gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic studies of cerebellar histogenesis in the premetamorphic bullfrog tadpole: I. Generation of the external granular layer (1987)

This study examines the time of origin of cells in the external granular layer (EGL) in the frog cerebellum during early stages of development. Premetamorphic bullfrog tadpoles were given multiple intraperitoneal injections of 3H-thymidine (10 microCi/g body weight per injection) at developmental stages ranging from 4 weeks to 1 year and were killed at either 6 or 12 months of age. Autoradiograms were analyzed to determine the time when cells of the EGL were generated by an examination of the labeling pattern in the neuroepithelial cap where EGL cells were presumably formed and in the EGL into which they migrated. The developmental stage of the cerebellum in the 6-month-old tadpole was essentially the same as that of the 12-month-old animal except for an increased size in the older tadpole. The cerebellum in both age groups contained a distinct neuroepithelial cap and an EGL, which was somewhat better formed in the 12-month-old tadpole. Some heavily labeled cells were found in the neuroepithelial caps of 6-month-old tadpoles from injection times of 6 weeks to 6 months. In the cerebella of 12-month-old tadpoles, however, heavily labeled cells were found in the neuroepithelial cap only with the injection time of 12 months; with injection times from 7 to 11 months, the cells were labeled lightly. Labeled EGL cells were found in the cerebella of 6-month-old tadpoles from an injection time of 6 weeks on; with injection times from 10 weeks to 6 months some EGL cells contained heavy amounts of label. In the cerebella of 12-month-old tadpoles, labeling of EGL cells was not detectable with injection times of 7-9 months; they contained light to medium labeling with injection times of 10 and 11 months and heavy labeling when injected at 12 months. These results indicate that EGL cells are generated continuously in premetamorphic tadpoles from the age of 6 weeks to 12 months. Furthermore, these results suggest that the rate of EGL cell formation is faster during the second half-year of development than during the first.
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion depends on FFA1 and Gq in neonatal mouse islets (2023)

FFA1 promotes glucose-responsive insulin secretion and functional maturation of newborn islets and is required for adaptive offspring insulin secretion in the face of metabolic challenge, such as parental HFD.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Additionally Diagnosed as Gestational Diabetes by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Criteria (2019)

The IADPSG criteria increased the incidence of GDM by nearly three-fold, and women diagnosed with GDM by the IADPSG criteria had an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Korea.
Nanoparticle concentrations and composition in a dental office and dental laboratory: A pilot study on the influence of working procedures (2018)

During material treatment in dentistry particles of different size are released in the air. To examine the degree of particle exposure, air scanning to dental employees was performed by the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. The size, shape and chemical composition of particles collected with a low-pressure impactor were determined by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray dispersive analysis. The average concentrations of nanoparticles during working periods in a clean dental laboratory (45,000-56,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>), in an unclean dental laboratory (28,000-74,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>), and in a dental office (21,000-50,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>), were significantly higher compared to average concentrations during nonworking periods in the clean dental laboratory (11,000-24,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>), unclean laboratory (14,000-40,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>), and dental office (13,000-26,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>). Peak concentration of nanoparticles in work-intensive periods were found significantly higher (up to 773,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>), compared to the non-working periods (147,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>) and work-less intensive periods (365,000 particles/cm<sup>3</sup>). The highest mass concentration value ranged from 0.055-0.166 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. X-ray dispersive analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, potassium, oxygen, iron, aluminum, zinc, silicon, and phosphorus as integral elements of dental restorative materials in form of nanoparticle clusters, all smaller than 100 nm. We concluded that dental employees are exposed to nanoparticles in their working environment and are therefore potentially at risk for certain respiratory and systematic diseases.
Laser Bonding of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics (2011)

Orthopaedic implants have been fixed to bone tissue by other artificial materials such as bone cement or clinical screws. It is important to develop the bonding technique between bone and implant materials directly. Laser technique with high energy density is effective tool for bonding the different materials in short duration precisely. In this study, the laser technique for the bonding of bone and implant material has been proposed. The applications of laser technique were examined for the sintered (HAp), glass-added hydroxyapatite (G-HAp) and bone tissue. As a result of laser irradiation on brittle HAp, the cracks appeared near the melting region. However, on G-HAp containing cordierite-glass ceramics with a low linear expansion coefficient, crack-generation was reduced and performance of laser processing improved. The application for the bonding of bone and G-HAp showed that a sufficient bonding was achieved by the generation of melting region of HAp and bone with cavities by the evaporation of bone tissue.
Differential detection of coherence functions and its application (1980)

Coherence functions on infinitesimal intervals are measured sequentially by detecting intensities after interfering with neighboring wave fields. They are combined arithmetically so that the coherence function over any desired interval is obtained. This method has special features: (i) the effect of turbulence in front of the detector can be eliminated; and, (ii) the coherence function over any distance can be obtained without physically expanding the span of the arm of the interferometer. The principal algorithm of coherence function derivation, discussions about the effectiveness and limitation of the method, and an application of the method are described.
Synthetic Peptide Libraries: From Random Mixtures to In Vivo Testing (2018)

Combinatorially generated molecular repertoires have been largely used to identify novel bioactive compounds. Ever more sophisticated technological solutions have been proposed to simplify and speed up such process, expanding the chemical diversity space and increasing the prospect to select new molecular entities with specific and potent activities against targets of therapeutic relevance. In this context, random mixtures of oligomeric peptides were originally used and since 25 years they represent a continuous source of bioactive molecules with potencies ranging from the sub-nM to microM concentration. Synthetic peptide libraries are still employed as starting "synthetic broths" of structurally and chemically diversified molecular fragments from which lead compounds can be extracted and further modified. Thousands of studies have been reported describing the application of combinatorial mixtures of synthetic peptides with different complexity and engrafted on diverse structural scaffolds for the identification of new compounds which have been further developed and also tested in in vivo models of relevant diseases. We briefly review some of the most used methodologies for library preparation and screening and the most recent case studies appeared in the literature where compounds have reached at least in vivo testing in animal or similar models. Recent technological advancements in biotechnology, engineering and computer science have suggested new options to facilitate the discovery of new bioactive peptides. In this instance, we anticipate here a new approach for the design of simple but focused tripeptide libraries against druggable cavities of therapeutic targets and its complementation with existing approaches.
Kernel-Based Bayesian Filtering for Object Tracking (2005)

Particle filtering provides a general framework for propagating probability density functions in nonlinear and non-Gaussian systems. However, the algorithm is based on a Monte Carlo approach and sampling is a problematic issue, especially for high dimensional problems. This paper presents a new kernel-based Bayesian filtering framework, which adopts an analytic approach to better approximate and propagate density functions. In this framework, the techniques of density interpolation and density approximation are introduced to represent the likelihood and the posterior densities by Gaussian mixtures, where all parameters such as the number of mixands, their weight, mean, and covariance are automatically determined. The proposed analytic approach is shown to perform sampling more efficiently in high dimensional space. We apply our algorithm to real-time tracking problems, and demonstrate its performance on real video sequences as well as synthetic examples.
Simulation of a two-frequency cw chemical HF—HBr laser (2008)

An autonomous cw chemical HF—HBr laser emitting simultaneously at ≈2.7 μm (HF molecules) and ≈4.2 μm (HBr molecules) is studied numerically by using complete Navier—Stokes equations. It is shown that the output power of the HBr laser per unit area of the nozzle array can achieve ≈20 W cm-2 for the laser region length ≈20 cm. The relation between the radiation intensities emitted by HF and HBr molecules is controlled by diluting the secondary fuel by bromine.
Switching mechanism in two-terminal vanadium dioxide devices (2015)

Two-terminal thin film VO2 devices show an abrupt decrease of resistance when the current or voltage applied exceeds a threshold value. This phenomenon is often described as a field-induced metal-insulator transition. We fabricate nano-scale devices with different electrode separations down to 100 nm and study how the dc switching voltage and current depend on device size and temperature. Our observations are consistent with a Joule heating mechanism governing the switching. Pulsed measurements show a switching time to the high resistance state of the order of one hundred nanoseconds, consistent with heat dissipation time. In spite of the Joule heating mechanism which is expected to induce device degradation, devices can be switched for more than 10(10) cycles making VO2 a promising material for nanoelectronic applications.
High-Throughput RNA Interference Screening Identifies Synthetic Lethality Between Oncogenic KRAS Dependency and Suppression of STK33 (2008)

Abstract Activating RAS mutations are among the most common pathogenetic events in a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies and epithelial tumors. However, oncogenic RAS has thus far not proven to be a tractable target for therapeutic intervention. An alternative to direct targeting of known oncogenes is to perform “synthetic lethality” screens to identify genes that are selectively required for cell viability in the context of specific cancer-causing mutations. Using this approach, we have discovered a synthetic lethal interaction between mutant KRAS, the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer, and inactivation of the gene encoding the STK33 serine/threonine protein kinase. To identify genes that are essential for cell viability in the context of mutant KRAS, we performed high-throughput loss-of-function RNA interference (RNAi) screens in eight human cancer cell lines (mutant KRAS, n=4; wildtype KRAS, n=4), representing seven different tumor types (acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, colon cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma), as well as normal human fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells. We screened each cell line with a subset of the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library developed by the RNAi Consortium (http://www.broad.mit.edu/genome_bio/trc/rnai.html) that consists of 5,024 individual shRNA constructs targeting 1,011 human genes, including the majority of known and putative protein kinase and phosphatase genes and a selection of known cancer-related genes. In these cell lines, suppression of STK33 preferentially inhibited the viability and proliferation of cells that were dependent on mutant KRAS. The differential requirement for STK33 based on oncogenic KRAS dependency was confirmed in 16 additional cell lines using in vitro transformation assays and human tumor xenograft models. Biochemical analyses support the hypothesis that STK33 promotes cell growth and survival in a kinase activity-dependent manner by regulating the activity of S6K1 as well as BAD-induced apoptosis selectively in mutant KRAS-dependent cells. Notably, molecular genetic characterization of cancer cell lines and analysis of patient-derived genomic data sets indicate that STK33 is not frequently mutated or overexpressed in human tumors. These observations identify STK33 as a potential target for the treatment of mutant KRAS-driven cancers that may have a broad therapeutic index in normal versus malignant cells, and illustrate the potential of RNAi for discovering critical functional dependencies created by oncogenic mutations that cannot be identified using other genomic technologies.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and of antioxidative defense: relationship to intervention with antioxidant-rich foods. (2001)

The antioxidant actions of single food items or extracts rich in flavonoids (e.g., apple and black currant juice, grape skin extract, tea extract and parsley) were evaluated in short-term human trials [Denmark; date not given]. An overall weak trend toward decreased lipid oxidation with increased polyphenol intake was observed. There was an increased oxidative stress response toward plasma proteins from food items rich in polyphenols and vitamin C and a decreased response when fruits and vegetables were omitted using a controlled diet. There also was a similar trend toward increased antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells, particularly GR and Gpx, with increased polyphenols or vitamin C.
The proton translocation domain of cellular vacuolar ATPase provides a target for the treatment of influenza A virus infections (2011)

Our results show that a distinct binding site of the proton translocation domain of cellular v-ATPase can be selectively targeted by a new generation v-ATPase inhibitor with reduced toxicity to treat influenza virus infections, including multi-resistant strains. Treatment strategies against influenza that target host cellular proteins are expected to be more resistant to virus mutations than drugs blocking viral proteins.
<title>Can hospitals afford digital storage for imagery?</title> (1994)

Digital medical images (scanned x-ray photographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imagery, ...) will consume 2 - 3 orders of magnitude more space then similar numbers of other images managed by digital storage subsystems. We investigate what a hospital will have to pay for a Picture Acquisition and Communication System (PACS). Assuming that tangible displaced costs--the costs of creating, storing, and managing film-- define the upper bound of what hospitals will be willing to pay for workstations, network, and digital storage, we find the EDP solution to be affordable today and attractive in two years. The archival medium currently favored by PACS researchers in optical disk technology. Performance and cost characteristics are likely to make magnetic tape juke box technology a better choice. The published literature teaches much of what is needed for optimal data compression. Uncertainty about liability will persuade some radiologists to save data beyond the noise-determined limits. A practical system will charge for data stored and transmitted and allow each user to balance cost and risk.
Architectural Support for Efficient Data Movement in Fully Disaggregated Systems (2023)

Traditional data centers include monolithic servers that tightly integrate CPU, memory and disk (Figure 1a). Instead, Disaggregated Systems (DSs) [8, 13, 18, 27] organize multiple compute (CC), memory (MC) and storage devices as independent, failure-isolated components interconnected over a high-bandwidth network (Figure 1b). DSs can greatly reduce data center costs by providing improved resource utilization, resource scaling, failure-handling and elasticity in modern data centers [5, 8-10, 10, 11, 13, 18, 27]
Improvement of circuit-speed of HEMTs IC by reducing the parasitic capacitance (2004)

We developed a novel process technology to removes the dielectric substance around gate electrodes to decrease parasitic capacitance. The process enabled us to increase the operating speed of the integrated circuit without causing any process damage. As a result, we achieved 90 GHz operation of a static T-FF circuit using InP-HEMT technology. This is the fastest T-FF, consisting of a FET, reported to date. We also showed the excellent potential of this technology for fabricating ultra-high speed ICs.
Outcome measures in facial prosthesis research: A systematic review (2021)

Over the past 40 years, facial prosthesis research has focused on patient-reported outcome measures. Outcome measures relating to other perspectives have been used less frequently, although new themes appear to be emerging in the literature. Future research should use outcome measures with appropriate measurement properties for use with facial prosthetics.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Metal‐Free, Room‐Temperature Aromatization of Hantzsch‐1,4‐dihydropyridines with Urea—Hydrogen Peroxide Adduct, Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
What can modern statistics offer imaging neuroscience? (2003)

This paper presents a mixed-effects model, region-of-interest analysis of a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of drug effects on human memory function. A key region of interest is the human hippocampus, affected by brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. A brief section on human hippocampal cell microscopy complements the discussion of the macroscopic fMRI study. Statistical issues confronted in these two applications are then placed in a broader context for further discussion of the future roles of biostatisticians and our methods in the fertile intersection of applied mathematical abstraction and imaging neuroscience. Neuroscientific and fMRI background is provided for readers new to either area.
Where Are the Chain Ends in Semicrystalline Polyethylene? (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTWhere Are the Chain Ends in Semicrystalline Polyethylene?C. Wutz, M. J. Tanner, M. Brookhart, and E. T. Samulski*View Author Information Venable and Kenan Laboratories, Department of Chemistry CB#3290, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States*E-mail [email protected] (E.T.S.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2017, 50, 22, 9066–9070Publication Date (Web):November 7, 2017Publication History Received8 September 2017Revised22 October 2017Published online7 November 2017Published inissue 28 November 2017https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01949Copyright © 2017 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1358Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Crystals,Defects,Polyethylene,Polymer morphology,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Pure zeolite X synthesized from coal fly ash by pretreatment with solid alkali and using seed crystal (2019)

Coal fly ash was the main burning by-products in a coal-fired power station, which is a major global environmental problem and is threat to public health and environmental pollution. In this study, the optimum condition of synthesized zeolite from fly ash were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were that the OH-concentration, the Si/Al ratio, the solid liquid ratio and aging time were 0.75 mol/L, 2.8, 9 ml/g and 0.5 h, respectively, for the synthesis of zeolites X. It is suggested that this method for synthesized zeolite X from coal fly ash is an efficient technology.
Primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction using peptide-stripped autologous cells (1994)

MHC class I molecules bind short peptides derived from endogenously synthesized proteins. This binding occurs at neutral pH and MHC class I-peptide complexes dissociate at low or high pH. Here we show that MHC class I-peptide complexes expressed at the cell surface dissociate upon a brief and mild acid treatment without affecting cell viability or capacity of the peptide-stripped MHC molecules to re-bind exogenous peptides. Mouse or human blasts that have been peptide-stripped and reloaded with an exogenous peptide can induce in vitro peptide specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Mice immunized with syngeneic blasts that have been peptide-stripped and reloaded with a peptide derived from a tumor-associated antigen are protected against a subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of tumor cells. The importance of these findings for viral and tumor immunotherapy as well as for unravelling the mechanisms of induction of primary CTL responses are discussed.
Large-scale assessment of lepidopteran soybean pests and efficacy of Cry1Ac soybean in Brazil (2021)

The soybean technology MON 87701 × MON 89788, expressing Cry1Ac and conferring tolerance to glyphosate, has been widely adopted in Brazil since 2013. However, pest shifts or resistance evolution could reduce the benefits of this technology. To assess Cry1Ac soybean performance and understand the composition of lepidopteran pest species attacking soybeans, we implemented large-scale sampling of larvae on commercial soybean fields during the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons to compare with data collected prior to the introduction of Cry1Ac soybeans. Chrysodeixis includens was the main lepidopteran pest in non-Bt fields. More than 98% of larvae found in Cry1Ac soybean were Spodoptera spp., although the numbers of Spodoptera were similar between Cry1Ac soybean and non-Bt fields. Cry1Ac soybean provided a high level of protection against Anticarsia gemmatalis, C. includens, Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa spp. Significant reductions in insecticide sprays for lepidopteran control in soybean were observed from 2012 to 2019. Our study showed that C. includens and A. gemmatalis continue to be primary lepidopteran pests of soybean in Brazil and that Cry1Ac soybean continues to effectively manage the target lepidopteran pests. However, there was an increase in the relative abundance of non-target Spodoptera spp. larvae in both non-Bt and Cry1Ac soybeans.