gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research and development of a helium-4 based solar neutrino detector (1990)

We report on work accomplished in the first 30 months of a research and development program to investigate the feasibility of a new technique to detect solar neutrinos in superfluid helium. Accomplishments include the successful completion of design, construction and operation of the entire cryogenic, mechanical and electronic apparatus. During the last several months we have begun a series of experiments in superfluid helium to test the method. Experimental results include the first observation of the combined physical processes essential to the detection technique: ballistic roton generation by energetic charged particles, quantum evaporation of helium at a free surface and bolometric detection of the evaporated helium by physisorption on a cold silicon wafer. Additional results are also presented.
High Levels of sTNFR p75 and TNFα in Dengue‐Infected Patients (1996)

Soluble forms of the two molecular species of the cell surface TNF receptors (sTNFR p55 and sTNFR p75) can reduce the activity of TNF alpha but they may also enhance its function by stabilizing the active TNF alpha oligomer. Considering the pathophysiological importance of sTNFR p75 for the regulation of the bioavailability of TNF alpha in the body, we determined the serum levels of sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha in 45 children and 28 adults with laboratory-confirmed dengue infection by using immunoassays. The serum samples were obtained from day 1 to day 15 after the onset of the disease during the 1989-1990 outbreak of dengue-3 in Tahiti, French Polynesia. The patients were clinically classified as having dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and graded according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) into four grades from less severe (grade I) to severe (grade IV). The sera of both children and adult patients of all severity grades contained higher levels of sTNFR p75 than the sera of control subjects. Although high levels of TNF alpha were also detected in children and adults among grade I, II, III and IV patients, we found no correlation between sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha. We observed in adults a moderate elevation of sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha in sera compared with that observed in children. The raised levels of immunoreactive sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha in all clinical groups of dengue-infected patients strongly indicate activation of the TNF alpha system during dengue infection. The balance between sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha may be altered in dengue infection. Further investigations are needed to understand the role of sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha in the pathogenesis of DHF and to improve the management of dengue infection.
Time/frequency-domain characterization of a mid-IR DFG frequency comb via two-photon and heterodyne detection (2023)

Mid-infrared frequency combs are nowadays well-appreciated sources for spectroscopy and frequency metrology. Here, a comprehensive approach for characterizing a difference-frequency-generated mid-infrared frequency comb (DFG-comb) both in the time and in the frequency domain is presented. An autocorrelation scheme exploiting mid-infrared two-photon detection is used for characterizing the pulse width and to verify the optimal compression of the generated pulses reaching a pulse duration (FWHM) as low as 196 fs. A second scheme based on mid-infrared heterodyne detection employing two independent narrow-linewidth quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is used for frequency-narrowing the modes of the DFG-comb down to 9.4 kHz on a 5-ms timescale.
Fracton Topological Order, Generalized Lattice Gauge Theory and Duality (2016)

We introduce a generalization of conventional lattice gauge theory to describe fracton topological phases, which are characterized by immobile, point-like topological excitations, and sub-extensive topological degeneracy. We demonstrate a duality between fracton topological order and interacting spin systems with symmetries along extensive, lower-dimensional subsystems, which may be used to systematically search for and characterize fracton topological phases. Commutative algebra and elementary algebraic geometry provide an effective mathematical toolset for our results. Our work paves the way for identifying possible material realizations of fracton topological phases.
<title>An Automatic Interference Pattern Processor With Interactive Capability</title> (1978)

An automatic interference pattern processor has been developed for the purpose of rapidly and accurately evaluating either real time interference patterns or interferograms. The system has been designed to provide quick and easily interpretable feedback so that the operator can monitor the system&apos;s measurements. The system includes: (1) a semiautomatic mode to facilitate the measurement of difficult interference patterns and (2) an integral, easily used calibration mode. The results of the least squares evaluation are available in a variety of formats.
Interleukin‐1a (1988)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a polypeptide that is produced following infection, injury, or antigenic challenge. Although the macrophage is a primary source of IL-1, epidermal, epithelial, lymphoid, and vascular tissues synthesize IL-1. When IL-1 gains access to the circulation, it induces a broad spectrum of systemic changes in neurologic, metabolic, hematologic, and endocrinologic systems. However, because IL-1 lacks a signal peptide, a considerable amount of the IL-1 that is synthesized may remain associated with the cell, particularly as part of the plasma membrane; moreover, membrane-associated IL-1 is biologically active, especially in its ability to participate in lymphocyte activation and mesenchymal tissue remodeling. There are two gene products coding for IL-1:IL-1-beta and IL-1-alpha. The spectrum of biologic activities of IL-1 are induced by both forms. IL-1 activates lymphocytes and plays an important role in the initiation of the immune response. Receptors for IL-1 recognize both forms, but receptors are scare and their affinities often do not match the potency of the biologic response. The most consistent property of IL-1 is up-regulation of cellular metabolism and increased expression of several genes coding for biologically active molecules. IL-1 is a highly inflammatory molecule and stimulates the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. IL-1 also acts synergistically with other cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor. The multitude of biologic responses to IL-1 is an example of the rapid adaptive changes that take place to increase the host's defensive mechanisms.
Silicon Photonic Microring-Based 4 × 112 Gb/s WDM Transmitter With Photocurrent-Based Thermal Control in 28-nm CMOS (2021)

This work presents a hybrid-integrated 4- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> micro-ring modulator-based wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical transmitter (OTX) in the O-band, suitable for co-packaged optics. It supports up to 112 Gb/s per wavelength using high-bandwidth micro-ring modulators (MRMs) together with nonlinear equalization in the driver electronics. A thermal control scheme using MRM photocurrent to sense process and temperature variations is implemented, enabling <0.05 dB TDECQ penalty over 10 °C. This compact photocurrent-based control method significantly reduces the hardware and packaging overhead required for ring-based WDM transceivers. Measurements from a 4- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> OTX with 28-nm CMOS electronic IC (EIC) and custom silicon photonic IC (PIC) show the OTX supports 112 Gb/s with <0.7 dB TDECQ across all four channels while dissipating 5.8 pJ/bit in the electronics.
Cumulative Effect of Multiple Loci on Genetic Susceptibility to Familial Lung Cancer (2010)

The SNPs in four chromosomal regions have a cumulative and significant association with familial lung cancer and account for about one-third of the population attributable risk for familial lung cancer.
The Crossfire Attack (2013)

We present the Crossfire attack -- a powerful attack that degrades and often cuts off network connections to a variety of selected server targets (e.g., servers of an enterprise, a city, a state, or a small country) by flooding only a few network links. In Crossfire, a small set of bots directs low intensity flows to a large number of publicly accessible servers. The concentration of these flows on the small set of carefully chosen links floods these links and effectively disconnects selected target servers from the Internet. The sources of the Crossfire attack are undetectable by any targeted servers, since they no longer receive any messages, and by network routers, since they receive only low-intensity, individual flows that are indistinguishable from legitimate flows. The attack persistence can be extended virtually indefinitely by changing the set of bots, publicly accessible servers, and target links while maintaining the same disconnection targets. We demonstrate the attack feasibility using Internet experiments, show its effects on a variety of chosen targets (e.g., servers of universities, US states, East and West Coasts of the US), and explore several countermeasures.
Embedded real-time multi-baseline stereo (2017)

Dense depth map estimation from stereo cameras has many applications in robotic vision, e.g., obstacle detection, especially when performed in real-time. The range in which depth values can be accurately estimated is usually limited for two-camera stereo setups due to the fixed baseline between the cameras. In addition, two-camera setups suffer from wrong depth estimates caused by local minima in the matching cost functions. Both problems can be alleviated by adding more cameras as this creates multiple baselines of different lengths and since multi-image matching leads to unique minima. However, using more cameras usually comes at an increase in run-time. In this paper, we present a novel embedded system for multi-baseline stereo. By exploiting the parallelization capabilities within FPGAs, we are able to estimate a depth map from multiple cameras in real-time. We show that our approach requires only little more power and weight compared to a two-camera stereo system. At the same time, we show that our system produces significantly better depth maps and is able to handle occlusion of some cameras, resulting in the redundancy typically desired for autonomous vehicles. Our system is small in size and leight-weight and can be employed even on a MAV platform with very strict power, weight, and size requirements.
Sexual differentiation of estrogen receptor concentrations in the rat brain: effects of neonatal testosterone exposure (1995)

This study tests the hypothesis that sex differences in estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the rat hypothalamus and preoptic area may at least partly result from androgen exposure during the immediate postnatal period. Male rats were castrated and female rats were injected with androgen, at either 15-30 min, 24 h or 10 days after birth. ER distribution in the brain was evaluated by in vitro autoradiography at 28 days of age. Males castrated immediately after birth exhibited higher ER levels in the preoptic area and the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus than either control males or males castrated on day 10. Females injected at birth with testosterone propionate exhibited reduced ER binding in the same brain regions. These data suggest that postnatal androgen secretion prior to postnatal day 10 permanently alters patterns of ER expression in the brain.
Hybrid nanostructures of well-organized arrays of colloidal quantum dots and a self-assembled monolayer of gold nanoparticles for enhanced fluorescence (2016)

Hybrid nanomaterials comprised of well-organized arrays of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in close proximity to metal nanoparticles (NPs) represent an appealing system for high-performance, spectrum-tunable photon sources with controlled photoluminescence. Experimental realization of such materials requires well-defined QD arrays and precisely controlled QD-metal interspacing. This long-standing challenge is tackled through a strategy that synergistically combines lateral confinement and vertical stacking. Lithographically generated nanoscale patterns with tailored surface chemistry confine the QDs into well-organized arrays with high selectivity through chemical pattern directed assembly, while subsequent coating with a monolayer of close-packed Au NPs introduces the plasmonic component for fluorescence enhancement. The results show uniform fluorescence emission in large-area ordered arrays for the fabricated QD structures and demonstrate five-fold fluorescence amplification for red, yellow, and green QDs in the presence of the Au NP monolayer. Encapsulation of QDs with a silica shell is shown to extend the design space for reliable QD/metal coupling with stronger enhancement of 11 times through the tuning of QD-metal spatial separation. This approach provides new opportunities for designing hybrid nanomaterials with tailored array structures and multiple functionalities for applications such as multiplexed optical coding, color display, and quantum transduction.
A receptor binding domain of mouse interleukin-4 defined by a solid-phase binding assay and in vitro mutagenesis. (1992)

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a potent, pleiotropic lymphokine that affects a variety of cells, especially those of hematopoietic origin. Although murine and human IL-4 are homologous proteins, they display a species specificity in which murine IL-4 acts only upon mouse cells, and human IL-4 only upon human cells. We have used a mutagenesis strategy to define both the structural determinants of this specificity and a receptor binding domain of murine IL-4. To do this, we developed convenient solid-phase binding assays for mouse and for human IL-4, each utilizing receptor-immunoglobulin fusion proteins and alkaline phosphatase-tagged ligands. These were employed to assess the receptor binding activities of wild type and mutant forms of IL-4. In a separate biological assay, we measured the ability of each version of IL-4 to induce proliferation of a cultured mouse T-cell line. By replacing regions of mouse IL-4 with homologous segments of human IL-4, we found that the amino-terminal 16 residues and the carboxyl-terminal 20 residues of murine IL-4 are required for species-specific receptor binding as well as for T-cell proliferation. A major portion of the amino acid sequence between these regions can be substituted between mouse and human without loss of receptor binding or biological activity. Further, alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed specific residues in the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions (Glu-12, Ile-14, Leu-104, Asp-106, Phe-107, and Leu-111) that bear side chains critical for function. An analysis of the carboxyl-terminal region of murine IL-4 and its comparison with carboxyl-terminal regions of other related cytokines suggest an evolutionary conservation of structural and functional features.
Propeller-Shaped Octupolar Molecules Derived from Triphenylbenzene for Nonlinear Optics:  Synthesis and Optical Studies (2003)

Nanoscale propeller-shaped conjugated molecules based on a central triphenylbenzene core bearing three oligomeric phenylene−vinylene branches having either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing peripheral groups have been synthesized. These octupolar derivatives show definite solvatochromic behavior (in absorption and even more in emission), which reveals a multidimensional intramolecular charge transfer (MDICT) taking place between the center and the periphery of the molecules. Correlations between the solvatochromism magnitude and the nonlinear responses (first-order hyperpolarizabilities β) of such derivatives have been established. Accordingly, boosting of the MDICT phenomenon (by means of elongation of the branches and benefit from appropriate peripheral groups) allowed achievement of very high hyperpolarizabilities while maintaining wide transparency in the visible region (up to ||β|| = 810 × 10-30 esu for λmax= 377 nm).
Spider Silk Fusion Proteins for Controlled Collagen Binding and Biomineralization (2020)

The development of biomaterials for the interface between tendon and bone is important for realizing functional tendon replacements. Toward the development of new materials for such applications, engineered recombinant spider silk proteins were modified with peptide tag sequences derived from noncollagenous proteins in bone, so-called SIBLING proteins, such as osteopontin and sialoprotein, which are known to interact with collagen and to initiate mineralization. Materials made of these spider silk-SIBLING hybrids were analyzed concerning mineralization and interaction with cells. They showed enhanced calcium phosphate formation upon incubation in mineralization agents. In gradient films, MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts adhered preferentially along the gradient toward the variant with a collagen binding motif.
Hardware implementation of the wavelet transform coupled with Artificial Neural Network for quantification purposes (2010)

This work presents a hardware implementation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coupled with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), allowing quantification of three chemical species in liquid environments from voltammetric signals. The chemical species included in this work are Tryptophan (Tpr), Cysteine (Cys) and Tyrosine (Tyr). Due to the voltammetric signals complexity obtained from the blend, the DWT is used as analytical multiresolution tool for voltammograms. The compressed signals are processed by an ANN, which delivers the concentration of threes chemical species. The ANN, previously trained, is a multi-layer perceptron with a 16×60×3 neurons structure, and with a non-linear activation function and a linear activation function for the hidden and the output layer, respectively. Both tools (DWT-ANN) were implemented in the microcontroller dsPIC30F6010 from Microchip®. The developed prototype is part of an analytical system known as voltammetric electronic tongue. The results obtained by the system were similar to MATLAB® results with the same signals at the input. The performance of the system proposed in this work showed that it is available replacing robust systems by compacted systems for quantification purposes and signal processing.
Molecular Basis of Selective Cytokine Signaling Inhibition by Antibodies Targeting a Shared Receptor (2021)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are potent mediators of inflammation, acting to coordinate local and systemic immune responses to a wide range of stimuli. Aberrant signaling by IL-1 family cytokine members, however, is linked to myriad inflammatory syndromes, autoimmune conditions and cancers. As such, blocking the inflammatory signals inherent to IL-1 family signaling is an established and expanding therapeutic strategy. While several FDA-approved IL-1 inhibitors exist, including an Fc fusion protein, a neutralizing antibody, and an antagonist cytokine, none specifically targets the co-receptor IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). Most IL-1 family cytokines form productive signaling complexes by binding first to their cognate receptors - IL-1RI for IL-1α and IL-1β; ST2 for IL-33; and IL-36R for IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ - after which they recruit the shared secondary receptor IL-1RAcP to form a ternary cytokine/receptor/co-receptor complex. Recently, IL-1RAcP was identified as a biomarker for both AML and CML. IL-1RAcP has also been implicated in tumor progression in solid tumors and an anti-IL1RAP antibody (nadunolimab, CAN04) is in phase II clinical studies in pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NCT03267316). As IL-1RAcP is common to all of the abovementioned IL-1 family cytokines, targeting this co-receptor raises the possibility of selective signaling inhibition for different IL-1 family cytokines. Indeed, previous studies of IL-1β and IL-33 signaling complexes have revealed that these cytokines employ distinct mechanisms of IL-1RAcP recruitment even though their overall cytokine/receptor/co-receptor complexes are structurally similar. Here, using functional, biophysical, and structural analyses, we show that antibodies specific for IL-1RAcP can differentially block signaling by IL-1 family cytokines depending on the distinct IL-1RAcP epitopes that they engage. Our results indicate that targeting a shared cytokine receptor is a viable therapeutic strategy for selective cytokine signaling inhibition.
MECHANO-FLUIDIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSCALE DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA ACTUATORS (2012)

This article reports the fluidic and mechanical thrust characterization of microscale dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators intended for distributed flow control applications. Particle image velocimetry and pitot measurements indicate wall jet velocities up to 2.0 m/s while consuming an average power of 15 W/m of electrode. Direct force measurements using a torsional balance indicate a thrust up to 3 mN/m of electrode. These microscale actuators exhibit flow characteristics similar to macroscale DBD actuators, but with an order of magnitude reduction in footprint area and mass. Furthermore, compared to similar macroscale actuators, the "thrust effectiveness" (force divided by power) is similar, and the "velocity effectiveness" (velocity divided by power) is nearly doubled.
Reduction of Cisplatinum-Induced Renal Toxicity in Mice by Tetrahydroindazolone Carboxylic Acid (HIDA) (1993)

The ability of tetrahydroindazolone carboxylic acid (HIDA) to reduce the toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) in CDF1 mice was investigated. Toxicity was assessed both in terms of mouse lethality occurring within 14 days after treatment and kidney damage estimated by measurement of plasma urea. The levels of plasma urea were found to increase from day 2 after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cis-DDP, reaching a peak at day 5. This increase was also cis-DDP-dose dependent. An i.p. injection of HIDA reduced kidney damage only when given 2.5 h prior to cis-DDP and at HIDA doses of 100 mg/kg or larger. The protection ratio for this reduction was 1.10. HIDA also decreased mouse lethality from cis-DDP, resulting in a PR of 1.41. This protective effect of HIDA on cis-DDP toxicity may eventually have a clinical application.
A Novel Algorithm to Report CSI in MIMO-Based Wireless Networks (2021)

In wireless communication, accurate channel state information (CSI) is of pivotal importance. In practice, due to processing and feedback delays, estimated CSI can be outdated, which can severely deteriorate the performance of the communication system. Besides, to feedback estimated CSI, a strong compression of the CSI, evaluated at the user equipment (UE), is performed to reduce the over-the-air (OTA) overhead. Such compression strongly reduces the precision of the estimated CSI, which ultimately impacts the performance of multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) precoding. Motivated by such issues, we present a novel scalable idea of reporting CSI in wireless networks, which is applicable to both time-division duplex (TDD) and frequency-division duplex (FDD) systems. In particular, the novel approach introduces the use of a channel predictor function, e.g., Kalman filter (KF), at both ends of the communication system to predict CSI. Simulation-based results demonstrate that the novel approach reduces not only the channel mean-squared-error (MSE) but also the OTA overhead to feedback the estimated CSI when there is immense variation in the mobile radio channel. Besides, in the immobile radio channel, feedback can be eliminated, which brings the benefit of further reducing the OTA overhead. Additionally, the proposed method provides a significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain in both the channel conditions, i.e., highly mobile and immobile.