gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conductivity of Graphene–Polymer Composite Foams: A Computational Study (2019)

We use a combination of the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and finite difference method calculations to study electromechanical coupling in composite polymer/graphene foams. In these foams, graphene sheets (G-sheets) cover the surface of the foam cells resulting in a percolating network of graphene sheets. Our simulations have shown that upon uniaxial deformation or under foam swelling conditions, the percolating network of the G-sheets breaks down. This breakdown is manifested as an increase of the foamʼs electrical resistance. The disruption of the graphene networks occurs through crack formation of the G-shells covering the surfaces of the polymeric foam cells. These cracks are responsible for the hysteresis in electromechanical foam properties observed during loading–unloading cycles. In particular, for uniaxial foam deformations, it requires the application of a compressive stress for the foam to retain its initial dimensions. Comparison between uniaxial and swelling foam deformations shows that there is a stronger variation in the foam resistance under uniaxial deformation conditions.
Mixture of Informed Experts for Multilingual Speech Recognition (2021)

When trained on related or low-resource languages, multilingual speech recognition models often outperform their monolingual counterparts. However, these models can suffer from loss in performance for high resource or unrelated languages. We investigate the use of a mixture-of-experts approach to assign per-language parameters in the model to increase network capacity in a structured fashion. We introduce a novel variant of this approach, ‘informed experts’, which attempts to tackle inter-task conflicts by eliminating gradients from other tasks in these task-specific parameters. We conduct experiments on a real-world task with English, French and four dialects of Arabic to show the effectiveness of our approach. Our model matches or outperforms the monolingual models for almost all languages, with gains of as much as 31% relative. Our model also outperforms the baseline multilingual model for all languages by up to 9% relative.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Antitumor Activity of the Glutaminase Inhibitor CB-839 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 125K, Supplementary Figure S4. Markers of glutamine utilization are increased in TNBC cell lines relative to receptor-positive cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Clonage navette conjugatif chez les bacteries lactiques (1988)

DNA supercoiling acts as a global transcriptional regulator in bacteria, but the promoter sequence or structural determinants controlling its effect remain unclear. It was previously proposed to modulate the torsional angle between the -10 and -35 hexamers, and thereby regulate the formation of the closed-complex depending on the length of the 'spacer' between them. Here, we develop a thermodynamic model of this notion based on DNA elasticity, providing quantitative and parameter-free predictions of the relative activation of promoters containing a short versus long spacer when the DNA supercoiling level is varied. The model is tested through an analysis of in vitro and in vivo expression assays of mutant promoters with variable spacer lengths, confirming its accuracy for spacers ranging from 15 to 19 nucleotides, except those of 16 nucleotides where other regulatory mechanisms likely overcome the effect of this specific step. An analysis at the whole-genome scale in Escherichia coli then demonstrates a significant effect of the spacer length on the genomic expression after transient or inheritable superhelical variations, validating the model's predictions. Altogether, this study shows an example of mechanical constraints associated to promoter binding by RNA Polymerase underpinning a basal and global regulatory mechanism.
Scattering by a red blood cell: the importance of particle shape and orientation (2001)

Red blood cells, which normally present themselves as biconcave discs, have traditionally been modeled as spherical scatterers of equivalent volume. The simplicity and symmetry of the spherical model does not however account for the effect of the angle of incidence of the incident field onto the red blood cell. Intuition tends to suggest that the field scattered by an asymmetric particle would differ if the particle were impinged upon broad-side or thin-side, an effect that is likely to become important if a collection of scatterers are aligned in any particular plane. Our objective is to compare the scattering by a red blood cell of given volume modeled as a sphere, to the result obtained by approximating its shape as a disc of varying aspect ratio. Results strongly suggest that the spherical model provides a good description for frequencies up to 20 MHz, beyond which particle shape becomes important. Although this effect could go undetected if the scattered field is only measured at angles of 180° (backscattering) and 90° relative to the direction of the incident field, the importance of particle shape and orientation might nevertheless form the base of a novel detection technique.
P26.09: Image quality of the coronal plane of the uterus by 3D ultrasound: comparison of four techniques based on the opinion of several experts (2017)

To compare the preference regarding image quality provided by four different 3D ultrasound techniques when assessing the coronal plane of the uterus. We included 100 women evaluated between Jun-2016 and Jul-2016 with suspected uterine anomaly, using a single 3D data-set of each uterus. Two observers no involved with data acquisition, each one with 3-year experience with 3D-ultrasound, prepared the images using four different ultrasound techniques after training: standard coronal view using multiplanar mode (MP), a rendered view of the coronal plane (volume contrast imaging, VCI), a curved rendered mode (OmniView), and a curved rendered mode using HDlive. The four images for each uterus were combined in a single image, and the 100 combined images (one for each uterus) were anonymised and submitted to 15 experts (5 clinicians, 5 surgeons and 5 sonologists). These experts were asked to judge the image quality of each imaging technique using an 11-point numeric scale (0-10), providing only one vote for each imaging technique. Results were summarised as median and interquartile range (IQR), and comparison across groups performed with Friedman test. Considering the opinion of all fifteen experts, only MP was considered as providing significantly worse imaging quality: MP=7(6-9), VCI=8(8-10), Omniview=8(8-9), and HDlive=9(8-10); p=0.002. Considering only the five clinicians the results were: MP=7(5-9.5), VCI=8(7.5-9.5), Omniview=8(7.5-9.5), and HDlive=8(8-9.5; p=0.39). Considering only the five surgeons, the results were: MP=7(5-9.5), VCI=8(7.5-9.5), Omniview=8(7.5-9.5), and HDlive=8(8-9.5). Considering only the five sonologists, the results were: MP=7(6-8.5), VCI=8(7.5-10), Omniview=9(8.5-9.5), and HDlive=10(9-10). Experts showed a preference for rendered imaging techniques when assessing the coronal plane of the uterus.
FEM Simulations and Experiments of Different Loading Conditions for a 12 kW Direct Driven PM Synchronous Generator for Wind Power (2009)

Results from experiments on a direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator are presented. Dynamic simulations have been performed using the finite element method in order to study the generator. The simulations are performed by using an electromagnetic model, which is described by a combined field and circuit equation model and is solved in a finite element environment. The stator winding of the generator consists of circular cables and the rotor has surface-mounted, arched, permanent magnets. A complete experimental setup has been used consisting of a motor, a frequency converter, a gearbox and electrical loads. The generator is connected to a purely resistive load. Measurements have been performed for different rotational speeds and different loads. Furthermore, the generator has been studied for the realistic wind turbine loading conditions for operation at the optimum tip speed ratio. The variable speed operation in a wind turbine is evaluated and discussed. The agreement between experimental results and simulations based on finite element calculations is high, indicating precise simulations. The measurement errors are calculated and discussed. Furthermore, other sources of error are suggested and discussed that could explain the differences between the simulations and the measured data.
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy identifies three classes of lipids in C. neoformans melanized cell walls and whole fungal cells (2020)

Abstract A primary virulence-associated trait of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is the production of melanin pigments that are deposited into the cell wall and interfere with the host immune response. Previously, our solid-state NMR studies of isolated melanized cell walls (melanin ‘ghosts’) revealed that the pigments are strongly associated with lipids, but their identities, origins, and potential roles were undetermined. Herein, we exploited spectral editing techniques to identify and quantify the lipid molecules associated with pigments in melanin ghosts. The lipid profiles were remarkably similar in whole C. neoformans cells, grown under either melanizing or non-melanizing conditions; triglycerides (TGs), sterol esters (SEs) and polyisoprenoids (PPs) were the major constituents. Although no quantitative differences were found between melanized and non-melanized cells, melanin ghosts were relatively enriched in SEs and PPs. In contrast to lipid structures reported during early stages of fungal growth in nutrient-rich media, variants found herein could be linked to nutrient stress, cell aging, and subsequent production of substances that promote chronic fungal infections. The fact that TGs and SEs are the typical cargo of lipid droplets suggests that these organelles could be connected to C. neoformans melanin synthesis. Moreover, the discovery of PPs is intriguing because dolichol is a well-established constituent of human neuromelanin. The presence of these lipid species even in non-melanized cells suggests that they could be produced constitutively under stress conditions in anticipation of melanin synthesis. These findings demonstrate that C. neoformans lipids are more varied compositionally and functionally than previously recognized.
Temporal dynamics of base excision/single-strand break repair protein complex assembly/disassembly are modulated by the PARP/NAD+/SIRT6 axis (2021)

Assembly and disassembly of DNA repair protein complexes at DNA damage sites are essential for maintaining genomic integrity. Investigating factors coordinating assembly of the base excision repair (BER) proteins DNA polymerase β (Polβ) and XRCC1 to DNA lesion sites identifies a role for Polβ in regulating XRCC1 disassembly from DNA repair complexes and, conversely, demonstrates Polβ's dependence on XRCC1 for complex assembly. LivePAR, a genetically encoded probe for live-cell imaging of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), reveals that Polβ and XRCC1 require PAR for repair-complex assembly, with PARP1 and PARP2 playing unique roles in complex dynamics. Further, BER complex assembly is modulated by attenuation/augmentation of NAD<sup>+</sup> biosynthesis. Finally, SIRT6 does not modulate PARP1 or PARP2 activation but does regulate XRCC1 recruitment, leading to diminished Polβ abundance at sites of DNA damage. These findings highlight coordinated yet independent roles for PARP1, PARP2, and SIRT6 and their regulation by NAD<sup>+</sup> bioavailability to facilitate BER.
Differential Protein Quantitation in Mouse Neuronal Cell Lines using Amine-Reactive Isobaric Tagging Reagents with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2010)

The high-throughput identification and accurate quantification of proteins are essential strategies for exploring cellularfunctions and processes in quantitative proteomics. Stable isotope tagging is a key technique in quantitative proteomicresearch, accompanied by automated tandem mass spectrometry. For the differential proteome analysis of mouse neuronal celllines, we used a multiplexed isobaric tagging method, in which a four-plex set of amine-reactive isobaric tags are available forpeptide derivatization. Using the four-plex set of isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) reagents, we analyzedthe differential proteome in several stroke time pathways (0, 4, and 8 h) after the mouse neuronal cells have been stressed usinga glutamate oxidant. In order to obtain a list of the differentially expressed proteins, we selected those proteins which had apparentlychanged significantly during the stress test. With 95% of the peptides showing only a small variation in quantity before andafter the test, we obtained a list of eight up-regulated and four down-regulated proteins for the stroke time pathways. To validatethe iTRAQ approach, we studied the use of oxidant stresses for mouse neuronal cell samples that have shown differential proteome inseveral stroke time pathways (0, 4, and 8 h). Results suggest that histone H1 might be the key protein in the oxidative injurycaused by glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells.
Biomimetics for NASA Langley Research Center: Year 2000 Report of Findings From a Six-Month Survey (2002)

This report represents an attempt to see if some of the techniques biological systems use to maximize their efficiency can be applied to the problems NASA faces in aeronautics and space exploration. It includes an internal survey of resources available at NASA Langley Research Center for biomimetics research efforts, an external survey of state of the art in biomimetics covering the Materials, Structures, Aerodynamics, Guidance and Controls areas. The Biomimetics Planning team also included ideas for potential research areas, as well as recommendations on how to implement this new program. This six-month survey was conducted in the second half of 1999.
Space-time EVA blind equalization for high data rate wireless communications (2004)

At increased data rates, the wireless communication channel suffers from severe intersymbol interference (ISI) due to the multipath fading propagation environment. The ISI effects are more severe for higher order digital carrier modulated signals, such as M-ary QAM. Different channel equalization techniques using space and/or time processing have been proposed. The paper considers the application of the eigenvector approach (EVA) for blind equalization. The EVA is a blind equalization algorithm technique that is based on the higher order statistics (HOS) of the received signal. The combination of time processing with space processing through the use of multiple receiving antennas is shown to improve the system performance dramatically due to the added space diversity. Simulations show that the proposed HOS based receiving antenna array is efficient in detecting high data rate signals transmitted using high order QAM (up to 64-QAM) over multipath fading channels.
Effects of Irradiation of Blood Products in Small Aliquots for Neonatal Transfusion (2012)

In our institution, the protocol for neonatal transfusion of packed RBCs (PRBCs) involves dividing small amounts of PRBCs into aliquots, irradiating to prevent engraftment of donor white cells, and washing to remove excess potassium. While it is established that irradiation damages cell membranes and leads to lysis, studies have not been performed to establish the effect that irradiation has on small aliquots of PRBC. This study examined the effect of radiation on 35-and 100-mL aliquots of 5-day-old, type O negative PBRCs after 8-, 16-, and 24-hour intervals. The free plasma hemoglobin levels were measured using spectrophotometry. The results showed the free hemoglobin level in the 35-mL aliquot increased from 17.7 to 28.7 mg/dL for irradiated PRBCs and 28.8 mg/dL for nonirradiated PRBCs within 8 hours and was at 31.7 and 35.4 mg/dL for irradiated and nonirradiated PRBCs, respectively, at 24 hours. For the 100-mL aliquot, the free hemoglobin levels increased from 17.7 to 17.8 mg/dL for irradiated PRBCs and 17.7 mg/dL for nonirradiated RBCs at 8 hours and was 19.2 mg/dL in the irradiated PRBCs and 19.3 mg/dL in the nonirradiated PRBC at 24 hours. These results imply that irradiation of PRBCs may cause only minor damage during short-term storage. However, storing PRBCs in small aliquots may have a damaging effect on the cell membrane. This effect seems most evident when the aliquot is a very small volume and is most marked within 8 hours of being removed from the primary donor unit. Further study into this topic is warranted for facilities that process a high number of neonatal PRBC units in order to provide the optimal PRBCs to seriously ill infants.
NIVOLUMAB FOR RELAPSED/REFRACTORY CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA AFTER AUTOLOGOUS TRANSPLANT: FULL RESULTS AFTER EXTENDED FOLLOW‐UP OF THE PHASE 2 CHECKMATE 205 TRIAL (2017)

Introduction: Nivolumab (nivo), a programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, is indicated for pts with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (RR cHL) following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and brentuximab vedotin (BV). Initial results from the phase 2 CheckMate 205 trial of nivo for RR cHL after ASCT (NCT02181738) demonstrated high objective response rates (ORR), encouraging duration of response (DOR), and an acceptable safety profile (Younes A et al., Lancet Oncol 2016). Given limited treatment options post-ASCT, it is key for pts that the therapy offered has high potential for durable remissions. Here we report extended follow-up for all pts with RR cHL after failure of ASCT in CheckMate 205. Methods: CheckMate 205 enrolled adult pts with RR cHL after ASCT into 1 of 3 cohorts (A: naïve to BV; B: BV only after ASCT; C: BV before and/or after ASCT). All pts received nivo 3 mg/kg q2w until progression or unacceptable toxicity. In Cohort C, pts with complete response (CR) for 1 y were to discontinue nivo and could resume at relapse. Primary endpoint was ORR per IRC. DOR was a secondary endpoint; progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety were exploratory endpoints. Conclusions: Regardless of BV treatment history, high levels of response to nivo were seen across cohorts of pts with RR cHL after ASCT. Notably, with extended follow-up both CRs and PRs remain durable. Study support: BMS; medical writing support: M Thomas (Caudex). Keywords: classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL); monoclonal antibodies (MoAb).
101 Effect of Nitrosative Stress on Testosterone Production: A Novel Model of Secondary Hypogonadism (2018)

S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) catalyzes the metabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In GSNOR KO mice, increased levels of GSNO causes nitrosative stress. We tested the hypothesis that nitrosative stress can affect testosterone production because GSNOR KO (-/-) male mice were subfertile. We compared testosterone, LH, and FSH levels in GSNOR KO (-/-) mice to wild type (WT) adult mice (n=6 each group). We compared the effect of hCG 10 units/IP/7days and GnRH (1.25 ng/g of GnRH) administration in GSNOR KO (-/-) mice and WT mice (N=5 in each group) to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. To determine whether exogenous administration of GSNO will affect T production inWT) mice, we administered oral GSNO for 45 days (n=4) and intraperitoneal GSNO for 7 days (n=3). Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone was evaluated using ELISA. We observed substantially smaller testes in GSNOR KO males compared to WT (0.081 vs. 0.094g). GSNOR (-/-) KO mice had 6x decreased testosterone (44.8 vs. 292.3 ng/dl), 20x decreased LH (0.032 vs 0.74 ng/ml), whereas normal levels of FSH (63.98 vs 77.93ng/ml) when compared to WT mice. hCG stimulation as well as GnRH stimulation increased testosterone levels in KO mice, similar to WT mice (>1200ng/dl) suggesting that nitrosative stress affects the hypothalamus or pituitary. On western blot analysis of the pituitary gland, LH beta expression was increased in KO mice compared to WT, suggesting a problem with release of LH from pituitary gland. Administration of oral or IP GSNO decreased testosterone (32.5 and 38.5ng/dL) compared to WT mice (292.3 ng/dl).
Wide‐Range 2D Lattice Correlation Unveiled for Columnarly Assembled Triphenylene Hexacarboxylic Esters (2012)

Dipolbrücken: Flüssigkristalline (LC) Triphenylene (siehe Bild) organisieren sich in Säulen in einer hexagonalen Geometrie mit einer weitreichenden 2D-Gitter-Korrelation, für die distale und proximale Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwirkungen als Ursache angenommen werden. Wegen der starken Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Säulen können sich diese spontan homöotrop auf 12 untersuchten Substraten anordnen (POM=polarisierte optische Mikroskopie). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Security Analysis of Double Redirection Protocols (2011)

In a double-redirection protocol, such as OpenID or OAuth, an application redirects the user's browser to a third-party that interacts with the user before redirecting the user back to the application; the thirdparty identifies the application to the user, authenticates the user, and asks for permission to identify the user to the application and grant the application access to resources and services on behalf of the user. In this paper we analyze the security of the double-redirection mechanism, as well as the security of several specific double-redirection protocols. We also propose solutions to several outstanding problems concerning the design of secure double-redirection protocols. We conclude by arguing the need for a double-redirection protocol that provides strong security for unregistered applications.
Thromboembolism after foot and ankle surgery. A multicenter study. (1998)

Thromboembolic disease presents a potentially fatal complication to patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Although the incidence after hip and knee surgery has been studied and documented, its incidence after surgery of the foot and ankle is unknown. For this reason, a prospective multicenter study was undertaken to identify patients with clinically evident thromboembolic disease to evaluate potential risk factors. Two thousand seven hundred thirty-three patients were evaluated for preoperative risk factors and postoperative thromboembolic events. There were six clinically significant thromboembolic events, including four nonfatal pulmonary emboli, after foot and ankle surgery. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was six of 2733 (0.22%) and that of nonfatal pulmonary emboli was four of 2733 (0.15%). Factors found to correlate with an increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis were nonweightbearing status and immobilization after surgery. On the basis of these results, routine prophylaxis for thromboembolic disease after foot and ankle surgery probably is not warranted.