gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet Function (2020)

Blood platelets are anucleate 3 μm diameter cell fragments that circulate at a concentration of 3 × 108 cells per millileter in blood. The primary function of platelets resides in the hemostatic response in which the cells play an essential role in the arrest of bleeding. They perform this function by adhering to subendothelium and connective tissue exposed as a consequence of vessel injury and by adhering to each other to form aggregates that may occlude large defects. These basic reactions—aggregation, adhesion, and subsequent spreading along surfaces—appear to be mediated by at least four distinct large glycoproteins: fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, and von Willebrand's factor (VWF). Although this chapter focuses on the role of fibronectin in plate 150let function and the possible value of the platelet system as a model for understanding fibronectin interaction with and processing by other cells, we also highlight similarities and differences with the other three members of this &quot;big four.&quot;
Effects of dikegulac, a new growth regulator, on RNA syntheses in <italic>Spirodela</italic> (1977)

The effects of dikegulac sodium on plastid RNA syntheses were studied, as dikegulac induces the formation of yellow misshapen leaves. It depressed uridine incorporation into both plastid and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs of axenically cultured Spirodela (duckweed). With short labeling time (1 hr) dikegulac specifically suppressed the synthesis of a plastid 1.2 × 106 MW RNA species, as well as nonspecifically depressing incorporation. With longer labeling time (24 hr), the incorporation into mature plastid rRNAs was suppressed to a greater extent than that into cytoplasmic rRNAs. The inhibitions of uridine incorporation caused by dikegulac are probably indirect and a reflection of its effect on other growth parameters.
Nucleation of ripplocations through atomistic modeling of surface nanoindentation in graphite (2018)

It has always been assumed that basal dislocations are the main deformation micromechanism operative when layered crystalline materials are loaded in compression. Recently, the authors showed that ripplocations, small ripples in the layers, and not basal dislocations are the operative mechanism. Herein, by modeling the indentation of graphite, using atomistic methods, the authors show that the ripplocation nucleation stresses are dependent on the strain gradients engendered by the different indenter radii modeled. Furthermore, they show how the rapid alignment of ripplocations, on adjacent layers, form oppositely oriented ripplocation boundaries that quickly propagate---wavelike---away from just below the indenter. This massive strain delocalization has never been previously reported in contact mechanics where it has always been assumed that the range of influence of an indenter was roughly the size of the indenter.
1.3 µm Room Temperature Emission from InAs/GaAs Self-Assembled Quantum Dots (1999)

We have investigated the growth conditions necessary to achieve strong room temperature emission at 1.3 µm for InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) using conventional solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A relatively high substrate temperature and very low growth rate (LGR) result in long wavelength emission with a small linewidth of only 24 meV. Atomic Force Micrographs obtained from uncapped samples reveal several differences between the LGRQDs and those grown at higher growth rates. The former are larger, more uniform in size and their density is lower by a factor of about 4. LGRQDs have been incorporated in p-i-n structures and strong room temperature electroluminescence detected. The light output of the QD p-i-n diodes is found to be significantly higher than a quantum well (QW) sample at least for current densities up to 0.5 kAcm -2 .
Sum-networks from undirected graphs: Construction and capacity analysis (2014)

We consider a directed acyclic network with multiple sources and multiple terminals where each terminal is interested in decoding the sum of independent sources generated at the source nodes. We describe a procedure whereby a simple undirected graph can be used to construct such a sum-network and demonstrate an upper bound on its computation rate. Furthermore, we show sufficient conditions for the construction of a linear network code that achieves this upper bound. Our procedure allows us to construct sum-networks that have any arbitrary computation rate p/q (where p, q are non-negative integers). Our work significantly generalizes a previous approach for constructing sum-networks with arbitrary capacities. Specifically, we answer an open question in prior work by demonstrating sum-networks with significantly fewer number of sources and terminals.
Accurate transient calorimetric measurement of soft-switching losses of 10kV SiC MOSFETs (2016)

The characterization of soft-switching losses of modern high-voltage SiC MOSFETs is a difficult but necessary task in order to accurately model converter systems such as medium-voltage-connected Solid-State Transformers (SSTs), where soft-switching techniques are employed for an increased efficiency. Usually, switching losses in general are measured with the well-known double pulse method. However, in case of soft-switching loss measurements, this method is very sensitive to several effects such as probe skew and limited measurement accuracy, among others, and thus unsuitable for the characterization of fast switching high-voltage MOSFETs. This paper presents an accurate and reliable calorimetric method for the measurement of soft-switching losses using the example of 10 kV SiC MOSFETs. Finally, measured soft-switching loss curves of these 10 kV SiC MOSFETs are presented for different DC-link voltages, currents and gate resistors.
What Should Secondary Users Do Upon Incumbents' Return? (2013)

In a cognitive radio network (CRN), secondary users (SUs) opportunistically utilize idle licensed spectrum bands. We address the natural questions that arise when the incumbents or primary users (PUs) return to the channel the SUs are using opportunistically. Instead of immediately switching to another idle channel as proposed in almost all existing approaches, the SUs may opt to wait silently in their current channel until the PUs depart. This option would be beneficial to the SUs if the returned PUs stay at the channel only for a short period of time and the SUs' channel-switching incurs a non-negligible overhead. We determine how long the SUs should wait in their current channel before switching to a new idle channel. The SUs should also occasionally sense those (called em out-of-band) channels currently not in use for sensing the availability of spectrum opportunities. We propose an efficient, adaptive spectrum-sensing technique to detect when a busy out-of-band channel becomes idle. We also present a spectrum-management architecture that integrates the SUs' strategies and facilitates fast discovery of spectrum opportunities.
Preferential nanoreinforcement of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers with dispersed nano-clay (2005)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Comparative gastric motility study of EnterraTM Therapy and neural gastric electrical stimulation in an acute canine model (2010)

Enterra Therapy is capable of producing gastric contractions under 'maximum' parameters and transverse electrode configuration. Neural gastrointestinal electrical stimulation produces stronger, lumen-occluding contractions under a wider range of electrode configurations and parameters.
A High-Capacity Separable Reversible Method for Hiding Multiple Messages in Encrypted Images (2016)

This work proposes a high-capacity scheme for separable reversible data hiding in encrypted images. At the sender side, the original uncompressed image is encrypted using an encryption key. One or several data hiders use the MSB of some image pixels to hide additional data. Given the encrypted image containing this additional data, with only one of those data hiding keys, the receiver can extract the corresponding embedded data, although the image content will remain inaccessible. With all of the embedding keys, the receiver can extract all of the embedded data. Finally, with the encryption key, the receiver can decrypt the received data and reconstruct the original image perfectly\ignore{ without the data embedding key(s) }by exploiting the spatial correlation of natural images. Based on the proposed method a receiver could recover the original image perfectly even when it does not have the data embedding key(s) and the embedding rate is high.
Clinical review of midtrimester amniocentesis (2005)

October 2001 in Kangdong Sacred Hospital, Hallym University. We analyzed the indications, distributions of maternal and gestational age, chromosomal results, and of which accorded to indications of cytogenetic studies. Results : The indications of amniocentesis were abnormal maternal serum screening (46.2%), advanced maternal age (35: 44.8%), abnormal ultrasonographic findings (5.9%), familial history of fetal anomaly (2.8%) and previous history of fetal chromosomal abnormalities (0.3%), in order. The overall incidence of chromosomal aberration was 3.6% (24/674), which were composed of 18 cases of numerical aberrations and 6 cases of structural aberrations. In autosomal aberrations, there were 7 cases of Down's syndrome, 6 cases of Edward syndrome, 1 case of Patau syndrome and 3 cases of Mosaicism. In sex chromosomal aberration, there was a case of Turner syndrome. In chromosomal aberrations according to indications, there was 7.5% (3/40) of chromosomal abnormalities in abnormal ultrasonographic findings group, 3.2% (10/311) in abnormal maternal serum screening group and 3.0% (9/302) in advanced maternal age group. There was statistical significance only in abnormal ultrasonographic findings group. There was no significant complication after amniocentesis except 0.3% (2 cases) of fetal loss. Conclusion : Maternal serum screening, advanced maternal age and antenatal ultrasonograms should be important screening methods for amniocentesis which is considered to the most effective diagnostic procedure for prenatal cytogenetic studies. The karyotyping analysis of midtrimester amniocentesis is efficacious method for evaluation of chromosomal aberrations and genetic counselling for parents.
Fanconi Anemia Pathway Activation by FOXM1 is Critical to Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Anticancer Drug Resistance (2020)

Although the 5-year survival rate of patients diagnosed with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has reached 85%, more than 50% of patients suffer from frequent recurrences. To identify molecular targets associated with recurrence of NMIBC, we analyzed gene expression data and found that FOXM1 and FANCD2 were involved in recurrence. Therefore, we investigated how these genes were involved in the mechanism of recurrence and confirmed their usefulness as biomarkers. Investigation have shown that FOXM1 directly regulated the transcription of FANCD2, which is the key gene of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. Depletion of FOXM1 resulted in DNA repair defects in the FA pathway and in decreased resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the FANCD2-associated FA pathway activated by FOXM1 is an important mechanism involved in chemotherapy-related recurrence. In conclusion, FOXM1 and FANCD2 can be used as prognostic factors that are associated with high risk of recurrence and with anticancer drug resistance properties in NMIBC patients.
Comparison of shear velocity dispersion in viscoelastic phantoms measured by ultrasound-based shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance elastography (2017)

Pathological processes in soft tissues cause changes in mechanical properties. Elastography methods have emerged to make quantitative measurements of the shear modulus or shear wave velocity (SWV) as a noninvasive way to provide diagnostic information. In an effort to standardize ultrasound-based measurements of SWV, the Radiological Society of North America Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (RSNA QIBA) has established working groups to develop profiles for different biomarkers including the use of SWS for staging of patients with liver fibrosis. To understand how ultrasound-based measurements vary with tissue viscoelasticity, measurements were made in viscoelastic phantoms with ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (US-SWE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) over a wide frequency range. Three different viscoelastic phantoms were tested with US-SWE and MRE and analysis was considered over a range of frequencies (60-600 Hz). MRE was performed with an electro-mechanical driver driven with continuous vibration at various frequencies. Shear wave motion was measured with a phase-sensitive pulse sequence and the complex modulus and SWS at each frequency was estimated. The SWV in each phantom were fit with a power-law. US-SWE was performed with a Verasonics system and curved array transducer. An acoustic radiation force push of 800 μs was focused at 30, 45, and 70 mm and shear wave motion was measured and two-dimensional Fourier analysis was used to measure SWS dispersion. The agreement was generally good and the percent differences for a focal depth of 45 mm ranged from -6.35-11.99% over the range of 60-300 Hz. The results for a focal depth of 30 mm had percent differences ranging from -4.37-12.17% from 60-300 Hz, and for a focal depth of 70 mm -1.05-16.46% from 80-200 Hz. The percent differences were typically above 15% at frequencies of 400-600 Hz. These measurements showed very good agreement between US-SWE and MRE methods in viscoelastic phantoms as MRE is being considered as a QIBA reference standard for US-SWE methods for liver SWE measurements.
Comments on ‘Simple formulas for SIMO and MISO ergodic capacities’ (2012)

A recently published Letter rediscovers a simple closed-form expression for the ergodic capacity integral when the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) follows the gamma distribution with an integer shape parameter, i.e. the Erlang distribution. In this Comment, a few earlier references for the exactly same expression are pointed out and a precision problem is discussed, overlooked by the original Letter, affecting the direct application of the proposed formulas.
STRUCTURE AND FORMATION MECHANISMS OF GERMANIUM NITRIDE-OXYNITRIDE FILMS ON SINGLE CRYSTAL GERMANIUM. (1984)

The formation of passivating insulators on semiconductor surfaces is an integral part of the current technology used in the fabrication of planar devices. Therefore, the formation of native insulators on alternative semiconductors such as germanium is of considerable interest. Stable oxide films were thermally grown on single crystal germanium at relatively low temperatures via high pressure oxidation. These very dense and uniform layers were subsequently nitrided in flowing ammonia at 450 degree C-700 degree C. The resulting nitrided films exhibited several different growth morphologies that were sensitive to gas flow rate, temperature and nitriding gas composition. Based on a detailed microstructural analysis, a mechanism for the nitridation of germanium oxide films is proposed.
A Combinatorial Synthesis Approach for Agrochemical Lead Discovery (2004)

Combinatorial chemistry was used as a tool for delivering 10 diverse libraries as one approach for increasing the number of compounds with desirable properties entering in vivo HTS screens. The libraries consisted of polar, weak acids - materials whose physical properties are known to confer phloem mobility, a desirable attribute for reliable herbicidal activity. Part of this effort was focused towards the preparation of a series of libraries based on pyridine carboxylic acids. Details of preparation of one such library of 5,6-disubstituted nicotinic acids are described. The screening inputs prepared using this targeted, attribute-driven combinatorial chemistry approach provided a nearly 5-fold higher pass rate than randomly selected inputs. Hits from three of these libraries showed sufficient levels of activity in higher level testing to warrant further synthesis.
CMOS POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN DEDICATED TO UMTS (3G) APPLICATIONS IN 65 nm TECHNOLOGY (2010)

This paper deals with the challenges of designing and implementing a Power Amplifier (PA) dedicated to 3G applications in a CMOS 65 nm technology. High linearity and high power applications impose several bottlenecks from the layout point of view. The difficulties are increased by the use of a low cost technology. Reduce the size of the circuit while increasing the power leads to think of a different layout topology. The PAE (Power Added Efficiency) in this type of application is generally low, making the thermal effect, even more critical. The layout will be used as an example to highlight the compromises that have been made along the process. Thanks to a new PA structure and a very carefully layout, this CMOS power amplifier provides a 31 dBm maximal output power with a PAE of 25% at 1.95 GHz.
Scene Synchronization for Real-Time Interaction in Distributed Mixed Reality and Virtual Reality Environments (2004)

Advances in computer networks and rendering systems facilitate the creation of distributed collaborative environments in which the distribution of information at remote locations allows efficient communication. One of the challenges in networked virtual environments is maintaining a consistent view of the shared state in the presence of inevitable network latency and jitter. A consistent view in a shared scene may significantly increase the sense of presence among participants and facilitate their interactivity. The dynamic shared state is directly affected by the frequency of actions applied on the objects in the scene. Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) environments contain several types of action producers including human users, a wide range of electronic motion sensors, and haptic devices. In this paper, we propose a novel criterion for categorization of distributed MR/VR systems and present an adaptive synchronization algorithm for distributed MR/VR collaborative environments. In spite of significant network latency, results show that for low levels of update frequencies the dynamic shared state can be kept consistent at multiple remotely located sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of a Synthon (V) for the A‐Ring of Taxol from R‐(+)‐Verbenone. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characteristics of Lung Cancers Harboring NRAS Mutations (2013)

NRAS mutations define a distinct subset of lung cancers (∼1%) with potential sensitivity to MEK inhibitors. Although NRAS mutations are more common in current/former smokers, the types of mutations are not those classically associated with smoking.
Study on the Multi-Feed Method to improve the On-Edge Fields of the DC Power-Bus by a Fast Calculation Technique (2006)

This paper conducts a study on the multi-feed scheme to enhance the PCB power-bus' noise properties. For efficient analysis, a fast single-sum is derived to calculate the impedance and fields. A 2-feed system with in-phase and out-of-phased currents is examined about lowering the on-edge magnetic currents as well as impedance which is compared to other numerical simulation
A 1.9 mW 250 MHz Bandwidth Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulator for Ultra-Wideband Applications (2018)

This paper proposes an architecture design approach for a wideband continuous-time (CT) ΣΔ modulator with ultra-low oversampling ratio (OSR). The ultra-low OSR is beneficial in terms of power consumption for both the clock distribution network and the subsequent decimation filter. In this work, three signal feedforward paths and an additional feedback path are used to reduce the power consumption. Extensive system-level simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. Furthermore, this work verifies the proposed methods by transistor-level design and simulations of a 2 GHz 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order CT ΣΔ modulator achieving an SNDR of 46 dB in a signal band of 250 MHz while consuming only 1.91 mW of power in 40 nm CMOS. The proposed solutions enable CT ΣΔ modulators for low power ultra-wideband (UWB) applications.
Interaction-Based Trajectory Prediction Over a Hybrid Traffic Graph (2020)

Behavior prediction of traffic actors is an essential component of any real-world self-driving system. Actors' long-term behaviors tend to be governed by their interactions with other actors or traffic elements (traffic lights, stop signs) in the scene. To capture this highly complex structure of interactions, we propose to use a hybrid graph whose nodes represent both the traffic actors as well as the static and dynamic traffic elements present in the scene. The different modes of temporal interaction (e.g., stopping and going) among actors and traffic elements are explicitly modeled by graph edges. This explicit reasoning about discrete interaction types not only helps in predicting future motion, but also enhances the interpretability of the model, which is important for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving. We predict actors' trajectories and interaction types using a graph neural network, which is trained in a semi-supervised manner. We show that our proposed model, TrafficGraphNet, achieves state-of-the-art trajectory prediction accuracy while maintaining a high level of interpretability.
Performance, Resolving Power, and Radial Ion Distributions of a Prototype Nanoelectrospray Ionization Resistive Glass Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Spectrometer (2007)

In this article, we describe and characterize a novel ion mobility spectrometer constructed with monolithic resistive glass desolvation and drift regions. This instrument is equipped with switchable corona discharge and nanoelectrospray ionization sources and a Faraday plate detector. Following description of the instrument, pulsing electronics, and data acquisition system, we examine the effects of drift gas flow rate and temperature, and of the aperture grid to anode distance on the observed resolving power and sensitivity. Once optimum experimental parameters are identified, different ion gate pulse lengths, and their effect on the temporal spread of the ion packet were investigated. Resolving power ranged from an average value of 50 ms/ms for a 400-micros ion gate pulse, up to an average value of 68 ms/ms for a 100-micros ion gate pulse, and a 26-cm drift tube operated at 383 V cm(-1). Following these experiments, the radial distribution of ions in the drift region of the spectrometer was studied by using anodes of varying sizes, showing that the highest ionic density was located at the center of the drift tube. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of this instrument to the study of small molecules of environmental relevance by analyzing a commercially available siderophore, deferoxamine mesylate, in both the free ligand and Fe-bound forms. Ion mobility experiments showed a dramatic shift to shorter drift times caused by conformational changes upon metal binding, in agreement with previous reversed-phase liquid chromatography observations.