gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic and System Approaches for a Stable LiFi-RF HetNet Under Transient Channel Conditions (2021)

A LiFi-RF heterogeneous network can provide additional capacity to standalone wireless technologies due to their non-interfering nature. However, due to the properties of the short-range LiFi channel, the network is prone to transient channel variations that result in frequent, unnecessary handovers. This handover process creates an overhead and can result in the loss of connection. To ensure a stable connection for all users, a low complexity resource allocation algorithm, that considers the loss due to handovers, is proposed to minimize the number of handovers. This algorithmic approach is evaluated with simulations. For scenarios with unavoidable handovers, a system approach to manage vertical handovers is proposed to minimize the vertical handoff overhead and to offer a seamless interface switch, thereby resulting in a stable network. This protocol is implemented in hardware and the results show a negligible overhead.
Evaluation of PCR amplification from fixed caecal tissue to determine the infection of experimentally infected laying hens with Brachyspira pilosicoli (2007)

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is a condition arising from colonization of the caeca and colon of birds with anaerobic spirochaetes of the genus Brchyspira. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate PCR amplification from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue method for detecting infected laying hens with Brachyspira pilosicoli with the same primers that have been used for detecting the infection in live birds. Over a 4-week period following experimental infection, the faeces of three of the eight inoculated birds became culture-positive. At post-mortem examination, no specific pathological changes were found, and in histological examination of caeca, no forming a false brush border was observed, but the spirochaete-form bacteria were present between the intestinal villi. Faecal and swab cultures from caeca of three infected birds became positive and confirmed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene of B. pilosicoli. But this gene was not detected by PCR amplification from fixed caecal tissues of infected birds. This result might be due to low number of bacteria in each section or damage and fragmentation of target DNA.
MP67-17 EVALUATION OF CONTACT ELECTROPULSE LITHOTRIPSY: IN VITRO ASSESMENT OF CAVITATION AND STONE FRAGMENTATION (2016)

2) In the in vivo study, we induced renal CaOx crystal deposits in 8week-old male C57BL/6J mice using a daily intra-abdominal injection of glyoxylate (GOX). Mice treated with M1 or M2-transfusion (1x10 6 cells from tail-vein), M1-induction (by LPS+IFNg), and M2-induction (by IL-4+IL-13) were compared with GOX-treated control. Renal crystal deposits, expression of crystal-related proteins and the corresponding genes was examined by immunohistochemistry and PCR, respectively.
Reduced loss microwave fiber-optic links by intracavity modulation and carrier suppression (1997)

Fiber-optic links are limited by the large V/sub /spl pi// of commercial modulators and by nonlinearities in the photodiodes used to demodulate the RF signals. Intracavity modulation and carrier suppression is shown to enhance the received microwave power in a fiber-optic link for a given optical power at a receiver. The carrier wavelength is automatically locked to the intracavity reflective notch filter that suppresses the carrier relative to the modulation sidebands. Link loss reductions exceeding 10 db were measured for frequencies from 1 to 25 GHz. Harmonic distortions can be decreased by combining this technique with above-quadrature biasing.
High Frequency Isolated Class-E Resonant DC-DC Converter with Thin-Film Microtransformer (2022)

This paper presents an implementation of a high frequency isolated resonant dc-dc converter, utilizing emerging micromagnetics technology. It shows that the class-E converter is a well suited candidate for fully integrated isolated power conversion. The design procedure of selecting parameters for this complex system as well as controller design are presented. A proof of concept 5V to 5V, 0.5 W, 23 MHz prototype was made, using discrete components chosen to scale with the microtransformer to emulate a fully integrated implementation. Strategy for regulation of the converter is presented and verified.
Derivation of closed-form ellipsoidal X-ray mirror shapes from Fermat's principle (2022)

Ellipsoidal and plane-elliptical surfaces are widely used as reflective, point-to-point focusing elements in many optical systems, including X-ray optics. Here the classical optical path function approach of Fermat is applied to derive a closed-form expression for these surfaces that are uniquely described by the object and image distances and the angle of incidence at a point on a mirror surface. A compact description facilitates design, modeling, fabrication, and testing to arbitrary accuracy. Congruent surfaces in two useful coordinate systems - a system centered on the ellipsoid's axes of symmetry and a mirror-centered or `vertex' system with the surface tangent to the xy plane at the mirror's center - are presented. Expressions for the local slope and radii of curvature are derived from the result, and the first several terms of the Maclauren series expansion are provided about the mirror center.
VRIF Guidelines on Live VR Services (2020)

Founded at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2017, the Virtual Reality Industry Forum (VRIF) ( <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">www.vr-if.org</uri> ) is chartered with the mission to further the widespread availability of high-quality audiovisual virtual reality (VR) experiences. Its charter includes delivering guidelines and advocating industry consensus around common technical standards for end-to-end VR interoperability from content production through distribution to consumption. VRIF delivered the first release of its Guidelines <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> in early 2018 detailing an initial set of best practices and recommendations for realizing high-quality, interoperable 360° video experiences. Its latest Guidelines version 2.2 (2020) includes new features such as live VR services, high dynamic range (HDR) support, use of text and fonts, and watermarking for theatrical VR. Currently, VRIF is working on new features around volumetric content production and distribution, cloud VR and edge computing, enhanced 360° video support, and enabling social VR experiences.
Efficiently Evaluating Order Preserving Similarity Queries over Historical Market-Basket Data (2006)

We introduce a new domain-independent framework for formulating and efficiently evaluating similarity queries over historical data, where given a history as a sequence of timestamped observations and the pair-wise similarity of observations, we want to find similar histories. For instance, given a database of customer transactions and a time period, we can find customers with similar purchasing behaviors over this period. Our work is different from the work on retrieving similar time series; it addresses the general problem in which a history cannot be modeled as a time series, hence the relevant conventional approaches are not applicable. We derive a similarity measure for histories, based on an aggregation of the similarities between the observations of the two histories, and propose efficient algorithms for finding an optimal alignment between two histories. Given the non-metric nature of our measure, we develop some upper bounds and an algorithm that makes use of those bounds to prune histories that are guaranteed not to be in the answer set. Our experimental results on real and synthetic data confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. For instance, when the minimum length of a match is provided, our algorithm achieves up to an order of magnitude speed-up over alternative methods.
Predicting progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A 10‐year multicenter study (2008)

Rates of progression vary widely in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. This multicenter study aimed to identify predictors of progression over 10 years. A total of 101 patients who had been imaged at baseline and 2 years were scored on the expanded disability status scale after 10 years. Ordinal logistic regression identified the following independent variables that predicted progression: male sex, shorter disease duration, and slower timed walk test at baseline (best overall predictor), and deterioration in expanded disability status scale score and reduction in brain volume over 2 years. These predictors of long-term disability provide some insight into disease progression.
Synthesis of Tetrahydro-6H-benzo[4,5]pyrano[2,3-c]pyridin-6-one. A Novel Ring System (1977)

Lijwentor 1-Bromo-(8),9-(di) methyl -6a,lOa-trans-6a,7,10,10a tetrahydro 6H-benzo p , j pyrano E , 3 -3 pyridin -6-one is synthesized by means of a Diels-Alder reaction, starting from trans-4-(3,5 dibromo) pyridil-acrylic acid, in a one-step procedure.8 In order to obtain pyridyl-analogues of -tetrahydrocannabinols 8 ( a -THC) we prepared a 6H-benzo k,d pyrano 6.3-4 pyridine structure representing to our knowledge a new ring-system.Reacting trans-4-(3,5 dibromo)-pyridyl acrylic acid 1 (obtained by means of a Knoevenagel-condensation of the corresponding pyridine aldehyde and malonic acid1' with isoprene or 2.3-dimethyl-0 butadiene in dioxane at 120 C, 14 hours, we obtained the lactonic structure 2a,b (30% yield, mp.a: 151, b: 1 4 8 ~~) and not the 2,3) "open" adduct 2a,b, as expected from analogous reactions .
Cell cycle phase, cellular Ca2+ and development in Dictyostelium discoideum (2001)

In Dictyostelium discoideum, the initial differentiation of cells is regulated by the phase of the cell cycle at starvation. Cells in S and early G2 (or with a low DNA content) have relatively high levels of cellular Ca2+ and display a prestalk tendency after starvation, whereas cells in mid to late G2 (or with a high DNA content) have relatively low levels of Ca2+ and display a prespore tendency. We found that there is a correlation between cytosolic Ca2+ and cell cycle phase, with high Ca2+ levels being restricted to cells in the S and early G2 phases. As expected on the basis of this correlation, cell cycle inhibitors influence the proportions of amoebae containing high or low Ca2+. However, it has been reported that in the rtoA mutant, which upon differentiation gives rise to many more stalk cells than spores (compared to the wild type), initial cell-type choice is independent of cell cycle phase at starvation. In contrast to the wild type, a disproportionately large fraction of rtoA amoebae fall into the high Ca2+ class, possibly due to an altered ability of this mutant to transport Ca2+.
The NMR spectra and conformations of dihydropyran derivatives—II: The conformational energies of carbomethoxy, hydroxymethyl and acetoxymethyl groups at c‐6 of the 5,6‐dihydro‐α‐pyran ring (1972)

Abstract The sum of coupling constants of proton H‐6 for conformations H1 and 1H of the 6‐substituted 5,6‐dihydro‐α‐pyran derivatives have been determined with the aid of appropriate, conformationally biased compounds. With the use of these values and the PMR spectra of the title compounds, thermodynamic values of their conformational equilibria and the conformational preferences of the carbomethoxy, hydroxymethyl and acetoxymethyl groups, have been evaluated.
CFD Assisted Evaluation of In Vitro Experiments on Bearingless Blood Pumps (2020)

This paper compares different Eulerian CFD hemolysis models, parameter sets, and equivalent shear stresses to several in vitro hemolysis tests. The sensitivity of the models is compared to that of in vitro studies. It is shown that CFD simulations have their limitations but can help with interpreting the outcomes of in vitro studies.
Injury by Delta V in Front, Near-Side, Far-Side and Rear Impacts: Analysis of 1994-2015 NASS-CDS (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The risk for severe injury (MAIS 4+F) was determined by crash type, seatbelt use and crash severity (delta V) using 22 years of NASS-CDS from 1994-2015 with all light vehicles and occupants 15+ years old. There were 9 increments of delta V from &amp;lt;16-72+ km/h (&amp;lt;10-45+ mph). Crashes were grouped by the location of damage to the front, near-side, far-side and rear. Injury risk was calculated by dividing the number of severely injured (MAIS 4+F) by the number of exposure (MAIS 0+F) occupants using weighted data. Standard errors were determined. The data and plots provide a national estimate of injury by delta V in front, near-side, far-side and rear impacts based on the multi-year field data in NASS-CDS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Globally scalable generation of high-resolution land cover from multispectral imagery (2017)

We present an automated method of generating high resolution (~ 2 meter) land cover using a pattern recognition neural network trained on spatial and spectral features obtained from over 9000 WorldView multispectral images (MSI) in six distinct world regions. At this resolution, the network can classify small-scale objects such as individual buildings, roads, and irrigation ponds. This paper focuses on three key areas. First, we describe our land cover generation process, which involves the co-registration and aggregation of multiple spatially overlapping MSI, post-aggregation processing, and the registration of land cover to OpenStreetMap (OSM) road vectors using feature correspondence. Second, we discuss the generation of land cover derivative products and their impact in the areas of region reduction and object detection. Finally, we discuss the process of globally scaling land cover generation using cloud computing via Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Towards Robot Task Planning From Probabilistic Models of Human Skills (2016)

We describe an algorithm for motion planning based on expert demonstrations of a skill. In order to teach robots to perform complex object manipulation tasks that can generalize robustly to new environments, we must (1) learn a representation of the effects of a task and (2) find an optimal trajectory that will reproduce these effects in a new environment. We represent robot skills in terms of a probability distribution over features learned from multiple expert demonstrations. When utilizing a skill in a new environment, we compute feature expectations over trajectory samples in order to stochastically optimize the likelihood of a trajectory in the new environment. The purpose of this method is to enable execution of complex tasks based on a library of probabilistic skill models. Motions can be combined to accomplish complex tasks in hybrid domains. Our approach is validated in a variety of case studies, including an Android game, simulated assembly task, and real robot experiment with a UR5.
An mTOR Signaling Modulator Suppressed Heterotopic Ossification of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (2018)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare and intractable disorder characterized by extraskeletal bone formation through endochondral ossification. FOP patients harbor gain-of-function mutations in ACVR1 (FOP-ACVR1), a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins. Despite numerous studies, no drugs have been approved for FOP. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) system focused on the constitutive activation of FOP-ACVR1 by utilizing a chondrogenic ATDC5 cell line that stably expresses FOP-ACVR1. After HTS of 5,000 small-molecule compounds, we identified two hit compounds that are effective at suppressing the enhanced chondrogenesis of FOP patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (FOP-iPSCs) and suppressed the heterotopic ossification (HO) of multiple model mice, including FOP-ACVR1 transgenic mice and HO model mice utilizing FOP-iPSCs. Furthermore, we revealed that one of the hit compounds is an mTOR signaling modulator that indirectly inhibits mTOR signaling. Our results demonstrate that these hit compounds could contribute to future drug repositioning and the mechanistic analysis of mTOR signaling.
Avoiding fiber nonlinearities by choice of modulation format (2010)

Nonlinear refraction in fiber optic links is a capacity limiting mechanism, whereby the phase of each propagating signal is modulated by intensity variations of signals in nearby channels. The transition to coherent detection enables a wide variety of modulation formats to be considered. Indeed, the choice of modulation format plays a primary role in determining the degree of amplitude variation in the channel as well as the robustness to the phase noise impairment that nonlinearities induce. On one hand, constant envelope formats (or nearly-constant) avoid fluctuations in the signal and produce lower nonlinearity-based impairments. Alternatively, star-QAM modulation formats enhance the receiver's robustness to phase noise. Using simulated and experimental results we demonstrate the effectiveness of each format in avoiding fiber nonlinearity effects for both standard fiber (17ps/nm-km) and NZDF (5 ps/nm-km). We show sensitivity of several formats to nonlinear phase modulation from adjacent channels. We show the interaction between dispersion and constant envelope formats that guides the applications in which constant envelope formats, such as continuous phase modulation (CPM) provide gain over non-constant formats, such as QPSK. Consideration is made to scaling to 100 Gb/s and beyond in practical implementations.
Third‐generation amphiphilic conetworks. III. Permeabilities and mechanical properties (2007)

Abstract While two of our earlier papers on poly(dimethyl acryl amide)/polymethylhydrosiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMAAm/PMHS/PDMS) amphiphilic conetworks concerned synthesis and biological properties, respectively, the present contribution focuses on oxygen and insulin permeabilities, and select mechanical properties. We show that by increasing the PDMAAm content from 20 to 60% (i.e., by decreasing the hydrophobic content from 80 to 40%), oxygen permeabilities decrease from ∼240 to ∼130 barrers. Evidently, oxygen permeability is a function of the sum of the oxyphilic components, PDMS + PMHS, in the conetworks. In contrast, insulin permeability is a function of the hydrophilic component, and reaches a desirable 1.5 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s at 61% PDMAAm. We also studied the permeabilities of glucose, dextran, and albumin through a PDMAAm 61 /PMHS 6 /PDMS 33 membrane and found, unsurprisingly, that the permeability of these molecules follows their hydrodynamic radii, and we project that the permeability of IgG is infinitesimally low. Tensile strengths and ultimate elongations of water‐swollen membranes are also a function of conetwork composition: by increasing the PDMAAm content from 30 to 60%, strengths decrease from 1.6 to 1.2 MPa, and elongations from ∼60 to ∼40%. Overall, the permeabilities and the mechanical properties of these membranes are appropriate for implantation and, specifically, for immunoisolation of living tissue. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4276–4283, 2007
LiCaAlF6:Eu and LiCaAlF6:Ce Single Crystals Grown by the Vertical Bridgman Method in a Nonvacuum Atmosphere and Their Optical and Scintillation Properties (2021)

Single crystals of LiCaAlF6:Eu and LiCaAlF6:Ce with a diameter of 25.4 mm were grown by the Bridgman method in a nonvacuum atmosphere. The as-grown crystals are highly transparent and crack- and inclusion-free. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed a single phase of a trigonal structure with the space group of P3̅1c. The effects of a nonvacuum growth atmosphere on optical and scintillation properties and defect structures were studied. The 4f-5d absorption bands of Eu2+ and Ce3+ in the LiCaAlF6 host peak at 300 and 270 nm, respectively. The results of the photoluminescence spectrum and X-ray excited radioluminescence demonstrate that Eu2+ ions dominantly exist in the LiCaAlF6:Eu single crystal with a small amount of Eu3+ ions. Under γ-ray radiation, single crystals of LiCaAlF6:Eu and LiCaAlF6:Ce have light yields of 23,000 ± 2000 and 1000 ± 100 photons/MeV, respectively. Single scintillation decay components of 1.64 μs and 45 ns are evaluated for LiCaAlF6:Eu and LiCaAlF6:Ce, respectively. The defect structures were investigated by using three-dimensional thermoluminescence measurement.
Nickel-Specific Human T Cell Clones: Functional Characterization and Requirements for Triggering (1985)

The exact nature of T cells mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is still controversial1–3. Investigations in both human and animal systems suggested that T DTH cells have the same phenotype and MHC restriction as helper T cells4–6. This raises the question of whether or not helper activity and DTH can be mediated by the same activated T cell. In order to investigate this issue we took advantage of a clinical situation, Ni-contact dermatitis, which is considered an expression of pure DTH reaction. Representative T lymphocyte clones (TLC) isolated from two of these patients show the surface phenotype and in vitro function of T helper cells and produce high levels of γ-interferon (IFN-γ). In addition the simple chemical nature of this antigen may be useful for the analysis of T cell specificity and triggering requirements.
Effect of Hammerhead Ribozyme against Human Thymidylate Synthase on the Cytotoxicity of Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors (1995)

One of the resistance mechanisms to folate-based thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors is the increase in TS activity in tumor cells. Human B lymphoblastoid cell line (W1L2) was made resistant to a lipophilic non-polyglutamatable TS inhibitor (ZM249148), and the subline (W1L2:R179) showed a 20-fold increase in TS enzyme activity with concomitant overexpression of TS mRNA. To overcome the resistance, we designed a ribozyme that can cleave the CUC sequences in a triple tandemly repeated sequence of TS mRNA. Expression of this ribozyme in W1L2:R179 cells transfected with Epstein Barr virus-based expression vector resulted in sensitization to TS inhibitors concomitantly with a decrease of TS expression. The ribozyme expressed in transfectants was shown to be functional in cleaving artificial TS RNA in vitro.
Description of FIR digital filters in the form of parallelconnection of linear phase FIRs (1998)

The original paper (see ibid., vol32, no. 11 p. 979-80, 1996) showed that an Nth-order one-dimensional digital FIR filter may be represented as a parallel connection of [log/sub 2/(N + 2)] linear phase digital FIR filters. Iwaki and Ishii state that their linear phase decomposition is not unique and that several decompositions are possible. The authors also state that linear phase decompositions may be useful in decomposing a general filter design problem into several linear phase subproblems, so that well-developed linear phase filter design techniques could be applied to a general filter design problem. The linear phase decomposition given in this comment is based on a given theorem.
GaAs multiple-quantum-well reflector modulators with 4:1 contrast ratios on Si (1991)

Considerable modulation ratios are achieved for GaAs multiple-quantum-well reflector modulators grown on Si by inserting an AlAs/AlGaAs dielectric mirror into the device structure. Modulation ratios of up to 4:1 is attained as the external bias voltage is increased to 9 V and the 1C-1HH exciton absorption peak undergoes quantum-confirmed Stark shift. Measurements also indicate that cavity effects arising from the front surface reflection and that of the imbedded dielectric mirror strongly modify the reflectivity spectra.