gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of hypertonic sodium chloride injection on body water distribution in Ducks ... Gulls ... and roosters. (2011)

Isotope and dye estimates were made of body fluid compartment sizes in White Leghorn roosters, Glaucous-winged gulls, and in groups of Pekin ducks which were raised on either fresh water or regimes of hypertonic NaCl solution. The gulls and both groups of ducks were observed to have plasma (T-1824 dye) and total body water (H₂³O) volumes larger than thoseof the roosters, whereas the reverse was true for Br⁸² space (extracellular fluid; ECF) measurements. Salt fed ducks showed smaller, but insignificantly different compartment sizes (% body weights) when compared to fresh water raised ducks. The effects of an intravenous injection of hypertonic NaCl on the distribution of body water were compared among birds which differed in their capacity for renal and extra-renal salt elimination. In those birds (gulls, salt water ducks, and fresh water ducks with functional salt glands) which exhibited extra-renal salt secretion, the increase in ECF was significantly greater in response to the intravenous injection of hypertonic NaCl than in those birds (roosters and non-secreting fresh water ducks) which did not utilize the salt glands. The relative amounts and concentrations of the salt load removed by renal and extra-renal routes of elimination were compared. Birds with actively secreting nasal glands voided a major equivalent of the injected NaCl as solutions hypertonic to plasma NaCl levels. Renally eliminated NaCl represented a much smaller portion of the load and was in all cases hypo- or isotonic with plasma ion levels. Isotopically labelled Na²² CI administered concomitantly with the salt load in several of the test birds revealed that a large portion of the labelled sodium chloride was removed by the nasal glands and kidneys before there was equilibration of the injected load with extravascular compartments. A preliminary report is made on the composition and possible source of an excess eye secretion observed in the rearing of saline fed Pekin ducks. The enlarged Harderian glands of these birds were implicated as the source of a fluid several fold hyperkalemic to plasma ion concentrations. The secreted fluid was observed to accumulate and encrust the feathers below the inner canthus of the eye.
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma (2019)

BET-bromodomain inhibition (BETi) has shown pre-clinical promise for MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. However, the mechanisms for its action, and ultimately for resistance, have not been fully defined. Here, using a combination of expression profiling, genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of function and ORF/cDNA driven rescue screens, and cell-based models of spontaneous resistance, we identify bHLH/homeobox transcription factors and cell-cycle regulators as key genes mediating BETi's response and resistance. Cells that acquire drug tolerance exhibit a more neuronally differentiated cell-state and expression of lineage-specific bHLH/homeobox transcription factors. However, they do not terminally differentiate, maintain expression of CCND2, and continue to cycle through S-phase. Moreover, CDK4/CDK6 inhibition delays acquisition of resistance. Therefore, our data provide insights about the mechanisms underlying BETi effects and the appearance of resistance and support the therapeutic use of combined cell-cycle inhibitors with BETi in MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity results from, but may not be critical for, primary allograft rejection (1996)

Tumor cells insensitive to lysis through the Fas and TNF pathways were injected either subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavities of allogeneic perforin-less (P0) and perforin wild-type (P2) mice. In three of four cases, the tumors were rejected equally rapidly in both strains of mice. Rejection was accompanied by vigorous in vitro cytotoxicity in P2, but not in P0 mice. The rapid clearance of allografted cells in mice where all three known cytolytic pathways are seriously compromised raises important questions about the involvement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, as defined by current assay techniques, in primary allograft rejection.
Measurement of the $$ t\overline{t} $$ production cross-section in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract The inclusive top-quark pair ( $$ t\overline{t} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> ) production cross-section $$ {\sigma}_{t\overline{t}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV, using 257 pb − 1 of data collected in 2017 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The $$ t\overline{t} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> cross-section is measured in both the dilepton and single-lepton final states of the $$ t\overline{t} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> system and then combined. The combination of the two measurements yields $$ {\sigma}_{t\overline{t}}=67.5\pm 0.9\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 2.3\left(\textrm{syst}.\right)\pm 1.1\left(\textrm{lumi}.\right)\pm 0.2\left(\textrm{beam}\right)\textrm{pb}, $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>67.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>stat</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.3</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>syst</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.1</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>lumi</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mtext>beam</mml:mtext> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>pb</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> where the four uncertainties reflect the limited size of the data sample, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, and imperfect knowledge of both the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total uncertainty of 3.9%. The result is in agreement with theoretical quantum chromodynamic calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, including the resummation of next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic soft-gluon terms, and constrains the parton distribution functions of the proton at large Bjorken- x .
Global Stiffness of a SMC Panel Considering Process Induced Fiber Orientation (2004)

A material model, that translates into a stiffness matrix, the second order fiber orientation tensor, described by Advani and Tucker, and the stiffness matrix of a composite with aligned ellipsoidal inclusions, has been implemented in a FE programme and validated. The stiffness of a SMC panel with known state of fiber orientation is calculated using FEM. The influence of process induced fiber orientation is analysed. The fiber orientation for a realistic charge pattern for the panel has been obtained through mould filling simulation in a separate project. It is found that the fiber orientation has a rather small impact on the global stiffness. Only 0.8% lower stiffness compared to isotropic material model is obtained taking into account the fiber orientation distribution. The main reason for the low impact of the process induced fiber orientation is that the charge is symmetrically placed in the mould leading to a symmetric fiber orientation distribution.
Ebola Virus Infection Induces HCAR2 Expression Leading to Cell Death (2023)

Ebola virus (EBOV) induces cell death not only in infected permissive cells but also in nonpermissive, bystander cells by employing different mechanisms. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) has been reported to be involved in apoptotic cell death. We previously reported an increase in the expression of HCAR2-specific mRNA in EBOV-infected individuals with fatal outcomes. Here, we report that infection with an EBOV lacking the VP30 gene (EBOVΔVP30) results in the upregulation of HCAR2 mRNA expression in human hepatocyte Huh7.0 cells stably expressing VP30. Transient overexpression of HCAR2 reduced the viability of Huh7.0 cells and human embryonic kidney cells. Phosphatidylserine externalization and cell membrane permeabilization by HCAR2 overexpression was also observed. Interestingly, coexpression of HCAR2 with EBOV VP40 further reduced cell viability in transfected cells compared to HCAR2 coexpression with other viral proteins. Our data suggest that HCAR2 may contribute to EBOV-induced cell death.
Ferromagnetic, transparent and conducting ITO-Fe-cluster composite films (2005)

Indium-tin oxide (ITO)-Fe-cluster composite films were fabricated by plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster beam deposition and RF helicon sputtering method, and the structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the films were investigated. The optical transmittance of about 90% is obtained for the Fe cluster layer thickness of 10 nm although it is decreased with increasing the cluster layer thickness. The resistivity is further decreased by embedding metalic Fe clusters into ITO matrix and a resistivity value of about an order of 10/sup -4//spl Omega/ cm was obtained. Moreover, the ITO-Fe cluster composite films show ferromagnetism at room temperature even for a cluster layer thickness of 10 nm.
Review of process for producing corn fiber oil and ethanol from "Quick Fiber". (2005)

Approximately 10% of the 10 billion bushels of corn harvested in the U.S. is used for fuel ethanol production (2003; Renewable Fuel Association), more than half of which is prepared for fermentation by dry grinding the whole kernel. University of Illinois has developed a modified dry grind process that allows for recovery of the germ and pericarp fractions prior to fermentation. The process could potentially generate an additional 5-7 cents of income per gallon ethanol produced from enhanced fermentation efficiency and from recovering the corn oil. This process also allows for the possibility of converting the fractionated pericarp, termed quick fiber, to ethanol. This review summarizes results reported earlier (1) on the feasibility of using Quick Fiber (QF) as an ethanol feedstock. QF was converted to ethanol using an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR5. For the S. cerevisiae fermentation, the ethanol yield was 0.096 gal/bu of processed corn assuming a QF yield of 3.04 lb/bu. For the bacterial fermentation, the final ethanol concentration was 30 g/l or 85% of the theoretical yield. The residuals from the fermentations were also evaluated as a source of corn fiber oil. Corn fiber oil, which is extracted from the pericarp fiber fraction, is a nutraceutical being developed by the ARS that has cholesterol lowering properties. Corn fiber oil yields were 1.12% w/w for the residual material from the SSF process. For the FBR5 fermentations, the residual fiber was recovered after hydrolysis and prior to fermentation. The corn fiber oil yield in this case was 8.28% w/w.
Functional Integration of Catalysts with Si Nanowire Photocathodes for Efficient Utilization of Photogenerated Charge Carriers (2021)

Low-cost catalysts with high activity and durability are necessary to achieve efficient large-scale energy conversion in photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) systems. An additional factor that governs the construction of photoelectrodes for PECs is the spatial control of the catalysts for efficient utilization of photogenerated charge carriers. Here, we demonstrate spatial decoupling of the light-absorbing and catalytic components in hierarchically structured Si-based photocathodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By simply modifying a well-known metal-assisted chemical etching procedure, we fabricated a Si nanowire (NW) array-based photocathode with Ag-Pt catalysts at the base and small amounts of the Pt catalyst at the NW tips. This approach simultaneously mitigates the parasitic light absorption by the catalytic layers and recombination of charge carriers owing to the long transport distance, resulting in improved photoelectrochemical HER performance under simulated AM 1.5G illumination.
Percutaneous Catheter Thrombectomy Device for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: In Vitro and in Vivo Testing (2005)

The PE thrombectomy device was highly effective, facilitating rapid reversal of cardiogenic shock without device-related complications.
SAT-041 Bioinformatic Analysis of Human Cutaneous Melanomas Identifies Increased Mortality and Genetic Alterations in GH-responsive Tumors (2019)

The impact of growth hormone (GH) on systemic glucose, growth and the myriad of downstream targets indicate the potential to enhance the progression of cancers. There is, however, continued debate as to GH’s impact on cancer with varied effects across subjects and cancer types. To bridge this gap in fundamental understanding, 16 human cancer types were selected and the RNA expression data for all matching samples (primary or metastatic) were queried in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Each cancer type was stratified into GH-responsive [GH receptor (R) expression in the top quartile of each cancer type] and baseline (the remaining 75% of samples). Patients with GH-responsive cutaneous melanomas had a significant reduction in post-diagnosis lifespan (log-rank test, P = 0.0073). To explore the deleterious effects of GH in melanoma progression, we developed a novel tool, gdc-file-matcher (https://github.com/pxslip/gdc-file-matcher), to extract dataset metadata. Using the extensive metadata available in TCGA, we identified a significant negative correlation (Pr(>|t|) = 0.021) between GHR expression and post-diagnosis lifespan in male melanoma patients who died within 1 year of diagnosis that drove the reduction in lifespan. The same trend, though not significant, was also observed in female melanoma patients. To validate the stratification approach, differential expression profiles were generated using a generalized linear model in EdgeR. The expression profiles were validated against expression levels of adiponectin, multiple ABC transporters, and metastatic markers in implanted B16-F10 melanomas in wild-type C57BL6J mice and transgenic bGH mice. The expression profiles of the implanted in vivo melanoma samples validated the stratification approach as indicative of GH action in human melanomas. To understand the molecular mechanisms resulting in increased mortality rates of GH-responsive tumors, the differentially expressed genes were investigated. The gene expression profiles showed clear evidence for a greater metastatic potential in GH-responsive tumors. In addition, upregulated genes showed an increased potential for angiogenesis and drug resistance along with a downregulation of DNA repair genes, P53 signaling cascades and other protective pathways. Thus, we demonstrate induced melanomas in the C57BL6J background are a reliable mouse model for translational research in GH-related cancer and are likely able to be expanded as a model for additional melanoma therapy research. Most critically, the survival and gene expression data from this in vivo validated informatic analysis demonstrate a clear role for Pegvisomant or alternate forms of GH modulation in the treatment of GH-responsive melanomas.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Nocardicyclins by Clinical Isolates of Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis and in vivo Antitumor Activity of the Antibiotic. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phonon-phonon interactions in liquid helium (1977)

This is a short review of recent experimental and theoretical studies of phonon interactions in superfluid helium. Phonon-phonon scattering in helium is strongly influenced by the conservation laws and by the peculiarities of the phonon dispersion relation. Theory predicts that because of these factors the spontaneous decay rate varies dramatically with phonon energy, and experiments have confirmed this prediction. The conservation laws can also be used to show that phonon-phonon collisions are predominatly small-angle scattering. We discuss the influence of this special property of phonon collisions on the hydrodynamics of the phonon gas, and we consider the solutions of the hydrodynamic equations in several situations of experimental interest.
Disruption of mptpB impairs the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive in guinea pigs (2003)

Protein tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases from several bacterial pathogens have been shown to act as virulence factors by modulating the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of host proteins. The identification and characterization of two tyrosine phosphatases namely MptpA and MptpB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been reported earlier. MptpB is secreted by M. tuberculosis into extracellular mileu and exhibits a pH optimum of 5.6, similar to the pH of the lysosomal compartment of the cell. To determine the role of MptpB in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, we constructed a mptpB mutant strain by homologous recombination and compared the ability of parent and the mutant strain to survive intracellularly. We show that disruption of the mptpB gene impairs the ability of the mutant strain to survive in activated macrophages and guinea pigs but not in resting macrophages suggesting the importance of its role in the host-pathogen interaction. Infection of guinea pigs with the mutant strain resulted in a 70-fold reduction in the bacillary load of spleens in infected animals as compared with the bacillary load in animals infected with the parental strain. Upon reintroduction of the mptpB gene into the mutant strain, the complemented strain was able to establish infection and survive in guinea pigs at rates comparable to the parental strain. These observations demonstrate a role of MptpB in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis.
Stability study on an anti-cancer drug 4-(3,5-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (CLEFMA) using a stability-indicating HPLC method (2016)

CLEFMA, 4-(3,5-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid, is a new chemical entity with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we report its stability in solution against stress conditions of exposure to acid/base, light, oxidant, high temperature, and plasma. The identity of the degradation products was ascertained by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To facilitate this study, we developed and validated a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for detection of CLEFMA and its degradation. The method was linear over a range of 1-100 µg/mL; the accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits; it was stability-indicating as it successfully separated <i>cis-/trans-</i>isomers of CLEFMA as well as its degradation product. The major degradation product was produced from amide hydrolysis at maleic acid functionality caused by an acidic buffer, oxidant (3% hydrogen peroxide), or temperature stress (40-60 °C). The log <i>k</i>-pH profile showed that CLEFMA was most stable at neutral pH. In accelerated stability study we found that the shelf-life (<i>T</i><sub><i>90%</i></sub> ) of CLEFMA at 25 °C and 4 °C was 45 days and 220 days, respectively. Upon exposure to UV-light (365 nm), the normally prevalent <i>trans-</i>CLEFMA attained <i>cis-</i>configuration. This isomerization also involved the maleic acid moiety. CLEFMA was stable in plasma from which it could be efficiently extracted by an acetonitrile precipitation method. These results indicate that CLEFMA is sensitive to hydrolytic cleavage at its maleic acid moiety, and it is recommended that its samples should be stored under refrigerated and light-free conditions, and under inert environment.
Application of the Cyanurate-Isocyanurate Rearrangement to Amine Synthesis: Preparation of 2-(2-Thienyl)ethylamine (1993)

Abstract This communication describes a new method for preparation of 2-(2-thienyl)ethylamine, an important pharmaceutical intermediate. The method is based on the O-to-N migration of an alkyl group via cyanurate-isocyanurate rearrangement.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-5, Tables 1-3 from Functional Characterization of an Isoform-Selective Inhibitor of PI3K-p110β as a Potential Anticancer Agent (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1MB&lt;/p&gt;
Reducing Soft Errors through Operand Width Aware Policies (2008)

Soft errors are an important challenge in contemporary microprocessors. Particle hits on the components of a processor are expected to create an increasing number of transient errors with each new microprocessor generation. In this paper, we propose simple mechanisms that effectively reduce the vulnerability to soft errors in a processor. Our designs are generally motivated by the fact that many of the produced and consumed values in the processors are narrow and their upper order bits are meaningless. Soft errors caused by any particle strike to these higher order bits can be avoided by simply identifying these narrow values. Alternatively, soft errors can be detected or corrected on the narrow values by replicating the vulnerable portion of the value inside the storage space provided for the upper order bits of these operands. As a faster but less fault tolerant alternative to ECC and parity, we offer a variety of schemes that make use of narrow values and analyze their efficiency in reducing soft error vulnerability of different data-holding components of a processor. On average, techniques that make use of the narrowness of the values can provide 49 percent error detection, 45 percent error correction, or 27 percent error avoidance coverage for single bit upsets in the first level data cache across all Spec2K. In other structures such as the immediate field of the issue queue, an average error detection rate of 64 percent is achieved.