gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rigorous extraction of process variations for 65nm CMOS design (2007)

Statistical circuit analysis and optimization are critical for robust nanoscale design. To accurately perform such analysis, primary process variation sources need to be identified and modeled for further circuit simulation. In this work, we present a rigorous method to extract process variations from <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in-situ</i> IV measurements. Transistor statistics are collected from a test chip fabricated in a 65 nm SOI process. We recognize gate length (L), threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) and mobility (mu) as the leading variation sources, due to the tremendous process challenge in lithography, channel doping, and stress. To decompose them, only three IV points are needed from the leakage and linear regions. Both L and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations are normally distributed, with negligible spatial correlation. By including extracted variations in the nominal model file, we can accurately predict the change of drive current in all process corners. The new extraction method guarantees excellent model matching with hardware for further statistical circuit analysis.
Selecting RAID Levels for Disk Arrays (2002)

Disk arrays have a myriad of configuration parameters that interact in counter-intuitive ways, and those interactions can have significant impacts on cost, performance, and reliability. Even after values for these parameters have been chosen, there are exponentially-many ways to map data onto the disk arrays&amp;apos; logical units. Meanwhile, the importance of correct choices is increasing: storage systems represent an growing fraction of total system cost, they need to respond more rapidly to changing needs, and there is less and less tolerance for mistakes. We believe that automatic design and configuration of storage systems is the only viable solution to these issues. To that end, we present a comparative study of a range of techniques for programmatically choosing the RAID levels to use in a disk array. Our simplest approaches are modeled on existing, manual rules of thumb: they &amp;quot;tag&amp;quot; data with a RAID level before determining the configuration of the array to which it is assigned. Our best approach simultaneously determines the RAID levels for the data, the array configuration, and the layout of data on that array. It operates as an optimization process with the twin goals of minimizing array cost while ensuring that storage workload performance requirements will be met. This approach produces robust solutions with an average cost/performance 14-- 17% better than the best results for the tagging schemes, and up to 150--200% better than their worst solutions. We believe that this is the first presentation and systematic analysis of a variety of novel, fully-automatic RAID- level selection techniques. 1
Comparative passivation effects of self-assembled mono- and multilayers on GaAs junction field effect transistors (2008)

Control of semiconductor interface state density with molecular passivation is essential for developing conduction-based biosensors. In this study, GaAs junction field effect transistors (JFETs) are fabricated and characterized before and after passivation of the GaAs surface with self-assembled mono- and multilayers. The JFETs functionalized with 1-octadecanethiol monolayers and two types of self-assembled organic nanodielectric (SAND) multilayers exhibit significantly different threshold voltage (Vth) and subthreshold slope (Ssub) characteristics versus the unpassivated devices and provide useful information on the quality of the passivation. Two-dimensional device simulations quantify the effective density of fixed surface charges and interfacial traps and argue for the importance of the type-III SAND ionic charges in enhancing GaAs JFET response characteristics.
The suppression of viewing angle dependence of top emission organic light emitting diodes having strong microcavity characteristics by applying concave patterned anode (2018)

Abstract In order to obtain the stable viewing angle characteristics of top emission organic light emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) having strong microcavity characteristics, we fabricated nano‐porous film on the glass substrate before depositing highly reflective anode. And then, we could obtain the concave patterned anode by depositing anode on the nano‐porous film and fabricated TEOLED composed of concave patterned layers. From this approach, we could successfully obtain not only the stable color shift and luminance distribution with viewing angle but also high efficiency caused by uneven morphology. In addition, we found that the driving voltage of TEOLED could be reduced due to increased surface area effect of the concave patterned anode, so that the power efficiency was enhanced by about 15% in comparison with reference device.
New chimeric HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of colorectal cancer (2022)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-associated deaths due to a high recurrence rate and an increasing occurrence of resistance to established therapies. This highlights the importance of developing new chemotherapeutic agents. The current study focuses on cancer-specific targets such as apoptosis-inhibiting survivin, which distinguishes cancer cells from healthy tissue. A combination of pharmacophores of established anticancer agents to afford chimeric pleiotropic chemotherapeutic agents was tested on this cancer entity. We analysed the effects of the dual mode anticancer agents, animthioxam, brimbam, troxbam, and troxham, as well as their structural congeners suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and combretastatin A-4 on human cancer cell lines. Their cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assay, further techniques for detecting apoptotic events, cell cycle analyses, clonogenic and wound healing assays, immunostaining, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity measurements, and Western blot analysis for the detection of survivin expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess potential molecular targets of the test compounds. The test compounds were found selectively cytotoxic toward cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. The metastatic potential was effectively reduced by disruption of the microtubular cytoskeleton. The test compounds were also proven to be general HDAC inhibitors and to lead to reduced survivin expression.
Selective axonal growth of embryonic hippocampal neurons according to topographic features of various sizes and shapes (2010)

The results suggest that implementing physical cues of various shapes and sizes on nerve guidance conduits and other advanced biomaterial scaffolds could help stimulate axon regeneration.
Genome-wide rare variant score associates with morphological subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (2022)

Defining different genetic subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can enable the prediction of developmental outcomes. Based on minor physical and major congenital anomalies, we categorize 325 Canadian children with ASD into dysmorphic and nondysmorphic subgroups. We develop a method for calculating a patient-level, genome-wide rare variant score (GRVS) from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. GRVS is a sum of the number of variants in morphology-associated coding and non-coding regions, weighted by their effect sizes. Probands with dysmorphic ASD have a significantly higher GRVS compared to those with nondysmorphic ASD (P = 0.03). Using the polygenic transmission disequilibrium test, we observe an over-transmission of ASD-associated common variants in nondysmorphic ASD probands (P = 2.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). These findings replicate using WGS data from 442 ASD probands with accompanying morphology data from the Simons Simplex Collection. Our results provide support for an alternative genomic classification of ASD subgroups using morphology data, which may inform intervention protocols.
Bonobos Maintain Immune System Diversity with Three Functional Types of MHC-B (2017)

Fast-evolving MHC class I polymorphism serves to diversify NK cell and CD8 T cell responses in individuals, families, and populations. Because only chimpanzee and bonobo have strict orthologs of all <i>HLA class I</i>, their study gives unique perspectives on the human condition. We defined polymorphism of <i>Papa-B</i>, the bonobo ortholog of <i>HLA-B</i>, for six wild bonobo populations. Sequences for <i>Papa-B</i> exon 2 and 3 were determined from the genomic DNA in 255 fecal samples, minimally representing 110 individuals. Twenty-two <i>Papa-B</i> alleles were defined, each encoding a different Papa-B protein. No Papa-B is identical to any chimpanzee Patr-B, human HLA-B, or gorilla Gogo-B. Phylogenetic analysis identified a clade of MHC-B, defined by residues 45-74 of the α<sub>1</sub> domain, which is broadly conserved among bonobo, chimpanzee, and gorilla. Bonobo populations have 3-14 Papa-B allotypes. Three Papa-B are in all populations, and they are each of a different functional type: allotypes having the Bw4 epitope recognized by killer cell Ig-like receptors of NK cells, allotypes having the C1 epitope also recognized by killer cell Ig-like receptors, and allotypes having neither epitope. For population Malebo, these three Papa-B are the only Papa-B allotypes. Although small in number, their sequence divergence is such that the nucleotide diversity (mean proportional distance) of <i>Papa-B</i> in Malebo is greater than in the other populations and is also greater than expected for random combinations of three <i>Papa-B</i> Overall, <i>Papa-B</i> has substantially less diversity than <i>Patr-B</i> in chimpanzee subspecies and <i>HLA-B</i> in indigenous human populations, consistent with bonobo having experienced narrower population bottlenecks.
<title>Two-photon-absorption-induced photochromic reactions in spirobenzopyran-doped PMMA waveguides</title> (1999)

Multimode spirobenzopyran (SP) doped PMMA channel waveguides have been fabricated and one- and two-photon absorption induced photochromic reactions have been demonstrated in these waveguides. Bleaching of SP was performed by coupling a 0.75-mW, 543nm beam into these guides. Two-photon absorption based coloring was demonstrated using two counterpropagating pulses, one at 1064 nm and the other at 532 nm. We measured the coupling efficiency to be 0.168, which gave intensities inside the guide of 10.494 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 7.765 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for the IR and the green beams, respectively. The ability to shift the colored spot via pulse delay in the counterpropagating pulse scheme was also demonstrated by moving a colored spot by approximately 30 micrometers . Finally, two-photon induced fluorescence was observed by exciting the waveguide with a single 1064-nm beam at an intensity of approximately 10 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Preparation of Monolithic Porous Titania‐Silica Ceramics (1990)

Monolithic porous ceramics composed of TiO 2 (67 mol%) and SiO 2 (33 mol%) were prepared via casting a melt in the Na 2 O‐CaO‐TiO 2 ‐P 2 O 5 ‐SiO 2 system and subsequent acid leaching of the resultant ceramics which are constituted of NaCaPO 4 , TiO 2 , and amorphous SiO 2 . The median pore diameter and specific surface area of the resulting porous ceramics are approximately 1 μm and 40 m 2 , respectively. Amorphous silica surrounds the submicrometer‐sized particles of TiO 2 acting as a binder and retaining monolithic forms. No significant shrinkage in the pore size occurred upon heating up to 1000°C.
Directional propagation measurements and modeling in an urban environment at 3.7 GHz (2016)

In order to realistically model urban micro-cell environments with low base station heights, a measurement campaign has been conducted in the 3.5-3.8 GHz frequency band. The two scenarios of interest are the Urban Micro (UMi) Campus and Open Square scenarios. The findings of this campaign led to a parameter set for the quasi deterministic radio channel generator (QuaDRiGa) channel model and shall be used to improve accuracy in small-cell network design and evaluation towards 5G. This report includes details about the measurement array antenna as well as the approach of data analysis and postprocessing.
Drug Screen Targeted at Plasmodium Liver Stages Identifies a Potent Multistage Antimalarial Drug (2012)

Plasmodium parasites undergo a clinically silent and obligatory developmental phase in the host's liver cells before they are able to infect erythrocytes and cause malaria symptoms. To overcome the scarcity of compounds targeting the liver stage of malaria, we screened a library of 1037 existing drugs for their ability to inhibit Plasmodium hepatic development. Decoquinate emerged as the strongest inhibitor of Plasmodium liver stages, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, decoquinate kills the parasite's replicative blood stages and is active against developing gametocytes, the forms responsible for transmission. The drug acts by selectively and specifically inhibiting the parasite's mitochondrial bc(1) complex, with little cross-resistance with the antimalarial drug atovaquone. Oral administration of a single dose of decoquinate effectively prevents the appearance of disease, warranting its exploitation as a potent antimalarial compound.
CONSOLIDATION OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS WITH MICROWAVE FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FERULIC ACID FROM THE FRUITLETS OF OIL PALM (2023)

This article reports the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm fruitlets by using deep eutectic solvent (DES) with microwave assistance.The difference in the amount of ferulic acid extracted from unsterilised and sterilised oil palm fruitlets using DES with microwave assistance was not significant, signifying that sterilisation during palm oil milling did not have much effect on the content of ferulic acid in the palm fruitlets.Acetic acid (AA) is a better hydrogen bond donor than citric acid in choline chloride (ChCl) DES whereby higher amount of ferulic acid could be extracted from oil palm fruitlets when ChCl-AA was used as the extraction medium (ca.40.3 mg/g versus ca.34.4 mg/g).The optimum conditions for the extraction of ferulic acid from palm fruitlets were by using ChCl with AA containing 30 wt.% water, heated with microwave at 60 o C for 6 min.Ferulic acid extracted from unsterilised oil palm fruitlets exhibited higher radical scavenging activity (92%-95%) than sterilised fruitlets extract (88%-92%), indicating that although the sterilisation process did not significantly affect the content of ferulic acid in the oil palm fruitlets, the bioactivity of the ferulic acid was slightly affected.
Multi-element, multi-frequency lens transformations enabled by optical wavefront matching (2017)

Transformation optics (TO) has brought forth a renewed interest in gradient-index (GRIN) optics due to its ability to allow arbitrary geometries to electromagnetically mimic the behaviors of more conventional structures via a spatially-inhomogeneous refractive index profile. While quasi-conformal transformation optics (qTO) has seen great success at microwave and RF frequencies, it is inherently limited to single frequency transformations: an immediate shortcoming for designs in the optical regime. Also, achieving desirable solutions from multi-element transformations is difficult for qTO. To overcome these challenges, a multi-component multi-frequency lens transformation procedure based on the wavefront-matching (WFM) design methodology is presented. Finally, the procedure is applied to a number of optical systems to advocate its efficacy as a more general transformation method.
Terminally-Crosslinked Sulfonated Poly(fluorenyl ether sulfone) as a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for both PEMFC and DMFC Application (2010)

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a main component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) for transferring protons from anode to cathode as well as providing a barrier to the fuel gas between two electrodes. Some specific limitations for the well- known perfluorinated membranes including high cost, high me-thanol permeability, and loss of the preferable properties at high temperature (80
F-box only protein 9 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of PPARγ (2016)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a critical regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory response. Post-translational modification of PPARγ and its degradation involve several pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here, we identified F-box only protein 9 (FBXO9) as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of PPARγ. We screened interacting partners of PPARγ using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis and identified FBXO9 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of PPARγ. FBXO9 directly interacted with PPARγ through the activation function-1 domain and ligand-binding domain. FBXO9 decreased the protein stability of PPARγ through induction of ubiquitination. We found that the F-box motif of FBXO9 was required for its ubiquitination function. The activity of PPARγ was significantly decreased by FBXO9 overexpression. Furthermore, FBXO9 overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in decreased levels of endogenous PPARγ and suppression of adipogenesis. These results suggest that FBXO9 is an important enzyme that regulates the stability and activity of PPARγ through ubiquitination.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces in food retailers in Ontario (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated increased interest in potential transmission routes. In food retail settings, transmission from infected customers and workers and customers through surfaces has been deemed plausible. However, limited information exists on the presence and survival of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces, particularly outside laboratory settings. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to assess the presence of the virus at commonly found surfaces at food retail stores and the potential role that these spaces play in virus transmission. Samples (n=957) were collected twice a week for a month in food-retail stores within Ontario, Canada. High-touch surfaces were identified and surveyed in 4 zones within the store (payment stations, deli counters, refrigerated food section and carts and baskets). The samples were analyzed using a molecular method, i.e., reverse transcriptase quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Regardless of the store's location, the sampling day or time, the location of the surface within the store or the surface material, all samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest that the risk of exposure from contaminated high-touch surfaces within a food retailer store is low if preventive measures and recommended sanitizing routines are maintained.
Optical-electrical hybrid signal equalizer for ultra-high-speed transmission (2015)

We demonstrate an optical–electrical hybrid equalizer, which comprises an optical domain equalizer fabricated using optical filter banks and an electrical filter in a digital domain by a digital signal processing, to experimentally demodulate degraded 40-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) required for a BER of 1 &times; 10<sup>-3</sup> is improved to 7 dB without an optical equalizer (OEQ) under the back-to-back condition. The fluctuation in the OEQ strength between 0–6 dB will not affect signal quality significantly. The signal degradation caused by the frequency response of devices was minimized using by the hybrid equalizer.
Engineering the Optical Response of the Titanium-MIL-125 Metal–Organic Framework through Ligand Functionalization (2013)

Herein we discuss band gap modification of MIL-125, a TiO2/1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (bdc) metal-organic framework (MOF). Through a combination of synthesis and computation, we elucidated the electronic structure of MIL-125 with aminated linkers. The band gap decrease observed when the monoaminated bdc-NH2 linker was used arises from donation of the N 2p electrons to the aromatic linking unit, resulting in a red-shifted band above the valence-band edge of MIL-125. We further explored in silico MIL-125 with the diaminated linker bdc-(NH2)2 and other functional groups (-OH, -CH3, -Cl) as alternative substitutions to control the optical response. The bdc-(NH2)2 linking unit was predicted to lower the band gap of MIL-125 to 1.28 eV, and this was confirmed through the targeted synthesis of the bdc-(NH2)2-based MIL-125. This study illustrates the possibility of tuning the optical response of MOFs through rational functionalization of the linking unit, and the strength of combined synthetic/computational approaches for targeting functionalized hybrid materials.
TLA Based Face Tracking (2002)

Human face tracking (HFT) is one of several technologies useful in vision-based interaction (VBI), which is one of several technologies useful in the broader area of perceptual user interfaces (PUI). In this paper we motivate our interests in PUI and VBI, and describe our recent efforts in various aspects of face tracking in the Interaction Lab at UCSB. The HFT methods (GWN, EHT, and CFD), in the context of VBI and PUI, are part of an overall “TLA approach ” to face tracking. TLA /T-L-A / n. [Three-Letter Acronym] 1. Selfdescribing abbreviation for a species with which computing terminology is infested. 2. Any confusing acronym…. (From the Jargon File v. 4.3.1) 1 Introduction: Perceptual
Rapid, Solventless, Bulk Preparation of Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon (2009)

A rapid, solventless method is described for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles. The straightforward two-step process utilizes neither reducing agents nor electric current and involves the dry mixing of a precursor metal salt (e.g., a metal acetate) with carbon nanotubes (single- or multi- walled) followed by heating in an inert atmosphere. The procedure is scalable to multigram quantities and generally applicable to various other carbon substrates (e.g., carbon nanofiber, expanded graphite, and carbon black) and many metal salts (e.g., Ag, Au, Co, Ni, and Pd acetates). As a model system, Ag nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotube samples were prepared under various mixing techniques, metal loading levels, thermal treatment temperatures, and nanotube oxidative acid treatments. These nanohybrids were characterized by a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. For example, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the average size of the Ag nanoparticles has little to do with the thermal treatment temperature but can be easily controlled by varying the Ag loading. Raman spectroscopy illustrated both the metalnanotube electronic interactions and the surface enhancement effect from the Ag nanoparticle attachment.High-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopycapturedtheinsitusalt-to-metalconversionevents on the nanotube surface. The mechanistic implications from the characterization results are discussed.