gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traceable calibration of AFM step height measurements for integrated circuit manufacturing (2008)

The growing demands of metrology have tightened the allowable tolerances of depth and step height measurements in semiconductor and nanotechnology fabrication. With manufacturing tolerances in the range of 1 nm to 3 nm, special care is required to achieve calibration traceable to the SI (<i>Systeme International d'Unites</i>, or International System of Units) meter in order to meet manufacturing requirements. This paper describes the steps taken to achieve this level of measurement capability. The methodology used to achieve this traceable calibration is to use an inclined plane to establish linearity over the step height range of interest of a reference critical dimension atomic force microscope (CDAFM) and then to link a single traceable step height somewhere within this range. The deviations from perfect linearity in the vertical position are shown in the paper. Then using this newly calibrated reference CD-AFM, various step height structures were used to transfer the traceable calibration from the reference CD-AFM to one-dimensional AFMs (1DAFM) used for manufacturing process control. A traceable step height calibration, with an expanded uncertainty of 2.24 nm (<i>k</i> = 3) is demonstrated for the reference CD-AFM. From this result, a traceable calibration of the manufacturing AFMs with a combined expanded uncertainty of 2.8 nm (<i>k</i> = 3) for a nominal 164 nm step height is developed.
Low polarization optical system design (2007)

Polarization-sensitive optical systems include those requiring very accurate irradiance measurements and those where polarization is the intended measurement. Low-polarization optical system design is the process of minimizing system polarization introduced by surface geometry, thin film coatings and birefringent elements, and measuring system components to verify polarization performance. The complicated, multi-step, iterative low polarization optical system design process requires initial system design, witness sample fabrication and measurement, reverse engineering of fabricated coatings and coating redesign, end-to-end system polarization aberration analysis, and system measurement and calibration. Most of this process will be spent iterating between design and measurement phases until a final design is reached that can be fabricated and calibrated to perform within the desired system tolerances. This work discusses low polarization optical system design using a three-mirror off-axis camera as an example.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: a groundbreaking technique for the sustainable production of agricultural resources (2019)

eLighting presentation
Invasion of the hardware snatchers (2017)

In February 2014, the FBI charged a Florida man, Marc Heera, with selling a cloned version of the Hondata s300, a plug-in module for the engine computer that reads data from sensors in Honda cars and automatically adjusts the air-fuel mixture, idle speed, and other factors to improve performance. The plug-in also allows users to monitor the engine via Bluetooth and make their own adjustments. The clones certainly looked like the genuine product, but in fact they contained circuit boards that had likely been built in China, according to designs Heera had obtained through reverse engineering. Honda warned that cars using the counterfeits exhibited a number of problems, including random limits on engine rpm and, occasionally, failure to start. Devices that connect to an engine control unit (ECU) present particular safety concerns; researchers have demonstrated that, through ECU access, they could hijack a car's brakes and steering.
Progress in the rational design of an AIDS vaccine (2011)

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has a high degree of genetic and antigenic diversity that has impeded the development of an effective vaccine using traditional methods. We are attempting to develop an AIDS vaccine by employing strategies that include structural biology and computational modelling, in an effort to develop immunogens capable of eliciting neutralizing antibodies of the requisite breadth and potency against circulating strains of HIV-1.
Prevalence of carotid calcification detected on panoramic radiographs in a Saudi population from a training institute in Central Saudi Arabia. (2012)

Dentists should be aware of the techniques to detect carotid artery calcification on the widely used panoramic radiographs. Consequently, information on a life-threatening condition could be provided to the patient, and a precautionary treatment could be suggested.
Functional Engraftment of the Medial Ganglionic Eminence Cells in Experimental Stroke Model (2009)

Currently there are no effective treatments targeting residual anatomical and behavioral deficits resulting from stroke. Evidence suggests that cell transplantation therapy may enhance functional recovery after stroke through multiple mechanisms. We used a syngeneic model of neural transplantation to explore graft-host communications that enhance cellular engraftment.The medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells were derived from 15-day-old transgenic rat embryos carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP), a marker, to easily track the transplanted cells. Adult rats were subjected to transient intraluminal occlusion of the medial cerebral artery. Two weeks after stroke, the grafts were deposited into four sites, along the rostro-caudal axis and medially to the stroke in the penumbra zone. Control groups included vehicle and fibroblast transplants. Animals were subjected to motor behavioral tests at 4 week posttransplant survival time. Morphological analysis demonstrated that the grafted MGE cells differentiated into multiple neuronal subtypes, established synaptic contact with host cells, increased the expression of synaptic markers, and enhanced axonal reorganization in the injured area. Initial patch-clamp recording demonstrated that the MGE cells received postsynaptic currents from host cells. Behavioral analysis showed reduced motor deficits in the rotarod and elevated body swing tests. These findings suggest that graft-host interactions influence the fate of grafted neural precursors and that functional recovery could be mediated by neurotrophic support, new synaptic circuit elaboration, and enhancement of the stroke-induced neuroplasticity.
Sensitivity of UHF coupler and loop electrode with UHF method and their comparison for detecting partial discharge in GIS (2008)

We introduce in this paper the sensitivity of two UHF couplers, disc-type measuring electrode and loop-type measuring electrode embedded in an epoxy insulator, for detecting partial discharge (PD) and diagnosing GIS. Each of the couplers has sufficient performance for detecting the electromagnetic waves up to 8 GHz. The attenuation characteristic of electromagnetic waves is changed depending upon the location of defects, such as a particle on an enclosure or on a conductor.
Biodegradability of end-groups of the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) assessed using model compounds (2006)

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), a biocide used in a wide variety of disinfection and preservation applications, is a polydisperse mixture in which the end-groups may be any combination of amine, guanidine and cyanoguanidine. Using PHMB model compounds (1,6-diaminohexane; 1,6-diguanidinohexane; 1,6-di(cyanoguanidino)hexane; 4-guanidinobutyric acid), we have determined the biodegradation characteristics of each end-group in several strains of bacteria isolated for their ability to utilise PHMB as a sole source of nitrogen. Bacteria were screened for growth at the expense of each model compound (at non-inhibitory concentrations) as sole nitrogen source. None of the isolated bacteria was capable of utilising a cyanoguanidine end-group as growth substrate, whereas several bacteria were shown to utilise amine or guanidine end-groups. In particular, a strain of Pseudomonas putida was capable of extensive growth with 1,6-diguanidinohexane as a sole nitrogen source, with complete removal of guanidine groups from culture medium within 2 days, and with concomitant formation of unsubstituted urea, which in turn was also utilised by the organism. We conclude that whilst amine and guanidine end-groups in PHMB are likely to be susceptible to biodegradation, cyanoguanidine end-groups are likely to be recalcitrant.
Abstract 800: ABBV-744, a first-in-class and highly selective inhibitor of the second bromodomain of BET family proteins, displays robust activities in preclinical models of acute myelogenous leukemia (2018)

Abstract Many small-molecule inhibitors that target both bromodomains of the BET family proteins (pan BET inhibitors) are undergoing studies in clinical trials. Emerging data are beginning to suggest that clinical responses to these pan BET inhibitors in subsets of hematologic malignancies may be modest and short lived, perhaps due, at least in part, to tolerability issues that limit dosing levels. We hypothesized that selective inhibition of four of the eight bromodomains in BET family proteins might retain the anticancer activities in certain tumor subsets while alleviating some of the tolerability liabilities of pan BET inhibitors, thus possibly providing better therapeutic benefits. ABBV-744 is a highly selective inhibitor for the second bromodomain (BDII) of the four BET family proteins, exhibiting greater than 300-fold more potent binding affinity to the BDII bromodomain of BRD4 relative to the first bromodomain (BDI) of BRD4. In contrast to the broad antiproliferative activities observed with pan BET inhibitors, ABBV-744 only displayed significant antiproliferative activities in a limited number of cancer cell lines, including AML and androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer. Studies in AML xenograft models demonstrated antitumor efficacy for ABBV-744 that was comparable to the pan-BET inhibitor ABBV-075 but with improved tolerability. Taken together, these results suggest that ABBV-744 could be a promising second-generation BET inhibitor for AML therapy. Affiliation: Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064. Disclosures: All authors are employees of AbbVie. The design, study conduct, and financial support for this research were provided by AbbVie. AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the publication. Citation Format: Xiaoyu Lin, Xiaoli Huang, Richard Bellin, Emily Faivre, Paul Hessler, Lloyd Lam, Mai Ha Bui, Denise Wilcox, Tamar Uziel, Debra C. Ferguson, Terrance J. Magoc, Daniel H. Albert, Keith F. McDaniel, Warren Kati, Yu Shen. ABBV-744, a first-in-class and highly selective inhibitor of the second bromodomain of BET family proteins, displays robust activities in preclinical models of acute myelogenous leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 800.
Epidermal growth factor reduces HER‐2 protein level in human ovarian carcinoma cells (1992)

Over-expression of the proto-oncogene HER-2 (c-erbB-2/neu) in ovarian, endometrial, and mammary carcinoma is an indicator of poor prognosis. Interactions between the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the HER-2 protein have been described. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of EGF on HER-2 expression. In the human ovarian carcinoma cell lines HTB-77, OVCAR-3, 2780, SKOV-6, SKOV-8 and 2774, and the human mammary tumor cell line SKBR-3, total cellular p185HER-2 was determined by an ELISA, whereas the surface p185HER-2 was measured with a living-cell RIA. Stimulation of these cell lines with either EGF (0.1-30 nM) or TGF-alpha (0.1-30 nM) led to a significant reduction in p185HER-2 expression. The effect was more pronounced in cells with normal HER-2 expression. A reduction of mRNA levels for p185HER-2 by EGF was observed in OVCAR-3 cells but not in the over-expressing lines HTB-77 and SKBR-3. Interestingly, the EGF-induced effect was not always associated with growth stimulation and was not correlated with the number of EGF binding sites detected by a radioligand assay. Our data indicate that EGF treatment results in a down-regulation of p185HER-2.
Tables S9-S10 from Genomic Evolutionary Patterns of Leiomyosarcoma and Liposarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 9 and 10&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrates as Sources of Chiral Inositol Polyphosphates and Their Mimics (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC With GTS Transmission for Heterogeneous Devices With Application to Wheelchair Body-Area Sensor Networks (2011)

In wireless personal area networks, such as wireless body-area sensor networks, stations or devices have different bandwidth requirements and, thus, create heterogeneous traffics. For such networks, the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) can be used in the beacon-enabled mode, which supports guaranteed time slot (GTS) allocation for time-critical data transmissions. This paper presents a general discrete-time Markov chain model for the IEEE 802.15.4-based networks taking into account the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance and GTS transmission phenomena together in the heterogeneous traffic scenario and under nonsaturated condition. For this purpose, the standard GTS allocation scheme is modified. For each non-identical device, the Markov model is solved and the average service time and the service utilization factor are analyzed in the non-saturated mode. The analysis is validated by simulations using network simulator version 2.33. Also, the model is enhanced with a wireless propagation model and the performance of the MAC is evaluated in a wheelchair body-area sensor network scenario.
Tapir (2017)

This paper explores how fork-join parallelism, as supported by concurrency platforms such as Cilk and OpenMP, can be embedded into a compiler's intermediate representation (IR). Mainstream compilers typically treat parallel linguistic constructs as syntactic sugar for function calls into a parallel runtime. These calls prevent the compiler from performing optimizations across parallel control constructs. Remedying this situation is generally thought to require an extensive reworking of compiler analyses and code transformations to handle parallel semantics.
Supplemental Figure 2 from AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. HNSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis are not significantly impacted 24 hours post R428 treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Development of an ELISA microarray assay for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of ten biodefense toxins (2014)

Plant and microbial toxins are considered bioterrorism threat agents because of their extreme toxicity and/or ease of availability. Additionally, some of these toxins are increasingly responsible for accidental food poisonings. The current study utilized an ELISA-based protein antibody microarray for the multiplexed detection of ten biothreat toxins, botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) A, B, C, D, E, F, ricin, shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx), and staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB), in buffer and complex biological matrices. The multiplexed assay displayed a sensitivity of 1.3 pg mL(-1) (BoNT/A, BoNT/B, SEB, Stx-1 and Stx-2), 3.3 pg mL(-1) (BoNT/C, BoNT/E, BoNT/F) and 8.2 pg mL(-1) (BoNT/D, ricin). All assays demonstrated high accuracy (75-120 percent recovery) and reproducibility (most coefficients of variation <20%). Quantification curves for the ten toxins were also evaluated in clinical samples (serum, plasma, nasal fluid, saliva, stool, and urine) and environmental samples (apple juice, milk and baby food) with overall minimal matrix effects. The multiplex assays were highly specific, with little cross-reactivity observed between the selected toxin antibodies. The results demonstrate a multiplex microarray that improves current immunoassay sensitivity for biological warfare agents in buffer, clinical, and environmental samples.
Neurovascular Coupling is Not Attenuated During Reflex‐Mediated Sympathetic Activation via Lower Body Negative Pressure in Humans (2020)

Introduction Cerebral blood flow is tightly coupled with local neuronal activation and metabolism (i.e., neurovascular coupling; NVC). Attenuated NVC has been identified in several chronic diseases, including hypertension, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains unknown. Raised peripheral sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity can play a malevolent role in the pathology of hypertension and might also contribute to the blunted NVC as cerebral arteries are autonomic innervated. However, the role of sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cerebral blood flow remains controversial. Given this, the purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that reflex‐mediated sympathetic activation via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) blunts NVC in humans. Methods NVC was assessed using a visual stimulation protocol (5 cycles of 30 s eyes closed and 30 s of reading) in 10 young and healthy participants (3 women; aged 25 ± 3 years). In a randomized and counterbalanced order, NVC assessments were made under control conditions and during graded sympathetic activation via LBNP at −20 mmHg and −40 mmHg. Posterior (PCA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood velocity (v mean ) were determined (transcranial Doppler ultrasound). Vertebral artery blood flow (VA flow ) was measured using duplex Doppler ultrasound and vessel wall tracking software. Mean arterial pressure (finger photoplethysmography), stroke volume (Modelflow), heart rate (electrocardiogram) and the partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (P et CO 2 ; capnograph) were obtained. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Results LBNP to −20 mmHg and −40 mmHg evoked an anticipated reduction in stroke volume and increase in heart rate, while mean arterial pressure was unchanged. Prior to visual stimulation, PCAv mean and MCAv mean were not different between control, −20 LBNP and −40 LBNP conditions ( P &gt;0.05), while VA flow was reduced at −40 mmHg ( P =0.02 vs . control). Under control conditions, the NVC test evoked a robust increase in PCAv mean (Δ22 ± 4%), a modest increase in MCAv mean (Δ10 ± 3%), and a moderate rise in VA flow (Δ14 ± 5%). The magnitude of these responses was unaffected by LBNP at both −20 mmHg and −40mmHg (PCAv mean Δ23 ± 4% and Δ23 ± 4%; MCAv mean Δ10 ± 1% and Δ11 ± 4%; VA flow Δ15 ± 3% and Δ16 ± 6%; P &gt;0.05). P et CO 2 decreased at −20 mmHg (37.0 ± 3.1 mmHg) and −40 mmHg (36.3 ± 3.1 mmHg) LBNP trials compared to control (40.2 ± 3.7mmHg; P =0.004). Conclusion In summary, these findings indicate that reflex‐mediated sympathetic activation via LBNP does not blunt the NVC response in healthy humans. Support or Funding Information Funding received from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Finance Code 001) (MS), the University of Auckland (JPF, JFRP) and the Health Research Council of New Zealand (JPF, JFRP).
High-efficiency wireless power delivery for medical implants using hybrid coils (2012)

With the exciting developments in the implant technology allowing sophisticated signal processing, stimulation, and drug delivery capabilities, there is new hope for many patients of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and stroke to improve their quality of life. Such implants require high power to deliver the promised rich functionality. Yet, delivering high power to implants without damaging the tissue due to heating while keeping the implant footprint small is a challenge. In this paper, we propose a hybrid multi-layer coil as the secondary coil to provide a power and space-efficient solution. The proposed coils can deliver power to an implant for long durations without increasing the skin temperature over 1C.
Data from Transcriptional Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti–PD-1 Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To explore factors associated with response and resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy, we analyzed multiple disease sites at autopsy in a patient with widely metastatic melanoma who had a heterogeneous response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-six melanoma specimens (four premortem, 22 postmortem) were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate immunologic markers and gene expression were assessed in 10 cutaneous metastases showing response or progression during therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The melanoma was driven by biallelic inactivation of &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt;. All lesions had highly concordant mutational profiles and copy number alterations, indicating linear clonal evolution. Expression of candidate immunologic markers was similar in responding and progressing lesions. However, progressing cutaneous metastases were associated with overexpression of genes associated with extracellular matrix and neutrophil function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Although mutational and immunologic differences have been proposed as the primary determinants of heterogeneous response/resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies, respectively, differential lesional gene expression profiles may also dictate anti–PD-1 outcomes. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3168–80. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Wilmott et al., p. 2921&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Practical Implementation of Spectrum Splitting for Solar Cells (2013)

In the past decade, a number of inventions have been patented, describing all a different technology to achieve spectral beam splitting for solar cells. This paper describes a novel light splitting device, that could solve some of the additional problems encountered by previous inventions, such as no overlap in photon frequencies, no moving parts, lightweight and lower influence by tracking errors. The practical optical efficiency of our device was calculated using available materials. Although there is still room for improvements, a calculated practical optical efficiency of 66% is reached.
Auditors at Work: a Former Chief Auditor's View (1987)

The author, whose thinking has been considerably influenced by the insights of psychology, draws on his experience as a former chief auditor, to give a personal view of audit work. The role of the auditor, the organisational effects of rules and procedures, problems of motivation, the issue of audit independence and the operation of defence mechanisms in audit work are commented on and the main challenges are highlighted.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIKAL‐ZWISCHENPRODUKTE BEI DER THERMISCHEN ZERS. VON NEOPHYL‐(TRI‐N‐BUTYLPHOSPHIN)‐KUPFER(I) UND ‐SILBER(I) (1972)

Abstract Die Komplexe (I) werden durch Reaktion von Neophyl‐Li (aus Dineophyl‐Hg und Li) mit tetramerem Jodo‐tributylphosphin‐Metall(I) in Äther bei ‐78°C dargestellt.