gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Forty-year Anniversary (2017)

In 1977 Peter Kramer performed the first CAVH (continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration) treatment in Gottingen, Germany. CAVH soon became a reliable alternative to hemo- or peritoneal dialysis in critically ill patients. The limitations of CAVH spurred new research and the discovery of new treatments such as CVVH and CVVHD (continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis). The alliance with industry led to development of new specialized equipment with improved accuracy and performance in delivering continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs). Machines and filters have progressively undergone a series of technological steps, reaching a high level of sophistication. The evolution of technology has continued, leading to the development and clinical application of new membranes, new techniques and new treatment modalities. With the progress of technology, the entire field of critical care nephrology moved forward, expanding the areas of application of extracorporeal therapies to cardiac, liver and pulmonary support. A great deal of research made extracorporeal therapies an interesting option for the treatment of sepsis and intoxication and the additional use of sorbents was explored. With the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), new guidelines were developed, driving indications, modalities of prescription, monitoring techniques and quality assurance programs. Information technology and precision medicine have recently contributed to further evolution of CRRT, with the possibility of collecting data in large databases and evaluating policies and practice patterns. This is likely to ultimately result in improved patient care. CRRTs are 40 years old today, but they are still young and full of potential for further evolution.
CML28 is a broadly immunogenic antigen, which is overexpressed in tumor cells. (2002)

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) reliably induces durable remission in 75-80% of patients with relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To identify immunological targets of the graft-versus-leukemia response (GVL) after DLI, we used CML post-DLI responder sera to screen a CML cDNA expression library. One of the antigens identified in this screen is a M(r) 28,000 protein, termed CML28. CML28 is identical to hRrp46p, a component of the human exosome, a multiprotein complex involved in the 3' processing of RNA. Components of the human exosome include known autoantigens, such as PMScl-100, an autoantibody target in patients with polymyositis, scleroderma, or polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome. Recombinant CML28-GST fusion protein was purified, and used in Western blot and ELISA to demonstrate the development of a high-titer CML28-specific IgG antibody response in a patient with relapsed CML who responded to DLI. Northern blotting demonstrated that CML28 is highly expressed in a variety of hematopoietic and epithelial tumor cell lines, but not in normal hematopoietic tissues or other normal tissue, with the exception of testis. Purified recombinant CML28 was used to generate a CML28-specific murine monoclonal antibody. Western blotting with CML28 monoclonal antibody against whole-cell lysates derived from blood and marrow of normal donors and patients with leukemia revealed high expression of this antigen in tumor but not in normal samples. Because CML28 was highly expressed in epithelial tumor cell lines, anti-CML28 responses were also examined in patients with solid tumors. By ELISA, we found specific serological responses in 10-33% of patients with lung cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. Our studies suggest that immunogenicity of CML28 is likely because of overexpression of this antigen in tumor cells. Moreover, given its expression and immunogenicity in a wide variety of malignancies, CML28 merits additional evaluation as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
Cytogenetic studies on abelson‐virus‐induced mouse leukemias (1980)

The karyotype of Abelson-virus-induced murine leukemias was studied by G-banding. In contrast to the regular trisomy of chromosome 15 in most murine T-cell leukemias, Abelson leukemias were purely diploid, and remained diploid for up to seven consecutive passages in vivo. The hypothesis is advanced that integration into the recipient cell of the DNA copy of the large cellular insert, carried by the Abelson virus, may perform a function similar to the effects of gene duplication by trisomy in the more slowly developing murine leukemias.
A histologic study of lens regeneration in aphakic rabbits. (1990)

Lens regeneration occurs in New Zealand albino rabbits after endocapsular lens extraction, which leaves the anterior and posterior lens capsules relatively intact. Slit-lamp photography, histologic studies, and lens protein analysis confirmed the differentiation of lens fibers. In the current study, we performed a sequential analysis of the regenerating rabbit lens. After endocapsular phacoemulsification and irrigation/aspiration of the lens, rabbits were sacrificed at different time points for histologic evaluation. Similarities with embryologic development of the lens were evident, although in some sections, abnormal cellular proliferation occurred. By the 6th day after surgery, a monolayer of lens epithelial cells lined both the anterior and posterior capsules. At 1 month, the posterior epithelial cells had elongated, and nuclei had migrated anteriorly. At 2 months, lens cells were differentiating at the equatorial zone with gradual elongation, anterior migration of nuclei, and eventual loss of nuclei.
Research Note: Differential Chemotaxis of Physarum polycephalum to Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum (1993)

The chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum from 10 Salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. Utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, P. polycephalum was attracted to S. gallinarum and S. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by Salmonella derby, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella minnesota, Salmonella montevideo, Salmonella newington, Salmonella newport, Salmonella reading, and Salmonella typhimurium.
Enabling social networking in ad hoc networks of mobile phones (2009)

This demonstration presents AdSocial, a software platform supporting social network applications in ad hoc networks. AdSocial targets small-scale scenarios such as friends playing a game on the train or co-workers sharing calendar information. Moreover, AdSocial is specifically designed to run on resource-constrained mobile devices, such as mobile phones. By using a simple and efficient data piggybacking mechanism, AdSocial applications share data by using any of the many existing routing protocols for ad hoc networks and without requiring any modification to the protocols themselves. The goal of this demonstration is to show the functionality that AdSocial can support with a very low overhead in an ad hoc network of 10--15 Nokia N810 handhelds. Conference participants will be able to establish voice-video calls, chat, or play games while moving around thus configuring a mobile and multi-hop ad hoc network.
Bioinformatics: Use in Bacterial Vaccine Discovery (2001)

Bioinformatics has now become a common laboratory name for groups studying genomic sequences. It is composed of many different, yet interrelated scientific fields such as genomics, proteomics, and transcriptional profiling. The availability of complete genomic sequences, especially prokaryotic organisms, allows one to rapidly identify, analyze, and clone genes of interest. For bacterial vaccine discovery, one can "mine" the genomic sequence for potential surface targets using various algorithms, characterize these gene targets, and produce primers for cloning, all before one enters the wet laboratory. This review will focus on various genomic mining tools/algorithms available for predicting open reading frames and their associated annotation (if known), physical and functional characterization, and cellular localization. Finally, examples are given of how all of this is being used for the identification of potential bacterial vaccine candidates.
Temperature Dependence of Positronium Momentum Distribution in KCl (1983)

Temperature dependence of the momentum distribution of positronium in KCl single crystals has been investigated in a temperature range from 5 K to 300 K. The distribution is sharp at low temperatures indicating that the positronium is in a delocalized state, but it is rapidly broadened when the specimen is heated up through a narrow temperature range around 65 K indicating the localization of the positronitum at sufficiently high temperatures. Such a phenomenon is similar to that previously observed for NaF though the temperature range for the broadening is much lower and narrower than that for NaF. A model proposed for NaF which assumes meta-stable self-trapping of positronium is found to explain the present data fairly well; the analysis suggests that the energy level of the possible self-trapped state is located about 0.05 eV higher than the bottom of the delocalized band.
Pomalidomide Alters Pancreatic Macrophage Populations to Generate an Immune-Responsive Environment at Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions (2019)

During development of pancreatic cancer, alternatively activated macrophages contribute to fibrogenesis, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesion growth, and generation of an immunosuppressive environment. Here, we show that the immunomodulatory agent pomalidomide depletes pancreatic lesion areas of alternatively activated macrophage populations. Pomalidomide treatment resulted in downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 4, a transcription factor for M2 macrophage polarization. Pomalidomide-induced absence of alternatively activated macrophages led to a decrease in fibrosis at PanIN lesions and in syngeneic tumors; this was due to generation of an inflammatory, immune-responsive environment with increased expression of IL1α and presence of activated (IFNγ-positive) CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell populations. Our results indicate that pomalidomide could be used to decrease fibrogenesis in pancreatic cancer and may be ideal as a combination treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs or other immunotherapies. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal new insights into how macrophage populations within the pancreatic cancer microenvironment can be modulated, providing the means to turn the microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immune-responsive.
Accurate theoretical analysis of photonic band-gap materials (1993)

Two improvements for the solution of Maxwell's equations in periodic dielectric media are introduced, abandoning the plane-wave cutoff and interpolating the dielectric function. These improvements permit the accurate study of previously inaccessible systems. Example calculations are discussed, employing a basis of \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{6}$ plane waves for which these two improvements reduce both the memory and central processing unit requirements by \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{4}$.
Compensation of Third-Order Inter Modulation Distortion by Using Frequency Chirp Modulation for Electro-Optic Modulator (2018)

A new electro-optic modulator for compensating the nonlinear distortion is proposed. The third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) induced in the receiver output are optically suppressed by using two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) connected in parallel and operating with chirp-parameters of the opposite signs to each other. The performance of the IMD3 compensation was estimated by the numerical calculations. We made an experiment to confirm the IMD3 compensation operation by using 10 GHz two-tone microwave signals and a 1.55 μm light source. The modulator was constituted by a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM). The chirp parameters of MZMs of the DPMZM were set to +0.5 and -0.5, respectively. It was observed by the measurement that the IMD3 components in the receiver output were suppressed by more than 20 dB compared to those for the conventional single-MZM operation in a range of modulation index below 0.25π rad. These experimental results agree well with the numerical calculation ones.
Novel Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like and Pandemic/2009 Influenza Viruses in Swine: Infectious Potential for Humans (2011)

Pigs are considered to be intermediate hosts and "mixing vessels," facilitating the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses, as demonstrated by the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pdm/09) virus. The prevalence and repeated introduction of the pdm/09 virus into pigs raises the possibility of generating novel swine influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans. To address this, an active influenza surveillance program was conducted with slaughtered pigs in abattoirs in southern China. Over 50% of the pigs tested were found to be seropositive for one or more H1 influenza viruses, most commonly pdm/09-like viruses. Out of 36 virus isolates detected, one group of novel reassortants had Eurasian avian-like swine H1N1 surface genes and pdm/09 internal genes. Animal experiments showed that this virus transmitted effectively from pig to pig and from pig to ferret, and it could also replicate in ex vivo human lung tissue. Immunization against the 2009 pandemic virus gave only partial protection to ferrets. The continuing prevalence of the pdm/09 virus in pigs could lead to the genesis of novel swine reassortant viruses with the potential to infect humans.
The Amalgamated product of free groups and residual solvability (2004)

In this paper we study residual solvability of the amalgamated product of two finitely generated free groups, in the case of doubles. We find conditions where this kind of structure is residually solvable, and show that in general this is not the case. However this kind of structure is always meta-residually-solvable.
Feasibility of Integrating High-Spatial-Resolution 3D Breath-hold Coronary MR Angiography with Myocardial Perfusion and Viability Examinations (2005)

The study was institutional review board approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant. All subjects provided informed consent. Three-dimensional breath-hold coronary magnetic resonance (MR) angiography with use of steady-state free precession was performed in 12 patients up to 20 minutes after 0.2 mmol gadolinium-based contrast material per kilogram of body weight was administered. Within 24 heartbeats, a spatial resolution of up to 1.0 x 1.2 x 2.0 mm was achieved. Sixty-five (82%) of the 79 visualized coronary artery segments had a grade of 3 or 4 on a four-point scale of depiction in which grade 4 indicated excellent depiction. Twenty-seven percent (n = 21) of the 79 segments were assigned a grade of 4; 56% (n = 44), a grade of 3; 16% (n = 13), a grade of 2; and 1% (n = 1), a grade of 1. Coronary MR angiography performed as part of a first-pass myocardial perfusion and viability assessment MR imaging examination is feasible and does not involve additional imaging time.
Production of Crosslinked Starch Microparticles through Inverse Suspension Polymerization using Statistical Experimental Design (2020)

Abstract The use of natural polymers has attracted much interest in many different areas, especially in fields where biodegradability and biocompatibility constitute major requirements, as in the pharmaceutical and biomedical areas. For this reason, the present work explores the production of crosslinked starch microparticles in vegetable oil through inverse suspension polymerizations under different experimental conditions, using glucose as a crosslinking agent and manipulating the agitation speed, reaction temperature, starch concentration in the suspended phase, surfactant concentration and crosslinking agent concentration in accordance with a statistical experimental design. Analyzed response variables include morphological aspects, particle size distribution, swelling ratio and solubility in aqueous medium. It is observed that glucose can promote significant modification of the material properties and lead to changes in its solubility in water. Besides, the operation variables exert significant effects on the morphological properties of the obtained powders. For this reason, empirical models are proposed to describe the solubility of the material in water and particle sizes as function of the preparation variables. The results indicate that glucose and starch content are the most influential variables on the solubility of the microparticles in water and that glucose, stirring rate and temperature play the most influential effects on the particle size distributions.
P‐119: A New Charge Pump Pixel Circuit for Reflective Displays (2011)

Abstract A novel charge pump pixel circuit for reflective display requiring high voltage driving, which is more than 10 V, is proposed for low‐power mobile application. By adopting proposed low‐voltage frame inversion method, we can reduce input data voltage swing to almost half of driving voltage on a pixel electrode, so the power consumption on parasitic elements can be substantially reduced. The operation of the pixel circuit was confirmed through the prototype of 3.6″ polymer dispersed liquid crystal displays and the simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces the power consumption by 64.3%, compared with the conventional driving method.
Dystopian space in colonial representations and interventions: sierra leone as ‘the white man's grave’ (2002)

This paper explores the power of dystopian imaginations. It does so by examining the form and function of dystopias in colonial contexts, both in general and through one particularly salient and significant colonial dystopia, which was known widely in imperial England as ‘the white man's grave’. A detailed analysis of the form and function of dystopian accounts of Sierra Leone, with particular attention to Richard Burton's negative appraisal of the colony, illuminates a particular form of geographical colonial discourse, and clarifies some of the power relations more generally associated with dystopian representations and interventions.
Serotype and Genotype (Multilocus Sequence Type) of Streptococcus suis Isolates from the United States Serve as Predictors of Pathotype (2019)

<i>Streptococcus suis</i> is a significant cause of mortality in piglets and growing pigs worldwide. The species contains pathogenic and commensal strains, with pathogenic strains causing meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, polyserositis, and septicemia. Serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are primary methods to differentiate strains, but the information is limited for strains found in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of 208 <i>S. suis</i> isolates collected between 2014 and 2017 across North America (mainly the United States) by serotyping and MLST and to investigate associations between subtype and pathotype classifications (pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal), based on clinical information and site of isolation. Twenty serotypes were identified, and the predominant serotypes were 1/2 and 7. Fifty-eight sequence types (STs) were identified, and the predominant ST was ST28. Associations among serotypes, STs, and pathotypes were investigated using odds ratio and clustering analyses. Evaluation of serotype and ST with pathotype identified a majority of isolates of serotypes 1, 1/2, 2, 7, 14, and 23 and ST1, ST13, ST25, ST28, ST29, ST94, ST108, ST117, ST225, ST373, ST961, and ST977 as associated with the pathogenic pathotype. Serotypes 21 and 31, ST750, and ST821 were associated with the commensal pathotype, which is composed of isolates from farms with no known history of <i>S. suis</i>-associated disease. Our study demonstrates the use of serotyping and MLST to differentiate pathogenic from commensal isolates and establish links between pathotype and subtype, thus increasing the knowledge about <i>S. suis</i> strains circulating in the United States.
Translation invariance in a network of oscillatory units (2006)

One of the important features of the human visual system is that it is able to recognize objects in a scale and translational invariant manner. However, achieving this desirable behavior through biologically realistic networks is a challenge. The synchronization of neuronal firing patterns has been suggested as a possible solution to the binding problem (where a biological mechanism is sought to explain how features that represent an object can be scattered across a network, and yet be unified). This observation has led to neurons being modeled as oscillatory dynamical units. It is possible for a network of these dynamical units to exhibit synchronized oscillations under the right conditions. These network models have been applied to solve signal deconvolution or blind source separation problems. However, the use of the same network to achieve properties that the visual sytem exhibits, such as scale and translational invariance have not been fully explored. Some approaches investigated in the literature (Wallis, 1996) involve the use of non-oscillatory elements that are arranged in a hierarchy of layers. The objects presented are allowed to move, and the network utilizes a trace learning rule, where a time averaged output value is used to perform Hebbian learning with respect to the input value. This is a modification of the standard Hebbian learning rule, which typically uses instantaneous values of the input and output. In this paper we present a network of oscillatory amplitude-phase units connected in two layers. The types of connections include feedforward, feedback and lateral. The network consists of amplitude-phase units that can exhibit synchronized oscillations. We have previously shown that such a network can segment the components of each input object that most contribute to its classification. Learning is unsupervised and based on a Hebbian update, and the architecture is very simple. We extend the ability of this network to address the problem of translational invariance. We show that by adopting a specific treatment of the phase values of the output layer, the network exhibits translational invariant object representation. The scheme used in training is as follows. The network is presented with an input, which then moves. During the motion the amplitude and phase of the upper layer units is not reset, but continues with the past value before the introduction of the object in the new position. Only the input layer is changed instantaneously to reflect the moving object. The network behavior is such that it categorizes the translated objects with the same label as the stationary object, thus establishing an invariant categorization with respect to translation. This is a promising result as it uses the same framework of oscillatory units that achieves synchrony, and introduces motion to achieve translational invariance.
Quasimonoenergetic electrons from unphased injection into channel guided laser wakefield accelerators (2005)

A high-quality electron beam can be extracted from a channel guided laser wakefield accelerator without confining the injected particles to a small region of phase. By careful choice of the injection energy, a regime can be found where uniformly phased particles are quickly bunched by the accelerator itself and subsequently accelerated to high energy. The process is particularly effective in a plasma channel because of a favorable phase shift that occurs in the focusing fields. Furthermore, particle-in-cell simulations show that the self-fields of the injected bunches actually tend to reduce the energy spread on the final beam. The final beam characteristics can be calculated using a computationally inexpensive Hamiltonian formulation when beam-loading effects are minimal.