gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating Bone Strain to Local Changes in Radius Microstructure Following 12 Months of Axial Forearm Loading in Women (2020)

Work in animal models suggests that bone structure adapts to local bone strain, but this relationship has not been comprehensively studied in humans. Here, we quantified the influence of strain magnitude and gradient on bone adaptation in the forearm of premenopausal women performing compressive forearm loading (n = 11) and nonloading controls (n = 10). High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) scans of the distal radius acquired at baseline and 12 months of a randomized controlled experiment were used to identify local sites of bone formation and resorption. Bone strain was estimated using validated finite element (FE) models. Trabecular strain magnitude and gradient were higher near (within 200 μm) formation versus resorption (p < 0.05). Trabecular formation and resorption occurred preferentially near very high (>95th percentile) versus low (<5th percentile) strain magnitude and gradient elements, and very low strain elements were more likely to be near resorption than formation (p < 0.05). In the cortical compartment, strain gradient was higher near formation versus resorption (p < 0.05), and both formation and resorption occurred preferentially near very high versus low strain gradient elements (p < 0.05). At most, 54% of very high and low strain elements were near formation or resorption only, and similar trends were observed in the control and load groups. These findings suggest that strain, likely in combination with other physiological factors, influences adaptation under normal loads and in response to a novel loading intervention, and represents an important step toward defining exercise interventions to maximize bone strength.
Compositionally controlled plasmonics in amorphous semiconductor metasurfaces (2018)

Amorphous bismuth telluride (Bi:Te) provides a composition-dependent, CMOS-compatible alternative material platform for plasmonics in the ultraviolet-visible spectral range. Thin films of the chalcogenide semiconductor are found, using high-throughput physical vapor deposition and characterization techniques, to exhibit a plasmonic response (a negative value of the real part of relative permittivity) over a band of wavelengths extending from ~250 nm to between 530 and 978 nm, depending on alloy composition (Bi:Te at% ratio). The plasmonic response is illustrated via the fabrication of subwavelength period nano-grating metasurfaces, which present strong, period-dependent plasmonic absorption resonances in the visible range, manifested in the perceived color of the nanostructured domains in reflection.
Highly-nonlinear RSOA RIN compression (2014)

It has been recently experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that three nonlinear operation regimes can be observed in reflective semiconductor amplifiers in relation to gain saturation and, consequently, in relation to the bleaching of the modulation portion of the injected signal while the injected power increases. For moderately high-injected power, the modulation component of the signal is partially bleached, i.e., the extinction ratio (ER) is reduced. For higher input power, the modulation is exactly cancelled, i.e., the ER is almost 0 dB. Finally a further increase of injected power determines modulation inversion, with consequent eye re-opening. While the first two phenomena can be observed also in SOAs, though usually at higher injected power, the last regime is specific of RSOAs. In highly nonlinear RSOA the simultaneous presence of two waves, the incoming one and the reflected, which locally compete for gain along the device length, defines areas of strong depletion. The RSOA noise reduction capability, which has been widely exploited in passive optical networks (PON) topologies, is achieved by compressing the optical intensity fluctuations associated to the injected signal. This capability relies on the same mechanism governing gain saturation and modulation bleaching. Thus it is not surprising that the same nonlinear regimes observed in relation to gain saturation can be evidenced in relation to relative intensity noise (RIN) compression. In order to highlight this behavior and its consequences on PON design, we experimentally emulated a spectrum-sliced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PON topology. The impact on RIN of the injection into the RSOA and subsequent filtering actions operated by arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) placed at the remote node and at the optical line terminal is evaluated both experimentally and by simulations. RIN measurements are performed in time domain exploiting a real time oscilloscope and in the spectral domain using an electrical spectrum analyzer in different point of the WDM PON topology to enlighten the different contributions to noise. Simulations have been also using an RSOA simple model, which has been realized with the commercial software, OptSim by RSOFT, and has been implemented by matching the data collected from the RSOA gain experimental characterization.
Theoretical Analysis on the Short-Circuit Current of Inverter-Interfaced Renewable Energy Generators with Fault-Ride-Through Capability (2017)

Renewable energy generators (REGs) usually employ power electronic devices for connecting with the grid, which makes their fault characteristics completely different from those of conventional synchronous generators. In the existing studies, the simulation methods are mainly adopted to analyze fault current contribution from REG. As a result, the explanations on the fault current show diversity and cannot reach a recognized standard. The REGs’ mathematical model in relay-setting calculations is unknown. Thus, this paper theoretically analyses the fault current characteristics of inverter-interfaced REGs (IIREGs) with fault-ride-through (FRT) ability. In order to understand the fault current characteristics, the FRT control strategy for IIREGs is firstly studied. Then the characteristics of high-frequency and fundamental-frequency fault currents from IIREGs are theoretically analyzed after and during the faults. The affecting factors and duration time of different frequency fault currents are, respectively, revealed. Further, the mathematical expression of fundamental fault currents from IIREGs are derived and verified based on the experimental test bench. The results can be used in estimating the IIREGs’ fault contributions and developing the fault calculation model.
Dirofilaria immitis Microfilariae and Third-Stage Larvae Induce Canine NETosis Resulting in Different Types of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (2018)

Heartworm disease is a zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> mainly affecting canids. Infectious third-stage larvae (L3) are transmitted to the definitive hosts <i>via</i> culicid mosquitoes; adult nematodes reside in the pulmonary arteries and in the right heart releasing unsheathed first-stage larvae (microfilariae) into the bloodstream leading to chronic and sometimes fatal disease. So far, early innate immune reactions triggered by these different <i>D. immitis</i> stages in the canine host have scarcely been investigated. Therefore, <i>D. immitis</i> microfilariae and L3 were analyzed for their capacity to induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in canine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Overall, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed both larval stages as strong inducers of canine NETosis. Co-localization of PMN-derived extracellular DNA with granulocytic histones, neutrophil elastase, or myeloperoxidase in parasite-entrapping structures confirmed the classical characteristics of NETosis. Quantitative analyses showed that both larval stages triggered canine NETs in a time-dependent but dose-independent manner. Moreover, parasite-induced NET formation was not influenced by the parasites viability since heat-inactivated microfilariae and L3 also induced NETs. In addition, parasite/PMN confrontation promoted significant entrapment but not killing of microfilariae and L3. Both, NETosis and larval entrapment was significantly reversed <i>via</i> DNase I treatments while treatments with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium failed to significantly influence these reactions. Interestingly, different types of NETs were induced by microfilariae and L3 since microfilarial stages merely induced spread and diffuse NETs while the larger L3 additionally triggered aggregated NET formation.
A highly stable timebase for subsampling systems using a fractional concept with short periodicity (2011)

Concerning UWB applications a highly stable timebase is of great importance. Within this timebase a finely resoluted frequency synthesizer is used to generate two signals with a slight offset in frequency. In order to avoid the poor spectral performance of commercial direct digital synthesizers and to decrease the effort and costs in circuit design compared to a phase locked loop concept a new approach is presented within this paper. This concept utilizes two fractional-N frequency dividers with a short periodicity in division factor sequence. The resulting spurious signals are suppressed using a ceramic bandpass filter. The basic concept as well as a realization of the system are presented. Measurement results show a phase noise performance of −157 dBc/Hz @ 20kHz at a frequency of 5.35 MHz while having a frequency resolution well below 100 Hz.
Streptococcus suisSequence Type 7 Outbreak, Sichuan, China (2006)

An outbreak of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 emerged in the summer of 2005 in Sichuan Province, and sporadic infections occurred in 4 additional provinces of China. In total, 99 S. suis strains were isolated and analyzed in this study: 88 isolates from human patients and 11 from diseased pigs. We defined 98 of 99 isolates as pulse type I by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing classified 97 of 98 members of the pulse type I in the same sequence type (ST), ST-7. Isolates of ST-7 were more toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells than ST-1 strains. S. suis ST-7, the causative agent, was a single-locus variant of ST-1 with increased virulence. These findings strongly suggest that ST-7 is an emerging, highly virulent S. suis clone that caused the largest S. suis outbreak ever described.
Low schottky barrier junctions on strained p-Si1-xGexfor infrared detection (1997)

Electrical properties of different low Schottky barrier junctions on high quality strained-Si1-xGex layers with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.24 were studied. The investigated metals were Ir, Pt, Pd and Fe. In addition, PtSi/p-Si1-xGex junctions were also produced and characterized; the silicide was deposited by co-sputtering. High-resolution multi-crystal x-ray diffraction (HR-MCXRD) was used to investigate the sample quality and strain state of the MBE grown p-Si1-xGex layers and to accurately determine the Ge fraction in the fabricated junctions. The Schottky barrier height of the studied junctions were found to decrease with the Ge fraction (x) in the Si1-xGex layer. Different junctions showed the same dependence on the Ge fraction. The reduction of the barrier heights with increasing Ge fraction was found to be related to the valence band discontinuity in the underlying Si1-xGex/Si heterojunction. It was then concluded that the cut-off wavelength of infrared detector fabricated on Si1-xGex layer can be tuned in a wide range in the infrared region by changing x. A cut-off wavelength of 13.8 mu M was shown to be feasible in this work.
Model for the functional active site of Baeyer–Villigerases. X-Ray crystal data for (1S,2R,5R,8S,1′R)-8-endo-benzoyloxy-N-(1′-phenylethyl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2-endo-carboxamide (1995)

An active-site model for enzyme-catalysed Baeyer–Villiger reactions is proposed and tested by transformation of the tricyclic ketone 6 to the lactone 7( > 98% ee) using purified enzymes from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 and Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 10 007 (MO1). The absolute stereochemistry of the lactone 7 was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure determination of the (1R′)-α-methylbenzylamide benzoate derivative 11b. Baeyer–Villiger reactions (and Baeyer–Villigerases) are classified by the stereochemistry of the active site and the hydroxy peroxide intermediates.
Nonlinear spectra/dispersion of quinolinium dyes using dual-arm Z-scan (2013)

We report two-photon absorption spectra and nonlinear refraction dispersion of a new series of quinolinium heptamethine cyanine dyes measured using our dual-arm Z-scan and fit of spectra and dispersion with an essential-state model.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP) Inhibitors. Part 7. Design and Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Dihydropyrazolobenzoxazines as Potent Inhibitors of the Mitotic Kinesin KSP. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Topological routing path search algorithm with incremental routability test (2002)

The article describes a topological routing path search algorithm embedded in the auto-router for printed circuit boards. The algorithm searches for a topological path that is guaranteed to be transformable into a physical wire satisfying design rules. The authors propose a method for incrementally verifying design rules during topological path search in a graph based on constrained Delaunay triangulation, and describe several improvements to the routing path search algorithm that remedy the overhead of the routability test and avoid combinatorial explosion.
Theory of block copolymer solutions: nonselective good solvents (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of block copolymer solutions: nonselective good solventsGlenn H. Fredrickson and Ludwik LeiblerCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 3, 1238–1250Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00193a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00193a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1070Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-consistent field model of polymer adsorption: matched asymptotic expansion describing tails (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-consistent field model of polymer adsorption: matched asymptotic expansion describing tailsHarry J. Ploehn and William B. RusselCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 266–276Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00191a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conjugate Addition of a Silyl Ketene Acetal to α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones (2006)

Abstract Conjugate addition of a silyl ketene acetal [Me2C˭C (OMe)OSiMe3] to α,β‐unsaturated lactones (namely, 5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, 2(5H)‐furanone as Michael acceptor) occurs efficiently at room temperature in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium bibenzoate (TBABB), in THF as well as Lewis acid catalysts such as Yb(OTf)3 and I2 in CH2Cl2, giving the corresponding 1,4‐adducts in excellent yields. Keywords: 1,4‐AdditionConjugate additioncyclic α,β‐unsaturated esterselectrophileLewis acidMichael acceptorMichael additionMukaiyama–Michael addition O‐silylated ketene acetalnucleopilic catalyst Acknowledgments R. G. thanks CSIR, New Delhi, for a senior research fellowship.
Mode-area scaling of helical-core dual-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers (2005)

Helical-core, dual-clad fibers have been designed for single-mode operation with 60-/spl mu/m cores and 0.10 NA. Helical fibers are shown to perform where conventional coiled fibers cannot operate, with possible scaling to 200-/spl mu/m-diameter helical cores.
The Gold(I) Complex with Plant Hormone Kinetin Shows Promising In Vitro Anticancer and PPARγ Properties (2023)

Motivated by the clinical success of gold(I) metallotherapeutic <i>Auranofin</i> in the effective treatment of both inflammatory and cancer diseases, we decided to prepare, characterize, and further study the [Au(kin)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] complex (<b>1</b>), where Hkin = kinetin, 6-furfuryladenine, for its in vitro anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The results revealed that the complex (<b>1</b>) had significant in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R, PC-3, 22Rv1, and THP-1), with IC<sub>50</sub> ≈ 1-5 μM, which was even significantly better than that for the conventional platinum-based drug <i>Cisplatin</i> while comparable with <i>Auranofin</i>. Although its ability to inhibit transcription factor NF-κB activity did not exceed the comparative drug <i>Auranofin</i>, it has been found that it is able to positively influence peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and as a consequence of this to have the impact of moderating/reducing inflammation. The cellular effects of the complex (<b>1</b>) in A2780 cancer cells were also investigated by cell cycle analysis, induction of apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, activation of caspases 3/7 and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and shotgun proteomic analysis. Proteomic analysis of R2780 cells treated with complex (<b>1</b>) and starting compounds revealed possible different places of the effect of the studied compounds. Moreover, the time-dependent cellular accumulation of copper was studied by means of the mass spectrometry study with the aim of exploring the possible mechanisms responsible for its biological effects.
Ultra-miniaturized WLAN RF receiver with chip-last GaAs embedded active (2011)

The first demonstration of an ultra-miniaturized WLAN (2.4 GHz) receiver module with chip-last Embedded Actives (Low Noise Amplifier) and Embedded Passives (low pass filter) is presented. The 100μm thick low noise amplifier (LNA) GaAs dies were embedded in an ultra-thin, low loss organic package substrate in close proximity to an embedded RF filter. The low pass filter had an insertion loss of less than 0.3 dB and return loss better than 20dB at 2.4 GHz. The measured gain of the LNA Module was 13.22 dB with a noise figure of 1.7 dB. The overall thickness of the package including embedded ICs was 300μm resulting in significant z-height reduction compared to current wire bond and flip chip packages. Chip-last embedding enables testability of ICs and embedded passives substrate prior to chip embedding for high yield.
Mechanical and Thermophysical Properties of 3D-Printed SiC before and after Neutron Irradiation – FY21 (2021)

This report presents the mechanical and thermophysical properties of 3D-printed SiC before and after neutron irradiation that have been evaluated to assess the fuel matrix material for the Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR). The TCR fuel form consists of an additively-manufactured silicon carbide (SiC) matrix and uranium nitride tristructural isotropic (UN TRISO) fuel particles, which is manufactured through a newly developed processing route combining binderjet 3D printing, TRISO fuel particle loading, and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Because the fuel matrix is a primary component of the TCR core and its response to mechanical and thermal loads during operation is one of the most influential factors on the integrity of TCR core, testing and evaluation have focused on producing mechanical and thermophysical properties data for the binderjet/CVI SiC. Baseline mechanical and thermophysical properties were measured from the disk specimens printed for different and sizes orientations, which included equibiaxial flexural failure strength, elastic constants, thermal diffusivity and conductivity, density, and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Flexural failure strength datasets showed similar Weibull distributions regardless of sample variants including different orientations. The mean failure strengths of the 3D-printed SiC variants were in the range of 280–310 MPa, which are slightly lower than that of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) SiC. Thermophysical test results showed that specific heat and thermal expansion are not sensitive to the build direction of SiC samples, while thermal conductivity is highly dependent on the build direction and can be correlated to the anisotropic character of the 3D-printed SiC. Neutron irradiation tests were carried out on the 3D-printed 6-mm diameter SiC disk specimens. Irradiation was carried to 2.3 dpa over a temperature range of 360–880°C. No significant degradation in strength was observed in SiC after irradiations in various conditions and with different orientations. Anisotropy that had been observed in the thermal conductivity of 3D-printed SiC prior to irradiation vanished after irradiation as the irradiation defect thermal resistivity accumulated in the material. Electron microscopy of the microstructure after neutron irradiation showed distinct defect morphologies in the heterogenous material, but no evidence for irradiation-induced cracking or degradation in the microstructure was observed.