gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Solid Phase Extraction on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes of Some Heavy Metal Ions to Analysis of Skin Whitening Cosmetics Using ICP-AES (2013)

A novel and highly sensitive method for the determination of some heavy metals in skin whitening cosmetics creams using multiwalled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs as solid phase extraction sorbent for the preconcentration of these heavy metals prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry is described. Different practical parameters have been thoroughly investigated and the optimum experimental conditions were employed. The developed method was then applied for the determination of arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, lead and titanium in samples of skin whitening cosmetics. The detection limits under these conditions for As, Bi, Cd, Pb, Hg and Ti were 2.4, 4.08, 0.3, 2.1, 1.8, and 1.8 ng·mL-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were found to be less than 2.0%. For validation, a certified reference material of NIST SRM 1570a spinach leaves was analyzed and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. The recoveries for spiked samples were found to be in the range of 89.6-104.4%.
Lattice-free sets, branching disjunctions, and mixed-integer programming (2012)

In this paper we study the relationship between valid inequalities for mixed-integer sets, lattice-free sets associated with these inequalities and structured disjunctive cuts, especially the t-branch split cuts introduced by Li and Richard (2008). By analyzing n-dimensional lattice-free sets, we prove that every facet-defining inequality of the convex hull of a mixed-integer polyhedral set withn integer variables is a t-branch split cut for some positive integer t. Moreover, this number t does not depend on the data defining the polyhedral set and is bounded by a function of the dimension n only. We use this result to give a finitely convergent cutting-plane algorithm to solve mixed-integer programs. We also show that the minimum value t, for which all facets of polyhedral mixed-integer sets with n integer variables can be expressed as t-branch split cuts, grows exponentially with n. In particular, when n = 3, we observe that not all facet-defining inequalities are 6-branch split cuts. We analyze the cases when n = 2 and n = 3 in detail, and show that an explicit classification of maximal lattice-free sets is not necessary to express facet-defining inequalities as branching disjunctions with a small number of atoms.
Suppressive effect of Ni–Sn internal electrode at the anode on the leakage current degradation of BaTiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (2021)

As the BaTiO3 dielectric layer of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) becomes thinner, the problem of leakage current degradation arises. In this study, the leakage current degradation was investigated for the cases when the Ni–Sn internal electrode was placed at either the anode or the cathode. The MLCCs with the Ni–Sn internal electrode at the anode suppressed the leakage current degradation with time significantly better than that at the cathode. The leakage current types for the degraded MLCCs were tunnel and Schottky or Poole–Frenkel for the Ni and Ni–Sn internal electrodes, respectively. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed an interface layer with a high Sn concentration at the interface between the Ni–Sn internal electrode and BaTiO3. Therefore, the interface of the electrode at the anode plays an important role in the leakage current degradation of MLCCs with time.
Simple, Rapid Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease Diagnosis from Clinical Samples by Fluorescence of Mycolactone on Thin Layer Chromatography (2015)

We have shown that mycolactone can be detected from M. ulcerans infected skin tissue by f-TLC technique. The technique is simple, easy to perform and read with minimal costs. In this study it was undertaken by a member of the group from each endemic country. It is a potentially implementable tool at the district level after evaluation in larger field studies.
Nickel‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization of Azoles and Indoles (2021)

Direct C-H functionalization of privileged and biologically relevant azoles and indoles represents an important chemical transformation in molecular science. Despite significant progress in the palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-H functionalization of azoles and indoles, the use of abundant and less expensive nickel catalyst is underdeveloped. In the recent past, the nickel-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkylation, arylation, alkenylation and alkynylation of azoles and indoles have been substantially explored, which can be applied to the complex organic molecule synthesis. In this Account, we summarize the developments in nickel-catalyzed regioselective functionalization of azoles and indoles with a considerable focus on the reaction mechanism.
Damped Windows for Aircraft Interior Noise Control (2004)

Windows are a significant path for structure-borne and air-borne noise transmission into aircraft. To improve the acoustical performance, damped windows were fabricated using two or three layers of plexiglas with transparent viscoelastic damping material sandwiched between the layers. In this paper, numerical and experimental results are used to evaluate the acoustic benefits of damped windows. Tests were performed in the Structural Acoustic Loads and Transmission Facility at NASA Langley Research Center to measure the transmission loss for diffuse acoustic excitation and radiated sound power for point force excitation. Comparisons between uniform and damped plexiglas windows showed increased transmission loss of 6 dB at the first natural frequency, 6 dB at coincidence, and 4.5 dB over a 50 to 4k Hz range. Radiated sound power was reduced up to 7 dB at the lower natural frequencies and 3.7 dB over a 1000 Hz bandwidth. Numerical models are presented for the prediction of radiated sound power for point force excitation and transmission loss for diffuse acoustic excitation. Radiated sound power and transmission loss predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. A parametric study is presented that evaluates the optimum configuration of the damped plexiglas windows for reducing the radiated sound power. 1.
Identification of relevant multimodal cues to enhance context-aware hearing instruments (2011)

Today's state-of-the-art hearing instruments (HIs) adapt the sound processing only according to the user's acoustic surrounding. Acoustic ambiguities limit the set of daily life situations where HIs can support the user adequately. State-of-the-art HIs feature body area networking capabilities. Thus, body-worn sensors could be used to recognize complex user contexts and enhance next-generation HIs. In this work, we identify in a rich real-world data set the mapping between the context of the user --which can be recognized from bodyworn sensors-- and the user's current hearing wish. This is the foundation for the implementation of recognition systems for the specific cues in next generation HIs based on on-body sensor data. We discuss how the identified mapping allows selecting a-priori distributions for hearing wishes and HI parameters like the switching sensitivity. We conclude deducing the sensory requirements to realize next generation of networked HIs.
Energy of CDM Failure for ICs on Package-, Wafer-and Board-Level (2019)

An energy-based failure is analyzed for Charged-Device-Model-like (CDM) discharges. The stress of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) element can be quantified and simulated, if the background capacitance of an IC domain is known. Differences between package-, wafer- and board-level are evaluated using the Capacitively Coupled Transmission Line Pulsing (CCTLP) method. The difference in the switching behavior of an ESD element due to capacitance relations is evaluated on package- and wafer-level.
Towards Theoretical Cost Limit of Stochastic Number Generators for Stochastic Computing (2018)

Stochastic number generator (SNG) is one important component of stochastic computing (SC). An SNG usually consists of a random number source (RNS) and a probability conversion circuit (PCC). The SNGs occupy a large portion of the total area and power of a stochastic circuit. Thus, it is critical to lower the area and power of the SNGs. The existing methods only focused on simplifying the RNSs inside the SNGs, such as sharing the RNSs and using emerging devices. However, how to reduce the area and power of PCCs is never studied. In this work, we explore this problem and propose a solution that can effectively reduce the area and power of PCCs. We also study the theoretical limit on the cost of SNG and find that our proposed design approaches the limit. The experimental results show that our design can gain up to 2× improvement in power-delay product over the traditional SNGs.
E-Beam Direct-Write Lithography/Nanoimprint Lithography and Aviation (2007)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Mechanistic aspects of n-paraffins hydrocracking: Influence of zeolite morphology and acidity of Pd(Pt)/ZSM-5 catalysts (2020)

The influence of zeolite domain size, acidity, and metal type on n-decane and n-nonadecane hydroconversion was investigated for bifunctional Pd(Pt)/ZSM-5 zeolite (bulk, desilicated, thin and thick nanosheets). Decreasing the size of zeolitic domains to a few nanometers results in lower overall activity, higher skeletal isomerization yield, and an imbalance between metal and acid functions. These changes are attributed to a lower pore occupancy of olefinic intermediates due to the substantially larger external surface of nanosheets and higher desorption rates. Well-balanced bifunctional behavior and higher activity of nanosheet ZSM-5 can be achieved by strengthening the metal function or lowering the acidity. The influence on the isomerized and cracked product fractions is also discussed. Hydroconversion of n-nonadecane gave low yields of skeletal isomers over all Pd-loaded ZSM-5 catalysts and led to significant over-cracking due to the long intracrystalline residence times of the long hydrocarbon reactant.
Minimizing Induced Drag with Wing Twist, Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Validation (2006)

A more practical analytical solution for the effects of wing twist on the performance of a finite wing of arbitrary planform has recently been presented. This infinite series solution is based on Prandtl's classical lifting-line theory, and the Fourier coefficients are presented in a form that depends only on wing geometry. Except for the special case of an elliptic planform, this solution shows that, if properly chosen, wing twist can be used to reduce the induced drag for a wing producing finite lift. A relation for the optimum twist distribution on a wing of arbitrary planform was presented. If this optimum twist distribution is used, the new solution predicts that a wing of any planform can be designed for a given lift coefficient to produce induced drag at the same minimum level as an elliptic wing having the same aspect ratio and no twist. In the present paper, results predicted from this new lifting-line solution are compared with results predicted from computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) solutions. In all cases, the CFD solutions showed that the drag reduction achieved with optimum twist was equal to or greater than that predicted by lifting-line theory.
Accurate Lung Nodules Segmentation with Detailed Representation Transfer and Soft Mask Supervision (2020)

Accurate lung lesion segmentation from Computed Tomography (CT) images is crucial to the analysis and diagnosis of lung diseases such as COVID-19 and lung cancer. However, the smallness and variety of lung nodules and the lack of high-quality labeling make the accurate lung nodule segmentation difficult. To address these issues, we first introduce a novel segmentation mask named Soft Mask which has richer and more accurate edge details description and better visualization and develop a universal automatic Soft Mask annotation pipeline to deal with different datasets correspondingly. Then, a novel Network with detailed representation transfer and Soft Mask supervision (DSNet) is proposed to process the input low-resolution images of lung nodules into high-quality segmentation results. Our DSNet contains a special Detail Representation Transfer Module (DRTM) for reconstructing the detailed representation to alleviate the small size of lung nodules images, and an adversarial training framework with Soft Mask for further improving the accuracy of segmentation. Extensive experiments validate that our DSNet outperforms other state-of-the-art methods for accurate lung nodule segmentation and has strong generalization ability in other accurate medical segmentation tasks with competitive results. Besides, we provide a new challenging lung nodules segmentation dataset for further studies.
Notice of Removal: Insight in vascular fragility induced by collagen structural change using ultrafast ultrasound imaging in a mouse model of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (2017)

Removed.
Automated Optimization of Void Pantograph Settings (2011)

Void pantographs (VPs) have been an important part of the security printing toolkit for several decades. When crafted for a specific printing technology, VPs provide an almost &#x201C;magical&#x201D; effect&#x2014;they are nearly invisible in the original print and then stand out strikingly when they are copied. However, this effect comes at an expense&#x2014;VPs have historically been designed only for a specific printing technology, and so cannot be extended to a mobile-printing world, where the VP needs to be supported by a wide range of printers.In this paper, we describe an automated process for optimizing the VP settings. These are the background and foreground pattern used in the VP&#x2014;the background &#x201C;disappears&#x201D; when copied and the foreground &#x201C;bolds&#x201D;. VP test sheets are created using the ranges of background and foreground settings necessary to guarantee identification of at least one &#x201C;readable&#x201D; pair of settings. This can be automated by writing the VP as a readable mark&#x2014;for example, a barcode that can be read (or not read) by a barcode reader; text that can be read (or not read) by an optical character recognition (OCR) engine; or even a face that can be recognized by a face recognition engine. The successful VPs will not be readable (using camera images to prevent a &#x201C;copying&#x201D; effect) when originally printed but accurately readable (using a camera) after a single copy, or print-scan, cycle.
A single-chip video-processing IC made by an improved Bi-CMOS process (1992)

A Bi-CMOS process was developed to produce a NTSC video-processing IC that draws on the particular advantages of both analog and digital processing techniques. It was possible to achieve good picture performance and to reduce the number of peripheral components. The features of the IC are that it uses many parameters to control picture characteristics by a compact bus interface; it has very stable synchronization with minimization of geometric distortion by the deflection processor; and it uses an adjustment-free filter. The specifications of the IC are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data from Systematic Interrogation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can lead to dramatic clinical responses in B-cell malignancies. However, early clinical trials with CAR T-cell therapy in non–B-cell malignancies have been disappointing to date, suggesting that tumor-intrinsic features contribute to resistance. To investigate tumor-intrinsic modes of resistance, we performed genome scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens in mesothelin (MSLN)-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. Co-culture with MSLN-targeting CAR T cells identified both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent modes of resistance. In particular, loss of the majority of the genes involved in the pathway responsible for GPI-anchor biosynthesis and attachment abrogated the ability of CAR T cells to target pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that disruption of this pathway may permit MSLN CAR T-cell evasion in the clinic. Antigen-independent mediators of CAR T-cell response included members of the death receptor pathway as well as genes that regulate tumor transcriptional responses, including &lt;i&gt;TFAP4&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;INTS12&lt;/i&gt;. TFAP4-mediated CAR T resistance depended on the NFκB transcription factor p65, indicating that tumor resistance to CAR T-cell therapy likely involves alterations in tumor-intrinsic states. Overall, this study uncovers multiple antigen-dependent and -independent mechanisms of CAR T-cell evasion by pancreatic cancer, paving the way for overcoming resistance in this disease that is notoriously refractory to immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;The identification and validation of key determinants of CAR T-cell response in pancreatic cancer provide insights into the landscape of tumor cell intrinsic resistance mechanisms and into approaches to improve therapeutic efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis and Applications of the C2-Symmetrical Diamine 2,7-Diazabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane (2020)

Chiral diamines are particularly useful as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. In an effort to expand the library of such diamines, the synthesis and resolution of the <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-symmetric diamine 2,7-diazabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane [<b>(-)-1</b>] are reported. Diamine <b>(-)-1</b> has been prepared in multigram quantities from the known bicyclic diketone <b>7</b> in four steps without the need for chromatographic purification. Derivatives of <b>(-)-1</b>, i.e., the bis-methylated diamine <b>(+)-5</b> and two diastereomeric tricyclic analogs, were evaluated as potential sparteine surrogates. The solid-state structure of the <b>(+)-5</b>-methyllithium complex was obtained. High levels of asymmetric induction were observed while using <b>(+)-5</b> as a ligand in palladium-mediated asymmetric allylations.
Biaxial Stretch Improves Elastic Fiber Maturation, Collagen Arrangement, and Mechanical Properties in Engineered Arteries (2016)

Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEVs) are typically produced using the pulsatile, uniaxial circumferential stretch to mechanically condition and strengthen the arterial grafts. Despite improvements in the mechanical integrity of TEVs after uniaxial conditioning, these tissues fail to achieve critical properties of native arteries such as matrix content, collagen fiber orientation, and mechanical strength. As a result, uniaxially loaded TEVs can result in mechanical failure, thrombus, or stenosis on implantation. In planar tissue equivalents such as artificial skin, biaxial loading has been shown to improve matrix production and mechanical properties. To date however, multiaxial loading has not been examined as a means to improve mechanical and biochemical properties of TEVs during culture. Therefore, we developed a novel bioreactor that utilizes both circumferential and axial stretch that more closely simulates loading conditions in native arteries, and we examined the suture strength, matrix production, fiber orientation, and cell proliferation. After 3 months of biaxial loading, TEVs developed a formation of mature elastic fibers that consisted of elastin cores and microfibril sheaths. Furthermore, the distinctive features of collagen undulation and crimp in the biaxial TEVs were absent in both uniaxial and static TEVs. Relative to the uniaxially loaded TEVs, tissues that underwent biaxial loading remodeled and realigned collagen fibers toward a more physiologic, native-like organization. The biaxial TEVs also showed increased mechanical strength (suture retention load of 303 ± 14.53 g, with a wall thickness of 0.76 ± 0.028 mm) and increased compliance. The increase in compliance was due to combinatorial effects of mature elastic fibers, undulated collagen fibers, and collagen matrix orientation. In conclusion, biaxial stretching is a potential means to regenerate TEVs with improved matrix production, collagen organization, and mechanical properties.
An Active Voltage Balancing Strategy for Stacked-Inverter ICN Converters (2021)

This paper presents an active voltage balancing strategy for the impedance control network (ICN) resonant converters with stacked inverters. The stacked mode of operation of this converter is analyzed in detail and the reason for the voltage imbalance is discussed. An active voltage balancing strategy leveraging the phase-shift between the converter’s inverter and rectifier is proposed to mitigate this voltage imbalance. The impact of this voltage balancing strategy on the converter’s soft-switching capability is examined and an enhancement to this balancing strategy is also proposed to ensure soft-switching by introducing slight voltage imbalance. The proposed voltage balancing strategy and its enhanced version are experimentally validated using a 20-V, 330-W ICN ac-dc converter prototype operating at high line input (230 Vrms). This prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 93.8% at high line.
Lysine residues in the N‐terminal huntingtin amphipathic α‐helix play a key role in peptide aggregation (2015)

Huntington's disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in a polyglutamine domain near the N-terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein that results in the formation of protein aggregates. Here, htt aggregate structure has been examined using hydrogen-deuterium exchange techniques coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The focus of the study is on the 17-residue N-terminal flanking region of the peptide that has been shown to alter htt aggregation kinetics and morphology. A top-down sequencing strategy employing electron transfer dissociation is utilized to determine the location of accessible and protected hydrogens. In these experiments, peptides aggregate in a deuterium-rich solvent at neutral pH and are subsequently subjected to deuterium-hydrogen back-exchange followed by rapid quenching, disaggregation, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Electrospray ionization of the peptide solution produces the [M + 5H](5+) to [M + 10H](10+) charge states and reveals the presence of multiple peptide sequences differing by single glutamine residues. The [M + 7H](7+) to [M + 9](9+) charge states corresponding to the full peptide are used in the electron transfer dissociation analyses. Evidence for protected residues is observed in the 17-residue N-terminal tract and specifically points to lysine residues as potentially playing a significant role in htt aggregation.
Passive Immunisierung mit dem monoklonalen Antikörper 1H8 schützt Mäuse vor pneumogener Sepsis (2016)

Einleitung: Die Vakzinierung ist eine weltweit anerkannte Methode zur Prophylaxe invasiver Pneumokokkenerkrankungen. Die aktuell verfügbaren Polysaccharidimpfstoffe umfassen jedoch nur einen Teil der klinisch relevanten Serotypen. Eine neue chemische Methode erlaubt die Produktion nahezu beliebiger Kapselpolysaccharidantigene von Streptococcus pneumoniae und damit die kostengünstige und kurzfristige Herstellung polyvalenter Impfstoffe nach klinisch-epidemiologischer Notwendigkeit. S. pneumoniae Serotyp 8 (ST8) ist von besonderer klinischer Bedeutung und wird nicht von den aktuell zugelassenen Pneumokokken-Konjugatimpfstoffen abgedeckt. Daher ist die zeitnahe Etablierung eines geeigneten Impfstoffes von besonderer Relevanz. Zur Prüfung, ob der monoklonale Antikörper (mAb) 1H8, der gegen ein spezifisches Kohlenhydratantigen von ST8 gerichtet ist, zur Aufdeckung des "richtigen", protektiven Epitops im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines neuen Kohlenhydratkongujatimpfstoffes gegen ST8 eingesetzt werden kann, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie zunächst der protektive Effekt von mAb 1H8 in vivo geprüft.