gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directing the far-from-equilibrium assembly of nanoparticles in confined liquid crystals by hydrodynamic fields (2021)

The assembly of nematic colloids relies on long-range elastic interactions that can be manipulated through external stimuli. Confinement and the presence of a hydrodynamic field alter the defect structures and the energetic interactions between the particles. In this work, the assembly landscape of nanoparticles embedded in a nematic liquid crystal confined in a nanochannel under a pressure-driven flow is determined. The dynamics of the liquid crystal tensor alignment field is determined through a Poisson-Bracket framework, namely the Stark-Lubensky equations, coupled with the zero-Reynolds momentum equations and the liquid crystal Landau-de Gennes free energy functional. A second order semi-implicit time integration and a three-dimensional Galerkin finite element method are used to resolve flow and nematic fields under several conditions. In general, the zero Reynolds flow displaces the defects around the particles in the upstream direction and renders the surface anchoring ineffective when the flow strength dominates over the nematic elasticity. More importantly, the potential of mean force for particle assembly is non-monotonic independent of surface anchoring. Our results show that the confinement length scale determines the repulsion/attraction transition between colloids, while the flow strength modifies the static defect structure surrounding the particles and determines the magnitude of the energetic barrier for successful assembly. In the attractive regime, the particles move at different rates through the nematic until one particle eventually catches up with the other. This process occurs against or along the direction of flow depending on the flow strength. Ultimately, these results provide a template for engineering and controlling the transport and assembly of nanoparticles under far-from equilibrium conditions in anisotropic media.
Mechanism‐Based Fluorescent Reporter for Protein Kinase A Detection (2005)

A novel mechanism-based fluorescent reporter was designed for the detection of protein kinase A (PKA), which is known to mediate a variety of cellular responses in most eukaryotic cells. The probe consists of a specific binding peptide sequence, LRRRRFAFC, conjugated with 2'-thioethyl-5-(or -6)-carboxyfluoresceinamide (FAMS; 2) and 5-(or 6-)carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) at the cysteine and leucine residues, respectively. In the absence of PKA, the two fluorophores associate by hydrophobic interactions, forming an intramolecular ground-state dimer; this results in fluorescein quenching (>93 %). Upon PKA addition, the reporter reacts with the sulfhydryl functionality at Cys199 through a disulfide-exchange mechanism. FAMS is subsequently released, resulting in significant fluorescence amplification. The remaining peptide sequence, which acts as an inhibitor, is attached covalently to the enzyme. Our results suggest that this type of sensors could have far-reaching applications in the molecular sensing of enzymes.
ENABLING ELECTRIFIED DIESEL ENGINE-POWERED AND VEHICLE-SUPPORTED MICROGRIDS (2016)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;A sudden increase in microgrid electrical power consumption requires the fast supply of energy from different generating sources to guarantee microgrid voltage stability. This paper presents the results of simulations investigating the integration of an electric supercharger into a Heavy Duty Diesel (HDD) genset connected to a microgrid for reducing engine speed droop in response to an abrupt power demand requested from the grid. First, a mean value model for the 13 L HDD engine is used to study the response of the baseline turbocharged engine during a fast load increase at low engine speed. The limited air mass in the cylinder during the transient results in engine lugging and ultimately engine stall. Then, an electrical supercharger is integrated before the turbocharger compressor to increase the engine air charge. During steady state operation, the simulation results indicate that the supercharger is able to increase the air-charge by approximately 50% over the lower half of the engine map, which is the key area of interest for load acceptance as it restricts the HDD response during fast power requests. Then, the supercharged engine is tested with abrupt power disturbances applied at engine idle. The results show the ability of the supercharger to mitigate engine speed droop, reducing it from 180 RPM to less than 30 RPM. Strategies are also shown where the supercharger can increase the engine’s load acceptance ability without increasing fuel consumption compared to strategies such as increased engine idle speed.&lt;/p&gt;
Detecting Stuffing of a User’s Credentials at Her Own Accounts (2020)

We propose a framework by which websites can coordinate to detect credential stuffing on individual user accounts. Our detection algorithm teases apart normal login behavior (involving password reuse, entering correct passwords into the wrong sites, etc.) from credential stuffing, by leveraging modern anomaly detection and carefully tracking suspicious logins. Websites coordinate using a novel private membership-test protocol, thereby ensuring that information about passwords is not leaked; this protocol is highly scalable, partly due to its use of cuckoo filters, and is more secure than similarly scalable alternatives in an important measure that we define. We use probabilistic model checking to estimate our credential-stuffing detection accuracy across a range of operating points. These methods might be of independent interest for their novel application of formal methods to estimate the usability impacts of our design. We show that even a minimal-infrastructure deployment of our framework should already support the combined login load experienced by the airline, hotel, retail, and consumer banking industries in the U.S.
Evaluation of a National Quality Improvement Collaborative for Improving Cancer Screening (2022)

In this QI study, participation in a national Return-to-Screening collaborative with a multifaceted QI intervention was associated with improvements in cancer screening. Future collaborative QI endeavors leveraging accreditation infrastructure may help address other gaps in cancer care.
Cloning and Sequencing of Trehalose Biosynthesis Genes fromRhizobiumsp. M-ll (1996)

The two genes encoding maltooligosyl trehalose synthase and maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase, which are related to biosynthesis of alpha, alpha-trehalose, were cloned from Rhizobium sp. M-11. Sequence analysis showed that the synthase gene composed of 2316 bp was connected with the hydrolase gene of 1788 bp by an overlap of one nucleotide. The deduced amino acid sequences of both enzymes have several regions common to amylolytic enzymes belonging to an "alpha-amylase family".
A scalable performance prediction heuristic for implementation planning on heterogeneous systems (2010)

Despite speedups of 10x to 1000x, effective usage of multi-core and heterogeneous systems has largely been limited to experts due to increased application design complexity resulting from the requirement for significantly different algorithms for different device types and amounts. Compiler and high-level synthesis research has attempted to address this problem but is fundamentally limited to the algorithm specified by the high-level code. Thus, future compilers will need to choose from numerous implementations/algorithms for a given function when optimizing for a multi-core heterogeneous system. This emerging problem, which we refer to as the implementation planning problem, requires compilers and similar tools to rapidly determine performance of a particular implementation on different devices for all possible input parameters. To help solve the implementation planning problem, we introduce a heuristic that repeatedly selects statistically significant input values, measures actual execution time, and then statistically analyzes the results to predict the execution time for all inputs within requested accuracy and confidence levels. We evaluated the heuristic using twelve examples on three different platforms with up to 16 microprocessor cores and a field-programmable gate array, achieving an average prediction error of 6.2% and a root-mean-squared error of 7.4%, which required an average of only 463 samples and 51 seconds to complete.
Crystallographic site discrimination in aluminophosphate molecular sieves by solid-state NMR: influence of the field-dependent isotropic second-order quadrupolar shift on high-resolution aluminum-27 DOR NMR (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallographic site discrimination in aluminophosphate molecular sieves by solid-state NMR: influence of the field-dependent isotropic second-order quadrupolar shift on high-resolution aluminum-27 DOR NMRP. J. Grobet, A. Samoson, H. Geerts, J. A. Martens, and P. A. JacobsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 24, 9620–9622Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100177a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100177a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage (2018)

Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin's natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
Contribution of alloy clustering to limiting the two-dimensional electron gas mobility in AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN heterostructures: Theory and experiment (2014)

The influence of alloy clustering on fluctuations in the ground state energy of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN heterostructures is studied. We show that because of these fluctuations, alloy clustering degrades the mobility even when the 2DEG wavefunction does not penetrate the alloy barrier unlike alloy disorder scattering. A comparison between the results obtained for AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN heterostructures shows that alloy clustering limits the 2DEG mobility to a greater degree in InAlN/GaN heterostructures. Our study also reveals that the inclusion of an AlN interlayer increases the limiting mobility from alloy clustering. Moreover, Atom probe tomography is used to demonstrate the random nature of the fluctuations in the alloy composition.
Single-ion cyclotron resonance measurement ofM(CO+)/M(N2+) (1989)

We have trapped single molecular ions in a precision Penning trap and, using cyclotron resonance techniques, have measured the mass ratio M(${\mathrm{CO}}^{+}$)/M(${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$) to be 0.999 598 8876(4). Accuracy is limited at 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ predominantly by temporal instability in the magnetic field. All other systematic sources of error are \ensuremath{\Delta}M/M\ensuremath{\lesssim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$. .AE
rf mode switching in a relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (2010)

The relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (RMDO) has demonstrated nearly 70% efficiency in recent simulations. This letter reports a rapid mode switching technique in the RMDO using a low power, short-pulse, external single frequency signal. The MAGIC electromagnetic finite-difference-time-domain particle-in-cell code used in simulations demonstrated that an input signal of 300 kW is sufficient to switch neighboring modes in a gigawatt output power A6 RMDO with a transparent cathode, whereas for the original A6 magnetron configuration with radial extraction driven by a transparent cathode 30 MW is required. This frequency agility adds additional versatility to this high power microwave source.
Label-free detection of low-molecular-weight samples using a terahertz chemical microscope (2016)

Abstract A terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) has been proposed and developed to visualize the distribution of biomolecular interactions on a sensing plate without any labels. In this study, the concanavalin A (Con A)– d -(+)-mannose (mannose) interaction was detected using the TCM with mannose applied as the analyte and Con A immobilized on the sensing plate. To demonstrate this interaction, the amplitude of terahertz pulses as a function of Con A–mannose interaction time, as well as the Con A–mannose coupling concentration, was evaluated. The results suggest that coupling kinetics may be evaluated using a TCM.
Synthesis and Miscibility of Comb Poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s Prepared by ATRP (2001)

Comb poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 11-[(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl] acrylate from a multifunctional macroinitiator. The macroinitiator was prepared by first copolymerizing 2-[(2‘-tetrahydropyranyl)oxy]ethyl acrylate (r1 = 0.88) with 11-[(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl] acrylate (r2 = 1.11) under ATRP conditions, followed by hydrolysis of the randomly distributed tetrahydropyranyl groups and conversion of the resulting hydroxyethyl acrylate groups to 2-(2‘-bromopropanoate)ethyl acrylate initiating sites. The comb polymers contained 45−128 repeat units according to GPC measurements relative to linear polystyrene or 52−237 repeat units according to GPC−RI−viscometry−right angle laser light scattering measurements. The biphasic regions of the smectic A to isotropic transition of the comb polymers with pdi = 1.27−1.87 are extremely narrow, with full widths at half of the maximum peak intensity (fwhm) = 2.38−8.28 °C, in contrast to that of the corresponding polymer prepared by conventional radical polymerization (fwhm = 17 °C). The breadth of the biphasic region of binary blends of the comb polymers with poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s of a variety of architectures (linear, three-arm star, comb) increases linearly with the difference in the end group (and therefore branching) density of the two components, regardless of the combination of molecular architectures.
<title>Piezoelectric hydraulic pump performance</title> (2001)

A piezohydraulic pump making use of the step and repeat capability of piezoelectric actuators has been developed for actuation of aircraft control surfaces. The piezohydraulic pump utilizes a piezoelectric stack actuator to drive a piston in a cylinder. The cylinder is fitted with two check valves. On the compression stroke, oil is forced out of the cylinder. On the intake stroke, oil is drawn into the cylinder. The oil is used to drive a linear actuator. The actuator was driven at 7cm/sec with a 271N (61lb) blocking force. To achieve this, the piezoelectric stack actuator was driven at 60Hz with a switching power supply. The system utilizes an accumulator to eliminate cavitation. This work discusses piezohydraulic pumping theory, pump design, and pump performance. Consideration of pump performance includes the effects of varying accumulator pressure, hydraulic oil viscosity, and load imposed on the linear actuator.
Intracellular Calcium Dynamics During Photolysis (1998)

The objective of this investigation was to gain a deeper understanding of the intracellular events that precede photolysis of cells. A model system, consisting of malignant melanoma cells pretreated with the calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, Fluo-3, was used to examine the intracellular calcium dynamics in single-cell photolysis experiments. Exposure of the cells to 632 nm laser light in the presence of photosensitizer, tin chlorin e6, resulted in a rise in intracellular calcium. The increase in intracellular calcium was blocked using a variety of calcium channel blocking agents, including verapamil, nifedipine, and nickel. Treatment with the channel blockers was also effective in either decreasing or eliminating cell death despite the presence of lethal doses of photosensitizer and irradiation. These results show that intracellular calcium rises prior to plasma membrane lysis, and that this early rise in intracellular calcium is necessary for membrane rupture.
LARS - An Absolute Reference Spectrograph for solar observations, Upgrade from a prototype to a turn-key system (2017)

LARS is an Absolute Reference Spectrograph designed for ultra-precise solar observations. The high-resolution echelle spectrograph of the Vacuum Tower Telescope is supported by a state-of-the-art laser frequency comb to calibrate the solar spectrum on an absolute wavelength scale. In this article, we describe the scientific instrument and focus on the upgrades in the last two years to turn the prototype into a turn-key system. The pursued goal was to improve the short-term and long-term stability of the systems, and enable a user-friendly and more versatile operation of the instrument. The first upgrade involved the modernization of the frequency comb. The Fabry-Perot cavities were adjusted to filter to a repetition frequency of 8GHz. A technologically matured photonic crystal fiber was implemented for spectral broadening. The second, quite recent upgrade was performed on the optics feeding the sunlight into a single-mode fiber connected to the spectrograph. A motorized translation stage was deployed to allow the automated selection of three different fields-of-view with diameters of 1", 3", and 10" for the analysis of the solar spectrum. The successful upgrades allow for long-term observations of up to several hours per day with a stable spectral accuracy of 1 m/s limited by the spectrograph. Stable, user-friendly operation of the instrument is supported. The selection of the pre-aligned fiber to change the field of view can now be done within seconds. LARS offers the possibility to observe absolute wavelength positions of spectral lines and Doppler velocities in the solar atmosphere. First results demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument for solar science. The accurate measurement of the solar convection, p-modes, and atmospheric waves will enhance our knowledge of the solar atmosphere and its physical conditions to improve current atmospheric models.
Chemical Conversions of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals over Copper–Silica Nanocomposite Catalysts (2015)

Biomass and biomass-derived carbohydrates have a high extent of functionality, unlike petroleum, which has limited functionality. In biorefinery applications, the development of methods to control the extent of functionality in final products intended for use as fuels and chemicals is a challenge. In the chemical industry, heterogeneous catalysis is an important tool for the defunctionalization of functionalized feedstocks and biomass-derived platform chemicals to produce value-added chemicals. Herein, we review the recent progress in this field, mainly of vapor phase chemical conversion of biomass-derived C4 -C6 carboxylic acids and esters using copper-silica nanocomposite catalysts. We also demonstrate that these nanocomposite catalysts very efficiently convert biomass-derived platform chemicals into cyclic compounds, such as lactones and hydrofurans, with high selectivities and yields.
The role of AsF5 in modifying the electrical properties of polyacetylene, (CH) x (1979)

In contrast to previous results we present evidence that AsF5 reacts with polyacetylene to oxidize the (CH)x chains, in analogy with other acceptors, and to form AsF6– anions, which intercalate between the polyolefinic cation chains.
Specific increase in T cell potency via structure-based design of a T cell receptor for adoptive immunotherapy (2014)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive immunotherapy with antigen-specific T lymphocytes is a powerful strategy for cancer treatment. However, most tumor antigens are non-reactive "self" proteins, which presents an immunotherapy design challenge. Studies have shown that tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs)
Influence of host species and habitat on the mosquito virome (2018)

The study of the viral diversity associated to mosquitoes has been mainly focused on viruses affecting human health. However, beyond human viral pathogens, a large diversity of viruses is linked to these insects. The study of this diversity has been largely facilitated with the advent of metagenomics. Consequently, the list of virus species known to be associated to mosquitoes, also known as the virome, has rapidly increased in recent years. Nevertheless, despite this wealth of new data, we are yet far from having identified the mechanisms structuring virome diversity. This knowledge is required to understand how virome diversity is shaped or which virome assemblies can influence the life cycle of mosquitoes and the human pathogens they transmit. Here, we have compared the virome of two mosquito species, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex poicilipes, two vectors of human viral pathogens like Rift Valley fever virus. Populations of the two mosquitoes living in sympatry in three habitats of Northern Senegal were collected along two consecutive years. The three habitats – a river valley, an area near a lake, and a semi-desert area with temporary ponds - differ in water availability and mosquito diversity. Our results show that the two mosquitoes harbored different viromes despite belonging to the same genus and sharing the same habitats. Moreover, habitat influenced virome diversity similarly to mosquito diversity, with lower virus diversity in the habitat with lower water availability. These data are a first step towards our understanding of the forces driving the virus diversity associated to mosquitoes.
Detection of antibody therapy-induced anti-tumor immune responses using anti-CD8 immuno-pet (2015)

Meeting abstracts Tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment have become important topics in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The ability to noninvasively monitor immune cells in vivo via surface markers on immune cell subsets using immuno-positron emission tomography (