gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxy: Programmable Atom Equivalents versus Atoms* (2020)

1160The programmability of DNA makes it an attractive structuredirecting ligand for the assembly of nanoparticle (NP) superlattices in a manner that mimics many aspects of atomic crystallization. However, the synthesis of multilayer single crystals of defined size remains a challenge. Though previous studies considered lattice mismatch as the major limiting factor for multilayer assembly, thin-film growth depends on many interlinked variables. Here, a more comprehensive approach is taken to study fundamental elements, such as the growth temperature and the thermodynamics of interfacial energetics, to achieve epitaxial growth of NP thin films. Both surface morphology and internal thin-film structure are examined to provide an understanding of particle attachment and reorganization during growth. Under equilibrium conditions, single-crystalline, multilayer thin films can be synthesized over 500 × 500 μm areas on lithographically patterned templates, whereas deposition under kinetic conditions leads to the rapid growth of glassy films. Importantly, these superlattices follow the same patterns of crystal growth demonstrated in atomic thin-film deposition, allowing these processes to be understood in the context of well-studied atomic epitaxy and enabling a nanoscale model to study fundamental crystallization processes. Through understanding the role of epitaxy as a driving force for NP assembly, we are able to realize 3D architectures of arbitrary domain geometry and size.
Inkjet printed carbon nanotubes in short channel field effect transistors: influence of nanotube distortion and gate insulator interface modification (2016)

We report on the effects of mechanical distortion and gate insulator-semiconductor interface modification on the electronic transport characteristics of inkjet printed short channel length single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors with Al2O3 top gate insulators. In these transistors, which are typically ambipolar, the average nanotube length is greater than the source-drain (S/D) spacing resulting in individual SWCNTs spanning the entire channel length. Mechanical distortion of the nanotubes due to bending near source and drain contacts when they are not recessed is found to suppress electron transport and transform the ambipolar transistors into p-type devices. Inclusion of printed interfacial polymer layers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) between the SWCNTs and Al2O3 also results in p-type doping and reductions in electron transport. We discuss mechanisms responsible for these effects.
Risk of Clostridium difficile Infection Following PEG Tube Placement: A Comparison of Outpatient and Inpatient Setting (2010)

Purpose: Previous reports have suggested that both perioperative antibacterial prophylaxis (PAP) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube predispose to Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease (CDED). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of CDED after PEG placement among a cohort of inpatient and outpatient veterans. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed using data from the Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 16. This database contains clinical and demographic information about all veterans cared for at the ten VA Medical Centers that comprise the South Central VA Healthcare Network in the mid-south region of the U.S. Aggregate data about admission status, age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), history of renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) were obtained in all patients underwent PEG tube placement during the period 8/1/2000 to 12/31/2008. The primary outcome was occurrence of CDED within 2 months after PEG placement. Rates of CDED were then compared between those who received the PEG tube as an outpatient versus those as an inpatient. Results: A total of 5210 patients received a PEG tube during the study interval; 3645 received PEG tube as inpatient and 1565 as an outpatient. Median age of the inpatients and outpatients were comparable. Patients who received PEG tube as an outpatient were more likely than inpatients to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.9-2.5, p<0.0005) and have received proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, p<0.0005) but less likely to have a diagnosis of renal failure (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.4-0.5, p<0.0005). CDED developed in 121 patients; 26 (1.7%) of the outpatients and 95 (2.6%) inpatients (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.02-2.45, p=0.04). Evaluation of a sample from the overall cohort (434 patients (299 inpatients and 135 outpatients), 8% of total group) indicated inpatients were more frequently on 2 or more antibiotics at the time of PEG insertion relative to outpatients (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.9-16.1, p<0.0005). Two percent of the sample cohort (9 patients) had CDED with 4 having recurrent infection. Conclusion: This study indicates that CDED does occur at a relatively high rate following PEG placement, and it is significantly higher as an inpatient. The higher rate observed among inpatients can be multi-factorial.
GaN-based microdisk light emitting diodes on (111)-oriented nanosilicon-on-insulator templates (2008)

InGaN/GaN microdisk light emitting diodes (LEDs) on (111)-oriented nanosilicon-on-insulator (nano-SOI) substrates are demonstrated. The (111)-oriented thin SOI substrates are prepared by separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) method. The InGaN/GaN LED structures are grown on these SIMOX templates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The circular mesa patterns are created by standard LED processing steps including photolithography, inductively coupled plasma etching, and contact metallization. Due to the reflectivity changes at the bottom Si/SiO2 interfaces beneath AlN buffer, an improved light extraction from these LEDs has been observed. The room-temperature electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the microdisk LEDs on SOI shows multiple interference peaks due to the reflections at the Fabry-Pérot boundaries and such effect resulted in an increased integrated EL intensity. For a comparative analysis of light extraction with respect to similar LED structures grown on bulk Si(111), a detailed reflectivity analysis has been carried out to verify the LED structures and to model the EL lineshapes.
Computational foundations of image interpolation algorithms (2007)

Image interpolation is an important image processing operation applied in diverse areas ranging from computer graphics, rendering, editing, medical image reconstruction, to online image viewing. Image interpolation techniques are referred in literature by many terminologies, such as image resizing, image resampling, digital zooming, image magnification or enhancement, etc. Basically, an image interpolation algorithm is used to convert an image from one resolution (dimension) to another resolution without loosing the visual content in the picture. Image interpolation algorithms can be grouped in two categories, non-adaptive and adaptive. The computational logic of an adaptive image interpolation technique is mostly dependent upon the intrinsic image features and contents of the input image whereas computational logic of a non-adaptive image interpolation technique is fixed irrespective of the input image features. In this paper, we review the progress of both non-adaptive and adaptive image interpolation techniques. We also proposed a new algorithm for image interpolation in discrete wavelet transform domain and shown its efficacy. We describe the underlying computational foundations of all these algorithms and their implementation techniques. We present some experimental results to show the impact of these algorithms in terms of image quality metrics and computational requirements for implementation.
07081 Abstracts Collection --- End-User Software Engineering (2007)

From 18.01.07 to 23.02.07, the Dagstuhl Seminar 07081 ``End-User Software Engineering'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
Type II Hydride Transferases from Different Microorganisms Yield Nitrite and Diarylamines from Polynitroaromatic Compounds (2008)

Homogenous preparations of XenB of Pseudomonas putida, pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase of Enterobacter cloacae, and N-ethylmaleimide reductase of Escherichia coli, all type II hydride transferases of the Old Yellow Enzyme family of flavoproteins, are shown to reduce the polynitroaromatic compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The reduction of this compound yields hydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes and Meisenheimer dihydride complexes, which, upon condensation, yield stoichiometric amounts of nitrite and diarylamines, implying that type II hydride transferases are responsible for TNT denitration, a process with important environmental implications for TNT remediation.
Optically powered smart pixels (1991)

Recently, there is an increasing interest in smart pixel arrays for use in high density, high bandwidth interconnection networks. 1 , 2 Optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) are attractive components for such arrays. There are, however, critical limitations associated with 2-D chip architectures that prevent the OEIC-based design from achieving the expected high performance. One issue is the electrical voltage supply and pixel logic control lines which must be routed to each pixel. The nonzero impedance of these interconnects introduces crosstalk which ultimately limits the bandwidth of the system. In addition, the dc bias lines and their associated ac decoupling circuitry consume valuable chip area. We propose a novel interconnection architecture to confront the issues of crosstalk and layout, which utilizes the principle of optically powered smart pixels. 3 Here, optical powering is locally provided to each pixel using an integrated photovoltaic cell. In this paper, we demonstrate an optically powered, integrated smart pixel. The InP based circuit can be dynamically tuned with an optical control beam to operate as an amplifier, bistable switch or as a latch/reset. The circuit has an optoelectronic gain of 2.5–11, and operates at 80 Mbit/s with an optical switching energy of only 3.8 pJ.
Ginsenoside composition of Panax ginseng flower extracts obtained using different high hydrostatic pressure extraction conditions (2019)

Hyun Soo Kim, Gyu Ri Kim, Donghyun Kim, Cheng-Yi Zhang, Eun-Soo Lee, Nok Hyun Park, Junseong Park, Chang Seok Lee, Moon Sam Shin. J Plant Biotechnol 2019;46:56-60. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2019.46.1.056
Pilot Study on Application for Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Spectra (2022)

In this work an application for analysis of the spectrum in magnetic resonance spectroscopy is presented. For the purpose of analysis a dedicated, custom program was developed. Furthermore, the work presents the principle of operation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its application, mainly in oncology. We also describe an application developed to load the file in the DICOM standard using the Graphical User Interface window, determine the parameters for the appropriate metabolites necessary for the Gaussian function, estimate the concentration of metabolites and the relations between them. Some example usage Some example usage of the application is also included in the paper.
Structural requirements for agonist actions at the benzodiazepine receptor: studies with analogs of 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-.beta.-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1990)

The analogues 2, 3, 8a-c, 9, 13, and 14 of the beta-carboline 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ZK-93423, 1) were synthesized in order to determine which functional groups are required for agonist activity exhibited by the parent compound 1 at the benzodiazepine receptor (BzR). The potencies of these compounds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo; the beta-carbolines 2, 8a-c, and 13 were found to exhibit high affinity (0.5-22 nM) for BzR, but in vivo studies demonstrated they were not anticonvulsant while analogues 8a and 8b antagonized the effects of diazepam. These results are in agreement with the model proposed for the pharmacophore of the agonist site (domain) of the BzR, which requires the interaction of two sites of electron density [N(2) and C(4)], a third at E+ (electrostatic or steric), and two of lipophilicity [C(3) and C(6)] of the ligand with the BzR protein (see Figure 1). The pharmacophore for the agonist site is derived from the structure-activity relationships of the benzodiazepines, pyrazoloquinolines, and the beta-carboline 1, and compared to interactions required for ligand inverse agonist activity.
Design of low noise transimpedance amplifier for Intravascular Ultrasound (2009)

In this paper, we study transimpedance amplifiers for capacitive sensing applications with a focus on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We employ RF noise cancellation technique on capacitive feedback based transimpedance amplifiers. This technique eliminates the input-referred noise of TIAs completely and enhances the dynamic range of front-end electronics. Simulation results verify the proposed technique used in two different TIA topologies employing shunt-shunt feedback.
Preliminary Synthetic Studies of Methyllycaconitine, a Potent Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist: Rapid Syntheses of AE-Bicyclic Analogues (1996)

A series of bicyclic analogues incorporating the homocholine motif of methyllycaconitine has been prepared to test the hypothesis that this is the essential pharmacophore of this potent, selective nicotinic receptor antagonist. A double Mannich reaction has been employed to construct the 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane ring system, containing an N-ethylpiperidine moiety. The neopentyl-like alcohol was then esterified, using isatoic anhydride under basic conditions, to afford the corresponding anthranilate.
EUV mask process development and integration (2006)

It becomes increasingly important to have an integrated process for Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) mask fabrication in order to meet all the requirements for the 32 nm technology node and beyond. Intel Corporation established the EUV mask pilot line by introducing EUV-specific tool sets while capitalizing on the existing photomask technology and utilizing the standard photomask equipment and processes in 2004. Since then, significant progress has been made in many areas including absorber film deposition, mask patterning optimization, mask blank and patterned mask defect inspection, pattern defect repair, and EUV mask reflectivity metrology. In this paper we will present the EUV mask process with the integrated solution and the results of the mask patterning process, Ta-based in-house absorber film deposition, absorber dry etch optimization, EUV mask pattern defect inspection, absorber defect repair, and mask reflectivity performance. The EUV resist wafer print using the test masks that are fabricated in the EUV mask pilot line will be discussed as well.
Emerging applications of asymmetric dihydroxylation chemistry (2013)

Applications of recently discovered asymmetric dihydroxylation (ADH) of alkenes in synthetic organic chemisay have been described. ADH reaction has been successfully implemented in the synthes~s of several natural products, drugs and drug mtermed~ates. It has also been utillzed in kmetic resolut~on and double diastereoselections in a few cases. Key words: ADH, oxidation, unfunctionalized alkenes, dmls 1.
Content aware video encoding for adaptive HTTP streaming (2012)

We evaluate the impact of content encoding and present an improved encoding scheme for preparation of video content for adaptive streaming over HTTP. Current solutions are content agnostic and do not take advantage of frame level information such as scene changes. Experiments show that by using our model we can achieve savings in bitrate of up to 15 percent for the same quality level. This reduction in bandwidth is significant for services such as such as Internet streaming which takes up most of the bandwidth in peak hours.
Nanoimprint Lithography and the Role of Viscoelasticity in the Generation of Residual Stress in Model Polystyrene Patterns (2008)

Abstract Understanding polymer deformation during the nanoimprinting process is key to achieving robust polymer nanostructures. Information regarding this process can be extracted from monitoring the decay of the imprinted polymer patterns during thermal annealing. In the present work, the effect of both the molar mass and the imprinting temperature on the pattern decay behavior during thermal annealing is investigated. Previously, it was found that the decay rate is fastest for a highly entangled polymer due to the elastic recovery caused by the residual stress created during the imprinting process. The present paper demonstrates that this residual stress level can be modified through control of the imprinting temperature. These results are contrasted with those for an unentangled polymer over a similar range of imprinting temperatures, where it is found that the pattern decay is controlled by simple Newtonian flow. In particular, the pattern decay is well described by surface‐tension‐driven viscous flow, and no imprinting‐temperature effect is observed during thermal annealing. It is shown that the stability of the film against pattern decay can be optimized for moderately entangled polymer films. This effect is attributed to the competition between the effect of increased viscosity with increasing molar mass and increased residual stresses with entanglements. These observations provide guidance for the optimization of imprinting process in terms of selection of molar mass and processing temperatures.
Flow reproducibility of whole blood and other bodily fluids in simplified no reaction lateral flow assay devices (2017)

The "no reaction" lateral flow assay (nrLFA) uses a simplified LFA structure with no conjugate pad and no stored reagents. In the nrLFA, the capillary-based transport time or distance is the key indicator, rather than the outcome of a biochemical reaction. Hence, the calibration and reproducibility of the nrLFA device are critical. The capillary flow properties of several membrane types (nitrocellulose, nylon, cellulose acetate, polyethersulfone, and polyvinylidene difluoride) are evaluated. Flow rate evaluations of MilliporeSigma Hi-Flow™ Plus (HF075, HF135 and HF180) nitrocellulose membranes on nrLFA are performed using bodily fluids (whole blood, blood plasma, and artificial sweat). The results demonstrate that fluids with lower viscosity travel faster, and membranes with slower flow rate exhibit higher capability to distinguish fluids with different viscosities. Reproducibility tests of nrLFA are performed on HF075, demonstrating excellent reproducibility. The coefficient of variation for blood coagulation tests performed with the nrLFA using induced coagulation was 5% for the plasma front and 2% for the RBC front. The effects of variation in blood hematocrit and sample volume are also reported. The overall results indicate that the nrLFA approach has a high potential to be commercially developed as a blood monitoring point-of-care device with simple calibration capability and excellent reproducibility.
Combinatorial Methodology and Its Experimental Validation by Parallel Synthesis, Testing and Characterization of Solid Catalytic Materials (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Griffin, Robert G.: Perspectives of Magnetic Resonance (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Education 2 Postdoctoral Years 3 The Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory 4 Lipid and Membrane NMR 5 Retinal Proteins 6 MAS —Single Spins 7 MAS —Recoupling Experiments 8 High Field DNP and EPR 9 The Future 10 Biographical Sketch
Application of Silicon Carbide Photodiode Flame Temperature Sensors in an Active Combustion Pattern Factor Control System (2010)

This paper describes the development and initial application studies for an active combustion pattern factor controller (APFC) for gas turbines. The system is based around the use of a novel silicon carbide optical ultraviolet dual diode flame temperature sensor (FTS) developed by General Electric Co. The APFC system determines combustion flame temperatures, validates the values, and integrates an assessment of signal and combustion hardware health to determine how to trim the fuel flow to individual fuel nozzles. Key aspects of the system include the following: determination of each flame’s bulk temperature using the FTS, assessment of the reliability of the flame temperature data and physical combustion hardware health through analysis of the high-frequency output of the sensor, validation of the flame temperature signal using a data-driven approach, fusion of sensor “health indices” into the APFC to alter the trim control signal based on the health (or “believability”) of each sensor and fuel nozzle/combustor, fault-tolerant peak/valley detection and control module that selects individual fuel valves to target for reducing pattern factor while simultaneously balancing the overall fuel flow. The authors demonstrated feasibility of the approach by performing simulations using a quasi-2D T700 turbine engine model. Tests were run on the simulated platform with no faults, simulated sensor faults, and on a system with underlying combustion hardware issues. The final APFC system would be applicable for aviation, naval, and land-based commercial gas turbines, and can be used in closed-loop control or adapted as an open-loop advisory/diagnostic system.
Chain orientation and anisotropies in optical and dielectric properties in thin films of stiff polyimides (1992)

Abstract Thin films of poly( p ‐phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA‐PDA), prepared by thermal imidization of the precursor poly(amic acid) on substrates, have been investigated by optical waveguide, ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐VIS), infrared (IR), and dielectric spectroscopies. The polyimide films exhibit an extraordinarily large anisotropy in the refractive indices with the in‐plane index n ∥ = 1.806 and the out‐of‐plane index n ⊥ = 1.589 at 1064 nm wavelength. No discernible effect of the film thickness on this optical anisotropy is found between films of ca. 2.1 and ca. 7.8 μm thickness. This large birefringence is attributed to the preferential orientation of the biphenyltetracarboximide moieties with their planes parallel to the film surface, coupled with the strong preference of BPDA‐PDA chains to align along the film plane. The frequency dispersion of the in‐plane refractive index n ∥ is consistent with the results calculated by the Lorentz–Lorenz equation from the UV‐visible spectrum exhibiting several absorption bands in the 170–500 nm region. The contribution from the IR absorption in the range 7000–400 cm, −1 computed by the Spitzer‐Kleinmann dispersion relations from the measured spectra, adds ca. 0.046 to the in‐plane refractive index n ∥ . Tilt‐angle–dependent polarized IR results indicate nearly the same increase for the out‐of‐plane index n ⊥ . Application of the Maxwell relation then leads to the out‐of‐plane dielectric constant ε ⊥ ≃ 2.7 at 1.2 × 10 13 Hz, as compared with the measured value of ca. 3.0 at 10 6 Hz. Assuming this small difference to remain the same for the in‐plane dielectric constants ε ∥ , we obtain a very large anisotropy in the dielectric properties of these polyimide films with the estimated in‐plane dielectric constant ε ∥ ≃ 3.4 at 1.2 × 10 13 Hz, and ε ∥ ≃ 3.7 at 10 6 Hz. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.