gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skin-restricted commensal colonization accelerates skin graft rejection (2019)

Solid organ transplantation can treat end-stage organ failure, but the half-life of transplanted organs colonized with commensals is much shorter than that of sterile organs. Whether organ colonization plays a role in this shorter half-life is not known. We have previously shown that an intact whole-body microbiota can accelerate the kinetics of solid organ allograft rejection in untreated colonized mice when compared to germ-free (GF) or to antibiotic-pre-treated colonized mice, by enhancing the capacity of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to activate graft-reactive T cells. However, the contribution of intestinal versus skin microbiota to these effects was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that colonizing the skin of GF mice with a single commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epi), while preventing intestinal colonization with oral vancomycin, was sufficient to accelerate skin graft rejection. Notably, unlike the mechanism by which whole-body microbiota accelerates skin graft rejection, cutaneous S. epi did not enhance the priming of alloreactive T cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs). Rather, cutaneous S. epi augmented the ability of skin APCs to drive the differentiation of alloreactive T cells. This study reveals that the extra-intestinal donor microbiota can affect transplant outcome and may contribute to the shorter half-life of colonized organs.
Adaptive control of slider-crank mechanism motion: simulations and experiments (1997)

Abstract The dynamic motion of an adaptive controlled slider-crank mechanism, which is driven by a permanent magnet ( PM) synchronous servo-motor, is studied. First, the mathematical model of the motor-mechanism coupling system is developed, where Hamilton's principle and the Lagrange multiplier method are applied to formulate the equation of motion. Then, by using the stability analysis with inertia-related Lyapunov function, an adaptive controller for the motor-mechanism coupling system is obtained. Simulation and experimental results show that the dynamic behaviours of the proposed controller-motor-mechanism system are robust with regard to parametric variations and external disturbances.
Power transformer tank rupture: Risk assessment and mitigation. Final report (1995)

This report investigates the rupture characteristics of power transformer tanks and provides recommendations and guidelines to designers and manufacturers for the mitigation of tank ruptures. A critical literature review of rupture studies and analyses is reported, followed by a case history study of recorded failures. Cases of most direct interest to this study are examined in detail, including field observations and site data. A theoretical study is performed to quantify the relationship between arc energy and generated forces acting on the tank walls. Detailed structural analysis of the tank response to these forces, including evaluation of the plasticity effects, is performed using the finite element analysis method. The validity of the analytical model is confirmed by a satisfactory comparison against the observed failure data. The verified analytical model is used as a basis for the development of design guidelines and design modifications. Several methods to increase the tank structural strength at the identified weak points are recommended along with Innovative concepts to increase the tank flexibility. Several analytical codes were developed in the course of this study; a step-by-step design procedure outlining the use of these codes is provided here.
Development of a Cell-Selective and Intrinsically Active Multikinase Inhibitor Bioconjugate (2011)

Multikinase inhibitors are potent anticancer drugs that simultaneously intervene in multiple related signaling cascades, thus being capable of blocking salvage pathways that may play a role in the development of drug resistance. Multikinase inhibitors are increasingly evaluated for indications other than cancer, but long-term safety risks dictated by off-organ toxicities of these agents may prevent their safe and effective use. Here, we describe a new approach in which platinum coordination chemistry is applied for the development of a cell-selective multikinase inhibitor bioconjugate. The platinum(II) kinase inhibitor bioconjugate was designed to be active with the linker attached to the inhibitor and displayed improved activity by enhanced cell specificity as well as enhanced intracellular retention, thereby prolonging its pharmacological activity. In addition, the utilized platinum-based linkage technology potentiated the inhibitory activity of the multikinase inhibitor. These features in combination with carrier-mediated uptake in the target cells may revolutionize dosing regimens and safety profiles of (multi)kinase inhibitors.
Bioaffinity-based separation processes. Part I: Analytical simulation and parametric sensitivity studies. (1986)

An analytical model is presented for describing the performance of bioaffinity chromatography (BAC) systems. This model combines the plate theory of chromatographic processes, and the statistical approach for their accounting. Using numerical simulation, it has been applied to assess the sensitivity of BAC processes to the operational parameters involved. The combined model provides a simple yet efficient tool for the design and construction of BAC systems. The results obtained also suggest a noval approach for improving the separation of complex, multiligate mixtures. This approach involves a chromatographic system built to contain a ligand concentration gradient, and it can be conveniently implemented by using a series of columns of increasing ligand concentration.
Quantitative stereological analysis of the pore-size distribution in a colloidal silica sol-gel (1990)

The pore size distribution of an unsintered colloidal gel has been determined by stereological analysis of ultramicrotomed thin sections (70 nm) of the gel. This is a novel use of the ultramicrotomy technique as the epoxy represents the porous phase of the microstructure rather than just the medium used to maintain a coherent structure during thinning. In order to obtain statistically significant pore size information a nested sampling scheme was carried out, and a total of 36 two-dimensional fields taken at 19,000 X were examined. Pore diameters were measured with a digital image analyzer which measured 15 projected diameters every 12° from the center of the feature. Stereological quantities obtained were average pore diameter (D avg ), number of pores per unit area (N A ), and number of pores per unit volume (N V ).
Privacy-Preserving Inductive Learning with Decision Trees (2017)

With the continued explosion of digitized data, data mining and data collection have become more prevalent. With this growth, we have also seen increased concern over data privacy and intellectual property. Within this environment, an important question has emerged: Can machine learning and data mining techniques be leveraged without compromising privacy? This paper revisits the concepts and techniques of privacy-preserving decision tree learning, a fundamental model of inductive learning. We first examine different privacy risks during decision tree based inductive learning processes, including the sensitivity of private input data and potential privacy risks induced by inference over both the learning output and the intermediate results of inductive learning iterations. We then review and compare the privacy notions and properties of three orthogonal and yet complimentary technical frameworks: randomization-based data obfuscation, differential privacy, and secure multiparty computation. We analyze their effectiveness and review representative approaches in each of these three frameworks. Finally, we highlight some of the open challenges to privacy-preserving solutions for decision tree learning.
Molecular Imaging in Multiple Myeloma—Novel PET Radiotracers Improve Patient Management and Guide Therapy (2022)

Due to its proven value in imaging of multiple myeloma (MM), including staging, prognostication, and assessment of therapy response, 2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is utilized extensively in the clinic. However, its accuracy is hampered by imperfect sensitivity (e.g., so-called FDG-negative MM) as well as specificity (e.g., inflammatory processes), with common pitfalls including fractures and degenerative changes. Novel approaches providing a read-out of increased protein or lipid membrane syntheses, such as [<sup>11</sup>C]methionine and [<sup>11</sup>C]choline or the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4-targeting radiotracer [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Pentixafor, have already been shown to be suitable adjuncts or alternatives to FDG. In the present focused review, those imaging agents along with their theranostic potential in the context of MM are highlighted.
Molecular-Scale Tailoring of Graphene Surface Chemistry via Organic Functionalization (2011)

Graphene has emerged as one of the leading materials in condensed matter physics due to its superlative electrical and mechanical properties. With an eye towards expanding its functionality and applications, this paper highlights efforts to tailor the surface chemistry of graphene via organic functionalization. At the molecular scale, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is employed to characterize and nanopattern organically modified graphene. For example, a suite of perylene-based molecules form highly ordered self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on graphene via gas-phase deposition in UHV. Due to their noncovalent bonding, these SAMs preserve the superlative electronic properties of the underlying graphene while providing uniform and tailorable chemical functionality. Alternatively, via aryl diazaonium chemistry, functional polymers are covalently grafted to graphene. In addition to presenting opportunities for graphene-based chemical and biological sensing, covalent grafting allows local tuning of the electronic properties of the underlying graphene.
Fast scanning calorimetry study of Al alloy powder for understanding microstructural development in laser powder bed fusion (2022)

We examined the variation in the solidification microstructure of AlSi10Mg alloy powder over a wide range of cooling rates controlled by using the fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) technique. Two exothermic peaks derived from the primary solidification of the α-Al phases and the α-Al/Si eutectic reaction were detected. These exothermic peaks became broader and shifted to lower temperatures at higher cooling rates. Focus ion beam (FIB) milling enables microstructural characterization of AlSi10Mg powder solidified at controlled cooling rates above 102 °C·s−1 in the FSC equipment. The sample solidified at 4 × 104 °C·s−1 exhibited a fine microstructure consisting of a primary α-Al phase surrounded by lamellar-shaped Si phases. The fraction of the Si phase continuously decreased with increasing cooling rate, indicating higher content of solute Si element in the α-Al phase solidified at a higher cooling rate. The secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ) of the primary α-Al phase decreased in the sample solidified at a higher cooling rate (dT/dt). The relation follows a general equation of λ = A (dT/dt)-n (A: 38.4, n: 0.33) in wide range of cooling rate (10-1 ∼ 104 °C·s−1). The results were utilized to discuss the cooling rate of Al alloys during the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process.
Cyber Security of DC Fast Charging: Potential Impacts to the Electric Grid (2023)

Relevance of Cyber Security for High Power EV Charging Public Safety ? High voltage & high current charging infrastructure? Potential wide spread grid impact ? Intermittent high load:? Wide range of power (up to 350+ kW)? Short duration charge events? Increasing deployment of fast chargers to meet needs of increasing EV market adoption? ? Consumer confidence in charging infrastructure? Reliability and robustness required to reduce range anxiety
Gate Dielectric Chemical Structure−Organic Field-Effect Transistor Performance Correlations for Electron, Hole, and Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors (2006)

This study describes a general approach for probing semiconductor-dielectric interfacial chemistry effects on organic field-effect transistor performance parameters using bilayer gate dielectrics. Organic semiconductors exhibiting p-/n-type or ambipolar majority charge transport are grown on six different bilayer dielectric structures consisting of various spin-coated polymers/HMDS on 300 nm SiO(2)/p(+)-Si, and are characterized by AFM, SEM, and WAXRD, followed by transistor electrical characterization. In the case of air-sensitive (generally high LUMO energy) n-type semiconductors, dielectric surface modifications induce large variations in the corresponding OTFT performance parameters although the film morphologies and microstructures remain similar. In marked contrast, the device performance of air-stable n-type and p-type semiconductors is not significantly affected by the same dielectric surface modifications. Among the bilayer dielectric structures examined, nonpolar polystyrene coatings on SiO(2) having minimal gate leakage and surface roughness significantly enhance the mobilities of overlying air-sensitive n-type semiconductors to as high as approximately 2 cm(2)/(V s) for alpha,omega-diperfluorohexylcarbonylquaterthiophene polystyrene/SiO(2). Electron trapping due to silanol and carbonyl functionalities at the semiconductor-dielectric interface is identified as the principal origin of the mobility sensitivity to the various surface chemistries in the case of n-type semiconductors having high LUMO energies. Thiophene-based n-type semiconductors exhibiting similar film morphologies and microstructures on various bilayer gate dielectrics therefore provide an incisive means to probe TFT performance parameters versus semiconductor-dielectric interface relationships.
Dietary influences on the expression of swine dysentary (1997)

Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis resulting from infection with the anaerobic spirochaete Serpulina hyodysenteriae. Interactions with other components of the large intestinal microflora enhance colonisation by the spirochaete. In a series of experiments we have demonstrated that pigs fed on a low-fibre diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein completely resisted experimental infection. Addition of soluble fibre (guar gum) but not insoluble fibre (oaten chaff) to the rice diet then allowed colonisation by the spirochaetes, and the development of SD. Examination of other cereal grains and processing methods identified steam-flaked maize and sorghum as ingredients that also reduce susceptibility of pigs to SD. Protective diets are associated with reduced fermentation in the large intestine: this finding offers a new approach to the control of SD.
Effect of Syngas (H<sub>2</sub>/CO) on SI Engine Knock under Boosted EGR and Lean Conditions (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Syngas (synthesis gas) aided combustion from various fuel reforming strategies is of increasing interest in boosted lean burn SI engines due to its impact on dilution tolerance and knock resistance. Due to the interest in reformed fuels, more concrete understanding of how to leverage syngas supplementation under various lean conditions is essential to optimize engine performance and derive the most benefit from the availability of syngas in the combustion process. While the impact of syngas supplementation on combustion stability has been studied adequately, detailed understanding of the impact of syngas on knocking is still limited. Hence, this study investigates the effect of syngas (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/CO) addition on knock tendency under boosted EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and air diluted conditions. Syngas amount is controlled on an energy basis from 0% to 15% to compare the difference between EGR and air dilution. At first, several knock quantification methods are compared, and a suitable knock index and guideline are selected. Knocking tendencies with respect to the frequency, combustion phasing, and burn duration are analyzed based on observed engine knock. Also, the thermal efficiency and emissions difference are discussed as well. The results show that with increasing the syngas supplementation ratio, knocking is strongly suppressed, and the effect is more beneficial with EGR dilution than with air dilution.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Up to 100% Improvement in Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid‐State NMR Sensitivity Enhancement of Polymers by Removing Oxygen (2015)

High-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has emerged as a powerful technique for improving the sensitivity of solid-state NMR (SSNMR), yielding significant sensitivity enhancements for a variety of samples, including polymers. Overall, depending upon the type of polymer, the molecular weight, and the DNP sample preparation method, sensitivity enhancements between 5 and 40 have been reported. These promising enhancements remain, however, far from the theoretical maximum (>1000). Crucial to the success of DNP SSNMR is the DNP signal enhancement (εDNP ), which is the ratio of the NMR signal intensities with and without DNP. It is shown here that, for polymers exhibiting high affinity toward molecular oxygen (e.g., polystyrene), removing part of the absorbed (paramagnetic) oxygen from the solid-state samples available as powders (instead of dissolved or dispersed in a solvent) increases proton nuclear relaxation times and εDNP, hereby providing up to a two-fold sensitivity increase (i.e., a four-fold reduction in experimental time).
Spherical Coverage Characterization of 5G Millimeter Wave User Equipment With 3GPP Specifications (2018)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands are promising candidate spectrum for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system, but it requires high directional antenna systems to be applied to the base station and the user equipment (UE) for compensating the high path loss. Due to the randomness of mobile wireless channels, antenna systems in a mobile UE must own a large spherical coverage, which raises new challenges for the performance characterization of 5G mmWave UEs. In the latest specification of the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the requirement on UE’s spherical coverage in mmWave frequencies is defined, which is evaluated with the cumulative distribution function of the effective isotropic radiated power. In this paper, the spherical coverage of mmWave UEs is characterized based on the specification of 3GPP, where the impact of device integration, antenna topologies, and user body blockage on the spherical coverage of UE will be analyzed with simulation and measurement results.
Design and Implementation of a High Accuracy Interpolation Encoder IC for Magnetic Sensor (2019)

Abstract The magnetic encoder (ME) always employs sensor passing through periodic and equal distance grating and then generates periodic quadrature scaling signals for displacement measurement. The phase is relative to the movement. To improve encoder accuracy or resolution, electronic interpolation technique had been developed to subdivide the phase of quadrature scaling signals. According to the trends, this paper proposed a specific method with excellent noise immunity characteristic and a complete calibration process to improve the accuracy of the system. The designed circuit is taped-out using TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process, where the active area is 1643 μm × 1676 μm. The chip has the specification of 3.3 V supply voltage, 20 MHz clock frequency, and 0.0859 mW power consumption. The accuracy of the measurement system is 1.065um.
Technique for aerosol flow check in differential mobility analyzer and its imfluence on classification performance. (1997)

The flow pattern of aerosol and sheath air in a cylindrical annulus of a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) is critical to determine the classification performance of the DMA. In the present work, a new technique to check aerosol flow inside the DMA is proposed and the influences of aerosol flow distortion and broadening on the classification performance are investigated by means of the Tandem DMA method. As a result, it is found that (1) the annular flow inside the studied DMA is a fully developed laminar flow with a negligible mixing between aerosol and sheath air when the aerosol flow rate is less than 3 l/min and the sheath air flow rate is 17.5 l/min, (2) a larger width of aerosol entrance slit causes uneven distribution of aerosol flow in the circumferential direction, and (3) both the uneven distribution and broadening of the aerosol flow lead to a broader band of classified particle electrical mobility, as well as a shift of peak electrical mobility to a smaller range. These results suggest that aerosol flow inside a short-type DMA is more sensitive to the flow rates and its structure compared to the conventional TSI type DMA.
Cerebrospinal fluid microglia and neurodegenerative markers in twins concordant and discordant for psychotic disorders (2016)

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are debilitating psychiatric disorders with partially shared symptomatology including psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment. Aberrant levels of microglia and neurodegenerative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers have previously been found in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to analyze familial and environmental influences on these CSF markers and their relation to psychiatric symptoms and cognitive ability. CSF was collected from 17 complete twin pairs, nine monozygotic and eight dizygotic, and from one twin sibling. Two pairs were concordant for schizophrenia, and 11 pairs discordant for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder, and four pairs were not affected by psychotic disorders. Markers of microglia activation [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14)], markers of β-amyloid metabolism (AβX-38, AβX-40, AβX-42 and Aβ1-42), soluble amyloid precursor proteins (sAPP-α and sAPP-β), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and CSF/serum albumin ratio were measured in CSF using immunoassays. Heritability of the CSF markers was estimated, and associations to psychiatric and cognitive measurements were analyzed. Heritability estimates of the microglia markers were moderate, whereas several neurodegenerative markers showed high heritability. In contrast, AβX-42, Aβ1-42, P-tau and CSF/serum albumin ratio were influenced by dominant genetic variation. Higher sCD14 levels were found in twins with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to their not affected co-twins, and higher sCD14-levels were associated with psychotic symptoms. The study provides support for a significant role of sCD14 in psychotic disorders and a possible role of microglia activation in psychosis.