gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fournier's Gangrene: A Model for Early Prediction (2014)

Early diagnosis remains the cornerstone of management of Fournier's gangrene. As a result of variable progression of disease, identifying early predictors of necrosis becomes a diagnostic challenge. We present a scoring system based on objective admission criteria, which can help distinguish Fournier's gangrene from nonnecrotizing scrotal infections. Ninety-six patients were identified, 38 diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene and 58 diagnosed with scrotal cellulitis or abscess. Statistical analyses comparing admission vital signs, laboratory values, and imaging studies were performed and Classification and Regression Tree analysis was used to construct a scoring system. Admission heart rate greater than 110 beats/minute, serum sodium less than 135 mmol/L, blood urea nitrogen greater than 15 mg/dL, and white blood cell count greater than 15 × 10(3)/μL were significant predictors of Fournier's gangrene. Using a threshold score of two or greater, our model differentiates patients with Fournier's gangrene from those with nonnecrotizing infections with a sensitivity of 84.2 per cent. Only 34.2 per cent of patients with Fournier's gangrene had hard signs of necrotizing infection on admission, which were not observed in patients with nonnecrotizing infections. Objective admission criteria assist in distinguishing Fournier's gangrene from scrotal cellulitis or abscess. In situations in which results of the physical examination are ambiguous, this scoring system can heighten the index of suspicion for Fournier's gangrene and prompt rapid surgical intervention.
THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF EARLIEST GLAUCOMATOUS VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS DOCUMENTED BY AUTOMATIC PERIMETRY (1984)

2500-3000 eyes with ocular hypertension, with or without established glaucoma in the fellow eye, were followed with automatic perimetry for several years. Forty-five eyes showed a documented change from repeated normal fields to reproducible glaucomatous visual field loss. The location of the defective points in the first pathological field of each eye was registered. The resulting frequency distribution is shown and discussed.
Development of Hybrid Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Photovoltaic Devices by FASST® Printing Process (2008)

Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) films for high efficiency photovoltaic devices are controllably and cost-effectively produced by the novel short-cycle-time Field-Assisted Simultaneous Synthesis and Transfer (FASST®) process. The FASST® process is a two-stage reactive transfer printing method that forms CIGS through the chemical reaction between two separate precursor films, one deposited on the substrate and the other on a reusable printing plate in the first stage. In the second stage, the precursors are brought into intimate contact and rapidly reacted under pressure in the presence of an applied electrostatic field, effectively creating a sealed micro-reactor that ensures high material utilization efficiency, direct control of reaction pressure, and low thermal budget. The use of two independent precursors uniquely enables independent composition and deposition technique optimization, eliminating pre-reaction prior to the synthesis of CIGS. This flexibility has proven immensely valuable as is demonstrated in the results of depositing the two reactant films by various combinations of low-cost solution-based and conventional vacuum-based physical vapor deposition techniques, producing in several minutes high quality “hybrid” CIGS with large grains on the order of several microns. Cell efficiencies as high as 12.2% have been achieved to date using the FASST® method.
Acid Corrosion Inhibition By High Molecular Weight Nitrogen-Containing Compounds (1955)

The adsorption of various long chain amines, amine acetates, quaternary salts, and ethylene oxide-octade-cylamine condensates from benzene solution onto steel was determined. The acid dissolution of steel with previously adsorbed inhibitor and the dissolution of steel in aqueous inhibited acid solution were also studied. For the dodecyl compounds of each series, 1) adsorption for a di-amine can take place through both amine groups, 2) amine salts are not as effectively adsorbed as amines and 3) a high molecular weight quaternary salt is strongly adsorbed even though it has no available bonding electrons. Inhibitor effectiveness for these compounds adsorbed from benzene solution onto steel are in decreasing order, 1) quaternary salt, 2) di-amine, 3) mono-amine, and 4) mono-amine acetate. In inhibited acid solutions, long chain amine acetates and quaternary salts furnish better than 90 percent inhibition in the concentration range of 3.75 to 15 × 10−4 molar. Ethylene oxide and octadecylamine condensation products were less effective in this concentration range, providing approximately 85 percent inhibition. However, they were more effective than the amine acetates and quaternary salts where less than 3.75 × 10−4 molar.
Bioorthogonale enzymatische Aktivierung maskierter Verbindungen (2015)

Abstract Wir berichten über die Verwendung evolvierter Varianten von Cytochrom‐P450‐Monooxygenasen als hochaktive und hochselektive Katalysatoren für die bioorthogonale Aktivierung Propargylether‐ und Benzylether‐maskierter Substrate, einschließlich der erfolgreichen Entschützung in lebenden E. coli . Docking‐Studien und Moleküldynamik‐Simulationen stützen die beobachtete Selektivität. Diese Studie veranschaulicht den möglichen Nutzen von bioorthogonalen Paaren aus Enzym und Schutzgruppe für Anwendungen in den Lebenswissenschaften.
Fabrication and characterization of As 2 S 3 /Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 and Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 /SOI strip-loaded waveguides for integrated optical isolator applications (2010)

Fabrication and characterization of As[subscript 2]S[subscript 3]/Y[subscript 3]Fe[subscript 5]O[subscript 12] and Y[subscript 3]Fe[subscript 5]O[subscript 12]/SOI striploaded waveguides for integrated optical isolator applications
Model-Based Design of Time-Triggered Real-Time Embedded systems for industrial automation (2015)

This paper presents a novel Model-Based Design (MBD) approach and associated tool-chain for the Time-Triggered Real-time Embedded (TTRE) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> systems. Our tool-chain automatically synthesizes software for manufacturing TTRE systems. A Software-In-the-Loop Simulation (SILS) framework integrated into our tool-chain helps to reduce the design iterations. Using a manufacturing robot-arm use-case, we validate our tool-chain and demonstrate a 39× improvement in the Quality-of-Control (QoC) when compared to the state-of-the-art approach [3]. Our auto-generated scheduler meets all the hard real-time constraints (zero deadline misses) for a given TTRE system when compared to the scheduler (e.g., 145 deadline misses for a CPU utilization of 95%) presented in [1], [25]. Moreover, compared to the traditional MBD approach for the TTRE systems where many design iterations are required [4], our approach and tool-chain can generate high quality and accurate tasks with an associated scheduler in a single design iteration.
Non-Invasive Spectroscopy for Measuring Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation and Metabolism as a Function of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (2022)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measure cerebral hemodynamics, which in turn can be used to assess the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO<sub>2</sub>) and cerebral autoregulation (CA). However, current mathematical models for CMRO<sub>2</sub> estimation make assumptions that break down for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)-induced changes in CA. Here, we performed preclinical experiments with controlled changes in CPP while simultaneously measuring NIRS and DCS at rest. We observed changes in arterial oxygen saturation (~10%) and arterial blood volume (~50%) with CPP, two variables often assumed to be constant in CMRO<sub>2</sub> estimations. Hence, we propose a general mathematical model that accounts for these variations when estimating CMRO<sub>2</sub> and validate its use for CA monitoring on our experimental data. We observed significant changes in the various oxygenation parameters, including the coupling ratio (CMRO<sub>2</sub>/blood flow) between regions of autoregulation and dysregulation. Our work provides an appropriate model and preliminary experimental evidence for the use of NIRS- and DCS-based tissue oxygenation and metabolism metrics for non-invasive diagnosis of CA health in CPP-altering neuropathologies.
Ventricular interaction rather than electrical resynchronisation determines haemodynamic response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in dyssynchronous heart failure (2013)

Purpose: It is still unclear why left ventricular and biventricular pacing (LVP and BiVP, respectively) have comparative positive effects on haemodynamic function of patients with dyssynchronous heart failure (HF). To enhance understanding of the working mechanism of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), we assessed haemodynamic and local electromechanical consequences of LVP in comparison to BiVP. Methods: Haemodynamic response to LVP and BiVP (%-change LVdP/dtmax) was measured in 6 dogs with HF and left-bundle branch block (LBBB) and in 40 HF patients with QRS-width ≥120ms, followed by computer simulations of local myofibre mechanics during LVP and BiVP in the failing heart with LBBB. Pacing-induced changes of electrical activation were measured in dogs using contact mapping and in patients using a noninvasive multielectrode epicardial electrocardiographic mapping technique. Results: LVP and BiVP similarly increased LVdP/dtmax in dogs (p=0.33) and in patients (p=0.93), but only BiVP significantly decreased electrical dyssynchrony (Figure). In the simulations, LVP and BiVP increased total ventricular myofibre work to the same extent (Figure). While the LVP-induced increase was entirely due to enhanced right ventricular (RV) myofibre work, the BiVP-induced increase was due to enhanced myofibre work of both the LV and RV. Overall, LVdP/dtmax correlated better with total ventricular myofibre work than with LV or RV myofibre work alone. Conclusions: Experimental, human, and computational data support the similarity of haemodynamic response to LVP and BiVP, despite differences in electrical dyssynchrony. The simulations provide the novel insight that, through ventricular interaction, the RV myocardium importantly contributes to the improvement in LV pump function induced by CRT.
Image Tagging and Search – A Gender Oriented Study (2012)

Social computing sites constitute a valuable source of usergenerated content for user modeling. Whereas user generated content and the mining of such content are well studied, little attention has been given in the literature to modeling the relationship between users ’ personal information and content. Here we analyze the relation of user gender to the choice of tags to describe a photo. A large user sample is examined to produce gender-related tagging vocabularies and tag representations. 1000 salient tags ’ male and female representations are compared and results indicate that there are important differences between gender based term choices in a large majority of cases. To test the influence of gender on retrieval, we built a gender sensitive image search prototype and tested it, using a survey. Results show that around two thirds of participants tend to prefer image search results obtained using tag representations of their own gender and that a third of participants have a clear preference for their own gender’s results.
Influence of the Turbulence Length Scale and Intensity on Spark Ignition of Kerosene Jet-A1–Air Mixtures at High Altitude Relight Conditions (2014)

In recent years Avio Aero and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have significantly enhanced their available experimental technology level in order to consolidate and deepen the investigation of some critical phenomena in aero-engine gas turbine combustion. A key parameter in the development of a lean-burn combustor is the design of the ignition system. The increase in the amount of air that flows through the primary zone to approximately 60% of the overall air proves to be beneficial for emissions reduction. In return it causes shorter residence times in the primary zone and makes the flame kernel generation and propagation a real challenge. With the scope to enhance the fundamental understanding of the ignition process at altitude conditions, the ISCRA rig (Ignition in Subatmospheric Conditions – Rig for Altitude Relight Investigation) has been designed and manufactured at the KIT. The design of the rig allows the generation of altitude conditions at variable flow velocities and turbulence characteristics. An optical access for ignition recording by a CCD camera is also provided. The paper presents the results of a fundamental investigation at the KIT using a generic setup. It consists of a pressure atomizer with known atomization properties mounted in a test rig which allows the variation of several parameters that influence ignition, namely: air pressure; air temperature; velocity; Fuel-Air-Ratio (FAR); Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD); spark energy; turbulence intensity and length scale. Two grey spots that exist in the knowledge map of the ignition process are addressed in this paper. These are data on kerosene spray ignition at temperatures below 293 K, where data is scarce and the relationship between flame kernel generation and propagation, which has not been broadly investigated nor is well understood. The ignition probabilities of kerosene sprays as a function of ignition energy in the temperature range from 253 K to 293 K, pressure of 0.7 bar, flow velocities up to 6 m/s at different turbulence intensities and length scales are measured. Furthermore, the influence of the above mentioned parameters on the kernel generation and propagation is presented and discussed. Results show that the energy required for flame kernel propagation is higher than for flame kernel generation. This difference increases at lower temperature and higher turbulence intensity. The paper gives an insight in magnitude of this difference in energy and compares the tendencies with an earlier model. The absolute values need to and will be corrected by future in situ measurements.
A Plasmonic DNAzyme Strategy for Point‐of‐Care Genetic Detection of Infectious Pathogens (2013)

Schnell erkannt: Eine DNAzym-Signalverstärkung (siehe Schema) wurde mit Goldnanopartikeln (GNPs) kombiniert, um einen einfachen und empfindlichen kolorimetrischen Assay für verschiedene genetische Zielstrukturen zu erhalten. Der Assay hat eine Empfindlichkeit von 50 pM, erfordert keine Reinigungsschritte und kann mehrere Zielstrukturen parallel detektieren. Infektionen mit Gonorrhoe, Syphilis, Malaria und Hepatitis B ließen sich so schnell nachweisen.
Detergent (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Panel on granularity in access control (2013)

This panel will address the following question. Does an increase in the granularity of access control systems produce a measurable reduction in risk and help meet the goals of the organization, or is the cost prohibitively high?
Abstract 20027: Decellularized Aortic Allograft Vs. Pulmonary Autograft for Aortic Valve Replacement in Growing Sheep Model: Haemodynamic and Morphological Results After Implantation for 20 Months (2014)

Introduction: Pulmonary autograft (PA) represents the substitute of choice for aortic valve replacement especially in children and young adults. Similarly, decellularized aortic valves (DAV) showed excellent midterm function when implanted into the systemic circulation. The aim of this study was to compare DAVs to pulmonary autografts after Ross procedure in the growing sheep model.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Aortic valve root replacement was performed in lambs (35-45kg) using either DAVs (n=5) or PAs (n=5) as in Ross procedure. Haemodynamics were investigated by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The roots were explanted at 20 months and investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The mean valve diameter increased from 14 to 23mm and from15 to 25mm in DAVs and PAs, respectively. Of all implanted grafts, only one PA exhibited moderate insufficiency at explantation. No significant differences were determined in mean transvalvular gradient between grafts of both groups at implantation and prior explantation. Cusps of all implants were soft, pliable without gross signs of degeneration. Repopulation with cells of DAVs occurred at the wall and cusp level without immune reaction. The endothelial lining was regularly restored.

Conclusion: Decellularized aortic allografts and pulmonary autografts provide adequate and comparable haemodynamics after aortic valve replacement in growing sheep. Furthermore, maintenance of valvular competence during enlargement of the valve ring indicates the capacity for physiological growth in both graft types.
Exergy-Based Optimization Strategies for Multi-Component Data Center Thermal Management: Part II — Application and Validation (2005)

Recent work has proposed an exergy-based strategy to achieve optimal system-wide performance via localized control of individual data center thermal management components. This paper presents the results of a case study where the proposed approach is applied to a data center with two rows of computing racks and two Computer Room Air-Conditioning (CRAC) units. The formulated model is used to predict the optimal data center configuration in terms of supply temperatures, flowrates, and rack heat load configurations. Two extreme cases are chosen: one with the maximum experimental heat load in the data center, and one with a minimal experimental heat load. For each case, the optimal settings for each CRAC unit were predicted using the model and using temperature + flow measurements in the data center. The setpoints predicted by the model for optimal CRAC flow and supply temperature were within 25% of the experimentally determined optima.
Estimands: discussion points from the PSI estimands and sensitivity expert group (2016)

ICH E9 Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials was issued in 1998. In October 2014, an addendum to ICH E9 was proposed relating to estimands and sensitivity analyses. In preparation for the release of the addendum, Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry held a 1-day expert group meeting in February 2015. Topics debated included definition, development, implementation, education and communication challenges associated with estimands and sensitivity analyses. The topic of estimands is an important and relatively new one in clinical development. A clear message from the meeting was that estimands bridge the gap between study objectives and statistical methods. When defining estimands, an iterative process linking trial objectives, estimands, trial design, statistical and sensitivity analysis needs to be established. Each objective should have at least one distinct estimand, supported by sensitivity analyses. Because clinical trials are multi-faceted and expensive, it is unrealistic to restrict a study to a single objective and associated estimand. The actual set of estimands and sensitivity analyses for a study will depend on the study objectives, the disease setting and the needs of the various stakeholders. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fonctionnalisation non-covalente de nanotubes de carbone mono-feuillets : étude du confinement de molécules photo-actives et intercalation de rubidium. (2013)

This experimental work concerns the development and the study of 1D hybrid systems of single-walled carbon nanotubes non-covalently fonctionnalized. Two different approaches are discussed. The first experimental study deals with the intercalation of rubidium in carbon nanotubes bundles. The aim is to link structural and electronic properties along the doping process. To do, we developed an original and dedicated home-made set adapted to the use on synchrotron facilities. It permits the following of the intercalation by means of an in-situ multi-techniques approach. In this part, we pointed out that the local environnement of rubidium is dependant of the compound stœchiometries. It appears that oxygenated surface defects are first occupied for low doping rates. The structure modification is also linked to a semiconducting/metal transition of carbon nanotubes observed by resistance measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The second experimental study is devoted to the confinement of oligothiophenes inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. X-Ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electronic microscopy measurements demonstrate the efficiency of our encapsulation process. Several spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible and infrared absorptions and Raman diffusion indicate a weak charge transfer between both systems. This result is well evidenced by the profile, intensity and frequency modifications of the high frequency Raman modes. We note the good agreement of these results with the energy renormalisation of phonons discussed in the literature. In addition, some confinement effects depending on carbon nanotubes diameter are pointed out by the study of low frequency Raman modes. Two models are proposed to explain the observed trend. The first one suggests a behavior independent of the nature of the inserted element. In the second one, the number of oligothiophene chains encapsulated in function of carbon nanotubes diameter is considered. We also show a significative influence of carbon nanotube defects on hybrid systems.
Minimizing analyte electrolysis in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a redox buffer coated emitter electrode (2010)

An emitter electrode with an electroactive poly(pyrrole) (PPy) polymer film coating was constructed for use in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The PPy film acted as a surface-attached redox buffer limiting the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode. While extensive oxidation of selected analytes (reserpine and amodiaquine) was observed in positive ion mode ESI using a bare metal (gold) emitter electrode, the oxidation was suppressed for these same analytes when using the PPy-coated electrode. A semi-quantitative relationship between the rate of oxidation observed and the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode was shown. The redox buffer capacity, and therefore the lifetime of the redox buffering effect, correlated with the oxidation potential of the analyte and with the magnitude of the film charge capacity. Online reduction of the PPy polymer layer using negative ion mode ESI between analyte injections was shown to successfully restore the redox buffering capacity of the polymer film to its initial state.