gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of tractor ground speed measurement techniques (1985)

ABSTRACT PERFORMANCES of fifth wheel, front wheel, and single-beam radar vehicle ground speed sensors were evaluated on an agricultural tractor at operating speeds of 4, 7 and 10 km/h. Surface conditions included a smooth, non-deformable surface, soils subjected to various levels of tillage, and a range of vegetative covers. Based upon calibration values obtained for each sensor during tractor operation over the smooth, non-deformable surface, radar generally produced more accurate indications of true ground speeds than sensors with ground-contacting wheels. Coefficients of variation in indicated ground speed over time were also generally less for the radar unit than for either fifth wheel or front wheel units. The magnitude of the slip between the ground-contacting wheels and the tractive surface varied inversely with surface firmness. Thus, speed sensors having ground-contacting wheels should be calibrated for the specific surface conditions over which vehicle velocity measurement is to be obtained.
54.The IMAGE Mission (NASA): design, test and results from the Far UV Spectrographic Imaging. (2000)

peer reviewed
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the Third Generation 17-Cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4′-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan (NAP) Derivatives as μ/κ Opioid Receptor Dual Selective Ligands (2019)

μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonists have been widely applied for treating moderate to severe pain. However, numerous adverse effects have been associated with their application, including opioid-induced constipation (OIC), respiratory depression, and addiction. On the basis of previous work in our laboratory, NAP, a 6β- N-4'-pyridyl substituted naltrexamine derivative, was identified as a peripheral MOR antagonist that may be used to treat OIC. To further explore its structure-activity relationship, a new series of NAP derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Among these derivatives, NFP and NYP significantly antagonized the antinociception effect of morphine. Whereas NAP acted mainly peripherally, its derivatives NFP and NYP actually can act centrally. Furthermore, NFP produced significantly lesser withdrawal symptoms than naloxone at similar doses. These results suggest that NFP has the potential to be a lead compound to treat opioid abuse and addiction.
Screening Robotics and Automation (2015)

This configurable, real-time offering supports most AB SCIEX mass spectrometers and Eksigent Micro and Nano LC products. With three user levels—lab manager, lab director, and technician—StatusScope allows users to view instrument performance and workflow status remotely. The graphical display is designed to enable users to quickly see critical data.
Cellulose for the Production of Air-Filtering Systems: A Critical Review (2022)

The control of airborne contaminants is of great interest in improving air quality, which has deteriorated more and more in recent years due to strong industrial growth. In the last decades, cellulose has been largely proposed as suitable feedstock to build up eco-friendly materials for a wide range of applications. Herein, the issue regarding the use of cellulose to develop air-filtering systems is addressed. The review covers different cellulose-based solutions, ranging from aerogels and foams to membranes and films, and to composites, considering either particulate filtration (PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>0.3</sub>) or gas and water permeation. The proposed solutions were evaluated on the bases of their quality factor (QF), whose high value (at least of 0.01 Pa<sup>-1</sup> referred to commercial HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters) guarantees the best compromise between high filtration efficiency (>99%) and low pressure drop (<1 kPa/g). To face this aspect, we first analyzed the different morphological aspects which can improve the final filtration performance, outlining the importance on using nanofibers not only to increase surface area and to modulate porosity in final solutions, but also as reinforcement of filters made of different materials. Besides the description of technological approaches to improve the mechanical filtration, selected examples show the importance of the chemical interaction, promoted by the introduction of active functional groups on cellulose (nano)fibers backbone, to improve filtration efficiency without reducing filter porosity.
The morcellation controversy: What’s next? (2014)

Institutions around the country have responded to an FDA advisory by discouraging or banning power morcellation of uterine fibroids. Innovative methods of contained morcellation are now called for.
Development of Beryllium Single Crystal Material for Monochromator Applications (1994)

Beryllium offers a unique combination of properties for the development of extraordinary scattering behavior. Therefore, many different potential applications call for an advanced material based on Beryllium. This paper summarizes something of today's knowledge about crystal growth behavior and the role of defect structures for the control of different scattering properties in this metal. While we are still at the beginning of true “defect structure design”, which demands further theoretical and experimental investigation, Beryllium—also in the single crystal state—offers unique potential, if it can be developed for the achievement of custom tailored properties by proper control of the defect structure.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Three‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: An Introduction to the QSAR Problem Three-Dimensional QSAR: An Overview CoMFA Application Notes Basic Qualities of a Good QSAR Model Final Remarks Appendix
How droplets nucleate and grow on liquids and liquid impregnated surfaces (2014)

Condensation on liquids has been studied extensively in context of breath figure templating, materials synthesis and enhancing heat transfer using liquid impregnated surfaces. However, the mechanics of nucleation and growth on liquids remains unclear, especially on liquids that spread on the condensate. By examining the energy barriers of nucleation, we provide a framework to choose liquids that can lead to enhanced nucleation. We show that due to limits of vapor sorption within a liquid, nucleation is most favoured at the liquid-air interface and demonstrate that on spreading liquids, droplet submergence within the liquid occurs thereafter. We provide a direct visualization of the thin liquid profile that cloaks the condensed droplet on a liquid impregnated surface and elucidate the vapour transport mechanism in the liquid films. Finally, we show that although the viscosity of the liquid does not affect droplet nucleation, it plays a crucial role in droplet growth.
Design and Analysis of a Resistive Sensor Interface With Phase Noise-Energy-Resolution Scalability for a Time-Based Resistance-to-Digital Converter (2022)

This article presents the design and analysis of a resistive sensor interface with three different designs of phase noise-energy-resolution scalability in time-based resistance-to-digital converters (RDCs), including test chip implementations and measurements, targeted toward either minimizing the energy/conversion step or maximizing bit-resolution. The implemented RDCs consist of a three-stage differential ring oscillator, which is current starved using the resistive sensor, a differential-to-single-ended amplifier, and digital modules and serial interface. The first RDC design (baseline) included the basic structure of time-based RDC and targeted low-energy/conversion step. The second RDC design (goal: higher-resolution) aimed to improve the rms jitter/phase noise of the oscillator with help of speed-up latches, to achieve high bit-resolution as compared to the first RDC design. The third RDC design (goal: process portability) reduced the power consumption by scaling the technology with the improved phase-noise design, achieving 1-bit better resolution as that of the second RDC design. Using time-based implementation, the RDCs exhibit energy-resolution scalability and consume a measured power of 861 nW with 18-bit resolution in design 1 in TSMC 0.35 μ m technology (with 10 ms read-time, with one readout every second). Measurements of designs 2 and 3 demonstrate power consumption of 19.2 μ W with 20-bit resolution using TSMC 0.35 μ m and 17.6 μ W with 20-bit resolution using TSMC 0.18 μ m, respectively (both with 10 ms read-time, repeated every second). With 30 ms read-time, design 3 achieves 21-bit resolution, which is the highest resolution reported for a time-based ADC. The 0.35- μ m time-based RDC is the lowest-power time-based ADC reported, while the 0.18- μ m time-based RDC with speed-up latch offers the highest resolution. The active chip-area for all three designs is less than 1.1 mm 2 .
Epigenetic reprogramming promotes the antiviral action of IFNα in HBV-infected cells (2021)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remain a health burden affecting ~250 million people worldwide. Thus far, available interferon-alpha (IFNα)-based therapies have shown unsatisfactory cure rates, and alternative therapeutic molecules are still required. However, their development has been hampered because accessible cell models supporting relevant HBV replication and appropriate antiviral activity are lacking. Strategies that reverse epigenetic alterations offer a unique opportunity for cell reprogramming, which is valuable for restoring altered cellular functions in human cell lines. This work aimed to investigate the feasibility of converting HepG2 cells that stably overexpress the HBV entry receptor (sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, NTCP) toward IFNα-responsive cells using epigenetic reprogramming. Herein, we showed that an epigenetic regimen with non-cytotoxic doses of the demethylating compound 5-azacytidine restored the anti-HBV action of IFNα in epigenetically reprogrammed HepG2-NTCP-C4 cells, named REP-HepG2-NTCP cells. Thus, a significant inhibition in HBV DNA levels was measured in REP-HepG2-NTCP cells after IFNα treatment. This inhibitory effect was associated with the enhancement of IFNα-mediated induction of critical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which was limited in non-reprogrammed cells. In particular, our data indicated that re-expression of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) and interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) was the result of an epigenetically driven unmasking of these genes in reprogrammed cells. At last, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the IFN analog CDM-3008 in REP-HepG2-NTCP cells and demonstrated the efficiency of this chemical compound in triggering ISG induction and HBV inhibition. In summary, this study shows that epigenetic reprogramming promotes the IFNα response in HBV-infected cells and is potentially attractive for cell-based experimental screening of IFN-like compounds.
Genetic vulnerabilities to prenatal alcohol exposure: Limb defects in sonic hedgehog and GLI2 heterozygous mice (2017)

These results extend previous findings demonstrating enhanced sensitivity to PAE-induced craniofacial dysmorphology and support the hypothesis that genetic alterations in the Shh signaling pathway influences the vulnerability to alcohol-induced birth defects. Moreover, these results emphasize the importance of understanding the interactions between genes and prenatal exposure to alcohol or other teratogens. Birth Defects Research 109:860-865, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular nanostructures in liquid diols (2012)

A previously developed method for calculating the concentrations of molecular nanostructures in liquid and adsorbed fluids was applied to determine how the concentrations of associates in the following liquid diols depend on temperature: 1,2-ethanediol; 1,2-propanediol; 1,3-propanediol; and 2,5-hexanediol. This method is based on the molecular-dynamics simulation combined with the graph theory.
Specific and Nonspecific Immunoregulatory Events in the Clonal Response of Human Lymphocytes in Vitro (1980)

Stimulation of sensitive leucocyte populations with near optimal concentrations of soluble microbial antigens results in vigorous lymphocyte proliferation when 3H-thymidine incorporation is measured after 4-8 days. Lymphoblasts in these cultures revert to small lymphocytes after 10-14 days, at which time they are often refractory to any stimulant including the original incubating antigen. When these primed lymphocytes are irradiated with 500-1000 R to block their proliferation and added to fresh leucocyte culture from the same individual (autologous), they usually, but not invariably, reduce the proliferation of the unirradiated fresh leucocyte cultures. Exposure to 6000 R reduced the suppressor activity. Reduction was specific for the microbial antigen with which they were originally generated, but, more often, a combination of both specific and nonspecific suppression was observed. These data provide good evidence, with reciprocal specificity, for the generation of antigen specific suppression in vitro.
Measurements of the effect of haemolysis on speed of sound and attenuation through suspensions of red blood cells at 15 MHz (2005)

When blood flows through an artificial environment for prolonged periods of time, the red blood cells are gradually destroyed due to the high shear stresses to which they are exposed. The ability to measure the degree of haemolysis accurately and in real time is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of organ preservation and of the implantation of heart-assist devices as a long-term method for treating heart failure. A recent study indicated that the backscattering coefficient (BSC) of red cell suspensions containing damaged red blood cells is significantly higher than the BSC of suspensions containing exclusively healthy cells. Using a specially designed acoustic chamber, suspensions containing different proportions of healthy and damaged cells were exposed to 15-MHz ultrasound. A thin tungsten wire immersed in each suspension was used to quantify the speed of sound and attenuation through increasingly haemolysed suspensions. It is intended to utilize a combination of measurements of speed of sound, attenuation and backscattering in order to solve the inverse problem and to develop an on-line, non-invasive device for quantifying the degree of haemolysis in artificial circuits.
WE‐C‐BRA‐03: TCP Model Parameters — Extracting These From Clinical Data on ‘Movable’ Patients (2007)

The Tumor Control Probability function (TCP, Webb &amp; Nahum) models radiation induced cell kill and uses Poisson statistics to estimate the probability of local control. Its parameters may be derived by correlating archived plan data and treatment outcome results of clinical trials. We will exploit the data of a large randomized prostate trial (68Gy against 78Gy, 600+ patients) of patients treated between the years 1999 and 2003. For these patients the planning CT scan and organ delineations, and the 3D dose distribution as generated by the treatment planning system are electronically available. However, we have no patient specific information on the location of tumor tissue inside the prostate (as could nowadays be imaged using MRI). Furthermore, the dose absorbed by the clonogen cells will have been influenced by errors in daily set‐up and by organ motion. Although portal images were acquired for an off‐line bony set‐up protocol, no in‐room soft tissue imaging was available to monitor organ motion. An additional uncertainty is introduced by the fact that the primary method of clinical follow‐up is based on blood PSA levels, which means a detected failure may not be local. To describe the interplay between the location of clonogen cells and the varying day‐to‐day position of the prostate, we use Monte Carlo treatment plan evaluation software that was developed in‐house. This software samples population distributions of random and systematic errors to simulate many possible treatment histories. Maximum likelihood methods are then applied to determine the most probable TCP model parameters α and σ α . Inspired by surveys of pathological specimens, the assumed density distribution of clonogen cells inside the prostate is modulated, and a body of clonogens located posteriorly outside the CTV is introduced to model extra capsular extension. The effects of such modulations on the TCP parameters and on the likelihood of the fit is studied. In future trials, additional imaging will increase the amount of patient specific data on geometric variations and cell distributions, leading to a more accurate TCP model. The TCP parameters thus acquired may be used for treatment planning purposes. If MRI imaging is available to gain knowledge about the location of tumor tissue inside the gland, treatment planning may be performed by optimizing the TCP function using a heterogeneous clonogen cell distribution. By using probability based optimization techniques (in which the effect of geometric errors on the tumor cell kill is modeled in the same way as in the TCP fitting procedure above), no PTVs need to be defined, and the optimization procedure can directly aim for the largest expected TCP (for a given expected rectum NTCP). Educational Objectives: 1. Identify sources of uncertainty when basing a TCP model on clinical data. 2. Understand a method to determine TCP parameters in the face of such uncertainties. 3. Understand how these parameters may be used for treatment planning.
Source Models and Entropy (2009)

Any information-generating process can be viewed as a source that emits a sequence of symbols chosen from a finite alphabet. For example, this text has been generated by a source with an alphabet that contains all the ASCII symbols. Similarly, a computer performs its computations on binary data, and such data may be considered as a sequence of symbols generated by a source with a binary alphabet composed of 0 and 1. In the case of images, one may think of an n-bit image as being generated by a source with an alphabet of 2 n symbols representing the possible code values. The ordering of the sequence produced by an image source might correspond to adjacent pixel values based on a 1-D raster scan, or it might correspond to values taken from a 2-D block of pixels. It is advantageous to develop models for image sources in order to measure the âinformationâ conveyed by these sequences of symbols. In the following chapters, we examine several source models and related information theory concepts that are useful in image compression.
Biomimetic Processing of Ceramic Composites (2001)

Abstract : Three task areas composed the research effort: (1) optimized depth of photocuring in a resin system, (2) improved resin/ceramic particle compatibilities consistent for use in stereolithography, and (3) developing the technique of ceramic stereolithography (CSL) for the fabrication of a ceramic matrix composite test structure. The depth of photocuring in a model resin system was investigated as a function of photoinitiator concentration. Polymer solutions were photocured using varying levels of energy and photoinitiator concentration. An optimal photoinitiator concentration maximizing the cure depth was observed. Two regimes were shown to exist in which shrinkage was minimized or maximized. A quantitative model was developed to describe the system's behavior. Good agreement with experiment was obtained and the model predicted both the existence and location of the optimal photoinitiator concentration and corresponding cure depth. After optimizing the resin/particle system, complex shaped structures were fabricated from ceramic powder compacts constructed using CSL. The main processing parameters in CSL such as layer thickness, resolution, hatch spacing, and overcure were found to depend on the light propagation in a concentrated dispersion, and a model was developed and used to optimize the fabrication of the ceramic structures.
Cell Division Regulation by BIR1, a Member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Family in Yeast (2000)

The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family comprises molecules that block the activity of pro-apoptotic caspase proteases. Paradoxically, yeasts contain IAP proteins but no caspases and no apoptotic program. To determine the function of these proteins<i>in vivo</i>, we disrupted the <i>BIR1</i> gene, encoding the only known IAP in yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Sporulation of heterozygous diploids yielded no viable mutant haploids, indicating that <i>BIR1</i> is an essential gene. By flow cytometry, some heterozygous mutants were polyploid accumulating >4n DNA content. These cells exhibited a 20–40% reduction in growth rate, which was rescued by plasmid-borne over-expression of<i>BIR1</i> but not by its human counterpart, survivin. Deletion analysis revealed that the N-terminal domain of Bir1, containing the conserved baculovirus IAP repeat, was able to partially complement the cell growth defect caused by <i>BIR1</i> deletion. Moreover, the full-length and truncated forms of Bir1 accelerated cell division in wild-type cells. Finally, <i>BIR1</i> heterozygous mutants exhibited grossly altered cell morphology with mis-shapen or abnormally long buds connected to an unusually large mother cell. These findings identify a novel function of IAP proteins in the pleiotropic control of cell division, in addition to their role in the suppression of apoptosis.
Resonant tunneling quantum well integrated optical waveguide modulator/switch (1994)

In this Phase I program, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) has investigated resonant tunneling double barrier quantum wells (RTDBQW) for application to all-optical communication networks. The RTDBQW) can be used as a building block in superfast SONET/ATM network. The proposed concept relies on the integration of an optical guided wave modulator with the RTDBQW. Several waveguide modulator architectures have been investigated, including Mach-Zehnder directional couplers. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer has been selected for the final implementation and will provide high performance. The major advantage of the proposed integrated optical waveguide modulators/switch is that it uses low voltage due to the use of the high efficiency RTDBQW diode. This, in turn, increase the theoretical speed limit of the device to the femtosecond regime. One important feature of the RTDBQW device is that its response time is limited by quantum tunneling time, not by the conventional diode transit time, which leads to high speed operation.