gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin-Film Transistor Using Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2013)

A single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistor (SWNT TFT) was formed using aligned SWNT channels assembled by the dielectrophoretic (DEP) process. The density of assembled SWNTs was controlled by the DEP factors (concentration of SWNT solution and applied AC voltage). The on/off current ratio of the SWNT TFT was improved by decreasing the SWNT density in a channel, and it achieved 3.4×105. DEP assembly is an effective method to achieve well-aligned and density-controlled SWNT channels for TFT applications.
Intelligent Motor Control Centers: Defining the Benefits to Petroleum and Chemical Industries (2019)

As technology continues to drive innovations, petroleum and chemical enterprises must continue to keep pace to remain competitive in an ever-changing marketplace. The technology trend is to replace systems of yesterday with higher-performance, low-cost, and optionrich networked ones that provide a shorter return on investment and offer more flexibility. With the evolution of control system technology, systems migrate toward functions that are increasingly distributed to smarter, more granular control system components capable of performing localized operations. Most of these functions were once the responsibility of a central or master controller. Systems that integrate intelligent devices, device-level networks, and reporting software into mediumvoltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) motor control centers (MCCs) are a prime example of where this trend is increasingly implemented. Technology can deliver improved diagnostics, early warnings used to increase system reliability, design flexibility, simplified and reduced wiring, and additional levels of protection for personnel safety in all process industries via the utilization of intelligent networks. This article focuses on the next steps of technology integration, intelligent devices, and device-level information collection over a single network that provides the convergence of control and information to optimize plant- and enterprise-wide processes and energy management.
On the Expressive Power of Declarative Constructs in Interactive Document Scripts (2019)

It is difficult to generally compare the succinctness of declarative versus imperative programming as source code size varies. In imperative programs, basic operations have constant cost, but they tend to be more verbose than declarative programs, which increases the potential for defects. This paper presents a novel approach for a generalized comparison by transforming the problem into comparing executed code size of a benchmark imperative algorithm with a partially declarative variant of the same algorithm. This allows input size variation to substitute for source code size variation. For implementation, we use a multiparadigm language called XForms that contains both declarative XPath expressions and imperative script actions for interacting with XML data within web and office documents. A novel partially declarative variant of the quicksort is presented. Amortized analysis shows that only O(n) imperative actions are executed, so the expressive power of the declarative constructs is at least Ω(log n). In general, declarative constructs can have an order of magnitude expressive power advantage compared with only using basic imperative operations. The performance cost factor of the expressive power advantage was determined to be O(log2 n) based on a novel dynamic projection from the generalized tree structure of XML data to a height balanced binary tree.
CONSTRAINING SPINNING DUST PARAMETERS WITH THEWMAPFIVE-YEAR DATA (2009)

We characterize spinning dust emission in the warm ionized medium (WIM) by comparing templates of Galactic dust and Hα with the five-year maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). The Hα-correlated microwave emission deviates from the thermal bremsstrahlung (free-free) spectrum expected for ionized gas, exhibiting an additional broad bump peaked at ~40 GHz which provides ~20% of the peak intensity. We confirm that the bump is consistent with a modified Draine and Lazarian spinning dust model, though the peak frequency of the emission is somewhat lower than the 50 GHz previously claimed. This frequency shift results from systematic errors in the large-scale modes of the three-year WMAP data which have been corrected in the five-year data release. We show that the bump is not the result of errors in the Hα template by analyzing regions of high free-free intensity, where the WMAP K-band map may be used as the free-free template. We rule out a pure free-free spectrum for the Hα-correlated emission at high confidence: ~27σ for the nearly full-sky fit, even after marginalizing over the cosmic microwave background cross-correlation bias. We also extend the previous analysis by searching the parameter space of the Draine and Lazarian model but letting the amplitude float. The best fit for reasonable values of the characteristic electric dipole moment and density requires an amplitude factor of ~0.3. This suggests that small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the WIM are depleted by a factor of ~3.
3D optical sectioning with a new hyperspectral confocal fluorescence imaging system. (2007)

A novel hyperspectral fluorescence microscope for high-resolution 3D optical sectioning of cells and other structures has been designed, constructed, and used to investigate a number of different problems. We have significantly extended new multivariate curve resolution (MCR) data analysis methods to deconvolve the hyperspectral image data and to rapidly extract quantitative 3D concentration distribution maps of all emitting species. The imaging system has many advantages over current confocal imaging systems including simultaneous monitoring of numerous highly overlapped fluorophores, immunity to autofluorescence or impurity fluorescence, enhanced sensitivity, and dramatically improved accuracy, reliability, and dynamic range. Efficient data compression in the spectral dimension has allowed personal computers to perform quantitative analysis of hyperspectral images of large size without loss of image quality. We have also developed and tested software to perform analysis of time resolved hyperspectral images using trilinear multivariate analysis methods. The new imaging system is an enabling technology for numerous applications including (1) 3D composition mapping analysis of multicomponent processes occurring during host-pathogen interactions, (2) monitoring microfluidic processes, (3) imaging of molecular motors and (4) understanding photosynthetic processes in wild type and mutant Synechocystis cyanobacteria.
Acid-Degradable Cationic Dextran Particles for the Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics (2011)

We report a new acid-sensitive, biocompatible, and biodegradable microparticulate delivery system, spermine modified acetalated-dextran (Spermine-Ac-DEX), which can be used to efficiently encapsulate siRNA. These particles demonstrated efficient gene knockdown in HeLa-luc cells with minimal toxicity. This knockdown was comparable to that obtained using Lipofectamine, a commercially available transfection reagent generally limited to in vitro use due to its high toxicity.
Equipment control in a sterile environment using the Gyromouse and a new interface, the user interface (UI) wand (2007)

Providing the surgeon/interventionist with controlling devices that avoid the need for interference of an assistant could enable more direct control and reduce errors due to miscommunication or misinterpretation. Therefore the need for an input device controlling equipment from the sterile environment is high. We evaluated the usability of two hand-held interfaces; an acceleration-sensitive Gyromouse and the User Interface Wand (UI Wand), a new prototype pointing device. The evaluation consisted of a quantitative evaluation in a laboratory setting and a qualitative evaluation using a simulated clinical setting. A quantitative tapping task was performed on a computer screen using target objects of different sizes and positioned at different distances, resulting in a set of indices of difficulties (ID's) based on Fitts' Law. The qualitative task was performed in the simulated clinical setting where images and patient data were viewed and manipulated, and a printer and two loudspeakers controlled. In the quantitative evaluation, the Gyromouse showed to be 25+/-3% (mean+/-SD, n = 11, p<0.05) faster during the tapping task than the UI Wand for ID's>2.5 bits and equally fast for ID's <2.5 bits. In the qualitative evaluation 10 of 11 subjects preferred the UI Wand over the Gyromouse and the UI Wand was considered to enable the quickest control. Both input devices are able to control equipment from the sterile environment. With the Gyromouse, the cursor often has to be searched for after activating, because the cursor remains where it is left and shifts because of drift. Despite being slower and the need for large targets, the UI Wand is preferred due to the absolute pointing characteristic; the cursor is where you are pointing at and, therefore, it is always clear where the cursor is.
Security-enhanced quality of service (SQoS) design and architecture (2006)

Security and QoS issues have traditionally been considered separately with different objectives and implementation architectures. No protocol has been designed and implemented so far to parameterize security as QoS parameters. However, it has been noted recently that security and QoS are highly intertwined; security mechanisms may severely affect QoS mechanisms in terms of network performance and data confidentiality, and vice versa. In addition, users are not given a choice on which security services and mechanisms as well as which security level should be applied to the user traffic. We propose a network security framework, referred to as security-enhanced quality of service (SQoS), with two major objectives. One objective is to offer users elastic choices on the treatment of messages with appropriate security mechanisms with respect to their own QoS and budget requirements. Another objective is to facilitate interaction between security and QoS mechanisms in the most efficient manner by providing information to each other and performing tasks requested by each other
Evaluation of Influence to Electromagnetic Environment on Outside of Building by PLC System using Three-wire Three-phase Power Line (2020)

In this paper, the influence to electromagnetic environment was evaluated on the outside of buildings where power line communication (PLC) systems were installed to a three-wire three-phase power distribution line. The electric field strength was measured at 140 points in five factories, in two office buildings, and in one stadium. Since many radio waves existed in the environment, the electric field strength when PLC system was operated and was not operated was measured. The influence was evaluated by the cumulated occurrence probability because the frequency characteristics of the electric filed strength changed by the measurement points. The results showed that the occurrence probability was not changed when the PLC system was operated and was not operated. The electric field strength was calculated by the common mode current obtained from the test result, and this indicated that the occurrence probability was lower than the measured occurrence probability of electric field strength.
Open Latarjet: tried, tested and true (2017)

Abstract: The open Latarjet procedure has proven to be an effective procedure in the treatment of anterior shoulder instability, particularly in patients with glenoid bone loss and/or an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. The transfer of the coracoid bone block to the anterior glenoid provides stability via the “triple blocking effect”. We describe our indications and surgical technique for the open Latarjet procedure.
Neuronal basis of perceptual learning in striate cortex (2016)

It is well known that, in humans, contrast sensitivity training at high spatial frequency (SF) not only leads to contrast sensitivity improvement, but also results in an improvement in visual acuity as assessed with gratings (direct effect) or letters (transfer effect). However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this high spatial frequency training improvement remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined four properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (area 17) of adult cats that exhibited significantly improved acuity after contrast sensitivity training with a high spatial frequency grating and those of untrained control cats. We found no difference in neuronal contrast sensitivity or tuning width (Width) between the trained and untrained cats. However, the trained cats showed a displacement of the cells' optimal spatial frequency (OSF) to higher spatial frequencies as well as a larger neuronal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, both the neuronal differences in OSF and SNR were significantly correlated with the improvement of acuity measured behaviorally. These results suggest that striate neurons might mediate the perceptual learning-induced improvement for high spatial frequency stimuli by an alteration in their spatial frequency representation and by an increased SNR.
Assessment of Magnetization Transfer Effects in Myocardial Tissue Using Balanced Steady State Free Precession (2007)

The balanced steady state free precession sequence is used to generate magnetization transfer (MT)-weighted images of the human myocardium. Effects of RF power deposition are investigated and cine MT maps are calculated.
Fast, accurate, point-of-care COVID-19 pandemic diagnosis enabled through advanced lab-on-chip optical biosensors: Opportunities and challenges (2021)

The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
A pocket implant model for sub-0.18 micron CMOS process flows (2002)

In this paper we present a method of arriving at dopant distributions required for accurate performance estimation of 0.18 micron CMOS flows with pocket implants. Dopant profiles are calculated using a combination of physical and phenomenological models and measured device performance data. The method is demonstrated for NMOS and PMOS devices with varying pocket implant doses, energies and angles, and scaled supply voltages.
Proautoimmune Allele of Tyrosine Phosphatase, PTPN22, Enhances Tumor Immunity (2021)

The 1858C>T allele of the tyrosine phosphatase <i>PTPN22</i> (causing amino acid substitution R620W in encoded protein lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase) is present in 5-10% of the North American population and is strongly associated with numerous autoimmune diseases. Although much research has been done to define how this allele potentiates autoimmunity, the influence <i>PTPN22</i> and its proautoimmune allele have in tumor immunity is poorly defined. To interrogate the role this allele may have in the antitumor immune response, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice in which the ortholog of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase, PEST domain-enriched protein (PEP), is mutated at position 619 to produce the relevant proautoimmune mutation (R619W). Results of this study show that mice homozygous for this alteration (PEP-619WW) resist tumor growth as compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with these results, tumors from PEP-619WW mice have more CD45 infiltrates containing more activated CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells. In addition, there are more conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) cells and fewer myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors from PEP-619WW mice. Interestingly, the tumor-infiltrating PEP-619WW cDC1 cells have decreased PD-L1 expression compared with cDC1 cells from PEP-wild-type mice. Taken together, our data show that the proautoimmune allele of <i>Ptpn22</i> drives a strong antitumor response in innate and adaptive immune cells resulting in superior control of tumors.
Development of in-process RTM sensors for thick composite sections (1998)

Significant and very encouraging results have been obtained on the development and evaluation of sensors for both in-situ pressure measurement and resin progression for thick component resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. Both the pressure and resin progression sensors developed have potential for use beyond its initial target application, experimental validation of 3D flow models using an advantageous resin simulant (Karo/sup TM/ syrup). For pressure measurements, a low-cost, commercially-available pressure sensor has been identified, modified and successfully tested while immersed in the resin simulant. However, no commercially-available alternative for resin progression monitoring was located that would meet desired continual flow resolution requirements. To meet this challenge, an innovative concept for a capacitive sensor has successfully progressed through feasibility studies and well into prototype design, demonstration and sensitivity evaluation.
Deep Value Networks Learn to Evaluate and Iteratively Refine Structured Outputs (2017)

We approach structured output prediction by optimizing a deep value network (DVN) to precisely estimate the task loss on different output configurations for a given input. Once the model is trained, we perform inference by gradient descent on the continuous relaxations of the output variables to find outputs with promising scores from the value network. When applied to image segmentation, the value network takes an image and a segmentation mask as inputs and predicts a scalar estimating the intersection over union between the input and ground truth masks. For multi-label classification, the DVN's objective is to correctly predict the F1 score for any potential label configuration. The DVN framework achieves the state-of-the-art results on multi-label prediction and image segmentation benchmarks.
Guest Editorial Control and Grid Integration of MW-Range Wind and Solar Energy Conversion Systems (2017)

The papers in this special section focus on control and power grid integration of MW-range wind and solar energy conversion systems. Globally, the energy provided by intermittent sources has been steadily increasing. For instance, the electrical energy now supplied worldwide by wind turbines has increased by a factor of more than three with respect to the 2008 figure. Solar-based energy generation has increased by more than ten times over the same period. In total, worldwide electrical energy consumption increased by approximately 6340 TWh from 2003 to 2013. Of that increase, about 11% was covered by a combination of wind power (564.8 TWh) and solar power (122.8 TWh). To meet the challenges created by intermittent energy generation sources, grid operators have increasingly demanded more stringent technical requirements for the connection and operation of grid-connected intermittent energy systems, for instance concerning fault ride through capability, voltage and frequency support, inertia emulation, etc. These considerations, combined with an ever-increasing push for lower cost, higher efficiency and higher reliability, are leading to a steady technological evolution in the areas related to intermittent energy conversion systems. Ongoing developments include new or improved high-voltage converters, power converters with higher power density, control systems to provide ride-through capability, implementation of redundancy schemes to provide more reliable generation systems, and the use of high-voltage direct current (HVdc) links for the connection of large off-shore intermittent energy systems. In all of these technological advances, industrial electronics is undeniably a key core contributor.
Investigation of germanium quantum-well light sources (2015)

In this paper, we report a broad investigation of the optical properties of germanium (Ge) quantum-well devices. Our simulations show a significant increase of carrier density in the Ge quantum wells. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show the enhanced direct-bandgap radiative recombination rates due to the carrier density increase in the Ge quantum wells. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements show the temperature-dependent properties of our Ge quantum-well devices, which are in good agreement with our theoretical models. We also demonstrate the PL measurements of Ge quantum-well microdisks using tapered-fiber collection method and quantify the optical loss of the Ge quantum-well structure from the measured PL spectra for the first time.
In vivo single-molecule imaging of syntaxin1A reveals polyphosphoinositide- and activity-dependent trapping in presynaptic nanoclusters (2016)

Syntaxin1A is organized in nanoclusters that are critical for the docking and priming of secretory vesicles from neurosecretory cells. Whether and how these nanoclusters are affected by neurotransmitter release in nerve terminals from a living organism is unknown. Here we imaged photoconvertible syntaxin1A-mEos2 in the motor nerve terminal of Drosophila larvae by single-particle tracking photoactivation localization microscopy. Opto- and thermo-genetic neuronal stimulation increased syntaxin1A-mEos2 mobility, and reduced the size and molecular density of nanoclusters, suggesting an activity-dependent release of syntaxin1A from the confinement of nanoclusters. Syntaxin1A mobility was increased by mutating its polyphosphoinositide-binding site or preventing SNARE complex assembly via co-expression of tetanus toxin light chain. In contrast, syntaxin1A mobility was reduced by preventing SNARE complex disassembly. Our data demonstrate that polyphosphoinositide favours syntaxin1A trapping, and show that SNARE complex disassembly leads to syntaxin1A dissociation from nanoclusters. Lateral diffusion and trapping of syntaxin1A in nanoclusters therefore dynamically regulate neurotransmitter release.