gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downscaling a HEMPT to micro-Newton Thrustlevels: current status and latest results (2015)

Space, Germany
Since 2009 Airbus DS Space Systems, Friedrichshafen, has been investigating Electric
Propulsion (EP) systems for high precision attitude and position control of spacecrafts.
As a start, an experimental measurement campaign to demonstrate the feasibility of down
scaling the High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thruster (HEMPT), developed by Thales
at Ulm in Germany, to the micro-Newton thrust level was initiated in close cooperation
with university research groups. The HEMPT is potentially an attractive micro-Newton
thruster concept because of the unique advantages of the HEMPT principle, e.g. nearly
erosion-free operation and simple system and interface design with just one high voltage
supply and one mass flow controller. We designed a next generation μHEMPT with a thrust
range between 50 μN to 500 μN, a specific inpuls of more than 2000 s, a divergence efficiency
of more than 80% and a mass efficiency of around 70% . The proceeding will wrap up the
thruster design and key parameters of the thruster and the performed measurements will
be summarised
Human brain imaging at 9.4 T using a tunable patch antenna for transmission (2012)

For human brain imaging at ultrahigh fields, the traveling wave concept can provide a more uniform B1+ field over a larger field of view with improved patient comfort compared to conventional volume coils. It suffers, however, from limited transmit efficiency and receive sensitivity and is not readily applicable in systems where the radiofrequency shield is too narrow to allow for unattenuated wave propagation. Here, the near field of a capacitively adjustable patch antenna for excitation is combined with a receive-only array at 9.4 T. The antenna is designed in compact size and placed in close proximity to the subject to improve the transmit efficiency in narrow bores. Experimental and numerical comparisons to conventional microstrip arrays reveal improved B1+ homogeneity and longitudinal coverage, but at the cost of elevated local specific absorption rate. High-resolution functional and anatomical images demonstrate the use of this setup for in vivo human brain imaging at 9.4 T.
Substituent effects on energetics and crystal morphology modulate singlet fission in 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracenes (2019)

Singlet fission (SF) converts a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons in two or more electronically coupled organic chromophores, which may then be used to increase solar cell efficiency. Many known SF chromophores are unsuitable for device applications due to chemical instability or low triplet state energies. The results described here show that efficient SF occurs in derivatives of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA), which is a highly robust and tunable chromophore. Fluoro and methoxy substituents at the 4- and 4'-positions of the BPEA phenyl groups control the intermolecular packing in the crystal structure, which alters the interchromophore electronic coupling, while also changing the SF energetics. The lowest excited singlet state (S<sub>1</sub>) energy of 4,4'-difluoro-BPEA is higher than that of BPEA so that the increased thermodynamic favorability of SF results in a (16 ± 2 ps)<sup>-1</sup> SF rate and a 180% ± 16% triplet yield, which is about an order of magnitude faster than BPEA with a comparable triplet yield. By contrast, 4-fluoro-4'-methoxy-BPEA and 4,4'-dimethoxy-BPEA have slower SF rates, (90 ± 20 ps)<sup>-1</sup> and (120 ± 10 ps)<sup>-1</sup>, and lower triplet yields, (110 ± 4)% and (168 ± 7)%, respectively, than 4,4'-difluoro-BPEA. These differences are attributed to changes in the crystal structure controlling interchromophore electronic coupling as well as SF energetics in these polycrystalline solids.
On The Performance of Human Visual System Based Image Quality Assessment Metric Using Wavelet Domain (2008)

International audience
Structural transformation begets multiple functions in the viral life cycle (2018)

Proteins, particularly viral proteins, can be multifunctional, but the mechanism(s) behind this trait are not fully understood. Here, we illustrate through multiple crystal structures, biochemistry and cellular microscopy that the VP40 matrix protein of ebolavirus rearranges into different structures, each with a distinct function required for the virus life cycle. A butterfly-shaped VP40 dimer trafficks to the cellular membrane. There, electrostatic interactions trigger rearrangement of the polypeptide into a linear hexamer. These hexamers construct a multilayered, filamentous matrix structure that is critical for budding and resembles tomograms of authentic virions. A third structure of VP40, formed by a different rearrangement, is not involved in virus assembly, but instead uniquely binds RNA to regulate viral transcription inside infected cells. These results provide a functional model for ebolavirus matrix assembly and the other roles of VP40 in the virus life cycle, and demonstrate how a single, wild-type, unmodified polypeptide can assemble into different structures for different functions.
On-chip mass sensing at the physical limits of nanoelectromechanical systems (2013)

A tunable and self-regulating on-chip carbon nano-tube based mass balance is presented for small-size and low-cost environmental and healthcare applications. Tube stretching and a phase-locked loop topology make the system widely universal and invariant to nanotube characteristics. Operational for tube eigenfrequencies up to 385MHz, the circuit integration in a 180nm technology achieves instantaneous zeptogram resolution, while yoctogram precision is obtained within the tenth of a second. These figures of merit range at the physical limits of carbon nanotube resonators.
Algorithm 806: SPRNG (2000)

In this article we present background, rationale, and a description of the Scalable Parallel Random Number Generators (SPRNG) library. We begin by presenting some methods for parallel pseudorandom number generation. We will focus on methods based on parameterization, meaning that we will not consider splitting methods such as the leap-frog or blocking methods. We describe, in detail, parameterized versions of the following pseudorandom number generators: (i) linear congruential generators, (ii) shift-register generators, and (iii) lagged-Fibonacci generators. We briefly describe the methods, detail some advantages and disadvantages of each method, and recount results from number theory that impact our understanding of their quality in parallel applications. SPRNG was designed around the uniform implementation of different families of parameterized random number generators. We then present a short description of SPRNG. The description contained within this document is meant only to outline the rationale behind and the capabilities of SPRNG. Much more information, including examples and detailed documentation aimed at helping users with putting and using SPRNG on scalable systems is available at htt;//sprng.sc.fsu.edu. In this description of SPRNG we discuss the random-number generator library as well as the suite of tests of randomness that is an integral part of SPRNG. Random-number tools for parallel Monte Carlo applications must be subjected to classical as well as new types of empirical tests of randomness to eliminate generators that show defects when used in scalable envionments.
Fabricating Nanoscale DNA Patterns with Gold Nanowires (2010)

Surface patterns of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) consisting of nanoscale lines as thin as 40 nm were fabricated on polymer substrates for nanotechnology and bioaffinity sensing applications. Large scale arrays (with areas up to 4 cm(2)) of ssDNA "nanolines" were created on streptavidin-coated polymer (PDMS) surfaces by transferring biotinylated ssDNA from a master pattern of gold nanowires attached to a glass substrate. The gold nano-wires were first formed on the glass substrate by the process of lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE), and then "inked" with biotinylated ssDNA by hybridization adsorption to a thiol-modified ssDNA monolayer attached to the gold nanowires. The transferred ssDNA nanolines were capable of hybridizing with ssDNA from solution to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) patterns; a combination of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were used to characterize the dsDNA nanoline arrays. To demonstrate the utility of these surfaces for biosensing, optical diffraction measurements of the hybridization adsorption of DNA-coated gold nanoparticles onto the ssDNA nanoline arrays were used to detect a specific target sequence of unlabeled ssDNA in solution.
Adaptive step-size digital controller for switching frequency auto-tuning (2008)

A switching frequency auto-tuning digital controller for a power converter with adaptive step-size is presented in this paper. The controller automatically tracks and finds the switching frequency of a power converter in order to achieve highest power conversion efficiency under variable conditions and load. The adaptive controller utilizes a proposed adaptive variable-step-size function to improve the convergence speed and convergences error. The auto-tuning controller with the proposed adaptive step-size function is discussed and verified in this paper.
Stable Force Control of Industrial Robot Based on Spring Ratio and Instantaneous State Observer (2016)

To achieve force control of an industrial robot, this paper proposes a new force control method based on the spring ratio and the instantaneous state observer. To analyze the behavior of an industrial robot in contact with the environment, this paper analyzes a two-inertia system in contact with the environment. On the basis of the resonance ratio considering the environment, this paper shows that the stability of the resonance ratio control depends on the bandwidth of the torsional torque estimation. To achieve stable resonance ratio control, this paper employs the resonance ratio control with the instantaneous state observer. In addition, a force control system using the I-P force controller and the instantaneous state observer is employed. This paper shows that the resonance ratio of the force control system is determined to be the spring ratio S. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by a numerical simulation and experiments using the industrial robot arm.
Effect of inclination angle on fiber rupture load in fiber reinforced cementitious composites (2002)

A model has been formulated for analyzing the influence of fiber inclination angle on its rupture load in fiber reinforced cementitious composite. As a stiff fiber is pulled with an angle to the direction of pulling, the fiber rupture load decreases compared to the case with zero inclination angles. This phenomenon is called fiber apparent strength (defined as rupture load divided by fiber cross-section area) degradation. A parametric study, including the influence of elastic moduli of fiber and matrix, fiber/matrix interfacial bond strength as well as fiber orientation in matrix on the fiber apparent strength is carried out. The model results indicate that with the increase of fiber inclination angle, fiber apparent strength decreases. In addition, fiber apparent strength degradation degree is influenced by the elastic moduli of fiber and matrix and fiber/matrix interfacial bond strength. A fiber rupture test of carbon fiber in cementitious matrix was used for model verification. Model predictions based on independent parametric input compare favorably with experimental measurements of fiber apparent strength.
Improvisation for Prefrontal Rehabilitation (2011)

The chapter begins with an introduction to the relevant fields of practice and research and draws a link between prefrontal function and improvisation. Next, I describe an initiative I recently performed at the Yad Sara day rehabilitation center in Ra’anana, Israel, where improvisation training was used as a rehabilitation method. Subsequently, general guidelines are proposed for the application of this method for neuropsychological rehabilitation. The chapter ends with open research questions and future directions.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐METAL BOND CLEAVAGE REACTIONS. THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (2,2′‐BIPYRIDYL)CADMIUM TETRACARBONYLIRON, (BPY)CDFE(CO)4 (1977)

Abstract Der Titelkomplex kristallisiert aus heißem 1,2,4‐Trichlorbenzol als Trimeres der Stöchiometrie [(bpy2CdFe(CO)4]3 ‐ 3/4 C 6 H 3 Cl 3 .
An inverse hyper-spherical harmonics-based formulation for reconstructing 3D volumetric lung deformations (2010)

A method to estimate the deformation operator for the 3D volumetric lung dynamics of human subjects is described in this paper. For known values of air flow and volumetric displacement, the deformation operator and subsequently the elastic properties of the lung are estimated in terms of a Green's function. A Hyper-Spherical Harmonic (HSH) transformation is employed to compute the deformation operator. The hyper-spherical coordinate transformation method discussed in this paper facilitates accounting for the heterogeneity of the deformation operator using a finite number of frequency coefficients. Spirometry measurements are used to provide values for the airflow inside the lung. Using a 3D optical flow-based method, the 3D volumetric displacement of the left and right lungs, which represents the local anatomy and deformation of a human subject, was estimated from 4D-CT dataset. Results from an implementation of the method show the estimation of the deformation operator for the left and right lungs of a human subject with non-small cell lung cancer. Validation of the proposed method shows that we can estimate the Young's modulus of each voxel within a 2% error level.
Electronic Band Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) (2003)

Photocatalytic activity in the water splitting of Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) with a layered structure was highly dependent on their electronic band structure. The conduction band of La2Ti2O7 consisted mainly of Ti 3d and La 5d, whereas the valence band consisted mainly of O 2p and Ti 3d. The empty La 4f level was found to be located ca. 3.6 eV above the bottom of the conduction band from both the electronic band-structure calculation and the XPS measurement. The occupied and unoccupied Ln 4f level in Ln2Ti2O7 was shifted to lower energy as the number of 4f electrons increased. This shift of the Ln 4f band made it possible for the band-gap energy of both Pr2Ti2O7 and Nd2Ti2O7 to be decreased. For Nd2Ti2O7, the unoccupied Nd 4f level located between the conduction band and the valence band was found to be detrimental to photocatalytic activity in water splitting because it could act as an electron-trapping site.
1,1,6,7-Tetrafluoroindanes: improved liquid crystals for LCD-TV application (2004)

New materials based on the 1,1,6,7-tetrafluoroindane skeleton were synthesized via ortho-metallation and intramolecular Heck cyclization followed by an oxidative fluorination procedure. The materials offer improved properties over liquid crystals currently employed in flat panel LCD-TVs.
Head Impact Exposure in Female Collegiate Soccer by Activity Type (2023)

Soccer, one of the most popular sports in the world, has one of the highest rates of sports-related concussions. Additionally, soccer players are frequently exposed to nonconcussive impacts from intentionally heading the ball, a fundamental component of the sport. There have been many studies on head impact exposure in soccer, but few focus on soccer practices or practice activities. This study aimed to characterize the frequency and magnitude of head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female soccer practice activities using a custom-fit instrumented mouthpiece. Sixteen players were instrumented over the course of 54 practice sessions. Video analysis was performed to verify all mouthpiece-recorded events and classify practice activities. Category groupings of practice activities include technical training, team interaction, set pieces, position-specific, and other. Differences in head impact rates and peak resultant kinematics were observed across activity types and category groupings. Technical training had the highest impact rate compared to other category groupings. Impacts occurring during set piece activities had the highest mean kinematic values. Understanding drill exposure can help inform coaches on training plans aimed to reduce head impact exposure for their athletes.
SERPINA1 modulates expression of amyloidogenic transthyretin (2020)

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is caused by amyloid deposition of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) in various tissues. Recently, reduction of circulating serum TTR, achieved via silencing oligonucleotides, was introduced as therapy of ATTR amyloidosis. We explored the impact of Serpin Family A Member 1 (SERPINA1) on TTR mRNA and protein expression. Oncostatin M (OSM) induced SERPINA1 in hepatoma cells and mice, while concomitantly TTR expression was significantly reduced. SERPINA1 knockdown resulted in specific elevated TTR expression in hepatoma cells; however other genes belonging to the group of acute phase proteins were unaffected. In mice, serum TTR was elevated after mSERPINA1 knockdown throughout antisense treatment. Following SERPINA1 knockdown, TTR deposition in several tissues, including dorsal root ganglia and intestine, was found to be increased, however numbers did not exceed significance levels. The data suggest that SERPINA1 is a co-factor of TTR expression. Our findings provide novel insight in the regulation of TTR and reveal a role of SERPINA1 in the pathogenesis of ATTR amyloidosis.
Activation of p53 with Ilimaquinone and Ethylsmenoquinone, Marine Sponge Metabolites, Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Colon Cancer Cells (2015)

The tumor suppressor, p53, plays an essential role in the cellular response to stress through regulating the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Here, we used a cell-based reporter system for the detection of p53 response transcription to identify the marine sponge metabolites, ilimaquinone and ethylsmenoquinone, as activators of the p53 pathway. We demonstrated that ilimaquinone and ethylsmenoquinone efficiently stabilize the p53 protein through promotion of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 in both HCT116 and RKO colon cancer cells. Moreover, both compounds upregulate the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a p53-dependent gene, and suppress proliferation of colon cancer cells. In addition, ilimaquinone and ethylsmenoquinone induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased caspase-3 cleavage and the population of cells that positively stained with Annexin V-FITC, both of which are typical biochemical markers of apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy was elicited by both compounds, as indicated by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta formations and LC3-II turnover in HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that ilimaquinone and ethylsmenoquinone exert their anti-cancer activity by activation of the p53 pathway and may have significant potential as chemo-preventive and therapeutic agents for human colon cancer.
Costimulatory molecules are active in the human xenoreactive T-cell response but not in natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity. (2000)

We conclude that the costimulation-modulating agents block human anti-porcine T-cell responses in vitro predominantly through interruption of costimulation derived from responding cells. They have no effect on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Genomic Profiling of Cancers of Unknown Primary Site (2015)

A recent article by Ross et al 1 reported the results of comprehensive genomic profiling of cancers of unknown primary (CUPs) and documents frequent occurrence of clinically relevant genomic alterations.We describe herein the outcome of a case of CUP, which may serve to illustrate both the benefit of personalized therapy and potential pitfalls.A man in his 60s presented with CUP involving bones and lymph nodes.He had a history of stage II testicular seminoma, treated with orchiectomy and radiation therapy, and this disease had been in remission for 5 years.Bone pain led to the diagnosis of multiple lytic bone metastases.Excisional biopsy of a supraclavicular node demonstrated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling and positron emission tomography were inconclusive for the primary site.The patient was empirically treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel with a good clinical and radiographic response.After initiation of chemotherapy, results of tumor genomic profiling became available.ErbB2 amplification and a BRCA1 mutation were found.Therefore, trastuzumab was added to the last 2 cycles of chemotherapy and continued as maintenance therapy.After completion of chemotherapy, lapatinib was prescribed in addition to trastuzumab.Two years after diagnosis of CUP, the patient remained free of disease progression or symptoms.Although this patient's disease responded well to chemotherapy, durable remission after chemotherapy is rare in CUP.Bone metastasis is associated with poor survival in CUP. 2 Therefore, it is tempting to attribute the unusually long progressionfree interval to ErbB2-directed maintenance therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib.The tumor also harbored a mutant BRCA1 allele, which was independently detected by our institutional research study of tumor genome sequencing (UNCSeq: NCT01457196). 3 The patient was referred to genetic counseling, and standard genetic testing confirmed him to be a germline carrier of a common BRCA1 founder mutation, 5385insC (formerly 5382insC). 4 The wild-type allele of BRCA1 was retained in the tumor, and it is unclear whether the tumor is predisposed to respond to therapy targeting BRCA1 loss of function.Tumor profiling led to the diagnosis of his germline BRCA1 mutation, which raised serious implications for his children's risk of cancer and their decisions regarding genetic testing.Tumor genomic profiling may yield additional treatment options with long-term clinical benefit.However, clinicians and patients should be made aware that there may be unanticipated consequences for patients and their families from detection of germline variants.
Optimization and Inverse-design Techniques for Metalens Synthesis (2021)

Phase-gradient metasurfaces enable designers to tailor the behavior of electromagnetic waves at surfaces by exploiting the generalized form of Snell’s law. This ability has led to the investigation of metalenses which have the potential to significantly reduce the size, weight, and power (SWaP) of conventional optical systems. While traditional lenses are made from individual glasses, metalenses are comprised of patterned meta-atom unit Cells which are arranged in such a way so as to give the metalens its desired behavior. Therefore, any metalens’s performance is ultimately determined by that of its underlying unit cell components. However, designing meta-atoms that simultaneously achieve high performance over wide frequency bandwidths and fields-of-view is an extremely challenging problem that is best addressed with powerful optimization and inverse-design techniques.
Late stage erythroid precursor production is impaired in mice with chronic inflammation (2012)

Our results suggest that chronic inflammation inhibits late stages of erythroid production in the turpentine-induced sterile abscess model and induces features of impaired erythropoiesis which are distinct from those in hepcidin transgenic mice.