gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Forensic Laboratory Tests the Berkeley Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Device* (2008)

Miniaturization of capillary electrophoresis onto a microchip for forensic short tandem repeat analysis is the initial step in the process of producing a fully integrated and automated analysis system. A prototype of the Berkeley microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis device was installed at the Virginia Department of Forensic Science for testing. Instrument performance was verified by PowerPlex 16 System profiling of single source, sensitivity series, mixture, and casework samples. Mock sexual assault samples were successfully analyzed using the PowerPlex Y System. Resolution was assessed using the TH01, CSF1PO, TPOX, and Amelogenin loci and demonstrated to be comparable with commercial systems along with the instrument precision. Successful replacement of the Hjerten capillary coating method with a dynamic coating polymer was performed. The accurate and rapid typing of forensic samples demonstrates the successful technology transfer of this device into a practitioner laboratory and its potential for advancing high-throughput forensic typing.
Localized Induction of Gene Expression in Embryonic Stem Cell Aggregates Using Holographic Optical Tweezers to Create Biochemical Gradients (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) cell models that mimic the structure and function of native tissues are enabling more detailed study of physiological and pathological mechanisms in vitro. We have previously demonstrated the ability to build and manipulate 3D multicellular microscopic structures using holographic optical tweezers (HOTs). Here, we show the construction of a precisely patterned 3D microenvironment and biochemical gradient model consisting of mouse embryoid bodies (mEBs) and polymer microparticles loaded with retinoic acid (RA), embedded in a hydrogel. We demonstrate discrete, zonal expression of the RA-inducible protein Stra8 within mEBs in response to release of RA from polymer microparticles, corresponding directly to the defined 3D positioning of the microparticles using HOTs. These results demonstrate the ability of this technology to create chemical microgradients at definable length scales and to elicit, with fidelity and precision, specific biological responses. This technique can be used in the study of in vitro microenvironments to enable new insights on 3D cell models, their cellular assembly, and the delivery of drug or biochemical molecules for engineering and interrogation of functional and morphogenic responses<b>.</b> Graphical abstract.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Dihydroxyphosphonates via Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Unsaturated Phosphonate Esters: Synthesis of Hydroxyaminophosphonates via Cyclic Sulfites. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrophysiologically Guided Pulmonary Vein Isolation During Sustained Atrial Fibrillation (2003)

PV isolation can be effectively and safely performed during sustained AF, preceded in most cases by organization of PV electrogram activity. This strategy may be the preferred alternative to multiple intraprocedural cardioversions.
4B-3 Time Reversal Focusing of Short Pulses (2007)

Time reversal acoustics (TRA) provides a way to focus ultrasound in space and time. Standard TRA focusing system produces tone burst signal with a frequency band limited by the bandwidth of the transducer. For certain medical applications, both in therapy and imaging, a wider bandwidth is required. The goal of this study was to explore a possibility to generate shorter pulses less affected by the limited bandwidth of the transducers of the TRA focusing system. We proposed and tested a technique named "pseudo impulse response (pIR) method" which provides significant extension of the TRA focusing system bandwidth. In addition, the suggested method leads to a decrease of the spatial side lobes and also facilitates the task of creating multiple ultrasound foci.
Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Anodized Aluminum Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation (2006)

The effect of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al and Al-Mg alloy was investigated by electrochemical techniques in a solution containing 0.25 mol/L of AlCl3 and by surface analysis. The time required before initiating pitting corrosion of anodized Al was longer with ECAP than without, indicating improvement in the pitting corrosion resistance by application of ECAP. However, in anodized Al-Mg alloy, the pitting corrosion occurred earlier with ECAP than without, showing that the corrosion resistance was worse with ECAP than without. SEM and EPMA observation revealed that pitting corrosion of anodized Al occurred around the impurity precipitates and that the size of the impurity precipitate decreased as a result of the ECAP. The improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of anodized Al by ECAP appears to be attributable to a decrease in the size of impurity precipitates. On the other hand, in anodized Al-Mg alloy, cracks occurred in the anodic oxide films during initial corrosion and the cracks were larger with ECAP than without. It is assumed that the pitting corrosion was promoted by the cracks resulted from ECAP.
Analysis of multi-rate discrete equivalent of continuous controller (1999)

The paper is concerned with the analysis of multi-rate controllers, which update the controller output faster than the measurement sampling frequency by a factor of N. The controlled system is continuous, and the discrete time controller is obtained as its zero order hold equivalent. After deriving a set of equations necessary for analysis and design of multi-rate systems, the open loop characteristics of the multi-rate controller and the closed loop characteristics are examined. Several physical meanings can be derived from the formulation of the multi-rate controller.
Convergence Analysis of a Steerable Nip Mechanism for Full Sheet Control in Printing Devices (2009)

Current approaches for high speed color printers require sheets be accurately positioned as they arrive to the image transfer station (ITS). This goal has been achieved by designing and building a steerable nip mechanism, which is located upstream from the ITS. This mechanism consists of two rollers that not only rotate to advance the paper along the track, but also steer the paper in the yaw direction. This paper briefly reviews the design and experimental setup of the system, and focuses on the design and analysis of a controller that precisely corrects the lateral, longitudinal, and angular positions of the sheet. The control strategy used is based on linearization by state feedback with the addition of internal loops for the local control of the actuators. This paper also provides a methodology to tune the controller parameters so that the desired performance specifications are met. The success of this mechatronic approach is corroborated through simulation and experimental results, which show that the system is able to correct sheet errors and meet all the performance specifications.
Abstract B42: The lineage-specific transcription factor ASCL1 defines a subtype of neuroendocrine non-small cell lung cancers with poor prognosis and points to potential therapeutic targets (2012)

Abstract The future of cancer therapy relies on identifying certain patient populations that will respond to one treatment but not another based on the properties of the tumor and additionally creating specific drugs that target genetic pathways required for a particular tumor's formation, growth, and maintenance. We have developed a pre-clinical model for a genetically identifiable clade of non-small cell lung cancer that exhibits neuroendocrine features. We utilized whole-genome mRNA expression array data from 119 NSCLC cell lines to identify a class of NSCLC lines that fit the neuroendocrine phenotype (NE-NSCLC). We identified 11 NSCLC cell lines (9.2%) that display a distinct neuroendocrine gene signature. A gene expressed in all putative NE-NSCLC cell lines is the potent neural-specific transcription factor ASCL1. We hypothesize that ASCL1 acts as a “lineage dependent oncogene” for NE-NSCLC and that associated with ASCL1's function in the molecular pathogenesis of these lung cancers will be a gene expression profile that contributes to the malignant phenotype, which will provide insight towards therapeutic targeting of this subset of NSCLC. In this regard, ASCL1 ChIP-Seq data combined with genome wide mRNA expression data identified a subset of genes whose expression appears to be regulated by ASCL1. In NSCLC patient populations, tumors expressing ASCL1 and the neuroendocrine gene signature demonstrated impaired prognosis compared to the other NSCLCs. Knockdown of ASCL1 in representative NSCLC cell lines reduced target gene expression, caused significant cell cycle defects, and induced marked apoptosis. NSCLC cell lines expressing ASCL1 demonstrate a cancer stem cell marker phenotype similar to that of small cell lung cancer, providing clues to the pathogenesis of the NE-NSCLC disease subset. Our results suggest that neuroendocrine gene expression in NSCLC is of clinical relevance, that ASCL1 is required for survival of the NE-NSCLC disease subset, while the integrated ASCL1 ChIP-Seq and mRNA expression data provide a roadmap for systematically searching for therapeutic targets for this phenotype and their mechanistic role in a cancer stem cell (initiating cell) subpopulation within these tumors.
Ultra-Small Pd Nanoparticles on Ceria as an Advanced Catalyst for CO Oxidation (2019)

In this study, we demonstrate the preparation and characterization of small palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on modified ceria support (Pd/CeO2) using wet impregnation and further reduction in an H2/Ar flow. The obtained particles had a good dispersion, but their small size made it difficult to analyze them by conventional techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The material demonstrated a high catalytic activity in the CO oxidation reaction: the 100% of CO conversion was achieved at ~50 °C, whereas for most of the cited literature, such a high conversion usually was observed near 100 °C or higher for Pd NPs. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy in combination with CO probe molecules was used to investigate the size and morphology of NPs and the ceria support. On the basis of the area ratio under the peaks attributed to bridged (B) and linear (L) carbonyls, high-dispersion Pd NPs was corroborated. Obtained results were in good agreement with data of X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis (XANES) and CO chemisorption measurements.
Pushing the Limits of Photonics in the Visible Spectrum (2023)

We demonstrate an ultra-low loss (down to 3.62 dB/m) SiN platform for visible wavelengths where ultra-high Q (up to 2.07 x 10 7 ) microresonators probe the limits of absorption and scattering losses.
Multi-Watt MHz-rate Femtosecond Mid-Infrared Source (2015)

3.4-W average power at 4.1-m wavelength is generated through optical parametric amplification in lithium niobate. The crystal is directly pumped by a mode-locked thin-disk oscillator and seeded with a continuum from an all-normal dispersion fiber.
Nanoscale rectification at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface (2010)

Control over electron transport at scales that are comparable to the Fermi wavelength or mean-free path can lead to a variety of electronic devices. Here we report electrical rectification in nanowires formed by nanoscale control of the metal-insulator transition at the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. Controlled in-plane asymmetry in the confinement potential produces electrical rectification in the nanowire, analogous to what occurs naturally for Schottky diodes or by design in structures with engineered structural inversion asymmetry. Nanostructures produced in this manner may be useful in developing a variety of nanoelectronic, electro-optic, and spintronic devices.
Microphase Separation in Polyelectrolyte Blends: Weak Segregation Theory and Relation to Nuclear “Pasta” (2020)

We develop the weak segregation theory of microphase separation in stoichiometric blends of oppositely and weakly charged polyelectrolytes, which would be immiscible in the absence of charged units. Short-range repulsions between polycation and polyanion monomers induce the formation of oppositely charged domains, the size of which is controlled by their excess Coulomb energy. The diagram of blend morphologies is constructed in the framework of Leibler’s mean-field approach and to account for fluctuations within the Brazovskii–Fredrickson–Helfand approximation. Phase behavior of the polyelectrolyte blends is fully analogous to that of neutral diblock copolymers. The mean-field analysis predicts that the order–disorder transition (ODT) is second order for the symmetric blend. In asymmetric mixtures, an increasing incompatibility between polyelectrolytes triggers the usual cascade of first-order phase transitions, dis → bcc → hex → lam. Fluctuations alter the phase diagram topology and allow the direct transitions from the disordered state (dis) to hex and lam microphases; for the symmetric blend, ODT becomes weakly first order. We also discuss that both microphase separation in polyelectrolyte blends and the formation of nuclear “pasta” phases within neutron stars are governed by similar physical principles, despite the 6 orders of magnitude difference in the periods of these structures.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLSUBSTITUIERTE VB‐ELEMENTSYSTEME 4. MITT. ANTIMON(V)‐UEBERGANGSMETALL‐VERBINDUNGEN MIT KOVALENTEM UND IONISCHEM BAUPRINZIP (1974)

Abstract Die Sb(V)‐KompleAxe (I), charakterisiert durch IR‐ und NMR‐Daten, sind durch Reaktion′ von Dialkylantimonidoübergangsmetallverbindungen (II) mit Brg zugänglich.
Evidence of target enhancement and distractor suppression in early visual areas (2023)

Although the mechanisms of target enhancement and distractor suppression have been investigated along the visual processing hierarchy, there remains some unknown as to the role of perceptual load on the competition between different task-related information as attention deployment is manipulated. We present an fMRI spatial cueing paradigm, in which 32 participants had to attend to either a left or a right hemifield location and to indicate the orientation of the target Gabor that was presented simultaneously to a noise patch distractor. Critically, the target could appear at either the cued, valid location or at the uncued, invalid location; in the latter, the noise patch distractor appeared at the cued location. Perceptual load was manipulated by the presence or absence of high-contrast Gabor patches close to the fixation cross, which acted as lateral masks. Behavioural results indicated that participants performed more efficiently in validly cued trials compared to invalidly cued trials and under low compared to high load. Enhancement effects for targets and suppression effects for noise patches were greater in early visual areas at high load, that is in the presence of lateral masks. These results are in line with the hypothesis that attention results in both target enhancement and distractor suppression, and that these effects are most marked under high perceptual load. Theoretical implications of these results for different models of attention are discussed.
Ultrafast nonlinearities of semiconductor metasurfaces (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Optical metasurfaces are regular quasi-planar nanopatterns that can apply diverse spatial and spectral transformations to light waves. A critical challenge is to realize a technique of tuning their optical properties that is both fast and efficient. We will overview our recent results on controlling the properties of semiconductor-based metasurfaces with femtosecond laser pulses. Starting from silicon metasurfaces, where the instantaneous effect of two-photon absorption can be utilized to show all-optical switching as fast as 65 fs, we will show how direct-gap semiconductors can enable extremely nonlinear metasurfaces. In particular, it is experimentally shown that magnetic dipole resonances of GaAs nanoresonators can be tuned by almost full width at half maximum by ultrafast injection and relaxation of free carriers. We will also show that dynamic epsilon-near-zero and plasmonic regimes can be realized at longer wavelengths, making a smooth transition between plasmonic and all-dielectric metasurfaces.
Silicon nitride passive and active photonic integrated circuits: trends and prospects (2022)

The use of silicon nitride in integrated photonics has rapidly progressed in recent decades. Ultra-low-loss waveguides based on silicon nitride are a favorable platform for the research of nonlinear and microwave photonics and their application to a wide variety of fields, including precision metrology, communications, sensing, imaging, navigation, computation, and quantum physics. In recent years, the integration of Si and III-V materials has enabled new large-scale, advanced silicon nitride-based photonic integrated circuits with versatile functionality. In this perspective article, we review current trends and the state-of-the-art in silicon nitride-based photonic devices and circuits. We highlight the hybrid and heterogeneous integration of III-V with silicon nitride for electrically pumped soliton microcomb generation and ultra-low-noise lasers with fundamental linewidths in the tens of mHz range. We also discuss several ultimate limits and challenges of silicon nitride-based photonic device performance and provide routes and prospects for future development.
Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors (2006)

This paper presents CMP Cooperative Caching, a unified framework to manage a CMP’s aggregate on-chip cache resources. Cooperative caching combines the strengths of private and shared cache organizations by forming an aggregate "shared" cache through cooperation among private caches. Locally active data are attracted to the private caches by their accessing processors to reduce remote on-chip references, while globally active data are cooperatively identified and kept in the aggregate cache to reduce off-chip accesses. Examples of cooperation include cache-to-cache transfers of clean data, replication-aware data replacement, and global replacement of inactive data. These policies can be implemented by modifying an existing cache replacement policy and cache coherence protocol, or by the new implementation of a directory-based protocol presented in this paper. Our evaluation using full-system simulation shows that cooperative caching achieves an off-chip miss rate similar to that of a shared cache, and a local cache hit rate similar to that of using private caches. Cooperative caching performs robustly over a range of system/cache sizes and memory latencies. For an 8-core CMP with 1MB L2 cache per core, the best cooperative caching scheme improves the performance of multithreaded commercial workloads by 5-11% compared with a shared cache and 4-38% compared with private caches. For a 4-core CMP running multiprogrammed SPEC2000 workloads, cooperative caching is on average 11% and 6% faster than shared and private cache organizations, respectively.
Nuclear receptor regulation of stemness and stem cell differentiation (2009)

Stem cells include a diverse number of toti-, pluri-, and multi-potent cells that play important roles in cellular genesis and differentiation, tissue development, and organogenesis. Genetic regulation involving various transcription factors results in the self-renewal and differentiation properties of stem cells. The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is composed of 48 ligand-activated transcription factors involved in diverse physiological functions such as metabolism, development, and reproduction. Increasing evidence shows that certain NRs function in regulating stemness or differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and tissue-specific adult stem cells. Here, we review the role of the NR superfamily in various aspects of stem cell biology, including their regulation of stemness, forward- and trans-differentiation events; reprogramming of terminally differentiated cells; and interspecies differences. These studies provide insights into the therapeutic potential of the NR superfamily in stem cell therapy and in treating stem cell-associated diseases (e.g., cancer stem cell).
Tuning Selectivities in Gas Separation Membranes Based on Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles (2020)

Polymer membranes are critical to many sustainability applications that require the size-based separation of gas mixtures. Despite their ubiquity, there is a continuing need to selectively affect the transport of different mixture components while enhancing mechanical strength and hindering aging. Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (GNPs) have recently been explored in the context of gas separations. Membranes made from pure GNPs have higher gas permeability and lower selectivity relative to the neat polymer because they have increased mean free volume. Going beyond this ability to manipulate the mean free volume by grafting chains to a nanoparticle, the conceptual advance of the present work is our finding that GNPs are spatially heterogeneous transport media, with this free volume distribution being easily manipulated by the addition of free polymer. In particular, adding a small amount of appropriately chosen free polymer can increase the membrane gas selectivity by up to two orders of magnitude while only moderately reducing small gas permeability. Added short free chains, which are homogeneously distributed in the polymer layer of the GNP, reduce the permeability of all gases but yield no dramatic increases in selectivity. In contrast, free chains with length comparable to the grafts, which populate the interstitial pockets between GNPs, preferentially hinder the transport of the larger gas and thus result in large selectivity increases. This work thus establishes that we can favorably manipulate the selective gas transport properties of GNP membranes through the entropic effects associated with the addition of free chains.
Minimum channel spacing in filtered soliton wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission (1996)

We study a soliton transmission line with sliding-frequency filters, and we determine the limits on soliton stability imposed by the value of the free spectral range of Fabry-Perot étalon filters. From these limits, we infer the minimum channel spacing that is possible in a soliton wavelength-division-multiplexing system.
Holographic chemical vapor sensor (2005)

A holographic interferometer senses vapor-induced optical path length changes in polymer or other chemically sensitive films. The interferometer is inherently sensitive to changes in chemical vapor content, self-compensates for drifts, and accommodates a large array of sensor elements. A sniff-locked-loop synchronous detection method takes advantage of the interferometer's rapid response to achieve vapor concentration sensitivity in the parts-per-billion (ppb, parts in 10(9)) range. We demonstrate, for example, 40 ppb sensitivity to ethyl alcohol using poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) with a measurement time of 5 s.