gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE VON SCHWEFELVERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. NEUE RK. AN CHIRALEM SCHWEFEL ZUR VERVOLLSTAENDIGUNG DES ERSTEN MONOLIGOSTATISCHEN STEREOCHEMISCHEN RK.‐CYCLUS (1972)

Abstract Der erste, von dem Sulfoxid (Ia) über die Verbindungen (II)‐(VI) und wieder zurück zu (Ia) führende monoligostatische (unter Beibehaltung nur eines gemeinsamen Liganden) Reaktionscyclus, ferner ein diligostatischer [(Ia) 4‐ (IV)‐(V)‐(VI)‐(Ia)] und zwei triligostatische Cyclen [(Ia)‐(VII) ‐+ (VIII)‐(Ib) und (IIb)‐(IX)‐(X)‐(IIa)] werden beschrieben.
Measurement of Intracellular Ions by Flow Cytometry (1995)

Abstract The recent development of a number of new fluorescent probes makes it possible to measure the concentrations of various intracellular free ions in single living cells. Among these ions are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and hydrogen (pH). This unit describes flow cytometric protocols using the dyes Indo‐1 AM, Fluo‐3, and Fura Red AM to measure intracellular calcium concentration. Support protocols detail the use of calcium buffers to calibrate a flow cytometric calcium assay, and methods to facilitate dye loading; an alternate protocol describes the use of a spectrofluorimeter to measure intracellular calcium for those investigators without access to a flow cytometer.
MMSE Infinite Length Symbol-by-Symbol Linear Equalization Achieves Full Diversity (2007)

This paper investigates the diversity order of single-carrier, symbol-by-symbol linear equalization (LE). It is shown that minimum mean square error (MMSE) linear equalizers achieve full diversity of v + 1 (the number of channel taps) independent of spectral efficiency. Our results also provide a new proof for the full diversity of decision feedback equalization (DFE), which was shown originally in A. Medles and D.T.M Slock (2004).
The contribution of CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A mutations in hemiplegic migraine: A clinical and genetic study in Finnish migraine families (2018)

Objective To study the position of hemiplegic migraine in the clinical spectrum of migraine with aura and to reveal the importance of CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A in the development of hemiplegic migraine in Finnish migraine families. Methods The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition criteria were used to determine clinical characteristics and occurrence of hemiplegic migraine, based on detailed questionnaires, in a Finnish migraine family collection consisting of 9087 subjects. Involvement of CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A was studied using whole exome sequencing data from 293 patients with hemiplegic migraine. Results Overall, hemiplegic migraine patients reported clinically more severe headache and aura episodes than non-hemiplegic migraine with aura patients. We identified two mutations, c.1816G>A (p.Ala606Thr) and c.1148G>A (p.Arg383His), in ATP1A2 and one mutation, c.1994C>T (p.Thr665Met) in CACNA1A. Conclusions The results highlight hemiplegic migraine as a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. Hemiplegic migraine patients do not form a clearly separate group with distinct symptoms, but rather have an extreme phenotype in the migraine with aura continuum. We have shown that mutations in CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A are not the major cause of the disease in Finnish hemiplegic migraine patients, suggesting that there are additional genetic factors contributing to the phenotype.
Trio-pharmacophore DNA-encoded Chemical Library for Simultaneous Selection of Fragments and Linkers. (2022)

Abstract The split-and-pool method has been widely used to synthesize chemical libraries of a large size, albeit without the possibility of meaningful quality control. In contrast, a self-assembled DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) allows us to construct an m x n-member library by mixing an m-member and an n-member pre-purified sub-libraries. Herein, we report a trio-pharmacophore DEL (T-DEL) of m x l x n members through assembling three pre-purified and validated sub-libraries. The middle sub-library is synthesized using DNA-templated synthesis with different reaction mechanisms and designed as a linkage connecting the fragments displayed on the flanking two sub-libraries. In spite of assembling three fragments, the resulting compounds do not exceed the up-to-date standard of molecular weight regarding drug-likeness. The utility of T-DEL has been demonstrated in linker optimization for known binding fragments against trypsin and carbonic anhydrase II and de novo selections against matrix metalloprotease-2 and − 9.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Enhances Cardiac Fibrosis Effects on the Aging Rat Hearts. (2016)

Aging and SHS exposure in rats will produce elevated fibrosis. Exposure to SHS will accelerate aging and left ventricular fibrosis.
On the Prospects of Magnetization Transfer Imaging at 0.55T (2023)

Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging has been extensively used to explore microstructural changes in the brain at high fields. In this work, we explore the potential of a 3D half-radial dual-echo balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence for fast whole-brain magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging at low-field strength. Our work indicates superiority of MT-sensitized bSSFP against conventional MT-prepared spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) in terms of MT contrast and resolution within similar scan time. In conclusion, MTR imaging with bSSFP offers excellent prospects for broad clinical translation and application at low fields.
Abstract 6932: Safety of Left Atrial Appendage Closure on Uninterrupted Warfarin Therapy (2021)

Introduction: Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) device for stroke prevention is a safe and effective alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The safety of performing LAAC on uninterrupted warfarin (UW) compared to interrupted warfarin (IW) is currently unknown. Hypothesis: Complication rates of performing LAAC on UW vs. IW will be similar. Methods: We reviewed the data from the second half of PROTECT-AF trial, PREVAIL trial, CAP and CAP2 registries. Patients were categorized to the UW group if INR on the day of the procedure was ≥2 and to the IW group if INR was &lt;2. Procedural complications within 7 days of LAAC were reviewed. An association between complications and AC strategy was analyzed. Results: Data from 1580 patients were reviewed and 294 patients (18.6%) received LAAC on UW. The UW group had a mean INR of 2.4±0.4 and IW group had a mean INR of 1.3±0.3. There were several differences in baseline characteristics: lower BMI in the UW group (28.6±5.3 vs 29.5±6.0, p=0.01), fewer patients with hypertension in the UW group (87.1% vs 91.1%, p=0.04), lower HAS-BLED score in the UW group (2.0±1.0 vs 2.1±1.0, p&lt;0.01), and more patients with persistent AF in the UW group (37.1% vs 26.4%, p&lt;0.01). Overall, there were no significant differences in total or individual complication rates between the two groups (UW 5.1% vs IW 6.1%, p=0.59). Although not statistically significant, lower event rates were noted in the UW group for the following: stroke (0% vs 0.3%, p&gt;0.99), pericardial effusion requiring intervention (1.7% vs 1.8%, p&gt;0.99), pseudoaneurysm (0% vs 0.4%, p=0.59), hematoma (0% vs 0.2%, p&gt;0.99), and device embolism (0% vs 0.2%, p=1.0). The UW group had statistically insignificant higher events rates of AV fistula (0.3% vs 0%, p=0.19) and major bleeding requiring transfusion (1% vs 0.5%, p=0.38). In addition, there was no significant difference in periprocedural ischemic stroke (0% vs 0.3%, p&gt;0.99). Conclusion: In this retrospective analysis, no significant difference was observed in procedural complication rates when performing LAAC on UW vs. IW. These results suggest that LAAC can be safely performed without interruption of OAC.
Identification and biochemical characterization of secreted Wnt-1 protein from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells induced to differentiate along the neuroectodermal lineage. (1994)

Previous studies have described Wnt-1 protein synthesized by cell lines transfected with Wnt-1 cDNA. This report presents the first identification and biochemical characterization of native Wnt-1 protein, from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells undergoing neuroectodermal differentiation. The data demonstrate that P19 cells efficiently process and secrete glycosylated Wnt-1 protein species of 40 kD and 42 kD. Similar to recombinant Wnt-1 proteins, native Wnt-1 proteins are associated with the cell surface upon secretion and can be released by suramin treatment of the cells. Non-reducing gel analysis showed that Wnt-1 proteins are secreted as monomers.
Degenerative Spine Disease (2006)

A number of pathologic changes have been reported in spinal surgery specimens. The frequency of many of these is not well defined. We retrospectively reviewed the histologic features of 985 extradural spinal surgery specimens. Of the cases, 1.6% were identified clinically as synovial cysts. In addition, synovial tissue was seen in another 5.3% of cases, often embedded within disk material. Neovascularization of disk tissue was present in 8.1% of cases, chondrocyte clusters in 18.3%, and calcium pyrophosphate crystals in 2.8%, predominantly within disk material. With the exception of crystal deposits, all of these changes were significantly more common in the lumbar spine. A better understanding of cell-based degenerative changes will become essential with increasing research into cell-based therapies for spinal disk disease. We report data on the frequency of different pathologic changes and describe synovial metaplasia as a reactive change not previously reported.
SAR codes (2013)

SAR codes are designed for transmission by a portable wireless device to provide high reliability and data rates on a wireless channel, while maintaining low human exposure to electromagnetic radiation. We provide design criteria and examples of SAR codes and show that a 3 dB reduction in exposure is within reach on some devices versus standard single-antenna methods or spacetime codes. This reduction in exposure can be used to boost the transmitted power and extend the usable range of a portable device while maintaining a prescribed exposure level.
Thymoma-associated panencephalitis: a newly emerging paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (2017)

Recently, a few case reports of thymoma-associated panencephalitis (TAPE) have brought to light a disease entity that has not been fully characterized. Literature review of TAPE reveals an array of associated neuronal antibodies, with varied responses to thymomectomy with or without immunotherapy. This report describes a case of TAPE and proposes that the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor antibody is a potential target antigen driving the immune process in this disease entity. Treatment-wise, early thymomectomy consistently improves the overall course of disease. Further study of such cases will be critical in clarifying the mechanisms of disease, improving early diagnosis, and developing targeted approaches to treatment.
Erratum: Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments (2018)

Nat. Biotechnol. 35, 969–976 (2017); published online 18 September 2017; corrected after print 28 February 2018 In the version of this article initially published, in the HTML, the wrong Creative Commons Attribution license (cc-by-nc rather than cc-by) was inserted. The error has been corrected in the HTML version of the article.
Contributions of biological tumor parameters to the incorporation rate of l-[methyl-11C] methionine into astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (2008)

We compared the tumor uptake of (11)C-methionine (MET) with positron emission tomography (PET) with the results of a pathological analysis to examine the proliferative potential and microvessel density measured with immunostaining for MIB-1 and factor VIII, respectively, from 33 patients with glioma. The MET uptake in oligodendrogliomas was significantly greater than that in grade 2 astrocytomas and comparable to those in grade 3 and 4 astrocytomas. The MIB-1 index of oligodendroglioma meanwhile was comparable to that of grade 2 astrocytoma. The microvessel area in oligodendroglioma was significantly greater than that in grade 2 astrocytomas and comparable to those in grade 3 and 4 astrocytomas. According to a multivariate statistical analysis, MET uptake ratio was closely correlated with the MIB-1 index among astrocytomas. An increase in the microvessel area in the oligodendrogliomas contributed to the higher MET uptake among the tumors with a low-proliferative index. This information is important for interpreting the results of MET-PET studies for clinical use.
Mutations in Human Urate Transporter 1 Gene in Presecretory Reabsorption Defect Type of Familial Renal Hypouricemia (2005)

To date, 11 loss of function mutations in the human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) gene have been identified in subjects with idiopathic renal hypouricemia. In the present studies we investigated the clinical features and the mutations in the hURAT1 gene in seven families with presecretory reabsorption defect-type renal hypouricemia and in one family with the postsecretory reabsorption defect type. Twelve affected subjects and 26 family members were investigated. Mutations were analyzed by PCR and the direct sequencing method. Urate-transporting activities of wild-type and mutant hURAT1 were determined by [14C]urate uptake in Xenopus oocytes. Mutational analysis revealed three previously reported mutations (G774A, A1145T, and 1639-1643 del-GTCCT) and a novel mutation (T1253G) in families with the presecretory reabsorption defect type. Neither mutations in the coding region of hURAT1 gene nor significant segregation patterns of the hURAT1 locus were detected in the postsecretory reabsorption defect type. All hURAT1 mutants had significantly reduced urate-transporting activities compared with wild type (P < 0.05; n = 12), suggesting that T1253G is a loss of function mutation, and hURAT1 is responsible for the presecretory reabsorption defect-type familial renal hypouricemia. Future studies are needed to identify a responsible gene for the postsecretory reabsorption defect-type familial renal hypouricemia.
Nanostructuring with a Crosslinkable Discotic Material (2007)

A high-yielding synthesis afforded a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene carrying acrylate units at the end of six attached alkyl spacers. The polymerization of these acrylate moieties could be initiated with thermal energy and through direct photoactivation without the addition of a photoinitiator. This allowed the organization of the liquid-crystalline material to be fixed in either the crystalline state or the mesophase, which preserved the organization in the respective phase. The use of a focused synchrotron beam permitted selected regions of a thin film to be rendered insoluble. After "developing" the film in this lithographic process by dissolving the soluble, unpolymerized material, defined nano-objects remained on the substrate. In addition, the pronounced aromatic pi stacking of the novel material allows an organization in mesoporous membranes that could be fixed by thermal crosslinking. After the removal of the inorganic template, mechanically stable nanotubes were obtained, which were characterized by different microscopy techniques.
Self-Assembly Between LiFePO4 and Carbon Black during Electrode Processing for High Power Li-Ion Battery (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization in large multicomputer systems (1994)

The cost of synchronizing a multicomputer increases with system size. For large multicomputers, the time and resources spent to enable each node to estimate the clock value of every other node in the system can be prohibitive. We show how to reduce the cost of synchronization by assigning each node to one or more groups, then having each node estimate the clock values of only those nodes with which it shares a group. Since each node estimates the clock value of only a subset of the nodes, the cost of synchronization can be significantly reduced. We also provide a method for computing the maximum skew between any two nodes in the multicomputer, and a method for computing the maximum time between synchronizations. We also show how the fault tolerance of the synchronization algorithm may be determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Loss of Hmga1 gene function affects embryonic stem cell lymphohematopoietic differentiation (2003)

By interacting with transcription machinery, high-mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) proteins alter the chromatin structure and thereby regulate the transcriptional activity of several genes. To assess their role in development, we studied the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells that bear one or both disrupted Hmga1 alleles. Here, we report that Hmga1 null ES cells generate fewer T-cell precursors than do wild-type ES cells. Indeed, they preferentially differentiate to B cells, probably consequent to decreased interleukin 2 expression and increased interleukin 6 expression. Moreover, a lack of HMGA1 expression induces changes in hemopoietic differentiation, i.e., a reduced monocyte/macrophage population and an increase in megakaryocyte precursor numbers, erythropoiesis, and globin gene expression. Re-expression of the Hmga1 gene in Hmga1 null ES cells restores the wild-type phenotype. The effect on megakaryocyte/erythrocyte lineages seems, at least in part, mediated by the GATA-1 transcription factor, a key regulator of red blood cell differentiation. In fact, we found that Hmga1-/- ES cells overexpress GATA-1 and that HMGA1 proteins directly control GATA-1 transcription. Taken together, these data indicate that HMGA1 proteins play a prime role in lymphohematopoietic differentiation.
Soft lithography: masters on demand (2008)

We report an ultra-rapid prototyping technique for forming microchannel networks for lab-on-a-chip applications, called masters on-demand. Channels are produced by replica molding on masters formed by laser printing on flexible copper printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. Masters of various designs and dimensions can be individually or mass produced in less than 10 minutes. Using this technique, we have fabricated channels as narrow as 100 μm with heights ranging between 9 μm and 70 μm. Multi-depth channel fabrication is also reported, using a two-step printing process. The functionality of devices formed in this manner is verified by performing in-channel electrophoretic separations and culture and analysis of primary mammalian cells.
Energy-efficient indirect evaporative cooler design framework: An experimental and numerical study (2023)

A remarkable surge in cooling demand is observed in the last decades. Currently, the cooling market is dominated by mechanical vapor compression chillers which are energy intensive and use harmful chemical refrigerants. Therefore, the current focus of the current research in cooling is the development of unconventional, sustainable cooling systems. In this regard, indirect evaporative coolers have shown significant potential (particularly under hot-dry climates) with high energy efficiency, low cost, water-based sustainable operation, and benign emissions. However, these systems are in the development stage and have not yet been fully commercialized because of certain design challenges. An innovative indirect evaporative cooler is proposed, fabricated, and experimentally tested in this study. Particularly, the study is focused on the development of heat transfer coefficient correlation for the system for commercial-scale design and expansion. This is because the earlier available correlation is based on simple airflow between parallel plates assumption and does not incorporate the effect of the evaporative potential of the system resulting in under/over-estimation of the heat transfer characteristics. The results showed that the proposed system achieved a temperature drop of 20 °C, a cooling capacity of around 180 W, and an overall heat transfer coefficient of up to 30 W/m2K. Moreover, the study presents an experiment-regression-based heat transfer coefficient correlation that satisfactorily captures the effect of outdoor air temperature and airflow rate ratio which are critical in the design of evaporative coolers. The proposed correlation showed a high (±5%) with experimental data thus making it suitable for the future design of IEC systems over assorted operating scenarios.
Facile synthesis of precious-metal single-site catalysts using organic solvents (2020)

Single site catalysts can present high activity and selectivity in many catalytic reactions. The synthesis of these materials by impregnation from strongly oxidising aqueous solutions or pH-controlled deposition often leads to low metal loadings or a range of metal species. We have prepared single site catalyts by a simple impregnation of the metal precursors onto activated carbon from a low boiling point, low polarity solvent, such as acetone, results in catalysts with an atomic dispersion of cationic metal species. This file contains electron microscopy imaging of the fresh single site catalysts. In all cases the fresh catalyst contains atomically disperesed metal species, mostly containing single atoms but some dimers and small clusters can be seen as well. These observations for the microscopy study is supported by X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies. This file contains XANES and EXAFS analysis of the fresh catalysts, the EXAFS is showing no metal-metal contributions in all cases. The catalysts are also studied after heating in the reactor under argon to the reaction temperature, after 10 minutes of reaction and after 240 minutes or reaction. EXAFS data shows no metal-metal contributions in any of these steps. XRD of all catalyst are included, no reflections from the active metal can be seen in all cases. The XAS data is supported by XPS data, this shows the presence of acac ligands in the case of the fresh Ru, Pt and Pd catalysts. It also shows that this ligand is replaced by chloride after reaction. And testing data in the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction is attached. This show the comparison between the Au/C catalyst prepared via this new method and the 'standard' aqua regia catalysts. Next to this the performance of catalysts prepared by a varytiy of solvents is included as well as the Pt, Ru and Pd single site catalysts.
Engineered/strain-hardening cementitious composites (ECC/SHCC) with an ultra-high compressive strength over 210 MPa (2021)

Engineered/Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC) are fiber-reinforced cement-based materials with tensile strain-hardening and multiple-cracking characteristics. In this study, ultra-high-strength ECC (UHS-ECC) with a compressive strength over 210 MPa was successfully developed for the first time. The developed UHS-ECC exhibited excellent tensile strain capacity (5.2%), and fine crack width (72 μm). These characteristics were realized by combined use of polyethylene and steel fibers in a dense matrix. Two new material indices (f'cftεt index and f'cftεt/w index) were proposed to assess the overall performance of UHS-ECC. Compared with existing high-strength ECC, the developed UHS-ECC records the highest compressive strength and the best overall performance. The findings of this study provide useful knowledge for future design and applications of UHS-ECC.