gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stenting versus Endarterectomy for Treatment of Carotid-Artery Stenosis (2010)

Among patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the risk of the composite primary outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death did not differ significantly in the group undergoing carotid-artery stenting and the group undergoing carotid endarterectomy. During the periprocedural period, there was a higher risk of stroke with stenting and a higher risk of myocardial infarction with endarterectomy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004732.)
Machine Hearing: An Emerging Field [Exploratory DSP (2010)

If we had machines that could hear as humans do, we would expect them to be able to easily distinguish speech from music and background noises, to pull out the speech and music parts for special treatment, to know what direction sounds are coming from, to learn which noises are typical and which are noteworthy. Hearing machines should be able to organize what they hear; learn names for recognizable objects, actions, events, places, musical styles, instruments, and speakers; and retrieve sounds by reference to those names. These machines should be able to listen and react in real time, to take appropriate action on hearing noteworthy events, to participate in ongoing activities, whether in factories, in musical performances, or in phone conversations.
Optical Amplification Characteristics around 1.58 µm of Silica-Based Erbium-Doped Fibers Containing Phosphorous / Alumina as Codopants (2006)

Optical amplification characteristics around 1.58 μm are examined for silica-based Erbium-doped fibers containing phosphorous and alumina, and the gain bandwidth from 1564 to 1620nm is demonstrated.
Back Cover: An n‐Type Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Mimics Transmembrane Electron Transport Proteins for Enhanced Microbial Electrosynthesis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 33/2023) (2023)

Microbial electrosynthesis is a sustainable strategy for electricity-driven chemical production. In their Communication (e202305189), Guillermo C. Bazan et al. designed an n-type redox-active conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) that intercalates into cell membranes and mimics the function of endogenous transmembrane electron transport proteins. The incorporation of the COE into electroactive bacteria amplifies current uptake from the electrode, leading to enhanced microbial electrosynthesis.
A review of sliding mode observers based on equivalent circuit model for battery SoC estimation (2019)

Battery technology is a major technical bottleneck with electric vehicles (EVs). It is necessary to perform state of charge (SoC) estimation in order to ensure battery safe usage and reduce its average lifecycle cost. Sliding mode observer (SMO) has been used widely in battery SoC estimation owing to its simplicity and robustness to both parameter variations and external disturbances. The SMO uses a switching function of the model error as feedback to drive estimated states to a hypersurface where there is no difference between measured and estimated output exactly. In this paper, three kinds of SMOs based on equivalent circuit model (ECM) for SoC estimation in the existing literatures are reviewed. Their difference in the structures and principles are discussed in the hope of providing some inspirations to the design of efficient SMO based SoC estimation methods.
Negative Association Between Allopregnanolone and Cerebral Serotonin Transporter Binding in Healthy Women of Fertile Age (2019)

Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone, with suggested relevance for female mood disorders. While allopregnanolone and serotonin are known to influence psychological well-being, the molecular and psychological specifics of their relationship are to date poorly understood, especially in women of fertile age who experience regular fluctuations of progesterone across the menstrual cycle. Availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft is regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT), which can be imaged in the living human brain by use of positron emission tomography (PET) and the radiotracer [<sup>11</sup>C]DASB. To evaluate sex-specific allopregnanolone-SERT interactions, the present study investigated the relationship between cerebral SERT availability, serum allopregnanolone levels and psychological well-being in women of fertile age. Brain imaging data, self-reported symptoms of mental distress and emotion regulation, and biobank material from ninety healthy women were available from the Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (CIMBI) database. Age, BMI, and daylight minutes were included as covariates in the analyses and SERT genotype (5-HTTLPR) was considered a potential confounder. Lower serum allopregnanolone levels were associated with higher SERT binding in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, allopregnanolone levels were negatively associated with measures of alertness, although this finding was not mediated by prefrontal cortex SERT binding. These findings suggest a link between the typical psychological well-being experienced in the follicular phase when allopregnanolone levels are low and higher SERT in the prefrontal cortex, a region for higher cognitive functions and top-down regulation of emotions.
Evaluation of sapphire at II-VI Optical Systems for HEL applications (2019)

There is an increasing industry need for high quality materials which can be used in high energy laser (HEL) applications. Currently, II-VI OS is growing large sapphire substrates for use in the defense industry on aerospace applications that operate in the visible and mid-wave infrared regions. II-VI OS is capable of producing a-plane and cplane sapphire substrates of sufficient size for envisioned HEL applications, and in the following paper will present optical and material data on properties of interest. Specifically, data will be presented on BTDF and BRDF at 1.06μm in both s- and p-polarizations at angles of incidence (AOI) ranging from 0 to 60 degrees. These measurements are performed on a-plane and c-plane windows grown, fabricated and polished at II-VI OS Additionally, other critical properties evaluated include absorption at 1.06μm, as well as thermal expansion coefficient and Knoop hardness of cplane sapphire.
PrefixSpan,: mining sequential patterns efficiently by prefix-projected pattern growth (2005)

Sequential pattern mining is an important data mining problem with broad applications. It is challenging since one may need to examine a combinatorially explosive number of possible subsequence patterns. Most of the previously developed sequential pattern mining methods follow the methodology of A priori which may substantially reduce the number of combinations to be examined. Howeve6 Apriori still encounters problems when a sequence database is large andor when sequential patterns to be mined are numerous ano we propose a novel sequential pattern mining method, called Prefixspan (i.e., Prefix-projected - Ettern_ mining), which explores prejxprojection in sequential pattern mining. Prefixspan mines the complete set of patterns but greatly reduces the efforts of candidate subsequence generation. Moreover; prefi-projection substantially reduces the size of projected databases and leads to efJicient processing. Our performance study shows that Prefixspan outperforms both the Apriori-based GSP algorithm and another recently proposed method; Frees pan, in mining large sequence data bases.
Quantum Computing and Optical Memory Using Spectral-Holeburning Techniques (2000)

Abstract : The equipment purchased under this DURIP grant has been used in our project for studying spectral hole burning materials for applications to quantum computing as well as optical memory, using spin coherence excited and controlled by two-photon Raman transitions. The key objective was to demonstrate that NV-Diamond color centers, which has a strong oscillator strength, is suitable for this process. Recently, we have observed efficient Raman transitions, which is manifested as electromagnetically induced transparency, in NV-diamond. Specifically, we have observed near perfect alignment of spin-based quantum bits, and performed single-qubit operations on collections of these qubits. The next step is to realize CNOT operations between spectrally adjacent, distinct quantum bits in this material. The robust nature of Raman excited spin transitions in NV diamond also establishes it as a viable candidate for ultra-high-density optical memory. Finally, we have also demonstrated recently that the optically excited spin coherence produces ultra-high non-linearity, resulting in slowing the velocity of light pulses down to 45 m/sec. The equipment obtained under this DURIP has been critical to these observations. in the near future, we will expand on this work as we try to realize a many bit quantum computer, as well as a high-temperature optical memory system based on spectral-hole-burning.
Development of Fuel Cell Stack Durability based on Actual Vehicle Test Data: Current Status and Future Work (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Nissan began developing a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in 1996 and has participated in fleet programs in the USA (CaFCP) and in Japan (JHFC) since 2001 to promote FCV development and to educate the public on the benefits of FCVs. The X-TRAIL FCV (latest model) is equipped with various new technologies, including a fuel cell stack that was engineered in-house. The X-TRAIL FCV has evolved from a test vehicle in 2002 to today’s model, which provides the utility and conventional conveniences consumers would demand. The cruising range, acceleration performance and maximum speed are competitive with existing gasoline vehicles. However, to enable commercialization of FCVs, further improvements in performance and durability as well as reduction in costs will be necessary. Therefore, Nissan is investigating several different approaches for reducing cost and improving durability and performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the durability of the fuel cell stack on the X-TRAIL FCV. Stack durability was estimated from the results of durability tests conducted with power train test benches. Stack performance degradation is considered in terms of three factors--start-stop, load cycling and high potential (idling)--which might be the main causes of the performance decline. Each degradation ratio is discussed in detail. The accuracy of the stack life estimation is also described on the basis of a comparison of FCV test data obtained on public roads, including proving ground and durability test data. A new fuel cell stack is now being developed, aimed at achieving lower cost, higher performance and greater durability. The measures taken to improve the durability of the new stack are also described.&lt;/div&gt;
Flow Measurement of Dense Slurries Using the Sonic Doppler Principle (1978)

A doppler shift flowmeter is under development for measuring coal slurry flow in coal g asification/ liquefaction plants. Ultrasonic energy transmitted through the pipe wall is scattered by particles and received by a second transducer. signal is narrow band noise displaced in frequency from the transmitted signal. of the composite scattered and leakage signal yields a difference frequency spectrum. Signal enhancement effects of in-phase multiple wall reflections are demonstrated. A simple zero crossing counter to determine an a verage frequency of the noise spectrum yields flow rate with a statistical error E where, F, is the count rate and, T, the integration time. The received Coherent detection
One-Pot Combination of the Wittig Olefination with Bromination and Oxidation Reactions (2012)

Abstract A simple one-pot process for in situ bromination of (ethoxycarbonylmethylene)-triphenylphosphorane 1 was carried out. This was followed by oxidation of alcohol using SO3. Pyridine complex as a mild oxidant and in situ trapping of the aldehyde. This process constitutes a stereoselective one-pot procedure for the preparation of Z-configured α-bromo-α, β-unsaturated esters in good yield.
Effect of Fluoride on Corrosion of Cooling System Metals in Ethylene Glycol-Based Antifreeze/Coolants (2006)

Abstract Automotive and light-duty vehicle heat exchangers such as radiators are now predominantly made of aluminum alloys. For over 20 years, a brazing technique known as “controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) with noncorrosive fluxes” has become the preferred process for producing aluminum automotive heat exchangers for original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket suppliers. Fluoride-based fluxes are typically used in the CAB processes to dissolve the aluminum oxide layer on the surface and inhibit reoxidation during the brazing cycle to allow the clad alloy to flow properly. The flux is generally a mixture of potassium fluoroaluminate, (K3AlF6, K2AlF5, and KAlF4). The flux residue left on the internal surface of heat exchangers after brazing is thought to be insoluble and noncorrosive, hence no removal is necessary. Although external corrosion of brazed aluminum heat exchangers has been studied using salt spray tests, a study addressing the effect of interaction between different antifreeze and flux residues on internal corrosion has not been reported. To the authors' knowledge, few studies on the effect of fluoride in engine coolants on metal corrosion are available. In this paper, laboratory test data are provided to show that flux residue is soluble in commercially available coolants and can generate fluoride ions that enhance cooling system corrosion. Systematic study on the effect of fluoride on metal corrosion in cooling systems and its remedies are also presented and discussed.
Vaccine for the mind (2012)

Stressful episodes or chronic stress can shape our brain, leaving behind their biochemical signature on the neural tissue parenchyma. Mitigating such detrimental effects on the central nervous system (CNS) would be advantageous for coping with stress. While the underlying mechanisms that facilitate this response are still a mystery, recent studies demonstrate that boosting specific components of circulating immunity can potentially enhance our ability to deal with stressors. Yet, the fact that the adaptive arm of the immune system is largely excluded from directly interacting with the healthy CNS raises a key question as to how these cells exert their beneficial effects. Boosting immunity against self by active immunization with CNS-derived peptides was shown to reduce anxiety levels and to modulate hippocampal plasticity. These effects correlate with increased immune surveillance at the borders of the brain; specifically, at the choroid plexus (CP), an epithelial layer that resides at the junction between the blood circulation, and the brain and plays a key role in maintaining and restoring brain homeostasis, regulating cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) production and neurotropic factors composition. Here, we suggest that immunomodulation of this site by active immunization could protect against stressful episodes, thereby providing a therapeutic, as well as preventive, vaccine for the mind against stress and depression.
Integration Of Basin Modeling Considerations With Wireline Logging (2008)

ABSTRACT There is a trend of exploiting reservoirs of increasing complexity in higher cost settings. This dual challenge mandates improved efficiencies especially with application of new technology for all phases of project development. Moreover, particular work flows utilized in the past are becoming increasingly inadequate to address current and anticipated challenges; understanding the reservoir remains the biggest hurdle for efficient oil production. Our objective here is to optimize utilization of wireline sampling and testing tools (WSTs) using new work flows and exploiting new technology, particularly Downhole Fluid Analysis (DFA). At the outset, fluid heterogeneities are recognized as potential contributors to production concerns. Nonequilibrium profiles of reservoir fluid have previously been recorded for a variety of reservoirs. In particular, important production parameters for the fluids are seen to vary widely and in nonsystematic ways. Distinct fluid models in basins are discussed that can account for these complex hydrocarbon columns. The WST job is designed to reduce uncertainty regarding these controlling factors and optimally enable determination of the primary fluid physics affecting production. This work flow ultimately involves prediction and testing of DFA log data; potential errors in reservoir understanding are encountered early in the project prior to expenditure of huge resources. Most importantly, real time analysis of log data by senior technologists allows for new WST measurements to resolve contradictions between predicted vs. acquired log data as opposed to resolution (only) by computer simulation. Case studies are discussed where fluid data successfully predicted DFA data in subsequent wells confirming the understanding of the reservoir compartments and contained fluids.
Characterization of a Rac1- and RhoGDI-Associated Lipid Kinase Signaling Complex (1998)

Rho family GTPases regulate a number of cellular processes, including actin cytoskeletal organization, cellular proliferation, and NADPH oxidase activation. The mechanisms by which these G proteins mediate their effects are unclear, although a number of downstream targets have been identified. The interaction of most of these target proteins with Rho GTPases is GTP dependent and requires the effector domain. The activation of the NADPH oxidase also depends on the C terminus of Rac, but no effector molecules that bind to this region have yet been identified. We previously showed that Rac interacts with a type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdInsP) 5-kinase, independent of GTP. Here we report the identification of a diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) which also associates with both GTP- and GDP-bound Rac1. In vitro binding analysis using chimeric proteins, peptides, and a truncation mutant demonstrated that the C terminus of Rac is necessary and sufficient for binding to both lipid kinases. The Rac-associated PtdInsP 5-kinase and DGK copurify by liquid chromatography, suggesting that they bind as a complex to Rac. RhoGDI also associates with this lipid kinase complex both in vivo and in vitro, primarily via its interaction with Rac. The interaction between Rac and the lipid kinases was enhanced by specific phospholipids, indicating a possible mechanism of regulation in vivo. Given that the products of the PtdInsP 5-kinase and the DGK have been implicated in several Rac-regulated processes, and they bind to the Rac C terminus, these lipid kinases may play important roles in Rac activation of the NADPH oxidase, actin polymerization, and other signaling pathways.
Mortality Risk in Pediatric Motor Vehicle Crash Occupants: Accounting for Developmental Stage and Challenging Abbreviated Injury Scale Metrics (2015)

Trauma severity metrics are important for outcome prediction models and can be used in pediatric triage algorithms and other injury research. Trauma severity may vary for similar injuries based upon developmental stage, and this difference should be reflected in severity metrics. The MR-based data-driven determination of injury severity in pediatric occupants of different age cohorts provides a supplement or an alternative to AIS severity classification for pediatric occupants in MVCs.
Discovery of a Series of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Nucleoside Inhibitors of CD73 That Demonstrates In Vivo Antitumor Activity (2022)

CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) has emerged as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy of many cancers. CD73 catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into highly immunosuppressive adenosine that plays a critical role in tumor progression. Herein, we report our efforts in developing orally bioavailable and highly potent small-molecule CD73 inhibitors from the reported hit molecule <b>2</b> to lead molecule <b>20</b> and then finally to compound <b>49</b>. Compound <b>49</b> was able to reverse AMP-mediated suppression of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and completely inhibited CD73 activity in serum samples from various cancer patients. In preclinical <i>in vivo</i> studies, orally administered <b>49</b> showed a robust dose-dependent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship that correlated with efficacy. Compound <b>49</b> also demonstrated the expected immune-mediated antitumor mechanism of action and was efficacious upon oral administration not only as a single agent but also in combination with either chemotherapeutics or checkpoint inhibitor in the mouse tumor model.
Novel Kras-directed therapy in combination with chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (2014)

270 Background: K-Ras mutation G12D is most prevalent in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). siRNA against the K-Ras G12D (siG12D) mutant had showed significant preclinical anti-tumor effects. siG12D LODER - is a miniature biodegradable polymeric matrix that encompasses anti K-RasG12D siRNA drug, designed to release the drug regionally along 4 months. The siG12D LODER is placed with Endoscopic US biopsy. Methods: Open label phase I study of patients with locally advanced non-operable PDAC in the first-line setting. Patients were assigned to receive siG12D LODERs in a dose escalation, dose cohorts were: 0.025mg, 0.75mg and 3.0mg. Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 IV was given on a weekly basis, following the siG12D LODER insertion, until disease progression. The RP2D (recommended phase II dose) was further examined in highest dose cohort in combination with modified Folfirinox (Oxaliplatin 85mg/m2, Irinotecan 150mg/m2 followed by a Fluorouracil continuous IV infusion 2,400mg/m2 46 hours every 2 weeks). Follow up period was 8 weeks and survival follow up until death. Primary study objectives were to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum tolerated doses (MTD). Results: 15 patients with locally advanced PDAC have been enrolled. Two patients were omitted from study but followed for safety due to metastatic disease detected on day 1 post siG12D LODER implant imaging. Median age = 70 (range 52-85); male:female =8:7. Among 13 treated patients, the most frequent adverse events observed in the study were typically grade 1- 2 in severity; 4 patients experienced serious adverse events (SAE). No DLTs were observed. CT performed 8-12 weeks following the procedure showed tumor regression in 66% (8 of the first 12 patients, 7/8 from 2nd and 3rd cohorts).Reduction in tumor marker CA 19-9 was observed in 64% (7/11) of patients. Median overall survival was 16.26 months, 14.01 months and 15.11 months in the 0.025 mg, 0.75 mg and the 3 mg treatment groups respectively. Conclusions: The combination of siG12D LODER and chemotherapy is well tolerated. The combination has demonstrated promising efficacy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer with durable responses. NCT01188785. Clinical trial information: NCT01188785.