gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of NAD‐independent bacteria from chickens with symptoms of infectious coryza (1997)

Since 1990, NAD-independent bacteria have been isolated in South Africa from poultry showing respiratory manifestations similar to infectious coryza. A total of 126 isolates was examined biochemically and serologically, using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies. Forty isolates were identified as Ornithobacterium rhinotra-cheale, some of which agglutinated glutaraldehyde-fixed red blood cells. Furthermore, fourteen Pasteurella avium isolates, five P. volantium and three Pasteurella species A were isolated for the first time. The remaining 64 isolates were biochemically identified as NAD-independent H. paragallinarum. Of these, 37 were Page serovar A, while no Page serovar B isolates were found. The remaining 25 isolates were typed as Page serovar C. Two different haemagglutination inhibition reaction patterns were found among the Page serovar C isolates, i.e. isolates which reacted with a 1 in 100 dilution of the Page serovar C antiserum, and another larger group which did not react with this dilution of the serum, but did react with rabbit raised antiserum prepared against other Kume serogroup C isolates. This is the first recorded isolation of Page serovar C NAD-independent H. paragallinarum.
Partial purification and some properties of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from Escherichia coli (1977)

delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (PCA) reductase [L-proline:NAD(P)+5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2] has been purified over 200-fold from Escherichia coli K-12. It has a molecular weight of approximately 320,000. PCA reductase mediates the pyridine nucleotide-linked reduction of PCA to proline but not the reverse reaction (even at high substrate concentrations). The partially purified preparation is free of competing pyridine nucleotide oxidase, PCA dehydrogenase, and proline oxidase activities. The Michaelis constant (Km) values for the substrate, PCA, with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or NADH as cofactor are 0.15 and 0.14 mM, respectively. The Km values determined for NADPH and NADH are 0.03 and 0.23 mM, respectively. Although either NADPH or NADH can function as cofactor, the activity observed with NADPH is severalfold greater. PCA reductase is not repressed by growth in the presence of proline, but it is inhibited by the reaction end products, proline and NADP.
Mutual Information Analysis A Generic Side-Channel Distinguisher (2008)

Abstract. We propose a generic information-theoretic distinguisher for differential side-channel analysis. Our model of side-channel leakage is a refinement of the one given by Standaert et al. An embedded device containing a secret key is modeled as a black box with a leakage function whose output is captured by an adversary through the noisy measurement of a physical observable. Although quite general, the model and the distinguisher are practical and allow us to develop a new differential side-channel attack. More precisely, we build a distinguisher that uses the value of the Mutual Information between the observed measurements and a hypothetical leakage to rank key guesses. The attack is effective without any knowledge about the particular dependencies between measurements and leakage as well as between leakage and processed data, which makes it a universal tool. Our approach is confirmed by results of power analysis experiments. We demonstrate that the model and the attack work effectively in an attack scenario against DPA-resistant logic.
Common data elements to standardize genomics studies in cerebral palsy (2022)

A set of 107 common data elements (CDEs) for genomics studies in cerebral palsy is provided. The CDEs include standard definitions and data values domains. The CDEs will facilitate international data sharing, collaboration, and improved clinical interpretation of findings.
Optical Vortices in Fibres: a New Degree of Freedom for Mode Multiplexing (2012)

Optical vortices, which carry orbital angular momentum, form infinite-dimensional basis sets of orthogonal states, which make them attractive for mode-division multiplexing systems. We describe recent demonstrations of successfully generating &amp; propagating vortices in optical fibres, and review recent transmission experiments conducted with them.
Production of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like proteins fused to ZZ and/or R domains and/or HIV-1 TAT protein (2019)

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira which colonize the renal tubules of wild or domestic animals and are released to the external environment in urine. The development of a vaccine is very important, since the control of carrier animals is difficult. Some vaccines are being used, but they promote protection only against the serotypes present in the preparation and fail to induce long- term immunity. The LigA and LigB proteins are able to induce immunoprotection against leptospirosis, however, it didn’t confer sterilizing immunity.
Multirésolution adaptative pour imageurs CMOS très basse consommation (2007)

To be implemented on an analog CMOS image sensor, a robust algorithm based on recursive operations is presented. It allows sensor's acuity adaptation to the scene activity. The main interest of motion detection with adaptive thresholding here described is that in a context of embedded steady camera, such a system allows focusing on targets with high resolution while keeping background in low resolution. Drastic power consumption reduction is achieved by tremendously reducing the amount of processed data.
The Current Role of Pre-Transplant Blood Transfusions and Tissue Typing in Cadaveric Renal Transplantation (1987)

In a retrospective analysis of 74 consecutive cadaveric renal transplants performed at our center during a 38-month period we assessed the influence of random blood transfusions and tissue matching on graft and patient survival. All patients received cyclosporine and low dose prednisone with or without azathioprine as immunosuppressive therapy. Actual patient survival was 100 per cent at 1 year and actuarial 1-year graft survival was 82 per cent. Random blood transfusions and histocompatibility matching at the HLA-DR locus did not influence graft survival. Matching at 2 or more HLA-A and B loci was associated with a significant detrimental influence (p less than 0.05) on graft survival. We conclude that the use of cyclosporine-based immunosuppression overcomes much of the adverse effect of poor tissue matching and may obviate the need for random blood transfusions in cadaveric renal transplantation during the first year of engraftment.
Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea (2011)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi notable for their wide host ranges and environmental persistence. These attributes have made these species models for understanding the complexity of necrotrophic, broad host-range pathogenicity. Despite their similarities, the two species differ in mating behaviour and the ability to produce asexual spores. We have sequenced the genomes of one strain of S. sclerotiorum and two strains of B. cinerea. The comparative analysis of these genomes relative to one another and to other sequenced fungal genomes is provided here. Their 38-39 Mb genomes include 11,860-14,270 predicted genes, which share 83% amino acid identity on average between the two species. We have mapped the S. sclerotiorum assembly to 16 chromosomes and found large-scale co-linearity with the B. cinerea genomes. Seven percent of the S. sclerotiorum genome comprises transposable elements compared to <1% of B. cinerea. The arsenal of genes associated with necrotrophic processes is similar between the species, including genes involved in plant cell wall degradation and oxalic acid production. Analysis of secondary metabolism gene clusters revealed an expansion in number and diversity of B. cinerea-specific secondary metabolites relative to S. sclerotiorum. The potential diversity in secondary metabolism might be involved in adaptation to specific ecological niches. Comparative genome analysis revealed the basis of differing sexual mating compatibility systems between S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. The organization of the mating-type loci differs, and their structures provide evidence for the evolution of heterothallism from homothallism. These data shed light on the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of the genetically complex traits of necrotrophic pathogenicity and sexual mating. This resource should facilitate the functional studies designed to better understand what makes these fungi such successful and persistent pathogens of agronomic crops.
Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Responsible for the Pathogenicity of a Multiply Passaged Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV-HXBc2) (1999)

In vivo passage of a poorly replicating, nonpathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-HXBc2) generated an efficiently replicating virus, KU-1, that caused rapid CD4(+) T-lymphocyte depletion and AIDS-like illness in monkeys (S. V. Joag, Z. Li, L. Foresman, E. B. Stephens, L.-J. Zhao, I. Adany, D. M. Pinson, H. M. McClure, and O. Narayan, J. Virol. 70:3189-3197, 1996). The env gene of the KU-1 virus was used to create a molecularly cloned virus, SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2, that differed from a nonpathogenic SHIV-HXBc2 virus in only 12 envelope glycoprotein residues. SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 replicated efficiently and caused rapid and persistent CD4(+) T-lymphocyte depletion in inoculated rhesus macaques. Compared with the envelope glycoproteins of the parental SHIV-HXBc2, the SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 envelope glycoproteins supported more efficient infection of rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both the parental SHIV-HXBc2 and the pathogenic SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 used CXCR4 but none of the other seven transmembrane segment receptors tested as a second receptor. Compared with the parental virus, viruses with the SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 envelope glycoproteins were more resistant to neutralization by soluble CD4 and antibodies. Thus, changes in the envelope glycoproteins account for the ability of the passaged virus to deplete CD4(+) T lymphocytes rapidly and specify increased replicative capacity and resistance to neutralization.
Going Full-TILT Boogie on Document Understanding with Text-Image-Layout\n Transformer (2021)

We address the challenging problem of Natural Language Comprehension beyond\nplain-text documents by introducing the TILT neural network architecture which\nsimultaneously learns layout information, visual features, and textual\nsemantics. Contrary to previous approaches, we rely on a decoder capable of\nunifying a variety of problems involving natural language. The layout is\nrepresented as an attention bias and complemented with contextualized visual\ninformation, while the core of our model is a pretrained encoder-decoder\nTransformer. Our novel approach achieves state-of-the-art results in extracting\ninformation from documents and answering questions which demand layout\nunderstanding (DocVQA, CORD, SROIE). At the same time, we simplify the process\nby employing an end-to-end model.\n
<title>New novel method for solving ASML alignment fail (model error) in color filter process</title> (2001)

For better resolution and throughput concern on color filter process, we use ASML5500/100 for color filter production instead of 1X CANON, but it often suffered alignment fail (error code: model error) at the green layer. Some items have been studied: (1) pattern close to ASML PM mark; (2) level sensor issue (level sensor contamination, plate tilt, level lens contamination); (3) different process sequence; (4) open the clear-out window at passivation layer to reduce interference effect. All of these items are proved no obviously influence to induce model error. By checking the spectrum of the green photo-resist, we found that it is low transmittance at 633 nm<SUP>1</SUP> (the wavelength that the ASML alignment laser uses). Raising the transmittance by reducing the thickness of green resist is proved useful to eliminate the occurrence of model error. On the other hand, the ATHENA<SUP>TM</SUP> provided by ASML which use red and green lights for alignment will get rid of the alignment failure.
Fourier spectrum of curvilinear gratings of the second order (1998)

The class of second-order curvilinear gratings consists of all the curvilinear gratings that are obtained by second-order spatial transformations of periodic gratings. It includes, for example, circular, elliptic, and hyperbolic gratings as well as circular, elliptic, and hyperbolic zone plates. Such structures occur quite frequently in optics, and their Fourier transforms may arise, for instance, in connection with the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns generated by these structures. I present the two-dimensional Fourier spectra of the most important second-order curvilinear gratings for gratings having any desired intensity profile (cosinusoidal, sawtooth wave, square wave, etc.). These analytic results are also illustrated by figures showing the various gratings and their spectra as they are obtained on a computer by two-dimensional fast Fourier transform.
Control and reproducibility of c-axis microbridges (1997)

Vertical c-axis microbridges, with dimensions comparable to the penetration depth (/spl lambda//sub c/), have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Josephson-like effects are observed due to coherent motion of vortices across the bridge. Both the on-chip and chip to chip reproducibility has been improved from previous reports by process optimisation. Within an array it is highly dependent on the oxygenation state and the temperature of the sample. Although the spread in parameters within an array of standard junctions is almost good enough to fabricate many circuits of interest, the I/sub c/ is too high and the R/sub n/ too low for many logic applications. In an attempt to reduce the coupling strength, the growth temperature of a region of the material in the microbridge has been varied. Initial results suggest I/sub c/ can be reduced and R/sub n/ increased to a level which, with further optimisation, might be useful for logic applications, while the reproducibility was not adversely affected.
Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture‐Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging‐Wall Damage Zone (2017)

Abstract Fault rock assemblages reflect interaction between deformation, stress, temperature, fluid, and chemical regimes on distinct spatial and temporal scales at various positions in the crust. Here we interpret measurements made in the hanging‐wall of the Alpine Fault during the second stage of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP‐2). We present observational evidence for extensive fracturing and high hanging‐wall hydraulic conductivity (∼10 −9 to 10 −7 m/s, corresponding to permeability of ∼10 −16 to 10 −14 m 2 ) extending several hundred meters from the fault's principal slip zone. Mud losses, gas chemistry anomalies, and petrophysical data indicate that a subset of fractures intersected by the borehole are capable of transmitting fluid volumes of several cubic meters on time scales of hours. DFDP‐2 observations and other data suggest that this hydrogeologically active portion of the fault zone in the hanging‐wall is several kilometers wide in the uppermost crust. This finding is consistent with numerical models of earthquake rupture and off‐fault damage. We conclude that the mechanically and hydrogeologically active part of the Alpine Fault is a more dynamic and extensive feature than commonly described in models based on exhumed faults. We propose that the hydrogeologically active damage zone of the Alpine Fault and other large active faults in areas of high topographic relief can be subdivided into an inner zone in which damage is controlled principally by earthquake rupture processes and an outer zone in which damage reflects coseismic shaking, strain accumulation and release on interseismic timescales, and inherited fracturing related to exhumation.
Protection Coordination in Multi-terminal HVDC Networks for DC Fault Clearance (2016)

The paper presents a protection coordination strategy for DC fault clearance for the multi-terminal HVDC networks which relies on an inverse Idc vs dIdc/dt protection characteristic. Separate characteristics are provided to the converters and HVDC breakers to prioritize the opening of HVDC breaker over the converter block, that is, a grading margin is applied. The strategy ensures the minimum number of HVDC breaker openings and converter block events in response to a DC fault. The proposed strategy is verified by simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC for a three terminal symmetrical monopole radial grid. The paper also presents a reclosing strategy to restore the power after fault clearing.
SoK: Password-Authenticated Key Exchange -- Theory, Practice, Standardization and Real-World Lessons (2021)

Password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) is a major area of cryptographic protocol research and practice. Many PAKE proposals have emerged in the 30 years following the original 1992 Encrypted Key Exchange (EKE), some accompanied by new theoretical models to support rigorous analysis. To reduce confusion and encourage practical development, major standards bodies including IEEE, ISO/IEC and the IETF have worked towards standardizing PAKE schemes, with mixed results. Challenges have included contrasts between heuristic protocols and schemes with security proofs, and subtleties in the assumptions of such proofs rendering some schemes unsuitable for practice. Despite initial difficulty identifying suitable use cases, the past decade has seen PAKE adoption in numerous large-scale applications such as Wi-Fi, Apple's iCloud, browser synchronization, e-passports, and the Thread network protocol for Internet of Things devices. Given this backdrop, we consolidate three decades of knowledge on PAKE protocols, integrating theory, practice, standardization and real-world experience. We provide a thorough and systematic review of the field, a summary of the state-of-the-art, a taxonomy to categorize existing protocols, and a comparative analysis of protocol performance using representative schemes from each taxonomy category. We also review real-world applications, summarize lessons learned, and highlight open research problems related to PAKE protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Monofluoroallene and the Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Conjugated Fluorodienes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental verification of derivatives adaptive critic based neurocontroller performance on single turbogenerators on the electric power grid (2003)

The design and real-time implementation of derivatives adaptive critic based neurocontrollers that replace the conventional automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) and turbine governors are presented in this paper. The feedback variables to the neurocontroller are completely based on local measurements from the turbogenerator. Experimental verification results are presented to show the superior performance of the derivatives adaptive critic based neurocontroller, compared to the conventional AVR and turbine governor controllers equipped with a power system stabilizer.
Electrophile-mediated cyclisations involving the allene π-system. Stereoselectivity and synthetic utility of PdII-catalysed heteroatom cyclisation reactions. X-Ray molecular structure of methyl 2-[trans-3-phenyl-N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]acrylate (1992)

PdII-Mediated cyclisation and methoxycarbonylation of the phenyl-substituted allenic sulfonamides 4,5 and 6 gave the corresponding N-sulfonyl 2,3-, 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines 9, 10 and 11, respectively. With the exception of compound 4, cyclisations were not highly selective and similar trends were observed with the α-amino allenic esters 7 and 8. Some improvement, both in yield and diastereoselectivity, was apparent when cyclisations were carried out in the presence of an excess of Et3N. The isolation of acyclic by-products 14 and 15 from α-amino allenic ester 7 suggests that chloropalladiation may play a key role in the mechanism of this cyclisation sequence and similar byproducts were obtained from cyclisation of the unsubstituted allenic sulfonamides 16 and 20 leading to 6- and 7-membered rings, respectively. Other synthetic aspects of this palladium-based chemistry, including efforts directed towards coupling of the cyclisation step with a Heck-type olefination, are also described.
Unusual mesomorphic behaviour of silyloxy-linked chiral bimesogens (2023)

In this article, we report on the synthesis of chiral bimesogens that possess silyloxy central linking groups. On first examination of the mesomorphic properties of the materials by X-ray diffraction and electrical field studies we came to the conclusion that the materials exhibit ferroelectric and antiferroelectric smectic C* phase behaviour. However, detailed investigations of the bimesogens indicated that the phases were not conventional smectics, but in addition strange phases that exhibited natural helical filaments on cooling from the isotropic liquid were formed. Indications are that these phases are possibly related to twist-bend structures or in-plane, modulated bent-core phases.
Minimum Field Strength in Precessional Magnetization Reversal (1999)

Ultrafast magnetic field pulses as short as 2 picoseconds are able to reverse the magnetization in thin, in-plane, magnetized cobalt films. The field pulses are applied in the plane of the film, and their direction encompasses all angles with the magnetization. At a right angle to the magnetization, maximum torque is exerted on the spins. In this geometry, a precessional magnetization reversal can be triggered by fields as small as 184 kiloamperes per meter. Applications in future ultrafast magnetic recording schemes can be foreseen.
A30-year-old woman with breast cancer (2015)

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Robust Algorithms for DOA Estimation and Adaptive Beamforming in Wireless Mobile Communications (2008)

This paper presents a tool for the modelling, analysis and simulation of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and adaptive beamforming needed in the design of smart antenna arrays for wireless mobile communications. The developed tool implements the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithm for DOA estimation and the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm for adaptive beamforming. Performance of each algorithm is investigated with respect to the variation of a number of parameters that related to the signal environment and sensor array. Results of numerical simulation are useful for the design of smart antennas systems with optimal performance. Hence, the developed simulation tool can be used to improve and accelerate the design of wireless networks. It can also be used for computer-aided learning of modern communication systems utilizing smart antenna arrays.
Supplementary Methods from Discovery of Selective Estrogen Receptor Covalent Antagonists for the Treatment of ERα<sup>WT</sup> and ERα<sup>MUT</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional methods provided.&lt;/p&gt;