gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regime change: sampling rate vs. bit-depth in compressive sensing (2011)

The compressive sensing (CS) framework aims to ease the burden on analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) by exploiting inherent structure in natural and man-made signals. It has been demonstrated that structured signals can be acquired with just a small number of linear measurements, on the order of the signal complexity. In practice, this enables lower sampling rates that can be more easily achieved by current hardware designs. The primary bottleneck that limits ADC sampling rates is quantization, i.e., higher bit-depths impose lower sampling rates. Thus, the decreased sampling rates of CS ADCs accommodate the otherwise limiting quantizer of conventional ADCs. 
In this thesis, we consider a different approach to CS ADC by shifting towards lower quantizer bit-depths rather than lower sampling rates. We explore the extreme case where each measurement is quantized to just one bit, representing its sign. We develop a new theoretical framework to analyze this extreme case and develop new algorithms for signal reconstruction from such coarsely quantized measurements. The 1-bit CS framework leads us to scenarios where it may be more appropriate to reduce bit-depth instead of sampling rate. We find that there exist two distinct regimes of operation that correspond to high/low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In the measurement compression (MC) regime, a high SNR favors acquiring fewer measurements with more bits per measurement (as in conventional CS); in the quantization compression (QC) regime, a low SNR favors acquiring more measurements with fewer bits per measurement (as in this thesis). A surprise from our analysis and experiments is that in many practical applications it is better to operate in the QC regime, even acquiring as few as 1 bit per measurement. 
The above philosophy extends further to practical CS ADC system designs. We propose two new CS architectures, one of which takes advantage of the fact that the sampling and quantization operations are performed by two different hardware components. The former can be employed at high rates with minimal costs while the latter cannot. Thus, we develop a system that discretizes in time, performs CS preconditioning techniques, and then quantizes at a low rate.
Biological patterns with cellular neural networks (1996)

Keywords: neurone ; Non-Linear Modelling ; Neural Network Reference LANOS-CONF-1996-013 Record created on 2004-12-03, modified on 2017-05-12
Microfocus x-ray imaging of traceable pointlike 22Na sources for quality control (2012)

This quality control procedure is crucial and offers an important basis for using the pointlike (22)Na source as a basic calibration tool. The microfocus x-ray imaging approach is a promising technique for visual and quantitative evaluation of the internal geometry of small radioactive sources.
A comparative study of shear wave speed estimation techniques in optical coherence elastography applications (2016)

Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) is a widely investigated noninvasive technique for estimating the mechanical properties of tissue. In particular, vibrational OCE methods aim to estimate the shear wave velocity generated by an external stimulus in order to calculate the elastic modulus of tissue. In this study, we compare the performance of five acquisition and processing techniques for estimating the shear wave speed in simulations and experiments using tissue-mimicking phantoms. Accuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio, and resolution are measured for all cases. The first two techniques make the use of one piezoelectric actuator for generating a continuous shear wave propagation (SWP) and a tone-burst propagation (TBP) of 400 Hz over the gelatin phantom. The other techniques make use of one additional actuator located on the opposite side of the region of interest in order to create an interference pattern. When both actuators have the same frequency, a standing wave (SW) pattern is generated. Otherwise, when there is a frequency difference <i>df </i>between both actuators, a crawling wave (CrW) pattern is generated and propagates with less speed than a shear wave, which makes it suitable for being detected by the 2D cross-sectional OCE imaging. If <i>df </i>is not small compared to the operational frequency, the CrW travels faster and a sampled version of it (SCrW) is acquired by the system. Preliminary results suggest that TBP (error &lt; 4.1%) and SWP (error &lt; 6%) techniques are more accurate when compared to mechanical measurement test results.
Unusual Cationic Trinuclear Nickel Clusters Incorporating Oxazolines orN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylene-1,2-diamine: Applications in Olefin Polymerization (2011)

The synthesis and characterization of two rare examples of the nickel(II)-containing trinuclear clusters of the general formula μ(3)-halido-μ(3)-hydroxotris(μ-halido)tris(L) trinickel(II) halide [halide = Cl (2), Br (3); L = 4,4-dimethyl-2-(o-anilinyl)-2-oxazoline] are described. These materials are compared and contrasted to the "parent" chloride salt (1) of this series (L = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene-1,2-diamine and halide = Cl) and its congeners; 2 and 3 represent the first oxazoline-containing clusters of this structural class. Both 1 and 2 are shown to be active catalysts for the polymerization of olefins (styrene, methyl methacrylate, etc.) using a stoichiometric equivalent of methylaluminoxane as the copromoter, a situation that gives good yields of syndiotactic rich polymers. Density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*/LANL2DZ) is employed to hypothesize the likely origin of the activity demonstrated by these compounds.
Toward the development of a general chiral auxiliary. 1. Preparation of a new class of camphor lactam imides and their application to the construction of quaternary centers via Diels-Alder cycloaddition. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToward the development of a general chiral auxiliary. 1. Preparation of a new class of camphor lactam imides and their application to the construction of quaternary centers via Diels-Alder cycloaddition.Robert K. Boeckman Jr., Scott G. Nelson, and Michael D. GaulCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2258–2260Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00032a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views694Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tensile retraction measurements. V. The effect of carbon black on the cross‐link density of cured rubber (1993)

Abstract Tensile retraction measurements have been made on the same SBR filled with 50 phr of 10 different carbon blacks. The slopes and intercepts determined from the plots against λ max were determined in three different elongation ranges. These carbon blacks were chosen to have a variety of different surface areas and structures such that the influence of these features on the slopes and intercepts could be measured. The tensile retraction parameters determined were also evaluated at elevated temperatures and Arrhenius plots were made. The activation energies calculated from these plots showed that the structure and surface area of the carbon blacks had no effect on the process being measured. A series of different molecular weight SBR s were also made by anionic techniques to have 0, 1, and 2 tributyltin end groups. The changes in the constants determined from tensile retraction measurement on these cured filled stocks were explained in terms of the number of loose end groups still present after reaction with the carbon black. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Endosonografie des Colons als Frühmarker des therapeutischen Ansprechens bei Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa - erste Studienergebnisse (2013)

Einleitung: Die Beurteilung der entzündlichen Aktivität einer Colitis ulcerosa (UC) ist bislang auf die Mukosaoberfläche beschränkt und somit stark untersucherabhängig. Durch eine Endosonografie (EUS) wird exakte Quantifizierung der Wanddicke möglich. Dabei ist die Wanddicke direkt mit dem Grad der entzündlichen Aktivität korreliert. Ziel dieser prospektiv, verblindeten Studie war es, mittels EUS die entzündliche Aktivität im Therapieverlauf mit TNF-alpha-Antikörpern exakt zu quantifizieren und einen Frühmarker für ein therapeutisches Ansprechen zu identifizieren.
Regulation of C-Reactive Protein, Haptoglobin, and Hemopexin Gene Expression (2020)

C-Reactive Protein is present in the blood of normal individuals in trace amounts, but its concentration rises to more than 300 mg/l soon after the onset of inflammation, and then returns to a low basal level after the inflammatory stimulus is removed. The study of acute phase response has attracted substantial interest not only for its medical implications, but also because it provides an excellent system with which to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of gene expression. Hemopexin is a heme-binding plasma glycoprotein composed of a single 439-amino acid-long polypeptide chain. The proteins were then transferred onto nitrocellulose and probed with a 1:100 dilution of anti-tag antibody. Antigenantibody complexes were then detected by use of alkaline phosphatase-coupled goat antimice antibodies. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on cells grown on coverslips and transfected with 2.5 μg of recombinant plasmid.
A Novel Self-Reference Technique for STT-RAM Read and Write Reliability Enhancement (2014)

Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) has demonstrated great potential in embedded and stand-alone applications. However, process variations and thermal fluctuations greatly influence the operation reliability of STT-RAM and limit its scalability. In this paper, we propose a new field-assisted access scheme to improve the read/write reliability and performance of STT-RAM. During read operations, an external magnetic field is applied to a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) device, generating a resistive sense signal without referring to other devices. Such a self-reference scheme offers a very promising alternative approach to overcome the severe cell-to-cell variations at highly scaled technology node. Furthermore, the external magnetic field can be used to assist the MTJ switching during write operations without introducing extra hardware overhead.
Abstract A085: Durable responses observed in recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG) with Toca 511 and Toca FC treatment (2018)

Abstract Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec) is an investigational, conditionally lytic, retroviral replicating vector. The vector infects human cells with selectivity for cancer cells because genome integration is dependent on cell division and viral replication is inhibited by innate and adaptive immune responses, defective in malignant tissues. Toca 511 spreads through tumors and stably delivers the gene encoding an optimized yeast cytosine deaminase that converts the prodrug Toca FC (an investigational, extended-release formulation of 5-fluorocytosine) into 5-fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil kills infected cancer cells and surrounding cancer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages, thus enabling immune activity against the tumor. In this phase 1 trial (NCT01470794), ascending doses of Toca 511 were injected into the resection bed of patients with rHGG, followed by multiple courses of oral Toca FC. Additional cohorts included combination of the investigational therapy with bevacizumab or lomustine. Objective responses (ORs) are observed in patients with IDH1 wildtype and mutant tumors, including 3 complete responses (CRs) and 2 partial responses with the investigational therapy, and 1 CR with the investigational therapy and bevacizumab. The IDH1-mutant patients treated at 1st recurrence all had CRs, and the fact that a CR in rHGG is rare suggests that the investigational treatment may be playing a role. ORs are observed 6-19 months after Toca 511 injection, consistent with an immunologic mechanism. Median time to initial response is 9.2 months; median duration of response (mDoR) is 25.2 months. Excluding combination cohorts, mDoR is 26.7 months. All responders are alive 21.2+ to 42.6+ months, suggesting a correlation of durable responses (ORs lasting &amp;gt; 24 weeks) with overall survival. In a 24-patient subgroup who received the recommended phase 2 Toca 511 dose, a durable response rate of 20.8% was observed. Across the phase 1 program, the safety profile remains favorable. Updated clinical benefit, safety, immune activity, and molecular profiles will be reported. Citation Format: Timothy F. Cloughesy, Joseph Landolfi, Michael Vogelbaum, Derek Ostertag, Bradley Elder, Bob Carter, Clark C. Chen, Steven Kalkanis, Santosh Kesari, Albert Lai, Ian Lee, Linda Liau, Tom Mikkelsen, Leia Nghiemphu, David Piccioni, William Accomando, Oscar Diago, Daniel Hogan, Douglas J. Jolly, Katie Wood, Harry Gruber, Asha Das, Tobias Walbert. Durable responses observed in recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG) with Toca 511 and Toca FC treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A085.
Plasma heating via clampling and controlled thermal runaway (1976)

Analysis of heating by compression clamping of superthermal ions and also by controlled thermal runaway is described. Application of clamping to the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is considered in some detail. With the injectors presently envisioned for TFTR, sequential injection and clamping give an energy multiplication (Q-value) of order of approximately 0.7. A Q-value over unity is possible, however, if the half-energy component of the injected beam is removed without reduction in input power, and if simultaneous injection and clamping are possible. Ignition of D--T plasma via clamping followed by a controlled thermal runaway is proposed to ignite a catalyzed-D Tokamak. The plasma composition is gradually changed during the thermal excursion such that the proper D--T--/sup 3/He is ultimately achieved. Of the time-temperature trajectories considered for this, the most attractive involves strong clamping followed by a gradual expansion of the radius to control the runaway.
Spatial dynamics of picosecond CO 2 laser pulses produced by optical switching in Ge (1991)

ABSTRACT The design, test and optimization of a picosecond CO2 pulse-forming system are presented. The system switches a semiconductor's optical characteristics at 10 1um under the control of a synchronized 1.06-jim Nd:YAG picosecond laser pulse. An energy-efficient version of such a systemusing collimated beams is described. A simple, semi-empirical approach is used to simulate theswitching process, specifically including the spatial distributions of the laser energy and phase,which are relevant for experiments in laser-driven electron acceleration. 1. INTRODUCTION Lasers have been proposed as a tool for electron acceleration since early in their develop- ment. But only with the advent of sufficiently high-power lasers has this idea become feasible, andresearch programs are under way in several laboratories. The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF)1at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is presently preparing to test three laser-acceleration schemes. In all cases, the laser will interact with a 50 MeV high-brightness e-beam producedby a conventional RF linear accelerator. One program investigates electron acceleration by the
Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer (2023)

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI and through data communications resources, including receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a SEND instruction, the SEND instruction specifying a transmission of transfer data from the origin endpoint to a first target endpoint; transmitting from the origin endpoint to the first target endpoint a Request-To-Send (`RTS`) message advising the first target endpoint of the location and size of the transfer data; assigning by the first target endpoint to each of a plurality of target endpoints separate portions of the transfer data; and receiving by the plurality of target endpoints the transfer data.
Mobile interaction with visual and RFID tags (2007)

In this paper, we present a study of user perceptions on mobile interaction with visual and RFID tags. Although mobile interaction with tags has been proposed in several earlier studies, user perceptions and usability comparisons of different tag technologies have not been intensively investigated. In contrast to earlier studies, which report on user studies with evaluating new concepts or interaction techniques, we take another approach and examine the current understanding of the techniques and user perceptions on them. Our field study of 50 users charts currently existing user perceptions and reveals potential usability risks that are due to the limited or erroneous understanding of the interaction technique.
Semiautomatic Whole-lesion Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Assessment for Early Prediction of Liver Tumor Response to Radioembolization. (2016)

Semiautomatic, software-based ADC volume measurements seem to offer a clinically valuable parameter for early prediction of therapy response in patients after RE.
High Tg thermosetting resins from resveratrol (2013)

The tricyanate esters of the natural product resveratrol (1) and dihydroresveratrol (2) were synthesized and subjected to thermal curing which gave polycyanurate network polymers which exhibited glass transition temperatures of >340 °C and 334 °C, respectively. Thermal decomposition temperatures of 412 °C and 403 °C for polycyanurates of 1 and 2, respectively, were typical of this class. However, char yields (600 °C) of 71% and 66% for 1 and 2, respectively, were more than double that from the polycyanurate of bisphenol A dicyanate (25%).
Trends in the design of high-speed, low-power analog-to-digital converters (2015)

This paper presents the design trends of high-resolution and high-speed Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) which are employed in wireless LAN and ultra-wideband systems. The main research topic of such ADCs is reducing the power consumption. A number of reported low-power ADCs are classified into five types of ADCs. To understand the design challenges and the design techniques of low-power ADC, circuit configuration and basic operation of such five architectures are briefly reviewed. In addition, a guideline for architecture selection is discussed using a benchmark plot of recent developed ADCs. A future work of the ADC development also is discussed at the end of the paper.
Phoneme probability estimation with dynamic sparsely connected artificial neural networks (1997)

This paper presents new methods for training large neural networks for phoneme probability estimation. An architecture combining time-delay windows and recurrent connections is used to capture the important dynamic information of the speech signal. Because the number of connections in a fully connected recurrent network grows super-linear with the number of hidden units, schemes for sparse connection and connection pruning are explored. It is found that sparsely connected networks outperform their fully connected counterparts with an equal number of connections. The implementation of the combined architecture and training scheme is described in detail. The networks are evaluated in a hybrid HMM/ANN system for phoneme recognition on the TIMIT database, and for word recognition on the WAXHOLM database. The achieved phone error-rate, 27.8%, for the standard 39 phoneme set on the core test-set of the TIMIT database is in the range of the lowest reported. All training and simulation softwar...
Long‐Term Effects of Orthoses Use on the Changes of Foot and Ankle Joint Motions of Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy (2017)

Level II.
Human monoclonal antibodies to a novel kidney cancer antigen inhibit target-induced angiogenesis and tumor cell growth and migration in vitro (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

4108 

We have identified a novel human cell surface protein, AGS-16, that is expressed in >95% of kidney cancers, predominantly in clear cell and papillary carcinomas. AGS-16 is expressed homogeneously at high levels in primary kidney cancers and in kidney metastases to lymph nodes and lung tissues. Amongst normal tissues, AGS-16 is expressed predominantly in kidney proximal tubules. In vitro studies with a purified extracellular domain (ECD) protein and AGS-16 expressing cells have indicated an involvement of AGS-16 in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation and migration. AGS-16 ECD induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation on Matrigel in vitro , as well as their migration in a transwell chamber assay. RNAi silencing of AGS-16 expression in the kidney clear cell line RXF-393 and the liver cancer cell line HepG2 significantly reduced their proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. XenoMouse® technology was employed to generate a large panel of high affinity fully human MAbs to AGS-16 with diverse isotypes (IgG1κ, IgG1λ, IgG2κ). Among the MAbs that demonstrated potent activity in all of the in vitro assays described above was AGS-16M18, an IgG1λ MAb with a Kd = 2.6 x 10-10M for cell surface AGS-16. AGS-16 M18 inhibited proliferation and survival of both RXF-393 and HepG2 tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AGS-16M18 dose-dependently inhibited ECD-induced HUVEC tube formation. AGS-16M18 inhibited HepG2 cell migration and invasion in a short time period, which preceded the anti-proliferative effect of the MAb on these tumor cells. Completion of studies evaluating the anti-tumor efficacy of AGS-16M18 in vivo is underway. Together, these data establish AGS-16 as an attractive target for MAb-directed therapy of kidney cancer.