gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transdimensional epsilon-near-zero modes in planar plasmonic nanostructures (2020)

Plasmonic transdimensional materials offer advances such as thickness-controlled light-matter coupling and novel space-time symmetry breaking phenomena to further develop the fields of nanophotonics and optical metasurfaces. Much is unclear though about their optical response and quantum near-field effects. We use quantum electrodynamics and a confinement-induced nonlocal dielectric response model to study the epsilon-near-zero modes of metallic films in the transdimensional regime. New remarkable effects are revealed such as the plasmon mode degeneracy lifting and the dipole emitter coupling to the split epsilon-near-zero modes, leading to thickness-controlled dipolar spontaneous emission with up to three-orders-of-magnitude increased rates.
Coxsackievirus B3‐Induced Chronic Myocarditis in Mouse: Use of Whole Blood Culture to Study the Activation of TNFα‐Producing Cells (1996)

The pathogenesis of CVB3-induced chronic myocarditis remains unknown. Activated monocytes and macrophages may maintain ongoing inflammation during a persistent CVB3 infection and possibly represent the major mechanism leading to chronic myocarditis. We decided to study the activation status of cells by studying TNF alpha secretion in vitro using whole blood culture in CVB3-induced murine chronic myocarditis. Seven DBA/2 +/+ mice and 18 NMRI nu/nu mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5x10(5) pfu of CVB3, and mice were mock-infected. Thirty-one days post-infection, all mice were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained from the heart, and the heart was removed. Enteroviral genomic detection by RT-PCR, virus isolation and histological analysis of heart samples were performed. Heparinized whole blood (25 microliters) was cultured for 4 hr and 24 hr in sterile 96 well-plate containing 225 microliters RPMI in the presence or the absence of activators (LPS + PHA). The TNF alpha levels in the whole blood from mock-infected DBA/2 (n = 4) and NMRI nu/nu mice (n = 5) were not different. A moderate increase of TNF alpha was observed in three out of five DBA/2 mice with negative CVB3 that had no histological abnormalities in myocardium. An increased level of TNF alpha was found in the sole DBA/2 mouse with positive CVB3 detection and chronic myocarditis. An increased level of TNF alpha was found in one out of nine NMRI nu/nu mice with positive CVB3 detection and chronic myocarditis and in one out of seven mice with positive CVB3 detection exempt of lesions in myocardium. In other infected mice, the level of TNF alpha was normal. Enteroviral genome was not detected in the blood from infected mice at 31 days post-infection. The increased TNF alpha level in some mice may be designed for a beneficial inflammatory and immune response, however, an exaggerated release may be associated with an adverse effect. The normal TNF alpha level in whole blood cultures from mice with chronic myocarditis does not exclude enhanced cytokine production at infected loci such as myocardial tissue. This is the first report to use whole blood cultures to study the production of cytokines in virus-induced disease in a small animal model.
Channel Estimation with Simultaneous Reflecting and Sensing Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurfaces (2022)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to play a key role in future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. They are usually considered as nearly passive planar structures that operate as adjustable reflectors, giving rise to a multitude of implementation challenges, including an inherent difficulty in estimating the underlying wireless channels. In this paper, we propose the concept of Hybrid RISs (HRISs), which do not solely reflect the impinging waveform in a controllable fashion, but are also capable of sensing and processing a portion of it via some active reception elements. We first present implementation details for this novel metasurface architecture and propose a simple model for its operation, when considered for wireless communications. As an indicative application of HRISs, we formulate and solve the individual channels identification problem for the uplink of multi-user HRIS-empowered systems. Our numerical results showcase that, in the high signal-to-noise regime, HRISs enable individual channel estimation with notably reduced amounts of pilots, compared to those needed when using a purely reflective RIS that can only estimate the cascaded channel.
Revealing properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes under high pressure (2002)

It was found by the x-ray diffraction experiment under hydrostatic pressure that the carbon nanotubes are compressed easily with a high volume compressibility of 0.024 GPa−1. The single-walled carbon nanotubes are polygonized when they form bundles of hexagonal close-packed structure and the inter-tubular gap is smaller than the equilibrium spacing of graphite. Under high pressure, further polygonization occurs to accommodate the extra amount of volume reduction. The ratio of the short and the long diagonals in the hexagonalized cross section is found to have changed from 0.991 at zero pressure to 0.982 at 1.5 GPa pressure, when the Bragg reflection from the nanotube lattice diminished. Accompanying polygonization, a discontinuous change in electrical resistivity was observed at 1.5 GPa pressure, suggesting a phase transition had occurred.
High Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics (2019)

We demonstrate a technique to improve the purity of semiconducting component extracted from single walled carbon nanotube (CNT) suspension by “Electric-field inducing Layer Formation (ELF)”. Separation efficiency of ELF method strongly depends on the Zeta potential of pristine CNT suspension. We succeeded to extract the semiconducting CNTs of above 98% from the annealed CNT suspension, which had a Zeta potential in the vicinity of −10 mV. This highly purified semiconducting CNTs were used to fabricate the thin film transistor by printed process on the plastic substrate. The fabricated devices had excellent transport properties with an on/off current ratio of 1.3 × 105, and a field-effective mobility of 4.7 cm2V–1s–1. This extraction technique enables the expansion of CNT application to printed electronics.
Continuous supercritical decrosslinking extrusion process for recycling of crosslinked polyethylene waste (2014)

ABSTRACT This work demonstrates that extrusion process can be used as a continuous reactor for the recycling of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) via supercritical methanol decrosslinking reaction. The multistage single screw extruder ( L / D = 36, D = 40 mm) with methanol injection pump was customized for the continuous supercritical decrosslinking reaction. Reaction temperature was ranged from 360°C to 390°C. The amount of methanol was varied from 0 to 7 mL/min. The extruder provided the crosslinked polymers with the supercritical conditions of methanol during continuous process. The gel content of XLPE decreased with the increase in the reaction temperature and methanol content. Although XLPE experienced supercritical methanol for less than 2 min retention time in the continuous supercritical extruder, it was completely decrosslinked above 390°C at the methanol feeding rate of 7 mL/min. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41442.
Atomic beam splitters with achromatic transverse-momentum transfer (1996)

We present a generalized excitation scheme and achromatic geometries for coherent diffraction of three-level atoms from a nonmagnetic, blazed phase grating. The phase grating is formed by differentially detuned standing waves with a relative spatial phase shift of π/2 and can be realized for transitions other than J = 0/1 → J = 1. The use of the differential detuning to create the phase grating allows for geometries in which the longitudinal atomic motion is coupled to the diffraction process. We describe a geometry that yields two regimes of beam splitting in which all longitudinal atomic velocities receive the same momentum transfer from the phase grating. We propose to call this type of beam splitter achromatic.
QUANTIFICATION OF PEDESTRIAN FLOW PARAMETERS ALONG CROSSWALKS (1996)

This paper presents a study to quantify pedestrian parameters along a busy crosswalk by using a commercial videoimage processing system. Such quantification can be used to improve traffic signal timing and operations of heavily crossed street intersections. A surveillance system is developed based on a wireless communication link between a videocamera installed at a pedestrian crossing and a monitoring lab. Pedestrian flow parameters are computed in real time. The performance of the commercial monitoring device is assessed by comparing the results to manual inspection.
An $L_1$-Method for the Design of Linear-Phase FIR Digital Filters (2007)

This paper considers the design of linear-phase finite impulse response digital filters using an L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> optimality criterion. The motivation for using such filters as well as a mathematical framework for their design is introduced. It is shown that L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> filters possess flat passbands and stopbands while keeping the transition band comparable to that of least-squares filters. The uniqueness of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -based filters is explored, and an alternation type theorem for the optimal frequency response is derived. An efficient algorithm for calculating the optimal filter coefficients is proposed, which may be viewed as the analogue of the celebrated Remez exchange method. A comparison with other design techniques is made, demonstrating that the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> approach may be a good alternative in several applications.
Altered patterns of transcription of the septin gene, SEPT9, in ovarian tumorigenesis (2005)

Ovarian carcinoma represents the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. A variety of morphological subtypes are recognised (e.g. serous, mucinous, endometrioid), which may be benign, borderline or malignant. While their relationship is controversial, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ovarian tumorigenesis may help resolve this issue and perhaps identify early markers of disease. Perturbed patterns of expression of the SEPT9 gene on chromosome 17q25.3 have been implicated in a variety of tumour types including both breast and ovarian neoplasia. In preliminary studies, we showed that SEPT9 mRNA was upregulated in a bank of ovarian tumours, which included benign, borderline and malignant tumours, and reported increased levels of one splice variant, SEPT9_v4*. We now describe a comprehensive analysis of SEPT9 expression specifically in serous and mucinous ovarian tumours (benign, borderline and malignant), using cDNA microarray, semi- and quantitative RTPCR of microdissected archival tumour material. Our data show consistent and specific overexpression of both SEPT9_v1 and SEPT9_v4* transcripts in the epithelial component of ovarian tumours. These transcripts show highest levels of expression in serous and mucinous borderline tumours. SEPT9_v1 is also upregulated in both serous and mucinous carcinomas. Interestingly, highest levels of expression are observed in serous borderline and low-grade tumours rather than high-grade in keeping with a model of progression of benign, borderline and low-grade serous tumours.
<title>Chip-level line-width prediction methodology</title> (2002)

RET treatments have become as integral a part of silicon manufacturing as steppers. For the 100-nm node, none of the critical layers can be adequately resolved without the application of at least one technique, and sometimes several in combination. All of these techniques can only be specified exactly in limited layout cases that are small enough for study and refinement. When the parameters defined in the initial study are applied to the full chip, however, the variability of real layout always leads to cases where the RET performs less than optimally. In fact, for most technqiues, the real layout imposes a balance between different layout needs. As an example, consider the use of off-axis illumination with sub-resolution assist features (SRAF). The illumination that performs ideally for the dense regions of the layout clearly does not work for all pitches thus the introduction of SRAF. Due to the limitations of infrastructure the SRAF assisted design is never an exact match to the dense reign the illumination is tuned for. The result is two-fold: one, the illumination must be relaxed in order not to be too selective of pitch, and the line width control across the chip becomes difficult. OPC and altPSM also both lead to the same two results when applied full chip.
An efficient local fundamental-mode cutoff for thermo-optic tunable Er3+-doped fiber ring laser (2005)

We demonstrate a continuously tunable Er3+-doped fiber laser by incorporating a short-pass filter, which provides a wideband tunable fundamental-mode cutoff with high rejection efficiency (> 45 dB/cm) at long wavelengths, into a ring resonator. The tunable short-pass filter locally suppresses the gain profile of the Er3+-doped fiber at long wavelengths and makes the lasing wavelength continuously move toward short wavelengths when optical polymer is cooling down. The tuning efficiency, tuning range, signal-ASE-ratio, and FWHM linewidth of the laser are 7.65 nm/ masculineC, 26 nm (1569.8 ~ 1595.8 nm), 40 dB, and 0.5 nm, respectively.
Sulfur(vi) fluorides as tools in biomolecular and medicinal chemistry (2023)

Recent advances in the synthesis of sulfur(VI)-fluorides has enabled incredible growth in their application in biomolecular chemistry. This review aims to serve as a primer highlighting synthetic strategies toward a diversity of S(VI) fluorides and their application in chemical biology, bioconjugation, and medicinal chemistry.
Culture and PCR analysis of joint fluid in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. (2008)

This prospective study compared PCR and culture techniques in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). We obtained joint fluid samples (JFS; n=115) from patients who had failed total joint arthroplasty between January 2003 and June 2005; 49 were positive for PJI according to established strict criteria. JFS were analyzed by PCR (n=35; control n=66) or culture (n=46, control n=48). PCR was positive in 71% of PJI cases, resulting in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio for positive results as follows: 0.71; 0.97; 0.88; 0.93; 0.87 and 23.6, respectively. Culture was positive in 44% of PJI samples. Corresponding statistics were 0.44; 0.94; 0.69; 0.87; 0.63 and 7.0, respectively. Significantly higher sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive values were calculated for PCR versus culture, and there was 83% concordance between the results of intraoperative culture and PCR detection of causative bacteria. Therefore, we conclude that PCR analysis of synovial fluid increases the utility of pre-operative aspiration for patients who require revision total joint surgery.
Report on the NASA Soft and Complex Condensed Matter Workshop (2013)

During the past decade, NASA has been a leading U.S. supporter of soft and complex condensed matter research. Experiments in space shuttles, MIR, the International Space Station (ISS), as well as ground-based research have provided new insights into several areas including hard sphere colloids, crystal growth, phase ordering, and transport of complex fluids at the critical point. To help define the next generation of flight experiments needed to answer remaining important questions in the field of soft and complex condensed matter, NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Science sponsored a workshop on Soft and Complex Condensed Matter, March 6, 2003. This workshop asked leading members in the field of Soft and Complex Condensed Matter (at the APS March Meeting) to help identify exciting unanswered questions in the field, along with specific research topics for which the absence of gravity would enable significant results unobtainable by other means. The workshop was attended by 24 participants from universities across the U.S. and from five different countries (in addition to NASA GRC participants).
Robust Scale Estimation in Real-Time Monocular SFM for Autonomous Driving (2014)

Scale drift is a crucial challenge for monocular autonomous driving to emulate the performance of stereo. This paper presents a real-time monocular SFM system that corrects for scale drift using a novel cue combination framework for ground plane estimation, yielding accuracy comparable to stereo over long driving sequences. Our ground plane estimation uses multiple cues like sparse features, dense inter-frame stereo and (when applicable) object detection. A data-driven mechanism is proposed to learn models from training data that relate observation covariances for each cue to error behavior of its underlying variables. During testing, this allows per-frame adaptation of observation covariances based on relative confidences inferred from visual data. Our framework significantly boosts not only the accuracy of monocular self-localization, but also that of applications like object localization that rely on the ground plane. Experiments on the KITTI dataset demonstrate the accuracy of our ground plane estimation, monocular SFM and object localization relative to ground truth, with detailed comparisons to prior art.
Unsupervised categorical shape reconstruction through manifolds (2016)

We tackle a new challenge of unsupervised categorical 3D reconstruction using images from different instances without any manually assigned key point correspondence. We take advantage of the observations that objects are generally captured from ground-level viewpoints, and that images transform smoothly between some characteristic viewpoints despite the difference among instances. To estimate 3D models of a category, we first embed the images into a manifold to cluster viewpoints into degenerate and intermediate viewpoints. Then, we select adequate triplets of images that capture similarly shaped objects by aligning manifolds of the different viewpoint clusters. To establish correspondence between the images, we prepare finer clusters from the original manifold, and obtain a common set of features that are at locations consistent with the average flow between neighboring clusters. Under the assumption of orthographical projection, camera parameters are estimated using the correspondence among views. Finally, visual hull for each image triplet is calculated using the silhouettes. Our method is capable of automatically reconstructing an approximate categorical model even without supervision.
Spontaneous resolutions in halogen bonded fluorinated networks (2005)

lytic-like protease. In contrast, the high-resolution crystal structures of another prokaryote serpin, tengpin, reveals that the serpin domain of this molecule folds spontaneously and rapidly to most stable (i.e. relaxed) conformation. This is an exciting result, since tengpin represents the first serpin identified to date that obeys Anfinsen's conjecture. Furthermore, the X-ray crystal structures of tengpin reveals the structural basis for a novel mechanism for loop-C-sheet serpin-polymerisation.
Impedance measurement methodology for small antennas: Application to two different designs (2014)

Conventional feeding coaxial cable can affect the impedance measurement of small antennas. Rather than trying to eliminate the disturbing cable, a technique based on the characterization of the cable effect has been used recently for the accurate measurement of electrically small antenna impedance. In this paper we discuss about the use of this methodology for two antenna designs with different sizes, impedance and cable influence. The issues related to the use of a feeding coaxial cable in both simulation and prototype characterizations are firstly highlighted. Then the methodology to extract the isolated antenna impedance from measurements is applied and discussed.
Model Peptide Studies Reveal a Mixed Histidine-Methionine Cu(I) Binding Site at the N-Terminus of Human Copper Transporter 1 (2015)

Copper is a vital metal cofactor in enzymes that are essential to myriad biological processes. Cellular acquisition of copper is primarily accomplished through the Ctr family of plasma membrane copper transport proteins. Model peptide studies indicate that the human Ctr1 N-terminus binds to Cu(II) with high affinity through an amino terminal Cu(II), Ni(II) (ATCUN) binding site. Unlike typical ATCUN-type peptides, the Ctr1 peptide facilitates the ascorbate-dependent reduction of Cu(II) bound in its ATCUN site by virtue of an adjacent HH (bis-His) sequence in the peptide. It is likely that the Cu(I) coordination environment influences the redox behavior of Cu bound to this peptide; however, the identity and coordination geometry of the Cu(I) site has not been elucidated from previous work. Here, we show data from NMR, XAS, and structural modeling that sheds light on the identity of the Cu(I) binding site of a Ctr1 model peptide. The Cu(I) site includes the same bis-His site identified in previous work to facilitate ascorbate-dependent Cu(II) reduction. The data presented here are consistent with a rational mechanism by which Ctr1 provides coordination environments that facilitate Cu(II) reduction prior to Cu(I) transport.
The diverse role of miR‐31 in regulating cancer associated phenotypes (2013)

In the past 10 years research on miRNAs has demonstrated their central role in regulating gene expression both in normal and diseased tissue. The expression of miRNAs is widely altered in cancer, leading to abnormal expression of the genes regulated by these miRNAs, and subsequently alterations in entire molecular networks and pathways. One especially interesting cancer-related miRNA is miR-31 which is frequently altered in a large variety of cancers. The functional role of miR-31 is extremely complex and miR-31 can hold both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in different tumor types. The phenotype caused by aberrant miR-31 expression seems to be strongly dependent on the endogenous expression levels. For example, in breast cancer loss of miR-31 expression is associated with high risk of metastases, whereas in colorectal cancer high miR-31 expression correlates with advanced disease stage. This review summarizes the complex expression patterns of miR-31 in human cancers, describes the variable phenotypes caused by altered miR-31 expression, and highlights the current knowledge on the genes targeted by miR-31.
Preferential Survival of an MBP-Specific T Cell Clone in an HLA-DR2 Multiple Sclerosis Patient (2002)

Anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) autoreactive T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Thus, we applied the Immunoscope strategy to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of an HLA-DR2 patient. Both compartments showed major expansion for the V(beta)13S5 chain, which was associated in peripheral blood with significant proliferation of PBLs in response to MBP and the 84-102 HLA-DR2-restricted peptide. Sequencing revealed a unique nucleotide sequence in the CSF that gives rise to the amino acid sequence V(beta)13S5-RPGQGDQETQ-J(beta)2.5 if translated. This CDR3 sequence had already been reported to be reactive against the 84-102 peptide. This specific sequence was not detected in PBLs on day 0, whereas it was readily detectable on day 6 culture samples. Thus, cell culture may lead to enrichment in a T cell clone identified as autoreactive.