gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Choices without backtracking (1984)

Artificial Intelligence problem solvers are frequently confronted with the necessity to make choices among equally plausible alternatives. These may concern the choice of which goal to try lo achieve next, which priority to assign lo a task or which plausible inference to draw from incomplete data. Choices can be wrong: later problem solving may determine that an earlier choice was incorrect. In such cases most problem solvers invoke some form of backtracking lo undo the faulty choice, retract the inferences that were made from that choice and make some other choice. This paper discusses a method of dealing with choice that docs not involve any backtracking yet explores no more alternatives than the best backtracking schemes. It has an additional advantage over backtracking schemes that it is possible lo easily compare two alternative incompatible choices — this cannot be done in backtracking schemes because of their necessity of requiring a globally consistent set of assertions.
Glidar3DJ: a View-Invariant Gait Identification via Flash Lidar Data Correction (2019)

Gait recognition is a leading remote-based identification method, suitable for real-world surveillance and medical applications. Model-based gait recognition methods have been particularly recognized due to their scale and view-invariant properties. We present the first model-based gait recognition methodology, Glidar3DJ using a skeleton model extracted from sequences generated by a single flash lidar camera. Existing successful model-based approaches take advantage of high quality skeleton data collected by Kinect and Mocap, for example, are not practicable for applications outside the laboratory. The low resolution and noisy imaging process of lidar negatively affects the performance of state-of-the-art skeleton-based systems, generating a significant number of outlier skeletons. We propose a rule-based filtering mechanism that adopts robust statistics to correct for skeleton joint measurements. Quantitative measurements validate the efficacy of the proposed method in improving gait recognition.
Partial Mechanical Long-Term Support with the CircuLite® Synergy® Pump as Bridge-to-Transplant in Congestive Heart Failure (2010)

The CircuLite Synergy device is a partial support pump, which is easy to implant and which provides hemodynamic benefits in bridging heart failure patients to cardiac transplant.
Classification of ‘Streptomyces hyalinum’ Hamada and Yokoyama as Embleya hyalina sp. nov., the second species in the genus Embleya, and emendation of the genus Embleya (2020)

The 16S rRNA gene sequence of '<i>Streptomyces hyalinum</i>' NBRC 13850<sup>T</sup> shows 99.7 % similarity to that of <i>Embleya scabrispora</i> DSM 41855<sup>T</sup>; however, it shows <96.1 % similarity to any other type strains, including <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly suggests that '<i>S. hyalinum</i>' belongs to the genus <i>Embleya</i> rather than to <i>Streptomyces</i>. The strain possesses ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. The major menaquinone observed is MK-9(H<sub>6</sub>), and MK-9(H<sub>4</sub>) and MK-9(H<sub>8</sub>) are minor components. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. In this study, the whole genome of strain NBRC 13850<sup>T</sup> was sequenced, and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation between '<i>S. hyalinum</i>' NBRC 13850<sup>T</sup> and <i>E. scabrispora</i> DSM 41855<sup>T</sup> demonstrated 31.2 % of relatedness value between the two genomes. Morphological, chemotaxonomic, biochemical and physiological data also revealed that '<i>S. hyalinum</i>' can be easily differentiated from <i>E. scabrispora</i> (the only the valid species of the genus <i>Embleya</i>) and that it merits separate species status. This phenotypic and genetic evidence reveals that '<i>S. hyalinum</i>' represents a novel species of the genus <i>Embleya</i>; the name <i>Embleya hyalina</i> sp. nov. is proposed for this species. The type strain is NBRC 13850<sup>T</sup> (=ATCC 29817<sup>T</sup>=MB 891-A1<sup>T</sup>). We also emended the description of the genus <i>Embleya</i> considering the feature of <i>E. hyalina</i>.
The Amery Ice Shelf and its hinterland (1960)

During the thirty years since the Amery Ice Shelf was first sighted there has been a steady accumulation of information, first on the ice shelf itself and later on the interesting mountains and glacier systems which lie to its south. The ice shelf occupies the head of a large embayment consisting of Prydz Bay and Mackenzie Bay, which deeply indents the coastline of the Antarctic mainland near the borders of MacRobertson Land and Princess Elizabeth Land. An associated valley runs south from the bay, between the Prince Charles Mountains and the Mawson Escarpment, and it is occupied by one of the world's largest valley glaciers, the Lambert Glacier. (In fact, recent findings by Soviet parties suggest that the Lambert Glacier is considerably longer than the Beardmore Glacier.) The exploration, survey and subsequent mapping of the ice shelf, and the mountains and glaciers of its hinterland, by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in recent years has been a major contribution to Antarctic geography.
Extracellular Matrix in Synthetic Hydrogel‐Based Prostate Cancer Organoids Regulate Therapeutic Response to EZH2 and DRD2 Inhibitors (2021)

Following treatment with androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, ≈20% of prostate cancer patients progress by shedding their AR-dependence. These tumors undergo epigenetic reprogramming turning castration-resistant prostate cancer adenocarcinoma (CRPC-Adeno) into neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NEPC). No targeted therapies are available for CRPC-NEPCs, and there are minimal organoid models to discover new therapeutic targets against these aggressive tumors. Here, using a combination of patient tumor proteomics, RNA sequencing, spatial-omics, and a synthetic hydrogel-based organoid, putative extracellular matrix (ECM) cues that regulate the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic underpinnings of CRPC-NEPCs are defined. Short-term culture in tumor-expressed ECM differentially regulated DNA methylation and mobilized genes in CRPC-NEPCs. The ECM type distinctly regulates the response to small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic targets and Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2), the latter being an understudied target in neuroendocrine tumors. In vivo patient-derived xenograft in immunocompromised mice showed strong anti-tumor response when treated with a DRD2 inhibitor. Finally, we demonstrate that therapeutic response in CRPC-NEPCs under drug-resistant ECM conditions can be overcome by first cellular reprogramming with epigenetic inhibitors, followed by DRD2 treatment. The synthetic organoids suggest the regulatory role of ECM in therapeutic response to targeted therapies in CRPC-NEPCs and enable the discovery of therapies to overcome resistance.
Development of Novel Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering (2010)

Functional connective tissues have been developed using tissue engineering approach by seeding cells on biodegradable scaffolds such as polyglycolic acid (PGA). However, a major drawback of tissue engineering approaches that utilize synthetic polymers is the persistence of polymer remnants in engineered tissues at the end of culture. Such polymer fragments may significantly degrade tissue mechanics and stimulate local inflammatory responses in vivo. In this study, several polymeric materials with a range of degradation profiles were developed and evaluated for their potential applications in construction of collagen matrix-rich tissues, particularly tissue-engineered blood vessels. The degradation characteristics of these polymers were compared as were their characteristics vis-à-vis cell adhesion and proliferation, collagen synthesis, and ability to support growth of engineered vessels. Under aqueous conditions at 37°C, Polymer I (comprising 84% glycolide and 16% trimethylene carbonate [TMC]) had a similar degradation profile to PGA, Polymer II (comprising 84% glycolide, 14% TMC, and 2% polyethylene succinate) degradedly more slowly, but Polymer III (comprising 87% glycolide, 7% TMC, and 6% polyethylene glycol) had a more extensive degradation as compared to PGA. All polymers supported cell proliferation, but Polymer III improved collagen production and engineered vessel mechanics as compared with PGA. In addition, more slowly degrading polymers were associated with poorer final vessel mechanics. These results suggest that polymers that degrade more quickly during tissue culture actually result in improved engineered tissue mechanics, by virtue of decreased disruption of collagenous extracellular matrix.
ac-Induced voltages in superconducting wires (1965)

The purpose of this work is to attempt an explanation of the energy loss in superconducting wires carrying varying current in terms of some theoretical model. In particular the model developed independently by Bean and by H. London (and henceforth referred to as the Bean model, since he published it first) is applied to predict voltages induced in a wire carrying alternating current. Bean's model, which prescribes the distribution of current in a sample as a function of present conditions and history, has been applied by other experimenters to accurately forecast the magnetization behavior of various non-ideal Type II superconductors. A basic premiss of the model is that the magnitude of the current density J is determined only by the magnitude of the local magnetic induction B. We have taken J(B) to be of the form deduced by Kim from magnetization measurements: We have also assumed that the depth of current penetration is much less than the wire's radius. Relations for voltage as a function of current are derived for ac and ac superimposed dc. Theoretical V vs. I curves are found to agree fairly well with oscilloscope tracings obtained for a defectsaturated Nb wire. Before each observation a canceling coil was set to make the measured voltage V= 0 for small alternating currents. We assume that these small currents are confined to the wire's surface, so that B 0 within the wire. If this is correct, then for large ac amplitude where wire is the flux contained within the material of the wire. The relation V has been assumed for the theoretical derivations.
Umitation: Retargeting UI Behavior Examples for Website Design (2021)

Interface designers often refer to UI behavior examples found in the wild (e.g., commercial websites) for reference or design inspiration. While past research has looked at retargeting interface and webpage design, limited work has explored the challenges in retargeting interactive visual behaviors. We introduce Umitation, a system that helps designers extract, edit, and adapt example front-end UI behaviors to target websites. Umitation can also help designers specify the desired behaviors and reconcile their intended interaction details with their existing UI. In a qualitative evaluation, we found evidence that Umitation helps participants extract and retarget dynamic front-end UI behavior examples quickly and expressively.
Performance study of an input queueing packet switch with two priority classes (1991)

An N*N nonblocking packet switch with input queues and two priority classes that can be used to support traffic with different requirements is described. The switch operation is slotted and, at each time slot, fixed-size packets arrive at the inputs with distinct Bernoulli distributions for both the high- and low-priority classes. Two policies are discussed. In the first policy, packets of both priority classes are queued when waiting for service. In the second policy, only low-priority packets are queued, and high-priority packets not delivered at the first attempt are dropped from the system. Under both policies, high-priority packets prevail over low-priority packets at the inputs as well as the outputs. An approximate analysis that is based on independence assumptions and uses an equivalent queueing system to estimate the service capability seen be each input is presented. Using this approach, an expression for the input queue length distribution is obtained. The maximum system throughput is derived and shown to exceed that of a single priority switch. Numerical results are compared to simulations and are found to agree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modelling of nonlinear circular plates using modal analysis: simulation and model validation (2006)

A method for simulating the large-displacement actuation of deformable micro-structures is proposed and illustrated in the case of a circular axisymmetric plate. First of all the problem is formulated and its boundary conditions are expressed as functions of the two unknowns, displacements and the Airy stress function. The problem is then split into two parts, each part corresponding to one equation of Von Karman, to which the techniques of modal analysis are applied in order to obtain a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The implementation of the resulting high-level model is then discussed and some simulation results are given, as a basis for comparison.
Synthesis of Zeolite MCM-22 Using N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-Hexamethyl-1,5-pentanediaminium and Alkali Metal Cations as Structure-directing Agents (2003)

Abstract A novel synthesis route to the high-silica zeolite MCM-22, which includes the combined use of a flexible, linear diquaternary ion N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethyl-1,5-pentanediaminium and Na+ or K+, is described. Unlike the previously known organic structure-directing agents leading to the crystallization of MCM-22 and related materials, the organic additive used here was found to locate inside both the 12-ring supercages and the sinusoidal 10-ring channels of MWW topology.
The Spin on Electronics! (2006)

Recent advances in generating, manipulating and detecting spin-polarized electrons promise entirely new classes of spin-based sensor, memory and logical devices, generally referred to as the field of spintronics. These advances are based on recent fundamental discoveries involving spin-polarized current in novel nano-materials, including giant tunnelling magnetoresistance, the spin Hall effect and the excitation of magnetization via the transfer of spin angular momentum from spin-polarized current. The papers in this volume are based on a Discussion Meeting held at the Royal Society, London on 28 and 29 September 2009 and aim to provide an overview of the major advances in the field.
Novel Converter for Voltage Balance in Series-Connected Capacitors and Batteries (2018)

Abstract This paper presents a novel concept of a circuit for voltage balance of three series-connected capacitors or batteries, as well as the research results. The problem is related to the control of voltage sharing on series capacitors, supercapacitors or battery banks in energy storage systems or direct current (DC)-link of four-level neutral-point-clamped inverters. The proposed circuit is a switched-capacitor (SC) resonant converter composed of a single capacitor and seven transistor switches. Control of the converter makes it possible to transfer energy between any capacitors, by switching selected transistors. This paper presents the basic concept of the converter, an analysis of control strategies and the simulation results for various cases of voltage balancing.
A genome-wide copy number association study of osteoporotic fractures points to the 6p25.1 locus (2013)

These results suggest that deletions in the 6p25.1 locus may predispose to higher risk of fracture in a subset of populations of European origin; larger and geographically restricted studies will be needed to confirm this regional association. This is a first step towards the evaluation of the role of rare CNVs in osteoporosis.
One-Pot Synthesis of Magnesium Aminoclay-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites for Improved Photocatalytic Performance (2018)

TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with their excellent photocatalytic performance are among the hottest research subjects for environmental-cleanup applications. In the present work, we developed a method of one-pot synthesis of magnesium aminoclay-titanium dioxide [MgAC-TiO2] nanocomposites in ethanol solution and then treated the obtained nanocomposites in a 350 °C muffle furnace for 3 hours. The obtained X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the growth of the anatase TiO2 NPs in the amorphous MgAC phase. In the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological observation, the MgAC-TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited an aggregate form of 246.59 ± 54.20 nm diameter. The synthesis condition entailing loading of 0.3 g MgAC and 5 mL titanium butoxide (TB) (denoted as MgAC [0.3 g]-TiO2 in 40 mL ethanol solution displayed the largest BET surface area, 234.91 m2/g, as well as the largest pore size and pore volume, 6.7131 nm and 0.3942 cm3/g, respectively. Also, MgAC [0.3 g]-TiO2 showed the best photocatalytic performance for methylene blue (MB) on the batch scale under 365 nm wavelength irradiation: a degradation constant rate of 0.0293 min-1, which was ~20-times-better photocatalytic activity than commercial P25. On the pilot scale (100 L), the MgAC [0.3 g]-TiO2 nanocomposite took only ~12 hours to degrade almost MB at 10 ppm concentration. The mechanism of this high photocatalytic activity was determined to be the high rate of adsorption of both MgAC and oxygen vacancies in the anatase phase coupled with the retardation of the rate of recombination of electrons and holes in the TiO2 NPs, the latter proved by photoluminescent quenching tests.
Persisting posttransplantation cytomegalovirus antigenemia correlates with poor lymphocyte proliferation to cytomegalovirus antigen and predicts for increased late relapse and treatment failure (2004)

Numerous clinical studies link cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with incomplete posttransplantation T-cell recovery. We hypothesized that the inability of transplant recipients to handle CMV reactivation might correlate with a defective graft-versus-leukemia response and increased posttransplantation morbidity. Between May 1995 and August 2001, 82 patients who were CMV seropositive and survived the first 100 days after transplantation were identified for a day 100 landmark analysis of the effect of CMV reactivation patterns on eventual transplantation outcome. All patients underwent a myeloablative HLA-identical sibling donor T cell-depleted stem cell transplantation with scheduled donor T-cell add-back on day 45. Median follow-up was 1032 days. Forty-two patients who had either no reactivation or only 1 positive test with quick clearance were designated as a CMV immune competent group. Forty patients designated as CMV immune deficient (ID) had at least 2 positive tests. Apart from younger age (33 versus 38 years; P =.05) in the ID group, the 2 groups were balanced for clinical characteristics. In multivariate analysis, ID patients had a significantly higher incidence of leukemia relapse (58% versus 21%; P =.03) and worse disease-free survival (31% versus 66%; P =.04). There was no significant difference in week 1 to 14 posttransplantation lymphocyte counts between the 2 groups. In 67 patients tested 3 to 6 months after transplantation, a proliferative response to CMV antigen (stimulation index > or =2) occurred in 27 of 36 immune competent patients compared with 15 of 31 ID patients (P =.006). These results show that recurrent CMV reactivation in the first 100 days after transplantation predicts for reduced disease-free survival and increased leukemic relapse beyond 100 days and correlates with inferior proliferative responses to CMV. The higher relapse rate may reflect poor immune reconstitution in ID patients or an adverse effect of prolonged antiviral treatment.
Using local band structure to image strain in semiconductor microstructures (2005)

We demonstrate that polarization-specific nonlinear optical spectroscopy combined with an accurate band structure model can be used to provide a noncontact image of the strain fields within a micromachined quantum well. Optical measurements of the heavy hole excitonic transition strength and anisotropy are converted into measurements of the in-plane strain components with an 8-band k∙p model that includes deformation potentials. The resulting two-dimensional strain image is in excellent agreement with a finite-element structural model of the microstructure, demonstrating the validity of this technique.
Proteome‐Scale Drug‐Target Interaction Predictions: Approaches and Applications (2021)

Drug-Target interaction predictions are an important cornerstone of computer-aided drug discovery. While predictive methods around individual targets have a long history, the application of proteome-scale models is relatively recent. In this overview, we will provide the context required to understand advances in this emerging field within computational drug discovery, evaluate emerging technologies for suitability to given tasks, and provide guidelines for the design and implementation of new drug-target interaction prediction models. We will discuss the validation approaches used, and propose a set of key criteria that should be applied to evaluate their validity. We note that we find widespread deficiencies in the existing literature, making it difficult to judge the practical effectiveness of some of the techniques proposed from their publications alone. We hope that this review may help remedy this situation and increase awareness of several sources of bias that may enter into commonly used cross-validation methods. © 2021 Cyclica Inc. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Controlling the Remixing of Separated Dialogue with a Non-Intrusive Quality Estimate (2021)

Remixing separated audio sources trades off interferer attenuation against the amount of audible deteriorations. This paper proposes a non-intrusive audio quality estimation method for controlling this trade-off in a signal-adaptive manner. The recently proposed 2f-model is adopted as the underlying quality measure, since it has been shown to correlate strongly with basic audio quality in source separation. An alternative operation mode of the measure is proposed, more appropriate when considering material with long inactive periods of the target source. The 2f-model requires the reference target source as an input, but this is not available in many applications. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained to estimate the 2f-model intrusively using the reference target (iDNN2f), non-intrusively using the input mix as reference (nDNN2f), and reference-free using only the separated output signal (rDNN2f). It is shown that iDNN2f achieves very strong correlation with the original measure on the test data (Pearson r=0.99), while performance decreases for nDNN2f (r&gt;=0.91) and rDNN2f (r&gt;=0.82). The non-intrusive estimate nDNN2f is mapped to select item-dependent remixing gains with the aim of maximizing the interferer attenuation under a constraint on the minimum quality of the remixed output (e.g., audible but not annoying deteriorations). A listening test shows that this is successfully achieved even with very different selected gains (up to 23 dB difference).