gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pd/C-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Dibenzodioxocin Lignin Model Compounds Using Silanes and Water as Hydrogen Source (2017)

A mild Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the C–O bond of model compounds representing the dibenzodioxocin motif in lignin using polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and water as hydrogen sources was developed. The efficiency of the reaction is highly dependent on both water concentration and the addition of a base. The results from mechanistic studies showed that the benzylic C–O bond is cleaved faster than the terminal C–O bond, which only cleaves upon the presence of the neighboring phenol. We propose a hydrogen bond formation between an oxygen atom of an ether group and a proton of a neighboring phenol under the employed mild reaction conditions, which facilitates cleavage of the C–O bond.
Rational ligand choice extends the SABRE substrate scope (2020)

Here we report on chelating ligands for Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) catalysts that permit hyperpolarisation on otherwise sterically hindered substrates.
Expert System for Integrated Control and Supervision of Dry-End Sections of Paper Machines (2004)

A rule-based expert system for the integrated control and supervision of the dry-end sections of a paper machine is proposed. This system is capable of recognizing all the normal and abnormal changes in process operating conditions, including acceleration of sections, threading of paper sheet, nip pressure activation, activation and deactivation of tension control loops, change of parent roll, and sheet break. A core part of the system is the supervision of the sensorless tension control of the dry-end sections, assuring its long-term stability.
Interview. L’histoire secrète de la République décentralisée, épisode 2 (2018)

Voici quinze ans, la décentralisation faisait son entrée dans la loi fondamentale. Une réforme pour laquelle le Premier ministre Jean-Pierre Raffarin a dû batailler contre sa propre administration.
Third Place—Resident Basic Science Award 1999 Elevated Nitric Oxide Metabolite Levels in Chronic Sinusitis (2000)

Decreased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is found in chronic sinusitis. NO metabolites (nitrates, nitrites, and S-nitrosothiols) were measured in sinus lavages with a rabbit model of chronic sinusitis. NO metabolite levels (mean +/- SD) were 3.0+/-1.6 micromol/L in uninfected rabbits, 10.7+/-11.4 micromol/L in infected animals, and 7.6+/-5.4 micromol/L in postantrostomy recovering animals. Infected sinuses had elevated levels of NO metabolites that were statistically significant (P<0.01) when compared with uninfected sinuses. Mucociliary transport velocity was measured in uninfected (16.0+/-5.7 mm/minute), infected (5.2+/-1.3 mm/minute), and recovery phases (3.0 mm/minute). Endoscopic appearance, light and electron microscopy, and bacterial cultures improved during recovery. Elevated levels of NO metabolites were found during chronic sinusitis and began to return to normal levels during recovery. The possible link between NO in epithelial autotoxicity and host defense mechanisms warrants further investigation.
A novel variant in SMG9 causes intellectual disability, confirming a role for nonsense-mediated decay components in neurocognitive development (2022)

Abstract Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the SMG9 gene, encoding a regulatory subunit of the mRNA nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) machinery, are reported to cause heart and brain malformation syndrome. Here we report five patients from three unrelated families with intellectual disability (ID) and a novel pathogenic SMG9 c.551 T &gt; C p.(Val184Ala) homozygous missense variant, identified using exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing confirmed recessive segregation in each family. SMG9 c.551T &gt; C p.(Val184Ala) is most likely an autozygous variant identical by descent. Characteristic clinical findings in patients were mild to moderate ID, intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular manifestations. We used RNA sequencing of patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls to assess the effect of the variant. RNA sequencing revealed that the SMG9 c.551T &gt; C variant did not affect the splicing or expression level of SMG9 gene products, and allele-specific expression analysis did not provide evidence that the nonsense mRNA-induced NMD was affected. Differential gene expression analysis identified prevalent upregulation of genes in patients, including the genes SMOX, OSBP2, GPX3 , and ZNF155 . These findings suggest that normal SMG9 function may be involved in transcriptional regulation without affecting nonsense mRNA-induced NMD. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the SMG9 c.551T &gt; C missense variant causes a neurodevelopmental disorder and impacts gene expression. NMD components have roles beyond aberrant mRNA degradation that are crucial for neurocognitive development.
Detection of Polysaccharide Cell Wall Antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Rabbit Model by Coun terimmunoelec trophoresis (1982)

A rabbit chamber model was developed and inoculated with 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) of viable Neisseria gonorrhoeae to determine whether the lipopolysaccharide-derived Gc2 polysaccharide cell wall antigens could be detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Four hours after inoculation, a polymorphonuclear leukocyte response was noted in the chambers; this response was followed by progressive phagocytosis of the organisms and a fall in number of cfu/ml. All visible bacteria were intracellular, and chamber fluids were sterile 6 hr after inoculation. Use of sero specific antisera permitted detection by CIE of the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen in sera of all rabbits within 48 hr after inoculation of the chambers, whereas blood cultures remained sterile throughout the experiment. At 2-6 hr after inoculation, the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen was also detected as a single precipitin band in the chamber fluid of inoculated rabbits. At 24 hr the precipitin band was not observed; rather, a halo above the antigen well was noted. The halo was found to be a nonspecific complex containing the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen and no antibody. In the rabbit model studied, CIE was sufficiently sensitive to detect concentrations of the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen of greater than or equal to 0.97 microgram/ml in serum and chamber fluid.
Exploration of Copper-Cysteamine Nanoparticles as a New Type of Agents for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation (2019)

Copper-cysteamine (Cu-Cy) nanoparticles (NPs) are a new type of sensitizers that can be activated by UV light, X-rays, microwaves and ultrasound to produce reactive oxygen species for cancer treatment. Here, for the first time, we explored Cu-Cy NPs for bacteria inactivation by treating gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>) and gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>), respectively. The results show that Cu-Cy NPs are very effective in killing gram-positive bacteria but are quite limited in killing gram-negative bacteria yet. The major killing mechanism is cell damage by singlet oxygen and Cu-Cy NPs are potential agents for bacteria inactivation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of D‐Galactose‐Type gem‐Diamine 1‐N‐Iminosugar: A New Family of Galactosidase Inhibitors. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
465-km repeaterless transmission using a 2.488 Gb/s directly modulated DFB laser (1996)

By employing a directly modulated DFB laser at 2.488 Gb/s in a repeaterless transmission system we have transmitted over distances up to 465 km. The system employs remote post- and pre-amplifiers as well as dispersion-compensating fiber. No spectral broadening, except the frequency chirp of the laser, is employed for suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Insights on β-Hairpin Stability in Aqueous Solution from Peptides with Enforced Type I‘ and Type II‘ β-Turns (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTInsights on β-Hairpin Stability in Aqueous Solution from Peptides with Enforced Type I' and Type II' β-TurnsTasir S. Haque and Samuel H. GellmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9, 2303–2304Publication Date (Web):March 5, 1997Publication History Received23 October 1996Published online5 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963653hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963653hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1495Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Noncovalent interactions,Peptides and proteins,Protein folding,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, X-ray Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of a New Class of Stereopure Lactam-Based HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors (2012)

In an effort to identify a new class of druglike HIV-1 protease inhibitors, four different stereopure β-hydroxy γ-lactam-containing inhibitors have been synthesized, biologically evaluated, and cocrystallized. The impact of the tether length of the central spacer (two or three carbons) was also investigated. A compound with a shorter tether and (3R,4S) absolute configuration exhibited high activity with a K(i) of 2.1 nM and an EC(50) of 0.64 μM. Further optimization by decoration of the P1' side chain furnished an even more potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor (K(i) = 0.8 nM, EC(50) = 0.04 μM). According to X-ray analysis, the new class of inhibitors did not fully succeed in forming two symmetric hydrogen bonds to the catalytic aspartates. The crystal structures of the complexes further explain the difference in potency between the shorter inhibitors (two-carbon spacer) and the longer inhibitors (three-carbon spacer).
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER OVER SPARSELY SPACED ROD ROUGHENED WALL (2013)

Direct Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of spatially developing turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) over 2D rod-roughened walls were performed to investigate the structure of TBL over the sparsely distributed roughness element. 2D rod elements were employed periodically arranged in the streamwise direction with pitches of px/k = 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128, where px the streamwise spacing of the roughness and k is the roughness height. The frontal solidity (λf) of the present study ranges from 0.125 to 0.0078 that corresponds to the sparse distribution regime (λf < 0.15). The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness was varied in the range Reθ = 300~1400 and the roughness height was k = 1.56θin, where θin is the momentum thickness at the inlet. The characteristics of the TBLs such as friction velocity, mean velocity and Reynolds stresses over the 2D rod-roughened walls were compared with the result from TBL over a smooth wall at the similar Reynolds number. The amplitude modulation analysis was performed to study the inner/outer layer interaction of TBL. It was shown that the interaction between the inner and outer layers is maximum for the case of px/k = 8, the rough wall flows support the Townsend's wall similarity hypothesis.
Evaluation of a Thermoresponsive Polycaprolactone Scaffold for In Vitro Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Differentiation (2014)

Tissue engineering (TE) strategies aim at imitating the natural process of regeneration by using bioresorbable scaffolds that support cellular attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Based on the idea of combining a fully degradable polymer [poly(ɛ-caprolactone)] with a thermoresponsive polymer (polyethylene glycol methacrylate), a scaffold was developed, which liquefies below 20°C and solidifies at 37°C. In this study, this scaffold was evaluated for its ability to support C2C12 cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to generate an expandable three-dimensional (3D) construct for soft or bone TE. As a first step, biomaterial seeding was optimized and cellular attachment, survival, distribution, and persistence within the 3D material were characterized. C2C12 cells were differentiated toward the osteogenic as well as myogenic lineage, while ASCs were cultured in control, adipogenic, or osteogenic differentiation media. Differentiation was examined using quantitative real-time PCR for the expression of osteogenic, myogenic, and adipogenic markers and by enzyme activity and immunoassays. Both cell types attached and were found evenly distributed within the material. C2C12 cells and ASCs demonstrated the potential to differentiate in all tested lineages under 2D conditions. Under 3D osteogenic conditions for C2C12 cells, only osteocalcin expression (fold induction: 16.3±0.2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p<0.001) were increased compared with the control C2C12 cells. Three-dimensional osteogenic differentiation of ASC was limited and donor dependent. Only one donor showed an increase in the osteogenic markers osteocalcin (p=0.027) and osteopontin (p=0.038). In contrast, differentiation toward the myogenic or adipogenic lineage showed expression of specific markers in 3D, at least at the level of the 2D culture. In 3D culture, strong induction of myogenin (p<0.001) as well as myoD (p<0.001) was found in C2C12 cells. The adipogenic differentiation of one donor showed greater expression of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p=0.004), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) (p=0.008), and adiponectin (p=0.045) in 3D compared with 2D culture. Leptin levels in the supernatant of the ASC cultures were elevated in the 3D cultures in both donors at day 14 and 21. In conclusion, the thermoresponsive scaffold was found suitable for 3D in vitro differentiation toward soft tissue.
Comparison the fit of three-unit metal framework fabricated by wax milling method and digital light projection method (2019)

Purpose: This study was conducted to comparative evaluate the marginal and internal gap of three-unit metal frameworks(Co-Cr) fabricated by wax milling method and digital light projection method of CAD/CAM systems.Methods: All the specimens were fabricated by three different fabrication methods: conventional wax up with casting(CWC), milled wax block with casting(MWC), digital light projection with casting(DLPC) (n=10 each).The marginal and internal fits of specimens were examined using a replica technique.The light-body silicone thickness was measured at 8 reference points(each abutment: 16 measurements).All measurements were conducted by a stereomicroscope.Digital photo were taken at 150 magnification and then analyzed using a measurement software.The Mann-Whitney test was used for analyzing the results.Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the fabrication methods(p<0.001).The mean(SD) is m for fabrication methods, the mean marginal fit were recorded respectively, CWC 63(38), MWC group 50(33), DLPC 103(54) and the mean internal fit CWC 96(47), MWC group 116(41), DLPC 138(66). Conclusion :The marginal and internal fit were statistically different according to the fabrication methods(p<0.001).In all fabrication methods, the greatest misfit was found the occlusal area of all specimens.
AMIGO2 Contained in Cancer Cell-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Enhances the Adhesion of Liver Endothelial Cells to Cancer Cells (2021)

Abstract Adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells in target organs is an initial step in cancer metastasis. Our previous studies revealed that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) promotes the adhesion of tumor cells to liver endothelial cells, followed by the formation of liver metastasis in a mouse model. However, the precise mechanism underlying AMIGO2-promoted the adhesion of tumor cells and liver endothelial cells remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the role of cancer cell-derived AMIGO2-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in the adhesion of cancer cells to human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Western blotting indicated that AMIGO2 was present in sEVs from AMIGO2-overexpressing MKN-28 gastric cancer cells. The efficiency of sEV incorporation into HHSECs was independent of the AMIGO2 content in sEVs. When sEV-derived AMIGO2 was internalized in HHSECs, it significantly enhanced the adhesion of HHSECs to gastric (MKN-28 and MKN-74) and colorectal cancer cells (SW480), all of which lacked AMIGO2 expression. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism by which sEV-derived AMIGO2 released from AMIGO2-expressing cancer cells stimulates endothelial cell adhesion to different cancer cells for the initiate step of liver metastasis.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of an Oxaliplatin Sensitivity Predictor in a Preclinical Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 110K, 14 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PDCCEs were arrayed, RMA normalized and base on a 3D principal components analysis, CRC057 was omitted from further analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Design of a Wide Planar Waveguide Antenna for UHF Near-Field RFID Reader With High Reading Rate (2020)

UHF near-field RFID reader antenna based on leaky waveguide is proposed and the performance is evaluated using numerical simulation and experiment. In order to suppress the standing wave along transverse direction, a pair of notches is placed on the transverse edge of the mesh layer of the planar waveguide. Diversity operation by switching impedance of the end terminal of the planar waveguide antenna is also introduced to suppress the standing wave effect along longitudinal direction. Numerical simulation and experiment show that the near-field null lines parallel to the longitudinal direction is almost removed by the presence of the notches and the distribution of the field strength becomes almost uniform because of the utilization of the switching diversity. It is demonstrated that the reading performance of the commercial RFID tags is greatly improved by using the proposed RFID reader antenna with the diversity operation of termination impedance.
SN79, A Novel Sigma (σ) ‐ 2 Receptor Antagonist, Attenuates Cocaine‐Induced Behaviors In Mice (2008)

Cocaine is highly addictive and its abuse is involved in more emergency room visits than any other illicit drug. Unfortunately, there is no effective pharmacotherapy to treat it. Cocaine interacts with both sigma (σ)‐1 &amp; 2 receptors. The role of σ‐1 receptors in attenuating cocaine‐induced behaviors has been established using pharmacological antagonists and antisense oligonucleotides. In contrast, the role of σ‐2 receptors in the treatment of cocaine abuse is unclear due to the lack of σ‐2 selective compounds. In the present study, radioligand and behavioral studies were conducted to characterize SN79, a putative σ‐2 selective compound. Radioligand binding studies showed that SN79 has nanomolar affinity for σ‐2 receptors and negligible affinity for σ‐1 receptors. In behavioral studies, pretreatment of male, Swiss Webster mice with SN79 (0.1–10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the effects produced by a convulsive (70 mg/kg) or locomotor stimulant (20 mg/kg) dose of cocaine. SN79 also significantly blocked the development and expression of the sensitized response to subchronic treatment with cocaine. Alone, SN79 had sedative effects at acute higher doses, which disappeared upon repeated exposure. These results point towards the importance of targeting σ‐2 receptors in the development of an effective anti‐cocaine therapy, and also establish SN79 as the most σ‐2 selective compound to date. (Support: DA013978 , DA023205 )
Flexible Type: Methods and Applications of Modifying Glyph's Horizontal and Vertical Weight (2019)

Graphic designers create logos or artworks by using various tools such as Adobe Illustrator, InDesign etc. Many times, designers face a major problem where they want to change the visual appearance of the text to fit the design in the current context or to make the design look better, but text editing options provided today are very limiting to the user's creativity. The designers get around this by converting text to outlines and then modifying each glyph like a separate graphic. This leads to text no longer being live (essentially unlinked) and the edits for each glyph can be time consuming. The poster presents methods for modifying glyph's horizontal and vertical weight. Later, the poster aims to provide the application of such modification to generate multiple styles by modifying glyph's overall Weight, Width, CapHeight, xHeight, height of Ascender and Descender etc.
Electrical behaviour of native cellulose nanofibril/carbon nanotube hybrid aerogels under cyclic compression (2016)

Hybrid aerogels consisting of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and modified few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNT) are investigated under cyclic mechanical compression to explore "electrical fatigue". For this purpose the FWCNTs were hydrophilized, thus promoting their aqueous dispersibility to allow FWCNT/CNF hybrid hydrogels, followed by freeze-drying to obtain hybrid aerogels. The optimized composition consisting of FWCNT/CNF 20/80 wt/wt showed conductivity of 10<sup>-5</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> as promoted due to double percolation, and showed only small changes in electrical and mechanical behaviour upon cycling 100 times. The electrical behaviour under cycled compression shows good stability and reversibility.
microRNA-33 deficiency in macrophages enhances autophagy, improves mitochondrial homeostasis, and protects against lung fibrosis (2023)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease. Recent findings have shown a marked metabolic reprogramming associated with changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy during pulmonary fibrosis. The microRNA-33 (miR-33) family of microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded within the introns of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) genes are master regulators of sterol and fatty acid (FA) metabolism. miR-33 controls macrophage immunometabolic response and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, FA oxidation, and cholesterol efflux. Here, we show that miR-33 levels are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells isolated from patients with IPF compared with healthy controls. We demonstrate that specific genetic ablation of miR-33 in macrophages protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The absence of miR-33 in macrophages improves mitochondrial homeostasis and increases autophagy while decreasing inflammatory response after bleomycin injury. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of miR-33 in macrophages via administration of anti-miR-33 peptide nucleic acids (PNA-33) attenuates fibrosis in different in vivo and ex vivo mice and human models of pulmonary fibrosis. These studies elucidate a major role of miR-33 in macrophages in the regulation of pulmonary fibrosis and uncover a potentially novel therapeutic approach to treat this disease.