gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seminal vesicle involvement at salvage radical prostatectomy (2013)

SVI is a prognostic indicator for BCR after SRP, but local recurrence in patients with SVI after SRP remains low. We recommend SV biopsy to improve staging and cancer detection in men with BCR after radiotherapy.
Accurate Measurements of a Wavelength Drift in High-Temperature Silica-Fiber Bragg Gratings (2021)

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are extensively used to perform high-temperature measurements in harsh environments, however the drift of the characteristic Bragg wavelength affects their long-term stability resulting in an erroneous temperature measurement. Herein we report the most precise and accurate measurements of wavelength drifts available up to date on high-temperature FBGs. The measurements were performed with a set of packaged π-phase-shifted FBGs for high wavelength resolution, in caesium and sodium pressure-controlled heat pipes for stable temperature environment and with a tunable laser for stable wavelength measurements with a 0.1 pm resolution. Using this dataset we outline the experimental caveats that can lead to inconsistent results and confusion in measuring wavelength drifts, namely: influence of packaging; interchangeability of FBGs produced under identical conditions; birefringence of π-phase-shifted FBGs; initial transient behaviour of FBGs at constant temperature and dependence on the previous thermal history of FBGs. In addition, we observe that the wavelength stability of π-phase-shifted gratings at lower temperature is significantly improved upon by annealing at higher temperature. The lowest value of the wavelength drift we obtain is +0.014 pm·h−1 at 600 °C (corresponding to +0.001 °C·h−1) after annealing for 400 h at 1000 °C, the longest annealing time we have tried. The annealing time required to achieve the small drift rate is FBG-specific.
MrgC agonism at central terminals of primary sensory neurons inhibits neuropathic pain (2013)

Chronic neuropathic pain is often refractory to current pharmacotherapies. The rodent Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor subtype C (MrgC) shares substantial homogeneity with its human homologue, MrgX1, and is located specifically in small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. However, evidence regarding the role of MrgC in chronic pain conditions has been disparate and inconsistent. Accordingly, the therapeutic value of MrgX1 as a target for pain treatment in humans remains uncertain. Here, we found that intrathecal injection of BAM8-22 (a 15-amino acid peptide MrgC agonist) and JHU58 (a novel dipeptide MrgC agonist) inhibited both mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in rats after an L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Intrathecal JHU58-induced pain inhibition was dose dependent in SNL rats. Importantly, drug efficacy was lost in Mrg-cluster gene knockout (Mrg KO) mice and was blocked by gene silencing with intrathecal MrgC siRNA and by a selective MrgC receptor antagonist in SNL rats, suggesting that the drug action is MrgC dependent. Further, in a mouse model of trigeminal neuropathic pain, microinjection of JHU58 into ipsilateral subnucleus caudalis inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity in wild-type but not Mrg KO mice. Finally, JHU58 attenuated the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency both in medullary dorsal horn neurons of mice after trigeminal nerve injury and in lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons of mice after SNL. We provide multiple lines of evidence that MrgC agonism at spinal but not peripheral sites may constitute a novel pain inhibitory mechanism that involves inhibition of peripheral excitatory inputs onto postsynaptic dorsal horn neurons in different rodent models of neuropathic pain.
A contribution to microassembly: a study of capillary forces as a gripping principle (2004)

La tendance à la miniaturisation des produits n'est pas sans influence sur l'évolution de leurs moyens de production et d'assemblage. En effet, dû à la réduction d'échelle, l'assemblage de petits composants (appelé microassemblage) est perturbé par les forces de surface comme les forces de capillarité. Ces forces, exercées par le pont liquide reliant manipulateur et composant, sont habituellement négligeables (et négligées) dans l'assemblage conventionnel dominé par les forces de gravité. L'approche originale suivie dans ce travail consiste à tirer parti de ces effets et à les utiliser pour la manipulation de microcomposants, c'est-à-dire de composants dont la taille va de quelques dizaines de microns à quelques millimètres. Ce travail tente donc d'apporter quelques réponses aux problèmes de conception posés par un tel choix: quels sont les avantages d'une telle approche? Comment ces forces `fonctionnent-elles'? Sont-elles suffisamment grandes pour manipuler des microcomposants? Comment, dans ce cas, relâcher le composant? Quel rôle la tension de surface joue-t-elle? En quoi le choix des matériaux est-il important? Comment optimiser la conception du manipulateur? Tout au long de ce travail, le lecteur trouvera un inventaire des principes de manipulation existants, les éléments nécessaires à la modélisation des forces de capillarité, ainsi que la description de la simulation et du banc d'essai développés par l'auteur dans le but d'étudier ces paramètres de conception. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse recouvrent essentiellement deux thèmes: quelles sont les règles de conception à suivre pour maximiser les forces de capillarité (problème de la préhension) et comment choisir une stratégie de relâche adéquate (problème de la relâche)?
Esophagorespiratory Fistulas (2016)

We conclude that survival in malignant ERF is better with surgical intervention in selected patients. Surgical and nonsurgical techniques achieve similar survival in benign ERF, but reintervention is more common in those treated endoscopically.
Supplemental Table S1 from Plasma KIM-1 Is Associated with Recurrence Risk after Nephrectomy for Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Research Group (E2805) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sensitivity analysis AFT model for DFS with imputation of KIM-1 levels below lower limit of detection (9.1 pg/mL)&lt;/p&gt;
Selective reduction of multifetal pregnancy using high‐intensity focused ultrasound in the rabbit model (2005)

In this pilot study HIFU seems promising to ablate even highly vascularized tissue in the fetus.
Preparation of Thermus thermophilus holo-chaperonin-immobilized microspheres with high ability to facilitate protein refolding (2000)

Carboxylated poly(styrene/acrylamide) (P(St/AAm)-H) microspheres with different acrylamide contents were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. Thermus thermophilus holo-chaperonin (cpn) was covalently immobilized onto these microspheres with high yield. The T. thermophilus holo-cpn-immobilized microspheres were used for refolding of guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl)-denatured enzymes and showed sufficiently high ability to facilitate refolding of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pig heart lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 30°C and Bacillus stearothermophilus LDH at 60°C. The specific ability of T. thermophilus holo-cpn-immobilized microspheres increased with increasing immobilization amount and reached plateau at around 10–15 mg/m2. When the immobilization amounts of T. thermophilus holo-cpn were approximately 10 mg/m2, the microspheres retained sufficiently high ability to facilitate protein refolding during repeated use. Therefore, the P(St/AAm)-H microspheres on which approximately 10 mg/m2 of T. thermophilus holo-cpn is immobilized are very effective for refolding of various (Gdn-HCl)-denatured enzymes over a wide temperature range. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 68: 184–190, 2000.
A Case of Aortic Dissection Associated with Cushing's Syndrome (2006)

Herein is reported the case of a 43-year-old woman, who experienced an acute aortic dissection associated with underlying Cushing's syndrome. The patient had central obesity and a moon face of ten years duration, but had never sought medical consultation. On the day of her presentation, she experienced a severe chest pain radiating to her back. Computed tomography revealed a Stanford type B acute aortic dissection and a left adrenal mass. From her hormonal study results, clinical symptoms and signs, she was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome, which was due to a left adrenal adenoma. After medical treatment to stabilize the aortic dissection, she underwent left adrenalectomy. The aortic lesion of the present patient suggests that hypercortisolemia arising from Cushing's syndrome might be related to the development of acute aortic dissection.
Supplementary File 3_Core Enriched Genes from Pathway-Enriched Gene Signature Associated with 53BP1 Response to PARP Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of core-enriched genes obtained from gene set enrichment analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
An RNA internal loop acts as a hinge to facilitate ribozyme folding and catalysis. (1997)

RNA molecules commonly consist of helical regions separated by internal loops, and in many cases these internal loops have been found to assume stable structures. We have examined the function and dynamics of an internal loop, J5/5a, that joins the two halves of the P4-P6 domain of the Tetrahymena self-splicing group I intron. P4-P6 RNAs with mutations in the J5/5a region showed nondenaturing gel electrophoretic mobilities and levels of Fe(II)-EDTA cleavage protection intermediate between those of wild-type RNA and a mutant incapable of folding into the native P4-P6 tertiary structure. Mutants with the least structured J5/5a loops behaved the most like wild-type P4-P6, and required smaller amounts of Mg2+ to rescue folding. The activity of reconstituted introns containing mutant P4-P6 RNAs correlated similarly with the nature of the J5/5a mutation. Our results suggest that, in solution, the P4-P6 RNA is in a two-state equilibrium between folded and unfolded states. We conclude that this internal loop mainly acts as a flexible hinge, allowing the coaxially stacked helical regions on either side of it to interact via specific tertiary contacts. To a lesser extent, the specific bases within the loop contribute to folding. Furthermore, it is crucial that the junction remain unstructured in the unfolded state. These conclusions cannot be derived from a simple examination of the P4-P6 crystal structure (Cate JH et al., 1996, Science 273:1678-1685), showing once again that structure determination must be supplemented with mutational and thermodynamic analysis to provide a complete picture of a folded macromolecule.
Development of c-plane thin-film flip-chip LEDs fabricated by photoelectrochemical (PEC) liftoff (2016)

We report a novel thin-film flip-chip (TF-FC) c-plane GaN LED design grown on bulk GaN. By way of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) undercut etch, LEDs are transferred from a bulk GaN substrate to a sapphire submount. As a first demonstration, the resulting LEDs have threshold voltages below 3V and a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.4% at a wavelength of 471 nm. These results are of LEDs without any growth and light extraction optimizations. Based on ray tracing modeling, light extraction of these LEDs is 25.1%. By roughening the N-face and incorporating a reflective silver mirror, the light extraction will improve to 75.5% based on modeling results. This threefold increase is expected to be reflected in an improvement in the EQE as well.
On the consistency of finite difference approximations of the Black–Scholes equation on nonuniform grids (2009)

The Black–Scholes equation has been used for modeling option pricing extensively. When the volatility of financial markets creates irregularities, the model equation is difficult to solve numerically; for this reason nonuniform grids are often used for greater accuracy. This paper studies the numerical consistency of popular explicit, implicit and leapfrog finite difference schemes for solving the Black–Scholes equation when nonuniform meshes are utilized. Mathematical tools including Taylor expansions are used throughout our analysis. The consistency ensures the basic reliability of the finite difference schemes based on choices of temporal and variable spatial derivative approximations. Truncation error terms are derived and discussed, and numerical experiments using C, C++ and Matlab are given to illustrate our discussions. We show that, though orders of accuracy are lower compared with their peers on uniform grids, nonuniform algorithms are easy to implement and use for turbulent financial markets.
Beyond The Current Paradigm: Recent Advances in The Understanding of Sodium Handling – Guest Editors: Stanley Shaldon and Joerg Vienken: Hyperosmolar Sodium Chloride, p38 Mitogen Activated Protein and Cytokine‐Mediated Inflammation (2009)

Although there is increasing clinical evidence that high salt intake contributes to cardiovascular events and deaths seemingly independent of hypertension, the molecular mechanism for increased atherogenesis remains unclear. Vessel wall inflammation secondary to proinflammatory cytokines is one mechanism for atherogenesis. The role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in cytokine production such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 are well established. The link between inflammation and salt intake likely includes p38 MAPK as hyperosmolar sodium chloride triggers phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and stimulates gene expression and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Hence a possible link of high salt intake, inflammation, and atherogenesis may be one molecular mechanism for the association of high salt intake and cardiovascular events.
Performance Evaluation of 802.16e in Vehicle to Vehicle Channels (2007)

Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications have drawn much attention in the past few years. The IEEE 802.16e standard systems can be considered potential candidates for these applications due to their attractive features, like high data rate, mobility support, etc. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of an 802.16e system with the OFDMA air interface in two non-stationary vehicle to vehicle (V2V) channels: an open area high traffic density (OHT) channel and an urban (UOC) channel. We first introduce the non-stationary V2V channel models developed from empirical data. Then we provide a brief overview of 802.16e and introduce three channel estimation schemes that apply to different scenarios. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the 802.16e system over the proposed non-stationary V2V channel models. We show that the proposed channel estimation methods provide a good tradeoff between channel estimation accuracy and computational complexity. We also illustrate that system performance in non-stationary channels is more volatile than in stationary channels.
Chemical modulation of transcriptionally enriched signaling pathways to optimize the conversion of fibroblasts into neurons (2019)

Direct conversion of human somatic fibroblasts into induced neurons (iNs) allows for the generation of functional neurons while bypassing any stem cell intermediary stages. Although iN technology has an enormous potential for modeling age-related diseases, as well as therapeutic approaches, the technology faces limitations due to variable conversion efficiencies and a lack of thorough understanding of the signaling pathways directing iN conversion. Here, we introduce a new all-in-one inducible lentiviral system that simplifies fibroblast transgenesis for the two pioneer transcription factors, Ngn2 and Ascl1, and markedly improves iN yields. Further, our timeline RNA-Seq data across the course of conversion has identified signaling pathways that become transcriptionally enriched during iN conversion. Small molecular modulators were identified for four signaling pathways that reliably increase the yield of iNs. Taken together, these advances provide an improved toolkit for iN technology and new insight into the mechanisms influencing direct iN conversion.
Application-specific integrated lenses and filters for microdisplays using electrically switchable Bragg grating technology (2000)

A new solid state optical device technology - Electrically Switchable Bragg Grating (ESBG) technology - based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC), is being applied in Application Specific Integrated Lenses (ASILs) and Filters (ASIFs). These devices, also referred to as E-Lenses and E-Filters, are essentially stacks or laminates of intrinsically thin ESBGs encapsulated using transparent substrates. ASILs and ASIFs provide a basic colour sequential switching technology that directly challenges optical mechanical solutions such as color wheels. ASILs and ASIFs have no moving parts; they are completely solid state and silent in operation. They offer the benefits of holographic optical elements in terms of being able to compress conventional optical systems into compact and lightweight form factors. Since their switching speed is fast enough for colour sequential operation, colour dispersion can be controlled. They will have a major impact on the complexity and cost of a broad gamut of microdisplay applications, including projection and near-eye. The paper reviews the role of ASILs and ASIFs in both areas, with reference to design concepts currently in development.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Discovery of β2 Adrenergic Receptor Ligands Using Biosensor Fragment Screening of Tagged Wild-Type Receptor. (2013)

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the primary target class of currently marketed drugs, accounting for about a quarter of all drug targets of approved medicines. However, almost all the screening efforts for novel ligand discovery rely exclusively on cellular systems overexpressing the receptors. An alternative ligand discovery strategy is a fragment-based drug discovery, where low molecular weight compounds, known as fragments, are screened as initial starting points for optimization. However, the screening of fragment libraries usually employs biophysical screening methods, and as such, it has not been routinely applied to membrane proteins. We present here a surface plasmon resonance biosensor approach that enables, cell-free, label-free, fragment screening that directly measures fragment interactions with wild-type GPCRs. We exemplify the method by the discovery of novel, selective, high affinity antagonists of human 2 adrenoceptor.
On the Cryptanalysis of Public-Key Cryptography (2011)

Nowadays, the most popular public-key cryptosystems are based on either the integer factorization or the discrete logarithm problem. The feasibility of solving these mathematical problems in practice is studied and techniques are presented to speed-up the underlying arithmetic on parallel architectures. The fastest known approach to solve the discrete logarithm problem in groups of elliptic curves over finite fields is the Pollard rho method. The negation map can be used to speed up this calculation by a factor √2. It is well known that the random walks used by Pollard rho when combined with the negation map get trapped in fruitless cycles. We show that previously published approaches to deal with this problem are plagued by recurring cycles, and we propose effective alternative countermeasures. Furthermore, fast modular arithmetic is introduced which can take advantage of prime moduli of a special form using efficient "sloppy reduction." The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated by solving a 112-bit elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem using a cluster of PlayStation 3 game consoles: breaking a public-key standard and setting a new world record. The elliptic curve method (ECM) for integer factorization is the asymptotically fastest method to find relatively small factors of large integers. From a cryptanalytic point of view the performance of ECM gives information about secure parameter choices of some cryptographic protocols. We optimize ECM by proposing carry-free arithmetic modulo Mersenne numbers (numbers of the form 2M – 1) especially suitable for parallel architectures. Our implementation of these techniques on a cluster of PlayStation 3 game consoles set a new record by finding a 241-bit prime factor of 21181 – 1. A normal form for elliptic curves introduced by Edwards results in the fastest elliptic curve arithmetic in practice. Techniques to reduce the temporary storage and enhance the performance even further in the setting of ECM are presented. Our results enable one to run ECM efficiently on resource-constrained platforms such as graphics processing units.
Interaction of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator with human endothelial cells. (1990)

The interaction of urokinase-type plasminogen activators with receptors on the surface of endothelial cells may play an important role in the regulation of fibrinolysis and cell migration. Therefore, we investigated whether human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express receptors for single-chain urokinase (scu-PA) on the cell surface and examined the effect of such binding on plasminogen activator activity. Binding of 125I-labeled scu-PA to HUVEC, performed at 4 degrees C, was saturable, reversible, and specific (k+1 4 +/- 1 X 10(6) min-1 M-1, k-1 6.2 +/- 1.4 X 10(-3) min-1, Kd 2.8 +/- 0.1 nM; Bmax 2.2 +/- 0.1 X 10(5) sites/cell; mean +/- S.E.). Binding of radiolabeled scu-PA was inhibited by both natural and recombinant wild-type scu-PA, high molecular weight two-chain u-PA (tcu-PA), catalytic site-inactivated tcu-PA, an amino-terminal fragment of u-PA (amino acids 1-143), and a smaller peptide (amino acids 4-42) corresponding primarily to the epidermal growth factor-like domain. Binding was not inhibited by low molecular weight urokinase or by a recombinant scu-PA missing amino acids 9-45. Cell-bound scu-PA migrated at its native molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of plasminogen, scu-PA bound to endothelial cells generated greater plasmin activity than did scu-PA in the absence of cells. In contrast, when tcu-PA was added directly to HUVEC, sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable complexes formed with cell or matrix-associated plasminogen activator inhibitors with a loss of plasminogen activator activity. These studies suggest that endothelial cells in culture express high affinity binding sites for the epidermal growth factor domain of scu-PA. Interaction of scu-PA with these receptors may permit plasminogen activator activity to be expressed at discrete sites on the endothelial cell membrane.
[Mucosecretory and papillary intraductal tumors of the pancreas: clinicopathological considerations and radiological aspects including computed tomography symptomatology]. (1998)

Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas (IPMT) is an uncommon entity, defined as an intraductal papillary proliferation of mucin-producing epithelial cells. Since the original description of the disease by Ohhashi in 1982, the definition and the classification of the disease has remained confused until the recently published classification of the World Health Organisation (WHO). The purpose of this article is therefore to report the clinico-pathological features of IPMT according to the WHO classification, to illustrate the radiological features especially the computed tomographic signs and to discute of the treatment.
Forward error correction in dispersion-limited lightwave systems (1988)

A rate 0.964 forward error correcting (FEC) code is integrated into the low-speed tributaries of a 565-Mb/s lightwave system as an exploratory system design approach toward relaxing requirements on laser sources in dispersion-limited operation. By virtually removing error rate floors, regardless of their cause, FEC is shown to provide an increasing advantage in conditions of greater degradation and to be effective against mode partition noise (MPN), mode jumping, and reflection impairments.The experimental FEC code is implemented in a standard gate array. The FEC code is described and its performance is analyzed. A new system design strategy is suggested for low-cost gigabit lightwave systems using FEC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>