gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure of the ecto-ADP-ribosyl transferase ART2.2 from rat. (2003)

The mammalian extracellular ADP-ribosyl transferases ART1 through ART5 are sequence-related to each other. Among them ART2 is involved in immuno regulation. The variant ART2.2 was expressed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli and crystallized. Its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.7A resolution in one crystal form and at slightly lower resolutions in two others. The active center was indicated by a ligated nicotinamide analogue, which also revealed a small induced-fit. The centerpiece of the chainfold of ART2.2 agrees with those of all bacterial ADP-ribosyl transferases. This correspondence and the nicotinamide position were used to model the binding structure of the whole substrate NAD(+) at ART2.2. Two of the bacterial enzymes are structurally more closely related to ART2.2 while the others are more closely related to the eukaryotic poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase. This splits the ADP-ribosyl transferases into two distinct subfamilies. A special feature of ART2.2 is its long N-terminal extension and two disulfide bridges that are far away from the active center. They stabilize the protein against denaturation and presumably also against shearing forces parallel with the membrane where ART2.2 is anchored. PMID: 12270706
The Structure of (+)-Isocorynoline (1982)

Abrtract -I?)-14-Epicorynoline 151 and ii)-13-epicorynoline 14) are synthesized from a cornon intermediate
MICA (2009)

MICA is a dependency parser which returns deep dependency representations, is fast, has state-of-the-art performance, and is freely available.
Soft x-ray population inversion by resonant photoexcitation in multicomponent laser plasmas (1976)

A scheme for population inversion in the soft x-ray (≳100 Å) region, where the upper laser level is photoexcited by resonant line radiation from an identical or different ion species, is proposed. Ion pairs that may be used in this scheme are presented. Applying the results obtained for a general case to the Mg XII ions pumped by C VI ions, it is shown that gains in excess of 100 cm−1 are possible for the 4→3 transition at ∼130 Å in typical laser-produced plasmas.
Lightweight Microstrip Patch Array for Broadband UAV Applications over 5G networks (2019)

This paper describes the design of a coaxial fed compact patch antenna with a centre frequency of 3.6 GHz for broadband Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) applications over 5G networks. A single element is designed using CST Microwave Studio software. Compared to traditional narrowband microstrip antennas, the antenna has a wider band covering the 3.4 - 3.8 GHz range thanks to a parasitic patch on top. In order to achieve a lightweight structure, the antenna proposed in this paper is designed using first Rogers RO4350 laminate substrate and then RT Duroid 5880. The particularity of this lightweight antenna relies on the use of Rohacell 31HF between the radiating patch and the parasitic one. In order to increase the gain, a 2x2 rectangular array is investigated as well within this paper. The results are compared and discussed in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern. These results show an antenna with a low profile and a simple structure that is able both to suit future 5G applications and to be a perfect candidate for future applications on board of UAVs.
Hardware support for controlled interaction of guaranteed and best-effort communication (2002)

Real-time communication typically consists of guaranteed packets that must satisfy their delivery deadlines and best-effort packets that can tolerate occasional deadline misses for improved average latency. This paper presents hardware techniques for supporting the coexistence of these two traffic classes in real-time point-to-point networks. A careful selection of routing and switching techniques, coupled with fine-grain arbitration between traffic classes, can allow network adapters to support the diverse performance requirements of best-effort and guaranteed communication. Cycle-level simulations of SPIDER (Scalable Point-to-point Interface DrivER), a network adapter for point-to-point distributed systems, demonstrate the utility of supporting multiple low-level communication policies for different classes of traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with a total posterior arthroplasty prosthesis: implant description, surgical technique, and a prospective report on 29 patients (2007)

Posterior dynamic stabilization (PDS) devices promise to relieve pain by altering the transmission of any abnormal loads across degenerative discs. These devices can function as an adjunct in the presence of anterior and posterior total disc replacement (TDR). Clinical reports on currently available PDS devices are reviewed and their applicability to TDR is discussed. Products being developed that incorporate posterior TDR prostheses with PDS devices are also reviewed. The PDS devices described can be used in conjunction with anterior TDR at the time of the initial surgery or at a later date. Posterior TDR prostheses used in conjunction with PDS devices will have a role in the marketplace in the future.
Skeletally Diverse Small Molecules Using a Build/Couple/Pair Strategy (2009)

Intermolecular couplings of simple building blocks using catalytic, stereoselective cross-Mannich reactions followed by intramolecular functional group-pairing reactions of easily accessed variants of the Mannich products are explored as a route to skeletally diverse small molecules. The synthetic pathway yields products having 12 different skeletons using only three steps and has the potential to enable substantial stereochemical diversification in the future.
A genome-wide association scan on estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (2010)

Abstract Introduction Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and may be characterized on the basis of whether estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in the tumour cells. ER status of breast cancer is important clinically, and is used both as a prognostic indicator and treatment predictor. In this study, we focused on identifying genetic markers associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association analysis of 285,984 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 617 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 4,583 controls. We also conducted a genome-wide pathway analysis on the discovery dataset using permutation-based tests on pre-defined pathways. The extent of shared polygenic variation between ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers was assessed by relating risk scores, derived using ER-positive breast cancer samples, to disease state in independent, ER-negative breast cancer cases. Results Association with ER-negative breast cancer was not validated for any of the five most strongly associated SNPs followed up in independent studies (1,011 ER-negative breast cancer cases, 7,604 controls). However, an excess of small P -values for SNPs with known regulatory functions in cancer-related pathways was found (global P = 0.052). We found no evidence to suggest that ER-negative breast cancer shares a polygenic basis to disease with ER-positive breast cancer. Conclusions ER-negative breast cancer is a distinct breast cancer subtype that merits independent analyses. Given the clinical importance of this phenotype and the likelihood that genetic effect sizes are small, greater sample sizes and further studies are required to understand the etiology of ER-negative breast cancers.
An optical implementation of adaptive resonance utilizing phase conjugation (2003)

A novel adaptive resonance theory (ART) device has been conceived that is fully optical in the input-output processing path. This device is based on holographic information processing in a phase-conjugating crystal. This sets up an associative pattern retrieval in a resonating loop utilizing angle-multiplexed reference beams for pattern classification. A reset mechanism is used to reject any given beam, allowing an ART search strategy. The design is similar to that of an existing nonlearning optical associative memory, but is does allow learning and makes use of information the other device discards. This new device is expected to offer higher information storage density that alternative ART implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Three-Dimensional Printing of High-Content Graphene Scaffolds for Electronic and Biomedical Applications (2015)

The exceptional properties of graphene enable applications in electronics, optoelectronics, energy storage, and structural composites. Here we demonstrate a 3D printable graphene (3DG) composite consisting of majority graphene and minority polylactide-co-glycolide, a biocompatible elastomer, 3D-printed from a liquid ink. This ink can be utilized under ambient conditions via extrusion-based 3D printing to create graphene structures with features as small as 100 μm composed of as few as two layers (<300 μm thick object) or many hundreds of layers (>10 cm thick object). The resulting 3DG material is mechanically robust and flexible while retaining electrical conductivities greater than 800 S/m, an order of magnitude increase over previously reported 3D-printed carbon materials. In vitro experiments in simple growth medium, in the absence of neurogenic stimuli, reveal that 3DG supports human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion, viability, proliferation, and neurogenic differentiation with significant upregulation of glial and neuronal genes. This coincides with hMSCs adopting highly elongated morphologies with features similar to axons and presynaptic terminals. In vivo experiments indicate that 3DG has promising biocompatibility over the course of at least 30 days. Surgical tests using a human cadaver nerve model also illustrate that 3DG has exceptional handling characteristics and can be intraoperatively manipulated and applied to fine surgical procedures. With this unique set of properties, combined with ease of fabrication, 3DG could be applied toward the design and fabrication of a wide range of functional electronic, biological, and bioelectronic medical and nonmedical devices.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of aneuploidization patterns in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance versus multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia (2003)

In summary, the results of the current study showed that MGUS patients displayed a high incidence of numerical alterations, which are usually associated with the presence of more than one tumor cell clone. It is interesting to note that the cytogenetic patterns observed in the aneuploid PC clones from MGUS patients were frequently different from those observed in both MM and PCL.
On the Value of Coherent and Coordinated Multi-Cell Transmission (2009)

Coordinated multi-cell processing facilitates multi-user preceding techniques across distributed base station (BS) antenna heads. This paper evaluates the performance of different coordinated multi-cell transmission methods with several channel allocation algorithms in different scenarios with varying inter- cell interference. A generalised method for joint design of linear transceivers with coordinated multi-cell processing subject to per-BS power constraints is provided for single antenna receivers. The method can accommodate a variety of scenarios from coherent multi-cell beamforming across a large virtual multiantenna broadcast channel to single-cell beamforming with inter-cell interference coordination and channel allocation. The system optimisation objectives are weighted SINR maximisation across all the transmitted data streams and weighted sum rate maximisation. The numerical examples demonstrate the value of the coherent multi-cell beamforming, which greatly outperforms the non-coherent cases especially at the cell edge. The coordinated single-cell transmission with interference avoidance and dynamic user allocation is also shown to perform relatively well with a partial spatial loading.
Viral fusion protein transmembrane domain adopts β-strand structure to facilitate membrane topological changes for virus–cell fusion (2015)

The C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) of viral fusion proteins such as HIV gp41 and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is traditionally viewed as a passive α-helical anchor of the protein to the virus envelope during its merger with the cell membrane. The conformation, dynamics, and lipid interaction of these fusion protein TMDs have so far eluded high-resolution structure characterization because of their highly hydrophobic nature. Using magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we show that the TMD of the parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) fusion protein adopts lipid-dependent conformations and interactions with the membrane and water. In phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) membranes, the TMD is predominantly α-helical, but in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) membranes, the TMD changes significantly to the β-strand conformation. Measured order parameters indicate that the strand segments are immobilized and thus oligomerized. (31)P NMR spectra and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data show that this β-strand-rich conformation converts the PE membrane to a bicontinuous cubic phase, which is rich in negative Gaussian curvature that is characteristic of hemifusion intermediates and fusion pores. (1)H-(31)P 2D correlation spectra and (2)H spectra show that the PE membrane with or without the TMD is much less hydrated than PC and PG membranes, suggesting that the TMD works with the natural dehydration tendency of PE to facilitate membrane merger. These results suggest a new viral-fusion model in which the TMD actively promotes membrane topological changes during fusion using the β-strand as the fusogenic conformation.
CHARTER: heatmap-based multi-type chart data extraction (2021)

The digital conversion of information stored in documents is a great source of knowledge. In contrast to the documents text, the conversion of the embedded documents graphics, such as charts and plots, has been much less explored. We present a method and a system for end-to-end conversion of document charts into machine readable tabular data format, which can be easily stored and analyzed in the digital domain. Our approach extracts and analyses charts along with their graphical elements and supporting structures such as legends, axes, titles, and captions. Our detection system is based on neural networks, trained solely on synthetic data, eliminating the limiting factor of data collection. As opposed to previous methods, which detect graphical elements using bounding-boxes, our networks feature auxiliary domain specific heatmaps prediction enabling the precise detection of pie charts, line and scatter plots which do not fit the rectangular bounding-box presumption. Qualitative and quantitative results show high robustness and precision, improving upon previous works on popular benchmarks
Temperature distribution in an ideal azimuthally symmetric chemical-vapor-deposition reactor (1992)

The temperature distribution in an azimuthally symmetric chemical-vapor-deposition reactor is calculated at two pressure regimes. Taken into account is the influence of a silicon wafer situated above a uniformly heated susceptor. In the low-pressure regime, where the mean free path in the gas phase is much greater than the separation between the wafer and susceptor, the wafer is heated solely by radiation. The temperature at the wafer surface can be ∼20% lower than the susceptor temperature and the temperature drop is nearly independent of the thermal conductivity of the surrounding gas. In the high-pressure regime, where continuum flow exists between the susceptor and the wafer, the later is heated by conduction, convection, and radiation. The temperature at the wafer surface can be ∼10% lower than that of the susceptor and the temperature drop is strongly influenced by the distance separating the wafer and the susceptor, and by the thermal conductivity of the gas. In both pressure regimes, nonuniform temperature profiles develop at the wafer surface and in the gas phase directly above the wafer. In the reactor geometry studied, a nonuniform susceptor temperature profile would be required to produce uniform wafer and gas-phase temperature profiles.
Recent results in HV measurement techniques (1995)

There has long been an intensive activity in the area of measurement technology for HV applications, both for testing, diagnostics and monitoring of HV devices and for investigation of material properties. This paper briefly surveys some methods developed and used: partial discharge (PD) detection in cable terminations using acoustics together with inductive techniques, inductive and capacitive on-line PD monitoring of power transformers, and measurement of charge distributions in solid dielectrics with the pressure-wave propagation and pulsed electro-acoustic techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Robust image, depth, and occlusion generation from uncalibrated stereo (2008)

Philips is developing a product line of multi-view auto-stereoscopic 3D displays.<sup>1</sup> For interfacing, the image-plus-depth format is used.<sup>2, 3</sup> Being independent of specific display properties, such as number of views, view mapping on pixel grid, etc., this interface format allows optimal multi-view visualisation of content from many different sources, while maintaining interoperability between display types. A vastly growing number of productions from the entertainment industry are aiming at 3D movie theatres. These productions use a two view format, primarily intended for eye-wear assisted viewing. It has been shown<sup>4</sup> how to convert these sequences into the image-plus-depth format. This results in a single layer depth profile, lacking information about areas that are occluded and can be revealed by the stereoscopic parallax. Recently, it has been shown how to compute for intermediate views for a stereo pair.<sup>4, 5</sup> Unfortunately, these approaches are not compatible to the image-plus-depth format, which might hamper the applicability for broadcast 3D television.<sup>3</sup>
Effects of Terpinen-4-ol on Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells In Vitro (2020)

T4O, even at levels 10-fold to 100-fold lower than demodicidal concentrations, is toxic to HMGECs in vitro.
Synthesis and Structure of Stereoisomeric Multivicinal Hexafluoroalkanes (2009)

Rational expectations: Molecules containing six contiguous fluorine atoms along a carbon backbone have been synthesized in a stereocontrolled manner. X-ray crystallography shows that the fluoroalkane can adopt a helical or a zigzag shape depending on the stereochemical pattern (see structures). These findings are rationalized by simple stereochemical effects associated with CF bonds. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Polyadenylation of telomerase RNA in budding yeast. (1997)

Telomerase RNA is a subunit of a stable ribonucleoprotein particle required for telomere replication. We find that, at steady state, 5-10% of the telomerase RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis contains a poly(A) tail of about 80 nt. In S. cerevisiae, the poly(A)+ fraction quickly disappeared when a conditional pap1 or rna15 mutant was shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, indicating that polyadenylation is accomplished by the same machinery that polyadenylates mRNAs. Potential cis-acting polyadenylation elements were identified in the telomerase RNA sequence; when they were mutagenized, the polyadenylation pattern shifted, but was not eliminated. The corresponding mutants displayed wild-type growth. By putting the RNA under the control of an inducible promoter, we were able to show that synthesis of the poly(A)+ RNA precedes that of the poly(A)- fraction. This supports, but does not prove, a model in which all telomerase RNA is first polyadenylated and then rapidly processed to give the stable poly(A)-form. Cell cycle arrest experiments showed an increase in the poly(A)+ form between G1 and S phase, consistent with an induction of telomerase RNA transcription at the time of DNA replication.
Interference of functional monomers with polymerization efficiency of adhesives (2016)

The degree of conversion (DC) of camphorquinone/amine-based adhesives is affected by acidic functional monomers as a result of inactivation of the amine co-initiator through an acid-base reaction. During bonding, functional monomers of self-etch adhesives chemically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Here, we tested in how far the latter interaction of functional monomers with HAp counteracts the expected reduction in DC of camphorquinone/amine-based adhesives. The DC of three experimental adhesive formulations, containing either of the two functional monomers [10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) or 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid anhydride (4-META)] or no functional monomer (no-FM; control), was measured with and without HAp powder added to the adhesive formulations. Both the variables 'functional monomer' and 'HAp' were found to be significant, with the functional monomer reducing the DC and HAp counteracting this effect. It is concluded that the functional monomers 10-MDP and 4-META interfere with the polymerization efficiency of adhesives. This interference is less prominent in the presence of HAp, which would clinically correspond to when these two functional monomers of the adhesive simultaneously interact with HAp in tooth tissue.
Subacromial Bursal Tissue and Surrounding Matrix of Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Repair Contains Progenitor Cells (2021)

This presence of progenitor cells, in particular, in the subacromial bursal tissue provides a potential basis for future applications of augmentation purposes in rotator cuff healing, and calls into question the practice of routine bursectomy. As the potential role of bursal tissue contents in growth and regeneration in the setting of rotator cuff healing is more well understood, maintaining this tissue may become more relevant. Concentration of these cellular components for use in autologous re-implantation is also an avenue of interest.