gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On a Novel Application of Wasserstein-Procrustes for Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Learning (2020)

The emergence of unsupervised word embeddings, pre-trained on very large monolingual text corpora, is at the core of the ongoing neural revolution in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Initially introduced for English, such pre-trained word embeddings quickly emerged for a number of other languages. Subsequently, there have been a number of attempts to align the embedding spaces across languages, which could enable a number of cross-language NLP applications. Performing the alignment using unsupervised cross-lingual learning (UCL) is especially attractive as it requires little data and often rivals supervised and semi-supervised approaches. Here, we analyze popular methods for UCL and we find that often their objectives are, intrinsically, versions of the Wasserstein-Procrustes problem. Hence, we devise an approach to solve Wasserstein-Procrustes in a direct way, which can be used to refine and to improve popular UCL methods such as iterative closest point (ICP), multilingual unsupervised and supervised embeddings (MUSE) and supervised Procrustes methods. Our evaluation experiments on standard datasets show sizable improvements over these approaches. We believe that our rethinking of the Wasserstein-Procrustes problem could enable further research, thus helping to develop better algorithms for aligning word embeddings across languages. Our code and instructions to reproduce the experiments are available at https://github.com/guillemram97/wp-hungarian.
MYD88 wild‐type Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia: differential diagnosis, risk of histological transformation, and overall survival (2017)

MYD88 mutations are present in 95% of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia (WM) patients, and support diagnostic discrimination from other IgM-secreting B-cell malignancies. Diagnostic discrimination can be difficult among suspected wild-type MYD88 (MYD88<sup>WT</sup> ) WM cases. We systematically reviewed the clinical, pathological and laboratory studies for 64 suspected MYD88<sup>WT</sup> WM patients. World Health Organization and WM consensus guidelines were used to establish clinicopathological diagnosis. Up to 30% of suspected MYD88<sup>WT</sup> WM cases had an alternative clinicopathological diagnosis, including IgM multiple myeloma. The estimated 10-year survival was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52-86%) for MYD88<sup>WT</sup> versus 90% (95% CI 82-95%) for mutated (MYD88<sup>MUT</sup> ) WM patients (Log-rank P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis only showed MYD88 mutation status (P < 0·001) as a significant determinant for overall survival. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was diagnosed in 7 (15·2%) and 2 (0·76%) of MYD88<sup>WT</sup> and MYD88<sup>MUT</sup> patients, respectively (Odds ratio 23·3; 95% CI 4·2-233·8; P < 0·001). Overall survival was shorter among MYD88<sup>WT</sup> patients with an associated DLBCL event (Log-rank P = 0·08). The findings show that among suspected MYD88<sup>WT</sup> WM cases, an alternative clinicopathological diagnosis is common and can impact clinical care. WM patients with MYD88<sup>WT</sup> disease have a high incidence of associated DLBCL events and significantly shorter survival versus those with MYD88<sup>MUT</sup> disease.
GALACTIC DUST CONTAMINATION IN THE BOOMERANG MAPS (2002)

Thermal emission from interstellar dust is a potential contaminant for sensitive measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies. Here we analyze the mm-wave observations obtained by the BOOMERanG experiment at 90, 150, 240 and 410 GHz. Galactic emission has been detected at intermediate and high (b &lt; -20°) Galactic latitudes, and is morphologically similar to the dust emission mapped by the IRAS satellite at 3000 GHz and by the DIRBE instrument on COBE at 1250 GHz. We show that the 410 GHz channel of BOOMERanG is a good monitor of dust emission, and that at 150 GHz the contamination is negligible with respect to the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) detected by the same instrument.
University of Virginia case conference. Macroamylase, macro creatine kinase, and other macroenzymes. (1985)

The importance of macroenzymes has become increasingly apparent in recent years (1,2). Macroamylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and macro CK (EC 2.7.3.2) are the macroenzymes most commonly noted in the clinical laboratory, and they are frequently responsible for diagnostic confusion. Several methods are available for the confirmation and analysis of macroenzymes, many of which require expensive equipment or complicated techniques. In this report we summarize two cases of macro creatine kinase and two cases of macroamylase that illustrate the clinical importance of recognizing these macroenzymes. We review the features of these macroenzymes, discuss their laboratory evaluation, and describe a simple method that we have used to detect the macroenzymes in these (and other) patients at our institution. Finally, we review the literature on other, less commonly observed macroenzymes in human blood. We stress (a) the impact of methodology on clinical impressions and (b) the importance of discussing laboratory observations with the patient's physician and communicating them to the patient's medical record in writing.
Rank minimization for subspace tracking from incomplete data (2013)

Extracting latent low-dimensional structure from high-dimensional data is of paramount importance in timely inference tasks encountered with `Big Data' analytics. However, increasingly noisy, heterogeneous, and incomplete datasets as well as the need for real-time processing pose major challenges towards achieving this goal. In this context, the fresh look advocated here permeates benefits from rank minimization to track low-dimensional subspaces from incomplete data. Leveraging the low-dimensionality of the subspace sought, a novel estimator is proposed based on an exponentially-weighted least-squares criterion regularized with the nuclear norm. After recasting the non-separable nuclear norm into a form amenable to online optimization, a real-time algorithm is developed and its convergence established under simplifying technical assumptions. The novel subspace tracker can asymptotically offer the well-documented performance guarantees of the batch nuclear-norm regularized estimator. Simulated tests with real Internet data confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in tracking the traffic subspace, and its superior performance relative to state-of-the-art alternatives.
Design of non uniform constellations for layered division multiplexing (2015)

In this paper, we focus on the design of Non Uniform Constellations (NUC) in the context of Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) proposed recently for digital television systems. Because the Physical Layer Pipe for which the Non Uniform Constellation is designed can be used with or without Layered Division Multiplexing, it is important to design a constellation optimized for the waterfall Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of both cases. We propose an algorithm to design the constellation while minimizing the average waterfall SNR of both configurations, with and without LDM. Performance results show that the NUC design can provide a gain of up to 0.85dB for 256QAM constellations with a Coding Rate of 9/15.
Synthesis and Antiglycation Activity of Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin) (2012)

Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamanopyranosyl-(1'''-6'')-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) (Nicotiflorin or kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), isolated from the aerial parts of Osyris wightiana Wall. ex Wight, exhibited a potent antiglycation activity in vitro. A short and efficient route to kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (1) is also described in this paper. To study the structure-activity relationship, few other derivatives of kaempferol were also evaluated for their antiglycation activity. Moreover the cytotoxicity analysis was also performed for these compounds. The Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) studies showed that sugar derivatives of kaempferol possess a promising antiglycation activity.
Blur and Disparity Provide Complementary Distance Information for Human Vision (2010)

Disparity is generally considered the most precise cue to depth, while blur is considered a coarse, qualitative cue. Depth from disparity and depth from blur have similar underlying geometries: one is based on triangulation between images collected by different eyes and the other is based on triangulation between images collected through different parts of the pupil. Thus, from a geometric standpoint, they provide complementary distance information. Physiologically, the two cues have very different sensitivities. Disparity thresholds, expressed as just-noticeable differences in depth, are low near fixation, but increase rapidly away from fixation. In contrast, blur thresholds are relatively large and do not vary significantly with position relative to fixation. Thus, one might expect disparity to determine depth discrimination near fixation and blur to determine discrimination away from fixation. We tested this expectation in a psychophysical experiment. Observers were presented a reference and test stimulus on each trial. The two stimuli were either both in front of fixation or both behind fixation. After each trial, observers indicated which stimulus appeared more distant. We used a novel volumetric display (Love et al., 2009) to present stimuli that contained 1) only disparity information (Gaussian dot viewed binocularly), 2) only blur information (a disk with 1/f noise viewed monocularly), or 3) both disparity and blur information (1/f disk viewed binocularly). As expected, thresholds were lower in the disparity-only condition than in the blur-only condition and the two-cue thresholds were similar to the disparity-only thresholds when the reference and test were near fixation. The situation reversed, however, behind fixation where blur thresholds were lower than disparity thresholds and two-cue thresholds were similar to blur-only thresholds. Thus, disparity and blur are complementary sources of information with disparity providing the best depth information near fixation and blur providing the best information away from fixation.
High-sensitivity microwave vector detection at extremely low-power levels for low-dimensional electron systems (2005)

We present a high-sensitivity microwave vector detection system for studying the low-dimensional electron system embedded in the gaps of a coplanar waveguide at low temperatures. Using this system, we have achieved 0.005% and 0.001\textdegree resolutions in amplitude and phase variations, respectively, at 10 GHz in a magnetotransport measurement on a quantum-wire array with an average signal power less than $-$75 dBm into the sample at 0.3 K. From the measured phase variation, we can distinguish a very tiny change in the induced dipole moment of each quantum wire.
Sliding mode control of DSP based power converters for electric vehicles and energy applications (2014)

In this paper, a simple MATLAB-SIMULINK based Digital Signal Processor(DSP) implementation for a Sliding Mode Control(SMC) is presented for power converters in electric vehicles and renewable energy applications. This proposed control and program can be used a Power Factor Corrected(PFC) converter and a bi-directional converter in those applications. Design procedures of SMC for a Power Factor Corrected converter, boost and buck converters are explained in detail. To validate the SMC controls in those power converters, a computer simulation using PSIM is performed, and a prototype test-bed is built and tested using a DSP. The results show that the simple implementation can be achieved, and be applicable for energy (fuel cell/wind/solar) and electric vehicle applications.
Combinatorial and Quantity-Discount Procurement Auctions Benefit Mars, Incorporated and Its Suppliers (2003)

Simple auctions neglect the complex business constraints required by strategic sourcing. The Mars-IBM team created a procurement auction Web site 〈www.number1traders.com〉 that enables buyers to incorporate complex bid structures (such as bundled all-or-nothing bids and quantity-discounted bids) and business constraints into strategic-sourcing auctions. Outcomes in such auctions must lead to win-win solutions to sustain long-term relationships between procurer and suppliers. These factors are as important or more important than price. The Mars procurement auction Web site supports several alternatives to simple auctions that help match its needs as procurer and the capabilities of suppliers by incorporating optimal bid selection subject to constraints based on business rules in a dynamic environment. The ability to consider geographic, volume, and quality factors helps both parties. Feedback from participant suppliers has highlighted the benefits of time efficiency, transparency, and fairness. Although they reflect just one side of the benefits ledger, the monetary benefits to Mars (a $14 billion company) and to its suppliers are significant.
TRANSPORT PROTOCOL SUPPORT FOR AERONAUTICAL SATELLITE (2004)

We recommend suitable transport protocols for an aeronautical network supporting Internet and data services via satellite. We study the characteristics of an aeronautical satellite hybrid network and focus on the problems that cause dramatically degraded performance of the Transport Protocol. We discuss various extensions to standard TCP that alleviate some of these performance problems. Through simulation, we identify those TCP implementations that can be expected to perform reasonably well. Based on the observation that it is difficult for an end-to-end solution to solve these problems effectively, we propose a new TCP-splitting protocol, termed Aeronautical Transport Control Protocol (AeroTCP). The main idea of this protocol is to use a fixed window for flow control and one duplicated acknowledgement (ACK) for fast recovery. Our simulation results show that AeroTCP can maintain higher utilization for the satellite link than end-to-end TCP, especially in high BER environment.
Combinatorial Phage Antibody Libraries (2006)

Evolutionary pressure has driven the need for immune systems of considerable complexity and finesse. Indeed, to function efficiently, host immunity must be equal to the diversity and ingenuity of organisms that threaten the well-being of the animal. Antibody-mediated immune defense plays a pivotal role in this process. This article discusses the development and application of combinatorial antibody libraries, an approach to the generation of human monoclonal antibodies that began in the early 1990s and has generated increasing interest, both academic and commercial, ever since.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cryptic sulfur incorporation in thioangucycline biosynthesis. (2021)

Sulfur incorporation into natural products is a critical area of biosynthetic studies. Recently, a subset of sulfur-containing angucyclines has been discovered, and yet, the sulfur incorporation step is poorly understood. In this work, a series of thioether-bridged angucyclines were discovered, and a cryptic epoxide Michael acceptor intermediate was revealed en route to thioangucyclines (TACs) A and B. However, systematic gene deletion of the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) by CRISPR/Cas9 could not identify any gene responsible for the conversion of the epoxide intermediate to TACs. Instead, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments conclusively showed that the conversion is the result of two non-enzymatic steps, possibly mediated by endogenous hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, the TACs are proposed to derive from a detoxification process. These results are expected to contribute to the study of both angucyclines and the utilization of inorganic sulfur in natural product biosynthesis.© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. PMID: 33465268 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R35 GM134954 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32 GM134688
Improved Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Fabricating AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Devices (2002)

The polarity-control technology for Ga-polar GaN with rf plasma nitrogen-source molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) was established. Inserting high-temperature grown AlN multiple intermediate layers (HT-AlN-MIL) into MBE-grown GaN at 750 °C suppressed the propagation of dislocations into upper GaN, and the electrical and optical properties were improved. The HT-AlN-MIL was deposited on GaN templates grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), followed by GaN grown by MBE. The dislocations with screw character in MBE-grown GaN were reduced by about two orders of magnitude compared to those of the bottom GaN template, which produced the step-like surface morphology for MBE-grown GaN. To demonstrate the capability of MBE in heterojunction control, GaN/AlN double barrier resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structures were fabricated to show the negative differential resistance with a peak–valley ratio of 3.1.
Analysis of PCA Algorithms in Distributed Environments (2015)

Classical machine learning algorithms often face scalability bottlenecks when they are applied to large-scale data. Such algorithms were designed to work with small data that is assumed to fit in the memory of one machine. In this report, we analyze different methods for computing an important machine learing algorithm, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and we comment on its limitations in supporting large datasets. The methods are analyzed and compared across two important metrics: time complexity and communication complexity. We consider the worst-case scenarios for both metrics, and we identify the software libraries that implement each method. The analysis in this report helps researchers and engineers in (i) understanding the main bottlenecks for scalability in different PCA algorithms, (ii) choosing the most appropriate method and software library for a given application and data set characteristics, and (iii) designing new scalable PCA algorithms.
The microbiota accelerates skin graft rejection through enhanced T cell priming (TRAN1P.953) (2015)

Abstract The microbiota is known to influence local and systemic immune responses. To test whether the microbiota can modulate the strength of an alloresponse, we used a minor mismatched (H-Y) skin transplant mouse model in both germ-free (GF) and antibiotic-pre-treated (Abx) mice. Abx mice showed a marked reduction in bacterial diversity of their intestinal and skin flora. Skin allograft survival more than doubled in either GF or Abx mice compared to controls and colonization with a complex microbial community from conventional mice was sufficient to restore faster rejection kinetics in GF mice. Mechanistically, CFSE-labeled CD4+ anti-H-Y Marilyn T cells displayed a decrease in proliferation following in vivo adoptive transfer into Abx hosts as well as after in vitroculture with antigen presenting cells from Abx mice. Together, these data indicate decreased priming of allogeneic T cells when the diversity of resident bacterial communities is diminished. This effect is not due to a reduction in bacterial load but rather a loss of taxon-specific host-microbe interactions. This study illustrates the profound systemic effects of the microbial environment in transplant recipients and points to the microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing graft acceptance.
Supplementary Figures 1-9 from A Phase I First-in-Human Study of Nesvacumab (REGN910), a Fully Human Anti–Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 Total Nesvacumab (REGN910) and Total Ang2 vs Time (cycle 1) following IV infusion in Patients. Supplementary Figure 2 Serum levels of ESM1, SDF-1, PLGF-1 and sVCAM-1 following Nesvacumab (REGN910) treatment. Supplementary Figure 3 Correlative analysis of baseline serum Ang2, ESM-1, SDF-1 ,PIGF and cVCAM-1 and treatment duration. Supplementary Figure 4 Correlative analysis of baseline Ang2 in tumor vessels and treatment duration/response. Supplementary Figure 5 Ang2 and VEGF-A protein levels in tumor tissue pre and post treatment with Nesvacumab (REGN910). Supplementary Figure 6 Biomarker analysis of archival tumor tissue. Supplementary Figure 7 Microvascular density in tumor tissue pre and post treatment with Nesvacumab (REGN910). Supplementary Figure 8 Tumor cell proliferation in tumor tissue pre and post treatment with Nesvacumab (REGN910). Supplementary Figure 9 TIE-2 protein levels associated with tumor vessels pre and post treatment with Nesvacumab (REGN910)&lt;/p&gt;
n-PENTANE ISOMERIZATION OVER SUPPORTED BINARY IODIDE CATALYSTS PREPARED FROM INTERMETALLIC-I2 SYSTEMS (1980)

Abstract γ-Al2O3 or SiO2 supported binary iodide catalysts, which were prepared by impregnation of the mixtures formed from reacting ErAl3 with I2, exhibited the high ability to catalyze the n-pentane conversion at room temperature. The conversion easily progressed to form iso-pentane along with production of C4 and C6 hydrocarbons. Properties of the catalysts prepared closely related to supports used.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMULTANEOUS ACTION OF PHOSPHINES AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE ON NUCLEOPHILES. PART 35. SOLUBLE POLYMER‐SUPPORTED TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AS CONDENSING AGENT FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS. PART 11 (1977)

Abstract Gegenüber dem vemetzten, unlöslichen Polymeren (Ia), das wie berichtet, zusammen mit CCl 4 als Kondensationsreagenz bei Peptidsynthesen angewendet werden kann, ist das lineare, lösliche Polymere (Ib) von größerem Vorteil.
Preexisting Neutralizing Antibodies to Adeno-Associated Virus Capsids in Large Animals Other Than Monkeys May Confound In Vivo Gene Therapy Studies (2015)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are currently being tested not only in small animal models such as mice but also in large animal models, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Natural exposure to AAV occurs in most of the species used in these studies and potentially elicits a neutralizing humoral immune response to AAV. In this study, we show the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to several AAV serotypes in these large animals as measured by an in vitro NAb assay and the ability of these NAbs to block AAV transduction in an in vivo mouse model of NAb passive transfer assay. The results of this study clearly show the importance of evaluating large animal models for the presence of AAV NAbs before enrolling them in AAV-mediated gene therapy studies.
Integration of indoor location networks into the UMTS architecture: assistand location networks (2005)

In this paper we propose the integration of high-precision indoor location networks - such as RADAR or Bluetooth Location Networks (BLNs) - into the UMTS architecture. Thus, in our approach, such networks become assistant location networks, to improve cell-ID location precision indoors. We demonstrate that assistant location networks are scalable and propose their integration into the UMTS core network via a NBAP extension.
Occurrence and clinical implications of heterotopic ossification after cervical disc arthroplasty with the Prestige LP Cervical Disc at 2 contiguous levels (2020)

Radiographically severe (grade III or IV) HO after CDA with the Prestige LP disc at 2 levels did not significantly affect efficacy or safety outcomes (severe AEs or secondary surgeries). However, severe HO, particularly grade IV HO, significantly limited ROM, as expected.
Acoustic streaming in therapeutic ultrasound (2012)

Wesley Nyborg’s contributions to a theoretical description of acoustic streaming were pioneering, rigorous, and so thorough that little additional work has been published. Acoustic streaming has had many applications in acoustics, especially medical acoustics, in which it is difficult to avoid. In many cases, it can be used to enhance or accelerate a particular therapeutic effect. This presentation will provide a few examples of the role of acoustic streaming in therapeutic ultrasound as well as share a few warm memories of this kind and generous man. [Work supported in part by the NIH and NSBRI.]