gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of Cardiolipin Synthase in Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells Modulates Blood Brain Barrier Transport Properties (2015)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by microvessel endothelial cells and is a restrictively permeable interface that allows transport of only specific compounds into the brain. Cardiolipin (CL) a mitochondrial (MITO) lipid is required for activity/integrity of the respiratory chain. We examined the role of CL in maintaining barrier properties of brain microvessel endothelial cells. We show that human brain capillary endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) produce a significant proportion of their basal ATP requirement through MITO oxidative phosphorylation. siRNA knockdown (KD) of the CL biosynthetic enzyme CL synthase (CLS) significantly reduced these cells ability to increase MITO function under conditions of increased metabolic demand compared to controls. In addition, KD of CLS acted as a metabolic switch causing hCMEC/D3 cells to become more dependent on glycolysis. KD of CLS increased [3H]‐2‐deoxyglucose ([3H]‐2DG) uptake compared to controls, and this may thus serve as a mechanism to compensate for the cells reduced MITO energy production efficiency. Finally, KD of CLS did not affect movement of the permeability marker fluorescent dextran across confluent hCMEC/D3 monolayers grown on Transwell ® plates, an in vitro model for the human BBB, but caused in an increase in [3H]‐2DG transport across the monolayer compared to controls. The results suggest that brain endothelial MITO energy status play a role in regulating glucose transport across the human BBB. These observations may, in part, explain why brain capillary endothelial cells possess higher MITO content than endothelial cells derived from non‐BBB regions of the body. (Supported by NSERC and the CRC Program)
How Trace Analytical Techniques Contribute to the Research and Development of Ge and III/V Semiconductor Devices (2006)

Ge and III/V semiconductor substrates are recently being investigated as a candidate material for the replacement of Si substrates in advanced micro-electronic devices. The reintroduction of this material requires engineering of the standard IC processing steps. In this paper, we present how the trace analytical techniques of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) contribute to the realization of suitable processes to realize a high quality gate stack on Ge and GaAs substrates. A conventional application for these techniques lays in contamination control on incoming wafers. Besides this, we demonstrate some more advanced applications such as the determination of dopant concentrations (As in Ge), the study of passivation processes (S on Ge) and the characterization of nanometer thin layers (Si on Ge, HfO 2 on Si).
STOP: a Spectroscopic Tip Optical Probe for skin complexion characterization (2016)

In this paper, we show the relevance of the spatially resolved Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (srDRS) measure to characterize skin optical properties in order to differentiate dull from bright tone of panelists within a cohort. We use a new Spectroscopic Tip Optical Probe (STOP) to quantify absorption and diffusion in seven zones of interest. We show the capacity of the STOP instrument to probe the medium, and identify characteristic physiological properties enabling to classify skin tones.
Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplants for leukemia using donors other than HLA-identical siblings. (1997)

Although transplants from alternative donors are effective in some patients with leukemia, treatment failure is higher than after HLA-identical sibling transplants. Outcome depends on leukemia state, donor-recipient relationship, and degree of HLA matching. In early leukemia, alternative donor transplants have a more than twofold increased risk of treatment failure compared with HLA-identical sibling transplants. This difference is less in advanced leukemia.
FAM19A5l affects mustard oil-induced peripheral nociception in zebrafish (2020)

SUMMARY Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A5 (FAM19A5) is a chemokine-like secretory protein recently identified to be involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation, post-injury neointima formation, and depression. Here, we identified FAM19A5l , an orthologous zebrafish gene that originated from a common ancestral FAM19A5 gene. FAM19A5l was expressed in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as distinct neuronal subsets of the central nervous system of zebrafish. Interestingly, FAM19A5l + trigeminal neurons were nociceptors that co-localized with TRPA1b and TRPV1, and responded to mustard-oil treatment. Behavioral analysis revealed that the nociceptive response to mustard oil decreased in FAM19A5l -knockout zebrafish larvae. In addition, TRPA1b and NGFa mRNA levels were down- and up-regulated in FAM19A5l -knockout and - overexpressing transgenic zebrafish, respectively. Together, our data suggested that FAM19A5l played a role in nociceptive responses to mustard oil by regulating TRPA1b and NGFa expression in zebrafish.
A New Look at Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity Networks for Spatio-Temporal Feature Learning (2021)

We present new theoretical foundations for unsupervised Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning in spiking neural networks (SNNs). In contrast to empirical parameter search used in most previous works, we provide novel theoretical grounds for SNN and STDP parameter tuning which considerably reduces design time. Using our generic framework, we propose a class of global, action-based and convolutional SNN-STDP architectures for learning spatio-temporal features from event-based cameras. We assess our methods on the N-MNIST, the CIFAR10-DVS and the IBM DVS128 Gesture datasets, all acquired with a real-world event camera. Using our framework, we report significant improvements in classification accuracy compared to both conventional state-of-the-art event-based feature descriptors (+8.2% on CIFAR10-DVS), and compared to state-of-the-art STDP-based systems (+9.3% on N-MNIST, +7.74% on IBM DVS128 Gesture). Our work contributes to both ultra-low-power learning in neuromorphic edge devices, and towards a biologically-plausible, optimization-based theory of cortical vision.
Oxygen Plasma Modification of Poss-Coated Kapton(Registered TradeMark) HN Films (2008)

The surface energy of a material depends on both surface composition and topographic features. In an effort to modify the surface topography of Kapton(Registered TradeMark) HN film, organic solutions of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)silsesquioxane (POSS), were spray-coated onto the Kapton(Registered TradeMark) HN surface. Prior to POSS application, the Kapton(Registered TradeMark) HN film was activated by exposure to radio frequency (RF)-generated oxygen plasma. After POSS deposition and solvent evaporation, the films were exposed to various durations of RF-generated oxygen plasma to create a topographically rich surface. The modified films were characterized using optical microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The physical properties of the modified films will be presented.
Acid-base transport in the collecting duct. (2002)

The collecting duct is responsible for the final secretion or reabsorption of protons and bicarbonate, respectively. Approximately 2% of the total filtered bicarbonate is reabsorbed in this segment. At least two different types of cells are involved in the transport of protons and bicarbonate, namely, type A and B intercalated cells. Their relative abundance differs in zonal distribution in the collecting duct. A variety of transport proteins and enzymes take part in the transcellular movement of protons and bicarbonate, some of them identified on a molecular level. These proteins are tightly regulated by hormones such as angiotensin II, aldosterone or endothelin or by the metabolic status of the organism. Alterations in acid-base intake or electrolyte status have profound effects on the collecting duct. Moreover, drugs interacting with renal electrolyte or bicarbonate handling (i.e. diuretics, glucocorticoids) also often affect acid-base transport in the collecting duct. For some of the identified proteins mutations have been found in various genetic diseases and syndromes of distal renal tubular acidosis leading to metabolic acidosis and an increased risk of nephrocalcinosis or -lithiasis.
On a global information grid simulation platform for investigations of end-to-end performance (2005)

We have embarked upon the development of a reusable global information grid (DID) simulation platform in order to support GIG architecture, design and engineering. We followed a classical systems engineering approach to the design of the GIG simulation platform. We have identified a set of useful performance studies to perform related to GIG architecture and design. We present our approach to the design of our GIG simulation platform and the development of a GIG topology model allowing for automated simulation configurations. As an example of the platform's utility, we briefly discuss our initial studies of BGP performance in GIG-like environments. We conclude with a discussion of follow on work on our GIG simulation platform.
Adaptive filtering with finite wordlength constraints (1983)

The paper describes the implementation and design of an adaptive digital filter. A brief introduction to the theory of adaptive filtering is first undertaken; this is followed by a description of the hardware used in the implementation. At this point, finite wordlength considerations are outlined. A consequence of these finite wordlength constraints – namely deadspace in the adaptive update equations – is investigated and a new method for reducing this deadspace, by use of an additive dither signal in the weight vector update algorithm, is proposed. Simulation results which confirm the utility of the method are included. Experimental results obtained from the hardware described are presented. A technique for determining required wordlength for digitally implemented adaptive filters is outlined. Finally, limitations of the design are discussed, along with possible applications.
Optomagnetism in plasmonic nanostructures (2022)

Optically-induced magnetism has drawn considerable interest in the past years for its ability to speed up magnetic processes. For example, static magnetic fields have been demonstrated to be generated in non-magnetic plasmonic (gold) nanoparticles and nano-apertures. Using a simplified hydrodynamic model of the free electron gas of metal, we theoretically investigate the IFE and resulting optomagnetism in a thin gold film as well as in axis-symmetric plasmonic nanostructures under illumination with various focused light. The resulting static magnetic field is found to be maximum and dramatically confined at the corners and edges of the plasmonic structures, which reveals the ability of metallic discontinuities to concentrate and tailor static magnetic fields on the nanoscale. Plasmonics can thus generate and tune static magnetic fields on the nanoscale, potentially impacting small-scale magnetic tweezing and sensing as well as the generation of magneto-optical effects and spin-waves.
KOAN/ANAGRAM II: new tools for device-level analog placement and routing (1991)

The authors describe KOAN and ANAGRAM II, new tools for device-level analog placement and routing. Analog layout tools that merely apply known digital macrocell techniques fall short of achieving the density and performance of handcrafted analog cells. KOAN and ANAGRAM II differ from previous approaches by using general algorithmic techniques to find critical device-level layout optimizations rather than relying on a large library of fixed-topology module generators. New placement algorithms implemented in KOAN handle complex layout symmetries, dynamic merging and abutment of individual devices, and flexible generation of wells and bulk constants. New routing algorithms implemented in ANAGRAM II handle arbitrary gridless design rules in addition to over-the-device, crosstalk-avoiding, mirror-symmetric, and self-symmetric wiring. Examples of CMOS and BiCMOS analog cell layouts produced by these tools are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Independent Sets in Regular Hypergraphs and Multidimensional Runlength-Limited Constraints (2004)

Let G be a t-uniform s-regular linear hypergraph with r vertices. It is shown that the number of independent sets $\IS(\hgraph)$ in $\hgraph$ satisfies \[ \log_2 \IS(\hgraph) \le \frac{r}{t} \left( 1 + O \biggl( \frac{\log^2(ts)}{s} \biggr) \right) . \] This leads to an improvement of a previous bound by Alon obtained for t = 2 (i.e., for regular ordinary graphs). It is also shown that for the Hamming graph $\Hamming(n,q)$ (with vertices consisting of all n-tuples over an alphabet of size q and edges connecting pairs of vertices with Hamming distance 1), \[ \frac{\log_2 \IS(\Hamming(n,q))}{q^n} = \frac{1}{q} + O \biggl(\frac{\log^2 (q n)}{q n} \biggr). \] The latter result is then applied to show that the Shannon capacity of the n-dimensional $(d,\infty)$-runlength-limited (RLL) constraint converges to 1/(d+1) as n goes to infinity.
Anodic Oxidation of Diphenyl Disulfides for Preparation of Oligo(p‐phenylene sulfide)s in Acidic Media (1992)

Diphenyl disulfides yield oligo(p‐phenylene sulfides) by an anodic oxidation in dichloromethane solution in the presence of protonic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid. The acid suppresses the nucleophilic reaction of the cationic active species and the electro‐oligomerization of diphenyl disulfide proceeds through an electrophilic reaction of a cation formed anodic oxidation. The oxidation of diphenyl disulfide proceeds through a one‐electron transfer and via phenyl‐bis(phenylthio) sulfonium cation as an active species in this oligomerization, which was confirmed electrochemically. Upon adding benzoquinones and cerium acetylacetonate to the mixture, the oligomerization proceeds efficiently to give a high yield of the oligomer and can be carried out at a lower applied potential (1.7 to 0.8 V vs. ).
Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed enantioselective oxidations in hydrophobic organic media (2001)

Chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago, a peroxidase that performs P450-like chemistry, was immobilized via covalent attachment into polyurethane foam as well as conjugated with a surfactant or polymer via colyophilization. The resulting preparations catalyzed enantio- and regioselective oxidations in hydrophobic organic media with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. Dried PUR-foam immobilized CPO mediated the selective oxidation of indole to 2-oxindole (regioselectivity: 99%) in water-saturated isooctane or 1-octanol. Thioanisole was converted into the corresponding (R)-sulfoxide (ee > 99%) in isooctane medium. The complexes of CPO with sodium octadecylsulphate or ethyl cellulose mediated the oxidation of thioanisole in water-immiscible organic media with variable enantioselectivity due to radical side-reactions. In the presence of alpha-tocopherol, acting as radical scavenger, the (R)-sulfoxide was formed with ee > 90%. The effect of the water activity on the catalytic activity of the complexes was investigated. The CPO complexes likewise mediated the regioselective oxidation of indole into 2-oxindole in water-saturated isooctane or 1-octanol and its kinetics were investigated. The reaction suffered from substrate inhibition when carried out in isooctane.
Size tunable three-dimensional annular laser trap based on axicons (2006)

A three-dimensional (3D) ring-shaped laser trap has been built using axicons. The diameter of this laser trap ranges from 70 to 140 mum and is adjusted by simply changing the position of one axicon in the optical path. Parallel 3D trapping of 5 mum silica microspheres and 3D confinement of cells along the ring are demonstrated. In this system the special optical properties of axicons are used to create a continuous annular trap with high power efficiency and a constant numerical aperture. This new approach, without any mechanical scanning, offers significant potential for applications in cell motility analysis and biotropism studies.
Introducing map-reduce to high end computing (2008)

In this work we present an scientific application that has been given a Hadoop MapReduce implementation. We also discuss other scientific fields of supercomputing that could benefit from a MapReduce implementation. We recognize in this work that Hadoop has potential benefit for more applications than simply data mining, but that it is not a panacea for all data intensive applications. We provide an example of how the halo finding application, when applied to large astrophysics datasets, benefits from the model of the Hadoop architecture. The halo finding application uses a friends of friends algorithm to quickly cluster together large sets of particles to output files which a visualization software can interpret. The current implementation requires that large datasets be moved from storage to computation resources for every simulation of astronomy data. Our Hadoop implementation allows for an in-place halo finding application on the datasets, which removes the time consuming process of transferring data between resources.
Supplementary Table 3 from Endobronchial miRNAs as Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Chemoprevention (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 57K, Distribution of histological responders and non-responders in iloprost and in placebo arm Legend :"Worst histology score criterion" = response is defined as a decrease of 1 or more in worst histology score of all biopsies from the same patients after treatment as compared to before, as used in the iloprost chemoprevention trial (11); "paired sample based criteria" = response is defined by a decrease of one histological grade within matched paired biopsies taken at the same site before and after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Eigen-points [image matching] (2002)

Eigen-points places control points onto unmarked images. The control points are the image locations corresponding to fiduciary points on an object. For example, we might designate ten points on the outside boundary of the lip as fiduciary points on a face. Then, the control points mark the image locations where those points on the outside lip boundary appear. The control-point locations are estimated using a coupled manifold model, which describes the joint variation of the image appearance and the control-point location. The paper first discusses why this problem is interesting and then reviews previous approaches to placing control points on images of deformable objects. It also outlines our approach to placing control points automatically. Finally, some results from our analysis are presented.
A Crystalline Metallic Copper Network Application Film Produced by High-Temperature Atmospheric Sintering (2012)

We show the first production of a copper (Cu) application film (AF) consisting of a novel network of crystalline metallic Cu embedded with copper-phosphorus-oxygen glasses (Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (PO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> ) to provide new feedstock materials for crystalline silicon (Si) photovoltaics (PVs). The Cu crystal network was preferentially grown in AF, and thus, a Cu AF with low-electrical resistivity was formed in air at elevated temperatures of ≥ 450°C by using a copper-phosphorus (Cu-P) alloy paste as a starting material for the sintering. The Cu-P alloy had the role that governed deoxidization of a cuprous oxide, which was formed on heating during the sintering, by virtue of a concurrent oxidation of the Cu phosphide at elevated temperatures. Our results may open the way to the widespread use of atmospherically sintered Cu AFs for mass-production of next-generation crystalline Si PVs.
Nitronate Anion Recognition and Modulation of Ambident Reactivity by Hydrogen-Bonding Receptors (2000)

Nitronate anions were shown to form complexes in DMSO with hydrogen-bonding receptors such as 1,3-dimethylthiourea 1 (K(a)= 120M(-1)) and bicyclic guanidinium 2 (K(a) = 3200M(-1)). A ditopic bis-thiourea exhibited increased association with substrates, that contained either two nitronates (K(a)= 7000M(-1)) or a combination of nitronate and carboxylate (K(a)=7200M(-1)). Complexation of nitronate resulted in a change in the ambident reactivity during alkylation with p-nitrobenzyl bromide. The predominant reaction pathway was shifted from oxygen alkylation to carbon alkylation as receptor binding strength increased. Kinetic analysis indicated an overall inhibition of nitronate reactivity, and this suggests that greater suppression of the oxygen pathway allows carbon alkylation to predominate.
Nano-lithography using self-assembled block-copolymer for patterned media (2003)

Block-copolymers are known to generate nano-scale microdomains by microphase-separation, if they are annealed at a temperature lower than their order-disorder transition temperatures. We tried to transfer microdomains onto substrates by only using the reactive-ion etching method, which is widely used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. Regarding the application of this nano-patterning technique, we demonstrated the first circumferential magnetic patterned media for hard disk, which were prepared on a 2.5-inch diameter glass plate.
Cocaine self-administration and naltrindole, a delta-selective opioid antagonist (1995)

Recent reports from several laboratories have suggested a role for delta opioid receptors in expressing some of the biochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine. Here, this possibility has been further explored by evaluating the propensity of rats to self-administer i.v. cocaine in the absence or presence of naltrindole, a selective delta opioid antagonist. Following a number of days of stable cocaine intake, and before a day's session, naltrindole (3 or 10 mg kg-1) reduced pressing for cocaine, regardless of the schedule of reinforcement. These data further support the role of processes associated with delta opioid receptors in the ability of cocaine to reinforce its own use.
Improved visualization of breast cancer features in multifocal carcinoma using phase-contrast and dark-field mammography: an ex vivo study (2015)

• X-ray dark-field mammography provides significantly improved visualization of tumour features • X-ray dark-field mammography is capable of outperforming conventional mammographic imaging • X-ray dark-field mammography provides imaging sensitivity towards highly dispersed calcium grains.