gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A-Type Heat Exchanger Simulation Using 2-D CFD for Airside Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop (2008)

A-Type heat exchangers are used to meet required heat load with minimum duct dimensions in air-conditioning applications. This greatly reduces the air-conditioning system footprint in residential and commercial applications. The angle and tube spacing of the A-type heat exchangers should be optimized for minimum duct size and maximum heat load. However, existing air side heat transfer and pressure drop correlations may not be applicable for A-type heat exchangers due to non-uniform air velocity profile and temperature distribution in the heat exchanger. In this paper, a new technique is proposed where a segment-by-segment  NTU based coil model is coupled with automated 2-D CFD simulations of air flow through the heat exchanger. The 2-D CFD simulations are used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient on each tube as well as the inlet air velocity profile on the coil face. The segmented  NTU solver calculates NTU based on the CFD calculated heat transfer coefficient on the airside, the refrigerant side heat transfer (from available correlations), and tube-fin arrangement. In the current investigations, a parametric study was performed by varying the tube pitch, row pitch and the coil angle. The proposed framework is used to automatically generate the mesh and run the 2-D double precision CFD simulations using commercial CFD tools for the different configurations. The  NTU calculations are performed using a validated segment by segment fin and tube heat exchanger model developed by the authors. The simulation results for each coil configuration were compared against the base line heat exchanger configurations. The trade-off between the heat exchanger enclosure volume and material cost is presented.
728. Baculovirus GP64 Pseudotyped Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Lentiviral Vectors Efficiently Transduce Retinal Cells In Vivo (2004)

Pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with heterlogous viral envelopes has broadened the tropism of the vectors and made the viral particles more stable. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) has been widely used for pseudotyping various lentiviral vectors because its broad tropism. However, VSV-G is cytotoxic, making it problematic to generate a packaging cell line. Progress has been made recently in finding alternative pseudotyping envelopes to VSV-G. Baculovirus GP64 has been shown to efficiently pseudotype human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based vector. Unlike VSV-G, Baculovirus GP64 is not cytotoxic and can be constitutively expressed in human cells. In this report, we generated Baculovirus GP64 pseudotyped bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) based vectors and tested the vectors in vitro and in vivo. The results show that (1) baculovirus GP64 pseudotyped BIV vectors are stable and achieve similar titer as VSV-G pseudotyped vectors, (2) the vectors efficiently transduce non-dividing cells in vitro and rat retinal pigment epithelial cells in vivo. Our results suggest the baculovirus pseudotyped BIV vectors are useful for ocular gene therapy with retinal epithelial cells as targets.
Traveling Wave Tubes (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Traveling‐Wave Tube Principal Components Basic Field Theory Traveling‐Wave Tube Computer Modeling Future Trends
Photoinduced Reorientation of Azo Dyes Bonded to Polyurethane Studied by Polarized FT-IR Spectroscopy (2001)

A large photoinduced anisotropy ratio was observed in the push−pull azo dyes bonded covalently to polyurethane by polarized UV−vis spectroscopy. During irradiation with an Ar+ laser, the absorbance perpendicular to the polarization direction of the laser light increases gradually even when the photoisomerization rate of trans to cis forms is equal to the reisomerization rate of cis to trans forms. The trans molecules are considered to reorient during the trans−cis−trans isomerization cycles. The process of photoinduced reorientation was also observed by polarized FT-IR spectroscopy. The dynamic behavior of trans and cis isomers is discussed in terms of orientation factors evaluated using the absorbance of some IR vibrational bands. The values of orientation factors for the trans and the cis isomers vary with irradiation time due to the reorientation. The reorientation process for the cis molecules was found to be essential to the reorientation for the trans molecules. On the other hand, according to the result of no variation of absorbance for the CO group in urethane main chain, the urethane main chain may not move together with azo moieties by polarized light irradiation.
The complexity of backtrack searches (1985)

In this paper, we study the complexity of finding an efficient search for combinatorial problems which are commonly solved by backtracking. First, a formalism is introduced. Backtrack searches are ordinarily thought of as following a tree pattern. Our model is considerably more general, and there are problems where this allows much shorter searches.
All-optical control of exciton flow in a colloidal quantum well complex (2020)

Excitonics, an alternative to romising for processing information since semiconductor electronics is rapidly approaching the end of Moore's law. Currently, the development of excitonic devices, where exciton flow is controlled, is mainly focused on electric-field modulation or exciton polaritons in high-Q cavities. Here, we show an all-optical strategy to manipulate the exciton flow in a binary colloidal quantum well complex through mediation of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by stimulated emission. In the spontaneous emission regime, FRET naturally occurs between a donor and an acceptor. In contrast, upon stronger excitation, the ultrafast consumption of excitons by stimulated emission effectively engineers the excitonic flow from the donors to the acceptors. Specifically, the acceptors' stimulated emission significantly accelerates the exciton flow, while the donors' stimulated emission almost stops this process. On this basis, a FRET-coupled rate equation model is derived to understand the controllable exciton flow using the density of the excited donors and the unexcited acceptors. The results will provide an effective all-optical route for realizing excitonic devices under room temperature operation.
Stateless IPv6 Prefix Delegation for IPv6 enabled networks (2010)

This document describes an automatic and stateless IPv6 prefix
delegation solution for IPv6-only networks. The solution builds on
automatic delegation mechanism defined by 6RD, but is suitable for
IPv6-only networks, including those that have not deployed stateful
DHCPv6. The described stateless approach essentially exchanges the
complexity of the stateful approach to consumption of IPv6 address
space and more statical properties.
Identification of new GLUT2-selective inhibitors through in silico ligand screening and validation in eukaryotic expression systems (2021)

Glucose is an essential energy source for cells. In humans, its passive diffusion through the cell membrane is facilitated by members of the glucose transporter family (GLUT, SLC2 gene family). GLUT2 transports both glucose and fructose with low affinity and plays a critical role in glucose sensing mechanisms. Alterations in the function or expression of GLUT2 are involved in the Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, diabetes, and cancer. Distinguishing GLUT2 transport in tissues where other GLUTs coexist is challenging due to the low affinity of GLUT2 for glucose and fructose and the scarcity of GLUT-specific modulators. By combining in silico ligand screening of an inward-facing conformation model of GLUT2 and glucose uptake assays in a hexose transporter-deficient yeast strain, in which the GLUT1-5 can be expressed individually, we identified eleven new GLUT2 inhibitors (IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 0.61 to 19.3 µM). Among them, nine were GLUT2-selective, one inhibited GLUT1-4 (pan-Class I GLUT inhibitor), and another inhibited GLUT5 only. All these inhibitors dock to the substrate cavity periphery, close to the large cytosolic loop connecting the two transporter halves, outside the substrate-binding site. The GLUT2 inhibitors described here have various applications; GLUT2-specific inhibitors can serve as tools to examine the pathophysiological role of GLUT2 relative to other GLUTs, the pan-Class I GLUT inhibitor can block glucose entry in cancer cells, and the GLUT2/GLUT5 inhibitor can reduce the intestinal absorption of fructose to combat the harmful effects of a high-fructose diet.
TOXICITY AND BIOCONCENTRATION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN AND 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN IN RAINBOW TROUT (1988)

Among the most toxic isomers of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, two groups of toxic aromatic compounds, are 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF). We examined the chronic toxicity of these compounds to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The fish (0.38 ± 0.09 g) were continuously exposed in an intermittent-flow proportional diluter for 28 d to 0, 38, 79, 176, 382, and 789 pg TCDD/L (parts per quadrillion) or to 0, 0.41, 0.90, 1.79, 3.93, and 8.78 ng TCDF/L (parts per trillion); exposures to each chemical were followed by a 28-d depuration phase. TCDD had significant effects on survival, growth, and behavior during the exposure and depuration phases. The no observed effect concentration was lower than the lowest exposure concentration of 38 pg/L. The average measured BCF at 28 days was 26,707. The estimated bioconcentration factor at steady-state equilibrium was 39,000 in the lowest exposure concentration where fish were least affected. TCDF, like TCDD, induced similar effects on survival, growth and behavior. The no observed effect concentration, based on survival, was 1.79 ng/L; that based on growth was 0.41 ng/L. The measured bioconcentration factor was 6,049 in fish exposed to 0.41 ng/L, and 2,455 in fish exposed to 3.93 ng/L for 28 d.
Quantifying neural information content: A case study of the impact of hippocampal adult neurogenesis (2016)

Through various means of structural and synaptic plasticity enabling online learning, neural networks are constantly reconfiguring their computational functionality. Neural information content is embodied within the configurations, representations, and computations of neural networks. To explore neural information content, we have developed metrics and computational paradigms to quantify neural information content. We have observed that conventional compression methods may help overcome some of the limiting factors of standard information theoretic techniques employed in neuroscience, and allows us to approximate information in neural data. To do so we have used compressibility as a measure of complexity in order to estimate entropy to quantitatively assess information content of neural ensembles. Using Lempel-Ziv compression we are able to assess the rate of generation of new patterns across a neural ensemble's firing activity over time to approximate the information content encoded by a neural circuit. As a specific case study, we have been investigating the effect of neural mixed coding schemes due to hippocampal adult neurogenesis.
Recent advances in vapor-anode, multi-tube, alkali metal thermal-to-electric conversion cells for space power (1998)

This paper reviewed the advances made in the technology of vapor-anode, multi-tube AMTEC cells in recent years. A number of individual cells have been tested successfully in vacuum. One cell (PX-3A) has operated continuously for 4,500 hrs, producing 4.7 W e at 1.9 V and an efficiency of 14.2%, and hot and cold side temperatures of 1173 and 623 K. A number of design changes have been made and others have been identified for future cells, for meeting the requirements of NASA's Pluto/Express mission (∼8.2 W e at 3.5 V).
Deconstructing tumor heterogeneity: the stromal perspective (2020)

Significant advances have been made towards understanding the role of immune cell-tumor interplay in either suppressing or promoting tumor growth, progression, and recurrence, however, the roles of additional stromal elements, cell types and/or cell states remain ill-defined. The overarching goal of this NCI-sponsored workshop was to highlight and integrate the critical functions of non-immune stromal components in regulating tumor heterogeneity and its impact on tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. The workshop explored the opposing roles of tumor supportive <i>versus</i> suppressive stroma and how cellular composition and function may be altered during disease progression. It also highlighted microenvironment-centered mechanisms dictating indolence or aggressiveness of early lesions and how spatial geography impacts stromal attributes and function. The prognostic and therapeutic implications as well as potential vulnerabilities within the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment were also discussed. These broad topics were included in this workshop as an effort to identify current challenges and knowledge gaps in the field.
544 Multiomic characterization of T-cell populations at the single-cell level utilizing sensitive dextramers and BD® AbSeq on the BD RhapsodyTM Single-Cell Analysis system (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Adoptively transferred antigen-specific T cells have shown great efficacy in treatment of some virus-associated diseases and malignancies. A major driver of the development of adoptive T-cell therapy has been our ability to successfully characterize the functional status and antigen specificity of T cells. However, this has been limited by inefficient detection of antigen-specific T cells possibly due to their low frequency and low binding affinities to known MHC-peptide complexes. <h3>Methods</h3> Here, we aim to combine two powerful technologies, advanced dCODE™ Dextramer® from Immudex and single-cell multiomics analysis using the BD Rhapsody™ Single-Cell Analysis system, to detect and characterize disease-specific CD8+ T cells within thousands of PBMCs. <h3>Results</h3> Currently, we are able to identify over 350 mRNAs alongside a panel of over 20 BD® AbSeq cell surface protein markers which can be associated with T cell activation states. These data can be used to define T-cell phenotypes alongside antigen specificity of enriched CD8+ Dextramer(R)+ cells from a PBMC population. Conclusions his study outlines our ability for high-resolution T-cell profiling that has broader implications and utility in immuno-oncology, infectious diseases and autoimmunity. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. BD, the BD Logo, and Rhapsody are trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company or its affiliates. © 2019 BD. All rights reserved.
Table S1 from Organoid Profiling Identifies Common Responders to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 4 from A Genome-Scale RNA Interference Screen Implicates NF1 Loss in Resistance to RAF Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4 PDF file - 38K, Identification of human melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines with coincident B-RAF and NF1 mutations is associated with resistance to PLX4720. Human melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia with B-RAFV600E and NF1 mutation were identified and compared to NF1 wild-type melanoma cell lines in terms of sensitivity to PLX4720, NF1 mRNA expression, NF1 copy number alterations and NF1 mutation status. In the heat map, blue represents lower values and red represents higher values, whilst NF1 mutation status is represented as wild-type: blue, point mutation: white, potential loss-of-function mutation: red&lt;/p&gt;
RF PLASMA PROCESSING OF ULTRAFINESm-LuMIXED OXIDE POWDER (2006)

Ultrafine Sm - Lu mixed oxide powder with an overall composition Sm 1.0 Lu 1.0 O 3 was processed by inductive radio frequency plasma treatment using two different approaches: spraying a mixture of pure Sm 2 O 3 and Lu 2 O 3 with and without sintering pretreatment. Due to the insufficient reaction time and contact, the mixture sprayed without sintering shows only a marginal reaction between the two materials. Therefore, an alternative approach was adopted. The mixed oxide was first synthesized by solid state reaction at 1600°C. Then, the as-sintered pellets were crushed and ground, followed by plasma treatment. In this way, ultrafine particles of Sm 1.0 Lu 1.0 O 3 mixed oxide were obtained.
Low-cost integrated optical waveguide polarizer with an hybrid structure of birefringent polymer and ion-exchanged glass waveguide (1999)

We report on a new type of glass ion-exchanged waveguide TE polarizer using an electro-optic polymer (conjugated PMMA-DR1) overlay. The polarization function is assured by poling the polymer in the vertical direction using a Corona process. An extinction ratio of 39 dB is obtained at the wavelength of (lambda) equals 1.3 micrometer. The insertion losses of the device are in order of 7 dB. The performance of the polarizer are investigated. Our experimental investigations show a polarization efficiency over than 40 dB.
A Chromatic Aberration-Free Heterodyne Alignment for Optical Lithography (1990)

This paper describes the principle of a new alignment method (SMART) and alignment optics using an optical-heterodyne technique. This SMART dose not need to correct chromatic aberration. Therefore, it dose not require any mechanism, such as mirrors, a prism or a lens system to correct chromatic aberration for the projection lens. A pair of one-dimensional gratings for the mask mark and a checker grating for the wafer mark were used in SMART optics. The relation displacement between the mask and the wafer can be directly detected by measuring the phase difference of the heterodyne beat signals. The experimental result for the phase difference was similar to the calculation result. An alignment signal variation of less than 10 nm was obtained.
3D Segmentation in the Clinic: A Grand Challenge II - Coronary Artery Tracking (2008)

In this paper the Coronary Artery Tracking competition, which was part of the workshop: “3D Segmentation in the Clinic: A Grand Challenge II” is described. This workshopwas held during the 2008 Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) conference. An introduction is given to underline the importance of (semi-)automatic coronary artery centerline extraction methods and the advantages of an online framework facilitating a fair comparison of these methods. Furthermore, information is provided about the set-up of the workshop, the evaluation measures used and the online framework. Results for the algorithms, submitted by both industrial and academic research institutes, are presented as well.
DIFT Games: Dynamic Information Flow Tracking Games for Advanced Persistent Threats (2018)

Dynamic Information Flow Tracking (DIFT) has been proposed to detect stealthy and persistent cyber attacks that evade existing defenses such as firewalls and signature-based antivirus systems. A DIFT defense taints and tracks suspicious information flows across the network in order to identify possible attacks, at the cost of additional memory overhead for tracking non-adversarial information flows. In this paper, we present the first analytical model that describes the interaction between DIFT and adversarial information flows, including the probability that the adversary evades detection and the performance overhead of the defense. Our analytical model consists of a multi-stage game, in which each stage represents a system process through which the information flow passes. We characterize the optimal strategies for both the defense and adversary, and derive efficient algorithms for computing the strategies. Our results are evaluated on a realworld attack dataset obtained using the Refinable Attack Investigation (RAIN) framework, enabling us to draw conclusions on the optimal adversary and defense strategies, as well as the effect of valid information flows on the interaction between adversary and defense.
Multi-View Multi-Exposure Stereo (2006)

Multi-view stereo algorithms typically rely on same-exposure images as inputs due to the brightness constancy assumption. While state-of-the-art depth results are excellent, they do not produce high-dynamic range textures required for high-quality view reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a technique that adapts multi-view stereo for different exposure inputs to simultaneously recover reliable dense depth and high dynamic range textures. In our technique, we use an exposure-invariant similarity statistic to establish correspondences, through which we robustly extract the camera radiometric response function and the image exposures. This enables us to then convert all images to radiance space and selectively use the radiance data for dense depth and high dynamic range texture recovery. We show results for synthetic and real scenes.
Ergebnisse der Versuchsflüge (1981)

Die Ergebnisse der Vorversuche, die mit dem Motorsegler Sperber RF 5B durchgeführt wurden (s. Abschnitt 4.1), sind hier nicht mehr beschrieben; auf Grund des Meßaufbaus waren quantitativ verwertbare Scherwindmessungen nur bei dem Versuchsträger MORANE Rallye 180 Commodore zu erwarten. Alle im folgenden beschriebenen Ergebnisse wurden mit diesem Flugzeug erzielt. Dabei fanden die Versuchsflüge in der näheren Umgebung des Aachener Flugplatzes Merzbrück in Flughöhen unterhalb 1000 ft statt.
Measuring Fiber Orientation in Nonwovens Part IV: Flow Field Analysis (1997)

This paper addresses the development of the image analysis technique of flow field analysis to evaluate local orientation in a fibrous assembly. The algorithms are evaluated using simulated images presented in Part I of the series. The results are compared with those from the tracking and Fourier methods presented in Parts II and III.
Knowledge discovery with networks for climate science (2011)

The use of complex networks has been motivated in climate to understand attributes of large-scale dynamics, for example, correlations between variables and relations among climate oscillators. This talk addresses two specific questions that arose from discussions at the first Climate Knowledge Discovery Workshop held in Hamburg earlier this year. The first part revolves around the ability to represent the salient features of the climate system via networks. We show that the structure of networks constructed from outputs of physically-based climate models generally exhibit less intra-model variability (among members of an initial condition ensemble of the same model) than inter-model variability (between different models run with the same forcing). Moreover, we illustrate the stability of these patterns over a long-term integration of a climate model run. The second part deals with the effect of model resolution on large-scale phenomena. Specifically, we examine some high-level features (dipole patterns) extracted from two runs of the same climate model run at different resolutions using graph-based methods. The findings from both of these investigations lend additional credence to this growing field of network-based representation and analysis of complex systems.
Tumor Inhibiting Properties of Stereoisomeric [1,2‐Bis(3‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II)‐Complexes, Part I: Synthesis (1989)

The synthesis of the stereoisomeric 1,2-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamines (1-4) from meso-1,2-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde by a diaza-Cope-rearrangement and subsequent ether cleavage with BBr3 and their conversion into the [1,2-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II)-complexes with K2PtCl4 (1-PtCl2 - 4-PtCl2) is described.