gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and rearrangements of spiro-fused dihydroisoquinolones (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSyntheses and rearrangements of spiro-fused dihydroisoquinolonesJahangir, Lawrence E. Fisher, Robin D. Clark, and Joseph M. MuchowskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 12, 2992–2996Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00273a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views572Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (595 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxysterol Signatures Distinguish Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Physiologic Aging (2018)

Macrophage aging is pathogenic in numerous diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in older adults. Although prior studies have explored the functional consequences of macrophage aging, less is known about its cellular basis or what defines the transition from physiologic aging to disease. Here, we show that despite their frequent self-renewal, macrophages from old mice exhibited numerous signs of aging, such as impaired oxidative respiration. Transcriptomic profiling of aged murine macrophages revealed dysregulation of diverse cellular pathways, especially in cholesterol homeostasis, that manifested in altered oxysterol signatures. Although the levels of numerous oxysterols in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma exhibited age-associated changes, plasma 24-hydroxycholesterol levels were specifically associated with AMD. These novel findings demonstrate that oxysterol levels can discriminate disease from physiologic aging. Furthermore, modulation of cholesterol homeostasis may be a novel strategy for treating age-associated diseases in which macrophage aging is pathogenic.
A comparison of pitch extraction methodologies for dolphin vocalization (2008)

When collecting and analyzing marine mammal vocalizations one of the most important goals is to automatically extract the pitch/fundamental frequency of the collected calls.In dolphins we can assume that there are two main pitched sounds: whistles, which can be described as tonal AM-FM signals, and bursts, which can be described as highly harmonic signals.There are three main difficulties with pitch extraction on dolphin vocalizations that arise from the nature of the data.First, most underwater recordings are restricted to a low signal-to-noise ratio due to reflections, hardware noise and other interferences.This constitutes a big challenge for most existing pitch trackers.Second, one has to take into account the significant differences in the frequency range of bottlenose dolphin vocalizations compared to humans.Finally, dolphin whistles and bursts generally are emitted in two distinct frequency ranges, which result in different modes in the analysis data.In this work we compare our novel pitch extraction approach with two widely popular algorithms.Our approach uses hierarchy-based hidden Markov models (HMM) with cepstral coefficients as features.We quantitatively compare the performance of our algorithm with Yin, which is based on a modified autocorrelation method and get_f0, a popular off-the-shelf pitch tracker that utilizes linear predictive coefficients (LPC) and dynamic programming.Our approach outperforms the comparative methods by at least a factor of 10%. s o m m a i r ePour la collecte et l'analyse de vocalises de mamifres marins, l'extraction de la fondamentale est une tape cruciale.Dans le cas des dauphins, nous pouvons considrer qu'il y a deux types de sons voiss : les chants qui peuvent tre dcrits comme des tonalits AM-FM, et les rafales ("bursts") constitues de signaux hautement harmoniques.La premire des trois difficults pour extraire le timbre est le trs faible rapport signal sur bruit d aux reflections multiples et autres interfrences.La seconde consiste apprhender les rsolutions harmoniques sur le signal de ctacs par rapport aux traitements connus en parole par exemple.Dans ce papier, nous testons notre nouvelle mthode d'extraction de timbre sur un modle Chane de Markov Cache Hirarchique partir de coefficient cepstraux.Nous comparons nos rsultats la mthode YIN base sur un calcul d'autocorrlation, et get_f0 qui est extracteur de timbre classique par programmation dynamique utilisant des coefficients LPC.Nous montrons que notre mthode apporte un gain de 10% par rapport ces mthodes.
Episodal associative memory approach for sequencing interactive features in process planning (1992)

Process planning is the function that converts an engineering design into a manufacturing plan. One of the problems in feature-based process planning is the sequencing of features. Features must be given an order for removal. This order, or sequence, is partially dependent on the geometric relationships between the features. If the geometric relationships between features are such that they dictate a particular sequence, the features are said to have an interaction. Identifying these interactions is an important first step in creating the process plan. An approach to solve this problem using constructive solid geometry operations and the Episodal Associative Memory (EAM) is demonstrated. The EAM is an associative memory that integrates dynamic memory organization and neural computing techniques. The geometric feature relationships can be represented by a pattern. This pattern captures very qualitative information about the geometric positions fo the features. The EAM can organize these patterns into groups of similar geometric relationships. A method for dealing with exceptions, and for retrieving and storing general machining problems associated with interacting features will be described. The system implemented is shown to correctly sequence several types of feature interactions.
Homomorphic Signatures for Polynomial Functions. (2011)

We construct the first homomorphic signature scheme that is capable of evaluating multivariate polynomials on signed data. Given the public key and a signed data set, there is an efficient algorithm to produce a signature on the mean, standard deviation, and other statistics of the signed data. Previous systems for computing on signed data could only handle linear operations. For polynomials of constant degree, the length of a derived signature only depends logarithmically on the size of the data set. Our system uses ideal lattices in a way that is a “signature analogue” of Gentry’s fully homomorphic encryption. Security is based on hard problems on ideal lattices similar to those in Gentry’s system.
The Spongistatins: Architecturally Complex Natural Products—Part Two: Synthesis of the C(29–51) Subunit, Fragment Assembly, and Final Elaboration to (+)-Spongistatin 2 (2001)

Zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe: Bei der Totalsynthese des wirksamen Tumortherapeutikums (+)-Spongistatin 2 wurde die komplexe ABCD-Struktur hergestellt (siehe Bild), die auch für die Totalsynthese von (+)-Spongistatin 1 benötigt wird. In beiden Synthesen war der kritische Schritt eine säurevermittelte Epimerisierung zur Stabilisierung des axial-äquatorialen CD-Spiroketals in Gegenwart von Ca2+-Ionen.
Gaussian mixture Markov random field for image denoising and reconstruction (2013)

Markov random fields (MRFs) have been widely used as prior models in various inverse problems such as tomographic reconstruction. While MRFs provide a simple and often effective way to model the spatial dependencies in images, they suffer from the fact that parameter estimate is difficult. In practice, this means that MRFs typically have very simple structure that cannot completely capture the subtle characteristics of complex images. In this paper, we present a novel Gaussian mixture Markov random field model (GM-MRF) that can be used as a very expressive prior model for inverse problems such as denoising and reconstruction. This method forms a global image model by merging together individual Gaussian-mixture models for image patches. Moreover, we present a novel analytical framework for computing MAP estimates with the GM-MRF prior model through the construction of exact surrogate functions that result in a sequence of quadratic optimizations. We demonstrate the value of the approach with some simple applications to denoising of dual-energy CT images.
Performance characteristics of continuous multicore fiber optic sensor arrays (2017)

We report on the optical and sensor performance characteristics of meter long continuous twisted multicore optical fiber gratings. We describe a method to analyze the optical performance of all the cores in the multicore array. We also report on the sensitivity of our arrays to local changes such as bend and twist. Our analysis provides guidance for the proper operating range of multicore fiber sensing arrays.
Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Liquidity Trap: The Japanese Experience 1999-2004 (2005)

We characterize monetary and fiscal policy rules to implement optimal responses to a substantial decline in the natural rate of interest, and compare them with policy decisions made by the Japanese central bank and government in 1999-2004. First, we find that the Bank of Japan's policy commitment to continuing monetary easing until some prespecified conditions are satisfied lacks history dependence, a key feature of the optimal monetary policy rule. Second, the term structure of the interest rate gap (the spread between the actual real interest rate and its natural rate counterpart) was not downward sloping, indicating that the Bank of Japan's commitment failed to have su.cient influence on the market's expectations about the future course of monetary policy. Third, we find that the primary surplus in 1999-2002 was higher than predicted by the historical regularity, implying that the Japanese government deviated from the Ricardian rule toward fiscal tightening.
High frequency of low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (2022)

Low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBLlo, &lt;500 clonal B-cells/μL) is a highly prevalent condition in the general population (4% to 16% of otherwise healthy adults), which increases significantly with age.1-7 In most cases, clonal B-cells share phenotypic and cytogenetic features with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but only a small fraction (≈1.8%) progresses to high-count MBL (MBLhi; ≥500 and &lt;5000 clonal B-cells/μL)3 in the medium-term.8 However, previous reports showed that MBLlo subjects had an increased risk of severe infections in association with a (predominantly) secondary antibody deficiency,8-10 suggesting that MBLlo might be a risk marker for developing more severe infections.
Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma following Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Metastasis or Second Primary? (2005)

A considerable number of squamous cell lung lesions (50% in this study), clinically interpreted as metastases, are suggested to be second primaries by LOH analysis. For these patients, a surgical approach with curative intent may be justified.
Clinical results with the model 1IRP implant (2004)

This paper discuss the feasibility study of implanting an epiretinal prosthesis in humans with bare or no light perception vision from retinitis pigmentosa. Patients were implanted with a Second Sight intraocular epiretinal prosthesis in the eye with worse vision. The implant consisted of an extraocular microelectronic device and an intraocular electrode array, connected by a multiwire cable. At the end of the procedure, it was concluded that all the subjects could see visual perceptions that correlate to electrical stimulus from a chronically implanted retinal prosthesis. Patients used a camera driven stimulus to perform simple tasks.
Building networks (2012)

Chapter 11 described the integration of two pathways. We will now add yet another set of reactions to the system. The AMP input and output that was described earlier by two simple reactions across the system boundary represent a network of reactions that are called degradation and salvage pathways. The salvage pathways recycle the nucleotide by reversing their degradation pathways. AMP degradation and salvage are low-flux pathways but have genetic defects that cause serious diseases. Thus, even though fluxes through these pathways are low, their function is critical. As we have seen, many of the long-term dynamic responses are determined by the adjustment of the total adenylate cofactor pool. In this chapter, we integrate the degradation and salvage pathways to form the core metabolic network in the red blood cell.
Relationship Between Composition, Structure and Permeability of Drilling Filter Cakes (1996)

During drilling operations there is a need to build mud cakes as impervious as possible on the wall of the borehole to prevent damage by fluid loss. To establish the relationship between the filtration properties of mud filter cakes and their structure, drilling fluids containing montmorillonite clay, flexible (Drispac) or rigid (xanthan) anionic polymers, electrolytes and barite were investigated. Standard API filtration and polymer adsorption measurements were performed. The cake structure was vizualized by cryoscanning electron microscopy. Our study establishes the mechanism of filtration reduction properties of drilling filter cakes. Filtration measurements and cryomicroscopy show that a well dispersed suspension forms a well connected, homogeneous network that prevents fluid loss. Addition of salts to the drilling fluid promotes the aggregation of the clay particles and introduces heterogeneities so that the fluid loss is increased. Addition of anionic polymers causes a better dispersion of the clay particles in the suspension which lowers the filtration rate. In the presence of both salts and polymers, there is a competition effect between the salt-induced aggregation of the clay particles and the dispersion due to polymers, largely governed by the concentration and valence of the electrolytes and the flexibility of the polymers. During the filtration process more filtration reduction properties are obtained by non adsorbed polymers which clog the pores of the cake network and further reduce the filtration rate. The different behavior of the flexible (Drispac) and the rigid polymer (xanthan), can be used to optimize their applications in drilling fluids depending on field conditions (temperature, salt conditions).
Computational and experimental optimization of T cell activation (2019)

Abstract Bead-based activation is widely-used for ex vivo expansion of T cells for either research or clinical purposes. Despite its wide use, culture conditions that can potentially affect the efficiency of bead-based T cell activation has not been extensively documented. With the help of computationally-driven experimental investigations of basic culturing factors, we found that culture density, bead-to-cell ratio, and debeading time can have a major impact on the efficiency of bead-based T cell activation for short-term cultures. Furthermore, discrepancies across expected and observed activation efficiencies helped discover interesting artifacts of bead-based T cell activation. Human primary T cells were imaged together with activation beads at 20X magnification after three hours of culturing at varying confluencies and bead-to-cell ratios.
Oxygen Evolution Properties of CeO<SUB>2</SUB>-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> Powders as Automotive Exhaust Sub-Catalysts and the Phase Diagrams (1995)

CeO2-ZrO2 powders with various ZrO2 compositions, which were prepared by co-precipitation, were subjected to an evolved-oxygen gas-analysis. The samples were heated from 373 to 1323 K in Ar+H2+H2O gas mixtures. A closed-system oxygen analyzer developed by one of the authors was used to establish a constant ratio of H2/H2O and also detect the oxygen evolved from the samples. After the amount of evolved oxygen was recorded as a function of temperature, the samples were oxidized at 873 K in O2 gas, then the 2nd deoxidation run continued by heating again from 373 K. The heating-deoxidation run was repeated three times, and the following conclusions were derived. (i): For CeO2 powders, a peak on the JO-T-t curve (1) was observed around 1073 K, and did not shift even on the 2nd and 3rd heating-deoxidation runs. (ii): On the 1st heating-deoxidation run, as the content of ZrO2 was increased, a peak appeared around 873 K and became higher; the sub-catalyst at low temperatures was improved monotonously with the addition of ZrO2. (iii): After the deoxidation and successive oxidation, the shapes of JO-T-t curves (2) and (3) were essentially different from those of the 1st run. This came from the appearance of cubic φ′ phase, (Ce2Zr3O10?), which had not been reported previously. (iv): By analyzing the JO-T-t curves, two kinds of qualitative phase diagrams of the ZrO2-CeO2-CeO1.5 ternary system were established. The evolution behavior of oxygen from ZrO2-CeO2 powders could be explained on the basis of the phase diagrams; it was proved that the oxygen evolution behavior of ZrO2-CeO2 powders at low temperatures as sub-catalyst is the best in the composition range of ZrO2: 45∼65 mol% after the appearance of the φ′ phase.It was inferred that oxygen vacancies played a part in the growth of φ′ phase, and therefore similar experiments were undertaken with the powders of XCe⁄XZr=2⁄3 doped with CaO. (v): When it was annealed at 1773 K for 50 h, almost a single phase of tetragonal φ was obtained. The φ phase turned to φ′ phase once deoxidized and successively oxidized. (vi): The structure of φ′ was approximated by a pyrochlore, though there was no oxygen vacancies; Zr and Ce atoms may take regular arrays. (vii): The grain of the powders became fine through the phase transitions: φ→pyrochlore→φ′, and the evolution rate of oxygen became fastest, along with a change in the phase diagram. (viii): Through the phase transitions, CeO2-ZrO2 powders with ZrO2, 45∼65 mol% possess a regeneration property as automotive exhaust sub-catalysts, and may be durable at higher temperatures. (ix): Through the present investigation, it was demonstrated that the evolved-oxygen gas-analysis utilizing the closed-system oxygen analyzer with high sensitivity is highly effective for the evaluation of ternary phase diagram related to oxides and also the detection of plausible compounds.
Input-Output Equivalence of Unitary and Contractive RNNs (2019)

Unitary recurrent neural networks (URNNs) have been proposed as a method to overcome the vanishing and exploding gradient problem in modeling data with long-term dependencies. A basic question is how restrictive is the unitary constraint on the possible input-output mappings of such a network? This work shows that for any contractive RNN with ReLU activations, there is a URNN with at most twice the number of hidden states and the identical input-output mapping. Hence, with ReLU activations, URNNs are as expressive as general RNNs. In contrast, for certain smooth activations, it is shown that the input-output mapping of an RNN cannot be matched with a URNN, even with an arbitrary number of states. The theoretical results are supported by experiments on modeling of slowly-varying dynamical systems.
Epigallocatechin gallate is a potent inhibitor of cystathionine beta-synthase: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action (2022)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of green tea. Through screening of a small library of natural compounds, we discovered that EGCG inhibits cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), a major H<sub>2</sub>S-generating enzyme. Here we characterize EGCG's mechanism of action in the context of CBS-derived H<sub>2</sub>S production. In the current project, biochemical, pharmacological and cell biology approaches were used to characterize the effect of EGCG on CBS in cellular models of cancer and Down syndrome (DS). The results show that EGCG binds to CBS and inhibits H<sub>2</sub>S-producing CBS activity almost 30-times more efficiently than the canonical cystathionine formation (IC<sub>50</sub> 0.12 versus 3.3 μM). Through screening structural analogs and building blocks, we identified that gallate moiety of EGCG represents the pharmacophore responsible for CBS inhibition. EGCG is a mixed-mode, CBS-specific inhibitor with no effect on the other two major enzymatic sources of H<sub>2</sub>S, CSE and 3-MST. Unlike the prototypical CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, EGCG does not bind the catalytic cofactor of CBS pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Molecular modeling suggests that EGCG blocks a substrate access channel to pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. EGCG inhibits cellular H<sub>2</sub>S production in HCT-116 colon cancer cells and in DS fibroblasts. It also exerts effects that are consistent with the functional role of CBS in these cells: in HCT-116 cells it decreases, while in DS cells it improves viability and proliferation. In conclusion, EGCG is a potent inhibitor of CBS-derived H<sub>2</sub>S production. This effect may contribute to its pharmacological effects in various pathophysiological conditions.
Reservations about Reservations (1997)

The panel discussed the current state and likely future development of how to provide differentiated quality of service in an Internet context, primarily through reservations. The panel agreed that it appears unlikely that a single approach will fit all applications, with different trade-offs between complexity, level of guarantee and scaling