gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tightly coupled position and attitude determination with two low-cost GNSS receivers (2014)

A precise position and attitude information is essential for autonomous driving of any vehicle. Low-cost GNSS receivers and antennas can provide a precise attitude and drift-free position information. However, severe code multipath, frequent half cycle slips and losses of lock might temporarily reduce the accuracy. Inertial sensors are robust to GNSS signal interruption and very precise over short time frames, which enables a reliable cycle slip correction. However, low-cost inertial sensors suffer from a substantial drift. In this paper, we propose a tightly coupled position and attitude determination method for two low-cost GNSS receivers, a gyroscope and an accelerometer. It improves classical tightly coupled solutions by including a synchronization correction, by the estimation of the code multipath for each satellite and receiver, and by the additional determination of satellite-satellite single difference ambiguities. The proposed method was verified in a test drive. We obtained a heading with an accuracy of 0.25°/baseline length [m] and an absolute position with an accuracy of 1 m.
Textbooks for developing regions (2012)

Education is known to be the key determinant of economic growth and prosperity [9, 13]. While the issues in devising a high-quality educational system are multi-faceted and complex, textbooks are acknowledged to be the educational input most consistently associated with gains in student learning [12]. Particularly in developing regions, they are the primary conduits for delivering content knowledge to the students and the teachers base their lesson plans primarily on the material given in textbooks[8]. However, many textbooks from these regions suffer from the lack of clarity of language as well as the inadequacy of information provided [10]. Because of cost considerations, textbooks are often compressed into fewer pages resulting in poor exposition of subject matter [11].
DETECTION OF INVISIBLE BACILLI SPORES ON SURFACES USING A PORTABLE SERS-BASED ANALYZER (2008)

Since the distribution of anthrax causing spores through the U.S. Postal System in the autumn of 2001, bioterrorism has become an ever present threat. During and following an attack it is also important to detect spores on surfaces, to assess the extent of an attack, to quantify risk of infection by contact, as well as to evaluate post-attack clean-up. To perform useful measurements, analyzers and/or methods must be capable of detecting as few as 10 spores/cm 2 , in under 5-minutes, with little or no sample preparation or false-positive responses, using a portable device. In an effort to develop such a device, we have been investigating the ability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect dipicolinic acid (DPA) as a chemical signature of bacilli spores. In general, SERS is capable of detecting mg/L concentrations and lower, and providing unequivocal identification of chemicals based on each one's unique spectrum. However, rapid analysis requires extracting the DPA from the spores for SERS detection. Here we describe the use of a room temperature digesting agent in combination with SERS to detect 220 spores on a surface, the entire procedure which was performed in 2.5 minutes.
Doubling up: Increasing Charge Storage in Organic Donors and Acceptors for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2017)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for grid storage, with a few large-scale systems currently in operation. However, current systems have not met the stringent cost and/or safety requirements needed for widespread implementation. Replacing vanadium with organic compounds may lower materials cost, and utilizing non-aqueous (aprotic) electrolyte solvents, in place of water, could enable a 2- to 3-fold increase in operating voltage. Both features make non-aqueous RFBs candidates for large-scale stationary storage. Currently a limited number of organic compounds have been reported as stable electron donors and acceptors, with even fewer materials being studied as small molecule two-electron donors and/or two-electron acceptors. Yet if the amount of charged stored within an individual molecule were raised without significantly increasing the molecular weight, then electrolyte capacity could be increased proportionally, assuming solubility of neutral and charged species is retained. Our recent efforts have focused on the development of highly soluble electron donors and acceptors with stable oxidized and reduced states. This presentation will focus on design strategies utilized to increase molecular stability in all relevant states of charge as well as solubility. In particular, we highlight the design, synthesis, and electrochemical analysis of phenothiazine and napthoquinone derivatives designed to serve as two-electron donors and two-electron acceptors, respectively. We show that tactical placement of substituents leads to improved stability of doubly oxidized and doubly reduced species, whilst retaining atom economy and that high solubility.
Innate Inflammatory Reaction of the Brain in Alzheimer Disease (2020)

N/A
A study on wound prevalence and its associated risk factors in donkeys in and around Shashemene town, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia (2022)

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of wound and associated risk factors in equines in and around Shashemene town, Ethiopia. A total of 338 randomly selected working donkeys were physically examined out of which 199 (59%) were affected by wounds. In this study body condition was significantly associated (p&lt;0.05) with wound prevalence while age and sex of donkeys were not associated as p-value was &gt;0.05. This study also showed as floor and weight load carried by donkey was significant with a p-value 0.033 and 0.000 respectively. The mean weight carried by donkey was 519.08 kg with the maximum and minimum weight was 800 kg and 100 kg respectively. The highest wound distribution was found at back or withers of the donkeys with a prevalence of 24.3% and followed by shoulder, prescapular, chest, forelimb, neck and hind limb with 11.83%, 10.35%, 4.14%, 3.84%, 3.55%, 0.88% prevalence respectively. Variation in a wound type, abrasion, laceration, punctures and incises, was also significant with p-value 0.000 and 35.23%, 17.8%, 5.3% and 0.6% prevalence respectively and most of the wound was a moderate (21.89%) and followed by mild (18.93%) and severe (18.04%). The highest wound prevalence was caused by improper harness design and saddle (45.85%) followed by unknown cause (5.32%)nail piercing (0.3%), overloading and overworking (0.3%) and infectious disease (0.01%) of wound prevalence. Most of the owners take their donkeys to the nearby veterinary service (50.75%) out of 58.9% of prevalence and most of them were give to their donkeys a short term rest. Generally, the study has clearly indicated wound as a prevailing health and welfare problem of working donkeys in and around Shashemene town. Hence, implementing a comprehensive donkey health and welfare improvement program that focus towards the attitude of owners and awareness creation which was not limited by boundary between town and country side should be a priority for concerned stakeholder.
Tandem mass spectrometry reveals that three photosystem II proteins of spinach chloroplasts contain N-acetyl-O-phosphothreonine at their NH2 termini. (1988)

Photosystem II cores of spinach contain four phosphoproteins (8.3, 32, 34, and 44 kDa). Tryptic digestion of core particles released four phosphopeptides which were purified by affinity chromatography on Fe3+-chelating Sepharose and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. One peptide, derived from the 8.3-kDa protein, has been found to be the NH2 terminus of the psbH gene product (Michel, H. P., and Bennett, J. (1987) FEBS Lett. 212, 103-108). The other three peptides were found to be blocked at the NH2 terminus. We now report the use of tandem mass spectrometry to obtain the sequence of the three other peptides, to locate the phosphorylated residue, and to identify the blocking group. The three peptides correspond to the NH2 termini of D1, D2, and CPa-2; and each begins with N-acetyl-O-phosphothreonine. Comparison with sequences deduced from cloned genes indicates that D1 and D2 have lost their initiating N-formylmethionyl residues. The result for D1 contradicts the view that translation of D1 begins at the second AUG of the mRNA (Bloom, M., Brot, N., Cohen, B. N., and Weissbach, H. (1986) Methods Enzymol. 118, 309-315) and supports the view that processing of pre-D1 to its mature form involves loss of amino acids from the COOH terminus (Marder, J. B., Goloubinoff, P., and Edelman, M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3900-3908). In contrast, CPa-2 is processed at the NH2 terminus by cleaving off the first 14 amino acids. These results also establish that the NH2 termini of D1, D2, and CPa-2 are exposed to the stromal side of the thylakoids.
Therapeutic Vaccine Against S100A9 (S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9) Inhibits Thrombosis Without Increasing the Risk of Bleeding in Ischemic Stroke in Mice (2018)

Decreased adherence to daily ingestion of antiplatelet drugs is a critical issue, increasing mortality and morbidity in poststroke patients. As vaccination could be a promising approach to solving this, we designed an antiplatelet vaccine that inhibited S100A9 (S100 calcium-binding protein A9)/CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) signaling in platelets, which was reported to be a key signal in arterial thrombosis, but not hemostasis. Immunization with this vaccine induced a sustainable increase in the anti-S100A9 antibody titer for >2 months and an additional booster immunization enhanced the antibody production further. The middle cerebral artery occlusion time was successfully prolonged in the vaccinated mice, which was comparable to that in mice treated with clopidogrel. The antithrombotic effect lasted for 84 days after the last vaccination, as well as after the booster immunization. Importantly, the bleeding time was not affected in the immunized mice. The antithrombotic effect was also observed in the common carotid artery, which was similar to that found in CD36<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Vascular injury increased the expression of S100A9 in the serum and phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and VAV1 in the platelets, but these increases were inhibited in the immunized mice. Moreover, the S100A9 vaccine did not induce cell-mediated autoimmunity, as demonstrated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Thus, immunization with the S100A9 vaccine resulted in long-term inhibition of thrombus formation through inhibition of increased S100A9/CD36 signaling without risk of bleeding or adverse autoimmune responses. Vaccination against S100A9 might be a novel therapy to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke.
Charge-carrier mobility in an organic semiconductor thin film measured by photoinduced electroluminescence (2006)

With existing methods it is difficult to measure the mobility of semiconducting thin films that have submicron thickness and submicrosecond charge-carrier transit time. To simplify these measurements we demonstrate a technique that is a combination of the time-of-flight and transient electroluminescence methods. The technique is fundamentally optical in that it decouples the carrier transient signal from the device charging circuit and hence removes the RC time constant constraint that limits existing methods. The technique was applied to measure electron mobility in a tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ3) thin film. Results agree well with mobility values obtained using other methods.
A nonsense mutation of the human luteinizing hormone receptor gene in Leydig cell hypoplasia (1995)

Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) is a form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which Leydig cell differentiation and testosterone production are impaired. This report describes the first case of a nonsense mutation (A1635C) in exon 11 of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (hLHR) gene in two sisters with LCH. This mutation causes loss of function of the receptor by introducing a stop codon at residue 545 in transmembrane helix 5 of the hLHR. Surface expression of the truncated hLHR (hLHR-t545) in human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with cDNA encoding hLHR-t545 was diminished compared to the wild-type hLHR and hCG-induced cAMP accumulation was impaired. These results establish that single base mutations in exon 11 of the hLHR gene can produce inactivation as well as activation of the hLHR. Furthermore, they demonstrate that functional domains between transmembrane helix 5 and the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the hLHR are required for normal cell surface expression of the receptor and signal transduction.
Development of nickel‐based cable batteries with carbon nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene enhanced flexible electrodes (2020)

The fabrication of flexible nickel-based cable batteries is presented. Different fabrication methods, as well as formulations, were studied. It was found that iron anodes were more suitable than zinc electrodes for the helix design used in the cable/rope-shaped cells, possibly due to their higher stability in the alkaline environment. Furthermore, the addition of a thin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer to the electrodes enhanced their mechanical stability, making them more durable and stable when twisted into helixes during cell assembly and packaging. A single-step precipitation reaction was used to load iron oxides directly onto carbon nanotubes, which promoted contact between iron/iron oxide particles and conductive additives and thus improved the discharge capacity of the batteries. After optimizations, the typical iron anode showed initial specific capacity higher than 90 mAh g−1, though it decreased to around 60 mAh g−1 and remained more stable as cycles continued. The cable cells also remained functional and showed consistent performance under bent conditions.
A Force-Based Blending Model forAtomistic-to-Continuum Coupling (2007)

A method for coupling atomistic and continuum models across a subdomain, or bridge region, is presented. Coupling is effected through a force-based blending model. The method properly accounts for the the atomistic and continuum contributions to the force balance at points in the bridge region. Simple patch tests and computational experiments are used to study the method and its properties in one dimension. A discussion of implementation issues in higher dimensions is provided.
Reactions of Cationic Gold(I) with Allenoates: Synthesis of Stable Organogold(I) Complexes and Mechanistic Investigations on Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations (2009)

The reaction of allenoates with cationic gold(I)-generated in situ from a phosphine gold chloride and a silver salt-formed unusual, room temperature stable vinyl gold(I) lactones under very mild conditions. The scope and limitations for the synthesis of this novel organogold complex was investigated. DFT calculations on the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of allenoates and the natural bond orbital (NBO) charge densities provided an explanation for the limitations. A plausible mechanism for its formation was proposed based on in situ (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopic analyses. Controlled experiments for the cleavage of the gold-carbon bond by electrophiles indicated that this vinyl gold(I) complex is the likely intermediate in the gold-catalyzed reaction of carbon-carbon multiple bonds.
Cyclic Peptide Mimetic of Damaged Collagen (2020)

Collagen is the most abundant protein in humans and the major component of human skin. Collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) can anneal to damaged collagen in vitro and in vivo. A duplex of CMPs was envisioned as a macromolecular mimic for damaged collagen. The duplex was synthesized on a solid support from the amino groups of a lysine residue and by using olefin metathesis to link the N termini. The resulting cyclic peptide, which is a monomer in solution, binds to CMPs to form a triple helix. Among these, CMPs that are engineered to avoid the formation of homotrimers but preorganized to adopt the conformation of a collagen strand exhibit enhanced association. Thus, this cyclic peptide enables the assessment of CMPs for utility in annealing to damaged collagen. Such CMPs have potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of fibrotic diseases and wounds.
Modeling and Demonstration of Thermally Stable High-Sensitivity Reproducible Acoustic Sensors (2012)

A thermally stable high-sensitivity compact fiber acoustic sensor with a large bandwidth and a high dynamic range is introduced. The device is based on a photonic crystal fabricated on a compliant single-crystal silicon diaphragm, which is placed near the metalized end of a single-mode fiber to form a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity. High reproducibility in operating wavelength ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex></formula> 1 nm) is enabled by assembling the sensor in a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> chip using room-temperature sodium silicate oxide bonding. We demonstrate ten FP sensors with measured displacement sensitivities within <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex></formula> 0.6 dB. The response is shown to be polarization independent and thermally stable, with a thermal coefficient of the operating wavelength of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$2.9\ \hbox{pm}/^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex></formula> over more than 50 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex></formula> . An experimental sensor is shown to measure acoustic pressures down to a record low of 5.6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{Pa}/\surd\hbox{Hz}$</tex> </formula> at 12.5 kHz with a flatband response greater than 8 kHz and a sensitivity extending down to at least 100 Hz. The dynamic range in pressure is greater than 100 dB. An electromechanical model of the device response is presented and shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hfill$ </tex></formula> [2011-0381]
Gas permeability and n‐butane solubility of poly(1‐trimethylgermyl‐1‐propyne) (2002)

Abstract The gas permeability and n ‐butane solubility in glassy poly(1‐trimethylgermyl‐1‐propyne) (PTMGP) are reported. As synthesized, the PTMGP product contains two fractions: (1) one that is insoluble in toluene and soluble only in carbon disulfide (the toluene‐insoluble polymer) and (2) one that is soluble in both toluene and carbon disulfide (the toluene‐soluble polymer). In as‐cast films, the gas permeability and n ‐butane solubility are higher in films prepared from the toluene‐soluble polymer (particularly in those films cast from toluene) than in films prepared from the toluene‐insoluble polymer and increase to a maximum in both fractions after methanol conditioning. For example, in as‐cast films prepared from carbon disulfide, the oxygen permeability at 35 °C is 330 × 10 −10 cm 3 (STP) cm/(cm 2 s cmHg) for the toluene‐soluble polymer and 73 × 10 −10 cm 3 (STP) cm/(cm 2 s cmHg) for the toluene‐insoluble polymer. After these films are conditioned in methanol, the oxygen permeability increases to 5200 × 10 −10 cm 3 (STP) cm/(cm 2 s cmHg) for the toluene‐soluble polymer and 6200 × 10 −10 cm 3 (STP) cm/(cm 2 s cmHg) for the toluene‐insoluble polymer. The rankings of the fractional free volume and nonequilibrium excess free volume in the various PTMGP films are consistent with the measured gas permeability and n ‐butane solubility values. Methanol conditioning increases gas permeability and n ‐butane solubility of as‐cast PTMGP films, regardless of the polymer fraction type and casting solvent used, and minimizes the permeability and solubility differences between the various films (i.e., the permeability and solubility values of all conditioned PTMGP films are similar). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2228–2236, 2002
[A new method for determination of renin inhibitors]. (1990)

To determine the concentration of renin inhibitors in plasma or other biological fluids, we developed an original approach to the already existing methods, such as HPLC or radio-inhibitor binding and enzyme inhibitor assays. We made an antigen-antibody complex by linking human renin (0.8 nM) to a specific monoclonal antibody fixed to magnetic spheres (3E8-magnogel). A binding technique with 3H-43845 (4 nM) was applied to this preparation to assess the association and dissociation kinetics of SR 43845, a highly potent and specific renin inhibitor. Standard curves were built and CI50 was 0.53 +/- 0.07 nM (n = 5). One of the application of this method is the biochemical characterization of renin inhibitors. We close several various chemical structure renin inhibitors having the inhibiting activity of 0.01 to 10,000 nM (CI50 human PRA). Preliminary results show a good correlation (r = 0.97; n = 12) with those obtained in plasma. In other respects, this new assay was applied to determine SR 43845 plasma concentrations in human pharmacokinetic studies and in primate pharmacological studies. The limit of detection was 0.09 ng/ml. Finally, it is now possible to perform a relationship between plasma concentrations of renin inhibitor and blood pressure changes or other biochemical parameters changes to allow a better understanding to the renin-angiotension system.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Mimetics of a Nucleotide Ca2+‐Mobilizing Second Messenger: Synthesis and Chemical Biology (2012)

Abstract Review: 40 refs.
Reactive and energy transfer processes of the neutral radical species HgBr in gas phase collisions (2015)

Experimental investigations are conducted wherein kinetic process associated with the gas phase radical species HgBr are studied. These studies also serve to provide pertinent information to the development of the blue-green HgBr (B--X) laser. The experiments utilize laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and/or chemiluminescence as a means for observing the collisional behavior of HgBr radicals.
Design and Characterization of an Entrained Flow Reactor for the Study of Biomass Pyrolysis Chemistry at High Heating Rates (2001)

A laminar entrained flow reactor has been designed for studying the chemistry of fast biomass pyrolysis. This is the first of two papers on the reaction system. Peak heating rates in the reactor are on the order of 104 K/s. The reactor is capable of interfacing with a molecular beam mass spectrometer for rapid analysis of gas phase chemistry. Computational fluid dynamic simulations are used to predict an accurate time−temperature profile for the reactants and to better understand the internal processes in the reactor. Predicted and measured reaction rates compare favorably for a gas phase reaction standard. Particle devolatilization is modeled to help understand the tradeoff between heat transport and kinetic control of the pyrolysis rate. Biomass and cellulose particles below about 50 μm are expected to be sufficiently small to avoid heat transport pyrolysis control, and thus allow study of kinetically controlled pyrolysis in this reactor. This paper is the first of two, and describes the characterization of the entrained flow reactor and methodologies developed for determining quantitative kinetic measurements. The second paper describes the application of these techniques to the study of cellulose pyrolysis at high heating rates.