gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence Films by Hybridization of CuInS<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals and Polyacrylates (2019)

In this report, we describe the facile fabrication procedure of a flexible photoluminescence (PL) film of CuInS2 nanocrystals (CIS NCs) embedded in polyacrylates. The CIS NCs with the sizes of 2.2±0.5 nm were synthesized by simple pyrolysis of low-toxic Cu and In acetate precursors in 1-octadecene, and successively were dispersed in a mixture of acrylate monomers. Irradiation of the mixture with UV light brought about the formation of a clear PL film of polyacrylates hybridized with CIS NCs. Moreover, we found excellent mechanical flexibility of the hybrid film. The present report opens promising ways to impart unique photonic devices by combining the inorganic NCs and photopolymers.
Defects and Abnormal Characteristics of Induction Hardened Components (2014)

Abstract Induction hardening involves multiple processing steps of heating and quenching which presents opportunity for errors and defects. This article discusses the common problems associated with induction hardening of shafts as well as the methods to diagnose, inspect, and prevent them. In addition to the major defects such as laps and seams that remain after induction hardening, microstructural transformation, decarburization, residual stress, and grain size, as well as variations in carbon content, composition, or microstructure can also affect the hardened part.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐γ‐Lycorane. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement of dielectron production in central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV (2019)

The first measurement of dielectron (${\mathrm{e}}^{+}{\mathrm{e}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) production in central $(0--10%)$ Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathit{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}$ at the LHC is presented. The dielectron invariant-mass spectrum is compared to the expected contributions from hadron decays in the invariant-mass range $0&lt;{m}_{\mathrm{ee}}&lt;3.5\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathit{c}}^{2}$. The ratio of data and the cocktail of hadronic contributions without vacuum ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ is measured in the invariant-mass range $0.15&lt;{m}_{\mathrm{ee}}&lt;0.7\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathit{c}}^{2}$, where an excess of dielectrons is observed in other experiments, and its value is $1.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(\mathrm{syst}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.27\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(\mathrm{cocktail})$. The dielectron spectrum measured in the invariant mass range $0&lt;{m}_{\mathrm{ee}}&lt;1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathit{c}}^{2}$ is consistent with the predictions from two theoretical model calculations that include thermal dielectron production from both partonic and hadronic phases with in-medium broadened ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ meson. The fraction of direct virtual photons over inclusive virtual photons is extracted for dielectron pairs with invariant mass $0.1&lt;{m}_{\mathrm{ee}}&lt;0.3\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathit{c}}^{2}$ and in the transverse-momentum intervals $1&lt;{p}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{ee}}&lt;2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c}$ and $2&lt;{p}_{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{ee}}&lt;4\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/\mathit{c}$. The measured fraction of virtual direct photons is consistent with the measurement of real direct photons by ALICE and with the expectations from previous dielectron measurements at RHIC within the experimental uncertainties.
Cryo-TEM Study on Hierarchical Self-assembly of Amelogenin and Regulation of Biomineralization at the Nanoscale (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Odorants differentiate Australian Rattus with increased complexity in sympatry (2020)

Odorant cues play a critical role in premating isolation among many species. In mammals, they have been most well-studied in rodents, but only in a handful of species. The genus Rattus is one of the most species-rich genera of mammals, with a natural distribution from Asia to Australia and a nearly global distribution for a few species that spread through human commensalism. More than one-third of Rattus species are the result of a recent and rapid radiation on continental Australia (Sahul) centred on the island of New Guinea. The two most widespread species resulting from this radiation, Rattus fuscipes and Rattus leucopus, occur sympatrically in the Wet Tropics region of Queensland, Australia. Despite their recent divergence, morphological similarity, and ability to produce fertile offspring in captivity, hybrids of the two species have not been reported in the wild, suggesting that premating isolation mechanisms maintain the species' boundaries. Odorant cues are a plausible mechanism that these species could use to identify mates of the same species, but the chemical composition of their odours has not been characterized. With allozyme data from 166 specimens of the two species we confirmed the absence of gene flow between the species in sympatry. From chemical analysis of preputial glands of 32 males from sympatric and allopatric populations of the two species we identified 120 volatile organic compounds of which 80 were reliably quantitated for statistical analysis. Some of these chemicals have been indicated as signalling compounds in other species of mammals, including seven thiazolines. Among them two (2-sec-butylthiazoline and 2-isopropythiazoline) have been previously detected in a rodent, the House Mouse, Mus musculus, and are involved in social interactions including attracting females. We demonstrate that R. fuscipes and R. leucopus are quantitatively and qualitatively distinguishable by the chemical composition of their preputial gland secretions. In comparison to allopatric subspecies, sympatric species contained more unique chemical compounds and a higher abundance of compounds overall, suggesting that sympatric populations have more complex and concentrated odours. Together these results indicate that odorant chemistry has evolved rapidly in these two species, with substantial differences among species and subspecies, especially in sympatry. Ultimately, the rapid evolution of chemical signals involved in mate recognition may help to explain the exceptional diversity of species in the genus Rattus.
A Clock Synchronizer for Repeaterless Low Swing On-Chip Links (2015)

A clock synchronizing circuit for repeaterless low swing interconnects is presented in this paper. The circuit uses a delay locked loop (DLL) to generate multiple phases of the clock, of which the one closest to the center of the eye is picked by a phase detector loop. The picked phase is then further fine tuned by an analog voltage controlled delay to position the sampling clock at the center of the eye. A clock domain transfer circuit then transfers the sampled data to the receiver clock domain with a maximum latency of three clock cycles. The proposed synchronizer has been designed and fabricated in 130 nm UMC MM CMOS technology. The circuit consumes 1.4 mW from a 1.2 V supply at a data rate of 1.3 Gbps. Further, the proposed synchronizer has been designed and simulated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. Post layout simulations show that the synchronizer consumes 1.5 mW from a 1 V supply, at a data rate of 4 Gbps in this technology.
Inline Interference Mitigation Techniques for Spectral Coexistence of GEO and NGEO Satellites (2013)

peer reviewed
Chemical Methods from A Unified Approach to Targeting the Lysosome's Degradative and Growth Signaling Roles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Chemical Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of the highly oxygenated quassinoid shinjulactone D (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the highly oxygenated quassinoid shinjulactone DRaymond S. Gross, Paul A. Grieco, and Jon L. CollinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 25, 7167–7169Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00025a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00025a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous imaging of cerebral blood flow and partial pressure of oxygen during cortical spreading depression (2008)

We develop a novel imaging technique that provides real-time two-dimensional maps of partial pressure of oxygen and cerebral blood flow in rats and mice by combining phosphorescence lifetime imaging with laser speckle contrast imaging.
PLUMS:  a Program for the Rapid Optimization of Focused Libraries (2000)

PLUMS is a new method to perform rational monomer selection for combinatorial chemistry libraries. The algorithm has been developed to optimize focused libraries with specific two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional properties. A preliminary step is the identification of those molecules in the initial virtual library which satisfy the imposed property constraints; we define these molecules as the virtual hits. From the virtual hits, PLUMS generates a starting library, which is the true combinatorial library that includes all the virtual hits. Monomers are then removed in an iterative fashion, thus reducing the size of the library. At each iteration, the worst monomer is removed. Each sublibrary is selected using a global scoring function, which balances effectiveness and efficiency. The iterative process continues until one is left with a library that consists entirely of virtual hits. The optimal library, which is the best compromise between effectiveness and efficiency, can then be selected according to the score. During the iterative process, equivalent solutions may well occur and are taken into account by the algorithm, according to a user-defined parameter. The number of monomers for each substitution site and the size of the library are parameters that can be either optimized or used to constrain the selection. The results obtained on two test libraries are presented. PLUMS was compared with genetic algorithms (GA) and monomer frequency analysis (MFA), which are widely used for monomer selection. For the two test libraries, PLUMS and GA gave equivalent results. MFA is the fastest method, but it can give misleading solutions. Possible advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed.
Figure S5 from High <i>FGFR1–4</i> mRNA Expression Levels Correlate with Response to Selective FGFR Inhibitors in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5. Relative expression levels of lucitanib-specific RTK targets and ligands in PDX and patient tumors. A) mRNA expression levels of 2544 genes detected by HTG in Pt325 samples (Pre-tt versus On-tt). Highlighted are some differentially expressed genes between both samples, including FGFR1. Data is log-2 transformed. B) and C) Relative mRNA levels of lucitanib-specific RTK targets or cognate ligands in PDX and patient tumors from the MTKI/FGFRi-treated patient cohort from Figure 3D, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
Generation and Classification of Motivational-Interviewing-Style Reflections for Smoking Behaviour Change Using Few-Shot Learning with Transformers (2022)

&lt;p&gt;If conversational agents can take on a therapeutic role, they may provide a scalable way to help many people suffering from addictions. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a validated therapy for behaviour change that can be applied to addiction, including smoking cessation. A core technique in MI (and many other kinds of talk therapy) is to pose an open-ended question concerning a negative behaviour, and then to provide a reflection of the response. Reflections can be a simple restatement of the response, or a more complex inference from prior statements or general knowledge, and they help someone contemplate the behaviour more deeply. We describe a method to generate reflections that uses few-shot priming of the GPT-2 and GPT-3 language models. These produce very promising simple and complex reflections, but also some that are off-topic or irrelevant. To filter these, we train a classifier to detect poor reflections, employing samples labeled by an MI expert. Its accuracy is 81%, sensitivity 90% and specificity 71%. We show that GPT-2 can generate acceptable reflections at a 54% success rate, and when combined with the classifier/filter produces acceptable reflections 73% of the time. The GPT-3 model has a native success rate of 89%. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Novel spot-size converter for optical fiber to sub-&#x03BC;m silicon waveguide coupling with low loss, low wavelength dependence and high tolerance to alignment (2015)

A novel spot-size converter for coupling between a sub-μm silicon waveguide and an optical fiber provides 0.5 dB loss for TE polarization at 1550 nm with minimum wavelength dependence and a path for negligible PDL.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of an Absorption Refrigeration System Using R134/[bmim][PF6] Working Fluid (2013)

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134) and ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), were investigated as a new working fluid pair in an absorption refrigeration system. The R134/[bmim][PF6] pair was compared to previous studies using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and the same IL. The R134/[bmim][PF6] fluid pair had up to 92.3% greater cooling-to-total-energy efficiency than the R134a/[bmim][PF6] fluid pair even though R134 and R134a are isomers and have nearly identical physical properties. The coefficient of performance of the R134/[bmim][PF6] fluid pair was up to 3 times larger than that of the R134a/[bmim][PF6] fluid pair when only waste heat was used at the desorber. A working refrigeration system with R134/[bmim][PF6] was constructed, and the measurements of its performance showed that R134/[bmim][PF6] had 1.9 times larger cooling capability than R134a/[bmim][PF6] at a desorber temperature as low as 63 °C.
Data from Chk2 Phosphorylation of Survivin-ΔEx3 Contributes to a DNA Damage–Sensing Checkpoint in Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Survivin is an oncogene that functions in cancer cell cytoprotection and mitosis. Here we report that differential expression in cancer cells of a C-terminal splice variant of survivin, termed survivin-ΔEx3, is tightly associated with aggressive disease and markers of unfavorable prognosis. In contrast to other survivin variants, survivin-ΔEx3 localized exclusively to nuclei in tumor cells and was phosphorylated at multiple residues by the checkpoint kinase Chk2 during DNA damage. Mutagenesis of the Chk2 phosphorylation sites enhanced the stability of survivin-ΔEx3 in tumor cells, inhibited the expression of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) in response to double-strand DNA breaks, and impaired growth after DNA damage. DNA damage induced Chk2 phosphorylation, stabilization of p53, induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and homologous recombination–induced repair were not affected. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, active Chk2 was detected at the earliest stages of the colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma transition, persisted in advanced tumors, and correlated with increased survivin expression. Together, our findings suggest that Chk2-mediated phosphorylation of survivin-ΔEx3 contributes to a DNA damage–sensing checkpoint that may affect cancer cell sensitivity to genotoxic therapies. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 72(13); 3251–9. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optimizing wavelets for the analysis of fMRI data (2000)

Ruttiman et al. Have proposed to use the wavelet transform for the detection and localization of activation patterns in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Their main idea was to apply a statistical test in the wavelet domain to detect the coefficients that are significantly different form zero. Here, we improve the original method in the case of non-stationary Gaussian noise by replacing the original z-test by a t-test that takes into account the variability of each wavelet coefficient separately. The application of a threshold that is proportional to the residual noise level. After the reconstruction by an inverse wavelet transform, further improves the localization of the activation pattern in the spatial domain.
Capturing the Experience (2015)

This study augments existing evidence to support the appropriateness of expressive writing as an intervention after a breast cancer diagnosis. Further studies should evaluate its feasibility at different time points in survivorship.
Pulmonary Delivery of Nanoparticles of Insoluble, Iodinated CT x-ray coNtrast Agents to Lung Draining Lymph Nodes in Dogs (1998)

Lung cancer continues to be a leading cause of death around the world. Staging of this disease is critically dependent upon the involvement or noninvolvement of the lymph nodes which drain the region of lung containing the lesion/tumor. Palpation, unenhanced CT, and lymph node excision (i.e., mediastinectomy) are currently used to ascertain the status of these regional draining lymph nodes. The work reported herein details the first efforts toward the pulmonary instillation of iodinated nanoparticles for contrast-enhanced CT of lung draining lymph nodes. The data reflect the impact of dose, time post instillation, and formulation (surfactant) upon the observed CT enhancement of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes of beagle dogs. In addition, initial safety is discussed with both macroscopic and microscopic observations. The results indicate that pulmonary instillation of small volumes of iodinated nanoparticles could be successfully used to aid staging of lung cancer by CT imaging.
Multimode vibrational strong coupling in Direct Laser written Mid-IR plasmonic MIM nano-patch antennas (2023)

Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) plasmonic structures can confine electromagnetic waves to a deep subwavelength regime, enabling strong light-matter interactions with potential applications in nonlinear optics and on-chip photonic circuitry. In addition, strong coupling of mid-infrared (mid-IR) vibrational transitions to optical cavities provides a way to modify and control a material's chemical reactivity and may also allow for highly sensitive chemical detection technology. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the mid-IR optical properties of 3D-printed, nanoscale, anisotropic, L-shaped MIM plasmonic cavities. We observe strong vibrational-plasmon coupling between the two dipolar modes of the L-cavity and the polymer dielectric. The resulting three polariton modes are well described by a multimode coupled oscillator model, which we employ to predict the polariton behavior as a function of cavity arm length. The 3D printing technique offers time and cost reduction advantages over typical electron beam lithography and represents a highly accessible and versatile means of printing arbitrary-shaped nanometer-sized mid-IR plasmonic cavities capable of producing strong light-matter interactions for a variety of photonic or photochemical applications.
HIGHER DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF CROSS-COUPLED OSCILLATORS AND APPLICATION TO DESIGN (2010)

We present four-dimensional and five-dimensional models for classical cross-coupled LC oscillators. Using these models, sinusoidal oscillation condition, frequency and amplitude can be found. Further, undesired behaviors such as relaxation-mode oscillations and latchup can be explained and detected. A simple graphical design procedure is also described.
Utilizing Explainable AI for improving the Performance of Neural Networks (2022)

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in a variety of fields that have a direct impact on society. Although those models typically show outstanding performance, they have been used for a long time as black boxes. To address this, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has been developing as a field that aims to improve the transparency of the model and increase their trustworthiness. We propose a retraining pipeline that consistently improves the model predictions starting from XAI and utilizing state-of-the-art techniques. To do that, we use the XAI results, namely SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values, to give specific training weights to the data samples. This leads to an improved training of the model and, consequently, better performance. In order to benchmark our method, we evaluate it on both real-life and public datasets. First, we perform the method on a radar-based people counting scenario. Afterward, we test it on the CIFAR-10, a public Computer Vision dataset. Experiments using the SHAP-based retraining approach achieve a 4% more accuracy w.r.t. the standard equal weight retraining for people counting tasks. Moreover, on the CIFAR-10, our SHAP-based weighting strategy ends up with a 3% accuracy rate than the training procedure with equal weighted samples.
Dialog in the open world (2009)

We review key challenges of developing spoken dialog systems that can engage in interactions with one or multiple participants in relatively unconstrained environments. We outline a set of core competencies for open-world dialog, and describe three prototype systems. The systems are built on a common underlying conversational framework which integrates an array of predictive models and component technologies, including speech recognition, head and pose tracking, probabilistic models for scene analysis, multiparty engagement and turn taking, and inferences about user goals and activities. We discuss the current models and showcase their function by means of a sample recorded interaction, and we review results from an observational study of open-world, multiparty dialog in the wild.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions and Retrosynthetic Planning (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.