gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does incidental FDG PET uptake in the prostate have significance? (2015)

115 Background: 18 F-FDG PET/CT is widely used to diagnose malignancy, but is not recommended for localized prostate cancer. This study explores the value of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in characterizing incidentally detected prostate FDG uptake. Methods: Thirty-one patients who underwent FDG PET/CT and prostate MRI were eligible for this study. 14 patients were excluded (n=8 insufficient histopathology, n=6 radical prostatectomy before PET), with final analysis of 17 patients. The mpMRI sequences included T2-weighted, dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and MR spectroscopy (MRS). Nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to clinicopathologic findings, identified suspicious areas and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on FDG PET/CT. The lesion and sector-based imaging findings were correlated with annotated histopathology from whole-mount or MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy samples. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were estimated using generalized estimating equations with logit link. Results were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests. Results: The PPV of FDG PET alone in detecting prostate cancer was 0.56. Combining FDG (base parameter) with mpMRI modalities (T2, DCE, ADC, MRS) increased the sector-based PPV to 0.79, 0.82, 0.80, and 0.89, respectively. All benign lesions had SUVmax &lt; 5, and malignant lesions had higher mean SUVmax values that correlated with Gleason scores [Table]. This relationship between SUVmax and Gleason score was significant, with p=0.012 on the Kruskal-Wallis test and p=0.015 on the Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for Gleason 0 vs Gleason ≥ 4+5. Conclusions: Incidental prostate FDG uptake has low clinical utility alone, but these areas may harbor high-grade prostate cancer, especially if the SUVmax is greater than 5. [Table: see text]
Peer-to-peer low antenna outdoor radio wave propagation at 1.8 GHz (2003)

In this outdoor propagation study low antenna heights of 1.7 m are used at both the transmitter and the receiver to measure wideband (100 MHz baseband) power-delay profiles (PDPs) of the channel for a peer-to-peer communications system operating at 1.8 GHz. Rural and urban areas are studied in 22 different transmitter-receiver links, and the path loss and delay spread characteristics are presented. The small-scale multipath fading characteristics are measured in detail by recording 160 PDPs within each local area. This paper shows the measurement setup for calculation of the fading rate variance and the estimation of the angular spread of each multipath component. The accuracy of the angular spread is discussed.
Graph transformer neural network for chemical reactivity prediction (2023)

Optimizing the properties of advanced drug candidates can be facilitated by directly introducing certain chemical groups without having to synthesize the molecules from scratch. However, their chemical complexity often renders reactivity predictions and synthesis planning challenging. Herein, we introduce a graph transformer neural network (GTNN) approach for computational reaction screening and identification of substrates suitable for late-stage functionalization, taking compound alkylation via Minisci-type chemistry as an example. GTNNs were trained on experimentally generated reactions obtained from miniaturized high-throughput experimentation and literature data. Trained models were prospectively applied to predicting the reactivity of 3180 advanced heterocyclic molecules, identifying potential substrates for Minisci-type alkylation. All predicted substrates were experimentally confirmed. Multiple chemical transformations were identified for each of these compounds. Selected hits were scaled up, isolated, and characterized, delivering 30 novel, suitably functionalized molecules for medicinal chemistry. These results positively advocate GTNN models for reactivity prediction in drug discovery.
Growth of hBN by High-Temperature Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
High-throughput functional screen of mouse gastrula cDNA libraries reveals new components of endoderm and mesoderm specification (2005)

This study describes a cross-species functional screen of mouse gastrula cDNA libraries for components of endoderm and mesoderm specification. Pools of 96 cDNAs from arrayed mouse gastrula cDNA libraries were transcribed into mRNA and injected into either the presumptive mesoderm or the ectoderm of one-cell Xenopus laevis embryos. Injected embryos were examined at gastrula stage by in situ hybridization with endoderm or mesoderm markers. Using this approach, we screened over 700 pools or approximately 60,000 cDNAs. We identified 17 unique cDNAs that function during mesoderm and/or endoderm specification and 16 that cause general morphology changes. Identified molecules fall into eight general functional groups as follows: cell cycle components (seven), transcription factors (four), extracellular secreted molecules (seven), transmembrane receptors (one), intracellular signaling components (five), microtubule components (two), metabolism molecules (three), and unknown (four). Several of the genes we identified would not have been predicted to be involved in endoderm or mesoderm specification, highlighting the usefulness of nonbiased screening approaches. This includes Otx2, which we show is a downstream target of Xsox17beta. The speed, low cost, and high efficiency of this cross-species screen makes it an ideal method for examining cDNAs from difficult-to-obtain sources. Therefore, this approach complements the current mouse molecular genetics systems and provides a powerful means for the genome-wide examination of mammalian gene function.
Supplementary Data from Impact of Exploratory Biomarkers on the Treatment Effect of Bevacizumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S3; Supplementary Tables S1-S4.&lt;/p&gt;
[Feasibility study of SPECT quantification using CdTe semiconductor detector]. (2000)

Quantification of SPECT using CdTe semiconductors as a detector head in nuclear medicine equipment was investigated. A prototype of semiconductor detectors with an effective field-of-view as small as 2.54 cm x 5.08 cm was constructed, and a cylindrical phantom containing four spherical phantoms with capacities 71, 56, 42, and 15 ml, was used. Water was placed in three of these spherical phantoms (71, 56, and 42 ml), and 8.362 MBq of 99mTc was poured into the remaining 15 ml phantom. In the outer cylindrical phantom, 925 MBq (6200 ml) of 99mTc was placed. A Toshiba LEHR (Low Energy High Resolution) collimator was attached to the semiconductor detectors, and SPECT acquisition with a rotation radius 132 mm was performed. It was found that in the data thus acquired using the semiconductor detector, the amount of scattered gamma-rays decreased by 33% as compared to data acquired using NaI(Tl) scintillators under the same condition. Moreover, when attenuation correction was applied to SPECT data from the CdTe semiconductor detector, the measurement accuracy of radioactivity improved by 16% as compared to SPECT data from NaI(Tl) scintillators with the same acquisition and post-correction conditions. Finally, the CdTe detector data with only attenuation correction was found to have almost the same grade of accuracy as NaI scintillator data with both attenuation and TEW scatter corrections.
Quantum Chemical Studies of Lithium Polymer Electrolytes (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Effects of extraction solvents on antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of four whole grains (2017)

The objectives of this study were to determine antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents (TPC) of the different solvent extractions (60% ethanol, 60% methanol, 60% acetone) from four whole grains, and to investigate relationships between antioxidant activities and TPC. The antioxidant activities of grain extractions were evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2, 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium Salt (ABTS•+) and Ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and the TPC were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). Results showed that extraction solvent mixtures had different impacts on antioxidant activity and TPC of whole grain varieties. For 60% acetone extraction, TPC hierarchy was as follows: buckwheat﹥barley﹥rye﹥oat; from which, the highest DPPH and ABTS•+ scavenging activities and reducing power were found in buckwheat. Furthermore, correlations analysis revealed that TPC, reducing power, DPPH and ABTS•+ scavenging activities were positively correlated with each other. Buckwheat could be important source of natural antioxidants to improve health conditions and to reduce disease risks.
Intumescent polylactide: A nonflammable material (2009)

Abstract In this article, we examine intumescent polylactide, which exhibits a nonburning behavior upon heating. The combination of melamine and ammonium polyphosphate incorporated in the polylactide allowed us to obtain an intumescent char and low flammability. The incorporation of an additional ingredient such as organomodified montmorillonite Cloisite 30B or multiwall carbon nanotubes demonstrated varying effects on the material's reaction to fire, i.e., a large synergistic effect was observed when Cloisite 30B was used, whereas it was antagonistic when multiwall carbon nanotubes were used. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Backbone-Modified C2-Symmetrical Chiral Bisphosphine TMS-QuinoxP*: Asymmetric Borylation of Racemic Allyl Electrophiles (2021)

A new <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-symmetrical <i>P</i>-chirogenic bisphosphine ligand with silyl substituents on the ligand backbone, (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-5,8-TMS-QuinoxP*, has been developed. This ligand showed higher reactivity and enantioselectivity for the direct enantioconvergent borylation of cyclic allyl electrophiles than its parent ligand, (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-QuinoxP* (e.g., for a piperidine-type substrate: 95% ee vs 76% ee). The borylative kinetic resolution of linear allyl electrophiles was also achieved using (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-5,8-TMS-QuinoxP* (up to 90% ee, <i>s</i> = 46.4). An investigation into the role of the silyl groups on the ligand backbone using X-ray crystallography and computational studies displayed interlocking structures between the phosphine and silyl moieties of (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-5,8-TMS-QuinoxP*. The results of DFT calculations revealed that the entropy effect thermodynamically destabilizes the dormant dimer species in the catalytic cycle to improve the reactivity. Furthermore, in the direct enantioconvergent case, detailed calculations indicated a pronounced enantioselective recognition of carbon-carbon double bonds, which is virtually unaffected by the chirality at the allylic position, as a key for the borylation from both enantiomers of racemic allyl electrophiles.
Index (2021)

You have accessAdhesion and Adhesives TechnologyMar 2021IndexAlphonsus V. PociusAlphonsus V. Pociushttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908501.bmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: 371-377Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-855-6eISBN: 978-1-56990-850-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2021 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Interstitial Electrolyte Infusion Creates a Liquid Electrode for Controlled Application of High Power Radiofrequency Energy (1998)

Abstract Conventional application of radiofrequency (RF) energy for thermotherapeutic ablation of pathological tissue is limited by tissue desiccation, high electrical impedance, and small lesion size. A new method has been developed which allows controllable production of small to large lesions. This technique modifies the electric field within the tissue by interstitially infusing hypertonic saline during the application of RF energy. The present study was conducted to determine the spread of saline in prostate and resultant impedance changes. A 26 gauge needle with 5mm exposed metal tip was inserted into the prostate of 10 canines. Impedance measurements were made between the two recording electrodes placed 12mm apart, with the infusion electrode at the center. Hypertonic saline (14.6% NaCl) with a 35% mixture of a radiocontrast agent (Hypaque) was continuously infused at 2 ml/min through the needle electrode into the tissue for 10 minutes. Fluoroscopic images were taken concomitantly with impedance measurements. The images were analyzed for intensity and spread of the saline concentration field. The developed concentration field was observed to modify the impedance characteristics, thereby indicating the creation of the saline-liquid electrode. This research has facilitated the development of RF hyperthermic treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia in humans.
A functional analysis of the Drosophila gene hindsight : evidence for positive regulation of EGFR signaling (2019)

Abstract We have investigated the relationship between the function of the gene hindsight ( hnt ), which is the Drosophila homolog of Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1 ( RREB-1 ), and the EGFR signaling pathway. We report that hnt mutant embryos are defective in EGFR signaling dependent processes, namely chordotonal organ recruitment and oenocyte specification. We also show the temperature sensitive hypomorphic allele hnt pebbled is enhanced by the hypomorphic MAPK allele rolled ( rl 1 ). We find that hnt overexpression results in ectopic DPax2 expression within the embryonic peripheral nervous system, and we show that this effect is EGFR-dependent. Finally, we show that the canonical U-shaped embryonic lethal phenotype of hnt, which is associated with premature degeneration of the extraembyonic amnioserosa and a failure in germ band retraction, is rescued by expression of several components of the EGFR signaling pathway ( sSpi , Ras85D V12 , pnt P1 ) as well as the caspase inhibitor p35 . Based on this collection of corroborating evidence, we suggest that an overarching function of hnt involves the positive regulation of EGFR signaling.
Measurement of harmonic losses in transformers supplying nonsinusoidal load currents (2003)

The spread of the load control techniques based on power electronics is causing the increase of harmonic losses in power distribution systems. A digital method for the evaluation of these losses in power transformers, which only requires measurements taken at the transformer output terminals, is discussed. The accuracy of the method, along with the performance of a VI-based instrument implementing it, are also discussed. The results of some experimental work are reported.
On the implementation, deployment and evaluation of networking protocols for VANETs: a practical case ✩ (2014)

Research on vehicular communications has been quite extensive over the past few decades. Most of the initial studies were theoretical and research has just moved recently to more experimental works. Conducting real field operational tests is extremely challenging due to the number of vehicles required, the lack of control over the environment and the cost of the necessary equipment and personnel. However, simulation tools may not reflect properly the highly dynamic and complex characteristics of the vehicular scenario. This article explores why practical research in the field of vehicular communications is so demanding, by reporting on our experience in prototyping and experimentally evaluating a vehicular communications protocol. We have chosen a vehicular communication protocol, already published and validated via extensive simulations, and we have fully implemented it, first on a labbased environment, and then in a real-life testbed. This long and exhausting process has shown that some common assumptions do not necessarily hold when coming to real situations, as well as taught us valuable lessons on how to design and conduct experiments with real vehicles. We believe that the experience and lessons learned during this process are helpful for other re
First-in-Class Small Molecule to Inhibit CYP11A1 and Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis (2022)

Binding of steroid hormones to their cognate receptors regulates the growth of most prostate and breast cancers. We hypothesized that CYP11A inhibition might halt the synthesis of all steroid hormones, because CYP11A is the only enzyme that catalyses the first step of steroid hormone biosynthesis. We speculated that a CYP11A inhibitor could be administered safely provided that the steroids essential for life are replaced. Virtual screening and systematic structure-activity relationship optimization were used to develop ODM-208, the first-in-class, selective, nonsteroidal, oral CYP11A1 inhibitor. Safety of ODM-208 was assessed in rats and Beagle dogs, and efficacy in a VCaP castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft mouse model, in mice and dogs, and in six patients with metastatic CRPC. Blood steroid hormone concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ODM-208 binds to CYP11A1 and inhibited its enzymatic activity. ODM-208 administration led to rapid, complete, durable, and reversible inhibition of the steroid hormone biosynthesis in an adrenocortical carcinoma cell model in vitro, in adult noncastrated male mice and dogs, and in patients with CRPC. All measured serum steroid hormone concentrations reached undetectable levels within a few weeks from the start of ODM-208 administration. ODM-208 was well tolerated with steroid hormone replacement. The toxicity findings were considered related to CYP11A1 inhibition and were reversed after stopping of the compound administration. Steroid hormone biosynthesis can be effectively inhibited with a small-molecule inhibitor of CYP11A1. The findings suggest that administration of ODM-208 is feasible with concomitant corticosteroid replacement therapy.
Lookup table-based simulation of directly-converting counting X-ray detectors for computed tomography (2009)

Medical computed tomography (CT) can benefit from directly-converting counting detectors. As yet there is little expertise with this type of detectors in commercially available clinical CT systems, a precise detector model is required for developing such a system. We introduce a lookup table-based simulation of counting detectors on X-ray photon level that allows studying the influence of detector parameters and efficiently evaluating proposed designs. It uses energy-resolved sinograms of incoming X-ray photons as input data and generates photon counts for each channel and reading. The effects of Poisson noise, photon interactions, pulse generation, read-out electronics and electrode signal processing are covered. The photon interaction data as well as signal characteristics are provided in the form of detector-specific lookup tables. This approach offers the precision of Monte-Carlo simulations and the efficiency of model-based descriptions. Unlike standard Monte-Carlo simulations, it is capable of simulating whole CT-scans in a reasonable amount of time on a standard workstation. Due to this efficiency, the influence of detector parameters on image quality in the reconstructed image domain can be evaluated. The simulation is verified against measured data.
In vitro and in vivo killing of AML using tetravalent bispecific CD33/CD3 TandAbs. (2015)

3057 Background: Antibody-based targeting agents specific for CD33 and CD3 are evolving as promising strategies for treating AML. T550, T564, and T589 are TandAbs that are bispecific as well as tetravalent with high affinity for CD33 (McAleese and Eser, 2012, Future Oncol. 8: 687-695). Methods: TandAbs were incubated with purified human T cells and a VPD-450-labeled human CD33+ leukemia cell line, KG-1, or the CD33- human ALL cell line, G2 (E:T = 5:1). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate target cell lysis by TandAbs (10-15 to 10-8M for 24h at 37°C). A primary CD33+ AML patient sample (5 x 106 PBMC; 98% blasts, 2% T cells) engrafts robustly when injected iv into NSG mice. TandAb T550 and T564 were administered iv at 5 or 50 ug/mouse qd starting 4 h after injection of primary AML cells and daily thereafter for 5 days (n = 8). On day 38 human leukemic blasts and human T cells in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow (BM) were enumerated by flow cytometry (human CD33, CD34, CD45, CD45, CD14, CD3, CD4, CD8, and 7AAD). Results: Incubation of TandAbs T550, T564, and T589 with human T cells efficiently lysed KG-1 cells (IC50 ~0.01, 0.5, and 5 pM respectively). Up to 40% of T cells were activated (CD25+), rising with cytotoxic activity. A control TandAb with an irrelevant target, T151 ( > 10-7 M), did not cause significant killing of KG-1 in vitro. T564 induced lysis of KG-1 cells (IC50 = 5 x 10-12M) but had no effect on CD33- G2 cells (1 x 10-8M). In mice injected with AML cells alone > 40% of spleen cells and > 45% of BM cells were confirmed by FACS to be AML blasts by day +38. No human AML was detected in the peripheral blood. In contrast, after treatment with ≥ 5 ug of either T550 or T564, < 0.1% of cells in the spleen and < 1% in the BM were leukemic blasts, representing an ~3 log reduction in leukemic blasts by day +38. Treated and untreated mice had equivalent T cell numbers on day 38. Conclusions: T cells become activated and potently lyse tumor cells only when targeted to CD33+ leukemic cells (KG-1) and primary CD33+ AML blasts by CD33/CD3 TandAbs. In spite of the protective environments of the BM and spleen and the extremely low number of T cells infused, nearly all primary AML blasts could be eliminated in vivo.
III-nitride microwave control devices and ICs (2013)

The growing complexity and functionality of modern microwave systems put increasing demands on the performance and reliability of RF control devices. Low channel sheet resistance in the on-state and small leakage currents in the off-state, extremely high breakdown voltages, chemical inertness and planar structure make III-nitride heterostructure-based devices uniquely suitable for the next-generation switching devices. The AlInN-based devices and devices using low-conducting layers for controlling surface field and surface charges are expected to further boost the performance. This paper presents a review of III-nitride control devices based on heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs), insulated gate HFETs (MISHFETs) and novel capacitively coupled contact and frequency configurable electronics technologies.
Modular Segregation of Structural Brain Networks Supports the Development of Executive Function in Youth (2016)

The human brain is organized into large-scale functional modules that have been shown to evolve in childhood and adolescence. However, it remains unknown whether structural brain networks are similarly refined during development, potentially allowing for improvements in executive function. In a sample of 882 participants (ages 8-22) who underwent diffusion imaging as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we demonstrate that structural network modules become more segregated with age, with weaker connections between modules and stronger connections within modules. Evolving modular topology facilitated network integration, driven by age-related strengthening of hub edges that were present both within and between modules. Critically, both modular segregation and network integration were associated with enhanced executive performance, and mediated the improvement of executive functioning with age. Together, results delineate a process of structural network maturation that supports executive function in youth.