gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemia Induces Opposing Effects on Intrapulmonary and Extrapulmonary Host Defense through Divergent TLR Response Phenotypes (2010)

Dyslipidemia influences innate immune responses in the bloodstream, but whether and how pulmonary innate immunity is sensitive to circulating lipoproteins is largely unknown. To define whether dyslipidemia impacts responses to bacteria in the airspace and, if so, whether differently from its effects in other tissues, airspace, bloodstream, and i.p. responses to LPS and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated using murine models of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia reduced neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to the airspace in response to LPS and K. pneumoniae by impairing both chemokine induction in the airspace and PMN chemotaxis, thereby compromising pulmonary bacterial clearance. Paradoxically, bacteria were cleared more effectively from the bloodstream during dyslipidemia. This enhanced systemic response was due, at least in part, to basal circulating neutrophilia and basal TLR4/MyD88-dependent serum cytokine induction and enhanced serum cytokine responses to systemically administered TLR ligands. Dyslipidemia did not globally impair PMN transvascular trafficking to, and host defense within all loci, because neutrophilia, cytokine induction, and bacterial clearance were enhanced within the infected peritoneum. Peritoneal macrophages from dyslipidemic animals were primed for more robust TLR responses, reflecting increased lipid rafts and increased TLR4 expression, whereas macrophages from the airspace, in which cholesterol was maintained constant during dyslipidemia, had normal responses and rafts. Dyslipidemia thus imparts opposing effects upon intra- and extrapulmonary host defense by inducing tissue-divergent TLR response phenotypes and dysregulating airspace/blood compartmental levels of PMNs and cytokines. We propose that the airspace is a "privileged" site, thereby uniquely sensitive to dyslipidemia.
Pentanidium–Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Hydroxylation of Oxindoles Using Molecular Oxygen (2012)

Pentanidium-catalyzed α-hydroxylation of 3-substituted-2-oxindoles using molecular oxygen has been developed with good yields and enantioselectivities. This reaction does not require an additional reductant such as triethyl phosphite, which was typically added to reduce the peroxide intermediate. The reaction was demonstrated to consist of two-steps: an enantioselective formation of hydroperoxide oxindole and a kinetic resolution of the hydroperoxide oxindole via reduction with enolates generated from the oxindoles.
Degradation of nuclear plant temperature sensors (1987)

A program was established and initial tests were performed to evaluate long term performance of resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) of the type used in US nuclear power plants. The effort addressed the effect of aging on RTD calibration accuracy and response time. This Phase I effort included exposure of thirteen nuclear safety system grade RTD elements to simulated LWR temperatures. Full calibrations were performed initially and monthly, sensors were monitored and cross checked continuously during exposure, and response time tests were performed before and after exposure. Short term calibration drifts of as much as 1.8/sup 0/F (1/sup 0/C) were observed. Response times were essentially unaffected by this testing. This program shows that there is a sound reason for concern about the accuracy of temperature measurements in nuclear power plants. These limited tests should be expanded in a Phase II program to involve more sensors and longer exposures to simulated LWR conditions in order to obtain statistically significant data. This data is needed to establish meaningful testing or replacement intervals for safety system RTDs. An important corollary benefit from this expanded program will be a better definition of achievable accuracies in RTD calibration. This report concludes a six-month Phase I projectmore » performed for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under the SBIR program.« less
Site‐Specific pKa Determination of Selenocysteine Residues in Selenovasopressin by Using 77Se NMR Spectroscopy (2011)

Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid, is a component of a variety of proteins in all lineages of life, and the greater acidity of selenols compared to thiols provides Sec with unique chemical properties. By using 77Se NMR spectroscopy the pKa of Sec residues in a protein could be measured at atomic resolution. This information can be used to predict chemical reactions.
<title>Phase diverse wavefront estimation and image restoration with a magnification change between imaging channels</title> (2005)

Ideally phase diversity determines the object and wavefront that are consistent with two images taken identically except that the wavefront of the diversity channel is perturbed by a known additive aberration. In practice other differences may occur such as image rotation, magnification, changes in detector response, and non-common image motion. This paper develops a mathematical forward model for addressing magnification changes and a corresponding maximumlikelihood implementation of phase diversity. Performance using this physically correct forward model is compared with the more simple approach of resampling the data of the diversity channel.
Clinical Efficacy of a New Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Pratosartan, in Hypertensive Patients (2008)

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a new angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, pratosartan, in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, a multicenter, open-label study was conducted. A 2- to 4-week run-in period was followed by a 12-week core study with pratosartan monotherapy, or a combination of pratosartan with a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or diuretic. Patients took a daily dose of 40, 80, or 160 mg pratosartan, with titration at 4-week intervals. Patients who tolerated pratosartan at the end of a 12-week core study then participated in a 9-month follow-up period (i.e., long-term study). Responder rates by pratosartan were 82.1% in the monotherapy, 81.3% in the combination with CCB, and 60.0% in the combination with diuretic group at 12 weeks. Pratosartan was efficacious throughout the long-term study, without serious adverse effects. Pratosartan significantly decreased serum total cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia and uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia. In conclusion, pratosartan is an effective and well tolerated antihypertensive drug, and may have beneficial effects on hypertensive patients with some metabolic disorders.
Discovering the fullerenes (1997)

It is a thrill for me to be here today and to be the first of three speakers discussing the wonders of the fullerenes, an infinite new class of carbon molecules. My colleagues in this famous photograph (Fig. 1) are also thrilled to be here in Stockholm this week to see ‘‘Bucky get the Prize.’’ This picture was taken on September 11, 1985, the day before we sent off the manuscript describing the discovery of C60 to the editorial offices of Nature (Kroto, Heath, O’Brien, Curl, and Smalley, 1985) and only a few days after the discovery itself. Every one of the people in that photograph was critically involved in the discovery (with the exception of the one woman walking in the back—we still don’t know who that mystery woman was), so you can understand that there is also some sadness in our hearts today. While the chemistry prize this year is for the discovery of the fullerenes, it is given to individuals, and this individual honor can be shared by no more than three. The Nobel committee has done as well as they possibly can with this problem. We understand. But the sadness remains. On the other hand, there are positive aspects to the limit of three. For example, I have asked what happens in those years when there is only one person receiving an award in physics or chemistry. I was told that you just get one lecture for that prize. Now that I am beginning to appreciate the full impact of having a long lecture from each of the three winners this year in each of the two fields, physics and chemistry, all on the same day and in the same room, I can see that one must set limits somewhere. This discovery was one of the most spiritual experiences that any of us in the original team of five have ever experienced. The main message of my talk today is that this spiritual experience, this discovery of what Nature has in store for us with carbon, is still ongoing. So the title of my talk is not ‘‘The Discovery of the Fullerenes’’ but rather ‘‘Discovering the Fullerenes.’’ Fullerene researchers worldwide are still engaged in this process of discovery. The sense in which we are still in this process has to do with what the true essence of the 1985 fullerene discovery actually turned out to be. After all, the five people in that happy photograph (Fig. 1), brilliant as they all are, were not the ones who first conceived of the truncated icosahedron. That was done several thousand
Real-Time Evaluation of 26-GBaud PAM-4 Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection Systems for Data-Center Interconnects (2016)

Real-time transmission with 26-GBaud PAM-4 as a promising modulation format for data-center interconnects with operation in C-band is evaluated. For an OSNR penalty below 2 dB a dispersion tolerance of up to 10 km of SSMF is achieved.
Experimental Demonstration and Numerical Simulation of Organic-Aqueous Liquid Extraction Enhanced by Droplet Formation in a Microfluidic Channel (2006)

Organic-aqueous (phenol) liquid extraction is one of the commonly used DNA purification methods. Effective mass transfer of biological material between the discrete fluid phases is key to achieving efficient extraction when designing microfluidic devices based on this technique. In the microscale regime, mass transfer is often diffusion limited. However, mass transfer can be enhanced through the formation of discrete droplets within a microchannel, which leads to a recirculation flow pattern within the droplet. This recirculation increases the mass transfer rate of material to the organic-aqueous interface. In this study, an experimental and computational examination of sample extraction between the organic and aqueous phases through droplet formation is presented. The experiment is conducted within a converging dual inlet microfluidic channel fabricated in PDMS. By controlling the capillary number of the flow, different flow patterns are created in the channel. The flow patterns are examined using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The CFD model successfully simulates the flow behavior under a variety of flow conditions and provides a closer examination of the internal recirculation pattern within the droplet. The experimental sample extraction utilizes a fluorescent dye localization technique and shows that the droplet flow offers a significant improvement in the speed of sample extraction over diffusional mixing. A preliminary test demonstrates the feasibility of using the droplet formation for fast extraction with biological samples.
Two dimensional inorganic electride-promoted electron transfer efficiency in transfer hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes (2015)

A simple and highly efficient transfer hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes by using a two-dimensional electride, dicalcium nitride ([Ca<sub>2</sub>N]<sup>+</sup>·e<sup>-</sup>), as an electron transfer agent is disclosed. Excellent yields in the transformation are attributed to the remarkable electron transfer efficiency in the electride-mediated reactions. It is clarified that an effective discharge of electrons from the [Ca<sub>2</sub>N]<sup>+</sup>·e<sup>-</sup> electride in alcoholic solvents is achieved by the decomposition of the electride <i>via</i> alcoholysis and the generation of ammonia and Ca(O<sup>i</sup>Pr)<sub>2</sub>. We found that the choice of solvent was crucial for enhancing the electron transfer efficiency, and a maximum efficiency of 80% was achieved by using a DMF mixed isopropanol co-solvent system. This is the highest value reported to date among single electron transfer agents in the reduction of C-C multiple bonds. The observed reactivity and efficiency establish that electrides with a high density of anionic electrons can readily participate in the reduction of organic functional groups.
RHESUS RENAL ALLOGRAFTS CONTAIN NON-DESTRUCTIVE ACTIVATED LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATES FOLLOWING ANTI-CD154 THERAPY. (1999)

226 Anti-CD154 (hu5C8) mAb therapy has been successful at prolonging renal allograft survival >365 days in rhesus monkeys. We have examined renal allograft biopsies taken from non-rejecting hu5C8-treated recipients days 30, 120, and 220 post-transplant. Histologic examination (OCT/frozen section H&E) reveals that lymphocytes are present in the graft, frequently forming aggregates, without notable destruction of the normal renal architecture or invasion into the tubules or glomeruli. Additionally, there is no vasculitis, subintimal hyperplasia, or glomerular sclerosis. This is in contrast to the marked diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate, tubulitis, and hemorrhage seen in non-hu5C8 treated rejecting kidneys. Allograft biopsy specimens were frozen sectioned (6 μm) for immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid aggregates. These aggregates consist of CD3+ T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) and CD20+ B cells. Infiltrating cells appear activated, as they express MHC class II, and the costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86. The predominant focal lymphocyte appears to be CD4+, associated with an occasional CD83+ dendritic cell. CD8+ cells can be found both in the foci and scattered throughout the biopsy, representing the majority of infiltrating lymphocytes. This lymphocyte distribution is consistent at all time points, but the infiltrate appears to diminish overtime. Clinically, these kidneys have maintained normal function (creatinine ✄0.8 mg/dl) beyond 1 year post-transplant. Many recipients have been off hu5C8 therapy >6 months. Biopsies, to date, have given no indication of chronic rejection. Long-term biopsy samples (>365 days post-transplant) are currently being evaluated. Clearly, hu5C8 therapy does not prevent lymphocyte access to the graft, nor does it prevent CD80 or CD86 expression. Theses results suggest that the lymphocytes present in hu5C8 treated rhesus renal allograft play an active regulatory role in maintaining the graft without rejection episodes.
A New Route Cache Scheme in On-Demand Routing Protocols for MANET (2002)

Abstract—An on-demand routing protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is one that searches for and tries to discover a route to some destination node only when a sending node generates a data packet addressed to that node. In order to avoid the need for such a route discovery to be performed before each data packet is sent, such routing protocols must cache previously discovered routes. But the cache itself may contain stale information due to nodes mobility. To solve the problem, we propose a new route cache scheme to improve the performance of route cache for finding more accurate and faster route to the destination. Our study is based on the caching behavior in the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol, which is based entirely on on-demand behavior
Measurement of theCPAsymmetry inB+→K+μ+μ−Decays (2013)

A measurement of the CP asymmetry in B(+)→K(+)μ(+)μ(-) decays is presented using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1), recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measurement is performed in seven bins of μ(+)μ(-) invariant mass squared in the range 0.05<q2<22.00 GeV2/c4, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) resonance regions. Production and detection asymmetries are corrected for using the B(+)→J/ψK(+) decay as a control mode. Averaged over all the bins, the CP asymmetry is found to be A(CP)=0.000±0.033 (stat)±0.005 (syst)±0.007 (J/ψK), where the third uncertainty is due to the CP asymmetry of the control mode. This is consistent with the standard model prediction.
Single-pixel optical modulation analyzer based on phase retrieval for dual-polarization IQ modulators (2022)

In-service monitoring and adaptive digital compensation of analog imperfections in optical transponders are vital in the next-generation optical coherent transmission systems employing extremely high-order, high-speed modulation formats. A notable example of such analog impairments is the imbalance of amplitude, phase, and/or timing between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) tributaries in an optical IQ modulator, namely the IQ imbalance. Recently, an IQ-imbalance estimation technique based on phase retrieval without using a coherent receiver, the so-called single-pixel optical modulation analyzer (SP-OMA), has been proposed as an affordable in-service monitoring solution for the frequency-dependent IQ imbalance in a (single-polarization) IQ modulator. In this work, we extend the concept of the SP-OMA to dual-polarization IQ modulators. A novel phase retrieval algorithm with an alternating minimization procedure is proposed for identifying the frequency-dependent IQ imbalances on both polarization channels simultaneously from a single photodetector output. The validity and feasibility of the proposed SP-OMA for a dual-polarization IQ modulator are demonstrated numerically and experimentally with a 63.25-Gbaud DP-16QAM signal.
Search for extra dimensions using diphoton events in 7 TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector (2012)

Using data recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, a search for evidence of extra spatial dimensions has been performed through an analysis of the diphoton final state. The analysis uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.12 fb -1 of s = 7 TeV protonproton collisions. The diphoton invariant mass (m ) spectrum is observed to be in good agreement with the expected Standard Model background. In the large extra dimension scenario of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, the results provide 95% CL lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale between 2.27 and 3.53 TeV, depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used.
Bubbles generate unexpected stresses (1997)

Modern medicine is taking greater and greater advantage of the diverse capabilities of ultrasound. High-intensity ultra-sound in particular is a promising technique for treating various medical conditions, but we still do not fully understand how the ultrasound induces physical changes in body tissue. Some ingenious experiments by Guy Delacretaz and colleagues at Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne in Switzerland, and Northwestern University in Illinois, US, have provided important new insights into the problem (Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997 70 3510). They have studied the effect of ultrasound in a tissue-like gel, and have found some surprising results.
Post-Translational His-Cys Cross-Linkage Formation in Tyrosinase Induced by Copper(II)−Peroxo Species (2011)

Autocatalytic formation of His-Cys cross-linkage in the enzyme active site of tyrosinase from Aspergillus oryzae has been demonstrated to proceed by the treatment of apoenzyme with Cu(II) under aerobic conditions, where a (μ-η(2):η(2)-peroxo)dicopper(II) species has been suggested to be involved as a key reactive intermediate.
Construction of a Skill Evaluation System Based on database‐driven Approach for a Hydraulic Excavator (2021)

In industries, particularly the construction field, the number of workers is decreasing because of the falling number of young new hires and the increasing number of existing elderly workers. Therefore, it is important to improve the productivity of each worker at a construction site. At many construction sites, operation and decision‐making skills of construction machine operators are required, and work productivity depends on these skills of the operators. However, the number of elderly skilled operators is decreasing, and it is necessary to accurately train young unskilled operators to develop the aforementioned skills in order to improve productivity. Thus, a system that can quantitatively evaluate the operation skills of the operator is required. This study proposes a system that can quantitatively evaluate the operator's skills by using a database‐driven technique. The proposed method is applied to the swing operation of a hydraulic excavator. Furthermore, skill evaluation is carried out by multiple operators, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Alkali Free Glass for High Energy Density Capacitors. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
The adverse impact of the TCP congestion-control mechanism in heterogeneous computing systems (2002)

Via experimental study, we illustrate how TCP modulates application traffic in such a way as to adversely affect network performance in a heterogeneous computing system. Even when aggregate application traffic smooths out as more applications' traffic are multiplexed, TCP induces burstiness into the aggregate traffic load, and thus hurts network performance. This burstiness is particularly bad in TCP Reno, and even worse when RED gateways are employed. Based on the results of this experimental study, we then develop a stochastic model for TCP Reno to demonstrate how the burstiness in TCP Reno can be modeled.
First-principles calculations of N- and P-type doping in wurtzite and zincblende GaN (2021)

The formation energies, activation energies, and self-compensation effects of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), carbon (C), beryllium (Be), and magnesium (Mg) in wurtzite (wz-) and zincblende (zb-) GaN are explored through a unified hybrid density-functional theory. The common donors (Si and Ge) are promising donors for both wz- and zb-GaN due to small activation energies (&lt; 30 meV). The popular acceptor alternatives (C and Be) have smaller activation energies of 490 and 134 meV in zb-GaN relative to that of 590 and 205 meV wz-GaN, respectively. However, neither C nor Be is expected to outperform Mg as the former suffers from considerable activation energy, and a strong self-compensation effect limits the latter. Mg's activation energy in zb-GaN is 153 meV, which is lower than that of 226 meV in wz-GaN. For the selfcompensation effects, C, Si, and Ge favor the interstitial incorporation in wz-GaN than zb-GaN, while Be and Mg behave oppositely. This is attributed to the coherence between the orbital symmetry and the geometrical symmetry of the interstitial site.
Implementation of a three-qubit refined Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm using SFG quantum logic gates (2006)

In this paper we present a quantum logic circuit which can be used for the experimental demonstration of a three-qubit solid state quantum computer based on a recent proposal of optically driven quantum logic gates. In these gates, the entanglement of randomly placed electron spin qubits is manipulated by optical excitation of control electrons. The circuit we describe solves the Deutsch problem with an improved algorithm called the refined Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. We show that it is possible to select optical pulses that solve the Deutsch problem correctly, and do so without losing quantum information to the control electrons, even though the gate parameters vary substantially from one gate to another.
Using a Hybrid Cognitive Architecture to Model Children’s Errors in an Analogy Task (2014)

We model the performance of children on the Goswami and Brown (1990) analogy task, paying close attention to the distribution of errors children made on the task.This distribution follows a very particular pattern which, as we show, may be simulated by assuming a lack of development in the richness of children's concepts of physical causation.This modeling is done using the hybrid cognitive architecture CLARION, and a method of representing structured knowledge within CLAR-ION's dual-process system.