gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attomole sensitivity for unlabeled proteins and polypeptides with on‐chip capillary electrophoresis and universal detection by interferometric backscatter (2003)

A universal detector based on backscatter interferometry has been developed to perform nanoliter volume refractive index measurements for on-chip sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel based (polyethylene oxide gel) separations and quantification label-free proteins. The on-chip interferometric backscatter detector (OCIBD) system consists of a simple, folded optical train based on the interaction of a laser beam with an etched channel in the shape of half cylinder in a fused-silica plate. The backscattered light from the channel takes on the form of a high-contrast interference pattern that contains information related to the bulk properties of the fluid located within the probe or detection volume of 2.32 x 10(-9) L. Depending on capillary electrophoresis (CE) injection method, the positional changes of the interference pattern extrema (fringes) allow for the quantification of unlabeled proteins at levels ranging from 11 to 310 amol (2.7 x 10(-8)mol/L) with a linear dynamic range of 2.5 decades (egg albumin). Using OCIBD microchannel-based SDS capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS/CGE), separation and detection of five label-free proteins was achieved in less than 100 seconds with detection limits ranging from 0.95 pg (1.1 x 10(-16)mol or 2.5 x 10(-7)mol/L) of calmodulin to 7.0 pg (1.0 x 10(-16)mol or 2.4 x 10(-7)mol/L) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) without signal filtering or active thermal control. This development shows that a universal detector based on backscatter interferometry can be used effectively for on-chip label-free solute analysis.
Design and benchmarking of hybrid CMOS-Spin Wave Device Circuits compared to 10nm CMOS (2015)

In this paper, we present a design and benchmarking methodology of Spin Wave Device (SWD) circuits based on micromagnetic modeling. SWD technology is compared against a 10nm FinFET CMOS technology, considering the key metrics of area, delay and power. We show that SWD circuits outperform the 10nm CMOS FinFET equivalents by a large margin. The area-delay-power product (ADPP) of SWD is smaller than CMOS for all benchmarks from 2.5× to 800×. On average, the area of SWD circuits is 3.5× smaller and the power consumption is two orders of magnitude lower compared to the 10nm CMOS reference circuits.
ChemInform Abstract: Taxamycins: A New Enediyne Family Constructed from Versatile Disilyl‐ Substituted Building Blocks. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly structured nano-composite anodes for secondary lithium ion batteries (2014)

Interest in high performance portable energy devices for electronics and electric vehicles is the basis for a significant level of activity in battery research in recent history. Li-ion batteries are of particular interest due to their high energy density, decreasing cost, and adaptable form factor. A common goal of researchers is to develop new materials that will lower the cost and weight of Li-ion batteries while simultaneously improving the performance. There are several approaches to facilitate improved battery system-level performance including, but not limited to, the development of new material structures and/or chemistries, manufacturing techniques, and cell management. \n\tThe performed research sought to enhance the understanding of structure-property relationships of carbon-containing composite anode materials in a Li-ion cell through extensive materials and anode performance characterization. The approach was to focus on the development of new electrode material designs to yield higher energy and power characteristics, as well as increased thermal and electrical conductivities or mechanical strength, using techniques that could be scaled for large volume manufacturing. Here, three different electrode architectures of nanomaterial composites were synthesized and characterized. Each electrode structure consisted of a carbon substrate that was conformally coated with a high Li capacity material. The dimensionality and design for each structure was unique, with each offering different advantages. The addition of an external coating to further increase the stability of high capacity materials was also investigated.
iP & OEIP – Cytokinin Micro Application Modulates Root Development with High Spatial Resolution (2022)

Abstract State‐of‐the‐art technology based on organic electronics can be used as a flow‐free delivery method for organic substances with high spatial resolution. Such highly targeted drug micro applications can be used in plant research for the regulation of physiological processes on tissue and cellular levels. Here, for the first time, an organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is reported that can transport an isoprenoid‐type cytokinin, N 6 ‐isopentenyladenine (iP), to intact plants. Cytokinins (CKs) are plant hormones involved in many essential physiological processes, including primary root (PR) and lateral root (LR) development. Using the Arabidopsis thaliana root as a model system, efficient iP delivery is demonstrated with a biological output – cytokinin‐related PR and LR growth inhibition. The spatial resolution of iP delivery, defined for the first time for an organic compound, is shown to be less than 1 mm, exclusively affecting the OEIP‐targeted LR. Results from the application of the high‐resolution OIEP treatment method confirm previously published findings showing that the influence of CKs may vary at different stages of LR development. Thus, OEIP‐based technologies offer a novel, electronically controlled method for phytohormone delivery that could contribute to unraveling cytokinin functions during different developmental processes with high specificity.
Three-dimensional femtosecond laser inscription of type a-based high-efficiency first-order waveguide Bragg gratings (2023)

A novel type of waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) is demonstrated based on femtosecond laser-induced Type A refractive index modifications, namely based of the photochemistry of silver species in a specialty ortho-phosphate glass matrix. First-order WBGs are reported in the near-infrared and down to 736 nm in the visible. Relative transmission measurements with a 500 µm long WBGs lead to narrow-bandwidth attenuations (sub-nm spectral FWHM) from 2.29 dB to 6.25 dB for periods from 240 nm to 280 nm, respectively. The corresponding estimated backward coupling coefficients show high values from 1.66 mm-1 up to 2.69 mm-1. Additionally, we report on a true 3D helix-shaped WBG that shows an even stronger relative attenuation of 10.3 dB for a 500 µm long WBG, equivalently corresponding to a backward coupling coefficient of 3.7 mm-1. These novel results pave the way for new silver-based laser-inscribed integrated photonic devices, among which the combination of Bragg gratings to form active/passive optical resonators, but also the direct inscription of WBG at the glass interface for enhanced sensing applications.
A 25 Gb/s Burst-Mode Receiver for Low Latency Photonic Switch Networks (2015)

We report a dc-coupled burst-mode (BM) receiver for optical links in a dynamically reconfigurable network. Through the introduction of interlocking search algorithms, a robust 25 Gb/s BM operation is achieved with 31 ns lock time. At the beginning of the burst, the receiver first performs input dc current offset calibration in 12.5 ns, then achieves phase lock in 18.5 ns, and after that tracks data using a phase interpolator (PI) based bang-bang clock and data recovery (CDR). The sensitivity of the receiver is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-10.9\;{\text {dBm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (average power, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text {BER}} &lt; {10}^{-12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) at 25 Gb/s, tested with a single mode 1550 nm reference optical transmitter. There is no significant sensitivity penalty in the presence of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 100\;{\text {ppm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> frequency offset between the transmitter and the receiver. Measured power efficiency of the receiver at 25 Gb/s is 4.4 pJ/bit. The core of the 32 nm SOI CMOS circuit occupies <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${200\; \upmu{\text {m}}} \times {300\;\upmu {\text {m}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> .
Bidirectional current 4H‐SiC VJFET (2007)

Abstract Silicon Carbide is an attractive material to develop new generation of power devices due to its outstanding physical and thermal properties. Due to the JFET performances, the reverse mode shows a great interest for power applications particularly concerning bidirectional current capability. Besides, the device temperature behaviour has been characterised up to 300 °C. We have observed excellent temperature performances in the reverse and forward conduction modes since R on only shows a ×5 and ×4 increase, respectively, from 30 °C to 300 °C. In blocking mode, the leakage current is below the nA range at room temperature and rises the μA range at 300 °C, remaining very low compared to Si devices. In conclusion, one may state that the SiC JFET is a suitable switch for high temperature power applications, showing bidirectional current capability. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cavity-induced antiguiding in a selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1998)

Cavity-induced antiguiding of a lasing mode is demonstrated in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Selective oxidation of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) layer is used to generate a spectrally red-shifted cavity region cladding the lasing mode, with a second selectively oxidized aperture used to form the current confinement to the antiguided mode. Near-field, far-field, and spectral measurements are used to characterize lasing in both the antiguided mode and the antiguiding region.
Characterizing One-day Missions of PHEVs Based on Representative Synthetic Driving Cycles (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper investigates series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) behavior during one-day with synthesized representative one-day missions. The amounts of electric energy and fuel consumption are predicted to assess the PHEV impact on the grid with respect to the driving distance and different charging scenarios: (1) charging overnight, (2) charging whenever possible. The representative cycles are synthesized using the extracted information from the real-world driving data in Southeast Michigan gathered through the Field Operational Tests (FOT) conducted by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI). The real-world driving data include 4,409 trips covering 830 independent days and temporal distributions of departure and arrival times. The sample size is large enough to represent real-world driving. The driving cycle synthesis approach proposed by Lee, and Filipi [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;],[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] based on a stochastic process and subsequent validation procedure is used to create real-world driving cycles. To cover the entire range of real-world driving distance, ten synthetic cycles are created ranging from 4.78 miles to 40.71 miles following the real-world driving distance distribution. The PHEV behavior over one-day is characterized through a simulation based approach. The PHEV simulation is executed using Matlab simulink based Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) developed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and in-house Matlab codes. The amounts of the electricity and fuel consumptions over one-day are predicted under different driving distances and different charging scenarios. The prediction of the PHEV behavior can be directly linked to the loads on the local distribution network.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Microphysiological Systems as Enabling Tools for Modeling Complexity in the Tumor Microenvironment and Accelerating Cancer Drug Development (2019)

Abstract Tumor cell heterogeneity with distinct phenotypes, genotypes, and epigenetic states as well as the complex tumor microenvironment is major challenges for cancer diagnosis and treatment. There have been substantial advances in our knowledge of tumor biology and in the capabilities of available biological analysis tools; however, the absence of physiologically relevant in vitro testing platforms limits our ability to gain an in‐depth understanding of the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer pathology. In this review, recent advances in engineered tumor microenvironments to advance cancer research and drug discovery are presented, including tumor spheroids, microfluidic chips, paper scaffolds, hydrogel‐based engineered tissues, 3D bioprinted scaffolds, and multiscale topography. Furthermore, how these technologies address the specific characteristics of the native tumor microenvironment is described. Through the comparison of these biomimetic 3D tumor models to conventional 2D culture models, the validity and physiological relevance of these platforms for fundamental in vitro studies of the tumor biology, as well as their potential use in drug screening applications, is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Selective Synthesis of N‐Boc Protected Secondary Amines: Tandem Direct Reductive Amination/N‐Boc Protection. (2013)

Abstract An efficient, selective, step‐economic, and versatile procedure for the title synthesis is developed by using inexpensive and well‐tolerated reaction conditions with exception of weakly nucleophilic arylamines.
ABSENCE OF TYPE VI COLLAGEN REDUCES ABERRANT REMODELING AND PRESERVES CARDIAC FUNCTION AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (2011)

We have previously reported that type VI collagen plays a potentially significant role in remodeling by inducing cardiac fibroblasts to differentiate into wound healing myofibroblasts (MyoFbs) in isolated cultures in vitro. The goal of this project was to then determine an in vivo role of type VI collagen to induce MyoFb differentiation and influence post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling in mice lacking this non-fibrillar collagen. We induced MI by occluding the left coronary artery in wild type (WT) and collagen VI null mice (ColVI KO) and performed serial echocardiographic and molecular assessments from 1–8 weeks after MI. Echocardiography at 8 weeks post-MI revealed that cardiac function was significantly preserved in ColVI KO mice: ejection fraction decreased only 20.4% compared to a decrease of 56.0% in WT mice. Aberrant post-MI remodeling and LV chamber dilation was also less evident in ColVI KO mice, as indicated by a small 6.0% increase in LV diastolic volume (LVDV) compared to a 71.6% increase in LVDV measured in WT mice. MyoFb presence was evident in the infarcted area, as a-SMA protein levels increased 6.5 fold in the ColVI KO mice over sham controls (vs. 4.5 fold increase in WT). We therefore conclude that the absence of type VI collagen preserves cardiac function, allows for adequate activation of MyoFbs to stabilize the infarcted area, and limits aberrant remodeling of the myocardium following MI.
Complex Kinetics of Binding of Human Alpha-2 Interferon to Human, But Not Bovine Cells (1984)

Human alpha-2 interferon (HuIFN-alpha 2) is an effective antiviral agent for bovine cells, but does not inhibit the proliferation of these heterologous cells. A comparison of the kinetics of binding of 125I-HuIFN-alpha 2 at 4 degrees C to several bovine and human cells, shows that the kinetics of the initial receptor interactions are very different in the two species. Binding of HuIFN-alpha 2 to bovine cells follows the simple kinetics predicted for one species of ligand interacting with one type of high-affinity receptor. The kinetics of binding to human cells showing a range of sensitivities to the antigrowth effect are complex and indicate that receptor occupancy increases the rate of association of ligand. It is suggested that dimers of HuIFN-alpha 2 may be formed on the human, but not the bovine receptor, and where these occur between receptors, their formation may relate to the inhibition of cell growth.
Design and Implementation of Probabilistic Programming Language Anglican (2016)

Anglican is a probabilistic programming system designed to interoperate with Clojure and other JVM languages. We introduce the programming language Anglican, outline our design choices, and discuss in depth the implementation of the Anglican language and runtime, including macro-based compilation, extended CPS-based evaluation model, and functional representations for probabilistic paradigms, such as a distribution, a random process, and an inference algorithm. We show that a probabilistic functional language can be implemented efficiently and integrated tightly with a conventional functional language with only moderate computational overhead. We also demonstrate how advanced probabilistic modeling concepts are mapped naturally to the functional foundation.
Lewis acid-promoted reactions of substituted pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,1005,9]undecane-8,11-diones with ethyl diazoacetate (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid-promoted reactions of substituted pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,1005,9]undecane-8,11-diones with ethyl diazoacetateAlan P. Marchand, Pendri Annapurna, S. Pulla Reddy, William H. Watson, and Ante NaglCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 1, 187–193Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00262a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00262a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Protection Against Clostridium difficile Infection With Broadly Neutralizing Antitoxin Monoclonal Antibodies (2012)

The spore-forming bacterium Clostridium difficile represents the principal cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. C. difficile infection (CDI) is mediated by 2 bacterial toxins, A and B; neutralizing these toxins with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides a potential nonantibiotic strategy for combating the rising prevalence, severity, and recurrence of CDI. Novel antitoxin mAbs were generated in mice and were humanized. The humanized antitoxin A mAb PA-50 and antitoxin B mAb PA-41 have picomolar potencies in vitro and bind to novel regions of the respective toxins. In a hamster model for CDI, 95% of animals treated with a combination of humanized PA-50 and PA-41 showed long-term survival relative to 0% survival of animals treated with standard antibiotics or comparator mAbs. These humanized mAbs provide insight into C. difficile intoxication and hold promise as potential nonantibiotic agents for improving clinical management of CDI.
Photo-triggered microgel aggregation using o-nitrobenzaldehyde as aggregating power source (2015)

In this work, cationic and anionic microgels which are mainly formed from thermal responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), are prepared and mixed in water. These microgels interact with each other due to the electrostatic interaction, and aggregate voluntarily. By applying the microgel aggregating system, photo-responsive aggregating system is constructed by using o-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA), which reacts and releases hydrogen triggered by photo stimuli. The microgel aggregates in an aqueous solution of NBA re-disperse depending on the irradiation time of UV light. In addition, by masking the UV irradiated area, the resultant shapes of microgel aggregates are controlled. The aggregated microgel shows rapid and drastic volume changes in response to heat. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1317-1322
Access and home networking technology standards (2017)

The articles in this special section addresses industry standards and the technologies used for the portion of the commuinications network nearest the customer. This includes home networking technology used by a multitude of networked devices within the home or business to communicate with each other (local area networking) and to communicate with the public network (wide area networking). This series also addresses the access technologies providing communications between the customer premises and the nearest traffic aggregation node of the public network, such as a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) or optical line termination (OLT). Access and home networking technologies must deal with many special challenges: the noise and physical defects impairing the transmission of information, the economics of equipment serving a single customer, and the management of millions of devices dispersed over a large area. This series focuses on the industry standards for access and home networking, including standards development organizations such as the ITU-T, IEEE, IETF, ETSI, and ATIS, industry organizations such as the Broadband Forum, CableLabs, MEF, TMF, and open source entities such as OCP and OPNFV.