gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless MIMO Switching with Network Coding (2011)

In a generic switching problem, a switching pattern consists of a one-to-one mapping from a set of inputs to a set of outputs (i.e., a permutation). We propose and investigate a wireless switching framework in which a multi-antenna relay is responsible for switching traffic among a set of $N$ stations. We refer to such a relay as a MIMO switch. With beamforming and linear detection, the MIMO switch controls which stations are connected to which other stations. Each beamforming matrix realizes a permutation pattern among the stations. We refer to the corresponding permutation matrix as a switch matrix. By scheduling a set of different switch matrices, full connectivity among the stations can be established. In this paper, we focus on "fair switching" in which equal amounts of traffic are to be delivered for all $N(N-1)$ ordered pairs of stations. In particular, we investigate how the system throughput can be maximized. In general, for large $N$ the number of possible switch matrices (i.e., permutations) is huge, making the scheduling problem combinatorially challenging. We show that for the cases of N=4 and 5, only a subset of $N-1$ switch matrices need to be considered in the scheduling problem to achieve good throughput. We conjecture that this will be the case for large $N$ as well. This conjecture, if valid, implies that for practical purposes, fair-switching scheduling is not an intractable problem. We also investigate MIMO switching with physical-layer network coding in this paper. We find that it can improve throughput appreciably.
A rare case of a pancreatic mass due to accessory spleen; when EUS-FNA is not enough (2011)

Case Reports
Is Trade Policy Macroeconomics, Microeconomics or Pure Politics? (2004)

Books reviewed: Stiglitz, Joseph E., Globalization and Its Discontents Bhagwati, Jagdish, In Defense of Globalization Wolf, Martin, Why Globalization Works
Conformational dynamics of a fast folding cytochrome captured by electron transfer, time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer, and microfluidic mixing (2013)

Cytochrome c-b_(562) belongs to an interesting family of four-helix bundle cytochromes that have nearly identical structures yet&#13;\nwidely divergent folding pathways, creating a unique opportunity to study the relationship between primary sequences and&#13;\nfolding in proteins with similar topologies. We characterize the dynamics of cytochrome c-b_(562) through a combination of&#13;\nelectron transfer and fluorescence energy transfer (FRET). The dynamics of intrachain diffusion in unfolded cytochromes&#13;\nare probed by monitoring contact quenching of a photoexcited, covalently-bound [Ru(bpy)2(IA-phen)]^(2+) dye by the heme Fe^(III).&#13;\nQuenching of the *Ru^(II) luminescence decay provides information about the electron transfer rates, which correspond to the&#13;\nrates of transient contact formation. We resolve fast folding by coupling time-resolved FRET with an ultrafast continuous flow&#13;\nmixer. FRET occurs between a small, covalently-bound dansyl fluorophore and the heme. Fitting the dansyl fluorescence decay&#13;\nfollowing picosecond laser excitation provides us with time-dependent dansyl-heme distance distributions during the two-state&#13;\nfolding process.
Computational Study of the Influence of Solvent on 16O/18O Equilibrium Isotope Effects in Phosphate Deprotonation Reactions (2002)

Results from theoretical calculations of (16)O/(18)O equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) on deprotonation of phosphate and methyl phosphate monoanions as well as their deuterated counterparts are reported. The EIEs are calculated from the Bigeleisen equation using harmonic vibrational frequencies from several quantum mechanical methods (HF, DFT, MP2, and AM1). All methods correctly predict the qualitative trends in the EIEs related to the different isotope substitutions. However, the calculated gas-phase values are found to be systematically higher than those experimentally observed in aqueous solution. On the other hand, the addition of explicit solvent molecules (up to 24 waters) in the first solvation shells of the phosphate ion substantially improves the calculated EIE, which approaches the experimental value with increasing size of the water cluster. The large effects of surrounding water molecules on the phosphate deprotonation EIE can be explained by the strong solute-solvent interactions, which result in solvent coupled vibrational modes of the phosphate ions.
Conformational Heterogeneity and Quasi-Static Self-Quenching in DNA Containing a Fluorescent Guanine Analogue, 3MI or 6MI (2009)

Two different microenvironments in the DNA sequence 5'-act aGa gat ccc tca gac cct ttt agt cag tGt gga-3' (in both single- and double-stranded forms) are explored using two similar fluorescent nucleoside analogues, 3MI and 6MI. Each probe was evaluated in two environments, one strand with the probe flanked by thymines (PTRT) and the other by adenines (PTRA) with positions indicated by G's in the sequence. Both time-resolved anisotropies and lifetimes of the probes depend upon local interactions, and these are altered by duplex formation. Integrals of lifetime curves compared with quantum yields reveal that each probe displays a "dark" component (below detection limits, with a lifetime of <70 ps). For 6MI in PTRA, this QSSQ "quasi-static self-quenching" or "dark" component represents approximately half the molecules, whether in single- or double-stranded form. In PTRT, 6MI displays an unusual increase in the quantum yield upon formation of the double strand (from 0.107 to 0.189) apparently the result of escape from QSSQ which simultaneously declines from 66 to 33%. This is also accompanied by doubling of steady-state anisotropy. Only 6MI in the PTRT duplex displays a rotational correlation time of >7 ns. In other words, the DS 6MI PTRA environment fails to constrain local motion and QSSQ remains the same as in the single strand; in contrast, the flanking T duplex environment restricts local motion and halves QSSQ. We collected both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching titrations of 3MI and 6MI in solution with the mononucleotides AMP, CMP, GMP, and TMP. The dynamic quenching rank of the free probes (quenching constant, kq: T > A > G > C) is totally different from that of incorporated probes. We hypothesize the production of weak 3MI.C or 6MI.C complexes that are somehow rendered less subject to dynamic quenching by collision with subsequent C molecules.
Anomalous Stokes shift in CdSe nanocrystals (2007)

We investigate the temperature dependence of exciton fluorescence, absorption, and Stokes shift for five sizes of high quality $\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{Se}∕\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{S}$ nanocrystals from the perspective of the fine structure model and exciton-acoustic phonon coupling. The Stokes shift is found to have a weak temperature dependence for all sizes. Within the fine structure model, we use the temperature dependence of the Stokes shift to infer the upper level energy and oscillator strength. We also interpret our ensemble measurements using an exciton-acoustic phonon scattering model. We find that neither the fine structure nor exciton-acoustic phonon scattering is able to adequately explain our data in isolation and conclude that a comprehensive theory which includes the physics of both models on an equal footing is required.
H/D Exchange at Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Hydrocarbons Using D2O as the Deuterium Source and Ruthenium Dihydrogen Complexes as the Catalyst (2007)

Einfach schwerer: Bei Temperaturen von nur 50 °C kann D2O als billige und einfach zugängliche Deuteriumquelle für eine effiziente Deuterierung von aromatischen und heteroaromatischen Substraten dienen, sofern nichtklassische Rutheniumhydridkomplexe als Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden (siehe Schema). DFT-Rechnungen stützen einen Katalysezyklus mit einer σ-Bindungsmetathese als Schlüsselschritt für die Austauschprozesse. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z603677_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Single wafer cleaning and drying: particle removal via a non-contact, non-damaging megasonic clean followed by a high performance "Rotagoni" dry (2002)

The application of megasonic energy for particle removal has been shown to be a very effective, noncontact cleaning method. Equally as important to the cleaning of the wafer surface is the drying process. A very common method is a high speed spin dry but this is ineffective both from a particle reduction and water-mark prevention standpoint. A high performance alternative is the "Rotagoni" dry based on rotational and Marangoni forces. The combination of these two techniques provides an effective platform to clean and dry wafers. Results on post-oxide CMP cleans indicates equivalent cleaning to a standard scrub clean with a reduced COO and tool footprint. Post Cu-CMP megasonic clean using proprietary cleaning chemistry followed by a "Rotagoni" dry is also very effective for particle removal. Additionally, the patterned Cu surface is free of corrosion. The Rotagoni dry is also very effective for patterned hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Following a HF clean, water-marks are not present on "Rotagoni" dried wafers but are present on spin dried wafers.
Surgery for brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung carcinomas and tissue cultures from the resected specimens (1994)

Between 1978 and 1989, 44 patients underwent 44 thoracotomies and 55 craniotomies for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and its brain metastases. Patients ages ranged from 20 to 75 years. There were no intraoperative mortalities. The 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates following the initial craniotomy were 23%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Patient survival did not differ with respect to solitary or multiple metastases or the sequence of surgery for primary lesion and brain metastases. Moreover, there was no significant difference in survival between patients treated by surgery alone and those receiving surgery followed by whole brain radiotherapy. After 1985, in vitro tissue culture was attempted using freshly resected specimens of brain metastases obtained from 30 consecutive cases. Of those specimens, nine (30%) were successfully established as permanent cell lines. Eight of those cell lines revealed DNA-aneuploid pattern on flow cytometric analysis. The remaining cell line was not analyzed. Karyotype analysis was also performed in eight of nine established cell lines. Two adenocarcinoma cell lines showed the presence of +3p- chromosome, and three showed +7q- chromosome as recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. These findings provide new evidence concerning the presence of 3p- and/or 7q- marker chromosomes in certain adenocarcinoma cell lines established from brain metastases. The prognosis was poorer in the group with in vitro tumor growth than that in the group showing no in vitro tumor growth. These cell lines established from brain metastases may be useful materials not only for studying the biological characteristics and chemo-sensitivity testing, but also for estimating prognoses after resection of brain metastases.
<title>Compact two-photon laser-scanning microscope made from minimally modified commercial components</title> (2002)

A compact two-photon laser-scanning microscope (TPLSM) was constructed using a diode-pumped, mode-locked Nd:YLF laser (Biolight 1000, Coherent Laser Group) and a small confocal laser scan-head (PCM2000, Nikon Bioscience). The laser emits at 1047nm and is fiber-coupled to a compact compressor unit producing a pulse-width of ~175fsec. Both the pulse compressor and confocal scan head were interfaced on a small optical breadboard that was directly attached to an upright research microscope (Eclipse E600FN, Nikon Bioscience). Two-photon fluorescence emitted from the specimen was collected into a multimode fiber and transmitted directly to an external PMT supplied with the Nikon confocal system. The modifications to the scanhead were minimal (a single mirror replacement) and did not interfere with its confocal function. The resulting system offers several advantages: compact size, turnkey operation, and the ability to translate the microscope rather than an often delicate specimen. In addition, it is possible to switch between confocal and two-photon operation, allowing for straightforward comparison. Using this compact TPLSM, we obtained structural and functional images from hippocampal neurons in living brain slices using commonly available fluorophores.
Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of .&#947;-Phosphonic Acid Quaternary Ammonium Antimicrobials for Biomedical Applications (2015)

Novel water soluble γ-phosphonates and phosphonic acid quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) with different alkyl chain lengths, a dansyl (DNS) fluorescent tag ([RN+Me2(CH2)3P(O)(OR1)2]Br-; R = CH3, C18H37, -DNS-NH- (CH2)3; R1 = Et, iPr, or H) or pyridinium ([C5H5N+(CH2)3P(O)(OR1)]Br-; R1 = iPr, or H) were synthesized in two or three steps (Arbuzov, Menshutkin and bis-dealkylation reactions) under MW conditions within minutes in good yields. These protocols were then compared to thermal heating (TH). Both H2O and MeCN were found to be effective solvents for the Menshutkin and the bis-dealkylation of phosphonate QAC. These reactions were carried out for the first time under MW heating sequentially or in a one-vessel procedure with mineral acids. New compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and in two instances (17, 20) by X-ray crystallography. We provide X-ray crystallographic evidence for the isolation of the QAC phosphonic acids as the free acids containing the Br- counter ion instead of the previously suggested phosphobetaine internal salts. Self-assembled monolayers of the phosphonic acid QAC prepared in this study are expected to be suitable antimicrobial coatings for metal surfaces used for biomedical applications. Keywords: Arbuzov, didealkylation, environmentally friendly methods, Menshutkin, microwave, monolayers, phosphonate, phosphonic acid, quaternary ammonium antimicrobials, stainless steel coatings.
BabyX (2015)

BabyX is an autonomously animated psychobiological simulation of an infant that reacts and learns in real time.
ANALYSIS OF TOTAL-PRESSURE LOSS AND AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION FOR ANNULAR GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS (1969)

Computer analysis of total pressure loss and air flow distribution in annular flow gas turbine combustion chambers
The effect of drag reducing agent in multiphase flow pipelines (1998)

The effect of drag reducing agents (DRA) on pressure gradient and flow regime has been studied in horizontal and 2 degree inclination. Experiments were conducted for full pipe, stratified, slug, and annular flow in a 10 cm inside diameter, 18 m long plexiglass section and inclinable flow loops from horizontal to vertical. Superficial liquid velocity between 0.06 and 1.5 m/s and superficial gas velocity between 1 and 14 m/s were studied. The DRA effectiveness was examined for DRA concentrations between 0 and 75 ppm. The results indicate that DRA was effective in reducing the pressure gradients in single and multiphase flow. The DRA was more effective for lower superficial liquid velocities and gas velocities for both single phase and multiphase flow. The DRA was effective to reduce pressure gradients up to 42% for full pipe flow, 91% for stratified flow and up to 35% for annular flow in horizontal pipes. Kang, Wilkens and Jepson (1996) showed that the stratified flow disappears entirely and slug flow dominates the flow regime map in inclined upward flow. In 2 degree inclination, the pressure gradient reduction for slug flow with a concentration of 50 ppm DRA is 28% and 38% at superficial gas velocitiesmore » of 2 and 6 m/s respectively. Flow regimes maps with DRA were determined in horizontal pipes. The transition to the slug flow with DRA was observed to occur at a higher superficial liquid due to higher liquid flow rates. There is a conspicuous absence of drag reduction work for multiphase (oil-water-gas) flow in horizontal and inclined pipes.« less
Einleitung (2004)

Nach dem Ende des „e-Business“-Hype hat sich die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) zur Unterstützung des Kundenbeziehungsmanagements, so genannte Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systeme, in letzter Zeit durch zahlreiche (oft weniger erfolgreiche) Projekte zu einem dominierenden Thema in den Unternehmen entwickelt. Parallel dazu ist in der Wissenschaft, vor allem in der Wirtschaftsinformatik und im Marketing, ebenfalls ein verstärktes Interesse an diesem Thema zu erkennen. Es haben sich gleichzeitig in mehreren Disziplinen Interessens- gruppen und Sub-Disziplinen entwickelt (vgl. Sheth/Parvatiyar, 2002). Vor allem die Analyse der Auswirkungen des CRM auf den Unternehmenserfolg (vgl. z.B. Sin/Tse/Yau/Lee/Chow, 2002), die Beziehungsqualität (vgl. z.B. Liljander/Roos, 2002; Claycomb/Martin, 2002; GounarisA/enetis, 2002) und dieDienstleistungsqualität (vgl. z.B. Breithaupt, 2002; Bruhn, 2000) sind Inhalt des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses in diesem Forschungsbereich.
MP18-05 IS SALVAGE FOCAL CRYOTHERAPY CURATIVE TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER? (2016)

total of 179 complications were recorded mainly during the early follow-up period. There were 157 Clavien-Dindo grade 1-2 and 22 grade 3 complications. There were no grade 4 or 5 complications CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation is a viable minimally invasive salvage management option for rr-PCa. Durable DFS with acceptable morbidity can be achieved. sCRYO should be considered as a treatment options for appropriately selected patients deemed suitable for local salvage therapy.
Disruption of Growth Hormone Receptor Prevents Calorie Restriction from Improving Insulin Action and Longevity (2009)

Most mutations that delay aging and prolong lifespan in the mouse are related to somatotropic and/or insulin signaling. Calorie restriction (CR) is the only intervention that reliably increases mouse longevity. There is considerable phenotypic overlap between long-lived mutant mice and normal mice on chronic CR. Therefore, we investigated the interactive effects of CR and targeted disruption or knock out of the growth hormone receptor (GHRKO) in mice on longevity and the insulin signaling cascade. Every other day feeding corresponds to a mild (i.e. 15%) CR which increased median lifespan in normal mice but not in GHRKO mice corroborating our previous findings on the effects of moderate (30%) CR on the longevity of these animals. To determine why insulin sensitivity improves in normal but not GHRKO mice in response to 30% CR, we conducted insulin stimulation experiments after one year of CR. In normal mice, CR increased the insulin stimulated activation of the insulin signaling cascade (IR/IRS/PI3K/AKT) in liver and muscle. Livers of GHRKO mice responded to insulin by increased activation of the early steps of insulin signaling, which was dissipated by altered PI3K subunit abundance which putatively inhibited AKT activation. In the muscle of GHRKO mice, there was elevated downstream activation of the insulin signaling cascade (IRS/PI3K/AKT) in the absence of elevated IR activation. Further, we found a major reduction of inhibitory Ser phosphorylation of IRS-1 seen exclusively in GHRKO muscle which may underpin their elevated insulin sensitivity. Chronic CR failed to further modify the alterations in insulin signaling in GHRKO mice as compared to normal mice, likely explaining or contributing to the absence of CR effects on insulin sensitivity and longevity in these long-lived mice.
Multi-layer 5G mobile phone antenna for multi-user MIMO communications (2015)

In this study, a new design of multi-layer phased array antenna for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth generation (5G) mobile terminals is proposed. The proposed linear phased array antenna is designed on four layers of the Rogers RT5880 substrates to operate at 28 GHz which is under consideration for 5G wireless communications. Two identical linear sub arrays can be simultaneously used at different sides of the mobile-phone printed circuit board (PCB) for operation in diversity or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) modes. Each sub array contains eight elements of very compact off-center dipole antennas with dimensions of 5.4×0.65 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The feature of compact design with good beam-steering function makes them well-suited to integrate into the mobile-phone mock-up. The fundamental properties of the proposed antenna have been investigated. Simulations show that the proposed 5G antenna is effective for the required beam-coverage in multi-user MIMO communications.
Un monde à la carte : Villes et mobilités des cadres supérieurs européens (2016)

Avec les processus de mondialisation, certains groupes sociaux développent des mobilités transnationales parmi lesquels les cadres supérieurs semblent susceptibles de tirer avantage de ces dynamiques. Il apparaît pourtant que, malgré ces mobilités, les cadres supérieurs étudiés dans cet ouvrage à Paris, Lyon, Milan et Madrid demeurent profondément ancrés dans leurs quartiers et leurs villes. Leurs choix résidentiels sont marqués par des héritages et des liens familiaux et amicaux qui demeurent très structurants. La mobilité transnationale est inégale, beaucoup bougent peu et lorsqu’ils sont mobiles, ils ne vont pas très loin, pour des périodes limitées, et reviennent souvent à leur point de départ, d’où l’idée d’exit partiel de la société (et non pas de départ) : ceux qui partent accumulent des ressources et des expériences et reviennent dans leur société, souvent leur ville d’origine, vivant une forme de transnationalisation avec filet de sécurité. Enfin, dans les quatre villes, les cadres supérieurs se représentent comme l’avant-garde de la mondialisation et développent pour eux et surtout pour les enfants des stratégies pour s’adapter. Les plus mobiles demeurent très enracinés, mais se distinguent clairement des cadres supérieurs qui ne voyagent pas, d’où l’hypothèse de l’émergence d’une espèce de classe de cadres supérieurs européens mobiles qui partage des pratiques et des valeurs. (Résumé éditeur)
Vascularized Muscle Flap to Reduce Wound Breakdown During Flexible Electrode-Mediated Functional Electrical Stimulation After Peripheral Nerve Injury (2020)

The success of devices delivering functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been hindered by complications related to implants including skin breakdown and subsequent wound dehiscence. Our hypothesis was that a vascularized muscle flap along the dorsal surface of an epimysial electrode would prevent skin breakdown during FES therapy to treat atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle during peripheral nerve injury. Resection of a tibial nerve segment with subsequent electrode implantation on the dorsal surfaces of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed on ten Lewis rats. In five rats, the biceps femoris (BF) muscle was dissected and placed along the dorsal surface of the electrode (Flap group). The other five animals did not undergo flap placement (No Flap group). All animals were treated with daily FES therapy for 2 weeks and degree of immune response and skin breakdown were evaluated. The postoperative course of one animal in the No Flap group was complicated by complete wound dehiscence requiring euthanasia of the animal on postoperative day 4. The remaining 4 No Flap animals showed evidence of ulceration at the implant by postoperative day 7. The 5 animals in the Flap group did not have ulcerative lesions. Excised tissue at postoperative day 14 examined by histology and <i>in vivo</i> Imaging System (IVIS) showed decreased implant-induced inflammation in the Flap group. Expression of specific markers for local foreign body response were also decreased in the Flap group.