gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Immunogenicity of Biodegradable Polymer Particles Entrapped Rotavirus Vaccine (2010)

Rotavirus (RV) entrapped in polylactide (PLA) and polylactide-coglycolide (PLGA) polymer particles were formulated and evaluated in mice for improved immunogenicity using oral, intranasal (IN), and intramuscular (IM) routes of administration. Microparticles of size ranges between 1 and 8 µm were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Stabilizers like mouse serum albumin, sucrose, and sodium bicarbonate that were used during particle formulation helped in minimizing the denaturation of the entrapped antigen. Immunization with 20 µg of antigen entrapped in polymeric particles through various routes of administration elicited measurable amount of antibody titer in mice. The immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer (≥4-fold rise between pre and post immunized sera) was analyzed by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLGA encapsulated RV microparticles elicited better antibody response through IN route (90%) where as PLA encapsulated RV microparticles showed improved response when administrated through oral route (83.3%). Overall, the performance of IN route based immunization was significantly higher than oral and IM route ( p<0.001) with both the polymers. The results are of indication that, PLGA encapsulated RV microparticles have greater potential for vaccine formulation to combat rotavirus infection.
Frequency-domain modeling of modular multilevel converters (2012)

Modular multilevel converters (MMC), based on cascading of half-bridge converter cells, can combine low switching frequency with low harmonic interference. They can be designed for high operating voltages without direct series connection of semiconductor elements. This has led to a rapid adoption within high-power applications such as high voltage direct current transmission, railway interties and medium voltage industrial motor drives. Analyzing the operation of these converters in the frequency domain poses a few challenges due to the presence of significant low-order harmonic voltages in the cell capacitors. This paper treats a frequency-domain methodology for computing inner variables of the MMC with half-bridge cells, based on a two-stage approach. First, the circuit equations are decoupled by a simple linear transformation, whereby the circuit schematic can be separated into a dc-side and an ac-side part. Second, the variables of the cell strings are computed in the frequency domain by iterated convolution. It is shown that the proposed methodology, where all calculations are made in the frequency domain, can accurately reproduce the results from a PSCAD simulation. Furthermore, the model is successfully employed as part of an optimization algorithm for maximizing the power handling capability of the converter by appropriately controlling the circulating current and zero-sequence ac-side voltage. Results from this work point to significant possibilities for improvement.
Fifty nanometer lines patterned into silica using water developable chitosan bioresist and electron beam lithography (2017)

Current chemicals used in electron beam (e-beam) lithography generate safety and waste management issues. To replace them, chitosan, a natural and abundant polymer soluble in water based solutions, was assessed as a positive and water developable resist for a two-layer e-beam lithography and as a mask for transfer by etching in silica. Fifty nanometer line patterns were successfully obtained in a chitosan film by e-beam lithography at doses between 160 and 300 μC cm−2, then, transferred into a silica layer by CHF3 plasma reactive ion etching with respect of the feature dimensions.
Two-Phase Flow in Wire-Packed Bed (1994)

For the establishment of liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs) as commercial reactors, one of the most important tasks is to develop highly reliable heat transfer tubes for steam generators (SGs) used in LMFBRs because their failure could lead to a potentially explosive sodium/water reaction. The authors proposed a new concept of a wire-packed duplex tube in order to improve stress concentration after its bending, thermal stress and so on against the contact type duplex tubes and knitted wire-packed duplex tubes which had been proposed. In this paper, two-phase flow in wire-packed beds, which simulate the wire-packed layer of the proposed duplex tubes, is experimentally investigated using air and water as test fluids in order to obtain a fundamental data base for a water-leakage detection method using absolute pressure and differential pressure measurements. The measured pressure drops are analyzed by using the following analytical models; (1) homogeneous flow model, (2) channeling model and (3) annular flow model. It is made clear that the hydrodynamics of two-phase flow in wire-packed beds can be evaluated well by the annular flow model.
Active transport system of prostaglandins: Clinical implications and considerations (1992)

We hypothesize that two factors are essential in the development of epinephrine-induced cystoid macular edema (CME): (1) the stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by some tissues, presumably the anterior uvea by epinephrine; (2) the dysfunction of the active transport (Bito's pump) which is responsible for the removal of prostaglandins from intraocular fluids. We conducted several experimental studies to confirm these hypotheses. The results strongly suggest that epinephrine maculopathy is induced by a mechanism involving prostaglandins or, possibly, other related eicosanoids and not simply by epinephrine itself, as has been postulated. This suggests the existence of some common factors in the pathogenesis of epinephrine maculopathy and aphakic or pseudophakic CME.
Molecular basis for cooperative binding and synergy of ATP-site and allosteric EGFR inhibitors (2022)

Lung cancer is frequently caused by activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Allosteric EGFR inhibitors offer promise as the next generation of therapeutics, as they are unaffected by common ATP-site resistance mutations and synergize with the drug osimertinib. Here, we examine combinations of ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors to better understand the molecular basis for synergy. We identify a subset of irreversible EGFR inhibitors that display positive binding cooperativity and synergy with the allosteric inhibitor JBJ-04-125-02 in several EGFR variants. Structural analysis of these complexes reveals conformational changes occur mainly in the phosphate-binding loop (P-loop). Mutation of F723 in the P-loop reduces cooperative binding and synergy, supporting a mechanism in which F723-mediated contacts between the P-loop and the allosteric inhibitor are critical for synergy. These structural and mechanistic insights will aid in the identification and development of additional inhibitor combinations with potential clinical value.
Computer data simulator to assess the accuracy of estimates of visual N2/N2pc event-related potential components (2020)

The present simulator is thought to provide investigators with quantitative guidelines for designing experimental protocols aimed at improving the detection accuracy of N2/N2pc components. The parameters of the simulator can be tuned, adapted, or integrated to fit other ERP modulations.
Real-time measurements of cerebral blood flow, intra- and extravascular oxygen tension during functional activation (2020)

We report real-time simultaneous recordings of cerebral blood flow, intravascular and extravascular oxygen tension in the somatosensory cortex of the rat brain during functional activation using laser speckle contrast imaging and phosphorescence quenching oximetry.
Efficacité du méthotrexate dans la maladie de Horton (2001)

La maladie de Horton est une vascularite dont le traitement initial habituel repose sur des doses de prednisone comprises entre 40 et 60 mg/jour puis une diminution progressive sur deux ans. Cependant, les rechutes sont frequentes necessitant le plus souvent une corticotherapie au long cours. L'utilisation du methotrexate dans des vascularites systemiques comme la maladie de Wegener, la periarterite noueuse ou la maladie de Takayashu a deja ete montree, le plus souvent sur des petites series de patients. Dans la maladie de Horton, un essai randomise sur 42 patients a montre l'efficacite du methotrexate associe a la corticotherapie initiale dans la prevention des rechutes [1]. Apres le diagnostic, tous les patients ont recu 60 mg/jour de prednisone associe a un placebo ou a la prise hebdomadaire de 10 mg de methotrexate qui sera maintenue pendant 2 ans. La corticotherapie, dans les deux bras de traitement, a ete diminuee progressivement jusqu'a l'arret definitif. Le groupe de patients ayant recu la prednisone associee au methotrexate a eu une diminution significative des rechutes (45 % des patients compares a 84 % du groupe placebo associe a la corticotherapie). La dose cumulee administree de corticotherapie est egalement plus faible, de maniere significative, dans le groupe de patients ayant recu du methotrexate. Ceci ne s'est pas accompagne d'une augmentation des effets secondaires dans le groupe traite par methotrexate. Ces resultats suggerent que l'association d'une corticotherapie et d'un traitement par methotrexate est efficace dans le traitement de la maladie de Horton et dans la prevention des rechutes.\rJover J.A., Hernandez-Garcia C., Morado I.C., Vargas E., Banares A., Fernandez-Gutierrez B. 2001. Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone. Ann Intern Med 134 : 106-114.
Improved mask-based CD uniformity for gridded-design-rule lithography (2009)

The difficulties encountered during lithography of state-of-the-art 2D patterns are formidable, and originate from the fact that deep sub-wavelength features are being printed. This results in a practical limit of <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> &ge;0.4 as well as a multitude of complex restrictive design rules, in order to mitigate or minimize lithographic hot spots. An alternative approach, that is gradually attracting the lithographic community's attention, restricts the design of critical layers to straight, dense lines (a 1D grid), that can be relatively easily printed using current lithographic technology. This is then followed by subsequent, less critical trimming stages to obtain circuit functionality. Thus, the 1D gridded approach allows hotspot-free, proximity-effect free lithography of ultra low- <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> features. These advantages must be supported by a stable CD control mechanism. One of the overriding parameters impacting CDU performance is photo mask quality. Previous publications have demonstrated that IntenCD<sup>TM</sup> - a novel, mask-based CDU mapping technology running on Applied Materials' Aera2<sup>TM</sup> aerial imaging mask inspection tool - is ideally fit for detecting mask-based CDU issues in 1D (L&S) patterned masks for memory production. Owing to the aerial nature of image formation, IntenCD directly probes the CD as it is printed on the wafer. In this paper we suggest that IntenCD is naturally fit for detecting mask-based CDU issues in 1D GDR masks. We then study a novel method of recovering and quantifying the physical source of printed CDU, using a novel implementation of the IntenCD technology. We demonstrate that additional, simple measurements, which can be readily performed on board the Aera2<sup>TM</sup> platform with minimal throughput penalty, may complement IntenCD and allow a robust estimation of the specific nature and strength of mask error source, such as pattern width variation or phase variation, which leads to CDU issues on the printed wafer. We finally discuss the roles played by IntenCD in advanced GDR mask production, starting with tight control over mask production process, continuing to mask qualification at mask shop and ending at in-line wafer CDU correction in fabs.
Dr-Vectors: Decision Residual Networks and an Improved Loss for Speaker Recognition (2021)

Many neural network speaker recognition systems model each speaker using a fixed-dimensional embedding vector. These embeddings are generally compared using either linear or 2nd-order scoring and, until recently, do not handle utterance-specific uncertainty. In this work we propose scoring these representations in a way that can capture uncertainty, enroll/test asymmetry and additional non-linear information. This is achieved by incorporating a 2nd-stage neural network (known as a decision network) as part of an end-to-end training regimen. In particular, we propose the concept of decision residual networks which involves the use of a compact decision network to leverage cosine scores and to model the residual signal that's needed. Additionally, we present a modification to the generalized end-to-end softmax loss function to target the separation of same/different speaker scores. We observed significant performance gains for the two techniques.
Evaluating relevant in context (2007)

The Relevant in Context retrieval task is document or article retrieval with a twist, where not only the relevant articles should be retrieved but also the relevant information within each article (captured by a set of XML elements) should be correctly identified. Our main research question is: how to evaluate the Relevant in Context task? We propose a generalized average precision measure that meets two main requirements: i) the score reflects the ranked list of articles inherent in the result list, and at the same time ii) the score also reflects how well the retrieved information per article (i.e., the set of elements) corresponds to the relevant information. The resulting measure was used at INEX 2006.
Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2015 – 2017: Österreichs Wirtschaft überwindet Stagnation (2015)

Mit einem Wirtschaftswachstum von 0.8 % hat die Konjunktur im Jahr 2015 etwas an Fahrt gewonnen. Im nächsten Jahr sollte sich das BIP-Wachstum auf 1.6 % beschleunigen, wobei die Steuerreform den privaten Konsum stützt. Für 2017 wird ebenfalls eine Zunahme um 1.6 % erwartet. Aufgrund des starken Arbeitskräfteangebots wird die Arbeitslosenquote auf 9.5 % bzw. 9.8 % ansteigen, ausgehend von 9.1 % in diesem Jahr.
Comparison Of Scattered Energy Using Point Scatterers Versus Full 3D Finite Difference Modeling (2004)

We present results of 3D numerical modeling using a series of simple point scatterers to create synthetic seismic shot records collected over regular, discrete, vertical fracture systems. The background medium is taken to be constant velocity. The model contains a series of point scatterers delineating the top tip and bottom tip of each vertical fracture. We use these results to gain an understanding of some of the features seen in full 3D elastic modeling of vertical fractures. We compare our results to those of Willis et al (2003) and Willis et al (2004) for their 5 layer model with 50m spacing between discrete, vertical fractures. Our modeling shows that a series of back scattered events with both positive and negative moveouts are observed when the shot record is oriented normal to the direction of fracturing. When the shot record is both located in the middle of the fractured zone and is oriented normal to the direction of fracturing, a complicated series of beating is observed in the back scattered energy. When the shot record is oriented parallel to the fracturing, ringing wavetrains are observed which moveouts similar to reflections from many horizontal layers. The point scattering models are, in general, very consistent with the full 3D elastic modeling results.
Waveguide Manufacturing for AR Displays, Past, Present and Future (2018)

Current AR waveguide fabrication processes, including Surface Relief Gratings (SRG), holographic and cascaded mirrors, are reviewed. We present DigiLens’s Switchable Bragg Grating (SBG) based process, a manufacturing method based on classical holographic contact copy, which today is used for both large and small AR displays including a range of displays suitable for HUD and XR applications.
Use of sulfonated probes for in situ detection of amylase mRNA in formalin-fixed paraffin sections of human pancreas and submaxillary gland. (1987)

A sulfonated probe and its applicability to in situ hybridization is described and discussed. The DNA probes were modified by introducing an antigenic sulfone group into the cytidine residues of the denatured DNA (Budowsky EI, Sverdlov ED, Monastyrkaya GS: New method of selective and rapid modification of the cytidine residues. FEBS Lett 25:201, 1972). Hybridization of the sulfonated DNA with the target nucleic acid sequences was confirmed by an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method using a monoclonal antibody specific to sulfonated DNA. The detection limit of this system was estimated to be about 1.25 pg of actual target sequences by dot blot hybridization analysis. When the sulfonated probes of human amylase cDNA were applied to in situ hybridization immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin sections of the human pancreas and submaxillary gland, hybridization signals were clearly localized in the cytoplasm of the acinar cells of the pancreas, and in the serous cells of the submaxillary gland. Suitable probe lengths for in situ hybridization immunohistochemistry were between 100 and 800 bases. The in situ hybridization technique utilizing a sulfonated DNA probe is sensitive, simple, and easy to perform and applicable to studies of cell biology.
CXCR3-independent actions of the CXC chemokine CXCL10 in the infarcted myocardium and in isolated cardiac fibroblasts are mediated through proteoglycans (2014)

CXCR3 signalling does not critically regulate cardiac remodelling and dysfunction following myocardial infarction. The anti-fibrotic effects of CXCL10 in the healing infarct and in isolated cardiac fibroblasts are CXCR3-independent and may be mediated through proteoglycan signalling. Thus, administration of CXCR3-defective forms of CXCL10 may be an effective anti-fibrotic strategy in the remodelling myocardium without activating a potentially injurious, CXCR3-driven T cell response.
Dynamic characteristics of the push‐pull dc‐dc converter (1986)

Abstract Push‐pull dc‐dc converters are used widely as large‐capacity power supplies for electronic equipment. Previously, the authors have shown that when the transformer magnetizing current in this converter is not negligible, there are six modes of operation determined by the relation between the reactor and the transformer magnetizing currents. They have analyzed the steady‐state characteristics for each mode of operation. This paper considers the analysis of the dynamic characteristics for each mode of operation for small perturbations around the steady‐state operating point. Transfer functions for four of the six modes of operation were derived based on a new model with the ripples of the transformer and the reactor magnetizing currents taken into account; they were shown to be of the first‐order delay system. It turns out that in two of these four modes of operation the reactor current is continuous and by using these modes, a highly stable converter with small output voltage ripple for a relatively large load current can be realized.
Meat, Poultry, and Seafood (2014)

This chapter provides an overall presentation of microbiological issues associated with all muscle foods, which is then followed by individual sections addressing, in sequence, specific spoilage and safety issues and their control for meat, poultry, and seafood. A spoiled food is not necessarily unsafe, if pathogens are absent; therefore, spoilage is considered an economic loss and can lead to loss of consumer confidence. It is important to continuously develop reliable methods for measuring freshness and quality, predicting the shelf life of their products, and for inspection purposes. The most important muscle food safety issues of current worldwide concern are the need to control traditional as well as new, emerging, or evolving pathogens, including those of increased virulence at low infectious doses or resistant to antibiotics or to food processing-associated stresses caused by physical factors (e.g., heat, cold, drying, and radiation) and chemical agents (e.g., acids, salts, and sanitizers). For microbial food safety, the practical issue is whether antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains are of similar or higher resistance to common food-processing treatments compared to sensitive counterparts, as higher resistance of antibiotic-resistant strains is of concern. Decontamination processes are applied to animals and carcasses through a variety of physical and chemical interventions. Additional interventions to help enhance food safety are applied during processing and include heating, chilling, freezing, drying, fermentation, use of chemicals as acidulants or antimicrobials, packaging, proper storage and distribution, and appropriate handling and preparation for consumption.
Influence of Vasopressors on Survival After Traumatic, Intestinal Ischemia and Endotoxin Shock in Rats. (1965)

The effects of norepinephrine, angiotensin and PLV-2 on survival of rats after traumatic, intestinal ischemia and endotoxin shock were compared. Epinephrine and angiotensin did not significantly influence survival in all 3 types of experimental shock. PLV-2 was significantly effective in traumatic and intestinal ischemia shock but not in endotoxemia. In the latter, the possible relationship of time of onset of drug therapy to the course of endotoxin shock was suggested.
HO-3D_v3: Improving the Accuracy of Hand-Object Annotations of the HO-3D\n Dataset (2021)

HO-3D is a dataset providing image sequences of various hand-object\ninteraction scenarios annotated with the 3D pose of the hand and the object and\nwas originally introduced as HO-3D_v2. The annotations were obtained\nautomatically using an optimization method, 'HOnnotate', introduced in the\noriginal paper. HO-3D_v3 provides more accurate annotations for both the hand\nand object poses thus resulting in better estimates of contact regions between\nthe hand and the object. In this report, we elaborate on the improvements to\nthe HOnnotate method and provide evaluations to compare the accuracy of\nHO-3D_v2 and HO-3D_v3. HO-3D_v3 results in 4mm higher accuracy compared to\nHO-3D_v2 for hand poses while exhibiting higher contact regions with the object\nsurface.\n
Highly Sensitive and Fast Anion-Selective InN Quantum Dot Electrochemical Sensors (2013)

Epitaxial InN quantum dots (QDs) are demonstrated as ion-selective electrode for potentiometric anion concentration measurements. The sensor reveals high sensitivity above 90 mV/decade for the detection of chlorine and hydroxyl ions in sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. The response time is less than two seconds after which the signal is very stable and repeatable. The sensitivity for the InN QDs is about two times that for a reference InN thin film and the response time is about five times shorter. In pH buffer solutions the sensor reveals no clear response to cations. A model is presented for the high sensitivity, fast response, and ion selectivity based on the unique electronic properties of the InN surface together with the zero-dimensional nature of the QDs. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.
Experimental demonstration of high-throughput low-latency mobile fronthaul supporting 48 20-MHz LTE signals with 59-Gb/s CPRI-equivalent rate and 2-&#x03BC;s processing latency (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate the transmission of 48 20-MHz LTE signals with a CPRI-equivalent data rate of 59 Gb/s, achieving a low round-trip digital-signal-processing latency of <2 μs and a low mean error-vector magnitude of ∼2.5 % after fiber transmission.