gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interocular normalization in monkey primary visual cortex (2018)

The slightly different signals coming from the two eyes allow our brain to compute a tridimensional representation of the visual world. The monocular inputs reach the cortex in layer 4 where they are segregated and form ocular dominance domains. Then they are first combined by binocular neurons in layers 2/3. At the surface of the cortex, ocular dominance domains are spatially organized in so-called ocular dominance stripes. Studying how the information coming from the two eyes is integrated at the mesoscopic scale is of relevance. For this purpose, we used optical imaging in anesthetized monkey to analyze how these signals are integrated and summed at the population level in V1. Ocular dominance maps were obtained with standard intrinsic optical imaging procedures. Dichoptic interactions were studied with voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) using a frequency-tagging paradigm. Visual stimuli of different contrasts were presented at 6Hz and 10Hz to the left and right eye respectively, separately or simultaneously with a passive 3D monitor. The frequency analysis of the evoked response was used to identify the contribution of each eye. We observed that the population activity in V1, elicited by the stimulation of one eye, is suppressed by a dichoptic stimulation. This signal integration could be modeled by an interocular normalization model of population activity. These approach and model represent a necessary step in understanding how the binocular balance could be affected by deprivation such as short-term monocular occlusion. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Knowledge Distillation Applied to Optical Channel Equalization: Solving the Parallelization Problem of Recurrent Connection (2023)

To circumvent the non-parallelizability of recurrent neural network-based equalizers, we propose knowledge distillation to recast the RNN into a parallelizable feed-forward structure. The latter shows 38% latency decrease, while impacting the Q-factor by only 0.5 dB.
Ditopic Ion Transport Systems: Anion–π Interactions and Halogen Bonds at Work (2011)

Einzelatom-Variationen werden zur Aufklärung der einzelnen Beiträge von Halogenbrücken und Anionen-π-Wechselwirkungen zum Transport von Anionen über Lipid-Doppelschicht-Membranen durchgeführt (siehe Bild). Bekannte Kationenbindungsstellen werden zur Gegenkation-Aktivierung der neutralen Calix[4]aren-Transporter genutzt. Die experimentellen Beweise für den Anionentransport mit Halogenbrücken sind bisher einmalig.
A Newly Designed 650kv Electron Microscope (1968)

We have recently completed a newly designed 650KV electron microscope. An external view of this advanced instrument is shown in Figure 1. A symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton circuit has been adopted as the high voltage generator. The cathode is heated by high frequency power; a battery is not employed. The high voltage stability is better than 1 x 10 -5 /min. The sectional diagram of the column shown in Figure 2 is 420mm in diameter and 2750mm in height. The illuminating system consists of a double condenser lens and a magnetic alignment device. Dual deflector assemblies for dark and bright field images, selectable by push button, are built beneath the condenser lens. Two selectable stigmator power supplies are also provided for dark and bright field image operation.
Экономика, организация и менеджмент. В 2 т. Т. 1. (1999)

Учебник представляет собой первое систематическое изложение экономической теории управления фирмой (предприятием) на русском языке. В отличие практически от всех переводных и отечественных учебников по менеджменту, лишь косвенно опирающихся на современную экономическую теорию, в книге П. Милгрома и Дж. Робертса экономические проблемы, возникающие в деятельности менеджеров, анализируются с помощью строгих математических моделей, входящих в основное течение экономических наук. В учебнике последовательно рассматриваются общие проблемы экономической организации, исследуются различные механизмы координации действий работников, проблемы заключения контрактов, стимулов и мотивов трудовой активности, организации трудовых отношений в фирмах, методы анализа финансовых решений, которые вынужден принимать руководитель, а также вопросы организационного развития фирмы. Книга может быть использована в качестве учебного пособия в экономических вузах при изучении продвинутых курсов по микроэкономике, теории фирмы, теории промышленной организации, а также в магиcтерских программах по менеджменту и экономике.
SOMATIC MUTATIONS OF THE PROVIRAL SEQUENCE RESULTS IN A HIGHER MUTATION FREQUENCY IN HTLV-1 ASSOCIATED DISEASES THAN IN ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIERS. (1999)

P026 Clonal expansion of HTLV-1 bearing cells in vivo is the rule in patients with or without malignancy. The Tax protein interferes with numerous processes, which govern the cell cycle and gene transcription in a positive manner. It is therefore possible that somatic mutations (SM) within the HTLV-1 provirus may occur as a result of clonal expansion, increasing genetic variability in vivo. An inverse PCR (IPCR) strategy was designed to distinguish SM from reverse transcriptase (RT) associated substitutions - one primer was HTLV specific while the other was defined by the clone flanking sequence. PBMC DNA samples from 2 asymptomatic carriers, 2 TSP/HAM patients and 2 patients with acute ATLL were studied. The last 399 bp of the 3′ RU5 sequences from 173 proviruses defined by 24 distinct cellular clones were analyzed together with their integration sites. Sixteen of 24 cellular clones harboured at least one mutated RU5 sequence. With respect to an individuals consensus sequence, 35 clones encoded between 1-4 mutations, albeit usually one. A total of 45 additional mutations were detected within the RU5 sequence: 26 transitions, 16 transversions and 3 single base deletions. These data indicate that the cellular clone specific mutations were somatically generated. The fraction of mutated clones (A) and the number of mutations of the RU5 sequence/100b (B) in carriers, TSP/HAM and ATLL were respectively 37% and 4%; 82% and 7%; and 75% and 9%, respectively (for A, p=0.04; B, p=0.04, Mann Whitney U test). Only one integration site, from the malignant clone of an ATLL patient, was found to harbour a single mutation. Controls ruled out IPCR associated recombination and/or substitution. In conclusion, the intrapatient genetic variability of the HTLV-1 RU5 sequence appears to result predominantly from somatic mutations. The fact that they are more frequent in HTLV-1 associated diseases than in asymptomatic carriers fits with a greater degree of infected cell proliferation. The impact of these substitutions remains to be elucidated. However, as all but one are restricted to the proviral sequence (45 mutations in 69 kb vs. 1 in 20 kb, p < 10−4) suggests that they may have been selected for.
Gasdermin pores permeabilize mitochondria to augment caspase-3 activation during apoptosis and inflammasome activation (2019)

Gasdermin E (GSDME/DFNA5) cleavage by caspase-3 liberates the GSDME-N domain, which mediates pyroptosis by forming pores in the plasma membrane. Here we show that GSDME-N also permeabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, releasing cytochrome c and activating the apoptosome. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in response to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimuli are significantly reduced in GSDME-deficient cells comparing with wild type cells. GSDME deficiency also accelerates cell growth in culture and in a mouse model of melanoma. Phosphomimetic mutation of the highly conserved phosphorylatable Thr6 residue of GSDME, inhibits its pore-forming activity, thus uncovering a potential mechanism by which GSDME might be regulated. Like GSDME-N, inflammasome-generated gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), can also permeabilize the mitochondria linking inflammasome activation to downstream activation of the apoptosome. Collectively, our results point to a role of gasdermin proteins in targeting the mitochondria to promote cytochrome c release to augment the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
[Reinforced glass ionomer restorations in modified Class II cavities]. (1989)

We report a conservative treatment for superficial approximal caries which consist in a diagonal approach of the lesion, in order to preserve a significant amount of sound tooth and the use of a new glass ionomer cement reinforced with silver particles (Cermet cement) as restorative material. Following the X-ray diagnosis of incipient caries, the new material was placed on the proximal area, combined with the use of a light-cured composite resin in the occlusal surface, where the cavity design was started. The advantages and difficulties of the technique and the main characteristics of Cermet Cement are described in the present article.
Solving Fredholm integrals of the first kind with tensor product structure in 2 and 2.5 dimensions (2002)

We present an efficient algorithm to solve a class of two- and 2.5-dimensional (2-D and 2.5-D) Fredholm integrals of the first kind with a tensor product structure and nonnegativity constraint on the estimated parameters of interest in an optimization framework. A zeroth-order regularization functional is used to incorporate a priori information about the smoothness of the parameters into the problem formulation. We adapt the Butler-Reeds-Dawson (1981) algorithm to solve this optimization problem in three steps. In the first step, the data are compressed using singular value decomposition (SVD) of the kernels. The tensor-product structure of the kernel is exploited so that the compressed data is typically a thousand fold smaller than the original data. This size reduction is crucial for fast optimization. In the second step, the constrained optimization problem is transformed to an unconstrained optimization problem in the compressed data space. In the third step, a suboptimal value of the smoothing parameter is chosen by the BRD method. Steps 2 and 3 are iterated until convergence of the algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on simulated data.
In vivo measurement of flatulence and nutrient digestibility in dogs fed poultry by-product meal, conventional soybean meal, and low-oligosaccharide low-phytate soybean meal (2006)

Diets containing < 22.4 g of stachyose/kg and < 2 g of raffinose/kg did not alter digestibility or increase flatulence in dogs.
Physiological Control of Nitric Oxide in Neuronal BACE1 Translation by Heme-Regulated eIF2α Kinase HRI Induces Synaptogenesis (2015)

We conclude that BACE1 translation is controlled by NO through HRI in glutamatergic hippocampal synapses, where it plays physiological functions, allowing the spine growth and memory consolidation.
Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer in Boron Dipyridylmethene (DIPYR) Dimers (2018)

We recently reported the photophysical properties of boron dipyridylmethene (DIPYR) dyes, a class of intensely fluorescent pyridine-based chromophores, which are structural analogues of both acenes and BODIPYs. In this work, we endeavored to explore the properties of DIPYR dimers. The synthesis and characterization of two novel homoleptic meso-linked dimers of boron dipyridylmethene dyes, bis-DIPYR and bis-α-DIPYR, are herein reported. Their structural, electrochemical, and photophysical properties have been probed using both steady-state and time-resolved techniques including femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. Of particular focus are the excited-state photophysical dynamics of the dimers, which are studied in several solvents of varying polarity, from methylcyclohexane to acetonitrile. It was found that both dimers undergo symmetry-breaking charge transfer within 3 ps of photoexcitation, forming a radical anion and radical cation, which were observed using transient absorption and confirmed by spectroelectrochemical characterization. Further, it was found that the emitting species is the symmetry-broken state, which is stable for several nanoseconds before radiative recombination to the ground state occurs. The efficiency and rapidity of symmetry breaking, even in nonpolar media, is highly promising for application of these materials to optoelectronic technologies requiring charge transfer from an excitonic state.
CO[sub 2] Sensing Performances of Potentiometric Sensor Based on Na[sub 1+x]Zr[sub 2]Si[sub 2]PO[sub 12] (0<x<3) (2009)

CO2 sensing characteristics were investigated under dry condition for potentiometric CO2 sensors: air, Au | NASICON (Na1+xZr2Si2PO12, x = 0, 1, 2, 2.75) | Li2CO3‐BaCO3, Au, air+CO2. The electromotive force (EMF) values of each NASICON sensor were linearly increased to the logarithm of CO2 concentrations in the range of 250 to 2500 ppm at 450° C. EMF values of each sensor continue to change toward negative potential during the operation exposing to 250 ppm CO2 under dry condition. For the sensor using NASICON (Na3.75Zr2Si2PO12) with rich Na component, base‐EMF (EMF value to fix a 250 ppm CO2) could become fairly stable. In addition, from the use of a x‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the factor of EMF drifts caused the decrease of Na2O activity in NASICON by decomposition of NASICON components.
Synthesis, decoration, and cellular effects of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2016)

Synthesis of magnetic core@shell nanoparticles with different coatings and the study of their uptake by cells.
HALOGENATION OF AMYLOIDOGENIC PEPTIDES PROMOTES EFFICIENT FIBRILS AND HYDROGELS FORMATION (2014)

n.a.
Differential effects of osteogenic protein‐1 (BMP‐7) on gene expression of BMP and GDF family members during differentiation of the mouse MC615 chondrocyte cells (2002)

The mRNA expression patterns of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) in long-term cultures of the clonal mouse chondrocyte cell line MC615 were examined. Distinct spatial and temporal patterns of expression of BMPs and GDFs were observed. The temporal orders of expression were correlated with those of several biochemical markers characteristic of chondrocytic cell differentiation. BMP-1, -2, -5, and -6 mRNA expression increased throughout the chondrogenic process and BMP-4 mRNA expression was not changed. GDF-1 and -3 mRNA expression increased throughout the chondrogenic process, and GDF-5, -6, -8, and -9 mRNA expressions were not changed. Effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7) on the expression patterns of several other members of the BMP family and of the GDF family were also examined. OP-1 downregulated the BMP-1, -4, -5, and -6 mRNA expression by a maximal 3-, 5-, 2.5-, and 3-fold, respectively. The BMP-2 mRNA expression was not changed significantly by a low concentration of OP-1, but was increased at 200 ng/ml at day 7 of treatment. In contrast to the BMPs, OP-1 upregulated significantly the six GDF members examined (GDF-1, -3, -5, -6, -8, and -9) by three- to four-fold. Our findings demonstrate that OP-1 differentially regulates the mRNA expression of several related members of the BMP family and upregulates the mRNA expression of several members of the GDF family. The observations suggest that OP-1 action on cartilage differentiation involves a complex regulation of gene expression of several members of the BMP and the GDF family.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia– Initiating Cells Require Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure showing expression of EZH2 in CML and sensitivity of CML cells to EZH2 inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;
Nitric Oxide and the Gastrointestinal Circulation (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO), a small, relatively unstable free radical, is now widely recognized to be an important modulator of different physiological processes in a variety of organ systems. The blood circulation appears to be particularly sensitive to the modulating influence of NO, which may be explained by the capacity of endothelial cells to rapidly generate large quantities of this inorganic gas. In the gastrointestinal tract, alterations in NO production or bioavailability has been implicated in microvascular responses to ischemia, inflammation, sepsis, and chronic portal hypertension (Crissinger and Granger 1995). This chapter discusses the potential role of NO as a modulator of gastrointestinal blood flow as well as the con tribution of an altered tissue NO level to mediating the microvascular alterations associated with acute inflammation.
Physiological assembly of functionally active 30S ribosomal subunits from in vitro synthesized parts (2017)

ABSTRACT Synthetic ribosomes in vitro can facilitate engineering translation of novel polymers, identifying ribosome biogenesis central components, and paving the road to constructing replicating systems from defined biochemical components. Here, we report functional synthetic Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits constructed using a defined, purified cell free system under physiological conditions. We test hypotheses about key components of natural ribosome biogenesis pathway as required for efficient function – including integration of 16S rRNA modification, cofactors facilitated ribosome assembly and protein synthesis in the same compartment in vitro . We observe ~17% efficiency for fully synthetic 30S and ~70% efficiency from in vitro transcribed 16S rRNA assembled with natural proteins. We observe up to 5 fold improvement over previous crude extracts. We suggest extending the minimal list of components required for central-dogma replication from the 151 gene products previously reported to at least 180 to allow the speed and accuracy of macromolecular synthesis to approach native E. coli values.
Direct faraday rotation angle retrieval in SMOS field of view (2017)

It has recently been demonstrated that boresight averaged Faraday rotation angle (FRA) can be retrieved directly from SMOS full-pol radiometric data. However, in order to extend FRA retrievals to the full Alias-Free Field of View (AF-FoV), SMOS relatively poor pixel radiometric sensitivity and accuracy must be compensated by spatial and temporal averaging. This requires some kind of tradeoff to constrain systematic FRA estimation bias both within SMOS AF-FoV and along the orbit. This work presents the first results given by a SMOS end-to-end FRA simulator, currently under development, that is used to trim and assess the performance of several FRA retrieval approaches.
Capturing Images with Sparse Informational Pixels using Projected 3D Tags (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel imaging system that enables the capture of photos and videos with sparse informational pixels. Our system is based on the projection and detection of 3D optical tags. We use an infrared (IR) projector to project temporally-coded (blinking) dots onto selected points in a scene. These tags are invisible to the human eye, but appear as clearly visible time-varying codes to an IR photosensor. As a proof of concept, we have built a prototype camera system (consisting of co-located visible and IR sensors) to simultaneously capture visible and IR images. When a user takes an image of a tagged scene using such a camera system, all the scene tags that are visible from the system's viewpoint are detected. In addition, tags that lie in the field of view but are occluded, and ones that lie just outside the field of view, are also automatically generated for the image. Associated with each tagged pixel is its 3D location and the identity of the object that the tag falls on. Our system can interface with conventional image recognition methods for efficient scene authoring, enabling objects in an image to be robustly identified using cheap cameras, minimal computations, and no domain knowledge. We demonstrate several applications of our system, including, photo-browsing, e-commerce, augmented reality, and objection localization.
Nonlinear conjugate gradient optimization of polyphase-coded FM radar waveforms (2017)

Polyphase-coded FM (PCFM) radar waveforms are continuous, constant amplitude, and are represented using a discrete set of parameters. This form lends itself well to descent optimization methods, with the nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) method considered here. Further, a generalized integrated sidelobe (GISL) metric based on the q-norm of the autocorrelation sidelobes is introduced that includes the standard ISL and peak sidelobe level (PSL) metrics as specific cases (q = 2 and q = ∞, respectively). The notion of waveform design degrees of freedom is addressed within the context of both sampled bandwidth and 3 dB resolution bandwidth. When the sampled bandwidth is larger than the resolution bandwidth, additional degrees of freedom corresponding to the spectral roll-off region become available for use in waveform optimization. Utilizing this extra dimensionality we show that the possible optimized autocorrelation is largely independent of the waveform time-bandwidth product, which is itself defined using resolution bandwidth.
Turbo demodulation for LDPC-coded high-order QAM in presence of transmitter angular skew (2014)

We analyze demodulation methods for high-order QAM formats in the presence of quadrature angular skew caused by imperfect biasing of the transmitter. Proposed turbo demodulation improves skew tolerance of up to 33-degree angle for an SNR penalty of 1dB for 1024QAM.
Perfusion Quantification from Endoscopic Videos: Learning to Read Tumor\n Signatures (2020)

Intra-operative identification of malignant versus benign or healthy tissue\nis a major challenge in fluorescence guided cancer surgery. We propose a\nperfusion quantification method for computer-aided interpretation of subtle\ndifferences in dynamic perfusion patterns which can be used to distinguish\nbetween normal tissue and benign or malignant tumors intra-operatively in\nreal-time by using multispectral endoscopic videos. The method exploits the\nfact that vasculature arising from cancer angiogenesis gives tumors differing\nperfusion patterns from the surrounding tissue, and defines a signature of\ntumor which could be used to differentiate tumors from normal tissues.\nExperimental evaluation of our method on a cohort of colorectal cancer surgery\nendoscopic videos suggests that the proposed tumor signature is able to\nsuccessfully discriminate between healthy, cancerous and benign tissue with 95%\naccuracy.\n
Identification of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine TYK2 pseudokinase ligands as potent and selective allosteric inhibitors of TYK2 signalling (2016)

As a member of the Janus (JAK) family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, TYK2 mediates the signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-12, IL-23 and type 1 interferon (IFN), and therefore represents an attractive potential target for treating the various immuno-inflammatory diseases in which these cytokines have been shown to play a role. Following up on our previous report that ligands to the pseudokinase domain (JH2) of TYK2 suppress cytokine-mediated receptor activation of the catalytic (JH1) domain, the imidazo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyridazine (IZP) <b>7</b> was identified as a promising hit compound. Through iterative modification of each of the substituents of the IZP scaffold, the cellular potency was improved while maintaining selectivity over the JH1 domain. These studies led to the discovery of the JH2-selective TYK2 inhibitor <b>29</b>, which provided encouraging systemic exposures after oral dosing in mice. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) was identified as an off-target and potential liability of the IZP ligands, and selectivity for TYK2 JH2 over this enzyme was obtained by elaborating along selectivity vectors determined from analyses of X-ray co-crystal structures of representative ligands of the IZP class bound to both proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE 3. MITT. CYCLISIERUNGSRK. DES HEXAMINIUM‐SALZES VON 2‐CHLORACETAMIDO‐5‐CHLOR‐BENZOPHENON UND SEINEM N‐METHYL‐DERIVAT (1972)

Abstract 2‐Chloracetamido‐5‐chlor‐benzophenon (Ia) und das N‐Methyl‐Derivat (Ib) reagieren mit Urotropin zu den beiden Salzen (IIa) und (IIb).
Homogeneous Li deposition through the control of carbon dot-assisted Li-dendrite morphology for high-performance Li-metal batteries (2019)

The synergistic interplay between surface negative charges and functional groups in the carbon dot establish a strong Li-ion affinity, resulting in homogeneous Li deposition.