gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Architecture (2009)

This chapter sets LTE in the context of the whole Evolved Packet System (EPS) – the term covering the evolution of the radio access through the Evolved-UTRAN (E-UTRAN) in LTE and its accompanying evolution of the non-radio aspects through the ‘System Architecture Evolution’ (SAE). The EPS provides UEs with IP connectivity to the packet data network. The overall EPS network architecture is presented, giving an overview of the functions provided by the Core Network (CN) and the E-UTRAN access network. It is shown how the LTE system breaks new ground in terms of its degree of support for self-optimization and self-configuration of the network, to facilitate deployment. This chapter firstly explains the protocol stack across the main network interfaces of relevance to the access network, along with an overview of the functions provided by each protocol layer. It explains the concept of EPS bearers and outlines the end-to-end bearer path, including QoS aspects and details of the procedures for establishing a bearer. Finally, the chapter presents the functionality of the S1 and X2 interfaces in detail (connecting the eNodeBs to the CN and to each other respectively), including procedures for the support of user mobility and load management.
Comparison of the Central and Renal Dopamine-1 Receptor (1990)

The dopamine D-1 receptor from striatal membranes was compared with the dopamine DA-1 receptor from renal proximal tubules. The dopamine-1 receptors were solubilized with 1% sodium cholate and phospholipids after pretreatment with the dopamine-1 agonist, SKF R-38393. The soluble receptors were reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles after removal of sodium cholate. The receptors were studied by radioligand binding using the dopamine-1 antagonist [125I]-SCH 23982. The reconstituted dopamine D-1 and DA-1 receptor densities were similar. However, the affinity of the solubilized D-1 receptor was 17-fold greater than the solubilized DA-1 receptor. The affinity of membrane bound D-1 receptor to the radioligand was also greater than that noted for membrane bound DA-1 receptor. The mechanism for this difference remains to be determined.
On the Impact of Piston Motion and In-Cylinder Charge Composition on Energy Release, Auto Ignition and Emission Formation in Premixed Charge Internal Combustion Engines (2004)

The results presented in this thesis can be divided into four areas of investigation: Investigation of the effect of new volume-crank angle relations on engine emissions, power and efficiency; investigation of nitrogen oxides effect on auto ignition and knock in SI engines; investigation of premixed SI and HCCI engine operation with the alternative fuels hydrogen and reformed methanol gas (RMG); software development of a detailed chemical kinetics zonal engine model. Model development of the in-house two-zone chemical kinetic code focused on expansion of the Jacobian matrix to allow simulations of variable in-cylinder charge. Addition of engine simulation sub-routines to achieve full cycle simulation capacity were made. The routines added handle flow through valves and both internal and external residual gas mixing. Also expansion of the solver and development of the code to achieve multi-zone capacity was made. Nitric oxide was, both in a modeling study and in an experimental study, found to have an impact on auto ignition. The modeling study showed a maximum auto ignition promoting effect at 500 ppm. The experimental study showed increased knock intensity when NO was added but no maximum promoting effect was noted. Premixed engine HCCI and SI operation fuelled with hydrogen and RMG was analyzed from operating range, power, efficiency and emission perspectives. For the SI cases empirical flame speed expressions based on the engine related parameters lambda, engine speed, minimum cylinder height and ignition angle were developed. In the efficiency discussions the reformation of methanol to hydrogen or RMG is taken into account. The range of operation was limited to lean combustion. Engine power when using the investigated fuels was found to be limited to about half of what is achievable in premixed operation on other fuels. Indicated efficiencies were found to be high and the emissions of NO from the HCCI operated engine were low but the low combustion efficiency at high lambdas resulted in high amounts of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas. Modeling of new relations of volume-crank angle dependence was made. The efficiency and the power of the engine modeled were not altered in any major way by changes in the volume-crank angle dependence as long as the expansion ratio was held constant. Engine emission of NO and CO could be altered by changes in the volume-crank angle dependence but the changes were not of the magnitude that the concept can replace the catalyst used to lower emissions from engines today.
On data gathering and security in wireless sensor networks (2007)

Expected growth in use and implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in different environments and for different applications creates new security challenges. In WSNs, a malicious node may initiate incorrect path information, change the contents of data packets, and even hijack one or more genuine network nodes. As the network reliability completely depends on individual nodespsila presence and collaborations with others, those malicious behaviors could halt WSNs. In this paper, the WSNs will be first categorized into three types in accordance to the way that data are collected. After a succinct summarization of each data gathering scheme, a comprehensive survey on security problems will be presented. Finally, some general design guidelines against typical attacks along with our proposals in WSNs will be provided. Unsolved problems and further studies will also be discussed.
Materials and Manufacturing Processing; Special Issue on Hard Carbon Films (1993)

Laser processing of polycrystalline diamond and amorphous carbon films is shown to be a promising technology for micropatterning of these materials in electronics and other applications. By using excimer lasers, holes and pits have been formed in 10-60 micrometers thick diamond films by physical etching with ablation rates of up to 300 nm/pulse. The channels of micrometer scale width were created in diamond-like carbon films on silicon by chemical etching in oxygen by the scanning with a cw Ar+ laser beam. At laser powers below the etching threshold, a transformation of amorphous carbon to graphitic carbon allows the formation of conductive lines of different geometry in dielectric carbon layers.
Turning On Cell Migration with Electroactive Substrates (2001)

Eine dynamische Oberfläche kann die Migration anhaftender Zellen auslösen: Bei einer selbstorganisierten Monoschicht mit exponierten Hydrochinon-Einheiten wurden diese durch elektrochemische Oxidation in Benzochinon-Einheiten überführt, woran sich eine Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit einem Cyclopentadien-modifizierten Peptidliganden anschloss. Diese In-situ-Modifizierung des Substrats liefert eine Oberfläche, die die Zellmigration fördert (siehe Bilder).
Effects of Long-Term Intravenous Ibandronate Therapy on Skeletal-Related Events, Survival, and Bone Resorption Markers in Patients With Advanced Multiple Myeloma (2002)

Monthly injections of ibandronate 2 mg IV neither reduced bone morbidity nor prolonged survival in the overall population of stage II/III multiple myeloma patients.
Transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus activated by pardaxin, a fish toxin that permeabilizes the virion membrane (1981)

The toxic protein, Pardaxin, of the Red Sea flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus readily induced transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus by making the virion membrane permeable to nucleoside triphosphates in the absence of nonionic detergents. Virion transcription was activated over a wide range of Pardaxin concentrations, but at optimal concentrations, the rate of transcription exceeded that induced by Triton X-100. The inhibitory effect of M protein was manifested for both Pardaxin-induced and Triton-induced transcription at high concentrations of vesicular stomatitis virions; however, unlike the Triton-induced reaction, the inhibitory effect of M protein was not reversed by polyglutamic acid added to the Pardaxin-induced transcription reaction. We propose that activation of virion transcription by Pardaxin resembles more closely intracellular transcription initiated by virion penetration than does detergent-activated transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus.
Purification and characterization of two collagenase inhibitors from mouse sarcoma 180 conditioned medium (1994)

We have previously shown that mouse sarcoma 180 cells produce vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF; Rosenthal et al., 1990, Growth Factors, 4: 53-59], an endothelial mitogen that stimulates angiogenesis. Recent reports have implicated metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the regulation of vascular morphogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. We report here that mouse sarcoma 180 cells produce two collagenase inhibitors. These inhibitors were purified by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and C4 reverse phase h.p.l.c. Analytical gel electrophoresis of the purified inhibitors (MS-22 and MS-31) revealed molecular masses of 22,000 and 31,000 Da under reducing conditions, and 20,000 and 30,000 Da under nonreducing conditions, respectively. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of MS-22 was identical to that of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type 2 (TIMP-2) produced by human melanoma cells [Stetler-Stevenson et al., 1989, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17374-17378) over the first 30 amino acids. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of MS-31 was identical to that of murine TIMP-1 [Gewert et al., 1989, EMBO J 6:651-657]. Statistical analysis of the amino acid composition data of these two mouse sarcoma 180-derived collagenase inhibitors confirms the identification of MS-22 as TIMP-2 and MS-31 as TIMP-1.
Low power integrated pumping and valving arrays for microfluidic systems (2023)

Low power integrated pumping and valving arrays which provide a revolutionary approach for performing pumping and valving approach for performing pumping and valving operations in microfabricated fluidic systems for applications such as medical diagnostic microchips. Traditional methods rely on external, large pressure sources that defeat the advantages of miniaturization. Previously demonstrated microfabrication devices are power and voltage intensive, only function at sufficient pressure to be broadly applicable. This approach integrates a lower power, high-pressure source with a polymer, ceramic, or metal plug enclosed within a microchannel, analogous to a microsyringe. When the pressure source is activated, the polymer plug slides within the microchannel, pumping the fluid on the opposite side of the plug without allowing fluid to leak around the plug. The plugs also can serve as microvalves.
Tracer arrival timing‐insensitive technique for estimating flow in MR perfusion‐weighted imaging using singular value decomposition with a block‐circulant deconvolution matrix (2003)

Relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tissue mean transit time (MTT) estimates from bolus-tracking MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) have been shown to be sensitive to delay and dispersion when using singular value decomposition (SVD) with a single measured arterial input function. This study proposes a technique that is made time-shift insensitive by the use of a block-circulant matrix for deconvolution with (oSVD) and without (cSVD) minimization of oscillation of the derived residue function. The performances of these methods are compared with standard SVD (sSVD) in both numerical simulations and in clinically acquired data. An additional index of disturbed hemodynamics (oDelay) is proposed that represents the tracer arrival time difference between the AIF and tissue signal. Results show that PWI estimates from sSVD are weighted by tracer arrival time differences, while those from oSVD and cSVD are not. oSVD also provides estimates that are less sensitive to blood volume compared to cSVD. Using PWI data that can be routinely collected clinically, oSVD shows promise in providing tracer arrival timing-insensitive flow estimates and hence a more specific indicator of ischemic injury. Shift maps can continue to provide a sensitive reflection of disturbed hemodynamics.
Searching Conformational Space in Flexible Molecules Using NOEs and Molecular Modeling (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSearching Conformational Space in Flexible Molecules Using NOEs and Molecular ModelingL. Kozerski, R. Kawecki, P. Krajewski, P. Gluzinski, K. Pupek, P. E. Hansen, and M. P. WilliamsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3533–3538Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Transmission spectra of crystals at elevated temperatures for the calculation of internal radiant heat transport during crystal growth – Part 2: Spectra of YAG:Cr, YVO4:Nd and the bandgap variation of various materials (2003)

Abstract The transmission spectra in the range from 350 to 3500 nm of the two most complex materials with regard to radiant heat transport – YAG:Cr +4 and YVO 4 :Nd – are reported for temperatures between 25 and 1310 °C. The extreme shift of the short wavelength cut‐off (band gap) of YVO4:Nd with temperature is shown in comparison to that of some other materials. In YAG:Cr 4+ we found a light‐induced absorption band near 2000 nm besides a strong reduction of the transmission in the visible and the near IR with increasing temperature. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mapping the Future of Particle Radiobiology in Europe: The INSPIRE Project (2020)

Particle therapy is a growing cancer treatment modality worldwide. However, there still remains a number of unanswered questions considering differences in the biological response between particles and photons. These questions, and probing of biological mechanisms in general, necessitate experimental investigation. The Infrastructure in Proton International Research (INSPIRE) project was created to provide an infrastructure for European research, unify research efforts on the topic of proton and ion therapy across Europe, and to facilitate the sharing of information and resources. This work highlights the radiobiological capabilities of the INSPIRE partners, providing details of physics (available particle types and energies), biology (sample preparation and post-irradiation analysis), and researcher access (the process of applying for beam time). The collection of information reported here is designed to provide researchers both in Europe and worldwide with the tools required to select the optimal center for their research needs. We also highlight areas of redundancy in capabilities and suggest areas for future investment.
Phosphorus starvation induces membrane remodeling and recycling in Emiliania huxleyi (2016)

Nutrient availability is an important factor controlling phytoplankton productivity. Phytoplankton contribute c. 50% of the global photosynthesis and possess efficient acclimation mechanisms to cope with nutrient stress. We investigate the cellular response of the bloom-forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to phosphorus (P) scarcity, which is often a limiting factor in marine ecosystems. We combined mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and gene expression analyses in order to assess diverse cellular features in cells exposed to P limitation and recovery. Early starvation-induced substitution of phospholipids in the cells' membranes with galacto- and betaine lipids. Lipid remodeling was rapid and reversible upon P resupply. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin reduced phospholipid substitution, suggesting a possible involvement of PI3K- signaling in this process. In addition, P limitation enhanced the formation and acidification of membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm. Intracellular vesicles may facilitate the recycling of cytoplasmic content, which is engulfed in the vesicles and delivered to the main vacuole. Long-term starvation was characterized by a profound increase in cell size and morphological alterations in cellular ultrastructure. This study provides cellular and molecular basis for future ecophysiological assessment of natural E. huxleyi populations in oligotrophic regions.
Changes in calcitonin gene RNA processing during growth of a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line. (1989)

The ratios of calcitonin (CT) to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA, both generated by alternative RNA processing from the same primary RNA transcript, are shown by Northern blotting of cytoplasmic RNA to vary as a function of growth in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TT). Upon initial seeding, CT mRNA levels are relatively high, and CGRP mRNA levels are relatively low. During the early logarithmic growth phase, CGRP mRNA levels rise severalfold, while CT mRNA levels change only slightly. As the cells approach confluence, both CT and CGRP mRNA levels rise. Subsequently, CGRP mRNA levels fall substantially in postconfluent cells, while CT mRNA levels remain high. By actinomycin D blocking of nascent transcription, we have shown that these growth-related, reversible changes in the ratio of CT to CGRP mRNA are not due to changes in mRNA stability. Our data rather suggest that TT cells reversibly alter alternative RNA-processing patterns dependent upon growth conditions in vitro, such that CT mRNA is lowest and CGRP mRNA is highest during rapid growth. The mechanisms underlying this RNA-processing alteration may play a role in certain patients with aggressive forms of medullary thyroid carcinoma, in whom a decrease or loss of CT levels heralds a poor prognosis.
Inhibition of Mas G-protein signaling improves coronary blood flow, reduces myocardial infarct size, and provides long-term cardioprotection (2011)

The Mas receptor is a class I G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in brain, testis, heart, and kidney. The intracellular signaling pathways activated downstream of Mas are still largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the expression pattern and signaling of Mas in the heart and assessed the participation of Mas in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mas mRNA and protein were present in all chambers of human hearts, with cardiomyocytes and coronary arteries being sites of enriched expression. Expression of Mas in either HEK293 cells or cardiac myocytes resulted in constitutive coupling to the G(q) protein, which in turn activated phospholipase C and caused inositol phosphate accumulation. To generate chemical tools for use in probing the function of Mas, we performed a library screen and chemistry optimization program to identify potent and selective nonpeptide agonists and inverse agonists. Mas agonists activated G(q) signaling in a dose-dependent manner and reduced coronary blood flow in isolated mouse and rat hearts. Conversely, treatment of isolated rat hearts with Mas inverse agonists improved coronary flow, reduced arrhythmias, and provided cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury, an effect that was due, at least in part, to decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Participation of Mas in ischemia-reperfusion injury was confirmed in Mas knockout mice, which had reduced infarct size relative to mice with normal Mas expression. These results suggest that activation of Mas during myocardial infarction contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury and further suggest that inhibition of Mas-G(q) signaling may provide a new therapeutic strategy directed at cardioprotection.
Specificity of the array-CGH mapping method for mapping a complementing gene (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Physical mapping of genes in somatic cell radiation hybrids by comparative genomic hybridization to cDNA microarrays"Genome Biology 2002;3(6):research0026.1-research0026.7.Published online 14 May 2002PMCID:PMC116723.Copyright © 2002 Lin et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd Total genomic DNA of the complemented HPRT-deficient CHO-human radiation hybrid cells was co-hybridized with total genomic DNA from wild-type CHO cells on the microarray. The complemented hybrid cells contain the complete CHO genome and human chromosomal fragments. The human sequences are enriched in fragments bearing the complementing human gene. The magnitude of the increase in fluorescence ratio between the test and reference samples is indicated by the height of the red line (log scale) compared with the baseline, which has a fluorescence ratio of 1. Fluorescence ratios are drawn as a moving average of five adjacent genes/ESTs along the chromosome. Note that the region around the locus at Xq26 (inset) corresponds to a sharp maximum in the fluorescence ratio increase, indicating a corresponding gain in DNA copy number for genomic elements in that region. No such consistent copy-number gains were observed in other parts of the genome.
Nonspecific white matter degeneration following traumatic brain injury (1995)

Morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) scans in 88 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients demonstrated significantly larger ventricle-to-brain ratios (VBR) and temporal horn volumes, and significantly smaller fornix-to-brain ratios (FBR) and corpus callosum (CC) area measurements, compared to 73 controls. Additionally, TBI patients were grouped according to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for a within-TBI sample comparison so that severity of injury on brain morphology could be examined. The severe TBI group (GCS = 3-6) differed from the mild and moderate injury groups on measures of the internal capsule, VBR, temporal horn volume, and CC. In a separate analysis wherein the TBI subjects were grouped by degree of fornix atrophy, the group with the smallest fornix size demonstrated the lowest memory performance. Furthermore, anatomic measures correlated with severity of injury, and tests of memory and motor function. Results demonstrate the diffuse nature of degeneration in TBI with more severe injury, and that quantified MR identified morphologic changes relate to neuropsychological outcome.
A Mobile Manipulator Proceedings, 1999 IEEE Int Conf Robotics and Automation (1999)

This paper describes a mobile manipulator that uses its wheels for manipulation as well as locomotion. This robot, named the mobipulator, looks like a small car with four independently powered wheels, none of them steered. It is designed to manipulate paper and other objects on the surface of a desk. The wheels are used for locomotion or for manipulation, switching functions dynamically as the task demands. So far we have preliminary demonstrations of a variety of motions, and performance data for the task of moving a sheet of paper in a square while maintaining constant orientation.