gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel sst4-Selective Somatostatin (SRIF) Agonists. 2. Analogues with β-Methyl-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine Substitutions at Position 8 (2003)

We present a family of human sst(4)-selective, high-affinity (IC(50) = 2-4 nM) cyclic somatostatin (SRIF) octapeptides. These peptides result from the substitution of dTrp(8) in H-c[Cys(3)-Phe(6)-Phe(7)-DTrp(8)-Lys(9)-Thr(10)-Phe(11)-Cys(14)]-OH (SRIF numbering) (ODT-8) by one of the four conformationally biased stereoisomers of beta-methyl-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine (beta-Me2Nal). Whereas H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DNal-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (ODN-8, 2) has high affinity and marginal selectivity for human sst(3) (Reubi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97, 13973-13978), H-c[Cys-Phe-Tyr-D-threo-beta-Me2Nal-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (5) has high affinity for all sst's except for sst(1); H-c[Cys-Phe-Tyr-L-threo-beta-Me2Nal-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (6) has high affinity for sst(4) (IC(50) = 2.1 nM), with more than 50-fold selectivity toward the other receptors. Analogues 7 and 8, containing d- and l-erythro-beta-Me2Nal instead of the corresponding threo derivatives at position 8, are essentially inactive at all receptors. Substitution of Tyr(7) in 5 and 6 by Aph(7) resulted in 9 and 10 with similar affinity patterns overall yet lowered affinity. The substitution of DCys(3) for Cys(3) in 5 and 6 yielded H-c[DCys-Phe-Tyr-D-threo-beta-Me2Nal-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (11) and H-c[DCys-Phe-Tyr-L-threo-beta-Me2Nal-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (12), with biological profiles almost identical to those of their parents 5 and 6 (i.e., high affinity for sst(2-5) for 11 and high affinity and selectivity for sst(4) for 12). Analogue 12, with high sst(4) affinity combined with the highest sst(4) selectivity among all tested compounds, is an agonist in the cAMP accumulation assay (EC(50) = 1.29 nM). Cold monoiodination of 12 yielded 14, with loss of sst(4) selectivity and loss of high affinity (IC(50) = 21 nM). Introduction of Tyr(2) in 9 and 10 and substitution of Cys(3) by dCys(3), to yield 15 and 16 (IC(50) = 9.8 and 61 nM, respectively, for sst(4) and limited selectivity), failed to generate a high-affinity (125)iodinatable sst(4)-selective ligand. Substitution of Phe by Tyr at position 11 in H-c[DCys-Phe-Phe-L-threo-beta-Me2Nal-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH yielded 18 (IC(50) = 11.8 nM at sst(4)), with limited sst(4) selectivity (30-fold or greater at the other receptors) yet only slightly improved affinity over that of 14. Cold monoiodination of 18 yielded 20 (IC(50) = 30 nM at sst(4) and high selectivity). Whereas we were able, in this study, to identify a new family of sst(4)-selective, high-affinity compounds, our additional goal, to identify highly potent and sst(4)-selective ligands amenable to (125)iodination, could not be achieved satisfactorily. On the other hand, some of the diastereomers identified in this study, such as 5, 11, 17, and 19, are very potent ligands at all receptors but sst(1).
A frequency signature based method for the RF identification of letters (2011)

A method to identify, thanks to RF signals, the letters of the alphabet is presented in this paper. Every letter, when integrated, or realized with metallic strips, on dielectric substrate and excited with an electromagnetic wave exhibits an electromagnetic signature. This signature is unique and characterizes the RCS of the radiating letter. Consequently, it could be used for identification/recognition purposes. A frequency domain approach has been applied to a set of letters corresponding to the standard alphabet. Simulation results obtained with CST Suite <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> are presented and discussed in this paper. The experimental results corresponding to Arial font of 24mm are carried out and compared to theoretical predictions. Very good agreement between measurement and simulation is observed. Considering the signature of each letter it is possible to establish an algorithm for letter recognition and identification without errors.
A Pyrene‐Linked Cavity within a β‐Barrel Protein Promotes an Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction (2017)

Abstract A unique π‐expanded reaction cavity tethering a polycyclic moiety which provides a platform for substrate binding was constructed within the robust β‐barrel structure of nitrobindin (NB). NB variants with cavities of different sizes and shapes are coupled with N ‐(1‐pyrenyl)maleimide ( Pyr ) to prepare a series of NB‐ Pyr conjugates. The orientation of the pyrene moiety is fixed within the cavity by the coupling reaction. The fluorescent quenching analysis of NB‐ Pyr indicates that azachalcone ( aza ), which is a dienophile for a Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, is efficiently incorporated within the pyrene‐linked reaction cavity by the aromatic interaction. The DA reaction between aza and cyclopentadiene proceeds within the reaction cavity of NB‐ Pyr in the presence of Cu II ion in high yield and high enantio‐ and regioselectivity.
Atomically Flat Gold on Elastomeric Substrate (2006)

We present a procedure to fabricate extremely smooth Au films supported on thin elastomeric (PDMS) substrates. Minimum rms roughness and largest grain size are obtained using Si wafers, coated with native oxide and release layers, as templates for the growth of thermally evaporated Au films. The wafers are held at a temperature of 300 degrees C during deposition. The Au films, up to 200 nm thick, are then transferred onto poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates which have been previously surface-functionalized with a (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane adhesion layer. The resulting Au films have been found by AFM to be extremely smooth with rms-roughness 2.5-4 angstroms and to exhibit a crystalline morphology with flat grains >500 nm in size. Thinner films, down to 20 nm, are grown at lower temperature and are comparably smooth, but with a loss in crystalline morphology. We compare the results of this optimized procedure with other gold films grown on mica sheets as templates and to those produced using Ti-O-Si interfacial chemistry.
Management of broadband networks using 3D virtual world (2002)

Just as broadband networks will enable user-to-user communications to extend from textural services to those employing multimedia, they will also enable a management environment that can take advantage of increased bandwidth and multimedia technology. The fundamental advances incorporated in such an environment can provide efficient solutions to the problem of information management. To establish this environment, the authors tackle the fundamental problems of observability and controllability of broadband networks. A virtual world provides a next-generation network management interface through which a user can observe and interact with the network directly in real time. The system that the authors are developing uses a 3D virtual world as the user interface for managing a large gigabit ATM network. It provides the capability for experimentation in all aspects of network transport, control and management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplemental Figure 4 from A Systematic Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Changes in the Endocytic Activities of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4: Relationship between endocytic activity and proliferation.&lt;/p&gt;
Investigations on an Ultra-Thin Bendable Monolithic Si CMOS Image Sensor (2013)

In this paper, theoretical as well as experimental results of the investigations on a bendable ultrathin Si monolithic CMOS image sensor are presented. The electro-optical behavior of a thinned flexible CMOS active pixel sensor for the application of uniaxial mechanical stress is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The necessity of a correlated double sampling readout scheme to achieve a stress-independent operation is underlined. Optical as well as electrical characteristics of standard photodiodes on ultrathin silicon chips embedded into a polyimide foil under several bending configurations are discussed and experimental data are presented. Moreover, design rules for the stress-independent operation of a flexible ultrathin image sensor are given and the thinning and the encapsulation processes are shortly presented.
Integrated Drivers of Basal and Acute Immunity in Diverse Human Populations (2023)

Prior studies have identified genetic, infectious, and biological associations with immune competence and disease severity; however, there have been few integrative analyses of these factors and study populations are often limited in demographic diversity. Utilizing samples from 1,705 individuals in 5 countries, we examined putative determinants of immunity, including: single nucleotide polymorphisms, ancestry informative markers, herpesvirus status, age, and sex. In healthy subjects, we found significant differences in cytokine levels, leukocyte phenotypes, and gene expression. Transcriptional responses also varied by cohort, and the most significant determinant was ancestry. In influenza infected subjects, we found two disease severity immunophenotypes, largely driven by age. Additionally, cytokine regression models show each determinant differentially contributes to acute immune variation, with unique and interactive, location-specific herpesvirus effects. These results provide novel insight into the scope of immune heterogeneity across diverse populations, the integrative effects of factors which drive it, and the consequences for illness outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: Trinuclear Zr2 Al μ‐Ketene Complexes Containing Bridging Ligands. Implications for Transmetallation Reactions and CO Reduction Chemistry. (1986)

Abstract The ketene‐alkylgluminium complexes of formula (II) and (III) are prepared by treating the Zr ketene complexes (I) with appropriate alkylaluminium reagents.
Confirmation study of QTL for body weight in pigs. (2006)

CD communication 13-07
Xt–Xlvalley crossover and deformation potential in AlP/GaP quantum wells (2008)

We investigate the properties of quasi-two-dimensional electrons in a wide range of modulation-doped AlP quantum wells (between 3 and 15 nm) with GaP barriers by measuring cyclotron resonance, quantum Hall effect, and Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations. The degeneracy of the three $X$ valleys is lifted due to both strain and confinement: In wider wells the strain contribution dominates, and the lowest energy states are the transverse $X$ valleys ${X}_{t}$. On the other hand, in narrower wells, the quantum confinement energy dominates, and the lowest energy states are the single longitudinal valleys ${X}_{l}$. The transition between these two configurations occurs for wells between 5 nm and 4. The effective mass components for the AlP $X$ valleys are determined from the cyclotron resonance data to be ${m}_{t}=(0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01){m}_{0}$ and ${m}_{l}=0.90{m}_{0}$. From these effective mass values and the degeneracy data, we calculate the deformation potential for AlP to be ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{u}^{\text{AlP}}=3.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\text{ }\text{eV}$.
A Consideration of the Turns-Taking Teaching Mode in Ideology and Ethics Coarse (2002)

As a new teaching form,turns taking mode is applied in ideology and ethics course ,which is in line with the fundamental teaching principles ,the demands of the course ,and also conforms to the college students psychology.Its volue is remarkable both on the aspects of the theory and application.
Quantitative Analysis of Repertoire-Scale Immunoglobulin Properties in Vaccine-Induced B-Cell Responses (2017)

Recent advances in the next-generation sequencing of B-cell receptors (BCRs) enable the characterization of humoral responses at a repertoire-wide scale and provide the capability for identifying unique features of immune repertoires in response to disease, vaccination, or infection. Immunosequencing now readily generates 10<sup>3</sup>-10<sup>5</sup> sequences per sample; however, statistical analysis of these repertoires is challenging because of the high genetic diversity of BCRs and the elaborate clonal relationships among them. To date, most immunosequencing analyses have focused on reporting qualitative trends in immunoglobulin (Ig) properties, such as usage or somatic hypermutation (SHM) percentage of the Ig heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene segment family, and on reducing complex Ig property distributions to simple summary statistics. However, because Ig properties are typically not normally distributed, any approach that fails to assess the distribution as a whole may be inadequate in (1) properly assessing the statistical significance of repertoire differences, (2) identifying <i>how</i> two repertoires differ, and (3) determining appropriate confidence intervals for assessing the size of the differences and their potential biological relevance. To address these issues, we have developed a technique that uses Wilcox' robust statistics toolbox to identify statistically significant vaccine-specific differences between Ig repertoire properties. The advantage of this technique is that it can determine not only <i>whether</i> but also <i>where</i> the distributions differ, even when the Ig repertoire properties are non-normally distributed. We used this technique to characterize murine germinal center (GC) B-cell repertoires in response to a complex Ebola virus-like particle (eVLP) vaccine candidate with known protective efficacy. The eVLP-mediated GC B-cell responses were highly diverse, consisting of thousands of clonotypes. Despite this staggering diversity, we identified statistically significant differences between non-immunized, vaccine only, and vaccine-plus-adjuvant groups in terms of Ig properties, including IGHV-family usage, SHM percentage, and characteristics of the BCR complementarity-determining region. Most notably, our analyses identified a robust eVLP-specific feature-enhanced IGHV8-family usage in B-cell repertoires. These findings demonstrate the utility of our technique in identifying statistically significant BCR repertoire differences following vaccination. More generally, our approach is potentially applicable to a wide range of studies in infection, vaccination, auto-immunity, and cancer.
A Probabilistic Approach for Human Action Recognition Using Motion Trajectories (2016)

Automatic recognition of human actions from the videos is of widespread interest for researchers as it has broad range of applications in areas such as video indexing, visual surveillance etc. Several techniques proposed for human action recognition suffer from real-time implications as they are complex and have many tunable parameters. This paper presents a simple and computationally efficient action recognition approach that extracts Harris corner points in difference of frames (DoF) and uses the magnitude of motion vectors extracted at corner points are used as weights to obtain center of mass (centroid) locations representing spatial distribution of corner points in each frame. The movement of centroid as action advances yields a motion trajectory. The sequence of quantized orientations of trajectory segments are used as temporal features for action classification that uses probabilistic state models and maximum likelihood decision making strategy. The benchmark action datasets such as KTH dataset, Weizmann dataset and UIUC complex activity dataset are used to train and test state models of each action class. This approach performed effectively by adapting to large set of intra-class variations and achieved a satisfactory classification accuracy for most confusing action classes, namely walking and running actions.
GROUP SIZE AND FLOOR-SPACE ALLOWANCE AFFECT THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF A FOUR-WEEK NURSERY SYSTEM FOR WEANLING PIGS (2013)

The study objective was to compare the economic performance of nursery systems based on large (100 pigs) or small (20 pigs) group sizes and two floor-space allowances (adequate or reduced). A total of 1920 pigs were used. Pig performance data were from two trials carried out over a 4-wk period immediately post-weaning. The trials compared four treatment combinations (2 x 2 factorial) of group size and floor-space allowance: 1) small group (20 pigs/pen) at a floor-space allowance for maximum growth (.17 m 2 /pig) (SREQ); 2) small group (20 pigs/pen) at a reduced floor space (.15 m 2 /pig) (SRED); 3) large group (100 pigs/pen) at a floor space for maximum growth (.17 m 2 /pig) (LREQ); and 4) large group (100 pigs/pen) at a reduced floor space (.13 m 2 /pig) (LRED). The economic analysis was based on a nursery building with 409 m 2 floor space and used economic data collected on U.S. farms from 1988 to 1998. Treatment results are presented in the following order: SREQ; SRED; LREQ; and LRED. Reduced floor-space designs had greater annual animal throughput (23,040; 26,880; 24,000; and 28,800 pigs/yr) and, therefore, lower fixed costs per pig sold ($0.21; $0.19; $0.20; and $0.17). However, pigs housed at reduced floor space were 2.7% lighter at the end of the nursery period than those given adequate floor space, and pigs in large pens were 4.3% lighter than pigs in small pens. Overall, total costs per pig sold (i.e. variable, fixed, and management costs) were marginally reduced by moving to reduced-floor-space or large-group designs ($34.91; $34.74; $34.70; and $34.56). However, because of the increased pig weights out of the nursery, the small group size treatments resulted in greater total returns per pig sold ($32.41; $31.44; $30.89; and $30.16). Consequently, returns over total costs per pig, which were negative, were greater for pigs reared in small groups at an adequate floor space (-$2.50; -$3.30; -$3.81; and -$4.40). A selling price of $2.07 per kg live weight was assumed in the current model, however, sensitivity analysis suggested that the break-even pig selling prices per kg live weight for each system were $2.23; $2.29; $2.33; and $2.38, respectively. Increases in pig growth rates of 2.4%, 4.8% and 6.5% above those observed in the current study would be required for nursery systems with the small group size at a reduced floor space, large group size at an adequate floor space, and large group size at an adequate floor space, respectively, to have the same returns as from small groups at an adequate floor space. Results of this study suggest that penning pigs in the large groups or at the reduced floor-space allowance negatively influenced pig performance such that economic returns were decreased.
Updating Point Cloud Layer of High Definition (HD) Map Based on Crowd-Sourcing of Multiple Vehicles Installed LiDAR (2021)

A high-definition (HD) map is becoming an integral component of future mobility systems such as autonomous and connected vehicles. Advances in computing systems, LiDAR technologies, and vehicle communication technologies have enabled the HD map to directly treat a point cloud map (PCM), modeling road environments as LiDAR signal-level data. However, if actual road environments are changed, the PCM, modeling the environments before changes, can not be used for vehicle applications. Accordingly, the PCM has to stay up-to-date states by reflecting the environment changes continuously. This paper presents a crowd-sourcing framework to update the PCM from environment changes continuously using LiDAR and vehicle communication. Multiple intelligent vehicles installed with the LiDAR sensors download the PCM from a map server via wireless vehicle communication. To minimize the effects of environment changes, a robust localization based on a hierarchical Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) estimates the pose (position and direction). The estimated pose is used to detect the differences between the PCM and environments, which are defined as map changes. The map changes are detected by the probabilistic and evidential theory considering the LiDAR characteristics, such as beam divergence and multi-echo. The detected map changes are uploaded to the map cloud server and merged into the PCM. The proposed crowd-sourcing framework to keep the PCM up-to-date is verified and evaluated via simulations and experiments in sites with road environment changes.
Abstract 5444: Polyamine-based HAT inhibitors as therapy sensitizers (2010)

Abstract Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulating chromatin structure and is tightly controlled through the actions of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC). Deregulation of either HAT or HDAC activity can affect chromatin remodeling needed to carry out its functions and contribute to cancer. While HATs are potential targets for anticancer therapeutics, the development of effective HAT inhibitors has been slow. We have examined the cellular effects of an S-substituted coenzyme A (CoA) inhibitor of histone acetylation, consisting of spermidine (Spd) linked to the S-terminus of CoA through a thioglycolic acid linkage (adduct abbreviated as Spd-CoA), as well as the effects of a truncated Spd-CoA derivative lacking the negatively charged portion of the CoA moiety. While exposure of cancer cells to Spd-CoA has little effect on cell viability, it causes a rapid inhibition of specific acetylated lysines, H3-K9 and H3-K56. That inhibition correlates with a transient arrest of DNA synthesis, a transient delay in S-phase progression, and an inhibition of nucleotide excision repair and DNA double strand break repair. Furthermore, Spd-CoA synergizes with a variety of commonly used DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin (PlatinolTM) and 5-fluorouracil, camptothecin, as well as UV-C radiation to induce cancer cell killing. This suggests that a common mechanism, relevant to DNA damage, underlies the ability of histone acetylation inhibition to synergize with drugs and radiation. Normal human fibroblasts and epithelial cells are not sensitized to DNA damage by Spd-CoA due to a barrier to uptake, indicating that this differential uptake can be exploited to achieve cancer cell-specific sensitization. Furthermore, therapy sensitization occurs in both p53-null cancer cells and in cancer cells expressing wild-type p53, indicating that p53-mediated apoptosis is not required. The truncated Spd-CoA derivative displays similar but enhanced chemosensitization effects, suggesting that this class of inhibitors may be amenable to further refinement and have considerable clinical potential as a novel class of potent therapy sensitizers applicable to a broad range of conventional cancer treatments, particularly to reduce therapy toxicity and reverse therapy resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5444.
Dual Optimization Approach to Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysis: Impact of M1/M2 Ratio and Supporting Polymer Structure on Reactivity (2015)

A dual optimization approach to nanoparticle catalysis is reported in which both the composition of a bimetallic nanoparticle and the electronic properties of the supporting polystyrene-based polymer can be varied to optimize reactivity and chemoselectivity in nitroarene reductions. Ruthenium–cobalt nanoparticles supported on polystyrene are shown to catalyze nitroarene reductions at room temperature with exceptional activity, as compared with monometallic ruthenium catalysts. Both the identity of the second metal and the M1/M2 ratio show a profound effect on the chemoselectivity of nitroarene reductions. These polymer-supported bimetallic catalysts are shown to react with nearly complete chemoselectivity for nitro group reduction over a variety of easily reducible functional groups. The electronic properties of the supporting polymer also have a significant impact on catalysis, in which electron-deficient polystyrenes enable 100% conversion to the aniline product in just 20 min at room temperature. Polymer effects are also shown to influence the mechanism of the reduction reaction, in addition to accelerating the rate, confirming the impact of the polymer structure on catalytic efficiency. These catalysts are easily prepared in a single step from commercial materials and can be readily recycled without loss of activity.