gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor in mouse urine: non-blood origin, and increase by sialoadenectomy and T4 therapy (1985)

To study the origin and regulation of urinary epidermal growth factor (U-EGF), we measured EGF in adult female mouse plasma, urine and kidney tissue. We also studied the effects of excision of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) and, after SMG excision and sham operation, 10-day therapies with T4 (0.4 microgram/g daily), testosterone propionate (TP, 12.5 micrograms/g every 48 h), and SMG extract (25 micrograms EGF daily). We measured EGF with a specific liquid phase radioimmunoassay. The mean apparent urinary clearance was 150-fold higher for EGF than for urea. U-EGF was increased 24 h after the last sc injection of SMG extract. SMG excision caused a 2.2-fold increase in U-EGF and in apparent EGF clearance. T4 brought about a 1.5 to 1.75-fold increase in U-EGF while TP was without effect. Kidney EGF (K-EGF) responded to T4 and TP like U-EGF, but SMG excision and extract were without effect on K-EGF. We conclude that 1) the immunoassayable EGF in blood plasma and SMG-EGF do not appear to be major sources of U-EGF but plasma EGF may be a minor source, 2) kidney tissue appears not to be a major source of U-EGF, 3) production of U-EGF is activated by SMG excision, 4) T4 increases both U- and K-EGF while testosterone has no effect.
RNAP II CTD tyrosine 1 performs diverse functions in vertebrate cells (2014)

The RNA polymerase II largest subunit (Rpb1) contains a unique C-terminal domain (CTD) that plays multiple roles during transcription. The CTD is composed of consensus Y(1)S(2)P(3)T(4)S(5)P(6)S(7) repeats, in which Ser, Thr and Tyr residues can all be phosphorylated. Here we report analysis of CTD Tyr1 using genetically tractable chicken DT40 cells. Cells expressing an Rpb1 derivative with all Tyr residues mutated to Phe (Rpb1-Y1F) were inviable. Remarkably, Rpb1-Y1F was unstable, degraded to a CTD-less form; however stability, but not cell viability, was fully rescued by restoration of a single C-terminal Tyr (Rpb1-25F+Y). Cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic Rpb1 was phosphorylated exclusively on Tyr1, and phosphorylation specifically of Tyr1 prevented CTD degradation by the proteasome in vitro. Tyr1 phosphorylation was also detected on chromatin-associated, hyperphosphorylated Rpb1, consistent with a role in transcription. Indeed, we detected accumulation of upstream antisense (ua) RNAs in Rpb1-25F+Y cells, indicating a role for Tyr1 in uaRNA expression.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02112.001.
Differential Effect of Dementia Etiology on Cortical Stiffness as Assessed by MR Elastography (2023)

Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by impairment in memory and activities of daily living, altered behavior, personality, and other cognitive dysfunctions. Around 50 million people have dementia worldwide, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year. MR elastography is a non-invasive imaging technique to measure the mechanical properties of tissues and has demonstrated sensitivity to neurodegenerative processes. In this study we utilized two neural network inversions to investigate the viscoelastic property changes in cortical regions with both tissue- and environment-weighting in various etiologies of dementia including Alzheimer&amp;rsquo;s, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Long-term air pollution exposures and retinal arteriolar diameters over 8 years of follow-up in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2016)

Introduction: The mechanism underlying associations between cardiovascular disease and air pollution exposure is unknown, but microvascular phenomena may play a role in this relationship. There is cross-sectional evidence that long-term air pollution exposure is associated with narrower arteriolar caliber. We examined associations between NOX and PM2.5 and changes in microvascular caliber over time as measured by central retinal arteriolar equivalents (CRAE). Methods The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a multisite cohort study. Retinal photographs were taken at two MESA examinations approximately 8 years apart and diameters of arterioles were measured using a validated computer-assisted analysis approach (&gt;=1 measurement n=4,370). Average ambient air pollution concentrations of PM2.5 and NOX were estimated at participant residences for the period between examinations using spatiotemporal likelihood regression using geographic covariates and cohort-specific monitoring campaigns. We used linear mixed effects regression. We adjusted for modeled baseline CRAE, pre-baseline air pollution, age, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, smoking, BMI, time, blood pressure, and education. Results For an interquartile range (IQR) difference (3.0 μg/m3) in PM2.5 exposure, the adjusted association with CRAE was -0.14 µm/year (95% CI=-0.29, 0.02; P=0.086). For an IQR difference (42 ppb) in NOX exposure, the adjusted association was -0.12 µm/year change in CRAE (CI =-0.37, 0.13; P=0.329). A 10-year difference in baseline age was associated with -0.07 µm/year (CI =-0.13, -.01) change in CRAE. Conclusion We found suggestive evidence of an association between estimated PM2.5 exposure and change over time in the caliber of retinal arterioles, a valuable barometer of microvascular impact. This may support the hypothesis that air pollution precedes microvascular effects reflected as changes in retinal arteriole diameters.
Functional Dynamic In-Vivo Stresses of the Mitral Valve Anterior Leaflet (2011)

Although mitral valve (MV) repair surgeries are commonly performed, their long-term durability has not been completely satisfying. In most cases, failure was a result of disruption at the leaflet, chordae, or annular suture lines. These failure modes suggest excessive stress and the resulting tissue damage as etiologic factors. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to better estimate functional dynamic in-vivo stresses in the MV anterior leaflet (AL) midsection. The stress was computed from the dynamic in-vivo strain measured experimentally. Numerous in-vivo and in-vitro studies (e.g. [3, 4]) have been conducted to quantify MV dynamic strain. We used in-vivo strain data obtained from our well-established ovine model [4]. To calculate the in-vivo strain, we employed the actual unloaded state of the tissue as the reference frame, measured for the first time in this study. The AL stress was then computed using our nonlinear structural constitutive model [5].
IDDF2022-ABS-0103 A selective class I HDAC inhibitor recovers intratumoral interferon signaling to overcome immune-checkpoint blockade resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies by antibodies have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for a variety of cancers. Although subsets of people exhibit durable responses, resistance and relapse are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). <h3>Methods</h3> ICB-resistant orthotopic-grafted murine models were established via a serial selection of HCC cells in ICB-treated mice. Single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell multiomics, which enable simultaneous profiling of the transcriptome and chromatin landscape in the same single nuclei, were applied to decode the mechanisms underlying the ICB resistance and the epigenetic re-sensitization of ICB therapy, respectively. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine the immune profiles. <h3>Results</h3> We successfully established the ICB-resistant murine models of HCC, and clarified their cellular and molecular reprogramming during the ICB therapy. Notably, our single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that tumor intrinsic interferon-gamma (IFNγ) response was most significantly suppressed in ICB-resistant tumors, which was associated with decreased T cell activation and intratumoral infiltration. More importantly, we found that a novel specific class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor CXD101 synergised with PD-(L)1 antibody to eradicate the tumor and prolong survival in our ICB-resistant mouse models, which was accompanied by enhanced intratumoral infiltration and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Mechanistically, CXD101 combined with PD-L1 inhibition dramatically recovered the silenced tumor IFNγ pathway via enhancing the chromatin accessibility of key IFNγ responsive genes, thereby triggering an antitumor immune response. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings suggest that the corruption of tumor intrinsic IFNγ response may confer ICB resistance during the cancer cell evolution upon ICB therapy, which can be rectified by selective class I HDAC inhibition.
Hand-held Schlieren Photography with Light Field probes (2011)

We introduce a new approach to capturing refraction in transparent media, which we call Light Field Background Oriented Schlieren Photography (LFBOS). By optically coding the locations and directions of light rays emerging from a light field probe, we can capture changes of the refractive index field between the probe and a camera or an observer. Rather than using complicated and expensive optical setups as in traditional Schlieren photography we employ commodity hardware; our prototype consists of a camera and a lenslet array. By carefully encoding the color and intensity variations of a 4D probe instead of a diffuse 2D background, we avoid expensive computational processing of the captured data, which is necessary for Background Oriented Schlieren imaging (BOS). We analyze the benefits and limitations of our approach and discuss application scenarios.
Investigation of Ink-Substrate Adhesion in LEP Printing (2009)

Understanding of ink-paper adhesion in LEP printing through interface investigation is presented. Relationship between macroscopic time dependent work of adhesion measurement, polar content of paper and ink surfaces, and interfacial acid-base interaction is revealed. Direct observation of the ink-paper interfacial interaction through ATR-FTIR measurement is described and C-O stretching band around 1152 cm&#x2212;1 is shown to indicate acid-base interaction. Papers with high polar content exhibit strong intensity as well as reduction in the band location of the C-O stretch. Intensity ratio of C-O stretch around 1152 cm&#x2212;1 and a neighboring C-C stretch at 1168 cm&#x2212;1 is shown to have a linear relationship with the total work of adhesion immediately after printing.
Reversal of Hyperglycemia and Suppression of Type 1 Diabetes in the NOD Mouse with Apoptotic DNA Immunotherapy™ (ADi™), ADi-100 (2020)

The antigen-specific apoptotic DNA immunotherapeutic, ADi-100, is designed to suppress type 1 diabetes and consists of two DNA plasmids encoding genetic sequences of the apoptosis-inducing molecule, BAX, and the secreted form of the autoantigen, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, that is CpG hyper-methylated to avoid inflammatory signaling (msGAD55). Upon a four-day treatment with ADi-100 of young female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the frequency of various tolerogenic dendritic cell populations increased in draining lymph nodes; these cells lost the capacity to stimulate glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes and were associated with the previously demonstrated enhancement of GAD-specific regulatory T cells. The efficacy of two ADi-100 formulations containing different proportions of BAX and msGAD55, 1:4 (10/40 µg) and 1:2 (17/33 µg), was evaluated in mildly hyperglycemic pre-diabetic NOD female mice. Both formulations suppressed the incidence of diabetes by 80% in an antigen-specific manner, while all untreated mice developed diabetes. However, treatment of pre-diabetic mice with significantly higher hyperglycemia, denoting progressive disease, showed that ADi-100 1:2 strongly suppressed diabetes incidence by 80% whereas the ADi-100 1:4 was less effective (50%). As an antigen-specific monotherapy, ADi-100 is highly efficacious in reversing elevated hyperglycemia to prevent diabetes, in which increasing apoptosis-inducing BAX content is a promising immune tolerance feature.
Antibacterial properties of polypyrrole-treated fabrics by ultrasound deposition (2019)

Antimicrobial textiles can contribute to the fighting against antibiotic resistance pathogenic microorganisms. Polypyrrole is a conjugated polymer that exerts a biocidal action thanks to positive charges on its backbone chain produced during it synthesis. In this work, dispersions of stable polypyrrole nanoparticles were produced by chemical oxidative polymerization at room temperature in water. An ultrasound-assisted coating process was then used to effectively treat a polyester fabric with the nanoparticles to obtain an optimal antibacterial coating which efficiently eradicates the bacteria. The results showed that the treated fabric with about 4 g/m<sup>2</sup> of polypyrrole had log bacteria reductions of 6.0 against Staphylococcus aureus and 7.5 against Escherichia coli. The combination of a polypyrrole synthesis in the form of water nanoparticles dispersions and a continuous coating of fabrics supported by ultrasound overcomes some issues of upscaling of the traditional in-situ chemical deposition used until now for the production of polypyrrole-coated textiles.
Recursive Methods for Synthesizing Permutations on Limited-Connectivity Quantum Computers (2022)

We describe a family of recursive methods for the synthesis of qubit permutations on quantum computers with limited qubit connectivity. Two objectives are of importance: circuit size and depth. In each case we combine a scalable heuristic with a non-scalable, yet exact, synthesis. Our algorithms are applicable to generic connectivity constraints, scale favorably, and achieve close-to-optimal performance in many cases. We demonstrate the utility of these algorithms by optimizing the compilation of Quantum Volume circuits, and to disprove an old conjecture on reversals being the hardest permutation on a path.
A 140 Mbit/s CMOS LSI framer chip for a broad-band ISDN local access system (1988)

A LSI framer chip, which provides a SONET-like time-division-multiplexed frame structure and which has been implemented in a production 2- mu m CMOS technology, is described. Current samples of the chip have been tested functional to 160 Mb/s. The primary attributes presented include the circuit features used to achieve high-bit-rate operation, the level translation circuits which afford direct interfacing to ECL level clock and data signals, and the functional capabilities which lead to broad application of the chip in communications networks. Several examples of its use in a prototype broadband local access network are also described. The ship operates from a single 5-V supply, dissipates approximately 420 mW, and is packaged in a 68-pin leadless ceramic chip carrier (LCCC) package.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Central Action of Adrenomedullin to Inhibit Gastric Emptying in Rats* (1997)

The central action of human adrenomedullin (AM) to influence gastric emptying and the peripheral mechanisms involved were studied in conscious rats. The 20-min rate of gastric emptying of a methylcellulose solution was assessed after intracisternal (i.c.) injection of AM or rat alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alphaCGRP). AM and alphaCGRP dose-dependently inhibited gastric emptying with i.c. ED50 values of 120 and 100 pmol, respectively. Human proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (150-600 pmol, i.c.) and AM (150 pmol, i.v.) had no effect. The inhibitory actions of AM and alphaCGRP (150 pmol, i.c.) were completely blocked by the CGRP antagonist, human CGRP-(8-37) injected i.c. at 30 microg, but not at 15 microg. The CRF antagonist, [D-Phe12,Nle(21,38),C(alpha)MeLeu37]CRF-(12-41) (10 microg/rat) injected i.c. prevented i.c. rat/human CRF (150 pmol)-induced 53% inhibition of gastric emptying while not modifying the effect of AM. The action of AM (150 pmol, i.c.) was abolished by bilateral adrenalectomy or the beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), but was not altered by indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. These results indicate that i.c. AM and alphaCGRP equipotently inhibit gastric emptying through mechanisms similarly antagonized by a high dose of CGRP-(8-37). The central AM action is mediated through adrenal-dependent, beta-adrenergic pathways independently from activation of central CRF receptors.
Blick in den viralen Baukasten (2018)

Abstract Anhand der HIV‐Infektion wollen Strukturbiologen die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen dem krank machenden Virus und seinem Wirt besser verstehen. Ergeben sich daraus neue therapeutische Ansätze? In jedem Fall Einsichten in grundlegende Zellmechanismen.
W-band MEMS-based TWT development (2004)

Summary form only given. Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. is funded by the U.S. Air Force to develop advanced, wideband, high frequency, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based traveling wave tubes (TWTs) for the transformational communications architecture. Specifically, the program is developing an 83.5 GHz TWT. Full power testing of the TWT in a solenoid magnetic field by Boeing Satellite System, Inc. is planned in 2004. Following successful completion, PPM focusing will be implemented and development of a device for space qualification will begin. The program is scheduled for completion in April 2005. Successful completion of this program will increase the operating range and applications for vacuum-based RF devices.
Paper Microfluidics as an Enabling Platform for Low-Cost Diagnostics (2012)

Novel technologies are needed to address the urgent healthcare requirements of patients in the developing world and other resource-limited settings. Diagnostic devices that provide critical patient information at the point of need play a key role in the treatment and monitoring of disease. Such devices must be robust, simple to use, actionable, and extremely low in cost. Paper and other porous media provide an attractive platform from which to build devices that are able to address these needs. In an effort to expand the capabilities of porous media in diagnostics, we present a novel platform based on patterned paper microfluidic devices. In particular, 3-dimensional devices formed by stacking multiple layers of patterned paper provide the ability to perform many fluidic handling operations including: filtration; splitting; mixing; incubation; capture; and separations. Diagnostics For All (DFA) is developing tests based on this platform, in order to provide highly-functional diagnostic devices at unprecedented low cost. In this presentation, we will describe some specific examples of paper-based tests designed specifically for use in resource-poor areas.
EVALUATION OF CHOROIDAL PERFUSION OF THE NEW CENTRAL MACULAR AREA BY DILUTION ANALYSIS OFINDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY AFTER MACULAR TRANSLOCATION (2004)

Choroidal perfusion parameters in the new foveal region do not change after macular translocation surgery.
Prospective evaluation of complications associated with orthosis and prosthesis use in canine patients (2022)

Three major complications associated with canine orthosis and prosthesis use were identified in this study as follows: Skin complications (abrasions, loss of hair, and sores), mechanical device problems, and patient non-acceptance of the device. Owners should be notified of these potential complications prior to pursuing orthoses or prostheses as a potential treatment option. Although clinical improvement was noted in the majority of patients with stifle and carpal pathology, given the lack of a control group, it is unknown how much of this improvement can be attributed to the orthoses.
Molecular glass photoresists for advanced lithography (2006)

Molecular glass resists are low molecular-weight organic photoresist materials that readily form stable amorphous glasses above room temperature. We have created new families of molecular glass materials that function as both positive and negative resists capable of producing fine features as small as 35 nm line/space patterns using either extreme UV (13.4 nm) or electron beam lithography. These molecular glass resists have promising properties and are being considered as alternative choices to polymeric resists for next generation photoresist design.
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ESTIMATION FROM INDUCED POLARIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF A COBBLE FRAMEWORK (2013)

Mechanistic models now exist to predict hydraulic conductivity (K) from the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of granular media. The Stern Layer Polarization (SLP) model invokes a model for the electrical double layer at the mineral-fluid interface to describe the complex surface conductivity of single spherical grain; the macroscopic measured complex conductivity of a porous medium is computed based on a relationship between the distributions of polarization relaxation times and grain sizes, and an assumption that the polarization is only attributed to the Stern layer. We examined the predictive capabilities of this model for unconsolidated coarse fluvial sediments. Samples were retrieved from the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site (BHRS), located on a gravel bar adjacent to the Boise River 15 km southeast of downtown Boise, Idaho. A sample holder (0.102 m diameter) was designed to include the cobble framework into reconstituted samples representing the primary stratigraphic units defined at this site. SIP (0.001-1000 Hz) and K (from Darcy tests) were recorded for twelve samples, with SIP measurements made as a function of pore fluid conductivity (3-300 mS/m); grain size distribution and total porosity were also determined. The SLP model over-predicts K by 1-2 orders of magnitude when the cobble framework is included in the grain size distribution; in contrast, discounting the cobble framework results in K estimates from the SLP model close to measured values from Darcy tests. Similarly, the SLP model under-predicts the imaginary conductivity (s”) by more than an order of magnitude unless the cobble framework is discounted. A revised model for the SIP response of a granular material containing a cobble framework is therefore proposed whereby the polarization is only attributed to grains finer than the cobble fraction. This assumption is reasonable as the polarization of the cobble fraction will occur at frequencies below the lowest frequency (typically 0.001 Hz) practically measurable with the SIP technique.
Provisioning QoS features for input-queued ATM switches (1998)

A new scheduling algorithm is proposed to improve on existing algorithms designed for input-queued ATM switches. By assigning a session weight according to its queue length normalised by its rate and using maximum weight matching to obtain a match, the proposed algorithm can avoid starvation of slow sessions, thus providing good delay properties as well as fair services, and at the same time reducing traffic burstiness.
<title>Automated inspection station for optical inspection of multifocal intraocular lenses</title> (1994)

An automated inspection station is a specifically designed for quality assurance inspection of multifocal intraocular lenses in the manufacturing environment. The station provides automatic measurements for all required optical parameters of the AMO ARRAY<SUP>TM</SUP> multifocal IOL, which includes labeling parameters such as effective focal length, aqueous diopter power (distance power), add power (near power), and depth-of-focus (DOF) around the distance power, and optical quality parameters such as resolution efficiency, image contrast modulation (MTF), through focus response (TFR), and astigmatism.