gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Metal–Support Interaction by Structural Recognition of Cobalt‐Based Catalyst Precursors (2015)

Abstract Controlling the nature and size of cobalt(II) polynuclear precursors on γ‐alumina and silica‐alumina supports represents a challenge for the synthesis of optimal cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalysts. By density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show how after drying the interaction of cobalt(II) precursor on γ‐alumina is driven by a structural recognition phenomenon, leading to the formation of an epitaxial Co(OH) 2 precipitate involving a Co–Al hydrotalcite‐like interface. On a silica‐alumina surface, this phenomenon is prevented due to the passivation effect of silica domains. This finding opens new routes to tune the metal–support interaction at the synthesis step of heterogeneous catalysts.
On Extra Combinational Delays in SRAM FPGAs Due to Transient Ionizing Radiations (2012)

This paper presents a new experimental setup (to our knowledge, the first ever) and results obtained with that setup from which we report extra combinational delays in an SRAM FPGA (Virtex-5) due to transient ionizing radiations. The results, obtained by proton irradiation at the TRIUMF laboratory, show that our setup can detect extra combinatorial delays as small as 40 ps, and that delays of more than 400 ps can affect the targeted FPGA. These results strongly suggest that delay faults can potentially be induced by transient ionizing radiations.
Powering a Supramolecular Machine with a Photoactive Molecular Triad (2004)

Machines require power supplies: To address this need at the nanoscale, a photoactive molecular triad (T) has been prepared that converts light into electrical energy (see picture). In initial tests, such a triad has been used to power the dethreading of a supramolecular machine in the form of a pseudorotaxane composed of a thread (red) and a cyclophane (blue).
Endoscopic Management of a Tubulovillous Adenoma Within a Diverticulum: Report of a Case and Review of Literature (2020)

Adenomas or adenocarcinomas located within a colonic diverticulum are considered a rare phenomenon that has been described in the literature. These lesions are technically difficult to manage endoscopically and usually require surgical intervention for removal. There is also an increased risk of perforation upon endoscopic resection owing to the lack of a muscular layer within the diverticulum. We report a case and include a literature review to evaluate different endoscopic techniques and propose the most effective for management of adenomas within a diverticulum. This technique is potentially comprised of employing a combined approach using a suction banding device, an over-the-scope clip (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Tübingen, Germany) , and hyperthemic snare to successfully remove the polyp, ensure tissue retrieval, and reduce risk of iatrogenic colonic perforation.
Using machine learning to emulate human hearing for predictive maintenance of equipment (2017)

At the current time, interfaces between humans and machines use only a limited subset of senses that humans are capable of. The interaction among humans and computers can become much more intuitive and effective if we are able to use more senses, and create other modes of communicating between them. New machine learning technologies can make this type of interaction become a reality. In this paper, we present a framework for a holistic communication between humans and machines that uses all of the senses, and discuss how a subset of this capability can allow machines to talk to humans to indicate their health for various tasks such as predictive maintenance.
Prostate image-guided transperineal elastic-registration biopsy, a new diagnostic tool to refine the risk-stratification of prostate cancer and improve therapeutic decisions. (2019)

e16595 Background: To evaluate image-guided Transperineal Elastic-Registration biopsy (TPER-B) in the risk-stratification of low-to-intermediate risk prostate cancer detected by Transrectal-ultrasound biopsy (TRUS-B) when estimates of cancer grade and volume discorded with multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: All patients referred for active surveillance or organ-conservative management were collegially reviewed for consistency between TRUS-B results and MRI. Image-guided TPER-B of the index target (IT) defined as the largest Prostate Imaging-Reporting Data System-v2 ≥3 abnormality were organized for discordant cases. Pathology reported Gleason grade, maximum cancer core length (MCCL) and total CCL (TCCL). Results: Of 237 prostate cancer patients (1-7/2018), 42 required TPER-B for risk-stratification. Eight cores were obtained [Median&amp;IQR: 8 (6-10)] including five (IQR: 4-6) in the IT. TPER-B of the IT yielded longer MCCL [Mean&amp;(95%CI): 5.4(3.9-6.9) vs. 2.5mm(1.9-3.1), p = 0.002] and TCCL [16.7(10.6-22.8) vs. 3.9mm(3.1-4.8), p = 0.0001] than TRUS-B of the gland. On TPER-B cores, longer TCCL [Mean&amp;(95%CI): 28.9mm(19.1-38.7) vs. 12.3mm(4.8-19.7), p = 0.02] were measured in Gleason score-7 than score-6 cancers (no cancers detected on IT TPER-B in 11 patients, all but one score 6 &lt; 4mm on TRUS-B). TPER-B cores of the IT upgraded 16/42(38.1%) patients. 21/42(50.0%) met University College London-definition 1 (Gleason score≥4+3 and/or MCL≥6mm) and 27/42(64.3%) definition 2 (Gleason score≥3+4 and/or MCL≥4mm), which correlate to clinically significant cancers &gt; 0.5mL and &gt; 0.2mL, respectively. Allocation to higher risk groups than anticipated from TRUS-B spurred adaptation of treatment protocols (active surveillance n = 15, prostatectomy n = 11, ionizing radiation n = 13, pending n = 3). Conclusions: Image-guided TPER-B of the index target provided more cancer material for pathology. Subsequent re-evaluation of cancer volume and grade switched a majority of patients towards higher risk groups and treatments with curative intent.
In situ ellipsometry growth characterization of dual ion beam deposited boron nitride thin films (2000)

Pure hexagonal h, as well as mixed-phase cubic/hexagonal c/h boron nitride (BN) thin films were deposited onto [001] silicon substrates using the dual ion beam deposition technique. The BN thin films were grown under UHV conditions at different substrate temperatures and ion beam bombarding parameters. Thin-film growth was monitored using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry at 44 wavelengths between 420 and 761 nm. The in situ ellipsometric Ψ and Δ data were compared with two-layer growth model calculations for the mixed-phase c/h BN, and with one-layer growth model calculations for pure h-BN growth. In situ data provide information on the optical properties of deposited h-BN and c/h-BN material, film thickness, and BN growth rates. A virtual interface approach is employed for the optical properties of the silicon substrate. The growth and nucleation of c-BN observed here confirms the cylindrical thermal spike model. The results for composition and thickness of the BN films were compared to those obtained from ex situ infrared transmission measurements and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations.
IL‐1β Induces p62/SQSTM1 and Represses Androgen Receptor Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells (2014)

Chronic inflammation is associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), although the mechanisms governing inflammation-mediated PCa progression are not fully understood. PCa progresses to an androgen independent phenotype that is incurable. We previously showed that androgen independent, androgen receptor negative (AR(-) ) PCa cell lines have high p62/SQSTM1 levels required for cell survival. We also showed that factors in the HS-5 bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) conditioned medium can upregulate p62 in AR(+) PCa cell lines, leading us to investigate AR expression under those growth conditions. In this paper, mRNA, protein, and subcellular analyses reveal that HS-5 BMSC conditioned medium represses AR mRNA, protein, and nuclear accumulation in the C4-2 PCa cell line. Using published gene expression data, we identify the inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, as a candidate BMSC paracrine factor to regulate AR expression and find that IL-1β is sufficient to both repress AR and upregulate p62 in multiple PCa cell lines. Immunostaining demonstrates that, while the C4-2 population shows a primarily homogeneous response to factors in HS-5 BMSC conditioned medium, IL-1β elicits a strikingly heterogeneous response; suggesting that there are other regulatory factors in the conditioned medium. Finally, while we observe concomitant AR loss and p62 upregulation in IL-1β-treated C4-2 cells, silencing of AR or p62 suggests that IL-1β regulates their protein accumulation through independent pathways. Taken together, these in vitro results suggest that IL-1β can drive PCa progression in an inflammatory microenvironment through AR repression and p62 induction to promote the development and survival of androgen independent PCa.
An online groundwall and phase-to-phase insulation quality assessment technique for AC-machine stator windings (2006)

An online technique for monitoring the condition of the groundwall (GW) and phase-to-phase (PP) insulation for three-phase ac-machine stator windings is proposed in this paper. Insulation-condition indicators such as capacitance, dissipation factor (tan/spl delta/), and ac insulation resistance are calculated online based on the differential leakage-current measurements for each phase. A model for a three-phase ac-machine insulation system is derived and analyzed for both offline and online testing. Guidelines for interpreting the measured indicators for determining the: 1) overall condition and 2) significant degradation in the individual GW and PP insulation for each phase of the stator are given based on the analysis. Experimental results on a 15-hp induction motor under intentional GW and PP insulation degradation conditions show that incipient insulation degradation can be detected and classified with high sensitivity.
Cloned human interferon-gamma, but not interferon-beta or -alpha, induces expression of HLA-DR determinants by fetal monocytes and myeloid leukemic cell lines. (1984)

The antigen presenting function of macrophages and other accessory cells requires the cell surface expression of class II major histocompatibility antigens, e.g., HLA-DR. It has been shown that gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), a T cell product, can regulate macrophage HLA-DR expression. The effect of absolutely pure or cloned IFN-gamma upon fetal monocytes that do not strongly express DR has not been studied. We have utilized cloned IFN-gamma, IFN-beta, and IFN-alpha preparations to examine the differential effects of these molecules upon the expression of HLA class I (HLA-A,B) and class II determinants by fetal monocytes as well as by myeloid leukemic cell lines. We report that cloned human IFN-gamma induces the expression of HLA-DR and -A,B antigens on cells that normally express low quantities of these molecules, including human fetal monocytes and two (ML-1 and HL-60) but not a third (U-937) myeloid leukemic cell lines. These findings suggest that the acquisition of class II HLA molecules upon fetal tissues and perhaps antigen presenting function is dependent upon IFN-gamma. In contrast, IFN-beta and -alpha induced the expression of HLA-A,B but not HLA-DR antigens by these cells. Thus, these data indicate that the expression of HLA-DR molecules that is vital for monocyte/macrophage and T cell interaction is stimulated by the lymphokine IFN-gamma, and that the effects of IFN-gamma are distinctive from IFN-alpha or -beta.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nitric oxide deficiency determines global chromatin changes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2009)

The present study provides evidence that abnormal patterns of global histone modification are present in the skeletal muscle nuclei of mdx mice and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. A combination of specific histone H3 modifications, including Ser-10 phosphorylation, acetylation of Lys 9 and 14, and Lys 79 methylation, were found enriched in muscle biopsies from human patients affected by DMD and in late-term fetuses, early postnatal pups, or adult mdx mice. In this context, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed an enrichment of these modifications at the loci of genes involved in proliferation or inflammation, suggesting a regulatory effect on gene expression. Remarkably, the reexpression of dystrophin induced by gentamicin treatment or the administration of nitric oxide (NO) donors reversed the abnormal pattern of H3 histone modifications. These findings suggest an unanticipated link between the dystrophin-activated NO signaling and the remodeling of chromatin. In this context, the regulation of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5 was found altered as a consequence of the reduced NO-dependent protein phosphatase 2A activity, indicating that both NO and class IIa HDACs are important for satellite cell differentiation and gene expression in mdx mice. In conclusion, this work provides the first evidence of a role for NO as an epigenetic regulator in DMD.
Pedicled Scrotal Skin Advancement for One-Stage Anterior Urethral Reconstruction in Circumcised Patients (1988)

A 1-stage anterior urethral reconstruction technique based on the principle of scrotal septum pedicled skin tube advancement is described. In addition to the usual indications for urethral reconstructions, this procedure is useful for the treatment of associated severe urethral stricture and curvature of the erect penis.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Oct 2006Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.110AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 176(4), pp. 1566–1567 © 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 176 Issue 4 October 2006 Page: 1566-1567 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetrics Author Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
BMP-9 Modulates the Hepatic Responses to LPS (2020)

It was previously shown that Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-9 is constitutively produced and secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Upon acute liver damage, BMP-9 expression is transiently down-regulated and blocking BMP-9 under conditions of chronic damage ameliorated liver fibrogenesis in C57BL/6 mice. Thereby, BMP-9 acted as a pro-fibrogenic cytokine in the liver but without directly activating isolated HSC in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin derived from the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria in the gut, is known to be essential in the pathogenesis of diverse kinds of liver diseases. The aim of the present project was therefore to investigate how high levels of BMP-9 in the context of LPS signalling might result in enhanced liver damage. For this purpose, we stimulated human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) with LPS and incubated primary human liver myofibroblasts (MF) with the conditioned medium of these cells. We found that LPS led to the secretion of factors from LSEC that upregulate BMP-9 expression in MF. At least one of these BMP-9 enhancing factors was defined to be IL-6. High BMP-9 in turn, especially in combination with LPS stimulation, induced the expression of certain capillarization markers in LSEC and enhanced the LPS-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary human macrophages. In LSEC, pre-treatment with BMP-9 reduced the LPS-mediated activation of the NfkB pathway, whereas in macrophages, LPS partially inhibited the BMP-9/Smad-1 signaling cascade. In vivo, in mice, BMP-9 led to the enhanced presence of F4/80-positive cells in the liver and it modulated the LPS-mediated regulation of inflammatory mediators. In summary, our data point to BMP-9 being a complex and highly dynamic modulator of hepatic responses to LPS: Initial effects of LPS on LSEC led to the upregulation of BMP-9 in MF but sustained high levels of BMP-9 in turn promote pro-inflammatory reactions of macrophages. Thereby, the spatial and timely fine-tuned presence (or absence) of BMP-9 is needed for efficient wound-healing responses in the liver.
Uncoupling N-acetylaspartate from brain pathology: implications for Canavan disease gene therapy (2017)

N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) is the second most abundant organic metabolite in the brain, but its physiological significance remains enigmatic. Toxic NAA accumulation appears to be the key factor for neurological decline in Canavan disease-a fatal neurometabolic disorder caused by deficiency in the NAA-degrading enzyme aspartoacylase. To date clinical outcome of gene replacement therapy for this spongiform leukodystrophy has not met expectations. To identify the target tissue and cells for maximum anticipated treatment benefit, we employed comprehensive phenotyping of novel mouse models to assess cell type-specific consequences of NAA depletion or elevation. We show that NAA-deficiency causes neurological deficits affecting unconscious defensive reactions aimed at protecting the body from external threat. This finding suggests, while NAA reduction is pivotal to treat Canavan disease, abrogating NAA synthesis should be avoided. At the other end of the spectrum, while predicting pathological severity in Canavan disease mice, increased brain NAA levels are not neurotoxic per se. In fact, in transgenic mice overexpressing the NAA synthesising enzyme Nat8l in neurons, supra-physiological NAA levels were uncoupled from neurological deficits. In contrast, elimination of aspartoacylase expression exclusively in oligodendrocytes elicited Canavan disease like pathology. Although conditional aspartoacylase deletion in oligodendrocytes abolished expression in the entire CNS, the remaining aspartoacylase in peripheral organs was sufficient to lower NAA levels, delay disease onset and ameliorate histopathology. However, comparable endpoints of the conditional and complete aspartoacylase knockout indicate that optimal Canavan disease gene replacement therapies should restore aspartoacylase expression in oligodendrocytes. On the basis of these findings we executed an ASPA gene replacement therapy targeting oligodendrocytes in Canavan disease mice resulting in reversal of pre-existing CNS pathology and lasting neurological benefits. This finding signifies the first successful post-symptomatic treatment of a white matter disorder using an adeno-associated virus vector tailored towards oligodendroglial-restricted transgene expression.
Radar and EW Applications of Multi-Gigahertz Optical Components and Systems (1987)

Recent advances in wideband components for use in optical fiber systems have been very impressive. Laser diodes have shown 3dB modulation bandwidths near 20 GHz at room temperature, 1,2 and external modulators with similar high-frequency performance have been reported. 3 Bandwidths as high as 100 GHz have been achieved in semiconductor photodiodes. 4 Performance of these components at such high frequencies opens a new realm of possibilities for the use of optics in military systems. These include not only signal transmission over optical fibers, but also signal generation, signal processing, and optical control of microwave devices. Coverage spanning the 0 – 18 GHz range, where most radar and electronic warfare (EW) systems operate, is now possible. Some of these techniques can also be applied in the millimeter wave frequency range (&gt; 30 GHz), which is receiving increased emphasis for military applications.
Profiling and in vivo Quantification of Proteins by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: The Example of Goserelin, an Analogue of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (2003)

Proteins are essential biomolecules which are frequently involved in major pathological syndromes and are widely used as diagnostic markers or therapeutic agents. The emergence of proteomics will doubtless further increase the significance of proteins both in the clinic and in the life sciences in general. Our main objective is to offer innovative solutions to what we like to call the "post-proteomics era". To achieve our goal, we intend to develop novel approaches and technologies for in vivo metabolic studies of proteins using mass spectrometry (MS), focusing on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Using goserelin as a model, we have successfully developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection and quantification of an intact analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in small volumes of rat plasma samples at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 405.0 microg/l. To this end, a microbore reversed-phase-HPLC system was coupled on-line to a tandem high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) instrument fitted with an electrospray ion source and operated in LC-MS/MS mode. External calibration was used and the high resolution was crucial to discard contaminating signals, which would not have been possible with the more conventional triple quadrupole mass spectrometers operated in a static mode. For low sample amounts, calibration curves were constructed corresponding to rat plasma levels of 0.3 to 16.4 microg/l and found to be of third order with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.999. The relative standard deviation was found to be lower than 15%. A lower limit of detection (LLOD) of 0.17 microg/l and a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.3 microg/l were determined.
A Multi-omic Analysis of the Human Lung Reveals Distinct Cell Specific Aging and Senescence Molecular Programs (2023)

Age is a major risk factor for lung disease. To understand the mechanisms underlying this association, we characterized the changing cellular, genomic, transcriptional, and epigenetic landscape of lung aging using bulk and single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) data. Our analysis revealed age-associated gene networks that reflected hallmarks of aging, including mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cellular senescence. Cell type deconvolution revealed age-associated changes in the cellular composition of the lung: decreased alveolar epithelial cells and increased fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In the alveolar microenvironment, aging is characterized by decreased AT2B cells and reduced surfactant production, a finding that was validated by scRNAseq and IHC. We showed that a previously reported senescence signature, SenMayo, captures cells expressing canonical senescence markers. SenMayo signature also identified cell-type specific senescence-associated co-expression modules that have distinct molecular functions, including ECM regulation, cell signaling, and damage response pathways. Analysis of somatic mutations showed that burden was highest in lymphocytes and endothelial cells and was associated with high expression of senescence signature. Finally, aging and senescence gene expression modules were associated with differentially methylated regions, with inflammatory markers such as <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6R</i>, and <i>TNF</i> being significantly regulated with age. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying lung aging and may have implications for the development of interventions to prevent or treat age-related lung diseases.