gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The value of high-resolution imaging in an occult peroneal intraneural ganglion cyst: illustrative case (2022)

Intraneural ganglion cysts can be small or nearly invisible and failure to appreciate the intraneural cyst can lead to symptom or cyst persistence or recurrence. High-resolution modalities can be useful in the diagnosis and surgical planning of difficult cases.
The Right Dorsal Premotor Mosaic: Organization, Functions, and Connectivity (2016)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 169032.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
Joint diagonalization applied to the detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance (2012)

ABSTRACT Efforts to discriminate buried unexploded ordnance from harmless surrounding clutter are often hampered by the uncertainty in the number of buried targets that produce a given detected signal. We present a technique that helps determine that number with no need for data inversion. The procedure is based on the joint diagonalization of a set of multistatic response (MSR) matrices measured at different time gates by a time-domain electromagnetic induction sensor. In particular, we consider the Naval Research Laboratory’s Time-Domain Electromagnetic Multisensor Towed Array Detection System (TEMTADS), which consists of a 5×5 square grid of concentric transmitter/receiver pairs. The diagonalization process itself generalizes one of the standard procedures for extracting the eigenvalues of a single matrix; in terms of execution time, it is comparable to diagonalizing the matrices one by one. We present the method, discuss and illustrate its mathematical basis and physical meaning, and apply it to several actual measurements carried out with TEMTADS at a test stand and in the field at the former Camp Butner in North Carolina. We find that each target in a measurement is associated with a set of nonzero time-dependent MSR eigenvalues (usually three), which enables estimation of the number of targets interrogated. These eigenvalues have a characteristic shape as a function of time that does not change with the location and orientation of the target relative to the sensor. We justify analytically and empirically that symmetric targets have pairs of eigenvalues with constant ratios between them.
Research on snow and ice (1979)

It seems to us that it would be arrogant to claim that this review contained everything of importance, nothing that was unimportant, with everything in proper balance in the complex and diverse fields which comprise the study of snow and ice. The best we can claim is that we tried to accomplish those objectives. Since this is to be a review of scientific research, most of the engineering studies were left out. In many cases, the decision was a difficult one, and each author drew the line somewhat differently in his section. Much of the basic research is inspired by practical problems and because of the complexities involved in dealing with snow and ice, many of the engineering studies are forced into basic research on one or another aspect of their problems. We therefore warn that people who want to delve deeply into some topic should also consult some of the engineering oriented sources.
Stellar parameter determination from photometry using invertible neural networks (2020)

ABSTRACT Photometric surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) allow us to study stellar populations with high-resolution and deep coverage, with estimates of the physical parameters of the constituent stars being typically obtained by comparing the survey data with adequate stellar evolutionary models. This is a highly non-trivial task due to effects such as differential extinction, photometric errors, low filter coverage, or uncertainties in the stellar evolution calculations. These introduce degeneracies that are difficult to detect and break. To improve this situation, we introduce a novel deep learning approach, called conditional invertible neural network (cINN), to solve the inverse problem of predicting physical parameters from photometry on an individual star basis and to obtain the full posterior distributions. We build a carefully curated synthetic training data set derived from the PARSEC stellar evolution models to predict stellar age, initial/current mass, luminosity, effective temperature, and surface gravity. We perform tests on synthetic data from the MIST and Dartmouth models, and benchmark our approach on HST data of two well-studied stellar clusters, Westerlund 2 and NGC 6397. For the synthetic data, we find overall excellent performance, and note that age is the most difficult parameter to constrain. For the benchmark clusters, we retrieve reasonable results and confirm previous findings for Westerlund 2 on cluster age ($1.04_{-0.90}^{+8.48}\, \mathrm{Myr}$), mass segregation, and the stellar initial mass function. For NGC 6397, we recover plausible estimates for masses, luminosities, and temperatures, however, discrepancies between stellar evolution models and observations prevent an acceptable recovery of age for old stars.
Multilevel coding strategy for two-hop single-user networks (2008)

In this paper, a two-hop network in which the information is transmitted from a source via a relay to a destination is considered. It is assumed that both channels are quasi-static fading and all nodes are equipped with a single antenna. The knowledge of the channel for each transmission hop is only available at the corresponding receiver. The relay is assumed to be simple, i.e., not capable of data buffering over multiple coding blocks or rescheduling tasks. Considering a continuum of multilevel codes at both of the source and the relay, in conjunction with decode and forward strategy, we present a scheme to optimally allocate the available source and relay powers to different levels of their multilevel codes. Assuming Rayleigh fading, the performance of this scheme is also evaluated and compared with the previously known strategies.
Full stabilization and control of an integrated photonics optical frequency synthesizer (2017)

We demonstrate a frequency-stabilized, dual-Kerr microcomb that guides an integrated Vernier-laser optical frequency synthesizer, all derived from an RF clock. The synthesizer's stability is <10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> /τ with Hz-level tuning resolution across a 32 nm tuning range.
Human immunocompetent choroid-on-chip: a novel tool for studying ocular effects of biological drugs (2022)

Disorders of the eye leading to visual impairment are a major issue that affects millions of people. On the other side ocular toxicities were described for e.g. molecularly targeted therapies in oncology and may hamper their development. Current ocular model systems feature a number of limitations affecting human-relevance and availability. To find new options for pharmacological treatment and assess mechanisms of toxicity, hence, novel complex model systems that are human-relevant and readily available are urgently required. Here, we report the development of a human immunocompetent Choroid-on-Chip (CoC), a human cell-based in vitro model of the choroid layer of the eye integrating melanocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, covered by a layer of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Immunocompetence is achieved by perfusion of peripheral immune cells. We demonstrate controlled immune cell recruitment into the stromal compartments through a vascular monolayer and in vivo-like cytokine release profiles. To investigate applicability for both efficacy testing of immunosuppressive compounds as well as safety profiling of immunoactivating antibodies, we exposed the CoCs to cyclosporine and tested CD3 bispecific antibodies.
Molecular cloning and immunolocalization of a diuretic hormone receptor in rice brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ) (2004)

RNA extracted from guts of rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, was used to clone cDNA predicted to encode a diuretic hormone receptor (DHR). The DHR, a member of the calcitonin/secretin/corticotropin-releasing factor family of G-protein-coupled receptors, contains seven transmembrane domains and a large N-terminal extracellular domain potentially involved in hormone binding. The N-terminal domain was expressed as a recombinant protein, purified and used to raise antibodies. Anti-DHR IgG bound specifically to Malpighian tubules in immunolocalization experiments using dissected guts, and to a putative DHR polypeptide from N. lugens gut on Western blots. Anti-DHR IgG delivered orally to insects was not detected in the haemolymph, and showed no binding to gut or tubules, confirming that DHR N-terminal hormone-binding domain is not exposed to the gut lumen.
Enantioselektive Synthese von Helicaten auf Bipyridin‐Kupfer(I)‐Basis durch den Templateffekt eines chiralen Sekundärstrukturelements: Übertragung von stereochemischer Information im Nanometerbereich (1996)

Die Händigkeit helicaler Polybipyridin‐Metallkomplexe kann, wie unten schematisch dargestellt, mit Templaten induziert werden. Als Templat dient ein stereochemisch aktives Strukturelement, das beide Helixstränge an einem Ende verbindet und somit dafür sorgt, daß die stereochemische Information über größere Distanzen transportiert wird. magnified image
Human Calcitonin gene regulation by helix-loop-nelix recognition sequences (1992)

Human calcitonin (CT) gene transcription is regulated by proximal 5' flanking sequences which mediate cAMP-induced expression, and by a distal basal enhancer region. Using transient expression of CT-CAT constructs, we showed that the basal enhancer is active in a CT-producing small cell lung cancer cell line (DMS53) and the thyroid C cell derived tumor line, TT, but is inactive in non-CT-producing cell lines. In deletional and direct mutational analyses of the distal enhancer region, disruption of two elements resembling recognition sequences for the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcriptional regulatory proteins resulted in a significant loss of basal transcriptional enhancer action. These results suggest that HLH recognition motifs may mediate a significant portion of constitutive CT gene transcriptional activity in these cells. Nuclear protein extracts from DMS53 cells formed specific binding complexes with oligonucleotides containing two of these candidate enhancer sequences. However, proteins capable of binding to these CT gene HLH consensus recognition sites were not restricted to CT-producing cells. We conclude that members of the HLH protein family, some expressed ubiquitously and some expressed or activated in a tissue-restricted fashion, may combine to enhance CT gene transcription in tumor cells of neuroendocrine derivation.
Personalized treatment strategies for elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (2017)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenia, and their possible transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They typically affect the elderly but, when making treatment decisions, considering chronological age may be insufficient because it poorly correlates with patient frailty: the challenge is to select the optimal treatment in these patients by balancing efficacy and toxicity. Areas covered: This review discusses the rationale for and methods of personalizing the treatment of elderly MDS patients. Expert commentary: Decisions concerning treatment strategies for elderly MDS patients should be made after assessing their frailty on the basis of a geriatric assessment and an estimate of age-adjusted life expectancy. We suggest that all elderly MDS patients should undergo a timed up and go test (TUGT) as a preliminary means of identifying frail patients, and that all non-frail patients should then undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in order to distinguish fit and pre-frail patients. Fit patients should receive standard dose treatment; pre-frail patients should receive individualized therapy; and frail patients should receive symptom-related therapy. A repeated CGA may be useful to evaluate the hematological, cognitive and socio-relational effects of MDS treatment.
Nanostructured robust cobalt metal alloy based anode electro-catalysts exhibiting remarkably high performance and durability for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2015)

Nanostructured Co<sub>1−x</sub>(Ir<sub>x</sub>) (<italic>x</italic>= 0.3, 0.4) exhibits excellent electrochemical activity and stability for HOR in PEMFCs.
Commentary: Relation Between Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity for Human Arteries (2019)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Physiol., 12 September 2019Sec. Computational Physiology and Medicine Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01179
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (2002)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY: ABSTRACTS1 Aug 2002Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64793-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy." The Journal of Urology, 168(2), p. 872 © 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 168Issue 2August 2002Page: 872 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Supplementary Figure 1 from Upregulation of ER Signaling as an Adaptive Mechanism of Cell Survival in HER2-Positive Breast Tumors Treated with Anti-HER2 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Lapatinib clinical trial scheme&lt;/p&gt;
FR171456 is a specific inhibitor of mammalian NSDHL and yeast Erg26p (2015)

FR171456 is a natural product with cholesterol-lowering properties in animal models, but its molecular target is unknown, which hinders further drug development. Here we show that FR171456 specifically targets the sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate-3-dehydrogenase (Saccharomyces cerevisiae--Erg26p, Homo sapiens--NSDHL (NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like)), an essential enzyme in the ergosterol/cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. FR171456 significantly alters the levels of cholesterol pathway intermediates in human and yeast cells. Genome-wide yeast haploinsufficiency profiling experiments highlight the erg26/ERG26 strain, and multiple mutations in ERG26 confer resistance to FR171456 in growth and enzyme assays. Some of these ERG26 mutations likely alter Erg26 binding to FR171456, based on a model of Erg26. Finally, we show that FR171456 inhibits an artificial Hepatitis C viral replicon, and has broad antifungal activity, suggesting potential additional utility as an anti-infective. The discovery of the target and binding site of FR171456 within the target will aid further development of this compound.
Validation of a Monte Carlo prediction model for portal images using PENELOPE (2010)

In external beam radiotherapy, dosimetric verification is usually performed by comparing dose images provided by EPIDs with predicted images computed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The goal of the present study is to develop a portal prediction model with the MC code PENELOPE and validate it against experiment. Experimental images were acquired at 12 MV using a Saturne 43 accelerator and a fluoroscopic Lynx2D EPID (SDD = 150 cm), for 4´4, 10´10 and 15´15 cm² open fields, and both without and with a 30´30´30 cm3 water phantom in the beam. 
The accelerator and the EPID were simulated with PENELOPE. Two EPID models were implemented, one describing in details the geometry and the other being a simplified model, composed of three layers (copper, GOS and water). The water layer simulated the backscatter within the EPID and its thickness had to be adjusted. The best EPID model was found to be the simplified model including an 8 cm thick backscatter compartment. This model was then used to compute portal images with and without the
water phantom in the beam and the simulated and acquired images were compared using the g-analysis. g-index values less than 1 were obtained for 96% of the pixels for fields of 10x10 cm² or less and for 90% of the pixels for larger field sizes. These results exhibit that a simple MC EPID model allows predicting accurately portal images for open fields, with and without object in the beam, and that PENELOPE is a reliable tool for this purpose.
Spatially Resolved Transport Properties of Pristine and Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks (2013)

We use noninvasive atomic force microscopy to probe the spatial electrical conductivity of isolated junctions of pristine and nitric acid treated single-walled carbon nanotube networks (SWCNT-N). By analyzing the local IV curves of SWCNTs and bundles with various diameters, the resistance per unit length and the contact resistance of their junctions are estimated to be 3–16 kΩ/μm and 29–532 kΩ, respectively. We find that the contact resistance decreases with increasing SWCNT or bundle diameter and depends on the contact morphology, reaching a value of 29 kΩ at a diameter of 10 nm. A nitric acid treatment moderately dopes SWCNTs and reduces their average contact resistance by a factor of 3 while the resistance of the nanotubes remains largely unaltered. Remarkably, the same treatment on an SWCNT-N shows similar reduction in the sheet resistance by a factor of 4. These results suggest that the resistance reduction mechanism is related to the contact modulation with no major impact on conductance of SWCNTs.
Chylomicrons Regulate Lacteal Permeability and Intestinal Lipid Absorption (2023)

Our results reveal that antagonistic inputs into ROCK-dependent cytoskeleton contractions regulate the interconversion of lymphatic junctions in the intestine and in other tissues, providing a tunable mechanism to control the lymphatic barrier.
Design of a Size-reduced RFID Dual-UHF-Band Reader Antenna (2013)

In this paper, a size-reduction technique is presented for the RFID reader antenna working at two UHF bands. To tackle the problem of size increase in multi-band applications, two resonance paths are made to occur in one geometry with a single feed. While one resonance path is combined with the other, the entire geometry is determined to guarantee the resonance at the target frequencies through the dual-band input impedance matching. The antenna performance is predicted by the full-wave simulation, and the design method is verified by observing the good agreement between the simulated and measured results. At the two frequencies, the satisfactory return loss as well as the antenna efficiency and peak gain of the far-field pattern is obtained.
Data from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Existing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methods lack the sensitivity needed for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) following therapy. We developed a test for tracking hundreds of patient-specific mutations to detect MRD with a 1,000-fold lower error rate than conventional sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We compared the sensitivity of our approach to digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) in a dilution series, then retrospectively identified two cohorts of patients who had undergone prospective plasma sampling and clinical data collection: 16 patients with ER+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (MBC) sampled within 6 months following metastatic diagnosis and 142 patients with stage 0 to III breast cancer who received curative-intent treatment with most sampled at surgery and 1 year postoperative. We performed whole-exome sequencing of tumors and designed individualized MRD tests, which we applied to serial cfDNA samples.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Our approach was 100-fold more sensitive than ddPCR when tracking 488 mutations, but most patients had fewer identifiable tumor mutations to track in cfDNA (median = 57; range = 2–346). Clinical sensitivity was 81% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13/16) in newly diagnosed MBC, 23% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7/30) at postoperative and 19% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6/32) at 1 year in early-stage disease, and highest in patients with the most tumor mutations available to track. MRD detection at 1 year was strongly associated with distant recurrence [HR = 20.8; 95% confidence interval, 7.3–58.9]. Median lead time from first positive sample to recurrence was 18.9 months (range = 3.4–39.2 months).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Tracking large numbers of individualized tumor mutations in cfDNA can improve MRD detection, but its sensitivity is driven by the number of tumor mutations available to track.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fill‐rate service level constrained distribution network design (2023)

Abstract The design of distribution networks that simultaneously consider location and inventory decisions seeks to balance costs and product availability. The most commonly observed measure of product availability in practical settings is the fill‐rate service level. However, the optimal design of a distribution network that considers the fill rate to control shortages of fast‐moving consumer goods (FMCG) is considered intractable and has only been addressed by heuristic methods. This paper addresses the optimal design of a distribution network for FMCG able to provide high fill‐rate service level under a continuous review policy. Considering the exact formulation for the provided fill rate, we formulated a joint location–inventory model with fill‐rate service level constraints as a convex mixed integer nonlinear problem for which a novel decomposition‐based outer approximation algorithm is proposed. Numerical experiments have shown that our solution approach provides good‐quality solutions that are on average 0.15% and, at worst, 2.2% from the optimal solution.
Does tachyphylaxis occur in long‐term management of scalp seborrheic dermatitis with pyrithione zinc‐based treatments? (2008)

No evidence for tachyphylaxis in SD/D treatment by PTZ-based shampoos was found. Compliance could explain the decreasing response rate seen over time; the solution is to choose an affordable therapeutic product that is effective long term without cosmetic trade-offs.
High-Affinity RNA Ligands to Escherichia coli Ribosomes and Ribosomal Protein S1: Comparison of Natural and Unnatural Binding Sites (1995)

High-affinity RNA ligands were generated against intact 30S ribosomes, S1-depleted 30S ribosomes, and purified ribosomal protein S1. Sequence analysis indicated two classes of ligand: unstructured RNAs containing a Shine-Dalgarno sequence and structured RNAs containing a pseudoknot. The Shine-Dalgarno-containing ligands were generated against S1-depleted 30S ribosomes but, surprisingly, not against intact 30S ribosomes or ribosomal protein S1. In contrast, pseudoknot-containing ligands were generated against intact ribosomes as well as purified S1 protein. The two classes of ligand exhibited specificity for their respective targets, as well as conserved sequence and secondary structure reminiscent of naturally occurring, cis-acting mRNA elements.