gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vapor pressure thermometry at room temperature (2017)

Many calorimetric sensing applications, such as measurement of heat exchange in chemical reactions or of the heat production of biological specimens, require high-resolution temperature sensors suitable for use at or near room temperature. We have developed a thermometer that measures changes in the vapor pressure of a volatile substance to infer the temperature of its liquid phase. Our prototype sensor provided a noise-equivalent-temperature resolution of 16 μK over a 1 Hz bandwidth - an order of magnitude improvement over previous vapor-pressure thermometers. The thermometer design enables temperature-resolution that has the potential to be extended to the microkelvin range, and imposes minimal thermal load on the heat source. Furthermore, the sensing element responsible for transduction of temperature changes into movement is inexpensive, enabling the possibility of disposable transducing elements in a sensor system. While this thermometer demonstrates the feasibility of the modality for high-resolution measurements of temperature change, without further advances in methodology current construction techniques limit the reproducibility between sensors, which may constrain the wide applicability of the sensor system.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Research Note: Evaluation of dietary administration of sodium chlorate and sodium nitrate for Histomonas meleagridis prophylaxis in turkeys (2020)

Histomoniasis is currently a re-emerging disease of major significance for many commercial turkey and broiler breeder production companies because of the unavailability of drugs or vaccines. The protozoa Histomonas meleagridis (HM) requires the presence of enteric microflora to promote the disease. The objectives of this research note were to evaluate the effect of dietary administration of sodium chlorate (SC) and sodium nitrate (SN) in vitro and in vivo for HM prophylaxis in poults. A total of 128 day-of-hatch female poults obtained from a commercial hatchery were wing-tagged and randomly assigned into 1 of 4 experimental groups: negative control (NC), positive control, dietary inclusion of SC (3,200 ppm) and SN (500 ppm). Poults from groups SC and SN started on their respective diets on day 12. All groups, except the NC, were challenged with 2 × 10<sup>5</sup> HM on day 19. Controls were fed a basal diet, identical to the treatment diets but not supplemented with SC or SN. Body weight gain (BWG) was determined weekly, starting on day 1 until day 28, and postchallenge morbidity and mortality were recorded. On day 28 of age, all surviving poults were lesion scored for hepatic and cecal lesions. Ceca and distal ileum were collected on day 28 for bacterial recovery on selective media for total aerobic, lactic acid bacteria, or gram-negative bacteria. The addition of SC and SN in the in vitro growth of HM greatly reduced the growth of the protozoa after 20 h of incubation when compared with the control nontreated group (P < 0.05). However, dietary supplementation of SC and SN had no effect against HM in vivo, as was demonstrated by BWG, the severity of lesions in the liver and ceca or bacterial recovery of treated poults when compared with the positive control group.
Generation of minimal protein identifiers of proteins from two-dimensional gels and recombinant proteins (2002)

We describe the technical feasibility and methodology to characterize a protein by a minimal set of structural information generated by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry, termed a "minimal protein Identifier" (MPI). MPIs can be determined for proteins from two-dimensional gels and recombinant proteins and can be used to compare and identify proteins from these sources.
GLUT1, récepteur du virus de la leucémie T humaine (HTLV), un lien entre expression érythrocytaire et incapacité de synthèse de la vitamine C (2008)

Auteur(s) : A Montel-Hagen, N Taylor, M Sitbon Institut de genetique moleculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS, universite Montpellier-I et II, Montpellier L’identification du transporteur de glucose GLUT1 comme recepteur de la glycoproteine d’enveloppe (Env) du virus de la leucemie T humaine (HTLV) [1] a permis de developper un ligand extracellulaire de GLUT1, derive de la composante de surface amino-terminale (N-term) de Env (SU) [2]. SU est associee a la composante [...]
Sub-200-fs microjoule pulses from an all-fiber CPA system (2011)

Here, we report on the performance of a new stretcher fiber designed to have negative third-order dispersion in an all-fiber-integrated laser-amplifier system. The whole system except for the compressor is made up of fiber-integrated components and delivers 2 μJ 189 fs long pulses after compression.
Leveraging Patient Information Sharing Using Blockchain-Based Distributed Networks (2022)

Nowadays, due to the evolution of information technologies and their adoption in the healthcare domain, new risks to medical data protection and patient privacy are increasingly present. It is therefore important to implement approaches that can prevent rapidly emerging cyber-attacks. Essentially, the adoption of cyber security measures in healthcare should be oriented towards a better assurance of patient rights and consent management. Blockchain is one of the most advanced technologies that can deal with many types of cyber threats ensuring the integrity, availability, and privacy of the data. It adds elements of trust and traceability to the data exchange processes deployed within Hospital information systems and beyond. In this paper, we study the usability of blockchain in the healthcare domain and we develop a data exchange approach based on the Hyperledger Blockchain model. The focus here will be mainly on privacy concerns and the integration of patient consent in the data sharing operational controls.
Fundamental relation between phase and group velocity, and application to the failure of perfectly matched layers in backward-wave structures (2009)

We demonstrate that the ratio of group to phase velocity has a simple relationship to the orientation of the electromagnetic field. In nondispersive materials, opposite group and phase velocity corresponds to fields that are mostly oriented in the propagation direction. More generally, this relationship (including the case of dispersive and negative-index materials) offers a perspective on the phenomena of backward waves and left-handed media. As an application of this relationship, we demonstrate and explain an irrecoverable failure of perfectly matched layer absorbing boundaries in computer simulations for constant cross-section waveguides with backward-wave modes and suggest an alternative in the form of adiabatic isotropic absorbers.
Tunable bandwidth for application-specific SAxP process enhancement (2018)

Use of ArFi lithography requires application-specific tuning to maximize patterning process windows. Previous investigations into the effects of light source bandwidth on imaging performance have provided the foundation for this work by identifying significant improvements in Exposure Latitude for reduced sensitivity to dose variations. This study will focus on the increase in image contrast that 200 fm light source E95 bandwidth enables on Self- Aligned Quadruple Patterning (SAQP) and Self-Aligned Double Patterning (SADP) core features. Focus of our investigation will be the understanding of roughness and profile variation through different exposure conditions.
Extending the limits of i-line lithography for via layers and minimization of dense-iso bias (1999)

This paper describes the result of patterning contact holes on a TEOS substrate with 365 nm lithography using both binary and phase shift mask techniques. The target CD on the wafer was 0.34 micrometers and the minimum pitch was 0.63 micrometers . Results show significant improvement in depth-of-focus using the phase-shift mask. With the binary mask we obtained 0.6- micrometers DOF for both isolated and dense contact holes while with the phase-shift mask we obtained 1-micrometers DOF. Using the phase-shift mask we can also improve the linearity slightly for dense contacts and significantly for isolated contacts. The effect of pitch on contact size was also studied, showing that the intermediate pitch contacts print larger than the isolated or minimum pitch contacts. Using a mask- to-wafer bias of 60-80nm the largest bias between contacts of various sizes was 25 nm.
Compressive sensing of streams of pulses (2009)

Compressive sensing (CS) has developed as an enticing alternative to the traditional process of signal acquisition. For a length-N signal with sparsity K, merely M = O(K log N) ¿ N random linear projections (measurements) can be used for robust reconstruction in polynomial time. Sparsity is a powerful and simple signal model; yet, richer models that impose additional structure on the sparse nonzeros of a signal have been studied theoretically and empirically from the CS perspective. In this work, we introduce and study a sparse signal model for streams of pulses, i.e., S-sparse signals convolved with an unknown F-sparse impulse response. Our contributions are threefold: (i) we geometrically model this set of signals as an infinite union of subspaces; (ii) we derive a sufficient number of random measurements M required to preserve the metric information of this set. In particular this number is linear merely in the number of degrees of freedom of the signal S + F, and sublinear in the sparsity K = SF; (iii) we develop an algorithm that performs recovery of the signal from M measurements and analyze its performance under noise and model mismatch. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate the utility of our proposed theory and algorithm. Our method is amenable to diverse applications such as the high-resolution sampling of neuronal recordings and ultra-wideband (UWB) signals.
Gamma correction acceleration for real-time text extraction from complex colored images (2015)

Text extraction from complex colored images involves the suppression of unwanted background while keeping text features. Imaging devices are almost omnipresent and the unrestricted conditions of the images present new challenges for real-time OCR systems. The recently proposed Gamma Correction Method [1] is a robust and good quality method for text extraction in complex colored images. However it requires a large amount of computing resources and is not well suited for real-time applications. In this paper we propose an efficient acceleration of the GCM to drastically reduce its execution-time, while preserving the text extraction quality. Experimental results on ICDAR dataset show that our approach is effective and can reach a speedup of up to 11.430.
Elaboration and properties of hierarchically structured optical thin films of MIL-101(Cr) (2009)

Stable nanoparticles dispersions of the porous hybrid MIL-101(Cr) allow dip-coating of high quality optical thin films with dual hierarchical porous structure. Moreover, for the first time, mechanical and sorption properties of mesoporous MOFs based thin films are evaluated.
Coordination of DERs in Microgrids with Cybersecure Resilient Decentralized Secondary Frequency Contro (2018)

Microgrids are emerging as an important strategy to advance resiliency of modern electric power systems. In this paper, a robust decentralized secondary frequency control design for islanded microgrids is developed to enable resilient coordination and integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). We cast the control problem centrally under steady state and adopt the feedback-based Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for solving the decentralized control updates. The ADMM algorithm uses measurements at various points in the system to solve for control signals. Measurements and control commands are sent over communication networks such as Ethernet-based local area networks in the IEC 61850 standard. To enhance the robustness to cyber intrusions, we modify the ADMM algorithm using the Round-Robin technique to detect malicious DERs. As a complementary defense, an agreement algorithm based on a fast computation of Kirchhoff law conditions is implemented for continuously detecting false measurements. The results are demonstrated through simulation for a representative microgrid topology.
Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of (La,Ca)3Si6N11:Ce3+ Fine Powder Phosphors for Solid-State Lighting (2011)

We have developed a new Ce(3+)-activated nitride phosphor, (La,Ca)(3)Si(6)N(11):Ce(3+), using the gas-reduction-nitridation method. The synthesized (La,Ca)(3)Si(6)N(11):Ce(3+) possesses tunable yellow broadband emission with the dominant wavelength of 577-581 nm and the external quantum efficiency up to ∼42%, under an excitation of 450 nm. Precise steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence analyses revealed that the only one type of Ce(3+) center is active under the blue-light excitation. By combining the synthesized (La,Ca)(3)Si(6)N(11):Ce(3+) phosphors with the 450-nm InGaN chip, a broad range of white light with the correlated color temperatures of ∼2600-3800 K can be created, demonstrating their promising applicability to the warm-white light-emitting diodes.
Point-defect generation during oxidation of silicon in dry oxygen. I. Theory (1986)

In this paper, we consider how oxidation in dry O2 influences the point-defect densities in silicon. By using relationships based on the continuity equations in the oxide and applying a proposed set of boundary conditions to the oxidizing Si-SiO2 system, we derive an analytic expression for the supersaturation of interstitials during oxidation. The analysis results in an expression having the experimentally observed sublinear dependence on oxidation rate without requiring any assumptions of nonlinearity. In addition, through observations of the dependence of the linear rate constant in the linear-parabolic model of oxidation on ambient oxygen pressure, it is possible to predict how the interstitial supersaturation will vary with oxidation rate at a given temperature. A companion paper [J. Appl. Phys. 59, 2551 (1986)] compares the predictions of the model with experimental results.
An algorithm for automated ROI definition in water or epoxy‐filled NEMA NU‐2 image quality phantoms (2016)

Drawing regions of interest (ROIs) in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU-2 Image Quality (IQ) phantom is a time-consuming process that allows for interuser variability in the measurements. In order to reduce operator effort and allow batch processing of IQ phantom images, we propose a fast, robust, automated algorithm for performing IQ phantom sphere localization and analysis. The algorithm is easily altered to accommodate different configurations of the IQ phantom. The proposed algorithm uses information from both the PET and CT image volumes in order to overcome the challenges of detecting the smallest spheres in the PET volume. This algorithm has been released as an open-source plug-in to the Osirix medical image viewing software package. We test the algorithm under various noise conditions, positions within the scanner, air bubbles in the phantom spheres, and scanner misalignment conditions. The proposed algorithm shows run-times between 3 and 4 min and has proven to be robust under all tested conditions, with expected sphere localization deviations of less than 0.2 mm and variations of PET ROI mean and maximum values on the order of 0.5% and 2%, respectively, over multiple PET acquisitions. We conclude that the proposed algorithm is stable when challenged with a variety of physical and imaging anomalies, and that the algorithm can be a valuable tool for those who use the NEMA NU-2 IQ phantom for PET/CT scanner acceptance testing and QA/QC.
Binarising camera images for OCR (2002)

We describe a binarisation method designed specifically for OCR of low quality camera images: background surface thresholding or BST. This method is robust to lighting variations and produces images with very little noise and consistent stroke width. BST computes a "surface" of background intensities at every point in the image and performs adaptive thresholding based on this result. The surface is estimated by identifying regions of low-resolution text and interpolating neighbouring background intensities into these regions. The final threshold is a combination of this surface and a global offset. According to our evaluation BST produces considerably fewer OCR errors than Niblack's local average method while also being more runtime efficient.
Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) as a molecular target in lung epithelial wound repair (2007)

From these studies, we conclude that PTEN is a valid target for future studies directed at restoring epithelial barrier function after lung injury.
LP‐12: Late‐News Poster: Color In‐plane EPD Using an Anisotropic Scattering Layer (2004)

Abstract This paper describes the first research prototype of color in‐plane electrophoretic display. Characteristic of optical performance is improved by incorporating an anisotropic scattering layer instead of an isotropic scattering layer. The reflectance of a white state is 35% at an illumination angle of 30° and a detector angle of 0° to the surface normal. The color coordinate does not change very much differently from the reflective LCD while changing an illumination angle from 70° to 30°.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Approach to Branched 3‐Alkynylamides and to 1,5‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Finerenone Using Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (2020)

Abstract (−)‐Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. It contains an unusual dihydronaphthyridine core. We report a 6‐step synthesis of (−)‐finerenone, which features an enantioselective partial transfer hydrogenation of a naphthyridine using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst with a Hantzsch ester. The process is complicated by the fact that the naphthyridine exists as a mixture of two atropisomers that react at different rates and with different selectivities. The intrinsic kinetic resolution was converted into a kinetic dynamic resolution at elevated temperature, which enabled us to obtain (−)‐finerenone in both high yield and high enantioselectivity. DFT calculations have revealed the origin of selectivity.
Regulatory Volume Increase of Human Non-pigmented Ciliary Epithelial Cells (1996)

Cells (ODM/SV40) derived from human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells were studied by electronic cell sizing. After transiently suspending the cells in hypotonic solution, isotonicity was restored by addition of sucrose. The cell volumes (vc) initially fell below those of control isotonic suspensions, and subsequently increased towards the baseline level. This secondary increase in vc is termed the regulatory volume increase (RVI). Results obtained with ionic substitutions and transport inhibitors indicate that four ionic mechanisms can support the RVI in these cells: coupled Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- antiports, a Na+/Cl- symport, a Na+/K+/2Cl- symport, and a Na+ channel in parallel with a Cl-/HCO3- antiport. Arachidonic acid metabolites regulate the RVI very differently from their effects on the regulatory volume response (RVD) of the same cells to cell swelling. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene (LTD4) and the PKC-inhibitor staurosporine all inhibit the RVI. Blockade of the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and epoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism [with 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA)] produces a net acceleration of the RVI. In contrast, PGE2 and staurosporine stimulate, LTD4 has no effect, and ETYA inhibits the RVD. We suggest that knowledge of the ionic mechanisms and intracellular signalling underlying the RVI phenomenon may provide a basis for reducing the rate of net aqueous humor formation by increasing the rate of reabsorption of fluid from the aqueous humor into the non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.
Permeation studies on oriented single‐crystal ferrierite membranes (1997)

Abstract Large, high‐quality, single crystals of pure‐silica ferrierite are synthesized, and the structure is described. Selected individual crystals (approximately 600 μm X 500 μm X 20 μm) are mounted in a membrane configuration so that only the 10‐membered‐ring channels (5.4 Å X 5.4 Å X 4.2 Å) or the 8‐membered‐ring channels (4.6 Å X 3.7 Å X 3.0 Å) are accessible for gas‐molecule permeation. The first examples of transport exclusively through 8‐ or 10‐membered‐ring channel systems are reported and obtained through crystal orientation in the membrane. A series. of adsorption experiments are conducted to help select suitable probe molecules and evaluate the role of adsorption in the permeation process for single‐crystal membranes. Methane, n‐butane, isobutane and nitrogen probe molecules are used to study intracrystalline sorption and transport effects for different crystal orientations, pressures and temperatures. Both pure‐gas selectivities and mixed‐gas separation factors are reported. A mixed‐gas separation factor of n‐butane/isobutane = 116 for the 10‐membered‐ring orientation of the crystal at 383 K and a transmembrane pressure difference of 1.01 X 10 5 Pa are found using this technique. In addition, molecular sieving is observed for the 8‐membered‐ring orientation of the crystal since methane, but not butane, transport is observed for this crystal orientation.
A nanocapacitor with giant dielectric permittivity (2006)

A nanocapacitor with ultra high capacitance (718 ± 0.2 pF) has been fabricated using electro-deposited Au nanowires manipulated between two Au microelectrodes by the dielectrophoresis technique. A high dc resistance value (∼100 MΩ) and nonlinear current–voltage characteristics indicate the formation of a dielectric interface between the nanowires. From frequency dependent conductivity, it is seen that the interface exhibits a giant dielectric permittivity (ε∼1.8 × 107), which shows no frequency dispersion over the range from 30 Hz to 1 MHz. The enhancement of this permittivity value is attributed to the formation of a disordered interface containing gold atoms disrupted from the surface of the Au nanowires.
Echocardiographically Defined Haemodynamic Categorization Predicts Prognosis in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients Treated with Sacubitril/Valsartan (2022)

Echocardiographically-derived haemodynamic classification identifies ambulatory HFrEF patients with different risk profiles. In real-world HFrEF outpatients, sacubitril/valsartan is effective in improving outcome across different haemodynamic profiles.