gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Lofexidine‐Like Discriminative Effects of the Primary Kratom Alkaloid Mitragynine in Rats (2021)

The primary kratom alkaloid mitragynine has received attention due to its µ‐opioid receptor (MOR) activity; however, the antinociceptive effects of mitragynine in mice were blocked by the adrenergic‐α2 receptor (Aα2R) antagonist idazoxan. Here we examined the Aα2R pharmacology of mitragynine with radioligand receptor binding in human cell membranes and drug discrimination, the hot plate test (antinociception), and measurement of rectal temperature (hypothermia) in rats. The affinity of mitragynine at human MOR (Ki=706 nM) was 2‐ to 10‐fold higher than its affinity at other opioid (k and d) and adrenergic (a2A and a2C) receptors. In rats discriminating mitragynine (32mg/kg, i.p.) from vehicle, MOR agonists (morphine, fentanyl, and methadone), Aα2R agonists (lofexidine and clonidine), and Aα2R antagonists (yohimbine and atipamezole) produced up to 84%, 74%, and 40% drug‐lever responding, respectively. In rats discriminating lofexidine (0.032 mg/kg, i.p.) from vehicle, the Aα2R agonists (lofexidine and clonidine), mitragynine, Aα2R antagonists (yohimbine and atipamezole), and morphine produced up to 97%, 95%, 7.1%, and 7.3% drug‐lever responding, respectively. In rats discriminating morphine (3.2mg/kg, i.p.) from vehicle, MOR agonists (morphine, fentanyl, and methadone) produced at least 98% drug‐lever responding, and mitragynine produced up to 72% drug‐lever responding. The Aα2R agonists (lofexidine and clonidine) and antagonists (yohimbine and atipamezole) produced a maximum of 30% drug‐lever responding. The full substitution of mitragynine for lofexidine was pharmacologically specific. In rats discriminating the cannabinoid receptor agonist D9‐THC (3.2mg/kg, i.p.) from vehicle, another cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55,940, mitragynine, and morphine produced up to 99%, 23%, and 18.4% drug‐lever responding, respectively. In the hotplate (52°C) test, the MOR agonists (morphine, fentanyl, and methadone) produced at least 90 % maximum possible effects, whereas MG was ineffective. Aα2R agonists (lofexidine and clonidine) produced up to 63% maximum possible effects, and the Aα2R antagonists (yohimbine and atipamezole) produced up to 85% maximum possible effects. The cannabinoid receptor agonists (D9‐THC and CP55,940) produced up to 67% maximum possible effects. Rectal temperature was decreased by 0.3°C for the MOR agonists, 1.0°C for Mitragynine, up to 4.8°C for the Aα2R agonists, up to 3.4°C for the Aα2R antagonists, and up to 3.8°C for the cannabinoid receptor agonists. Atipamezole antagonized the discriminative stimulus effects of mitragynine as well as lofexidine but not the discriminative or antinociceptive effects of morphine. Both lofexidine and clonidine potentiated mitragynine discrimination but not the discriminative or antinociceptive effects of morphine. These results suggest that mitragynine exerts its in vivo effects via dual agonism at µ‐opioid and adrenergic‐α2 receptors.
High-reliability SpaceWire engine implemented on the SOISOC3 microprocessor: Components, short paper (2016)

SOISOC3 is our new space-grade system-on-chip processor which is currently being developed by MHI in partnership with JAXA. The chip is implemented on a 200 nm radiation hardened process based on the commercial SOI (Silicon On Insulator), so that can apply to the Space missions. This is the next generation system-on-chip processor upgraded from the currentSOISOC2 chip already used for ASTRO-H, ERG satellites, etc. SOISOC3 has a high-reliability SpaceWire engine, which MHI has developed, supporting for incoming SpaceWire standards for deterministic data delivery (SpaceWire-D), reliable data transfer service (SpaceWire-R), as well as high performance Remote Memory Access Protocol (RMAP) with Direct Memory Access (DMA) engine through a SpaceWire router. The SpaceWire engine is capable of acting as an RMAP initiator, target, or as a general purpose packet transmitter and receiver. Our developed SpaceWire-D and SpaceWire-R engine is mainly performed on hardware, and can achieve high accuracy scheduling and high performance, with less CPU load. We'll introduce the outline and current status of our development with an prototype evaluation board exhibited at MHI booth.
Media use, attention, mental health and academic performance among 8 to 12 year old children (2020)

The rise in digital media consumption, especially among children, raises the societal question of its impact on cognition, mental health and academic achievement. Here, we review the impact of three different ways of measuring technology use—total hours of media consumed, hours of video game play and number of media used concurrently—in a study surveying 156 eight-to-twelve year-old children. At stake is the question of whether different technology uses may have different effects, which could explain some of the past mixed findings.We collected data over three sessions relating to children’s media uses as well as (i) attentional and behavioral control abilities, (ii) psychological distress, psychosocial functioning, and sleep, and (iii) academic achievement and motivation. While attentional control abilities were assessed using both cognitive tests (D2, SART, BLAST) and questionnaires (mind-wandering; Connors), mental health and sleep were all questionnaire-based (K6, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire-SDQ, Sleep Quality/Quantity). Finally, academic performance was based on self-reported grades, with motivational variables being measured through the grit and the growth-mindset questionnaires. We present partial correlation analyses and construct a psychological network to assess the structural associations between different forms of media consumption and the three categories of measures.Our results are in line with those observed with adults: children consume large amounts of media and media multitask substantially. Partial correlation analyses show that media multitasking specifically was mostly correlated with negative mental health, while playing video games was associated with faster responding and better mental health. No significant partial correlations were observed for total hours on media. Psychological network analysis complement these first results by indicating that all three ways of consuming technology are only indirectly related to self-reported grades. Thus, technology uses appear to only indirectly relate to academic performance, while more directly affecting mental health.This work emphasizes the need to differentiate among technology uses when considering their impact on human behavior, It also highlights the importance of characterizing the variety of technology uses that need to be considered, if one is to understand how every day digital consumption impacts human behavior.
Beyond flat surface computing (2009)

In the past decade, multi-touch-sensitive interactive surfaces have transitioned from pure research prototypes in the lab, to commercial products with wide-spread adoption. One of the longer term visions of this research follows the idea of ubiquitous computing, where everyday surfaces in our environment are made interactive. However, most of current interfaces remain firmly tied to the traditional flat rectangular displays of the today's computers and while they benefit from the directness and the ease of use, they are often not much more than touch-enabled standard desktop interfaces. In this paper, we argue for explorations that transcend the traditional notion of the flat display, and envision interfaces that are curved, three-dimensional, or that cross the boundary between the digital and physical world. In particular, we present two research directions that explore this idea: (a) exploring the three-dimensional interaction space above the display and (b) enabling gestural and touch interactions on curved devices for novel interaction possibilities. To illustrate both of these, we draw examples from our own work and the work of others, and guide the reader through several case studies that highlight the challenges and benefits of such novel interfaces. The implications on media requirements and collaboration aspects are discussed in detail, and, whenever possible, we highlight promising directions of future research. We believe that the compelling application design for future non-flat user interfaces will greatly depend on exploiting the unique characteristics of the given form factor.
Near-Instantaneously Adaptive Cooperative Uplink Schemes Based on Space-Time Block Codes and V-Blast (2007)

In this paper we propose two adaptive schemes for improving the achievable bandwidth efficiency (BE) of cooperative diversity aided wireless networks. These schemes are capable of accommodating the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation of wireless systems by near-instantaneously adapting the uplink transmission configuration. Explicitly, the first adaptive transmission scheme is constituted by a novel reconfigurable four-antenna-aided cooperative uplink space-time block coded (STBC) structure designed for communicating with a base station (BS) equipped with a single receive antenna. By contrast, the second adaptive scheme is constituted by a reconfigurable cooperative uplink vertical Bell Labs layered space time (V-BLAST)-like architecture constituted by single-antenna-aided mobiles communicating with a BS equipped with multiple receive antennas. Our results demonstrate that significant effective BE improvements can be achieved by both systems, while maintaining a target bit-error-ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . Explicitly, when neglecting the Nyquist excess bandwidth, the first system is capable of attaining an effective BE varying between 0.316 bits/sec/Hz and 2.18 bits/sec/Hz, while the second has a BE varying between 2 bits/sec/Hz and 8 bits/sec/Hz.
Folate-conjugated crosslinked biodegradable micelles for receptor-mediated delivery of paclitaxel (2011)

The poor stability of micellar drug delivery systems in vivo due to large volume dilution and interactions with blood pool often leads to premature drug release with low targetability and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed folate-conjugated interfacially crosslinked biodegradable micelles consisting of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acryloyl carbonate)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (PEG-PAC-PLA) and folate-PEG-PLA (FA-PEG-PLA) block copolymers for receptor-mediated delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) into KB cells. Micelles with varying amounts of folate ligands were prepared at 0–20 wt.% of FA-PEG-PLA. The resulting micelles, either with or without PTX loading, were readily crosslinked by UV irradiation. The crosslinked micelles had much smaller sizes and better stability as compared to the non-crosslinked controls. Notably, these micelles achieved high drug loading efficiencies of 70–88% at an initial PTX loading content of 10 wt.%. The in vitro release studies revealed that crosslinked micelles exhibited significantly inhibited PTX release at low micelle concentrations. MTT assays in KB cells showed that the crosslinked micelles were non-toxic while the toxicity of PTX-loaded micelles, either crosslinked or non-crosslinked, increased with increasing folate contents. Remarkably, at 12 h incubation time folate-decorated PTX-loaded crosslinked micelles composed of 20 wt.% of FA-PEG-PLA displayed markedly higher toxicity to KB cells than free PTX (33% versus 50% cell viability), which is most likely due to their much more efficient cellular uptake through FA receptor-mediated endocytosis. Flow cytometry studies showed that folate-decorated FITC-labeled crosslinked micelles were much more efficiently taken up by KB cells than controls without folate ligands. These results indicate that ligand-conjugated interfacially crosslinked PEG-PLA micelles have great potential in targeted cancer therapy.
Fat composition in infant formula contributes to the severity of necrotising enterocolitis (2018)

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that typically affects formula-fed premature infants, suggesting that dietary components may influence disease pathogenesis. TAG are the major fat components of infant formula, and their digestion requires pancreatic lipases, which may be naturally deficient in premature neonates. We hypothesise that NEC develops partly from the accumulation of incompletely digested long-chain TAG-containing unsaturated fatty acids within the intestinal epithelial cells, leading to oxidative stress and enterocyte damage. We further hypothesise that the administration of a formula that contains reduced TAG ('pre-digested fat') that do not require lipase action may reduce NEC severity. To test these hypotheses, we induced NEC in neonatal mice using three different fat formulations, namely 'standard fat', 'pre-digested fat' or 'very low fat', and determined that mice fed 'standard fat' developed severe NEC, which was significantly reduced in mice fed 'pre-digested fat' or 'very low fat'. The expression level of the critical fat-digesting enzyme carboxyl ester lipase was significantly lower in the newborn compared with older pups, leading to impaired fat digestion. The accumulation of mal-digested fat resulted in the significant accumulation of fat droplets within the intestinal epithelium of the distal ileum, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species and intestinal inflammation. Strikingly, these changes were prevented in pups fed 'pre-digested fat' or 'very low fat' formulas. These findings suggest that nutritional formula containing a pre-digested fat system may overcome the natural lipase deficiency of the premature gut, and serve as a novel approach to prevent NEC.
N-[[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-ethanimidamide14 (2016)

[197075-60-8] C9H12N2O3S (MW 228.27) InChI = InChI=1S/C9H12N2O3S/c1-7-3-5-9(6-4-7)15(12,13)14-11-8(2)10/h3-6H,1-2H3,(H2,10,11) InChIKey = ATJHLRRHTHOZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (the title compound is a precursor of N-containing heterocycles such as 1,2,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole cores) Alternate Name: acetamide oxime tosylate. Physical Data: mp 88–90 °C (decomposition). Solubility: soluble in ethyl acetate; insoluble in isopropyl ether. Analysis of Reagent Purity: IR, 1H NMR (in CDCl3). Purification: recrystallization from isopropyl ether. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.
Synthesis, Duplex Stabilization and Structural Properties of a Fluorinated Carbocyclic LNA Analogue (2012)

DNA oligonucleotides modified with nucleoside monomers which have an electron withdrawing group (EWG) at the 2'-position of the furanose ring form more stable duplexes with complementary RNA as compared to unmodified DNA. Here we show that an anti-periplanar orientation of the nucleobase and the 2'-EWG is important for optimal duplex stabilization even for nucleic acid analogues with conformationally locked furanose rings.
Leveraging pre-silicon verification resources for the post-silicon validation of the IBM POWER7 processor (2011)

The growing importance of post-silicon validation in ensuring functional correctness of high-end designs has increased the need for synergy between the pre-silicon verification and post-silicon validation. This synergy starts with a common verification plan. It continues with common verification goals and shared tools and techniques. This paper describes our experience in improving this synergy in the pre- and post-silicon verification of IBM's POWER7 processor chip and by leveraging pre-silicon methodologies and techniques in the post-silicon validation of the chip.
White Matter Tract Pathology in Pediatric Anoxic Brain Injury from Drowning (2017)

These data particularly implicate the deep white matter, predominantly the posterior limbs of the internal capsule, as targets of damage in pediatric anoxic brain injury with drowning. The substantial involvement of motor-system tracts with relative sparing elsewhere is notable. These results localize white matter pathology and inform future diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Selective and Flexible Transformation of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals by a Multifunctional Catalytic System (2010)

A sustainable supply chain: The controlled transformation of the biomass-derived platform compounds levulinic acid (LA) and itaconic acid (IA) into the corresponding lactones, diols, or cyclic ethers (see picture) by using a multifunctional molecular catalyst is described.
Mycobacterial Protein HbhA Binds Human Complement Component C3 (2001)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium are facultative intracellular pathogens that are able to survive and replicate in mononuclear phagocytes. Human complement component C3 has previously been shown to mediate attachment and phagocytosis of these bacteria by mononuclear phagocytes. In this study, a C3 ligand affinity blot protocol was used to identify a 30-kDa C3-binding protein in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis and a 31-kDa C3-binding protein in M. avium. The C3-binding proteins in M. tuberculosis and M. avium localized to the cell membrane fraction and partitioned to the detergent fraction during Triton X-114 phase partitioning. The C3-binding protein from M. tuberculosis was partially purified using a cation exchange column and was shown to bind concanavalin A. The N terminus and an internal fragment of the partially purified C3-binding protein were subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. The resulting amino acid sequences matched the M. tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HbhA) protein. Recombinant full-length HbhA and the C terminus of HbhA fused to maltose-binding protein, but not recombinant HbhA lacking the C-terminal region, bound human C3. Recombinant full-length HbhA coated on polystyrene beads, was found to enhance the adherence and/or phagocytosis of the coated beads to J774.A1 cells in both the presence and absence of human serum. The presence of complement-sufficient serum increased the adherence of the HbhA-coated beads to the J774.A1 cells in a C3-dependent manner. If HbhA within the bacterial cell membrane functions similarly to isolated HbhA, this protein may enhance the adherence and phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis and M. avium to mononuclear phagocytes through the binding of C3 and interaction with C3 receptors on mononuclear phagocytes.
Hybrid Aligned Nematic Films with Horizontally Degenerated Boundary Conditions and Saddle-Splay Elastic Term (1991)

The elastic energy of topological points defects and strings connecting pairs of defects is discussed for the geometry of hybrid aligned nematic film with horizontally degenerated boundary conditions. Experimental determination of their structure enables to reach an estimation of the saddle-splay elastic constant.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Isoindolium Salts from 2‐Arylpyridines and Alkenes in Aqueous Medium under Oxygen (2016)

Abstract A highly regioselective synthesis of pyrido[2,1‐ a ]isoindolium salts from 2‐arylpyridines and two equivalents of electron‐deficient alkenes catalyzed by rhodium is demonstrated. The reaction was carried out in aqueous medium at 110 °C using inexpensive oxygen as oxidant. Reverse aza‐Michael addition of the isoindolium salt occurs when the salt was treated with base to give a β‐disubstituted alkene product. A reaction mechanism involving an ortho C–H olefination of 2‐arylpyridine by alkene, intramolecular aza‐Michael addition, deprotonation at the β‐carbon of the alkene fragment followed by another Michael addition to give the final product is proposed. magnified image
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair with a Fibrin Scaffold Containing Growth Factors and Autologous Progenitor Cells Derived From Humeral cBMA Improves Clinical Outcomes in High Risk Patients (2022)

Purpose To report the clinical outcomes after biologically augmented rotator cuff repair (RCR) with a fibrin scaffold derived from autologous whole blood and supplemented with concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) harvested at the proximal humerus. Methods Patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR with biologic augmentation using a fibrin clot scaffold (“Mega‐ Clot”) containing progenitor cells and growth factors from proximal humerus BMA and autologous whole blood between April 2015 and January 2018 were prospectively followed. Only high‐risk patients in primary and revision cases that possessed relevant comorbidities or physically demanding occupation were included. Minimum follow‐up for inclusion was 1 year. The visual analog score for pain (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE), and Constant‐Murley scores were collected preoperatively and at final follow‐up. In vitro analyses of the cBMA and fibrin clot using nucleated cell count, colony forming units, and live/dead assays were used to quantify the substrates. Results Thirteen patients (56.9 ± 7.7 years) were included. The mean follow‐up was 26.9 ± 17.7 months ( n = 13). There were significant improvements in all outcome scores from the preoperative to the postoperative state: VAS (5.6 ± 2.5 to 3.1 ± 3.2; P &lt; .001), ASES (42.0 ± 17.1 to 65.5 ± 30.6; P &lt; .001), SST (3.2 ± 2.8 to 6.5 ± 4.7; P = .002), SANE (11.5 ± 15.6 to 50.3 ± 36.5; P &lt; .001), and Constant‐Murley (38.9 ± 17.5 to 58.1 ± 26.3; P &lt; .001). Six patients (46%) had retears on postoperative MRI, despite all having improvements in pain and function except one. All failures were chronic rotator cuff tears, and all were revision cases except one (1.6 ± 0.5 previous RCRs). The representative sample of harvested cBMA showed an average of 28.5 ± 9.1 × 10 6 nucleated cells per mL. Conclusions Arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs that are biologically augmented with a fibrin scaffold containing growth factors and autologous progenitor cells derived from autologous whole blood and humeral cBMA can improve clinical outcomes in primary, as well as revision cases in high‐risk patients. However, the incidence of retears remains a concern in this population, demanding further improvements in biologic augmentation. Level of Evidence IV, therapeutic case series.
Integration and manufacturing aspects of moving from WaferBOND HT-10.10 to ZoneBOND material in temporary wafer bonding and debonding for 3D applications (2013)

Among the technological developments pushed by the emergence of 3D Stacked IC technologies, temporary wafer bonding has become a key element in device processing over the past years. Today, although solutions for wafer support systems have made great progress in terms of process performance, thin wafer debonding and handling remains extremely challenging. Our motivation to move away from thermoplastic high temperature melt debonding materials to room temperature debondable materials is clearly exposed in this paper: we describe the process integration and manufacturing aspects of the Brewer Science <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> ZoneBOND <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> temporary bonding process, as a one-to-one alternative to the Brewer Science <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> WaferBOND <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> HT-10.10 slide debonding material. Process issues related to the material integration into complex 3D flows as well as key learnings are described in details. One important modification that was required is related to the edge-trimming process that is typically performed on the active device wafer prior to bonding and grinding. The ZoneBOND <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> material was found not to be compatible with this process, resulting in permanent defects and damages during grinding. To resolve this issue, the process flow was modified to an edge-trimming after wafer bonding approach. Finally, the room temperature debonding process is fully described.