOS) in contrast to Co-pnictide ferromagnets. This reduction in DOS together with the strong Co 3$d$-B 2$p$ covalent bonding removes the ferromagnetic order and may cause the superconductivity. The energy bands near the Fermi level show higher three dimensionality and a weaker electron-correlation effect than those of Fe pnictides. The Fermi surface topology is considerably different from that of Fe pnictides, suggesting the difference in the superconducting mechanism between boride and pnictide superconductors.
Incorporating Spatial Information Into Entropy Estimates to Improve Multimodal Image Registration (2006)

We propose an approach to incorporate spatial information into the estimate of the entropy of an image by partitioning a high-dimensional space into regions over which a one-dimensional histogram can be indexed. This approach obviates the need for the construction of high-dimensional histograms and makes no assumptions on the form of the high-dimensional probability mass function. We use this partitioned estimate of entropy to compute image similarity measures, useful in image registration, and we examine the convergence properties of the registration process
Theory of isotropic shifts in the nmr of paramagnetic materials: Part I (1974)

This article shows the isotropic shift includes nuclear resonance shifts arising from two different interactions: the "Fermi hyperfine contact" or "scalar" interaction and the electron-nuclear "dipolar" or "pseudocontact" interaction.
Nonlocal Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy in the Near Field (2021)

Scattering-type near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has enabled subwavelength spectroscopy measurements on a wide variety of materials and over a large spectral range. These tip-based measurements are of particular interest in the long wavelength regimes, where the study of individual nanoscale samples is very challenging. The combination of s-SNOM techniques with short pulse durations has opened a new realm of possibilities in which nanosystems can be characterized with both high spatial and temporal resolution, for example via optical-pump, terahertz-probe measurements. Here, we demonstrate the first “nonlocal” pump–probe measurement using a scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy technique, in which the pump spot is laterally displaced from the probe location. We observe nonlocal effects corresponding to this pump–probe offset, associated with carrier drift into the s-SNOM near-field probe region.
Factors that Determine the in vivo Dose-Response Relationship for Stable Chromosome Aberrations in A-Bomb Survivors (1992)

An overview is given of the dose-response relationship for stable chromosome aberrations (i.e., translocations and inversions) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima. Special emphasis is placed on (i) the overdispersion of survivor cases with either unexpectedly high or low aberration frequencies relative to the estimated DS86 kerma values assigned to individual survivors, termed "cytogenetic outliers", and (ii) the correlation of chromosome aberration frequencies with other biological endpoints, such as acute radiation symptoms (severe epilation). A new molecular biological technique, known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with composite, whole-chromosome probes to paint differentially the target chromosomes, has facilitated rapid, efficient, and extensive scoring of translocation-type chromosome aberrations in which the target chromosomes are involved. Using this methodology, the observed findings on translocation frequencies in A-bomb survivors have shown that the frequency of stable chromosome aberrations, which have persisted for years without change in frequency in irradiated persons, is indeed useful as an indicator for biological dosimetry.
Dynamic ramp rate control for voltage regulation in distribution systems with high penetration photovoltaic power generations (2014)

Multiple voltage regulating devices, such as on-load tap changer (OLTC), step voltage regulators (SVRs), switching capacitors banks work in tandem with each other to regulate voltage in the distribution network. These conventional devices are based on volt/var optimization strategies that work in a time coordinated method. However, in case of distribution systems with Photovoltaic (PV) generations, a dynamically responsive voltage regulating device is required. Case studies are performed investigating voltage regulation at the PV bus during ramp up/down case. An alternate method using an energy storage device to regulate the target PV bus voltage during ramp up/down of PV power is proposed. A novel ramp rate control algorithm based on the current state of charge is also discussed. A benchmark MV distribution network model is developed and simulated in PSCAD/EMTD environment and the results validate the proposed coordinated voltage control strategy.
A Comprehensive Approach to the Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Si and GaAs in the Near-Infrared Spectral Region (2021)

The third-order nonlinear optical coefficients of Si and GaAs have been characterized in the near-infrared using a comprehensive approach to ensure accuracy and to address the large variation in the published coefficients.
Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of Anacardium occidentale Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors (2023)

Preparing electrode materials plays an essential role in the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. In general, heteroatom doping in carbon-based electrode materials enhances the electrochemical properties. Herein, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur co-doped porous carbon (PC) materials were prepared by direct pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (AO) nut-skin waste for high-performance supercapacitor applications. The as-prepared AO-PC material possessed interconnected micropore/mesopore structures and exhibited a high specific surface area of 615 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>. The Raman spectrum revealed a moderate degree of graphitization of AO-PC materials. These superior properties of the as-prepared AO-PC material help to deliver high specific capacitance. After fabricating the working electrode, the electrochemical performances including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> aqueous solution using a three-electrode configuration for supercapacitor applications. The AO-PC material delivered a high specific capacitance of 193 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>. The AO-PC material demonstrated <97% capacitance retention even after 10,000 cycles of charge-discharge at the current density of 5 A g<sup>-1</sup>. All the above outcomes confirmed that the as-prepared AO-PC from AO nut-skin waste via simple pyrolysis is an ideal electrode material for fabricating high-performance supercapacitors. Moreover, this work provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy for adding value to biomass waste by a simple pyrolysis route.
Low-Temperature Molecular Vapor Deposition of Ultrathin Metal Oxide Dielectric for Low-Voltage Vertical Organic Field Effect Transistors (2013)

We demonstrate a low-temperature layer-by-layer formation of a metal-oxide-only (AlOx) gate dielectric to attain low-voltage operation of a self-assembly based vertical organic field effect transistor (VOFET). The AlOx deposition method results in uniform films characterized by high quality dielectric properties. Pin-hole free ultrathin layers with thicknesses ranging between 1.2 and 24 nm feature bulk dielectric permittivity, εAlOx, of 8.2, high breakdownfield (>8 MV cm(-1)), low leakage currents (<10(-7) A cm(-2) at 3MV cm(-1)), and high capacitance (up to 1 μF cm(-2)). We show the benefits of the tunable surface properties of the oxide-only dielectric utilized here, in facilitating the subsequent nanostructuring steps required to realize the VOFET patterned source electrode. Optimal wetting properties enable the directional block-copolymer based self-assembly patterning, as well as the formation of robust and continuous ultrathin metallic films. Supported by computer modeling, the vertical architecture and the methods demonstrated here offer a simple, low-cost, and free of expensive lithography route for the realization of low-voltage (VGS/DS≤3 V), low-power, and potentially high-frequency large-area electronics.