gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine thymocytes proliferate in direct response to interleukin-7 (1989)

The ability of interleukin-7 (IL-7) to stimulate murine thymocyte proliferation was investigated. IL-7, either alone or in concert with lectin, induced proliferation of adult thymocytes as well as day 13 fetal and adult CD4-/CD8-thymocytes. The IL-7-induced proliferative response of unfractionated thymocytes could not be inhibited by antibodies to IL-2, or IL-4, IL-6, or the IL-2 receptor. In addition, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 were not produced by thymocytes activated with IL- 7, as judged by the absence of biologically active cytokine in IL-7- stimulated culture supernatants. IL-7 could act in concert with IL-2 and IL-4 or with IL-4 to enhance the proliferative response of thymocyte cultures. Thus, IL-7 may cause proliferation of thymocytes directly, not indirectly, through production of IL-2, IL-4, or IL-6. IL- 7 may then play a significant role in differentiation of T lymphocytes.
Discovery and Optimization of Novel SUCNR1 Inhibitors: Design of Zwitterionic Derivatives with a Salt Bridge for the Improvement of Oral Exposure (2020)

G-protein-coupled receptor SUCNR1 (succinate receptor 1 or GPR91) senses the citric cycle intermediate succinate and is implicated in various pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, liver fibrosis, or obesity. Here, we describe a novel SUCNR1 antagonist scaffold discovered by high-throughput screening. The poor permeation and absorption properties of the most potent compounds, which were zwitterionic in nature, could be improved by the formation of an internal salt bridge, which helped in shielding the two opposite charges and thus also the high polarity of zwitterions with separated charges. The designed compounds containing such a salt bridge reached high oral bioavailability and oral exposure. We believe that this principle could find a broad interest in the medicinal chemistry field as it can be useful not only for the modulation of properties in zwitterionic compounds but also in acidic or basic compounds with poor permeation.
Rapid Water Reduction to H2 Catalyzed by a Cobalt Bis(iminopyridine) Complex (2011)

A cobalt bis(iminopyridine) complex is a highly active electrocatalyst for water reduction, with an estimated apparent second order rate constant k(app) ≤ 10(7) M(-1)s(-1) over a range of buffer/salt concentrations. Scan rate dependence data are consistent with freely diffusing electroactive species over pH 4-9 at room temperature for each of two catalytic reduction events, one of which is believed to be ligand based. Faradaic H(2) yields up to 87 ± 10% measured in constant potential electrolyses (-1.4 V vs SCE) confirm high reactivity and high fidelity in a catalyst supported by the noninnocent bis(iminopyridine) ligand. A mechanism involving initial reduction of Co(2+) and subsequent protonation is proposed.
Analysis of a dual mode nanodipole loaded by a plasmonic core-shell particle (2013)

The dual mode operation of a nanodipole is demonstrated using a plasmonic core-shell particle load. Specifically, the fact that the latter exhibits an equivalent Lorentz type permittivity is utilized, in order to achieve either a capacitive or an inductive impedance response. Consequently, when such a particle is inserted within the gap defined by the nanodipole arms, the current conduction across the gap can be controlled depending on whether the core-shell particle exhibits either a capacitive or an inductive response. Both the half- and the one-wavelength modes are excited resulting in the dual mode operation of the nano-antenna.
Effect of tensile strain on the electronic structure of Ge: A first-principles calculation (2014)

Taking the change of L-point conduction band valley degeneracy under strain into consideration, we investigate the effect of biaxially tensile strain (parallel to the (001), (110), and (111) planes) and uniaxially tensile strain (along the [001], [110], and [111] directions) on the electronic structure of Ge using density functional theory calculations. Our calculation shows that biaxial tension parallel to (001) is the most efficient way to transform Ge into a direct bandgap material among all tensile strains considered. [111]-tension is the best choice among all uniaxial approaches for an indirect- to direct-bandgap transition of Ge. The calculation results, which are further elaborated by bond-orbital approximation, provide a useful guidance on the optical applications of Ge through strain engineering.
Evolutionary constraints in conserved nongenic sequences of mammals (2005)

Mammalian genomes contain many highly conserved nongenic sequences (CNGs) whose functional significance is poorly understood. Sets of CNGs have previously been identified by selecting the most conserved elements from a chromosome or genome, but in these highly selected samples, conservation may be unrelated to purifying selection. Furthermore, conservation of CNGs may be caused by mutation rate variation rather than selective constraints. To account for the effect of selective sampling, we have examined conservation of CNGs in taxa whose evolution is largely independent of the taxa from which the CNGs were initially identified, and we have controlled for mutation rate variation in the genome. We show that selective constraints in CNGs and their flanks are about one-half as strong in hominids as in murids, implying that hominids have accumulated many slightly deleterious mutations in functionally important nongenic regions. This is likely to be a consequence of the low effective population size of hominids leading to a reduced effectiveness of selection. We estimate that there are one and two times as many conserved nucleotides in CNGs as in known protein-coding genes of hominids and murids, respectively. Polymorphism frequencies in CNGs indicate that purifying selection operates in these sequences. During hominid evolution, we estimate that a total of about three deleterious mutations in CNGs and protein-coding genes have been selectively eliminated per diploid genome each generation, implying that deleterious mutations are eliminated from populations non-independently and that sex is necessary for long-term population persistence.
AI-Assisted Performance Analysis: Deep Learning for Live and Archival Theater (2023)

This project explores computational uses of pose analysis to investigate questions of directorial style and actorly interpretation in theatrical performances. The process involves developing methods to help performing arts scholars and professionals use pose-data models to capture movement from performances, as well as record, analyze, recreate and remix those movements.
Fault-Tolerant Control of Wind Turbines: A Benchmark Model (2013)

This paper presents a test benchmark model for the evaluation of fault detection and accommodation schemes. This benchmark model deals with the wind turbine on a system level, and it includes sensor, actuator, and system faults, namely faults in the pitch system, the drive train, the generator, and the converter system. Since it is a system-level model, converter and pitch system models are simplified because these are controlled by internal controllers working at higher frequencies than the system model. The model represents a three-bladed pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine with a nominal power of 4.8 MW. The fault detection and isolation (FDI) problem was addressed by several teams, and five of the solutions are compared in the second part of this paper. This comparison relies on additional test data in which the faults occur in different operating conditions than in the test data used for the FDI design.
Conjugated wrapping polymer influences on photoexcitation of single-walled carbon nanotube-based thin film transistors (2023)

The fabrication of high-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWNTs) often utilizes conjugated polymers to isolate the semiconducting from the metallic species.
56 Gbps GeSi Franz-Keldysh modulator for silicon photonic transceivers (2018)

We present experimental results of an EAM modulator for silicon photonic transceivers developed on an 800 nm GeSi platform. The device achieved dynamic ER of 5.2 dB at 56 Gb/s at 1566 nm and power consumption of 44 fJ/bit.
Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Targeting temporal metabolic needs of T follicular helper cells to treat cGVHD utilizing a mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor (2022)

Abstract The curative potential of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is limited by development of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and metabolic regulation of immune cells is a promising therapeutic target. During cGVHD, interactions between T follicular helper (TFH) and germinal center B (GCB) cells result in production of alloreactive class-switched antibodies that attack host tissues, causing multi-organ damage and tissue fibrosis. We show the metabolic dependencies of TFH change throughout cGVHD progression and targeting mitochondrial pyruvate transport is an effective strategy to mitigate disease. Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is transported by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) for use in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). TFH require glycolysis in order to induce a GC reaction, both in an immunization model and in an in vivo systemic cGVHD model with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Furthermore, Seahorse data from TFH extracted early in disease development in the BO model demonstrate increased dependency on glycolysis. But Seahorse data also indicates TFH undergo a shift away from glycolysis and toward OXPHOS as cGVHD continues. Based on the central role of MPC in tying pyruvate to multiple metabolic pathways, we examined an inhibitor of MPC (7ACC1) in reducing TFH activity. Administration of 7ACC1 resulted in inhibition of GCB production of class switched antibody in an in vitro assay. These findings were additionally supported in vivo, whereby daily treatment after establishment of cGVHD resulted in a decrease in disease severity. These data provide evidence that inhibiting mitochondrial pyruvate transport is a viable therapeutic strategy for cGVHD. This work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy, and Infectious Diseases R37 AI34495, T32 AI007313; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R01 HL56067, R01 HL11879, R01 HL115114; National Cancer Institute P01 CA065493
Dynamic optical response of SU-8 upon UV treatment (2018)

We report the optical properties of SU-8 in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region before and after UV treatment. Samples consisted of SU-8 films of thickness ranging from 10 um to 157 um deposited on gold coated silicon substrates and were prepared using spin coating. Mid-IR diffuse reflectance measurements were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectra measurements imply a change in optical properties of SU-8 upon exposure to UV and heat treatment. A gradual change in optical properties is seen after each step of UV treatment and the baking process. Reflectance spectra of thin-films were also observed to be thickness dependent. We calculate the dielectric function of SU-8 in the range 2 um to 15 um using the reflectance spectra of the samples.
An Efficient Multi-Link Channel Model for LiFi (2021)

In this paper, we report for the first time on a new channel modelling technique for multi-link LiFi scenarios. By considering simplified numerical calculation, it models the links between multiple optical frontends and multiple mobile devices much faster than previous approaches. For the first two diffuse reflections, we replace ray tracing method by frequency domain channel modelling technique. For the other higher order diffuse reflections, we use a well-established model based on the integrating sphere. For validation of our new approach, we performed distributed 4x2 MIMO channel measurements. Comparison of simulation and measurement yields a relative mean square error below 5 percent for the signals with a free line-of-sight. Our new technique enables efficient modeling of mobile scenarios and analyzing statistical properties of the LiFi channels.
Safety and Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma for Treatment of Lumbar Discogenic Pain: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study. (2022)

These findings are markedly different than the highly promising results of the 2016 PRP study. This study posits necessary caution for researchers who wish to administer PRP for therapeutic benefit and may ultimately point to necessary redirection of interventional research for discogenic pain populations.
Simulation of injection‐compression molding for optical media (2003)

Abstract A numerical simulation of a coining type of injection‐compression molding is developed. A hybrid finite element/finite difference method is employed to model the temperature and pressure fields of the process using a non‐isothermal compressible flow model. Simulation results for CD‐R molding with respect to injection pressure and mold displacement are compared with experimental observations using an optical grade of polycarbonate. The simulation shows similar trends as experimental observations on the dependence of various processing parameters such as melt temperature, mold temperature, and packing pressure. However, the mold displacement measurement does not show the effect of punch delay time as does the simulation, and needs further investigation.
Evidence for functional significance of the permuted C motif in Co2+-stimulated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of infectious bursal disease virus (2007)

Segment B of bisegmented infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) encodes virus protein 1 (VP1), possessing RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. This multidomain protein includes an RdRp domain with a non-canonical order of three sequence motifs forming the active site: C-A-B. The A-B-C order of the motifs, as found in RdRps of the majority of viruses, was converted by relocation (permutation) of motif C to a C-A-B order. Due to the unusual location and unproven significance, the motif was named 'C?'. This motif includes an Ala-Asp-Asn tripeptide that replaces the C motif Gly-Asp-Asp sequence, widely considered a hallmark of RdRps. In this study, functional significance of the C? motif was investigated by using purified His-tagged VP1 mutants with either a double replacement (ADN to GDD) or two single-site mutants (ADD or GDN). All mutants showed a significant reduction of RdRp activity in vitro, in comparison to that of VP1. Only the least-affected GDN mutant gave rise to viable, albeit partially impaired, progeny using a reverse-genetics system. Experiments performed to investigate whether the C motif was implicated in the control of metal dependence revealed that, compared with Mn2+ and Mg2+, Co2+ stimulated RdRp unconventionally. No activity was observed in the presence of several divalent cations. Of two Co2+ salts with Cl- and SO4(2-) anions, the former was a stronger stimulant for RdRp. When cell-culture medium was supplemented with 50 microM Co2+, an increase in IBDV progeny yield was observed. The obtained results provide evidence that the unusual Co2+ dependence of the IBDV RdRp might be linked to the permuted organization of the motif.
Influence of block copolymer composition in grapho-epitaxy directed self-assembly for contact hole multiplication (2016)

status: Published
Carotid endarterectomy. (1993)

The Council on Scientific Affairs of the California Medical Association presents the following inventory of items of progress in neurosurgery. Each item, in the judgement of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established, both as to scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome, and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, researchers, and scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in neurosurgery that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative acceptance, whether in their own field of special interest or another. The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Neurosurgery of the California Medical Association, and the summaries were prepared under its direction.
Reticle’s contribution to critical dimension control and overlay in extreme-ultraviolet lithography (2000)

In order to design an exposure tool for extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography that adheres to technology roadmap requirements, we translated overall system performance requirements to system design specifications by setting up detailed error budgets for critical dimension (CD) control and overlay. In this article we concentrate on the EUV reticle contributions, including surface flatness, hydrocarbon contamination, multilayer d-spacing variations, and mounting in the writer and exposure tool. It is determined that in order to meet the CD-control budget, the reticle multilayer d-spacing variation must be limited to 0.25%, whereas the thickness variation of the hydrocarbon growth should be less than 1.5 nm. The overlay budget requires that the reticle flatness within the site area must be better than ±25 nm, both on the patterned side and on the back side. Also, the chuck of the exposure tool must be flat within ±25 nm. To avoid in-plane pattern distortion, the flatness of the chuck in the e-beam writer must be identical to that of the chuck in the exposure tool, and hence also must be flat within ±25 nm.
Multiple-Access Channel Resolvability with Cribbing (2018)

We study channel resolvability for the discrete memoryless multiple access channel with cribbing, i.e., the characterization of the amount of randomness required to approximate an i.i.d. output distribution in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence. We analyze the cases in which one encoder cribs (i) the input of the other encoder; or the output of the other encoder (ii) noncausally, (iii) causally, or (iv) strictly-causally. For cases (i)-(iii), we exactly characterize the channel resolvability region. For case (iv), we provide inner and outer bounds for the channel resolvability region; our achievability result handles the strict causality constraint with a block-Markov coding scheme in which dependencies across blocks are suitably hidden.
Unchanged Protein Binding and the Increase of Serum Diazepam Levels after Food Intake (1977)

Seven subjects received diazepam 0.3 mg/kg intravenously twice with a 2-week interval between the doses. The subjects ingested a fatty or carbohydrate meal in a cross-over fashion 4 hours after the injection on both experimental days. Venous blood samples were drawn 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after the injection of diazepam for measurement of the serum levels of total and free (unbound) diazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam, and free fatty acids. Serum levels of diazepam decreased progressively with time until the food intake, after which a significant (P less than 0.01) postprandial increase (average 23%) occurred with both diets as compared to the preprandial levels at 4 hours (average 240 ng/ml). Serum levels of free fatty acids decreased significantly both after a fatty (P less than 0.01) and a carbohydrate (P less than 0.05) meal. Diazepam was extensively (96 to 98%) bound to proteins and no changes in its protein binding was found. It is concluded that the late impairment of psychomotor skills that occurs with an increase in the diazepam serum level after its intravenous administration is due rather to its re-mobilization from a storage site than to variations in its protein binding.
Back-illuminated photodiodes for multislice CT: an estimation of temporal and spatial properties by carrier diffusion modeling (2004)

A back illuminated photodiode (BIP) has been developed for multislice CT which enables a CT scanner to be made with a large number of slices. Light absorbed on one surface of the photodiode generates charge carriers which diffuse through the silicon bulk to charge collection anodes on the opposite side. It is this minority carrier diffusion through the bulk which governs the spatial and temporal properties of the photodiode. The diffusion of carriers in the silicon is described by a partial differential equation (PDE) which can be solved numerically for a given geometry. Modeling carrier diffusion allows one to determine the risetime and response profiles for a given photodiode design without the expense of fabricating an actual device. The PDE for carrier diffusion has been solved for different BIP geometries using the Matlab PDE toolbox. This software uses the finite element method in two dimensions. Risetime and response profiles have been simulated for the same geometries as BIP devices that have been fabricated. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measurements done on actual devices. New geometries are also simulated to show how the BIP can be optimized.
Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction of Unprotected Sugars in Water or in the Absence of Any Solvent: One‐Step Access to C‐Glycoside Amphiphiles (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of C ‐glycosides in water or in the absence of any solvent from free sugars and β‐keto phosphonates is reported. The methodology permits a one‐step access to C ‐glycoside amphiphiles in moderate‐to‐good yields. The selectivity (α/β and furanoside/pyranoside) is discussed and a process that leads to pure β‐ C ‐pyranosides is also described.
DNA optical nanofibers: preparation and characterization (2012)

We demonstrate the preparation and characterization of DNA optical nanofibers. The prepared DNA optical nanofibers with strong strength and high flexibility are tested. Coupled with silica fiber tapers, their optical characteristics including light transmission performance, group delay and chromatic dispersion are experimentally investigated. The visible and near infrared light waveguiding properties of the DNA optical nanofibers with and without R6G doping are also studied. It is expected that the DNA optical nanofibers may be potential for building the miniaturized biomedical photonic devices.