gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging the invisible: resolving cellular microcompartments by superresolution microscopy techniques (2013)

Unraveling the spatio-temporal organization of dynamic cellular microcompartments requires live cell imaging techniques capable of resolving submicroscopic structures. While the resolution of traditional far-field fluorescence imaging techniques is limited by the diffraction barrier, several fluorescence-based microscopy techniques providing sub-100 nm resolution have become available during the past decade. Here, we briefly introduce the optical principles of these techniques and compare their capabilities and limitations with respect to spatial and temporal resolution as well as live cell capabilities. Moreover, we summarize how these techniques contributed to a better understanding of plasma membrane microdomains, the dynamic nanoscale organization of neuronal synapses and the sub-compartmentation of microorganisms. Based on these applications, we highlight complementarity of these techniques and their potential to address specific challenges in the context of dynamic cellular microcompartments, as well as the perspectives to overcome current limitations of these methods.
(2R,5S)-2-Trichloromethyl-3-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-4,8-dione (2004)

7 H 6 Cl 3 NO 3 , conrmed the absolute stereochemistry as 2R,5S.
Rhesus monkey lipoprotein(a) binds to lysine Sepharose and U937 monocytoid cells less efficiently than human lipoprotein(a). Evidence for the dominant role of kringle 4(37). (1993)

Rhesus lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) binds less efficiently than human Lp(a) to lysine-Sepharose and to cultured U937 cells. Studies using elastase-derived plasminogen fragments indicated that neither kringle 5 nor the protease domain of Lp(a) are required in these interactions pointing at an involvement of the K4 region. Comparative structural analyses of both the human and simian apo(a) K4 domain, together with molecular modeling studies, supported the conclusion that K4(37) plays a dominant role in the lysine binding function of apo(a) and that the presence of arginine 72 rather than tryptophan in this kringle can account for the functional deficiency observed with rhesus Lp(a). These in vitro results suggest that rhesus Lp(a) may be less thrombogenic than human Lp(a).
RF Circuit Implementation of a Real-Time Frequency Spread Emulator (2017)

Despite their reliability, on-site measurements are time-consuming and costly actions for the evaluation of new devices. Channel emulators are widely utilized measurement instruments to generate desired environmental channel effects in laboratory environments. Within these instruments, baseband emulators are expensive, and reverberation chambers provide limited control of the channel. However, radio-frequency (RF) circuit implementation of channel emulators provides an affordable and easy tool to test performances of new systems and methods under different channel effects. In this paper, a new RF domain Doppler emulator, which is compact and easy to control, is presented for measuring signal characteristics under frequency dispersive channel conditions. The circuit has been implemented using variable attenuators, switches, and power splitters to emulate the Doppler spread of air-ground channels, and the performance is evaluated through measurements. It is observed that the emulator indeed generates the desired Doppler model close enough to replicate environmental channels for mobile applications in laboratory environments.
From Allergen Genes to Allergy Vaccines (2010)

IgE-mediated allergy is a hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 25% of the population. The structures of the most common allergens have been revealed through molecular cloning technology in the past two decades. On the basis of this knowledge of the sequences and three-dimensional structures of culprit allergens, investigators can now analyze the immune recognition of allergens and the mechanisms of allergic inflammation in allergic patients. Allergy vaccines have been constructed that are able to selectively target the aberrant immune responses in allergic patients via different pathways of the immune system. Here we review various types of allergy vaccines that have been developed based on allergen structures, results from their clinical application in allergic patients, and future strategies for allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergy prophylaxis.
k-POD: A Method for Clustering Partially Observed Data (2014)

The clustering problem is ubiquitous in exploratory data analysis, yet surprisingly little attention has been given to the problem when data are missing. Mainstream approaches to clustering partially observed data focus on reducing the missing data problem to a completely observed formulation by either deleting or imputing missing data. These incur costs, however. Deletion discards information, while imputation requires strong assumptions about the missingness patterns. 
In this paper, we present $k$-POD, a novel method of $k$-means clustering on partially observed data that employs a majorization-minimization algorithm to identify a clustering that is consistent with the observed data. By bypassing the completely observed data formulation, $k$-POD retains all information in the data and avoids committing to distributional assumptions on the missingness patterns. 
Our numerical experiments demonstrate that while current approaches yield good results at low levels of missingness, some fail to produce results at larger overall missingness percentages or require prohibitively long computation time. By contrast, $k$-POD is simple, quick, and works even when the missingness mechanism is unknown, when external information is unavailable, and when there is significant missingness in the data.
Selection of distinct populations of dentate granule cells in response to inputs as a mechanism for pattern separation in mice (2013)

The hippocampus is critical for episodic memory and computational studies have predicted specific functions for each hippocampal subregion. Particularly, the dentate gyrus (DG) is hypothesized to perform pattern separation by forming distinct representations of similar inputs. How pattern separation is achieved by the DG remains largely unclear. By examining neuronal activities at a population level, we revealed that, unlike CA1 neuron populations, dentate granule cell (DGC) ensembles activated by learning were not preferentially reactivated by memory recall. Moreover, when mice encountered an environment to which they had not been previously exposed, a novel DGC population-rather than the previously activated DGC ensembles that responded to past events-was selected to represent the new environmental inputs. This selection of a novel responsive DGC population could be triggered by small changes in environmental inputs. Therefore, selecting distinct DGC populations to represent similar but not identical inputs is a mechanism for pattern separation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00312.001.
Exploitation of harmonic signals generated by the UHF RFID chips: New promises for the radio frequency identification technology (2017)

The Ultra High Frequencies (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips generate harmonic signals due to their nonlinear circuits. Usually these harmonic signals are seen as harmful because they are considered as efficiency losses or potential sources of disturbing signals. This paper overviews several recent works demonstrating that the harmonic signals produced by the UHF RFID chips could be source of new capabilities for the tags.
Multiagent systems for workflow (1999)

Workflows are ubiquitous in business computing. They arise not only within an enterprise but increasingly across enterprises as well—in situations such as virtual enterprises and applications such as supply-chain management. Although the importance of workflows as a basis for understanding and automating business activities is widely recognized, current workflow practice leaves much to be desired. To a large extent, this problem arises because of the rigidity of current technology, which does not accord well with the complex, heterogeneous, dynamic environments in which workflows are applied. Agent technology promises to alleviate many of these problems and hence enable adaptive workflows in realistic settings. We consider interaction-oriented programming (IOP), an approach to software engineering based on multiagent systems that we have been developing. We focus on one aspect of IOP, which deals with social commitments and enables agents to flexibly enact a multienterprise workflow by entering into and behaving according to their commitments to each other. The agents can cancel or modify their base-level commitments only if they satisfy the metacommitments that then go into effect. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro-Crystalline Silicon Thin Films Deposited by the Reactive RF Magnetron Sputtering System (2006)

Hydrogenated micro-crystalline silicon (muc-Si:H) thin films were deposited by the RF magnetron sputtering system with argon and hydrogen mixture gases. The high-quality muc-Si:H films were successfully produced at 200degC. The dark conductivity of 5.5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> S/cm and two order of magnitude of photosensitivity were obtained with 100% hydrogen sputtering and the absorption coefficients are similar to those of single crystalline silicon. We consider that hydrogen in the sputter gases causes the chemical transport of growth species from targets to substrates. The significant reduction in crystallization temperature and the improvement of film qualities occur probably due to similar reactions to the plasma CVD process
Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia Using Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation (2008)

We report a patient with severe hypercalcemia and acute kidney failure, in whom citrate anticoagulation was used not only for anticoagulation but also to correct ionized hypercalcemia (1.77 mmol/L). In this patient, after a complicated surgical procedure, septic shock led to acute kidney failure. We started continuous venovenous hemodialysis with citrate anticoagulation. By almost stopping the calcium substitution during the first hours, elevated systemic ionized calcium decreased into the normal range within 8 hours. Although calcium substitution was then increased, serum ionized calcium decreased to a nadir of 0.86 mmol/L and then stabilized within the normal range within the next 24 hours. To correct the imbalance in systemic ionized calcium concentration, the calcium substitution was varied over a wide range of 0.1-3.0 mmol/L of generated effluent. The time delay between adjustment in calcium infusion rate and the first detectable change in ionized calcium level was below 4 hours. However, the full response to a change of the calcium substitution was found after 8-12 hours.
High Resolution X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Si3N4/Si Interface Structures and Its Correlation with Hysteresis in C-V Curves (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Improved Method for the Macroblock-Level Deblocking Scheme (2011)

This paper presents a deblocking method for video compression in which the blocking artifacts are effectively extracted and eliminated based on both spatial and frequency domain operations. Firstly, we use a probabilistic approach to analyze the performance of the conventional macroblock-level deblocking scheme. Then, based on the results of the analysis, an algorithm to reduce the computational complexity is introduced. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional video coding methods in terms of computation complexity while coding efficiency is maintained.
Calculation of desorption rates for Xe/Pt(111) using a realistic gas–surface potential (1990)

We review the classical transition state theory (TST) of desorption and employ it to predict the desorption rate kTST for the Xe/Pt(111) system using a realistic gas–surface interaction potential. The Xe/Pt(111) potential surface is derived from a Xe–Pt pair potential with parameters suitably adjusted to give agreement with experimental data on the Xe/Pt(111) vibrational frequency, well corrugation and well depth. The calculated rates agree well with earlier measurements which span 7 orders of magnitude in rate, corresponding to temperatures in the range 80&amp;lt;T&amp;lt;160 K. However, we find that the calculated preexponentials vary by a factor of 5 over this range in T, implying that the actual potential well depth for Xe/Pt(111) is 10 meV greater than the energy obtained directly from the experimental Arrhenius plot slope. The effective preexponential given by the 1/T=0 intercept of an Arrhenius plot of kTST is found to be 1.6×1012 s−1, in excellent agreement with the measured value. We then extend this treatment to calculate desorption rates when surface defects are present. Our pair potential is used to calculate the potential in the vicinity of the close-packed step edge chosen as a model defect. This potential and the measured defect site density are used with TST, generalized to include the effect of defects, to predict desorption rates in the defect-dominated regime. The desorption preexponential factor found in this case is &amp;gt;103 larger than the value describing the ideal Pt(111) surface, consistent with the striking increase found experimentally, while the well depth obtained at step sites is 355 meV, 100 meV deeper than for Xe on terraces, again in reasonable agreement with experiment.
Fractional Super-Resolution of Voxelized Point Clouds (2021)

We present a method to super-resolve voxelized point clouds down-sampled by a fractional factor, using look-up-tables (LUT) constructed from self-similarities from its own down-sampled neighborhoods. Given a down-sampled point cloud geometry Vd, and its corresponding fractional down-sampling factor s, the proposed method determines the set of positions that may have generated Vd, and estimates which of these positions were indeed occupied (super-resolution). Assuming that the geometry of a point cloud is approximately self-similar at different scales, LUTs relating down-sampled neighborhood configurations with children occupancy configurations can be estimated by further down-sampling the input point cloud to Vd2 , and by taking into account the irregular children distribution derived from fractional down-sampling. For completeness, we also interpolate texture by averaging colors from adjacent neighbors. We present extensive test results over different point clouds, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method against baseline methods.
NCOG-46. PERSONALIZED, PARCEL-GUIDED RTMS FOR NEURO-REHABILITATION AFTER TUMOR NEUROSURGERY: SAFETY AND PROOF OF CONCEPT (2022)

Abstract Deficits in neurological and psychocognitive function are common for patients who have undergone surgical removal of primary tumors. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging non-invasive tool used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. We present a retrospective review of individualized, targeted rTMS in thirteen patients who presented with post-operative neurological deficits following craniotomy for tumor resection. Multiple cortical targets were selected based on the patient’s neurological disorder, the networks associated with the deficit, and anomalies in the functional connectivity of the patient’s brain as determined by machine-learning. TMS treatment was performed for 5 consecutive days. EuroQol quality of life (EQ-5D), functional extremity scales, and neuropsychiatric questionnaires related to the patient’s deficit were assessed prior to rTMS treatment, after treatment, and during follow-up. Five patients (38.5%) had glioblastomas; four patients (30.8%) had oligodendrogliomas; two patients (15.4%) had astrocytoma; one patient (7.7%) had ganglioglioma; and one patient (7.7%) had a pineal cyst. All thirteen patients reported significantly improved quality of life after rTMS treatment (p = 0.0065) and during follow-up (p = 0.0038) as compared to baseline. For patients with functional deficits, lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was significantly improved one week after rTMS treatment (p = 0.0205). Upper extremity function scale (UEFS) showed non-significant trend in improvement after rTMS treatment (p = 0.0777). In the two patients who developed post-craniotomy depression, they showed a 26% and 88% reduction in depressive symptoms based on the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) at two-month follow-up. These results suggest that the personalized, functional connectivity approach to rTMS target and treatment may be effective for patients with post-craniotomy functional impairments and neuropsychiatric disorders. This method of post-operative interventional neuro-rehabilitation is safe, noninvasive, and allows for the simultaneous treatment of multiple symptoms.
Long-Term Protective Effect of Mature DC-LAMP+ Dendritic Cell Accumulation in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Containing Micrometastatic Melanoma (2007)

This study is the first to report the prognostic value of DC-LAMP(+) DC counts in SLNs containing metastatic melanoma. Patients with a high density of mature DCs (>or=200/mm(2)) have the lowest risk of death. It also provides evidence that a lack of maturation in the SLNs is important in biological facilitation of melanoma progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(Phenylamino)pyrimidine Derivatives as ATP‐Competitive Protein Kinase Inhibitors with Potential for Cancer Chemotherapy (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Titelbild: Massively Parallel Dip–Pen Nanolithography with 55 000‐Pen Two‐Dimensional Arrays (Angew. Chem. 43/2006) (2006)

55 000 AFM‐Federarme übertragen bei der Massenparallel‐Dip‐Pen‐Nanolithographie direkt Moleküle auf eine Oberfläche. Ein Mikroskopiebild zeigt die Oberfläche nach dem Ätzprozess (links); in jede runde Struktur ist ein Miniaturkonterfei von Thomas Jefferson eingeschrieben (AFM‐Bild, rechts), der an der Entwicklung des Polygraphen, eines Vervielfältigungsapparates mit Schreibstiften, beteiligt war. Detailinformationen zur neuen Technik finden sich in der Zuschrift von C. A. Mirkin et al. auf S. 7378 ff.
Demonstration of using two aperture pairs combined with multiple-mode receivers and MIMO signal processing for enhanced tolerance to turbulence and misalignment in a 10  Gbit/s QPSK FSO link (2020)

We utilize aperture diversity combined with multiple-mode receivers and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) to demonstrate enhanced tolerance to atmospheric turbulence and spatial misalignment in a 10 Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (QPSK) free-space optical (FSO) link. Turbulence and misalignment could cause power coupling from the fundamental Gaussian mode into higher-order modes. Therefore, we detect power from multiple modes and use MIMO DSP to enhance the recovery of the original data. In our approach, (a) each of multiple transmitter apertures transmits a single fundamental Gaussian beam carrying the same data stream, (b) each of multiple receiver apertures detects the signals that are coupled from the fundamental Gaussian beams to multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, and (c) MIMO DSP is used to recover the data over multiple modes and receivers. Our simulation shows that the outage probability could be reduced from >0.1 to <0.01. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate the scheme by transmitting two fundamental Gaussian beams carrying the same data stream and recovering the signals on OAM modes 0 and +1 at each receiver aperture. We measure an up to ∼10<i>d</i><i>B</i> power-penalty reduction for a bit error rate (BER) at the 7% forward error correction limit for a 10 Gbit/s QPSK signal.
Micellar Fibers of Octopus Porphyrin. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions in Aqueous Media (1996)

Symmetrical tetraresorcinolporphyrin with eight alkylphosphocholine side chains (octopus porphyrin) and its zinc(II) complex were dispersed in aqueous media to give a stable colloidal solution. Electron microscopy showed either planar monolayers or micellar fibers with a uniform thickness of 7 nm. A unique spherical arrangement of eight methyl groups on each side of the porphyrin center provides fat droplet like centers which align in a string of pearls in an extremely open fiber structure. Exciton calculations on the basis of a long wavelength shift of the Soret bands (7−8 nm), line broadening, and electron micrographs indicated a tilt stacking arrangement with a porphyrin separation of 11 Å. The octopus porphyrin fibers fluoresced strongly, and laser flash photolysis lead to electron transfer from the porphyrin to hydrophobic phenyl-p-benzoquinone as well as to hydrophilic 1,2-naphtoquinone-4-sulfonate and dimethylviologen acceptors. The fibers were also active as photocatalysts in the reduction of dimethylviologen to the corresponding radical by amines.
Chemoselective Oxidation of Polyols with Chiral Palladium Catalysts (2013)

Chiral palladium-based catalysts derived from pyridinyl oxazoline (pyOx) ligands catalyze the oxidation of alcohols, including 1,2-diols, triols, and tetraols, with high regio- and chemoselectivity. Screening of various chiral oxazoline-derived ligands for the oxidation of a model diol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), revealed that the nature of the ligand had a significant influence on the activity and chemoselectivity for oxidation of vicinal diols. The PyOx ligands containing an α-methyl substituent were the most active for the oxidation of 1,2-PD using benzoquinone as the terminal oxidant. Oxidation of vicinal diols and polyols occurs selectively at the secondary alcohol to afford α-hydroxy ketones in isolated yields of 62–87%. Chemoselective oxidation of meso-erythritol with the chiral [(S)-(α-Me(tert-Bu)PyOx)Pd(OAc)]2[OTf]2 afforded (S)-erthyrulose in 62% yield and 24% ee.
Vibronic structure induced in spin-forbidden transitions in emission and absorption spectra by excited-state coupling (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibronic structure induced in spin-forbidden transitions in emission and absorption spectra by excited-state couplingDavid Wexler, Jeffrey I. Zink, and Christian ReberCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 22, 8757–8765Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100201a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100201a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts