gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute CD4 T-Cell Counting in Resource-Poor Settings (2005)

Flow cytometry is an accurate but expensive method to determine absolute CD4 cell counts. We compared different methods to measure absolute CD4 counts in blood samples from HIV-infected and uninfected subjects using a research/clinical flow cytometer (FACScan); a dedicated clinical instrument (FACSCount); and a volumetric, mobile, open-system flow cytometer equipped with 3 fluorescence and 2 light scatter detectors (Cyflow SL blue). The FACScan and Cyflow were used as single-platform instruments, but they differ in running cost, which is a central factor for resource-poor settings. Direct volumetric and bead-based CD4 measurements on the Cyflow were compared with 2 bead-based single-platform CD4 measurements on the FACSCount and on FACScan (TruCount) in "Le Dantec" Hospital, Dakar, Senegal, using whole blood samples from 102 HIV+ and 28 HIV- subjects. The agreement between the various measurement methods was evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. Volumetric CD4 measurements on the Cyflow using a no-lyse-no-wash (NLNW) procedure and a lyse-no-wash (LNW) procedure correlated well with each other (R2 = 0.98) and with CD4 measurements on the FACSCount (R2 = 0.97) and FACScan (R2 = 0.97), respectively. Red blood cell lysis had no negative effect on the accuracy of absolute CD4 counting on the Cyflow. An excellent correlation was observed between bead-based CD4 measurements on the Cyflow and CD4 measurements on the FACSCount (R2 = 0.99) and FACScan (R2 = 0.99). Rigid internal and external quality control monitoring and adequate training of technicians were considered essential to generate accurate volumetric CD4 measurements on the Cyflow.
EMF1, A Novel Protein Involved in the Control of Shoot Architecture and Flowering in Arabidopsis (2001)

Shoot architecture and flowering time in angiosperms depend on the balanced expression of a large number of flowering time and flower meristem identity genes. Loss-of-function mutations in the Arabidopsis EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes cause Arabidopsis to eliminate rosette shoot growth and transform the apical meristem from indeterminate to determinate growth by producing a single terminal flower on all nodes. We have identified the EMF1 gene by positional cloning. The deduced polypeptide has no homology with any protein of known function except a putative protein in the rice genome with which EMF1 shares common motifs that include nuclear localization signals, P-loop, and LXXLL elements. Alteration of EMF1 expression in transgenic plants caused progressive changes in flowering time, shoot determinacy, and inflorescence architecture. EMF1 and its related sequence may belong to a new class of proteins that function as transcriptional regulators of phase transition during shoot development.
Supplementary Figure from COX-2 Inhibitors Decrease Expression of PD-L1 in Colon Tumors and Increase the Influx of Type I Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (2023)

Supplementary Figure from COX-2 Inhibitors Decrease Expression of PD-L1 in Colon Tumors and Increase the Influx of Type I Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
Sub-30 nm pitch line-space patterning of semiconductor and dielectric materials using directed self-assembly (2012)

The authors demonstrate pattern transfer of 29-nm-pitch self-assembled line-space polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) patterns generated by graphoepitaxy into three important materials for semiconductor device integration: silicon, silicon nitride, and silicon oxide. High fidelity plasma etch transfer with production-style reactors was achieved through co-optimization of multilayer masking film stacks and reactor conditions. The authors present a systematic study of the line edge roughness (LER) and line width roughness evolution during pattern transfer. Application of a postetch annealing process shows reduction of the LER of silicon features from around ∼3 nm to less than 1.5 nm. These results further demonstrate that directed self-assembly-based patterning may be a suitable technique for semiconductor device manufacturing.
Mobility experiences of adult lower limb orthosis users: a focus group study (2021)

The current study findings may assist clinicians in developing strategies to optimize orthosis users' mobility in different situations. Experiences described by participants in this study may also help researchers identify aspects of mobility most pertinent to orthosis users and inform the development of new outcome measures.Implications for RehabilitationPeople who use lower-limb orthoses share common mobility experiences, despite differences in health diagnoses.Orthosis users often have opportunities to modify their mobility by choosing to use or not use their brace(s) and/or handheld mobility aids.When providing mobility aid interventions, clinicians should consider how each patient's individual characteristics, including physical characteristics (e.g., the health condition and how it presents, pain, fatigue) and psychosocial characteristics (e.g., fear and confidence, self-motivation, emotional responses), can affect mobility.Clinicians may be able to help patients optimize their mobility by asking about environmental obstacles they regularly encounter and recommending strategies for utilization of mobility aids, including simultaneous use of multiple aids, use of one aid, or choosing not to use any aids, depending on the activity and situation.Clinicians should inquire about all mobility aids available to a patient at home and in the community, including fixed objects, and consider how new mobility aid interventions might affect the patient's mobility when used alone and in combination with other forms of assistance.
Development of a system for passive and active CAVH (1986)

当施設においてcontinuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) を31症例について施行した. これらの症例を分類し, なおかつ臨床経験をもとにCAVHの問題点について検討を行った.その結果は濾液・補充液バランス装置を用いて積極的に溶質除去を行うactive CAVH (mildなHF) が31症例 (52%), 通常のCAVH (passive CAVH) が11例 (35%) となり, passiveとactive CAVHの併用症例が4例 (13%) であった. 血液ポンプの使用をした症例は全体の71%となった. またこの治療が長時間に及ぶため夜間の管理, フィルター内における血液凝固が血液回路にまでおよびblood accessの閉塞が惹起されることも多い. われわれはこれらの問題を解消するためpassiveおよびactive CAVH用システムを開発した. システムとしては血液駆動部, 濾液・補充液バランス部とblood acess確保部により構成されている. Passiveおよびactive CAVHに使用した濾過器はAmicon社製Diafilter-20, Gambro社製FH-101, 旭メディカル社製PAN-50, 60Pとニプロ社製UF-50である. 濾過器の性能を濾過係数 (LP) とふるい係数 (SC) で表わしたところLP 22.6±8.6ml/hr/m/mmHgでSCは尿素0.98±0.02, クレアチニン0.94±0.06, イヌリン0.65±0.12でアルブミンは0であった. 体外回路の血液充填量は24mlである.治療時間数は1日-47日で平均の治療時間は8.3日であった. 濾過についてはpassive CAVHの平均濾過量は350ml/hrとなり, active CAVHの置換液量は350-1,000ml/hrであった. 抗凝固薬は全体の65%がヘパリンを用い投薬量は8U/hr/kgとした.われわれはactive CAVHに必要なシステムを開発したが, 本システムはpassive CAVHに切り換えが可能であり, CAVHの特長を最大に生かした装置といえる.
Cross-domain Federated Object Detection (2022)

Detection models trained by one party (including server) may face severe performance degradation when distributed to other users (clients). Federated learning can enable multi-party collaborative learning without leaking client data. In this paper, we focus on a special cross-domain scenario in which the server has large-scale labeled data and multiple clients only have a small amount of labeled data; meanwhile, there exist differences in data distributions among the clients. In this case, traditional federated learning methods can't help a client learn both the global knowledge of all participants and its own unique knowledge. To make up for this limitation, we propose a cross-domain federated object detection framework, named FedOD. The proposed framework first performs the federated training to obtain a public global aggregated model through multi-teacher distillation, and sends the aggregated model back to each client for fine-tuning its personalized local model. After a few rounds of communication, on each client we can perform weighted ensemble inference on the public global model and the personalized local model. We establish a federated object detection dataset which has significant background differences and instance differences based on multiple public autonomous driving datasets, and then conduct extensive experiments on the dataset. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Proposed Framework for Research in Forming Successful Engineering Design Teams (2000)

Abstract Most engineering design is performed by teams. Team formation from a pool of competent designers and engineers is an important factor in helping determine performance potential. This paper is proposes a framework that we have developed to help guide research, and highlights challenges and obstacles that must be addressed in order to improve results in team formation research. A basic framework is presented and used as a basis for reviewing past work in team formation studies. This framework is then expanded to include explicit decisions about team formation and experimental strategy. Three important aspects of the framework that are critical to obtaining significant results about team formation are discussed: experimental strategy, success measures, and the separation of team formation effects from environmental effects. Recommendations for improvement in these areas are presented.
Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated Delivery of a Transcription Factor Decoy Inhibits STAT3 Signaling and Tumor Growth (2015)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in many cancers where it acts to promote tumor progression. A STAT3-specific transcription factor decoy has been developed to suppress STAT3 downstream signaling, but a delivery strategy is needed to improve clinical translation. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has been shown to enhance image-guided local delivery of molecular therapeutics to a target site. The objective of this study was to deliver STAT3 decoy to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors using UTMD to disrupt STAT3 signaling and inhibit tumor growth. Studies performed demonstrated that UTMD treatment with STAT3 decoy-loaded microbubbles inhibited STAT3 signaling in SCC cells in vitro. Studies performed in vivo demonstrated that UTMD treatment with STAT3 decoy-loaded microbubbles induced significant tumor growth inhibition (31-51% reduced tumor volume vs. controls, p < 0.05) in mice bearing SCC tumors. Furthermore, expression of STAT3 downstream target genes (Bcl-xL and cyclin D1) was significantly reduced (34-39%, p < 0.05) in tumors receiving UTMD treatment with STAT3 decoy-loaded microbubbles compared to controls. In addition, the quantity of radiolabeled STAT3 decoy detected in tumors eight hours after treatment was significantly higher with UTMD treatment compared to controls (70-150%, p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that UTMD can increase delivery of a transcription factor decoy to tumors in vivo and that the decoy can inhibit STAT3 signaling and tumor growth. These results suggest that UTMD treatment holds potential for clinical use to increase the concentration of a transcription factor signaling inhibitor in the tumor.
High speed data amplification using hybrid silicon evanescent amplifier (2007)

Data amplification using hybrid silicon evanescent amplifier is demonstrated at bit rates up to 40 Gbps. The amplifier exhibits 13 dB on-chip gain with low power penalty of 0.5 dB. Pattern effects due to carrier lifetime are investigated.
Observation of a resonance in the photodetachment of positronium negative ions (2015)

The positronium negative ion, e−e+e−, is one of the simplest three body bound-states. As its constituents have a unique mass ratio, the ion is an attractive candidate for the investigation of the genuine three-body problem. In the present work, laser spectroscopy of this ion has been demonstrated in the UV region. A shape resonance near the positronium (n=2) formation threshold was clearly observed and the resonance energy was estimated.
Solid-state infrared-to-visible upconversion for sub-bandgap sensitization of photovoltaics (2018)

By harvesting sub-bandgap photons, we have a path to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit in photovoltaics (PVs). We investigate semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) sensitized upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) in organic semiconductors (OSCs). Since this process relies on optically inactive triplet states in the OSCs, we utilize PbS NCs to directly sensitize the triplet state via energy transfer. This is possible due to the strong spin-orbit coupling in PbS NCs, resulting in rapid spin-dephasing of the exciton. Current technology allows for upconversion of light with a photon energy above <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">~</sub> 1.1 eV. However, while internal efficiencies are rapidly improving, the low external device efficiencies render them impractical for applications, as devices are based on a single monolayer of NCs. Our results show simply increasing the PbS NC film thickness does not show improvement in the efficiency due to poor exciton transport between PbS NCs. Here, we present a new strategy to increase the external upconversion efficiency by utilizing thin tinbased halide perovskites as the absorbing layer. Resonant energy transfer from the perovskite to the PbS NCs allows for subsequent sensitization of the triplet state in rubrene.
T cell circuits that sense antigen density with an ultrasensitive threshold (2021)

Overexpressed tumor-associated antigens [for example, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)] are attractive targets for therapeutic T cells, but toxic "off-tumor" cross-reaction with normal tissues that express low levels of target antigen can occur with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Inspired by natural ultrasensitive response circuits, we engineered a two-step positive-feedback circuit that allows human cytotoxic T cells to discriminate targets on the basis of a sigmoidal antigen-density threshold. In this circuit, a low-affinity synthetic Notch receptor for HER2 controls the expression of a high-affinity CAR for HER2. Increasing HER2 density thus has cooperative effects on T cells-it increases both CAR expression and activation-leading to a sigmoidal response. T cells with this circuit show sharp discrimination between target cells expressing normal amounts of HER2 and cancer cells expressing 100 times as much HER2, both in vitro and in vivo.
The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea (1997)

In a survey of five villages in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, Serpulina pilosicoli was isolated from rectal swabs from 113 of 496 individuals (22.8%). Colonization rates ranged from 22.6-30.1% in four of the villages but was only 8.6% in the other village. In comparison colonization was demonstrated in only 5 of 54 indigenous people (9.3%) and none of 76 non-indigenous people living in an urban environment in the same region. Colonization did not relate to reported occurrence of diarrhoea, age, sex, or length of time resident in a village. A second set of 94 faecal specimens was collected from 1 village 6 weeks after the first set. S. pilosicoli was isolated from 27 of 29 individuals (93.1%) who were positive on the first sampling and from 7 of 65 individuals (10.8%) who previously were negative. In this case, isolates were significantly more common in watery stools than in normal stools. The annual incidence of infection in the village was calculated as 93.6%, with an average duration of infection of 117 days. S. pilosicoli could not be isolated from any village pig (n = 126) despite its confirmed presence in 17 of 50 commercial pigs (34.0%) sampled at a local piggery. Four of 76 village dogs (5.3%) and 1 of 2 village ducks were colonized with S. pilosicoli, suggesting the possibility of cross transmission between humans and animals.
Towards Software-Based Real-Time Singles and Coincidence Processing of Digital PET Detector Raw Data (2013)

This paper presents a software-based singles and coincidence processing (SCP) architecture for a digital PET/MR system that is based on SiPM detectors with local digitization coupled to preclinical crystal arrays. Compared with traditional PET systems, our system outputs detector raw data of the individual detector elements via optical Gigabit Ethernet interfaces instead of singles or coincidences. The raw data contains the digitized timestamps, energies, and identifiers of triggered SiPM pixels (hits). Although this approach requires a high bandwidth for the detector data transmission system, the availability of detector raw data offers unique opportunities to employ more accurate and computationally complex, iterative algorithms, which can lead to PET images with higher quality and accuracy. In this paper, we evaluate a parallel software-based SCP for three different crystal position estimation approaches with regard to its real-time capabilities. The SCP receives detector raw data as input and outputs list-mode coincidence data. The investigated PET system features ten singles processing units (SPU), each equipped with two PET detector stacks and a Gigabit Ethernet interface to a data acquisition and processing server (Dell Poweredge R910 equipped with 4× Intel Xeon X7560@2.27 GHz CPUs and 256 GByte DDR3-RAM), allowing lossless real-time acquisition of the entire raw data stream. Using the detector raw data of three previously stored measurements, our results show that the throughput (in Mhits/s) of a center-of-gravity (COG)-based parallel SCP is nearly 4× higher on average than the estimated detector raw data output that is generated from an activity of 37 MBq in the iso-center of the detector ring. Under the same conditions, an iterative maximum-likelihood (ML)-based parallel SCP leads to a 6× higher throughput on average, while a Gaussian-based parallel SCP also results in a 13× higher throughput on average. Compared with a serial processing approach, the parallel implementations show speedups of up to 38× on average for the ML-based, 39× on average for Gaussian-based, and up to 34× on average for the COG-based parallelized SCP for the three previously-stored measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Intrazeolite Topotactic MOCVD. 3‐Dimensional Structure‐Controlled Synthesis of II‐VI Semiconductor Nanoclusters. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Methylprednisolone pulse treatment influences splicing of SFTPC mRNA and promotes processing of pro-SP-C protein in twins with SFTPC mutation (2018)

Glucocorticosteroid (GC) treatment, mainly monthly methylprednisolone pulses, is the most recognized therapy for child interstitial lung disease (ChILD). However, potential side effects have led to questioning its use as a first-line therapeutic. We report successful GC treatment in twins presenting neonatal respiratory distress evolving to ChILD. In both children, DNA analysis revealed the gene encoding surfactant protein C (SFTPC) with a c.556G&gt;A substitution leading to a cysteine-to-tyrosine substitution at amino acid 189 in exon 4. Functional study of this mutation in alveolar A549 cells revealed that the pro-protein pro-SP-CC189Y was retained within the endoplasmic reticulum together with ABCA3, which suggests that pro-SP-CC189Y disrupted lamellar body formation. Study of the pro-SP-CC189Y maturation profile in the children samples before GC treatment revealed an interruption of the pro-SP-C maturation process, which was resumed with GC treatment. Qualitative capillary electrophoresis analysis of SFTPC mRNA in the twins revealed 4 different transcripts corresponding to 2 isoforms. Before GC treatment, the number, size and distribution of variant transcripts did not differ between the twins and the control, but the distribution changed after GC treatment, with a marked increase in variants 3 and 4, and a complete disappearance of variants 1 and 2. These findings suggest a direct effect of GC treatment on SFTPC mRNA splicing leading to modification of the different pro-SP-C isoforms. Further studies of mutated or wild-type isoforms are required to understand the potential role of this mechanism in the GC therapeutic effects.
1.2-km Timing-Stabilized, Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Link with Sub-Femtosecond Residual Timing Jitter (2013)

A 1.2-km timing-stabilized, polarization-maintaining fiber link based on balanced optical cross-correlation was demonstrated with ~0.9 fs RMS timing jitter over 16 days and ~0.2 fs RMS timing jitter over 3 days.
Photocurrent Generation in Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions (2004)

The photocurrent in conjugated polymer-fullerene blends is dominated by the dissociation efficiency of bound electron-hole pairs at the donor-acceptor interface. A model based on Onsager's theory of geminate charge recombination explains the observed field and temperature dependence of the photocurrent in PPV:PCBM blends. At room temperature only 60% of the generated bound electron-hole pairs are dissociated and contribute to the short-circuit current, which is a major loss mechanism in photovoltaic devices based on this material system.
Selective Metathesis of α-Olefins from Bio-Sourced Fischer–Tropsch Feeds (2016)

The search for a low-cost process for the valorization of linear α-olefins combining high productivity and high selectivity is a longstanding goal for chemists. Herein, we report a soluble ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst that performs the conversion of linear α-olefins to longer internal linear olefins with high selectivity (>99%) under neat conditions at low loadings (50 ppm) and without the need of expensive additives. This robust catalytic process allowed us to efficiently and selectively re-equilibrate the naphtha fraction (C5–C8) of a Fischer–Tropsch feed derived from non-petroleum resources to a higher-value product range (C9–C14), useful as detergent and plasticizer precursors.
Sensitivity Analysis of Retrovirus HTLV-1 Transactivation (2011)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is a human retrovirus endemic in many areas of the world. Although many studies indicated a key role of the viral protein Tax in the control of viral transcription, the mechanisms controlling HTLV-1 expression and its persistence in vivo are still poorly understood. To assess Tax effects on viral kinetics, we developed a HTLV-1 model. Two parameters that capture both its deterministic and stochastic behavior were quantified: Tax signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which measures the effect of stochastic phenomena on Tax expression as the ratio between the protein steady-state level and the variance of the noise causing fluctuations around this value; t(1/2), a parameter representative of the duration of Tax transient expression pulses, that is, of Tax bursts due to stochastic phenomena. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the major determinant of Tax SNR is the transactivation constant, the system parameter weighting the enhancement of retrovirus transcription due to transactivation. In contrast, t(1/2) is strongly influenced by the degradation rate of the mRNA. In addition to shedding light into the mechanism of Tax transactivation, the obtained results are of potential interest for novel drug development strategies since the two parameters most affecting Tax transactivation can be experimentally tuned, e.g. by perturbing protein phosphorylation and by RNA interference.
Thermotropic Cubic Phases (1998)

The prelims comprise: Historical Remarks Chemical Structures and Phase Sequences On the Structure of the Cubic Phases Summary References