gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial studies of in vivo absorbing and scattering heterogeneity in near-infrared tomographic breast imaging (2001)

Simultaneously recovered absorption and scattering images that separate these optical property features within the female breast are demonstrated from frequency-domain measurements. A study of known absorbing and scattering objects is presented as a foundation for interpreting these in vivo images once the contrast space has been fully characterized. No measurable influence of absorbing-object contrast appears in the scattering images, whereas localized scattering contrast enhances the corresponding region within the absorption image by approximately 30% (e.g., a 2:1 scatterer also reconstructs as an approximately 1.3:1 absorber). Scattering and absorption images of a female volunteer with a 3.4-cm fibroadenoma show a clear 2:1 localized increase in absorption coefficient with little or no evidence of scattering enhancement in the lesion.
Defect states in perovskite solar cells associated with hysteresis and performance (2016)

External quantum efficiency and transient photocapacitance (TPC) spectra were obtained for perovskite solar cells with methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite absorbers formed by either dip or vapor conversion. These measurements reveal an extended band of sub-gap states in all of the devices studied. The defect band is best fit by a pair of defects, and the appearance of the defect signal in the transient photocapacitance spectra indicates that at least one of the observed defects is in the perovskite absorber. The cells with the largest density of defect states show the lowest short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage for slow, quasi-steady-state, current density-voltage sweeps and the largest hysteresis in short-circuit current density for fast sweeps. This suggests that defect states in the perovskite absorber limit steady-state device performance, and that these defects or associated mobile charges play a role in the hysteresis observed in current density-voltage measurements.
A Wide Power-Supply Range (0.5V-to-1.3V) Wide Tuning Range (500 MHz-to-8 GHz) All-Static CMOS AD PLL in 65nm SOI (2007)

An all-static CMOS 65nm SOI ADPLL has a fully programmable loop filter and a 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order DeltaSigmamodulator. The DCO is a 3-stage, static-inverter-based ring-oscillator programmable in 768 frequency steps. The ADPLL locks from 500MHz to 8GHz at 1.3V 25degC, and 90MHz to 1.2GHz at 0.5V 100degC. The area is 200times150mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and it dissipates 8mW/GHz at 1.2V and 1.6mW/GHz at 0.5V. The synthesized 4GHz clock has period jitter of 0.7ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> , and long-term jitter of 6ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> . The phase noise is -110dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset
The rectification of radio-frequency signal by magnetic domain wall in a single-layered ferromagnetic nanowire (2007)

The rectifying effect of a constant-wave radio frequency (rf) current by a magnetic domain wall (DW) in a single-layered ferromagnetic wire is presented. A direct-current (dc) voltage is generated by the spin torque diode effect, which is a consequence of magnetoresistance oscillation due to the resonant spin wave excitation induced by the spin-polarized rf current. The dc voltage spectrum strongly depends on the internal spin structure in the DW, which corresponds to the magnetic fingerprint of the spin structure in the ferromagnetic wire.
Isoreticular Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture (2020)

The isoreticular principle has been applied to construct two copper metal-organic framework (MOF) analogues with different porosities for the adsorptive capture of CO<sub>2</sub> from N<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> at 1 atm and 298 K. By using a 4-substituted isophthalate linker with a bulky nitro group, the microporous MOF [Cu(BDC-NO<sub>2</sub>)(DMF)] (<b>UTSA-93</b> or <b>CuBDC-NO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>; H<sub>2</sub>BDC-NO<sub>2</sub> = 4-nitroisophthalic acid and DMF = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-dimethylformamide) has been synthesized with <b>mot</b> topology, showing a compact pore structure with a size of 6.0 × 7.0 Å<sup>2</sup> in contrast to that of 6.9 × 8.5 Å<sup>2</sup> in the prototypical MOF with a bromo group. The optimized pore structure allows the nitro-functionalized MOF to capture CO<sub>2</sub> with a higher capacity of about 2.40 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> under ambient conditions, in contrast to 1.08 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> in the bromo-functionalized analogue. The adsorption selectivity of <b>CuBDC-NO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-a</b> for a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> (15:85) mixture (28) under ambient conditions is also higher than that of the bromo-substituted prototype (25) and comparable with those of several MOF materials. Moreover, dynamic breakthrough experiments of the nitro-functionalized MOF have been performed to illustrate its separation potential toward a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixture.
Shortwave infrared negative feedback avalanche diodes and solid-state photomultipliers (2014)

In recent years, significant progress has been made in InP-based Geiger-mode single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and a variety of circuits for enabling Geiger-mode operation have been proposed and demonstrated. However, due to the inherent positive feedback of the impact ionization avalanche process, Geiger-mode SPADs are constrained by certain performance limitations, particularly with regard to counting rate and the inability to resolve photon number. To overcome some of the performance limitations of regular SPADs, we have developed negative feedback avalanche diodes (NFADs) that employ a negative feedback mechanism to regulate the avalanche process. The NFAD fabrication process is based on the design platform we use to achieve state-of-the-art performance SPADs and is very flexible. The operation of NFAD devices is also very simple, with only a direct current (DC) bias being required. Various discrete devices and matrices composed of different elements have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. For discrete devices, ∼10% photon detection efficiency has been realized consistent with acceptable afterpulsing probability. The negative feedback mechanism significantly improves the uniformity of the output pulse heights and avalanche charge per detection event, resulting in a low “charge excess noise” factor. When configured in a matrix format, the NFAD devices were demonstrated to have the ability to resolve photon number and work effectively as solid-state photomultipliers (SSPMs) in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region. The InGaAs/InP NFAD SSPMs have the potential to replace photomultiplier tubes and provide a solid-state solution in applications where the requirement for single-photon sensitivity in the SWIR region beyond ∼0.9 μm cannot be met by silicon photomultipliers. The NFAD devices have been used in various quantum optics and quantum key distribution applications and demonstrated an excellent performance.
TNFSF15 is an ethnic-specific IBD gene (2007)

We observed a protective haplotype, consisting of the minor alleles for all 5 markers, to have a higher frequency in the non-Jewish controls than in CD and UC. Of further interest, the haplotype frequency was in the opposite direction in our Jewish case-control panels (both CD and UC), leading us to conclude 1) that TNFSF15 is indeed an IBD susceptibility gene, and 2) the disease susceptibility is ethnic-specific.
Extraction of physical parameters of strainedsilicon MOSFETs from C-V measurement (2005)

This paper presents a methodology for extraction of the physical parameters of strained-silicon MOSFET from one capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement based on physics-based compact model and conventional C-V characterization techniques. The extracted physical parameters (such as strained-silicon layer thickness and doping as well as conduction band offset) are used to create a numerical (Medici) device structure, from which the simulated C-V data is compared with the measured data as well as that from the compact model (Xsim), which validates the extraction technique. The proposed approach provides a simple yet physical means to probe into strained-silicon MOSFFET structures useful for characterize and model these devices, which are emerged as promising candidates for the enhancement and extension to conventional bulk-Si CMOS technology.
Comparing the DNA Hypermethylome with Gene Mutations in Human Colorectal Cancer (2007)

We have developed a transcriptome-wide approach to identify genes affected by promoter CpG island DNA hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing in colorectal cancer. By screening cell lines and validating tumor-specific hypermethylation in a panel of primary human colorectal cancer samples, we estimate that nearly 5% or more of all known genes may be promoter methylated in an individual tumor. When directly compared to gene mutations, we find larger numbers of genes hypermethylated in individual tumors, and a higher frequency of hypermethylation within individual genes harboring either genetic or epigenetic changes. Thus, to enumerate the full spectrum of alterations in the human cancer genome, and to facilitate the most efficacious grouping of tumors to identify cancer biomarkers and tailor therapeutic approaches, both genetic and epigenetic screens should be undertaken.
Synthesis and Biology of 1D-3-Deoxyphosphatidylinositol: A Putative Antimetabolite of Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and an Inhibitor of Cancer Cell Colony Formation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Biology of 1D-3-Deoxyphosphatidylinositol: A Putative Antimetabolite of Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and an Inhibitor of Cancer Cell Colony FormationAlan P. Kozikowski, James J. Kiddle, Timothy Frew, Margareta Berggren, and Garth PowisCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 7, 1053–1056Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00007a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (456 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mathematical Models of Meal Amount and Timing Variability With Implementation in the Type-1 Diabetes Patient Decision Simulator (2020)

The models of meal amount and timing variability developed are suitable for describing real data. Their inclusion in modules that describe patient behavior in the T1D-PDS can permit investigators to perform more realistic, reliable, and insightful ISCTs.
Bi-self-trapped-exciton model for Frenkel defect formation in amorphousSiO2by proton irradiation (1999)

The observed depth profile of the concentrations of the Frenkel defect (Si-Si bonds, ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ centers or peroxy radicals) in amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ irradiated by high-energy ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions is shown to be close to the calculated depth profile of O $2s$-shell ionization as well as that of the electronic energy deposition (EED). A new model, namely, bi-STE model is proposed: the Frenkel defect is created by nonradiative decay of two neighboring self-trapped excitons generated through O $2s$-shell ionization followed by an Auger decay process. This model can explain the observed linear dependence of the Frenkel defect formation on the EED, in contrast to the superlinear EED dependence expected for dense electronic excitation as for focused ArF excimer-laser irradiation.
Dynamic Compression in the Presence of TNF-Alpha Differentially Effects Gene Expression in Tibial Plateau Cartilage Covered and Uncovered by the Meniscus (2008)

It has been suggested that altered joint loading may be a cause of the cartilage degeneration commonly observed following joint destabilizing events such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury [1]. Changes in the biochemical environment of the joint accompany these changes in joint loading, though, with acute and chronic increases in synovial concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) [2, 3]. TNFα is a potent catabolic factor associated with increased expression [4] and synthesis [5] of matrix proteases in articular cartilage, and therefore may play in important role in the degenerative events following joint injury.
Affinity Purification and Immobilization of Chitinase from Bacillus sp.R2 (2015)

Abstract Bacillus sp. R2 chitinase was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation at 80% saturation, affinity chromatography on swollen crab shell chitin column, and followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100; the enzyme was purified to 14.89-fold and yield of 14.77%, respectively. Furthermore the purified chitinase was subjected to three immobilization techniques on ten various solid carriers;1-physical adsorption immobilization on activated charcoal and silica gel carriers; 2-covalent binding on crab shell chitin and chitosan; 3-Ionic binding on CM-Sepharose, Q-Sepharose, DEAE Cellulose, Amberlite IRC 50, Amberlite CG-120 (NA) and Amberlite CG -4B (OH)respectively. Immobilization results revealed that covalent and ionic binding were the best techniques whereas chitosan, Amberlite IRC50 and chitin gave the highest immobilization yields 72.9, 70.26 and 63.53% with the highest activity yields 63.36, 58.26 and 53.03% respectively. These findings improve the effectiveness of swollen crab shell chitin as matrix for chitinase affinity purification whereas chitin and chitosan as active natural biopolymers for chitinase continuous production through immobilization.
Silicon Nanocrystals: Small Silicon, Big Opportunities: The Development and Future of Colloidally‐Stable Monodisperse Silicon Nanocrystals (Adv. Mater. 43/2012) (2012)

Small silicon, big opportunities: A colloidally-stable silicon nanocrystal (ncSi) polydispersion size-separated into monodisperse fractions exhibits photoluminescence blue-shifting with decreasing particle size under photoexcitation. The ability to prepare ncSi monodispersions opens the door to access and study tunable size-dependent properties that promise to have a huge impact on the development of silicon nanomaterials and technology. Recent contributions in size-separation methods, characterization of size-dependent property trends, and ncSi applications are discussed by Geoffrey A. Ozin and co-workers on page 5890.
Optimized temperature profile based pulse generator for innovative Phase Change Memory (2015)

In this paper, we discuss the increase of the SET state resistance distribution dispersion in Phase Change Memory (PCM) based on innovative materials, namely Ge-rich Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (GST). A new programming technique, which consists in linearly decreasing the temperature in the active region of the memory device, is studied and a circuit capable of generating the desired pulse is presented and simulated. Post-layout simulations demonstrate the functionality of the circuit and its potential to be used for the programming of PCM cells based on alternative-to-GST materials.
On-line energy management for HEV based on Particle Swarm Optimization (2010)

This study considers a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle supplied by a Fuel Cell stack and supercapacitances used as Storage Element. In such an application, real time energy management is of paramount importance in order to increase autonomy and be able to deal on-line with perturbed power demand. Many off-line power flow optimization principles are available but on-line algorithms are preferred and should be derived for optimal management of the instantaneous power splitting between the different available power sources. Based on particle swarm optimization algorithm, this study defines the parameters tuning of such algorithm in real time. The final power splitting allows not only recovering energy braking but also is robust to some disturbances occurring during the trip. The solution provides good-quality and high-robustness results in a certain class of mission profile and power disturbance.
Transient Thermal Response of a Rotating Cylindrical Silicon Nitride Workpiece Subjected to a Translating Laser Heat Source, Part II: Parametric Effects and Assessment of a Simplified Model (1998)

In a companion paper (Rozzi et al., 1998), experimental validation was provided for a transient three-dimensional numerical model of the process by which a rotating workpiece is heated with a translating laser beam. In this paper, the model is used to elucidate the effect of operating parameters on thermal conditions within the workpiece and to assess the applicability of an approximate analysis which is better suited for on-line process control. From detailed numerical simulations, it was determined that the thickness of a surface thermal layer decreases with increasing workpiece rotational speed and that the influence of axial conduction on the workpiece temperature distribution increases with decreasing laser translational velocity. Temperatures increase throughout the workpiece with increasing laser power, while the influence of increasing beam diameter is confined to decreasing near-surface temperatures. Temperature-dependent thermophysical properties and forced convection heat transfer to the laser gas assist jet were found to significantly influence the maximum temperature beneath the laser spot, while radiation exchange with the surroundings and mixed convection to the ambient air were negligible. The approximate model yielded relations for calculating the radial temperature distribution within an r-φ plane corresponding to the center of the laser source, and predictions were in reasonable agreement with results of the numerical simulation, particularly in a near-surface region corresponding to the depth of cut expected for laser-assisted machining.
Production of bioactive metabolites with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest by submerged fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus in a batch stirred tank bioreactor (2011)

Mushrooms comprise a vast source of new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Submerged fermentation of the mycelial form of mushroom-producing fungi is promising for efficient production of their biomass and active metabolites. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of bioactive metabolites derived from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus biomass, produced by submerged fermentation in a batch stirred tank bioreactor. The dichloromethane extract was fractioned by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. For extracting efficiently the phenolic compounds of the methanolic extract, an adsorption-desorption process, using XAD-4 type resin, was performed. The pure compounds were elucidated with 1D/2D NMR-spectroscopic analyses, NMR data comparisons, and chemical correlations combined with GC/MS- LC/MS experiments. The compounds afforded by the dichloromethane extract were identified as linoleic acid (1), oleic acid (2), stearic acid (3), palmitic acid (4) and their corresponding methyl esters (5-8, respectively), benzoic acid (9), trans 3, 4-dihydro-3, 4, 8-trihydroxynapthalen-1(2H)-one (10), 4-hydroxy- benzaldehyde (11), indolo-3-carboxylic acid (12) and uracil (13). The investigation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of 3-formyl-pyrrole (14), 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid (15), uridine (16), nicotinic acid (17) and nicotinamide (18). Based on existing literature data, all these compounds exhibit valuable biological properties. The information obtained is considered fundamental for further investigation of the P. ostreatus fermentation process on an industrial scale for enhanced bioactive metabolite production.
Carbon nanofiber-templated mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries (2014)

The present communication demonstrates the synthesis of uniform mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes via hydrolysis and condensation of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) using carbon nanofibers as templates followed by calcination under air. We further demonstrate the use of such TiO2 nanotubes as an anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high discharge capacity, good rate capability and excellent cycling performance. They deliver a high discharge capacity of 209.6 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 C in the voltage range 1.0–3.0 V. They can still deliver a discharge capacity of 108.1 and 88.8 mA h g−1 with 100 and 93.2% capacity retention after 500 charge–discharge cycles under current densities of 2 and 4 C, respectively.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Clinical Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitor Combinations in <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Pathway Alterations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Role of ARAF Q489L and MEK F53L in resistance.&lt;/p&gt;
Interleukin 4 inhibits the production of some acute‐phase proteins by human hepatocytes in primary culture (1993)

Interleukin 4 (IL4) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion by monocytes of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL1), interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and by inducing the secretion of the IL1 receptor antagonist. We investigated the role of this cytokine on the production of acute-phase proteins in primary human hepatocyte cultures. Cells were exposed to either IL4 and/or IL6, the most potent mediator of hepatic acute phase proteins. IL4 led to decreased production of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and albumin while alpha 1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen remained unaffected. These inhibitory effects of IL4 were also observed at the mRNA level. In addition, IL4 inhibited the IL6-induced production of haptoglobin although it had no effect on the induced C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Our results demonstrate that IL4 can affect the production of a subset of acute-phase proteins by human hepatocytes and can antagonize some of the effects of IL6. These observations reinforce the notion that IL4 can be considered as an anti-inflammatory cytokine.