gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressive Online Robust Principal Component Analysis via <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell_1$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Minimization (2018)

This paper considers online robust principal component analysis (RPCA) in time-varying decomposition problems such as video foreground-background separation. We propose a compressive online RPCA algorithm that decomposes recursively a sequence of data vectors (e.g., frames) into sparse and low-rank components. Different from conventional batch RPCA, which processes all the data directly, our approach considers a small set of measurements taken per data vector (frame). Moreover, our algorithm can incorporate multiple prior information from previous decomposed vectors via proposing an - minimization method. At each time instance, the algorithm recovers the sparse vector by solving the - minimization problem-which promotes not only the sparsity of the vector but also its correlation with multiple previously recovered sparse vectors-and, subsequently, updates the low-rank component using incremental singular value decomposition. We also establish theoretical bounds on the number of measurements required to guarantee successful compressive separation under the assumptions of static or slowly changing low-rank components. We evaluate the proposed algorithm using numerical experiments and online video foreground-background separation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.
Isolation and functional characterization of a novel plastidic hexokinase from Nicotiana tabacum (2005)

Due to their central role in sugar metabolism and signalling plant hexokinases have been studied in great detail, however, little is known about the spatial and temporal expression and the sub-cellular distribution of individual hexokinase isoforms. Based on in planta and in vitro studies the recently isolated tobacco hexokinase 2 (Hxk2) could be located in the chloroplast stroma and biochemically characterized. Hxk2 represents the first innerplastidic hexokinase described from higher plants. Promoter studies indicate that Hxk2 is mainly expressed in cells of the vascular starch sheath and xylem parenchyma, in guard cells and root tips. We propose a role for Hxk2 in starch and secondary metabolism in the mentioned tissues.
Coupling Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator to Carrier Erythrocyte Protects Against Plasma Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract Conjugating tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to carrier red blood cells (RBC) restricts its permeation into tissues and pre-existing hemostatic clots, minimizing side effects, and prolongs its circulation, which permits it to be incorporated within nascent clot which it lyses from inside. We now report that RBC/tPA dissolves clots formed from mouse blood more effectively than free tPA, while they were equipotent against clots formed in vitro from PAI-1 KO mouse blood. To test whether tPA acquires resistance to plasma inhibitors when conjugated to RBC, we compared the activity of RBC/tPA vs free tPA in the presence of purified PAI-1, α2 macroglobulin (α2M) and α1anti-trypsin (α1AT). At equimolar concentrations, PAI-1 completely inhibited the activity of soluble tPA in vitro, whereas RBC/tPA retained 100% and 75% of its amidolytic and fibrinolytic activity, respectively. RBC/tPA, but not free tPA, was also resistant to equimolar concentrations of α2M and α1AT. However, tPA coupled to RBC pre-incubated with a mixture of hyaluronidase, heparinase and neuraminidase was as susceptible to inactivation by PAI-1, α2M and α1AT as free tPA. Further, tPA coupled to glycocalyx-stripped RBC bound two-fold more 125I-labeled PAI-1 than tPA coupled to naïve RBC. We conclude that the RBC glycocalyx protects tPA from inactivation by PA inhibitors, likely by steric hindrance. This unexpected benefit may enhance the utility of RBC/tPA in thromboprophylaxis and suggests a previous under-appreciated role for the glycocalyx in modulating PA activity on the vasculature and other cell surfaces.
Structure-Based Design of Nipah Virus Vaccines: A Generalizable Approach to Paramyxovirus Immunogen Development (2020)

Licensed vaccines or therapeutics are rarely available for pathogens with epidemic or pandemic potential. Developing interventions for specific pathogens and defining generalizable approaches for related pathogens is a global priority and inherent to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Nipah virus (NiV) poses a significant epidemic threat, and zoonotic transmission from bats-to-humans with high fatality rates occurs almost annually. Human-to-human transmission of NiV has been documented in recent outbreaks leading public health officials and government agencies to declare an urgent need for effective vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we evaluate NiV vaccine antigen design options including the fusion glycoprotein (F) and the major attachment glycoprotein (G). A stabilized prefusion F (pre-F), multimeric G constructs, and chimeric proteins containing both pre-F and G were developed as protein subunit candidate vaccines. The proteins were evaluated for antigenicity and structural integrity using kinetic binding assays, electron microscopy, and other biophysical properties. Immunogenicity of the vaccine antigens was evaluated in mice. The stabilized pre-F trimer and hexameric G immunogens both induced serum neutralizing activity in mice, while the post-F trimer immunogen did not elicit neutralizing activity. The pre-F trimer covalently linked to three G monomers (pre-F/G) induced potent neutralizing antibody activity, elicited responses to the greatest diversity of antigenic sites, and is the lead candidate for clinical development. The specific stabilizing mutations and immunogen designs utilized for NiV were successfully applied to other henipaviruses, supporting the concept of identifying generalizable solutions for prototype pathogens as an approach to pandemic preparedness.
MLSE-EDC versus optical dispersion compensation in a single-channel SPM-limited 800 km link at 10 Gbit/s (2007)

We investigate experimentally the effectiveness of MLSE-EDC for application with signals distorted by self-phase modulation, and compare the results with those obtained using a variety of optical dispersion compensation maps. (2 pages)
Combined performance and stability optimisation via central transfer case active control in four-wheeled vehicles (2009)

New driveline architectures endowed with torque biasing devices, such as active differentials and active transfer cases, have made available a new generation of on-demand four-wheel-drive vehicles which allow designing control systems capable of altering the car behaviour dictated from its mechanical layout, e.g., under- and over-steering characteristic. This work proposes an active transfer case controller aimed at optimising vehicle performance in terms of amount of traction torque transmitted to the ground while guaranteeing vehicle stability and driveability by keeping the vehicle side-slip angle within safety bounds.
Nitric oxide regulates endocytosis by S -nitrosylation of dynamin (2006)

The GTPase dynamin regulates endocytic vesicle budding from the plasma membrane, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. We report that dynamin, which interacts with NO synthase, is S-nitrosylated at a single cysteine residue (C607) after stimulation of the beta(2) adrenergic receptor. S-nitrosylation increases dynamin self-assembly and GTPase activity and facilitates its redistribution to the membrane. A mutant protein bearing a C607A substitution does not self-assemble properly or increase its enzymatic activity in response to NO. In NO-generating cells, expression of dynamin C607A, like the GTPase-deficient dominant-negative K44A dynamin, inhibits both beta(2) adrenergic receptor internalization and bacterial invasion. Furthermore, exogenous or endogenously produced NO enhances internalization of both beta(2) adrenergic and epidermal growth factor receptors. Thus, NO regulates endocytic vesicle budding by S-nitrosylation of dynamin. Collectively, our data suggest a general NO-dependent mechanism by which the trafficking of receptors may be regulated and raise the idea that pathogenic microbes and viruses may induce S-nitrosylation of dynamin to facilitate cellular entry.
Genetic Variability of Complement Factor H Has Ethnicity-Specific Associations With Choroidal Thickness (2023)

CFH variants are variably associated with CT among Asian ethnic groups. This has broad implications for the pathogenesis of common diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and central serous choroidopathy, the pathogenesis of which is associated with CT.
Influence of Compliance and Aging of Artificial Turf Surfaces on Lower Extremity Joint Loading (2022)

Background: Artificial turf (AT) has been related to increased injury rates when compared to natural grass (NG). One potential reason for the differences in injury rates is the difference in mechanical characteristics of the surfaces. Over the course of a season on artificial turf, due to heavy use and environmental factors, properties of the surface (such as compliance) may be altered. The purpose was to compare the effects of newly installed versus aged AT on injury risks at the metatarsophalangeal, ankle, and knee joint during soccer-specific movements. Methods: Eleven male soccer players performed three movements on newly installed and ‘aged’ AT. Kinematics and kinetics were collected for the different surfaces. Results: Knee adduction moments were increased during the v-cut (119 Nm vs. 164 Nm, p = 0.02), and knee external rotation joint moments were increased during the circle run (23 Nm vs. 28 Nm, p = 0.04) with the aged surface. No surface effects were seen during the jog-sprint transition. Conclusions: For movements associated with a high risk for non-contact injuries, the age of the AT resulted in greater risk factors for injury potential at the knee joint. Further research comparing injury rates associated with AT should consider mechanical features, specifically surface compliance.
V1685: Technique for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithtotripy Using Hemostatic Gelatin Matirx (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session,Tuesday, May 11, 2004,1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2004V1685: Technique for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithtotripy Using Hemostatic Gelatin Matirx Louis Eichel, Leandro Sala, David I. Lee, Elspeth M. McDougall, and Ralph V. Clayman Louis EichelLouis Eichel More articles by this author , Leandro SalaLeandro Sala More articles by this author , David I. LeeDavid I. Lee More articles by this author , Elspeth M. McDougallElspeth M. McDougall More articles by this author , and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)39197-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "V1685: Technique for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithtotripy Using Hemostatic Gelatin Matirx." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 445 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 445 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Louis Eichel More articles by this author Leandro Sala More articles by this author David I. Lee More articles by this author Elspeth M. McDougall More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
A role for endothelial cells in promoting the maturation of astrocytes through the apelin/APJ system in mice (2012)

Interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for retinal vascular formation. Astrocytes induce migration and proliferation of ECs via their production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and, conversely, ECs induce maturation of astrocytes possibly by the secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Together with the maturation of astrocytes, this finalizes angiogenesis. Thus far, the mechanisms triggering LIF production in ECs are unclear. Here we show that apelin, a ligand for the endothelial receptor APJ, induces maturation of astrocytes mediated by the production of LIF from ECs. APJ (Aplnr)- and Apln-deficient mice show delayed angiogenesis; however, aberrant overgrowth of endothelial networks with immature astrocyte overgrowth was induced. When ECs were stimulated with apelin, LIF expression was upregulated and intraocular injection of LIF into APJ-deficient mice suppressed EC and astrocyte overgrowth. These data suggest an involvement of apelin/APJ in the maturation process of retinal angiogenesis.
1508 Applicability of Strain Measurement by Oscillation Circuit Method to Detection of Fatigue Damage (2008)

The safety of structures and mechanical instruments can be evaluated quantitatively by monitoring the damage level of the composition elements. In this study, we propose the oscillation circuit method for measuring local strain in the elements. The fatigue tests of the specimen with a center hole are carried out under tension-compression axial loading, and the change of local strain is measured by using the oscillation circuit method and the usual instrument. The results are summarized as follows; (1) when the frequency of cyclic load is low, the strain measured by the oscillation circuit method agrees well with that by the usual measurement. (2) the crack initiation and propagation can be monitored based on the mean value of sampling time of stain measured by the oscillation circuit method.
Protein–Ligand Crystal Structures Can Guide the Design of Selective Inhibitors of the FGFR Tyrosine Kinase (2012)

The design of compounds that selectively inhibit a single kinase is a significant challenge, particularly for compounds that bind to the ATP site. We describe here how protein-ligand crystal structure information was able both to rationalize observed selectivity and to guide the design of more selective compounds. Inhibition data from enzyme and cellular screens and the crystal structures of a range of ligands tested during the process of identifying selective inhibitors of FGFR provide a step-by-step illustration of the process. Steric effects were exploited by increasing the size of ligands in specific regions in such a way as to be tolerated in the primary target and not in other related kinases. Kinases are an excellent target class to exploit such approaches because of the conserved fold and small side chain mobility of the active form.
Cellular and molecular events during early thymus development (2006)

The thymic stromal compartment consists of several cell types that collectively enable the attraction, survival, expansion, migration, and differentiation of T-cell precursors. The thymic epithelial cells constitute the most abundant cell type of the thymic microenvironment and can be differentiated into morphologically, phenotypically, and functionally separate subpopulations of the postnatal thymus. All thymic epithelial cells are derived from the endodermal lining of the third pharyngeal pouch. Very soon after the formation of a thymus primordium and prior to its vascularization, thymic epithelial cells orchestrate the first steps of intrathymic T-cell development, including the attraction of lymphoid precursor cells to the thymic microenvironment. The correct segmentation of pharyngeal epithelial cells and their subsequent crosstalk with cells in the pharyngeal arches are critical prerequisites for the formation of a thymus anlage. Mutations in several transcription factors and their target genes have been informative to detail some of the complex mechanisms that control the development of the thymus anlage. This review highlights recent findings related to the genetic control of early thymus organogenesis and provides insight into the molecular basis by which lymphocyte precursors are attracted to the thymus.
THE ROLE OF GROUND STATE COMPLEXATION IN THE ELECTRON TRANSFER QUENCHING OF METHYLENE BLUE FLUORESCENCE BY PURINE NUCLEOTIDES (1991)

The effect of three purine nucleotides on the fluorescence of methylene blue in aqueous buffer has been investigated. Guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) and xanthosine-5'-monophosphate cause fluorescence quenching while adenosine-5'-monophosphate causes a red shift in the fluorescence maximum. All three nucleotides form ground state complexes with the nucleotides as indicated by absorption spectroscopy. The fluorescence changes at nucleotide concentrations less than 30 mM are best described by a static mechanism involving the formation of non-fluorescent binary and ternary complexes in competition with dimerization of the dye. Quenching of the fluorescence decay (tau = 368 ps) at high GMP concentrations (10-100 mM) occurs at the rate of diffusion. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching may involve electron transfer within the singlet excited dye-nucleotide complex although published values of the oxidation potentials of various purine derivatives would suggest that all three nucleotides should cause quenching. Evidence for electron transfer was obtained from flash photolysis experiments in which 100 mM GMP was found to cause the appearance of a long lived transient species absorbing in the region expected for semimethylene blue.
A workflow for streamlined acquisition and correlation of serial regions of interest in array tomography (2021)

Our method facilitates tracing and reconstructing cellular structures over multiple sections, is targeted at high resolution ILEMs, and can be integrated into existing devices, both commercial and custom-built systems.
Magnetization reversal and interlayer coupling in magnetic tunneling junctions (2000)

We have studied the switching properties of micron-scale magnetic tunnel junctions in two-dimensional magnetic fields. We present data on interlayer magnetic coupling for multiple samples. We interpret these data as the sum of a magnetostatic and a Néel coupling contribution. The data are presented as functions of layer structure. In addition, we have extracted information about interface roughness. We have also studied the area of switching critical curves as a function of device geometry.
Population Density and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Population-Based Study in 13 Countries or Regions in Asia-Pacific (2018)

Regions in Asia with a high population density had a higher CD and UC incidence. Coastal areas within China had higher IBD incidence. With increasing urbanization and a shift from rural areas to cities, disease incidence may continue to climb in Asia.
A Numerical Study of the Flow and Pollutant Dispersion in Valley-River Urban (2013)

Air flow and pollutant dispersion characteristics in a real valley city are studied under the real boundary condition. The 3D computational fluid dynamics using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling was carried out in Lanzhou which is a typical valley city in Northwest, China. The standard κ­-ε turbulence model as a simplified computational fluid dynamics model is used to provide moderately fast simulations of turbulent airflow in an urban environment. The modeled flow field indicated that the geometry, wind direction and source location had a significant effects on the flow field. The flow shows the funnelling is rather obvious when the wind flow through the narrow area in the middle of the city. It is obvious that in the high-altitude region, due to the impact of high and low differential pressure and terrain, SO 2 and NO 2 formed two cyclic concentration field in the dispersion process.
Toxic level hypergolic vapor detection sensor development (1979)

Development of an electrochemical sensor technology capable of PPB level hypergolic vapor sensing is reported. A portable instrument capable of meeting the design goals is described.
Three-dimensional regularized binary image reconstruction from three two-dimensional projections using a randomized ICM algorithm (1998)

In this article, we address the problem of fully three-dimensional (3D) binary image reconstruction from three projections. The regularization approach relies on the use of a 3D Ising model which is a particular Gibbs prior. The problem is then equivalent to the minimization of a nonconvex energy function on discrete values. After an evaluation of standard optimization methods such as simulated annealing or its deterministic version ICM, we propose a new algorithm called parallel randomized ICM. It improves the reconstruction quality compared to ICM solutions while keeping reasonable reconstruction time. Its performances are evaluated from simulated projections for different 3D test images. Its application to real data is presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 9, 135–146, 1998
Artificially generated ultrasonic holograms (1986)

In the course of research on synthetic aperture ultrasonic holography, some interesting experiments with artificial holograms were performed. The general idea was to synthesize one dimension of the hologram aperture by frequency control. Thus, a hologram was made by sweeping the frequency of the transducer at each position of a linear scan. When the frequency sweep was linear, the result was much like a Fourier.transform hologram in that linear fringes were obtained. When the frequency was swept quadratically, the familiar Fresnel zone patterns were generated.
Mid-infrared plasmonic nanoantennas for protein structure detection (2017)

Summary form only given. Engineered plasmonic nanoantennas with well-defined resonances in Mid-Infrared (Mid-IR) range enable unique possibilities for surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy of biomolecular monolayers, including proteins, for detection, identification and analysis purposes through their distinct vibrational fingerprints. Proteins amide signatures contain vital information on their secondary structural properties which is important in understanding many incurable diseases such as type II diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore introducing non-destructive label-free biosensors that enable structural analysis of proteins at their native states and in aqueous solution will provide unique advantageous in applications related to fundamental biology and diseases. In this work, we showed for the first time that plasmonic Mid-IR nanoantennas can sensitively differentiate the secondary structural compositions of protein monolayers both in dry and aqueous environments. Our experimental results with disease-related proteins using Mid-IR plasmonic nanorod antenna arrays demonstrate our platform as a powerful spectroscopic biosensor by detecting conformational variations in random structured monomeric monolayer and cross β-sheet structured fibrillated a-synuclein (α-Syn) protein as well as dominantly native β-sheet streptavidin protein. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</sup>
Controlling the semi-permeability of protein nanocapsules influences the cellular response to macromolecular payloads (2021)

Nanocapsules are an excellent platform for the delivery of macromolecular payloads such as proteins, nucleic acids or polyprodrugs, since they can both protect the sensitive cargo and target its delivery to the desired site of action. However, the release of macromolecules from nanocapsules remains a challenge due to their restricted diffusion through the nanoshell compared to small molecule cargo. Here, we designed degradable protein nanocapsules with varying crosslinking densities of the nanoshell to control the release of model macromolecules. While the crosslinking did not influence the degradability of the capsules by natural proteases, it significantly affected the release profiles. Furthermore, the optimized protein nanocapsules were successfully used to deliver and effectively release a bioactive macromolecular vaccine adjuvant <i>in vitro</i> and, thus, can be used as an efficient platform for the design of potential nanovaccines.