gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen accelerates heart regeneration by promoting inflammatory responses in zebrafish (2019)

Abstract Sexual differences are observed in the onset and prognosis of human cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we report that zebrafish heart regeneration is faster in females, can be accelerated by estrogen and suppressed by estrogen-antagonist tamoxifen. Injuries to the heart, but not other tissues, increased plasma estrogen level and expression of estrogen receptors, especially esr2a , in zebrafish hearts. The resulting endocrine disruption induces the expression of female-specific protein vitellogenin in male zebrafish. Transcriptomic analyses suggested heart injuries triggered more pronounced immune and inflammatory responses in females. These responses, previously shown to enhance heart regeneration, could be enhanced by estrogen treatment in males and reduced by tamoxifen in female. Furthermore, a brief exposure to estrogen could precondition zebrafish for an accelerated heart regeneration. Altogether, this study reveals that heart regeneration is modulated by an estrogen-inducible inflammatory response to heart injury. These findings elucidate a previously unknown layer of control in zebrafish heart regeneration and provides a new model system for the study of sexual differences in human cardiac repair.
Production of Metallic Titanium by Electrowinning in Molten Salts of Titanium Oxycarbide Anode (2021)

The electrochemical behavior of Ti3+ in LiCl-LiF-TiF3 salt was investigated by cyclic and square wave voltammetries at 853 K. Both methods confirm the presence of a single reduction wave of Ti3+ ions to metal, at a potential of &minus;2.3 V vs. Cl2/Cl&minus;. The closeness of the potentials of TiCxOy dissolution and Ti3+/Ti4+ wave is an issue during the electrorefining of the anode. A low current density has to be applied to stay within the titanium oxycarbide dissolution and avoid the formation of Ti4+. The titanium deposition was studied by electrorefining of a titanium metal plate in LiCl-LiF-TiF3 (0.62 mol/kg). The cathodic deposit analysis by XRD and SEM confirms the formation of titanium metal with an average grain size of 150 &micro;m. The faradic deposition yields are above 85% and constant between 60 and 160 mA/cm2.
A New Promising Anti-Infective Agent Inhibits Biofilm Growth by Targeting Simultaneously a Conserved RNA Function That Controls Multiple Genes (2021)

Combating single and multi-drug-resistant infections in the form of biofilms is an immediate challenge. The challenge is to discover innovative targets and develop novel chemistries that combat biofilms and drug-resistant organisms, and thwart emergence of future resistant strains. An ideal novel target would control multiple genes, and can be inhibited by a single compound. We previously demonstrated success against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms by targeting the tRNA-dependent regulated T-box genes, not present in the human host. Present in Gram-positive bacteria, T-box genes attenuate transcription with a riboswitch-like element that regulates the expression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and amino acid metabolism genes required for cell viability. PKZ18, the parent of a family of compounds selected in silico from 305,000 molecules, inhibits the function of the conserved T-box regulatory element and thus blocks growth of antibiotic-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> in biofilms. The PKZ18 analog PKZ18-22 was 10-fold more potent than vancomycin in inhibiting growth of <i>S. aureus</i> in biofilms. In addition, PKZ18-22 has a synergistic effect with existing antibiotics, e.g., gentamicin and rifampin. PKZ18-22 inhibits the T-box regulatory mechanism, halts the transcription of vital genes, and results in cell death. These effects are independent of the growth state, planktonic or biofilm, of the bacteria, and could inhibit emergent strains.
Imaging an Oil Droplet under a Latex Film (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTImaging an Oil Droplet under a Latex FilmJ. P. S. Farinha, M. A. Winnik, and K. G. HahnView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6 ICI Paints Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136-1739 Cite this: Langmuir 1999, 15, 20, 7088–7091Publication Date (Web):July 17, 1999Publication History Received24 February 1999Revised2 June 1999Published online17 July 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/la990211lCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (67 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Colloids,Contact angle,Lipids,Liquids,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Healthcare-Associated Myiasis: Prevention and Intervention (2005)

Healthcare-associated myiasis (maggot infestation) can have complications that go well beyond the medical consequences of the infestation for patients, their families, and facilities. Prevention of healthcare-associated myiasis requires effort on two fronts: minimizing patient risk factors and reducing fly populations in the healthcare environment. If myiasis occurs, intervention must be swift, thorough, and interdisciplinary. The first priority always is the well-being of the patient. Preservation and identification of the maggots can help determine the likely timing and circumstances that led to the infestation. Conditions favoring the infestation must be identified and then corrected. Free and rapid communication must be promoted. A single designated knowledgeable spokesperson to communicate with the patient, employees, and, as needed, the media will reduce miscommunication and hasten mitigation. Following the guidelines presented in this document, healthcare facilities should be able to reduce the likelihood of healthcare-associated myiasis and effectively intervene when such events occur.
Signal Pathways Which Promote Invasion and Metastasis: Critical and Distinct Contributions of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Ral-Specific Guanine Exchange Factor Pathways (2001)

Approximately 50% of metastatic tumors contain Ras mutations. Ras proteins can activate at least three downstream signaling cascades mediated by the Raf–MEK–extracellular signal-regulated kinase family, phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase, and Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs). Here we investigated the contribution of RalGEF and ERK activation to the development of experimental metastasis in vivo and associated invasive properties in vitro. Each pathway contributes distinct properties to the metastatic phenotype. Following lateral tail vein injection, 3T3 cells transformed by constitutively active Raf or MEK produced lung metastasis that displayed circumscribed, noninfiltrating borders. In contrast, 3T3 cells transformed by Ras(12V,37G), a Ras effector mutant that activates RalGEF but not Raf or P13 kinase, formed aggressive, infiltrative metastasis. Dominant negative RalB inhibited Ras(12V,37G)-activated invasion and metastasis, demonstrating the necessity of the RalGEF pathway for a fully transformed phenotype. Moreover, 3T3 cells constitutively expressing a membrane-associated form of RalGEF (RalGDS-CAAX) formed invasive tumors as well, demonstrating that activation of a RalGEF pathway is sufficient to initiate the invasive phenotype. Despite the fact that Ras(12V,37G) expression does not elevate ERK activity, inhibition of this kinase by a conditionally expressed ERK phosphatase demonstrated that ERK activity was necessary for Ras(12V,37G)-transformed cells to express matrix-degrading activity in vitro and tissue invasiveness in vivo. Therefore, these experiments have revealed a hitherto-unknown but essential interaction of the RalGEF and ERK pathways to produce a malignant phenotype. The generality of the role of the RalGEF pathway in metastasis is supported by the finding that Ras(12V,37G) increased the invasiveness of epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts.
Attribute-Based Encryption for Arithmetic Circuits. (2013)

We present an Attribute Based Encryption system where access policies are expressed as polynomial size arithmetic circuits. We prove security against arbitrary collusions of users based on the learning with errors problem on integer lattices. The system has two additional useful properties: first, it naturally handles arithmetic circuits with arbitrary fan-in (and fan-out) gates. Second, secret keys are much shorter than in previous schemes: secret key size is proportional to the depth of the circuit where as in previous constructions the key size was proportional to the number of gates or wires in the circuit. The system is well suited for environments where access policies are naturally expressed as arithmetic circuits as is the case when policies capture statistical properties of the data or depend on arithmetic transformations of the data. The system also provides complete key delegation capabilities. 1
Tim‐1 stimulation of dendritic cells regulates the balance between effector and regulatory T cells (2011)

We show that the T-cell immunoglobalin mucin, Tim-1, initially reported to be expressed on CD4(+) T cells, is constitutively expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) and that its expression further increases after DC maturation. Tim-1 signaling into DCs upregulates costimulatory molecule expression and proinflammatory cytokine production, thereby promoting effector T-cell responses, while inhibiting Foxp3(+) Treg responses. By contrast, Tim-1 signaling in T cells only regulates Th2 responses. Using a high-avidity/agonistic anti-Tim-1 antibody as a co-adjuvant enhances the immunogenic function of DCs, decreases the suppressive function of Tregs, and substantially increases proinflammatory Th17 responses in vivo. The treatment with high- but not low-avidity anti-Tim-1 not only worsens experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible mice but also breaks tolerance and induces EAE in a genetically resistant strain of mice. These findings indicate that Tim-1 has an important role in regulating DC function and thus shifts the balance between effector and regulatory T cells towards an enhanced immune response. By understanding the mechanisms by which Tim-1 regulates DC and T-cell responses, we may clarify the potential utility of Tim-1 as a target of therapy against autoimmunity, cancer, and infectious diseases.
Locomotion control of a bio-robotic system via electric stimulation (2002)

This paper investigates the reaction of a living insect to electric stimulation. Artificial electrical stimulation is one of the tools of neuroethology to investigate the neural system. By creating artificial inputs to the system, specific reaction can be observed. The escape turn is a well-known reaction pattern of an insect in response to the appearance of a predator. In the first part we analyze the locomotory reaction of an insect (Periplaneta Americana) to various electrical stimuli. These stimulus-reaction measurements are done on a light-weight styro-foam trackball which is connected to a computer. This allows us to record the turning rate and the forward movement of the insect in response to antennal stimulation. Based on this data a simple mathematical model is established. As a simple example of an autonomous bio-robotic system and to verify the black-box model an electronic backpack which does line-tracking has been built. Using two photosensors as inputs the electronic backpack forces the insect to walk along a black line.
Evaluating the performance of a 193-nm hyper-NA immersion scanner using scatterometry (2007)

Scatterometry techniques are used to characterize the CD uniformity, focus and dose control, as well as the image contrast of a hyper-NA immersion lithography scanner. Results indicate very good scanner control and stability of these parameters, as well as good precision and sensitivity of the metrology techniques.
Serotonin‐ and substance P‐containing projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat (1987)

The objective of the present study was to determine the location of the neurons that give rise to serotonin- and substance P-containing terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii. This was done by injecting rhodamine-filled latex microspheres into the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats to retrogradely label neuronal cell bodies and by processing sections from the brains of these animals to determine whether the labelled neurons contained serotonin or substance P immunoreactivity. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons that projected to the nucleus tractus solitarii were found in the nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe pallidus, and in the ventral medulla, lateral to the pyramidal tract. Substance P-immunoreactive neurons that projected to the nucleus tractus solitarii were found in similar areas but were proportionately less numerous in the nucleus raphe magnus and proportionately more numerous in the nucleus raphe pallidus. It is concluded that neurons in the medullary raphe nuclei, some of which presumably utilize serotonin or substance P as a neurotransmitter, could regulate autonomic function via direct projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Social Contexts and Social Pragmatics (Extended Abstract) (2015)

We consider the social relationships between autonomous principals, assuming that each principal is represented in a computational multiagent system via a unique agent. Work on commitment protocols [1, 7] has shown that the meaning of interactions may be expressed in terms of (social) commitments [3]: C(x, y, p, q) represents an expectation of y (creditor) that x (the debtor) will bring about q (consequent) if p (the antecedent) holds. Further, we consider a decentralized setting where only the local states of the participating principals are available. Each local state reflects what the corresponding principal has observed, and carries the intuition of being a local projection of a notional global state. This raises the question of alignment: given that each agent is confined to its local view, but the commitments are interagent artifacts, how can we ensure that the agents remain in a coherent social state? For instance, when delivery relies on a courier, it will not be directly observable by the shopkeeper. The commitment to the delivery of the goods to the client, taken by the shopkeeper, is satisfied when the courier completes delivery. The client will see such a commitment as satisfied. Absurdly, the shopkeeper, who is not situated to observe this event, will not be able to do so. In human society, the problem is tackled by relying on the concerned parties making suitable claims to one another. We enhance social states in a way that is inspired by such human mechanisms. We adopt the distinction between practical and dialectical commitments [5]. The latter are traditionally used in dialog theory to record the positions taken by the interlocutors. Instead, we adopt a conception that introduces an indirection from objective reality to a commitment by an agent about the reality, C(x, y, r, p) being a claim from x to y about p. We adopt the commitments life-cycle from [6]. Practical and dialectical commitments
Chemistry Is Central to Repairing Genes and Global Health: Reflections on the 2015 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine (2015)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Search for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles ins=8  TeVppcollisions with the ATLAS detector (2016)

The ATLAS experiment has performed extensive searches for the electroweak production of charginos, neutralinos, and staus. This article summarizes and extends the search for electroweak supersymmetry with new analyses targeting scenarios not covered by previously published searches. New searches use vectorboson fusion production, initial-state radiation jets, and low-momentum lepton final states, as well as multivariate analysis techniques to improve the sensitivity to scenarios with small mass splittings and lowproduction cross sections. Results are based on 20 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at ffiffi ffi s p 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. The new and existing searches are combined and interpreted in terms of 95% confidence-level exclusion limits in simplified models, where a single production process and decay mode is assumed, as well as within phenomenological supersymmetric models.
Exponentially more precise quantum simulation of fermions in the configuration interaction representation (2017)

We present a quantum algorithm for the simulation of molecular systems that is asymptotically more efficient than all previous algorithms in the literature in terms of the main problem parameters. As in previous work [Babbush et al., New Journal of Physics 18, 033032 (2016)], we employ a recently developed technique for simulating Hamiltonian evolution, using a truncated Taylor series to obtain logarithmic scaling with the inverse of the desired precision. The algorithm of this paper involves simulation under an oracle for the sparse, first-quantized representation of the molecular Hamiltonian known as the configuration interaction (CI) matrix. We construct and query the CI matrix oracle to allow for on-the-fly computation of molecular integrals in a way that is exponentially more efficient than classical numerical methods. Whereas second-quantized representations of the wavefunction require ˜(N) qubits, where N is the number of single-particle spin-orbitals, the CI matrix representation requires ˜(η) qubits where η≪N is the number of electrons in the molecule of interest. We show that the gate count of our algorithm scales at most as ˜(η2N3t).
Correlation between the DNA supercoiling and the initiation of transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vitro: role of the sequences upstream of the promoter region (1990)

Binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the abortive initiation of transcription at the A2 promoter of bacteriophage T7, separately cloned in pBR322, was found to be strongly dependent on the degree of supercoiling of the plasmid. Supercoiling does not seem to play any role in the initiation of transcription at the T7A1 promoter under identical conditions. Plasmid containing T7A2 promoter was found to be less amenable to S1 nuclease in comparison to that having T7A1. Sequence comparison reveals a high G/C content upstream to the -35 region of T7A2 which by extra duplex stability probably renders the initiation of transcription more dependent on the state of supercoiling of the template.
Microlithographic Assessment of a Novel Family of Transparent and Etch-Resistant Chemically Amplified 193-nm Resists Based on Cyclopolymers (2001)

The evaluation and structural optimization of a family of single layer, positive tone, chemically amplified resists for 193-nm lithography is presented. The resists are formulated from cyclopolymeric materials in which the nature, etch properties, and spatial disposition of the substituents are systematically varied. Their lithographic performance is evaluated on the basis of the interplay between chemical structure, molecular weight, and comonomer composition. These materials have good optical clarity at the desired wavelength, excellent resolution to ca. 90 nm with a phase-shifting mask, and outstanding reactive ion etch resistance.
100G transmission system evaluation using FPGA-based real-time digital signal processing platform (2011)

We review the results of the development of a real-time digital signal processing platform based on ultra high throughput FPGA for 100G digital coherent system. We also summarize WDM transmission performances.
Single-shot 3D coherent diffractive imaging of core-shell nanoparticles with elemental specificity (2018)

We report 3D coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) of Au/Pd core-shell nanoparticles with 6.1 nm spatial resolution with elemental specificity. We measured single-shot diffraction patterns of the nanoparticles using intense x-ray free electron laser pulses. By exploiting the curvature of the Ewald sphere and the symmetry of the nanoparticle, we reconstructed the 3D electron density of 34 core-shell structures from these diffraction patterns. To extract 3D structural information beyond the diffraction signal, we implemented a super-resolution technique by taking advantage of CDI's quantitative reconstruction capabilities. We used high-resolution model fitting to determine the Au core size and the Pd shell thickness to be 65.0 ± 1.0 nm and 4.0 ± 0.5 nm, respectively. We also identified the 3D elemental distribution inside the nanoparticles with an accuracy of 3%. To further examine the model fitting procedure, we simulated noisy diffraction patterns from a Au/Pd core-shell model and a solid Au model and confirmed the validity of the method. We anticipate this super-resolution CDI method can be generally used for quantitative 3D imaging of symmetrical nanostructures with elemental specificity.
Short-Wavelength Light-Blocking Eyeglasses Attenuate Symptoms of Eye Fatigue (2017)

Our results support the hypothesis that short-wavelength light-blocking eyeglasses may reduce eye strain associated with computer use based on a physiologic correlate of eye fatigue and on subjects' reporting of symptoms typically associated with eye strain.
Development of a New Highly Selective Monoclonal Antibody against Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and Identification of the Target Epitope by Bio-Layer Interferometry (2021)

The new anti-PRAME mAb recognizes the folded protein on the surface of cell membranes suggesting that the antibody's epitope is well exposed. BLI sensor chips can be used to identify antibody epitopes.