gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A spatio-temporal modeling framework for weather radar image data in tropical Southeast Asia (2018)

Tropical storms are known to be highly chaotic and extremely difficult to predict. In tropical countries such as Singapore, the official lead time for the warnings of heavy storms is usually between 15 and 45 minutes because weather systems develop quickly and are of very short lifespan. A single thunderstorm cell, for example, typically lives for less than an hour. Weather radar echoes, correlated in both space and time, provide a rich source of information for short-term precipitation nowcasting. Based on a large dataset of 276 tropical storms events, this paper investigates a spatio-temporal modeling approach for two-dimensional radar reflectivity (echo) fields. Under a Lagrangian integration scheme, we model the radar reflectivity field by a spatio-temporal conditional autoregressive process with two components. The first component is the dynamic velocity field which determines the motion of the storm, and the second component governs the growth or decay of the returned radar echoes. The proposed method is demonstrated and compared with existing methods using real radar image data collected from a number of 276 tropical storm events from 2010 to 2011 in Singapore. The numerical comparison results show the advantage of the proposed method, in terms of the mean-squared-error, in modeling small-scale localized convective weather systems based on the 77 inter-monsoon season thunderstorm events.
NLRP10 enhancesShigella-induced pro-inflammatory responses (2012)

Members of the NLR family evolved as intracellular sensors for bacterial and viral infection. However, our knowledge on the implication of most of the human NLR proteins in innate immune responses still remains fragmentary. Here we characterized the role of human NLRP10 in bacterial infection. Our data revealed that NLRP10 is a cytoplasmic localized protein that positively contributes to innate immune responses induced by the invasive bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri. SiRNA-mediated knock-down studies showed that NLRP10 contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine release triggered by Shigella in epithelial cells and primary dermal fibroblasts, by influencing p38 and NF-κB activation. This effect is dependent on the ATPase activity of NLRP10 and its PYD domain. Mechanistically, NLRP10 interacts with NOD1, a NLR that is pivotally involved in sensing of invasive microbes, and both proteins are recruited to the bacterial entry point at the plasma membrane. Moreover, NLRP10 physically interacts with downstream components of the NOD1 signalling pathway, such as RIP2, TAK1 and NEMO. Taken together, our data revealed a novel role of NLRP10 in innate immune responses towards bacterial infection and suggest that NLRP10 functions as a scaffold for the formation of the NOD1-Nodosome.
Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue (2013)

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.
Supramolecular Catalysis via Organic Solids: Templates to Mechanochemistry to Cascades (2021)

We describe how small-molecule ditopic receptors act as catalysts to direct intermolecular [2+2] photodimerizations in the solid state. Examples demonstrate successful applications of mechanochemistry to perform supramolecular catalysis in a solvent-free environment. The approach relies on the process of cocrystallization of multiple components that lead to functional supramolecular structures. We also show how the method can be extended to molecular and supramolecular cascades.
Pullulan/dextran/nHA Macroporous Composite Beads for Bone Repair in a Femoral Condyle Defect in Rats (2014)

The repair of bone defects is of particular interest for orthopedic, oral, maxillofacial, and dental surgery. Bone loss requiring reconstruction is conventionally addressed through bone grafting. Depending on the size and the location of the defect, this method has limits and risks. Biomaterials can offer an alternative and have features supporting bone repair. Here, we propose to evaluate the cellular penetration and bone formation of new macroporous beads based on pullulan/dextran that has been supplemented with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in a rat model. Cross-linked beads of 300-500 µm diameters were used in a lateral femoral condyle defect and analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, micro-computed tomography, and histology in comparison to the empty defects 15, 30, and 70 days after implantation. Inflammation was absent for both conditions. For empty defects, cellularisation and mineralization started from the periphery of the defect. For the defects containing beads, cellular structures filling out the spaces between the scaffolds with increasing interconnectivity and trabecular-like organization were observed over time. The analysis of calcified sections showed increased mineralization over time for both conditions, but was more pronounced for the samples containing beads. Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content were both significantly higher at day 70 for the beads in comparison to empty defects as well as compared with earlier time points. Analysis of newly formed tissue around the beads showed an increase of osteoid tissue, measured as percentage of the defect surface. This study suggests that the use of beads for the repair of small size defects in bone may be expanded on to meet the clinical need for a ready-to-use fill-up material that can favor bone formation and mineralization, as well as promote vessel ingrowth into the defect site.
Potential of thermal sprayed TinO2n‐1‐coatings for substituting molybdenum‐based ring coatings (2007)

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the potential for substituting molybdenum‐based piston ring coatings, which are recognized as “allrounder” by other candidate metallurgies. Another purpose is the tribological interaction of molybdenum‐based and new triboactive/reactive piston ring coatings with low SAP, polymer‐ and metal‐free as well as bionotox engine oils with high‐viscosity indices. Design/methodology/approach Substoichiometric titanium dioxide composed of the Magnéli‐types phases Ti 4 O 7 (∼17 per cent), Ti 5 O 9 (∼66 per cent), Ti 6 O 11 (∼17 per cent) deposited by plasma spraying, a vacuum sprayed TiO 1,93 and a plasma‐sprayed titanium‐molybdenum carbo‐nitride coated piston rings were compared to a state‐of‐the‐art molybdenum‐based piston ring. They were tribologically characterized by means of BAM and SRV tests lubed under mixed/boundary lubrication by factory fill engine oils, engine oils as blends of hydro‐carbons with esters as well as prototype engine oils based on esters and polyglycols. Findings Overall, the molybdenum‐ and titanium‐based ring coatings wore in the same order of magnitude. The ranking depends on the test used. The BAM test favours MKP81A (PL72) more, whereas the SRV methods favour the Ti n O 2 n −1 more. The different bionotox and low‐ash prototype engine oils with reduced additive contents displayed isoperformance regarding the tribological behaviour of common and triboreactive materials. They presented no visible weakness in wear resistance, coefficient of friction and extreme pressure properties. Research limitations/implications The next steps have to confirm functional properties by different engine and endurance tests. Practical implications Titanium‐based piston ring coatings are overall more attractive, as they are primarily refined from titania, which is cheap and not rated at stock exchanges, and they present at least an isoperformance when compared with molybdenum‐based ring coatings. Originality/value This supplier report displays the complete methodology in order to substitute molybdenum‐ by titanium‐based piston ring coatings as well as illuminating the beneficial interaction with alternative engine oils in existing engine architectures.
Current-voltage raw data for transistors and micrograph morphology images for films (2017)

This dataset is backup information for the publication whose abstract is reproduced here. Layer-by-layer deposited guanine and pentacene in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is introduced. Through adjusting the layer thickness ratio of guanine and pentacene, the tradeoff of two electronic parameters in OFETs, charge carrier mobility and current on/off ratio, was controlled. The charge mobility was enhanced by depositing the pentacene over and between guanine layers and by increasing the proportion of pentacene in the layer-by-layer system, while the current on/off ratio was increased via the decreased off current induced by the guanine layers. The tunable device performance was mainly ascribed to the trap and dopant neutralizing properties of the guanine layers, which would decrease the density of free hydroxyl groups in the OFETs. Furthermore, the cost of the devices could be reduced remarkably via the adoption of the low-cost guanine.
Effect of Zr Content on the Morphology and Emissivity of Surface Oxide Scales on FeCrAlY Alloys (2015)

The investigation aims at obtaining a life time extension of FeCrAlY heating elements by increasing the emissivity of the alumina surface scales. This approach will allow the use of a lower heating element temperature without decreasing the usable heat output. For this purpose, the oxidation mechanisms of Zr‐doped FeCrAlY model alloys were investigated. For thick specimens a high Zr addition is accompanied by an undesired rapid increase of the oxidation rate adversely affecting the life time of the component. However, for thin foil heating elements (typically 50–200 μm thickness) an optimized high Zr content might be a suitable concept for obtaining a high emissivity, because apparently, a dark appearing, high emissivity oxide may be obtained without occurrence of dramatic internal oxidation.
Overview of Voltage‐gated Calcium Channels (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Native and Cloned Calcium Channels: Nomenclature and Classification Distribution of VGCCs and their Physiological Roles Structure of VGCC α1 Subunits VGCC Modulation VGCCs: Channelopathies and Pathologies Summary
Growth cone navigation in substrate-bound ephrin gradients (2006)

Graded distributions of ephrin ligands are involved in the formation of topographic maps. However, it is still poorly understood how growth cones read gradients of membrane-bound guidance molecules. We used microcontact printing to produce discontinuous gradients of substrate-bound ephrinA5. These consist of submicron-sized protein-covered spots, which vary with respect to their sizes and spacings. Growth cones of chick temporal retinal axons are able to integrate these discontinuous ephrin distributions and stop at a distinct zone in the gradient while still undergoing filopodial activity. The position of this stop zone depends on both the steepness of the gradient and on the amount of substrate-bound ephrin per unit surface area. Quantitative analysis of axon outgrowth shows that the stop reaction is controlled by a combination of the local ephrin concentration and the total amount of encountered ephrin, but cannot be attributed to one of these parameters alone.
In vivo toxicity evaluation of two polyoxotungstates with potential antidiabetic activity using Wistar rats as a model system (2020)

In this study, the <i>in vivo</i> hypoglycemic effect of a donut-shaped polyanion salt (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>14</sub>[Na@P<sub>5</sub>W<sub>30</sub>O<sub>110</sub>]·31H<sub>2</sub>O {NaP<sub>5</sub>W<sub>30</sub>} and its Ag-containing derivative K<sub>14</sub>[Ag@P<sub>5</sub>W<sub>30</sub>O<sub>110</sub>]·22H<sub>2</sub>O·6KCl {AgP<sub>5</sub>W<sub>30</sub>}, as well as their hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, was evaluated. In the screening hypoglycemic study, <i>Wistar albino</i> rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes were treated intraperitoneally with three single doses (5, 10, and 20 mg per kg per b.w.) of both investigated polyoxotungstates. The blood glucose levels, measured before and after 2, 4 and 6 h polyoxotungstate application, showed that both studied compounds induced the most pronounced and time dependent glucose lowering effects at the doses of 20 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, daily doses of 20 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> were administered to <i>Wistar albino</i> rats orally for 14 days in further toxicity examinations. The serum glucose concentration and biochemical parameters of kidney and liver function, as well as a histopathological analysis of kidney and liver tissues were evaluated 14 days after the polyoxotungstate administration. Both investigated compounds did not induce statistically significant alterations of the serum glucose and uric acid concentrations, as well as some of the liver function markers (serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase activities). However, the significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin concentrations and the increase in biochemical parameters of renal function - serum urea (up to 63.1%) and creatinine concentrations (up to 23.3%) were observed for both polyoxotungstates. In addition, the detected biochemical changes were in accordance with kidney and liver histhopathological analysis. Accordingly, the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of these potential antidiabetic polyoxotungstates could be considered as mild.
Heusler 4.0: Tunable Materials (2017)

Heusler compounds are a large family of binary, ternary, and quaternary compounds that exhibit a wide range of properties of both fundamental and potential technological interest. The extensive tunability of the Heusler compounds through chemical substitutions and structural motifs makes the family especially interesting. In this article we highlight recent major developments in the field of Heusler compounds and put these in the historical context. The evolution of the Heusler compounds can be described by four major periods of research. In the latest period, Heusler 4.0 has led to the observation of a variety of properties derived from topology that includes topological metals with Weyl and Dirac points; a variety of noncollinear spin textures, including the very recent observation of skyrmions at room temperature; and giant anomalous Hall effects in antiferromagnetic Heuslers with triangular magnetic structures. Here we give a comprehensive overview of these major achievements and set research into Heusler materials within the context of recent emerging trends in condensed matter physics.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Detection of Therapeutically Targetable Driver and Resistance Mutations in Lung Cancer Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Total amount of cfDNA extracted from each patient sample&lt;/p&gt;
Einfache Zugänge zu Evernitrose und Vancosaminderivaten sowie Synthese eines Vancomycin-Modellglycosids (1998)

In nur sieben Schritten können die aktivierten Evernitrose- und Vancosamin-Derivate 2 bzw. 3 aus der gemeinsamen, aus L-Milchsäureethylester zugänglichen Vorstufe 1 hergestellt werden. Die Verbindung 3 ermöglicht eine effizienten Synthese der Vancomycin-Modellverbindung 4.
Local therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis: a case series and review of the literature (2019)

Based on our series as well as the existing literature demonstrating the use of local therapy for irAEs, we propose an approach to local therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis starting with topical steroids and initiating injectable steroids in cases of recalcitrant panuveitis or posterior uveitis. Subclinical inflammation on posterior segment imaging responds robustly to difluprednate or intravitreal steroid therapy, and patients with posterior segment involvement may require more aggressive management and long-term maintenance.
200 fs pulses from Kerr lens mode locked Yb: YAG thin disk oscillator (2012)

We demonstrate 200 fs pulses directly obtained from Yb:YAG thin disk oscillator. We achieved 200 fs with 17 W average power and 270 fs with 45 W at 40 MHz repetition rate with optical to optical efficiency of 25% To our knowledge these are the shortest pulses ever achieved from the mode locked Yb:YAG disk oscillator and a first demonstration of Kerr lens mode locked thin disk laser.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐6H‐1,4‐OXAZIN‐2‐ONES CHIRAL AT C(3) AND ASYMMETRIC INDUCTION IN HYDROGENATION OF THE AZOMETHINE BOND (1978)

Abstract Brommethylketone (I) kon ‐ densieren mit den Salzen N‐geschützter Aminosäuren (II) zu den Ketoestern (III).
Synthesis and Cellular Profiling of Diverse Organosilicon Small Molecules (2007)

Small-molecule synthesis coupled with cellular profiling using multidimensional screening can be used to assess the impact of varying stereochemical and appendage contexts on biological activity. In this communication, we describe the synthesis and cellular profiling of chiral organosilicon small molecules derived from a crotylsilane annulation pathway. We considered that incorporating a main-group element, such as silicon, within the chiral environment of a more complex product could provide new structures where the distinctive chemical properties of silicon may contribute to new biological activity. The annulation of various indole-2,3-dione (isatin) reagents with functionalized crotylsilanes provides efficient access to spiro-oxindole structures for biological evaluation. The modular placement of aryl iodide functional groups in the isatin component can be used in appending processes for further substitution, such as conversion of the aryl iodide to various amido functionalities using the Buchwald amidation. The high-feature biological signatures revealed from multidimensional screening provide a first quantitative glimpse of the rich activities of silicon-containing small molecules within varying stereochemical and appendage contexts. Furthermore, these signatures demonstrate the validity of implementing functional group and stereochemical diversity (cf. differential performance of enantiomeric pairs of products).
The existence of a class of Kirkman squares of index 2 (1988)

Abstract A Kirkman square with index λ, latinicity μ, block size k and ν points, KS k ( v ; μ, λ), is a t × t array ( t = λ( ν −1)/μ( k − 1)) defined on a ν -set V such that (1) each point of V is contained in precisely μ cells of each row and column, (2) each cell of the array is either empty or contains a k -subset of V , and (3) the collection of blocks obtained from the nonempty cells of the array is a ( ν, k , λ)-BIBD. For μ = 1, the existence of a KS k ( ν ; μ, λ) is equivalent to the existence of a doubly resolvable ( ν, k , λ)-BIBD. In this case the only complete results are for k = 2. The case k = 3, λ = 1 appears to be quite difficult although some existence results are available. For k = 3, λ = 2 the problem seems to be more tractable. In this paper we prove the existence of a KS 3 ( ν ; 1, 2) for all ν ≡ 3 (mod 12).
Scope and Mechanism of the Iridium-Catalyzed Cleavage of Alkyl Ethers with Triethylsilane (2008)

The cationic iridium pincer complex [(POCOP)Ir(H)(acetone)](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) {1, POCOP = 2,6-[OP(tBu)(2)](2)C(6)H(3)} was found to be a highly active catalyst for the room-temperature cleavage and reduction of a wide variety of unactivated alkyl ethers including primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl ethers as well as aryl alkyl ethers by triethylsilane. Mechanistic studies have revealed the full details of the catalytic cycle with the catalyst resting state(s) depending on the basicity of the alkyl ether. During the catalytic reduction of diethyl ether, cationic iridium silane complex, [(POCOP)Ir(H)(eta(1)-Et(3)SiH)](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (3), and Et(2)O are in rapid equilibrium with neutral dihydride, (POCOP)Ir(H)(2) (5) and diethyl(triethylsilyl)oxonium ion, [Et(3)SiOEt(2)](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (7), with 5 + 7 strongly favored. Species 7 has been isolated from the reaction mixture and fully characterized. The turnover-limiting step in this cycle is the reduction of 7 by the neutral dihydride 5. The relative rates of reduction of 7 by dihydride 5 and Et(3)SiH were determined to be approximately 30,000:1. In the cleavage of the less basic ethers anisole and EtOSiEt(3), the cationic iridium silane complex, 3, was found to be the catalyst resting state. The hydride reduction of the intermediate oxonium ion EtO(SiEt(3))(2)(+), 9, occurs via attack by Et(3)SiH. In the case of anisole, the intermediate PhMeOSiEt(3)(+), 10, is reduced by 5 and/or Et(3)SiH.
MAGMA embedded: Towards a dense linear algebra library for energy efficient extreme computing (2015)

Embedded computing, not only in large systems like drones and hybrid vehicles, but also in small portable devices like smart phones and watches, gets more extreme to meet ever increasing demands for extended and improved functionalities. This, combined with the typical constrains for low power consumption and small sizes, makes the design of numerical libraries for embedded systems challenging. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of embedded system aware algorithms, that target these challenges in the area of dense linear algebra. We consider the fundamental problems of solving linear systems of equations and least squares problems, using the LU, QR, and Cholesky factorizations, and illustrate our results, both in terms of performance and energy efficiency, on the Jetson TK1 development kit. We developed performance optimizations for both small and large problems. In contrast to the corresponding LAPACK algorithms, the new designs target the use of many-cores, readily available now even in mobile devices like the Jetson TK1, e.g., featuring 192 CUDA cores. The implementations presented will form the core of a MAGMA Embedded library, to be released as part of the MAGMA libraries.
Finding similar situations in sequences of events via random projections (2001)

Sequences of events occur in several applications, such as mobile services (the requests made by each user), telecommunication network alarm handling, user interface studies, etc. Such a sequence can be denoted (〈ei, ti〉), where i = 1, . . . , n, and for each i, ei ∈ E is an event type and ti is the occurrence time. As an example, consider the following excerpt from a sequence of 46662 events (alarms) from a telecommunications network. Here the first field is the alarm type, and the second is the occurrence time.
Further Improvement on Sulfonamide-Based Ligand for Catalytic Asymmetric 2-Haloallylation and Allylation (2008)

The sulfonamide-based ligand B was found to exhibit an outstanding crystallinity and perform well as a ligand for Cr-mediated catalytic asymmetric 2-haloallylation and allylation. The new ligand has an appealing advantage over the first generation ligand; its high crystallinity allows effective recovery of the ligand from a reaction in a pure form.