gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of Exciton Diffusion in a Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductor Processed With and Without Additive (2015)

The temperature dependence of exciton diffusion in a small-molecule organic semiconductor processed with and without additive is investigated. As-cast and 1,8-diiodooctane-processed films yield exciton diffusion lengths of 6.8 and 4.9 nm, respectively. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, it is shown that processing with 1,8-diiodooctane increases the excitonic trap density, which directly reduces the exciton diffusion length.
Experimental and theoretical study of bulk light scattering in CaF2 monocrystals (2005)

A variety of different types of light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, Raman, and Mie scatterings), which may contribute to the transmission losses in the bulk of high-quality CaF2 monocrystals, have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The angular distribution of Rayleigh and Mie scatterings in the visible spectral range has been measured using an imaging technique. An effective technique for scattering measurements in the uv spectral range has also been implemented. Measurement of Raman scattering has shown that its contribution to the total scattering loss is negligible. In order to estimate the scattering from thermal fluctuations versus that from crystalline defects, a measurement of the temperature dependence of the scattering at the scattering angle of 90° has been performed. It has been shown that scatterings from thermal fluctuations and defects are of the same order of magnitude. Taking into account the dependence of the Brillouin scattering on the direction of the incident beam relative to crystalline axes, an upper limit of scattering loss due to thermal fluctuation in the perfect crystal has been evaluated theoretically. At 193nm this limit appeared to be 2.6×10−5cm−1, which is about two orders of magnitude less than the scattering loss in fused silica. Measured values of Rayleigh and Mie scatterings are in reasonable agreement with theoretical evaluation. Scattering measured in high-quality samples are comparable with the scattering calculated from thermodynamic fluctuations, indicating that the transmission of these samples is approaching the theoretical limit.
Three-Dimensional Volumetric Measurement of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Meniere's Disease (2021)

<b>Objective:</b> We used volumetric three-dimensional (3D) analysis to quantitatively evaluate the extent of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the entire inner ear. We tested for correlations between the planimetric and volumetric measurements, to identify their advantages and disadvantages. <b>Methods:</b> HYDROPS2-Mi2 EH images were acquired for 32 ears (16 patients): 16 ipsilateral ears of MD patients (MD-ears) and 16 contralateral ears. Three-T MR unit with a 32-channel phased-array coil/the contrast agent to fill the perilymphatic space and the HYDROPS2-Mi2 sequence. We calculated the EH% [(endolymph)/(endolymph+perilymph)] ratio and analyzed the entire inner ear in terms of the volumetric EH% value, but only single cochlear and vestibular slices were subjected to planimetric EH% evaluation. The EH% values were compared between MD ears and non-MD ears, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods. <b>Results:</b> The volumetric EH% was significantly higher for MD vestibules (50.76 ± 13.78%) than non-MD vestibules (39.50 ± 8.99%). The planimetric EH% was also significantly higher for MD vestibules (61.98 ± 20.65%) than non-MD vestibules (37.22 ± 12.95%). The vestibular and cochlear volumetric EH% values correlated significantly with the planimetric EH% values of the MD ear. <b>Conclusion:</b> Volumetric and planimetric EH measurements facilitate diagnosis of MD ears compared to non-MD ears. Both methods seem to be reliable and consistent; the measurements were significantly correlated in this study. However, the planimetric EH% overestimates the extent of vestibular hydrops by 26.26%. Also, planimetric data may not correlate with volumetric data for non-MD cochleae with normal EH% values.
Virulence of Marburg Virus Angola Compared to Mt. Elgon (Musoke) in Macaques: A Pooled Survival Analysis (2018)

Angola variant (MARV/Ang) has replaced Mt. Elgon variant Musoke isolate (MARV/MtE-Mus) as the consensus standard variant for Marburg virus research and is regarded as causing a more aggressive phenotype of disease in animal models; however, there is a dearth of published evidence supporting the higher virulence of MARV/Ang. In this retrospective study, we used data pooled from eight separate studies in nonhuman primates experimentally exposed with either 1000 pfu intramuscular (IM) MARV/Ang or MARV/MtE-Mus between 2012 and 2017 at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of variant type with time to death, the development of anorexia, rash, viremia, and 10 select clinical laboratory values. A total of 47 cynomolgus monkeys were included, of which 18 were exposed to MARV/Ang in three separate studies and 29 to MARV/MtE-Mus in five studies. Following universally fatal Marburg virus exposure, compared to MARV/MtE-Mus, MARV/Ang was associated with an increased risk of death (HR = 22.10; 95% CI: 7.08, 68.93), rash (HR = 5.87; 95% CI: 2.76, 12.51) and loss of appetite (HR = 35.10; 95% CI: 7.60, 162.18). Our data demonstrate an increased virulence of MARV/Ang compared to MARV/MtE-Mus variant in the 1000 pfu IM cynomolgus macaque model.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Tumor-Associated Hyaluronan Limits Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PEGPH20 treatment does not alter NK cell effector function or antibody binding to HER2 on HA&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; SKOV3/HAS2 cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
Li-ion pouch cell and a cell module (2023)

The present invention provides a Li-ion pouch cell wherein the Li-ion pouch cells comprise a sealed enclosure, electrode stack and thermally conductive elements, wherein the electrode stack and the thermally conductive elements are in the sealed enclosure, the thermally conductive elements include extensions which extend beyond the electrode stack, the sealed enclosure has thermal conductivity, the thermally conductive elements provide a thermally conductive pathway connecting the electrode stack and the sealed enclosure by way of the extension. The present invention also provides a cell module comprising the Li-ion pouch cells. The Li-ion pouch cell and the cell module according to the present application could minimize differences in cell temperature, monitor internal cell temperature, cool the cell rapidly, increase cell and module safety, allowing for minimal impact on cell energy density, performance or life and difficulty of manufacturing.
Design of a passive transfemoral prosthesis using differential flatness theory (2013)

This paper investigates the feasibility of generating a natural looking walking gait during the swing phase for a transfemoral prosthetic leg. This prosthesis has a powered knee joint and a passive ankle joint, and is designed to be differentially flat. The diffeomorphism between the physical space and the flat output space provides a mathematical framework to solve the challenging trajectory attainment problem. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by both simulation and experiments.
Diagnosis of Vacuum Degree in Vacuum Interrupter Based on Partial Discharge (2006)

Partial discharge characteristics in air under low vacuum region were studied to develop vacuum leakage detector system. The pressures were set at 1.3 Pa to 2.6 kPa in order to simulate the leakage of vacuum interrupter. The measurement of discharge occurring inside the vacuum interrupter was performed with current transformer, ICCD camera and photomultiplier tube. The detection of discharge light intensity with a photomultiplier tube was more sensitive compared with a current transformer. From this result, an attempt has been made to distinguish the pressure below and above 260 Pa on the basis of the rise time and peak intensity of discharge light pulses. Discharge pulse with longer rise time with larger pulse width were attributed to Townsend-like discharge at pressures below 260 Pa while that with the sharper rise time with smaller pulse width were characterized as streamer-like discharge above 260 Pa. In addition, the estimation of vacuum degree in vacuum interrupter was done based on phase-resolved discharge characteristics by utilizing artificial neural network
Portable, non-invasive video imaging of retinal blood flow dynamics (2020)

Retinal blood flow (RBF) information has the potential to offer insight into ophthalmic health and disease that is complementary to traditional anatomical biomarkers as well as to retinal perfusion information provided by fluorescence or optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The present study was performed to test the functional attributes and performance of the XyCAM RI, a non-invasive imager that obtains and assesses RBF information. The XyCAM RI was installed and used in two different settings to obtain video recordings of the blood flow in the optic nerve head region in eyes of healthy subjects. The mean blood flow velocity index (BFVi) in the optic disc and in each of multiple arterial and venous segments was obtained and shown to reveal a temporal waveform with a peak and trough that correlates with a cardiac cycle as revealed by a reference pulse oximeter (correlation between respective peak-to-peak distances was 0.977). The intra-session repeatability of the XyCAM RI was high with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.84 ± 1.13% across both sites. Artery-vein comparisons were made by estimating, in a pair of adjacent arterial and venous segments, various temporal waveform metrics such as pulsatility index, percent time in systole and diastole, and change in vascular blood volume over a cardiac cycle. All arterial metrics were shown to have significant differences with venous metrics (p < 0.001). The XyCAM RI, therefore, by obtaining repeatable blood flow measurements with high temporal resolution, permits the differential assessment of arterial and venous blood flow patterns in the retina that may facilitate research into disease pathophysiology and biomarker development for diagnostics.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Enhanced Cancer Radiotherapy through Immunosuppressive Stromal Cell Destruction in Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 919K, Characterization of antitumor effect in WF3 tumor-bearing mice treated with radiation and E7 peptide.&lt;/p&gt;
On the learnability of quantum state fidelity (2022)

Abstract Current quantum processing technology is generally noisy with a limited number of qubits, stressing the importance of quantum state fidelity estimation. The complexity of this problem is mainly due to not only accounting for single gates and readout errors but also for interactions among which. Existing methods generally rely on either reconstructing the given circuit state, ideal state, and computing the distance of which; or forcing the system to be on a specific state. Both rely on conducting circuit measurements, in which computational efficiency is traded off with obtained fidelity details, requiring an exponential number of experiments for full information. This paper poses the question: Is the mapping between a given quantum circuit and its state fidelity learnable? If learnable, this would be a step towards an alternative approach that relies on machine learning, providing much more efficient computation. To answer this question, we propose three deep learning models for 1-, 3-, and 5-qubit circuits and experiment on the following real-quantum processors: ibmq_armonk (1-qubit), ibmq_lima (5-qubit) and ibmq_quito (5-qubit) backends, respectively. Our models achieved a mean correlation factor of 0.74, 0.67 and 0.66 for 1-, 3-, and 5-qubit random circuits, respectively, with the exponential state tomography method. Additionally, our 5-qubit model outperforms simple baseline state fidelity estimation method on three quantum benchmarks. Our method, trained on random circuits only, achieved a mean correlation factor of 0.968 while the baseline method achieved 0.738. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of dynamic noise on state fidelity estimation. The correlation factor substantially improved to 0.82 and 0.74 for the 3- and 5-qubit models, respectively. The results show that machine learning is promising for predicting state fidelity from circuit representation and this work may be considered a step towards efficient end-to-end learning.
Sonochemically Generated Air-Stable Bimetallic Nanopowders of Group 4 Transition Metals with Aluminum (2013)

Air-stable reactive metal nanopowders (RMNPs) of group 4 transition metals and aluminum were produced via a sonochemically agitated reaction of MCl4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) with 4 equiv of lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4, LAH) under an atmosphere of N2 in Et2O, generating in situ the tetrahydroaluminate of the respective group 4 metal. The subsequent decomposition of the tetrahydroaluminate complex via elimination of H2 produced black powders that were further dried and subsequently annealed in vacuo to temperatures ranging from 620 to 860 °C, simultaneously subliming LiCl and Al byproducts for ease of purification, and producing air-stable RMNPs, which were then analyzed by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), and oxygen bomb calorimetry. Elemental analysis of the materials showed a significant presence of H, C, and N in the product materials. For each of the metal combinations the XRD analysis showed the presence of two main phases that have the same lattice parameters as the cubic metal carbide phase and the tetragonal Al3M phase of each of the group 4 transition metals. Each of the phases exhibited nanocrystallites, with the more refractory carbide phase producing approximately 5 nm crystallites, and the aluminide phase producing 20 nm crystallites based on Scherrer analysis. SEM confirmed that the materials consist of small individual crystallites that are agglomerated into larger structures. The observed 27Al MAS NMR resonances can be assigned to Al0, Al3M alloys, and Aln+ ionic species. The TGA data showed the superior stability of these materials exhibiting reactivity with O2 only at temperatures approaching 400 °C. The combustion energy of these RMNPs was then measured using oxygen bomb calorimetry, which confirmed that the air-exposed RMNPs are capable of producing at least 26 kJ/g when combusted in O2 (as in the case of the titanium aluminum material), and therefore may have potential to be useful fuels.
Sustained Accumulation of Microtubule-Binding Chemotherapy Drugs in the Peripheral Nervous System: Correlations with Time Course and Neurotoxic Severity (2016)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of many antineoplastic agents, but the mechanisms underlying the toxicities are unclear. At their MTDs, the microtubule-binding drugs paclitaxel and ixabepilone induce more severe neuropathy in mice relative to eribulin mesylate, paralleling their toxicity profiles in clinic. We hypothesized that the severity of their neurotoxic effects might be explained by the levels at which they accumulate in the peripheral nervous system. To test this hypothesis, we compared their pharmacokinetics and distribution in peripheral nerve tissue. After administration of a single intravenous dose, each drug was rapidly cleared from plasma but all persisted in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve (SN) for up to 72 hours. Focusing on paclitaxel and eribulin, we performed a 2-week MTD-dosing regimen, followed by a determination of drug pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and multiple functional measures of peripheral nerve toxicity for 4 weeks. Consistent with the acute dosing study, both drugs persisted in peripheral nervous tissues for weeks, in contrast to their rapid clearance from plasma. Notably, although eribulin exhibited greater DRG and SN penetration than paclitaxel, the neurotoxicity observed functionally was consistently more severe with paclitaxel. Overall, our results argue that sustained exposure of microtubule-binding chemotherapeutic agents in peripheral nerve tissues cannot by itself account for their associated neurotoxicity. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3332-9. ©2016 AACR.
Quantitative ultrasonic assessment of tissue macroscopic heterogeneity (2003)

Ultrasonic image analysis is proposed as a quantitative technique for assessment of meat quality. Experimental results on the measurement of meat macroscopic heterogeneity due to the connective tissue are presented. The method is based on the estimation of the cross-correlation coefficient of echographic signals. In the case of a homogeneous scattering medium, the cross-correlation coefficient is theoretically expected to rapidly vanish with the distance between signals. The value of the cross-correlation coefficient depends only on the beam width. In the case of a heterogeneous medium (macroscopic connective tissue), the correlation coefficient does not vanish and its value depends on the degree of heterogeneity. The degree of heterogeneity is also estimated through the ratio between the area of the macroscopic echogenic structure and the whole image area. It is shown that the degree of heterogeneity influences both the cross-correlation coefficient and the image surface ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles with styrenes: a novel route to C3-dicarbonylation (2017)

A novel I<sub>2</sub> promoted, highly efficient metal-free and peroxide-free greener domino protocol for the C3-dicarbonylation of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles (IBTs) with styrenes has been developed via oxidative cleavage of the C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H bond, followed by C3-nucleophilic attack of IBT and oxidation. Interestingly, under these conditions 2-(benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl)aniline gave the benzo[4',5']thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivative via oxidative cleavage of the C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H bond, followed by Pictet-Spengler cyclization and aromatization. This method offers the advantages of broad substrate scope, ecofriendly feature and high atom economy apart from higher yields.
Susceptibility of Card9-/- mice to intestinal pathogen is partly microbiota dependant. (2016)

International audience
Supplementary Methods from Genetic Alterations in the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Baseline AKT Activity Define AKT Inhibitor Sensitivity in Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenografts (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Carboxyl-Group of D-Glutamic Acid or .GAMMA.-Carboxy-D-glutamic Acid as N-Terminal Amino Acid of 111In-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid-Octreotide on Accumulation of Radioactivity in Kidney (2007)

To establish a strategy for developing (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((111)In-DTPA)-octreotide, a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent for tumors, with reduced non-specific renal radio-accumulation, the compounds having D-glutamic acid (Glu) or gamma-carboxy-D-glutamic acid (carboxy-Glu) as the N-terminal amino acid were examined for in vivo radio-distribution. Compounds carrying Glu and carboxy-Glu containing one and two negative charges, respectively, showed lower renal radio-accumulation than that carrying D-phenylalanine. It was revealed that the introduction of a negative charge reduces the renal radio-accumulation independently from the number of negative charges. The present result can be a clue for the development of (111)In-DTPA-octreotides with reduced the renal radio-accumulation.
Electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole with N-substituted pyrroles. Effect of composition on electrical conductivity (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole with N-substituted pyrroles. Effect of composition on electrical conductivityJohn R. Reynolds, Paul A. Poropatic, and Rita L. ToyookaCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 5, 958–961Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00171a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (521 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Role of the Cellular Stress Response in the Biogenesis of Cysteamine‐Induced Astrocytic Inclusions in Primary Culture (1993)

Cysteamine (CSH; 2-mercaptoethylamine) stimulates the accumulation of peroxidase-positive inclusions in cultured astroglia akin to those observed in the aging periventricular brain. Because CSH induces the synthesis of a stress protein (heme oxygenase) in rat liver, we hypothesized that aspects of the cellular stress response may play a role in the biogenesis of CSH-induced astrocyte granules. In the present study, we performed indirect immunofluorescent staining and immunoblotting for various stress proteins in rat neuroglial cultures. Exposure of astrocyte cultures to CSH enhanced immunostaining for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heat-shock proteins 27, 72, and 90, but not glucose-regulated protein 94, relative to untreated cultures. CSH-pretreated astrocytes exhibited enhanced tolerance to H2O2 toxicity relative to untreated cells, providing physiological evidence of an antecedent stress response in the former. In addition, exposure for 12 days to H2O2, a known inducer of the stress response, elicited astrocyte granulation similar to that observed with CSH. Chronic induction of HO-1 and other stress proteins may participate in the biogenesis of metalloporphyrin-rich inclusions in CSH-treated astroglial cultures and in astrocytes of the aging periventricular brain.
Solid Nanotubes Comprising α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Prepared from Ferritin Protein (2010)

Solid nanotubes comprising alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared from iron-storage protein ferritin. Their structure, magnetic properties, and photocatalytic activities were characterized. The initial ferritin nanotube precursors were fabricated using alternating layer-by-layer depositions of poly-L-arginine (PLA) and ferritin into a track-etched polycarbonate membrane (pore diameter, 400 nm) with subsequent dissolution of the template. The obtained uniform cylinders of (PLA/ferritin)3 (outer diameter, 410 +/- 14 nm) were calcinated at 500 degrees C under air, yielding reddish-brown iron oxide nanotubes. The one-dimensional hollow structure remained perfect, but its diameter, wall thickness, and maximum length were markedly diminished. Disappearance of the protein shell and the PLA layers were confirmed using IR and EDX spectroscopy. Subsequent SEM, TEM, and XPS measurements showed that the tubular walls comprise fine alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a 5 nm diameter. These alpha-Fe2O3 nanotubes demonstrated superparamagnetic properties with a blocking temperature of 37 K and efficient photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol.