gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Retrograde Transport of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), Neurturin, and Persephin Suggests ThatIn VivoSignaling for the GDNF Family is GFRα Coreceptor-Specific (1999)

Neurturin (NRTN) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are members of a family of trophic factors with similar actions in vitro on certain neuronal classes. Retrograde transport of GDNF and NRTN was compared in peripheral sensory, sympathetic, and motor neurons to determine whether in vivo these factors are transported selectively by different neuronal populations. After sciatic nerve injections, NRTN was transported by sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Competition studies demonstrated only limited cross-competition between NRTN and GDNF, indicating selective receptor-mediated transport of these factors. By using immunohistochemistry, we identified two populations of NRTN-transporting DRG neurons: a major population of small, RET-positive, IB4-positive, non-TrkA-expressing neurons that also show the ability to transport GDNF and a minor population of calretinin-expressing neurons that fail to transport GDNF. Spinal motor neurons in the adult showed relatively less ability to transport NRTN than to transport GDNF, although NRTN prevented the cell death of neonatal motor neurons in a manner very similar to GDNF (Yan et al., 1995) and persephin (PSPN) (Milbrandt et al., 1998). Last, NRTN, like GDNF, was not transported to sympathetic neurons of the adult superior cervical ganglion (SCG) after injection into the anterior eye chamber. These data reveal a high degree of functional selectivity of GDNF family receptor-alpha (GFRalpha) coreceptor subtypes for NRTN and GDNF in vivo.
Introduction to the Special Section on Electronic and Ionic Interfaces to Biomolecules and Cells (2010)

The six articles in this special section focus on electronic and ionic interfaces to biomolecules and cells. The section includes discussions on the current status of experimental and modeling efforts on such topics as ion channels, nanowires, and patch clamps.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Asymmetric Conjugate Alkynylation of Meldrum′s Acid‐Derived Acceptors: Access to Chiral β‐Alkynyl Acids. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monoalkyl derivatives of the cobalt(III) complexes of a tetradentate macrocyclic ligand containing .alpha.-diimine groups (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonoalkyl derivatives of the cobalt(III) complexes of a tetradentate macrocyclic ligand containing .alpha.-diimine groupsKeith. Farmery and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 12, 2901–2906Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50118a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50118a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extracting heading and temporal range from optic flow: Human performance issues (1993)

Pilots are able to extract information about their vehicle motion and environmental structure from dynamic transformations in the out-the-window scene. In this presentation, we focus on the information in the optic flow which specifies vehicle heading and distance to objects in the environment, scaled to a temporal metric. In particular, we are concerned with modeling how the human operators extract the necessary information, and what factors impact their ability to utilize the critical information. In general, the psychophysical data suggest that the human visual system is fairly robust to degradations in the visual display, e.g., reduced contrast and resolution or restricted field of view. However, extraneous motion flow, i.e., introduced by sensor rotation, greatly compromises human performance. The implications of these models and data for enhanced/synthetic vision systems are discussed.
“STONE TREES”: Metabolic Evaluation and Medical Treatment of the Urolithiasis Patient Made Easy (2018)

In this review, a simplified straightforward algorithmic approach to the metabolic evaluation and treatment of the at-risk or recurrent urolithiasis patient is provided. Eight diagnoses and eight therapies are provided, which cover over 95% of renal stone disease.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of the 5‐Chloromethyl‐furo(2,3‐b)pyridine Pharmacophore. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Card9 deficiency leads to a proinflammatory gut microbiota (2014)

International audience
Editorial Comment (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Apr 2007Editorial Comment Arthur L. Burnett Arthur L. BurnettArthur L. Burnett More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.11.151AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 177(4), p. 1343 References 1 : E-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 as prognostic markers in penile cancer: an analysis of 125 patients. Urology2006; 67: 797. Google Scholar Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland© 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4April 2007Page: 1343 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Arthur L. Burnett More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Measurement of Gastric Emptying by13C-octanoic Acid Breath Test Versus Scintigraphy in Diabetics (2003)

In this prospective study, we compared the assessment of gastric emptying by the 13C-octanoic acid breath test to gastric emptying scintigraphy in diabetics. We also examined the relationship between gastric emptying parameters and gastric symptoms and cardiovascular autonomic function. The 13C-octanoic acid breath test and scintigraphy were performed simultaneously in 24 diabetics with a solid test meal (1 egg, doubly labelled with 91 mg 13C-octanoic acid and 50 MBq 99mTechnetium-Nanocoll, 60 g white bread, 5 g margarine and 150 ml water). At fifteen-minute intervals, breath samples were taken over 4 hours and examined by mass spectrometry. In parallel, scintigraphy was performed for 2 hours at one minute intervals. Using breath test data, gastric emptying half time (t (1/2) ), lag-phase (t lag ) and gastric emptying coefficient (GEC) were calculated. Subsequently, the correlation of these results with the equivalent data from scintigraphy were determined employing a regression method. To detect a cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, a 24-h ECG recording was performed. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in our collective was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. There was a highly significant positive correlation of both 13C-octanoic acid breath test t (1/2) and scintigraphic t (1/2) (r = 0.8257; p < 0.0001) and 13C-octanoic acid breath test t lag and scintigraphic t lag (r = 0.6302; p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the 13C-octanoic acid breath test was 1 and the specificity was 0.73. In our study, there was no significant association of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying disorders. We conclude that the 13C-octanoic acid breath test represents a suitable method to measure disordered gastric emptying in diabetics due to its highly significant positive correlation to scintigraphy and due to its validity. It is not possible to predict diabetic gastroparesis on the basis of other autonomic function disorders or because of dyspeptic symptoms.
Group 1B Phospholipase A2–Mediated Lysophospholipid Absorption Directly Contributes to Postprandial Hyperglycemia (2006)

Postprandial hyperglycemia is an early indicator of abnormality in glucose metabolism leading to type 2 diabetes. However, mechanisms that contribute to postprandial hyperglycemia have not been identified. This study showed that mice with targeted inactivation of the group 1B phospholipase A2 (Pla2g1b) gene displayed lower postprandial glycemia than that observed in wild-type mice after being fed a glucose-rich meal. The difference was caused by enhanced postprandial glucose uptake by the liver, heart, and muscle tissues as well as altered postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism in the Pla2g1b-/- mice. These differences were attributed to a fivefold decrease in the amount of dietary phospholipids absorbed as lysophospholipids in Pla2g1b-/- mice compared with that observed in Pla2g1b+/+ mice. Elevating plasma lysophospholipid levels in Pla2g1b-/- mice via intraperitoneal injection resulted in glucose intolerance similar to that exhibited by Pla2g1b+/+ mice. Studies with cultured hepatoma cells revealed that lysophospholipids dose-dependently suppressed insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. These results demonstrated that reduction of lysophospholipid absorption enhances insulin-mediated glucose metabolism and is protective against postprandial hyperglycemia.
Continuous Precipitation Polymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:  Formation of Polymers with Bimodal Molecular Weight Distributions (2002)

The polymerization of vinylidene fluoride in supercritical carbon dioxide was studied in a continuous stirred tank reactor using diethylperoxydicarbonate as the free radical initiator. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of inlet monomer concentration, temperature, average residence time, and agitation on the polymerization rate, the average molecular weights, and the molecular weight distribution of the poly(vinylidene fluoride). A homogeneous kinetic model that includes inhibition due to chain transfer to monomer predicted the polymerization rates reasonably well. However, imperfect mixing, rather than a chemical effect, may have caused the apparent inhibition observed at high monomer concentrations. At inlet monomer concentrations greater than about 1.5 M, broad and bimodal molecular weight distributions were observed. An extended homogeneous kinetic model that includes chain transfer to polymer predicted the polydispersities reasonably well. This model also predicted a region of inoperability that matched the experimental results. However, the extended homogeneous model could not account for the bimodal distributions.
Immunization against HIF-1α Inhibits the Growth of Basal Mammary Tumors and Targets Mammary Stem Cells In Vivo (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a cancer stem cell-enriched phenotype. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induces the expression of proteins associated with stemness and is highly upregulated in TNBC. We questioned whether HIF-1α was immunogenic and whether vaccination targeting HIF-1α would impact the growth of basal-like mammary tumors in transgenic mice.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We evaluated HIF-1α-specific IgG in sera from controls and patients with breast cancer. Class II epitopes derived from the HIF-1α protein sequence were validated by ELISPOT. To assess therapeutic efficacy, we immunized Tg-MMTVneu and C3(1)Tag mice with HIF-1α Th1-inducing peptides. Stem cells were isolated via magnetic bead separation. Levels of HIF-1α and stem cells in the tumor were quantitated by Western blotting and flow cytometry.<b>Results:</b> The magnitude (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and incidence (<i>P</i> < 0.001) of HIF-1α-specific IgG were elevated in TNBC patients compared with controls. Both breast cancer patients and donors showed evidence of HIF-1α-specific Th1 and Th2 immunity. Three HIF-1α-specific Th1 class II restricted epitopes that were highly homologous between species elicited type I immunity in mice. After HIF-1α vaccination, mammary tumor growth was significantly inhibited in only C3(1)Tag (basal-like/stem cell<sup>high</sup>; <i>P</i> < 0.001) not TgMMTV-neu (luminal/neu/stem cell<sup>low</sup>; <i>P</i> = 0.859) murine models. Vaccination increased type I T cells in the tumor (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and decreased cells expressing the stem cell marker, Sca-1, compared with controls (<i>P</i> = 0.004).<b>Conclusions:</b> An HIF-1α vaccine may be uniquely effective in limiting tumor growth in TNBC. Inhibiting outgrowth of breast cancer stem cells via active immunization in the adjuvant setting may impact disease recurrence. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3396-404. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Spectral analysis of tissues from patients with cancer using a portable spectroscopic diagnostic ratiometer unit (2014)

Spectral profiles of tissues from patients with breast carcinoma, malignant carcinoid and non-small cell lung carcinoma were acquired using native fluorescence spectroscopy. A novel spectroscopic ratiometer device (S<sup>3</sup>-LED) with selective excitation wavelengths at 280 nm and 335 nm was used to produce the emission spectra of the key biomolecules, tryptophan and NADH, in the tissue samples. In each of the samples, analysis of emission intensity peaks from biomolecules showed increased 340 nm/440 nm and 340 nm/460 nm ratios in the malignant samples compared to their paired normal samples. This most likely represented increased tryptophan to NADH ratios in the malignant tissue samples compared to their paired normal samples. Among the non-small cell lung carcinoma and breast carcinomas, it appeared that tumors of very large size or poor differentiation had an even greater increase in the 340 nm/440 nm and 340 nm/460 nm ratios. In the samples of malignant carcinoid, which is known to be a highly metabolically active tumor, a marked increase in these ratios was also seen.
Coexistence of Alternating Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Intermolecular Interactions in Organic Compounds. Synthesis, Structure, Thermal Stability, and Magnetic Properties of 2,4-Hexadiynylenedioxybis[2-(p-phenylene)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl] Diradical (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCoexistence of Alternating Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Intermolecular Interactions in Organic Compounds. Synthesis, Structure, Thermal Stability, and Magnetic Properties of 2,4-Hexadiynylenedioxybis[2-(p-phenylene)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl] DiradicalEsteve Hernandez-Gasio, Montserrat Mas, Elies Molins, Concepcio Rovira, Jaume Veciana, Juan J. Borras-Almenar, and Eugenio CoronadoCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 12, 2398–2411Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00048a030https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00048a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Plasmid‐Based Medicinal Products – Focus on pFAR: A Miniplasmid Free of Antibiotic Resistance Markers (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Rationale for the Development of Biosafe DNA Plasmid Vectors Specific Requirements for the Use of DNA Product as Medicines Nonviral Gene Vectors Devoid of Antibiotic Resistance Markers The pFAR Plasmid Family Concluding Remarks and Perspectives Acknowledgments References
Total variation models for variable lighting face recognition (2006)

In this paper, we present the logarithmic total variation (LTV) model for face recognition under varying illumination, including natural lighting conditions, where we rarely know the strength, direction, or number of light sources. The proposed LTV model has the ability to factorize a single face image and obtain the illumination invariant facial structure, which is then used for face recognition. Our model is inspired by the SQI model but has better edge-preserving ability and simpler parameter selection. The merit of this model is that neither does it require any lighting assumption nor does it need any training. The LTV model reaches very high recognition rates in the tests using both Yale and CMU PIE face databases as well as a face database containing 765 subjects under outdoor lighting conditions.
Hemodynamic Effects and Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure Variabilities Induced by Lercanidipine and Its Enantiomers in Conscious Dogs (1997)

This study was performed to investigate the hemodynamic properties and to analyze the effects on spectral analysis indexes (LFRR, HFRR) of autonomic control of cardiovascular function induced by administration of lercanidipine and its enantiomers in conscious, instrumented dogs. After cumulative i.v. administration, lercanidipine and its (S)-enantiomer induced dose-dependent peripheral and coronary vasodilatation. Concomitant increases in dP/dtmax and cardiac output were observed. (S)-Lercanidipine modified hemodynamic parameters, paralleling the action of the racemate at half-dose. (R)-Lercanidipine was devoid of any vasodilating action. The effects of nitrendipine on peripheral and coronary vasculature were similar to those of lercanidipine but with a lesser increase of dP/dtmax compared to lercanidipine. Both (S)-lercanidipine and lercanidipine caused a significant increase in heart rate, but only (S)-lercanidipine significantly increased LFRR. The marker of vasomotor activity LFSAP showed a mild reduction after lercanidipine, suggesting the possibility of a blunting action on vasomotor sympathetic activity. After lercanidipine infusion at a dose of 1 μg/kg/min for 15 min, total peripheral resistance and coronary resistance decreased significantly, together with a corresponding increase in coronary blood flow. After β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, its coronary effects were slightly reduced. The time relaxation constant TAU was not modified in both conditions. Continuous infusion of lercanidipine did not modify the spectral markers LFRR and LFSAP. Pretreatment with propranolol did not significantly alter the response to lercanidipine, thus confirming the virtual absence of sympathetic activation during continuous infusion. In conclusion, lercanidipine is confirmed to be a direct and potent vasodilator calciumentry blocker with selectivity for the vascular bed.
Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cape Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption (2016)

Abstract. Lava flow simulations help to better understand volcanic hazards and may assist emergency preparedness at active volcanoes. We show that at Fogo Volcano, Cape Verde, such simulations can explain the 2014–2015 lava flow crisis and therefore provide a valuable base to better prepare for the inevitable next eruption. In a rapid disaster response effort, we conducted topographic mapping in the field and a satellite based remote sensing analysis. We produced the first topographic model of the 2014–2015 lava flows from combined Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and photogrammetric data. This high resolution topographic information facilitates lava flow volume estimates of 43.7 × 106 m3 (&amp;amp;plus;/−5.2 × 106 m3) from the vertical difference between pre- and post-eruptive topographies. Both, the pre-eruptive and updated Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) serve as the fundamental input parameters for lava flow simulations using the well-established DOWNFLOW algorithm. Based on thousands of simulations, we assess the lava flow hazard before and after the 2014–2015 eruption. We find that, although the lava flow hazard has changed significantly, it remains high at the locations of two villages that were destroyed during this eruption. This result is of particular importance as villagers have already started to rebuild the settlements. We also analyse satellite radar imagery acquired by the German TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite to map lava flow emplacement over time. We obtain the lava flow boundaries every 6 days during the eruption which assists the interpretation and evaluation of the lava flow model performance. Based on this, we discuss how our study can help improving the general understanding of basaltic lava flow behavior. Our results highlight the fact that lava flow hazards change as a result of modifications of the local topography due to lava flow emplacement, which implies the need for up-to-date topographic information in order to assess lava flow hazards. We also emphasize that areas that were once overrun by lava flows are not necessarily "safer", even if local lava flow thicknesses exceed the average lava flow thickness. Our observations will be important for the next eruption of Fogo Volcano and have implications for future lava flow crises and disaster response efforts at basaltic volcanoes elsewhere in the world.
Cliff-Learning (2023)

We study the data-scaling of transfer learning from foundation models in the low-downstream-data regime. We observe an intriguing phenomenon which we call cliff-learning. Cliff-learning refers to regions of data-scaling laws where performance improves at a faster than power law rate (i.e. regions of concavity on a log-log scaling plot). We conduct an in-depth investigation of foundation-model cliff-learning and study toy models of the phenomenon. We observe that the degree of cliff-learning reflects the degree of compatibility between the priors of a learning algorithm and the task being learned.