gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress of the 40 MW-Class Advanced Humid Air Turbine Tests (2013)

A 40 MW-class test facility has been constructed to verify practicability of applying the advanced humid air turbine (AHAT) system to a heavy-duty gas turbine. Verification tests have been carried out from January 2012, and interaction effects between the key components were established. First, water atomization cooling (WAC) was confirmed to contribute to both increased mass flow rate and pressure ratio for the axial-flow compressor. The good agreement between measured and calculated temperatures at the compressor discharge was also confirmed. These results demonstrated the accuracy of the developed prediction model for the WAC. Second, a control method that realized both flame stability and low nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions was verified. Although the power output and air humidity were lower than the rated values, NOx concentration was about 10 ppm. Finally, a hybrid nozzle cooling system, which utilized both compressor discharged air and humid air, was developed and tested. The metal surface temperatures of the first stage nozzles were measured, and they were kept under the permissible metal temperature. The measured temperatures on the metal surface reasonably corresponded with calculation results.
Temozolomide hydrochloride dihydrate (2012)

The X-ray crystal structure of temozolomide hydrochloride shows that the dihydrate salt contains one neutral temozolomide, one temozolomide-H+Cl−, one H3O+·Cl−, and three water molecules. This is the first crystallographic evidence of a protonated form of the antitumour drug temozolomide. The protonation of water O and imidazole N of the drug are rationalized by calculated pKas.
Learning the Gestalt Rule of Collinearity from Object Motion (2003)

The Gestalt principle of collinearity (and curvilinearity) is widely regarded as being mediated by the long-range connection structure in primary visual cortex. We review the neurophysiological and psychophysical literature to argue that these connections are developed from visual experience after birth, relying on coherent object motion. We then present a neural network model that learns these connections in an unsupervised Hebbian fashion with input from real camera sequences. The model uses spatiotemporal retinal filtering, which is very sensitive to changes in the visual input. We show that it is crucial for successful learning to use the correlation of the transient responses instead of the sustained ones. As a consequence, learning works best with video sequences of moving objects. The model addresses a special case of the fundamental question of what represents the necessary a priori knowledge the brain is equipped with at birth so that the self-organized process of structuring by experience can be successful.
PRKACB variants in skeletal disease or adrenocortical hyperplasia: effects on protein kinase A (2020)

Genetic variants in components of the protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme have been associated with various defects and neoplasms in the context of Carney complex (CNC) and in isolated cases, such as in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas (CPAs), and various cancers. PRKAR1A mutations have been found in subjects with impaired cAMP-dependent signaling and skeletal defects; bone tumors also develop in both humans and mice with PKA abnormalities. We studied the PRKACB gene in 148 subjects with PPNAD and related disorders, who did not have other PKA-related defects and identified two subjects with possibly pathogenic PRKACB gene variants and unusual bone and endocrine phenotypes. The first presented with bone and other abnormalities and carried a de novo c.858_860GAA (p.K286del) variant. The second subject carried the c.899C>T (p.T300M or p.T347M in another isoform) variant and had a PPNAD-like phenotype. Both variants are highly conserved in the PRKACB gene. In functional studies, the p.K286del variant affected PRKACB protein stability and led to increased PKA signaling. The p.T300M variant did not affect protein stability or response to cAMP and its pathogenicity remains uncertain. We conclude that PRKACB germline variants are uncommon but may be associated with phenotypes that resemble those of other PKA-related defects. However, detailed investigation of each variant is needed as PRKACB appears to be only rarely affected in these conditions, and variants such as p.T300M maybe proven to be clinically insignificant, whereas others (such as p.K286del) are clearly pathogenic and may be responsible for a novel syndrome, associated with endocrine and skeletal abnormalities.
Biocompatibility and Cytotoxic Evaluation of New Sorbent Cartridges for Blood Hemoperfusion (2018)

Our in vitro testing suggests that HA cartridges carry an optimal level of biocompatibility and their use in HP is not associated with adverse reactions or signs of cytotoxicity.
IDDF2019-ABS-0174 Targeting monocyte-intrinsic enhancer reprogramming improves immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly developed in fibrotic/cirrhotic liver, exhibits relatively low responsiveness to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. As myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is pivotal for immunosuppression, we investigated its role and regulation in the fibrotic microenvironment with an aim of developing mechanism-based combination immunotherapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Functional significance of MDSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry using two orthotopic HCC models in fibrotic liver setting via carbon tetrachloride or high-fat high-carbohydrate diet, and verified by clinical specimens. Mechanistic studies were conducted in the human hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture systems and fibrotic-HCC patient-derived MDSCs. The efficacy of single or combined therapy with anti-programmed death-1-ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1) and a clinically-trialed BET bromodomain inhibitor i-BET762 was determined. <h3>Results</h3> Accumulation of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), but not polymorphonuclear MDSCs, in fibrotic livers significantly correlated with reduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and increased tumorigenicity in both mouse models. In human HCCs, the tumor-surrounding fibrotic livers were markedly enriched with M-MDSC, with its surrogate marker CD33 significantly associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor survival rates. Mechanistically, activated HSCs induced monocyte-intrinsic p38 MAPK signaling to trigger enhancer reprogramming for M-MDSC development and immunosuppression. Treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor abrogated HSC-M-MDSC crosstalk to prevent HCC growth. Concomitant with patient-derived M-MDSC suppression by i-BET762, combined treatment with anti-PD-L1 synergistically enhanced TILs, resulting in tumor eradication and prolonged survival in the fibrotic-HCC mouse model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results signify how non-tumor intrinsic properties in the desmoplastic microenvironment can be exploited to reinstate immunosurveillance, providing readily translatable combination strategies to empower HCC immunotherapy (figure 1). <h3>Acknowledgement</h3> This project is supported by the University Grants Committee through the Collaborative Research Fund (C4045–18W) and the Theme-based Research Scheme (T11–706/18-N), the Health and Medical Research Fund (16170451), the Terry Fox Foundation, the Focused Innovations Scheme-Scheme B (1907309) from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Li Ka Shing Foundation (Canada). Man Liu is supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
Reconstructing the InSight HP3 hammering seismic signals beyond the Nyquist frequency (2019)

ISSN:1029-7006
Development of a Civil Infrastructure Resilience Assessment Framework (2019)

Recent disruptive events, such as earthquakes or floods, have caused severe damage to civil infrastructural systems. Thus, there is a need to extend the focus of traditional design practices to consider resilience-based design approaches which can help in defining preventive actions and measures to mitigate the consequences caused by such disruptive events. This paper presents a Civil Infrastructure Resilience Assessment Framework (CIRAF) to assess the seismic fragility and resilience of a single or interconnected civil infrastructural systems following a disruptive event. Once the information regarding the infrastructural system, hazards, fragility databases, components damage state correlation, recovery models, and upgrade models are identified, then the framework can be used to quantify the loss of functionality, recovery time, repair cost, and overall resilience following an extreme event. Bayesian models are used to evaluate the probability of failure of a system, which consists of layers of sub-systems and components. A state-of-the-art engineering tool is also developed using the framework that would enable the stakeholders to compare different upgrade strategies through an easy to use web interface and thus easing the decision-making process. A simplified infrastructural system consisting of 3 components is illustrated in this paper using the CIRAF framework.
Malignant Transformation of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Case Report and Literature Review (2013)

In recent years we have seen an increase in the frequency of cesarean sections. We present a case report of an endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis in a patient with a history of cesarean sections and describe its diagnostic and therapeutic management.
Multi Target Video Tracking Using Residual Vector Quantization. (2010)

Boronic acid was used to accelerate a three-component reaction of indoles, thiols, and glyoxylic acids for the synthesis of α-sulfanyl-substituted indole-3-acetic acids. Boronic acid catalysis to activate the α-hydroxy group in α-hydroxycarboxylic acid intermediates and intramolecular assistance by free carboxylic acid were the keys to accelerating the product formation.
The Effect of the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict on Virtual Hand Pointing in Immersive Displays (2022)

Previous work hypothesized that for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) displays a mismatch between disparities and optical focus cues, known as the vergence and accommodation conflict (VAC), affects depth perception and thus limits user performance in 3D selection tasks within arm’s reach (peri-personal space). To investigate this question, we built a multifocal stereo display, which can eliminate the influence of the VAC for pointing within the investigated distances. In a user study, participants performed a virtual hand 3D selection task with targets arranged laterally or along the line of sight, with and without a change in visual depth, in display conditions with and without the VAC. Our results show that the VAC influences 3D selection performance in common VR and AR stereo displays and that multifocal displays have a positive effect on 3D selection performance with a virtual hand.
Generic Prediction Architecture Considering both Rational and Irrational Driving Behaviors (2019)

Accurately predicting future behaviors of surrounding vehicles is an essential capability for autonomous vehicles in order to plan safe and feasible trajectories. The behaviors of others, however, are full of uncertainties. Both rational and irrational behaviors exist, and the autonomous vehicles need to be aware of this in their prediction module. The prediction module is also expected to generate reasonable results in the presence of unseen and corner scenarios. Two types of prediction models are typically used to solve the prediction problem: learning-based model and planning-based model. Learning-based model utilizes real driving data to model the human behaviors. Depending on the structure of the data, learning-based models can predict both rational and irrational behaviors. But the balance between them cannot be customized, which creates challenges in generalizing the prediction results. Planning-based model, on the other hand, usually assumes human as a rational agent, i.e., it anticipates only rational behavior of human drivers. In this paper, a generic prediction architecture is proposed to address various rationalities in human behavior. We leverage the advantages from both learning-based and planning-based prediction models. The proposed approach is able to predict continuous trajectories that well-reflect possible future situations of other drivers. Moreover, the prediction performance remains stable under various unseen driving scenarios. A case study under a real-world roundabout scenario is provided to demonstrate the performance and capability of the proposed prediction architecture.
Pupil Reaction: A Valid Sensitive Clinical Biomarker for 5‐HT1A Compounds (2005)

Pupil reaction is determined by light-evoked pupillography, a simple, non-invasive, valid method to quantify pharmacodynamic effects on the autonomic and central nervous system (Boettcher 1999). The influence of the partial 5-HT1A-agonist ipsapirone was studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-way cross-over design at multiple oral doses of 40 mg, 80 mg and 120 mg (CR) once daily over 4 days in 12 healthy male subjects aged 18–45 years. Repinotan (BAY ×3702, a potent selective full serotonine (5-HT1A) receptor agonist, CYP450 2D6 substrate) was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way cross-over dose escalation study at single oral doses of 125 μg, 250 μg, 500 μg, 750 μg, 1000 μg, 1500 μg and 2000 μg in a total of 65 healthy male subjects aged 18–45 years. The effect of both 5-HT1A-agonists on pupil reaction was investigated by means of light-evoked pupillography (PupilscanTM). The initial pupil diameter and reflex amplitude were related to plasma concentration of the respective unchanged drug and compared to body temperature and quantitative pharmaco-EEG (QPEEG). All studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines on Good Clinical Practice. Both 5-HT1A receptor agonists induced miotic pupil reaction. After ipsapirone treatment initial pupil-diameter showed a dose-related reduction. Maximum effects of −1.77 mm±0.28 mm (mean±S.E.M.) and of −0.63 mm±0.29 mm were observed 8 hr (day 1) and 2–4 hr (day 4) after treatment. Reflex amplitude showed a significant reduction (−0.40±0.14 mm) 8 hr after first treatment only. After the administration of repinotan, initial pupil-diameter showed a significant miotic reduction between 0.5 to 1.5 hr after doses of 500 μg and higher. The maximum reduction of about 1.7 mm was observed 0.5 hr after the administration of 1000, 1500 and 2000 μg repinotan. However, no dose-related reduction of initial pupil diameter was found. In contrast, there was a significant relationship between the reduction in initial pupil diameter and plasma concentration of repinotan. The initial diameter showed a nearly linear reduction at plasma concentrations between 4 to 35 μg/l. The reflex amplitude significantly decreased at repinotan plasma concentrations higher than 13 μg/l. EEG measurements performed after the administration of 2.0 mg repinotan showed a significant increase of α1-activity accompanied by a decrease of α2-activity after 1.5 hr after administration at a repinotan plasma concentration of 29.3±1.5 μg/l. Sublingual body temperature showed a significant reduction at repinotan plasma concentrations >15 μg/l. As demonstrated for other 5-HT1A agonists (e.g. buspirone, gepirone), ipsapirone and repinotan show a reduction of pupil diameter. For repinotan, light-evoked pupillography is more sensitive than hypothermia and QPEEG. Therefore, light-evoked pupillography may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for 5-HT1A class effects.
Some issues in protocol implementation testing (1984)

Communication between various makes of communication equipment and across international boundaries is becoming easier due to the continuing development of international standards on communication protocols, such as those defined by ISO for Open Systems Interworking (OSI). Although the agreement to use standard protocols by the various parties involved is the first necessary step towards OSI, it is not sufficient without assuring that the protocols be correctly implemented in the communication equipment. The assessment of the adherence of a communication protocol implementation to its specification relies on testing as its main tool. The development of the tests and their application (the architecture of the test system) have properties and constraints which make them different from those currently created for testing hardware and software systems. In the remainder of the presentation, these constraints and problems as related to the successful development of a protocol test system will be reviewed. They will be separated into those aspects which pertain more to the form of the test support system (the system architecture), and to those which influence the selection of effective test interaction sequences. This division is slightly arbitrary, for some of the issues have effect on both of the above components of the test system.
Upper limb joint angle tracking with inertial sensors (2011)

Wearable inertial systems have recently been used to track human movement in and outside of the laboratory. Continuous monitoring of human movement can provide valuable information relevant to individual's level of physical activity and functional ability. Traditionally, orientation has been calculated by integrating the angular velocity from gyroscopes. However, a small drift in the measured velocity leads to large integration errors that grow with time. To compensate for that drift, complementary data from accelerometers are normally fused into the tracking systems using the Kalman or extended Kalman filter (EKF). In this study, we combine kinematic models designed for control of robotic arms with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to continuously estimate the angles of human shoulder and elbow using two wearable sensors. This methodology can easily be generalized to track other human joints. We validate the method with an optical motion tracking system and demonstrate correlation consistently greater than 0.9 between the two systems.
Sensing Metabolic Signals with Nascent RNA Transcripts: The T Box and S Box Riboswitches as Paradigms (2006)

Recent studies in a variety of bacterial systems have revealed a number of regulatory systems in which the 5' region of a gene plays a key role in regulation of the downstream coding sequences. These RNA regions act in cis to determine if the full-length transcript will be synthesized or if the coding sequence(s) will be translated. Each class of system includes an RNA element whose structure is modulated in response to a specific regulatory signal, and the signals measured can include small molecules, small RNAs (including tRNA), and physical parameters such as temperature. Multiple sets of genes can be regulated by a particular mechanism, and multiple systems of this type, each of which responds to a specific signal, can be present in a single organism. In addition, different classes of RNA elements can be found that respond to a particular signal, indicating the existence of multiple alternate solutions to the same regulatory problem. The T box and S box systems, which respond to uncharged tRNA and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), respectively, provide paradigms of two systems of this type.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Vibrating-Mesh Nebulizer Repeatedly Use over 28 Days (2020)

This in vitro study evaluates the performance of a disposable vibrating-mesh nebulizer when used for 28 days. A lung model was used to simulate the breathing pattern of an adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vibrating-mesh nebulizer was used for three treatments/day over 28 days without cleaning after each test. Results showed that the inhaled drug dose was similar during four weeks of use (<i>p</i> = 0.157), with 16.73 ± 4.46% at baseline and 15.29 ± 2.45%, 16.21 ± 2.21%, 17.56 ± 1.98%, and 17.13 ± 1.81%, after the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, respectively. The particle size distribution, residual drug volume, and nebulization time remained similar across four weeks of use (<i>p</i> = 0.110, <i>p</i> = 0.763, and <i>p</i> = 0.573, respectively). Mesh was inspected using optical microscopy and showed that approximately 50% of mesh pores were obscured after 84 runs, and light penetration through the aperture plate was significantly reduced after the 21st use (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with no correlation to nebulizer performance. We conclude that the vibrating-mesh nebulizer delivered doses of salbutamol solution effectively over four weeks without cleaning after each use even though the patency and clarity of the aperture plate were reduced by the first week of use.
DEPENDENCE OF TIBIAL POST CONTACT FORCES IN POSTERIOR-STABILIZED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY ON IMPLANT DESIGN, ALIGNMENT AND ACTIVITY (2019)

Posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), wherein mechanical engagement of the femoral cam and tibial post prevents abnormal anterior sliding of the knee, is a proven surgical techni...
Divisorial and geometric gonality of higher-rank tropical curves (2021)

We consider a variant of metrised graphs where the edge lengths take values in a commutative monoid, as a higher-rank generalisation of the notion of a tropical curve. Divisorial gonality, which Baker and Norine defined on combinatorial graphs in terms of a chip firing game, is extended to these monoid-metrised graphs. We define geometric gonality of a monoid-metrised graph as the minimal degree of a horizontally conformal, non-degenerate morphism onto an monoid-metrised tree, and prove that geometric gonality is an upper bound for divisorial gonality in the monoid-metrised case. We also show the existence of a subdivision of the underlying graph whose gonality is no larger than the monoid-metrised gonality. We relate this to the minimal degree of a map between logarithmic curves.
Supplementary Table Legends 1-6 from Tumor Engraftment in Nude Mice and Enrichment in Stroma- Related Gene Pathways Predict Poor Survival and Resistance to Gemcitabine in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

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Capacity Loss Due to Polarization-Mismatch and Space-Correlation on MISO Channel (2014)

This paper analyzes the effects of polarization-mismatch and space-correlation to a multiple-input and single-output (MISO) channel which is observable in the near future cellular communications environments such as large-scale antenna arrays and small cells. The analysis is based on a polarization-mismatched and space-correlated MISO channel which is modeled from the conventional dual-polarized channel. In the MISO channel, polarization-mismatch is described by the polarization-mismatch angle which is uniformly distributed from 0 to the maximum polarization-mismatch angle and space-correlation is described by the exponential correlation model. Assuming high SNR, approximate expressions of the ergodic capacity are derived as a function of the transmit power, number of transmit antennas, maximum polarization-mismatch angle, and space-correlation coefficient in four representative environments: narrowly or widely spread polarization-mismatch angles and slightly or highly correlated channels. Further, the capacity loss introduced by polarization-mismatch and space-correlation is derived with respect to the maximum polarization-mismatch angle and space-correlation coefficient. It is shown that the capacity loss introduced by polarization-mismatch is upper bounded by 2 bit/s/Hz. Whereas, the capacity loss introduced by space-correlation increase with the number of transmit antennas and is upper bounded by 0.832 bit/s/Hz. Required resources to compensate for the capacity loss is derived as well.