gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaginal Mucosal HIV Prep: Fundamental Insights and Practical Considerations (2015)

The use of microbicidal agents for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission and consequent infection is emerging as a promising strategy for controlling this global epidemic. Sexual HIV-1 transmission in resource-limited regions is driven by gender inequalities imposing a particular burden on women and girls. Topical microbicide administration directly to the vagina could play an important role in HIV-1 prevention efforts, as this female-controlled approach leads to high local levels of anti-HIV-1 compounds, while resulting in low systemic exposure. After twenty years of clinical investigation, however, this dosing route has had limited success. In this chapter, we thoroughly review the current state of vaginal microbicide research for HIV-1 prevention. The vaginal route of HIV-1 infection is discussed along with an overview of the classes of microbicides currently under investigation, including: broad-spectrum (i.e., non-specific), specific (e.g., antiretroviral drugs), and biological (peptides, proteins, and bacteria) agents. Dosage forms (tablets/suppositories, films, gels, and intravaginal rings) are discussed along with the merits and challenges associated with each modality. An anatomical, histological, and physiological description of the vaginal mucosa links the applied and fundamental sections of the chapter. An introduction to the interplay between hormone regulation and the vaginal mucosa is provided, accompanied by a discussion of potential biomarkers of inflammation that may be used to evaluate microbicide safety. Host expression of membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes is reviewed in detail, as both can influence local drug distribution and, hence, pharmacodynamic outcomes in HIV-1 prevention. The vaginal microbiome, and its interactions with the host, are likely to play a pivotal role in topical HIV-1 prophylaxis is discussed. Finally, ex vivo and animal models for evaluating candidate product efficacy are critically reviewed and the current state of clinical vaginal product evaluation is discussed.
Benefits of Superconductor Digital-RF Transceiver Technology to Future Wireless Systems (2006)

Ultrafast superconductor digital microelectronic circuits operate at speeds up to 100 GHz, enabling true digital-RF architecture. This permits direct conversion between analog RF and digital baseband signals, replacing frequency and protocol-specific analog hardware with flexible, software-programmable digital processors. On the receive side, high sampling-speed (20 Gsamples/s) and linearity (&gt;100 dB spur-free dynamic range) of superconductor analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital down-converters and ultrafast (20 GHz) digital filters have already been demonstrated by HYPRES. This will enable broadband digitization of the incoming RF waveform directly, leading to true digital channelization under full software control. In addition, the lower receiver noise temperature enhances information capacity, even in interference-limited systems. Similarly, on the transmit side, a high sampling-speed and quantum-linear digital-to-analog converter (DAC) preceded by digital up-converters and digital filters provide the scheme for direct synthesis of a spectrally pure RF transmit waveform. Furthermore, the power of digital processing at RF allows direct digital predistortion of the transmit waveform for linearization of the entire power amplifier chain. In this paper, we will discuss the benefits to future wireless systems, in terms of expanded range of high-data-rate coverage, lower handset battery power, higher spectral efficiency and lower cost for multi-carrier base-stations.
N-terminal and central regions of the human CD44 extracellular domain participate in cell surface hyaluronan binding (1995)

CD44 molecules are cell surface receptors for hyaluronan (HA). To define regions of the extracellular domain of CD44 that are important for HA binding, we have studied the ability of HA-blocking CD44 mAbs to bind to CD44 from a variety of sources. Five CD44 mAbs (5F12, BRIC235, 3F12, BU-75, and HP2/9) of 21 studied were identified that at least partially blocked FITC-labeled HA (HA-FITC) binding to the standard form of CD44 (CD44S) in CD44-transfected Jurkat cells. Analysis of reactivity of HA-blocking CD44 mAbs defined three distinct epitopes. Lack of reactivity of mAb 5F12 with a CD44 fusion protein (CD44-Rg) containing an N-terminal truncation of 20 amino acids (aa), as well as reactivity of mAb 5F12 with an N-terminal CD44 synthetic peptide (CD44-9A), demonstrated that the N-terminal proximal region of CD44 (aa 1 to 20) was involved in mAb 5F12 binding. A mutant cell line, CEM-NKR, derived from the T-ALL cell line, CEM, did not bind mAb 5F12 nor bind HA, whereas wild-type CEM did bind mAb 5F12 and HA. Sequence analysis of wild-type CEM and CEM-NKR CD44 cDNA demonstrated a G to A point mutation at position 575 in the CD44 cDNA of CEM-NKR, resulting in an arginine to histidine mutation at aa position 154. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that there are three epitopes to which HA-blocking mAbs bind in the extracellular domain of CD44, and that the CD44 N-terminal proximal and central regions are two regions in the extracellular domain of CD44 that may interact and either mediate or regulate HA binding to cell surface CD44.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Radiotherapy Increases the Permissiveness of Established Mammary Tumors to Rejection by Immunomodulatory Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 233K, Analysis of the combined therapeutic effects of radiotherapy and alpha-CD137/alpha-CD40 therapy in established 4T1.2 tumors&lt;/p&gt;
New degradable cationic polyesters for nonviral gene delivery (2003)

A new family of biodegradable cationic polyesters consisting of aspartic acid and aliphatic diols of various lengths has been synthesized. Since the polymers formed are strictly alternating, the cationic charge density can be controlled by simply changing the size of the spacer aliphatic monomer. One such polymer, poly(aspartic anhydride-co-ethylene glycol) (PAE), was found to be capable of self-assembly (/spl sim/100 nm) into polymeric micelles and complexation with DNA. Kinetic studies reveal PAE initially complexes DNA into sub-100 nm complexes and subsequently releases it after 3-6 days at room temperature. With the ability to degrade and unpack its genetic material, this new family of biodegradable cationic polymers shows promise as versatile gene carriers for in vitro and in vivo applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic Rings by Tandem Radical Ring Expansion/Cyclization: Evaluating Competing Intramolecular Reactions. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Utilizing advanced spatio‐temporal backgrounds with dynamic test signals for high dynamic range display metrology (2022)

Abstract Test targets are indispensable for display metrology and in combination with a light measurement device, and they can be used to assess a display's performance. Simple synthetic patterns with static backgrounds are currently the target of choice. However, modern display devices have significantly increased in complexity. With that, using static test sequences is likely not painting the full picture of a display's performance, especially as spatial and temporal complexity can only be addressed rudimentarily. In this paper, we discuss novel assessment approaches using dynamic test targets with spatio‐temporal backgrounds, and how they can be compiled in meaningful test sequences e.g. for automated measurements.
Active Factor Completion Strategies (2020)

Embracing the concept of factor investing, the authors design a flexible framework for building out different factor completion strategies for traditional multi-asset allocations. Their notion of factor completion comprises a maximally diversified reference portfolio anchored in a multi-asset multi-factor risk model that acknowledges market factors such as equity, duration, and commodity, as well as style factors such as carry, value, momentum, and quality. The specific nature of a given factor completion strategy varies with investor preferences and constraints. The authors tailor a select set of factor completion strategies that include factor-based tail hedging, constrained factor completion, and a fully diversified multi-asset multi-factor proposition. Their framework is able to organically exploit tactical asset allocation signals without sacrificing the notion of maximum diversification. To illustrate, the authors additionally embed the common trend style that permeates many asset classes, and they also include the notion of style factor momentum. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio management/multi-asset allocation, style investing <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ The authors design a flexible framework for building out different factor completion strategies for traditional multi-asset allocations using a maximally diversified reference portfolio anchored in a multi-asset multi-factor risk model comprising market as well as style factors. ▪ The authors tailor a select set of factor completion strategies that include factor-based tail hedging, constrained factor completion, and a fully diversified multi-asset multi-factor proposition. ▪ Their framework is able to organically exploit tactical asset allocation signals without sacrificing the notion of maximum diversification, demonstrated by embedding the common trend style in asset classes as well as style factor momentum.
Extremely low-frequency phonon material and its temperature- and photo-induced switching effects (2020)

Atomic vibrations due to stretching or bending modes cause optical phonon modes in the solid phase. These optical phonon modes typically lie in the frequency range of 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>. How much can the frequency of optical phonon modes be lowered? Herein we show an extremely low-frequency optical phonon mode of 19 cm<sup>-1</sup> (0.58 THz) in a Rb-intercalated two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Co-W bimetal assembly. This ultralow frequency is attributed to a millefeuille-like structure where Rb ions are very softly sandwiched between the two-dimensional metal-organic framework, and the Rb ions slowly vibrate between the layers. Furthermore, we demonstrate temperature-induced and photo-induced switching of this low-frequency phonon mode. Such an external-stimulation-controllable sub-terahertz (sub-THz) phonon crystal, which has not been reported before, should be useful in devices and absorbers for high-speed wireless communications such as beyond 5G or THz communication systems.
Tuneable Nanostructuring of Highly Transparent Zinc Gallogermanate Glasses and Glass‐Ceramics (2014)

New nanostructured gallogermanate‐based glass materials exhibiting high transparency in the visible and infrared regions are fabricated by conventional melt‐quenching. These materials can accommodate wide oxide compositions and present nanoscale phase separation, in the form of droplets well separated from the germanate matrix. The size of the nanostructures can be tailored depending on the composition. A single heat treatment then allows selective crystallization of the sole glassy phase corresponding to the droplets. As the crystal growth is limited by the size of the initial phase separation, the resulting glass‐ceramic materials exhibit nanostructures and transparency similar to the ones observed in the parent glass. The large variety of accessible compositions combined with the precise control over the nanostructure offer a great opportunity to design new highly transparent nanostructured glass and glass‐ceramic materials with a wide range of tuneable optical properties.
New Elongase Gene And Production Of Δ9-polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Patent WO 2002/077213 A2) (2002)

The invention relates to a new elongase gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its derivatives, to a gene construct comprising this sequence or its derivatives and to its use. The inventive nucleic acid sequence encodes a polypeptide which elongates alpha -linolenic acid (C&gt;18:3 d9, 12, 15&lt;) by at least two carbon atoms whereas gamma -linolenic acid (C &gt;18:3 d6, 9, 12&lt;) is not elongated. The invention additionally relates to vectors or organisms comprising an elongase gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its derivatives. The invention further relates to a process for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (=PUFAs) with an organism which comprises the elongase gene and which organism produces high amounts of oils and especially oils with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally the invention relates to an oil and/or fatty acid composition with a higher content of polyunsaturated C&gt;20&lt; or C&gt;22&lt; fatty acids with at least two double bonds and/or to a triacylglycerol composition with a higher content of said polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Electromagnetic Modeling of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Nanorod Electrodes for Optimizing Device Geometry in a Nanophotonic Device (2010)

We present electric-field modeling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanorods to optimize electrode geometry in a light-modulating nanophotonic device based on CNTs and liquid crystals. The electric fields spawned by the nanotube electrodes are used to align the liquid crystal molecules to generate a gradient refractive-index profile. We considered an array of CNTs on a 2-D conducting substrate. Different geometries were realized by choosing one, two, three, and four CNTs at each point. The static electric fields produced by these different geometries were simulated. Our results show that the “four nanotube” groups generated a wide and symmetrical electric field as compared to other geometries. We have verified the simulation results by experimentally fabricating the nanophotonic device and found that the “four nanotube” groups formed a negative lens array in the liquid crystal cell with enhanced performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 6‐Position Modified 1‐Thioalkyl‐lincosamines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Developing an MRI based method for analyzing differences in blood vessel diameter and brain tissue perfusion in hypertension (2008)

We aimed to develop an MRI based protocol to investigate anatomical differences in brainstem blood vessels between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; n=4) and their normotensive progenitor strain Wistar Kyoto (WKY; n=4) rats. These were compared using high‐resolution multislice, 2D time of flight (TOF) Magnetic Resonance Angiography using different gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (Gd‐Albumin, Gadodiamide) to image cerebral blood vessels at 4.7T (TR/TE=18ms/4.3ms, matrix=512x320,nslices=80; nex=4, flip=35°, resolution=68x67x500μm 3 ). Tissue perfusion was measured using dynamic contrast enhancement (TR/TE=12ms/2.8ms, matrix=256x128, nslices=1; nex=1, ΔT=1.5s, images=300, flip=15°, resolution=0.137x0.230x1mm 3 ) or by determining changes in tissue transverse relaxation time pre‐ and post‐contrast enhancement. Images were processed and 3D rendered using Osirix (Mac OS10.4 compatible version). We propose that our protocol will allow measurement and comparison of both blood vessel diameters and tissue perfusion in central cardioregulatory regions in the respective rat strains. Supported by NIH grants HL33610 and 76312.
472. Evaluation of Re-Administration of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Vector Expressing Acid-Alpha-Glucosidase (rAAV9-DES-hGAA) in Pompe Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Planning (2016)

A recombinant serotype 9 adeno-associated virus (rAAV9) vector carrying a transgene that expresses codon optimized human acid alpha-glucosidase (hGAA, or GAA) driven by a human desmin (DES) promoter (i.e. rAAV9-DES-hGAA) has been generated as a clinical candidate vector for Pompe disease. The rAAV9-DES-hGAA vector is being developed as a treatment for both early and late onset Pompe disease, in which patients lack sufficient lysosomal alpha-glucosidase leading to glycogen accumulation. In young patients, the therapy may need to be re-administered after a period of time to maintain therapeutic levels of GAA. Administration of AAV-based gene therapies is commonly associated with the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) that may reduce the effectiveness of the vector, especially if re-administration is required. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of rAAV9-DES-hGAA to correct cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology in Gaa−/− mice, an animal model of Pompe disease. We describe the IND-enabling pre-clinical studies supporting the program for a phase I/II clinical trial in adult patients with Pompe. These studies were designed to evaluate the toxicology, biodistribution, and potential for re-administration of rAAV9-DES-hGAA injected intramuscularly into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle using an immune modulation strategy developed for this study. In the proposed clinical study, six adult participants with Late-Onset Pompe Disease (LOPD) will be enrolled. The goal of the immune modulation strategy is to ablate B-cells prior to the initial exposure of the study agent in one leg and the subsequent exposure of the same vector to the contralateral leg four months after initial dosing. The dosing of active agent is accompanied by a control injection of excipient dosing in the contralateral leg to allow for blinding and randomization of dosing, which may also strengthen the approach to gene therapy studies in the future. Patients will act as their own controls. Repeated measures, at baseline and during the 3 months following each injection, will assess the safety, biochemical, and functional impact of the vector.
Beamforming under Quantization Errors in Wireless Binaural Hearing Aids (2008)

Improving the intelligibility of speech in different environments is one of the main objectives of hearing aid signal processing algorithms. Hearing aids typically employ beamforming techniques using multiple microphones for this task. In this paper, we discuss a binaural beamforming scheme that uses signals from the hearing aids worn on both the left and right ears. Specifically, we analyze the effect of a low bit rate wireless communication link between the left and right hearing aids on the performance of the beamformer. The scheme is comprised of a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) that has two inputs: observations from one ear, and quantized observations from the other ear, and whose output is an estimate of the desired signal. We analyze the performance of this scheme in the presence of a localized interferer as a function of the communication bit rate using the resultant mean-squared error as the signal distortion measure.
DILUTE BETADINE LAVAGE REDUCES THE RISK OF ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION IN ASEPTIC REVISION TOTAL KNEE OR HIP ARTHROPLASTY: INTERIM ANALYSIS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (2018)

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy of using dilute betadine versus sterile saline lavage in aseptic revision total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty to ...
Low voltage flyback DC-DC converter for power supply applications (2011)

In this paper, we design a low voltage DC-DC converter with a flyback transformer. The converter will be used as a biased power supply to drive IGBTs. The flyback transformer using planar EI-core is designed and simulated using ANSYS PExprt software. Besides, anLT3574 IC chip from Linear Technology has been chosen for converter control. Finally, the converter modeling and simulation are presented and PCB layout is designed.
A fabrication method for integrated filter elements with inductance cancellation (2007)

This paper outlines a fabrication method for integrated filter elements. An integrated filter element is a three- (or more) terminal device comprising a capacitor and coupled air-core magnetic windings, in which the magnetic windings cancel the effects of capacitor parasitic inductance. This provides greatly enhanced filtration perfromance over a capacitor alone. Methods for designing and forming cancellation windings are described, along with means for repeatable interconnection with the capacitor and encapsulation of the filter element. The high performance and repeatability of filter elements fabricated with the proposed miethod are demionstrated with several examples
Structure-performance correlations of cross-linked boronic acid polymers as adsorbents for recovery of fructose from glucose–fructose mixtures (2019)

This article addresses the utilization of cross-linked phenylboronic-acid polymers for fructose separation from glucose–fructose mixtures focusing particularly on structure-sorption relationships.
Development and Evaluation of Model for Mechanism of Formation of Surface Properties of Cold-Rolled Stainless Steel Sheet (1997)

The purpose of this study is to build a model for the transudation of rolling oil in cold rolling of stainless steel by referring to a micropool lubrication mechanism. The rolling oil transudation function or F value calculated by the model is proposed as a rolling pass characteristic parameter to describe the relationship between the kinematic behavior of the rolling oil mechanically trapped in micropits on the strip surface before cold rolling and the surface smoothness of the cold-rolled strip.1) It is shown that the kinematic behavior of the rolling oil in the roll bite in rolling passes can be represented by the parameter of F value.2) Increasing the F value toward 1 in early passes promotes the transudation of the rolling oil from micropits on the strip surface, and reduces the micropits of the mother strip.3) In later passes the F value necessarily becomes smaller due to using smooth-surfaced rolls for getting the surface gloss, but even in this case increasing the F value makes the transudation of the rolling oil from micropits, and eliminates the oilpit-like micropits.4) It is made clear that the very smooth surface is obtained by using rough-surfaced rolls in early passes and smooth -surfaced rolls in two or more later passes as an effective pass schedule based on the F value.
Influence of Engineering Measurements on the Desorption and Production of CBM Wells by Eclipse (2013)

Desorption of Coalbed Methane is one of the key controls to CBM recovery ratio and production capacity. This paper discusses the impact of engineered measures on CBM overall desorption and production capacity with CBM model of Eclipse numerical simulation software. The simulation results show that: with the extension of hydraulic fracture half-length, overall desorption of coal reservoir increased and CBM production capacity improved, daily gas production, maximum gas production and stable yield time increased correspondingly; in different deployment of spacing and well network, the smaller spacing is beneficial to the overall desorption of coal reservoir, but its production can not keep stability because of the serious decline in the late stage of development, while the larger spacing shows in the opposite way.
Development of treatment and clinical results in childhood acute myeloid leukemia in Poland (2012)

Despite continuous improvement in the treatment outcome, the number of failures still remains too high. Further progress seemed to be possible due to continued cooperation of oncology centers within large international study groups.
Recherche des paramètres optimaux d’une machine synchrone à aimants permanents (2011)

National audience