gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency heating of painful annular disruptions (2005)

Although several studies have reported on outcomes following heating of annular tears with a thermoresistive catheter (SpineCATH), no data are available on the efficacy of thermal treatment with a flexible radiofrequency electrode (discTRODE). A prospective case-control study was conducted to determine the efficacy of radiofrequency heating of painful annular tears in the lumbar spine. After at least 6 months of conservative treatment, 46 patients were studied for the presence of single-level painful annular tears with magnetic resonance imaging and provocative discography. Thirty-one patients underwent heating of their annular tears with a flexible radiofrequency electrode placed across the posterior annulus. The remaining 15 patients, who mostly could not obtain funding for the procedure, continued with conservative management and acted as a control group. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Medication Quantification Score (MQS) were obtained before and at 3-monthly intervals after treatment. The VAS decreased significantly after the radiofrequency treatment, and this decrease persisted at 12 months of follow-up. The VAS did not change over 12 months in untreated control subjects. The decrease in VAS was significantly greater in the treated patients than the control subjects. The ODI also decreased in treated patients but not in control subjects. The MQS did not change in either group over the 12-month follow-up period. Radiofrequency heating of annular tears can lead to an improvement in the pain of internal disc disruption. The improvement gained by this treatment method is significantly better than that obtained from conservative management.
Invariant high resolution optical skin imaging (2007)

Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM) is a bio-medical low coherence interferometric imaging technique that has become a topic of active research because of its ability to provide accurate, non-invasive cross-sectional images of biological tissue with much greater resolution than the current common technique ultrasound. OCM is a derivative of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) that enables greater resolution imposed by the implementation of an optical confocal design involving high numerical aperture (NA) focusing in the sample. The primary setback of OCM, however is the depth dependence of the lateral resolution obtained that arises from the smaller depth of focus of the high NA beam. We propose to overcome this limitation using a dynamic focusing lens design that can achieve quasi-invariant lateral resolution up to 1.5mm depth of skin tissue.
The [4+2], not [2+2], Mechanism Occurs in the Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxygen Transfer Reaction of 2‐Alkynyl‐1,5‐Diketones (2010)

[2+2] or [4+2]? Mechanistic studies on the gold-catalyzed intramolecular oxygen transfer of 2-alkynyl-1,5-diketones were performed using isotopic experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The results demonstrate that the transformation follows a [4+2] pathway instead of the previously proposed [2+2] path (see scheme). Various substrates were employed in the reaction and the corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Accuracy of Bone Mineral Measurement (1964)

The use of nearly monochromatic radiation (l(125)) for the direct determination of bone mineral absorption in cadaver materials indicates that underlying bone components can be measured accurately on the flesh-covered forearm. The correlation of the bone mass, determined by this scanning technique, with actual bone weight is 0.96. The method is the most accurate yet demonstrated for bone with overlying tissue, and may prove suitable for these studies in vivo where it has not been possible to use previous roentgenologic techniques.
Precision LCVD System Design with Real Time Process Control (1999)

A Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD) system was designed using a fixed 100 Watt C02 laser focused on a moveable substrate. Temperature and height measurement devices monitor the reaction at the point of deposition to provide feedback for controlling the process. The LCVD system will use rapid prototyping technology to directly fabricate fully threedimensional ceramic, metallic, and composite parts of arbitrary shape. Potential applications include high temperature structures, electronic/photonic devices, and orthopaedic implants.
Deterioration Analysis in Cycling Test at High Temperature of 60°C for Li-Ion Cells Using SiO Anode (2014)

We carried out a deterioration analysis in Li-ion cells using SiO anode at high temperature, i.e., 60°C. The capacity retention at the upper cutoff voltage (UCV) of 4.0, 4.1, and 4.2 V after 400 cycles was about 80, 80, and 20%, respectively. The cell deterioration depended strongly on the upper cutoff voltage and proceeded drastically at 4.2 V. This was because the internal resistance of cell increased by the decomposition of the electrolytic solution during cycles. From depth profile of XPS on the anode, the thick layer containing Li and F has been formed only for UCV = 4.2 V, implying that the electrolyte of LiPF6 is enough to break down carbonate electrolyte at 60°C. Therefore, we found that the optimization of the threshold of UCV for high temperature need to attain the good cycle performance at high temperature in a Li-ion battery using a SiO anode.
Rayleigh scattering limitations in distributed Raman pre-amplifiers (1997)

Recent results demonstrated that the capacity of installed transmission systems can be upgraded by means of Raman gain with minor changes at the receiver terminal and, most importantly, no changes to the cable. Improvements in the power budget of 7.4 dB were achieved in transmission experiments showing a four-fold capacity increase by time-division multiplexing (TDM) or wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) up to an aggregate bit rate of 40 Gbit/s. As previously reported, the performance improvements that can be obtained depend on fiber characteristics such as the Raman gain coefficient, and the fiber loss at the pump and signal wavelengths. Here, we report on the limitations imposed by Rayleigh scattering in distributed Raman pre-amplifiers. Experimental as well as theoretical estimates of the maximum increase in power budget as a function of fiber parameters are presented.
Device aging: A reliability and security concern (2018)

Device aging is an important concern in nanoscale designs. Due to aging the electrical behavior of transistors embedded in an integrated circuit deviates from original intended one. This leads to performance degradation in the underlying device, and the ultimate device failure. This effect is exacerbated in emerging technologies. To be able to tailor effective aging mitigation schemes and improve the reliability of devices realized in cutting edge technologies, there is a need to accurately study the effect of aging in high performance industrial applications. According, this paper targets a high performance SRAM memory realized in 14nm FinFET technology and depicts how aging degrades the individual components of this memory as well as the interaction between them. Aging mitigation is critical not only from device reliability point of view but also regarding device security perspectives. It is essential to assure the security of the sensitive tasks performed by the security-sensitive circuits and to guarantee the security of information stored within these devices in the presence of aging. Accordingly in this paper, we also focus on aging-related security concerns and present the cases in which aging need to considered to preserve security.
13C‐NMR.‐Spectroscopy of the Trichothecane Derivatives Verrucarol, Verrucarins A and B and Roridins A, D and H Verrucarins and Roridins, 33rd Communication [1] (1975)

Abstract Partial decoupling experiments permitted assignment of carbon magnetic resonance spectra of verrucarins A ( 1 ) and B ( 4 ), of roridin A ( 2 ), D ( 5 ), and H ( 6 ), and of verrucarol (9). In this connection new verrucarol derivatives were prepared and are described.
Parallel Context Windows for Large Language Models (2022)

When applied to processing long text, Large Language Models (LLMs) are limited by their context window. Existing efforts to address this limitation involve training specialized architectures, and cannot be easily applied to off-the-shelf LLMs. We present Parallel Context Windows (PCW), a method that alleviates the context window restriction for any off-the-shelf LLM without further training. The key to the approach is to carve a long context into chunks (``windows''), restrict the attention mechanism to apply only within each window, and re-use the positional embeddings across the windows. Our main results test the PCW approach on in-context learning with models that range in size between 750 million and 178 billion parameters, and show substantial improvements for tasks with diverse input and output spaces. We show additional benefits in other settings where long context windows may be beneficial: multi-hop questions and retrieval-augmented question answering with multiple retrieved documents. Our results highlight Parallel Context Windows as a promising method for applying off-the-shelf LLMs in a range of settings that require long text sequences. We make our code publicly available at https://github.com/ai21labs/parallel-context-windows.
On the DoF of Parallel MISO BCs with Partial CSIT: Total Order and\n Separability (2017)

We study the degrees of freedom (DoF) of a $K$-user parallel MISO broadcast\nchannel with arbitrary levels of partial CSIT over each subchannel. We derive a\nsum-DoF upperbound which depends on the average CSIT quality of each user. This\nupperbound is shown to be tight under total order, i.e. when the order of users\nwith respect to their CSIT qualities is preserved over all subchannels. In this\ncase, it is shown that separate coding over each subchannel is optimum in a\nsum-DoF sense.\n
The chemistry of metallacyclic alkenylcarbene complexes, 3. CC bond formation with carbon nucleophiles. stereoselective dienylation of lithium enolates and cuprates and a novel cascade synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentenones from lithium acetylides (1996)

Abstract The cationic ferracyclic carbene complexes 1 react with carbon nucleophiles like lithium enolates and organocuprates to give the corresponding 4‐substituted 1, (3 E )‐diene tricarbonyl‐iron complexes 6 and 9 . The reaction is thought to proceed by initial attack on the allyl terminus and subsequent ferra Claisen‐Ireland rearrangement of the intermediate (η 2 alkene)carbene complex 4 . This rationale is supported by the isolation and characterisation of analogous aminooxocarbene derivatives 8 . With sterically demanding enolates products 6 are formed in diastereomeric ratios of up to 90:10, thus demonstrating the inductive power of the chiral metallacycle in 1 . Lithium acetylides as carbon nucleophiles react with 1 according to a novel cascade to give regio‐ and stereospecifically 2,5,5‐trisubstituted‐cyclopentenones 10 suggesting a concerted formation of four CC bonds together with a CO insertion and a formal carbene transfer step.
Defect Chemistry and Plasmon Physics of Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanocrystals (2014)

Plasmonic nanocrystals of highly doped metal oxides have seen rapid development in the past decade and represent a class of materials with unique optoelectronic properties. In this Perspective, we discuss doping mechanisms in metal oxides and the accompanying physics of free carrier scattering, both of which have implications in determining the properties of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in these nanocrystals. The balance between activation and compensation of dopants limits the free carrier concentration of the most common metal oxides, placing a ceiling on the LSPR frequency. Furthermore, because of ionized impurity scattering of the oscillating plasma by dopant ions, scattering must be treated in a fundamentally different way in semiconductor metal oxide materials when compared with conventional metals. Though these effects are well-understood in bulk metal oxides, further study is needed to understand their manifestation in nanocrystals and corresponding impact on plasmonic properties, and to develop materials that surpass current limitations in free carrier concentration.
Nature of the energy requirement for the irreversible adsorption of bacteriophages T1 and phi80 to Escherichia coli (1976)

The nature of the energy requirement for irreversible adsorption of phages T1 and phi80 was studied by using various specific energy inhibitors and mutants lacking either the Ca2+, Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase or the ability to produce cytochromes in the absence of added 5-aminolaevulinic acid. It was found that irreversible adsorption could be energized both through the electron transport chain and from adenosine 5'-triphosphate via the Ca2+, Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase, indicating the involvement of the energized membrane state. These results and the discovery that phages T1 and phi80 adsorb reversibly to the isolated tonA gene product are discussed in terms of the possible involvement of functions expressed by the tonB gene region in irreversible adsorption and the relationship to iron transport.
Ultrafast Demagnetization Probed at Elemental M-edges Using Tabletop High-Order Harmonic EUV Light (2009)

We use high EUV harmonics generated from tabletop laser to detect the ultrafast demagnetization at M-absorption edge of Fe and Ni. The magnetization is reduced by 60% during the first 250 fs after pump pulses.
Dilute solution properties of cationic poly(dimethyl sulfate quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (1992)

Abstract The dilute solution properties of a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(dimethyl sulfate quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [poly(DMAEM · C 2 H 6 SO 4 )], are studied by measurements of intrinsic viscosity, degree of binding, and flocculation application. The intrinsic viscosity of this polyelectrolyte is related to the type and concentration of added salt. The intrinsic viscosity behavior for cationic polyelectrolyte resulting from the electrostatic repulsive force of the polymer chain is contrasted with polyampholyte. The polyelectrolyte in the presence of KCl has a lower degree of binding, indicating that the proton ion (H + ) is relatively difficult to bind to the CH 3 SO 4 − at the polymer end. The polymerization of DMAEM · C 2 H 6 SO 4 in 0.5 M KCl aqueous solution proceeded more easily than that of DMAEM · C 2 H 6 SO 4 in pure water. The polymerization rate of DMAEM · C 2 H 6 SO 4 is found to pass through an extreme value as a function of pH. Optimum flocculation, corresponding to the complete removal of turbidity in the supernatant, is achieved. Beyond the optimum flocculation, high polymer dosages redisperse the bentonite suspensions.
A simple endoscopic method with radial endobronchial ultrasonography for low-migration rate coil-tailed fiducial marker placement (2020)

r-EBUS is a safe procedure for the placement of nitinol coil FMs, which have a low migration rate.
Hybrid Radio/Free-Space Optical Design for Next Generation Backhaul Systems (2015)

The deluge of date rate in today's networks imposes a cost burden on the backhaul network design. Developing cost efficient backhaul solutions becomes an exciting, yet challenging, problem. Traditional technologies for backhaul networks include either radio-frequency backhauls (RF) or optical fibers (OF). While RF is a cost-effective solution as compared to OF, it supports lower data rate requirements. Another promising backhaul solution is the free-space optics (FSO) as it offers both a high data rate and a relatively low cost. FSO, however, is sensitive to nature conditions, e.g., rain, fog, line-of-sight. This paper combines both RF and FSO advantages and proposes a hybrid RF/FSO backhaul solution. It considers the problem of minimizing the cost of the backhaul network by choosing either OF or hybrid RF/FSO backhaul links between the base-stations (BS) so as to satisfy data rate, connectivity, and reliability constraints. It shows that under a specified realistic assumption about the cost of OF and hybrid RF/FSO links, the problem is equivalent to a maximum weight clique problem, which can be solved with moderate complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed solution shows a close-to-optimal performance, especially for practical prices of the hybrid RF/FSO links.
2A1-A05 Development of Printer of Braille and Tactile Map using Ultraviolet Curable Resin(Tactile and Force Sensing (1)) (2013)

Japan has the highest rate of increase with respect to the population of senior citizens. More products, facilities, and services that are accessible to a wider range of people, regardless of their physical qualities or disabilities, are becoming popular. In this study, we focused on visual impediment. Printing braille and tactile maps with clear and colorless ultraviolet curable ink is usually done by screen printing. However, it is pointed out that end result of printed material manufactured by this method is poor quality. Therefore, we developed new printer for braille and tactile map, that clear and colorless ultraviolet curable ink was jetted by nozzle quickly. Furthermore, monitoring evaluation was conducted by several people actually using the Braille manufactured by the new printer. From this monitoring evaluation, we obtained a good appraisal for the braille.
Fatigue Response of Bridge Deck Link Slabs Designed with Ductile Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) (2004)

Link slabs designed for macroscopically crack free concrete bridge decks system were experimentally tested. The property requirements of the link slab material were considered. Special focus was placed on the fatigue and durability performance. Introduction of a ductile Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) material is proposed for its ability to control crack width and to exhibit high ductile behavior, which are main performance requirements in the link slab. Experimental results of cyclic tests of full-scale ECC link slabs are compared with those of an ordinary reinforced concrete link slab. The fatigue response will be discussed with particular emphasis on the
Immunoglobulin A. Arrangement of disulfide bridges in the hinge region of an immunoglobulin A1 human myeloma protein (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmunoglobulin A. Arrangement of disulfide bridges in the hinge region of an immunoglobulin A1 human myeloma proteinCarlota Wolfenstein-Todel, Frances Prelli, Blas Frangione, and Edward C. FranklinCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 25, 5195–5197Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00749a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00749a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide-Scale Analysis of Human Functional Transcription Factor Binding Reveals a Strong Bias towards the Transcription Start Site (2007)

We identified reliably functional TF binding sites. This is an essential step towards constructing regulatory networks. The promoter region proximal to the TSS is of central importance for regulation of transcription in human and mouse, just as it is in bacteria and yeast.
Multi-core Few-mode optical fibers with large Aeff (2012)

We designed and fabricated 7-core and 19-core few-mode fibers with large Aeff of 170μm2 (LP01 mode). We discuss the potentials and required challenges of realizing large-Aeff multi-core few-mode fibers taking intra-core and inter-core cross-talk into account.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of a New Au‐Te Polyanion by the Cathodic Dissolution of an AuTe2 Electrode: Structure of Au3Te3‐ 4. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel delivery systems for coagulation proteins (1998)

Long-term haemophilia prophylaxis with clotting factors administered by alternative delivery modes requires stable liquid formulations of these factors. We developed an aqueous-formulated human coagulation factor IX (hCFIX) with in vitro half-life (T 1/2) of 6 weeks at 37 degrees C and 18 months at 4 degrees C. Upon bolus subcutaneous (s.c.) injection in animals, hCFIX had a bioavailability of up to 16% compared to intravenous (i.v.) dose. When delivered by s.c. implanted pumps, hCFIX attained > 2% of normal human levels in the animal plasma. Hydrogels of hCFIX in a chitosan derivative, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), released hCFIX slowly in vitro, and when injected s.c., gave prolonged plasma levels over those obtained by bolus i.v. or s.c. injection. Freeze-dried human coagulation factor VIII (hCFVIII) formulated in non-aqueous solvents had in vitro T 1/2 up to 80 days at 37 degrees C.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antitumor Agents. Part 53. Synthesis, DNA Binding Properties, and Biological Activity of Perimidines Designed as “Minimal” DNA‐Intercalating Agents. (1988)

Abstract The perimidine derivatives (III) and (X) ‐ (XIII) are synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Molecular Self‐Assembly of Jointed Molecules on a Metallic Substrate: From Single Molecule to Monolayer (2006)

International audience
1.7 Gbit/s transmission over 165 km of dispersion-shiftedfibreusing spectrum-sliced fibre amplifier light source (1994)

The authors have demonstrated 1.7 Gbit/s transmission over 165 km of dispersion-shifted fibre using a spectrum-sliced fibre amplifier light source. To the authors&apos; knowledge, this represents the largest bit-rate distance product (280 Gbit/s·km) ever demonstrated using an incoherent light source. The dispersion penalty was very small (~0.3 dB) even at a wavelength 10 nm away from the dispersion-zero wavelength of the fibre.
Design of the Dialysis Access Consortium (DAC) clopidogrel prevention of early AV fistula thrombosis trial (2005)

This is the first, large, multicenter trial evaluating a pharmacologic approach to prevent early AV fistula failure and promote more usable fistulas for hemodialysis. The methodologic challenges identified and addressed during the development of this trial should help to inform the design of future vascular access trials, and are relevant to clinical trials addressing a wide range of questions.