gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity Capture Technology With Potential for Incorporation Into Closed-Loop Control for Type 1 Diabetes (2015)

Physical activity is an important determinant of glucose variability in type 1 diabetes (T1D). It has been incorporated as a nonglucose input into closed-loop control (CLC) protocols for T1D during the last 4 years mainly by 3 research groups in single center based controlled clinical trials involving a maximum of 18 subjects in any 1 study. Although physical activity data capture may have clinical benefit in patients with T1D by impacting cardiovascular fitness and optimal body weight achievement and maintenance, limited number of such studies have been conducted to date. Clinical trial registries provide information about a single small sample size 2 center prospective study incorporating physical activity data input to modulate closed-loop control in T1D that are seeking to build on prior studies. We expect an increase in such studies especially since the NIH has expanded support of this type of research with additional grants starting in the second half of 2015. Studies (1) involving patients with other disorders that have lasted 12 weeks or longer and tracked physical activity and (2) including both aerobic and resistance activity may offer insights about the user experience and device optimization even as single input CLC heads into real-world clinical trials over the next few years and nonglucose input is introduced as the next advance.
Kinetic study of NO/sub x/ formation and removal processes in combustion streams. First quarterly technical progress report, June 6, 1982-August 31, 1982 (1982)

The production of nitric oxide from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with air has been recognized to be a serious potential health hazard. In dirtier fuels such as coal and oil shale, a major source of nitric oxide occurs due to the reactions of small hydrocarbon fragments with the nitrogen in the air. These reactions take place in the rich part of the combustion flame and are termed the Prompt-NO mechanism. However, the detailed reaction sequence and rates of these reactions are not well known. The purpose of this work is to directly measure key reaction rates of the CH radical and subsequent HCN reactions which form the basis for Prompt-NO production. During this initial Quarter, production and detection methods for CH were devised and tested, and preliminary rate measurements made for the reaction of CH + N/sub 2/ at 300 K.
<title>Improved scheme for estimating T-CONT bandwidth demand in status reporting DBA for NG-PON</title> (2009)

A scheme for estimating T-CONT bandwidth demand within dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) for next-generation passive optical network (NG-PON) is proposed and evaluated. Estimating T-CONT bandwidth demand is considered as a main challenge in gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) DBA. The proposed minimum guaranteed T-CONT content (MGTC) scheme allows for a more conservative estimate of bandwidth demand. It is shown that at high load significant improvements in delay, jitter and bandwidth utilization can be achieved with the proposed scheme. For light loads the conventional scheme shows better delay performance. However, this may be overcome by controlled overgranting in the MGTC scheme.
Polarized electronic spectroscopy of molecules oriented by a nematic liquid crystal (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarized electronic spectroscopy of molecules oriented by a nematic liquid crystalGerald P. Ceasar and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 1, 191–193Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01029a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01029a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fully integrated 500uW speech detection wake-up circuit (2010)

Speech analysis requires substantial computation. It is desirable to run this analysis only when needed and at other times to go to a low power state. Here we propose a self-biased low power speech detection wake up circuit which interfaces directly to standard electret microphones. The speech detector includes a microphone preamplifier, a power extraction squaring circuit, a bandpass filter passing power of the modulation spectrum in the speech band from 2-12 Hz, a half rectifier which extracts this phoneme band power, and a PFM silicon neuron which emits spikes indicating phoneme-rate modulation of the audio spectrum. The output of the speech detector circuit is an asynchronous stream of digital spikes at a rate of 1Hz to 20Hz whose temporal structure indicates the presence of speech. A subsequent conventional processor will go to sleep between spikes and only wake up for full power speech analysis when the temporal structure indicates speech. The circuit is built in 1.6um 2P-2M CMOS and consumes 500uW with a 3V supply when attached to a standard electret microphone.
Dirac cones at k→= in acoustic crystals and zero refractive index acoustic materials (2012)

We show that two-dimensional acoustic crystals (ACs) can be designed to exhibit Dirac cone dispersion at k→=0. Effective medium theory finds that some of these ACs can have effectively zero reciprocal of bulk modulus 1/κeff and zero mass density ρeff, and thus zero refractive indices at the Dirac point. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate various phenomena associated with the zero spatial phase change inside such materials.
Optimization of Fairness for HTTP Adaptive Streaming with Network Assistance in LTE Mobile Systems (2014)

HTTP adaptive streaming is becoming dominant for commercial video streaming services. It is typically the client that chooses the rate based on estimation of the available network bandwidth in order to avoid the client buffer to be underrun or overrun. However, the unfairness among the clients and between the clients and other competing traffic has been identified as one of major issues that lead to degraded user service quality and system capacity. Therefore, this paper proposes a network assisted rate adaptation method for HTTP streaming in the radio access network. The simulation results show that the network rate assistance is able to guarantee a fair share of the network resources. As a result, the system capacity and the user service quality can be improved.
Metal Grid Contact Design for Four-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells (2017)

Flat-panel tandem solar cells have demonstrated the potential to exceed the efficiencies of their single-junction constituents. However, robust design rules for tandem solar cells are currently lacking, slowing the development of cost-effective implementations of this technology. A double-junction solar cell with four-terminal (4T) architecture stacks two electrically independent subcells and avoids current-matching losses, resulting in two main advantages over the conventional integrated two-terminal (2T) architecture: a higher energy yield and a loosened constraint on material bandgap combinations. Because both subcells are contacted independently in a 4T tandem, multiple stacked semitransparent contacts are needed, causing optical and series resistance losses. Moreover, for stationary flat-panel tandems, contacts need to be optimized for a varying direction of incident sunlight. In this study, we develop a framework for optimizing metal grid contacts for 4T tandem solar cells and quantify the electrical and optical loss associated with these contacts. We also explore the range of conditions for which it is beneficial to align metal grid contact fingers. We find that, for most applications, the front and back contacts of the top cell should be aligned, resulting in a decrease in energy yield loss between 5% and 15%, while aligning the bottom cell contacts is not beneficial and may even reduce total energy yield. Finally, we show that for nonideally matched subcell pairings, the contacts loss in a 4T tandem is not enough to counter the yield benefit of 4T over 2T tandems, while the contact loss may make the yield for more ideally matched subcells be comparable for 2T and 4T devices.
Estimation of an Observation Satellite’s Attitude Using Multimodal Pushbroom Cameras (2014)

Pushbroom cameras are widely used for earth observation applications. This sensor acquires 1D images over time and uses the straight motion of the satellite to sweep out a region of space and build a 2D image. The stability of the satellite is critical during the pushbroom acquisition process. Therefore its attitude is assumed to be constant overtime. However, the recent manufacture of smaller and lighter satellites to reduce launching cost has weakened this assumption. Small oscillations of the satellite's attitude can result in noticeable warps in images, and geolocation information is lost as the satellite does not capture what it ought to. Current solutions use inertial sensors to control the attitude and correct the images, but they are costly and of limited precision. As the warped images do contain information about attitude variations, we suggest using image registration to estimate them. We exploit the geometry of the focal plane and the stationary nature of the disturbances to recover undistorted images. We embed the estimation in a Bayesian framework where image registration, a prior on attitude variations and a radiometric correction model are fused to retrieve the motion of the satellite. We illustrate the performance of our algorithm on four satellite datasets.
DOA estimation in partially correlated noise using low-rank/sparse matrix decomposition (2014)

We consider the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in unknown partially correlated noise environments where the noise covariance matrix is sparse. A sparse noise covariance matrix is a common model for a sparse array of sensors consisted of several widely separated subarrays. Since interelement spacing among sensors in a subarray is small, the noise in the subarray is in general spatially correlated, while, due to large distances between subarrays, the noise between them is uncorrelated. Consequently, the noise covariance matrix of such an array has a block diagonal structure which is indeed sparse. Moreover, in an ordinary nonsparse array, because of small distance between adjacent sensors, there is noise coupling between neighboring sensors, whereas one can assume that non-adjacent sensors have spatially uncorrelated noise which makes again the array noise covariance matrix sparse. Utilizing some recently available tools in low-rank/sparse matrix decomposition, matrix completion, and sparse representation, we propose a novel method which can resolve possibly correlated or even coherent sources in the aforementioned partly correlated noise. In particular, when the sources are uncorrelated, our approach involves solving a second-order cone programming (SOCP), and if they are correlated or coherent, one needs to solve a computationally harder convex program. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by numerical simulations and comparison to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB).
Modeling the degradation of natural rubber male condoms (2010)

Abstract Most condom manufacturers claim a 5 year shelf‐life for their products; however, condoms can decay much more rapidly than the reported shelf‐life would suggest, because of the uncontrolled storage conditions. For this reason, development of mathematical model to predict condom shelf‐life as a function of storage conditions can be very useful. In this work, six brands of condoms were aged under subtropical ambient conditions for 5 years and under accelerated conditions at four temperatures for various times. The changes in burst pressure and burst volume were used as the main indicators of product degradation. Experimental data were analyzed and two mathematical models (both based on the reparameterized Arrhenius equation) were proposed to describe the obtained data. It is shown for the first time that it is possible to estimate and predict the degradation of natural rubber condoms with confidence with the help of the proposed models, based on data obtained from accelerated degradation experiments, provided that different activation energies are used for the burst pressure and volume. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Bioassay-guided Isolation and Identification of Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Chrysophthalmum montanum (DC.) Boiss. (2019)

The aerial parts of Chrysophthalmum montanum (DC.) Boiss. (Asteraceae) is traditionally used for wound healing, as well as for the treatment of common cold, sinusitis, and other inflammatory diseases. The objectives of this study were to identify potential anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract, and its different polarity subextracts (n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol, and remaining aqueous), and guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones [6-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-1H-guaia-9.11(13)-dien-12.8-olide (1), 6-acetoxy-4hydroxy-9.10-epoxy-1H-guaia-11(13)-en-12.8-olide (2), 4,6-dihydroxy-1,5,7H-guaia-9(10),11(13)dien-12,8-olide (3), and (4,5,8,10)-4,10-dihydroxy-1,11(13)-guaidien-12,8-olide (4)] from the aerial parts of C. montanum. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. montanum, carrageenan-and PGE2induced hind paw edema, and acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability mice models were used. The methanol extract, the chloroform subextract, and compounds 3, and 4 were shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models at 100 mg/kg dose. The results provide a biological, and phytochemical basis for the traditional use of C. montanum aerial parts for inflammatory conditions in Turkish folk medicine.
Interactive segmentation of multi-dimensional medical data with contour-based application of genetic algorithms (2002)

The authors describe a method for contour-based segmentation of anatomical structures in tomographic images. The method requires three steps. First the authors manually trace one or more 2D contours of a structure of interest. Such contours are then used as training examples in designing a nonlinear edge-detector using a genetic algorithm. Finally, by applying the edge detector to the whole dataset the authors perform a 3D segmentation and surface reconstruction. Results obtained on magnetic resonance images of the brain are also reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pharmacogenomics of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Other Pathways in Essential Hypertension (2013)

Essential hypertension represents a cluster of genetically determined physiological abnormalities that is influenced by environmental factors and the individual’s lifestyle. Essential hypertension is a major public health challenge because it affects one in every three adult Americans and about one billion people worldwide, yet its current treatment is empirical and is focused on the remediation of a physical sign (i.e., high blood pressure [BP]) and not the underlying cause. In spite of the demonstrable utility of antihypertensive therapy, less than 50 % of patients are effectively managed. Surmounting the limitations of empirical medicine can be achieved by identifying the genetic variants that predispose an individual to develop hypertension and target organ susceptibility, as well as predict therapeutic efficacy. An increasing number of studies have shown that certain variants of genes that regulate blood pressure, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also affect the response to antihypertensive treatment.
Characteristics of Zr-based single- and multiple-barrier superconducting tunnel junctions (2006)

Using Zr oxide for the tunnel barrier formation, it is shown experimentally that the effect of pinholes is suppressed in the double-barrier versus single-barrier junction configuration. It is found that Josephson current in Nb∕Zr double-barrier junctions is much lower than in Nb∕Al junctions with comparable specific tunneling resistance and middle layer thickness. Multiple oxidation process is used to improve the quality of superconductor-insulator-superconductor Zr-based junctions.
Supplementary Table S2 from ER Stress Signaling Promotes the Survival of Cancer “Persister Cells” Tolerant to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Result of GSEA analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression (2007)

Cyclooxygenases (COX) also known as prostaglandin (PG) synthases, are present in two forms, COX-1 and COX-2. Whereas COX-1 is responsible for cytoprotective functions in a number of organs, COX-2, which is normally absent at basal levels, is induced under certain conditions including pathophysiological states like acute inflammation, arthritis, as well as in cancer and cancer-related angiogenesis. Overexpression of COX-2 enhances PGE2 synthesis, thereby resulting in increased cellular proliferation, which is an important role for the molecule in cancer progression. In addition, increased PGE2 levels protect the cancer cells from the deleterious effects of ionization radiation (IR). COX-2 expression is tightly controlled under normal conditions. At the transcriptional level, COX-2 gene expression is controlled by multiple elements in a 800-bp region proximal to the transcription start site. Many cellular transcription factors bind these elements to regulate the COX-2 gene transcription. Among them, the key factors are NF-kB and b-catenin. Of these, b-catenin is especially interesting because it can egulate COX-2 both directly by binding to the promoter elements as a comples with either TCF-4/LEF or p300, or indirectly by inducing expression of PEA-3, which subsequently binds to its cognate element in the COX-2 promoter to induce transcription. COX-2 mRNA is also tightly regulated at the post-transcriptional levels of mRNA stability and translation. This is mediated by AU-rich sequence elements located in the 3¢UTR of the COX-2 mRNA. Multiple RNA binding proteins have been identified that bind to the AU-rich sequences in the COX-2 3¢-UTR to mediate this process. HuR, a ubiquitously expressed protein, is overexpressed in colon and other cancer cells, and it increases the stability and translation of COX-2 mRNA. In contrast, CUGBP2 is induced in cells undergoing apoptosis and it inhibits translation of COX-2 mRNA. Another protein that have been identified induce the translation is hnRNPA1, whereas those that inhibit the translation are TIA1, TTP, TIAR, and AUF1.
Alopecia Universalis and Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease Treated With Ruxolitinib (2018)

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Enzymatische Umsetzung von Flavonoiden mit einer bakteriellen Chalconisomerase und einer Enoatreduktase (2013)

Abstract Flavonoide stellen eine große Gruppe pflanzlicher Sekundärmetabolite dar und haben eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher biologischer Eigenschaften. Aufgrund dessen stehen sie im Interesse vieler Wissenschaftler, da sie zu vielen industriell interessanten Verbindungen führen können. Das anaerobe Darmbakterium Eubacterium ramulus kann über einen bislang unbekannten Abbauweg diese Flavonoide verstoffwechseln. Über eine Vollgenom‐Sequenzierung wurden in dieser Arbeit die entscheidenden Enzyme, eine Chalconisomerase (CHI) und eine Enoatreduktase (ERED), identifiziert, kloniert und funktionell sogar unter aeroben Bedingungen exprimiert. Mittels Biotransformation des Flavanons zum Dihydrochalcon konnte der Flavonoid‐Abbauweg bewiesen werden. Der beide Enzyme exprimierende E.‐coli‐Stamm kann für die Umsetzung verschiedener Flavanone eingesetzt werden. Dies unterstreicht die Anwendbarkeit des in dieser Arbeit entwickelten biokatalytischen Systems.
3D cross-point phase-change memory for storage-class memory (2019)

Abstract We survey progress in the 3D cross-point phase-change memory (PCM) field over recent years, starting from the choice of 3D-capable access devices to candidate Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) materials, particularly with high cycling endurance and good thermal stability. First, we discuss 3D integration challenges faced when combining OTS and PCM. Then, we review the operation scheme of the OTS+PCM cross-point devices as well as the criteria that an OTS access device needs to meet (e.g. V th and I OFF ) to successfully operate true cross-point array. We also review arsenic (As) and non-As-based OTS materials and discuss their properties as well as those of phase-change materials, focusing in particular on fast switching speed and long endurance compounds, which are among those proposed for storage-class memory (SCM). Finally, we briefly survey recent work on OTS integrated with PCM in stackable devices for SCM application.
Designing “Faster” Progress Bars (2012)

Human perception of time is fluid, and can be manipulated in purposeful and productive ways. In this chapter, the authors describe and evaluate how progress bar pacing behaviors and graphical design can alter users’ perceptions of an operation’s duration. Although progress bars are relatively simple, they provide an ideal playground in which to experiment with perceptual effects in user interface design. As a baseline in the experiments, the authors use generic, solid-color progress bars with linear pacing behaviors, prevalent in many user interfaces. In a series of direct comparison tests, they are able to rank how different progress bar designs compare to one another. Using these results, it is possible to craft perceptually-optimized progress bars that appear faster, even though their actual duration remains unchanged. Throughout, the authors include design suggestions that can contribute to an overall more responsive, pleasant, and human-centric computing experience.