gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fast IR imaging with sub-wavelength resolution using a transient near-field probe (tipless near-field microscopy)</title> (1999)

Microscopy based on the mid-infrared part of the spectrum provides an approach to imaging with a chemically selective contrast mechanism. However, the long wavelength of the mid-IR radiation diffraction limits the spatial resolution to no better than a few microns in conventional IR microscopy. (In practice, commercial IR microscopes rarely do as well as 10 microns). This resolution prevents IR spectroscopy of single sub-cellular or even cellular features routinely observable with conventional visible light microscopes. In this paper we present a technique using conventional IR optics and no near- field tips which enables IR imaging with the resolution of a visible microscope. Photo-induced reflectivity generated by ps pulses of visible light incident on the surface of semiconductor is used to create a transient mirror with dimensions determined by the spot size of the visible light. The IR light scattered by such subwavelength-size mirror is collected after propagating through the sample. As the sample is located on the semiconductor substrate, no near-field distance control is required, and the image can be taken at the speed of a typical laser scanning microscope. And since the near-field probe is generated remotely -- using light -- the sample to be imaged can be covered by, or encased in, a transparent liquid or solid. The resolution of such an IR microscope is determined by the dimensions of the transient mirror, i.e. by the spot size of the visible light and its penetration depth into the substrate. To prevent resolution degradation due to diffusion of the photo-excited carriers in the substrate, the probe (IR) pulse duration should not exceed a few tens of picoseconds. Preliminary results, prospects and limitations are discussed.
Leadless left ventricular endocardial pacing for CRT upgrades in previously failed and high-risk patients in comparison with coronary sinus CRT upgrades (2021)

Despite prior failed upgrades and high-risk patients with more comorbidities, WiSE-CRT upgrades had high rates of procedural success and similar improvements in CCS and LV remodelling with CS upgrades.
Comprehensive switching behavior characterization of high speed Gallium Nitride E-HEMT with ultra-low loop inductance (2017)

Gallium Nitride has shown its potential over traditional Silicon devices with low switching and conduction losses. However, fast switching transition poses great challenges in dynamic device characterization due to sensitivity to parasitics and high requirement in testing equipment. An accurate switching behavior characterization method is proposed in this paper with loop inductance minimization and flat current shunt resistors. Switching losses for GaN transistor under three different current freewheeling patterns are explored and compared: through upper diode, through upper GaN transistor synchronous operation and through upper GaN reverse conduction, which include all the possible operation conditions in practical industry applications. The overall inductance in main power loop is well designed as low as 1.52nH. It is the first cleanest and most accurate GaN switching waveform ever reported. It is also the first time that GaN switching behavior with current reverse conduction through channel is investigated. The fastest switching speeds are dv/dt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> = 9.1V/ns, dv/dt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 8.6V/ns, and di/dt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> =7.0A/ns, di/dt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 5V/ns. The measured turn-on energy loss is 1.4μJ at 30V, 20A and 1.59μJ at 30V, 30A respectively.
Nucleation and growth mechanisms of ZnO nanowires on Au thin films by chemical bath deposition for piezoelectric nanogenerators (2018)

International audience
Quantification of Epileptiform Electroencephalographic Activity during Sevoflurane Mask Induction (2007)

The developed method proved useful in detection and quantification of epileptiform electroencephalographic activity during sevoflurane anesthesia. In the future, it may improve the understanding of electroencephalogram-derived information by assisting in recognizing misleading readings of depth-of-anesthesia monitors. The method also may assist in minimizing the occurrence of epileptiform activity and seizures during sevoflurane anesthesia.
4′C‐Modified Nucleotides as Chemical Tools for Investigation and Modulation of DNA Polymerase Function (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Orthogonal space-time block codes: maximum likelihood detection for unknown channels and unstructured interferences (2003)

Space-time coding (STC) schemes for communication systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas have been attracting increased attention. The so-called orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) have been of particular interest due to their good performance and low decoding complexity. In this paper, we take a systematic maximum-likelihood (ML) approach to the decoding of OSTBC for unknown propagation channels and unknown noise and interference conditions. We derive a low-complexity ML decoding algorithm based on cyclic minimization and assisted by a minimum amount of training data. Furthermore, we discuss the design of optimal training sequences and optimal information transfer to an outer decoder. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance of our algorithm.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases (2018)

Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.
Acoustic detection of manatee vocalizations (2003)

The West Indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) has become endangered partly because of a growing number of collisions with boats. A system to warn boaters of the presence of manatees, that can signal to boaters that manatees are present in the immediate vicinity, could potentially reduce these boat collisions. In order to identify the presence of manatees, acoustic methods are employed. Within this paper, three different detection algorithms are used to detect the calls of the West Indian manatee. The detection systems are tested in the laboratory using simulated manatee vocalizations from an audio compact disk. The detection method that provides the best overall performance is able to correctly identify approximately 96% of the manatee vocalizations. However, the system also results in a false alarm rate of approximately 16%. The results of this work may ultimately lead to the development of a manatee warning system that can warn boaters of the presence of manatees.
Ultra-Sensitive Serial Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens and Antibodies in Plasma to Understand Disease Progression in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Disease (2020)

The reported SARS-CoV-2 Simoa antigen assay is the first to detect viral antigens in the plasma of patients who were COVID-19 positive to date. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in the blood are associated with disease progression, such as respiratory failure, in COVID-19 cases with severe disease.
Steady state frequency response of STATCOM (2001)

The paper develops analytical expressions for the admittances and impedances of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a function of frequency. The expressions include the conventional positive and negative sequence admittance as well as transfer admittances where a positive sequence current generates a negative sequence voltage at another frequency. These results are then corroborated using the tool of electromagnetic transients simulation. The expressions are shown to be valid for six-pulse as well as higher pulse number configurations. The impact of the STATCOM's control system on the admittance is also investigated.
Aggregation and Gelation Behavior of Stereocomplexed Four-Arm PLA-PEG Copolymers Containing Neutral or Cationic Linkers (2023)

Poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels were prepared by mixing phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solutions of four-arm (PEG-PLA)<sub>2</sub>-R-(PLA-PEG)<sub>2</sub> enantiomerically pure copolymers having the opposite chirality of the poly(lactide) blocks. Dynamic Light Scattering, rheology measurements, and fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that, depending on the nature of the linker R, the gelation process followed rather different mechanisms. In all cases, mixing of equimolar amounts of the enantiomeric copolymers led to micellar aggregates with a stereocomplexed PLA core and a hydrophilic PEG corona. Yet, when R was an aliphatic heptamethylene unit, temperature-dependent reversible gelation was mainly induced by entanglements of PEG chains at concentrations higher than 5 wt.%. When R was a linker containing cationic amine groups, thermo-irreversible hydrogels were promptly generated at concentrations higher than 20 wt.%. In the latter case, stereocomplexation of the PLA blocks randomly distributed in micellar aggregates is proposed as the major determinant of the gelation process.
Clinical evaluation of capsular ventricular septal defect with multiple export underwent transcatheter closure (2011)

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of capsular ventricular septal defect with multiple export underwent Tran catheter closure. Methods 36 patients of capsular ventricular septal defect with multiple export (11 males and 25 females, range 3–37 years old) were selected by the clinical, ECG, x-ray, Tran thoracic electrocardiogram (TEE) examination and diagnosis of left ventricular angiography. Left ventricular surface inlet diameter 6–22 (10.3±4.8)mm was measured by left ventricular angiography, with two or more than two exit which diameter was 2–11 (4.7±3.1) mm. Small waist and large side of ventricular septal defect occluder with diameter of 5–14 (4.5±2.9) m were used. Immediate effects were evaluated 20 min after closure by repeated left ventricular angiography and TEE. And reviewing ECG, x-ray and TEE after 1, 3, 6 months. Results Thirty three patients were used domestic small waist and large side-type ventricular septal defect closure device successfully, with three case of failure, two cases of aortic valve functional defect after closure, one case of β atrioventricular block. Conclusions Capsular ventricular septal defect with multiple export treated by domestic small waist and large side occluder is safe, effective and feasible. The key technology is based on the export of capsular septum of different sise, shape, the size of inlet and exit diameter and the distance from the right coronary aortic valve to determine the location and size of occluder selection.
CO<sup>2</sup> Reuse in Petrochemical Facilities (2010)

To address public concerns regarding the consequences of climate change from anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emissions, the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) is actively funding a CO{sub 2} management program to develop technologies capable of mitigating CO{sub 2} emissions from power plant and industrial facilities. Over the past decade, this program has focused on reducing the costs of carbon capture and storage technologies. Recently, DOE/NETL launched an alternative CO{sub 2} mitigation program focused on beneficial CO{sub 2} reuse to support the development of technologies that mitigate emissions by converting CO{sub 2} into valuable chemicals and fuels. RTI, with DOE/NETL support, has been developing an innovative beneficial CO{sub 2} reuse process for converting CO{sub 2} into substitute natural gas (SNG) by using by-product hydrogen (H{sub 2)-containing fuel gas from petrochemical facilities. This process leveraged commercial reactor technology currently used in fluid catalytic crackers in petroleum refining and a novel nickel (Ni)-based catalyst developed by RTI. The goal was to generate an SNG product that meets the pipeline specifications for natural gas, making the SNG product completely compatible with the existing natural gas infrastructure. RTI's technology development efforts focused on demonstrating the technical feasibility of this novel CO{sub 2} reuse process and obtaining the necessary engineering information to design a pilot demonstration unit for converting about 4 tons per day (tons/day) of CO{sub 2} into SNG at a suitable host site. This final report describes the results of the Phase I catalyst and process development efforts. The methanation activity of several commercial fixed-bed catalysts was evaluated under fluidized-bed conditions in a bench-scale reactor to identify catalyst performance targets. RTI developed two fluidizable Ni-based catalyst formulations (Cat-1 and Cat-3) that demonstrated equal or better performance than that of commercial methanation catalysts. The Cat-1 and Cat-3 formulations were successfully scaled up using commercial manufacturing equipment at the Sud-Chemie Inc. pilot-plant facility in Louisville, KY. Pilot transport reactor testing with RTI's Cat-1 formulation at Kellog Brown & Root's Technology Center demonstrated the ability of the process to achieve high single-pass CO{sub 2} conversion. Using information acquired from bench- and pilot-scale testing, a basic engineering design package was prepared for a 4-ton/day CO{sub 2} pilot demonstration unit, including process and instrumentation diagrams, equipment list, control philosophy, and preliminary cost estimate.
NI-03 * DSC-MRI MEASURES OF rCBV PREDICT TUMOR CHARACTERISTICS BEYOND STANDARD HISTOPATHOLOGY (2014)

BACKGROUND: Preoperative advanced MR imaging techniques, like DWI/DTI and DSC, provide significant structural and functional information about tumor biology. Still, histopathological evaluation of biopsy samples remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of brain tumors. Here we present the use of standardized RCBV (sRCBV) in conjunction with intraoperative navigation for astrocytoma grading. This is the first comparison between tissue type and grade and measures of RCBV using spatially correlated imaging and tissue samples. METHODS: Histopathological findings of 107 tissue specimens from 32 adult patients were studied: non-tumor control tissue (n = 28), WHO Grade 2 Astrocytoma (n = 11), WHO Grade 3 Astrocytoma (n = 11), WHO Grade 4 Astrocytoma/GBM (new: n = 22; recurrent: n = 22; mixed: n = 13). Preoperative (≤ 3 months) DSC-MRI and T1 + C images were co-registered to MR Imaging uploaded for surgical navigation. Guided by intraoperative MRI snapshots of the tissue sampling site, a 3 mm spherical region of interest was drawn manually on pre-operative T1 + C images. Leakage-corrected sRCBV values were determined from raw DSC data. Statistical sample independence was confirmed before conducting statistical analyses. RESULTS: Standardized RCBV significantly distinguished tumor from non-tumor controls with robust sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, sRCBV differentiated between Grade 2 and newly diagnosed Grade 4 astrocytomas, as well as between newly diagnosed, recurring, and mixed GBMs with strong sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, sRCBV revealed two statistically distinct patient populations in Grade 3 and newly diagnosed Grade 4 astrocytomas. Although not statistically significant, the median progression-free survival from initial diagnosis (surgery) for Grade 3 astrocytoma and newly diagnosed GBM patients with low sRCBV values was longer (73 days and 62 days, respectively) than for patients with high sRCBV values, regardless of treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that preoperative sRCBV has the potential to predict tumor characteristics beyond standard histopathology, making it an important supplementary indicator of tumor aggression.
Modeling and analysis of differential signaling for minimizing inductive cross-talk (2001)

Many physical synthesis tools interdigitate signal and power lines to reduce cross-talk, and thus, improve signal integrity and timing predictability. Such approaches are extremely effective at reducing cross-talk at circuit speeds where inductive effects are inconsequential. In this paper, we use a detailed distributed RLC model to show that inductive cross-talk effects are substantial in long busses associated with 0.18 micron technology. Simulation experiments are then used to demonstrate that cross-talk in such high speed technologies is much better controlled by re-deploying interdigitated power lines to perform differential signaling.
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of ArylalkylamineN-acetyltransferase (AANAT) Inhibitors: A Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (2001)

The three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) approach using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was applied to a series of 40 compounds synthesized in our laboratory and evaluated as AANAT inhibitors. The N-bromoacetyltryptamine conformation derived from the X-ray crystal structure of the enzyme bound with a bisubstrate analog, was used to obtain the putative bioactive conformation of these inhibitors. Five statistically significant models were obtained from the randomly constituted training sets (30 compounds) and subsequently validated with the corresponding test sets (10 compounds). The best predictive model (n=30, q2=0.644, N=6, r2=0.966, s=0.145, F=109.478) can predict inhibitory activity for a wide range of compounds and offers important structural insight into designing novel AANAT inhibitors prior to their synthesis.
Artificial Neural Networks: Dual‐Gated MoS2 Memtransistor Crossbar Array (Adv. Funct. Mater. 45/2020) (2020)

In article number 2003683, Mark C. Hersam and co-workers present dual-gated MoS2 memtransistors, which enable a crossbar architecture that solves two long-standing issues in neuromorphic computing hardware. In particular, one gate suppresses crossbar sneak currents while the second gate allows tuning of the synaptic learning rate. This gate-tunability provides a dynamic means of achieving linear and symmetric potentiation and depression, thereby facilitating efficient implementation of artificial neural networks.
Design Concepts and Preclinical Results of a Miniaturized HeartWare Platform: The MVAD System (2015)

Hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of the modified MVAD System were demonstrated through pump parameters, blood chemistry panels, and histopathology analysis.
An efficient neutral point voltage control algorithm with reduced switching losses for three level inverters (2014)

This paper proposes an efficient neutral point control algorithm for three level T-type inverters. The proposed algorithm helps to get balanced neutral point voltage with high efficiency steady state operation. The proposed controller relies on using the hysteresis control for DC link capacitors' voltage balancing. The proposed algorithm is implemented by adjusting the type of redundant small vectors and its duration times in the nearest three vectors (N3V) space vector modulation (SVPWM). Lower switching losses have been achieved by using reduced transitions in the output voltages. The proposed neutral point voltage controller achieves multiple objectives as it increases significantly the ability of the T-type three level inverter to balance the voltage of neutral point with reduced switching events. The proposed method is simple to implement without need for complex calculation or additional hardware. The results of simulation and experimental work are shown in order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Water Extract from the Leaves of Withania somnifera Protect RA Differentiated C6 and IMR-32 Cells against Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity (2012)

Glutamate neurotoxicity has been implicated in stroke, head trauma, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. Search for herbal remedies that may possibly act as therapeutic agents is an active area of research to combat these diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), also known as Indian ginseng, against glutamate induced toxicity in the retinoic acid differentiated rat glioma (C6) and human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cells. The neuroprotective activity of the Ashwagandha leaves derived water extract (ASH-WEX) was evaluated. Cell viability and the expression of glial and neuronal cell differentiation markers was examined in glutamate challenged differentiated cells with and without the presence of ASH-WEX. We demonstrate that RA-differentiated C6 and IMR-32 cells, when exposed to glutamate, undergo loss of neural network and cell death that was accompanied by increase in the stress protein HSP70. ASH-WEX pre-treatment inhibited glutamate-induced cell death and was able to revert glutamate-induced changes in HSP70 to a large extent. Furthermore, the analysis on the neuronal plasticity marker NCAM (Neural cell adhesion molecule) and its polysialylated form, PSA-NCAM revealed that ASH-WEX has therapeutic potential for prevention of neurodegeneration associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicty.
Imaging of Forward Light-Scatter by Opacified Posterior Capsules Isolated from Pseudophakic Donor Eyes (2011)

Surprisingly, PCO scatter and scatter in the normal eye have similar underlying scattering processes. However, data obtained at the near large-angle domain demonstrates that, apart from scatter, PCO may also have a refractile component, which is most pronounced in pearl-type PCO.