gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental realization of a photonic Bell-state analyzer (2005)

Efficient teleportation is a crucial step for quantum computation and quantum networking. In the case of qubits, four different entangled Bell states have to be distinguished. We have realized a probabilistic, but in principle deterministic, Bell-state analyzer for two photonic quantum bits by the use of a nondestructive controlled-NOT gate based on entirely linear optical elements. This gate was capable of distinguishing between all of the Bell states with higher than 75% fidelity without any noise substraction due to utilizing quantum interference effects.
Generating 5D Light Fields in Scattering Media for Representing 3D Images (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for displaying 3D images based on a 5D light field representation. In our method, the light fields emitted by a light field projector are projected into 3D scattering media such as fog. The intensity of light lays projected into the scattering media decreases because of the scattering effect of the media. As a result, 5D light fields are generated in the scattering media. The proposed method models the relationship between the 5D light fields and observed images, and uses the relationship for projecting light fields so that the observed image changes according to the viewpoint of observers. In order to achieve accurate and efficient 3D image representation, we describe the relationship not by using a parametric model, but by using an observation based model obtained from a point spread function (PSF) of scattering media. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Ferric uptake regulator protein: Binding free energy calculations and per‐residue free energy decomposition (2008)

Iron homeostasis is, in many bacterial species, mediated by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). A regulatory site able to bind iron to activate Fur for DNA binding has been described, and a structural zinc site essential for the dimerization has also been proposed. They have been localized and named site 1 and site 2, respectively, from the crystal structure of a zinc-substituted Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fur (PA-Fur). Notwithstanding the studies on Fur proteins from various species, both the precise site of iron binding and the effect on DNA binding affinity are still controversial. These issues were investigated here by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. Simulations were performed for eight molecular systems represented by the three forms of Fur, that is, apo Fur, metal-substituted Fur, and Fur complexed with DNA. Because of the lack of a Fur-DNA complex crystal structure, the recently published model based on mass spectrometry experiments on Escherichia coli Fur (EC-Fur), and the crystal structure of PA-Fur, was used, after adjustment to adopt a symmetric conformation. The simulation results suggest that the formerly proposed site 2 is, in fact, the regulatory iron-sensing site. The calculations also predict that Fe(2+) at site 2 is hexacoordinated having an octahedral environment with only nitrogen and oxygen atoms, which is in accordance with previous spectroscopic characterizations. Energy decomposition pinpoints H87 as an additional amino acid that defines the regulatory metal site. Finally, free energy decomposition analysis reveals a number of amino acids potentially important in dimerization and in DNA binding.
Skin hydration as a tool to control the distribution and molecular effects of intermediate polarity compounds in intact stratum corneum (2021)

The barrier function of the skin is mainly assured by its outermost layer, stratum corneum (SC), which consists of dead keratin-filled cells embedded in a lipid matrix. The skin is daily exposed to an environment with changing conditions in terms of hydration and different chemicals. Here we investigate how a molecule that has reasonable solubility in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments can be directed to certain regions in SC by changing the skin hydration. We use 1,2,3-trimethoxy propane (TMP) as a model substance and solid-state NMR on natural abundance <sup>13</sup>C to obtain atomically resolved information on the molecular dynamics of TMP as well as SC lipid and protein components at varying hydration conditions. Upon dehydration, TMP redistributes from the hydrophilic corneocytes to the hydrophobic SC lipid regions. In this way, TMP can act to prevent the fluid-solid lipid transition in drying conditions and be present in the corneocytes in more humid conditions. Hydration can thereby be used as a switch to control the location and action of TMP or similar compounds in complex materials like SC. The general principles described here can also have impact on other applications including lipid-based formulations in food, drug delivery and cosmetics.
Radio-over-fibre based high-speed millimetre-wave backhaul system for high-speed trains (2016)

This paper reviews train communication networks (TCNs) based on radio-over-fibre (RoF) technology. TCNs connect base stations (BSs) in trains to world wide networks through trackside links consisting of optical fibres and many radio access units (RAUs). Waveform for radio communications can be effectively delivered to each RAU by RoF. The TCN can be controlled by train location information to reduce overhead due to hand-over in mobile communication systems.
Abnormal infant pulmonary function in young children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (2012)

IPFTs in NEHI subjects are feasible, demonstrate significant obstruction and air trapping, and correlate with future RA O2 sat and FEV1 . IPFTs may provide valuable clinical information when caring for NEHI patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1008-1015. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Coupling Scheme for the Dynamics of Non-Uniform Coupled SQUID (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Recently, there is a growing interest in non-uniform coupled SQUID devices in the science community. Similar to how antenna array technology has moved from uniform arrays to non-uniform, sparsely populated arrays, the traditional uniform SQUID arrays evolves to an unconventional structure making these mesoscopic quantum devices (for RF reception) a feasible concept. The focus of this work covers theoretical and numerical computations which exploits well-designed coupling schemes to modeling the dynamics of the device where the behavior of the non-periodic voltage response related to the external flux exhibits an anti-peak which is present only around the zero applied magnetic field. It is know that many nonlinear dynamical systems are highly sensitive to small external perturbations, especially when they are near the onset of a bifurcation. Exploring parameter variations, such as; inductive coupling between neighboring elements, unconventional grating and fabrication parameters may lead to a significant performance enhancement. There are theoretical indications that variations in coupling could provide very high dynamic range. Application of these devices with the ability to detect and amplify will result in a new generation of electrically small antennas. </para>
Dual-side heat removal by micro-channel cold plate and silicon-interposer with embedded fluid channels (2016)

In this study, a dual-side cooling topology based on a silicon cold plate and an electrical functional silicon-interposer with embedded fluid channels is benchmarked against mere back-side cooling. The back-side cold plate can be operated in a split-flow mode, whereas in the case of the interposer only a single in- and outlet can be implemented, which results in a cross-flow heat-exchange mode. An interposer cavity can be achieved by back-to-back bonding of interposer shells to achieve large channel heights. Sealing-ring structures and embedded TSVs are required to prevent contact between water and the electrically active TSVs. Optimal micro-channel dimensions of 150 μm width and 250 μm height were computed using an analytical convection model that considered mass and heat transfer. The impact of thermal interfaces arising from the electrical interconnects between the chip stack and the interposer was studied by numerical heat-conduction modeling. Neither, the interconnect type, rail or pillar, nor the application of thermally conductive underfills did result in significant changes in junction temperature. However, the dual-side cooling approach resulted in twice lower thermal gradients at the inlet of the cavity than with the back-side or front-side cooling option only. Although the cross-flow mode of the interposer increases the coolant temperature more than the cold plate, dual-side cooling extends the power dissipation limit for single dies and chip stacks substantially, supporting performance and efficiency scaling.
Preclinical and preliminary clinical reports for successful treatment of ovarian cancer with standard treatments in combination with epigenetic modifiers in a complimentary and integrative approach (2019)

Ovarian cancer is relatively uncommon, but it is extremely deadly. There are about 22,000 new cases of ovarian cancer each year, and nearly 14,000 die. Ovarian cancer possible remission happens in less than 5 percent at stage four. Less than 15 percent have a survival beyond 5 years, despite best standard treatments currently available.
Simulation of Ni-MH Batteries via an Equivalent Circuit Model for Energy Storage Applications (2016)

Impedance measurement was conducted at the entire cell level for studying of the Ni-MH rechargeable batteries. An improved equivalent circuit model considering diffusion process is proposed for simulation of battery impedance data at different charge input levels. The cell capacity decay was diagnosed by analyzing the ohmic resistance, activation resistance, and mass transfer resistance of the Ni-MH cells with degraded capacity. The capacity deterioration of this type, Ni-MH cell, is considered in relation to the change of activation resistance of the nickel positive electrodes. Based on the report and surface analysis obtained from the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the composition formula of metal-hydride electrodes can be closely documented as the AB 5 type alloy and the “A” elements are recognized as lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce). The capacity decay of the Ni-MH cell is potentially initiated due to starved electrolyte for the electrochemical reaction of active materials inside the Ni-MH battery, and the discharge product of Ni(OH) 2 at low state-of-charge level is anticipated to have more impeding effects on electrode kinetic process for higher power output and efficient energy delivery.
P-145 Welcome 54-week Open-label Extension (2013)

Permission to print—not granted
Development of novel sterol-based Liver X Receptor agonists as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases (HUM1P.307) (2015)

Abstract Liver X Receptor (LXR), a nuclear hormone receptor, is an essential regulator of immune responses. Activation of LXR by synthetic agonists, including T0901317 and GW3965, attenuates progression of inflammatory diseases of animal models. However, the adverse effects of traditional LXR agonists in elevating liver lipids have impeded exploitation of this intriguing mechanism for chronic therapy. The endogenous LXR agonist desmosterol and its sterol-based analog DMHCA activate LXR without the lipogenic action in the liver - this inspired us to develop anti-inflammatory therapies based on these analogs. Here, we show DMHCA oral treatment in mice significantly reduce DSS colitis-induced body weight loss, which is accompanied by reduced expression of inflammatory markers in the large intestine. This reduced inflammation is associated with induced LXR target gene expression, suggesting DMHCA attenuating colitis is mediated, at least partially, through LXR activation. In addition, DMHCA treatment dramatically suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression in traumatic brain injury model. Importantly, in both disease models, DMHCA does not increase liver lipid or serum ALT levels, while T0901317 results in significant liver lipid accumulation and injury. The anti-inflammatory property of DMHCA is recapitulated in vitro in CD3/CD28 activated human PBMCs. Overall, these results provide evidence for the development of sterol-based LXR agonists as novel therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.
Control of uniformity of plasma-surface modification inside of small-diameter polyethylene tubing using microplasma diagnostics (2005)

A hollow-cathode microplasma was used to modify the lumenal surface of small-diameter polyethylene (PE). We make use of two microplasma diagnostics to monitor the plasma properties during the treatment process. A microwave cavity was used to measure the density of the microplasma. Emitted light from the microplasma was fed into a monochromator at various positions along the PE tube to assess uniformity of the microplasma. Effectiveness of plasma treatments were evaluated using the capillary-rise method at various positions along the tubing. We show a correlation between the properties of the inner surface of the PE tubing and the light emitted from the plasma. A Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) surfactant was immobilized to the lumenal surface of the PE tubing using the microplasma discharge. An in vitro blood-circulation loop was constructed to test the hematocompatibility of the PE tubes. After blood exposure, scanning electron microscope images were taken to assess the density of adhering platelets along the length of the tubes. The plasma-treated tubing showed fewer blood adherents than the untreated tubing. By suitably controlling the pressure drop along the tube, the uniformity of the microplasma treatment along the tubing can be optimized.
Nanoshaped CuO/CeO2 Materials: Effect of the Exposed Ceria Surfaces on Catalytic Activity in N2O Decomposition Reaction (2015)

This study reports a thorough investigation of nanosized CuO/CeO2 materials as an efficient catalyst for decomposition of N2O, which is a strong greenhouse gas largely produced by chemical industry. Effect of terminating CeO2 crystalline planes ({100}, {110}, and {111}) on the behavior of CuO dispersed over CeO2 nanocubes, nanorods and polyhedral crystallites was examined in detail by using a variety of catalyst characterization techniques. The 4 wt % Cu was found as the most advantageous metal loading, whereas higher Cu content resulted in lower dispersion and formation of significantly less active, segregated bulk CuO phase. It was discovered that CuO/CeO2 solids should enable both excessive oxygen mobility on the catalyst surface as well as formation of highly reducible Cu defect sites, in order to ensure high intrinsic activity. Detailed studies further revealed that CeO2 morphology needs to be tailored to expose {100} and {110} high-energy surface planes, as present in CeO2 nanorods. Oxygen mobility and regeneration of active Cu phase on these surface planes is easier, which in turn facilitates higher catalytic activity through the recombination of surface oxygen atoms and desorption as molecular oxygen that replenishes active sites for subsequent catalytic cycles. As a consequence, CuO supported on CeO2 nanorods demonstrated lower activation energy (87 kJ/mol) in N2O decomposition reaction compared to catalysts based on CeO2 nanocubes (102 kJ/mol) or polyhedral CeO2 (92 kJ/mol).
Toward an understanding of liposome structure through the use of computer graphic image correlation (1986)

Abstract A computer‐aided graphics approach to correlating transmission electron microscope images of freeze‐fractured and thin‐sectioned samples is outlined. Any three‐dimensional model of the imaged structure can be mathematically sectioned to provide a two‐dimensional representation of the model in the “fracture” plane. The method is used to demonstrate that the structure of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes is based on a family of Dupin cyclides; closed, parallel surfaces with a conjugate ellipse and hyperbola as curvature defects.
Water Stable Zr–Benzenedicarboxylate Metal–Organic Frameworks as Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation (2010)

The Zr-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) formed by terephthalate (UiO-66) and 2-aminoterephthalate ligands [UiO-66(NH(2))] are two notably water-resistant MOFs that exhibit photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation in methanol or water/methanol upon irradiation at wavelength longer than 300 nm. The apparent quantum yield for H(2) generation using monochromatic light at 370 nm in water/methanol 3:1 was of 3.5% for UiO-66(NH(2)). Laser-flash photolysis has allowed detecting for UiO-66 and UiO-66(NH(2)) the photochemical generation of a long lived charge separated state whose decay is not complete 300 μs after the laser flash. Our finding and particularly the influence of the amino group producing a bathochromic shift in the optical spectrum without altering the photochemistry shows promises for the development of more efficient MOFs for water splitting.
Neutrophils from Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Have Impaired Complement Receptor Function and Preserved Fcγ Receptor Function (1999)

Interleukin (IL)-8 production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to Cryptococcus neoformans is related to complement activation. Generation of the bioactive fragments C3a and C5a is responsible for IL-8 release. IL-8 production was analyzed in response to C. neoformans by PMNL from persons with early- and late-stage (>400 and <200 CD4 cells/mm3, respectively) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who were at high risk for cryptococcosis. IL-8 release by PMNL from persons with early-stage infection and from healthy donors was similar; however, PMNL from persons with late-stage HIV infection had significantly impaired IL-8 production, which correlated with reduced IL-8 response to C3a and C5a proteins and decreased CD88 expression. Addition of murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 18B7 promoted phagocytosis and restored IL-8 release consistent with integrity of FcgammaRIII. These results provide evidence for a selective defect in CD88 expression on PMNL from persons with late-stage HIV infection. However, Fcgamma receptor expression in PMNL appears to be intact and allows MAb to glucuronoxylomannan to positively influence PMNL function.
Integrating algorithm animation into a declarative visual programming language (2002)

Until now, only users of textual programming languages have enjoyed the fruits of algorithm animation. Users of visual programming languages (VPLs) have been deprived of the unique semantic insights algorithm animation offers. To begin solving this shortcoming, we have seamlessly integrated algorithm animation capabilities into the VPL Forms/3. Our research shows how a declarative VPL that is responsive can provide features not found in other algorithm animation systems.
Energy Harvesting via Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2020)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) allow physical signals to be processed using digital hardware. A common ADC architecture is based on sample-and-hold (S/H) circuits, where the acquired signal is observed in repeated intervals of fixed duration, referred to as the sampling time, and is not utilized for the entire duration. In this paper, we extend the structure of S/H ADCs, allowing them to harvest energy from the observed signal by modifying the circuitry during hold time of the sampling process of an ADC. This harvested energy can be used to supplement the ADC itself, paving the way to the possibility of zero power and power saving ADCs. We analyze the tradeoff between the ability to accurately recover the sampled signal and the energy harvesting which arises from the proposed ADC architecture, and provide guidelines to setting the sampling rate in light of accuracy and energy constraints. Our numerical evaluations indicate that energy harvesting ADCs operating with up to 16 bits per sample can acquire analog signals such that they can be recovered with minimal errors without requiring power from the external source.
Performance of exhaustive matching for input-queued switches (2004)

Virtual output queue (VOQ) architecture is commonly used for avoiding head-of-line blocking in input-queued switches. Many algorithms have been developed for transferring the cells from the VOQs to the output ports. Traditional iterative algorithms such as iSLIP and DRRM, achieve 100% throughput under uniform traffic. but under non-uniform traffic, throughput drops significantly. Recently, a new paradigm of exhaustive matching (EM) has been introduced for handling non-uniform traffic while preserving the complexity of traditional iterative algorithms. In EM, a VOQ is served continuously until it becomes empty. Only the input ports that have finished serving a VOQ look for a new match. This strategy produces very good throughput and delay performance in uniform and non-uniform traffic. However under some traffic patterns, there is a starvation problem when a VOQ occupies an output port for an extended period of time. This problem can be eliminated by providing a priority service for a VOQ that has waited an excessively long time. The resulting algorithm, prioritized EM (PEM), eliminates starvation and achieves very high throughput for many traffic patterns.
Surgical and molecular pathology of pancreatic neoplasms (2016)

This review discusses the histopathology, genetic and epigenetic alterations and potential treatment targets of the five major malignant pancreatic tumors - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm, acinar cell carcinoma and pancreatoblastoma.
CCR6 is expressed on an IL-10–producing, autoreactive memory T cell population with context-dependent regulatory function (2010)

Interleukin (IL)-10 produced by regulatory T cell subsets is important for the prevention of autoimmunity and immunopathology, but little is known about the phenotype and function of IL-10-producing memory T cells. Human CD4(+)CCR6(+) memory T cells contained comparable numbers of IL-17- and IL-10-producing cells, and CCR6 was induced under both Th17-promoting conditions and upon tolerogenic T cell priming with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. In normal human spleens, the majority of CCR6(+) memory T cells were in the close vicinity of CCR6(+) myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and strikingly, some of them were secreting IL-10 in situ. Furthermore, CCR6(+) memory T cells produced suppressive IL-10 but not IL-2 upon stimulation with autologous immature mDCs ex vivo, and secreted IL-10 efficiently in response to suboptimal T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies. However, optimal TCR stimulation of CCR6(+) T cells induced expression of IL-2, interferon-gamma, CCL20, and CD40L, and autoreactive CCR6(+) T cell lines responded to various recall antigens. Notably, we isolated autoreactive CCR6(+) T cell clones with context-dependent behavior that produced IL-10 with autologous mDCs alone, but that secreted IL-2 and proliferated upon stimulation with tetanus toxoid. We propose the novel concept that a population of memory T cells, which is fully equipped to participate in secondary immune responses upon recognition of a relevant recall antigen, contributes to the maintenance of tolerance under steady-state conditions.
Does Abdominoplasty Predispose to Erysipelas of the Abdominal Wall? (1998)

Kronowitz, Steven J. MD; Weisstein, Jason MPH; Greenstein, Robert MD Author Information