gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Basis of Skeletal Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency (1976)

The molecular basis of phosphorylase kinase deficiency was investigated in ICR/IAn mice, which show less than 0.2% of normal activity in skeletal muscle (Cohen, P.T.W. and Cohen, P., 1973). The genetics of the deficiency indicate it is a single gene defect on the X-chromosome (Lyon, J.B., 1970). Phosphorylase kinase was purified from skeletal muscle of a control strain, C3H/He-mg, by three different procedures. (a) Ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. (b) Hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B to which antibody to rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase has been linked covalently. (c) Precipitation from muscle extracts with anti-phosphorylase kinase antibody. All three procedures showed C3H/He-mg phosphorylase kinases were similar to the rabbit muscle enzymes, the structures of the two isoenzymes being (alphabetagamma)4 and (alpha'betagamma)4 respectively. The proportion of the (alpha'betagamma)4 isoenzyme relative to the (alphabetagamma)4 isoenzyme was however about 1:1 in murine muscle compared to about 1:10 in rabbit muscle. Since the alpha and alpha' subunits appear to be distinct gene products, the defect in ICR/IAn mice cannot be caused by a mutation in the genes coding for either the alpha or alpha'chains, or 50% of normal activity would be observed. All three procedures for C3H/He-mg mice failed to detect any of the four subunits alpha, alpha', beta and gamma in ICR/IAn mice, suggesting that all four chains are absent in the deficiency. An allele for the beta-subunit was identified in rabbits, and the inheritance of the allele showed that it was determined by an autosomal gene. Assuming conservation of X-linkage between mammals, the defect in ICR/IAn mice cannot be caused by a mutation in a beta-subunit gene. It is proposed that ICR/IAn mice are defective in a control gene located on the X-chromosome which is required for the expression of structural genes, at least one of which, the gene for the beta-subunit, is located on an autosome. The results imply that interchromosomal transfer of information takes place during the synthesis of phosphorylase kinase.
Skeletal muscle non‐shivering thermogenesis in hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrels (2018)

All mammals depend on heat producing mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Skeletal muscle shivering and brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling through the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP‐1) are the identified major sources of heat production, though recently, skeletal muscle has also been highlighted as a thermogenic source. Skeletal muscle nonshivering heat production occurs via sarcolipin (SLN) uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium ATPase (SERCA)‐mediated ATP hydrolysis. SLN may play a significant role in hibernating animals due to the wide temperature range that requires regulation. A thermoregulatory mechanism needs to be in place to suppress heat production during hibernation and also initiate rapid thermogenesis during arousal. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle uncoupling driven by SLN activity is a significant source of thermogenesis and inhibiting this pathway can alter the metabolic rate during hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels (AGS). Specifically, this work aimed to elucidate the role of skeletal muscle SLN uncoupling and its connection with BAT heat production in thermoregulation and metabolic control during temperature fluctuations. AGS were treated with inhibitors of BAT‐uncoupling or skeletal muscle‐uncoupling during hibernation to assess skeletal muscle and BAT ability to aid in heat production. Rate of temperature increase and changes in VO 2 were compared to internal controls during inter‐bout arousals to quantify the effect of suppressing BAT or skeletal muscle uncoupling throughout hibernation. Results show that suppressing skeletal muscle uncoupling by SLN causes a significant reduction in metabolic rate during AGS rewarming. Interestingly, inhibition of BAT thermogenesis did not reduce metabolic rate. Inhibition of thermogenic sources highlighted the importance of SLN uncoupling and metabolism in thermogenesis and systemic thermoregulation. Thermogenesis control is directly linked to metabolic rate and energy loss regulation, and thus influencing thermoregulation processes has the potential for translation to innovative treatments for obesity and other diseases and conditions relevant to metabolism. Support or Funding Information Research reported in this publication was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM103395. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the NIH. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Microarray expression analysis of meiosis and microsporogenesis in hexaploid bread wheat (2006)

This resource is now available to support research into the molecular basis of pairing and recombination control in the complex polyploid, wheat.
Biophysical Characterization of the adr Subtype of Hepatitis B Antigen and Preparation of Anti-γ Sera in Rabbits (1975)

Abstract The biophysical properties of the adr subtype of HBsAg were determined and found to be identical to those of the adw and ayw phenotypes. These properties were used to purify the 22 nm spherical form of HBsAg/adr from the serum of a chronic antigen carrier by using zonal centrifuge techniques. The purified antigen was injected into 15 rabbits which were bled weekly to follow the development of antibodies to HBsAg by hemagglutination, and to the subtype determinants of HBsAg by counterelectrophoresis and agar gel diffusion (AGD) assays. From these data and two pilot studies to produce anti-w using an adw and an ayw antigen the relative immunogenicities of the various HBsAg determinants could be ranked as a &amp;gt; r &amp;gt; d &amp;gt; y &amp;gt;&amp;gt; w. A selected pool of the sera from the rabbits immunized with HBsAg/adr was prepared as an interim reference reagent; when diluted 1:4 in saline and tested by AGD, it contains anti-a and anti-r without demonstrable anti-d or anti-normal human serum activity.
Alternating electric fields (TTFields) induce immunogenic cell death resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy when combined with anti-PD-1 therapy (2016)

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are an effective anti-neoplastic treatment modality delivered via noninvasive application of low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields. This therapy is approved for the treatment of patients with glioblastoma. Previous investigations have shown that TTFields disrupt microtubules and septin filaments, both of which govern key roles in mitosis. Some of the outcomes of mitosis under TTFields application include abnormal chromosome segregation and ER stress which trigger different forms of cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that application of TTFields leads to the exposure of calreticulin on the surface of different cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, the combined treatment of lung tumor-bearing mice with TTFields and anti-PD-1 led to a significant decrease in tumor volume compared to control group and to animals treated with anti-PD-1 alone. An increase in CD45+ tumor infiltrating cells was observed in both anti-PD-1 and TTFields+anti-PD-1 groups although statistical significance was reached only in the combination treatment group. Interestingly, CD45+ cells from the combination treatment group also demonstrated a significant upregulation of PD-L1 expression on the cell surface. Specifically, this upregulation in the PD-L1 expression was observed in both F4/80+CD11+ cells and CD11c+ cells whereas no significant effect on the infiltration pattern of these immune cell populations was noted. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TTFields application potentiates immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and that combining TTFields with specific immunotherapies such as anti-PD-1 might achieve tumor control by further enhancing antitumor immunity.
Different Roles of Odontoblasts and Fibroblasts in Immunity (2008)

Odontoblasts and fibroblasts are suspected to influence the innate immune response triggered in the dental pulp by micro-organisms that progressively invade the human tooth during the caries process. To determine whether they differ in their responses to oral pathogens, we performed a systematic comparative analysis of odontoblast-like cell and pulp fibroblast responses to TLR2-, TLR3-, and TLR4-specific agonists (lipoteichoic acid [LTA], double-stranded RNA, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS], respectively). Cells responded to these agonists by differential up-regulation of chemokine gene expression. CXCL2 and CXCL10 were thus increased by LTA only in odontoblast-like cells, while LPS increased CCL7, CCL26, and CXCL11 only in fibroblasts. Supernatants of stimulated cultures increased migration of immature dendritic cells compared with controls, odontoblast-like cells being more potent attractants than fibroblasts. Analysis of these data suggests that odontoblasts and pulp fibroblasts differ in their innate immune responses to oral micro-organisms that invade the pulp tissue.
Optimizing the Piston/Bore Tribology: The Role of Surface Specifications, Ring Pack, and Lubricant (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The present study looks into different possibilities for tribological optimization of the piston/bore system in heavy duty diesel engines. Both component rig tests and numerical simulations are used to understand the roles of surface specifications, ring pack, and lubricant in the piston/bore tribology. Run-in dynamics, friction, wear and combustion chamber sealing are considered. The performance of cylinder liners produced using a conventional plateau honing technology and a novel mechanochemical surface finishing process - ANS Triboconditioning® - is compared and the importance of in-design “pairing” of low-viscosity motor oils with the ring pack and the cylinder bore characteristics in order to achieve maximum improvement in fuel economy without sacrificing the endurance highlighted. A special emphasis is made on studying morphological changes in the cylinder bore surface during the honing, run-in and Triboconditioning® processes. It is demonstrated that the Triboconditioning® treatment, while in certain aspects resembling the run-in process, provides a greater effect depth and results in a beneficial tribological performance profile. In particular, the Triboconditioning® treatment of cylinder liners allows significant reduction in top ring wear when low viscosity motor oil is used for improved energy efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The mechanisms of ornithine decarboxylase deregulation in c-Ha-ras oncogene-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. (1988)

NIH 3T3 cells transformed with the human c-Ha-rasVal-12 oncogene showed markedly enhanced activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, as compared with their nontransformed counterparts. While in normal and in c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene-transfected cells stimulation with serum caused a transient induction of ODC, in cells transfected with the mutant c-Ha-ras oncogene the activity of ODC persisted at high levels for greatly extended periods of time. The amounts of immunoreactive ODC protein roughly paralleled the changes in the enzyme activity. The augmentation of ODC content by transformation could be largely, but not solely, accounted for by an enhanced accumulation of ODC mRNA. Nuclear run-off transcription assays demonstrated that in transformed cells the rate of transcription of the ODC gene was increased but to a much lower extent than the increase in the level of ODC mRNA. The turnover of ODC mRNA, as measured after actinomycin D treatment, was negligible in transformed cells for up to 8 h, whereas in normal cells the messenger content was initially decreased, by 40% within 4 h, and then remained constant. In normal cells, however, actinomycin D depressed the expression of ODC by more than 80%, while in transformed cells the activity of ODC was slightly superinduced, corresponding to the changes of ODC mRNA. These findings suggest that labile proteins may be involved in the regulation of both the stability and translatability of the ODC mRNA. Transformation led also to about 3-fold stabilization of ODC as determined by an exposure of the cells to cycloheximide. The results thus suggest ODC deregulation at multiple levels in the ras-oncogene-transformed cells.
Four-wave mixing at maximum coherence and eliminated Doppler broadening controlled with the driving fields (2000)

New feasibity of coherent quantum control of four-wave mixing processes in a resonant Doppler-broadened medium are studied. We propose a technique which enables one to enhance the quantum efficiency of nonlinear optical conversion. At the same time, it allows one to decrease the required intensities of the fundamental beams compared to those necessary in the approach based on coherent population trapping. The major outcomes of the analysis are illustrated with numerical simulation addressed within a practical medium.
The FUS-DDIT3 Interactome in Myxoid Liposarcoma (2019)

Myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant lipogenic tumor that develops in deep soft tissues. While local control rates are good, current chemotherapy options remain ineffective against metastatic disease. Myxoid liposarcoma is characterized by the FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncoprotein that is proposed to function as an aberrant transcription factor, but its exact mechanism of action has remained unclear. To identify the key functional interacting partners of FUS-DDIT3, this study utilized immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to identify the FUS-DDIT3 interactome in whole cell lysates of myxoid liposarcoma cells, and results showed an enrichment of RNA processing proteins. Further quantitative MS analyses of FUS-DDIT3 complexes isolated from nuclear lysates showed that members of several chromatin regulatory complexes were present in the FUS-DDIT3 interactome, including NuRD, SWI/SNF, PRC1, PRC2, and MLL1 COMPASS-like complexes. Co-immunoprecipitation validated the associations of FUS-DDIT3 with BRG1/SMARCA4, BAF155/SMARCC1, BAF57/SMARCE1, and KDM1A. Data from this study provides candidates for functional validation as potential therapeutic targets, particularly for emerging epigenetic drugs.
[Role of N-linked glycans in the functions of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins]. (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped virus and encodes two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2. E1 and E2 are transmembrane type I proteins with a N-terminal ectodomain and C-terminal anchor. During their synthesis, E1 and E2 ectodomains are targeted in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen where they are modified by N-linked glycosylation. After their synthesis, E1 and E2 assemble as a non-covalent heterodimer. The N-linked glycosylation is based on the recognition of specific asparagine residue in the context of the consensus sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr. E1 contains potentially 4 or 5 N-linked glycosylation sites and E2 up to 11. Recent data indicated that some glycans of glycoproteins E1 and E2 play a major role in protein folding and heterodimer formation. Some N-linked glycans of E2 were involved in interactions with CD81, a putative cellular receptor for HCV. It appeared that N-linked glycans of E1 and E2 played an important role of in the viral entry.
Structural insights intoM2O–Al2O3–WO3(M= Na, K) system by electron diffraction tomography (2015)

The M2O-Al2O3-WO3 (M = alkaline metals) system has attracted the attention of the scientific community because some of its members showed potential applications as single crystalline media for tunable solid-state lasers. These materials behave as promising laser host materials due to their high and continuous transparency in the wide range of the near-IR region. A systematic investigation of these phases is nonetheless hampered because it is impossible to produce large crystals and only in a few cases a pure synthetic product can be achieved. Despite substantial advances in X-ray powder diffraction methods, structure investigation on nanoscale is still challenging, especially when the sample is polycrystalline and the structures are affected by pseudo-symmetry. Electron diffraction has the advantage of collecting data from single nanoscopic crystals, but it is frequently limited by incompleteness and dynamical effects. Automated diffraction tomography (ADT) recently emerged as an alternative approach able to collect more complete three-dimensional electron diffraction data and at the same time to significantly reduce dynamical scattering. ADT data have been shown to be suitable for ab initio structure solution of phases with large cell parameters, and for detecting pseudo-symmetry that was undetected in X-ray powder data. In this work we present the structure investigation of two hitherto undetermined compounds, K5Al(W3O11)2 and NaAl(WO4)2, by a combination of electron diffraction tomography and precession electron diffraction. We also stress how electron diffraction tomography can be used to obtain direct information about symmetry and pseudo-symmetry for nanocrystalline phases, even when available only in polyphasic mixtures.
Examination of phase retrieval algorithms for patterned EUV mask metrology (2015)

We evaluate the performance of several phase retrieval algorithms using through-focus aerial image measurements of patterned EUV photomasks. Patterns present a challenge for phase retrieval algorithms due to the high- contrast and strong diffraction they produce. For this study, we look at the ability to correctly recover phase for line-space patterns on an EUV mask with a TaN absorber and for an etched EUV multilayer phase shift mask. The recovered phase and amplitude extracted from measurements taken using the SHARP EUV microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is compared to rigorous, 3D electromagnetic simulations. The impact of uncertainty in background intensity, coherence, and focus on the recovered field is evaluated to see if the algorithms respond differently.
The postprandial secretion of peptide YY1‐36 and 3‐36 in obesity is differentially increased after gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy (2022)

There appears to be no difference in PYY secretion between nonobese and obese volunteers at baseline. At 1 year after surgery, RYGB, but not SG, is associated with increased postprandial secretion of PYY<sub>1-36</sub> and PYY<sub>3-36</sub> , which may account for long-term differences in efficacy and adverse effects between the two types of surgery.
“Lattice Strain Matching”‐Enabled Nanocomposite Design to Harness the Exceptional Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials in Bulk Forms (2019)

Nanosized materials are known to have the ability to withstand ultralarge elastic strains (4-10%) and to have ultrahigh strengths approaching their theoretical limits. However, it is a long-standing challenge to harnessing their exceptional intrinsic mechanical properties in bulk forms. This is commonly known as "the valley of death" in nanocomposite design. In 2013, a breakthrough was made to overcome this challenge by using a martensitic phase transforming matrix to create a composite in which ultralarge elastic lattice strains up to 6.7% are achieved in Nb nanoribbons embedded in it. This breakthrough was enabled by a novel concept of phase transformation assisted lattice strain matching between the uniform ultralarge elastic strains (4-10%) of nanomaterials and the uniform crystallographic lattice distortion strains (4-10%) of the martensitic phase transformation of the matrix. This novel concept has opened new opportunities for developing materials of exceptional mechanical properties or enhanced functional properties that are not possible before. The work in progress in this research over the past six years is reported.
Irisfixierte phake Intraokularlinse (2019)

In der refraktiven Chirurgie können wir zwischen zahlreichen Verfahren zur Behandlung von Fehlsichtigkeiten auswählen. Im Allgemeinen unterscheidet man zwischen additiven Verfahren, bei denen dem Patienten eine künstliche Linse implantiert wird (refraktive Linsenimplantation), und subtraktiven Verfahren, bei denen dem Patienten Gewebe der Hornhaut mittels unterschiedlichen Lasermethoden abgetragen wird. Im folgenden Artikel möchten wir speziell auf die irisfixierte phake Vorderkammerlinse eingehen. Derzeit gibt es starre und flexible irisfixierte Vorderkammerlinsen. Der große Vorteil der faltbaren Version gegenüber der starren Linse besteht darin, dass die gefaltete Linse über einen nur 3,2 mm kleinen Schnitt ins Auge implantiert werden kann und somit der durch die Operation induzierte Astigmatismus vermindert und die Heilungsdauer verkürzt wird. Bei 136 Augen von 79 Patienten im mittleren Alter von 38 ± 9,5 Jahren (20 bis 61 Jahre) mit einem mittleren sphärischen Äquivalent von −8,85 dpt ± 2,28 dpt (−2,63 bis −13,75 dpt) und einem mittleren refraktiven Astigmatismus von 1,95 dpt ± 0,82 dpt (1 bis 5 dpt) wurde eine torische Artiflex® implantiert. Nach 24 Monaten liegt das mittlere sphärische Äquivalent bei −0,08 dpt (−1,25 bis +0,63 dpt), 100 % liegen innerhalb von ±1 dpt, 96 % innerhalb von ±0,5 dpt der gewünschten Zielrefraktion. Zwei Jahre postoperativ erreichen 85 % der Augen einen unkorrigierten Fernvisus von 1,0 oder besser, 54 % von 1,25 oder besser und 16 % von 1,6 oder besser. Der Endothelzellverlust beträgt 0,89 %. Es kam zu keinen postoperativen Komplikationen. Die Implantation von irisfixierten phaken Intraokularlinsen ist ein sichereres, effizientes, vorhersagbares und stabiles Verfahren zur Korrektur von moderater und hoher Myopie und Astigmatismus.
Optical tweezers and fluid characteristics of an optical rotator with slopes on the surface upon which light is incident and a cylindrical body (2003)

The characteristics of the optical trapping force, optical torque, and viscous drag force for a newly proposed cylindrical optical rotator are analyzed. The optical trapping force and torque are evaluated by use of a ray optics model for both parallel and focused laser beam illumination. The drag force is calculated from computational fluid dynamics to be the sum of the components of both the pressure and the shearing stress on all the surfaces of the rotator. We analyze the rotation rate by balancing the optical torque with the drag force. A cylindrical optical rotator is expected to rotate at a high speed because of its highly efficient generation of optical torque and its small viscous drag force.
Laser Heated Nanodroplet PCR on a Petri dish (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Kim, S. Vishniakou, and G. W. Faris, "Laser Heated Nanodroplet PCR on a Petri dish," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper CMMM6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article