gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA10: Building improved personal cancer vaccines (2021)

Abstract Multiple lines of evidence have convincingly demonstrated tumor neoantigens as an important class of immunogenic tumor antigens, and have motivated the development of personalized cancer neoantigen targeting approaches. Neoantigens arise from amino acid changes encoded by somatic mutations in the tumor cell and have the potential to bind to and be presented by personal HLA molecules. Because the immune response has the capacity of addressing multiple tumor neoantigens simultaneously, immune-based therapy has a potential for directly address tumor heterogeneity. As a field, we have now successfully moved beyond the first wave proof-of-concept studies that have demonstrated the safety, feasibility and high immunogenicity of these personalized neoantigen-targeting vaccines. An imperative now is to address the challenges of discovering and optimizing the selection of antigens to target, the delivery approach, and extending this promising approach to a broader array of cancer settings. Citation Format: Catherine J. Wu. Building improved personal cancer vaccines [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
On the use of the electron microscope for environmental science (1999)

Atmospheric aerosols could play a critical role in many environmental poroblems(e.g.,Antarctic Ozone ‘Hole’) which impact on our lives either indirectly or directly. However, our ability to assess these possible impacts is constrained by our limited knowledge of individual aerosols particle. Electron microscope can be used to detect and measure size and morphology of a particle with a very good accuracy.Thin\|film chemical tests have been developed to enable sulfate and nitrate to be determined in individual particles. In recent years, we have used the electron microscope to investigate the role of individual aerosol particles in environmental problems. Examples are given for aerosols particles collected from the air of Guangzhou in China, Antarctica, and Norikura in Japan. The application of these techniques has been shown to be useful for obtaining detailed information about individual particles and their effects. 
A real-time center-of-mass tracker circuit implemented by neuron MOS technology (1998)

A new architecture integrated circuit has been developed as a key element of a system that can real-time track the center of mass of an moving image on a two-dimensional (2-D) pixel array. The circuit has been implemented using a high-functionality transistor called neuron MOSFET (neuMOS or /spl nu/MOS for short), hence having a very simple circuit configuration. A quasi-two-dimensional algorithm is assumed for system in the circuit. A one-dimensional (1-D) array of neuron MOS circuits automatically finds the center-of-mass location using the image intensity distribution projected onto the x or y axis. The unique feature of the circuit is that it accepts analog inputs without A/D conversion but produces binary outputs, thus providing a very smooth interfacing between the real world and digital systems. Test circuits have been fabricated by a double-polysilicon CMOS process and their operation has been experimentally demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pauferrol A, a Novel Chalcone Trimer with a Cyclobutane Ring from Caesalpinia ferrea Mart Exhibiting DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibition and Apoptosis‐Inducing Activity (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of the 18F-FDG-PET/MRI on Metastatic Staging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Results from 104 Patients (2021)

Optimal HCC therapeutic management relies on accurate tumor staging. Our aim was to assess the impact of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-WB-PET/MRI on HCC metastatic staging, compared with the standard of care CT-CAP/liver MRI combination, in patients with HCC referred on a curative intent or before transarterial radioembolization. One hundred and four consecutive patients followed for HCC were retrospectively included. The WB-PET/MRI was compared with the standard of care CT-CAP/liver MRI combination for HCC metastatic staging, with pathology, followup, and multidisciplinary board assessment as a reference standard. Thirty metastases were identified within 14 metastatic sites in 11 patients. The sensitivity of WB-PET/MRI for metastatic sites and metastatic patients was significantly higher than that of the CT-CAP/liver MRI combination (respectively 100% vs. 43%, <i>p</i> = 0.002; and 100% vs. 45%, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Metastatic sites missed by CT-CAP were bone (<i>n</i> = 5) and distant lymph node (<i>n</i> = 3) in BCLC C patients. For the remaining 93 nonmetastatic patients, three BCLC A patients identified as potentially metastatic on the CT-CAP/liver MRI combination were correctly ruled out with the WB-PET/MRI without significant increase in specificity (100% vs. 97%; <i>p</i> = 0.25). The WB-PET/MRI may improve HCC metastatic staging and could be performed as a "one-stop-shop" examination for HCC staging with a significant impact on therapeutic management in about 10% of patients especially in locally advanced HCC.
State estimation of fast-rate systems using slow-rate image sensors (2013)

This paper presents algorithms for state estimation of adaptive optics (AO) systems with fast-rate actuators and slow-rate image sensors. Typically, the information obtained from these slow-rate image sensors is the time-averaged output measurement during the exposure time. The additional information available in the image measurement (in the form of an intensity distribution) is discarded. In order to fully extract information from these blurry measurements, the image sensor is modeled as an integrative intensity sensor. The integrative intensity sensor is a transform from temporal outputs to pixel-domain measurements. Thus, the state estimation problem for the AO system is recast into a multi-rate estimation problem from a non-linear output measurement. Based on this formulation, we propose and compare estimation algorithms that exploit the unique properties of the non-linear integrative sensor model. Experimental results on a fast-rate beam steering mirror and a slow-rate image sensor verify that using the integrative sensor model and exploiting its structure for state estimation can result in lower prediction error.
System Design of a 2.75-mW Discrete-Time Superheterodyne Receiver for Bluetooth Low Energy (2017)

This paper introduces a system-level approach to develop the first-ever fully discrete-time (DT) superheterodyne receiver (RX) for Internet-of-Things applications, such as Bluetooth low energy (BLE). It exploits fast switching speed and low internal capacitances of deep-nanoscale CMOS devices to realize a high intermediate-frequency (IF) architecture based on switched-capacitor-based charge-domain bandpass filtering. Power consumption is minimized by aggressively reducing the size of MOS devices and judiciously applying a sampling-rate decimation. The resultant increase in the flicker noise is mitigated by placing the IF frequency beyond the flicker corner frequency. Likewise, the decimation-induced aliasing is mitigated by DT filtering of preceding stages. The BLE RX is fully standard-compliant and achieves a record-low-power consumption of 2.75 mW (including its local oscillator) while delivering the state-of-the-art performance: 6.5-dB noise figure and -19-dBm third-order input intercept point, with a direct antenna connection and thus without the typical external bandpass filters.
IS-IS Topology-Transparent Zone (2020)

This document presents a topology-transparent zone in a domain. A zone
comprises a group of routers and a number of circuits connecting them.
Any router outside of the zone is not aware of the zone. The
information about the circuits and routers inside the zone is not
distributed to any router outside of the zone. Any link state change
such as a circuit down inside the zone is not seen by any router
outside of the zone.
Growth rate of an endomorphism of a group (2011)

In [B] Bowen defined the growth rate of an endomorphism of a finitely generated group and related it to the entropy of a map $f:M \mapsto M$ on a compact manifold. In this note we study the purely group theoretic aspects of the growth rate of an endomorphism of a finitely generated group. We show that it is finite and bounded by the maximum length of the image of a generator. An equivalent formulation is given that ties the growth rate of an endomorphism to an increasing chain of subgroups. We then consider the relationship between growth rate of an endomorphism on a whole group and the growth rate restricted to a subgroup or considered on a quotient.We use these results to compute the growth rates on direct and semidirect products. We then calculate the growth rate of endomorphisms on several different classes of groups including abelian and nilpotent.
Toughening Polylactide with Graft-Block Polymers (2022)

Poly[(styrene-alt-N-hydroxyethylmaleimide)-ran-(styrene-alt-N-ethylmaleimide)]-graft-[poly(4-methylcaprolactone)-block-poly((±)-lactide)] (g-ML) graft-block polymers containing 50 vol % poly((±)-lactide) (PLA or L) were mixed with a commercial PLA homopolymer to modify the brittle mechanical behavior of this industrially compostable plastic. Various graft architectures, including linear, tri-arm, and tetra-arm polymer backbones, were prepared using a grafting-from method. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the pure g-MLs form a lamellar morphology where the degree of long-range order is dictated by the polymer architecture. When melt-blended with PLA at low concentrations, the g-MLs formed well-dispersed nanoscale particles within the PLA matrix, yielding moldable plastics with high optical transparency. The tensile toughness of the PLA/g-ML blends was substantially enhanced over that of pure PLA using g-ML concentrations as low as 5 wt % and exhibited average strains at break of 280% following 2 days of aging at room temperature; pure PLA failed at a 7% strain. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and transparency of the toughened plastic were virtually unaffected by the low concentration of rubbery poly(4-methylcaprolactone) (M) domains and the formation of well-dispersed nanoscale particles. Graft-block polymers were shown to toughen PLA more efficiently than a linear triblock copolymer analogue LML, which produced a strain at break of 105% at a loading of 5 wt %. Blending g-ML into PLA significantly delays the onset of physical aging and the onset of the ductile-to-brittle (DTB) transition, which depends on the concentration of g-ML utilized.
Expression profiles of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K and HERV-R Env proteins in various cancers (2021)

The vertebrate genome contains an endogenous retrovirus that has been inherited from the past millions of years. Although approximately 8% of human chromosomal DNA consists of sequences derived from human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) fragments, most of the HERVs are currently inactive and noninfectious due to recombination, deletions, and mutations after insertion into the host genome. Several studies suggested that Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) factors are significantly related to certain cancers. However, only limited studies have been conducted to analyze the expression of HERV derived elements at protein levels in certain cancers. Herein, we analyzed the expression profiles of HERV-K envelope (Env) and HERV-R Env proteins in eleven different kinds of cancer tissues. Furthermore, the expression patterns of both protein and correlation with various clinical data in each tissue were analyzed. The expressions of both HERV-K Env and HERV-R Env protein were identified to be significantly high in most of the tumors compared with normal surrounding tissues. Correlations between HERV Env expressions and clinical investigations varied depending on the HERV types and cancers. Overall expression patterns of HERV-K Env and HERV-R Env proteins were different in every individual but a similar pattern of expressions was observed in the same individual. These results demonstrate the expression profiles of HERV-K and HERV-R Env proteins in various cancer tissues and provide a good reference for the association of endogenous retroviral Env proteins in the progression of various cancers. Furthermore, the results elucidate the relationship between HERV-Env expression and the clinical significance of certain cancers. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(7): 368-373].
Prospective evaluation of combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and whole-body MRI in patients with breast and prostate cancer (2014)

1537 Objectives We previously reported the evaluation of separate NaF PET/CT and FDG PET/CT vs. whole-body MRI (WBMRI), as well as the use of combined NaF/FDG PET/CT in cancer patients. Here we prospectively compare the combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and WBMRI against 99mTc-MDP bone scans (BS). Methods 21 patients referred for BS were prospectively enrolled with IRB approval from Nov 2012 to Dec 2013. The cohort included 6 men with prostate cancer and 15 women with breast cancer, 34 - 84 year-old (average 57.7 ± 13.3). NaF and FDG were subsequently injected from separate syringes. PET/CT and MRI were done 1-6 days apart (average 1.3 ± 1.1). MRI protocol consisted of T1, STIR, DWI, and contrast-enhanced imaging. The interval from the bone scan to PET/CT or MRI ranged 1-30 days (average 14.5 ± 7.7). Lesions detected with each test were tabulated and the results were compared. Results 1 patient with negative BS and PET/CT could not tolerate WBMRI. 7 patients had no bone metastases identified on any of the 3 scans. BS showed bone metastases in 11 patients, while the combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and the WBMRI showed skeletal metastases in 3 more and 2 more, respectively (14 patients total). More numerous bone findings were noted on PET/CT than on WBMRI in 7 patients. Lesions outside the skeleton were identified by PET/CT and WBMRI in 9 patients. In one patient MRI showed brain metastases not noted on PET/CT. In one patient PET/CT showed axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes not described on MRI. Conclusions Our prospective trial demonstrates superior evaluation of skeletal disease extent with the combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and WBMRI compared to BS. Further, PET/CT and WBMRI detected extra-skeletal disease that may change the management of these patients. A combination of NaF/FDG PET and WBMRI may provide the most accurate staging of patients with breast and prostate cancers. Larger cohorts are needed in order to confirm these preliminary findings. Research Support GE Healthcare
Moderate temperature rechargeable sodium batteries (1983)

Cells utilizing the organic electrolyte, NaI in triglyme, operated at approx. 130 C with Na(+) - intercalating cathodes. However, their rate and stability were inadequate. NaAlCl4 was found to be a highly useful electrolyte for cell operation at 165-190 C. Na(+) intercalating chalcogenides reacted with NaAlCl4 during cycling to form stable phases. Thus, VS2 became essentially VS2Cl, with reversible capacity of approx 2.8 e(-)/V, and a mid-discharge voltage of approx 2.5V and 100 deep discharge cycles were readily achieved. A positive electrode consisting of VCl3 and S plus NaAlCl4 was subjected to deep-discharge cycles 300 times and it demonstrated identity with the in-situ-formed BSxCly cathode. NiS2 and NiS which are not Na(+)-intercalating structures formed highly reversible electrodes in NaAlCl4. The indicated discharge mechanism implies a theoretical capacity 4e(-)/Ni for NiS2 and 2e(-)/Ni for NiS. The mid-discharge potentials are, respectively, 2.4V and 2.1V. A Na/NiS2 cell cycling at a C/5 rate has exceeded 500 deep discharge cycles with 2.5e(-)/Ni average utilization. A 4 A-hr nominal capacity prototype Na/NiS2 cell was tested at 190 C. It was voluntarily terminated after 80 cycles. Further development, particularly of cathode structure and hardware should produce a battery capable of at least 50-W-hr/lb and more than 1000 cycles.
Generation and Characterization of a Library of Novel Biologically Active Functional Surfactants (Surfmers) Using Combined High-Throughput Methods (2021)

We report the first successful combination of three distinct high-throughput techniques to deliver the accelerated design, synthesis, and property screening of a library of novel, bio-instructive, polymeric, comb-graft surfactants. These three-dimensional, surface-active materials were successfully used to control the surface properties of particles by forming a unimolecular deep layer on the surface of the particles via microfluidic processing. This strategy deliberately utilizes the surfactant to both create the stable particles and deliver a desired cell-instructive behavior. Therefore, these specifically designed, highly functional surfactants are critical to promoting a desired cell response. This library contained surfactants constructed from 20 molecularly distinct (meth)acrylic monomers, which had been pre-identified by HT screening to exhibit specific, varied, and desirable bacterial biofilm inhibitory responses. The surfactant's self-assembly properties in water were assessed by developing a novel, fully automated, HT method to determine the critical aggregation concentration. These values were used as the input data to a computational-based evaluation of the key molecular descriptors that dictated aggregation behavior. Thus, this combination of HT techniques facilitated the rapid design, generation, and evaluation of further novel, highly functional, cell-instructive surfaces by application of designed surfactants possessing complex molecular architectures.
Deep Image Reconstruction using Unregistered Measurements without Groundtruth (2020)

One of the key limitations in conventional deep learning based image reconstruction is the need for registered pairs of training images containing a set of high-quality groundtruth images. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing a novel unsupervised deep registration-augmented reconstruction method (U-Dream) for training deep neural nets to reconstruct high-quality images by directly mapping pairs of unregistered and artifact-corrupted images. The ability of U-Dream to circumvent the need for accurately registered data makes it widely applicable to many biomedical image reconstruction tasks. We validate it in accelerated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by training an image reconstruction model directly on pairs of undersampled measurements from images that have undergone nonrigid deformations.
End-to-end delay analysis method for tandem switches with variable bandwidth links (2013)

An end-to-end delay analysis method is proposed for the datacenter network, the topology of which is N-stage tandem LAN switches with variable bandwidth links. According to the characteristics of burst (ON/OFF) traffic in the datacenter network, the arrival traffic to the switches is modeled as a series of rectangular traffic elements. By analyzing the queue-size behaviors of the N-stage switches, the transient behavior of the end-to-end delay can be obtained deterministically and accurately and expressed as a concatenation of a linear function of time t. The proposed analysis method is verified by comparing results of both an analysis and a simulation.
Inelastic tunneling spectra of MgO barrier magnetic tunneling junctions showing large magnon contribution (2009)

We investigated bias-voltage and temperature dependence of conductivity arising from the magnon contribution in MgO-based magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) with different ferromagnetic electrodes. Second derivative conductance curves showed broad peak structure, which extends from 5 to 200 mV, accompanied by additional peaks at around 23, 54, and 85 mV. The peak intensities were larger for antiparallel configuration than for parallel configuration except that at 85 mV. This difference in the peak intensity was observed to be larger for the MTJs having higher tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, indicating a magnetic origin of these peaks. Abrupt increase in the second derivative conductance at very low biasing voltage in the antiparallel configuration suggests the important role of the surface magnon excitation.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of analogs of EM-652 (acolbifene), a pure selective estrogen receptor modulator. Study of nitrogen substitution (2005)

EM-652 (acolbifene) analogs have been synthesized as selective estrogen receptor modulators. Substitution on the nitrogen atom of these 2H-1-benzopyran derivatives has been studied for its influence on antiestrogenic activity. Binding to the rat estrogen receptor, inhibition of estradiol-stimulated proliferation of T-47D breast cancer cells, as well as antiuterotrophic and uterotrophic activities in ovariectomized mice have been evaluated. 2H-1-Benzopyran 1b (EM-343, racemic form of EM-652), which contains a piperidine ring, shows the best pharmacological profile; RBA = 380, IC50 value = 0.110 nM (in T-47D cells), as well as 63% and 84% antiuterotrophic inhibitions at the 7.5 and 75 nmol doses, respectively.
Erratum: “Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Validation of Eddy Current Dampers and Couplers” [Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2008, 130, pp. 021011-1–021011-9] (2012)

The corrections are all linked to the quantity X that is
Planning Near Time-Optimal Trajectories for Robot Manipulators Along Given Paths (1994)

Abstract This paper extends a previous method aimed to compute discrete time-optimal trajectories of “dot-like” robots to consider the general case of robotic manipulators. The resulting trajectories provide the torque command at each actuator for following a given path in minimum time while respecting the constraints imposed by the manipulator model. The proposed method makes use of a modified manipulator dynamic model in terms of γ, the arc length parameter which defines the trajectory in the joint space q. The search for a solution is done in the space specified by γ and its derivative ν (the pseudo-speed scalar). In this space we define the features of the solution in order to design an efficient algorithm to compute the time-optimal trajectory. We determine bounds to the model components, such that the optimal solution lies below a curve limiting the area Ω, area in which all possible solutions fit. The algorithm performs, inside Ω, an ascendent search of the limiting curve; this strategy permits the curve obtained at each intermediate step to be a valid solution.
Replantation of Avulsed Scalps and Secondary Aesthetic Correction (2000)

Five patients with avulsed scalps were treated with replantation between 1992 and 1998. All patients were women age 20 to 36 years. The percentage of the avulsed scalp ranged from 50% to 100% of the whole scalp. The vessels chosen for anastomosis were the superficial temporal artery, occipital artery, and superficial temporal vein. A vein graft harvested from the cephalic vein of the forearm was performed on the venous and arterial sides in 1 patient. Two patients experienced complete survival of the replanted scalp. Three patients showed 40%, 50%, and 80% survival areas, with the remaining defects resurfaced as split-thickness skin grafts. Six months later, the scar areas in the last 3 patients were reconstructed with an expansion of the normal or replanted scalp. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 7 years. In 4 patients a partial return of sensation in the replanted scalp and motor function of the frontalis muscle were observed. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of their surgery.