gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strain sensing system using edge-reflection type acoustooptic tunable filter (2012)

An acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) with surface acoustic wave (SAW) on LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was applied to a wavelength monitor as a simple spectrum analyzer in a fiber-optic strain sensing system using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). In this paper, a new AOTF, which is smaller and more reasonable than a conventional AOTF with multi chips cascade connection, has been developed by using a reflection of light at an edge of the chip. Then this new AOTF, instead of an expensive optical spectrum analyzer, has been applied to the strain sensing system. As a result, advantages of light weight, small size, reasonable cost, fast response, no mechanical parts, high reliability and high accuracy have been confirmed in the system.
Noncontact optical detection of explosive particles via photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence (2011)

High-sensitivity (ng/cm²) optical detection of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is demonstrated using photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence (PD-LIF). Detection occurs rapidly, within 6 laser pulses (~7 ns each) at a range of 15 cm. Dropcasting is used to create calibrated samples covering a wide range of TNT concentrations; and a correspondence between fractional area covered by TNT and PD-LIF signal strength is observed. Dropcast data are compared to that of an actual fingerprint. These results demonstrate that PD-LIF could be a viable means of rapidly and remotely scanning surfaces for trace explosive residues.
Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles as a Carrier for On-DemandSorafenib Delivery (2021)

The system herein presented has the potential to exert a therapeutic action (in the nM range) triggering a sustained temperature-controllable release of relevant drugs.
Bounded Gaussian Fingerprints and the Gradient Collusion Attack (2006)

The difficulty of building an effective digital rights management system stems from the fact that traditional cryptographic primitives such as encryption or scrambling do not protect audio or video signals once they are played in plain-text. This fact, commonly referred to as "the analog hole," has been responsible for the popularity of multimedia file sharing which cannot be controlled, at least technically, by content's copyright owners. In this paper, we explore a specific issue in multimedia fingerprinting as an answer to "the analog hole" problem. We analyze the collusion resistance of three large classes of spread-spectrum fingerprints using a recently introduced collusion procedure, the gradient attack. Surprisingly, we show that the collusion resistance of direct-sequence and uniformly distributed spread spectrum fingerprints is a small constant that does not depend on the object size, whereas bounded Gaussian fingerprints demonstrate significantly better robustness to the gradient attack.
Diphenyl difluoroketone (EF-24) modulates dendritic cell responses. (101.30) (2010)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that link the antigen-specific innate host responses with adaptive immunity. They recognize pathogens, pathogen-ligands and inflammatory signals via pattern recognition receptors. Inflammatory signals induce DC maturation and release of cytokines, chemokines and chemical mediators. We synthesized EF24, a known more potent analog of curcumin, and studied its immunomodulatory properties using immortalized murine DCs (JAWS II). We hypothesized that pharmacological downregulation of proinflammatory pathway by EF24 may suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phenotypic and functional changes in DCs. Murine bone marrow-derived JAWSII DCs were incubated with 1-10 µM EF24 with or without LPS (100 ng/ml). We investigated cell viability, morphology, expression of DC-specific markers and TLR4, NF-κB activity and cytokines. The short- and long-term treatment with EF24 suppressed the LPS-induced expression of DC-markers (CD80, CD86, MHC class II). Immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in the cells was significantly reduced. Electrophoretic-mobility shift assay showed inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation. EF24 also reduced the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in DCs. There was no effect of EF24 on viability of DCs in the concentrations used. Overall, our results suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of EF24 may be of therapeutic value in inflammatory conditions, such as septic shock.
Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Molecular Imaging Agents Using Covalent Conjugates of Pyrenebutyrate (2008)

Introduction: The hydrophobic nature of the lipid bilayer makes it impossible for a vast variety of proteins and peptides to cross the plasma membrane. Exceptions to this rule are membrane transducing peptides commonly known as cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). These short cationic peptides have been extensively used in the last years to deliver various exogenous cargos into cells. A better understanding of the mechanism of internalization for CPPs revealed primarily endocytotic uptake. Thus, the confinement of internalized biomolecules into endosomes becomes evident. In 2006, Takeuchi et al. came up with an interesting approach of co-incubating CPP with the counteranion pyrenebutyrate (PB) to obtain rapid cytosolic delivery (1). But this strategy, like most noncovalent co-incubation methods, not only works best with molar excess of PB but is also reported to be not applicable in the presence of medium or serum. In this study, we attempt to improve over the above approach by covalently coupling PB with the CPP attached to (Gd)DOTA (a MRI agent) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for MR and optical imaging as well.
Stable Superhydrophobic Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Films by Electrostatic Self-Assembly (2005)

Organic-inorganic hybrid films were prepared through layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and ZrO(2) nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), allowing facile control of surface roughness and hydrophobicity. Superhydrophobic behavior was observed after deposition of silica nanoparticles and a simple fluorination of the surface. The structure of films was controlled by the number of deposition cycles using PAA-coated 100 nm ZrO(2) nanoparticles, the particle size, and the prelayer with PAH and PAA. The change in the apparent water contact angle of (PAH/PAA-coated ZrO(2)n surfaces without fluorination of the surface agrees with Cassie and Baxter's model for nonwetted surfaces even though the outermost surface itself is hydrophilic. Superhydrophobic surfaces were then successfully developed by the deposition of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on a 10 bilayer surface of PAH/PAA-coated ZrO(2), and a simple fluorination. Moreover, the chemical stability of the film was greatly increased by heat-induced cross-linking of the film. The incorporation of ZrO(2) nanoparticles in superhydrophobic films promises better mechanical properties than the organic film.
Mechanically Implementable Accommodation Matrices for Passive Force Control (1999)

Robot force control implemented by means of passive mechanical devices has inherent advantages over active implementations with regard to stability, response rapidity, and physical robustness. The class of devices considered in this paper consists of a Stewart platform-type mechanism interconnected with a network of adjustable mechanical elements such as springs and dampers. The control law repertoire of such a device, imagined as a robot wrist, is given by the range of admittance matrices that it may be programmed to possess. This paper focuses on wrists incorporating damper networks for which the admittance matrices reduce to accommodation or inverse-damping matrices. We show that a hydraulic network of fully adjustable damper elements may attain any diagonally dominant accommodation matrix. We describe the technique of selecting the individual damping coefficients to design a desired matrix. We identify the set of dominant matrices as a polyhedral convex cone in the space of matrix entries, and show that each dominant matrix can be composed of a positive linear combination of a fixed set of basis matrices. The overall wrist-accommodation matrix is obtained by projecting the accommodation matrix of the damper network through the wrist kinematics. The linear combination of the dominant basis matrices projected through the wrist kinematics generates the entire space of mechanically implementable force-control laws. We quantify the versatility of mechanically implementable force-control laws by comparing this space to the space of all matrices.
Ranking objects based on relationships and fixed associations (2009)

Text corpora are often enhanced by additional metadata which relate real-world entities, with each document in which such entities are discussed. Such relationships are typically obtained through widely available Information Extraction tools. At the same time, interesting known associations typically hold among these entities. For instance, a corpus might contain discussions on hotels, cities and airlines; fixed associations among these entities may include: airline A operates a flight to city C, hotel H is located in city C.
Data from MicroRNA Alterations of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are likely to contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer and may serve as markers for the early detection of pancreatic neoplasia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To identify the miRNA alterations that arise during the development of pancreatic cancer, we determined the levels of 735 miRNAs in 34 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) and 15 normal pancreatic duct samples isolated by laser capture microdissection using TaqMan miRNA microarrays. Differential expression of selected miRNAs was confirmed by FISH analysis and by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected candidate miRNAs in an independent set of PanIN and normal duct samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified 107 aberrantly expressed miRNAs in different PanIN grades compared with normal pancreatic duct samples and 35 aberrantly expressed miRNAs in PanIN-3 lesions compared with normal pancreatic duct samples. These differentially expressed miRNAs included those that have been previously identified as differentially expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC; including miR-21, miR-200a/b/c, miR-216a/b, miR-217, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-182, miR-196b, miR-203, miR-222, miR-338-3p, miR-486-3p, etc.) as well as miRNAs not previously described as differentially expressed in these lesions (miR-125b, miR-296-5p, miR-183*, miR-603, miR-625/*, miR-708, etc.). miR-196b was the most selectively differentially expressed miRNA in PanIN-3 lesions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Many miRNAs undergo aberrant expression in PanIN lesions and are likely to be important in the development of PDAC. The miRNAs, such as miR-196b, whose expression is limited to PanIN-3 lesions or pancreatic cancers could be useful as diagnostic markers. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 981–92. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An Unusual Intramolecular Acetal Alkylation (2005)

Upon treatment with Grignard reagents, suitably functionalized cis-fused bicyclic ketone acetals undergo intramolecular acetal alkylation to provide oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. This transformation results in the formation of up to three stereogenic centers with high levels of stereoselectivity. Product distribution and stereochemistry vary with substrate substitution and the Grignard reagent utilized.
Jet impingement boiling of a dielectric coolant in narrow gaps (1995)

An experimental investigation into the effect of the chip-to-orifice gap was conducted for jet-impingement boiling of FC-72 at the back surface of a 6.5-mm square thermal chip on a 28-mm square ceramic substrate. Four different types of jets were used, all of them employing a single 0.50-mm diameter orifice. A fixed-position jet impingement pin with the orifice centered on a flat face measuring 7.62 mm on an edge was used as a base case. This jet supported a heat flux of about 120 W/cm/sup 2/ at a reasonable flowrate. Variable-position jet impingement pistons were shown to perform as well as, but no better than the base case. Additional tests were conducted to investigate performance with variation in the chip-to-orifice gap. Thermal performance was found to be insensitive to the gap at large spacing, but below some specific gap it degraded with decreasing gap. A sudden jump in the chip temperature was discovered to occur at a specific gap. This gap length was found to vary with jet flowrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Atomistic Origins of Temperature Dependent Shear Strength in 2D Materials (2018)

A model that predicts the macro-scale temperature-dependent interfacial shear strength of 2D materials like MoS2 based on atomistic mechanisms and energetic barriers to sliding has been developed. Atomistic simulations were used to systematically determine the lamellar size-dependent rotation and translation energy barriers, that were used to accurately predict a broad range of experimental data. This framework provides insights about the origins of characteristic shear strengths of 2D materials.
Water-soluble renin inhibitors: design of a subnanomolar inhibitor with a prolonged duration of action (1990)

Incorporation of nonreactive polar functionalities at the C- and N-termini of renin inhibitors led to the development of a subnanomolar compound (21) with millimolar solubility. This inhibitor demonstrated excellent efficacy and a long duration of action upon intravenous administration to monkeys. While activity was also observed intraduodenally, a comparison of the blood pressure responses indicated low bioavailability. Subsequent experiments in rats showed that, although the compound was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, extensive liver extraction severely limited bioavailability.
Ballistic Puncture Self-Healing Polymeric Materials (2017)

Space exploration launch costs on the order of $10,000 per pound provide an incentive to seek ways to reduce structural mass while maintaining structural function to assure safety and reliability. Damage-tolerant structural systems provide a route to avoiding weight penalty while enhancing vehicle safety and reliability. Self-healing polymers capable of spontaneous puncture repair show promise to mitigate potentially catastrophic damage from events such as micrometeoroid penetration. Effective self-repair requires these materials to quickly heal following projectile penetration while retaining some structural function during the healing processes. Although there are materials known to possess this capability, they are typically not considered for structural applications. Current efforts use inexpensive experimental methods to inflict damage, after which analytical procedures are identified to verify that function is restored. Two candidate self-healing polymer materials for structural engineering systems are used to test these experimental methods.
<title>Electric field effect on the persistent hole burning of quinone derivatives</title> (1991)

The capacity of optical memories can be enhanced by using extra dimensions to store the signals besides the spatial dimension. We have investigated the photochemical persistent hole burning (PHB) reaction in a series of quinone derivatives as the guest molecules. In wavelength dimension, we showed that 600 ultra-high multiple spectral holes can be recorded in a double layered system. To increase the multiplicity of spectral holes, we intended to use electric field as another dimension. We have investigated the influence of electric field effect (Stark effect) in the PHB reaction characteristics. We observed for the first time with the quinone derivative systems that the burnt holes were broadened and then diminished when the applied electric field was changed, and that they reappeared when the applied electric field was changed again to the initial value. Multiple hole formation in the electric field dimension and optical modulation by electric field were also achieved.
multifraction separation in countercurrent chromatography (MCSGP) (2013)

The multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process is a continuous countercurrent multicolumn chromatography process capable of performing three fraction separations while applying a linear gradient of some modifier. This process can then be used either for the purification of a single species from a multicomponent mixture or to separate a three component mixture in one single operation. In this work, this process is extended to the separation of multifractions, in principle with no limitation. To achieve this goal the MCSGP standard process is extended by introducing one extra separation section per extra fraction to be isolated. Such an extra separation section is realized in this work through a single additional column, so that a n fraction MCSGP process can be realized using a minimum of n columns. Two separation processes were considered to experimentally demonstrate the possibility of realizing a four-fraction MCSGP unit able to purify two intermediate products in a given multicomponent mixture. The first one was a model mixture containing four different proteins. The two proteins eluting in the center of the chromatogram were purified with yields equal to 95% for the early eluting and 92% for the later eluting one. The corresponding purities were 94% and 97%, respectively. Such performance was well superior to that of the batch operation with the same modifier gradient which for the same purity values could not achieve yields larger than 67% and 81%, respectively. Similar performance improvements were found for the second separation where two out of seven charge variants which constitute the mAb Cetuximab currently available on the market have been purified in one single operation using a four-fraction MCSGP unit. In this case, yields of 81% and 65% were obtained with purities of 90% and 89%, respectively. These data compare well with the corresponding data from batch chromatography where with the same gradient and for the same purities, yield values not larger than 49% and 34%, respectively, could be achieved.
Transport of Nanoparticles in Cystic Fibrosis Sputum and Bacterial Biofilms by Single-Particle Tracking Microscopy (2012)

This study's data suggest that for future nanocarrier design it will be essential to combine PEGylation with a targeting moiety to ensure sufficient mobility in mucus and a better accumulation of the nanoparticles in the biofilm.
Efficacy of the novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor PTC‐028 for myelodysplastic syndrome (2020)

Monomer tubulin polymerize into microtubules, which are highly dynamic and play a critical role in mitosis. Therefore, microtubule dynamics are an important target for anticancer drugs. The inhibition of tubulin polymerization or depolymerization was previously targeted and exhibited efficacy against solid tumors. The novel small molecule PTC596 directly binds tubulin, inhibits microtubule polymerization, downregulates MCL-1, and induces p53-independent apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. We herein investigated the efficacy of PTC-028, a structural analog of PTC596, for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). PTC-028 suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in MDS cell lines. The efficacy of PTC028 in primary MDS samples was confirmed using cell proliferation assays. PTC-028 synergized with hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine and azacitidine, to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in MDS cells. Mechanistically, a treatment with PTC-028 induced G2/M arrest followed by apoptotic cell death. We also assessed the efficacy of PTC-028 in a xenograft mouse model of MDS using the MDS cell line, MDS-L, and the AkaBLI bioluminescence imaging system, which is composed of AkaLumine-HCl and Akaluc. PTC-028 prolonged the survival of mice in xenograft models. The present results suggest a chemotherapeutic strategy for MDS through the disruption of microtubule dynamics in combination with DNA hypomethylating agents.
Optimal control of unimolecular reactions in the collisional regime (1991)

The possibility of controlling unimolecular–dissociation processes with multiple laser fields in the collisional regime is examined. Employing the Bloch equations to describe optical excitation and decay processes, optimal control theory is used to design amplitude modulated fields which produce the desired excited-state products. The selectivity of the product distribution of a simple four-state photodissociation system is shown to have a square-root dependence on the relative value of the mean dephasing time T2 to the pulse length τ, i.e, (T2/τ)1/2. The equivalence between T2 decay and phase disruptions occurring in a random-walk fashion is also examined. In the Appendix it is shown that the essential effect of the system temperature is to introduce a Boltzmann population factor on the product selectivity without affecting the nature of the optimal field.
Constellation Manipulation for Optical Multicasted Hexadecimal Coding/Decoding of 10-Gbaud/s 16-QAM Using Non-degenerate FWM in HNLFs (2012)

By exploiting non-degenerate four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fibers assisted by two phase-modulated pumps, we report optical multicasted hexadecimal coding/decoding of 16-QAM. Constellation manipulation for a 10-Gbaud/s 16-QAM signal is demonstrated with OSNR penalties of &lt;2.4 dB for multicasted coding and &lt;1.6 dB for decoding.
Cryo-EM structures reveal a multistep mechanism of Hsp90 activation by co-chaperone Aha1 (2020)

Abstract Hsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that facilitates the folding and maturation of hundreds of cellular “client” proteins. The ATP-driven client maturation process is regulated by a large number of co-chaperones. Among them, Aha1 is the most potent activator of Hsp90 ATPase activity and thus dramatically affects Hsp90’s client proteins. To understand the Aha1 activation mechanism, we determined full-length Hsp90:Aha1 structures in six different states by cryo-electron microscopy, including nucleotide-free semi-closed, nucleotide-bound pre-hydrolysis, and semi-hydrolyzed states. Our structures demonstrate that the two Aha1 domains can each interact with Hsp90 in two different modes, uncovering a complex multistep activation mechanism. The results show that Aha1 accelerates the chemical step of ATP hydrolysis like a conventional enzyme, but most unusually, catalyzes the rate-limiting large-scale conformational changes of Hsp90 fundamentally required for ATP hydrolysis. Our work provides a structural framework to guide small molecule development targeting this critical modulator of client protein maturation.
The complete primary structure of GTP:AMP phosphotransferase from beef heart mitochondria (1986)

To complete the amino acid sequence of GTP:AMP phosphotransferase (MgGTP + AMP in equilibrium with MgGDP + ADP) from beef heart mitochondria it was necessary to sequence an intermediate region of about 33 residues after position 102 [(1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 143, 331-339] and find a suitable overlap with the rest of the protein. The required peptides were obtained by cleaving the enzyme with endoproteinase Lys-C. One peptide, covering the region from residue 79 to 144, was sequenced up to residue 124. Another peptide, extending from residue 79 to 169, was subcleaved with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and provided the fragment from residue 99 to 139 which was sequenced. Several other peptides from endoproteinase Lys-C cleavage were used to check large sections of the previously published sequence work. The complete sequence contains 225 amino acids and has an Mr of 25 469.