gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Property Characterization of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Tubes Processed with Friction Stir Back Extrusion (2019)

Abstract Friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) is a technique for lightweight metal extrusion. The frictional heat and severe plastic deformation of the process generate an equiaxed refined grain structure because of dynamic recrystallization. Previous studies proved that the fabrication of tube and wire structures is feasible. In this work, hollow cylindrical billets of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy were used as starting material. A relatively low extrusion ratio allows for a temperature and deformation gradient through the tube wall thickness to elucidate the effect of heat and temperature on the microstructure evolution during FSBE. The force and temperature were recorded during the processes. The microstructures of the extruded tubes were characterized using an optical microscope, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and hardness testing. The process reduced the grain size from 58.2 μm to 20.6 μm at the inner wall. The microhardness of the alloy was reduced from 100 to 60–75 HV because of the process thermal cycle.
A Short and Convenient Synthesis of closo‐Dodecaborate Sugar Conjugates (2019)

Dodecaborate anions represent a suitable boron source for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Sugar derivatives of dodecaborate have been prepared through the ring‐opening reaction of cyclic oxonium ions by alkoxide nucleophiles. According to this general approach, a convenient and short synthesis of three derivatives of dodecaborate‐sugar conjugates is herein reported. Glucose, galactose and fructose have been chosen for their expected preferential uptake by tumor cells compared to healthy cells. The free hydroxyl group of isopropylidene protected sugars was exploited as nucleophile to open a dodecaborate cyclic oxonium salt, giving products containing a spacer between the sugar and the boron cluster. Deprotection of the sugar moiety in acidic conditions gave the desired compounds in excellent yield.
Flage: A Programming Language for Adaptive Software (1998)

The FMNCP did not significantly improve diet quality among adults with low incomes over the study period. Further research is needed to explore whether higher subsidy amounts or a longer intervention period is needed to meaningfully improve diet quality among adults with low incomes. This trial was registered at [clinicaltrials.gov] as [NCT03952338].
Data from AZD4573 Is a Highly Selective CDK9 Inhibitor That Suppresses MCL-1 and Induces Apoptosis in Hematologic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a transcriptional regulator and potential therapeutic target for many cancers. Multiple nonselective CDK9 inhibitors have progressed clinically but were limited by a narrow therapeutic window. This work describes a novel, potent, and highly selective CDK9 inhibitor, AZD4573.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;The antitumor activity of AZD4573 was determined across broad cancer cell line panels &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; as well as cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Multiple approaches, including integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, loss-of-function pathway interrogation, and pharmacologic comparisons, were employed to further understand the major mechanism driving AZD4573 activity and to establish an exposure/effect relationship.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;AZD4573 is a highly selective and potent CDK9 inhibitor. It demonstrated rapid induction of apoptosis and subsequent cell death broadly across hematologic cancer models &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and MCL-1 depletion in a dose- and time-dependent manner was identified as a major mechanism through which AZD4573 induces cell death in tumor cells. This pharmacodynamic (PD) response was also observed &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, which led to regressions in both subcutaneous tumor xenografts and disseminated models at tolerated doses both as monotherapy or in combination with venetoclax. This understanding of the mechanism, exposure, and antitumor activity of AZD4573 facilitated development of a robust pharmacokinetic/PD/efficacy model used to inform the clinical trial design.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Selective targeting of CDK9 enables the indirect inhibition of MCL-1, providing a therapeutic option for MCL-1–dependent diseases. Accordingly, AZD4573 is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial for patients with hematologic malignancies (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03263637).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Alcon et al., p. 761&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Correlation matrix estimation by an optimally controlled recursive average method and its application to blind source separation (2010)

In this paper we describe a fast and precise method of estimating a correlation matrix and its application. The estimation of correlation matrices is widely used in array signal processing. The estimation is commonly carried out by averaging input signals using a fixed-length time window. To achieve high performance, the window length should be set at the optimum value depending on the acoustical environment, such as the signal-to-noise ratio. However, in dynamically changing environments it is difficult to set a fixed window length because the optimum value also changes dynamically. To solve this problem, we propose an optimally controlled recursive average (OCRA) method that can control the window length adaptively. To evaluate our OCRA method, we applied it to geometric source separation (GSS), which is a sound source separation method suitable for real-time systems. Experimental results showed that the proposed method improved sound source separation.
The Effect of ACDF or Arthroplasty on Cervicogenic Headaches (2020)

These results suggest that 86% of patients with radiculopathy or myelopathy complain of headaches preoperatively, with 55.9% having frequent or constant, moderate to severe headaches (grades 3-5). By 6 weeks postoperative, only 12.5% had grades 3-5 headaches. At 10-year follow-up, 16.8% had grades 3-5 headaches. Both arthroplasty and ACDF are often effective at alleviating headaches associated with radiculopathy or myelopathy.
Blooming of Smectic Surfactant/Plasticizer Layers on Spin-Cast Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films (2018)

The blooming of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the influence of plasticizer (glycerol) on the surfactant distribution in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films have been explored by neutron reflectometry (NR) and ion beam analysis techniques. When in binary films with PVA, deuterated SDS (d<sub>25</sub>-SDS) forms a surface excess corresponding to a wetting layer of the surfactant molecules at the film surface. The magnitude of this surface excess increased significantly in the presence of the plasticizer, and the surfactant was largely excluded from the PVA subphase. NR revealed smectic nanostructures for both SDS and glycerol components within this surface excess in plasticized films. This combined layer comprises surfactant lamellae, separated by interstitial glycerol-rich layers, which is only formed in the plasticized films and persists throughout the surface excess. Atomic force microscopy micrographs of the film surfaces revealed platelike structures in the plasticized PVA, which were consistent with the rigid defects in the surfactant-rich lamellae. The formation of these structures arises from the synergistic surface segregation of SDS and glycerol, evidenced by surface tensiometry. Cloud point analysis of bulk samples indicates a transition at ∼55% water content, below which phase separation occurs in ternary films. This transition is likely to be necessary to form the thick wetting layer observed and therefore indicates that film components remain mobile beyond this point in the drying process.
Capillary Electrophoresis to Mass Spectrometry Interface Using a Porous Junction (2003)

A new capillary electrophoresis interface to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) is introduced in which the electrical connection to the CE capillary outlet/ESI electrode is achieved by transfer of small ions related to the background electrolyte (BGE) through a porous section near the CE capillary outlet. In this design, only a small section of the capillary wall is made porous. The porous section is created by first thinning a small section of the capillary wall by drilling a well into it and then etching the remaining thin wall porous. This design has two advantages over previous designs (in which the whole circumference of the capillary was made porous): first, the capillary interface is more robust because only a small section of it is made porous, and therefore, no liquid junction is needed to secure the porous section. The electrical connection is achieved simply by inserting the capillary outlet containing the porous junction into the existing ESI needle and filling the needle with the BGE. Second, the time required to make the fused silica porous is reduced from ∼1 h to a few minutes. In addition, there is no dead volume associated with the porous design, and because the actual metal/liquid contact occurs outside of the CE capillary, bubble formation due to redox reactions of water at the electrode does not affect CE/ESI-MS performance. The performance of this interface is demonstrated by the analyses of peptide and protein mixtures.
Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (2015)

This pilot study will explore the safety and effects on cardiac structure and function of i.v. injection of ischemia-tolerant MSCs in a small homogenous cohort of nonischemic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and absent replacement scarring on CMR. This study also represents a prospective mechanistic translational-phase study using baseline and serial CMR imaging in heart failure patients and serves as a potential model for design of future heart failure trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02467387).
A tetrapeptide class of biased analgesics from an Australian fungus targets the µ-opioid receptor (2019)

An Australian estuarine isolate of <i>Penicillium</i> sp. MST-MF667 yielded 3 tetrapeptides named the bilaids with an unusual alternating LDLD chirality. Given their resemblance to known short peptide opioid agonists, we elucidated that they were weak (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> low micromolar) μ-opioid agonists, which led to the design of bilorphin, a potent and selective μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) agonist (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> 1.1 nM). In sharp contrast to all-natural product opioid peptides that efficaciously recruit β-arrestin, bilorphin is G protein biased, weakly phosphorylating the MOPr and marginally recruiting β-arrestin, with no receptor internalization. Importantly, bilorphin exhibits a similar G protein bias to oliceridine, a small nonpeptide with improved overdose safety. Molecular dynamics simulations of bilorphin and the strongly arrestin-biased endomorphin-2 with the MOPr indicate distinct receptor interactions and receptor conformations that could underlie their large differences in bias. Whereas bilorphin is systemically inactive, a glycosylated analog, bilactorphin, is orally active with similar in vivo potency to morphine. Bilorphin is both a unique molecular tool that enhances understanding of MOPr biased signaling and a promising lead in the development of next generation analgesics.
Active Content Popularity Learning via Query-by-Committee for Edge Caching (2019)

Edge caching has received much attention as an effective solution to face the stringent latency requirements in 5G networks due to the proliferation of handset devices as well as data-hungry applications. One of the challenges in edge caching systems is to optimally cache strategic contents to maximize the percentage of total requests served by the edge caches. To enable the optimal caching strategy, we propose an Active Learning approach (AL) to learn and design an accurate content request prediction algorithm. Specifically, we use an AL based Query-by-committee (QBC) matrix completion algorithm with a strategy of querying the most informative missing entries of the content popularity matrix. The proposed AL framework leverage’s the trade-off between exploration and exploitation of the network, and learn the user’s preferences by posing queries or recommendations. Later, it exploits the known information to maximize the system performance. The effectiveness of proposed AL based QBC content learning algorithm is demonstrated via numerical results.
Asymptotic Analysis of MAP Estimation via the Replica Method and Compressed Sensing (2009)

The replica method is a non-rigorous but widely-accepted technique from statistical physics used in the asymptotic analysis of large, random, nonlinear problems. This paper applies the replica method to non-Gaussian maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. It is shown that with random linear measurements and Gaussian noise, the asymptotic behavior of the MAP estimate of an n-dimensional vector decouples as n scalar MAP estimators. The result is a counterpart to Guo and Verdu's replica analysis of minimum mean-squared error estimation.

The replica MAP analysis can be readily applied to many estimators used in compressed sensing, including basis pursuit, lasso, linear estimation with thresholding, and zero norm-regularized estimation. In the case of lasso estimation the scalar estimator reduces to a soft-thresholding operator, and for zero norm-regularized estimation it reduces to a hard-threshold. Among other benefits, the replica method provides a computationally-tractable method for exactly computing various performance metrics including mean-squared error and sparsity pattern recovery probability.
Toward higher resolution in photovoltaic restoration of sight (2021)

Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis is designed to restore sight in patients who lost central vision due to atrophic AMD. Subretinal pixels convert pulsed NIR light projected from augmented-reality glasses into electric current, stimulating the nearby inner retinal neurons. In patients with geographic atrophy, such prosthetic central vision coexists with natural peripheral sight, and its acuity closely matches the 100um pixel pitch of the implant. We present a progress toward 20um pixels based on honeycomb configuration of the stimulating arrays with return electrodes elevated on vertical walls, designed to leverage retinal migration for decoupling the stimulation threshold from pixel size.
Sarm1 haploinsufficiency or low expression levels after antisense oligonucleotides delay programmed axon degeneration (2021)

Activation of the pro-degenerative protein SARM1 after diverse physical and disease-relevant injuries causes programmed axon degeneration. Original studies indicate that substantially decreased SARM1 levels are required for neuroprotection. However, we demonstrate, in Sarm1 haploinsufficient mice, that lowering SARM1 levels by 50% delays programmed axon degeneration in vivo after sciatic nerve transection and partially prevents neurite outgrowth defects in mice lacking the pro-survival factor NMNAT2. In vitro, the rate of degeneration in response to traumatic, neurotoxic, and genetic triggers of SARM1 activation is also slowed. Finally, we demonstrate that Sarm1 antisense oligonucleotides decrease SARM1 levels by more than 50% in vitro, which delays or prevents programmed axon degeneration. Combining Sarm1 haploinsufficiency with antisense oligonucleotides further decreases SARM1 levels and prolongs protection after neurotoxic injury. These data demonstrate that axon protection occurs in a Sarm1 gene dose-responsive manner and that SARM1-lowering agents have therapeutic potential, making Sarm1-targeting antisense oligonucleotides a promising therapeutic strategy.
Supplementary Table from Phase 1b Clinical Trial with Alpelisib plus Olaparib for Patients with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Phase 1b Clinical Trial with Alpelisib plus Olaparib for Patients with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Toward Standardizing Deuterium Content Reporting in Hydrogen Exchange-MS (2014)

We introduce a method to monitor dispensing ratios during labeling reactions in hydrogen exchange (HX)-MS. The method corrects for systematic and random dispensing errors and harmonizes data incorporating variable %D2O in the experiment design. A correction factor for deuterium levels is obtained by quantifying the relative signal intensities arising from nonexchanging heavy caffeine (spiked into labeling buffer) and light caffeine (spiked into sample solutions). Dispensing variability over a wide range of %D2O composition can be detected and corrected to a common value, and although random dispensing error is usually minor, we show it can be the limiting factor in high quality signal measurements. Applying a dispensing control is therefore an effective tool for monitoring measurement precision in HX-MS.
Data from Targeting the Temporal Dynamics of Hypoxia-Induced Tumor-Secreted Factors Halts Tumor Migration (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Targeting microenvironmental factors that foster migratory cell phenotypes is a promising strategy for halting tumor migration. However, lack of mechanistic understanding of the emergence of migratory phenotypes impedes pharmaceutical drug development. Using our three-dimensional microtumor model with tight control over tumor size, we recapitulated the tumor size–induced hypoxic microenvironment and emergence of migratory phenotypes in microtumors from epithelial breast cells and patient-derived primary metastatic breast cancer cells, mesothelioma cells, and lung cancer xenograft cells. The microtumor models from various patient-derived tumor cells and patient-derived xenograft cells revealed upregulation of tumor-secreted factors, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), fibronectin (FN), and soluble E-cadherin, consistent with clinically reported elevated levels of FN and MMP9 in patient breast tumors compared with healthy mammary glands. Secreted factors in the conditioned media of large microtumors induced a migratory phenotype in nonhypoxic, nonmigratory small microtumors. Subsequent mathematical analyses identified a two-stage microtumor progression and migration mechanism whereby hypoxia induces a migratory phenotype in the initialization stage, which then becomes self-sustained through a positive feedback loop established among the tumor-secreted factors. Computational and experimental studies showed that inhibition of tumor-secreted factors effectively halts microtumor migration despite tumor-to-tumor variation in migration kinetics, while inhibition of hypoxia is effective only within a time window and is compromised by tumor-to-tumor variation, supporting our notion that hypoxia initiates migratory phenotypes but does not sustain it. In summary, we show that targeting temporal dynamics of evolving microenvironments, especially tumor-secreted factors during tumor progression, can halt tumor migration.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study uses state-of-the-art three-dimensional microtumor models and computational approaches to highlight the temporal dynamics of tumor-secreted microenvironmental factors in inducing tumor migration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
10MHz Zero-Voltage-Switched Resonant Inverter for Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp (1995)

A new electronic ballast for electrodeless fluorescent lamps using a zero-voltage-switched resonant inverter is presented. The characteristic of this circuit is analyzed using an equivalent circuit of an electrodeless lamp. From the analysis, the output power of the electrodeless fluorescent lamp, the semiconductor device's stresses and zero-voltage-switching condition are derived, and a procedure for designing the electronic ballast for an electrodeless fluorescent lamp is established. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results obtained under 10MHz operation. This circuit realizes both condition of applying high resonant voltage across the excitation coil within the rating of the switches at the start of the lamp and lighting the lamp stably at the rated output power. In the experiment of 10MHz operation, the conversion efficiency over 90% is realized by zero-voltage-switching.
On Creative Self-Driving Cars: Hire the Computational Logicians, Fast (2016)

There can be no denying that it is entirely possible for a car-manufacturing company like Daimler to build and the deploy self-driving cars without hiring a single computational logician. However, for reasons we explain herein, a logician-less approach to engineering self-driving automobiles (and, for that matter, self-moving vehicles of any consequence, in general) is a profoundly unwise one. As we shall see, the folly of leaving aside logic has absolutely nothing to do with the standard and stale red-herring concern that self-driving cars will face exotic human-style ethical dilemmas the philosophers have a passionate penchant for.
The Potential of Semiochemicals for Control ofPhorodon humuli(Homoptera: Aphididae) (1996)

Field experiments employing yellow water-traps with vials releasing methyl salicylate, butyl isothiocyanate, 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate and diethyltoluamide were conducted during the spring migration of Phorodon humuli (Schrank), with the aim of identifying substances which might be used in the field to deter landing on hop plants. Methyl salicylate and the two isothiocyanates reduced trap catches of P. humuli. During the spring of 1994 a slow-release formulation of methyl salicylate and a β-acid-rich hop resin sprayed on to hop plants did not reduce aphid infestations significantly. In autumn cis,cis-nepetalactol, the main component of P. ‘humuli’s sex pheromone, prepared by various synthetic routes, increased trap catches of males and gynoparae equally. Catches of males in pheromone traps situated in a hop garden decreased with increasing trap height. Catches of males in traps charged with increasing doses of the cis,cis-nepetalactol peaked at 1 mg and then plateaued, whereas catches of gynoparae peaked similarly at 1 mg and then decreased. The effects of kairomones from an extract of the primary host, sex pheromone and a visual cue from yellow compared with clear water-traps were additive. The prospects for developing a semiochemicals-based control strategy against P. humuli, using some or all of the above elements, are discussed.
Color managing the third edition of Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology (2002)

Abstract Commercial ICC‐compliant color‐management software was used to produce color‐managed CMYK‐encoded images for the third edition of Principles of Color Technology . Custom profiles were created for a Scitex Eversmart Pro flatbed scanner and a Kodak Approval proofing device. This enabled objects such as color‐order systems and colorimetric‐encoded, computer‐generated graphical images to be reproduced with reasonable colorimetric accuracy. The GretagMacbeth ColorChecker Color Rendition Chart was used as an independent verification target. Its printed reproduction had an average error of 4.2 Δ E (6.4 Δ E * ab ). Colorimetric‐rendering device profiles enabled the visualization of the book's color gamut and of a calibrated visible spectrum. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 360–373, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10083
Dynamics of Nonclassical Light from a Single Solid-State Quantum Emitter (2012)

We measure the dynamics of a nonclassical optical field using two-time second-order correlations in conjunction with pulsed excitation. The technique quantifies single-photon purity and coherence during the excitation-decay cycle of an emitter, illustrated here using a quantum dot. We observe that for certain pump wavelengths, photons detected early in the cycle have reduced single-photon purity and coherence compared to those detected later. A model indicates that the single-photon purity dynamics are due to exciton recapture after initial emission and within the same pulse cycle.