gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Diversity in WCDMA FDD Downlink for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services using Chip Block Interleaving (2005)

Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) is introduced in the Release 6 of the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and is characterized by relatively longer interleaving depth. This paper investigates the exploitation of the longer interleaving depth by chip block interleaving to obtain intra-bit diversity. Both terrestrial and satellite modes of MBMS delivery mechanisms are studied and it is found out that chip block interleaving provides a reduction in the transmission power (2.5 dB in terrestrial flat Rayleigh fading channel, 0.75 dB in 4-tap 3GPP Case 3 radio channel, 1.5 dB in satellite line of sight Ricean flat fading channel and 0.7 dB in 9-tap satellite multipath fading due to intermediate module repeaters) at moderate speeds of 30-50 km/h and a moderate interleaving depth of 20 ms for 64 kbps data service. Moreover, it is also shown that for terrestrial mobile radio channels, the gain provided by chip block interleaving with block length equal to half the spreading factor and using only one transmit antenna is equal to that provided by Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) that requires two transmit antennas.
Synthèse d'analogues de nucléosides carbocycliques à partir de précurseurs cyclobuténiques (1999)

Ce travail est axe sur la preparation d'analogues de nucleosides carbocycliques de taille variable, obtenus soit par introduction directe de la base azotee, soit par construction a partir d'une amine. Les substrats de ces syntheses sont deux composes cyclobuteniques : l'anhydride cis-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylique et la 2-aza-cis-bicyclo2. 2. 0hex-5-ene-3-one. Une nouvelle voie d'acces a cet anhydride, moins dangereuse que celle decrite precedemment a partir de l'acetylene, a ete developpee. La contraction de cycle stereosemective d'une bromhydrine cyclobutanique a conduit a un aldehyde cyclopropanique, qui apres oxydation, puis degradation d'hofmann, a permis d'acceder a l'amine precurseur d'analogues cyclopropaniques encombres cis, cis-1,2,3-trisubstitues. L'introduction de l'adenine sur un epoxyde dissymetrique s'est effectuee avec une bonne regioselectivite, demontree a l'aide de nombreuses experiences de rmn, principalement par correlations 1h/ 1 3c directes et a longue distance. L'amenagement du derive nucleosidique obtenu de facon majoritaire, et notamment l'elimination d'un motif selenoxyde, a permis de former un analogue cyclobutanique portant une double liaison exocyclique. L'ouverture thermique de cyclobutenes azotes a ete realisee. Un seul diene est obtenu de facon selective par cette strategie rapide. L'utilisation dans des cycloadditions 4 + 2 de diels-alder d'un des dienes carbamates prepares, a permis la synthese d'amines cyclohexeniques entierement cis-tetra ou cis-trisubstituees. Cette approche a conduit au premier analogue cyclohexenique trihydroxyle connu. Ce travail de these montre diverses applications des cyclobutenes en synthese.
Study of rare-earth free Sn<sup>2+</sup> doped glass scintillator (2013)

0.1SnO-24.9SrO-75B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , 0.5SnO-24.5SrO-75B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , 0.5SnO-40Li <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O-40B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -20SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and 5SnO-60ZnO-40P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> glasses were developed and evaluated on their scintillation properties. They all exhibited a broad luminescent peak around 400 nm due to Sn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ns <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> type emission. In pulse height spectra, the absolute light yield of the brightest sample, 5SnO-60ZnO-40P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> ,was around 400 ph/5.5 MeV-α.
Protons Enhance Conductivities in Lithium Halide Hydroxide/Lithium Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes by Forming Rotating Hydroxy Groups (2017)

Abstract Li‐halide hydroxides (Li 2 OHX) and Li‐oxyhalides (Li 3 OX) have emerged as new classes of low‐cost, lightweight solid state electrolytes (SSE) showing promising Li‐ion conductivities. The similarity in the lattice parameters between them, careless synthesis, and insufficient rigor in characterization often lead to erroneous interpretations of their compositions. Finally, moisture remaining in the synthesis or cell assembling environment and variability in the equivalent circuit models additionally contribute to significant errors in their properties. Thus, there remains a controversy about the real values of Li‐ion conductivities in such SSEs. Here an ultra‐fast synthesis and comprehensive material characterization is utilized to report on the ionic conductivities of contaminant‐free Li2+xOH 1−x Cl (x=0‐0.7), and Li 2 OHBr not exceeding 10 ‐4 S cm ‐1 at 110 °C. Using powerful combination of experimental and numerical approaches, it is demonstrated that the presence of H in these SSEs yields significantly higher Li + ‐ionic conductivity. Born‐Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations show excellent agreement with experimental results and reveal an unexpected mechanism for faster Li + transport. It involves rotation of a short OH‐group in SSEs, which opens lower‐energy pathways for the formation of Frenkel defects and highly‐correlated Li + jumps. These findings will reduce the existing confusions and show new avenues for tuning SSE compositions for further improved Li‐ion conductivities.
L-arginine prevents ischemic injury in explanted rat intestinal regions in an ex vivo perfusion model (2022)

The small intestine is one of the most sensitive organs to ischemia. L-arginine has been shown to reduce damage from ischemia and reperfusion injury. We hypothesize that explanted intestinal segments from rats will demonstrate reduced susceptibility to ischemic injury when perfused with l-arginine. 45 small intestinal segments were harvested from male Sprague-Dawley rats and connected to an ex vivo intestinal perfusion device. Ischemic damage was induced by perfusing the extraluminal side with Ringer-HEPES buffer saturated with 100% N2. All segments were then perfused intraluminally with and without l-arginine. We conducted a set of experiments with intraluminal perfusion with both l-arginine and N-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of the nitric oxide – arginine pathway. Control segments were perfused extraluminally under non-ischemic conditions and intraluminally with and without l-arginine. The intraluminal perfusate contained FITC-inulin, and the fluorescence signal of FITC-inulin was measured to calculate average fluid secretion, which directly corresponds to the extent of ischemic injury. Intestinal segments perfused with l-arginine had significantly decreased secretion over time in comparison to intestinal segments perfused without l-arginine (p<0.0001). Perfusion with L-NAME abrogated the protective effect of l-arginine. Intraluminal perfusion with l-arginine reduced ischemic damage to harvested intestine.
Stability and Exchange Studies of Alkanethiol Monolayers on Gold-Nanoparticle-Coated Silica Microspheres (2001)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylate- and amine-terminated alkanethiols were formed on gold-nanoparticle-coated microspheres. The stability and place-exchange reactions of fluorescently labeled derivatives of these monolayers were studied as a function of time and storage conditions. Changes in the fluorescence intensity of the derivatized SAMs were monitored using fluorescence microscopy. Gold-nanoparticle-coated microspheres were prepared by first derivatizing silica microspheres with a thiol-containing silane followed by self-assembly of the gold nanoparticles onto the microsphere surfaces. Nanoparticle assembly was performed by mixing thiol-activated silica with a citrate-stabilized solution of gold nanoparticles in ultrapure water. The mean diameter of the gold particles was 14.5 ± 0.9 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mean diameter of the gold nanoparticles, after assembly onto the microsphere surfaces, was essentially unchanged (14.0 ± 2.8 nm). The relative surface coverage of the silica microspheres with gold was found to be dependent on the concentration of gold nanoparticles in solution and on the incubation time. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to obtain high-resolution images of the microspheres before and after the gold coating procedure. As the surface coverage increased, the measured surface roughness of the silica microspheres also increased. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the surface roughness of individual microspheres. The surface roughness of the microspheres and the chemical composition of the SAM were found to correlate with differences in SAM stability. SAMs on microspheres with relatively higher surface roughness were less stable and were more susceptible to place-exchange reactions. Carboxylate-terminated monolayers were found to be more stable than amine-terminated SAMs. A novel method for determining the relative amounts of exchange of fluorescently labeled alkanethiols between different monolayer-coated microspheres is reported. In this method, the transfer of fluorescently labeled alkanethiols composing SAMs on one set of gold-coated microspheres to nonlabeled SAMs on another set of gold-coated microspheres is monitored as a function of time using fluorescence microscopy. A collision-dependent mechanism was found to influence the rate and amount of exchange of alkanethiol between microspheres. The stability and exchange properties of SAMs on gold-nanoparticle-coated microspheres are presented in this paper.
Prolonged viral suppression with anti-HIV-1 antibody therapy (2022)

HIV-1 infection remains a public health problem with no cure. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is effective but requires lifelong drug administration owing to a stable reservoir of latent proviruses integrated into the genome of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells<sup>1</sup>. Immunotherapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies has the potential to suppress infection and increase the rate of clearance of infected cells<sup>2,3</sup>. Here we report on a clinical study in which people living with HIV received seven doses of a combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies over 20 weeks in the presence or absence of ART. Without pre-screening for antibody sensitivity, 76% (13 out of 17) of the volunteers maintained virologic suppression for at least 20 weeks off ART. Post hoc sensitivity analyses were not predictive of the time to viral rebound. Individuals in whom virus remained suppressed for more than 20 weeks showed rebound viraemia after one of the antibodies reached serum concentrations below 10 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>. Two of the individuals who received all seven antibody doses maintained suppression after one year. Reservoir analysis performed after six months of antibody therapy revealed changes in the size and composition of the intact proviral reservoir. By contrast, there was no measurable decrease in the defective reservoir in the same individuals. These data suggest that antibody administration affects the HIV-1 reservoir, but additional larger and longer studies will be required to define the precise effect of antibody immunotherapy on the reservoir.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Nitric Oxide Formation in Internal Combustion Engines (1970)

Abstract The nonequilibrium formation of nitric oxide within the internal combustion engine cylinder is examined. A thermodynamic model which predicts the properties of the burnt and unburnt gases during the combustion process is developed. A set of reactions which govern the formation of nitric oxide is proposed, and rate equations for nitric oxide concentrations as a function of time in the post-flame gases are derived. The results of time-resolved measurements carried out on a CFR engine are described, where emitted light intensities at wavelengths selected to record radiation from the CO + O and NO + O continua were used to determine the nitric oxide concentration. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results for fuel-lean mixtures confirms that the important features of the model presented are correct.
The Rise and Fall of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Ongoing Diversification of Omicron (2022)

In late December of 2019, high-throughput sequencing technologies enabled rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 as the etiological agent of COVID-19, and global sequencing efforts are now a critical tool for monitoring the ongoing spread and evolution of this virus. Here, we provide a short retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants by analyzing a subset (<i>n</i> = 97,437) of all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes (<i>n</i> = ~11.9 million) that were randomly selected but equally distributed over the course of the pandemic. We plot the appearance of new variants of concern (VOCs) over time and show that the mutation rates in Omicron (BA.1) and Omicron sub-lineages (BA.2-BA.5) are significantly elevated compared to previously identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Mutations in Omicron are primarily restricted to the spike and nucleocapsid proteins, while 24 other viral proteins-including those involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication-are generally conserved. Collectively, this suggests that the genetic distinction of Omicron primarily arose from selective pressures on the spike, and that the fidelity of replication of this variant has not been altered.
Stabilization of a DC electrical network by damping injection (2014)

It is well known that interactions between weakly damped LC input filters and constant power loads (CPL) can lead to instability. This paper deals, in particular, with this problem when several CPL are connected to the network through undamped LC filters. The second goal is the energy management. They are mainly achieved by controlling the energy flow between the network and a storage device. The latter is a super-capacitor connected to the network via two DC-DC converters. After Port controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) expression of the system dynamics, they are controlled using the passivity approach. A proof of stability of the controlled system is given. Robustness tests relative to parameters uncertainties are realized and simulation results confirm the validity the proposed approach. This approach has also the advantage of requiring the measurement of only two state variables.
Evaluating the microstructure of human brain tissues using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (2010)

Minimally invasive deep brain neurosurgical interventions require a profound knowledge of the morphology of the human brain. Generic brain atlases are based on histology including multiple preparation steps during the sectioning and staining. In order to correct the distortions induced in the anisotropic, inhomogeneous soft matter and therefore improve the accuracy of brain atlases, a non-destructive 3D imaging technique with the required spatial and density resolution is of great significance. Micro computed tomography provides true micrometer resolution. The application to post mortem human brain, however, is questionable because the differences of the components concerning X-ray absorption are weak. Therefore, magnetic resonance tomography has become the method of choice for three-dimensional imaging of human brain. Because the spatial resolution of this method is limited, an alternative has to be found for the three-dimensional imaging of cellular microstructures within the brain. Therefore, the present study relies on the synchrotron radiationbased micro computed tomography in the recently developed grating-based phase contrast mode. Using data acquired at the beamline ID 19 (ESRF, Grenoble, France) we demonstrate that grating-based tomography yields premium images of human thalamus, which can be used for the correction of histological distortions by 3D non-rigid registration.
DIANA: An End-to-End Energy-Efficient Digital and ANAlog Hybrid Neural Network SoC (2022)

Energy-efficient matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) are key to bringing neural network (NN) inference to edge devices. This has led to a wide range of state-of-the-art MVM acceleration chips, which fall into two categories: 1) Digital NN accelerators [1]–[2], constituting widely parallel multiply-accumulate (MAC) arrays at medium (typically 4-8b) precision. 2) Analog in-memory compute (AiMC) NN accelerators [3]–[4], which enable much higher energy efficiencies and throughput per unit area at the cost of a reduced computational precision, reduced dataflow flexibility, and resulting reduced mapping efficiency for some layer configurations. Neither of these approaches dominates the other, as it depends on the layer type which approach is the optimal. The ideal processor would enable exploiting both digital and AiMC NN acceleration concepts and select the best accelerator depending on the layer characteristics. Consequently, this work presents DIANA, a low-power NN processing SoC, comprising a precision-scalable digital NN accelerator, an AiMC core, an optimized shared-memory subsystem and a RISC-V host processor to achieve SOTA end-to-end inference at the edge. This SoC includes innovations in: a) its 16x16 digital NN core with flexible dataflow for fully connected and high-precision CONV layer execution, b) its 1152x512 AiMC core with SIMD digital post-processing and support for output unrolling for improving array utilization, and c) a shared memory system supporting efficient layer-fused execution schedules, controlled by the RISC-V. This allows simultaneous execution of subsequent layers across the digital and analog cores, assigning high-precision layers and layers with limited AiMC utilization (e.g. FC layers and layers with low channel count) to the digital core, and all other intermediate layers to the AiMC core. A top-level overview of the designed system and its highlights is depicted in Fig. 15.6.1.
The Role of Nanoparticle Design in Determining Analytical Performance of Lateral Flow Immunoassays (2017)

Rapid, simple, and cost-effective diagnostics are needed to improve healthcare at the point of care (POC). However, the most widely used POC diagnostic, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFA), is ∼1000-times less sensitive and has a smaller analytical range than laboratory tests, requiring a confirmatory test to establish truly negative results. Here, a rational and systematic strategy is used to design the LFA contrast label (i.e., gold nanoparticles) to improve the analytical sensitivity, analytical detection range, and antigen quantification of LFAs. Specifically, we discovered that the size (30, 60, or 100 nm) of the gold nanoparticles is a main contributor to the LFA analytical performance through both the degree of receptor interaction and the ultimate visual or thermal contrast signals. Using the optimal LFA design, we demonstrated the ability to improve the analytical sensitivity by 256-fold and expand the analytical detection range from 3 log<sub>10</sub> to 6 log<sub>10</sub> for diagnosing patients with inflammatory conditions by measuring C-reactive protein. This work demonstrates that, with appropriate design of the contrast label, a simple and commonly used diagnostic technology can compete with more expensive state-of-the-art laboratory tests.
Khazana: an infrastructure for building distributed services (2002)

Essentially all distributed systems, applications, and services at some level boil down to the problem of managing distributed shared state. Unfortunately, while the problem of managing distributed shared state is shared by many applications, there is no common means of managing the data-every application devises its own solution. We have developed Khazana, a distributed service exporting the abstraction of a distributed persistent globally shared store that applications can use to store their shared state. Khazana is responsible for performing many of the common operations needed by distributed applications, including replication, consistency management, fault recovery, access control and location management. Using Khazana as a form of middleware, distributed applications can be quickly developed from corresponding uniprocessor applications through the insertion of Khazana data access and synchronization operations.
Cooperative binding by aggregated mono-6-(alkylamino)-.beta.-cyclodextrins (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCooperative binding by aggregated mono-6-(alkylamino)-.beta.-cyclodextrinsRussell C. Petter, Jeffrey S. Salek, Christopher T. Sikorski, G. Kumaravel, and Fu Tyan LinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 10, 3860–3868Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00166a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00166a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7414Altmetric-Citations432LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts