gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for Toll-like receptors in acquired immunity: up-regulation of TLR9 by BCR triggering in naive B cells and constitutive expression in memory B cells (2003)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that trigger innate immunity. In this study we investigated the expression of 10 TLRs in human naive and memory B-cell subsets. We report that in human naive B cells most TLRs are expressed at low to undetectable levels, but the expression of TLR9 and TLR10 is rapidly induced following B-cell-receptor (BCR) triggering. In contrast, memory B cells express several TLRs at constitutively high levels. The differential expression of TLR9 correlates with responsiveness to its agonist, CpG DNA. Thus, human memory B cells proliferate and differentiate to immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells in response to CpG, while naive B do so only if simultaneously triggered through the BCR. The BCR-induced expression of TLRs in human naive B cells prevents polyclonal activation in a primary response, because it restricts stimulation to antigen-specific B cells. In contrast, the constitutive expression of TLRs in memory B cells allows polyclonal activation of the entire memory pool. Thus, in human B cells TLRs are downstream of BCR and play a role both in the primary response and in the memory phase.
Hexylether Derivative of Pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) on Conjugating with 3Gadolinium(III) Aminobenzyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Shows Potential for in Vivo Tumor Imaging (MR, Fluorescence) and Photodynamic Therapy (2010)

Conjugates of 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) with multiple Gd(III)aminobenzyl diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid (ADTPA) moieties were evaluated for tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo studies performed in both mice and rat tumor models resulted in a significant MR signal enhancement of tumors relative to surrounding tissues at 24 h postinjection. The water-soluble (pH: 7.4) HPPH-3Gd(III) ADTPA conjugate demonstrated high potential for tumor imaging by MR and fluorescence. This agent also produced long-term tumor cures via PDT. An in vivo biodistribution study with the corresponding (14)C-analogue also showed significant tumor uptake 24 h postinjection. Toxicological evaluations of HPHH-3Gd(III)ADTPA administered at and above imaging/therapeutic doses did not show any evidence of organ toxicity. Our present study illustrates a novel approach for the development of water-soluble "multifunctional agents", demonstrating efficacy for tumor imaging (MR and fluorescence) and phototherapy.
A modeling framework for second law analysis of low-temperature combustion engines (2014)

Low-temperature combustion has shown the potential to provide solutions for future clean and efficient powertrain systems. Traditional approaches using the first law of thermodynamics have been established for describing energy flows within engine systems and comparing losses between low-temperature and traditional combustion modes. An augmented approach, using the second law of thermodynamics, can be utilized to gain insight into the exergy flows within the system and thus identify areas of irreversibilities and inefficiencies. The present article aims at introducing the required framework for the second law analysis of low-temperature combustion concepts and demonstrating its application to boosted homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. The framework consists of a combination of the first law and second law expressions combined with the University of Michigan homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion model and was applied on a modeled light-duty four-cylinder boosted homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. It was found that combustion irreversibilities in homogeneous charge compression ignition were ∼25% more than traditional spark ignition or diesel engines and increased with dilution. On the other hand, exergy transfer to the walls was reduced with low-temperature combustion. It was also found that the combination of negative valve overlap and turbocharging is not beneficial for high-load operation. Exergy analysis of the exhaust system revealed that turbine useful work was lower than 50% of exergy at the exhaust ports and indicated that boosting performance may be improved by manipulating exergy transfer in the exhaust manifold. Results from the present study are focused on boosted homogeneous charge compression ignition, but the conclusions reached are applicable to other low-temperature combustion concepts as well.
라미네이션 공정으로 제조된 멀티칩 모듈 기판의 열적 - 기계적 응력 해석 (1998)

Thermo-mechanical stress in MCM-D substrate is an important reliability and fabrication issue. The difference in coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) between substrate, polymer, and metal leads to complicated stress fields in multilevel interconnect structures. This study uses materials set representative of typical MCM-D technology to monitor the stress level in the thin film layers of polymer. A Kapton PI film is bonded to a substrate with heat and pressure using a thin layer of Ultem 1000 thermoplastic or Coverlay thermosetting adhesive. Mechanical test structures consist of single or multilayer polymer films are fabricated on silicon wafers. The substrate deflection caused by composite stresses due to fabrication and thermal cycling is determined by a curvature measurement technique. Initial stress or bending is intrinsic but becomes extrinsic upon thermal cycling. The composite stress or bending in multilayer structures is due to a contribution from each individual layer. In a thermo-mechanical stress viewpoint, Ultem 1000 thermoplastic and the epoxy thermosetting adhesive exhibit quite different behaviors. While the epoxy thermosetting adhesive exhibits an ideal elastic behavior predicted from the elastic analysis, the total thermo-mechanical stress tends to decrease when Ultem thermoplastic is used as an adhesive. It seems that this relaxation effect of Ultem thermoplastic is due to the self-relaxation nature of thermoplastic materials themselves, while the ideal elastic behavior of the epoxy thermosetting is due to the heavily crosslinked structure of thermosetting materials. A simpler model which predicts a stress contribution from each individual layer during MCM-D substrate fabrication is proposed and verified.
Cationic Cell-Penetrating Peptides Are Potent Furin Inhibitors (2015)

Cationic cell-penetrating peptides have been widely used to enhance the intracellular delivery of various types of cargoes, such as drugs and proteins. These reagents are chemically similar to the multi-basic peptides that are known to be potent proprotein convertase inhibitors. Here, we report that both HIV-1 TAT47-57 peptide and the Chariot reagent are micromolar inhibitors of furin activity in vitro. In agreement, HIV-1 TAT47-57 reduced HT1080 cell migration, thought to be mediated by proprotein convertases, by 25%. In addition, cyclic polyarginine peptides containing hydrophobic moieties which have been previously used as transfection reagents also exhibited potent furin inhibition in vitro and also inhibited intracellular convertases. Our finding that cationic cell-penetrating peptides exert potent effects on cellular convertase activity should be taken into account when biological effects are assessed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE STFT ALGORITHM FOR LFM SIGNALS (2015)

Normally Time-Frequency analysis is done by sliding a window through the time domain data and computing the Fourier Transform of the data within the window. The choice of the window length determines whether specular or resonant information will be emphasized. A narrow window will isolate specular reflections but will not be wide enough to accommodate the slowly varying global resonances; a wide window cannot temporally separate resonance and specular information. So we will adapt window length according to changes in frequencies. In this case we are realizing the specifications of Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signal.
Multiple Bonds Between Main-Group Elements and Transition Metals, CLXIV. Alkylrhenium(VI) Oxides-Synthesis and Characterization (1997)

Most alkylrhenium(VII) oxides, e.g. ((cyclo)-C3H5)Re03 (2) are rather sensitive to temperature and moisture with the prominent exception of methyltrioxorhenium (1). The corresponding alkylrhenium(VI) oxides of formula [RR′(O)- Re(μ-O)]2 [RR′(cyclo)-C3H5 (3), iPr (4); RCH3, R′C2H5 (5), RCH3, R′iPr (6)] are much more stable in this regard. They can be handled in air at room temperature. They were synthesized from Re207 and dialkylzinc precursors, fully characterized and are available in much higher yields than their ReVII congeners. Mixed tetraalkyltetraoxodirhenium(VI) complexes (R # R′) synthesized from 1 and dialkylzinc compounds form as a mixture of cis/trans isomers. They are oily liquids at room temperature. The ReO and Re-Re stretching force constants as a measure of the bond strengths, were determined from IR and Raman data.
An Open-Label Trial of Sildenafil Addition in Risperidone-Treated Male Schizophrenia Patients With Erectile Dysfunction (2004)

Sildenafil is a useful agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in risperidone-treated male schizophrenia patients.
Improved Quantum Theory of Many-Electron Systems. V. The Spin-Coupling Optimized GI Method (1969)

The previously developed GI methods have an arbitrary aspect since they are based on a particular representation of the symmetric group. Here we remove this arbitrariness by optimizing the representation, that is, optimizing the spin-coupling scheme simultaneously with the optimization of the orbitals. The resulting wavefunctions, called the spin-coupling optimized GI or SOGI wavefunctions, have all of the general properties of GI wavefunctions including the independent particle interpretation and are found as the solutions to a set of coupled differential equations which differ from the GI equations only in that the equations are constructed from a different representation of the symmetric group. We have applied this method to the ground state and some excited states of Li, to the ground states of Be+ and B++ and to the ground state of LiH. In each of these cases, we found that the SOGI wavefunction was only slightly different from the G1 wavefunction and led to very similar energies and other spatial properties. For the spin density at the nucleus, however, SOGI led to much better results. In order to illustrate the effects of spatial symmetry on the SOGI orbitals, we examined the lowest B1g1, A2g3, and Eu3 states of square H4 and the Σu+2 state of linear symmetrical H3. We find that in three of these cases optimization of the spin representation is crucial to providing an adequate description of the state. To investigate how the SOGI method would describe chemical reactions, the SOGI wavefunctions were computed for several other nuclear configurations of the H3 system along the reaction path. These calculations showed that the spin coupling changed significantly during the reaction H2 + H⇆H + H2 and that the variation of the SOGI orbitals provides a clear description of the changes in bonding which occur during this reaction.
Mitigating the Passing Word Line Induced Soft Errors in Saddle Fin DRAM (2020)

In this article, a novel technique using the work-function (WF) engineering of passing word line (PWL) has been proposed to mitigate zero-failure in SaddleFin-Recessed-Channel-Access-Transistor (S-RCAT). The zero-failure caused by the hammered access [i.e., row hammer (RH)] of PWL is shown to be due to the interference between the PWL and the adjacent storage node (SN). We propose a localized introduction of a high WF PWL to minimize the interference between the PWL and the SN significantly. Using TCAD 3-D process simulations, we analyze the mechanism of PWL hammer-induced zero-failure. We show that a high WF PWL reduces the electron current density by 92% near the shallow-trench-isolation (STI) during the accessing of PWL. The lesser electron density near STI isolates the SN potential to rise due to the hammered access of PWL, which results in the improvement of 77% in zerofailure mitigation. The introduction of high WF PWL does not have any substantial effect on active access transistor characteristics (ION, SS, and VT). The results obtained in this article demonstrate the potential of using localized high WF PWL in S-RCAT to mitigate the zero-failure in the future dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM) technology.
Inducible overexpression and secretion of int-1 protein. (1989)

The int-1 proto-oncogene is a target for insertional activation of transcription by mouse mammary tumor virus in many murine mammary tumors. Whereas no expression of int-1 is seen in normal mammary tissue, int-1 RNA can be detected in normal mice in the neural tubes of midgestation embryos and in postmeiotic spermatocytes from adult testes. I report here the results of a study in which several different antibodies against synthetic peptides were produced and used to characterize the processing and secretion of int-1 protein. CHO cells were transfected with an inducible int-1 expression vector that was subsequently amplified to generate cell lines expressing very high levels of int-1 protein. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]cysteine-labeled cell lysates from these CHO cells yielded large amounts of four immature forms of int-1 glycoprotein (molecular weights of 36,000, 38,000, 40,000, and 42,000). A significant fraction of these int-1 species formed disulfide-linked multimers. Pulse-chase and glycosidase digestion studies demonstrated that some of the immature species of int-1 protein move through the secretory pathway and are processed to a mature heterogeneous glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 44,000. Suramin treatment of the CHO cells during pulse-chase experiments increased the amount of 44,000-molecular-weight int-1 protein in the culture medium.
Ionic liquids for improved liquid-liquid extraction processes (2011)

Ionic liquids exhibit, in general, a very interesting set of properties for their use as solvents. In particular, they look promising in the development of improved liquid-liquid extraction processes. This presentation will show results on the use of several ionic liquids for diverse applications by solvent extraction: concentration of essential oils of plants, separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, desulfurisation of fuels, and removal of metals from petroleum. These separation problems have been modelled by means of ternary systems, and the liquid-liquid equilibrium data for these systems have been determined. The results allow for an analysis of the suitability of the ionic liquids as extracting solvents in the applications suggested. Since several ionic liquids have been tried, an initial identification of desirable ions or structural features in the ionic liquid can also be made, in order to optimise the choice for a practical separation process.
Analysis of Albumin-Associated Peptides and Proteins from Ovarian Cancer Patients (2005)

Carrier-protein harvesting provides a rich source of candidate peptides and proteins with potential diverse tissue and cellular origins that may reflect important disease-related information.
Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (2012)

RYGB normalizes the serum testosterone level. PSA levels increase with weight loss and may be inversely correlated with changes in plasma volume, indicating that PSA levels may be artificially low in obese men owing to haemodilution.
Enhancement and Restoration of Digital Documents: Statistical Design of Nonlinear Algorithms (1997)

This volume addresses the field of digital document enhancement and restoration as it is implemented in these settings. Among the areas covered are the language and working definitions of the field, current industry practices, the document image class, logic-based image processing within that setting, and algorithms for performing enhancement and restoration of digital documents.
VT-1161 Protects Immunosuppressed Mice from Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus Infection (2015)

We studied the efficacy of the investigational drug VT-1161 against mucormycosis. VT-1161 had more potent in vitro activity against Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus than against R. arrhizus var. delemar. VT-1161 treatment demonstrated dose-dependent plasma drug levels with prolonged survival time and lowered tissue fungal burden in immunosuppressed mice infected with R. arrhizus var. arrhizus and was as effective as high-dose liposomal amphotericin B treatment. These results support further development of VT-1161 against mucormycosis.
Preprocedural Imaging in Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries Facilitates Placement of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Leads (2013)

Placement of biventricular leads for CRT in patients with l-TGA or d-TGA is feasible. Preprocedural imaging of the CS allows for better assessment of its anatomy and helps determine procedural approach for CRT placement, thereby limiting unnecessary procedures. In the majority of patients, there was subjective improvement in functional status and right ventricular function; in addition, there was objective improvement in echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular function after CRT placement.
A burn-in tolerant dynamic circuit technique (2003)

Time, cost and efficiency of burn-in test are severely impacted by the required functionality of leaky sub-130 nm dynamic circuits during the burn-in. In this paper, we present an efficient keeper technique, which is active during the burn-in, and inactive at normal operating condition. As a consequence, dynamic circuits remain functional at burn-in without relaxing the maximum burn-in condition, and without any significant performance degradation at normal operating conditions. Compared to the conventional technique, and at the same level of burn-in robustness, up to 17% higher performance has been observed at normal operating condition across 2-to-6 way dynamic gates in a projected 100 nm technology.
The Use of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Scan in the Evaluation of a Patient with Carney Complex (2008)

A 32-yr-old woman presented with clinical hypercortisolism, including a 30-lb weight gain, central obesity, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, and hypertension with hypokalemia. The patient reported easy bruisability, and her surgical history included bilateral breast fibrous adenomas within a myxoid stroma. Labs: K+ 2.9 mmol/liter, 0800-h cortisol 33 μg/dl; 1600-h cortisol 35 μg/dl; and 24-h urine-free cortisol 175 μg. An adrenal computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral nodularity; a positron emission tomography (PET)-CT demonstrated F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in both adrenals (Fig. 1​1 and 2​2).). The patient underwent a two-stage laparoscopic adrenal resection. Pathology revealed primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) (Fig. 3​3).



Figure 1

F18 fluorodeoxyglucose avid adrenal glands, transverse section, adrenal glands at white arrows. Standardized Uptake Values (SUV):Liver-3.0(range 2.75–3.4), left adrenal-4.45, right adrenal-3.54.





Figure 2

F18 fluorodeoxyglucose avid adrenal glands, coronal section, adrenal glands at white arrows. Standardized Uptake Values (SUV):Liver-3.0(range 2.75–3.4), left adrenal-4.45, right adrenal-3.54.





Figure 3

Left adrenal gland; the white arrows point to pigmented areas of the nodular cells (lipofuscin granules). Magnification 40×.



Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome associated with hyperfunctioning pituitary, gonads and/or adrenals with hypercortisolism being the most common endocrine finding (1). The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome may be elusive: sometimes, abnormal cortisol secretion can only be demonstrated after a dexamethasone-induced stimulation (2), and adrenal CT can be equivocal (3). PET scan of the adrenals has been used to detect cancers, but PET imaging alone may be ambiguous, and the diagnostic capability is increased with PET-CT, allowing for simultaneous anatomical and functional evaluation of adrenal lesions (4).

The presence of breast myxomas, PPNAD, and a PRKAR1A mutation confirmed the diagnosis of CNC in our patient; genetic analysis demonstrated a mutation of the PRKAR1A gene (IVS1–2 A>G), which has been shown before to cause PPNAD and CNC (5). The patient’s only child, a daughter, carries the same PRKAR1A mutation.

This is, to our knowledge, the first report of PET-CT imaging of the adrenal glands in PPNAD. PET-CT imaging may be useful in the evaluation of patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. Apparently, not all F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid adrenal glands contain malignancies.
Characterization of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers and Their Complexes with Cu2+ by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 2−4 (Gn-OH, n = 2, 3, and 4; Mr ∼ 3.7, 6.9, and 14.3 kDa, respectively) and dendrimers encapsulating Cu2+ ions have been investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) and 2‘,4‘,6‘-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) were used as the matrices for dendrimers with and without Cu2+ in the interior. The MALDI-TOF results provide accurate molecular weight determinations of all dendrimers and some multiple copper complexes of G2-OH and G3-OH (accuracy <0.01%). More importantly, this approach provides direct characterization of multiple-cation adducts and quantitative evaluation of the complexing capacity of dendrimers hosting transition-metal ions. The results are used to determine dendrimer structure and evaluate polydispersity.
Self-expanding apical closure device for full-percutaneous closed-chest transapical valve procedures with large-sized introducer sheaths: first study in an animal model (2019)

In this animal model, self-expanding closure devices sealed 21-Fr large percutaneous apical accesses without acute tamponade, thrombosis or embolization. Further tests to evaluate full-percutaneous closed-chest apical procedures are required.
Silicon photonic crystal microarrays for high throughput label-free detection of lung cancer cell line lysates with sensitivity and specificity (2013)

Detection of biomolecules on microarrays based on label-free on-chip optical biosensors is very attractive since this format avoids complex chemistries caused by steric hindrance of labels. Application areas include the detection of cancers and allergens, and food-borne pathogens to name a few. We have demonstrated photonic crystal microcavity biosensors with high sensitivity down to 1pM concentrations (67pg/ml). High sensitivities were achieved by slow light engineering which reduced the radiation loss and increased the stored energy in the photonic crystal microcavity resonance mode. Resonances with high quality factor Q~26,760 in liquid ambient, coupled with larger optical mode volumes allowed enhanced interaction with the analyte biomolecules which resulted in sensitivities down to 10 cells per micro-liter to lung cancer cell lysates. The specificity of detection was ensured by multiplexed detections from multiple photonic crystal microcavities arrayed on the arms of a multimode interference power splitter. Specific binding interactions and control experiments were performed simultaneously at the same instant of time with the same 60 microliter sample volume. Specificity is further ensured by sandwich assay methods in the multiplexed experiment. Sandwich assay based amplification increased the sensitivity further resulting in the detection of lung cancer cell lysates down to concentrations of 2 cells per micro-liter. The miniaturization enabled by photonic crystal biosensors coupled with waveguide interconnected layout thus offers the potential of high throughput proteomics with high sensitivity and specificity.