gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-catalyzed InP nanowires grown by VLS-MBE on silicon for photonics (2014)

Silicon photonic deals with the integration of optical functions on chip and among others light emission which could be realized with III-V semiconductor compounds. Nanowires (NWs) grown by catalyst-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method seems to be a very efficient way to integrate defect-free III-V compounds of high structural and optical qualities on silicon (Si), despite the highly mismatched interface between these materials. To ensure compatibility with Si technology, it is highly desirable to develop Au-free catalysts for the epitaxial growth of III-V NWs on Si. Our objective is to demonstrate that InP NWs could be successfully grown on Si(111) but also on Si(001) by solid-source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) using indium droplets as seeds. Indium droplets of controlled diameter were deposited in-situ in the MBE reactor before the NW growth. We investigated several main growth parameters (growth temperature, indium and phosphorus fluxes) in order to favour the InP NW nucleation as a function of the indium droplet diameter. We notice that the presence of a thin silicon oxide layer onto silicon substrate is a limiting point to promote the nucleation step for epitaxial NWs. A bimodal NW distribution has been highlighted with column-like NWs and rod-like NWs. We successfully achieve rod-like InP NWs grown at 380°C with 100% verticality on Si(111). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal a Zinc-Blend structure with a high density of twins and stacking faults. Photoluminescence measurements of NWs show a weak intensity peak around 1.45 eV which is correlated to these poor structural properties. We are now working to improve the nucleation step focusing on the Si substrate preparation (exposure to phosphorus, arsenic or gallium flux before the indium droplet deposition) and the structural and optical properties of these self-catalyzed InP NWs on Si substrates and on patterned Si surfaces.
Directly modulated semiconductor-laser-fed photonic delay line with ferroelectric liquid crystals (1998)

A 3-bit binary photonic delay line is demonstrated at 1 GHz by use of a directly modulated semiconductor laser and remote interconnection fiber optics. Three types of free-space delay-bit geometries are tested for 5.69-ns, 1.67-ns, and 8.8-ps designed delay bits. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a photonic delay line is demonstrated with ferroelectric liquid-crystal optical on-off devices for optical path switching and active polarization noise filtering. Three-dimensional imaging optics and antireflection-coated optics (for all but five components) are used successfully to minimize photonic delay-line insertion losses and interchannel cross talk. The 3-bit system is fully characterized for measured and designed performance.
Exploiting plasmons in 2D metals for refractive index sensing: Simulation study (2022)

Ultrathin and two-dimensional (2D) metals can support strong plasmons, with concomitant tight field confinement and large field enhancement. Accordingly, 2D-metal nanostructures exhibiting plasmonic resonances are highly sensitive to the environment and intrinsically suitable for optical sensing. Here, based on a proof-of-concept numerical study, nano-engineered ultrathin 2D-metal films that support infrared plasmons are demonstrated to enable highly responsive refractive index (RI) sensing. For 3 nm-Au nanoribbons exhibiting plasmonic resonances at wavelengths around 1600 nm, a RI sensitivity of SRI &amp;gt; 650 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) is observed for a 100 nm-thick analyte layer. A parametric study of the 2D-Au system indicates the strong dependence of the RI sensitivity on the 2D-metal thickness. Furthermore, for an analyte layer as thin as 1 nm, a RI sensitivity up to 110 (90 nm/RIU) is observed in atomically thin 2D-In (2D-Ga) nanoribbons exhibiting highly localized plasmonic resonances at mid-infrared wavelengths. Our results not only reveal the extraordinary sensing characteristics of 2D-metal systems but also provide insight into the development of 2D-metal-based plasmonic devices for enhanced IR detection.
A HUMERAL COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR IN VIVO 3-D KINEMATICS OF THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT (2009)

The aim of this study was to define axes from clearly identifiable landmarks on the proximal aspect of the humerus and to compare these for reasonable best alternatives to the use of the humeral canal and elbow epicondylar axes to define a humeral coordinate frame (HCF). The elbow epicondylar axis (EC) and six different humeral canal axes (HC) based on varying lengths of humerus were quantified from 21 computed tomography (CT) scans of humeri. Six additional axes were defined using the proximal humerus only. These included a line from the center of a sphere fit on the humeral head to the 3D surface area centroid of the greater tubercle region, (GT). The inclinations of these axes relative to EC were calculated. GT was found to be the most closely aligned to EC (13.4° ± 6.8°). The inclinations of the other axes ranged from 36.3° to 86.8°. The HC axis orientation was found to be insensitive to humeral shaft lengths (variability, within average: 0.6°). This was chosen as one of two axes for the HCF. It was also the most inter-subject related axis to EC with inclination standard deviation of ±1.8°. EC was therefore predicted from this such that if the superior axis [1 0 0] of an image scan is maintained and the humerus rotated to make its quantified HC align superiorly in the direction [0.98 0.01 0.01], then its EC axis lies laterally in the direction [0 0 1]. This study demonstrates that it is possible with confidence to apply an orthogonal coordinate frame to the humerus based on proximal imaging data only.
Design and Characterization of Hover Nano Air Vehicle Propulsion System (2009)

A propulsion system for a Nano-Air Vehicle (NAV), defined as an air vehicle smaller than 7.5 cm and weighing about 10 grams, has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The design features a novel gearless torque-canceling propeller mechanism, with a tightly-integrated counter-rotating electric drive motor. A design procedure that strongly couples the design tradeoff for the electrical motor and the propellers was developed and used to obtain an optimum design minimizing the power consumption at hover thrust. From the test results, the prototype: demonstrated maximum thrust of 17.28 g; provided hover thrust at a power consumption of 1.26 Watts and input voltage of 3.3 Volts, which translates to 20 minutes of hovering endurance; and provided a torque-canceling mechanism capable of canceling up to 99% of torque generated in the motor. Using a combination of 5-bladed and 3-bladed propellers with an operating motor speed of 9,000 rpm, this propulsion system had a noise footprint of 42.55 dBA 1m away from the vehicle, quieter than typical indoor background noise during the day. It is concluded that the propulsion system developed was capable of meeting all the requirements imposed by DARPA.
Teaching top down design of analog/mixed signal ICs through design projects (2007)

This paper describes a project course that focuses on the design of analog and mixed signal circuits through a systematic top down design flow. In the project, the student will be involved in the planning, modeling, circuit level design, physical level implementation and measurement verification of for example a successive approximation (SA) ADC or a class-D audio amplifier. Throughout the project, the project members will improve their design skills and create an understanding for the importance of a systematic top-down design methodology at the different levels of the design flow.
COP: Control & Observability-aware Planning (2022)

In this research, we aim to answer the question: How to combine Closed-Loop State and Input Sensitivity-based with Observability-aware trajectory planning? These possibly op-posite optimization objectives can be used to improve trajectory control tracking and, at the same time, estimation performance. Our proposed novel Control & Observability-aware Planning (COP) framework is the first that uses these possibly opposing objectives in a Single-Objective Optimization Problem (SOOP) based on the Augmented Weighted Tchebycheff method to perform the balancing of them and generation of Bézier curve-based trajectories. Statistically relevant simulations for a 3D quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) case study produce results that support our claims and show the negative correlation between both objectives. We were able to reduce the positional mean integral error norm as well as the estimation uncertainty with the same trajectory to comparable levels of the trajectories optimized with individual objectives.
Scanning Probe Microscopy in Catalysis (2004)

This review discusses the recent progress in the application of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in catalysis. SPM proves to be an invaluable technique for imaging catalytic surfaces and interfaces. Most SPM research is related to the structural and morphological transformation associated with catalyst preparation and use. Real-time SPM observation of surface dynamics including adsorption, diffusion and reaction, provides invaluable insights to the mechanism of catalysis. SPM is also used to shape and manipulate surfaces and surface processes. Fabrication of nanostructured catalysts, direct manipulation of adsorbed atoms and molecules and tip-mediated reactions are some examples of new SPM approach in catalyst research.
Combining speakers of multiple languages to improve quality of neural voices (2021)

In this work, we explore multiple architectures and training procedures for developing a multi-speaker and multi-lingual neural TTS system with the goals of a) improving the quality when the available data in the target language is limited and b) enabling cross-lingual synthesis.We report results from a large experiment using 30 speakers in 8 different languages across 15 different locales.The system is trained on the same amount of data per speaker.Compared to a single-speaker model, when the suggested system is fine tuned to a speaker, it produces significantly better quality in most of the cases while it only uses less than 40% of the speaker's data used to build the singlespeaker model.In cross-lingual synthesis, on average, the generated quality is within 80% of native single-speaker models, in terms of Mean Opinion Score.
Identification of EP4 as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using a Novel Xenograft Model (2010)

More effective therapeutic approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are urgently needed, thus reinforcing the need to understand how prostate tumors progress to castration resistance. We have established a novel mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer, KUCaP-2, which expresses the wild-type androgen receptor (AR) and which produces the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In this model, tumors regress soon after castration, but then reproducibly restore their ability to proliferate after 1 to 2 months without AR mutation, mimicking the clinical behavior of CRPC. In the present study, we used this model to identify novel therapeutic targets for CRPC. Evaluating tumor tissues at various stages by gene expression profiling, we discovered that the prostaglandin E receptor EP4 subtype (EP4) was significantly upregulated during progression to castration resistance. Immunohistochemical results of human prostate cancer tissues confirmed that EP4 expression was higher in CRPC compared with hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Ectopic overexpression of EP4 in LNCaP cells (LNCaP-EP4 cells) drove proliferation and PSA production in the absence of androgen supplementation in vitro and in vivo. Androgen-independent proliferation of LNCaP-EP4 cells was suppressed when AR expression was attenuated by RNA interference. Treatment of LNCaP-EP4 cells with a specific EP4 antagonist, ONO-AE3-208, decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels, suppressed PSA production in vitro, and inhibited castration-resistant growth of LNCaP-EP4 or KUCaP-2 tumors in vivo. Our findings reveal that EP4 overexpression, via AR activation, supports an important mechanism for castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, they prompt further evaluation of EP4 antagonists as a novel therapeutic modality to treat CRPC.
In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging Self-Assembled Monolayers of Mercaptoacetic Acid and Cupric Ion on Au(111) Electrode (2014)

We employed voltammetry and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to study the coadsorption of mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and cupric ions (Cu2+) on Au(111) electrode from 0.5 M sulfuric acid + 0.8 M CuSO4 + 0.03 mM MAA. Irreversibly adsorbed Cu2+ ions were reduced at 0.27 V first then at −0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), ascribed to the underpotential and overpotential deposition processes, respectively. Counting the amount of charge involved in the stripping peak of the Cu deposit rendered quantification of Cu2+ ions codeposited with MAA on the Au(111) electrode, which yielded roughly 7.7 × 1014 Cu2+ ions/cm2. MAA alone and MAA + Cu2+ were adsorbed in Au(111) - (3 × √13) and (p × √3) structures, respectively. Cu2+ could be imaged by the STM, but their high mobility made it difficult to obtain high – quality STM results needed to quantify the amount of adsorbed Cu2+. Spatial structures of MAA molecules segregated onto the Cu deposit were found to vary with potential. They returned to the Au(111) electrode once the Cu deposit was oxidized at E > 0.4 V, yielding MAA + Cu2+ structures different from those seen at the pristine sample.
Floating Offshore WTG Integrated Load Analysis & Optimization Employing a Tuned Mass Damper (2015)

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) present complex design challenges due to the coupled dynamics of the platform motion, mooring system, and turbine control systems, in response to wind and wave loading. This can lead to higher extreme and fatigue loads than a comparable fixed bottom or onshore system. Previous research[1] has shown the potential to reduced extreme and fatigue loads on FOWT using tuned mass dampers (TMD) for structural control. This project aims to reduce maximum loads using passive TMDs located at the tower top during extreme storm events, when grid supplied power for other controls systems may not be available. The Alstom Haliade 6MW wind turbine is modelled on the Glosten Pelastar tension-leg platform (TLP). The primary objectives of this project are to provide a preliminary assessment of the load reduction potential of passive TMDs on real wind turbine and TLP designs.
Peptic ulcer disease (2010)

<italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> infection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin are the most important causes of peptic ulcer disease. Cigarette smoking also increases the risk, but—although often alleged—there is little evidence to implicate psychological stress. Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, which consists of a gastrin-secreting islet cell tumour (gastrinoma) leading to marked hypergastrinemia, is a rare cause of recurrent peptic ulceration....
Antisense oligonucleotides targeting UBE3A-ATS restore expression of UBE3A by relieving transcriptional interference (2021)

Abstract Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternally inherited UBE3A allele. In neurons, the paternal allele of UBE3A is silenced in cis by the long noncoding RNA, UBE3A-ATS . Unsilencing paternal UBE3A by reducing UBE3A-ATS is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of AS. Here we show that targeted cleavage of UBE3A-ATS using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) restores UBE3A and rescues electrophysiological phenotypes in human AS neurons. We demonstrate that cleavage of UBE3A-ATS results in termination of its transcription by displacement of RNA Polymerase II. Reduced transcription of UBE3A-ATS allows transcription of UBE3A to proceed to completion, providing definitive evidence for the transcriptional interference model of paternal UBE3A silencing. These insights into the mechanism by which ASOs restore UBE3A inform the future development of nucleotide-based approaches for the treatment of AS, including alternative strategies for cleaving UBE3A-ATS that can be developed for long-term restoration of UBE3A function.
A 3D human liver model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2020)

A bstract We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH) model by co-culturing four human primary liver cell types: hepatocytes, stellate, endothelial and Kupffer cells. Cells were embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen in 96-well plate and a NASH-like environment was induced with a medium containing free fatty acids (FFAs) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). This model was characterized by biochemical, imaging and transcriptomics analysis. On the one hand, we succeed in defining suitable culture conditions to maintain the 3D co-culture up to 10 days in vitro with the lowest level of steatosis, and reproducible low levels of inflammation and fibrosis. On the other hand, we induced NASH disease with a custom medium mimicking NASH features (hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis). The 10-day cell viability and cost effectiveness of the model make it suitable for medium throughput drug screening and provide attractive avenues to better understand disease physiology and to identify and characterize new drug targets. S ummary We developed a 3D human liver model which exhibits many features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and that could become a platform for medium throughput drug screening.
Degradation Mechanisms of GaN‐Based Vertical Devices: A Review (2020)

This article reviews most recent results on the reliability of vertical GaN‐based devices, by presenting a few case studies focused on the stability and degradation of high‐voltage GaN‐on‐GaN diodes and of GaN‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs). With regard to diodes, two relevant stress conditions are investigated. The first is operation at high forward current that can induce a degradation of the electrical properties of the devices, mostly consisting in an increase in the operating voltage, well correlated to a decrease in the electroluminescence signal emitted by the diodes. This degradation process is ascribed to the diffusion of hydrogen from the highly p‐type doped regions toward the junction, with consequent compensation of the acceptor (Mg) dopant. The second stress regime investigated on diodes is avalanche: specifically, it is shown that polarization‐doped GaN devices may show avalanche capability, and the stability of diodes in avalanche regime is investigated in detail. With regard to transistors, the analysis is focused on GaN‐on‐GaN vertical Fin‐FETs. First, the stability of the threshold voltage under positive gate stress is analyzed, and the role of interface/oxide traps is discussed by experimental characterization. Then, the degradation under positive gate or high‐drain stress is investigated, to provide information on the dominant degradation processes.
Group A streptococci resistant to lincomycin. (1968)

Group A Streptococci Resistant to Lincomycin SIR,-We have isolated group A strepto- cocci resistant to lincomycin, erythromycin, and oleandomycin from patients under treat- ment with lincomycin.
Identification of the Glutaminase Genes ofAspergillus sojaeInvolved in Glutamate Production during Soy Sauce Fermentation (2013)

Glutaminase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate, enhances the umami taste in soy sauce. The Aspergillus sojae genome contains 10 glutaminase genes. In this study, we estimated that approximately 60% of the glutamate in soy sauce is produced through the glutaminase reaction. To determine which glutaminase is involved in soy sauce glutamate production, we prepared soy sauces using single and multiple glutaminase gene disruptants of A. sojae. The glutamate concentration in soy sauce prepared using the ΔgahA-ΔgahB-ΔggtA-Δgls disruptant was approximately 60% lower than that in the control strain, whereas it was decreased by approximately 20-30% in the ΔgahA-ΔgahB disruptant. However, the glutamate concentration was unchanged in the soy sauces prepared using the ΔgahA-ΔggtA-Δgls and ΔgahB-ΔggtA-Δgls disruptants. These results indicate that four glutaminases are involved in glutamate production in soy sauce, and that the peptidoglutaminase activities of GahA and GahB increase the glutamate concentration in soy sauce.
A Chemical Solution Deposition Route To Nanopatterned Inorganic Material Surfaces (2007)

TiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2 patterns (or masks) composed of ordered nanomotifs of various morphologies (i.e., perforations (craters), rings, canyons, wires, dots, or channels) with typical lateral dimensions of <40 nm and thicknesses below 15 nm are presented. They were simply prepared by chemical solution deposition (CSD) of molecular inorganic precursors and commercial block copolymers on bare or hydrophobised silicon wafer surfaces. The various nanostructures are obtained by self-assembly during evaporation and are subsequently stabilized at 500 °C. Compared to other techniques for surface nanopatterning, the present method has the advantage of being cheap, reproducible, and easy to scale up and does not require specialized equipment. The type, dimension, and organization of these motifs were assessed by AFM, FE-SEM, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and GI-SAXS and are shown to depend on the conditions of preparation. We show that the critical parameters for controlling the nanopattern characteristics are the organic to inorganic ratio, the solvent composition, the substrate surface energy, the evaporation temperature, and the quantity of initial solution deposited on the substrate. XPS investigation was used to access the chemical composition of the nanopatterns on the SiO2 surface.
The Benefits of Sparing Lumbar Motion Segments in Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Are Evident at 10 Years Postoperatively (2020)

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Low on-resistance 1.2 kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs integrated with current sensor (2011)

4H-SiC MOSFETs integrated with a current sensor have been fabricated for the first time. The MOSFET shows superior characteristics with a specific on-resistance of 3.7 mΩcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a blocking voltage of 1.4 kV. The deviation of the current ratio (Imain/Isense) stays within 10% in the temperature range between 25°C and 175°C, which is desirable for the current sensor of high power devices. Furthermore, the main current shut-off operation at an over-current detected using the current sensor has been demonstrated successfully.
Measurements ofW±Zproduction cross sections inppcollisions ats=8  TeVwith the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous gauge boson self-couplings (2016)

This paper presents measurements of W AE Z production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The gauge bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and muons. The data were collected in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 . The measured inclusive cross section in the detector fiducial region is W AE Zl 0 ll 35.1 AE 0.9stat AE 0.8sys AE 0.8lumi fb, for one leptonic decay channel. In comparison, the next-to-leading-order Standard Model expectation is 30.0 AE 2.1 fb. Cross sections for W Z and W -Z production and their ratio are presented as well as differential cross sections for several kinematic observables. Limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are derived from the transverse mass spectrum of the W AE Z system. From the analysis of events with a W and a Z boson associated with two or more forward jets an upper limit at 95% confidence level on the W AE Z scattering cross section of 0.63 fb, for each leptonic decay channel, is established, while the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading order is 0.13 AE 0.01 fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are also extracted.