gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and the Model of Resistive Random Access Memory Switching of the Ti/TiO2Resistive Material Depending on the Thickness of Ti (2011)

The effects of the reactive Ti layer on the resistive switching characteristics of TiN/Ti/TiO2/TiN resistive random access memory (ReRAM) are investigated. Nitridation at the top region of Ti during reactive sputtering of the TiN layer and oxygen gettering of Ti from TiO2 make the TiON/TiO2-x interface. It results in TiO2 with a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies during metal alloy annealing, resulting in the low-initial-resistance state. This leads to a stable bipolar switching after the first set process. A larger thickness of Ti decreases resistance value in the high-resistance state, which enables the adjustment of on/off resistance ratio.
Main enablers for advanced interference mitigation (2011)

Interference mitigation is currently one of the main challenges for cellular mobile radio systems and one promising approach are coordinated multipoint transmission techniques like joint precoding (JP), currently being analyzed within the 3GPP CoMP study item (SI). A previous LTE Release 10 CoMP study item concentrated on low complex intra eNB cooperation resulting in limited performance gains, easily being spoiled in case of realistic channel estimation and feedback assumptions. Within the European Union founded project Artist4G the focus is on main enablers for JP CoMP, providing considerable system level gains simultaneously with effective channel estimation and feedback. The so-called partial CoMP scheme for user centric clustering is introduced, approaching theoretical cooperation gains for practical systems. To overcome channel state information (CSI) outdating and simultaneously minimizing feedback overhead a model based channel prediction concept is proposed. It uses reporting of 3-dimensional UE locations with respect to a building vector data model instead of explicit or implicit channel components.
Physical aging of linear and network epoxy resins (1981)

Abstract Network and linear epoxy resins principally based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A and its oligomers have been prepared and studied. Both diamine and anhydride crosslinking agents were utilized. In addition, some rubber modified epoxies and a carbon fiber reinforced composite was investigated. All of these materials display time‐dependent changes in many of their properties when they are stored (following quenching) at temperatures below their glass transition temperature (sub‐ T g annealing). For example, the degree of stress relaxation for a given time period is observed to decrease in a linear fashion with the logarithm of time during sub‐ T g annealing. Young's modulus and yield stress were also found to increase ire physical aging. Solvent sorption experiments initiated after different sub‐ T g annealing times have demonstrated that the rate of solvent uptake can be indirectly related to the free volume of the epoxy resins. The effect of water on the physical aging of these epoxy resins was not found to be a significant variable. Residual thermal stresses were also found to have little effect on the physical aging process, although this variable was not studied in detail. Finally, the physical aging process also affected the sub‐ T g properties of uniaxial carbon fiber reinforced epoxy material and the effects were as expected. The importance of the recovery or physical aging phenomenon, which affects the durability of epoxy glasses, is considered in view of the widespread applications for these resins as structural materials.
The big data ecosystem at LinkedIn (2013)

The use of large-scale data mining and machine learning has proliferated through the adoption of technologies such as Hadoop, with its simple programming semantics and rich and active ecosystem. This paper presents LinkedIn's Hadoop-based analytics stack, which allows data scientists and machine learning researchers to extract insights and build product features from massive amounts of data. In particular, we present our solutions to the ``last mile'' issues in providing a rich developer ecosystem. This includes easy ingress from and egress to online systems, and managing workflows as production processes. A key characteristic of our solution is that these distributed system concerns are completely abstracted away from researchers. For example, deploying data back into the online system is simply a 1-line Pig command that a data scientist can add to the end of their script. We also present case studies on how this ecosystem is used to solve problems ranging from recommendations to news feed updates to email digesting to descriptive analytical dashboards for our members.
Mastering double exposure process window aware OPC by means of virtual targets (2006)

This paper addresses a challenge to the concept of process window OPC (PWOPC) by investigating the dimensional control of effectively non-printing features to improve the process window (PW) of the primary layout. It is shown based on a double exposure (DE) alternating phase-shift mask (altPSM) process that neglecting the impact of final mask dimensions forming intermediate images in resist (which are subsequently removed with a second exposure) potentially leads to a significant variation in the available focus budget of neighboring linewidth-critical feature dimensions. Various rules-based and model-based options of introducing virtual OPC targets into the OPC flow are discussed as an efficient mean to allow the OPC to take process window considerations into account. The paper focuses especially on the mechanics of how in detail those virtual targets support the beneficial OPC convergence of affected edges. Finally, experimental proof is shown that introducing non-printing, virtual targets being considered as actual targets during OPC ensures enhanced through focus line width stability and hence making the OPC solution well aware of process window aspects.
Does Limited Internal Femoral Rotation Increase Peak Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain During a Simulated Pivot Landing? (2014)

Decreased range of internal femoral rotation results in greater ACL strain and may therefore increase the susceptibility to ACL rupture with athletic cutting and pivoting activities. Screening for a limited range of hip internal rotation should therefore become a component of not only ACL injury prevention programs but also evaluation protocols for those with ACL injuries and/or reconstructions.
The Protective Effects of Apigenin on Cognitive Function and The Brain Transcriptome in Old Mice (2021)

Abstract Age-related declines in cognitive function increase the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia, but select nutraceuticals (bioactive plant compounds) may hold promise for protecting the brain and improving cognitive function with age. Apigenin is a flavonoid nutraceutical found in chamomile and reported to inhibit multiple hallmarks of aging; however, it has not been studied in the context of brain aging specifically. We treated young (6 mo) and old (27 mo) C57BL/6N mice with apigenin (0.5 mg/mL in 0.2% carboxymethylcellulose) or control (0.2% carboxymethylcellulose) drinking water for 6 weeks. Then, we assessed cognitive function and performed RNA-seq to characterize global transcriptomic changes and potential mechanisms of action in the brain. We observed impaired novel object recognition (NOR) test performance (an index of learning/memory) in old vs. young control mice (P&amp;lt;0.0001), but old apigenin mice had ~3-fold higher NOR performance relative to old control mice (P=0.02). Transcriptomic analyses also showed age-associated gene expression changes related to immune function and inflammation, consistent with the established role of inflammation in brain aging. However, some of these key changes were reversed by apigenin. In fact, &amp;gt;300 genes were differentially expressed in old apigenin-treated mice vs. old controls, and the biological processes linked with these differences were related to innate and adaptive immune function, and cytokine and chemokine regulation. We are performing protein/signaling pathway analyses to elucidate downstream cellular changes associated with apigenin treatment, but our current results suggest apigenin may be a promising nutraceutical candidate for preventing brain aging.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at the Picomole Level of a DNA Adduct (2013)

We investigate the limit of detection for obtaining NMR data of a DNA adduct using modern microscale NMR instrumentation, once the adduct has been isolated at the picomole level. Eighty nanograms (130 pmol) of a DNA adduct standard, N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene 5′-monophosphate (AAF-dGMP), in 1.5 μL of D2O with 10% methanol-d4, in a vial, was completely picked up as a droplet suspended in a fluorocarbon liquid and loaded efficiently into a microcoil probe. This work demonstrates a practical manual method of droplet microfluidic sample loading, previously demonstrated using automated equipment, which provides a severalfold advantage over conventional flow injection. Eliminating dilution during injection and confining the sample to the observed volume produce the full theoretical mass sensitivity of a microcoil, comparable to that of a microcryo probe. With 80 ng, an NMR spectrum acquired over 40 h showed all of the resonances seen in a standard spectrum of AAF-dGMP, with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 10, despite broadening due to previously noted effects of conformational exchange. Even with this broadening to 5 Hz, a two-dimensional total correlation spectroscopy spectrum was acquired on 1.6 μg in 18 h. This work helps to define the utility of NMR in combination with other analytical methods for the structural characterization of a small amount of a DNA adduct.
A compact heat transfer model based on an enhanced Fourier law for\n analysis of frequency-domain thermoreflectance experiments (2015)

A recently developed enhanced Fourier law is applied to the problem of\nextracting thermal properties of materials from frequency-domain\nthermoreflectance (FDTR) experiments. The heat transfer model comprises\ncontributions from two phonon channels; one a high-heat-capacity diffuse\nchannel consisting of phonons of mean free path (MFP) less than a threshold\nvalue, and the other a low-heat-capacity channel consisting of phonons with MFP\nhigher than this value that travel quasi-ballistically over length scales of\ninterest. The diffuse channel is treated using the Fourier law, while the\nquasi-ballistic channel is analyzed using a second-order spherical harmonic\nexpansion of the phonon distribution function. A recent analysis of FDTR\nexperimental data suggested the use of FDTR in deriving large portions of the\nMFP accumulation function; however, it is shown here that the data can\nadequately be explained using our minimum-parameter model, thus highlighting an\nimportant limitation of FDTR experiments in exploring the accumulation function\nof bulk matter.\n
Roles of Adrenergic α1 and Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors in the Mediation of the Desynchronization Effects of Modafinil in a Mouse EEG Synchronization Model (2013)

These results suggest that modafinil-mediated desynchronization may be attributed to the activation of adrenergic α1R, and dopaminergic D1R and D2R in a model of EEG synchronization.
The Role of Endothelial Cells Differentiated from Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
IMMUNOMODULATORY FUNCTION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYALURONATE DELAYS ALLOGRAFT REJECTION AND IMPROVES SURVIVAL IN A RAT ACUTE KIDNEY REJECTION MODEL. (1998)

517 CD44 is an important T cell surface proteoglycan that mediates diverse T- cell functions including adhesion, homing, migration, activation and signal transduction. Its ligands include collagen, fibrinogen and hyaluronate (HA). Since HA can inhibit lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration in vitro, we assessed its immunomodulatory effects in the WF to LEW rat model of acute kidney allograft rejection. Male WF donor kidney was transplanted orthotopically into a male LEW recipient after receiving a unilateral nephrectomy on day O. Contralateral nephrectomy of the naive kidney was performed on day 5. Renal allograft rejection was defined as death due to uremia. Graft survival was estimated using a Kaplan Meier survival plot. Serum creatinine was measured on day 5 and day 30 in the control and experimental group as an index of allograft function. Control animals received either no treatment (n=4) or a low dose regimen of CsA alone (1mg/day s.c.) for 5 days from the day of transplantation (n=13). Experimental animals received CsA(1mg/day, s.c.) in combination with HA (100μg/day, i.p.) for 5 days (n=19). The mean survival of the no-treatment control group was 15±0.9 days while the CsA treated group rejected their graft at 21±4.8 days (mean± SD). FigureCombined HA+CsA treatment resulted in a significant prolongation of graft survival (mean survival 52.7±7.6 days) compared to animals receiving CsA alone. HA treatment alone (day 0-5) did not prolong graft survival (mean 7.5±0.64 days) (n=4). In both CsA and CsA+HA treated group serum creatinine measurements on day 7 were consistently low (0.56±01 1mg/dl vs. 0.85±0.36mg/dl). On day 30, however, the HA+CsA group had a significantly lower serum creatinine as compared to the CsA alone group(1.38±0.8mg/ml vs. 2.9±0.55mg/ml) (p<0.05). In additional experiments animals treated with either CsA alone or combined CsA and HA were harvested on day 7 in order to investigate renal allograft morphology using a modified BANFF scoring system. Each sample was assessed by an independent renal pathologist in a blinded fashion. The CsA group (n=3) had a mean score of 1.66±0.57 whereas in the HA+CsA group two renal allografts showed borderline changes according to BANFF and the third renal allograft showed a normal allograft morphology without any signs of allograft rejection. In conclusion, addition of short term low molecular HA treatment to a low dose CsA regimen significantly improved renal allograft survival in the rodent model of acute allograft rejection. Mechanisms of action include stimulation or blockade of the CD44 receptor, altered migration and adhesion behavior. Further work is required to elucidate the importance of the interaction of low molecular HA in mediating the inhibitory effect on the immune response.
Reducing frequency fluctuation in a Brillouin random fiber laser by a random fiber grating ring resonator (2022)

Frequency fluctuation is a major problem in high-precision metrology as real-time optical frequency measurement is not available with commercial photodetectors; alternatively, frequency-stabilized lasers as a reference are also not accessible in most laboratories. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a polarization-maintaining random fiber grating ring (PM-RFGR) resonator in a PM Brillouin random fiber laser (BRFL) to achieve sub-MHz frequency drift, which is measured by the optical beat of the random laser and the pump laser. Experimental results show that longitudinal modes are suppressed in the BRFL owing to the feedback of the RFGR resonating with one longitudinal mode of the random laser. The BRFL shows mode-hopping-free operation over 14.9 s due to the self-adjustment of random modes with small frequency difference to thermal and acoustic variations and self-injection locking through RFGR. As a result, a small frequency drift of ∼340 kHz with single-longitudinal mode is achieved in the BRFL enabled by the RFGR, which offers an all optical locking mechanism for optical frequency stabilization.
Chemoselectively addressable HCan building blocks in peptide synthesis:L-homocanaline derivatives (1998)

(S-2-amino-5-(aminooxy)pentanoic acid (L-homocanaline, HCan), a structural analogue of lysine, contains a reactive alkyloxyamine side chain and is therefore considered to react chemoselectively with carbonyl compounds by forming a kinetically stable oxime bond. The chemical synthesis of L-homocanaline starting from protected glutamic acid derivatives is described. Two orthogonally protected homocanaline derivatives were synthesized and their use in standard SPPS procedures was exemplified for the synthesis of a chemoselectively addressable cyclic peptide for use in TASP design. Moreover, the wide range of applications of this unique building block was demonstrated for the chemoselective ligation of an unprotected disaccharide to a HCan containing model peptide resulting in a chimeric glycopeptide structure.
Airway injury resulting from repeated endotracheal intubation: Possible prevention strategies* (2010)

Repeated intubation alone results in significant tracheal trauma and systemic inflammation. Intravenous but not inhaled steroids attenuated the injury.
Plutonium Oxidation and Subsequent Reduction by Mn(IV) Minerals in Yucca Mountain Tuff (2006)

Plutonium oxidation state distribution on Yucca Mountain tuff and synthetic pyrolusite (beta-MnO2) suspensions was measured using synchrotron X-ray micro-spectroscopy and microimaging techniques as well as ultrafiltration/solventextraction techniques. Plutonium sorbed to the tuff was preferentially associated with manganese oxides. For both Yucca Mountain tuff and synthetic pyrolusite, Pu(IV) or Pu(V) was initially oxidized to more mobile Pu(V/VI), but over time, the less mobile Pu(IV) became the predominant oxidation state of the sorbed Pu. The observed stability of Pu(IV) on oxidizing surfaces (e.g., pyrolusite), is proposed to be due to the formation of a stable hydrolyzed Pu(IV) surface species. These findings have important implications in estimating the risk associated with the geological burial of radiological waste in areas containing Mn-bearing minerals, such as at the Yucca Mountain or the Hanford Sites, because plutonium will be predominantly in a much less mobile oxidation state (i.e., Pu(IV)) than previously suggested (i.e., Pu(V/VI).
In aqua vivo EPID dosimetry (2011)

With the in aqua vivo approach for the verification of lung cancer treatments (IMRT and VMAT), we can achieve results with the same accuracy as obtained during in vivo EPID dosimetry of sites without large inhomogeneities.
Recent developments in effector biology of filamentous plant pathogens (2010)

In the article by Oliva et al. (2010), two citation errors appeared in Table 1. In Table 1, row 1 (RXLR motif), the incorrect citation: Dou et al. (2008) Conserved C-terminal motifs required for avirulence and suppression of cell death by Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b. Plant Cell20: 1118–1133 was used. It should be: Dou, D., Kale, S.D., Wang, X., Jiang, R.H., Bruce, N.A., Arredondo, F.D., Zhang, X., Tyler, B.M. (2008b) RXLR-mediated entry of Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b into soybean cells does not require pathogen-encoded machinery. Plant Cell20: 1930–1947. In the W-Box, L-Box, Y-Box in Table 1, row 2, the following key reference should be added: Dou, D., Kale, S.D., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Jiang, R.H., Arredondo, F.D., Anderson, R.G., Thakur, P.B., McDowell, J.M., Wang, Y., Tyler, B.M. (2008a) Conserved C-terminal motifs required for avirulence and suppression of cell death by Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b. Plant Cell20: 1118–1133. The authors apologize for this oversight.
Design of static resilient WDM mesh networks with multiple heuristic criteria (2003)

We present a heuristic method to optimize the capacity of a WDM mesh network assigning working and protection capacity to a set of static optical-connection requests under the link-disjoint constraint. The method can be applied to networks supporting either dedicated or shared path-protection. Routing and fiber and wavelength assignment (RFWA) are jointly performed for all the lightpaths with the aim of minimizing the number of fibers in the network. The employment of multiple prioritized heuristic criteria and an efficient link disjoint paths search algorithm are proposed. With less computational effort, the proposed heuristic approach allows one to obtain good suboptimal results compared to the exact integer-linear-programming optimization. After introducing our design approach, we discuss the optimization of particular case-study networks under various conditions and compare the results.
Poly(Desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine Carbonate Ethyl Ester) Studied by XPS (2002)

Pseudo-poly(amino acids) are synthetic biodegradable polymers made from natural metabolites. The use of natural metabolites for the synthesis of biomedical materials originated from the concern about the possible toxicity of the degradation products of biodegradable materials. Here we present the surface characterization of poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine carbonate ethyl ester), a polymer made from tyrosine (an amino acid) and desaminotyrosine (a natural metabolite occurring in plants). X-ray photoemission spectra of poly(desamino-tyrosyl-tyrosine carbonate ethyl ester) are presented. Low resolution spectra (survey scan), and high resolution spectra (C ls, N 1s, and O ls regions) were collected with a Surface Science Instruments SSX-lOO spectrometer. The composition of this polymer by XPS was in good agreement with the stoichiometry of its repeating unit. This can be seen by examining the experimental O/C and N/C ratios, 0.274 and 0.054, respectively, with the expected values of 0.286 and 0.048. This agreement is also seen from the high resolution C 1s peak fit when comparing the stoichiometric ratios (excluding the shake-up satellite) of C¯Hx:C¯–O/C¯–N:O=C¯–O–C:(O) 2–C¯=O (14:4:1:1:1) with the experimental values of 14:4.03:0.84:0.71:0.82.
Simultaneous light emission from cloned Vibrio fischeri lux genes and expression of LamB or LamB–protein A fusion proteins in Escherichia coli depends on using a single chimeric operon (1995)

Fusion proteins between LamB and immunoglobulin G binding domains of the Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA) have previously been shown to be located in the outer membrane and to convey immunoglobulin binding activity to intact Escherichia coli cells. However, the induced synthesis (tac promoter dependent) of these proteins severely impaired light production from the Vibrio fischeri lux operon present on a compatible plasmid and transcribed from its own control elements. Coordinate inducible expression of both phenomena, light emission and synthesis of LamB or LamB-SPA fusions, could be achieved by construction of artificial operons, joining all but luxl of the rightward lux operon to the 3' end of the LamB-spa expression cassettes, under transcriptional control of the tac promoter. Biotechnological applications are discussed. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.