gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust hand hygiene monitoring for food safety using hand images (2023)

Hand hygiene is essential for food safety and food handlers. Maintaining proper hand hygiene can improve food safety and promote public welfare. However, traditional methods of evaluating hygiene during food handling process, such as visual auditing by human experts, can be costly and inefficient compared to a computer vision system. Because of the varying conditions and locations of real-world food processing sites, computer vision systems for recognizing handwashing actions can be susceptible to changes in lighting and environments. Therefore, we design a robust and generalizable video system that is based on ResNet50 that includes a hand extraction method and a 2-stream network for classifying handwashing actions. More specifically, our hand extraction method eliminates the background and helps the classifier focus on hand regions under changing lighting conditions and environments. Our results demonstrate our system with the hand extraction method can improve action recognition accuracy and be more generalizable when evaluated on completely unseen data by achieving over 20% improvement on the overall classification accuracy.
Host Cell Binding Mediated by Leptospira interrogans Adhesins (2022)

Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease with global impact on both humans and animals. The increase in urban development without sanitation planning is one of the main reasons for the disease spreading. The symptoms are similar to those of flu-like diseases, such as dengue, yellow fever, and malaria, which can result in a misleading clinical diagnosis. The characterization of host-pathogen interactions is important in the development of new vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics. However, the pathogenesis of leptospirosis is not well understood, and many gaps remain to be addressed. Here, we aimed to determine if <i>Leptospira</i> strains, virulent, culture-attenuated, and saprophytic, and the major outer membrane proteins OmpL37, OmpL1, LipL21, LipL41, and LipL46 are able to adhere to different endothelial, epithelial and fibroblast cell lines in vitro. We showed that virulent leptospires robustly bind to all cells compared to the culture-attenuated and saprophytic lines. The recombinant proteins exhibited certain adhesion, but only OmpL1 and LipL41 were able to bind to several cell lines, either in monolayer or in cell suspension. Blocking OmpL1 with polyclonal antibodies caused a decrease in bacterial binding to cells, contrasting with an increase observed when anti-LipL41 antibodies were used. The adhesion of OmpL1 to HMEC-1 and EA.hy926 was inhibited when cells were pre-incubated with collagen IV, suggesting that both compete for the same cell receptor. We present here for the first time the interaction of five leptospiral outer membrane proteins with several cell lines, and we conclude that LipL41 and OmpL1 may have an impact on leptospiral adhesion to mammalian cells and may mediate the colonization process in leptospiral pathogenesis.
Germanium nanoclusters: Chemical vapor deposition of digermane in zeolite Y and mordenite (1994)

Uniform arrays of intrazeolite germanium nanoclusters have been produced by the topotactic chemical vapor deposition of digermane within the diamond network of α‐cages of acid zeolite Y and the main channel of mordenite. The conditions within the zeolite hosts enusure that the Ge 2 H 6 CVD‐type anchored precursors self‐assemble to produce the anchored (Ge 8 ) n ⊕ nanoclusters shown in the Figure. magnified image
Acute Pseudo-Obstruction of the Colon: A Serious Consequence of Urologic Surgery (1981)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1981Acute Pseudo-Obstruction of the Colon: A Serious Consequence of Urologic Surgery Ralph V. Clayman, Pratap Reddy, and Santhat Nivatvongs Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Pratap ReddyPratap Reddy More articles by this author , and Santhat NivatvongsSanthat Nivatvongs More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54552-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Urologic surgery is the second most common cause of postoperative pseudo-obstruction of the colon in women and the most common cause in men. When nontender abdominal distension occurs 2 to 3 days postoperatively serial abdominal radiographs should be used to monitor the size of the colon. If medical treatment and colonoscopy fail to reduce the size of the colon below 12cm. tube cecostomy may be needed. Failure to recognize the seriousness of this condition and the associated delay in aggressive treatment may result in colonic perforation and fatal peritonitis. © 1981 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byThessen C and Kreder K (2018) Ogilvie’s Syndrome: A Potential Complication of Vaginal SurgeryJournal of Urology, VOL. 149, NO. 6, (1541-1543), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1993.McVary K, Dalton D and Blum M (2018) Acute Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie’s Syndrome) Complicating Radical Retropubic ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 141, NO. 5, (1210-1212), Online publication date: 1-May-1989.Terhune D, Petrochko N, Jordan G, Kovalcik P and Lynch D (2018) Ogilvie’S Syndrome Developing After Ethanol Ablation of Renal Cell CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 133, NO. 5, (838-839), Online publication date: 1-May-1985. Volume 126Issue 3September 1981Page: 415-417 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1981 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Pratap Reddy More articles by this author Santhat Nivatvongs More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Super-resolution photoacoustic imaging with a sparse array (Conference Presentation) (2019)

It has been shown that sub-diffraction structures can be resolved in acoustic resolution photoacoustic imaging thanks to norm-based iterative reconstruction algorithms exploiting prior knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system. Here, we demonstrate that super-resolution is still achievable when the receiving ultrasonic probe has much fewer elements than used conventionally (8 against 128). To this end, a proof-of-concept experiment was conducted. A microfluidic circuit containing five parallel microchannels (channel’s width 40μm, center-to center distance 180μm) filled with dye was exposed to 5ns laser pulses (=532nm, fluence=3.0mJ/cm2, PRF=100Hz). Photoacoustic signals generated by the sample were captured by a linear ultrasonic array (128 elements, pitch=0.1mm, fc=15MHz) connected to an acquisition device. The forward problem is modelled in a matrix form Y=AX, where Y are the measured photoacoustic signals and X is the object to reconstruct. The matrix A contained the PSFs at all points of the reconstruction grid, and was derived from a single PSF acquired experimentally for a 10-μm wide microchannel. For the reconstruction, we used a sparsity-based minimization algorithm. While the conventional image obtained by beamforming the signals measured with all the 128 elements of the probe cannot resolve the individual microchannels, our sparsity-based reconstruction leads to super-resolved images with only 8 elements of the probe (regularly spaced over the full probe aperture), with an image quality comparable to that obtained with all the 128 elements. These results pave the way towards super-resolution in 3D photoacoustic imaging with sparse transducers arrays.
Functional characterization of miR-708 microRNA in telomerase positive and negative human cancer cells (2021)

Activation of a telomere length maintenance mechanism (TMM), including telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), is essential for replicative immortality of tumor cells, although its regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. We conducted a microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis on isogenic telomerase positive (TEP) and ALT cancer cell lines. Amongst nine miRNAs that showed difference in their expression in TEP and ALT cancer cells in array analysis, miR-708 was selected for further analysis since it was consistently highly expressed in a large panel of ALT cells. miR-708 in TEP and ALT cancer cells was not correlated with C-circle levels, an established feature of ALT cells. Its overexpression induced suppression of cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in both TEP and ALT cells, although cell proliferation was inhibited only in TEP cells suggesting that ALT cells may have acquired the ability to escape inhibition of cell proliferation by sustained miR-708 overexpression. Further, cell proliferation regulation in TEP cells by miR708 appears to be through the CARF-p53 pathway. We demonstrate here that miR-708 (i) is the first miRNA shown to be differentially regulated in TEP and ALT cancer cells, (ii) possesses tumor suppressor function, and (iii) deregulates CARF and p21<sup>WAF1</sup>-mediated signaling to limit proliferation in TEP cells.
Spin-dependent single-electron-tunneling effects in epitaxial Fe nanoparticles (2004)

Fe/MgO/Fe nanoparticles/MgO/Co double tunnel junctions were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy for current-perpendicular-to-plane transport measurements on submicrometer-sized pillars. Microstructural observations indicate that the samples exhibit a fully epitaxial layered structure with sharp and flat interfaces including well-defined separated Fe nanoparticles between the barriers. The introduction of asymmetric MgO tunnel barriers, i.e., with different thicknesses, in the double junction leads to a clear observation of Coulomb staircase and associated tunnel magnetoresistance oscillations. An estimation of the capacitance of the system indicates that these transport phenomena are due to charging effects of the magnetic particles.
The diagnostic performance of novel techniques for the detection of acute myocarditis: a clinical study using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (2013)

Background The accurate diagnosis of acute myocarditis on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) often requires multiple modalities, including T2-weighted (T2W), early and late gadolinium imaging. Novel CMR techniques are now available, including bright-blood T2W-CMR, and T1-mapping which is also sensitive to changes in free water content. We hypothesized that these emerging methods can serve as new diagnostic criteria for myocarditis.
A Chemogenomic Analysis of Ionization Constants—Implications for Drug Discovery (2013)

Chemogenomics methods seek to characterize the interaction between drugs and biological systems and are an important guide for the selection of screening compounds. The acid/base character of drugs has a profound influence on their affinity for the receptor, on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile and the way the drug can be formulated. In particular, the charge state of a molecule greatly influences its lipophilicity and biopharmaceutical characteristics. This study investigates the acid/base profile of human small-molecule drugs, chemogenomics datasets and screening compounds including a natural products set. We estimate the acid-ionization constant (pK(a)) values of these compounds and determine the identity of the ionizable functional groups in each set. We find substantial differences in acid/base profiles of the chemogenomic classes. In many cases, these differences can be linked to the nature of the target binding site and the corresponding functional groups needed for recognition of the ligand. Clear differences are also observed between the acid/base characteristics of drugs and screening compounds. For example, the proportion of drugs containing a carboxylic acid was 20 %, in stark contrast to a value of 2.4 % for the screening set sample. The proportion of aliphatic amines was 27 % for drugs and only 3.4 % for screening compounds. This suggests that there is a mismatch between commercially available screening compounds and the compounds that are likely to interact with a given chemogenomic target family. Our analysis provides a guide for the selection of screening compounds to better target specific chemogenomic families with regard to the overall balance of acids, bases and pK(a) distributions.
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL GENOTOXICITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF MANJARIX (2015)

Manjarix is herbal drug composed of ginger and turmeric powdered as active compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity and developmental toxicity of manjarix...
Synthesis of Carbocyclic Pyrimidine Nucleosides Using the Mitsunobu Reaction - Part I: Influence of the Alcohol on N1- versus O2-Alkylation (2005)

The Mitsunobu reaction is an important tool in carbo­cyclic nucleoside chemistry for the direct coupling of alcohols with heterocyclic bases under mild conditions. Here, we report on the influence of the alcohol on the N1- vs. O2-alkylation of N3-benzoyl­thymine under Mitsunobu conditions. Moreover, a method for predicting the product ratio of the alkylation reaction will be introduced.
Peptidnucleinsäuren (PNAs) — ungewöhnliche Eigenschaften nichtionischer Oligonucleotid‐Analoga (1992)

Ein Peptid – anstelle eines Zucker‐Phosphat‐Rückgrats weisen die jüngst von P. E. Nielsen et al. hergestellten, mit Molecular Modeling maßgeschneiderten Oligonucleotide auf, die gegenüber chemisch modifizierten Oligonucleotiden einige Vorteile bieten: Sie sind mit der Merrifield‐Synthese in größeren Mengen verfügbar, aufgrund des nichtionischen Peptidteils relativ unempfindlich gegenüber Nucleasen und haben sehr gute Hybridisierungseigenschaften, wie PNA‐DNA‐Bindungsstudien zeigen. All dies macht die neuen DNA‐Mimetica zu außerordentlich interessanten Untersuchungsobjekten im Hinblick auf einen Einsatz als Antisense‐Agentien.
Suppression of the Basic Transcription Element-Binding Protein in Brain Neuronal Cultures Inhibits Thyroid Hormone-Induced Neurite Branching (2002)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of thyroid hormone (T(3)) on neurite outgrowth are unknown. We recently identified the small GC-box binding protein BTEB (basic transcription element-binding protein) as a T(3)-regulated gene in the developing rat brain. BTEB mRNAs are rapidly (by 1 h) up-regulated by T(3) in primary rat embryonic neuronal cultures. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), added to the cultures, reduced by 60% the level of BTEB mRNA. Addition of BTEB antisense ODNs to the cultures, before the onset of neurite polarity, had no effect on neurite elaboration but significantly decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the effect of T(3) on neurite branching. We then examined the effects of antisense ODNs on a thyroid hormone target neuronal population, i.e. the acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons after the onset of neurite polarity. Exposure to BTEB antisense ODNs completely abolished the effects of T(3) on neurite branching and on the elaboration of neuritic filopodia-like structures in acetylcholinesterase cells. By contrast, antisense ODNs did not alter the effect of T(3) on neurite length. Our results show that titration of BTEB levels by T(3) regulates the degree of neurite branching and that the T(3)-induced neurite elongation and the T(3)-induced neurite branching are regulated by distinct mechanisms.
Is Patient Selection Important for Hip Resurfacing? (2008)

Level V, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tiller estimation method using deep neural networks (2022)

Abstract Background: A tiller is a branch on a grass plant, and the number of tillers is one of the most important determinants of yield. Traditionally, the tiller number is usually counted by hand, and so an automated approach is necessary for high-throughput phenotyping. Conventional methods use heuristic features to estimate the tiller number. Based on the successful application of DNNs in the field of computer vision, the use of DNN-based features instead of heuristic features is expected to improve the estimation accuracy. However, as DNNs generally require large volumes of data for training, it is difficult to apply them to estimation problems for which large training datasets are unavailable. In this paper, we use two strategies to overcome the problem of insufficient training data: the use of a pretrained DNN model and the use of pretext tasks for learning the feature representation. We extract features using the resulting DNNs and estimate the tiller numbers through a regression technique. Results: We conducted experiments using a dataset of Setaria viridis. Experiments show that the proposed methods using a pretrained model and specific pretext tasks achieve better performance than the conventional method. The best mean absolute error between the hand-labeled and estimated tiller numbers by the proposed method is 0.57. Conclusions: We realized applying DNN methods to tiller number estimation methods by using pretext tasks. The proposed method outperformed the conventional approach.
Concerning the Problem of Stereospecific Glycosylation. Synthesis and Methanolysis of some 2-O-Benzylated D-Galactopyranosyl and D-Galactofuranosyl Halides (1975)

Acetolysis of 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranose (3) followed by de-O-acetylation and p-nitrobenzoylation gave 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1,6-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-β-D-galactopyranose (4) which was converted into 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (5). Benzylation of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside (6) gave the 2,3-dibenzyl ether (7) which was hydrolyzed to 2,3-di-O-benzyl-D-galactose (8). p-Nitrobenzoylation of 8 furnished 2,3-di-O-benzyl-1,5,6-tri-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-β-D-galactofuranose (9) and an isomer, presumably a β-pyranose derivative (10). Compound 9 was converted into 2,3-di-O-benzyl-5,6-di-O-p;-nitrobenzoyl-β-D-galactofuranosyl bromide (11) and chloride (12). The new halides 5, 11, and 12 as well as known 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (1) and chloride (2) were subjected to methanolysis in dichloromethane solution in the presence of methanol alone and in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide, mercuric cyanide, and silver tetrafluoroborate, respectively, and the ratios of anomeric glycosides produced were examined by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Factors influencing stereoselectivity in these reactions are discussed. The new methyl α- and β-glycosides derived from 5 (13 and 14) and the methyl α-glycoside (15) produced from 11 and 12 were isolated, and methyl 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-galactofuranoside (16) was prepared for the first time.
Effect of assembling errors on the diffraction efficiency for multilayer diffractive optical elements (2014)

Based on the expression function of diffraction efficiency, and the phase delay function of diffractive optical elements (DOEs), the diffraction efficiency for multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) is described with tilt and decenter assembling errors. A mathematical model of the relationship between diffraction efficiency and assembling errors of MLDOEs is proposed to analyze the effect of assembling errors on the diffraction efficiency of MLDOEs. The analyzed results from the mathematical model provide a range of values for the effect of assembling errors on the diffraction efficiency of MLDOEs. Assembling errors are important parameters for hybrid diffractive refractive optical systems, including MLDOEs, and so the proposed model will be useful for guiding the design and fabrication of such optical systems.
Specific Uptake of Retinoids into Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells HL‐60 by Retinoid‐specific Binding Protein: Possibly the True Retinoid Receptor (1988)

The uptake of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and two new retinoids [4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenylcarbamoyl )benzoic acid (Am80) and (E)-4-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propenyl]benzoic acid (Ch55)] by HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells was investigated. For the investigation, [3H]RA and [3H]Am80 with high specific radioactivities (more than 50 Ci/mmol) were used. [3H]Am80 was prepared by hydrogenolysis of the corresponding chlorinated derivative of Am80 with tritium gas. The retinoids RA, Am80 and Ch55 were efficiently taken up by HL-60 cells, and induced differentiation of the cells into mature granulocytes. The specific bindings (uptake) of RA, Am80 and Ch55 (the bindings inhibited competitively by the other two retinoids) by HL-60 cells were due to a newly detected binding protein. The protein that bound specifically to RA appeared identical to that which bound specifically to Am80 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and was named retinoid-specific binding protein (RSBP). One HL-60 cell was found to contain about 1500 molecules of RSBP distributed between the nuclear fraction and cytosolic fraction in proportions of about 4:1. The bindings of the three retinoids (RA, Am80 and Ch55) to RSBP (i.e., formation of retinoid-RSBP complexes) greatly enhanced the affinity of RSBP for the nuclei. The apparent molecular weight of RSBP was estimated to be 95,000 daltons by size exclusion HPLC. The association constants (Ka) of RSBP were calculated to be 2.4 X 10(10) M-1 for RA and 4.4 X 10(10) M-1 for Am80 from Scatchard plots. The bindings of RA, Am80 and Ch55 to RSBP were mutually competitive, indicating that the binding sites for RA, Am80 and Ch55 were identical. The very high affinities of these retinoids for RSBP (Ka's of the order of 10(10) M-1) correspond to the effective concentrations of these retinoids in HL-60 cell culture medium for induction of differentiation of the cells. The mutually competitive bindings of these retinoids strongly support the idea that RSBP is the true receptor of retinoids.
Shadow Sound System Embodied with Directional Ultrasonic Speaker: User Following Sound System Enabled with Vision Tracking Technique (2013)

The Shadow Sound system is an innovative sound platform started from the concept of making sound seamlessly tracking a designated user by harnessing the directivity of a mobilized ultrasonic speaker. The motivation of this system development is to enable a totally personalized ubiquitous sound delivery within a typical 3-dimensional space without using headphone or other external sound blocking device. In order to achieve this goal, we combined an ultrasonic speaker system installed on the motorized mount that can freely change the speaker's azimuth and altitude plus the computer vision based user image tracking algorithm operable with combined image difference and color tracking. The resulting system is proven to be able to track the registered user for providing user selected sound contents without being interfered by other people and ambient noise coexisting in the same physical environment. Such innovative sound solution would open up a new horizon of personalized sound consumption in a ubiquitous computing dominating environment.
Analysis and Development of a Novel Algorithm for the In-vehicle Hand-Usage of a Smartphone (2018)

Smartphone usage while driving is unanimously considered to be a really dangerous habit due to strong correlation with road accidents. In this paper, the problem of detecting whether the driver is using the phone during a trip is addressed. To do this, high-frequency data from the triaxial inertial measurement unit (IMU) integrated in almost all modern phone is processed without relying on external inputs so as to provide a self-contained approach. By resorting to a frequency-domain analysis, it is possible to extract from the raw signals the useful information needed to detect when the driver is using the phone, without being affected by the effects that vehicle motion has on the same signals. The selected features are used to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The performance of the proposed approach are analyzed and tested on experimental data collected during mixed naturalistic driving scenarios, proving the effectiveness of the proposed approach.