gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FSO communication system for high-speed trains under varying visibility conditions (2023)

High-speed train systems are rapidly growing in complexity and coverage, demanding efficient high-speed internet services. Existing radio frequency technology struggles to meet these demands due to handover mechanisms and limited connectivity times. Furthermore, current free-space optics (FSO) techniques require a large number of base stations (BSs), resulting in high costs. This study presents a novel high-speed train communication technique, using FSO, that significantly reduces the number of required BSs while maintaining sufficient coverage and data speeds. The proposed technique can be adapted for fixed or variable representations of transmitted and received power, providing a fixed or variable data rate. The research also investigates the impact of divergence angle on transmitted and received power. By employing the proposed communication technique, a system with a fixed data rate, such as 1.25 Gbps, can be achieved. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach in high-speed train applications, reducing the number of BSs from 113, as reported in the best existing literature, to less than 10. Weather conditions, including clear, haze, thin fog, light fog, and heavy fog, are considered when calculating the required BS locations to achieve a target data rate. Additionally, this work introduces a new handover mechanism and mathematical formulation, providing a more comprehensive solution for high-speed train communication systems. The simulations and evaluations conducted in this study are based on parameters and equations from previous works to ensure a fair comparison.
Ultrasonic tissue-type imaging (TTI) for planning treatment of prostate cancer (2004)

Our research is intended to develop ultrasonic methods for characterizing cancerous prostate tissue and thereby to improve the effectiveness of biopsy guidance, therapy targeting, and treatment monitoring. We acquired radio-frequency (RF) echo-signal data and clinical variables, e.g., PSA, during biopsy examinations. We computed spectra of the RF signals in each biopsied region, and trained neural network classifers with over 3,000 sets of data using biopsy data as the gold standard. For imaging, a lookup table returned scores for cancer likelihood on a pixel-by-pixel basis from spectral-parameter and PSA values. Using ROC analyses, we compared classification performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to conventional classification with a leave-one-patient-out approach intended to minimize the chance of bias. Tissue-type images (TTIs) were compared to prostatectomy histology to further assess classification performance. ROC-curve areas were greater for ANNs than for the B-mode-based classification by more than 20%, e.g., 0.75 +/- 0.03 for neural-networks vs. 0.64 +/- 0.03 for B-mode LOSs. ANN sensitivity was 17% better than the sensitivity range of ultrasound-guided biopsies. TTIs showed tumors that were entirely unrecognized in conventional images and undetected during surgery. We are investigating TTIs for guiding prostrate biopsies, and for planning radiation dose-escalation and tissue-sparing options, and monitoring prostrate cancer.
Origin of additional broad peaks in Raman spectra from thin germanium-rich silicon–germanium films (2016)

Abstract Additional broad peaks in Raman spectra from thin Ge-rich SiGe films were examined in detail. The broad peak on the low-wavenumber side of first-order optical phonon was also present for pure Ge, which indicates that the localized mode is not the reason for the broad peaks. Furthermore, other factors, e.g., strain, defect, phonon confinement effect, Fano effect, and fluorescence from oil, were excluded from the origin of the broad peaks. We assigned the broad peaks to surface optical phonon modes. The dependence of this surface mode on Ge concentration in Ge-rich SiGe was also investigated and the behavior was discussed.
Untersuchungen zur Charge‐Transfer‐Wechselwirkung von Phenolen mit Tetracyanethylen (TCNE) (1992)

Investigations on the Charge‐Transfer Interaction of Phenols with Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) The donor properties of some phenol derivatives were determined by measuring the UV/Vis spectra of their CT complexes with tetracyanoethylene in 1,2‐dichloroethane and acetonitrile at room temperature. The ionization potentials of the phenolic compounds have been calculated by using the longest visible charge‐transfer absorption of the donor‐acceptor complex by linear correlation analysis. The charge‐transfer spectra are discussed in dependence on the ring substituents in terms of electronic and steric factors. Increasing donor strength of the substituents decreases the ionization potential of the phenols as demonstrated by an LFE relationship using the Hammett constants. However, ortho donor substituents enhance the donor strength of the aromatic ring as well.
Charged-particle multiplicity fluctuations in Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$$ = 2.76 TeV (2021)

Abstract Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of charged-particle multiplicities in Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>NN</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> $$=$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:math> 2.76 TeV using the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented in the pseudorapidity range $$|\eta |&lt;0.8$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and transverse momentum $$0.2&lt; p_{\mathrm{T}} &lt; 2.0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV/ c . The amplitude of the fluctuations is expressed in terms of the variance normalized by the mean of the multiplicity distribution. The $$\eta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:math> and $$p_{\mathrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> dependences of the fluctuations and their evolution with respect to collision centrality are investigated. The multiplicity fluctuations tend to decrease from peripheral to central collisions. The results are compared to those obtained from HIJING and AMPT Monte Carlo event generators as well as to experimental data at lower collision energies. Additionally, the measured multiplicity fluctuations are discussed in the context of the isothermal compressibility of the high-density strongly-interacting system formed in central Pb–Pb collisions.
Pipe Perforation vs. String Cuts for Leaching Mitigation. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Abstract 18943: Coculture With Mesp1-overexpressing Muscle Derived Stem Cells Protects Cardiomyocytes From Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis (2017)

Myocardial infarction (MI), caused by prolonged ischemia and hypoxia in the heart, triggers apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and replacement of lost cardiomyocytes by fibrotic tissue leads to cardiac f...
Synthesis and Microcontact Printing of Dual End‐Functionalized Mucin‐like Glycopolymers for Microarray Applications (2009)

Abstract Klick‐Verschluss : Glycopolymere können verwendet werden, um Glycane auf Mikroarrays in nativ‐ähnlichen Architekturen zu präsentieren. Mucin‐mimetische Glycopolymere (siehe Bild; TR=Fluorophor) mit einheitlicher Struktur wurden beim Mikrokontakt‐Stempeln in Gegenwart eines Kupferkatalysators über ihre Alkin‐Endgruppen auf Azid‐funktionalisierten Chips verankert. Die befestigten Glycopolymere waren in der Lage, Lectine ligandenspezifisch zu binden. magnified image
Stochastic Cramer–Rao bound for direction estimation in unknown noise fields (2002)

The stochastic Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) plays an important role in array processing because several advanced high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods are known to achieve this bound asymptotically. In the paper, the stochastic CRB on the DOA estimation accuracy is studied in the general case of an arbitrary unknown noise field parameterised by a vector of unknowns. Explicit closed-form expressions for the CRB are derived and its properties are examined theoretically and by practically relevant numerical examples.
Encoding NF-κB temporal control in response to TNF: distinct roles for the negative regulators IκBα and A20 (2008)

TNF-induced NF-kappaB activity shows complex temporal regulation whose different phases lead to distinct gene expression programs. Combining experimental studies and mathematical modeling, we identify two temporal amplification steps-one determined by the obligate negative feedback regulator IkappaBalpha-that define the duration of the first phase of NF-kappaB activity. The second phase is defined by A20, whose inducible expression provides for a rheostat function by which other inflammatory stimuli can regulate TNF responses. Our results delineate the nonredundant functions implied by the knockout phenotypes of ikappabalpha and a20, and identify the latter as a signaling cross-talk mediator controlling inflammatory and developmental responses.
Pediatric Cushing’s syndrome: greater risk of being overweight or obese after long-term remission and its predictive factors (2020)

Children and adolescents with CS have a high risk of being overweight or obese after successful treatment for their disease. At risk patients can be identified quickly based on their baseline BMI and initial weight loss after surgery. Efforts should focus on adopting healthy diet and lifestyle in the immediate postoperative period.
An active TX/RX NMR probe for real-time monitoring of MRI field imperfections (2013)

In this paper, we present a PCB-based active miniaturized MR field probe for real-time monitoring of the magnetization's phase evolution during magnetic resonance (MR) experiments. The data obtained with the presented sensor can be used to correct gradient field imperfections which uncorrected result in significant distortions in the reconstructed MR images. The presented active field probe consists of a susceptibility matched solenoidal MR coil and a complete homodyne transceiver. Thanks to the local generation of the radio frequency signal required for the excitation of the spin ensemble and the downconversion of the recorded MR signal to low frequencies, the proposed architecture significantly reduces the crosstalk between the probe head and the MR imaging object compared to existing designs. MR measurements performed in an ultra high field 9.4 T full-body scanner prove the compatibility of the presented sensor with commercial MR imaging systems and demonstrate its excellent MR phase tracking performance.
Compounding and Polymer Processing with Different Extruder Types (2021)

No AccessPlastics Compounding and Polymer ProcessingDec 2021Compounding and Polymer Processing with Different Extruder TypesKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald RustKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald Rusthttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908389.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: 341-527Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-837-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-838-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Micromethod for Assaying Serum Levels of Erythromycin (1969)

A micromethod for assaying serum levels of erythromycin is described. The assay had the following characteristics: detection of 0.03 to 0.035 mug/ml, a long-range curve which minimizes sample dilution, 0.04 ml for a single measurement (0.3 ml required for full coverage), and utility for a variety of body fluids. The method employs radial diffusion from small paper discs which were saturated by capillary action rather than by dipping or pipetting. Although the method was designed to handle serum in which the sample volume is limited, statistical analysis demonstrated that the method has satisfactory precision for routine use. A study of 10 consecutive assays indicates a precision of +/-12% at the 95% confidence limits. The method of least squares was used to calculate the line of best fit, and the statistics were developed on this basis. The assay method is applicable to a variety of antibiotics.
Supplementary Data from Identification and Validation of T-cell Receptors Targeting <i>RAS</i> Hotspot Mutations in Human Cancers for Use in Cell-based Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data Table 6.&lt;/p&gt;
Luminescence of LuCl$_3$ Doped With Pr$^{3+}$ (2008)

The optical properties of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> activated LuCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> under intra-ionic 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rarr 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 5d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and band gap (lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ex</sub> = 193 nm; X-ray) excitations has been evaluated. The luminescence of LuCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> is found to be strongly dependent on the excitation energy: for energies less than the absorption edge of the host, the luminescence of LuCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> : Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> is dominated by the 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 5d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> rarr 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> interconfigurational optical transitions. When luminescence is excited by photons with energies corresponding to the absorption edge or the band gap of the host, the emission spectrum is dominated by the intraconfigurational 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rarr 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> optical transitions, which emanate from the Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 3P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</sub> states. The luminescence efficiency of the inter- and intraconfigurational optical transitions is high at room temperature. A model to account for the dependence of the emission behavior of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion on the excitation energy is presented.
Role of the trading network in the diffusion of Newcastle disease in the Lake Alaotra region, Madagascar: A social network ananlysis (2011)

First reported in 1946, Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major constraints of poultry farming in Madagascar.The trading network is thought to be the major pathway for transmission of this disease.This study aimed to describe the poultry commercial network in the Lake Alaotra region and assess the potential role of its components and its structure in the diffusion of ND virus.Several methods were combined to acquire data: classical survey, participatory epidemiology and disease surveillance.Social network analysis methods were used to analyze data.Network topology was scale-free, with 347 nodes and 1448 links.Hierarchical clustering showed six classes of nodes which were associated with ND outbreaks (p=0.004).The originality of this study was having an almost complete network in developing countries with a measure of diseases.This is the first step of analysis, further studies would concern modelling the dynamics of ND within network taking into account virus strains which circulate.
Impaired S-Nitrosylation of the Ryanodine Receptor Caused by Xanthine Oxidase Activity Contributes to Calcium Leak in Heart Failure (2010)

S-Nitrosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that regulates diverse biologic processes. In skeletal muscle, hypernitrosylation of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) causes sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leak, but whether abnormalities of cardiac RyR nitrosylation contribute to dysfunction of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling remains controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that cardiac RyR2 is hyponitrosylated in heart failure, because of nitroso-redox imbalance. We evaluated excitation-contraction coupling and nitroso-redox balance in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats with dilated cardiomyopathy and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats. Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure myocytes were characterized by depressed contractility, increased diastolic Ca(2+) leak, hyponitrosylation of RyR2, and enhanced xanthine oxidase derived superoxide. Global S-nitrosylation was decreased in failing hearts compared with nonfailing. Xanthine oxidase inhibition restored global and RyR2 nitrosylation and reversed the diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak, improving Ca(2+) handling and contractility. Together these findings demonstrate that nitroso-redox imbalance causes RyR2 oxidation, hyponitrosylation, and SR Ca(2+) leak, a hallmark of cardiac dysfunction. The reversal of this phenotype by inhibition of xanthine oxidase has important pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications.
Estimation de l'attitude d'un satellite par recalage d'images (2010)

National audience
184: Effect of Chronic, Low-Pressure, Sterile Vesicoureteral Reflux on Renal Growth and Function in a Porcine Model: A Radiologic and Pathologic Study (2004)

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing the outcome of VUR in DS in 35 children (44 units) and 95 controls (150 units) with VUR in SS. Patients with secondary reflux (e.g. neurogenic bladder), incomplete duplication and ureterocele were excluded. Two groups were similar in terms of age at presentation, sex, mode of presentation, length of follow up, presence of voiding dysfunction and distribution of VUR grade. The mean follow up ( +/standard deviation) forDS and SS groups were 43 ( +/-24) and 48 ( +/-23) months respectively. The outcomes of interest were spontaneous resolution or uncomplicated persistence vs surgical correction. Same criteria were used to surgically intervene in the two groups, which included: breakthrough urinary infection, new renal scar, inability or non compliance to continue medical management, non resolution of reflux after 5 years of observation along with parental preference.
Micromachined solenoids for highly sensitive magnetic sensors (2002)

Micromachined solenoids on silicon wafer for highly sensitive vector magnetic field sensors have been proposed. The feature of the solenoids is that the magnetic field is parallel to the wafer surface. In order to realize interconnections on three-dimensional structure, direct electron beam lithography was utilized. The formation of Mo interconnections was achieved on the surface of deep U-shaped grooves. Applications of the solenoids are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pyrolysis of Titanicone Molecular Layer Deposition Films as Precursors for Conducting TiO2/Carbon Composite Films (2013)

Titanium alkoxide films known as “titanicones” were grown using molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques using the sequential exposure of TiCl4 and glycerol. These titanicone MLD films were then pyrolyzed under argon to yield conducting TiO2/carbon composite films. The Raman spectra of the pyrolyzed titanicone films revealed the characteristic “D” and “G” peaks associated with sp2-graphitic carbon. X-ray diffraction analysis of the pyrolyzed titanicone films displayed the signatures for anatase and rutile TiO2 after heating to 600 °C and then only rutile TiO2 after heating to 900 °C. X-ray photoelectron depth profiling of the pyrolyzed titanicone films showed that the carbon was distributed throughout the film and began to segregate to the surface after heating to 900 °C. The sheet resistance of the pyrolyzed titanicone films dropped dramatically versus pyrolysis temperature and reached a minimum sheet resistance of 2.2 × 104 Ω/□ after heating to 800 °C. On the basis of the measured film thickness of 88 nm, the resistivity of the pyrolyzed titanicone film after heating to 800 °C was ρ = 0.19 Ω cm. Segregation of other hybrid organic–inorganic films into sp2-graphitic carbon and metal oxide domains after pyrolysis under argon was also observed for alucone films and various metalcone films based on Zn, Zr, Hf, and Mn. The conducting TiO2/carbon composite films and other metal oxide/carbon composite films could have important electrochemical applications as electrodes for Li ion batteries or pseudocapacitance supercapacitors.
Das Wolframatogermanat [Ce20Ge10W100O376(OH)4(H2O)30]56−: ein Polyoxometallat mit 20 Cer(III)‐Atomen (2007)

Eines der größten Polywolframate, das 20 Cer(III)-Atome enthaltende Wolframatogermanat [Ce20Ge10W100O376(OH)4(H2O)30]56− (1), wurde durch Reaktion von CeIII-Ionen mit der trilakunaren polyanionischen Vorstufe [α-GeW9O34]10− in wässriger Lösung synthetisiert. Das Polyanion 1 ist das erste Lanthanoid-substituierte Wolframatogermanat und kann als dimere Einheit beschrieben werden, die über lange Ce-O(W)-Brücken verbunden ist.
Tools for System Design of Integrated Modular Avionics (2014)

Growth of modern avionics systems makes design of such systems impossible without involvement of automation. Nowadays an area of such tools is represented by both the proprietary tools developed by the major aircraft manufacturers like Boeing and Airbus, and a number of open or partially open international projects varying in maturity, availability of source code and documentation. The paper presents a toolset for design of modern avionics systems developed by ISPRAS in collaboration with GosNIIAS. The toolset provides both a generic platform for design and analysis of architecture models and a specialized solution for the particular domain of avionics systems.
A search for a doubly-charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 \ \mbox{TeV}$ (2012)

Abstract A search for a doubly-charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 \ \mbox{TeV}$ is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb −1 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed using events with three or more isolated charged leptons of any flavor, giving sensitivity to the decays of pair-produced triplet components Φ ++ Φ −− , and Φ ++ Φ − from associated production. No excess is observed compared to the background prediction, and upper limits at the 95 % confidence level are set on the Φ ++ production cross section, under specific assumptions on its branching fractions. Lower bounds on the Φ ++ mass are reported, providing significantly more stringent constraints than previously published limits.