gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Programmable Gate Arrays in 2004 (2004)

This paper describes recent progress in Field Programmable Gate Arrays.The title refers to 90-nanometer manufacturing technology, 11 Gigahertz serial I/O, and a sub-femtosecond capture window causing flip-flop outputs to go metastable.There are three main sections: A bird's eye view of FPGA technology, a detailed description ofFPGAs in 2004, and two special problems and solutions I. FPGA TECHNOLOGY A. Lower costMoore's Law is alive, smaller geometries and larger wafers and lower defect density achieve higher yield, and thus lower cost per function.State-of-the-art is 90 nm on 300 mm wafers Spartan-3 uses this technology for lowest cost One LUT + flip-flop did cost $1.00 in 1990, only $ 0.002 in 2004.Rapid price reductions, driven by intense competition B.More logic and better features: >100,000 LUTs & flip-flops >200 BlockRAMs and 18 x 18 multipliers 1156 pins (balls) with >800 GP I/O 50 I/O standards, incl.LVDs 16 low-skew global clock lines Multiple clock management circuits On-chip processor(s) and Gbps transceivers C. Higher speed Smaller and faster transistors 90 nm technology, using 193 nm u.v.light Cu interconnect ( instead of Al ) was easily achieved.Low-K dielectric progress is slow System speed: up to 500 MHz, mainly through smart interconnects, clock management, dedicated circuits, flexible I/O.Integrated transceivers running at >10 Gbps Speeding up GP logic is getting difficult D. Better tools Back-End Place&Route and XST synthesis.VHDL and Verilog becoming entry point.IP/Cores speed up design and verification.Embedded Software Development Tools support architectures and merge HW and SW.Domain-Specific Languages.System Generator bridges the gap between Matlab/Simulink and FPGA circuit description.ASIC-size FPGAs need ASIC-like tools.ASIC-like size requires ASIC-quality tools.E. ASICs are losing ground ASICS are only for extreme designs: extreme volume, speed, size, low power Cost of a mask set for different technologies: 250 nm: $ 100 k 180 nm : $ 300 k 130 nm: $ 800 k 90 nm: $1200 k 65 nm: $2000 k plus design, verification and risk F. Evolution Every 5 years: System speed doubles, IC geometry shrinks 50%.Every 7-8 years: PC-board min trace width shrinks 50% G.The ever shrinking circuitry Number of LUTs + flip-flops + routing that fit on the cross section of a human hair: 2000 2 LUTs in Virtex-II (150 nm) 2002 3 LUTs in Virtex-IIPro (130 nm) 2004 4 LUTs in Virtex-4 (90 nm) 2005 8 LUTs = one CLB in 65 nm Moore's law is alive and well in FPGAs
Specific uptake of N-isopropyl-p-I-123-iodomphetamine by the adrenal cortex. (1987)

peer reviewed
Enzymatic immobilization of organometallic species: biosilification of NCN- and PCP-pincer metal species using demosponge axial filaments (2009)

Silicatein protein filaments isolated from marine demosponges have been used to influence the condensation of siloxanes bearing organometallic pincer complexes. The siliceous material is formed under remarkably mild conditions and the organometallic pincer becomes an intrinsic part of the silica. The immobilisation of a metal pincer, which acts as a sensor and initial results on the immobilisation of a pre-catalytic pincer species are reported.
Protection Against Reconstruction and Its Applications in Private Federated Learning (2018)

In large-scale statistical learning, data collection and model fitting are moving increasingly toward peripheral devices---phones, watches, fitness trackers---away from centralized data collection. Concomitant with this rise in decentralized data are increasing challenges of maintaining privacy while allowing enough information to fit accurate, useful statistical models. This motivates local notions of privacy---most significantly, local differential privacy, which provides strong protections against sensitive data disclosures---where data is obfuscated before a statistician or learner can even observe it, providing strong protections to individuals' data. Yet local privacy as traditionally employed may prove too stringent for practical use, especially in modern high-dimensional statistical and machine learning problems. Consequently, we revisit the types of disclosures and adversaries against which we provide protections, considering adversaries with limited prior information and ensuring that with high probability, ensuring they cannot reconstruct an individual's data within useful tolerances. By reconceptualizing these protections, we allow more useful data release---large privacy parameters in local differential privacy---and we design new (minimax) optimal locally differentially private mechanisms for statistical learning problems for \emph{all} privacy levels. We thus present practicable approaches to large-scale locally private model training that were previously impossible, showing theoretically and empirically that we can fit large-scale image classification and language models with little degradation in utility.
The mechanism of thrombin-induced platelet factor 4 secretion (1980)

We have measured thrombin-induced secretion of platelet factor 4 antigen (PF4) and simultaneously followed its intracellular translocation by immunofluorescence. In permeable resting platelets, speckled intracellular immunofluorescent staining for PF4 was observed. Addition of thrombin to washed platelets at 22 degrees C resulted in secretion of PF4 and formation of large (approximately 0.5 micrometer) immunofluorescent masses. These masses moved to the cell periphery during secretion and were virtually absent at the conclusion of secretion. Ultrastructural examination of thrombin-treated platelets revealed vacuoles corresponding in size, shape, and time of occurrence to the large immunofluorescent masses of PF4. These vacuoles contained PF4 by immunoferritin staining of frozen thin sections; they therefore appear to represent the ultrastructural counterpart of the large PF4 masses. When intact cells were stained for PF4 after thrombin addition, only 5.6% of the large masses stained. Thus, during secretion, PF4 antigen is consolidated into large closed pools that appear as vacuoles in the electron microscope.
Developing Superplasticity at High Strain Rates through ECAP Processing (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Grain refinement in ECAP Superplasticity in the Al-Mg-Li-Zr Alloy Superplasticity in the Al-Mg-Sc alloy Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements
Fe/Cr- and Co/Cr-Mediated Catalytic Asymmetric 2-Haloallylations of Aldehydes (2004)

The first example to couple aldehydes and 3-bromo-2-halopropenes in a catalytic asymmetric manner is reported. The coupling reaction is effected by the use of a chiral sulfonamide-Cr complex (prepared in situ from 1d, CrBr3, Fe(III) or from Co(II), Et3N, and Mn), TMSCl, and 2,6-lutidine. The method reported here is operationally simple and scalable, furnishing 3-halohomoallylic alcohols with a synthetically useful level of enantiomeric excess.
Alimentation et principes de nutrition dans une approche holistique (2014)

Alimentation et principes de nutrition dans une approche holistique. Conférence du PASRES Programme d'Appui Stratégique à la Recherche Scientifique
TfI7: Electrical properties of MOCYD-deposited PZT thin films (1992)

Abstract Strongly c-axis oriented epitaxial PZT thin films have been successfully grown on (100)MgO and (100)Pt/(100)MgO substrates by using the MOCVD method. The epitaxial relation is (001)PZT 11(001)MgO and [010]PZT 11[010]MgO.
Federated Adaptive Prompt Tuning for Multi-Domain Collaborative Learning (2022)

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without disclosing their data. Previous researches often require training the complete model parameters. However, the emergence of powerful pre-trained models makes it possible to achieve higher performance with fewer learnable parameters in FL. In this paper, we propose a federated adaptive prompt tuning algorithm, FedAPT, for multi-domain collaborative image classification with powerful foundation models, like CLIP. Compared with direct federated prompt tuning, our core idea is to adaptively unlock specific domain knowledge for each test sample in order to provide them with personalized prompts. To implement this idea, we design an adaptive prompt tuning module, which consists of a meta prompt, an adaptive network, and some keys. The server randomly generates a set of keys and assigns a unique key to each client. Then all clients cooperatively train the global adaptive network and meta prompt with the local datasets and the frozen keys. Ultimately, the global aggregation model can assign a personalized prompt to CLIP based on the domain features of each test sample. We perform extensive experiments on two multi-domain image classification datasets across two different settings -- supervised and unsupervised. The results show that FedAPT can achieve better performance with less than 10\% of the number of parameters of the fully trained model, and the global model can perform well in diverse client domains simultaneously. The source code is available at \url{https://github.com/leondada/FedAPT}.
Trichostrongylus colubriformis extract upregulates TNF‐α receptor expression and enhances TNF‐α sensitivity of L929 cells (2000)

Many pathogens have developed strategies to avoid the host's immune system and hence improve their long-term survival. These strategies include antigenic variation, mimicry of host regulatory proteins and production of immunoregulatory molecules. The ruminant gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis produces several factors with homology to human immunoregulatory proteins. However, direct immunomodulation by T. colubriformis proteins has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated. Results in the present paper demonstrate that soluble T. colubriformis factors promote proliferation of the TNF-susceptible mouse fibrosarcoma cell line L929, while inhibiting proliferation of all other cell types tested. In addition, T. colubriformis homogenate enhanced the susceptibility of L929 cells to the cytotoxic action of ovine TNF-alpha. Within 1 h of exposure, T. colubriformis factors bind L929 cells in a stable fashion, yet it takes up to 24 h for the cells to become sensitised to TNF-alpha. Interestingly, the increase of both TNF-alpha sensitivity and proliferation of treated L929 cells correlated with an upregulation in expression of TNF-alpha p55 and p75 receptors.
Silicon Micromachined Device Testing by Infrared Low-Coherence Reflectometry (2015)

With the development of silicon micromachining technologies, non-contact measurement techniques for in-depth non-destructive inspection of layered and microstructured samples are becoming increasingly relevant. In this paper, we apply optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) to detect the optical path between the interfaces of several silicon devices with characteristic distance in the range 3-17 μm. The implemented configuration is based on a fiberoptic Michelson interferometer that exploits infrared broadband radiation in the wavelength range of 1.2-1.7 μm, with coherence length shorter than 2 μm, for performing spot tomographic measurements. OLCR enabled out-of-plane measurements on a MEMS linear accelerometer and in-plane measurements on vertical periodic silicon/air microstructures. The optical distance between hidden interfaces was found well in agreement with the design parameters.
MAX Phases: Properties of Machinable Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (2013)

INTRODUCTION Introduction History of the MAX Phases STRUCTURE, BONDING, AND DEFECTS Introduction Atom Coordinates, Stacking Sequences, and Polymorphic Transformations Lattice Parameters, Bond Lengths, and Interlayer Thicknesses Theoretical Considerations To Be or Not to Be Distortion of Octahedra and Trigonal Prisms Solid Solutions Defects Summary and Conclusions ELASTIC PROPERTIES, RAMAN AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Introduction Elastic Constants Young's Modulus and Shear Modulus Poisson's Ratios Bulk Moduli Extrema in Elastic Properties Effect of Temperature on Elastic Properties Raman Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Summary and Conclusions THERMAL PROPERTIES Introduction Thermal Conductivities Atomic Displacement Parameters Heat Capacities Thermal Expansion Thermal Stability Summary and Conclusions ELECTRONIC, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES Introduction Electrical Resistivities, Hall Coefficients, and Magnetoresistances Seebeck Coefficients, Theta Optical Properties Magnetic Properties Superconducting Properties Summary and Conclusions OXIDATION AND REACTIVITY WITH OTHER GASES Introduction Ti3SiC2 Tin+1AlXn Solid Solutions between Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2 Cr2AlC Nb2AlC and (Ti0.5,Nb0.5)2AlC Ti2SC V2AlC and (Ti0.5,V0.5)2AlC Ti3GeC2 and Ti3(Si,Ge)C2 Ta2AlC Ti2SnC, Nb2SnC, and Hf2SnC Ti2InC, Zr2InC, (Ti0.5, Hf0.5)2InC, and (Ti0.5,Zr0.5)2InC Sulfur Dioxide, SO2 Anhydrous Hydrofluoric, HF, Gas Chlorine Gas Summary and Conclusions Appendix CHEMICAL REACTIVITY Introduction Diffusivitiy of M and A Atoms Reactions with Si, C, Metals, and Intermetallics Reactions with Molten Salts Reactions with Common Acids and Bases Summary and Conclusions DISLOCATIONS, KINKING NONLINEAR ELASTICITY, AND DAMPING Introduction Dislocations and Their Arrangements Kink Band Formation in Crystalline Solids Incipient Kink Bands Microscale Model for Kinking Nonlinear Elasticity Experimental Verification of the IKB Model Effect of Porosity Experimental Evidence for IKBs Why Microcracking Cannot Explain Kinking Nonlinear Elasticity The Preisach - Mayergoyz Model Damping Nonlinear Dynamic Effects Summary and Conclusions MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Introduction Response of Quasi-Single Crystals to Compressive Loads Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Compressive Stresses Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Shear Stresses Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Flexure Stresses Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Tensile Stresses Hardness Fracture Toughness and R-Curve Behavior Fatigue Resistance Damage Tolerance Micromechanisms Responsible for High K1c, R-Curve Behavior, and Fatigue Response Thermal Sock Resistance Strain Rate Effects Solid Solution Hardening and Softeing Machinability Summary and Conclusions MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: HIGH TEMPERATURES Introduction Plastic Anisotropy, Internal Stresses, and Deformation Mechanisms Creep Response to Other Stress States Summary and Conclusions EPILOGUE Outstanding Scientific Questions MAX Phase Potential Applications Forming Processes and Sintering Outstanding Technological Issues Some Final Comments INDEX
Yin Yang 1 Modulates Taxane Response in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2009)

Survival of ovarian cancer patients is largely dictated by their response to chemotherapy, which depends on underlying molecular features of the malignancy. We previously identified YIN YANG 1 (YY1) as a gene whose expression is positively correlated with ovarian cancer survival. Herein, we investigated the mechanistic basis of this association. Epigenetic and genetic characteristics of YY1 in serous epithelial ovarian cancer were analyzed along with YY1 mRNA and protein. Patterns of gene expression in primary serous epithelial ovarian cancer and in the NCI60 database were investigated using computational methods. YY1 function and modulation of chemotherapeutic response in vitro was studied using small interfering RNA knockdown. Microarray analysis showed strong positive correlation between expression of YY1 and genes with YY1 and transcription factor E2F binding motifs in ovarian cancer and in the NCI60 cancer cell lines. Clustering of microarray data for these genes revealed that high YY1/E2F3 activity positively correlates with survival of patients treated with the microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel. Increased sensitivity to taxanes, but not to DNA cross-linking platinum agents, was also characteristic of NCI60 cancer cell lines with a high YY1/E2F signature. YY1 knockdown in ovarian cancer cell lines results in inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, motility, and proliferation but also increases resistance to taxanes, with no effect on cisplatin sensitivity. These results, together with the prior demonstration of augmentation of microtubule-related genes by E2F3, suggest that enhanced taxane sensitivity in tumors with high YY1/E2F activity may be mediated by modulation of putative target genes with microtubule function.
PhIP-Seq uncovers novel autoantibodies and unique endotypes in interstitial lung disease (2023)

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can develop in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Establishing autoimmunity in ILD impacts prognosis and treatment. ILD patients are screened for autoimmunity by assaying for anti-nuclear autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors and other non-specific tests. However, this approach has not been rigorously validated and may miss autoimmunity that manifests as autoantibodies to tissue antigens not previously defined in ILD. Here, we use Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) to conduct a large, multi-center unbiased autoantibody discovery screen of ILD patients and controls. PhIP-Seq identified 17 novel autoreactive targets, and machine learning classifiers derived from these targets discriminated ILD serum from controls. Among these 17 candidates, we validated Cadherin Related Family Member 5 (CDHR5) as an autoantigen and found CDHR5 autoantibodies in patients with rheumatologic disorders and importantly, subjects not previously diagnosed with autoimmunity. Lung tissue of CDHR5 autoreactive patients showed transcriptional profiles consistent with activation of NFκB signaling and upregulation of chitotriosidase (CHIT1), a molecular pathway linked to fibrosis. Our study shows PhIP-Seq uncovers novel autoantibodies in ILD patients not revealed by standard clinical tests. Furthermore, CDHR5 autoantibodies may define a novel molecular endotype of ILD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.
Laser operation of Tm:Ho:GdVO4 (1994)

Using vanadate as host for the thulium sensitised 2-μm holmium transition offers several advantages over YAG. As shown in Fig. 1, the vanadate absorption is considerably stronger, broader, and closer to 809 rm, the standard wavelength for high power diode lasers, than YAG. The S polarised absorption spectrum has a maximum at 979 nm of α = 19.1 cm -1 and a FWHM of 7 nm. Pump wavelength dependence is therefore reduced and crystals with lengths under 1 mm can be used. High numerical aperture pump beams can be used as the energy is deposited before the beam can diverge out of the resonator mode, severely reducing the collimation requirements of the diode coupling optics.
TGR5 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis in rodents with polycystic liver diseases through cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Gαs signaling (2017)

TGR5 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis by increasing cAMP and enhancing cholangiocyte proliferation; our data suggest that a TGR5 antagonist alone or concurrently with somatostatin receptor agonists represents a potential therapeutic approach in polycystic liver disease. (Hepatology 2017;66:1197-1218).
Hyposmia Following Laryngectomy: Experimental Model (2002)

Hyposmia following laryngectomy is a well-known clinical observation, yet the causes have been controversial for many years. In an attempt to resolve this issue, an animal model was constructed. Eighteen dogs were divided into three equal groups: control dogs, dogs that underwent tracheostomy, and dogs that underwent tracheostomy and denervation of the larynx, simulating total laryngectomy. Four to 6 months following these operations, biopsies from olfactory mucosa were taken. The results showed marked changes in the olfactory mucosa of the two test groups: cystic degeneration of secretory glands in the olfactory mucosa of the first group and involution of the olfactory mucosa, substituted by dense connective tissue and "ballooning" of olfactory nerve fibres in the second group. These findings suggest that the changes in olfactory mucosa are not only caused by a loss of nasal airway but also the existence of a neurologic connecting network between the vagus nerve and the olfactory cortex.
Transforming youth mental health services and supports in Ireland (2011)

Effective change initiatives require vision and leadership, competence- and capacity-building, participative planning and engagement, adequate and thoughtfully deployed resources, and a comprehensive change management approach.
Microdosimetry and physiological effects of millimeter wave irradiation in isolated neural ganglion preparation (2013)

Possible effects of millimeter waves (MMWs) on biological objects becomes an increasingly important issue due to development of technologies for telecommunication, telemedicine and security/military applications operating at this extremely high radiofrequency band. Specifically, the safety limits of MMW irradiation of neuronal tissue need to be evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the thermal and physiological effects of MMWs on the neural ganglia isolated from the leech. The initial results indicate that low-intensity MMWs can partially suppress the neuronal activity at relatively low levels of applied MMW power density, with associated sub-1°C heating of the ganglion. Further studies are underway to determine if altered conductivity through the membrane channels might be responsible for the observed effects.
Investigation of Calcified Coronary Plaque Tracking in Cardiac CT (2006)

This paper illustrates two implementations of an algorithm for tracking the movements of small high contrast structures such as calcified coronary plaques over advancing temporal phases in cardiac CT. The algorithm is based on integrating concepts of image reconstruction and image segmentation. The essential difference between the two implementations of this algorithm is that the first uses the chord-based backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm for image reconstruction, and the second uses a weighted filtered backprojection (WFBP) algorithm, which incorporates an explicit short-scan weighting function.
A live-cell assay for the real-time assessment of extracellular ATP levels (2021)

Extracellular ATP (eATP) is a potent damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule known to exert profound effects on the innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, it has become an important biomarker for studying means to pro-actively modulate inflammatory processes. Unfortunately, traditional methodologies employed for measuring eATP require cumbersome supernatant sampling, onerous time courses, or unnecessary duplication of effort. Here we describe a new reagent that is tolerable to test cells in extended exposures and enables a fully homogeneous assay method for real-time determinations of extracellular ATP levels. The reagent is introduced into assay plates containing cells at the time of stimulus introduction. The real-time feature of the format allows for sensitive, continuous accounting of eATP levels in the test model over at least 24 h. This work details our efforts to create and characterize this new reagent and to validate utility by demonstrating its use with multiple cell lines and chemically diverse eATP induction stimuli.