gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Activities of Different Interferon Types and Subtypes against Hepatitis E Virus Replication (2016)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans and a member of the genusOrthohepevirusin the familyHepeviridae HEV infections are the common cause of acute hepatitis but can also take chronic courses. Ribavirin is the treatment of choice for most patients, and type I interferon (IFN) has been evaluated in a few infected transplant patientsin vivo In this study, the antiviral effects of different exogenously administered interferons were investigated by using state-of-the-art subgenomic replicon and full-length HEV genome cell culture models. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicons based on the genotype 2a JFH1 isolate served as the reference. The experiments revealed that HEV RNA replication was inhibited by the application of all types of IFN, including IFN-α (type I), IFN-γ (type II), and IFN-λ3 (type III), but to a far lesser extent than HCV replication. Simultaneous determination of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression levels for all IFN types demonstrated efficient downregulation by HEV. Furthermore, different IFN-α subtypes were also able to block viral replication in combination with ribavirin. The IFN-α subtypes 2a and 2b exerted the strongest antiviral activity against HEV. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time moderate anti-HEV activities of types II and III IFNs and different IFN-α subtypes. As HEV employed a potent anti-interferon mechanism by restricting ISG expression, exogenous application of IFNs as immunotherapy should be carefully assessed.
Whispering-gallery-mode THz pulse propagation on a cylindrically curved metal surface (2009)

We demonstrate THz pulse propagation on a 25-cm-long semi-cylindrical aluminum plate with low loss and negligible dispersion via whispering-gallery modes. This represents the first demonstration of these modes on a curved metallic surface in the THz regime, and is important for implementing curved waveguides based on parallel metal plates.
Partial Knowledge in Embeddings. (2017)

Representing domain knowledge is crucial for any task. There has been a wide range of techniques developed to represent this knowledge, from older logic based approaches to the more recent deep learning based techniques (i.e. embeddings). In this paper, we discuss some of these methods, focusing on the representational expressiveness tradeoffs that are often made. In particular, we focus on the the ability of various techniques to encode `partial knowledge' - a key component of successful knowledge systems. We introduce and describe the concepts of `ensembles of embeddings' and `aggregate embeddings' and demonstrate how they allow for partial knowledge.
Automatic Partitioning of Water Distribution Networks Using Multiscale Community Detection and Multiobjective Optimization (2017)

Partitioning water distribution networks into district metered areas (DMAs) is a challenge for water utilities due to the complexity of network topology, especially for large-scale and highly looped water supply systems. This paper presents a novel approach, using complex network theory and multiobjective optimization, for efficiently partitioning of water distribution networks. In this approach, a water distribution network is first mapped on to a weighted undirected graph, and its strength is measured by an extended modularity by a random walk strategy. Then, the Louvain algorithm is employed for network partitioning based on the modularity. Finally, boundary pipes between DMAs are determined by applying an evolutionary algorithm to minimize the number of boundary pipes and maximize the network pressure and water age uniformity. The approach has been tested on a real-world distribution system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that the method is effective at partitioning the network into DMAs with a similar pressure and water age.
A Transaction System for the NCUBE (1988)

We present the design of a transaction system which supports tuple-oriented database operations in the concurrent environment. An implementation of this system for the NCUBE Corporation NCUBE-7 hypercube processor is described. The implementation includes both the basic kernel to support the database operations and two software packages to assist users of the system.
Applications of HTS cables to power transmission: state-of-the-art and opportunities (1999)

Through technical and economic studies, prototype systems, and testing to qualification standards, Pirelli has moved power transmission through high temperature superconducting cables closer to reality. This paper reports the status of a 50 m long 400 MVA prototype system developed through a collaborative effort between Pirelli, EPRI, and DOE. This cable system carries 2000 A rms at a voltage of 115 kV. As part of the program, cable and accessories, including a joint, will be qualified in accordance with AEIC-CS2/90 and IEEE 48/96. In addition to the 50 m prototype, the general objectives and current status of Pirelli's worldwide HTS power cable development program is summarized. Acceptance of HTS cable systems requires more than technical feasibility, and this report discusses Pirelli's methods for defining target performance related to the market and utilities. Furthermore, it describes the main advantages of HTS power cable systems and their potential benefit to the electric power industry.
Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory (2013)

The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHE ν s) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHE ν s can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going ν ) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming ν ), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect these types of cascades. The distinguishing signature for neutrino events is the presence of very inclined showers produced close to the ground (i.e., after having traversed a large amount of atmosphere). In this work we review the procedure and criteria established to search for UHE ν s in the data collected with the ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This includes Earth-skimming as well as downward-going neutrinos. No neutrino candidates have been found, which allows us to place competitive limits to the diffuse flux of UHE ν s in the EeV range and above.
CATSPER Channel-Mediated Ca2+ Entry into Mouse Sperm Triggers a Tail-to-Head Propagation1 (2007)

Many Ca(2+) channel proteins have been detected in mammalian sperm, but only the four CATSPER channels have been clearly shown to be required for male fertility. Ca(2+) entry through the principal piece-localized CATSPER channels has been implicated in the activation of hyperactivated motility. In the present study, we show that the Ca(2+) entry also triggers a tail-to-head Ca(2+) propagation in the mouse sperm. When activated with 8-Br-cAMP, 8-Br-cGMP, or alkaline depolarization, a CATSPER-dependent increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration starts in the principal piece, propagates through the midpiece, and reaches the head in a few seconds. The Ca(2+) propagation through the midpiece leads to a Ca(2+)-dependent increase in NADH fluorescence. In addition, CatSper1-mutant sperm have lower intracellular ATP levels than wild-type sperm. Thus, a Ca(2+) influx in the principal piece through CATSPER channels can not only initiate hyperactivated motility, but can also trigger a tail-to-head Ca(2+) propagation that leads to an increase in [NADH] and may regulate ATP homeostasis.
The serine-threonine kinase TAO3 promotes cancer invasion and tumor growth by facilitating trafficking of endosomes containing the invadopodia scaffold TKS5α (2020)

ABSTRACT Invadopodia are actin-based proteolytic membrane protrusions required for invasive behavior and tumor growth. We used our high-content screening assay to identify kinases impacting invadopodia formation. Among the top hits we selected TAO3, a STE20-like kinase of the GCK subfamily, for further analysis. TAO3 was over-expressed in many human cancers, and regulated invadopodia formation in melanoma, breast and bladder cancers. Furthermore, TAO3 catalytic activity facilitated melanoma growth in 3-dimensional matrices and in vivo . We developed potent catalytic inhibitors of TAO3 that inhibited invadopodia formation and function, and tumor cell extravasation and growth. Using these inhibitors, we determined that TAO3 activity was required for endosomal trafficking of TKS5α, an obligate invadopodia scaffold protein. A phosphoproteomics screen for TAO3 substrates revealed the dynein subunit protein LIC2 as a relevant substrate. Knockdown of LIC2 or expression of a phosphomimetic form promoted invadopodia formation. Thus, TAO3 is a new therapeutic target with a distinct mechanism of action. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting tumor invasive behavior represents an understudied opportunity. We used an unbiased screening approach to identify kinases required for invadopodia formation and function. We validated TAO3, both genetically and with a novel inhibitor, and determined TAO3 function. Our data support clinical development of this class of target.
Titelbild: Solar‐Driven Incorporation of Carbon Dioxide into α‐Amino Ketones (Angew. Chem. 47/2012) (2012)

Kohlendioxid wurde in α-Aminoketone eingebaut mithilfe eines Prozesses, der aus einer Photocyclisierung unter Nutzung von Sonnenenergie und anschließendem CO2-Einbau besteht. Diese Eintopfreaktion, die M. Murakami et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 11920 ff. beschreiben, lieferte aminosubstituierte cyclische Carbonate und ist ein einfaches Modell für die chemische Nutzung von Sonnenenergie für den CO2-Einbau.
Combining Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Machine Learning for Molecular Recognition of Myocardial Infarction (2018)

Lipid profile changes in heart muscle have been previously linked to cardiac ischemia and myocardial infarction, but the spatial distribution of lipids and metabolites in ischemic heart remains to be fully investigated. We performed desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging of hearts from in vivo myocardial infarction mouse models. In these mice, myocardial ischemia was induced by blood supply restriction via a permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. We showed that applying the machine learning algorithm of gradient boosting tree ensemble to the ambient mass spectrometry imaging data allows us to distinguish segments of infarcted myocardium from normally perfused hearts on a pixel by pixel basis. The machine learning algorithm selected 62 molecular ion peaks important for classification of each 200 μm-diameter pixel of the cardiac tissue map as normally perfused or ischemic. This approach achieved very high average accuracy (97.4%), recall (95.8%), and precision (96.8%) at a spatial resolution of ∼200 μm. In addition, we determined the chemical identity of 27 species, mostly small metabolites and lipids, selected by the algorithm as the most significant for cardiac pathology classification. This molecular signature of myocardial infarction may provide new mechanistic insights into cardiac ischemia, assist with infarct size assessment, and point toward novel therapeutic interventions.
İzmir’deki ulaştırma projelerinin kentsel eğilimlere etkileri (2008)

İzmir’deki önemli ulaştırma projelerinin kentsel eğilimlere olan etkileri Delphi yöntemi&#13;\nsonuçları temel alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Delphi yöntemine göre yakınsama sağlanmış&#13;\netkiler, sonrasında daha anlamlı ve özet sonuçlar elde etmek amacıyla toplamdaki etkiler&#13;\nyöntemiyle yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Yönteme göre, mutlak toplam etkilere (MED), net&#13;\ntoplam etkilere (NED) ve en genel anlamda etki yeterlik düzeylerine bakılarak genel&#13;\nsonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. En etkili (olumlu/olumsuz yönde) projeler, bütünleştirilmiş raylı&#13;\ntoplu taşıma sistemi, mevcut İzmir limanının geliştirilmesi; en fazla etkilenen sosyoekonomik&#13;\neğilimler ise turizm sektöründeki gelişim, ekonomik gelişme, hava kirliliği ve&#13;\nözel araç kullanım oranı olarak çıkmıştır.
Characterization of the surface area and porosity of sol-gel films using saw devices. [Silicates; surface acoustic wave (SAW)] (1988)

A novel technique for accurately obtaining nitrogen adsorption isotherms on thin porous films has been developed. These isotherms are useful for characterizing the surface area and pore size distribution of porous samples. The sensitivity to adsorbed nitrogen is increased by several orders of magnitude over conventional techniques by forming the test film on the substrate of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. This device functions as a microbalance able to detect less than 100 pg of adsorbed nitrogen per cm{sup 2} of film. Surface areas and pore size distributions were calculated from adsorption isotherms obtained with this technique on silicate sol-gel films. The results are compared to those for bulk samples prepared from similar sol-gel solutions. 18 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.)
Novel monolith-type boron nitride hierarchical foams obtained through integrative chemistry (2011)

A novel class of monolith-type boron nitride hierarchical foams has been prepared through an integrative chemistry-based synthetic path. These materials contain interconnected pores in the nanometre to the micrometre range with high porosity (∼75 vol%), a specific surface area up to 300 m2 g−1 and a resistance toward mechanical stress making them suitable for innovative applications.
Recent Advances in Allergy Research Using Humanized Mice (2019)

The prevalence rates of allergic diseases are increasing worldwide, particularly in industrial countries. To date, many mouse models have been generated for allergy research; studies conducted using these models have suggested the importance of cross-talk between immune cells and tissue-resident non-immune cells in the onset of allergic diseases. However, there are several differences between the immune systems of rodents and humans, and human studies are limited. Thus, mice reconstituted with human immune cells are a novel tool for the preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of developing drugs. Genetic technologies for generating humanized mice have improved markedly in recent years. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in allergy research using humanized mice and introduce our recent humanized mouse model of airway inflammation in human immune cells.
Extrinsic Compression of the Coronary Arteries following Cardiac Trauma in Dogs (1982)

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of extrinsic coronary artery compression following nonpenetrating cardiac trauma. Direct impact on the anterior surface of the heart was produced by a blunt air-pressurized impactor in 34 open-chest anesthetized dogs. Sections from the left anterior descending coronary artery and the left circumflex coronary artery were obtained for microscopic examination from each of the 17 dogs that survived the duration of observation (90 minutes). Gross examination of the external surface of the heart showed contusions over the anterior surface and prominent extravascular hemorrhage that followed the course of the left anterior descending coronary artery, showed no contusion or extravascular bleeding. In most instances, light microscopy showed narrowing of the lumen of the left anterior descending coronary artery with concave deformation resulting from compression by blood around the vessel. The cross-sections of the circumflex coronary artery, although sometimes oblong, showed no concave deformation. These observations suggest that extrinsic compression of the coronary artery may cause coronary narrowing following nonpenetrating cardiac trauma.
A Dynamic Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method (CDFEM) for Capillary Hydrodynamics. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Functional outcomes of motor vehicle crash head injuries in pediatric and adult occupants (2016)

At-risk populations such as pediatric and older adult patients possessed higher DRMAIS values for different head injuries. Disability in pediatric patients is critical due to loss of quality life years. Disability risk can supplement severity metrics to improve the ability of such metrics to discriminate the severity of different injuries that do not lead to death. Understanding of age-related differences in injury outcomes when compared to adults could inform future age-specific modifications to the AIS.
Gradient-Based Optimization of PCFM Radar Waveforms (2020)

While a number of signal structures have been proposed for radar, frequency modulation (FM) remains the most common in practice because it is well-suited to high-power transmitters, which tend to introduce significant distortion to other waveform classes. That said, various forms of coding provide useful parameterizations for which a variety of optimization methods can be readily applied to accomplish different operational goals. To that end, the polyphase-coded FM (PCFM) implementation was previously devised as a means to bridge this gap between optimizable parameters and physically realizable waveforms. However, the original method employed to optimize PCFM waveforms involved a piecewise greedy search that, while relatively effective, was rather slow and cumbersome. Here, the continuous nature of this framework is leveraged to formulate a gradient-based optimization approach that updates all parameters simultaneously and can be efficiently performed using fast Fourier transforms, thus facilitating a general design methodology for practical waveforms that is directly extensible to myriad waveform-diverse arrangements. Results include a large number of optimization assessments to discern performance trends in aggregate and detailed analysis of specific cases, as well as both loopback and free-space experimental measurements to demonstrate practical efficacy.
Helping Behavior and Physical Attractiveness (1978)

(1978). Helping Behavior and Physical Attractiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 104, No. 2, pp. 313-314.
Automated data dependency size estimation with a partially fixed execution ordering (2000)

For data dominated applications, the system level design trajectory should first focus on finding a good data transfer and storage solution. Since no realization details are available at this level, estimates are needed to guide the designer. This paper presents an algorithm for automated estimation of strict upper and lower bounds on the individual data dependency sizes in high level application code given a partially fixed execution ordering. Previous work has either not taken execution ordering into account at all, resulting in large overestimates, or required a fully specified ordering which is usually not available at this high level. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated on representative application demonstrators.
Development of Non-Viral, Trophoblast-Specific Gene Delivery for Placental Therapy (2015)

Low birth weight is associated with both short term problems and the fetal programming of adult onset diseases, including an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Placental insufficiency leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) contributes to the prevalence of diseases with developmental origins. Currently there are no therapies for IUGR or placental insufficiency. To address this and move towards development of an in utero therapy, we employ a nanostructure delivery system complexed with the IGF-1 gene to treat the placenta. IGF-1 is a growth factor critical to achieving appropriate placental and fetal growth. Delivery of genes to a model of human trophoblast and mouse placenta was achieved using a diblock copolymer (pHPMA-b-pDMAEMA) complexed to hIGF-1 plasmid DNA under the control of trophoblast-specific promoters (Cyp19a or PLAC1). Transfection efficiency of pEGFP-C1-containing nanocarriers in BeWo cells and non-trophoblast cells was visually assessed via fluorescence microscopy. In vivo transfection and functionality was assessed by direct placental-injection into a mouse model of IUGR. Complexes formed using pHPMA-b-pDMAEMA and CYP19a-923 or PLAC1-modified plasmids induce trophoblast-selective transgene expression in vitro, and placental injection of PLAC1-hIGF-1 produces measurable RNA expression and alleviates IUGR in our mouse model, consequently representing innovative building blocks towards human placental gene therapies.
Surface microstructuring of transparent materials by laser-induced backside wet etching using excimer laser (2003)

Silica glass is an important material in optics and optoelectronics because of its outstanding properties, such as transparence in a wide wavelength range, strong damage resistance for laser irradiation, and high chemical stability. In order to develop simpler processes of micro-fabricating silica glass using a pulsed laser, we have investigated a one-step method to microfabricate a silica glass plate using laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) upon irradiation with a ns-pulsed excimer laser. Our idea of LIBWE is based on the deposition of laser energy on the surface of silica glass using ablation of a dye solution. When the dye solution was ablated upon the laser irradiation, the etching of a surface layer was performed on the silica glass. We have succeeded in the micro-fabrication of such transparent materials as silica glass, quartz, calcium fluoride, sapphire and fluorocarbon resin. The advantages of our LIBWE method are as follows, (1) a lwo laser fluence and constant etch rate, (2) microfabrication without debris and cracks formation, (3) large area irradiation with an excimer laser beam through a mask projection, (4) simple pre/post-treatment on target substrates. This is a one-step process simpler method at ambient pressure, which would be used for mass production.
Decision letter: Translation in amino-acid-poor environments is limited by tRNAGln charging (2020)

Amino acid limitation triggers preferential uncharging of glutamine-specific tRNAs and depletes polyglutamine tract-containing proteins from mammalian cells, revealing a potential role for polyglutamine tracts as sensors of glutamine sufficiency.