gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Indoor Localization Method Based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) Measurements (2015)

We propose an unsupervised, received signal strength (RSS)- based indoor localization method, which as an infrastructure uses commercial WiFi chipsets and does not require any changes in the existing hardware. The method relies on path loss model for measured RSS levels where path loss coefficient is treated as a discrete random variable which takes values from some finite alphabet. The unknown location and path loss coefficient corresponding to each access point are jointly estimated using the Expectation Maximization (EM) approach. The algorithm is experimentally tested in an office space area of dimensions 32-by-52 m (1600 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) with only five access points and the achieved average localization error is below 4.5 m.
The Convergence of Chemistry & Human Biology (2014)

Over the past two decades, “chemical biology” has emerged as the term of choice to describe the interface between chemistry and biology. As its name suggests, the field draws upon chemical insights and tools to understand or engineer living things. This essay focuses on the scientific, societal, and pedagogical potential of an emerging frontier for chemical biologists: namely, the study of Homo sapiens. My goal is to highlight the opportunities and challenges presented to chemistry by human biology at a time when it costs less to sequence an individual's genome than it does to buy a car. But how does chemical biology differ from other similar-sounding fields? By first reaching a clear understanding of the scope of chemical biology, we may address more pertinent questions such as: What is the promise of the emerging interface between chemistry and human biology? Why is it important to nurture the relationship between these fields? And what are the attributes of individuals and environments that are well poised to contribute significantly to this interface?
Optimizing Partial Power Processing for Second-Use Battery Energy Storage Systems. (2021)

Repurposing automotive batteries to second-use battery energy storage systems (2-BESS) may have environmental and economic benefits. The challenge with second-use batteries is the uncertainty and diversity of the expected packs in terms of their chemistry, capacity and remaining useful life. This paper introduces a new strategy to optimize 2-BESS performance despite the diversity or heterogeneity of individual batteries while reducing the cost of power conversion. In this paper, the statistical distribution of the power heterogeneity in the supply of batteries is considered when optimizing the choice of power converters and designing the power flow within the battery energy storage system (BESS) to maximize battery utilization. By leveraging a new lite-sparse hierarchical partial power processing (LS-HiPPP) approach, we show a hierarchy in partial power processing (PPP) partitions power converters to a) significantly reduce converter ratings, b) process less power to achieve high system efficiency with lower cost (lower efficiency) converters, and c) take advantage of economies of scale by requiring only a minimal number of sets of identical converters. The results demonstrate that LS-HiPPP architectures offer the best tradeoff between battery utilization and converter cost and had higher system efficiency than conventional partial power processing (C-PPP) in all cases.
Supplementary Information from Modeling Genomic Diversity and Tumor Dependency in Malignant Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Information from Modeling Genomic Diversity and Tumor Dependency in Malignant Melanoma
XAFS and crystallographic studies of Ni(II) porphyrins in single crystals and in solution (1996)

Abstract. Nickel porphyrins serve as models for the active sites of several biological processes. Crystallographic and EXAFS results for a Ni meso-tetrapropyl porphyrin (NiTPrP) yield different Ni-N distances in solution and in the solid state. The Ni-N distances determined by single crystal polarized XAS and X-ray diffraction agree well. Polarized XANES experiments further establish that the pre-edge feature observed in square planar Ni(II) complexes is a ls-4pz transition. The single crystal and solution EXAFS results demonstrate that conformational variations of the porphyrin macrocycle can readily be imposed by environmental and/or packing forces and can thereby modulate the chemical and physical properties of porphyrinic chromophores and prosthetic groups.
Possibilistic Beliefs and Higher-Level Rationality (2014)

We consider rationality and rationalizability for normal-form games of incomplete information in which the players have possibilistic beliefs about their opponents. In this setting, we prove that the strategies compatible with the players being level-k rational coincide with the strategies surviving a natural k-step iterated elimination procedure. We view the latter strategies as the (level-k) rationalizable ones in our possibilistic setting. Rationalizability was defined by Pearce [23] and Bernheim [12] for complete-information settings. Our iterated elimination procedure is similar to that proposed by Dekel, Fuden- berg, and Morris [14] in a Bayesian setting. For other iterated elimination procedures and corresponding notions of rationalizability in Bayesian settings, see Brandenburger and Dekel [9], Tan and Werlang [24], Battigalli and Siniscalchi [8], Ely and Peski [15], Weinstein and Yildiz [25], and Halpern and Pass [19].
Retransmission Scheme with Code Sense for VSF/DS-UWB Ad-hoc Network (2005)

In order to extend the communication range of UWB systems, multi-hop transmission is essencial. However, since the number of hops increases, the packet loss in-creases as well. In this paper, to improve the reliability of the connection and make up for the packet loss, the retransmission scheme with code-sense for DS-UWB ad-hoc network is investigated and evaluated.
Flow cytometric analysis of cytokine production by normal human peripheral blood dendritic cells and monocytes: Comparative analysis of different stimuli, secretion‐blocking agents and incubation periods (2001)

In this paper, we comparatively analyze the effects of the following different stimuli on the production and intracellular accumulation of the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-8 inflammatory cytokines in both normal human peripheral blood (PB) dendritic cell (DC) subsets and monocytes: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) versus Staphylococcus aureus cowan I (SAC) in the presence or absence of interferon-(IFN)-γ-, cytokine secretion-blocking agents (brefeldin A alone versus brefeldin A plus monensin), and incubation periods (6, 12, and 24 h). For this purpose, a four-color multiple-staining direct immunofluorescence technique analyzed by flow cytometry was systematically used in all experiments (n = 19). Our results show that after stimulation, an important proportion of each of the two CD33+ myeloid DC subsets as well as the monocytes produce significant amounts of all cytokines analyzed under each of the experimental conditions assayed. In contrast, CD33−/+lo lymphoplasmocytoid DC failed to produce detectable levels of any of the above-mentioned cytokines under the same stimulatory conditions. Upon comparing the different stimuli used, LPS was associated with higher percentages of cytokine-producing cells compared with SAC, especially within the CD33hi DC subset; interestingly, the addition of IFN-γ enhanced the response of monocytes to both LPS and SAC. As regards the secretion-blocking agents, brefeldin A alone was superior to the combination of brefeldin A and monensin. This is because it was frequently associated with both a higher percentage of cytokine-positive cells and greater amounts of detectable cytokines per cell. Sequential analysis of cytokine production by PB DC and monocytes after 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture showed that after 6 h, an increased cell death rate existed among DC, which became even undetectable at 24 h, in the absence of a significant increase in cytokine secretion. In summary, our results show that from the experimental conditions assayed in this paper, to induce cytokine production by normal human DC and monocytes, maximum response is obtained once PB samples are stimulated for 6 h with LPS (with or without IFN-γ) in the presence of brefeldin A alone. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:33–40, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Carbon-13 CP/MAS NMR study of the polypivalolactone polymorphs (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 CP/MAS NMR study of the polypivalolactone polymorphsR. P. Veregin, C. A. Fyfe, and R. H. MarchessaultCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 9, 2379–2383Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00163a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00163a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Prostate Cancer Detection: Analysis of Temporal Enhanced Ultrasound (2018)

Temporal enhanced ultrasound (TeUS), comprising the analysis of variations in backscattered signals from a tissue over a sequence of ultrasound frames, has been previously proposed as a new paradigm for tissue characterization. In this paper, we propose to use deep recurrent neural networks (RNN) to explicitly model the temporal information in TeUS. By investigating several RNN models, we demonstrate that long short-term memory (LSTM) networks achieve the highest accuracy in separating cancer from benign tissue in the prostate. We also present algorithms for in-depth analysis of LSTM networks. Our in vivo study includes data from 255 prostate biopsy cores of 157 patients. We achieve area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.96, 0.76, 0.98, and 0.93, respectively. Our result suggests that temporal modeling of TeUS using RNN can significantly improve cancer detection accuracy over previously presented works.
High Power Er Fiber Comb Beyond Soliton Compression (2020)

We demonstrate a 5 W, 65 fs single-mode Er fiber comb based on efficient pulse compression of gain-narrowed pulses from a chirped pulse amplification system. We generate two octaves of midinfrared with these pulses.
Electrical Reverse Shift: Sustainable CO2 Valorization for Industrial Scale (2021)

Abstract Utilization of CO 2 is a requirement for a sustainable production of carbon‐based chemicals. The reverse water‐gas‐shift (RWGS) can valorize CO 2 by reaction with hydrogen to produce a synthesis gas compatible with existing industrial infrastructure. Fully electrified reverse water‐gas‐shift (eRWGS™) was achieved using integrated ohmic heating and a nickel‐type catalyst at industrially relevant conditions. Using a feed of H 2 : CO 2 in a ratio of 2.25 at 10 barg, utilizing high temperature operation at 1050 °C allowed for production of a synthesis gas with a H 2 /CO ratio of 2.0 and no detectable methane, ideal for production of sustainable fuel by e.g. the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Facilitating RWGS through CH 4 as intermediate was found superior to the selective RWGS route, due to higher activity and suppression of carbon formation. The eRWGS™ catalyst is found to provide a preferential emissions‐free route for production of synthesis gas for any relevant H 2 /CO ratio, enabling production of sustainable carbon‐based chemicals from CO 2 and renewable electricity with high hydrogen and carbon efficiency.
Bounds on the List-Decoding Radius of Reed--Solomon Codes (2003)

Techniques are presented for computing upper and lower bounds on the number of errors that can be corrected by list decoders for general block codes and, specifically, for Reed--Solomon (RS) codes. The list decoder of Guruswami and Sudan implies such a lower bound (referred to here as the GS bound) for RS codes. It is shown that this lower bound, given by means of the code's length, the minimum Hamming distance, and the maximal allowed list size, in fact applies to all block codes. Ranges of code parameters are identified where the GS bound is tight for worst-case RS codes, in which case the list decoder of Guruswami and Sudan provably corrects the largest possible number of errors. On the other hand, ranges of parameters are provided for which the GS lower bound can be strictly improved. In some cases the improvement applies to all block codes with a given minimum Hamming distance, while in others it applies only to RS codes.
Rapid Removal of Benzyloxycarbonyl Groups from 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane Derivatives by Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation (2003)

Abstract We report that N-benzyloxycarbonyl groups can be conveniently removed from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanes by catalytic transfer hydrogenation with cyclohexene and 5% palladium–carbon catalyst. The process is rapid, selective, inexpensive, and is high yielding.
Instructive Conductive 3D Silk Foam‐Based Bone Tissue Scaffolds Enable Electrical Stimulation of Stem Cells for Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation (2015)

Stimuli-responsive materials enabling the behavior of the cells that reside within them to be controlled are vital for the development of instructive tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering. Herein, we describe the preparation of conductive silk foam-based bone tissue scaffolds that enable the electrical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) to enhance their differentiation toward osteogenic outcomes.
Capacity Retention for (De)lithiation of Silver Containing α-MnO2: Impact of Structural Distortion and Transition Metal Dissolution (2018)

Crystallite size reduction is a strategy utilized to increase deliverable capacity by decreasing the path length for lithium ion diffusion. However, reduction in crystallite size may also exacerbate unfavorable reactions within a battery limiting cycle life. Here, differences in capacity retention are observed for silver containing α-MnO<sub>2</sub> (silver hollandite, AgHol), with two crystallite sizes. Under 30 mA/g discharge, the smaller crystallite size material (AgHol-S, 7 nm) delivers 266 mAh/g initial capacity with 91% capacity decrease from cycles 2 - 50. In contrast, the larger crystallite size material (AgHol-L, 80 nm) has an initial capacity of 129 mAh/g and only 9% decrease from cycles 2 - 50. A second electrochemical test was conducted using a capacity limit rather than a voltage limit. Under those test conditions, the structural distortion for the two materials observed by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) was similar, yet the terminal voltage decrease was more significant for the small crystallite sized sample. Determination of Mn dissolution revealed Mn solubility 5.4X higher for AgHol-S than AgHol-L with accompanying higher Mn deposition on the negative electrode and increased cell impedance. In conclusion, this study provides quantitative determination of capacity fade as related to structural distortion and transition metal dissolution as related to crystallite size.
Nerve pathology is prevented by linker proteins in mouse models for LAMA2 -related muscular dystrophy (2023)

<i>LAMA2</i>-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2 MD or MDC1A) is a devastating congenital muscular dystrophy that is caused by mutations in the <i>LAMA2</i> gene encoding laminin-α2, the long chain of several heterotrimeric laminins. Laminins are essential components of the extracellular matrix that interface with underlying cells. The pathology of LAMA2 MD patients is dominated by an early-onset, severe muscular dystrophy that ultimately leads to death by respiratory insufficiency. However, pathology in nonmuscle tissues has been described. Prior work in the <i>dy<sup>W</sup></i> /<i>dy<sup>W</sup></i> mouse model for LAMA2 MD has shown that two linker proteins, mini-agrin and αLNNd, when expressed in skeletal muscle fibers, greatly increase survival from a few months up to more than 2 years. However, the restoration of skeletal muscle function accentuates the pathology in nonmuscle tissue in <i>dy<sup>W</sup></i> /<i>dy<sup>W</sup></i> mice, first and foremost in the peripheral nerve resulting in paralysis of the hind limbs. We now show that the expression of the two linker proteins in all tissues ameliorates the muscular dystrophy and prevents the appearance of the hind limb paralysis. Importantly, the same ameliorating effect of the linker proteins was seen in <i>dy<sup>3K</sup></i> /<i>dy<sup>3K</sup></i> mice, which represent the most severe mouse model of LAMA2 MD. In summary, these data show that the two linker proteins can compensate the loss of laminin-α2 in muscle and peripheral nerve, which are the two organs most affected in LAMA2 MD. These results are of key importance for designing appropriate expression constructs for mini-agrin and αLNNd to develop a gene therapy for LAMA2 MD patients.
Novel Single View Constraints for Manhattan 3D Line Reconstruction (2018)

This paper proposes a novel and exact method to reconstruct line-based 3D structure from a single image using Manhattan world assumption. This problem is a distinctly unsolved problem because there can be multiple 3D reconstructions from a single image. Thus, we are often forced to look for priors like Manhattan world assumption and common scene structures. In addition to the standard orthogonality, perspective projection, and parallelism constraints, we investigate a few novel constraints based on the physical realizability of the 3D scene structure. We treat the line segments in the image to be part of a graph similar to straws and connectors game, where the goal is to back-project the line segments in 3D space and while ensuring that some of these 3D line segments connect with each other (i.e., truly intersect in 3D space) to form the 3D structure. We consider three sets of novel constraints while solving the reconstruction: (1) constraints on a series of Manhattan line intersections that form cycles, but are not all physically realizable, (2) constraints on true and false intersections in the case of nearby lines lying on the same Manhattan plane, and (3) constraints from the intersections on boundary and non-boundary line segments. The reconstruction is achieved using mixed integer linear programming (MILP), and we show compelling results on real images. Along with this paper, we will release a challenging Single View Line Reconstruction dataset with ground truth 3D line models for research purposes.
Low-Precision Training in Logarithmic Number System using Multiplicative Weight Update (2021)

Training large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) currently requires a significant amount of energy, leading to serious environmental impacts. One promising approach to reduce the energy costs is representing DNNs with low-precision numbers. While it is common to train DNNs with forward and backward propagation in low-precision, training directly over low-precision weights, without keeping a copy of weights in high-precision, still remains to be an unsolved problem. This is due to complex interactions between learning algorithms and low-precision number systems. To address this, we jointly design a low-precision training framework involving a logarithmic number system (LNS) and a multiplicative weight update training method, termed LNS-Madam. LNS has a high dynamic range even in a low-bitwidth setting, leading to high energy efficiency and making it relevant for on-board training in energy-constrained edge devices. We design LNS to have the flexibility of choosing different bases for weights and gradients, as they usually require different quantization gaps and dynamic ranges during training. By drawing the connection between LNS and multiplicative update, LNS-Madam ensures low quantization error during weight update, leading to a stable convergence even if the bitwidth is limited. Compared to using a fixed-point or floating-point number system and training with popular learning algorithms such as SGD and Adam, our joint design with LNS and LNS-Madam optimizer achieves better accuracy while requiring smaller bitwidth. Notably, with only 5-bit for gradients, the proposed training framework achieves accuracy comparable to full-precision state-of-the-art models such as ResNet-50 and BERT. After conducting energy estimations by analyzing the math datapath units during training, the results show that our design achieves over 60x energy reduction compared to FP32 on BERT models.
LENGTH PERCEPTIONS ACROSS THE BLIND SPOT (1994)

Harden, Christine M. BA; Tripathy, Srimant P. MS; Levi, Dennis M. OD, PhD Author Information
Chromosomal‐level genome assembly of the scimitar‐horned oryx: Insights into diversity and demography of a species extinct in the wild (2020)

Captive populations provide a valuable insurance against extinctions in the wild. However, they are also vulnerable to the negative impacts of inbreeding, selection and drift. Genetic information is therefore considered a critical aspect of conservation management. Recent developments in sequencing technologies have the potential to improve the outcomes of management programmes; however, the transfer of these approaches to applied conservation has been slow. The scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) is a North African antelope that has been extinct in the wild since the early 1980s and is the focus of a large-scale and long-term reintroduction project. To enable the selection of suitable founder individuals, facilitate post-release monitoring and improve captive breeding management, comprehensive genomic resources are required. Here, we used 10X Chromium sequencing together with Hi-C contact mapping to develop a chromosomal-level genome assembly for the species. The resulting assembly contained 29 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 100.4 Mb, and displayed strong chromosomal synteny with the cattle genome. Using resequencing data from six additional individuals, we demonstrated relatively high genetic diversity in the scimitar-horned oryx compared to other mammals, despite it having experienced a strong founding event in captivity. Additionally, the level of diversity across populations varied according to management strategy. Finally, we uncovered a dynamic demographic history that coincided with periods of climate variation during the Pleistocene. Overall, our study provides a clear example of how genomic data can uncover valuable insights into captive populations and contributes important resources to guide future management decisions of an endangered species.