gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Physical properties of fluorinated diphenyldiacetylene and tolane liquid crystals</title> (1993)

Physical properties of several fluorinated diphenyl-diacetylene and tolane liquid crystals are evaluated. These liquid crystals exhibit a high resistivity, high birefringence, low viscosity and modest dielectric anisotropy. Some difluoro compounds show a relatively low melting temperature and small heat fusion enthalpy, and are useful for formulating eutectic mixtures. The mixtures consisting of these fluorinated compounds are particularly useful for active matrix, photoactivated light valve, and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays.
Impact of ELD layers in mechanical properties of microbumps for 3D stacking (2016)

In this paper the influence of adding ELD barrier and capping layers in die shear strength of 3D stacked chips is discussed. Electroless NiB is used as barrier layer to prevent solder or UBM consumption and immersion Au is used as capping layer to improve the solder wettability. In this study UBM layers are Cu, Co and Ni and pure Sn is used as solder. For bonding both reflow and TCB methods are employed. Mechanical properties of bonded 3D stacks with different UBM/solder systems are characterized by die shear test followed by SEM and EDX analysis for fracture location and mechanism identifications.
sp–d Exchange Interactions in Wave Function Engineered Colloidal CdSe/Mn:CdS Hetero-Nanoplatelets (2018)

In two-dimensional (2D) colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, which are atomically flat nanocrystals, the precise control of thickness and composition on the atomic scale allows for the synthesis of heterostructures with well-defined electron and hole wave function distributions. Introducing transition metal dopants with a monolayer precision enables tailored magnetic exchange interactions between dopants and band states. Here, we use the absorption based technique of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) to directly prove the exchange coupling of magnetic dopants with the band charge carriers in hetero-nanoplatelets with CdSe core and manganese-doped CdS shell (CdSe/Mn:CdS). We show that the strength of both the electron as well as the hole exchange interactions with the dopants can be tuned by varying the nanoplatelets architecture with monolayer accuracy. As MCD is highly sensitive for excitonic resonances, excited level spectroscopy allows us to resolve and identify, in combination with wave function calculations, several excited state transitions including spin-orbit split-off excitonic contributions. Thus, our study not only demonstrates the possibility to expand the extraordinary physical properties of colloidal nanoplatelets toward magneto-optical functionality by transition metal doping but also provides an insight into the excited state electronic structure in this novel two-dimensional material.
Mitigation of plasma-induced damage in porous low-kdielectrics by cryogenic precursor condensation (2016)

International audience
Improved method for the quantification of lysophospholipids including enol ether species by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2009)

LC/ESI-MS/MS has been previously demonstrated to be a powerful method to detect and quantify molecular species of glycerophospholipids including lysophospholipids. In this study, we provide an improved pre-mass spectrometry lipid extraction procedure that avoids the acid-catalyzed decomposition of plasmenyl phospholipids that is problematic with previously reported methods. We show that the use of lysophospholipid internal standards with perdeuterated fatty acyl chains avoids isobar problems associated with the use of internal standards containing odd carbon number fatty acyl chains. We also show that LC prior to MS is required to avoid numerous problems associated with isobars and with MS in-source decomposition of lysophosphatidylserine. The reported method of using normal phase chromatography/ESI-MS is used to quantify lysophospholipids in serum and to quantify lysophospholipids produced in mammalian cells by human group X secreted phospholipase A(2). The latter shows that group X phospholipase A(2) added exogenously to cells generates a different set of lysophospholipids compared with enzyme produced endogenously in cells, which supports earlier studies showing that this phospholipase A(2) can act on cell membranes prior to externalization from cells.
A Versatile ±25-A Shunt-Based Current Sensor With ±0.25% Gain Error From −40 °C to 85 °C (2022)

This article presents a versatile shunt-based current sensor for battery management applications. It digitizes the current-induced voltage drop across an external shunt resistor with the help of a 2nd-order delta-sigma ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) ADC, whose summing node is implemented as a low-noise capacitively coupled amplifier. To compensate for the shunt’s finite temperature coefficient (TC), the TC of the ADC on-chip voltage reference can be tuned. As a result, the sensor maintains high accuracy when used with low-cost high TC shunts, such as PCB traces, as well as with more expensive low TC shunts, such as metal-alloy resistors. Optimal gain flatness over temperature is achieved by a two-current room-temperature TC tuning scheme, which exploits the shunt’s self-heating at high current levels. Fabricated in a standard 0.18- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process, the current sensor occupies 0.36 mm2 and draws 265 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.8-V supply. Over the industrial temperature range (−40 °C to 85 °C) and a ±25-A current range, it achieves the state-of-the-art gain error (±0.25%) with both PCB (1.6 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and metal-alloy (2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) shunts. With these shunts, it achieves 5.3-mA/4.3-mA (rms) resolution in a 10-kHz bandwidth.
Surface Deposition and Phase Behavior of Oppositely Charged Polyion–Surfactant Ion Complexes. Delivery of Silicone Oil Emulsions to Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces (2011)

The adsorption from mixed polyelectrolyte-surfactant solutions at hydrophobized silica surfaces was investigated by in situ null-ellipsometry, and compared to similar measurements for hydrophilic silica surfaces. Three synthetic cationic copolymers of varying hydrophobicity and one cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose were compared in mixtures with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in the absence or presence of a dilute silicone oil emulsion. The adsorption behavior was mapped while stepwise increasing the concentration of SDS to a polyelectrolyte solution of constant concentration. The effect on the deposition of dilution of the bulk solution in contact with the surface was also investigated by gradual replacement of the bulk solution with 1 mM aqueous NaCl. An adsorbed layer remained after complete exchange of the polyelectrolyte/surfactant solution for aqueous NaCl. In most cases, there was a codeposition of silicone oil droplets, if such droplets were present in the formulation before dilution. The overall features of the deposition were similar at hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, but there were also notable differences. SDS molecules adsorbed selectively at the hydrophobized silica surface, but not at the hydrophilic silica, which influenced the coadsorption of the cationic polymers. The largest amount of deposited material after dilution was found for hydrophilic silica and for the least-hydrophobic cationic polymers. For the least-hydrophobic polyions, no significant codeposition of silicone oil was detected at hydrophobized silica after dilution if the initial SDS concentration was high.
A Visualization Tool for Navigation of Online Disease Literature (2010)

Online health information portals provide valuable content to casual consumers. Used properly, this medical information can help patients better man- age their health. However, the page-oriented nature of these resources makes it difficult for users to understand the overall information space and navigate the complex relationships between various diseases. We have devel- oped a visualization tool that helps users navigate a large set of disease-related documents and understand multi- dimensional relationships for key semantic concepts such as symptoms and treatments. Introduction. Patients and caregivers have access to many internet-based health information portals. Ex- amples include WebMD, MayoClinic.com, and Google Health. These resources provide concise, easy-to- understand descriptions of diseases with information on symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Unfor- tunately, while studies have shown that non-experts turn to online information to explain undiagnosed symptoms (2), the organization of these document-based resources is best suited for situations where patients are searching
Lower Bounds on Locality Sensitive Hashing (2007)

Given a metric space $(X,d_X)$, $c \ge 1$, $r > 0$, and $p,q \in [0,1]$, a distribution over mappings $\mathscr{H} : X \to \mathbb{N}$ is called a $(r,cr,p,q)$-sensitive hash family if any two points in X at distance at most r are mapped by $\mathscr{H}$ to the same value with probability at least p, and any two points at distance greater than $cr$ are mapped by $\mathscr{H}$ to the same value with probability at most q. This notion was introduced by Indyk and Motwani in 1998 as the basis for an efficient approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm and has since been used extensively for this purpose. The performance of these algorithms is governed by the parameter $\rho = \frac{\log(1/p)}{\log(1/q)}$, and constructing hash families with small $\rho$ automatically yields improved nearest neighbor algorithms. Here we show that for $X = \ell_1$ it is impossible to achieve $\rho \le \frac{1}{2c}$. This almost matches the construction of Indyk and Motwani which achieves $\rho \le \frac{1}{c}$.
Investigating the effects of JP-8 use in heating plant boilers. Final report, June 1990-July 1991 (1991)

The object of this project was to investigate the operational and environmental effects associated with burning aviation fuel JP-8 in traditional heating plant boilers. JP-8 was compared to 2 fuel oil and diesel fuel in small-scale testing at tyndall AFB FL and diesel fuel in full-scale testing at McClellan AFB CA. System performance was evaluated with respect to the boilers' thermal efficiencies, fuel pump and burner pump performance, and environmentally significant combustion products. The operational performance of JP-8, in comparison with DF-2 and fuel oil, was satisfactory, with fuel to steam conversion ranging from 7 percent less with JP-8 to performance that exceeded that of 2 fuel oil and DF-2. The calculated theoretical drop in heat output when switching from DF-2 or 2 fuel oil to JP-8 is approximately 10 percent, based on the energy value of the fuels. Stack emissions showed a significant drop in SOx with JP-8, and lower values of NOx and particulate. There was negligible difference between the organic measurements among the full-scale test conditions. The research conducted in support of this effort was designed to provide guidance to the base civil engineer and the boiler operator to allow safe, efficient, and environmentally clean operation ofmore » existing systems with JP-8.« less
Expedient Synthesis of Cyclopropane α-Amino Acids by the Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Alkenes Using Iodonium Ylides Derived from Methyl Nitroacetate (2005)

A highly enantioselective (up to 97.5% ee) and diastereoselective (95:5 dr trans/cis) Cu(I)-catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes using phenyliodonium ylide generated in situ from iodosobenzene and methyl nitroacetate is reported. The cyclopropanation took place with high enantioselectivity for a wide range of alkenes, and the reaction was performed at room temperature. 1-Nitrocyclopropyl esters are versatile building blocks to access the corresponding cyclopropane amino esters and aminocyclopropanes in two and three steps, respectively, from commercially available products.
Low complexity streak noise reduction for mobile TV using line selective interpolation of field information (2005)

This contribution presents a method for quality enhancement of mobile received analog TV signals using line selective interpolation of field information (LSI-FI). Using combining techniques of neighboring lines one can restaurate mobile received images successfully. Spatial statistical methods are used to detect distorted lines of an image. Distorted lines are interpolated by correctly received neighboring lines. The low complexity of the algorithm makes it possible to enable real-time implementation in a DSP or FPGA.
Technical Report - UPC-DAC-RR-CAP-2010-17 Short-Interval Voltage and Frequency Scaling: Characterization and Optimization Opportunities (2010)

workload. We have configured an Intel R Core TM 2 processor to operate using 11 different DVFS P-states that cover a range of frequencies from 2.5GHz to 0.8GHz. We have run the SPECcpu2006 benchmark suite and studied the response of every application in front of smooth changes of frequency. The study characterizes every application in terms of the performance, power and energy levels observed. With the output of this study, we explore the space that a short-interval DVFS system offers to design OS policies. We quantify the power and energy savings that can be obtained assuming certain grade of performance degradation in direct relation to the decrements produced in the operating frequency. We have observed that smooth changes in frequency within the lower range of available frequencies have the same effects no matter the characteristics of the target application. On the other side, when the smooth changes occur in the higher levels of the available frequencies, then the memory access ratio exposed by the applications do matter, and the response of the target application is different in terms of performance, power and EDP but equally in terms of energy. The results show that for the studied architecture, it is possible to define OS power policies that reach power savings of 30% while keeping the performance degradation always under a 17% of slowdown. For energy, it is possible to implement OS energy policies that save a 20% of energy, but with a slowdown about 19%. The basis for this level of optimization is a short-interval DVFS system capable of featuring smooth changes in frequency within a wide range of P-states.
Straightforward Protein-Protein Interaction Interface Mapping via Random Mutagenesis and Mammalian Protein Protein Interaction Trap (MAPPIT) (2019)

The MAPPIT (mammalian protein protein interaction trap) method allows high-throughput detection of protein interactions by very simple co-transfection of three plasmids in HEK293T cells, followed by a luciferase readout. MAPPIT detects a large percentage of all protein interactions, including those requiring posttranslational modifications and endogenous or exogenous ligands. Here, we present a straightforward method that allows detailed mapping of interaction interfaces via MAPPIT. The method provides insight into the interaction mechanism and reveals how this is affected by disease-associated mutations. By combining error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for random mutagenesis, 96-well DNA prepping, Sanger sequencing, and MAPPIT via 384-well transfections, we test the effects of a large number of mutations of a selected protein on its protein interactions. The entire screen takes less than three months and interactions with multiple partners can be studied in parallel. The effect of mutations on the MAPPIT readout is mapped on the protein structure, allowing unbiased identification of all putative interaction sites. We have thus far analysed 6 proteins and mapped their interfaces for 16 different interaction partners. Our method is broadly applicable as the required tools are simple and widely available.
Safety assessment of a novel C-type natriuretic peptide derivative and the mechanism of bone- and cartilage-specific toxicity (2019)

Abstract ASB20123, a C-type natriuretic peptide/ghrelin chimeric peptide, was designed as a novel peptide and demonstrated full agonistic activity for natriuretic-peptide receptor B and a significantly longer half-life in plasma compared with the native peptide. We researched the toxicological profile of ASB20123, the correlation between the morphological change of the epiphyseal plate and bone and cartilage toxicity, and biomarkers to detect the toxicity. ASB20123 was systemically administered to male and female rats at daily dose levels of 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. In this study, toxicity was observed as changes related to bone and cartilage tissues, and no other toxicological changes were observed in all animals. Next, ASB20123 was administered to 12-month-old rats with a little epiphyseal plate. The toxic changes related to bone and cartilage tissues were not observed in any animal with a closed epiphyseal plate, indicating that the toxic changes were triggered by the growth-accelerating effect on the bone and cartilage. Furthermore, we searched for the biomarker related to the bone and cartilage toxicity using rats treated with ASB20123 at doses of 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. A close correlation between necrosis/fibrosis in the epiphysis and metaphysis and thickness of the epiphyseal plate in the femur was confirmed in this study. A decrease in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur also was associated with the appearance of bone toxicity. These results indicated that the toxicity of ASB20123 was limited to bone- and cartilage-specific changes, and these changes were triggered by an excessive growth accelerating effect. Furthermore, our data suggested that the thickness of the epiphyseal plate and BMD could be reliable biomarkers to predict bone toxicity.
In-Situ Ultrafast Sensing Techniques for Prognostics and Protection of SiC Devices (2022)

Embedding diagnostic and prognostic into power electronics has the potential to increase the reliability and resiliency of and increasing automated adaptability in variable operating conditions has increased the reliability and resiliency of these systems, especially with the transition to wide bandgap semiconductors where higher voltages, lower on-state resistances, and faster switching speed can lead to rapid failures under conditions such as shoot through. This value proposition requires minimally invasive sensing elements that provide real-time monitoring of online system operations such that parasitic values are not introduced, which erode performance. Presented is an insitu current sensing circuit with integration to the controller to provide enhanced operational capabilities such as sub-microsecond short circuit protection and power semiconductor device on-state resistance measurement. Techniques developed for measurement and protection are not limited to the tested SiC devices and may be extended to numerous types of critical components. These techniques can provide detailed, real-time state of health estimation for critical components and system capabilities, thus, enhancing system reliability.
Scalable flow control for multicast ABR services (1999)

We propose a flow control scheme for multicast ABR services in ATM networks. At the heart of the proposed scheme is an optimal second-order rate control algorithm, called the /spl alpha/-control, designed to deal with the variation in RM-cell round-trip time (RTT) resulting from dynamic "drift" of the bottleneck in a multicast tree. Applying two-dimensional rate control, the proposed scheme makes the rate process converge to the available bandwidth of the connection's most congested link. It also confines the buffer occupancy to a target regime bounded by a finite buffer capacity. It works well irrespective of the topology of the multicast tree. Using the fluid approximation, we model the proposed scheme and analyze the system dynamics for multicast ABR traffic. We study the convergence properties and derive the optimal control conditions for the /spl alpha/-control. The analytical results show that the scheme is stable and efficient in the sense that both the source rate and bottleneck queue length rapidly converge to a small neighborhood of the designated operating point. We present simulation results which verify the analytical observations. The simulation results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in dealing with RM-cell RTT and link-bandwidth variations, and in achieving fairness in both buffer and bandwidth occupancies.
Comparison of full pitch and concentrated coil switched reluctance machines (2004)

While the switched reluctance machine (SRM) is traditionally a concentrated coil machine, efforts with full pitch windings have spurred interest. With the full pitch winding, twice the area of copper is energized at any given time as compared to the concentrated winding SRM, leading to potentially higher machine efficiency. This paper investigates the performance of 15 kW full pitch winding SRM under the following three current excitation patterns: unipolar, bipolar 120-degree conduction, and bipolar 180-degree conduction. In addition, the full pitch winding SRM is compared with the standard concentrated coil SRM. Finite element analysis (FEA) shows the highly nonlinear behavior of the mutual inductance of full pitch winding SRM. It is shown that the mutual inductance and self inductance change significantly depending on the current excitation patterns. Simulation results based on Simulink for each full pitch topology and concentrated coil SRM are presented at low and high speeds.
High Efficiency Near-Infrared and Semitransparent Non-Fullerene Acceptor Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2017)

The absence of near-infrared (NIR) solar cells with high open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) has impeded progress toward achieving organic photovoltaic (OPV) power conversion efficiency PCE > 15%. Here we report a small energy gap (1.3 eV), chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor-based solar cell with PCE = 11.2 ± 0.4%, short circuit current of 22.5 ± 0.6 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, V<sub>oc</sub> = 0.70 ± 0.01 V and fill factor of 0.71 ± 0.02, which is the highest performance reported to date for NIR single junction OPVs. Importantly, the EQE of this NIR solar cell reaches 75%, between 650 and 850 nm while leaving a transparency window between 400 and 600 nm. The semitransparent OPV using an ultrathin (10 nm) Ag cathode shows PCE = 7.1 ± 0.1%, with an average visible transmittance of 43 ± 2%, Commission d'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.29, 0.32) and a color rendering index of 91 for simulated AM1.5 illumination transmitted through the cell.
Nine-year Clinical Performance of a HEMA-free One-step Self-etch Adhesive in Noncarious Cervical Lesions. (2018)

After 9 years of clinical service, class-V restorations bonded with the HEMA-free 1SEa performed clinically equally successful as those bonded with the 3E&Ra. However, more marginal deterioration, though still clinically acceptable, was recorded at the incisal enamel side for the 1SEa.