gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Pasqualini's syndrome: hypoandrogenism with spermatogenesis]. (2015)

Pasqualini and Bur published the first case of eunuchoidism with preserved spermatogenesis in 1950 in Revista de la Asociación Médica Argentina. The hypoandrogenism with spermatogenesis syndrome included: (a) eunuchoidism, (b) testis with normal spermatogenesis and full volume, with mature spermatozoa in a high proportion of seminiferous tubes and undifferentiated and immature Leydig cells (c) full functional compensation through the administration of chorionic gonadotropin hormone, while hCG is administered (d) total urinary gonadotrophins within normal limits (e) this definition supposes the normal activity of the pituitary and the absence of congenital malformations in general. A first step in the understanding of the physiopathogeny of Pasqualini syndrome or the so called "fertile eunuch" syndrome was the absence of LH in plasma and urine of patients. The second breakthrough was the functional and genetic studies that validated the hypothesis of a functional deficit of LH in these men: it will then also be described in some women. Different groups including ours demonstrated in these cases a LH with varying degrees of immunological activity but biologically inactive in most of the patients, due to one or more inactivating mutations in the LHB gene. Finally, the full comprehension of Pasqualini syndrome allowed to reverse the hypoandrogenic phenotype and to restore fertility in these patients through the use of chorionic gonadotropin and the modern in-vitro fertility techniques. This article is an historical review and a tribute to the memory of Rodolfo Q. Pasqualini.
Peripheral vision and hazard detection with average phakic and pseudophakic optical errors (2021)

The impact of peripheral optical errors induced by intraocular lenses was evaluated by simulating the average phakic and pseudophakic image qualities. An adaptive optics system was used to simulate the optical errors in 20° nasal and inferior visual field in phakic subjects. Peripheral resolution acuity, contrast sensitivity and hazard detection were evaluated. Pseudophakic errors typical for monofocal designs had a negative effect on resolution acuity and contrast sensitivity and the hazard detection task also showed increased false positive and misses and a longer reaction time compared to phakic optical errors. The induced peripheral pseudophakic optical errors affect the peripheral visual performance and thereby impact functional vision.
LTE-based Automotive Mobile Virtual Network Operators (2018)

Connected cars offering services as driver assistance and navigation are already a part of our daily lives. The mobile connectivity in the car is often provided via an embedded SIM-card associated with a partner Mobile Network Operator (MNO). However, this solution ties the hands of Automotive Manufacturers (AM) due to high dependency on the partner MNO. In this paper, we focus on a promising way to overcome this dependency: becoming an automotive Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO). In order to become an MVNO, the AM has to acquire a set of network components to gain control over the most important network functions. Based on in-depth LTE architecture analysis, we first identify the key LTE network functions and then propose respective automotive MVNO models. Moreover, we outline the current network technologies, e.g., Network Function Virtualization, that allow decoupling of the network functions from proprietary hardware. These technologies facilitate the MVNO implementation and operation as well as potentially reduce its cost.
<title>Payload noise suppression using distributed active vibration absorbers</title> (2002)

The authors are developing a cost- and weight-effective means for achieving an improved low- and mid-frequency acoustic environment in payload fairings for rockets at lift-off. The solution will be an active noise control system with an optimum selection of distributed active vibration absorbers (DAVAs) and acoustic actuators. High sound pressure inside a launch vehicle fairing during lift-off can damage delicate equipment in the payload. Space launch vehicle payload noise is a very important problem in the successful launch and deployment of space instruments and equipment. Measurements taken during the first few seconds of launch show very high sound pressure level (SPL) in the low frequency range of 60 to 250 Hz. High SPL is a severe problem because interior noise impinges on the instruments and equipment in the payload and can lead to their vibrational failure. Engineers have made moderate progress in addressing this problem by strengthening the instruments and by applying passive noise control treatment to the fairing. Both strategies incur significant penalties of added weight and financial cost and reduced allowable payload size. For further progress in suppressing low-mid frequency noise, another way is needed. The authors are developing a hybrid passive/active noise control system based on emerging technology of distributed active vibration absorbers (DAVAs). DAVAs are constructed from acoustic foam and area-distributed actuators. Passively it behaves as a tuned mass damper at low frequencies and a viscous damper at high frequencies. Actively a DAVA produces mechanical forces that are directed to reduce fairing vibrations.
Trade-off between inverse lithography mask complexity and lithographic performance (2009)

Improvements in resolution of exposure systems have not kept pace with increasing density of semiconductor products. In order to keep shrinking circuits using equipment with the same basic resolution, lithographers have turned to options such as double-patterning, and have moved beyond model-based OPC in the search for optimal mask patterns. Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT) is becoming one of the strong candidates in 32nm and below single patterning, low-k1 lithography regime. It enables computation of optimum mask patterns to minimize deviations of images from their targets not only at nominal but also over a range of process variations, such as dose, defocus, and mask CD errors. When optimizing for a factor, such as process window, more complex mask patterns are often necessary to achieve the desired depth of focus. Complex mask patterns require more shots when written with VSB systems, increasing the component of mask cost associated with writing time. It can also be more difficult to inspect or repair certain types of complex patterns. Inspection and repair may take more time, or require more expensive equipment compared to the case with simpler masks. For these reasons, we desire to determine the simplest mask patterns that meet necessary lithographic manufacturing objectives. Luminescent ILT provides means to constrain complexity of mask solutions, each of which is optimized to meet lithographic objectives within the bounds of the constraints. Results presented here show trade-offs to process window performance with varying degrees of mask complexity. The paper details ILT mask simplification schemes on contact arrays and random logic, comparing process window trade-offs in each case. Ultimately this method enables litho and mask engineers balance lithographic requirements with mask manufacturing complexity and related cost.
Design of an Incompressible High-Pressure Vaneaxial Fan Using CFD (1992)

An advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling design method using a numerical viscous/inviscid coupling procedure has been developed. The method is employed to analytically evaluate the performance of various combinations of high pressure vaneaxial fan rotor, stator and diffuser geometries. The procedures used in the CFD design method ensure a free-vortex blading, a separation-free profile, and a configuration with optimum rotor-stator interaction. Two test fans which have aerodynamic performance and geometrical characteristics close to the desired fan operating range are used to provide code verification and empirical information for the total design effort. A design example is presented. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic test data will be presented in a later paper.
Alzheimer Research Forum Live Discussion: Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease: The Current State of Affairs (2006)

I am Tom Fagan and I will be moderating our chat today. Chet, do you want to start us off with a topic? Chet Mathis: Hank, where does SPECT amyloid imaging in humans stand? Hank F. Kung: We are doing I-123 IMPY now [IMPY, or 6-iodo-2-(4'-dimethylamino-)phenyl-imidazo[1,2a]pyridine, is a thioflavin derivative that has binding affinity for amyloid- (A) in solution and in postmortem Alzheimer disease (AD) samples] [1]. The data look good but we are not ready to publish yet. Bill, what is the status of your Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) study in AD patients? Bill Klunk: We have done about 30 subjects.
(Invited) Ionic Liquid-Gated PCBM Transistors: Pushing the Limit of the Doping in Organic Transistors (2015)

Electrolyte-gated (EG) organic transistors are interesting for their low voltage operation and versatile cost-effective fabrication and printability. 1 Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are attractive as gating media for their chemico-physical properties, such as ionic conductivity up to 10 mS·cm -1 , negligible volatility, and electrochemical stability windows up to ca 5 V. 2 The availability of RTILs with different molecular structures gives the possibility to control specifically the interactions between the ions constituting the RTIL and the channel material in view of an optimized doping. Clear guidelines to establish an effective doping as a function of the ions constituting the electrolyte, are yet to be established. In this work we report on EG transistors with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), as the channel material, and room temperature ionic liquids based on bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]) anion, as the gating medium. The cations constituting the ionic liquids were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIM]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMIM]) or 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([PYR 14 ]). Electrical measurements show that the cation strongly affects the behavior of n-type EG PCBM transistors. The higher charge carrier mobility, lower on/off ratio and faster response time obtained with [PYR 14 ][TFSI]-gated transistors, suggests lower cation incorporation into the PCBM channel material. [EMIM][TFSI]- and [BMIM][TFSI]-gated PCBM transistors featured similar electric behavior, coherent with the similar molecular structure of the cations. 1. S. H. Kim et al., Adv. Mater. Weinheim , 25 , 1822–1846 (2013). 2. M. Galiński, A. Lewandowski, and I. Stępniak, Electrochim. Acta , 51 , 5567 (2006).
Lower cytokine secretion ex vivo by natural killer T cells in HIV-infected individuals is associated with higher CD161 expression (2009)

The ex-vivo Th1 responses of circulating NKT cells to CD1d-glycolipid complexes are impaired in HIV-infected patients. NKT cell functions may be progressively lost over time in HIV infection, and CD161 is implicated in the regulation of NKT cell responsiveness.
Accelerating Voltage (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Abstract C217: Genz-644282, a novel non-camptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitor for cancer treatment (2009)

Abstract Topoisomerase I (Top1), a well-established anticancer target, is a nuclear enzyme producing a single-strand DNA break to allow transcription. Camptothecin Top1 inhibitors are important drugs for the treatment of a variety of cancers including colon cancer, leukemias and ovarian cancer. Potent non-camptothecin Top1 inhibitors were identified. One of these, Genz-644282, binds tightly and selectively to the DNA:Top1 complex. The effects of Genz-644282, topotecan and irinotecan/SN38 in cell-based assays were compared. The colony formation assay is the gold-standard for determination of the cytotoxicity of compounds toward bone marrow and malignant cells as it measures the survival/killing of cells capable of self-renewal. Mouse and human bone marrow were subjected to colony forming unit -granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) assays over a 5-log concentration range with continuous exposure to the compounds for 13–15 days. The IC90s for topotecan and SN38 for mouse CFU-GM were 519 nM and 331 nM, respectively. For human CFU-GM, the IC90s for topotecan and SN38 were 19 nM and 26 nM, resulting in mouse to human differentials of 28- and 13-fold. Genz-644282 was more potent, with IC90s of 8.4nM for mouse CFU-GM and 1.2 nM for human CFU-GM; thus only a 7-fold differential between species. The cytotoxicities of topotecan, SN38 and Genz-644282 were compared in the ability of seven human tumor cell lines of varied histologies to form colonies after a week of exposure to a 5-log concentration range of each compound. Human bone marrow CFU-GM was much more sensitive to topotecan than were RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma, KBV-1 cervical carcinoma or NCI-H460 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. The IC90s for topotecan ranged between 11 and 257 nM. SN38 cytotoxicity to human bone marrow CFU-GM and to several human tumor cell lines was very similar with IC90s in the cancer lines ranging between 2 and 55 nM. HT29 human colon cancer cells, however, were markedly sensitive to SN38 (IC90 = 2 nM). Genz-644282 was a more potent cytotoxic agent than topotecan or SN38 with IC90 values ranging between 0.7 and 9.1 nM across the seven cell lines. MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma, HT29 colon carcinoma and RPMI-8226 cells were most sensitive to Genz-644282 with IC90s ranging between 0.7 and 7.0 nM. The growth inhibition produced by 72-hr exposure to Genz-644282 was examined in 26 established human tumor cell lines representing pancreatic carcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma using a Cell TiterGlo ATP content endpoint. The IC90s for Genz-644282 ranged between 0.054 micromolar and 5 micromolar in this assay. The most sensitive tumor lines were 4 of 6 pancreatic cancer lines and the least sensitive lines included 3 of 4 melanoma lines. Colony formation data were analyzed by non-linear regression using SAS version 8.2. Based upon these findings and other data, Genz-644282 was selected as a development candidate. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C217.
Identification of hidden Markov models for ion channel currents .III. Bandlimited, sampled data (2000)

For pt.II. see ibid., vol.46, p.1916-29 (1998). Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been used to model single channel currents as recorded with the patch clamp technique from living cells. Continuous time patch-clamp recordings are typically passed through an antialiasing filter and sampled before analysis. In this paper, an adaptation of the Baum-Welch weighted least squares (BW-WLS) algorithm called the H-noise algorithm is presented to estimate the HMM and noise model parameters from bandlimited, sampled data. The effects of the antialiasing filter and the correlated background noise are considered in a metastate or vector HMM framework. The "correlated emission probability", which plays a central role in the algorithm, is redefined to consider the noise correlation in successive filtered, sampled data points. The performance of the H-noise algorithm is demonstrated with simulated data.
Enhanced Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT3 and Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted Glioblastoma (2019)

We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
Well-defined 4-arm stars with hydroxy-terminated polyethylene, polyethylene-b-polycaprolactone and polyethylene-b-(polymethyl methacrylate)2 arms (2016)

Bis-boron-thexyl-silaboracycle was used to initiate the polyhomologation of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to afford well-defined hydroxy-terminated 4-arm polyethylene (PE) stars, which served as precursors for the synthesis of PE-based starblock copolymers.
Optical design of inhomogeneous media to perfectly focus scalar wave fields (2010)

A method to design isotropic inhomogeneous refractive index distribution is presented, in which the scalar wave field solutions propagate exactly on an eikonal function (i.e., remaining constant on the Geometrical Optics wavefronts). This method is applied to the design of "dipole lenses", which perfectly focus a scalar wave field emitted from a point source onto a point absorber, in both two and three dimensions. Also, the Maxwell fish-eye lens in two and three dimensions is analyzed.
Laser interferometer skin-friction measurements of crossing-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions (1994)

Wall shear stress measurements beneath crossing-shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions have been made for three interactions of different strengths. The interactions are generated by two sharp fins at symetric angles of attack mounted on a flat plate. The shear stress measurements were made for fin angles of 7 and 11 deg at Mach 3 and 15 deg at Mach 3.85. The measurements were made using a laser interferometer skin-friction meter, a device that determines the wall shear by optically measuring the time rate of thinning of an oil film placed on the test model surface. Results of the measurements reveal high skin-friction coefficients in the vicinity of the fin/plate junction and the presence of quasi-two-dimensional flow separation on the interaction center line. Additionally, two Navier-Stokes computations, one using a Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model and one using a k-epsilon model, are compared with the experimental results for the Mach 3.85, 15-deg interaction case. Although the k-epsilon model did a reasonable job of predicting the overall trend in portions of the skin-friction distribution, neither computation fully captured the physics of the near-surface flow in this complex interaction.
Propagation measurements of mobile radio channel over sea at 5.9 GHz (2018)

A radio channel measurement campaign with a maximum distance of 2.6 km was performed in China. In this paper, a detailed description of the channel measurement campaign including antenna setups, channel sounder configurations and other related info is given. The received signal level (RSL) is shown and compared with the Plain Earth Loss model (PEL), the ITU-R P.1546-2 model (ITU-R) and the Round Earth Loss model (REL). It can be found that the REL model matches the measured RSL best according to the values of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The Power-delay profiles (PDPs) are demonstrated, from which the mean excess delay and the RMS delay spread are extracted. It can be found that the 90% of the mean excess delay and the RMS delay spread are within 4.3 ns and 113.3 ns according the corresponding Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF), respectively. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is used to estimated the best-fit amplitude distribution of the small-scale fading. The Two-Wave with Diffuse power (TWDP) model is found to be the best-fit model with more than 90% incident percentage in the whole route.
Cryptococcus neoformans Biofilm Formation Depends on Surface Support and Carbon Source and Reduces Fungal Cell Susceptibility to Heat, Cold, and UV Light (2007)

The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans possesses a polysaccharide capsule and can form biofilms on medical devices. We describe the characteristics of C. neoformans biofilm development using a microtiter plate model, microscopic examinations, and a colorimetric 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay to observe the metabolic activity of cryptococci within a biofilm. A strong correlation between XTT and CFU assays was demonstrated. Chemical analysis of the exopolymeric material revealed sugar composition consisting predominantly of xylose, mannose, and glucose, indicating the presence of other polysaccharides in addition to glucurunoxylomannan. Biofilm formation was affected by surface support differences, conditioning films on the surface, characteristics of the medium, and properties of the microbial cell. A specific antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of this fungus was used to stain the extracellular polysaccharide matrix of the fungal biofilms using light and confocal microscopy. Additionally, the susceptibility of C. neoformans biofilms and planktonic cells to environmental stress was investigated using XTT reduction and CFU assays. Biofilms were less susceptible to heat, cold, and UV light exposition than their planktonic counterparts. Our findings demonstrate that fungal biofilm formation is dependent on support surface characteristics and that growth in the biofilm state makes fungal cells less susceptible to potential environmental stresses.
Grafting-light (2010)

Feature selection is an important task in order to achieve better generalizability in high dimensional learning, and structure learning of Markov random fields (MRFs) can automatically discover the inherent structures underlying complex data. Both problems can be cast as solving an l1-norm regularized parameter estimation problem. The existing Grafting method can avoid doing inference on dense graphs in structure learning by incrementally selecting new features. However, Grafting performs a greedy step to optimize over free parameters once new features are included. This greedy strategy results in low efficiency when parameter learning is itself non-trivial, such as in MRFs, in which parameter learning depends on an expensive subroutine to calculate gradients. The complexity of calculating gradients in MRFs is typically exponential to the size of maximal cliques.