gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Forgotten Lactogenic Activity of Growth Hormone: Important Implications for Rodent Studies (2015)

Studies of the effects of GH and the mechanisms of its actions frequently use rats or mice and various recombinant human GH preparations. Authors of many of these studies appear unaware of the fact that, in rodents, human GH signals through both GH and prolactin (PRL) receptors; thus, treatment with human GH is equivalent to a combined treatment with GH and PRL. GH receptors and PRL receptors are present in multiple cell types. Importantly, PRL exerts major effects on brain neuroendocrine action, female and male reproduction, metabolism, body composition, immune responses, and a host of other functions; thus, treatment of rodents with recombinant human GH could affect these important physiological parameters.
Application of a general self-consistency scheme in the linear combination of atomic orbitals formalism to the electronic and structural properties of Si and W (1986)

We present a general self-consistency procedure formulated in momentum space for electronic structure and total-energy calculations of crystalline solids. It is shown that both the charge density and the change in the Hamiltonian matrix elements in each iteration can be calculated in a straight-forward fashion once a set of overlap matrices is computed. The present formulation has the merit of bringing the self-consistency problem for different basis sets to the same footing. The scheme is used to extend a first-principles pseudopotential linear combination of Gaussian orbitals method to full point-by-point self-consistency, without refitting of potentials. It is shown that the set of overlap matrices can be calculated very efficiently if we exploit the translational and space-group symmetries of the system under consideration. This scheme has been applied to study the structural and electronic properties of Si and W, prototypical systems of very different bonding properties. The results agree well with experiment and other calculations. The fully self-consistent results are compared with those obtained by a variational procedure [J. R. Chelikowsky and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. B 29, 3470 (1984)]. We find that the structural properties for bulk Si and W (both systems have no interatomic charge transfer) can be treated accurately by the variational procedure. However, full self-consistency is needed for an accurate description of the band energies.
Disorders Associated with Antibodies to Endothelial Cells (1989)

Antibodies that bind to endothelial cells have been identified in patients with diverse forms of vasculitis and thrombosis. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contain both complement-fixing antibodies and immune complexes that bind to cultured endothelial cells. Sera from patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis contain antibodies that react with heparin bound to the endothelium and cross-react with heparan sulfate synthesized by endothelial cells. Children with Kawasaki syndrome may develop cytolytic IgM antibodies that recognize surface antigens induced on endothelial cells by interferon-gamma, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor. The presence of alloantibodies to tissue-restricted polymorphic antigens expressed by endothelial cells is frequently associated with thrombotic microvascular injury and hyperacute allograft rejection. Binding of antibodies and immune complexes to endothelial cells in vitro initiates platelet adherence, production of tissue factor, and secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor. Antibody-mediated endothelial cell injury may play a role in other vascular disorders of unknown cause.
BREAKING DOWN THE BARRIERS TO THE BENEFICIAL REUSE OF DEPLETED URANIUM (1999)

The U.S. government has accumulated approximately 700,000 tons of depleted uranium. This is the result of over 50 years of enrichment operations that produced nuclear reactor fuel and material for nuclear weapons. This depleted uranium, sometimes called “enrichment tails, ” is stored as pure uranium hexafluoride in steel pressure vessels. The U. S. Department of Energy is actively considering strategies for its long-term management. Recent federal legislation (Public Law 105-204) directs the Department to include a request for almost $400 million in it its fiscal year 2000 budget. The funds are to be used to start construction of two depleted uranium hexafluoride conversion facilities. The legislation does not specify what the depleted uranium hexafluoride is to be converted to or the purpose of conversion. If the purpose is to prepare the material for disposal, $400 million is a minor part of the $3 billion to $4.5 billion required. On the other hand, conversion could instead prepare the enrichment tails for reuse by private industry. Sales of the conversion products would offset government costs for management of the material. In addition to this benefit, the feedstock would result in new
A 3.3 V, 21 Gb/s PRBS generator in AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology (2003)

We present a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator that outputs a 2/sup 7/-1 bit pattern at rates up to 21 Gb/s. The circuit is implemented in a 40 GHz GaAs HBT process, operates from a single 3.3 V power supply, and consumes only 1.1 W of power. The circuit advances the state of the art by demonstrating the feasibility of low-voltage/low-power design techniques in complex high-speed circuits, and results in the highest clock-speed-to-f/sub t/ ratio for a complex GaAs HBT logic circuit.
Discharge phenomena in low vacuum region of glass tube vacuum interrupter under AC applied voltage (2005)

In this paper, we experimentally investigated discharge phenomena inside vacuum interrupter at 1 to 20 Torr to simulate the vacuum leakage. We used glass type of vacuum interrupter where the internal pressure and the type of gasses can be varied according to requirement. The experiment is conducted under AC applied voltage and the experimental circuit is constructed to simulate the actual circuit used in cubical type insulated switchgear. We used two types of gases such as air and SF/sub 6/. The use of glass type vacuum interrupter allowed us to measure discharges occurring in vacuum interrupter optically. We measured and discussed the discharge occurring in both gases with a current transformer and ICCD camera. We also revealed that electromagnetic wave spectra emitted by the discharge have same frequency range for both gasses.
Autonomous following lateral control of heavy vehicles using laser scanning radar (2001)

Describes and compares some simple, easily applied solutions to the heavy vehicle autonomous following lateral control problem using a laser scanning radar unit. When mounted on the front of the following tractor, the sensor gives the relative displacement of the preceding trailer and the relative yaw between the following tractor and preceding trailer (although the ability to measure small relative yaw angles is quite limited). Given two vehicles within a platoon, there are two possible methods for interpolating a trajectory. One is linear and the other assumes constant curvature. Using these methods, the performance when tracking the preceding trailer with the following tractor's CG is compared to the case when the following tractor uses a measurement of the preceding tractor position as the reference. The results of simulations show the importance of using the same reference point on the preceding vehicle as the regulation point on the following vehicle.
Moving forward with actionable therapeutic targets and opportunities in endometrial cancer: NCI clinical trials planning meeting report on identifying key genes and molecular pathways for targeted endometrial cancer trials (2017)

The incidence and mortality rates from endometrial cancer are increasing. There have been no new drugs approved for the treatment of endometrial cancer in decades. The National Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee identified the integration of molecular and/or histologic stratification into endometrial cancer management as a top strategic priority. Based on this, they convened a group of experts to review the molecular data in this disease. Here we report on the actionable opportunities and therapeutic directions identified for incorporation into future clinical trials.
Echo‐Planar Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Deglutitive Vocal Fold Closure: Normal and Pathologic Patterns of Displacement (1996)

Abnormalities of vocal fold closure during deglutition predispose to aspiration due to impairment of airway protection. Conventional assessment of deglutitive vocal fold motion with laryngoscopy does not permit visualization through a complete adduction-abduction cycle. We determined spatiotemporal patterns of deglutitive vocal fold adduction through echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging in 15 normal volunteers and 6 patients with vocal fold paralysis. In normal volunteers, deglutitive vocal fold adduction was synchronized with laryngeal elevation, with complete vocal fold closure at the apex. Patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis demonstrated reduced elevation and medial movement of the involved vocal fold. At maximal laryngeal elevation the uninvolved vocal fold attained a position superior to the paralyzed fold, resulting in level differences and an interglottic gap. Patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis demonstrated reduced elevation and medial movement of both vocal folds. These findings indicate that normal and abnormal patterns of vocal fold displacement can be distinguished noninvasively through the use of echo-planar imaging.
Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System tutorial (1993)

This manual is the tutorial for the Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System (HSSDS), an online, comprehensive system of information on alternatives to hazardous solvents and related subjects. The HSSDS data base contains product information, material safety data sheets, toxicity reports, usage reports, biodegradable data, product chemical element lists, and background information on solvents. HSSDS use TOPIC{reg_sign} to search for information based on a query defined by the user. TOPIC provides a full text retrieval of unstructured source documents. In this tutorial, a series of lessons is provided that guides the user through basic steps common to most queries performed with HSSDS. Instructions are provided for both window-based and character-based applications.
RNAi-dependent H3K27 methylation is required for heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination in Tetrahymena (2007)

Methylated H3K27 is an important mark for Polycomb group (PcG) protein-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in multicellular eukaryotes. Here a Drosophila E(z) homolog, EZL1, is characterized in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila and is shown to be responsible for H3K27 methylation associated with developmentally regulated heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination. Importantly, Ezl1p-catalyzed H3K27 methylation occurs in an RNA interference (RNAi)-dependent manner. H3K27 methylation also regulates H3K9 methylation in these processes. Furthermore, an "effector" of programmed DNA elimination, the chromodomain protein Pdd1p, is shown to bind both K27- and K9-methylated H3. These studies provide a framework for an RNAi-dependent, Polycomb group protein-mediated heterochromatin formation pathway in Tetrahymena and underscore the connection between the two highly conserved machineries in eukaryotes.
Exploring awareness needs and information display preferences between coworkers (2009)

Technology makes it possible to share many different types of information with coworkers. We conducted a large-scale survey (N=549) to better understand current sharing among coworkers, how people stay aware of collocated and remote coworkers, and whether their willingness to share different types of awareness information changes based on the location in which the information is displayed. Contrary to our expectations, the display location did not greatly affect what respondents were willing to share. Our results also suggest considerations for researchers building situated displays, as respondents had concerns about unintended viewers and encouraging people to visit their personal space when they were not present.
A [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Route to Dimethylaminomethylene Vinamidinium Salts (2002)

[reaction: see text] Trifluoropropanoic acid reacts with 1 equiv of POCl3 in DMF to generate the trifluoromethyl enamine (7). At this stage, two reaction manifolds are available. The expected reaction with additional POCl3 generates the 2-trifluoromethyl vinamidinium salt (3c). However, thermally driven loss of fluoride generates an iminium ion, which sets the stage for a [2 + 2] cycloaddition to ultimately generate the dimethylaminomethylene vinamidinium salt (1).
Anisotropic deuterium NMR spin-lattice relaxation in L.alpha.-phase cerebroside bilayers (1989)

A series of 2H NMR inversion recovery experiments in the L alpha phase of the cerebroside N-palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine (NPGS) have been performed. In these liquid crystalline lipid bilayers we have observed substantial anisotropy in the spin-lattice relaxation of the CD2 groups in the acyl chains. The form and magnitude of the anisotropy varies with position in the chain, being positive in the upper region, decreasing to zero at the 4-position, and reversing sign at the lower chain positions. It is also shown that addition of cholesterol to the bilayer results in profound changes in the anisotropy. These observations are accounted for by a simple motional model of discrete hops among nine sites, which result from the coupling of two modes of motion--long-axis rotational diffusion and gauche-trans isomerization. This model is employed in quantitative simulations of the spectral line shapes and permits determination of site populations and motional rates. These results, plus preliminary results in sphingomyelin and lecithin bilayers, illustrate the utility of T1 anisotropy measurements as a probe of dynamics in L alpha-phase bilayers.
Challenges in Wide-area Structure-from-motion (2010)

The topic of this paper is wide area structure from motion. We first describe recent progress in obtaining large-scale 3D visual models from images. Our approach consists of a multi-stage processing pipeline, which can process a recorded video stream in real-time on standard PC hardware by leveraging the computational power of the graphics processor. The output of this pipeline is a detailed textured 3D model of the recorded area. The approach is demonstrated on video data recorded in Chapel Hill containing more than a million frames. While for these results GPS and inertial sensor data was used, we further explore the possibility to extract the necessary information for consistent 3D mapping over larger areas from images only. In particular, we discuss our recent work focusing on estimating the absolute scale of motion from images as well as finding intersections where the camera path crosses itself to effectively close loops in the mapping process. For this purpose we introduce viewpoint-invariant patches (VIP) as a new 3D feature that we extract from 3D models locally computed from the video sequence. These 3D features have important advantages with respect to traditional 2D SIFT features such as much stronger viewpoint-invariance, a relative pose hypothesis from a single match and a hierarchical matching scheme naturally robust to repetitive structures. In addition, we also briefly discuss some additional work related to absolute scale estimation and multi-camera calibration.
Update in Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease 2012 (2013)

In 2012, new publications in the Journal described both the predictive value of the new IFN-γ release assays for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB), but also provided evidence that these new tests cannot be interpreted simply as positive or negative, as initially hoped. Surgical masks can reduce transmission of TB infection, but other measures such as state-wide implementation of targeted testing and treatment of latent TB or active case finding require substantial and sustained effort to successfully reduce TB morbidity and mortality. A quasiexperimental study revealed that a package of social interventions could substantially reduce risk of TB disease in heavily exposed (and infected) children in the preantibiotic era. A study in a high-TB burden setting suggested that a new rapid drug-susceptibility test for TB may be more practical for implementation than traditional culture-based phenotypic tests. And two studies of TB vaccines revealed that currently used bacillus Calmette-Guérin strains vary in their ability to affect correlates of immunogenicity, whereas a new candidate vaccine, MVA85A, was safe and immunogenic in adults. Studies of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) described a rapid rise in the prevalence and spatial clustering of NTM in the United States over the past decade. Although risk factors for pulmonary NTM such as advanced age and low BMI are known, the mechanisms underlying infection and disease remain mysterious. Four studies of therapy of NTM disease highlighted the pressing need for well-designed international randomized controlled trials to improve our management of NTM disease.
Thermomechanical Characterization and Modeling of Ni60Ti40 SMA for Actuated Chevrons (2006)

This work describes the thermomechanical characterization and preliminary FEA modeling of commercial jet engine chevrons incorporating active Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) beam components. The SMA beams, when activated, induce the necessary bending forces on the chevron structure to deflect it into the fan flow and reduce noise. The primary focus of this work is the characterization of the SMA material (Ni60Ti40 wt%) chosen to actuate these chevrons and the preliminary modeling of the active chevron system behavior. To fully understand the material and calibrate the model, various thermomechanical experiments are performed on both untrained and trained standard SMA tensile specimens. Material properties for the shape memory alloy components are derived from this tensile experimentation. By using this data, a 3-D FEA implementation of a phenomenological SMA model is calibrated and used to analyze the response of a system motivated by the active chevron. The problem modeled consists of a pre-curved SMA beam clamped firmly against a straight aluminum substrate. The model proves to be an accurate tool for predicting the mechanical response of such a system subject to defined thermal inputs.
RETRACTED: GSK-3β-Targeting Fisetin Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae through β-Catenin Activation (2020)

Fisetin is found in many fruits and plants such as grapes and onions, and exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anticancer activity. However, whether fisetin regulates melanogenesis has been rarely studied. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of fisetin on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cell and zebrafish larvae. The current study revealed that fisetin slightly suppressed in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity; however, molecular docking data showed that fisetin did not directly bind to mushroom tyrosinase. Unexpectedly, fisetin significantly increased intracellular and extracellular melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells regardless of the presence or absence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). We also found that the expression of melanogenesis-related genes such as <i>tyrosinase</i> and <i>microphthalmia-associated transcription factor</i> (<i>MITF</i>), were highly increased 48 h after fisetin treatment. Pigmentation of zebrafish larvae by fisetin treatment also increased at the concentrations up to 200 µM and then slightly decreased at 400 µM, with no alteration in the heart rates. Molecular docking data also revealed that fisetin binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Therefore, we evaluated whether fisetin negatively regulated GSK-3β, which subsequently activates β-catenin, resulting in melanogenesis. As expected, fisetin increased the expression of β-catenin, which was subsequently translocated into the nucleus. In the functional assay, FH535, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, significantly inhibited fisetin-mediated melanogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Our data suggested that fisetin inhibits GSK-3β, which activates β-catenin, resulting in melanogenesis through the revitalization of MITF and tyrosinase.
Delivery of GalNAc-conjugated splice-switching ASOs to non-hepatic cells through ectopic expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor (2018)

Abstract Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising therapeutic tools to target various genetic diseases, including cancer. However, in vivo delivery of ASOs to orthotopic tumors in cancer mouse models or to certain target tissues remains challenging. A viable solution already in use is receptor-mediated uptake of ASOs via tissue-specific receptors. For example, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is exclusively expressed in hepatocytes. Triantennary GalNAc (GN3)-conjugated ASOs bind to the receptor and are efficiently internalized by endocytosis, enhancing ASO potency in the liver. Here we explore the use of GalNAc-mediated targeting to deliver therapeutic splice-switching ASOs to cancer cells that ectopically express ASGP-R, both in vitro and in tumor mouse models. We found that ectopic expression of the major isoform ASGP-R1 H1a is sufficient to promote uptake and increase GN3-ASO potency to various degrees in all tested cancer cells. We show that cell-type specific glycosylation of the receptor does not affect its activity. In vivo , GN3-conjugated ASOs specifically target subcutaneous xenograft tumors that ectopically express ASGP-R1, and modulate splicing significantly more strongly than unconjugated ASOs. Our work shows that GN3-targeting is a useful tool for proof-of-principle studies in orthotopic cancer models, until endogenous receptors are identified and exploited for efficiently targeting cancer cells.
Highly Efficient Zirconium-Catalyzed Batch Conversion of 1-Butene: A New Route to Jet Fuels (2008)

Quantitative conversion of 1-butene to a Schultz−Flory distribution of oligomers has been accomplished by use of Group 4 transition-metal catalysts in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO). The oligomerization reaction was carried out at ambient temperature in a sealed reaction vessel with complete conversion of 1-butene at catalyst turnover numbers of >17 000. The combination of high catalyst activity without concomitant production of high polymer led to a highly efficient production of new hydrocarbon jet fuel candidates. The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity; however, because achiral catalysts were used, several diastereoisomeric structures were produced and observed in the gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) chromatograms. The single and specific dimer formed in the reaction, 2-ethyl-1-hexene, was easily removed by distillation and then dimerized using acid catalysis to afford a mixture of mono-unsaturated C16 compounds. Changes in the oligomerization catalyst led to production of fuels with excellent cold-flow viscosity without the need for a high-temperature distillation. Thus, removal of the dimer followed by catalytic hydrogenation (PtO2) led to a 100% saturated hydrocarbon fuel with a density of 0.78 g/mL, a viscosity of 12.5 cSt at −20 °C (ASTM 445), and a calculated heat of combustion of 44+ MJ/kg. By back-addition of hydrogenated dimer in varying amounts (6.6, 11.5, and 17 wt %), it was possible to tailor the viscosity of the fuel (8.5, 7, and 6.5 cSt, respectively).