gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Plunge Needle Recording for Effective Detection of Purkinje Activation (2006)

Direct recording of Purkinje fiber activity may lead to a better understanding of the role of the specialized conduction system in pathological cardiac conditions. Two studies were conducted in pigs to determine guidelines for effective plunge needle recording techniques. In the first experiment, Purkinje fiber activations were recorded at 16 KHz with 3 bipolar electrodes (2 mm spacing) on epoxy plunge needles, and were later lowpass filtered and downsampled to determine the rate required for effective identification of Purkinje activation. Purkinje spikes were identifiable at sampling rates of 4 KHz and greater, but were not easily distinguished at sampling rates of 2 KHz or less. In the second experiment, 4 plunge needles with 15 electrodes (1 mm spacing) were inserted 8 times into different locations around the left ventricle. Unipolar (15 per needle) and bipolar (14 per needle) signals were recorded simultaneously at a sampling rate of 8 KHz. Purkinje activations were identified in 13/32 plunge needle sites. Of the 13 sites with identified Purkinje activations, 10 were within 2 mm of the endocardium. Bipolar recordings demonstrated Purkinje potentials that were 13% of the amplitude of the following myocardial activation, while unipolar recordings from the same electrodes recorded Purkinje potentials that were only 5% of the amplitude of the following myocardial activations. Three guidelines were developed for effective Purkinje fiber recording: 1) use a minimum sampling rate of 4 KHz., 2) record near the endocardium, and 3) use bipolar rather than unipolar recording electrodes.
Optimal quantum detectors for unambiguous detection of mixed states (9 pages) (2004)

Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue virus, is well established throughout urban areas of the Southwestern US, including Tucson, AZ. Local transmission of the dengue virus, however, has not been reported in this area. Although many factors influence the distribution of the dengue virus, we hypothesize that one contributing factor is that the lifespan of female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the Southwestern US is too short for the virus to complete development and be transmitted to a new host. To test this we utilized two age grading techniques. First, we determined parity by analyzing ovarian tracheation and found that only 40% of Ae. aegypti females collected in Tucson, AZ were parous. The second technique determined transcript levels of an age-associated gene, Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein 1 (SCP-1). SCP-1 expression decreased in a predictable manner as the age of mosquitoes increased regardless of rearing conditions and reproductive status. We developed statistical models based on parity and SCP-1 expression to determine the age of individual, field collected mosquitoes within three age brackets: nonvectors (0-5 days post-emergence), unlikely vectors (6-14 days post-emergence), and potential vectors (15+ days post-emergence). The statistical models allowed us to accurately group individual wild mosquitoes into the three age brackets with high confidence. SCP-1 expression levels of individual, field collected mosquitoes were analyzed in conjunction with parity status. Based on SCP-1 transcript levels and parity data, 9% of collected mosquitoes survived more than 15 days post emergence.
Institutional report - Congenital Brain natriuretic peptide is removed by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration in pediatric patients (2009)

We wanted to evaluate if brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is cleared during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) sessions in children with congenital heart disease. A prospective observational single-center study was conducted in a post-cardiac surgery intensive care unit of the city children’s hospital. Ten children requiring CVVH for acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery were enrolled. Seven of them were undergoing postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. BNP clearance was evaluated by the difference between pre-filter and post-filter BNP blood amount indexed to pre-filter BNP concentration. All CVVH treatments were performed with 0.6 m 2 polyacrylonitrile filter, in predilution setting, at a dose of 80 mlykgyh. Troponin I and myoglobin levels were also measured and CVVH clearances of these markers calculated for comparison with BNP. A significant decrease in post-filter compared with pre-filter levels of BNP was shown in all 10 cases (P-0.01). Median BNP clearance was 35.6 (29–39.3) mlymin. Troponin I and myoglobin levels did not show any significant drop between pre- and post-filter values (P)0.05) and their clearance was significantly lower than BNP (P: 0.0004). A daily analysis of BNP levels showed a significant decrease of its blood concentration. BNP levels were significantly reduced after three and four days from CVVH start (P-0.05). During 80 mlykgyh CVVH, utilizing polyacrylonitrile membranes, BNP is efficiently cleared from blood in a small cohort of pediatric post-cardiosurgical patients. In this situation, BNP absolute blood levels may be unpredictable. 2009 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
Ultra‐fast Cycling for Multiplexed Cellular Fluorescence Imaging (2020)

Abstract Rapid analysis of single and scant cell populations is essential in modern diagnostics, yet existing methods are often limited and slow. Herein, we describe an ultra‐fast, highly efficient cycling method for the analysis of single cells based on unique linkers for tetrazine (Tz)/ trans ‐cyclooctene (TCO)‐mediated quenching. Surprisingly, the quenching reaction rates were more than 3 orders of magnitude faster ( t 1/2 &lt;1 s) than predicted. This allowed multi‐cycle staining and immune cell profiling within an hour, leveraging the accelerated kinetics to open new diagnostic possibilities for rapid cellular analyses.
Engineering of Isogenic Cells Deficient for MR1 with a CRISPR/Cas9 Lentiviral System: Tools To Study Microbial Antigen Processing and Presentation to Human MR1-Restricted T Cells (2016)

The nonclassical HLA molecule MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) presents metabolites of the vitamin B synthesis pathways to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and other MR1-restricted T cells. This new class of Ags represents a variation on the classical paradigm of self/non-self discrimination because these T cells are activated through their TCR by small organic compounds generated during microbial vitamin B2 synthesis. Beyond the fundamental significance, the invariant nature of MR1 across the human population is a tantalizing feature for the potential development of universal immune therapeutic and diagnostic tools. However, many aspects of MR1 Ag presentation and MR1-restricted T cell biology remain unknown, and the ubiquitous expression of MR1 across tissues and cell lines can be a confounding factor for experimental purposes. In this study, we report the development of a novel CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing lentiviral system and its use to efficiently disrupt MR1 expression in A459, THP-1, and K562 cell lines. We generated isogenic MR1(-/-) clonal derivatives of the A549 lung carcinoma and THP-1 monocytic cell lines and used these to study T cell responses to intracellular pathogens. We confirmed that MAIT cell clones were unable to respond to MR1(-/-) clones infected with bacteria whereas Ag presentation by classical and other nonclassical HLAs was unaffected. This system represents a robust and efficient method to disrupt the expression of MR1 and should facilitate investigations into the processing and presentation of MR1 Ags as well as into the biology of MAIT cells.
Targeting Myddosome Signaling in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia with the Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1/4 Inhibitor R191 (2018)

Taken together, these data support the translation of R191 as an approach to target IRAK1/4 to the clinic for patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
Rationalising fixed dose combinations for tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome therapy (2010)

Poorly managed healthcare can be directly attributed to extensive drug regimens. Numerous chronic illnesses and epidemics such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis require elaborate drug regimens for efficacious therapeutic outcomes. Various drug delivery systems have been developed to simplify their regimental drug therapy. However, more effective and innovative drug delivery technologies are required to increase patient compliance and provide controlled drug delivery. This review article attempts to provide a concise incursion into the use of fixed dose combinations as a strategy for drug delivery and describes the opportunities and challenges for the treatment of conditions that require chronic suppressive regimental drug therapy.
Digital holography microscopy (DHM): fast and robust systems for industrial inspection with interferometer resolution (2005)

With the recent technological advances, there is an increasing need for measurement systems providing interferometer resolution for inspection of large quantities of individual samples in manufacturing environments.. Such applications require high measurement rates, robustness, ease of use, and non-contact systems. We show here that Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), a new method that implements digitally the principle of holography, is particularly well suited for such industrial applications. With the present computers power and the developments of digital cameras, holograms can be numerically interpreted within a tenth of second to provide simultaneously: the phase information, which reveals object surface with vertical resolution at the nanometer scale along the optical axis, and intensity images, as obtained by conventional optical microscope. The strength of DHM lies in particular on the use of the so-called off-axis configuration, which enables to capture the whole information by a single image acquisition, i.e. typically during a few ten of microseconds. These extremely short acquisition times make DHM systems insensitive to vibrations. These instruments can operate without vibration insulation means, making them a cost effective solution not only for R&D, but also especially for an implementation on production lines. Numerous application examples are presented in this paper such as shape and surface characterization of high aspect ratio micro-optics, surface nanostructures, and surface roughness.
UV-induced photochemical reactions and point defects in photorefractive SiO2:GeO2 and implanted SiO2 glasses (1995)

SiO 2 :Ge(10 %) glasses prepared by the vapor phase deposition were exposed tp ultraviolet radiation from a filtered Hg discharge lamp ( 4.9 eV )and excimer lasers ( ArF : 6.4 eV, KrF : 5.0 eV, and XeCl 4.0 eV). Two photochemical reaction channels were ascertained : (1) The exposure to the lamp irradiation ( ~ 16 mW/cm 2 ) induced Ge E' centers accompanied by bleaching of the absorption component (peaking at 5.06 eV) due to the neutral oxygen monovacancies ( NOMV ) and emergence of an intense band near 6.4 eV and a shoulder at around 5.7 eV. (2) Irradiation with the excimer lasers ( pulse duration; 20 ns ) generated two types of paramagnetic defects, electron trapped centers ( GEC) 1 associated with four-fold coordinated two Ge ions or a Ge ion and a Si ion and a self-trapped hole center ( STH: bridging oxygen trapping a hole ) 2 . The striking difference in induced ESR centers are evident in fig. 1. The former and the latter were concluded to be caused via one-photon and two-photon absorption processes ( an example indicating 2-photon process is shown for ArF laser in fig.2), respectively.
Preparation of Stable Photopatternable Polymeric Materials for Non- linear Optics (1993)

Several new functionalized chromophores have been prepared and tested in the preparation of optically stable, photopatternable, NLO polymers for second harmonic generation at the diode laser wavelength of 820 nm. In particular, chromophores containing the sulfonamide or sulfonate ester functionalities have been found to be extremely versatile as they allow attachment of a polymerizable group at the electron-poor end of NLO chromophores. The results of model studies confirm that the sulfonamide groups do not have a deleterious effect on NLO properties. Several new monomers containing 4-alkoxy-4'- sulfonamido-stilbene moieties have been prepared. The 4- alkoxy end of the chromophore 'is designed to allow its incorporation into a linear polymer backbone. The sulfonamido end of the chromophore has a polymerizable double bond that can be photocrosslinked after poling of the chromophores. As it is extremely important to carry out the photopatterning step without affecting the NLO chromophore or introducing any color into the imaged polymer, novel photoinitiators were tested and found to be suitable. The radiation induced photo-patterning step can be done without causing isomerization of the stilbene chromophores, or introducing any color into the patterned coating
Artificial Intelligence Augmentation for Channel State Information in 5G and 6G (2023)

In this article, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation framework for physical layer communication applicable to both 5G and future 6G networks. The framework classifies the channel state information (CSI), and uses the classified CSI knowledge to adapt transmission configurations, perform resource optimization, and improve essential signal processing modules such as channel estimation. We demonstrate feasibility and benefits of the proposed AI augmentation in different use cases in the 5G NR context, such as beamforming mode adaptation, reference signal resource optimization, and link adaptation, as well as channel estimation. The framework also allows extension to resolve future 6G challenges.
Synthesis of alkyl-branched main chain copolyimides and their effect on the pretilt angles of liquid crystal alignment (2002)

Three series of copolyimides containing long alkyl branches were synthesized using the two-step method via poly(amic acid) precursors and chemical imidization. Most of the copolyimides prepared are soluble in polar organic solvents. Good liquid crystal alignment was achieved by buffing the copolyimide films spin-coated onto indium tin oxide glass substrates. The measured liquid crystal pretilt angles range from 0.16degrees to 15.54degrees. The Titan simulation program was used to calculate the dipole of each dianhydride structure and correlate with the observed pretilt angles. Main chain copolyimides with a long alkyl side chain, small dipole, and linear, symmetric and rigid core structures are favourable for generating large pretilt angles.
IMPACT OF THE BANFF ???97 CLASSIFICATION FOR HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF REJECTION ON CLINICAL OUTCOME AND RENAL FUNCTION PARAMETERS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (2000)

We confirmed a significant association between the revised Banff '97 classification and graft outcome. Intimal arteritis was the only significant predictor of a poor survival probability. The distinction of borderline rejection and Banff grade I rejection seems to be important from a prognostic point of view.
Non-invasive and real-time passive acoustic mapping of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery (2014)

New classes of biologically active materials, such as viruses, siRNA, antibodies and a wide range of engineered nanoparticles have emerged as potent agents for diagnosing and treating diseases, yet many of these agents fail because there is no effective route of delivery to their intended targets. Focused ultrasound and its ability to drive microbubble-seeded cavitation have been shown to facilitate drug delivery. However, cavitation is difficult to control temporally and spatially, making prediction of therapeutic outcomes deep in the body difficult. Here, we utilized passive acoustic mapping in vivo to understand how ultrasound parameters influence cavitation dynamics and to correlate spatial maps of cavitation to drug delivery. Focused ultrasound (center frequency: 0.5 MHz, peak-rarefactional pressure: 1.2 MPa, pulse length: 25 cycles or 50,000 cycles, pulse repetition interval: 0.02, 0.2, 1 or 3 s, number of pulses: 80 pulses) was applied to murine xenograft-model tumors in vivo during systemic injection of microbubbles with and without cavitation-sensitive liposomes or type 5 adenoviruses. Analysis of in vivo cavitation dynamics through several pulses revealed that cavitation was more efficiently produced at a lower pulse repetition frequency of 1 Hz than at 50 Hz. Within a pulse, inertial cavitation activity was shown to persist but reduced to 50% and 25% of its initial magnitude in 4.3 and 29.3 ms, respectively. Both through several pulses and within a pulse, the spatial distribution of cavitation was shown to change in time due to variations in microbubble distribution present in tumors. Finally, we demonstrated that the centroid of the mapped cavitation activity was within 1.33 ± 0.6 mm and 0.36 mm from the centroid location of drug release from liposomes and expression of the reporter gene encoded by the adenovirus, respectively. Thus passive acoustic mapping not only unraveled key mechanisms whereby a successful outcome is achieved, but also a predicted drug delivery outcome.
Anti-tumor efficacy and biodistribution of intravenous polymeric micellar paclitaxel (1997)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diblock copolymer poly(DL-lactide)-block-methoxy polyethylene glycol as an i.v. delivery vehicle for paclitaxel. Nude mice were implanted s.c. with fragments of MV-522 lung carcinomas and treated with paclitaxel on a daily x 5 schedule when tumors were approximately 5x5 mm in size. Cremophor paclitaxel or polymeric micellar paclitaxel were given i.p. or i.v. at the maximum tolerated dose (Cremophor paclitaxel MTD: 20 mg/kg/day i.v. or i.p.; micellar paclitaxel MTD: 25 mg/kg/day i.v. or 100 mg/kg/day i.p.). The tumors were measured using callipers during the experiment and accurately weighted at the end. Two biodistribution studies were carried out. In one study, the nude mice were given micellar paclitaxel at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.v. or 100 mg/kg i.p. In another study, BDF-1 mice were given either micellar paclitaxel or Cremophor paclitaxel at a dose of 20 mg/kg i.v. The mice were sacrificed after a given time and the organs were harvested. Paclitaxel in the organs was extracted with acetonitrile and analyzed using HPLC. Tumor growth inhibitions of 98.5 and 98.7% were obtained from i.v. administered micellar paclitaxel and Cremophor paclitaxel at their MTDs, respectively. Micellar paclitaxel was more efficacious i.p. (98.7% tumor growth inhibition) than Cremophor paclitaxel i.p. (83.0% tumor growth inhibition) at their MTDs. The highest concentrations of paclitaxel were found in the liver after administration of paclitaxel formulations. Paclitaxel was also found in spleen, kidney, lung and blood, in order of decreasing concentration. The preliminary results indicate that polymeric micellar paclitaxel could be a clinically useful chemotherapeutic formulation
Detection of bluetongue serotype 4 in mouflons (Ovis aries musimon) from Spain (2009)

Bluetongue serotype 4 (BTV4) has been detected for the first time in tissue samples from 2 mouflons (Ovis aries musimon) from the South of Spain, in a retrospective study. The samples included in this study had been fixed and paraffin-embedded for over a year prior to their analysis using a BTV group-specific and a BTV4-specific RT-PCR test. Lung and lymphatic nodes were found positive in both specimens. The amplified DNA was confirmed to be BTV4 by sequencing the RT-PCR products and comparing them with other sequences from GenBank. The combination of RNA extraction from paraffin-embedded samples and serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR assays provides the tools for the detection of BTV from samples stored for a long time. The results shown in this study set out the basis for a greater survey with fixed samples from different species of wild ruminants that the veterinary services have been collecting for years.
APOPTOSIS OF ACINAR CELLS IN PANCREAS ALLOGRAFT REJECTION1 (1997)

We conclude that pancreas rejection is associated with apoptosis of acinar cells, but not with an increased influx of GrB+ cells or macrophages.
Teoría del área divergente para la determinación de la presión de poro (2017)

La prediccion de la presion de poro es la etapa mas importante del diseno de la perforacion de pozos. Al respecto se han escrito infinidad de articulos, sin embargo, aun hoy en dia, un alto porcentaje de los tiempos no-productivos de la perforacion de pozos son imputables a problemas asociados a la presion de poro y a la inestabilidad del pozo. Los malos pronosticos de la presion de poro, generalmente estan relacionados con el desconocimiento del origen de la presion de poro para un area en particular, al limitado alcance de los modelos utilizados y a la determinacion erronea de los parametros que componen esos modelos. Este articulo describe una nueva teoria para analizar la presion de poro basada en la compactacion normal de los sedimentos y la manera en que estos divergen cuando la compactacion normal se interrumpe. El proceso consiste en generar tendencias de compactacion paralelas a la tendencia de compactacion normal e interpretar estas tendencias paralelas y las transicionales observadas en los registros de pozo o sismica, para generar un area divergente, la cual, una vez definida, se puede utilizar cualquier metodo basado en la teoria de la compactacion normal y en registros de pozo para calcular la presion de poro. Pero ademas, esta teoria permite bajo condiciones especificas, determinar la presion de poro en rocas de yacimiento que no siguen la teoria de la compactacion, como los carbonatos o arenas. Asimismo, se muestra un caso de estudio que soportan los resultados de la teoria propuesta
Simultaneous multi-beam planar array IR (pair) spectroscopy (2023)

An apparatus and method capable of providing spatially multiplexed IR spectral information simultaneously in real-time for multiple samples or multiple spatial areas of one sample using IR absorption phenomena requires no moving parts or Fourier Transform during operation, and self-compensates for background spectra and degradation of component performance over time. IR spectral information and chemical analysis of the samples is determined by using one or more IR sources, sampling accessories for positioning the samples, optically dispersive elements, a focal plane array (FPA) arranged to detect the dispersed light beams, and a processor and display to control the FPA, and display an IR spectrograph. Fiber-optic coupling can be used to allow remote sensing. Portability, reliability, and ruggedness is enhanced due to the no-moving part construction. Applications include determining time-resolved orientation and characteristics of materials, including polymer monolayers. Orthogonal polarizers may be used to determine certain material characteristics.