gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic and molecular analysis of tomato Cf genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum (1998)

In many plant-pathogen interactions resistance to disease is controlled by the interaction of plant-encoded resistance (R) genes and pathogen-encoded avirulence (Avr) genes. The interaction between tomato and the leaf mould pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is an ideal system to study the molecular basis of pathogen perception by plants. A total of four tomato genes for resistance to C. fulvum (Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-5 and Cf-9) have been isolated from two genetically complex chromosomal loci. Their gene products recognize specific C. fulvum-encoded avirulence gene products (Avr2, Avr4, Avr5 and Avr9) by an unknown molecular mechanism. Cf genes encode extracellular membrane-anchored glycoproteins comprised predominantly of 24 amino acid leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Cf genes from the same locus encode proteins which are more than 90% identical. Most of the amino-acid sequence differences correspond to the solvent-exposed residues within a beta-strand/beta-turn structural motif which is highly conserved in LRR proteins. Sequence variability within this motif is predicted to affect the specificity of ligand binding. Our analysis of Cf gene loci at the molecular level has shown they comprise tandemly duplicated homologous genes, and suggests a molecular mechanism for the generation of sequence diversity at these loci. Our analysis provides further insight into the molecular basis of pathogen perception by plants and the organization and evolution of R gene loci.
Supplementary Figure 9 from Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy Drives Monocyte-to-Dendritic Cell Maturation to Induce Anticancer Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional data relevant to Figure 6, showing ability of TI-derived monocytes to stimulate CD4 T cells in a culture assay, for review and publication&lt;/p&gt;
Aging simulation of SiC-MOSFET in DC-AC converter (2017)

This investigation focuses on the aging simulation of a DC-AC converter during the stress situation of a lightning strike. The newly developed compact model HiSIM_HSiC for high-voltage SiC MOSFETs, which considers the carrier-trap increase, is applied for the simulation. Simulation results reproduce the measured converter characteristics during the conventional earth fault protection of the DC-AC converter. It is verified that the device aging occurs in spite of this protection. The modeled device aging after the converter has endured several lightning strikes predicts enhanced efficiency reduction by more than 10% in addition to the ordinary usage.
Study of protein sequence comparison metrics on the Connection Machine CM-2 (1988)

Software tools have been developed to perform rapid large-scale protein sequence comparisons on databases of amino-acid sequences, using a data-parallel computer architecture. This software makes it possible to compare a protein against a database of several thousand proteins in the same time required by a conventional computer to do a single protein-protein comparison, thus enabling biologists to find relevant similarities much more quickly, and to evaluate many different comparison metrics in a reasonable period of time. This software was used to analyze the effectiveness of various scoring metrics in determining sequence similarity, and to generate statistical information about the behavior of these scoring systems under the variation of certain parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrochemistry in the gas phase. Use of ultramicroelectrodes for the analysis of electroactive species in gas mixtures (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry in the gas phase. Use of ultramicroelectrodes for the analysis of electroactive species in gas mixturesJamal. Ghoroghchian, Fereshteh. Sarfarazi, Timothy. Dibble, John. Cassidy, Jerry J. Smith, Andrea. Russell, Gordon. Dunmore, Martin. Fleischmann, and Stanley. PonsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 11, 2278–2282Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00124a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00124a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alkali metal coactivators in SrS: Cu,F thin-film electroluminescent devices (1999)

A unique approach for obtaining bright and efficient saturated green phosphors for alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) device applications is presented. The approach involves color-shifting blue SrS:Cu,F ACTFEL phosphors into the green region of the spectrum via the incorporation of alkali metal ions into the SrS lattice. Alkali metals are incorporated into SrS:Cu,F phosphors by using LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, or CsF coactivators. The best result to date is obtained by using a KF coactivator and results in a saturated green brightness and efficiency of 52.7 cd/m2 and 0.973 lm/W (at a frequency of 60 Hz and an overvoltage of 40 V). In addition to providing a color shift, the alkali-metal fluorides improve the overall performance of the ACTFEL device by increasing the magnitude of the electric field and its uniformity across the phosphor through suppression of positive space charge.
Polymers Decorated with Functional Motifs for Mitigation of Steel Corrosion: An Overview (2020)

Corrosion is a hazardous phenomenon having a devastating impact on technological and industrial applications, particularly in the oil and gas industries. Therefore, controlling the corrosion of metals is an important activity of technical, economical, environmental, and aesthetical importance in order to save huge expenses in materials, equipment, and structure. The use of corrosion inhibitors is one of the best options for controlling the metallic corrosion in various corrosive media. Numerous problems aroused with the use of inorganic and small molecule organic corrosion inhibitors, and the use of polymeric corrosion inhibitors came into limelight. This review article provides an overview of the recent development of different classes of corrosion inhibitors with special emphasis on different functional motifs of natural, synthetically modified natural, and synthetic polymeric materials. The significance, mechanism, and challenges of using polymeric materials as corrosion inhibitors are also highlighted in the review.
Discrete oligodimethylsiloxane–oligomethylene di- and triblock co-oligomers: synthesis, self-assembly and molecular organisation (2018)

A new class of discrete-length block co-oligomers comprising oligodimethylsiloxane (<italic>o</italic>DMS) and oligomethylene (<italic>o</italic>M) is presented.
CD300a and CD300f differentially regulate the MyD88 and TRIF‐mediated TLR signalling pathways through activation of SHP‐1 and/or SHP‐2 in human monocytic cell lines (2011)

CD300a, a membrane protein expressed on myeloid lineages and specific subsets of CD4(+) T cells, has been reported to have inhibitory activities in cellular activation. However, the role of CD300a in Toll-like receptor (TLR) -mediated macrophage activation has not been investigated. The human monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937 were stimulated with various TLR ligands after triggering of CD300a with specific monoclonal antibody. Interestingly, CD300a blocked TLR4-mediated and TLR9-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators without affecting TLR3-mediated events. In contrast, CD300f, another member of the CD300 family, blocked the activation of cells induced by all TLR ligands. A transient transfection assay using luciferase reporter gene under the regulation of nuclear factor-κB binding sites indicated that co-transfection of CD300f blocked reporter expression induced by over-expression of both myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and toll-interleukin 1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), whereas CD300a blocked only MyD88-induced events. Synthetic peptides representing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs of CD300a or CD300f mimicked the differential inhibition patterns of their original molecules. The use of various signalling inhibitors and Western blotting analysis revealed that TLR9/MyD88-mediated signalling was regulated mainly by SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), which could be activated by CD300a or CD300f. In contrast, regulation of the TLR3/TRIF-mediated pathway required the combined action of SHP-1 and SHP-2, which could be accomplished by CD300f but not CD300a. These data indicate that CD300a and CD300f regulate the MyD88 and TRIF-mediated TLR signalling pathways through differential activation of SHP-1 and SHP-2.
Performance of coded systems over fading dispersive channels (1992)

The authors consider a number of topics concerned with coding schemes over fading dispersive channels. They begin with comparing the performance of the energy receiver with the optimum and envelope receivers. Different coding schemes are used to improve the performance. The effect of channel spread on the performance of single-state Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is investigated. Channel information (CI) is discussed as a means for further improvement. The simple erasure criterion used is suboptimal, but gives a measure of the gain that can be achieved by using CI. Of special interest is the use of a concatenated coding technique for forming codes of large distance. Concatenated codes using short RS codes with CI as inner codes and RS outer codes are compared. It has been shown that the improvement obtained by concatenation is significant for overspread channels. This is attributed to the implicit diversity introduced by the channel. Furthermore, a concatenated system using convolutional codes as inner codes performs better than the system using RS inner codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multistable phase regulation for robust steady and transitional legged gaits (2012)

We develop robust methods that allow the specification, control, and transition of a multi-legged robot’s stepping pattern, its ‘gait’, during active locomotion over natural terrain. Resulting gaits emerge through the introduction of controllers that impose appropriately placed repellors within the space of gaits, the torus of relative leg phases, thereby mitigating against dangerous patterns of leg timing. Moreover, these repellors are organized with respect to a natural cellular decomposition of gait space and result in limit cycles with associated basins that are well characterized by these cells, thus conferring a symbolic character upon the overall behavioral repertoire. These ideas are particularly applicable to four- and six-legged robots, for which a large variety of interesting and useful (and, in many cases, familiar) gaits exist, and whose tradeoffs between speed and reliability motivate the desire for transitioning between them during active locomotion. We provide an empirical instance of this gait regulation scheme by application to a climbing hexapod, whose ‘physical layer’ sensor-feedback control requires adequate grasp of a climbing surface but whose closed-loop control perturbs the robot from its desired gait. We document how the regulation scheme secures the desired gait and permits operator selection of different gaits as required during active climbing on challenging surfaces.
Spongelike Functional Materials from TEMPO ‐Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (2019)

The cleavage of the hierarchical structure of plant cellulose provides nanocellulose (NC), an attractive renewable nanomaterial for advanced applications. The presence of carboxylic acid moieties renders 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) particularly appealing for the synthesis of cellulose-based polymers with suitable cross-linkers. This chapter aims to provide an overview on the synthesis of bPEI-TOCNF sponges and their possible application fields. The high specific content of amino groups in bPEI-TOCNF makes them very suitable for environmental applications. The nanostructuring of cellulose nanofibers can also represent a useful synthetic tool for the preparation of different families of organic and inorganic aerogels. The cross-linking of TOCNF, in the presence of polyamines, provides a simple and cheap thermal procedure for the production of nanostructured aerogels from polysaccharide renewable sources. The ecofriendly nature of the engineered nanostructured materials opens the route for the development of sustainable and ecosafe nanoremediation, overcoming the issues related to the use of nanosized technologies.
Artificial neural network techniques for power and signal integrity (2014)

A record of the panel discussion was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Editorial (2004)

Insulin secretion and β-cell biology are the focus of the Servier-IGIS Symposia that have been held yearly since 2000 in St. Jean Cap Ferrat in southern France (1). This volume, the fourth of a series published in Diabetes (1–3), collects the proceedings of the fourth Servier-IGIS Symposium, which focused on novel factors involved in islet biology and β-cell function. Special emphasis was placed on nuclear receptors, new genes that are associated with type 2 diabetes, and the role of mitochondria and lipid modulators in islet function. This symposium offers a striking example of how better knowledge of β-cell biology and the introduction of genetic tools to explore the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes complement each other to improve our understanding of glucose homeostasis.

Section I details the role of nuclear receptors in islet function, with special emphasis on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPARα was cloned in 1990; related receptors were subsequently cloned, namely PPARδ (or β) and PPARγ. They form heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR); their natural ligands are fatty acids and lipid-derived substrates. These receptors are major regulators of lipid metabolism, linking availability of glucose and lipids and long-term metabolic adaptation. Most importantly, they are targeted by key drugs used in treatment of hyperlipidemias and diabetes, namely fibrates and thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones are synthetic PPARγ agonists developed to improve glucose tolerance by enhancing insulin sensitivity and restoring β-cell function. Patients with dominant-negative PPAR γ mutations develop severe hyperglycemia, and PPAR γ gene variants have been associated with type 2 diabetes. Besides the many actions of PPARγ agonists on the transcription of genes controlling insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, they increase glucose sensing in liver and in β-cells. In the latter, PPARγ also enhances growth and prevents apoptosis.

PPARα (the target of fibrates) controls lipid uptake and oxidation …
A DUAL-GATE CELL (DGC) FeRAM WITH NDRO AND RANDOM ACCESS SCHEME FOR NANOSCALE AND TERABIT NON-VOLATILE MEMORY (2006)

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new dual-gate cell (DGC) FeRAM. The dual-gate cell is composed with MFSFET and MOSFET faced in parallel with common drain, source and float channel. The gates of the dual-gate cell are controlled by wordline and bottom wordline, respectively. A multitude of the dual-gate cells are arrayed in serial connection for unit array scheme. The WL_1 to WL_m of MFSFET are not biased for sensing operation in read mode, thus there are no degradation and disturbance to the cell retention data in read access. The write cycle composed with two sub-write cycles of data ‘1’ preserve or data ‘0’ write cycle after the first sub-write cycle of data ‘1’ write to all active cells. The data ‘1’ is preserved by the same voltage polarity between WL_1 and channel voltage of the MFSFET. The random access operation is possible in both read and write mode with non-destructive read out (NDRO).
SALVAGE CRYOTHERAPY USING AN ARGON BASED SYSTEM FOR LOCALLY RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADIATION THERAPY: THE COLUMBIA EXPERIENCE (2001)

Our study supports cryosurgery of the prostate as safe and effective treatment in patients in whom radiation therapy fails. Using the CRYOCare machine resulted in a marked decrease in complications.
High-grade position estimation for SRM drives using flux linkage/current correction model (1999)

This paper proposes a principle of high-resolution sensorless position estimation for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive, using either flux linkage or current to correct for errors in rotor position. The estimation algorithm makes full use of the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the SRM through correlation of current, flux linkage and rotor position. The estimation model is simple, but with no loss in accuracy, leading to few real-time computations. Furthermore, a criterion is proposed to choose the phase most suited for position estimation when more than one phase conducts. The algorithm can also correct the predicted flux linkage, which, in turn, may be used to further correct the position estimate, and the features hereof are discussed. Simulations, real-time implementation and experimental results using the algorithm are presented, and confirm the concept.
LARGE DIAMETER HEADS: IS BIGGER ALWAYS BETTER? (2014)

Dislocation remains among the most common complications of, and reasons for, revision of both primary and revision total hip arthroplasties in the United States. Hence, there is great interest in maximising stability to prevent this complication. Highly cross-linked polyethylene has allowed us to increase femoral head size, without a clinically important increase in wear. Head size has long been recognised to have a strong influence on the risk of dislocation postoperatively. As femoral head size increases, stability is augmented, secondary to a decrease in component-to-component impingement, which is theoretically eliminated at head sizes greater than 36mm in diameter (however osseous impingement can still occur). Larger head sizes also greatly increase the “jump distance” required for the head to dislocate (in an appropriately positioned cup) and eliminate the need for skirts. Level one studies support the use of larger diameter heads as decreasing the risk of dislocation following primary and revision THA. Larger diameter heads do, however, have negatives with the most recent concern being larger forces imparted upon the trunnion, which may contribute to adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) which have recently been reported in patients with a metal on polyethylene bearing. However, in the series by Cooper et al, 32mm was the most common head size identified with no head sizes >36mm in this series. This suggests that the cause of ALTR is probably multifactorial and while femoral head size may be a contributor, the trunnion itself may be more important including its diameter, length and modulus of elasticity as well as the specific finish of the taper. Finally, when larger femoral head sizes are used in smaller acetabular components, the result is a thinner polyethylene liner, which may increase the risk of liner breakage. Larger diameter bearings may also increase the risk of squeaking in ceramic on ceramic bearing couples. Hence, the decision on femoral head size probably should include a balance between patient risk factors for instability and the risks of increased head size. Hence for revision procedures, and in primary cases where the risk of dislocation is known to be high, the risk of a larger femoral head is probably outweighed by the benefits of enhanced stability if a larger femoral head is utilised.
Enantioselective Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Imides Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Organocatalyst (2005)

High enantioselectivities (up to 94 % ee) were attained in the Michael addition of a variety of α,β-unsaturated imides 1 and malononitrile (2) catalyzed by bifunctional thiourea 4. The pyrrolidinone moiety of 1 plays a key role in the reaction. The reaction provides access to a variety of Michael adducts 3 (see scheme; R=aryl and alkyl groups).
Microfabricated magnetoelastic sensors and actuators: Opportunities and challenges (2015)

Magnetoelastic transduction is an inherently wireless technique that does not require any onboard power; thus it offers considerable opportunities in both sensing and actuating microsystem applications. However, the technique is relatively young in its development and solutions to miniaturization and integration challenges are still emerging. This paper details some of these challenges, including material choice, design, and interrogation methods. Additionally, it describes recently reported applications of magnetoelastic sensing and actuation highlighting approaches for meeting these challenges while taking advantage of the opportunities provided by the technique.
Directional screens (2017)

The goal of display and screen manufacturers is to design devices or surfaces that maximize the perceived image quality, e.g., resolution, brightness, and color reproduction. Very often, a particular viewer location is not taken into account, and the quality is maximized across all viewing directions. This, however, has significant implications for energy efficiency. There is usually a very wide range of viewing directions (e.g., ceiling, floor, or walls) for which the displayed content does not need to be provided. Ignoring this fact results in energy waste due to a significant amount of light reflected towards these regions. In our work, we propose a new type of screen - directional screens, which can be customized depending on a specific audience layout. They can provide up to 5 times increased gain when compared to high-gain screens and up to 15 times brighter reflection than a matte screen. In addition, they provide uniform brightness across all viewing directions, which addresses the problem of "hot-spotting" in high-gain screens. The key idea of our approach is to build a front-projection screen from tiny, highly reflective surfaces. Each of these surfaces is carefully designed so that it reflects the light only towards the audience. In this paper, we propose a complete process for designing and manufacturing such screens. We also validate our concept in simulations and by fabricating several fragments of big screens.