gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cavity-based Terahertz Photoconductive sources for Real-Time Terahertz imaging (2020)

Optically-driven photoconductive switches are one of the predominant sources currently used in terahertz imaging systems. However, owing to their low average powers, only raster-based images can be taken, resulting in slow acquisition times. In this work, we show that by placing a photoconductive switch within a metal-metal cavity, we generate absolute average THz powers of 181 μW. The structure permits an enhancement of the average power by almost one order of magnitude compared to a standard structure, whilst conserving a broadband spectral response. We demonstrate real-time THz imaging using this source, with the broadband spectrum permitting to eliminate strong diffraction artefacts.
Inhibiting Invasion into Human Bladder Carcinoma 5637 Cells with Diallyl Trisulfide by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities and Tightening Tight Junctions (2013)

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an organosulfur compound in garlic, possesses pronounced anti-cancer potential. However, the anti-invasive mechanism of this compound in human bladder carcinoma is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the anti-invasive effects of DATS on a human bladder carcinoma (5637) cell line and investigated the underlying mechanism. The results indicated that DATS suppressed migration and invasion of 5637 cells by reducing the activities and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels. DATS treatment up-regulated expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in 5637 cells. The inhibitory effects of DATS on invasiveness were associated with an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and repression of the levels of claudin family members. Although further studies are needed, our data demonstrate that DATS exhibits anti-invasive effects in 5637 cells by down-regulating the activity of tight junctions and MMPs. DATS may have future utility in clinical applications for treating bladder cancer.
Optical Spectra ofCr3+Pairs in the Spinel ZnGa2O4 (1973)

Exchange interactions of nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ pairs in Zn${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been studied in detail. An analysis of the emission, absorption, and luminescence excitation spectra yield the ($^{4}A_{2}$, $^{4}A_{2}$) ground-state level splittings and the ($^{4}A_{2}$, $^{2}E$) excited-state splittings. The first are described by $\ensuremath{-}J{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}+j{({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{2})}^{2}$, with ${S}_{1}={S}_{2}=\frac{3}{2}$, $J=\ensuremath{-}22.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $j=\ensuremath{-}1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ($^{4}A_{2}$, $^{2}E$) level splittings are compared with the values calculated from the orbital-dependent exchange Hamiltonian ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{ex}}=\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{j}{J}_{\mathrm{ij}}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{s}}}_{i}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{s}}}_{j}$, where ${s}_{i}={s}_{j}=\frac{1}{2}$ and the sum is over the ${t}_{2g}$ orbitals of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion. In the local ${C}_{2\ensuremath{\nu}}$ symmetry of the pair, there are four independent ${J}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ parameters which have been determined as ${J}_{c}=+39$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $J_{c}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{'}}=+117$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${J}_{d}=\ensuremath{-}561$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and ${J}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=\ensuremath{-}105$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The large value of ${J}_{d}$ is a consequence of the direct overlap between ${t}_{2}\ensuremath{\zeta}$ functions, which is possible in the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} exchange configuration of nearest-neighbor Cr pairs in the spinel structure. The relative intensities of the different pair lines are compared with values calculated from the mechanism of the exchange-induced dipole moment and reasonable agreement is found.
Gene Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction (2007)

Our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of erectile dysfunction suggests that gene therapy will become a therapeutic treatment in the near future. Over the past decade, erectile dysfunction has been ameliorated in animal models using viral-and plasmid-based vectors. Genes that stimulate smooth muscle cell relaxation, such as neuronal, inducible, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, or that inhibit smooth muscle cell constriction can restore erectile function in aging, diabetic, and other model systems. The future of erectile dysfunction gene therapy may lie in the use of tissuespecific and regulated gene expression, advanced viral vectors, or the combination of multiple genes to fine tune smooth muscle relaxation.
An iterative algorithm for signal reconstruction from bispectrum (1991)

The author presents a procedure to reconstruct a (minimum or nonminimum phase) discrete-time signal from its bispectrum. The algorithm is iterative and based on using the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS) in an inner product space in which the vector space consists of real sequences, and vector addition, is defined in terms of the convolution operation. Prior information, such as an energy bound on the signal, can be incorporated into this algorithm. An algorithm that employs energy information was found to produce better results in simulation than one that ignores energy constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A bidirectional load applicator for the investigation of skin response to mechanical stress (1997)

Instrumentation was developed to apply controlled biaxial (normal and shear) forces to the skin of a human or animal subject. The instrument mimicked any reference waveform within the constraints of a bandwidth of 15 Hz, a maximum force of 20 N, and displacement ranges of 15 mm for the normal direction and 18 mm for the shear direction. Two shaker motors, positioned with their axes parallel, were used with a low effective mass linkage and small-angle rotational joints to deliver the force. A digital feedback controller independently controlled the instantaneous normal and shear forces and recorded the resultant displacements. Evaluations on human and animal (pig) subjects demonstrated mean absolute errors between the applied and reference waveforms of less than 1.2% full-scale output for both the normal and shear directions. No degradation in performance was apparent over the course of a 1-h loading session. The instrument is to be used for the investigation of skin adaptation to mechanical stress, information that could be used to design new therapeutic methods to encourage skin load-tolerance.
Supplementary Tables from Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen (2023)

Supplementary Tables from Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen
Reliability and Standardization for SiC Power Devices (2023)

The demand is rapidly increasing for SiC MOSFETs and diodes for power electronic conversion semiconductor (PECS) applications such as electrified vehicle charging and traction, energy storage systems and industrial power supplies. These applications employ a high quantity of large-area die per system while demanding high system-level reliability under aggressive electrical and environmental operating conditions. In addition, SiC devices exhibit some failure mechanisms that are less severe than, or non-existent, in Si devices. This situation demands thorough and novel device reliability characterization and quantification. It is also driving the development of industry consortia standards and guidelines at a much faster rate, and relatively earlier in the technology maturation phase, than occurred in the Si industry. In this paper, I will review some of the key published reliability performance data, stress procedure methodologies used, and implications for key applications. I will also compare and contrast the existing guideline and standard documents and suggest directions that are being explored for future documents. I will also discuss how future guidelines and standards are being developed to cover the SiC-specific failure mechanisms for representative mission profiles for some key applications, particularly electrified vehicles.
OFF-State Degradation of AlGaN/GaN Power HEMTs: Experimental Demonstration of Time-Dependent Drain-Source Breakdown (2014)

This paper reports the experimental demonstration of a novel degradation mechanism of high-power AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), that is, time-dependent drain-source breakdown. With current-controlled breakdown measurements and constant voltage stress experiments we demonstrate that: 1) when submitted to constant voltage stress, in the OFF-state, the HEMTs can show a significant degradation; 2) the degradation process is time-dependent, and consists of a measurable increase in subthreshold drain-source leakage; this effect is ascribed to the accumulation of positive charge in proximity of the gate, consistently with previous theoretical calculations; and 3) a catastrophic (and permanent) failure is observed for long stress times, possibly due to thermal runaway or to the increase in the electric field in proximity of the localized drain-source leakage paths.
Nano-Engineered Optical Fibers and Applications (2010)

This paper reviews a technology for making nano-engineered optical fibers. Key features and advantages of nano-enginneered glass fibers are discussed. Fiber designs and their applications are presented.
Biomechanics of Liver Injury by Steering Wheel Loading (1987)

Abdominal injury induced by steering wheel contact at a velocity of 32 km/hr was investigated using anesthetized swine as the surrogate on a Hyge sled. The lower rim of the wheel was positioned 5 cm below the xyphoid. By varying wheel stiffness, wheel orientation, and column angle, resultant abdominal injury ranged from fatal or critical to minor or none. Wheel stiffness was found to be the primary determinant of abdominal injury severity. The mechanism of abdominal injury was identified to be the rim impacting the abdomen and exceeding a combined velocity and compression sensitive tolerance limit. Abdominal injury occurred within the initial 15 ms of wheel contact before whole body movement of the surrogate of column compression, which were initiated by hub contact with the thorax. The severity of abdominal injury correlated with the peak viscous response which can be represented by the product of the instantaneous velocity of abdominal deformation and abdominal compression. It did not correlate with spinal acceleration.
Biofabricated tumor microenvironments for studying colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. (2019)

e14689 Background: Microenvironmental mechanics have a tremendous effect on the progression, phenotype, and therapeutic response of cancer cells positioning it as a high-potential target for novel therapeutic development. Laboratory modeling of the microenvironment and its multitude of effects is imperative for developing new avenues of anti-cancer therapy that can target non-traditional vectors such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells. Researchers have developed in vitro models of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to meet this need. While in vitro modeling is an important step in therapeutic development, there are few studies that validate in vitro generated results to gold-standard in vivo models, and further, to patient-derived data. Previously, we have developed a model of the colorectal tumor microenvironment and found a connection between collagen ultrastructure and cancer cell phenotype. Using this characterized organoid model, we implant bioengineered TMEs into mice to track long-term growth and progression of cancer and compare our results to clinical biopsies. Methods: Tumor organoids are produced by combining stromal cells and type I collagen. Cancer cell spheroids are embedded into the organoid for long term observation. Organoids are either observed in vitro or implanted subcutaneously into mice for in vivo tracking. Results: Organoids retain structure and viability during long term culture in vitro and in vivo, and embedded cancer cells respond significantly differently depending on the architecture of the surrounding TME. Cancer cells assume a mesenchymal, invasive, and proliferative phenotype in unorganized TMEs, and revert to an epithelial phenotype in an ordered TME. In addition, analysis of biopsied tissue, across tumor grade, demonstrates a correlation between cancer cell phenotype and microenvironmental architecture. Conclusions: In all this is the first study to establish a connection between TME micro-structure and cancer cell phenotype consistently across three distinct research modalities. These results have the potential to pave the way for utilizing bioengineered microenvironmental models as therapeutic development platforms and for targeting TME micro-structure to control colorectal cancer cell progression.
Clinical and pathological evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin for treatment of experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. (1988)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin for treatment of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Twenty-one Hereford calves were experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 and an ampicillin-resistant strain of Pasteurella haemolytica, then treated for three days with either sulbactam/ampicillin, chloramphenicol, or a placebo. The treatments were evaluated by comparing clinical illness scores, total sick days, weight changes, mortality rates, and postmortem lung scores between treatment groups. Both antibiotics were highly effective in reducing respiratory disease in the experimentally infected calves. The clinical response to sulbactam/ampicillin treatment was comparable with that of chloramphenicol and was significantly improved compared with the response to the placebo treatment. These findings suggest that the efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin may be comparable to that of chloramphenicol for treatment of pneumonic pasteurellosis involving ampicillin-resistant strains of P. haemolytica.
Collapse of double-walled carbon nanotube bundles under hydrostatic pressure (2006)

We use classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the collapse of single (SWNT) and double-walled (DWNT) carbon nanotube bundles under hydrostatic pressure. The collapse pressure $({p}_{c})$ varies as $1∕{R}^{3}$, where $R$ is the SWNT radius or the DWNT effective radius. The bundles show $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ hysteresis and the hexagonally close packed lattice is completely restored on decompression. The ${p}_{c}$ of DWNT is found to be close to the sum of its values for the inner and the outer tubes considered separately as SWNT, demonstrating that the inner tube supports the outer tube and that the effective bending stiffness of DWNT, ${D}_{\mathit{DWNT}}\ensuremath{\sim}2{D}_{\mathit{SWNT}}$. We use an elastica formulation to derive the scaling and the collapse behavior of DWNT and multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
A compound near-far end least square-fourth error minimization for adaptive echo cancellation (2002)

This article presents a novel algorithm for echo cancellers with near-end and far-end sections. The algorithm consists of simultaneously applying the least mean square (LMS) algorithm to the near-end section of the echo canceller and the least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm to the far-end section. This combination results in a substantial improvement of the performance of the proposed scheme over the LMS algorithm in Gaussian and non-Gaussian environments (additive noise). However, the application of the LMF and the LMS algorithms to the near-end and the far-end sections, respectively, results in a poor performance. Simulation results, confirm the superior performance of the new algorithm.
Advances in Therapeutic Development for Radiation Cystitis (2013)

Radiation treatment for pelvic malignancies is typically associated with radiation injury to urinary bladder that can ultimately lead to radiation cystitis (RC). The late sequelae of radiation therapy may take many years to develop and include bothersome storage symptoms such as hematuria, which may be life-threatening in severe cases of hemorrhagic cystitis. Although no definitive treatment is currently available, various interventions are used for radiation and hemorrhagic cystitis including blood transfusion, bladder irrigation, intravesical instillation of substances such as alum, silver nitrate, prostaglandins or formalin, and fulguration of intravesical bleeding sites and surgery options such as supravesical urinary diversions and cystectomy. Effects of non-surgical treatments for radiation and hemorrhagic cystitis are of modest success and studies are lacking to control the effects caused by RC. When such measures have proven ineffective, use of bladder botulinum toxin injection has been reported. New therapy, such as intravesical immunosuppression with local tacrolimus formulation is being developed for the treatment of radiation hemorrhagic cystitis.
Optical characterization of type-I to type-II band alignment transition in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum rings grown by droplet epitaxy (2017)

Optical properties of GaAs/Al x Ga1−x As quantum rings (QRs) grown on GaAs (1 0 0) by droplet epitaxy have been investigated as a function of the Al-composition in the Al x Ga1−x As barrier. A transition from type-I to type-II band alignment is observed for the QRs via photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements. While x ≤ 0.45, the QR PL spectra show a blue-shift and an increasing intensity with increasing Al-composition, revealing the enhancement of quantum confinement in the QRs with type-I band alignment. While x ≥ 0.60, the characteristic large blue-shift with excitation intensity and the much longer lifetime indicate the realization of a type-II band alignment. Due to the height fluctuation of QR structures grown by droplet epitaxy mode, it is not the large blue-shift of emission energy, but the long lifetime that becomes the more important feature to identify the type-II band alignment.
Defect segmentation for multi-illumination quality control systems (2021)

Abstract Thanks to recent advancements in image processing and deep learning techniques, visual surface inspection in production lines has become an automated process as long as all the defects are visible in a single or a few images. However, it is often necessary to inspect parts under many different illumination conditions to capture all the defects. Training deep networks to perform this task requires large quantities of annotated data, which are rarely available and cumbersome to obtain. To alleviate this problem, we devised an original augmentation approach that, given a small image collection, generates rotated versions of the images while preserving illumination effects, something that random rotations cannot do. We introduce three real multi-illumination datasets, on which we demonstrate the effectiveness of our illumination preserving rotation approach. Training deep neural architectures with our approach delivers a performance increase of up to 51% in terms of AuPRC score over using standard rotations to perform data augmentation.
Genetic analysis of the role of the asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) in regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional target genes. Vol. 279 (2004) 42719-42725 (2004)

The abbreviation for “factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor” was incorrect in the title. The correct abbreviation, FIH, is shown above.
Isothermal annealing of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) and its effect on radiation degradation (2005)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how the presence of crystals can retard electron‐beam (e‐beam) radiation degradation, and their effects on the thermal and morphological properties of poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) upon e‐beam irradiation. Isothermal annealing at 115 °C was carried out on PLGA films and the effect of different annealing times on the degree of crystallinity (DOC) of PLGA was recorded. The DOC increased with annealing time to a maximum value, and remained unchanged with further annealing. The annealed films were then e‐beam irradiated at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 30 Mrad. The degradation of the films was studied by measuring the changes in their molecular weight, DOC, thermal properties and FTIR spectra. It was observed that, regardless of the DOC of the films, the molecular weight of PLGA generally decreased with increasing radiation dose, indicating that chain scission is dominant. However, the extent of degradation is less for the films with a higher DOC. The thermal properties of PLGA also decreased with increasing radiation dose. Radiation increases the DOC for films with initial crystallinity below 5 % but decreases the DOC for films with initial crystallinity above 5 %. Crystals in PLGA films decreased the extent of radiation degradation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Remarkable similarities between yeast and mammalian protein phosphatases (1989)

Protein phosphatase activities in extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed remarkable similarities to the mammalian type 1, type 2A and type 2C enzymes. Similarities included their substrate specificities, including selectivity for the alpha-and beta-subunits of muscle phosphorylase kinase, sensitivity to okadaic acid and to mammalian inhibitor 1 and inhibitor 2, and requirement for divalent cations. The results suggest that the function and regulation of these enzymes has been highly conserved during evolution and indicate that the improved procedure for identifying and quantitating protein phosphatases [(1989) FEBS Lett. 250,000,000] may be applicable to all eukaryotic cells.
In situplasma sputtering and angular distribution measurements for structured molybdenum surfaces (2017)

We present in situ sputtering yield measurements of the time-dependent erosion of flat and micro-architectured molybdenum samples in a plasma environment. The measurements are performed using the plasma interactions (Pi) Facility at UCLA, which focuses a magnetized hollow cathode plasma to a material target with an exposure diameter of approximately 1.5 cm. During plasma exposure, a scanning quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) provides angular sputtering profiles that are integrated to estimate the total sputtering yield. This technique is validated to within the scatter of previous experimental data for a planar molybdenum target exposed to argon ion energies from 100 to 300 eV. The QCM is then used to obtain in situ measurements during a 17 h exposure of a micro-architectured-surface molybdenum sample to 300 eV incident argon ions. The time-dependent angular sputtering profile is shown to deviate from classical planar profiles, demonstrating the unique temporal and spatial sputtering effects of micro-architectured materials. Notably, the sputtering yield for the micro-architectured sample is initially much less than that for planar molybdenum, but then gradually asymptotes to the value for planar molybdenum after approximately 10 h as the surface features are eroded away.