gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Preclinical Evaluation of Antimycin A as a Potential Antilung Cancer Stem Cell Agent (2013)

Drug resistance and tumor recurrence are major obstacles in treating lung cancer patients. Accumulating evidence considers lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the major contributor to these clinical challenges. Agents that can target lung CSCs could potentially provide a more effective treatment than traditional chemotherapy. Here, we utilized the side-population (SP) method to isolate lung CSCs from A549 and PC-9 cell lines. Subsequently, a high throughput platform, connectivity maps (CMAPs), was used to identify potential anti-CSC agents. An antibiotic, antimycin A (AMA), was identified as a top candidate. SP A549 cells exhibited an elevated stemness profile, including Nanog, β -catenin, Sox2, and CD133, and increased self-renewal ability. AMA treatment was found to suppress β -catenin signaling components and tumor sphere formation. Furthermore, AMA treatment decreased the proliferation of gefitinib-resistant PC-9/GR cells and percentage of SP population. AMA demonstrated synergistic suppression of PC-9/GR cell viability when combined with gefitinib. Finally, AMA treatment suppressed tumorigenesis in mice inoculated with A549 SP cells. Collectively, we have identified AMA using CMAP as a novel antilung CSC agent, which acts to downregulate β -catenin signaling. The combination of AMA and targeted therapeutic agents could be considered for overcoming drug resistance and relapse in lung cancer patients.
Gray matter blood‐brain barrier water exchange dynamics are reduced in progressive multiple sclerosis (2021)

Transcapillary water exchange is reduced in PMS NAGM compared to HC and is further reduced in PMS WM lesions, suggesting pathologically impaired brain metabolism. k<sub>po</sub> provides a sensitive measure of cerebral metabolic activity and/or coupling, and can be mapped at higher spatial resolution than conventional imaging techniques assessing metabolic activity.
Automated serial sectioning applied to 3D paper structure analysis (2010)

A better understanding of paper properties requires a detailed knowledge about the spatial arrangement of its constituent materials in its structure. This paper presents a novel approach for the analysis of the three-dimensional paper structure at the fibre level. A technique combining a rotary microtome and an optical microscopy was developed allowing serial sectioning of hundreds of cuts. The microscope is fixed on a moveable stage and mounted in front of a microtome. Repeatedly, thin slices are cut off an embedded paper sample and the cut block surface is scanned in a fully automated process. The prototype built is able to digitize paper samples with a size of more than 1 cm(2) at a possible three-dimensional resolution below 1 μm. Advanced computer vision methods are applied to extract relevant information from the digitized samples. Currently, the most important applications are the analysis of pigment coating layers on the paper surfaces and the analysis of fibre transverse morphology. Besides the analysis of paper structures, this technique is also suited for the spatial analysis of other materials, if the structural features are accessible with light optical microscopy.
Fuzzified neural network for similar/dissimilar sensor fusion (2002)

We explore the robustness of a sensor fusion system as a function of failed sensors. Neural networks are applied to classify data from a sensor suite. Two dissimilar sensor types are used to produce three spectral patterns (in red, green, and blue wavelength regions) per sensor location (three sensor locations were used). The main goal of this effort is to improve the sensor fusion confidence level by introducing several realizations of a neural network. Each specific neural network realization is activated upon a specific sensor failure configuration during the recognition stage. In such a case, the number of NN realization is equal to the number of failed sensor combinations. To reduce the number of NN realizations, fuzzification of the NN weights is proposed. An experimental demonstration of the proposed concept is also included.
Perspective on Engineering Transition-Metal Oxides (2013)

Engineering transition-metal oxides depends on understanding a few general concepts. Three of these are discussed: (1) orbital mixing and the roles of cation-d/O-2p covalent bonding as distinct from on-site cation–orbital hybridization; (2) cooperativity in ordering (a) localized orbitals to remove an orbital degeneracy, (b) ferroic atomic displacements, and (c) bond lengths in a charge-density wave; and (3) cation-site expansion at the crossover from itinerant to localized electron behavior. The latter can stabilize a first-order transition to a ferromagnetic metallic phase on the approach to crossover from the itinerant-electron side or, in a single-valent compound, an intermediate charge-density-wave phase on the approach to crossover from either the localized- or itinerant-electron side. In a mixed-valent compound, a two-phase segregation at a first-order crossover may be static or mobile, and a mobile second phase may become ordered at low temperature to stabilize high-temperature superconductivity.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkenes by Using Unimolecular Chain Transfer Reactions of Silicon Hydrides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Synthesis of Alkenes by Using Unimolecular Chain Transfer Reactions of Silicon HydridesAngeles Martinez-Grau and Dennis P. CurranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 26, 8332–8333Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00131a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00131a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High Prevalence of the CD14-159CC Genotype in Patients Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (2007)

To investigate whether genetic factors of innate immunity might influence susceptibility and/or progression in individuals infected with SARS, we evaluated the CD14 gene polymorphism in 198 Hong Kong blood donors and 152 Hong Kong severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients who were previously genotyped for FcgammaRIIA polymorphisms. The prevalence of the CD14-159CC polymorphism was significantly higher in the patients with severe SARS than in the those with mild SARS or controls (31% versus 15% [mild SARS] or 20% [controls]; mild SARS: P = 0.029; odds ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 6.57; controls, P = 0.04; odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 5.54), and both CD14-159CC and FcgammaRIIA-RR131 are risk genotypes for severe SARS-CoV infection.
Passivity-Based Thermohygrometric Control in Buildings (2017)

This paper presents a modeling and control method for the thermohygrometric condition (temperature and humidity) in a multizone building. The interconnection between the zones is captured through an undirected graph. Employing an electrical circuit analogy, rooms represent capacitances, and walls and doors/windows are resistances. This model characterizes both mass and heat transfer between the zones and their coupling within each zone, extending the temperature-only resistance-capacitance models commonly used in the building control literature. By using physics-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, we verify that this lumped-parameter model is a reasonable approximation of the physical system. The control objective is to drive the temperature and humidity of each zone into the comfort region in the psychrometric chart, using the mass-flow rate of the supplied air into the zone as the control input. In contrast to thermal-only building control, the challenge of this problem is to use a single control variable, mass-flow rate, to regulate both temperature and humidity. Our approach is to first design a feedforward control based on the desired steady-state condition within the comfort zone. We then draw on our previous work on passivity-based building temperature control to show that the thermohygrometric model around the steady state is strictly passive, from the mass-flow rate to a synthetic output combining temperature and humidity. This allows the use of any passive feedback controller combined with the feedforward to achieve robust stabilization about the desired operating point. The feedforward may be further adaptively updated, resulting in an integral-control term in the controller. Finally, to reduce the energy usage, we only apply the controller outside of the comfort zone and turn OFF the controller within the comfort zone. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, simulation results using both the lumped and CFD models are presented for an existing physical six-room testbed.
Longitudinal optical coherence tomography study of optic atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results from a clinical trial cohort (2017)

This study suggests that eyes with and without ON history may be pooled for atrophy analysis in SPMS clinical trials using SD-OCT. Low baseline RNFL, small retinal atrophy rates, and lack of correlation with whole-brain atrophy in this population are important trial design considerations.
Ag/ZnO nanoparticles thin films as visible light photocatalysts (2014)

Silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were simultaneously deposited on a glass substrate using the radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique at different substrate temperatures. Detailed characterization of the co-sputtered Ag/ZnO thin films was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as synthesized thin films were tested using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to evaluate their optical properties. The obtained SEM results show a uniform dispersion of Ag nanoparticles within the ZnO matrix. These nanoparticles have average particle size of 20 nm. The optical band gap value was calculated from UV transmission spectra of Ag/ZnO thin films deposited at various substrate temperatures. This value was observed to be in the visible light range (i.e., 2.7–3.1 eV), which is much smaller than that of pure ZnO (3.37 eV). The photocatalytic activity of the produced thin films was evaluated through visible light photodegradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) which has been used as a pollutant model in water. The synthesized thin films showed enhanced visible light photocatalytic efficiency towards 2-CP degradation at elevated substrate temperature and retained their catalytic efficiency with only 8% loss in efficiency after four reuse cycles. Kinetic parameters involved in the degradation process were investigated by applying a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Prospective Evaluation of Real‐time Use of the Pulmonary Embolism Rule‐out Criteria in an Academic Emergency Department (2010)

Clinicians seldom document all nine data elements of the PERC rule in patients they deem PERC negative. These data suggest the need for paper or electronic aids to support use of the PERC rule.
A micromachined tunable CPW resonator (2002)

This paper presents a novel tunable microwave resonator, consisting of a CPW spiral inductor with a cantilever interconnect structure. Tuning was achieved by applying a DC bias between the input and output of the resonator circuit. An observable resonance tuning between 3 and 7 GHz was accomplished by applying a bias from 0 to 40 V. Corresponding Q-factors between 17 and 20 were obtained in this tuning range.
Abstract 1147: High-throughput nanofluidic PCR-based preparation of 454 sequencing libraries for identifying mutations in EGFR and MET (2010)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) play important roles in cancer development and are promising targets for anticancer therapies. Mutations in the EGFR and MET genes are associated with multiple types of cancer and the ability to detect variants in these genes is crucial for a better understanding of disease progression and response to targeted therapeutics. Next-generation sequencers (e.g. 454, Illumina) hold great potential for detecting disease-specific alterations within patient populations for a given cancer type. However, current approaches for targeted resequencing of specific genetic regions are not well suited to studying the hundreds or thousands of patient samples required to assign significance to mutations. We have developed a novel nanofluidic platform, the Access Array™ system, which enables the robust, simultaneous amplification of 48 PCR products (amplicon) from 48 samples in parallel using only 50ng input DNA per sample. In addition, we have developed a primer design strategy that incorporates sample-specific barcodes and 454 sequencing adaptors into each amplicon, removing the need for library preparation before sequencing. We will present sequencing data collected from amplicon libraries prepared using the Access Array system to amplify 48 exon regions of the EGFR and MET genes from the NCI-60 cell lines. Sequencing data from these libraries demonstrates excellent uniformity in representation between amplicons and across samples. We will present data mapping mutations within these genes across the NCI-60, and discuss the use of Access Array enrichment panels in monitoring mutations across large patient populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1147.
Brief announcement (2014)

Lock-free concurrent algorithms guarantee that some concurrent operation will always make progress in a finite number of steps. Yet programmers prefer to treat concurrent code as if it were wait-free, guaranteeing that all operations always make progress. Unfortunately, designing wait-free algorithms is generally a very complex task, and the resulting algorithms are not always efficient. While obtaining efficient wait-free algorithms has been a long-time goal for the theory community, most non-blocking commercial code is only lock-free.
Ring Oscillator Based Smart Temperature Sensor Using All-Digital Sigma-Delta Modulator (2022)

In this work, an on-chip smart temperature sensor is presented. The design is based on a bias circuit providing two bias currents, two ring oscillators, an up/dow <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$n$</tex> counter, and a simple binary counter. One bias current has a positive temperature coefficient (PTAT), while the other bias current has a negative temperature coefficient (CTAT). The two currents bias the ring oscillators, producing the PTAT and the CTAT frequency clocks. The outputs of the two oscillators are combined and further processed using the all-digital implementation of time domain Sigma-Delta <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\Sigma\triangle)$</tex> converter. The architecture is designed in 180-nm technology, and the nominal simulation results are presented, together with Monte Carlo analysis. The achieved accuracy <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(3\sigma)$</tex> is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pm 5.4^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$</tex> , within the temperature range from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$-40^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$125^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$</tex> , and the mean resolution is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.293^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$</tex> .
Visible-Light-Induced Phosgenation Reaction of Amines by Oxygenation of Chloroform Using Chlorine Dioxide (2022)

Carbamoyl chloride supports modern society as a building block for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers. Although carbamoyl chlorides are generally synthesized via the reaction of amines with phosgene (COCl2), these applications of COCl2 have recently been avoided because of its high toxicity. Herein, we report the visible-light-induced in-situ preparation of COCl2 through the oxygenation of chloroform in the presence of chlorine dioxide, which leads to the safe constructions of carbamoyl chlorides with good-to-high yields and wide substrate scopes. In addition, this method can also be applied to the synthesis of various carbonates that are the starting materials for resins such as polycarbonates and polyurethanes.
Pattern-Integrated Interference Lithography for 2D and 3D Photonic Crystals (2013)

Pattern-Integrated Interference Lithography (PIIL) couples interference lithography and imaging lithography to produce periodic microstructures with integrated functional elements in a single-exposure step. In this work, 2D-PIIL is reviewed and 3D-PIIL is simulated.
Motexafin Gadolinium Causes Apoptosis in Lymphoma Cells by Increasing Intracellular Free Zinc and Disrupting Redox Balance. (2005)

Abstract Motexafin gadolinium (MGd, Xcytrin®) is an anti-cancer agent that is being studied in clinical trials in various types of cancer including hematologic malignancies. MGd has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis in myeloma and lymphoma cells, and to cause an increase in intracellular levels of free zinc. We now report the effect of MGd and exogenous zinc on intracellular levels of free zinc, oxidative stress, proliferation, and cell death in human B-cell lymphoma and other hematologic cell lines. To better understand the molecular basis of these cellular responses, gene expression profiling analyses were conducted on Ramos cell cultures treated with MGd and/or zinc acetate. In cultures treated with MGd and zinc, 21% of Ramos cells were apoptotic within 8 hours of treatment as demonstrated by Annexin V staining. The apoptotic fraction increased to 30% within 12 hours and 68% by 24 hours. Analogous results were obtained using JC-1, with 38% of Ramos cells exhibiting non-aggregated (green) JC-1 fluorescence characteristic of mitochondrial dysfunction within 8 hours of combined treatment with MGd and zinc. This fraction increased to 52% by 12 hours and 74% by 24 hours. MGd and zinc similarly increased cell death in other B-cell lines (Raji, DB, DHL-4 and HF-1) tested. We also found that increased levels of oxidative stress and intracellular free zinc preceded and correlated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cultures treated with MGd or zinc acetate alone elicited transcriptional responses characterized by induction of metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) and hypoxia inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1) regulated genes. Cultures co-treated with MGd and zinc acetate displayed further increases in the levels of MTF-1 and HIF-1 regulated transcripts and also additional transcripts regulated by NF-E2-related transcription factor 2 (NRF-2). HIF-1 activation can have negative consequences for cell growth and survival by induction of targets linked to apoptosis, whereas NRF-2 activation is characteristic of cells responding to disruption of redox balance. These data demonstrate that MGd increases intracellular free zinc and oxidative stress levels in lymphoma cells that activate adaptive survival responses but eventually lead to cell death.
Enhancement of moisture sensitivity performance of a FBGA (2002)

One of the main package reliability limitations of fine pitch BGA (FBGA) is its moisture sensitivity performance, i.e. popcorn failure. Package reliability of different packaging materials is thus normally employed to determine the optimal material combination for good moisture performance. This paper attempts to understand the impact of solder mask design on the package moisture sensitivity. It also determines the die attach adhesion strength material and mold compound selection criteria. By correlating the shear strength to package moisture sensitivity performance, it provides an approach for selecting die attach materials that will enhance the moisture resistance of the package.
Microwave tomography of high dielectric contrast objects. Gradient method in two-dimensional approach (2002)

A new reconstruction algorithm in the microwave tomography problem for objects with high contrast in dielectrical properties is proposed. The algorithm is based on approaches developed in an area of control optimization. Generalization and development of these approaches into the non-linear case leads to a refusal of the strong restriction on low contrast in microwave tomography. The algorithm was applied in a two-dimensional (2D) case under parabolic approximation. Successful image reconstruction of 2D mathematical models and physical phantoms placed into a 2D microwave tomographic system with high contrast in dielectric properties were demonstrated.
Screening of Drugs to Treat 8p11 Myeloproliferative Syndrome Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Fusion Gene CEP110-FGFR1 (2015)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells provide powerful tools for studying disease mechanisms and developing therapies for diseases. The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS) is an aggressive chronic myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) that is caused by constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. EMS is rare and, consequently, effective treatment for this disease has not been established. Here, iPS cells were generated from an EMS patient (EMS-iPS cells) to assist the development of effective therapies for EMS. When iPS cells were co-cultured with murine embryonic stromal cells, EMS-iPS cells produced more hematopoietic progenitor and hematopoietic cells, and CD34+ cells derived from EMS-iPS cells exhibited 3.2-7.2-fold more macrophage and erythroid colony forming units (CFUs) than those derived from control iPS cells. These data indicate that EMS-iPS cells have an increased hematopoietic differentiation capacity, which is characteristic of MPDs. To determine whether a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) could suppress the increased number of CFUs formed by EMS-iPS-induced CD34+ cells, cells were treated with one of four TKIs (CHIR258, PKC 412, ponatinib, and imatinib). CHIR258, PKC 412, and ponatinib reduced the number of CFUs formed by EMS-iPS-induced CD34+ cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas imatinib did not. Similar effects were observed on primary peripheral blood cells (more than 90% of which were blasts) isolated from the patient. This study provides evidence that the EMS-iPS cell line is a useful tool for the screening of drugs to treat EMS and to investigate the mechanism underlying this disease.