gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unified steady-state and dynamic modeling for symmetric and asymmetric half-bridge DC-DC converters with current doubler rectifiers (2005)

Half-bridge dc-dc converter with a current doubler rectifier is particularly suitable for low-voltage high-current on-board dc-dc converters compared to other converter topologies. The paper presents the unified steady-state and small-signal models for both symmetric and asymmetric half-bridge dc-dc converters with current doubler rectifiers. DC bias analysis is provided based on the steady-state model. Output-to-control and output impedance transfer functions are obtained based on a unified small-signal model. Design guidelines and issues are addressed. The models and analysis are verified by experimental results.
A QoS framework for stabilized collision channels with multiuser detection (2005)

Recent work has shown that cross-layer optimization of the physical layer and medium access control for a wireless collision channel, based on a receiver with adaptive multiuser detection capability, is capable of providing significantly better performance than classical Aloha. The basic features of such a system are multipacket reception (MPR) capability, and the ability (with high probability) to estimate the number of contending users even when the packets are not successfully received. We provide an analytical model that includes these features, and use it to derive methods for backlog estimation and stabilization. Two classes of users are considered: high priority users with quality of service (QoS) requirements, who must succeed within a deadline with a specified probability; and low priority users whose throughput we wish to maximize, while maintaining the QoS for high priority users, and keeping the overall system stable. We obtain contention policies that ensure QoS and stability, based on backlog estimates obtained by extending Rivest's pseudo-Bayesian technique for classical Aloha. The channel throughput and the achievable QoS is characterized as a function of the arrival rates for high and low priority users. Finally, we apply these methods to simulations of a system employing differential minimum mean squared error (DMMSE) adaptive multiuser detection, and find that the analytical model provides accurate guidelines for design and performance predictions.
Message from the VIS Paper Chairs and Guest Editors (2015)

The papers in this special issue were presented at IEEE VIS 2015, held during October 25-30, 2015 in Chicago, IL. VIS consists of three conferences, held concurrently: the IEEE Visual Analytics Science and Technology Conference (VAST 2015), the IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2015), and the IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis 2015). Visualization continues to develop rapidly as a research discipline and the three conferences are maintaining their positions as the leading annual events for researchers and practitioners to share the most innovative and impactful results of an increasingly diverse and influential community.
Engineering a 3D-Bioprinted Model of Human Heart Valve Disease Using Nanoindentation-Based Biomechanics (2018)

In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), microcalcifications originating from nanoscale calcifying vesicles disrupt the aortic valve (AV) leaflets, which consist of three (biomechanically) distinct layers: the fibrosa, spongiosa, and ventricularis. CAVD has no pharmacotherapy and lacks in vitro models as a result of complex valvular biomechanical features surrounding resident mechanosensitive valvular interstitial cells (VICs). We measured layer-specific mechanical properties of the human AV and engineered a three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted CAVD model that recapitulates leaflet layer biomechanics for the first time. Human AV leaflet layers were separated by microdissection, and nanoindentation determined layer-specific Young&rsquo;s moduli. Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels were tuned to duplicate layer-specific mechanical characteristics, followed by 3D-printing with encapsulated human VICs. Hydrogels were exposed to osteogenic media (OM) to induce microcalcification, and VIC pathogenesis was assessed by near infrared or immunofluorescence microscopy. Median Young&rsquo;s moduli of the AV layers were 37.1, 15.4, and 26.9 kPa (fibrosa/spongiosa/ventricularis, respectively). The fibrosa and spongiosa Young&rsquo;s moduli matched the 3D 5% GelMa/1% HAMA UV-crosslinked hydrogels. OM stimulation of VIC-laden bioprinted hydrogels induced microcalcification without apoptosis. We report the first layer-specific measurements of human AV moduli and a novel 3D-bioprinted CAVD model that potentiates microcalcification by mimicking the native AV mechanical environment. This work sheds light on valvular mechanobiology and could facilitate high-throughput drug-screening in CAVD.
Search for pair production of scalar leptoquarks decaying into first- or second-generation leptons and top quarks in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2021)

Abstract A search for pair production of scalar leptoquarks, each decaying into either an electron or a muon and a top quark, is presented. This is the first leptoquark search using ATLAS data to investigate top-philic cross-generational couplings that could provide explanations for recently observed anomalies in B meson decays. This analysis targets high leptoquark masses which cause the decay products of each resultant top quark to be contained within a single high- $$p_{\mathrm {T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> large-radius jet. The full Run 2 dataset is exploited, consisting of $$139~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>139</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of data collected from proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13~\mathrm {TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from 2015 to 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In the absence of any significant deviation from the background expectation, lower limits on the leptoquark masses are set at $$1480~\mathrm {GeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1480</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$1470~\mathrm {GeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1470</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the electron and muon channel, respectively.
VIS–SWIR Wideband Lens-Free Microscopic Imaging (2021)

Microscopes are an integral part of most biomedical research. Over the last several years, microscopy has been utilized with wavelengths of light beyond the visible spectrum in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR). SWIR microscopy provides several advantages over visible and near-infrared (NIR) microscopy, including lack of (or minimal) autofluorescence, low light absorption by blood and tissues, and reduced scattering. However, extending the spectral range of microscopic instruments from the visible to the SWIR is challenging because of optical equipment such as sensors and other components. Digital image sensors typically provide good sensitivity but only in a limited spectral range. They can be used for imaging in the visible or infrared range. Consequently, microscopes intended to cover the entire spectral range from the visible to SWIR typically require multiple detectors: one for visible light and one for infrared light. In addition, microscope objectives are limited since they usually require compensation for chromatic aberrations and other imaging distortions. As a result, these instruments can be difficult to use, can limit the data acquisition rate during experiments, and are not ideally suited for automation. The data (which are collected from the different objectives and image sensors, likely of varying sizes and resolutions) must be digitally aligned and resampled if information from both the visible and SWIR must be combined. Hence, there is a need for a single instrument that can be used to image microscopic objects and that covers the spectral range from the visible to the SWIR, without the mentioned limitations.
Characterization of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiC and its application in advanced reticle technology–scattering with angular limitation in projection electron beam lithography membrane (2000)

In scattering with angular limitation in projection electron beam lithography (SCALPEL) mask technology, the choice of membrane material is an important issue from the perspective of mask performance and manufacturing. Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition SiN has been widely employed for SCALPEL membranes because of its excellent manufacturability and other material properties. However, amorphous plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiC:H has a good potential for the membrane material, and we have developed an optimized process to deposit the SiC films for mask fabrication.
Device for high spatial resolution chemical analysis of a sample and method of high spatial resolution chemical analysis (2023)

A system and method for analyzing a chemical composition of a specimen are described. The system can include at least one pin; a sampling device configured to contact a liquid with a specimen on the at least one pin to form a testing solution; and a stepper mechanism configured to move the at least one pin and the sampling device relative to one another. The system can also include an analytical instrument for determining a chemical composition of the specimen from the testing solution. In particular, the systems and methods described herein enable chemical analysis of specimens, such as tissue, to be evaluated in a manner that the spatial-resolution is limited by the size of the pins used to obtain tissue samples, not the size of the sampling device used to solubilize the samples coupled to the pins.
Suppression of endurance-stressed data-retention failures of 40nm TaOx-based ReRAM (2018)

This work investigates data-retention characteristics after different Set/Reset endurance cycles and voltages in 40nm TaOx based resistive random access memory (ReRAM). The reliability of ReRAM cells depends on data-retention time in low resistance state (LRS), while data-retention time of high resistance state (HRS) improves by the proposed novel write method “Finalize”. The current distribution of LRS shifts overall to the HRS side as data-retention time increases. Thus, the data-retention characteristics in LRS are determined by typical cells of the major current distribution. These phenomena are different from those of NAND flash memories where tail cells determine the data-retention time. A consistent physical model of both endurance-stress and retention-stress is proposed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ruthenium and Rhenium Nucleosides (2007)

We report the synthesis and characterization of new ruthenium and rhenium nucleosides [Ru(tolyl-acac)2(IMPy)-T] (tolyl-acac=di(p-methylbenzonatemethane), IMPy=2'-iminomethylpyridine, T=thymidine) (5) and [Re(CO)3(IMPy)-T]Cl (9), respectively. Structural analysis of 9 shows that the incorporation of this metal complex causes minimal perturbation to the sugar backbone and the nucleobase. Eletrochemical (5, E1/2=0.265 V vs NHE; 9, E1/2=1.67 V vs NHE), absorption (5, lambdamax=600, 486 nm; 9, lambdamax=388 nm), and emission (9, lambdamax=770 nm, pi=17 ns) data indicate that 5 and 9 are suitable probes for DNA-mediated ground-state electron-transfer studies. The separation and characterization of diastereoisomers of 5 and bipyridyl-based ruthenium nucleoside [Ru(bpy)2(IMPy)-T]2+ (7) are reported.
J/ψ production as a function of charged particle multiplicity in pp collisions at s =7 TeV (2012)

The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of the relative J/ yield as a function of charged particle pseudorapidity density dN ch /d in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV at the LHC. J/ particles are detected for p t > 0, in the rapidity interval |y| < 0.9 via decay into e + e -, and in the interval 2.5 < y < 4.0 via decay into + -pairs. An approximately linear increase of the J/ yields normalized to their event average (dN J/ /dy)/ dN J/ /dy with (dN ch /d)/ dN ch /d is observed in both rapidity ranges, where dN ch /d is measured within || < 1 and p t > 0. In the highest multiplicity interval with dN ch /d(bin) = 24.1, corresponding to four times the minimum bias multiplicity density, an enhancement relative to the minimum bias J/ yield by a factor of about 5 at 2.5 < y < 4 (8 at |y| < 0.9) is observed.
Physics for clinicians: Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and double inversion recovery (DIR) Imaging (2017)

5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1590-1600.
SmartVANET: The Case for a Cross-Layer Vehicular Network Architecture (2011)

Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) based Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) provides an opportunity to enable communication-based cooperative safety systems in order to decrease road traumas and improve traffic efficiency. VANET also offers a wide range of commercial and infotainment applications. VANET exhibits unique characteristics that create new challenges. This paper discusses the DSRC technology and its shortcomings in order to achieve reliable content dissemination. To optimise the performance of the vehicular networks, a novel network architecture using the cross-layer paradigm is presented. The architecture is called Smart Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (SmartVANET) architecture. The proposed SmartVANET architecture can support safety, traffic management and commercial applications. The SmartVANET architecture complies with the DSRC channel plan. The architecture divides road into segments and assigns a service channel to each segment. The SmartVANET combines a segment based clustering technique with a hybrid Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanism (termed as the Smart MAC protocol). Using cross-layer integration, SmartVANET also provides a solution for broadcast storm problems and offers scalability. The paper presents the SmartVANET architecture and argues its advantages.
Overcoming imatinib resistance conferred by the BIM deletion polymorphism in chronic myeloid leukemia with splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (2017)

Many tyrosine kinase-driven cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), are characterized by high response rates to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like imatinib. In East Asians, primary imatinib resistance is caused by a deletion polymorphism in Intron 2 of the <i>BIM</i> gene, whose product is required for TKI-induced apoptosis. The deletion biases <i>BIM</i> splicing from exon 4 to exon 3, generating splice isoforms lacking the exon 4-encoded pro-apoptotic BH3 domain, which impairs the ability of TKIs to induce apoptosis. We sought to identify splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that block exon 3 but enhance exon 4 splicing, and thereby resensitize <i>BIM</i> deletion-containing cancers to imatinib. First, we mapped multiple <i>cis</i>-acting splicing elements around <i>BIM</i> exon 3 by minigene mutations, and found an exonic splicing enhancer acting via SRSF1. Second, by a systematic ASO walk, we isolated ASOs that corrected the aberrant <i>BIM</i> splicing. Eight of 67 ASOs increased exon 4 levels in <i>BIM</i> deletion-containing cells, and restored imatinib-induced apoptosis and TKI sensitivity. This proof-of-principle study proves that resistant CML cells by <i>BIM</i> deletion polymorphism can be resensitized to imatinib via splice-switching <i>BIM</i> ASOs. Future optimizations might yield a therapeutic ASO as precision-medicine adjuvant treatment for <i>BIM</i>-polymorphism-associated TKI-resistant CML and other cancers.
<title>Lasing modes in highly confined semiconductor microcavities</title> (1997)

The ability to tailor the emission characteristics through use of a microcavity has become an interesting topic for fabricating improved forms of light emitters. For semiconductor light emitters the novel cavity physics also complements the technological importance, and the advanced fabrication techniques allow for mode confinement presently in the volume range of tens of cubic emission wavelengths. In this paper we discuss the mode confinement possible with Fabry-Perot semiconductor microcavities that both have extremely short cavity lengths and contain embedded dielectric regions.WHile this confinements mechanism was discovered in late 1993, it was not at first clearly understood. Today we have a much better understanding of this system, and it becomes clear that it can impact a broad range of microcavity light emitters. In addition, we discuss combining the 3D confinement of the microcavity with 3D confinement of the electronic carriers, and demonstrate room-temperature lasing from quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
Phenotypic characterization of disease‐initiating stem cells in JAK2‐ or CALR‐mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (2023)

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cells, disease-related mutations in certain driver-genes including JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and a substantial risk to progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Although behaving as stem cell neoplasms, little is known about disease-initiating stem cells in MPN. We established the phenotype of putative CD34<sup>+</sup> /CD38<sup>-</sup> stem cells and CD34<sup>+</sup> /CD38<sup>+</sup> progenitor cells in MPN. A total of 111 patients with MPN suffering from polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, or primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were examined. In almost all patients tested, CD34<sup>+</sup> /CD38<sup>-</sup> stem cells expressed CD33, CD44, CD47, CD52, CD97, CD99, CD105, CD117, CD123, CD133, CD184, CD243, and CD274 (PD-L1). In patients with PMF, MPN stem cells often expressed CD25 and sometimes also CD26 in an aberrant manner. MPN stem cells did not exhibit substantial amounts of CD90, CD273 (PD-L2), CD279 (PD-1), CD366 (TIM-3), CD371 (CLL-1), or IL-1RAP. The phenotype of CD34<sup>+</sup> /CD38<sup>-</sup> stem cells did not change profoundly during progression to sAML. The disease-initiating capacity of putative MPN stem cells was confirmed in NSGS mice. Whereas CD34<sup>+</sup> /CD38<sup>-</sup> MPN cells engrafted in NSGS mice, no substantial engraftment was produced by CD34<sup>+</sup> /CD38<sup>+</sup> or CD34<sup>-</sup> cells. The JAK2-targeting drug fedratinib and the BRD4 degrader dBET6 induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in MPN stem cells. Together, MPN stem cells display a unique phenotype, including cytokine receptors, immune checkpoint molecules, and other clinically relevant target antigens. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic stem cells in MPN and sAML should facilitate their enrichment and the development of stem cell-eradicating (curative) therapies.
Molecular Orientation Evolution and Solvent Evaporation during Electrospinning of Atactic Polystyrene Using Real-Time Raman Spectroscopy (2011)

Real-time Raman spectroscopy was successfully utilized to monitor solvent evaporation and molecular orientation during electrospinning of atactic polystyrene (a-PS). The use of a binary solvent system of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) provided a stable, straight jet during the experiment. The prominent Raman bands centered at 866 cm(-1), 914 cm(-1), and 1004 cm(-1), unique to DMF, THF, and a-PS, respectively, were used to monitor solvent concentration changes along the electrospinning jet for two different a-PS solutions. In addition, the changes in relative intensity for the radial skeletal ring vibration of the aromatic group of a-PS at 623 cm(-1) in two different polarization geometries, ZZ and YY, were monitored for orientation information. This study reports the first quantitative vibrational spectroscopic measurement during the electrospinning process. A significant change in concentration and orientation was observed during the process. The changes are explained in relation to the electrospinning process.
Spatial Segmentation of MALDI FT-ICR MSI Data: A Powerful Tool to Explore the Head and Neck Tumor In Situ Lipidome (2014)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI MSI) is a well-established analytical technique for determining spatial localization of lipids in biological samples. The use of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers for the molecular imaging of endogenous compounds is gaining popularity, since the high mass accuracy and high mass resolving power enables accurate determination of exact masses and, consequently, a more confident identification of these molecules. The high mass resolution FT-ICR imaging datasets are typically large in size. In order to analyze them in an appropriate timeframe, the following approach has been employed: the FT-ICR imaging datasets were spatially segmented by clustering all spectra by their similarity. The resulted spatial segmentation maps were compared with the histologic annotation. This approach facilitates interpretation of the full datasets by providing spatial regions of interest. The application of this approach, which has originally been developed for MALDI-TOF MSI datasets, to the lipidomic analysis of head and neck tumor tissue revealed new insights into the metabolic organization of the carcinoma tissue.
Changes in Predictor Weights in GPA Regression Equations (1972)

Multiple regression equations predicting first semester grade point average (GPA) from high school percentile rank (HSPR) and composite score on the American College Test (ACT) were examined for five successive fall freshman classes at the University of Illinois. Slopes were significantly different among the five equations. Further analysis indicated a systematic decline in the ACT regression coefficients over time, while the HSPR coefficients remained approximately constant. Possible explanations given for these findings are unequal test score intervals, a low GPA ceiling, and changes in the GPA criterion.