gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of hole leakage and impact ionization currents in bistable metal&#8212;tunnel-oxide&#8212;semiconductor junctions (1984)

The electron tunneling, oxide hole transport, and hot-electron impact ionization currents in bistable metal-tunnel-oxide-semiconductor (MTOS) junctions have been measured using a novel charge-coupled device charge packet insertion transient technique, and by steady-state hole injection. Good agreement was obtained between the two techniques. An electron-to-hole oxide current ratio in the range of 20-40 was observed for a 33-Å tunnel oxide. In addition, the impact ionization hole generation current was found to be 2-5 percent of the electron tunneling current. This excess hole generation appears to be balanced in the stable high current state by back diffusion from a super-inverted semiconductor surface. The impact ionization phenomenon results in a newly discovered voltage controlled n-type negative resistance when the MTOS junction is coupled to an adjacent p-n junction through the use of an intermediate control gate.
[Objective evaluation of the immunogenic effectiveness of polyvalent vaccines against enteral infections of newborn calves under enzootic conditions]. (1989)

For evaluating the protective effect of polyvalent vaccine against diarrhoea in new born calves caused by rotaviruses, coronaviruses and enterotoxigenic E. coli the method was selected of mathematical and statistical analysis of the set of data characterizing the most important clinical symptoms of the disease during the first three weeks after birth. In two large-scale breeds with a mass occurrence of diarrhoea of the known etiology the state of health of calves before the vaccine application was compared with the state of health of calves born in the period after the vaccination. The following traits were selected for evaluating the severity of the disease: the age of calf at the beginning of the disease, character and intensity of diarrhoea, length of disease and results of treatment. In all the selected indicators, statistically significant differences were determined pointing to the fact that the vaccine used for increasing the immunity against enteropathogenic viruses and bacteria, applied in high pregnant cows and heifers before parturition, protected the sucking calves and calves fed the milk of their mothers against the disease in the first week after birth. The diarrhoea, occurring in the calves of the vaccinated cows and heifers mostly during the second week of age was easy to treat therapeutically and ended in most cases after a short period of a tea diet. After the vaccination, the death loss in both localities decreased more than eight times.
Metabolic determinants of embryonic development and stem cell fate (2014)

Decoding stem cell metabolism has implicated a tight linkage between energy metabolism and cell fate regulation, a dynamic interplay vital in the execution of developmental and differentiation programs. The inherent plasticity in energy metabolism enables prioritisation of metabolic pathways in support of stage-specific demands. Beyond traditional support of energetic needs, intermediate metabolism may also dictate cell fate choices through regulation of cellular signalling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The notion of a 'metabolism-centric' control of stem cell differentiation has been informed by developmental embryogenesis based upon an on-demand paradigm paramount in defining diverse developmental behaviours, from a post-fertilisation nascent zygote to complex organogenesis leading to adequate tissue formation and maturation. Monitored through natural or bioengineered stem cell surrogates, nutrient-responsive metabolites are identified as mediators of cross-talk between metabolic flux, cell signalling and epigenetic regulation charting, collectively, whether a cell will self-renew to maintain progenitor pools, lineage specify to ensure tissue (re)generation or remain quiescent to curb stress damage. Thus, bioenergetics are increasingly recognised as integral in governing stemness and associated organogenic decisions, paving the way for metabolism-defined targets in control of embryology, stem cell biology and tissue regeneration.
Activin A forms a non-signaling complex with ACVR1 and type II Activin/BMP receptors via its finger 2 tip loop (2020)

Activin A functions in BMP signaling in two ways: it either engages ACVR1B to activate Smad2/3 signaling or binds ACVR1 to form a non-signaling complex (NSC). Although the former property has been studied extensively, the roles of the NSC remain unexplored. The genetic disorder fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) provides a unique window into ACVR1/Activin A signaling because in that disease Activin can either signal through FOP-mutant ACVR1 or form NSCs with wild-type ACVR1. To explore the role of the NSC, we generated 'agonist-only' Activin A muteins that activate ACVR1B but cannot form the NSC with ACVR1. Using one of these muteins, we demonstrate that failure to form the NSC in FOP results in more severe disease pathology. These results provide the first evidence for a biological role for the NSC in vivo and pave the way for further exploration of the NSC's physiological role in corresponding knock-in mice.
Accuracy of source localization based on squared-range least squares (SR-LS) criterion (2009)

An estimator for source localization from range measurements was recently proposed by Beck, Stoica, and Li. The method is based on minimizing a least squares criterion for the squared-ranges (SR-LS), and a key advantage is that the global minimum of the SR-LS criterion can be computed efficiently. If the range measurements are modeled with additive, Gaussian noise, then the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator minimizes the LS criterion based on the ranges (R-LS). However, no computationally efficient algorithm is currently known for finding the global minimum of R-LS, so it is useful to study the sensitivity of SR-LS to additive noise. We compare the asymptotic (large sample) accuracy of source location estimates based on the R-LS and SR-LS criteria to study the robustness of SR-LS to additive noise on the range measurements. The asymptotic covariance of SR-LS is equal to or greater than R-LS, and we provide compact matrix expressions for the difference. The covariance expressions are analyzed to gain insight regarding sensor geometries for which SR-LS is more sensitive to noise than R-LS. The case of three sensors is analyzed completely, and while sensor configurations exist for which the difference is unbounded, we show that these are peculiar limiting cases and that the difference is bounded in cases of practical interest.
Capteur d'humidité basé sur l'utilisation de nanofils de Silicium (2013)

National audience
Synthesis of polyphosphates by the polyaddition of bisphenol-S diglycidyl ether and aryl phosphorodichloridates (1997)

In this study, we synthesized polyphosphates with reactive pendant chloromethyl groups by an addition reaction of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-S (bisphenol-S epoxy, BPSE) with aryl phosphorodichloridates. The polyphosphates obtained were characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectra, elemental analysis, TGA, DSC, X-ray diffraction, and molar mass measurement. The polyaddition proceeded very smoothly in aromatic solvents catalyzed by quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide to produce a polymer having a high molecular weight. Polymer B, containing a bromine atom in the phenyl ring side chain, has the higher Tg value (Tg = 58°C) than the polyphosphate derived from phenoxy dichlorophosphate (PDCP). Polymer A derived from PDCP begins to lose 10% of its mass at 278°C, and the mass percentage remaining at 700°C is 44% under nitrogen. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all the subsequent polyphosphates are amorphous. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2365–2369, 1997
Spatiotemporal dynamics of current-density filaments in a periodically driven multilayered semiconductor device (1999)

Results of numerical calculations of a set of reaction-diffusion equations for silicon ${p}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{n}^{+}\ensuremath{-}p\ensuremath{-}{n}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ devices under dc and ac bias are presented. For pure dc bias, we observe self-sustained oscillations of the device voltage accompanied with pendulumlike oscillations of a current-density filament. By imposing an ac bias the device voltage shows frequency locking, quasiperiodicity, and chaos depending on the amplitude and the frequency of the ac bias. It is shown that the global oscillations are connected with corresponding frequency-locked, quasiperiodic, and chaotic filament motions. The numerical results reproduce the bifurcation sequences observed recently in experiments on multilayered silicon structures.
Thermoacoustic Flame Response of Swirl Flames (2002)

The operating range of heavy duty gas turbines featuring lean premix combustion to achieve low Nox emissions may be limited by thermoacoustic oscillations. The most promising way to extend the operational envelope of the gas turbine is to modify the burner outlet conditions which itself strongly affect the flame response on acoustic perturbations. The objective of the present paper is the analysis and prediction of the flame response of premixed swirl flames which are typical for gas turbine combustion. The flame response has been determined experimentally by measuring the velocity fluctuations of a forced pulsated burner flow with hot wire probes and the resulting heat release fluctuations OH radiation. The experimentally determined flame response function for the swirl premixed flame follows almost a time lag law. Hence, reasonable agreement has been found between measurements and calculations using a time lag model.
An Investigation into the Etiological Agents of Swine Dysentery in Australian Pig Herds (2016)

Swine dysentery (SD) is a mucohemorrhagic colitis, classically seen in grower/finisher pigs and caused by infection with the anaerobic intestinal spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. More recently, however, the newly described species Brachyspira hampsonii and Brachyspira suanatina have been identified as causing SD in North America and/or Europe. Furthermore, there have been occasions where strains of B. hyodysenteriae have been recovered from healthy pigs, including in multiplier herds with high health status. This study investigated whether cases of SD in Australia may be caused by the newly described species; how isolates of B. hyodysenteriae recovered from healthy herds compared to isolates from herds with disease; and how contemporary isolates compare to those recovered in previous decades, including in their plasmid gene content and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In total 1103 fecal and colon samples from pigs in 97 Australian herds were collected and tested. Of the agents of SD only B. hyodysenteriae was found, being present in 34 (35.1%) of the herds, including in 14 of 24 (58%) herds that had been considered to be free of SD. Multilocus sequence typing applied to 96 isolates from 30 herds and to 53 Australian isolates dating from the 1980s through the early 2000s showed that they were diverse, distinct from those reported in other countries, and that the 2014/16 isolates generally were different from those from earlier decades. These findings provided evidence for ongoing evolution of B. hyodysenteriae strains in Australia. In seven of the 20 herds where multiple isolates were available, two to four different sequence types (STs) were identified. Isolates with the same STs also were found in some herds with epidemiological links. Analysis of a block of six plasmid virulence-associated genes showed a lack of consistency between their presence or absence and their origin from herds currently with or without disease; however, significantly fewer isolates from the 2000s and from 2014/16 had this block of genes compared to isolates from the 1980s and 1990s. It is speculated that loss of these genes may have been responsible for the occurrence of milder disease occurring in recent years. In addition, fewer isolates from 2014/16 were susceptible to the antimicrobials lincomycin, and to a lesser extent tiamulin, than those from earlier Australian studies. Four distinct multi-drug resistant strains were identified in five herds, posing a threat to disease control.
Coherence-Based Performance Guarantees for Estimating a Sparse Vector Under Random Noise (2010)

We consider the problem of estimating a deterministic sparse vector x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> from underdetermined measurements A x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> + w, where w represents white Gaussian noise and A is a given deterministic dictionary. We provide theoretical performance guarantees for three sparse estimation algorithms: basis pursuit denoising (BPDN), orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), and thresholding. The performance of these techniques is quantified as the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> distance between the estimate and the true value of x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . We demonstrate that, with high probability, the analyzed algorithms come close to the behavior of the oracle estimator, which knows the locations of the nonzero elements in x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Our results are non-asymptotic and are based only on the coherence of A, so that they are applicable to arbitrary dictionaries. This provides insight on the advantages and drawbacks of l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> relaxation techniques such as BPDN and the Dantzig selector, as opposed to greedy approaches such as OMP and thresholding.
Automatic identification of best entry points for focused structured document retrieval (2003)

Focussed structured document retrieval employs the concept of best entry points (BEPs), which are intended to provide optimal starting-points from which users can browse to relevant document components. This paper describes two small-scale studies, using experimental data from the Shakespeare user study, which developed and evaluated different approaches to the problem of automatic identification of BEPs.
A microwave-assisted polyol method for the deposition of silver nanoparticles on silica spheres (2007)

This paper describes a new method for coating ceramic bodies with silver nanoparticles. Microwave dielectric heating was used for this purpose. Silver nanoparticles with an average size of ~20 nm were coated on the silica surface by first opening the siloxane bonds into silanols. In the second stage, the metallic nanoparticles were deposited using a polyol reaction. A plausible mechanism for the role of the microwaves in the silver deposition on the silica spheres is proposed.
Advanced Analytics for Intelligent Society (2012)

Fujitsu Laboratories is analyzing and utilizing various types of data on the behavior and actions of people and society, as well as environmental change. In this way, it is proceeding with R&D on Intelligent Society to achieve a more prosperous and secure society. This paper focuses on two new types of data. The first one is social media including blogs, Twitter, and social networking services (SNS). The second is data obtained from various types of sensors such as mobile phones, automobiles, and environmental sensors. These data are very different from business data that traditional analytic technologies deal with in business intelligence applications. To realize Intelligent Society, we are researching new and advanced technologies to analyze such data. This paper introduces three of the technologies: social media analysis, optimization and spatiotemporal data processing.
Endothelin Inhibition Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy Revealing Mechanical Biomarkers Predictive of Response (Adv. Therap. 9/2021) (2021)

Bosentan, an endothelin-receptor blocker, can both normalize the tumor microenvironment, reprograming fibroblasts and reducing collagen thereby decompressing tumor blood vessels, and also increase T cell adhesion to the tumor vasculature. Together these effects significantly improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. In addition, mechanical biomarkers derived from ultrasound elastography can predict the tumor response to immunotherapy. This is reported by John D. Martin, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, and co-workers in article number 2000289.
Ab-Initio calculations of binding energy of In and Ga adatoms on three GaAs(111)A surface reconstructions (2011)

Calculations of the potential energy surface for tracer Ga and In adatoms above three GaAs (111)A surface reconstructions are presented in order to understand the growth conditions required to form axial heterostructures in GaAs/InGaAs nano-pillars. In all calculations the Ga adatom has a stronger bond energy to the surface than the In adatom. The diffusion barriers for Ga adatoms are 140meV larger than for In adatoms on the Ga vacancy surface, but they are comparable on the As trimer surface. Also the binding energy for an In adatom is closer to that of a Ga adatom on the As trimer surface. We conclude that the As trimer surface is preferable for adsorption of In and thus for selective formation of hetero-interfaces on (111) facets. This work helps explain the recent successful formation of axial GaAs/InGaAs hetero-interfaces in catalyst free nano-pillars.
Abstract 2535: Synergistic anti-tumor activity of the Notch gamma secretase inhibitor BMS-906024 and paclitaxel in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (2015)

Abstract Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in approximately one third of non-small cell lung cancer cases, primarily through loss of the endogenous Notch inhibitor, Numb, or via gain-of-function mutations in the Notch1 receptor. Notch activity is associated with poor overall survival among non-small cell lung cancer patients whose tumors are wildtype for TP53. We set out to evaluate the combination of Notch-targeted therapy with front-line chemotherapy as an effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Our study focused on lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histological subtype in lung cancer. To target Notch, we utilized the gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) BMS-906024 which inhibits Notch activation. BMS-906024 is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials for patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and metastatic solid tumors, including lung cancer. Human cell lines representing the major genetic subtypes of lung cancer, most of which were derived from adenocarcinomas, underwent MTS drug synergy assays consisting of treatment with BMS-906024, cisplatin or paclitaxel, or the combination of GSI and chemotherapy. The dosing and timing for BMS-906024 administration were optimized by examination of maximal Notch1 inhibition. Analysis of the drug effects with CalcuSyn yielded Combination Index (CI) values, in which a CI of 0.5 or less was considered as strong synergism for the drug combination. We found that there were significantly lower CI values for the GSI BMS-906024 combined with paclitaxel than with cisplatin (average CI = 0.54 vs 0.85, respectively; P = 0.001). We then grouped the cell lines by major genetic subtype (wildtype versus mutant or null for EGFR, Kras or TP53). The synergy between BMS-906024 and paclitaxel was significantly greater in Kras-wildtype than Kras-mutant cells (average CI = 0.39 vs 0.68, respectively; P = 0.009), while there was no correlation with EGFR or TP53 status. These results are a step toward identification of potential biomarkers that could be used to predict patient response to Notch-targeted therapy, which could have a positive impact on the care of lung adenocarcinoma patients and be informative for treatment decisions. Citation Format: Katherine M. Morgan, Francis Lee, Erin Michaud, Joseph R. Bertino, Bruce S. Fischer, Sharon R. Pine. Synergistic anti-tumor activity of the Notch gamma secretase inhibitor BMS-906024 and paclitaxel in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2535. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2535
Self-aligned nickel, cobalt/tantalum nitride stacked-gate pMOSFETs fabricated with a low temperature process after metal electrode deposition (2003)

This letter reports the first replacement (Damascene) metal gate pMOSFETs fabricated with Ni/TaN, Co/TaN stacked electrode, where Ni or Co is in direct contact with the gate SiO/sub 2/, to adjust the electrode metal work function and TaN is used as the filling material for the gate electrode to avoid wet etching and CMP problems. The process is similar to the fabrication of traditional self-aligned polysilicon gate MOSFETs, except that in the back end (after the source/drain implants are activated) a few processing steps are added to replace the polysilicon with metal. Our data show that the Ni or Co/TaN gate electrode has the right work function for the pMOSFETs. The metal gate process can reduce the gate resistivity. Thermal stability of the stacked electrodes is studied and the result is reported in this paper. The damascene process flow bypasses high temperature steps (> 400/spl deg/C)critical for metal gate and hi k materials. This paper demonstrates that a low temperature anneal (300/spl deg/C) can improve the device performance. In this paper, the gate dielectrics is SiO/sub 2/.
TV Black-space Spectrum Access for Wireless Local Area and Cellular Networks (2012)

This thesis presents a black-space spectrum access scheme for overlay cognitive radio in TV band. Physical layer implementations of secondary systems using software defined radio technology have been proposed. We consider two types of secondary transmitters with WLAN-type and LTE-type frame structures in order to study the impact of secondary transmission over primary pilot carriers on performances of channel estimation and interference cancellation algorithms. Bit error rate has been used as performance metric, and performances of the two secondary systems have been presented in different scenarios. The effect of secondary transmitters interference power level on performances of primary and secondary receivers has been investigated.
Class-uniformly resolvable designs with block sizes 2 and 3 (1996)

In this article we consider restricted resolvable designs (RRP) with block sizes 2 and 3 that are class uniform. A characterization scheme is developed, based on the ratio a:b of pairs to triples, and necessary conditions are provided for the existence of these designs based on this characterization. We show asymptotic existence results when (a,b) = (1, 2n), n ≥ 1 and when (a,b) = (9, 2). We also study the specific cases when (a,b) = (1, 2n), 1 ≤ n ≤ 5, (a,b) = (3, 6u−2), u ≥ 1 and when (a,b) E {(1, 1), (3, 1), (7, 2), (3, 4), (9, 2)}. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.