gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Folding Analytical Devices for Electrochemical ELISA in Hydrophobic RH Paper (2014)

This work describes a device for electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed for low-resource settings and diagnostics at the point of care. The device is fabricated entirely in hydrophobic paper, produced by silanization of paper with decyl trichlorosilane, and comprises two zones separated by a central crease: an embossed microwell, on the surface of which the antigen or antibody immobilization and recognition events occur, and a detection zone where the electrodes are printed. The two zones are brought in contact by folding the device along this central crease; the analytical signal is recorded from the folded configuration. Two proof-of-concept applications, an electrochemical direct ELISA for the detection of rabbit IgG as a model antigen in buffer and an electrochemical sandwich ELISA for the detection of malarial histidine-rich protein from Plasmodium falciparum (Pf HRP2) in spiked human serum, show the versatility of this device. The limit of detection of the electrochemical sandwich ELISA for the quantification of Pf HRP2 in spiked human serum was 4 ng mL(-1) (10(2) pmol L(-1)), a value within the range of clinically relevant concentrations.
Die Zulässigkeit der Gewinnbeteiligung der Arbeitnehmer in Tarifverträgen. (2005)

Abstract Die Gewinnbeteiligung der Arbeitnehmer hat in ihrer langen Geschichte viele Höhen und Tiefen durchlebt. Seit etwa 1997 befindet sie sich wieder in einer Hochphase. Ihr wird von Seiten der Unternehmen, der Verbände und der Politik viel Interesse entgegengebracht und sie ist mittlerweile in Deutschland auch relativ weit verbreitet. Diese Entwicklung brachte es mit sich, dass die Gewinnbeteiligung nunmehr erstmalig zum Gegenstand von tarifvertraglichen Regelungen wurde. Aber ist eine tarifvertragliche Vereinbarung überhaupt rechtlich zulässig? Dieser Frage geht Markus Dreyer nach. Dargestellt wird die Geschichte, d. h. Entwicklung, Ziele und Verbreitung der Gewinnbeteiligung und es wird eine Definition für diese entwickelt. Im Kern beschäftigt sich der Verfasser mit der Beantwortung der Frage, ob die Tarifparteien die Tarifmacht nach § 1 TVG zur Vereinbarung einer Gewinnbeteiligung besitzen. Dabei werden wesentliche Erkenntnisse über den Sinn und Zweck der Inhaltsnomen des TVG - unter besonderer Einbeziehung der Beschäftigungspolitik der Verbände - gewonnen. Weitergehend untersucht der Autor, ob einer entsprechenden tarifvertraglichen Vereinbarung Regelungsschranken entgegenstehen. Solche können sich aus dem Gesellschaftsrecht, den Grundrechten oder aus Gründen des Gemeinwohls ergeben. Herausgearbeitet wird als Vorfrage - getrennt nach Freiheits- und Gleichheitsrechten -, inwieweit die Tarifvertragsparteien an die Grundrechte gebunden sind. Dreyer kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Gewinnbeteiligung als Inhaltsnorm vereinbart werden kann, allerdings ist der ihr zugrunde liegende Unternehmensgewinn um Rücklagen für die Unternehmen und Unternehmenseigner zu reduzieren. Eine solche Gewinnbeteiligung verstößt nach der vorliegenden Untersuchung weder gegen die Berufs- und Eigentumsfreiheit der Arbeitgeber noch gegen den zugunsten der Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer wirkenden allgemeinen Gleichheitssatz des Art. 3 GG. Sie ist auch mit den gesetzlichen Regelungen des Gesellschaftsrechts vereinbar, bedarf jedoch der Zustimmung durch die Unternehmenseigentümer.
Large- and Small-Scale Modeling of User Traffic in 5G Networks (2019)

Along with many other novel features, the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) aims at highly flexible and dynamic network management, as well as reduced cost for operators. In order to enable both features, rapid and efficient adaptation to environmental changes is needed. This requires a complete knowledge of the characteristics of the user traffic at all time scales, but state-of-the-art research clearly differentiates between large-scale and small-scale traffic behavior. In this work, we propose a traffic model that connects large-scale and small-scale phenomena. We show that the standard small-scale models may produce inaccurate results in case of network congestion. We propose a strategy to mitigate this problem and evaluate it through simulations.
New sensor applications of poly(phenylene ethynylene)s (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2004.
Controlled Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Large Nanoparticles in Amphiphilic Brush Block Copolymers (2015)

To date the self-assembly of ordered metal nanoparticle (NP)/block copolymer hybrid materials has been limited to NPs with core diameters (D(core)) of less than 10 nm, which represents only a very small fraction of NPs with attractive size-dependent physical properties. Here this limitation has been circumvented using amphiphilic brush block copolymers as templates for the self-assembly of ordered, periodic hybrid materials containing large NPs beyond 10 nm. Gold NPs (D(core) = 15.8 ± 1.3 nm) bearing poly(4-vinylphenol) ligands were selectively incorporated within the hydrophilic domains of a phase-separated (polynorbornene-g-polystyrene)-b-(polynorbornene-g-poly(ethylene oxide)) copolymer via hydrogen bonding between the phenol groups on gold and the PEO side chains of the brush block copolymer. Well-ordered NP arrays with an inverse cylindrical morphology were readily generated through an NP-driven order-order transition of the brush block copolymer.
4D time shift and amplitude versus offset joint (AVO) inversion (2017)

In this paper, we present a new method to estimate changes in elastic impdeances by jointly invert 4D seismic time shift and amplitude changes between baseline and monitor seismic angle stacks. Velocity change deduced from time shift is utilized both as low frequency model and prior information for elastic AVO inversion. Time shift is updated during the inversion at each iteraction. A line search algortihm is utilized to automamtically determine the regularizaiton parameters. Joint inversion assimilates both travel time and AVO information of the 4D seismic data to generate full band elastic impedance changes as interpretation products. We solve the problem using 4D seismic difference cubes, rather than matching baseline and monitor separately. This joint inversion provides a general solution that can work on different 4D senarios, e.g., single cycle as well as multicycle reservoirs, and time shift dominated as well as AVO dominated cases. We show comparison between our joint inversion and conventional sequential inversions (time align first, then doing AVO inversion), and illustrate the uplift of the invented joint inversion on a synthetic wedge model and a 3D synthethic multicycle reservoir model. This paper has been withdrawn from the Technical Program and will not be presented at the 87th SEG Annual Meeting.
A Study on the Effect of the Sensor Gain Error in the Precision Measurement of Straightness Error Using Mixed Sequential Two-Probe Method (2013)

In this study, effect of the sensor gain error is theoretically analyzed and simulated when mixed sequential two-prove method(MTPM) is applied for the precision measurement of straightness error of a linear motion table. According to the theoretical analysis, difference of the gain errors between two displacement sensors increases measurement error dramatically and alignment error of the straightedge is also amplified by the sensor gain difference. On the other hand, if the gain errors of the two sensors are identical, most of error terms are cancelled out and the alignment error doesn’t give any influence on the measurement error. Also the measurement error of the straightness error is minimized compared with that of the straightedge’s form error owing to close relationship between straightness error and angular motion error of the table in the error terms.
Prediction of Channel Quality after Handover for Mobility Management in 5G (2014)

The fifth generation of wireless networks should enable the same experience to users at home, in the office or on the move thanks to seamless handover. Call admission control (CAC) provides the means to avoid call drops due to lack of resources at a target cell during handover. The purpose of the CA
Identification of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Candidate Effectors with Virulence Activity in a Distantly Related Pathosystem (2016)

Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the causal agent of Asian Soybean Rust, a disease that causes enormous economic losses, most markedly in South America. P. pachyrhizi is a biotrophic pathogen that utilizes specialized feeding structures called haustoria to colonize its hosts. In rusts and other filamentous plant pathogens, haustoria have been shown to secrete effector proteins into their hosts to permit successful completion of their life cycle. We have constructed a cDNA library from P. pachyrhizi haustoria using paramagnetic bead-based methodology and have identified 35 P. pachyrhizi candidate effector (CE) genes from this library which are described here. In addition, we quantified the transcript expression pattern of six of these genes and show that two of these CEs are able to greatly increase the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to Phytophthora infestans. This strongly suggests that these genes play an important role in P. pachyrhizi virulence on its hosts.
Supplementary Figures Legends from T-cell Expression of IL10 Is Essential for Tumor Immune Surveillance in the Small Intestine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends to Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Controlling Curvature in a Family of Oligoamide α‐Helix Mimetics (2008)

Warum ist die Helix krumm? Die bei natürlichen α-Helices vorkommende Strukturkrümmung wurde mit kleinen synthetischen Oligoamiden nachgeahmt. Unterschiede in den Wasserstoffbrückenmustern der Oligoamide ergeben Mimetika mit wechselnden Krümmungsgraden. Damit steht ein weiterer Parameter für den Entwurf struktureller und funktioneller α-Helix-Mimetika zur Verfügung.
Suppression of tumor angiogenesis by inhibition of LAT1 in stromal endothelial cells (2019)

Angiogenesis, a process of vascular growth from preexisting vessels, is involved in pathological processes including tumor growth and metastasis. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in a wide range of cancers and contributes to supplying amino acids. LAT1 has, thus, been proposed as a potential target for cancer therapy. Recently, we found that LAT1 shows high expression not only in tumor cells but also in endothelial cells of pancreatic cancer tissues. In contrast, the expression of LAT1 in endothelial cells of normal tissues is limited. In this study, we examined whether LAT1 is involved in tumor angiogenesis or not. LAT1 inhibitors reduced the number of blood vessel sprouting in ex vivo aortic ring assay. Suppression of angiogenesis by LAT1 inhibitors was further confirmed in in vivo matrigel plug assay and xenograft tumor model. Moreover, contribution of LAT1 in angiogenesis was verified using human umbilical vein endothelial cells in in vitro angiogenesis assays. LAT1 inhibitors are supposed to exert an anti-angiogenic effect through the inhibition of LAT1 in the endothelial cells of tumors, which could, together with the suppression of amino acid uptake of cancer cells, contribute to the anti-tumor effect in vivo.
Retinal Structure and Function in Perinatally HIV-Infected and cART-Treated Children: A Matched Case–Control Study (2015)

In this study, we found a decrease in foveal thickness in HIV-infected children, which was associated with a higher peak VL. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to determine the course and clinical consequences of these foveal changes.
OS1010 Residual Stress Measurement of Bone Tissue in Rabbit's Lower Limb (2009)

Bone tissue is a composite material composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen fiber. The interplanar spacing of HAp ciystals can be noninvasively measured using the X-ray diffraction method, because HAp is a crystalline structure. The residual stress of bone tissue can be calculated from the interplanar spacing of the HAp crystals. In this work, the residual stresses of the bone axial direction in the anterior and posterior positions at the surface region of the center of the rabbit femoral and tibial diaphyses were estimated using the sine squared psi method. As a result, the residual stresses were in the rabbit femoral and tibial diaphyses and the values were different between the anterior and posterior positions.
Purkinje cell survival in organotypic cultures: Implication of Rho and its downstream effector ROCK (2007)

Organotypic cultures of postnatal day 1 (P1) to P7 mouse cerebella are well-established models for studying cell survival. In the present work, we investigate the involvement of the Rho/ROCK intracellular pathway in Purkinje cell survival by using organotypic cultures of P3 Swiss mice. Specific inhibitors of Rho or ROCK were applied at different concentrations to the slice cultures, which were maintained for 5 days in vitro. We show that the bacterial exoenzyme C3 transferase, a specific inhibitor of the small GTPase Rho, increases Purkinje cell survival. There is a 4.5- and 2.5-fold increase in Purkinje cell survival when C3 intracellular uptake is promoted either by the PEP-1 peptide or by the C2IN carrier protein, respectively, and not with the commonly used TAT peptide. Moreover, treatment with Y27632 and H-1152, two specific inhibitors of the Rho kinase ROCK, also strongly reduces apoptotic cell death and results in 6.5- and 8.5-fold increases in cell survival, respectively. In immunohistochemical analysis, we also show that H-1152 did not change either glial fibrillary acidic protein or isolectin-B4 staining, indicating that this compound did not alter the cellular composition in our cultures. Thus, our data demonstrate that inhibition of Rho and its downstream effector ROCK may be used to enhance cell survival in neurodegenerative diseases.
Reduction of β-phosphorylated cyclic aminoxyl radicals by flavins: an EPR kinetic study † (1997)

A series of stable β-phosphorylated aminoxyl radicals has been tested towards their resistance to photoreduced flavin reduction in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Their decay kinetics, monitored by EPR spectroscopy, have been compared to those of three non-phosphorylated reference compounds. In each case, both a second-order reduction and a first-order aminoxyl decay were found to contribute to the EPR signal loss. On the basis of only the second-order process, a classification of the aminoxyl radicals has been established as a function of their ease of reduction by the two flavins tested.
Sum Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Comb Copolymer Cetyl Dimethicone Copolyol (2003)

The sum frequency (SF) vibrational spectrum in the C−H stretching region of a comb copolymer, cetyl dimethicone copolyol (CDC), consisting of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) backbone and grafted poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and cetyl side chains has been recorded after deposition on a gold-coated substrate. Resonant assignment of the SF spectrum of CDC has been achieved by examining the spectra of several structural analogues of the polymer. Since sum frequency generation is dependent upon both infrared and Raman activity, assignment of the SF spectrum of CDC was aided by recording complementary infrared and Raman spectra. Sum frequency resonances attributable to the methyl groups of the polymer backbone and the cetyl side chains of the polymer were observed, implying conformational order of these moieties. Further, it was concluded from the phase of the cetyl resonances that the grafted alkyl chains were oriented away from the polymer/air interface. Conversely, the PEO side chains of CDC were found to be SF inactive.
R symmetries and a heterotic MSSM (2014)

We employ powerful techniques based on Hilbert and Gröbner bases to analyze particle physics models derived from string theory. Individual models are shown to have a huge landscape of vacua that differ in their phenomenological properties. We explore the (discrete) symmetries of these vacua, the new R symmetry selection rules and their consequences for moduli stabilization.
Two-Photon Absorbing Phosphorescent Metalloporphyrins: Effects of π-Extension and Peripheral Substitution (2016)

The ability to form triplet excited states upon two-photon excitation is important for several applications of metalloporphyrins, including two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) and two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here we analyzed one-photon (1P) and degenerate two-photon (2P) absorption properties of several phosphorescent Pt (II) porphyrins, focusing on the effects of aromatic π-extension and peripheral substitution on triplet emissivity and two-photon absorption (2PA). Our 2PA measurements for the first time made use of direct time-resolved detection of phosphorescence, having the ability to efficiently reject laser background through microsecond time gating. π-Extension of the porphyrin macrocycle by way of syn-fusion with two external aromatic fragments, such as in syn-dibenzo- (DBP) and syn-dinaphthoporphyrins (DNP), lowers the symmetry of the porphyrin skeleton. As a result, DBPs and DNPs exhibit stronger 2PA into the one-photon-allowed B (Soret) and Q states than fully symmetric (D<sub>4h</sub>) nonextended porphyrins. However, much more 2P-active states lie above the B state and cannot be accessed due to the interfering linear absorption. Alkoxycarbonyl groups (CO<sub>2</sub>R) in the benzo-rings dramatically enhance 2PA near the B state level. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations in combinations with the sum-over-states (SOS) formalism revealed that the enhancement is due to the stabilization of higher-lying 2P-active states, which are dominated by the excitations involving orbitals extending onto the carbonyl groups. Furthermore, calculations predicted even stronger stabilization of the 2P-allowed gerade-states in symmetric Pt octaalkoxycarbonyl-tetrabenzoporphyrins. Experiments confirmed that the 2PA cross-section of PtTBP(CO<sub>2</sub>Bu)<sub>8</sub> near 810 nm reaches above 500 GM in spite of its completely centrosymmetric structure. Combined with exceptionally bright phosphorescence (ϕ<sub>phos</sub> = 0.45), strong 2PA makes Pt(II) complexes of π-extended porphyrins a valuable class of chromophores for 2P applications. Another important advantage of these porphyrinoids is their compact size and easily scalable synthesis.
Correction: Profiling Critical Cancer Gene Mutations in Clinical Tumor Samples (2010)

Table S1 was published incorrectly. Please view the correct table here: http://www.plosone.org/corrections/pone.0007887.s002.cn.xls
Regulation of brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by calmodulin. A quantitative analysis. (1981)

Comparison of the parameters of Ca and Sr binding to bovine brain calmodulin with the activation of bovine brain phosphodiesterase by Ca2+ and Sr2+ at different calmodulin concentrations allows a quantitative description of the mechanism of activation of the enzyme. Equilibrium dialysis studies show that calmodulin possesses three high affinity (K'diss = 6 micoM) and one low affinity (K'diss = 200 microM) sites for Ca2+. All four sites display the same affinity for Sr2+ with K'diss = 180 microM. In the presence of calmodulin, soluble bovine brain phosphodiesterase is activated by Sr2+ to the same extent as by Ca2+. The activation of the enzyme shows the same Ca2+/Sr2+ selectivity ratio of 30 as the binding of the metal ions to calmodulin. Based on the findings that the Ca2+ or Sr2+ concentration at half-maximal activation of the enzyme depends on the concentration of calmodulin present, a quantitative analysis of activation was carried out as a function of the four calmodulin-metal complex species (CaM . Men). The data show that the activating species are CaM . Ca3, CaM . Ca4 or CaM . Sr3, CaM . Sr4. The interaction of these activating species with phosphodiesterase follows the Hill equation with a dissociation constant of 10(-9) M and a Hill coefficient of 2, irrespective of the binding characteristics of Ca2+ or Sr2+. The latter value agrees well with the fact that phosphodiesterase possesses two binding sites for calmodulin.
Abstract 570: Dual acting bone defender agents inhibit prostate cancer-mediated bone destruction (2023)

Abstract Introduction: Bone metastasis is clinically observed in approximately 90% of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Metastatic bone destruction is driven by a self-reinforcing process coupling osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone degradation to PCa growth, and where cell movement acts to keep these two cooperating cell types in close proximity and to move them across the bone surface. We sought to create a new class of therapeutics that would be highly effective at inhibiting PCa-mediated bone destruction by targeting both OC function and cell motility. Methods: We synthesized new chemical entities, termed Dual Acting Bone Defender agents (DABDs), that couple the small molecule anti-motility agent, KBU2046, with bisphosphonate (bis), through a chemical linker. Assays for in vitro efficacy included: cell migration and invasion, binding to bone mineral, inhibiting osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone destruction, inhibition of Raf1 phosphorylation and inhibition of protein prenylation. In vivo assays included intra-cardiac (IC) injection of human PCa cells into mice, followed by real time monitoring of tumor growth and bone destruction by IVIS and CT imaging, respectively. Findings: We successfully created a novel route of chemical synthesis allowing us to access and probe unique chemical space, providing for single small molecules with bis functional groups linked to a KBU2046 core through a linker moiety. DABDs retain the cellular and molecular characteristics of KBU2046 and bis. Like KBU2046, they inhibit PCa cell motility and phosphorylation of Raf1 on its activation motif. They also inhibit the motility of breast and lung cancer cells. Like bis, they inhibit OC-mediated bone mineral destruction, prenylation of Ras small GTPase proteins, and chemically bind hydroxyapatite. Administered prior to IC injection, DABDs are so effective that they prolong animal survival and inhibit bone destruction in a dose-dependent manner. In mice with established bone metastasis to the femur, after IC injection, DABDs inhibit the growth of tumors. Doses 3,000 fold higher than that required for efficacy had no clinical or critical organ toxicity. Conclusions: DABDs represent a new multifunctional class of therapeutic agents that inhibit PCa-mediated bone destruction and have a high potential for advancing clinical efficacy in PCa patients with bone metastasis. Citation Format: Fangfang Qiao, Ryan Gordon, Abhinandan Pattanayak, Katelyn O’Neill, Nina Chaika, Weining Chen, Rachel Rhatigan, Raymond Bergan. Dual acting bone defender agents inhibit prostate cancer-mediated bone destruction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 570.