gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Silencing Expression of the Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J Gene in Human Cancer Cells Using Small Interfering RNA Induces Spontaneous Apoptosis, Reduced Growth Ability, and Cell Sensitization to Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J (CLU) is a heterodimeric ubiquitously expressed secreted glycoprotein that is implicated in several physiological processes and is differentially expressed in many severe physiological disturbances, including tumor formation and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; cancer progression. Despite extensive efforts, clarification of CLU’s biological role has been exceptionally difficult and its precise function remains elusive. Short RNA duplexes, referred to as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), provide a new approach for the elucidation of gene function in human cells. Here, we describe siRNA-mediated &lt;i&gt;CLU&lt;/i&gt; gene silencing in osteosarcoma and prostate human cancer cells and illustrate that CLU mRNA is amenable to siRNA-mediated degradation. Our data demonstrate that CLU knockdown in human cancer cells induces significant reduction of cellular growth and higher rates of spontaneous endogenous apoptosis. Moreover, CLU knockdown cancer cells were significantly sensitized to both genotoxic and oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic drugs and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, respectively. These effects were more pronounced in cell lines that express high endogenous steady-state levels of the CLU protein and occur through hyperactivation of the cellular apoptotic machinery. Overall, our results reveal that, in the distinct cellular contexts of the osteosarcoma and prostate cancer cells assayed, CLU is a central molecule in cell homeostasis that exerts a cytoprotective function. The described CLU-specific siRNA oligonucleotides that can potently silence &lt;i&gt;CLU&lt;/i&gt; gene expression may thus prove valuable agents during antitumor therapy or at other pathological conditions where CLU has been implicated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Surface Depletion Layers in Plasmonic Metal Oxide Nanocrystals (2019)

Strong infrared (IR) light-matter interaction and spectral tunability combine to make plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) a compelling choice for IR applications. In particular, visible transparency paired with strong, dynamically tunable IR absorption has motivated their implementation in electrochromic smart windows, but these NCs hold promise for a far broader range of plasmonically driven processes such as surface-enhanced infrared sensing, photothermal therapy, and enhanced photocatalysis. These unique properties result from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sustained by a relatively low free charge carrier concentration, which in turn requires consideration of distinct materials physics relative to traditional plasmonic materials (i.e., metals). Particularly important is the formation of insulating shells devoid of charge carriers (depletion layers) near the NC surface. Surface states as well as applied surface potentials can give rise to a potential difference between the NC surface and its core that depletes free charge carriers from the surface, forming an insulating shell that reduces the conductivity in NC films, lowers the dielectric sensitivity of the LSPR, and diminishes the incident electric field enhancement. In this Account, we report recent investigations of depletion layers in plasmonic metal oxide NCs that have advanced understanding of the semiconductor physics underlying the optoelectronic properties of these NCs and the electrochemical modulation of their LSPR, establishing a conceptual framework with which to broaden their applicability and optimize their performance. As a result of surface depletion, larger, highly doped NCs have improved dielectric sensitivity compared with their smaller, lightly doped counterparts. Concentrating dopants near the NC surface compresses the depletion layer, resulting in improved conductivity of NC films. Moreover, atomic layer deposition of alumina to infill NC films enhances the film conductivity by more than 2 orders of magnitude, ascribed to the elimination of depletion effects by reactive removal of surface water species. At the conclusion, we reflect on how our newfound understanding of surface depletion in plasmonic metal oxide NCs is quickly leading to rational material design. This insight is already resulting in significant performance improvements, and the same principles can be applied to new, exciting opportunities in hot carrier extraction and resonant IR energy transduction.
Backscatter WERS for trace chemical analyte detection using a handheld spectrometer (2020)

Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) enables the detection and identification of trace concentrations of vapor-phase analytes using a functionalized chip-scale photonic circuit. Here, we show that WERS signal can be collected from part-per-billion levels of targeted analytes in a backscatter geometry, which, compared to forward-scatter, simplifies component integration and is more tolerant of waveguide loss and modal interference. In addition, we discuss our progress towards a compact Raman sensing system that incorporates a handheld spectrometer and chip-scale optical filters. We demonstrate that a handheld, thermo-electrically cooled spectrometer can be used for backscatter WERS with a comparable signal-to-noise to that of a liquid-nitrogen cooled benchtop spectrometer. Finally, we describe efforts to integrate the dichroic Raman filter on-chip using arrays of unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Measurements show filter performance sufficient for integration with WERS: Transmission of &gt;80% of the laser in the cross port and Stokes signal in the through port; and extinction of the laser by &gt;20 dB in the though port and of Stokes signal by &gt;8 dB in the cross port.
Redundant manipulator control with autonomous consideration algorithm of torque saturation (2003)

As each joint actuator of a robot manipulator has a limit value of torque, the motion control system should consider the torque saturation. Since the redundant robot manipulator has plural attitudes for a position of its end-effector. Jacobian matrix of redundant robot manipulator can select the optimal one considering its motion energy. Using the optimal Jacobian matrix, the motion control system can fairly consider the torque saturation in steady state. When the motion control system carries out fast motion and quick disturbance suppression, high joint torque is required in the transient state. However, the high torque cannot often be produced by torque limitation. In order to consider the torque saturation in the steady and transient states, this paper proposes a new redundant motion control system, which uses both the autonomous consideration algorithm on torque saturation and the optimal Jacobian matrix on motion energy. The proposed Jacobian matrix minimizes the motion energy of joint space in steady state. The autonomous consideration algorithm on torque saturation adjusts the acceleration torque in joint space, and compensates the saturation effect in Cartesian space. In the simulation results, on condition of having a large payload torque and a fast motion reference, the proposed redundant manipulator control well realizes the quick robot motion robustly and smoothly.
Growth Hormone and Epidermal Growth Factor in Salivary Glands of Giant and Dwarf Transgenic Mice (2004)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in rat salivary glands is regulated by testosterone, thyroxin, and growth hormone (GH). Salivary glands of 45-day-old giant and dwarf male and female transgenic mice were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for EGF. Male giants showed no significant differences from wild-type (WT) parotid and submandibular glands. However, their sublingual glands expressed EGF diffusely and strongly in granular cells within the striated ducts, where they were not found in WT mice. Submandibular gland ducts of female WT were different, having individual granular cells strongly positive for EGF and distributed sporadically along the striated duct walls. Neither female GH-antagonist dwarf mice nor GH-receptor knockout mice had any granular cells expressing EGF in any gland. Obvious presence of granular duct cells in the sublingual glands of giant male mice suggests GH-upregulated granular cell EGF expression. Furthermore, absence of granular duct cells from all glands in female GH-antagonist and GH-receptor knockout transgenic mice suggests that GH is necessary for the differentiation of the granular cell phenotype in female salivary glands.
Pre-compensated resonant higher-order mode suppression in coiled large mode area amplifier fibers (2008)

An improved strategy for resonant suppression of higher-order modes is presented. HOM suppressing structures in the cladding are pre-compensated for the bend-induced shift of coupling resonances. Simulations confirm that excellent HOM suppression is achieved.
Surface‐Induced Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Metal Suprastructures (2010)

A systematic study on the synthesis of a series of self-assembled suprastructures, such as cubes, stars, belts, and microspheres, of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in borosilicate glassware heavily cleaned with aqua regia is presented. These self-assembled structures are mostly formed from the crystallographically iso-oriented AgNPs, and exhibit well-defined shapes. In regular washed glassware, only Ag nanowires are synthesized. The formation mechanisms of these self-assembled Ag structures, based on monitoring of their structural evolution in glassware decorated with different molecules, are proposed. This work not only demonstrates that the surface energy of glassware can affect chemical synthesis, but also provides an interesting approach to the shape-controlled synthesis of novel self-assembled suprastructures of AgNPs, which could be potentially used as synthesis templates, drug vessels, and microreactors.
An Asymptotically Efficient Weighted Least Squares Estimator for Co-Array-Based DoA Estimation (2019)

Co-array-based Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation using Sparse Linear Arrays (SLAs) has recently gained considerable interest in array processing thanks to its capability of providing enhanced degrees of freedom. Although the literature presents a variety of estimators in this context, none of them are proven to be statistically efficient. This work introduces a novel estimator for the co-array-based DoA estimation employing the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method. An analytical expression for the large sample performance of the proposed estimator is derived. Then, an optimal weighting is obtained so that the asymptotic performance of the proposed WLS estimator coincides with the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB), thereby ensuring asymptotic statistical efficiency of resulting WLS estimator. This implies that the proposed WLS estimator has a significantly better performance compared to existing methods. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the analytical derivations and corroborate the improved performance.
Fast switching characteristics in vertical organic field effect transistors (2013)

We report a theoretical and experimental investigation of the switching characteristics in patterned-source vertical field effect transistors. Experimentally we show that the layered structure gives rise to capacitances coupling of the potential between the drain and source electrodes. By removing the extrinsic gate-source capacitance we are able to demonstrate unprecedented sub-2 μs switching and current levels of 3 A/cm2. Theoretically, using a 2D drift-diffusion model, we show that the intrinsic response depends on two processes: the formation of the virtual electrode and the injection through it to form the vertical channel. The importance of the source structure parameter to achieve ultimate speed is discussed.
Enhanced Plasmonic Photocatalysis through Cooperative\n Plasmonic--Photonic Hybridization (2019)

Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous promise for catalyzing\nlight-driven chemical reactions. The conventionally assumed detrimental\nabsorption loss from plasmon damping can now be harvested to drive chemical\ntransformations of the NP adsorbent, through the excitation and transfer of\nenergetic "hot" carriers. The rate and selectivity of plasmonic photocatalysis\nare dependent on the characteristics of the incident light. By engineering the\nstrength and wavelength of the light harvesting of a NP, it is possible to\nachieve more efficient and predictive photocatalysts. We report a\nplasmonic--photonic resonance hybridization strategy to substantially enhance\nhot electron generation at tunable, narrow-band wavelengths. By coupling the\nplasmon resonance of silver NPs to the guided mode resonance in a photonic\ncrystal (PC) slab, the reaction rate of a hot-electron-driven reduction\nconversion is greatly accelerated. The mechanism is broadly compatible with NPs\nwith manifold materials and shapes optimized for the targeted chemistry. The\nnovel enhancement platform sheds light on rational design of high-performance\nplasmonic photocatalysts.\n
Canadian Involvement in the Brain Drain from Africa: Opportunities for Action (1979)

The phenomenon known as the “brain drain” refers to the permanent or long-term migration of educated or skilled individuals from one country to another, usually from a poor Third World nation to an industrialized Western country. However, it also describes the migration of such persons between developed countries, such as from Canada to the United States and within countries, notably from impoverished rural areas to urban areas.
Open-Label, Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Two Dose Levels of Pertuzumab, a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Dimerization Inhibitor, in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (2010)

The limited efficacy observed in this study, generally SD of relatively short duration, suggested little benefit of further investigation of single-agent pertuzumab in unselected patients with HER2-negative disease.
A Survey of Symbiotic Radio: Methodologies, Applications, and Future Directions (2023)

The sixth generation (6G) wireless technology aims to achieve global connectivity with environmentally sustainable networks to improve the overall quality of life. The driving force behind these networks is the rapid evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), which has led to a proliferation of wireless applications across various domains through the massive deployment of IoT devices. The major challenge is to support these devices with limited radio spectrum and energy-efficient communication. Symbiotic radio (SRad) technology is a promising solution that enables cooperative resource-sharing among radio systems through symbiotic relationships. By fostering mutualistic and competitive resource sharing, SRad technology enables the achievement of both common and individual objectives among the different systems. It is a cutting-edge approach that allows for the creation of new paradigms and efficient resource sharing and management. In this article, we present a detailed survey of SRad with the goal of offering valuable insights for future research and applications. To achieve this, we delve into the fundamental concepts of SRad technology, including radio symbiosis and its symbiotic relationships for coexistence and resource sharing among radio systems. We then review the state-of-the-art methodologies in-depth and introduce potential applications. Finally, we identify and discuss the open challenges and future research directions in this field.
Regulation of Dynamical Systems to Optimal Solutions of Semidefinite\n Programs: Algorithms and Applications to AC Optimal Power Flow (2014)

This paper considers a collection of networked nonlinear dynamical systems,\nand addresses the synthesis of feedback controllers that seek optimal operating\npoints corresponding to the solution of network-wide constrained optimization\nproblems. Particular emphasis is placed on the solution of semidefinite\nprograms (SDPs). The design of the feedback controller is grounded on a dual\nepsilon-subgradient approach, with the dual iterates utilized to dynamically\nupdate the dynamical-system reference signals. Global convergence is guaranteed\nfor diminishing stepsize rules, even when the reference inputs are updated at a\nfaster rate than the dynamical-system settling time. The application of the\nproposed framework to the control of power-electronic inverters in AC\ndistribution systems is discussed. The objective is to bridge the time-scale\nseparation between real-time inverter control and network-wide optimization.\nOptimization objectives assume the form of SDP relaxations of prototypical AC\noptimal power flow problems.\n
Micro X-ray fluorescence in materials characterization (2004)

Micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) offers the analyst a new approach to materials characterization. The range of applications is expanding rapidly. Single point analysis has been demonstrated for nanoliter volumes with detection limits at the 0.5 ng level. MXRF can be used as an element specific detector for capillary electrophoresis. Elemental imaging applications include analysis of sample corrosion and polymers, use as a combinatorial chemistry screening tool, and integration with molecular spectroscopic imaging methods to provide a more comprehensive characterization. Three-dimensional elemental imaging is a reality with the development of a confocal X-ray fluorescence microscope. Stereoview elemental X-ray imaging can provide unique views of materials that flat two-dimensional images cannot achieve. Spectral imaging offers chemical imaging capability, moving MXRF into a higher level of information content. The future is bright for MXRF as a materials characterization tool.
Traffic descriptors for VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks (1995)

This paper examines the problem of video transport over ATM networks using knowledge of both video system design and broadband networks. The following issues are addressed: video system delay caused by internal buffering, traffic descriptors (TD) for video, and call admission. We find that while different video sequences require different TD parameters, the following trends hold for all sequences examined. First, increasing the delay in the video system decreases the necessary peak rate and significantly increases the number of calls that can be carried by the network. Second, as an operational traffic descriptor for video, the leaky-bucket algorithm appears to be superior to the sliding-window algorithm. And finally, with a delay in the video system, the statistical multiplexing gain from VBR over CBR video is upper bounded by roughly a factor of four, and to obtain a gain of about 2.0 can require the operational traffic descriptor to have a window or bucket size on the order of a thousand cells. We briefly discuss how increasing the complexity of the video system may enable the size of the bucket or window to be reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cycle-resolved measurements of in-cylinder constituents during diesel engine transients and insight into their impact on emissions (2011)

Diesel engine transients, in particular the rapid increase of load from idle, lead to significant excursions of operating parameters from normal, steady-state operation. A typical transient event is initiated by a sudden increase of fuelling followed by a turbo lag period. The trajectories of key parameters, such as boost pressure, air/fuel ratio, and amount of residual in the cylinder, depend on the complex interplay between the control system behaviour, actuator response, and time scales of physical processes. The end result is a significant deviation of the combustion event and emission formation. For example, it has been shown that transient spikes of soot may be responsible for up to half of total particulate emissions during a city driving cycle. The present paper introduces an experimental technique to quantify cycle-resolved pre-combustion in-cylinder constituents during transient engine operation and uses measurements to generate insight into mechanisms that cause increased emissions during a diesel engine transient event. A 6.0-litre V-8 diesel engine is instrumented for fuel injector needle lift and injection pressure measurements, cylinder pressure, simultaneous fast measurements of CO 2 concentrations in the exhaust and in the cylinder, and fast measurements of NO and particulate spectrum. Analytical techniques are introduced to process measurements and determine cycle-resolved mass of fuel, air, and stoichiometric combustion products, thus providing insight into reasons for significant variations of emission during the transient. The technique is utilized to study engine behaviour over an FTP-72 driving cycle.
Spray-Flame Synthesis of LaMnO3+δ Nanoparticles for Selective CO Oxidation (SELOX) (2021)

LaMnO3+δ nanoperovskites were prepared via the continuous and scalable spray-flame synthesis (SFS) technique from metal nitrate-based solutions by using either ethanol (EtOH) as solvent or a mixture of ethanol (50 vol %) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (50 vol %) (EtOH/2-EHA). Solutions based on pure EtOH generated a mixture of several phases and a broad and multimodal particle size distribution, which is attributed to a combination of gas-to-particle and droplet-to particle formation of particles. The product contained a bimodal distribution of the orthorhombic (Pnma II) LaMnO3 perovskite-like phase and additional, unwanted phases such as La2O3 and sub-20 nm Mn-rich amorphous/poorly crystalline particles. The incorporation of 2-EHA led to high surface area (>100 m2 g–1), small, and crystalline LaMnO3+δ nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 4 and 15 nm in the presence of few sub-200 nm particles (<10 wt %). This sample is mainly composed of the orthorhombic Mn4+ rich (Pnma I) LaMnO3+δ phase, and it counts with a very high specific surface area that makes it highly promising for catalytic applications. FTIR and UV–VIS spectroscopy of the precursor solutions revealed the oxidation of the Mn2+ precursor in advance of the particle formation process along with the esterification of the solvent mixture. It is assumed that the observed liquid-phase oxidation supports the formation of Mn4+-rich perovskites. According to O2-TPD and H2-TPR measurements, the EtOH/2-EHA sample presented a much higher formation of adsorbed active oxygen species and higher reducibility than the EtOH-made material, leading to a superior performance for both the catalytic oxidation of CO and the selective oxidation (SELOX) of CO.
Efficient substitution of multiple constant multiplications by shifts and additions using iterative pairwise matching (1994)

A proper optimization of this part of the computation, which we call the multiple constant multiplication (MCM) problem, often results in a significant improvement in several key design metrics.
Photodynamic therapy plus regulatory T-cell depletion produces immunity against a mouse tumour that expresses a self-antigen (2013)

Administration of CY before PDT led to depletion of Treg and potentiated PDT-mediated immunity, leading to long-term survival and development of memory immunity that was only uncovered by second Treg depletion.
Positioning of emergency personnel in rescue operations : possibilities and vulnerabilities with existing techniques and identification of needs for future RaD (2007)

Summary and recommendations Presently, GPS-equipped mobile phones are launched at a large scale, enabling a variety of positioning based services. Indeed, GPS is expected to be the future killer ap ...
Balancing the developmental niches within the lung (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.