gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Capacity Electric Double Layer Capacitor Using Three-Dimensional Porous Current Collector (2007)

A three-dimensional porous current collector made of a nickel-chromium alloy was developed based on foamed polyurethane. The foam-type substrate exhibited a high tolerance at high voltages in nonaqueous electrochemical systems. The electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) using the foam-type substrate exhibited stable charge/discharge behavior and showed a superior high-rate discharge capability as compared to an EDLC using the conventional aluminum foil. Furthermore, impedance analysis revealed an improved current collecting ability for the foam-type substrate. To improve the performance of EDLCs, a methodology that uses a three-dimensional current collector was described.
Design, Optimization, and Study of Small Molecules That Target Tau Pre-mRNA and Affect Splicing (2020)

Approximately 95% of human genes are alternatively spliced, and aberrant splicing events can cause disease. One pre-mRNA that is alternatively spliced and linked to neurodegenerative diseases is tau (microtubule-associated protein tau), which can cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) and can contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Here, we describe the design of structure-specific lead small molecules that directly target tau pre-mRNA from sequence. This was followed by hit expansion and analogue synthesis to further improve upon these initial lead molecules. The emergent compounds were assessed for functional activity in a battery of assays, including binding assays and an assay that mimics molecular recognition of tau pre-mRNA by a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) splicing factor. Compounds that emerged from these studies had enhanced potency and selectivity for the target RNA relative to the initial hits, while also having significantly improved drug-like properties. The compounds are shown to directly target tau pre-mRNA in cells, via chemical cross-linking and isolation by pull-down target profiling, and to rescue disease-relevant splicing of tau pre-mRNA in a variety of cellular systems, including primary neurons. More broadly, this study shows that lead, structure-specific compounds can be designed from sequence and then further optimized for their physicochemical properties while at the same time enhancing their activity.
Auxora Vs. Placebo for the Treatment of Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2022)

Abstract Background: Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel inhibitors block proinflammatory cytokine release, preserve endothelial integrity and may effectively treat patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: CARDEA was a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the addition of Auxora, a CRAC channel inhibitor, to corticosteroids and standard of care in adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The primary endpoint was time to recovery through Day 60, with secondary endpoints of all-cause mortality at Day 60 and Day 30. Due to declining rates of COVID-19 hospitalizations and encroachment of prohibited medications as standard of care, the trial was stopped early. Results: The pre-specified efficacy set consisted of the 261 patients with a baseline imputed PaO 2 /FiO 2 £200 with 130 and 131 in the Auxora and placebo groups, respectively. Time to recovery was 7 vs. 10 days ( P =0.0979) for patients who received Auxora vs. placebo, respectively. The all-cause mortality rate at Day 60 was 13.8% with Auxora vs. 20.6% with placebo ( P =0.1449); Day 30 all-cause mortality was 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively ( P =0.0165). Similar trends were noted in patients on high flow nasal cannula at baseline or those with a baseline imputed PaO 2 /FiO 2 ≤100. Serious adverse events occurred less frequently in patients treated with Auxora vs. placebo. Conclusions: Auxora was safe and well tolerated with strong signals in both time to recovery and all-cause mortality through Day 60 in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies of Auxora in combination with corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory agents are warranted. Trial registration: NCT04345614
Device considerations for development of conductance-based biosensors (2009)

Design and fabrication of electronic biosensors based on field-effect-transistor (FET) devices require understanding of interactions between semiconductor surfaces and organic biomolecules. From this perspective, we review practical considerations for electronic biosensors with emphasis on molecular passivation effects on FET device characteristics upon immobilization of organic molecules and an electrostatic model for FET-based biosensors.
Triazolopyrimidines and Imidazopyridines: Structure–Activity Relationships and in Vivo Efficacy for Trypanosomiasis (2018)

Better therapeutics are greatly needed to treat patients infected with trypanosomatid parasites such as <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> or <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>. This report describes 28 new imidazopyridines and triazolopyrimidines with potent and selective antitrypanosomal activity. Drug-like properties were demonstrated in a number of in vitro assays. In vivo efficacy was observed for <b>19</b> and <b>20</b> in acute mouse models of <i>T. cruzi</i> infection. Compounds <b>19</b> and <b>20</b> represent potential leads for new anti-Chagas disease drugs.
Characterizing cloud computing hardware reliability (2010)

Modern day datacenters host hundreds of thousands of servers that coordinate tasks in order to deliver highly available cloud computing services. These servers consist of multiple hard disks, memory modules, network cards, processors etc., each of which while carefully engineered are capable of failing. While the probability of seeing any such failure in the lifetime (typically 3-5 years in industry) of a server can be somewhat small, these numbers get magnified across all devices hosted in a datacenter. At such a large scale, hardware component failure is the norm rather than an exception.Hardware failure can lead to a degradation in performance to end-users and can result in losses to the business. A sound understanding of the numbers as well as the causes behind these failures helps improve operational experience by not only allowing us to be better equipped to tolerate failures but also to bring down the hardware cost through engineering, directly leading to a saving for the company. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to study server failures and hardware repairs for large datacenters. We present a detailed analysis of failure characteristics as well as a preliminary analysis on failure predictors. We hope that the results presented in this paper will serve as motivation to foster further research in this area.
Multiplexed nanoplasmonic biosensor for one-step simultaneous detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine (2017)

Development of rapid and multiplexed diagnostic tools is a top priority to address the current epidemic problem of sexually transmitted diseases. Here we introduce a novel nanoplasmonic biosensor for simultaneous detection of the two most common bacterial infections: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Our plasmonic microarray is composed of gold nanohole sensor arrays that exhibit the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), providing highly sensitive analysis in a label-free configuration. The integration in a microfluidic system and the precise immobilization of specific antibodies on the individual sensor arrays allow for selective detection and quantification of the bacteria in real-time. We achieved outstanding sensitivities for direct immunoassay of urine samples, with a limit of detection of 300 colony forming units (CFU)/mL for C. trachomatis and 1500CFU/mL for N. gonorrhoeae. The multiplexing capability of our biosensor was demonstrated by analyzing different urine samples spiked with either C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae, and also containing both bacteria. We could successfully detect, identify and quantify the levels of the two bacteria in a one-step assay, without the need for DNA extraction or amplification techniques. This work opens up new possibilities for the implementation of point-of-care biosensors that enable fast, simple and efficient diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections.
Contribution of clinical screening to carrier detection in a large Chinese family with fabry disease due to a novel alpha‐galactosidase A gene deletion (2007)

Diagnosis of heterozygous Fabry patients is difficult because of its variable clinical manifestations and overlapping serum alpha-galactosidase A (AGA) activity between carriers and non-carriers. We tried to facilitate diagnosis of heterozygous Fabry patients by detailed clinical examination. We analyzed clinical presentations, biochemical, electrophysiological and genetic characteristics of 16 patients with Fabry disease in a large Chinese family. Male patients demonstrated significantly higher pain scores, poorer renal function, and higher frequency of hypohidrosis and corpora angiokeratomas than female patients. Interestingly, all the males and females had corneal verticilata by slit lamp examination. However, there was no association of serum AGA activity with renal function or pain symptom scores. The results indicated that detailed ocular and neurological examination might provide an alternative way of detecting heterozygous patients. We also report a novel large deletion spanning across the joint of Alu repetitive elements in introns 1 and 2 with resultant exon 2 deletion in a Chinese family with Fabry disease.
Hydrophobic Treatment Enabling Analysis of Wettable Surfaces Using a Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry System (2010)

An aerosol application procedure involving one or more commercially available silicone-based products was developed to create hydrophobic surfaces that enable analysis of otherwise wettable, absorbent surfaces using a liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system. The treatment process resulted in a hydrophobic surface that enabled formation of the requisite probe-to-surface liquid microjunction for sampling and allowed efficient extraction of the analytes from the surface, but did not contribute significant chemical background in the mass spectra. The utility of this treatment process was demonstrated with the treatment of wettable high-performance thin layer chromatography plates, post-plate development, and their subsequent analysis with the sampling probe. The surface treatment process for different surface types was described and explained and the effectiveness of the treatment and subsequent analysis was illustrated using alkaloids from goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) root separated on a normal phase silica gel 60 F(254S) plate and peptides from protein tryptic digests separated on a ProteoChrom HPTLC Silica gel 60 F(254S) plate and a ProteoChrom HPTLC Cellulose sheet. This simple surface treatment process significantly expands the analytical surfaces that can be analyzed with the liquid microjunction surface sampling probe, and therefore, also expands the analytical utility of this liquid extraction based surface sampling approach.
On Purely Automated Attacks and Click-Based Graphical Passwords (2008)

We present and evaluate various methods for purely automated attacks against click-based graphical passwords. Our purely automated methods combine click-order heuristics with focus-of-attention scan-paths generated from a computational model of visual attention. Our method results in a significantly better automated attack than previous work, guessing 8-15% of passwords for two representative images using dictionaries of less than 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24.6</sup> entries, and about 16% of passwords on each of these images using dictionaries of less than 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31.4</sup> entries (where the full password space is 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">43</sup> ). Relaxing our click-order pattern substantially increased the efficacy of our attack albeit with larger dictionaries of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">34.7</sup> entries, allowing attacks that guessed 48-54% of passwords (compared to previous results of 0.9% and 9.1% on the same two images with 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> guesses). These latter automated attacks are independent of focus-of-attention models, and are based on image-independent guessing patterns. Our results show that automated attacks, which are easier to arrange than human-seeded attacks and are more scalable to systems that use multiple images, pose a significant threat.
Fibrillazione atriale: ablazione transcatetere anche negli anziani? (2013)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the arrhythmic epidemics of the 21st century. It is not only the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in daily clinical practice, but it is associated as well with high cardiac morbidity and mortality. Its incidence increases exponentially with aging, with about 10% of the population over 80 years old being affected. Pharmacological treatment of AF in the elderly deals with several issues related to differences in the mechanisms underlying this arrhythmia and pharmacokinetics, and to the anatomical and electrical remodeling associated with aging. Catheter ablation of AF might represent a good therapeutic option in this patient population, since it is conceived to cure patients from this arrhythmia and it is not associated with the common side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. The aim of this brief review is to summarize the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of AF in geriatric age, trying to balance the natural enthusiasm of cardiac electrophysiologists with some expected skepticism of geriatricians.
Λc+ Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02  TeV at the LHC (2021)

The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (Mammalian Bombesin) Gene Expression in Health and Disease (1989)

In recent years much attention has been focused on gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian homologue of bombesin, both as a neuroregulatory hormone and as a tissue-specific growth factor in normal and neoplastic tissues. This paper will analyze the distribution and role of GRP in normal mammalian tissues and examine the potential involvement of GRP in diverse pathologic processes.
Identification by STS PCR screening of a microdeletion in Xp21.3-22.1 associated with non-specific mental retardation (1996)

X-linked non-specific mental retardation (MRX) is a heterogeneous condition in which mental retardation (MR) appears to be the only consistent manifestation. The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity exclude any possibility of pooling families and, therefore, of fine-mapping the related disease genes. In order to identify genomic critical regions involved in the MRX condition assigned to Xp21.3-22.1 region, we have implemented the PCR screening of non fragile X MR patients for the presence of deletions in this region. The amplification by PCR of 12 markers located between POLA and DXS704 using genomic DNA from 192 MR males led to the identification, in a 9 year old mentally retarded boy, of a microdeletion which extends from DXS1202 to DXS1065. None of the known genes, POLA, MAGE genes cluster, DAX1, GK and DMD, that map in the Xp21.3-22.1 region is affected by this deletion. This approach, which could easily be applied to several other MRX loci, allowed not only a confirmation of the presence of a potential locus in Xp21.3-22.1 involved in non-specific mental retardation, but also a better definition of the genomic critical region corresponding to this locus.
A local positioning system based on VHF band (2016)

In this paper, we propose a local positioning system which can provide accurate position estimation using VHF band. The proposed system has much higher accuracy than GPS system using wide bandwidth, low RF frequency. While the GPS uses time information to calculate time of arrival between the transmitter and the receiver, the local positioning system only uses time difference information of arrival among the transmitted signals. Also, we transmits modified direct spread sequence spectrum signal to improve position estimation accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed local positioning system can provide accurate position information within 0.3m.
Oxidation, carburization and/or sulfidation resistant iron aluminide alloy (2023)

The invention relates generally to aluminum containing iron-base alloys useful as electrical resistance heating elements. The aluminum containing iron-base alloys have improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The alloy has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and includes, in weight %, over 4% Al, .ltoreq.1% Cr and either .gtoreq.0.05% Zr or Zro.sub.2 stringers extending perpendicular to an exposed surface of the heating element or .gtoreq.0.1% oxide dispersoid particles. The alloy can contain 14-32% Al, .ltoreq.2% Ti, .ltoreq.2% Mo, .ltoreq.1% Zr, .ltoreq.1% C, .ltoreq.0.1% B. .ltoreq.30% oxide dispersoid and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, .ltoreq.1% rare earth metal, .ltoreq.1% oxygen, .ltoreq.3% Cu, balance Fe.
Sustaining the graft-versus-tumor effect through posttransplant immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–producing tumor vaccines (2000)

For many cancers, autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) achieves a minimal residual disease state, yet relapse rates remain high. Using a syngeneic murine bone marrow transplant model, we demonstrate that vaccination with irradiated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–producing autologous tumor cells is effective in the post-BMT period and actually results in a greater tumor-free survival than vaccination in the nontransplant setting. Employing T cells specific for a model tumor-antigen, we find that transplantation of the tumor-bearing host results in a massive expansion and activation of tumor-specific T cells in the early posttransplant period, but this response rapidly declines in association with tumor progression. Immunization with irradiated GM-CSF tumor cells during the period of immune reconstitution results in the sustained amplification and activation of this response that closely correlates with freedom from relapse. These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating GM-CSF vaccines in the postautologous BMT setting and suggest mechanisms that may contribute to the observed efficacy of immunization during the critical period of immune reconstitution.
A 5.6GHz 64kB Dual-Read Data Cache for the POWER6TM Processor (2006)

A dual-read 8-way set-associative data cache comprising four 16kB SRAMs and 2 set-prediction macros per P0WER6 core is presented. The array utilizes a 0.75μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> butted-junction split-word line 6T cell in 65nm SOI. The design features dual power supplies, unidirectional polysilicon, and hierarchical undamped bit lines for enhanced cell stability and performance
Interpretable-AI Policies using Evolutionary Nonlinear Decision Trees for Discrete Action Systems. (2020)

Black-box artificial intelligence (AI) induction methods such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL) are increasingly being used to find optimal policies for a given control task. Although policies represented using a black-box AI are capable of efficiently executing the underlying control task and achieving optimal closed-loop performance -- controlling the agent from initial time step until the successful termination of an episode, the developed control rules are often complex and neither interpretable nor explainable. In this paper, we use a recently proposed nonlinear decision-tree (NLDT) approach to find a hierarchical set of control rules in an attempt to maximize the open-loop performance for approximating and explaining the pre-trained black-box DRL (oracle) agent using the labelled state-action dataset. Recent advances in nonlinear optimization approaches using evolutionary computation facilitates finding a hierarchical set of nonlinear control rules as a function of state variables using a computationally fast bilevel optimization procedure at each node of the proposed NLDT. Additionally, we propose a re-optimization procedure for enhancing closed-loop performance of an already derived NLDT. We evaluate our proposed methodologies on four different control problems having two to four discrete actions. In all these problems our proposed approach is able to find simple and interpretable rules involving one to four non-linear terms per rule, while simultaneously achieving on par closed-loop performance when compared to a trained black-box DRL agent. The obtained results are inspiring as they suggest the replacement of complicated black-box DRL policies involving thousands of parameters (making them non-interpretable) with simple interpretable policies. Results are encouraging and motivating to pursue further applications of proposed approach in solving more complex control tasks.
Microelectromechanical structures for materials research. Materials Research Society symposium proceedings Volume 518 (1998)

Topics include: measuring crack growth, small-scale inelastic behavior, and thin-film behavior; and characterization of materials that either cannot be produced or do not exist macroscopically--thin films, coating and nanomaterials.
Bayesian estimation of simultaneous musical notes based on frequency domain modelling (2004)

The paper proposes a Bayesian method for polyphonic music description. The method first divides an input audio signal into a series of sections called snapshots, and then estimates parameters such as fundamental frequencies and amplitudes of the notes contained in each snapshot. The parameter estimation process is based on a frequency domain modelling and Gibbs sampling. Experimental results obtained from audio signals of test note patterns are encouraging; the accuracy is better than 80% for the estimation of fundamental frequencies in terms of semitones and instrument names when the number of simultaneous notes is two.
Impacts of Fluorine on the Electrochemical Properties of Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 and Li[Li0.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55] O2 (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.