gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyimide Nanofoams from Aliphatic Polyester-Based Copolymers (1998)

High-temperature polymeric foams were prepared using compositionally asymmetric microphase-separated block copolymers where the major component is thermally stable and the minor component is thermally labile. Upon thermal treatment, the dispersed phase undergoes thermolysis leaving pores the size and shape of which are dictated by the initial copolymer morphology. The driving force behind the survey of aliphatic polyesters as possible labile blocks stems from their quantitative degradation into low-boiling, polar degradation products. Poly(lactones), as a general class of materials, degrade by a backbiting process producing, primarily, monomer and cyclic oligomers. A ring-opening synthetic route to poly(lactones) affords oligomers of predictable molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and controlled end-group functionality. Block copolymers were prepared using monofunctional caprolactone and valerolactone oligomers and a high-Tg polyimide. Microphase separation was observed in all cases, and the lactone blocks did not crystallize. Thermal decomposition of the caprolactone block was accomplished by heating the copolymer to 370 °C for 5 h. Significant density reductions were found with pore sizes in the 60−70 Å range.
Thermomechanical head performance (2002)

Mismatch of thermal expansion of various materials used in the transducer and slider of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) recording heads causes, at higher operating head temperature, mechanical stresses and, in particular, protrusion toward the media [thermal pole tip recession (T-PTR)]. Low T-PTR is necessary for low head-media spacing without mechanical contact. Impact of the magnitude of the Poisson's ratio of a photoresist coil insulator on thermal protrusion is shown to be large, due to large variation of the volume compressibility. Three-dimensional FE (3-D FE) thermomechanical modeling shows that the distribution of thermal stress in shields caused by mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion changes completely close to the air bearing surface due to protruded head surface. During head operation, the primary heat source arises from the writer coil. The maximum temperature and the particular temperature distribution depends on the ability of the head components to dissipate effectively the generated heat. As the transducer continues to scale down in size with increasing areal density and data rate, the power dissipated per unit volume grows due to the larger coil resistance in the core region.
Signalling of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, Btk (1999)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which is encoded by the BTK gene, is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) crucial for B-cell development and differentiation. It belongs to the Tec family of PTKs containing several domains that are characteristic of signalling molecules. In humans, mutations that disrupt the function of this gene lead to the classical XLA syndrome (X-linked agammaglobulinaemia), a primary immunodeficiency mainly characterized by lack of mature B cells as well as low levels of immunoglobulins. In contrast, animal models of this disease such as the xid mice display profoundly milder XLA phenotype. BTK phosphorylation and activation in response to engagement of the B-cell receptor (BCR) by antigen is a dynamic process whereby a variety of proteins interact with each other and recruit signalling molecules resulting in a physiological response such as B-cell proliferation and antibody production. The main players, however, that participate in the intracellular downstream cascade have not yet been identified and are therefore under intense scrutiny in several laboratories. This review discusses certain aspects of BTK activation following receptor stimulation by agonists and how this event is translated into the biochemical signals within the cell that eventually lead to nuclear responses.
Stereospecific and regiospecific addition to an isolated, acyclic (steroidal) olefinic bond (1971)

D. H. R. Barton, J. P. Poyser, P. G. Sammes, M. B. Hursthouse and S. Neidle, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 715 DOI: 10.1039/C29710000715
AlGaN/AlN integrated photonics platform for the ultraviolet and visible spectral range (2016)

We analyze a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platform comprised of a crystalline Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N optical guiding layer on an AlN substrate for the ultraviolet to visible (UV-vis) wavelength range. An Al composition of x~0.65 provides a refractive index difference of ~0.1 between Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N and AlN, and a small lattice mismatch (< 1%) that minimizes crystal dislocations at the Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N/AlN interface. This small refractive index difference is beneficial at shorter wavelengths to avoid extra-small waveguide dimensions. The platform enables compact waveguides and bends with high field confinement in the wavelength range from 700 nm down to 300 nm (and potentially lower) with waveguide cross-section dimensions comparable to those used for telecom PICs such as silicon and silicon nitride waveguides, allowing for well-established optical lithography. This platform can potentially enable cost-effective, manufacturable, monolithic UV-vis photonic integrated circuits.
Design of Taper Structure for Highly Efficient Coupling Between 1-D Photonic Crystal Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguide and Straight Waveguide (2009)

This paper presents a design method of a taper structure for highly efficient coupling between 1-D photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguides (1-D PC-CROWs) and input straight waveguides. We propose a new taper structure where not only air hole radius but also waveguide width are varied linearly in order to adjust the dispersion curves shift. By using the proposed tapered structure, we can connect each waveguide with high transmission over wide bandwidth. Our numerical simulation results show that a transmission of 98% around 1550 nm wavelength in a 6.6 mum long taper can be obtained with a 42 nm bandwidth.
Initialization Strategies of Spatio-Temporal Convolutional Neural\n Networks (2015)

We propose a new way of incorporating temporal information present in videos\ninto Spatial Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) trained on images, that\navoids training Spatio-Temporal ConvNets from scratch. We describe several\ninitializations of weights in 3D Convolutional Layers of Spatio-Temporal\nConvNet using 2D Convolutional Weights learned from ImageNet. We show that it\nis important to initialize 3D Convolutional Weights judiciously in order to\nlearn temporal representations of videos. We evaluate our methods on the\nUCF-101 dataset and demonstrate improvement over Spatial ConvNets.\n
Data from KEAP1-Dependent Synthetic Lethality Induced by AKT and TXNRD1 Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Intrinsic resistance to agents targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway is one of the major challenges in cancer treatment with such agents. The objective of this study is to identify the genes or pathways that can be targeted to overcome the resistance of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) to the AKT inhibitor MK2206, which is currently being evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials. Using a genome-wide siRNA library screening and biologic characterization, we identified that inhibition of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1), one of the key antioxidant enzymes, with siRNAs or its inhibitor, auranofin, sensitized NSCLC cells to MK2206 treatment &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. We found that simultaneous inhibition of TXNRD1 and AKT pathways induced robust reactive oxygen species production, which was involved in c-&lt;i&gt;jun&lt;/i&gt;-NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-kinase (JNK; MAPK8) activation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that the synthetic lethality interaction between the TXNRD1 and AKT pathways occurred through the KEAP1/NRF2 cellular antioxidant pathway. Finally, we found that synthetic lethality induced by TXNRD1 and AKT inhibitors relied on wild-type KEAP1 function. Our study indicates that targeting the interaction between AKT and TXNRD1 antioxidant pathways with MK2206 and auranofin, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, is a rational strategy to treat lung cancer and that KEAP1 mutation status may offer a predicative biomarker for such combination approaches. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(17); 5532–43. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Customizing Process, Democratizing Design (2018)

In the last 25 years, we have digitalized almost every domain of lives. While mainstream architectural practice was ignoring the challenges of digitalization, a new generation, to which belonged, was enthusiastically embracing the new possibilities offered by the incorporation of the digital into architectural practice. Around this time (the early 2000s) many people and companies were experimenting with online configurators which would allow their clients to customize their products according to their personal wishes. By short-cutting the process from the design at the lowest possible resolution of a 176 x 208 pixels mobile phone display directly to the highest thinkable definition of physical material and by eliminating the need – and possibility – of any form of human intervention along this workflow, we radicalized the question of mass customization and design democratization. Designing always involves parametric thinking. However, this becomes evident and computationally relevant only under very specific conditions.
Coupling an epitaxial quantum dot to a fiber-based external-mirror microcavity (2009)

We report the coupling of individual InAs quantum dots (QDs) to an external-mirror microcavity. The external mirror is bonded to a fiber and positioned above a semiconductor sample consisting of a QD-containing GaAs layer on top of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). This open cavity can be rapidly tuned with a piezoelectric actuator without negatively affecting the QD linewidth. A mirror radius of curvature of 42 microns and a cavity length of 10 microns enable good mode-matching and thus high collection efficiency directly into the fiber. With an improved finesse this system may enter the strong coupling regime.
World Health Organization grade ‘a’ motility and zona-binding test accurately predict IVF outcome for mild male factor and unexplained infertilities (2005)

Sperm-ZP binding test, combined with WHO grade 'a' motility assessment, is relevant to prevent IVF fertilization failures in unexplained infertility and, most particularly, in moderate male factor infertility.
CCDC 889478: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2013)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Control-Oriented Dynamics Analysis for Electrified Turbocharged Diesel Engines (2016)

Reprinted with permission SAE Copyright © 2017 SAE International. Further distribution of this material is not permitted without prior permission from SAE.
Chiral Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) and Chiral GC–Olfactometry with a Double‐Cool‐Strand Interface: Application to Malodors (2006)

Volatile sulfur compounds such as 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (1) are largely responsible for axillary-sweat malodors. In this work, we describe the determination of the enantiomer ratio of the trace constituent 1 and the odor description of its antipodes (R)- and (S)-1 by means of multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) in combination with chiral gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). This technique allowed the on-line evaluation of the sensory character of both enantiomers via a sniffing port, and is based on a novel double-cool-strand interface (DCSI). First, the system's inertness was tested towards the labile compound 2-methylfuran-3-thiol (MFT; 2). Then, the DCSI was used in a new configuration to achieve olfactive characterization by means of chiral GC-O. In contrast to direct smelling after the chiral column, our technique allows, for the first time, to significantly delay the perception of the second-eluting enantiomer after the first one. This lowers the risk of sensory saturation, as the panelist can recover from the first stimulus, before evaluating the second one. To help programming the DCSI, a dedicated program was set up. The enantiomer ratio of the sweat malodor 1 was determined as (S)/(R) 3 : 1, and the dominating (S)-isomer was shown to largely impart its specific character to the overall odor of the sweat extract.
Effect of Severe Renal Impairment on Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of ACT‐1014‐6470, a Novel Oral Complement Factor 5a Receptor 1 Antagonist (2022)

The aim of this study was to examine the safety and the effect of severe renal impairment (RI) on the pharmacokinetics of ACT-1014-6470, a novel oral complement factor 5a receptor 1 antagonist. A phase 1 single-center, open-label, single-dose, parallel-group study was conducted in subjects with severe RI (n = 8) compared to demographically pairwise matched subjects with normal renal function (n = 8). Plasma levels of ACT-1014-6470 were measured up to 120 hours following an oral 40-mg dose. Safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry tests, and electrocardiograms. All 16 subjects completed the study. Relative to subjects with normal renal function, ACT-1014-6470 time to maximum plasma concentration was delayed with a median of differences of 3 hours. The maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time zero to infinity were comparable indicated by geometric mean ratios (90%CI) of 0.85 (0.53-1.37) and 1.17 (0.73-1.85), respectively. Four transient and mild AEs in three subjects with severe RI were reported; three AEs were considered not related to ACT-1014-6470. These results support the use of ACT-1014-6470 in subjects with mild to severe RI without the need of dose adjustment.
The Development of Human Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Age (1984)

In this study we report the prevalence and growth rate of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age by combining and analyzing data from 10 independent studies containing more than 1,000 prostates. The normal prostate reaches 20 plus or minus 6 gm. in men between 21 and 30 years old, and this weight remains essentially constant with increasing age unless benign prostatic hyperplasia develops. The prevalence of pathological benign prostatic hyperplasia is only 8 per cent at the fourth decade; however, 50 per cent of the male population has pathological benign prostatic hyperplasia when they are 51 to 60 years old. The average weight of a prostate that is recognized at autopsy to contain benign prostatic hyperplasia is 33 plus or minus 16 gm. Only 4 per cent of the prostates in men more than 70 years old reach sizes greater than 100 gm. An analysis of a logistic growth curve of benign prostatic hyperplasia lesions removed at prostatectomy indicates that the growth of benign prostatic hyperplasia is initiated probably before the patient is 30 years old. The early phase of benign prostatic hyperplasia growth (men between 31 and 50 years old) is characterized by a doubling time for the tumor weight of 4.5 years. In the mid phase of benign prostatic hyperplasia growth (men between 51 and 70 years old) the doubling time is 10 years, and increases to more than 100 years in patients beyond 70 years old.
A review of the molecular mechanism of HSV-1 latency (1991)

The neurotropic herpes viruses, as typified by herpes simplex virus type 1, are noted for their ability to form latent infections. The latent infection differs from the acute infection both in gene expression and the physical state of the viral genome. Latency can be divided into several stages--establishment, maintenance of reactivation--each of which are active areas of research. This review describes the molecular biology of HSV-1 latency and presents the current level of understanding of the molecular mechanism of HSV-1 latency.
Experimental Characterization ofWavelength Separation for "QKID+WDM"Co-existence (2005)

Theminimumwavelength separation formultiplexing 1.3p.m QKD with1.5jm classical optical channels isexperimentally determined forimpairment-free QKD+WDM I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 X , ~~~~~~~~~~~~1.5 ILmCW
Reversed Cyclic Experiments on Shear Stress Transfer across Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Elements (2016)

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Stress controlled magnetic switching for GMR and TMR applications (2004)

In this paper, we investigate the use of stress and strain as dynamic parameter in the magnetisation process of magnetic materials. Through the anisotropy present in magnetic materials, stress contributes to the total energy in the material influencing the magnetisation vector.
Pneumopericardium Following Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Insights into the Natural History of Atrial Esophageal Fistula Formation (2010)

Pneumopericardium Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. We present a case of large pneumopericardium resulting from an esophageal pericardial fistula following ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). The presentation, evaluation, and management of this specific patient, along with a review of present techniques to diagnose esophageal injury, provide a unique insight into the pathophysiology of left atrial‐esophageal fistula formation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1046‐1049, September 2010)
THE MENISCOFEMORAL LIGAMENT AS A SECONDARY RESTRAINT: A SHEEP STUDY (2003)

The aim of this study was to determine the function of the meniscofemoral ligament in the cranio-caudal and rotatory laxity of the ovine stifle. Twenty fresh cadaveric ovine stifles were harvested from fully mature sheep, average weight 25kg. The joint was denuded of its muscular attachments leaving the capsule, including the patella and patellar tendon undisturbed. The femur and tibia were divided 10 cm from the joint line, positioned in cylindrical pots, and secured in polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. The stifles were tested in a four-degree-of-freedom rig positioned in an Instron materials testing machine. This allowed unconstrained coupled tibial rotations and translations during application of cranial (anterior) and caudal (posterior) draw forces. Forces up to a maximum of 100Nm were applied in the anterior and posterior directions, and the resultant translations were measured. These parameters were assessed at 30, 60, 90, and 110 degrees of flexion in ten intact stifles. Similar measurements were carried out after division of the caudal (posterior) cruciate ligament, followed by division of the meniscofemoral ligament. The sequence of division was reversed for a further ten stifles. Division of the meniscofemoral ligament resulted in an 18–38% increase in posterior translation at all angles of flexion, both in the intact and in the caudal cruciate ligament-deficient stifle (p The meniscofemoral ligament is a significant secondary restraint in resisting the posterior draw and internal tibial rotation in the sheep stifle joint. This is the first study demonstrating a functional role for this structure in any animal. Its counterpart in the human is the posterior meniscofemoral ligament of Wrisberg. Several studies have demonstrated similarities between the sheep stifle and the human knee. Confirmation of a similar role for the ligament of Wrisberg in the human knee would have a significant bearing on the prognosis and management of the posterior cruciate ligament injured knee.
Построение стержневого конечного элемента лопатки как компонента поворотно-симметричной системы рабочего колеса (2011)

The blade wave finite element has been developed. A FORTRAN code program has been developed for the modal analysis of rotating nonuniform heated blades of gas turbine engines. Natural modes of oscillation of two compressor blades have been analysed.
Implications of TP53 Allelic State for Genome Stability, Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2019)

ABSTRACT TP53 mutations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and treatment resistance in myelodysplastic syndromes. However, the biological and clinical relevance of the underlying mono- or bi-allelic state of the mutations is unclear. We analyzed 3,324 MDS patients for TP53 mutations and allelic imbalances of the TP53 locus and found that 1 in 3 TP53 -mutated patients had mono-allelic targeting of the gene whereas 2 in 3 had multiple hits consistent with bi-allelic targeting. The established associations for TP53 with complex karyotype, high-risk presentation, poor survival and rapid leukemic transformation were specific to patients with multi-hit state only. TP53 multi-hit state predicted risk of death and leukemic transformation independently of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System, while mono-allelic patients did not differ from TP53 wild-type patients. The separation by allelic state was retained in therapy-related MDS. Findings were validated in a cohort of 1,120 patients. Ascertainment of TP53 allelic state is critical for diagnosis, risk estimation and prognostication precision in MDS, and future correlative studies of treatment response should consider TP53 allelic state.
Aminodextran Containing Magnetite Nanoparticles for Molecular Biology Applications: Preparation and Evaluation (2009)

Within the framework of medical diagnosis, the main objective is the development of hydrophilic magnetic particles for the generic capture of the nucleic acids in order to enhance the sensitivity. The strategy used in this work is based on the synthesis of cationic and hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles bearing aminodextran. The synthesis was performed using two different processes: (i) coprecipitation of the ferrous and ferric salts in the presence of an aqueous solution of aminodextran and (ii) via adsorption of aminodextran on iron oxide nanoparticles. The obtained particles are characterized and evaluated in non-specific nucleic acids extraction and amplification.
Negative meta-magnetism in the visible range (2007)

Arrays of silver nano-strips reveal negative effective permeabilities of -1 and -1.7 at 770 nm and 725 nm. We show that lower silver deposition rate results in stronger magnetic resonances.
Chiral imprinting in molten gallium (2015)

The question of the possibility of imprinting chirality in molten metals was addressed in the current paper. By optical rotation and CD measurements we have shown that chirality was indeed imprinted in molten Ga.