gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction and Identification of a Quasispecies in the Beaudette Strain (2003)

In this report, we describe a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) diagnostic test for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Two primers that amplify a 383-base pair product between nucleotide positions 703 and 1086 relative to the start codon for the S1 gene of the Massachusetts 41 virus were designed and used to amplify the Beaudette, Massachusetts 41, Florida 18288, Connecticut, Iowa 97, Arkansas DPI, CA/NE95/99, DE/072/ 92, and GA/0470/98 strains of IBV. The primers were specific and did not amplify New Castle disease virus, Mycoplasma spp., or infectious laryngotracheitis virus. For RRT-PCR by FRET, an anchor probe conjugated to fluorescein and a detection probe conjugated to a red fluorophore were designed to anneal to a hypervariable region within the 383-base pair product. The level of sensitivity was 1 x 10(4) RNA molecules used as starting template. After amplification, a melting curve analysis was conducted to specifically identify IBV types. Because of sequence differences in the annealing position of the detection probe, the Arkansas, Connecticut, Beaudette, and Massachusetts 41 strains could be differentiated. No fluorescence was observed for the DE/072/ 92 and GA/0470/98 viruses with the anchor and detection probes. When the Beaudette strain was examined, two melting peaks were observed at 44 C and 51 C, indicating a quasispecies in that laboratory strain of IBV. Routine typing of vaccine strains of IBV was possible with this technology, but high standard deviations associated with the melting curve analysis of the FRET probes described herein made it difficult to use this test reliably for routine typing of IBV field isolates.
Traumatic Trabecular Lesions Observed on MR Imaging of the Knee (1991)

Examinations carried out on 302 consecutive patients with MR of the knee between January 1988 and March 1989 were reviewed for detection of trabecular lesion. Twenty-seven patients found presenting trabecular lesion were further reviewed with specific reference to their activity level and need for specific therapy to determine the clinical significance of the trabecular lesion. Twenty-one of the trabecular lesions were in the femur, 5 were in the tibia, and one was in the fibula. Three of them were associated with a direct trauma, 12 with a valgus type injury, 3 with pure rotation mechanism, and 5 with a combination of valgus and rotation. In 17 cases trabecular lesion was a single finding, in 10 cases it was associated with some ligamentous tear. At the follow-up visit, 26 of the 27 patients with trabecular lesion had no symptoms, and the patient with moderate knee symptoms had had similar knee symptoms prior to the accident due to an osteochondral defect. We conclude that a trabecular lesion in an MR image is a benign bone change associated with knee trauma which heals without sequelae.
Multi-user MIMO capacity from measurements in indoor environment with in- and outdoor base stations (2007)

MIMO systems have been widely studied in recent years, and several characteristics of the radio channel have been studied and analysed. One aspect of great interest is the analysis and optimization of parameters regarding the base station when multiple antennas are used at the receiver and the transmitter. Moreover, when not only the link-level but also the system- level is to be studied, the system performance when multiple users are considered is of importance. By using the channel measurements obtained with different base station locations and multiple routes in an indoor scenario, we present in this paper the results for a multi-user MIMO system when different possibilities in location and signal combination or cooperation for base stations are compared. Results are shown in terms of sum-capacity, which is evaluated for different transmit methods (with and without CSI) and base station locations, and it is compared with the capacity in a single user system (with and without interference). (7 pages)
Increase in Cancer Detection and Recall Rates with Independent Double Interpretation of Screening Mammography (2003)

The relative increase in cancer detection as a result of the second reviewer is 6.3%, similar to the 5-15% reported in the literature. All but one of the nine additional cancers detected were in the early stages.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Simultaneous Bottom‐Up Interfacial and Bulk Defect Passivation in Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells using Nonconjugated Small‐Molecule Electrolytes (Adv. Mater. 40/2019) (2019)

In article number 1903239, Junsheng Yu, Wei Huang, Ziyi Ge, Tobin J. Marks, Antonio Facchetti, and co-workers present a spontaneous passivation method to greatly improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by using a zwitterionic small-molecule electrolyte. This bottom-up passivation is a novel and promising strategy to overcome outstanding issues impeding PSC advances in the future.
Study of morphology and property profiles in segmented biomedical polyurethane nanocomposites (2004)

The effect of a well-dispersed and delaminated organosilicate on the morphology and mechanical properties of segmented polyurethane nanocomposites was investigated. The nanocomposites were produced by both melt compounding and solution casting with organosilicate loadings of 3 % and 7 % by weight. The morphology and mechanical properties of the sample nanocomposites were analyzed using TEM, WAXD, DSC, tensile mode DMTA, tensile hysteresis, tensile creep, SAXS, and SANS. Tensile hysterisis results showed that the resilience of the nanocomposite materials was significantly compromised due to increased molecular confinement. Thermal analysis and SANS showed that microphase separation was retained in the melt compounded nanocomposites.
Photoresponsive polymers for topographic simulation of the optical near-field of a nanometer sized gold tip in a highly focused laser beam (2005)

The local perturbation of a diffraction-limited spot by a nanometer sized gold tip in a popular apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (ASNOM) configuration is reproduced through topography changes in a photoresponsive polymer. Our method relies on the observation of the photochemical migration of azobenzene molecules grafted to a polymer placed beneath the tip. A local molecular displacement has been shown to be activated by a gold tip as a consequence of the lateral surface charge density present at the edges of the tip's end, resulting from a strong near-field depolarization predicted by theory.
Recurrent neural circuits overcome partial inactivation by compensation and re-learning (2021)

1 Abstract Technical advances in artificial manipulation of neural activity have precipitated a surge in studying the causal contribution of brain circuits to cognition and behavior. However, complexities of neural circuits challenge interpretation of experimental results, necessitating theoretical frameworks for system-atic explorations. Here, we take a step in this direction, using, as a testbed, recurrent neural networks trained to perform a perceptual decision. We show that understanding the computations implemented by network dynamics enables predicting the magnitude of perturbation effects based on changes in the network’s phase plane. Inactivation effects are weaker for distributed network architectures, are more easily discovered with non-discrete behavioral readouts (e.g., reaction times), and vary considerably across multiple tasks implemented by the same circuit. Finally, networks that can “learn” during inactivation recover function quickly, often much faster than the original training time. Our framework explains past empirical observations by clarifying how complex circuits compensate and adapt to perturbations.
Integrated Optical Device - MiniDisc Laser Coupler (1998)

For an optical head in compact disc (CD) system, an optical device called "laser coupler" (LC) has been developed and used in commercially sold players. This device integrates a laser diode, photo detectors and a micro-prism into one small chip.[1] Using integrated devices of this kind, we can make small, light and stable optical heads with less material and production costs. MiniDisc (MD) systems have become popular as a novel audio system. In this system, a 64mm-diameter disc in a cartridge can record and play back 74 min. of compressed audio data or store 140 MB of user data, using magneto-optical (MO) technology. To improve the portability of this MD systems, smaller, lighter and more stable optical heads are necessary. For this reason, several kinds of integrated optical devices, such as laminated prism [2], holographic optical element (HOE) [3,4], have been reported. In this paper we present a new integrated optical device which we call MiniDisc laser coupler (MD-LC). The simple construction of this device allows an easy mass-production.
Pre-Attentive Processing of Contour Deviance in Musicians (2008)

Impact of musical expertise on functional capabilities of frontal brain regions remains elusive. We used fMRI to investigated differential BOLD responses between musicians and non-musicians. Musicians showed a different activation pattern with an activation in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus. BOLD signal showed a significant correlation to behaviourally tested ability to discriminate changes in sound patterns. Our data shows that prefrontal cortex is engaged in melody processing. Activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex supports the hypothesis that this area is a node that is important for binding music with memories within an broader melody-responsive network.
Tumbling Magnetic Microrobots for Biomedical Applications (2019)

This paper presents a magnetic microrobot that demonstrates the ability to travel through wet conditions inside a murine colon. Under the influence of an external rotating magnetic field, it tumbles end-over-end to propel itself forward. The microrobot's real-time position can be accurately tracked using ultrasound imaging to help guide it to a desired target location. Diffusion tests were conducted and show that the microrobot releases a fluorescein payload over a two hour time period when it is applied as a coating. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the microrobot's SU-8 body doped with magnetic NdFeB particles is also biocompatible with murine fibroblasts. The microrobot's capabilities make it promising for targeted drug delivery and other in vivo biomedical applications.
Delay-Bandwidth and Delay-Loss Limitations for Cloaking of Large Objects (2010)

We show that the difficulty of cloaking is fundamentally limited by delay-loss and delay-bandwidth limitations that worsen as the size of the object to be cloaked increases relative to the wavelength, using a simple model of ground-plane cloaking. These limitations must be considered when scaling experimental cloaking demonstrations up from wavelength-scale objects.
Self-tuning spike-timing dependent plasticity curves to simplify models and improve learning (2013)

Plasticity for feed-forward excitation ought to optimally assign credit to which synapses cause a postsynaptic cell to spike. It is common to use a double-exponential fit of the LTP and LTD curves [1]; however, exponential curves are not always optimal and are prone to some pathologies. For example, if there are repeated patterns in the input spikes, learning will degenerate to only the selection of the earliest spikes [2]. Often the parameters for STDP are hand tuned for particular problems and networks. Measuring of the cross-correlogram offline can provide useful insight as to what the optimal STDP curve should be. We propose an adaptive STDP curve that is derived online from the cross-correlogram, and will discuss its
Overcoming the Insolubility of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles through a High Degree of Sidewall Functionalization Using Polymeric Chelating Ligands (2006)

Deck the walls: The principles of coordination chemistry and multidentate ligand design have been used to functionalize the surface of highly inert MoS2 nanoparticles. In this approach the tetradentate nitrilotriacetic acid ligand was coupled either to a fluorescent ligand (for detection) or to a reactive polymer, which serves as an anchor to the sulfide and oxide surfaces of inorganic fullerene/MoS2 and TiO2 nanorods, respectively (see picture).
Predicting 30-Day Readmissions: Performance of the LACE Index Compared with a Regression Model among General Medicine Patients in Singapore (2015)

The LACE index (length of stay, acuity of admission, Charlson comorbidity index, CCI, and number of emergency department visits in preceding 6 months) derived in Canada is simple and may have clinical utility in Singapore to predict readmission risk. We compared the performance of the LACE index with a derived model in identifying 30-day readmissions from a population of general medicine patients in Singapore. Additional variables include patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory variables during the index admission, and prior healthcare utilization in the preceding year. 5,862 patients were analysed and 572 patients (9.8%) were readmitted in the 30 days following discharge. Age, CCI, count of surgical procedures during index admission, white cell count, serum albumin, and number of emergency department visits in previous 6 months were significantly associated with 30-day readmission risk. The final logistic regression model had fair discriminative ability c-statistic of 0.650 while the LACE index achieved c-statistic of 0.628 in predicting 30-day readmissions. Our derived model has the advantage of being available early in the admission to identify patients at high risk of readmission for interventions. Additional factors predicting readmission risk and machine learning techniques should be considered to improve model performance.
Calibration and non‐orthogonality correction of three‐axis Hall sensors for the monitoring of MRI workers' exposure to static magnetic fields (2018)

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner uses three different electromagnetic fields (EMF) to produce body images: a static permanent magnetic field (MF), several pulsed magnetic gradients, and a radiofrequency pulse. As a result, any occupation that includes an MRI exposes workers to a strong MF. The World Health Organization has now given the monitoring of occupational EMF exposure a high priority. One design for a low-cost, compact MF exposure monitor (« MR exposimeter ») uses a set of three orthogonally assembled Hall sensors. However, at such a strong EMF exposure intensity, the non-linearity and non-orthogonality (misalignment between the three Hall sensors) have an impact on the accuracy of EMF measurement. Therefore, a sensor characterization was performed in order to link Hall-effect output voltage to MF intensity. The sensor was then calibrated using an orthogonalization matrix and an offset vector. For each sensor configuration, the matrix and vector parameters were optimized with a calibration set generated by the movement of a three-axis sensor inside homogeneous MF areas. Once calibrated, the sensor was tested at different MF intensities and returned accuracy improvements. This calibration procedure was tested on synthetic data and performed on experimental data. The calibration parameters can be easily reused by the user, and their stability could be used as a quality control sensor. Finally, real-time monitoring test for static MF exposure was completed and validated on an MRI worker during a typical working day. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:108-119, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombinant human IL-2 overcomes genetic nonresponsiveness to malaria sporozoite peptides. Correlation of effect with biologic activity of IL-2. (1988)

Current malaria vaccine strategies focus on subunit vaccines that contain one or a limited number of malaria Ag. However, there is widespread nonresponsiveness to many of these Ag probably resulting from Ir gene control. Using a congenic mouse model, we demonstrated that human rIL-2 (as an adjuvant) can overcome Ir gene controlled low immune responsiveness to peptide malaria Ag vaccine candidates [R32tet32, R32LR, and Th2R-NP (NANP)5NA] as determined by the antibody response, providing it is emulsified with the Ag during immunization. This effect is not caused by IL-2 merely acting as a foreign protein and stimulating noncognate help; it requires biologic activity of the IL-2, as determined by studying the effect of inactive rIL-2, which has minimal biologic activity but which has retained its antigenicity. IL-2 does not appear to be working by an effect on priming of specific Th, and IL-2 cannot overcome an Ir gene controlled low T cell proliferative response. IL-2 may have a role to play in human vaccine development where a high titer antibody response to a subunit vaccine is required.
Multidimensional Spectral Calculation of Radiative Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Combustors (1994)

In modern gas turbine combustors a considerable contribution to the heat load of the liner arises from radiation. Under typical operating conditions, the radiative heat transer in the combustor is strongly affected by the interaction between the flame and the combustor walls. In this context, the radiative properties of soot, the combustion gases and the liner materials are of predominant importance. In order to provide a proper understanding of these effects, the radiative interchange of a model gas turbine combustor has been investigated using a 2-D (cylinder-symmetric) numerical code. Unlike other approaches, the computation of radiative transfer was carried out spectrally using models that have been recently developed at the Institut für Thermische Strömungsmaschinen (ITS), Universität Karlsruhe. Besides detailed representation of the radiative properties of the liner materials, special emphasis was put on spectral modelling of the radiative properties of soot and the combustion gases. The analysis shows, that the presence of soot is of major importance and that a significant reduction of the liner heat load can be achieved by thermal barrier coatings like ZrO2. However, these coatings are very critical in case of abrasion leading to an extremely high radiative heat load to the uncovered metallic carrier material beneath the coating.
L’État britannique recomposé par le Brexit (2021)

À la suite de travaux comparatifs sur l’État en Europe, l’article vise à mettre en évidence, interpréter et parfois expliquer les dynamiques de recomposition de l’État britannique liées au Brexit. Elles se combinent avec une décennie d’austérité sévère et la crise de la Covid-19. Le départ de l’Union européenne (UE) pose des questions existentielles à l’État britannique. L’article vise tout d’abord à montrer les conséquences du Brexit sur l’organisation de l’État, ses institutions, son gouvernement et ses politiques car la sortie de l’UE conduit à une « dé-européanisation » de l’État ou, à tout le moins, à un autre type d’européanisation. Deuxièmement, ce processus conduit à une renationalisation de l’autorité politique, une centralisation anglaise aux dépens des périphéries et du système juridique. Le Brexit met enfin à mal la conception britannique de l’État et ouvre la porte aux entrepreneurs politiques conservateurs qui tentent d’esquisser un autre modèle d’État centralisé, anglais, néolibéral et globalisé.
Abstract 4822: Analysis of somatic copy number alterations associated with poor prognosis and progression of multiple myeloma in African Americans (2010)

Abstract The plasma cell malignancy Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a rare but deadly form of cancer with 5 year survival rates of ∼30%. The disease exacts an especially heavy burden on African American (AA) patients. In fact, African Americans are twice a likely to be diagnosed with and die from MM as compared to Caucasian Americans. Although socio-economic factors likely influence this disparity, the role of biology has not been ruled out. We have profiled ∼250 MM tumors for somatic copy number alterations using array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) and Gene Expression Profiling as part of the Multiple Myeloma Genomics Initiative. To determine if somatic alterations may play a role in the disparity in incidence and/or severity of MM in AA, we compared the frequency of specific chromosomal aberrations in genes and genomic regions previously found to be involved in progression and poor outcome in MM among a cohort of one hundred ninety-six (196) patients including 16 African Americans and 180 Caucasians. The frequency of occurrence (expressed as a percentage) was determined for each of the following aberrations: 1p deletion, homozygous deletion of p18, chromosome 13 deletion, and chromosome 13 monosomy. No significant difference was detected in the frequency of chromosome 13 deletion and chromosome 13 monosomy between the two groups. However, significant differences were observed for chromosome 1p alterations. Homozygous deletion at the p18 locus at 1p occurred in 12.5% (2/16) of tumors from AA patients and 2.8% (5/180) of CA patient tumors (p = 0.045). We further stratified tumors by hyperdiploid or non-hyperdiploid status using a-CGH profiles to determine ploidy status. Most significantly, p18 homozygous deletion was found in 25% (2/8) of AA patients with non-hyperdiploid tumors and in only 1.2% (1/83) of CA patients with non-hyperdiploid tumors (p=3.2 × 10-4). A nominally significant difference among non-hyperdiploid patients was also present for overall 1p deletion, which was observed in 2/8 (25%) of AA non-hyperdiploid tumors and 33/83 (40%) of CA with non-hyperdiploid tumors (p=0.05). No differences were observed for 1p deletion or p18 homozygous deletion among hyperdiploid tumors between AA and CA patients. These results suggest that deletions at 1p are more common among African American MM patients. Furthermore, homozygous deletion encompassing the p18 locus is more significantly common among AA MM patients, especially AA patients with non-hyperdiploid tumors. As 1p deletion and p18 homozygous deletion have been linked to poor outcome, our results suggest that the increased frequency of these alterations in tumors from AA patients may in part explain the disparity in unfavorable outcomes seen among AA MM patients Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4822.