gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Far Ultraviolet Imaging from the Image Spacecraft (2000)

Abstract. Two FUV Spectral imaging instruments, the Spectrographic Imager (SI) and the Geocorona Photometer (GEO) provide IMAGE with simultaneous global maps of the hydrogen (121.8 nm) and oxygen 135.6 nm components of the terrestrial aurora and with observations of the three dimensional distribution of neutral hydrogen in the magnetosphere (121.6 nm). The SI is a novel instrument type, in which spectral separation and imaging functions are independent of each other. In this instrument, two-dimensional images are produced on two detectors, and the images are spectrally filtered by a spectrograph part of the instrument. One of the two detectors images the Doppler-shifted Lyman-α while rejecting the geocoronal &amp;quot;cold &amp;quot; Lyman-α, and another detector images the OI 135.6 nm emission. The spectrograph is an all-reflective Wadsworth configuration in which a grill arrangement is used to block most of the cold, un-Doppler-shifted geocoronal emission at 121.567 nm. The SI calibration established that the upper limit of transmission at cold geocoronal Lyman-α is less than 2%. The measured light collecting efficiency was 0.01 and 0.008 cm2 at 121.8 and at 135.6 nm, respectively. This is consistent with the size of the input aperture, the optical transmission, and the photocathode efficiency. The expected sensitivity is 1.8 x 10-2 and 1.3 x 10-2 counts per Rayleigh per pixel for each 5s viewing exposure per satellite revolution (120s). The measured spatial resolution is better than the 128 x 128 pixel matrix over the 15 ° x 15 ° field of view in both wavelength channels. The SI detectors are photon counting devices using the cross delay line principle. In each detector a triple
IL-37 Suppresses MyD88-mediated Inflammatory Responses in Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells (2017)

Activation of TLR2, TLR3 or TLR4 up-regulates the production of inflammatory mediators in human AVICs. IL-37 suppresses MyD88-mediated responses to reduce inflammatory mediator production following stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4. This anti-inflammatory cytokine may be useful for suppression of aortic valve inflammation elicited by MyD88-dependent TLR signaling.
Active Power Filter Commitment for Harmonic Compensation in Microgrids (2019)

Harmonic distortions are going to be more important in the near future due to the growing utilization of power electronic (PE) based devices. The PE devices usually exhibit a nonlinear behavior leading to inject harmonics to the network. Meanwhile, widespread employment of distributed energy resources (DER) with their PE-based power conditioning units, may impose some harmonics into the network. Hence proper mitigation methods should be employed by distribution operators to enhance the level of the power quality. In this paper, a harmonic monitoring center (HMC) is proposed for central management harmonic mitigation activities of distributed harmonic active power filters (APFs). The compensation actions of APFs are determined by the HMC based on an optimization model called as APF commitment model. Economic satisfaction of harmonic standards is considered as the goal of optimization algorithm with respects to various technical and systematic constraints. In the simulations, the developed model shows a better performance and capability compared to the existing local management methods of distributed APFs.
Rapid Generation of In Vitro Multicellular Spheroids for the Study of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy (2011)

Tumor microenvironments present significant barriers to penetration by antibodies and immunoconjugates and are difficult to study in vitro. Cells cultured as monolayers typically exhibit less resistance to therapy than those grown in vivo. Therefore, it is important to develop an alternative research model that better represents in vivo tumors. We have developed a protocol to produce multicellular spheroids, a simple and more relevant model of in vivo tumors that allows for further investigations of the microenvironmental effects on drug penetration and tumor cell killing. The protocol is used to produce in vitro three-dimensional tumor spheroids from established human cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells isolated from patients without the use of any extracellular components. To study the ability of tumor-targeting immunoconjugates to penetrate these tumor spheroids in vitro, we have used an immunotoxin targeting mesothelin, a surface protein expressed in malignant mesotheliomas. This method for producing consistent, reproducible 3D spheroids may allow for improved testing of novel monoclonal antibodies and other agents for their ability to penetrate solid tumors for cancer therapy.
Inhibition of NHE-1 Na+/H+ exchanger by natriuretic peptides in ocular nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (2004)

The natriuretic peptides (NPs) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) display hypotensive effects in the mammalian eye by lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP), a function that is mediated by the bilayer ocular ciliary epithelium (CE), in conjunction with the trabecular meshwork. ANP regulates Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity, and inhibitors of NHE have been shown to lower IOP. We examined whether NPs influence the NHE activity of the CE, which is comprised of pigmented (PE) and nonpigmented (NPE) epithelial cells, by directly recording the rate of intracellular pH (pH(i)) recovery from its inner NPE cell layer. NPs inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 nM), the rate of pH(i) recovery with the order of potency CNP > ANP > BNP, indicative that this inhibition is mediated by the presence of NPR type B receptors. 8-Bromo-cGMP (8-BrcGMP), a nonhydrolyzable analog of cGMP, mimicked NPs in inhibiting the rate of Na(+)-dependent pH(i) recovery. In contrast, ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA, 100 nM) or amiloride (10 microM) completely abolished the pH(i) recovery by NHE. 18alpha-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18alpha-GA), a gap junction blocker, attenuated the inhibitory effect of CNP on the rate of pH(i) recovery, suggesting that NHE activity in both cell layers of the CE is coregulated. This interpretation was supported, in part, by the coexpression of NHE-1 isoform mRNA in both NPE and PE cells. The mechanism by which the inhibitory effect of NPs on NHE-1 activity might influence the net solute movement or fluid transport by the bilayer CE remains to be determined.
Photorefractive dark conductivity in Cr-doped strontium barium niobate (1989)

We present the theoretical and experimental results of photorefractive two-beam coupling in Cr-doped strontium barium niobate:60, using thermal excitation (i.e., dark conductivity) to model the experimentally observed temperature-dependent behavior of the two-beam coupling constant and response time.
ACTH Receptors in the Adrenal: Specific Binding of ACTH- 125 I and Its Relation to Adenyl Cyclase (1970)

Pure monoiodo ACTH-(125)I was prepared that was biologically active and free of unlabeled ACTH. Extracts of adrenal cortex that contained ACTH-sensitive adenyl cyclase, bound ACTH-(125)I; extracts that lacked the ACTH-sensitive cyclase did not bind ACTH-(125)I. Unlabeled ACTH inhibited the binding of ACTH-(125)I. Five ACTH derivatives which varied widely in biological activity were tested. All inhibited the binding of ACTH-(125)I in direct proportion to their biological activity. Albumin, insulin, and four unrelated iodinated hormones were inert. The addition of excess hormone or acetic acid produced rapid dissociation of bound ACTH-(125)I. This study demonstrates directly the binding of ACTH to its biologically significant site.
The Role of Suprascapular Neuropathy in Rotator Cuff Dysfunction (2016)

Suprascapular neuropathy (SN) is caused by traction or compression injury producing clinical manifestations of pain, weakness, and muscle atrophy. Its diagnosis has long been complicated by the combination of these relatively vague clinical presentations in the setting of other shoulder comorbidities. Current etiologies associated with this condition include anatomic variants, space-occupying lesions, and retracted rotator cuff tears. Patients with clinical examination findings consistent with SN should be evaluated with standard plain film imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrodiagnostic studies if warranted. These electrodiagnostic studies include electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies which are considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Treatment of SN is largely determined by the source of the neuropathy. Both nonoperative and operative interventions currently exist with varying opinions regarding the optimal management of these patients. This review will describe the current understanding of the anatomy, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment options for patients presenting with SN.
Disrupted short chain specific β‐oxidation and improved synthase expression increase synthesis of short chain fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2015)

Biologically derived fatty acids have gained tremendous interest as an alternative to petroleum-derived fuels and chemical precursors. We previously demonstrated the synthesis of short chain fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introduction of the Homo sapiens fatty acid synthase (hFAS) with heterologous phosphopantetheine transferases and heterologous thioesterases. In this study, short chain fatty acid production was improved by combining a variety of novel enzyme and metabolic engineering strategies. The use of a H. sapiens-derived thioesterase and phosphopantetheine transferase were evaluated. In addition, strains were engineered to disrupt either the full β-oxidation (by deleting FAA2, PXA1, and POX1) or short chain-specific β-oxidation (by deleting FAA2, ANT1, and PEX11) pathways. Prohibiting full β-oxidation increased hexanoic and octanoic acid levels by 8- and 79-fold relative to the parent strain expressing hFAS. However, by targeting only short chain β-oxidation, hexanoic and octanoic acid levels increased further to 31- and 140-fold over the parent. In addition, an optimized hFAS gene increased hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic and total short chain fatty acid levels by 2.9-, 2.0-, 2.3-, and 2.2-fold, respectively, relative to the non-optimized counterpart. By combining these unique enzyme and metabolic engineering strategies, octanoic acid was increased more than 181-fold over the parent strain expressing hFAS.
Direct measurement of thin-film thermoelectric figure of merit (2009)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rajeev Singh, Zhixi Bian, Ali Shakouri, Gehong Zeng, Je-Hyeong Bahk, John E. Bowers, Joshua M. O. Zide, Arthur C. Gossard; Direct measurement of thin-film thermoelectric figure of merit. Appl. Phys. Lett. 25 May 2009; 94 (21): 212508. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3094880 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Signal Processing for Neural Spike Trains (2010)

Editorial: Signal processing and statistics have been playing a pivotal role in computational neuroscience and neural engineering research.
Loss of cholinergic innervation differentially affects eNOS-mediated blood flow, drainage of Aβ and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cortex and hippocampus of adult mice (2021)

Vascular dysregulation and cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration are both early pathological events in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acetylcholine contributes to localised arterial dilatation and increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) during neurovascular coupling via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Decreased vascular reactivity is suggested to contribute to impaired clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) along intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) pathways of the brain, leading to the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the possible relationship between loss of cholinergic innervation, impaired vasoreactivity and reduced clearance of Aβ from the brain has not been previously investigated. In the present study, intracerebroventricular administration of mu-saporin resulted in significant death of cholinergic neurons and fibres in the medial septum, cortex and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice. Arterial spin labelling MRI revealed a loss of CBF response to stimulation of eNOS by the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride in the cortex of denervated mice. By contrast, the hippocampus remained responsive to drug treatment, in association with altered eNOS expression. Fasudil hydrochloride significantly increased IPAD in the hippocampus of both control and saporin-treated mice, while increased clearance from the cortex was only observed in control animals. Administration of mu-saporin in the TetOAPPSweInd mouse model of AD was associated with a significant and selective increase in Aβ40-positive CAA. These findings support the importance of the interrelationship between cholinergic innervation and vascular function in the aetiology and/or progression of CAA and suggest that combined eNOS/cholinergic therapies may improve the efficiency of Aβ removal from the brain and reduce its deposition as CAA.
Circular harmonic phase filters for efficient rotation-invariant pattern recognition (1988)

A generalized approach for pattern recognition using spatial filters with reduced tolerance requirements was described in some recent publications. This approach leads to various possible implementations such as the composite matched filter, the circular harmonic matched filter, or the composite circular harmonic matched filter. The present work describes new examples leading to very high selectivity filters retaining rotation invariance and reduced requirements on device resolution. Computer simulations and laboratory experiments show the advantages of this approach.
Long-term biopersistence of tangled oxidized carbon nanotubes inside and outside macrophages in rat subcutaneous tissue (2013)

Because of their mechanical strength, chemical stability, and low molecular weight, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive biological implant materials. Biomaterials are typically implanted into subcutaneous tissue or bone; however, the long-term biopersistence of CNTs in these tissues is unknown. Here, tangled oxidized multi-walled CNTs (t-ox-MWCNTs) were implanted into rat subcutaneous tissues and structural changes in the t-ox-MWCNTs located inside and outside of macrophages were studied for 2 years post-implantation. The majority of the large agglomerates were present in the intercellular space, maintained a layered structure, and did not undergo degradation. By contrast, small agglomerates were found inside macrophages, where they were gradually degraded in lysosomes. None of the rats displayed symptoms of cancer or severe inflammatory reactions such as necrosis. These results indicate that t-ox-MWCNTs have high biopersistence and do not evoke adverse events in rat subcutaneous tissue in vivo, demonstrating their potential utility as implantable biomaterials.
Racematspaltungen mit Substanzfamilien (1998)

Die Racematspaltung revolutionieren könnte das hier vorgestellte kombinatorische Verfahren, bei dem Gemische („Familien”︁) strukturell und stereochemisch verwandter Reagentien mit den zu trennenden racemischen Säuren oder Basen umgesetzt werden. Die in üblicherweise einem Schritt gebildeten diastereomeren Salze fallen fast immer rasch aus, Ausbeuten und Enantiomerenüberschüsse sind gut bis hervorragend. Auch Reagensgemische mit racemischen oder achiralen Komponenten wurden entwickelt.
Evaluation of a Density-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Sickle Cell Disease in a Clinical Setting in Zambia (2014)

Although simple and low-cost interventions for sickle cell disease (SCD) exist in many developing countries, child mortality associated with SCD remains high, in part, because of the lack of access to diagnostic tests for SCD. A density-based test using aqueous multiphase systems (SCD-AMPS) is a candidate for a low-cost, point-of-care diagnostic for SCD. In this paper, the field evaluation of SCD-AMPS in a large (n = 505) case-control study in Zambia is described. Of the two variations of the SCD-AMPS used, the best system (SCD-AMPS-2) demonstrated a sensitivity of 86% (82-90%) and a specificity of 60% (53-67%). Subsequent analysis identified potential sources of false positives that include clotting, variation between batches of SCD-AMPS, and shipping conditions. Importantly, SCD-AMPS-2 was 84% (62-94%) sensitive in detecting SCD in children between 6 months and 1 year old. In addition to an evaluation of performance, an assessment of end-user operability was done with health workers in rural clinics in Zambia. These health workers rated the SCD-AMPS tests to be as simple to use as lateral flow tests for malaria and HIV.
A compact electrolytic-free two-stage universal input offline LED driver (2016)

This paper presents a single phase, two-stage electrolytic-free offline LED driver that utilizes a hybrid film-ceramic stacked switched capacitor (SSC) energy buffer (EB) in place of limited-life electrolytic capacitors for twice-line-frequency energy buffering. The proposed LED driver comprises a front-end power factor correction (PFC) stage, followed by an isolated dc-dc conversion stage, with an SSC energy buffer connected across the intermediate dc bus. Compared to a single capacitor, the use of SSC energy buffer reduces the passive volume of the energy buffer by a factor of two. A simple and robust control scheme is proposed to interface the SCC energy buffer with the PFC converter. A prototype 300 W LED driver for universal input voltage range (90-265 Vrms) and 12 V output voltage is designed, built and tested based on the proposed architecture. The SSC energy buffer achieves a peak efficiency of 98.5% and maintains an efficiency of above 96% across a wide output power range, thus minimally impacting the overall system efficiency. In addition, the impact of the intermediate dc bus voltage ripple on overall system efficiency is investigated. It is found that there is negligible change in overall system efficiency when the intermediate bus voltage ripple ratio is varied between 3% and 7.5%.
Reduced-Complexity Blind Chromatic Dispersion Estimation for Digital Coherent Systems (2016)

We propose an enhancement to the fast blind CD estimation method based on auto-correlation of signal power. The use of Hartley and Cosine transform allow 30% and 70% complexity reductions, within a maximum loss of 2% in accuracy.
C-RAN-Assisted Non-Coherent Grant-Free Random Access Based on Compute-and-Forward (2018)

Reliable communication in massive random access scenarios with short packet transmissions requires integration of novel network architecture solutions and multiple access methods. In this paper, we study the performance of an uncoordinated, grant-free random access scheme based on compute-and-forward (CoF) in a dense cloud radio access network (C-RAN) where multiple access points (out-of-band relays or radio units) are connected by low-rate links to a central processing instance. The access points decode linear equations of transmitted messages and forward these to the central processing instance, which solves for the original messages. In the context of the C-RAN architecture, the approach provides efficient utilization of the (limited) fronthaul resources, thus presenting an alternative to conventional C-RAN implementations. The performance of the CoF-based scheme is assessed in a realistic scenario where neither the transmit nor the receive instances have a priori channel state information (CSI). In our approach, pilot signals and data are transmitted in the same message, which meets a strong need for the integration of control and data for short message transmissions. An important aspect that we study is the trade-off between the resource allocation for reliable channel estimation and encoded data transmission given a reliability target.
Abstract 2012: A humanized anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) demonstrates potent cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (NBL) and fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP RMS) (2022)

Abstract Introduction: ALK is a lineage restricted oncoprotein expressed on the cell surface of NBL as wild-type (WT), mutated, or amplified, and recently shown to be overexpressed in FP RMS. Small molecule inhibitors have shown potent efficacy in NBL with ALK mutations or amplifications, but is limited to a minority of the high-risk population and have demonstrated conferred resistance. We have previously shown the potential of an ADC approach for WT ALK-expressing NBL with a chimeric ALK-directed ADC CDX-0125. Methods: A highly specific humanized ALK antibody KTN0239 was developed with site-specific conjugation of an amine-azido linker conjugated to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers or duocarmycin using click chemistry. ALK surface expression in ALK amplified (NB-1), WT non-amplified (IMR-32), mutant (Felix, SH-SY5Y, Kelly, NB1-643), and WT null (SK-N-AS) cell lines were quantified with flow cytometry using the primary KTN0239 antibody. Internalization kinetics of KTN0239 were measured using Incucyte® Fabflour-pH labeling. In vitro ADC IC50 values and viability rescue were assessed with a CellTiter-Glo® assay with ADC concentrations ranging from 10 fM to 10 nM. Western blot was used to elucidate cytotoxic mechanism of the ADC. Results: ALK surface protein molecule expression was 21,820 in NB-1 cells, 3,708 in Felix, and 1,426 in SK-N-AS cells. KTN0239 was internalized into NB1 cells with a logarithmic trend, with &amp;gt;65% of antibody internalized within 8 hours. NB-1 cell line viability was rescued to &amp;gt;80% when 2.5 nM of KTN0239 was in competition with the PBD-conjugated ADC at the IC50 concentration. The ADC induced activation of PARP, caspase-3, and γH2AX without attenuation of ALK signaling in NB-1 cells. Conclusions: ADCs directed to ALK-expressing cancers are a promising therapeutic approach. The efficacy of the ADCs are currently being tested in NBL and FP RMS mouse models, and will be reported. Mean IC50 values (pM) of ADCs with a drug antibody ratio (DAR) of 6 in NBL cell lines ADC: PBD-conjugated Duocarmycin-conjugated NB-1 14 71 IMR-32 12 741 Felix 51 110 NB-1643 6.6 1,196 Kelly 517 34,700 SH-SY5Y 693 3,024 SK-N-AS 533 1,420 Citation Format: Alberto D. Guerra, Annie Kennedy, Cynthia Adams, Rawan Shraim, Amber K. Weiner, Chuan Chen, Kateryna Krytska, Colleen Larmour, Smita Matkar, Dimiter Dimitrov, Dontcho V. Jelev, Yael P. Mossé. A humanized anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) demonstrates potent cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (NBL) and fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP RMS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2012.
Biaxially self‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene prepared by dynamic packing injection molding. II. Microstructure investigation (2004)

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and transmission electron microscope are employed to study the microstructure of biaxially self‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) prepared in uniaxial oscillating stress field by dynamic packing injection molding. The results indicate that the biaxial self‐reinforcement of HDPE is mainly due to the existence of interlocking shish‐kebab morphology (i.e., zip fastener structure), along with the orientation of lamellae and molecular chains and the enhanced crystallinity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1591–1596, 2004