gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Control of an Electromechanical Disk Brake (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the scope of a research collaboration, ITT Automotive Europe and Darmstadt University of Technology are developing control strategies for a low-cost Brake-by-Wire system. However, since there is a wide range of variation in the efficiency of the gear units used in electromechanical brakes, this becomes a demanding task.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper first describes the assembly and operation of ITT's early generation brake actuator. It introduces a model of the electromechanical brake with its structure and subsystems as a major tool in the development process. A detailed analysis of the signals, already available from the brake and the vehicle, is discussed for their advantages and disadvantages with regard to a possible use in the controller design.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Different approaches for clamping-force, peripheral-force and brake-torque sensing are compared. An integrated clamping force sensor for feedback control of prototype actuators was developed. To adjust the clearance without a force sensor, a strategy to detect the contact point between the brake pads and the brake disk is introduced. The test stand used for the development and testing of the controller and the clearance management as well as the first experimental results are shown.&lt;/div&gt;
Preparation and Characterization of Ni/ZrTiAlOx Catalyst via Sol-Gel and Impregnation Methods for Low Temperature Dry Reforming of Methane (2020)

Recently, the dry reforming of methane (DRM) has received much attention as a conversion technology of greenhouse gases. Ni-based catalysts supported on ternary metal oxide composite (ZrTiAlOx) were prepared to improve the coke resistance properties in the DRM (CH4:CO2 = 1) at low temperature. The ZrTiAlOx supports with different ratios of Zr/Ti were prepared through the modified Pechini sol-gel method, and then the Ni was impregnated on the synthesized support via the incipient wetness impregnation method. Considering the Zr/Ti ratios, different catalytic activity and durability in the DRM were identified. The Ni/ZrTiAlOx catalyst with Zr/Ti of 2 exhibited enhanced coke inhibition property compared to the others at low temperature DRM for 50 h. The catalysts with a high Zr/Ti ratio under the same condition were rapidly deactivated, while the catalyst with a low Zr/Ti ratio showed deficient activity. It was found from temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSR) and DRIFTS (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy) analysis that the addition of Ti has led in to higher catalytic stability at Zr/Ti = 2, which could be as a result of oxygen vacancies generated by the ternary metal oxides. Ni/ZrTiAlOx catalyst with ratio of Zr/Ti = 2 showed high stability and good catalytic activity towards DRM for the production of syngas.
After or against secularism: Muslims in Europe (2018)

The postsecular has been conceptualized, both in general terms and also in relation to particular countries and religious groups, as a historical shift in which religion is returning from the margins and the shadows to the centre ground of public life (Habermas 2008). From the perspective of religious groups, minorities in particular, narratives of the return of religion are problematic. We develop this argument with reference to British Muslims of Pakistani heritage, and Polish Muslims with mixed heritage.
Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Formamidinium Lead Bromide (2014)

The development of medium-bandgap solar cell absorber materials is of interest for the design of devices such as tandem solar cells and building-integrated photovoltaics. The recently developed perovskite solar cells can be suitable candidates for these applications. At present, wide bandgap alkylammonium lead bromide perovskite absorbers require a high-temperature sintered mesoporous TiO2 photoanode in order to function efficiently, which makes them unsuitable for some of the above applications. Here, we present for the first time highly efficient wide bandgap planar heterojunction solar cells based on the structurally related formamidinium lead bromide. We show that this material exhibits much longer diffusion lengths of the photoexcited species than its methylammonium counterpart. This results in planar heterojunction solar cells exhibiting power conversion efficiencies approaching 7%. Hence, formamidinium lead bromide is a strong candidate as a wide bandgap absorber in perovskite solar cells.
Robust design and model validation of nonlinear compliant micromechanisms. (2005)

Although the use of compliance or elastic flexibility in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) helps eliminate friction, wear, and backlash, compliant MEMS are known to be sensitive to variations in material properties and feature geometry, resulting in large uncertainties in performance. This paper proposes an approach for design stage uncertainty analysis, model validation, and robust optimization of nonlinear MEMS to account for critical process uncertainties including residual stress, layer thicknesses, edge bias, and material stiffness. A fully compliant bistable micromechanism (FCBM) is used as an example, demonstrating that the approach can be used to handle complex devices involving nonlinear finite element models. The general shape of the force-displacement curve is validated by comparing the uncertainty predictions to measurements obtained from in situ force gauges. A robust design is presented, where simulations show that the estimated force variation at the point of interest may be reduced from {+-}47 {micro}N to {+-}3 {micro}N. The reduced sensitivity to process variations is experimentally validated by measuring the second stable position at multiple locations on a wafer.
Regularized channel inversion with quantized feedback in down-link multiuser channels (2009)

We consider regularized channel inversion (RI) precoding in the multiuser multiple input multiple output (Mu-MIMO) broadcast channels. To make the RI operate in quantized channel feedback condition, we analyze the quantization error variance and its effect on the signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) of the user signals. The regularization parameter ¿ is optimized to balance the additive noise, the multiuser interference and the interference due to the quantization error and to maximize SINR. Analysis and simulations show that regularization enhances the performance of zero forcing beam forming (ZFBF) over the whole signal to noise power ratio (SNR) range. This is contrasting to the perfect channel status information (CSI) case, where the enhancement is observed in the low SNR region.
Seminal Plasma Induces Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase (PTGS) 2 Expression in Immortalized Human Vaginal Cells: Involvement of Semen Prostaglandin E2 in PTGS2 Upregulation1 (2012)

Inflammation of the cervicovaginal mucosa is considered a risk factor for HIV infection in heterosexual transmission. In this context, seminal plasma (SP) may play an important role that is not limited to being the main carrier for the virions. It is known that SP induces an inflammatory reaction in the cervix called postcoital leukocytic reaction, which has been associated with promotion of fertility. The mechanisms by which SP triggers this reaction, however, have not been clearly established. Previously we reported the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), also known as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), in human vaginal cells in response to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and other proinflammatory stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that SP induces transcriptional and translational increase of COX-2 expression in human vaginal cells and cervicovaginal tissue explants. Furthermore, SP potentiates vaginal PTGS2 expression induced by other proinflammatory stimulants, such as TLR ligands and a vaginal mucosal irritant (nonoxynol-9) in a synergistic manner. SP-induced PTGS2 expression is mediated by intracellular signaling pathways involving MAPKs and NF-κB. Using fractionation and functional analysis, seminal prostaglandin (PG)-E(2) was identified as a one of the major factors in PTGS2 induction. Given the critical role of this PG-producing enzyme in mucosal inflammatory processes, the finding that SP induces and potentiates the expression of PTGS2 in cervicovaginal cells and tissues has mechanistic implications for the role of SP in fertility-associated mucosal leukocytic reaction and its potential HIV infection-enhancing effect.
Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced receptor switch (2014)

Lassa virus spreads from a rodent to humans and can lead to lethal hemorrhagic fever. Despite its broad tropism, chicken cells were reported 30 years ago to resist infection. We found that Lassa virus readily engaged its cell-surface receptor α-dystroglycan in avian cells, but virus entry in susceptible species involved a pH-dependent switch to an intracellular receptor, the lysosome-resident protein LAMP1. Iterative haploid screens revealed that the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 was required for the interaction of the virus glycoprotein with LAMP1. A single glycosylated residue in LAMP1, present in susceptible species but absent in birds, was essential for interaction with the Lassa virus envelope protein and subsequent infection. The resistance of Lamp1-deficient mice to Lassa virus highlights the relevance of this receptor switch in vivo.
Secure distributed membership tests via secret sharing: How to hide your hostile hosts: Harnessing shamir secret sharing (2016)

Data security and availability for operational use are frequently seen as conflicting goals. Research on searchable encryption and homomorphic encryption are a start, but they typically build from encryption methods that, at best, provide protections based on problems assumed to be computationally hard. By contrast, data encoding methods such as secret sharing provide information-theoretic data protections. Archives that distribute data using secret sharing can provide data protections that are resilient to malicious insiders, compromised systems, and untrusted components. In this paper, we create the Serial Interpolation Filter, a method for storing and interacting with sets of data that are secured and distributed using secret sharing. We provide the ability to operate over set-oriented data distributed across multiple repositories without exposing the original data. Furthermore, we demonstrate the security of our method under various attacker models and provide protocol extensions to handle colluding attackers. The Serial Interpolation Filter provides information-theoretic protections from a single attacker and computationally hard protections from colluding attackers.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Acquired Resistance to Dasatinib in Lung Cancer Cell Lines Conferred by <i>DDR2</i> Gatekeeper Mutation and <i>NF1</i> Loss (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 36KB, Sensitivity of NCI-H2286 and NCI-H2286-DR to MEK inhibitor is unchanged in the presence or absence of dasatinib.&lt;/p&gt;
A spatial truncation approach to the analysis of optical imaging of the retina in humans and cats (2005)

We have proposed a new method for the extraction of the retinal optical imaging signal in humans and cats, based on the assumption that in the retina the spatial distribution of the signal is similar to that of the projection of the visual stimulus. The obtained spatial truncation maps, though noisy, have time-courses that may fit the known physiology.
INTERACTION OF SILVER IONS WITH SULPHIDE MINERALS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE CHALCOPYRITE/PYRITE GALVANIC COUPLE (2008)

AbstractShort and long term immersion tests were performed using different massive mineral sulphide specimens of museum grade and quartz of analytical grade in an acid medium containing silver ions. After attack, the sample surfaces were observed by SEM and products characterized by EDS. Parallel, massive specimens of pyrite (FeS2) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) were embedded in an epoxy resin, either electrically isolated or in electrical contact and treated with solution containing silver ions in the presence of bacteria. Finally, massive chalcopyrite and pyrite electrodes were subjected to electrochemical measurements in an acid medium under different experimental conditions (addition of silver ions and inoculation). Silver deposition took place preferentially on specific mineral surfaces: chalcopyrite, galena, covellite and chalcocite. Conversely, the chemical reaction of silver ions with pyrite and sphalerite was negligible. In a mixture of chalcopyrite and pyrite, silver was deposited on the former surface creating new cathodic sites which accelerated the electrochemical reactions of chalcopyrite dissolution.On a effectué des essais d'immersion à court et à long terme en utilisant différents spécimens de minéral de sulfure massif de qualité musée et du quartz de qualité analytique en milieu acide contenant des ions d'argent. Après l'attaque, on a observé la surface des échantillons au SEM et l'on a caractérisé les produits par EDS. On a incorporé en parallèle dans une résine époxy les spécimens massifs de pyrite (FeS2) et de chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), soit électriquement isolés ou en contact électrique et on les a traités avec une solution contenant des ions d'argent en présence de bactéries. Finalement, on a soumis les électrodes massives de chalcopyrite et de pyrite à des mesures électrochimiques dans un milieu acide sous différentes conditions expérimentales (addition d'ions d'argent et inoculation). Le dépôt d'argent a pris place préférentiellement sur des surfaces minérales spécifiques: chalcopyrite, galène, covelline et chalcosine. Inversement, la réaction chimique des ions d'argent avec la pyrite et la fausse galène était négligeable. Dans un mélange de chalcopyrite et de pyrite, l'argent était déposé sur la première surface, créant de nouveaux sites cathodiques qui accéléraient les réactions électrochimiques de dissolution de la chalcopyrite.
The Critical Role of the Pathologist in Determining Eligibility for Active Surveillance as a Management Option in Patients With Prostate Cancer: Consensus Statement With Recommendations Supported by the College of American Pathologists, International Society of Urological Pathology, Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology, the New Zealand Society of Pathologists, and the Prostate Cancer Foundation (2014)

Active surveillance is an important management option for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Vital to this process is the critical role pathologic parameters have in identifying appropriate candidates for active surveillance. These findings need to be reproducible and consistently reported by surgical pathologists with accurate pathology reporting.
Semantic Scene Models for Visual Localization under Large Viewpoint Changes (2018)

We propose an approach for camera pose estimation under large viewpoint changes using only 2D RGB images. This enables a mobile robot to relocalize itself with respect to a previously-visited scene when seeing it again from a completely new vantage point. In order to overcome large appearance changes, we integrate a variety of cues, including object detections, vanishing points, structure from motion, and object-to-object context in order to constrain the camera geometry, while simultaneously estimating the 3D pose of covisible objects represented as bounding cuboids. We propose an efficient sampling-based approach that quickly cuts down the high-dimensional search space, and a robust correspondence algorithm that matches covisible objects via inter-object spatial relationships. We validate our approach using the publicly available Sun3D dataset, in which we demonstrate the ability to handle camera translations of up to 5.9 meters and camera rotations of up to 110 degrees.
Constrained polarization evolution simplifies depth-resolved retardation measurements with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2019)

We observed that the polarization state of light after round-trip propagation through a birefringent medium frequently aligns with the employed input polarization state 'mirrored' by the horizontal plane of the Poincaré sphere. We explored the predisposition for this mirror state and evidence that it constrains the evolution of polarization states as a function of the round-trip depth into weakly scattering birefringent samples, as measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Combined with spectral variations in the polarization state transmitted through system components, we demonstrate how this constraint enables measurement of depth-resolved birefringence using only a single input polarization state, which offers a critical simplification compared to conventional PS-OCT employing two input states.
Selective proteome‐wide detection of hydrophobic integral membrane proteins using a novel fluorescence‐based staining technology (2004)

Integral proteins containing two or more alpha-helical membrane-spanning domains are underrepresented in two-dimensional gels. While sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels separate these proteins, staining profiles are usually dominated by high-abundance hydrophilic proteins in the specimen. A fluorescence-based stain is presented that selectively highlights integral proteins containing two or more alpha-helical transmembrane domains but does not detect lipoproteins or proteins with hydrophobic pockets, such as albumin. The stain detects as little as 5-10 ng of bacteriorhodopsin, a seven-helix transmembrane protein. Stained proteins are detected using a laser scanner or charge-coupled device (CCD) camera imaging system. Fluorescence intensity of stained bands is linear with protein quantity over at least two orders of magnitude. After visualizing transmembraneous proteins, the total protein profile may be revealed using a general protein stain. Analysis of the multisubunit protein F1F0 ATP synthase revealed selective staining of the a and c subunits, polypeptides known to possess 5 and 2 transmembrane domains, respectively.
GaAs PHOTOCONDUCTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH FABRICATION FOR IMPROVED RELIABILITY. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Folic Acid Receptor-Targeted, β-Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Complexes for Cancer Treatment (2013)

Drug targeting is an active area of research and nano-scaled drug delivery systems hold tremendous potential for the treatment of neoplasms. In this study, a novel cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticle drug delivery system has been assembled and characterized for the therapy of folate receptor-positive [FR(+)] cancer. Water-soluble folic acid (FA)-conjugated CD carriers (FACDs) were successfully synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and circular dichroism. Drug complexes of adamatane (Ada) and cytotoxic doxorubicin (Dox) with FACD were readily obtained by mixed solvent precipitation. The average size of FACD-Ada-Dox was 1.5-2.5 nm. The host-guest association constant K a was 1,639 M(-1) as determined by induced circular dichroism and the hydrophilicity of the FACDs was greatly enhanced compared to unmodified CD. Cellular uptake and FR binding competitive experiments demonstrated an efficient and preferentially targeted delivery of Dox into FR-positive tumor cells and a sustained drug release profile was seen in vitro. The delivery of Dox into FR(+) cancer cells via endocytosis was observed by confocal microscopy and drug uptake of the targeted nanoparticles was 8-fold greater than that of non-targeted drug complexes. Our docking results suggest that FA, FACD and FACD-Ada-Dox could bind human hedgehog interacting protein that contains a FR domain. Mouse cardiomyocytes as well as fibroblast treated with FACD-Ada-Dox had significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species, with increased content of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating a reduced potential for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. These results indicate that the targeted drug complex possesses high drug association and sustained drug release properties with good biocompatibility and physiological stability. The novel FA-conjugated β-CD based drug complex might be promising as an anti-tumor treatment for FR(+) cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Deoxy‐2‐C‐p‐tolylsulfonyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl p‐Tolyl Sulfones Having Non‐Chair Conformation and Their Elimination Reactions. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigation of ultrasound propagation through dense glass bead packings immersed in water (2023)

Conventional ultrasound imaging generally relies on a single scattering assumption and a constant sound hypothesis. However, in dense granular sediments where the glass beads diameter is comparable to the wavelength (typically 500 μm), both hypothesizes are no longer valid, resulting in a loss of resolution and contrast, up to the situation where a target to image could totally vanish in the fog. To better characterize this strongly scattering medium, we have conducted several ultrasonic experiments in reflection and in transmission, either on the diffused wave or on the coherent one. Both the transport and scattering mean free paths are estimated in the imaging bandwidth (1–5 MHz), alongside with the phase velocity and extinction length of the coherent wave. These results are compared with an analytical model, i.e. Generalized Coherent Potential Approximation*, which considers a coated sphere buried in an effective medium. Finally, we show a dispersive beamformer which takes into account the measured phase and group velocity. This allows us to obtain a more resolved and contrasted image in such a scattering medium. * Jing X, Sheng P, Zhou M. Phys Rev Lett. 1991
A potassium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (1992)

The characteristics of a potassium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter operating on the blue and near infrared transitions are calculated. The results show that the filter can be designed to provide high transmission, very narrow pass bandwidth, and low equivalent noise bandwidth. The Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) provides a narrow pass bandwidth (about GHz) optical filter for laser communications, remote sensing, and lidar. The general theoretical model for the FADOF has been established in our previous paper. In this paper, we have identified the optimum operational conditions for a potassium FADOF operating on the blue and infrared transitions. The signal transmission, bandwidth, and equivalent noise bandwidth (ENBW) are also calculated.
Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonins on bronchial eosinophilia and hyper‐responsiveness in a murine model of allergic inflammation (2004)

These data show that bacterial Cpns can suppress eosinophil recruitment and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in a murine model of allergic inflammation.