gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Considerations for the use of plasma in pre-wire bond applications (2004)

Integrated circuits continue to shrink in size, and the associated decrease in size of the wire bond pad on both the die and substrate presents substantial challenges in the manufacturing process. To ensure high device reliability and minimize manufacturing costs, it is important to optimize the wire bonding process to ensure good bond strengths and yields. Poor bond strengths and low yields are often due to upstream contamination sources or the selection of materials in advanced packaging. Gas plasma technology can be used to clean pads prior to wire bonding to improve bond strengths and yields. Examples specific to epoxy bleed-out contamination and considerations regarding substrate material and device characteristics are discussed.
Design of Ru–Zeolites for Hydrogen‐Free Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acids (2011)

While conjugated vegetable oils are currently used as additives in the drying agents of oils and paints, they are also attractive molecules for making bio-plastics. Moreover, conjugated oils will soon be accepted as nutritional additives for "functional food" products. While current manufacture of conjugated vegetable oils or conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) uses a homogeneous base as isomerisation catalyst, a heterogeneous alternative is not available today. This contribution presents the direct production of CLAs over Ru supported on different zeolites, varying in topology (ZSM-5, BETA, Y), Si/Al ratio and countercation (H(+), Na(+), Cs(+)). Ru/Cs-USY, with a Si/Al ratio of 40, was identified as the most active and selective catalyst for isomerisation of methyl linoleate (cis-9,cis-12 (C18:2)) to CLA at 165 °C. Interestingly, no hydrogen pre-treatment of the catalyst or addition of hydrogen donors is required to achieve industrially relevant isomerisation productivities, namely, 0.7 g of CLA per litre of solvent per minute. Moreover, the biologically most active CLA isomers, namely, cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12 and trans-9,trans-11, were the main products, especially at low catalyst concentrations. Ex situ physicochemical characterisation with CO chemisorption, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and temperature-programmed oxidation reveals the presence of highly dispersed RuO(2) species in Ru/Cs-USY(40).
The Chromophobe Tumor Grading System is the Preferred Grading Scheme for Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Chromophobe tumor grade effectively stratifies patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma across all grading levels. Since it does not rely on nuclear features, it avoids the hazard of overestimating the malignant potential of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Overall chromophobe tumor grade has higher predictive accuracy than the Fuhrman nuclear grading system.
Field Measurements of Wake Flow Behind a Large Wind Turbine (2004)

Wind power generation in Japan has shown marked increase in recent years. From a power system point of view, since a wind turbine is an intermittent generator with large output fluctuation, increase of wind turbines causes considerable concerns on their adverse effects on power quality such as frequency and voltage deviation. Especially in wind farm, additional factors inherent to wind farm are expected to affect the fluctuation of its power output along with the output fluctuation of a single wind turbine. Because most of the output fluctuation arises from that of inflow wind for each wind turbine, modeling wake flow is indispensable in order to estimate the output fluctuation of wind farm. In this study, rotor wake of a wind turbine was examined both in field measurement and wind tunnel. Experimental expression for wake radius, velocity deficit, and turbulence intensity in a wake region is obtained with the results from these measurements.
Analysis of Brain SPECT Images Coregistered with MRI in Patients with Epilepsy: Comparison of Three Methods (2018)

Our study demonstrated that STATISCOM showed the best performance for seizure localization, which was closely followed by MIMneuro. In addition, MIMneuro was not inferior to SISCOM with either z-score.
Review article: the role of pharmaco‐therapy for acute variceal haemorrhage in the era of endoscopic haemostasis (1997)

In the last decade, endoscopic haemostasis, including injection sclerotherapy and variceal ligation has become the standard method for the treatment of variceal haemorrhage. While the use of vasopressin has been hampered by severe side effects, the development of new vasoactive agents such as terlipressin, somatostatin and octreotide has opened new indications for these pharmacological therapies. These agents are effective, safe and easy to use. They could be recommended as stop-gap treatment before endoscopy can be arranged. They can also be used as adjunct therapy for endoscopic haemostasis in acute variceal haemorrhage.
Applicability Analysis of PTN Technology in Henan Electric Power Transmission Network (2014)

Power communication network is an important part of an intelligent grid. This paper focuses on problems in Henan electric power transmission network, analyzes business requirements, technical routes and implementation of programmed areas, and summarizes the technical advantages of PTN technology in the standard process. Application of PTN technology in Henan electric power transmission network can solve the problem of surging data service. Fully taking into account the current and long term investment benefits, its comprehensive benefit is greater than a comprehensive upgrade of SDH equipment.
The neuropeptide neuromedin U promotes autoantibody-mediated arthritis (2012)

NMU-deficient mice are protected from developing autoantibody-induced inflammatory arthritis. NMU derived from hematopoietic cells, not neurons, promotes the development of autoantibody-induced inflammatory arthritis. This effect is mediated by a receptor other than the currently known NMU receptors.
SGAligner : 3D Scene Alignment with Scene Graphs (2023)

Building 3D scene graphs has recently emerged as a topic in scene representation for several embodied AI applications to represent the world in a structured and rich manner. With their increased use in solving downstream tasks (eg, navigation and room rearrangement), can we leverage and recycle them for creating 3D maps of environments, a pivotal step in agent operation? We focus on the fundamental problem of aligning pairs of 3D scene graphs whose overlap can range from zero to partial and can contain arbitrary changes. We propose SGAligner, the first method for aligning pairs of 3D scene graphs that is robust to in-the-wild scenarios (ie, unknown overlap -- if any -- and changes in the environment). We get inspired by multi-modality knowledge graphs and use contrastive learning to learn a joint, multi-modal embedding space. We evaluate on the 3RScan dataset and further showcase that our method can be used for estimating the transformation between pairs of 3D scenes. Since benchmarks for these tasks are missing, we create them on this dataset. The code, benchmark, and trained models are available on the project website.
Chemical Synthesis in Microreactors (2009)

To develop a new generation of drugs, pharmaceutical companies need to be able to synthesise and screen novel chemicals with enhanced speed. New technology that would enable a cost neutral step change in the number of potential drug candidates would provide a distinct competitive advantage. Indeed the miniaturisation of chemical reactors offers many fundamental and practical advantages of relevance to the pharmaceutical industry, who are constantly searching for controllable, information-rich, high-throughput, environmentally friendly methods of producing products with a high degree of chemical selectivity. This chapter reviews the current and future applications of microreactors that could enhance the drug discovery process.
Geometric formulation, classification and methods for power electronic systems (2002)

A systematic approach to the formulation of continuous-time dynamic equations for switching power converters is presented. A new modeling formalism for semiconductor switches is developed as part of this approach. The general structure of the equations is investigated, and, based on a geometric interpretation of the equations, a classification scheme is proposed. Nonlinear methods for analysis and control appropriate to each class are examined. A comparison of current mode and voltage mode DC-DC power converter control is presented as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-terminal secrecy in a linear non-coherent packetized networks (2012)

We consider a group of m+1 trusted nodes that aim to create a shared secret key K over a network in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, Eve. We assume a linear non-coherent network coding broadcast channel (over a finite field F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> ) from one of the honest nodes (i.e., Alice) to the rest of them including Eve. All of the trusted nodes can also discuss over a cost-free public channel which is also overheard by Eve. For this setup, we propose upper and lower bounds for the secret key generation capacity assuming that the field size q is very large. For the case of two trusted terminals (m = 1) our upper and lower bounds match and we have complete characterization for the secrecy capacity in the large field size regime.
Quantitation of Urinary Somatomedin-C and Growth Hormone in Preterm and Fullterm Infants and Normal Children (1988)

Urinary GH and somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) excretion were measured in 12-h urine collections obtained from 43 infants (27 stable preterm infants and 16 healthy fullterm infants) and 31 normal children, aged 3-17 yr. Urinary Sm-C/IGF-I was excreted as the free hormone, since no binding of radiolabeled Sm-C/IGF-I to any urine protein with a mol wt similar to those described for plasma Sm-C/IGF-I-binding proteins was found. The preterm infants excreted significantly more urinary GH [13.5 +/- 2.1 (+/- SE) ng/kg.12 h] than either the fullterm infants (5.3 +/- 1.6 ng/kg.12h) or the children (0.27 +/- 0.02 ng/kg.12 h; P less than 0.01). The mean urinary Sm-C/IGF-I excretion in the preterm infants (98.9 +/- 7.5 mU/kg.12 h) was comparable to that in fullterm infants (87.6 +/- 9.7 mU/kg.12 h); both groups excreted significantly more urinary Sm-C/IGF-I than children (28.4 +/- 2.1 mU/kg.12 h; P less than 0.01). The group differences were similar when the results were expressed in terms of creatinine excretion. Urinary GH excretion correlated positively with urinary Sm-C/IGF-I excretion (r = 0.68). The higher output of these peptides in rapidly growing infants and their positive correlation in urine provide additional support for the Sm hypothesis.
Aqueous Electrolyte Compatible Electrochromic Polymers Processed from an Environmentally Sustainable Solvent (2018)

Developing aqueous electrolyte compatible, redox-active polymers that can be processed from environmentally sustainable solvents is desirable because these traits will effectively reduce environmental impact and human health hazards during processing procedures and in the final device architecture. To achieve organic solvent solubility and aqueous compatibility, a poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) containing four ester functionalities was synthesized via direct arylation polymerization. The resulting polymer was spray-cast into a thin film from the environmentally sustainable solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and the presence of multiple polar functionalities rendered the film aqueous electrolyte compatible. The multiester-functionalized polymer exhibits a relatively low onset of oxidation (∼0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl) and electrochromic character by transitioning from a colored neutral state to a colorless oxidized state with increasing potential in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous electrolyte. Additionally, the ester-functionalized polymer exhibits similar electrochromic properties in aqueous electrolytes when compared to traditional alkyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes) in organic electrolytes, as evidenced by contrast values of ∼70% and switching speeds of ∼2 s. This work highlights the use of multipolar functionalities as a design strategy for synthesizing organic solvent processable, aqueous electrolyte compatible redox-active polymers without postpolymerization modifications or the sacrifice of electrochromic properties.
Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue remodelling during the anagen—catagen transition of the human hair follicle (1997)

The transition from the growth phase (anagen) to the involution phase (catagen) involves profound morphological changes in the human hair follicle. Club hair and epithelial column formation, for example, are key features of the catagen phase, which result in the disruption of physical interaction between the bulb and the dermal papilla. However, the dynamics and tissue remodelling that occur during this involution process remain largely unknown. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against K14 keratin, trichohyalin, transglutaminase I, desmoglein and Ki-67 antigen, we followed the movements of each of the main hair follicle compartments during the onset of catagen. Our results indicate that the inner root sheath is an early target in this process, suggesting a key role for this compartment in the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis.
International guidelines for the flow cytometric evaluation of peripheral blood for suspected Sézary syndrome or mycosis fungoides: Assay development/optimization, validation, and ongoing quality monitors (2020)

Introducing a sensitive and specific peripheral blood flow cytometric assay for Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides (SS/MF) requires careful selection of assay design characteristics, and translation into a laboratory developed assay through development/optimization, validation, and continual quality monitoring. As outlined in a previous article in this series, the recommended design characteristics of this assay include at a minimum, evaluation of CD7, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD26, and CD45, analyzed simultaneously, requiring at least a 6 color flow cytometry system, with both quantitative and qualitative components. This article provides guidance from an international group of cytometry specialists in implementing an assay to those design specifications, outlining specific considerations, and best practices. Key points presented in detail are: (a) Pre-analytic components (reagents, specimen processing, and acquisition) must be optimized to: (i) identify and characterize an abnormal population of T-cells (qualitative component) and (ii) quantitate the abnormal population (semi/quasi-quantitative component). (b)Analytic components (instrument set-up/acquisition/analysis strategy and interpretation) must be optimized for the identification of SS/MF populations, which can vary widely in phenotype. Comparison with expert laboratories is strongly encouraged in order to establish competency. (c) Assay performance must be validated and documented through a validation plan and report, which covers both qualitative and semi/quasi-quantitative assay components (example template provided). (d) Ongoing assay-specific quality monitoring should be performed to ensure consistency.
Stabilization of RelB Requires Multidomain Interactions with p100/p52 (2008)

The NF-kappaB family member RelB has many properties not shared by other family members such as restricted subunit association and lack of regulation by the classical IkappaB proteins. We show that the protein level of RelB is significantly reduced in the absence of p100 and reduced even more when both p100 and p105 are absent. RelB stabilizes itself by directly interacting with p100, p105, and their processed products. However, RelB forms complexes with its partners using different interaction modes. Although the C-terminal ankyrin repeat domain of p105 is not involved in the RelB-p105 complex formation, all domains and flexible regions of each protein are engaged in the RelB-p100 complex. In several respects the RelB-p52 and RelB-p100 complexes are unique in the NF-kappaB family. The N-terminal domain of p100/p52 interacts with RelB but not RelA. The transcriptional activation domain of RelB, but not RelA, directly interacts with the processing region of p100. These unique protein-protein contacts explain why RelB prefers p52 as its dimeric partner for transcriptional activity and is retained in the cytoplasm as an inhibited complex by p100. This association-mediated stabilization of RelB implies a possible role for RelB in the processing of p100 into p52.
Sensitivity assessment of workflows detecting rare circulating cell-free DNA targets: A study design proposal (2021)

The field of liquid biopsy has seen extensive growth in recent decades, making it one of the most promising areas in molecular diagnostics. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) especially is used as an analyte in a growing number of diagnostic assays. These assays require specified preanalytical workflows delivering ccfDNA in qualities and quantities that facilitate correct and reliable results. As each step and component used in the preanalytical process has the potential to influence the assay sensitivity and other performance characteristics, it is key to find an unbiased experimental setup to test these factors in diagnostic or research laboratories. We defined one such setup by using blood from healthy subjects and commercially available products for blood collection, spike-in material, ccfDNA isolation, and qPCR assays. As the primary read-out, we calculated the probit model-based LOD95 (limit of detection of the 95th percentile) from the qPCR assay results. In a proof of principle study we tested two different but widely used blood ccfDNA profile stabilization technologies in blood collection tubes, the Cell-Free DNA BCT and the PAXgene Blood ccfDNA Tube. We tested assays for three different EGFR gene mutations and one BRAF gene mutation. The study design revealed differences in performance between the two tested technologies for all four mutations. In conclusion, we successfully established a blueprint for a test procedure capable of verifying and validating a liquid biopsy workflow from blood collection to the analytical result.
Integrated Network Design Tools (INDT): a suite of network design tools for current and next generation networking technologies (2002)

Integrated Network Design Tools (INDT) is a suite of tools being developed at Bell Labs. This suite of tools is built on a flexible software architecture based on C++ and can provide optimal network design for a mix of private line, switched voice and switched multimedia services using a mix of circuit and ATM switches and cross connects and facilities with different bandwidth granularity. INDT also has the ability to design, in a standalone mode or in conjunction with logical designs, the core transport network using mesh and/or ring topologies and using PDH or SONET/SDH products. The transport network may be designed over existing fiber routes and capacities or the tool may be used to help decide the fiber layout. We focus on a new capability within INDT, viz., SONET ring design. We present a high level description of the various submodules in the ring network design and provide an overview of the main factors that influenced our algorithm development. We also present sample studies of our approach to intra-ring load balancing as well as our economic quantification of penalties due to dual ring interconnect (DRI) and other features of interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐ and Enzyme‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of (Z,E)‐1(10),4‐ Cyclodecadiene Derivatives as Model Systems for Melampolides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE NEUROENDOCRINE PROTEIN 7B2 CAN BE INACTIVATED BY PHOSPHORYLATION WITHIN THE SECRETORY PATHWAY (2006)

The prohormone convertases (PCs) play important roles in the maturation of neuropeptides and peptide hormone precursors. PC2 is the only convertase which requires the expression of another neuroendocrine protein, 7B2, for expression of enzymatic activity. In this study we determined that 7B2 can be phosphorylated in Rin cells (a rat insulinoma cell line) and cultured chromaffin cells, but not in AtT‐20 cells (derived from mouse anterior pituitary). Phosphoaminoacid analysis of Rin cell 7B2 indicated the presence of phosphorylated serine and threonine. The phosphorylation of Ser115, located within the 36‐residue minimally‐active peptide, was confirmed by mutagenesis, although Ser115 did not represent the sole residue phosphorylated. Two independent assays were used to investigate the effect of phosphorylated 7B2 on PC2 activation: the ability of 7B2 to bind to proPC2, assessed by coimmunoprecipitation; and activation of proPC2 in a cell‐free assay. Phosphorylated 7B2 was unable to bind proPC2, and phosphorylated 7B2 peptide (residues 86‐121, previously shown to be the minimally active peptide for proPC2 activation) was impaired in its ability to facilitate the generation of PC2 activity in membrane fractions containing proPC2. In vitro phosphorylation experiments using Golgi membrane fractions showed that 7B2 could be phosphorylated by endogenous Golgi kinases. Golgi kinase activity was well inhibited by the broad range kinase inhibitor staurosporine and partially inhibited by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I, but not by the other PKA, CaM kinase II, MLCK, or PKG inhibitors tested. We conclude that phosphorylation of 7B2 functionally inactivates this protein and suggest that this may be analogous to the phosphorylating inactivation of BiP which impairs its ability to bind substrate.
Inhibition of tumorigenesis in mouse skin by leupeptin, a protease inhibitor from Actinomycetes. (1972)

Leupeptin, with the structure N -acetyl( N -propionyl)-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-dl-argininal, was isolated from Actinomycetes and is a potent and specific inhibitor of proteases. In this work, leupeptin was found to inhibit tumorigenesis in mouse skin induced by a single, noncarcinogenic dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene followed by repeated application of croton oil. Tumors that had already been induced were scarcely affected by leupeptin.

The activity of p -toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester esterase in mouse skin was markedly increased by treatment with croton oil and was inhibited by leupeptin both in vitro and in vivo . The effect of leupeptin in repressing tumorigenesis seems to be due to its inhibition of p -toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester esterase in the skin and not to a direct effect on tumors.