gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Treatment of General Combinational Networks (1975)

In this correspondence two methods are given for calculating the probability that the output of a general combinational network is 1 given the probabilities for each input being 1. We define the notions of the probability of a signal and signal independence. Then several proofs are given to show the relationship between Boolean operations and algebraic operations upon probabilities. As a result of these, two simple algorithms are presented for calculating output probabilities. An example of the usefulness of these results is given with respect to the generation of tests for the purpose of fault detection.
Resveratrol Regulates Pathologic Angiogenesis by a Eukaryotic Elongation Factor-2 Kinase Pathway (2010)

Abnormal angiogenesis is central to the pathophysiology of diverse disease processes including cancers, ischemic and atherosclerotic heart disease, and visually debilitating eye disease. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin that has been demonstrated to ameliorate and decelerate the aging process as well as blunt end organ damage from obesity. These effects of resveratrol are largely mediated by members of the sirtuin family of proteins. We demonstrate that resveratrol can inhibit pathological angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by a sirtuin-independent pathway. Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells by activating eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase. The active kinase in turn phosphorylates and inactivates elongation factor-2, a key mediator of ribosomal transfer and protein translation. Functional inhibition of the kinase by gene deletion in vivo or RNA as well as pharmacological inhibition in vitro is able to completely reverse the effects of resveratrol on blood vessel growth. These studies have identified a novel and critical pathway that promotes aberrant vascular proliferation and one that is amenable to modulation by pharmacological means. In addition, these results have uncovered a sirtuin-independent pathway by which resveratrol regulates angiogenesis. (Am J Pathol 2010, 177:481–492; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090836)
Elevated T cell repertoire diversity is associated with progression of lung squamous cell premalignant lesions (2021)

Abstract Objective The immune response to invasive carcinoma has been the focus of published work, but little is known about the adaptive immune response to bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs), precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma. This study was designed to characterize the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in PMLs and its association with clinical, pathological, and molecular features. Methods Endobronchial biopsies (n=295) and brushings (n=137) from high-risk subjects (n=50), undergoing lung cancer screening at approximately 1-year intervals via autofluorescence bronchoscopy and CT, were profiled by RNA-seq. We applied the TCR Repertoire Utilities for Solid Tissue/Tumor (TRUST) tool to the RNA-seq data to identify TCR CDR3 sequences across all samples. In the biopsies, we measured the correlation of TCR diversity with previously derived immune-associated PML transcriptional signatures and outcome. We also quantified the spatial and temporal distribution of shared and clonally expanded TCRs. Using the biopsies and brushes, the ratio of private (i.e., found in one patient only) and public (i.e., found in two or more patients) TCRs was quantified and the CDR3 sequences were compared to those found in curated databases with known antigen specificities. Results We detected 39,303 unique TCR sequences across all samples. In PML biopsies, TCR diversity was negatively associated with a transcriptional signature of T-cell mediated immune activation (Spearman’s rho −0.34, p &lt; 0.001) associated with PML outcome. Additionally, in lesions of the proliferative molecular subtype, TCR diversity was decreased in regressive versus progressive/persistent PMLs (p=0.045). Within each patient, TCRs were more likely to be shared between biopsies sampled at the same timepoint than biopsies sampled at the same anatomic location at different times. Clonally expanded TCRs, within a biopsied lesion, were more likely to be expanded at future time points than non-expanded clones. The majority of TCR sequences were found in a single sample, with only 3,396 (8.6%) found in more than one sample and 1,057 (2.7%) found in two or more patients (i.e. public), however, when compared to a public database of CDR3 sequences, 4,543 (11.6%) of TCRs were identified as public. TCRs with known antigen specificities were enriched among Public TCRs (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Decreased TCR diversity may reflect nascent immune responses that contribute to PML elimination. Further studies are needed to explore the potential for immunoprevention of PMLs.
Supplementary Figure S5 from A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1α–XBP1 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of expression of screen hits with the XBP1 gene signature and XBP1s protein in human breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
Combinations of antibiotics and vonoprazan for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections—Exploratory study (2021)

Vonoprazan-containing antibiotic therapy is an effective H. pylori eradication treatment. It is capable of achieving 100% efficacy in patients treated for the first time and even 91% efficacy in patients with previous eradication failure. Subsequent studies utilizing a factorial design will be needed to optimize each regimen as most regimens contained more than two antibiotics.
Microscope enabling multimodality imaging, angle-resolved scattering, and scattering spectroscopy (2007)

We present the design, construction, and initial characterization of a multifunctional imaging/scattering spectroscopy system built around a commercial inverted microscope platform. The system enables co-registered brightfield, Fourier-filtered darkfield, and fluorescence imaging; monochromatic angle-resolved scattering measurements; and white-light wavelength-resolved scattering spectroscopy from the same field of view. A fiber-based illumination system provides illumination-wavelength flexibility and a good approximation to a point source. The performance of the system in its various data acquisition modes is experimentally verified using fluorescent microspheres. This multifunctional instrument provides a platform for studies on adherent cells from which the biophysical implications of subcellular light scattering can be studied in conjunction with sensitive fluorescence-based techniques.
1705-P: Adipocyte Specific Ablation of P2Y14R Improves Glucose Metabolism in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity (2020)

Adipose tissue is one of the major tissues in body regulating glucose and energy homeostasis. White adipose tissue (iWAT) serves as primary site of energy storage while brown (BAT) and beige AT play a major role in energy expenditure. AT also exerts endocrine effects by secreting various adipokines/batokines regulating whole body glucose metabolism. Diverse G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in adipocytes and thus have emerged as potential targets for novel antidiabetic drugs. P2Y purinergic receptors are a class of GPCRs activated by nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. The purinergic P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14R) is natively activated by UDP-glucose. P2Y14R is expressed in white as well as brown adipocytes, and receptor mRNA levels was increased in iWAT due to high fat feeding. The potential role of P2Y14R in AT with respect to maintaining whole body glucose homeostasis remains unexplored. To this end, we generated a knockout mouse model lacking P2Y14R selectively in adipocytes (Ad-P2Y14-KO) using Cre/loxP technology. Interestingly, Ad-P2Y14-KO consuming a high fat diet gained less weight than the control mice. Body composition revealed that the decrease in body weight gain in Ad-P2Y14-KO was due to a decrease in fat mass. Decreased body weight resulted in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in Ad-P2Y14-KO. Moreover, fasting blood glucose and fed plasma insulin levels were decreased in Ad-P2Y14-KO. Circulating levels of adipokines such as leptin were decreased in knockout mice, indicating increased sensitivity to leptin in Ad-P2Y14-KO. Interestingly, a lack of P2Y14R signaling increased lipolysis in adipocytes, as plasma free fatty acids levels was elevated in Ad-P2Y14-KO in the fasting state. Liver weight was decreased in Ad-P2Y14-KO indicating a lack of ectopic deposition of fat due to enhanced lipolysis. Mechanistic studies are underway to link the observed phenotype with P2Y14R signaling in adipocytes. Disclosure S. Jain: None. K.A. Jacobson: None.
A complexity scalable entropy coding scheme for video compression (2012)

In hybrid video coding, an entropy coding scheme transmits the quantized transform coefficients, resulting from block-based transformation and quantization of the difference between the prediction signal and the original signal, and additional side information. The state-of-the-art hybrid video coding standard H.264/AVC defines two different entropy coding schemes with different complexity-performance tradeoff. As a result, the support for two different entropy coding schemes has to be maintained and introduces several problems. To overcome these issues, a unified solution is proposed, which is based on the PIPE/V2V coding concept. It achieves the same complexity-performance trade-offs as the existing entropy coding schemes by scalability. The advantage of the proposed scheme over the existing concept is the usage of the same set of tools for all configurations. Simulation results and complexity analysis on hardware show the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Simultaneous Generation of Assembly Plans and Schedules in Electronics Assembly Operations (1994)

Assembly planning and scheduling are two major functions in circuit board manufacturing. Currently, assembly plans are developed in the absence of information about the state of the shop floor at the execution time of the assembly operation. In effect, these assembly plans may impose unnecessary restrictions on scheduling. As a result, scheduling conflicts, bottlenecks, imbalance in assembly lines and machine congestion that lead to lateness and excessive production and shipping costs are inevitable. Compares the performances of the traditional method of isolated planning and scheduling with a proposed method of simultaneous generation of assembly plans and schedules in electronic assembly operations. Simulated scenarios indicate the potential superiority of the integrated system.
Microsecond photoresponse in liquid crystalline photoconductor doped with C70 under illumination of visible light (1999)

Steady-state and transient photocurrent measurements were carried out for C70-doped liquid crystalline photoconductor, 2-(4′-octylphenyl)-6-dodecyloxy-naphthalene (8-PNP-O12) in order to clarify its spectral photosensitization in visible region. The C70-doped liquid crystal cells exhibited a photoresponse in visible region of 400–700 nm corresponding to the optical absorption of C70. In the time-of-flight measurement, the fast transient photosignals with fast rise and decay on the order of microseconds were obtained even in a bulk excitation condition, which is governed by the carrier transit. These indicated that C70 can inject both electron and hole into 8-PNP-O12 when photoexcited and does not deteriorate the carrier transport, demonstrating a possible application of liquid crystalline photoconductors to high-speed photosensors with a fast response in microseconds.
Regulation of interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor gene expression in human T cells: I. Effect of Ca2+-ionophore on phorbol myristate acetate co-stimulated cells. (1987)

Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and with the calcium ionophore A23187. The resulting accumulation of specific mRNA for interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), as well as IL-2 secretion and membrane IL-2R expression were examined. At low concentrations (0.1 microM), A23187 synergized maximally with PMA to induce proliferation, to increase IL-2R mRNA levels and the expression of membrane IL-2R, and to produce a low but sufficient accumulation of IL-2 mRNA and IL-2 secretion. A high concentration of A23187 (1.0 microM) did not show any synergism for the accumulation of IL-2R mRNA, membrane IL-2R expression and inhibited the proliferation of PMA co-stimulated T cells. It did, however, induce maximum accumulation of IL-2 mRNA and IL-2 secretion.
Supplementary Table 4 from The Transcription Factor ZNF217 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target during Breast Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 29K, Overlapping adult stem cell signature genes. List of overlapping genes between our dataset (this study) and our adult stem cell signature, which is downregulated in many epithelial cancers relative to normal tissue. Primary MECs overexpressing Znf217 significantly repressed genes of the adult stem cell signature (P=1.89x10-10)&lt;/p&gt;
Linear capacity equivalence between multiple multicast and multiple unicast (2014)

An equivalence between multiple multicast and multiple unicast network codes is proven in a 2007 paper by Dougherty and Zeger. A related equivalence between multiple multicast and multiple unicast capacity for general (possibly noisy) memoryless networks is proven in a 2013 paper by the current authors. While the construction used in the proof from the earlier paper maps any linear code for one network to a linear code for the other network, the construction from the later paper does not necessarily preserve linearity. As a result, the 2013 result does not prove an equivalence between the capacity achievable by linear codes in memoryless multiple multicast and memoryless multiple unicast networks. The linear capacity equivalence for memoryless multiple multicast and multiple unicast networks is proven in this work.
On the Difference between 3D Imaging and 3D Metrology for Computed Tomography (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Considerations of 3D Imaging, Inspection, and Metrology Industrial 3D Metrology Based on X-ray Computed Tomography Conclusions References
GUIDELINES FOR FREE RIGHT-TURN LANES AT UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS ON RURAL TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS. FINAL REPORT (1995)

Free right-turn (FRT) lanes are turning roadways at intersections that provide for free-flowing right-turn movements. The objective of the research presented in this report was to develop guidelines for FRT lanes at unsignalized intersections on rural two-lane highways in Nebraska. The development of the guidelines was based on a benefit-cost analysis, which determined the right-turn volumes required to justify the construction and maintenance of FRT lanes at these locations. The research involved the evaluation of the operational and safety effects of FRT lanes. The operational effects of FRT lanes were analyzed using kinematic and traffic flow models. Accident data analysis, field studies, and computer simulation of truck dynamics were used to evaluate the safety effects of FRT lanes. The results of these analyses were also used to determine acceptable design criteria for FRT lanes. A survey of other state agencies was conducted to identify any existing guidelines, design criteria, and experience that might be useful in developing the guidelines and evaluating the design criteria. Also, the concerns of citizens opposed to the removal of FRT lanes were examined in an effort to develop guidelines that might effectively address these concerns. The results of the research indicate that design-year right-turn AADTs ranging from 440 to 825 vehicles per day, depending on the percentage of trucks, are required to warrant a FRT lane at an unsignalized intersection of rural two-lane highways. A design speed of 40 mph was found to be a realistic design speed and the most cost-effective design speed for FRT lanes. However, design speeds up to 55 mph do not significantly reduce the cost effectiveness of a FRT lane. The AASHTO design criteria for curves on open highways were found to be appropriate for designing the curvature of FRT lanes. The AASHTO criteria for minimum-radii intersection curves were not acceptable. Also, acceleration lanes were found to improve the safety of the merging operations associated with FRT lanes. The results of the accident data analysis do not support the perceptions of concerned citizens regarding the safety benefits of FRT lanes. FRT lanes were not found to affect the frequency, severity, or types of accidents that occur at unsignalized intersections on rural two-lane highways. Thus, FRT lanes should not be perceived, or promoted, as traffic safety improvements. The benefits of FRT lanes are limited to improving the efficiency of right-turn movements.
Monophosphine Ligands Promote Pd-Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling Reactions at Room Temperature with Soluble Bases (2019)

The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of thiols with aromatic electrophiles is a reliable method for the synthesis of aryl thioethers, which are important compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. Since thiols and thiolates strongly bind late transition metals, previous research has focused on catalysts supported by chelating, bisphosphine ligands, which were considered less likely to be displaced during the course of the reaction. We show that by using monophosphine ligands instead, more effective catalysis can be achieved. Notably, compared to previous methods, this increased reactivity allows for the use of much lower reaction temperature, soluble bases, and base-sensitive substrates. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our mechanistic data suggest that the extent of displacement of phosphine ligands by thiols is, firstly, not correlated with the ligand bulk or thiol nucleophilicity, and secondly, not predictive of the effectiveness of a given ligand in combination with palladium.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown in hydrogen atmosphere: An x-ray diffraction study (2001)

X-ray diffraction study of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) grown by arc discharge in hydrogen atmosphere is presented. It is found that the thermal-expansion coefficient along the radial direction of MWNT is widely distributed in a range from $1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5} {\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to $2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5} {\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ indicating the existence of both of Russian doll MWNT and highly defective MWNT. Russian doll MWNT is suggested to have the outer diameter less than $\ensuremath{\sim}100 \mathrm{}\mathrm{\AA{}}\mathrm{}.$ Thicker MWNT's are typically highly defective, and may have the jelly roll (scroll) or defective polygonal structure consisting of flat graphite domains.
Distributed localization and tracking with coordinated and uncoordinated motion models (2009)

This paper introduces the MDL algorithm for distributed localization in a network of mobile agents in R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> , m ¿ 1. The algorithm requires the dynamic agents with unknown locations to lie in the convex hull of at least m + 1 mobile or static anchors that can track their positions over time perfectly. Under minimal assumptions on network connectivity and local triangulation at each agent, we show that the MDL algorithm leads to convergence of the estimated agent locations to the true locations under general deterministic motion models. In addition, MDL exhibits desirable tracking performance in random environments also and we explicitly characterize the steady state tracking error in such environments. A significant feature of the algorithm is its distributed nature, where each agent updates its current location estimate based on its neighbors' estimates and current local barycentric coordinates, computed using only local information. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the approach.
Selective quantitation of vapors and their mixtures using individual passive multivariable RFID sensors (2010)

We demonstrate passive (battery-free) radio frequency identification (RFID) devices for selective and sensitive chemical vapor sensing in the presence of ambient interfering gases. We developed two approaches for RFID sensing (1) when a sensing material is applied onto the resonant antenna to alter its impedance response and (2) when a complementary sensor is attached across an antenna and an integrated circuit (IC) memory chip to alter the impedance response of the sensor. In both approaches, these RFID sensors combine several measured parameters of impedance response with the multivariate analysis of these parameters. Thus, these individual sensors provide a unique capability of multiparameter sensing and rejection of environmental interferences. Sensitivity of developed RFID sensors provides detection of vapors at part-per-billion and part-per-million concentrations. Selectivity of developed RFID sensors facilitates selective quantitation of different individual vapors and their mixtures with a single sensor. Our passive RFID sensors were interrogated by the sensor reader at distances ranging from 0 to 33 cm and demonstrated their reliable operation even at the largest tested distance. In our sensing implementations, not the sensor but the sensor reader provides a 16-bit resolution and high signal-to-noise of the acquired signal. Rejection of interferences with a single sensor and the independence from costly proprietary RFID memory chips that have an analog input promise to impact numerous sensing applications.
Electrowetting on Arrayed Carbon Nanofibers (2006)

Electrowetting on arrayed carbon nanofibers has been demonstrated. The testing structure consists of Si/carbon nanofibers/dielectric/fluoropolymer/liquid. Nanofibers were patterned on 5×5 μm pitch which resulted in superhydrophobic behavior for water (θ>150°). Via electrowetting, liquid contact angle was shown to be irreversibly reducible to θ∼100°. Electrowetting using a competitive two-liquid (oil/water) system was shown to be reversible. The nanofibers terminate in a <25 nm radius tip. This small tip size results in effectively zero capacitance for water in the dewetted state. As electrowetting increased with applied voltage, the wetting state was confirmed by measuring the capacitance and stored energy density for the liquid/nanofiber system.
Broadband acoustic invisibility and illusions (2021)

Rendering objects invisible to impinging acoustic waves (cloaking) and creating acoustic illusions (holography) has been attempted using active and passive approaches. While most passive methods are inflexible and applicable only to narrow frequency bands, active approaches attempt to respond dynamically, interfering with broadband incident or scattered wavefields by emitting secondary waves. Without prior knowledge of the primary wavefield, the signals for the secondary sources need to be estimated and adapted in real time. This has thus far impeded active cloaking and holography for broadband wavefields. We present experimental results of active acoustic cloaking and holography without prior knowledge of the wavefield so that objects remain invisible and illusions intact even for broadband moving sources. This opens previously inaccessible research directions and facilitates practical applications including architectural acoustics, education, and stealth.