gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to tell if your cloud files are vulnerable to drive crashes (2011)

This paper presents a new challenge--verifying that a remote server is storing a file in a fault-tolerant manner, i.e., such that it can survive hard-drive failures. We describe an approach called the Remote Assessment of Fault Tolerance (RAFT). The key technique in a RAFT is to measure the time taken for a server to respond to a read request for a collection of file blocks. The larger the number of hard drives across which a file is distributed, the faster the read-request response. Erasure codes also play an important role in our solution. We describe a theoretical framework for RAFTs and offer experimental evidence that RAFTs can work in practice in several settings of interest.
HIV-1 T cell epitopes targeted to Rhesus macaque CD40 and DCIR: A comparative study of prototype dendritic cell targeting therapeutic vaccine candidates (2018)

HIV-1 infection can be controlled by anti-retroviral drug therapy, but this is a lifetime treatment and the virus remains latent and rapidly rebounds if therapy is stopped. HIV-1-infected individuals under this drug regimen have increased rates of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmunity due to compromised immunity. A therapeutic vaccine boosting cellular immunity against HIV-1 is therefore desirable and, possibly combined with other immune modulating agents, could obviate the need for long-term drug therapies. An approach to elicit strong T cell-based immunity is to direct virus protein antigens specifically to dendritic cells (DCs), which are the key cell type for controlling immune responses. For eliciting therapeutic cellular immunity in HIV-1-infected individuals, we developed vaccines comprised of five T cell epitope-rich regions of HIV-1 Gag, Nef, and Pol (HIV5pep) fused to monoclonal antibodies that bind either, the antigen presenting cell activating receptor CD40, or the endocytic dendritic cell immunoreceptor DCIR. The study aimed to demonstrate vaccine safety, establish efficacy for broad T cell responses in both primed and naïve settings, and identify one candidate vaccine for human therapeutic development. The vaccines were administered to Rhesus macaques by intradermal injection with poly-ICLC adjuvant. The animals were either i) naïve or, ii) previously primed with modified vaccinia Ankara vector (MVA) encoding HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Nef (MVA GagPolNef). In the MVA-primed groups, both DC-targeting vaccinations boosted HIV5pep-specific blood CD4+ T cells producing multiple cytokines, but did not affect the MVA-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. In the naive groups, both DC-targeting vaccines elicited antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to multiple epitopes and these responses were unchanged by a subsequent MVA GagPolNef boost. In both settings, the T cell responses elicited via the CD40-targeting vaccine were more robust and were detectable in all the animals, favoring further development of the CD40-targeting vaccine for therapeutic vaccination of HIV-1-infected individuals.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Blocking Angiopoietin-2 Promotes Vascular Damage and Growth Inhibition in Mouse Tumors Treated with Small Doses of Radiation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4&lt;/p&gt;
Multiple Actuators Flow Control over a Glauert-Goldschmied type Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers (2005)

Thick airfoils are desirable for optimized structure, large volume, lower weight and more. Low Reynolds numbers flight of Miniature Aerial Vehicles (MAV) is complex, with thick boundary layers and laminar separations. However, the slow flight requires lower thrust, therefore the applicability of active flow control methods due to the significant control authority that zero-net-mass-flux actuators can exert on the flow become appealing. Active flow control can modify the flow as required to perform all functions to sustain and to control flight at low Reynolds numbers. An experiment on a modified Glauert-Goldschmied type airfoil, with a thickness ratio of 20% and Zeronet-mass-flux Piezo-electric fluidic actuators located at the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil was performed at low Reynolds numbers. At high angles of attack (>20°) the leading edge actuators, using very low momentum pulsed modulation input, were able to reattach the flow. Delay of stall and significant increase of Cl,max was achieved. Using the trailing edge actuators with higher momentum coefficients and high frequency pure sine wave excitation enabled both reduction of Cd at all angles of attack and increasing of Cl at low angles of attack (<14°). Significant control of pitching moment was also demonstrated. Combination of the two actuator placements allows efficient combination of the control authority that was found for each actuator operating alone.
Quantitative susceptibility map reconstruction from MR phase data using bayesian regularization: Validation and application to brain imaging (2009)

The diagnosis of many neurologic diseases benefits from the ability to quantitatively assess iron in the brain. Paramagnetic iron modifies the magnetic susceptibility causing magnetic field inhomogeneity in MRI. The local field can be mapped using the MR signal phase, which is discarded in a typical image reconstruction. The calculation of the susceptibility from the measured magnetic field is an ill-posed inverse problem. In this work, a bayesian regularization approach that adds spatial priors from the MR magnitude image is formulated for susceptibility imaging. Priors include background regions of known zero susceptibility and edge information from the magnitude image. Simulation and phantom validation experiments demonstrated accurate susceptibility maps free of artifacts. The ability to characterize iron content in brain hemorrhage was demonstrated on patients with cavernous hemangioma. Additionally, multiple structures within the brain can be clearly visualized and characterized. The technique introduces a new quantitative contrast in MRI that is directly linked to iron in the brain.
Sorption of lysozyme by HEMA copolymer hydrogels (1996)

Sorption of lysozyme by 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) copolymer hydrogels has been studied as a function of pH and gel composition.Three types of HEMA gels were synthesized: neutral (HEMA), acidic (HEMA +acrylic acid), and basic (HEMA + dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate).Each gel was synthesized at four initial volume fractions to obtain different equilibrium swelling ratios and microstructures.Sorption as a function of time was measured for each gel at pH 7, 7 .5,and 8.The rate of uptake by the acidic gels was more rapid than that by the neutral gels: to sorb 90% of the protein required only one hour for the acidic gels but 15 days for neutral gels.Lysozyme did not adsorb or partition into the basic gels.The fractional appoach to equilibrium was most rapid for the more swollen gels, and the effect of pH was small.The results reported here may be useful for rational design of new biomaterials where it is desirable to know the relative magnitude of the effects of composition, synthesis and pH on protein sorption.
Intentional, accurate and natural object placement in virtual reality based neuropsychological assessment (2019)

In this poster, we discuss the main challenges that need to be addressed to make immersive virtual reality (VR) assessment and training tools valid and usable for neuropsychological applications and clinical uses. We especially argue the importance of enabling natural, easy to use and precise interaction in order to tap into the full potential of VR advantages. We then address some of the main identified challenges and propose solutions and approaches for contact-free, hand-object manipulations for assessment and training VR applications. Our experiences are based on our research and development within the VReha project.
Pulses Shorter than Two Optical Cycles from a Ti:sapphire Oscillator (2001)

Pulses shorter than two optical cycles at 90 MHz repetition rate and 200 mW average power are demonstrated using a Kerr-lens modelocked Ti:sapphire laser with improved dispersion compensation. The pulse formation is explained by dispersion-managed soliton generation. An initial application of this source to ultra high resolution optical coherence tomography is demonstrated.
Multilevel pulse width modulation fibre optic transmission for next generation mobile fronthaul (2016)

Multilevel pulse width modulation for optical C-RAN fronthaul is proved and compared with standard pulse width modulation for aggregated LTE channels. Transmission over 7.5-km SSMF in a WDM PON fronthaul network is experimentally demonstrated for 16 LTE-64QAM aggregated channels.
SEA-SSD: A Storage Engine Assisted SSD With Application-Coupled Simulation Platform (2014)

A storage engine assisted solid-state drive (SEA-SSD) has been proposed to improve the write performance of the SSDs for database applications. Since the SSD write performance bottleneck is caused by the garbage collection, the motivation of this work is to reduce the SSD garbage collection overhead by identifying, clustering and aggregating the data with similar activity in the same block of the NAND flash memory. This paper proposes the SEA-SSD to exploit the upstream information in the storage engine (SE) of database to classify the data pattern and predict the data activity. Hint information like the buffer pool/redo log size, page clean/dirty status, and frequency and access intervals are passed from the SE to the SSD controller. In order to co-design and optimize the database SE and SSD controller, an application-coupled platform has been developed and utilized for the evaluation of the SEA-SSD, which accelerates the simulation speed over 20-times and reduces the implementation complexity. Moreover, another two platforms are developed as well for the system-level optimizations of the SSDs, which are not specifically limited to the SEA-SSD. With the proposed SEA-SSD, maximum 24% performance improvement, 16% energy consumption reduction and 19% lifetime extension are achieved from the experimental results.
Characterization of Sptrx, a Novel Member of the Thioredoxin Family Specifically Expressed in Human Spermatozoa (2001)

Thioredoxins (Trx) are small ubiquitous proteins that participate in different cellular processes via redox-mediated reactions. We report here the identification and characterization of a novel member of the thioredoxin family in humans, named Sptrx (sperm-specific trx), the first with a tissue-specific distribution, located exclusively in spermatozoa. Sptrx open reading frame encodes for a protein of 486 amino acids composed of two clear domains: an N-terminal domain consisting of 23 highly conserved repetitions of a 15-residue motif and a C-terminal domain typical of thioredoxins. Northern analysis and in situ hybridization shows that Sptrx mRNA is only expressed in human testis, specifically in round and elongating spermatids. Immunostaining of human testis sections identified Sptrx protein in spermatids, while immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy analysis demonstrated Sptrx localization in the cytoplasmic droplet of ejaculated sperm. Sptrx appears to have a multimeric structure in native conditions and is able to reduce insulin disulfide bonds in the presence of NADPH and thioredoxin reductase. During mammalian spermiogenesis in testis seminiferous tubules and later maturation in epididymis, extensive reorganization of disulfide bonds is required to stabilize cytoskeletal sperm structures. However, the molecular mechanisms that control these processes are not known. The identification of Sptrx with an expression pattern restricted to the postmeiotic phase of spermatogenesis, when the sperm tail is organized, suggests that Sptrx might be an important factor in regulating critical steps of human spermiogenesis.
Messenger RNA levels for genes involved in extracellular matrix from human corneal scrapings before and after Photorefractive Keratectomy (1998)

The detection and measurement of levels of messenger RNA for selected growth factors, receptors, metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix proteins in ex vivo samples of human corneal epithelium is important and possible with a modified polymerase chain reaction technique. Messenger RNAs for Collagen III and for TGF-beta1 were elevated in one sample after photorefractive keratectomy.
Exploring User-Provided Connectivity (2014)

Network services often exhibit positive and negative externalities that affect users' adoption decisions. One such service is “user-provided connectivity” or UPC. The service offers an alternative to traditional infrastructure-based communication services by allowing users to share their “home base” connectivity with other users, thereby increasing their access to connectivity. More users means more connectivity alternatives, i.e., a positive externality, but also greater odds of having to share one's own connectivity, i.e., a negative externality. The tug of war between positive and negative externalities together with the fact that they often depend not just on how many but also which users adopt make it difficult to predict the service's eventual success. Exploring this issue is the focus of this paper, which investigates not only when and why such services may be viable, but also explores how pricing can be used to effectively and practically realize them.
The genome of Cleistogenes songorica provides a blueprint for functional dissection of dimorphic flower differentiation and drought adaptability (2020)

Cleistogenes songorica (2n = 4x = 40) is a desert grass with a unique dimorphic flowering mechanism and an ability to survive extreme drought. Little is known about the genetics underlying drought tolerance and its reproductive adaptability. Here, we sequenced and assembled a high-quality chromosome-level C. songorica genome (contig N50 = 21.28 Mb). Complete assemblies of all telomeres, and of ten chromosomes were derived. C. songorica underwent a recent tetraploidization (~19 million years ago) and four major chromosomal rearrangements. Expanded genes were significantly enriched in fatty acid elongation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and circadian rhythm pathways. By comparative transcriptomic analysis we found that conserved drought tolerance related genes were expanded. Transcription of CsMYB genes was associated with differential development of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers, as well as drought tolerance. Furthermore, we found that regulation modules encompassing miRNA, transcription factors and target genes are involved in dimorphic flower development, validated by overexpression of CsAP2_9 and its targeted miR172 in rice. Our findings enable further understanding of the mechanisms of drought tolerance and flowering in C. songorica, and provide new insights into the adaptability of native grass species in evolution, along with potential resources for trait improvement in agronomically important species.
An Efficient Identification Protocol and the Knowledge-of-Exponent Assumption. (2007)

In this paper, we propose an extremely simple identification protocol and prove its security using the Knowledge-of-Exponent Assumption (KEA). We also discuss the applicability of KEA in various protocol settings as well. Recently, doubts have been raised about applying KEA in some protocols where an adversary has auxiliary inputs. However, we suggest that KEA is applicable in these cases. We present two variants of KEA, Generalized KEA (GKEA) and Auxiliary-Input KEA (AI-KEA), to clarify the proper use of KEA. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Optically Active Amines with Aryl Bromides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An optimization-based approach to dynamic data transformation for smart visualization (2008)

We are building a smart visual dialog system that aids users in investigating large and complex data sets. Given a user's data request, we automate the generation of a visual response that is tailored to the user's context. In this paper, we focus on the problem of data transformation, which is the process of preparing the raw data (e.g., cleaning and scaling) for effective visualization. Specifically, we develop an optimization-based approach to data transformation. Compared to existing approaches, which normally focus on specific transformation techniques, our work addresses how to dynamically determine proper data transformations for a wide variety of visualization situations. As a result, our work offers two unique contributions. First, we provide a general computational framework that can dynamically derive a set of data transformations to help optimize the quality of the target visualization. Second, we provide an extensible, feature-based model to uniformly represent various data transformation operations and visualization quality metrics. Our evaluation shows that our work significantly improves visualization quality and helps users to better perform their tasks.
Widely Tunable Watt-Level Single-Frequency Tm-Doped Fiber Ring Laser as Pump for Mid-IR Frequency Generation (2016)

We demonstrate a thulium-doped fiber ring laser (TDFRL) integrated with an amplifier, which has a watt-level single-frequency output at 2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a 120-nm wavelength tunability. The TDFRL is constructed based on a hybrid ring-linear resonator configuration. An unpumped TDF is incorporated as a self-constructed saturable absorption grating. A blazed grating aligned in a Littrow configuration is employed for broadband wavelength-selective feedback. The characteristics of the laser output mode are analyzed by using an all-fiber scanning ring resonator.
Porous Carbons from Nonporous MOFs: Influence of Ligand Characteristics on Intrinsic Properties of End Carbon (2013)

Synthesis of porous carbons on direct carbonization of nonporous Zn-based MOFs has been achieved without using any additional carbon precursor. The effect of ligand nature on the resulting carbon porosity has been studied systematically using the MOFs synthesized from rigid and flexible ligands. The linear relations between Zn/C ratio of the MOF versus surface area of the resulting carbon, microporosity versus H2 uptake achieved in these carbons, and surface area versus specific capacitance of the end carbons have been verified from the gas adsorption, molecular composition, and electrochemical studies, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge cycling have been carried out to study the capacitive behavior of the carbons. The interdependence of capacitive behavior on the surface area has been analyzed using data derived from N2 adsorption isotherms and charge–discharge curves. Among the carbons synthesized, C-MOF-2 shows maximal surface area of 1378 m2/g with a specific capacitance of 170 F/g at 1 A/g.
The first direct formation of a Grignard reagent on an insoluble polymer (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe first direct formation of a Grignard reagent on an insoluble polymerS. Itsuno, G. D. Darling, J. M. J. Frechet, and H. D. H. StoverCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 20, 4644–4645Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00229a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00229a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-DOSE FORMULATION FOR PREVNAR 13™ (2010)

— Demonstrated storage temperature (2-80C) stability and accelerated short term accelerated temperature stability for both antigen (all thirteen serotypes) and preservative (2-PE) — Consistently meets preservative effectiveness single dose (EP 5.1.3 “B” criteria) — Demonstrated that the formulation meets EP 5.1.3 “B” criteria in a multi challenge study — This concentration has been used in two infant based vaccines Engerix and Twinrix from GSK and has been demonstrated to be safe.
Unveiling a family of spiro-β-lactams with anti-HIV and antiplasmodial activity via phosphine-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 6-alkylidene-penicillanates and allenoates (2022)

The molecular architecture of spirocyclic compounds has been widely explored within the medicinal chemistry field to obtain new compounds with singular three-dimensional pharmacophoric features and improved bioactivity. Herein, the synthesis of 68 new spirocyclopentene-β-lactams is described, resulting from a rational drug design and structural modulation of a highly promising lead compound BSS-730A, previously identified as having dual antimicrobial activity associated with a novel mechanism of action. Among this diverse library of new compounds, 22 were identified as active against HIV-1, with eight displaying an IC<sub>50</sub> lower than 50 nM. These eight compounds also showed nanomolar activity against HIV-2, and six of them displayed micromolar antiplasmodial activity against both the hepatic and the blood stages of infection by malaria parasites, in agreement with the lead molecule's bioactivity profile. The spirocyclopentene-β-lactams screened also showed low cytotoxicity against TZM-bl and Huh7 human cell lines. Overall, a family of new spirocyclopentene penicillanates with potent activity against HIV and/or <i>Plasmodium</i> was identified. The present structure-activity relationship open avenues for further development of spirocyclopentene-β-lactams as multivalent, highly active broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
The memory/logic interface in FPGAs with large embedded memory arrays (1999)

As the capacities of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) grow, they will be used to implement much larger circuits than ever before. These larger circuits often require significant amounts of storage. In order to address these storage requirements, FPGAs with large embedded memory arrays are now being developed by several vendors. One of the crucial components of an FPGA with on-chip memory is the routing structure between the memory arrays and logic resources. If this memory/logic interface is not flexible enough, many circuits will be unroutable, while if it is too flexible, it will be slower and consume more chip area than is necessary. In this paper, we show that an interconnect in which each memory pin can connect to between four and seven logic routing tracks is best in terms of both area and speed. We also show that by adding switches to support nets that connect multiple memory arrays, we can reduce the memory access time by up to 25% and improve the routability slightly.