gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optical dynamic mass redistribution assay reveals biased signaling of dualsteric GPCR activators (2009)

Increasing attention is paid in basic science and in drug discovery to pathway selective intracellular signaling as a novel approach to achieve precise control of cell function via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). With respect to signaling, GPCRs are often promiscuous in that more than one intracellular biochemical pathway is activated upon receptor stimulation by the endogenous transmitter or by exogenous drugs. We studied signaling by a novel class of GPCR activators that were designed to bind simultaneously to the orthosteric transmitter-binding site and the allosteric site of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. An optical biosensor technique was applied to measure activation-induced dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) in CHO cells stably expressing the muscarinic receptor subtype of interest. The use of tools to modulate signaling and measuring G protein activation directly proved that DMR is a valid and comfortable approach to gain real-time insight into intracellular signaling pathway activation and to identify signaling pathway-selective drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of a Metal‐Axial Ligand Bond in Aluminum Porphyrin by Visible Light. (1989)

ChemInformVolume 20, Issue 7 Organoelement Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Activation of a Metal-Axial Ligand Bond in Aluminum Porphyrin by Visible Light. Y. HIRAI, Y. HIRAI Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorH. MURAYAMA, H. MURAYAMA Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorT. AIDA, T. AIDA Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorS. INOUE, S. INOUE Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this author Y. HIRAI, Y. HIRAI Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorH. MURAYAMA, H. MURAYAMA Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorT. AIDA, T. AIDA Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this authorS. INOUE, S. INOUE Dep. Synth. Chem., Fac. Eng., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Jap.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 14, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198907247AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume20, Issue7February 14, 1989 RelatedInformation
Search and Breast Cancer (2016)

We seek to understand the evolving needs of people who are faced with a life-changing medical diagnosis based on analyses of queries extracted from an anonymized search query log. Focusing on breast cancer, we manually tag a set of Web searchers as showing patterns of search behavior consistent with someone grappling with the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. We build and apply probabilistic classifiers to detect these searchers from multiple sessions and to identify the timing of diagnosis using temporal and statistical features. We explore the changes in information seeking over time before and after an inferred diagnosis of breast cancer by aligning multiple searchers by the estimated time of diagnosis. We employ the classifier to automatically identify 1,700 candidate searchers with an estimated 90% precision, and we predict the day of diagnosis within 15 days with an 88% accuracy. We show that the geographic and demographic attributes of searchers identified with high probability are strongly correlated with ground truth of reported incidence rates. We then analyze the content of queries over time for inferred cancer patients, using a detailed ontology of cancer-related search terms. The analysis reveals the rich temporal structure of the evolving queries of people likely diagnosed with breast cancer. Finally, we focus on subtypes of illness based on inferred stages of cancer and show clinically relevant dynamics of information seeking based on the dominant stage expressed by searchers.
Porphyrin accumulation induced by 5-aminolaevulinic acid esters in tumour cells growing in vitro and in vivo (2002)

The ability of 5-aminolaevulinic acid and some of its esterified derivatives to induce porphyrin accumulation has been examined in CaNT murine mammary carcinoma cells growing in culture and as tumours in vivo. Topical or intravenous administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-esters to mice bearing subcutaneous tumours produced lower porphyrin levels in the tumour than an equimolar dose of 5-aminolaevulinic acid. Reducing the dose of intravenous hexyl- or benzyl-ALA and topical hexyl-5-aminolaevulinic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in porphyrin accumulation. A number of normal tissues accumulated higher concentrations of porphyrins than tumour tissue following intravenous administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-esters. Esterase activity in these normal tissues was greater than that in tumour tissue. In contrast to the situation in vivo, all of the 5-aminolaevulinic acid-esters examined were at least as effective as 5-aminolaevulinic acid when applied to cloned CaNT cells in vitro, with the drug concentration required for maximum porphyrin accumulation varying with ester chain-length. Tumour cells growing in culture released esterase activity into the medium. These findings suggest that the efficacy of 5-aminolaevulinic esters may vary depending on the esterase activity of the target tissue, and suggest caution when interpreting the findings of in vitro studies using these and similar prodrugs.
Revised Structure of Tolyporphin A (1999)

Four monocyclic precursors were assembled in the total synthesis of the proposed structure 1-A of (+)-tolyporphin A O,O-diacetate (X=Ac). Comparison of the spectroscopic data demonstrated that synthetic tolyporphin O,O-diacetate did not match the O,O-diacetate prepared from natural (+)-tolyporphin A (X=H), calling for a structural revision of this class of natural products. On the basis of a series of NMR experiments including synthetic intermediates, the structure of tolyporphin A is concluded to be 1-B, in which the configurations of quaternary centers C7 and C17 are opposite to those in the originally proposed structure.
Adjuvant Oophorectomy in the Treatment of Early-StageBRCAMutation–Positive Breast Cancer (2015)

TheUSPreventiveServicesTaskForce recently releasedasystematic review focused on the risk of breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2mutation carriers and the impact of genetic testing and counseling on the patient.1 A metaanalysis of 70 studiesdemonstrated that breast cancer prevalencewas46%to71%by 70 years of age for thosewith BRCA1orBRCA2mutationsandovariancancerprevalencewas 41%to46%forBRCA1and 17%to23%forBRCA2mutationcarriers. Patientswith germlinemutations in theBRCAgene family often choose prophylactic surgery, mastectomy and/or oophorectomy, to reducetheir riskofdevelopingbreastorovariancancer. In this issueofJAMAOncology,Metcalfeetal2 evaluated the impact of oophorectomy on overall survival of patientswhohave already received a diagnosis of breast cancer. Theparticipantswere676patientswith stage I or II breast cancer andBRCA1orBRCA2mutations. Smaller studies have suggested that oophorectomy after a breast cancer diagnosis results in reduced mortality in these individuals at extreme genetic risk. The cohort reported byMetcalfe et al2 did or did nothave their ovaries removedandwereobserved for 20years tomonitor for recurrence. The results provide a validation of the roleof oophorectomy inconveyingbothadisease-free and overall survival benefit for BRCA1mutation carriers. Oophorectomy after the primary diagnosis of breast cancer significantly reducedbreast cancer–specificmortality inwomenwith BRCA1mutations (HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.19-0.77]; P = .007) but not in BRCA2mutation carriers (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.23-1.43]; P = .23). In the entire group, oophorectomy was particularly effective for survivalbenefit inwomenwithestrogenreceptor– negativebreast cancer (HR,0.07 [95%CI, 0.01-0.51];P = .009). Ofnote, themean timeelapsedbeforeoophorectomyafter the diagnosis of breast cancerwas 6.1 years. The hazard ratiowas further reduced,however, if the surgerywasperformedwithin 2 years of the breast cancer diagnosis. The data reported here are compelling and suggest that the potential of oophorectomy should become part of the treatment discussion at the time of diagnosis forBRCAmutation carrierswith early-stage breast cancers.
Natural Sunscreens Based on Nanoparticles of Modified Kraft Lignin (CatLignin) (2020)

Commercial chemical sunscreens have a high content of synthetic ultraviolet (UV) actives that have caused widespread damage to marine ecosystems and may have adverse health effects in humans. In the present work, safer bio-based sunscreens with lignin UV absorbers were developed to address this issue. Partly demethylated and otherwise altered kraft lignins, the so-called CatLignins with abundant phenolic hydroxyl auxochromes and catechol units, outperformed regular kraft lignins as sunscreen UV absorbers in terms of sun protection factor (UVB-SPF) and UVA-UVB transmittance. Converting lignins to nanoparticles significantly enhanced sunscreen performance. The best lignin sunscreen, containing nanoparticles of hardwood CatLignin, had a UV transmittance of only 0.5-3.8% over the entire UVA-UVB region compared to 2.7-51.1% of a commercial SPF 15 sunscreen. Lignin-based sunscreens are particularly suitable for dark-tinted SPF cosmetics.
Cavernous Malformation of the Trigeminal Nerve Manifesting with Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Report (2005)

Cavernous malformations can afflict the trigeminal nerve and cause trigeminal neuralgia. Microsurgical excision can be performed safely and is associated with improvement in symptoms.
Clustering of Human Chromosome Fragments on the Mouse Genome by Chromosome-Mediated Gene Transfer (1998)

Pieces of metaphase chromosomes prepared from mouse cells containing neo-tagged human chromosome 7 were transferred to mouse cells with calcium phosphate to isolate G418-resistant clones. FISH analysis revealed that the majority of them contained human DNA at a single site on their genome. These transformants contained STS markers mapped to various regions of chromosome 7. It is thus suggested that pieces of human chromosomes tend to assemble and integrate on the mouse genome.
Multi-storied photodiode CMOS image sensor for multiband imaging with 3D technology (2015)

We demonstrated multiband imaging with a multi-storied photodiode CMOS image sensor (CIS), which comprises two individually functioning layered devices that achieve optimized images in different substrates bonded by 3D technology. The sensor is able to capture a wide variety of multiband images, which is not limited to conventional visible RGB (Red Green Blue) images taken with a Bayer filter or to invisible infrared (IR) images, at the same time without any color or image degradation even with an extra IR light source. Its wide range sensitivity enables us to select the specific narrow band light wave with specific optical filter in addition to visible RGB images. This wide selection of specific wavelengths of light is useful for specific applications like medical systems to identify pathological lesions and also enables additional functions on the same sensor to make such systems smarter, smaller, and cheaper than the conventional combination of IR imaging sensors with RGB image ones. A wide selection of multiband images is also possible with our device by modifying the top semiconductor layer thickness or changing the characteristics of a color filter on the top substrate to cover a wide range of application needs.
Synthesis of renewable jet and diesel fuels from 2-ethyl-1-hexene (2010)

An efficient method for the selective dimerization of the renewable feedstock, 2-ethyl-1-hexene, to a complex mixture of C16H32 hydrocarbons has been developed. To optimize the process, the activity of a variety of strongly acidic heterogeneous catalysts was investigated. Montmorillonite K-10 and sulfated zirconia readily isomerized 2-ethyl-1-hexene to a mixture of the cis- and trans isomers of 3-methyl-2-heptene and 3-methyl-3-heptene, but were inactive for the dimerization of 2-ethyl-1-hexene at temperatures up to 116 °C. In contrast, the cation exchange resins Amberlyst-15 and Nafion, readily dimerized 2-ethyl-1-hexene at elevated temperatures. For both sets of catalysts, the degree of hydration strongly affected the rate of isomerization/dimerization. After hydrogenation over PtO2 and fractional distillation, saturated dimer mixtures could be isolated in up to 90% yield. The dimers have a density of 0.78 g mL−1 and a freezing point <−60 °C, suggesting that they can be blended with renewable or conventional jet fuels, without adversely affecting the overall density and low temperature viscosity of the mixtures.
SKYACTIV Vehicle Dynamics: integration control with re-constructing Vehicle CAN-bus network (2018)

The G-Vectoring Control (GVC) system using engine torque control has been developed for mass production. As the concept of G-Vectoring is well known through several researches, G-Vectoring system generates slight deceleration in response to lateral jerk to improve vehicle dynamics. While the researches so far have applied brake control or electric motor control to generate the necessary deceleration, the significance of the newly developed system is to use the high response engine to enhance vehicle dynamics performance. In this paper, the basic concept of G-Vectoring is summarized first, the configuration of the new system will be described followed by subjective and objective investigations into its control effects.
Sensors and Data Acquisition Development Efforts at KSC (2013)

This viewgraph presentation describes efforts at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to develop spacecraft sensors and instruments which meet the expected needs of potential clients on a budget. Sensors are profiled, and the topics covered include systems health monitoring, smart structures, software algorithms, and testing.
Characteristics of a hermetic 6H-SiC pressure sensor at 600 C (2001)

We report the fabrication and characterization of a single crystal hermetically sealed 6H-SiC pressure sensor tested up to 600°C. The pressure sensor was packaged by a novel microelectromechanical systems direct chip attach (MEMS-DCA) technique that eliminated the use of wire bonding, thereby removing the reliability issues associated with wire bonds at high temperature. The room temperature full-scale output (FSO) at 200 psi was 32.5 mV for a bridge input voltage of 5V, which gives a sensitivity of 32.5 |nV/V/psi. Although the full-scale output at 600°C dropped by 64 %, it maintained excellent linearity, with less than 2 mV null shift upon return to room temperature.
Trajectory optimization using a combination of direct multiple shooting and collocation (2001)

In the framework of the software package GESOP (Graphical Environment for Simulation and Optimization), a new optimization method is developed. It is a combination of a direct multiple-shooting method and a direct collocation method. For multiphase problems, the transcription can be different in each phase. Within a multiple-shooting phase, several different integration methods can be selected, ranging from second order to seventh order methods. A collocation phase is using either third order Hermite polynomials or a trapezoidal approximation. The new optimization method is developed in the object oriented programming language Ada95. Only the core NLP solver SNOPT 5.3 is written in FORTRAN and accessed via the Ada95/FORTRAN interface. User supplied models for optimization can either be written in Ada95 or FORTRAN. Since the new optimization method is fully compatible to the GESOP model interface, a large variety of models was available for testing purposes. The new method is compared with the existing GESOP optimizers PROMIS and TROPIC. All tests presented in this paper are using the complex ASTOS model (AeroSpace Trajectory Optmization Software), which is a completely data driven library designed for analysis of launcher and reentry missions.
Etendue conserved color mixing (2007)

Colored variable lighting is being used in more and more locations to enhance the "beauty" and "atmosphere" of interiors and exteriors. Lamps based on different colored LED are an obvious choice for such systems. The light from the differently colored LEDS needs to be mixed together very well because otherwise objects in the beam could create colored shadows. The difficulty is that we often want a lighting system where the light is collimated, where we can set the color of the beam, and where the lamp is as small as possible with an as small as possible exit diameter. This means that ideally we would like to mix colors etendue preserving. In this paper we discuss a new method of color mixing with dichroic color filters, which aims to achieve this. It is based on a special arrangement of the color filters, whereby the filters act as collimators. We have build prototypes and have done raytracing simulations. These show that we can indeed mix light of different wavelengths and make relatively small, color-variable, collimated, high brightness, light-sources. The advantages are an increase in brightness, a reduction/elimination of the colored shadows, and a small volume. This new method can, e.g., be used in spotlights, mini-beamers and logo projectors.
Quality monitoring of video over the Internet (2003)

We consider monitoring the quality of compressed video transmitted over a packet network from the perspective of a network service provider. Our focus is on no-reference methods, which assume that the original signal is not available for computing the quality estimate. We present three methods to estimate mean squared error (MSE) from the video bitstream. The first method uses only network-level measurements (like packet loss rate), the second extracts the spatio-temporal extent of the impact of the loss, and the third extracts sequence-specific information including spatio-temporal activity and the effects of error propagation. Simulation results show that the first method has the lowest complexity but the worst performance, while the third method performs best with manageable complexity.
Tight Linkage between the Syndrome of Generalized Thyroid Hormone Resistance and the Human c-erbAβ Gene (1988)

Multiple cDNAs belonging to the c-erbA gene family encode proteins that bind T3 with high affinity. However, the biological functions of these multiple thyroid hormone receptors have not yet been clarified. Generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR) refers to a human syndrome characterized by tissue refractoriness to the action of thyroid hormones; several studies have suggested quantitative or qualitative defects in T3 binding to nuclear receptors in certain kindreds. To investigate the biological functions of the c-erbA genes, c-erbA alpha and c-erbA beta, we tested the hypothesis that an abnormal c-erbA gene product is present in GTHR by examining these genes in members of one kindred. Restriction enzyme analysis failed to identify an abnormal pattern in affected individuals suggesting no rearrangements or large deletions. However, we demonstrated that the gene conferring the GTHR phenotype is tightly linked to the c-erbA beta locus on chromosome 3. This linkage strongly suggests that the c-erbA beta gene is important in man as a thyroid hormone receptor and identifies a putative c-erbA beta mutant phenotype with central nervous system, pituitary, liver, metabolic, and growth abnormalities.
Heart Failure Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2014)

The presentation, underlying causes, management, and outcomes of heart failure vary substantially across LMICs. On average, the use of evidence-based medications tends to be suboptimal. Better strategies for heart failure surveillance and management in LMICs are needed. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Comparison between concurrent and sequential chemoradiation for non-small cell lung cancer in vitro (2013)

Current practice guidelines recommend the combination of chemotherapy and thoracic radiation for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous meta-analyses have shown that concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) may be superior to sequential chemoradiation (SCRT). However, few previous <i>in vitro</i> studies have analyzed these two treatment schedules. In the current study, four lung cancer cell lines harboring wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor, comprising two squamous and two non-squamous cell lines, were used. The IC<sub>10</sub> concentrations of three platinum-based regimens were combined with radiation treatment. Cells were irradiated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy using a <sup>137</sup>Cs irradiator concurrently or sequentially. Surviving fractions (SFs) were plotted as a function of the radiation dose. In A549 cells, only the docetaxel (Doc) and carboplatin (Carbo) combination showed a significant radiosensitizing effect with CCRT treatment. For the other three cell lines, no difference was identified in the SFs between CCRT and SCRT. An <i>in vitro</i> method of comparing CCRT with SCRT was established using lung cancer cell lines. Overall, no significant difference was detected in the radiosensitizing effect of the two treatment schedules, with the exception of the A549 cell lines treated with Doc/Carbo.
Highly-efficient 6.6 W 12 GHz HJFET for power amplifier (2002)

This paper describes successfully developed GaAs-based heterojunction FETs (HJFETs) for Ku-band power amplifier applications with a multi-watt output. The fabricated 0.45 /spl mu/m gate-length HJFET exhibited a maximum drain current of 550 mA/mm, a transconductance of 370 mS/mm, and a gate-to-drain breakdown voltage of 12 V. Power performance for a 1.05 mm gate periphery device demonstrated a maximum output power of 0.81 W with 13.4 dB linear gain and 60% power added efficiency (PAE) at 12 GHz with a drain bias voltage of 7 V. An 8.4 mm HJFET delivered a 5.6 W output power with 13 dB linear gain and 56% PAE at a drain bias of 7 V. At 8 V drain bias, it delivered 6.6 W output power with 12.5 dB linear gain and 50% PAE. These results show the best combination of PAE, gain and output power achieved by a single transistor at this frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>