gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron transfer reactions at CdS semiconductor cluster interfaces. Adsorption and microenvironment effects on oxidative reactions (1993)

CdS clusters in the quantized size regime (≈ 30 Å radius) have been synthesized in several media, including homogeneous organic solution, reverse micelles, and polymers (carboxymethylamylose). Particle size is controlled by the medium, but the photophysical properties of the clusters, as prepared, do not depend strongly on the medium. However, the associated photochemical reactivity can depend strongly on the reaction medium. We have used the well studied photochemical oxidative fragmentation of α,β-amino alcohols as a benchmark reaction to examine the cluster photochemical reactivity as potential excited state electron acceptors. Initially, addition of amine to irradiated cluster suspensions leads to decreased nonradiative decay and increased emission corresponding to adsorption of the amine at previous deep trap sites on the cluster surface. At this stage, no organic products are formed: the (chemically) adsorbed species are essentially inert to oxidation. As amine concentration is further increased, a rapid onset of quenching occurs with associated oxidative cleavage of the amino alcohol. This reaction corresponds to oxidation of solvated and/or physisorbed amine. Thus, in contrast to reduction processes which are favored by surface adsorption, corresponding oxidation processes can be disfavored by adsorption, if the reactive lone pair becomes involved in surface bonding. The amino alcohol concentration at which reaction occurs depends on the distribution of reagent within the (micro) environment. Finally, the organic photochemical aspects of the reaction including high quantum yields are briefly considered.
Involvement of Na+ and HCO in receptor‐mediated endocytosis of α2‐macroglobulin, epidermal growth factor, and vesicular stomatitis virus (1982)

alpha 2-Macroglobulin (alpha 2M), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) each enter cultured fibroblasts by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The present study defines some basic ionic requirements in the cell culture medium which are necessary for the maximal rate of endocytosis of these three ligands. Na+ and HCO-3 were both necessary for maximal endocytosis of 125I-alpha 2M, 125I-EGF, and 35S-VSV at 37 degrees C. The ion specificities for both the anion and cation requirements were established. The binding of 125I-alpha 2M to its cellular receptors at 4 degrees C was unaffected by the absence of Na+ and HCO-3 in the culture medium. In addition, the absence of Na+ and HCO-3 in the culture medium did not reduce cellular uptake of horseradish peroxidase by fluid phase endocytosis. Na+ and HCO-3 may be general requirements in receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Evaluation of hydrogels for bio‐printing applications (2012)

In the United States alone, there are approximately 500,000 burn injuries that require medical treatment every year. Limitations of current treatments necessitate the development of new methods that can be applied quicker, result in faster wound regeneration, and yield skin that is cosmetically similar to undamaged skin. The development of new hydrogel biomaterials and bioprinting deposition technologies has provided a platform to address this need. Herein we evaluated characteristics of twelve hydrogels to determine their suitability for bioprinting applications. We chose hydrogels that are either commercially available, or are commonly used for research purposes. We evaluated specific hydrogel properties relevant to bioprinting applications, specifically; gelation time, swelling or contraction, stability, biocompatibility and printability. Further, we described regulatory, commercial and financial aspects of each of the hydrogels. While many of the hydrogels screened may exhibit characteristics suitable for other applications, UV-crosslinked Extracel, a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel, had many of the desired properties for our bioprinting application. Taken together with commercial availability, shelf life, potential for regulatory approval and ease of use, these materials hold the potential to be further developed into fast and effective wound healing treatments.
Spectral Features of Higher-Order Side-Channel Countermeasures (2017)

This brief deals with the problem of mathematically formalizing hardware circuits' vulnerability to side-channel attacks. We investigate whether spectral analysis is a useful analytical tool for this purpose by building a mathematically sound theory of the vulnerability phenomenon. This research was originally motivated by the need for deeper, more formal knowledge around vulnerable nonlinear circuits. However, while building this new theoretical framework, we discovered that it can consistently integrate known results about linear ones as well. Eventually, we found it adequate to formally model side-channel leakage in several significant scenarios. In particular, we have been able to find the vulnerability perimeter of a known cryptographic primitive (i.e., Keccak [1] ) and thus tackle the analysis of vulnerability when signal glitches are present. We believe the conceptual framework we propose will be useful for researchers and practitioners in the field of applied cryptography and side-channel attacks.
A 1880 km Long Interferometric Optical Fibre Link PTB-MPQ-PTB for Chronometric Levelling with a Transportable Optical Clock (2019)

Chronometrie levelling [1-3] is a technique of deriving gravitational potential differences from clock frequency comparisons allowing the determination of height differences. Interferometric optical fibre links (IFL) [4] enable chronometric levelling between distant labs housing optical clocks [5]. An IFL is a phase stabilized telecom fibre link connection establishing a fixed optical phase relationship between two locations up to ~1000 km apart [6]. To perform a chronometric levelling campaign between the stationary optical clocks of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and PTB's transportable Strontium clock [7] placed at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) we have established a new 940 km long IFL between the two locations. At both link ends the frequencies of the clock lasers are compared to the 1,5 pm link transfer laser via fs-combs. To enable chronometric levelling experiments at the level of 10 cm height resolution, we aim a fractional frequency uncertainty of the frequency transfer of <; 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> for averaging times of ~40 ks. To monitor the frequency transfer over the complete 940 km long fibre link the signal is sent back from the receiving end to the sender on a second fibre, which allows an out-of-loop characterization using data of the 1880 km loop. We study two different link setups, cf. Fig. 1a: i) a single-span loop configuration with the option to tap off the signal at MPQ with a passive frequency extraction unit [8]. This setup requires monitoring at the sending end only and allows us to investigate an ultralong IFL, even longer than the previous record [9]. And ii) an antiparallel configuration of two concatenated, individually stabilized interferometric fibre links. This setup offers lower instabilities due to a decreased delay-limit [10] but requires setting up and maintaining a stabilization system at both link ends. To compensate the attenuation of the fibres we used fibre Brillouin amplifier modules (FBAM) developed inhouse providing a typical gain of > 40 dB.
Dalton Discussion 15 – Metal ions in medical imaging: optical, radiopharmaceutical and MRI contrast, 8th–10th September 2014, York (2015)

Welcome to this <italic>Dalton Transactions</italic> themed issue including papers from <italic>Dalton Discussion 15 – Metal ions in medical imaging: optical, radiopharmaceutical and MRI contrast</italic>.
Evaluating visual analytics for health informatics applications: a systematic review from the American Medical Informatics Association Visual Analytics Working Group Task Force on Evaluation (2018)

Evaluation approaches are varied. New studies should adopt commonly reported metrics, context-appropriate study designs, and phased evaluation strategies.
Processes of dissipation and sensitization of electron excitation energy in erbium laser glasses (1981)

An experimental investigation was made of the laws governing nonradiative transfer of electron excitation energy in a system comprising Yb3+, Er3+, and Nd3+ rare-earth ions. Dependences of the parameters of elementary donor–acceptor interactions on the glass composition, and on the types of vitrifier and modifier were obtained.
Subcutaneous insulin B:9-23/IFA immunisation induces Tregs that control late-stage prediabetes in NOD mice through IL-10 and IFNγ (2010)

Protection from diabetes after B:9-23/IFA immunisation cannot be achieved once diabetes is fully established, but can be achieved at most prediabetic stages of the disease. Protection is mediated by Tregs that require IFNgamma and IL-10. These findings should provide important guidance for ongoing human trials, especially for the development of suitable T cell biomarkers.
Autism and multiple exostoses associated with an X;8 translocation occurring within the GRPR gene and 3' to the SDC2 gene (1997)

An X;8 translocation was identified in a 27-year-old female patient manifesting multiple exostoses and autism accompanied by mental retardation and epilepsy. Through molecular analysis using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) and cosmid clones, the translocation breakpoint was isolated and confirmed to be reciprocal within a 5'-GGCA-3' sequence found on both X and 8 chromosomes without gain or loss of a single nucleotide. The translocation breakpoint on the X chromosome occurred in the first intron of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) gene and that on chromosome 8 occurred approximately 30 kb distal to the 3' end of the Syndecan-2 gene (SDC2), also known as human heparan sulfate proteoglycan or fibroglycan. The GRPR gene was shown to escape X-inactivation. A dosage effect of the GRPR and a position effect of the SDC2 gene may, however, contribute the phenotype observed in this patient since the orientation of these genes with respect to the translocation was incompatible with the formation of a fusion gene. Investigation of mutations in these two genes in unrelated patients with either autism or multiple exostoses as well as linkage and association studies is needed to validate them as candidate genes.
Probing formation of cargo/importin‐α transport complexes in plant cells using a pathogen effector (2014)

Importin-αs are essential adapter proteins that recruit cytoplasmic proteins destined for active nuclear import to the nuclear transport machinery. Cargo proteins interact with the importin-α armadillo repeat domain via nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), short amino acids motifs enriched in Lys and Arg residues. Plant genomes typically encode several importin-α paralogs that can have both specific and partially redundant functions. Although some cargos are preferentially imported by a distinct importin-α it remains unknown how this specificity is generated and to what extent cargos compete for binding to nuclear transport receptors. Here we report that the effector protein HaRxL106 from the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis co-opts the host cell's nuclear import machinery. We use HaRxL106 as a probe to determine redundant and specific functions of importin-α paralogs from Arabidopsis thaliana. A crystal structure of the importin-α3/MOS6 armadillo repeat domain suggests that five of the six Arabidopsis importin-αs expressed in rosette leaves have an almost identical NLS-binding site. Comparison of the importin-α binding affinities of HaRxL106 and other cargos in vitro and in plant cells suggests that relatively small affinity differences in vitro affect the rate of transport complex formation in vivo. Our results suggest that cargo affinity for importin-α, sequence variation at the importin-α NLS-binding sites and tissue-specific expression levels of importin-αs determine formation of cargo/importin-α transport complexes in plant cells.
Using a Recirculating Fiber Loop to Determine the Limitations Placed on Ultra-High-Performance Soliton and Linear Optical Systems by Polarization Mode Dispersion (2003)

Abstract : System effects of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Several novel methods for PMD emulation, compensation and monitoring were developed, theoretically analyzed and experimentally investigated.
Design and validation of a tunable inertial microfluidic system for the efficient enrichment of circulating tumor cells in blood (2022)

The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is a powerful noninvasive alternative to conventional tumor biopsy. Inertial-based separation is a promising high-throughput, marker-free sorting strategy for the enrichment and isolation of CTCs. Here, we present and validate a double spiral microfluidic device that efficiently isolates CTCs with a fine-tunable cut-off value of 9 μm and a separation range of 2 μm. We designed the device based on computer simulations that introduce a novel, customized inertial force term, and provide practical fabrication guidelines. We validated the device using calibration beads, which allowed us to refine the simulations and redesign the device. Then we validated the redesigned device using blood samples and a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. Finally, as a proof of principle, we tested the device using peripheral blood from a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, isolating more than 17 CTCs/ml, with purity/removal values of 96.03% and 99.99% of white blood cell and red blood cells, respectively. These results confirm highly efficient CTC isolation with a stringent cut-off value and better separation results than the state of the art.
Osteonecrosis of the Knee After Laser or Radiofrequency-Assisted Arthroscopy: Treatment with Minimally Invasive Knee Arthroplasty (2006)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Up-Regulation of TWIST in Prostate Cancer and Its Implication as a Therapeutic Target (2023)

Supplementary Figure S1 from Up-Regulation of TWIST in Prostate Cancer and Its Implication as a Therapeutic Target
Trends in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Management in Singapore (2014)

Anti-VEGF treatment of AMD continues to increase substantially year on year in the past few years, in alignment with experience from other countries. However, the cumulative number of injections per patient remains low, and many patients discontinue treatment within the first year. These data demonstrate that undertreatment remains a significant concern in clinical settings.
Color Angle Invariants for Object Recognition (1995)

We present a fast, color-based algorithm for recognizing objects viewed under an unknown illuminant. Objects are indexed by just three numbers: the angles of the object's color distribution. If R, G and B denote the 3 color bands of the image of an object (stretched out as vectors) then the angular index comprises the 3 interband angles (one per pair of vectors). In the general case the distribution of colors, and in turn the angular index, will depend on the color of the illuminant. If, however, the original color bands are transformed by a sharpening transform before computing the distribution angles, then we show that the angular index is illuminant independent. Indexing using angles calculated post sharpening delivers excellent recognition for a variety of illuminations.
Rücktitelbild: H2S Sensors: Fumarate‐Based fcu‐MOF Thin Film Grown on a Capacitive Interdigitated Electrode (Angew. Chem. 51/2016) (2016)

Der Nachweis von H2S …… bei Raumtemperatur mithilfe eines Fumarat-basierten Metall-organischen Gerüsts (fum-fcu-MOF) wird von K. N. Salama, M. Eddaoudi et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 16111 ff. vorgestellt. Der Sensor wurde in situ durch Abscheiden eines dünnen fum-fcu-MOF-Films als empfindliche Schicht auf einer kapazitiven Interdigitalelektrode erzeugt. H2S-Konzentrationen bis hinab zu 100 ppb konnten erfasst werden, die Nachweisgrenze lag bei ungefähr 5 ppb.
Use of Gas Jet Appositional Pressurization in Endoscopic Laser Photocoagulation (1978)

A hybrid optical fiber catheter has been developed which is capable of simultaneously emitting from its distal end 20 W of continuous laser radiation and a jet stream of CO2 gas. The catheter can be readily inserted into the biopsy channel of conventional flexible endoscopes for control of gastric bleeding. Experiments on bleeding animal ulcers and an artificial bleeding vessel model show that a catheter which delivers a simultaneous jet of gas with laser radiation is much more effective in achieving hemostasis than laser radiation alone. The laser/gas catheter also incorporates other improvements in device durability. Results of controlled animal trials are discussed.
Moment Generating Functions of Generalized Wireless Fading Channels and Applications in Wireless Communication Theory (2017)

In this paper, new exact and approximate moment generating functions (MGF) expression for generalized fading models are derived. Specifically, we consider the η-λ-μ, α-μ, α-η-μ, α-κ-μ, α-κ-μ, and α-λ-η-μ generalized fading distributions to derive approximate MGF expressions. The new expressions are very accurate and, in contrast to earlier results in the literature, avoid any complicated special functions, e.g. the Meijer-G and Fox H-functions. As such, the new MGF expressions allow easier and more efficient analytical manipulations, which also apply for their special cases such as the Rayleigh, Rice, and Nakagami-m fading. As an illustrative application, the average bit error rates for each of the fading models are evaluated using the new derived MGF expressions. The accuracy of the analytical results by using the numerically computed results as a basis of comparison as well as published results from the literature.
Photoinduced electron transfer chemistry of 2,3-dicyanonaphthalene (1999)

The electron transfer photochemistry of 2,3-dicyanonaphthalene has been studied by a combination of fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. The singlet excited state has a lifetime of 26 ns in acetonitrile and reacts with aromatic and alkene donors with oxidation potentials less than ~1.8 V with rate constants that are close to the diffusion-controlled limit. Transient absorption measurements demonstrate that the fluorescence quenching leads to efficient formation of free-radical ions. The radical ion yields have been measured for several donors and are compared to those for the more commonly used sensitizer, 1.4-dicyanonaphthalene. In the absence of added donors, direct excitation of 2,3-dicyanonaphthalene provides evidence for photoionization at high laser energy, in addition to triplet formation. The results illustrate the utility of this sensitizer for photoinduced electron transfer reactions.
SmartSearch: Situation-Aware Web Search on Mobile Devices (2009)

To provide consumers with the right information at the time of need, we developed a SmartSearch application that is able to extract a user's situational interests from usage data. It automatically constructs search queries based on situational interests. We extract the situational interests automatically without prior training and user involvement. In addition, SmartSearch is a client-side solution running completely on a mobile device to protect user's privacy.
Development of Magneto-Elastic Torque Sensor for Automatic Transmission Applications (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Progress in the design and application of the magneto-elastic torque sensor to automotive drivetrain systems has taken the technology from the concept level to the point where it is considered production feasible. The latest generation of the sensors shows promising results regarding both the capabilities and applications to powertrain controls. Sensor designs, electronics and packaging layout are maturing. Well-defined component specifications and requirements are becoming available. The sensor utilities for real-time shift analysis and friction element control are established through vehicle-level investigation to demonstrate the production feasibility of the technology for transmission torque sensing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The effect of average soft segment length on morphology and properties of a series of polyurethane elastomers. I. Characterization of the series (1996)

A series of eight thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers were synthesized from 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) chain extender, with poly(hexamethylene oxide) (PHMO) macrodiol soft segments. The soft segment molecular weights employed ranged from 433 g/mol to 1180 g/mol. All materials contained 60% (w/w) of the soft segment macrodiol. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques were employed to characterize morphology. Tensile and Shore hardness tests were also performed. Materials were tested in the annealed state. It was found that an increase in segment length was accompanied by an increase in the degree of microphase separation, average interdomain spacing, hard domain order, hardness, stiffness, and opacity. DSC experiments showed the existence of several hard segment melting regions that were postulated to result from the disordering or melting of various hard segment length populations. For the system and composition ratio employed, it was found that optimum tensile properties (UTS and breaking strain) were achieved when a PHMO molecular weight of between 650 and 850 was utilized. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Supplementary Data from FGFR4-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptors Combined with Anti-Myeloid Polypharmacy Effectively Treat Orthotopic Rhabdomyosarcoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from FGFR4-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptors Combined with Anti-Myeloid Polypharmacy Effectively Treat Orthotopic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Control of Sub-Nanosecond Precessional Magnetic Switching in STT-MRAM Cells for SRAM Applications (2016)

STT-MRAM are foreseen as the best contender for DRAM replacement. STT-MRAM could also be used for SRAM applications if switching time below 1ns could be realized in a reliable way. In this study, we demonstrate that sub-ns switching with final state determined by the current polarity through the stack can be achieved in STT-MRAM cells comprising two spinpolarizing layers having orthogonal magnetic anisotropies [1],[2]. We carried out a thorough experimental and modeling study of these ultrafast STT-MRAM. We demonstrated that a quite reliable switching can be achieved by increasing the cell aspect ratio (AR) or advantageously by applying an in-plane static transverse field on the cell. Switching in 200ps could be demonstrated with write energy less than 100fJ.