gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure–activity relationship study on human urotensin II (2004)

The vasoactive cyclic undecapeptide urotensin-II (U-II) has been identified as an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor now referred to as the UT receptor. The U-II/UT receptor system might be relevant for cardiovascular functions. A structure-activity study of human U-II investigating 31 peptides in the rat aorta bioassay is reported. Ala- and D-scan investigations indicated that the sequence Phe6-Trp7-Lys8-Tyr9 is essential for biological activity and that Lys8 and Tyr9 are particularly important. These two residues were substituted with a series of coded and non-coded amino acids. These studies demonstrated that the positive charge of the primary aliphatic amine at position 8 and its relative spatial orientation is crucial for both receptor occupation and activation, while the only chemical requirement at position 9 is the presence of an aromatic moiety. Moreover, this study led to the identification of UT receptor partial agonists (compounds 23 and 24) which can be used as chemical templates for further investigations aimed at the identification of selective antagonists.
Using multiple saliencies for the estimation of flux, position, and velocity in AC machines (2002)

This paper presents an improved method of estimating the flux angle, rotor position and velocity by tracking the position of spatial saliencies in an AC machine. Specifically, a machine model is presented which accurately models the behavior of AC machines with multiple spatial harmonic saliencies. The effects of multiple spatial harmonic saliencies on the estimation of flux angle, position and velocity is analyzed, and methods are presented utilizing multiple spatial harmonic saliencies to provide wide bandwidth, high accuracy estimates of machine flux angle, rotor position and velocity.
Mo2c Nanoparticle-CNT Composite Electrode for Lithium-Oxygen Battery (2015)

The five times higher energy density compared to conventional Li-ion batteries and its environment friendly reaction system make Li–O 2 batteries a promising energy storage system. In spite of their great prospect, practical use of Li−O 2 batteries still suffer many challenges such as low energy efficiency, poor rate capability and a poor cycle life. These problems are mainly attributable to excessive accumulation of discharge products (Li 2 O 2 ), which induce poor reversibility and high polarization when they decompose during charging. 1,2 Consequently, the number of operating cycles for Li−O 2 batteries cannot yet match those of Li-ion batteries. Moreover, the energy efficiency (&lt; 80%) of the present Li−O 2 battery system is also too low. To improve the performance of Li−O 2 battery systems, a key factor is finding ways to enhance the catalytic activity of the cathode for formation and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , which is critical to decrease the polarization and increase the reversibility. 3,4 Herein, we introduce well dispersed molybdenum carbide nanoparticles onto carbon nanotubes (Mo 2 C/CNT) as a cathode material for Li−O 2 batteries. Mo 2 C could be a good catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in Li−O 2 batteries and the carbon nanotubes could help the Mo 2 C nanoparticles be an ORR catalyst due to its electrical conductivity. In this report, a Mo 2 C/carbon nanotube composite as a cathode is demonstrated to reduce high over potentials during charge and improve the cycling performance of Li−O 2 batteries. References (1) Lu, Y. C.; Shao-Horn, Y. Probing the Reaction Kinetics of the Charge Reactions of Nonaqueous Li–O 2 Batteries J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013 , 4, 93-99. (2) Xu, J. J.; Wang, Z. L.; Xu, D.; Zhang, L. L.; Zhang, X. B. Tailoring deposition and morphology of discharge products towards high-rate and long-life lithium-oxygen batteries Nat. Commun . 2013 , 4, 2438-2449. (3) Lu, J.; Lei, Y.; Lau, K. C.; Luo, X.; Du, P.; Wen, J.; Assary, R. S.; Das, U.; Miller, D. J.; Elam, J. W. et al. A nanostructured cathode architecture for low charge overpotential in lithium-oxygen batteries Nat. Commun. 2014 , 5, 2383-2391. (4) Li, F.; Tang, D. M.; Chen, Y.; Golderg, D.; Kitaura, H.; Zhang, T.; Yamada, A.; Zhou, H. Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O 2 Battery Nano Lett. 2013 , 13, 4702-4707.
Feature Importance Identification through Bottleneck Reconstruction (2019)

We address the problem of feature importance. Often, when working with classification or regression problems, the results of black-box deep learning techniques are held to scrutiny in an effort to interpret which and to what extent various features affect outcome. We address this issue specifically when the model has a bottleneck which we will be used to infer feature importance. In this paper, we apply this technique to weather data and study which weather features affect traffic most. To this end, we introduce convolutional spatial embedding to convert data with spatial information into spatial images that are suitable for convolutional neural networks. An advantage of our approach is in dealing with input that has highly correlated features, where removing even an important feature will not increase loss.
Immunity to viral infections (1990)

Hughes, Huw P.A. BSc, PhD; Campos, Manuel DVM, MSC, PhD; Godson, Dale DVM; Babiuk, Lorne A. BSA, MSc, PhD, DSC Author Information
The TCP-1 Ring Complex (TRiC) binds antigenic peptides and facilitates their cross-presentation by APCs (93.5) (2007)

Abstract The multimeric chaperonin TCP-1 Ring Complex (TRiC), an hsp60 homologue, was recently found to associate with the precursors of the ovalbumin-derived SIINFEKL epitope during processing and loading onto MHC I. The TRiC-peptide association is essential for loading of MHC I. Here, we have sought to characterize the peptide-binding properties of TRiC in vitro, and study the behavior of TRiC-peptide complexes in cross-presentation assays. TRiC is shown to bind a variety of peptides in vitro in much the same manner as previously described peptide chaperones of the hsp90 family. TRiC-peptide complexes are efficiently taken up by APCs and the peptides are processed and represented on MHC class I for recognition by specific CD8+ T cells. These results as well as the immunological properties of TRiC-peptide complexes formed in vivo shall be reported.
Host and microbiome features of secondary infections in lethal covid-19 (2022)

Abstract Secondary infections contribute significantly to covid-19 mortality but host and microbial factors driving this sequel remain poorly understood. We performed an autopsy study of 20 covid-19 cases and 14 controls from the first pandemic wave. Autopsies combined with microbial cultivation and deep RNA sequencing (RNAseq) allowed us to define major organ pathologies and specify secondary infections. Lethal covid-19 segregated into two main death causes separating cases with either dominant diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) or secondary infections of lungs. Lung microbiome changes were profound in covid-19 showing a reduced biodiversity and increased presence of prototypical bacterial and fungal pathogens in cases with secondary infections. Deep RNAseq of lung tissues distinctly mirrored death causes and cellular deconvolution stratified DAD cases into subgroups with different cellular compositions. Myeloid cells, including macrophages, and complement C1q activation were found to be strong stratifying factors suggesting a pathophysiological link possibly leading to tolerance in DAD subgroups. Moreover, several signs of immune-impairment were evident in covid-19 lungs including strong induction of inhibitory immune-checkpoints. Thus, our study highlights profound alterations of the local immunity in covid-19, wherein immune-impairment leads to reduced antimicrobial defense favoring the development of secondary infections on top of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Technical Perspective: The power of parallelizing computations (2016)

No abstract available.
Thermal modulation of skin friction at the fingertip (2022)

Abstract Preliminary human studies show that reduced skin temperature minimises the risk of mechanically-induced skin damage. However, the mechanisms by which cooling enhances skin tolerance to pressure and shear remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that skin cooling below thermo-neutral conditions will decrease friction at the skin-material interface. To test our hypothesis, we measured the friction coefficient of a thermally pre-conditioned index finger sliding at a normal load (5N) across a plate maintained at three different temperatures (38, 24, and 16□). To quantify the temperature distribution of the skin tissue, we used 3D surface scanning and Optical Coherence Tomography to develop an anatomically-representative thermal model of the finger. Our data indicated that the sliding finger with thermally affected tissues (up to 8mm depth) experienced significantly (p&lt;0.01) lower frictional forces at 16°C-plate temperature than at the 24°C [-23% (±19% SD)] and 38°C plate interactions [-35% (±11% SD)], respectively. This phenomenon occurred without changes in skin hydration during sliding. Accordingly, our experiments demonstrate thermal modulation of skin friction in the absence of skin-moisture effects. Our complementary experimental and theoretical results provide new insight into thermal modulation of skin friction that can be employed for developing thermal technologies to maintain skin integrity under mechanical loading.
Manipulation and Resynthesis with Natural Grains (2001)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses that emerged in poultry in East Asia spread to Europe and North America by late 2014. Here we show that the European HPAI H5N8 viruses differ from the Korean and Japanese HPAI H5N8 viruses by several amino acids and that a Dutch HPAI H5N8 virus had low virulence and was not transmitted via the airborne route in ferrets. The virus did not cross-react with sera raised against pre-pandemic H5 vaccine strains. This data is useful for public health risk assessments.
P‐74: Low Temperature a‐Si TFT on Soda Lime Glass (2008)

Abstract Replacing the current non‐alkali glass with soda lime glass can significantly reduce the cost of the current TFT‐LCD module. One key step in manufacturing is to make TFT backplane on soda lime glass substrate. In this work, we demonstrate low temperature a‐ Si thin film transistor (TFT) at 200°C on soda lime glass. with the use of SiNx barrier to prevent sodium contamination, we show the TFT properties can be improved significantly and achieve TFT of saturation mobility 0.47cm 2 /Vs, threshold voltage 0V, off current 77×10 −11 A, sub‐threshold swing 1.0 V/dec. We also show that our TFT device has comparable or better threshold voltage stability as compared to those made in non‐alkali glass. Finally, we show the robustness of SiNx barrier against long term sodium migration.
Simultaneous measurement of multiple breath washout and functional lung MRI (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> The nitrogen multiple breath washout (N<sub>2</sub>MBW) technique measures global ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) through breathing 100% oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) to washout resident nitrogen. Dynamic oxygen-enhanced (dOE) MRI assesses regional VI by measuring changes in pulmonary relaxation time (T1) upon exposure to O<sub>2</sub>. <b>Aim:</b> To assess feasibility and compare outcomes from simultaneous N<sub>2</sub>MBW and dOE MRI measurements. <b>Methods:</b> We performed simultaneous N<sub>2</sub>MBW and dOE MRI in a healthy volunteer with 4s breath-holding (BH) allowing for higher MRI quality than in free-breathing. We assessed and compared N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations for each washout breath from MBW and dOE MRI. We obtained gas concentrations from dOE MRI by fitting exponential T1 signal decay and setting the initial/final concentrations to 79%N<sub>2</sub> (21% O<sub>2</sub>)/ 0%N<sub>2</sub> (100% 0<sub>2</sub>). <b>Results:</b> Simultaneous MBW and dOE MRI testing was feasible but technically challenging. Quantitative and functional image quality (Figure 1A) was comparable with previous studies. The N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> concentration curves from dOE MRI were similar to those from MBW (Figure 1A-B). The end-of-test criteria for MBW at 2.5% N<sub>2</sub> was reached after 7 washout breaths for both MBW and MRI. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> Simultaneous assessment of MBW and dOE MRI may allow for more comprehensive assessment of lung ventilation. Further studies are needed to enhance MBW MRI compatibility.
Polarization state conversion through exceptional point encirclement (2017)

We present an integrated optical configuration for converting any arbitrary polarization into a desired output state. This topologically robust chiral process relies on encircling the systems exceptional point through parameter variations along the propagation direction.
Infrared spectroscopy at high pressure: adsorption of dinitrogen on supported rhodium in the absence of carbon monoxide (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared spectroscopy at high pressure: adsorption of dinitrogen on supported rhodium in the absence of carbon monoxideJ. P. Wey, W. C. Neely, and S. D. WorleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 22, 8879–8881Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100175a084https://doi.org/10.1021/j100175a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Perspectives on inorganic, organic, and biological crystal growth : from fundamentals to applications : based on the lectures presented at the 13th International Summer School on Crystal Growth, Park City, Utah 5-11 August 2007 (2007)

This book provides a comprehensive overview of crystal growth for graduate students who are about to engage in research on crystal growth, as well as experienced researchers who are interested in broadening their perspective of the crystal growth field and learning about new materials and techniques. A wide range of crystal growth topics are covered in 27 separate title areas, including underlying fundamentals of crystal growth such as thermodynamics and kinetics.
INSPECTION OF FATIGUE CRACKS INITIATED AT PAINTED STEEL MEMBER BY IMAGING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (2017)

近年，鋼橋の溶接部から多数の疲労損傷が報告されている．実橋梁に発生した疲労き裂は，一般的に磁粉探傷試験(MT)によって検出される．しかし，MTによる検査では，塗膜除去と再塗装を要するため，コスト・時間を要するという課題がある．さらに，MTは計測範囲が小さいという問題もある．そこで，本研究では，表面弾性波の伝播の様子を画像計測によって可視化することで，塗膜上から疲労き裂を検知できるかどうかを確かめた．計測結果から，塗膜割れのみ生じている場合は，面外ガセット溶接継手やT字溶接継手に発生したき裂を塗膜の上から検知することができた．しかし，塗膜割れとともにと塗膜の剥がれが生じている場合は，塗膜上からき裂を検知することが困難であることがわかった．
Vertical Transmission from Russia (2018)

The Russian Microbiological Society has had a long and complicated history, reflecting the recent history of our country. It was established in 1957, in the Soviet Union, as the All-Union Microbiological Society and in the mid-80s comprised more than 5000 members. Several distinguished Russian microbiologists were its Presidents: the last one was Professor Elena Kondrat'eva, famous for her investigations of bacterial photosynthesis. However, the Society did not survive all the changes of the 90s, and, in spite of an attempt to revive it in 1992, did not exist until 2003.
Metal‐Enhanced Fluorescence: Application to High‐Throughput Screening and Drug Discovery (2010)

Abstract Metal‐enhanced fluorescence (MEF) appears to be most suitable to the fluorescence assays used in drug discovery and DNA analysis. The metal–fluorophore effects offer unique perspectives in fluorescence sensing, providing for improved background suppression, increased detection limits, and localized excitation near to silver nanostructures. This article describes the effects of different silver nanostructures on the emission intensity and photostability of fluorophores and the use of MEF in high‐throughput screening and drug discovery.
Universal Fiber for High Speed Data Centers (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text X. Chen, J. Hurley, J. Stone, B. Chow, D. Coleman, and M. Li, "Universal Fiber for High Speed Data Centers," in Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper M2J.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A compact and robust circularly-polarized wearable antenna using an anisotropic metasurface (2016)

In this paper, we present the design of a compact circularly-polarized antenna employing a truncated anisotropic metasurface. The antenna structure is comprised by a loop monopole at the top and a metallic sheet backed metasurface at the bottom, which are separated by a foam spacer. The metasurface contains an array of two by two loop resonators with edge-chamfering as well as a pair of slot cuttings on the inner periphery. The resulting antenna, operating at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, possesses a stable input impedance, axial ratio, and gain under structural deformation. Polydimethylsiloxane and silver nanowire clusters are assumed as the constitutive materials for constructing the antenna, which are extremely flexible. Hence, the proposed antenna represents an ideal candidate for integration into wearable devices which are part of a body-area network.
Early weaning stress impairs development of mucosal barrier function in the porcine intestine (2009)

Early life stress is a predisposing factor for the development of chronic intestinal disorders in adult life. Here, we show that stress associated with early weaning in pigs leads to impaired mucosal barrier function. Early weaning (15- to 21-day weaning age) resulted in sustained impairment in intestinal barrier function, as indicated by reductions in jejunal transepithelial electrical resistance and elevations in mucosal-to-serosal flux of paracellular probes [(3)H]mannitol and [(14)C]inulin measured at 5 and 9 wk of age, compared with that shown in late-weaned pigs (23- to 28-day weaning age). Elevated baseline short-circuit current was observed in jejunum from early-weaned pigs and was shown to be mediated via enhanced Cl(-) secretion. Jejunal barrier dysfunction in early-weaned pigs coincided with increased lamina propria immune cell density particularly mucosal mast cells. The mast cell stabilizer drug sodium cromoglycolate ameliorated barrier dysfunction and hypersecretion in early-weaned pigs, demonstrating an important role of mast cells. Furthermore, activation of mast cells ex vivo with c48/80 and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in pig jejunum mounted in Ussing chambers induced barrier dysfunction and elevations in short-circuit current that were inhibited with mast cell protease inhibitors. Experiments in which selective CRF receptor antagonists were administered to early-weaned pigs revealed that CRF receptor 1 (CRFr1) activation mediates barrier dysfunction and hypersecretion, whereas CRFr2 activation may be responsible for novel protective properties in the porcine intestine in response to early life stress.
Measurement of Spin-Relaxation Times by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence. (1996)

Optically pumped p-type GaAs is a most promising material for the probes of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopes (SP-STMs). A long spin relaxation time is an important factor in the application, and it was reported that the δ-doped GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructure has a longer spin relaxation time than that of bulk p-type GaAs.We studied the spin relaxation process in the structure by time-correlation single-photon counting (TCPC). It was confirmed that the relaxation time strongly depends on the dopant distribution.
Single-step synthesis of well-crystallized and pure barium titanate nanoparticles in supercritical fluids (2005)

Single-step synthesis of ultra-fine barium titanate powder with a crystallinity as high as 90% and without barium carbonate contamination has been successfully performed under supercritical conditions using a continuous-flow reactor in the temperature range 150–380 °C at 16 MPa. To synthesize this bimetallic oxide, alkoxides, ethanol and water were used. The influence of the synthesis parameters on the BaTiO3 powder characteristics was investigated. The results show that the water to alkoxide precursor ratio, the reactor temperature and the Ba:Ti molar ratio of alkoxide precursor play a major role in the crystallization of pure and well-crystallized BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The continuous mode of operation without post-treatments for powder washing, drying or crystallization increase the industrial interest.
One‐Step Patterning of Aligned Nanowire Arrays by Programmed Dip Coating (2007)

Eintauchen, haften, rutschen: Die Tauchbeschichtung, ein gängiger industrieller Prozess zur Herstellung dünner Filme, wurde verwendet, um Nanodrähte mithilfe der Haft-Rutsch-Bewegung des Lösungsmittelmeniskus auszurichten. Nanodrähte können so in vorgegebenem Abstand auf ein großes Substrat „gedruckt“ werden (siehe Bild), was entsprechende Funktionseinheiten einfach zugänglich macht.
Synthesis of Bis(8-aminoquinoline)-substituted Tetraazacrown Ethers by a Reductive Amination Process (1999)

Abstract : Four new tetraazacrown ethers containing two 8-aminoquinoline side arms were prepared first by reductive amination of 8-nitroquinolin-2-carboxaldehyde with the appropriate tetraazacrown ether containing two NH functions (see our Technical Report No. 4). The resulting bis(8-nitro-2-quinolinylmethyl)-substituted tetraazacrown ethers were reduced by iron and HCl to form the N,N'-bis(8-amino-2-quinolinylmethyl)-substituted tetraazacrown ether ligands.