gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable and Tunable Metamaterials: A Review of the Theory and Applications (2014)

Metamaterials are being applied to the development and construction of many new devices throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. Limitations posed by the metamaterial operational bandwidth and losses can be effectively mitigated through the incorporation of tunable elements into the metamaterial devices. There are a wide range of approaches that have been advanced in the literature for adding reconfiguration to metamaterial devices all the way from the RF through the optical regimes, but some techniques are useful only for certain wavelength bands. A range of tuning techniques span from active circuit elements introduced into the resonant conductive metamaterial geometries to constituent materials that change electromagnetic properties under specific environmental stimuli. This paper presents a survey of the development of reconfigurable and tunable metamaterial technology as well as of the applications where such capabilities are valuable.
Fluoride interaction with G-proteins (1989)

Correspondence| March 15 1989 Fluoride interaction with G-proteins J M Stadel; J M Stadel Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S T Crooke S T Crooke Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1989) 258 (3): 932–933. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2580932 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J M Stadel, S T Crooke; Fluoride interaction with G-proteins. Biochem J 15 March 1989; 258 (3): 932–933. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2580932 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 London: The Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Relationship between lateral diffusion, collision frequency, and electron transfer of mitochondrial inner membrane oxidation-reduction components. (1984)

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of the oxidation-reduction (redox) components ubiquinone, complex III (cytochromes b-c1), cytochrome c, and complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) of the mitochondrial inner membrane. All redox components diffuse in two dimensions as common-pool electron carriers. Cytochrome c diffuses in two and three dimensions concomitantly, and its diffusion rate, unlike that of all other redox components, is modulated along with its activity by ionic strength. The diffusion coefficients established in this study reveal that the theoretical diffusion-controlled collision frequencies of all redox components are greater than their experimental maximum (uncoupled) turnover numbers. Since electron transport is slower than the theoretical limit set by the lateral diffusion of the redox components, ordered chains, assemblies, or aggregates of redox components are not necessary to account for electron transport. Rather, mitochondrial electron transport is diffusion coupled, consistent with a "random-collision model" for electron transport.
Integrated high reflectivity silicon substrates for GaN LEDs (2012)

Abstract Growth of GaN on epitaxial distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) capable of 80% reflectivity at typical III‐N based LED operating wavelengths is presented. Such structures are formed by growing single crystal multilayers of gadolinium oxide‐silicon stacks on silicon (111) substrates. The large refractive index difference between gadolinium oxide and silicon (Δn = 2.2) allows highly reflective DBR mirrors to be achieved at as little as three periods. Growth of GaN is demonstrated on the DBR mirrors making these structures suitable for GaN based LED growth. DBR mirrors embedded in this engineered substrate act as a reflecting mirror for incident light from a LED grown on top of this substrate. This potentially allows increased light extraction and higher output power from these LEDs compared to that of similar LEDs grown on silicon substrates. Performance of DBR mirrors with GaN top layers as a function of the incident angle of a 488 nm laser is investigated. X‐ray diffraction and TEM are used for structural characterization of these grown structures. This engineered substrate, Mirrored Silicon TM , is suitable for high volume manufacturing at 150 and 200 mm wafers sizes. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High-Inductance-Density, Air-Core, Power Inductors, and Transformers Designed for Operation at 100–500 MHz (2010)

This paper presents the microfabrication and measurement of high-inductance-density, moderate-Q, air-core inductors, and transformers intended for switch-mode power supplies operating in the 100-500 MHz frequency range. The inductors and transformers were fabricated on Pyrex substrates with four layers of electrodeposited copper with each layer up to 10 ¿m thick. Stacked winding layers allowed for mutual coupling between layers to increase areal inductance density. Inductors of various designs exhibited inductance densities of up to 100 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and quality factors approaching 20 in the frequency range of interest. Transformers were formed by interleaving primary and secondary coils and were designed with increased inductance in the secondary coil for voltage gain. A fabricated transformer, 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm in area, yielded 46 nH primary inductance and 500 nH secondary inductance with a coupling coefficient of 0.63. Measurements indicated that a maximum transformer efficiency of 78% at 125 MHz would be possible.
Commercially available rigid gas-permeable contact lens for protecting the cornea from drying during vitrectomy with a wide viewing system (2012)

The RGP contact lens provided visibility similar to or clearer than that obtained with other methods. Because of its ease of use and lower cost, use of the RGP contact lens is ideal during vitrectomy performed with a wide-angle viewing system.
INFLUENCE OF SOLIDS CHARACTERISTICS AND DEWATERING PROCESS ON VOLATILE SULFUR COMPOUND PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED BIOSOLIDS (2003)

INFLUENCE OF SOLIDS CHARACTERISTICS AND DEWATERING PROCESS ON VOLATILE SULFUR COMPOUND PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED BIOSOLIDSThis study focused on the evaluation of impacts of solids characteristics and dewatering equipment on volatile sulfur compound (VSC) production from anaerobically digested biosolids. Biosolids cakes were obtained from full-scale and laboratory-scale dewatering trials and were anaerobically stored for several days. The headspace of the samples was analyzed for VSC. To understand the impact of...Author(s)Sudhir MurthyMatthew HigginsYen-Chih ChenWilliam ToffeyJim GolembeskiSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 13 Odor Issues and PerspectivesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2003ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20030101)2003:1L.858;1-DOI10.2175/193864703784292151Volume / Issue2003 / 1Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)858 - 874Copyright2003Word count375
Results of beam characterization measurements on PBFA II (abstract) (1990)

Recent experiments were performed at PBFA II to characterize the ion beam on-axis. The targets were comprised of two parts. One was a conical gold foil whose beam-induced fluorescence was used to obtain a beam footprint and a measurement of beam voltage. The gold also served as a Rutherford scattering source for an ion pinhole camera. The other part was an on-axis Li cylinder, contained within the gold cone, whose gamma output was used as a beam calorimeter. We present the results of this data.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxy‐ and Aminocarbonylation of Vinyl Tosylates. (2011)

Abstract A variety of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols and primary or secondary amines is applied.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Iron(II) Complexes with Tetradentate Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)–Bis(pyridine) (NCCN) Ligands (2012)

Three novel iron(II) complexes bearing tetradentate ligands of the type pyridine–bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)–pyridine (NCCN) have been synthesized. The compounds trans-diacetonitrile[bis(o-imidazol-2-ylidenepyridine)alkane]iron(II) hexafluorophosphate (alkane = methane (2a), ethane (2b)) and cis-diacetonitrile[1,3-bis(o-imidazol-2-ylidenepyridine)propane]iron(II) hexafluorophosphate (2c) have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements show reversible oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). The rotational barrier of the bridge has been determined via variable-temperature NMR (VT-NMR) studies of 2b. In all complexes, the Fe centers coordinate—in addition to the NCCN ligands—two acetonitrile ligands in the solid state as well as in solution. The alkylene bridge connecting the two NHCs has an influence on the coordination mode of the NCCN ligands. Whereas the methylene- and ethylene-bridged NHC moieties lead to a nearly planar geometry of the NCCN ligand and two trans-positioned acetonitrile ligands, the propylene-bridged complex 2c exhibits a sawhorse-type coordination mode, with two cis-oriented acetonitrile ligands. The reactivity of the synthesized complexes toward substitution of the solvent ligands was investigated, showing that acetonitrile is readily substituted by benzonitrile. Upon addition of carbon monoxide, one acetonitrile ligand is replaced by CO to yield complexes 3a–c, as shown by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as by XRD in the case of compound 3c.
N-Linked Glycans Are Assembled on Highly Reduced Dolichol Phosphate Carriers in the Hyperthermophilic Archaea Pyrococcus furiosus (2015)

In all three domains of life, N-glycosylation begins with the assembly of glycans on phosphorylated polyisoprenoid carriers. Like eukaryotes, archaea also utilize phosphorylated dolichol for this role, yet whereas the assembled oligosaccharide is transferred to target proteins from dolichol pyrophosphate in eukaryotes, archaeal N-linked glycans characterized to date are derived from a dolichol monophosphate carrier, apart from a single example. In this study, glycan-charged dolichol phosphate from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was identified and structurally characterized. Normal and reverse phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed the existence of dolichol phosphate charged with the heptasaccharide recently described in in vitro studies of N-glycosylation on this species. As with other described archaeal dolichol phosphates, the α- and ω-terminal isoprene subunits of the P. furiosus lipid are saturated, in contrast to eukaryal phosphodolichols that present only a saturated α-position isoprene subunit. Interestingly, an additional 1-4 of the 12-14 isoprene subunits comprising P. furiosus dolichol phosphate are saturated, making this lipid not only the longest archaeal dolichol phosphate described to date but also the most highly saturated.
Label-free hyperspectral dark-field microscopy for quantitative scatter imaging (2017)

A hyperspectral dark-field microscope has been developed for imaging spatially distributed diffuse reflectance spectra from light-scattering samples. In this report, quantitative scatter spectroscopy is demonstrated with a uniform scattering phantom, namely a solution of polystyrene microspheres. A Monte Carlo-based inverse model was used to calculate the reduced scattering coefficients of samples of different microsphere concentrations from wavelength-dependent backscattered signal measured by the dark-field microscope. The results are compared to the measurement results from a NIST double-integrating sphere system for validation. Ongoing efforts involve quantitative mapping of scattering and absorption coefficients in samples with spatially heterogeneous optical properties.
Novel Electrical Method for the Rapid Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Assay of Bactericidal/Bacteriostatic Activity (2013)

We present a rapid (4-hr) electrical method for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing that not only yields the MIC of candidate antibiotics, but also simultaneously determines the antibiotics’ effect on the bacteria (bactericidal/bacteriostatic). Unlike conventional “impedance microbiology” methods that rely on measuring the effects of bacterial metabolism on the conductance/impedance of the suspension at a single chosen frequency, our method uses measurements at 500 frequencies between 1 KHz and 100 MHz to estimate the amount of electric charge stored due to charge-polarization at intact cell-membranes of living bacteria (the suspension “bulk capacitance”). By doing so, we are able to track the number of live bacteria in suspensions as the observations are taken (every 1 hour). It thus determines whether the numbers of viable bacteria present is increasing (bacteria proliferating in presence of antibiotic), decreasing (bacteria being killed) or holding steady (bacterial numbers held static). Three well-characterized bacterial strains (E. coli ATCC- 25922, S. aureus ATCC-29213 and P. aeruginosa ATCC-27853) were tested against a range of concentrations (0 to 128 mg/l) of known static and cidal antibiotics. For each sample (bacterial strain at a given concentration of antibiotic), statistical analysis of the “bulk capacitance” values, recorded over 4 hours was used to determine whether the bacteria were proliferating, being killed, or being held static. The minimum concentration of antibiotic for which the bacteria were killed or failed to proliferate is considered the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MICs obtained fell within the expected range for the strains tested, and “static” and “cidal” antibiotics were correctly identified. This method thus demonstrates the potential to provide in 4 hrs, clinically relevant information such as the MIC of bacterial strains (that currently take up to 2 days) and the mode of action (static/cidal) that currently takes an additional day.
Antibodies and the Brain: Lessons from Lupus (2010)

![Figure][1] 

Betty Diamond



My laboratory has been studying lupus for about 25 years. I was first introduced to autoimmunity as a medical student. Kurt Bloch gave five lectures on all of immunology, and they were mesmerizing. I became committed to lupus research when I learned that Flannery
Antagonizing Deactivating Cytokines To Enhance Host Defense and Chemotherapy in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis (2005)

In experimental visceral leishmaniasis, inhibition of interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling enhances Th1-cell-associated responses, promoting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, granuloma assembly, macrophage activation with substantial liver parasite killing, and synergy with pentavalent antimony (Sb) chemotherapy. To determine if inhibiting other suppressive cytokines has similar therapeutic potential, Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice were injected with anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody or receptor fusion antagonists of IL-13 or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Targeting IL-13 or TGF-beta enabled inhibition of L. donovani replication but little parasite killing; anti-IL-4 had no effect. None of the three antagonists promoted IFN-gamma production, granuloma maturation, or Sb efficacy. Excess IL-13 and TGF-beta exacerbated liver infection; however, effects were transient. Among IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, and TGF-beta, cytokines capable of disabling Th1-cell mechanisms (including those which support chemotherapy), IL-10 appears to be the appropriate target for therapeutic inhibition in visceral L. donovani infection.
Testing the Bio-compatibility of Aluminum PDFU BRIC Hardware (2012)

Biological research in an orbital environment necessitates the containment of the sample and its associated chemical fixatives. The Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware developed by Kennedy Space Center has been widely used in several configurations to support biological experiments on the Shuttle and ISS. The current model of BRIC hardware contains six Petri Dish Fixation Units (PDFUs), each of which holds one Petri plate containing the specimen. This study compares traditional polycarbonate PDFUs to PDFUs primarily composed of aluminum with respect to their biocompatibility with Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) growth and development. Seeds were planted on nutrient agar plates and inserted into either polycarbonate or aluminum PDFUs, which were then secured in the BRIC hardware. Plates were allowed to develop in the PDFUs in the dark for a period of 12 days, after which they were preserved by either RNAlater or Glutaraldehyde, harvested, photographed, RNA-extracted, and prepared for gene expression analyses. Direct comparison of the etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings from the polycarbonate and aluminum PDFUs presented no discernible morphological differences, nor were there any significant differences between the expression levels of several target genes chosen for their sensitivity in reporting an aluminum stress response.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Androgen Receptor Signaling Regulates DNA Repair in Prostate Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 - PDF file 1194K, Gamma-H2AX foci and Comet assay normalized of LNCaP plus or minus androgen normalized to time 0&lt;/p&gt;
Understanding the Effects of Epitaxy Artifacts on SiGe HBT Performance through Detailed Process/Device Simulation (2013)

Faceting at the periphery of the shallow trench isolation during SiGe epitaxial base growth and its influence on SiGe HBT collector-base capacitance are investigated utilizing Technology Computer Aided Design techniques. The simulations suggest peripheral diffusion of boron from the extrinsic base into the intrinsic device may be attributed to depletion of germanium and carbon on the faceted plane that drives the boron diffusion and contributes to the collector-base capacitance, Ccb. Increases in the angle of the facet relative to the {110} plane are shown to reduce Ccb. Moreover, a significant reduction in Ccb was observed with no faceting, suggesting that moving the facet away from the active silicon region was desirable for reducing this key parasitic capacitance. These results serve to highlight the role that faceting plays in extrinsic device parasitic capacitances and identifies a focus area for scaling the device capacitance.
CH Oxidation of Ingenanes Enables Potent and Selective Protein Kinase C Isoform Activation (2015)

Abstract Ingenol derivatives with varying degrees of oxidation were prepared by two‐phase terpene synthesis. This strategy has allowed access to analogues that cannot be prepared by semisynthesis from natural ingenol. Complex ingenanes resulting from divergent CH oxidation of a common intermediate were found to interact with protein kinase C in a manner that correlates well with the oxidation state of the ingenane core. Even though previous work on ingenanes has suggested a strong correlation between potential to activate PKC δ and induction of neutrophil oxidative burst, the current study shows that the potential to activate PKCβII is of key importance while interaction with PKC δ is dispensable. Thus, key modifications of the ingenane core allowed PKC isoform selectivity wherein PKCδ‐driven activation of keratinocytes is strongly reduced or even absent while PKCβII‐driven activation of neutrophils is retained.
EVALUATION OF DEFORMATION AT SHEAR FAILURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN AND BEAM AFTER FLEXURAL YIELDING (2013)

The method to evaluate deformation at shear failure of reinforced concrete columns or beams after flexural yielding is proposed. The proposed method is based on the stress condition at the critical end of members that is the equation between force action and resistant capacity on the orthogonal cross-section of the compressive strut. The advantage of this method is simple and contains the effective factors related to the deformation capacity, shear stress ratio, axial stress ratio, shear reinforcement ratio. The statistical analysis based on previous researches shows that the method has a sufficient accuracy comparing to other method.
The Search for Bacteria and Viruses in the Stratosphere (2020)

As we enter a new decade a plethora of evidence pointing to our cosmic origins is close to the point of being overwhelming. The possibility that viruses and bacteria of extraterrestrial origin are implicated in the onset and propagation of pandemic diseases, although still a controversial hypothesis, is also coming to the fore as one of the more plausible explanations of recent epidemiologic data. A long-entrenched paradigm of Earth-centred biology appears to prevail in scientific culture, which we believe is stifling serious concern for monitoring the Earth's stratosphere for incoming bacteria and viruses and in consequence our safety. A matter of crucial importance for the next decade is to carry out a single decisive experiment that is long overdue -establishing empirically that extraterrestrial microbiota are continually being resupplied to the stratosphere and reaching Earth in biologically significant numbers.
Switching Transport through Nanopores with pH-Responsive Polymer Brushes for Controlled Ion Permeability (2013)

Several nanoporous platforms were functionalized with pH-responsive poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The growth of the PMAA brush and its pH-responsive behavior from the nanoporous platforms were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The swelling behavior of the pH-responsive PMAA brushes grafted only from the nanopore walls was investigated by AFM in aqueous liquid environment with pH values of 4 and 8. AFM images displayed open nanopores at pH 4 and closed ones at pH 8, which rationalizes their use as gating platforms. Ion conductivity across the nanopores was investigated with current-voltage measurements at various pH values. Enhanced higher resistance across the nanopores was observed in a neutral polymer brush state (lower pH values) and lower resistance when the brush was charged (higher pH values). By adding a fluorescent dye in an environment of pH 4 or pH 8 at one side of the PMAA-brush functionalized nanopore array chips, diffusion across the nanopores was followed. These experiments displayed faster diffusion rates of the fluorescent molecules at pH 4 (PMAA neutral state, open pores) and slower diffusion at pH 8 (PMAA charged state, closed pores) showing the potential of this technology toward nanoscale valve applications.
Near-field investigation of the effect of the array edge on the resonance of loop frequency selective surface elements at mid-infrared wavelengths (2015)

Mid-infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy, in combination with far-field infrared spectroscopy, and simulations, was employed to investigate the effect of mutual-element coupling towards the edge of arrays of loop elements acting as frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). Two different square loop arrays on ZnS over a ground plane, resonant at 10.3 µm, were investigated. One array had elements that were closely spaced while the other array had elements with greater inter-element spacing. In addition to the dipolar resonance, we observed a new emergent resonance associated with the edge of the closely-spaced array as a finite size effect, due to the broken translational invariance.