gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlating dynamic microstructure to observed color in electrophoretic displays via in situ small-angle x-ray scattering (2020)

Electronic displays are nearly ubiquitous in modern society. With the drive to lower power consumption, reflective displays based on reversible electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles have emerged as a candidate next generation display technology. Understanding the origins of color in these displays is challenging because the color is determined by the transient arrangement of particles in the electric field. In this article, a new technique, based on small angle x-ray scattering, is developed to simultaneously interrogate nanoparticle arrangement and measure color while the display is in operation. Furthermore, a particle-based numerical model of electrophoretic deposition is demonstrated to quantitatively predict transient interparticle distances during operation.
Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer Cell—Mitochondria Key Player (2019)

Cancer metabolism is an essential aspect of tumorigenesis, as cancer cells have increased energy requirements in comparison to normal cells. Thus, an enhanced metabolism is needed in order to accommodate tumor cells' accelerated biological functions, including increased proliferation, vigorous migration during metastasis, and adaptation to different tissues from the primary invasion site. In this context, the assessment of tumor cell metabolic pathways generates crucial data pertaining to the mechanisms through which tumor cells survive and grow in a milieu of host defense mechanisms. Indeed, various studies have demonstrated that the metabolic signature of tumors is heterogeneous. Furthermore, these metabolic changes induce the exacerbated production of several molecules, which result in alterations that aid an inflammatory milieu. The therapeutic armentarium for oncology should thus include metabolic and inflammation regulators. Our expanding knowledge of the metabolic behavior of tumor cells, whether from solid tumors or hematologic malignancies, may provide the basis for the development of tailor-made cancer therapies.
Synthetic Approaches to a Molecular Borromean Link: Two‐Ring Threading with Polypyridine Templates (2003)

Ringelreigen: Borromäische Ringe halten zusammen, ohne dass sie paarweise verschlungen sind. Aus einem Polypyridin-Templat wurde ein System von zwei orthogonalen Ringen hergestellt, das als Vorstufe für die anspruchsvolle Synthese dieser molekularen Dreiringarchitektur dienen kann (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z52562_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Threading dislocation reduction mechanisms in low-temperature-grown GaAs (1999)

In these studies, we have investigated the role of low-temperature growth in the reduction of threading dislocation (TD) densities in large mismatch heteroepitaxy. Low- and high-temperature (LT) and (HT) GaAs growths on highly mismatched substrates were used to find the mechanism of enhanced TD reduction in LT grown (250 °C) GaAs. LT templates have symmetric (equal) TD subdensities on the {111}A and {111}B planes, whereas HT templates have asymmetric TD subdensities. A model based on TD reactions was applied to the experimental results and confirmed the beneficial role of symmetric TD subdensities in LT GaAs TD reduction. A ductile-to-brittle transition in dislocation behavior was observed at ∼400 °C.
Wearable Antennas on Flexible Substrate (2018)

Antenna is still one of the major devices in any wireless application. It has a direct impact on the size, shape and performance of the global wireless system. The physical integration of antennas to devices is a major issue for the designers as they must deal with additional features like safety and regulation constraints. Nowadays, the tendency is to integrate more and more wireless devices as near as possible to the human body which is however known to be very hostile to RF signal because of its absorbing properties [1].
A calculation of the pressure dependence of the low-temperature transport properties of dilute KRb alloys (1978)

The resistivity rho , thermopower S and Dingle temperature X of dilute KRb alloys have been calculated in the low-temperature limit where impurity scattering dominates. The calculation has been performed at nine pressures between one atmosphere and five kBar. At one atmosphere for a one atomic percent alloy, we obtain rho =1.1 n Omega m, S/T=0.005 mu VK-1 and X=0.76K. It is found that mass velocity and Darwin relativistic corrections to the potential seen by the electron are important.
In situ visualization of Li/Ag 2 VP 2 O 8 batteries revealing rate-dependent discharge mechanism (2015)

The functional capacity of a battery is observed to decrease, often quite dramatically, as discharge rate demands increase. These capacity losses have been attributed to limited ion access and low electrical conductivity, resulting in incomplete electrode use. A strategy to improve electronic conductivity is the design of bimetallic materials that generate a silver matrix in situ during cathode reduction. Ex situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with in situ energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements on intact lithium/silver vanadium diphosphate (Li/Ag2VP2O8) electrochemical cells demonstrate that the metal center preferentially reduced and its location in the bimetallic cathode are rate-dependent, affecting cell impedance. This work illustrates that spatial imaging as a function of discharge rate can provide needed insights toward improving realizable capacity of bimetallic cathode systems.
Glucocorticoid increases glucose cycling and inhibits insulin release in pancreatic islets of ob/ob mice (1992)

Normoglycemic ob/ob mice were treated for 24 or 48 h with either 25 micrograms/day of dexamethasone or saline. After an overnight fast, the animals were killed and pancreatic islets were incubated with 3H2O or [U-14C]glucose or [5-3H]glucose at 5.5 and 16.7 mM glucose. Incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into carbon 2 of medium glucose and the yield of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose and 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose were measured. Dexamethasone treatment for 48 h significantly increased the rate of dephosphorylation of glucose in islets both at 5.5 mM (24 vs. 16%) and 16.7 mM (56 vs. 36%) glucose, whereas glucose oxidation and utilization were unaffected. Dexamethasone treatment also inhibited insulin release by approximately 60% at 5.5 and 16.7 mM glucose, either in the presence or absence of 10 mM arginine, but had no effect when insulin release was stimulated by 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Moreover, 24-h treatment with dexamethasone significantly increased glucose cycling at low and high glucose concentrations in the medium and inhibited insulin responsiveness to glucose and arginine. In conclusion, short-term dexamethasone treatment increases glucose flux through glucose-6-phosphatase in islets from ob/ob mice. This effect may contribute to the decreased insulin response to glucose and arginine found in animals treated with dexamethasone.
Introduction (1990)

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.
A rapid and simple chemiluminescent assay for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. (1992)

We describe a chemiluminescent assay for E. coli beta-galactosidase using Lumi-Gal 530, a commercial formulation containing a stable phenylgalactose-substituted dioxetane as the substrate. Removal of the galactose moiety leads to the generation of an unstable dioxetane which decomposes to provide the observed chemiluminescence which is measured with a luminometer. Advantages of the assay are that it is simple, inexpensive and has 20-fold greater sensitivity than the standard spectrophotometric assay. Additional advantages are that the dioxetane is quite stable in the commercial formulation, and beta-galactosidase functions efficiently and is not degraded during the course of an assay. As luminometers are becoming commonplace in molecular biology laboratories, this assay provides a preferable alternative to the spectrophotometric assay.
Evaluation of Failed Sphincter Pharyngoplasties (1992)

A review of 30 failed sphincter pharyngoplasties is presented. Failure may be caused by inappropriate surgical planning, inadequate surgical technique, or inappropriate patient selection. Problems with surgical planning and technique that lead to failure were low flap placement, flap dehiscence, and flaps not approximated in midline. Problems with patient selection that lead to failure were large velopharyngeal gap on videofluoroscopy, and residual speech (articulation) deficits. Careful pre- and postoperative evaluation has led to refinement of the surgical procedure and improved outcome. Success rate improved from 67.65% in the first 5 years to 86% in the last 5 years of this 15-year series.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Distinct Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Defined by Molecular Characterization Include Novel Mutational Signatures with Prognostic Capability (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S3: Prognostic significance of CDH1 mutation.&lt;/p&gt;
Contribution à la modélisation et la simulation de composants et circuits optiques utilisant une approche CAO (2001)

Dans cette communication, nous présentons une approche de CAO pour la simulation des circuits et composants optiques. La modélisation est obtenue grâce aux concepts de matrice S et de Jones. Les modèles développés sont intégrés au sein de la suite Serenade en tant que "modèle-utilisateur", puis utilisés pour simuler quelques circuits optiques
Repletion of S-Nitrosohemoglobin Improves Organ Function and Physiological Status in Swine After Brain Death (2013)

In humans, the parameters monitored in this study are predictive of post-graft function. As such, maintenance of endocrine nitric oxide bioactivity after brain death may provide a novel means to improve the quality of organs available for donation.
Improvement of Electron Beam Lithography modeling for overdose exposures by using Dill transformation (2016)

In Electron Beam Lithography (EBL), the modeling of the Proximity Effects (PE) is the key to successfully print patterns of different size and density at the desired dimension. Although current PE models are increasingly efficient for nominal process conditions, they do not allow covering a broad exposure dose range, which would be interesting for extending the process window, for instance. This paper shows how to improve the accuracy of the dimension estimations of overexposed patterns by EBL by adding a new term to the existing compact model. This advanced compact model was inspired by the chemical mechanisms that activate the acid generator embedded in the resist during the EBL exposure. Most of the existing compact models use the electronic Aerial Image (E AEI) calculated by the convolution product of the patterns geometry with a Point Spread Function (PSF) and extract pattern contours using a threshold value to model the non-linear resist behavior [1]. Here the patterns contours are simulated using an Acid Aerial Image (A AEI) calculated from the initial E_AEI complemented by the Dill transformation [1]. A strong impact is expected at high exposure doses but no changes should occur on patterns exposed close to their nominal dose. The modeling and calibration capabilities of Inscale® software was used to validate the new model with experimental measurements. Calibration and simulations obtained with both standard model and advanced model were compared on a test design. First it shows that after calibration the PSF of the two models are similar, meaning that physics is consistent for both models. The new advanced model allows maintaining the accuracy at nominal dose but increases the overall accuracy by 62 % for a process window of dose with latitude extended up to 20%.
Preparation and Characterization of Coenzyme Q10–Eudragit® Solid Dispersion (2002)

A solid dispersion of Coenzyme Q10 and Eudragit L 100-55 was prepared using solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersion, physical mixture, and pure compound were then characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and powder x-ray diffraction. Solubility of CoQ10 in different surfactant media was measured, and a suitable dissolution medium was developed to compare the dissolution patterns of the solid dispersion, physical mixture, and the pure compound. Combining labrasol with different surfactants in dissolution media demonstrated an additive effect on CoQ10 solubility. The solubility of CoQ10 in a 4% Labrasol/2% Cremophor EL solution was 562 microg/ml, which was five times higher than the combined solubility in 5% Labrasol (91 microg/ml) and 5% Cremophor EL (7.8 microg/ml). Moderate change in the crystalline pattern of CoQ10 was observed, which was attributed to solvent displacement rather than the degree of crystallinity change. The dissolution test indicated that the in-vitro release of Coenzyme Q10 from its solid dispersion was much faster than its physical mixture, which in turn was faster than the pure drug. The amount of drug released in 12 hours from solid dispersion, physical mixture, and the pure drug was 100, 26.5 and 12.5% respectively. CoQ10 was photostable throughout the dissolution experiments.
The Ties That Bind: Emerging Concepts About the Structure and Function of Angiopoietins and Their Receptors in Angiogenesis (2002)

The Tie [tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains] receptors, Tie-1 and Tie-2, have been found to be localized primarily to the endothelial and hematopoietic cells in all organisms (human, mouse, rat, zebrafish) that have been examined (Wilks, 1989;Dumont et al., 1992;Iwama, et al., 1993;Maisonpierre et al., 1993;Sato et al., 1993;Lyons et al., 1998). The only other receptors that share this feature are those that bind and are activated by the (VEGF) family members (discussed in the previous chapter). Tie-1 and Tie-2 are large (-160 kDa) multidomain proteins that are highly homologous. The rat genes share 32% sequence identity in their extracellular regions and 79% sequence identity in their intracellular regions (Maisonpierre et al., 1997). The mouse genes are both on chromosome 4, separated by only 12.2 centimorgans (cM), while the human Tie-1 gene is on 1p33–34, which is a syntenic location (Korhonen et al., 1994). Human Tie-2 is on 9p21. The ligands for Tie-2, the angiopoietins, comprise a unique family of proteins, the first member of which was cloned only a few years ago (Davis et al., 1996;Maisonpierre et al., 1997;Valenzuela et al., 1999). All the angiopoietins are highly homologous to each other; angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) are —60% identical in their amino acid sequence; angiopoietin-3 and -4 (Ang3 and 4) show —54% identity to Ang1 (Maisonpierre et al., 1997;Valenzuela et al., 1999). They have diverged enough to serve different functions and to reside on different chromosomes.15 (syntenic); for Ang2, the human gene is on 8p21 and the mouse gene on chromosome 8 (syn-tenic), whereas human Ang4 is on 20p13 and mouse Ang3 is on chromosome 2 (which are also syntenic) (Valenzuela et aI., 1999). So far, there are no definitive ligands for Tie-I.
Transmission of 107-Gb/s DQPSK over verizon 504-km commercial lambdaxtreme® transport system (2008)

A 107-Gb/s field trial was conducted on a traffic carrying long-haul LambdaXtreme® transport platform over an active 504-km Verizon route in Florida thus proving upgradeability to 100 G of the Alcatel-Lucent 50-GHz spaced ULH DWDM system.
CHAPTER 14. Biologicals in Retinal Therapy (2018)

Biologics have revolutionised the treatment of many serious and chronic illnesses and have pushed traditional small-molecule drugs out of favour. The revolution began for retinal disease in 2006 when the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Lucentis (ranibizumab) for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. The retinal biologics market is now the biggest market segment in ophthalmology and it keeps growing as newer biological agents come on line and acquire regulatory approvals for treating new disease indications. This chapter covers the current biologics in use for the treatment of retinal disease and the new biologics currently being trialed. There are many classes of biological agent; however, this chapter focuses on monoclonal antibodies and recombinant peptides in the treatment of retinal diseases that have either a common neovascular component or those that have a common inflammatory pathology.
Does lumbar fusion increase the risk of disc degeneration of the adjacent segment? (2008)

Abstract Several reviews have attempted to establish whether there is an association between adjacent segment disorder and spinal fusion. None of these studies used an evidence‐based approach or solely focused on studies utilizing controls. The goal of this article is to identify any significant link between lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion and development of adjacent segment disease using literature with more than a 10‐year follow‐up, at least 15 subjects, and a control with no exposure to fusion. The published articles were obtained from a search of electronic databases and bibliographies of identified articles. The critical appraisal was performed using an epidemiological appraisal instrument. Five articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. From the literature, no definitive conclusion could be drawn regarding adjacent segment disorder as an outcome of spinal fusion. The failure of the literature to link adjacent segment disease to spinal fusion at least suggests the problem may not be widespread, but also fails to disprove the myriad of biomechanical concerns. Device manufacturers should address these concerns by furthering the development of motion preservation instrumentation and other innovations. Helping to drive this technology will be a larger data set of research with sound methodological quality and inclusion of accepted radiographic and functional outcomes. The reported findings underscore a need for information on spinal fusion and require a strategy for moving forward. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A disposable planar peristaltic pump for lab-on-a-chip (2008)

We demonstrate a simple planar peristaltic pump fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) via soft lithography and suitable for microfluidic integration.
phiC31 Integrase-Mediated Site-Specific Recombination in Barley (2012)

The Streptomyces phage phiC31 integrase was tested for its feasibility in excising transgenes from the barley genome through site-specific recombination. We produced transgenic barley plants expressing an active phiC31 integrase and crossed them with transgenic barley plants carrying a target locus for recombination. The target sequence involves a reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is flanked by the attB and attP recognition sites for the phiC31 integrase. This sequence disruptively separates a gusA coding sequence from an upstream rice actin promoter. We succeeded in producing site-specific recombination events in the hybrid progeny of 11 independent barley plants carrying the above target sequence after crossing with plants carrying a phiC31 expression cassette. Some of the hybrids displayed fully executed recombination. Excision of the GFP gene fostered activation of the gusA gene, as visualized in tissue of hybrid plants by histochemical staining. The recombinant loci were detected in progeny of selfed F(1), even in individuals lacking the phiC31 transgene, which provides evidence of stability and generative transmission of the recombination events. In several plants that displayed incomplete recombination, extrachromosomal excision circles were identified. Besides the technical advance achieved in this study, the generated phiC31 integrase-expressing barley plants provide foundational stock material for use in future approaches to barley genetic improvement, such as the production of marker-free transgenic plants or switching transgene activity.
Impact of electro-acupuncture and physical exercise on hyperandrogenism and oligo/amenorrhea in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (2010)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/amenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries. We aimed to determine whether low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) would decrease hyperandrogenism and improve oligo/amenorrhea more effectively than physical exercise or no intervention. We randomized 84 women with PCOS, aged 18-37 yr, to 16 wk of low-frequency EA, physical exercise, or no intervention. The primary outcome measure changes in the concentration of total testosterone (T) at week 16 determined by gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was analyzed by intention to treat. Secondary outcome measures were changes in menstrual frequency; concentrations of androgens, estrogens, androgen precursors, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites; and acne and hirsutism. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 16 wk of intervention, and after a 16-wk follow-up. After 16 wk of intervention, circulating T decreased by -25%, androsterone glucuronide by -30%, and androstane-3α,17β-diol-3-glucuronide by -28% in the EA group (P = 0.038, 0.030, and 0.047, respectively vs. exercise); menstrual frequency increased to 0.69/month from 0.28 at baseline in the EA group (P = 0.018 vs. exercise). After the 16-wk follow-up, the acne score decreased by -32% in the EA group (P = 0.006 vs. exercise). Both EA and exercise improved menstrual frequency and decreased the levels of several sex steroids at week 16 and at the 16-wk follow-up compared with no intervention. Low-frequency EA and physical exercise improved hyperandrogenism and menstrual frequency more effectively than no intervention in women with PCOS. Low-frequency EA was superior to physical exercise and may be useful for treating hyperandrogenism and oligo/amenorrhea.
A 0.12mm<sup>2</sup> 7.4&#x03BC;W micropower temperature sensor with an inaccuracy of &#x00B1;0.2&#x00B0;C (3&#x03C3;) from &#x2212;30&#x00B0;C to 125&#x00B0;C (2010)

A temperature sensor intended for RFID applications has been realized in a 0.16μm standard CMOS process. After a single digital trim at 30°C, it achieves an inaccuracy of ±0.2°C (3σ) over the temperature range: -30°C to 125°C. At a conversion rate of 10Hz, it achieves a resolution of 15mK. The sensor is compact, occupying only 0.12mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and power efficient, drawing 4.6μA from a 1.6V to 2V supply, which corresponds to a minimum power dissipation of 7.4μW, the lowest ever reported for a precision temperature sensor.