gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Sensitized Photoinduced Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) with a Copper(II) Catalyst Concentration in the ppm Range (2018)

NIR-sensitized photoinduced atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is possible by using ppm of Cu<sup>II</sup> /tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) as the catalyst, a polymethine as the photosensitizer, and α-bromophenylacetate as the alkyl halide initiator. Among the polymethines investigated with cationic, zwitterionic, or anionic structures, only the zwitterionic 2 exhibited sensitization activity under NIR light at room temperature resulting in the formation of polymers with controlled molecular weight characteristics and functionalities. The barbital group placed at the meso-position of 2 caused the activity in this photo-ATRP framework. The chain-end fidelity of the polymers was confirmed by chain extension and block copolymerization experiments. The polymerization system exhibits high photostability under NIR light exposure and irradiation dependency as demonstrated by light on/off experiments.
Low-Dimensional Composite Material Based on Modified Graphene and Metal Oxide for High-Performance Chemical Sensors (2019)

Low-dimensional chemical sensors based on metal oxides have received great attention for the applications in security and medical diagnoses. [...]
Experiences using multigrid for geothermal simulation (1995)

Experiences of applying multigrid to the calculation of natural states for geothermal simulations are discussed. The modelling of natural states was chosen for this study because they can take a long time to compute and the computation is often dominated by the development of phase change boundaries that take up a small region in the simulation. For the first part of this work a modified version of TOUGH was used for 2-D vertical problems. A {open_quotes}test-bed{close_quotes} program is now being used to investigate some of the problems encountered with implementing multigrid. This is ongoing work. To date, there have been some encouraging but not startling results.
A direct approach to amines with remote stereocentres by enantioselective CuH-catalysed reductive relay hydroamination (2016)

Amines with remote stereocentres (stereocentres that are three or more bonds away from the C–N bond) are important structural elements in many pharmaceutical agents and natural products. However, previously reported methods to prepare these compounds in an enantioselective manner are indirect and require multistep synthesis. Here, we report a copper-hydride-catalysed, enantioselective synthesis of γ- or δ-chiral amines from readily available allylic alcohols, esters and ethers using a reductive relay hydroamination strategy (a net reductive process in which an amino group is installed at a site remote from the original carbon–carbon double bond). The protocol was suitable for substrates containing a wide range of functional groups and provided remote chiral amine products with high levels of regio- and enantioselectivity. Sequential amination of substrates containing several carbon–carbon double bonds could be achieved, demonstrating the high chemoselectivity of this process.
Laser-driven formation of a high-pressure phase in amorphous silica (2002)

A combination of electron diffraction and infrared reflectance measurements shows that synthetic silica transforms partially into stishovite under high-intensity (GW/cm2) laser irradiation, probably by the formation of a dense ionized plasma above the silica surface. During the transformation the silicon coordination changes from four-fold to six-fold and the silicon-oxygen bond changes from mostly covalent to mostly ionic, such that optical properties of the transformed material differ significantly from those of the original glass. This phase transformation offers one suitable mechanism by which laser-induced damage grows catastrophically once initiated, thereby dramatically shortening the service lifetime of optics used for high-power photonics applications such as inertial confinement fusion.
Dynamic atomicity: optimizing swift memory management (2017)

Swift is a modern multi-paradigm programming language with an extensive developer community and open source ecosystem. Swift 3's memory management strategy is based on Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) augmented with unsafe APIs for manually-managed memory. We have seen ARC consume as much as 80% of program execution time. A significant portion of ARC's direct performance cost can be attributed to its use of atomic machine instructions to protect reference count updates from data races. Consequently, we have designed and implemented dynamic atomicity, an optimization which safely replaces atomic reference-counting operations with nonatomic ones where feasible. The optimization introduces a store barrier to detect possibly intra-thread references, compiler-generated recursive reference-tracers to find all affected objects, and a bit of state in each reference count to encode its atomicity requirements.
A Quantum Information Theoretical Model for Quantum Secret Sharing Schemes (2003)

In this paper we introduce a quantum information theoretical model for quantum secret sharing schemes. We show that quantum information theory provides a unifying framework for the study of these schemes. We prove that the information theoretical requirements for a class of quantum secret sharing schemes reduce to only one requirement (the recoverability condition) as a consequence of the no-cloning principle. We give also a shorter proof of the fact that the size of the shares in a quantum secret sharing scheme must be at least as large as the secret itself.
P061: Safety and Dose-Expansion Study of Combination Favezelimab (anti–LAG-3) Plus Pembrolizumab in Anti–PD-1–Naive Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (2022)

Background: PD-1 inhibitors play a key role in the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), yet novel strategies to enhance responses remain of clinical interest. The multicohort phase 1/2 MK-4280–003 study (NCT03598608) evaluated the safety and efficacy of a LAG-3 inhibitor, favezelimab (MK-4280), + pembrolizumab (pembro) in pts with R/R hematologic malignancies. Cohort 1 focused on anti–PD-1–naive pts with R/R cHL. Methods: Part 1 was the safety lead-in phase to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) followed by a dose-expansion phase (part 2). Eligible pts in cohort 1 had R/R cHL after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), were ineligible for ASCT, and had no prior anti–PD-1 therapy. Part 1 included pts from all cohorts who received escalating doses (per mTPI design) of pembro IV 200 mg Q3W and favezelimab IV 200 mg or 800 mg Q3W. In part 2, pts received pembro + favezelimab at the established RP2D for ≤35 cycles. The primary end point was safety. ORR was a secondary end point. DOR, PFS, and OS were exploratory end points. Database cutoff was March 21, 2022. Results: Part 1 identified 1 dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; autoimmune hepatitis [grade 4]) among the first 6 pts from all cohorts at the favezelimab 200 mg dose. No DLTs were found after an additional 15 pts at the 800 mg dose; RP2D was defined as 800 mg Q3W + pembro 200 mg Q3W. Of the 30 pts in cohort 1, median age was 40.5 y, 53% had ECOG PS 0, and 80% had ≤3 prior lines of therapy. At database cutoff, 12 of 30 pts had discontinued (4 AEs; 8 PD; 13% due to treatment-related AEs [TRAEs]). No deaths were treatment related. 26 pts (87%) had TRAEs; the most common (≥20%) were hypothyroidism (27%), infusion-related reactions (23%), and fatigue (20%); 7 pts (23%) had grade 3 or 4 TRAEs. After median follow-up of 14.1 mo, ORR was 73% (95% CI, 54–88; CR, 8 [27%]; PR, 14 [47%]). 28 of 29 pts (97%) who received a postdose scan had a baseline reduction in target lesions. Median DOR was not reached (NR; range, 2.6–25.9+ mo); 7 pts (55%) had response ≥12 mo. Median PFS was 19.4 mo (range, 8.5 mo-NR) and median OS was NR (range, NR-NR). Conclusion: Favezelimab 800 mg + pembro 200 mg Q3W demonstrated acceptable safety and effective antitumor activity in anti–PD-1–naive pts with R/R cHL. Comparative studies on its activity to that of single-agent pembro would be of clinical benefit.
Charge carrier recombination dynamics in perovskite and polymer solar cells (2016)

Time-delayed collection field experiments are applied to planar organometal halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) based solar cells to investigate charge carrier recombination in a fully working solar cell at the nanosecond to microsecond time scale. Recombination of mobile (extractable) charges is shown to follow second-order recombination dynamics for all fluences and time scales tested. Most importantly, the bimolecular recombination coefficient is found to be time-dependent, with an initial value of ca. 10−9 cm3/s and a progressive reduction within the first tens of nanoseconds. Comparison to the prototypical organic bulk heterojunction device PTB7:PC71BM yields important differences with regard to the mechanism and time scale of free carrier recombination.
Direct observation of Schottky to Ohmic transition in Al-diamond contacts using real-time photoelectron spectroscopy (2007)

Real-time photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ electrical measurements have been applied to the formation of Al contacts on p-type diamond. At 294K, an initially uniform Al film induces band bending in the diamond consistent with the measured (current-voltage) barrier height of 1.05V. The temperature-induced transition to an Ohmic contact has been monitored in real time revealing a direct correlation between the onset of surface bonding at 755K and an abrupt change in surface band bending. The reaction temperature is lower than previously believed, and there is a second transition point at 1020K where the rates of change of both reaction and band bending increase sharply.
Adaptive echo cancellation using statistical shaping (1995)

This article presents a novel structure for bulk delay estimation in long echo cancellers which reduces the amount of excess error considerably. The miscalculation of the delay between the near end and the far end sections is one of the main causes of the excess error. Two analyses, based on the least mean square algorithm, are presented where a certain shape for the transitions (at the end of the near end and at the beginning of the far end sections) is considered. Transient and steady-state behavior and convergence conditions are studied, as well as a comparison between the algorithms developed for each transition. Simulation results agree well with theoretical derivations.
Optical and structural properties of sulfur-doped ELOG InP on Si (2015)

Optical and structural properties of sulfur-doped epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) InP grown from nano-sized openings on Si are studied by room-temperature cathodoluminescence and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The dependence of luminescence intensity on opening orientation and dimension is reported. Impurity enhanced luminescence can be affected by the facet planes bounding the ELOG layer. Dark line defects formed along the [011] direction are identified as the facet planes intersected by the stacking faults in the ELOG layer. XTEM imaging in different diffraction conditions reveals that stacking faults in the seed InP layer can circumvent the SiO2 mask during ELOG and extend to the laterally grown layer over the mask. A model for Suzuki effect enhanced stacking fault propagation over the mask in sulfur-doped ELOG InP is constructed and in-situ thermal annealing process is proposed to eliminate the seeding stacking faults.
Plan for living on a restless planet sets NASA's solid Earth agenda (2003)

What are the most important challenges facing solid Earth science today and over the next two decades? And what is the best approach for NASA, in partnership with other agencies, to address those challenges? A new report, Living on a Restless Planet, provides a blueprint for answering these questions. The top priority for a new spacecraft mission in the area of solid Earth science over the next 5 years, according to this report, is a satellite dedicated to Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). At the request of NASA, the Solid Earth Science Working Group (SESWG) developed a strategy for the highest priority objectives in solid Earth science for the space agency over the next 25 years. The strategy addresses six challenges that are of fundamental scientific importance, have strong implications for society, and are amenable to substantial progress through a concerted series of scientific observations from space.
Development and Mass Production of Double-Sided FPC Plated Directly on Polyimide Film Based on Molecular Bonding Technology (2013)

一般的にプリント配線板の絶縁材と導体間の密着強度が発現するメカニズムは，銅箔のマット面形状，または樹脂表面の粗化によって形成される凹凸を利用した投錨効果，およびファンデルワース力，水素結合で得ている。しかしながら，凹凸の存在により，高精細パターンの形成を阻害し，表皮効果の影響による高周波の伝送ロスが拡大する弊害も多い。これらの課題を解決する方法として，樹脂と金属間などの異種材料間を化学結合により接合する分子接合技術を，ポリイミドフィルム上への直接メタラズに応用し，高性能，安価でイノベーティブな新規両面FPCを開発，製品化を実現した。新規FPCのピール強度は，初期で15 N/cm，150°C168 h，および260°C5 minの熱負荷後の低下も少なく，製品の使用に十分満足できるレベルである。製品に要求される薄型軽量，柔軟性，屈曲耐性，高密度配線，および高速伝送などの特性を評価した結果，一般両面FPCに比べ優位性があることを確認した。また，環境，およびコストの面でも大きなメリットがある。
A chip-scale packaging technology for 60-GHz wireless chipsets (2006)

In this paper, we present a cost-effective chip-scale packaging solution for a 60-GHz industrial-scientific-medical band receiver (Rx) and transmitter (Tx) chipset capable of gigabit-per-second wireless communications. Envisioned applications of the packaged chipset include 1-3-Gb/s directional links using amplitude shift-keying or phase shift-keying modulation and 500-Mb/s-1-Gb/s omni-directional links using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulation. This paper demonstrates the first fully package-integrated 60-GHz chipset including receive and transmit antennas in a cost-effective plastic package. A direct-chip-attach (DCA) and surface mountable land-grid-array (LGA) package technology is presented. The size of the DCA package is 7/spl times/11 mm/sup 2/ and the LGA package size is 6/spl times/13 mm/sup 2/. Optionally, the Tx and Rx chip can be packaged together with Tx and Rx antennas in a combined 13/spl times/13 mm/sup 2/ LGA transceiver package.
Atraumatic Oral Spray Immunization with Replication-Deficient Viral Vector Vaccines (2007)

The development of needle-free vaccines is one of the recently defined "grand challenges in global health" (H. Varmus, R. Klausner, R. Klausner, R. Zerhouni, T. Acharya, A. S. Daar, and P. A. Singer, Science 302:398-399, 2003). To explore whether a natural pathway to the inductive site of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue could be exploited for atraumatic immunization purposes, replication-deficient viral vector vaccines were sprayed directly onto the tonsils of rhesus macaques. Tonsillar immunization with viral vector vaccines encoding simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens induced cellular and humoral immune responses. Viral RNA levels after a stringent SIV challenge were reduced, providing a level of protection similar to that observed after systemic immunization with the same vaccines. Thus, atraumatic oral spray immunization with replication-deficient vectors can overcome the epithelial barrier, deliver the vaccine antigen to the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, and avoid induction of tolerance, providing a novel approach to circumvent acceptability problems of syringe and needle vaccines for children and in developing countries.
Transfer of Maleic Hydrazide into Mainstream Cigarette Smoke (2003)

Abstract This report presents the results of a study regarding the transfer of maleic hydrazide (MH) into mainstream cigarette smoke. Cigarettes with different levels of MH were used in this study. This included cigarettes with MH preexistent in the tobacco due to the agronomical practice, and with spiked MH. Because the MH can be present in tobacco as bound and free forms, both levels of MH were measured in the tobacco section. The cigarette designs covered a range of possibilities, including Plain, Filter King Size (KS), Lights 100’s, Ultra Lights, etc. The results showed that the amount of MH in smoke, on the one hand, is a function of the total particulate matter (TPM) of the cigarette, and higher TPM levels lead to more MH in smoke. On the other hand, the transferred level of MH depends on the total amount of MH (both bound and free) in the tobacco. The relative % transfer is higher for lower MH levels than for higher MH levels in tobacco. When normalized by TPM, the transfer as an average is about 0.24% per mg of TPM from the amount of MH in 1 g of tobacco, and as high as 0.46% per mg of TPM from the amount of MH in 1 g tobacco for a nonfilter low MH level cigarette. The resulting MH transfer for a nonfilter cigarette with low tobacco MH is therefore about 8.3% from the total MH in the cigarette. For filter full flavor (FF) cigarettes with high tobacco levels of MH, the transfer is about 5.8%. This relative transfer rate appears to be lower from higher MH levels in tobacco.
Developmental and oncogenic programs in H3K27M gliomas dissected by single-cell RNA-seq (2018)

Gliomas with histone H3 lysine27-to-methionine mutations (H3K27M-glioma) arise primarily in the midline of the central nervous system of young children, suggesting a cooperation between genetics and cellular context in tumorigenesis. Although the genetics of H3K27M-glioma are well characterized, their cellular architecture remains uncharted. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing in 3321 cells from six primary H3K27M-glioma and matched models. We found that H3K27M-glioma primarily contain cells that resemble oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC-like), whereas more differentiated malignant cells are a minority. OPC-like cells exhibit greater proliferation and tumor-propagating potential than their more differentiated counterparts and are at least in part sustained by <i>PDGFRA</i> signaling. Our study characterizes oncogenic and developmental programs in H3K27M-glioma at single-cell resolution and across genetic subclones, suggesting potential therapeutic targets in this disease.
A Genome-Wide Association Study to Identify Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Acute Kidney Injury (2016)

Our findings reveal two genetic loci that are associated with acute kidney injury. Additional studies should be conducted to functionally evaluate these loci and to identify other common genetic variants contributing to acute kidney injury.
The Respiratory PathogenMoraxella catarrhalisAdheres to Epithelial Cells by Interacting with Fibronectin through Ubiquitous Surface Proteins A1 and A2 (2005)

Moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein (Usp) A1 has been reported to bind fibronectin and is involved in adherence. In this study, using M. catarrhalis mutants derived from clinical isolates, we show that both UspA1 and UspA2 bind fibronectin. Recombinant truncated UspA1/A2 proteins, together with smaller fragments spanning the entire molecule, were tested for binding to fibronectin. Both UspA1 and UspA2 bound fibronectin, and the fibronectin-binding domains were located within UspA1 299-452 and UspA2 165-318 . These 2 truncated proteins inhibited binding of M. catarrhalis to Chang conjunctival epithelial cells to an extent similar to that by anti-human fibronectin antibodies. Our observations show that both UspA1 and UspA2 are involved in adherence to epithelial cells via cell-associated fibronectin. The biologically active sites within UspA1 299-452 and UspA2 165-318 have therefore been suggested to be potential candidates to be included in a future vaccine against M. catarrhalis.
Lubricating lipids in hydrogels (2020)

A self-renewing lipid layer substantially reduces friction and wear of a hydrogel surface
Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 Positive Electrode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2007)

The layered LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 materials were prepared by wet chemical method using oxalic acid as a polymeric agent. The positive LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetometry. Electrochemical features of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 positive electrodes were investigated as a function of synthesis conditions, cutoff voltage limit, and C-rate discharge current. Electrochemical properties are discussed in relation with the local structure and morphology of the layered materials.
Effects of novel heparin-derived compounds on tumor uptake of chemotherapeutics and chemoresponse (2009)

2537 Thrombotic complications are the second most common cause of mortality in cancer patients and fibrin deposition in the tumor microenvironment might play a key role in tumor progression and inference with tumor chemotherapeutic uptake. Treatments that target these processes may result in improved uptake of chemotherapeutic agents and subsequent inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Tissue Factor (TF) is frequently associated with aggressive behavior and poor outcome in tumors. We have previously demonstrated potent anti-tumor efficacy for various mechanisms that interfere with TF/VIIa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and sulfated non-anticoagulant LMWH (S-NACH) on tumor chemotherapeutic uptake. Studies: (1) Nude mice xenograft A549 human lung carcinoma: LMWH or S-NACH at 10 mg/kg S.C. daily effectively limited tumor growth. (2) LCC6 human lung tumor xenograft model: Paclitaxel alone or in combination with Tinzaparin or S-NACH on tumor re-growth after discontinuation of treatment: Paclitaxel + S-NACH treatment showed significant (P&lt;0.01) tumor growth suppression and improved survival when compared to Paclitaxel. (3) Biodistribution studies: animals were injected with LMWH S.C. daily for 5 days (10 mg/kg) then injected i.v. with [ 124 -I]-Paclitaxel. LMWH increased [ 124 -I]-Paclitaxel uptake into LCC6 tumors with tumor: muscle ratios several fold greater than that of [ 124- I]-Paclitaxel alone at 24 hrs post injection. This is a highly significant result in the light of the fact that the FDA criterion for a clinically meaningful effect is a 15% increase in uptake. (4) HPLC studies of tumor uptake of Doxorubicin (DOX in mice treated with 10 mg/kg of LMWH or S-NACH for 10 days followed by Doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg). Both LMWH and S-NACH significantly (P&lt;0.01) increased the uptake of chemotherapeutic agent DOX in MCF7 DOX resistant tumors by 1.5–2 folds but not in heart or lung tissues, confirming the findings obtained with another agent [ 124 -I]-Paclitaxel. Conclusions: LMWH or S-NACH increased chemotherapeutics uptake and hence chemoresponse. Protocols utilizing adjuvant or neo-adjuvant therapy with LMWH or S-NACH could lead to increase tumor chemo responsiveness and overcoming tumor chemo resistance. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Consensus Document on Non-Suitability for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair by Edge-to-Edge Therapy (2021)

As the experience with transcatheter edge-to-edge device therapy for MR has significantly expanded, it has become increasingly apparent that there is a subgroup of patients who are not suitable for either surgical approaches or TEER approaches. With current-generation device designs for TEER therapy, these limitations are largely due to the creation of mitral stenosis, the inadequate reduction of MR, or patient and clinical factors that either complicate the procedure or are related to futile outcomes. All of these limitations (other than futility) may, in select patients, be better served by the option of TMVR, which is currently the subject of multiple investigations. Additionally, there is the confounding factor of variability in operator and site experience that plays a likely significant role in both determination of patient suitability and subsequent outcomes following TEER device therapy.Figure 8Video 7. Video 8. TEE from a patient with severe MR complicated by a cleft in the posterior leaflet. Images courtesy of Dr. Kostantinos Koulagiannis, Morristown Medical Center..View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)