gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tryptophan residue 32 in human Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase modulates prion-like propagation and strain selection (2020)

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cause the protein to aggregate via a prion-like process in which soluble molecules are recruited to aggregates by conformational templating. These misfolded SOD1 proteins can propagate aggregation-inducing conformations across cellular membranes. Prior studies demonstrated that mutation of a Trp (W) residue at position 32 to Ser (S) suppresses the propagation of misfolded conformations between cells, whereas other studies have shown that mutation of Trp 32 to Phe (F), or Cys 111 to Ser, can act in cis to attenuate aggregation of mutant SOD1. By expressing mutant SOD1 fused with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), we compared the relative ability of these mutations to modulate the formation of inclusions by ALS-mutant SOD1 (G93A and G85R). Only mutation of Trp 32 to Ser persistently reduced the formation of the amorphous inclusions that form in these cells, consistent with the idea that a Ser at position 32 inhibits templated propagation of aggregation prone conformations. To further test this idea, we produced aggregated fibrils of recombinant SOD1-W32S in vitro and injected them into the spinal cords of newborn mice expressing G85R-SOD1: YFP. The injected mice developed an earlier onset paralysis with a frequency similar to mice injected with WT SOD1 fibrils, generating a strain of misfolded SOD1 that produced highly fibrillar inclusion pathology. These findings suggest that the effect of Trp 32 in modulating the propagation of misfolded SOD1 conformations may be dependent upon the "strain" of the conformer that is propagating.
Detecting hand-palm orientation and hand shapes for sign language gesture recognition using 3D images (2012)

Automatic gesture recognition, specifically for the purpose of understanding sign language, can be an important aid in communicating with the deaf and hard-of-hearing. Recognition of sign languages requires understanding of various linguistic components such as palm orientation, hand shape, hand location and facial expression. We propose a method and system to estimate the palm orientation and the hand shape of a signer. Our system uses Microsoft Kinect to capture color and the depth images of a signer. It analyzes the depth data corresponding to the hand point region and fits plane to this data and defines the normal to this plane as the orientation of the palm. Then it uses 3-D shape context to determine the hand shape by comparing it to example shapes in the database. Palm orientation of the hand was found to be correct in varying poses. The shape context method for hand shape classification was found to identify 20 test hand shapes correctly and 10 shapes were matched to other but very similar shapes.
Chemical Kinetic Characterization of Combustion Toluene (2001)

A study is performed to elucidate the chemical kinetic mechanism of combustion of toluene. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for toluene was improved by adding a more accurate description of the phenyl + O{sub 2} reaction channels. Results of the chemical kinetic mechanism are compared with experimental data obtained from premixed and nonpremixed systems. Under premixed conditions, predicted ignition delay times are compared with new experimental data obtained in shock tube. Also, calculated species concentration histories are compared to experimental flow reactor data from the literature. Critical conditions of extinction and ignition were measured in strained laminar flows under nonpremixed conditions in the counterflow configuration. Numerical calculations are performed using the chemical kinetic mechanism at conditions corresponding to those in the experiments. Critical conditions of extinction and ignition are predicted and compared with the experimental data. For both premixed and nonpremixed systems, sensitivity analysis was used to identify the reaction rate constants that control the overall rate of oxidation in each of the systems considered.
Comparison of MME Signaling Loads for Long-Term-Evolution Architectures (2009)

The LTE architecture consists of eNBs that provide wireless connectivity to each UE, S-GWs that anchor the user plane for mobility, MMEs that provide control-plane support to each UE in its domain such as handover, paging, bearer management and tracking area updates and finally, PDNs that bridge the cellular network to the Internet. In this paper, we investigate LTE architectures with distributed MMEs and with a centralized MME. We present an analysis of the signaling load performance at the MME serving multimedia-capable UEs and compare the performance under both architectures. We propose a multicast paging procedure to alleviate the MME signaling load and compare the MME performance with multicast and unicast paging procedures. Our results show significant benefits of multicasting.
IE based approach to determine the effective constitutive parameters of periodic structure using microstrip measurement (2016)

This paper introduces an approach to determine the effective permittivity and permeability of periodic structures. The approach involves measurement of microstrip line with de-embedding structure. The periodic structure is built as the substrate of the microstrip line. An integral equation (IE) based method is setup to analyze the de-embedded S parameter of the microstrip line for characteristic impedance and propagation constant, then we can solve the complex permittivity and permeability of the periodic structure. Periodic metal patches structure is designed, fabricated and measured. Our proposed IE based method is applied to analyze the measurement data and results are validated.
230-240 GHz, 30 dB Gain Amplifier in INP-HEMT for Multi-10 Gb/s Data Communication Systems (2013)

In this paper, a multi-stage amplifier in 75-nm InP-HEMT technology is described. To achieve a remarkably high gain in a submillimeter waveband, feedback reduction architectures are proposed. The small signal gain of the fabricated amplifier is 30 dB around 230 GHz, and the 3-dB bandwidth is 228 to 242 GHz. The total power consumption of the amplifier was 130 mW. A modulator and an envelope detector are also implemented in the amplifier to confirm a large signal operation. When 10 Gb/s data is input to modulator, a clear eye-opening waveform from the detector output can be successfully obtained.
Selective Functionalization of In2O3 Nanowire Mat Devices for Biosensing Applications (2005)

A strategy to covalently attach biological molecules to the electrochemically active surface of indium oxide nanowire (In2O3 NW) mat devices is presented. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-(1,4-dihydroxybenzene)butyl phosphonic acid (HQ-PA) was generated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass and In2O3 NWs surface. The chemical steps required for surface derivatization were optimized on an ITO surface prior to modifying the In2O3 NWs. The hydroquinone group contained in the HQ-PA SAM was electrochemically oxidized to quinone (Q-PA) at +330 mV. The monolayer of Q-PA was allowed to react with a thiol-terminated DNA. The DNA was paired to its complementary strand tagged with a fluorescence dye. Attachment of DNA was verified using fluorescence microscopy. A device was subsequently prepared on a SiO2-supported mat of In2O3 NWs by depositing gold electrodes on the mat surface. The reaction strategy optimized on ITO was applied to this In2O3 NW-based device. Arrays of In2O3 NWs on a single substrate were electrochemically activated in a selective manner to Q-PA. Activated In2O3 NWs underwent reaction with HS-DNA and gave a positive fluorescence response after pairing with the dye-DNA. The unactivated In2O3 NWs gave no response, thus demonstrating selective functionalization of an In2O3 NW array. This can be considered a key step for the future fabrication of large-scale, inexpensive, nanoscale biosensors.
Air-based photoelectrochemical cell capturing water molecules from ambient air for hydrogen production (2014)

A system is demonstrated that autonomously produces hydrogen gas using sunlight and outside air as the only inputs.
Repair Avoidance and Evaluating Inspection and Maintenance Programs (1998)

On-road remote sensing measurements of vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in Denver, CO, have discovered vehicles that, after failing a state inspection and maintenance (I/M) test, are avoiding repair through sales to individuals who register them outside the program but still drive the vehicles in the I/M area. This reduces the emissions benefits from the program and makes it difficult to analyze program benefits by comparing the emissions of eligible vehicles with ineligible vehicles since the program is increasing the emissions of the ineligible vehicles. On-road emissions measurements of CO collected in 1995/1996 after the first year of Colorado's new centralized biennial I/M program showed a pattern of high emitting vehicles, which were unable to pass the new test, being moved out of the program but not out of the area. We predicted that if this were the case the observed pattern would disappear for CO data collected 1 year later. New measurements made in 1996/1997 confirmed this prediction.
Mining Web Technical Discussions to Identify Malware Capabilities (2013)

The exponential growth of unique malware binary artifacts has led researchers to explore automated techniques for characterizing unknown malware binaries' capabilities. Thus far, automatic malware analysis systems have relied on labeled training data and analyst defined rules to identify malware samples' software features and functional categories. Such approaches require substantial expert analyst effort to maintain, as malware authors change programming languages, APIs, malicious tactics, and operating system targets. In this paper we present preliminary results demonstrating the viability of a new research direction for malware capability identification that addresses these issues, the concept of mining web technical documentation to automatically identify malware capabilities. This approach does not require expert generation of rules or training labels and automatically stays up to date with the latest software engineering trends. We make two contributions aimed at demonstrating the value of this research direction: first, with a corpus of 6 million web technical postings from the programming question and answer website StackOverflow.com, we show that symbols found in a corpus of malicious executable files, such as registry keys, file names, and API call names, also occur frequently in the StackOverflow data, suggesting that applying natural language processing to the StackOverflow posts (and other technical documents) may help us automatically generate characterizations of technical symbols, and, thereby, capabilities, found in malware. Our second contribution is to show that by analyzing function call symbol co-occurrence within StackOverflow posts, as well as the semantic tags associated with these posts, we can create function relationship graphs over the symbols which show promise in helping to identifying malware software capabilities. We argue that these early findings demonstrate the promise of a web technical document based approach to automating malware capability identification.
Tests of Composite Plates (1934)

Abstract : Four types of composite armor plate were tested in an effort to find a more suitable combination of plates and spacings. Since test results indicate that 1/4 in. spaces are too large, the plates were not submitted to test with cal. .30, A.P., High Vel. ammunition.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Dithymidine Boranophosphate by the Oxathiaphospholane Approach. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How to describe polarization influence on imaging (2005)

We give a general introduction into polarized imaging and report on a Jones-pupil approach for a complete evaluation of the resulting optical performance. The Jones pupil assigns a Jones matrix to each point of the exit pupil describing the impact of both the global phase and the polarization on imaging. While we can learn already a lot about the optical system by taking a close look at the Jones pupil - and starting imaging simulations from it - a quantitative assessment is necessary for a complete evaluation of imaging. To do this, we generalize the concept of scalar Zernike aberrations to Jones-Zernike aberrations by expansion of the Jones pupil into vector polynomials. The resulting method is non-paraxial, i.e. the effect of the polarization dependent contrast loss for high numerical apertures is included. The aberrations of the Jones-matrix pupil are a suitable tool to identify the main drivers determining the polarization performance. Furthermore, they enable us to compare the polarized and the unpolarized performance of the such characterized lithographic system.
A Robust Algorithm for the Detection of Vehicle Turn Signals and Brake Lights (2012)

Robust and lightweight detection of alert signals of front vehicle, such as turn signals and brake lights, is extremely critical, especially in autonomous vehicle applications. Even with cars that are driven by human beings, automatic detection of these signals can aid in the prevention of otherwise deadly accidents. This paper presents a novel, robust and lightweight algorithm for detecting brake lights and turn signals both at night and during the day. The proposed method employs a Kalman filter to reduce the processing load. Much research is focused only on the detection of brake lights at night, but our algorithm is able to detect turn signals as well as brake lights under any lighting conditions with high accuracy rates.
Multifunctional nanoparticles for prostate cancer therapy (2009)

Multifunctional nanoparticles promise significantly better treatment for prostate cancer. This review begins with a molecular and physiological overview of prostate cancer, including current treatments in various stages of disease development. Emerging nanoparticle technology in chemotherapy, hyperthermia therapy and gene therapy will be discussed. We highlight novel advances in nanoparticle technology for prostate cancer and indicate future challenges in the rational design of multifunctional nanoparticles, such as understanding tumor characteristics and the activation of the complement system.
Length variation within intron 2 of the human IL-1 receptor antagonist protein gene (IL1RN) (1991)

Journal Article Length variation within intron 2 of the human IL-1 receptor antagonist protein gene (IL1RN) Get access A. Steinkasserer, A. Steinkasserer MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford Ox1 3QU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Koelble, K. Koelble MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford Ox1 3QU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.B. Sim R.B. Sim MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford Ox1 3QU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 18, 25 September 1991, Page 5095, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.18.5095 Published: 25 September 1991
Nanoporous, Low-Dielectric Constant Organosilicate Materials Derived from Inorganic Polymer Blends (2004)

Porous materials will be needed to reach the ultralow-k dielectric on-chip insulator objectives for advancedsemiconductor chips. Nanoporous organosilicates can be prepared using thermally labile macromolecular porogens and silsesquioxane resins. This process readily achieves dielectric constants of 1.5. There is a significant difference in porous morphologies depending on whether the porogens function by nucleation and growth or an actual templating mechanism.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Molecular Classification of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from A Molecular Classification of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
High-throughput generation of coalescence-free droplets by introducing additional oil with high concentration of surfactant (2016)

The goal of this study is to generate droplets in a high-throughput manner without coalescence. For this purpose, an additional oil injector was applied into a conventional droplet generator. We demonstrated that our device can stabilize the droplets by injecting the additional oil. The surfactant concentration in the additional oil is higher than that in the oil for the droplet generation, resulting in a high-throughput droplet generation of 4,200 droplets/s.
Editorial (2014)

Utrecht Journal of International and European Law (previously Merkourios) is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, student-led law journal, focusing on international and European law.The journal aims to contribute to legal scholarship on international and European law by promoting these fields' progressive development and providing an international forum for interaction between academia, practitioners and students.
Snapshot echo-planar imaging methods: current trends and future perspectives (1990)

Abstract Ultra-high-speed imaging methods have gained in credibility over the past two years by virtue of improvements in imaging quality. This has come about by increases in both signal:noise ratios and image matrix size. Signal:noise improvements have been gained largely by use of higher magnetic field strengths. In echo-planar imaging (EP1) the image matrix size, and hence pixel resolution, depends on the use of large rapidly switched magnetic field gradients. Improvements in gradient coil design, the introduction of active magnetic screening of the coils and the availability of more powerful amplifiers, have all helped to achieve higher in-plane resolution. On our home-built system, operating at 0.5 T, the pixel resolution is currently 3 x 1.5 mm2 for a slice thickness of ca. 10 mm. The principles of EP1 are briefly outlined and results of current techniques presented. Future perspectives will be directed to combinations of EP1 with spectroscopy and new developments in echo-volumar imaging.
A Novel Chronic Dural Port Platform for Continuous Collection of Large Volumes of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Intrathecal Drug Delivery in Free-Moving Mice. (2021)

Abstract BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a direct representation of the pathophysiological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS); therefore, it has been used for pathogenesis research and biomarker development for CNS disorders. The CSF obtained from valid mouse models relevant to CNS disorders can be an important resource for successful biomarker and drug development. However, the limited volume of CSF that can be collected from the tiny intrathecal space and the technical difficulties involved in CSF sampling have been bottlenecks that have hindered the detailed analysis of CSF in mouse models. ResultsWe have developed a novel chronic dural port (CDP) method without cannulation for mouse CSF collection. This method allows easy and repeated access to the intrathecal space in a free-moving, unanesthetized mouse, thereby enabling continuous long-term CSF collection with minimal tissue damage and providing a large volume of high-quality CSF from a single mouse. When combined with chemical biosensors, the CDP method allows real-time monitoring of the dynamic changes in neurochemicals in the CSF at a one-second temporal resolution in free-moving mice. The CDP can also serve as a direct access point for intrathecal injection of CSF tracers and drugs. The spatio-temporal distribution of CSF tracers delivered via CDP revealed a dynamic metabolism of CSF at distinct brain areas. Direct intrathecal delivery of centrally acting drugs via CDP enabled real-time behavioral assessment in free-moving mice. ConclusionsThe CDP method allows collection of a large volume of high-quality CSF and direct intrathecal drug administration with real-time behavioral assessment in free-moving mice. Combined with animal models relevant to CNS disorders, this method provides a unique and valuable platform for biomarker and therapeutic drug research.
Identification of three additionalfemAB-like open reading frames inStaphylococcus aureus (1999)

Three new proteins, FmhA, FmhB and FmhC, with significant identities to FemA and FemB were identified in the Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 55748) genome database. They were mapped to the SmaI-C, SmaI-H and SmaI-A fragments of the S. aureus 8325 chromosome, respectively. Whereas insertional inactivation of fmhA and fmhC had no effects on growth, antibiotic susceptibility, lysostaphin resistance, or peptidoglycan composition of the strains, fmhB could not be inactivated, strongly suggesting that fmhB may be an essential gene. As deduced from the functions of FemA and FemB which are involved in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan pentaglycine interpeptide, FmhB may be a candidate for the postulated FemX thought to add the first glycine to the nascent interpeptide.
Application of Pervasive Computing to Enterprise Information Enquiry Service (2006)

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol, WAP) server platform can be designed and implemented to explore and query the information, which WAP Web site is created on the server end and the mobile phone is connected to Internet by wireless network using CMWAP service provided by China Mobile. The paper presents the pervasive computing technologies used to create the enquiry platform which include configuration of WAP Web site for the server end, application of service provided by China Mobile for Nokia 6610, configuration of CMWAP service for the mobile phone end and Java development technology for communication device. Taking e-commerce of ShanHua Carpet Group Co., Ltd. as background, the users' queries to carpet images and telephone book on the platform is implemented
An efficient channel tracker using pilots in ofdm systems (2004)

This paper proposes an algorithm to combat the performance degradation of an IEEE 802.11a orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system under the time-varying channel conditions by supplementing the conventional channel estimation method that uses a preamble. Packets in wireless local area network (WLAN) systems consist of preamble symbols for channel estimation and data symbols for traffic transmission. There are some pilots inserted within each data symbol to correct the phase error due to the frequency offset remaining even after the automatic frequency control (AFC) The proposed algorithm utilizes the pilots and requires a small amount of additional hardware. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by computer simulation.
Highly-Accelerated Real-Time Cine MRI using compressed sensing and parallel imaging (2011)

sensing and parallel imaging.