gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disentangled variational auto-encoders for explaining ECG beat embeddings (2019)

Electrocardiogram signals are often used in medicine.An important aspect of analyzing this data is identifying and classifying the type of beat.Advancements in neural networks and deep learning have led to high classification accuracy.However, adoption of such models into clinical practice is limited due to the black-box nature of the classification method.In this work, the use of variational auto encoders to learn human-interpretable encodings of the beat types is analyzed.
Development of an open-access and explainable machine learning prediction system to assess the mortality and recurrence risk factors of Clostridioides difficile infection patients: Model Training and Hyperparameter Optimization with Cross-Validation (2020)

Identifying Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) patients at risk of mortality or recurrence will facilitate prevention, timely treatment and improve clinical outcomes. We aim to establish an open-access web-based prediction system, which estimates CDI patients’ mortality and recurrence outcomes, and explains the machine learning prediction with patients’ characteristics. Prognostic models were developed using four various types of machine learning algorithms and statistical logistics regression model utilizing over 15,000 CDI patients from 41 hospitals in Hong Kong. The boosting-based machine learning algorithm Gradient Boosting Machine (Mortality AUC: 0.7878; Recurrence AUC: 0.7076) outperformed statistical models (Mortality AUC: 0.7573; Recurrence AUC: 0.6927) and other machine learning algorithms. The open-access prediction system for clinicians to assess and interpret the risk factors of CDI patients is now available at https://www.cdiml.care/. In this article, we explain the development of machine learning models and illustrate how to apply hyperparameter tuning with cross-validation to optimize the model accuracy.
Accumulation of non-protein metal-binding polypeptides (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine in selected cadmium-resistant tomato cells. (1986)

Tomato cell suspensions have been selected for sustained growth on normally lethal concentrations of CdCl2. In cadmium-resistant (CdR) cells, Cd2+ is found complexed with non-protein, cysteine-rich polypeptides which accumulate in high amounts when cells are grown in the presence of Cd2+. Sequence and linkage analysis of these peptides by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry establishes structures of (gamma-Glu-Cys)3-Gly and (gamma-Glu-Cys)4-Gly. Necessity of these peptides for the CdR phenotype is demonstrated by inhibition of their accumulation by buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Treatment of CdR cells with a concentration of buthionine sulfoximine below that inhibiting growth in the absence of Cd2+ renders CdR cells sensitive to Cd2+ ion.
A Software-defined Underwater Acoustic Networking Platform for Underwater Vehicles (2022)

Underwater vehicles (UVs) are becoming essential for a vast range of novel commercial, scientific and military applications. These include seabed exploration, monitoring of critical infrastructure and resources, and coastal surveillance. However, usage of UVs is currently beset by limitations preventing them to carry critical equipment, such as agile wireless communication systems, which would facilitate and enable those applications. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we present the design blueprint and evaluation of a wireless UV, obtained by integrating a custom software-defined underwater acoustic networking platform integrated to a UV. We first describe the integration of the platform with a commercially available UV. We then present results from experimental campaigns at sea using our wireless UV to generate datasets for studying the Doppler effect due to mobility. Our results indicate the effectiveness of our design for ease of deployment and dataset generation.
Nonmonotonic Dependence of Auger Recombination Rate on Shell Thickness for CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanoplatelets (2017)

Nonradiative Auger recombination limits the efficiency with which colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals can emit light when they are subjected to strong excitation, with important implications for the application of the nanocrystals in light-emitting diodes and lasers. This has motivated attempts to engineer the structure of the nanocrystals to minimize Auger rates. Here, we study Auger recombination rates in CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets, or colloidal quantum wells. Using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, we show that the rate of biexcitonic Auger recombination has a nonmonotonic dependence on the shell thickness, initially decreasing, reaching a minimum for shells with thickness of 2-4 monolayers, and then increasing with further increases in the shell thickness. This nonmonotonic behavior has not been observed previously for biexcitonic recombination in quantum dots, most likely due to inhomogeneous broadening that is not present for the nanoplatelets.
TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose im hepatocellulärem Carzinom wird über cFLIP-abhängige und -unabhängige Mechanismen reguliert (2005)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) zeigt potente Anti-Tumor-Wirkung nach systemischer Applikation in-vivo, ohne die bekannten Nebenwirkungen anderer TNF-Familienmitlieder, wie TNF und CD95L aufzuweisen. Allerdings sind ca. 50% der Tumorzellinien resistent für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose. Behandlung resistenter HCC (Hepatocelluläres Carcinom) Zellinien mit dem Proteasominhibitor MG132 und 5-FU sensitivierte diese für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose, während primäre humane Hepatozyten TRAIL-resistent blieben.
Supplementary Table 3 from A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies EGFR Inhibitors as Potent Enhancers of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Tumor Cell Killing (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table 3 SCCHN clinical info&lt;/p&gt;
Elucidation of structural relationships and assignment of proton NMR spectra of transition-metal cyclidene complexes by 2-D NMR techniques (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElucidation of structural relationships and assignment of proton NMR spectra of transition-metal cyclidene complexes by 2-D NMR techniquesThomas J. Meade, Carol M. Fendrick, Peter A. Padolik, Charles E. Cottrell, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 25, 4252–4257Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00272a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00272a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collaborative Randomized Beamforming for Phased Array Radio\n Interferometers (2014)

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will form the largest radio telescope ever\nbuilt and such a huge instrument in the desert poses enormous engineering and\nlogistic challenges. Algorithmic and architectural breakthroughs are needed.\n Data is collected and processed in groups of antennas before transport for\ncentral processing. This processing includes beamforming, primarily so as to\nreduce the amount of data sent. The principal existing technique points to a\nregion of interest independently of the sky model and how the other stations\nbeamform.\n We propose a new collaborative beamforming algorithm in order to maximize\ninformation captured at the stations (thus reducing the amount of data\ntransported). The method increases the diversity in measurements through\nrandomized beam- forming. We demonstrate through numerical simulation the\neffectiveness of the method. In particular, we show that randomized beamforming\ncan achieve the same image quality while producing 40% less data when compared\nto the prevailing method matched beamforming.\n
Ambiguity Function Processors Using Linear Birefringent Dispersive Materials (1984)

We propose a new type of linear optical processor generating the convolutional ambiguity function of a spatial signal and a temporal signal. The core of the device is an anisotropically-dispersive (or alternatively a dispersively-anisotropic) homogeneous medium, and its principle of operation is based on the interaction between spatial diffraction and temporal dispersion.
Interactions between human serum proteins and oral streptococci reveal occurrence of receptors for aggregated beta 2-microglobulin (1979)

A total of 31 strains of oral streptococci representing Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitior, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus milleri were tested for possible binding of human immunoglobulins G, G1, G2, G3, G4, A1, A2, M1, and M2 and haptoglobin, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. Radiolabeled beta 2-microglobulin in aggregated form showed affinity for 20 of the 31 strains tested. Binding activity for the protein was found in strains belonging to all five species. The bacterial receptor was resistant to trypsin. Monomeric, unlabeled beta 2-microglobulin did not interfere with the binding of the aggregated form. Of the other proteins tested, only the immunoglobulin A1 protein showed positive binding, and that was only with a single strain of S. milleri. beta 2-Microglobulin is present on all nucleated cell membranes in vivo. The reaction between aggregated beta 2-microglobulin and oral streptococci is a new type of human-bacterium interaction which should be considered in studies of bacterial adherence.
A unified method for comparison of algorithms of saliency extraction (2011)

Extracting salient regions of a still image, which are pertinent areas likely to attract subjects' fixations, can be useful to adapt compression loss according to human attention. In the literature, various algorithms have been proposed for saliency extraction, ranging from region-of-interest (ROI) or point-of-interest (POI) algorithms to saliency models, which also extract ROIs. Implementing such an algorithm within image sensors implies to evaluate its complexity and performance of fixation prediction. However, there have been no pertinent criteria to compare these algorithms in predicting human fixations due to the different nature between ROIs and POIs. In this paper, we propose a novel criterion which is able to compare the prediction performance of ROI and POI algorithms. Aiming at the electronic implementation of such an algorithm, the proposed criterion is based on blocks, which is consistent with processing within image sensors. It also takes into account salient surface, an important factor in electronic implementation, to reflect more accurately the prediction performance of algorithms. The criterion is then used for comparison in a benchmark of several saliency models and ROI/POI algorithms. The results show that a saliency model, which has higher computational complexity, gives better performance than other ROI/POI algorithms.
Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobins. VI. Distinct Ir genes for different myoglobins: complementing genes in I-A and H-2D for equine myoglobin. (1982)

Abstract The genetic control of the antibody response to equine myoglobin was found to be completely different from that for sperm whale myoglobin, even though they share 87% of their primary sequence and nearly identical three-dimensional structures. Not only were the high- and low-responder haplotypes different for the two myoglobins, but the Ir genes mapped in different subrogions of H-2. The response to sperm whale myoglobin was controlled by two genes in I-A and I-C regulating responses to different subsets of determinants, whereas the response to equine myoglobin was controlled by complementing Ir genes in I-A and H-2D. The latter mapping is based on two independent pairs of strains (B10.A vs B10.A(2R) and B10.BR vs B10.AKM), each of which differ only at H-2D (and possibly, closely linked loci not yet defined) and was confirmed using a strain bearing the H-2dm1 mutation in the H-2D/L region. Most / region Ir genes have been found to be associated with genetic restriction elements involved in antigen presentation. Because H-2D has not previously been implicated in presentation of soluble antigens for antibody responses, either antigen presentation of equine myoglobin is unusual, or the Ir gene mapping in H-2D acts by a different mechanism from those in the I region, or a new class II (la-like) antigen maps extremely close to H-2D. Although the Ir genes were distinct, virtually all the antibodies raised to equine myoglobin cross-reacted with sperm whale myoglobin, albeit with lower affinity, even in strains which were low responders to sperm whale myoglobin.
Synthesis of Frame Field-Aligned Multi-Laminar Structures (2022)

In the field of topology optimization, the homogenization approach has been revived as an important alternative to the established, density-based methods. Homogenization can represent microstructures at length scales decoupled from the resolution of the computational grid. The optimal microstructure for a single load case is an orthogonal rank-3 laminate. Initially, we investigate where singularities occur in orthogonal rank-3 laminates and show that the laminar parts of the structures we seek are unaffected by the singularities. Based on this observation, we propose a method for generating multi-laminar structures from frame fields that describe rank-3 laminates. Rather than establishing a parametrization of the domain, we compute stream surfaces that align with the frame fields and solve an optimization problem to find a well-spaced collection of such stream surfaces. Since our method does not rely on a parametrization, we also do not need a combing of the frame fields to generate this collection. Finally, we provide a method for synthesizing multi-laminar structures from a stream surface collection. This method produces a volumetric solid for each surface and combines these to form the output. We demonstrate our method on several frame fields produced by the homogenization approach to topology optimization.
Potential antitumor agents. 51. Synthesis and antitumor activity of substituted phenazine-1-carboxamides (1987)

In a further investigation of electron-deficient DNA-intercalating ligands as antitumor drugs, a series of substituted N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenazine-1-carboxamides have been synthesized and evaluated. Fluorine-directed ring closure of N-phenyl-3-nitroanthranilic acids provided a new, unequivocal synthesis of several of the required phenazine-1-carboxylic acids, and the corresponding carboxamides were prepared and evaluated against L1210 leukemia in vitro and against P388 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma in vivo. Substitution on the phenazine ring was broadly tolerated, and the cytotoxicity of the resulting compounds correlated positively with the electron-withdrawing power of the substituent group. The positional effects of substituents were even more evident, with 9-substituted compounds being the most active. One derivative, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-methoxyphenazine-1-carboxamide, had activity against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice equal to that of the best DNA-intercalating agents yet described, being capable of effecting a high-proportion cure of the advanced disease.
INDIRECT ALLORECOGNITION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ALLOPEPTIDES IN HUMAN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH CHRONIC GRAFT DYSFUNCTION1 (1997)

These data demonstrate for the first time that T cells of patients with chronic graft dysfunction are primed to recognize and respond to specific donor-derived major histocompatibility complex allopeptides. Our results support the hypothesis that T cells primed via the indirect pathway of allorecognition may be important mediators of chronic rejection and provide the rationale to develop specific therapeutic strategies to prevent or interrupt this process.
Improved Type I Error Control and Reduced Estimation Bias for DIF Detection Using SIBTEST (1998)

One emphasis in the development and evaluation of SIBTEST has been the control of Type I error (false flagging of non-differential item functioning [DIF] items) inflation and estimation bias. SIBTEST has performed well in comparative simulation studies of Type I error and estimation bias relative to other procedures such as the Mantel-Haenszel and Logistic Regression. Nevertheless it has for a minority of cases that might occur in applications displayed sizable Type I error inflation and estimation bias. A vital part of SIBTEST is the regression correction, which adjusts for the Type I error-inflating and estimation-biasing influence of group target ability differences by using the linear regression of true on observed matching subtest scores from Classical Test Theory. In this paper, we propose a new regression correction, using essentially a two-segment piecewise linear regression of the true on observed matching subtest scores. A realistic simulation study of the new approach shows that when there is a clear group ability distributional difference, the new approach displays improved SIBTEST Type I error performance; when there is no group ability distributional difference, its Type I error rate is comparable to the current SIBTEST. We have also conducted a power study which indicates that the new approach has on average similar power as the current SIBTEST. We concluded that the new version of SIBTEST, although not perfectly robust, seems appropriately robust against sizable Type I error inflation, while retaining other desirable features of the current version.
Carbohydrate Fiber from Orange Albedo (1981)

ABSTRACT A process was developed for manufacturing dried orange albedo from fresh peel. Fresh albedo (nonpigmented portion) was recovered by shaving the flavedo (pigmented portion) from quartered peel after a commercial reamer juice extraction process. The albedo was then ground to reduce particle size, leached with water, treated with lime, pressed, and dried. Yield of dried (0% H 2 O) albedo was 3.3 kg/100 kg ‘Valencia’ oranges. Wastewater analyses of liquids discharged from the leaching process indicated average values of 14,400 mg COD and 9,850 mg BOD based on producing 1 kg of dry albedo. Several albedo carbohydrate fiber components were estimated by determining the monomers soluble in boiling water, 5% H 2 SO 4 and 72% H 2 SO 4 . These were as follows (g component/ l00g dry albedo): water‐soluble fraction‐hexose (11.2) and uronic acid (1.5), hemicellulose fraction‐pentose (11.9), pectin fraction‐uronic acid (12.9), and cellulose fraction‐hexose (10.8) and uronic acid (3.6), respectively. Lignin (6.7) was estimated by ashing the residue remaining after the 72% H 2 SO 4 extraction.
Quantifying the Ligand-Coated Nanoparticle Delivery to Cancer Cells in Solid Tumors (2018)

Coating the nanoparticle surface with cancer cell recognizing ligands is expected to facilitate specific delivery of nanoparticles to diseased cells in vivo. While this targeting strategy is appealing, no nanoparticle-based active targeting formulation for solid tumor treatment had made it past phase III clinical trials. Here, we quantified the cancer cell-targeting efficiencies of Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and folic acid coated gold and silica nanoparticles in multiple mouse tumor models. Surprisingly, we showed that less than 14 out of 1 million (0.0014% injected dose) intravenously administrated nanoparticles were delivered to targeted cancer cells, and that only 2 out of 100 cancer cells interacted with the nanoparticles. The majority of the intratumoral nanoparticles were either trapped in the extracellular matrix or taken up by perivascular tumor associated macrophages. The low cancer cell targeting efficiency and significant uptake by noncancer cells suggest the need to re-evaluate the active targeting process and therapeutic mechanisms using quantitative methods. This will be important for developing strategies to deliver emerging therapeutics such as genome editing, nucleic acid therapy, and immunotherapy for cancer treatment using nanocarriers.
Enriched Algebraic Multiscale Linear Solver (2016)

We describe an Enriched Algebraic Multiscale Solver (EAMS) that overcomes the deficiency of existing multiscale methods for flow in heterogeneous media with large coherent correlation structures and high contrasts. For a given multiscale method, EAMS enriches the coarse space with local basis-functions specifically aimed at the largest error components in the solution space. For this purpose, the discrete error equation is used to identify the solution modes that are missing from the multiscale operator. The identified error modes, which are complex combinations of a spectrum of wave numbers, are then localized (truncated) and added to the prolongation operator. The enrichment process is repeated iteratively until the desired convergence rate is reached. The identification and enrichment processes are algebraic, and they are performed adaptively during the iterative solution process. Using challenging test cases from the literature, we show that EAMS leads to great improvements in the robustness and efficiency of existing state-of-the-art multiscale linear solvers. In most settings, the convergence rate of AMS is improved significantly by supplementing the standard basis functions with a few basis functions guided by the error equation. Since the enrichment is adaptive and algebraic, it can be integrated into any existing multiscale linear-solver implementation. EAMS is expected to be most useful in modeling evolution multiphase problems in heterogeneous reservoirs, whereby the changes in the character of the linear system - across Newton iterations and time steps - are relatively mild.
Substrate temperature effects on laser crystallized NiTi thin films (2009)

Amorphous sputter-deposited NiTi thin films were subjected to pulsed, melt-mediated laser crystallization techniques to engineer their microstructure. The effects of laser processing of preheated films are examined. Laser processing of films at an elevated substrate temperature has a significant effect on the rate with which solidification occurs. It is observed that the preheating temperature at which processing is carried out has significant implications for the resulting phase and microstructure, and therefore mechanical properties. Furthermore, the microstructural effects of varying incident laser energy density are examined via atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction, and mechanical/shape memory properties are characterized via nanoindentation.