gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glial Promoter Selectivity following AAV-Delivery to the Immature Brain (2013)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are versatile tools for gene transfer to the central nervous system (CNS) and proof-of-concept studies in adult rodents have shown that the use of cell type-specific promoters is sufficient to target AAV-mediated transgene expression to glia. However, neurological disorders caused by glial pathology usually have an early onset. Therefore, modelling and treatment of these conditions require expanding the concept of targeted glial transgene expression by promoter selectivity for gene delivery to the immature CNS. Here, we have investigated the AAV-mediated green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression driven by the myelin basic protein (MBP) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoters in the developing mouse brain. Generally, the extent of transgene expression after infusion at immature stages was widespread and higher than in adults. The GFAP promoter-driven GFP expression was found to be highly specific for astrocytes following vector infusion to the brain of neonates and adults. In contrast, the selectivity of the MBP promoter for oligodendrocytes was poor following neonatal AAV delivery, but excellent after vector injection at postnatal day 10. To extend these findings obtained in naïve mice to a disease model, we performed P10 infusions of AAV-MBP-GFP in aspartoacylase (ASPA)-deficient mouse mutants presenting with early onset oligodendrocyte pathology. Spread of GFP expression and selectivity for oligodendrocytes in ASPA-mutants was comparable with our observations in normal animals. Our data suggest that direct AAV infusion to the developing postnatal brain, utilising cellular promoters, results in targeted and long-term transgene expression in glia. This approach will be relevant for disease modelling and gene therapy for the treatment of glial pathology.
Loss Breakdown of a Dual Conical Rotor Permanent Magnet Motor Using Grain Oriented Electrical Steel and Soft Magnetic Composites (2019)

This paper provides a loss breakdown of the NovaMAX® 215 frame, 1800 rpm motor at 5 kW. Mechanical losses, copper loss, and various types of electromagnetic losses are identified through experiment and simulation. The motor is able to achieve a very high efficiency, up to 96% at some operating points. A comparison with another highly efficient permanent magnet motor illustrates the benefits of the dual rotor axial flux topology, the use of grain oriented electrical steel, and the conical air gap and rotor flux focusing topology together with ferrite magnets. Additionally, a motor with a variable air gap was tested at different air gaps, and its losses are shown. At low speed and high torque, the losses are minimized with relatively small air gaps. However, at higher speeds and lower torques, the optimal air gaps are larger.
Metal complexes of a quadridentate macrocycle with only sulphur donor atoms (1969)

W. Rosen and D. H. Busch, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 148 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000148
Star Polymers with Alternating Arms from Miktofunctional μ-Initiators Using Consecutive Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization (2001)

The synthesis of unique miktofunctional μ-initiators, combining initiator sites for both controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) arranged in an alternating fashion, is described. This initiator was used to prepare miktoarm star block copolymers in a core-out approach utilizing consecutive ATRP and ROP processes. NMR and GPC studies on the block copolymers comprising poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) confirm the versatility of this approach which is independent of the order of polymerization. Furthermore, amphiphilic alternating arm block copolymers containing poly(caprolactone) and poly(acrylic acid) blocks were also prepared by this method.
Ectopic models for endochondral ossification: comparing pellet and alginate bead culture methods (2017)

Key aspects of native endochondral bone development and fracture healing can be mimicked in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through standard in vitro chondrogenic induction. Exploiting this phenomenon has recently emerged as an attractive technique to engineer bone tissue, however, relatively little is known about the best conditions for doing so. The objective of the present study was to compare the bone-forming capacity and angiogenic induction of hypertrophic cell constructs containing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) primed for chondrogenesis in two different culture systems: high-density pellets and alginate bead hydrogels. The hASC constructs were subjected to 4 weeks of identical chondrogenic induction in vitro, encapsulated in an agarose carrier, and then implanted subcutaneously in immune-compromised mice for 8 weeks to evaluate their endochondral potential. At the time of implantation, both pellets and beads expressed aggrecan and type II collagen, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type X collagen. Interestingly, ASCs in pellets formed a matrix containing higher glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents than that in beads, and ALP activity per cell was higher in pellets. However, after 8 weeks in vivo, pellets and beads induced an equivalent volume of mineralized tissue and a comparable level of vascularization. Although osteocalcin and osteopontin-positive osteogenic tissue and new vascular growth was found within both types of constructs, all appeared to be better distributed throughout the hydrogel beads. The results of this ectopic model indicate that hydrogel culture may be an attractive alternative to cell pellets for bone tissue engineering via the endochondral pathway.
Expression of the Human Germinal Center-Associated Lymphoma (HGAL) Protein, a New Marker of Germinal Center B Cell Derivation. (2004)

Abstract We identified the Human Germinal center-Associated Lymphoma (HGAL) gene in gene expression profiling studies of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The expression of HGAL was correlated with survival of patients with this diagnosis. The HGAL gene is the human homologue of M17, a mouse gene that had been previously identified to be expressed specifically in normal germinal center B cells. Here we generated a monoclonal antibody against the HGAL protein and show that HGAL is expressed in the cytoplasm of GC-lymphocytes and in lymphomas considered to be derived from the GC. Among 718 lymphomas tested by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, staining for HGAL protein was present in 97% (103/107) of follicular lymphoma, 100% (40/40) of Burkitt lymphoma, 87% (7/8) of mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma and 70% (103/151) of DLBCL. Nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphomas lacked HGAL expression. Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin (70%, 12/17) and, surprisingly, a majority of cases of classical Hodgkin (73%, 78/107) lymphomas were found to be positive. Double-immunohistologic labeling experiments show that HGAL protein expression overlaps with the expression of BCL6 and CD10 proteins within GCs. Hierarchical clustering of comparative immunohistologic results in 151 cases of DLBCL demonstrates that the expression of HGAL is similar to two other GC-associated proteins BCL6 and CD10, but different from two markers associated with a non-GC phenotype, MUM1/IRF4 and BCL2. The restricted expression and GC-specificity of HGAL protein suggest that it may have an important role in the diagnosis of specific lymphomas, and, potentially in the identification of subtypes associated with different prognoses.
Long-Lived Antitumor CD8+ Lymphocytes for Adoptive Therapy Generated Using an Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell (2007)

With clinical grade aAPC(33) in hand, we are now poised for clinical translation of ex vivo generated antitumor CTL for adoptive cell transfer.
Product Ion Spectrum (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Morphology and excited state dynamics in thin organic molecular films probed by femtosecond time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (1999)

We have studied the lifetimes of the excited electron states of thin N,N′bis(phenethyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (DPEP) films, prepared in situ, using femtosecond time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. DPEP is an organic compound similar to photoreceptor materials widely used in many imaging applications. By controlling the evaporation conditions, we have been able to grow films of different morphologies, and found that the relaxation dynamics depends on the morphology. We have investigated two distinct films characterized by very different absorption spectra. We have found that for the film with absorption maximum at 500 nm, a typical lifetime is 55 fs at 2.1 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital level. For the other film with absorption maximum at 630 nm, the relaxation rate is almost twice as fast, resulting in a lifetime of 30 fs at the same energy. We attribute the extremely short lifetimes to a rapid internal conversion process from S2 and S1 levels to the vibrational manifolds of S1 and S0 states and the vibrational relaxation of the latter. The dependence of the lifetimes on the morphology can be explained by the formation of extended states in the better-ordered DPEP film and by fast transitions within these states.
Typical crosscorrelation between two eyes found in fluctuation of accommodation but not in aberrations (2008)

We investigated time series of measurements of accommodation and monochromatic wave aberrations (WA) for both eyes. We measured WA for both eyes using an open-view binocular Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor. A landscape picture was presented at the far point of each subject. Two normal subjects in their thirties and a presbyopic subject were measured. We didn't find strong crosscorrelations between any two Zernike modes in one eye and in the same Zernike mode between two eyes; however strong crosscorrelations were found in the accommodation of normal subjects.
Analysis of the Neurotoxin Complex Genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 Strains: BoNT/A3, /Ba4 and /B1 Clusters Are Located within Plasmids (2007)

Despite their size differences and the BoNT genes they contain, the three plasmids containing these toxin cluster genes share significant sequence identity. The presence of partial insertion sequence (IS) elements, evidence of recombination/gene duplication events, and the discovery of the BoNT/A3, BoNT/Ba4 and BoNT/B1 toxin complex genes within plasmids illustrate the different mechanisms by which these genes move among diverse genetic backgrounds of C. botulinum.
Antenna-coupled MOM diodes for dual-band detection in MMW and LWIR (2004)

An antenna-coupled metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diode for dual-band Infrared (IR)-millimeter wave (MMW) detection is presented. Electron-beam lithography and conventional sputtering techniques were used to fabricate a Ni-NiO-Ni diode coupled to an Infrared slot antenna at 28 THz and a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed MMW twin slot antenna at 94 GHz; simultaneous dual-band detection was tested and verified.
Abstract A13: Anti-CD38-attenukine: A myeloma-targeting immunocytokine containing an engineered IFNα that provides &gt;10,000-fold enhanced tumor-specific activity compared to native IFNα. (2015)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite recent approvals of novel therapies. Treatments which utilize alkylating agents, corticosteroids, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs have provided significant survival benefits; however, tumor relapse eventually occurs with the use of these agents. The cytokine, interferon-α (IFNα), has been used clinically to treat MM for over 30 years. IFNα exerts good anti-myeloma tumor activity but durable responses are rarely achieved due to dose limiting toxicities. Tumor specificity can be modestly increased by attaching IFNα to an anti-CD38 antibody, thus targeting the cytokine to MM cells. However, by introducing an attenuating mutation to the IFNα portion of this fusion protein, the activity of the cytokine is dramatically reduced on CD38 negative cells while exhibiting a similar potency to native IFNα on CD38+ MM cells. As a result, the anti-CD38-attenuated IFNα, referred to as anti-CD38-attenukine™, has over 10,000-fold greater myeloma-specificity than native IFNα in vitro. In vivo, even though the off-target activity is decreased, anti-CD38-attenukine™ has profound anti-tumor effects in murine MM and NHL xenograft models. Treatment with this fusion protein can cure mice with large (&amp;gt;700mm3) tumors—an effect not observed with any other MM agents tested. Here we report that in a Velcade (bortezomib) refractory, IFNα-insensitive primary MM xenograft model, the combination of Velcade with anti-CD38-attenukine™ has potent anti-tumor activity, resulting in tumour elimination and curing of mice. Our findings indicate that anti-CD38-attenukine™ may be a well tolerated, potent anti-MM treatment that may be utilized alone or in combination with Velcade. Citation Format: Sarah Pogue, Tetsuya Taura, Mingying Bi, Glen Mikesell, Yong Yun, Angela Sho, Eric Sanchez, Haiming Chen, James Berenson, Collette Behrens, Maxwell Stevens, Teresa Domagala, Maya Sokolovsky, Hussein Hallak, Moti Rosenstock, Anthony Doyle, David Wilson. Anti-CD38-attenukine: A myeloma-targeting immunocytokine containing an engineered IFNα that provides &amp;gt;10,000-fold enhanced tumor-specific activity compared to native IFNα. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Evaluation of scintillation and PL properties of Ag-doped ZnO translucent ceramics (2022)

Abstract The 0.1% Ag-doped ZnO translucent ceramic was synthesized by spark plasma sintering and annealed at 700 °C and 800 °C in the air for 24 h. Photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields ( QY s) and scintillation light yields ( LY s) of the annealed ceramics were increased as compared with the as-prepared ceramic because the annealing reduced self-absorption due to oxygen vacancies. The ceramic annealed at 700 °C indicated the highest LY (7000 ph/5.5 MeV- α ) among the present samples owing to the increase of the PL QY and energy-transfer efficiency from the host to the luminescence centers. In the ceramic annealed at 800 °C, scintillation LY s decreased due to the increment of the number of trap sites.
Using Forced Chromatin Looping To Overcome Developmental Silencing Of Embryonic and Fetal β-Type Globin Genes In Adult Erythroid Cells (2013)

Abstract The β-genes undergo developmental activation and silencing in part by competing for their upstream enhancer, the locus control region (LCR). In adult erythroid cells, the LCR contacts the β-globin gene promoter by forming a loop that precludes interaction with the embryonic and fetal β-type globin genes. Reversing this developmental gene expression switch in favor of embryonic/fetal genes has therapeutic implications for patients with hemoglobinopathies. Here we employed a forced chromatin looping approach to activate the silenced murine embryonic βh1-globin gene and the human fetal γ-globin gene in adult erythroid cells. We have previously shown that forced recruitment via artificial zinc finger proteins of Ldb1, a protein necessary for long-range chromatin interactions at the β-globin locus, can trigger chromatin loop formation and transcription initiation. Here, we designed a zinc finger protein targeting the βh1 promoter, fused it to the self-association domain of Ldb1 (βh1-Ldb1), and introduced it into an adult murine erythroid cell line that normally produces nearly 100% adult β-globin. βh1-Ldb1 expression activated βh1-globin transcription up to 3000-fold accounting for ∼20% of total β-globin expression. βh1-Ldb1 similarly increased expression of βh1-globin in fetal liver derived primary erythroid cells. These results are striking given the degree to which murine embryonic globin genes are normally repressed. To test whether the activity βh1-Ldb1 was due to a looped interaction of the βh1 promoter with the LCR, we introduced βh1-Ldb1 into fetal liver derived erythroblasts from mice in which the LCR had been deleted. βh1-Ldb1 was virtually inactive in the absence of the LCR, demonstrating the dependence on the LCR and, by inference, long range looping of βh1-Ldb1 function. We next extended this approach to the human β-globin locus in an effort to activate expression of the fetal γ-globin gene in adult erythroid cells. Ldb1 was fused to a previously described γ-globin promoter binding zinc finger protein, GG1, to generate GG1-Ldb1. Introduction of GG1-Ldb1 into adult primary human erythroid cells strongly activated γ-globin expression with a concomitant reduction in β-globin transcription. Strikingly, γ-globin accounted for nearly 90% of total β-type globin transcription. Furthermore, fetal hemoglobin expression was nearly pan-cellular as determined by flow cytometry. These results demonstrate the power of forced chromatin looping to reprogram developmental regulation of gene expression, and provide a novel proof of concept for activating the γ-globin gene for the benefit of patients with hemoglobinopathies. Disclosures: Gregory: Sangamo BioSciences: Employment. Reik:Sangamo BioSciences: Employment.
Compact modeling of gate leakage phenomenon in GaN HEMTs (2020)

This paper implements a physically derived compact model of current conduction and gate leakage in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The drain-source current conduction through the device is described using the surface potential based virtual-source model applicable for scaled gate length devices. The gate leakage model includes contributions from thermal emission (TE), trap-assisted tunneling (TAT), Poole Frenkel (PF) emission, and Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling. The full I-V model is applied to fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with SiN passivation and excellent agreement of the model against measured data is demonstrated over a broad bias and temperature range from 298 K to 573 K.
SSBI-Free Photonic Armstrong Method for Ultra-Wideband PM Signal Generation (2020)

We propose a novel scheme to generate a wideband PM signal using a photonic Armstrong method, accomplishing both bandwidth expansion and the total elimination of SSBI simultaneously. We experimentally confirm the validity of the concept and demonstrate a 60-GHz-class PM signal generation.
Multirate Audio-Integrated Feedback Active Noise Control Systems Using Decimated-Band Adaptive Filters for Reducing Narrowband Noises (2020)

Audio-integrated feedback active noise control (AFANC) systems deliver wideband audio signals and cancel low frequency narrowband noises simultaneously. The conventional AFANC system uses single-rate processing with fullband adaptive active noise control (ANC) filter for generating anti-noise signal and fullband audio cancelation filter for audio-interference cancelation. The conventional system requires a high sampling rate for audio processing. Thus, the fullband adaptive filters require long filter lengths, resulting in high computational complexity and impracticality in real-time system. This paper proposes a multirate AFANC system using decimated-band adaptive filters (DAFs) to decrease the required filter lengths. The decimated-band adaptive ANC filter is updated by the proposed decimated filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm, and the decimated-band audio cancelation filter can be obtained by the proposed on-line and off-line decimated secondary-path modeling algorithms. The computational complexity can be decreased significantly in the proposed AFANC system with good enough noise reduction and fast convergence speed, which were verified in the analysis and computer simulations. The proposed AFANC system was implemented for an active headrest system, and the real-time performances were tested in real-time experiments.
Detection and estimation of multiplexed soliton signals (1999)

Solitons are eigenfunction solutions to certain nonlinear wave equations that arise in a variety of natural and man-made systems. Their rich properties and tractability make them an intriguing component of such systems, often describing the large-scale or long-term behavior of natural systems, or the information content in certain communication or signal processing systems. However, it is often difficult to detect or estimate the parameters of solitons in such systems due to the presence of strong nonsoliton components or the nonlinear interaction of multiple solitons. The objective of this paper is to develop and investigate the detection and estimation of soliton signals. As a framework for this study, we consider using these nonlinear systems as both signal generators and signal processors in a form of multiplexed soliton communication. In contrast to more conventional uses of solitons in a communications context, our communication system uses soliton systems for signal generation and multiplexing for transmission over traditional linear channels. In addition to their mathematical tractability and the simplicity of the analog circuits used to generate and process them, we show that the soliton signal dynamics may also provide a mechanism for decreasing transmitted signal energy while enhancing signal detection and parameter estimation performance.
Inhibition of HDAC Activity by ITF2357 Ameliorates Joint Inflammation and Prevents Cartilage and Bone Destruction in Experimental Arthritis (2011)

Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) has been shown to modulate gene expression and cytokine production after stimulation with several stimuli. In the present study, the antiinflammatory effect of a potent HDACi, ITF2357, was explored in different experimental models of arthritis. In addition, the bone protective effect of ITF2357 was investigated in vitro. Treatment of acute arthritis (Streptococcus pyogenes cell wall [SCW] arthritis) with ITF2357 showed that joint swelling and cell influx into the joint cavity were reduced. Furthermore, the chondrocyte metabolic function was improved by treatment of ITF2357. The production of proinflammatory cytokines by synovial tissue was reduced after ITF2357 treatment. To examine the effect of HDAC inhibition on joint destruction, ITF2357 was applied to both rat adjuvant arthritis and mouse collagen type II arthritis. ITF2357 treatment both ameliorates the severity scores in arthritis models and prevents bone destruction. In an in vitro bone destruction assay, ITF2357 was highly effective at a dose of 100 nmol/L. In conclusion, inhibition of HDAC prevents joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction in experimental arthritis.