gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Prediction of Acid-fracturing Performance in Carbonates Reservoirs (2018)

Abstract Acidizing joint hydraulic fracturing is a widely used technique to increase the fracture conductivity in carbonate reservoirs stimulation. Predicting acid fracturing performance for optimum fracturing job design requires a detailed understanding of acid-rock reactions, rock strength and the stress applied to the rock and their effect on the fracture conductivity. The available models have many prediction limitations to acidized fracture conductivity with closure stress. Artificial intelligence is suggested to obtain a more precise prediction for acid-fracture conductivity. Artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive network- based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are used to develop intelligent models capable of delivering an accurate design to acid-fracture conductivity. Published experimental data from the literature is used to train the models. 70% of the data was used for training and 30% was used in testing. The results showed that both ANN and ANFIS models outperformed the currently available models. ANFIS subtractive clustering with 0.4 cluster radius showed the best match to experimental data with 1.36% average percentage error and 0.998 R2.
Structural Identification of a Major Cytokinin in Coconut Milk as 14-O-{3-O-(.BETA.-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1.RAR.2)-.ALPHA.-D-galactopyranosyl-(1.RAR.3)-.ALPHA.-L-arabinofuranosyl)-4-O-(.ALPHA.-L-arabinofuranosyl)-.BETA.-D-galactopyranosyl}-trans-zeatin Riboside. (1997)

A cytokinin isolated from the fluid endosperm of Cocos mucifera L. (coconut milk), accounting for more than 20% of the total cytokinin activity, was structurally analyzed by NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and sugar analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The planar structure of the cytokinin was deduced from its NMR and mass spectrometric data. The structure of the sugar moiety, including its absolute structure, was determined by HPLC analysis of alditol acetates and aldononitrile acetates derived from the cytokinin. The configuration of the sugar-sugar bonds was determined by NMR, and the structure was finally identified as 14-O-(3-O-[-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-galactopyranosyl-(1--> 3)- alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl]-4-O-(alpha-L-arabino-furanosyl)-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-trans-zeatin riboside.
DNA vaccines for targeting bacterial infections (2010)

DNA vaccination has been of great interest since its discovery in the 1990s due to its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines consist of a DNA plasmid containing a transgene that encodes the sequence of a target protein from a pathogen under the control of a eukaryotic promoter. This revolutionary technology has proven to be effective in animal models and four DNA vaccine products have recently been approved for veterinary use. Although few DNA vaccines against bacterial infections have been tested, the results are encouraging. Because of their versatility, safety and simplicity a wider range of organisms can be targeted by these vaccines, which shows their potential advantages to public health. This article describes the mechanism of action of DNA vaccines and their potential use for targeting bacterial infections. In addition, it provides an updated summary of the methods used to enhance immunogenicity from codon optimization and adjuvants to delivery techniques including electroporation and use of nanoparticles.
Urocortin III Is Expressed in Pancreatic β-Cells and Stimulates Insulin and Glucagon Secretion (2003)

Urocortin (Ucn) III, or stresscopin, is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRFR2) receptor recently identified in rodents and human. Ucn III was initially identified as a neuropeptide expressed in discrete areas in the brain. In the present study, we demonstrate that Ucn III is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and in a mouse beta-cell line, MIN6. Ucn III secretion from the cells was measured using a highly specific RIA, and we found that high potassium, forskolin, or high glucose can stimulate Ucn III secretion from these cells. In vivo studies showed that rats receiving an iv Ucn III injection had a significant elevation of plasma glucagon followed by plasma glucose levels compared with rats receiving vehicle. Ucn III injections also result in an increase in plasma insulin levels. The observed effects of Ucn III were blocked by pretreatment with a CRFR2 antagonist, astressin(2)-B. Furthermore, Ucn III stimulated glucagon and insulin release from isolated rat islets, and astressin(2)-B abolished the effects of Ucn III, in keeping with a CRFR2-mediated mechanism. Taken together, the present studies suggest pancreatic Ucn III acting through CRFR2 is involved in the local regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion.
Asymmetric catalytic epoxidation of enones by chiral binaphthol‐derived lanthanum catalyst (2001)

Abstract Asymmetric epoxidation of chalcone catalyzed by chiral (5)‐6, 6′‐diphenyl‐BINOL‐lanthanum complex affords the corresponding epoxychalcone with excellent yields as well as the good enantioselective excesses of 93%. The influences of solvent, the temperature, the structure of the chiral ligand, as well as the substrate on the stereochemistry were discussed.
Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy:  Total Synthesis of (±)-Welwitindolinone A Isonitrile (2008)

An efficient and highly stereoselective total synthesis of the natural product (+/-)-welwitindolinone A isonitrile (1) is described. The bicyclo[4.2.0]octane core of 1 was established by a regio- and diastereoselective [2+2] ketene cycloaddition. The C12 quaternary center and vicinal stereogenic chlorine were installed in a single operation with excellent stereocontrol via a chloronium ion mediated semipinacol rearrangement. Described strategies for construction of the spiro-oxinole include a SmI2-LiCl mediated reductive cyclization and a novel anionic cyclization that simultaneously constructs the spiro-oxindole and vinyl isonitrile moieties.
Heterogeneous catalysis for bio-based polyester monomers from cellulosic biomass: advances, challenges and prospects (2017)

This article critically reviews the recent developments of applying heterogeneous catalysis for producing bio-based polyester monomers from cellulosic biomass.
Neural Font Rendering (2022)

Recent advances in deep learning techniques and applications have revolutionized artistic creation and manipulation in many domains (text, images, music); however, fonts have not yet been integrated with deep learning architectures in a manner that supports their multi-scale nature. In this work we aim to bridge this gap, proposing a network architecture capable of rasterizing glyphs in multiple sizes, potentially paving the way for easy and accessible creation and manipulation of fonts.
Amplitude analysis of the B+→D+D−K+ decay (2020)

Results are reported from an amplitude analysis of the
Crosslinked Carbon Nano Dots Membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (2021)

We report a facile synthesis strategy of a membrane active layer consisting of crosslinked carbon nano dots through a layer-by-layer process and the application of these membranes in organic solvent nanofiltration. The synthesized membrane is stable in organic solvents for a long duration, displays tight molecular weight cut off, and fluoresces under UV light, allowing one to capture mechanical failure.
A machine learning toolkit for genetic engineering attribution to facilitate biosecurity (2020)

The promise of biotechnology is tempered by its potential for accidental or deliberate misuse. Reliably identifying telltale signatures characteristic to different genetic designers, termed 'genetic engineering attribution', would deter misuse, yet is still considered unsolved. Here, we show that recurrent neural networks trained on DNA motifs and basic phenotype data can reach 70% attribution accuracy in distinguishing between over 1,300 labs. To make these models usable in practice, we introduce a framework for weighing predictions against other investigative evidence using calibration, and bring our model to within 1.6% of perfect calibration. Additionally, we demonstrate that simple models can accurately predict both the nation-state-of-origin and ancestor labs, forming the foundation of an integrated attribution toolkit which should promote responsible innovation and international security alike.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC AMBIGUITY BETWEEN THE ID AND D MECHANISMS IN LIGAND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS. THE INTIMATE MECHANISM FOR AXIAL BASE‐LIGAND EXCHANGE REACTIONS IN ALKYL(BASE)COBALOXIMES AND RELATED SPECIES (1976)

Abstract IR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung des Austauschs der axialen Base von Methyl‐piperidin‐cobaloxim mit Pyridin, O=PBu3 , O=P(O‐Me)3 , CS 2 und THF.
CD8+ T cell metabolic rewiring defined by scRNA-seq identifies a critical role of ASNS expression dynamics in T cell differentiation (2022)

T cells dynamically rewire their metabolism during an immune response. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells activated and differentiated in vitro in physiological medium to resolve these metabolic dynamics. We identify a differential time-dependent reliance of activating T cells on the synthesis versus uptake of various non-essential amino acids, which we corroborate with functional assays. We also identify metabolic genes that potentially dictate the outcome of T cell differentiation, by ranking them based on their expression dynamics. Among them, we find asparagine synthetase (Asns), whose expression peaks for effector T cells and decays toward memory formation. Disrupting these expression dynamics by ASNS overexpression promotes an effector phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in a mouse melanoma model. We thus provide a resource of dynamic expression changes during CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation and differentiation, and identify ASNS expression dynamics as a modulator of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell differentiation.
Minichannels in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (2005)

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the application of minichannels, typically on the order of a 1 mm hydraulic diameter, in the design of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In these electrochemical devices, minichannels deliver reactant hydrogen and oxygen to the anode and cathode electrodes, respectively, while transporting product water out of the cell. The channels must be designed for low pressure drop to avoid excessive parasitic power losses from gas handling equipment. However, the channels also need to operate in a flow regime in which the overall water balance in the fuel cell can be maintained. The various aspects of minichannel design, including size and cross-sectional shape, are discussed, with a particular emphasis on fuel cell water management. In addition to reviewing these fundamental aspects of minichannel design, examples are given of new experimental tools currently under development that are applied to relate channel water transport and accumulation to fuel cell performance.
Postoperative pain, edema and trismus following third molar surgery – A comparitive study between submucosal and intravenous dexamethasone (2020)

Analyzing the previous studies, and from the experience of the present one, it could be reasonably found out that administration of submucosal dexamethasone is beneficial for overall patient compliance.
Robotics in Power Systems: Enabling a More Reliable and Safe Grid (2017)

Power systems face numerous challenges to address the growing need for sustainable energy worldwide. Several tasks directly focused on power systems operations can be either partially or completely automated by an unmanned or teleoperated robotic system. Robots can improve efficiency, reduce labor costs, and, most importantly, avoid operational risks, since power plants and transmission lines are hostile environments for humans. Although there has been some preliminary development of robotic applications in several tasks related to power systems, the technology is still undergoing research and development; it is highly dependent on the nature of the tasks to be performed, and a unified framework of applications does not yet exist. The aim of this article is to present the main contributions from the robotics field to the inspection and maintenance of power systems through the analysis of state-of-the-art and current advances, thus providing the reader with a comprehensive and insightful analysis of implemented examples and future trends.
Monitoring Prosthesis User Activity and Doffing Using an Activity Monitor and Proximity Sensors (2016)

Introduction Characterizing a prosthesis user's activity in the field may provide information relevant to his or her clinical care. The purpose of this research was to incorporate doffing and donning information into activity characterization. Materials and Methods Commercial accelerometers were positioned on the thigh and lower leg, and proximity sensors on the medial and lateral brim of the socket. A novel data-processing algorithm converted collected data into a time-stamped list of postures and activities: doffed, walking (included all types of movement), standing, and sitting. Results Controlled testing on 11 people with transtibial amputation demonstrated that activity durations and transitions between activities well matched hand notes recorded by the researcher accompanying the participant during the test. Testing on 23 participants with transtibial amputation in unrestricted field testing demonstrated that detected activities well matched participants' descriptions of activities upon return to the laboratory. At least 95% of doffs were correctly detected. Conclusions The developed technology is relevant towards the design of control systems to automatically adjust the prosthesis according to the user's activity and posture.
eQTL of bronchial epithelial cells and bronchial alveolar lavage deciphers GWAS‐identified asthma genes (2015)

Our study illustrates cell-type-specific regulation of the expression of asthma-related genes documenting SNPs in TSLP, GSDMB, IL33, HLA-DQB1, C11orf30, DEXI, CDHR3, and ZBTB10 affect asthma risk through cis-regulation of its gene expression. Whenever possible, disease-relevant tissues should be used for transcription analysis. SNPs in TSLP may affect asthma risk through up-regulating TSLP mRNA expression or protein secretion. Further functional studies are warranted.
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Aging Potential of a Kalmia angustifolia Extract and Identification of Some Major Compounds (2021)

Skin aging is the most visible element of the aging process, giving rise to a major concern for many people. Plants from the Ericaceae family generally have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them potential anti-aging active ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and anti-aging efficacy of a <i>Kalmia angustifolia</i> extract using reconstructed skin substitutes. The safety evaluation was performed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the efficacy was determined by assessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and analyzing skin substitutes reconstructed according to the self-assembly method by histology and immunofluorescence staining (elastin, collagen-1, collagen-3, aquaporin-3). The cell viability assay established the safety of the extract at a concentration up to 200 μg/mL. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay and a cell-based assay using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) revealed a strong antioxidant activity with an ORAC value of 16 µmol Trolox Equivalent/mg and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.37 ± 0.02 μg/mL, while an interesting anti-inflammatory activity was found in the inhibition of NO production, with an inhibition percentage of NO production of 49 ± 2% at 80 µg/mL. The isolation and characterization of the extract allowed the identification of compounds that could be responsible for these biological activities, with two of them being identified for the first time in <i>K. angustifolia</i>: avicularin and epicatechin-(2β-<i>O</i>-7, 4β-6)-<i>ent</i>-epicatechin. Histological analyses of skin substitutes treated with the extract showed an increase in dermal thickness compared with the controls. <i>K. angustifolia</i> extract enhanced the expression of elastin and collagen-1, which are usually decreased with skin aging. These results suggest that <i>K. angustifolia</i> has promising antioxidant efficacy and anti-aging potential.
Motion control strategy of industrial robot for vibration suppression and little positioning phase error (2008)

This paper proposes a new motion control strategy for industrial robots. It is important for industrial robots to drive high speed and high accuracy. However, the vibration is generated by the resonant phenomenon and the interference from other axes in such cases. In the proposed strategy, those two problems are overcome. For the resonant vibration, the new reference filtering method is used. It is consisted of the notch filter and the phase compensation gain. Using the notch filter, the resonant phenomenon is suppressed. Using the phase compensation gain, the reference phase error by the notch filter is improved. For the interference from other axes, the dynamic torque compensation is used. The disturbance torque from other axes is computed by the inverse-dynamic torque computation. The simulation results and the experimental results show that the proposed strategy is superior to suppress the vibration and improves the phase error.
High chi polymer development for DSA applications using RAFT technology (2013)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is proving to be an interesting and innovative method to make three-dimensional periodic, uniform patterns useful in a variety of microelectronics applications. Attributes critical to acceptable DSA performance of block copolymers include molecular weight uniformity, final purity, and reproducibility in all the steps involved in producing the polymers. <strong>R</strong>eversible <strong>A</strong>ddition <strong>F</strong>ragmentation Chain <strong>T</strong>ransfer (RAFT) polymerization technology enables the production of such materials provided that careful process monitoring and compositional homogeneity measurement systems are employed. It is uniquely suited to construction of multiblocks with components of widely divergent surface energies and functionality. We describe a high chi diblock system comprising partially fluorinated methacrylates and substituted styrenics. While special new polymer separation strategies involving controlled polymer particle assembly in liquid media are required for some monomer systems and molecular weight regimes, we have been able to demonstrate high yield and compositionally homogeneous diblocks of lamellar and cylindrical morphology with polydispersities &lt; 1.1. During purification processes, these diblock materials undergo assembly processes in liquid media, and with appropriate controls, this allows for removal of soluble homopolymer contaminants. SAXS analyses of solid polymer samples provide estimates of lamellar d-spacing, and a good correlation with molecular weight is shown. This system will be described.
Cobalt-Substitution-Induced Superconductivity in a New Compound with ZrCuSiAs-Type Structure, SrFeAsF (2008)

We have synthesized a quaternary fluoroarsenide SrFeAsF with the ZrCuSiAs-type structure (P4/nmm, a = 0.3999 and c = 0.8973 nm), which is composed of an alternately stacked (FeAs)- and (SrF)+ layers, analogous to the FeAs-based superconductor LaFeAsO. SrFeAsF shows metallic type conduction with the anomaly at ~180 K. The partial replacement of the Fe with Co suppresses the anomaly and induces the superconductivity, while the maximal Tc (4 K for SrFe0.875Co0.125AsF) is much lower than that of the Co-substituted LaFeAsO. Replacement of (LaO)+ layers with (SrF)+ layers results in a enlargement of the c-axis length (+2.6%). These results suggest the importance of interlayer interaction as a critical Tc-controlling factor in FeAs-based superconductors.
Process Development for Heterojunction IBC Cells on Thin Silicon Foils Bonded to Glass (2015)

We describe the process for fabricating interdigitated back-contacted cells compatible with thin (40μm) monocrystalline silicon foils. Throughout the process, the foils are supported by either the silicon parent substrate, or by a host (glass) superstrate using adhesive bonding. For a number of process steps, we describe possible issues, boundary conditions and performance. Using the integrated process which is fully compatible with bonded foils, cells were fabricated on a freestanding, non-textured wafer. An efficiency of 18.0% was achieved, the main limitations being the absence of surface texturing and a non-optimized amorphous silicon emitter.
VRFP: On-the-fly Video Retrieval using Web Images and Fast Fisher Vector Products (2015)

VRFP is a real-time video retrieval framework based on short text input queries, which obtains weakly labeled training images from the web after the query is known. The retrieved web images representing the query and each database video are treated as unordered collections of images, and each collection is represented using a single Fisher Vector built on CNN features. Our experiments show that a Fisher Vector is robust to noise present in web images and compares favorably in terms of accuracy to other standard representations. While a Fisher Vector can be constructed efficiently for a new query, matching against the test set is slow due to its high dimensionality. To perform matching in real-time, we present a lossless algorithm that accelerates the inner product computation between high dimensional Fisher Vectors. We prove that the expected number of multiplications required decreases quadratically with the sparsity of Fisher Vectors. We are not only able to construct and apply query models in real-time, but with the help of a simple re-ranking scheme, we also outperform state-of-the-art automatic retrieval methods by a significant margin on TRECVID MED13 (3.5%), MED14 (1.3%) and CCV datasets (5.2%). We also provide a direct comparison on standard datasets between two different paradigms for automatic video retrieval - zero-shot learning and on-the-fly retrieval.
Case of transient global amnesia-like syndrome after recreational cold-water swimming (2023)

We document a case of a transient global amnesia (TGA)-like syndrome following open water swimming. This case was atypical for TGA, in that symptoms were prolonged and ischaemic infarct was considered within the differential. MRI did not demonstrate any changes associated with acute ischaemia although did show a mild degree of small vessel change. With amnesia taking greater than 24 hours to resolve, we have labelled this case to be a TGA-like syndrome, provoked by the commonly reported TGA precipitant of cold water immersion. The possibility of a tiny, strategic infarct causing these symptoms was considered and antiplatelet therapy commenced.