gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term Resting Metabolic Rate Analysis in Pregnancy and Weight Loss Interventions (2021)

In this paper, we first studied the change in resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 4 women during their pregnancy period. We retrospectively analyzed published data, which lacked rigorous statistical analysis. We introduced new data that helps to define RMR baseline variabilities and further compare the RMR fluctuations in steady physiological conditions (no pregnancy, no weight/diet/exercise regime change) to assess “true” RMR changes that can guide healthy weight management in pregnancy and other conditions. For each subject, the change in the RMR values were computed as the difference between the values during the metabolic rate inspection period and the baseline values. This difference was compared against the difference values of a reference subject, using a two-sided paired t-test at the significance level of 5%. Our results indicated that some subjects exhibit a statistically significant increase, some exhibit a decrease while others show no significant statistical variation in RMR values during pregnancy. These are important findings that demystify the old idea that the RMR of a pregnant woman “always” increases since she is generating a new life; rather, individualized physiological processes can produce metabolic changes that cannot be generalized and need individual RMR measurements throughout pregnancy. The insights gained from this study were then applied to retrospectively analyze the RMR of 20 subjects during a 6-month pilot weight loss intervention with 89% efficiency in weight loss. Our analysis revealed that there was no significant decrease in metabolic activities at the end of the program. Although this contradicts the belief that weight loss is associated with a decrease in metabolic activities, our results can be explained by the fact that subjects adhered to a healthy nutritional diet and regular exercise during the pro- gram; thus, the effect of weight loss on decreasing the RMR was counter-balanced by the effect of healthier diet and exercise on increasing the RMR, which helped in maintaining a steady and healthy metabolic rate. Both studies, pregnancy and weight loss interventions indicated that changes in the metabolic rate of pregnant women and individuals undergoing weight loss interventions are unpredictable, therefore there is an urgent need to implement personalized practices of weight management by periodically measuring RMR and adjusting food caloric intakes based on the individual’s metabolic rate.
Staircasing errors in FDTD at an air-dielectric interface (1999)

An analytical expression is derived for the reflection coefficient of a staircased air/dielectric interface. This expression for the reflection coefficient is then used to determine the attenuation and propagation constants of the wave induced by staircasing. It is demonstrated here that the errors due to staircasing increase as the relative dielectric permittivity is increased and converges to the results for an air-PEC interface.
Efficient nonradiative energy transfer from InGaN/GaN nanopillars to CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (2011)

In this study, we propose and demonstrate efficient electron-hole pair injection from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well nanopillars (MQW-NPs) to CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) via Förster-type nonradiative energy transfer. For that we hybridize blue-emitting MQW-NPs with red-emitting NQDs and the resultant exciton transfer reaches a maximum rate of (0.192 ns)−1 and a maximum efficiency of 83.0%. By varying the effective bandgap of core/shell NQDs, we conveniently control and tune the excitonic energy transfer rate for these NQD integrated hybrids, and our measured and computed exciton transfer rates are found to be in good agreement for all hybrid cases.
Single-composition three-dimensionally morphing hydrogels (2012)

We describe an approach to create pH responsive films that can transform from a flat state to a pre-described deformation. Our approach to fabricate these films is based on the use of a monomeric mixture of acrylic acid and a diacrylate crosslinker. Upon UV initiated free-radical polymerization the different monomers have different reactivities, which enables polymerization induced diffusion during spatially modulated UV intensity gradients. By means of this process the crosslink density within the film can be tuned spatially both in-plane and over the film thickness. The crosslink density determines the degree of swelling upon actuation of the formed hydrogel by a pH change. We demonstrate this effect by pH-switchable systems which are either substrate-attached exhibiting surface topologies upon actuation or freestanding that can undergo geometrical changes in the form of bending, curling or morphing into even more complex shapes.
Characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with directly regrown AlGaN barrier layer (2017)

This paper demonstrates successful fabrication of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with an AlGaN barrier layer directly regrown on a reactive-ion-etched GaN layer. The HEMT device fabricated on a high-mobility (>1000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs) GaN channel exhibited fairly excellent pinched-off characteristics with a maximum drain current of 90 mA/mm, whereas the device fabricated on a low-mobility (<;500 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs) channel exhibited non-pinch-off leaky characteristics. SIMS measurements indicated accumulation of donor impurities at the AlGaN/GaN interface, indicating intense remote ionized impurity scattering is responsible for the reduced channel mobility.
A thermal sensor and switch based on a plasma polymer/ZnO suspended nanobelt bimorph structure (2009)

The combination of design and subsequent fabrication of organic/inorganic nanostructures creates an effective way to combine the favorable traits of both to achieve a desired device performance. We demonstrate a miniature electrical read-out, and a sensitive temperature sensor/switch, based on a ZnO nanobelt/plasma-polymerized benzonitrile bimorph structure. A new read-out technique based on the change in the electric current flowing through the bimorph and the contact pad has been employed, replacing the conventional cumbersome piezoresistive method or tedious optical alignment. The thermal sensor demonstrated here has great prospects for thermal switching and triggered detection owing to the relative ease in the fabrication of arrays and the direct electrical read-out.
Development of methanol cracking processes (1986)

The process by which methanol is decomposed into carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas in the catalytic-cracking reaction is considered to be applicable to a variety of fields, such as for methods producing materials for C1 chemistry or supplying new energy sources for city gas, etc. The needs for the practical application of the process will increase more intensely than before with a stabilized methanol supply and reducing its cost. Since the R and D work, catalysts for methanol cracking in 1979, the authors have devoted themselves to the development of the process further through micro-reactor tests and bench-scale tests, have confirmed the advantage of the process by pilot-plant operations in 1984, and obtained techniques for the practical application of the process. The new mini-plant was constructed based on the test results of the process obtained so far, and sales activity is being deployed. The report presents: (1) features of the catalyst for methanol cracking developed by MHI; (2) features and product yield of the methanol cracking reaction; (3) simulator for optimum design of reactors for methanol cracking; (4) operatability of the plant; and (5) feasibility studies of commercial plants.
Propylene–ethylene random copolymers: Comonomer effects on crystallinity and application properties (2005)

Abstract For understanding the correlation chain from the polymer structure to the final application properties of propylene–ethylene random copolymers, four commercial grades with different ethylene content (0–8 mol %) but identical molecular weight distributions were investigated. Structural investigations concerning the comonomer distribution, using two different techniques (temperature rising elution fractionation and stepwise isothermal segregation), showed an increase of inhomogeneity with the total comonomer content, which was reflected for temperature rising elution fractionation in a widening of the elution temperature range. Crystallinity and crystallization speed studies confirmed the reduced overall crystallinity and increase of γ‐modification content as reported previously, but they also showed the reason for these effects in the distinctive decrease of the spherulitic growth speed. Good correlations of all these parameters to the mechanical performance of the four materials were obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1073–1081, 2005
A closed-form solution of vertical dipole antennas above a dielectric half-space (1993)

This paper derives a convenient closed-form expression for the input impedance of a vertical antenna above a dielectric half-space. The expression is obtained from the induced electromotive force (EMF) method using a complex-image spatial Green's function. It is found that the effect of the dielectric half-space can be modeled by a short image array of three to five complex image antennas. Numerical results verify the accuracy and convenience of the method for a vertical antenna at any height above a dielectric half-space with and without loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sprayed water microdroplets containing dissolved pyridine spontaneously generate pyridyl anions (2022)

The anion of pyridine, C5H5N−, has been thought to be short lived in the gas phase and was only previously observed indirectly. In the condensed phase, C5H5N− is known to be stabilized by solvation with other molecules. We provide in this study striking results for the formation of isolated C5H5N− from microdroplets of water containing dissolved pyridine observed in the negative ion mass spectrum. The gas-phase lifetime of C5H5N− is estimated to be at least 50 ms, which is much longer than previously thought. The generated C5H5N− captured CO2 molecules to form a stable (Py-CO2)− complex, further confirming the existence of C5H5N−. We propose that the high electric field at the air–water interface of a microdroplet helps OH− to transfer an electron to pyridine to form C5H5N− and the hydroxyl radical •OH. Oxidation products of the Py reacting with •OH are also observed in the mass spectrum recorded in positive mode, which further supports this mechanism. The present study pushes the limits of the reducing and oxidizing power of water microdroplets to a new level, emphasizing how different the behavior of microdroplets can be from bulk water. We also note that the easy formation of C5H5N− in water microdroplets presents a green chemistry way to synthesize value-added chemicals.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Antimitotic and Cell Growth Inhibitory Properties of Substituted Chalcones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Role of Tectonic Structures and Density-Driven Groundwater Flow for Salt (2015)

Groundwater circulation in evaporite bearing horizons and the resulting evolution of karst frequently causes geotechnical problems such as land subsidence or collapses. Even comparably small subsidence rates can significantly affect sensitive urban infrastructure. Dissolution of deep-seated evaporites occurs when groundwater, undersaturated with respect to highly soluble minerals, enters into contact with an evaporite body. Groundwater can interact from all directions in space. Laboratory dissolution experiments were carried out to study the effect of freshwater in contact with rock salt, accounting for the effect of dipping interfaces as an abstraction of inclined geological formations. The dissolution experiments were carried out both in 2D and 3D. The approach allows studying dissolution in a normal fault juxtaposing a developing intrastratal salt karst against a salt layer or against a poorly soluble layer. Modeling experiments were conducted to study the effect of variable density flow in inclined aquifers bordering halite formations and the effect of different fault geometries. The numerical simulations of density driven flow were evaluated along 1,000 m long and 150 m deep 2D cross sections to study the effect of tectonic horst and graben structures. Results show that a large fault zone consisting of a set of smaller hydraulically higher conductive faults is a major factor for dissolution.
Dalitz plot analysis ofB0→D¯0π+π−decays (2015)

Dalitz plot analysis of B 0
EVALUATION OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS FOR YIELD AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS (1999)

A field experiment was conducted to examine the variability of eight somaclones for agronomic and quality parameters. A significant reduction in plant height and days to tlowering was noted. There was increase in kernel length and head rice recovery.TF4 was selected having stiff stem, early in tlowering, semi dwarf with high fertility,bettergrain quality and greater yield potential than the parent variety. TF8, TF9 and SN12 yielded at par with the parentt variety i. e. Basmati 370, Profuse but unproductive tillers did not contribute to the yield. Linear relationship existed between in- creased UB ratio and better grain quality.The grains of all the somaclones were fine type, slender in shape and long in size..The highest quality Index was exhibited by TF9 followed by TF11 and TFIO respectively.
The Bystander Affect Detection (BAD) Dataset for Failure Detection in HRI (2023)

For a robot to repair its own error, it must first know it has made a mistake. One way that people detect errors is from the implicit reactions from bystanders -- their confusion, smirks, or giggles clue us in that something unexpected occurred. To enable robots to detect and act on bystander responses to task failures, we developed a novel method to elicit bystander responses to human and robot errors. Using 46 different stimulus videos featuring a variety of human and machine task failures, we collected a total of 2452 webcam videos of human reactions from 54 participants. To test the viability of the collected data, we used the bystander reaction dataset as input to a deep-learning model, BADNet, to predict failure occurrence. We tested different data labeling methods and learned how they affect model performance, achieving precisions above 90%. We discuss strategies to model bystander reactions and predict failure and how this approach can be used in real-world robotic deployments to detect errors and improve robot performance. As part of this work, we also contribute with the "Bystander Affect Detection" (BAD) dataset of bystander reactions, supporting the development of better prediction models.
DLR's ROBOTICS LAB - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SPACE ROBOTICS (1999)

The paper gives an overview of DLR's latest developments and project experience in space robotics. From the technology point of view, progress in the design and development of light weight robots and articulated multifinger-hands as well as in the refinement of IILR's sensor-based, task level teleprogramming system MARC0 (and its virtual reality concept) is reported. In addition DLR's experiences with NASDA's free flying space robot ETS VI1 in terms of sensor-controlled ground programming and dynamic robot-satellite interaction are outlined. Ongoing laboratory experiments towards free flying space robots (ESS) are supposed to prepare the basis for a European or German free-flyer project. And the design of endeffector technologies and ground control concepts for the robotic part of EuTEF on the International Space Station are fully underway.
Comparison of frequency-distance relationship and Gaussian-diffusion-based methods of compensation for distance-dependent spatial resolution in SPECT imaging (1998)

The goal of this investigation was to compare resolution recovery versus noise level of two methods for compensation of distance-dependent resolution (DDR) in SPECT imaging. The two methods of compensation were restoration filtering based on the frequency-distance relationship (FDR) prior to iterative reconstruction, and modelling DDR in the projector/backprojector pair employed in iterative reconstruction. FDR restoration filtering was computationally faster than modelling the detector response in iterative reconstruction. Using Gaussian diffusion to model the detector response in iterative reconstruction sped up the process by a factor of 2.5 over frequency domain filtering in the projector/backprojector pair. Gaussian diffusion modelling resulted in a better resolution versus noise tradeoff than either FDR restoration filtering or solely modelling attenuation in the projector/backprojector pair of iterative reconstruction. For the pixel size investigated herein (0.317 cm), accounting for DDR in the projector/backprojector pair by Gaussian diffusion, or by applying a blurring function based on the distance from the face of the collimator at each distance, resulted in very similar resolution recovery and slice noise level.
Video decoding energy estimation using processor events (2017)

In this paper, we show that processor events like instruction counts or cache misses can be used to accurately estimate the processing energy of software video decoders. Therefore, we perform energy measurements on an ARM-based evaluation platform and count processor level events using a dedicated profiling software. Measurements are performed for various codecs and decoder implementations to prove the general viability of our observations. Using the estimation method proposed in this paper, the true decoding energy for various recent video coding standards including HEVC and VP9 can be estimated with a mean estimation error that is smaller than 6%.
HCV derived from sera of HCV-infected patients induces pro-fibrotic effects in human primary fibroblasts by activating GLI2 (2016)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver fibrosis, especially in developing countries. The process is characterized by the excess accumulation of ECM that may lead, over time, to hepatic cirrhosis, liver failure and also to hepatocarcinoma. The direct role of HCV in promoting fibroblasts trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts, the major fibrogenic cells, has not been fully clarified. In this study, we found that HCV derived from HCV-infected patients infected and directly induced the trans-differentiation of human primary fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, promoting fibrogenesis. This effect correlated with the activation of GLI2, one of the targets of Hedgehog signaling pathway previously reported to be involved in myofibroblast generation. Moreover, GLI2 activation by HCV correlated with a reduction of autophagy in fibroblasts, that may further promoted fibrosis. GLI2 inhibition by Gant 61 counteracted the pro-fibrotic effects and autophagy inhibition mediated by HCV, suggesting that targeting HH/GLI2 pathway might represent a promising strategy to reduce the HCV-induced fibrosis.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE CYCLISCHER ORGANOPHOSPHORVERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. STEREOCHEMISCHE SYNTHESE VON CIS‐ UND TRANS‐2‐HALOGEN‐2‐OXO‐4‐METHYL‐1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHORINANEN (1973)

Abstract Die Chlorierung der entsprechenden stereochemisch reinen Formen der Phosphonate (III) mit Sulfurylchlorid verläuft stereospezifisch unter Bewahrung der Konfiguration am P zu den Phosphorinanen cis‐ bzw. trans‐(II).
Fully Spatially Coherent High Harmonic Beams in the keV Region of the Spectrum (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. -. Chen, T. Popmintchev, D. Popmintchev, P. Arpin, S. Brown, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, S. Ališauskas, G. Andriukaitis, T. Balciunas, A. Pugžlys, and A. Baltuška, "Fully Spatially Coherent High Harmonic Beams in the keV Region of the Spectrum," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper JTh3I.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The preparation of 14C, 35S and 13C labelled forms of omeprazole (1986)

Abstract The syntheses of [ benzimidazole ‐2‐ 14 C]omeprazole, [ benzimidazole ‐2‐ 13 C]omeprazole, [ 35 S]omeprazole and [2‐ pyridyl ‐ 14 C‐ methyl ]‐omeprazole are described. The first three compounds were prepared from the approprlate isotopically labelled carbon disulphide. The key step in the synthesis of [2‐ pyridyl ‐ 14 C‐ methyl ]omeprazole is nucleophilic alkylation of a 1‐ethoxypyridinium salt using [ 14 C]methyl magnesium idodide. This is the first time that a reaction of this type has been used to prepare a 2‐[ methyl ]‐ 14 C]methylpyridine.
Performance Results With ALSTOM’s Circulating Moving Bed Combuster™ (2003)

ALSTOM is developing and testing a new and more efficient coal combustion technology, including a new type of steam generator known as a “circulating moving bed (CMBTM) combustion system combustor.” The CMBTM combustion system technology involves a novel method of solid fuel combustion and heat transfer. In this design, a heat exchanger will heat the energy cycle working fluid, steam or air, to the high temperature levels required for advanced power generation systems. This will produce a step change in both performance and capital costs relative to today’s pulverized coal and fluid bed boiler designs. In addition to high temperature Rankine cycles, the CMBTM combustion system is an enabling technology for hydrogen production and CO2 capture from combustion systems utilizing innovative chemical looping airblown gasification and syngas decarbonization. ALSTOM’s 3MWth Multi-Use Combustion Test Facility has been modified to allow operation in CMBTM combustion system mode. This paper summarizes the results of this program, which includes performance results from pilot plant testing. Participants include the U.S. DOE, ALSTOM, the University of Massachusetts, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The total program cost is $2,485,468 with the DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) providing 60% of the funding under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-01NT41223.
Amyloid β‐Mediated Oxidative and Metabolic Stress in Rat Cortical Neurons: No Direct Evidence for a Role for H2O2 Generation (1996)

H2O2 and free radical-mediated oxidative stresses have been implicated in mediating amyloid beta (1-40) [A beta (1-40)] neurotoxicity to cultured neurons. In this study, we confirm that addition of the H2O2-scavenging enzyme catalase protects neurons in culture against A beta-mediated toxicity; however, it does so by a mechanism that does not involve its ability to scavenge H2O2. A beta-mediated elevation in intracellular H2O2 production is suppressed by addition of a potent H2O2 scavenger without any significant neuroprotection. Three intracellular biochemical markers of H2O2-mediated oxidative stress were unchanged by A beta treatment: (a) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, (b) hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and (c) glucose oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. lonspray mass spectra of A beta in the incubation medium indicated that A beta itself is an unlikely source of reactive oxygen species. In this study we demonstrate that intracellular ATP concentration is compromised during the first 24-h exposure of neurons to A beta. Our results challenge a pivotal role for H2O2 generation in mediating A beta toxicity, and we suggest that impairment of energy homeostasis may be a more significant early factor in the neurodegenerative process.