gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field trials using coordinated multi-point transmission in the downlink (2010)

We report on field trials using CoMP transmission in the downlink of a mobile radio network. Two new features enable over-the-air CoMP transmission from physically separated base stations and terminals. These are distributed synchronization and a fast virtual local area network. Using VLAN tags, terminals feed back the multi-cell channel state information to their serving bases where it is multiplexed with shared data. Both are multicast to other cooperative base stations over the backhaul. In our trials, two terminals are served in two overlapping cells and placed in specific indoor, outdoor-to-indoor and outdoor scenarios. We have realized both intra-site as well as inter-site CoMP. While outage is indeed a big problem at the cell edge with full frequency reuse, with CoMP it is not observed anymore. Average throughput gains by factors 4 to 22 are observed when using CoMP compared to interference-limited transmission while between 27 and 78% of the isolated cell throughput is measured in both cells simultaneously.
IS-IS Flooding Parameters advertisement (1998)

This document proposes a mechanism to adjust IS-IS flooding speed
between two adjacent routers by adjusting the sender flooding speed to
the capability of the receiver. This helps improving the flooding
throughput, reducing LSPs losses and retransmissions due to receiver
overload, and avoiding manual tuning of flooding parameters by the
network operator. This document defines a new TLV for SNP and/or Hello
messages. This TLV may carry a set of parameters indicating the
performance capacity to receive LSPs.
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination Is Mediated Specifically by Protein Binding to a CCAAT Box Sequence (1989)

A region in the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) containing a CCAAT consensus sequence can direct transcription termination of RNA polymerase II, a mechanism that possibly prevents transcriptional interference from upstream genes. Using a chimeric plasmid template that contains the MLP directing expression of the simian virus 40 early region, we showed that an inserted oligonucleotide containing only 13 base pairs of MLP sequences, including the CCAAT box, is capable of inducing transcription termination in an orientation-dependent, position-independent manner. Point mutations within the CCAAT-specific protein-binding site abolished this effect, while a base substitution outside of this region did not affect termination. These data suggest that termination is mediated by a CCAAT box-binding protein. Several other transcription factor-binding sites do not, however, cause termination, suggesting that this may be a relatively specific property of a CCAAT-binding protein.
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Electric Utility Grid Application Quenching Types Ferromagnetic Types Semiconductor Types Other Types Superconductor Requirements Cryogenics Conclusion
"MT2 postfit SRB-T0" of "Search for a scalar partner of the top quark in the jets plus missing transverse momentum final state at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector" (2017)

Distribution of $m_\text{T2}^{\chi^2}$ for SRA-T0 after the likelihood fit. The stacked histograms show the SM expectation and the hatched uncertainty band around the SM expectation shows the MC statistical and detector-related systematic uncertainties. A representative signal point is shown for each distribution.
<title>Compact reliable fiber laser systems for industrial applications</title> (1998)

A number of compact, diode-pumped sources of femtosecond optical pulses have been demonstrated by combining fiber and electric-field-poled lithium niobate technologies. Use of chirped-period-poled lithium niobate (CPPLN) for simultaneous pulse compression and second-harmonic generation has led to the demonstration of robust high-power and high-energy fiber-amplifier based chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems. Use of parametric gain in PPLN has led to the demonstration of a new class of compact diode-pumped femtosecond microamplifiers, which can achieve up to 80 dB of single-pass gain with arbitrarily broad, optically engineerable bandwidth and can provide microjoule output-pulse energies.
Variation of Organ Doses with Tube Potential and Total Filtration in Dental Radiography (1993)

For optimising exposure conditions in intra-oral radiography, the variation of the organ doses with tube potential and total filtration was determined by means of the Monte Carlo method using the GSF mathematical phantom, in which salivary glands, larynx and parathyroid were additionally defined. The organ doses near the incident surface decreased with increasing effective energy, while those of deep-seated organs increased. The organ dose near the film was almost constant. The variation of the effective dose equivalent Heff and the effective dose E were within 30% for tube potentials of 50-90 kVp and total filtrations of 1.5-3 mmA1 and it was concluded that an appropriate beam quality can be used to give a best image quality. The E value was smaller than Heff by a factor of 2. In calculating E, contradiction was found due to a change in the tissue weighting factor for parathyroid from zero to 0.025.
Analysis and Design of a Multi-Core Oscillator for Ultra-Low Phase Noise (2016)

In this paper, we exploit an idea of coupling multiple oscillators to reduce phase noise (PN) to beyond the limit of what has been practically achievable so far in a bulk CMOS technology. We then apply it to demonstrate for the first time an RF oscillator that meets the most stringent PN requirements of cellular basestation receivers while abiding by the process technology reliability rules. The oscillator is realized in digital 65-nm CMOS as a dualcore LC-tank oscillator based on a high-swing class-C topology. It is tunable within 4.07-4.91 GHz, while drawing 39-59 mA from a 2.15 V power supply. The measured PN is -146.7 dBc/Hz and -163.1 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz and 20 MHz offset, respectively, from a 4.07 GHz carrier, which makes it the lowest reported normalized PN of an integrated CMOS oscillator. Straightforward expressions for PN and interconnect resistance between the cores are derived and verified against circuit simulations and measurements. Analysis and simulations show that the interconnect resistance is not critical even with a 1% mismatch between the cores. This approach can be extended to a higher number of cores and achieve an arbitrary reduction in PN at the cost of the power and area.
MIMO performance in UTRA FDD uplink (2005)

We examine the uplink performance of MIMO systems in UTRA FDD mode using analytical tools and simulations. Results show that the uplink performance of the UTRA FDD mode is significantly improved by SIMO and MIMO techniques. While the performance increase from additional receive antennas in the base station reflects straightforwardly to the results, the diversity gain from additional transmit antennas at the mobile end is small. Thus, multiple transmit antennas should be used for spatial multiplexing instead of diversity.
Superconducting Glass-Ceramic Fine Rods in Bi1Ca1Sr1Cu2Al0.5Ox Prepared under a Temperature Gradient –Tc and the Texture of Specimen– (1989)

Fine glass rods (dia. 1∼2 mm) in Bi 1 Ca 1 Sr 1 Cu 2 Al 0.5 O x prepared by pumping up the melt at 1150°C into SiO 2 glass tubes were reheated to 845°C according to a given procedure under a temperature gradient (≈30°C/mm) or under no temperature gradient. The incorporated Al enhanced the glassification. In the former specimen crystals grew well to become much larger, and impurity Al was excluded from the superconducting phases on crystallization under a temperature gradient to form the aluminous fibers; the T c (zero) is ≈80 K and a shoulder appears around 110 K.
Vaginal Reconstruction with Laparoscopic-perineal Rectosigmoid Colpopoiesis in Mayer-Rokitansky- Kuster-Hauser Syndrome: A Case Report (2011)

Purpose: Various operations have been proposed to compensate for congenital absence of the vagina using ileal or colonic interposition. These methods involve laparotomy, which shows postoperative complications such as long scar and delayed recovery. One case of neovagina reconstruction with laparoscopic rectosigmoid colpopoiesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome is presented to avoid laparotomic complications. Methods: Laparoscopic surgery was performed in a 27-year-old MRKH syndrome patient. After a cruciate incision, blunt dissection through two-finger wide space was created between the bladder and the rectum. A 14-cm rectosigmoid segment vascularized by a branch of sigmoid artery was isolated by laparoscopy. The distal end was sutured with vaginal vestibule mucosa. A continuity of intestine was restored by circular end-to-end proximate curved intraluminal stapler CDH29 through perineal opening. Results: Total operation time was 4 hr 15 min. Normal walking and ingestion were possible within 3 days and 4 days after surgery. The hospital stay was 7 days and the patient was followed up for 6 months. The neovaginal introitus was wide enough for inserting two fingers, and there has been no narrowing of the neovagina on palpation as confirmed by vaginogram. The patient had functional self-lubricating neovagina without excessive mucous production or the need for routine dilation or unnoticeable scar. Conclusion: The successful result of this laparoscopic vaginal reconstruction technique with rectosigmoid segment suggests that this technique can be considered for the option of vaginal reconstruction in girls with the MRKH syndrome.
TNF-α in smoke inhalation lung injury (1997)

Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of morbidity in fire victims. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) is edematogenic and has been associated with the etiology of other forms of adult respiratory distress syndrome. In the sheep lymph fistula model, we measured TNF-alpha after 48 (n = 7) or 128 (n = 3) breaths of cotton smoke and compared this with sham controls (n = 5) or controls in which left atrial pressure was elevated to 20 mmHg (n = 5) to increase lymph flow in the absence of inflammation. Smoke induced a rise in lymph flow and pulmonary arterial pressure with either no fall in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (128 breaths) or a modest fall in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (48 breaths), consistent with a change in microvascular permeability as well as a rise in microvascular pressure. Lymph concentration of TNF-alpha fell in both groups, although lymph flux (concentration x flow) transiently rose in both. In neither case did TNF-alpha flux exceed that induced by left atrial pressure elevation. TNF-alpha was detectable in only one out of five sheep in alveolar lavage. Thus, by utilizing a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, we were unable to demonstrate a role for TNF-alpha in smoke-induced microvascular lung injury in sheep.
Histone Demethylase LSD1 Is a Folate-Binding Protein (2011)

Methylation of lysine residues in histones has been known to serve a regulatory role in gene expression. Although enzymatic removal of the methyl groups was discovered as early as 1973, the enzymes responsible for their removal were isolated and their mechanism of action was described only recently. The first enzyme to show such activity was LSD1, a flavin-containing enzyme that removes the methyl groups from lysines 4 and 9 of histone 3 with the generation of formaldehyde from the methyl group. This reaction is similar to the previously described demethylation reactions conducted by the enzymes dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase, in which protein-bound tetrahydrofolate serves as an accepter of the formaldehyde that is generated. We now show that nuclear extracts of HeLa cells contain LSD1 that is associated with folate. Using the method of back-scattering interferometry, we have measured the binding of various forms of folate to both full-length LSD1 and a truncated form of LSD1 in free solution. The 6R,S form of the natural pentaglutamate form of tetrahydrofolate bound with the highest affinity (K(d) = 2.8 μM) to full-length LSD1. The fact that folate participates in the enzymatic demethylation of histones provides an opportunity for this micronutrient to play a role in the epigenetic control of gene expression.
An asynchronous hierarchical router for networks‐on‐chip‐based three‐dimensional multi‐processor system‐on‐chip (2012)

SUMMARY Three‐dimensional networks‐on‐chip (3D NoC) are rising as a good approach to well managed complex interconnections in 3D multi‐processor system‐on‐chip (MPSoC). This paper introduces a new router in order to enhance throughput and latency compared to classic 3D mesh NoC. The proposed router is hierarchical as it is composed of two completely decoupled modules: one for inter‐layer communication and one for intra‐layer communication. It is fully implemented in asynchronous logic to allow low latency transfer. Synthesis and extrapolation results show that the hierarchical router is competitive with the classic 3D mesh in terms of area and power. Throughput and latency evaluation is performed using a SystemC‐TLM NoC simulator. Simulations' results show that the proposed hierarchical router can outperform the 3D mesh by more than 25% in terms of throughput and latency in the case of transpose traffic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Molecular approaches for safer and stronger vaccines. (1999)

Progress in molecular biology and biotechnology is making possible the development of new vaccines or the improvement of already existing ones. Recombinant DNA technology, genetic attenuation of bacterial and viral pathogens and their use as vectors for heterologous proteins, expression of microbial antigens in transgenic edible plants, and naked nucleic acid technology represent the most popular approaches hitherto adopted. A successful biotechnological approach to the development of new and improved vaccines has been based on genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins, such as the toxin of Bordetella pertussis, the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, and the toxin of Vibrio cholerae. Genetically detoxified Bordetella pertussis is now included in a commercially available acellular vaccine against pertussis. Genetically detoxified Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae have been shown to behave as very strong and safe mucosal adjuvants and are now entering the clinical stage. These results demonstrate that a rational molecular approach to the development of safer and stronger vaccines is feasible.
A non-invasive glucose level estimation in a multi-sensing health care monitoring system (2017)

The results suggest the proposed approach could be considered highly competitive regarding standard tests and validated with commercial health care monitoring systems.
SFigure S2 from Age and Gender Associations of Virus Positivity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Characterized Using a Novel RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization Assay (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Read depth histograms across the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) genome for two Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Carbon Nanotube Lateral Field Emission Device with Embedded Field Effect Transistor (2018)

A novel device structure that combines field emission and field effect transistor (FET) on a laterally grown individual semiconducting singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is proposed and realized. The SWNT serves as both the channel of the FET and the field emitter. The emission current is restricted to the supply current from the FET and hence subject to the gate modulation. The bias conditions on either device are self-adaptive to satisfy current continuity. The measurement results demonstrate good emission current stability and effective gate control over the emission characteristics. This novel type of device could establish a new approach to develop miniaturized field emission devices with superior characteristics for chip-level integration.
A Sidelobe Suppression Technique by Regenerating Null Signals in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radios (2009)

In this paper, a sidelobe suppression technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based cognitive radios (CR) is proposed. In the OFDM-based CR systems, after the CR terminal executes spectrum sensing, it transmits a CR packet by activating the subcarriers in the frequency bands where no signals are detected (hereinafter, these subcarriers are called “active subcarrier”) and by disabling (nulling) the subcarriers in the frequency bands where the signals are detected. In this situation, a problem arises in that the signals that leak from the active subcarriers to the null subcarriers may interfere with the primary systems. Therefore, this signal leakage has to be minimized. In many OFDM-based wireless communication systems, one packet or frame consists of multiple OFDM symbols and the discontinuity between the consecutive OFDM symbols causes the signal leakage to the null subcarriers. In the proposed method, signal leakage to the null subcarriers is suppressed by regenerating null subcarriers in the frequency-domain signal of the whole packet as follows. One CR packet consisting of multiple OFDM symbols having null subcarriers and guard interval (GI) is buffered and oversampled, and then the oversampled signal is Fourier transformed at once and consequently the frequency-domain signal of the packet is obtained. The null subcarriers in the frequency-domain signal are zeroed again, and then the signal is inverse Fourier transformed and transmitted. The proposed method significantly suppresses the signal leakage. The spectral power density, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the packet error rate (PER) performances of the proposed method are evaluated by computer simulations and the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.
Enhancing Privacy Preservation of Anonymous Location Sampling Techniques in Traffic Monitoring Systems (2006)

Automotive traffic monitoring belongs to a class of applications that collect aggregate statistics from the location traces of a large number of users. A widely-accepted belief is that anonymization of individual records can address the privacy problem which such aggregate statistics might pose. However, in this paper, we show that data mining techniques, such as clustering, can reconstruct private information from such anonymous traces. To meet this new challenge, we propose enhanced privacy-preserving algorithm to control the release of location traces near origins/destinations and evaluate it using real-world GPS location traces
RESPONSE OF GREEN HYDRA TO FEEDING AND STARVATION AT FOUR IRRADIANCES (1987)

The relationship between the productivity of symbiotic algae and growth of the hydra, Hydra viridissima (Florida strain), was investigated in hydra maintained at four irradiances (5, 10, 15, and 30 µE·m-2·s-1) and either fed or starved. Although the productivity of fed hydra increased from 0.3 to 1.15 µg C·mg protein-1·h-1 with increase in culture irradiance, there was no significant effect of culture irradiance on population growth or on the protein biomass of individual hydra. The survival of starved hydra was similarly not affected by culture irradiance. Algal-animal biomass parameters changed in response to feeding and culture irradiance. Numbers of symbiotic algae in fed hydra declined with increased culture irradiance. The protein content of hydra starved for 28 days declined to 10% of initial levels. The relative proportion of algal to animal biomass increased in starved hydra as both algal densities and algal cell volumes were almost twice those of fed hydra. Whereas culture irradiance and feeding alter the ratio of algal to animal biomass, growth of this green hydra is only affected by feeding.
A Comprehensive Distributed Pipeline Condition Monitoring System and Its Field Trial (2008)

In this paper we describe a unique and innovative pipeline and flowline monitoring system which has been developed by Schlumberger in collaboration with BP. Applications of the system include pipeline/flowline integrity monitoring and overall optimization of the operation of the pipeline/flowline. Details of the pipeline condition monitoring system (PCMS) components are provided along with the results from comprehensive field trials. The system uses novel optical fibre distributed sensors to provide simultaneous distributed measurements of temperature, strain and vibration for the detection, monitoring, and location of events including: • Third Party Interference (TPI), including multiple simultaneous disturbances; • Geo-hazards and landslides; • Gas and oil leaks; • Permafrost protection. The system performs analysis of the combination of measurands to provide the operator with an event recognition and location capability allowing the most appropriate early response to be initiated. Through the use of newly developed remote, optically powered amplification, an unprecedented detection range of 100km is achieved without the need for any electronics and therefore remote power in the field. A system can thus monitor 200km when configured to monitor 100km in two directions from a single location. As well as detecting the external conditions leading to leaks, this fully integrated system provides a means of detecting and locating small leaks in gas pipelines below the threshold of present online leak detection systems based on monitoring flow parameters. Other benefits include the enhancement of the operator’s existing integrity management program and the potential for reductions in surveillance costs and HSE risks. In addition to onshore pipeline systems this combination of functionality and range is available for practicable monitoring in a wide range of other applications such as: • Long subsea flowlines; • Umbilicals; • Power cables; • Offshore riser systems; • Settlement in tank farms; • Facilities perimeter security. An important deliverable from this work includes the design and field testing of a bespoke optical sensor cable, designed to be sensitive to ground movement to allow distributed strain measurement whilst withstanding the rigors of the pipeline environment. In this paper, we describe the new optical sensing methods developed, and the results of the extensive field trials performed during 2007 and 2008 to fully evaluate and prove the system for use on long hydrocarbon transmission pipelines. Specifically, we demonstrate the detection of small gas releases, simulated earth movement and a number of different types of third party interventions at the full 100km target range.
Quality assessment of 3D visualizations with vertical disparity: An ERP approach (2017)

In an objective approach for the assessment of quality of experience the neural correlates of EEG data are studied when stereoscopic images are presented in three different conditions containing vertical disparity. These conditions are compared to a similar image in 2D both on the channel level by studying the ERP components and on the source level by the localization of the corresponding ERP component. Our findings posit that P1 component in the occipital cortex has significantly increased in amplitude for 3D condition without vertical disparity compared to the 2D condition. According to previous studies, this component increases when depth information are added to the stimulus which is in line with our findings. However the amplitude of this component has significantly decreased for 3D condition with maximum vertical disparity compared to the 3D condition without vertical disparity. We have concluded that the perception of stereoscopic depth by subjects have decreased in this case due to the distortion introduced by vertical disparity. The underlying sources corresponding to P1 component are localized. Except for the power differences, the source locations do not differ for different conditions.