gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phototransistors Utilizing Individual WS2 Nanotubes (2008)

We report on the photoresponse characteristics of tungsten disulfide (WS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) nanotubes. Field effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated by using individual WS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> multiwall nanotubes. Photo-sensitivity to visible light is clearly observed, with enhancement of the channel conductivity, carrier mobility and carrier concentration upon illumination in the visible regime. Polarization-sensitive measurements reveal a strong anisotropy of the photocurrent on the polarization angle of the incident light with respect to the WS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanotube axis. This nano-scale transistor capable of detecting visible light would have a wide range of applications in medical and consumer electronics.
Monitoring protein crystallization by dynamic light scattering (1989)

Crystallization of lysozymes induced by temperature lowering has been monitored by dynamic light scattering from the onset of supersaturation to the growth of protein crystals up to a noticeable size (150–200 μm). The apparent size of the scatterers was found to increase up to a maximum value as supersaturation proceeded, then to decrease down to its initial value. Apparitions of crystals (20–30 μm) were observed during this decrease. Light scattering is thus proved to be a sensitive technique to follow protein crystallization and to provide useful information on the process.
Search, interrupted (2012)

Many important search tasks require multiple search sessions to complete. Tasks such as travel planning, large purchases, or job searches can span hours, days, or even weeks. Inevitably, life interferes, requiring the searcher either to recover the "state" of the search manually (most common), or plan for interruption in advance (unlikely). The goal of this work is to better understand, characterize, and automatically detect search tasks that will be continued in the near future. To this end, we analyze a query log from the Bing Web search engine to identify the types of intents, topics, and search behavior patterns associated with long-running tasks that are likely to be continued. Using our insights, we develop an effective prediction algorithm that significantly outperforms both the previous state-of-the-art method, and even the ability of human judges, to predict future task continuation. Potential applications of our techniques would allow a search engine to pre-emptively "save state" for a searcher (e.g., by caching search results), perform more targeted personalization, and otherwise better support the searcher experience for interrupted search tasks.
Evolution of a rare sequence of surface transitions with temperature and film thickness (2010)

In free-standing smectic films, layers near the surfaces of the film often contain molecules tilted away from the layer normal, while in the bulk of the film the magnitude of the tilt decays exponentially with distance from the surface. We have identified the detailed molecular tilt orientations in the surface layers of films for one antiferroelectric liquid crystal compound. A series of five surface structures exists with different nonplanar tilt arrangements for each structure. The molecular orientations in the surface layers evolve with temperature. The polarization of the film also evolves with temperature, corresponding to the tilt arrangements. Using ellipsometric data, we reconstruct the changes in the magnitude and azimuthal direction of the tilt as functions of temperature. We have also studied films of several different thicknesses. We present a phase diagram for the five surface structures showing the dependence on temperature and film thickness.
Amphiphilic dendrimers control protein binding and corona formation on liposome nanocarriers (2020)

Amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs) with distinct lipophilic and positively or negatively charged surface groups were adsorbed onto liposomes and their impact on protein adsorption in blood plasma was studied. The PPD corona reduced binding of specific opsonins and increased the adsorption of proteins controlling cellular uptake based on their surface patches.
New approach to time-domain equalization and frequency-domain transient compensation for a DMT-based ADSL system (2002)

In this paper, a new approach to time-domain equalization for a multicarrier transmission system is described. The main idea behind our method is to enhance the performance and simplify the complexity and implementation cost of the well-known FIR-based time equalization algorithm (TEQ), by using a simple high-pass filter for channel response shortening and improving the frequency equalization effects with additional compensation of the remaining transient in a DMT (discrete multitone modulation) symbol. Computer simulations were performed in a DMT-based ADSL simulation platform where three different configurations were tested: (1) 35-tap FIR-based TEQ, (2) shortening filter-based TEQ and (3) shortening filter and transient compensation-based TEQ.
Internal waves’ role in determining probability distribution of coherent integration time near 133 Hertz and 3709 kilometers in North Pacific Ocean. (2011)

The hypothesis tested is that internal gravity waves limit the coherent integration time of sound at 3709 km in the Pacific Ocean at 133 Hz and a pulse resolution of 0.06 s. Five days of continuous transmissions at 2 min intervals are examined. The source and receiver are mounted on the bottom of the ocean with timing governed by atomic clocks. Measured variability is only due to fluctuations in the ocean. A model for the propagation of sound through fluctuating internal waves is run without any tuning with data. Excellent resemblance is found between the model and data’s probability distributions of integration time up to a day, which is the largest lag explored. The probability that the integration exceeds a day or more is about 0.15. The model under-predicts the probability of occurrence of integration times less than 10 min. However, the overwhelming agreement at longer times supports the conclusion that the standard spectrum of internal waves accurately explains almost all of the distribution of measured integration time. The ocean supports very long coherent integration times because its fluctuations cause the acoustic phasors to fluctuate following non-canceling probability distributions. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research Contracts N00014-06-C-0031 and N00014-10-C-0480.]
Increased variability accompanies frontal lobe damage in dementia (2002)

Performance variability on neuropsychological measures is not a unitary phenomenon, and different measures (consistency, dispersion, diversity) evaluate separate elements of variability. It has been suggested that increased variability may be a specific attribute of frontal lobe pathology. This hypothesis was tested in 2 matched groups of demented subjects, 8 with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 5 with frontal lobe dementia (FLD), compared with 10 elderly normal controls (ENC). A Stroop test and Reaction Time measures were administered weekly for 5 weeks to all subjects. Both measures contained three subtests varying in degree of complexity. The results from the Stroop task indicated that the FLD group showed significantly greater variability on measures of consistency (fluctuations over time) and diversity (between participant variability) regardless of the complexity of the subtest. For the Reaction Time subtests, measures of consistency and diversity showed significantly greater variability in FLD, but were affected in a different pattern. Greater variability in terms of consistency of performance was manifested only in the more attentionally demanding of the Reaction Time subtests (Choice Reaction Time, CRT). On the measure of diversity, variable performance was found to be greater on the Simple Reaction Time (SRT) subtest than on the more effortful CRT. Dispersion (within participant variability) was only assessed on the reaction time subtests. The results indicate no significant evidence for an increase in dispersion for the FLD patients. The hypothesis that variability will be increased in frontal lobe dementia is thus confirmed, and the independence of the three forms of variability measurement is demonstrated in dementia subjects.
FFT Optimization for Practical OFDM Implementations (2011)

We investigate scaling the FFT-size in OFDM signal generated with FPGA-DAC set. Increasing FFT-size, creates challenges in optical back-to-back scenario due to less tolerance to phase noise. However, for transmission nonlinear tolerance was the same.
Radiation-Balanced Silica Fiber Amplifier (2021)

We report what we believe to be the first radiation-balanced fiber amplifier-a device that provides optical gain while experiencing no temperature rise. The gain medium is a silica fiber with a 21-μm-diameter core highly doped with Yb^{3+} (2.52 wt. %) and codoped with 2.00 wt. % Al to reduce concentration quenching. The amplifier is core pumped with 1040-nm light to create anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling and gain in the core at 1064 nm. Using a custom slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor with mK resolution, temperature measurements are performed at multiple locations along the amplifier fiber. A 4.35-m fiber pumped with 2.62 W produced 17 dB of gain, while the average fiber temperature remained slightly below room temperature. This advancement is a fundamental step toward the creation of ultrastable lasers necessary to many applications, especially low-noise sensing and high-precision metrology.
Smectic-A-filled birefringent elements and fast switching twisted dual-frequency nematic cells used for digital light deflection (2006)

We describe the application of smectic A (SmA) liquid crystals for beam deflection. SmA materials can be used in digital beam deflectors (DBDs) as fillers for passive birefringent prisms. SmA prisms have high birefringence and can be constructed in a variety of shapes, including single prisms and prismatic blazed gratings of different angles and profiles. We address the challenges of uniform alignment of SmA, such as elimination of focal conic domains. Fast rotation of the incident light polarization in DBDs is achieved by an electrically switched 90-deg twisted nematic (TN) cell.
Fundamental aspects of learning minimally invasive surgical skills (2005)

With the introduction of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) the necessity to develop training methods to learn skills outside the operating room (OR) became clear. Several training simulators have become commercially available. However, fundamental research into the requirements for effective and efficient training in MIS is still lacking. Yet in the literature several learning models have been described that may be used when designing the structure of a training program. While learning skills, three stages can be observed: cognitive, associative and autonomous. The learning cycle also includes different learning styles and, moreover, every trainee has his/her preferred learning style. Furthermore, training should be adapted to the level of behaviour: skill-based, rule-based or knowledge-based. Training of complex skills should include multiple performance objectives, such as just-in-time supportive information and part-task practice. Finally, motivation for training can be created by assessment. In conclusion, several theories on learning can be found in the literature. These theories may help in the development of effective training programs for training MIS skills outside the OR.
Coexistence of Cardiomyopathy and Chronic Liver Disease in Non-Moderate Drinkers (2013)

Introduction: The dose-response relationship suggests a toxic effect of alcohol on heart and liver and the possibility of a correlation between alcohol-induced liver and heart disease. The present study was aimed to look into the relationship between chronic liver and heart muscle disease among the non-moderate drinkers in our context. Methods: An observational study on non-moderate chronic drinkers was carried out. Clinical evaluation along with detail sonographic study of heart and liver was conducted. Results: Fifty-eight percent had echocardiographic features consistent with heart muscle disease, either as a dilated cardiomyopathy, categorized by the presence of echo features of impaired LV systolic function and dilated left ventricle or as a possible cardiomyopathy categorized by the presence of any of these two echo features. Similarly, 56 of the total recruits showed ultrasonographic evidence of chronic liver disease as cirrhosis or early cirrhosis. Approximately, 86% of these 56 non-moderate drinkers with chronic liver disease also had echocardiographic features of heart muscle disease and 83% of the 58 non-moderate drinkers showing echo features of heart muscle disease had ultrasonographic features of chronic liver disease. Conclusions:Our study showed a strongly positive relationship on the coexistence of chronic liver disease and cardiomyopathy among the non-moderate drinkers. Non-moderate drinkers with chronic liver disease have a high likelihood of having a concurrent clinical or sub-clinical heart muscle disease and vice versa. Keywords: alcohol; chronic liver disease; heart muscle disease; non-moderate drinking.
Boundary stress induced by electromagnetic wave (2016)

Electromagnetic wave or light-induced forces have been extensively studied for decades. It has been well known that for an electromagnetic wave propagating in vacuum the photons carrying momentum ħk exert a positive photon pressure on an object. However, in a metamaterial with a negative refractive index, the wave vector k is directed towards the source of radiation. In this case, should electromagnetic wave induce a “tension” instead of a pressure on a material boundary? Using a generic microscopic model that takes into account the underlying microstructure of a metamaterial, we come to a surprising conclusion that the boundary stress induced by an electromagnetic plane wave is in fact indeterminate if only the macroscopic effective permittivity and permeability are specified,although such parameters are sufficient for determining the total force. We found that whether light pulls or pushes the boundary depends on the microscopic lattice symmetry of the polarizable units that constitute the metamaterial. We gave explicit examples to show that the boundary stress has different magnitude and direction in three kinds of lattice systems: namely square, triangle and amorphous, which are designed to have the same effective permittivity and permeability. Such a lattice dependence persists even if the wavelength is much larger than the size of the lattice unit, in which case the effective parameters are very accurate in the usual sense of homogenization theories. If one treats the metamateiral as an effective medium, the boundary stress can be accurately determined using the Helmholtz stress tensor and the lattice symmetry is taken into account by the electrostriction and magnetostriction terms in this tensor.
A Multiplex-PCR Method for Strain Identification and Detailed Phylogenetic Analysis of AY-Group Phytoplasmas (2013)

Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria that cause devastating losses in the yield of diverse crops worldwide. Specific detection and strain identification of phytoplasmas is important to prevent the spread of phytoplasma-induced diseases. Hence, methods to rapidly detect these organisms are important for pest control. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods using phytoplasma-specific primers are widely used to detect phytoplasmas from infected plants and insects because they are highly sensitive, easily handled, and have a variety of analytical secondary applications. The phytoplasma 16S rDNA was widely used as a target of the PCR detection method; however, further target genes and more rapid methods have been required for more specific detection of phytoplasmas. Here, we developed a multiplex-PCR system to amplify several phytoplasma genes. We designed 36 primers, based on the genome sequence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', to amplify 18 single-copy genes covering wide regions of the phytoplasma genome. Nine genes could be simultaneously amplified in a single PCR. This multiplex-PCR was applied to DNAs from 10 phytoplasma strains belonging to the AY-group, and different amplification patterns were obtained between strains, suggesting that this method would allow us to differentiate phytoplasmas at the strain level. Direct sequencing was also possible after the multiplex-PCR amplification by a modified sequencing method. Detailed phylogenetic analysis was performed using concatenated sequences, and evolutionary relationships among four Japanese isolates were revealed, where these strains could not be distinguished by their 16S rDNA. Thus, this multiplex-PCR system is useful for rapid strain identification and detailed phylogenetic analysis of phytoplasmas.
Inhibitory effect of hepatocyte growth factor on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. (1996)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has different effects on different cell types. Recently, it has been reported that HGF has an anti-proliferative effect against tumor cells including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. To clarify whether HGF inhibits the metastasis of HCC cells in vivo, we examined the metastatic potential of HCC cells into liver where HGF was highly expressed in transgenic animals. Three HCC cell lines including HuH7, Hep3B and FaO cells were transplanted into liver through the portal vein in chimeric mice or HGF transgenic mice and athymic nude mice (HGF/nude). The incidence of liver metastasis and number of metastatic tumors were significantly lower in mice expressing HGF (HGF/nude), compared with their siblings expressing no HGF (+/nude) (p < 0.05 and p = 0.002, respectively). These data suggest that HGF really inhibits metastasis of HCC cells in vivo.
Triboluminescence spectroscopy of common candies (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriboluminescence spectroscopy of common candiesJeffrey I. Zink , Rebecca Angelos , and Gordon E. Hardy Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 6, 413Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1979Published inissue 1 June 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ed056p413RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Kullback-Leibler distance optimization for artificial chemo-sensors (2009)

A gas sensor optimization method for odor discrimination is introduced in this paper. The method deals with a performance index widely used in the information theory, namely the Kullback-Leibler distance (KL-distance), which gives a quantitative measure of mutual difference between two probability distributions. We argue that optimizing this index over the controllable operating parameter namely ß (i.e., the operating temperature) of a single sensor will allow maximizing the spread of the odor-class prototypes (i.e., the class centers) in the feature space so that a better discrimination of odorants will be possible. We demonstrate on a sample dataset that finely tuning the operating temperature of a metal oxide sensor based on the suggested criterion not only yields a substantial improvement in classification performance but also warns about the existence of temperatures that cause a total confusion in the odor discrimination.
Pyroelectric properties of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal. (1996)

The effects of temperature and applied voltage on the pyroelectric properties of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal are given. It has been found that the pyroelectric signal depends strongly on the bias voltage across the sample. The pyroelectric signal behaviour is interpreted with the aid of spontaneous polarization data and good agreement is found between the results from the pyroelectric and polarization techniques. The spontaneous polarization of the sample exhibits the temperature- and field-induced `Devil's staircase' behaviour, as predicted by the Ising model.
Inter‐ and Intramolecular Oxidative Addition of Si–H Bonds (2005)

The photochemical reaction of Fe(CO)5 with HMe2Si-SiMe2H yields (PPh3)2(CO)2Fe(H)2, and the thermal reaction of mer-(CO)3(PPh3)Fe(H)(SiMe3) with disilanes HR2Si-SiR2H gives mer-(CO)3(PPh3)Fe(H)(SiR2-SiR2H) and [mer-(CO)3(PPh3)(H)Fe-SiR2]2, depending on the substituents at silicon. By the reaction of the phosphinoalkylsilanes Ph2PCH2CH2SiR2H with W(CO)6 or W(CO)5(solv) the intramolecular addition products W(CO)4(PPh2CH2CH2SiR2)(H) are obtained, in which the W,H,Si three centre two-electron bond is stabilized by the chelating ligand.
Synthesis of Side-Chain Unsaturatedendo- andexo-Brevicomins. Representatives of Pheromone Analogs in the Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Series (1988)

The title substances endo- and exo-9 were synthesized via selective trans- and cis-opening of the epoxy tosylate 3, respectively. The tosylate 3 is easily obtainable from pentadienol 1.
Central Venous Pressure and Clinical Outcomes During Left-Sided Mechanical Support for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Right ventricular failure (RVF) is associated with increased mortality among patients receiving left ventricular mechanical circulatory support (LV-MCS) for cardiogenic shock and requires prompt recognition and management. Increased central venous pressure (CVP) is an indicator of potential RVF. <b>Objectives:</b> We studied whether elevated CVP during LV-MCS for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock is associated with higher mortality. <b>Methods:</b> Between January 2014 and June 2019, we analyzed hemodynamic parameters during Impella LV-MCS from 28 centers in the United States participating in the global, prospective catheter-based ventricular assist device (cVAD) study. A total of 132 patients with a documented CVP measurement while on Impella left-sided support for cardiogenic shock were identified. <b>Results:</b> CVP was significantly higher among patients who died in the hospital (14.0 vs. 11.7 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.014), and a CVP >12 identified patients at significantly higher risk for in-hospital mortality (65 vs. 45%, <i>p</i> = 0.02). CVP remained significantly associated with in-hospital mortality even after adjustment in a multivariable model (adjusted OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.02-1.19] per 1 mmHg increase). LV-MCS suction events were non-significantly more frequent among patients with high vs. low CVP (62.11 vs. 7.14 events, <i>p</i> = 0.067). <b>Conclusion:</b> CVP is a single, readily accessible hemodynamic parameter which predicts a higher rate of short-term mortality and may identify subclinical RVF in patients receiving LV-MCS for cardiogenic shock.