gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokinin N‐glucosylation inhibitors suppress deactivation of exogenous cytokinins in radish, but their effect on active endogenous cytokinins is counteracted by other regulatory mechanisms (2004)

The prolongation of the effect of exogenous cytokinins by inhibition of their inactivation was studied in Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rampouch. As in radish the main way of cytokinin inactivation is their N-glucosylation, inhibitors of this pathway, papaverine, theophylline and olomoucine, as well as two olomoucine analogues, bohemine and roscovitine, were tested. The latter ones, which function as potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, have also been found to effectively inhibit cytokinin N-glucosylation. Incubation (24 h) of de-rooted radish seedlings with inhibitors resulted in c. 50% decrease of the conversion of model cytokinins, [(3)H]dihydrozeatin and [(3)H]N(6)-benzyladenine, to the corresponding 7N-glucosides. Simultaneously the level of the non-metabolized cytokinin bases was elevated. The activity of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.12) was suppressed in a dose dependent manner. The concentration of physiologically active endogenous cytokinins was not increased significantly by inhibitor application. The inhibition of N-glucosylation was in the case of olomoucine, bohemine and roscovitine accompanied by the accumulation of physiologically nonactive cis-zeatin derivatives. The impact of inhibitors on the endogenous cytokinin pool seems to be balanced by the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of cytokinin homeostasis.
Scoring System Prognostic of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2020)

To develop a system prognostic of outcome in those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HCT) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
Regulation of gelatinase B production in corneal cells is independent of autocrine IL-1alpha. (1999)

Unlike collagenase synthesis by corneal stromal fibroblasts, production (synthesis) of gelatinase B does not appear to be controlled by secreted autocrine cytokines but can still be inhibited by suramin. Suramin may make an effective therapeutic agent for controlling pathologic overproduction of gelatinase B in corneal ulcers.
Soluble Spike DNA vaccine provides long-term protective immunity against SAR-CoV-2 in mice and nonhuman primates (2020)

Summary The unprecedented and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has motivated the need for a rapidly producible and scalable vaccine. Here, we developed a synthetic soluble SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) DNA-based vaccine candidate, GX-19. In mice, immunization with GX-19 elicited not only S-specific systemic and pulmonary antibody responses but also Th1-biased T cell responses in a dose-dependent manner. GX-19 vaccinated nonhuman primate seroconverted rapidly and exhibited detectable neutralizing antibody response as well as multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Notably, when the immunized nonhuman primates were challenged at 10 weeks after the last vaccination with GX-19, they did not develop fever and reduced viral loads in contrast to non-vaccinated primates as a control. These findings indicate that GX-19 vaccination provides durable protective immune response and also support further development of GX-19 as a vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 in human clinical trials.
Smart materials systems through mesoscale patterning (1996)

We report work on the fabrication of smart materials with two unique strategies: (1) self- assembly and (2) laser stereolithography. Both methods are akin to the processes used by biological systems. The first one is ideal for pattern development and the fabrication of miniaturized units in the submicron range and the second one in the 10 micrometer to 1 mm size range. By using these miniaturized units as building blocks, one can also produce smart material systems that can be used at larger length scales such as smart structural components. We have chosen to focus on two novel piezoceramic systems: (1) high-displacement piezoelectric actuators, and (2) piezoceramic hydrophone composites possessing negative Poisson ratio matrices. High-displacement actuators are essential in such applications as linear motors, pumps, switches, loud speakers, variable-focus mirrors, and laser deflectors. Arrays of such units can potentially be used for active vibration control of helicopter rotors as well as the fabrication of adaptive rotors. In the case of piezoceramic hydrophone composites, we utilize matrices having a negative Poisson's ratio in order to produce highly sensitive, miniaturized sensors. We envision such devices having promising new application areas such as the implantation of hydrophones in small blood vessels to monitor blood pressure. Negative Poisson ratio materials have promise as robust shock absorbers, air filters, and fasteners, and hence, can be used in aircraft and land vehicles.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation defect in the Heart of Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease (2019)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Detailed understanding of abnormalities in mitochondrial function that occur in patients with CAD is lacking. We evaluated mitochondrial damage, energy production, and mitochondrial complex activity in human non-CAD and CAD hearts. Fresh and frozen human heart tissue was used. Cell lysate or mitochondria were isolated using standard techniques. Mitochondrial DNA (<sub>mt</sub>DNA), NAD + and ATP levels, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity were evaluated. Proteins critical to the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and function were also evaluated in tissue lysates. PCR analysis revealed an increase in <sub>mt</sub>DNA lesions and the frequency of mitochondrial common deletion, both established markers for impaired mitochondrial integrity in CAD compared to non-CAD patient samples. NAD<sup>+</sup> and ATP levels were significantly decreased in CAD subjects compared to Non-CAD (NAD<sup>+</sup> fold change: non-CAD 1.00 ± 0.17 vs. CAD 0.32 ± 0.12* and ATP fold change: non-CAD 1.00 ± 0.294 vs. CAD 0.01 ± 0.001*; N = 15, P < 0.005). We observed decreased respiration control index in CAD tissue and decreased activity of complexes I, II, and III. Expression of ETC complex subunits and respirasome formation were increased; however, elevations in the de-active form of complex I were observed in CAD. We observed a corresponding increase in glycolytic flux, indicated by a rise in pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, indicating a compensatory increase in glycolysis for cellular energetics. Together, these results indicate a shift in mitochondrial metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in human hearts subjects with CAD.
Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of myocardial radiofrequency ablation: initial in vivo results (2005)

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging techniques were used to monitor radiofrequency (RF) ablation of ovine cardiac tissue in vivo. Additionally, ARFI M-mode imaging methods were used to interrogate both healthy and ablated regions of myocardial tissue. Although induced cardiac lesions were not visualized well in conventional B-mode images, ARFI images of ablation procedures allowed determination of lesion location, shape, and relative size through time. The ARFI M-mode images were capable of distinguishing differences in behavior through the cardiac cycle between healthy and damaged tissue regions. As conventional sonography is often used to guide ablation catheters, ARFI imaging, which requires no additional equipment, may be a convenient modality for monitoring lesion formation in vivo.
The BCR-ABL Oncogene Transforms Rat-1 Cells and Cooperates with v- myc (1989)

The tyrosine kinase P210 is the gene product of the rearranged BCR-ABL locus on the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1), which is found in leukemic cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. It has a weakly oncogenic effect in immature murine hematopoietic cells and does not transform NIH 3T3 cells. We have found that P210 has a strikingly different effect in Rat-1 cells, another line of established rodent fibroblasts. Stable expression of P210 in Rat-1 cells caused a distinct morphological change and conferred both tumorigenicity and capacity for anchorage-independent growth. The introduction of v-myc into Rat-1 cells expressing P210 led to complete morphological transformation and enhanced tumorigenicity. No such interaction took place in NIH 3T3 cells. Thus, Rat-1 cells can be used to detect cooperation between BCR-ABL and other oncogenes and may prove useful for the identification of secondary oncogenic events in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Interfaces,AttributesandUseCases -ACompassforSDN (2014)

The term Software Defined Networking (SDN) is prevalent in today’s discussion about future communication networks. Like with any new term or paradigm, however, no consistent definition regarding this technology has formed. The fragmented view on SDN results in legacy products being passed off by equipment vendors as SDN, academics mixing up the attributes of SDN with those of network virtualization, and users not fully understanding the benefits. Therefore, establishing SDN as a widely adopted technology beyond laboratories and insular deployments requires a compass to navigate the multitude of ideas and concepts that make up SDN today. The contribution of this paper represents an important step towards such an instrument. It gives a thorough definition of SDN and its interfaces as well as a list of its key attributes. Furthermore, a mapping of interfaces and attributes to SDN use cases is provided, highlighting the relevance of the interfaces and attributes for each scenario. Thus, the compass guides a potential adopter of SDN, whether SDN is in fact the right technology for an arbitrary use case.
Precisely Localizing Wavelength Sensitive Point-Spread Functions Engineered With a Silicon Oxide Phase Plate (2018)

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SoarNet (2019)

In mobile access networks, different types of Internet of Things (IoT) devices (e.g., sensor nodes and smartphones) generate vast traffic demands, thus dramatically increasing the traffic loads of their connected access nodes, especially in the 5G era. Considering the possible traffic congestion of the access nodes, drone base stations (DBSs) can be flexibly deployed to hotspot areas as relays between the access nodes and IoT devices. As the DBSs' batteries are limited while their backhauls toward access nodes directly impact the throughput of IoT devices in downloading their data, how to improve the flight time of DBSs and the backhaul capacity remains critical in drone-assisted access networks. Hence, we propose a Free Space Optics as Backhaul and Energizer for Drone-Assisted Networking (SoarNet) architecture, where a free space optics (FSO) link serves as the backhaul link between a DBS and its access node. That is, a laser beam, which carries both data and energy, will be emitted from the access node to the DBS. Therefore, the DBS can simultaneously receive high-speed data streams and energy via the laser beam. The received energy is used to power the DBS to prolong its flight, and received data streams are delivered to IoT devices via existing RF channels. Several research challenges are identified in the context of SoarNet to further improve the network performance.
Abstraction Mechanisms in Theta (2013)

Abstraction mechanisms are crucial for the organization of large-scale software. Theta is a new objectoriented programming language developed for implementing shared persistent objects as components of large-scale software. Theta provides a number of mechanisms that support abstraction and the construction of large-scale software. No single mechanism is novel in itself. Instead, the value of Theta is the combination of relatively well-understood mechanisms into a coherent whole. Theta provides static type-checking with separate compilation; automatic storage management; specifications separate from implementation; subtyping; inheritance; and constrained parametric polymorphism. The mechanisms of inheritance, subtyping, and parametric polymorphism are entirely distinct in Theta. In contrast to other languages, constraints on parametric polymorphism are not expressed in terms of subtyping. We demonstrate that the use of subtyping to constrain polymorphism does not work properly. Our final contributions are to identify the problem of protecting classes from their inheriting subclasses, and to present rules that suffice for such protection. 1
Protein cross-linking with oxidative enzymes and transglutaminase : Effects in meat protein systems (2007)

The effects of tyrosinase, laccase and transglutaminase (TG) were studied in different meat protein systems. The study was focused on the effects of the enzymes on the gel formation properties of myofibrils, and on the textural and water-holding properties of the heated meat systems. \n\nThe cross-linking efficiency of a novel Trichoderma reesei tyrosinase was compared to that of the commercial Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. Trichoderma tyrosinase was found to be superior compared to the Agaricus enzyme in its protein cross-linking efficiency and in the incorporation of a small molecule into a complex proteinaceous substrate. \n\nTyrosinase, laccase and TG all polymerised myofibrillar proteins, but laccase was also found to cause protein fragmentation. A positive connection between covalent cross-link and gel formation was observed with tyrosinase and TG. Laccase was able to increase the gel formation only slightly. With an excessive laccase dosage the gel formation declined due to protein fragmentation. \n\nTyrosinase, laccase and TG had different effects on the texture and water-holding of the heated chicken breast meat homogenates. Tyrosinase improved the firmness of the homogenate gels free of phosphate and with a low amount of meat. TG improved the firmness of all studied homogenates. Laccase weakened the gel firmness of the low-meat, low-salt and low-salt/phosphate homogenates and maintained the firmness on the control level in the homogenate free of phosphate. Tyrosinase was the only enzyme capable of reducing the weight loss in the homogenates containing a low amount of meat and a low amount of NaCl. TG was the only enzyme that could positively affect the firmness of the homogenate gel containing both low NaCl and phosphate amounts. \n\nIn pilot scale the test products were made of coarsely ground chicken breast fillet with a moderate amount of salt. Increasining the amount of meat, salt and TG contents favoured the development of firmness of the test products. The evaporation loss decreased slightly along with increasing TG and NaCl amounts in the experimental conditions used, indicating a positive interaction between these two factors. \n\nIn this work it was shown that tyrosinase, laccase and TG affected the same myofibrillar proteins, i.e. myosin and troponin T. However, these enzymes had distinguishable effects on the gel formation of a myofibril system as well as on the textural and water-holding properties of the finely ground meat homogenates, reflecting distinctions at least in the reaction mechanisms and target amino acid availability in the protein substrates for these enzymes.
The Hand Is More Easily Fooled than the Eye: Users Are More Sensitive to Visual Interpenetration than to Visual-Proprioceptive Discrepancy (2006)

A virtual environment (VE) user's avatar may penetrate virtual objects. Some VE designers prevent visual interpenetration, assuming that prevention improves user experience. However, preventing visual avatar interpenetration causes a discrepancy between visual and proprioceptive cues. We investigated users' detection thresh-olds for visual interpenetration and visual-proprioceptive discrepancy and found that users are much less sensitive to visual-proprioceptive discrepancy than to visual interpenetration. We propose using this result to better deal with user penetration of virtual objects.
A Wavetrap-Based Decoupling Technique for 45° Polarized MIMO Antenna Arrays (2019)

A decoupling method using wavetrap technique for large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays consisting of 45° polarized patch antennas is presented and studied in this article. To achieve high isolation responses among the array elements, simple wavetrap structures are proposed and positioned around every single patch element. With the presented decoupling scheme, the strong mutual coupling between both adjacent and nonadjacent patch elements is suppressed to a low level. Theoretical and numerical studies are carried out to verify the decoupling performance of the proposed architecture. For demonstration purposes, two practical examples of 1 × 8 and 4 × 2 45° polarized arrays centered at 4.9 GHz are developed, fabricated, and measured. The results indicate that all mutual couplings among the arrays are significantly suppressed to almost less than -25 dB from 4.8 to 5.0 GHz, with a small insertion loss of around 0.7 dB, making the proposed decoupling scheme attractive and valuable for phased array and massive MIMO systems.
The NMR spectra of porphyrins: 22—Ring current effects in chlorins versus porphyrins (1983)

Abstract The proton NMR spectra of tetraphenylporphyrin, octaethylporphyrin and the analogous chlorins (7,8‐dihydroporphyrins) are presented, and the chemical shift changes on chlorin formation are interpreted using a ring current model. In these compounds a general 10% reduction in the ring current occurs upon chlorin formation. Similar comparison of the chemical shifts of the corresponding dications and also of the protonated form of 2‐vinylphylloerythrin methyl ester with the corresponding chlorin, methyl pyropheophorbide‐a, shows that chlorin formation now has a much larger effect on the ring current, this reflecting the increased steric effects within the macrocycle which occur upon protonation. Variable temperature studies on the porphyrins and chlorins examined show clearly the effect of NH exchange processes and, in particular, novel intermolecular exchange processes with trifluoroacetic acid in the protonated species are recorded.
Structure and metabolism of rat liver heparan sulphate (1977)

Rat liver cells grown in primary cultures in the presence of [(35)S]sulphate synthesize a labelled heparan sulphate-like glycosaminoglycan. The characterization of the polysaccharide as heparan sulphate is based on its resistance to digestion with chondroitinase ABC or hyaluronidase and its susceptibility to HNO(2) treatment. The sulphate groups (including sulphamino and ester sulphate groups) are distributed along the polymer in the characteristic block fashion. In (3)H-labelled heparan sulphate, isolated after incubation of the cells with [(3)H]galactose, 40% of the radioactive uronic acid units are l-iduronic acid, the remainder being d-glucuronic acid. The location of heparan sulphate at the rat liver cell surface is demonstrated; part of the labelled polysaccharide can be removed from the cells by mild treatment with trypsin or heparitinase. Further, a purified plasma-membrane fraction isolated from rats previously injected with [(35)S]sulphate contains radioactively labelled heparan sulphate. A proteoglycan macromolecule composed of heparan sulphate chains attached to a protein core can be solubilized from the membrane fraction by extraction with 6m-guanidinium chloride. The proteoglycan structure is degraded by treatment with papain, Pronase or alkali. The production of heparan [(35)S]sulphate by rat liver cells incubated in the presence of [(35)S]sulphate was followed. Initially the amount of labelled polysaccharide increased with increasing incubation time. However, after 10h of incubation a steady state was reached where biosynthetic and degradative processes were in balance.
Synthesis of 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine containing tritiated delta opioid-receptor selective antagonist dipeptide ligands with extraordinary affinity (1998)

A new class of δ opioid antagonists was recently discovered in which the sequence Tyr-Tic was used as a message domain. The substitution of Tyr1 by Dmt enhanced the δ selectivity and antagonist activity. The excellent properties of these ligands stimulated us to prepare the corresponding tritiated derivatives. Peptides containing Tic at position 2 undergo spontaneous diketopiperazine formation in some solvents, with a reduction in opioid activity. To avoid this side-reaction we synthesised the N,N-dimethylated analogue (N,N(Me)2-Dmt-Tic-OH), which was found to be stable. On the basis of this result, we prepared diiodinated analogues of H-Dmt-Tic-OH and N,N(Me)2-Dmt-Tic-OH to undergo catalytic dehalotritiation. Products of high specific radioactivity were obtained: 44.67 Ci/mmol for [3H]Dmt-Tic-OH and 59.88 Ci/mmol for [3H]N,N(Me)2-Dmt-Tic-OH. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A wireless sensing platform for battery-free sensors (2008)

This paper presents an inductive telemetry platform system for the continuous, real-time and simultaneous remote measurement in harsh environment of multiple parameters. Based on an efficient algorithm used for system identification purpose a readout unit for passive telemetric environment is proposed. Tests show promising results at mutual coil distances up to 5 cm.
Detection of Separated Analytes in Subnanoliter Volumes Using Coaxial Thermal Lensing (2007)

A collinear-beam thermal lens detector has been constructed and its properties were characterized. Its application to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of a mixture of five anthraquinone dyes dissolved in water shows a linear response over 3.5 orders of magnitude and a detection limit that is subnanomolar in the dye concentrations. These results are compared with those obtained previously using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) in a Brewster's angle flow cell (Bechtel, K. L.; Zare, R. N.; Kachanov, A. A.; Sanders, S. S.; Paldus, B. A. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 1177-1182). The peak-to-peak baseline noise of the thermal lensing detection is 3.5 x 10(-8) absorbance units (AU) with a path length of 200 microm, whereas the peak-to-peak baseline noise of CRDS detection is approximately 2 x 10(-7) AU with a path length of 300 microm. Both of these figures of merit should be compared to the peak-to-peak baseline noise of one of the best commercial UV-vis HPLC detection systems, which is approximately 5 x 10(-6) AU with a path length of 10 mm (1-s integration time). Therefore, the thermal lensing technique has a demonstrated sensitivity of subnanomolar detection that is approximately 140 times better than that of the best commercial UV-vis detector and approximately 5 times better than that of CRDS.
A Rigid Naphthalenediimide Triangle for Organic Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

Molecular triangles containing naphthalenediimide redox-active units are employed as promising active materials for organic lithium-ion batteries. In addition to exceptional low-rate performance, a capacity of 71.1 mAh g−1 is maintained at 10 C after 300 cycles. The performance of these organic compounds exists in contrast to a control naphthalenediimide monomer, which lacks the same shape-persistent structure. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.