gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Biopolymer-Free, Low Solids, High Density Reservoir Drilling Fluid (2001)

Abstract A new reservoir drilling fluid system utilizes a nonbiopolymer, acid- or enzyme-soluble polymer that serves both as viscosifier and fluid-loss additive when combined with activated magnesium oxide and a divalent-cation-based brine. The new fluid shows a unique shear-thinning rheological profile featuring relatively low, high-shear-rate viscosity along with relatively high, low-shear-rate viscosity. This behavior is highly unusual in high-density, brine-based reservoir drilling fluids. A result of this behavior is that effective hole cleaning is provided without generating excessive high-shear-rate viscosities that lead to disproportionate equivalent circulating densities. The new fluid system is based on the higher density, divalent-cation-containing brines (utilizing CaCl2, CaBr2, CaCl2 / CaBr2, ZnBr2 / CaBr2 and ZnBr2 /CaBr2 / CaCl2) in the 11.5 to 17.5 lb/gal density range. The total amount of the sized CaCO3 bridging particles is kept relatively low, 13 to 35 lb/bbl, so that thin, chemically removable filter cakes are produced. The size distribution of these bridging particles is designed according to the ideal packing sequence for optimizing sealing and producing a minimally invading (well productivity enhancing) fluid.
Diameter User-Name and Realm Based Request Routing Clarifications (2008)

This specification clarifies the Diameter realm based request routing.
We focus on the case where a Network Access Identifier in the User-
Name AVP is used to populate the Destination-Realm AVP and the Network
Access Identifier contains more than one realm. This particular case
is possible when the Network Access Identifier decoration is used to
force a routing of request messages through a predefined list of
realms. However, this functionality is not unambiguously specified in
the Diameter Base Protocol specification.
Mixed Staphylococcal and Cryptococcal Epidural Abscess in a Patient with AIDS (1990)

Journal Article Mixed Staphylococcal and Cryptococcal Epidural Abscess in a Patient with AIDS Get access Luse-Anne Pirofski, Luse-Anne Pirofski Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arturo Casadevall Arturo Casadevall Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 12, Issue 5, September 1990, Pages 964–965, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/12.5.964 Published: 01 September 1990
Hemostatic Swabs Containing Polydopamine-like Catecholamine Chitosan-Catechol for Normal and Coagulopathic Animal Models (2018)

All animal experiments for evaluating drug efficacy or developing medical devices are unavoidably accompanied by bleeding that result in unreliable outcomes with large variations between individuals. Herein, we developed hemostatic swabs prepared by a mussel-inspired catecholamine polymer called chitosan-catechol, which was inspired by the chemical composition of the well-known material-independent coating material of polydopamine. The hemostatic ability of the swabs resulted from the formation of self-sealing membranes by rapid intermolecular interactions between whole blood proteins and the applied chitosan-catechol. The blood protein/chitosan-catechol composite sealing membrane resulted in dramatic decreases in bleeding for both normal and coagulopathic models, such as diabetes.
Flexible Piezoelectric Thin‐Film Energy Harvesters and Nanosensors for Biomedical Applications (2014)

The use of inorganic-based flexible piezoelectric thin films for biomedical applications has been actively reported due to their advantages of highly piezoelectric, pliable, slim, lightweight, and biocompatible properties. The piezoelectric thin films on plastic substrates can convert ambient mechanical energy into electric signals, even responding to tiny movements on corrugated surfaces of internal organs and nanoscale biomechanical vibrations caused by acoustic waves. These inherent properties of flexible piezoelectric thin films enable to develop not only self-powered energy harvesters for eliminating batteries of bio-implantable medical devices but also sensitive nanosensors for in vivo diagnosis/therapy systems. This paper provides recent progresses of flexible piezoelectric thin-film harvesters and nanosensors for use in biomedical fields. First, developments of flexible piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices by using high-quality perovskite thin film and innovative flexible fabrication processes are addressed. Second, their biomedical applications are investigated, including self-powered cardiac pacemaker, acoustic nanosensor for biomimetic artificial hair cells, in vivo energy harvester driven by organ movements, and mechanical sensor for detecting nanoscale cellular deflections. At the end, future perspective of a self-powered flexible biomedical system is also briefly discussed with relation to the latest advancements of flexible electronics.
Defining death in non-heart beating organ donors (2003)

Protocols for retrieving vital organs in consenting patients in cardiovascular arrest (non-heart beating donors, NHBD) rest on the assumptions that irreversible asystole a) identifies the instant of biological death, and b) is clinically assessable at the time when retrieval of vital organs is possible. Unfortunately both assumptions are flawed. We argue that traditional life/death definitions could be actually inadequate to represent the reality of dying under intensive support, and we suggest redefining NHBD protocols on moral, social, and anthropological criteria, admitting that irreversible (however defined) asystole can only equate a clinically determinable point of no return in the process of dying, where organ retrieval can be morally and socially accepted in previously consenting patients.
Design of Peptide-Based Nanovaccines Targeting Leading Antigens From Gynecological Cancers to Induce HLA-A2.1 Restricted CD8+ T Cell Responses (2018)

Gynecological cancers are a leading cause of mortality in women. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity largely correlates with enhanced survival, whereas inflammation is associated with poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) are biocompatible, do not induce inflammation and when used as vaccine carriers for model peptides induce CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Herein we test the immunogenicity of 24 different peptides, from three leading vaccine target proteins in gynecological cancers: the E7 protein of human papilloma virus (HPV); Wilms Tumor antigen 1 (WT1) and survivin (SV), in PSNP conjugate vaccines. Of relevance to vaccine development was the finding that a minimal CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell peptide epitope from HPV was not able to induce HLA-A2.1 specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in transgenic humanized mice using conventional adjuvants such as CpG, but was nevertheless able to generate strong immunity when delivered as part of a specific longer peptide conjugated to PSNPs vaccines. Conversely, in most cases, when the minimal CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes were able to induce immune responses (with WT1 or SV super agonists) in CpG, they also induced responses when conjugated to PSNPs. In this case, extending the sequence around the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitope, using the natural protein context, or engineering linker sequences proposed to enhance antigen processing, had minimal effects in enhancing or changing the cross-reactivity pattern induced by the super agonists. Nanoparticle approaches, such as PSNPs, therefore may offer an alternative vaccination strategy when conventional adjuvants are unable to elicit the desired CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell specificity. The findings herein also offer sequence specific insights into peptide vaccine design for nanoparticle-based vaccine carriers.
Exploration of dynamic memory management systems (2007)

Since the advent of the Java programming language and the development of real-time garbage collection, Java has become an option for implementing real-time applications. The memory management choices provided by real-time garbage collection allow for real-time Java developers to spend more of their time implementing real-time solutions. 
Unfortunately, the real-time community is not convinced that real-time garbage collection works in managing memory for Java applications deployed in a real-time context. Consequently, the Real-Time for Java Expert Group formulated the Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) standards to make Java a real-time programming language. In lieu of garbage collection, the RTSJ proposed a new memory model called scopes, and a new type of thread called NoHeapRealTimeThread (NHRT), which takes advantage of scopes. While scopes and NHRTs promise predictable allocation and deallocation behaviors, no asymptotic studies have been conducted to investigate the costs associated with these technologies. To understand the costs associated with using these technologies to manage memory, computations and analyses of time and space overheads associated with scopes and NHRTs are presented. These results provide a framework for comparing the RTSJ's memory management model with real-time garbage collection. 
Another facet of this research concerns the optimization of novel approaches to garbage collection on multiprocessor systems. Such approaches yield features that are suitable for real-time systems. Although multiprocessor, concurrent garbage collection is not the same as real-time garbage collection, advancements in multiprocessor concurrent garbage collection have demonstrated the feasibility of building low latency multiprocessor real-time garbage collectors. 
In the nineteen-sixties, only three garbage collection schemes were available, namely reference counting garbage collection, mark-sweep garbage collection, and copying garbage collection. These classical approaches gave new insight into the discipline of memory management and inspired researchers to develop new, more elaborate memory-management techniques. Those insights resulted in a plethora of automatic memory management algorithms and techniques, and a lack of uniformity in the language used to reason about garbage collection. To bring a sense of uniformity to the language used to reason about garbage collection technologies, a taxonomy for comparing garbage collection technologies is presented.
Single event laser fusion using ns-MJ laser pulses (2005)

Studies of single-event laser-target interaction for fusion reaction schemes leading to volume ignition are discussed. Conditions were explored where single-event ns-laser pulses give rise to temperatures sufficient for volume ignition. Thus, ignition is possible, particularly if X-ray reabsorption is sufficiently high. Unfortunately, this scheme requires laser pulses with energies above 5 MJ and target densities of compressed DT above 1000 g/cm −3 . Both requirements are quite demanding for near term systems. Nevertheless the present state technology and the detailed knowledge about volume ignition at direct drive are a basis. Systems as NIF or LMJ can well confirm these physics-clarified conditions and the technology for large laser systems with sufficient repetition rate and for a drastic reduction of the size and costs is necessary and possible and by physics similar to the known reductions in transistor development.
Clinopodium gracile inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation: involvement of calcium and nuclear factor-κB (2010)

Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases such as anaphylaxis, rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of allergic disease is an important subject in human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of the water extract of Clinopodium gracile Matsum var. multicaule (WECG) on the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and studied the possible mechanism of action. WECG inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E-mediated cutaneous anaphylaxis in a dose-dependent manner. WECG dose-dependently reduced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of WECG on histamine release was mediated by the modulation of intracellular calcium. In addition, WECG attenuated the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6 in human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of WECG on these proinflammatory cytokines was nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) dependent. Our findings provide evidence that WECG inhibits mast cell-derived allergic inflammation and involvement of calcium and NF- κB in these effects.
Characterizing Distributions of Tensile Strength and Crack Precursor Size to Evaluate Filler Dispersion Effects and Reliability of Rubber (2020)

Undispersed filler agglomerates or other substantial inclusions/contaminants in rubber can act as large crack precursors that reduce the strength and fatigue lifetime of the material. To demonstrate this, we use tensile strength (stress at break, σ<sub>b</sub>) data from 50 specimens to characterize the failure distribution behavior of carbon black (CB) reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. Poor mixing was simulated by adding a portion of the CB late in the mixing process, and glass beads (microspheres) with 517 μm average diameter were introduced during milling to reproduce the effects of large inclusions. The σ<sub>b</sub> distribution was well described with a simple unimodal Weibull distribution for the control compound, but the tensile strengths of the poor CB dispersion material and the compounds with the glass beads required bimodal Weibull distributions. For the material with the lowest level of glass beads-corresponding to less than one microsphere per test specimen-the bimodal failure distribution spanned a very large range of σ<sub>b</sub> from 13.7 to 22.7 MPa in contrast to the relatively narrow σ<sub>b</sub> distribution for the control from 18.4 to 23.8 MPa. Crack precursor size (<i>c</i><sub>0</sub>) distributions were also inferred from the data, and the glass beads introduced <i>c</i><sub>0</sub> values in the 400 μm range compared to about 180 μm for the control. In contrast to σ<sub>b</sub>, critical tearing energy (tear strength) was unaffected by the presence of the CB agglomerates and glass beads, because the strain energy focuses on the pre-cut macroscopic crack in the sample during tear testing rather than on the microscopic crack precursors within the rubber. The glass beads were not detected by conventional filler dispersion measurements using interferometric microscopy, indicating that tensile strength distribution characterization is an important complementary approach for identifying the presence of minor amounts of large inclusions in rubber.
Tofersen, a SOD1 Antisense Oligonucleotide in Participants with ALS – Results From a Multiple Dose Study (657) (2020)

To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and neurofilament levels of tofersen in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and confirmed SOD1 mutation (SOD1-ALS).
Optimal Finite-Sum Smooth Non-Convex Optimization with SARAH. (2019)

The total complexity (measured as the total number of gradient computations) of a stochastic first-order optimization algorithm that finds a first-order stationary point of a finite-sum smooth nonconvex objective function $F(w)=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n f_i(w)$ has been proven to be at least $\Omega(\sqrt{n}/\epsilon)$ where $\epsilon$ denotes the attained accuracy $\mathbb{E}[ \|\nabla F(\tilde{w})\|^2] \leq \epsilon$ for the outputted approximation $\tilde{w}$ (Fang et al.,2018). This paper is the first to show that this lower bound is tight for the class of variance reduction methods which only assume the Lipschitz continuous gradient assumption. We prove this complexity result for a slightly modified version of the SARAH algorithm in (Nguyen et al.,2017a;b) - showing that SARAH is optimal and dominates all existing results. For convex optimization, we propose SARAH++ with sublinear convergence for general convex and linear convergence for strongly convex problems; and we provide a practical version for which numerical experiments on various datasets show an improved performance.
Hybrid porous media and fluid domain modeling strategy to optimize a novel staggered fin heat sink design (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel lid-integrated cold plate with distributed fluid delivery architecture to a silicon microchannel heat exchanger. The microchannels consist of a staggered fin array. The manifold topology tolerates the use of a one-component lid, compatible with high volume fabrication processes, such as injection molding.
Obtaining Formation Water Chemistry Using a Mud Tracer and Formation Tester in a North Sea Subsea Field Development (2004)

Abstract Precipitation from and corrosion by formation water co-produced with target hydrocarbons can cause serious problems, and an early knowledge of water chemistry is important for completion and facilities design. Owing to the high cost of interventions, this knowledge is particularly important in deepwater developments and subsea completions. Samples of formation water are obtained by producing from the well completed in the water leg or sampling after water production occurs naturally. The former method carries significant cost and the latter method may delay the knowledge of the water chemistry. Alternatively, a formation tester can be run into the wellbore to collect small samples directly from the formation.. In wells drilled with water-based mud, the results are generally mixed because successful collection of formation water requires that the tool be able to discriminate between the water and invaded filtrate. The method depends on the contrast in color or resistivity between formation water and water-based mud filtrate to determine when it is collecting water, and this contrast often doesn't exist. This paper presents a new solution. A mud tracer was used to change the optical properties of the mud filtrate to make it detectable downhole. Laboratory experiments checked the compatibility of the tracer with gypsum or glycol mud system, sensitivity to high clay content, and ability to be detected with another tracer, and individually and in combination with a dark-colored filtrate. Shop experiments were carried out to establish a relationship between different tracer concentrations and optical properties at specific wavelengths. This relationship represents the basis of tracer detection and contamination prediction in real time downhole. The first trial was carried in the Otter field in the northern North Sea. The field comprises three producers and two injectors with subsea completions. Downhole water samples were obtained during the logging phase on one of the injectors at an early stage of the field development. Sample quality and flushing time were optimized using the new technique. Sample analysis results compared well with later production tests.
Preferential hydration in superabsorbing polymers by solid-state carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreferential hydration in superabsorbing polymers by solid-state carbon-13 NMR spectroscopyP. R. Rajamohanan, M. V. Badiger, S. Ganapathy, and R. A. MashelkarCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 6, 1423–1424Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00006a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00006a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adhesion and Adhesives Technology (2021)

You have accessAdhesion and Adhesives TechnologyMar 2021Adhesion and Adhesives TechnologyAn IntroductionAlphonsus V. PociusAlphonsus V. Pociushttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908501.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: I-XVIIPrint ISBN: 978-1-56990-855-6eISBN: 978-1-56990-850-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2021 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
A bacterial pathogen uses dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cue to target heat-stressed corals (2013)

Diseases are an emerging threat to ocean ecosystems. Coral reefs, in particular, are experiencing a worldwide decline because of disease and bleaching, which have been exacerbated by rising seawater temperatures. Yet, the ecological mechanisms behind most coral diseases remain unidentified. Here, we demonstrate that a coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus, uses chemotaxis and chemokinesis to target the mucus of its coral host, Pocillopora damicornis. A primary driver of this response is the host metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a key element in the global sulfur cycle and a potent foraging cue throughout the marine food web. Coral mucus is rich in DMSP, and we found that DMSP alone elicits chemotactic responses of comparable intensity to whole mucus. Furthermore, in heat-stressed coral fragments, DMSP concentrations increased fivefold and the pathogen's chemotactic response was correspondingly enhanced. Intriguingly, despite being a rich source of carbon and sulfur, DMSP is not metabolized by the pathogen, suggesting that it is used purely as an infochemical for host location. These results reveal a new role for DMSP in coral disease, demonstrate the importance of chemical signaling and swimming behavior in the recruitment of pathogens to corals and highlight the impact of increased seawater temperatures on disease pathways.
Dynamic biasing techniques for RF power amplifier linearity and efficiency improvement (2010)

Nowadays, mobile handsets have to deal with several challenges. First of all, a good efficiency is essential in order to save power and battery life-time. Then, to cater to multi-standards operation which provide very high data rates, strong linearity performances are mandatory, to the expense of transmit front-end efficiency. As RF Power Amplifiers (PAs) are the most power consuming components, this paper describes an approach of managing the efficiency-linearity trade-off by using dynamic biasing. The dynamic biasing allows a power control of the PA and is brought into play both with an open-loop solution and a closed-loop solution. The main purpose of the paper is to present a description of the circuits developed and their performances in terms of output power, linearity and efficiency. The reconfigurable PAs are dedicated to UMTS-WCDMA and WiFi/WiMAX standards.