gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Near-Field Magnetic Projectile Location System (2012)

Near-field magnetic principles and properties have been well studied and are used in a plethora of modern applications, ranging from medical applications to audio and video processing, and magnetic tracking. Current tracking applications are based in either AC or Pulsed-DC systems. Generally, AC systems have high resolution and accuracy, but perform very poorly in the presence of conducting magnetic materials. Pulsed-DC tracking has the benefit of not inducing large eddy currents in proximity to magnetic materials, thus increasing its overall accuracy. It has been suggested that pure DC systems are not feasible because they are unable to account for the presence of the Earth's magnetic field.;It was the purpose of this research to propose and create a system, and develop an algorithm, that has the ability to determine the three-dimensional position and orientation of a permanent magnetic source; the position and orientation to be determined by information reported by a network of single-axis magnetic sensors. Methodology to account for the Earth's magnetic field before, during, and after operation in order to remove ambient and environmental magnetic noise, much like a pulsed-DC system does, was also to be considered.;A center-finding algorithm was developed to determine position (x- and y-axis) based on the unique geometry of the B-field of the magnetic source at any point in three-dimensional space. Two degrees of orientation, elevation and rotation, were calculated from the position and the reported values of the magnetic sensors. The z-axis position was then determined given the analytical model and the other calculated values. In addition to the computed position, a six input Kalman tracker-estimator was developed and implemented using three dimensions of position and velocities to aid in predicting the path the magnetic source will take, based solely on kinematics, to reduce position-based sensor error.;The contribution of this research shows that is it not necessary to obtain three-axis magnetic data to track a magnetic source in three-dimensional space. When the distribution of the magnetic flux density is known, it is possible to determine three-dimensional position and orientation with only single-axis information.;Experimental testing verified the theoretical predictions of this statement. A rotational test apparatus was used to verify two-dimensional position and orientation, while a linear test apparatus verified position in three dimensions. The same magnetic source was used, while changing the orientation for each test. Initial findings allow the magnetic source to be tracked on the rotational testing apparatus to within a radial
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC DIENAMINES. II. CONDENSATION OF FISCHER′S BASE WITH SATURATED ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES. FORMATION OF AZATRIENES (1977)

Abstract Aliphatische Aldehyde (II) reagieren mit der Fischer‐Base (I) zu den neuen Dienaminen (III) als Mischung von Konfigurationsisomeren.
The Virtual Engine Development for Enhancing the Compression Ratio of DISI-Engines Combining Water Injection, Turbulence Increase and Miller Strategy (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The increase in efficiency is the focus of current engine development by adopting different technologies. One limiting factor for the rise of SI-engine efficiency is the onset of knock, which can be mitigated by improving the combustion process. HCCI/SACI represent sophisticated combustion techniques that investigate the employment of pre-chamber with lean combustion, but the effective use of them in a wide range of the engine map, by fulfilling at the same time the need of fast load control are still limiting their adoption for series engine. For these reasons, the technologies for improving the characteristics of a standard combustion process are still largely investigated. Among these, water injection, in combination with the Miller cycle, offers the possibility to increase the knock resistance, which in turn enables the rise of the engine geometric compression ratio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The need for reducing measurements and executing specific tests are mandatory to make still the IC-Engines competitive to other powertrain solutions. The implementation of water injection can be realized through different engine layouts and injection strategies. Besides, the results of injecting water are strictly dependent on the base engine features and load point. Therefore, virtual development becomes essential to study many engine configurations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work, indirect and direct water injection strategies are considered to increase the engine knock limit. The investigation is conducted with the 3D-CFD-Tool QuickSim, which was developed at IVK/FKFS Stuttgart. The implementation of water physics, the extension of simulation domain up to full engine (including intake and exhaust system), and the possibility to analyze multiple cycles allow understanding the effects of water and valve timing on engine behavior. The simulation validation was accomplished through the experiments carried out on a single-cylinder engine, equipped with indirect and direct water injections. The set-up of a virtual test bench is exploited to increase the engine geometric compression ratio, by combining Miller valve timing strategies with water injection. Particularly the investigation of a water-optimized injector targeting and position for the direct water injector enables increasing the turbulence within the cylinder and compensating for the effect of early intake valve closure. With the support of a newly developed knock model, the effect of water and the modified valve overlap on the combustion process is analyzed, to increase engine efficiency and propose a new approach for future powertrain engine development process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Porous Anodic Alumina Thin Films from Atomic Force Microscopy (2009)

In this article, a precise and convenient technique based on the atomic force microscope (AFM) is developed to measure the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of a porous anodic alumina thin film. A stage was used to heat the sample from room temperature up to 450 K. Thermal effects on AFM probes and different operation modes at elevated temperatures were also studied, and a silicon AFM probe in the tapping mode was chosen for the subsequent measurements due to its temperature insensitivity. The topography of the porous anodic alumina sample was obtained, and the pore sizes and the surface roughness were analyzed. The thermal expansion of the sample was measured within the temperature range of 293 to 443 K. The results show that the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the porous anodic alumina thin film is approximately two times larger than that of bulk alumina.
Standardized image interpretation and post-processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance - 2020 update (2020)

With mounting data on its accuracy and prognostic value, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic tool with growing utility in clinical routine. Given its versatility and wide range of quantitative parameters, however, agreement on specific standards for the interpretation and post-processing of CMR studies is required to ensure consistent quality and reproducibility of CMR reports. This document addresses this need by providing consensus recommendations developed by the Task Force for Post-Processing of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR). The aim of the Task Force is to recommend requirements and standards for image interpretation and post-processing enabling qualitative and quantitative evaluation of CMR images. Furthermore, pitfalls of CMR image analysis are discussed where appropriate. It is an update of the original recommendations published 2013.
Advanced Emulsions: Enabling Advanced Emulsion with Microchannel Architecture (2007)

An innovative emulsification technology that produces modern emulsions at a reasonable cost has been demonstrated. This process is useful for producing conventional emulsions, and so-called "surfactant free" emulsions, which are stabilized by particles and/or amphipathic polymers. Such emulsions present significant formulation and processing challenges because conventional emulsification techniques rely upon shear force to break up the droplets formed by the discontinuous phase and to transport the emulsifier to the interface. Microchannel emulsification technology is unlike traditional methods that use high-shear forces to form small droplets. This technology, which consists of intervening microchannels with apertured substrates, adds the discontinuous to the continuous phase, one droplet at a time, and provides better control than conventional methods. The droplet size distribution is controlled by adjusting critical process parameters (mixing energy, mixing time), and precise heating and/or cooling.
Management of IoT Devices in a Physical Network (2017)

The internet of things is an evolving trend, connecting "things" to the internet, exchanging and collecting information about the surrounding environment. This is possible, by using different devices such as sensors and actuators feeding information that when connected together, enable to monitor and interact with the surrounding environment. Nowadays, there are many devices with different functionalities from multiple manufacturers, which create an interoperability issue of how to interconnect and manage this heterogeneous world of devices. In order to promote interoperability and effectively manage devices it's required to store their data and at the same time handle the registration of each device in a network. The development of a reference architecture can provide a solution for this problem, however a consensus on a reference architecture that can effectively manage this heterogeneous world of devices, is still not yet achieved. Device management is a key feature for any real world solution for a scalable reliable interoperable cloud platform. This gives the capability to add a device, and in that moment enable communication with the rest of the network, sharing information and providing knowledge in an interoperable balanced environment. Adding new devices to a network and assign the necessary services, interfaces and rules will provide a fast track not only in terms of a business-oriented solution but also in back-end management and interoperability. This paper proposes a device management solution based on an architecture and model, to support the registration of devices and propose the necessary services and events, which can be used by a specific device, during its life span inside the physical network.
Omnidirectional low-dispersive UWB-antenna (2011)

The pulse distortion is mainly influenced by the frequency dependend path loss. Because of the bandwidth of ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, it is necessary to compensate that effect. This will lead to a flat transfer function for ideal pulse transmission. We will present an UWB-Antenna which neutralises the dispersion effect with help of its shape. The UWB-Antennas working range is from 1 to 11 GHz. In this range the low-dispersive behaviour is nearly omnidirectional. With using this antennas it is possible to transmit a signal with minimal dispersion effects.
A One-Pot Synthesis of Chromophoric Silicate-Based Xerogels (2002)

A combination of nucleophilic aromatic substitution of fluorine by amino groups with a sol–gel process leads to the synthesis of organic-functionalized hybrid gels by a one-pot method based on silicates. The sol–gel reaction is catalyzed by hydrofluoric acid formed after addition of ethanol and water. The picture shows a selection of the dried gels.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Extracellular Vesicles from High-Grade Glioma Exchange Diverse Pro-oncogenic Signals That Maintain Intratumoral Heterogeneity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 related to Figure 2. Presence of EVM supports pro-oncogenic traits of P GSCs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
Associations between circulating interferon and kynurenine/tryptophan pathway metabolites: support for a novel potential mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in SLE (2022)

High ISG expression correlated with elevated KYN:TRP ratios in subjects with SLE, suggesting IFN-mediated KYN/TRP pathway activation, and with QA:KA ratios in a subset with high monocyte-associated gene expression, suggesting that KYN/TRP pathway activation may be particularly important in monocytes. These results need validation, which may aid in determining which patient subset may benefit from therapeutics directed at the IFN or KYN/TRP pathways to ameliorate a potentially neurotoxic QA/KA imbalance.
Supplmental Figures S1 - S8 from Harnessing Connectivity in a Large-Scale Small-Molecule Sensitivity Dataset (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1. Further characterization of the small-molecule Informer Set and comparisons between CTRP v1 and v2. Supplemental Figure S2. Cellular features of the CCL panel. Supplemental Figure S3. Details on ACME analysis described in this paper. Supplemental Figure S4. ACME identifies clinically relevant associations between small-molecule sensitivity and cancer cell features. Supplemental Figure S5. Using ACME to investigate small-molecule mechanism of action. Supplemental Figure S6. Microtubule regrowth assay in NCIH661 cells. Supplemental Figure S7. Combined IGF1R and ALK inhibition in ALK overexpressed neuroblastoma. Supplemental Figure S8. Using ACME to inform combination screening.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Uptake in Sliced Rat Lung (1981)

Slices of rat lung were incubated with tritiated 5-hydroxytryptamine and the tissue uptake of tritium was studied after separating the free and bound radioactivity by filtration on glass fiber filters. At 37 degrees a rapid uptake occurred during the first 10 min. After that time the uptake was less marked but it was still present after 60 min. The uptake was moderately potentiated by the MAO inhibitor iproniazid (3 micrometers) after 30-60 min. incubation. The 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake was inhibited by some uptake inhibitors, their order of potency beeing: clomipramine greater than imipramine greater than or equal to nortriptyline greater than or equal to cocaine greater than or equal to desipramine greater than maprotiline. At 0 degrees the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine was negligible. Non-linear regression analysis of uptake data indicated that 5-hydroxytryptamine was taken up by two different mechanisms. One of the uptake processes was saturated by high concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and showed an apparent Km of 8 X 10(-7) M. The other uptake was linearly related to the 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration and could not be saturated even by concentration up to 5 X 10(-5) M of the amine.
Attogram detection using nanoelectromechanical oscillators (2004)

We report on the fabrication of nanometer-scale mass sensors with subattogram sensitivity. Surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon and silicon nitride nanomechanical oscillators were used to detect the presence of well-defined mass loading. Controlled deposition of thiolate self-assembled monolayers on lithographically defined gold dots were used for calibrated mass loading. We used a dinitrophenyl poly(ethylene glycol) undecanthiol-based molecule (DNP-PEG4-C11thiol) as a model ligand for this study. Due to the fact that the gold mass is attached at the distance l0 from the end x=l of the cantilever beam, an additional moment evolves in the boundary condition of the oscillator, which was taken into consideration through the rotational inertia of the attached mass. We showed that the corresponding correction of the frequency is on the order of γ(l0/l), where γ is the attached mass normalized to the mass of the beam. The rotational inertia correction to the frequency is on the order of γ(l0/l)2. The adopted approach permits accurate determination of the eigenfrequency in the framework of the Euler–Bernoulli beam when rotational inertia of the attached mass is included. From the resonant frequency shift, the mass of the adsorbed species was determined and compared to results obtained by other techniques. Utilizing vacuum encapsulation, we demonstrate sensing capability in the attogram regime of the adsorbed self-assembled monolayer.
Adverse perinatal outcomes for advanced maternal age: a cross-sectional study of Brazilian births (2015)

As a rule, older mothers are at higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, which, however, may be mitigated or eliminated, depending on gestational age, parity, and, especially, on the education level of the pregnant woman.
The anterior interhemispheric approach to a third ventricular cavernous malformation (2016)

The anterior interhemispheric approach is a workhorse for treatment of lesions in the third ventricle. In this case, we demonstrate the utility of this approach for resecting a complex third ventricular cavernous malformation. We discuss patient positioning, optimal location of the craniotomy, and surgical resection techniques for safe removal of these lesions. We also demonstrate the importance of gravity retraction using the falx to prevent injury to the dominant frontal lobe. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/38woc28er7M .
Novel sst4-Selective Somatostatin (SRIF) Agonists. 1. Lead Identification Using a Betide Scan (2003)

Hypothesizing that structural constraints in somatostatin (SRIF) analogues may result in receptor selectivity, and aiming to characterize the bioactive conformation of somatostatin at each of its five receptors, we carried out an N(beta)-methylated aminoglycine (Agl) scan of the octapeptide H-c[Cys(3)-Phe(6)-Phe(7)-dTrp(8)-Lys(9)-Thr(10)-Phe(11)-Cys(14)]-OH (SRIF numbering) (ODT-8) that is potent at all SRIF receptor subtypes (sst's) but sst(1). We found that H-c[Cys-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-Phe-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (4), H-c[Cys-Phe-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (6), H-c[Cys-Phe-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-dTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (8), and H-c[DCys-Phe-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (10) had high affinity (IC(50) = 14.3, 5.4, 5.2, and 3.4 nM, respectively) and selectivity for sst(4) (>50-fold over the other receptors). The l-configuration at positions 7 and 8 (l(7), l(8)) yields greater sst(4) selectivity than the l(7), d(8) configuration (6 versus 8). Peptides with the d(7), l(8) (7) and d(7), d(8) (9) configurations are significantly less potent at all receptors. H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DTrp-LAgl(betaAla)-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (16), H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DTrp-DAgl(betaAla)-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (17), and their N(beta)Me derivatives at position 9 (18, 19) were essentially inactive. Potent but less sst(4)-selective were members of the Agl-scan at positions 10, H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-dTrp-Lys-lAgl(N(beta)Me,HO-Ac)-Phe-Cys]-OH (20, IC(50) = 6.5 nM), and 11, H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DTrp-Lys-Thr-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-Cys]-OH (22, IC(50) = 6.9 nM), while the d-configuration at positions 10 (21) and 11 (23) led to reduced affinity. One of our best analogues, 8, is an agonist when tested for its ability to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in sst(4)-transfected CCL39 cells (EC(50) = 1.01 nM). All Agl-containing analogues were first synthesized using unresolved Fmoc-Agl(N(beta)Me,Boc)-OH, and the diastereomers were separated using HPLC. Chiral assignment at the Agl-containing residue was subsequently done using enzymatic degradation and by de novo synthesis in the cases of H-c[Cys-Phe-DAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (9) and H-c[DCys-Phe-DAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (11), starting with the papain-resolved Fmoc-DAgl(Boc). These results suggested that the orientation of side chains at position 6, 7, or 11 with respect to the side chains of residues 8 and 9 may be independently responsible for sst(4) selectivity.
Integrated Capillary Electrophoresis Microsystem for Multiplex Analysis of Human Respiratory Viruses (2010)

We developed a two-layer, four-channel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis microdevice that integrates nucleic acid amplification, sample cleanup and concentration, capillary electrophoretic separation, and detection for multiplex analysis of four human respiratory viral pathogens, influenza A, influenza B, coronavirus OC43, and human metapneumovirus. Biotinylated and fluorescently labeled double-stranded (ds) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification products are generated in a 100 nL PCR reactor incorporating an integrated heater and a temperature sensor. After amplification, the products are captured and concentrated in a cross-linked acrylamide gel capture matrix copolymerized with acrydite-functionalized streptavidin-capture agents. Thermal dehybridization releases the fluorescently labeled DNA strand for capillary electrophoresis injection, separation, and detection. Using plasmid standards containing the viral genes of interest, each target can be detected starting from as few as 10 copies/reactor. When a two-step reverse transcription PCR amplification is employed, the device can detect ribonucleic acid (RNA) analogues of all four viral targets with detection limits in the range of 25-100 copies/reactor. The utility of the microdevice for analyzing samples from nasopharyngeal swabs is demonstrated. When size-based separation is combined with four-color detection, this platform provides excellent product discrimination, making it readily extendable to higher-order multiplex assays. This portable microsystem is also suitable for performing automated assays in point-of-care diagnostic applications.
Droplet Formation and Scaling in Dense Suspensions (2011)

When a dense suspension is squeezed from a nozzle, dropletdetachment can occur similar to that of pure liquids. While in pureliquids the process of droplet detachment is well characterizedthroughself-similarprofilesandknownscalinglaws,weshowherethesimplepresenceofparticlescausessuspensionstobreakupinanew fashion. Using high-speed imaging, we find that detachmentof a suspension drop is described by a power law; specifically wefind the neck minimum radius, r
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fibrin Deposition in the Liver as an Indicator of Tissue Injury and Inflammation (2019)

EP-2104R can specifically detect fibrin associated with inflammation in a rat model of liver inflammation and fibrosis.
Potentiometry and repair of electrically stressed nanowires using atomic force microscopy (1998)

Using an atomic force microscope equipped with a conducting diamond tip, the surface potential on a current carrying gold nanowire was measured with microvolt potential sensitivity and nanometer spatial resolution. Potentiometry images illustrate the stages of failure of nanowires subjected to current stressing. During this failure process, a discontinuity in the potential gradient and an enhanced resistance region were observed at the failure site until a complete fracture was formed. By increasing the repulsive force and accurately positioning the tip, gold could be manipulated into the nanoscale fracture so that the electrical conductivity of the nanowire was regained.
Reducing Unauthorized Modification of Digital Objects (2011)

We consider the problem of malicious modification of digital objects. We present a protection mechanism designed to protect against unauthorized replacement or modification of digital objects while still allowing authorized updates transparently. We use digital signatures without requiring any centralized public key infrastructure. To explore the viability of our proposal, we apply the approach to file-system binaries, implementing a prototype in Linux which protects operating system and application binaries on disk. To test the prototype and related kernel modifications, we show that it protects against various rootkits currently available while incurring minimal overhead costs. The general approach can be used to restrict updates to general digital objects.