gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crowd Fraud Detection in Internet Advertising (2015)

The rise of crowdsourcing brings new types of malpractices in Internet advertising. One can easily hire web workers through malicious crowdsourcing platforms to attack other advertisers. Such human generated crowd frauds are hard to detect by conventional fraud detection methods. In this paper, we carefully examine the characteristics of the group behaviors of crowd fraud and identify three persistent patterns, which are moderateness, synchronicity and dispersivity. Then we propose an effective crowd fraud detection method for search engine advertising based on these patterns, which consists of a constructing stage, a clustering stage and a filtering stage. At the constructing stage, we remove irrelevant data and reorganize the click logs into a surfer-advertiser inverted list; At the clustering stage, we define the sync-similarity between surfers' click histories and transform the coalition detection to a clustering problem, solved by a nonparametric algorithm; and finally we build a dispersity filter to remove false alarm clusters. The nonparametric nature of our method ensures that we can find an unbounded number of coalitions with nearly no human interaction. We also provide a parallel solution to make the method scalable to Web data and conduct extensive experiments. The empirical results demonstrate that our method is accurate and scalable.
An Iterative Wiener Filter for the Identification of Trilinear Forms (2019)

Multidimensional system identification problems can be encountered in many important fields, such as big data, machine learning, and source separation. Nevertheless, a large parameter space usually raises additional challenges in terms of system identification. In this context, there is a huge interest in exploiting the methods based on tensor decompositions and modelling. Recently, we focused on bilinear forms (i.e., two-dimensional decomposition), in the framework of identifying spatiotemporal models. Following this approach, we developed several solutions based on the Wiener filter and different adaptive algorithms. In this paper, in order to further exploit the decomposition of the global impulse response, we propose an iterative Wiener filter tailored for the identification of trilinear forms (where third-order tensors are involved). Simulation results indicate the good performance of the proposed solution, as compared to the conventional Wiener approach.
ESD, EOS, EMI, EMC and Latchup (2012)

The chapter provides a short description of electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical overstress (EOS), electromagnetic interference (EMI), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and latchup. It talks about the different ESD models that include: human body model (HBM), the machine model (MM), charged device model (CDM), transmission line pulse (TLP) method, the very-fast transmission line pulse (VF-TLP) method, and the cassette model. Electrical overstress (EOS) is a concern in semiconductor components to electronic systems. A source of an EOS event is the Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) event. Many of the electrical overstress (EOS) issues can occur from the design of the semiconductor component, the system and its integration. EMI is electromagnetic phenomena that effects both components and systems. In system on chip (SOC) applications, signal lines between digital and analog domains can observe EMI sensitivity. Controlled Vocabulary Terms electromagnetic compatibility; electromagnetic interference; electrostatic discharge; System-on-chip
A one-chip scanning retina with an integrated micromechanical scanning actuator (2001)

A microsensor that merges sensing and scanning functions on a single chip has been designed and fabricated, resulting in the first integrated scanning retina of its kind. A microfabrication technique has been developed to combine a one-dimensional array of photodiodes and electrostatically driven scanning slits on a single chip. The scanner actuates 12-/spl mu/m-wide microslits by up to 20 /spl mu/m on top of 30-/spl mu/m-wide photodiodes, and the motion generates an effect similar to that of the retinal scanning vergence found in the insects' compound eyes. The silicon retina is coupled with an array of 120-/spl mu/m-diameter microlenses to compose a microsized scanning compound eye, and the effect of retinal scanning in edge and position detection is demonstrated with the sensor. Each individual visual unit of the compound eye detects light contrast due to the scanning motion of the visual axis. The architecture of this scanning retina increases the resolution of a visual system with a relatively small number of receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 2‐PHENYLBENZOTHIAZOLE WITH ETHOXYACETYLENE AND ETHOXYPROPYNE. SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐BENZOTHIAZEPINES (1983)

Abstract Bei der gemeinsamen Bestrahlung von 2‐Phenyl‐benzothiazol (I) und 1‐Ethoxyalkinen(IIa) und (IIb) erhält man Gemische der Addukte (III)‐(VII) in unterschiedlichen Anteilen.
Rat Pig-a mutation assay responds to the genotoxic carcinogen ethyl carbamate but not the non-genotoxic carcinogen methyl carbamate (2015)

Determination of the mode of action of carcinogenic agents is an important factor in risk assessment and regulatory practice. To assess the ability of the erythrocyte-based Pig-a mutation assay to discriminate between genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action, the mutagenic response of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to methyl carbamate (MC) or ethyl carbamate (EC) was investigated. EC, a potent carcinogen, is believed to induce DNA damage through the formation of a DNA-reactive epoxide group, whereas the closely structurally related compound, MC, cannot form this epoxide and its weaker carcinogenic activity is thought to be secondary to inflammation and promotion of cell proliferation. The frequency of Pig-a mutant phenotype cells was monitored before, during, and after 28 consecutive days of oral gavage exposure to either MC (doses ranging from 125 to 500 mg/kg/day) or EC (250 mg/kg/day). Significant increases in the frequency of mutant reticulocytes were observed from Days 15 through 43, with a peak mean frequency of 19.9×10(-6) on Day 29 (i.e. 24.9-fold increase relative to mean vehicle control across all four sampling times). As expected, mutant erythrocyte responses lagged behind mutant reticulocyte responses, with a maximal mean frequency of 8.2×10(-6) on Day 43 (i.e. 16.4-fold increase). No mutagenic effects were observed with MC. A second indicator of in vivo genotoxicity, peripheral blood micronucleated reticulocytes, was also studied. This endpoint was responsive to EC (3.3-fold mean increase), but not to MC. These results support the hypothesis that genotoxicity contributes to the carcinogenicity of EC but not of MC, and illustrates the value of the Pig-a assay for discriminating between genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action.
Highly Efficient and Versatile Anodes for Biofuel Cells Based on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase from Myriococcum thermophilum (2008)

A powerful alternative to glucose oxidase as anode material in implantable biofuel cells is presented: Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from the ascomycete Myriococcum thermophilum (MtCDH) catalyzes the electrochemical oxidation of glucose, lactose, and cellobiose over a broad pH range. Current densities of more than 1 mA·cm−2 can be reached when MtCDH is wired to an Os redox polymer in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotubes and when lactose is used as a substrate at pH 8. In contrast to CDHs from basidiomycete fungi, which oxidize only β-1,4-linked di- and oligosaccharides efficiently, MtCDH is also able to oxidize glucose and other monosaccharides at relatively high turnover rates. The current density toward oxidation of 5 mM glucose under physiological conditions was about 100 μA·cm−2. Outstanding properties of MtCDH are high-temperature stability; a strong discrimination of oxygen turnover (and therefore no H2O2 production) in the presence of alternative electron acceptors; an ability to oxidize a range of carbohydrates, and a working pH from 3 to 10, which allows for combination with a variety of enzyme-based cathodes for oxygen reduction. The performance and stability of a membraneless glucose biofuel cell consisting of an MtCDH-modified anode and a Pt black cathode working under physiological conditions (PBS buffer, pH 7.4, 37 °C) were investigated over a period of 3 days. A maximum voltage of 500 mV, a maximum current density of almost 700 μA·cm−2, and a maximum power density of 157 μW·cm−2 at an operating voltage of 280 mV (under oxygen purging/nonquiescent conditions) could be obtained with glucose (100 mM) as the substrate. Furthermore, the direct and mediated electron-transfer properties of MtCDH are compared in this work. The electrocatalytic current detected for mediated electron transfer (MET) is much higher and starts at a less positive potential than that for direct electron transfer (DET). The reason is that, in MET, the Os redox polymer is able to collect the electrons from the catalytically active flavin domain, whereas DET requires the oxidation of the heme domain, which has a more positive redox potential. The electrocatalytic current densities for DET and MET are significantly increased in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Strong Attractors in Stochastic Adaptive Networks: Emergence and Characterization (2016)

We propose a family of models to study the evolution of ties in a network of interacting agents by reinforcement and penalization of their connections according to certain local laws of interaction. The family of stochastic dynamical systems, on the edges of a graph, exhibits \emph{good} convergence properties, in particular, we prove a strong-stability result: a subset of binary matrices or graphs -- characterized by certain compatibility properties -- is a global almost sure attractor of the family of stochastic dynamical systems. To illustrate finer properties of the corresponding strong attractor, we present some simulation results that capture, e.g., the conspicuous phenomenon of emergence and downfall of leaders in social networks.
Adsorption of Pyruvic and Succinic Acid by Amine-Functionalized SBA-15 for the Purification of Succinic Acid from Fermentation Broth (2007)

In this study, mesoporous silica SBA-15 was functionalized with primary, secondary, and tertiary amino-functional silanes onto the channel walls using a postsynthesis method as a first attempt to purify succinic acid from a fermentation broth. Ordered mesostructures of pristine and functionalized SBA-15 were evaluated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. 13C and 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 1H cross-polarization (CP-MAS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that amino-functional silanes were covalently bound to the active layer of pore walls. The distribution and accessibility of amine groups were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), elemental analysis, and conductivity measurements. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Sips model, simultaneously obtaining the temperature dependence of isotherms derived from the isosteric heats of adsorption. Pyruvic acid had higher adsorption capacities than succinic acid on amine-functionalized SBA-15, resulting in the selective adsorption of pyruvic acid from binary acid solution. In particular, SBA-15 functionalized with primary amino silane obtained higher selectivity on pyruvic acid compared to that of other amine-functionalized SBA-15. The adsorption capacities of pyruvic acid at equilibrium are dependent on the basicity and distribution of amino silanes. The isosteric heats between 10 and 100 kJ/mol and desorption energy between 1 and 10 kJ/mol revealed that the adsorption of pyruvic and succinic acid originated from the formation of an acid−amine complex via hydrogen bonding. It is proposed that the amine functionalization of ordered mesoporous solids provides a simple and effective method of separating or purifying useful carboxylic acids.
Trogocytosis-based cell platform for TCR ligand discovery (2019)

TCR ligand discovery is essential for elucidating targets of anti-tumor immunity and designing targeted immunotherapies. Here, we describe a cell-based selection platform for TCR ligand discovery that exploits a membrane transfer phenomenon called trogocytosis.
An Expert Consultation Environment for Creating Customized Knowledge-Based Systems for CAD (1994)

Abstract Although the field of CAD has come a long way in recent years, the integration of CAD with engineering/mechanical design, especially the integration of CAD with conceptual design, has not been given enough importance. Tools which facilitate the custom development of conceptual CAD software are still not available. This is especially true in the case of intelligent CAD systems. This paper describes the philosophy and design of a framework which will facilitate the creation of knowledge-based expert systems to support conceptual design. The design of an object-oriented framework which will assist in the creation of customized expert systems for CAD applications is presented. This framework, known as the Expert Consultation Environment, provides the CAD programmer with tools to create the expert system. This framework consists of various object-oriented classes which the programmer would use during the creation of the knowledge-based expert system. A prototype of a portion of the framework was implemented. The use of this prototype framework in the creation of an expert system for a multi-disciplinary design application is discussed. The framework described in this paper would assist the programmers of CAD systems in building expert systems that are tailor-made for conceptual design. Any expert system created using an implementation of this framework will be very flexible, adaptable, and extendible.
Effects of Sampling Rate on the Interpretation of Cellular Transport Measurements (2008)

Electrochemical sensing techniques are increasingly used to study biological processes by monitoring concentration changes of the molecule of interest close to cells. The measured concentration is the result of cellular transport across the cell membrane and diffusion of the released molecules from the cells to the sensing electrode. The objective of such experiments is to understand the cellular processes underlying the observed changes in concentration. Thus, the influence of mass transport on the measured concentration trace has to be removed. This is done by deconvolution of the impulse response function of diffusion from the concentration data. We have recently observed that measuring concentration at a sampling rate that satisfies the Nyquist criterion for the observed concentration dynamics may not be sufficient to correctly reconstruct cellular flux. This is because the impulse response function of diffusion also has to be represented with sufficient temporal resolution. We discuss this problem here using the example of monitoring drug efflux from a monolayer of cancer cells with microvoltammetry, and chloride secretion from an epithelial cell monolayer monitored with an ion-selective electrode.
HIV-1 hijacks tunneling nanotubes and secretory microvesicles for intercellular spread in monocyte-derived macrophages (2009)

Background Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are cytoskeletal bridges that support intercellular exchanges of receptors, lysosomes and mitochondria. HIV-1 transmission by intercellular connections such as TNT and immunological synapses may facilitate cellular transmission when compared to classical receptor-mediated mechanisms. This permits for acactive viral spread despite neutralizing antibodies. Mechanisms of TNT formation and pathogen immune escape through TNT transport have generated intense interest after failure of vaccination strategies.
An intelligent decision support system for enhancing an m-health application (2012)

In most of the developing countries, the rural population is denied of the efficient and effective health care facilities. This increases the mortality of people in very young age due to several unknown and untreated diseases. This situation can be improved by adopting the usage of wearable sensors that are capable of continuously monitoring the patients and issue warnings to specialized experienced doctors in hospitals or to the care takers. This approach will bring in better healthcare facility to the people living in the rural world or to the people who are unnecessarily staying in the hospitals just for the purpose of monitoring. This can also help those people who do not want to stay in hospitals. However the efficiency of such a system will depend on the capability of the decision support system integrated with it. Hence this research work aims at the development of a decision support system architecture that can support data collection and processing from multiple wearable wireless sensors. The real-time data received from multiple wearable sensors will be analyzed for a variety of diseases. The results will be stored and send to the required persons via SMS. As an initial step towards the development of decision support system, a prototype system is developed that can be used for the monitoring of cardiac disease such as Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiomyopathy, Hypokalaemia, Hyperkalaemia, First degree AV Block and Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome. This work has also developed a new risk based scheduling algorithm to handle the data processing so that the patients with the highest risk are processed first. The work also includes the implementation of several techniques such as decision trees for taking better decisions and for proper classification of diseases.
Supplementary Figure Legend from First Evidence of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase Protein Expression and Activity Downregulation in Human Neoplasm: Implication for Resistance to Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer (2023)

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Substantial photovoltaic response and morphology tuning in benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′]dithiophene (bBDT) molecular donors (2014)

The influence of solubilizing substituents on the photovoltaic performance and thin-film blend morphology of new benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene (bBDT) based small molecule donor semiconductors is investigated. Solar cells based on bBDT(TDPP)2-PC71BM with two different types of side chains exhibit high power conversion efficiencies, up to 5.53%.
Rescue of Bacteriophage T7 DNA Polymerase of Low Processivity by Suppressor Mutations Affecting Gene 3 Endonuclease (2009)

The DNA polymerase encoded by gene 5 (gp5) of bacteriophage T7 has low processivity, dissociating after the incorporation of a few nucleotides. Upon binding to its processivity factor, Escherichia coli thioredoxin (Trx), the processivity is increased to approximately 800 nucleotides per binding event. Several interactions between gp5/Trx and DNA are required for processive DNA synthesis. A basic region in T7 DNA polymerase (residues K587, K589, R590, and R591) is located in proximity to the 5' overhang of the template strand. Replacement of these residues with asparagines results in a threefold reduction of the polymerization activity on primed M13 single-stranded DNA. The altered gp5/Trx exhibits a 10-fold reduction in its ability to support growth of T7 phage lacking gene 5. However, T7 phages that grow at a similar rate provided with either wild-type or altered polymerase emerge. Most of the suppressor phages contain genetic changes in or around the coding region for gene 3, an endonuclease. Altered gene 3 proteins derived from suppressor strains show reduced catalytic activity and are inefficient in complementing growth of T7 phage lacking gene 3. Results from this study reveal that defects in processivity of DNA polymerase can be suppressed by reducing endonuclease activity.
Electrostatic Spray of Food‐Grade Organic Acids and Plant Extract to ReduceEscherichia coliO157:H7 on Fresh‐Cut Cantaloupe Cubes (2013)

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the effects of organic acids and plant extract alone and in combination when applied by electrostatic spraying on E scherichia coli O 157: H 7‐inoculated cantaloupe cubes. Inoculated cubes were sprayed with malic ( M ) and lactic ( L ) acids and grape seed extract at different concentrations (alone and various combinations) then stored at 4C. Under optimized concentrations, ML 2% was able to reduce E . coli O 157: H 7 by 1.9 logs after 12 days of storage and was significantly different from the controls ( P &lt; 0.05). Increasing the concentration of M (4%) alone and in combination with L (2%) caused an increase in log reduction (4.6 logs). These treatments can be used as alternatives to commercial sanitizers in order to improve the safety of fresh‐cut cantaloupe cubes. Multiple hurdle technology of electrostatic sprayer combined with natural antimicrobials can be effective in improving the safety of food. Practical Application Electrostatic sprayer is a technology that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Organic acids and plant extracts can be used as antimicrobials to efficiently reduce contaminated cantaloupe cubes when combined with electrostatic sprayer. This multiple hurdle technology can be used in different food industry settings.
Parallel pump-shared linear cavity laser array using 980-nm pump reflectors or N pieces of gain fibers as self-equalizers (2000)

By using fiber gratings as pump reflectors with various reflectivities or N pieces of gain fibers with various lengths externally to linear cavity as self-equalizers, a parallel-type, pump-shared linear cavity laser array (LCLA) is proposed and numerically studied. The average output power is increased and the maximum power variation among channels is reduced from 7.2 to less than 0.1 dB when the reflectivity of each pump reflector or the length of each gain fiber is adjusted appropriately.
3D Object Emphasis using Multiple Projectors (2014)

In this paper, we propose a method for emphasizing 3D shapes by using patterned light projection from multiple projectors. In this method, we project patterned lights from multiple projectors. Then, the patterned lights are mixed up at the surface of objects. As a result, object regions which are different from preregistered 3D shapes are colored and emphasized visually. In this method, we do not need any computation for image processing, since the image processing is achieved by mixing lights projected from multiple projectors. Furthermore, we do not need to find image correspondences in order to obtain 3D information of objects. In this paper, we propose a method for generating projection patterns for visualizing small difference in 3D shapes such as defects of shape. The efficiency of the proposed method is test by using multiple projectors.
A General Probabilistic Model for Improving Key Assignment in Wireless Networks (2006)

We study the problem of establishing secure communication channels in resource-constrained wireless networks using key predistribution. Pairwise communication channels between nodes are secured using link keys which are established as a function of cryptographic seeds predistributed to each node. We propose a general model for seed assignment which regulates the number of nodes sharing each seed. In addition, we provide a general model for wireless network connectivity where communication is restricted by both radio range and an independent pairwise relationship. We provide probabilistic analysis for network connectivity and resilience to node capture in terms of our seed assignment and network connectivity models. Finally, we provide a numerical example demonstrating how the proposed approach reduces key wastage while maintaining resilience to node capture of prior results.