gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-müllerian hormone in children with androgen insensitivity. (1994)

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance or factor, is secreted in high amounts by the immature Sertoli cell; it is negatively regulated by testosterone at puberty. In the present study, we measured serum AMH in 20 patients with defects of androgen synthesis or action: 9 with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, 9 with a partial form, 1 patient with 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, and 1 with Leydig cell agenesis. AMH was also determined in 15 control patients with idiopathic male pseudohermaphroditism. The serum AMH concentration was elevated in all testosterone-insensitive or -deficient patients compared with control levels during the first year of life. From 1 yr of age to the onset of puberty, serum AMH levels in patients with androgen insensitivity returned to normal values, but after pubertal development began, AMH levels again rose to extremely high levels in the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. These results suggest that AMH is negatively regulated by testosterone not only at puberty, but also during the postnatal period. An elevation of serum AMH appears to be an interesting marker of androgen resistance or defect of androgen production in sexually ambiguous male infants.
Magnetic Resonance Temperature Imaging of Laser-Induced Thermotherapy: Assessment of Fast Sequences in Ex Vivo Porcine Liver (2013)

The PRF method with seg-EPI sequence is preferred for thermometry during LITT owing to higher precision and accuracy. Among T(1)-method sequences, FLASH showed higher accuracy and robustness.
PaTre: A METHOD FOR PARALOGY TREE CONSTRUCTION (2001)

Genes belonging to the same organism are called paralogs when they show a significant similarity in the sequences, even if they have a different biological function. It is an emergent biological paradigm that the families of paralogs in a genome derive from a mechanism of gene duplication-with-modification, repeated many times in the history of the organism. This paradigm could be at the basis of the increase in the complexity of the organisms observed during evolution. In order to understand how such process could have taken place, it is necessary to put the paralogs belonging to same family in a tree which describes the history of their appearance in the genome: a paralogy tree. Here we present a method, called PaTre, which is able to generate paralogy trees by receiving in input a family of genes. The reliability of the inferential process has been tested by means of a simulator that implemented different hypotheses on the duplication-with-modification paradigm. The simulator receives in input a sequence and generates some copies of it which are modified accordingly to probability distributions derived from statistical genomics. These sequences are then used to test the robustness of PaTre. The experimental results show that PaTre constructs a set of paralogy trees which always contains the correct one. The size of this set can be seen to be related to the completeness of the input set of sequences; in particular, when the input set is complete then PaTre constructs very few paralogy trees. A user could exploit this property to measure the incompleteness of an input set of sequences. The robustness and biological applications of PaTre will be discussed.
Entwicklung der Behandlungs- und Datenqualität gemessen am Blutdruck von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 (DM1) und Typ 2 (DM2) im Akutkrankenhaus, der Diabetesfachklinik und in der Diabetesschwerpunktpraxis von 2004 bis 2007 (2008)

Einleitung: Optimale Blutdruckwerte (RR) sind für die Prävention diabetischer Folgeerkrankungen mindestens genauso wichtig wie optimale Blutglucosewerte. Die Bedeutung einer guten RR-Einstellung für Patienten mit DM1 und DM2 wurde erst in den letzten Jahren durch prospektive Langzeitstudien belegt. Die DDG hat gestufte Anerkennungsrichtlinien für Einrichtungen zur Versorgung von Personen mit Diabetes mellitus (DM) festgelegt. Es wird u.a. ein Standarddatensatz patientenbezogener Qualitätsindikatoren erhoben. Die Daten- und Behandlungsqualität der RR-Werte von 2004–2007 auf den Versorgungsebenen Schwerpunktpraxis (SPP), Diabetesfachklinik (FK) und Akutkrankenhaus (AK) wird dargestellt.
Diffuse structured light (2012)

Today, structured light systems are widely used in applications such as robotic assembly, visual inspection, surgery, entertainment, games and digitization of cultural heritage. Current structured light methods are faced with two serious limitations. First, they are unable to cope with scene regions that produce strong highlights due to specular reflection. Second, they cannot recover useful information for regions that lie within shadows. We observe that many structured light methods use illumination patterns that have translational symmetry, i.e., two-dimensional patterns that vary only along one of the two dimensions. We show that, for this class of patterns, diffusion of the patterns along the axis of translation can mitigate the adverse effects of specularities and shadows. We show results for two applications - 3D scanning using phase shifting of sinusoidal patterns and separation of direct and global components of light transport using high-frequency binary stripes.
Anisotropic terahertz conductivity of one-dimensional electrons in single-walled carbon nanotubes (2010)

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of a highly-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube film reveals strongly anisotropic responses. The deduced complex dynamic conductivity clearly showed a non-Drude-like frequency dependence, with the real part showing a peak at ∼ 4 THz.
Scanning-tunneling-microscopy signatures and chemical identifications of the (110) surface of Si-doped GaAs (1993)

The electronic properties of the (110) surface of both pure and Si-doped bulk GaAs are studied using first-principles total-energy calculations within the local-density functional and pseudopotential approximations. The wave functions of the relaxed configurations are used to generate theoretical scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM) images. For the clean surface, the buckling angle of the surface Ga-As bond is found to be 26\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and the theoretically generated STM images are in good agreement with those obtained from experiment. For the Si-doped GaAs(110) surface, the extra electron of the Si substitutional at a Ga site on the surface is found to be well-localized around the Si atom. In addition, dangling-bond states of surface As atoms bordering the Si substitutional are found to be altered due to the distinctively different chemical property of the Si substitutionals. These features should act as a signature for the location of the substitutional surface Si atoms via either voltage-dependent STM imaging or current-voltage (I-V) measurements of various positions on the surface.
Significant Structural Breaks in the International Incidence of Hepatitis Delta Virus (2021)

ABSTRACT Background &amp; Aims The international incidence of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is challenging to accurately estimate due to limited testing and lack of active surveillance for this rare infectious disease. These limitations prevent the detection of low-level and/or geographically dispersed changes in the incidence of HDV diagnoses. A study was designed to enable international active tracking and analyses of HDV epidemiology by aggregating international HDV and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) diagnoses datasets. Methods Publicly accessible datasets containing yearly incidence for HDV and HBV diagnoses were mined from government publications for Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, Macao, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to determine the best-fitting breakpoint model for the number of breakpoints and the break dates identified using the determined model. Results Aggregated analysis of these HDV and HBV datasets spanning 1999-2020 identified structural breaks in the timeline of HDV incidence in 2002, 2012, and 2017. A significant increase in the international HDV incidence, relative to reported HBV diagnoses, occurred in 2013-2017. Secondary analysis identified four distinct temporal clusters of HDV incidence, including Cluster I (Macao, Taiwan), Cluster II (Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Thailand), Cluster III (Bulgaria, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States), and Cluster IV (Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden). Conclusion Re-evaluation of the testing paradigm for HDV in HBV-positive patients and an active surveillance status of HDV are warranted to define the etiology of the structural breaks in HDV incidence timelines.
Structure of the inhibitor complex of old yellow enzyme fromTrypanosoma cruzi (2010)

Old yellow enzyme (OYE) is an NADPH oxidoreductase which contains flavin mononucleotide as prosthetic group. The X-ray structures of OYE from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcOYE) which produces prostaglandin (PG) F(2α) from PGH(2) have been determined in the presence or absence of menadione. The binding motif of menadione, known as one of the inhibitors for TcOYE, should accelerate the structure-based development of novel anti-chagasic drugs that inhibit PGF(2α) production specifically.
List Mode Image Reconstruction With a Multi-pinhole Triple Head SPECT System (2018)

A multi-pinhole single photon emission CT (SPECT) system enables acquisition of list-mode data without gamma camera rotation, and thus enables observation of the function of organs dynamically. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the image with list-mode data acquired by the multi-pinhole SPECT system. We adopted a triple head gamma camera system and multi-pinhole collimators with eleven pinholes. The diameter of a pinhole was 5 mm. The distance between the pinhole plate and detector was 7.6 cm and that between the pinhole collimator to object center was 25 cm. To evaluate the quality of the reconstructed image we used a blood flow phantom. The radius of the outer cylinder filled with water was 7.5 cm and that of the small cylinder filled with water was 0.75 cm. In this phantom, activity within a thin disc (thickness: 1 voxel) moved from the top to bottom of the small cylinder. The speed of the activity was 1 voxel/sec (1.5 mm/sec). We set an activity of 2 MBq/voxel in the voxels of the disc and 20 kBq/voxel in those of the large cylinder. Projection data were acquired for 20 sec. each 1 sec. interval. The size of a reconstruction area was 128 × 128 × 128 voxels, and that of a voxel was 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The size of a detector was 256 × 512 pixels with a pixel size of 0.8 × 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In addition, we used a brain phantom to measure time activity curves (TACs) set to four regions. In this simulation we measured projection data with an acquisition time of 20 sec. We acquired list-mode data using Monte Carlo simulations. Image reconstruction was performed with the list-mode ML-EM algorithm, and we corrected for the effect of absorption and scatter of gamma-rays and efficiency of pinholes. The result showed that the multi-pinhole SPECT system attached to the triple head gamma camera was expected to measure a TAC of an organ as well as a PET system.
Personalized Online Machine Learning (2021)

In this work, we introduce the Personalized Online Super Learner (POSL) -- an online ensembling algorithm for streaming data whose optimization procedure accommodates varying degrees of personalization. Namely, POSL optimizes predictions with respect to baseline covariates, so personalization can vary from completely individualized (i.e., optimization with respect to baseline covariate subject ID) to many individuals (i.e., optimization with respect to common baseline covariates). As an online algorithm, POSL learns in real-time. POSL can leverage a diversity of candidate algorithms, including online algorithms with different training and update times, fixed algorithms that are never updated during the procedure, pooled algorithms that learn from many individuals' time-series, and individualized algorithms that learn from within a single time-series. POSL's ensembling of this hybrid of base learning strategies depends on the amount of data collected, the stationarity of the time-series, and the mutual characteristics of a group of time-series. In essence, POSL decides whether to learn across samples, through time, or both, based on the underlying (unknown) structure in the data. For a wide range of simulations that reflect realistic forecasting scenarios, and in a medical data application, we examine the performance of POSL relative to other current ensembling and online learning methods. We show that POSL is able to provide reliable predictions for time-series data and adjust to changing data-generating environments. We further cultivate POSL's practicality by extending it to settings where time-series enter/exit dynamically over chronological time.
Methods to radiolabel natural organic matter by reduction with hydrogen labeled reducing agents (2023)

Methods to radiolabel natural organic matter by reduction with a hydrogen labeled reducing agent, and compositions, are provided.
Perception of others' body sizes is predicted by own body size (2017)

Previous research demonstrated that estimates of others' body sizes are biased towards the average body size in the population (Cornelissen, Gledhill, Cornelissen & Tovée, 2016). Bodies in the environment not only influence the internal reference of what is perceived as average or "normal", but also play an essential role in self-body size evaluation via social comparison (Cattarin, Thompson, Thomas & Williams, 2000). In two psychophysical experiments, we asked whether there is also an influence of own body size on the perception of others' body sizes. For Experiment 1, four biometric female avatars with a body mass index (BMI) of 15, 25, 35, and 45 were generated, and then their weight was altered (± 5, ±10, ±15, and ±20% BMI change) based on a statistical body model. For each of the avatar series, female participants spanning the BMI range memorized what the avatar's body looked like and then responded for the presented bodies varying in weight whether it was the same as the one memorized. Results showed no influence of participants' BMI on the accuracy of body size estimates, but sensitivity to weight changes was highest for bodies close to one's own BMI. In Experiment 2, we examined whether this effect was driven by memory or perceptual factors. Specifically, in a 2-alternative forced choice discrimination task, two bodies were presented simultaneously using the same BMI categories as in Experiment 1. If participants' body size influences sensitivity during simultaneous presentation, it would suggest that the effect found in Experiment 1 is not due to a better memorization of bodies that are close to one's own body size. Again, sensitivity to differences in body weight was highest for bodies close to one's own BMI. These results suggest that our own body size influences our perceptual ability to discriminate the sizes of other's bodies. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Low-Power and Reference-Less Data and Clock Recovery Circuit for Visible Light Receivers (2018)

In this paper a low power all-digital clock and data recovery (ADCDR) with 1Mhz frequency has been proposed. The proposed circuit is designed for optical receiver circuit on the battery-less photovoltaic IoT (Internet of Things) tags. The conventional RF receiver has been replaced by the visible light optical receiver for battery-less IoT tags. With this proposed ADCDR a low voltage, low power consumption &amp; tiny IoT tags can be fabricated. The proposed circuit achieve the maximum bandwidth of 1MHz, which is compatible with the commercial available LED and light sensor. The proposed circuit has been fabricated in TSMC 0.18um 1P6M standard CMOS process. Experimental results show that the power consumption of the optical receiver is approximately 5.58uW with a supply voltage of 1V and the data rate achieves 1Mbit/s. The lock time of the ADCDR is 0.893ms with 3.31ns RMS jitter period.
Heterozygote PCR Product Melting Curve Prediction (2013)

Melting curve prediction of PCR products is limited to perfectly complementary strands. Multiple domains are calculated by recursive nearest neighbor thermodynamics. However, the melting curve of an amplicon containing a heterozygous single-nucleotide variant (SNV) after PCR is the composite of four duplexes: two matched homoduplexes and two mismatched heteroduplexes. To better predict the shape of composite heterozygote melting curves, 52 experimental curves were compared with brute force in silico predictions varying two parameters simultaneously: the relative contribution of heteroduplex products and an ionic scaling factor for mismatched tetrads. Heteroduplex products contributed 25.7 ± 6.7% to the composite melting curve, varying from 23%-28% for different SNV classes. The effect of ions on mismatch tetrads scaled to 76%-96% of normal (depending on SNV class) and averaged 88 ± 16.4%. Based on uMelt (www.dna.utah.edu/umelt/umelt.html) with an expanded nearest neighbor thermodynamic set that includes mismatched base pairs, uMelt HETS calculates helicity as a function of temperature for homoduplex and heteroduplex products, as well as the composite curve expected from heterozygotes. It is an interactive Web tool for efficient genotyping design, heterozygote melting curve prediction, and quality control of melting curve experiments. The application was developed in Actionscript and can be found online at http://www.dna.utah.edu/hets/.
Potential of Metabolic Agents As Adjunct Therapies in Heart Failure (2007)

Heart failure continues to have a significant morbidity and mortality rate despite several recent advances in treatment such as additional neurohumoral blockades and cardiac resynchronization therapy. There is emerging evidence that, irrespective of etiology, heart failure is associated with an energetic disorder and that this may contribute to the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Recently, a number of studies have suggested that some metabolic agents may have potential as adjunctive therapy in patients with heart failure. These agents cause a shift of myocardial-substrate utilization away from free fatty acids toward glucose. Free fatty acid utilization consumes more oxygen to generate an equivalent amount of energy compared with glucose. Some of these agents are also effective antianginals, presumably by reducing the myocardial oxygen requirement. In this review we will discuss some of the current issues and progresses relating to metabolic manipulation in heart failure.
<title>Very high temperature fiber processing and testing through the use of ultrahigh solar energy concentration</title> (1991)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of a high temperature cool-wall optical furnace that harnesses the unique power of concentrated solar heating for advanced materials processing and testing. Out small-scale test furnace achieved temperatures as high as 2400 C within a 10 mm X 0.44 mm cylindrical hot-zone. Optimum performance and efficiency resulted from an innovative two-stage optical design using a long-focal length, point-focus, conventional primary concentrator and a non-imaging secondary concentrator specifically designed for the cylindrical geometry of the target fiber. A scale-up analysis suggests that even higher temperatures can be achieved over hot zones large enough for practical commercial fiber post- processing and testing.
The Psychometric Properties and Clinical Utility of the Korean Version of GAD-7 and GAD-2 (2019)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common but serious form of anxiety disorder. Despite this, the rate of GAD recognition in primary care remains low in both Western and Eastern countries. The GAD-7 and GAD-2 were developed to efficiently identify people with GAD, and their reliability and validity have been well-documented in Western countries. The GAD-7 and GAD-2 have also been widely utilized to screen for other anxiety disorders; however, their diagnostic utility has not been fully justified with empirical support, especially in East Asian samples. In this study, we examined the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of these screening tools for identifying individuals with GAD or other anxiety disorders, and recommended screening cutoff scores for GAD and other anxiety disorders for use in Korea. Based on the rigorous standard suggested by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2, a total of 1,157 participants randomly recruited from the community completed the GAD-7, GAD-2, and other anxiety and depression measures in a counter-balanced order. All participants were assessed, and their psychiatric diagnosis confirmed through a structured clinical interview conducted by independent clinicians blinded to the results of the self-report questionnaires. The GAD-7 and GAD-2 both showed excellent reliability and validity. Notably, both the GAD-7 and GAD-2 demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy in detecting GAD with similar recommended cut-off scores as those reported in Western countries, but unacceptable diagnostic accuracy for other anxiety disorders. We conclude that given their brevity, the GAD-7 and GAD-2 can be well-utilized to identify people with GAD for preventative evaluation and treatment in Korea. Use of the GAD-7 and GAD-2 for screening other anxiety disorders should be cautioned.
Novel 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propanes as leukotriene D4 antagonists (1986)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a number of 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propanes, which are in vivo antagonists of LTD4 in the guinea pig, are described. One of these compounds, 4 (Wy-44,329), was not only approximately equipotent with the standard 1 (FPL 55712) in the LTC4 (ID50 = 0.17 and 0.23 mg/kg iv, respectively) and LTD4 (ID50 = 0.11 and 0.15 mg/kg iv, respectively) challenge models but also possessed greater potency in the ovalbumin challenge model (ID50 = 0.47 mg/kg and 4.1 mg/kg iv, respectively) and a longer duration of action. This compound was a competitive LTD4 antagonist on guinea pig ileum (pA2 = 9.4) and possessed mediator release (rat PCA, ID50 = 0.26 mg/kg iv) and 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 32 microM vs. 5-HETE) inhibitory activities.