gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Analytics for the Prediction of Movie Rating and Box Office Performance (2013)

This paper describes our solution to the IEEE VAST 2013 Mini Challenge 11. The task of the challenge was to create a visual and interactive tool to predict the popularity of new movies in terms of viewer ratings and ticket sales for the opening weekend in the
Selective Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Sulfur Using Vanadium Oxide Supported on Porous Clay Heterostructures (PCHs) Formed by Pillars Silica, Silica-Zirconia or Silica-Titania (2018)

Vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) species has been supported on different porous clay heterostructures (with silica pillars, silica-zirconia with a molar ratio Si/Zr = 5 and silica-titania with a molar ratio Si/Ti = 5) by wetness incipient method. All catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, NH₃ thermoprogrammed desorption (NH₃-TPD), Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After that, the catalytic activity of the vanadium-based catalysts was evaluated in the selective oxidation of H₂S to elemental sulfur. The catalytic data show that both the activity and the catalytic stability increase with the vanadium content, obtaining the highest conversion values and sulfur yield for the catalysts with vanadium content of 16 wt.%. The comparison among all supports reveals that the incorporation of TiO₂ species in the pillars of the PCH improves the resistance to the deactivation, attaining as best results a H₂S conversion of 89% for SiTi-PCH-16V catalyst and elemental sulfur is the only compound detected by gas chromatography.
Rapid, Solventless, Bulk Preparation of Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

A rapid, solventless method is described for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles. The straightforward two-step process utilizes neither reducing agents nor electric current and involves the dry mixing of a precursor metal salt (e.g., a metal acetate) with carbon nanotubes (single- or multi-walled) followed by heating in an inert atmosphere. The procedure is scalable to multigram quantities and generally applicable to various other carbon substrates (e.g., carbon nanofiber, expanded graphite, and carbon black) and many metal salts (e.g., Ag, Au, Co, Ni, and Pd acetates). As a model system, Ag nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotube samples were prepared under various mixing techniques, metal loading levels, thermal treatment temperatures, and nanotube oxidative acid treatments. These nanohybrids were characterized by a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. For example, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the average size of the Ag nanoparticles has little to do with the thermal treatment temperature but can be easily controlled by varying the Ag loading. Raman spectroscopy illustrated both the metal-nanotube electronic interactions and the surface enhancement effect from the Ag nanoparticle attachment. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy captured the in situ salt-to-metal conversion events on the nanotube surface. The mechanistic implications from the characterization results are discussed.
Sensitive and Direct Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells by Multimarker µ-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2012)

Identifying circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with greater sensitivity could facilitate early detection of cancer and rapid assessment of treatment response. Most current technologies use EpCAM expression as a CTC identifier. However, given that a significant fraction of cancer patients have low or even absent EpCAM levels, there is a need for better detection methods. Here, we hypothesize that a multimarker strategy combined with direct sensing of CTC in whole blood would increase the detection of CTC in patients. Accordingly, molecular profiling of biopsies from a patient cohort revealed a four-marker set (EpCAM, HER-2, EGFR, and MUC-1) capable of effectively differentiating cancer cells from normal host cells. Using a point-of-care micro-nuclear magnetic resonance (µNMR) system, we consequently show that this multimarker combination readily detects individual CTC directly in whole blood without the need for primary purification. We also confirm these results in a comparative trial of patients with ovarian cancer. This platform could potentially benefit a broad range of applications in clinical oncology.
Investigating Early Radiographic and Biometric Evidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Presymptomatic First-Degree Relatives (P4.180) (2016)

Objective: To assess the prevalence of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subtle clinical abnormalities consistent with demyelination and axonal loss in presymptomatic subjects at risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). Background: Subclinical inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration may precede symptom onset in MS. Methods: The Genes and Environment in Multiple Sclerosis (GEMS) is a prospective cohort study of MS first-degree relatives that investigates risk factors and the sequence of events leading to MS onset. Subjects are 18-50 years at enrollment, and their risk for MS susceptibility was assessed using a weighted genetic and environmental risk score (GERS). Subjects in the top and bottom 10[percnt] of the GERS distribution underwent 3-tesla brain MRI with gadolinium and optical coherence tomography as well as quantitative clinical measurements (including standard neurological disability scales, vibration perception with 128 Hz and Rydel tuning forks and the Vibratron II device). Logistic regression and general estimating equations modeled the association between GERS risk group and binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results: This study includes 100 subjects from high-risk (n=41, 98[percnt] female) and low-risk (n=59, 42[percnt] female) subgroups, with a mean age of 35.1 years. Given the unequal sex distribution between high and low-risk groups, we restricted analyses to women (n=65). Five subjects (8[percnt]) met the primary outcome of having T2-hyperintense lesions that met 2010 MRI criteria for dissemination in space (four in the high-risk group; p=0.2). Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement was detected in four subjects (6[percnt]), three in the high-risk group. Interestingly, high-risk subjects exhibited diminished vibration sensitivity in lower extremities, detected by all three vibratory tests, most significantly Vibratron II (p=6.1x10-5). Conclusions: Presymptomatic family members at high risk for MS manifest diminished vibration sensitivity. If validated, this may constitute evidence of early subclinical demyelination and/or neurodegeneration.
Thermally Induced, Multicolored Hyper‐Reflective Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2011)

A dynamic multicolored cholesteric cell is formed using chiral, structured, surface-tethered polymer networks. The multicolored cholesteric cell is filled with a thermally tunable liquid crystal mixture of opposite handedness of the polymer networks, which enables thermally induced hyper-reflectivity at the two reflection bands induced by the surface tethered polymer.
A Catalytic Method for the Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Ketones, α‐Ketoesters and Aldehydes (2023)

A practical method for the efficient and enantioselective preparation of versatile ketones and aldehydes that contain an α-quaternary stereocenter is described. Reactions utilize simple carboxylic acid or ester starting materials, a monodentate chiral phosphine, and afford a variety of aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkyl-substituted ketone and aldehyde products in 25-94 % yield and 90 : 10 to >99 : 1 enantiomeric ratio. Reactions proceed by acyl substitution with in situ formed chiral allylic nucleophiles, and display selectivity and conversion dependence on a protic additive. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through several product transformations.
The Symmetric Generalized Eigenvalue Problem as a Nash Equilibrium (2022)

The symmetric generalized eigenvalue problem (SGEP) is a fundamental concept in numerical linear algebra. It captures the solution of many classical machine learning problems such as canonical correlation analysis, independent components analysis, partial least squares, linear discriminant analysis, principal components and others. Despite this, most general solvers are prohibitively expensive when dealing with streaming data sets (i.e., minibatches) and research has instead concentrated on finding efficient solutions to specific problem instances. In this work, we develop a game-theoretic formulation of the top-$k$ SGEP whose Nash equilibrium is the set of generalized eigenvectors. We also present a parallelizable algorithm with guaranteed asymptotic convergence to the Nash. Current state-of-the-art methods require $O(d^2k)$ runtime complexity per iteration which is prohibitively expensive when the number of dimensions ($d$) is large. We show how to modify this parallel approach to achieve $O(dk)$ runtime complexity. Empirically we demonstrate that this resulting algorithm is able to solve a variety of SGEP problem instances including a large-scale analysis of neural network activations.
The Los Alamos Trapped Ion Quantum Computer Experiment (1998)

The development and theory of an experiment to investigate quantum computation with trapped calcium ions is described. The ion trap, laser and ion requirements are determined, and the parameters required for quantum logic operations as well as simple quantum factoring are described.
ChemInform Abstract: MCM‐Silylamine Pd(II) Complex: A Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Azide Reductions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Isolation of Single‐Component Trimerization and Polymerization Chromium Catalysts: The Role of the Metal Oxidation State (2008)

One more trimer: A series of chromium complexes of different oxidation states are employed as catalysts for the polymerization/oligomerization of ethylene. The results suggest a link between chromium oxidation state and catalytic performance, with CrIII leading to oligomerization, CrII to polymerization, and CrI to selective trimerization. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effectiveness of Moldable and Malleable Scheduling in Deep Learning Tasks (2018)

Research and development of deep learning (DL) applications often involves exhaustive trial-and-error, which demands that shared computational resources, especially GPUs, be efficiently allocated. Most DL tasks are moldable or malleable (i.e., the number of allocated GPUs can be changed before or during execution). However, conventional batch schedulers do not take advantage of DL tasks' moldability/malleability, inhibiting speedup when some GPU resources are unallocated. Another opportunity for speedup is to run multiple tasks concurrently on one GPU, which may improve the overall throughput because a single task does not always fully utilize the GPU's computational resources. We propose designing a batch scheduling system that exploits these opportunities to accelerate DL tasks. As a first step, this study conducts an extensive case study to evaluate the speedup of DL tasks when a scheduler treats them as moldable or malleable. That is, the scheduler adjusts the number of GPUs to be (or already) allocated to a task in response to the fluctuating availability of GPUs. Simulations using our real workload trace show that if the scheduler can allocate 1-4 GPUs to a task or assign 1-4 tasks to a GPU, then the average flow time of moldable/malleable DL tasks is shortened by at least 15.1 %/42.5 %, respectively, compared to a Rigid FCFS schedule in which one GPU is allocated to each task.
Effects of Feeding Regimen on Blood Glucose Levels and Plasma Concentrations of Pancreatic Hormones and Gut Regulatory Peptides at 9 Months of Age (1988)

Little is known about the development of gut endocrine responses to food intake in infants after the first postnatal month. To examine this question and to ascertain whether the mode of feeding from birth affects postprandial endocrine changes, blood glucose levels and the plasma concentrations of 11 regulatory peptides were measured at 9 months of age before and after a breast feeding in 13 exclusively breast-fed infants and before and after a formula feeding in 7 infants weaned during the first 3 months of life. In the prefeeding concentrations of these substances, no significant differences were found between the two groups, with the possible exception of the plasma concentration of pancreatic polypeptide (p = 0.06). Postprandially, the responses were significantly smaller in the breast-fed infants, whose plasma concentrations of insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, and cholecystokinin were lower than in the formula-fed infants. In addition, the overall level of the insulin-glucagon ratio was lower (p = 0.03) in the breast-fed infants. A difference in the opposite direction was observed for plasma gastrin levels. No significant differences appeared between the groups for blood glucose, or plasma glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, motilin, enteroglucagon, secretin, or neurotensin concentrations after feeding. It is concluded that at 9 months of age, the gut regulatory responses to milk feeding are of lower magnitude than during the neonatal period, but even at this age the response patterns still depend on the mode of feeding.
Anomalous thermoelectric transport phenomena from interband electron-phonon scattering (2021)

The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are two critical quantities to optimize simultaneously in designing thermoelectric materials, and they are determined by the dynamics of carrier scattering. We uncover a new regime where the co-existence at the Fermi level of multiple bands with different effective masses leads to strongly energy-dependent carrier lifetimes due to intrinsic electron-phonon scattering. In this anomalous regime, electrical conductivity decreases with carrier concentration, Seebeck coefficient reverses sign even at high doping, and power factor exhibits an unusual second peak. We discuss the origin and magnitude of this effect using first-principles Boltzmann transport calculations and simplified models. We also identify general design rules for using this paradigm to engineer enhanced performance in thermoelectric materials.
Ringdown sensing method (2014)

Miniaturization of devices into lab-on-chip designs is a dominating field of current scientific research. While the technology to build these devices is continuing to develop, the practical realization of such devices remain elusive, mainly due to lack of techniques that bridge the macroscopic world to the mechanical motion and/or the electronic signals generated on the micro- or nano-sized scale. Hence, there is an increasing need for sensitive detection techniques that can not only be implemented on such small scale systems but also be integrated with the current CMOS technology. In this regard, a fully electrical microcantilever-based ringdown method will be presented. We show that detection technique can be employed to precisely analyze the composition of gas mixtures. The viscosity and density can be measured simultaneously, which is illustrated for multiple gases yielding viscosities within ± 2% and densities within ± 6% of NIST values.
Tunable Electronic Transport Properties of Metal‐Cluster‐Decorated III–V Nanowire Transistors (2013)

A metal-cluster-decoration approach is utilized to tailor electronic transport properties (e.g., threshold voltage) of III-V NWFETs through the modulation of free carriers in the NW channel via the deposition of different metal clusters with different work function. The versatility of this technique has been demonstrated through the fabrication of high-mobility enhancement-mode InAs NW parallel FETs as well as the construction of low-power InAs NW inverters.
Zirconium-catalyzed asymmetric carbomagnesation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZirconium-catalyzed asymmetric carbomagnesationJames P. Morken, Mary T. Didiuk, and Amir H. HoveydaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 6997–6998Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00068a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1306Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSFORMS (2009)

The introduction of phased arrays opens‐up a range of new possibilities for ultrasonic inspections. Arrays come in various shapes ranging from linear arrays for weld inspection to circular arrays emitting guided waves for permanent monitoring applications. For this kind of applications, the data is best displayed as angle versus time to locate the position a defects. However, the data is normally measured as function of a certain spatial coordinate and time. A transformation is then applied to convert data from the spatial domain into the angle domain. The simplest example is a spatial Fourier transform. Unfortunately the resolution obtained by this kind of transforms is determined by the size of the array compared to the wavelength. The longer the array is compared to the wavelength, the higher is the resolution. The reason for this is the increased phase rotation along the aperture. A new iterative approach is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional plane wave decomposition. This is a so‐called high resolution transform. The new approach yields at least a five times higher resolution and can deal easily with irregular sampling or missing data. The approach will be illustrated on numerically modeled.
Preoperative radiographic findings associated with postoperative spinopelvic risk factors for instability following total hip arthroplasty (2023)

Postoperative spinopelvic changes are associated with increased dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to identify preoperative patient and radiographic factors associated with high-risk postoperative spinopelvic parameters. A retrospective review of consecutive THA patients who received preoperative and postoperative sitting and standing lateral lumbar spine-hip radiographs with minimum radiographic and clinical follow-up of 10 months was performed. Patient demographics were recorded and preoperative standing and sitting sacral slope (SS), anteinclination, pelvic femoral angle (PFA), and combined sagittal index (CSI) were measured. High-risk patients were defined by decreased spinopelvic motion (∆SS from sitting to standing of >10°), increased hip motion (∆PFA from sitting to standing of >10°), or decreased CSI of >10° at final follow-up compared with preoperative measurements. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify preoperative demographic and radiographic factors associated with these high-risk categories. One hundred and fifty-three patients were included with an average age of 62 years, average body mass index of 27.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> , and average follow-up of 16.2 months. At 1-year follow-up, 43 (28.1%) patients demonstrated a decreased ∆SS > 10° and 67 (43.7%) patients demonstrated an increased ∆PFA > 10° compared with preoperative values. Sitting CSI decreased by >10° in 17 (11.1%) patients. Preoperative increased sitting PFA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.057, p < 0.001) and decreased preoperative hip motion (∆PFA) were associated with decreased sitting CSI of >10° at 10-month follow-up. Increased spinopelvic motion (∆SS) and decreased hip motion (∆PFA) preoperatively are associated with postoperative radiographic changes that be associated with increased dislocation risk.
Reaction Coordinate of Incipient Methane Clathrate Hydrate Nucleation B (2014)

Nucleation from solution is a ubiquitous phenomenon with relevance to myriad scientific disciplines, including pharmaceuticals, biomineralization, and disease. One prominent example is the nucleation of clathrate hydrates, multicomponent crystalline inclusion compounds relevant to the energy industry where they block pipelines and also constitute a potential vast energy resource. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanism of incipient hydrate formation remains unknown. Herein, we employ advanced molecular simulation tools (pB histogram, equilibrium path sampling) to provide a statistical-mechanical basis for extracting physical insight into the molecular steps by which clathrates form. Through testing the Mutually Coordinated Guest (MCG) order parameter, we demonstrate that both guest (methane) and host (water) structuring are crucial to accurately describe the nucleation of hydrates and determine a critical nucleus size of MCG-1 = 16 at 255 K and 500 bar. Equipped with a validated (and novel) reaction coordinate, subsequent equilibrium path sampling simulations yield the free energy barrier and nucleation rate. The resulting quantitative nucleation process is described by the MCG clustering mechanism. This constitutes a significant advance in the field of hydrates research, as the fitness of a molecular descriptor has never been statistically verified. More broadly, this work has significance to a wide range of multicomponent nucleation contexts wherein the formation mechanism depends on contributions from both solute and solvent.
Temperature Profiles in a Cylindrical Model Food During Pulsed Microwave Heating (2001)

ABSTRACT: Cylindrical 2%‐agar gel samples were heated by pulsed and continuous microwave applications. The total microwave application time of 3 min was maintained for all experiments. Sample temperature was measured at various depths along the radial dimension to experimentally determine the internal temperature profile as a function of heating time. A local hot spot was observed at the center portion of the sample during the continuous microwave application. This hot spot was less significant during pulsed microwave applications, especially when longer intermittent power‐off times were employed. An implicit finite‐difference model was used to estimate temperature profiles within the sample during microwave heating. The estimated temperature profiles matched the experimental values well.