gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical predictions of oxygen availability in micro‐ and macro‐encapsulated human and porcine pancreatic islets (2019)

Optimal function of immunoisolated islets requires adequate supply of oxygen to metabolically active insulin producing beta-cells. Using mathematical modeling, we investigated the influence of the pO<sub>2</sub> on islet insulin secretory capacity and evaluated conditions that could lead to the development of tissue anoxia, modeled for a 300 μm islet in a 500 μm microcapsule or a 500 μm planar, slab-shaped macrocapsule. The pO<sub>2</sub> was used to assess the part of islets that contributed to insulin secretion. Assuming a 500 μm macrocapsule with a 300 μm islet, with oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of 100-300 nmol min<sup>-1</sup> mg<sup>-1</sup> DNA, islets did not develop any necrotic core. The nonfunctional zone (with no insulin secretion if pO<sub>2</sub> < 0.1 mmHg) was 0.3% for human islets (OCR ~100 nmol/min/mg DNA) and 35% for porcine islets (OCR ~300 nmol/min/mg DNA). The OCR of the islet preparation is profoundly affected by islet size, with optimal size of <250 μm in diameter (human) or <150 μm (porcine). Our data suggest that microcapsules afford superior oxygen delivery to encapsulated islets than macrocapsules, and optimal islet function can be achieved by encapsulating multiple, small (<150 μm) islets with OCR of ~100 nmol min<sup>-1</sup> mg<sup>-1</sup> DNA (human islets) or ~200 nmol min<sup>-1</sup> mg<sup>-1</sup> DNA (porcine islets).
A Novel Web-Oriented Writing Environment Using Objects' Facts Acquired from the Web (2007)

This paper presents a novel web-oriented writing environment that helps users describe their opinions on topics/events through weblogs, by showing facts related to the objects. Our writing environment automatically recognizes information needs for facts on aspects (e.g., opening hours'') of the objects (e.g., J's cafe'') by applying lexico-syntactic patterns to the snapshots of users' writings. It then attempts to extract facts that satisfy the information needs from the Web, and shows the extracted facts (e.g., opening hours''-10am-8:30pm'') to the users. The users can thus refer to necessary facts without searching the web by themselves. We realized this environment for Japanese on a browser with AJAX, and evaluated how much useful information could be provided by our environment.
Testing Database-Centric Applications for Causes of Database Deadlocks (2013)

Many organizations deploy applications that use databases by sending Structured Query Language (SQL) statements to them and obtaining data that result from executions of these statements. Since applications often share the same databases concurrently, database deadlocks routinely occur in these databases. Testing applications to determine how they cause database deadlocks is important as part of ensuring correctness, reliability, and performance of these applications. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to reproduce database deadlocks, since it involves different factors such as the precise interleavings in executing SQL statements. We created a novel approach for Systematic TEsting in Presence of DAtabase Deadlocks (STEPDAD) that enables testers to instantiate database deadlocks in applications with a high level of automation and frequency. We implemented STEPDAD and experimented with three applications. On average, STEPDAD detected a number of database deadlocks exceeding the deadlocks obtained with the baseline approach by more than an order of magnitude. In some cases, STEPDAD reproduced a database deadlock after running an application only twice, while no database deadlocks could be obtained after ten runs using the baseline approach.
Protonation constants of aromatic hydrazones (2015)

The protonation constants of aroylhydrazones derived from nicotinic acid hydrazide (Figure 1) were determined in methanol/water 1/1 mixture at 25 °C and ionic strength 0.1 mol dm– 3 (NaCl). Aroylhydrazones were prepared according to the procedures described elsewhere [1]. Considering the fact that aroylhydrazones hydrolyse in water-containing solvents, batch spectrophotometric titrations were carried out. All UV-Vis spectra were recorded within first 3 min following the preparation of solutions. To provide more accurate assignation of the pK values for aromatic hydrazones, comparison with the protonation constants of starting compounds, which were also determined in this work, was made. The pK values assigned to the protonation of amide nitrogen were in the range from 10.5 to 12.9, whereas those corresponding to the ortho-hydroxyl group ranged from 6.4 to 8.9. Constants corresponding to the protonation of pyridine nitrogen (which takes place at pH ≤ 2) could not be determined due to the rather fast hydrolysis.
A CMOS rotary encoder using magnetic sensor arrays (2005)

A new type of small magnetic rotary encoder is presented. The device detects the magnetic field of a permanent magnet attached to the end of the rotating shaft using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) magnetic sensors [magnetic field effect transistor (MAGFET) arrays] set in a square arrangement. The sensor array is integrated onto a CMOS chip along with angle-detection circuits, leading to the realization of a compact, cost-effective rotary encoder. A prototype sensor chip with dimensions of 4.3/spl times/4.3 mm/sup 2/ is shown to provide error as low as 3.5/spl deg/ without offset calibration and 0.36/spl deg/ with offset calibration, based on an angle calculation method with mean square estimation. This result shows that the CMOS rotary encoder can achieve resolution of 10 bits/rotation at the cost of calibration.
Discs large 1 controls daughter-cell polarity after cytokinesis in vertebrate morphogenesis (2018)

Vertebrate embryogenesis and organogenesis are driven by cell biological processes, ranging from mitosis and migration to changes in cell size and polarity, but their control and causal relationships are not fully defined. Here, we use the developing limb skeleton to better define the relationships between mitosis and cell polarity. We combine protein-tagging and -perturbation reagents with advanced in vivo imaging to assess the role of Discs large 1 (Dlg1), a membrane-associated scaffolding protein, in mediating the spatiotemporal relationship between cytokinesis and cell polarity. Our results reveal that Dlg1 is enriched at the midbody during cytokinesis and that its multimerization is essential for the normal polarity of daughter cells. Defects in this process alter tissue dimensions without impacting other cellular processes. Our results extend the conventional view that division orientation is established at metaphase and anaphase and suggest that multiple mechanisms act at distinct phases of the cell cycle to transmit cell polarity. The approach employed can be used in other systems, as it offers a robust means to follow and to eliminate protein function and extends the Phasor approach for studying in vivo protein interactions by frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) to organotypic explant culture.
Interactive Digital Photomontage (2023)

We describe an interactive, computer-assisted framework for combining parts of a set of photographs into a single composite picture, a process we call "digital photomontage." Our framework makes use of two techniques primarily: graph-cut optimization, to choose good seams within the constituent images so that they can be combined as seamlessly as possible; and gradient-domain fusion, a process based on Poisson equations, to further reduce any remaining visible artifacts in the composite. Also central to the framework is a suite of interactive tools that allow the user to specify a variety of high-level image objectives, either globally across the image, or locally through a painting-style interface. Image objectives are applied independently at each pixel location and generally involve a function of the pixel values (such as "maximum contrast") drawn from that same location in the set of source images. Typically, a user applies a series of image objectives iteratively in order to create a finished composite. The power of this framework lies in its generality; we show how it can be used for a wide variety of applications, including "selective composites" (for instance, group photos in which everyone looks their best), relighting, extended depth of field, panoramic stitching, clean-plate production, stroboscopic visualization of movement, and time-lapse mosaics.
Interaction techniques with virtual humans in mixed environments (2005)

Homogenous virtual environments evolved into mixed environments thanks to recent augmented reality techniques. We have done research on novel interaction techniques in virtual environments exploiting the usage of 3D virtual space. We will briefly present our augmented reality set-up for mixed reality experiments and we will analyze two distinct mixed environment case studies, and present two new interaction techniques where we use virtual humans as mediators between the real and virtual world.
A New Generation of Nickel−dmit-Based Molecular Conductors Based on Fully Conjugated Bimetallic Complexes (1997)

We report the synthesis of a new completely planar, extensively conjugated bimetallic Ni(II) complex for the construction of new molecular metals. The complex, (Bu4N)2{tto[Ni(dmit)]2} (1), with 14 sulfur atoms in the periphery, has Ni(II) metal centers bridged by the tetrathiooxalate (tto) ligand and capped with dmit (dmit = C3S52- = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato) ligands. This is the first completely planar complex with tto bridging Ni(II) metal centers. Reaction of 1 with (TTF)3(BF4)2 forms a conducting material with a high pressed-pellet conductivity of 0.4 S/cm.
Immune Modulatory Oligonucleotides in the Prevention and Treatment of OVA‐Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Rats (2007)

IMO via transtympanic application can prevent and treat allergy-induced eustachian tube dysfunction in rats. IMO may offer substantial promise in the future management of OME.
Comparison of the binding of trimethoprim and trimethoprim analogues to bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (1981)

In the crystal structure of 8
Experimentelle Studie über den Einfluss verschiedener Stapes-Piston-Prothesenparameter auf die Schallübertragung anhand eines Innenohrmodells (2019)

Seit Durchführung der ersten Stapesplastik im Jahre 1956 stellt sich die Frage nach dem optimalen Durchmesser der Pistonprothese. Eine Vielzahl v.a. retrospektiver klinischer Studien kam zu teils widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen, die zudem nicht zuverlässig im Einklang mit Simulationsresultaten stehen.
Doubly robust inference for targeted minimum loss–based estimation in randomized trials with missing outcome data (2017)

Missing outcome data is a crucial threat to the validity of treatment effect estimates from randomized trials. The outcome distributions of participants with missing and observed data are often different, which increases bias. Causal inference methods may aid in reducing the bias and improving efficiency by incorporating baseline variables into the analysis. In particular, doubly robust estimators incorporate 2 nuisance parameters: the outcome regression and the missingness mechanism (ie, the probability of missingness conditional on treatment assignment and baseline variables), to adjust for differences in the observed and unobserved groups that can be explained by observed covariates. To consistently estimate the treatment effect, one of these nuisance parameters must be consistently estimated. Traditionally, nuisance parameters are estimated using parametric models, which often precludes consistency, particularly in moderate to high dimensions. Recent research on missing data has focused on data-adaptive estimation to help achieve consistency, but the large sample properties of such methods are poorly understood. In this article, we discuss a doubly robust estimator that is consistent and asymptotically normal under data-adaptive estimation of the nuisance parameters. We provide a formula for an asymptotically exact confidence interval under minimal assumptions. We show that our proposed estimator has smaller finite-sample bias compared to standard doubly robust estimators. We present a simulation study demonstrating the enhanced performance of our estimators in terms of bias, efficiency, and coverage of the confidence intervals. We present the results of an illustrative example: a randomized, double-blind phase 2/3 trial of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected persons.
Incidence, risk factors and prediction of post-operative acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery for active infective endocarditis: an observational study (2013)

Post-operative AKI following cardiopulmonary bypass for IE results from additive hits to the kidney. We identified several potentially modifiable risk factors such as treatment with vancomycin or aminoglycosides or pre-operative anemia.
Surgical Targeting and Focal Implantation of Gene Therapy for Global Neurological Disease: Operative Technique and Nuances (2006)

Gene therapy for neurological diseases is currently under transition from bench to bedside. Only one previous human trial has attempted gene therapy for a global neurogenetic disorder. The requirements for global delivery present unique neurosurgical challenges, which differ from those seen in previous single-site infusion studies. Nine patients with Batten's disease underwent focal infusion of an AAV2 vector containing a normal copy of the ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 2 gene through 12 injections (two/injection site) in the cerebral cortex. Operative technique was studied to assess efficiency. Patients were studied with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans to evaluate vector delivery. The degree of cerebral atrophy was substantial compared with normal patients at this age. Frameless stereotaxy was used for trajectory planning and burr hole placement to avoid delivery into the subarachnoid space. This accurately predicted gyral locations in nearly all burr holes. Twenty-gauge spinal needles used as guide tubes for borosilicate infusion catheters...
Energy-Efficient Virtual Radio Access Networks for Multi-Operators Cooperative Cellular Networks (2019)

5G networks will be characterized by massive densification of base stations (BSs). To minimize the network power consumption due to the increased BS deployment, we leverage emerging paradigms to propose BS energy-saving strategies applicable to 5G networks. We explore the potentials of virtualized radio access and core networks to enable spectrum sharing among mobile network operators (MNOs) by harnessing inter-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation. We propose the sleep-mode with efficient beamformers and spectrum-sharing (SEBS) strategy, which minimizes BS power consumption of cooperative MNOs. The licensed bandwidth of each MNO is partitioned into private and shared bands to provision active BSs with sufficient spectrum resources for serving all UEs. Moreover, an optimization problem is formulated to obtain the optimal intra- and inter-RAN beamforming vectors for efficient BS transmission power and improved user signal reception. Numerical simulations show that the proposed strategies yield significant reductions of total power consumption as compared to other schemes. We present different bandwidth sharing ratio formulations to motivate the cooperation among MNOs by the spectrum-user support trading. We also show that the trading does not always yield a higher spectral efficiency in the cooperative cellular network.
Approximation to Distribution of Product of Random Variables Using Orthogonal Polynomials for Lognormal Density (2012)

We derive a closed-form expression for the orthogonal polynomials associated with the general lognormal density. The result can be utilized to construct easily computable approximations for probability density function of a product of random variables, when the considered variates are either independent or correlated. As an example, we have calculated the approximative distribution for the product of Nakagami-m variables. Simulations indicate that accuracy of the proposed approximation is good with small cross-correlations under light fading condition.
Spreading of Corrosion on Stainless Steel (2006)

In situ observations of pitting corrosion as it spreads across the surface of stainless steel were carried out. We apply two different imaging methods simultaneously, viz., ellipsomicroscopy for visualizing changes of surface film properties and contrast-enhanced microscopy for monitoring nucleation and reactivation of metastable corrosion pits. A correlation between oxide film weakening caused by individual pits and the nucleation of subsequent pits was found. The existence of front propagation as a component of the transition to pitting corrosion shows that characteristics of this process are consistent with the behavior of stochastic reaction-diffusion systems and that the onset of corrosion is a cooperative critical effect.
Rebuilding Caribbean Environmental Health Post-Crisis Programs: Case Study for Virtual Mentorship (2022)

Abstract After the U.S. Caribbean 2017 hurricanes, rebuilding, strengthening, and sustaining essential environmental health (EH) services and systems were critical. The National Environmental Health Association, in partnership with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed an online mentorship program for both newly hired and existing environmental health staff, as well as health department leadership in the Caribbean health departments. Participants were provided both practical and didactic learning and were given the opportunity to evaluate the program. Both mentors and mentees were highly satisfied with the knowledge and skills acquired, and mentees expressed it was relevant to their daily work. Based on the findings, we recommend both an online and a hybrid mentorship program be considered for leadership- and inspector-level workforces in EH and potentially other fields.
A Study of the Turbulence Structure in a Rich Premixed Jet Flame (1984)

本論文は当量比φ=1.9の過濃可燃限界付近での予混合噴流火炎の乱れ構造を論じている.乱れ構造は乱れエネルギとレイノルズ応力を実験的に見積もり検討した.火炎面近傍では既報のφ=1.1の火炎のような強い乱れの生成はみられないが,これは流線の曲りが本火炎ではきわめて小さいためである.また混合領域に火炎(内炎)が形成されると,火炎帯での乱れ生成はむしろ抑制され,層流化現象が生じることがわかった.
High strain rate superplastic forming into rectanglar part of SiC particle reinforced 2124 aluminum alloy composite shee. (1999)

The forming test was performed at 773 K using a 250 mm × 250 mm blank sheet by the gas pressure, which was preset to achieve the average strain rate of 0.1/s. The rectanglar part is successfully formed with in about 10 seconds and the maximum thickness reduction strain is over 100% at the corner of the part. The high forming rate leads to the uniform thickness distributions of the formed part and it coincides with the bulge forming test conducted by authors in the previous work. From the results of measuring the change in contour shape and thickness distributions, the forming process is proved as follows. The sheet is bulged freely in the die at first and then attaches the bottom or side wall, finally formed along the corner of the die. The process coincides with the shape predicted in the calculation of the gas pressure pattern.
Learning 3D Head Pose From Synthetic Data: A Semi-Supervised Approach (2021)

Accurate head pose estimation from 2D image data is an essential component of applications such as driver monitoring systems, virtual reality technology, and human-computer interaction. It enables a better determination of user engagement and attentiveness. The most accurate head pose estimators are based on Deep Neural Networks that are trained with the supervised approach and rely primarily on the accuracy of training data. The acquisition of real head pose data with a wide variation of yaw, pitch and roll is a challenging task. Publicly available head pose datasets have limitations with respect to size, resolution, annotation accuracy and diversity. In this work, a methodology is proposed to generate pixel-perfect synthetic 2D headshot images rendered from high-quality 3D synthetic facial models with accurate head pose annotations. A diverse range of variations in age, race, and gender are also provided. The resulting dataset includes more than 300k pairs of RGB images with corresponding head pose annotations. A wide range of variations in pose, illumination and background are included. The dataset is evaluated by training a state-of-the-art head pose estimation model and testing against the popular evaluation-dataset Biwi. The results show that training with purely synthetic data generated using the proposed methodology achieves close to state-of-the-art results on head pose estimation which are originally trained on real human facial datasets. As there is a domain gap between the synthetic images and real-world images in the feature space, initial experimental results fall short of the current state-of-the-art. To reduce the domain gap, a semi-supervised visual domain adaptation approach is proposed, which simultaneously trains with the labelled synthetic data and the unlabeled real data. When domain adaptation is applied, a significant improvement in model performance is achieved. Additionally, by applying a data fusion-based transfer learning approach, better results are achieved than previously published work on this topic.
Three‐phase bi‐directional wireless EV charging system with high tolerance to pad misalignment (2019)

Electric vehicles (EVs), which are becoming increasingly popular, can be charged by either wired or wireless means. The latter, based on wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, is convenient and safe, but pad misalignment is one of the major concerns as it causes a reduction in charging power level, prolonging the charging process. Therefore, wireless charging systems with high tolerance to pad misalignment are necessary. This study proposes a three‐phase bi‐directional wireless power transfer (BD‐WPT) system with a control scheme that offers high tolerance to pad misalignment in EV charging applications. The system uses simple coil designs for pads and utilises the magnetic coupling among pads to compensate for the power variation. A comprehensive mathematical model, incorporating all magnetic cross‐coupling effects, is presented to investigate the charging performance of the system under pad misalignment and different pad spacings. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed system, theoretical and simulated results are presented, benchmarking against a single phase WPT system, and in comparison to a prototype 1.3 kW three‐phase BD‐WPT system. Results are convincing and indicate that the proposed three‐phase BD‐WPT system with small pad spacing is more tolerant to wide pad misalignment in EV charging applications.
Feed-Forward Dynamic Stall Control Model (2018)

Measurements of the lift coefficient history obtained from a NACA 0018 airfoil undergoing pitching maneuvers with blowing-type active flow control were used to obtain low-dimensional models for control. Disturbance models for the lift response to pitching at different steady-state blowing amplitudes were identified based on a variation of the Goman–Khrabrov model. A plant model for the lift response to sinusoidal blowing amplitude had the form of a time-delay system. The models were used to design a feed-forward controller. The ability of the controller to compensate for lift oscillations during pitching maneuvers was evaluated using a Simulink® model.