gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Electrodynamic Properties of Polymer Electro-Optic Materials (2002)

The bandwidth of commercial optical telecommunications technology has recently crossed into millimeter-wave frequencies (i.e. 40 GHz), and there is now a strong research effort aimed at extending these bandwidths deeper into millimeter-wave and perhaps even into submillirneter-wave frequencies. Materials with electro-optic optical non-linearities are inherent in such communications systems, since they allow a voltage signal to amplitude or phase modulate an optical carrier. Alternatively, an electro-optic material can be used in conjunction with optical interferometric techniques to form a phase-sensitive detector of THz waves. The fetToelectric perovskites most commonly used as electro-optic materials up to 40 GHz have crippling limitations that render them unusable at bandwidths exceeding 80 to 100 GHz. 1 Therefore, there has very recently been a resurgence of interest in the non-linear optical properties of conjugated polymer-based materials. The very fast and nearly lossless electron transfer along rc-conjugated bonds in such polymers promise a very high intrinsic frequency response with little index dispersion over a very broad bandwidth. Also, recent progress in the chemical synthesis of electro-optic polymers has resulted in materials with electro-optic coefficient as high as 75 pm/V, or greater than three times that of LiNb0 3, which is the most widely used electro-optic material today. Using a combination of vector network analysis and pulsed THz time-domain spectroscopy, we have measured the real and imaginary dielectric properties of several different polymer host matrices and polymer electro-optic chromophores across the frequency range 0.05 to 600 GHz. All these polymer materials have very desirable properties for use as either electro-optic modulators or detectors at millimeterto submillimeter-wave frequencies. The indices-of-refraction measured are all fairly low, in the range of 1.3 to 2.0 for all materials, and show very little dispersion up to at least 200 GHz and even up through 600 GHz in at least one case. Moreover, these index values are within approximately 15% of the corresponding optical indices at 1.5 pm wavelength for each polymer, making the engineering of high-efficiency velocity-matched collinear optical and millimeter-wave waveguides much simpler than with perovskite materials. Finally, these polymers have very small dielectric loss tangents up to at least 250 GHz. Typical loss tangents are comparable to, and in some cases smaller than, the loss tangent of a Teflon reference in this frequency range. Therefore, we expect negligible parasitic dielectric loss in millimeter-wave electro-optic devices made from these materials. As an example of a very wide bandwidth electro-optic device, we have also designed, fabricated, and tested a prototype polymer optical modulator with optical response bandwidth exceeding 200 GHz.
Monte Carlo simulations of Wyoming sodium montmorillonite hydrates (2001)

Monte Carlo simulations have been used to predict the interlayer basal separations of sodium-saturated Wyoming clays at constant stress (NPzzT ensemble) and at constant chemical potential (μVT ensemble). These simulations use the Ewald summation technique to incorporate long-range Coulombic interactions in the calculation of the total potential energy and the pressure tensor. A comparison is made between the use of one, two, and three sheets of clay. It is shown that, for small separations, at least two separate clay sheets must be used to avoid system-size effects. The stable interlamellar separations are determined by combining results from isostress–isothermal and grand canonical simulations. It is shown that, consistent with experiments, at the temperature and pressure studied here, the cations in the interlayer are hydrated, except at the smallest basal separations.
Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Series of Competitive and Central Nervous System-Penetrant Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4) Inhibitors (2021)

The detailed pharmacology and therapeutic potential of the central PAR4 receptors are poorly understood due to a lack of potent, selective, and brain-penetrant tool compounds. Despite this, robust data with biochemical and genetic tools show the therapeutic potential of PAR4 antagonists in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders with a neuroinflammatory component. Thus, we performed a functional HTS campaign, identified a fundamentally new PAR4 competitive inhibitor chemotype, optimized this new series (increased potency >45-fold), discovered enantiospecific activity (though opposing preference for human versus mouse PAR4), and engendered high central nervous system penetration (rat <i>K</i><sub>p</sub>'s of 0.52 to 4.2 and <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub>'s of 0.52 to 1.2).
2P2-B26 A Basic Study for Design of Tactile Feeling (2006)

In order to establish a novel design framework of the operation feeling, we propose two unique approaches. One is the basic study including neuroscience for a haptic illusion in the subliminal aspect. This illusion shows the influences of various sense modalities that are concerned in the normal haptic information processing of humans. We should consider these subliminal influences in the feeling design. Another is the investigation of the transparent and remote touching. We believe that this enhances the perceived quality of tactile information.
Highly selective chiral recognition on polymer supports: preparation of a combinatorial library of dihydropyrimidines and its screening for novel chiral HPLC ligands (1998)

A library of more than 140 racemic 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyrimidines has been synthesized using the single step Biginelli multicomponent condensation; the individual compounds were screened for enantiomer resolution, and the best candidate attached to a solid macroporous polymer support to afford a highly selective separation medium for chiral HPLC.
Extendibility of traditional perpendicular magnetic recording for hard disk drives (2011)

We present an analysis of the extendability of traditional perpendicular recording based on micromagnetic recording simulation and channel cost/performance analysis. The analysis indicates that head field gradient is the single most important factor in realizing densities above 1.0 Tb/in2. The conclusion of this analysis is that 1.5 Tb/in2 may be possible with this technology, but 2 Tb/in2 will be extremely challenging, perhaps impossible even with powerful channel chips. We also examine the extendibility of servo systems, and conclude that either actuator bandwidth must be increased by a factor of 2 from today’s drives or integrated disturbance power spectrum must be decreased by a factor of 2 to reach densities of 2 Tb/in2 and beyond.
Nonparametric 5D D-R2 distribution imaging with single-shot EPI at 21.1 T: Initial results for in vivo rat brain (2022)

In vivo human diffusion MRI is by default performed using single-shot EPI with greater than 50-ms echo times and associated signal loss from transverse relaxation. The individual benefits of the current trends of increasing B<sub>0</sub> to boost SNR and employing more advanced signal preparation schemes to improve the specificity for selected microstructural properties eventually may be cancelled by increased relaxation rates at high B<sub>0</sub> and echo times with advanced encoding. Here, initial attempts to translate state-of-the-art diffusion-relaxation correlation methods from 3 T to 21.1 T are made to identify hurdles that need to be overcome to fulfill the promises of both high SNR and readily interpretable microstructural information.
Maximum transmitting efficiency of wireless power transfer system with resonant/non-resonant transmitting/receiving elements (2010)

The maximum transfer efficiency of WPT system with resonant transmitting/receiving elements and non-resonant transmitting/receiving elements has been analyzed and compared in this paper. It has been observed that the resonant characteristic of transmitting/receiving elements gives little impact on the maximum transfer efficiency when the receiving element is close to the transmitting element, but affects the maximum transfer efficiency greatly when the receiving element is far from the transmitting element.
Radical Reactions in Organic Synthesis (2003)

Abstract The Oxford Chemistry Masters Series is designed to provide clear and concise accounts of important topics - both established and emergent - that may be encountered by chemistry students as they progress from the senior undergraduate stage through post-graduate study to leadership in research. These Masters assume little prior knowledge, other than the foundations provided by an undergraduate degree in chemistry, and lead the reader through to an appreciation of the state of the art in the topic whilst providing an entree to the primary literature in the field. Radical reactions exhibit many of the characteristics desired by synthetic organic chemists: mild, generally neutral experimental conditions; diminished susceptibility to eliminations and rearrangements; relative insensitivity to the nature of the solvent and to steric effects; a compatibility with functional groups that is often complementary to that of ionic and organometallic reactions, obviating in many situations the need for laborious and costly protection-deprotection steps. Yet elementary radical reactions are ultra-fast processes and their taming requires some knowledge of their kinetics and rate constants, which have only relatively recently become available. Not surprisingly, transformations involving radical intermediates have long harboured the reputation of beeing difficult to control, suitable only for the synthesis of polymers and tars. This book provides a description of radical reactions and their applications in organic synthesis. It attempts to show that armed with an elementary knowledge of kinetics and some common sense, it is possible to harness radicals into a tremendously powerful tool for solving synthetic problems. The book starts with a brief historical account and presentation of the basics. It then blends the discussion of the properties of radical processes with the now familiar chemistry of stannanes. Radicals being the same entities, whichever method is used to generate them, a study of the various processes for the creation and capture of radicals constitutes the remainder of the book. Silicon and mercury based techniques as well as the Barton and related decarboxylation procedures are discussed in detail, followed by the Kharasch type atom and group transfer reactions. The increasingly important persistent radical effect, also known as the Fischer-Ingold effect, is examined in the context of non-chain reactions. Both the Kharasch based methods and the persistent radical effect have recently been applied in the emerging field of controlled radical polymerisations. Finally, the vast domain of redox processes is presented in a unified manner with the aim of providing a simple rationale for the multitude of possible transformation. The book concludes with a brief overview and some general practical hints for conducting radical reactions. More than 700 references provide access to the primary literature.
Malignant biliary obstruction: preliminary results of palliative treatment with hepaticogastrostomy under fluoroscopic, endoscopic, and laparoscopic guidance. (1994)

This method yields a good patency rate with few problems. Further investigation is required to evaluate long-term patency and the necessity of laparoscopic guidance.
Worldwide circulation of HSV-2 × HSV-1 recombinant strains (2017)

Homo sapiens harbor two distinct, medically significant species of simplexviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, with estimated divergence 6-8 million years ago (MYA). Unexpectedly, we found that circulating HSV-2 strains can contain HSV-1 DNA segments in three distinct genes. Using over 150 genital swabs from North and South America and Africa, we detected recombinants worldwide. Common, widely distributed gene UL39 genotypes are parsimoniously explained by an initial >457 basepair (bp) HSV-1 × HSV-2 crossover followed by back-recombination to HSV-2. Blocks of >244 and >539 bp of HSV-1 DNA within genes UL29 and UL30, respectively, have reached near fixation, with a minority of strains retaining sequences we posit as ancestral HSV-2. Our data add to previous in vitro and animal work, implying that in vivo cellular co-infection with HSV-1 and HSV-2 yields viable interspecies recombinants in the natural human host.
The Built Environment (2017)

The built environment plays a very important role in the accessibility of public transportation systems. The built environment includes pedestrian paths to stops and stations, local stops, and stations and terminals. There is practice-based information highlighting the importance of the pedestrian environment. Key sources of information in transportation environments are public address announcements, message boards, and video/computer monitors that display arrival and departure information as it becomes available. These systems often create barriers for people with sensory impairments. People movers and carts that share space with pedestrians complicate the terminal environment, increase the noise level, and often create safety hazards. Traditional tactile maps and three-dimensional models can be used effectively as well, but applications are limited, at the present time, to features in the environment that are permanent. New technologies are being introduced that combine three-dimensional models with digital information.
Thyroid Hormones and Thyroxine‐binding Globulin in Relation to Liver Function and Serum Testosterone in Men with Alcoholic Cirrhosis (1988)

In 73 euthyroid male patients with histologically verified alcoholic cirrhosis, thyroid hormones, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and testosterone concentrations (total, non-protein- and non-SHBG-bound) were studied in relation to each other and to the degree of liver dysfunction. Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increased with progressing liver dysfunction. Serum concentrations of tetraiodothyronine (T4), TBG and T4/TBG ratio did not correlate significantly with liver function. Serum T3 concentrations correlated significantly (Kendall Tau-beta = -0.33, p = 0.001) with total serum testosterone concentrations, while there was a negative correlation (Kendall Tau-beta = -0.20, p = 0.025) between testosterone and TSH values. No correlation was found between testosterone concentrations and serum levels of TBG. It is proposed that the association between T3 and TSH on one hand and testosterone concentrations on the other reflects a covariation of these variables with liver function. The TBG level was normal in most patients and was not correlated to testosterone concentrations.
Caged Gammarus fossarum to improve the characterization of contamination levels in continental waters: toward the determination of threshold values (2012)

Chemical biomonitoring (i.e., monitoring contamination in biota) is often proposed as a relevant approach to characterize the contamination of aquatic systems. Indeed, biota is an integrating matrix that enables measurements of hydrophobic substances, representative of the bioavailable fraction. Active chemical biomonitoring (i.e., using transplanted organisms from a reference site) allows controlling several parameters such as variability in exposure time, age and size of sampled organisms, therefore providing comparable results. Such active approaches are well developed in the marine environment (e.g., the French 'Rinbio' network) but they are still an emerging issue for continental waters. Hence, we investigated the suitability of an active biomonitoring approach to assess trends of metals and hydrophobic organic substances contamination in continental waters. The amphipod Gammarus fossarum was selected as the test organism as i) it is a highly ecologically relevant species and ii) it allows controlling easily several biotic factors. Gammarids, sampled from a known unpolluted site, were translocated into cages to 27 sites, in the Rhône-Alpes basin (France) during early autumn 2009. Study sites represented different physico-chemical characteristics and various anthropic pressures. To avoid the influence of biotic factors, only male gammarids with the same average body length were exposed, and gammarids were fed during the experiment. After one week of exposure, concentrations of 5 metals and 28 hydrophobic organic substances, chosen with reference to the Water Framework Directive (WFD), were measured in the organisms. G. fossarum accumulated most of the investigated substances and the proposed caging methodology is a relatively simple tool for chemical biomonitoring of continental waters. To improve the discrimination between anthropically impacted and non-impacted sites, we investigated a statistical approach and a model fit to define threshold values of contamination in gammarids, assuming that any concentration under such a threshold would be assumed as the 'background' concentration.
The BEFWM system for detection and phase conjugation of a weak laser beam (2007)

Real environmental conditions, such as atmospheric turbulence and aero-optics effects, make practical implementation of the object-in-the-loop (TIL) algorithm a very difficult task, especially when the system is set to operate with a signal from the diffuse surface image-resolved object. The problem becomes even more complex since for the remote object the intensity of the returned signal is extremely low. This presentation discusses the results of an analysis and experimental verification of a thresholdless coherent signal receiving system, capable not only in high-sensitivity detection of an ultra weak object-scattered light, but also in its high-gain amplification and phase conjugation. The process of coherent detection by using the Brillouin Enhanced Four Wave Mixing (BEFWM) enables retrieval of complete information on the received signal, including accurate measurement of its wavefront. This information can be used for direct real-time control of the adaptive mirror.
Sudden Death During Primary Hip Arthroplasty (1999)

The records of 23 patients who died intraoperatively during hip arthroplasty at the authors' institution were reviewed. Of the 38,488 hip arthroplasties in 29,431 patients performed between 1969 and 1997, there were 23 deaths during surgery. There were 15 women and eight men with a mean age of 80.9 years. Preoperative diagnoses were acute hip fracture (13 patients), pathologic fracture (four patients), femoral neck nonunion (one patient), osteoarthritis (four patients), and rheumatoid arthritis (one patient). Eleven patients undergoing cemented total hip arthroplasty died and 12 patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty died. All deaths occurred because of irreversible cardiorespiratory disturbances that were initiated during cementing. There were no deaths among 12,551 patients receiving 15,411 uncemented hip arthroplasties during the 28-year period under review. Autopsy was performed in 13 patients. Bone marrow microemboli were seen in the lungs of 11 of 13 patients in whom an autopsy was performed and methylmethacrylate particles were seen in the lungs of three of 13 patients. These data suggest that elderly patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions undergoing cemented arthroplasty, especially for fracture diagnosis, are at increased risk for intraoperative death compared with patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty. In the latter years of the current study, modifications of the operative techniques designed to minimize intramedullary hypertension were associated with a reduction greater than three-fold in overall intraoperative mortality rate. These changes in surgical technique should be considered when cement fixation is used in patients thought to be at risk for having cardiopulmonary disturbances develop from venous embolization of marrow contents.
Holographic Neural Architectures (2018)

Representation learning is at the heart of what makes deep learning effective. In this work, we introduce a new framework for representation learning that we call "Holographic Neural Architectures" (HNAs). In the same way that an observer can experience the 3D structure of a holographed object by looking at its hologram from several angles, HNAs derive Holographic Representations from the training set. These representations can then be explored by moving along a continuous bounded single dimension. We show that HNAs can be used to make generative networks, state-of-the-art regression models and that they are inherently highly resistant to noise. Finally, we argue that because of their denoising abilities and their capacity to generalize well from very few examples, models based upon HNAs are particularly well suited for biological applications where training examples are rare or noisy.
Pharmacologic desensitization for dental phobias: clinical observations. (1991)

The elimination of the extreme fear reported by dental phobic patients traditionally involves psychologic interventions such as systematic desensitization. Observations resulting from a conscious sedation approach, as outlined in two case histories, suggest that a desensitization phenomena is occurring. This pharmacologic desensitization appears to mimic elements of systematic desensitization. Optimal management of fearful patients may sometimes require conjunctive support from both dental behavioral scientists and dental anesthesiologists.
MOBILIZATION OF STEM CELLS FOR IN SITU UROLOGIC TISSUE REGENERATION (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009MOBILIZATION OF STEM CELLS FOR IN SITU UROLOGIC TISSUE REGENERATION Sang Jin Lee, Mark Van Dyke, Anthony Atala, and James J Yoo Sang Jin LeeSang Jin Lee More articles by this author , Mark Van DykeMark Van Dyke More articles by this author , Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author , and James J YooJames J Yoo More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60127-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MOBILIZATION OF STEM CELLS FOR IN SITU UROLOGIC TISSUE REGENERATION." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 41 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 41 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Sang Jin Lee More articles by this author Mark Van Dyke More articles by this author Anthony Atala More articles by this author James J Yoo More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Recovering planar projections of printed clustered-dot halftones (2014)

This paper presents a novel method to recover planar projections (homographies) from perspectively distorted images of clustered-dot halftones. The method uses the variation of the local affine deformation of the halftone (estimated using a Fourier method) to recover the additional projective components. Evidence provided from simulated distortion and mobile capture shows that the approach provides an effective first step in the problem of using mobile device to recover stenographic information embedded in unknown halftone images, as pixel-accurate alignment is needed to recover the data.