gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of an Overlay File System for Cloud-Assisted Mobile Apps (2017)

With cloud assistance, mobile apps can offload their resource-demanding computation tasks to the cloud. This leads to a scenario where computation tasks in the same program run concurrently on both the mobile device and the cloud. An important challenge is to ensure that the tasks are able to access and share the files on both the mobile and the cloud in a manner that is efficient, consistent, and transparent to locations. Existing distributed file systems and network file systems do not satisfy these requirements. Current systems for offloading tasks either do not support file access for offloaded tasks or do not offload tasks with file access. The paper addresses this issue by designing and implementing an application-level file system called Overlay File System (OFS). To improve efficiency, OFS maintains and buffers local copies of data sets on both the cloud and the mobile device. OFS ensures consistency and guarantees that all the reads get the latest data. It combines write-invalidate and write-update policies to effectively reduce the network traffic incurred by invalidating/updating stale data copies and to reduce the execution delay when the latest data cannot be accessed locally. To guarantee location transparency, OFS creates a unified view of the data that is location independent and is accessible as local storage. We overcome the challenges caused by the special features of mobile systems on an application-level file system, like the lack of root privilege and state loss when application is killed due to the shortage of resource and implement an easy to deploy prototype of OFS. The paper tests the OFS prototype on Android OS with a real mobile app and real mobile user traces. Extensive experiments show that OFS can effectively support consistent file accesses from computation tasks, no matter whether they are on a mobile device or offloaded to the cloud. In addition, OFS reduce both file access latency and network traffic incurred by file accesses.
Afterpulsing Effects in 1.5 &#x003BC;m Single Photon Avalanche Photodetectors (2006)

The effects of short (~1 ns) gating pulses and blanking on afterpulsing in an InGaAs/InP single photon detector are characterized at 1.5μm. Afterpulse mitigation using gate pulse blanking immediately following detection events is studied, and temporal effects are discussed
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Coatings (2020)

Stimuli-responsive polymers are an important branch of polymer science. Their ability to react to external stimuli in a reversible manner makes them a tempting target in several applications. As these polymers respond to stimuli such as pH, light, biological elements, temperature, and electricity, they can be used as coating layers on different types of materials in order to add more flexible properties. The stimuli-responsive polymers are used in food industry, agriculture, biomedicine, cosmetics, drug delivery, textile industry, and many more. In this chapter, some of the most important stimuli-responsive polymers are discussed and their recent applications in several fields are highlighted.
Teaching Meaningful Explanations (2018)

The adoption of machine learning in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and law has lagged in part because predictions are not accompanied by explanations comprehensible to the domain user, who often holds the ultimate responsibility for decisions and outcomes. In this paper, we propose an approach to generate such explanations in which training data is augmented to include, in addition to features and labels, explanations elicited from domain users. A joint model is then learned to produce both labels and explanations from the input features. This simple idea ensures that explanations are tailored to the complexity expectations and domain knowledge of the consumer. Evaluation spans multiple modeling techniques on a game dataset, a (visual) aesthetics dataset, a chemical odor dataset and a Melanoma dataset showing that our approach is generalizable across domains and algorithms. Results demonstrate that meaningful explanations can be reliably taught to machine learning algorithms, and in some cases, also improve modeling accuracy.
Identification of pyramidal cells as hippocampal neuronal plasticity di (2016)

The activity of single neurons recorded from rabbit hippocampus during classical conditioning of the nicti- tating membrane reflex was studied. All cells were first cate- gorized according to their responses after fornix stimula- tion-i.e., antidromic activation, orthodromic activation, or no activation. The majority of cells that were antidromically ac- tivated-pyramidal cells-showed a highly positive correlation between the pattern of unit discharge and the topography of the nictitating membrane response within trial periods. Units that were orthodromically driven by fornix stimulation tended to inhibit during the presentation of trial stimuli, whereas most non-activated cells maintained low spontaneous levels of ac- tivity at all times. Thus, the major output neurons of the hip- pocampus appear to be the neuroanatomical substrate for the large and rapidly developing neuronal plasticity induced by this classical conditioning paradigm. Identification of neuronal elements that exhibit learning-related changes in activity is a fundamental problem in analysis of neurobiological substrates of learning and memory in higher animals. Particular neurons or classes of neurons in the brain must be shown to exhibit specific changes dependent upon and predictive of the associative aspects of behavioral learning, in contrast to activity that is simply evoked by the sensory stimuli or related to behavioral movements. Putative mechanisms, synaptic or otherwise, cannot be characterized or analyzed until they have been localized. In this paper we report unequivocal identification of a class of neurons in the mammalian brain that show highly significant learning-dependent alterations in ac- tivity. The mammalian hippocampus has been implicated in learning and memory in a wide variety of experimental and clinical conditions (1-4). However, the precise role of the hip- pocampus in learning and the particular hippocampal elements involved have not been clear. We have used a paradigm de- veloped by Gormezano and associates (5)-classical condi- tioning of the nictitating membrane (NM) response in the rabbit-which permits characterization of neuronal changes that relate to the learning aspect of behavior. Recently, we re- ported that a large increase in unit activity (multiple unit re- cordings) develops in the hippocampus over the course of classical conditioning of the NM response (6, 7). These increases begin early in training and are predictive of subsequent be- havioral learning. Increased unit activity does not develop in control animals given unpaired presentations of the stimuli. A substantial increase in multiple unit activity recorded from a brain structure during learning indicates that a significant portion of the neurons participate. However, it is not possible to identify the types of neurons involved. The present study was undertaken to identify the particular class or classes of hippo- campal neurons responsible for this large, learning-dependent increase in activity over the course of classical conditioning.
Systemic Messenger RNA Therapy as a Treatment for Methylmalonic Acidemia (2018)

(Cell Reports 21, 3548–3558; December 19, 2017) In the originally published version of this article, there were two typos when referring to the chemistry of the mRNA used. In the following sentence, 5-methoxy UTP was mistakenly written as 1-methylpseudoUTP. The correct sentence is shown here and now appears with the article online. “Briefly, mRNA was synthesized in vitro by T7 RNA polymerase-mediated transcription where the UTP was substituted with 5-methoxy UTP.” In the following sentence, 5-methoxyU was mistakenly written as pseudoU. The correct sentence is shown here and now appears with the article online. “To develop a new class of therapy for MMA, we generated a 5-methoxyU-modified codon-optimized messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (hMUT).” The authors apologize for the error. Systemic Messenger RNA Therapy as a Treatment for Methylmalonic AcidemiaAn et al.Cell ReportsDecember 19, 2017In BriefAn et al. find that systemically delivered LNP-encapsulated mRNA results in hepatic protein expression. hMUT mRNA expresses functional mitochondrial MUT enzyme, and MMA mouse models show a metabolic and clinical response after mRNA therapy. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Weighing Scale-Based Pulse Transit Time is a Superior Marker of Blood Pressure than Conventional Pulse Arrival Time (2016)

Pulse transit time (PTT) is being widely pursued for cuff-less blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Most efforts have employed the time delay between ECG and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms as a convenient surrogate of PTT. However, these conventional pulse arrival time (PAT) measurements include the pre-ejection period (PEP) and the time delay through small, muscular arteries and may thus be an unreliable marker of BP. We assessed a bathroom weighing scale-like system for convenient measurement of ballistocardiography and foot PPG waveforms - and thus PTT through larger, more elastic arteries - in terms of its ability to improve tracking of BP in individual subjects. We measured "scale PTT", conventional PAT, and cuff BP in humans during interventions that increased BP but changed PEP and smooth muscle contraction differently. Scale PTT tracked the diastolic BP changes well, with correlation coefficient of -0.80 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE) and root-mean-squared-error of 7.6 ± 0.5 mmHg after a best-case calibration. Conventional PAT was significantly inferior in tracking these changes, with correlation coefficient of -0.60 ± 0.04 and root-mean-squared-error of 14.6 ± 1.5 mmHg (p < 0.05). Scale PTT also tracked the systolic BP changes better than conventional PAT but not to an acceptable level. With further development, scale PTT may permit reliable, convenient measurement of BP.
Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Structurally Diverse P‐Stereogenic Phosphinamides for Catalyst Design (2015)

Abstract The use of chiral phosphinamides is relatively unexplored because of the lack of a general method for the synthesis. Reported herein is the development of a general, efficient, and highly enantioselective method for the synthesis of structurally diverse P‐stereogenic phosphinamides. The method relies on nucleophilic substitution of a chiral phosphinate derived from the versatile chiral phosphinyl transfer agent 1,3,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine‐2‐oxide. These chiral phosphinamides were utilized for the first synthesis of readily tunable P‐stereogenic Lewis base organocatalysts, which were used successfully for highly enantioselective catalysis.
NMR Determination of Trace Water in Lithium Salts for Battery Electrolytes (2005)

The Karl Fischer titration is the standard method for the determination of the water content in many materials. However, in particular cases, unwanted side reactions occur which leads to unacceptably large errors. We present here an nuclear magnetron resonance (NMR)-based method for the determination of trace impurities of water in a salt recently developed for lithium ion cells, i.e., lithium bis[1,2-oxalato(2-)-O,O']borate (LiBOB). The method, which may be applied to many lithium salts used in batteries, is able to determine traces of water in the salt down to ∼6 ppm. Errors depend strongly on the salt studied. Deviations from expected values obtained by standard addition were 28% for LiBOB, 4% for and 6% for Using the error propagation law, we estimated an overall error of about 10%. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Streamwise Concave Curvature on Turbulent Boundary Layer Structure. (1982)

Abstract : Concave curvature has a relatively large, unpredictable effect on turbulent boundary layers. Some, but not all previous studies suggest that a large-scale , stationary array of counter-rotating vortices exists within the turbulent boundary layer on a concave wall. The objective of the present study was to obtain a qualitative model of the flow field in order to increase our understanding of the underlying physics. A large free-surface water channel was constructed in order to perform a visual study of the flow. Streamwise components of mean velocity and turbulence intensity were measured using a hot film anemometer. The upstream boundary was spanwise uniform with a momentum thickness to radius of curvature of 0.05. Compared to flat wall flow, large-scale, randomly distributed sweeps and ejections were seen in the boundary layer on the concave wall. The sweeps appear to suppress the normal mechanism for turbulence production near the wall by inhibiting the bursting process. The ejections appear to enhance turbulence production in the outer layers as the low speed fluid convected from regions near the wall interacts with the higher speed fluid farther out. The large-scale structures did not occur at fixed spanwise locations, and could not be called roll cells or vortices. (Author)
The use of glottal electromagnetic micropower sensors (GEMS) in determining a voiced excitation function (1999)

Recent experiments using a portable, extremely low-power electromagnetic motion sensor to detect the motion of the posterior tracheal wall during speech production will be presented. The motion of the wall may be related to the driving subglottal pressure through a lumped element circuit model, leading to an approximation to the voiced excitation function of the human vocal tract. Using the excitation and the recorded spoken audio, a stable and accurate transfer function of the vocal tract may be calculated every few glottal cycles in near real-time. The excitation function may be used to calculate very accurate pitch information at low cost, and the transfer functions may be employed as an additional feature vector to enhance the performance of a new class of speech recognizers and synthesizers. [Work supported by NSF and DOE.]
Detecting Traffic Snooping in Anonymity Networks Using Decoys (2011)

Anonymous communication networks like Tor partially protect the confidentiality of their users' traffic by encrypting all intra-overlay communication. However, when the relayed traffic reaches the boundaries of the overlay network towards its actual destination, the original user traffic is inevitably exposed. At this point, unless end-to-end encryption is used, sensitive user data can be snooped by a malicious or compromised exit node, or by any other rogue network entity on the path towards the actual destination. We explore the use of decoy traffic for the detection of traffic interception on anonymous proxying systems. Our approach is based on the injection of traffic that exposes bait credentials for decoy services that require user authentication. Our aim is to entice prospective eavesdroppers to access decoy accounts on servers under our control using the intercepted credentials. We have deployed our prototype implementation in the Tor network using decoy IMAP and SMTP servers. During the course of six months, our system detected eight cases of traffic interception that involved eight different Tor exit nodes. We provide a detailed analysis of the detected incidents, discuss potential improvements to our system, and outline how our approach can be extended for the detection of HTTP session hijacking attacks.
Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model (2017)

In vitro experiments are essential to understand biological mechanisms; however, the gap between monolayer tissue culture and human physiology is large, and translation of findings is often poor. Thus, there is ample opportunity for alternative experimental approaches. Here we present an approach in which human cells are isolated from human anterior cruciate ligament tissue remnants, expanded in culture, and used to form engineered ligaments. Exercise alters the biochemical milieu in the blood such that the function of many tissues, organs and bodily processes are improved. In this experiment, ligament construct culture media was supplemented with experimental human serum that has been 'conditioned' by exercise. Thus the intervention is more biologically relevant since an experimental tissue is exposed to the full endogenous biochemical milieu, including binding proteins and adjunct compounds that may be altered in tandem with the activity of an unknown agent of interest. After treatment, engineered ligaments can be analyzed for mechanical function, collagen content, morphology, and cellular biochemistry. Overall, there are four major advantages versus traditional monolayer culture and animal models, of the physiological model of ligament tissue that is presented here. First, ligament constructs are three-dimensional, allowing for mechanical properties (i.e., function) such as ultimate tensile stress, maximal tensile load, and modulus, to be quantified. Second, the enthesis, the interface between boney and sinew elements, can be examined in detail and within functional context. Third, preparing media with post-exercise serum allows for the effects of the exercise-induced biochemical milieu, which is responsible for the wide range of health benefits of exercise, to be investigated in an unbiased manner. Finally, this experimental model advances scientific research in a humane and ethical manner by replacing the use of animals, a core mandate of the National Institutes of Health, the Center for Disease Control, and the Food and Drug Administration.
Cyclotron radiation from shaped electron wavefunctions (2023)

Abstract Recent years have shown increasing interest in understanding the role of the wavefunction of a quantum source on the characteristics of its emitted radiation. In this work, we demonstrate that shaping the wavefunction of the source can drastically change the instantaneous emission. We exemplify this concept by examining an electron in cyclotron motion, calculating the angular power distribution of emission by an electron in a Schrodinger cat state. The emitted cyclotron radiation reveals a breakdown of classical–quantum correspondence. The short-time dynamics of the radiation process shows deviations in the power and electron trajectory that disappear at long times, where the predictions of classical electrodynamics are recovered.
OpenMP tasks in IBM XL compilers (2008)

Tasking is the most significant feature included in the new OpenMP 3.0 standard. It was introduced to handle unstructured parallelism and broaden the range of applications that can be parallelized by OpenMP. This paper presents the design and implementation of the task model in the IBM XL parallelizing compilers. The task construct is significantly different from other OpenMP constructs. This paper discusses some of the unique challenges in implementing the task construct and its associated synchronization constructs in the compiler. We also present a performance evaluation of our implementation on a set of benchmarks and applications. We identify limitations in the current implentation and propose solutions for further improvement.
Synthese und Reaktivität von Silicium‐Übergangsmetallkomplexen, XI. Si ‐vinylierte Derivate der Metalle Molybdän, Wolfram und Eisen (1975)

Vinyl-substituierte Si-Übergangsmetallkomplexe der Form π-C5H5(CO)nMSiR2CHCH2 (M  Fe, n  2; M  Mo, W, n = 3; R  CH3, Cl) werden durch heterogene Reaktion von Carbonylmetallaten Na[M(CO)nπ-C5H5] mit Halogenvinylsilanen erhalten. Die chlorierten Vertreter können durch AgBF4 in die fluorierten Spezies π-C5H5(CO)nMSiF2-CH  CH2 oder π-C5H5(CO)nMSiF3 umgewandelt werden. Behandlung der Si-vinylierten Metallkomplexe mit Protonensäuren HX (X  Hal, CF3CO2, CCl3CO2) führt wahlweise zur “normalen” [a) M  W, R  CH3] oder “anomalen” [b) M  Fe, R  CH3] Spaltung der MSi-Einheit, zur Addition an der Vinyleinheit oder zur Substitution der nichtmetallischen Si-Liganden [c) M  Fe, R  Cl]. a) verläuft unter Metallhydridbildung, b) unter Übertragung des Säureanions auf das Übergangsmetall und beansprucht synthetisches Interesse (π-C5H5(CO)2FeF, π-C5H5(CO)2FeOC(O)CCl3). Die Umsetzung mit Phosphor-Yliden bewirkt unter heterolytischer Metall-Silicium-Bindungsspaltung und zusätzlicher Umylidierung einen Übergangsmetall/Carbanion-Austausch am IVB-Element. Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, XI. Si-vinylated Derivatives of the Metals Molybdenum, Tungsten, and Iron Vinyl-substituted silicon transition metal complexes of the type π-C5H5(CO)nMSiR2CHCH2 (M  Fe, n  2; M  Mo, W, n  3; R  CH3, Cl) are obtained by the heterogeneous reaction of carbonylmetal anions Na[M(CO)nπ-C5H5] with chlorovinylsilanes H2CCHSiR2Cl. The chlorine derivatives can be converted into the fluorinated species π-C5H5(CO)nMSiF2-CH  CH2 or π-C5H5(CO)nMSiF3 by use of AgBF4. Interaction of Si-vinylated metal complexes with protic acids HX (X  Hal, CF3CO2, CCl3CO2) gives rise to “normal” [a) M  W, R  CH3] or “anomalous” [b) M  Fe, R  CH3] cleavage of the MSi bond, addition to the vinyl group, or substitution of the nonmetallic Si-ligands [c) M  Fe, R  Cl]. a) proceeds with formation of metal hydride, b) with the transfer of the acid anion to the transition metal and is of synthetic value (π-C5H5(CO)2FeF, π-C5H5(CO)2FeOC(O)CCl3). The reaction with phosphorus ylides results in a transition metal/carbanion exchange on the IVB element via heterolytic metal-silicon bond splitting and additional transylidation.
ChemInform Abstract: An Interesting Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐d][1,2,3]thiadiazole via Decomposition/Recyclization of 3‐Methoxycarbonyl‐1H‐thieno[2,3‐e][1,3,4]thiadiazine 4,4‐Dioxide. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CD30-positive malignant lymphomas: time for a change of management? (2013)

In this issue of Haematologica, Zinzani et al. describe their experience with the anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. A total of 65 heavily pretreated patients who had been treated in a named patient program in nine Italian
Increased Modal Overlap for Improved Sensitivity in a Monolithic Intracavity Chemical Sensor (2007)

We discuss the design and fabrication of an InP-based single-chip chemical sensor with increased modal overlap with a chemical analyte. The fabricated devices use a sensor design with frequency tunable lasers and heterodyne spectrometers. By reducing the waveguide ridge width in one section of the laser, the transverse modal overlap with the analyte increases by 17 times, increasing the sensitivity by the same ratio. A frequency shift of 72 GHz/refractive index unit was measured with temperature effects removed. The frequency stability of this sensor is as low as 436 kHz leading to a minimum detectable index difference of 6 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> .
AnEscherichia coligene responsive to heavy metals (1998)

Using in vivo translational gene fusion in Escherichia coli K-12 we identified a gene that is specifically induced by heavy metals, cadmium, mercury and zinc, at nmolar concentrations. This gene was identified by homology to known zinc and cadmium transporters. We created a disruption of the gene that resulted only in a minor increase in sensitivity to cadmium, suggesting that the fusion, which is at the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule, probably allows for at least partial activity of the protein.