gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A One-Minute Blood Test Detects Decreased Immune Function and Increased Clinical Risk in COVID-19 Patients (2021)

Abstract Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.
Modeling of twinning in epitaxial (001)-oriented La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films (2005)

Twinning, i.e., the formation of structural domains, in La1−xSrxMnO3 thin films, which grow coherently on (001)-oriented cubic substrates, is explained as a result of shear strain relaxation within the distorted rhombohedral La1−xSrxMnO3 crystal lattice. A one-dimensional periodic model structure of twins is proposed and the nonuniform elastic strains within twinned La1−xSrxMnO3 films are calculated by applying the coherency-defect technique. The strain field depends on the ratio of the domain width and film thickness and exhibits maxima at the triple junctions of the domain boundaries and the film/substrate interface. The equilibrium domain width is derived as a function of the film thickness by minimizing the total energy of the system including contributions from elastic strain and domain-wall energy. From comparison of the theoretical results with recent electron microscope observations of twins the domain-wall energy can be predicted. From the observed average domain width in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films, the domain-wall energy of 1.35mJ∕m2 is suggested. The possibility of a preferred nucleation of the ferromagnetic phase at triple junctions due to spatial strain variations is discussed.
Inhibition of Complement Serine Proteases as a Therapeutic Strategy (2000)

Complement is an important effector system of host defense. It consists of more than 35 proteins, which in their native state either circulate as serum-soluble components of the blood or are associated with cellular membranes. Expression of biological activity requires the activation of the system, which results in the production of protein fragments and protein-protein complexes that interact with specific cellular receptors or directly with the lipid bilayer of cell membranes to mediate acute inflammatory reactions, clearance of foreign molecules and cells, killing of susceptible cells, regulation of adaptive immune responses, and other activities (1). These combined effects are necessary for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms as well as the efficient production of specific antibodies by B cells. However, complement-mediated acute inflammation can also lead to tissue damage under certain conditions such as when an infectious agent cannot be eliminated or when complement activation is initiated by physical injury such as ischemia, burn, or crush injury or by autoimmune reactions (2). In such cases arises the need for effective pharmacological control of the complement activation process and/or its products.
Large-Scale Synthesis of a Selective Inhibitor of the Norepinephrine Transporter: Mechanistic Aspects of Conversion of Indolinone Diol to Indolinone Aminoalcohol and Process Implications (2009)

Development of a scalable synthesis of WAY-315193 is described. Use of LiHMDS as a base and Ti(O-i-Pr)4 as a Lewis acid was optimal for efficient and reproducible addition of indolinone anion to epoxyalcohol. Conversion of indolinone diol to indolinone aminoalcohol was achieved via monotosylation−methylamination. The possibility of selective formation of the amidine side product, as well as its utilization for alternative selective preparation of the target aminoalcohol, was demonstrated.
Enabling large-scale genome editing by reducing DNA nicking (2019)

Abstract To extend the frontier of genome editing and enable the radical redesign of mammalian genomes, we developed a set of dead-Cas9 base editor (dBE) variants that allow editing at tens of thousands of loci per cell by overcoming the cell death associated with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and single-strand breaks (SSBs). We used a set of gRNAs targeting repetitive elements – ranging in target copy number from about 31 to 124,000 per cell. dBEs enabled survival after large-scale base editing, allowing targeted mutations at up to ~13,200 and ~2610 loci in 293T and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), respectively, three orders of magnitude greater than previously recorded. These dBEs can overcome current on-target mutation and toxicity barriers that prevent cell survival after large-scale genome engineering. One Sentence Summary Base editing with reduced DNA nicking allows for the simultaneous editing of &gt;10,000 loci in human cells.
Security Best Practices: A Critical Analysis Using IoT as a Case Study (2022)

Academic research has highlighted the failure of many Internet of Things (IoT) product manufacturers to follow accepted practices, while IoT security best practices have recently attracted considerable attention worldwide from industry and governments. Given current examples of security advice, confusion is evident from guidelines that conflate desired outcomes with security practices to achieve those outcomes. We explore a surprising lack of clarity, and void in the literature, on what (generically) best practice means, independent of identifying specific individual practices or highlighting failure to follow best practices. We consider categories of security advice, and analyze how they apply over the lifecycle of IoT devices. For concreteness in discussion, we use iterative inductive coding to code and systematically analyze a set of 1,013 IoT security best practices, recommendations, and guidelines collated from industrial, government, and academic sources. Among our findings, of all analyzed items, 68% fail to meet our definition of an (actionable) practice, and 73% of all actionable advice relates to the software development lifecycle phase, highlighting the critical position of manufacturers and developers. We hope that our work provides a basis for the community to better understand best practices, identify and reach consensus on specific practices, and find ways to motivate relevant stakeholders to follow them.
User association and load balancing in long term evolution network in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2015)

The exponential growth in mobile data demand is increasing the need for high capacity provisioning. To satisfy this demand, mobile operators are deploying latest generation of cellular technologies, such as Long Term Evolution. Moreover, the non-uniformity in service demand distribution is creating load imbalance on wireless networks. This imbalance reduces the capacity of the networks and various load balancing strategies are being implemented to circumvent it. This paper investigates a geographic load balancing algorithm, called Bubble Oscillation Algorithm in LTE networks and beyond. The BOA is customized to make it feasible in a real LTE network. A realistic test case network in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is used to validate the algorithm and compared it with the default LTE user association criteria, the best Reference Signal Received Power. The numerical results show that, BOA improves users throughput at the cell-edge up to 67.1% as compared to the best RSRP. Considering the number of unassociated users as a second criteria for comparison, service outage for BOA is 7.20% while that of the best RSRP is 40.93% when the service demand is equal to total system capacity, which is a significant improvement.
Female sexual function and the pelvic floor (2009)

Female sexual disorders are prevalent in developed countries, affecting approximately 25–60% of women. Sexual function is an important aspect of quality of life, sparingly investigated in women compared with other quality-of-life areas. A growing interest in female sexuality, mediators and cellular mechanisms affecting the female sexual response is evolving. Increased research has provided appreciation of the complexity of the female sexual cycle and its impact on biologic, psychological and interpersonal factors. Female sexual function is age dependent and closely related to menopause, but dysfunction is also highly prevalent in premenopausal women and can be very distressing for younger women. Pelvic floor functioning is tightly linked to a healthy female sexual cycle and female sexual disorders have often been associated with concomitant pelvic floor disorders. The goals of this paper are to review the definitions, diagnosis and relationship between pelvic floor function and female sexual disorders, and assess the impact of pelvic floor reconstructive surgery on female sexual function.
Prevalence, drug-induced hepatotoxicity, and mortality among patients multi-infected with HIV, tuberculosis, and hepatitis virus (2014)

HIV, HBV, and HCV are risk factors for the development of abnormal LFTs and mortality during anti-TB treatment. TB patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis virus need close follow-up.
Overview of the Development of the Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Demonstration Mission 12.5-kW Hall Thruster (2014)

NASA is developing mission concepts for a solar electric propulsion technology demonstration mission. A number of mission concepts are being evaluated including ambitious missions to near Earth objects. The demonstration of a high-power solar electric propulsion capability is one of the objectives of the candidate missions under consideration. In support of NASA's exploration goals, a number of projects are developing extensible technologies to support NASA's near and long term mission needs. Specifically, the Space Technology Mission Directorate Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Demonstration Mission project is funding the development of a 12.5-kilowatt magnetically shielded Hall thruster system to support future NASA missions. This paper presents the design attributes of the thruster that was collaboratively developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The paper provides an overview of the magnetic, plasma, thermal, and structural modeling activities that were carried out in support of the thruster design. The paper also summarizes the results of the functional tests that have been carried out to date. The planned thruster performance, plasma diagnostics (internal and in the plume), thermal, wear, and mechanical tests are outlined.
Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Waveguides for Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon/III-V Photonics (2018)

Integrated ultra-low-loss waveguides are highly desired for integrated photonics to enable applications that require long delay lines, high-Q resonators, narrow filters, etc. Here, we present an ultra-low-loss silicon waveguide on 500 nm thick Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) platform. Meter-scale delay lines, million-Q resonators and tens of picometer bandwidth grating filters are experimentally demonstrated. We design a low-loss low-reflection taper to seamlessly integrate the ultra-low-loss waveguide with standard heterogeneous Si/III-V integrated photonics platform to allow realization of high-performance photonic devices such as ultra-low-noise lasers and optical gyroscopes.
Integrated Fibre Detection Architectures for Distributed Quantum Magnetometry (2019)

Here we constructed a water-immersible 90-meter-long fully-integrated fiber system that allows distributed quantum magnetic sensing over large distances with a sensitivity of 63 nT Hz-1/2. Applications include remote detection of ferrous metals geophysics and biosensing. © 2019 The Author(s)
Data Supplement from Reversible LSD1 Inhibition Interferes with Global EWS/ETS Transcriptional Activity and Impedes Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Nine-Gene Panel qRT-PCR Validation p-values.&lt;/p&gt;
Review: Treatment and reuse of wastewater from the textile wet‐processing industry: Review of emerging technologies (1998)

New ecolabels for textile products and tighter restrictions on wastewater discharges are forcing textile wet processors to reuse process water and chemicals. This challenge has prompted intensive research in new advanced treatment technologies, some of which currently making their way to full-scale installations. These comprise polishing treatments such as filtration, chemical oxidation and specialized flocculation techniques and pre-treatment steps including anaerobic digestion, fixed-film bioreactors, Fenton's reagent oxidation, electrolysis, or foam flotation. Though several of these new technologies are promising in terms of cost and performance, they all suffer limitations which require further research and/or need broader validation. A segment of the research deals with the separate handling of specific sub-streams such as dyebath effluents to which membrane filtration is sometimes applied. The main limitation of this approach is the treatment of the concentrate stream. The spectrum of available technologies may, in the future, be further broadened to include fungi/H2O2-driven oxidation, specialized bio-sorptive processes, solvent extraction, or photocatalysis. © 1998 SCI
A Tubulin Binding Peptide Targets Glioma Cells Disrupting Their Microtubules, Blocking Migration, and Inducing Apoptosis (2012)

Despite aggressive treatment regimes, glioma remains a largely fatal disease. Current treatment limitations are attributed to the precarious locations within the brain where such tumors grow, their highly infiltrative nature precluding complete resection and lack of specificity among agents capable of attenuating their growth. Here, we show that in vitro, glioma cells of diverse origins internalize a peptide encompassing a tubulin-binding site (TBS) on the neurofilament light protein. The internalized peptide disrupts the microtubule network, inhibits migration and proliferation, and leads to apoptosis. Using an intracerebral transplant model, we show that most, if not all, of these responses to peptide exposure also occur in vivo. Notably, a single intratumor injection significantly attenuates tumor growth, while neither peptide uptake nor downstream consequences are observed elsewhere in the host nervous system. Such preferential uptake suggests that the peptide may have potential as a primary or supplementary glioblastoma treatment modality by exploiting its autonomous microtubule-disrupting activity or engaging its capacity to selectively target glioma cells with other cell-disrupting cargos.
Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferative responses by ribavirin (1980)

When added to cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) inhibited antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferative responses as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Dose-dependent suppressive effects were obtained when concentrations of 5 to 60 microgram of ribavirin per ml were added at culture initiation or up to 96 h thereafter. Ribavirin inhibited [3H]uridine and [3H]leucine incorporation by concanavalin A-activated and normal lymphocytes although not as severely as deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. The capacity of ribavirin to interfere with lymphoproliferative responses was entirely reversed by guanosine and, to a lesser extent, by adenosine and xanthosine. These studies demonstrate that ribavirin is a reversible inhibitor of lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis and suggest that the drug may be immunosuppressive when administered in vivo.
Supplementary Figure S4 from The Vigorous Immune Microenvironment of Microsatellite Instable Colon Cancer Is Balanced by Multiple Counter-Inhibitory Checkpoints (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4. PD-L1 induction on human CRC cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 15650: The Effect of Perhexiline on Myocardial Protection during Coronary Artery Surgery: a Two-Centre Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial (2011)

Objectives: Perhexiline is a metabolic modulator that is thought to inhibit mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase, reducing fatty acid metabolism and increasing carbohydrate utilisation. We ...
ChemInform Abstract: Polymerization of Olefins Catalyzed by a Palladium Complex in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION AND TOPOGRAPHY DURING A SHORT PERIOD BY APPLYING SfM-MVS TECHNIQUE (2018)

本研究ではポールカメラと呼ばれる簡易な高所撮影手法を用いてSfM-MVS解析を適用することで，対象地域の標高データやオルソ画像の作成を高頻度で実施し，草本の進出した河道における微地形の変遷について検討を行った．補足的に実施した河床変動解析の結果と比較すると，堆積傾向にある領域では草本が倒伏した上で主たる河床材料に容易に被覆され得ること，また浸食傾向にある場所では，一旦進出した草本が細粒土砂を保持したままで微高地の群落を維持し得ることがわかった．
Ultrashallow and Low-Leakage p+n Junction Formation by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) and Low-Temperature Post-Implantation Annealing (2001)

p + n junctions are fabricated by the combination of BF 3 plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and low-temperature post-implantation annealing. Ultrashallow junctions and very low leakage currents (∼10 -11 A at -1 V in 1 mm 2 junctions) have been obtained. Despite the fact that the activation of the PIII layer is not sufficient, the I – V characteristics obtained are comparable to those of junctions formed by conventional ion implantation. By a combination of Si + preamorphization and BF 3 PIII aimed to improve the dopant activation, a maximum surface concentration of activated boron higher than 10 20 cm -3 is obtained in 550°C annealing for p + n junctions with 5 nm depth. The leakage currents, however, are increased by the Si + implantation in low-temperature post-implantation annealing.
Weak nuclear spin singlet relaxation mechanisms revealed by experiment and computation (2021)

Nuclear spin singlet states are often found to allow long lived storage of nuclear magnetization, which can form the basis of novel applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and in studies of dynamic processes. Precisely how long such polarization remains intact, and which factors affect its lifetime is often difficult to determine and predict. We present a combined experimental/computational study to demonstrate that molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations can be used to fully account for the experimentally observed singlet lifetimes in an organic molecule in solution. %Intermolecular interactions with Cl nuclei of the chloroform solvent are shown to contribute significantly to the relaxation. Paramagnetic relaxation due to dissolved oxygen is taken into account in a self-consistent manner. The correspondence between experiment and simulations is achieved without adjustable parameters. These studies highlight the importance of considering unusual and difficult-to-control mechanisms, such as dipolar couplings to low-gamma solvent nuclei, and to residual paramagnetic species, which often can represent lifetime limiting factors. These results also point to the power of molecular dynamics simulations to provide insights into little-known NMR relaxation mechanisms.
SARS-CoV-2 emergence very likely resulted from at least two zoonotic events (2022)

Understanding the circumstances that lead to pandemics is critical to their prevention. Here, we analyze the pattern and origin of genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 early in the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that the SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity prior to February 2020 comprised only two distinct viral lineages—denoted A and B—with no transitional haplotypes. Novel phylodynamic rooting methods, coupled with epidemic simulations, indicate that these two lineages were the result of at least two separate cross-species transmission events into humans. The first zoonotic transmission likely involved lineage B viruses and occurred in late-November/early-December 2019 and no earlier than the beginning of November 2019, while the introduction of lineage A likely occurred within weeks of the first event. These findings define the narrow window between when SARS-CoV-2 first jumped into humans and when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported. Hence, as with SARS-CoV-1 in 2002 and 2003, SARS-CoV-2 emergence likely resulted from multiple zoonotic events.
Electrical‐hydraulic relationships observed for unconsolidated sediments in the presence of a cobble framework (2014)

Abstract Mechanistic models now exist to predict hydraulic conductivity ( K ) from the spectral‐induced polarization (SIP) response of granular media. We examined the predictions of such a model on unconsolidated coarse fluvial sediments and compared them to those obtained with a modified Kozeny‐Carman (KC) model. Samples were retrieved from the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site (BHRS), located on a gravel bar adjacent to the Boise River, Idaho. A sample holder (0.102 m diameter and 0.12 m in length) was designed to include the cobble framework in reconstituted samples representing the primary stratigraphic units defined based on porosity variation at this site. SIP (0.001–1000 Hz) and K (from Darcy tests) measurements were recorded for 12 samples, with SIP measurements made as a function of pore fluid conductivity (3–300 mS/m), grain size distribution (GSD), and total porosity. K prediction with the KC model was improved after discounting of the cobble framework and multiplying by the tortuosity resulting from matrix “capillaries” around the cobbles, resulting in estimates within a factor of 5 of the measurements. K prediction with a mechanistic SIP model based on Stern layer polarization (SLP model) that requires an estimate of the GSD also required discounting for the cobble framework to obtain estimates within 0.5 orders of magnitude of the measurements. Similarly, the SLP model overpredicts the measured imaginary conductivity ( ) unless the cobble framework is discounted, which then results in estimates of within a factor of 2 of the measurements. This can be explained by the fact that the cobbles polarize at frequencies well below the minimum measurement frequency (0.001 Hz). The SLP model for K prediction parameterized in terms of the formation factor and imaginary conductivity performed well for the 10 samples with a cobble framework without modification as the imaginary conductivity directly senses the matrix grain size characteristics, whereas the formation factor captures the porosity reduction and tortuosity resulting from the presence of the cobble framework (capillary tortuosity). Our findings suggest that the estimation of contrasts in K in coarse sediments may be achievable through measurements of electrical properties after appropriate consideration of the cobble fraction.
Dramatic Improvement of Vfb Shift and Gmmax with Ultra-thin and Ultra-low-leakage SiN-based SiON Gate Dielectrics (2007)

The understanding of the mechanism of V fb shift and the improvement of the [N]-V fb shift relationship are essential for realizing SiON film with superior device performance. By forming the smooth SiN film with high-density N-Si 3 structure and suppressing the deterioration of Si-N network due to oxidation, SiON films dramatically improved in terms of the [N]-V fb shift relationship, with ultra-thin EOT (0.71 nm), ultra-low leakage current (134 A/cm 2 ) and high G m max (115%), are realized. The middle temperature and low-pressure nitridation and the optimization of oxidation conditions are the keys to forming defect-free perfect Si 3 N 4 and SiON films and to achieving these performances.