gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen inhibits lysyl oxidase and decreases mechanical function in engineered ligaments (2015)

Women are more likely to suffer an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture than men, and the incidence of ACL rupture in women rises with increasing estrogen levels. We used an engineered ligament model to determine how an acute rise in estrogen decreases the mechanical properties of ligaments. Using fibroblasts isolated from human ACLs from male or female donors, we engineered ligaments and determined that ligaments made from female ACL cells had more collagen and were equal in strength to those made from male ACL cells. We then treated engineered ligaments for 14 days with low (5 pg/ml), medium (50 pg/ml), or high (500 pg/ml) estrogen, corresponding to the range of in vivo serum estrogen concentrations and found that collagen within the grafts increased without a commensurate increase in mechanical strength. Mimicking the menstrual cycle, with 12 days of low estrogen followed by 2 days of physiologically high estrogen, resulted in a decrease in engineered ligament mechanical function with no change in the amount of collagen in the graft. The decrease in mechanical stiffness corresponded with a 61.7 and 76.9% decrease in the activity of collagen cross-linker lysyl oxidase with 24 and 48 h of high estrogen, respectively. Similarly, grafts treated with the lysyl oxidase inhibitor β-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) for 24 h showed a significant decrease in ligament mechanical strength [control (CON) = 1.58 ± 0.06 N; BAPN = 1.06 ± 0.13 N] and stiffness (CON = 7.7 ± 0.46 MPa; BAPN = 6.1 ± 0.71 MPa) without changing overall collagen levels (CON = 396 ± 11.5 μg; BAPN = 382 ± 11.6 μg). Together, these data suggest that the rise in estrogen during the follicular phase decreases lysyl oxidase activity in our engineered ligament model and if this occurs in vivo may decrease the stiffness of ligaments and contribute to the elevated rate of ACL rupture in women.
Frontispiece: Nanoconfinement of the Low‐Temperature Dark Conglomerate: Structural Control from Focal Conics to Helical Nanofilaments (2019)

Interesting things happen in smectic (lamellar) liquid-crystal phases dominated by a tendency for saddle-splay deformation of the layers. The two main ways this tendency is expressed is with the formation of either “dark conglomerate” or “helical nanofilament” phases. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that a mesogen preferring the dark conglomerate phase changes morphology to give the helical nanofilament phase when constrained physically in nanopores. For more details see the Communication by D. M. Walba, D. Y. Yoon et al. on page 7438 ff.
Chemical Development of MDL 103371:  An N-Methyl-d-Aspartate-Type Glycine Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Stroke (2000)

MDL 103371 is a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glycine receptor antagonist for the potential treatment of stroke. Evaluation of five different synthetic routes, which included Stille, Suzuki, enol ether, Knoevenagel, and the Mukaiyama coupling reactions, revealed the Knoevenagel approach superior for preparing large quantities of drug substance for evaluation. The overall process utilized some classical chemistry. Fischer indole cyclization, followed by a Vilsmeier−Haack formylation and a Knoevenagel condensation gave immediate access into the proper carbon framework of the target molecule. A unique hydrogenation cataylst and solvent system for a nitro reduction, followed by a two step acid−base hydrolysis of a nitrile gave the crude product. Purification was accomplished by a potassium salt crystallization followed by a Schiff base formation to give MDL 103371 in nine steps in an overall yield of 38%.
High-pressure synthesis of the cubic perovskite BaRuO 3 and evolution of ferromagnetism in ARuO 3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) ruthenates (2008)

The cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) has been synthesized under 18 GPa at 1,000 degrees C. Rietveld refinement indicates that the new compound has a stretched Ru-O bond. The cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) remains metallic to 4 K and exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at T(c) = 60 K, which is significantly lower than the T(c) approximately = 160 K for SrRuO(3). The availability of cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) not only makes it possible to map out the evolution of magnetism in the whole series of ARuO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) as a function of the ionic size of the A-site r(A,) but also completes the polytypes of BaRuO(3). Extension of the plot of T(c) versus r(A) in perovskites ARuO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) shows that T(c) does not increase as the cubic structure is approached, but has a maximum for orthorhombic SrRuO(3). Suppressing T(c) by Ca and Ba doping in SrRuO(3) is distinguished by sharply different magnetic susceptibilities chi(T) of the paramagnetic phase. This distinction has been interpreted in the context of a Griffiths' phase on the (Ca Sr)RuO(3) side and bandwidth broadening on the (Sr,Ba)RuO(3) side.
Nonintrusive transceiver and method for characterizing temperature and velocity fields in a gas turbine combustor (2023)

An acoustic transceiver is implemented for measuring acoustic properties of a gas in a turbine engine combustor. The transceiver housing defines a measurement chamber and has an opening adapted for attachment to a turbine engine combustor wall. The opening permits propagation of acoustic signals between the gas in the turbine engine combustor and gas in the measurement chamber. An acoustic sensor mounted to the housing receives acoustic signals propagating in the measurement chamber, and an acoustic transmitter mounted to the housing creates acoustic signals within the measurement chamber. An acoustic measurement system includes at least two such transceivers attached to a turbine engine combustor wall and connected to a controller.
A comparison of electrospray-ionization m.s. and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight m.s. for the analysis of protein mixtures (1991)

Conference Article| November 01 1991 A comparison of electrospray-ionization m.s. and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight m.s. for the analysis of protein mixtures Mark H. Allen; Mark H. Allen 1Vestec Corporation, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Grindstaff; D. J. Grindstaff 1Vestec Corporation, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Marvin L. Vestal; Marvin L. Vestal 1Vestec Corporation, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Randall W. Nelson Randall W. Nelson 1Vestec Corporation, Houston, TX 77054, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (4): 954–957. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190954 Article history Received: August 01 1991 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Mark H. Allen, D. J. Grindstaff, Marvin L. Vestal, Randall W. Nelson; A comparison of electrospray-ionization m.s. and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight m.s. for the analysis of protein mixtures. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1991; 19 (4): 954–957. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190954 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ES, electrospray ionization, LDTOF, laser desorption time-of-flight, TFA, trifluoroacetic acid This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Experimental high speed CMOS image sensor system and applications (2003)

CMOS image sensors are capable of very high-speed non-destructive readout, enabling many novel applications. To explore such applications, we designed and prototyped an experimental high speed imaging system based on a CMOS digital pixel sensor (DPS). The experimental system comprises a PCB that has the DPS chip interfaced to a PC via three I/O cards supported by an easy to use software environment. The system is capable of image acquisition at rates of up to 1,400 frames/sec. After describing the DPS chip and experimental imaging system,we present two applications: dynamic range extension and optical flow estimation. These applications rely on the DPS's ability to perform non-destructive readout of multiple frames at high-speed.
Novel type of alginate gel‐based adsorbents for heavy metal removal (2004)

Abstract Various alginate gel‐based adsorbents were investigated for the removal of heavy metals: alginate beads, alginate capsules, and alginate gel‐coated adsorbent. Of these, alginate capsules showed the greatest Pb 2+ uptake capacity of 1560 mg g −1 of dry sodium alginate, and the alginate gel‐coated adsorbent, prepared simply by forming a thin alginate film on an inert matrix, achieved rapid adsorption equilibrium within 10 min. Adsorbed metals were readily removed from the alginate gel‐based adsorbents using eluents such as HNO 3 and could be reused for up to 10 adsorption–desorption cycles without marked loss of metal uptake capacity. Alginate gel‐coated adsorbents could be prepared in a dried state and have great application potential for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Scaling Studies of a Millimeter Wave Backward Wave Oscillator (2018)

A scaling study was carried out in order to create a systematic approach for designing backward wave oscillators (BWOs). The dimensions of the BWO were chosen first for single mode operation. A rectangular slow wave structure (SWS) with a tubular electron beam was used to increase the interaction impedance. The rectangular SWS can be fabricated more easily than a sinusoidal one. X-band to E-band BWO scaling was investigated where kilowatts of power were produced. In addition, a millimeter wave overmoded BWO was designed to generate megawatts of power at 78 GHz. The oversized structure was proposed to increase the power handling capability of the BWO. The diameter of the electromagnetic structure was increased to several times the free space wavelength. Mode selection was explored in particle-in cell-simulations in order to avoid mode competition.
Comparison Between Metallic and Inorganic Hard Masks Used for Advanced Porous Low-k Patterning (2005)

International audience
Influence of radioactivity out of the field of view on 3D PET dynamic measurement with [/sup 11/C]MP4A (1999)

This study assessed the influence of radioactivity out of the field of view (out-of-FOV) on the measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with the tracer [/sup 11/C]N-methyl-4-piperidyl-acetate by positron emission tomography in three-dimensional mode. Dynamic scans on a volunteer showed that the out-of-FOV radioactivity in the chest was much higher than that of the brain immediately after tracer injection. A representative phantom measurement was performed to quantitate the systematic errors due to the out-of-FOV radioactivity. Resultant errors in the AChE activity (k3 parameter) as calculated by compartment model analysis were found to be less than one percent in all of the brain regions studied.
Faster analysis of microwave engineering problems with multithread FDTD multiprocessor PCs (2002)

Two multithread FDTD algorithms have been developed, and their applicability to faster analysis of microwave engineering problems has been demonstrated. MS-FDTD is based on low-order spatial decomposition and subcircuit calculations on separate processors. MF-FDTD performs parallel updating of the three orthogonal field components. The algorithms have been tested on 2- and 4-processor PC, where speed-up factors of 1.5 and 2.1 have been obtained for MF-FDTD and 1.5-1.7 for MS-FDTD respectively.
Photorefractive Holograms In LiNbO3 With Multiple Trapping Species (1990)

We have observed in certain LiNbO 3 samples that the diffraction efficiency of sufficiently strong volume holograms may increase substantially before eventually decaying when illuminated with a uniform, non-Bragg matched beam. Such an increase is not predicted by the single trap version of Kuktarev’s band transport equations, nor can it be attributed to two wave mixing effects. We believe that the increase is due to the presence of multiple photo-active species in the crystal. In this paper we describe our experimental results and attempt to explain them using a multiple trap band transport theory. Such a theory was first described by Valley [1]. Our analysis differs from [1] in the assumed initial conditions. Specifically, we assume, and observe experimentally, that the temporal derivative of the space charge field is positive at the beginning of the erasure process. We also consider the implications of this effect for multiple hologram storage and adaptive holography.
Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among foreign-born persons living in the United States by country of origin (2011)

Estimates of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the United States differ significantly, and the contribution of foreign-born (FB) persons has not been adequately described. The aim of this study was to estimate the number of FB persons in the United States living with CHB by their country of origin. We performed a systematic review for reports of HBsAg seroprevalence rates in 102 countries (covering PubMed from 1980 to July 2010). Data from 1,373 articles meeting inclusion criteria were extracted into country-specific databases. We identified 256 seroprevalence surveys in emigrants from 52 countries (including 689,078 persons) and 1,797 surveys in the general populations of 98 countries (including 17,861,035 persons). Surveys including individuals with lower or higher risk of CHB than the general population were excluded. Data were combined using meta-analytic methods to determine country-specific pooled CHB prevalence rates. Rates were multiplied by the number of FB living in the United States in 2009 by country of birth from the U.S. Census Bureau to yield the number of FB with CHB from each country. We estimate a total of 1.32 million (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.61) FB in the United States living with CHB in 2009; 58% migrated from Asia and 11% migrated from Africa, where hepatitis B is highly endemic. Approximately 7% migrated from Central America, a region with lower CHB rates, but many more emigrants to the United States. This analysis suggests that the number of FB persons living with CHB in the United States may be significantly greater than previously reported. Assuming 300,000-600,000 U.S.-born persons with CHB, the total prevalence of CHB in the United States may be as high as 2.2 million.
Bonding and oxidation protection of Ti${_2}$AlC and Cr${_2}$AlC for a Ni-based Superalloy (2019)

Alumina forming, oxidation and thermal shock resistant MAX phases are of a high interest for high temperature applications. Herein we report, on bonding and resulting interactions between a Ni-based superalloy, NSA, and two alumina forming MAX phases. The diffusion couples Cr${_2}$AlC/Inconel-718/Ti${_2}$AlC were assembled and heated to 1000 or 1100°C in a vacuum hot press under loads corresponding to stresses of either 2 MPa or 20 MPa. The resulting interfaces were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Good bonding between Cr${_2}$AlC and NSA was achieved after hot pressing at 1000°C and a contact pressure of only 2 MPa; in the case of Ti${_2}$AlC a higher temperature (1100°C) and pressure (20 MPa) were needed. In both cases, a diffusion bond was realized with no evidence of interfacial damage or cracking after cooling to room temperature. Twenty thermal cycles from room temperature to 1000°C showed that Ti${_2}$AlC is a poor oxidation barrier for Inconel-718. However, in the case of Cr${_2}$AlC no cracks, delamination nor surface degradation were observed, suggesting that this material could be used to protect Inconel-718 from oxidation.
Over 10 Gbps/ch compact active interposer module for high-speed and high-density chip level optical interconnects (2004)

This paper presents prototype demonstration of the fabricated active interposer module. The fabricated active interposer is composed of 32 ch transmitter and 32 ch receiver, built on a compact interposer substrate, each of them alternately arranged eight by eight channels with an optical I/O port having a pigtail ribbon fiber. The transmitter unit is comprised of a pair of 4 ch VCSEL array flip chip bonded onto a waveguide coupler of the I/O port and a pair of 4 ch driver IC mounted on the interposer substrate. The receiver unit is similarly constructed. This device has potential application to future high performance chip level optical interconnects over 10 Gbps/ch.
Epigenetic regulation of the Wnt signaling inhibitorDACT2in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

DACT2 (Dapper, Dishevelled-associated antagonist of β-catenin homolog 2) is a member of the DACT family involved in the regulation of embryonic development. Human DACT2 is localized on 6q27, a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity in human cancers. However, the regulation of DACT2 expression and function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, genetic and epigenetic changes of DACT2 were analyzed in HCC cell lines and primary cancer. We found no single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with HCC. Promoter region methylation was correlated with loss or reduction of DACT2 expression, and restoration of DACT2 expression was induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) in HCC cell lines. Promoter region methylation was found in 54.84% of primary HCC. Reduction of DACT2 expression was associated with promoter hypermethylation, and expression of DACT2 was inversely related to β-catenin expression in primary HCC. DACT2 suppressed cell proliferation, induced G 2-M arrest in cell lines and inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. The transcriptional activity of TCF-4 and the expression of Wnt signaling downstream genes were suppressed by DACT2 re-expression and reactivated by depletion of DACT2. In conclusion, DACT2 is frequently methylated in HCC and its expression is regulated by promoter hypermethylation. DACT2 suppresses HCC by inhibiting Wnt signaling in human HCC.
LER: the light endoscope robot (2004)

LER is a compact surgical assistant robot for positioning of an endoscope and camera during minimally invasive surgery. In contrast to typical endoscope manipulators, LER is particularly compact and lightweight at 625 g and 110 mm in diameter, so that it is simple to set up and use, occupies no floor space, and does not limit access to the patient in any way. Our current prototype is fully sterilizeable by autoclave and is ready for clinical trials. It features a full motion range of 360/spl deg/ in rotation and inclination to 10/spl deg/ from the horizontal plane and is backdriveable for manual positioning. Actuation forces are limited for safety. LER may be held in place on the abdomen by adhesive strips or sutures, or attached to the sides of the table with elastic straps or clamps. We have implemented a variety of different user command interfaces for LER, including a miniature keypad, automatic optical instrument motion tracking, and voice command recognition. Experimental trajectory following results and performance parameters are given.
Thickness Mapping of Eleven Retinal Layers Segmented Using the Diffusion Maps Method in Normal Eyes (2015)

This study was conducted to determine the thickness map of eleven retinal layers in normal subjects by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and evaluate their association with sex and age. Mean regional retinal thickness of 11 retinal layers was obtained by automatic three-dimensional diffusion map based method in 112 normal eyes of 76 Iranian subjects. We applied our previously reported 3D intraretinal fast layer segmentation which does not require edge-based image information but rather relies on regional image texture. The thickness maps are compared among 9 macular sectors within 3 concentric circles as defined by ETDRS. The thickness map of central foveal area in layers 1, 3, and 4 displayed the minimum thickness. Maximum thickness was observed in nasal to the fovea of layer 1 and in a circular pattern in the parafoveal retinal area of layers 2, 3, and 4 and in central foveal area of layer 6. Temporal and inferior quadrants of the total retinal thickness and most of other quadrants of layer 1 were significantly greater in the men than in the women. Surrounding eight sectors of total retinal thickness and a limited number of sectors in layers 1 and 4 significantly correlated with age.
Atmospheric In situ Arsenic-Doped SiGe Selective Epitaxial Growth for Raised-Extension N-type Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (2007)

We have investigated the AsH3 and GeH4 flow rate dependences of As concentration and growth rate for atmospheric in situ As-doped SiGe selective epitaxial growth. A high As concentration of 3.2×1019 atoms/cm3 and a high growth rate of 13 nm/min were achieved for Si0.79Ge0.21 selective epitaxial growth. The good selectivity was confirmed, and the epitaxial film showed high crystalline quality, a smooth surface and an abrupt change in the dopant profile at the interface. These results were interpreted in terms of the suppression of As surface segregation and the enhancement of As diffusion due to Ge incorporation in Si growth.
Generation of Recombinant Antibodies to Rat GABAA Receptor Subunits by Affinity Selection on Synthetic Peptides (2014)

The abundance and physiological importance of GABAA receptors in the central nervous system make this neurotransmitter receptor an attractive target for localizing diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecules. GABAA receptors are expressed within the retina and mediate synaptic signaling at multiple stages of the visual process. To generate monoclonal affinity reagents that can specifically recognize GABAA receptor subunits, we screened two bacteriophage M13 libraries, which displayed human scFvs, by affinity selection with synthetic peptides predicted to correspond to extracellular regions of the rat α1 and β2 GABAA subunits. We isolated three anti-β2 and one anti-α1 subunit specific scFvs. Fluorescence polarization measurements revealed all four scFvs to have low micromolar affinities with their cognate peptide targets. The scFvs were capable of detecting fully folded GABAA receptors heterologously expressed by Xenopus laevis oocytes, while preserving ligand-gated channel activity. Moreover, A10, the anti-α1 subunit-specific scFv, was capable of detecting native GABAA receptors in the mouse retina, as observed by immunofluorescence staining. In order to improve their apparent affinity via avidity, we dimerized the A10 scFv by fusing it to the Fc portion of the IgG. The resulting scFv-Fc construct had a Kd of ∼26 nM, which corresponds to an approximately 135-fold improvement in binding, and a lower detection limit in dot blots, compared to the monomeric scFv. These results strongly support the use of peptides as targets for generating affinity reagents to membrane proteins and encourage investigation of molecular conjugates that use scFvs as anchoring components to localize reagents of interest at GABAA receptors of retina and other neural tissues, for studies of receptor activation and subunit structure.