gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional Density Estimation of Service Metrics for Networked Services (2021)

We predict the conditional distributions of service metrics, such as response time or frame rate, from infrastructure measurements in a networked environment. From such distributions, key statistics of the service metrics, including mean, variance, or quantiles can be computed, which are essential for predicting SLA conformance and enabling service assurance. We present and assess two methods for prediction: (1) mixture models with Gaussian or Lognormal kernels, whose parameters are estimated using mixture density networks, a class of neural networks, and (2) histogram models, which require the target space to be discretized. We apply these methods to a VoD service and a KV store service running on our lab testbed. A comparative evaluation shows the relative effectiveness of the methods when applied to operational data. We find that both methods allow for accurate prediction. While mixture models provide a general and elegant solution, they incur a very high overhead related to hyper-parameter search and neural network training. Histogram models, on the other hand, allow for efficient training, but require adjustment to the specific use case.
Regulation of the Immune Response to Tumor Antigen (1978)

Reduction of syngeneic tumor growth in primary tumor-bearing murine hosts has been accomplished using a variety of treatments designed to decrease endogenous suppressor cell activity or augment host effector responses. Selective interference with suppressor cell function can be achieved by in vivo administration of anti-thymocyte serums at critical times during the early stages of tumor development or by continuous treatment with antiserums directed to interact with I-J determinants on suppressor cells or suppressor factors. This later mode of therapy also results in a delay in tumor appearance when suboptimal doses of tumor are given. Preferential diminution of suppressor cell precursor activity has also been observed by pretreatment of tumor recipients with low doses of cyclophosphamide. Normal animals so treated are capable of adoptively transferring primarily helper-type activity to tumor-bearing recipients. Decreased tumor growth and prolonged host survival have also been achieved using BCG as a means of augmenting host effector potential. Thus, it is possible to inhibit tumor development in a murine model by modes of immunotherapy which may be relevant to the early treatment of certain human neoplasms.
Obstacle Identification and Localization (2003)

Location discovery is a task of fundamental importance in wireless ad-hoc networks. The standard localization problem is difficult due to presence of errors in distance measurements and also the need to minimize communication cost. In addition, in real-life situations, there is also a need to consider the existence of obstacles when solving localization problem and interpreting measurements. Obstacles are defined as objects in the instrumented field that significantly alter (prolong) distance measurements. This problem has not yet been properly addressed so far due to its computational intractability and difficulty. Our goal is to introduce conceptual approaches, develop algorithms and software, and also validation techniques to identify and localize obstacles during simultaneous location discovery. The starting point is formulating location discovery as a nonlinear function minimization problem...
Cyclic Control: Problem Formulation and Stability Analysis (2013)

This paper considers the problem of controlling rotating machinery with actuators and sensors fixed in inertial space. Such a problem arises in control of charging and fusing stages in the xerographic process, drilling and milling machines, and turbo machinery. If a rotating device is represented as a set of discrete wedges, the resulting system can be conceptualized as a set of plants (wedges) with a single actuator and sensor. In such architecture, each plant can be controlled only intermittently, in a stroboscopic manner. This leads to the problem of cyclic control (CC) considered in this paper. Specifically, the problem of stabilizability in CC architecture is considered, and the resulting stabilizability conditions are compared with those in the usual, permanently acting control (PAC). In this regard, it is shown that the domain of asymptotic stability under CC is an open disc in the open left half plane (OLHP), rather than the OLHP itself, and the controller gains that place the closed loop poles at the desired locations under CC are N times larger than those under PAC, where N is the number of wedges. The results are applied to temperature stabilization of the fusing stage of a xerographic process.
A novel locus for X-linked congenital cataract on Xq24. (2008)

A gene causing this novel congenital cataract phenotype is located on the long arm of the X chromosome.
Nucleophilic (Radio)Fluorination of Redox-Active Esters via Radical-Polar Crossover Enabled by Photoredox Catalysis (2020)

We report a redox-neutral method for nucleophilic fluorination of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters using an Ir photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The method provides access to a broad range of aliphatic fluorides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary benzylic fluorides as well as unactivated tertiary fluorides, that are typically inaccessible by nucleophilic fluorination due to competing elimination. In addition, we show that the decarboxylative fluorination conditions are readily adapted to radiofluorination with [18F]KF. We propose that the reactions proceed by two electron transfers between the Ir catalyst and redox-active ester substrate to afford a carbocation intermediate that undergoes subsequent trapping by fluoride. Examples of trapping with O- and C-centered nucleophiles and deoxyfluorination via N-hydroxyphthalimidoyl oxalates are also presented, suggesting that this approach may offer a general blueprint for affecting redox-neutral SN1 substitutions under mild conditions.
Spectral beam combining of Yb-doped fiber lasers using wavelength dependent polarization rotators and polarization beam combiners (2008)

We propose a robust spectral beam combining scheme using wavelength dependent polarization rotators and polarization beam combiners. We successfully demonstrated the concept for two Yb-doped fiber lasers at 1064 nm and 1092 nm up to a total input power of 90 W. The results reveal a very good combining efficiency and the potential for scaling to high power operations in this method of beam combining.
Somatic Mutations in CCK2R Alter Receptor Activity that Promote Oncogenic Phenotypes (2012)

The roles of cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) in numerous physiologic processes in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are well documented. There has been some evidence that CCK2R alterations play a role in cancers, but the functional significance of these alterations for tumorigenesis is unknown. We have identified six mutations in CCK2R among a panel of 140 colorectal cancers and 44 gastric cancers. We show that these mutations increase receptor activity, activate multiple downstream signaling pathways, increase cell migration, and promote angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that somatic mutations in CCK2R may promote tumorigenesis through deregulated receptor activity and highlight the importance of evaluating CCK2R inhibitors to block both the normal and mutant forms of the receptor.
Kinematic and Static Force Analysis of Rocker-Pin Jointed Silent Chains With Involute Sprockets (1992)

Abstract A quasi-static model has been developed for a silent (inverted-tooth) chain drive featuring a rocker-pin-jointed chain and sprockets with involute teeth. The model incorporates the effects of clearances in the rocker-pin joints and the geometry of link/sprocket engagement. The influence of various model parameters on the chain drive torque-ratio is examined, a primary point of interest being the fluctuations in the torque-ratio due to chordal action. In some cases, the torque-ratio variation is found to be less than that for the equivalent pin-jointed chain drives. Additionally, the center distances corresponding to the maximum and minimum torque variation are not fixed, as in the case of a pin-jointed chain. An optimization method is used as an aid in determining the governing geometric constraints since multiple joint configurations can be selected, given the clearances introduced by the rocker-pin joints. The resulting system of equations is fully constrained for a physically consistent chain configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Energy Path to Dense HfO2 Thin Films with Aqueous Precursor. (2011)

Abstract High‐quality, smooth and dense HfO 2 thin films are deposited by spin coating using an aqueous H 2 O 2 /HNO 3 solution of the precipitate obtained from an aq.
Interaction of retransmission, blacklisting, and routing metrics for reliability in sensor network routing (2005)

Unpredictable and heterogeneous links in a wireless sensor network require techniques to avoid low delivery rate and high delivery cost. Three commonly used techniques to help discover high quality paths include (1) link-layer retransmission, (2) blacklisting bad links, and (3) end-to-end routing metrics. Using simulation and testbed experiments, we present the first systematic exploration of the tradeoffs of combinations of these approaches, quantifying the effects of each of these three techniques. We identify several key results: one is that per-hop retransmissions (ARQ) is a necessary addition to any other mechanism if reliable data delivery is a goal. Additional interactions between the services are more subtle. First, in a multihop network, either blacklisting or reliability metrics like ETX can provide consistent high-reliability paths when added to ARQ. Second, at higher deployment densities, blacklisting has a lower routing overhead than CTX. But at lower densities, blacklisting becomes less stable as the network partitions. These results are consistent across both simulation and testbed experiments. We conclude that ETX with retransmissions is the best choice in general, but that blacklisting may be worth considering at higher densities, either with or without ETX.
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a Short Slot Duct with High Deflection of Inlet Flow Velocity from the Duct Axis (2007)

When a heated duct is one of the output ducts in the construction of a distributing header, specific conditions of heat transfer are generated as a result of interaction between the header flow (streaming flow) and the output duct flow. In this work, slot-type ducts were studied. An important feature of the investigation is the use of both a smooth output duct and ducts with heat transfer enhancement reliefs (5 specimens). Thus, interaction between the streaming flow turbulence and self-turbulence in a duct can be studied more carefully. The evolution of the average perimeter heat transfer along the duct is investigated for various situations mentioned. The corresponding results were obtained. If the velocity of the streaming flow is of the same order of magnitude as that of the flowing-out one or higher substantial heat-transfer enhancement is observed for the smooth output duct. When the wide sides of the duct were extended by a special relief, the scale of the streaming flow effect was decreased. The greater the surface extension, the less was the streaming flow effect. On triple enhancement of the duct heat transfer the streaming flow effect practically disappeared.
Plasma physics simulations of double potential wells in an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device (1995)

Summary form only given. The formation and behavior of double potential wells in an IEC fusion device was investigated using IXL-a one-dimensional code that solves the Poisson-Vlasov equations for a collisionless spherical plasma. IXL results represent an important limiting case where space charge effects dominate. The formation of a deep and stable double well is essential for good ion confinement, hence successful development of the IEC device as a future power source. The dependence of the double well depth and width on the plasma parameters (ion and electron currents, radial and perpendicular energy spread, ion and electron injection energies) was studied. The changes of the ion and electron densities and the fusion rate in the presence of the double well were investigated. The fusion core radius and its variation with plasma parameters were evaluated.
Use of patency capsule in patients with established Crohn’s disease (2015)

Capsule retention is a rare event in patients with established Crohn's disease undergoing VCE. The risk of video capsule retention was not reduced by the nonselective use of the patency capsule. Furthermore, VCE after a positive patency capsule test in patients with Crohn's disease was associated with a high risk of video capsule retention.
Characterization of across-device linewidth variation (ADLV) for 65-nm logic SRAM using CDSEM and linewidth roughness algorithms (2006)

The lithographic challenges of printing at low-k1 for 65 nm logic technologies have been well-documented (1,2). Heavy utilization of model-based optical proximity correction (OPC) and reticle enhancement technologies (RET) are the course of record for 65 nm logic nodes and below. Within the SRAM cells, often more dimensionally constrained than random logic, characterization of the nominal gate linewidth and linewidth variation is critical to ensure cell performance and stability. In this paper, we present the use of the linewidth roughness analysis package of a commercially-available CD SEM to extract low-spatial frequency information in order to characterize effects of OPC, substrate topography, process variations, and RETs. The SEM-based characterization of across-device linewidth variation is analyzed statistically to extract the information necessary to set device processing conditions and to make layout corrections consistent with producing the least possible channel length variation along the active device.
End-user services for broadband uptake in high-growth economies (2006)

In high grow economies, broadband is still in the early adopter phase. The rigth compelling service packages at the rigth price will be a key enabler to reach the mass-market stage.
Glyphosate Suppression of an Elicited Defense Response (1992)

The major effort in developing pathogenic fungi into potential mycoherbicides is aimed at increasing fungal virulence to weeds without affecting crop selectivity. Specific suppression of biosynthesis of a phytoalexin derived from the shikimate pathway in Cassia obtusifolia L. by a sublethal dose (50 micromolar) of glyphosate increased susceptibility to the mycoherbicide Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan. Glyphosate applied with conidia suppressed phytoalexin synthesis beginning at 12 hours, but not an earlier period 8 to 10 hours after inoculation. The phytoalexin synthesis elicited by fungal inoculation was also suppressed by darkness. The magnitudes of virulence of the mycoherbicide in the dark or with glyphosate in the light were both higher than after inoculation in the light with the same concentration of conidia in the absence of glyphosate. Five times less inoculum was needed to cause disease symptoms when applied with glyphosate than without. Glyphosate did not render A. cassiae virulent on soybean (Glycine max), a crop related to the host. These results suggest that a specific inhibition of a weed's elicited defense response can be a safe way to enhance virulence and improve the efficacy of the mycoherbicide.
Genetics of Pituitary Adenomas (2013)

Pituitary adenomas are common tumors of the adenohypophysis which can cause considerable morbidity, due to excessive hormonal secretion or compression and local invasion of surrounding structures. The vast majority of pituitary adenomas occur sporadically. Altered gene expression is commonly detected but somatic mutations, epigenetic changes and abnormal microRNAs have also been described. Occurrence of GNAS mutations at a postzygotic stage lead to McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), a disease causing endocrine hyperfunction and tumors in several organs, including the pituitary. Familial pituitary adenomas occur as part of a syndrome affecting other organs, such as in MEN1 or Carney complex, or occur with pituitary adenomas only as in familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). FIPA, an autosomal-dominant disease with variable penetrance, is explained in 20% of patients by germline mutations in the tumor suppressor aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein(AIP), while no gene abnormality has been identified to date in the majority of the FIPA families. AIP mutation-positive patients have a characteristic clinical phenotype with usually young- or childhood-onset growth hormone (GH) and/or prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenomas and can be seen in cases with no apparent family history as well. Understanding the tumorigenic process in AIP-positive and AIP-negative FIPA patients could result in better diagnostic and treatment options for both familial and sporadic cases.
Schizophrenic Behavior of a Thermoresponsive Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer at the Air−Water Interface (2009)

The thermoresponsive behavior of the rhodamine B end-labeled double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-b-poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (RhB-PDMA(207)-b-PDEA(177)) and the 1:1 segmental mixture of PDEA and rhodamine B end-labeled PDMA homopolymers was studied over the range of 10-40 degrees C at the air-water interface. The increase in collapse surface pressure (second plateau regime) of the DHBC with temperature confirms the thermoresponsiveness of PDEA at the interface. The sum of the pi-A isotherms of the two single homopolymers weighted by composition closely follows the pi-A isotherm of the DHBC, suggesting that the behavior of each block of the DHBC is not influenced by the presence of the other block. Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of DHBC deposited on glass substrates were analyzed by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM), showing schizophrenic behavior: at low temperature, the RhB-PDMA block dominates the inside of bright (core) microdomains, switching to the outside (shell) at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PDEA. This core-shell inversion triggered by the temperature increase was not detected in the homopolymer mixture. The present results suggest that both the covalent bond between the two blocks of the DHBC and the tendency of rhodamine B to aggregate play a role in the formation of the bright cores at low temperature whereas PDEA thermoaggregation is responsible for the formation of the dark cores above the LCST of PDEA.
Low loss optical interconnects to silicon waveguides (2006)

Waveguides fabricated in high-index-contrast material systems offer very strong light confinement compared to that achieved in low-index-contrast material systems. A core layer of silicon (refractive index <i>n</i>~3.5) surrounded by silica cladding (<i>n</i>~1.5) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is an example of a high-index-contrast material system. This enables miniaturization of functional optical components and enhances dense integration of devices on waveguide chips. Some physical effects, such as, Raman and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) are much stronger in silicon than in glass. In view of the above two reasons, it is possible to use short (a few centimeter long) silicon waveguides to amplify light or modify its wavelength, instead of using kilometers of glass optical fibers. A large mismatch between the common optical fiber dimensions and that of the high-index-contrast waveguides makes it difficult to couple light in and out of the chip. A number of techniques have been utilized for this purpose, including prism couplers, grating couplers, tapered fibers and micro-lens mode transformers [ 1, 2]. A better option to effectively couple light in this situation is by incorporating a waveguide section that is tapered vertically, as well as laterally between the fiber and the waveguide. This tapered section acts as a classic adiabatic modal transformer [ 3, 4, 5, 6] that transforms the input fundamental mode shape to that of the waveguide mode. In this paper, coupling losses between optical fibers and rib-loaded SOI waveguides with lateral only (1-D) and combination of lateral and vertical (2-D) tapers are presented. The waveguide fabrication process down to 0.75 &#956;m size with the tapers is discussed and the measured coupling losses are compared to predictions. Measured coupling loss values for waveguides with 2-D tapers (~1.8 dB) show a significant improvement over those for waveguides with 1-D tapers (~4 dB) or no tapers (~8 dB), and are in excellent agreement with predictions. A qualitative analysis of the Free Carrier Absorption (FCA) phenomenon in narrow silicon waveguides that suppresses the Raman amplification and SBS is also shown.
Figure S6 from Vaccination with Designed Neopeptides Induces Intratumoral, Cross-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TILs do not respond to N-class I-peptides. TILs were stimulated with 5- or 10 μM N-class I-peptides for 5 days. 5 replicate wells were tested for proliferation, and proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. The proliferation strength is depicted as SI. (#) indicates the peptide that was used in the 1st to 4th vaccinations. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.&lt;/p&gt;
High-resolution spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K transitions at 770 nm and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ saturated lines by a solid-state laser at 1.54 μm: toward an optical frequency standard in the optical communication band (2002)

A novel and compact Er-Yb:glass laser was developed and frequency doubled at 770.1 nm; the second harmonic beam was used for high-resolution saturated spectroscopy of the /sup 39/K 4S/sub 1/2/-4P/sub 1/2/ line. A second harmonic power in excess of 15 /spl mu/W, with a conversion efficiency of /spl sim/220% W/sup -1/, was achieved in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. This 770 nm radiation will be used to build an optical frequency standard based on the potassium transition. In addition, saturation spectroscopy of /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ in a low-pressure gas cell inside a Fabry-Perot showed an absorption dip with 1.2 MHz linewidth.
Bioconversion of Acrylonitrile to Acrylic Acid by Rhodococcus ruber Strain AKSH-84 (2011)

A new versatile acrylonitrile-bioconverting strain isolated from a petroleum-contaminated sludge sample and identified as Rhodococcus ruber AKSH-84 was used for optimization of medium and biotransformation conditions for nitrilase activity to produce acrylic acid. A simple and rapid HPLC protocol was optimized for quantification of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile. The optimal medium conditions for nitrilase activity were pH of 7.0, temperature of 30degreesC, agitation of 150 rpm, and inoculum level of 2%. Glycerol as a carbon source and sodium nitrate as the nitrogen source provided good nutritional sources for achieving good biotransformation. Nitrilase activity was constitutive in nature and was in the exponential growth phase after 24 h of incubation under optimal conditions without addition of any inducer. The substrate preference was acrylonitrile and acetonitrile. The present work demonstrates the biotransformation of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid with the new strain, R. ruber AKSH-84, which can be used in green biosynthesis of acrylic acid for biotechnological processes. The nitrilase produced by the isolate was purified and characterized.