gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contributors (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The correlation between reading and mathematics ability at age twelve has a substantial genetic component (2014)

Dissecting how genetic and environmental influences impact on learning is helpful for maximizing numeracy and literacy. Here we show, using twin and genome-wide analysis, that there is a substantial genetic component to children's ability in reading and mathematics, and estimate that around one half of the observed correlation in these traits is due to shared genetic effects (so-called Generalist Genes). Thus, our results highlight the potential role of the learning environment in contributing to differences in a child's cognitive abilities at age twelve.
Temperature-tuned two-segment highly-nonlinear fiber with increased stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold (2023)

We apply temperature tuning to align zero-dispersion wavelengths of two fiber segments with different Brillouin frequencies. The resulting two-segment highly-nonlinear fiber exhibits 2.1- dB-increased stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold and flattened parametric gain.
Protocols for &#34;The draft genome assembly of the critically endangered Nyssa yunnanensis, a plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan Province, China&#34; v1 (2020)

Nyssa yunnanensis is a deciduous tree species in the family Nyssaceae within the order Cornales. As only eight individual trees and two populations have been recorded in China’s Yunnan province, this species has been listed among China’s national Class I protection species since 1999 and also among 120 PSESP (Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations) in the Implementation Plan of Rescuing and Conserving China’s Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP) (2011-2-15). We have assembled the draft genome assembly of N. yunnanensis. Using 10X Genomics linked-reads sequencing data, we carried out the de novo assembly and annotation analysis. The N. yunnanensis genome assembly is 1475 Mb in length, containing 288,519 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 length of 985.59 kb. Within the assembled genome, 799.51 Mb was identified as repetitive elements, accounting for 54.24% of the sequenced genome, and a total of 39,803 protein-coding genes were predicted. With the genomic characteristics of N. yunnanensis available, our study might facilitate future conservation biology studies to help protect this extremely threatened tree species. Protocols used include DNA-extraction, DNA Sequencing using the BGI-SEQ 500 (now known as DNBSEQ-G50) sequencer, and sequencing of 10X linked-reads.
IDENTIFYING THE RADIO BUBBLE NATURE OF THE MICROWAVE HAZE (2012)

Using 7-year data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe I identify a sharp "edge" in the microwave haze at high Galactic latitude (35 deg < |b| < 55 deg) that is spatially coincident with the edge of the "Fermi Haze/Bubbles". This finding proves conclusively that the edge in the gamma-rays is real (and not a processing artifact), demonstrates explicitly that the microwave haze and the gamma-ray bubbles are indeed the same structure observed at multiple wavelengths, and strongly supports the interpretation of the microwave haze as a separate component of Galactic synchrotron (likely generated by a transient event) as opposed to a simple variation of the spectral index of disk synchrotron. In addition, combining these data sets allows for the first determination of the magnetic field within a radio bubble using microwaves and gamma-rays by taking advantage of the fact that the inverse Compton gamma-rays are primarily generated by scattering of CMB photons at these latitudes, thus minimizing uncertainty in the target radiation field. Assuming uniform volume emissivity, I find that the magnetic field within our Galactic microwave/gamma-ray bubbles is ~5 muG above 6 kpc off of the Galactic plane.
The Inhalation Ad Hoc Advisory Panel for the USP Performance Tests of Inhalation Dosage Forms (2008)

* The Inhalation Ad Hoc Advisory Panel for the USP Performance Tests of Inhalation Dosage Forms ABSTRACT The US Pharmacopeia (USP) contains standards for tests, procedures, and acceptance criteria for inhalation dosage forms that are administered orally and intranasally. Product quality and performance tests are concerned primarily with the assessment of drug delivery and deposition in the respiratory tract. This Stimuli article evaluates the scientific rationale, if any, for in vitro dissolution tests for inhalation dosage forms. Studies that determine the profiles and kinetics of dissolution for inhaled therapeutics have been performed, but a literature review could not find compelling evidence suggesting that such dissolution testing is kinetically and/or clinically crucial for currently approved inhalation drug products. Even so, because of the possible development of novel inhalation products with modified or controlled dissolution and release, a USP standard for assessing dissolution of inhalation dosage forms may be considered in the future if scientifically warranted.
HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells Is Downregulated Upon Active Targeting by Antibody-Engineered Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Mice (2011)

Subcellular destiny of targeted nanoparticles in cancer cells within living organisms is still an open matter of debate. By in vivo and ex vivo experiments on tumor-bearing mice treated with antibody-engineered magnetofluorescent nanocrystals, in which we combined fluorescence imaging, magnetic relaxation, and trasmission electron microscopy approaches, we provide evidence that nanoparticles are effectively delivered to the tumor by active targeting. These nanocrystals were demonstrated to enable contrast enhancement of the tumor in magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, we were able to discriminate between the fate of the organic corona and the metallic core upon cell internalization. Accurate immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that hybrid nanoparticle endocytosis is mediated by the complex formation with HER2 receptor, leading to a substantial downregulation of HER2 protein expression on the cell surface. These results provide a direct insight into the pathway of internalization and degradation of targeted hybrid nanoparticles in cancer cells in vivo and suggest a potential application of this immunotheranostic nanoagent in neoadjuvant therapy of cancer.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggered‐Release in Deep Brain Regions Using Ultra‐photosensitive Nanovesicles (2020)

Remote and minimally-invasive modulation of biological systems with light has transformed modern biology and neuroscience. However, light absorption and scattering significantly prevents penetration to deep brain regions. Herein, we describe the use of gold-coated mechanoresponsive nanovesicles, which consist of liposomes made from the artificial phospholipid Rad-PC-Rad as a tool for the delivery of bioactive molecules into brain tissue. Near-infrared picosecond laser pulses activated the gold-coating on the surface of nanovesicles, creating nanomechanical stress and leading to near-complete vesicle cargo release in sub-seconds. Compared to natural phospholipid liposomes, the photo-release was possible at 40 times lower laser energy. This high photosensitivity enables photorelease of molecules down to a depth of 4 mm in mouse brain. This promising tool provides a versatile platform to optically release functional molecules to modulate brain circuits.
Percentage hematocrit variation (PHEVAR) index as a quality indicator of patient blood management in cardiac surgery. (2014)

The PHEVAR index reflects HCT variations during 7 days of hospital stay in cardiac surgery patients, is associated with mortality and morbidity, and may be used as a quality index for PBM.
Dynamic and adaptive policy models for coalition operations (2017)

It is envisioned that the success of future military operations depends on the better integration, organizationally and operationally, among allies, coalition members, inter-agency partners, and so forth. However, this leads to a challenging and complex environment where the heterogeneity and dynamism in the operating environment intertwines with the evolving situational factors that affect the decision-making life cycle of the war fighter. Therefore, the users in such environments need secure, accessible, and resilient information infrastructures where policy-based mechanisms adopt the behaviours of the systems to meet end user goals. By specifying and enforcing a policy based model and framework for operations and security which accommodates heterogeneous coalitions, high levels of agility can be enabled to allow rapid assembly and restructuring of system and information resources. However, current prevalent policy models (e.g., rule based event-condition-action model and its variants) are not sufficient to deal with the highly dynamic and plausibly non-deterministic nature of these environments. Therefore, to address the above challenges, in this paper, we present a new approach for policies which enables managed systems to take more autonomic decisions regarding their operations.
Propagation properties of PD-Emitted electromagnetic wave in three phase encapsulated type GIS with series arrangement and relation between defect position and sensor output (2022)

As partial discharge (PD) diagnostic for GIS, the UHF method to detect PD-emitted electromagnetic (EM) wave in the UHF band has been applied due to several advantages like sensitivity and safety as a non-contact method. So far, there were researches on the UHF method, it has not been clear for propagation properties of PD-emitted EM wave in the GIS, especially for the three-phase encapsulated type GIS due to the difficulty to evaluate influence of high voltage conductor arrangement like triangle or straight arrangement. In this paper, focusing on the straight type arrangement of the three-phase encapsulated type GIS, the authors investigated propagation properties of EM wave experimentally with a model tank and simulated PD signal and numerically with FD-TD analysis, and then compared both results. As a result, good agreement on the amplitude of detected signal between them was found, so further discussion was performed using the FD-TD analysis with changing the defect position. The simulation results showed that amplitude of the sensor output depends on the defect position, which means that one can identify the defect position based on the relation of the sensor output among the sensors.
Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride. (2004)

Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), ech42, nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305.2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants. More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations (for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations) were obtained. The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, while the exochitinase-encoding gene, nag70, had lesser effect. The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance. Nevertheless, exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics. Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78. A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease. Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level. This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice.
Thin film edge emitting lasers integrated onto silicon (2010)

The integration of thin film edge emitting lasers onto silicon enables the realization of planar photonic structures for interconnection and for miniaturized optical systems that can be integrated in their entirety at the chip scale. These thin film emitters are compound semiconductor lasers that are optimized for operation without the growth substrate. Removal of the laser growth substrate, coupled with bonding to the silicon host substrate, enable the integration of high quality edge emitting lasers with silicon. This paper explores the challenges, approaches, fabrication processes, and progress in the integration of thin film edge emitting lasers integrated onto silicon.
CD4+T Cells: Guardians of the Phagosome (2014)

CD4(+) T cells are key cells of the adaptive immune system that use T cell antigen receptors to recognize peptides that are generated in endosomes or phagosomes and displayed on the host cell surface bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules. These T cells participate in immune responses that protect hosts from microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Leishmania major, and Salmonella enterica, which have evolved to live in the phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we review studies indicating that CD4(+) T cells control phagosomal infections asymptomatically in most individuals by secreting cytokines that activate the microbicidal activities of infected phagocytes but in a way that inhibits the pathogen but does not eliminate it. Indeed, we make the case that localized, controlled, persistent infection is necessary to maintain large numbers of CD4(+) effector T cells in a state of activation needed to eradicate systemic and more pathogenic forms of the infection. Finally, we posit that current vaccines for phagosomal infections fail because they do not produce this "periodic reminder" form of CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune control.
Single-longitudinal-mode operation of a grating-based fiber-ring laser using self-injection feedback (2000)

A fiber Bragg grating- (FBG-) based fiber-ring laser that utilizes the transmitted light of the FBG as self-injection feedback for single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) oscillation is proposed and demonstrated. This laser is simply constructed by means of feeding back the transmitted light of the FBG and is coupled into the main ring cavity through an optical coupler. The self-injection feedback is the key to ensuring SLM laser oscillation. The SLM operation principle is discussed in detail, and a SLM laser with output power of 6.6 dBm, an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 57 dB at 1549.19 nm, and a short-term linewidth of 3.5 kHz is reported.
Role of Inflammatory Cell Subtypes in Heart Failure (2019)

Inflammation is a well-known feature of heart failure. Studies have shown that while some inflammation is required for repair during injury and is protective, prolonged inflammation leads to myocardial remodeling and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. Various types of immune cells are implicated in myocardial inflammation and include neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. Recent clinical trials have targeted inflammatory cascades as therapy for heart failure with limited success. A better understanding of the temporal course of the infiltration of the different immune cells and their contribution to the inflammatory process may improve the success for therapy. This brief review outlines the major cell types involved in heart failure, and some of their actions are summarized in the supplementary figure.
Data from Cancer-Specific Production of N-Acetylaspartate via NAT8L Overexpression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Potential as a Circulating Biomarker (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In order to identify new cancer-associated metabolites that may be useful for early detection of lung cancer, we performed a global metabolite profiling of a non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line and immortalized normal lung epithelial cells from the same patient. Among several metabolites with significant cancer/normal differences, we identified a unique metabolic compound, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), in cancer cells—undetectable in normal lung epithelium. NAA's cancer-specific detection was validated in additional cancer and control lung cells as well as selected NSCLC patient tumors and control tissues. NAA's cancer specificity was further supported in our analysis of NAA synthetase (gene symbol: &lt;i&gt;NAT8L&lt;/i&gt;) gene expression levels in The Cancer Genome Atlas: elevated &lt;i&gt;NAT8L&lt;/i&gt; expression in approximately 40% of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cases (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 577), with minimal expression in all nonmalignant lung tissues (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 74). We then showed that NAT8L is functionally involved in NAA production of NSCLC cells through siRNA-mediated suppression of NAT8L, which caused selective reduction of intracellular and secreted NAA. Our cell culture experiments also indicated that NAA biosynthesis in NSCLC cells depends on glutamine availability. For preliminary evaluation of NAA's clinical potential as a circulating biomarker, we developed a sensitive NAA blood assay and found that NAA blood levels were elevated in 46% of NSCLC patients (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 13) in comparison with age-matched healthy controls (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 21) among individuals aged 55 years or younger. Taken together, these results indicate that NAA is produced specifically in NSCLC tumors through NAT8L overexpression, and its extracellular secretion can be detected in blood. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 9(1); 43–52. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Same-Day Versus Non-Simultaneous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction (2020)

Same-day ECMO support for IHCA was associated with higher in-hospital mortality compared to those receiving non-simultaneous ECMO support. Though ECMO-assisted CPR is being increasingly used, careful candidate selection is key to improving outcomes in this population.
RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE TREATMENT AND SURVIVAL OF LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE TREATMENT AND SURVIVAL OF LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS William T Lowrance, James A Eastham, David S Yee, Lindsay M Jacks, Peter T Scardino, and Elena B Elkin William T LowranceWilliam T Lowrance , James A EasthamJames A Eastham , David S YeeDavid S Yee , Lindsay M JacksLindsay M Jacks , Peter T ScardinoPeter T Scardino , and Elena B ElkinElena B Elkin View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60089-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE TREATMENT AND SURVIVAL OF LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), pp. 27–28 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 27-28 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information William T Lowrance More articles by this author James A Eastham More articles by this author David S Yee More articles by this author Lindsay M Jacks More articles by this author Peter T Scardino More articles by this author Elena B Elkin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
mGluR7's lucky number (2006)

Gprotein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most successful class of drug targets to date (1). Almost half of the 500 molecular targets for currently used therapeutic agents are cell surface receptors, and the majority of these belong to the GPCR superfamilies. Of the GPCRs, one of the most important classes in the central nervous system is the metabotropic glutamate receptor family (mGluRs) (see ref. 2 for review). Glutamate is the neurotransmitter at the vast majority of excitatory synapses in the brain, and mGluRs provide a mechanism by which glutamate can modulate or fine tune activity at the same synapses at which it elicits fast synaptic responses through activation of ligand-gated cation channels. Because of the ubiquitous distribution of glutamatergic synapses, mGluRs participate in a wide variety of functions of the CNS (3). However, developing highly selective agonists for specific mGluR subtypes has been exceedingly difficult, likely because of the high conservation of the glutamate-binding site across members of this receptor family and the restricted structural requirements for pharmacophores that occupy this binding pocket. In a recent issue of PNAS, Mitsukawa et al. (4) report an exciting advance in the field by identifying the first highly selective agonist for an mGluR subtype termed mGluR7, a receptor that has long been postulated to be among the most important members of this family in regulating CNS function.

### mGluR7 Gets a Hit

The compound described by Mitsukawa et al. (4), called AMN082, was identified by using a random high-throughput screen (HTS) of a library of small drug-like molecules in search of novel compounds that activate this receptor. From this screen and subsequent experiments, AMN082 emerged as a highly selective and potent agonist of mGluR7. In addition to providing the first selective ligand for this important receptor subtype, AMN082 acts by a unique mechanism of action, fully activating mGluR7 through …
Photographic investigation of formative stage of electric breakdown in diverging fields (1981)

A photographic investigation of luminescence in point-plane specimens of solid dielectric is described. Tests were performed with impulse voltages of both polarities on specimens having ratios of thickness t to pin radius r extending from 20 to 250. When t/r 100, treeing occurred. Light emitted during the inital period of tree development proved to be extremely faint and of short duration, and was recorded using a specially sensitive technique. When (t/r) 100, luminescence was observed initially at the point electrode and led to the formation of a tree-like structure of microcracks extending into the dielectric from a microscopic tubule at the tip of the point. With the application of many impulses the cracks developed into channels capable of supporting gas discharges, the presence of which marked the establishment of a conventional electrical tree.
Numerical simulation of ion transport in an atmosphere-to-vacuum interface taking into account gas dynamics and space charge (2017)

A two-step approach was developed for the study of ion transport in an atmospheric pressure interface. In the first step, the flow in the interface was numerically simulated using the standard gas dynamic package ANSYS CFX 15.0. In the second step, the calculated fields of pressure, temperature, and velocity were imported into a custom-built software application for simulation of ion motion under the influence of both gas dynamic and electrostatic forces. To account for space charge effects in axially symmetric interfaces an analytical expression was used for the Coulomb force. For all other types of interfaces, an iterative approach for the Coulomb force computation was developed. The simulations show that the influence of the space charge is the main contributor to the loss of ion current in the heated capillary. In addition, the maximum ion current which can be transmitted through the heated capillary (0.58 mm inner diameter and 58.5 mm length) is limited to ∼6 nA for ions with m/z = 508 Da and with reduced ion mobility 1.05 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. This limit remains practically constant and independent of the ion current at the entrance of the capillary. For a particular ion type, this limit depends on its m/z ratio and ion mobility.