gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of three systemic fungicides on deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) production by Fusarium graminearum in wheat (1992)

The effect of triadimefon, propiconazole and thiabendazole fungicides on the growth of Fusarium graminearum and the production of deoxynivalenol in wheat was investigated in a field trial. The heads of wheat plants were infected with F. graminearum spores (1 × 10 5 conidia mL −1 , approximately 62.5 mL m −2 ) 2 d following anthesis. Triadimefon (Bayleton 1.8 E.C), propiconazole (Tilt 3.6 E.C) and thiabendazole (Mertect 340-F) were sprayed at the dosages of 60, 120, and 360 g a.i. ha −1 , respectively. Treatments of wheat plants with the fungicides were conducted at three time schedules: (1) one application at 2 d before inoculation, (2) one application at 2 d after inoculation, and (3) two applications at 2 d before and 2 d after the inoculation of wheat plants with F. graminearum. Treatments with triadimefon and propiconazole fungicides resulted in 39–61% and 34–79% decreases in F. graminearum infection and deoxynivalenol levels, respectively. Although treatment with thiabendazole resulted in the maximum reduction (83%) in deoxynivalenol level, it had no significant effect on F. graminearum infection.Key words: Fusarium graminearum, deoxynivalenol, vomitoxin, fungicides, triadimefon, thiabendazole, propiconazole
Aspirin inhibits the production of proangiogenic 15( S )‐HETE by platelet cyclooxygenase‐1 (2016)

Regular consumption of low-dose aspirin reduces the occurrence of colorectal, esophageal, stomach, and gastrointestinal cancers. The underlying mechanism is unknown but may be linked to inhibition of angiogenesis. Because the effective doses of aspirin are consistent with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 in platelets, we used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analyses and immunoassays of human platelet releasates coupled with angiogenesis assays to search for the mediators of these effects. Blood or platelet-rich plasma from healthy volunteers stimulated with platelet activators produced a broad range of eicosanoids. Notably, preincubation of platelets with aspirin, but not with a P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptor antagonist, caused a marked reduction in the production of 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 15(S)-HETE, in addition to prostanoids such as thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> Releasates from activated platelets caused cell migration and tube formation in cultured human endothelial cells and stimulated the sprouting of rat aortic rings in culture. These proangiogenic effects were absent when platelets were treated with aspirin but returned by coincubation with exogenous 15(S)-HETE. These results reveal 15(S)-HETE as a major platelet cyclooxygenase-1 product with strong proangiogenic effects. Thus, 15(S)-HETE represents a potential target for the development of novel antiangiogenic therapeutics, and blockade of its production may provide a mechanism for the anticancer effects of aspirin.-Rauzi, F., Kirkby, N. S., Edin, M. L., Whiteford, J. Zeldin, D. C., Mitchell, J. A., Warner, T. D. Aspirin inhibits the production of proangiogenic 15(S)-HETE by platelet cyclooxygenase-1.
A new approach for enhancement circular polarization output in square shaped microstrip patch antennas (2004)

Circular polarization (CP) is often desirable in WLAN applications for overcoming the multipath fading problem and enhancing the system performance. For practical applications in WLAN, CP bandwidth should exceed 75 MHz (3%). It is well known that the CP output of square shaped patch antennas is related to dual-mode operation of the square resonator. The problem is to obtain two orthogonal near-degenerate modes of the same magnitude in phase quadrature. We propose a new concept for achieving the CP output of square patch antennas. Previously, we have shown that the corner cut perturbation is not sufficient for providing CP and that traditional consideration of mode splitting is not always applicable to square resonator structures (Semouchkina, E. et al., IEEE AP-S Digest Proc. Int. Symp., vol.3, p.772-5, 2003). Additional data led us to conclude that the perturbation of diagonal symmetry does not shift the two orthogonal modes in opposite directions with respect to the center frequency. Instead, it causes both modes to split into two modes which differ in phase. The paper demonstrates how this understanding could be used to design a square patch antenna with an enhanced CP bandwidth.
Crystal quality of InGaAs epitaxial layer on 3-inch diameter VCZ/LEC InP(Fe) substrates (2002)

Crystal quality of InGaAs epitaxial layers grown by MOCVD on a 3-inch diameter Fe-doped VCZ/LEC InP substrates have been studied by double crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The crystallographic property of the InP substrates reflected on the InGaAs layers. The average full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray rocking curves of the InGaAs layer on the VCZ-grown InP substrate was narrower than that on the LEC-grown InP substrate. X-ray topographies of the InGaAs layer on the VCZ-grown InP substrate showed less lattice orientation variation than that on the LEC-grown InP substrate. Dark currents of p-i-n photodiodes fabricated on the epitaxial wafers were also studied. The average dark current on the VCZ-grown InP substrate was lower than that on the LEC-grown InP substrate. The standard deviation of dark currents on the VGZ-grown InP substrate was also smaller than that on the LEC-grown InP substrate. Therefore, InGaAs epitaxial layers on 3-inch diameter VCZ-grown InP substrates have superior quality from crystallographic and device characteristics point of view.
Overview Of Current Scatterometer Measurements And The Impact On Optical Systems (1987)

Scatter in optical systems reduces signal, creates optical noise, limits resolution and has proved to be an unexpected problem in more than one optical design. On the other hand, measurement and analysis of scatter from optical components and systems is a sensitive non-contact source of information that can be used for component acceptance and control of production processes to improve surface finish. The optics required for many of the systems on the drawing board today will need to meet scatter specifications in order to function as intended. Choosing the correct scatter specification for a particular component is not always a trivial task and often when an appropriate specification is chosen there is a problem in getting the measurements taken. The temptation to rely on Total Integrated Scatter (TIS) measurements or on surface profiling via interferometry or stylus systems) is great. Unfortunately predicting scatter from profile measurements is not easy [1] and TIS is often inappropriate.
811. Correction of Laminin-5 β3 Chain Deficiency in Human Epidermal Stem Cells by Transcriptionally Targeted Lentiviral Vectors (2006)

Mutations in any of the genes encoding the laminin 5 heterotrimer (α3, β3 and γ2) cause junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), a severe and often fatal skin adhesion defect. We and others have shown that expression of a retrovirally transferred β3-chain cDNA in keratinocytes from affected patients reconstitutes normal synthesis, assembly and secretion of laminin 5, and corrects the adhesion defect in vitro and in vivo. We have recently started a phase-I clinical trial of gene therapy of JEB based on transplantation of cultured skin derived from autologous epidermal stem cells transduced with a MLV-derived retroviral vector. Since gamma- retroviral vectors have raised safety concerns for the genotoxic risk associated with the insertion of LTR elements into the human genome, we developed an alternative gene transfer strategy based on LTR- modified, HIV-derived lentiviral vectors. Two self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors were built, in which expression of either GFP or a LAMB3 cDNA is under the control of either a constitutive promoter (PGK) or the keratinocyte-specific, 2.2-kb promoter-enhancer of keratin 14 (K14). In a third construct, expression of the transgene is under the control of the viral LTR, modified by replacing the U3 region with two K14 enhancer elements. Analysis in human keratinocyte cultures and in full-thickness human skin equivalents reconstituted onto immunodeficient mice showed that GFP expression directed by the K14 elements is tissue-specific and restricted to the basal layer of the epidermis. Expression of laminin5 from the three alternative vectors was evaluated in keratinocyte cultures derived from skin biopsies of JEB patients. Biochemical and cell kinetics assays demonstrated transduction of epidermal clonogenic stem/progenitor cells and full phenotypic correction of JEB keratinocytes with all vectors. Southern blot analysis of individual cell clones showed that LTR-modified lentiviral vectors are genetically stable and integrate in multiple copies in the human genome. This study shows that the use of lentiviral vectors transcriptionally targeted to the basal keratinocytes by the insertion of restricted enhancer elements is an effective, and potentially safer, alternative for gene therapy of JEB.
Adsorption and thermal decomposition of Mo(CO)6 on TiO2(110) (1996)

The adsorption, reaction and thermal desorption of Mo(CO)6 on TiO2(110) has been investigated by TPD, Fourier-transform reflection–absorption IR spectroscopy (FT-RAIRS) and XPS. The p-polarised FT-RAIRS spectrum of the first layer adsorbed at 150 K is characterised by a pair of transmission and absorption bands in the range 2000–2023 and 1964 cm–1, respectively. A second pair of transmission and absorption bands are observed at 2035–2045 and 1954–1950 cm–1 for the multilayer species produced at higher coverages. Each pair of transmission/absorption bands is assigned to the coupling of the normal/tangential component of the p-polarised radiation to the vibrationally coupled modes of an isotropic physisorbed layer. The coupling of dipoles parallel to the surface results in a normal mode red shifted from the singleton frequency, and the coupling of dipoles perpendicular to the surface results in a blue shift. The small difference between the mono- and multi-layer peak positions is probably a result of differences in this vibrational coupling rather than any significant interaction of Mo(CO)6 with the surface. This is reflected in the TPD which indicates the desorption of the multilayer and monolayer at similar temperatures around 200 K. FT-RAIRS indicates that thermal desorption may be accompanied by some rearrangement of the physisorbed layer, and the formation of weakly bound subcarbonyl species, Mo(CO)5, characterised by a single transmission band at 1950 cm–1. XPS confirms the removal of CO from Mo(CO)6 to produce 0.2 ML (monolayer) of an unstable and weakly bound subcarbonyl species which decarbonylates to produce small Mo particles above 220 K. Exposure of the TiO2(110) surface at 400 K to Mo(CO)6 results in dissociative adsorption to produce small Mo particles and adsorbed carbon. There is also no evidence that the reaction of Mo(CO)6 with the prehydroxylated TiO2(110) surface results in the formation of any stable subcarbonyl species.
Scalable face retrieval by simple classifiers and voting scheme (2015)

In this paper, we propose a scalable face retrieval method on large data. In order to search a particular person from videos on the Web, face recognition is one of the most effective methods. Needless to say that retrieving faces from videos are more challenging than that from a still image due to inconsistency in imaging conditions such as change of view point, lighting condition and resolution. However, dealing with them is not enough to realize the retrieval on large data. In addition, a face recognition method on the videos should be highly scalable as the number of the videos on the Web is enormous. Existing face recognition methods do not scale. In order to realize scalable face recognition, we propose a novel face recognition method. The proposed method is scalable even if the data is million-scale with high accuracy. The proposed method uses local features for face representation, and an approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search for feature matching to reduce computational time. A voting scheme is used for recognition to compensate for low accuracy of the ANN search. We created a 5 million database and evaluated the proposed method. As results, the proposed method showed more than thousand times faster than a conventional sublinear method. Moreover, the proposed method recognized face images with a top 1000 cumulative accuracy of 100% in 139 ms recognition time (excluding preprocessing and feature extraction for the query image) per query image on the 5 million face database.
Chemical Tools for Studying Directed Cell Migration (2011)

Cell migration is required for many physiological processes, including wound repair and embryogenesis, and relies on precisely orchestrated events that are regulated in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Most traditional approaches for studying migration, such as genetic methods or the use of chemical inhibitors, do not offer insight into these important components of protein function. However, chemical tools, which respond on a more rapid time scale and in localized regions of the cell, are capable of providing more detailed, real-time information. This Review describes these recent approaches to investigate cell migration and focuses on proteins that are activated by light or small molecules, as well as fluorescent sensors of protein activity.
Scaling laws for the reduction of threading dislocation densities in homogeneous buffer layers (1996)

In the heteroepitaxial growth of films with large misfit with the underlying substrate (linear mismatch strains in excess of 1%–2%) the generation of misfit dislocations and threading dislocations (TDs) is ubiquitous for thicknesses well in excess of the equilibrium critical thickness. Experimental data suggest that the TD density in relaxed homogeneous buffer layers can be divided into three regimes: (i) an entanglement region near the film/substrate interface corresponding to TD densities of ∼1010–1012 cm−2; (ii) a falloff in TD density that is inversely proportional to the film thickness h, applicable to densities in the range ∼107–109 cm−2; and (iii) saturation or weak decay of the TD density with further increase in film thickness. Typical saturation densities are on the order of ∼106–107 cm−2. In this article, we show that the TD reduction may be described in terms of effective lateral motion of TDs with increasing film thickness. An analytic model is developed that successfully predicts both the 1/h scaling behavior and the saturation of TD densities. Long-range fluctuations in the net Burgers vector content of the local TDs is a cause for saturation behavior. These models are supported by computer simulations.
Antigen-induced proliferation assay for rabbit T lymphocytes. I. Characteristics of the response. (1980)

An in vitro assay which measures specific antigen-induced proliferation of primed rabbit lymph node and peripheral blood cells is described. This response was found to be mediated by T cells, since it could be obtained with nylon-wool passed cells and cells which do not adhere to anti-Ig-coated plastic plates. The proliferative response was found to be highly antigen-specific and restricted to the draining lymph node if assessed up to 15 days post-priming. Purified T cells required antigen-pulsed accessory cells to proliferate. The proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes was found to be low unless the lymphocytes were fractionated on insolubilized histamine. The histamine-adherent cells could suppress the above peripheral blood response, implying a certain regulatory role of suppressive cells in the periphery. The ease, reproducibility and specificity of the assay provides a simple method to evaluate the characteristics of a T-cell response in the rabbit.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the pyridinium acid nitrate [(PyH)2(NO3)][H2(NO3)3] containing a dihydrogen trinitrate anion (2021)

A new protic room-temperature ionic liquid (Tc = 14 ± 1 °C) – pyridinium hydrogen dinitrate – was obtained from a solution of pyridinium nitrate in anhydrous nitric acid in a desiccator with P2O5. According to single crystal X-ray diffraction data, the solid state structure of [(PyH)2(NO3)][H2(NO3)3] consists of hydrogen bonded cations [(PyH)2(NO3)]+ and anions [(NO3)(HNO3)2]− with a previously unknown configuration containing two HNO3 molecules linked via hydrogen bonds to the central NO3− anion by the sin–anti type.
Six-year incidence and systemic associations of retinopathy in a multi-ethnic Asian population without diabetes (2021)

Risk of developing retinopathy in Asians without diabetes is generally low. However, regression of retinopathy over time is common, suggesting that these retinopathy signs may reflect subclinical reversible microvascular dysfunction. Several metabolic risk factors are associated with incidence or regression of retinopathy, suggesting that good metabolic control may still be important in the management of non-diabetic retinopathy.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 2,6‐Di‐tert‐butylphenol with Aryl Bromides to Produce 1,1′‐Biphenyl‐4‐ol Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elimination of data pattern dependence in SOA-based differential-mode wavelength converters using optically-induced birefringence (2006)

We demonstrate a technique for eliminating nonlinear-pattern-dependence in SOA-based differential-mode wavelength-converters using optically-induced polarization rotation. Power penalty improvement of 2.6 dB for 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 PRBS data is achieved by compensating for 3.3 dB pattern dependence
Mixed-anion GaAs1−ySby graded buffer heterogeneously integrated on Si by molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

The growth, strain relaxation, and defect properties of a step-graded mixed-anion GaAs1−ySby buffer with a lattice misfit of >12% on a 6° off-cut (100) Si substrate grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated. This metamorphic graded buffer exhibited efficient strain relaxation and low threading dislocation densities of ≤107 cm−2 in the investigated range of misfits. High-resolution X-ray diffraction measurement demonstrated nearly ideal strain relaxation behavior with a surface rms roughness of ∼3.5 nm, which is attributed in part to dislocation glide. Thus, MBE-grown GaAs1−ySby anion-graded buffers are a promising "virtual substrate" technology for extending the performance and application of 6.1 Å device technology.
An Improved and Practical Sharpless Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to the Carboxylic Acids (1999)

Abstract An improved and practical procedure for the oxidation of primary alcohols to the carboxylic acids under Sharpless's conditions (NaIO4/RuCl3.H2O/water/acetonitrile) using ethyl acetate as the solvent, in place of toxic and ecologically undesirable carbon tetrachloride, is described.
Photoelectric workfunctions of metals oxide films and emission characteristics of molybdenum emitter tips with oxide coatings (2002)

Photoelectric work functions of flat thin metal oxides of interest as potential field emission sources for field emission displays have been measured using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples which include molybdenum, lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide, lead zirconium titanate, lead niobium zirconium titanate have also been characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. In addition, field emission measurements have been made with molybdenum and molybdenum coated field emission tips using single tip-gated aperture diodes mounted on a micromechanical motion control system. In these measurements, an electron decelerating lens and a hemispherical electron spectrometer is positioned behind the gated aperture so field emitted electrons passing through the aperture may be decelerated and their energy distribution measured. The emission characteristics and electron energy distributions were measured at different electric field strengths to determine the range of validity of the Fowler-Nordheim equation for the various emitter surfaces.
Retraction: SystematicAs75NMR study of the dependence of low-lying excitations on F doping in the iron oxypnictideLaFeAsO1−xFx[Phys. Rev. B79, 212506 (2009)] (2010)

Received 19 November 2009DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.019902©2010 American Physical Society
Expression profiles of P2-receptor isoforms P2Y1 and P2Y2 in the rat lens. (1998)

The molecular data support physiological evidence previously reported by others that P2Y receptors are expressed in the lens and identifies cortical fiber cells as the principal site of expression.
TIARA (2012)

We are building an interactive visual text analysis tool that aids users in analyzing large collections of text. Unlike existing work in visual text analytics, which focuses either on developing sophisticated text analytic techniques or inventing novel text visualization metaphors, ours tightly integrates state-of-the-art text analytics with interactive visualization to maximize the value of both. In this article, we present our work from two aspects. We first introduce an enhanced, LDA-based topic analysis technique that automatically derives a set of topics to summarize a collection of documents and their content evolution over time. To help users understand the complex summarization results produced by our topic analysis technique, we then present the design and development of a time-based visualization of the results. Furthermore, we provide users with a set of rich interaction tools that help them further interpret the visualized results in context and examine the text collection from multiple perspectives. As a result, our work offers three unique contributions. First, we present an enhanced topic modeling technique to provide users with a time-sensitive and more meaningful text summary. Second, we develop an effective visual metaphor to transform abstract and often complex text summarization results into a comprehensible visual representation. Third, we offer users flexible visual interaction tools as alternatives to compensate for the deficiencies of current text summarization techniques. We have applied our work to a number of text corpora and our evaluation shows promise, especially in support of complex text analyses.