gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-fuel low-NO/sub x/ burner development, Phase II. Final report Mar 79-Feb 82 (1982)

The objective of this program was to develop high-efficiency, low-nitrogen-oxides producing multi-fuel industrial burners having flame and heat-transfer characteristics that are suitable for specific industrial processes in cooperation with burner manufacturers for process heating applications. Burners for three industrial processes were designed to achieve a reduction in NOx emissions compared with currently used standard burners: (1) A high excess air burner used in direct air dryers for applications in the food processing industry, (2) A hot air burner having high convective heat transfer for direct fired metal processing furnaces, and (3) A hot air burner with a long, luminous flame for direct fired process furnaces in the steel, aluminum, and glass industries. Bench scale tests on catalytic combustors verified the possibility of achieving extremely low-NOx emissions from a burner designed for food drying applications. Unfortunately, the high preheat temperature required for the air/fuel mixture is impractical. The high-convective, hot air burner achieved NOx emission reduction of up to 50%. However, additional work is required to determine whether or not the burner would perform adequately in metal processing applications. NOx emissions from the hot air burner with a long, luminous flame were 45 to 60% lower than the standard burner. Althoughmore » the flame characteristics were slightly different, they seemed acceptable for many industrial applications.« less
Quasi-dual modulation of three-phase PWM converters (1993)

The possibility of transferring the modulation method developed for a pulse width modulated (PWM) power converter with a DC voltage link (VLC) to a PWM converter with a DC current link (CLC) based on the inverse current and voltage behavior of these two systems is evaluated. The duality between VLC and CLC, which has been intuitively clear, is treated here in a scientific approach. It is shown that the nonplanar property of three-phase bridge circuits leads to a quasi-dual relation of the switching states of the VLC and CLC systems. The code conversion of the binary switching functions of a VLC into control signals of the power electronic devices of a CLC is given. The remaining degree of freedom of the correspondence is set by the requirement of minimum switching frequency of the converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Mitochondrial/Cell-Surface Protein p32/gC1qR as a Molecular Target in Tumor Cells and Tumor Stroma (2023)

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Mitochondrial/Cell-Surface Protein p32/gC1qR as a Molecular Target in Tumor Cells and Tumor Stroma
Privacy Protection NAND Flash System With Flexible Data-Lifetime Control by In-3-D Vertical Cell Processing (2020)

This article proposes a privacy-aware data-lifetime control NAND flash system (PDLCS) that changes the data-lifetime flexibly for privacy protection. The proposed PDLCS consists of four proposed techniques: 1) inverse Huffman-coding V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> modulation (IHVM); 2) immediate delete command (IDC); 3) adaptive lifetime extension (ALE); and 4) adaptive lifetime reduction (ALR), with In-3-D vertical cell processing of 3-D NAND flash memories. This system realizes both short- and long-term data lifetimes. Furthermore, data lifetime can be extended or shortened at any time. This cannot be realized by conventional 2-D NAND flash memories because data lifetime is controlled by the lateral charge migration in 3-D NAND flash memories. The proposed PDLCS secures privacy data and, thus, is a universal solution for future secure storage, which is not resolved by software techniques.
Racemic Vinylallenes in Catalytic Enantioselective Multicomponent Processes: Rapid Generation of Complexity through 1,6‐Conjugate Additions (2019)

Abstract Racemic vinylallenes are shown to be effective substrates for catalytic multicomponent diastereo‐ and enantioselective 1,6‐conjugate addition of multifunctional allyl moieties to easily accessible α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated diesters. Reactions may be catalyzed by 5.0 mol % of a readily accessible NHC‐Cu complex at ambient temperature, and other than a vinylallene, involve B 2 (pin) 2 and an α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated diester. A variety of vinylallenes were converted to products bearing a Z‐trisubstituted alkenyl‐B(pin) moiety, a vinyl group, a β,γ‐unsaturated diester unit, and vicinal stereogenic centers in up to 67 % yield, 87:13 Z / E ratio, &gt;98:2 d.r., and 98:2 e.r. Chemoselective modifications involving the alkenyl‐B(pin), the vinyl, or the 1,2‐disubstituted olefin moieties were carried out to demonstrate versatility and utility. Stereochemical models, based on mechanistic and DFT studies, demonstrate the dynamic behavior of intermediated Cu‐allyl species and account for various selectivity profiles.
People, Quakes, and Communications: Inferences from Call Dynamics about a Seismic Event and its Influences on a Population (2010)

We explore the prospect of inferring the epicenter and influences of seismic activity from changes in background phone communication activities logged at cell towers. In particular, we explore the perturbations in Rwandan call data invoked by an earthquake in February 2008 centered in the Lac Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Beyond the initial seismic event, we investigate the challenge of assessing the distribution of the persistence of needs over geographic regions, using the persistence of call anomalies after the earthquake as a proxy for lasting influences and the potential need for assistance. We also infer uncertainties in the inferences and consider the prospect of identifying the value of surveying the areas so that surveillance resources can be best triaged.
A Metastable Polymorph of Metformin Hydrochloride:  Isolation and Characterization Using Capillary Crystallization and Thermal Microscopy Techniques (2004)

Capillary crystallization techniques and thermal microscopy have been used to identify and characterize a metastable polymorph of metformin hydrochloride. The single crystal structure of the metastable polymorph (Form B) is reported and compared to the known thermodynamically stable form (Form A). There is a 5.8% density difference between Form A and Form B. N−H···N hydrogen bonds form a 1D rod motif in Form A as opposed to a 0D dimer in Form B, while the charge-assisted N−H···Cl hydrogen bonds maintain a layered motif in both Forms A and B. The preferential generation of metastable solid phases is discussed in the context of classical nucleation theory.
NQO1 activation regulates angiotensin-converting enzyme shedding in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2013)

This is the first study demonstrating that ACE shedding is regulated by NQO1 activation, which is possibly correlated with relieving hypertension in SHR. These findings provide strong evidence suggesting that NQO1 might be a new target for ACE modulation and BP control.
Interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme-like protease cleaves DNA-dependent protein kinase in cytotoxic T cell killing. (1996)

Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) represent the major defense mechanism against the spread of virus infection. It is believed that the pore-forming protein, perforin, facilitates the entry of a series of serine proteases (particularly granzyme B) into the target cell which ultimately leads to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. We demonstrate here that during CTL-mediated cytolysis the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), an enzyme implicated in the repair of double strand breaks in DNA, is specifically cleaved by an interleukin (IL)-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease. A serine protease inhibitor, 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCl), which is known to block granzyme B activity, inhibited CTL-induced apoptosis and prevented the degradation of DNA-PKcs in cells but failed to prevent the degradation of purified DNA-PKcs by CTL extracts. However, Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-CH2Cl (YVAD-CMK) and other cysteine protease inhibitors prevented the degradation of purified DNA-PKcs by CTL extracts. Furthermore, incubation of DNA-PKcs with granzyme B did not produce the same cleavage pattern observed in cells undergoing apoptosis and when this substrate was incubated with either CTL extracts or the ICE-like protease, CPP32. Sequence analysis revealed that the cleavage site in DNA-PKcs during CTL killing was the same as that when this substrate was exposed to CPP32. This study demonstrates for the first time that the cleavage of DNA-PKcs in this intact cell system is exclusively due to an ICE-like protease.
Time-Varying BRDFs (2007)

The properties of virtually all real-world materials change with time, causing their bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) to be time varying. However, none of the existing BRDF models and databases take time variation into consideration; they represent the appearance of a material at a single time instance. In this paper, we address the acquisition, analysis, modeling, and rendering of a wide range of time-varying BRDFs (TVBRDFs). We have developed an acquisition system that is capable of sampling a material's BRDF at multiple time instances, with each time sample acquired within 36 sec. We have used this acquisition system to measure the BRDFs of a wide range of time-varying phenomena, which include the drying of various types of paints (watercolor, spray, and oil), the drying of wet rough surfaces (cement, plaster, and fabrics), the accumulation of dusts (household and joint compound) on surfaces, and the melting of materials (chocolate). Analytic BRDF functions are fit to these measurements and the model parameters' variations with time are analyzed. Each category exhibits interesting and sometimes nonintuitive parameter trends. These parameter trends are then used to develop analytic TVBRDF models. The analytic TVBRDF models enable us to apply effects such as paint drying and dust accumulation to arbitrary surfaces and novel materials.
Detachment of Oil Drops from Solid Surfaces in Surfactant Solutions: Molecular Mechanisms at a Moving Contact Line (2004)

Here, we present experimental data and a theoretical model for the dynamics of detachment of hexadecane drops from a solid substrate (glass plate) in aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant and salt, at various temperatures. The influence of the experimental conditions on the motion of the three-phase contact line is investigated. We found indications that water molecules can propagate by lateral diffusion in a thin layer on the surface of the solid plate. The driving force of the detachment process, viz., the imbalance of the interfacial tensions at the contact line, is engendered by the water penetration, while the line friction force compensates this imbalance and determines the stationary speed. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is achieved. The present study specifies the parameters that can be used to quantitatively characterize the rate of drop detachment, determines the values of these parameters at various experimental conditions, and indicates tools for control of the investigated spontaneous process.
Uncatalyzed microwave deuterium exchange labeling of bleomycin A2 (2004)

Abstract Bleomycin sulfate in D 2 O was deuterated using microwave irradiation under catalyst free conditions. Following the removal of labile deuterium and purification, bleomycin A 2 with mass M + 1 to M + 7 was obtained. Successful selective uncatalyzed microwave deuterium exchange reactions on examples from the following classes of heterocycles are also described: imidazole, thiazole, indole, purine, and quinazoline. The described method was used as a test for non‐labile active protons. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
THE FIRE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN OLDER ADULTS: ETIOLOGIES, CONSEQUENCES, AND TREATMENTS (2017)

Chronic inflammation is recognized as a globally prevalent condition related to aging that worsens chronic disease states, drives functional and cognitive decline, and accelerates mortality in older adults. Age-related etiological drivers are likely senescent cells, altered immune system composition, mitochondrial declines, altered microbiome, and chronic infections such as CMV. The consequence of chronic inflammation is increased production of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and an altered adaptive immune system which drives pathophysiological changes in organs and tissues, which in turn accelerates adverse health outcomes and chronic disease status in older adults. Although many inflammatory cytokines have been used to identify older adults with chronic inflammation, no diagnostic gold standard exists. Further, few if any preventive and treatment strategies beyond exercise have been identified or tested. In this interdisciplinary and translational symposium, assembled by the Geroscience Interest group of the Gerontological Society of America, an international roster of speakers will discuss 1) the prevalence, consequences, and diagnostic considerations for chronic inflammation from studies of older adults from around the world, 2) the molecular etiologies and the cellular mechanisms, including cellular debris and auto reactive processes, that drive chronic diseases, 3) the role of the altered immune system and the impact of chronic infections such as CMV on the development of chronic inflammation and adaptive immune system modulation and 4) novel intervention strategies in older adults including fish oil and losartan that target chronic inflammation and mobility.
Supplementary Table 1 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Primary diagnostic codes for selected cancers&lt;/p&gt;
Slow positron applications at slow positron facility of institute of materials structure science, KEK (2018)

Slow Positron Facility at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) is a user dedicated facility with an energy-tunable (0.1 - 35 keV) slow positron beam created by a dedicated ∼ 50 MeV linac. It operates in a short pulse (width 1-12 ns, variable, 5×106 e+/s) and a long pulse (width 1.2 µs, 5×107 e+/s) modes of 50 Hz. High energy positrons from pair creation are moderated by reemission after thermalization in W foils. The reemitted positrons are then electrostatically accelerated to a desired energy up to 35 keV and magnetically transported. A pulse-stretching section (pulse stretcher) is installed in the middle of the beamline. It stretches the slow positron pulse for the experiments where too many positrons annihilating in the sample at the same time has to be avoided. Four experiment stations for TRHEPD (total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction), LEPD (low-energy positron diffraction), Ps− (positronium negative ion), and Ps-TOF (positronium time-of-flight) experiments are connected to the beamline branches, SPF-A3, SPF-A4, SPF-B1 and SPF-B2, respectively. Recent results of these stations are briefly described.
1462 Effect of a Liquid-Packing Bag on Liquid Movement in Containers Subjected to Impact Due to Dropping (2005)

The effect of a liquid-packing bag of liquid movement in containers subjected to impact loads due to free fall was investigated using a visualization technique. Two types of containers were used. One consisted of a case made of transparent plastic plates and a liquid-packing bag made of transparent plastic films. The bag contained about 1,000ml of liquid. The other was a case made only of transparent plastic plates. The case contained about 1,000ml of water. Polyethylene particles of about 3mm in diameter were included in the liquid to visualize movement of liquid in the containers. The containers were subjected to impact due to free fall, and photographs of the containers were taken using a high-speed camera. Results indicated that a liquid-packing bag has a great effect on the liquid movement in the containers.
<title>Multiphoton-excited fluorescence particle metrology: application to silica hydrogels</title> (2001)

We demonstrate a new application of multiphoton excitation of fluorescence; the measurement of silica particle growth during sol-gel polymerization. Recently we have reported the use of fluorescence anisotropy as an alternative approach to nm particle sizing using conventional techniques such as small angle light, neutron or x-ray scattering. Advantages of our approach include near angstrom resolution, minimal interference from the gel network as well as the additional benefits of providing microviscosity and hydrodynamic information. Fluorescence anisotropy applied to particle sizing in colloids in general is still in its infancy, but in this paper we show using probes fluorescein and rhodamine 6G, under conditions unsuitable for one-photon excitation, can be successful with multiphoton excitation.
SAR exploration of the non‐imidazole histamine H3 receptor ligand ZEL‐H16 reveals potent inverse agonism (2022)

Histamine H<sub>3</sub> receptor (H<sub>3</sub> R) agonists without an imidazole moiety remain very scarce. Of these, ZEL-H16 (1) has been reported previously as a high-affinity non-imidazole H<sub>3</sub> R (partial) agonist. Our structure-activity relationship analysis using derivatives of 1 identified both basic moieties as key interaction motifs and the distance of these from the central core as a determinant for H<sub>3</sub> R affinity. However, in spite of the reported H<sub>3</sub> R (partial) agonism, in our hands, 1 acts as an inverse agonist for Gα<sub>i</sub> signaling in a CRE-luciferase reporter gene assay and using an H<sub>3</sub> R conformational sensor. Inverse agonism was also observed for all of the synthesized derivatives of 1. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations suggest ionic interactions/hydrogen bonds to H<sub>3</sub> R residues D114<sup>3.32</sup> and E206<sup>5.46</sup> as essential interaction points.
Smart energy grid security workshop (SEGS'13) (2013)

The Smart Energy Grid Security (SEGS) Workshop aims to foster innovative research and discussion about smart energy grid security and privacy challenges, issues, approaches, and solutions. SEGS publications offer perspectives from both academia and industry, and present novel research on theoretical and practical aspects of smart grid security and privacy, including design, analysis, experimentation, and fielded systems. SEGS also includes presentations from other communities, such as law, economics, and HCI, that present these communities' perspectives on technological issues. The scope of the workshop encompasses all aspects of the smart grid, including distribution, transmission, generation, metering, e-mobility, and integration of distributed energy resources.
Measurement of the electron velocity distribution of a quasi-optical gyrotron by Thomson scattering (1990)

Note: Societe Suisse de Physique, Automne 1990 Reference CRPP-CONF-1990-029 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12
Diffusion barriers for achieving controlled concentrations of luminescent dopants via diffusion for mask-less RGB color patterning of organic light emitting devices (2015)

Using molecular diffusion as an approach to introduce organic luminescent dopants for making organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) of different colors on one substrate has the potential to overcome the yield and resolution limitations of the current OLED display technology. In this work, diffusion barriers made of MoO<sub>3</sub> and a hole transport material mixture are introduced. The barriers effectively confine the diffusion of the dopants to only the desired depths. With the use of these barriers, OLEDs with highly controlled doping concentrations and performance are fabricated. The barriers thus allow utilizing simple diffusion methods for RGB patterning in OLEDs.
Humoral and T-cell immune response after three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in fragile patients: the Italian VAX4FRAIL study (2022)

Abstract Background Patients with solid or hematological tumors, neurological and immune-inflammatory disorders represent potentially fragile subjects with increased risk to experience severe COVID-19 and inadequate response to SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Methods We designed a prospective Italian multicentric study to assess humoral and T-cell response to SARS-CoV2 vaccination in patients (n=378) with solid tumors (ST), hematological malignancies (HM), neurological (ND) and immuno-rheumatological diseases (ID). The immunogenicity of primary vaccination schedule and of the booster dose were analyzed. Results Overall, patient seroconversion rate after two doses was 62.1%. A significant lower rate was observed in HM (52.4%) and ID (51.9%) patients compared to ST (95.6%) and ND (70.7%); a lower median level of antibodies was detected in HM and ID versus the others (p&lt;0.0001). A similar rate of patients with a positive SARS-CoV2 T-cell response was observed in all disease groups, with a higher level observed in the ND group. The booster dose improved humoral responses in all disease groups, although with a lower response in HM patients, while the T-cell response increased similarly in all groups. In the multivariable logistic model, the independent predictors for seroconversion were disease subgroups, type of therapies and age. Notably, the ongoing treatment known to affect the immune system was associated with the worst humoral response to vaccination (p&lt;0.0001), but had no effects on the T-cell responses. Conclusions Immunosuppressive treatment more than disease type per se is a risk factor for low humoral response after vaccination. The booster dose can improve both humoral and T-cell response. Article’s main point - Lower rate of seroconversion was observed in fragile patients as compared to healthy controls - The booster dose improves humoral and T-cell response in all fragile patient groups - Immunosuppressive treatment was associated with the worst humoral response to vaccination, but had no effects on T-cell responses.
Osteoblast connexin43 modulates skeletal architecture by regulating both arms of bone remodeling (2011)

Connexin43 (Cx43) has an important role in skeletal homeostasis, and Cx43 gene (Gja1) mutations have been linked to oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), a human disorder characterized by prominent skeletal abnormalities. To determine the function of Cx43 at early steps of osteogenesis and its role in the ODDD skeletal phenotype, we have used the Dermo1 promoter to drive Gja1 ablation or induce an ODDD mutation in the chondro-osteogenic linage. Both Gja1 null and ODDD mutant mice develop age-related osteopenia, primarily due to a progressive enlargement of the medullary cavity and cortical thinning. This phenotype is the consequence of a high bone turnover state, with increased endocortical osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and increased periosteal bone apposition. Increased bone resorption is a noncell autonomous defect, caused by exuberant stimulation of osteoclastogenesis by Cx43-deficient bone marrow stromal cells, via decreased Opg production. The latter is part of a broad defect in osteoblast differentiation and function, which also results in abnormal structural and material properties of bone leading to decreased resistance to mechanical load. Thus Cx43 in osteogenic cells is a critical regulator of both arms of the bone remodeling cycle, its absence causing structural changes remindful of aged or disused bone.