gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observing the cell in its native state: Imaging subcellular dynamics in multicellular organisms (2018)

True physiological imaging of subcellular dynamics requires studying cells within their parent organisms, where all the environmental cues that drive gene expression, and hence the phenotypes that we actually observe, are present. A complete understanding also requires volumetric imaging of the cell and its surroundings at high spatiotemporal resolution, without inducing undue stress on either. We combined lattice light-sheet microscopy with adaptive optics to achieve, across large multicellular volumes, noninvasive aberration-free imaging of subcellular processes, including endocytosis, organelle remodeling during mitosis, and the migration of axons, immune cells, and metastatic cancer cells in vivo. The technology reveals the phenotypic diversity within cells across different organisms and developmental stages and may offer insights into how cells harness their intrinsic variability to adapt to different physiological environments.
Properties and structural investigation of gallophosphate glasses by 71Ga and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and vibrational spectroscopies (2014)

Progressive addition of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to a vitreous NaPO<sub>3</sub> network results in the continuous replacement of 6-fold by 4-fold coordinated Ga<sup>3+</sup>, as quantified by NMR and vibrational spectroscopies and correlated with physical properties.
Osteoactivin acts as downstream mediator of BMP‐2 effects on osteoblast function (2006)

Our laboratory previously showed that osteoactivin (OA) is a novel, osteoblast-related glycoprotein that plays a role in osteoblast differentiation and function. The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of OA expression by BMP-2 and the role OA plays as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects in osteoblast function. Using primary osteoblast cultures, we tested different doses of BMP-2 on the regulation of OA expression during osteoblast development. To test whether Smad-1 signaling is responsible for BMP-2 regulation of OA expression, osteoblast cultures were transfected with Smad1 siRNA, treated with 50 ng/ml of BMP-2 and analyzed by Western blot. BMP-2 treatment increased OA mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner and this upregulation was blocked in Smad1 siRNA transfected cultures. We next examined whether the role of OA as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Osteoblast cultures were transfected with OA antisense oligonucleotides and treated with 50 ng/ml of BMP-2. Cultures transfected with OA antisense oligonucleotides and treated with BMP-2 showed a reduction of OA expression associated with a significant reduction in early and late differentiation markers induced by BMP-2. Therefore, OA acts, at least in part, as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Our findings suggest that BMP-2 regulates OA expression through the Smad1 signaling pathway. Our data also emphasize that OA protein acts as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast differentiation and function.
Abstract #3696: AZD8330 (ARRY-424704): Preclinical evaluation of a potent, selective MEK 1/2 inhibitor currently in phase I trials (2009)

The dual-specificity kinases MEK 1/2 play key roles in tumorgenesis by activating the serine/threonine kinases ERK 1/2. These kinases play critical roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. As such, inhibition of MEK 1/2 is an attractive mechanism for anti-cancer therapy and several small molecule inhibitors have entered human clinical trials, including AZD6244 (ARRY-142886). We have discovered AZD8330 (ARRY-424704), a novel, selective, highly efficacious, uncompetitive MEK 1/2 inhibitor with superior drug-like properties. In cell-free kinase assays, AZD8330 inhibits MEK with an IC50 of 7 nM, and has no inhibitory activity against over 200 other kinases at concentrations up to 10 \#956;M. AZD8330 demonstrates sub-nano molar potency in mechanistic (pERK) and low to sub-nano-molar potency in functional (proliferation) assays in MEK inhibitor sensitive cell lines. In a Calu-6 rat xenograft PK/PD model a single, 1.25 mg/kg oral dose of AZD8330 inhibits ERK phosphorylation by > 90% for between 4 and 8 hours. In pharmacokinetic studies, the high permeability, low predicted hepatic Cl and solubility of AZD8330 translates to high %F and long plasma half-life in rat and dog , 63 and 77% and 10 and 11 hours, respectively following oral administration. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of AZD8330 result in impressive efficacy at low doses in rodent models of cancer. Doses as low as 0.4 mg/kg once daily are sufficient for > 80% tumour growth inhibition in the Calu-6 nude rat xenograft model. Comparison of once and twice daily dosing schedules indicate similar efficacy for both. In multiple-dose toxicity studies, oral dosing of AZD8330 has an acceptable overall safety profile in the rat and the dog. AZD8330 is currently in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3696.
Characterization and compensation of nonlinearities in a continuous-time first-order &#x03A3;&#x0394; ADC (2010)

We present an approach for compensating nonlinearities in a continuous-time (CT) first-order sigma-delta converter (SDC) with one bit quantization. A reduction of an order of magnitude is obtained in the measured squared error when compared to the uncompensated SDC. Our results confirm a significant improvement in Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio (SINAD) for single tone input signals and in Spurius Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) for multi-tone inputs.
Improvement in NBTI of Metal Gate pMOSFETs with Sub-1nm EOT HfSiON Gate Dielectric by Ar/N2/H2(D2) Plasma Nitridation (2006)

In order to improve the NBTI of pMOSFETs with ultra-thin HfSiON gate dielectrics, a novel plasma nitridation process has been developed. Inclusion of hydrogen in the plasma nitridation ambient brings about an increased NBTI lifetime of about half an order of magnitude. The improvement is due to the suppression of bulk hole traps, presumably originating from the Hf-N bond. Hydrogen in the plasma ambient is thought to prevent the formation of additional Hf-N bonds during post- nitridation annealing.
Balloon-Expandable Common Iliac Artery Occluder Device for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (2001)

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a balloon-expandable Palmaz stent common iliac artery occluder device for endovascular stent-graft repair of aortoiliac aneurysms. Eighty-four patients (79 men, 5 women; age range 60-95 yr; mean age, 76 yr) with aortoiliac aneurysms underwent endovascular stent-graft repair. The repair consisted of a stent-graft extending from the abdominal aorta to the iliac or common femoral artery, a cross-femoral bypass graft, and an endovascular arterial occluder device within the contralateral common iliac artery. The occluder device consisted of a 5-cm segment of 6-mm diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft with a purse-string suture occluding the leading end and a Palmaz stent sutured to the trailing end. The occluder device was delivered through a 17F catheter via an arteriotomy. Eighty-three of the 84 patients received aortic endografts. In one case, infrarenal aortic rupture occurred during deployment of the aortic stent requiring conversion to an open surgical repair. Initial technical success for occluder device insertion was achieved in 78 of the remaining 83 patients. Failure to advance the occluder device delivery sheath through a diseased iliac artery occurred in one patient. Common iliac artery rupture occurred during balloon expansion and occluder device deployment in two patients. Two patients required additional coil embolization of the common iliac artery adjacent to the occluder device at the time of stent-graft insertion to correct incomplete iliac occlusion. Delayed occluder device-related complications included one patient with a postoperative iliac endoleak who required percutaneous coil embolization and one patient with a postoperative iliac endoleak in whom a contained aortic aneurysm rupture developed that was treated by surgical ligation of the common iliac artery. Use of the Palmaz stent-based iliac artery occluder device is an effective technique to induce common iliac artery thrombosis to facilitate endoluminal stent-graft aneurysm repair.
Guided-mode phonon-polaritons in suspended waveguides (2012)

We report on the characterization of two-dimensionally confined phonon-polaritons at terahertz frequencies in suspended waveguides using Raman scattering. The cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguides are commensurate with the wavelength of the phonon-polariton in forward scattering leading to Raman spectra that depend strongly on the physical size of the waveguide. We use finite element numerical computations to predict the polariton frequencies and find excellent agreement with measurements. Our observations and analysis advance the understanding of polariton propagation in guiding geometries and also have significant practical implications in integrated terahertz generation and stimulated Raman amplification.
First‐principles study on the effect of surface hydrogen coverage on the adsorption process of ammonia on InN(0001) surfaces (2011)

Abstract To examine the effect of hydrogen on the initial growth process of InN, the adsorption processes of group‐V sources commonly used in vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) were investigated using first‐principle calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The ideal and reconstructed surfaces with an adsorbed 0.75 monolayer of hydrogen were used as the initial surface structures to examine the influence of surface hydrogen coverage of InN(0001) surfaces on the adsorption processes of group‐V sources including NH 3 and NH 2 generated by the decomposition of NH 3 . From the calculations of the adsorption energies for each case, it was revealed that surface hydrogen coverage did not have an effect on the adsorption of NH 3 , whereas NH 2 was significantly affected by the presence of hydrogen on the surface. In comparison with our previous results, it was also shown that the adsorption energies for NH 3 and NH 2 on InN(0001) surfaces are smaller than those on GaN and AlN(0001) surfaces (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Confirmation of Molecular Markers and Agronomic Traits Associated with Seed Phytate Content in Two Soybean RIL Populations (2009)

The concentration of phytate is an important consideration when analyzing feed grain for livestock. Simple sequence repeat markers Satt237 and Satt561 were found to be linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for phytate concentration in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed. Previous research also established a significant correlation between seed inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and seed phytate. The objectives of this study were to confirm these QTL in independent environments and populations, to compare the effectiveness of marker‐assisted selection with that of phenotypic selection for low phytate, and to evaluate agronomic traits associated with low phytate soybean. The low phytate soybean mutant CX1834‐1‐2 was crossed with the cultivar 5601T and line S97‐1688 to form two populations. The Satt237 marker was linked to a major QTL ( R 2 &gt; 0.10) governing seed phytate, and Satt561 was linked to a minor QTL ( R 2 &lt; 0.10) in both populations. These two confirmed QTL have been named cqPha‐001 and cqPha‐002. The phenotypic correlations were significant ( P &lt; 0.05) for plant height ( r = 0.26), seed protein ( r = −0.19), and seed oil ( r = 0.17). Phenotypic selection was found to be more effective in lowering mean phytate levels and more cost efficient.
Regulatory effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the expression and function of lymphocyte adhesion receptors involved in IL-2-induced cell aggregation. (1993)

Human recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) was studied for its capacity to inhibit rIL-2-induced lymphoid cell aggregation. In contrast to rIL-2, rIL-4 was unable to induce cluster formation by itself. However, when added simultaneously with rIL-2 to cultures of freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), rIL-4 inhibited cell aggregation in a dose-dependent way. In contrast, PBL, preactivated by a 4-day culture in the presence of 500 U/ml rIL-2, were not inhibited in their adhesive capacity by rIL-4. Inhibition of cell aggregation was most prominent at 24 hr and virtually lost after 72 hr of culture. Phenotypical analysis revealed that rIL-4, with similar kinetics, decreased the rIL-2-mediated up-regulation of the CD2, CD54 and CD49e adhesion molecules. In addition, it was observed that up-regulation of the activation epitope on CD11a recognized by the mAb NKI-L16, was prevented. During 24hr of culture rIL-4 itself did not alter the expression of these antigens. Blocking experiments with mAb directed against adhesion structures did not reveal a direct role for CD49e, but obviously demonstrated involvement of CD11a/CD18-CD54 and CD2-CD58 interactions in the rIL-2-induced adhesion. Therefore, rIL-4 appears to inhibit the early phase of rIL-2-induced aggregation by preventing the up-regulation of CD54 and CD2 antigens and by inhibiting the generation of the activated state of the CD11a/CD18 receptor.
Characterization and Immortalization of Woodchuck Hepatocytes Isolated from Normal and Hepadnavirus-Infected Woodchucks (Marmota monax) (1994)

Primary woodchuck (Marmota monax) hepatocytes from normal woodchucks and woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection were cultured in either a conventional serum-containing medium or a serum-free medium. The de novo synthesis of the plasma proteins albumin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and complement C3 were identical under both conditions. However, expression of the WHV and the synthesis of nitric oxide were diminished under serum-free conditions. Primary woodchuck hepatocytes cultured in conventional, serum-containing medium were immortalized utilizing the simian virus 40 T antigen oncogene. Immortalized hepatic cell lines retained differentiated functions of nitric oxide synthesis and expression of complement C3. The woodchuck hepatocyte culture model will supplement current experimental methods, allowing investigation of hepadnaviral pathogenesis, including hepatocarcinogenesis in vitro.
Rising PSA during Testosterone Replacement Therapy. (2004)

Although testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is indicated for the management of symptomatic hypogonadism, there is still controversy over whether TRT should be administered to middle-aged men for the clinical manifestations of andropause, regardless of whether the serum testosterone levels are depressed or not. Side effects of TRT may include fluid retention, gynecomastia, polycythemia, and exacerbation of existing prostate cancer. As a result, patients on TRT require meticulous surveillance including regular digital rectal examination and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Herein, we present the case of a middle-aged man with andropause and a rising PSA on TRT.
Line-of-Sight MIMO via Reflection From a Smooth Surface (2022)

We provide a deterministic channel model for a scenario where wireless connectivity is established through a reflection from a planar smooth surface of an infinite extent. The developed model is rigorously built upon the physics of wave propagation, and is as precise as tight are the unboundedness and smoothness assumptions on the surface. This model allows establishing that line-of-sight spatial multiplexing can take place via reflection off an electrically large surface, a situation of high interest for mmWave and terahertz frequencies.
Partially Observed Differential Games, Infinite-Dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs Equations, and Nonlinear $H_\infty $ Control (1996)

This paper presents new results for partially observed nonlinear differential games. Using the concept of information state, we solve this problem in terms of an infinite-dimensional partial differential equation, which turns out to be the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation for partially observed differential games. We give definitions of smooth and viscosity solutions and prove that the value function is a viscosity solution of the HJI equation. We prove a verification theorem, which implies that the optimal controls are separated in that they depend on the observations through the information state. This constitutes a separation principle for partially observed differential games. We also present some new results concerning the certainty equivalence principle under certain standard assumptions. Our results are applied to a nonlinear output feedback $H_\infty $ robust control problem.
Photoinduced electron transfer from π-conjugated polymers onto Buckminsterfullerene, fulleroids, and methanofullerenes (1995)

We present near-steady-state photoinduced absorption (PIA), photoluminescence, and light-induced electron spin resonance (LESR) studies on photoinduced electron transfer reactions from poly(bis-2,5-epi-cholestanoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (BeCHA-PPV) as a donor to Buckminsterfullerene (C60) and a number of functionalized fullerenes as acceptors. We show that functionalized fullerenes with a solubilizing side chain linked to C60 in a [5,6] (fulleroid) or [6,6] (methanofullerene) fashion, are efficient electron acceptors towards BeCHA-PPV, as evidenced from changes in the PIA, the efficient quenching of the photoluminescence, and the LESR spectra of BeCHA-PPV cation and fullerene anion radicals. The increased miscibility of the functionalized fullerenes with the conjugated polymer as compared to C60, can be important for the preparation of future electrooptic devices, based on the photoinduced charge separation.
High-speed function approximation using a minimax quadratic interpolator (2005)

A table-based method for high-speed function approximation in single-precision floating-point format is presented in this paper. Our focus is the approximation of reciprocal, square root, square root reciprocal, exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions, powering (with a fixed exponent p), or special functions. The algorithm presented here combines table look-up, an enhanced minimax quadratic approximation, and an efficient evaluation of the second-degree polynomial (using a specialized squaring unit, redundant arithmetic, and multioperand addition). The execution times and area costs of an architecture implementing our method are estimated, showing the achievement of the fast execution times of linear approximation methods and the reduced area requirements of other second-degree interpolation algorithms. Moreover, the use of an enhanced minimax approximation which, through an iterative process, takes into account the effect of rounding the polynomial coefficients to a finite size allows for a further reduction in the size of the look-up tables to be used, making our method very suitable for the implementation of an elementary function generator in state-of-the-art DSPs or graphics processing units (GPUs).
Solving the Problem of Negative Synaptic Weights in Cortical Models (2008)

In cortical neural networks, connections from a given neuron are either inhibitory or excitatory but not both. This constraint is often ignored by theoreticians who build models of these systems. There is currently no general solution to the problem of converting such unrealistic network models into biologically plausible models that respect this constraint. We demonstrate a constructive transformation of models that solves this problem for both feedforward and dynamic recurrent networks. The resulting models give a close approximation to the original network functions and temporal dynamics of the system, and they are biologically plausible. More precisely, we identify a general form for the solution to this problem. As a result, we also describe how the precise solution for a given cortical network can be determined empirically.
Low temperature deposition of 2D WS2 layers from WF6 and H2S precursors: impact of reducing agents (2015)

We demonstrate the impact of reducing agents for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of WS2 from WF6 and H2S precursors. Nanocrystalline WS2 layers with a two-dimensional structure can be obtained at low deposition temperatures (300-450 °C) without using a template or anneal.
State-of-the-Art Graphene High-Frequency Electronics (2012)

High-performance graphene transistors for radio frequency applications have received much attention and significant progress has been achieved. However, devices based on large-area synthetic graphene, which have direct technological relevance, are still typically outperformed by those based on mechanically exfoliated graphene. Here, we report devices with intrinsic cutoff frequency above 300 GHz, based on both wafer-scale CVD grown graphene and epitaxial graphene on SiC, thus surpassing previous records on any graphene material. We also demonstrate devices with optimized architecture exhibiting voltage and power gains reaching 20 dB and a wafer-scale integrated graphene amplifier circuit with voltage amplification.
OC-192 transmitter and receiver in standard 0.18-μm CMOS (2002)

This paper presents the first fully integrated SONET OC-192 transmitter and receiver fabricated in a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The transmitter consists of an input data register, 16-b-wide first-in-first-out (FIFO) circuit, clock multiplier unit (CMU), and 16:1 multiplexer to give a 10-Gb/s serial output. The receiver integrates an input amplifier for 10-Gb/s data, clock and data recovery circuit (CDR), 1:16 demultiplexer, and drivers for low-voltage differential signal (LVDS) outputs. An on-chip LC-type voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is employed by both the transmitter and receiver. The chipset operates at multiple data rates (9.95-10.71 Gb/s) with functionality compatible with the multisource agreement (MSA) for 10-Gb transponders. Both chips demonstrate SONET-compliant jitter characteristics. The transmitter 10.66-GHz output clock jitter is 0.065 UI/sub pp/ (unit interval, peak-to-peak) over a 50-kHz-80-MHz bandwidth. The receiver jitter tolerance is more than 0.4 UI/sub pp/ at high frequencies (4-80 MHz). A high level of integration and low-power consumption is achieved by using a standard CMOS process. The transmitter and receiver dissipate a total power of 1.32 W at 1.8 V and are packaged in a plastic ball grid array with a footprint of 11/spl times/11 mm/sup 2/.
Design of multireflector resonant bandpass filters for guided wave optics (2001)

A design algorithm for ripple-free flat-top bandpass filters in optical waveguides containing N equally spaced, lossless mirrors is described. The algorithm assumes that the propagation phase shift /spl phi/ between centers of adjacent mirrors equals (m+1/2)/spl pi/ radians at resonance frequencies /spl nu//sub m/, with m an integer. The mirror reflectances R/sub j/, j=1,...,N, are chosen such that the transmittance T(/spl nu/) of the filter is 1 at the resonance frequencies, and terms in the power series expansion of T(/spl nu/) of order less than (/spl nu/-/spl nu//sub m/)/sup 2(N-1)/ are eliminated. This ensures that T(/spl nu/) approaches an ideal rectangular profile with increasing N, as illustrated by calculated transmittance spectra for N=2, 4 and 6. The dispersion of these multimirror etalons has also been explored. For the higher N values, it is found that the group refractive index is a minimum at the resonance frequencies, in contrast to the case N=2 for which the group index is a maximum at the resonances.
SCWT (2016)

The increasing number of smart objects in our everyday life shapes how we interact beyond the desktop. In this workshop we discuss how advanced interactions with smart objects in the context of the Internet-of-Thingsshould be designed from various perspectives, such as HCI and AI as well as industry and academia.