gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chaotic nature of TCP congestion control (2002)

In this paper we demonstrate how TCP congestion control can show chaotic behavior. We demonstrate the major features of chaotic systems in TCP/IP networks with examples. These features include unpredictability, extreme sensitivity to initial conditions and odd periodicity. Previous work has shown the fractal nature of aggregate TCP/IP traffic and one explanation to this phenomenon was that traffic can be approximated by a large number of ON/OFF sources where the random ON and/or OFF periods are of length described by a heavy-tailed distribution. In this paper we show that this argument is not necessary to explain self-similarity, neither is randomness is required. Rather, TCP itself as a deterministic process creates chaos, which generates self-similarity. This property is inherent in today's TCP/IP networks and it is independent of higher layer applications or protocols. The two causes, heavy-tailed ON/OFF and chaotic TCP together contribute to the phenomenon, called the fractal nature of Internet traffic.
Taking a SHARP look at mask 3D effects (2017)

Mask 3D effects are an area of active research in EUV mask technology. Mask-side numerical aperture, illumination, feature size and absorber thickness are key factors modulating mask 3D effects and affecting printability and process window. Variable mask-side NA and flexible illumination make the SHARP actinic EUV microscope a powerful instrument for the study of mask 3D effects. We show an application example, comparing mask 3D effects for a standard Tantalum Nitride absorber and a thinner, 40-nm Nickel absorber. Data is presented for 0.33 4xNA and anamorphic 0.55 4x/8xNA. The influence of different illumination settings on mask 3D effects is discussed.
Demonstration of ultraviolet separate absorption and multiplication 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes (2005)

We report ultraviolet separate absorption and multiplication 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes. An external quantum efficiency of 83% (187 mA/W) at 278 nm, corresponding to unity gain after reach-through was achieved. A gain higher than 1000 was demonstrated without edge breakdown.
A Q-learning strategy for federation of 5G services (2020)

5G networks aim to provide orchestration of services across multiple administrative domains through the concept of federation. In this paper, we are exploring the federation feature of a platform for 5G transport network of vertical services. Then we formulate the decision problem that directly impacts the revenue of 5G administrative domains, and we propose as solution a Q-learning algorithm. The simulation results show near optimum profit maximization and a well-trained Q-learning algorithm can outperform the intuitive “greedy” approach in a realistic scenario.
Predicting Microwave Digital Signal Integrity (2009)

High-speed digital signal integrity at data rates above 6 Gb/s is an obstacle to reliable serial link operation. Two signal integrity challenges include dispersion due to frequency-dependent losses and reflections created at impedance mismatches. Signal integrity analysis relies on time-domain simulation of pseudo-random data patterns. This paper explores a predictive method for interconnect eye closure caused by reflections at the transmitter and receiver and does not require extensive time domain simulation. Worst-case bounds on intersymbol interference and data-dependent jitter aid prediction for link budgets under channel variations. This method is applied to the design of a passive equalizer.
11C-NS14492 as a Novel PET Radioligand for Imaging Cerebral α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: In Vivo Evaluation and Drug Occupancy Measurements (2011)

We report here that (11)C-NS14492 is the first, to our knowledge, PET radioligand for α(7)nAChR showing a dose-dependent decline in cerebral binding after receptor blockade. This compound is considered a promising PET tracer for in vivo measurements of α(7)nAChR binding in the human brain.
Low-complexity iterative soft detection for LDPC coded multi-relay channels (2009)

The purpose of this review is to define the current standards addressing safety of medical devices in MRI and to describe ongoing standards development efforts. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) began developing standard test methods for determining the MR safety of medical devices in MRI in 1997. To date, five ASTM standards addressing testing and marking medical devices and other items for use in the MR environment have been published. International Standards Organization (ISO) 14630, the general requirements standard for nonactive surgical implants, is currently being revised to include information about MR safety of passive implants and to reference the ASTM standards. To address the unique safety issues of active implants, and in particular, active implants with leads, like pacemakers and neurostimulators, a joint working group between ISO TC150/SC6 on active implants and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) SC 62B MT40 on magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis is working to develop a technical specification for active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) in MRI. While much progress has been made, work still needs to continue to develop a complete body of test methods to allow the evaluation of the safety of medical devices in the MR environment.
Human gene therapy: are we still expecting too much, too soon? (2001)

With the publication of the first complete draft of the human genome,1 we have for the first time a wild‐type sequence for very nearly every human gene. Although we are still in the early stages of mastering the technology required to extract the maximum scientific benefit from this vast databank, it is already clear that it will make a contribution to our understanding of biology of unrivalled breadth and magnitude. We can expect yet a further increase in the pace of discovery in the new ‘post‐genomic era’.

Even before the whole genomic sequence became available, human molecular genetics had uncovered the fundamental inborn genetic variation which accounts for disease susceptibility in a wide range of diseases, particularly those for which errors in a single gene are largely responsible. With these advances has come the possibility of identifying individuals who will suffer a particular disease in the earliest stages of pregnancy. For a number of severe inherited disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, this has already become clinical reality. While the ethical issues surrounding genetic testing remain difficult, the technology is straightforward.

The obvious progression from gene diagnostics is gene therapy. If errors in a particular gene are responsible for a deleterious phenotype, then the most direct route of treatment would be to correct that genetic defect. Two things would seem to be required for successful gene therapy: knowledge of which genes were responsible for which diseases and a reliable and safe technique for introducing the correct DNA sequence, at least into those cells which need it. The availability of the human genome sequence database will help the first of these requirements, while recent reports suggest that after a decade of attempts, progress is finally being made on the technology to introduce functional genetic material in a clinical setting (for example, …
The nitrobenzoxadiazole derivative MC3181 blocks melanoma invasion and metastasis (2017)

// Anastasia De Luca 1, * , Debora Carpanese 2, * , Maria Cristina Rapanotti 3 , Tara Mayte Suarez Viguria 3 , Maria Antonietta Forgione 4 , Dante Rotili 4 , Chiara Fulci 1 , Egidio Iorio 5 , Luigi Quintieri 6 , Sergio Chimenti 7 , Luca Bianchi 7 , Antonio Rosato 2, 8 , Anna Maria Caccuri 1 1 Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy 2 Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy 4 Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, &ldquo;Sapienza&rdquo; University, 00185 Rome, Italy 5 Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanit&agrave;, 00161 Rome, Italy 6 Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy 7 Department of Dermatology, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy 8 Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Anna Maria Caccuri, email: caccuri@uniroma2.it Antonio Rosato, email: antonio.rosato@unipd.it Keywords: melanoma, 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoles, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, antimetastatic properties, glutathione transferase P1-1 Received: July 25, 2016&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: December 27, 2016&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: January 17, 2017 ABSTRACT The novel nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivative MC3181 is endowed with remarkable therapeutic activity in mice bearing both sensitive and vemurafenib-resistant human melanoma xenografts. Here, we report that subtoxic concentrations of this compound significantly reduced invasiveness of BRAF-V600D mutated WM115 and WM266.4 melanoma cell lines derived from the primary lesion and related skin metastasis of the same patient, respectively. The strong antimetastatic activity of MC3181 was observed in both 2D monolayer cultures and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids, and confirmed in vivo by the significant decrease in the number of B16-F10 melanoma lung metastases in drug-treated mice. Our data also show that MC3181 affects the lactate production in the high glycolytic WM266.4 cell line. To unveil the MC3181 mechanism of action, we analyzed the ability of MC3181 to affect the degree of activation of different MAPK pathways, as well as the expression/activity levels of several proteins involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and survival (i.e. AP2, MCAM/MUC18, N-cadherin, VEGF and MMP-2). Our data disclosed both a decrease of the phospho-active form of JNK and an increased expression of the transcription factor AP2, events that occur in the very early phase of drug treatment and may be responsible of the antimetastatic effects of MC3181.
Iron Ion Sensor Based on Functionalized ZnO Nanorods (2011)

Abstract In this work, we are presenting an iron ion (Fe 3+ ) potentiometric sensor based on functionalized ZnO nanorods with selective ionophore (18 crown 6). Zinc oxide nanorods with a diameter of about 100 to 150 nm and 1 µm in length were grown on gold coated glass. The selective Fe 3+ ionophore sensor with highly aligned ZnO nanorods showed high sensitivity, acceptable selectivity, reproducibility and a stable signal response for detecting Fe 3+ . The potentiometric response of the Fe 3+ sensor with functionalized ZnO nanorods versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode was observed to be linear over a logarithmic concentration range from 10 −5 M to 10 −2 M. The detection limit of the proposed sensor was about 5 µM, which is lower than the normal blood concentration of Fe 3+ which is about 10 µM and can be up to 30 µM. The sensitivity of the proposed Fe 3+ sensor was found to be 70.2±2.81 mV/decade with a regression coefficient R 2 =0.99 and a response time less than 5 s. The functionalized ZnO nanorods sensor with selective iron ionophore has a life time greater than one month and has shown insignificant interference with other ions usually present in the human blood serum. The proposed sensor was used as an indicator electrode for potentiometric titration.
Data from High <i>FGFR1–4</i> mRNA Expression Levels Correlate with Response to Selective FGFR Inhibitors in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt; amplification (&lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt;amp) is recurrent in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and is associated with resistance to endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is). Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) and selective pan-FGFR inhibitors (FGFRis) are being developed for &lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt;amp breast cancer. High-level &lt;i&gt;FGFR&lt;/i&gt; amplification and protein expression by IHC have identified breast cancer responders to FGFRis or MTKIs, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Here, we used preclinical models and patient samples to identify predictive biomarkers to these drugs. We evaluated the antitumor activity of an FGFRi and an MTKI in a collection of 17 breast cancer patient–derived xenografts (PDXs) harboring amplification in &lt;i&gt;FGFR1/2/3/4&lt;/i&gt; and in 10 patients receiving either an FGFRi/MTKI. mRNA levels were measured on FFPE tumor samples using two commercial strategies. Proliferation and angiogenesis were evaluated by detecting Ki-67 and CD31 in viable areas by immunofluorescence.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;High &lt;i&gt;FGFR1–4&lt;/i&gt; mRNA levels but not copy-number alteration (CNA) is associated with FGFRi response. Treatment with MTKIs showed higher response rates than with FGFRis (86% vs. 53%), regardless of the &lt;i&gt;FGFR1–4&lt;/i&gt; mRNA levels. FGFR-addicted PDXs exhibited an antiproliferative response to either FGFRis or MTKIs, and PDXs exclusively sensitive to MTKI exhibited an additional antiangiogenic response. Consistently, the clinical benefit of MTKIs was not associated with high &lt;i&gt;FGFR1–4&lt;/i&gt; mRNA levels and was observed in patients previously treated with antiangiogenic drugs.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Tailored therapy with FGFRis in molecularly selected MBC based on high &lt;i&gt;FGFR1–4&lt;/i&gt; mRNA levels warrants prospective validation in patients with CDK4/6i-resistant luminal breast cancer and in patients with TNBC without targeted therapeutic options.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Melting gel techniques in single nucleotide polymorphism and mutation detection: From theory to automation (2002)

During the last 20 years several applications and variations of the melting gel techniques have been used for mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. All melting gel techniques are based on the same theoretical platform and are used by large groups in the research community. This review reports on current methods and applications in the field of melting gel techniques.
DNA-binding mechanism and evolution of replication protein A (2023)

Replication Protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric single stranded DNA-binding protein with essential roles in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Little is known about the structure of RPA in Archaea, the third domain of life. By using an integrative structural, biochemical and biophysical approach, we extensively characterize RPA from Pyrococcus abyssi in the presence and absence of DNA. The obtained X-ray and cryo-EM structures reveal that the trimerization core and interactions promoting RPA clustering on ssDNA are shared between archaea and eukaryotes. However, we also identified a helical domain named AROD (Acidic Rpa1 OB-binding Domain), and showed that, in Archaea, RPA forms an unanticipated tetrameric supercomplex in the absence of DNA. The four RPA molecules clustered within the tetramer could efficiently coat and protect stretches of ssDNA created by the advancing replisome. Finally, our results provide insights into the evolution of this primordial replication factor in eukaryotes.
Tra il vino dei goliardi e il vino dei borghesi (1993)

We present a case of bilateral sixth nerve palsies in a six-year-old girl misdiagnosed as a congenital esotropia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large clival tumor compressing the pons. The tumor was removed surgically, but the bilateral sixth nerve palsy remained.
The Development of Surface-Modified Liposomes as an Intranasal Delivery System for Group A Streptococcus Vaccines (2023)

Intranasal vaccine administration can overcome the disadvantages of injectable vaccines and present greater efficiency for mass immunization. However, the development of intranasal vaccines is challenged by poor mucosal immunogenicity of antigens and the limited availability of mucosal adjuvants. Here, we examined a number of self-adjuvanting liposomal systems for intranasal delivery of lipopeptide vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Among them, two liposome formulations bearing lipidated cell-penetrating peptide KALA and a new lipidated chitosan derivative (oleoyl-quaternized chitosan, OTMC) stimulated high systemic antibody titers in outbred mice. The antibodies were fully functional and were able to kill GAS bacteria. Importantly, OTMC was far more effective at stimulating antibody production than the classical immune-stimulating trimethyl chitosan formulation. In a simple physical mixture, OTMC also enhanced the immune responses of the tested vaccine, without the need for a liposome delivery system. The adjuvanting capacity of OTMC was further confirmed by its ability to stimulate cytokine production by dendritic cells. Thus, we discovered a new immune stimulant with promising properties for mucosal vaccine development.
40-GHz Mode-Locked Fiber-Ring Laser Using a (2004)

A 40-GHz mode-locked fiber-ring laser based on an optically controlled modulator is presented and analyzed in de- tail. The modulator is a monolithic InGaAsP-InP Mach-Zehnder interferometer with integrated semiconductor optical amplifiers, which allows optical pulse generation synchronized to an external optical clock pulse stream. The laser generates nearly transform- limited Gaussian pulses of 2.5-ps width and up to 9-mW mean output power with less than 130 fs of timing jitter, and it is wave- length tunable over more than 30 nm. The relationship between key laser parameters and the output pulse characteristics is ana- lyzed experimentally and numerically. An improved cavity design permits the generation of shorter pulses of 1.0-ps width.
Precise air time determination of athletic jumps with low-cost MEMS inertial sensors using multiple attribute decision making (2013)

Commercial devices for real-time sports performance measurement are available. The small size and low cost of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial measurement units (IMUs) are exploited in these devices to make their body mountable and affordable for the general public. These devices are widely used in sports such as skiing, snowboarding and mountain biking to measure the air time (AT) of aerial athletic jumps in real time. AT is considered as an important performance variable. However, the performance of currently used real-time athletic jump AT determination algorithms using MEMS IMUs are unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy and reliability. In this study, a new algorithm for AT determination with a head-mounted MEMS IMU is proposed. The algorithm has a probabilistic approach using multiple attribute decision making. The concept of jump characteristic points and a novel method used in this algorithm, namely preceding and following acceleration difference, are introduced. The field experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm comprehensively out-performs the commercial algorithms used in two state-of-the-art sport performance measurement devices. The proposed algorithm exhibits an average error of 0.033 s (4.8%), whereas the two commercial algorithms demonstrate average errors of 0.111 s (8.4%) and 0.538 s (39.7%).
N‐linked glycosylation of platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor is essential for signal transduction but not for ligand binding or cell surface expression (2004)

P(2)Y(12) receptor is a G(i)-coupled adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor with a critical role in platelet aggregation. It contains two potential N-linked glycosylation sites at its extra cellular amino-terminus, which may modulate its activity. Studies of both tunicamycin treatment and site-directed mutagenesis have revealed a dispensable role of the N-linked glycosylation in the receptor's surface expression and ligand binding activity. However, the non-glycosylated P(2)Y(12) receptor is defective in the P(2)Y(12)-mediated inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase activity. Thus the study uncovers an unexpected vital role of N-linked glycans in receptor's signal transducing step but not in surface expression or ligand binding.
Osmotic Responses in The Sipunculid Dendrostomum Zostericolum (1954)

ABSTRACT The sipunculid Dendrostomum zostericolum demonstrates no ability to regulate osmotically. Dendrostomum behaves superficially as an osmometer, but is actually more complex: (a) the worm shows volume control in concentrated and dilute sea water; (b) it is permeable to salts, mostly through the gut and/or nephridiopores; (c) it can release osmotically active particles from its body wall to the blood. The body wall of Dendrostomum is highly permeable to water, but only slightly to salts. Permeability for both salts and water is greater inwards than outward. Dendrostomum can tolerate a loss of 36% body weight by desiccation and recover when returned to sea water. The mechanism of this tolerance appears to be the removal by fixation in the tissues, of osmotically active particles from the body fluids.
Chromosome size affects sequence divergence between species through the interplay of recombination and selection (2022)

The structure of the genome shapes the distribution of genetic diversity and sequence divergence. To investigate how the relationship between chromosome size and recombination rate affects sequence divergence between species, we combined empirical analyses and evolutionary simulations. We estimated pairwise sequence divergence among 15 species from three different mammalian clades—Peromyscus rodents, Mus mice, and great apes—from chromosome-level genome assemblies. We found a strong significant negative correlation between chromosome size and sequence divergence in all species comparisons within the Peromyscus and great apes clades but not the Mus clade, suggesting that the dramatic chromosomal rearrangements among Mus species may have masked the ancestral genomic landscape of divergence in many comparisons. Our evolutionary simulations showed that the main factor determining differences in divergence among chromosomes of different sizes is the interplay of recombination rate and selection, with greater variation in larger populations than in smaller ones. In ancestral populations, shorter chromosomes harbor greater nucleotide diversity. As ancestral populations diverge, diversity present at the onset of the split contributes to greater sequence divergence in shorter chromosomes among daughter species. The combination of empirical data and evolutionary simulations revealed that chromosomal rearrangements, demography, and divergence times may also affect the relationship between chromosome size and divergence, thus deepening our understanding of the role of genome structure in the evolution of species divergence.
Identification of Autophagy-related Proteins in Lungs From Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Patients (2020)

Autophagy has been involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, it is not yet known whether autophagy plays a role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP is an interstitial lung disease resulting from exposure to a wide variety of antigens that provoke an exaggerated immune response in susceptible individuals. The aim of this study was to explore the localization of autophagy key proteins in lungs from HP patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and analyze their expression levels by immunoblot. Macrophages and epithelial cells were strongly positive for the autophagosome biomarker LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta) in HP lungs compared with controls. A similar pattern was found for the autophagy receptor p62 and the enzyme ATG4B. Unexpectedly, nuclear p62 signal was also noticed in macrophages from HP lungs. Regarding ATG5 and ATG7 localization, we observed positive staining in neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Our findings provide for the first time evidence that proteins from the autophagy machinery are highly expressed in the lungs of HP patients and describe the specific cellular and subcellular localization of LC3B, p62, ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG7 in HP lungs.