gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HC quench layer formation in combustion processes. Technical progress report, May-November 1980 (1980)

Objective is to understand wall quenching and other processes responsible for surface generated hydrocarbons in combustion under engine-like conditions. The study concerns the effects of turbulence on the evolution of hydrocarbons. The work is divided into three tasks: (1) combustion bomb experiments to measure the effect of turbulence on the chemical species near the cold surface; (2) combustion bomb experiments, using a similar turbulence generating device, to fully characterize the flow and turbulence in the vicinity of the quenching surface; and (3) an analytical study to characterize fluid mechanical scales of interest in the boundary layer and to find an analytical solution to describe the evolution of the layer.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Endothelial Thermotolerance Impairs Nanoparticle Transport in Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend for Supplementary Figures S1-S10.&lt;/p&gt;
A Robust Fluorescence Multiplex Immunoassay Biosensor Designed for Field Applications (2007)

A novel portable fluorescence-based biosensor designed for field applications has been developed and successfully applied to the determination of two analytes, a neuropeptide model Substance P, and a small toxin Aflatoxin BI. A competitive immunoassay format called SPIT-FRI for Solid-Phase Immobilized Tripod for Fluorescent Renewable Immunoassay is used. The simplicity and robustness of the system apparatus is shown. Results clearly illustrate the assets of the developed array biosensor, by allowing in a portable instrument (i) simple regeneration steps, (ii) real-time monitoring, and (iii) multiplex detection thanks to a localized and cumulative fluorescence measurement.
A new method for forming ZnTe contacts for CdTe cells (solar cells) (2002)

An electrochemical technique (galvanic) has been developed for directly depositing ZnTe films doped with Cu onto evaporated CdTe/CdS/ITO/glass substrates to form a semitransparent p/sup +/ contact to the CdTe. The CdTe/CdS/ITO/glass substrates were placed in a solution containing ZnCl/sub 2/ and dissolved TeO/sub 2/, and were short circuited externally to a Zn electrode. Uniform, single-phase ZnTe films were obtained for specific pH, temperature, and concentration regimes of the reacting ions. Copper doping of the ZnTe films was achieved by adding an appropriate amount of Cu/sup +2/ ions complexed with triethanolamine to the solution. The results of ZnTe:Cu/CdTe/CdS solar cells fabricated using this method are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Efficient Adaptive Beamforming Technique with Pattern Control Ability (2006)

In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm, which can achieve beampattern control and adaptive beamforming at the same time. Our proposed algorithm is computationally efficient because it avoids the calculation of matrix inverse which is often required by conventional beampattern synthesis algorithms. Besides this advantage, the new algorithm is superior in being able to shape the sidelobe region which is left uncontrolled by other adaptive beamforming algorithms. In addition, householder transform (HT) is applied to further reduce the computational load. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm has the ability of nulling out interferences and maintaining a well-shaped beampattern simultaneously.
Universality of Zener tunneling in homojunction p-n diodes (2010)

We show that in homojunction p-n diodes made of semiconductors with unequal electron and hole effective masses, Zener tunneling is approximately universal, but not perfectly universal, as a function of effective tunneling width, where the effective tunneling width takes the effects of band curvature into account. We find that the curvature correction (CC), which is applied to obtain the approximate universality of tunneling, is by itself not universal but show that (1−CC)∕N2 is universal as a function of the tunneling width for a given material, where N is the doping density.
Low-Level Light in Combination with Metabolic Modulators for Effective Therapy of Injured Brain (2015)

Vascular damage occurs frequently at the injured brain causing hypoxia and is associated with poor outcomes in the clinics. We found high levels of glycolysis, reduced adenosine triphosphate generation, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in neurons under hypoxia. Strikingly, these adverse events were reversed significantly by noninvasive exposure of injured brain to low-level light (LLL). Low-level light illumination sustained the mitochondrial membrane potential, constrained cytochrome c leakage in hypoxic cells, and protected them from apoptosis, underscoring a unique property of LLL. The effect of LLL was further bolstered by combination with metabolic substrates such as pyruvate or lactate both in vivo and in vitro. The combinational treatment retained memory and learning activities of injured mice to a normal level, whereas other treatment displayed partial or severe deficiency in these cognitive functions. In accordance with well-protected learning and memory function, the hippocampal region primarily responsible for learning and memory was completely protected by combination treatment, in marked contrast to the severe loss of hippocampal tissue because of secondary damage in control mice. These data clearly suggest that energy metabolic modulators can additively or synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect of LLL in energy-producing insufficient tissue-like injured brain.
An 11-amino acid β-hairpin loop in the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 is responsible for ankyrin binding in mouse erythrocytes (2007)

The best-studied cytoskeletal system is the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane, which provides an erythrocyte with the structural support needed to be stable yet flexible as it passes through the circulation. Current structural models predict that the spectrin-actin-based cytoskeletal network is attached to the plasma membrane through interactions of the protein ankyrin, which binds to both spectrin and the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane protein band 3. The crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 predicted that the ankyrin binding site was located on a beta-hairpin loop in the cytoplasmic domain. In vitro, deletion of this loop eliminated ankyrin affinity for band 3 without affecting any other protein-band 3 interaction. To evaluate the importance of the ankyrin-band 3 linkage to membrane properties in vivo, we generated mice with the nucleotides encoding the 11-aa beta-hairpin loop in the mouse Slc4a1 gene replaced with sequence encoding a diglycine bridge. Mice homozygous for the loop deletion were viable with mildly spherocytic and osmotically fragile erythrocytes. In vitro, homozygous ld/ld erythrocytes were incapable of binding ankyrin, but contrary to all previous predictions, abolishing the ankyrin-band 3 linkage destabilized the erythrocyte membrane to a lesser degree than complete deficiencies of either band 3 or ankyrin. Our data indicate that as yet uncharacterized interactions between other membrane proteins must significantly contribute to linkage of the spectrin-actin-based membrane cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
High-resolution QSM for functional and structural depiction of subthalamic nuclei in DBS presurgical mapping (2018)

For 3-T MRI, submillimeter QSM provides accurate delineation of the functional and anatomical STN features for DBS targeting.
SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial derived cells and cardiomyocytes (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 emergence in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic that has had devastating effects on human health and the economy. Early innate immune responses are essential for protection against virus invasion. While inadequate innate immune responses are associated with severe COVID-19 diseases, understanding of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host antiviral pathways is minimal. We have characterized the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections in relevant respiratory tract derived cells and cardiomyocytes and found that SARS-CoV-2 activates two antiviral pathways, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR), while inducing minimal levels of interferon. This in contrast to MERS-CoV which inhibits all three pathways. Activation of these pathways may contribute to the distinctive pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid before and after intrathecal injection of steroid into patients with postherpetic pain (2012)

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most frequent complication of herpes zoster, and the risk of it increases with age. By comparing proteomes of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before and after the treatment, it may be possible to identify proteins that play a role in PHN and to predict responses to various treatments. To address this issue, we enrolled eight outpatients with PHN over 55 years of age and treated them with intrathecal methylprednisolone and lidocaine four times every week, collecting CSF samples before the treatment at each visit. We used 2D DIGE to investigate differentially expressed proteins in the CSF before and after repetitive treatments individually. Of 145 differentially expressed spots, the levels of nine proteins were decreased by the treatment including lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), and five were increased by it. The time course of alterations in the L-PGDS concentration in the CSF of each patient, detected by a pairwise and sandwich ELISA by SPR constructed here was well correlated with that by 1DE Western blots with anti-L-PGDS antibody, but was not related with that of the pain relief. The present study demonstrates that the real-time ELISA was precise and sensitive enough to measure L-PGDS in the CSF and that the steroid treatment decreased the L-PGDS concentration in CSF.
Association of TNF-α gene with spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage in the Taiwan population: a case control study (2010)

In the Taiwan population, the associations of genetic variations in the TNF-alpha gene promoter with SDICH risks are gender-dependent.
Decentralized linear transceiver design in coordinated multi-cell multiuser MIMO systems (2012)

This paper considers a downlink linear transmit and receive beamformer design in a coordinated multi-cell network where each multiantenna base station (BS) serves its own set of multiple antenna users. Optimization objective is to minimize sum transmission power among coordinated BSs while satisfying user specific minimum SINR targets. The problem is jointly non-convex in transmit and receive beamformers. Hence, even in a centralized case only a local optimal solution can be found by alternating optimization in which the transmit and receive beamformers are updated consecutively. The problem becomes even more complicated for a decentralized case since even if the channels from the BS to the neighboring cells' users are known, the receivers they are employing may not be. In order to obtain a decentralized implementation, each BS assumes worst case receivers for other cells' users when designing its own users' beamformers. Using this design approach, user specific SINR targets can be guaranteed using only local channel state information at each BS and some limited backhaul signaling among coordinated BSs. The proposed decentralized transceiver design algorithm is solved by repeating the following two optimization steps separately at each BS: transmit and receive beamformer optimization via alternating optimization and inter-cell interference power optimization via primal decomposition. Decentralized implementation comes at a cost of somewhat increased sum power compared to the centralized case. Numerical examples demonstrate fast convergence and significant gain over MISO system when SINR targets are low.
Thermally stimulated depolarization current spectra of cross‐linked polyethylene and the influence of cross‐linking byproducts (2020)

Abstract Cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) is notable for its use as power cable insulation. Its longevity is limited by space charge buildup linked to impurities such as the byproducts left behind by the cross‐linking agent dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The goal of this work is to determine the impacts of these byproducts on charge trapping and detrapping in XLPE using the thermally stimulated depolarization current technique. XLPE with byproducts has one source of trapped charge, which originates from the byproducts. XLPE that was thermally treated via degassing exhibits two other sources of trapped charge, which are charge injection and dipolar relaxations. Oxidation from degassing was shown to control the trapping from these sources, which is useful knowledge for processing this material prior to its use. Reintroducing acetophenone, one of the major byproducts of DCP, suppresses those two peaks once more, showing that it controls the overall space charge buildup characteristics in XLPE.
Growth and characterization of ZnO nanowires for optical applications (2013)

In the present work, cerium oxide CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method and used for the growth of ZnO nanorods. The synthesized nanoparticles were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were used as the seed layer for the growth of ZnO nanorods by following the hydrothermal growth method. The structural study of ZnO nanorods was carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and XRD techniques. This study demonstrated that the grown ZnO nanorods are well aligned, uniform, of good crystal quality and have diameters of less than 200 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the ZnO nanorods are composed only of zinc, cerium as the seed atom, and oxygen atoms, with no other impurities in the grown nanorods. Moreover, a photoluminescence (PL) approach was applied for the optical characterization, and it was observed that the near-band-edge (NBE) emission was the same as that of the zinc acetate seed layer, however the green and orange/red emission peaks were slightly raised due to possibly higher levels of defects in the cerium oxide seeded ZnO nanorods. This study provides an alternative approach for the controlled synthesis of ZnO nanorods using cerium oxide nanoparticles as the seed nucleation layer, improving both the morphology of the nanorods and the performance of devices based upon them.
Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution (2010)

A fundamental limit to existing optical techniques for measurementand manipulation of spin degrees of freedom is set by diffraction, which does not allow spins separated by less than about a quarter of a micrometre to be resolved using conventional far-field optics. Here, we report an efficient far-field optical technique that overcomes the limiting role of diffraction, allowing individual electronic spins to be detected, imaged and manipulated coherently with nanoscale resolution. The technique involves selective flipping of the orientation of individual spins, associated with nitrogen-vacancy centres in room-temperature diamond, using a focused beam of light with intensity vanishing at a controllable location, which enables simultaneous single-spin imaging and magnetometry at the nanoscale with considerably less power than conventional techniques. Furthermore, by inhibiting spin transitions away from the laser intensity null, selective coherent rotation of individual spins is realized. This technique can be extended to subnanometre dimensions, thus enabling applications in diverse areas ranging from quantum information science to bioimaging.
Kinetic and mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllums, a novel class of non-nucleoside inhibitors. (1994)

Inophyllums are novel non-nucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 reverse transcriptase identified through an enzyme screening program and isolated from the plant Calophyllum inophyllum. The kinetics of reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllum B were characterized using recombinant purified enzyme, a heteropolymeric RNA template, and a scintillation proximity assay. Preincubation of inhibitor with the enzyme-template-primer complex for 11 min was required for maximal inhibition of reverse transcriptase to occur, suggesting that inophyllum B had a slow on-rate and that template-primer must bind to reverse transcriptase prior to inhibitor binding. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase by inophyllums was shown to be reversible. When thymidine triphosphate was the variable substrate, inophyllum B inhibited reverse transcriptase noncompetitively with a Ki of 42 nM. Enzyme inhibition with respect to template-primer was uncompetitive with a Ki of 26 nM. Reverse transcriptase enzymes containing point mutations in which tyrosine 181 was changed to either cysteine or isoleucine exhibited marginal resistance to inophyllums but were resistant to (+)-(5S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-9-chloro-5-methyl-6- (3-methyl-2-butenyl)-imidazo[4,5,1-j,k][1,4]benzodiazepin-2-(1H)-t hione (TIBO R82913). A mutant enzyme in which tyrosine 188 was changed to leucine was cross-resistant to both inophyllum B and TIBO R82913, as was HIV type 2 reverse transcriptase. These studies suggest that inophyllum B and TIBO R82913 bind to distinct but overlapping sites. Inhibition of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase by inophyllum B was detectible, suggesting that these inhibitors may be more promiscuous than other previously described non-nucleoside inhibitors. Inophyllums were active against HIV type 1 in cell culture with IC50 values of approximately 1.5 microM. These studies imply that the inophyllums have a novel mechanism of interaction with reverse transcriptase and as such could conceivably play a role in combination therapy.
Thermal and X‐ray investigations of ethylene–α‐olefin copolymers obtained with highly active supported Ti–Mg and V–Mg catalysts (1994)

Abstract Copolymers of ethylene with propylene, butene‐1 and hexene‐1 were prepared using a titanium–magnesium (TMC) or a vanadium–magnesium catalyst (VMC). The copolymers were examined for thermal stability by TGA, melting and crystallization behaviour by DSC and crystallinity by XRD. Fractionated samples of ethylene–hexene‐1 copolymers were also similarly characterized. Results indicate that VMC produces copolymers with a higher degree of crystallinity and greater compositional homogeneity than TMC.
φC31 Integrase-Mediated Nonviral Genetic Correction of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (2003)

Patients afflicted with severe laminin 5-deficient junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) often die in infancy with massive cutaneous blistering. Prior approaches to genetically correct this disorder have relied on stable integration of wild-type LAMB3 sequences, using retroviral vectors. To develop a nonviral approach to JEB gene therapy, we used the phiC31 integrase, which mediates unidirectional genomic integration of plasmids containing a specific attB site. An attB-containing laminin 5 beta3 expression plasmid was integrated into the genomes of primary keratinocytes from four unrelated, genetically characterized JEB patients. phiC31 integrase supported genomic integration into epidermal progenitor cells. Regeneration of human skin on immunedeficient mice, using these cells, produced human skin tissue with restored laminin 5 expression. Furthermore, corrected JEB tissue restored hemidesmosome formation and abolished histologic evidence of subepidermal blistering. These findings provide an approach to durable nonviral correction of JEB.
Gender-based differences in platelet function and platelet reactivity to P2Y12 inhibitors (2019)

Our findings confirm that women have a larger platelet count than men, and that this is associated to a trend towards a higher platelet reactivity. HTPR is largely represented in women with a high platelet count. This generates the hypothesis that women requiring P2Y12 inhibitors could potentially benefit from larger doses of drug or should be treated with anti-platelet agents with a low rate of HTPR.
Supplementary Figure Legend from mTOR Inhibition Improves Antitumor Effects of Vaccination with Antigen-Encoding RNA (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 63K&lt;/p&gt;
Fractionated radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) for enhanced cumulative radiation delivery in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). (2010)

e14502 Background: A single dose of 90Y-labeled anti-mucin humanized mAb, clivatuzumab tetraxetan (90Y-hPAM4), showed transient objective antitumor activity in APC, but hematological toxicity limited 90Y to 20 mCi/m2. Fractionated RAIT may deliver higher total 90Y doses for enhanced outcome with acceptable hematological toxicity. Methods: A phase I/II trial in untreated, inoperable, stage 3/4 APC administered 200 mg/m2 Gem once-weekly × 4 with 90Y-hPAM4 on wks 2-4 and 111In-hPAM4 on wk 1 for radiation dosimetry estimates. The 90Y-dose was escalated by a 3+3 cohort design, with tumor responses assessed after each cycle, and cycles repeated until progression or unacceptable NCI-CTCv3 toxicity. Radiation doses determined by MIRD methods were compared to standard limits of 2-3,000 cGy for liver, kidney, lung and 300 cGy for red marrow. Results: Twenty-seven pts (10F/17M, 40-75 yrs, ECOG 0-1, 24 stage 4) received 90Y doses of 6.5 (n = 4), 9 (n = 4), 12 (n = 14) and 15 (n = 5) mCi/m2 × 3, including 11 pts retreated with 1-3 additional cycles. Fractionation allowed cumulative 90Y doses up to 45 mCi/m2 with cycle 1 and 90 mCi/m2 with repeated cycles, a 2- and 4-fold increase, respectively, over that achieved previously with a single dose. Treatment was well-tolerated with few non-hematological side effects. Median estimated cumulative radiation doses were below standard limits for liver, lungs and kidneys, but elevated for red marrow (range, 547- 597 cGy). Grade 3-4 plts or ANC developed in 10/23 (43%) pts now evaluated after cycle 1 and 9/9 (100%) retreated pts after their last cycle. Hematologic suppression was reversible without major infections or bleeding events, except for 3 pts after repeated cycles, one with extensive marrow tumor infiltration. Of 22 pts now with responses assessed by CT, 5 pts (23%) achieved PRs by RECIST criteria, while 10 pts (45%) had SD as best response. Conclusions: Fractionated 90Y-hPAM4, given as an outpatient treatment, allowed delivery of total 90Y doses several-fold higher than as a single dose, including repeated treatments. In combination with low-dose Gem, there was therapeutic activity, with manageable hematological toxicity in most pts, even after 4 cycles. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Immunomedics Immunomedics Immunomedics