gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Ambient MS Imaging of Biological Samples by Desorption Electro-Flow Focussing Ionization (2022)

In this study, we examine the suitability of desorption electro-flow focusing ionization (DEFFI) for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of biological tissue. We also compare the performance of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) with and without the flow focusing setup. The main potential advantages of applying the flow focusing mechanism in DESI is its rotationally symmetric electrospray jet, higher intensity, more controllable parameters, and better portability due to the robustness of the sprayer. The parameters for DEFFI have therefore been thoroughly optimized, primarily for spatial resolution but also for intensity. Once the parameters have been optimized, DEFFI produces similar images to the existing DESI. MS images for mouse brain samples, acquired at a nominal pixel size of 50 μm, are comparable for both DESI setups, albeit the new sprayer design yields better sensitivity. Furthermore, the two methods are compared with regard to spectral intensity as well as the area of the desorbed crater on rhodamine-coated slides. Overall, the implementation of a flow focusing mechanism in DESI is shown to be highly suitable for imaging biological tissue and has potential to overcome some of the shortcomings experienced with the current geometrical design of DESI.
Encapsulated gadolinium and dysprosium ions within ultra‐short carbon nanotubes for MR microscopy at 11.75 and 21.1 T (2014)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have gained interest for their biocompatibility and multifunctional properties. Ultra-short SWNTs (US-tubes) have demonstrated high proton relaxivity when encapsulating gadolinium ions (Gd(3+)) at clinical field strengths. At higher field strengths, however, Gd(3+) ions demonstrate decreased proton relaxation properties while chemically similar dysprosium ions (Dy(3+)) improve relaxation properties. This report investigates the first use of Gd(3+) and Dy(3+) ions within US-tubes (GNTs and DNTs, respectively) at ultra-high magnetic field (21.1 T). Both agents are compared in solution and as an intracellular contrast agent labeling a murine microglia cell line (Bv2) immobilized in a tissue-mimicking agarose phantom using two high magnetic fields: 21.1 and 11.75 T. In solution at 21.1 T, results show excellent transverse relaxation; DNTs outperformed GNTs as a T(2) agent with measured r(2)/r(1) ratios of 247 and 47, respectively. Additionally, intracellular DNTs were shown to be a better T(2) agent than GNTs with higher contrast percentages and contrast-to-noise ratios. As such, this study demonstrates the potential of DNTs at high magnetic fields for cellular labeling and future in vivo, MRI-based cell tracking.
CD14hi equine monocytes are preferential initial targets for infection with equine arteritis virus (IRC4P.615) (2015)

Abstract Equine arteritis virus (EAV), the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA) in horses, is distributed worldwide with clinical signs including an influenza-like illness in adult horses, abortion in pregnant mares, interstitial pneumonia in neonatal foals and persistent infection in genetically predisposed stallions. EAV is a small,enveloped virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome and primarily infects epithelial and endothelial cells, plus unidentified subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages. The primary objective of this study was to identify the susceptible CD14+ monocyte subpopulation using a synthetic recombinant virus expressing mCherry derived from the prototypical virulent Bucyrus stain (VBS) of EAV. The recombinant virus had identical tropism to parental VBS supporting its use as a surrogate for EAV infection. Multi-color flow cytometric analysis showed that a minor population of CD14hi cells were preferentially infected by EAV at 12 h post infection (hpi), whereas by 36 hpi (three virus replication cycles) almost all infected monocytes were CD14lo. However, this CD14lo population was also characterized by expression of CXCL16, a molecule implicated in the establishment of persistent EAV infections in stallions. CXCL16 expression was not detected in CD14hi infected monocytes at 12 hpi. Work is in progress to determine the eventual differentiation status of CD14hi/CXCL16- and CD14lo/ CXCL16+monocyte populations in terms of M1/M2 polarization.
Multilayered graphene anode for blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (2012)

In this work, we report on blue organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), which have multilayered graphene as its anode. Our graphene films have been grown catalytically and transferred to the support. The fabricated blue OLEDs with graphene anode showed outstanding external quantum efficiency of 15.6% and power efficiency of 24.1 lm/W at 1000 cd/m2. Weak oxygen plasma treatments on graphene film surfaces improved the injection property between the anode and hole injection layer.
ChemInform Abstract: A General, Practical Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides and Bromides. (2014)

Abstract This is a versatile method for the preparation of aryl and heteroaryl nitriles from the respective chlorides or bromides in good yields.
Measurement of the photon polarization in Λb0→Λγ decays (2022)

The photon polarization in $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions is measured for the first time in radiative $b$ -baryon decays exploiting the unique spin structure of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used. The photon polarization is measured to be ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=0.8{2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.26\ensuremath{-}0.13}^{+0.17+0.04}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and previous measurements in $b$ -meson decays. Charge-parity breaking effects are studied for the first time in this observable and found to be consistent with $CP$ symmetry.
A Pilot to Enhance the Recovery Orientation of Assertive Community Treatment Through Peer-Provided Illness Management and Recovery (2009)

Assertive community treatment (ACT) is widely regarded as an evidence-based practice (Bond, Drake, Mueser, & Latimer, 2001 Bond , G. R. , Drake , R. E. , Mueser , K. T. , & Latimer , E. ( 2001 ). Assertive community treatment for people with severe mental illness: Critical ingredients and impact on patients . Disease Management & Health Outcomes , 9 , 141 – 159 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]); however, observers have questioned the recovery orientation of the model. As an organizational model of service delivery, the recovery orientation of ACT can be improved through the integration of other, more clinically defined evidence-based practices. We present findings from an uncontrolled, 9-month pilot study in which a peer specialist was trained to provide illness management and recovery (IMR) on a well-established ACT team. This pilot included both quantitative measures of knowledge and recovery beliefs, and a qualitative interview with consumers (N = 14) and providers (N = 16). Consumer perceptions of recovery significantly improved, and there was a trend toward increased knowledge. In interviews, consumers and staff reported many benefits of IMR, including an increase in consumers' trying new things, being involved in more meaningful activities, and greater hope (for consumers and staff). The integration of IMR onto ACT with a peer specialist shows promise as a useful way to improve consumer recovery outcomes and increase the recovery orientation of ACT.
Regioselctive germyl–stannylation of α,β-acetylenic esters (1987)

Palladium(0)-catalysed addition of Bun3SnGeMe3 to α,β-acetylenic esters (1a–f) affords predominantly the (E)-2-tri-n-butylstannyl-3-trimethylgermylalk-2-enoates (2a–f), which serve as effective precursors of synthetically useful, stereochemically defined, tetrasubstituted alkenes.
Suitable electrospinning approaches for recombinant spider silk proteins (2023)

Among the versatile opportunities of processing recombinant spider silk proteins into coatings, hydrogels, particles, fibrils and foams, electrospinning provides a further highly important morphology: submicron- and nanofibers. These fibers display a high surface-to-volume ratio, which, in combination with the silk's biocompatibility, flexibility and functionality allows various applications including drug-delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings as well as particle filtration from liquid or gas. Based on the chosen application, individual spider silk proteins can be spun out of a choice of solvents using different spinning techniques in order to achieve the desired properties of the fibers. In this perspective article so far used electrospinning solvents, techniques and collectors are displayed and brought into context with their possible application.
Rational Design of Acridine-Based Ligands with Selectivity for Human Telomeric Quadruplexes (2010)

Structure-based modeling methods have been used to design a series of disubstituted triazole-linked acridine compounds with selectivity for human telomeric quadruplex DNAs. A focused library of these compounds was prepared using click chemistry and the selectivity concept was validated against two promoter quadruplexes from the c-kit gene with known molecular structures, as well as with duplex DNA using a FRET-based melting method. Lead compounds were found to have reduced effects on the thermal stability of the c-kit quadruplexes and duplex DNA structures. These effects were further explored with a series of competition experiments, which confirmed that binding to duplex DNA is very low even at high duplex:telomeric quadruplex ratios. Selectivity to the c-kit quadruplexes is more complex, with some evidence of their stabilization at increasing excess over human telomeric quadruplex DNA. Selectivity is a result of the dimensions of the triazole-acridine compounds, and in particular the separation of the two alkyl-amino terminal groups. Both lead compounds also have selective inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cancer cell lines compared to a normal cell line, and one has been shown to inhibit the activity of the telomerase enzyme, which is selectively expressed in tumor cells, where it plays a role in maintaining telomere integrity and cellular immortalization.
Defective autophagy in spastizin mutated patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis type 15 (2013)

Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 15 is a recessive complicated form of the disease clinically characterized by slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and mental deterioration with onset between the first and second decade of life. Thinning of corpus callosum is the neuroradiological distinctive sign frequently associated with white matter abnormalities. The causative gene, ZFYVE26, encodes a large protein of 2539 amino acid residues, termed spastizin, containing three recognizable domains: a zinc finger, a leucine zipper and a FYVE domain. Spastizin protein has a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution and co-localizes partially with early endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules and vesicles involved in protein trafficking. In addition, spastizin localizes to the mid-body during the final step of mitosis and contributes to successful cytokinesis. Spastizin interacts with Beclin 1, a protein required for cytokinesis and autophagy, which is the major lysosome-mediated degradation process in the cell. In view of the Beclin 1-spastizin interaction, we investigated the possible role of spastizin in autophagy. We carried out this analysis by using lymphoblast and fibroblast cells derived from four different spastizin mutated patients (p.I508N, p.L243P, p.R1209fsX, p.S1312X) and from control subjects. Of note, the truncating p.R1209fsX and p.S1312X mutations lead to loss of spastizin protein. The results obtained indicate that spastizin interacts with the autophagy related Beclin 1-UVRAG-Rubicon multiprotein complex and is required for autophagosome maturation. In cells lacking spastizin or with mutated forms of the protein, spastizin interaction with Beclin 1 is lost although the formation of the Beclin 1-UVRAG-Rubicon complex can still be observed. However, in these cells we demonstrate an impairment of autophagosome maturation and an accumulation of immature autophagosomes. Autophagy defects with autophagosome accumulation can be observed also in neuronal cells upon spastizin silencing. These results indicate that autophagy is a central process in the pathogenesis of complicated forms of hereditary spastic paraparesis with thin corpus callosum.
The Nerve Growth Factor Receptor on PC 12 Cells: Interconversion Between Two Forms with Different Binding Properties (1983)

PC12 cells possess two classes of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors on their surfaces which can be distinguished by kinetic criteria. The majority class binds and releases 125I-NGF at a relatively rapid rate and has been called fast. The second class of receptors has been called slow because of relatively slower rates of binding and release of 125I-NGF, and also may be distinguished from fast receptors by their cytoskeletal association and resistance to trypsin. PC12 cell plasma membranes were prepared and shown to have only the fast class of receptors. These membranes were fused to receptorless 3T3 cells with polyethylene glycol. The resultant fused cells were shown to possess NGF receptors, essentially all of which behave like slow receptors. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the introduction of PC12 cell membrane and NGF receptors into 3T3 cells. Results obtained with C10-2, a monoclonal antibody specific for a major PC12 cell-surface antigen. show that up to 90% of 3T3 cells receive PC12 membrane and that the PC12 membrane becomes integrally incorporated into the 3T3 cell plasma membrane. It is suggested that an association of receptors with cytoskeleton may be involved in the conversion of fast to slow receptor behavior, and that the differing proportion of fast and slow NGF receptors in PC12 and 3T3 cells reflects the differing cytoskeletal organization of these cells.
Detection of SF6 decomposition products generated by DC corona discharge using a carbon nanotube gas sensor (2012)

This paper describes application of carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensor to detection of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> decomposition products generated by positive or negative DC corona discharge. The present authors have demonstrated CNT gas sensor-based partial discharge (PD) detection, aiming to develop a new diagnosis method of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) filled with high pressure SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas. In our previous studies, PD was generated by ac high voltage because most of GIS are designed and operated for conventional high voltage ac (HVAC) power transmission lines. In recent years, however, the electrical power industry has shown a trend shifting from HVAC to high voltage dc (HVDC) power transmission, which has many advantages such as higher power capacity and lower power loss. This technological trend motivated us to explore and expand the application of CNT gas sensor to detection of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> decomposition products generated by dc corona discharges. It was found that the CNT gas sensor exhibited significant response to dc corona discharge depending on the voltage polarity. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the polarity effect, SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> decomposition products were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as using a gas detection tube. Based on comparison between the polarity effects on the CNT sensor response and the decomposition products, a possible contribution of HF to the CNT gas sensor response was suggested.
Gender Differences in Hemodynamic Responses to Endothelin-1 (2000)

We investigated whether gender affects the pressor and constrictor effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in anesthetized rats. Baseline values for arterial blood pressure (mmHg) and hindquarter resistance (HQR, mmHg/ml/min/100 g), respectively, were similar in male (96.0 +/- 3.1 and 13.9 +/- 0.6) and female (103.1 +/- 5.6 and 12.8 +/- 2.3) rats. ET-1 (1 and 3 microg/kg) produced rapid and transient falls in arterial blood pressure and HQR, followed by long-lasting increases in blood pressure and HQR. The initial ET-1-induced hypotension and vasodilation were similar in both groups. However, the pressor and hindquarter vasoconstrictor effects were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in male than female rats. Thus, the increases in blood pressure and HQR to ET-1 (3 microg/kg) were attenuated in female (+15.3 +/- 3.4 mmHg and +3.7 +/- 1.6 mmHg/ml/min/100 g) compared to male (+24.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg and +8.0 +/- 1.6 mmHg/ml/ min/100 g) rats. These results indicate that there is a gender difference in the vasoconstrictor, but not the vasodilator effects of ET-1. We suggest that the lower ET-1-induced hypertension and hindlimb vasoconstrictions observed in female rats may be responsible for the lower risk of developing coronary heart disease in premenopausal women.
Design Criteria (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Properties of Combinatorial Libraries for Drug Development Differentiation of Drug-like and Nondrug-like Compounds Diversity in Combinatorial Chemistry for Drug Development Introduction Descriptors Selection Algorithms Diversity Assessment Privileged Structures Introduction Further Examples of Privileged Structural Motifs Substructure Analysis of Drugs Conclusion References
Nonoperative Treatments for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Evaluation of Treatment Characteristics and the Intra-Articular Placebo Effect (2018)

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optimizing feature selection across a multimodality database in computerized classification of breast lesions (2002)

Linear step-wise feature selection is performed for computerized analysis methods on a set of mammography features using a database of mammography cases, a set of ultrasound features using a database of ultrasound cases, and a set of mammography and sonography features using a multi- modality database of lesions with both mammograms and sonograms. The large mammography and sonography databases were randomly split 20 times into three subdatabases for feature selection, classifier training and independent validation. The average validation Az value over the 20 random splits for the mammography database was 0.82 +/- 0.04 and for the sonography database was 0.85 +/- 0.03. The average consistency feature selection A<SUB>z</SUB> value for the mammography and sonography databases were 0.87 +/- 0.02 and 0.88 +/- 0.02, respectively. For the multi-modality database, the consistency feature selection A<SUB>z</SUB> value was 0.93.
Stacking faults in perpendicular media; the relationship to anisotropy dispersion (2006)

This paper investigates the effect of stacking faults in CoPt media using a simple model based on empirical characterization of micromagnetic calculations. The presence of stacking faults give rise to a reduction of the effective value of HK via the introduction of local fcc planes. The analysis shows that the statistical distribution of the fcc planes among the grains can give a significant contribution to the width of the effective HK dispersion.
Abstract 17380: Nanoparticles-Mediated Delivery of Pioglitazone Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Antagonizing Monocyte-mediated Inflammation in Mice and Mini Pigs (2014)

Background: Monocyte-mediated inflammation is a major mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that hampers reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI); however, no anti-inflammatory therapy has been developed in clinical settings. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist, has unique anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes. Here we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle-mediated targeting of pioglitazone into IR heart ameliorates IR injury in preclinical animal models.

Methods and Results: We formulated poly(lactic acid/glycolic acid) nanoparticle containing pioglitazone (Pio-NP) and a fluorescence marker FITC (FITC-NP). In a mouse model of myocardial IR injury, intravenous administration of FITC-NP at the time of reperfusion yielded significantly higher FITC signals in the IR myocardium and in monocytes in the circulating blood IR heart. Intravenous treatment with Pio-NPs containing ≥0.1 mg/kg of pioglitazone at the time of reperfusion reduced IR injury, which was canceled by the pretreatment with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (Fig. A). In contrast, pioglitazone solution at doses up to 3.0 mg/kg showed no therapeutic effects (Fig. A). Pio-NP, but not control nanoparticles, inhibited the recruitment of Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes into IR heart (Fig. B). Fluorescence molecular tomography for cathepsin B supported anti-inflammatory effects of Pio-NP in the IR heart (Fig. C). Pio-NP showed no therapeutic effects in mice lacking CCR2 (a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). In a conscious mini-pig model of myocardial IR injury, Pio-NP induced cardioprotection from IR injury, indicating the pre-clinical proof of concept.

Conclusion: Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of pioglitazone into cardiomyocytes and inflammatory monocytes in IR heart can be developed as a novel modality that offers organ protection by antagonizing monocyte-mediated inflammation in acute MI.

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Nitric Oxide Inhibits Fas-induced Apoptosis (1997)

The Fas antigen (CD95, APO-1) is a transmembrane cell surface receptor that mediates apoptosis of many cell types when bound by Fas ligand or cross-linked by agonist antibody. The cellular factors regulating Fas-induced apoptosis have not been well defined. Here we show that basal nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) activity in human leukocytes inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis via a cGMP-independent mechanism. Further, NOS inhibits Fas-induced cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. These data suggest that Fas activity is under the control of the NO signaling pathway. NOS regulating the function of this member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family suggests a new role for nitric oxide (or related molecules) in the human immune response.
Energy minimization with guaranteed quality of service (2000)

Quality of service (QoS) is one of the key features for new Internet-based multimedia and other applications. Meanwhile, energy remains as a big concern for systems that perform such applications. We address the issue of combining system design concerns and QoS requirements to design systems that can deliver QoS guarantees. In this paper, we discuss how to satisfy QoS requirements and minimize the system's energy consumption. Specifically, we consider the following problem: given a set of applications each specifying its required amount of computation and service time, how we allocate CPU time and determine the voltage profile on a variable voltage system, such that all the applications' requirements are satisfied and the system's total energy consumption is minimized. We optimally solve several basic cases and propose a dynamic programming procedure for the general case. Simulation shows that the new approach saves 38.75% energy over the system shut-down technique.