gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Processing Vision Systems: Standard Image Sensors Versus Retinas (2007)

To decrease the computational complexity of computer vision algorithms, one of the solutions is to achieve some low-level image processing on the sensor focal plan. It becomes a smart sensor device called a retina. This concept makes the vision systems more compact. It increases performances thanks to the reduction of data flow exchanges with external circuits. This paper presents a comparison relating two different vision system architectures. The first one implements a logarithmic complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)/active pixel sensor interfaced to a microprocessor, where all computations are carried out. The second involves a CMOS sensor including analog processors allowing on-chip image processing. An external microprocessor is used to control the on-chip data flow and integrated operators. We have designed two vision systems as proof-of-concept. The comparison is related to image processing computation time, processing reliability, programmability, precision, bandwidth, and subsequent stages of computations.
Advanced paleontological extraction system using data fusion informed overburden removal (2017)

This paper outlines a concept in which advanced data and sensor techniques can be applied to removing rock overburden from jacketed paleontological samples. These samples often are brought back to museums only to sit on shelves. We will combine CT scanning, x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy, and laser surface mapping to determine the location of the specimen within the sample along with various automated removal methods to separate the bone from matrix.
KAYNAK PARAMETRELERİNİN SÜRTÜNME KARIŞTIRMA KAYNAĞI İLE BİRBİRİNE KAYNAKLANMIŞ 2024-T3 6061-T6 ALUMİNYUM ALAŞIMLARININ MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ (2016)

Ergitme kaynak metodları 2024-T3 ve 6061-T6 alaşımlarının birbirlerine kaynatılması için önerilmemektedir, çünkü kaynak esnasında oluşan ısı kaynak bölgesinin ısıl işlem özelliğini etkilemektedir. Bundan dolayı bu alaşımların birleştirilmesinde, katı hal kaynak yöntemlerinden biri olan sürtünme karıştırma kaynağının (friction stir welding -FSW) kullanılması tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma farklı iki malzeme olan 2024-T3 ve 6061-T6 aluminyum alaşımlarının sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ile birleştirilmesi üzerine yapılan deneysel bir çalışmadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında kaynak pimi açısal hız ve ilerleme hızının, sertlik dağılımı, eğilme ve çekme özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelenmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre kusursuz bir sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı işlemi ile 3 mm kalınlığındaki bu alaşımların (2024-T3 ve 6061-T6) oldukça başarılı bir şekilde kaynaklanabildiği gözlenmiştir.
One‐Step Patterning of Aligned Nanowire Arrays by Programmed Dip Coating (2007)

Dip, stick, slip: Dip coating, a widely used industrial process for making thin films, is used to align and position nanowires by means of the stick–slip motion of the solvent meniscus. Nanowire arrays with predefined spacing can be readily “printed” on a large substrate with tunable wire density (see picture), thus providing a facile method for producing nanowire-based devices.
Advances in the available non-biological pharmacotherapy prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral and pulmonary oedema (2018)

Slow ascent remains the primary prevention strategy, with rapid descent for the management of serious altitude illnesses. Pharmacological agents are particularly helpful when rapid ascent cannot be avoided or when rapid descent is not possible. Acetazolamide remains the drug of choice for prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness. However, evidence indicates that reduced dosage schemes compared to the current recommendations are warranted. Calcium channel blockers and phosphodiesterase inhibitors remain the drugs of choice for the management of high-altitude pulmonary edema. Dexamethasone should be reserved for the treatment of more severe cases of altitude illnesses such as cerebral edema.
Generation of coherent XUV continuum extending to the K-edge of carbon (4.4 nm) at a 1 kHz repetition rate using 5-fs optical pulses (1997)

Coherent XUV radiation is generated from a high-pressure helium jet irradiated by 5-fs pulses at 0.8 jum. Below the ionization potential the spectrum exhibits well resolved odd and also even harmonics, turning into a continuum at shorter wavelengths. At a pulse energy of 0.3 mJ the continuum extends to the K-edge of carbon.
Probabilistic Diagnosis Using a Reformulation of the INTERNIST-1/QMR Knowledge Base (1991)

We have developed a probabilistic reformulation of the Quick Medical Reference (QMR) system. In Part I of this two-part series, we described a two-level, multiply connected belief-network representation of the QMR knowledge base and a simulation algorithm to perform probabilistic inference on the reformulated knowledge base. In Part II of this series, we report on an evaluation of the probabilistic QMR, in which we compare the performance of QMR to that of our probabilistic system on cases abstracted from continuing medical education materials from Scientific American Medicine. In addition, we analyze empirically several components of the probabilistic model and simulation algorithm.
The Effect of Carbon Black on the Properties of Plasticised Wheat Gluten Biopolymer (2020)

Wheat gluten biopolymers generally become excessively rigid when processed without plasticisers, while the use of plasticisers, on the other hand, can deteriorate their mechanical properties. As such, this study investigated the effect of carbon black (CB) as a filler into glycerol-plasticised gluten to prepare gluten/CB biocomposites in order to eliminate the aforementioned drawback. Thus, biocomposites were manufactured using compression moulding followed by the determination of their mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties. The filler content of 4 wt% was found to be optimal for achieving increased tensile strength by 24%, and tensile modulus by 268% along with the toughness retention based on energy at break when compared with those of glycerol-plasticised gluten. When reaching the filler content up to 6 wt%, the tensile properties were found to be worsened, which can be ascribed to excessive agglomeration of carbon black at the high content levels within gluten matrices. Based on infrared spectroscopy, the results demonstrate an increased amount of β-sheets, suggesting the formation of more aggregated protein networks induced by increasing the filler contents. However, the addition of fillers did not improve fire and water resistance in such bionanocomposites owing to the high blend ratio of plasticiser to gluten.
Sieve analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences in HVTN 505 identifies vaccine pressure targeting the CD4 binding site of Env-gp120 (2017)

Although the HVTN 505 DNA/recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector HIV-1 vaccine trial showed no overall efficacy, analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences in participants can help determine whether vaccine-induced immune responses impacted viruses that caused infection. We analyzed 480 HIV-1 genomes sampled from 27 vaccine and 20 placebo recipients and found that intra-host HIV-1 diversity was significantly lower in vaccine recipients (P ≤ 0.04, Q-values ≤ 0.09) in Gag, Pol, Vif and envelope glycoprotein gp120 (Env-gp120). Furthermore, Env-gp120 sequences from vaccine recipients were significantly more distant from the subtype B vaccine insert than sequences from placebo recipients (P = 0.01, Q-value = 0.12). These vaccine effects were associated with signatures mapping to CD4 binding site and CD4-induced monoclonal antibody footprints. These results suggest either (i) no vaccine efficacy to block acquisition of any viral genotype but vaccine-accelerated Env evolution post-acquisition; or (ii) vaccine efficacy against HIV-1s with Env sequences closest to the vaccine insert combined with increased acquisition due to other factors, potentially including the vaccine vector.
TrueWay: a highly scalable multi-plane multi-stage buffered packet switch (2005)

Packet switches have been extensively studied during the last two decades. Most commercially available packet switches have a single path between input and output ports, which limits the scalability of the switch. In order to accommodate the exponentially increasing demand of Internet traffic, we propose an ultra scalable multi-path switch architecture, called TrueWay, a multi-plane multi-stage buffered switch. Packets are delivered between the stages of switch modules with link-to-link flow control to avoid overflowing the next-stage's buffers. Schemes such as back-pressure, credit-based and our proposed DQ scheme are discussed. One of the challenging issues of multi-path buffered switch is the maintenance of packet orders that can be resolved by appropriate port-to-port flow control. Schemes such as static hashing, time-stamp-based re-sequencing, dynamic hashing, and window-based re-sequencing, are considered. We show by simulation that the TrueWay switch with a speed up of 1.6 is able to perform nearly as well as the output buffered switch under most interested traffic distributions. A small-scale prototyped switch fabric has been built on a 16-card chassis with high-speed SerDes interconnections at the backplane (with 640 Gbps capacity), and with FPGA chips on each card to reconfigure the switch to test various stage-to-stage and port-to-port flow control schemes. With today's ASIC technology, e.g., 64/spl times/64 switch chip with SerDes interfaces and VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) optical interconnections, the TrueWay switch can scale up to 40 Tbps.
The Asymptotic Performance of the Linear MMSE Receiver for Spatial Multiplexing System with Channel Estimation Errors (2007)

Spatial multiplexing (SM) offers a linear increase in transmission rate without bandwidth expansion or power increase. In SM systems, the LMMSE receiver establishes a good tradeoff between the complexity and performance. The performance of the LMMSE receiver would be degraded by MIMO channel estimation errors. This letter focus on obtaining the asymptotic convergence of output interference power and SIR performance for the LMMSE receiver with channel uncertainty. Exactly matched simulation results verify the validity of analysis in the large-system assumption. Furthermore, we find that the analytical results are also valid in the sense of average results for limited-scale system in spite of the asymptotic assumption used in derivation.
Computation of the Range of Feasible Solutions in Self-Modeling Curve Resolution Algorithms (1999)

Self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR) describes a set of mathematical tools for estimating pure-component spectra and composition profiles from mixture spectra. The source of mixture spectra may be overlapped chromatography peaks, composition profiles from equilibrium studies, kinetic profiles from chemical reactions and batch industrial processes, depth profiles of treated surfaces, and many other types of materials and processes. Mathematical solutions are produced under the assumption that pure-component profiles and spectra should be nonnegative and composition profiles should be unimodal. In many cases, SMCR may be the only method available for resolving the composition profiles and pure-component spectra from these measurements. Under ideal circumstances, the SMCR results are accurate quantitative estimates of the true underlying profiles. Although SMCR tools are finding wider use, it is not widely known or appreciated that, in most circumstances, SMCR techniques produce a family of solutions that obey nonnegativity constraints. In this paper, we present a new method for computation of the range of feasible solutions and use it to study the effect of chromatographic resolution, peak height, spectral dissimilarity, and signal-to-noise ratios on the magnitude of feasible solutions. An illustration of its use in resolving composition profiles from a batch reaction is also given.
Figure S3 from The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of copy number changes in MDA PCa 144 PDXs&lt;/p&gt;
Comparing the performance and efficiency of two popular DHTs in interpersonal communication (2011)

Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) have been deployed in a wide variety of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. While the traditional use of P2P technology is focused around content sharing, the current trend is in applying the P2P technology for new application areas, such as interpersonal communications. Despite active research and standardization efforts, such as the development of Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol (P2PSIP), there has been little effort to evaluate the suitability of different DHTs for interpersonal communications. As there are significant differences between the requirements of various application types, the task of selecting an appropriate DHT algorithm for a particular application type is not trivial. Therefore an evaluation is needed. In this paper, we compare the performance and efficiency of two popular DHT algorithms, Kademlia and Chord, in P2PSIP environment. We are particularly interested in their messaging overhead and routing performance in different sizes of overlay networks. The results reveal that in identical application scenarios, Kademlia outperforms Chord by shorter lookup path lengths, whereas Chord scales better to larger networks in the terms of messaging cost.
Gaussian 1-2-1 Networks: Capacity Results for mmWave Communications (2018)

This paper proposes a new model for wireless relay networks referred to as “1-2-1 network”, where two nodes can communicate only if they point “beams” at each other, while if they do not point beams at each other, no signal can be exchanged or interference can be generated. This model is motivated by millimeter wave communications where, due to the high path loss, a link between two nodes can exist only if beamforming gain at both sides is established, while in the absence of beamforming gain the signal is received well below the thermal noise floor. The main result in this paper is that the 1-2-1 network capacity can be approximated by routing information along at most 2N + 2 paths, where N is the number of relays connecting a source and a destination through an arbitrary topology.
Effect of fixed-time artificial insemination on corpus luteum gene expression at the day 16 and 25 pregnancy of gilt (2021)

Utilization of female livestock can be optimized by application of Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), which plays an important role in large-scale livestock production. However, molecular mechanism of FTAI affecting reproductive performance remains unclear. To investigate the effects of FTAI on corpus luteum in 16 and 25 days of pregnancy gilts, 12 pregnancy gilts were selected from Altrenogest + PMSG + GnRH (APG) group and control group. The number of left and right CL in APG group were significantly higher than control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, result showed the number of differentially expressed genes between 16APG group and 16 C group was obviously larger than that between 25APG and 25 C group (2394 vs. 1476). Up regulated genes in APG were mainly associated with cytokine production and secretion, cell communication and transport (day 16) and angiogenesis, cell cycle and cell-cell signaling (day 25). The expression of differentially expressed genes (RPL10, CYP17A1, DCN, IL18, LDLR and PRLR) in luteal tissue were verified by real-time PCR. In summary, APG program significantly improve reproductive efficiency of gilts through up regulation of cytokine production/secretion, cell communication and transport in Day 16 pregnancy and angiogenesis, cell cycle and cell-cell signaling at Day 25 pregnancy in porcine.
Tissue Tropism in Intestinal Colonization (2014)

This chapter reviews the current understanding of the tissue tropism of bacterial pathogens, with a focus on virulent types of Escherichia coli. As surface-expressed organelles involved in bacterial attachment to the host mucosa, bacterial pili are likely to contribute to the tissue tropism of many bacterial pathogens. The enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) translocon directs the delivery of selected proteins into the internal milieu of the host cell. Loss of invasin-mediated integrin-binding activity leads to the colonization of other epithelial surfaces rich in mucus, suggesting that invasin is absolutely required for bacterial translocation into Peyer's patches. Hence, similar to intimin, invasin modulates the site of initial mucosal colonization by an enteric pathogen. Tir from EPEC and the pili of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) allowed the gain of significant insight into the complexity of bacterial tissue tropism and its importance for pathogenesis. Importantly, the E. coli pathogens have shown that the specificity and affinity of bacterial surface attachment underlie the tissue tropism of mucosal pathogens and depend not only on timely expression of a specific bacterial adhesin but also on its binding affinity for a cognate host cell receptor and the tissue distribution and availability of the host receptor.
ChemInform Abstract: A Model to Compute Phase Diagrams in Oxides with Empirical or First‐ Principles Energy Methods and Application to the Solubility Limits in the CaO‐MgO System. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Throughput Synthesis of Lignin Particles (∼30 nm to ∼2 μm) via Aerosol Flow Reactor: Size Fractionation and Utilization in Pickering Emulsions (2016)

An aerosol flow reactor was used for the first time for high-throughput, high yield synthesis of spherical lignin particles with given inherent hydrophilicity, depending on the precursor biomolecule. In situ fractionation via Berner type impactor afforded populations with characteristic sizes ranging from ∼30 nm to 2 μm. The as-produced, dry lignin particles displayed excellent mechanical integrity, even after redispersion under high shear in either mineral oil or water. They were effective in the stabilization of oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions with tunable droplet size, depending on the dimension of the lignin particles used for emulsification. The emulsion stability correlated with particle concentration as well as the respective lignin type. For the O/W emulsions stabilized with the more hydrophilic lignin particles, negligible changes in phase separation via Ostwald ripening and coalescence were observed over a period of time of more than two months. Together with the fact that the lignin particle concentrations used in emulsification were as low as 0.1%, our results reveal a remarkable ability to endow emulsified systems with high colloidal stability. Overall, we offer a new, high-yield, scalable nanomanufacturing approach to producing dry spherical lignin particles with size control and high production capacity. A number of emerging applications for these organic particles can be envisioned and, as a proof-of-concept, we illustrate here surfactant-free emulsification.
Correlated scanning Kelvin probe and conductive atomic force microscopy studies of dislocations in gallium nitride (2003)

Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) have been used to image surfaces of GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Detailed analysis of the same area using both techniques allowed imaging and comparison of both surface potential variations arising from the presence of negatively charged threading dislocations and localized current leakage paths associated with dislocations. Correlations between the charge state of dislocations, conductivity of current leakage paths, and dislocation type were thereby established. Analysis of correlated SKPM and C-AFM images revealed a density of negatively charged features of ∼3×108 cm−2 and a localized current leakage path density of ∼3×107 cm−2, with approximately 25% of the leakage paths spatially correlated with negatively charged dislocation features. Based on correlated topography and previous studies quantifying the densities of edge, screw, and mixed dislocations, our results suggested that dislocations having an edge component behave as though negatively charged while pure screw dislocations are solely responsible for the observed leakage paths and are uncharged.
The 2nd Alpine Winter Conference on Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry (2021)

The second biannual Alpine Winter Conference on Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry (short: Alpine Winter Conference) took place January 19-23, 2020, in St. Anton in western Austria. There were roughly 180 attendees from around the globe, making this mid-sized conference particularly conducive to networking and exchanging ideas over the course of four and a half days. This report summarizes the key events and presentations given by researchers working in both industry and academia.
Suppressor Mutagenesis Identifies a Velvet Complex Remediator of Aspergillus nidulans Secondary Metabolism (2010)

Fungal secondary metabolites (SM) are bioactive compounds that are important in fungal ecology and, moreover, both harmful and useful in human endeavors (e.g., as toxins and pharmaceuticals). Recently a nuclear heterocomplex termed the Velvet complex, characterized in the model ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans, was found to be critical for SM production. Deletion of two members of the Velvet complex, laeA and veA, results in near loss of SM and defective sexual spore production in A. nidulans and other species. Using a multicopy-suppressor genetics approach, we have isolated an Aspergillus nidulans gene named rsmA (remediation of secondary metabolism) based upon its ability to remediate secondary metabolism in ΔlaeA and ΔveA backgrounds. Overexpression of rsmA (OE::rsmA) restores production of sterigmatocystin (ST) (a carcinogenic SM) via transcriptional activation of ST biosynthetic genes. However, defects in sexual reproduction in either ΔlaeA or ΔveA strains cannot be overcome by OE::rsmA. An intact Velvet complex coupled with an OE::rsmA allele increases SM many fold over the wild-type level, but loss of rsmA does not decrease SM. RsmA encodes a putative bZIP basic leucine zipper-type transcription factor.
Mutual Exclusivity in the Synthesis of High Crystallinity and High Yield Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

We report the mutually exclusive relationship between carbon nanotube (CNT) yield and crystallinity. Growth conditions were optimized for CNT growth yield and crystallinity through sequential tuning of three input variables: growth enhancer level, growth temperature, and carbon feedstock level. This optimization revealed that, regardless of the variety of carbon feedstock and growth enhancer, the optimum conditions for yield and crystallinity differed significantly with yield/crystallinity, preferring lower/higher growth temperatures and higher/lower carbon feedstock levels. This mutual exclusivity stemmed from the inherent limiting mechanisms for each property.