gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnO Nanowires at Near-Neutral pH Conditions without Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA): Understanding the Role of HMTA in ZnO Nanowire Growth (2011)

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is an inexpensive and reproducible method for depositing ZnO nanowire arrays over large areas. The aqueous Zn(NO(3))(2)-hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) chemistry is one of the most common CBD chemistries for ZnO nanowire synthesis, but some details of the reaction mechanism are still not well-understood. Here, we report the use of in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to study HMTA adsorption from aqueous solutions onto ZnO nanoparticle films and show that HMTA does not adsorb on ZnO. This result refutes earlier claims that the anisotropic morphology arises from HMTA adsorbing onto and capping the ZnO {10 1 0} faces. We conclude that the role of HMTA in the CBD of ZnO nanowires is only to control the saturation index of ZnO. Furthermore, we demonstrate the first deposition of ZnO nanowire arrays at 90 °C and near-neutral pH conditions without HMTA. Nanowires were grown using the pH buffer 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and continuous titratation with KOH to maintain the same pH conditions where growth with HMTA occurs. This semi-batch synthetic method opens many new opportunities to tailor the ZnO morphology and properties by independently controlling temperature and pH.
Localization of nerve cells in the developing rat tooth (1997)

Earlier studies have shown that mammalian tooth formation can take place in the absence of peripheral nerve fibers. This has been taken to indicate that neurons are not needed for mammalian tooth development. However, our recent localization of peripherin, which is a neuronal cell marker, has suggested that neuronal cell bodies may be associated with developing teeth. In this study, we have analyzed in vivo and in vitro the presence of neuronal cells in developing rat tooth germs. When E14 and E16 rat first molars (thickening of presumptive dental epithelium and bud-stage tooth germ, respectively) were cultured in vitro, peripheral trigeminal axons degenerated. However, with antibodies against peripherin and L1 neural cell adhesion protein, we detected neuronal cell bodies and their axons in the explants. Next, the expression of neurofilament light-chain (NF-L) mRNAs was studied by in situ hybridization of embryonic E12 first branchial arches and tooth germs from initiation to completion of crown morphoge...
A new method for evaluating the real‐time residual seismic capacity of existing structures using accelerometers: Structures with multiple degrees of freedom (2018)

Abstract This paper presents a new method that involves the use of a double integral with a wavelet transform for computing the capacity curve of a system with multiple degrees of freedom. The displacement response of a building is derived from measurements of its acceleration, thus facilitating the assessment of the damage to the building as soon as possible after an earthquake. The validity of the method is assessed against existing shaking‐table results for a reinforced concrete structure.
Temperature effect on reflected laser probing signal of multiple elementary substructures (2014)

Electro-Optical Probing (EOP) has shown its efficiency in the world of failure analysis. The different external physical parameters effects, especially the temperature, on the EOP signals are not well known and not that much described in the literature. In addition to thermoreflectance, the temperature is a parameter that affects directly the free carrier's distribution and carrier mobilities inside the semiconductor. Temperature also modifies the absorption coefficient and not only the refractive index as known in the thermo-reflectance domain. All the physical and environmental parameters contribute to the modulation of the reflected laser probing beam onto structures under test. In this paper we will expose the origins of the reflected laser beam and the impact of the temperature on the EOP signal. For the first time, all the parameters, including temperature, have been taken into account. It opens the door of laser probing techniques improvements in failure analysis of submicron devices.
Molecular Size Dependence in Third Order Susceptibility of Evaporated Tin-Phthalocyanine Thin Film (1996)

Abstract Molecular size dependence in third order optical susceptibility χ(3) for evaporated tin-phthalocyanine thin film was examined by methods of a scanning electron microscope technique (SEM) and an optical third harmonic generation (THG) Maker-fringe technique. Evaporated molecular size influenced greatly the values of χ(3). The thicker molecular size grew, the greater values of χ(3) were. The values were greater with increasing the order orientation OA= A⊥/(A⊥+AII), whose preferential direction was parallel to the major axis of microcrystals.
Time-domain Generalization of Kron Reduction (2022)

Kron reduction is a network-reduction method that eliminates nodes with zero current injections from electrical networks operating in sinusoidal steady state. In the time domain, the state-of-the-art application of Kron reduction has been in networks with transmission lines that have constant R/L ratios. This paper considers RL networks without such restriction and puts forth a provably exact time-domain generalization of Kron reduction. Exemplifying empirical tests on a wye-delta network are provided to validate the analytical results.
HDAC6 Interacts With Poly (GA) and Modulates its Accumulation in c9FTD/ALS (2022)

The aberrant translation of a repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (<i>C9orf72</i>), the most common cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), results in the accumulation of toxic dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins in the central nervous system We have found that, among the sense DPR proteins, HDAC6 specifically interacts with the poly (GA) and co-localizes with inclusions in both patient tissue and a mouse model of this disease (c9FTD/ALS). Overexpression of HDAC6 increased poly (GA) levels in cultured cells independently of HDAC6 deacetylase activity, suggesting that HDAC6 can modulate poly (GA) pathology through a mechanism that depends upon their physical interaction. Moreover, decreasing HDAC6 expression by stereotaxic injection of antisense oligonucleotides significantly reduced the number of poly (GA) inclusions in c9FTD/ALS mice. These findings suggest that pharmacologically reducing HDAC6 levels could be of therapeutic value in c9FTD/ALS.
HomePlug Green PHY (2013)

HomePlug Green PHY is designed to enable smart grid applications using powerline as the communication medium. Since all appliances that consume electricity are already plugged into the powerline, Green PHY is a natural fit for such application. Green PHY also leverages the field proven and robust communication techniques used by HomePlug AV and IEEE 1901. Green PHY MAC Layer is based on HomePlug AV and eliminates several MAC features to reduce the cost and complexity. One of the key features in Green PHY is the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV)-electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE, a.k.a. charging station) association protocol for secure electric vehicle charging and billing. With the emerging emphasis on smart grids and intelligent energy networking, this chapter explains how the HomePlug Green PHY specification exploits HomePlug AV technologies and in particular the relatively lower bit rate but much more reliable ROBO modes. Controlled Vocabulary Terms electric vehicles; home networks; IEEE standards; power supply system; smart grids
Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) content and formulation parameters on particulate properties and intraperitoneal delivery of insulin from PLGA nanoparticles prepared using the double-emulsion evaporation procedure (2017)

Insulin-loaded NP prepared from 10% PEG-PLGA possessed therapeutically useful encapsulation and release kinetics when delivered by the IP route.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Milbemycin E: Resolution of the C(1)‐C(10) Fragment and Final Assembly. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In-vitro treatment with pravastatin and dexamethasone normalizes abnormal deposition of elastic fibers in dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with restrictive dermopathy - possible therapeutic implications (2010)

The 31st Annual David W. Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis, Union, WA., 27 August-1 September 2010.
A Causal Perspective on OSIM2 Data Generation, with Implications for Simulation Study Design and Interpretation (2015)

Abstract Research by the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) has focused on developing and evaluating strategies to exploit observational electronic data to improve post-market prescription drug surveillance. A data simulator known as OSIM2 developed by the OMOP statistical methods group has been used as a testbed for evaluating and comparing different estimation procedures for detecting adverse drug-related events from data similar to that found in electronic insurance claims data. The simulation scheme produces a longitudinal dataset with millions of observations designed to closely match marginal distributions of important covariates in a known dataset. In this paper we provide a non-parametric structural equation model for the data generating process and construct the associated directed acyclic graph (DAG) depicting the causal structure. These representations reveal key differences between simulated and real-world data, including a departure from longitudinal causal relationships, absence of (presumed) sources of bias and time ordering of covariates that conflicts with reality. The DAG also reveals the presence of unmeasured baseline confounding of the causal effect of a drug on a subsequent medical condition. Conclusions naively drawn from this simulation study could mislead an investigator trying to gain insight into estimator performance on real data. Applying causal inference tools allows us to draw more informed conclusions and suggests modifications to the simulation scheme that would more closely align simulated and real-world data.
FIRST ANALYSIS OF THE $3\nu_{g}- \nu_{g}, 3\nu_{g}- \nu_{5}$ AND $3\nu_{9} -2\nu_{5}$ BANDS OF $HNO_{3}$: TORSIONAL SPLITTING IN THE $\nu_{9}$ VIBRATIONAL MODE. (1994)

Using the dynamic population approach, the present model can project real-time data to inform a healthcare system decision that affects all actual number of AS patients eligible for anti-TNF agents within different decision time spans. The predicted total population costs of different categories in the present study can help plan the organization of the healthcare resources based on the national budget for the disease.
Transgenic control of perforin gene expression (1995)

Perforin is a pore-forming effector molecule of CTL and NK cells. To characterize perforin gene expression and its transcriptional control mechanisms in vivo, expression of a cell surface tag, i.e., human CD4, was driven by 5.1 kb of the murin perforin 5{prime} flanking and promoter region in transgenic mice. Six out of seven transgenic lines expressed the perforin-tag hybrid gene at low to intermediate levels, depending on the integration site. Transgene expression occurred in all cells that physiologically are able to express perforin. At the whole organ level, significant amounts of transgenic mRNA and endogenous perforin mRNA were co-expressed in the lymphoid organs, as well as in the lung, the ileum, the oviduct/uterus, and the bone marrow. At the single cell level, the perforin tag was present on NK cells and on CD8{sup +}, as well as on CD4{sup +} cells. Also targeted were Thy-1.2{sup +} {gamma}{delta} T cells, but not Thy-1.2{sup -} {gamma}{delta} T cells, B cells, nor monocytes. During thymic T cell development, transgene expression occurred in double negative (CD4{sup -}CD8{sup -}) thymocytes and was detected at all subsequent stages, but exceeded the expression levels of the endogenous gene in the thymus. In conclusion, the analyzed perforin 5{prime}more » flanking and promoter region contains important cis-acting sequences that restrict perforin expression to T cells and NK cells, and therefore provides a unique tool for manipulating T cell and/or Nk cell-mediated immune responses in transgenic mice. On the other hand, the normal control of perforin gene expression involves at least one additional negative control mechanism that was not mediated by the transgenic promoter and upstream region. This control restricts perforin gene expression in thymically developing T cells and in most resting peripheral T cells, but can be released upon T cell activation. 43 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.« less
Data for Group IV mid-infrared photonics (2018)

Experimental data for the plots shown in the paper Mashanovich, G, Nedeljkovic, M, Soler Penades, J, Qu, Z, 蔚, 曹, Osman, A, Wu, Y, Stirling, C, Qi, Y, Xu Cheng, Y, Reid, L, Littlejohns, CG, Jian, K, Zhao, Z, Takenaka, M, Li, T, Zhou, Z, Gardes, F, Thomson, D &amp; Reed, G 2018, 'Group IV mid-­infrared photonics' Optical Materials Express.
High Sensitive Long Period Fiber Grating Biosensor for Cancer Biomarker Detection (2016)

We report an innovative fiber optic biosensor based on Long Period Gratings (LPGs) working in reflection configuration for real time monitoring of human Thyroglobulin (Tg), a protein marker of differentiated thyroid cancer. A standard LPG is first transformed in a practical probe working in reflection mode, and then it is coated with a single layer of atactic polystyrene (aPS) in order to increase its surrounding refractive index sensitivity and to provide, at the same time, the desired interfacial properties for a stable anti-Tg antibody. The functionalized reflection-type LPG biosensor clearly demonstrates the effectiveness and sensitivity of the developed biosensing platform, allowing the real time and label-free detection of Tg in the needle washouts of fine-needle aspiration biopsies, at concentrations useful for pre- and post-operative assessment of the biomarker levels. Analyte recognition and capture were confirmed with a parallel on fiber ELISA-like assay using, in pilot tests, the biotinylated protein and HRP-labeled streptavidin for its detection. Dose-dependent experiments showed that the detection is linearly dependent on concentration within the range between 0 and 4 ng/mL, while antibody saturation occurs for higher protein levels.
Towards Identification of Lower Scale Composite Material Properties From Higher Scale Experimental Data via Inverse Analysis of Coupled Multiscale Models (2015)

In the present paper we demonstrate the application of a multiscale inverse methodology for identifying material properties of the constituents of a selected composite material with long fibers embedded in a polymer matrix by utilizing macro-scale experimental data. Taking advantage of a computational homogenization technique for periodic microstructures, the proposed optimization methodology allows, for the determination of a considerable number of the elastic properties of the composite material at the micro-scale of the constituents and their interface zone. Our approach describes the theoretical development and numerical implementation of a multi-scale modeling chain of the composite, extending from the periodic microstructure represented by a suitable unit cell and subjected to appropriate periodic boundary conditions at the micro scale, to the composite lamina at the meso-scale, to the laminated, multi-axially loaded material at the macro-scale. By applying the proposed methodology, we have been able to accurately calculate several fiber, matrix properties by utilizing properly generated synthetic data of the macro-scale behavior of the composite laminate. Furthermore, in an effort to explore the potential of our method for identifying quantities that manifest only after manufacturing including damage quantities at the micro-scale, we have initiated an effort to explore the capability of determining fiber-matrix interfacial properties and have demonstrated initial success.
Dialkenylmagnesium Compounds in Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization of Ethylene. Reversible Chain Transfer Agents and Tools To Probe Catalyst Selectivities toward Ring Formation (2018)

A range of dialkenylmagnesium compounds ([CH2═CH(CH2)n]2Mg; n = 1–6) were synthesized and used as chain transfer agents (CTA) with either (C5Me5)2NdCl2Li(OEt2)2 (1) or [Me2Si(C13H8)2Nd(BH4)2Li(thf)]2 (2) neodymium precursors for the polymerization of ethylene. In all cases, the systems followed a controlled coordinative chain transfer polymerization mechanism. The intramolecular insertion of the vinyl group on the CTA in growing chains is possible and led to the formation of cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and possibly cycloheptyl chain ends. While the production of cyclopentyl- or cyclohexyl-capped polyethylene chains can be quantitative (n = 2–5), the integrity of this double bond can also be kept if n is higher than 6. In comparison to 1/CTA catalytic systems, 2/CTA catalytic systems showed a higher propensity to produce cycloalkyl chain ends. This was ascribed to the lower steric demand around the active site, as shown by DFT calculations. In addition, the formation of bis(cyclopentylmethyl)magnesium from dipentenylmagnesium using a catalytic amount of 2 was shown.
Linking Network Microstructure to Macroscopic Properties of Siloxane Elastomers Using Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mesoscale Computational Modeling (2011)

It is well established that many fundamental properties of polymer materials are directly governed by chain dynamics, and both experimental and computational efforts to probe this motional spectrum have been manifold. Recently, multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has afforded the capability to extract meaningful quantities from such measurements, namely, an effective molecular weight distribution between various topological constraints (cross-links, entanglements, etc.). We describe herein the results of recent work on model end-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks where mesoscale computational studies were used to calculate elastic moduli using the NMR-derived molecular weight distributions as their sole input. These results are then compared to dynamic mechanical analysis measurements to assess the degree to which this new methodology can predict the mechanical properties of these simple elastomers. The results of this initial study suggest a high confidence in prediction and portend a nondestructive methodology capable of monitoring subtle changes in network structural motifs associated with material performance and age.
A uniform treatment of pragmatic inferences in simple and complex utterances and sequences of utterances (1995)

Drawing appropriate defeasible inferences has been proven to be one of the most pervasive puzzles of natural language processing and a recurrent problem in pragmatics. This paper provides a theoretical framework, called stratified logic, that can accommodate defeasible pragmatic inferences. The framework yields an algorithm that computes the conversational, conventional, scalar, clausal, and normal state implicatures; and the presuppositions that are associated with utterances. The algorithm applies equally to simple and complex utterances and sequences of utterances.
Power Converters and Control of Renewable Energy Systems (2004)

The global electrical energy consumption is steadily rising and therefore a continuous demand to increase the power generation capacity. A significant percentage of the required capacity increase can be based on renewable energy sources. Wind turbine technology, as the most cost effective renewable energy conversion system, will play an important part in our future energy supply. But other sources like microturbines, photovoltaics and fuel cell systems may also be serious contributor to the power supply. Characteristically, power electronics will be an efficient and important interface to the grid for the renewables and this paper will first briefly discuss three different alternative/renewable energy sources. Next, various configurations of small and medium power conversion topologies are presented including their control (mainly for PV-systems). Finally wind turbine configuration and their control are described.
Three types of stable structures of hydrogenated silicon clusters (1997)

We have studied stable structures of hydrogenated Si clusters grown from silane gas in an ion trap developed for cluster growth. The grown clusters were extracted from the ion trap through two different pathways and were analyzed by mass spectrometers. The Si6Hx+ cations were stably grown, among them clusters with x=1, 7, and 13 were always observed, regardless of the growth conditions or the extraction pathways. The stable structures of these clusters were theoretically investigated. Clusters of x=1, 7, and 13 corresponded to the compact structure, the intermediate structure which has both compact and bulklike configurations, and the bulklike sp3 structure, respectively.
Worldwide Experiences with Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis (2017)

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is common in the elderly population, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) is often required. However, in this particular subgroup of patients, the choice between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often not an easy decision to make. Published literature has adequately demonstrated that PD prevalence is significantly less than HD across all patient age groups despite several advantages. We also know that elderly patients are less likely to complete a PD assessment, due to both medical and social barriers. Additionally, elderly patients are often reluctant to go ahead with PD despite being eligible PD candidates, mainly due to the fear of performing self-therapy. Recently, many new assisted PD (asPD) programs have cropped up in several countries. The main aim of these programs is to overcome barriers to PD and to promote PD utilization among elderly and non-self-sufficient patients. Although asPD has proven to be associated with good clinical results, there still remain concerns about its greater use. In this review, we will first describe an ideal asPD model and then enumerate examples of strategies and outcomes associated with successful asPD programs worldwide.
Random-walk simulation of diffusion-controlled processes among static traps (1989)

We present computer-simulation results for the trapping rate (rate constant) k associated with diffusion-controlled reactions among identical, static spherical traps distributed with an arbitrary degree of impenetrability using a Pearson random-walk algorithm. We specifically consider the penetrable-concentric-shell model in which each trap of diameter \ensuremath{\sigma} is composed of a mutually impenetrable core of diameter \ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\sigma}, encompassed by a perfectly penetrable shell of thickness (1-\ensuremath{\lambda})\ensuremath{\sigma}/2: \ensuremath{\lambda}=0 corresponding to randomly centered or ``fully penetrable'' traps and \ensuremath{\lambda}=1 corresponding to totally impenetrable traps. Trapping rates are calculated accurately from the random-walk algorithm at the extreme limits of \ensuremath{\lambda} (\ensuremath{\lambda}=0 and 1) and at an intermediate value (\ensuremath{\lambda}=0.8), for a wide range of trap densities. Our simulation procedure has a relatively fast execution time. It is found that k increases with increasing impenetrability at fixed trap concentration. These ``exact'' data are compared with previous theories for the trapping rate. Although a good approximate theory exists for the fully-penetrable-trap case, there are no currently available theories that can provide good estimates of the trapping rate for a moderate to high density of traps with nonzero hard cores (\ensuremath{\lambda}&gt;0).