gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Darwinian Evolution on a Chip (2008)

Computer control of Darwinian evolution has been demonstrated by propagating a population of RNA enzymes in a microfluidic device. The RNA population was challenged to catalyze the ligation of an oligonucleotide substrate under conditions of progressively lower substrate concentrations. A microchip-based serial dilution circuit automated an exponential growth phase followed by a 10-fold dilution, which was repeated for 500 log-growth iterations. Evolution was observed in real time as the population adapted and achieved progressively faster growth rates over time. The final evolved enzyme contained a set of 11 mutations that conferred a 90-fold improvement in substrate utilization, coinciding with the applied selective pressure. This system reduces evolution to a microfluidic algorithm, allowing the experimenter to observe and manipulate adaptation.
A unified form of low-energy nodal electronic interactions in hole-doped cuprate superconductors (2019)

Using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+δ</sub> over a wide range of doping levels, we present a universal form for the non-Fermi liquid electronic interactions in the nodal direction in the exotic normal state phase. It is described by a continuously varying power law exponent versus energy and temperature (hence named a Power Law Liquid or PLL), which with doping varies smoothly from a quadratic Fermi Liquid in the overdoped regime, to a linear Marginal Fermi Liquid at optimal doping, to a non-quasiparticle non-Fermi Liquid in the underdoped regime. The coupling strength is essentially constant across all regimes and is consistent with Planckian dissipation. Using the extracted PLL parameters we reproduce the experimental optics and resistivity over a wide range of doping and normal-state temperature values, including the T* pseudogap temperature scale observed in the resistivity curves. This breaks the direct link to the pseudogapping of antinodal spectral weight observed at similar temperature scales and gives an alternative direction for searches of the microscopic mechanism.
Identification of profilin as an actin-binding protein in higher plants. (1993)

Profilin is a low molecular weight protein involved in the organization of the mammalian and protozoan cytoskeleton as well as in signal transduction. In this study, profilin is identified as an actin-binding protein in higher plants which is present in monocot and dicot angiosperms. Birch pollen profilin and actin can be copurified as a complex, and purified recombinant birch profilin can be used as an affinity matrix to obtain birch pollen actin. The binding of 125I-labeled recombinant birch pollen profilin to plant and animal actins can be blocked by profilin-specific antibodies that react with different epitopes of birch profilin. One of the blocking antibodies was raised against the 25 COOH-terminal amino acids indicating the importance of this region in the profilactin complex formation.
Measurements of water distribution in thin lithographic films (2004)

Neutron and x-ray reflectivity measurements quantify the non-uniform distribution of water within poly(4-<i>tert</i>-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCSt) and poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHOSt) thin films on silicon wafer substrates. Two contrasting surface treatments were examined, silicon oxide, representing a hydrophilic interface and a trimethylsilane primed surface, representing a hydrophobic interface. The distribution of water in the films was sensitive to the surface preparation and photoresist relative hydrophilicity. Depending upon the water contact angle of the substrate in comparison to the polymer film, an excess of water near the interface occurs when the substrate is more hydrophilic than the photoresist. Likewise, interfacial depletion results when the photoresist is more hydrophilic than the substrate. These non-uniform water distributions occurs within (50 ± 10)&angst; of the photoresist/substrate interface. The water concentration in this interfacial region appears to be independent of the photoresist properties, but is strongly dependent upon the substrate surface energy.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Puerarin Glucosides Using Leuconostoc Dextransucrase (2012)

Puerarin (P), an isoflavone derived from kudzu roots, has strong biological activities, but its bioavailability is often limited by its low water solubility. To increase its solubility, P was glucosylated by three dextransucrases from Leuconostoc or Streptococcus species. Leuconostoc lactis EG001 dextransucrase exhibited the highest productivity of puerarin glucosides (P-Gs) among the three tested enzymes, and it primarily produced two P-Gs with a 53% yield. Their structures were identified as alpha-D-glucosyl-(1-->6)-P (P-G) by using LC-MS or (1)H- or (13)C-NMR spectroscopies and alpha-D-isomaltosyl-(1-->6)-P (P-IG2) by using specific enzymatic hydrolysis, and their solubilities were 15- and 202-fold higher than that of P, respectively. P-G and P-IG2 are easily applicable in the food and pharmaceutical industries as alternative functional materials.
Genetic Stability in Long-Term Micropropagated Plants ofGentiana Kurroo—An Endangered Medicinal Plant (2009)

The present investigation was carried out to study genetic stability of micropropagated plants of Gentiana kurroo using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and karyotype analysis. A large number of micropropagated plantlets of G. kurroo developed from nodal segment explants started more than 10 years ago were assessed for genetic variations. Similarly, the donor mother plant maintained in the arboretum was also subjected to genetic analysis. Out of 20 RAPD primers, 5 displayed the same banding profile within all the micropropagated plants and donor mother plant. The karyotypic analysis showed no chromosomal variations in the plants micropropagated through nodal segment culturing. High multiplication rate of healthy plant material associated with molecular and karyotypic stability ensures the efficacy of the protocol to be used across a long period for in-vitro propagation of this important medicinal plant species.
Spectral Induced Polarization Signatures of Hydroxide Adsorption and Mineral Precipitation in Porous Media (2012)

The spectral induced polarization (SIP) technique is a promising approach for delineating subsurface physical and chemical property changes in a minimally invasive manner. To facilitate the understanding of position and chemical properties of reaction fronts that involve mineral precipitation in porous media, we investigated spatiotemporal variations in complex conductivity during evolution of urea hydrolysis and calcite precipitation reaction fronts within a silica gel column. The real and imaginary parts of complex conductivity were shown to be sensitive to changes in both solution chemistry and calcium carbonate precipitation. Distinct changes in imaginary conductivity coincided with increased hydroxide ion concentration during urea hydrolysis. In a separate experiment focused on the effect of hydroxide concentration on interfacial polarization of silica gel and well-sorted sand, we found a significant dependence of the polarization response on pH changes of the solution. We propose a conceptual model describing hydroxide ion adsorption behavior in silica gel and its control on interfacial polarizability. Our results demonstrate the utility of SIP for noninvasive monitoring of reaction fronts, and indicate its potential for quantifying geochemical processes that control the polarization responses of porous media at larger spatial scales in the natural environment.
Next-Generation Interactive Broadcast Services (2004)

This contribution discusses some recent trends in interactive broadcast systems, namely personalisable rich media TV, scalability of services, the co-operation of broadcast networks with their fixed or mobile IP-based counterparts and the convergence of communication and entertainment services. For each of these, an example will be presented.
Self-Adaptation Applied to Peer-Set Maintenance in Chord via a Generic Autonomic Management Framework (2010)

Self-adaptation can be achieved by autonomic management of facets of a system's constituent components. This paper reports on a generic autonomic management framework and on its application to a key-based routing protocol as used in the peer-to-peer overlay Chord. The framework implements generic components of the autonomic management cycle. In the work reported here it was used to build a manager which autonomically controls the maintenance scheduling of the peer-set in individual Chord nodes, governed by some high-level policies. This manager improved routing performance and resource consumption in comparison to statically configured Chord nodes in a deployed network which was exposed to various membership churn and workload patterns.
Imaging the Human Vocal Folds in Vivo with Optical Coherence Tomography: A Preliminary Experience (2006)

"Live microscopy" of the human vocal folds is very promising for improved diagnosis, mapping, and treatment planning. To our knowledge, this study is the first application of PS-OCT for in vivo imaging of the human vocal folds.
Copy Number Variation Analysis of 100 Twin Pairs Enriched for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2018)

Hundreds of penetrant risk loci have been identified across different neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), and these often involve rare (<1% frequency) copy number variations (CNVs), which can involve one or more genes. Monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs are long thought to share 100% of their genomic information. However, genetic differences in the form of postzygotic somatic variants have been reported recently both in typically developing (TD) and in clinically discordant MZ pairs. We sought to investigate the contribution of rare CNVs in 100 twin pairs enriched for NDD phenotypes with a particular focus on postzygotic CNVs in MZ pairs discordant for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Illumina Infinium PsychArray. In our sample, no postzygotic de novo CNVs were found in 55 MZ twin pairs, including the 13 pairs discordant for ASD. We did detect a higher rate of CNVs overlapping genes involved in disorders of the nervous system, such as a rare deletion affecting HNRNPU, in MZ pairs discordant and concordant for ASD in comparison with TD pairs (p = .02). Our results are in concordance with earlier findings that postzygotic de novo CNV events are typically rare in genomic DNA derived from saliva or blood, and suggests that the discordance of NDDs in our sample of twins is not explained by discordant CNVs. Still, studies investigating postzygotic variation in MZ discordant twins using DNA from different tissues and single cells and higher resolution genomics are needed in the future.
Autonomic User Interface (2002)

The object of autonomic computing is essentially to minimize human supervision, i.e. the computer system must at some level manage all its processes and seek human attention only to resolve high level issues. In today’s computer systems, interfaces are by far the most demanding aspect of computers– we spend more time using the “backspace” key than changing broken disks. Thus for a computer system to be truly autonomic it must possess an “autonomic user interface (AUI)”. An autonomic user interface must provide users with a much higher level of service than today’s interfaces while at the same time being self-aware, aware of its environment, adapting to changes and being self-healing. While tasks like wordprocessing and programming can be carried out efficiently with today’s inflexible keyboard and mouse interface, many tasks that involve querying, controlling and instructing a computer can be completed more easily with an autonomic, multi-modal interface, including speech and visual inputs, and more complex output modes than the traditional monitor. The paper discusses a natural interface to a computer through the use of multiple cameras and microphones as sensors while focussing on ways of achieving autonomic characteristics in such interfaces through the use of multiple sensors, cross modality in input and output, learning algorithms and models of system architecture, the user and the environment.
Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of the Novel Microtubule‐Stabilizing Agent Peloruside A (2003)

A unique configuration-dependent mechanistic switch, observed when epimeric seco-acids are subjected to typical Mitsunobu lactonization conditions, is just one of the many unexpected, yet insightful surprises of a synthetic adventure culminating in the first enantioselective total synthesis of the novel microtubule-stabilizing natural product peloruside A (1).
Liquid Jet Impingement Cooling of a Silicon Carbide Power Conversion Module for Vehicle Applications (2014)

Thermal management of power electronics is an extremely challenging problem in the harsh environment of military hybrid vehicles, where the local air and liquid coolant's temperature exceed 100 °C under regular operating conditions. This paper presents the development work of a high heat flux, jet impingement-cooled heat exchanger for a 600-V/50-A silicon carbide (SiC) power module (rated at 175 °C device junction temperature), used for bidirectional power conversion between a 28-V battery and a 300-V dc bus. A total of 50 volume% mixture of water-ethylene glycol (WEG) coolant at 100 °C inlet temperature is the only available coolant. An array of WEG coolant microjets impinges on the base plate of the SiC module. The jet impingement cooling system has been optimized by experimental studies on a surrogate module, along with a high-fidelity computational model, to accurately estimate the SiC device junction temperature in relevant operating conditions. Results indicate that at the design heat load of 151 W (worst-case scenario), the SiC device junction temperature is reduced from 290 °C with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) cold plate cooling and 215 °C with COTS microchannel heat exchanger cooling, to 169 °C with a jet impingement-cooled heat exchanger, using the same flow rate.
The Relationship Between Lumbar Lateral Listhesis and Radiculopathy in Adult Scoliosis (2019)

2.
TORC1 signaling modulates Cdk8-dependent GAL gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2021)

Cdk8 of the RNA polymerase II mediator kinase complex regulates gene expression by phosphorylating sequence-specific transcription factors. This function is conserved amongst eukaryotes, but the signals and mechanisms regulating Cdk8 activity and phosphorylation of its substrates are unknown. Full induction of the GAL genes in yeast requires phosphorylation of the transcriptional activator Gal4 by Cdk8. We used a screen to identify regulators of the Cdk8-dependent phosphorylation on Gal4, from which we identified multiple mutants with defects in TORC1 signaling. One mutant, designated gal four throttle 1 (gft1) was identified as a recessive allele of hom3, encoding aspartokinase, and mutations in hom3 caused effects typical of inhibition of TORC1, including rapamycin sensitivity and enhanced nuclear localization of the TORC1-responsive transcription factor Gat1. Mutations in hom3 also inhibit phosphorylation of Gal4 in vivo at the Cdk8-dependent site on Gal4, as did mutations of tor1, but these mutations did not affect activity of Cdk8 assayed in vitro. Disruption of cdc55, encoding a regulatory subunit of the TORC1-regulated protein phosphatase PP2A, suppressed the effect of hom3 and tor1 mutations on GAL expression, and also restored phosphorylation of Gal4 at the Cdk8-dependent site in vivo. These observations demonstrate that TORC1 signaling regulates GAL induction through the activity of PP2A/Cdc55 and suggest that Cdk8-dependent phosphorylation of Gal4 is opposed by PP2A/Cdc55 dephosphorylation. These results provide insight into how induction of transcription by a specific inducer can be modulated by global nutritional signals through regulation of Cdk8-dependent phosphorylation.
Verb Classes and Alternations in Bangla, German, English, and Korean (1994)

In this report, we investigate the relationship between the semantic and syntactic properties of verbs. Our work is based on the English Verb Classes and Alternations of (Levin, 1993). We explore how these classes are manifested in other languages, in particular, in Bangla, German, and Korean. Our report includes a survey and classification of several hundred verbs from these languages into the cross-linguistic equivalents of Levin&amp;apos;s classes. We also explore ways in which our findings may be used to enhance WordNet in two ways: making the English syntactic information of WordNet more fine-grained, and making WordNet multilingual. Copyright c fl Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994 This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This research is supported by NSF grant 9217041-ASC and ARPA under the HPCC program, as well as by a generous grant from the NEC Corporation. Contents Introduction 1 by Douglas...
Postural reactions to inclined visual ground-like surfaces (2017)

The perception and control of body orientation is based on the ability to align body axes with gravity directions on surrogates axes such as visual ground surface. We hypothesized a 'horizontality assumption': similarly to vertical surfaces moving in depth (Lee & Aronson, 1974), a slight inclination of the ground will induce postural adjustments in the direction of the surface norm, in order to regain the visually assumed upright orientation. We tested this hypothesis in an experiment that took place in a virtual reality system free of extraneous visual gravity cues. The stimulus consisted of a 20x20 m ground-like surface, textured with an irregular mesh, presented with binocular disparity. In the static condition, the surface was presented 3 times with 4 slants from 2.5 to 20 deg deviation from the horizontal, and 5 tilts, the direction of maximum inclination, from -45 to +45 deg from straight ahead. In the dynamic condition, the surface was initially presented horizontally, and gradually inclined to same orientations. We measured center of pressure (COP) using a Wii Balance Board. We fitted COP trajectories by 95% confidence ellipses, and performed a linear regression between the angle of major axis and surface tilt, in order to quantify how postural reactions are aligned with the direction of surface inclination. In the static condition, mean slope was 0.21 (p=0.04, signed-rank test), with the correlation significantly strongest for slant of 5 deg. In the dynamic condition, mean slope was 0.55 (p=0.03), with a maximum at slant 10 deg. Time evolution of the regression slope indicates a delay followed by a plateau in the static condition, and an immediate and continuous rise in the dynamic condition. These results support the horizontality assumption in both dynamic and static conditions, but with postural reactions about two times smaller in the static condition. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Experimental demonstration of using microelectromechanical deformable mirrors to control optical aberrations (1997)

Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors (MEM-DM) are solid state electronic devices with small, movable reflective surface elements which can be used to manipulate the phase of optical wave fronts. MEM-DMs differ from conventional continuous facesheet deformable mirrors in that the movable surface of a MEM-DM consists of a set of segmented moving surfaces. The segmented, reflective surfaces of a MEM-DM give rise to larger diffraction effects than those provided by continous facesheet deformable mirrors. However, MEM-DMs are still attractive due to their low cost and the low drive voltages. In this paper we present laboratory results demonstrating reduction of a fixed aberration using a MEM-DM device.
Self-Similar Multiresonant Nanoantenna Arrays for Sensing from Near- to Mid-Infrared (2018)

Tailoring nanoscale light concentration and electromagnetic near-field enhancement over a broad spectral range is crucial for many photonics applications such as infrared spectroscopy, photodetection, and light harvesting. So far, broadband light enhancement has faced significant challenges due to the difficulty of efficiently exciting resonances at spectrally separated wavelengths and the inability of current devices to individually tune each specific resonance. Here, we introduce a multiresonant structure based on the non-overlapping combination of plasmonic nano antenna arrays with multiple periodicities. The self-similarity of the multiperiodic array, obtained by a fractal-like generation procedure, enables the excitation of a high number of resonances without compromising their excitation efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate devices with up to four independent resonances covering an unprecedentedly wide spectral range from 10 to 1.5 mu m. Significantly, the reflectance signal is uniformly strong for all the resonances, reaching more than 70% amplitude and near-field intensity enhancements above 1000. We further show that each individual resonance wavelength can be independently controlled over a 50% spectral range by modifying a single geometrical antenna parameter, providing superior flexibility in tailoring the overall spectral response. Due to the self-similar layout and independent resonances, our design is well described by temporal coupled-mode theory, allowing for a straightforward extension for other nanophotonic applications. Finally, we demonstrate that the wide spectral coverage of our design enables a unique sensing method by simultaneously performing chemically specific mid-infrared detection and near infrared refractometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Σ‐BONDED EARLY TRANSITION METAL‐CARBON DERIVATIVES. III. COMPLEXES OF METHYLTUNGSTEN(VI) PENTAHALIDE, HALIDE OXIDE, AND HALIDE DIOXIDE (1976)

Abstract Die Methylwolframverbindung (I) erhält man bei der Reaktion von WCl 6 mit 1 Moläquivalent (CH 3 ) 2 Hg bei ‐45°C. Sie liefert mit zweizähnigen Liganden die achtfachkoordinierten Komplexe (II), deren spektroskopische Charakterisierung und osmometrische Molekulargewichtsbestimmung zeigt, daß (IIa) monomer,(IIb) jedoch dirner vorliegt.
A 39 GHz spatial division multiplex MU-MIMO using 256 element hybrid AAS for IAB application (2023)

Abstract This paper describes the design and implementation of a 39 GHz 256-element hybrid active phased array antenna system with 16 individual digital transceivers, and its wireless multi-user, multi-input, multi-output verification. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2021 51st European Microwave Conference and was published in its Proceedings [1]. Using the prototype device, a single carrier transmission test assuming a mobile backhaul link and a MU-MIMO transmission test using a zero-forced orthogonal multi-beam based on channel reciprocity assuming an access link was performed. As a result, an EIRP of 43 dBm and a data rate of 5.5 Gbps in 1 GHz bandwidth single carrier 128QAM operation and an estimated total throughput of 2.4 Gbps by 3GPP TS38.214 [2] in 100 MHz bandwidth OFDM 8 MU-MIMO operation were achieved, respectively. As far as the author knows, this is the first demonstration for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) application that uses the 39 GHz band.