gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The zeolate ligand; zeolite encapsulated semiconductor nanomaterials (1994)

Abstract Consolidation of the results of structural, spectroscopic and kinetic studies of a range of intrazeolite guests and their reactions have led to the development of the “crown ether‐zeolite ligand analogy” and the concept of the “zeolate” as a macrospheroidal or macrocylindrical multidentate anionic ligand. This view of a zeolite cavity or channel as a collection of interconnected aluminosilicate crown ether‐like building blocks, permits a coordination chemistry approach to the understanding of metal‐ligand bonding (capping, anchoring, complexing, stabilizing and structure‐directing phenomena) in a variety of zeolite guest‐host inclusion systems. In this paper we focus attention on the role that the zeolate ligand plays in the organization of semiconductor precursors and their assembly to semiconductor nanoclusters with particular reference to II‐VI nanomaterials.
Bidirectional Transmission of Infectious Cytomegalovirus between Monocytes and Vascular Endothelial Cells: An In Vitro Model (1995)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects multiple tissues and organs; however, mechanisms of dissemination remain elusive. Although hematogenous spread has been implicated, in vitro studies have generally indicated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) do not support the complete viral reproductive cycle. Since CMV infects endothelial cells (EC), the hypothesis that PBMC can be productively infected by contact with CMV-infected EC was tested by coculturing PBMC with CMV-infected endothelial monolayers. Dual immunohistochemical staining for mononuclear cell markers and CMV-specific antigens demonstrated infection of up to 30% of monocytes adhering to EC. To determine if infected monocytes could transmit infectious virus, they were separated from EC, replated in culture wells, and then overlaid with fresh EC. The subsequent appearance of CMV-positive cytopathic foci within the overlaid monolayers indicated that these monocytes were capable of transmitting infectious virus. Thus, these results support an interactive role for the endothelium and circulating monocytes in the dissemination of this clinically problematic virus.
Using new materials for brain-like computing: from fundamental mechanisms to high-performance devices (Conference Presentation) (2022)

The brain can perform massively parallel information processing while consuming only ~1- 100 fJ per synaptic event. I will describe an electrochemical neuromorphic device that switches at low energy (~80 fJ), and displays a large number of distinct, non-volatile conductance states within a ~1 V operating range. The tunable resistance behaves very linearly, allowing blind updates in a neural network when operated with the proper access device. These devices also display outstanding endurance achieving over 109 switching events with very little degradation. I will describe our recent efforts at scaling and materials selection, allowing us to reach 20 ns write pulses and operation at high temperature (up to 120°C). In particular, we developed a fully lithographic process that allowed us to demonstrate sub-µm channel devices, opening the door to integration with Si driving circuitry. By carefully deuterating the electrolytes, we provide strong evidence that the secret to the high speed and low energy switching properties of these artificial synapses is the combination of electronic and protonic transport. Finally, we demonstrate that the working mechanism is quite general by fabricating and operating high-performance synapses based on MXenes. This generality is promising in terms of monolithic integration as MXenes can be chosen to be BEOL compatible with Si.
Feasibility of Interference Alignment for Reverse Duplex in MIMO Cellular Networks with One-side Base Cooperation (2015)

본 논문에서는 상향링크와 하향링크가 공존하는 역 듀플렉스 셀룰러 네트워크 상황에서 단방향 기지국 협력을 통한 단사 간섭 정렬 타당성에 대한 연구를 하였다. 일반적인 안테나 개수와 사용자수에 따른 단사 간섭 정렬의 필요조건과 충분조건을 제시하였고, 이어서 특정 조건을 만족하는 네트워크에서 간략화 된 충분조건을 제시하였다. 특히 대칭 네트워크 상황에서는 단사 간섭 정렬의 필요충분조건을 제시하였고, 각 셀 당 두 명의 사용자가 존재하는 대칭 네트워크 상황에서는 닫힌 형태의 필요충분조건을 규명하였다. 제안한 단방향 기지국협력을 통해 합 자유도를 크게 증가시킬 수 있으며, 모의실험을 통해 상용 신호 대 잡음비 영역에서 합 전송률을 획기적으로 개선 할 수 있음을 확인 하였다. The feasibility conditions of interference alignment (IA) are analyzed for reverse duplex systems, in which one cell operates as downlink (DL) while the other cell operates as uplink (UL) assuming one-sid base station (BS) cooperation. Under general multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configurations, a necessary condition and a sufficient condition for one-shot linear IA are established, i.e., linear IA without symbol or time extension. In several example networks, optimal sum degrees of freedom (DoF) is characterized by the derived necessary condition and sufficient condition. For some special class of networks, a sufficient condition is established in a more compact expression, which also yields the necessary and sufficient condition. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IA does not only achieve larger DoF but also significantly improves the sum rate in the practical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.
AUC-Maximizing Ensembles through Metalearning (2016)

Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) is often used to measure the performance of an estimator in binary classification problems. An AUC-maximizing classifier can have significant advantages in cases where ranking correctness is valued or if the outcome is rare. In a Super Learner ensemble, maximization of the AUC can be achieved by the use of an AUC-maximining metalearning algorithm. We discuss an implementation of an AUC-maximization technique that is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem. We also evaluate the effectiveness of a large number of different nonlinear optimization algorithms to maximize the cross-validated AUC of the ensemble fit. The results provide evidence that AUC-maximizing metalearners can, and often do, out-perform non-AUC-maximizing metalearning methods, with respect to ensemble AUC. The results also demonstrate that as the level of imbalance in the training data increases, the Super Learner ensemble outperforms the top base algorithm by a larger degree.
Regulation of the Aldo-Keto Reductase Gene akr1b7 by the Nuclear Oxysterol Receptor LXRα (Liver X Receptor-α) in the Mouse Intestine: Putative Role of LXRs in Lipid Detoxification Processes (2004)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism after activation by their cognate oxysterol ligands. AKR1-B7 (aldo-keto reductase 1-B7) is expressed in LXR target tissues such as intestine, and because of its known role in detoxifying lipid peroxides, we investigated whether the AKR1-B7 detoxification pathway was regulated by LXRs. Here we show that synthetic LXR agonists increase the accumulation of AKR1-B7 mRNA and protein levels in mouse intestine in wild-type but not lxr(-/-) mice. Regulation of akr1b7 by retinoic X receptor/LXR heterodimers is dependent on three response elements in the proximal murine akr1b7 promoter. Two of these cis-acting elements are specific for regulation by the LXRalpha isoform. In addition, in duodenum of wild-type mice fed a synthetic LXR agonist, we observed an LXR-dependent decrease in lipid peroxidation. Our results demonstrate that akr1b7 is a direct target of LXRs throughout the small intestine, and that LXR activation plays a protective role by decreasing the deleterious effects of lipid peroxides in duodenum. Taken together, these data suggest a new role for LXRs in lipid detoxification.
<title>Bolocam: a millimeter-wave bolometric camera</title> (1998)

We describe the design of Bolocam, a bolometric camera for millimeter-wave observations at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. Bolocam will have 144 diffraction-limited detectors operating at 300 mK, an 8 arcminute field of view, and a sky noise limited NEFD of approximately 35 mJy Hz<SUP>-1/2</SUP> per pixel at (lambda) equals 1.4 mm. Observations will be possible at one of (lambda) equals 1.1., 1.4, or 2.1 mm per observing run. The detector array consists of sensitive NTD Ge thermistors bonded to silicon nitride micromesh absorbers patterned on a single wafer of silicon. This is a new technology in millimeter-wave detector array construction. To increase detector packing density, the feed horns will be spaced by 1.26 f(lambda) (at (lambda) equals 1.4 mm), rather than the conventional 2 f(lambda) . DC stable read out electronics will enable on-the-fly mapping and drift scanning. We will use Bolocam to map Galactic dust emission, to search for protogalaxies, and to observe the Sunyaev- Zel'dovich effect toward galaxy clusters.
Designing a dielectric RF applicator cell for Terahertz transmission (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Abstract—In this contribution a novel dielectric radio frequency (RF) applicator cell with an open aperture exceeding the beam waist for terahertz (THz) transmission is presented. Dielectric heating equations are shown that explain the relation of losses and temperature of the material under test. Next to fundamental considerations, we are presenting 3D-EM simulations and measurement results of a manufactured RF applicator cell that shows excellent properties within the frequency range from 10MHz to 1 GHz.&lt;/p&gt;
Fiber-Coupled Diamond Magnetometry with an Unshielded Sensitivity of 30pT/Hz (2023)

Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVCs) in diamond can be employed for sensitive magnetometry. In this work, we present a fiber-coupled NVC magnetometer with an unshielded sensitivity of $(30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{pT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in a (10--500)-Hz frequency range. This sensitivity is enabled by a relatively high green-to-red photon conversion efficiency, the use of a [100] bias-field alignment, microwave and lock-in amplifier (LIA) parameter optimization, as well as a balanced hyperfine-excitation scheme. Furthermore, a silicon carbide ($\mathrm{SiC}$) heat spreader is used for microwave delivery, alongside low-strain 1-${\mathrm{mm}}^{3}{\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}}^{12}$$\mathrm{C}$ diamonds, one of which is placed in a second magnetically insensitive fluorescence-collecting sensor head for common-mode noise cancellation. The magnetometer is capable of detecting signals from sources such as a vacuum pump up to 2 m away, with some orientation dependence but no complete dead zones, demonstrating its potential for use in remote-sensing applications.
Induced topological changes in DNA complexes: influence of DNA sequences and small molecule structures (2011)

Heterocyclic diamidines are compounds with antiparasitic properties that target the minor groove of kinetoplast DNA. The mechanism of action of these compounds is unknown, but topological changes to DNA structures are likely to be involved. In this study, we have developed a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-based screening method to determine topological effects of heterocyclic diamidines on four minor groove target sequences: AAAAA, TTTAA, AAATT and ATATA. The AAAAA and AAATT sequences have the largest intrinsic bend, whereas the TTTAA and ATATA sequences are relatively straight. The changes caused by binding of the compounds are sequence dependent, but generally the topological effects on AAAAA and AAATT are similar as are the effects on TTTAA and ATATA. A total of 13 compounds with a variety of structural differences were evaluated for topological changes to DNA. All compounds decrease the mobility of the ATATA sequence that is consistent with decreased minor groove width and bending of the relatively straight DNA into the minor groove. Similar, but generally smaller, effects are seen with TTTAA. The intrinsically bent AAAAA and AAATT sequences, which have more narrow minor grooves, have smaller mobility changes on binding that are consistent with increased or decreased bending depending on compound structure.
Total Synthesis of Swinholide A, Preswinholide A, and Hemiswinholide A (1996)

Abstract The total synthesis of synthesis of swinholide A ( 1 ) has been accomplished via key intermediate aldehyde 12 (Fig. 3), whose construction started from L‐rhamnose ( 18 ), epoxide 21 , and phenylsulfone orthoester 22 , and proceeded through an Enders asymmetric alkylation ( 16 + 17 → 15 ), a Ghosez cyclization ( 21 + 22 → 20 ), and a Corey‐Sharpless coupling reaction ( 13 + 14 → 12 ). Elaboration of compound 12 along slightly different pathways culminated in the synthesis of carboxylic acid 10 and hydroxy compound 11 , whose union by an esterification reaction, followed by ring closure of the subsequently derived hydroxy acid under Yamaguchi conditions, led to swinholide A ( 1 ) upon deprotection. The chemistry developed also allowed the total synthesis of preswinholide A methyl ester ( 7 ), preswinholide A ( 8 ), and hemiswinholide A ( 78 ).
Symmetry of the canine femur: Implications for experimental sample size requirements (1988)

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of bilateral variability in cross-sectional geometric properties of the adult canine proximal femur and to use these data to determine minimum detectable treatment effects in paired and independent experimental designs. Thirteen pairs of canine femora were sectioned at nine locations and 16 cross-sectional geometric properties were determined for each section location. The canine femur was found to be bilaterally symmetrical. For a given sample size, the magnitude of the detectable treatment effect was (a) smaller for diameters than for areas and area moments of inertia and (b) smaller within the middiaphysis than proximally. The data from this study can be used to estimate sample size requirements for experiments in which the treatment effect is determined by using the contralateral femur as a control. It was found that an increase from 3 to 7 animals would have a much greater effect on improving the sensitivity of an experiment than would an increase from 7 to 11 animals.
Ovarian cancer (1984)

GRANOWSKA, M.; SHEPHERD, J.; BRITTON, K. E.; WARD, B.; MATHER, S.; TAYLOR-PAPADIMITRIOU, J.; EPENETOS, A. A.; CARROLL, M. J.; NIMMON, C. C.; HAWKINS, L. A.; SLEVIN, M.; FLATMAN, W.; HORNE, T.; BURCHELL, J.; DURBIN, H.; BODMER, W. Author Information
Comparative study of Pulsed IR Thermography and Ultrasonic Testing to obtain a porosity mapping of oxide/oxide CMC specimens (2019)

In this paper, a Non Destructive Testing approach by active infrared thermography is used to investigate porosity in oxide/oxide CMC specimens. In this study, an experimental bench is developed using pulsed thermography in reflection or transmission modes coupled with transient heat transfer modelling in order to detect inhomogeneities. Results obtained are discussed and compared to ultrasonic testing which is commonly used in Non Destructive Tests.
<title>Hybrid higher order optical symbolic recognition</title> (1990)

Several new higher-order spatial symbol recognition methods for optical symbolic substitution-based calculations are presented. In case of logic processing, higher-order symbolic substitution (SS) rules can be applied to implement multi-variable logic functions. In binary arithmetical calculations requiring carry propagation, the simultaneous processing of a number of bits increases computational speed. Finally, using higher-order SS rules, image processing can be perform using larger windows. Both, multiplicative and additive techniques for a spatial symbol recognition are discussed. Four different optical architectures, a multi-reflecting technique using an optical cavity, a correlation, a phase conjugation and a content-addressable memory (CAM) techniques, are suggested. Optical either dual-rail (DR) or triple-rail (TR) spatial encoding is employed. Some preliminary experimental results are also included.
Dominic Hyde. Vagueness, logic and ontology. Ashgate, Aldershot, 2008, xii + 226 pp. (2010)

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Comparison of two techniques for detecting cardiac activity in infants (1983)

In the 1980 Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, the recommended method for determining cardiac arrest in infants was changed from palpation of the apical impulse to palpation of the brachial pulse. The importance of adequately assessing the heart beat before initiating chest compressions due to the potential hazards is well established. This study was designed to ascertain which pulse parents could palpate most readily and accurately count within a given time. The results demonstrated the brachial pulse was much easier to palpate and more accurately counted by parents than the apical impulse. These findings formed the basis for the 1980 revised recommendation for determining cardiac arrest in infants.
Exploring reversible oxidation of oxygen in a manganese oxide (2016)

Oxidation of layered P3-Na<sub>0.6</sub>(Li<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.8</sub>)O<sub>2</sub> by electrochemical removal of Na<sup>+</sup> introduces holes into the O-2p bands at 4.2 V, but the voltage plateau fades on cycling.
Acid-Promoted Reaction of Trimethylsilylketene Bis(ethylthio)acetal with Imines. Synthesis of γ,γ-Bis(ethylthio)allylamines (2003)

Acid-catalyzed reaction of silylketene dithioacetal 1 with iminium salts or imines 3b,d-h gave the corresponding gamma,gamma-bis(ethylthio)allylamines 2a-h or 5b,d-h in generally high yields. Similar reactions of 1 with (salicylidene)amines 6a-e afforded 4-amino-2,2-bis(ethylthio)chromans 8a-e in good to moderate yields.
A 48 MHz 880-nW Standby Power Normally-Off MCU with 1 Clock Full Backup and 4.69-μs Wakeup Featuring 60-nm Crystalline In–Ga–Zn Oxide BEOL-FETs (2019)

We have prototyped a microcontroller (MCU) that employs crystalline In-Ga-Zn oxide transistors having an extremely low off current below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-21</sup> A. The IGZO-based MCU can retain data during power gating in both of its processing unit and memory, and there is an integrated voltage regulator that can store the reference voltage. The MCU is prototyped with the combination of 60-nm IGZO (in BEOL) and 110-nm Si CMOS processes. It has a standby power of 880 nW, a system backup time of 21 ns and a system wakeup time of 4.69 μs. The MCU that employs IGZO technology can be applied to devices which require low power consumption as well as fast wakeup.
Simultaneous beam steering of multiple signals based on optical wavelength-selective switch (2015)

A novel, photonics-based scheme for the independent and simultaneous beam steering of multiple radio frequency signals at a wideband phased-array antenna is presented. As a proof of concept, a wavelength-selective switch (WSS) is employed both as a wavelength router to feed multiple antenna elements and as a tunable phase shifter to independently control the phase of each signal at any antenna element. In the experiment, two signals at 12.5 and 37.5 GHz are simultaneously fed to the four output ports of the WSS with independent and tunable phase shifts, emulating the independent steering of two signals in a four-element phased-array antenna. The results confirm the precision and flexibility of the proposed scheme, which can be realized both with bulk components or resorting to photonic integrated circuits, especially for wide-band applications. The architecture for a possible integrated implementation of the proposed solution is presented, employing a structure based on micro-ring resonator. Starting from these results, the feasibility of an integrated version of the presented architecture is also considered. The proposed photonic integrated circuit realizing the beam-forming network might be based on tunable true-time delay, as well as on phase shift through micro-ring resonators, and could be conveniently implemented with CMOS-compatible silicon technology.
Primate monocular vision is intrinsically unstable: a side-effect of binocular homeostasis (2022)

Short-term deprivation of one eye of 1-2 hours in human adults results in reciprocal changes in the interocular balance that last 30-90 minutes, assumed to be the consequence of a change in the contrast gain within the binocular circuitry. What is not known is how these changes emerge and with what dynamic. One possibility is that they are initiated once the patch is removed. The alternative is that they result from a dynamic build-up from the moment the patch is applied. In this study, we measure the monocular dynamics of the non-deprived eye activation during the deprivation of the other eye in humans, using psychophysics, and in awake non-human primates, using functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) of the primary visual cortex (V1). In humans, we show that the contrast threshold increases overtime during the deprivation of the other eye. This observation indicates that the patching effect slowly builds up over the deprivation period at a binocular site. In the awake macaque, we show that during monocular deprivation the cerebral blood volume (CBV) increases in the non-deprived eye ocular-dominance bands, but not the deprived eye bands with similar dynamics as observed in human psychophysics. We show that human behavioral results can be predicted by a simple interocular normalization model that uses non-human primate CBV dynamics as a descriptor of the normalization pool activity. In conclusion, our results highlight a hitherto unknown feature of primate vision: monocular vision per se is intrinsically unstable.
Wind turbine planetary gearbox feature extraction and fault diagnosis using a deep-learning-based approach (2018)

Planetary gearboxes are widely used in the drivetrain of wind turbines. Planetary gearbox fault diagnosis is very important for reducing the downtime and maintenance cost and improving the safety, reliability, and life span of the wind turbines. The wind energy industry is currently using condition monitoring systems to collect massive real-time data and conventional vibratory analysis as a standard method for planetary gearbox condition monitoring. As an attractive option to process big data for fault diagnosis, deep learning can automatically learn features that otherwise require much skill, time, and experience. This article presents a new deep-learning-based method for wind turbine planetary gearbox fault diagnosis developed by a large memory storage and retrieval neural network with dictionary learning. The developed approach can automatically extract self-learned fault features from raw vibration monitoring data and perform planetary gearbox fault diagnosis without supervised fine-tuning process. From the raw vibration monitoring data, a dictionary is first learned by a large memory storage and retrieval with dictionary learning network. Based on the learned dictionary, a sparse representation of the raw vibration signals is generated by shift-invariant sparse coding and input to a large memory storage and retrieval network classifier to obtain fault diagnosis results. The structure of the large memory storage and retrieval with dictionary learning is determined by optimal selection of the sliding box size to generate sub-patterns from the vibration data. The effectiveness of the presented method is tested and validated with a set of seeded fault vibration data collected at a planetary gearbox test rig in laboratory. The validation results have shown a promising planetary gearbox fault diagnosis performance with the presented method.