gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally Switchable Terahertz Metasurface Devices (2019)

Active modulating the wave front of terahertz (THz) radiation is highly required in coming THz wireless communication and THz high resolution imaging. Two kinds of active metasurface modulators for dynamically controlling the wavefront of THz radiation are designed and fabricated, based on the phase transition phenomena of vanadium dioxide film. When the environment temperature is higher than the phase transition temperature of vanadium dioxide, the modulators can transfer the x-polarization THz wave into y-polarization with desired phase and amplitude modulation, thus the wave front of the THz wave can be modulated. Experiment results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
<title>High-performance wide-angle objective lens systems with internal close-focusing optics and multiple aspheric surfaces for the visible waveband</title> (1996)

The optical design of a high performance short focal length lens system and several derivatives thereof which cover the Super 16 mm film format is described. Particular areas of discussion include the use of internal close focusing optics to eliminate the need for precision focusing mechanics and the use of multiple aspheric surfaces, as well as, internal filtration to reduce system size, weight and cost. Other areas, concerning optical `breathing', distortion and material choice, especially very high index glasses, are also addressed.
Self-aligned via and trench for metal contact in III-V semiconductor devices (2006)

A semiconductor processing method for the formation of self-aligned via and trench structures in III-V semiconductor devices (in particular, on InP platform) is presented, together with fabrication results. As a template for such self-aligned via and trench formations in a surrounding polymer layer on a semiconductor device, we make use of a sacrificial layer that consists of either a SiO2 dielectric hard mask layer deposited on the device layers or a sacrificial semiconductor layer grown on top of the device epitaxial layers (e.g., InP on an InGaAs etch stop), both laid down on the device layers before patterning the device geometry. During the semiconductor device etching, the sacrificial layer is kept as a part of the patterned structures and is, therefore, perfectly self-aligned. By selectively removing the sacrificial layer surrounded by the polymer that is etched back within the thickness of the sacrificial layer, an opening such as a via and a trench is formed perfectly self-aligned on the device top area in the place of the sacrificial layer. This process yields a pristine semiconductor surface for metal contacts and fully utilizes the contact area available on the device top, no matter how small the device area is. This approach thus provides as low an Ohmic contact resistance as possible upon filling the via and the trench with metal deposition. The additional use of a thin Si3N4 protecting layer surrounding the device sidewalls improves the robustness of the process without any undesired impact on the device electrical passivation (or on the optical mode characteristics if the device also includes a waveguide). This method offers metal contacts scalable to the device size, being limited only by the feasible device size itself. This method is also applicable to the fabrication of other III-V based integrated devices.
Efficient spin injection in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) light emitting diodes (invited) (2004)

In this paper, we review our results on the MIS (Metal- InsulatorSemiconductor) spin-source approach including some results on a NiMnSb/Schottky barrier spin-source.
The Effect of Four Different Stretching Protocols on Muscular Power (2017)

This review of literature explores the varying amount of evidence available for different stretching protocols included in the warm-up period. The objective of a comprehensive warm-up is to increase core temperature and improve muscle elasticity to prepare muscles for the demands of activity. Static (held) stretching and dynamic (slow moving) stretching seem to be utilized more often, and they are most studied in the bulk of stretching research. There has been less research published on the effect of ballistic (rapid bouncing movement) stretching. The overwhelming majority of literature has found that when compared, dynamic stretching increases power activity performance significantly more than static stretching. Noticeably, most available research using dynamic stretching protocols actually have a mix of both ballistic and dynamic stretches. The few articles that focused on ballistic-only stretches found conflicting results. Ballistic stretching has a stigma of increasing the chance of injury, due to the bouncing aspect. With the repeated bounce at the end range of motion, it may cause the muscle to be overstretched. The available research shows that the extra bounce has aided in increasing flexibility, while not increasing the chance of injury. With ballistic stretching being safe to perform, there is a need for more research to determine if dynamic-only or ballistic-only stretching has the greater effect on power performance.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1
Block Importance Mapping for Video Encoding (2022)

This paper presents a novel video encoding algorithm called Block Importance Mapping. In this method, blocks are assigned a quantization parameter, QP, offset based on how likely the block samples are to be used as references in encoding of nearby pictures. The reusability estimation is based on a motion search in pictures immediately before and after the current picture in output order. Blocks that are likely to be used as reference blocks are coded with a lower QP value, i.e., higher quality, whereas blocks that are deemed unlikely to be referenced are coded with a higher QP value. This method has been implemented in the VVC reference software VTM and tested on various configurations and contents. It is reported to provide BD-rate savings of 1.93% for PSNR and 3.69% for MS-SSIM in Random Access and 2.26% for PSNR and 4.29% for MS-SSIM in Low Delay coding. For HDR content, wPSNR BD-rate savings of 1.18% in Random Access configuration is reported.
Investigation of Superalloy Composition Space Using High Throughput Thin Film Synthesis and Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction (2016)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Study of Thermal Stability of HfO[sub x]N[sub y]∕Ge Capacitors Using Postdeposition Annealing and NH[sub 3] Plasma Pretreatment (2007)

We studied the thermal stability of the as-deposited thin films on the Ge substrate by employing rapid thermal annealing. After undergoing high-temperature processing, we observed several interesting physical and electrical features presented in the system, including a large Ge out-diffusion ( atom %) into high- films, positive shift of the flatband voltage, severe charge trapping, and increased leakage current. These phenomena are closely related to the existence of defective layer and the degree of resultant GeO volatilization. We abated these undesirable effects, especially for reducing the amount of Ge incorporation ( atom %) and the substoichiometric oxide at dielectric-substrate interface, through performing plasma pretreatment on the Ge surface. These improvements can be interpreted in terms of a surface nitridation process that enhanced the thermal stability of the high- interface. In addition, we measured that the conductance loss in inversion was still high and it revealed independence with respect to gate bias, reflecting the fact that the minority carriers in Ge can rapidly respond either through a diffusion mechanism or through midgap trap states residing in Ge bulk substrates.
Efficient Indexing of Top-k Entities in Systems of Engagement with Extensions for Geo-tagged Entities (2021)

Abstract Next-generation enterprise management systems are beginning to be developed based on the Systems of Engagement (SOE) model. We visualize an SOE as a set of entities. Each entity is modeled by a single parent document with dynamic embedded links (i.e., child documents) that contain multi-modal information about the entity from various networks. Since entities in an SOE are generally queried using keywords, our goal is to efficiently retrieve the top- k entities related to a given keyword-based query by considering the relevance scores of both their parent and child documents. Furthermore, we extend the afore-mentioned problem to incorporate the case where the entities are geo-tagged. The main contributions of this work are three-fold. First, it proposes an efficient bitmap-based approach for quickly identifying the candidate set of entities, whose parent documents contain all queried keywords. A variant of this approach is also proposed to reduce memory consumption by exploiting skews in keyword popularity. Second, it proposes the two-tier HI-tree index, which uses both hashing and inverted indexes, for efficient document relevance score lookups. Third, it proposes an R-tree-based approach to extend the afore-mentioned approaches for the case where the entities are geo-tagged. Fourth, it performs comprehensive experiments with both real and synthetic datasets to demonstrate that our proposed schemes are indeed effective in providing good top- k result recall performance within acceptable query response times.
Carrier photogeneration and mobility in polydiacetylene: Fast transient photoconductivity (1987)

Transient photoconductivity experiments have been carried out on single crystals of polydiacetylene-(bis p-toluene sulfonate), PDA-TS. The low--electric-field photocurrent decay consists of a temperature-independent fast (picosecond) initial component and a longer-time (nanosecond) component with magnitude that is strongly temperature dependent. Using very small spacings between electrodes on the sample, we have succeeded in achieving sweepout for the longer-lived carriers; the data yield a mobility of \ensuremath{\approxeq}5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V\ensuremath{\cdot}s at room temperature in the nanosecond regime. These results demonstrate that the Onsager geminate recombination model, previously used extensively for the polydiacetylenes, is not applicable to PDA-TS.
Ascomycones A−C, Heptaketide Metabolites from an Unidentified Ascomycete (2008)

The ascomycones A-C (1-3), three novel heptaketide-derived secondary metabolites, have been isolated from cultures of an unknown ascomycete. While 1 and 2 are closely related pyranonaphthoquinones, 3 has a bicyclic dihydronaphthoquinone core. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant activity against several phytopathogenic fungi.
Anomalous nanoinclusion effects of 2D MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets on the mechanical stiffness of polymer nanocomposites (2014)

Polymer inorganic nanosheet composites hold great promise in enhancing their physical and mechanical properties by increasing the interfacial area. Herein, we demonstrate the nanoinclusion effects of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets on the mechanical properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer. At very small amounts of nanosheets (0.9 wt% for MoS2 and 2.0 wt% for WS2), nanocomposite films exhibit up to 65% improved mechanical properties than the neat PVA film because of strong non-covalent polymer-filler interactions by means of large contact area induced by the 2D geometry of nanosheets. As demonstrated by the decrease in the crystallinity of PVA and the increase in the glass transition temperature, 2D MoS2 is a more attractive filler than 2D WS2 in terms of reinforcing mechanical properties of PVA. These findings fit well with a modified Halpin-Tsai (H-T) model including a nanoscale interfacial layer that can support the observed reinforcements with extremely small 2D filler loadings. This study highlights the strong interplay between the polymer and inorganic nanosheets which plays an important role in greatly improving the mechanical stability of nanocomposites.
Direct Titanium‐Mediated Conversion of Ketones into Enamides with Ammonia and Acetic Anhydride (2012)

A one-step conversion of ketones into N-acetyl enamides was developed. The process employs safe and inexpensive reagents, proceeds under mild conditions, and tolerates diverse functional groups. The addition of edte (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine) prior to workup enables water solubilization of Ti alkoxides and allows a simple extractive workup. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Resolving Translation Ambiguity using Monolingual Corpora. A Report on Clairvoyance CLEF-2002 Experiments. (2002)

Choosing the correct target words is a difficult problem for machine translation. In cross-language information retrieval, this problem of choice is mitigated since more than one translation alternative can be retained in the target query. Between choosing just one word as a translation and keeping all the possible translations for each source word, one can apply a range of filtering techniques for eliminating some words and keeping others. In the bilingual track of CLEF 2002, focusing on word translation ambiguity, we experimented with several techniques for choosing the best target translation for each source query word by using co-occurrence statistics in a reference corpus consisting of documents in the target language. One of two distinct corpora was used, the target-language test corpus or the World Wide Web. Our techniques give one best translation per source query word. We also experimented with combining these word choice results (providing up to three translations for each word) in the final translated query. The source query languages were Spanish and Chinese; the target language documents were in English. We submitted four automatic runs for each language pair. When the methods were combined, mixing results obtained with different reference corpora, the recall and average precision of Spanish-to-English retrieval reached 95% and 97%, respectively, of the recall and average precision of an English monolingual retrieval run. For Chinese-to-English text retrieval, the recall and average precision reached 89% and 60%, respectively, of the English run.
Added Value of Long-Term Cytokine Release Assays to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Infected Subjects in Uganda (2016)

In Uganda, ESAT-6/CFP-10-IGRA is better in detecting Mtb infection than TST and, when combined with an HBHA-IGRA, could help to evaluate anti-TB treatment success.
Precise Chemistry Control Using Cyclic Stripping Voltammetry for Improved through Silicon via Fill (2014)

This paper discusses using cyclic stripping voltammetry (CVS) and cyclic pulse stripping voltammetry (CPVS) to control a TSV via fill chemistry. With the tight process window of this specific chemistry, a slight imbalance of the additive results in a shift of the via fill from a complete bottom up fill to a complete conformal fill. This requires an accurate correlation of the CVS responses for process control and reproducibility.
Gate SiO2 Film Integrity on Ultra-Pure Argon Anneal (100) Silicon Surface (2011)

The atomically flat surface is obtained by the ultra-pure argon ambient at relatively low temperature less than 900 °C, and it can be maintained by using the N2 ambient with light shielding cleaning and the radical oxidation. The crystal originated particles (COPs) on the wafer is also decreased by the argon annealing at 900 °C. The charge to break down (Qbd) of the radical gate oxide on the atomically flat silicon surface was evaluated. For the early period in the annealing treatment, the initial failure of Qbd which is often observed on the conventional flat surface disappears, however, the intrinsic lifetime is still the same as the conventional one. And then, the intrinsic lifetime is improved by completing atomically flat treatment. After roughening the atomically flat silicon surface, the Qbd characteristics of gate oxides on the Cz wafer is the same as that on the epitaxial wafer which does not have COP.
SIDA et infections à VIH : l’hypothèse de co-facteurs transmissibles (1991)

L’isolement d’un retrovirus appele VIH et la demonstration, au moins partielle, de son role dans la pathogenie du SIDA ont certainement contribue a la comprehension de la maladie et donne d’importantes voies de recherche pour controler l’epidemie. Quoi qu’il en soit, l’origine de cette epidemie et les mecanismes precis de la pathogenie du SIDA demeurent mysterieux, et la possibilite que d’autres facteurs (viraux, bacteriens, mycoplasmiques, nutritionnels ou comportementaux) puissent contribuer a l’histoire naturelle de l’infection n’a jamais ete exclue. Les etudes sur l’histoire naturelle de l’infection VIH demontrent qu’il existe une importante variation dans l’evolution clinique et le taux de passage d’un individu a un autre vers le SIDA, et aussi une variation importante dans la reponse clinique aux therapeutiques anti-retrovirales dont l’efficacite a ete demontree in vitro. Des donnees recentes suggerent que quelques agents pourraient jouer le role de co-facteurs : des virus (CMV, Herpes virus, HHV 6, HTLV 1) ou des mycoplasmes. Ces donnees sont resumees ici. Des etudes prospectives restent necessaires pour documenter clairement le role de ces candidats co-facteurs dans l’histoire naturelle de l’infection VIH.
Sequential Infiltration of Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: A Study by Atomic Force Microscopy (2017)

Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), when combined with novel polymeric materials capable of self-assembly, such as block copolymers (BCPs), has been shown to effectively improve the pattern transfer of nanoscale templates. Herein, we present a study of the SIS process aimed at elucidating some critical aspects such as the evolution of the BCP morphology and mechanical properties after infiltration. Atomic force microscopy nanomechanical mapping was able to measure a consistent stiffness change within the SIS-infiltrated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blocks. Interestingly, the increase in Young’s modulus of the infiltrated blocks is small compared to the final stiffening of the same infiltrated features after a treatment with oxygen plasma.
Carotid body induced post‐inspiratory neuron channelopathy for neurogenic hypertension (872.9) (2014)

Post‐inspiratory (post‐I)‐modulation of sympathetic outflows was increased in the pre‐hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and this excitation can be reduced by carotid body denervation (CBD).In SH and Wistar rats (4‐6 week old), simultaneous recordings of sympathetic and respiratory nerves together with whole cell patch clamp recordings of Bötzinger Complex post‐I neurons from in situ preparations were made. We evaluated whether enhanced post‐I modulation of sympathetic activity is due to changes in the intrinsic ionic properties of post‐I neurons and whether this can be reversed by CBD. In SH rats, the increased post‐I modulation of lumbar sympathetic nerve (n=22) was associated with a greater post‐I discharge in laryngeal motor outflow (n=15). These changes are associated with an increased intrinsic excitability and decreased spike frequency adaptation of post‐I neurons in SH(n=8) relative to Wistar (n=8) rats; this was attributed to a reduced calcium activated potassium conductance in SH rat post‐I neurons. Five days after CBD in SH rats the calcium activated potassium conductance in post‐I neurons was similar to that measured in Wistar rats (n=10). Our data support the novel concept of “respiratory neuron channelopathy” mediated by carotid body over activity in SH rats that may contribute to their excessive sympathetic activity. Grant Funding Source : Supported by British Heart Foundation and FAPESP
Supplemental Figure 1 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
SPR-imaging based assays on an oligonucleotide-array to analyze DNA lesions recognition and excision by repair proteins (2008)

An original oligonucleotide-array, coupled with SPR-imaging detection, has been developed to study biological interactions between DNA base lesions and DNA repair enzymes. This bioanalytical tool constitutes an efficient screening platform to quantify DNA repair activities and to search for new DNA repair inhibitors.
Antiparasitic activity of aromatic diamidines and their patented literature (2007)

Aromatic diamidines and related compounds are DNA minor groove-binding binders that display excellent antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, fungi and protozoa. This review focuses on the activity and patented information related to aromatic diamidines (and analogs) towards four relevant parasitic protozoa, African and American trypanosomas, Leishmania and Plasmodium, which are parasites that still cause incurable neglected diseases annually killing millions of people in many developing countries. The overall data regarding aromatic diamidines argue for the development and screening of new diamidines and their corresponding prodrugs, which display lower toxicity and retain the low dose activity against these as well as other parasites.
Spectroscopic Identification of the α-Fe/α-O Active Site in Fe-CHA Zeolite for the Low-Temperature Activation of the Methane C–H Bond (2018)

The formation of single-site α-Fe in the CHA zeolite topology is demonstrated. The site is shown to be active in oxygen atom abstraction from N<sub>2</sub>O to form a highly reactive α-O, capable of methane activation at room temperature to form methanol. The methanol product can subsequently be desorbed by online steaming at 200 °C. For the intermediate steps of the reaction cycle, the evolution of the Fe active site is monitored by UV-vis-NIR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. A B3LYP-DFT model of the α-Fe site in CHA is constructed, and the ligand field transitions are calculated by CASPT2. The model is experimentally substantiated by the preferential formation of α-Fe over other Fe species, the requirement of paired framework aluminum and a MeOH/Fe ratio indicating a mononuclear active site. The simple CHA topology is shown to mitigate the heterogeneity of iron speciation found on other Fe-zeolites, with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> being the only identifiable phase other than α-Fe formed in Fe-CHA. The α-Fe site is formed in the d6r composite building unit, which occurs frequently across synthetic and natural zeolites. Finally, through a comparison between α-Fe in Fe-CHA and Fe-*BEA, the topology's 6MR geometry is found to influence the structure, the ligand field, and consequently the spectroscopy of the α-Fe site in a predictable manner. Variations in zeolite topology can thus be used to rationally tune the active site properties.
Stressed metal probes for atomic force microscopy (2002)

Common scanning probes with straight cantilevers and micrometer-sized tips are not suited for substrates with very high topography. Therefore, we have developed stressed metal probes that use bent cantilevers and can have a tip height of hundreds of micrometers. The use of a transparent substrate allows the laser beam light to shine through the probe chip in atomic force microscopy (AFM). This letter describes the stressed probe concept and presents first measurements on thin film samples and on the bottom of deep structures. Our probe concept extends the functionality of AFM systems and is an alternative to straight cantilever probes in many applications.