gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling electromechanical coupling of liquid metal embedded elastomers while accounting stochasticity in 3D percolation (2021)

Liquid metal embedded elastomers (LMEEs) have attracted interest from researchers on account of their combination of low elastic modulus, high flexibility, and tunable electrical and/or thermal conductivity. One interesting feature of LMEEs is that their electrical resistance remains constant when stretched, which is desirable in many real-world applications. This work aims to investigate this unique electromechanical coupling behavior of LMEEs with three-dimensional deterministic and statistical modeling. We first performed finite element analysis (FEA) of the electromechanical coupling response of a percolated liquid metal droplet repeating in the conductive network. Next, we modeled the internal conductive network of LMEE as a simple cubic structure and introduced stochasticity in representing the droplet–droplet connectivity. This combined approach allows us to calculate relative changes in resistance with stretch that are in reasonable agreement with experimental findings. Our analysis provides new theoretical insights that can guide efforts to tailor the electromechanical coupling behavior of LMEEs.
Synthesis of Novel Spiro[2.3]hexane Carbocyclic Nucleosides via Enzymatic Resolution (2004)

[reaction: see text] Novel R- and S-spiro[2.3]hexane nucleosides have been synthesized. The key step involved the Pseudomonas cepacia lipase catalyzed resolution of racemic compound 2, synthesized in seven steps starting from diethoxyketene and diethyl fumarate, to give (+)-acetate 3 and (-)-alcohol 13. (+)-Acetate 3 and (-)-acetate 14 were converted to R- and S-9-(6-hydroxymethylspiro[2.3]hexane)-4-adenine, respectively.
MUTE (2018)

Several Internet-of-Things (IoT) based use-cases require an increased amount of computation resources with extremely low latency. Cloud-based services may fail to provide such requirement given the high latency required to access their facilities. Therefore, an increasing number of resources are being deployed at the network "edge" as Edge Clouds.
Robust Optimization Approaches for the Design of an Electric Machine (2017)

In this paper two formulations for the robust optimization of the size of the permanent magnet in a synchronous machine are discussed. The optimization is constrained by a partial differential equation to describe the electromagnetic behavior of the machine. The need for a robust optimization procedure originates from the fact that optimization parameters have deviations. The first approach, i.e., \textcolor{red}{worst-case} optimization, makes use of local sensitivities. The second approach takes into account expectation values and standard deviations. The latter are associated with global sensitivities. The geometry parametrization is elegantly handled thanks to the introduction of an affine decomposition. Since the stochastic quantities are determined by tools from uncertainty quantification (UQ) and thus require a lot of finite element evaluations, model order reduction is used in order to increase the efficiency of the procedure. It is shown that both approaches are equivalent if a linearization is carried out. \textcolor{blue}{This finding is supported by the application on an electric machine. The optimization algorithms used are sequential quadratic programming, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm}. While both formulations reduce the size of the magnets, the UQ based optimization approach is less pessimistic with respect to deviations and yields smaller magnets.
Synthesis of High Oxidation State Bimetallic Alkylidene Complexes for Controlled ROMP Synthesis of Triblock Copolymers (2005)

An X-ray study of [(THF)(RF6O)2(ArN)MoCH]2(1,4-C6H4) (ORF6 = OCMe(CF3)2; Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl; THF = tetrahydrofuran; 1b), which is closely related to known [(DME)(RF6O)2(ArN)MoCH]2(1,4-C6H4) (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane; 1a), showed it to be the expected bimetallic species in which each end is approximately a trigonal bipyramidal monoadduct of a syn alkylidene with the THF coordinated to the NOO face of the metal trans to the MoC bond. Treatment of 1a with lithium tert-butoxide yielded [(t-BuO)2(ArN)MoCH]2(1,4-C6H4) (2). Addition of divinylferrocene to Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAr)(ORF6)2 produced the bimetallic species {(RF6O)2(ArN)Mo[CH(C5H4)]}2Fe (3), which upon treatment with lithium tert-butoxide produced a related tert-butoxide complex (4). X-ray studies of 3 and 4 showed them to be “syn/syn” bimetallic species related to 1b. In solution two resonances can be observed in proton NMR spectra in the alkylidene region for the “syn/anti” isomer of 1a, 2, 3, and 4; the total amount varies between 4 and 20% of the total. Bimetallic species 1a, 2, 3, and 4 have been shown to initiate at both ends and to produce homopolymers of 4,5-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD) and methyltetracyclododecene (MTD) in a living fashion. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of ferrocene-containing species have been obtained that are consistent with the polymerization process being living. Triblock copolymers (poly[(MTD)x/2(DCMNBD)y(MTD)x/2]) were prepared by adding y equivalents of DCMNBD to the bimetallic initiators followed (after consumption of DCMNBD) by x equivalents of MTD. These triblocks were shown to be of relatively high purity (free of homopolymer and diblock copolymer) and to have a relatively low PDI (≤1.2).
MP48-02 MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-A AND PROGRAMMED DEATH-LIGAND 1 EXPRESSION IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA (2017)

immunoblotting, Q-PCR assays) and in vivo (s.c. and orthotopic xenograft models).
Sub-0.25-pm 50-W amplified excimer laser system for 193-nm lithography (2004)

We report performance parameters of a robust, 50 W, high repetition rate amplified ArF excimer laser system with FWHM bandwidth of less than 0.25 pm, 95% energy content bandwidth of less than 0.55 pm, and ultra-low ASE level. Proprietary design solutions enable stable operation with a substantial reliability margin at this high power level. We report on characterization of all the key parameters of importance for the next generation microlithography tools, such as spectrum and dose control stability, in various operating modes.
(α-NaYbF 4 :Tm 3+ )/CaF 2 Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Efficient Near-Infrared to Near-Infrared Upconversion for High-Contrast Deep Tissue Bioimaging (2020)

We describe the development of novel and biocompatible core/shell (α-NaYbF4:Tm3+)/CaF2 nanoparticles which exhibit highly efficient NIRin-NIRout upconversion (UC) for high contrast and deep bioimaging. When excited at ~980 nm, these nanoparticles emit photoluminescence (PL) peaked at ~800 nm. The quantum yield of this UC PL under low power density excitation (~0.3 W/cm2) is 0.6±0.1%. This high UC PL efficiency is realized by suppressing surface quenching effects via hetero-epitaxial growth of a biocompatible CaF2 shell which results in a 35-fold increase in the intensity of UC PL from the core. Small animal whole-body UC PL imaging with exceptional contrast (signal-to-background ratio of 310) is shown using BALB/c mice intravenously injected with aqueously dispersed nanoparticles (700 pmol/kg). High-contrast UC PL imaging of deep tissues is also demonstrated, using a nanoparticle-loaded synthetic fibrous mesh wrapped around rat femoral bone, and a cuvette with nanoparticle aqueous dispersion - covered with a 3.2-cm thick animal tissue (pork).
Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate for efficient\n microwave-to-optical transduction (2020)

Linking superconducting quantum devices to optical fibers via\nmicrowave-optical quantum transducers may enable large scale quantum networks.\nFor this application, transducers based on the Pockels electro-optic (EO)\neffect are promising for their direct conversion mechanism, high bandwidth, and\npotential for low-noise operation. However, previously demonstrated EO\ntransducers require large optical pump power to overcome weak EO coupling and\nreach high efficiency. Here, we create an EO transducer in thin-film lithium\nniobate, leveraging the low optical loss and strong EO coupling in this\nplatform. We demonstrate a transduction efficiency of up to $2.7\\times10^{-5}$,\nand a pump-power normalized efficiency of $1.9\\times10^{-6}/\\mathrm{\\mu W}$.\nThe transduction efficiency can be improved by further reducing the microwave\nresonator's piezoelectric coupling to acoustic modes, increasing the optical\nresonator quality factor to previously demonstrated levels, and changing the\nelectrode geometry for enhanced EO coupling. We expect that with further\ndevelopment, EO transducers in thin-film lithium niobate can achieve near-unity\nefficiency with low optical pump power.\n
Optimized High-Throughput Screen for Hepatitis C Virus Translation Inhibitors (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a considerable global health problem for which new classes of therapeutics are needed. The authors developed a high-throughput assay to identify compounds that selectively block translation initiation from the HCV internal ribosome entry site (HCV IRES). Rabbit reticulocyte lysate conditions were optimized to faithfully report on authentic HCV IRES-dependent translation relative to a 5' capped mRNA control. The authors screened a library of ~430,000 small molecules for IRES inhibition, leading to ~1700 initial hits. After secondary counterscreening, the vast majority of hits proved to be luciferase and general translation inhibitors. Despite well-optimized in vitro translation conditions, in the end, the authors found no selective HCV IRES inhibitors but did discover a new scaffold of general translation inhibitor. The analysis of these molecules, as well we the finding that a large fraction of false positives resulted from off-target effects, highlights the challenges inherent in screens for RNA-specific inhibitors.
Reducing computational complexity of branch metric calculations in a trellis decoder (2008)

Trellis decoding is widely used, in this present day of communication and data storage, in a wide variety of applications such as decoding convolution codes, baseband detection for wireless systems and also to detect recorded data. This is achieved by implementing the Viterbi algorithm. This paper presents various methodologies of reducing the computational complexity of the branch metric unit in a trellis decoder. Further, a new methodology identified by us, which can be used to simplify the computations further, has been discussed. The adoption of this method, has been verified in a 0.13μ standard CMOS process, which shows 60% reduction in area as compared to the designs incorporating the existing methodologies.
Audio System Fabricated With Flexible Hybrid Electronics (2020)

A printed flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) technology platform is described, which combines a thin-film audio speaker, printed interconnects, and printed passive components in a highly flexible system. Bimorph piezoelectric polymer speaker structures were developed and shown to give increased loudness compared with a single layer speaker, with good fidelity and easily recognizable sound. Speakers were fabricated on flexible thin polyimide substrates, which enables integration with printed electronics and other thin-film devices. Two demonstrator circuits were designed to operate the speakers and were fabricated using printed FHE techniques. One circuit was an amplifier for a portable music player, and the second provides a record and playback function using an audio integrated circuit. The fabrication of these devices included ink-jet printed interconnects and ink-jet printed resistors, which showed a good long-term stability and flexibility.
Ruokajärjestelmän kestävyysmuutos: Elinvoimaa agroekologisista symbiooseista (2021)

Yhä keskittyvämmän ja globalisoituvan maatalousteollisen ruokajärjestelmän kestävyysongelmat ovat käyneet ilmeisiksi. Ne ulottuvat sekä ekologiseen perustaan että talouteen ja sosiokulttuurisiin kysymyksiin. Tutkimus on analysoinut ja kuvannut nämä ongelmat varsin tarkoin, ja vaatimus järjestelmän kestävyysmuutoksesta on vallitseva. Tutkimus on tuottanut erilaisia osajärjestelmiä koskevia parannusehdotuksia, mutta ei vaihtoehtoista malleja kestäväksi järjestelmäksi. Esittelemme tässä katsauksessa agroekologisten symbioosien (AES) ruoantuotantomalliin perustuvan ehdotuksen sellaiseksi järjestelmäksi. AES:it ovat teollisen ekologian teorian mukaisia maatalouden alkutuotannon, elintarvikejalostuksen ja bioenergiantuotannon yritysyhteenliittymiä. Ne edustavat ekosysteemiyhteyteensä paikallistettua tuotannon mallia, joka on kestävän kiertobiotalouden ehtojen mukainen. Kuvailemme, miten verkostoina (NAES) toimiessaan nämä symbioosit yhdessä asiakkaidensa kanssa muodostavat kestävän, fossiilitaloudesta irrotetun, ilmastotehokkaan ja ravinteet kierrättävän ruokajärjestelmän. Esitämme, että NAES malli toteutuessaan tekisi kuluttajasta ruokakansalaisen, palauttaisi hänet ekosysteemiyhteyteen ja paikkaan. NAES muuntaisi maaseudut elinvoiman lähteiksi ja kestävän yhteiskuntarakenteen perustaksi.
Development and Mechanism of Small Activating RNA Targeting CEBPA, a Novel Therapeutic in Clinical Trials for Liver Cancer (2017)

Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are short double-stranded oligonucleotides that selectively increase gene transcription. Here, we describe the development of an saRNA that upregulates the transcription factor CCATT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA), investigate its mode of action, and describe its development into a clinical candidate. A bioinformatically directed nucleotide walk around the CEBPA gene identified an saRNA sequence that upregulates CEBPA mRNA 2.5-fold in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A nuclear run-on assay confirmed that this upregulation is a transcriptionally driven process. Mechanistic experiments demonstrate that Argonaute-2 (Ago2) is required for saRNA activity, with the guide strand of the saRNA shown to be associated with Ago2 and localized at the CEBPA genomic locus using RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The data support a sequence-specific on-target saRNA activity that leads to enhanced CEBPA mRNA transcription. Chemical modifications were introduced in the saRNA duplex to prevent activation of the innate immunity. This modified saRNA retains activation of CEBPA mRNA and downstream targets and inhibits growth of liver cancer cell lines in vitro. This novel drug has been encapsulated in a liposomal formulation for liver delivery, is currently in a phase I clinical trial for patients with liver cancer, and represents the first human study of an saRNA therapeutic.
High-Efficient Pixel Layout Arrangement in High-Speed 2-D Photodetector Array (2022)

We report a highly efficient small photodetector pixel layout arrangement in a high speed 2-D photodetector array that is applied to a local lightwaveless advanced coherent receiver in space division multiplexing (SDM) fiber communications.
Population genomics reveals evolution and variation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the human and insects gut (2018)

The quest to discover the variety of ecological niches inhabited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae has led to research in areas as diverse as wineries, oak trees and insect guts. The discovery of fungal communities in the human gastrointestinal tract suggested the host's gut as a potential reservoir for yeast adaptation. Here, we report the existence of yeast populations associated with the human gut (HG) that differ from those isolated from other human body sites. Phylogenetic analysis on 12 microsatellite loci and 1715 combined CDSs from whole-genome sequencing revealed three subclusters of HG strains with further evidence of clonal colonization within the host's gut. The presence of such subclusters was supported by other genomic features, such as copy number variation, absence/introgressions of CDSs and relative polymorphism frequency. Functional analysis of CDSs specific of the different subclusters suggested possible alterations in cell wall composition and sporulation features. The phenotypic analysis combined with immunological profiling of these strains further showed that sporulation was related with strain-specific genomic characteristics in the immune recognition pattern. We conclude that both genetic and environmental factors involved in cell wall remodelling and sporulation are the main drivers of adaptation in S. cerevisiae populations in the human gut.
Variations in the mechanical properties of Alouatta palliata molar enamel (2009)

Teeth have provided insights into many topics including primate diet, paleobiology, and evolution, due to the fact that they are largely composed of inorganic materials and may remain intact long after an animal is deceased. Previous studies have reported that the mechanical properties, chemistry, and microstructure of human enamel vary with location. This study uses nanoindentation to map out the mechanical properties of Alouatta palliata molar enamel on an axial cross-section of an unworn permanent third molar, a worn permanent first molar, and a worn deciduous first molar. Variations were then correlated with changes in microstructure and chemistry using scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe techniques. The hardness and Young's modulus varied with location throughout the cross-sections from the occlusal surface to the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ), from the buccal to lingual sides, and also from one tooth to another. These changes in mechanical properties correlated with changes in the organic content of the tooth, which was shown to increase from approximately 6% near the occlusal surface to approximately 20% just before the DEJ. Compared to human enamel, the Alouatta enamel showed similar microstructures, chemical constituents, and magnitudes of mechanical properties, but showed less variation in hardness and Young's modulus, despite the very different diet of this species.
The Dkk3 gene encodes a vital intracellular regulator of cell proliferation (2017)

Members of the Dickkopf (Dkk) family of Wnt antagonists interrupt Wnt-induced receptor assembly and participate in axial patterning and cell fate determination. One family member, DKK3, does not block Wnt receptor activation. Loss of Dkk3 expression in cancer is associated with hyperproliferation and dysregulated ß-catenin signaling, and ectopic expression of Dkk3 halts cancer growth. The molecular events mediating the DKK3-dependent arrest of ß-catenin-driven cell proliferation in cancer cells are unknown. Here we report the identification of a new intracellular gene product originating from the Dkk3 locus. This Dkk3b transcript originates from a second transcriptional start site located in intron 2 of the Dkk3 gene. It is essential for early mouse development and is a newly recognized regulator of ß-catenin signaling and cell proliferation. Dkk3b interrupts nuclear translocation ß-catenin by capturing cytoplasmic, unphosphorylated ß-catenin in an extra-nuclear complex with ß-TrCP. These data reveal a new regulator of one of the most studied signal transduction pathways in metazoans and provides a novel, completely untapped therapeutic target for silencing the aberrant ß-catenin signaling that drives hyperproliferation in many cancers.
Extrasphincteric Perianal Fistulae After Sacrospinous Fixation for Apical Prolapse (2011)

Perianal fistulotomy or fistulectomy offers the most successful approach to identifying the inciting sutures.
Human MiR-544a Modulates SELK Expression in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multi-factorial cancer with a very poor prognosis; therefore, there are several investigations aimed at the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to development and progression of HCC and at the definition of new therapeutic strategies. We have recently evaluated the expression of selenoproteins in HCC cell lines in comparison with normal hepatocytes. Recent results have shown that some of them are down- and others up-regulated, including the selenoprotein K (SELK), whose expression was also induced by sodium selenite treatment on cells. However, so far very few studies have been dedicated to a possible effect of microRNAs on the expression of selenoproteins and their implication in HCC. In this study, the analysis of SELK 3'UTR by bioinformatics tools led to the identification of eight sites potentially targeted by human microRNAs. They were then subjected to a validation test based on luciferase reporter constructs transfected in HCC cell lines. In this functional screening, miR-544a was able to interact with SELK 3'UTR suppressing the reporter activity. Transfection of a miR-544a mimic or inhibitor was then shown to decrease or increase, respectively, the translation of the endogenous SELK mRNA. Intriguingly, miR-544a expression was found to be modulated by selenium treatment, suggesting a possible role in SELK induction by selenium.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐V Full Cell Performance of Anode Framework TiNb2O7/Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. (2011)

Abstract A carbon‐coated TiNb 2 O 7 anode and a LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode are assembled into 3‐V full cell.
Field Evaluation of the Impact of Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)–ProtectedBtCorn on Foliage-Dwelling Arthropods (2005)

A 3-yr field study was conducted in Monmouth, IL, to evaluate the effect of transgenic Bt corn expressing a Cry3Bb1 protein (MON 863) on foliage-dwelling arthropods. The study employed a split-plot design with MON 863 corn and a conventional non-Bt near isoline (RX670) as the main plots and insecticide regimens (no insecticide, imidacloprid applied as seed treatment, tefluthrin applied as soil treatment, and permethrin applied as foliar treatment) as subplots. Foliage-dwelling arthropods were sampled with sticky traps during each of the 3 yr (2000–2002). The most abundant taxa collected included corn pests, such as Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and Chaetocnema pulicaria Melsheimer (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), and Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Homoptera:Aphididae). The most abundant generalist predators captured by sticky traps were Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles), Nabidae (damsel bugs), Orius insidiosus Say (minute pirate bugs), Syrphidae (flower flies), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (green lacewings), Macrocentrus cingulum Rienhardt (a braconid parasitoid), and Araneae (spiders). MON 863 corn had no consistent adverse impact on the relative abundance of any nontarget foliage-dwelling arthropod taxon, including predators and parasitoids. However, insecticide applications of foliar insecticide (permethrin) significantly and consistently decreased the abundance of ladybird beetles, green lacewings, and damsel bugs compared with the insecticidal seed treatment or no insecticide application. The abundance of the pest R. maidis also was observed to increase in the foliar-applied insecticide treatment. Therefore, adoption of MON 863 and the concurrent reduction in broad-spectrum foliar-applied insecticide use for control of adult Diabrotica spp. have the potential to enhance biological control within corn agro-ecosystems.