gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach to Kalman filtering for oscillator tracking (2015)

Distributed MIMO communications involve multiple transmitters and receivers organizing themselves into virtual antenna arrays. As these carry individual clocks and oscillators that drift, maintaining sychronization requires that the frequency and the unwrapped phase of each oscillator be tracked using Kalman filters. Kalman filters in turn are sensitive to how well the process and measurement noise variances are known. Existing methods for estimating unknown system variances do not work well for oscillators as the process noise variances are very small (orders of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-21</sup> ). In this paper we modify the most advanced technique for estimating the noise variances to develop a scheme that leads to faster and more accurate estimation of the noise variances, using fewer observations.
Hybrid MELP/CELP coding at bit rates from 6.4 to 2.4 kb/s (2003)

This paper describes extensions of the 4 kb/s hybrid MELP/CELP coder, up to 6.4 kb/s and down to 2.4 kb/s. The baseline 4 kb/s coder uses three coding modes: MELP in strongly voiced speech frames, CELP with pitch prediction in weakly voiced frames, and CELP with stochastic excitation in unvoiced frames. To minimize switching artifacts between parametric MELP and waveform CELP coding, an alignment phase is encoded in MELP and zero-phase equalization is applied to the CELP target signal. The 6.4 kb/s extension uses the same three modes as the 4 kb/s coder, with improved MELP and CELP coders. The 2.4 kb/s extension uses only two modes: MELP for voiced frames and CELP synthesis with random excitation for unvoiced frames. The alignment phase is encoded in MELP frames for all bit rates so that time synchrony with input speech is always maintained. Alignment phase and zero-phase equalization enable smooth switching between coders at different bit rates. The hybrid MELP/CELP coding structure leads to coders that perform better at a given bit rate than MELP or CELP separately, and better than or equivalent to higher bit-rate ITU standards. Formal subjective tests show that for all-but-one tested conditions, the 6.4 kb/s hybrid coder is better than 8 kb/s G.729 and the 2.4 kb/s coder is equivalent to, or better than, 6.4 kb/s G.729 Annex D.
Gene expression analysis of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) using cDNA microarrays (2003)

Perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i>) is a major forage grass of temperate pastures. A genomics program has been undertaken generating over 52,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Cluster analysis of the ESTs identified approximately 14,600 ryegrass unigenes. In this report, we described the application of ryegrass unigene cDNAs to produce ryegrass 15K microarray. Fifteen microarray hybridisations were performed with labeled total RNA isolated from a variety of plant organs and developmental stages. In a proof of concept, gene expression profiling of ryegrass ESTs using the 15K unigene microarrays has been established using several known genes and two cluster analysis approaches (parallel coordinate planes plot and hierarchical clustering). The expression profile of the known genes (e.g. rubisco and invertase) corresponds well with published data. The microarray expression profile of a ryegrass putative root specific kinase gene was also verified with Northern blotting. This combination of DNA microarray hybridisations and cluster analysis can be applied as a tool for the identification of novel sequences of unknown function.
Effect of Antenna Array Element Separation on Capacity of MIMO Systems Including Mutual Coupling (2019)

In this paper, we study the effect of element separation in a base station array (BSA) on the downlink line-of-sight achievable sum-rate of MIMO systems in the presence of mutual coupling at the BSA. The channel matrix H is modeled using the embedded field patterns of the BSA and is used to analyze the outage performance for two single-element user equipments assuming no inter-user coupling.
Sonophoresis for Rapid Assessment of Interstitial Fluid and Drug Delivery (2007)

Abstract : The general objective of the proposed studies was to develop sonophoresis as a platform technology for assessing interstitial fluid from the skin and perform transdermal drug delivery. In this method, a short application of low-frequency ultrasound is used to extract biomarkers from skin. Ultrasound-permeabilized skin can also be used for transdermal drug delivery. Specifically, a drug patch can be placed on permeabilized skin to allow steady diffusion of drugs across the skin. Skin offers an excellent interface for diagnostics and drug delivery. However, low permeability of the skin limits our ability to harvest a sample of markers for diagnostics and to deliver drugs for therapeutic intervention. This challenge was addressed by ultrasound.
Rheological and physical properties ofin situ composite based on liquid crystalline polymer and poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) blends (1999)

The in situ composites based on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were investigated in terms of thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties, and morphology. Inclusion of LCP enhanced the crystallization rate and tensile modulus of the PEN matrix, although it decreased the tensile strength in the PEN-rich phase. The orientation effect of this blend system was composition and spin draw ratio dependent, which was examined by Instron tensile test. Further, the addition of dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as a reaction catalyst was found to increase the viscosity of the blends, enhance its adhesion between the dispersed LCP phases and matrix, and led to an increase of mechanical properties of two immiscible blends. Hence DBTDL is helpful in producing a reactive compatibilizer by reactive extrusion at the interface of this LCP reinforced polyester blend system. The optimum catalyst amount turned out to be about 500 ppm, when the reaction proceeded in the 75/25 PEN/LCP blend system. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2448–2456, 1999
ln Situ Photopolymerized Hydrogels for Vascular and Peritoneal Wound Healing (2003)

The process of wound healing in internal organs lined with mesothelial cells is different in some respects from healing in cutaneous injuries. Hertzler (1) noted that cutaneous wound re-epithelialization takes place from the wound borders, but peritoneal defects become re-mesothelialized simultaneously. Most organs in the pelvic cavity possess a mesothelial lining that can be injured as a result of trauma from surgical intervention or handling. It is generally agreed that the remesothelialization of the peritoneum can take place over 5-8 d (2). During this period, events of inflammation and mesothelial repair occur that can set the course for postsurgical adhesion formation. Postsurgical adhesion formation, or the formation of scar tissue bridges between organs in the pelvic cavity, is an undesirable result of a natural healing process. Ryan et al. (3) showed experimentally that the surface of bowel is subject to demesothelialization and loss of native fibrinolytic activity by surgical manipulation, whether it is allowed to dry or is kept moist with saline. This denuded surface could allow blood clots to form and act as precursors to adhesion formation before remesothelialization can occur. The formation of adhesions can distort the normal anatomy and natural positioning of organs, and has often been implicated in postoperative pelvic pain and bowel obstructions, in addition to other complications. Ryan recommended that to minimize adhesion formation, tissue exposure and manipulation should be minimized (3).
Structural Safety Analysis Of Rear Door in ACP Hotcell Facility for Spent Fuel Treatment (2006)

A demonstration facility for an advanced spent fuel conditioning process (ACP) is under construction at KAERI. In this hotcell facility, the rear door is frequently used since all process equipment and materials are taken in and out only through the rear door. Therefore , both the structural safety and stability of the door are essentially required for the safety of ACP facility. In this paper, the finite element analysis has been performed to investigate the structural safety under the impact condition between the rear door and the door frame. Also the possibility of the rear door being tumbled over by the impact force or the inertia force under a sudden stop conditon has been evaluated. The analysis results demonstrate that the structural safety and stability of the rear door are sufficiently assured for both the impact and the accidential stop conditions.
Calmodulin‐binding transcription activator (CAMTA) 3 mediates biotic defense responses in Arabidopsis (2008)

Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) 3 (also called SR1) is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor in Arabidopsis. Two homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants (camta3-1, camta3-2) showed enhanced spontaneous lesions. Transcriptome analysis of both mutants revealed 6 genes with attenuated expression and 99 genes with elevated expression. Of the latter, 32 genes are related to defense against pathogens (e.g. WRKY33, PR1 and chitinase). Propagation of a virulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea were attenuated in both mutants. Moreover, both mutants accumulated high levels of H2O2. We suggest that CAMTA3 regulates the expression of a set of genes involved in biotic defense responses.
6–18 GHz GaAs pHEMT Broadband Power Amplifier Based on Dual-Frequency Selective Impedance Matching Technique (2019)

This paper presents a broadband gallium-arsenide pseudomorphic high-electron-mobilitytransistor (GaAs pHEMT) power amplifier integrated circuit (PAIC) based on a dual-frequency selective impedance matching technique for warfare applications. For a broadband PA design, lower and upper-frequency corners where serious performance degradation is likely to occur should be carefully considered. Feedback and resistive biasing circuits were adopted for driver and main stages to making their frequency responses as flat as possible. Optimum impedances of not only extended lower and upper-frequency corners but also center frequency, were then extracted. Such dual-frequency selective impedance matching technique was applied for extended lower and upper-frequency corners while checking the mismatch level for the center frequency. The proposed broadband PAIC for frequency band from 6 to 18 GHz was designed using a 0.15 μm GaAs enhanced-mode pHEMT (E-pHEMT) process. The implemented broadband PAIC with a simple two-stage structure had a very small chip size of 1.19×0.82 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It exhibited a power gain of more than 16.4 dB and output power of 19.2 dBm. Very flat characteristics in power gain and an output power within ±1.0 dB through the whole band were achieved.
The Flexible Processor-dynamically reconfigurable logic array for personal-use emulation system (2004)

A dynamically reconfigurable logic array, i.e., the Flexible Processor, suitable for single chip emulation system is developed. It demonstrates the sequential execution of sub-circuits divided from original circuit, by newly developed Temporal Communication Module (TCM). In order to accelerate emulation speed, a logic element, which can reduce configuration data by 30% as compared to conventional Look-Up-Table, is implemented. The chip (3.9/spl times/3.9 mm/sup 2/) fabricated with 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology operates at 33 MHz with 5.0 V power supply.
High‐Resolution Mid‐infrared Imaging of SN 1987A (2004)

Using the Thermal-Region Camera and Spectrograph (T-ReCS) attached to the Gemini South 8m telescope, we have detected and resolved 10 micron emission at the position of the inner equatorial ring (ER) of supernova SN 1987A at day 6067. ``Hot spots'' similar to those found in the optical and near-IR are clearly present. The morphology of the 10 micron emission is globally similar to the morphology at other wavelengths from X-rays to radio. The observed mid-IR flux in the region of SN1987A is probably dominated by emission from dust in the ER. We have also detected the ER at 20 micron at a 4 sigma level. Assuming that thermal dust radiation is the origin of the mid-IR emission, we derive a dust temperature of 180^{+20}_{-10} K, and a dust mass of 1.- 8. 10^{-5} Mo for the ER. Our observations also show a weak detection of the central ejecta at 10 micron. We show that previous bolometric flux estimates (through day 2100) were not significantly contaminated by this newly discovered emission from the ER. If we assume that the energy input comes from radioactive decays only, our measurements together with the current theoretical models set a temperature of 90 leq T leq 100 K and a mass range of 10^{-4} - 2. 10^{-3} Mo for the dust in the ejecta. With such dust temperatures the estimated thermal emission is 9(+/-3) 10^{35} erg s^{-1} from the inner ring, and 1.5 (+/-0.5) 10^{36} erg s^{-1} from the ejecta. Finally, using SN 1987A as a template, we discuss the possible role of supernovae as major sources of dust in the Universe.
Letters (2008)

Baroud, Gamal PhD; Bohner, Marc PhD; Murphy, Kieran MB BCH, FRCPC, FSIR; Munk, Peter L. MDCM, FRCPC; McKiernan, Fergus MD; Heini, Paul MD; Faciszewski, Tom MD Author Information
Writing, repairing, and inspecting of extreme ultraviolet lithography reticles considering the impact of the materials (2001)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the leading candidate for next generation lithography with the potential for extendibility beyond the 50 nm node. Selecting the proper materials for the absorber stack directly impacts one’s ability to conduct effective electron beam patterning, focused ion beam repair, and inspection of an EUVL reticle. An attempt to define the optimal absorber stack based on the interaction of electrons, ions, and photons with the absorber stack is studied from the perspective of patterning, repair, and inspection of EUVL reticles, respectively.
Biomechanical Properties of Human Cadaveric Ankle-Subtalar Joints in Quasi-Static Loading (1998)

The biomechanical properties of human ankle-subtalar joints have been determined in a quasi-static loading condition. The moving center of rotation was determined and approximated by a fixed point. The moment-angle characteristics of the ankle-subtalar joints about the fixed center of rotation have been measured under four basic movements: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion. The method linearly increases rotation of the calcaneus until failure, and measures the moments, forces, and linear and rotational displacements. Failure was identified as the initial drop of moment on plot showing the moment representing gross injury or microfilament damage. In this study, 32 human ankle-subtalar joints have been tested to failure. The center of rotation of the ankle-subtalar joints was determined for a pure dorsiflexion (9 specimens), plantarflexion (7 specimens), inversion (8 specimens), and eversion (8 specimens). Failure in the joints occurred at an average moment of -33.1 +/- 16.5 Nm in dorsiflexion, 40.1 +/- 9.2 Nm in plantarflexion, -34.1 +/- 14.5 Nm in inversion, and 48.1 +/- 12.2 Nm in eversion. The failure angle was also determined in all four motions. Failure was best predicted by an angle of -44.0 +/- 10.9 deg in dorsiflexion, 71.6 +/- 5.7 deg in plantarflexion, -34.3 +/- 7.5 deg in inversion, and 32.4 +/- 7.3 deg in eversion. Injury was identified in every preparation tested in inversion and eversion, while it resulted in five of the nine preparations in dorsiflexion, and in three of the seven in plantarflexion. Injury occurred at -47.0 +/- 5.3 deg and -36.2 +/- 14.8 Nm in dorsiflexion, and at 68.7 +/- 5.9 deg and 36.7 +/- 2.5 Nm in plantarflexion. The results obtained in this study provide basic information of the ankle-subtalar joint kinematics, biomechanics, and injury. The data will be used to form a basis for corridors of the ankle-subtalar joint responses.
Sturtevant's paradox revisited (2012)

In this paper, I consider many causes which may lead to irregularity in language. Consequently, the perspective will be more diachronic than synchronic. As starting point, I chose to analyse the so-called Sturtevant's paradox, since it implies more levels than its bare formulation seems to refer to. The well-known paradox says that sound-change is regular but creates irregularity, while analogical change is irregular but creates regularity. Sturtevant's formulation implies two concepts located at different levels, the phonological level and the morphological one – and, above all, it entails two (or more) different chronological levels. A new rule B can act on the outputs of rule A (see, e.g., the Sanskrit palatalization of velar consonants). Remnants of phase A, untouched by phase B, become irregular exceptions.
Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disorders (2003)

The major diseases that are classically termed neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, Parkinson's disease and related movement disorders, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's Chorea. The accumulation of protein aggregates appears to be an essential element in the pathophysiology of these illnesses. Protein aggregates stimulate oxidative injury and induce cell death through apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. Preventing protein aggregation or the accumulation of protein aggregates is a major target of pharmacotherapy with these illnesses.
Overview of UMTS Air-Interface Evolution (2006)

With the emergence of packet-based wireless broadband systems such as 802.16e, it is evident that a comprehensive evolution of the universal mobile telecommunications system specifications is required to remain competitive. As a result, work has begun on long term evolution (LTE) of the UMTS terrestrial radio access and radio access network aimed for commercial deployment in 2010. Goals for the evolved system include support for improved system capacity and coverage, high peak data rates, low latency, reduced operating costs, multi-antenna support, flexible bandwidth operations and seamless integration with existing systems. To reach these goals, a new design for the air interface is envisioned. This paper provides a preliminary look at the air interface for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and associated key technologies required to reach its design objectives. Initial E-UTRA system performance results show a 2 to 3x improvement over a reference Rel-6 UMTS system configuration [1, 2] for both uplink and downlink.
Face and gaze tracking as input methods for gaming design (2011)

Real-time face detection combined with eye-gaze tracking and face analysis can provide a new means of user input in a gaming environment. Game designers can use facial information in various ways in designing the user interface (UI) and to provide smarter modes of interaction with players.
Iron(III) chelates with hexadentate ligands from triethylenetetramine and .beta.-diketones or salicylaldehyde. Spin state dependent crystal and molecular structures of [Fe(acac)2trien]PF6(S = 5/2), [Fe(acacCl)2trien]PF6(S = 5/2), [Fe(sal)2trien]Cl.2H2O(S = 1/2), and [Fe(sal)2trien]NO3.H2O(S = 1/2) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron(III) chelates with hexadentate ligands from triethylenetetramine and .beta.-diketones or salicylaldehyde. Spin state dependent crystal and molecular structures of [Fe(acac)2trien]PF6(S = 5/2), [Fe(acacCl)2trien]PF6(S = 5/2), [Fe(sal)2trien]Cl.2H2O(S = 1/2), and [Fe(sal)2trien]NO3.H2O(S = 1/2)Ekk Sinn, Greig Sim, Eric V. Dose, Michael F. Tweedle, and Lon J. WilsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 11, 3375–3390Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00479a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views573Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Association Between Treatment Progression, Disease Refractoriness, and Burden of Illness Among Hospitalized Patients With Status Epilepticus (2021)

Status epilepticus apparently continues to be associated with a large burden on patients and the US health system, with high mortality and costs that increase with disease refractoriness. Interventions that prevent SE from progressing to a more refractory state may have the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs associated with this neurologic condition.
Banners: Binarized Neural Networks with Replicated Secret Sharing. (2021)

International audience
An efficient algorithm for OSPF subnet aggregation (2004)

Multiple addresses within an OSPF area can be aggregated and advertised together to other areas. This process is known as address aggregation and is used to reduce router computational overheads and memory requirements and to reduce the network bandwidth consumed by OSPF messages. The downside of address aggregation is that it leads to information loss and consequently sub-optimal (non-shortest path) routing of data packets. The resulting difference (path selection error) between the length of the actual forwarding path and the shortest path varies between different sources and destinations. This paper proves that the path selection error from any source to any destination can be bounded using only parameters describing the destination area. Based on this, the paper presents an efficient algorithm that generates the minimum number of aggregates subject to a maximum allowed path selection error. A major operational benefit of our algorithm is that network administrators can select aggregates for an area based solely on the topology of the area without worrying about remaining areas of the OSPF network. The other benefit is that the algorithm enables trade-offs between the number of aggregates and the bound on the path selection error. The paper also evaluates the algorithm's performance on random topologies. Our results show that in some cases, the algorithm is capable of reducing the number of aggregates by as much as 50% with only a relatively small introduction of maximum path selection error.