gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern type and biological sex affect efficacy of molnupiravir in dwarf hamster model of severe COVID-19 (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have triggered distinct infection waves in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, culminating in currently all-time high incidence rates of VOC omicron. Orally available direct-acting antivirals such as molnupiravir promise to improve disease management and limit SARS-CoV-2 spread. However, molnupiravir efficacy against VOC delta was questioned based on clinical trial results and its potency against omicron is unknown. This study evaluates molnupiravir against a panel of relevant VOC in three efficacy models: primary human airway epithelium organoids, the ferret model of upper respiratory disease, and a lethal Roborovski dwarf hamster efficacy model of severe COVID-19-like acute lung injury. All VOC were equally efficiently inhibited by molnupiravir in cultured cells and organoids. Treatment consistently reduced upper respiratory VOC shedding in ferrets and prevented viral transmission. Pathogenicity in the dwarf hamsters was VOC-dependent and highest for gamma, omicron, and delta with fulminant lung histopathology. Oral molnupiravir started 12 hours after infection resulted in complete survival of treated dwarf hamsters independent of challenge VOC. However, reduction in lung virus differed VOC-dependently, ranging from one (delta) to four (gamma) orders of magnitude compared to vehicle-treated animals. Dwarf hamsters infected with VOC omicron showed significant individual variation in response to treatment. Virus load reduction was significant in treated males, but not females. The dwarf hamster model recapitulates mixed efficacy of molnupiravir seen in human trials and alerts that therapeutic benefit of approved antivirals must be continuously reassessed <i>in vivo</i> as new VOC emerge.
A small quantum computer is needed to optimize fault-tolerant protocols (2018)

As far as we know, a useful quantum computer will require fault-tolerant gates, and existing schemes demand a prohibitively large space and time overhead. We argue that a first generation quantum computer will be very valuable to design, test, and optimize fault-tolerant protocols tailored to the noise processes of the hardware. Our argument is essentially a critical analysis of the current methods envisioned to optimize fault-tolerant schemes, which rely on hardware characterization, noise modelling, and numerical simulations. We show that, even within a very restricted set of noise models, error correction protocols depend strongly on the details of the noise model. Combined to the intrinsic difficulty of hardware characterization and of numerical simulations of fault-tolerant protocols, we arrive at the conclusion that the currently envisioned optimization cycle is of very limited scope. On the other hand, the direct characterization of a fault-tolerant scheme on a small quantum computer bypasses these difficulties, and could provide a bootstrapping path to full-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Demonstration of High-speed Signaling for Protection under Multiple-priority-class Traffic in WDM Ring Networks (2010)

We have demonstrated the world’s first high-speed signaling method for protection under multiple-priority-class traffic in WDM ring networks. This method is effective for actual WDM ring networks deploying ROADM node.
Heteroepitaxy of SnO2 Nanowire Arrays on TiO2 Single Crystals: Growth Patterns and Tomographic Studies (2011)

Oriented SnO2 nanowire (NW) arrays were grown on TiO2(001) substrates by molecule-based chemical vapor deposition of Sn(OtBu)4. Preferred growth directions ([101], [−101], [011], and [0–11]) of SnO2 NWs were correlated to surface energy consideration and crystallographic relationship between the substrate and NW material by comprehensive electron microscopy and bulk tomographic studies. The proposed growth incubation model (tilting of catalyst/NW interface due to driving force of surface energy) explains the formation mechanism of oriented SnO2 NWs on TiO2 substrates. These results allowed us to also study the I–V characteristics and gas-sensing properties of individual SnO2 NWs grown with a perfectly defined crystal orientation ([101]).
Critic Regularized Regression (2020)

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), also known as batch RL, offers the prospect of policy optimization from large pre-recorded datasets without online environment interaction. It addresses challenges with regard to the cost of data collection and safety, both of which are particularly pertinent to real-world applications of RL. Unfortunately, most off-policy algorithms perform poorly when learning from a fixed dataset. In this paper, we propose a novel offline RL algorithm to learn policies from data using a form of critic-regularized regression (CRR). We find that CRR performs surprisingly well and scales to tasks with high-dimensional state and action spaces -- outperforming several state-of-the-art offline RL algorithms by a significant margin on a wide range of benchmark tasks.
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Interoperability with Customer Edge (CE) Bridges (2011)

One of the main motivations behind VPLS is its ability to provide
connectivity not only among customer routers and servers/hosts but
also among customer IEEE bridges. VPLS is expected to deliver the same
level of service that current enterprise users are accustomed to from
their own enterprise bridged networks or their Ethernet Service
Providers. When CE devices are IEEE bridges, then there are certain
issues and challenges that need to be accounted for in a VPLS network.
The majority of these issues have currently been addressed in the IEEE
802.1ad standard for provider bridges and they can be leveraged for
VPLS networks. This draft extends the PE model described in RFC 4664
based on IEEE 802.1ad bridge module and illustrates a clear
demarcation between IEEE bridge module and IETF LAN emulation module.
By doing so, it describes that the majority of interoperability issues
with CE bridges can be delegated to 802.1ad bridge module, thus
removing the burden on IETF LAN emulation module within a VPLS PE.
Conventions
N-acyl-O-phosphocholineserines: structures of a novel class of lipids that are biomarkers for Niemann-Pick C1 disease (2019)

Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal, neurodegenerative, cholesterol storage disorder. With new therapeutics in clinical trials, there is an urgency to improve diagnostics and monitor therapeutic efficacy with biomarkers. In this study, we sought to define the structure of an unknown lipid biomarker for NPC1 with [M + H]<sup>+</sup> ion at <i>m/z</i> 509.3351, previously designated as lysoSM-509. The structure of <i>N</i>-palmitoyl-<i>O</i>-phosphocholineserine (PPCS) was proposed for the lipid biomarker based on the results from mass spectrometric analyses and chemical derivatizations. As no commercial standard is available, authentic PPCS was chemically synthesized, and the structure was confirmed by comparison of endogenous and synthetic compounds as well as their derivatives using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PPCS is the most abundant species among <i>N</i>-acyl-<i>O</i>-phosphocholineserines (APCS), a class of lipids that have not been previously detected in biological samples. Further analysis demonstrated that all APCS species with acyl groups ranging from C14 to C24 were elevated in NPC1 plasma. PPCS is also elevated in both central and peripheral tissues of the NPC1 cat model. Identification of APCS structures provide an opportunity for broader exploration of the roles of these novel lipids in NPC1 disease pathology and diagnosis.
Breathing Particles for Controlling Thermo‐Sequential On/Off Drug Delivery (2012)

Two for three: An original combination of two thermoresponsive polymers organized inside a single submicron particle is developed to release drug following a three-step process, which consists of a first spontaneous release at room temperature followed by two possible thermosensitive effects.
Effect of Genistein Analogs on Oxygen Radical Production in Leukocytes Stimulated by Unopsonized Zymosan (2001)

Effects of genistein analogs on oxygen radical production have been analyzed in human neutrophils, human monocytes or murine macrophages Raw264.7 stimulated with unopsonized zymosan by lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assays. Genistein exhibited IC50 values of 10.7-11.5 microM on the oxygen radical production in human neutrophils, 10.9-11.0 microM in human monocytes, and 14.8-27.3 microM in Raw264.7 cells. Orobol, a genistein analog with an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position, exhibited IC50 values of 3.0-3.3 microM on the oxygen radical production in human neutrophils, 2.8-3.1 microM in human monocytes, and 1.5-3.9 microM in Raw264.7 cells. Genistin and sophoricoside are genistein glycosides with a glucose moiety at 7 or 4' position, respectively. The genistein glycosides exhibited 23-37% inhibitory effects at 100 microM on the oxygen radical production.
Desarrollo de la técnica de FICTION como nueva herramienta para el diagnóstico precoz de cáncer de pulmón FICTION as a new tool to early lung cancer diagnosis (2002)

Lung cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in Western countries. Overall 5-year survival rate is lower than 15% mainly due to the late diagnosis of the disease. Primary prevention (reduction of tobacco consumption) and more effective methods for early detection are needed. Some studies have recently shown that low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) is a useful technique to the detection of pulmonary malignant nodules in early stages. Studies are developing to evaluate its efficacy in series of highrisk patients. A new cytogenetic technique has been developed: the FICTION technique (Fluorescence Immunophenotyping and Interphase Cytogenetics as a Tool for the Investigation of Neoplasms). This technique allows the simultaneous study of immunophenotypic markers and genetic abnormalities present in tumour cells. The goal of our project is optimise this technique in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from lung cancer patients. The overall goal of this project is evaluate the usefulness of this technique, together with the new radiological techniques, in early detection programs of lung cancer in high-risk patients. In the present study we review the cytogenetic studies on lung cancer carried out in the recent years. We also introduce the basic methodological aspects that will be developed in our project.
experiments exploring the compatibility of games and markets for games (2000)

Summary. The research explores the relationship between games and the eco nomic environment in which the games might be embedded. The focus is on a market institution in which agents buy and sell rights to participate in a follow on stage of strategic interaction. The central question posed concerns how two different types of processes, the game and the market, interact. The market con verges to a competitive equilibrium that is consistent with the Nash equilibrium that obtains in the game, and the convergence of the market to a competitive equilibrium lags the convergence of behaviors in the game to a Nash equilib rium.
Annealing of Biodegradable Polymer Induced by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining (2010)

Abstract Femtosecond laser is a potential tool for net shape processing of biodegradable polymers. However, laser processing of polymeric material is still a challenge and the effects induced by laser ablation needs to be investigated. Poly( ε ‐caprolactone) was micromachined at high fluence and the heat affected zone was characterized. Two different phases of microstructure, namely the annealed spherulite zone and the amorphous zone, are found.
Effect of Shirts with 42% Celliant™ Fiber on tcPO2 Levels and Grip Strength in Healthy Subjects: A Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. (2019)

Celliant™ fabric contains quartz, silicon oxide and titanium oxide particles embedded into polymer fibers. Garments woven with Celliant™ yarns can be activated by body heat (conduction, convection and radiation) and remit the energy as far infrared radiation (FIR) back into the body. Wearing Celliant garments has been shown to increase blood flow and oxygen levels in the skin. In the present study we recruited twenty-four healthy volunteers (18-60 years of age) to wear a placebo shirt for 90 minutes, and after a 15-minute break, to wear a real Celliant shirt for 90 minutes. The mean transcutaneous oxygen (tcPO<sub>2</sub>) measured over two sites (biceps and abdomen) was significantly increased at 3 time points (30, 60, and 90 minutes) by between 5-8% (P<0.05) in Celliant vs. placebo. The mean grip strength in the dominant hand measured at 90 minutes was 12.44% higher after wearing Celliant vs. after placebo (p=0.0002). There was a small but significant increase in systolic blood pressure (113.71 vs. 109.38; p=0.02) but no statistically significant changes in diastolic or mean blood pressure, heart rate, or skin temperature. These data provide more evidence of the physiological effects of FIR emitting garments and suggest they could be used for athletic training and recovery.
Multipore Zeolites: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications (2015)

In the last few years, important efforts have been made to synthesize so-called "multipore" zeolites, which contain channels of different dimensions within the same crystalline structure. This is a very attractive subject, since the presence of pores of different sizes would favor the preferential diffusion of reactants and products through those different channel systems, allowing unique catalytic activities for specific chemical processes. In this Review we describe the most attractive achievements in the rational synthesis of multipore zeolites, containing small to extra-large pores, and the improvements reported for relevant chemical processes when these multipore zeolites have been used as catalysts.
Assessing the effect of culturally specific audiovisual educational interventions on attaining self-management skills for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Mandarin- and Cantonese-speaking patients: a randomized controlled trial (2016)

A relatively simple culturally appropriate disease management education intervention improved inhaler techniques and self-management practices. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of self-management education on behavioral change and patient empowerment strategies.
The Inner Hair Cell (2017)

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The antibody specific to type 1 chain blood group A determinant. (1984)

Two monoclonal antibodies directed to the blood group A determinant have been established. One hybridoma antibody (AH16), obtained on immunization with human gastric cancer cell MKN45, was directed to the blood group A determinant carried by both type 1 and type 2 chains. The other antibody (AH21) was prepared by immunization with a purified type 1-chain A glycolipid, followed by selection of the hybridoma by positive reaction with the type 1, but negative reaction with the type 2-chain A glycolipid. Thus, the antibody specifically reacts to the A determinant carried by the type 1 chain, but not to the A determinant carried by the type 2 chain; an A determinant carried by type 1 chain differs significantly from that carried by type 2 chain in its conformational structure. The antibody AH16 agglutinates both A1 and A2 human erythrocytes, but AH21 agglutinates neither A1 nor A2 erythrocytes, which supports the results of methylation analysis that blood group A and H determinants in human erythrocytes are exclusively made of the type 2 chain and that A1 and A2 phenotypes are not related to the difference between type 1 and type 2 chains.
In vivo evaluation of a composite sorbent for the treatment of paraquat intoxication by hemoperfusion. (1983)

In vivo evaluation of a new hemoperfusion (HP) device for Paraquat detoxification is reported. The key element of the extracorporeal system is a column packed with newly developed composite sorbent beads containing Fullers' Earth (FE) entrapped in crosslinked Agarose. The proposed HP system exhibits very good biocompatibility characteristics when conventional heparinization is supplemented by infusing 0.02 ml per min acid-citrate dextrose (ACD) solution per ml. perfused blood at the inlet to the HP column. No complications or abnormalities were detected in animals which were hemoperfused with the system described. It is suggested that the new device is effective and safe for clinical application.
Transformation of the corundum structure upon high-temperature reduction (2008)

This paper reports on the results of investigations into the transformation of the corundum structure upon reducing annealing at high temperatures in the range from 1700 to 2050°C. It is established that the reduction results in the transformation of corundum into new phases with a lower oxygen content, including the phase with a spinel structure. These structures are assumed to be stabilized by anion vacancies. A model of the crystal structure of the spinel phase is proposed. This model provides an adequate description of the compound obtained in the experiment.
Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Sheets on Dip Pen Nanolithography-Generated Templates (2009)

The ability to organize nanomaterials, e.g., Au nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) sheets, into ordered structures with high accuracy and resolution on a substrate is crucially important for fundamental studies and applications. In this letter, we developed a simple and efficient method to generate positively charged 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT) templates on Au substrates, which were successfully used for controlled assembly of negatively charged Au NPs or GO sheets from aqueous solution. The templates were obtained by passivation of the exposed Au area with AUT after 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) patterns were generated by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) on Au. The electrostatic interaction ensures that the Au NPs and GO sheets only adsorb on the designed AUT areas. Importantly, by using this method, the number of Au NPs adsorbed on patterned areas can be controlled, and a single Au NP array was successfully achieved.
Supramolecular Materials from Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-Based Nanorods (2008)

Telechelic polymers end-capped or copolymerized with the benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) moiety lead to supramolecular materials. The intrinsic phase segregation of BTA nanorods with an amorphous polymer such as poly(ethylene butylene) results in thermoplastic elastomeric behavior.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Potent <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Activity of an Fc-Engineered Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody against Lymphoma and Leukemia (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Potent &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Activity of an Fc-Engineered Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody against Lymphoma and Leukemia
Multimodal learning for image popularity prediction on social media (2016)

Billions of photographs are uploaded to the Internet every day through image sharing services, e.g., Flickr, Instagram, etc. The growing size of these social media poses new challenges in social popularity prediction. In this paper, we try to use a multimodal learning approach which uses both tag feature and visual feature for popularity prediction. We compare several multimodal approaches with unimodal approaches in our experiments and show the results.
Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System with Machine Learning-Based Maximum Torque per Ampere and Flux-Weakening Control (2021)

An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system with machine learning-based maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) as well as flux-weakening (FW) control was developed and is presented in this study. Since the control performance of IPMSM varies significantly due to the temperature variation and magnetic saturation, a machine learning-based MTPA control using a Petri probabilistic fuzzy neural network with an asymmetric membership function (PPFNN-AMF) was developed. First, the d-axis current command, which can achieve the MTPA control of the IPMSM, is derived. Then, the difference value of the dq-axis inductance of the IPMSM is obtained by the PPFNN-AMF and substituted into the d-axis current command of the MTPA to alleviate the saturation effect in the constant torque region. Moreover, a voltage control loop, which can limit the inverter output voltage to the maximum output voltage of the inverter at high-speed, is designed for the FW control in the constant power region. In addition, an adaptive complementary sliding mode (ACSM) speed controller is developed to improve the transient response of the speed control. Finally, some experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed high-performance control strategies.
Priority-Aware Joint Packet Fragmentation and Error Protection Scheme for H.264 Video over Wireless Channels (2015)

We present a real-time, priority-aware joint packet fragmentation and error protection scheme for transmitting H.264/AVC compressed video over Rayleigh fading channels. A priority is assigned to every video slice based on the predicted cumulative mean squared error (CMSE) contributed by its loss relative to all the slices of the group of pictures (GOP). Here, the CMSE of a slice, which is predicted by using our low-complexity generalized linear model, represents the degradation in video quality contributed by its loss. The slices of a frame belonging to the same priority are aggregated to form video packet(s). We simulate the fragment error rates (FERs) for a combination of different fragment sizes and rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code rates. These FERs are then used to determine the optimal fragment sizes and code rates for packets of each priority class by minimizing the expected normalized predicted CMSE of all the priority classes per GOP in H.264 video bitstream. We observed a significant improvement in the received video quality over the conventional and priority-agnostic packet fragmentation schemes.
Peptide and Protein Hormones, Peptide Neurotransmitters, and Therapeutic Agents (2003)

Abstract Over 50% of all current drugs and perhaps an even higher percentage of drug targets have as their major target receptors/acceptors for which the native ligand/recognition motif is a peptide. Furthermore, most targets for drugs are proteins or conjugated proteins. Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters constitute a very large number of these ligands and almost all of them are important in a wide variety of diseases. Thus robust methods for the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of peptides, proteins, peptide analogs, and peptidomimetics are needed. In this chapter we briefly discuss the major synthetic, structural, conformational, and topographical considerations that go into peptide design of peptide analogs, derivatives, and mimetics that can serve as drug candidates. We then provide a selected discussion on the design of four different examples of peptide hormone and neurotransmitter ligands, and conclude with a brief discussion of future perspectives in this critically important area of current and future drug research.
Spectrally encoded confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2010)

We present in vivo human fundus imaging using a fiber-based confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Spectrally encoded confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SECSLO) utilizes a spectral encoding technique in one dimension, combined with single-axis lateral scanning, to create video-rate reflectivity maps of the fundus. This implementation of the SLO allows for high-contrast high-resolution in vivo human retinal imaging through a single-mode optical fiber. We experimentally quantify the full confocality of SECSLO in both the spectrally encoded and laterally scanned dimensions, and demonstrate 50 Hz frame rate fundus imaging.