gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1124A NOVEL ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY PRESUMABLY FLUID OVERLOADED HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims Adequate volume control is a major challenge in hemodialysis (HD) patients, as both fluid overload and depletion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In many cases, fluid overloaded patients may require further interventions, e.g. increasing ultrafiltration volume, treatment time or additional HD sessions to achieve their prescribed target weight. Relative blood volume (RBV) monitoring is widely used in HD patients, and past evidence suggests that flat RBV slopes indicate fluid overload [1,2]. The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm that would allow clinicians to identify presumably fluid overloaded HD patients based on a small number of consecutive RBV recordings. Method We based our analysis on the 842 prevalent HD patients enrolled in our previously published multicenter study [1], where RBV (Crit-Line®, Fresenius Medical Care, Waltham, MA) was assessed over a 6-month baseline period and all-cause mortality recorded during a median follow-up of 30.8 months; we found in this study that attainment of a RBV between 86 and 92% three hours into the HD session was associated with significantly better patient survival. The goal of our current research was to develop an algorithm that would require an observation period much shorter than 6 months yet yield clinically meaningful sensitivity and specificity to identify (presumably fluid overloaded) patients with flat RBV profiles (“flat” being defined as RBV &amp;gt; 92% at 3 hours.) We categorized patients in study [1] as either “positive” (their mean RBV at 3 hours was &amp;gt;92%) or “negative”. We computed sensitivities and specificities relative to the “positive” and “negative” cases for 1 to 15 HD sessions and various rates of treatments with flat RBV curves (30, 40, 50 and 60%). Results Sensitivities, specificities, and Youden’s indices (= sensitivity + specificity – 1) for 1 to 15 treatments and across the different rates of “positive” RBV curves are shown (Figure 1). We found a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 80%, and a Youden’s index of 73% when &amp;gt;=50% of 10 preceding treatments were “positive”. Based on these results we propose an RBV based algorithm to identify “positive” cases (i.e. patients with a flat RBV profile) (Figure 2). Conclusion Our algorithm requires only a small number (10) of RBV readings to identify presumably fluid overloaded patients with a clinically acceptable sensitivity (92%) and specificity (80%). It would be of interest to compare the performance of this algorithm with volume status as determined by bioimpedance; however, bioimpedance has not yet been approved for use in HD patients in the U.S.
In Situ Lignin Sulfonation for Highly Conductive Wood/Polypyrrole Porous Composites (2022)

Abstract To address the rising need of sustainable solutions in electronic devices, the development of electronically conductive composites based on lightweight but mechanically strong wood structures is highly desirable. Here, a facile approach for the fabrication of highly conductive wood/polypyrrole composites through top‐down modification of native lignin followed by polymerization of pyrrole in wood cell wall. By sodium sulfite treatment under neutral condition, sulfonated wood veneers with increased porosity but well‐preserved cell wall structure containing native lignin and lignosulfonates are obtained. The wood structure has a content of sulfonic groups up to 343 µmol g −1 owing to in situ sulfonated lignin which facilitates subsequent oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, achieving a weight gain of polypyrrole as high as 35 wt%. The lignosulfonates in the wood structure act as dopant and stabilizer for the synthesized polypyrrole. The composite reaches a high conductivity of 186 S m −1 and a specific pseudocapacitance of 1.71 F cm −2 at the current density of 8.0 mA cm −2 . These results indicate that tailoring the wood/polymer interface in the cell wall and activating the redox activity of native lignin by sulfonation are important strategies for the fabrication of porous and lightweight wood/conductive polymer composites with potential for sustainable energy applications.
Gate-All-Around Technology is Coming. (2023)

Currently, the industry is transitioning from FinFETs to gate-all-around (GAA) technology and will likely have several GAA technology generations in the next few years. What's next after that? This is the question that we are trying to answer in this project by benchmarking GAA technology with transistors on 2D materials and stacked transistors (CFETs).
Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Co-Utilization of Carbon Sources in Microbes (2016)

Co-utilization of carbon sources in microbes is an important topic in metabolic engineering research. It is not only a way to reduce microbial production costs but also an attempt for either improving the yields of target products or decreasing the formation of byproducts. However, there are barriers in co-utilization of carbon sources in microbes, such as carbon catabolite repression. To overcome the barriers, different metabolic engineering strategies have been developed, such as inactivation of the phosphotransferase system and rewiring carbon assimilation pathways. This review summarizes the most recent developments of different strategies that support microbes to utilize two or more carbon sources simultaneously. The main content focuses on the co-utilization of glucose and pentoses, major sugars in lignocellulose.
EP-341 Haemorrhagic Cholecystitis with cystic artery pseudo-aneurysm (2022)

Abstract Introduction Haemorrhagic cholecystitis and cystic artery pseudo-aneurysm (CAP) are two very uncommon causes of right upper abdominal pain. However, the development of haemorrhagic cholecystitis induced by ruptured cystic artery pseudo-aneurysm and haemobilia are extremely rarely documented with few occurrences documented in the literature. Case presentation A 80year-old frail patient was admitted with RUQ pain, deranged LFTs and melaena. She had known gall stones, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and fibromyalgia. She demonstrated localized tenderness in the right abdomen and bloods showed a significant drop in haemoglobin which required blood transfusion. Abdominal ultrasound showed cholecystitis and MRCP showed CBD dilatation with no choledocholithiasis. She was found to have haemorrhagic cholecystitis and CAP along with a cholecysto-colonic fistula on triple phase liver CT. The patient underwent urgent embolization of the CAP and remained clinically stable. She was discharged home with a plan of further review before consideration for cholecystectomy. Clinical discussion Haemorrhagic cholecystitis and CAP are rare. Clinical suspicion is warranted to diagnose the case – the combination of features of cholecystitis with acute anaemia should raise the suspicion. Diagnosis is made primarily by pathognomonic findings on appropriate phase of CT and US imaging. Prompt diagnosis and management is essential in preventing mortality and/or significant morbidity. Conclusion A rare consequence of intra-biliary bleeding due to ruptured CAP leading to haemorrhagic cholecystitis is a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with right upper abdominal pain and haemoglobin drop. Close liaison with radiologist is warranted to organise appropriate investigation for diagnosis and successfully manage the condition.
Oxygen-contamination-free ultra-low-resistance silicided contact technology for high performance power devices (2002)

We have developed an ultra-low contact resistance metallization process employing oxygen-contamination-free silicidation technology combined with ion beam mixing technique. Suppression of native-oxide layer formation on the metal surface by use of an in situ formed Si encapsulation layer has resulted in ultra-low metal-to-silicon contact resistances of 3.3/spl times/10/sup -9/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ and 7.5/spl times/10/sup -9/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ with Ta silicided contacts for n/sup +/-Si and p/sup +/-Si, respectively.
Direct Evidence for Catalase as the Predominant H2O2 -Removing Enzyme in Human Erythrocytes (1997)

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) at physiological levels was studied in human erythrocytes by means of a recently developed sensitive H2O2 assay. The exponential decay of H2O2 in the presence of purified erythrocyte catalase was followed down to 10−9 mol/L H2O2 at pH 7.4. H2O2 decomposition by purified erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPO) could be directly observed down to 10−7 mol/L H2O2 . No enzyme inhibition was observed at these low H2O2 concentrations. Catalase and GPO activities can be determined separately in a titrated mixture of purified enzymes, which simulates the conditions of H2O2 removal by the erythrocyte. Experiments with fresh human hemolysate allowed us to determine H2O2 decomposition by catalase and GPO using these enzymes in their original quantitative ratio. The different kinetics of these enzymes are shown: H2O2 decomposition by catalase depends linearly on H2O2 concentration, whereas that by GPO becomes saturated at concentrations above 10−6 mol/L H2O2 . Even at very low H2O2 concentrations GPO reaches only approximately 8% of the rate at which catalase simultaneously degrades H2O2 . These data indicate an almost exclusive role for catalase in the removal of H2O2 in normal human erythrocytes.
Relationship between Fleet Characteristics and Welfare of Stakeholders of Commercial Air Transportation: Airlines, Manufacturers, and the Public (2014)

Over the past twenty years, the commercial air transportation industry has witnessed many advances in technology as well as changes in fleet characteristics. Most new technologies have worked to reduce the cost of air travel, primarily through reductions in fuel consumption. Other changes like increased range, reduced crew requirements, and lower prices have simultaneously made air travel cheaper and more available. It is therefore of interest to understand how these changes have affected the welfare of the air transportation industry. Using causal modeling, this paper attempts to quantify the effects of these changes on the welfare the three main stakeholders of commercial aviation: aircraft manufacturers, airlines, and the public. We find that changes in the physical characteristics of the utilized fleet have influential causal effects on airline and manufacturer welfare. Additionally, we observe that these physical characteristics are themselves influence by manufacturer welfare, fuel prices, and aircraft value. We consider that the causal modeling methods used in this paper are useful for determining complex relationships between decision makers in the commercial avaiation industry, and that understanding these relationships is important in making decisions about future research and design activities. 1 Graduate student, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, +1 (360) 904-8972, gcwaycaster@ufl.edu. Student Member AIAA. 2 Distinguished Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department,+1 (352) 392-9595, haftka@ufl.edu. Fellow AIAA. 3 Associate Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department, +1 (352) 846-0665, nkim@ufl.edu. Associate Fellow AIAA. 4 Senior Lecturer, Newcastle Business School, +44 (191) 227-3465, volodymyr.bilotkach@newcastle.ac.uk 5 Assistant Professor, UPS, INSA, Mines Albi, ISAE; ICA (Institut Clement Ader), +33 (0)5 61 55 60 36, christian.gogu@univ-tlse3.fr. Member AIAA. 6 Professor, UPS, INSA, Mines Albi, ISAE; ICA (Institut Clement Ader), +33 (0)5 61 55 60 36, christian.bes@univtlse3.fr. Member AIAA.
J045041 Observation of Compressive Deformation Behavior of Porous Aluminum Core Thin-Walled Pipe Composite Materials Fabricated by Applying Friction Welding (2013)

In this study, porous aluminum core filled in hollow thin-walled steel pipe composite materials (porous core pipe) was fabricated by applying friction welding. Precursor of ADC12 porous A1 was fabricated by adding blowing agent powder into ADC 12 plates by means of applying friction stir processing. The precursor was put into the hollow thin-walled steel pipe, and the rotating tool was pressed into the precursor. Friction heat was generated and ADC12 precursor / SUS304 thin-walled steel pipe composite materials were fabricated by friction welding. Porous core pipe with metal bonding was successfully fabricated by heating the precursor. The compression properties and deformation behavior of porous core pipe was obtained by the compression test. As a result, deformation behavior of porous core pipe was different from the hollow pipe and compressive stress of porous core pipe increased compare with the hollow thin-walled steel pipe and ADC 12 porous Al.
Fast object and pose recognition through minimum entropy coding (2004)

We present a pattern recognizer to classify a variety of objects and their pose on a table from real world images. Learning of weights in a linear discriminant is based on estimating the relative information contributed by a set of features to the final decision. Evaluation of the discriminant is very fast, allowing for about three decisions per second on datasets without segmentation difficulties like the COIL-100 database. Experiments on that database yield high recognition rates and good generalisation over pose.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Intratumoral Induction of CD103 Triggers Tumor-Specific CTL Function and CCR5-Dependent T-Cell Retention (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Intratumoral Induction of CD103 Triggers Tumor-Specific CTL Function and CCR5-Dependent T-Cell Retention
Activated Ras Signals Developmental Progression of Recombinase-activating Gene (RAG)-deficient Pro-B Lymphocytes (1999)

To elucidate the intracellular pathways that mediate early B cell development, we directed expression of activated Ras to the B cell lineage in the context of the recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1)-deficient background (referred to as Ras-RAG). Similar to the effects of an immunoglobulin (Ig) mu heavy chain (HC) transgene, activated Ras caused progression of RAG1-deficient progenitor (pro)-B cells to cells that shared many characteristics with precursor (pre)-B cells, including downregulation of surface CD43 expression plus expression of lambda5, RAG2, and germline kappa locus transcripts. However, these Ras-RAG pre-B cells also upregulated surface markers characteristic of more mature B cell stages and populated peripheral lymphoid tissues, with an overall phenotype reminiscent of B lineage cells generated in a RAG- deficient background as a result of expression of an Ig mu HC together with a Bcl-2 transgene. Taken together, these findings suggest that activated Ras signaling in pro-B cells induces developmental progression by activating both differentiation and survival signals.
On the Delay-Throughput Tradeoff in Distributed Wireless Networks (2012)

This paper deals with the delay-throughput analysis of a single-hop wireless network with n transmitter/receiver pairs. All channels are assumed to be block Rayleigh fading with shadowing, described by parameters (α, ω̅), where α denotes the probability of shadowing and ω̅ represents the average cross-link gains. The analysis relies on the distributed on-off power allocation strategy (i.e., links with a direct channel gain above a certain threshold transmit at full power and the rest remain silent) for the deterministic and stochastic packet arrival processes. It is also assumed that each transmitter has a buffer size of one packet and dropping occurs once a packet arrives in the buffer while the previous packet has not been served. In the first part of the paper, we define a new notion of performance in the network, called effective throughput, which captures the effect of arrival process in the network throughput, and maximize it for different cases of packet arrival process. It is proved that the effective throughput of the network asymptotically scales as (log n)/α̂, with α̂ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">=</sub> △ αω̅, regardless of the packet arrival process. In the second part of the paper, we present the delay characteristics of the underlying network in terms of the packet dropping probability. We derive the sufficient conditions in the asymptotic case of n → ∞ such that the packet dropping probability tend to zero, while achieving the maximum effective throughput of the network. Finally, we study the trade-off between the effective throughput, delay, and packet dropping probability of the network for different packet arrival processes. In particular, we determine how much degradation will be enforced in the throughput by introducing the aforementioned constraints.
Optical properties of inverted opal photonic band gap crystals with stacking disorder (2003)

We present a detailed study of the effect of planar stacking disorder on optical properties of inverted opal photonic crystals. Systems with periodic stacking sequences are first studied that include face centered cubic, hexagonal close-packed, and doubly hexagonal close-packed photonic crystals. For the structures with periodic stacking order, we evaluate the band structure followed by calculation of transmission spectrum along the direction perpendicular to the hexagonal close-packing plane of the structures. Inverted opal photonic crystals with random stacking sequences are then studied by calculating average transmittance of the photonic crystal slabs over various random stacking configurations. The position and width of the lowest stop gap along the direction normal to the hexagonal close-packing plane is found to be invariant, regardless of the stacking sequence in the photonic crystal. We show how the propagation properties at higher frequencies are affected by the stacking configurations (both periodic and disordered stacking sequences), particularly those near the edges of the absolute band gap. The obtained results are directly relevant to transmission/reflection experiments on inverted opal photonic crystals with complete band gap.
FLC materials for microdisplay applications (1998)

FLCs exhibit the electrooptic speed necessary for construction of full color, high resolution FRAM-based microdisplays. Special FLC materials are required to meet the performance characteristics required of these reflective microdisplays. The specifications for FLC mixtures for several applications, an approach to formulating them, and several key dopants used to attain the mixture specifications are presented herein.
Probabilistic QoS Guarantees for Supercomputing Systems (2005)

Supercomputing systems must be able to reliably and efficiently complete their assigned workloads, even in the presence of failures. This paper proposes a system that allows the system and users to negotiate a mutually desirable risk strategy; in order to accomplish this, the system makes probabilistic guarantees on quality of service (QoS), of the form, "Job j can be completed by deadline d with probability p". In order to make such guarantees, the system uses event prediction (forecasting) in conjunction with fault-aware job scheduling and cooperative checkpointing strategies. Using job logs and failure traces from actual high performance computing systems, we employ trace-based simulations to assess the effects of the prediction accuracy (a) and user risk strategy (U) on a variety of performance metrics. Compared to a system that does not use event prediction, a high forecasting accuracy resulted in QoS and utilization improvements of as much as 6%, along with an 89% reduction in the amount of lost work. Therefore, our results show that a system that makes probabilistic QoS guarantees using a market-based scheduling approach can increase both system performance and reliability.
In-situ post-deposition thermal annealing of co-evaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films deposited at low temperatures (2009)

The effects of deposition temperature and in-situ post-deposition annealing on the microstructure of coevaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films and on the performance of the resulting solar cell devices have been characterized. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures of 150°C, 300°C and 400°C. Films were also deposited at these temperatures and then annealed in-situ at 550°C for 10 minutes. In as -deposited films without annealing, additional XRD reflections that may be due to a polytypic modification of the chalcopyrite phase were observed. Films deposited at 150°C were Se-rich. Post-deposition annealing caused microstructural changes in all films and improved the resulting solar cells. Only films deposited at 400°C, however, yielded high-efficiency devices after post-deposition annealing that were equivalent to devices made from films grown at 550°C. Films originally deposited at 300°C yielded devices after post-deposition annealing with VOC close to that of devices made from films grown at 550°C, despite smaller grain size.
Molecular Layer Deposition of Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Films Using Terephthaloyl Chloride and p-Phenylenediamine (2008)

Ultrathin polymer films can be fabricated using the gas-phase method known as molecular layer deposition. This process typically uses bifunctional monomers in a sequential, self-limiting reaction sequence to grow conformal polymer films with molecular layer control. In this study, terephthaloyl chloride (TC) and p-phenylenediamine (PD) were used as the bifunctional monomers to deposit poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) thin films. 3-Aminopropyl trimethoxysilane or ethanolamine was used to prepare amine-terminated surfaces prior to the PPTA MLD. The surface chemistry and growth rate during PPTA MLD at 145 degrees C were studied using in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy experiments on high surface area powders of SiO2 particles. PPTA MLD thin film growth at 145 degrees C was also examined using in situ transmission FTIR experiments on flat KBr substrates with an amine-terminated Al2O3 ALD overlayer. The integrated absorbances of the N-H and amide I stretching vibrations were measured and used to estimate the thin film thickness. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) experiments were also employed to measure the film thickness after PPTA MLD at 145 degrees C and 180 degrees C. The experiments revealed that the TC and PD reactions displayed self-limiting surface chemistry. The surface species alternated with sequential TC and PD exposures and the PPTA MLD films grew continuously. However, the growth rates per MLD cycle at 145 degrees C were less than expectations based on the size of the molecules involved in the reaction chemistry and were variable between 0.5 and 4.0 A per TC/PD reaction cycle. The lower growth rates are explained by the growth of a limited number of polymer chains on the substrate. The variability in the growth rate is attributed to the difficulties with the bifunctional monomer precursors. Alternative surface chemistries for polymer MLD are proposed that would avoid the use of bifunctional monomers.
11.2: Improved Contrast Ratio in IPS‐Pro LCD TV by Using Quantitative Analysis of Depolarized Light Leakage from Component Materials (2008)

Abstract The degree of imperfection was defined as the independent intrinsic index of the degree of degraded contrast ratio for each component. The scattering index of liquid crystal layer gives an effective guideline for reducing light leakage intensity. By using this guideline, we have made an IPS‐Pro LCD with a uniform contrast ratio of 1500:1 within ±16.5° of polar angle.