gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technique for reducing variance in transducer array pulse-echo response (2005)

There is widespread interest in finding low cost approaches for circumventing the problems caused by variations in transducer performance due to device material and geometry variations. In this work, deficiencies in the response were estimated and used for the design of transmitter waveforms or receive filters that are programmed to compensate, at least in part, for the deficiencies. Fortunately, many modern 'high end' systems have programmable waveform generators in the transmit signal path and/or a versatile digital filter in the receive signal path. In the approach used here, power absorbed (Re(VI*)) is measured and used as a surrogate for a measure of pulse-echo response since it is arguably easier to measure. This procedure was investigated using a 1D thickness mode transducer model that included two matching layers that were allowed to vary randomly over a range /spl plusmn/15% (approximately equivalent to approximately /spl plusmn/20 microns). In a simulation run involving 100 random designs, the spectral performance of the corrected transducer was observed to be much closer to desired spectral performance than that for the original uncorrected case. The mean deviation of the pulse-echo response measured over the 20 dB bandwidth was reduced to approximately one third of the value obtained without using the compensation approach. The -20 dB time domain pulse duration was also reduced by approximately 10%.
Pharmacologic rescue of motor and sensory function following neonatal peripheral nerve injury (2014)

Borschel, Gregory H. MD, FACS; Kemp, Stephen PhD; Szynkaruk, Mark; Ready, Joseph PhD; Beggs, Simon PhD; Salter, Michael W. MD, PhD; Gordon, Tessa PhD; Pieper, Andrew MD, PhD Author Information
Pepsin-Resistant 16-kD Buckwheat Protein Is Associated with Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction in Patients with Buckwheat Allergy (2002)

The 16-kD buckwheat protein was resistant to pepsin digestion and appeared to be responsible for IHR including anaphylaxis, while the pepsin-sensitive 24-kD protein was responsible for CAP-FEIA but not IHR.
Synthesis and efficient circularly polarized light emission of an optically active hyperbranched poly(fluorenevinylene) derivative (2011)

An optically active, hyperbranched poly(fluorenevinylene) derivative was synthesized by polymerization of (-)-2,4,7-tris(bromomethyl)-9-neomenthyl-9-pentylfluorene. A spin-coated film sample of the polymer exhibited efficient circularly polarized light (CPL) emission in the visible range of 400-700 nm on photo excitation even without annealing processes leading to chain ordering.
A methodology for empirical analysis of permission-based security models and its application to android (2010)

Permission-based security models provide controlled access to various system resources. The expressiveness of the permission set plays an important role in providing the right level of granularity in access control. In this work, we present a methodology for the empirical analysis of permission-based security models which makes novel use of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm of Kohonen (2001). While the proposed methodology may be applicable to a wide range of architectures, we analyze 1,100 Android applications as a case study. Our methodology is of independent interest for visualization of permission-based systems beyond our present Android-specific empirical analysis. We offer some discussion identifying potential points of improvement for the Android permission model attempting to increase expressiveness where needed without increasing the total number of permissions or overall complexity.
Terminal‐cost design for model predictive control with linear stage‐costs: A set‐theoretic method (2021)

Abstract This article presents a method for designing stabilizing terminal‐costs for linear model predictive controllers whose stage‐costs are a mixture of weighted 1‐norms and ∞ ‐norms of the system states and inputs. This problem is abstracted by replacing the 1/ ∞ ‐norm stage‐costs with convex Minkowski functions. We show that a convex Minkowski terminal‐cost is a control Lyapunov function if and only if the dual of its defining set satisfies a set‐inclusion condition. Furthermore, we show that this set‐inclusion is satisfied by all robust positive invariant sets of a certain dual system. In particular, we show that the minimal convex set that satisfies the set‐inclusion produces the optimal terminal‐cost which is the cost‐to‐go of the corresponding unconstrained infinite‐horizon optimal control problem with convex Minkowski stage‐costs. To reduce the number of constraints in the MPC, we show that the defining set of the Minkowski function can be used as an invariant terminal‐constraint. Finally, we demonstrate our terminal‐cost design procedure for three case studies; a double‐integrator, a galvanometer laser scanner, and a nanosatellite.
Cyclosporin A potentiates the dexamethasone-induced mouse mammary tumor virus-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in LMCAT cells: a possible role for different heat shock protein-binding immunophilins in glucocorticosteroid receptor-mediated gene expression. (1995)

As previously observed for FK506, we report here that cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment of mouse fibroblast cells stably transfected with the mouse mammary tumor virus-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (MMTV-CAT) reporter plasmid (LMCAT cells) results in potentiation of dexamethasone (Dex)-induced CAT gene expression. Potentiation by CsA is observed in cells treated with 10-100 nM Dex but not in cells treated with 1 microM Dex, a concentration of hormone which results in maximum CAT activity. At 10 nM Dex, 1-5 microM CsA provokes an approximately 50-fold increase in CAT gene transcription, compared with transcription induced by Dex alone. No induction of CAT gene expression is observed in cells treated with CsA or FK506 in the absence of Dex. The antisteroid RU 486 abolishes effects obtained in the presence of Dex. Using a series of CsA, as well as FK506, analogs, including some devoid of calcineurin phosphatase inhibition activity, we conclude that the potentiation effects of these drugs on Dex-induced CAT gene expression in LMCAT cells do not occur through a calcineurin-mediated pathway. Western-blotting experiments following immunoprecipitation of glucocorticosteroid receptor (GR) complexes resulted in coprecipitation of GR, heat shock protein hsp90 and two immunophilins: the FK506-binding protein FKBP59 and the CsA-binding protein cyclophilin 40 (CYP40). Two separate immunophilin-hsp90 complexes are present in LMCAT cells: one containing CYP40-hsp90, the other FKBP59-hsp90. Thus, both FKBP59 and CYP40 can be classified as hsp-binding immunophilins, and their possible involvement as targets of immunosuppressants potentiating the GR-mediated transcriptional activity is discussed.
Discrimination of Alcohol Molecules Using Hydrogen-Bridged Cholesteric Polymer Networks (2012)

This paper presents a novel hydrogen-bridged cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymer networks with a porosity. This kind of material is adopted to distinguish methanol from ethanol. Because of the diversity of molecular affinities in ethanol and methanol with the hydrogen-bridged cholesteric polymer networks, the reflected colors of the cholesteric polymer networks are obviously different upon the uptake of the alcohol solutions with different ratios of methanol/ethanol. Furthermore, the composition of the monomers was altered to obtain the different sensitivities of the different alcohol concentrations and ratios of methanol/ethanol. The reduction of cross-link density and increasing amount of alkyloxybenzoic acid in polymer networks can enhance the distinguishing ability between methanol and ethanol. The function of change in transmission-valley wavelength of CLC versus the alcohol concentration and the ratio of methanol/ethanol was also obtained from the experimental results.
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression is reduced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2006)

Previously we reported that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) produced a reduction in uPA expression in prostatic cancer cells, and that TKI-treated cells were less invasive compared to untreated cells. Nevertheless, no change in cell migration was observed when TKI-treated cells were supplied with external uPA, thus indicating more complex mechanisms leading to decreased cell invasion. uPAR expression was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in PC-3 and DU-145 prostate carcinoma cells treated with the two TKI genistein and AG-1478. uPAR mRNA levels were measured with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). uPAR immunocytochemistry was used to examine the receptor distribution in cells grown on a reconstituted basal lamina. Immunocytochemistry showed an intense uPAR immunostaining in invading cells, particularly in the leading edge membrane. Treatment with genistein and AG-1478 led to a decreased expression of uPAR in DU-145, but not in PC-3. Furthermore, a reduction of uPAR mRNA was found in TKI-treated DU-145 cells, while PC-3 was not affected. Our results indicate a possible role of TKI as cancer suppressors by acting as a regulator of uPAR expression.
Controllable crystallite and particle sizes of WO3 particles prepared by a spray‐pyrolysis method and their photocatalytic activity (2013)

Information about correlation of material properties parameters (i.e., crystallite and particle sizes) and photocatalytic activity of tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) particles are still lacking. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to synthesize WO 3 particles with controllable crystallite (from 18 to 50 nm) and particle sizes (from 58 to 677 nm) using a spray‐pyrolysis method and to investigate correlation of crystallite/particle size and photocatalytic activity. To gain control of crystallite/particle size, synthesis temperature (120–1300 ° C) and initial precursor concentration (2.5–15 mmol/L) were investigated, which were then compared with the proposal of the particle formation mechanism. The results showed that both crystallite and particle sizes played an important role in photocatalytic activity. In this research, the optimum condition to produce the highest photocatalytic performance of WO 3 particles was at the temperature of 1200 ° C (crystallite size: 25 nm), and initial concentration of 10 mmol/L (particle size: 105 nm). © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 41–49, 2014
A randomized phase III trial of cisplatin with or without S-1 in patients with FIGO IVB, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer: An Asian study. (2017)

5527 Background: A combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, plus cisplatin has been used for advanced gastric cancer in Asia and EU, and lung cancer in Japan. It also evaluated in advanced or recurrent cervical cancer in a phase II setting. We conducted a randomized phase III trial to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus cisplatin with those of cisplatin alone in recurrent or persistent after treatment and FIGO IVB cervical cancer patients. Methods: Stage IVB, recurrent or persistent cervical cancer patients aged ≥ 20 years, ECOG PS 0–1 and adequate organ function were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive S-1 (80–120 mg daily, according to BSA, day 1–14) plus cisplatin (50 mg/m 2 on day 1) (study group) or cisplatin alone (50 mg/m 2 on day 1) (control group) every 3 weeks. Treatment was continued until disease progression. In all, 360 patients (at least 296 events) with a hazard ratio (HR) for death of 0.72 were required for a two-sided alpha of 5% and power of 80% under 2 years of recruitment and 1.5 years of follow-up. Stratification factors included recurrence in previously irradiated field, previous platinum-based therapy, and institution. Primary endpoint was OS based on intent-to-treat principle, and secondary endpoints were PFS, overall response rate (ORR), and safety. Results: In all, 375 patients were assigned to the study (n = 189) and control (n = 186) groups. Rate of previous platinum-based therapy was 64%. The median survival time was 21.9 and 19.5 months (95% CI, 18.6–25.8 and 17.0–24.3) with the use of unstratified log-rank test in the study and control groups, respectively (log-rank P = 0.125; HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67–1.05). Significant increases in median PFS (7.3 vs. 4.9 months; log-rank P &lt; 0.001; HR, 0.62) and ORR (43.8 vs. 20.1%, P &lt; 0.001) were observed in the study group. Adverse events (grade≥3) were frequent in the study group (80.9 vs. 41.7%) with neutropenia (52.7%), anemia (34.6%), and leukopenia (32.4%) being the most common events. Conclusions: Compared with cisplatin alone, S-1 plus cisplatin did not significantly improve OS but increased ORR, prolonged PFS, and had tolerable safety of patients with stage IVB, recurrent or persistent cervical cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT00770874.
Detection and phasing of single base de novo mutations in biopsies from human in vitro fertilized embryos by advanced whole-genome sequencing (2015)

Currently, the methods available for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos do not detect de novo single-nucleotide and short indel mutations, which have been shown to cause a large fraction of genetic diseases. Detection of all these types of mutations requires whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In this study, advanced massively parallel WGS was performed on three 5- to 10-cell biopsies from two blastocyst-stage embryos. Both parents and paternal grandparents were also analyzed to allow for accurate measurements of false-positive and false-negative error rates. Overall, >95% of each genome was called. In the embryos, experimentally derived haplotypes and barcoded read data were used to detect and phase up to 82% of de novo single base mutations with a false-positive rate of about one error per Gb, resulting in fewer than 10 such errors per embryo. This represents a ∼ 100-fold lower error rate than previously published from 10 cells, and it is the first demonstration that advanced WGS can be used to accurately identify these de novo mutations in spite of the thousands of false-positive errors introduced by the extensive DNA amplification required for deep sequencing. Using haplotype information, we also demonstrate how small de novo deletions could be detected. These results suggest that phased WGS using barcoded DNA could be used in the future as part of the PGD process to maximize comprehensiveness in detecting disease-causing mutations and to reduce the incidence of genetic diseases.
Leakage of the Fluorescent Ca2+ Indicator Fura-2 in Smooth Muscle (1993)

The movement of a fluorescent intracellular Ca2+ indicator, fura-2, in smooth muscle was examined. Strips of rat and rabbit aortas and bovine trachea were loaded with the acetoxymethyl ester of fura-2 (fura-2/AM), followed by washing with normal physiological solution. Not only fura-2/AM but also fura-2 was detected in the washout solution. The amount of fura-2 in the cells, measured fluorometrically, decreased gradually during the washout. The decrease was fastest in rat aorta followed by rabbit aorta > bovine trachea. In rat aorta, fura-2 leakage was inhibited by an inhibitor of anion transport, probenecid, or by a decrease in bath temperature. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (10 microM) increased the leakage of fura-2, which was not inhibited by probenecid, possibly because a high concentration of ionomycin nonselectively increased membrane permeability. These results suggest that fura-2/AM is cleaved to fura-2 in the cell which gradually leaked out of the cell mainly by an anion transport system. The amount of fura-2 in the cell seemed to be determined mainly by the rate of leakage of fura-2, which is the largest in rat aorta followed by rabbit aorta and bovine trachea.
Crystalline quality distributions of the type IIa diamond substrate and the CVD diamond layer processed by chemical mechanical polishing using a SiO2 wheel (2018)

We have grown a high-quality type-IIa single-crystal diamond substrate, which had a large (001) growth sector with a dislocation-free area of 3.5 × 3.5 mm2, and strong free exciton (FE) emissions were observed by cathodoluminescence (CL), while dislocations, stacking faults, and defect-related CL emissions at 340 and 400 nm were observed in the (111) growth sector. After CVD growth on the off-angled type-IIa substrate processed by SiO2 chemical mechanical polishing, the intensity of the FE emission became 3 times higher and the electronic quality became more homogeneous, indicating that a high-quality CVD layer was successfully grown and the lateral growth eliminated the evolution of point defects in the substrate. On the other hand, the CVD layer on the (111) growth sector had hillocks and defect-related CL emissions, indicating that the stacking faults have a highly negative effect on the electronic quality of the CVD layer compared with the dislocations.
Biological Basis for Mass Propagation ofCatolaccus grandis(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): Effects of Parasitoid Densities and Host–Parasitoid Ratios (1995)

We studied the effects of densities of ectoparasitoids (per liter of cage volume) and host-parasitoid ratios on the reproductive potential of parasitoid females. Ectoparasitoid, Catolaccus grandis (Burks), densities were varied from 3.8 to 37.7 females per liter volume of oviposition cages (petri dishes). Host-parasitoid ratios ranged from 0.2 to 20 3rd instars of the boll weevil. Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), per parasitoid female per day. Fecundity of C. grandis females was not affected by changes in the density of female adults in oviposition cages. However, adult mortality increased when female parasitoid density exceeded 15 females per liter of cage volume. Mean percentage of parasitism of the boll weevil hosts decreased from 100 to 33% when the host-parasitoid ratio increased from 0.2 to 20.0 weevil larvae per C. grandis female per day. Parasitoid fecundity was inversely proportional to the percentage of parasitized host larvae. A higher proportion (69–75%) of fertilized eggs were oviposited when host-parasitoid ratios were between 1 and 20 host larvae per C. grandis female than when ratios were <1 host per female (40–41%). Low host-parasitoid ratios reduced the rate of reproduction in C. grandis , whereas high parasitoid densities increased intraspecific competition and parasitoid mortality. Under laboratory conditions, the most efficient host–parasitoid ratio was 5–15 host larvae per female parasitoid per day.
Calf RTH-1 Nuclease Can Remove the Initiator RNAs of Okazaki Fragments by Endonuclease Activity (1996)

In eukaryotes, the endonucleolytic activity of the calf RTH-1 class 5'- to 3'-exo/endonuclease can function without RNase H1 to remove initiator RNA from Okazaki fragments. Cleavage requires that the RNA be displaced to form an unannealed single-stranded 5'-tail or flap structure. On substrates with RNA-initiated primers, DNA oligomers that competed with the RNA for template binding simulated strand displacement synthesis from an upstream Okazaki fragment. This allowed cutting of displaced RNA segments by RTH-1 nuclease. Requirements for the reaction also were examined on substrates in which the tail was unannealed because it was intentionally mispaired. On both types of substrate, the nuclease slides over the RNA region from the 5'-end and cleaves at the beginning of the annealed region, irrespective of whether ribo- or deoxyribonucleotides are at the cleavage site. Presence of a triphosphate or a 7-methyl 3'G5'ppp5' G cap structure at the 5'-end of the RNA does not affect cleavage. The previously reported stimulation of the nuclease by an upstream primer was not always observed, suggesting that not every site in the downstream Okazaki fragment is equally susceptible to cleavage during displacement synthesis in vivo. The biological role of the endonuclease activity of RTH-1 nuclease in Okazaki fragment processing is discussed.
Toward Cell Therapy Using Placenta-Derived Cells: Disease Mechanisms, Cell Biology, Preclinical Studies, and Regulatory Aspects at the Round Table (2009)

Among the many cell types that may prove useful to regenerative medicine, mounting evidence suggests that human term placenta-derived cells will join the list of significant contributors. In making new cell therapy-based strategies a clinical reality, it is fundamental that no a priori claims are made regarding which cell source is preferable for a particular therapeutic application. Rather, ongoing comparisons of the potentiality and characteristics of cells from different sources should be made to promote constant improvement in cell therapies, and such comparisons will likely show that individually tailored cells can address disease-specific clinical needs. The principle underlying such an approach is resistance to the notion that comprehensive characterization of any cell type has been achieved, neither in terms of phenotype nor risks-to-benefits ratio. Tailoring cell therapy approaches to specific conditions also requires an understanding of basic disease mechanisms and close collaboration between translational researchers and clinicians, to identify current needs and shortcomings in existing treatments. To this end, the international workshop entitled "Placenta-derived stem cells for treatment of inflammatory diseases: moving toward clinical application" was held in Brescia, Italy, in March 2009, and aimed to harness an understanding of basic inflammatory mechanisms inherent in human diseases with updated findings regarding biological and therapeutic properties of human placenta-derived cells, with particular emphasis on their potential for treating inflammatory diseases. Finally, steps required to allow their future clinical application according to regulatory aspects including good manufacturing practice (GMP) were also considered. In September 2009, the International Placenta Stem Cell Society (IPLASS) was founded to help strengthen the research network in this field.
Measurement of Infrasound from the Marine Environment (2015)

Abstract : The objective of the Measurement of Infrasound from the Maritime Environment project team at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) is to develop an infrasound sensing capability that can operate from the maritime environment. Infrasound monitoring stations are normally situated on land-based sites. Because two thirds of the earths surface is composed of oceans, a functional maritime-based infrasound sensing capability would greatly enhance the ability to monitor natural and anthropogenic sources of infrasound around the world. Ocean heave, as measured by the sea surface spectrum, is shown to occupy a significant portion of the infrasound receive frequency band. Measurements were taken with a microbarometer fielded on board a ship during an at-sea experiment. The collected sound pressure data shows the interference effects of ocean heave, which are due to the change in the background atmospheric pressure as the sensor moves up and down. An external inertial measurement unit (IMU) was used to estimate the heave, and was highly correlated with the pressure interference signal.