gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of grating couplers for affinity-based pesticide sensing (1997)

The reflection grating coupler for direct affinity sensing is characterized in detail. The performance of this device and its potential in affinity sensing application are investigated with two affinity-based systems: A self-assembling protein-multilayer system based on avidin-biotin interaction was used to compare the response of the device with theoretical expectations. The analytical performance was characterized by a pesticide immunoassay carried out in an indirect test format with a covalently immobilized triazine derivative. Experimentally determined parameters were in good agreement with model calculations. During the binding of 12 protein monolayers at the surface, the change in effective refractive index Dn(eff) detected for a single layer decreased from approximately 8 x 10(-4) to less than 4 x10(-5) by more than 95%, indicating a filling of the evanescent field. By comparison with bulk refractive-index measurements, a refractive index n(D) approximately 1.38 of the protein multilayer was estimated. Fitting of the model gave a refractive index n(D) = 1.377 of the protein multilayer and an average thickness of 11 nm for a single protein layer. An average noise of Dn(eff) = 8.5 x 10(-7) was detected, corresponding to approximately 1% of the maximum response for a protein monolayer. At a triazine derivative attached to the surface through dextran-based surface chemistry, a maximum antibody loading that corresponds to an Dn(eff) of 1.5 x 10(-3) was observed. In an indirect immunoassay of the herbicide simazine, a detection limit of 0.25 mug/1 of simazine was reached with polyclonal Fab fragments in a concentration of 1 mug/ml.
Search-Based Stress Testing the Elastic Resource Provisioning for Cloud-Based Applications (2018)

One of the main benefits of cloud computing is to enable customers to deploy their applications on a cloud infrastructure that provisions resources (e.g., memory) to these applications on as-needed basis. Unfortunately, certain workloads can cause customers to pay for resources that are provisioned to, but not fully used by their applications, and as a result their performances then deteriorate beyond some acceptable thresholds and the benefits of cloud computing may be significantly reduced or even completely obliterated. We propose a novel approach to automatically discover these workloads to stress test elastic resource provisioning for cloud-based applications. We experimented with four non-trivial applications on the Microsoft Azure cloud to determine how effectively and efficiently our approach explores a very large space of the workload parameters’ values. The results show that our approach discovers the first irregular workload faster in the search space of over $$10^{40}$$ input combinations compared to the random approach, and it discovers more irregular workloads that result in much higher costs and performance degradations for applications in the cloud.
A System Dynamics Modeling Methodology for Compressible Fluid Systems with Applications to Internal Combustion Engines (2010)

The ability to develop physically consistent lumped-parameter models of compressible flow systems is a relevant and important aspect of designing control strategies for energy conversion systems.Such models can lead to a better system-level understanding of internal combustion engines, turbomachinery, fuel cell systems, Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and refrigeration systems.Furthermore, the models may be used for control systems development, optimization and validation leading to better performance and lower development costs.While improvements in computing technology have made it possible to use Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations in a wide range of applications, 3-D and 1-D codes are not immediately useful in the design of control algorithms due to their complexity and high computational cost.However, the prediction of unsteady phenomena, particularly the characterization of pressure, temperature, velocity and flow rate at different locations of the system, is critical for several applications, ranging from design, and optimization, to control and diagnostics.The focus of the current research is to fill the void between the high-fidelity numerical simulation models originating from partial differential equations, and lowfidelity, control-oriented empirical models based on lumped parameter approximations such as are used today in industrial applications.The outcome of the research includes iii two novel approaches for modeling compressible fluid systems for dynamic systems applications.The two methodologies have been developed to retain a high level of fidelity while preserving the simple structure and limited computation time of lumpedparameter models.The two approaches have been validated against a combination of experimental, analytical and high fidelity simulation results.The results validate that the two modeling techniques enable accurate, computationally efficient models suitable for control systems applications.
Altered Immune Responsiveness in Patients with Chronic Glomerulonephritis (1989)

In order to detect abnormalities in humoral immunity and to determine immunogenetic traits underlying chronic glomerulonephritis, sera from 260 patients who had chronic glomerulonephritis and who were undergoing hemodialysis were tested for naturally occurring antibodies against mycoplasma and 22 different viruses. Among the 23 microorganisms tested, antibody titers were significantly lower against 12, higher against 3, and no different against 8 when compared with titers of 43 normal subjects. The data were analyzed further by plotting each in a 23-dimensional space according to their standardized antibody titers. Multivariate cluster analysis by the Ward's method revealed 3 large clusters differing from each other in natural antibody titers, and one of the clusters included 74% of the normal controls, while two other distinct clusters comprised the majority of the patients. The level of BUN, creatinine, and duration of hemodialysis treatment did not differ significantly among patients in these three different clusters. Our study suggests that patients with chronic glomerulonephritis being treated by hemodialysis have altered levels of naturally occurring antibodies to microorganisms. This alteration is not caused by just the uremic state or hemodialysis but immunogenetic regulation may also play a part.
HMM speech recognition using stochastic language models. (1991)

One of the major reasons for using language models in speech recognition is to reduce the search space. Context-free grammars or finite state grammars are suitable for this purpose. However, these models ignore the stochastic characteristics of a language. In this paper, three stochastic language models are investigated. These models are 1) a trigram model of Japanese syllables, 2) a stochastic shift/reduce model in LR parsing, and 3) a trigram model of context-free rewriting rules. These stochastic language models are incorporated into the syntax-directed HMM-based speech recognition system, and tested by phrase recognition experiments. The phrase recognition rate is improved from 88.2% to 93.2%.
Low Expression of Claudin-7 as Potential Predictor of Distant Metastases in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Patients (2020)

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) usually spreads directly into the peritoneal cavity following a transcoelomic dissemination route, although distant hematogenous metastasis exist and have been reported. However, no tumor markers can currently predict the risk of distant metastases in HGSOC. Claudins, belonging to tight-junction proteins, are dysregulated in HGSOC and functionally related to cancer progression. Here we analyzed claudin-3, -4, and -7 expression as potential markers of distant metastases. Using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry we assessed the expression of claudins in primary HGSOC tissues, normal ovarian, and normal fallopian tube epithelia and correlated it with clinicopathological features, including the site of metastasis and the route of dissemination. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on microarray-generated gene expression data to investigate key pathways in patients with distant metastases. We found the overall expression level of claudin-3, -4, and -7 mRNA decreased in HGSOC compared to normal tubal epithelium, currently considered the potential site of origin of many HGSOC. The reduced expression of claudin-7 is significantly associated with the development of distant metastases (<i>p</i> = 0.016), mainly by hematogenous route (<i>p</i> = 0.025). In patients with diminished expression of claudin-7, immunohistochemical staining revealed a heterogeneous pattern of membranous staining with discontinuous expression of claudin-7 along the cell border, indicative of a dischoesive architecture. The estimated reduction in the probability of distant disease is of 39% per unit increase in the level of claudin-7 (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and angiogenesis processes resulted strongly associated to hematogenous recurrence. Our data suggest a potential role of claudin-7 in discriminating distant metastatic events in HGSOC patients. The quantification of its expression levels could be a useful tool to identify patient deserving a personalized follow-up in terms of clinical and radiological assessment.
Specimen Temperature and Sinterability of Ni Powder by Spark Plasma Sintering. (2000)

Specimen temperature and sintering behavior of Ni powder by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. Microstructure observation of the sintered compact revealed that the fast densification of the powder materials was due to the promotion of neck growth and plastic deformation of powder particles in the initial stage of SPS. With die temperature at 1073 K, the temperature of the specimen center was 1203 K. The temperature difference between specimen and graphite die exponentially increased with the increase of the temperature of the graphite die. When the graphite die was kept warm by a thermal insulation jacket, the temperature difference between specimen and graphite die was smaller than when using a non-insulated die, and the temperature difference lineally increased with the increase of the temperature of the graphite die.
Heterogeneity among Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles of Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Isolates of Animal and Human Origin (2004)

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates collected from different infected animals and from human patients with extraintestinal infections in 2001 were characterized for their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, genotypes, and key virulence factors. Among the 10 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides was most frequent. Multiresistant strains were found in both the animal and the human groups of isolates. Resistance gene distribution was assessed by colony hybridization. Similar antibiotic resistance patterns could be observed in the animal and the human isolates. Although some resistance genes, such as bla(TEM), sulI, and sulII, were equally represented in the animal and human ExPEC isolates, differences in the distributions of tetracycline [tet(D)], chloramphenicol (catI, catIII, and floR), and trimethoprim (dhfrI, dhfrV, dhfrVII, and dhfrXIII) resistance genes were observed between the animal and the human isolates. Approximately one-third of the ExPEC isolates possessed a class 1 integron. The four major different variable regions of the class 1 integron contained aminoglycoside (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, and aadA6) and/or trimethoprim (dhfrIb, dhfrXII, and dhfrXVII) resistance genes. The ExPEC strains belonged to different phylogenetic groups, depending on their host origin. Strains isolated from animal tissues belonged to either a commensal group (group A or B1) or a virulent group (group B2 or D), while the majority of the human isolates belonged to a virulent group (group B2 or D). Although the limited number of isolates evaluated in the present study prevents firm epidemiological conclusions from being made, on a more global scale, these data demonstrate that extraintestinal isolates of E. coli can possess relatively distinct intra- and intergroup resistance gene profiles, with animal isolates presenting a more heterogeneous group than human isolates.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Alkanes Adsorbed in Activated Carbon (2002)

Adsorption behavior of alkanes into micropore of activated carbon is simulated using the molecular dynamics method. Dodecanes are chosen as adsorbate in this study. A micropore model is presented based on non-graphitizing carbon structure. The methyl and methylene of alkane molecules are treated as subunits with ignoring the degree of freedom between carbon and hydrogen atoms, and other internal degrees of freedom are permitted. Intra-molecular potentials are used to describe the bonded interaction among subunits. The Lennard-Jones potential is used for other non-bonded interactions. The dynamic adsorption process is calculated, and the positions of dodecanes adsorbed at equibrium state are made clear.
Porous Coated Motion Cervical Disc Replacement: A Biomechanical, Histomorphometric, and Biologic Wear Analysis in a Caprine Model (2006)

To our knowledge, this serves as the first in vivo time-course study investigating the use of the PCM device for cervical arthroplasty. All 12 animals undergoing cervical disc replacement had no evidence of implant loosening, subluxation, or inflammatory reactions. PCM cervical arthroplasty permits unobstructed visualization of the spinal canal based on CT imaging. Segmental intervertebral motion was preserved under axial rotation and lateral bending loading conditions, while at the same time permitting porous osseointegration at the prosthesis-bone interface. Based on histopathologic review of all local and systemic tissues, there was no evidence of particulate wear debris, cytokines, cellular apoptosis, or significant pathologic changes in any treatment.
Cross MAC/PHY layer security design using ARQ with MRC and adaptive modulation (2016)

In this work, Automatic-Repeat-Request (ARQ) and Maximal Ratio Combination (MRC), have been jointly exploited to enhance the confidentiality of wireless services requested by a legitimate user (Bob) against an eavesdropper (Eve). The obtained security performance is analyzed using Packet Error Rate (PER), where the exact PER gap between Bob and Eve is determined. PER is proposed as a new practical security metric in cross layers (Physical/MAC) security design since it reflects the influence of upper layers mechanisms, and it can be linked with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for various digital services such as voice and video. Exact PER formulas for both Eve and Bob in i.i.d Rayleigh fading channel are derived. The simulation and theoretical results show that the employment of ARQ mechanism and MRC on a signal level basis before demodulation can significantly enhance data security for certain services at specific SNRs. However, to increase and ensure the security of a specific service at any SNR, adaptive modulation is proposed to be used along with the aforementioned scheme. Analytical and simulation studies demonstrate orders of magnitude difference in PER performance between eavesdroppers and intended receivers.
Analyzing and Securing Bluetooth-based Pico Networks (2007)

We have examined Bluetooth-based Pico-network (Piconet) applications in wireless computing and\ncellular devices and found an extensive number of ``unexpected abuses'', where the security\nexpectations of the device owner can be violated. We have studied the underlying causes of\nsuch problems and found that many products lack the controls to administer these devices securely.\nWe also observe cases where explicit security claims from the Bluetooth protocol are not satisfied.\nOur conclusion is that the current Bluetooth protocol (version 2.0) cannot be used to create Piconets\nin a secure way. We classify a number of abuses and security violations as Bluetooth protocol design flaws,\napplication-layer implementation errors or simply pitfalls in the security management. Using this classification\nwe define a core set of requirements that would improve Bluetooth security significantly. We also discuss how such\nrequirements could be applied to the automobile domain.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Thyroid Nodules: First Human Feasibility Study (2011)

This study showed the potential efficacy of HIFU for human thyroid nodule ablation. Lesions were clearly visible by histology and ultrasound after high energy treatments, and safety and tolerability were good. We identified a power threshold for optimal necrosis of the target thyroid tissue. Further studies are ongoing to assess nodule changes at longer follow-up times.
P‐59: Toward High Resolution Inkjet‐Printed Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes for Next Generation Display (2016)

We have investigated the formation of pixelated red inkjet‐printed QDs film in high resolution pixels. We targeted the 60 inch sized 4K UHD format of 73 pixel per inch (ppi), which is 3840 pixels width and 2160 pixels tall. By controlling proper solvent ratio of toluene and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (DCB), we found feasibility to fabricate inkjet‐printed QDs film of high resolution and reduce coffee ring effect of inkjet‐printed QDs film.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Carbonyl Syntheses. Part 19. Osmium Complexes in the Carbonyl Series. (1989)

Abstract The Os complex (I) is prepared by an improved procedure, it crystallizes in P1 with Z=1.
Class-incremental Learning via Deep Model Consolidation (2019)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often suffer from "catastrophic forgetting" during incremental learning (IL) --- an abrupt degradation of performance on the original set of classes when the training objective is adapted to a newly added set of classes. Existing IL approaches tend to produce a model that is biased towards either the old classes or new classes, unless with the help of exemplars of the old data. To address this issue, we propose a class-incremental learning paradigm called Deep Model Consolidation (DMC), which works well even when the original training data is not available. The idea is to first train a separate model only for the new classes, and then combine the two individual models trained on data of two distinct set of classes (old classes and new classes) via a novel double distillation training objective. The two existing models are consolidated by exploiting publicly available unlabeled auxiliary data. This overcomes the potential difficulties due to the unavailability of original training data. Compared to the state-of-the-art techniques, DMC demonstrates significantly better performance in image classification (CIFAR-100 and CUB-200) and object detection (PASCAL VOC 2007) in the single-headed IL setting.
Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers as Antimicrobial Agents (2019)

Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers may have structural resemblance, but they are different from each other in their topological structures. The potentials of dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers are reported to have various applications in different fields such as material science, nanotechnology, supramolecular chemistry, biomaterials, coatings, adhesives, etc. In this chapter we discuss antimicrobial applications of dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers.
Residual Stress in Sintered Hydroxyapatite. (1997)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most effective biomaterials used in artificial bone and dental design implant. It is important to investigate in detail the mechanical characteristics of HAp for the improvement of mechanical reliability of those. HAp implant is usually made by sintering HAp powder. In general, it has been considered that the thermal stress caused by heating and cooling processes in sintering disappears and does not remain in the material, because such sintered material does not reach an actual density of 100% which is the perfectly solid state. However, if residual stress occurs in sintering, it will exert a profound influence on the mechanical strength and biocompatibility of HAp implant in vivo. Therefore, we present a method for measuring residual stress in sintered HAp using polychromatic X-rays, and investigate the effect of preforming pressure, sintering temperature and sintering pressure on the residual stress. As a result, large tensile residual stress on the surface of implant and steep stress gradient were confirmed by this method, and the relationship between the magnitude of residual stress and several conditions of HAp sintering was clarified.
Age determination of carbonate deposits such as Uranium and Thorium concentrations, isotopic activity ratios, ages of corals and coralline algae from Hilo, Hawaii collected in October 2006 (2017)

The eastern side of Hawaii Island is a rapidly subsiding margin dominated by drowned carbonate platforms. We present detailed bathymetric and backscatter data, remotely operated vehicle and submersible observations, sedimentological and 14C accelerator mass spectrometry and U/Th age data from seven submerged terraces (H7, H2a-d, H1a-b) in water depths between 1100 and 25 m off Hilo, north-eastern Hawaii. The main carbonate deposits on these terraces are coral deposits, rhodolith beds, coralline algal mounds, crusts, pavements and tabular sheets. We identified five previously described sedimentary shallow- to deep-water facies and one new facies type that are consistent with reef drowning on a rapidly subsiding margin. We used palaeobathymetric data derived from the sedimentary facies, age versus depth relationships, and published sea-level curves, to estimate a uniform long-term subsidence rate of 2.80 ± 0.36 m/ky for the eastern side of Hawaii over the last 150 ky. Terrace H7 developed about 380 ka based on data from the western side of the island. Active coral growth on terrace H2d occurred during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to 5 transition, and the terrace drowned during the peak of MIS 5e when sea level rose faster than reefs could grow. Favoured by the gentle platform gradient, reefs established progressively landwards with a backstepping pattern during MIS 5e to form the terraces H2c and H2b 122 ka. Final turn-off of shallow water carbonate production on terraces H2b-d coincided with the relative sea-level rise of the interstadial MIS 5a. Bathymetry and submersible data suggest that carbonate sediments on terraces H2a and H1b were deposited over an antecedent topography of local lava deltas emplaced during rising sea levels at ca. 85 and 65 ka, while terrace H1a established on lava delta substrates of the Mauna Loa volcano ca. 11 ka. We conclude that the initiation, growth and drowning of coral-reef terraces off Hilo differ in some ways from the pattern observed in the submerged terraces in the western side of Hawaii and that the platform evolution off Hilo is more strongly influenced by emplacement of offshore lava flows.
Field-emission properties of quasi-one-dimensional NbOx crystals (2004)

The field-emission (FE) properties of quasi-one-dimensional NbOx crystals are reported for the single needle geometry. Relatively stable FE currents in excess of 1 μA were measured after a careful conditioning in vacuum of 10−7 mbar. In all our experiments, the FE current originating from a few sites prevailed over the entire current range. This can be confirmed at least in the current range where the emission pattern could be observed on a high-resolution luminescent screen.