gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of an Olfactory Receptor Inhibits Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells (2009)

Olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed not only in the sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, where they detect volatile substances, but also in various other tissues where their potential functions are largely unknown. Here, we report the physiological characterization of human OR51E2, also named prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor (PSGR) due to its reported up-regulation in prostate cancer. We identified androstenone derivatives as ligands for the recombinant receptor. PSGR can also be activated with the odorant beta-ionone. Activation of the endogenous receptor in prostate cancer cells by the identified ligands evoked an intracellular Ca2+ increase. Exposure to beta-ionone resulted in the activation of members of the MAPK family and inhibition of cell proliferation. Our data give support to the hypothesis that because PSGR signaling could reduce growth of prostate cancer cells, specific receptor ligands might therefore be potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment.
Upper threshold of extracellular neural stimulation (2012)

It is well known that spiking neurons can produce action potentials in response to extracellular stimulation above certain threshold. It is widely assumed that there is no upper limit to somatic stimulation, except for cellular or electrode damage. Here we demonstrate that there is an upper stimulation threshold, above which no action potential can be elicited, and it is below the threshold of cellular damage. Existence of this upper stimulation threshold was confirmed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at pulse durations ranging from 5 to 500 μs. The ratio of the upper to lower stimulation thresholds varied typically from 1.7 to 7.6, depending on pulse duration. Computational modeling of extracellular RGC stimulation explained the upper limit by sodium current reversal on the depolarized side of the cell membrane. This was further confirmed by experiments in the medium with a low concentration of sodium. The limited width of the stimulation window may have important implications in design of the electro-neural interfaces, including neural prosthetics.
Using a low melting solvent mixture to extract value from wood biomass (2016)

Green chemistry, sustainability and eco-efficiency are guiding the development of the next generation of industrial chemical processes. The use of non-edible lignocellulosic biomass as a source of chemicals and fuels has recently raised interest due to the need for an alternative to fossil resources. Valorisation mainly focuses on cellulose, which has been used for various industrial scale applications for decades. However, creating an economically more viable value chain would require the exploitation of the other main components, hemicellulose and lignin. Here, we present a new low melting mixture composition based in boric acid and choline chloride, and demonstrate its efficiency in the fractionation of wood-based biomass for the production of non-condensed lignin, suitable for further use in the search for sustainable industrial applications, and for the selective conversion of hemicelluloses into valuable platform chemicals.
Antiapoptotic role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase–myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcription factor pathway during neuronal differentiation (2000)

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is in the MADS (MCM1agamous-deficiens-serum response factor) family of transcription factors. Although MEF2 is known as a myogenic factor, the expression pattern of the MEF2 family of genes (MEF2A-D) in developing brain also suggests a role in neurogenesis. Here we show that transfection with MEF2C, the predominant form in mammalian cerebral cortex, induces a mixed neuronal/myogenic phenotype in undifferentiated P19 precursor cells. During retinoic acid-induced neurogenesis of these cells, a dominant negative form of MEF2 enhances apoptosis but does not affect cell division. The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha activates MEF2C. Dominant negative p38alpha also enhances apoptotic death of differentiating neurons, but these cells can be rescued from apoptosis by coexpression of constitutively active MEF2C. These findings suggest that the p38alpha/MEF2 pathway prevents cell death during neuronal differentiation.
What is the fate of the biofilm matrix? (2022)

Authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest and that all data are available.
Multimaterial Fibers and Integrated Fiber Photonic Devices (2008)

We demonstrate multimaterial fibers containing dielectric, conducting and semiconducting microstructures with disparate optical and electrical functions. The integrated functionalities, for example, photodetectors and fiber-lasers, are demonstrated at both single-fiber and fiber-fabric levels.
CROSSLINKING OF SBR COMPOUNDS FOR TIRE TREAD USING BENZOCYCLOBUTENE CHEMISTRY (2018)

ABSTRACT This research investigates the potential of benzocyclobutene (BCB) chemistry for crosslinking styrene-butadiene rubber in conjunction with sulfur curatives with the objective of achieving curing at lower temperatures and/or in shorter times compared with entirely sulfur-based cure formulations. The reversible polysulfidic linkages produced in sulfur crosslinking allow self-healing characteristics but suffer from poor heat-aging stability. The C–C crosslinks from BCB chemistry are irreversible and offer higher resistance to aging, but they do not present apparent self-healing properties. The hybrid curative package based on C–C, C–S, and S–S linkages developed is expected to provide reduced crosslinking time and/or temperature, along with higher crack-growth resistance, the ability to self-heal, higher resistance to fatigue-to-failure, reduced hysteresis, and increased abrasion resistance. The crosslinking performance of 1-substituted BCB-based compounds in conjunction with sulfur is specifically investigated.
Molecular Self-assembly and Ordering of Alkylpolyglycosides for Improved Adhesion in Paper Coatings (2005)

Cellulose is the most abundant polymer found in nature and in some forms is used as heat-sealable paper for medical packaging applications where it acts as a filter to particulates and microorganisms, while at the same time permitting free passage of gas and water vapor during sterilization. This paper must also be heat-sealable over plastic trays that contain medical instrumentation. The bond of the paper to the plastic must be sufficiently strong, but at the same time capable of being peeled from the plastic tray without tearing. The additive that was found to be suitable as an adhesion promoter was alkylpolyglycoside (APG), a nonionic surfactant, in combination with cellulose acetate fibers (CA). [1] For heat-sealable paper, a mechanism for improved adhesion for APG and CA containing paper was proposed in which APG anchors itself in the cellulosic matrix and acts as a plasticizer for CA.
Synthesis and Anti-DNA Viral Activities in Vitro of Certain 2,4-Disubstituted- 7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Nucleosides (1995)

Several novel 2,4-disubstituted-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D- arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV), and anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activities in vitro. These nucleosides were prepared starting from 2-amino-4-chloro-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro- 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3), which in turn was synthesized by direct glycosylation of the sodium salt of 2-amino-4-chloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide (2). Displacement of the 4-chloro group of 3 with OH, NH2, NHOH, SH, and SeH nucleophiles furnished the corresponding nucleosides 6-8, 12, and 14, respectively. The 3'-deoxygenation of 2-amino-4-chloro-7- (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (4) and subsequent amination gave 2,4-diamino-2',3'-dideoxy derivative 19. Catalytic hydrogenation of 3 followed by debenzoylation afforded 2-aminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside 23. Among the compounds evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of HCMV (strain AD169) in MRC-5 cells using a plaque reduction assay, only 7 was significantly active in vitro with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.7 micrograms/mL (TI > 125), whereas the IC50 value of ganciclovir (DHPG) was 3.2 micrograms/mL. Strain D16 of HCMV was more resistant to 7 (IC50 11 micrograms/mL) than the AD169 strain. When 7 was tested in combination with DHPG, the resultant anti-HCMV activity was found to be moderately synergistic with no evidence of antagonism. Nucleoside 7 also reduced episomal HBV replication in human hepatoblastoma 2.2.15 cells with an IC50 of 0.7 micrograms/mL (TI > 143). Development of cells harboring HBV which had become resistant to the drug was not observed with 7. Compound 7 also exhibited significant activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (IC50 of 4.1 and 6.3 micrograms/mL, respectively) in Vero cells.
Design-in reliability for over drive applications in advanced technology (2010)

We present the FEOL reliability checking flow in advanced technology especially with over drive applications. We check gate bias values obtained from SPICE transient simulation against the maximum allowed value, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g_max</sub> , to make sure robust gate dielectric reliability. We set up HSPICE MOSRA simulation procedure to let designers check the impact of BTI and HCI to each MOSFET device and the circuit performance at End-of-Lifetime (EOL). From HCI degradation analysis from HSPICE MOSRA, we obtained a good correlation between HCI damage and slew rate and conditions in which HCI degradation is negligible. We discuss on the selection of the stress conditions and monitor conditions to be checked. We applied HSPICE MOSRA to several over drive applications and were able to successfully justify them with careful modeling for HCI and NCHC in addition to BTI.
Experimental detection of 1pico-molar concentration from high-Q photonic crystal microcavity biosensors (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a photonic crystal microcavity biosensor with 1pM sensitivity. Radiation loss engineering for high Q and increased mode overlap with analyte are combined to achieve the highest sensitivity in silicon-on-insulator platform.
Transgenic plants with enhanced growth characteristics (2023)

The invention relates to transgenic plants exhibiting dramatically enhanced growth rates, greater seed and fruit/pod yields, earlier and more productive flowering, more efficient nitrogen utilization, increased tolerance to high salt conditions, and increased biomass yields. In one embodiment, transgenic plants engineered to over-express both glutamine phenylpyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) are provided. The GPT+GS double-transgenic plants of the invention consistently exhibit enhanced growth characteristics, with T0 generation lines showing an increase in biomass over wild type counterparts of between 50% and 300%. Generations that result from sexual crosses and/or selfing typically perform even better, with some of the double-transgenic plants achieving an astounding four-fold biomass increase over wild type plants.
Effect of growth conditions on surface morphology and photoelectric work function characteristics of iridium oxide thin films (1999)

The effect of thermal growth conditions on the morphology and surface work function of iridium oxide thin films grown by annealing Ir thin films in an O2 ambient is presented. The samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoelectric work function measurements. It is found that, with increasing temperature, IrO2 changes from (110) oriented to a mixture of (110) and (200) during the oxide growth. This is manifested as a sharpening of the photoelectric energy distributions at 800 °C. The surface work function was determined to be 4.23 eV using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that IrO2 starts to form at 600 °C accompanied by surface roughening. Annealing the Ir film at 900 °C in O2 ambient leads to almost complete desorption of the film.
Protective effects of neurokinin‐1 receptor during colitis in mice: role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (2002)

1. The role of substance P and its high affinity neurokinin-1 receptor in colitis has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the participation of neurokinin-1 receptor in colitis using the 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzensulphonic acid and dextran sulphate-induced animal models of colitis and genetically-engineered, neurokinin-1 receptor-deficient mice. 2. Clinical signs, macroscopic and histologic damage associated with 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzensulphonic acid (12 days) and dextran sulphate (5 days) colitis were more severe in neurokinin-1 deficient than in wild-type mice, while immunoreactivities for epidermal growth factor and its receptor were similar in the colon of both mice strains before and after colitis. 3. Substance P, dose-dependently induced intestinal fibroblast proliferation and enhanced epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation in intestinal fibroblasts isolated from wild-type, but not from neurokinin-1 receptor deficient mice. 4. Substance P-induced intestinal fibroblast proliferation required the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor with kinase activity. Furthermore, substance P induced epidermal growth factor tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in normal intestinal fibroblasts. 5. Our results indicate that in mice lacking the neurokinin - 1 receptor, substance P plays a protective role in prolonged experimental colitis.
Coated particle fuel for radioisotope power systems (RPSs) and radioisotope heater units (RHUs) (1999)

Coated particle fuel offers great promise for advanced radioisotope power systems (RPSs) and radioisotope heater units (RHUs) being pursued for future U.S. solar system exploration missions. Potential benefits of this fuel include improved design flexibility and materials compatibility, enhanced safety and performance, and reduced specific mass and volume. This paper describes and discusses coated particle fuel, with emphasis on its applicability, attributes, and potential benefits to future RPSs and RHUs. Additionally, this paper identifies further analyses and verification testing that should be conducted before a commitment is made to fully develop this fuel. Efforts to date indicate there is every reason to believe that the potential benefits of coated particle fuel to future RPSs and RHUs can be demonstrated with a modest, phased analytical and verification test effort. Thus, developmental risk appears minimal, while the potential benefits are substantial. If coated particle fuel is pursued and ultimately developed successfully, it could revolutionize the design and space use of future RPSs and RHUs.
Studies on the Synthesis of Analgesics. LIV. Syntheses of 3-(Substituted phenyl)-4-oxazolidinone and 3-(Substituted phenyl)-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-1, 3-oxazin-4-one Derivatives as Analgesics (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CMXXVIII) (1981)

It was found that 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxazolidinone (IIa) had analgesic activity as potent as aminopyrine and very low toxicity. In order to obtain more excellent analgesics, 3-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxazolidinones (1-10) related to (IIa) and 3-(substituted phenyl)-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-1, 3-oxazin-4-ones (11-30) were prepared and examined for the analgesic activity. Among the active compounds, 3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-1, 3-oxazin-4-one (20) showed the strongest activity (ED50=29mg/kg).
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of sulfur heterocycles. Evidence for intramolecular 1,3 electronic interaction in 3,3-disubstituted 2H-tetrahydrothiapyran-1-N-p-tosylsulfimides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of sulfur heterocycles. Evidence for intramolecular 1,3 electronic interaction in 3,3-disubstituted 2H-tetrahydrothiapyran-1-N-p-tosylsulfimidesJohn R. DeMember, Richard B. Greenwald, and David H. EvansCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 22, 3518–3522Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00442a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00442a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Heterostructure photosensitive memory</title> (1991)

A new photosensitive memory device with semiconductor-thin polymer-semiconductor (STPS) structure is described. A `writing' light pulse drastically changes a basic current mechanism. As a result, the dark current increases many times. Moreover, new quality phenomena appears, such as photocurrent amplification and photo-induced self-oscillations.
Fine Particles of Silicon. II. Decahedral Multiply-Twinned Particles (1987)

Decahedral multiply-twinned particles of Si, 60–80 nm in size, prepared by a gas evaporation method are studied by a high resolution electron microscope. A mismatch arising in packing five tetrahedra is accommodated by deforming plastically one of the tetrahedra by introducing a small angle grain boundary. A core region of the particle, however, is deformed elastically. The structural details of the crystalline faults associated with the mismatch are described.
Metabolic Changes on the Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance in Seeds of the Brazilian Native Tree Erythrina speciosa (2019)

Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabaceae) is a native tree of Atlantic forest from Southern and Southeastern Brazil. Although this species is found in flooded areas, it produces highly desiccation tolerant seeds. Here, we investigated the physiological and metabolic events occurring during seed maturation of E. speciosa aiming to better understand of its desiccation tolerance acquisition. Seeds were separated into six stages of maturation by the pigmentation of the seed coat. Water potential (WP) and water content (WC) decreased gradually from the first stage to the last stage of maturation (VI), in which seeds reached the highest accumulation of dry mass and seed coat acquired water impermeability. At stage III (71% WC), although seeds were intolerant to desiccation, they were able to germinate (about 15%). Desiccation tolerance was first observed at stage IV (67% WC), in which 40% of seeds were tolerant. At stage V (24% WC), all seeds were tolerant to desiccation and at stage VI all seeds germinated. Increased deposition of the arabinose-containing polysaccharides, which are known as cell wall plasticizers polymers, was observed up to stage IV of seed maturation. Raffinose and stachyose gradually increased in axes and cotyledons with greater increment in the fourth stage. Metabolic profile analysis showed that levels of sugars, organic, and amino acids decrease drastically in embryonic axes, in agreement with lower respiratory rates during maturation. Moreover, a non-aqueous fractionation revealed a change on the proportions of sugar accumulation among cytosol, plastid, and vacuoles between the active metabolism (stage I) and the dormant seeds (stage VI). The results indicate that the physiological maturity of the seeds of E. speciosa is reached at stage V and that the accumulation of raffinose can be a result of the change in the use of carbon, reducing metabolic activity during maturation. This work confirms that raffinose is involved in desiccation tolerance in seeds of E. speciosa, especially considering the different subcellular compartments and suggests even that the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in this species occurs in stages prior to the major changes in WC.
A high efficiency PV micro-inverter with grid support functions (2014)

This paper presents a new photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter topology. The topology is based on a partial power processing resonant front end dc-dc stage, followed by an interleaved inverter stage. The input stage provides high efficiency, and flexibility of design for wide input voltage range and the output stage provides an effective switching ripple of twice the PWM frequency, which reduces the output filter requirement. The designed micro-inverter can also provide grid Volt/VAR support functions according to commands received by the grid. Circuit topology and operation are presented as well as experimental results for the micro-inverter. The overall micro-inverter efficiency is 96%.
Fiber-optic gyroscope using a SWAOM: a progress report (1987)

When a laser beam passes through the SWAOM, two laser beams emerge: a diffracted first-order beam ψ 1 and an undiffracted zeroth-order beam ψ 2 . The two beams are launched into the opposite ends of a rotating fiber loop. The diffracted beam ψ 1 passes through the rotating fiber loop and then back into the SWAOM. When the beam ψ 1 enters the SWAOM after traversing the fiber loop two beams emerge: a diffracted first-order beam ψ 3 , and an undiffracted zeroth-order beam ψ 4 . Similary the undiffracted beam ψ 2 passes through the rotating fiber loop and reenters the SWAOM. The beam also becomes two beams, a diffracted beam ψ 5 and an undiffracted beam ψ 6 . The two superimposed beams ψ 3 and ψ 5 can be detected by a photodetector.
A New Approach to Blind Separation of Two Sources with Three Sensors (2006)

An exhaustive investigation of the overdetermined blind source separation (BSS) 3 times 2 problem is presented. We establish a new relationship between the column vectors of the channel matrix using second order statistics (SOS) only. This relationship is then exploited to factorize the separating matrix into a whitening term, whose expression depends on whether the observations are corrupted by noise or not, and a 2 times 2 orthogonal matrix that can be determined using high order statistics (HOS). Simulation results demonstrate that resorting to the new form of the whitening matrix, mainly in the case of noisy ill-conditioned BSS, results in improved performance compared to the common whitening-based techniques.
User-Plane Protocols for Multiple Access Management Service (2020)

Today, a device can be simultaneously connected to multiple
communication networks based on different technology implementations
and network architectures like WiFi, LTE, and DSL. In such multi-
connectivity scenario, it is desirable to combine multiple access
networks or select the best one to improve quality of experience for a
user and improve overall network utilization and efficiency. This
document presents the u-plane protocols for a multi access management
services (MAMS) framework that can be used to flexibly select the
combination of uplink and downlink access and core network paths
having the optimal performance, and user plane treatment for improving
network utilization and efficiency and enhanced quality of experience
for user applications.