gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of the Translocated and the Untranslocated c- myc Oncogene in Burkitt Lymphoma (1983)

Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying either a rearranged or unrearranged c-myc oncogene were examined with the use of probes from the 5' exon and for the second and third exon of the oncogene. The results indicate that the normal c-myc gene on chromosome 8 and the 5' noncoding and 3' coding segments of the c-myc oncogene separated by the chromosomal translocation are under different transcriptional control in the lymphoma cells. Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying a translocated but unrearranged c-myc oncogene express normal c-myc transcripts. In contrast, lymphoma cells carrying a c-myc gene rearranged head to head with the immunoglobulin constant mu region gene express c-myc transcripts lacking the normal untranslated leader.
100 Jahre Vitamin E – eine Kurzreise von der Entdeckung 1922 bis zu heutigen Produktformen (2022)

Vitamin E ist das wichtigste fettlösliche Antioxidans in biologischen Systemen. Es verhindert radikal induzierte Kettenreaktionen von Lipidoxidationen und ist dadurch essenziell für die Funktion und den Erhalt von Membranen. Der Begriff Vitamin E umfasst historisch eine Substanzklasse, die qualitativ die gleichen biologischen Eigenschaften wie α-Tocopherol besitzt, die sogenannten Tocole und Tocotrienole. Für die Anwendung in der Futtermittel-, Pharma-, Lebensmittel- und Kosmetikbranche werden jährlich über 75000 Tonnen α-Tocopherylacetat und α-Tocopherol verarbeitet.
Novel Vein Patterns in Arabidopsis Induced by Small Molecules (2015)

The critical role of veins in transporting water, nutrients, and signals suggests that some key regulators of vein formation may be genetically redundant and, thus, undetectable by forward genetic screens. To identify such regulators, we screened more than 5000 structurally diverse small molecules for compounds that alter Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf vein patterns. Many compound-induced phenotypes were observed, including vein networks with an open reticulum; decreased or increased vein number and thickness; and misaligned, misshapen, or nonpolar vascular cells. Further characterization of several individual active compounds suggests that their targets include hormone cross talk, hormone-dependent transcription, and PIN-FORMED trafficking.
Application of cellulose‐based self‐assembled tri‐enzyme system in a pseudo‐reagent‐less biosensor for biogenic catecholamine detection (2007)

Amorphous cellulose was used as a specific carrier for the deposition of self-assembled multienzyme complexes capable of catalyzing coupled reactions. Naturally glycosylated fungal cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) of glycosyl hydrolase families 6 and 7 were specifically deposited onto the cellulose surface through their family I cellulose-binding modules (CBM). Naturally glycosylated fungal laccase was then deposited onto the preformed glycoprotein layer pretreated by ConA, through the interaction of mannosyl moieties of fungal glycoproteins with the multivalent lectin. The formation of a cellulase-ConA-laccase composite was proven by direct and indirect determination of activity of immobilized laccase. In the absence of cellulases and ConA, no laccase deposition onto the cellulose surface was observed. Finally, basidiomycetous cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was deposited onto the cellulose surface through the specific interaction of its FAD domain with cellulose. The obtained paste was applied onto the surface of a Clark-type oxygen electrode and covered with a dialysis membrane. In the presence of traces of catechol or dopamine as mediators, the obtained immobilized multienzyme composite was capable of the coupled oxidation of cellulose by dissolved oxygen, thus providing the basis for a sensitive assay of the mediator. Swollen amorphous cellulose plays three different roles in the obtained biosensor as: (i) a gelforming matrix that captures the analyte and its oxidized intermediate, (ii) a specific carrier for protein self-assembly, and (iii) a source of excess substrate for a pseudo-reagent-less assay with signal amplification. The detection limit of such a tri-enzyme biosensor is 50-100 nM dopamine.
An Example of a Derived Credentials Architecture (2014)

NIST has released drafts of two documents containing guidelines for issuing credentials to federal employees or contractors upon presentation of a PIV/CAC card and storing them on mobile devices, such credentials being known as derived credentials. The guidelines permit the storage of credentials in a software token, i.e. a software cryptographic module, protected by an activation passcode with 20 bits of entropy. While mere encryption under a key derived from such a passcode would not provide sucient security, we propose a method of achieving strong security with such a passcode, by wrapping the credentials using a high-entropy key-wrapping key (KWK), storing the KWK in a secure back-end, and retrieving the KWK by authenticating to the backend with a device credential regenerated from the passcode and a protocredential, in such a way that an adversary who captures the mobile device while the software token is inactive is not able to mount an oine guessing attack against the passcode. We suggest that the use of this method could serve as a compensating control to justify the storage of derived credentials in cryptographic modules that are not removable from the device and do not provide sucient tamper resistance. We describe the use of the compensating control to increase the security provided by a software token, a TEE token (i.e. a cryptographic module embedded in a Trusted Execution Environment), and a traditional hardware token. We describe an example of a derived credentials architecture where the KWK is stored in a device record within a Mobile Device Management (MDM) database.
Applications of Approximate Dynamic Programming in Power Systems Control (2004)

This chapter presents application examples in the field of power systems control using adaptive-critic designs. These adaptive-critic techniques were introduced in Chapters 3 and 4, but this chapter does contain an in-depth review of the basic ideas and how they apply to the specific problems examined in this chapter. The primary systems examined here are the three-phase micro-alternators at the University of Natal in Durban, South Africa. The design and training of the procedure for the critic and action networks are described in detail. Both simulation results and actual hardware implementations are discussed. Detailed results are presented that compare how different adaptive-critic schemes perform and what type of performance can be expected with realistic problems. For another discussion about control of realistic power systems see Chapter 23.
A Novel Fuel Reactivity Index Based on Separated Weak Flames in a Micro Flow Reactor with a Controlled Temperature Profile (2019)

For establishing a new fuel reactivity index, characteristics of separated weak flames (cool, blue and hot flames) of PRF and C5 alkane isomers in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile at a pressure of 500 kPa were examined. Since cool and blue flames are enhanced compared to hot flame in low-to-intermediate temperatures at elevated pressures, heat and intermediates formed in cool and blue flames were analyzed by numerical simulations. It was confirmed that the ratio of heat formed in the blue flame to the total heat release, named as heat contribution index (HCI), could be a measure that well-described fuel reactivity. A fuel with higher HCI showed lower reactivity. It was also found that the ratio of formaldehyde formed in cool flame of a given fuel to that of n-heptane, named as Formaldehyde index (FAI), was a measure that well-described fuel reactivity and was able to be experimentally obtained using a gas chromatograph. HCI and FAI were in good agreements with each other. Furthermore, FAI showed a linear correlation with the critical compression ratio.
Germanium movement mechanism in SiGe-on-insulator fabricated by modified Ge condensation (2005)

The movement of Ge during Ge condensation in SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) fabrication is studied based on the competition between the diffusion of Ge atoms and accumulation of Ge atoms. The diffusion of Ge atoms overwhelms the Ge accumulation at the top thermal oxide∕SiGe interface, resulting in a flat Ge profile in the SGOI layer. However, the opposite result is found at the bottom SiGe∕buried-oxide (BOX) interface. The Ge diffusion towards the BOX is blocked because of the much smaller diffusion coefficient of Ge in the BOX than that in the SiGe layer. The Ge accumulation effects are more dominant than the diffusion of Ge, and so Ge atoms pile up near the BOX giving rise to an abrupt profile. The disappearance of the SiGe lattice structure near the SiGe∕BOX interface is also found in the sample oxidized for a longer time due to the reduction of the melting point of SiGe alloys with higher Ge fractions.
Smartphone-Read Phage Lateral Flow Assay for Point-of-Care Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for sensitive, affordable, and widely-accessible testing at the point-of-care. Here we report the development of a sensitive chemiluminescence-based smartphone-readable lateral flow assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein using M13 phage conjugated with antibodies and HRP enzymes as LFA reporter particles. We screened 84 anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody pairs in phage LFA and identified an antibody pair that gave an LoD of 25 pg/mL nucleoprotein in nasal swab extract using a FluorChem gel documentation system and 100 pg/mL when the test was imaged and analyzed by an in-house-developed smartphone reader. The smartphone-read LFA signals for positive clinical samples tested (N = 15, with known Ct) were statistically different (p < 0.001) from negative clinical samples tested (N = 11). The translation-ready phage LFA technology combined with smartphone chemiluminescence imaging can enable the timely development of ultrasensitive, affordable point-of-care testing platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and beyond.
UTRA TDD handover performance (2002)

In this paper handover in UTRA TDD is discussed. A simple WCDMA handover, tailored to a TDD operation, is considered. This gives rise to careful setting of different handover parameters, and the evaluation of the effects on the system performance is worth an extensive study. A dynamic system level simulator, where all the relevant radio resource management procedures are modeled, is used for this purpose.
Depiction of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction Using Contrast-Enhanced Spin Echo and Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1998)

The contrast between normal and infarcted myocardium was affected greatly by the dose and imaging parameters. The results indicate that spin echo and gradient echo images have greatly differing sensitivities to extracellular gadolinium chelates. Changes in myocardial T2 relaxation time, but not T2*, correlated well with the dose.
The Risks of Copper Toxicity Contributing to Cognitive Decline in the Aging Population and to Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

It is a pleasure and an honor to contribute a paper to a special issue of the Journal of the American College of Nutrition honoring Stanley Wallach and Pearl Small. In this brief review I advance the hypothesis that copper toxicity is the major cause of the epidemic of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease engulfing our aging population. This epidemic is recent, exploding in the last 50-60 years. The disease was virtually unknown 100 years ago. And it involves only developed countries that use copper plumbing. Something in our environment associated with development is poisoning the minds of our aged. The epidemic is associated with the use of copper plumbing, and the taking of copper in multi-mineral supplements. Food copper (organic copper) is processed by the liver and is transported and sequestered in a safe manner. Inorganic copper, such as that in drinking water and copper supplements, largely bypasses the liver and enters the free copper pool of the blood directly. This copper is potentially toxic because it may penetrate the blood/brain barrier. I review a web of animal and human data that tightens the noose around the hypothesis that copper toxicity is causing the epidemic of Alzeimer's disease and loss of cognition in our aging population.
Real-Time Immersion of Physical Experiments in Virtual Wave-Physics Domains (2020)

While laboratories devoted to wave propagation enable the study of complex wave phenomena and the discovery of physical relations, unfortunately they suffer from undesired wave-field reflections from their boundaries, and the samples under investigation are restricted in size for practical reasons. This study shows how those limitations can be overcome by fully embedding physical wave-propagation experiments in larger numerical simulations, such that waves can propagate seamlessly between both realms. This approach allows previously inaccessible wave phenomena to be investigated, and could shift the status quo of wave-physics experimentation.
Deintercalation of a chemically switchable polymer from a layered silicate nanocomposite (2003)

Abstract The phenomenon of intercalation is widely known as a key process in the area of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites. In the formation of such nanocomposites, a polymer chain is intercalated between the layers of a layered (silicate) host, typically giving a well‐ordered multilayered stack with a repeat distance of only a few nanometers. Intercalated systems are excellent models for studies of confined geometries, and they often display enhanced material properties as well. In this study, we examined a series of polymers in which it was possible to reverse the intercalation process (i.e., to achieve deintercalation). Homopolymers and copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate) (PTHPMA) were intercalated into an organically modified synthetic fluoromica. Thermally induced deprotection of the tetrahydropyranyl group resulted in the transformation of PTHPMA into poly(methacrylic acid), which was then observed to deintercalate from the silicate host. X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the deintercalation process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 3151–3159, 2003
Reinforcing Mechanisms of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composites (2007)

The reinforcing mechanisms of single-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composites were studied by micromechanics models. The modeling results obtained from both Halpin-Tsai and Mori-Tanaka models are in good agreement with the experimental results. It has been found that these two models are also applicable to other single-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced, amorphous-polymer composites, given the existence of efficient load transfer. The reinforcing mechanisms that work in polymer-carbon nanotube composites were studied. The reasons responsible for the low mechanical property enhancement of single-walled carbon nanotube in polymer composites were discussed in conjunction with the effective fiber length concept, interface between nanotube bundles and the matrix, properties of the reinforcements and matrix, bundle effects, bundle curvature, and alignment.
Knowledge of Perfusion and Contractile Reserve Improves the Predictive Value of Recovery of Regional Myocardial Function Postrevascularization (1997)

The prediction of functional recovery post-revascularization can be enhanced by combining MCE and DE.
Modeling of an Automotive Planetary Gear Set Based on Karnopp Model for Clutch Friction (2003)

Planetary gear sets of automotive automatic transmissions include several hydraulic and one-way clutches. Clutch friction is traditionally described by the generalized, Stribeck, speed-dependent static function approximated by a steep straight line in the zero-speed region (so-called classical friction model). Another approach based on the Karnopp clutch friction model is proposed in this paper. Simulation results for park/reverse engagement and 1–2 upshift shows that the proposed gear set modeling method compared to the classical friction modelbased method yields significant improvement with respect to simulation time, as well as accuracy.
Supplementary Table 4 from Global Evaluation of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies EphA4 as an Inhibitor of Cell Migration and Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 77K, Multicovariate Cox model fitted to estimate the effect of age, gender, stage, institution and EphA4 on time to event endpoint, for overall survival.&lt;/p&gt;
Corrosion of MA754 and MA956 in a Commercial Aluminum Melter (2008)

The University of North Dakota Energy &amp; Environmental Research Center is working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory to test two oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys that could be used to construct very high-temperature heat recuperators for the aluminum-melting industry. For the initial tests, uncooled rings of MA754 and MA956 piping were exposed for 5½ months to gases leaving an aluminum melter furnace at 1200°–1290°C. The MA956 suffered spotty areas of severe corrosion and lost 25% of its weight. Scanning electron microscopy showed that there were small spots of alkali-rich corrosion products on the alloy surfaces, indicating the impact of droplets of fluxing agents. The corrosion products in these areas were mixed Fe, Cr, and Al oxides, which were depleted in Cr near the gas surface. However, Al concentrations in the remaining metal were typically between 3.5% and 4.0%, so there was a sufficient reservoir of Al remaining in the alloy to prevent simple breakaway corrosion which could have occurred if the Al were significantly depleted. The MA754 lost approximately 15% of its weight and showed void formation within 2 mm of the gas–metal surfaces. Within the porous area, the Cr had largely segregated into oxide precipitates up to 50 9m in diameter, leaving the remaining metal Ni-rich. Below the porous layer, the alloy composition was relatively unchanged. Remains of Na- and Al-rich particles that had impacted the surface sporadically were visible but had not obviously affected the surface scale as they had with the MA956.
Novel Rearrangements of Enynes Catalyzed by PtCl2 (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Rearrangements of Enynes Catalyzed by PtCl2Alois Fürstner, Hauke Szillat, and Frank StelzerView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 28, 6785–6786Publication Date (Web):June 30, 2000Publication History Received24 March 2000Published online30 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja001034+Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3350Altmetric-Citations266LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (169 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cations,Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Metathesis,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
ER Stress Impairs Myogenic Cell Growth By Inhibiting Amino Acid Activation Of mTORC1 (2010)

PURPOSE: To test whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress impairs the response to growth factors and leucine in muscle cells. METHODS: C2C12 muscle cells were grown and fully differentiated into myotubes. After 4 days of differentiation, tunicamycin (TN) or thapsigargin (TG), known inducers of ER stress, were added for 17h before stimulation of the mTORC1 pathway with insulin or IGF-1 (10-50nM) for 15min or leucine (2.5-5mM) for 30min. Cells were harvested for mRNA or protein expression analyses or used for leucine uptake measurements. RESULTS: TN (0-5000ng/ml) and TG (0-2000nM) induced ER stress in a dose-dependent manner. At the end of the 17h-incubation, BiP and IRE1 expression and PERK and eIF2· phosphorylation were increased proportionally to TN and TG concentrations. At the same time, TN and TG repressed basal phosphorylation of PKB and S6K1. Growth factor-induction of PKB was repressed by low and high concentrations of TN but only by high concentrations of TG. Leucine-induction of S6K1 was repressed by low concentrations of both TN and TG. Leucine-induction of S6K1 was repressed at lower TG concentrations than growth factor-induction, indicating that TG inhibits leucine and growth factors activation of mTORC1 by different means. The activation/amount of several targets known to inhibit the mTORC1 pathway was determined. TN and TG did not change the phosphorylation state of AMPK or JNK. Both increased TRB3 mRNA expression and only TG increased REDD1 mRNA. TN and TG decreased the basal phosphorylation state of PRAS40. Interestingly, neither TN nor TG prevented the activation of PRAS40 by insulin. In contrast, PRAS40 phosphorylation did not increase with amino acids and TN and TG treatment further reduced its phosphorylation. Since non-phosphorylated PRAS40 inhibits mTORC1, this could impair downstream signaling by the mTORC1 complex. Finally the inhibition of leucine-induced phosphorylation of S6K1 could not be explained by a reduced entry of leucine into the cells as leucine uptake tended to increase with TN and TG. In summary, these data indicate that inhibition of PRAS40 by TN and TG could result in impaired activation of mTORC1 in response to leucine. CONCLUSIONS: TN and TG repressed the activation of mTORC1 by leucine and growth factors in muscle cells. As ER stress is triggered by high-fat feeding in skeletal muscle, we speculate that ER stress could be one mechanism impairing the response to load-induced hypertrophy in high-fat fed models.
Derivatives of 1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-phenyluracil and 5-Benzyluracil. Synthesis and Biological Properties (1994)

Abstract A number of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil and -cytosine nucleosides substituted at the 5 position with a nitrophenyl or nitrobenzyl group were synthesized from 5-phenyl- and 5-benzyluracil via condensation of the fluorinated sugar, followed by nitration. The corresponding amino analogues were also prepared by reduction of the nitro nucleosides. The uracil nucleosides were converted into the corresponding cytosine nucleosides by way of the triazole intermediates. None of these nucleosides exhibited significant activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 in Vero cells. However, cytosine nucleosides containing the o-nitrophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, p-nitrobenzyl or p-aminobenzyl substituent were found to be toxic (even at 1 μM) to uninfected Vero cells, although they were essentially nontoxic in HL-60 cells. The 5′-monophosphates of the uracil nucleosides were inhibitors of the reaction catalyzed by purified Ehrlich ascites carcinoma thymidylate synthase, the 5-phenyluracil nucleotides causing a strong inhibition, competitive vs dUMP, described by the Ki value of 0.01 μM.