gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronics and sensors based on pyroelectric AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2003)

Electronic transport in semiconductors that possess high internal spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization opens up a new field of pyroelectronics and pyrosensors. The pyroelectric character of group-III-nitrides with wurtzite crystal structure yields a novel degree of freedom in designing and tailoring devices for modern micro- and nanoelectronic applications. Furthermore, spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization induced surface and interface charges can be used to develop very sensitive but robust sensors for the detection of ions, gases and polar liquids. We present a review of both theoretical and experimental studies of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization present in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures as well as the electronic transport properties of polarization induced two-dimensional electron gases which are formed at the AlGaN/GaN interface due to the difference in the total polarization of two adjacent III-nitride layers. We demonstrate that the two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) achieved without modulation doping are very suitable as channel of high electron mobility transistors optimally suited for high power and high frequency applications (PART A) as well as for various kinds of sensors which can be operated in harsh environments (PART B). (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glycolipids of fetal, newborn, and adult erythrocytes: glycolipid pattern and structural study of H3-glycolipid from newborn erythrocytes (1983)

The glycolipids of blood group type O adult, newborn, and fetal erythrocytes were compared. The total amount of glycolipids was indistinguishable between adult and newborn erythrocytes. However, glycolipids with long and neutral carbohydrates and the H determinant were greatly reduced in newborn cells. On the other hand, the amount of sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) was significantly higher in newborn cells, suggesting that during erythropoiesis sialyltransferases are more active in fetuses than in adults. The amount of each core structure, lacto-N-tetraosyl, linear lacto-N-hexaosyl, and branched lacto-N-octaosyl, was compared between adult and newborn erythrocytes. It was found that branched lacto-series glycolipids were reduced in newborn cells compared with adult cells. Thus, development from fetal to adult human erythrocytes is associated with an increase of branching and a decrease of sialylation of N-acetyllactosaminyl carbohydrate chains. The study indicates that glycolipids are quantitatively different between adult and newborn or fetus.
Hepatic miR‐29ab1 expression modulates chronic hepatic injury (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, regulatory non-coding RNAs that have potent effects on gene expression. Several miRNA are deregulated in cellular processes involved in human liver diseases and regulation of cellular processes. Recent studies have identified the involvement of miR-29 in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis. Although several targets of miR-29 have been identified, there is limited information regarding the cell-type specific roles of miR-29 in the liver, and we sought to evaluate the role of this miRNA in hepatic pathobiology. We report the generation of a tissue-specific knockout mouse to evaluate the role of miR-29 in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis in response to injury. We hypothesized that miR-29 contributes to the hepatocyte driven response to chronic cellular injury that results in fibrosis. In support of this hypothesis, fibrosis and mortality were enhanced in miR29 knockout mice in response to carbon tetrachloride. Genome-wide gene expression analysis identified an over-representation of genes associated with fibrosis. The oncofetal RNA H19 was modulated in a miR-29 dependent manner following exposure to carbon tetrachloride in vivo. The impact of a hepatocyte specific miR-29 knockout on survival following chronic hepatic injury in vivo implicates this miRNA as a potential target for intervention. These results provide evidence of the involvement of miR-29 in chronic hepatic injury, and suggest a role for deregulated hepatocyte expression of miR-29 in the response to hepatic injury, fibrosis and carcinogenesis.
Multiprocessor-Based Placement by Simulated Annealing (1986)

Simulated annealing methods have proven to be particularly successful in physical design applications, but often require burdensome, long run times. This paper studies the design and analysis of standard cell placement by annealing in a multiprocessor environment. Annealing is not static: we observe that the temperature parameter which controls hill-climbing in simulated annealing changes the behavior of an annealing algorithm as it runs, and strongly influences the choice of multiprocessor partitioning strategy. We introduce the idea of adaptive strategies that exhibit different speedups across different temperature ranges. Measured performance of parallel placement algorithms running on a multiprocessor demonstrate practical speedups consistent with our predictions.
SHRIMP (2010)

Dictionary-based disambiguation (DBD) is a very popular solution for text entry on mobile phone keypads but suffers from two problems: 1. the resolution of encoding collision (two or more words sharing the same numeric key sequence) and 2. entering out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. In this paper, we present SHRIMP, a system and method that addresses these two problems by integrating DBD with camera based motion sensing that enables the user to express preference through a tilting or movement gesture. SHRIMP (Small Handheld Rapid Input with Motion and Prediction) runs on camera phones equipped with a standard 12-key keypad. SHRIMP maintains the speed advantage of DBD driven predictive text input while enabling the user to overcome DBD collision and OOV problems seamlessly without even a mode switch. An initial empirical study demonstrates that SHRIMP can be learned very quickly, performed immediately faster than MultiTap and handled OOV words more efficiently than DBD.
Advanced 3D Technologies and Architectures for 3D Smart Image Sensors (2019)

Image Sensors will get more and more pervasive into their environment. In the context of Automotive and IoT, low cost image sensors, with high quality pixels, will embed more and more smart functions, such as the regular low level image processing but also object recognition, movement detection, light detection, etc. 3D technology is a key enabler technology to integrate into a single device the pixel layer and associated acquisition layer, but also the smart computing features and the required amount of memory to process all the acquired data. More computing and memory within the 3D Smart Image Sensors will bring new features and reduce the overall system power consumption. Advanced 3D technology with ultra-fine pitch vertical interconnect density will pave the way towards new architectures for 3D Smart Image Sensors, allowing local vertical communication between pixels, and the associated computing and memory structures. The presentation will give an overview of recent 3D technologies solutions, such as Hybrid Bonding technology and the Monolithic 3D CoolCube™ technology, with respective 3D interconnect pitch in the order of 1 μm and l00nm. Recent 3D Image Sensors will be presented, showing the capability of 3D technology to implement fine grain pixel acquisition and processing with ultra-high speed image acquisition and tile-based processing. As further perspectives, multi-layer 3D image sensor based on events and spiking will reduce power consumption with new detection and learning processing capabilities.
Bringing organic semiconductor material a step closer to the mass market (2010)

In this paper, we introduce Merck's general approach for the development of organic semiconductor
formulations. We focus on solution processable materials with the idea of developing industry-compatible
processes to enable mass market penetration. We give examples of Merck's formulations achieving
reproducible mobilities in the region of 2 cm 2 /Vs in BG OTFT.
We review the importance of process development for a specific application, giving examples of
supporting materials and formulations needed to facilitate usage, which covers dielectric development.
Research on Teaching Human Resource Management in Colleges and Universities Based on Vocational Competence Development (2023)

With the rapid development of social and economic changes, enterprises have made great changes to human resource management positions, which also put forward higher requirements for students of human resource management in colleges and universities. Based on deepening theoretical teaching, human resource management teaching in colleges and universities should cultivate the students' vocational ability and improve their comprehensive quality. This paper mainly analyzes the teaching of human resource management in colleges and universities based on the cultivation of vocational ability and puts forward some corresponding solution strategies for commonly existing problems.
The process of a Bi-2223/Ag ribbon sintering studied by the method of acoustic emission (2001)

The secondary sintering of a Bi-2223/Ag ribbon, following the stages of primary sintering and rolling to a strain of ε∼18%, was studied by methods based on the acoustic emission, thermal expansion, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. During the second thermal treatment, a signal of acoustic emission from the ribbon was detected in a temperature range from 570 to 660°C. The process of liquid-phase healing of the rolling cracks in the ribbon material is considered as a reason of the acoustic emission. The possibility of using the acoustic emission measurements for nondestructive testing in the Bi-2223/Ag ribbon fabrication technology is considered.
Immersive boundary conditions for meta-material experimentation (2019)

In immersive experimentation, a physical experimentation domain is immersed in a numerical simulation such that waves propagate seamlessly from the physical domain into the numerical simulation and vice-versa. The interaction, governed by a novel immersive boundary condition (IBC), takes place in real-time using hundreds of sources and sensors surrounding the medium connected through a low-latency acquisition, compute and control system. IBCs are currently being realized for acoustic and elastic waves. The ability to impose arbitrary IBCs on an experimentation domain presents unique opportunities for research into novel phononic and parity-time symmetric (PTS) meta-materials. We first show how IBCs can be used to realize phononic materials with arbitrary inclusions by imposing 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D periodic conditions on the boundaries of the experimentation domain. Only one or few unit cells have to be constructed to physically create a complete phononic crystal and reproduce its properties if assumed a component of an infinite periodic lattice. Second, we show how IBCs can be used to implement the gain component of a PTS medium. Since the gain is implemented in the numerical simulation it can be arbitrarily adjusted to exactly balance the experimentally realized loss. Numerical validations and initial experimental results will be presented.
Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers in renal-transplant recipients (2003)

The incidence of prostate cancer in RTR appeared to be higher than expected. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing should be performed routinely each year in renal transplantation centers.
THE EFFECT OF TAUROLIN A WELL CHARACTERIZED PRETREATMENT MODEL OF SEPSIS IN RABBITS (1994)

Schwaitzberg, Steven D. M.D.; Paddock, Heather N.; Wakabayashi, Go M.D; Callahan, Michael M.S.; Dinarello, Charles A. M.D; Gelfand, Jeffrey A. M.D Author Information
Large and Externally Positioned Ligand-Coated Nanopatches Facilitate the Adhesion-Dependent Regenerative Polarization of Host Macrophages (2020)

Macrophages can associate with extracellular matrix (ECM) demonstrating nanosequenced cell-adhesive RGD ligand. In this study, we devised barcoded materials composed of RGD-coated gold and RGD-absent iron nanopatches to show various frequencies and position of RGD-coated nanopatches with similar areas of iron and RGD-gold nanopatches that maintain macroscale and nanoscale RGD density invariant. Iron patches were used for substrate coupling. Both large (low frequency) and externally positioned RGD-coated nanopatches stimulated robust attachment in macrophages, compared with small (high frequency) and internally positioned RGD-coated nanopatches, respectively, which mediate their regenerative/anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. The nanobarcodes exhibited stability <i>in vivo</i>. We shed light into designing ligand-engineered nanostructures in an external position to facilitate host cell attachment, thereby eliciting regenerative host responses.
Deep Neural Networks with Massive Learned Knowledge (2016)

Regulating deep neural networks (DNNs) with human structured knowledge has shown to be of great benefit for improved accuracy and interpretability. We develop a general framework that enables learning knowledge and its confidence jointly with the DNNs, so that the vast amount of fuzzy knowledge can be incorporated and automatically optimized with little manual efforts. We apply the framework to sentence sentiment analysis, augmenting a DNN with massive linguistic constraints on discourse and polarity structures. Our model substantially enhances the performance using less training data, and shows improved interpretability. The principled framework can also be applied to posterior regularization for regulating other statistical models.
CD28-mediated regulation of multiple myeloma cell proliferation and survival (2007)

Although interactions with bone marrow stromal cells are essential for multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival, the specific molecular and cellular elements involved are largely unknown, due in large part to the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment itself. The T-cell costimulatory receptor CD28 is also expressed on normal and malignant plasma cells, and CD28 expression in MM correlates significantly with poor prognosis and disease progression. In contrast to T cells, activation and function of CD28 in myeloma cells is largely undefined. We have found that direct activation of myeloma cell CD28 by anti-CD28 mAb alone induces activation of PI3K and NFkappaB, suppresses MM cell proliferation, and protects against serum starvation and dexamethasone (dex)-induced cell death. Coculture with dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the CD28 ligands CD80 and CD86 also elicits CD28-mediated effects on MM survival and proliferation, and DCs appear to preferentially localize within myeloma infiltrates in primary patient samples. Our findings suggest a previously undescribed myeloma/DC cell-cell interaction involving CD28 that may play an important role in myeloma cell survival within the bone marrow stroma. These data also point to CD28 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of MM.
Scalable HetNet interference management and the impact of limited channel state information (2015)

Interference management is important in wireless cellular networks such as long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-A, where orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), dense frequency reuse and heterogeneous cell sizes and capabilities provide great performance at the cost of increased network complexity. The layered structures of emerging cellular networks and their dynamic environments limit greatly the efficacy of traditional static interference management methods. Furthermore, conventional interference coordination techniques assume that perfect channel knowledge is available and that the signalling overhead can be neglected. In this paper, we analyse a heterogeneous LTE OFDMA downlink network composed by macro-, pico- and femtocells. We propose a low-complexity, distributed and cooperative interference mitigation method which is aware of network load and propagation conditions. The proposed method is fully scalable and addresses the interference received by the macro and pico layer and the interference received by femtocells separately. The new solution makes use of the iterative Hungarian algorithm, which effectively reduces interference and enhances the quality of service of starved users when compared to other state-of-the-art solutions. The proposed method outperforms static solutions by providing comparable results for the cell edge users (the proposed solution delivers 86% of the gain of a static frequency reuse 3) while presenting no loss at the cell centre, compared to an 18% loss of the frequency reuse 3 in a homogeneous scenario. In a heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment, it generates a gain of 45% for the combined macro and pico edge users at a very small cost for the cell centre lower than 4% when compared with standard resource allocation. It optimizes greatly picocell performance, with improvements of more than 50% at a small cost for femtocell users (15%). In order to apply the proposed method to a practical network, the impact of the necessary quantization of channel state information on the interference management solution is studied and results show that signalling overhead can be contained while performance is improved by increasing resolution on the portions of the bandwidth more likely to be assigned to the users.
Power factor correction using magnetic energy recovery current switches (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch (MERS). The switch consists of four MOSFET elements and one capacitor. A power factor improvement is automatically possible regardless of the impedance and power frequency of the load by synchronized switching of MERS with a power supply. MERS itself generates voltage and compensates for the inductance voltage unlike a conventional series capacitor, so that another DC power supply is not needed. An experiment was carried out to demonstrate the automatic correction of the power factor. We can also expect energy saving of electromachines such as an electric motor by the power factor correction with MERS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 56–62, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20321
Natural and Induced Fracture Diagnostics from 4-D VSP Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs (2008)

Tight gas sand reservoirs generally contain thick gas-charged intervals that often have low porosity and very low permeability. Natural and induced fractures provide the only means of production. The objective of this work is to locate and characterize natural and induced fractures from analysis of scattered waves recorded on 4-D (time lapse) VSP data in order to optimize well placement and well spacing in these gas reservoirs. Using model data simulating the scattering of seismic energy from hydraulic fractures, we first show that it is possible to characterize the quality of fracturing based upon the amount of scattering. In addition, the picked arrival times of recorded microseismic events provide the velocity moveout for isolating the scattered energy on the 4-D VSP data. This concept is applied to a field dataset from the Jonah Field in Wyoming to characterize the quality of the induced hydraulic fractures. The time lapse (4D) VSP data from this field are imaged using a migration algorithm that utilizes shot travel time tables derived from the first breaks of the 3D VSPs and receiver travel time tables based on the microseismic arrival times and a regional velocity model. Four azimuthally varying shot tables are derived from picks of the first breaks of over 200 VSP records. We create images of the fracture planes through two of the hydraulically fractured wells in the field. The scattered energy shows correlation with the locations of the microseismic events. In addition, the azimuthal scattering is different from the azimuthal reflectivity of the reservoir, giving us more confidence that we have separated the scattered signal from simple formation reflectivity. Variation of the scattered energy along the image planes suggests variability in the quality of the fractures in three distinct zones.
GPU rasterization for real-time spatial aggregation over arbitrary polygons (2017)

Visual exploration of spatial data relies heavily on spatial aggregation queries that slice and summarize the data over different regions. These queries comprise computationally-intensive point-in-polygon tests that associate data points to polygonal regions, challenging the responsiveness of visualization tools. This challenge is compounded by the sheer amounts of data, requiring a large number of such tests to be performed. Traditional pre-aggregation approaches are unsuitable in this setting since they fix the query constraints and support only rectangular regions. On the other hand, query constraints are defined interactively in visual analytics systems, and polygons can be of arbitrary shapes. In this paper, we convert a spatial aggregation query into a set of drawing operations on a canvas and leverage the rendering pipeline of the graphics hardware (GPU) to enable interactive response times. Our technique trades-off accuracy for response time by adjusting the canvas resolution, and can even provide accurate results when combined with a polygon index. We evaluate our technique on two large real-world data sets, exhibiting superior performance compared to index-based approaches.
Small-signal modeling of HBTs using a hybrid optimization/statistical technique (1998)

A new formulation for extracting the elements of the small-signal equivalent-circuit model of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is proposed in this paper. This approach avoids the main problem of the conventional extraction methods which, in most cases, is the use of brute-force optimization techniques to extract a large number of parameters. At the beginning, this technique first uses the extraction procedure of a low-frequency HBT model. An analytical formulation that allows the reduction of the number of the unknowns of the low-frequency model to only two, which have to be calculated using a suitable optimization technique, is described. This makes the optimization problem much easier to handle and increases the probability for converging to the actual elements of the model, thus avoiding the converging to spurious solutions. Secondly, in order to extend the model to higher frequencies, a statistical approach is proposed to extract parasitic extrinsic elements. An experimental validation is carried out on three HBT devices and satisfactory results are obtained up to 30 GHz.
First Beam to FACET (2011)

The SLAC 3km linear electron accelerator has been reconfigured to provide a beam of electrons to the new Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) while simultaneously providing an electron beam to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). On June 23, 2011, the first electron beam was transported through this new facility. Commissioning of FACET is in progress. On June 23, 2011, an electron beam was successfully transported through the new FACET system to a dump in Sector 20 in the linac tunnel. This was achieved while the last third of the linac, operating from the same control room, but with a separate injector system, was providing an electron beam to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), demonstrating that concurrent operation of the two facilities is practical. With the initial checkout of the new transport line essentially complete, attention is now turning toward compressing the electron bunches longitudinally and focusing them transversely to support a variety of accelerator science experiments.