gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spencer Range live-site portable EMI sensors target classification (2013)

ESTCP live-site UXO classification results are presented for cued data collected by the Man Portable Vector (MPV) handheld sensor, at the Former Spencer Artillery Range in Tennessee. The site was contaminated with assorted munitions, ranging in caliber from 37 mm to 155 mm. The MPV data were collected in two areas: dynamic and wooded. The data sets are inverted using an advanced forward EMI model, the ortho-normalized volume magnetic source (ONVMS) model, combined with a direct-search optimization algorithm known as differential evolution. All data are inverted assuming one, two, and three sources. For each inversion, the targets’ intrinsic parameters are extracted and used in a library matching technique. Anomalies are classified as targets of interest (TOI) or clutter. Prioritized dig lists were constructed and submitted to the Institute for Defense Analysis for independent scoring. The result revealed an excellent classification performance by the advanced EMI models when applied to the Spencer Range MPV data. This paper describes the MPV sensor and the advanced models and demonstrates the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for the cued MPV data collected at the Spencer Range.
Influence of the Active Layer Material Quality and Doping Profile on the ZnO-Based MSM-PD’s Performance (2019)

The active layer material quality and doping profile effects on the ZnO-based thin film metal-semiconductor-metal photodiode's (MSM-PD) performance are studied using a 2-D numerical simulation. The results of the simulation reveal that the temporal response advantages of increasing the doping concentration of the PD's active layer are only appreciable at low bias. Whereas, using the downgraded material, the temporal response advantages are maintained for all applied biases but at the expense of a very low responsivity. This paper discusses the possibility of improving the temporal response while maintaining excellent responsivity. It is shown that the composed structure, made of a good material heavily doped top layer and a bottom layer lightly doped made of downgrade material, exhibits the desired temporal response advantages while maintaining an excellent responsivity.
Mechanically Robust, Self-Healable Polymers Usable under High Humidity: Humidity-Tolerant Noncovalent Cross-Linking Strategy (2021)

Although mechanically robust polymer materials had not been thought to self-heal, we recently found that poly(ether thiourea) PTUEG<sub>3</sub>, which is a glassy polymer with high mechanical strength, self-heals even at ambient temperatures. This finding updated the above preconception. Nevertheless, it should also be noted that PTUEG<sub>3</sub>, under high humidity, absorbs water and is plasticized to lose its mechanical strength. Humidity-induced plasticization is a general problem for polymers with polar groups. Herein, we report that PTUEG<sub>3</sub>, if designed by copolymerization to contain only 10 mol % of a dicyclohexylmethane (Cy<sub>2</sub>M) thiourea unit (TUCy<sub>2</sub>M), serves as a humidity-tolerant, mechanically robust polymer material that can self-heal at ambient temperatures. This copolymer contained, in its ether thiourea (TUEG<sub>3</sub>)-rich domain, a humidity-tolerant, noncovalently cross-linked 3D network with mechanical robustness formed by stacking of the Cy<sub>2</sub>M group. The present work provides a promising design strategy for mechanically robust, self-healable polymers usable under high humidity.
Fine-grained DRAM (2017)

Future GPUs and other high-performance throughput processors will require multiple TB/s of bandwidth to DRAM. Satisfying this bandwidth demand within an acceptable energy budget is a challenge in these extreme bandwidth memory systems. We propose a new high-bandwidth DRAM architecture, Fine-Grained DRAM (FGDRAM), which improves bandwidth by 4× and improves the energy efficiency of DRAM by 2× relative to the highest-bandwidth, most energy-efficient contemporary DRAM, High Bandwidth Memory (HBM2). These benefits are in large measure achieved by partitioning the DRAM die into many independent units, called grains, each of which has a local, adjacent I/O. This approach unlocks the bandwidth of all the banks in the DRAM to be used simultaneously, eliminating shared buses interconnecting various banks. Furthermore, the on-DRAM data movement energy is significantly reduced due to the much shorter wiring distance between the cell array and the local I/O. This FGDRAM architecture readily lends itself to leveraging existing techniques to reducing the effective DRAM row size in an area efficient manner, reducing wasteful row activate energy in applications with low locality. In addition, when FGDRAM is paired with a memory controller optimized to exploit the additional concurrency provided by the independent grains, it improves GPU system performance by 19% over an iso-bandwidth and iso-capacity future HBM baseline. Thus, this energy-efficient, high-bandwidth FGDRAM architecture addresses the needs of future extreme-bandwidth memory systems.
Development of Surface Morphology in Multilayered Films Prepared by Layer-by-Layer Deposition Using Poly(acrylic acid) and Hydrophobically Modified Poly(ethylene oxide) (2007)

We report the fabrication of free-standing multilayered thin films based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method. The isolation of multilayer thin film allows us to characterize the materials properties of such films in great detail. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene oxide) (HM-PEO) multilayer films have been prepared using the LbL method based upon hydrogen-bonding interactions. The LbL film composition and thermal properties were obtained as a function of the number of layer pairs using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Above the critical number of layer pairs, the HM-PEO/PAA multilayer films exhibit complex surface structure owing to the hydrophobic nature of HM-PEO (i.e., micelle formation). The unique surface morphology was studied using optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, where pyrene dyes incorporated into the hydrophobic cores of HM-PEO micelles allowed us to monitor the sites of HM-PEO micelles. We demonstrate that the film morphology can be controlled by varying the solvent polarity, temperature, and molecular weight of HM-PEO. It is also noted that the introduction of hydrophobic moieties in PEO significantly facilitates the film isolation from various substrates, yielding free-standing multilayer films.
Fiber loop optical buffer (1996)

Fiber loop optical buffers enable data storage for discrete time intervals and therefore appear suitable for applications in optical asynchronous transfer mode (OATM)-based networks where data are transmitted in cells of fixed length. In this paper, the feasibility and the limitations of optical data storage in a fiber loop optical buffer are studied theoretically and experimentally, A model of a fiber loop buffer, incorporating semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLA) as switching gates, is described. The two major interfering quantities are cross talk and amplified spontaneous emission of the SLA gates. To limit the impact of cross talk on the signal quality, an on/off ratio of the SLA gates of at least 30 dB is required. The paper describes the optimum operation conditions, which enable data storage for more than 100 circulations even for data rates in the range from 10 to 160 Gb/s.
Paced QT Dispersion and QT Morphology After Radiofrequency Atrioventricular Junction Ablation: (2003)

Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) is a widely accepted treatment for drug refractory atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, there have been some reports of pause dependent ventricular arrhythmias associated with QT interval prolongation, mainly in patients with reduced LV function. The present investigation evaluates the association of LV function with QT dispersion in response to a sudden rate drop. ECGs were' recorded on 20 patients (13 with normal LV function) on the day following AVJ ablation while paced at a range of ventricular rates (40-120 beats/min), and during a sudden drop from 80 to 40 beats/min. The maximum QT interval (QTmax), minimum QT interval (QTmin), and QT interval dispersion (QTdisp) were compared. In both groups, the QTmax and QTmin increased at slower paced heart rates while the QTdisp did not change. In response to a sudden rate drop from 80 to 40 beats/min, the QTmax increased in both groups of LV function (trend), while the QTmin increased in those with normal LV function (24 +/- 22 ms), but not in those with reduced LV function (0 +/- 14 ms; P = 0.01). Consequently, the QTdisp increased significantly in those with reduced LV function (31 +/- 23 ms) but not in normal LV function (-5 +/- 29 ms; P = 0.01). Morphological QTU changes developed following the sudden rate drop in 67% of the reduced LV versus 8% of the normal LV (P = 0.02) function groups. Following AVJ ablation, QTdisp increased during a sudden rate drop in patients with reduced LV function, but not in patients with normal LV function.
The development of control techniques for ventricular-assist devices and a hierarchical control structure to regulate the operation of a turbo-hydrodynamic assist device - Hierarchical control of heart-assist devices (2003)

The demand for transplantable hearts exceeds the supply, and transplant candidates often wait long periods before a suitable donor organ becomes available. When pharmacological treatment fails to maintain adequate blood circulation, mechanical assistance of one or both ventricles is the only available therapy other than transplantation. This article describes the development of control techniques for ventricular-assist devices and a hierarchical control structure to regulate the operation of a turbo-hydrodynamic assist device.
Dynamic modeling and input shaping of thermal bimorph MEMS actuators (2004)

Thermal bimorphs are a popular actuation technology in MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems). Their operating principle is based on differential thermal expansion induced by Joule heating. Thermal bimorphs, and other thermal flexure actuators have been used in many applications, from micro-grippers, to micro-optical mirrors. In most cases open-loop control is used to difficulties in fabricating positioning sensors together with actuator. In this paper we present several methods for extracting reduced-order thermal flexure actuator models based on experimental data, physical principles, and FEA simulation. We then use the models to generate optimal driving signals using input shaping techniques. Both simulation and experimental results are included to illustrate the efficacy of our approach. This framework can also be applied to other types of MEMS actuators, including electrostatic comb drives.
Energy band structure of LaCuOCh (Ch = S, Se and Te) calculated by the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (2004)

Energy band diagrams of LaCuOCh (Ch=S, Se and Te) were calculated by afull-potential linearized augmented plain-wave method. The calculations based on localdensity approximation with/without an on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter wereattempted to examine the energy levels of La 4f states. The results of the calculationsshowed that the on-site correlation parameter is necessary to evaluate the energy levelsof La 4f states appropriately. The calculations for LaCuOCh with the on-site correlationparameter revealed that LaCuOS and LaCuOSe have almost the same energy bandstructure with a direct-allowed-type band gap, while LaCuOTe has significantlydifferent conduction band structure that exhibits an indirect-type band gap. Thisdifference in the electronic structure between LaCuOCh (Ch=S, Se and Te) is consistentwith the observed optical properties of these materials.
Cross-stitched Multi-modal Encoders (2022)

In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for multi-modal speech and text input. We combine pretrained speech and text encoders using multi-headed cross-modal attention and jointly fine-tune on the target problem. The resultant architecture can be used for continuous token-level classification or utterance-level prediction acting on simultaneous text and speech. The resultant encoder efficiently captures both acoustic-prosodic and lexical information. We compare the benefits of multi-headed attention-based fusion for multi-modal utterance-level classification against a simple concatenation of pre-pooled, modality-specific representations. Our model architecture is compact, resource efficient, and can be trained on a single consumer GPU card.
Fluoroalkyl and Alkyl Chains Have Similar Hydrophobicities in Binding to the “Hydrophobic Wall” of Carbonic Anhydrase (2011)

The hydrophobic effect, the free-energetically favorable association of nonpolar solutes in water, makes a dominant contribution to binding of many systems of ligands and proteins. The objective of this study was to examine the hydrophobic effect in biomolecular recognition using two chemically different but structurally similar hydrophobic groups, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic fluorocarbons, and to determine whether the hydrophobicity of the two groups could be distinguished by thermodynamic and biostructural analysis. This paper uses isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to examine the thermodynamics of binding of benzenesulfonamides substituted in the para position with alkyl and fluoroalkyl chains (H(2)NSO(2)C(6)H(4)-CONHCH(2)(CX(2))(n)CX(3), n = 0-4, X = H, F) to human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II). Both alkyl and fluoroalkyl substituents contribute favorably to the enthalpy and the entropy of binding; these contributions increase as the length of chain of the hydrophobic substituent increases. Crystallography of the protein-ligand complexes indicates that the benzenesulfonamide groups of all ligands examined bind with similar geometry, that the tail groups associate with the hydrophobic wall of HCA II (which is made up of the side chains of residues Phe131, Val135, Pro202, and Leu204), and that the structure of the protein is indistinguishable for all but one of the complexes (the longest member of the fluoroalkyl series). Analysis of the thermodynamics of binding as a function of structure is compatible with the hypothesis that hydrophobic binding of both alkyl and fluoroalkyl chains to hydrophobic surface of carbonic anhydrase is due primarily to the release of nonoptimally hydrogen-bonded water molecules that hydrate the binding cavity (including the hydrophobic wall) of HCA II and to the release of water molecules that surround the hydrophobic chain of the ligands. This study defines the balance of enthalpic and entropic contributions to the hydrophobic effect in this representative system of protein and ligand: hydrophobic interactions, here, seem to comprise approximately equal contributions from enthalpy (plausibly from strengthening networks of hydrogen bonds among molecules of water) and entropy (from release of water from configurationally restricted positions).
Effect of Printed Circuit Board Structures on Temperature-Dependent Gain Characteristics of RF Power Amplifier Chips (2008)

We fabricated and characterized heterojunction field effect transistor radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) test fixtures, for wireless applications, with various printed circuit board (PCB) structures. The RF matching and bias circuits of the test fixtures were designed so that they had the same RF characteristics. The only source of the variation of the RF gain (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) was different thermal characteristics of each PCB. The values of the junction temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</sub> ) and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> ) of each test fixture were shown to be changed as much as 80deg C and 30deg C / W, respectively, by the change of PCB structures. The change of Rja was shown to be originated from the change of the PCB thermal resistance, assuring that the structure of the PCB was the dominant factor in determining R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> Finally, we obtained a universal relation between S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> of the amplifier and Tj. This work suggests that thermal budget of PCB is as important as that of package in wireless RF equipments.
IFS fractal interpolation for 2D and 3D visualization (2002)

Reconstruction is used frequently in visualization of one, two, and three dimensional data. Data uncertainty is typically ignored, and a deficiency of many interpolation schemes is smoothing which may indicate features or characteristics of the data that are not there. The author investigates the use of iterated function systems (IFS's) for interpolation. He shows new derivations for fractal interpolation in two and three dimensional scalar data, and new point and polytope rendering algorithms with tremendous speed advantages over ray tracing. The interpolations may be used to give an indication of the uncertainty of the data, statistically represent the data at a variety of scales, allow tunability from the data, and may allow more accurate data analysis.
Integrating Spline Curves in Road Constraint Object Tracking (2008)

Including road map information in the tracking of ground moving objects is a challenging problem. While many self localizing algorithms base on a modelling in global Cartesian coordinates a few approaches prefer a modelling in a local map coordinate frame. Throughout this contribution both strategies are compared theoretically and in numerical simulations. To achieve robust tracking results current onboard sensor information is utilized in the tracking framework. Commonly available on cars or trains are absolute position information, estimated e.g. by a GPS unit, and relative velocity measurements, e.g. measured by an odometer. To integrate road map knowledge with this sensor information time- and measurement-update equations are derived for both modelling strategies. Roads or tracks are often composed by a sequence of geometric primitives. Approximating this progression of geometric elements with smooth piecewise defined polynomials yields an accurate model, which can easily be integrated in the tracking framework. General preconditions using curves for tracking purposes are presented. In particular, cubic Hermite spline curves are chosen and implemented into the tracking framework.
Semantic Product Search for Matching Structured Product Catalogs in E-Commerce (2020)

Retrieving all semantically relevant products from the product catalog is an important problem in E-commerce. Compared to web documents, product catalogs are more structured and sparse due to multi-instance fields that encode heterogeneous aspects of products (e.g. brand name and product dimensions). In this paper, we propose a new semantic product search algorithm that learns to represent and aggregate multi-instance fields into a document representation using state of the art transformers as encoders. Our experiments investigate two aspects of the proposed approach: (1) effectiveness of field representations and structured matching; (2) effectiveness of adding lexical features to semantic search. After training our models using user click logs from a well-known E-commerce platform, we show that our results provide useful insights for improving product search. Lastly, we present a detailed error analysis to show which types of queries benefited the most by fielded representations and structured matching.
Engineering Escherichia coli for Biotransformation of Biomass into Fatty Acid Derived Fuels (2012)

With increasing demand of energy, depletion of global fossil fuel reserves, and unsustainable emission rates of greenhouse gases, there is considerable impetus for the development of renewable fuel sources. Fatty acid derived biofuels, being energy-dense and compatible with existing infrastructure, represent a promising supplement to petroleum-based fuels. Earlier work has led to extensive genetic and biochemical characterization of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. More recently, the potential of using E. coli as a biocatalyst for converting biomass into fatty acid derivatives in an economically viable manner has been explored. In this article, we review the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, and metabolic engineering efforts to manipulate the system for enhanced production of biodiesel, fatty alcohols, alkenes, and alkanes.
Synthesis of 3,6-Disubstituted b-Carbolines Which Possess either Benzodiazepine Antagonist or Agonist Activity (1986)

AAbSrracr -A series of 3~substituted and 3.6-disubstituted p-carbolincs have been synrhesiccd.These compounds have been screenedvifro in order t o determine the size of substituenrs which benrodiizepine receptors will tolerate at positions 3 and 6 o f the 0-carboline nucleus.If has been found that the receptor will tolerate e s t e r d k y l groups a t poaition~?as large as cyclohexyl but not as large as adimmryl Sd *loreover, N~aryl subsfiiuenfs as large as naphrhobenzylamino 8b c m be introduced a t position-6 without significant 105s of receptor binding affinity.N~~~~~~ p ~~a r b o l i n ~~3 ~~~~b ~~~l a f e s have been s h o w to be antagonisrs of the benzodiazepines.For example. the ethyl ester (BCCE) antagonized the anticonwlsanr effects of dia~eparn,"~ the anticonflict activity of lorazepam and d i a ~e p a r n , ~' ~ and the ataxic effects of diazepam as demonstrated in the horizontal wire similar benzodiazepine antagonist properties have been demonstrated for the propyl ester (PCC) and the rnerhyl carboxamide.~~-71&2.~"""BCCE also blocks the effects of benzodiazepines, measured e ~e c r r o p h y s i o l o g i c a l l y .~ a s well as blocking the decrease in levels of cerebral cyclic GMP caused by benzodiazepinesB The t-bury1ester (BCCt), in fact, has been shown ro reverse midazolam-ethanol induced GNS depression suggesrirg these effects may be mediated through the benzodiarepi,le receptory tiowever, 6~~~~b o l i n e s such as BCCE and the mechyl ester.BCCM, are not antagonists of the benzodiazepines.Rather, they appear to be inverse agoniste10 since they produce effects which are opposite to those of the benzodiazepines.In this regard BGCE has been shown to potenciare