gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Active Electrical Response in Fibroblasts (1972)

L cells have a resting potential of about -16 mv (internal negative) at 37 degrees C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal calf serum and a potassium concentration of 5.4 mM. Membrane resistivity is about 20,000 ohmcm(2) when the surface filopodia described by others are taken into account. Mechanical and electrical stimuli can evoke an active response from mouse L cells, cells of the 3T3 line, and normal fibroblasts which we have termed hyperpolarizing activation or the H.A. response. This consists of a prolonged (3-5 sec) increase in the membrane permeability by a factor of 2-10 with a parallel increase in membrane potential to about -50 mv. The reversal potential for the H.A. response is -80 mv. The resting cells are depolarized to about -12 mv when the external medium contains 27 mM potassium, and the potential reached at the peak of the H.A. response is about -30 mv. The reversal potential for the H.A. response is about -40 mv in 27 mM external potassium. This effect of potassium ions on the reversal potential of the H.A. response leads us to conclude that the response represents an increase in membrane permeability, predominantly to potassium, by at least a factor of five. This increase must be greater than 20-fold if previous measurements of the ratio of potassium permeability to chloride permeability in L cells are valid for the preparation used in the present study.
A new Monte Carlo simulation model for the transport of optical photons over rough surfaces (2004)

A new Monte Carlo program has been developed for the simulation of the transport of optical photons over a rough planar surface. The new simulation employs a full three-dimensional model of a rough surface and addresses some of the limitations of the UNIFIED surface of UNDETECT2000 that is frequently used for the simulation of optical transport in PET detector crystals. A comparative study with DETECT2000 shows significant differences between the DETECT2000 UNIFIED model and our new surface model.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A as a TRIF-biased agonist of TLR4. (2007)

The inflammatory toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of bacterial cell walls, is driven by the adaptor proteins myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which together mediate signaling by the endotoxin receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a low-toxicity derivative of LPS with useful immunostimulatory properties, which is nearing regulatory approval for use as a human vaccine adjuvant. We report here that, in mice, the low toxicity of MPLA's adjuvant function is associated with a bias toward TRIF signaling, which we suggest is likely caused by the active suppression, rather than passive loss, of proinflammatory activity of this LPS derivative. This finding may have important implications for the development of future vaccine adjuvants. PMID: 17569868 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI059023 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI071047 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI51377 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K02 AI059023 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI051377
Controlled Formation of Square Crack in Thinned 3DI Silicon Wafers (2015)

The advancement of package technology to enable die to die interconnects have allowed Integrated Circuit (IC) technology to progress into much higher density region. The fabrication process requires wafers to be processed at lower thicknesses while bonded to a carrier. The forces applied to the thin wafer often generate localized stress fields that cause Si defects to propagate in a form of cracks. This paper demonstrates a new type of crack that is observed during processing of the wafers. The crack usually takes place in the center of the wafer, oriented with the crystalline plane and is approximately 100mm square with rounded corners. This paper also discusses a methodology to replicate the defect in bare test wafers as the first step in understanding the conditions required to create such a defect.
New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator‐transfer agents (inifers). XIII. Influence of lewis acid strength and counteranion stability on the synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes (1982)

Abstract Efforts have been made to prepare perfect terminally functional linear telechelic polyisobutylenes with various Lewis acid coinitiators, BCl 3 , AlCl 3 , TiCl 4 , SnCl 4 , VCl 4 , and SbCl 5 . However, the expected desirable results ( F̄ n = 2.0, M̄ w / M̄ n = 1.5) were obtained only with BCl 3 . Moreover, the concentration of BCl 3 affects the molecular weight of telechelic polyisobutylenes prepared by the inifer technique. The Kennedy–Smith inifer mechanism is insufficient to explain these observations. Extending this model by the concept of counteranion stability, of Heublein et al., 5 and assuming the participation of free ions and ion pairs in propagation and termination, led to a satisfactory mechanistic model. The exceptional utility of the BCl 3 /BCl ⊖ system is due to the high Lewis acid strength of BCl 3 and low counteranion stability of BCl ⊖ .
Simultaneous stimulation and recording of cardiac depolarization enabled by high-frequency stimulation (2014)

High-frequency stimulation techniques have been recently proposed for the pacing and control of excitability of cardiac tissues. This paper introduces a system designed specifically for such stimulation, and demonstrates the unique ability to record depolarization events on the same electrode used for stimulation, during the stimulus. Experimental results with HL-1 cardiomyocytes are presented, highlighting key concepts enabled by this system, such as direct strength-duration relationship measurement and beat-to-beat stimulation threshold monitoring following pacing onset or pharmacological modulation.
Koala (2009)

Managing the power consumption of computing platforms is a complicated problem thanks to a multitude of hardware configuration options and characteristics. Much of the academic research is based on unrealistic assumptions, and has, therefore, seen little practical uptake. We provide an overview of the difficulties facing power management schemes when used in real systems.
Broadband Multi-Layered Radome for High-Power Applications (2018)

In this paper, we developed a broadband multi-layered radome applicable for high-power applications. In this regard, we presented the wave propagation characteristics of the broadband multi-layered radome with the ABCD matrix and obtained the optimal thickness and the material constant for each layer by an optimization algorithm called “particle swarm optimization,” implemented by a commercial numerical modeling tool. Further, we redesigned it in view of mechanical properties to reflect environmental conditions such as wind, snow, and ice. The power transmission property was reanalyzed based on the recalculated data of each layer’s thickness to consider the limitations of the fabrication of a large structure. Under the condition of a peak electric field strength that is 10 dB above the critical electric field strength in air breakdown, we analyzed the air breakdown by radio frequency(RF) in the designed radome using the commercial full-wave electromagnetic tool. The radome was manufactured and tested by continuous wave(CW) RF small signal and large signal in an anechoic chamber. The test results showed good agreement with those attained by simulation.
MTOR Inhibition Alters miRNA Profile in Cultured Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2021)

Abstract Progressive decline in adult stem cell function is a feature of aged tissues and contributes to multiple age-related diseases. Of particular interest are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, also known as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which are multipotent, and have significant therapeutic potential for age-related disease. BMSCs isolated from older individuals show decreased differentiation and characteristics of cell senescence. We and others find that inhibition of the mTOR pathway prevents senescence and extends BMSC proliferation. We have examined miRNA profiles in rapamycin-treated BMSCs to identify miRNAs that may be needed to maintain “stemness” and facilitate differentiation in this population in undifferentiated cell populations. The analysis reveals a distinct miRNA profile induced by rapamycin associated with enhanced differentiation capacity.
NASA High-Reynolds Number Circulation Control Research - Overview of CFD and Planned Experiments (Invited) (2010)

A new capability to test active flow control concepts and propulsion simulations at high Reynolds numbers in the National Transonic Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center is being developed. This technique is focused on the use of semi-span models due to their increased model size and relative ease of routing high-pressure air to the model. A new dual flow-path high-pressure air delivery station has been designed, along with a new high performance transonic sem -si pan wing model. The modular wind tunnel model is designed for testing circulation control concepts at both transonic cruise and low-speed high-lift conditions. The ability of the model to test other active flow control techniques will be highlighted. In addition, a new higher capacity semi-span force and moment wind tunnel balance has been completed and calibrated to enable testing at transonic conditions.
Euclid Writes an Algorithm: A Fairytale. (2011)

This was an invited paper for a festschrift in honor of Manfred Broy’s 60th birthday. It’s a whimsical introduction to TLA+, including proofs. Judged as literature, it’s probably the best thing I have ever written.
Thermodynamics of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen fluoride binding to cytochrome c peroxidase and its Asn-82→Asp mutant (1994)

The thermodynamics of binding of fluoride and cyanide to cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) and its Asn-82-->Asp mutant (D82CCP) in phosphate and acetate buffer at an ionic strength of 0.15 mol.kg-1 from pH 5.0 to 7.1 were investigated by titration calorimetry at 289 and 297 K. The binding reactions are enthalpically driven. The fluoride-binding constants determined from the titration calorimetry results were in agreement with those determined from difference-spectroscopy measurements. For cyanide binding to CCP at 297.9 K, the binding constant decreased from 8.95 (+/- 0.83) x 10(5) M-1 at pH 7.0 to 4.04(+/- 0.23) x 10(5) M-1 at pH 5.0, and the binding enthalpy increased from -57.2 +/- 1.4 kJ.mol-1 at pH 7.0 to -48.6 +/- 1.8 kJ.mol-1 at pH 5.0. For fluoride binding to CCP, the binding constant increased from 8.41(+/- 0.54) x 10(3) M-1 at pH 7.0 to 3.11(+/- 0.09) x 10(5) M-1 at pH 5.0 and the binding enthalpy increased from -71.9 +/- 1.1 kJ.mol-1 at pH 7.0 to -67.0 +/- 1.9 kJ.mol-1 at pH 5.0. The binding enthalpies for D82CCP were about the same as those for CCP. However, the binding constants for cyanide and fluoride to D82CCP were respectively a factor of two less and at least an order of magnitude less than the corresponding binding constants of CCP. Decreased ligand-binding strength in the D82CCP mutant is thus entirely due to entropic effects.
Fluctuation Theory of Random Copolymers (1995)

We investigate the behavior of symmetric AB random copolymer melt near the point of microphase separation in the framework of a one-loop (Hartree-Fock) approximation, that exactly solves the problem. We have shown that composition fluctuations result to complete elimination of the microphase separation predicted in the framework a mean-field approximation [1-5]. Using variational techniques the temperature dependence of the density-density correlation function and its length scales are calculated. The diagonal in the replica space correlation function is stable with respect to the off-diagonal perturbation (glass-like order parameter). We discuss the general relation between microphase separation in random copolymers and spinodal decomposition in a mixture of A and B unconnected monomer units below their critical demixing point.
New Opportunities with Old Optical Materials (2019)

Nanostructured diamond and lithium niobate devices will be presented, with applications in quantum communications, data- and tele-com, sensing (e.g. using frequency combs), and so on.
Design of effectively single-mode leakage channel fibers with large mode area and low bending loss (2009)

Novel design of large-mode-area leakage channel fibers (LCFs) with a single air-hole ring surrounding a multi-unit-cell solid core is investigated for realizing robust single-mode and low bending loss characteristics. We perform detailed numerical simulations using a finite element method, and we show that the proposed LCFs with a solid core formed by multiple missing neighboring air-holes can achieve much lower bending losses compared with the reported LCF with six large air-holes.
Discerning Direct and Indirect Paths: Principle and Application in Passive Target Positioning Systems (2011)

Passive target localization is an important prerequisite for applications ranging from security to logistics to emergency response. The localization system estimates the location of the target by utilizing runtime and direction of the signal (multipath component, MPC) directly reflected by the target. Indirect paths (IPs), i.e., MPCs that interact with environmental objects as well as the target, need to be discerned from the direct paths; failing to do so brings bias to location estimate, and is a major source of localization error. This paper proposes a novel scheme for the detection of IPs in the presence of noise, jointly employing the time of arrival (TOA), direction of arrival (DOA) and direction of departure (DOD) estimates. The decision statistic of this scheme is the distance between the intersection of DOA and DOD directions and the TOA ellipse. Under the assumption of Gaussian errors of TOA, DOA and DOD, the scheme is implemented to maximize the probability of detection given a fixed probability of false alarm. The paper derives closed-form equations for the decision criterion and the resulting performance. Simulation results are given to support the validity of our scheme.
Supplementary Figure 11 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

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Pharmacologic inhibition of lactate production prevents myofibroblast differentiation (2015)

Myofibroblasts are one of the primary cell types responsible for the accumulation of extracellular matrix in fibrosing diseases, and targeting myofibroblast differentiation is an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been shown to be an important inducer of myofibroblast differentiation. We previously demonstrated that lactate dehydrogenase and its metabolic product lactic acid are important mediators of myofibroblast differentiation, via acid-induced activation of latent TGF-β. Here we explore whether pharmacologic inhibition of LDH activity can prevent TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Primary human lung fibroblasts from healthy patients and those with pulmonary fibrosis were treated with TGF-β and or gossypol, an LDH inhibitor. Protein and RNA were analyzed for markers of myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix generation. Gossypol inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in a dose-dependent manner in both healthy and fibrotic human lung fibroblasts. Gossypol also inhibited expression of collagen 1, collagen 3, and fibronectin. Gossypol inhibited LDH activity, the generation of extracellular lactic acid, and the rate of extracellular acidification in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, gossypol inhibited TGF-β bioactivity in a dose-dependent manner. Concurrent treatment with an LDH siRNA increased the ability of gossypol to inhibit TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Gossypol inhibits TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation through inhibition of LDH, inhibition of extracellular accumulation of lactic acid, and inhibition of TGF-β bioactivity. These data support the hypothesis that pharmacologic inhibition of LDH may play an important role in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Structure and Dynamics of the Solvated Electron in Alcohols from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (2007)

Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is used to probe the structure and excited-state dynamics of the solvated electron in the primary liquid alcohols methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), n-propanol (n-PrOH), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The strong resonance enhancements (>or=10(4) relative to pure solvent) of the libration, CO stretch, COH bend, CH3 bend, CH2 bend, and OH stretch reveal significant Franck-Condon coupling of the intermolecular and intramolecular vibrational modes of the solvent to the electronic excitation of the solvated electron. All enhanced bands are fully accounted for by a model of the solvated electron that is comprised of several nearby solvent molecules that are only perturbed by the presence of the electron; no new molecular species are required to explain our data. The 340 cm(-1) downshift observed for the OH stretch frequency of e-(MeOH), relative to pure solvent, strongly suggests that the methanol molecules in the first solvent shell have the hydroxyl group directed linearly toward the excess electron density. The smaller downshifts observed for e-(EtOH), e-(n-PrOH), and e-(n-BuOH) are explained in terms of a OH group that is bent 28-40 degrees from linear. The Raman cross sections and absorption spectra are modeled, lending quantitative support for the inhomogeneous origin of the broad absorption spectra, the necessity of OH local motion in all enhanced Raman modes of the alcohols, and the dominant librational response of the solvent upon photoexcitation of the electron.
Gain-dependent polarization properties of vertical-cavity lasers (2002)

We show that the power partitioning between orthogonal TE polarization states depends on their relative spectral alignment with the gain spectrum in VCSELs. A simple means of maintaining a dominant eigen polarization for all elements in a VCSEL array is described.
Micelle-Encapsulated Quantum Dot-Porphyrin Assemblies as (2015)

Micelles have been employed to encapsulate the supramolecular assembly of quantum dots with palladium(II) porphyrins for the quantification of O₂ levels in aqueous media and in vivo. Förster resonance energy transfer from the quantum dot (QD) to the palladium porphyrin provides a means for signal transduction under both one- and two-photon excitation. The palladium porphyrins are sensitive to O₂ concentrations in the range of 0–160 Torr. The micelle-encapsulated QD-porphyrin assemblies have been employed for in vivo multiphoton imaging and lifetime-based oxygen measurements in mice with chronic dorsal skinfold chambers or cranial windows. Our results establish the utility of the QD-micelle approach for in vivo biological sensing applications.
Microfabricated mm-wave TWT platform for wireless backhaul (2015)

Teraphysics Corporation is developing a suite of miniature mm-wave TWTs for application to wireless backhaul. These devices are based on the 94 GHz TWT that was presented at IVEC 2014. This TWT, which weighs only .5 kg and has the footprint of a credit card, will serve as a platform for the miniature devices needed to fit into the limited space available on typical backhaul sites, such as telephone poles or street lights. The first application will be in E-Band. However, the sweet spot for the Teraphysics miniature helical amplifiers will be in the atmospheric windows centered at 140 and 240 GHz.
The UMASS intelligent home project (1999)

Article Free Access Share on The UMASS intelligent home project Authors: Victor Lesser Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Michael Atighetchi Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Brett Benyo Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Bryan Horling Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Anita Raja Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Régis Vincent Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Thomas Wagner Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Ping Xuan Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst, AmherstView Profile , Shelley XQ. Zhang View Profile Authors Info & Claims AGENTS '99: Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous AgentsApril 1999 Pages 291–298https://doi.org/10.1145/301136.301213Published:01 April 1999Publication History 31citation969DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads969Last 12 Months23Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
New Protocols for the Synthesis of Stable Ag and Au Nanocluster Molecules (2013)

"Catching" metals in the nonmetallic form in solution, as they grow to bulk, is one of the most exciting areas of contemporary materials research. A new kind of stabilization to catch the nonmetallic form of noble metals with small thiols has evolved as an exciting area of synthesis during the past decade. Gold clusters stay in the frontline of this research, yielding new "molecules" composed of a few to several hundreds of atoms. By taking guidelines from gold cluster research, various new protocols for silver nanoclusters were developed. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent advances on the synthesis of atomically precise silver, gold, and their alloy clusters with a special emphasis on silver. As a result of intense efforts of the recent past, clusters such as Ag7,8(SR)7,8, Ag7(-S-R-S-)4, Ag9(SR)7, Ag32(SR)19, Ag44(SR)30, Ag140(SR)53, Ag280(SR)140, and Ag152(SR)60 (SR and S-R-S refer to thiolate and dithiolate ligands, respectively) were added to the literature. Moreover, "silver-covered" and "gold-covered" alloy clusters have also been synthesized. Early reports of the crystallization of such clusters are available. Several of these clusters are shown to act as sensors, catalysts, and pesticide degradation agents, which suggests that these materials may find applications in daily life in the foreseeable future.