gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information-Theoretically Secure Communication Under Channel Uncertainty (2012)

Secure communication under channel uncertainty is an important and challenging problem in physical-layer security and cryptography. In this dissertation, we take a&#13;\nfundamental information-theoretic view at three concrete settings and use them to shed insight into efficient secure communication techniques for different scenarios under channel uncertainty.&#13;\n&#13;\nFirst, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian broadcast channel with two receivers and two messages: a common message intended for both receivers (i.e., channel&#13;\nuncertainty for decoding the common message at the receivers) and a confidential message intended for one of the receivers but needing to be kept asymptotically perfectly secret from the other is considered. A matrix characterization of the secrecy capacity region is established via a channel-enhancement argument and an extremal entropy inequality previously established for characterizing the capacity region of a degraded compound MIMO Gaussian broadcast channel.&#13;\n&#13;\nSecond, a multilevel security wiretap channel where there is one possible realization for the legitimate receiver channel but multiple possible realizations for the eavesdropper channel (i.e., channel uncertainty at the eavesdropper) is considered. A coding scheme is designed such that the number of secure bits delivered to the legitimate receiver depends on the actual realization of the eavesdropper channel. More specifically, when the eavesdropper channel realization is weak, all bits delivered to the legitimate receiver need to be secure. In addition, when the eavesdropper channel realization is strong, a prescribed part of the bits needs to remain secure. We call such codes security embedding codes, referring to the fact that high-security bits are now embedded into the low-security ones. We show that the key to achieving efficient security embedding is to jointly encode the low-security and high-security bits. In particular, the low-security bits can be used as (part of) the transmitter randomness to protect the high-security ones.&#13;\n&#13;\nFinally, motivated by the recent interest in building secure, robust and efficient distributed information storage systems, the problem of secure symmetrical multilevel diversity coding (S-SMDC) is considered. This is a setting where there are channel uncertainties at both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. The problem of encoding individual sources is first studied. A precise characterization of the entire admissible rate region is established via a connection to the problem of secure coding over a three-layer wiretap network and utilizing some basic polyhedral structure of the admissible rate region. Building on this result, it is then shown that the simple coding strategy of separately encoding individual sources at the encoders can achieve the minimum sum rate for the general S-SMDC problem.
Modeling of 3-D elastic waves in nonlinear elastic solids using the iterative nonlinear contrast source method (2020)

In nondestructive testing, the generation of higher harmonics and the mixing of elastic waves are used to measure the nonlinearity parameters, which in turn are closely related to the microscopic state of the material. A 3-D numerical tool that can simulate large scale, four-dimensional, nonlinear elastic wavefields would be very useful for the reliable interpretation of experimental results. Here, a method is presented that can efficiently compute the nonlinear displacement fields in a homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium, taking into account its third-order elastic constants (A, B, C). The method is based on the Neumann iterative solution of an integral equation involving a Green's function of the linear `background' medium, and a contrast source representing the nonlinearity of the medium. The integral equation is solved iteratively, and the computations are based on Fast Fourier Transforms using a sampling rate close to the Nyquist limit, i.e., two grid points of the shortest wavelength. The displacement fields are evaluated using the scalar and vector potential functions representing the compressional and shear displacements. In this presentation, the suitability of the INCS method for modeling the harmonics of 3-D nonlinear elastic waves and its validation by comparison with an analytical benchmark solution, will be presented.
Nanocomposites à nanocharges lamellaires (2007)

Les nanocomposites sont constitués d’une dispersion de plaquettes ou lamelles généralement argileuses dans une matrice polymère. Ces charges lamellaires sont un ensemble de feuillets de type « mille feuilles ». Les dimensions des feuillets individuels sont de l’ordre du nanomètre en épaisseur, de plusieurs dizaines de nanomètres en largeur, et de plusieurs dizaines de nanomètres à quelques micromètres en longueur d’où leur appellation nanocharges. Les caractéristiques géométriques de la charge ont une influence déterminante sur les propriétés des matériaux polymères ainsi formulés, répertoriés ici sous l’appellation générale nanocomposites.
Ultrasonic velocity measurements in some liquid triglycerides and vegetable oils (1988)

Abstract A pulse echo technique was used to measure the ultrasonic velocity of nine vegetable oils (5–70 C, 1.25 MHz) and a number of liquid triglycerides and triglyceride/sunflower oil mixtures (70 C, 1.25 MHz). The velocities of the vegetable oils at 70 C were related to the velocities of their constituent components using two empirical equations; the first related the velocity of a triglyceride to its molecular formula, and the second related the velocity of an oil to the velocities of its triglyceride components.
Simultaneous Sensing and Transmission for Cognitive Radios With Imperfect Signal Cancellation (2017)

In conventional cognitive radio systems, the secondary user employs a “listen-before-talk” paradigm, where it senses if the primary user is active or idle, before it decides to access the licensed spectrum. However, this method faces challenges, with the most important one being the reduction of the secondary user’s throughput, as no data transmission takes place during the sensing period. In this context, the idea of simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission is proposed. This paper studies a system model where this concept is obtained through the collaboration of the secondary transmitter with the secondary receiver. First, the secondary receiver decodes the signal from the secondary transmitter, removes it from the total received signal, and then carries out spectrum sensing in the remaining signal in order to determine the presence/absence of the primary user. Different from the existing literature, this paper considers the imperfect signal cancellation, evaluating how the decoding errors affect the sensing reliability, and derives the analytical expressions for the probability of false alarm. Finally, numerical results are presented illustrating the accuracy of the proposed analysis.
Chemical targeting of voltage sensitive dyes to specific cells and molecules in the brain (2020)

Voltage sensitive fluorescent dyes (VSDs) are important tools for probing signal transduction in neurons and other excitable cells. These sensors, rendered highly lipophilic to anchor the conjugated pi-wire molecular framework in the membrane, offer several favorable functional parameters including fast response kinetics and high sensitivity to membrane potential changes. The impact of VSDs has, however, been limited due to the lack of cell-specific targeting methods in brain tissue or living animals. We address this key challenge by introducing a non-genetic molecular platform for cell- and molecule-specific targeting of synthetic voltage sensitive dyes in the brain. We employ a dextran polymer particle to overcome the inherent lipophilicity of voltage sensitive dyes by dynamic encapsulation, and high-affinity ligands to target the construct to specific neuronal cells utilizing only native components of the neurotransmission machinery at physiological expression levels. Dichloropane, a monoamine transporter ligand, enables targeting of dense dopaminergic axons in the mouse striatum and sparse noradrenergic axons in the mouse cortex in acute brain slices. PFQX in conjunction with ligand-directed acyl imidazole chemistry enables covalent labeling of AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the same brain regions. Probe variants bearing either a classical electrochromic ANEP dye or state-of-the-art VoltageFluor-type dye respond to membrane potential changes in a similar manner to the parent dyes, as shown by whole-cell patch recording. We demonstrate the feasibility of optical voltage recording with our probes in brain tissue with one-photon and two-photon fluorescence microscopy and define the signal limits of optical voltage imaging with synthetic sensors under a low photon budget determined by the native expression levels of the target proteins. We envision that modularity of our platform will enable its application to a variety of molecular targets and sensors, as well as lipophilic drugs and signaling modulators. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a chemical targeting approach and expands the possibilities of cell-specific imaging and pharmacology.
Multi-stage bioengineering of a layered oesophagus with in vitro expanded muscle and epithelial adult progenitors (2018)

A tissue engineered oesophagus could overcome limitations associated with oesophageal substitution. Combining decellularized scaffolds with patient-derived cells shows promise for regeneration of tissue defects. In this proof-of-principle study, a two-stage approach for generation of a bio-artificial oesophageal graft addresses some major challenges in organ engineering, namely: (i) development of multi-strata tubular structures, (ii) appropriate re-population/maturation of constructs before transplantation, (iii) cryopreservation of bio-engineered organs and (iv) in vivo pre-vascularization. The graft comprises decellularized rat oesophagus homogeneously re-populated with mesoangioblasts and fibroblasts for the muscle layer. The oesophageal muscle reaches organised maturation after dynamic culture in a bioreactor and functional integration with neural crest stem cells. Grafts are pre-vascularised in vivo in the omentum prior to mucosa reconstitution with expanded epithelial progenitors. Overall, our optimised two-stage approach produces a fully re-populated, structurally organized and pre-vascularized oesophageal substitute, which could become an alternative to current oesophageal substitutes.
Design of a permanent magnet synchronous machine for an electromechanical active suspension actuator (2002)

This paper studies an electromechanical actuator for active lateral suspension in a rail vehicle. It is suggested how the trade-off between size, heat and bandwidth should be managed in order to get the best possible overall performance. A prototype actuator, constructed from the described principles, is demonstrated.
Data from Autoantibody Profiles Reveal Ubiquilin 1 as a Humoral Immune Response Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;There is considerable evidence that the presence of cancer can elicit a humoral immune response to specific proteins in the host, and these resulting autoantibodies may have potential as noninvasive biomarkers. To characterize the autoantibody repertoire present in the sera of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, we developed a high-density peptide microarray derived from biopanning a lung cancer phage display library. Using a 2,304-element microarray, we interrogated a total of 250 sera from Michigan lung cancer patients and noncancer controls to develop an “autoantibody profile” of lung adenocarcinoma. A set of 22 discriminating peptides derived from a training set of 125 serum samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients and control subjects was found to predict cancer status with 85% sensitivity and 86% specificity in an independent test set of 125 sera. Sequencing of the immunoreactive phage-peptide clones identified candidate humoral immune response targets in lung adenocarcinoma, including ubiquilin 1, a protein that regulates the degradation of several ubiquitin-dependent proteasome substrates. An independent validation set of 122 serum samples from Pittsburgh was examined using two overlapping clones of ubiquilin 1 that showed 0.79 and 0.74 of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, respectively. Significantly increased levels of both ubiquilin 1 mRNA and protein, as well as reduced levels of the phosphorylated form of this protein, were detected in lung tumors. Immunofluorescence using anti–ubiquilin 1 antibodies confirmed intracellular expression within tumors cells. These studies indicate that autoantibody profiles, as well as individual candidates, may be useful for the noninvasive detection of lung adenocarcinoma. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):3461–7]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of the Unique Anti‐Migraine Agent CP‐122,288: A Bromine Atom Passenger in an Intramolecular Heck Reaction. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transparent heat-spreader for optoelectronic applications (2011)

An optoelectronic cooling system is equally applicable to an LED collimator or a photovoltaic solar concentrator. A transparent fluid conveys heat from the optoelectronic chip to a hollow cover over the system aperture. The cooling system can keep a solar concentrator chip at the same temperature as found for a one-sun flat-plate solar cell. Natural convection or forced circulation can operate to convey heat from the chip to the cover.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Discovery and optimization of triazolopyridazines as potent and selective inhibitors of the c-Met kinase. (2008)

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process in which oncogenes play a key role in tumor formation, growth, and maintenance. MET was discovered as an oncogene that is activated by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor. Deregulated signaling in the c-Met pathway has been observed in multiple tumor types. Herein we report the discovery of potent and selective triazolopyridazine small molecules that inhibit c-Met activity.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Polo-like Kinase 1 (Plk1) as a Novel Drug Target in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Overriding Imatinib Resistance with the Plk1 Inhibitor BI 2536 (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Polo-like Kinase 1 (Plk1) as a Novel Drug Target in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Overriding Imatinib Resistance with the Plk1 Inhibitor BI 2536
Linearized Multi-Level $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulated Wireless Transmitters for SDR Applications Using Simple DLGA Algorithm (2013)

This paper proposes a new linearization algorithm, discrete level gain adjustment (DLGA), for linearized high efficiency multi-level delta sigma modulator (ΔΣM)-based transmitter architectures adequate for wideband multi-standard software defined radio (SDR) applications. The new simple linearization DLGA algorithm is deployed instead of using a full digitally predistorted to maintain the linearity of the employed switching-mode power amplifier (SMPA) with a considerable decrease in the complexity of the digital signal processing (DSP) unit. The proposed architecture includes a multi-level envelope ΔΣM (EΔΣM) concurrently with a linearized SMPA, in order to achieve a better trade-off of power efficiency versus linearity. Based on DLGA, instead of envelope elimination and restoration (EER) configuration, three-level envelope LPΔΣM-based transmitter in phase elimination and restoration (PER) configuration was implemented. The bandwidth constraint of the EER configuration was relaxed. First, a multi-level Envelope EΔΣM-based transmitter was studied to determine the optimal number of quantizer levels that could be used. Through MATLAB simulation and measurement results, it was shown that the best performance was achieved with a discrete level signal that has three different power levels, including zero and regardless the phase. From the measurements, the linearized three-level PER-LPEΔΣM transmitter shows an efficiency of 36%, signal-to-noise distortion ratio of 43.8 dB and adjacent channel power ratio of 45 dB.
Tailoring Organic Redox Couples for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2018)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for grid storage, but current systems have not met the stringent cost and/or safety requirements needed for widespread implementation. Replacing vanadium with organic compounds may lower materials cost, and utilizing non-aqueous (aprotic) electrolyte solvents, in place of water, could enable a 2- to 3-fold increase in operating voltage. Both features make non-aqueous RFBs candidates for large-scale stationary storage. A limited number of organic compounds have been reported as stable electron donors and acceptors, with even fewer materials being studied as small molecule two-electron donors and/or two-electron acceptors. Our recent efforts have focused on the development of highly soluble electron donors and acceptors with stable oxidized and reduced states. This presentation will focus on design strategies utilized to increase molecular stability in all relevant states of charge as well as solubility. In particular, we highlight the design, synthesis, and electrochemical analysis of organic redox couples. Results will be presented on the cycling of phenothiazine and naphthoquinone derivatives in flowing full cell battery prototypes.
Carbenium ion rearrangements in the alkylation of tertiary halides with trimethylaluminum (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbenium ion rearrangements in the alkylation of tertiary halides with trimethylaluminumE. Melby and J. P. KennedyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 16, 2433–2434Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00930a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00930a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of mask corner rounding effects on lithographic patterning for 90-nm technology node and beyond (2004)

This paper presented an integrated simulation framework linking our in-house mask writer simulator and the optical lithography simulation engines to include the mask corner rounding effect in lithographic performance evaluations. In the writer simulator, a modified two-dimensional Gaussian function is used as the functional form of the convolution kernel (point spread function). Parameters of the kernel function for different writing machines are automatically extracted from scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of simple mask pattern geometries. The convolution results of the kernel and the mask layout form the intensity distribution for pattern definition. The isocontour of the resulting image at the desired level of bias can be regarded as a good approximation of the mask shape obtained from a real mask writer. The writer simulator then saves the contour data as the user-specified format of mask file for subsequent lithography simulations. With the aid of this simulation tool, the impacts of mask corner rounding effects on two-dimensional OPCed pattern for 90-nm and 65-nm node lithography processes are quantitatively evaluated. The results show the line end shortening (LES) is greatly influenced by mask corner rounding effects. The LESs in the 65-nm node process are over twice of those in the 90-nm node process. The resolution capability of a 2-stage 16X mask manufacturing process was also studied in this paper. Simulation results indicate the ArF lithography might be required to make this innovative mask-making technology suitable for 90-nm generation and beyond.
NMR analyses on the molecular mechanism of the conformational rigidity of 2‐thioribothymidine, a modified nucleoside in extreme thermophile tRNAs (1983)

1H-NMR analyses have been made on the conformations of 2-thioribothymidine (s2T), 2-thiodeoxyribothymidine (s2dT), as well as ribothymidine (T) and deoxyribothymidine (dT). s2T and s2dT exclusively take the anti form rather than the syn form. The C3'-endo-gg form of the sugar moiety is remarkably stabilized on modification of T to s2T, but not on modification of dT to s2dT. The steric effects of the 2-thiocarbonyl group and the 2'-hydroxyl group cause the rigidity of the C3'-endo-gg form of s2T. Such rigidity of s2T probably contributes to the thermostability of 2-thiopyrimidine polyribonucleotides and extreme thermophile tRNAs.
Short‐term assays for detection of conditional cancerogens I. Construction of DR‐CAT Raji cells and some of their characteristics as tester cells (1992)

A number of agents including the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (TPA) can induce an abortive virus cycle in the EBV-non-producer Burkitt's-lymphoma line Raji. Two distant regions, DL and DR, of the EBV genome with almost complete homology carry strong promoters which are induced in an abortive or lytic cycle and additionally function as lytic origins of viral DNA replication. To set up a system in which the activity of EBV-inducing agents can be measured in a quantitative and reproducible fashion, we generated a cell line which carries multiple copies of a DR-promoter chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase (CAT) construct on an episomal vector. CAT activity is low in untreated cells, but high upon treatment of the cells with various EBV-inducing agents. Combinations of different agents can produce an over-additive effect. The Raji-DR-CAT cell line may provide a simple quantitative and reproducible test system for EBV-inducing agents, especially for tumor promoters which activate protein kinases C.