gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Heterogeneous Storage Optimization under Resource Capacity Constraints (2014)

Large-scale data centers often adopt more than one type of storage device, each with different storage capacity, I/O capability, and cost. Optimizing the performance-to-cost efficiency of such heterogeneous storage systems is of great practical importance (Cap-Ex), and it is a classic problem in computer system design. The Vector-Sum Model (VSM) is a mental model widely-used by system administrators for this task, due to its conceptual simplicity. The model encompasses various commonly-used rules-of-thumb, such as the five-minute rule or various Knapsack-based heuristics. In this paper we revisit the Vector-Sum Model and study heterogeneous storage using a new form of optimization diagrams. These diagrams give raise to a near-optimal solution to the problem, which subsumes the existing rules-of-thumb used in practice. Our solution also explains that these heuristics are indeed optimal under their respective assumptions, while they become sub-optimal in more general cases. Specifically, our analysis implies that the recent adoption of SSD in data centers may challenge the quality of these commonly-used heuristics, and that our new optimization approach can sustain data center-scale workloads at lower total purchasing cost. Finally, we show that, although the commonly-used I/O metrics of storage are non-additive, we can use regression techniques to transform the metric into an additive form. Experiments using web search production workloads show that the Vector-Sum Model becomes more accurate after the metric transformation.
3D System Integration Technologies (2007)

3D technologies hold the promise to further enable increased system performance in a time where scaling has become increasingly challenging. However, 3D technologies will need to be tailored to the needs of the application they will serve. This paper describes different 3D integration schemes that are currently investigated at IMEC.
Isomerization behavior of aromatic azo chromophores bound to semicrystalline polymer films (2001)

The cis–trans isomerization of azo chromophores covalently bound to semicrystalline polymer films was investigated. Various azo chromophores were introduced onto the functionalized semicrystalline polymer films by a chemical transformation reaction and their isomerization behavior was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and a contact-angle goniometer. The thermal Z → E isomerization rate of the azo moiety covalently bound to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) films was determined. The rate of thermal isomerization was also compared between amorphous and semicrystalline polymer films bearing azo chromophores. The effect of the intramolecular steric factor and the nature of chromophores was studied on the thermal isomerization rate of the polymer films. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2923–2928, 2001
Clinical image benefits after model-based reconstruction for low dose dedicated breast tomosynthesis (2015)

Model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) is implemented to process full clinical data sets of dedicated breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in a low dose condition and achieves less spreading of anatomical structure between slices. MBIR is a statistical based reconstruction which can control the trade-off between data fitting and image regularization. In this study, regularization is formulated with anisotropic prior weighting that independently controls the image regularization between in-plane and out-of-plane voxel neighbors. Studies at complete and partial convergence show that the appropriate formulation of data-fit and regularization terms along with anisotropic prior weighting leads to a solution with improved localization of objects within a more narrow range of slices. This result is compared with the solutions using simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT), which is one of the state of art reconstruction in DBT. MBIR yields higher contrast-to-noise for medium and large size microcalcifications and diagnostic structures in volumetric breast images and supports opportunity for dose reduction for 3D breast imaging.
230 Autoregulation of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and plasma renin activity in conscious Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (1993)

(Division of Nephrology, Klinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 6800 Mannheim, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, INF 366, 6900 Heidelberg, Germany)
A Molecular Ruler for Measuring Quantitative Distance Distributions (2008)

We report a novel molecular ruler for measurement of distances and distance distributions with accurate external calibration. Using solution X-ray scattering we determine the scattering interference between two gold nanocrystal probes attached site-specifically to a macromolecule of interest. Fourier transformation of the interference pattern provides a model-independent probability distribution for the distances between the probe centers-of-mass. To test the approach, we measure end-to-end distances for a variety of DNA structures. We demonstrate that measurements with independently prepared samples and using different X-ray sources are highly reproducible, we demonstrate the quantitative accuracy of the first and second moments of the distance distributions, and we demonstrate that the technique recovers complex distribution shapes. Distances measured with the solution scattering-interference ruler match the corresponding crystallographic values, but differ from distances measured previously with alternate ruler techniques. The X-ray scattering interference ruler should be a powerful tool for relating crystal structures to solution structures and for studying molecular fluctuations.
Magnetic nanoarchitectures for cancer sensing, imaging and therapy (2018)

The use of magnetic nanoparticles for sensing and theranostics of cancer has grown substantially in the last decade. Since the pioneering studies, which reported magnetic nanoparticles for bio-applications more than fifteen years ago, nanomaterials have increased in complexity with different shapes (nanoflowers, nanospheres, nanocubes, nanostars etc.) and compositions (e.g. core-shell) of nanoparticles for an increase in the sensitivity (imaging or sensing) and efficiency through synergistic treatments such as hyperthermia and drug delivery. In this review, we describe recent examples concerning the use of magnetic nanoparticles for bio-applications, from the surface functionalization methods to the development of cancer sensors and nanosystems for magnetic resonance and other imaging methodologies. Multifunctional nanosystems (nanocomposites, core shell nanomaterials) for theranostic applications involving treatments such as hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, targeted drug delivery, and gene silencing are also described. These nanomaterials could be the future of medicine, although their complexity raises concerns about their safety.
Effect of Titanium on Oxidation Behavior of High-Purity Ferritic Stainless Steel (2019)

The effect of Ti addition on the oxidation resistance of high-purity 19%Cr ferritic stainless steels has been investigated during isothermal heat treatment at temperatures between 1073 and 1273 K in air. The microstructures of the scale and scale/metal interface were investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction, field emission-transmission electron microscopy, together with micro-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Inside Cover: Palladium/Zinc Co‐Catalyzed syn‐Stereoselectively Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reaction of Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Phenols (Chem. Eur. J. 25/2015) (2015)

For the Asymmetric Ring-Opening Reaction of oxabenzonorbornadienes with oxygen- or nitrogen-based nucleophiles, only trans-configuration products were observed generally with Rh, Ir or Ru catalysts. In the Communication by B. Fan, J. Wang and co-workers on page 9003 ff., a new palladium/zinc co-catalyst associated with chiral (R)-Difluorphos for asymmetric ring-opening reaction of oxabenzonorbornadienes with phenol was developed, which afforded corresponding cis-2-aryloxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ol products in good yields (up to 95% yield) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Carrier lifetime measurements in 10 kV 4H-SiC diodes (2003)

The minority carrier lifetime τp has been measured by open circuit voltage decay (OCVD) and current recovery time (CRT) (or Lax-Neustadter&apos;s) techniques in high-voltage (10 kV) 4H-SiC p+n0n+ diodes. The τp value measured by OCVD is 1.55 µs at room temperature, which is the highest reported value for 4H-SiC diodes. CRT measurements indicate a homogeneous distribution of carrier lifetime across the diode base without any deteriorated layer between the p+-emitter and the n0-base. Some limitations of lifetime measurements by CRT are discussed.
Toward Ultimate Scaling of MOSFET (2015)

In this brief, we investigate the extendibility of FinFETs and planar bulk devices to 7- and 5-nm technology nodes focusing on electrostatics. At these nodes, the expected contacted device pitch will be in the range of 30-40 nm, requiring the gate length to scale to 12-14-nm range. We show that 6-nm-thick FinFET can scale to these gate lengths while maintaining the equivalent electrostatics as the current 14-nm node high-performance FinFETs. We show that planar bulk devices can scale to the same gate lengths using ultrashallow extension junctions and recessed device channel without aggressive gate insulator scaling and possess electrostatics equivalent to the high-performance planar 22-nm node.
Concurrently optimizing FPGA architecture parameters and transistor sizing: Implications for FPGA design (2009)

This paper presents a method that combines high-level and low-level architecture parameter exploration. The paper builds on an increasing body of work concerned with modeling reconfigurable architectures, and presents a full area and delay model of an FPGA. The optimization of this model is based on the use of geometric programming, and allows high-level architecture parameter selection and transistor sizing to be done concurrently. We use the framework to demonstrate that concurrent optimization of both high and low-level parameters can lead to significantly different architectural conclusions.
[18F]GE-180 PET Detects Reduced Microglia Activation After LM11A-31 Therapy in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2017)

Microglial activation is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PET imaging of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a strategy to detect microglial activation <i>in vivo</i>. Here we assessed flutriciclamide ([<sup>18</sup>F]GE-180), a new second-generation TSPO-PET radiotracer, for its ability to monitor response to LM11A-31, a novel AD therapeutic in clinical trials. AD mice displaying pathology were treated orally with LM11A-31 for 3 months. Subsequent [<sup>18</sup>F]GE-180-PET imaging revealed significantly lower signal in cortex and hippocampus of LM11A-31-treated AD mice compared to those treated with vehicle, corresponding with decreased levels of TSPO immunostaining and microglial Iba1 immunostaining. In addition to detecting decreased microglial activation following LM11A-31 treatment, [<sup>18</sup>F]GE-180 identified activated microglia in AD mice with greater sensitivity than another second-generation TSPO radiotracer, [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR06. Together, these data demonstrate the promise of [<sup>18</sup>F]GE-180 as a potentially sensitive tool for tracking neuroinflammation in AD mice and for monitoring therapeutic modulation of microglial activation.
Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from H2 and O2 Using Al2O3 Supported Au−Pd Catalysts (2006)

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using a range of alumina supported Au, Pd, and Au−Pd metal catalysts is described and discussed in detail for both fresh catalysts and materials that have been aged in storage. The conditions previously identified as being optimal for hydrogen peroxide synthesis (i.e., low temperatures (2 °C) and short reaction residence times) are employed, and the effect of catalyst composition and preparation was investigated in detail for the fresh catalysts. The addition of Pd to the Au catalyst increases the rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis as well as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed. Interestingly, the addition of relatively small amounts of Pd to the Au/Al2O3 catalyst, replacing up to 20% of the Au, significantly increases the formation of hydrogen peroxide. The microstructure of the catalysts was studied using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for both the fresh and the aged catalyst, and the supported bimetallic particles were found to be of core−shell morphology with a Pd-rich surface. Hence, relatively little Pd is needed to induce the enhanced catalytic formation of hydrogen peroxide. Calcination at 400 °C leads to the formation of stable reusable catalysts, whereas lower temperature pretreatments generate unstable catalysts that leach both Au and Pd into solution. Catalysts that have been aged in storage give an increase in activity for hydrogen peroxide synthesis by a factor of ca 3, and the relationship between the catalyst structure and this activity is discussed. The catalysts were also investigated for CO oxidation at 25 °C, and all were found to be inactive or almost inactive; similarly, catalysts that are very effective for low-temperature CO oxidation were found to be totally inactive for H2 oxidation to H2O2. This suggests an inverse correlation between catalysts that are active for either CO or H2 activation, and this is commented on with respect to the mechanism.
Robust optimisation of machining conditions with tool life and surface roughness uncertainties (2010)

The economics of the multi-pass turning problem is considered, while accounting for tool life uncertainty. The goal is to minimise the expected production cost per part, given the probability distribution for tool life, and with machining parameters being subject to practical constraints. The cost function accounts for machining cost, idling cost, tool changing cost as well as the cost associated with tool failure. A modified version of the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, called the dynamic objective PSO (or DOPSO), is used for minimisation of the cost function. The decision variables include not only the machining parameters but also the tool replacement time. The equality constraint that the total desired depth of cut be achieved by an integral number of roughing passes and a single finishing pass is handled in a novel way, and together with including tool replacement time as a decision variable, this leads to lower costs than those cited by other comparable previous works. To handle uncertain constraints that lead to part failure when violated (e.g. desired surface finish), a robust formulation is also suggested through similar incorporation in the cost function, as for tool failure.
Metaplectic anyons, Majorana zero modes, and their computational power (2013)

We introduce and study a class of anyon models that are a natural generalization of Ising anyons and Majorana fermion zero modes. These models combine an Ising anyon sector with a sector associated with $\mathit{\text{SO}}{(m)}_{2}$ Chern-Simons theory. We show how they can arise in a simple scenario for electron fractionalization and give a complete account of their quasiparticle types, fusion rules, and braiding. We show that the image of the braid group is finite for a collection of $2n$ fundamental quasiparticles and is a proper subgroup of the metaplectic representation of $Sp(2n\ensuremath{-}2,{\mathbb{F}}_{m})\ensuremath{\ltimes}H(2n\ensuremath{-}2,{\mathbb{F}}_{m})$, where $Sp(2n\ensuremath{-}2,{\mathbb{F}}_{m})$ is the symplectic group over the finite field ${\mathbb{F}}_{m}$ and $H(2n\ensuremath{-}2,{\mathbb{F}}_{m})$ is the extra special group (also called the $(2n\ensuremath{-}1)$-dimensional Heisenberg group) over ${\mathbb{F}}_{m}$. Moreover, the braiding of fundamental quasiparticles combined with a restricted set of measurements can be efficiently simulated classically. However, computing the result of braiding a certain type of composite quasiparticle followed by fusion into the identity is $#P$-hard. It is not universal for quantum computation because it has a finite braid group image. This is a rare example of a topological phase that is not universal for quantum computation through braiding but nevertheless has $#P$-hard link invariants. We argue that our models are closely related to recent analyses finding non-Abelian anyonic properties for defects in quantum Hall systems, generalizing Majorana zero modes in quasi-1D systems.
A Novel Reheat Combustor Experiment for the Analysis of High-Frequency Flame Dynamics: Concept and Experimental Validation (2018)

This paper presents a novel sequential combustor experiment for the study of reheat flame responses to high-frequency, transversal thermoacoustic oscillations. The reheat combustion chamber is of flat, quasi two-dimensional design to distinctly separate combustion areas dominated by auto-ignition and aerodynamic flame stabilization. This specific combustor setup furthermore promotes the occurrence of pressure pulsations at the first transverse resonance frequency, often referred to as screech. For investigation of combustion and acoustic properties, the reheat stage is equipped with pulsation probes at the face plate, and the entire combustion zone is optically accessible from all lateral sides to allow for (laser-) optical flame and flow diagnostics. In order to validate the qualification of the experimental setup for investigations of high-frequency flame dynamics, the reheat combustion regime and resulting transverse pressure dynamics are investigated. The desired flame shape with distinct auto-ignition and aerodynamic flame stabilization zones is achieved and can be sensibly controlled. Analyzing the frequency spectrum of the dynamic pressure measurements at the combustor face plate reveals the first transverse resonance at approximately 1600 Hz, which satisfies a key goal of the specific design. Overall, the setup qualifies for studying flame-acoustics interaction in reheat combustors and provides an experimental benchmark for modeling efforts and their validation. This will eventually contribute to design countermeasures to thermoacoustic pulsations for improved future generations of gas turbine combustors.
Synthesis of Chiral Azabicycles from Pyroglutaminols (2016)

The stereocontrolled synthesis of a range of substituted bicyclic morpholine and piperazine derivatives is reported from substituted pyroglutaminols via an intramolecular S<sub>N</sub>2 cyclization as the key step. This enantiospecific approach toward chiral bicyclic morpholines and piperazines offers new opportunities to access these challenging ring systems, which are becoming increasingly common motifs in drug discovery.
Independent polarisation control of multiple optical traps (2008)

We present a system which uses a single spatial light modulator to control the spin angular momentum of multiple optical traps. These traps may be independently controlled both in terms of spatial location and in terms of their spin angular momentum content. The system relies on a spatial light modulator used in a "split-screen" configuration to generate beams of orthogonal polarisation states which are subsequently combined at a polarising beam splitter. Defining the phase difference between the beams with the spatial light modulator enables control of the polarisation state of the light. We demonstrate the functionality of the system by controlling the rotation and orientation of birefringent vaterite crystals within holographic optical tweezers.
Ostwald ripening in two dimensions: Correlations and scaling beyond mean field (1998)

We present a systematic quasi-mean-field model of the Ostwald ripening process in two dimensions. Our approach yields a set of dynamic equations for the temporal evolution of the minority phase droplets' radii. The equations contain only pairwise interactions between the droplets; these interactions are evaluated in a mean-field-type manner. We proceed to solve numerically the dynamic equations for systems of tens of thousands of interacting droplets. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data obtained by Krichevsky and Stavans [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1473 (1993); Phys. Rev. E 52, 1818 (1995)] for the relatively large volume fraction $\ensuremath{\varphi}=0.13$. We found good agreement with experiment even for various correlation functions.
Allergens from house dust and storage mites (2022)

Summary House dust mites are among the most important allergy triggers worldwide. While mites of the genus Dermatophagoides occur almost worldwide, the tropical mite Blomia tropicalis and storage mites are only of importance for certain areas or groups of people. The most important allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding frequencies of more than 70% and high allergenic activity. Also of importance are Der p 5, Der p 7, and Der p 21, which have IgE-binding frequencies of about 30%. According to the current state of knowledge, these six allergens are the allergens of clinical relevance which are also required for diagnosis and immunotherapy with individual components.
EducationalTestingService/rsmtool: Version 5.2.1 (2016)

This is a minor bugfix release. What's new? Update SKLL requirement to v1.3. This allows us to streamline the RSMTool conda recipe into a single recipe (using the MKL backend instead of OpenBLAS on macOS/Linux) Update all other conda packages to their latest versions. Minor fixes and updates to tests.
Artificial intelligence–augmented electrocardiography for left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients undergoing high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (2022)

Among ED patients evaluated with hs-cTnT, a positive AI-ECG for LVSD identifies patients at high risk for MACE. The conjoint use of hs-cTnT and AI-ECG facilitates risk stratification.
Reliable Assay of Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency with the Mutation Q292K by Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2015)

To the Editor:

Niemann-Pick-A/B disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase (1). Efforts are underway to develop novel therapies for this disease, and some newborn screening centers have started to test for acid sphingomyelinase enzymatic activity in dried blood spots on newborn screening cards. Available assays for newborn screening include tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)1 (2) and fluorometry (3). Diagnostic laboratories have typically used a radiometric assay with radiolabeled sphingomyelin or the fluorometric assay (4). However, in a detailed study of 24 patients confirmed as having Niemann-Pick-A/B disease, 4 had the Q292K missense allele. Fibroblasts from these 4 patients showed a normal to increased acid sphingomyelinase activity when assayed with the fluorometric substrate but displayed activity in the radiometric assay with natural sphingomyelin substrate in the low end of the range of the affected samples (4). The age of onset of symptoms in these 4 patients was <1, 1, <2, and <3 years, suggesting that the disease can be quite severe in patients harboring this allele (4). This led to the conclusion of a “diagnostic pitfall” in the use …