gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systems Engineering Approach to Medical Automation (2008)

Medical automation is an emerging area that is bringing the efficiency tools and methods developed by our most successful corporations to the practice of medicine. Presenting a new systems engineering approach to controlling medical processes, this cutting-edge resource shows you how to reduce time, cost, and errors by at least 50%. The book offers you a solid understanding of medical automation principles and the latest applications in the field. You discover how computers and devices can be used to schedule personnel and services, and help maintain a just-in-time, lean, and more affordable medical services. You learn how to automate your pharmacy and laboratory services for maximum profit and minimum turnaround time. Moreover, this forward-looking book helps you determine how nanotechnology is evolving to solve difficult medical challenges. This practical volume explains how hospitals are automating their pharmacy supply systems to reduce waiting time for medications and virtually eliminate mis-dosing, delayed dosing, or incorrect dosing of patients. The book also shows you how to automate your clinical laboratory, helping you decrease the need for rapid (or STAT) testing, eliminate the shortage of trained medical technologists, and increase profitability without the need to increase costs.
Trusted Node QKD at an Electrical Utility (2021)

Challenges facing the deployment of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems in critical infrastructure protection applications include the optical loss-key rate tradeoff, addition of network clients, and interoperability of vendor-specific QKD hardware. Here, we address these challenges and present results from a recent field demonstration of three QKD systems on a real-world electric utility optical fiber network.
Structural determination of [C7H7O]+ ions in the gas phase by ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry (1983)

Abstract The [C 7 H 7 O] + ions from a series of compounds have been studied using ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. The techniques employed in this gas phase ion structure determination of [C 7 H 7 O] + were photodissociation, ion‐molecule reactions, and collisionally activated dissociation using a Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS‐CAD). In addition to the low energy FTMS‐CAD results, high energy CAD data obtained with a sector mass spectrometer is also provided. Evidence was found for five unique [C 7 H 7 O] + structures, including the hydroxybenzyl ion, the hydroxytropylium ion, the protonated benzaldehyde ion, the methylaryloxy ion and the phenyl methylene ether ion. Ion‐molecule reactions, invovling both proton transfer and methylene transfer, provided the most unambiguous results and yielded qualitative and quantitative evidence for the five structures. However, a combined approach using the three techniques was necessary to identify all of the structures. The tropylium form of [C 7 H 7 O] + was found to absorb strongly at 305 nm, while the protonated benzaldehyde ion was found to have a strong absorption band at 305 nm and a weak band at 370 nm. The proton affinity of 2,4,6‐cycloheptatrienone was determined to be 918±8 kJ mol −1 , which is considerably lower than a previously reported value. In addition, deprotonation reactions of the methylaryloxy ion yielded a proton affinity of 871±14 kJ mol −1 for 4‐methylenecyclohexa‐2,6‐diene‐1‐one.
Resilient X10 (2014)

Scale-out programs run on multiple processes in a cluster. In scale-out systems, processes can fail. Computations using traditional libraries such as MPI fail when any component process fails. The advent of Map Reduce, Resilient Data Sets and MillWheel has shown dramatic improvements in productivity are possible when a high-level programming framework handles scale-out and resilience automatically.
Quantitation of Cotinine in Nonsmoker Saliva Using Chip-Based Nanoelectrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A new analytical procedure was developed for the quantitation of nonsmoker salivary cotinine. Small volumes of saliva were diluted with water, fortified with cotinine-d3 (internal standard), then passed through small extraction columns. The analyte and internal standard were eluted with 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid/acetonitrile. Aliquots of each extract were analyzed directly, without chromatographic separation, using chip-based (NanoMate) nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. The calculated detection limit was 0.49 ng cotinine/mL saliva. This method was used to quantify salivary cotinine collected from nonsmoking human subjects living in one of three environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure categories or "cells": 1. smoking home/smoking workplace; 2. smoking home/nonsmoking workplace; and 3. nonsmoking home/smoking workplace. Samples were collected during five sequential days, including Saturday, as part of a larger study to evaluate potential variability in exposure to ETS. Salivary cotinine measurements were made for the purpose of excluding misclassified smokers and for comparison with known levels of exposure to airborne nicotine in each exposure category. The concentrations observed were consistent with those reported from other large studies reported elsewhere. A non-parametric statistical test was applied to the data within each cell. No statistically significant differences were found between the mean cotinine concentrations collected on a weekday as compared to those collected on a weekend day. When the non-parametric test was applied to the three cells, a statistically significant difference was observed between cell 1 compared to cells 2 and 3. The salivary cotinine concentrations were thus statistically invariant over a five-day exposure period, and they were greatest under the conditions of smoking home and smoking workplace.
Design of miniature HD–DVD optical pick-up head using a Penta prism (2005)

Abstract A novel design of HD–DVD optical pick-up head is proposed. The geometrical size of the pick-up head is reduced by using a combined system of a Penta prism and an aspherical lens. Such a combined system can replace the mirror and collimating lens in a conventional pick-up head, to achieve a miniature HD–DVD pick-up head.
Cellular activity of siRNA oligonucleotides containing synthetic isomorphic nucleoside surrogates (2014)

Singly and multiply modified synthetic siRNA oligonucleotides, containing isomorphic surrogate nucleobases, show high interference potency in cell culture, suggesting the highly isomorphic RNA alphabet, based on a thieno[3,4-d]-pyrimidine core, is tolerated well by the cellular silencing machinery.
Anion exchange dynamics in the capture of perchlorate by a cationic Ag-based MOF (2017)

We report a detailed study of the host-guest interaction for a cationic metal-organic framework that can reversibly capture perchlorate. The structural transformation and flexibility of silver 4,4'-bipyridine nitrate (SBN) upon formation of silver 4,4'-bipyridine perchlorate (SBP) was evaluated by monitoring the anion exchange dynamics using a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with multinuclear <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>109</sup>Ag solid-state NMR spectra at different time intervals of the anion exchange. The structural transformation from SBN to SBP is complete within 70 minutes and was determined to take place by a solvent-mediated process. This pathway is confirmed by the morphological changes of the two crystalline materials observed by SEM. This key understanding may lead to application of this material towards perchlorate capture.
Characterizing Task Scheduling Performance Based on Data Reuse (2016)

Through the past years, several scheduling heuristics were introduced to improve the performance of task-based ap-plications, with schedulers increasingly becoming aware of memory-related bottlenec ...
Multi-Sensor Cello Recordings for Instantaneous Frequency Estimation (2015)

Estimating the fundamental frequency (F0) of a signal is a well studied task in audio signal processing with many applications. If the F0 varies over time, the complexity increases, and it is also more difficult to provide ground truth data for evaluation. In this paper we present a novel dataset of cello recordings addressing the lack of reference annotations for musical instruments. Besides audio data, we include sensor recordings capturing the finger position on the fingerboard which is converted into an instantaneous frequency estimate. In speech processing, the electroglottograph (EGG) is able to capture the excitation signal of the vocal tract, which is then used to generate a reference instantaneous F0. Inspired by this approach, we included high speed video camera recordings to extract the excitation signal originating from the moving string. The derived data can be used to analyze vibratos --- a very commonly used playing style. The dataset is released under a Creative Commons license.
Analysis of the degree of importance of information using newspapers and questionnaires (2008)

Our objective is to estimate and clarify the factors that determine the degree of importance of information by extracting the words that characterize the degree of importance and to construct a system for automatically estimating this degree of importance. We studied the degree of importance of information by using machine learning. We first performed experiments using newspaper documents (D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> ). In this experiment, we assumed that a document on the front page or at the top of the front page is important. We were able to identify important documents with a precision of 0.9 by using machine learning. We found that in the case of a newspaper, the degree of importance can be estimated with high precision. Next, to estimate the degree of importance that people attach to a document, we conducted experiments using questionnaire data (D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</inf> ) as test data. In these experiments, the subjects were asked to identify which document from a pair was more important, and a high accuracy of 94% was obtained with more than 80% of them responding with the same answer. Furthermore, on using newspaper documents (D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> ) as training data, we could obtain (i) the same accuracy by using D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> only instead of using D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> with D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</inf> and (ii) a higher accuracy on using D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> and D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</inf> instead of using D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</inf> only. This observation is useful because preparing questionnaire data (D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</inf> ) can be an expensive process, whereas (D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> ) is free. Finally, we extracted the characteristic words that differentiated important information from less important information by calculating the parameters of the features in machine learning (maximum entropy (ME) method).
Lithium-induced akathisia responds to low-dose mianserin (1995)

A case of acute akathisia induced by lithium treatment is described. Since lithium administration leads to activation of serotonergic neurotransmission, the 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT3 antagonist mianserin was added as a possible anti-akathitic agent. Mianserin treatment (15 mg/day at 21.00 h) resulted in amelioration of the lithium-induced akathisia.
Power variability and its impact on design (2005)

Power is emerging as the next grand challenge in integrated circuit design. Impact of increasing power consumption can be seen from handheld device all the way to design of high end server microprocessors. Total power consumption is increasingly governed by exponentially increasing leakage power in newer process technologies. Along with increase in power consumption, the industry is also facing growing issues with inherent environmental and process variations. This growing variability has a tremendous impact on power and power variability. We review various issues with power variability and its impact on design.
PC1D version 4 for Windows: from analysis to design (1996)

A new, improved, version of the computer program PC1D is now available which is designed for the Windows/sup TM/ environment. PC1D is widely used to model the internal operation of crystalline solar cells. This paper presents a brief history of PC1D, followed by an illustration of the new features available in version 4, with an emphasis on how these features make it not only possible to analyze solar cells, but to extend into the regime of design. This is followed by a discussion of the unique finite-element numerical method used in PC1D and how this approach could be extended to two or three dimensions.
Delivery of time-critical messages using a multiple copy approach (1992)

Reliable and timely delivery of messages between processing nodes is essential in distributed real-time systems. Failure to deliver a message within its deadline usually forces the system to undertake a recovery action, which introduces some cost (or overhead) to the system. This recovery cost can be very high, especially when the recovery action fails due to lack of time or resources. Proposed in this paper is a scheme to minimize the expected cost incurred as a result of messages failing to meet their deadlines. The scheme is intended for distributed real-time systems, especially with a point-to-point interconnection topology. The goal of minimizing the expected cost is achieved by sending multiple copies of a message through disjoint routes and thus increasing the probability of successful message delivery within the deadline. However, as the number of copies increases, the message traffic on the network increases, thereby increasing the delivery time for each of the copies. There is therefore a tradeoff between the number of copies of each message and the expected cost incurred as a result of messages missing their deadlines. The number of copies of each message to be sent is determined by optimizing this tradeoff. Simulation results for a hexagonal mesh and a hypercube topology indicate that the expected cost can be lowered substantially by the proposed scheme.
A functional screen identifies miRNAs that inhibit DNA repair and sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in DNA repair pathways through transcriptional responses to DNA damaging agents or through predicted miRNA regulation of DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that additional DNA damage regulating miRNAs could be identified by screening a library of 810 miRNA mimetics for the ability to alter cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). A prostate cancer Metridia luciferase cell model was applied to examine the effects of individual miRNAs on IR sensitivity. A large percentage of miRNA mimetics were found to increase cellular sensitivity to IR, while a smaller percentage were protective. Two of the most potent IR sensitizing miRNAs, miR-890 and miR-744-3p, significantly delayed IR induced DNA damage repair. Both miRNAs inhibited the expression of multiple components of DNA damage response and DNA repair. miR-890 directly targeted MAD2L2, as well as WEE1 and XPC, where miR-744-3p directly targeted RAD23B. Knock-down of individual miR-890 targets by siRNA was not sufficient to ablate miR-890 radiosensitization, signifying that miR-890 functions by regulating multiple DNA repair genes. Intratumoral delivery of miR-890 mimetics prior to IR therapy significantly enhanced IR therapeutic efficacy. These results reveal novel miRNA regulation of DNA repair and identify miR-890 as a potent IR sensitizing agent.
Blockade of melanocortin transmission inhibits cocaine reward (2005)

Melanocortins and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) are enriched in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region that has been implicated in the rewarding action of cocaine and other drugs of abuse. In the present study we use a number of rat behavioral models to show that infusion of a melanocortin peptide antagonist into the nucleus accumbens blocks the reinforcing, incentive motivational, and locomotor sensitizing effects of cocaine. We also show that locomotor responses to repeated cocaine exposure are completely blocked in MC4-R null mutant mice and reduced in Agouti mice that overexpress an endogenous inhibitor of melanocortins in the brain. The results also demonstrate that cocaine administration increases the expression of MC4-R in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, and that MC4-R is co-localized with prodynorphin in medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Together, these findings indicate that the behavioral actions of cocaine are dependent on activation of MC4-R, and suggest that upregulation of this receptor by drug exposure may contribute to sensitization of these behavioral responses. Modulation of cocaine reward is a novel action of the melanocortin-MC4-R system and could be targeted for the development of new medications for cocaine addiction.
Increasing Power Density of LSGM-Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using New Anode Materials (2001)

Chemical reactions between the superior perovskite oxide-ion conductor Sr- and Mg-doped (LSGM), and NiO have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The results showed that an extensive reactivity occurs as a result of La migration driven by a gradient of La chemical activity. La migration across the LSGM/electrode interfaces in a fuel cell leads to the formation of resistive phases at the interface, either or Use of 40 mol % -doped as an interlayer between anode and electrolyte as well as in the NiO-containing anode prevents all reactions found. Consequently, the air- cell maximum power density was increased to nearly 900 mW/cm2 at 800°C with a 600 μm thick LSGM electrolyte. No sign of degradation was observed at 800°C over 2 weeks for an interlayered cell under a loading current density of 250 mA/cm2. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Alkylsiloxane self-assembled monolayer formation guided by nanoimprinted Si and SiO2 templates (2006)

Alkylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were formed on surface relief created by nanoimprinting and etching recesses into Si and SiO2. Rather than exhibiting the isolated domains seen on unpatterned surfaces after limited formation time, the SAM on nanoimprinted surfaces became continuous and uniform after only a short (∼5–10min) reaction time. The hydrocarbon chains are densely packed and nearly vertically oriented. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy indicates complete hydrolysis and elimination of Cl from the octadecyltrichlorosilane precursor. The results suggest that the pattern edges enhance the nucleation rate, leading to the rapid coverage, and provide in-plane order within the SAM.
Relationship of Retinal Vascular Caliber With Diabetes and Retinopathy (2008)

Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers are larger in individuals with diabetes, but the pattern of associations appears to vary by ethnicity. Retinal venular caliber is additionally associated with retinopathy signs. These findings add further to the concept that variations in retinal vascular caliber may reflect early diabetic microvascular damage.
Optimal assignment of autonomic managers to cloud resources (2015)

There has been an increasing number of companies moving towards cloud computing due to its economic model based on the so-called pay-as-you-go. The cloud is known as a dynamic and scalable environment. These characteristics make the management of this environment a complex task. Using autonomic management potentially helps to solve the complexity of managing large number of provisioned cloud resources. Since using one autonomic manager (AM) might result on inefficiency in the management of the system, we propose in this paper to use a decentralized approach for autonomic management. The problem that we are solving herein is to determine how many AMs to use in order to maximize the performance of the management and minimize the cost of the used AMs. We propose a mathematical model that allows to determine the optimal assignment of resources and AMs in different availability zones taking into account the different costs of the involved AMs as well as the communication overhead. We also give an overview of the implementation of the proposed mathematical model.
Chronic Photodamage in Skin of Mast Cell-deficient Mice (1999)

Abstract. Solar elastosis is a hallmark of photoaged human skin and a prominent feature in experimentally produced photoaging in murine skin. The products of mast cells have been implicated in the development of photoaged skin. We evaluated whether products from mast cells mediate chronic UVB-induced changes in murine skin by employing a strain of mast cell-deficient mice, WWv. The responses in these mice were compared to those in BALB/c, another albino mouse strain. Mice were exposed three times per week to UVB radiation for 11 weeks; the total dose was 18.8 J/cm2. Irradiated WWv mice showed greater epidermal alterations than the irradiated BALB/c mice. In the dermis, a 3.6-fold increase in elastin content, as measured by desmosine, was produced in the UVB-treated BALB/c mice; in contrast, no difference was observed in elastin between UVB-treated and untreated WWv mice. Collagen content was not increased by UVB treatment in either strain, and the glycosaminoglycan content increased a similar amount in UVB-treated mice in both strains. The number of mast cells increased twofold and the number of neutrophils increased six-fold in UVB-treated BALB/c mice compared to age-matched unirradiated controls. Neutrophils, as well as mast cells, were absent in untreated and UVB-treated WWv mouse skin. These results suggest that products of mast cells are important in the development of solar elastosis in murine skin either by directly inducing elastin production by fibroblasts or indirectly by mediating the presence of other cell types that produce products that increase fibroblast elastin production.
Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Evolution of the DP region as deduced from nucleotide sequences of the four genes. (1987)

The DP region of the human major histocompatibility complex contains two alpha genes and two beta genes. The DP alpha 1 and beta 1 genes encode the expressed DP histocompatibility antigen molecule, while the DP alpha 2 and beta 2 genes are inactive in the haplotypes examined. Here we present the sequence of the two DP beta genes and of the expressed DP alpha 1 gene. Nucleotide sequence comparisons reveal a considerably greater degree of similarity between the two beta genes than between the two alpha genes. We propose that a duplication giving rise to the DP alpha gene pair evolutionarily preceded the corresponding DP beta gene duplication. We also propose, based on the orientation of other class II gene pairs, that the original DP molecule was encoded by the DP beta 1 and DP alpha 2 genes. At some stage during the evolution of the DP region both of the two pseudogenes appear to have been expressed.