gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of temperature alterations to characterize vascular reactivity (2010)

Monitoring alterations in fingertip temperature during ischaemia and the subsequent hyperaemia provides a novel way of studying microvascular reactivity. The relations between parameters characterizing blood perfusion and the thermal response of fingertips were studied using experimental and theoretical approaches. During the experimental protocol, two brachial artery occlusion tests were conducted in 12 healthy volunteers, and fingertip temperature, heat flux and skin perfusion using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were measured. The temperature curves provide a smooth and robust response that is able to capture occlusion and reperfusion. The temperature fall during occlusion as well as the maximum temperature recorded depended linearly on the initial temperature. The magnitude of the LDF signal was associated with local tissue temperature and followed an exponential response. Heat flux measurements demonstrated rapid changes and followed variations in blood perfusion closely. The time points at which the heat flux reached its maximum corresponded to the time at which the fingertip temperature curves showed an inflection point after cuff release. The time required for the fingertip temperature to arrive at the maximum temperature was greater than the time to peak for the heat flux signal, which was greater than the LDF signal to reach a maximum. The time lag between these signals was a function of the finger size and finger temperature at the moment reperfusion restarted. Our present results indicate that finger temperature, heat flux and perfusion display varying rates of recovery following ischaemic stimuli and that differential responses are associated with the initial finger temperature.
Direct bonding of piezoelectric crystal onto silicon (1995)

A method for bonding a piezoelectric crystal directly onto silicon, without any bonding agents, is reported. The interface microstructure, procedures of fabricating a lithium tantalate (LiTaO3■- on-silicon resonator, and its resonant characteristics are described. This technique is very promising for miniaturizing electroacoustic integrated devices.
Similar pharmacokinetics of three dosing regimens comprising two oral delayed‐release mesalamine formulations in healthy adult volunteers: Randomised, open‐label, parallel‐group study (2020)

Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics for Asacol TID, Asacol QD, and Lialda QD are similar, suggesting similar daily systemic exposures can be obtained with either TID or QD dosing. NCT00751699.
Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate. II. Mathematical model for the monomer transport (1988)

Abstract A mathematical model is presented to describe the monomer transport between monomer droplets, aqueous phase, and polymer particles during the course of an emulsion polymerization. The model was used to investigate the role of the cosurfactant (hexadecane) in the miniemulsion copolymerization of 50:50 molar ratio vinyl acetate‐butyl acrylate monomer mixture, as well as the effect of the different components and process variables on the rate of copolymerization, monomer distribution between phases, and composition of the copolymer.
The Kinase Inhibitor PKC412 Suppresses Epiretinal Membrane Formation and Retinal Detachment in Mice with Proliferative Retinopathies (2003)

These data indicate that PKC412 (and possibly PTK787) has appropriate activity and sufficient intraocular bioavailability after oral administration to prevent retinal detachment in models of proliferative retinopathy. PKC412 should be considered for treatment of vascular and nonvascular proliferative retinopathies in humans.
Aerosol flow reactor production of fine Y1Ba2Cu3O7 powder: Fabrication of superconducting ceramics (1988)

An aerosol flow reactor operating at 900–1000 °C is used to prepare high-purity Y1Ba2Cu3O7 powders with a uniform chemical composition and a submicron to micron average particle size by thermally decomposing aerosol droplets of a solution consisting of the nitrate salts of Y, Ba, and Cu in a 1:2:3 ratio. The powders were at least 99% reacted based on thermogravimetric analysis, and the x-ray diffraction pattern is essentially that of Y1Ba2Cu3O7. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed the powders to be superconducting with a transition at 90 K even for average reactor residence times as short as 20 s. Sintering cold-pressed pellets between 900 and 1000 °C provides dense, fine grained (average size on the order of 1 μm) superconducting ceramics with sharp 90 K transitions. The grain size and shape of a final sintered part could be varied depending on powder production, processing, and sintering conditions.
Progress toward cariporide analogs for sodium-proton exchange inhibition (2008)

The sodium proton exchanger (NHE) is particularly important in maintaining the intracellular pH in human heart and brain. Under anaerobic conditions (i.e., ischemia), a shift from oxidative to nonoxidative glycolysis occurs. The resultant decrease in the intracellular pH activates NHE, which increases the intracellular sodium, initiating the sequence of physiological events that lead to cell death. Thus, there has been great interest in the development of compounds that inhibit NHE. Indeed, potent NHE inhibitors are available. However, a fundamental impediment to the field is the delivery of these compounds to poorly vascularized tissues during the early phases of ischemia when NHE inhibition is most beneficial. We have synthesized analogs of cariporide, a potent (e.g., nanomolar IC50 activity) NHE inhibitor, to address these temporal and delivery challenges. The preparation and biological activities of our cariporide analogs will be discussed.
CHARACTERIZING AND MAPPING THE FIELD SCALE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SURFACE HORIZON SOIL PROPERTIES AND WATER CONTENT WITH NONINVASIVE EM38 (2015)

The spatial variability of physical soil properties at the field scale is increasingly important in agriculture and natural resource management. Changes in topography, parent material, management practices, erosion/deposition rates, etc. can influence the variability of the soil’s physical properties and help guide management and land use plans. The Geonics EM38 is a noninvasive geophysical sensor which is used to measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil through electromagnetic induction – primarily influenced by clay content, soil moisture content, and salinity. Soil moisture has been found to be a significant contributor to ECa and is therefore useful in determining both spatial and temporal variation in available soil water content across a landscape. This study conducted at the Lake Wheeler Research Facility in Raleigh, North Carolina examined the ability of EM38 to quantify and map the topographic relationship and variability of soil moisture content of the soil surface (0 -.15m). Soil cores were collected at 14 locations and used to determine soil particle size, bulk density, and available water content. Multiple EM38 surveys were conducted along transects of a rain-fed agricultural field and used to calibrate readings with volumetric water content. Data and maps developed with ArcGIS software will be presented of ECa survey measurements, water retention curves, particle size analyses, and bulk densities for soil cores collected. The goal of the study was to determine how soils – and associated moisture content – vary spatially and if this variability can be detected using EM38 sensor techniques.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Proteomics-Based Identification of DUB Substrates Using Selective Inhibitors. (2020)

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) catalyze the removal of ubiquitin, thereby reversing the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases and are central to the control of protein abundance and function. Despite the growing interest in DUBs as therapeutic targets, cellular functions for DUBs remain largely unknown and technical challenges often preclude the identification of DUB substrates in a comprehensive manner. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with potent DUB inhibitors coupled to mass spectrometry-based proteomics can identify DUB substrates at a proteome-wide scale. We applied this approach to USP7, a DUB widely investigated as a therapeutic target and identified many known substrates and additional targets. We demonstrate that USP7 substrates are enriched for DNA repair enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. This work provides not only a comprehensive annotation of USP7 substrates, but a general protocol widely applicable to other DUBs, which is critical for translational development of DUB targeted agents.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. PMID: 33007217 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA218278 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA214608
Leucocytes and Platelets in Isolated Lung Perfusion (1975)

Removal of leucocytes and platelets from homologous blood prevents early functional and morphologic deterioration of an isolated rabbit lung preparation. Lungs perfused with whole blood have a marked ability for granulocyte sequestration. Control experiments in which the perfusion system was not connected with the lung revealed an increase of plasma serotonin and histamine levels due to platelet injury and/or aggregation generated by the perfusion circuit. When an isolated lung was connected with the circuit, plasma serotonin was largely metabolized. However, the metabolic uptake of serotonin by lungs perfused with whole blood decreased after 30 min while pulmonary vascular resistence (PVR) increased. In contrast, perfusion experiments with blood from which almost all leucocytes had been removed, were characterized by a less pronounced rise of plasma serotonin level and no or little change in PVR. It is concluded that leucocytes particularly granulocytes most likely traumatized by the extracorporeal procedure, have a detrimental effect on the integrity of perfused isolated lungs. Damage of endothelium, which has been recognized as a site of serotonin metabolism, could then be an early symptom. The results of our experiments in which the perfused isolated lung preparation has been used as a model for pulmonary dysfunction after extracorporeal circulation and massive transfusion warrants more attention to be paid to the role granulocytes and platelets play in the genesis of respiratory distress after such procedures.
Latency-Constrained Highly-Reliable mmWave Communication via Multi-point Connectivity (2021)

The sensitivity of millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio channel to blockage is a fundamental challenge in achieving low-latency and ultra-reliable connectivity. In this paper, we explore the viability of using coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission for a delay bounded and reliable mmWave communication. We propose a novel blockage-aware algorithm for the sum-power minimization problem under the user-specific latency requirements in a dynamic mobile access network. We use the Lyapunov optimization framework, and provide a dynamic control algorithm, which efficiently transforms a time-average stochastic problem into a sequence of deterministic subproblems. A robust beamformer design is then proposed by exploiting the queue backlogs and channel information, that efficiently allocates the required radio and cooperation resources, and proactively leverages the multi-antenna spatial diversity according to the instantaneous needs of the users. Further, to adapt to the uncertainties of the mmWave channel, we consider a pessimistic estimate of the rates over link blockage combinations and an adaptive selection of the CoMP serving set from the available remote radio units (RRUs). Moreover, after the relaxation of coupled and non-convex constraints via the Fractional Program (FP) techniques, a low-complexity closed-form iterative algorithm is provided by solving a system of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. The simulation results manifest that, in the presence of random blockages, the proposed methods outperform the baseline scenarios and provide power-efficient, high-reliable, and low-latency mmWave communication.
Automated detection of esophageal dysplasia in in vivo optical coherence tomography images of the human esophagus (2018)

Catheter-based Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) devices allow real-time and comprehensive imaging of the human esophagus. Hence, they provide the potential to overcome some of the limitations of endoscopy and biopsy, allowing earlier diagnosis and better prognosis for esophageal adenocarcinoma patients. However, the large number of images produced during every scan makes manual evaluation of the data exceedingly difficult. In this study, we propose a fully automated tissue characterization algorithm, capable of discriminating normal tissue from Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) and dysplasia through entire three-dimensional (3D) data sets, acquired in vivo. The method is based on both the estimation of the scatterer size of the esophageal epithelial cells, using the bandwidth of the correlation of the derivative (COD) method, as well as intensity-based characteristics. The COD method can effectively estimate the scatterer size of the esophageal epithelium cells in good agreement with the literature. As expected, both the mean scatterer size and its standard deviation increase with increasing severity of disease (i.e. from normal to BE to dysplasia). The differences in the distribution of scatterer size for each tissue type are statistically significant, with a p value of &lt; 0.0001. However, the scatterer size by itself cannot be used to accurately classify the various tissues. With the addition of intensity-based statistics the correct classification rates for all three tissue types range from 83 to 100% depending on the lesion size.
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide catalyzed by O‐methylated or crosslinked poly(p‐hydroxystyrene)/diethylzinc system (1980)

Abstract Effective catalysts for the copolymerization of CO 2 with 1,2‐epoxypropane were prepared from partially O ‐methylated or crosslinked poly[1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylene] and Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 . The highest activity was obtained with catalysts of 30 to 40% methylation or crosslinking. Inactivation of the catalysts during the copolymerization was decreased by crosslinking, increasing the yield of the copolymer. The higher rigidity of the catalyst structure is responsible for its higher activity and stability.
Low-Complexity Enhancement Layer Compression for Scalable Lossless Video Coding Based on HEVC (2016)

Lossless compression is desired, especially for professional applications like medical imaging. However, scalability may be necessary to transmit a fast preview of pictures when the channel capacity is limited. Furthermore, there may be the need for random access to single frames of a losslessly reconstructed video. We present and evaluate a lossy-to-lossless scalable video coding system in which the scalability is achieved by using a lossy base layer (BL) in conjunction with lossless compression of the reconstruction error in the enhancement layer (EL). High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is employed for encoding the BL. For compression of the EL, we propose a low-complexity scheme called sample-based weighted prediction for EL coding (SELC). Furthermore, EL compression using JPEG-LS and the scalable extension of HEVC (SHVC) are evaluated. The performance of scalable coding using each of these three methods is compared with lossless single-layer (SL) coding using the intra-main RExt configuration. Experimental results show that the scalable coding with SELC achieves average bitrate savings of 7.3% compared with the lossless SL coding, while average bitrate reductions of only 6.3% and 3.9% are obtained using JPEG-LS and SHVC, respectively. Concerning runtime, the additional encoder runtimes of SELC and JPEG-LS compared with the BL coding are negligible. In contrast to that, the runtime of the SHVC EL encoder is much higher and similar to the runtime of the BL encoder.
Joint Numerical–Experimental Investigation of Enhanced Chemical Reactivity in Microfibrous Materials for Desulfurization (2014)

Ultra-pure hydrogen is very much required for a healthy operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The concentration of sulfur in the fuel is an important controlling factor because it leads to pollution via sulfur oxides. H2S sorbent or catalysts coated on the particles that are in the order of 100 μm diameters entrapped into a high void volume carrier structure of sintered microfibers are observed to possess significantly higher heterogeneous reaction rates than packed beds of the small particle size. Fundamental reasons for this difference are investigated in this study to determine if such differences are caused by: (1) bed channeling, (2) microscale interstitial/interparticle velocity distributions, and/or (3) effect of presence of fibers. Since microscale fluid effects are not accounted for in traditional reaction engineering formulations, more rigorous approaches to the fluid flow, gaseous diffusion and surface reaction behaviors for a ZnO-based H2S sorbent have been undertaken using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulation results have been compared with carefully prepared experimental samples of microfibrous materials. The experiments involved 14 wt.% ZnO/SiO2 at an operating temperature of 400 °C and a challenge gas consisting of 0.5 vol. % of H2S in H2 and were used to validate the CFD models (both geometric and species transport). These results show that CFD predictions of chemical conversion of H2S are within 10–15% of the experimentally measured values. The effects of residence time and dilution with void on the chemical conversion have been studied. Different microfibrous materials were modeled to study the effect of fiber diameter and fiber loading on the chemical conversion and pressure drop. It is observed that the dilution with void has a negative effect on the conversion; however, the addition of fibers not only compensated for the negative effect of dilution but also increased the reaction rate. The main goal of this study is to use CFD as a tool to design new materials with enhanced reactivity and reduced pressure drop. Our work suggests that new materials with enhanced chemical reactivity for a given pressure drop should be designed with fewer, larger diameter fibers. Our results show that the logs of reduction of H2S per pressure drop increased by a factor of six for the material with 8 μm diameter fibers with 3% volume fraction relative to a packed bed with same catalyst loading.
Membrane Protrusion Coarsening and Nanotubulation within Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (2011)

Hydrophobic side groups on a stimuli-responsive polymer, encapsulated within a single giant unilamellar vesicle, enable membrane attachment during compartment formation at elevated temperatures. We thermally modulated the vesicle through implementation of an IR laser via an optical fiber, enabling localized directed heating. Polymer-membrane interactions were monitored using confocal imaging techniques as subsequent membrane protrusions occurred and lipid nanotubes formed in response to the polymer hydrogel contraction. These nanotubes, bridging the vesicle membrane to the contracting hydrogel, were retained on the surface of the polymer compartment, where they were transformed into smaller vesicles in a process reminiscent of cellular endocytosis. This development of a synthetic vesicle system containing a stimuli-responsive polymer could lead to a new platform for studying inter/intramembrane transport through lipid nanotubes.
SCREAM (2015)

Software-defined networks can enable a variety of concurrent, dynamically instantiated, measurement tasks, that provide fine-grain visibility into network traffic. Recently, there have been many proposals for using sketches for network measurement. However, sketches in hardware switches use constrained resources such as SRAM memory, and the accuracy of measurement tasks is a function of the resources devoted to them on each switch. This paper presents SCREAM, a system for allocating resources to sketch-based measurement tasks that ensures a user-specified minimum accuracy. SCREAM estimates the instantaneous accuracy of tasks so as to dynamically adapt the allocated resources for each task. Thus, by finding the right amount of resources for each task on each switch and correctly merging sketches at the controller, SCREAM can multiplex resources among network-wide measurement tasks. Simulations with three measurement tasks (heavy hitter, hierarchical heavy hitter, and super source/destination detection) show that SCREAM can support more measurement tasks with higher accuracy than existing approaches.
Decipher the complexity of cis-regulatory regions by a modified Cas9 (2020)

By applying our combined experimental and modelling approach we can show that interactions occur within the selected sequences of the proximal renin promoter region. This combined approach might potentially be useful to investigate other genomic regions. Our findings may help to better understand the transcriptional regulation of human renin.
Immunomodulatory activities of extracellular metallothionein. II. effects on macrophage functions (1995)

Metallothionein (MT) is a thiol-rich protein that is rapidly induced by exposure to heavy metal cations. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous MT stimulates murine splenocytes to proliferate, but inhibits humoral responses to antigen. These observations suggest that metallothionein released from cells has a complex role in heavy metal-mediated immune dysfunction. Here we examine one possible mechanism by which MT mediates suppression of humoral immunity. Exposure of macrophages to 20 microM MT did not affect their ability to engulf opsonized sheep erythrocytes, but in the presence of 20 microM MT, peritoneal macrophages were stimulated to produce increased levels of oxygen radicals. These results correlated with observations that while macrophage phagocytosis of opsonized Candida albicans was unaltered by the presence of exogenous MT, killing of the engulfed yeast cells was dramatically enhanced by 20 microM MT. Amounts of free cadmium and zinc equimolar to that added as Zn,Cd-MT had no effect on candidacidal activity. MT was also found to significantly decrease lymphocyte proliferation mediated by macrophage activity. Biotinylated MT (MT-b) bound specifically to the plasma membranes of these macrophages, suggesting that membrane-associated molecules of the macrophage may transduce a signal mediated by MT binding. These results demonstrate that macrophages are a sensitive target for MT-mediated immunomodulation and that some of the consequences of the MT interaction with macrophages may be alterations in the capacity to produce an effective immune response and increased extracellular exposure to damaging free radicals.