gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active noise control systems with optimized secondary path (2005)

In many real-world active noise control (ANC) applications such as electronic mufflers, the sensors may not be placed at the optimum locations in order to protect them from the high temperature, fast airflow, and corrosive environment. This work presents an optimized algorithm for compensating sensor placement effects when the error sensor is placed at a secured physical location. This algorithm uses a compensation filter for pre-filtering the anti-noise such that the ANC system with the error sensor located at the physical location has the optimized secondary path as the sensor placed at the virtual location. An electronic muffler has been built and used for testing this optimized ANC system using engine noise. Computer simulations show significant improvement of the performance for the new ANC system with the optimized virtual secondary path.
Rigorous link between the conductivity and elastic moduli of fibre-reinforced composite materials (1995)

Abstract We derive rigorous cross-property relations linking the effective transverse electrical conductivity cr* and the effective transverse elastic moduli of any transversely isotropic, two-phase ‘fibre-reinforced’ composite whose phase boundaries are cylindrical surfaces with generators parallel to one axis. Specifically, upper and lower bounds are derived on the effective transverse bulk modulus k* in terms of cr* and on the effective transverse shear modulus //* in terms of cr*. These bounds enclose certain regions in the ct*-ac* and cr*-/r* planes, portions of which are attainable by certain microgeometries and thus optimal. Our bounds connecting the effective conductivity cr* to the effective bulk modulus ft* apply as well to anisotropic composites with square symmetry. The implications and utility of the bounds are explored for some general situations, as well as for specific microgeometries, including regular and random arrays of circular cylinders, hierarchical geometries corresponding to effective-medium theories, and checkerboard models. It is shown that knowledge of the effective conductivity can yield sharp estimates of the effective elastic moduli (and vice versa), even for infinite phase contrast.
Effects of differential blockade of the renin‐angiotensin system in postinfarcted rats (2004)

The present study compared short-term effects of the AT(1)-receptor antagonist, irbesartan with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, enalapril on systemic haemodynamics and cardiac remodelling in post-myocardia-infarcted (MI) rats. MI Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated for 4 weeks with irbesartan (50 mg/kg/day) or enalapril (10 mg/kg/day). Then, cardiac and systemic haemodynamics were measured. Compared with the sham-operated group, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), diastolic pressure (LVDP), heart weight to body weight ratio were all significantly increased in the MI group while the LV contractility (dP/dt) and pulsatile arterial pressure were significantly reduced. Both drugs reduced the elevated LVEDP and LVDP and prevented cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, irbesartan attenuated the right shift of the pressure-volume curves, prevented postinfarction-induced increase in urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate and reduced urinary aldosterone excretion. Although both drugs were able to prevent further cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac filling pressure, only irbesartan limited LV dilatation. These data indicate that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system at the level of AT1 receptors may have a better cardioprotective benefit than reducing angiotensin II levels by ACE inhibition.
A Composite Gel–Polymer/Glass–Fiber Electrolyte for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

An integrated preparation of a low‐cost composite gel–polymer/glass–fiber electrolyte with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) reinforced by a glass–fiber paper and modified by a polydopamine coating to tune the mechanical and surface properties of PVDF‐HFP is shown to be applicable to a sodium‐ion battery. The composite polymer matrix exhibits excellent mechanical strength and thermal stability up to 200 °C. After saturating with a liquid electrolyte, a wide electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity is obtained for the composite gel–polymer/glass–fiber electrolyte. When tested in a sodium‐ion battery with Na 2 MnFe(CN) 6 as cathode, the rate capability, cycling performance, and coulombic efficiency are significantly improved. The results suggest that the composite polymer electrolyte is a very attractive separator for a large‐scale battery system where safety and cost are the main concerns.
Review Article: The Rationale for Posterior Cruciate Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty (2001)

The debate over the appropriate role for the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in total knee design has continued for more than three decades. Excellent long term results have been obtained with cemented condylar total knee components of the cruciate sacrificing, cruciate substituting and cruciate retaining designs. However, important new information in the area of biomechanics, 5,14,20, histology,17 gait analysis, 39 kinematics, 7,36 and results from clinical trial, 6,8,12 have further strengthened our long term held belief that a posterior stabilized design is the implant of choice for most primary and revision total knee arthroplasties.
Host genetic profiles predict virological and immunological control of HIV-1 infection in adolescents (2002)

A generalizable genetic scoring algorithm based on seven HLA class I and CCR markers is highly predictive of viremia and immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected adolescents.
Cross-Layer Metrics for Reliable Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks (2012)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a flexible and low-cost network infrastructure, where heterogeneous mesh routers managed by different users collaborate to extend network coverage. This paper proposes a novel routing metric, Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW), and two further variants, to cope with the problem of selfish behavior (i.e., packet dropping) of mesh routers in a WMN. EFW combines, in a cross-layer fashion, routing-layer observations of forwarding behavior with MAC-layer measurements of wireless link quality to select the most reliable and high-performance path. We evaluate the proposed metrics both through simulations and real-life deployments on two different wireless testbeds, performing a comparative analysis with On-Demand Secure Byzantine Resilient Routing (ODSBR) Protocol and Expected Transmission Counter (ETX). The results show that our cross-layer metrics accurately capture the path reliability and considerably increase the WMN performance, even when a high percentage of network nodes misbehave.
Ionic liquid S-alkylthiouronium salts (2010)

The preparation and characterisation of a series of ionic liquids based on S-alkylthiouronium cations prepared from thiourea, 1,3-dimethylthiourea, 1,3-diethylthiourea and 1,3-tetramethylthiourea coupled with bis{(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl}imide, bromide, methylsulfate or ethylsulfate anions are reported. All are liquids at room temperature or solids with melting points close to room temperature, except for the bromide salts, which have melting points below 92 °C. Systematic variation in the N- and S-alkyl substituents demonstrates how the physical properties of these ionic liquids can be readily controlled. The mutual miscibility limits of representative examples with octane, dodecane and toluene have been determined as a function of temperature, and the extraction of dibenzothiophene from dodecane as a model for desulfurisation of diesel has been investigated.
<title>Free-space system for metropolitan optical network trasnparent link</title> (2002)

An optical wireless system useful for short metropolitan distance connections is proposed. Differently from other apparata described in literature or commercially available, our solution is completely transparent to third window telecommunication channel thanks to standard single mode optical fiber interfaces, without any electro-optic conversion. Such a system guarantees the high performances required to optical communication networks (BER, SNR and so on) without link fault and bit broadening penalties. System characterization and BER performances at 10Gbit/s, also in presence of 1.55micrometers multi-wavelength signal, are presented for connections up to 200m building-to-building roof distance. The implemented transmitter and receiver devices are compact in dimensions, very low cost and can find application not only in metropolitan network links in case of digging impediments due to time, license and cost constraint, but also in disaster recovery and local extraordinary high-bandwidth demand.
Induction of Ventricular Collapse by an Axial Flow Blood Pump (1998)

An important consideration for clinical application of rotary blood pump based ventricular assist is the avoidance of ventricular collapse due to excessive operating speed. Because healthy animals do not typically demonstrate this phenomenon, it is difficult to evaluate control algorithms for avoiding suction in vivo. An acute hemodynamic study was thus conducted to determine the conditions under which suction could be induced. A 70 kg calf was implanted with an axial flow assist device (Nimbus/UoP IVAS; Nimbus Inc., Rancho Cordova, CA) cannulated from the left ventricular apex to ascending aorta. On initiation of pump operation, several vasoactive interventions were performed to alter preload, afterload, and contractility of the left ventricle. Initially, dobutamine increased contractility and heart rate ([HR] = 139; baseline = 70), but ventricular collapse was not achievable, even at the maximal pump speed of 15,000 rpm. Norepinephrine decreased HR (HR = 60), increased contractility, and increased systemic vascular resistance ([SVR] = 24; baseline = 15), resulting in ventricular collapse at a pump speed of 14,000 rpm. Isoproterenol (beta agonist) increased HR (HR = 103) and decreased SVR (SVR = 12), but ventricular collapse was not achieved. Inferior vena cava occlusion reduced preload, and ventricular collapse was achieved at speeds as low as 11,000 rpm. Esmolol (beta1 antagonist) decreased HR (HR = 55) and contractility, and ventricular collapse was achieved at 11,500 rpm. Episodes of ventricular collapse were characterized initially by the pump output exceeding the venous return and the aortic valve remaining closed throughout the cardiac cycle. If continued, the mitral valve would remain open throughout the cardiac cycle. Using these unique states of the mitral and aortic valves, the onset of ventricular collapse could reliably be identified. It is hoped that the ability to detect the onset of ventricular collapse, rather than the event itself, will assist in the development and the evaluation of control algorithms for rotary ventricular assist devices.
Selective dephosphorylation of histone H1 by nuclear phosphatases (1987)

The aim of this study was to characterize the sites of H1 phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (kinase A) and the CaS phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (kinase C) and to study their dephosphorylation by nuclear protein phosphatases. H1 was phosphorylated on a ser residue to approx. 1 mole (TSP)/mole H1 with either kinase A or C. The sites of phosphorylation were differentiated by digestion of the H1 by thrombin or N-bromosuccinimide. Phosphopeptide maps on reversed phase HPLC and gel filtration HPLC clearly showed that the kinase C phosphorylated a different site than the well characterized kinase A site. H1, phosphorylated by kinase C or kinase A, was used as a substrate for the nuclear phosphatases. The nuclear phosphatases were purified from salt extracted rat liver chromatin and separated into 2 forms based on heat-stable inhibitor sensitivity and polycation stimulation. Polycation-stimulated phosphatase rapidly dephosphorylated the kinase C site and slowly dephosphorylated the kinase A site. The inhibitor-sensitive enzyme showed little activity toward either site under standard assay conditions.
Dorsomorphin Promotes Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self‐Renewal (2011)

Self-renewal promoter: Using a high-throughput screening assay, the small molecule dorsomorphin (see scheme) was identified as a positive regulator of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self-renewal. It is shown that dorsomorphin promotes hESC self-renewal by antagonizing autocrine BMP signaling. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Shutdown of Achaete-scute Homolog-1 Expression by Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-A2/B1 in Hypoxia (2014)

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor hASH1, encoded by the ASCL1 gene, plays an important role in neurogenesis and tumor development. Recent findings indicate that local oxygen tension is a critical determinant for the progression of neuroblastomas. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxygen-dependent expression of hASH1 in neuroblastoma cells. Exposure of human neuroblastoma-derived Kelly cells to 1% O2 significantly decreased ASCL1 mRNA and hASH1 protein levels. Using reporter gene assays, we show that the response of hASH1 to hypoxia is mediated mainly by post-transcriptional inhibition via the ASCL1 mRNA 5'- and 3'-UTRs, whereas additional inhibition of the ASCL1 promoter was observed under prolonged hypoxia. By RNA pulldown experiments followed by MALDI/TOF-MS analysis, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-A2/B1 and hnRNP-R as interactors binding directly to the ASCL1 mRNA 5'- and 3'-UTRs and influencing its expression. We further demonstrate that hnRNP-A2/B1 is a key positive regulator of ASCL1, findings that were also confirmed by analysis of a large compilation of gene expression data. Our data suggest that a prominent down-regulation of hnRNP-A2/B1 during hypoxia is associated with the post-transcriptional suppression of hASH1 synthesis. This novel post-transcriptional mechanism for regulating hASH1 levels will have important implications in neural cell fate development and disease.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Phosphonomethyl Oligonucleotides by Therminator Polymerase (2007)

Therminator is the hero when it comes to the enzymatic production of phosphonomethyl–threosyl oligonucleotides with a non-natural 3′–2′ linkage (see scheme). The ability of Therminator polymerase to catalyze the condensation of diphosphate derivatives of nucleosides to give modified oligomers promises to be quite general. Such oligonucleotides are useful tools in synthetic biology because of the innate stability of the phosphonate linkage. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603435_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nanotopography Influences Adhesion, Spreading, and Self-Renewal of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have great potentials for future cell-based therapeutics. However, their mechanosensitivity to biophysical signals from the cellular microenvironment is not well characterized. Here we introduced an effective microfabrication strategy for accurate control and patterning of nanoroughness on glass surfaces. Our results demonstrated that nanotopography could provide a potent regulatory signal over different hESC behaviors, including cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, clonal expansion, and self-renewal. Our results indicated that topological sensing of hESCs might include feedback regulation involving mechanosensory integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion, myosin II, and E-cadherin. Our results also demonstrated that cellular responses to nanotopography were cell-type specific, and as such, we could generate a spatially segregated coculture system for hESCs and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts using patterned nanorough glass surfaces.
Exosomes originating from infection with the cytoplasmic single-stranded RNA virus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) protect recipient cells by inducing RIG-I mediated IFN-B response that leads to activation of autophagy (2021)

Using RVFV infection as a model for cytoplasmic single-stranded RNA viruses, our results show a novel mechanism of host protection by exosomes released from infected cells (EXi) whereby the EXi activate RIG-I to induce IFN-dependent activation of autophagy in naïve recipient cells including monocytes. Because monocytes serve as reservoirs for RVFV replication, this EXi-RVFV-induced activation of autophagy in monocytes may work to slow down or halt viral dissemination in the infected organism. These findings offer novel mechanistic insights that may aid in future development of effective vaccines or therapeutics, and that may be applicable for a better molecular understanding of how exosome release regulates innate immune response to other cytoplasmic single-stranded RNA viruses.
Improving the fractionated catalytic oxidation of lignocellulosic biomass to formic acid and cellulose by using design of experiments (2020)

The main objective of this contribution\nwas to optimize the process conditions for a fractionated oxidation\nof lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wood) to produce formic acid and\ncellulose for further applications. Using the Lindqvist-type polyoxometalate\nK&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;W&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;19&lt;/sub&gt; as a homogeneous\ncatalyst in aqueous media, we were able to selectively oxidize the\nhemicellulose and lignin fractions. While hemicellulose and lignin\nare converted to formic acid, the cellulose fraction remains untapped.\nFurthermore, we optimized the process conditions with the help of\na Box–Behnken design of experiments. Thereby improved conditions\nshowed an output of formic acid from lignin three times higher compared\nwith the initial parameters. Furthermore, recycling of the catalyst\nhas been carried out successfully without observing significant changes\nin vanadium species. Finally, we investigated the conversion of different\nreal biomasses (hardwood, softwood, and algae) leading to new structure–performance\nrelationships.
Interplay between Auger recombination, carrier leakage, and polarization in InGaAlN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (2022)

In conventional hexagonal InGaAlN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) (h-) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), carrier leakage from QWs is the main source of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) degradation without contributing to the LED efficiency droop. Our analysis based on the newly developed Open Boundary Quantum LED Simulator indicates that radiative recombination is hampered by the poor electron–hole wavefunction overlap induced by strong internal polarization for which QW carriers mostly recombine via Auger scattering rather than by radiative processes. By contrast, in non-polar h-LEDs, the IQE peak doubles its value compared to conventional h-LEDs while quenching the efficiency droop by 70% at current density of 100 A/cm2. Those effects are further enhanced in cubic InGaAlN MQW (c-) LEDs for which the IQE peak increases by an additional 30%, and the efficiency droop is further reduced by 80% compared to non-polar h-LEDs, thanks to the larger optical transition matrix element and the strong electron–hole wavefunction overlap in c-LEDs. Overall, a c-LED with a low efficiency droop of 3% at 100 A/cm2 is anticipated, paving a clear pathway toward ultimate solid-state lighting.
Regional variation in the structural response and geometrical properties of human ribs. (2005)

By incorporating material and geometrical properties into a model of the human thorax one can develop an injury criterion that is a function of stress and strain of the material and not a function of the global response of the thorax. Previous research on the mechanical properties of ribs has focused on a limited set of specific ribs. For this study a total of 52 rib specimens were removed from four cadaver subjects. Variation in peak moment by thoracic region was significant (p < 0.01) with average values of 2, 2.9 and 3.9 N-m for the anterior, lateral and posterior regions respectively. Two geometrical properties, radius of gyration and distance from the neutral axis, showed significant variation by region (p < 0.0001) as well as by rib level (p = < 0.01, 0.05). The results of this study can be used to update current models of the human thorax to account for the variation in strength and geometrical properties throughout the rib cage. Accounting for the variation in rib properties by region will improve injury predictive measures and, therefore, the ability to design systems to prevent thoracic injury.
Direct laser writing of double track waveguides inside calcium fluoride crystals (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) was identified among the first host crystals for active laser media. However, due to the need of charge compensation of Nd3+-doped fluorite crystal structures, other host materials like YAG, oxide and fluorite glasses were preferred over the years. Recent developments made on ytterbium-doped alkaline-earth fluorides have shown that it is possible to have better scalability of crystal growth, very high thermal conductivity, high laser-induced damage threshold, longer emission lifetime, lower nonlinear refractive index and large emission wavelength tuning range. Due to these reasons, Yb-doped CaF2 has once again proved to be a competitive material for high-energy and high-power operations. Waveguides confine light propagation resulting in reduced lasing thresholds and enhanced laser efficiencies. By properly managing the three-dimensional translation of the focal volume of pulsed lasers, it is possible to create waveguides and other 3D structures inside crystals. Recently, depressed cladding waveguides written inside CaF2 were reported. In this work, we will present the first, to the best of our knowledge, double track waveguides inscribed inside doped and undoped CaF2 crystal with different pulse energies. Waveguide characterization, determination of mode-field diameter, analysis of polarization dependent guiding and also direct refractive index change measurements of the waveguides were performed and will be presented. Additionally, single pass gain and lasing experiments will be demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally.