gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PSMA PET findings in an “EMBARK-like” cohort of patients with high-risk non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A single center post-hoc retrospective analysis. (2023)

5091 Background: The EMBARK trial is a phase 3, randomized, study evaluating use of enzalutamide with or without concomitant leuprolide in non-metastatic castrate sensitive prostate cancer patients. Eligibility status for the trial relied upon conventional imaging which under detects metastatic disease in comparison to PSMA-PET imaging. The aim of this post-hoc retrospective analysis was to describe the PSMA-PET findings in a patient population representative of the EMBARK trial. Methods: This was a post-hoc, retrospective analysis of 5 prospective studies of PSMA PET conducted at UCLA from 2016 to 2021 that included patients with recurrent PCa following RP, RT or SRT. Patients were included if they met eligibility for enrollment in the EMBARK trial at the time of their PSMA scan defined as the following: Rising PSA at a level above 1.0ng/mL (post RP and SRT) or 2.0ng/mL &gt; nadir (post-RT), PSA doubling time ≤ 9 months, Serum testosterone ≥ 150 ng/dL. Exclusion criteria constituted: distant metastatic disease as assessed by radiographic imaging, prior hormonal therapy or systemic therapy for prostate cancer. PSMA PET findings (PROMISE miTNM stage, number of lesions) were collected from the clinical imaging reports. Descriptive statistics were used (median, range). Results: From 2002 patients screened, 146 patients were included in the analysis. Median time from primary therapy to PSMA PET was 39 (2.1-261) months. Median pre-scan PSA levels and PSA doubling time in patients who underwent RP (n=85), dRT (n=22), post-RP SRT (n=39) and overall (n=146) were 2.4 ng/mL (1-72.1), 8.3 ng/mL (2.37-202), 2.58 ng/ml (1.1-32.3), 2.7 ng/mL (1-202), and 3.5 months (1-9), 3.3 months (1-9), 4.4 months (1-9), 3.7 (1-9) months, respectively. PSMA-PET was positive in 80%, 41%, 85%, 83% of the RP, dRT, RP + SRT and overall populations, respectively. Poly-metastatic disease (≥5 lesions) was found in 19%, 32%, 21% and 21% of cases, respectively. PSMA-PET detected disease only localized to the prostate fossa (miT+N0M0) in 7%, 32%, 0% and 9% respectively. PSMA-PET detected pelvic nodal disease (miTxN1M0) in 40% 18% 28% and 34% respectively. PSMA PET detected any distant metastatic disease (miTxNxM1) in 33%, 41% 56% and 40% respectively. PSMA-PET detected metastatic nodal only disease (N1 and/or M1a) in 58% 32% 74% and 39% and osseous disease (M1b) in 19% 23% 31% and 23% cases respectively. Conclusions: In this “EMBARK-like” cohort of patients with high-risk nmCS PCa and PSA DT &lt; 9 months, PSMA PET was positive in 83% of patients, detected M1 disease in 40% of patients and over one-fifth of cases presented with 5 or more lesions. PSMA-PET provides novel additional risk stratification for patients with high-risk nmCS PCa without distant metastasis based on conventional imaging. Further studies are needed to assess its independent prognostic value and use for treatment guidance. Clinical trial information: NCT03582774 .
An Effector-Targeted Protease Contributes to Defense against Phytophthora infestans and Is under Diversifying Selection in Natural Hosts (2010)

Since the leaf apoplast is a primary habitat for many plant pathogens, apoplastic proteins are potent, ancient targets for apoplastic effectors secreted by plant pathogens. So far, however, only a few apoplastic effector targets have been identified and characterized. Here, we discovered that the papain-like cysteine protease C14 is a new common target of EPIC1 and EPIC2B, two apoplastic, cystatin-like proteins secreted by the potato (Solanum tuberosum) late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. C14 is a secreted protease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato typified by a carboxyl-terminal granulin domain. The EPIC-C14 interaction occurs at a wide pH range and is stronger than the previously described interactions of EPICs with tomato defense proteases PIP1 and RCR3. The selectivity of the EPICs is also different when compared with the AVR2 effector of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, which targets PIP1 and RCR3, and only at apoplastic pH. Importantly, silencing of C14 increased susceptibility to P. infestans, demonstrating that this protease plays a role in pathogen defense. Although C14 is under conservative selection in tomato, it is under diversifying selection in wild potato species (Solanum demissum, Solanum verrucosum, and Solanum stoliniferum) that are the natural hosts of P. infestans. These data reveal a novel effector target in the apoplast that contributes to immunity and is under diversifying selection, but only in the natural host of the pathogen.
Technology development for GaN/AlGaN HEMT hybrid and MMIC amplifiers on semi-insulating SiC substrates (2002)

The GaN/AlGaN-on-SiC HEMT is being pursued as the active element on which to base next-generation high-frequency power amplifiers. Advances in III-nitride growth and processing techniques for commercial production of optoelectronic devices are being applied to advance the state-of-the-art for GaN/AlGaN HEMTs. Demonstrations of extremely high power density and total RF power from these unipolar, high-frequency transistors adequately demonstrate their potential for superior power performance over GaAs-based devices at 10 GHz. In order to satisfy the requirements for high-power, wide-bandwidth amplifiers, the next level of innovation for this technology is to develop monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The latest developments have allowed us to demonstrate the first operational MMIC amplifier in the GaN-on-SiC HEMT platform.
Molecular Cloning and Immunochemical Characterization of a New Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergen Homologous to Plant Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease (2010)

Protease activities in allergen sources are thought to be involved in triggering allergic inflammation through the disruption of epithelial barrier or the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Protease allergens may also work as type 2 helper T cell (TH2) adjuvants through the cleavage of cell surface receptors. Here, we report molecular cloning and immunochemical characterization of a new Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen (CPA9) homologous to serine protease, which is initially found as a high IgE-binding spot on our two-dimensional (2-D) IgE immunoblotting map. The cpa9 cDNA encoded a 757 amino acid polypeptide showing a significant sequence identity with plant subtilisin-like serine protease family members including melon major allergen Cuc m 1. We found that native CPA9 purified from C. japonica pollen showed a high IgE-binding frequency and IgE cross-reactivity with melon extract.
Validation of an Analytical Model to Lower the Cost of Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems for Smallholder Farmers in the Mena Region (2021)

Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation technology that has been shown to conserve water and significantly increase crop yield.This technology could be particularly beneficial to the world's estimated 500 million smallholder farmers, but drip systems tend to be financially inaccessible to this population.Drip systems require costly components including a pipe network, emitters, a pump and power system.Due to limited access to electricity, many smallholder farmers would require off-grid solutions.Designing reliable, low cost, off-grid drip irrigation systems for smallholder farms could significantly reduce the barrier to adoption.This paper builds on an integrated solar-powered drip irri-gation model that was shown to improve upon an existing software.Field trials of the small-scale drip system were conducted on research farms in Jordan and Morocco for a full growing season.Data collected from these field trials are used to validate the hydraulics portion of the systems-level model.In addition, the insights gained from the field trials were formed into design requirements for future iterations of the model.These include optimizing for the system life cycle cost, as opposed to capital cost, the ability to simulate the system operation over a season, the capability to input a user's irrigation schedule, incorporating locally-available components, and incorporating a system reliability constraint based on more detailed agronomic calculations.
Enhancement of ligand binding to myoglobin by far-infrared excitation from a free-electron laser (1989)

We summarize the theoretical reasons for believing that far-infrared radiation in the 5–100-cm−1 range can influence ligand recombination in heme proteins. We explicitly use the nonadiabatic model to discuss both electronic and vibrational matrix elements. We present the results of our experiment carried on at the University of California, Santa Barbara, free-electron laser in which we observed a modification of the recombination of carbon monoxide with myoglobin at low temperatures due to 50.5-cm−1 irradiation.
Transmit–Receive Duplexing Using Digital Beamforming System to Cancel Self-Interference (2011)

A near-field cancellation duplexing system is demonstrated using multiple coordinated transceivers with symmetrically arranged antenna elements and a digital backend for baseband waveform phase and amplitude weighting controls. By adapting weights of multiple transmit elements, coupled interference at receiver elements deconstructively interferes, providing up to 50 dB of additional isolation over the coupling of a single transmitter to a receiving element. Bandwidth considerations of the array are presented. It is shown that uncorrelated transmit noise from multiple transmitters can be removed through tunable filtering or through adaptive beamforming of multiple receiving elements, both providing an additional 30-40 dB of interference reduction that is tunable over the frequency range of the system.
DIM (3,3′-diindolylmethane) confers protection against ionizing radiation by a unique mechanism (2013)

DIM (3,3'-diindolylmethane), a small molecule compound, is a proposed cancer preventive agent that can be safely administered to humans in repeated doses. We report that administration of DIM in a multidose schedule protected rodents against lethal doses of total body irradiation up to 13 Gy, whether DIM dosing was initiated before or up to 24 h after radiation. Physiologic submicromolar concentrations of DIM protected cultured cells against radiation by a unique mechanism: DIM caused rapid activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a nuclear kinase that regulates responses to DNA damage (DDR) and oxidative stress. Subsequently, multiple ATM substrates were phosphorylated, suggesting that DIM induces an ATM-dependent DDR-like response, and DIM enhanced radiation-induced ATM signaling and NF-κB activation. DIM also caused activation of ATM in rodent tissues. Activation of ATM by DIM may be due, in part, to inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A, an upstream regulator of ATM. In contrast, DIM did not protect human breast cancer xenograft tumors against radiation under the conditions tested. In tumors, ATM was constitutively phosphorylated and was not further stimulated by radiation and/or DIM. Our findings suggest that DIM is a potent radioprotector and mitigator that functions by stimulating an ATM-driven DDR-like response and NF-κB survival signaling.
Litomosoides carinii: effect of diethylcarbamazine on microfilaremias of Mastomys natalensis harboring old infections, new infections, and transfused microfilariae. (1982)

Mastomys natalensis, matched according to age and microfilaremia, were divided into Experimental and Control groups. The former were given diethylcarbamazine (Caricide, 500 mg/kg) per os. Microfilariae counts were made at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and at 1, 5, and 12 days. This protocol was performed on rats with: old infections (patent for 7 mo), new infections (patent for 10 days), and no infection but made microfilaremic by injection of blood or culture-derived microfilariae. In all treated groups, the microfilaremia dropped precipitously within the first 15 min. Microfilaremias of animals with old infections remained low until day 12 after treatment when they began to rise, whereas those of animals with new infections began to rise immediately, i.e., within minutes after the initial decline. Microfilaremias of animals with no adult worms present remained depressed for the duration of the experiment. Thus, the resurgence of microfilariae after treatment with diethylcarbamazine is the result of release of new microfilariae by the female worms rather than release of trapped microfilariae by the host. This investigation also demonstrates that elimination of microfilariae by a nonsensitized host is possible upon treatment with diethylcarbamazine.
The interaction of plant alkaloids with DNA. II. Berberinium chloride (1977)

The interaction of berberinium chloride with DNA has been investigated using spectrophotometry, viscometric titrations with sonicated and closed circular superhelical DNA, and flow polarized fluorescence. The binding results for berberinium were found to fit the neighbor exclusion model. The two viscometric titrations and flow polarized fluorescence results also indicated that berberinium binds to DNA by intercalation. Titration of sonicated DNA with berberinium produced viscosity increases which were less than those obtained with quinacrine and the titration of superhelical DNA indicated a significantly smaller unwinding angle for intercalation of berberinium than for quinacrine. These results can be interpreted in terms of a model in which (i) berberinium is partially intercalated into the double helix, or (ii) the alkaloid is more completely intercalated into the double helix, but causes bending of the helix due to the slight nonplanarity of the berberinium ring system, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii).
TCR repertoire profiling revealed antigen-driven CD8+ T cell clonal groups shared in synovial fluid of patients with spondyloarthritis (2022)

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) comprises a number of inflammatory rheumatic diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. Strong association with several HLA-I alleles and T cell infiltration into an inflamed joint suggest involvement of T cells in SpA pathogenesis. In this study, we performed high-throughput T cell repertoire profiling of synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) samples collected from a large cohort of SpA patients. We showed that synovial fluid is enriched with expanded T cell clones that are shared between patients with similar HLA genotypes and persist during recurrent synovitis. Using an algorithm for identification of TCRs involved in immune response we discovered several antigen-driven CD8+ clonal groups associated with risk HLA-B*27 or HLA-B*38 alleles. We further show that these clonal groups were enriched in SF and had higher frequency in PB of SpA patients vs healthy donors, implying their relevance to SpA pathogenesis. Several of the groups were shared among patients with different SpAs that suggests a common immunopathological mechanism of the diseases. In summary, our results provide evidence for the role of specific CD8+ T cell clones in pathogenesis of SpA.
Clinical Performances of Ingrowth Surfaces (1992)

Since the relatively recent introduction of porous-coated implants for joint replacement applications, considerable experience has been gained concerning the efficacy of these devices. In general, the short- and intermediate-term clinical results have been satisfactory. Based on the authors' experience with retrieved components, bone ingrowth is a consistent finding in well-fixed implants, particularly in areas of rigid fixation and intimate apposition. However, a number of issues have emerged that may jeopardize the long-term success of porous-coated devices. These include femoral component subsidence, porous-surface delamination, endosteal bone loss, and proximal femoral atrophy. Improvements in design, manufacturing processes, and surgical technique can be expected to address some of the current limitations in these implant systems.
Probing the Structure–Relaxivity Relationship of Bis-hydrated Gd(DOTAla) Derivatives (2015)

Two structural isomers of the heptadentate chelator DO3Ala were synthesized, with carboxymethyl groups at either the 1,4- or 1,7-positions of the cyclen macrocycle. To interrogate the relaxivity under different rotatational dynamics regimes, the pendant primary amine was coupled to ibuprofen to enable binding to serum albumin. These chelators 6a and 6b form bis(aqua) ternary complexes with Gd(III) or Tb(III) as estimated from relaxivity measurements or luminescence lifetime measurements in water. The relaxivity of [Gd(6a)(H2O)2] and [Gd(6b)(H2O)2] was measured in the presence and absence of coordinating anions prevalent in vivo such as phosphate, lactate, and bicarbonate and compared with data attained for the q = 2 complex [Gd(DO3A)(H2O)2]. We found that relaxivity was reduced through formation of ternary complexes with lactate and bicarbonate, albeit to a lesser degree then the relaxivity of Gd(DO3A). In the presence of 100-fold excess phosphate, relaxivity was slightly increased and typical for q = 2 complexes of this size (8.3 mM(-1) s(-1) and 9.5 mM(-1) s(-1), respectively, at 37 °C, 60 MHz). Relaxivity for the complexes in the presence of HSA corresponded well to relaxivity obtained for complexes with reduced access for inner-sphere water (13.5 and 12.7 mM(-1) s(-1) at 37 °C, 60 MHz). Mean water residency time at 37 °C was determined using temperature-dependent (17)O-T2 measurements at 11.7 T and calculated to be (310)τM = 23 ± 1 ns for both structural isomers. Kinetic inertness under forcing conditions (pH 3, competing DTPA ligand) was found to be comparable to [Gd(DO3A)(H2O)]. Overall, we found that the replacement of one of the acetate arms of DO3A with an amino-propionate arm does not significantly alter the relaxometric and kinetic inertness properties of the corresponding Gd complexes; however, it does provide access to easily functionalizable q = 2 derivatives.
Comparative Outcomes Following CP-R, CVP-R and CHOP-R in Patients with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia. (2008)

Abstract Since the adoption of rituximab as a mainstay of therapy in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, there has been growing debate on the importance of adriamycin and vincristine as treatment components used in the therapy of indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, including Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM). We therefore examined the outcome of symptomatic WM patients who required therapy based on consensus guidelines and received treatment at our Institution with CP-R (n=20), CVP-R (n=17), or CHOP-R (n=23). Baseline characteristics for all 3 cohorts were as follows: Median Age Median Prior Therapies Bone Marrow Involvement sIgM (mg/dL) Hct PLT B2M CP-R 65 (range 42–74) 0 (range 0–2) 45% (range 5–95%) 2620 (range 551–6750) 33.4 270 2.3 CVP-R 60 (range 32–81) 1 (range 0–2) 50% (range 20–90%) 2220 (range 185–8430) 30.0 169 3.3 CHOP-R 54 (range 42–72) 0 (range 0–2) 50% (range 5–90%) 5150 (range 241–12400) 31.0 239 3.6 Responses to therapy, including median decrease in serum IgM and best response for IgM, Hct, and PLT counts were as follows: ORR(CR+PR+MR) ≥PR CR/nCR % decrease sIgM Post-sIgM Post-Hct Post-PLT p=N.S. for all treatment cohorts. CP-R 90% 80% 0% −54% 1150 38.0 300 CVP-R 88% 71% 12% −67% 790 36.1 219 CHOP-R 83% 70% 17% −63% 794 38.3 230 Adverse events attributed to therapy, including rituximab related IgM flare were as follows: Neutropenic fever Hospitalizations Treatment related neuropathy IgM flare IgM flare requiring plasmapheresis P=N.S. except as follows: (a) p=0.02; (b) p=0.00006; (c) p=.0.004 versus CPR. CP-R 0% 0% 0% 25% 10% CVP-R 18% 12% 59%b 29% 11% CHOP-R 26%a 17% 35%c 23% 17% The results of this study demonstrate comparable response characteristics among WM patients treated with CP-R, CVP-R, or CHOP-R though a trend for attainment of more CR/nCR was observed among those patients receiving CVP-R and CHOP-R. Importantly, significantly more toxicity was observed, particularly neutropenic fever and treatment related neuropathy among patients treated with CVP-R and CHOP-R versus CP-R. The results of this study suggest that in WM, the use of CPR may provide analogous treatment responses to more intense cyclophosphamide based regimens, while minimizing treatment related complications.
Rate-Equation Model of Light-Induced Heating in LiNbO3-type Crystals under High-Average-Power Laser Irradiation (2015)

Light-induced heating under high-average-power laser is investigated in LiNbO3-type crystals in green second-harmonic generation. The accumulation effect of polarons causes catastrophic breakdown of crystals. A rate-equation model is proposed to evaluate the threshold intensity.
The WebSocket Protocol as a Transport for the Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) (2021)

The WebSocket protocol enables two-way realtime communication between
clients and servers. This document specifies the use of Binary Floor
Control Protocol(BFCP) as a new WebSocket sub-protocol enabling a
reliable transport mechanism between BFCP entities in new scenarios.
Communications High-Order Language Investigation. Volume II. (1977)

This report contains data and conclusions that were used in selecting JOVIAL J73I as a base language for modifications that would result in a language suitable for programming communications applications. Volume I of this report contains a description of the process used to develop hypotheses on what features are required of a language suitable for programming communications applications. Volume II of this report contains an extensive features list showing the presence or absence of specific features from each of the 5 languages evaluated -- CS4, JOVIAL (both J3 and J73), PASCAL and PL/I.
Shaping Polaritons to Reshape Selection Rules (2017)

The discovery of orbital angular\nmomentum (OAM) in light established\na new degree of freedom by which to control not only its flow but\nalso its interaction with matter. Here, we show that by shaping extremely\nsubwavelength polariton modes, for example by imbuing plasmon and\nphonon polaritons with OAM, we engineer which transitions are allowed\nor forbidden in electronic systems such as atoms, molecules, and artificial\natoms. Crucial to the feasibility of these engineered selection rules\nis the access to conventionally forbidden transitions afforded by\nsubwavelength polaritons. We also find that the position of the absorbing\natom provides a surprisingly rich parameter for controlling which\nabsorption processes dominate over others. Additional tunability can\nbe achieved by altering the polaritonic properties of the substrate,\nfor example by tuning the carrier density in graphene, potentially\nenabling electronic control over selection rules. Our findings are\nbest suited to OAM-carrying polaritonic modes that can be created\nin graphene, monolayer conductors, thin metallic films, and thin films\nof polar dielectrics such as boron nitride. By building on these findings\nwe foresee the complete engineering of spectroscopic selection rules\nthrough the many degrees of freedom in the shape of optical fields.
Experimental Demonstration of OFDMA-PON Uplink-Transmission with Four Individual ONUs (2013)

We demonstrate the first OFDMA uplink transmission with four individually modulated ONUs with central distribution of the optical carrier and coherent reception at the OLT, showing that OFDMA-PON is viable.
Bidirectional optical fiber transmission systems using Raman amplification (1988)

Bidirectional optical fiber transmission systems using Raman amplification are discussed. Analytical expressions for signals amplified by both forward and backward Raman scattering are presented. It is found that there exists an optimal pump power for the maximum unrepeated transmission length in a bidirectional system and that the maximum length is about 450 km, which is about the same as that of the unidirectional system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>