gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swift heavy ions-induced degradation on the electrical characteristics of silicon NPN power transistors (2019)

The pre- and post-irradiation effects on the DC electrical characteristics of 100 MeV Phosphorous (P7+) and 80 MeV Nitrogen (N6+) ion-irradiated NPN transistors were studied in the dose range from 600 krad (Si) to 100 Mrad (Si). The different electrical characteristics, such as Gummel characteristics, excess base current (ΔIB = IB-Post – IB-Pre), current gain (hFE), damage constant (K) and output characteristics, were measured in situ after ion irradiation. The considerable increase in the base current (IB) at lower VBE and slight decrease in the collector current (IC) at higher VBE were observed after ion irradiation. The C–V measurements revealed that the doping concentration (Nd) was found decreased, while the built-in potential (Vbi) increased after irradiation. The ion-irradiated results are compared with 60Co gamma-irradiated results in the same dose range. The SRIM simulation was performed to understand the range of ions and energy loss in the transistor structure. The SRIM simulation showed that 100 MeV P7+ and 80 MeV N6+ ions can easily pass through the active region of transistors by creating ionization and displacement damages in the device structure. The irradiation results showed that ions induce more degradation in the electrical characteristics when compared to 60Co gamma radiation at the same dose range.
Contemporary Management of Renal Tumors With Venous Tumor Thrombus (2010)

Management of a kidney cancer tumor invading the venous system should now consider the primary biology and natural behavior of a given tumor in that specific patient rather than only focusing on the level and extent of venous invasion. Treatment must be individualized for every patient based on performance status, tumor biology and risk of surgery.
Evaluation of Mut+ and MutS Pichia pastoris Phenotypes for High Level Extracellular scFv Expression under Feedback Control of the Methanol Concentration (2006)

Extracellular secretion of over 4 g x L(-1) of the A33 scFv antibody fragment was achieved in Pichia pastoris at the 10 L bioreactor scale using minimal medium and feedback control of the methanol concentration. Since methanol acts as both inducer and carbon source, its close regulation is a crucial factor in achieving optimal fermentation conditions. The antibody fragment production levels of both Mut+ and MutS phenotypes were compared in a bioreactor under closed-loop PID control of the methanol level. As expected, the MutS phenotype has a growth rate lower than that of the Mut+ (0.37 vs 1.05 d(-1)) when growing under methanol. However, protein productivity and cell yield on substrate are almost double that of the Mut+ (18.2 vs 9.3 mg A33 sc per gram of methanol). Induction at wet cell weight of 350 g x L(-1) for the MutS also has a positive effect on the final product concentration. Both Mut+ and MutS phenotypes reach a maximum biomass density around 450 g x L(-1) wet cell weight, independent of methanol concentration, reactor scale, or induction density. This reactor configuration allows for reproducible fermentation schemes with different Pichia pastoris phenotypes with AOX promoters, without prior knowledge of the culture growth parameters.
All-PM coherent 2.05 µm Thulium/Holmium fiber frequency comb source with broadband and narrowband pulses at 100 MHz and up to 0.5 W average power (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Hoogland, A. Thai, M. Engelbrecht, J. Biegert, and R. Holzwarth, "All-PM coherent 2.05 µm Thulium/Holmium fiber frequency comb source with broadband and narrowband pulses at 100 MHz and up to 0.5 W average power," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers Congress, G. Huber and P. Moulton, eds., OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2013), paper JTh2A.50. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Threshold temperature dependence of lateral-cavity quantum-dot lasers (1998)

The threshold temperature dependence for quantum-dot (QD) lasers with different degrees of inhomogeneous broadening are compared. By reducing the inhomogeneous linewidth, the "negative" temperature dependence due to thermal coupling of the QD ensemble can be nearly eliminated, Stable ground state lasing is obtained with a single-layer QD density of -5/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2/ for a long cavity laser, while lower gain QDs and shorter cavity lengths lase on well-resolved higher energy levels.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Modulates Cellular Expression of UNG2 via a Negative Transcriptional Effect (2009)

It was recently reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr induced the proteasomal degradation of the nuclear UNG2 enzyme for efficient virus replication. We confirm here that HIV-1 infection and Vpr expression reduce the level of endogenous UNG2, but this effect is not reverted by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, this reduction is not mediated by Vpr binding to UNG2 and is independent of the Vpr-induced G(2) arrest. Finally, we show that Vpr influences the UNG2 promoter without affecting UNG1 gene expression. These data indicate that the Vpr-induced decrease of UNG2 level is mainly related to a transcriptional effect.
Estimating Dipping Angle with Cross‐Borehole Radar: No Tomography Required (2005)

The effects of a single dipping layer on ray path inversion for zero‐offset and fixed‐offset cross‐borehole radar is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical investigation includes deriving the forward solution to the first arrival travel time profile as the borehole antennae are lowered across the dipping layer. The first arrival travel time profile will consist of direct, critically refracted, or cross‐dip refracted arrivals. The slope of the travel time profile with depth can be used to distinguish cross‐dip from critically refracted arrivals. The inversion model is used to calculate the dip angle and depth using the zero‐offset and one fixed‐offset travel time profile. For this geometry, full tomography is unnecessary. The experimental investigation includes measuring zero‐offset and a fixed‐offset first arrival time profile across a dip, which has been previously characterized by borehole logging of the electrical conductivity and neutron count. The inversion of the two borehole radar travel time profiles provides consistent information with the borehole logging in regards to a dipping clay layer located approximately 9 m below ground surface.
Radiated Energy from the 16 October 1999 Hector Mine Earthquake: Regional and Teleseismic Estimates (2002)

The amount of seismic energy radiated from an earthquake is a key macroscopic parameter for understanding the physics of earthquakes. To resolve the important details of the earthquake process, we require more accurate estimates of energy than are currently available. In this study, we determine the energy radiated from the M_(w) 7.1 16 October 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake using regional data from 67 TriNet stations. Earlier estimates of radiated energy from regional data used empirical path and station attenuation corrections. Here, we remove the path and station attenuation effects by using an empirical Green's function deconvolution. We use one foreshock and four aftershocks as empirical Green's functions and determine the source spectra. The radiated energy at each of the regional stations is computed from these source spectra. The energy estimates from the regional data are tightly clustered, with a mean estimate of 3.0 × 10^(15) J and a standard deviation of 0.9 × 1015 J. To calibrate the teleseismic methods currently used, we compare the energy estimates obtained above with the energy computed using two different teleseismic methods. The first method is based on the conventional National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) method, in which the energy flux at each station is computed by squaring and integrating the corrected velocity spectrum. In the second method, we compute Green's functions for the appropriate source structure and deconvolve these from the mainshock data to obtain the source spectrum at each station. The energy is then calculated from the source spectra. The teleseismic energy estimates have a mean of 1.8 × 10^(15) J and 2.0 × 10^(15) J for the two methods, respectively. The average estimate of radiated energy from teleseismic data is nearly the same as that obtained from the regional data (3 × 10^(15) J). From the mean radiated energy (3 × 10^(15) J) and moment (6 × 10^(19) N m) estimates, the energy-to-moment ratio for the Hector Mine earthquake is 5 × 10^(–5).
New Plastic Scintillators for Gamma Spectroscopy, Neutron Detection and Imaging (2017)

We are working on scale up of several new plastic scintillator compositions. One composition uses Iridium complex fluors to obtain up to 3x higher light yields and high α/β ratios, for improved particle (alpha, neutron, fission product) detection and imaging. Other compositions include high loading of Bismuth for gamma spectroscopy and with Lithium for neutron detection. Plastics containing 21 wt% elemental Bismuth and an Ir fluor provide strong photopeaks and R(662 keV) ~9%. When activated with standard organic fluors, 10 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> plastic scintillators containing 8 wt% Bismuth provide a strong photopeak with R(662 keV)~19%. A 5 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> plastic formulation including 1 wt% Lithium-6 provides a neutron capture peak at 350 keVee, with 11% resolution for the capture peak.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of a Macrocyclic Fulleropyrrolidine. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Preparation and characterization of antisera specific to various polypeptide domains corresponding to the v-ets oncogene of the avian leukemia virus E26]. (1986)

We prepared antisera to three distinct portions of the v-ets oncogene of the avian leukemia virus E26. An antiserum directed against the middle v-ets-encoded domain identifies in different chicken cell lines and normal tissues a c-ets-encoded protein of Mr 54,000 (P54c-ets) and three proteins of Mr 60,000 62,000 and 64,000 partially related to P54c-ets. Antisera directed against the aminoterminal v-ets-encoded domain failed to precipitate P54c-ets or P60/P64. Thus, the E26 specific v-ets oncogene displays a complex structure that includes several distinct portions, the genetic origin of which could be different.
Mechanical control of innate immune responses against viral infection revealed in a human Lung Alveolus Chip (2021)

ABSTRACT Mechanical forces associated with breathing play a fundamental role in lung development and disease but the molecular pathways remain largely unknown. Here, we used a mechanically actuatable Human Lung Alveolus Chip that recapitulates human lung alveolar type I and type II cell differentiation, alveolar-capillary interface formation, and genome-wide gene expression profiles characteristic of the distal lung to investigate the role of physical forces associated with cyclic breathing motions in lung innate immune responses to viral infection. When the mechanically active Alveolus Chips are infected with the influenza H3N2 virus, a cascade of host responses is elicited on-chip, including increased production of cytokines and expression of inflammation-associated genes in pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells, resulting in enhanced recruitment of circulating immune cells as occurs during viral infection in vivo. Surprisingly, studies carried out in parallel with static chips revealed that physiological breathing motions suppress viral replication by activating protective innate immune responses in epithelial and endothelial cells. This is mediated at least in part through upregulation of S100 calcium-binding protein A7 (S100A7), which binds to the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE), an inflammatory mediator that is most highly expressed in the lung alveolus in vivo . This mechano-immunological control mechanism is further supported by the finding that existing RAGE inhibitor drugs can suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines in response to influenza virus infection in this model. S100A7-RAGE interactions and modulation of mechanical ventilation parameters could therefore serve as new targets for therapeutic intervention in patients infected with influenza and other potential pandemic viruses that cause life-threatening lung inflammation.
System electrical parameters and their effects on bearing currents (1997)

This paper examines AC motor shaft voltages and resulting bearing currents when operated under pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage source inverters. The paper reviews the electrical characteristics of bearings and motors that cause shaft voltages and bearing currents. A brief review of previous work is presented, including a system model for electrical analysis of bearing currents. Relying on the work of a companion paper, the propensity for electric discharge machining (EDM) is determined by a design equation that is a function of system components. Pertinent machine parameters and their formulas are presented and values calculated for machines from 5 to 1000 HP. The effects of system elements on shaft voltages and bearing currents are evaluated experimentally and the results compared to theory. Finally, the paper presents quantitative results for one solution to the shaft voltage and bearing current problem.
IC‐P‐070: VALIDATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL TEXTURE FOR EARLY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DETECTION: GENERALIZATION TO INDEPENDENT COHORTS AND EXTRAPOLATION TO VERY EARLY SIGNS OF DEMENTIA (2014)

We previously saw that hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture provided volume-independent information in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis (AAIC 2012, P1-157) and was capable of predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD (AAIC 2013, P3-085). Both results were obtained using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data. The purpose of this study was further validation of texture for early AD detection by investigating generalization to The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) cohort and extrapolation to very early signs of dementia in a healthy, middle-aged population. Three different T1-weighted structural MRI datasets were considered (Table 1). ADNI: baseline MRIs from normal controls (CTRLs) and AD patients in the “complete annual year 2 visits” 1.5T standardized ADNI dataset. AIBL: baseline MRIs from the imaging arm. Metropolit: follow-up MRIs from 192 subjects from The Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort, of which 97 had established loss of cognitive performance from approximately age 20 to 56. The hippocampi were segmented in all MRIs using cross-sectional FreeSurfer (v5.1.0), providing the region of interest. Hippocampal fraction (HF) defined as hippocampal volume divided by FreeSurfer's estimate of intracranial volume was computed as well. The texture-based marker was trained on the ADNI dataset and was subsequently applied to score the AIBL and the Metropolit dataset. Texture was adjusted for HF by linear regression. Generalization to AIBL (area under receiver operating characteristic curve; texture / HF-adjusted texture): CTRL vs. AD 0.907 (p<0.001) / 0.790 (p<0.001), MCI-converters vs. MCI-non converters 0.831 (p=0.003) / 0.816 (p<0.001). Extrapolation to Metropolit (Pearson correlation with cognitive score; texture / HF / HF-adjusted texture): Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) -0.213 (p=0.003) / 0.181 (p=0.012) / -0.180 (p=0.013), AddenbrookeÊ¼s Cognitive Examination (ACE) -0.250 (p<0.001) / 0.018 (p=0.808) / -0.251 (p<0.001). Previously reported ADNI results were reproduced in AIBL, enhancing our confidence in hippocampal texture as an imaging biomarker for early AD detection. Texture correlated with both MMSE and ACE in Metropolit, demonstrating extrapolation to a cohort with different characteristics. HF only correlated with MMSE, further advocating texture in structural MRI-based early AD detection, since ACE is an extension of MMSE designed for early dementia detection.
Catecholamine‐synthesizing neuronal projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat (1988)

The objective of the present study was to determine the location of the neurons that give rise to catecholamine-containing terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii. This was done by injecting rhodamine-filled latex microspheres into the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats to retrogradely label neuronal cell bodies and by processing sections from the brains of these animals to determine if the labelled neurons were immunoreactive for the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT). Approximately 60% of the DBH-immunoreactive neurons that projected to the nucleus tractus solitarii belonged to the A1/C1 cell group, while an additional 20% belonged to the A5 cell group. Thus, these two ventrolateral rhombencephalic cell groups accounted for nearly 80% of the total number of rhodamine-bead-labelled DBH-immunoreactive neurons in this series of experiments. Only a small number of DBH-immunoreactive neurons of the A2/C2 cell group contained rhodamine-filled latex microspheres. Rarely, DBH-immunoreactive neurons in the locus coeruleus and the nucleus subcoeruleus were found to project to the nucleus tractus solitarii. The majority of the PNMT-immunoreactive neurons that projected to the nucleus tractus solitarii belonged to the C1 cell group. Only small numbers of PNMT-immunoreactive neurons of the C2 and C3 groups were found to contain rhodamine-filled latex microspheres. It is concluded that neurons in the ventrolateral medulla and pons, some of which presumably utilize norepinephrine and/or epinephrine as a transmitter, could regulate autonomic function via direct projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Image analysis as a tool for printer characterization and halftoning algorithm development (2003)

Both electrophotographic (laser) and inkjet technologies can generate artifacts that limit print quality. In this paper, we review our work with the use of image analysis to develop and parameterize printer models that form the basis for modifications to the print mechanism or rendering algorithm that can reduce these artifacts.
Dependence of Crosstalk Increase due to Tight Bend on Core Layout of Multi-Core Fiber (2014)

Dependence of the tight-bend-induced crosstalk increase on the core layout is experimentally investigated. The crosstalk increase exponentially decreases with the core-to-core distance increase, and depends on the positions of excited and coupled cores.
Minimal contribution of nausea or vomiting to superior semaglutide-mediated weight loss vs. exenatide and dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes (2019)

Semaglutide showed superior HbA1c and body weight reductions vs. comparators in SUSTAIN clinical trials. A analysis showed the contribution of nausea or vomiting to superior body weight loss with semaglutide in SUSTAIN 1 – 5 was small. This post hoc analysis assessed the contribution of nausea or vomiting to the greater weight loss with semaglutide vs. exenatide extended-release (ER) and dulaglutide.
Physiological Age by Artificial Intelligence–Enhanced Electrocardiograms as a Novel Risk Factor of Mortality in Kidney Transplant Candidates (2023)

ECG age is a risk factor for KT waitlist mortality. Determining ECG age through artificial intelligence may help guide risk-benefit assessment when evaluating candidates for KT.
MEN 11420 (Nepadutant), a novel glycosylated bicyclic peptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist (1998)

1. The pharmacological profile was studied of MEN 11420, or cyclo[[Asn(beta-D-GlcNAc)-Asp-Trp-Phe-Dap-Leu]cyclo(2beta-5beta )], a glycosylated derivative of the potent, selective, conformationally-constrained tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist MEN 10627 (cyclo(Met-Asp-Trp-Phe-Dap-Leu)cyclo(2beta-5beta)). 2. MEN 11420 competitively bound with high affinity to the human NK2 receptor stably transfected in CHO cells, displacing radiolabelled [125I]-neurokinin A and [3H]-SR 48968 with Ki values of 2.5+/-0.7 nM (n = 6) and 2.6+/-0.4 nM (n = 3), respectively. 3. MEN 11420 showed negligible binding affinity (pIC50 < 6) at 50 different receptors (including tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptors) and ion channels. 4. In the rabbit isolated pulmonary artery and rat urinary bladder MEN 11420 potently and competitively antagonized tachykinin NK2 receptor-mediated contractions (pK(B) = 8.6+/-0.07, n = 10, and 9.0+/-0.04, n = 12; Schild plot slope = -1.06 (95% c.l. = -1.3; -0.8) and -1.17 (95% c.l. = -1.3; -1.0), respectively). MEN 11420 produced an insurmountable antagonism at NK2 receptors in the hamster trachea and mouse urinary bladder. However, in both preparations, the effect of MEN 11420 was reverted by washout and an apparent pK(B) of 10.2+/-0.14, n = 9, and 9.8+/-0.15, n = 9, was calculated in the hamster trachea and mouse urinary bladder, respectively. 5. MEN 11420 showed low affinity (pK(B) < 6) at guinea-pig and rat tachykinin NK1 (guinea-pig ileum and rat urinary bladder) and NK3 (guinea-pig ileum and rat portal vein) receptors. On the whole, the affinities (potency and selectivity) showed by MEN 11420 for different tachykinin receptors, measured either in binding or in functional bioassays, were similar to those shown by the parent compound, MEN 10627. 6. The in vivo antagonism of the contractions produced by [betaAla8]neurokinin A(4-10) (1 nmol kg(-1)) was observed after intravenous (dose range: 1-10 nmol kg(-1)), intranasal (3-10 nmol kg(-1)), intrarectal (30-100 nmol kg(-1)) and intraduodenal (100-300 nmol kg(-1)) administration of MEN 11420. MEN 11420 was more potent (about 10 fold) and longer lasting than its parent compound MEN 10627, possibly due to a greater metabolic stability. 7. A dose of MEN 11420 (100 nmol kg(-1), i.v.), that produced potent and long lasting inhibition of the contraction of the rat urinary bladder induced by challenge with the NK2 selective receptor agonist [betaAla8]neurokinin A(4-10) (10-300 nmol kg(-1)), was without effect on the responses produced by the NK1 receptor selective agonist [Sar9]substance P sulphone (1-10 nmol kg(-1)). 8. These findings indicate that MEN 11420 is a potent and selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist. The introduction of a sugar moiety did not produce major changes in the affinity profile of this antagonist as compared to MEN 10627, but markedly improved its in vivo potency and duration of action. With these characteristics, MEN 11420 is a suitable candidate for studying the pathophysiological significance of tachykinin NK2 receptors in humans.
Binding Mode Determination of Benzimidazole Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerase by a Structure and Dynamics Strategy (2004)

A novel strategy involving NMR, medicinal chemistry, and molecular modeling is described for determining the binding mode of ligands and the binding roles of their substituents. The first solution structure of an inhibitor bound to hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase (see picture) provides practical information for the rational design of potential therapeutics against HCV infections.