gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA-Containing Immunocomplexes Promote Inflammasome Assembly and Release of Pyrogenic Cytokines by CD14+CD16+CD64highCD32lowInflammatory Monocytes from Malaria Patients (2015)

Every year, there are approximately 200 million cases of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria, resulting in nearly 1 million deaths, most of which are children. Decades of research on malaria pathogenesis have established that the clinical manifestations are often a consequence of the systemic inflammation elicited by the parasite. Recent studies indicate that parasite DNA is a main proinflammatory component during infection with different Plasmodium species. This finding resembles the mechanism of disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, where host DNA plays a central role in stimulating an inflammatory process and self-damaging reactions. In this study, we disclose the mechanism by which ICs containing Plasmodium DNA activate innate immune cells and consequently stimulate systemic inflammation during acute episodes of malaria. Our results further suggest that Toll-like receptors and inflammasomes have a central role in malaria pathogenesis and provide new insights toward developing novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.
Reassortant Virus Derived from Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses Is Attenuated and Immunogenic in Monkeys (1982)

An influenza A reassortant virus that contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of a virulent human virus, A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), and the six other influenza A virus genome segments from an avirulent avian virus, A/Mallard/New York/6750/78 (H2N2), was evaluated for its level of replication is squirrel monkeys and hamsters. In monkeys, the reassortant virus was as attenuated and as restricted in its level of replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract as its avian influenza virus parent. Nonetheless, infection with the reassortant induced significant resistant to challenge with virulent human influenza virus. In hamsters, the reassortant virus replicated to a level intermediate between that of its parents. These findings suggest that the nonsurface antigen genes of the avian parental virus are the primary determinants of restriction of replication of the reassortant virus in monkeys. Attenuation of the reassortant virus for primates is achieved by inefficient functioning of the avian influenza genes in primate cells, while antigenic specificity of the human influenza virus is provided by the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin genes derived from the human virus. This approach could lead to the development of a live influenza A virus vaccine that is attenuated for man if the avian influenza genes are similarly restricted in human cells.
Experimental Study of Methane Fuel Oxycombustion in an SI Engine (2012)

An experimental investigation of the thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency, and CoV IMEP, of methane fuel oxycombustion in an SI engine has been carried out. Compression ratio, spark-timing, and oxygen concentration were all varied. A variable compression ratio SI engine was operated on both wet and dry EGR working fluids, with results illustrating that the efficiency of the engine operating with a large amount of EGR was significantly reduced relative to methane-in-air operation over all oxygen concentrations and compression ratios. The maximum thermal efficiency of wet EGR, dry EGR, and air was found to be 23.6%, 24.2%, and 31.4%, respectively, corresponding to oxygen volume fractions of 29.3%, 32.7% and 21%. Combustion efficiency was above 98% for wet EGR and approximately 96% for dry EGR. CoV IMEP was low for both cases. The much lower efficiency of both EGR cases relative to air is primarily a result of the reduced specific-heat ratio of the EGR working fluids relative to air working fluid.
Fine force control without force sensor based on reaction force estimation system considering static friction and kinetic friction (2016)

This paper proposes a new sensorless force control system based on reaction force estimation system considering static friction and kinetic friction for industrial robot. As industrial robot uses the harmonic gear and the ball screw, the proposed force control system is structured by the resonance ratio control based speed controller. Moreover, as harmonic gear has a static friction and kinetic friction, the reaction force estimation system needs to reduce the influence on static friction and kinetic friction force. The proposed friction-free force estimation system has the two technics. The first one is the dither signal based static friction free force estimation, and the second one is the Stribeck model based kinetic friction free estimation. Using these technics, the friction-free reaction force estimation system is constructed. In this paper, the validity of proposed system is verified by the experimental results using the actual industrial robot.
Behavior of Oxide during Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties. (2001)

In the stirred zone of friction-stir welds of an aluminum alloy 6N01 plate (formed through extrusion), a zigzag bond line was observed after etching by an aqueous solution of 10% NaOH, when the revolution pitch (tool traveling speed/rotation rate) was greater than a critical value. SEM and TEM observations revealed that the bond line consisted mainly of particular inclusions 0.01-0.2 μm in size. The inclusion was identified as complex oxide involving Al, Mg, and Si based on EDX analyses. The inclusion can be considered to originate from the oxide film that was formed on the plate surface during the extrusion process, since its amount was reduced significantly by removing the as-extruded surface layer through mechanical cutting or grinding. The presence of the bond line had no significant influence on the tensile strength or fatigue strength of the joint, since it was fractured in the heat-affected zone in the tensile and fatigue tests.
Polymorphism in Post-Dichalcogenide Two-Dimensional Materials (2021)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of atomic structures, compositions, and associated versatility of properties. Furthermore, for a given composition, a variety of different crystal structures (i.e., polymorphs) can be observed. Polymorphism in 2D materials presents a fertile landscape for designing novel architectures and imparting new functionalities. The objective of this Review is to identify the polymorphs of emerging 2D materials, describe their polymorph-dependent properties, and outline methods used for polymorph control. Since traditional 2D materials (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides) have already been studied extensively, the focus here is on polymorphism in post-dichalcogenide 2D materials including group III, IV, and V elemental 2D materials, layered group III, IV, and V metal chalcogenides, and 2D transition metal halides. In addition to providing a comprehensive survey of recent experimental and theoretical literature, this Review identifies the most promising opportunities for future research including how 2D polymorph engineering can provide a pathway to materials by design.
Stationary-phase phenomena in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStationary-phase phenomena in capillary supercritical fluid chromatographyStephen R. Springston, Paul. David, Joette. Steger, and Milos. NovotnyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 6, 997–1002Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00297a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (780 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical materials and their regulation of the movement of molecules (2015)

Materials chemistry has been fundamental to the enormous field that encompasses the delivery of molecules both to desired sites and/or at desired rates and durations. The field encompasses the delivery of molecules including fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, food ingredients, fragrances and biopharmaceuticals. A personal perspective is provided on our early work in this field that has enabled the controlled release of ionic substances and macromolecules. Also discussed are new paradigms in creating biomaterials for human use, the non-invasive delivery of molecules through the skin and lungs, the development of intelligent delivery systems and extensions to nanomedicine. With the advent of potentially newer biopharmaceutics such as siRNA, mRNA and gene editing approaches and their use being limited by delivery, future research in this field may be more critical than ever before.
A genetic variant in GLP1R is associated with response to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (2016)

Incretin hormone-based therapy in type 2 diabetes has been widely used, and dipepdityl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which prevent incretin degradation, have become popular oral hypoglycemic agents. The efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors varies from individuals, and factors determining responses to DPP-4 inhibitors have not been fully established. We aimed to investigate whether genetic variations in glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor are associated with responses to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Genetic variations of rs3765467 in GLP-1 receptor were explored in 246 patients with type 2 diabetes who received DPP-4 inhibitors treatment for 24 weeks in addition to previous medication. Patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7% and who were naive to any DPP-4 inhibitors were enrolled. Responders were defined as those who showed a > 10% reduction in HbA1c after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment.DPP-4 inhibitors improved glycemic parameters and lipid profiles. Compared to the major genotype (GG), a larger proportion of patients with the minor allele genotype (GA/AA) were responders (P = 0.018), and also showing greater HbA1c reductions (1.3 ± 1.1 vs 0.9 ± 1.2%; P = 0.022). This genetic effect remained significant even after adjustment for other confounding factors (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.03-3.89).Polymorphism in the GLP-1 receptor may influence DPP-4 inhibitor response. Further studies in larger population will help determine the association between genetic variation and interindividual differences in DPP-4 inhibitor therapy.
Inside Cover: C3‐Symmetric Tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane‐3,5,7‐triol (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48/2017) (2017)

The smallest tricyclic C3-symmetric triol was obtained as a racemate in a simple one-pot synthesis from readily available commercial starting materials and reagents. Classical resolution provided the propeller-like enantiopure triols, which have a high potential for application in asymmetric synthesis, molecular recognition, and materials science. In their Communication on page 15456 ff., G. Haufe et al. provide more details, including the synthesis of a chiral dopant for liquid crystals.
Spatio-Temporal Activity Recognition for Evolutionary Search Behavior Prediction (2022)

Traditional methods for solving problems within computer science rely mostly upon the application of handcrafted algorithms. As however manual engineering of them can be considered to be a tedious process, it is interesting to consider how far internal mechanisms can be directly learned in an end-to-end manner instead. This is especially tempting to consider for metaheuristic and evolutionary optimization routines which inherently rely upon creating abundant amounts of data during run-time. To implement such an approach for these types of algorithms, it effectively requires a pipeline to first acquire deran-domized algorithm components in a domain-dependent manner and secondly a mapping to select them based upon characteristic features which unveil the black box character of an optimization problem. While in principle, within our prior work we proposed methods for extracting spatial features from metadata, these unfortunately fail to acknowledge the time-dependent nature of it. Thus, fail in scenarios when the inputs generated from initial iterations are not expressive enough. For this reason we specifically develop within this work architectures for spatio-temporal data processing. Particularly, we find that our proposed GCN-GRU and LSTM architectures, which take inspiration from CNN-LSTMs originally proposed for activity recognition in multimedia data-streams, demonstrate high efficiency and most consistent performance on time series of variable length. Further, we can also demonstrate that the class activation map (CAM) for interpretable learning with time series data helps to understand and reflects problem-dependent properties of the search behavior of an optimization algorithm.
Tunable high-finesse narrow bandpass Fabry – Perot filter (2004)

This paper discusses the results of the analysis and experimental characterization of a narrow bandpass optical filter based on the Fabry -Perot interferometer configuration with a variable spacing between the mirrors allowing for a relatively wide spectral tunability. Such a filter, with a high-throughput bandpass and sufficiently large aperture and acceptance angle, is of practical interest for a highresolution spectrometry and remote sensing in the visible and infrared spectral regions. The Fabry -Perot filter (FPF) can be designed in a compact single-assembly architecture that can be accommodated within existing instruments and should provide a stable performance under variable thermal and mechanical conditions, including space and airborne platforms. Possible applications of the filter include high-resolution multispectral imaging, terrain mapping, atmosphere and surface parameters measurements, and detection of chemical and biological agents.
Nache: design and implementation of a caching proxy for NFSv4 (2007)

In this paper, we present Nache, a caching proxy for NFSv4 that enables a consistent cache of a remote NFS server to be maintained and shared across multiple local NFS clients. Nache leverages the features of NFSv4 to improve the performance of file accesses in a widearea distributed setting by bringing the data closer to the client. Conceptually, Nache acts as an NFS server to the local clients and as an NFS client to the remote server. To provide cache consistency, Nache exploits the read and write delegations support in NFSv4. Nache enables the cache and the delegation to be shared among a set of local clients, thereby reducing conflicts and improving performance. We have implemented Nache in the Linux 2.6 kernel. Using Filebench workloads and other benchmarks, we present the evaluation of Nache and show that it can reduce the NFS operations at the server by 10-50%. 1
Correlation and Reproducibility of Retinal Vascular Geometric Measurements for Stereoscopic Retinal Images of the Same Eyes (2012)

Use of computer-assisted software to measure retinal vascular geometric parameters from paired fundus images was highly repeatable and is robust to differences in photographic angles of paired stereo images. Such measurements can be applied to evaluate temporal changes in longitudinal studies.
Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Carbocyclic C-Nucleosides and Related Compounds (2001)

Carbocyclic 9-deazapurine nucleosides (1-4), a spiranic pyrimidone carbocyclic compound (5), and an unusual carbocyclic isonucleoside (6) were prepared as enantiomerically pure compounds via the key intermediates 10 and 21 from 1,4-gamma-ribonolactone. The key intermediate 10 was prepared by stereoselective reduction with Bu3SnH and then converted to carbocyclic C-ribonucleosides 1, 3, and 4. 2',3'-Didehydro-2',3'-dideoxycarbocyclic 9-deazainosine (2) was prepared from a 2',3'-dimesylate 17 by treatment with Li2Te followed by an acidic deprotection. The key bicyclic intermediate 21 was prepared from a diol 20 by an intramolecular cyclization using CHI3-Ph3P-imidazole and converted to the spiranic compound 5 and an olefinic nucleoside 6 by the construction of the heterocyclic moiety followed by deprotection.
Adaptive Message Routing with QoS Support in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2009)

As progress in VANETs research continues, there is a persuasive need to support Quality of Service (QoS) routing in such networks. While greedy forwarding is used in many MANETs applications, it is found that it is not convenient for VANETs applications. In this paper, we investigate the important and difficult challenge of QoS routing in VANETs. First, we present an adaptive message routing protocol that uses up to date information about the local topology in order to find the route with minimum end-to-end delay while maintaining a threshold for the connectivity probability and hop count. Then, we propose a genetic algorithm to solve this. To do so, we formulate the QoS routing as a constrained optimization problem. We also derive analytical expressions for the delay as well as the connectivity probability of a route in a two-way street scenario. Numerical and simulation results show that our algorithm gives an optimal or near optimal solutions, which provides an interactive and effective design environment and enriches our protocol performance compared to GPCR.
Acid Reflux Directly Causes Sleep Disturbances in Rat with Chronic Esophagitis (2014)

Acid reflux directly causes sleep disturbances in rats with chronic esophagitis.
Cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in lungs following a primary bovine herpes virus type 1 infection. (1992)

Non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted cytotoxicity is an important part of the immune reaction mounted in response to bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) infection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of BHV-1 infection on the ability of lung parenchyma leucocytes (LPL), cranial tracheobronchial lymph node cells (BLNC) and peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBML) to mediate this function. While LPL from non-infected calves mediated cytotoxicity against BHV-1-infected cells, a similar activity could not be detected in PBML or BLNC. In contrast, both LPL and PBML from naive calves could mediate cytotoxicity against K562 target cells but only after activation with interleukin-2 (IL-2). BLNC were unable to kill K562 cells. Infection of calves with BHV-1 enhanced the ability of LPL and PBML to kill BHV-1-infected cells. This enhancement was detected as early as Day 1 after infection in LPL whereas it could only be detected in PBML 8 days after infection. The results demonstrate that the leucocyte population present at the site of infection was able to mediate a potentially important antiviral function and that this function was enhanced rapidly in response to infection. Thus LPL-mediated cytotoxicity may be an important mechanism for the recovery from BHV-1 infection.
Optically monitored poling characteristics of 3 mm-thick MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal (2003)

Summary form only given. We realized field poling of 3 mm-thick LiNbO/sub 3/:MgO crystal by applying high voltage pulses of 15 kV and characterized the ferroelectric poling process by using in-situ monitoring method.
A Single-Chip 125-MHz to 32-GHz Signal Source in 0.18-$\mu$m SiGe BiCMOS (2011)

We present a 4.4-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> single-chip synthesized signal source with 125 MHz to 32 GHz continuous frequency coverage with a minimum frequency step smaller than 10 Hz. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS 1P6M technology. A core fractional-N synthesizer using a 20-MHz reference frequency has four LC-VCOs and a 4- to 8-GHz synthesizable range. Post-synthesis blocks extend the frequency coverage up to 32 GHz and down to 125 MHz through frequency multiplication and division. In different operation modes, the chip, including a balanced 50-ohm load driver, consumes from 284 to 498 mW. The phase noise performance achieves -117.6 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from a 6-GHz output frequency and -83 dBc/Hz in-band noise. The integrated phase noise is -28 dBc and the absolute jitter is 1.05 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> at 6-GHz output. The jitter is maintained nearly constant (between 0.9 and 1.2 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> ) across the whole output frequency range.
cycloSaligenyl‐mannose‐1‐monophosphates as a New Strategy in CDG‐Ia Therapy: Hydrolysis, Mechanistic Insights and Biological Activity (2004)

Abstract Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM‐2) deficiency leads to an inefficient intracellular formation of mannose‐1‐phosphate ( 1 ), which causes an inherited metabolic disease with multisystemic abnormalities ( C ongenital D isorder of G lycosylation type Ia , CDG‐ Ia ). In order to circumvent this metabolic deficiency, the cyclo Sal approach was applied for the intracellular delivery of mannose‐1‐monophosphate ( 1 ). cyclo Saligenyl‐pyranose‐1‐monophosphates 6 − 11 were obtained by a phosphitylation/oxidation procedure starting from appropriately protected D ‐pyranoses. The chemical hydrolysis data and the involved hydrolysis mechanisms of cyclo saligenyl‐mannose‐1‐monophosphates 6 − 9 and their epimeric glucose analogues 10 , 11 are reported. Furthermore, the biological activity of cyclo Sal‐mannose‐1‐phosphates 6 − 9 was tested in vitro in PMM‐2‐deficient fibroblasts. 3‐Methyl‐ cyclo Sal‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐α‐ D ‐mannopyranose‐1‐monophosphate ( 8 ) showed a total correction of the phenotype, thus proving the delivery of mannose‐1‐phosphate. This may offer a suitable possibility for a therapy of CDG‐ Ia . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Phytate Decreases Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in Patients with Type II Diabetes: Randomized Crossover Trial (2018)

Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate; IP6) is a natural compound that is abundant in cereals, legumes, and nuts and it has the ability to chelate metal cations. The binding of IP6 to transition metals suggests that it could be used for the treatment of metal-catalyzed protein glycation, which appears to trigger diabetes-related diseases. Our in vitro studies showed that IP6 reduced the formation of Fe<sup>3+</sup>-catalyzed advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This led us to perform a randomized cross-over trial to investigate the impact of the daily consumption IP6 on protein glycation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 33). Thus, we measured AGEs, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), several vascular risk factors, and urinary IP6 at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Patients who consumed IP6 supplements for 3 months had lower levels of circulating AGEs and HbA1c than those who did not consume IP6. This is the first report to show that consumption of IP6 inhibits protein glycation in patients with T2DM. Considering that AGEs contribute to microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2DM, our data indicates that dietary supplementation with IP6 should be considered as a therapy to prevent the formation of AGEs and therefore, the development of diabetes-related diseases in patients with T2DM.