gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin down-regulates insulin receptor number and up-regulates insulin receptor affinity in cells expressing a tyrosine kinase-defective insulin receptor. (1990)

We examined the effect of insulin treatment on HTC cells transfected with large numbers of either normal insulin receptors (HTC-IR) or insulin receptors defective in tyrosine kinase (HTC-IR/M-1030). In both HTC-IR and HTC-IR/M-1030 cells, 20 h of insulin treatment (1 microM) at 37 degrees C resulted in a 65% decrease in the number of binding sites with a reciprocal 6-fold increase in affinity. In contrast, treatment with 10 nM insulin (20 h, 37 degrees C) also increased receptor affinity but had a smaller effect on the number of binding sites. 125I-Insulin binding to soluble receptors from HTC-IR and HTC-IR/M-1030 cells pretreated with insulin showed results similar to those obtained in intact cells. In both HTC-IR and HTC-IR/M-1030 cells, insulin enhanced insulin receptor degradation. In HTC-IR/M-1030 cells a 1-h incubation with insulin did not change receptor number and had only a small effect on receptor affinity; also there was no effect of insulin after a 20-h incubation at 15 degrees C. Inhibiting protein synthesis by pretreatment with cycloheximide (100 microM) did not block either the decrease in receptor number or the increase in receptor affinity. Both HTC-IR and HTC-IR/M-1030 cells exhibited a very slow rate of insulin and insulin receptor internalization and no differences were seen in this parameter when HTC-IR cells were compared to HTC-IR/M-1030 cells. These studies indicate, therefore, that in cells expressing kinase-defective insulin receptors, insulin down-regulates insulin receptor number via enhanced receptor degradation, and up-regulates receptor affinity. These effects were time- and temperature-dependent, but not dependent on new protein synthesis, and suggest that activation of tyrosine kinase may not be a prerequisite for certain mechanisms whereby insulin regulates its receptor.
Mining Discriminative Triplets of Patches for Fine-Grained Classification (2016)

Fine-grained classification involves distinguishing between similar sub-categories based on subtle differences in highly localized regions, therefore, accurate localization of discriminative regions remains a major challenge. We describe a patch-based framework to address this problem. We introduce triplets of patches with geometric constraints to improve the accuracy of patch localization, and automatically mine discriminative geometrically-constrained triplets for classification. The resulting approach only requires object bounding boxes. Its effectiveness is demonstrated using four publicly available fine-grained datasets, on which it outperforms or achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art in classification.
Using Heuristic Search To Find Stable High-Order Single-Bit Delta Sigma Modulators (2007)

A heuristic search for stable high-order delta sigma modulators is presented. Searches guided by the Linear Model found stable modulators with higher SNR performance compared to classical filter design techniques. The presented design approach is both more automatic than classical design and can also be weighted such to direct the search toward designs for special purpose. A novel adaptive modulator concept is also presented.
Bone homeostasis in growth hormone receptor–null mice is restored by IGF-I but independent of Stat5 (2000)

Growth hormone (GH) regulates both bone growth and remodeling, but it is unclear whether these actions are mediated directly by the GH receptor (GHR) and/or IGF-I signaling. The actions of GH are transduced by the Jak/Stat signaling pathway via Stat5, which is thought to regulate IGF-I expression. To determine the respective roles of GHR and IGF-I in bone growth and remodeling, we examined bones of wild-type, GHR knockout (GHR(-/-)), Stat5ab(-/-), and GHR(-/-) mice treated with IGF-I. Reduced bone growth in GHR(-/-) mice, due to a premature reduction in chondrocyte proliferation and cortical bone growth, was detected after 2 weeks of age. Additionally, although trabecular bone volume was unchanged, bone turnover was significantly reduced in GHR(-/-) mice, indicating GH involvement in the high bone-turnover level during growth. IGF-I treatment almost completely rescued all effects of the GHR(-/-) on both bone growth and remodeling, supporting a direct effect of IGF-I on both osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Whereas bone length was reduced in Stat5ab(-/-) mice, there was no reduction in trabecular bone remodeling or growth-plate width as observed in GHR(-/-) mice, indicating that the effects of GH in bone may not involve Stat5 activation.
Mouse γδ TCR+NK1.1+ thymocytes specifically produce interleukin‐4, are major histocompatibility complex class I independent, and are developmentally related to αβ TCR+NK1.1+ thymocytes (1996)

Mouse T cells co-expressing an alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) and the NK1.1 antigen have been shown to be major interleukin (IL)-4-producing cells and could therefore regulate cell-mediated immune responses. We have identified a related sub-set of thymocytes co-expressing a gamma delta TCR and NK1.1 which also produce IL-4. Unlike alpha beta +NK1.1+ thymocytes, the selection of gamma delta +NK1.1+ thymocytes is not dependent upon beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m)-associated class I molecule expression because these cells are present in beta 2m-deficient mice. This suggests that gamma delta +NK1.1+ T cells may regulate immune responses to a different variety of antigens. However, the development of alpha beta +NK1.1+ and gamma delta +NK1.1+ thymocytes appears to be related. Analysis of different mutant mice lacking alpha beta +NK1.1+ thymocytes revealed a specific increase in gamma delta +NK1.1+ thymocyte production when the block in alpha beta +NK1.1+ thymocyte differentiation occurs after beta TCR rearrangement.
Mapping of Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia (Min) to Proximal Chromosome 18 of the Mouse (1993)

The Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia) mutation of the mouse has been mapped by analyzing the inheritance of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and simple sequence length polymorphisms in progeny from two intraspecific crosses segregating for the Min mutation. Min, a mutant allele of Apc, the mouse homolog of the human APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene, maps to proximal chromosome 18. The synteny between Apc and Mcc, the mouse homolog of the human MCC (mutated in colorectal cancer) gene, is conserved between mouse and human, although the gene order in the Apc to Mcc interval is different from that in the APC to MCC interval.
Potential-barrier measurements at clustered metal-semiconductor interfaces (1991)

Photoemission spectroscopy is commonly used to study band bending at clustered metal-semiconductor interfaces. However, these band-bending data have been difficult to interpret because of the nonuniform distribution of pinning sites. In this paper the interpretation of these measurements is investigated in detail. Using three-dimensional Poisson integration programs, we examine the extent to which the band bending can be ascribed to states at the cluster-semiconductor interfaces. First, the potential variations in the semiconductor near an individual cluster are calculated. The depletion of the semiconductor along the surface is found to be significantly less than the one-dimensional depletion length. Next, the surface-potential variations are computed for systems of known cluster morphology, assuming that the pinning states are restricted to the cluster-semiconductor interfaces. From these potentials, the expected band-bending measurements are extracted and compared to experiment. At submonolayer coverages, we find that the experimental band bending is greater than can be attributed to pinning states under the clusters. Thus, this low-coverage band bending is interpreted in terms of surface states between the clusters. Defects, chemisorbed adatoms, and surface unbuckling are discussed as possible sources of these states. Above one monolayer coverage, the clusters cover enough of the surface to uniformly pin the Fermi level. Experimentally, however, a separation between the n- and p-type surface Fermi-level positions persists to the highest coverages. This separation is also interpreted in terms of intercluster surface states.
A frequency-shift CMOS magnetic biosensor array with single-bead sensitivity and no external magnet (2009)

Future Point-of-Care (PoC) molecular-level diagnosis requires advanced biosensing systems that can achieve high sensitivity and portability at low power consumption levels, all within a low price-tag for a variety of applications such as in-field medical diagnostics, epidemic disease control, biohazard detection, and forensic analysis. Magnetically labeled biosensors are proposed as a promising candidate to potentially eliminate or augment the optical instruments used by conventional fluorescence-based sensors. However, magnetic biosensors developed thus far require externally generated magnetic biasing fields [1–4] and/or exotic post-fabrication processes [1,2]. This limits the ultimate form-factor of the system, total power consumption, and cost. To address these impediments, we present a low-power scalable frequency-shift magnetic particle biosensor array in bulk CMOS, which provides single-bead detection sensitivity without any (electrical or permanent) external magnets.
Heavy Ions Radiation Effects on 4kb Phase-Change Memory (2020)

In this work we analyze, thanks to both material and 4kb memory arrays characterization, the different effects of heavy ion radiation at high fluences on <tex>$\mathbf{Ge}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{Sb}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{Te}_{\mathbf{5},}$</tex> and Ge-rich GeSbTe based Phase-Change Memory (PCM).
Influence of Coronary Risk Factors on Coronary Events in Japanese High-Risk Hypertensive Patients - Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease in a Subanalysis of the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) Trial - (2011)

DM is the important factor in both primary and secondary prevention of coronary events. Comprehensive risk management including surveillance of DM, CKD and HL is needed for preventing coronary events, in addition to blood pressure control.
Fluoropolymers for 157-nm single-layer resists developed using a new etching rate estimation model (KI-Model) (2004)

For 157-nm single-layer resists, dry etching resistance is an important issue because of the difficulty of striking a balance between 157-nm transparency and an acceptable level of dry etching resistance. To achieve an acceptable trade-off, the fluorine atom can be introduced into the resist polymer structure to obtain higher transparency, despite the fluorine atom’s high reactivity in the plasma etching process. We recently proposed a model for estimating dry-etching-resistance (the KI-model) and have shown that it can be effectively applied to the design of new fluoropolymer structures. Through simulation based on the KI-model, we were able to develop a new fluoropolymer with good dry etching resistance and high transparency. We found that a new protective group, 2-cyclohexylcyclohexanoxymethyl (CCOM), improved the characteristics of our novel fluoropolymer, compared with use of a MOM group, when used in the base resin of the resist. In this paper, we report on the usefulness of the KI-model for developing new fluorinated protective groups and new base polymers. Moreover, we have developed a new base fluoropolymer which has higher transparency and a similar degree of dry etching resistance as a monocyclic fluoropolymer with a CCOM protective group.
Influence of crystal-originated pits on ultra-thin gate oxides (1999)

The impact of the crystal-originated pits (COP) on thick gate oxides within the 200-1000A range has been clearly demonstrated throughout the last two decades as a degradation in the oxide electrical breakdown. With the ever-decreasing gate oxide thickness in advanced CMOS (sub-0.20μm feature size) process technology, the detrimental influence of the silicon pits on ultra-thin oxides has been minimal. However, the substrate effect can be shown by using the diagnostic defect inspection station with the referenced SEM defect review. The COP defects can be compared to the electrical tests, which pinpoint the electrical defects by photo detection of the breakdown points. The variation of substrate conditions with different defect sizes and densities on ultra-thin oxides indicate that the silicon pit effect is gradually improving with thinner oxides. The gate oxide integrity (GOI) is a function of the pit structure and dielectric film thickness uniformity inside the pit.
Characterization of Mechanics and Cytocompatibility of Fibrin-Genipin Annulus Fibrosus Sealant with the Addition of Cell Adhesion Molecules (2014)

There is an unmet clinical need for a biomaterial sealant capable of repairing small annulus fibrosus (AF) defects. Causes of these defects include painful intervertebral disc herniations, microdiscectomy procedures, morbidity associated with needle puncture injury from discography, and future nucleus replacement procedures. This study describes the enhancements of a fibrin gel through genipin crosslinking (FibGen) and the addition of the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), fibronectin and collagen. The gel's performance as a potential AF sealant is assessed using a series of in vitro tests. FibGen gels with CAMs had equivalent adhesive strength, gene expression, cytomorphology, and cell proliferation as fibrin alone. However, FibGen gels had enhanced material behaviors that were tunable to higher shear stiffness values and approximated human annulus tissue as compared with fibrin alone, were more dimensionally stable, and had a slower in vitro degradation rate. Cytomorphology of human AF cells cultured on FibGen gels exhibited increased elongation compared with fibrin alone, and the addition of CAMs to FibGen did not significantly affect elongation. This FibGen gel offers the promise of being used as a sealant material to repair small AF defects or to be used in combination with other biomaterials as an adhesive for larger defects.
Targeted profiling of RNA translation reveals mTOR-4EBP1/2-independent translation regulation of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins (2018)

The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway is a master regulator of RNA translation. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway preferentially and coordinately suppresses, in a 4EBP1/2-dependent manner, translation of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins. However, it is unclear whether mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-4EBP1/2 is the exclusive translation regulator of this group of genes, and furthermore, systematic searches for novel translation modulators have been immensely challenging because of difficulties in scaling existing RNA translation profiling assays. Here, we developed a rapid and highly scalable approach for gene-specific quantitation of RNA translation, termed Targeted Profiling of RNA Translation (TPRT). We applied this technique in a chemical screen for translation modulators, and identified numerous preclinical and clinical therapeutic compounds, with diverse nominal targets, that preferentially suppress translation of ribosomal proteins. Surprisingly, some of these compounds act in a manner that bypasses canonical regulation by mTOR-4EBP1/2. Instead, these compounds exert their translation effects in a manner that is dependent on GCN2-eIF2α, a central signaling axis within the integrated stress response. Furthermore, we were also able to identify metabolic perturbations that also suppress ribosomal protein translation in an mTOR-independent manner. Together, we describe a translation assay that is directly applicable to large-scale RNA translation studies, and that enabled us to identify a noncanonical, mTOR-independent mode for translation regulation of ribosomal proteins.
878: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for >=PT2 Tumors (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Monday, May 22, 2006, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2006878: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for >=PT2 Tumors Osamu Ukimura, Jihad H. Kaouk, Mihir M. Desai, Eric Remer, George-Pascal Haber, Parekattil Sijo, Jose R. Colombo, Antonio Finelli, Alireza Moinzadeh, Lee E. Ponsky, and Inderbir S. Gill Osamu UkimuraOsamu Ukimura More articles by this author , Jihad H. KaoukJihad H. Kaouk More articles by this author , Mihir M. DesaiMihir M. Desai More articles by this author , Eric RemerEric Remer More articles by this author , George-Pascal HaberGeorge-Pascal Haber More articles by this author , Parekattil SijoParekattil Sijo More articles by this author , Jose R. ColomboJose R. Colombo More articles by this author , Antonio FinelliAntonio Finelli More articles by this author , Alireza MoinzadehAlireza Moinzadeh More articles by this author , Lee E. PonskyLee E. Ponsky More articles by this author , and Inderbir S. GillInderbir S. Gill More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33114-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "878: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for >=PT2 Tumors." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 284 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 284 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Osamu Ukimura More articles by this author Jihad H. Kaouk More articles by this author Mihir M. Desai More articles by this author Eric Remer More articles by this author George-Pascal Haber More articles by this author Parekattil Sijo More articles by this author Jose R. Colombo More articles by this author Antonio Finelli More articles by this author Alireza Moinzadeh More articles by this author Lee E. Ponsky More articles by this author Inderbir S. Gill More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Novel Approaches - Gastroretentive Microballoons Drug Delivery System (2021)

Due to its potential to stay in the gastric region for a longer period of time, the gastro-retentive is one of the most promising oral drug delivery systems. This increases the solubility of the drug, which improves bioavailability and reduces drug waste. To achieve the gastro-retentive property, numerous methods have been proposed. Microballoons are the most common form among them. Microballoons (hollow microspheres) have the ability to be a viable option for gastric retention. The microballoons drug delivery system is based on a non-effervescent system that comprises hollow spherical particles with no center and a size of less than 200 micrometres. The microballoons drug delivery system has been shown to be more effective in regulating the rate of release of drugs with site-specific absorption. The floating Microballoons demonstrated gastro-retentive mediated release delivery with effective methods for increasing bioavailability, and they could be a promising solution for gastric retention. Optimized hollow microspheres could play a key role in novel drug delivery, especially in secure, targeted, and efficient in vivo delivery. They may be a promising approach for gastric retention, which would minimize variability in plasma drug concentrations. The review presents an insight in to recent advance methods of formulation, evaluation, polymers used in microballoons, applications of microballoons as gastroretentive drug delivery system which provide controlled release properties.
Microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment with compression MR elastography (2023)

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of compression MR elastography to assess microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinomas. MR elastographic and T2-weighted images were acquired at end expiration and end inspiration in 52 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas. The storage and loss moduli at inspiration did not differ between tumors with/without microvascular invasion. However, the compression stiffening rate, derived from the increase of tumor storage modulus between expiration and inspiration, had good diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.85) in detecting microvascular invasion.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Synthesis of Novel 3,9‐Diazatetraasteranes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The kringle stabilizes urokinase binding to the urokinase receptor (2003)

The structural basis of the interaction between single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scuPA) and its receptor (uPAR) is incompletely defined. Several observations indicated the kringle facilitates the binding of uPA to uPAR. A scuPA variant lacking the kringle (Delta K-scuPA) bound to soluble uPAR (suPAR) with the similar "on-rate" but with a faster "off-rate" than wild-type (WT)-scuPA. Binding of Delta K-scuPA, but not WT-scuPA, to suPAR was comparably inhibited by its growth factor domain (GFD) and amino-terminal fragment (ATF). ATF and WT-scuPA, but not GFD, scuPA lacking the GFD (Delta GFD-scuPA), or Delta K-scuPA reconstituted the isolated domains of uPAR. ATF completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of WT-scuPA-suPAR unlike comparable concentrations of GFD. Variants containing mutations that alter the charge, length, or flexibility of linker sequence (residues 43-49) between the GFD and the kringle displayed a lower affinity for uPAR, were unable to reconstitute uPAR domains, and their binding to uPAR was inhibited by GFD in the same manner as Delta K-scuPA. A scuPA variant in which the charged amino acids in the heparin binding site (HBS) in the kringle domain were mutated to alanines behaved like Delta K-scuPA, indicating that that the structure of the kringle as well as its interaction with the GFD govern receptor binding. These data demonstrate an important role for the kringle in stabilizing the binding of scuPA to uPAR.