gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological–Electrical Property Relation in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Solar Cells: Significance of Crystal Grain Growth and Band Grading by Potassium Treatment (2020)

Solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) has a great potential for the production of large-area photovoltaic devices at low cost. However, CIGS solar cells processed from solution exhibit relatively lower performance compared to vacuum-processed devices because of a lack of proper composition distribution, which is mainly instigated by the limited Se uptake during chalcogenization. In this work, a unique potassium treatment method is utilized to improve the selenium uptake judiciously, enhancing grain sizes and forming a wider bandgap minimum region. Careful engineering of the bandgap grading structure also results in an enlarged space charge region, which is favorable for electron-hole separation and efficient charge carrier collection. Besides, this device processing approach has led to a linearly increasing electron diffusion length and carrier lifetime with increasing the grain size of the CIGS film, which is a critical achievement for enhancing photocurrent yield. Overall, 15% of power conversion efficiency is achieved in solar cells processed from environmentally benign solutions. This approach offers critical insights for precise device design and processing rules for solution-processed CIGS solar cells.
The Concept of Adequacy in Peritoneal Dialysis (1994)

The aim of renal replacement therapy is to obtain blood purification from metabolic waste products sufficient to achieve patient rehabilitation, the control of dry body weight, and the correction of acid base and electrolyte imbalances (1–3). Among these, the correction of the hormonal imbalances as a result of renal disease would also be required (4). However, this is difficult to achieve, and the majority of substitute therapies such as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis focus on blood purification and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. For this reason the search for the optimal dialytic therapy has been limited to the possibility of achieving a treatment that could at least be adequate in terms of blood purification and patient rehabilitation. Therefore, dialysis adequacy has been selected as a term to indicate successful renal replacement therapy, one that could overcome most of the uremic symptoms and allow the patient to reach a sufficient degree of rehabilitation, even though the treatment is far from the complete and optimal substitution of the lost kidney function in its whole. In recent years the concept of dialysis adequacy has been studied by several authors, and a continuous evolution of this concept has been observed. From the original description of the square-meter-hour hypothesis of Babb and Scribner in 1971 (5), a series of new studies led to the clinical application of various indices devoted to describing the level of efficiency achieved by dialysis treatment (6,7). Finally, after the American National Cooperative Dialysis Study was analyzed, and the KTN index was selected as a marker for dialysis adequacy, the majority of authors now rely on this index and are proposing various formulas for its calculation (8–11).
Expression and Regulation of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 on Lymphocytes from Normal and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mucosa (2004)

Chemokine receptors play an important role in the recruitment of activated T cells to inflammatory sites. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on T lymphocytes in intestinal lymphoid tissues and to document the altered disposition of these cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The expression and regulation of CXCR3 on mucosal lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were analyzed by flow cytometry and Northern blotting. The migration of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and PBLs to interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10 (or CXCL10) was evaluated by chemotaxis assays. IFN-gamma and interleukin-4-producing T lymphocytes were quantitated by intracellular staining, and IFN-gamma was measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CXCR3 is expressed on the majority of CD4 lamina propria (LP) T cells and correlates with a T-helper (Th) type 1/Th-0 cytokine phenotype on LP and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4 T lymphocytes. IP-10/CXCL10 is more chemotactic in vitro for both CD4 and CD8 T cells that have been isolated from the LP compared with peripheral blood. CXCR3 protein, but not messenger RNA, expression was lower in inflamed LPLs compared with uninvolved LPLs in patients with ulcerative colitis but not in those with Crohn's disease. However, CXCR3 was expressed on a higher percentage of MLN CD4 T cells isolated from inflamed intestinal tissue, and CXCR3 expression could be induced in vitro with T-cell activation in MLN CD4 T cells. In summary, most CXCR3 T lymphocytes in normal intestinal tissues are Th-1/Th-0 effector/memory cells. Activation-dependent receptor regulation and alteration in receptor-bearing cells, primarily in MLN draining inflamed intestinal tissue, suggest an important role for this T-cell subset in the pathogenesis of human IBD.
Exome sequencing in bipolar disorder reveals shared risk gene AKAP11 with schizophrenia (2021)

Abstract Here we report results from the Bipolar Exome (BipEx) collaboration analysis of whole exome sequencing of 13,933 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), matched with 14,422 controls. We find an excess of ultra-rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in BD patients among genes under strong evolutionary constraint, a signal evident in both major BD subtypes, bipolar 1 disorder (BD1) and bipolar 2 disorder (BD2). We also find an excess of ultra-rare PTVs within genes implicated from a recent schizophrenia exome meta-analysis (SCHEMA; 24,248 SCZ cases and 97,322 controls) and among binding targets of CHD8. Genes implicated from GWAS of BD, however, are not significantly enriched for ultra-rare PTVs. Combining BD gene-level results with SCHEMA, AKAP11 emerges as a definitive risk gene (ultra-rare PTVs seen in 33 cases and 13 controls, OR = 7.06, P = 2.83 × 10 −9 ). At the protein level, AKAP-11 is known to interact with GSK3B, the hypothesized mechanism of action for lithium, one of the few treatments for BD. Overall, our results lend further support to the polygenic basis of BD and demonstrate a role for rare coding variation as a significant risk factor in BD onset.
Non-line-of-sight object location estimation from scattered light using plenoptic data (2020)

We investigate the use of plenoptic data for locating non-line-of-sight (NLOS) objects from a scattered light signature. Using Fourier analysis, the resolution limits of the depth and transversal location estimates are derived from fundamental considerations on scattering physics and measurement noise. Based on the refocusing algorithm developed in the computer vision field, we derive an alternative formulation of the projection slice theorem in a form directly connecting the light field and a full spatial frequency spectrum including both depth and transversal dimensions. Using this alternative formulation, we propose an efficient spatial frequency filtering method for location estimation that is defined on a newly introduced mixed space frequency plane and achieves the theoretically limited depth resolution. A comparison with experimental results is reported.
VCSELs emitting in the 1550 nm waveband with 0.6 mW single mode output in 20-80/spl deg/C temperature range (2004)

Wafer fused 7 /spl mu/m aperture InGaAlAs/AlGaAs VCSELs with InAlGaAs-based tunnel junction injection show record high 0.6 mW single mode output, 30 dB side-mode suppression ratio and 9/spl deg/ full width at half maximum in 20-80/spl deg/C temperature range.
Use of 2H2O to study labeling in plasma glucose and hepatic glycogen during a hyperglycemic clamp (1994)

In this study, we demonstrate the use of 2H2O, in a manner analogous to 3H2O, to study gluconeogenic flux (deuterium labeling at the carbon-6 position of glucose) relative to overall flux through glucose 6-phosphate (deuterium labeling at the carbon-2 position of glucose) into glucose output and glycogen synthesis during hyperglycemia. Before the study (4 days), jugular and carotid catheters were placed. Rats were fasted for 17 h before the study. 2H2O was infused for 2 h at 3 ml/h, with a subsequent 1-h equilibration period. A hyperglycemic clamp at 180 mg/dl (10 mM) was then performed for 90 min (plasma samples obtained at 10-min intervals). At the end of the experiment, anesthesia was induced and the liver removed. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy isotopomer analysis of four different mass clusters from glucose was used to determine deuterium enrichment on the carbon-2 (E2D) and carbon-6 (E6D) positions of plasma glucose and glycogen-glucose. The results show that the labeling pattern in glycogen and plasma glucose was virtually identical. In addition, the E6D-to-E2D ratio in plasma glucose did not change during hyperglycemia. Additional studies were performed to show that the E6D-to-E2D ratio was decreased in the fed state and that the fed animal, compared with the fasted rat, had a marked increase in the ratio when given an epinephrine infusion. Thus it was concluded that this was a robust new technique for analyzing glucose and glycogen metabolism in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thrombin generation assays are versatile tools in blood coagulation analysis: A review of technical features, and applications from research to laboratory routine (2021)

Thrombin is the pivotal enzyme in the biochemistry of secondary hemostasis crucial to maintaining homeostasis of hemostasis. In contrast to routine coagulation tests (PT or aPTT) or procoagulant or anticoagulant factor assays (e.g. fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin or protein C), the thrombin generation assay (TGA), also named thrombin generation test (TGT) is a so-called "global assay" that provides a picture of the hemostasis balance though a continuous and simultaneous measurement of thrombin formation and inhibition. First described in the early 1950s, as a manual assay, efforts have been made in order to standardize and automate the assay to offer researchers, clinical laboratories and the pharmaceutical industry a versatile tool covering a wide range of clinical and non-clinical applications. This review describes technical options offered to properly run TGA, including a review of preanalytical and analytical items, performance, interpretation, and applications in physiology research and pharmacy.
New polyisobutylene-based model elastomeric ionomers. VIII. Thermal-mechanical analysis (1985)

A series of well-characterized telechelic polyisobutylene-based sulfonated metal-neutralized ionomers have been studied using thermal-mechanical analysis (TMA). These ionomers serve as models in the sense that the ionic groups are located exclusively at the chain ends and hence the ionomeric character is well defined. The chemical parameters varied are (i) molecular weight, (ii) molecular architecture (linear or triarm products), (iii) addition of excess neutralizing agent, and (iv) type of cation. The effect of the above parameters on the glass transition temperature and the softening temperature (after the rubbery plateau region) is presented. It is observed that the glass transition temperature is only slightly affected by the above parameters due to the very low ionic content in these ionomers (< 2 mol %). In the case of the triarm ionomer with excess neutralizing agent, the softening temperature following the rubbery plateau is much higher than that of the linear difunctional species. Linear monofunctional species do not show a rubbery plateau behavior and readily flow above their Tg in the absence or presence of excess neutralizing agent. The excess salt is most likely located at the ionic sites rather than being uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. Zinc-neutralized ionomers were found to have the lowest softening temperatures as compared to the corresponding calcium and potassium-neutralized ionomers. The covalent character of zinc is believed to be primarily responsible for this behavior. Thermal stability of these metalneutralized ionomers is not significantly different from the sulfonated hydrocarbon precursor polymer. However, the unneutralized acid precursor polymers start to discolor at relatively lower temperatures, thereby suggesting poorer thermal stability.
Correction: Masking thiol reactivity with thioamide, thiourea, and thiocarbamate-based MBPs (2023)

Correction for 'Masking thiol reactivity with thioamide, thiourea, and thiocarbamate-based MBPs' by Hyeonglim Seo <i>et al.</i>, <i>Chem. Commun.</i>, 2023, <b>59</b>, 2283-2286, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC06596G.
Feature selection for unbiased imputation of missing values: A case study in healthcare (2021)

Datasets in healthcare are plagued with incomplete information. Imputation is a common method to deal with missing data where the basic idea is to substitute some reasonable guess for each missing value and then continue with the analysis as if there were no missing data. However unbiased predictions based on imputed datasets can only be guaranteed when the missing mechanism is completely independent of the observed or missing data. Often, this promise is broken in healthcare dataset acquisition due to unintentional errors or response bias of the interviewees. We highlight this issue by studying extensively on an annual health survey dataset on infant mortality prediction and provide a systematic testing for such assumption. We identify such biased features using an empirical approach and show the impact of wrongful inclusion of these features on the predictive performance.Clinical relevance- We show that blind analysis along with plug and play imputation of healthcare data is a potential pitfall that clinicians and researchers want to avoid in finding important markers of disease.
Supplementary Methods from BAD Phosphorylation Determines Ovarian Cancer Chemosensitivity and Patient Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 103KB, SUPPLEMENTARY EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES AND SUPPLEMENTAL REFERENCES.&lt;/p&gt;
Long-Term Effects of Prepubertal Testicular Vessel Ligation on Testicular Function in the Rat (1990)

To determine the effects of unilateral testicular vein and artery ligation in the immature rat on the function and final location of the testis at adulthood, 10-day-old male rats underwent either a sham operation or unilateral ligation of these vessels of the still undescended testis. Testicular location, blood flow, size and histology as well as ventral prostate weights were measured 50 days later at adulthood. At age 60 days, it was determined that all testes were descended into the scrotum, and there were no differences in testis and ventral prostate weights, intratesticular sperm counts and mean seminiferous tubular area between the control and sham operated animals. However, there was an 18% reduction in testicular blood flow (ml. per 100 gm. per minute +/- standard error of mean) in the operated animals when compared to the sham (20.43 +/- 1.10 versus 16.69 +/- 0.74, p less than 0.02). These data indicate that although there is a slight but significant reduction in testicular blood flow at adulthood when the testicular artery and vein are ligated early in life, this diminution is not sufficient to alter the ultimate location, testicular weight and spermatogenic function of the testis. This would suggest that after ligation of the main testicular vessels to the immature testis, the collateral blood supply is able to compensate with time to allow normal growth and development of the testis. These experimental observations provide additional support for the 2-staged approach to the high undescended testis whereby the testicular vessels are initially ligated and a subsequent procedure is performed to place the undescended testis into the scrotum.
Design, implementation and deployment of state machines using a generative approach (2008)

Abstract. We describe an approach to designing and implementing a distrib-uted system as a family of related finite state machines, generated from a single abstract model. Various artefacts are generated from each state machine, in-cluding diagrams, source-level protocol implementations and documentation. The state machine family formalises the interactions between the components of the distributed system, allowing increased confidence in correctness. Our methodology facilitates the application of state machines to problems for which they would not otherwise be suitable. We illustrate the technique with the example of a Byzantine-fault-tolerant model can be defined in terms of an abstract state space and various categories of state transitions. We describe how such an abstract model can be deployed in a concrete system, and propose a general methodology for developing systems in this style. 1
Oral intake of silica nanoparticles exacerbates intestinal inflammation (2020)

Nanoparticles, i.e., particles with a diameter of ≤100 nm regardless of their composing material, are added to various foods as moisturizers, coloring agents, and preservatives. Silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>, silica) nanoparticles in particular are widely used as food additives. However, the influence of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle oral consumption on intestinal homeostasis remains unclear. The daily intake of 10-nm-sized SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, whereas the daily intake of 30-nm-sized SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles has no influence on intestinal inflammation. The exacerbation of colitis induced by consuming 10-nm-sized SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was abolished in mice deficient in apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). Our study indicates that the oral intake of small SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles poses a risk for worsening intestinal inflammation through activation of the ASC inflammasome.
Treatment With Infliximab Is Associated With Increased Markers of Bone Formation in Patients With Crohn's Disease (2005)

Treatment with infliximab was associated with increased markers of bone formation (BAP) without increasing bone resorption (NTX). This effect may be due to a beneficial effect of TNF-alpha blockade on bone turnover, a beneficial effect on CD activity resulting in decreased glucocorticoid dose, or both. Studies of longer duration are needed to assess the effect of infliximab on bone mineral density.
Modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electro-optic silicon-based Mach-Zehnder modulator (2013)

An analytical model for calculating the nonlinear RF distortion products in silicon-based electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators is reported and experimentally validated. The model takes into account the nonlinearity inherent to the plasma dispersion effect.
Strong Constraints on the Rare DecaysBs0→μ+μ−andB0→μ+μ− (2012)

A search for B(s)(0) → μ+ μ- and B0 → μ+ μ decays is performed using 1.0 fb(-1) of pp collision data collected at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV with the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. For both decays, the number of observed events is consistent with expectation from background and standard model signal predictions. Upper limits on the branching fractions are determined to be B(B(s)(0) → μ+ μ-) < 4.5(3.8)×10(-9) and B(B0 → μ+ μ-) < 1.0(0.81)×10(-9) at 95% (90%) confidence level.
Tumor regression in patients with metastatic renal cancer treated with a monoclonal antibody to CTLA4 (MDX-010) (2005)

2501 Background: T-lymphocytes express both co-stimulatory (CD28) and inhibitory (CTLA4) receptors that are engaged by the B7 family of ligands. One strategy to unbalance this antagonistic network in favor of lymphocyte activation is to block CTLA4 engagement using a monoclonal antibody to this receptor. Methods: In a phase II protocol, patients with advanced renal cancer were given MDX-010, a human IgG1 antibody to CTLA4 every 3 weeks. One cohort (cohort A, N=21) received 3 mg/kg once, followed by 1 mg/kg. A second cohort (B, N=20) received all doses at 3 mg/kg. Response rate was the primary endpoint. Results: Toxicities were primarily autoimmune with 3 patients in cohort A and 9 patients in cohort B experiencing significant autoimmune toxicity. This included enteritis (n=9), hypophysitis (N=2) and meningitis (N=1). Brief oral or parenteral steroids were used to treat symptomatic autoimmune enteritis, and one patient underwent colectomy for perforation while the others resolved. One patient in cohort A had an objective response (RR=5%) while 5 of 20 patients in cohort B responded (RR=20%). All responses were partial and durations are 18, 8, 8+, 8+, 6+ and 4+ months. Three of the 6 responding patients had had previous IL-2, although the impact of this factor is still under analysis. All 6 responding patients were among the 12 patients showing autoimmune manifestations with no responses in the other 29 patients (p=0.0002). Conclusions: CTLA4 blockade using the MDX-010 antibody can induce the regression of metastatic renal cancer and these regressions are associated with clinical autoimmune breakthrough events. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Medarex Medarex
Engineering Anti-EGFR Antibodies for Treatment of Breast Cancers with Poor Prognosis (2008)

Abstract : To enhance in vivo efficacy of anti-EGFR full length IgG for treatment of basal breast cancers, the most aggressive subtypes, we have successfully employed molecular evolution approach to improve Fc binding affinity to Fc receptor that activates ADCC effect in our 2008 report. In the current report, we focus on the molecular evolution of Fc binding affinity to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which modulates the half-life of IgG in vivo. In detail, we first expressed and purified soluble human FcRn in mammalian CHO expression system, then used human FcRn to select yeast-displayed library of Fc domain variants with random mutations. Several Fc domain variants were identified to bind human FcRn with enhanced affinity than wild-type Fc. We also found that by alternating FcRn and Fc gamma RIIIa/V158 in sorting, some variants exhibited higher binding affinity to both human FcRn and Fc gamma RIIIa/V158, which was not observed in previous studies improving the affinity to FcRn while losing the binding to Fc gamma RIIIa/V158. The Fc variants with improved affinity to both FcRn and Fc gamma RIIIa/V158 may show enhanced ADCC and prolonged half-life in vivo.
Regulatory Roles of Anoctamin-6 in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2017)

Ionomycin activates CaCCs associated with net cation movement in TM cells. These currents, ICl,Swell, and cell volume are regulated by Ano6. The findings suggest a novel clinically-relevant approach for altering cell volume, and thereby outflow resistance, by targeting Ano6.
Multi-task learning for Joint Language Understanding and Dialogue State\n Tracking (2018)

This paper presents a novel approach for multi-task learning of language\nunderstanding (LU) and dialogue state tracking (DST) in task-oriented dialogue\nsystems. Multi-task training enables the sharing of the neural network layers\nresponsible for encoding the user utterance for both LU and DST and improves\nperformance while reducing the number of network parameters. In our proposed\nframework, DST operates on a set of candidate values for each slot that has\nbeen mentioned so far. These candidate sets are generated using LU slot\nannotations for the current user utterance, dialogue acts corresponding to the\npreceding system utterance and the dialogue state estimated for the previous\nturn, enabling DST to handle slots with a large or unbounded set of possible\nvalues and deal with slot values not seen during training. Furthermore, to\nbridge the gap between training and inference, we investigate the use of\nscheduled sampling on LU output for the current user utterance as well as the\nDST output for the preceding turn.\n