gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of nanotube content produced by arc discharge in a raw material (2006)

The amount of carbon nanotube in a raw material grown by electric arc discharge, ignited in different liquid environments, has been evaluated by combined use of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) in a reactive environment. X-ray diffraction was used to discriminate the various carbon microstructures utilizing the difference in lattice parameter between curved and planar graphite structures. The results are repeatable and in good agreement with TG-DTA measurements carried out in a reactive environment, where the relative amount of carbon nanostructures is evaluated on the basis of the difference in the reaction kinetics with atmospheric oxygen. In analyzed specimens, SEM and TEM show the presence of only two allotropic forms of carbon, namely nanotubes and globular particles, the relative amounts of which depend on the nature of the liquid surrounding the discharge and on the voltage applied to the electric arc.
Recessive NOS1AP variants impair actin remodeling and cause glomerulopathy in humans and mice (2021)

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. We found recessive <i>NOS1AP</i> variants in two families with early-onset NS by exome sequencing. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) <i>NOS1AP</i>, but not cDNA constructs bearing patient variants, increased active CDC42 and promoted filopodia and podosome formation. Pharmacologic inhibition of CDC42 or its effectors, formin proteins, reduced NOS1AP-induced filopodia formation. <i>NOS1AP</i> knockdown reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR), which was rescued by overexpression of WT <i>Nos1ap</i> but not by constructs bearing patient variants. PMR in <i>NOS1AP</i> knockdown podocytes was also rescued by constitutively active <i>CDC42<sup>Q61L</sup></i> or the formin <i>DIAPH3</i> Modeling a <i>NOS1AP</i> patient variant in knock-in human kidney organoids revealed malformed glomeruli with increased apoptosis. <i>Nos1ap<sup>Ex3-/Ex3-</sup></i> mice recapitulated the human phenotype, exhibiting proteinuria, foot process effacement, and glomerulosclerosis. These findings demonstrate that recessive <i>NOS1AP</i> variants impair CDC42/DIAPH-dependent actin remodeling, cause aberrant organoid glomerulogenesis, and lead to a glomerulopathy in humans and mice.
Identification of left pulmonary vein ostia using centerline tracking (2009)

With the increasing popularity of cardiac ablation therapy, studies of the procedural effects on left atrial and pulmonary vein morphology are becoming more important. Of particular interest is evaluation of atrial and pulmonary vein remodeling following ablation therapy using structural imaging. One challenge that arises when comparing pulmonary vein morphology across subjects is defining the ostial location. Strategies for defining this important anatomical location include volume renderings from multiple angles, or drawing lines in cross-sectional images. Drawbacks of these techniques include subjectivity between raters as well as limited use of three dimensional volumetric information. In this work, we describe a method for automatically identifying the pulmonary vein ostia from CT images using a single user selected seedpoint. The technique makes use of the full three dimensional volumetric information, by computing a centerline along each pulmonary vein and defining the ostium using oblique cross-sectional image planes along the curve axis. The ostium is defined as the point at which there is a spike in the oblique cross-sectional area. The method is demonstrated on each of the four pulmonary veins in four patient datasets, for a total of sixteen applications of the algorithm. The results are compared against manual delineations of the pulmonary vein ostia, with overall mean distances ranging from approximately 1.5 to 5.0 mm. In conclusion, although the pulmonary veins exhibit variable anatomic shapes and orientations across different patient datasets, our proposed automated method produces results comparable to manual delineation of the ostia.
Double-talk robust fast converging algorithms for network echo cancellation (2003)

Echo cancelers which cover longer impulse responses (/spl ges/64 ms) are desirable. Long responses create a need for more rapidly converging algorithms in order to meet the specifications for network echo cancelers devised by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union). In general, faster convergence implies a higher sensitivity to near-end disturbances, especially "double-talk". Recently, a fast converging algorithm called proportionate NLMS (normalized least mean squares) algorithm (PNLMS) has been proposed. This algorithm exploits the sparseness of the echo path. In this paper we propose a method for making the PNLMS algorithm more robust against double-talk. The slower divergence rate of these robust algorithms in combination with a standard Geigel double-talk detector improves the performance of a network echo canceler considerably during double-talk. This results in the robust PNLMS algorithm which diverges much slower than PNLMS and standard NLMS. A generalization of the robust PNLMS algorithm to a robust proportionate affine projection algorithm (APA) is also presented. It converges very fast, and unlike PNLMS, is not as dependent on the assumption of a sparse echo path response. Trade off between convergence and divergence rate is easily tuned with one parameter and the added complexity is about 7 instructions per sample.
Role of Limited Whole-Body PET/CT in Pediatric Lymphoma (2011)

The limited whole-body PET/CT for routine follow-up when disease is confined to the limited whole-body FOV at staging is appropriate. Given its definite advantages over true whole-body PET/CT, it is preferred.
Systematic discovery of uncharacterized transcription factors in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 (2018)

ABSTRACT Transcriptional regulation enables cells to respond to environmental changes. Yet, among the estimated 304 candidate transcription factors (TFs) in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, 185 have been experimentally identified and only a few tens of them have been fully characterized by ChIP methods. Understanding the remaining TFs is key to improving our knowledge of the E. coli transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). Here, we developed an integrated workflow for the computational prediction and comprehensive experimental validation of TFs using a suite of genome-wide experiments. We applied this workflow to: 1) identify 16 candidate TFs from over a hundred candidate uncharacterized genes; 2) capture a total of 255 DNA binding peaks for 10 candidate TFs resulting in six high-confidence binding motifs; 3) reconstruct the regulons of these 10 TFs by determining gene expression changes upon deletion of each TF; and 4) determine the regulatory roles of three TFs (YiaJ, YdcI, and YeiE) as regulators of L-ascorbate utilization, proton transfer and acetate metabolism, and iron homeostasis under iron limited condition, respectively. Together, these results demonstrate how this workflow can be used to discover, characterize, and elucidate regulatory functions of uncharacterized TFs in parallel.
Concerted actions of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity (2022)

Plants utilise cell-surface immune receptors (functioning as pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens. Perception of pathogens by these receptors activates immune signalling and resistance to infections. PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity have primarily been considered parallel processes contributing to disease resistance. Recent studies suggest that these two pathways are interdependent and converge at multiple nodes. This review summarises and provides a perspective on these convergent points.
State and Angular Dependence of Single-Event Upsets in an Asymmetric RC-Hardened SRAM Using Deep Trench Capacitors (2014)

A marked state dependence and significant reduction in SEU cross section with even small increases in incident angle are reported in an asymmetric RC-hardened 90 nm CMOS SRAM. The effects are attributable to the bias dependence and high aspect ratio of the deep trench capacitor sidewall depletion region, exacerbated by process-induced boron depletion. The asymmetric implementation, using capacitive hardening in only one leg of the SRAM cell, led to the appearance of the effect in experimental results.
<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$Q$</tex></formula>-Band Spatially Combined Power Amplifier Arrays in 45-nm CMOS SOI (2015)

This paper reports 45-GHz power amplifier (PA) arrays implemented in 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator, coupled to antenna arrays to enable free-space power combining. A single CMOS chip (2.5 × 4.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) containing eight-unit PAs was developed and its output was fed to a 2 × 2 array of differentially fed patch antennas on a printed circuit board. This array provided an equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 40 dBm at 45 GHz with 28 dBm of total RF power generated by the chip. A larger array, composed of four CMOS chips and feeding a 2 × 8 array of antennas, was shown to deliver an EIRP of 50 dBm at 45 GHz, while generating a total RF power of 33 dBm together with an antenna array gain of 17 dB. The dc power consumptions for the 2 × 2 and the 2 × 8 arrays were 4.9 and 18 W, respectively, with estimated peak power-added efficiencies of 13.5% and 10.7%.
Rupture signs on computed tomography, treatment, and outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysms (2014)

• AAA rupture occurs at the end of a continuum of growth and wall weakening. • Intramural imaging findings indicate impending AAA rupture. • Luminal and extraluminal imaging findings imply complete AAA rupture. • Some imaging findings are not specific to AAA ruptures and can be seen in other pathologies. • EVAR has emerged as an alternative and possibly less morbid method of treating ruptured AAAs.
Abundance of gap junctions at glutamatergic mixed synapses in adult Mosquitofish spinal cord neurons (2014)

"Dye-coupling", whole-mount immunohistochemistry for gap junction channel protein connexin 35 (Cx35), and freeze-fracture replica immunogold labeling (FRIL) reveal an abundance of electrical synapses/gap junctions at glutamatergic mixed synapses in the 14th spinal segment that innervates the adult male gonopodium of Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Mosquitofish). To study gap junctions' role in fast motor behavior, we used a minimally-invasive neural-tract-tracing technique to introduce gap junction-permeant or -impermeant dyes into deep muscles controlling the gonopodium of the adult male Mosquitofish, a teleost fish that rapidly transfers (complete in <20 mS) spermatozeugmata into the female reproductive tract. Dye-coupling in the 14th spinal segment controlling the gonopodium reveals coupling between motor neurons and a commissural primary ascending interneuron (CoPA IN) and shows that the 14th segment has an extensive and elaborate dendritic arbor and more gap junctions than do other segments. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry for Cx35 results confirm dye-coupling and show it occurs via gap junctions. Finally, FRIL shows that gap junctions are at mixed synapses and reveals that >50 of the 62 gap junctions at mixed synapses are in the 14th spinal segment. Our results support and extend studies showing gap junctions at mixed synapses in spinal cord segments involved in control of genital reflexes in rodents, and they suggest a link between mixed synapses and fast motor behavior. The findings provide a basis for studies of specific roles of spinal neurons in the generation/regulation of sex-specific behavior and for studies of gap junctions' role in regulating fast motor behavior. Finally, the CoPA IN provides a novel candidate neuron for future studies of gap junctions and neural control of fast motor behaviors.
miR-125a and miR-34a expression predicts Richter syndrome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (2018)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia. It is characterized by the accumulation of CD19<sup>+</sup>/CD5<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes and can have variable outcomes. Richter syndrome (RS) is a lethal complication in CLL patients that results in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and there are no tests to predict its occurrence. Because alterations in microRNA expression can predict the development and progression of several cancers, we investigated whether dysregulation of specific microRNAs can predict RS in CLL patients. Thus, we compared microRNA expression levels in samples from 49 CLL patients who later developed RS with samples from 59 CLL patients who did not. We found that high expression of <i>miR-125a-5p</i> or low expression of <i>miR</i> <i>-34a-5p</i> can predict ∼50% of RS with a false positive rate of ∼9%. We found that CLL patients predicted to develop RS show either an increase of <i>miR-125a-5p</i> expression (∼20-fold) or a decrease of <i>miR-34a-5p</i> expression (∼21-fold) compared with CLL patients that are not predicted to develop RS. Thus, <i>miR-125a-5p</i> and <i>miR-34a-5p</i> can be valuable predictor markers of RS and have the potential to provide physicians with information that can indicate the best therapeutic strategy for CLL patients.
Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly (2014)

We report on the intercalation of a cationic fluorescent oligo(fluorene) in between the 2D interlayer region of a fluoromica type silicate. The formation of intercalated structures with different fluorophore contents is observed in powders by synchrotron radiation XRD. Successively, the hybrids are dispersed in poly(styrene) through in situ polymerization. Such a procedure allows us to synthesize the materials from solution, to achieve solid films, and to characterize them by optical and morphologic techniques. The polymeric films with homogeneous distribution of the hybrids exhibit ultraviolet-blue photoluminescence with a significantly enhanced photostability compared to the bare oligo(fluorene)s. Finally, under specific conditions, the polymer hybrid with higher oligo(fluorene) content spontaneously assembles into highly ordered microporous films.
Koios: A Deep Learning Benchmark Suite for FPGA Architecture and CAD\n Research (2021)

With the prevalence of deep learning (DL) in many applications, researchers\nare investigating different ways of optimizing FPGA architecture and CAD to\nachieve better quality-of-results (QoR) on DL-based workloads. In this\noptimization process, benchmark circuits are an essential component; the QoR\nachieved on a set of benchmarks is the main driver for architecture and CAD\ndesign choices. However, current academic benchmark suites are inadequate, as\nthey do not capture any designs from the DL domain. This work presents a new\nsuite of DL acceleration benchmark circuits for FPGA architecture and CAD\nresearch, called Koios. This suite of 19 circuits covers a wide variety of\naccelerated neural networks, design sizes, implementation styles, abstraction\nlevels, and numerical precisions. These designs are larger, more data parallel,\nmore heterogeneous, more deeply pipelined, and utilize more FPGA architectural\nfeatures compared to existing open-source benchmarks. This enables researchers\nto pin-point architectural inefficiencies for this class of workloads and\noptimize CAD tools on more realistic benchmarks that stress the CAD algorithms\nin different ways. In this paper, we describe the designs in our benchmark\nsuite, present results of running them through the Verilog-to-Routing (VTR)\nflow using a recent FPGA architecture model, and identify key insights from the\nresulting metrics. On average, our benchmarks have 3.7x more netlist\nprimitives, 1.8x and 4.7x higher DSP and BRAM densities, and 1.7x higher\nfrequency with 1.9x more near-critical paths compared to the widely-used VTR\nsuite. Finally, we present two example case studies showing how architectural\nexploration for DL-optimized FPGAs can be performed using our new benchmark\nsuite.\n
High power ultrafast semiconductor lasers-intracavity dynamics and the implications for future development in modelocked semiconductor lasers (2002)

The pulse shaping dynamics are measured and explained using self phase locking (SPM), saturable absorption and group velocity dispersion (GVD). In addition, intracavity spectral shaping and inverse bow tie SOAs are shown to be promising for future pulsewidth reduction and high power generation, respectively.
Nitrogen‐Doped Multilayer Graphene as Functional Filler for Carbon/Polyamide 12 Nanocomposites (2015)

Herein, we report on the facile thermolysis process for producing nitrogen‐doped few‐layer graphene (CN) as a functional filler derived from graphite oxide (GO) and cyanamide (CA). The nitrogen content is governed by the thermolysis temperature and CA content. As compared to conventional thermally reduced GO, the nitrogen doping by GO/CA thermolysis at 800 °C accounts for a substantial increase of electrical filler conductivity from 48 to 467 S · cm −1 . According to XPS measurements, pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic nitrogen groups were incorporated into graphene during thermolysis. Graphene/polyamide 12 (PA12) composites containing between 1 and 5 wt% were prepared by melt compounding. At 5 wt% graphene filler content, the Young's modulus was increased by +53% with respect to PA12. Whereas nitrogen doping did not affect mechanical properties of graphene/PA12, it greatly improved the electrical conductivity of both graphene and the corresponding graphene/PA12 nanocomposites. Hence, the nitrogen doping of graphene holds a great promise for improving the performance of functional graphene fillers.
A master-slave system using a multi-DOF ultrasonic motor and its controller designed considering measured and simulated driving characteristics (2002)

Master-slave active robot hands and endoscopes, which provide dexterous manipulations and wide views like human hands and eyes, are required to be constructed. We have previously developed a multi-DOF ultrasonic motor consisting of a spherical rotor and a bar-shaped stator. The rotor rotates around three perpendicular axes using three natural vibration modes of the stator. In this study, a multi-DOF unilateral master-slave system using the multi-DOF ultrasonic motor is developed. Master and slave arms for the system have similar configurations, so that an operator can easily handle the master-slave system. First, driving characteristics of the multi-DOF ultrasonic motor are clarified experimentally and analytically in order to design the slave arm and its controller. Next, the master-slave arms and the unilateral feedback controller for the master-slave system are developed. Finally, the motion control tests of the system are performed to show the applicability of the master-slave system.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure showing X-ray crystal structure of pseudokinase domain inhibitor&lt;/p&gt;
UXO signature extraction from measurement data: automatic weighting and regularization (2005)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) has prominent technique in UXO detection and discrimination research. Fast forward solutions are needed for target discrimination, which is essentially an inverse problem. We have previously developed a physically complete modeling system that includes all effects of the heterogeneities and their interactions within the object, in both near and far fields. Since the problem is highly ill-conditioned, the high order excitation modes were truncated and only the solutions of low and dominant modes were solved for. In this paper we introduce a two step approach for extracting the model parameters for both low and high order excitation modes. In the first step, high order modes are truncated. Solutions for low order modes are inferred from the measured data that mostly contain low order mode excitations. In the second step, solutions for both low and high order modes are solved by giving more weight to measurements that contains high order modes, and using the first step solutions as prior information. In the cases investigated here the two step approach provides a more accurate forward model and is still fast enough for inversion calculations in UXO detection and discrimination.
Essential Windows 2000 System Administrator's Black Box (2000)

From the Publisher:
Essential Windows 2000 System Administrator's Black Box is three essential Windows 2000 problem-solving guides conveniently packaged together and includes: Windows 2000 System Administrator''s Black Book, Windows 2000 Security Little Black Book, and Windows 2000 Registry Little Black Book. Complete guidance on installing and configuring Windows 2000, working with registry, security, Active Directory, IntelliMirror, scripting, basic networking, and much more. Serve as troubleshooting guides and quick references with details for administering both workstations and servers.
Darwin (2018)

Genomics is transforming medicine and our understanding of life in fundamental ways. Genomics data, however, is far outpacing Moore»s Law. Third-generation sequencing technologies produce 100X longer reads than second generation technologies and reveal a much broader mutation spectrum of disease and evolution. However, these technologies incur prohibitively high computational costs. Over 1,300 CPU hours are required for reference-guided assembly of the human genome, and over 15,600 CPU hours are required for de novo assembly. This paper describes "Darwin" --- a co-processor for genomic sequence alignment that, without sacrificing sensitivity, provides up to $15,000X speedup over the state-of-the-art software for reference-guided assembly of third-generation reads. Darwin achieves this speedup through hardware/algorithm co-design, trading more easily accelerated alignment for less memory-intensive filtering, and by optimizing the memory system for filtering. Darwin combines a hardware-accelerated version of D-SOFT, a novel filtering algorithm, alignment at high speed, and with a hardware-accelerated version of GACT, a novel alignment algorithm. GACT generates near-optimal alignments of arbitrarily long genomic sequences using constant memory for the compute-intensive step. Darwin is adaptable, with tunable speed and sensitivity to match emerging sequencing technologies and to meet the requirements of genomic applications beyond read assembly.
Applying Informed Coding and Embedding to Design a Robust High-Capacity Watermark (2004)

We describe a new watermarking system based on the principles of informed coding and informed embedding. This system is capable of embedding 1380 bits of information in images with dimensions 240 x 368 pixels. Experiments on 2000 images indicate the watermarks are robust to significant valumetric distortions, including additive noise, low-pass filtering, changes in contrast, and lossy compression. Our system encodes watermark messages with a modified trellis code in which a given message may be represented by a variety of different signals, with the embedded signal selected according to the cover image. The signal is embedded by an iterative method that seeks to ensure the message will not be confused with other messages, even after addition of noise. Fidelity is improved by the incorporation of perceptual shaping into the embedding process. We show that each of these three components improves performance substantially.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Based Enolates as Heterocyclic Building Blocks. Synthesis of the Herbicidin Glycoside. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.