gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Thermal Desorption Process Can Extend Life of Base Oil and Reduce Energy Costs (2007)

Abstract In many cases, the primary waste management challenge facing operators is drilled cuttings generated using oil- or synthetic-based fluids (OBF, SBF). Low temperature thermal desorption units (TDUs) are commonly used treatment systems for removing oil from cuttings. The oil recovered from the thermal desorption process is often reused to make oil-based fluids. However, base oils change during the thermal desorption process, and these changes can have a detrimental impact on the performance of the base oil. In some cases the base oil can break down. Typically the base oil used to formulate an OBF or SBF is selected for economical, drilling and logistical reasons and rarely, if ever, the thermal properties of the base oil. The thermal treatment company is left to determine how best to recover the oil so that the thermal degradation is minimal and the oil is suitable for reuse. To lower energy consumption and preserve the performance of the base oil, it is important to identify a base oil that has either a lower temperature for desorption or higher resistance to thermal degradation during the thermal desorption process. Ideally, a base oil would be chosen that incorporated both properties. The results of this study show that by correctly evaluating and selecting the base oil, the operator can benefit from using a fluid that may be much more suitable for reuse and will require much less energy to thermally treat. This paper describes how to achieve both of these goals using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, Gas Chromatography / Mass Spec and a low-temperature retort. Determining the optimal desorption temperature is also an important factor. The oils recovered using these methods contain no oxygenated products and exhibit little thermal degradation. Residual oil from on cuttings is less than 1% (w/w). A practical methodology for base oil selection also is included in this discussion.
Sector Tests of a Low-NO(sub x), Lean, Direct- Injection, Multipoint Integrated Module Combustor Concept Conducted (2002)

The low-emissions combustor development described is directed toward advanced high pressure aircraft gas-turbine applications. The emphasis of this research is to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) at high-power conditions and to maintain carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons at their current low levels at low power conditions. Low-NOx combustors can be classified into rich-burn and lean-burn concepts. Lean-burn combustors can be further classified into lean-premixed-prevaporized (LPP) and lean direct injection (LDI) concepts. In both concepts, all the combustor air, except for liner cooling flow, enters through the combustor dome so that the combustion occurs at the lowest possible flame temperature. The LPP concept has been shown to have the lowest NOx emissions, but for advanced high-pressure-ratio engines, the possibility of autoignition or flashback precludes its use. LDI differs from LPP in that the fuel is injected directly into the flame zone, and thus, it does not have the potential for autoignition or flashback and should have greater stability. However, since it is not premixed and prevaporized, good atomization is necessary and the fuel must be mixed quickly and uniformly so that flame temperatures are low and NOx formation levels are comparable to those of LPP. The LDI concept described is a multipoint fuel injection/multiburning zone concept. Each of the multiple fuel injectors has an air swirler associated with it to provide quick mixing and a small recirculation zone for burning. The multipoint fuel injection provides quick, uniform mixing and the small multiburning zones provide for reduced burning residence time, resulting in low NOx formation. An integrated-module approach was used for the construction where chemically etched laminates, diffusion bonded together, combine the fuel injectors, air swirlers, and fuel manifold into a single element. The multipoint concept combustor was demonstrated in a 15 sector test. The configuration tested had 36 fuel injectors and fuel-air mixers that replaced two fuel injectors in a conventional dual-annular combustor. During tests, inlet temperatures were up to 870 K and inlet pressures were up to 5400 kPa. A correlation was developed that related the NOx emissions with the inlet temperature, inlet pressure, fuel-air ratio, and pressure drop. At low-power conditions, fuel staging was used so that high combustion efficiency was obtained with only one-fourth of the fuel injectors flowing. The test facility had optical access, and visual images showed the flame to be very short, approximately 25 mm long.
Correction to A General Method for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions Using Lithium Triisopropyl Borates (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to A General Method for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions Using Lithium Triisopropyl BoratesMatthias A. Oberli and Stephen L. Buchwald*Cite this: Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 11, 2892Publication Date (Web):May 13, 2013Publication History Published online13 May 2013Published inissue 7 June 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ol401288qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ol401288qcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1905Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (29 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Coupling reactions,Lithium Get e-Alerts
A Digital Twin for the 5G Era: the SPIDER Cyber Range (2022)

Service providers, 5G network operators and, more generally, vertical industries face today a dangerous shortage of highly skilled cybersecurity experts. Along with the escalation and growing sophistication of cyber-attacks, 5G networks require the training of skilled and highly competent cyber forces. To meet these requirements, the SPIDER cyber range focuses specifically on 5G, and is based on three pillars, (i) cyber security assessment, (ii) training cyber security teams to defend against complex cyber-attack scenarios, and (iii) evaluation of cyber risk. The SPIDER cyber range replicates a customized 5G network, enabling the execution of cyber-exercises that take advantage of hands-on interaction in real time, the sharing of information between participants, and the gathering of feedback from network equipment, as well as the development and adaptation of advanced operational procedures. This aims to help 5G security professionals improve their ability to collaboratively manage and predict security incidents, complex attacks, and propagated vulnerabilities. The SPIDER cyber range is validated in two relevant use case scenarios aimed at demonstrating, in a realistic, measurable, and replicable way the transformations SPIDER will bring to the cybersecurity industry.
MRI signal void due to in‐plane motion is all‐or‐none (1994)

The process of MRI signal attenuation due to in-plane intravoxel velocity inhomogeneity is described. Given rigid rotation or linear shear, velocity phase-sensitivity will induce a phase distribution that varies linearly with position, which is exactly equivalent to the effect of a spatial phase encoding gradient pulse. It follows that the effect of such motion on the raw MRI signal is to displace it a fixed distance in kappa-space. Attenuation becomes marked when the center of the spin-echo reaches an edge of kappa-space, which happens when intravoxel phase shifts reach pi radian/voxel. Because spin echoes are typically peaked sharply at center, this attenuation usually is abrupt. Analytic and numerical simulations of linear and nonlinear velocity fields confirm abrupt MRI attenuation where phase dispersion exceeds pi radian/voxel. Examples of this phenomenon include the abrupt loss of blood signal adjacent the vessel wall in laminar flow, abrupt loss of subendocardial signal in early diastole, and sudden disappearance due to rotation of a kidney during a measurement of diffusion.
Quiet FLAIR at 7T MRI (2020)

Reducing sound pressure by 80% in FLAIR imaging at 7T ultra-high-field MRI is feasible while maintaining high diagnostic image quality.
Organosilica nanoparticles for nanomedicine: colloidal stability and degradability (2021)

International audience
Performance-oriented placement and routing for field-programmable gate arrays (2002)

This paper presents a performance-oriented placement and routing tool for field-programmable gate arrays. Using recursive geometric partitioning for simultaneous placement and global routing, and a graph-based strategy for detailed routing, our tool optimizes source-sink pathlengths, channel width and total wire-length. Our results compare favorably with other FPGA layout tools, as measured by the maximum channel width required to place and route a number of industrial benchmarks.
Titania-Assisted Dispersion of Carboxylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in a ZnO Sol for Transparent Conducting Hybrid Films (2011)

We report a facile chemical route for stabilizing a dispersion of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a ZnO sol. The dispersion is stabilized via capping of the carboxyl groups on the SWCNT surface by a titania layer, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We also demonstrate that the conductivity of the films prepared from the SWCNT/TiO(x)/ZnO sol is dramatically enhanced by thermal treatment and that the thermal stability of the hybridized films with the ZnO sol is notably improved relative to that of a pristine SWCNT film. The structural and chemical changes of the fabricated films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy. As one application, it was presented that thermally treated SWCNT/TiO(x)/ZnO hybrid thin film sensors showed hydrogen sensing characteristics even at room temperature.
Particle concentration inside a sessile drop using surface acoustic waves (2015)

We have investigated concentration of polystyrene particles inside a sessile drop, placed on top of a piezoelectric substrate, actuated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The particles are exposed to various combinations of forces – acoustic streaming flow (ASF) based drag force, travelling or standing SAW based acoustic radiation force (ARF), and centrifugal force. We have identified four distinct modes of polystyrene particle concentration that depend upon particle diameter, SAW frequency, acoustic wave field, acoustic waves’ attenuation length, and droplet volume. Numerical simulations are performed to visualize the ASF flow field inside the sessile drop, and determine its effects on the particle motion. Different SAW actuation frequencies (10-133 ㎒) and several particle diameters (1-30 ㎛) are tested.
Electrochemical Immunosensors Based on 2-Electrode System of 3D Interdigitated Electrodes Array (2018)

Practical biosensors require miniaturized device and simplified system. These requirements are fulfilled by fabricating 3-dimensional (3D) interdigitated array (IDA) electrodes and eliminating reference electrode. In this presentation, we demonstrate electrochemical immunosensors based on 2-electrode (2E) system operated by redox cycling on two working electrodes without reference electrode and counter electrode. The redox cycling between two IDA electrodes, on the ceiling as well as the bottom of the microchannel, can make faradaic signal effectively amplified. In the proposed 2E system, electrochemical potential is determined by an immobilized electron transfer mediator, poly(methylene green) (PMG) on indium-tin oxide electrode surface. PMG works as a good mediator for redox of 4-aminophenol, which is the enzymatic product for immunosensing. Harnessing such a 3D IDA immunosensor of 2E operating system, we detected human Creatine Kinase-MB, a specific biomarker of myocardial damage, down to ~ pg/mL level. Moreover, this system has the potential that multiple 3D IDA electrodes embedded in a single chip can simultaneously analyze several mixed biomarkers and can be miniaturized small enough to be portable.
A simulation of vowel segregation based on across-channel glottal-pulse synchrony (1994)

As part of the broader question of how it is that human listeners can be so successful at extracting a single voice of interest in the most adverse noise conditions (the ‘cocktail-party effect’), a great deal of attention has been focused on the problem of separating simultaneously presented vowels, primarily by exploiting assumed differences in fundamental frequency (f0) (see (de Cheveigné, 1993) for a review). While acknowledging the very good agreement with experimental data achieved by some of this models (e.g. Meddis &amp;amp; Hewitt, 1992), we propose a different mechanism that does not rely on the different period of the two voices, but rather on the assumption that, in the majority of cases, their glottal pitch pulses will occur at distinct instants. A modification of the Meddis &amp;amp; Hewitt model is proposed that segregates the regions of spectral dominance of the different vowels by detecting their synchronization to a common underlying glottal pulse train, as will be the case for each distinct human voice. Although phase dispersion from numerous sources complicates this approach, our results show that with suitable integration across time, it is possible to separate vowels on this basis alone. The possible advantages of such a mechanism include its ability to exploit the period fluctuations due to frequency modulation and jitter in order to separate voices whose f0s may otherwise be close and difficult to distinguish. Since small amounts of modulation do indeed improve the prominence of voices (McAdams, 1989), we suggest that human listeners may be employing something akin to this strategy when pitch-based cues are absent or ambiguous. 1.
Mechanics of Battery Cells and Materials (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mechanical Failure Analysis of Battery Cells and Materials: Significance and Challenges Key Studies in the Mechanical Analysis of Battery Materials Key Issues Remaining to be Addressed Outlook for the Future References
Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbons: Dilute-Acid and Enzymatic Deconstruction of Biomass to Sugars and Biological Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbons (2013)

This report describes one potential conversion process to hydrocarbon products by way of biological conversion of lingnocellulosic-dervied sugars. The process design converts biomass to a hydrocarbon intermediate, a free fatty acid, using dilute-acid pretreatement, enzymatic saccharification, and bioconversion. Ancillary areas--feed handling, hydrolysate conditioning, product recovery and upgrading (hydrotreating) to a final blendstock material, wastewater treatment, lignin combusion, and utilities--are also included in the design.
Optimization of a Microfluidic Mixer for Studying Protein Folding Kinetics (2006)

We have applied an optimization method in conjunction with numerical simulations to minimize the mixing time of a microfluidic mixer developed for protein folding studies. The optimization method uses a semideterministic algorithm to find the global minimum of the mixing time by varying the mixer geometry and flow conditions. We describe the minimization problem and constraints and give a brief overview of the optimization algorithm. We present results of the optimization, including the optimized geometry and parameter sensitivities, and we demonstrate the improvement in mixing performance with experiments using microfabricated mixers. The dye-quenching experiments of the original and optimized mixer designs show respective mixing times of 7 and 4 mus, a 40% reduction. The new design also provides more uniform mixing across streamlines that enter the mixer. The optimized mixer is the fastest reported continuous flow mixer for protein folding.
Data from MS4A12 Is a Colon-Selective Store-Operated Calcium Channel Promoting Malignant Cell Processes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Using a data mining approach for the discovery of new targets for antibody therapy of colon cancer, we identified MS4A12, a sequence homologue of CD20. We show that MS4A12 is a cell surface protein. Expression analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed &lt;i&gt;MS4A12&lt;/i&gt; to be a colonic epithelial cell lineage gene confined to the apical membrane of colonocytes with strict transcriptional repression in all other normal tissue types. Expression is maintained upon malignant transformation in 63% of colon cancers. Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; flux analyses disclosed that MS4A12 is a novel component of store-operated Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; entry in intestinal cells. Using RNAi-mediated gene silencing, we show that loss of MS4A12 in LoVo colon cancer cells attenuates epidermal growth factor receptor–mediated effects. In particular, proliferation, cell motility, and chemotactic invasion of cells are significantly impaired. Cancer cells expressing MS4A12, in contrast, are sensitized and respond to lower concentrations of epidermal growth factor. In summary, these findings have implications for both the physiology of colonic epithelium as well as for the biology and treatment of colon cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3458–66]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ultraviolet generation with passively Q-switched microchip lasers: errata (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. J. Zayhowski, "Ultraviolet generation with passively Q-switched microchip lasers: errata," Opt. Lett. 21, 1618-1618 (1996) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Constrained Parametric Optimization of Point Geometries in Multi-Beam-Interference Lithography (2010)

Multi-beam-interference lithography parameters are systematically analyzed and optimized. High absolute contrast and a variety of point geometries ranging from elliptical to rectilinear or rhombic intensity profiles are demonstrated.
Multi-Point Coordination in Massive MIMO Systems With Sectorized Antennas (2021)

Non-cooperative cellular massive MIMO, combined with power control, is known to lead to significant improvements in per-user throughput compared with conventional LTE technology. In this paper, we investigate further refinements to massive MIMO, first, in the form of three-fold sectorization, and second, coordinated multi-point operation (with and without sectorization), in which the three base stations cooperate in the joint service of their users. For these scenarios, we analyze the downlink performance for both maximum-ratio and zero-forcing precoding and derive closed-form lower-bound expressions on the achievable rate of the users. These expressions are then used to formulate power optimization problems with two throughput fairness criteria: <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) network-wide max-min fairness, and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ii</i> ) per-cell max-min fairness. Furthermore, we provide centralized and decentralized power control strategies to optimize the transmit powers in the network. We demonstrate that employing sectorized antenna elements mitigates the detrimental effects of pilot contamination by rejecting a portion of interfering pilots in the spatial domain during channel estimation phase. Simulation results with practical sectorized antennas reveal that sectorization and multi-point coordination combined with sectorization lead to more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.7\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvements in the 95%-likely per-user throughput, respectively.
Applying proteomics technology to platelet research (2004)

Platelets are small enucleated cells that circulate in the blood, where they play a key role in hemostasis and contribute to the formation of vascular plugs. Pathologically, they are involved in thrombosis and heart disease. Because platelets do not have a nucleus, proteomics offers a powerful way to approach their biology. Proteomics technology is based on the huge analytical power offered by mass spectrometry in combination with several separation techniques, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) or multidimensional liquid chromatography. Proteomics provides information about the complete set of proteins present in platelets, the platelet proteome, including post-translational variants. Over the last years, several research groups have applied proteomics to platelet research. A detailed analysis of the general proteome and signaling cascades in human platelets will improve our knowledge of platelet function, and thereby aid the development of new therapeutic agents to treat thrombotic diseases. This review presents the major advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques and their application to platelet research, and analyzes in detail the most relevant contributions to the field.
Assessing Near-Infrared Quantum Dots for Deep Tissue, Organ, and Animal Imaging Applications (2008)

Semiconductor quantum dots (Qdots) have emerged as novel ultrasensitive optical probes to target, detect, and image fundamental events occurring within the biological system. In particular, near-infrared (near-IR) Qdots holds great promise as in vivo contrast agents for real-time bioimaging capabilities. In this study, biocompatible near-IR Qdots are used to image organs, tissues, and cells. Compared to visible Qdots, we obtained a significant enhancement in signal detection sensitivity for imaging deep tissues and organs. In addition, biomolecules were used to target these optical contrast agents for multiplexed imaging of cells and organs in vivo. The ability to simultaneously distinguish emission profiles of multiple near-IR Qdots will likely emerge as important tools for addressing fundamental questions in molecular biology and in medical sciences.