gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance-driven simultaneous place and route for row-based FPGAs (1994)

Sequential place and route tools for FPGAs are inherently weak at addressing both wirability and timing optimizations. This is primarily due to the difficulty in predicting these at the placement level. A new performance-driven simultaneous placement / routing technique has been developed for row-based designs. Up to 28% improvements in timing and 33% in wirability have been achieved over a traditional sequential place and route system in use at Texas Instruments for several MCNC benchmark examples.
Breaking the epsilon-Soundness Bound of the Linearity Test over Gf(2) (2010)

For Boolean functions that are $\\epsilon$-far from the set of linear functions, we study the lower bound on the rejection probability (denoted by REJ(epsilon) of the linearity test suggested by Blum, Luby, and Rubinfeld [J. Comput. System Sci., 47 (1993), pp. 549–595]. This problem is arguably the most fundamental and extensively studied problem in property testing of Boolean functions. The previously best bounds for REJ(epsilon) were obtained by Bellare et al. [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 42 (1996), pp. 1781–1795]. They used Fourier analysis to show that REJ(epsilon)[geq]epsilon for every 0[leq]epsilon [leq]1/2. They also conjectured that this bound might not be tight for epsilon's which are close to 1/2. In this paper we show that this indeed is the case. Specifically, we improve the lower bound of REJ(epsilon)[geq]epsilon by an additive constant that depends only on epsilon: REJ(epsilon)[geq] epsilon+min{1376epsilon[superscript 3](1-2epsilon)[superscript 12],[frac 1 over 4epsilon(1-2epsilon[superscript 4]}, for every 0[leq]epsilon[leq]1/2. Our analysis is based on a relationship between REJ(epsilon) and the weight distribution of a coset code of the Hadamard code. We use both Fourier analysis and coding theory tools to estimate this weight distribution.
Preparation and Properties of Transparent, Flexible Ruthenic Acid Nanosheet Thin Films by Electrophoretic Deposition (2006)

Abstract not Available.
(Invited) review of the state-of-the-art in silicon photonics and its potential for aerospace applications (2009)

Silicon based photonic integration technology has advanced significantly in the last several years and it is maturing to the point that it can bring unique opportunities for avionics systems to utilize photonics.
Identification of Synergistic Signals Initiating Inner Ear Development (2000)

Tissue manipulation experiments in amphibians more than 50 years ago showed that induction of the inner ear requires two signals: a mesodermal signal followed by a neural signal. However, the molecules mediating this process have remained elusive. We present evidence for mesodermal initiation of otic development in higher vertebrates and show that the mesoderm can direct terminal differentiation of the inner ear in rostral ectoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the synergistic interactions of the extracellular polypeptide ligands FGF-19 and Wnt-8c as mediators of mesodermal and neural signals, respectively, initiating inner ear development.
Single-port gynecologic surgery. (2010)

Innovation in gynecologic surgery is constantly evolving toward making procedures less invasive. The benefits of laparoscopic surgery over conventional abdominal surgery have been well demonstrated in terms of reducing postoperative pain and decreasing postoperative morbidity, hospital stay duration, and postoperative recovery time. The minimally invasive single-port laparoscopic surgery is another innovation that may further improve gynecologic surgery outcomes. This article reviews the history and types of single-port procedures available, as well as the advantages and challenges that physicians face regarding the adoption of these procedures into general practice.
Pharmacophore Nanoarrays on DNA Origami Substrates as a Single‐Molecule Assay for Fragment‐Based Drug Discovery (2018)

Abstract The rational combination of techniques from the fields of nanotechnology, single molecule detection, and lead discovery could provide elegant solutions to enhance the throughput of drug screening. We have synthesized nanoarrays of small pharmacophores on DNA origami substrates that are displayed either as individual ligands or as fragment pairs and thereby reduced the feature size by several orders of magnitude, as compared with standard microarray techniques. Atomic force microscopy‐based single‐molecule detection allowed us to distinguish potent protein–ligand interactions from weak binders. Several independent binding events, that is, strong, weak, symmetric bidentate, and asymmetric bidentate binding are directly visualized and evaluated. We apply this method to the discovery of bidentate trypsin binders based on benzamidine paired with aromatic fragments. Pairing of benzamidine with the dye TAMRA results in tenfold enhancement of the trypsin binding yield.
Layer-Specific Intracortical Connectivity Revealed with Diffusion MRI (2012)

In this work, we show for the first time that the tangential diffusion component is orientationally coherent at the human cortical surface. Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), we have succeeded in tracking intracortical fiber pathways running tangentially within the cortex. In contrast with histological methods, which reveal little regarding 3-dimensional organization in the human brain, dMRI delivers additional understanding of the layer dependence of the fiber orientation. A postmortem brain block was measured at very high angular and spatial resolution. The dMRI data had adequate resolution to allow analysis of the fiber orientation within 4 notional cortical laminae. We distinguished a lamina at the cortical surface where diffusion was tangential along the surface, a lamina below the surface where diffusion was mainly radial, an internal lamina covering the Stria of Gennari, where both strong radial and tangential diffusion could be observed, and a deep lamina near the white matter, which also showed mainly radial diffusion with a few tangential compartments. The measurement of the organization of the tangential diffusion component revealed a strong orientational coherence at the cortical surface.
Simvastatin Preserves Coronary Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemia in the Absence of Lipid Lowering (2001)

Recent evidence suggests that some benefit from the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors may occur independent of lipid lowering. We aimed to determine the effect of simvastatin on coronary endothelial function, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, and oxidative stress in experimental hypercholesterolemia (HC) in the absence of cholesterol lowering. Pigs were randomized to 3 experimental groups: normal diet (N group), high cholesterol diet (HC group), and HC diet with simvastatin (HC+S group) for 12 weeks. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol was similarly increased in the HC and HC+S groups compared with the N group. In vitro analysis of coronary large- and small-vessel endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was performed. The mean vasorelaxation of epicardial vessels to bradykinin was significantly attenuated in the HC group compared with the N group (32.3+/-1.2% versus 42.9+/-1.6%, respectively; P<0.0001). This attenuation was significantly reversed in the HC+S group (38.7+/-1.5%, P<0.005 versus HC group). The maximal vasorelaxation to substance P was significantly attenuated in the HC group compared with the N group (50.5+/-11.9% versus 79.3+/-5.3%, respectively; P<0.05). This attenuated response was normalized in the HC+S group (74.9+/-4.1%, P<0.05 versus HC group). The maximal arteriolar vasorelaxation to bradykinin was also significantly attenuated in the HC group compared with the N group (71.9+/-4.9% versus 96.8+/-1.34%, respectively; P<0.005). This was reversed in the HC+S group (98.4+/-0.6%, P<0.0001 versus HC group). Western blotting of coronary tissue homogenates for eNOS demonstrated a decrease in protein levels in the HC group compared with the N group, with normalization in the HC+S group. Elevation of plasma F(2)-isoprostanes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, markers of oxidative stress, occurred in the HC compared with the N group. These changes were reversed in the HC+S group. In summary, simvastatin preserves endothelial function in coronary epicardial vessels and arterioles in experimental HC (in the absence of cholesterol lowering) in association with an increase in coronary eNOS levels and a decrease in oxidative stress. These alterations may play a role in the reduction in cardiac events after treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.
Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients with stage II and III colon cancer. (2013)

This study suggests that preoperative NLR may be an independent prognostic marker for TTR in stage II and III colon cancer patients.
Redundancy Reduction in Semantic Segmentation of 3D Brain Tumor MRIs (2021)

Another year of the multimodal brain tumor segmentation challenge (BraTS) 2021 provides an even larger dataset to facilitate collaboration and research of brain tumor segmentation methods, which are necessary for disease analysis and treatment planning. A large dataset size of BraTS 2021 and the advent of modern GPUs provide a better opportunity for deep-learning based approaches to learn tumor representation from the data. In this work, we maintained an encoder-decoder based segmentation network, but focused on a modification of network training process that minimizes redundancy under perturbations. Given a set trained networks, we further introduce a confidence based ensembling techniques to further improve the performance. We evaluated the method on BraTS 2021 validation board, and achieved 0.8600, 0.8868 and 0.9265 average dice for enhanced tumor core, tumor core and whole tumor, respectively. Our team (NVAUTO) submission was the top performing in terms of ET and TC scores and within top 10 performing teams in terms of WT scores.
Large-Area Nano-patterning and Fabrication of Vertical Transistor Array by Non-close-packed Polystyrene Spheres (2015)

We demonstrated a large-area nanopatterning technique with the help of a non-close-packed PS sphere layer over a large-area substrate. The non-close-packed PS sphere layer is fabricated by blade coating method. It was demonstrated that non-close-packed PS spheres can be achieved within an area of 18 cm × 25 cm on a rigid glass substrate and within an area of 10 cm × 10 cm on a flexible substrate. We also demonstrated that the blade-coated non-close-packed PS sphere layer was suitable for the mass production of vertical organic transistors over a large area.
Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulant Treatment in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Where Do We Stand? (2022)

The frequent coexistence in daily clinical practice of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in the elderly, represents a conundrum for physicians, mainly related to the management of anticoagulant therapy. The reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) impairs anticoagulant clearance, increasing bleeding propensity. Moreover, dysfunctional responses of endothelial cells and inflammatory systems both trigger thromboembolic status. Those mechanisms pose an increased risk of adverse events for AF patients with CKD. While several data suggested the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over warfarin as preferred anticoagulant strategy in patients with Stage 3A to Stage 4 CKD (eGFR range of 15-49 mL/min/1.73 m2), less is known about the optimal anticoagulation management in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Furthermore, a pivotal feature to be considered when choosing the anticoagulant drug in CKD patients is represented by nephroprotective capability. Indeed, anticoagulant therapy with warfarin showed detrimental effects on kidney function, whereas DOACs demonstrated a beneficial effect on renal function preservation. Mounting data showed that, when pharmacological treatment cannot be pursued due to contraindication to anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) may represent a valid alternative. This brief review outlines the current knowledge regarding anticoagulation therapy in ESRD/RRT patients, reporting new lines of evidence on the nephroprotective effect of oral anticoagulants and on the use of LAAO as a non-pharmacological alternative to oral anticoagulation.
Raman Slow Light in Fibers and on Chip (2006)

We demonstrate all-optical tunable delays using stimulated Raman scattering in an optical fiber and in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. These results represent a step towards implementing optically tunable dispersion in ultra-high bandwidth telecommunication systems.
Multi-sensor fusion for sport genre classification of user generated mobile videos (2013)

We present a robust multimodal approach for classifying the sport genre in videos recorded by mobile phone users at a sport event. In addition to traditional audio-visual content analysis tools, we propose to analyze auxiliary sensor data (electronic compass data and accelerometer data) captured simultaneously with the video recording. By means of machine learning techniques, we build models of visual appearance, camera motion (from auxiliary sensor data) and audio scene, which are used for classifying the data from each modality. The sport genre is obtained by fusing the information provided by the models. We propose to use the quality of each modality as an indication of its reliability. Extensive experiments were performed on real test data collected at public sport events. We provide comparisons on the use of different modality sets and fusion methods. Finally, we show how the proposed methods achieve robust classification even in the considered unconstrained scenarios.
When the imaging and clinical diagnoses of dementia differ (2010)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Distributed Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Cognitive OFDMA Radios (2007)

Scheduling spectrum access and allocating power and rate resources are tasks affecting critically the performance of wireless cognitive radio (CR) networks. The present contribution develops a primal-dual optimization framework to schedule any-to-any CR communications based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and allocate power so as to maximize the weighted average sum-rate of all users. Fairness is ensured among CR communicators and possible hierarchies are respected by guaranteeing minimum rate requirements for primary users while allowing secondary users to access the spectrum opportunistically. The framework leads to an iterative channel-adaptive distributed algorithm whereby nodes rely only on local information exchanges with their neighbors to attain global optimality. Simulations confirm that the distributed online algorithm does not require knowledge of the underlying fading channel distribution and converges to the optimum almost surely from any initialization.
Inhibition of glucose metabolism selectively targets autoreactive follicular helper T cells (2018)

Follicular helper T (T<sub>FH</sub>) cells are expanded in systemic lupus erythematosus, where they are required to produce high affinity autoantibodies. Eliminating T<sub>FH</sub> cells would, however compromise the production of protective antibodies against viral and bacterial pathogens. Here we show that inhibiting glucose metabolism results in a drastic reduction of the frequency and number of T<sub>FH</sub> cells in lupus-prone mice. However, this inhibition has little effect on the production of T-cell-dependent antibodies following immunization with an exogenous antigen or on the frequency of virus-specific T<sub>FH</sub> cells induced by infection with influenza. In contrast, glutaminolysis inhibition reduces both immunization-induced and autoimmune T<sub>FH</sub> cells and humoral responses. Solute transporter gene signature suggests different glucose and amino acid fluxes between autoimmune T<sub>FH</sub> cells and exogenous antigen-specific T<sub>FH</sub> cells. Thus, blocking glucose metabolism may provide an effective therapeutic approach to treat systemic autoimmunity by eliminating autoreactive T<sub>FH</sub> cells while preserving protective immunity against pathogens.
New Comprehensive Cytogenetic Scoring System for Primary Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Oligoblastic Acute Myeloid Leukemia After MDS Derived From an International Database Merge (2012)

In conclusion, these data should contribute to the ongoing efforts to update the IPSS by refining the cytogenetic risk categories.
Effects of chrome pattern characteristics on image placement due to thermomechanical distortion of optical reticles during exposure (2003)

As optical lithography is extended to the sub-90 nm nodes, more stringent requirements are placed on the mask critical dimension and registration budget. Errors in image placement (IP) due to exposure-induced thermal loading of the optical reticle can be a significant contribution to the overlay error budget. Thermal loading on the mask is primarily caused by the chrome pattern that absorbs a large fraction of exposure light. The effects of the chrome pattern density, local pattern distribution, and chrome reflectivity were studied using three-dimensional finite-element models for both 193 and 157 nm technologies. It was found that the chrome pattern density has a stronger influence on the thermomechanical response than the pattern distribution. Also, it was found that as the chrome reflectivity increases, the reticle maximum temperature rise decreases, thus it follows a linear relationship. In addition, various reticle/chuck mounting designs were investigated to identify what type of configuration is necessary to reduce IP errors. The effects of different exposure tool parameters and resist sensitivities on IP errors were also evaluated.
Ada 9X Project Report, The Fixed-Point Facility in Ada (1990)

Abstract : This report addresses a number of issues involving fixed-point arithmetic in Ada. A number of possible Ada 9X requirements are suggested for consideration. Ada includes a facility for declaration of and arithmetic on fixed-point values. The model is deliberately intended to be as close as possible to the Ada floating-point model, including the notion of model numbers and model intervals. The major difference is that the error is absolute, rather than relative; in other words, the model numbers are spaced evenly in the fixed- point case. This fixed-point facility is intended for a variety of uses: 1) Poor man's floating-point; 2) Increased accuracy; 3) Mapping data from specialized hardware and other external data; 4) A special, but important, case of external world fixed-point data arises in fiscal calculations, where quantities of money are typically decimal scaled fixed-point values (e.g., $56.34).
Diazonaphthoquinone Molecular Glass Photoresists:  Patterning without Chemical Amplification (2007)

Molecular glass photoresists have attracted increasing attention as next-generation replacements for traditional polymeric resists. Most of those reported so far have been based on a contrast generation mechanism known as chemical amplification, but increasing concerns as to the ultimate resolution obtainable by this process prompted us to investigate nonchemically amplified molecular glass resists. In this submission, we describe the synthesis of a p-tert-butyl calix[4]resorcinarene core functionalized with photoactive diazonapthoquinone groups (DNQ-CR). These materials are characterized using conventional wet chemistry techniques, such as NMR, and their amorphous nature was investigated via powder X-ray diffraction. Lithographic characterization using 405 nm radiation resulted in the formation of positive tone images, with both contrast and sensitivity increasing with the degree of functionalization. Exposure to electron-beam radiation resulted in the formation of negative tone images as small as 60 nm, and a probable cross-linking mechanism is discussed.
Operating Massive MIMO in Unlicensed Bands for Enhanced Coexistence and\n Spatial Reuse (2016)

We propose to operate massive multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) cellular\nbase stations (BSs) in unlicensed bands. We denote such system as massive MIMO\nunlicensed (mMIMO-U). We design the key procedures required at a cellular BS to\nguarantee coexistence with nearby Wi-Fi devices operating in the same band. In\nparticular, spatial reuse is enhanced by actively suppressing interference\ntowards neighboring Wi-Fi devices. Wi-Fi interference rejection is also\nperformed during an enhanced listen-before-talk (LBT) phase. These operations\nenable Wi-Fi devices to access the channel as though no cellular BSs were\ntransmitting, and vice versa. Under concurrent Wi-Fi and BS transmissions, the\ndownlink rates attainable by cellular user equipment (UEs) are degraded by the\nWi-Fi-generated interference. To mitigate this effect, we select a suitable set\nof UEs to be served in the unlicensed band accounting for a measure of the\nWi-Fi/UE proximity. Our results show that the so-designed mMIMO-U allows\nsimultaneous cellular and Wi-Fi transmissions by keeping their mutual\ninterference below the regulatory threshold. Compared to a system without\ninterference suppression, Wi-Fi devices enjoy a median interference power\nreduction of between 3 dB with 16 antennas and 18 dB with 128 antennas. With\nmMIMO-U, cellular BSs can also achieve large data rates without significantly\ndegrading the performance of Wi-Fi networks deployed within their coverage\narea.\n
Silicon Micropin-Fin Heat Sink With Integrated TSVs for 3-D ICs: Tradeoff Analysis and Experimental Testing (2013)

Microfluidic cooling is proposed as a solution to reject heat from a 3-D IC stack of high power chips. However, the integration of interlayer microfluidic cooling in 3-D ICs inevitably increases wafer thickness and thus presents possible challenges for through-silicon via (TSV) integration. This paper discusses the thermal and electrical co-design of a microfluidic heat sink compatible with TSV technology. A TSV-compatible micropin-fin heat sink (MPFHS) with a height of 200 μm, a micropin-fin diameter of 150 μm, and a pitch of 225 μm is fabricated. The fabricated MPFHS is experimentally shown to maintain the chip junction temperature at a power density for a flow rate of 70 mL/min. The thermal results are benchmarked with an air-cooled heat sink and a chip junction temperature reduction of is observed. A 3 × 3 array of TSVs, each with a diameter of 10 μm and a height of 178 μm (18:1 aspect ratio), is integrated into each micropin-fin. This results in a TSV density of 17424 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> in the microfluidic heat sinks. Using four-point probing, the measured resistance of TSVs is 36.5±1.5 mΩ.
SDS-PAGE analysis of purified ABCB6 and selectivity and validation of HTS identified compounds by hemin-agarose affinity chromatography using purified ABCB6. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(a) Purified ABCB6 sample was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The figure shows coomassie brilliant blue staining of SDS gel (lane legends are 1, protein marker; 2, purified ABCB6-flag 2 µg protein; 3, purified ABCB6-flag 5 µg protein; 4, protein marker; and 5, bovine serum albumin control). b) verteporfin and (c) tomatine hydrochloride potently disrupt the interaction between purified ABCB6 protein and hemin-agarose compared with (d) succinylacetone. Three hundred nanograms of purified ABCB6-flag protein was incubated in the presence or absence of increasing concentration of the indicated compound and hemin-agarose and the resulting complex was immunoblotted using a monoclonal antibody to the flag-tag. Results are representative of three independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;