gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wissenschaftliche Visualisierung – Ausgewählte Forschungsprojekte (Scientific Visualization – Selected Research Projects) (2004)

Zusammenfassung Die Hauptbeiträge dieser Ausgabe belegen eindrucksvoll den Stand der Forschung, den die wissenschaftliche Visualisierung inzwischen erreicht hat. Allerdings kann das große Spektrum der Anwendungen und Projekte der in der Visualisierung aktiven Forschungsgruppen im deutschsprachigen Raum auf diese Weise kaum angemessen beschrieben werden. Daher geben wir im Folgenden ausgewählten Projekten die Möglichkeit, das Bild von dieser noch jungen Disziplin der Informatik abzurunden.
Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis in Flow (2012)

Photoredox catalysis: A variety of organic transformations mediated by visible-light-active photoredox catalysts have been conducted in a photochemical flow reactor. The reactor design is very simple and can be easily implemented in any laboratory (see picture). In addition, this reactor afforded a marked increase in the reaction rate compared to those observed in typical batch (round bottom flask) reactors.
Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge (2017)

The RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and recombinant HIV-1 gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E vaccine to increase the diversity of gp120 motifs in the immunogen to elicit a broader antibody response and enhance protection. We find that immunization of rhesus macaques with the pentavalent vaccine results in protection of 55% of pentavalent-vaccine-immunized macaques from simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. Systems serology of the antibody responses identifies plasma antibody binding to HIV-infected cells, peak ADCC antibody titres, NK cell-mediated ADCC and antibody-mediated activation of MIP-1β in NK cells as the four immunological parameters that best predict decreased infection risk that are improved by the pentavalent vaccine. Thus inclusion of additional gp120 immunogens to a pox-prime/protein boost regimen can augment antibody responses and enhance protection from a SHIV challenge in rhesus macaques.
Memory Power Modeling - A Novel Approach (2008)

Low power consumption is a key requirement in mobile and other embedded applications. Accurate power estimation during design phase is a key enabler for designing a power optimized SoC. Abstracting accurate power models for complex IPs such as embedded memories is a challenging task. At the same time, the complex modules have a large share in total power consumption of an IC. In this paper we analyze various challenges in accurately modeling power of embedded memories and propose a novel approach to model power within the framework of existing power analysis methodology.
OS12.6.A Combination therapy of CAR-NK-cells and anti-PD-1 results in high efficacy against advanced-stage glioblastoma in a syngeneic mouse model and induces protective anti-tumor immunity in vivo (2021)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Checkpoint inhibitors as well as adoptive cell therapy hold promise for cancer therapy and encouraging treatment responses have already been demonstrated in different cancer indications. Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Standard therapy has very limited efficacy in the majority of patients. Analysis of the GB microenvironment (TME) has shown prominent immunosuppressive features, including expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and increased frequency of FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells. While the surrounding brain is HER2-negative, GB are frequently HER2-positive, suggesting HER2 as a promising target for adoptive immunotherapy. Previous results from mouse glioma models showed efficacy of CAR-NK cells (NK-92/5.28.z) targeted against HER2 as monotherapy with early stage but not with advanced-stage tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The murine glioma cell line GL261 was transfected with human HER2. Tumor cells were implanted either subcutaneously or orthotopically into C57BL/6 mice and treated either with HER2-specific NK-92/5.28.z cells alone or in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Effects on tumor growth and survival were determined. Lymphocyte infiltration and immunosuppressive TME were characterized via highplex multi-color flow cytometry (FACS Symphony) and IHC (Phenoptics). Furthermore, gene expression profiles of tumor-infiltrating cells were determined via bulk RNAseq (NanoString). RESULTS Combined treatment with NK-92/5.28.z cells and anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade resulted in synergistic effects, with tumor regression and long-term survival observed even in advanced-stage tumor bearing mice. Analysis of the TME showed changes in lymphocyte infiltration and increased expression of exhaustion markers in tumor and immune upon combined treatment with NK-92/5.28.z cells and anti-PD-1 antibody resulting in an altered TME. Both, PD-1 and Lag-3 expression are highly upregulated on tumor infiltrating T cells. Total infiltrating lymphocytes show a rather cytotoxic phenotype up combination treatment with NK-92/5.28.z cells and anti-PD-1 antibody CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that efficacy of NK-92/5.28.z cells can be enhanced by combination with checkpoint blockade, resulting in successful treatment of advanced tumors refractory to NK-92/5.28.z monotherapy. Furthermore, the combination therapy induced a cytotoxic rather than immunosuppressive TME, leading to a primed immune system. To translate the concept of CAR-NK-cell therapy plus checkpoint inhibition to a clinical setting, we are adding a combination therapy cohort to our ongoing phase I clinical study (CAR2BRAIN; NCT03383978).
Thoracoscopic Multilevel Anterior Instrumented Fusion in a Goat Model (2003)

The lack of complete fusion at 4 months in the autogenous iliac crest group emphasizes the importance of the discectomy and bone grafting technique. The use of demineralized bone allograft as a sole source of interbody fusion is not supported.
Optically guided atom interferometer tuned to magic wavelength (2017)

We demonstrate an atom interferometer operating on the $^1S_0-{}^3P_0$ clock transition of $^{87}$Sr atoms in a "magic" optical guide, where the light shift perturbations of the guiding potential are canceled. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is set horizontally to map the acceleration introduced by the focused optical guide. This magic guide interferometer on the clock transition is applicable to atomic elements where magic wavelengths can be found. Possible applications of the magic guide interferometer, including a hollow-core fiber interferometer and gradiometer, are discussed.
Nanostrucure Formation Based on the Functionalized Side Chains in Liquid-Crystalline Heteroaromatic Compounds (2015)

Heteroaromatic skeletons are important functional units for optic and electronic materials.For the construction of novel functional soft matter, the self-assembled system utilizing the heteroaromatic molecules bearing various substituents provide an effective approach.Recently, a lot of liquid crystals and fibrous aggregates with electronic functions have been developed.Among them, liquid-crystalline (LC) semiconductors are well-known examples.LC semiconductors are hopeful candidates which cope with both carrier transport property and solubility.Although the optimization of the chemical structures of the central aromatic core has been mainly considered in the past study, side chains also play a key role to form the well-defined nanosegregated superstructures.The structural optimization of the side chains as well as the rigid cores contributes to the developments of the "soft matter electronics".Herein, we will review the recent research trend on functional -conjugated liquid crystals focusing on the flexible side chains.Furthermore, we will describe the importance of the nanosegregation for the design of soft materials having electronic functions.
Immune Toxicities Elicted by CTLA-4 Blockade in Cancer Patients Are Associated with Early Diversification of the T-cell Repertoire (2016)

While immune checkpoint blockade elicits efficacious responses in many patients with cancer, it also produces a diverse and unpredictable number of immune-related adverse events (IRAE). Mechanisms driving IRAEs are generally unknown. Because CTLA-4 blockade leads to proliferation of circulating T cells, we examined in this study whether ipilimumab treatment leads to clonal expansion of tissue-reactive T cells. Rather than narrowing the T-cell repertoire to a limited number of clones, ipilimumab induced greater diversification in the T-cell repertoire in IRAE patients compared with patients without IRAEs. Specifically, ipilimumab triggered increases in the numbers of clonotypes, including newly detected clones and a decline in overall T-cell clonality. Initial broadening in the repertoire occurred within 2 weeks of treatment, preceding IRAE onset. IRAE patients exhibited greater diversity of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, but showed no differences in regulatory T-cell numbers relative to patients without IRAEs. Prostate-specific antigen responses to ipilimumab were also associated with increased T-cell diversity. Our results show how rapid diversification in the immune repertoire immediately after checkpoint blockade can be both detrimental and beneficial for patients with cancer. <i>Cancer Res; 77(6); 1322-30. ©2016 AACR</i>.
MUFin'21: First International Workshop on Modelling Uncertainty in the Financial World (2021)

Of many things, Covid-19 has provided a stark proof that uncertainty is real, and it is here to stay. Perhaps nothing is more sensitive to uncertainty than the Financial World. To couple with it, while Artificial Intelligence techniques are used to predict the future state of events, their performance is significantly impacted by disruptions not captured in the past. Unforeseen scenarios such as economy changes, variations in the customer behaviour, pandemics, recessions, and fraudulent transactions often result in unexpected behaviour of financial models, thus associating a level of uncertainty with them. It is thus imperative for the research community to explore, identify, analyze, and address such uncertainties in order to develop robust models applicable in real-world scenarios. To this effect, the International Workshop on Modelling Uncertainty in the Financial World 2021 (MUFin21) aims to bring academics and industry experts together to discuss on this important, timely and yet- unsolved area of modelling uncertainties in the financial world.
Probing Near-Field of Silver Nanoparticles Using Photosensitive Molecules (2010)

International audience
Idiotype Vaccination Using Dendritic Cells After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma—A Feasibility Study (1999)

The idiotype (Id) determinant on the multiple myeloma (MM) protein can be regarded as a tumor-specific marker. Immunotherapy directed at the MM Id may stem the progression of this disease. We report here on the first 12 MM patients treated at our institution with high-dose therapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) followed by Id immunizations. MM patients received PBSCT to eradicate the majority of the disease. PBSCT produced a complete response in 2 patients, a partial response in 9 patients and stable disease in 1 patient. Three to 7 months after high-dose therapy, patients received a series of monthly immunizations that consisted of two intravenous infusions of Id-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DC) followed by five subcutaneous boosts of Id/keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) administered with adjuvant. Between 1 and 11 x 10(6) DC were obtained by leukapheresis in all patients even after PBSCT. The administration of Id-pulsed DC and Id/KLH vaccines were well tolerated with patients experiencing only minor and transient side effects. Two of 12 patients developed an Id-specific, cellular proliferative immune response and one of three patients studied developed a transient but Id-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response. Eleven of the 12 patients generated strong KLH-specific cellular proliferative immune responses showing the patients' immunocompetence at the time of vaccination. The two patients who developed a cellular Id-specific immune response remain in complete remission. Of the 12 treated patients, 9 are currently alive after autologous transplantation with a minimum follow-up of 16 months, 2 patients died because of recurrent MM and 1 patient succumbed to acute leukemia. These studies show that patients make strong anti-KLH responses despite recent high-dose therapy and that DC-based Id vaccination is feasible after PBSCT and can induce Id-specific T-cell responses. Further vaccine development is necessary to increase the proportion of patients that make Id-specific immune responses. The clinical benefits of Id vaccination in MM remain to be determined.
Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly (2011)

Microvascular decompression for TN in the elderly population remains a reasonable surgical option. However, based on data from a large national database, authors of the present study suggest that complications do tend to gradually increase in tandem with an advanced age. While age does not act as a risk factor in isolation, it may serve as a convenient surrogate for complication rates. The authors hope that this information can be of use in guiding older patients through decisions for the surgical treatment of TN.
The UNIX Process Identity Crisis (2014)

We revisit the setuid family of calls for privilege management that is implemented in several widely-used operating systems. Three of the four commonly used calls in the family are standardized by POSIX. We investigate the current status of setuid, and in the process, challenge some assertions in prior work. We address three sets of questions with regards to the setuid family. (1) Is the POSIX standard indeed broken as prior work suggests? (2) Are implementations POSIX-compliant as claimed? (3) Are the wrapper functions that prior work proposes to circumvent issues with setuid calls correct and usable? Towards (1), we express the standards in a precise syntax that allows us to assess whether they are unambiguous, logically consistent descriptions of well-formed functions. We have discovered that two of the three functions that are standardized fit these criteria, thereby challenging assertions in prior work regarding the quality of the standard. In cases wherein the standard is broken, we give a clear characterization, and suggest that the standard can be fixed easily, but at the cost of backwards-compatibility. Towards (2), we perform a state-space enumeration as in prior work, report on our discoveries, and discuss the implications of non-conformance and differences in implementation. Towards (3), we discuss some issues that we have discovered with prior wrappers. We then propose a new suite of wrapper functions which are designed with a different mindset from prior work, and provide both stronger guarantees with respect to atomicity and a clearer semantics for permanent and temporary changes in process identity. With a fresh approach, our work is a contribution to a well-established approach to privilege management.
CMOS integrated silicon nanophotonics for future exascale systems (2011)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics like optical interconnection, silicon integrated nanophotonics, SOI and CMOS circuits.
Lack of host SPARC enhances vascular function and tumor spread in an orthotopic murine model of pancreatic carcinoma (2009)

Utilizing subcutaneous tumor models, we previously validated SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) as a key component of the stromal response, where it regulated tumor size, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. In the present study, we demonstrate that pancreatic tumors grown orthotopically in Sparc-null (Sparc(-/-)) mice are more metastatic than tumors grown in wild-type (Sparc(+/+)) littermates. Tumors grown in Sparc(-/-) mice display reduced deposition of fibrillar collagens I and III, basement membrane collagen IV and the collagen-associated proteoglycan decorin. In addition, microvessel density and pericyte recruitment are reduced in tumors grown in the absence of host SPARC. However, tumors from Sparc(-/-) mice display increased permeability and perfusion, and a subsequent decrease in hypoxia. Finally, we found that tumors grown in the absence of host SPARC exhibit an increase in alternatively activated macrophages. These results suggest that increased tumor burden in the absence of host SPARC is a consequence of reduced collagen deposition, a disrupted vascular basement membrane, enhanced vascular function and an immune-tolerant, pro-metastatic microenvironment.
Cover Feature: Co‐Polymeric Nanosponges from Cellulose Biomass as Heterogeneous Catalysts for amine‐catalyzed Organic Reactions (ChemCatChem 24/2020) (2020)

The Cover Feature shows a highly porous cellulose-based nanosponge (CNS) used as a recoverable catalyst for Henry and Knoevenagel reactions. This material is obtained by cross-linking TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) and branched polyethyleneimine 25 kDa (bPEI) in the presence of citric acid. In their Full Paper, L. Riva et al. describe a micro- and nano-porous system that ensures a complete penetration of the reagents within the CNS, guaranteeing high conversions and remarkable selectivity by modulating the reaction conditions. The catalyst could be also re-used several times without losing its catalytic efficiency. More information can be found in the Full Paper by L. Riva et al.
Hybrid Dot-Product Design for FP-Enabled FPGAs (2019)

FPGAs are becoming interesting solutions for neural network training acceleration. Efficient implementation of dot-products, as part of matrix-matrix multiply engines, plays a key role towards this. The now de facto standard involves the matrix multiplication on bfloat16 inputs, with all reductions be performed in single-precision arithmetic. We present here a generic hybrid dot-product implementation that: (1) has a user-defined accuracy knob and (2) targets a user-defined logic/DSP ratio. Since our architecture is very specialized to a given target device, we discuss the challenges in generating this architecture automatically.
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Alters Fuel Selection From Glucose to Fat by Activating the PPARδ Pathway in Myocytes (2021)

Modulation of fuel selection is critical in skeletal muscle function. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the major bioactive component in safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) and, in our previous study, has been demonstrated to promote a shift from fast to slow myofiber. However, the effects of HSYA on fuel selection in skeletal muscle and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the in vitro experiments found that water extracts of safflower, rich in HSYA, significantly suppressed the expressions of the genes related to glucose utilization and activated the expressions of the lipolysis genes. Furthermore, HSYA resulted in a shift in substrate utilization toward fat relative to carbohydrates in C2C12 myotubes. Animal tests showed HSYA could significantly reduce the respiratory exchange ratio and prolonge endurance performance in mice and also trigger a switch in intramuscular fuel selection preference from carbohydrates to fat at rest and during exercise. Mechanistic studies revealed that HSYA converted this fuel selection by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ (PPARδ), and these effects of HSYA could be reversed by specific suppression of PPARδ by PPARδ siRNA. Collectively, our study demonstrated that HSYA can switch substrate utilization from glucose to fat in myocytes by activating PPARδ signaling, resulting in prolonged endurance performance. These findings provided direct evidence for the endurance performance enhancement effect of HSYA and explored new perspectives for the innovation and application of HSYA in the health care industry.
Approaches for bandwidth-efficient modulation formats in DWDM-systems (2002)

Bandwidth-efficient modulation formats for applications in DWDM-systems are motivated and investigated. Two approaches, namely duobinary and single-sideband modulation are considered in detail both theoretically and experimentally. We compare these formats to conventional binary NRZ modulation with respect to various parameters of the optical channel, i.e. dispersion, Kerr-nonlinearity, channel-interference, PMD, and implementation effort.
Comparison of fabrication methods for microstructured deep UV multimode waveguides based on fused silica (2016)

The suitability of materials for deep ultraviolet (DUV) waveguides concerning transmittance, fabrication, and coupling properties is investigated and a fused silica core/ambient air cladding waveguide system is presented. This high refractive index contrast system has far better coupling efficiency especially for divergent light sources like LEDs and also a significantly smaller critical bending radius compared to conventional waveguide systems, as simulated by ray-tracing simulations. For the fabrication of 300-ffm-thick multimode waveguides a hydrouoric (HF) acid based wet etch process is compared to selective laser etching (SLE). In order to fabricate thick waveguides out of 300-ffm-thick silica wafers by HF etching, two masking materials, LPCVD silicon nitride and LPCVD poly silicon, are investigated. Due to thermal stress, the silicon nitride deposited wafers show cracks and even break. Using poly silicon as a masking material, no cracks are observed and deep etching in 50 wt% HF acid up to 180 min is performed. While the masked and unmasked silica surface is almost unchanged in terms of roughness, notching defects occur at the remaining polysilicon edge leading to jagged sidewalls. Using SLE, waveguides with high contour accuracy are fabricated and the DUV guiding properties are successfully demonstrated with propagation losses between 0.6 and 0:8 dB=mm. These values are currently limited by sidewall scattering losses.
Design of a freeform gradient-index prism for mixed reality head mounted display (2018)

Freeform prism systems are commonly used for head mounted display systems for augmented, virtual, and mixed reality. They have a wide variety of applications from scientific uses for medical visualization to defense for flight helmet information. The advantage of the freeform prism design over other designs is their ability to have a large field of view and low f-number while maintaining a small and light weight form factor. Current designs typically employ a homogeneous material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Using a GRIN material gives the designer extra degrees-of-freedom by allowing a variable material refractive index within the prism. The addition of the GRIN material allows for light to bend within the material instead of only reflecting off the surfaces. This work looks at implementing a freeform gradient-index (GRIN) into a freeform prism design to improve performance, increase field of view (FOV), and decrease form factor by the use of 3D printable polymers. A prism design with freeform GRIN is designed with a FOV of 45&deg;, eye relief of 18.25 mm, eyebox of 8 mm, and performance greater than 10% at 50 lp/mm.