gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple and Simultaneous Spine Fractures in Ankylosing Spondylitis (2005)

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis have a strong susceptibility to spine fracture from minor trauma, which can have devastating outcomes. Nonregion-specific multiple and simultaneous spine fractures can occur, and require thorough radiographic evaluation with imaging of the entire spinal axis, appropriate operative planning, and meticulous perioperative treatment. Preexisting internal spine instrumentation may predispose the ankylosing spondylitis spine to multiple fractures, even following a minor traumatic event. As such, the clinician should be cognizant of the possible existence of multiple and simultaneous fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis with preexisting internal spine instrumentation.
Calibration of effective van der Waals atomic contact radii for proteins and peptides (1987)

Effective van der Waals radii were calibrated in such a way that molecular models built from standard bond lengths and bond angles reproduced the amino acid conformations observed by crystallography in proteins and peptides. The calibrations were based on the comparison of the Ramachandran plots prepared from high-resolution X-ray data of proteins and peptides with the allowed phi, psi torsional angle space for the dipeptide molecular models. The calibrated radii are useful as criteria with which to filter energetically improbable conformations in molecular modeling studies of proteins and peptides.
Multilayered phantoms with tunable optical properties for a better understanding of light/tissue interactions (2015)

Light/tissue interactions, like diffuse reflectance, endogenous fluorescence and Raman scattering, are a powerful means for providing skin diagnosis. Instrument calibration is an important step. We thus developed multilayered phantoms for calibration of optical systems. These phantoms mimic the optical properties of biological tissues such as skin. Our final objective is to better understand light/tissue interactions especially in the case of confocal Raman spectroscopy. The phantom preparation procedure is described, including the employed method to obtain a stratified object. PDMS was chosen as the bulk material. TiO2 was used as light scattering agent. Dye and ink were adopted to mimic, respectively, oxy-hemoglobin and melanin absorption spectra. By varying the amount of the incorporated components, we created a material with tunable optical properties. Monolayer and multilayered phantoms were designed to allow several characterization methods. Among them, we can name: X-ray tomography for structural information; Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) with a homemade fibered bundle system for optical characterization; and Raman depth profiling with a commercial confocal Raman microscope for structural information and for our final objective. For each technique, the obtained results are presented and correlated when possible. A few words are said on our final objective. Raman depth profiles of the multilayered phantoms are distorted by elastic scattering. The signal attenuation through each single layer is directly dependent on its own scattering property. Therefore, determining the optical properties, obtained here with DRS, is crucial to properly correct Raman depth profiles. Thus, it would be permitted to consider quantitative studies on skin for drug permeation follow-up or hydration assessment, for instance.
<title>High-speed traveling-wave electrodes for polymeric electro-optic modulators</title> (1999)

A detailed design and fabrication procedure of high-speed traveling-wave electrodes for EO polymer-based modulator has been developed. Design consideration, thick photoresist deposition and electroplating are specially focused on. A lot of practical experiences are introduced as well. This kind of modulator can be used in satellite receiver systems, remote connection of cellular radio systems, and LANs.
Thermally activated LTA(Li)–Ag zeolites with water-responsive photoluminescence properties (2015)

The synthesis and characterization of LTA(Li)–Ag zeolites with water-responsive photoluminescence properties and high external quantum efficiencies is described in this study.
Renewable chemicals from wood and technical lignins (2020)

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century [Author Benefits](https://scimeetings.acs.org/?utm_source=pubs_content_marketing&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=0320_MCF_NPI_Launch_Spring_Homepage&ref=pubs_content_marketing) [How to use SciMeetings](https://storage.googleapis.com/dl.morressier.com/acs/SciMeetings-ACSSpring2020-HowToGuide_M3020-Final.pdf) [Frequently Asked Questions](https://storage.googleapis.com/dl.morressier.com/acs/SciMtng_ACSNMSp2020_FAQ_M3120_Final.pdf)
Large-effective-area heterogeneous trench-assisted twelve-core fiber under bending condition (2012)

Heterogeneous trench-assisted multi-core fiber (Hetero-TA-MCF) is proposed to achieve large effective area and high density of cores. The crosstalk value at 1550-nm wavelength of Hetero-TA-MCF can be lower than -30 dB after 100-km propagation.
Using neutral atoms and standing light waves to form a calibration artifact for length metrology (1998)

Beams of neutral metastable atoms can be patterned by spatially dependent deexcitation in a standing wave of laser light. Metastable atoms which hit a substrate transfer their internal energy (10–20 eV) to the surface and activate the formation of a durable carbonaceous resist from a vapor precursor. The resist can be used as an etch mask to transfer patterns into the substrate material. In this work, we report a recent experimental demonstration of this “standing wave quenching” (SWQ) patterning technique. We also present an analysis of the accuracy to which atom lithography and SWQ can form a periodic reference array for length metrology. We find that, with some modification of the experimental setup and parameters, the absolute period across a 1 mm2 patterned area can be known to one part in 106.
W5O14 Nanowires (2007)

Abstract We report on the synthesis of quasi‐1D W 5 O 14 crystals using NiI 2 as a growth promoter. Photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the metallic conductivity of the W 5 O 14 nanowires, which was also confirmed by direct‐transport measurements on a double‐stranded nanowire. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron‐diffraction data are correlated with details of crystal growth revealing the possible mechanism of the formation of this rarely synthesized phase, which was reported as a homogeneous phase only in 1978 by McColm et al., and in the meantime has been declared as a compound that is rare.
Drug discovery in rare indications: opportunities and challenges (2013)

Over the past decade, the number of new therapies developed for the treatment of rare diseases continues to increase. The most rapid growth has been in the development of new drugs for oncology indications. One focus in drug discovery for oncology indications is the development of targeted therapies for select patient subgroups characterized by genetic alterations. The identification of these patient subgroups has increased in the past decade and has resulted in a corresponding increase in the development of new drugs for genetically defined patient subgroups. As an example of the development of new therapeutics for rare indications, I describe here the drug discovery efforts leading to the development of DOT1L inhibitors for the treatment of MLL-rearranged leukemia.
Fourier-Plane Surface-Enhanced Raman Microscopy from plasmonic Nanowire-Nanoparticle Junction (2019)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS) is a widely studied technique to enhance the Raman signal of molecules. The high electric field near SERS substrate and the large number of optical density of states, enable us to detect single molecule and their chemical specification. These high electric field locations are called hotspots which can be achieved in many ways: one interesting way to harness the electric fields of a nanocavity. Nanocavity assisted SERS(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering) is studied in the context of the intensity enhancement, strong coupling, sensing capability etc. An important aspect of Cavity assisted SERS which has not been studied extensively is the wavevector distribution of the emission. Here we are studying the wavevector distribution of SERS emission from plasmonic nanowire-nanoparticle junction cavity using Fourier microscopy. The emission is confined to a narrow range of wavevectors perpendicular to the axis of the wire. This emission also excite multiple guided modes of the nanowire which has been imaged using leakage radiation Fourier microscopy. Further, we have characterized the polarization signature of the emission in the Fourier plane. The results are modeled with finite element method based numerical simulation.
Errors caused by baseline offset and noise in the estimation of exponential lifetimes (1991)

We have investigated errors and their sources in exponential-parameter estimation. This investigation was part of ongoing research in thermal metrology using the temperature-dependent fluorescence lifetime of rare-earth-doped ceramic phosphors. We have found that noise and baseline offset are the dominant sources of error in our experiments. In this note, we present the dependence of errors in exponential-lifetime estimates upon baseline offset and noise, as determined by the Monte Carlo simulation of Marquardt least-squared-error algorithms. These simulation results are validated by a Kullback–Leibler stochastic-distance model. We also demonstrate the necessity of estimating the baseline for accurate lifetime estimation.
Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies as Therapeutics in Enteric Infectious Disease: A Review (2002)

Passive immunization by oral administration of specific antibodies has been an attractive approach against gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens in both humans and animals. Recently, laying chickens have attracted considerable attention as an alternative source of antibodies for the prevention and treatment of infectious GI diseases. After immunization, the specific antibodies (called IgY) are transported to the egg yolk, from which the IgY then can be separated without sacrificing chickens. A chicken usually lays about 280 eggs in a year, and egg yolk contains 100-150 mg of IgY per yolk, suggesting that more than 40 g of IgY per year can be obtained from each chicken through eggs. IgY is also an alternative to antibiotics for treatment of enteric antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Oral administration of IgY has proved successful for treatment of a variety of GI infections, such as bovine and human rotaviruses, bovine coronavirus, Yersinia ruckeri, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Edwardsiella tarda, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. The IgY technology offers great future opportunities for designing prophylactic strategies against infectious GI diseases in humans and animals. However, there is still controversy regarding the stability of IgY through the GI tract. Finding an effective way to protect the antibodies from degradation in the GI tract would open the door for significant advances in IgY technology and nutraceutical applications.
<title>Development of dual-rate MIL-STD-1773A data bus transceiver</title> (1996)

Boeing has first developed a space-qualifiable, radiation- hardened, dual-rate MIL-STD-1773A fiber-optic transceiver for military command/response time division multiplexed data bus applications. This will provide an enhancement path from a fixed low data rate MIL-STD-1553 bus to a high data rate MIL-STD-1773 bus with minor modification of terminals supporting the existing function. The transceiver operates at dual-rates of both 1 and 20 Mbps over temperature (minus 25 to plus 85 degrees Celsius), and it shows a large dynamic range of greater than 20 dB in support of 32-node star network; a sensitivity of up to minus 38.7 dBm and a saturation of minus 16.1 dBm (limited mainly by test source power) at BER less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10<SUP>-10</SUP>. These transceivers are currently being utilized for space and military applications at DARPA, NASA, and JPL. In this paper we describe the dual-rate transceiver design requirements, ASIC and hybrid design, and performance test results.
Clinical assessment of the low-cost VariCom isokinetic knee exerciser (1997)

A low-cost isokinetic knee exerciser, known as the VariCom and developed with the emphasis on fulfilling the rehabilitation needs of developing countries, was subjected to a clinical evaluation. The evaluation was motivated by successful laboratory assessment of the exerciser as well as encouraging qualitative data acquired recently from a developing world hospital. The principal aim of this study was to demonstrate that the exerciser, employing a simple shock-absorber and lever mechanism, was capable of fulfilling the major criteria required from isokinetic equipment. Amongst the most important of these were attainment of a 'spectrum of velocities', patient safety, reliability, ease-of-use, patient comfort and estimation of the torque generated by the patient's knee-joint. It was ultimately demonstrated that the combination of design simplicity, durability and functionality renders the VariCom knee-exerciser technologically appropriate for use in developing countries. More generally, the success of the exerciser, combined with its low manufacturing cost, renders it a viable alternative to traditional up-market equipment.
Abstract A26: Modeling the ovarian cancer immune response and tumor microenvironment (2020)

Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Many patients initially respond well to surgery followed by chemotherapy, yet ~80% of patients recur with disease that is frequently recalcitrant to chemotherapy. Across a number of chemoresistant cancers, immunotherapies have shown great promise. Correlative studies in patients with HGSOC support a role for immune system in patient outcome. Yet the HGSOC tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive, which constitutes a major barrier to immunotherapy success. Understanding the molecular signals in HGSOC that promote resistance to chemo- or immunotherapies is required for identification of actionable targets within HGSOC; yet, there are limited models that recapitulate the TME in ovarian cancer. We have generated a new syngeneic C57Bl6 mouse model of ovarian cancer that exhibits genomic copy number gains in KRAS, MYC, and (PTK2) FAK genes (termed KMF) and aggressive malignant phenotypes commonly observed in HGSOC. The KMF TME, like HGSOC, is populated by immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells but lacks CD8+ T cell infiltration. We find that tumor-associated FAK expression and kinase activity are essential for KMF tumor growth. Mechanistically, by knockout and cell reconstitution approaches, FAK promotes expression of a select group of proteins mediating chemo- and immune-resistance. Inhibiting FAK modulates checkpoint inhibitor protein expression, limits MDSC and Treg recruitment, and enhances CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration. Pharmacologic FAK inhibition reduced CD112/CD155 expression on KMF cells and, together with anti-TIGIT immunotherapy, significantly increased mouse survival from 28 to 60+ days. The chemoresistant KMF model recapitulates key aspects of the aggressive HGSOC TME including the generation of an immunosuppressive milieu, and may be used as a preclinical model to identify new therapeutic targets for HGSOC. Citation Format: Duygu Ozmadenci, Jayanth S. Shankara Narayanan, Jacob R. Andrew, Allison M. Barrie, Shulin Jiang, Esra Bilir, Thomas Bertotto, Rebekah R. White, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Jonathan A. Pachter, Dwayne G. Stupack, David D. Schlaepfer. Modeling the ovarian cancer immune response and tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Self‐Assembled Asperities for Pressure‐Tunable Adhesion (Adv. Mater. 5/2023) (2023)

Pressure-Tunable Adhesives In article number 2207337, Chelsea Davis and co-workers show that pressure-tunable adhesives (PTAs) demonstrate variable adhesive separation forces depending on the application pressure used to form the interface. PTAs are formed by annealing a polymer film on a silicone surface so that it dewets, forming polygonal clusters. The large gray circle is the flat face of a cylindrical probe about to make contact with the PTA during a probe-tack adhesion experiment.
Effect of Seat Back Restriction on Head, Neck and Torso Responses of Front Seat Occupants When Subjected to a Moderate Speed Rear-Impact (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;During high-speed rear impacts with delta-V &amp;gt; 25 km/h, the front seats may rotate rearward due to occupant and seat momentum change leading to possibly large seat deflection. One possible way of limiting this may be by introducing a structure that would restrict large rotations or deformations, however, such a structure would change the front seat occupant kinematics and kinetics. The goal of this study was to understand the influence of seat back restriction on head, neck and torso responses of front seat occupants when subjected to a moderate speed rear-impact. This was done by simulating a rear impact scenario with a delta-V of 37.4 km/h using LS-Dyna, with the GHBMC M50 occupant model and a manufacturer provided seat model. The study included two parts, the first part was to identify worst case scenarios using the simplified GHBMC M50-OS, and the second part was to further investigate the identified scenarios using the detailed GHBMC M50-O. The baseline condition included running the belted GHBMC on the seat at the specified pulse. This was followed by including a seatback constraint, a restriction bar, at 65 mm from the seat back to restrict rearward movement. Four different scenarios were investigated using the GHBMC M50-OS for the first part of the study both in the baseline and inclusion of a restriction bar behind the seatback: occupant seated normally; occupant offset on the seat; occupant rotated on the seat; and occupant seated normally but at a slightly oblique rear impact direction. The oblique condition was identified as the worst-case scenario based on the inter-vertebral kinematics; therefore, this condition was further investigated in the simulations with GHBMC M50-O. In the oblique rear impact scenario, the head missed the head restraint leading to inter-vertebral rotations exceeding the physiological range of motions regardless of the restriction bar use. However, adding a restriction bar behind the seat back showed a higher HIC and BrIC in both normal and oblique pulses due to the sudden stop, although the magnitudes were below the threshold.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Amine Synthesis Using Organic Catalysts (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biochemical recurrence-free survival and pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer (2016)

Oncologic results after RP are heterogenous within the hrPCa risk group. Sub-stratification based on three well-defined criteria leads to a better identification of the most aggressive cancers. On the other hand, RP provides both effective cancer control and satisfactory survival rates in patients with only one risk factor.
Ion Conduction and Polymer Dynamics of Poly(2-vinylpyridine) - Lithium Perchlorate Mixtures (2008)

Ion conduction and polymer dynamics of homogeneous mixtures of poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VPy) with 0.1 to 10 mol % lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Interpretation of the relaxation behavior was assisted by findings from differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. Five dielectric relaxations were observed:  a local β-process in the glassy state, a segmental relaxation, a slow segmental process, an ion-mode relaxation, and electrode polarization. The local P2VPy β-relaxation was strongly suppressed with increasing LiClO4 content arising from the formation of transient crosslinks, which lead to a subsequent decrease in the number of free pyridine groups and/or a reduction in the local free volume in the presence of LiClO4. Ion conduction at low LiClO4 concentrations (<10 mol %) is governed by the diffusion of anions through the matrix,...
Synthesis and Metal Ion Binding Studies of Enediyne-Containing Crown Ethers (1996)

The 3-ene-1,5-diyne crown ether 5 is a novel enediyne-containing crown ether that was designed as a model system for a class of enediynes that might undergo alkali metal ion-triggered Bergman cyclization. We report the preparation of 5 by two different routes. In the shorter and preferable route, a carbenoid coupling reaction is employed to simultaneously construct the enediyne moiety and effect a macrocyclization of an acyclic bis(propargyl)bromide 15 to the 24-membered crown ether 5. Under standard reaction conditions, this carbenoid coupling produces as the major product the isomeric 5-ene-1,3-diyne-crown ethers (Z)-16 and (E)-16. The formation of 5-ene-1,3-diynes from the carbenoid coupling of propargyl bromides is unprecedented. We present evidence that it is the polyether nature of dibromide 15 that leads to the formation of the 5-ene-1,3-diyne-crown ether products. Judicious control of the reaction conditions can be used to produce either 5 or (Z)-16 from 15 in synthetically useful yields. Both enediyne-crown ethers 5 and (Z)-16 bind alkali metal ions, as evidenced by their ability to extract alkali metal picrates into organic solvents. Enediyne-crown ether 5 undergoes Bergman cyclization at 135 °C in DMSO/1,4-cyclohexadiene to produce the known o-xylyl crown ether 4. Crown ether 5 represents an enediyne in which molecular recognition of alkali metals might serve as a trigger for Bergman cyclization.
Hierarchical Carbon Foams with Independently Tunable Mesopore and Macropore Size Distributions (2010)

Hierarchical carbon foams with independently tunable mesopore and macropore size distributions were formed in a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template. The HIPE consists of an internal oil phase that controls the macropore dimensions and an aqueous resorcinol-formaldehyde precursor solution external phase that directs the mesopore size distribution. Once the emulsion is formed, the precursor solution is cured, fluid elements are extracted from the monolith via solvent exchange, and then the sample is pyrolyzed to create a hierarchical open-cell foam consisting of macropores with mesoporous carbon xerogel walls. Both mesopore and macropore size distributions may be independently tuned by changing the synthesis parameters. These samples have a peak in the mesopore size distribution that may be tuned to between 5 and 8 nm and macropore average diameters that may be tuned to between 0.7 and 2.1 microm. Furthermore, the 0.7 and 2.1 microm average diameter macropores have 0.18 and 0.53 microm diameter macropore windows between adjacent pores, respectively. Pore volumes up to 5.26 cm(3)/g and electrical conductivities as high as 0.34 S/cm are observed after 1200 degrees C carbonization of the framework. These foams may have potential applications as 3-D current collectors in batteries and as fuel cell catalyst supports.