gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
6D Object Pose Estimation Algorithm Using Preprocessing of Segmentation and Keypoint Extraction (2020)

In this paper we will explain a 6D (x, y, z, yaw, pitch, roll) object pose estimation algorithm. The point cloud based template matching method is used to solve this problem. To reduce the complexity of this task, two preprocessing methods are performed. The first method of preprocessing is a 2D/2.5D object detector for scene point cloud segmentation. The second is a point cloud based keypoint extractor which is used for the template point cloud. In order to improve the performance of the preprocessing, an encoder is used. By using the encoder three geometric features (local point density, difference of normal and curvature) are extracted. The features and raw data (RGB-D and point cloud) are combined into the encoded multimodal data. Finally, the experiments show the improvement of object pose estimation. Meanwhile in contrast to difference of normal and curvature, local point density is the optimal feature to perform scene point cloud segmentation.
Molecular orbital theory: An introductory lecture note and reprint volume (1965)

These notes are based on lectures on molecular orbital theory that we have presented at the University of Copenhagen and Columbia University. They were designed primarily for advanced-undergraduate and first-year graduate students as an introduction to molecular orbital theory. &#13;\n&#13;\nIt is apparent that the molecular orbital theory is a very useful method of classifying the ground and excited states of small molecules. The transition metal complexes occupy a special place here, and the last chapter is devoted entirely to this subject. We believe that modern inorganic chemists should be acquainted with the methods of the theory, and that they will find approximate one-electron calculations as helpful as the organic chemists have found simple Hückel calculations. For this reason, we have included a calculation of the permanganate ion in Chapter 8. On the other hand, we have not considered conjugated pi systems because they are excellently discussed in a number of books. &#13;\n&#13;\nOur intuitive approach in the use of symmetry methods is admittedly nonrigorous and therefore will be unsatisfactory to purists, but we believe this is the best way to introduce symmetry ideas to the majority of students. Once the student has learned how to use symmetry methods, it will be easier for him to appreciate more formal and rigorous treatments. &#13;\n&#13;\nSeveral reprints of papers on molecular orbital theory are included in the back of the book. The papers treat a substantial number of the important molecular geometries. The reader should be able to follow the discussions after reading through the lecture notes. &#13;\n&#13;\nWe thank our colleagues in New York and Copenhagen for help with the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. Arlen Viste and Mr. Harold Basch in preparing Appendix 8-B. Finally, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the expert assistance of Mrs. Diane Celeste in preparing the final manuscript.&#13;\n&#13;\nC. J. BALLHAUSEN, Kobenhavn&#13;\nHARRY B. GRAY, New York&#13;\nOctober 1964
Deep learning-enabled breast cancer hormonal receptor status determination from base-level H&E stains (2020)

For newly diagnosed breast cancer, estrogen receptor status (ERS) is a key molecular marker used for prognosis and treatment decisions. During clinical management, ERS is determined by pathologists from immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of biopsied tissue for the targeted receptor, which highlights the presence of cellular surface antigens. This is an expensive, time-consuming process which introduces discordance in results due to variability in IHC preparation and pathologist subjectivity. In contrast, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining-which highlights cellular morphology-is quick, less expensive, and less variable in preparation. Here we show that machine learning can determine molecular marker status, as assessed by hormone receptors, directly from cellular morphology. We develop a multiple instance learning-based deep neural network that determines ERS from H&E-stained whole slide images (WSI). Our algorithm-trained strictly with WSI-level annotations-is accurate on a varied, multi-country dataset of 3,474 patients, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 for sensitivity and specificity. Our approach has the potential to augment clinicians' capabilities in cancer prognosis and theragnosis by harnessing biological signals imperceptible to the human eye.
Signal generation schemes for millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system based on heterodyned unlocked light sources and RF homodyned receiver (2010)

Two millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber signal-generation schemes are demonstrated by heterodyning unlocked-lasers and homodyning the detected RF-carrier to cancel phase-noise effects at baseband. The proposed schemes avoid phase/frequency locking, high-speed modulators and local-oscillators at CS and BSs.
A Fully-Automated Pipeline for Detection and Segmentation of Liver Lesions and Pathological Lymph Nodes (2017)

We propose a fully-automated method for accurate and robust detection and segmentation of potentially cancerous lesions found in the liver and in lymph nodes. The process is performed in three steps, including organ detection, lesion detection and lesion segmentation. Our method applies machine learning techniques such as marginal space learning and convolutional neural networks, as well as active contour models. The method proves to be robust in its handling of extremely high lesion diversity. We tested our method on volumetric computed tomography (CT) images, including 42 volumes containing liver lesions and 86 volumes containing 595 pathological lymph nodes. Preliminary results under 10-fold cross validation show that for both the liver lesions and the lymph nodes, a total detection sensitivity of 0.53 and average Dice score of $0.71 \pm 0.15$ for segmentation were obtained.
Colour Image Gradient Regression Reintegration (2018)

Suppose we process an image and alter the image gradients in each colour channel R,G,B. Typically the two new x and y component fields p,q will be only an approximation of a gradient and hence will be nonintegrable. Thus one is faced with the problem of reintegrating the resulting pair back to image, rather than derivative of image, values. This can be done in a variety of ways, usually involving some form of Poisson solver. Here, in the case of image sequences or video, we introduce a new method of reintegration, based on regression from gradients of log-images. The strength of this idea is that not only are Poisson reintegration artifacts eliminated, but also we can carry out the regression applied to only thumbnail images. The novel approach here is to regress derivatives (using only thumbnails) and then replace reintegration itself by the much simpler use of the resulting regression coefficients on non-derivative, full-size images. We investigate the utility of the method by applying it to the intrinsic-image problem as a first test, and then also to the night-to-day problem as a second test. We find that the new algorithm performs well, and is fast. Moreover eliminating Poisson artifacts results in clearer, more sharp output images that can show far less ghosting.
Large-scale application of formal verification: from fiction to fact (2010)

Formal verification has matured considerably as a verification discipline in the past couple of decades, becoming a mainstream technology in industrial design and verification methodologies and processes. In this paper we chronicle the evolution of formal verification at IBM from being a specialized side activity with a narrow focus, to achieving a broad-based usage as a core verification technology helping to significantly improve design and verification productivity. We showcase what is possible in the application of formal verification in a commercial/industrial setting by highlighting the success we had in leveraging the technology extensively on IBM's POWER7™ microprocessor and systems. We touch upon the methodology and execution aspects of the unprecedented use of formal verification on the POWER7 program, and depict ways in which the technology positively impacted pre-silicon design quality and facilitated root causing of bug escapes to silicon. Furthermore, we outline where we see applied formal verification evolving towards at IBM, and the challenges thereof.
Identification of a small molecule that selectively inhibits alpha-synuclein translational expression (2011)

Alpha-synuclein is a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative alpha-synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most prevalent movement disorder in humans. Evidence suggests that misregulation of alpha-synuclein translation plays a clear role in the pathology of this disease. Consequently, our therapeutic strategy is to limit alpha-synuclein translation. We report the outcome of a high-throughput chemical library screen to identify novel, nontoxic, and selective small-molecule inhibitors of alpha-synuclein expression, which will aid the development of therapies for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Of the 303,224-screened compounds, 36 hits were identified as inhibitors of alpha-synuclein expression and subsequently validated to confirm their inhibitory activity and selectivity. One of these compounds (ML150) displayed greater than 200-fold selective inhibition of alpha-synuclein expression compared with a related system and is inactive in a control system at the highest tested dose. Our results indicate that ML150 has a drug-like structure with no obvious chemical liabilities, excellent solubility, and stability in aqueous conditions. This new probe should be very useful in future cell-based investigations and in vivo studies of alpha-synuclein expression inhibition.
A Simple Approach of Combined Passive and Active Shimming for In Vivo MR Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Field (2006)

High magnetic fields increase are advantageous for MRS, since sensitivity and spectral dispersion are increased, however, spectral peaks are also broadened in vivo due to stronger susceptibility-induced effects. The shim requirements on our 7T monkey system exceeded the capabilities for active shimming tenfold, which were overcome by the optimized combination of passive and active shimming. Simple ferro-shim geometries of only two pieces per shim term were numerically optimized to generate the second order spherical harmonic shim fields. The removal of large scale field inhomogeneities was achieved by mounting the ferro-shims on a cylinder surface that surrounded the monkey head and the RF coils. Subsequently, high accuracy adjustment of the active shims was done with FASTMAP. The experimental effort for the passive shimming was acceptable, the shimming was reproducible between sessions; no eddy current or spike artifacts were introduced. The presented methods are of high practical relevance for shimming on high field systems and/or shimming of anatomical regions which inherently require high shim fields.
Clinical Findings of Anterior Segment Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images in Cytomegalovirus Corneal Endotheliitis (2016)

The anterior segment SD-OCT examination represents a useful noninvasive alternative to diagnose and monitor CMV corneal endotheliitis.
Supplementary Table 1 from Therapeutic Efficacy of an Fc-Enhanced TCR-like Antibody to the Intracellular WT1 Oncoprotein (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 38KB, Histopathologic report from ESKM- or isotype control human IgG1-treated HLA-A*02:01+ transgenic mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Reinvestigation of the Effect of Heat Pretreatment of Corn Fiber and Corn Germ on the Levels of Extractable Tocopherols and Tocotrienols (2006)

We previously reported that heat pretreatment of corn fiber (150 degrees C, 1 h) caused a tenfold increase in the levels of extractable gamma-tocopherol. The current study was a reinvestigation of the previous effect, using improved methods (HPLC with fluorescence detection, diode-array UV detection, and mass spectrometry) for tocol analysis. Heat pretreatment did not cause an increase in the levels of any of the tocopherols or tocotrienols in corn fiber oil, but lowered the levels of three of the tocols and had no effect on the levels of the other two tocols. Heat pretreatment of corn germ had a similar effect. UV and mass spectra indicated that the peak that we had identified as gamma-tocopherol in our previous report was probably a mixture of oxidation products of triacylglycerols. Thus, heat treatment of corn germ or other corn-oil containing fractions at high temperatures leads to decreases in gamma-tocopherol, gamma-tocotrienol, and delta-tocotrienol and to the production of triacylglycerol oxidation products.
Sensing CO2 in a chemically modified porous silicon film (2003)

An inexpensive and compact carbon dioxide sensor based on a porous silicon (PS) film modified with 3-amino-1-propanol has been demonstrated. The modifying reaction as well as the interaction of carbon dioxide with the PS amine-terminated surface has been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optical reflectivity spectra of PS modified layers display shifts in the Fabry–Perot fringes upon adsorption of carbon dioxide. This shift scales with the CO2 concentration.
A genome-wide linkage study of autism spectrum disorder and the broad autism phenotype in extended pedigrees (2019)

Abstract Background Although several genetic variants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have now been identified, these largely occur sporadically or are de novo. Much less progress has been made in identifying inherited variants, even though the disorder itself is familial in the majority of cases. The objective of this study was to identify chromosomal regions that harbor inherited variants increasing the risk for ASD using an approach that examined both ASD and the broad autism phenotype (BAP) among a unique sample of extended pedigrees. Methods ASD and BAP were assessed using standardized tools in 28 pedigrees from Canada and the USA, each with at least three ASD-diagnosed individuals from two nuclear families. Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed using the posterior probability of linkage (PPL) statistic, a quasi-Bayesian method that provides strength of evidence for or against linkage in an essentially model-free manner, with outcomes on the probability scale. Results The results confirm appreciable interfamilial heterogeneity as well as a high level of intrafamilial heterogeneity. Both ASD and combined ASD/BAP specific loci are apparent. Conclusions Inclusion of subclinical phenotypes such as BAP should be more widely employed in genetic studies of ASD as a way of identifying inherited genetic variants for the disorder. Moreover, the results underscore the need for approaches to identifying genetic risk factors in extended pedigrees that are robust to high levels of inter/intrafamilial locus and allelic heterogeneity.
Simple interferometric fringe stabilization by CCD-based feedback control (2003)

A method for producing stabilized interference patterns for interference lithography utilizing a CCD camera as the detector element is described. Intensity data obtained from the CCD element is filtered in software to minimize speckle and detector noise effects as well as determine the relative phase of the interfering beams.
Switching block studies, network performance evaluation and traffic engineering for ATM (1994)

Abstract This paper summarizes the work done in RACE project 1022 “Technology for ATD” on performance studies of ATM switching block architectures and the studies on network performance within a small ATM network, the so called RACE ATD Technology Testbed (RATT). The aim of the studies was to investigate the behaviour of a typical ATM network under nominal load. By using the tromboning links in the RATT we were also able to study long distance connections even in the limited size of the RATT network. Special attention has been given to define a traffic scenario which can also be set up for the planned experiments. The goal of the planned experiments is to validate the performance results predicted in our studies.
Archaeosomes based on synthetic tetraether-like lipids as novel versatile gene delivery systems (2007)

Novel cationic liposomes, termed "archaeosomes", based on mixtures of neutral/cationic bilayer-forming lipids and archaeobacterial synthetic tetraether-type bipolar lipids show efficient in vitro gene transfection properties and represent a new approach for modulating the lipidic membrane fluidity of the complexes they form with DNA.
Rectus Femoris Distal Tendon Resection Improves Knee Motion in Patients With Spastic Diplegia (2011)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Conditioning and Future Plans for a Multi-purpose 805 MHz Pillbox Cavity\n for Muon Acceleration (2013)

An 805 MHz RF pillbox cavity has been designed and constructed to investigate\npotential muon beam acceleration and cooling techniques for a Muon Collider or\nNeutrino Factory. The cavity can operate in vacuum or under pressure to 100\natmospheres, at room temperature or in a liquid nitrogen bath at 77 K. The\ncavity has been designed for easy assembly and disassembly with bolted\nconstruction using aluminum seals. To perform vacuum and high pressure\nbreakdown studies of materials and geometries most suitable for the collider or\nfactory, the surfaces of the end walls of the cavity can be replaced with\ndifferent materials such as copper, aluminum, beryllium, or molybdenum, and\nwith different geometries such as shaped windows or grid structures. The cavity\nhas been designed to fit inside the 5-Tesla solenoid in the MuCool Test Area at\nFermilab. In this paper we present the vacuum conditioning results and discuss\nplans for testing in a 5-Tesla magnetic field. Additionally, we discuss the\ntesting plan for beryllium (a material research has shown to be ideal for the\ncollider or factory) end walls.\n
Does lean imply green? (2012)

The presence of software bloat in large flexible software systems can hurt energy efficiency. However, identifying and mitigating bloat is fairly effort intensive. To enable such efforts to be directed where there is a substantial potential for energy savings, we investigate the impact of bloat on power consumption under different situations. We conduct the first systematic experimental study of the joint power-performance implications of bloat across a range of hardware and software configurations on modern server platforms. The study employs controlled experiments to expose different effects of a common type of Java runtime bloat, excess temporary objects, in the context of the SPECPower_ssj2008 workload. We introduce the notion of equi-performance power reduction to characterize the impact, in addition to peak power comparisons. The results show a wide variation in energy savings from bloat reduction across these configurations. Energy efficiency benefits at peak performance tend to be most pronounced when bloat affects a performance bottleneck and non-bloated resources have low energy-proportionality. Equi-performance power savings are highest when bloated resources have a high degree of energy proportionality. We develop an analytical model that establishes a general relation between resource pressure caused by bloat and its energy efficiency impact under different conditions of resource bottlenecks and energy proportionality. Applying the model to different "what-if" scenarios, we predict the impact of bloat reduction and corroborate these predictions with empirical observations. Our work shows that the prevalent software-only view of bloat is inadequate for assessing its power-performance impact and instead provides a full systems approach for reasoning about its implications.
Creation of oral care flavours to deliver breath‐freshening benefits (2005)

Products flavoured using these rules delivered significantly greater breath freshening at 2 h than control products, and equivalent benefits to products containing 0.1% (w/w) triclosan or 0.2% (w/w) zinc sulphate.
Isolation and characterization of a prokaryotic sulfurtransferase. (1987)

A sulfurtransferase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from the prokaryote Acinetobacter calcoaceticus lwoffi by conventional protein fractionation techniques. Steady-state kinetic studies of the enzyme revealed that its formal mechanism varies with the acceptor substrate employed. With inorganic thiosulfate as the sulfane sulfur-donor substrate and cyanide anion as the acceptor, the enzyme was shown to catalyze the reaction by a double displacement mechanism like that of mammalian rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1). In contrast, with a thiol as the acceptor substrate at relatively high concentrations, the reaction proceeds by a single displacement mechanism, reminiscent of catalysis by another sulfur-transferase, thiosulfate reductase, glutathione-dependent (EC 2.8.1.3). When dithiothreitol is the acceptor substrate, the enzyme cycles through both the single and double displacement pathways, with the flux through each depending differentially on the concentration of dithiothreitol employed. In view of both the relaxed acceptor substrate specificity and the corresponding variability of formal mechanism, the more general name of sulfane sulfurtransferase is proposed for this bacterial enzyme.
An ICI reduction scheme for OFDM system with phase noise over fading channels (2008)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing has become a key element of todays wireless communication systems. However, its sensitivity to oscillator phase noise is responsible for common phase error (CPE) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) which greatly degrades the overall system performance. In this contribution, we address the problem of reducing the effects of phase noise in an OFDM system operating over a frequency selective fading channel. We propose a method for jointly estimating the channel and CPE in a first step and removing ICI in a second step, using a power series expansion of the phase noise process. The algorithm is simulated on both coded and uncoded systems with phase noise over a fading channel.
Improvement of L1 Signaling Performance for DVB-T2 Using Optimized Two-Dimensional Non-Uniform Constellations (2015)

In this paper, we focus on the potential enhancements of the DVB-T2 signaling (L1Post) by the use of newly designed Two-Dimensional Non-Uniform Constellations (2D-NUC). We Base our design on the optimization of the Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) capacity, the designed constellations provide a potential performance improvement of 0.55 dB for the overall DVB-T2 signaling performance in high order constellations for the case of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Slightly lower gains are obtained for the Rayleigh Channel. This gain can be used for reducing the required transmit power or for increasing the signaling bit rate. All carried out analyses are based on the DVB-T2 system specification simulation.
Numerical Analysis of the Motion of a Bubble Using MAC Method. (1993)

The MAC (Marker and Cell) method was applied to simulate a single rising bubble, in order to investigate the possibility of direct simulation of the motion and shape of a bubble. Bubble shapes and terminal velocities predicted from axially symmetric two-dimensional calculation were compared with the experimental data summarized by Grace et al. Except for the one case in which the bubble shape differed most from a sphere, the MAC method could predict motion and shape under wide ranges of Eotvos numbers and Morton numbers. Finally, the departure of a bubble including bubble splitting from a wall is analyzed, and detailed behavior of the bubble and single phase heat transfer was obtained. It is found that use of the MAC method could simulate the bubble motion satisfactorily, and some modification of this method will enable us to simulate nucleate boiling.