gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Transmissibility of cholera: in vivo-formed biofilms and their relationship to infectivity and persistence in the environment. (2006)

The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the epidemic strain in nature are unclear. Although the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera is known to be transmitted by water contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, routine isolation of pathogenic strains from aquatic environments is challenging. Here, we show that conditionally viable environmental cells (CVEC) of pathogenic V. cholerae that resist cultivation by conventional techniques exist in surface water as aggregates (biofilms) of partially dormant cells. Such CVEC can be recovered as fully virulent bacteria by inoculating the water into rabbit intestines. Furthermore, when V. cholerae shed in stools of cholera patients are inoculated in environmental water samples in the laboratory, the cells exhibit characteristics similar to CVEC, suggesting that CVEC are the infectious form of V. cholerae in water and that CVEC in nature may have been derived from human cholera stools. We also observed that stools from cholera patients contain a heterogeneous mixture of biofilm-like aggregates and free-swimming planktonic cells of V. cholerae. Estimation of the relative infectivity of these different forms of V. cholerae cells suggested that the enhanced infectivity of V. cholerae shed in human stools is largely due to the presence of clumps of cells that disperse in vivo, providing a high dose of the pathogen. The results of this study support a model of cholera transmission in which in vivo-formed biofilms contribute to enhanced infectivity and environmental persistence of pathogenic V. cholerae. PMID: 16601099 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM068851 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM068851
Plasmon‐coupled tip‐enhanced near‐field optical microscopy (2003)

Near the cut-off radius of a guided waveguide mode of a metal-coated glass fibre tip it is possible to couple radiation to surface plasmons propagating on the outside surface of the metal coating. These surface plasmons converge toward the apex of the tip and interfere constructively for particular polarization states of the initial waveguide mode. Calculations show that a radially polarized waveguide mode can create a strong field enhancement localized at the apex of the tip. The highly localized enhanced field forms a nanoscale optical near-field source.
Super-resolution microscopy heads towards 3D dynamics (2013)

Abstract Resolving fine details of subcellular structures is key to understanding the organization and function of cellular networks. Recent advances in far-field fluorescence microscopy provide the necessary tools to analyze these structures with resolutions well below the classical diffraction limit in all three dimensions. Technical improvements go hand-in-hand with new versions of switchable fluorophores that allow nonlinear optical effects to be more efficiently used to push the resolution limit down further. High contrast combined with the wide spectrum of available colors currently endow these fluorescence-based super-resolution techniques with the power to study the complexity of subcellular organelles and the relation of their constituting components down to the molecular level and under physiological conditions. In this way, they give us a far better understanding of the assembly of macromolecular complexes and their functions within a cell than has been possible before employing conventional imaging methods. In this review, we give an overview of the technical state-of-the art of these technologies, their fundamental and technical trade-offs, and provide typical application examples in this exciting field.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (1993)

We report the clinical, radiologic, and postmortem findings in two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) who developed cerebral venous thromboses (CVTs). In contrast with those in most published cases, our patients did not have focal neurologic signs. Antemortem diagnosis of CVT had been made by MR cerebral venograms. We conclude that (1) PNH should be considered in any patient with stroke associated with iron deficiency anemia, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, or hemosiderinuria; (2) PNH should be in the differential diagnosis of CVT; (3) the latter could present without focal neurologic signs; and (4) MR cerebral venography may be a reliable diagnostic alternative to cerebral angiography when CVT is suspected.
Benefits and Enabling Technology for Hardware Virtualization in Optical Networks (2015)

We describe the hardware virtualization in optical networks as an enabler of truly automated optical path provisioning to accelerate the speed of service based on transponder and regenerator examples.
Advancing Inverse Sensitivity/Uncertainty Methods for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Applications (2016)

The inverse sensitivity/uncertainty quantification (IS/UQ) method has recently been implemented in the Inverse Sensitivity/UnceRtainty Estimiator (INSURE) module of the AMPX system [1]. The IS/UQ method aims to quantify and prioritize the cross section measurements along with uncertainties needed to yield a given nuclear application(s) target response uncertainty, and doing this at a minimum cost. Since in some cases the extant uncertainties of the differential cross section data are already near the limits of the present-day state-of-the-art measurements, requiring significantly smaller uncertainties may be unrealistic. Therefore we have incorporated integral benchmark experiments (IBEs) data into the IS/UQ method using the generalized linear least-squares method, and have implemented it in the INSURE module. We show how the IS/UQ method could be applied to systematic and statistical uncertainties in a self-consistent way. We show how the IS/UQ method could be used to optimize uncertainties of IBEs and differential cross section data simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: The β‐Silyl Effect on the Memory of Chirality in Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Using Chiral α‐Aryl Alcohols. (2015)

Abstract It is found that the retention of the configuration of the hydroxyl group as a leaving group bases on the conformational stability of the carbocation intermediate supported by a flexible silyl substituent.
Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix or vagina which were successfully treated with nivolumab (2019)

Primary malignant melanomas (MM) originating from the gynecological tract are rare. They respond poorly to immunotherapy when compared with cutaneous MM. This study reports two cases. The first is of a 54-year-old woman with a cervical amelanotic polypoid mass who was diagnosed as having stage IB1 cervical melanoma according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system. At 17 months post-surgery, a computed tomography examination revealed recurrence of a 68 mm pelvic tumor. The second case is of a 37-year-old woman with a 7 cm hemorrhagic mass on the vaginal wall. The patient was diagnosed as having stage IV vaginal melanoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer definition. Both patients received nivolumab therapy, programmed cell death receptor 1 monoclonal antibodies, and the tumors almost disappeared. These cases may add the possibility of using colposcopy with narrow-band imaging and positron-emission tomography to diagnose and evaluate primary MM.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral‐at‐Metal Octahedral Iridium Catalyst for the Asymmetric Construction of an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter. (2014)

Abstract An iridium complex that draws its chirality exclusively from an Ir‐centered octahedral stereocenter is described as highly efficient catalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of indoles to nitroacrylic esters to give products with quaternary stereocenters with excellent stereoselectivity.
The Performance Index: A Measure of Maturity of Young Adult Males (1971)

The Performance Index has been constructed for use in measuring the vocational, personal, and social maturity levels of young adult males. Each form contains 150 items or statements of attitudes, opinions, beliefs, or expected courses of action. The respondent indicates which are true (T) or false (F) for himself. The statements were such that young men could respond to them in a way that reflected their levels of maturity. The scores are assumed valid on the basis of their content and their ability to differentiate groups of young men of presumably different levels of social, personal, and vocational maturity. The study started with 11 facets or dimensions of maturity. These were later condensed into three facets or factors, and were shown to have only a small degree of uniqueness, primarily measuring the same characteristic—maturity. The Performance Index, it was suggested, should be used as a research tool rather than as an operating tool for selection, classification, or counseling, until the relationships of its scores to behavioral evidences in the careers of young men have been established and the construction of special scoring keys for special applications of the Index have been explored.
Performance Comparison Between Fast Sector Selection and Simultaneous Transmission with Soft-Combining for Intra-Node B Macro Diversity in Downlink OFDM Radio Access (2006)

This paper compares the user throughput and the sector throughput performance using fast sector selection (FSS) with muting and simultaneous transmission with soft-combining for the intra-node B macro diversity in the downlink OFDM based radio access. System-level simulations show that FSS with muting achieves an approximately 10% higher user throughput for intra-node B macro diversity user equipment (UE) compared to simultaneous transmission with soft-combining, while maintaining almost the same user throughput performance for one-link connection UE assuming the equal served traffic model. Therefore, we conclude that FSS with muting is a more promising candidate than simultaneous transmission with soft-combining as the intra-node B macro diversity scheme in the downlink OFDM based radio access
Novel electrical properties of extruded LDPE-GnP filled nanocomposites (2016)

This work presents the impact of shear rate variation during extrusion process of nanocomposite of low density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with graphene nanoparticles on its electrical properties. The obtained nanocomposites show, independently of the shear rate used during extrusion, field dependent non-linear behavior of the electric transport, which starts dominating the conduction current at about 20 kV/mm and become stronger with increasing filler content. However, at electric field strength below 20 kV/mm the nanocomposites extruded at higher shear rate exhibit increased level of conduction current as compared to those extruded at lower one.
Entanglement vs. gap for one-dimensional spin systems (2008)

We study the relationship between entanglement and spectral gap for local Hamiltonians in one dimension. The area law for a one-dimensional system states that for the ground state, the entanglement of any interval is upper-bounded by a constant independent of the size of the interval. However, the possible dependence of the upper bound on the spectral gap {Delta} is not known, as the best known general upper bound is asymptotically much larger than the largest possible entropy of any model system previously constructed for small {Delta}. To help resolve this asymptotic behavior, we construct a family of one-dimensional local systems for which some intervals have entanglement entropy which is polynomial in 1/{Delta}, whereas previously studied systems had the entropy of all intervals bounded by a constant times log(1/{Delta}).
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE THIOLYTIC REMOVAL OF THE DITHIASUCCINOYL (DTS) AMINO PROTECTING GROUP (1980)

Abstract Am Beispiel des geschützten Glycins wird gezeigt, daß die zweistufige Abspaltungsreaktion mit Thiolen mittlerer Acidität (pK a 8‐9.5) in polaren aprotischen Medien mit hoher Dielektrizitätskonstante am schnellsten verläuft.
Scleraxis is expressed in adult tendons and is upregulated in response to mechanical loading (2009)

Scleraxis is a bHLH transcription factor that is critical for the embryonic formation of limb tendons. Scleraxis promotes the proliferation of tendon fibroblasts and enhances the synthesis of type I collagen. In the absence of scleraxis during embryonic development limb tendons fail to form properly. While scleraxis plays a critical role in regulating the formation of embryonic tendons, the role of scleraxis in the regulation of adult tendon tissue is not known. We hypothesized that scleraxis continues to be expressed in tendons following development and that scleraxis is an important factor in the adaptation of tendons during adulthood. To measure scleraxis expression, we analyzed tissues from a line of transgenic mice that produce GFP under the control of the scleraxis promoter. Scleraxis is detected in whole adult tendons and ligaments for at least twelve months following birth. Scleraxis is also expressed in monolayers of cultured fibroblasts and in three‐dimensional tendon constructs engineered from fibroblasts obtained from adult tendon tissues. In response to mechanical loading an upregulation of scleraxis expression is observed. Further studies will determine whether the absence of scleraxis affects the ability of tendons to adapt to mechanical loading.
<title>Focal plane compression sensors</title> (1996)

We propose a novel integration of compression and sensing in order to enhance performance of the image sensor. By integrating compression function on the sensor plane, the image signal that has to be readout from the sensor is significantly reduced. Thus, the integration can consequently increase the pixel rate of the sensor. The compression scheme we make use of is conditional replenishment that detects and encodes moving areas. In this paper, we discuss design and implementation of two architectures for on sensor compression. One is pixel parallel approach and the other is column parallel approach. We describe and compare both approaches.
An $O(EV\log V)$ Algorithm for Finding a Maximal Weighted Matching in General Graphs (1986)

We define two generalized types of a priority queue by allowing some forms of changing the priorities of the elements in the queue. We show that they can be implemented efficiently. Consequently, each operation takes $O(\log n)$ time. We use these generalized priority queues to construct an $O(EV\log V)$ algorithm for finding a maximal weighted matching in general graphs.
Reductive Deprotection of Monolayer Protected Nanoclusters: An Efficient Route to Supported Ultrasmall Au Nanocatalysts for Selective Oxidation (2014)

The synthesis and investigation of the catalytic properties of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) is an area of intense research. Despite much effort being made to this field, attaining both high catalytic activity and selectivity at the same time remains elusive. Herein a new mild reductive thiolate-deprotection strategy is reported to prepare nanoporous silica-supported ultrasmall AuNP catalysts that show very efficient catalytic activity and high selectivity for oxidation reactions.
Combined Ultrasonic and Enzymatic Debridement of Necrotic Eschars in an Animal Model (2009)

Several methods are used to debride burn eschars, however, most are ineffective for ischemic eschars. We investigated a novel combination of enzymatic and ultrasonic debridement for ischemic eschars. A previously described ischemic flap model in rats was used to compare the time to flap debridement or perforation of enzymatic (Debrase, a derivative of bromelain), ultrasonic, or combined debridement (Hybrid Debridement Technology). We also evaluated the effects of ultrasonic intensity, probe size, probe housing, and operation mode (pulsatile vs. continuous) on the time to full eschar perforation. Ultrasonic and enzymatic debridement alone did not result in flap perforation even after 15 minutes. Combined ultrasonic and enzymatic debridement resulted in flap perforation within 2 to 5 minutes in the four flap zones (P < 0.001 for all four flap zones compared with ultrasound alone). The most rapid debridement was observed with an ultrasonic intensity of 3.2 W/cm, applied using a 4.9 cm probe. The temperature elevation associated with ultrasonication was controlled by perfusion of fresh Debrase solution and alternating the ultrasound energy. Combination of ultrasonic and enzymatic debridement of ischemic flap eschars in rats with Debrase is more rapid and effective than either method alone.
Retrospective Analysis of 22 Patients with Chronic Pain Treated by Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (1981)

✓ Twenty-two patients with chronic pain, chiefly from posttraumatic neuropathy, were treated by implanted peripheral nerve stimulators located proximal to the pain. Thirteen of these (62%) have experienced pain control for an average of 25 months. The experience of the surgeon is thought to be a major factor contributing to the successful results. There are theoretical and practical advantages to electrical stimulation at proximal portions of the peripheral nervous system. The surgical technique for implantation is described, and the necessity for reoperation in some patients is explained.
Implementation of physical-layer network coding (2012)

This paper presents the first implementation of a two-way relay network based on the principle of physical-layer network coding. To date, only a simplified version of physical-layer network coding (PNC), called analog network coding (ANC), has been successfully implemented. The advantage of ANC is that it is simple to implement; the disadvantage, on the other hand, is that the relay amplifies the noise along with the signal before forwarding the signal. PNC systems in which the relay performs XOR or other denoising PNC mappings of the received signal have the potential for significantly better performance. However, their implementation also poses many challenges. For example, the relay must be able to deal with symbol and carrier-phase asynchronies of the simultaneous signals received from the two end nodes, and the relay must perform channel estimation before decoding. We investigate a PNC implementation in the frequency domain, referred to as FPNC, to tackle these challenges. FPNC is based on OFDM. In FPNC, XOR mapping is performed on the OFDM samples in each subcarrier rather than on the samples in the time domain. We implement FPNC on the universal soft radio peripheral (USRP) platform. Our implementation requires only moderate modifications of the packet preamble design of 802.11a/g OFDM PHY. With the help of the cyclic prefix (CP) in OFDM, symbol asynchrony and the multi-path fading effects can be dealt with simultaneously in a similar fashion. Our experimental results show that symbol-synchronous and symbol-asynchronous FPNC have essentially the same BER performance, for both channel-coded and unchannel-coded FPNC.
Autologous Stem Cell Mobilization in AL Amyloidosis with Plerixafor and G-CSF: Update of a Single Center Experience (2014)

Standard initial therapy for a minority of patients with systemic AL amyloidosis is risk-adapted melphalan and stem cell transplant (SCT) with SC mobilization often accomplished with high dose G-CSF (16μg/kg/d). Based on the phase III experience in MM, we investigated the combination of G-CSF and Plerixafor for stem cell mobilization in AL. We report an update of our experience with this mobilization approach. Patients were diagnosed by standard criteria with tissue biopsies showing amyloidosis. They were mobilized and collected between 4/16/12 and 9/11/13 with G-CSF 10μg/kg/d subcutaneously (SC) for 5 days (and continued through collection) and Plerixafor, adjusted for renal function, starting on day 4 until collection was completed. We report on 12 patients whose median age at mobilization was 58 yrs (range 46-72), 58% of whom were men. Median number of organs involved was 2 (range 1-4), most frequently the kidneys (n=9) and the heart (n=8). Median time from diagnosis to mobilization was 7.5 mths (range 2-123). 9 patients had prior bortezomib-based therapy with a median of 3 cycles (range 0-6). One had received a SCT 10 years prior and relapsed, and one was 1 yr s/p orthotopic heart transplant. 5 patients had a creatinine of ≥ 1.5 mg/dL including 2 on hemodialysis. The target CD34+ cell dose was 10 x 106 CD34/kg for all but one patient due to the history of prior SCT. The median number of collections was 2 (range 2-3). On day one, a median of 3.6 x106 CD34/kg (0.4-13.8x106) was collected and on day two, 6.4 x106 (2.7-19x106). The median total CD34+ cells collected per kg was 13.8x106 (5-18x106). No significant toxicities were observed with Plerixafor. 2 patients had grade 1 bleeding from the catheter site during apheresis and one had dyspnea with suspected fluid overload which responded to furosemide. All patients went on to receive high dose chemotherapy with melphalan followed by autologous SCT. The median stem cell dose infused was 7.7x 106 CD34/kg and median days to ANC > 500 was 11 (10-22), to platelets > 20K untransfused was 22 (15-44) and to lymphocytes > 500/μl was 14.5 (11-25). One patient who had VOD and persistent thrombocytopenia was given the remainder of his stem cells on day +31 due with subsequent normalization of his CBC. Mobilization with G-CSF and Plerixafor was well tolerated in AL patients with multiple organs involved. Limited leukaphereses were needed to achieve or exceed the target CD34+ cell dose. In the era of more effective initial therapies, an era in which many AL patients are living longer with moderate to severe organ damage and receiving multiple lines of therapy including SCT, this approach allows not only the collection of sufficient CD34+ cells for optimal immediate stem cell dosing, but also the cryopreservation of aliquots for future transplants should they become necessary and for novel cell-based therapies should they become available.
Understanding congestion control in multi-hop wireless mesh networks (2008)

Complex interference in static multi-hop wireless mesh networks can adversely affect transport protocol performance. Since TCP does not explicitly account for this, starvation and unfairness can result from the use of TCP over such networks. In this paper, we explore mechanisms for achieving fair and efficient congestion control for multi-hop wireless mesh networks. First, we design an AIMD-based rate-control protocol called Wireless Control Protocol (WCP) which recognizes that wireless congestion is a neighborhood phenomenon, not a node-local one, and appropriately reacts to such congestion. Second, we design a distributed rate controller that estimates the available capacity within each neighborhood, and divides this capacity to contending flows, a scheme we call Wireless Control Protocol with Capacity estimation (WCPCap). Using analysis, simulations, and real deployments, we find that our designs yield rates that are both fair and efficient, and achieve near optimal goodputs for all the topologies that we study. WCP achieves this level of performance while being extremely easy to implement. Moreover, WCPCap achieves the max-min rates for our topologies, while still being distributed and amenable to real implementation.