gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of magnetic field distortion on the accuracy of passive device localization frames in MR imaging (2014)

The error in position and orientation estimation of passive localization frames in MR can be sensitive to static magnetic field distortions. The level of sensitivity, the type of error (i.e., rotational or translational), and the direction of error are dependent on the frame's design and the method used to image it. If 2D gradient echo imaging is employed, frames with position and orientation estimate sensitivity to slice-select error (such as the z-frame) should be avoided, since this source of error is not easily correctable. Accurate frame position and orientation estimates that are insensitive to static field distortion can be achieved using 2D gradient echo imaging if: (a) the method of determining position and orientation only uses in-plane measurements of marker positions, (b) the in-plane marker positions in images are not sensitive to slice-select error, and (c) methods of correcting in-plane error in the frequency-encoded direction are employed.
Deficiency of Adiponectin Receptor 2 Reduces Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance but Promotes Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Adiponectin/adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) are involved in energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways. To investigate the role of AdipoR2 in metabolic control, we studied the lipid and glucose metabolic phenotypes in AdipoR2-deficient mice. AdipoR2 deletion diminished high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance yet deteriorated glucose homeostasis as high-fat feeding continued, which resulted from the failure of pancreatic beta-cells to adequately compensate for the moderate insulin resistance. A defect in the AdipoR2 gene may represent a mechanism underlying the etiology of certain subgroups of type 2 diabetic patients who eventually develop overt diabetes, whereas other obese patients do not.
Designing magnetic anisotropy in ferrous alloys (2018)

The development of novel magnetic materials relies heavily on the fundamental understanding of structure-processing-property relationships in materials systems. However, a more robust understanding of processing-induced compositional and structural modifications and their effect on technologically relevant magnetic properties is necessary to enable the design of new magnetic materials. Magnetic anisotropy, a parameter of defining interest for many modern applications (such as energy harvesting, data storage, medicine, and automotive technologies) designates the directional-dependence of certain magnetic properties and can originate from a variety of sources (e.g. magnetic phase interactions, crystallography, sample geometry). A full appreciation for the factors influencing magnetic anisotropy allows for contemplation of new magnetic materials systems of enhanced performance, reliability, and availability that can supplement the current supply.
Lattice Precoding for IM/DD POF Interconnects (2017)

We introduce lattice precoding (LP) as an improved version of Tomlinson–Harashima precoding (THP) for direct intensity modulation &amp; direct detection (IM/DD) communications over plastic optical fiber (POF). We show that LP offers a significant gain greater than 5 dB over conventional methods for short-range IM/DD SI-POF systems.
Cyclic amp and cell morphology in cultured fibroblasts. Effects on cell shape, microfilament and microtubule distribution, and orientation to substratum. (1975)

The change in shape of 3T3 and L929 cells due to Bt2cAMP treatment is accompanied by altered intracellular distribution of microfilaments and microtubules. Bt2cAMP added to cells in low density culture causes (a) microfilaments to accumulate in bundles near the plasma membrane, mainly at the cell periphery, and (b) microtubules to accumulate beneath these microfilament bundles. In narrow cell processes that form characteristically in Bt2cAMP-treated L cells, microtubules accumulate in parallel arrays near the center of these processes. A new simple method for evaluating the relative distance of the cell from its underlying substratum is desribed. In normal medium, 3T3 cells attach to their substratum near the nucleus and at the tips of cell processes, bridging irregularities in the plastic surface. With Bt2cAMP treatment, attachment occurs at the cell edge and at many isolated points under the cytoplasm, and the cells conform more closely to irregularities of the underlying substratum. A model of the mechanism by which cAMP modulates cell shape is presented.
Surface‐Driven Magnetotransport in Perovskite Nanocrystals (2016)

Unique insights into magnetotransport in 20 nm ligand-free La<sub>0.67</sub> Sr<sub>0.33</sub> MnO<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanocrystals of nearly perfect crystalline quality reveal a chemically altered 0.8 nm thick surface layer that triggers exceptionally large magnetoresistance at low temperature, independently of the spin polarization of the ferromagnetic core. This discovery shows how the nanoscale impacts magnetotransport in a material widely spread as electrode in hybrid spintronic devices.
Cross-centre replication of suppressed burrowing behaviour as an ethologically relevant pain outcome measure in the rat: a prospective multicentre study (2016)

Burrowing, an ethologically relevant rodent behaviour, has been proposed as a novel outcome measure to assess the global impact of pain in rats. In a prospective multicentre study using male rats (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley), replication of suppressed burrowing behaviour in the complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced model of inflammatory pain (unilateral, 1 mg/mL in 100 µL) was evaluated in 11 studies across 8 centres. Following a standard protocol, data from participating centres were collected centrally and analysed with a restricted maximum likelihood-based mixed model for repeated measures. The total population (TP-all animals allocated to treatment; n = 249) and a selected population (SP-TP animals burrowing over 500 g at baseline; n = 200) were analysed separately, assessing the effect of excluding "poor" burrowers. Mean baseline burrowing across studies was 1113 g (95% confidence interval: 1041-1185 g) for TP and 1329 g (1271-1387 g) for SP. Burrowing was significantly suppressed in the majority of studies 24 hours (7 studies/population) and 48 hours (7 TP, 6 SP) after CFA injections. Across all centres, significantly suppressed burrowing peaked 24 hours after CFA injections, with a burrowing deficit of -374 g (-479 to -269 g) for TP and -498 g (-609 to -386 g) for SP. This unique multicentre approach first provided high-quality evidence evaluating suppressed burrowing as robust and reproducible, supporting its use as tool to infer the global effect of pain on rodents. Second, our approach provided important informative value for the use of multicentre studies in the future.
Viewpoint-Driven Formation Control of Airships for Cooperative Target Tracking (2023)

For tracking and motion capture (MoCap) of animals in their natural habitat, a formation of safe and silent aerial platforms, such as airships with on-board cameras, is well suited. In our prior work we derived formation properties for optimal MoCap, which include maintaining constant angular separation between observers w.r.t. the subject, threshold distance to it and keeping it centered in the camera view. Unlike multi-rotors, airships have non-holonomic constrains and are affected by ambient wind. Their orientation and flight direction are also tightly coupled. Therefore a control scheme for multicopters that assumes independence of motion direction and orientation is not applicable. In this letter, we address this problem by first exploiting a periodic relationship between the airspeed of an airship and its distance to the subject. We use it to derive analytical and numeric solutions that satisfy the formation properties for optimal MoCap. Based on this, we develop an MPC-based formation controller. We perform theoretical analysis of our solution, boundary conditions of its applicability, extensive simulation experiments and a real world demonstration of our control method with an unmanned airship.
Multimedia computing and networking 1999 : 25-27 January 1999, San Jose, California (1998)

This collection of papers from the IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging Symposium includes articles on a variety of relevant issues and topics.
Operational Characteristics of Continuous Renal Replacement Modalities Used for Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required in a significant percentage of patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. One of the foremost objectives of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the removal of excess fluid and blood solutes that are retained as a consequence of decreased or absent glomerular filtration. Because prescription of CRRT requires goals to be set with regard to the rate and extent of both solute and fluid removal, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which solute and fluid removal occurs during CRRT is necessary. The following provides an overview of solute and water transfer during CRRT and this information is placed in the appropriate clinical context with a discussion of recent clinical trials assessing the relationship between CRRT dose and patient survival. Moreover, the differences between solute removal in CRRT and other dialysis modalities, especially sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) and extended daily dialysis (EDD), along with the potential clinical implications are discussed.
Technology platform for 3-D stacking of thinned embedded dies (2008)

This paper presents results on the process for the embedding and 3D stacking of thin dies developed at IMEC. The embedding build-up is composed of photosensitive dielectric BCB and Copper plated metal films. Successful embedding of 15 mum thick Si dies is shown and electrical connection to pads having a dimension of 35 mum is shown. Preliminary results on stacking will also be presented. Those results include removal of the Si carrier from the embedded structures. This technique can also be used for the production of thin polymer foils with embedded dies. Results on thin foil fabrication will also be reported.
A Method for Sectioning and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Stem Cell–Derived 3‐D Organoids (2016)

This unit describes a protocol for embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analysis of pluripotent stem cell-derived 3-D organoids. Specifically, we describe a method to embed iPSC-derived retinal cups in low-melt agarose, acquire thick sections using a vibratome tissue slicer, and perform immunohistochemical analysis. This method includes an approach for antibody labeling that minimizes the amount of antibody needed for individual experiments and that utilizes large-volume washing to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, allowing for clean, high-resolution imaging of developing cell types. The universal methods described can be employed regardless of the type of pluripotent stem cell used and 3-D organoid generated. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Muscarinic M1 and M2 Binding Affinity of Cyclic Amine Derivatives of Caramiphen and Dicyclomine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonuniform growth and surface friction determine bacterial biofilm morphology on soft substrates (2020)

During development, organisms acquire three-dimensional (3D) shapes with important physiological consequences. While basic mechanisms underlying morphogenesis are known in eukaryotes, it is often difficult to manipulate them in vivo. To circumvent this issue, here we present a study of developing <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> biofilms grown on agar substrates in which the spatiotemporal morphological patterns were altered by varying the agar concentration. Expanding biofilms are initially flat but later undergo a mechanical instability and become wrinkled. To gain mechanistic insights into this dynamic pattern-formation process, we developed a model that considers diffusion of nutrients and their uptake by bacteria, bacterial growth/biofilm matrix production, mechanical deformation of both the biofilm and the substrate, and the friction between them. Our model shows quantitative agreement with experimental measurements of biofilm expansion dynamics, and it accurately predicts two distinct spatiotemporal patterns observed in the experiments-the wrinkles initially appear either in the peripheral region and propagate inward (soft substrate/low friction) or in the central region and propagate outward (stiff substrate/high friction). Our results, which establish that nonuniform growth and friction are fundamental determinants of stress anisotropy and hence biofilm morphology, are broadly applicable to bacterial biofilms with similar morphologies and also provide insight into how other bacterial biofilms form distinct wrinkle patterns. We discuss the implications of forming undulated biofilm morphologies, which may enhance the availability of nutrients and signaling molecules and serve as a "bet hedging" strategy.
Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood cells in an animal model of MPS III B (2009)

Sanfilippo syndrome type B (MPS III B) is caused by a deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase enzyme (Naglu), leading to accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), within lysosomes and to eventual progressive cerebral and systemic multiple organ abnormalities. Treatment of MPS patients is mainly supportive and enzyme replacement cell therapy shows promise for treating this disease. One new approach for potential treatment of MPS III B is human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cell transplantation. Recently, we demonstrated that administration of hUCB cells into the cerebral ventricle of presymptomatic Naglu mice had a beneficial effect, probably due to enzyme delivery into the enzyme-deficient mutant mice. However, administration of these cells into the systemic circulation of mutant mice could be more advantageous and may lead to new strategies of enzyme replacement for Sanfilippo. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous administration of hUCB cells into a mouse model of Sanfilippo Syndrome type B. The major findings in our study were that hUCB cell administration improved behavioral outcomes (decreased hyper/stereotypical activity and improved cognitive function). Cells widely distribute within and outside the CNS and intraparenchymally migrate. Administered cells have an antiinflammatory effect (Th2-associated cytokines) in the brain and reduce heparan sulfate accumulation in the liver and spleen. Our results demonstrate the advantages of intravenously administering hUCB cells into a mouse model of Sanfilippo Syndrome type B, the advantages probably a result of Naglu delivery to enzyme-deficient organs.
Potential for a precision measurement of solar $pp$ neutrinos in the Serappis Experiment (2021)

The Serappis (SEarch for RAre PP-neutrinos In Scintillator) project aims at a precision measurement of the flux of solar $pp$ neutrinos on the few-percent level. Such a measurement will be a relevant contribution to the study of solar neutrino oscillation parameters and a sensitive test of the solar luminosity constraint. The concept of Serappis relies on a small organic liquid scintillator detector ($\sim$20 m$^3$) with excellent energy resolution ($\sim$2.5 % at 1 MeV), low internal background and sufficient shielding from surrounding radioactivity. This can be achieved by a minor upgrade of the OSIRIS facility at the site of the JUNO neutrino experiment in southern China. To go substantially beyond current accuracy levels for the $pp$ flux, an organic scintillator with ultra-low $^{14}$C levels (below $10^{-18}$) is required. The existing OSIRIS detector and JUNO infrastructure will be instrumental in identifying suitable scintillator materials, offering a unique chance for a low-budget high-precision measurement of a fundamental property of our Sun that will be otherwise hard to access.
Psychiatric Aspects of Movement during Sleep (2013)

Chapter 56 examines abnormalities of motor control during sleep that may be manifested in a range of psychiatric disorders, as well as psychiatric symptoms that may be encountered in the major sleep-related movement disorders. It reviews psychiatric aspects of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements (PLMs), as well as sleep paralysis and cataplexy. It also discusses parasomnias emerging from both non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, including disorders of arousal, sleep-related eating, bruxism, and REM sleep behavior disorder. It also reviews the evidence for alterations in motor control during sleep in the dementias, the mood disorders, the anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the substance-related disorders. Finally, it covers the various ways in which psychoactive drugs can influence motor activity during sleep. Throughout, it offers speculations on the mechanisms of hypnoid motor dysfunction in mental illness.
Formation and phenotypic characterization of CD49a, CD49b and CD103 expressing CD8 T cell populations in human metastatic melanoma (2018)

Integrins α1β1 (CD49a), α2β1 (CD49b) and αEβ7 (CD103) mediate retention of lymphocytes in peripheral tissues, and their expression is upregulated on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) compared to circulating lymphocytes. Little is known about what induces expression of these retention integrins (RI) nor whether RI define subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a specific phenotype. Human metastatic melanoma-derived CD8 TIL could be grouped into five subpopulations based on RI expression patterns: RI<sup>neg</sup>, CD49a<sup>+</sup> only, CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>+</sup>, CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup>, or positive for all three RI. A significantly larger fraction of the CD49a<sup>+</sup> only subpopulation expressed multiple effector cytokines, whereas CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup> and CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>+</sup> cells expressed IFNγ only. RI<sup>neg</sup> and CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup> CD8 TIL subsets expressed significantly less effector cytokines overall. Interestingly, however, CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup> CD8 expressed lowest CD127, and highest levels of perforin and exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim3, suggesting selective exhaustion rather than conversion to memory. To gain insight into RI expression induction, normal donor PBMC were cultured with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and/or cytokines. TCR stimulation alone induced two RI<sup>+</sup> cell populations: CD49a single positive and CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>+</sup> cells. TNFα and IL-2 each were capable of inducing these populations. Addition of TGFβ to TCR stimulation generated two additional populations; CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>neg</sup>CD103<sup>+</sup> and CD49a<sup>+</sup>CD49b<sup>+</sup>CD103<sup>+.</sup> Taken together, our findings identify opportunities to modulate RI expression in the TME by cytokine therapies and to generate subsets with a specific RI repertoire in the interest of augmenting immune therapies for cancer or for modulating other immune-related diseases such as autoimmune diseases.
The kinase ALK stimulates the kinase ERK5 to promote the expression of the oncogene MYCN in neuroblastoma (2014)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an important molecular target in neuroblastoma. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors abrogating ALK activity are currently in clinical use for the treatment of ALK-positive (ALK(+)) disease, monotherapy with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors may not be an adequate solution for ALK(+) neuroblastoma patients. Increased expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor MYCN is common in neuroblastomas and correlates with poor prognosis. We found that the kinase ERK5 [also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 (BMK1)] is activated by ALK through a pathway mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, MAPK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), and MAPK kinase 5 (MEK5). ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and stimulation of cell proliferation required ERK5. Pharmacological or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ERK5 suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in both cells and xenograft models. Together, our results indicate that ERK5 mediates ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and proliferation of neuroblastoma, suggesting that targeting both ERK5 and ALK may be beneficial in neuroblastoma patients.
Organization of Valence-Encoding and Projection-Defined Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala (2018)

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) mediates associative learning for both fear and reward. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that different BLA projections distinctly alter motivated behavior, including projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), medial aspect of the central amygdala (CeM), and ventral hippocampus (vHPC). Although there is consensus regarding the existence of distinct subsets of BLA neurons encoding positive or negative valence, controversy remains regarding the anatomical arrangement of these populations. First, we map the location of more than 1,000 neurons distributed across the BLA and recorded during a Pavlovian discrimination task. Next, we determine the location of projection-defined neurons labeled with retrograde tracers and use CLARITY to reveal the axonal path in 3-dimensional space. Finally, we examine the local influence of each projection-defined populations within the BLA. Understanding the functional and topographical organization of circuits underlying valence assignment could reveal fundamental principles about emotional processing.
Carrier Transport across a Few Grain Boundaries in Highly Doped Polycrystalline Silicon (2001)

We have fabricated nanometer-scale point-contact devices in 50-nm-thick poly-Si films with a grain size of from 150 nm to 20 nm. Both linear and nonlinear I ds - V ds characteristics were observed in these devices, corresponding to a channel without a grain boundary (GB) and that with a single or a few GBs, respectively. The temperature dependence of resistivity indicated that the effective potential barrier height q V B of the GBs for the devices which show the nonlinear I ds - V ds characteristics ranges from 30 meV to 80 meV. We discussed percolation conduction of electrons through a few GBs due to nonuniform GB properties in heavily doped poly-Si films.
ChemInform Abstract: From a Remarkable Manifestation of Polar Effects in a Radical Fragmentation to the Convergent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Ketones. (2013)

Abstract Unprotected vinyl carbinols react with the radicals generated from xanthanes involving a rare cleavage of a C—C bond in a non‐strained open chain structure.