gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Etude de la degradation des structures mos soumises a une injection de type tunnel fowler-nordheim d'electrons (1989)

Dans ce travail nous pensons avoir montre l'interet de la methode dlts et de certaines de ces variantes (er. Dlts, cinetiques de remplissage,. . . ) pour l'etude de la degradation des structures mos par l'injection de type tunnel fowler-nordheim d'electrons. Cette methode dlts, associee a des methodes plus anciennes, mais encore performantes, nous a permis de mieux cerner le probleme du vieillissement; en particulier nous avons montre que: la presence d'acide chlorhydrique (dans l'atmosphere d'oxydation) influence les taux de creation des defauts a l'interface sio#2-si et dans la couche de sio#2 avant et pendant la degradation; le mecanisme physique de la degradation de nos echantillons peut etre explique par un phenomene d'ionisation par impact; l'etude des etats d'interface rapides et plus precisement de leur section efficace de capture nous permet de penser que la degradation induit des defauts de nature differente de celle des defauts intrinseques. Ces defauts crees pourraient etre de type donneur; le vieillissement des dispositifs mos est du a l'augmentation simultanee de la section efficace de capture et de la densite des etats d'interface
Immunomodulatory activities of cationic host defence peptides and novel therapeutic strategies. (2017)

Cationic host defence peptides (HDPs), or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are seemingly ubiquitous and thousands have been discovered. Once regarded as only direct antimicrobials, their additional functions as immunomodulators in host defence have been emerging over the past two decades, with roles in the control of microbial infections and inflammation, in wound healing and angiogenesis, as anticancer agents and in many other functions. In this chapter, we discuss the classes of HDPs and their roles in immunity and host defence, then examine the applications of HDPs in recent clinical trials and their potential in treating human diseases and medical conditions. Host defence peptides (HDPs) are small (10-50 amino acids in length), amphipathic and generally have an abundance of hydrophobic residues (Jenssen et al., 2006). While anionic HDPs exist, most are cationic, with a net +2 to +9 charge, and thus the focus of this chapter will be on cationic HDPs from humans (Jenssen et al., 2006). Traditionally, many of the peptides now called HDPs were studied only for their direct antimicrobial properties and were thus called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, while many of the AMPs were bactericidal in traditional laboratory media, when they were studied in conditions representative of those found in vivo, such as at higher salt concentrations, the bactericidal effects were severely dampened or completely antagonized (Turner et al., 1998; Jenssen et al., 2006). Other studies emerged showing that the AMPs cause a variety of changes in the immune system to combat not only infections but also to increase wound healing, angiogenesis, cell recruitment and other functions, and that these occur under physiological conditions such as those found in tissue culture or in vivo (Hilchie et al., 2013). Thus, the term 'host defence peptides' (HDPs) was coined to reflect that most of these peptides contribute to immunity in ways other than direct antimicrobial killing. Using this definition of HDP also means that other host-derived cationic peptides, such as cationic neuropeptides and peptide hormones, can also be classified as HDPs. However, the term AMP is still used when discussing the direct antimicrobial activities of peptides. In this chapter, we review classes of cationic HDPs and their activities, discuss their potential clinical applications and then consider the peptides currently being examined in clinical trials.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of ZnO(0001) thin films on GaN(0001) templates and ZnO(0001) substrates (2008)

Abstract We investigated the properties of ZnO layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on GaN(0001) templates and ZnO(0001) bulk substrates. Steps and hexagonal pits were observed on the surfaces of the ZnO/GaN films as revealed by atomic force microscopy. The root‐mean‐square roughness was 2.6 nm over 20×20 mm 2 . The surfaces of the homoepitaxially grown ZnO films were smooth and featureless with a rootmean‐square roughnesses of 0.12 nm over 6×6 mm 2 . Full width at half maximums of ω‐scans for the on‐axis (0002) and the off‐axis (20 $ \bar 2 $ 1) reflections were 0.091° and 0.159°, respectively. The corresponding values for the ZnO/ZnO films were 0.025° and 0.035°, respectively. Reciprocal space maps for the (10 $ \bar 1 $ 5) reflection revealed that the ZnO films grown on GaN were fully relaxed and that the peaks of the homoepitaxially grown ZnO layers were indistinguishable from the ZnO substrate peaks. Ga‐doped ZnO layers were grown at 300 °C on (In,Ga)N light emitting diodes as transparent electrodes and for wafer bonding to ZnO substrates in order to enhance the light extraction. The forward voltage was 4.5 V at 20 mA. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interaction of glutathione analogues with Hydra attenuata γ-glutamyltransferase (1978)

gamma-Glutamyltransferase activity was studied in extracts of the cnidarian Hydra attenuata. The binding of gamma-glutamyl peptide analogues to the enzyme was studied by observing their effects on heat denaturation and their inhibition of p-nitroaniline release from gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide. Neither position-1 analogues, in which the gamma-glutamyl moiety was changed to a beta-aspartyl (beta-Asp-Abu-Gly) or an alpha-glutamyl (Glu-Abu-Gly) linkage, nor glutamate protected the enzyme against inactivation at 58 degrees C. GSH (reduced glutathione), gamma-Glu-Abu-Gly and gamma-Glu-Met on the other hand did prevent heat denaturation. GSH and analogues of GSH were competitive inhibitors of p-nitroaniline release, but those analogues in which glycine was replaced by 2-aminoisobutyrate, phenylalanine, leucine or tyrosine had Ki values that were approximately five times those of analogues with the cysteine residue replaced.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally restricted adenine bicycloribonucleosides (2015)

We prepared a novel series of conformationally restricted bicyclonucleosides and nucleotides. The synthetic approach employed a ring closing metathesis to provide access to both 6 and 7 membered saturated and unsaturated rings linking the 3' to 5' methylene groups of the sugar. The bicyclonucleosides were also transformed to the corresponding phosphoramidate prodrugs by an innovative one-pot protocol of boronate ester protection, coupling of the phosphoryl chloridate and deprotection of the boronate. A similar strategy was also employed for the synthesis of the corresponding monophosphates as crucial intermediates for the synthesis of selected triphosphates. The biological properties of the nucleosides and monophosphate prodrugs were assessed for antiviral and cytostatic activities in cell based assays whilst the triphosphates were evaluated in enzymatic assays. The lack of significant effects suggests that the linkage of the 3' to 5'via a ring system and the subsequent conformational restriction of the ribose ring to the South conformation are incompatible with the kinases and polymerases that recognize nucleosides and their metabolites.
Maximizing content across scales: Moving multimodal microscopy and mesoscopy toward molecular imaging (2021)

Molecular imaging aims to depict the molecules in living patients. However, because this aim is still far beyond reach, patchworks of different solutions need to be used to tackle this overarching goal. From the vast toolbox of imaging techniques, we focus on those recent advances in optical microscopy that image molecules and cells at the submicron to centimeter scale. Mesoscopic imaging covers the "imaging gap" between techniques such as confocal microscopy and magnetic resonance imagingthat image entire live samples but with limited resolution. Microscopy focuses on the cellular level; mesoscopy visualizes the organization of molecules and cells into tissues and organs. The correlation between these techniques allows us to combine disciplines ranging from whole body imaging to basic research of model systems. We review current developments focused on improving microscopic and mesoscopic imaging technologies and on hardware and software that push the current sensitivity and resolution boundaries.
61 THE EFFECTS OF BEDREST ON THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE MEASURES OF THE QUADRICEPS AND HAMSTRINGS (1990)

Kear, K. T.; Hayes, J. C.; Mazzocca, A. D.; Roper, M. L.; Barrows, L. H.; Harris, B. A.; Siconolti, S. F. FACSM Author Information
Near-field coupled antennas for use in Inductive Power Transfer Communication Systems (2008)

This paper presents the design, implementation and performance of a high bandwidth communications channel for both new and existing inductive (contact-less) power transfer (IPT) applications, wherein power is transferred in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 50 kHz. Two novel near field capacitive or inductive antennas are introduced that are specifically designed to operate in close proximity to a communications track and to inject and receive data signals at a data rate of 10 Mbps or higher with an appropriate modem. The channel operates in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 600 MHz and therefore is unaffected by the IPT power frequencies and any associated switching harmonics, enabling all of the advantageous characteristics of IPT systems to be maintained. The ability of the antennas to function reliably when subjected to horizontal and vertical displacements has been proven by extensive measurements. Magnetic coupling theory can be applied to determine both the power transfer and the insertion loss of the antennas to the communications track. These calculations have been verified by both practical measurements and simulations of the channel using an FEM magnetic modelling package. For an inductive antenna and 300 ohm ribbon cable communications track a theoretical insertion loss of 29.6 dB was calculated which compares favourably with a measured loss of 32 dB and a simulated loss of 29.4 dB. The communications system was implemented on an industrial mono-rail system and a high bandwidth channel was successfully achieved.
The Epigenetic promise for prostate cancer diagnosis (2011)

GSTP1 methylation detection can serve an important role in prostate cancer managment. The meta-analysis clearly confirmed a link between tissue DNA hypermethylation of this and other genes and prostate cancer. Detection of DNA methylation in genes, including GSTP1, could serve an important role in clinical practice.
Differential secretion of interleukin-8 by human epithelial cell lines upon entry of virulent or nonvirulent Yersinia enterocolitica (1996)

Epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa are among the first cells encountered by invasive pathogens. Bacterial invasion of the mucosa gives rise to an inflammatory response, characterized by the influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The chemotactic stimulus responsible for this accumulation is unknown, but several in vitro studies have demonstrated that epithelial cells secrete the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent chemoattractant of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, upon bacterial entry. In this study we analyzed the secretion of IL-8 by human intestinal (T84) and cervical (HeLa) epithelial cell lines in response to infection with the enteric pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. IL-8 was secreted by T84 and HeLa cells in response to invasion by Y. enterocolitica. Virulent Y. enterocolitica induced a significantly lower level of IL-8 secretion than nonvirulent Y. enterocolitica. Subsequent analysis employing a mutant defective in Yop secretion and various yop mutants showed that the reduced secretion of IL-8 is due to the presence of Yop proteins. Our data suggest that YopB and YopD are required for the suppressive effect.
Monodisperse Poly(triacetylene) Oligomers Extending from Monomer to Hexadecamer: Joint Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Physical Properties (2000)

A series of monodisperse Et3-Si-end-capped poly(triacetylene) (PTA) oligomers ranging from monomer to hexadecamer was prepared by a fast and efficient statistical deprotection-oxidative Hay oligomerization protocol. The PTA oligomers exhibit an increasingly deep-yellow color with lengthening of the pi-conjugated backbone, feature excellent solubility in aprotic solvents, and exhibit melting points up to > 22 degrees C for the hexadecameric rod. This new dramatically extended oligo(enediyne) series now enables to investigate the evolution of the physico-chemical effects in PTAs beyond the linear 1/n versus property regime into the higher oligomer region where saturation becomes apparent. We report the results of joint experimental and theoretical studies, including analysis of the 13C NMR spectra, evaluation of the linear (UV/ Vis) and nonlinear [third-harmonic generation (THG) and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM)] optical properties, and characterization of the redox properties with cyclic and steady-state voltammetry. Up to the hexadecameric rod, an increasingly facile one-electron reduction step is observed, showing at the stage of the dodecamer, a leveling off tendency from the linear correlation between the inverse number of monomer units and the first reduction potential. The effective conjugation length (ECL) determined by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed a pi-electron-delocalization length of about n = 10 monomeric units, which corroborates well with the oligomeric length for which in the 13C NMR spectrum C(sp2) and C(sp) resonances start to overlap. Third-harmonic generation (THG) and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) measurements revealed for the second-order hyperpolarizability gamma a power law increase gammma-alpha-n(a) for oligomers up to the octamer with exponential factors a= 2.46+/-0.10 and a=2.64+/-0.20, respectively, followed by a smooth saturation around n = 10 repeating units. The power law coefficient a calculated with the help of the valence effective Hamiltonian (VEH) method combined to a sum-over-states (SOS) formalism corroborates well with the values found by both THG and DFWM experiments. Up to the PTA heptamer, INDO (intermediate neglect of differential overlap)-calculated gas-phase ionization potentials and electron affinities obey a linear relationship as a function of the inverse number of monomer units displaying a strong electron-hole symmetry. The onset of saturation for the electron affinity is calculated to occur around the octamer, in accordance with experimentally obtained results from electrochemical measurements.
WiMAX for smart grid last-mile communications: TOS traffic mapping and performance assessment (2012)

This paper addresses specific smart grid communication requirements. It considers a last-mile network based on an IEEE 802.16 cell deployed to cover a group of customers and serve their Energy Services Interfaces. Based on the communication requirements of smart grid last-mile applications and entities, we propose a traffic priority model and setup for the WiMAX air interface. Finally, we evaluate the proposal using a discrete-event simulator.
A Simple and Sensitive Plant-Based Western Corn Rootworm Bioassay Method for Resistance Determination and Event Selection (2018)

We report here a simple and sensitive plant-based western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), bioassay method that allows for examination of multiple parameters for both plants and insects in a single experimental setup within a short duration. For plants, injury to roots can be visually examined, fresh root weight can be measured, and expression of trait protein in plant roots can be analyzed. For insects, in addition to survival, larval growth and development can be evaluated in several aspects including body weight gain, body length, and head capsule width. We demonstrated using the method that eCry3.1Ab-expressing 5307 corn was very effective against western corn rootworm by eliciting high mortality and significantly inhibiting larval growth and development. We also validated that the method allowed determination of resistance in an eCry3.1Ab-resistant western corn rootworm strain. While data presented in this paper demonstrate the usefulness of the method for selection of events of protein traits and for determination of resistance in laboratory populations, we envision that the method can be applied in much broader applications.
Theory and Technology for Standard WiMAX Over Fiber in High Speed Train Systems (2010)

In this investigation, we propose and investigate the standard WiMAX access in high speed railway (HSR) using radio over fiber (RoF) link. We also discuss the theory of mobile WiMAX at a target speed of 300 km/hr in simulation. We also analyze the effect of the Doppler frequency shift over HSR. The effective transmission fiber length in the WiMAX-RoF system was limited due to the time-division-duplex (TDD) protocol in the practical WiMAX. Thus, we also demonstrate the transmission limitation and performance of the standard WiMAX access in RoF link. The performances of throughput and packet loss at different fiber lengths are also investigated and discussed. Furthermore, a WiMAX-RoF field trial is also demonstrated based on a simple two RAUs RoF architecture. It was tested and measured in the SongShan tunnel of the Taiwan high speed railway (THSR).
<title>Construction, Display, And Manipulation Of Three-Dimensional Models Of Biopolymers</title> (1983)

Since the mid 1930&apos;s crystallographers have studied the structures of the important biological polymers: proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. The first 3D structure, myoglobin, was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) in 1957. Today we know the structure of over 200 proteins and the list is growing rapidly. Molecular biologists&apos; efforts in obtaining and crystallising proteins have been much more fruitful than their efforts on nucleic acids, mostly because proteins are much more plentiful. There are currently less than twenty single-crystal DNA structures known and a similar number of RNA structures.
Enhanced coronary vasa vasorum neovascularization in experimental hypercholesterolemia. (1998)

Coronary arteries contain a network of vasa vasorum in the adventitia. The three-dimensional anatomy of the vasa vasorum in early coronary atherosclerosis is unknown. This study was designed to visualize and quantitate the three-dimensional spatial pattern of vasa vasorum in normal and experimental hypercholesterolemic porcine coronary arteries, using a novel computed tomography technique. Animals were killed after being fed either a high cholesterol diet (n = 4) or a control diet (n = 4) for 12 wk. The proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was removed from the heart, scanned, and reconstructed, and quantitation of vasa vasorum density was performed. Two different types of vasa vasorum were defined: first-order vasa vasorum ran longitudinally parallel to the vessel and second-order originated from first-order vasa circumferentially around the vessel wall. Compared with controls in hypercholesterolemic coronary arteries, there was a significant increase in the area of the vessel wall (3.86+/-0.22 vs. 8.07+/-0.45 mm2, respectively, P < 0.01) and in the density of vasa vasorum (1. 84+/-0.05/mm2 vs. 4.73+/-0.24/mm2; respectively, P = 0.0001). This occurred especially by an increase of second-order vasa vasorum and disorientation of normal vasa vasorum spatial pattern. This study suggests that adventitial neovascularization of vasa vasorum occurs in experimental hypercholesterolemic coronary arteries and may be a part of the early atherosclerotic remodeling process.
Direct MRI Detection of Impending Plaque Development in MS (S44.002) (2014)

OBJECTIVE. To detect and localize MRI signal changes prior to contrast enhancement. BACKGROUND. A few longitudinal studies, using group-level statistics on conventional and non-conventional MRI data, have described abnormalities that precede gadolinium (Gad)-enhancement in acute multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, the pathological origin of these changes and their localization relative to features of the developing lesion (including its central vein) are not completely understood. METHODS. We retrospectively evaluated 286 scans in 28 MS patients selected from our database for the presence of enhancing lesions and the availability of at least one 3T or 7T scan before lesion enhancement. Pre-enhancement features were detected on high-resolution (≤1mm3 voxels) T2-FLAIR, T1-MPRAGE, and T2* (when available), and were classified according their temporal relationship with Gad-enhancement. RESULTS. In 25/178 enhancing lesions (14%), pre-enhancement changes were noted. Up to two months before focal Gad-enhancement within the parenchyma, linear enhancement of the central vein and/or fluffy, hyperintense signal on T2-FLAIR or T2* around the central vein, not present in previous scans, were discerned in 12/104 lesions (12%) with a previous scan acquired within two months. In the other 13 lesions, longstanding small nodules (hyperintense on T2-FLAIR and occasionally hypointense on T1-MPRAGE), with a cylindrical configuration on T2* (available in 6 cases), were seen to be centered on the central vein months to years before enhancement. CONCLUSION. In some lesions, the abrupt opening of the blood-brain barrier, detected by Gad-enhancement on MRI, can have directly visible antecedent MRI changes centered on the central vein. We propose that these findings are the basis for prior reports of pre-lesional changes in quantitative MRI indices. Furthermore, prospective detection of the short-term (<2 months) changes may open the possibility of testing whether prophylactic treatment can prevent subsequent lesion formation and ensuing disability accumulation and brain atrophy.
PLIF Measurements of Fuel Distribution in a PFI Engine Under Cold Start Conditions (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper summarizes the first phase of an experimental effort focused on developing a comprehensive understanding of the in-cylinder air/fuel mixing and combustion processes in spark-ignition engines using laser-based fuel distribution and combustion measurements. As part of this first phase, a semi-quantitative, laser-induced fluorescence, fuel distribution measurement technique was developed and demonstrated. The calibration, correction, and image analysis processes associated with the technique were shown to be comparatively simple and effective (relative to other analytical and empirical methods). The error associated with the technique was shown to be 5 - 10 % under vapor phase conditions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This work was applied to a port fuel injected optical engine, which was designed for optical access through the piston and cylinder liner under firing conditions. The engine was operated under Coordinated Strategy for Starting with Reduced Emissions (CSSRE) operating conditions and characterized using the laser-induced fluorescence technique, as well as cylinder pressure analysis. Various ignition timings, Charge Motion Control Device (CMCD) positions, and fuel preparations were examined. Significant differences in fuel distributions were observed during the intake stroke for the various operating conditions, including differences in fuel droplet and vapor distribution. However, by the end of the compression stroke, it was difficult to discern between the fuel distributions for the various operating conditions, suggesting that all achieved approximately the same level of homogeneity. These results were supported by the cylinder pressure analysis which illustrated that the standard deviation in NMEP was explained completely by the effect of combustion phasing.&lt;/div&gt;