gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Casting Geometric Constraints in Semantic Segmentation as\n Semi-Supervised Learning (2019)

We propose a simple yet effective method to learn to segment new indoor\nscenes from video frames: State-of-the-art methods trained on one dataset, even\nas large as the SUNRGB-D dataset, can perform poorly when applied to images\nthat are not part of the dataset, because of the dataset bias, a common\nphenomenon in computer vision. To make semantic segmentation more useful in\npractice, one can exploit geometric constraints. Our main contribution is to\nshow that these constraints can be cast conveniently as semi-supervised terms,\nwhich enforce the fact that the same class should be predicted for the\nprojections of the same 3D location in different images. This is interesting as\nwe can exploit general existing techniques developed for semi-supervised\nlearning to efficiently incorporate the constraints. We show that this approach\ncan efficiently and accurately learn to segment target sequences of ScanNet and\nour own target sequences using only annotations from SUNRGB-D, and geometric\nrelations between the video frames of target sequences.\n
Recent Progress and Perspectives of Thermally Drawn Multimaterial Fiber Electronics (2019)

Fibers are the building blocks of a broad spectrum of products from textiles to composites, and waveguides to wound dressings. While ubiquitous, the capabilities of fibers have not rapidly increased compared to semiconductor chip technology, for example. Recognizing that fibers lack the composition, geometry, and feature sizes for more functions, exploration of the boundaries of fiber functionality began some years ago. The approach focuses on a particular form of fiber production, thermal-drawing from a preform. This process has been used for producing single material fibers, but by combining metals, insulators, and semiconductors all within a single strand of fiber, an entire world of functionality in fibers has emerged. Fibers with optical, electrical, acoustic, or optoelectronic functionalities can be produced at scale from relatively easy-to-assemble macroscopic preforms. Two significant opportunities now present themselves. First, can one expect that fiber functions escalate in a predictable manner, creating the context for a "Moore's Law" analog in fibers? Second, as fabrics occupy an enormous surface around the body, could fabrics offer a valuable service to augment the human body? Toward answering these questions, the materials, performance, and limitations of thermally drawn fibers in different electronic applications are detailed and their potential in new fields is envisioned.
Dynamic Balance of Excitation and Inhibition in Human and Monkey Neocortex (2016)

Balance of excitation and inhibition is a fundamental feature of in vivo network activity and is important for its computations. However, its presence in the neocortex of higher mammals is not well established. We investigated the dynamics of excitation and inhibition using dense multielectrode recordings in humans and monkeys. We found that in all states of the wake-sleep cycle, excitatory and inhibitory ensembles are well balanced, and co-fluctuate with slight instantaneous deviations from perfect balance, mostly in slow-wave sleep. Remarkably, these correlated fluctuations are seen for many different temporal scales. The similarity of these computational features with a network model of self-generated balanced states suggests that such balanced activity is essentially generated by recurrent activity in the local network and is not due to external inputs. Finally, we find that this balance breaks down during seizures, where the temporal correlation of excitatory and inhibitory populations is disrupted. These results show that balanced activity is a feature of normal brain activity, and break down of the balance could be an important factor to define pathological states.
Direct Deposit of Fiber Reinforced Energetic NanoComposites (2017)

The ideal situation of assembling an energetic nanoparticles-polymer matrix is obtaining materials with high particle loading while still maintaining mechanical integrity. In this paper, we introduced a direct deposition approach to create a reactive polymer fiber reinforced composite with aluminum (Al-NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reactive binder. Even with up to 70 wt % thermite, these films still maintain a uniform morphology and considerable flexibility. With the same overall material composition, both the reactive and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced films shown marked improvement over the corresponding non-nanofiber films. The combustion propagation velocity of fiber reinforced films is up to 1.8 times faster than the corresponding non-nanofiber films. For the mechanical properties, the films with 110 nm diameter fibers were 2.3, 23 and 5.8 times superior in tensile strength, strain and toughness respectively, as compared to films with the same mass loading but with no fibers. The results suggest deploying a fiber reinforced structure enables fabrication of nanocomposite with high loadings of energetic materials. These result imply that a 3-D printing approach may demonstrate significant advantages in developing advanced propulsion systems.
Data from αvβ6 Integrin Promotes Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer through JNK1-Mediated Activation of Androgen Receptor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Androgen receptor signaling fuels prostate cancer and is a major therapeutic target. However, mechanisms of resistance to therapeutic androgen ablation are not well understood. Here, using a prostate cancer mouse model, Pten&lt;sup&gt;pc−/−&lt;/sup&gt;, carrying a prostate epithelial-specific &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; deletion, we show that the αvβ6 integrin is required for tumor growth &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; of castrated as well as of noncastrated mice. We describe a novel signaling pathway that couples the αvβ6 integrin cell surface receptor to androgen receptor via activation of JNK1 and causes increased nuclear localization and activity of androgen receptor. This downstream kinase activation by αvβ6 is specific for JNK1, with no involvement of p38 or ERK kinase. In addition, differential phosphorylation of Akt is not observed under these conditions, nor is cell morphology affected by αvβ6 expression. This pathway, which is specific for αvβ6, because it is not regulated by a different αv-containing integrin, αvβ3, promotes upregulation of survivin, which in turn supports anchorage-independent growth of αvβ6-expressing cells. Consistently, both αvβ6 and survivin are significantly increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma, but are not detected in normal prostatic epithelium. Neither XIAP nor Bcl-2 is affected by αvβ6 expression. In conclusion, we show that αvβ6 expression is required for prostate cancer progression, including castrate-resistant prostate cancer; mechanistically, by promoting activation of JNK1, the αvβ6 integrin causes androgen receptor–increased activity in the absence of androgen and consequent upregulation of survivin. These preclinical results pave the way for further clinical development of αvβ6 antagonists for prostate cancer therapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(17); 5163–74. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Rapid-access page-mode volume holograms (1992)

Access speeds in optical storage media are limited by the optical power budget. By using acousto-optics, sequential read out of angularly multiplexed volume holograms can be achieved with page times as short as 1 ns. With 10 6 pixels per page, the data rate of such a system is 10 15 samples per second. This exceeds the input bandwidth of all signal processing technologies except optical signal processing. Additionally, given the efficiency of angularly multiplexed holograms, the optical power required to reliably detect data at this bandwidth is excessive. The optical power budget constraints can be alleviated if the system that follows the rapid-access page-mode hologram has signal processing gain. We explore the use of optical correlators with a relatively slow external data input and matched filters stored in the volume hologram. The matched filters are accessed extremely rapidly by utilizing acousto-optic Bragg cells to cycle through the angularly multiplexed volume hologram pages. The correlators provide the signal processing gain to alleviate the signal to noise constraints on a system with up to 10 15 reference samples per second data rate.
Chemistry of oxaziridines. 12. Oxidation of alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes with N-sulfonyloxaziridines (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of oxaziridines. 12. Oxidation of alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes with N-sulfonyloxaziridinesFranklin A. Davis and Bang Chi ChenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1, 360–363Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00288a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views727Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 5429: Cytotoxicity of AOH compounds targeting the interaction of caPCNA and its binding partners in human cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Previously we reported the identification of an acidic isoform of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (caPCNA) in various cancer cells. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) interacts with multiple binding partners to carry out vital cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and cell-cycle progression. We hypothesize that caPCNA performs similar functions specifically in cancer cells and, therefore, disrupting interactions of caPCNA with its binding partners will prevent necessary cellular functions, resulting in cytotoxicity to cancer cells. AOH compounds were generated based on a focused computer molecular “docking” search for small molecules that specifically targeted the interaction of caPCNA and its binding partner FEN1. MTT assays suggest that several AOH compounds have promising anti-proliferation effects in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells with EC50 values as low as or less than 10uM (lead compounds). To further evaluate the cytotoxicity of lead AOH compounds, clonogenic survival assays were performed in MCF-7 cells treated with the small molecules for 2 hours. Results showed that AOH compounds induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50s of these compounds were between 10 to 20uM in MCF-7cells. To investigate the effects of the AOH compounds on DNA replication and the cell cycle, in vitro SV40 DNA replication assays and flow cytometric analysis were performed. The G2/M phase cell population was increased from 8% to 30-80% in MCF-7 cells treated with 25uM AOH compounds for 48 hours, indicating an induction of G2 arrest. AOH compound at 10uM inhibited in vitro DNA replication in malignant cell extracts by 70-80% relative to untreated correspondent cell extracts. Taken together, the potent cytotoxicity of AOH compounds in cancer cells is correlated with their inhibition of DNA replication and induction of cell cycle arrest. The compounds may be useful in the future for clinical cancer chemotherapy as a single anticancer agent and/or in combination with other anti-neoplastic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5429. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5429
A novel, compliant, four degree-of-freedom, robotic fingertip sensor (1990)

A novel, low-cost, compliant fingertip sensor for robotic gripper applications is presented. The fingertip sensor is intended for use in grippers where force feedback information is needed, such as in clean room or space applications where telerobotic operation is desired. The fingertip is approximately the size of the thumb of an adult male and is approximately as compliant as human flesh. The sensor was designed to optimize the sensitivity to four components of force/torque: the normal force, both tangential force terms, and the torque about the normal axis. Finite-element analysis was used to optimize the shape of the fingertip and the location/size of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film piezoelectric sensing elements. The design analysis and the experimental results from evaluation of the prototype robot fingertip sensors are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Involvement of endogenous Orphanin FQ in electroacupuncture-induced analgesia (1997)

Recent studies suggest that the novel opioid peptide orphanin FQ (OFQ) is involved in pain modulation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of OFQ in the rat produced a dose-dependent antagonism of the analgesia induced by 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation as measured in the radiant heat tail-flick assay. Antisense oligonucleotides injected i.c.v. potentiated EA analgesia, presumably by interfering with the expression of the OFQ receptor in brain. These results suggest that endogenous OFQ exerts a tonic antagonistic effect on EA-induced analgesia. No such antagonism was observed when OFQ was injected intrathecally (i.t.). Rather, it appears that spinal OFQ produced a marked analgesic effect and enhanced EA-induced analgesia. These findings are consistent with the experimental results obtained in rats where morphine-induced analgesia is antagonized by i.c.v. OFQ and potentiated by i.t. OFQ.
NILM Dashboard: A Power System Monitor for Electromechanical Equipment Diagnostics (2018)

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) uses electrical measurements taken at a centralized point in a network to monitor many loads downstream. This paper introduces NILM dashboard, a machine intelligence, and graphical platform that uses NILM data for real-time electromechanical system diagnostics. The operation of individual loads is disaggregated using signal processing and presented as time-based load activity and statistical indicators. The software allows multiple NILM devices to be networked together to provide information about loads residing on different electrical branches at the same time. A graphical user interface provides analysis tools for energy scorekeeping, detecting fault conditions, and determining operating state. The NILM dashboard is demonstrated on the power system data from two United States Coast Guard cutters.
053 Painful Sex, Why Women Do or Don't Seek Treatment (2016)

To further understand the reasons why postmenopausal women do or do not use prescription therapy for vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and specifically dyspareunia. Six in-person focus groups of women diagnosed with VVA and specifically dyspareunia, were held in Tampa, Philadelphia and Chicago from Feb to Mar, 2015. Thirty-eight women participated with a mean age of 62.9 years; 58% were over 60 years of age. The 6 groups were comprised of:a) women currently taking Rx therapy (Rx user = FG=1, n=6); b) women not taking Rx therapy (Rx non-user, FG=3, n=20), and c) a mix of Rx users and non-users (FG=2, n=12). Women who were not using Rx therapy reported significant pain, loss of sexual function, emotional trauma, lower self-esteem and damage to marital and partner relationships. Statements regarding dyspareunia included: “it felt like someone was stabbing me with a knife”; “it’s sharp – on a 10 point scale, it’s a 10”. Women also reported that the pain can be enduring: “soreness lasts for days after intercourse”; “can’t wipe, it’s irritated and not natural”. Most non-Rx users reported that the experience of sex itself is frustrating with a loss of spontaneity and pleasure. Attitudes were very different between Rx-users and Rx non-users: Rx Users: - Recognize physical and emotional benefits of estrogen VVA therapy; - Strong anti-aging beliefs; - Search-out medical advice (switch doctors); - Empowered personality; - Optimistic and sexually active. Rx Non-Users: - Accepting aging as inevitable; - Less likely to talk with healthcare provider, embarrassed; - Lack of knowledge, fears and confusion dominate thinking; - Depressed about the future; - Not in an active sexual relationship.
Identification of BACE as a Target in Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Search for β-Secretase Validation of the BACE Target Final Remarks References
Virus Shedding and Potential for Interspecies Waterborne Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus in Sparrows and Chickens (2010)

To elucidate the role of sparrows as intermediate hosts of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses, we assessed shedding and interspecies waterborne transmission of A/duck/Laos/25/06 in sparrows and chickens. Inoculated birds shed virus at high titers from the oropharynx and cloaca, and infection was fatal. Waterborne transmission from inoculated sparrows to contact chickens was absent, while 25% of sparrows were infected via waterborne transmission from chickens. The viral shedding and susceptibility to infection we observed in sparrows, coupled with their presence in poultry houses, could facilitate virus spread among poultry and wild birds in the face of an H5N1 influenza virus outbreak.
Interferometric Michelson-type optical-fiber sensor: comparison between phase-modulation and frequency-modulation detection (1985)

A new setup is presented that solves the isolation problem, optimizes the recovery of the light signal, and prevents any unwanted reflex in a Michelson scheme on an interferometric fiber sensor. Phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) are both treated as the result of the fiber-optic-induced phase shift. The demodulation aspect involved in the FM detection is investigated especially in order to establish a direct link between the modulation index and the integral phase shift. A novel approach that permits the direct FM–index recovery is also reported. PM– and FM–demodulating processes are tested experimentally to detect the phase shift induced by a 20-Hz dynamical deformation on the fiber. The FM results are compared for small values of phase shift with the ones given by the PM scheme, whereas for large values of phase shifts, they are compared with others obtained directly from the spectral display. The measurements confirm the linear behavior of the fiber-strain sensor in the four decades of values, show the correctness of the analysis, and point out the possibility of using the fiber-strain sensor with engineering values of deformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of the Racemic 2‐Hydroxyalkanoates Using the Enantioselective Mixed‐Anhydride Method with Pivalic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The 'Codecs' and 'Profiles' Parameters for "Bucket" Media Types (2011)

Several MIME type/subtype combinations exist that can contain
different media formats. A receiving agent thus needs to examine the
details of such media content to determine if the specific elements
can be rendered given an available set of codecs. Especially when the
end system has limited resources, or the connection to the end system
has limited bandwidth, it is helpful to know from the Content- Type
alone if the content can be rendered. This document specifies two
parameters, and profiles, which are used with various MIME
types or type/subtype combinations to allow for unambiguous
specification of the codecs and/or profiles employed by the media
formats contained within. This document obsoletes RFC 4281; RFC 4281
defines the parameter, which this document retains in a
backwards compatible manner with minor clarifications; the profiles
parameter is added by this document. By labeling content with the
specific codecs indicated to render the contained media, receiving
systems can determine if the codecs are supported by the end system,
and if not, can take appropriate action (such as rejecting the
content, sending notification of the situation, transcoding the
content to a supported type, fetching and installing the required
codecs, further inspection to determine if it will be sufficient to
support a subset of the indicated codecs, etc.) Similarly, the
profiles can provide an overall indication, to the receiver, of the
specifications with which the content complies. This is an indication
of the compatibility of the container format and its contents to some
specification. The receiver may be able to work out the extent to
which it can handle and render the content by examining to see which
of the declared profiles it supports, and what they mean.
Optimization of space borne imaging ladar sensor for asteroid studies using parameter design (2002)

Imaging LADAR is a hybrid technology that offers the ability to measure basic physical and morphological characteristics (topography, rotational state, and density) of a small body from a single fast flyby, without requiring months in orbit. In addition, the imaging LADAR provides key flight navigation information including range, altitude, hazard/target avoidance, and closed-loop landing/fly-by navigation information. The Near Laser Ranger demonstrated many of these capabilities as part of the NEAR mission. The imaging LADAR scales the concept of a laser ranger into a full 3D imager. Imaging LADAR systems combine laser illumination of the target (which means that imaging is independent of solar illumination and the image SNR is controlled by the observer), with laser ranging and imaging (producing high resolution 3D images in a fraction of the time necessary for a passive imager). The technical concept described below alters the traditional design space (dominated by pulsed LADAR systems) with the introduction of a pseudo-noise (PN) coded continuous wave (CW) laser system which allows for variable range resolution mapping and leverages enormous commercial investments in high power, long-life lasers for telecommunications.