gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Target diagnostic system for the national ignition facility (invited) (1997)

A review of recent progress on the design of a diagnostic system proposed for ignition target experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of optical, x ray, gamma ray, and neutron diagnostics that enable measurements of the performance of both direct and indirect driven NIF targets. The philosophy used in designing all of the diagnostics in the set has emphasized redundant and independent measurement of fundamental physical quantities relevant to the operation of the NIF target. A unique feature of these diagnostics is that they are being designed to be capable of operating in the high radiation, electromagnetic pulse, and debris backgrounds expected on the NIF facility. The diagnostic system proposed can be categorized into three broad areas: laser characterization, hohlraum characterization, and capsule performance diagnostics. The operating principles of a representative instrument from each class of diagnostic employed in this package will be summarized and illustrated with data obtained in recent prototype diagnostic tests.
Complement pathway amplifies caspase-11–dependent cell death and endotoxin-induced sepsis severity (2016)

Cell death and release of proinflammatory mediators contribute to mortality during sepsis. Specifically, caspase-11-dependent cell death contributes to pathology and decreases in survival time in sepsis models. Priming of the host cell, through TLR4 and interferon receptors, induces caspase-11 expression, and cytosolic LPS directly stimulates caspase-11 activation, promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines through pyroptosis and caspase-1 activation. Using a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome-wide screen, we identified novel mediators of caspase-11-dependent cell death. We found a complement-related peptidase, carboxypeptidase B1 (Cpb1), to be required for caspase-11 gene expression and subsequent caspase-11-dependent cell death. Cpb1 modifies a cleavage product of C3, which binds to and activates C3aR, and then modulates innate immune signaling. We find the Cpb1-C3-C3aR pathway induces caspase-11 expression through amplification of MAPK activity downstream of TLR4 and Ifnar activation, and mediates severity of LPS-induced sepsis (endotoxemia) and disease outcome in mice. We show C3aR is required for up-regulation of caspase-11 orthologues, caspase-4 and -5, in primary human macrophages during inflammation and that c3aR1 and caspase-5 transcripts are highly expressed in patients with severe sepsis; thus, suggesting that these pathways are important in human sepsis. Our results highlight a novel role for complement and the Cpb1-C3-C3aR pathway in proinflammatory signaling, caspase-11 cell death, and sepsis severity.
Hydrophobic Vancomycin Derivatives with Improved ADME Properties: Discovery of Telavancin (TD-6424) (2004)

Novel derivatives of N-decylaminoethylvancomycin (2), containing appended hydrophilic groups were synthesized and their antibacterial activity and ADME properties were evaluated. The compounds were prepared by reacting amines with the C-terminus (C-) of 2 using PyBOP mediated amide formation, or with the resorcinol-like (R-) position of 2 using a Mannich aminomethylation reaction. These analogs retained the antibacterial activity of 2 against methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Compounds with a negatively charged auxiliary group also exhibited improved ADME properties relative to 2. In particular, R-phosphonomethylaminomethyl derivative 21 displayed good in vitro antibacterial activity, high urinary recovery and low distribution to liver and kidney tissues. Based on these results, 21 was advanced into development as TD-6424, and is currently in human clinical trials. The generic name telavancin has recently been approved for compound 21.
Minimum Five-Year Outcomes with Porous Tantalum Acetabular Cup and Augment Construct in Complex Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (2017)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A links pregnancy and melanoma progression by promoting cellular migration and invasion (2015)

Melanoma is the most common cancer diagnosed in pregnant women and an aggressive course with poorer outcomes is commonly described during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth. The underlying mechanisms for this are not understood. Here, we report that melanoma migration, invasiveness and progression are promoted by Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPPA), a pregnancy-associated metalloproteinase produced by the placenta that increases the bioavailability of IGF1 by cleaving it from a circulating complex formed with IGFBP4. We show that PAPPA is widely expressed by metastatic melanoma tumors and is elevated in melanoma cells exhibiting mesenchymal, invasive and label-retaining phenotypes. Notably, inhibition of PAPPA significantly reduced invasion and migration of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo within the embryonic chicken neural tube. PAPPA-enriched pregnancy serum treatment enhanced melanoma motility in vitro. Furthermore, we report that IGF1 can induce the phenotypic and functional effects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in melanoma cells. In this study, we establish a clear relationship between a pregnancy-associated protein PAPPA, melanoma and functional effects mediated through IGF1 that provides a plausible mechanism for accelerated melanoma progression during pregnancy. This opens the possibility of targeting the PAPPA/IGF1 axis therapeutically.
Supplementary File 9 from Genome-Wide Functional Synergy between Amplified and Mutated Genes in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary File 9 from Genome-Wide Functional Synergy between Amplified and Mutated Genes in Human Breast Cancer
Identification of a novel putative pancreatic stem/progenitor cell marker DCAMKL-1 in normal mouse pancreas (2010)

Stem cells are critical in maintaining adult homeostasis and have been proposed to be the origin of many solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer. Here we demonstrate the expression patterns of the putative intestinal stem cell marker DCAMKL-1 in the pancreas of uninjured C57BL/6 mice compared with other pancreatic stem/progenitor cell markers. We then determined the viability of isolated pancreatic stem/progenitor cells in isotransplantation assays following DCAMKL-1 antibody-based cell sorting. Sorted cells were grown in suspension culture and injected into the flanks of athymic nude mice. Here we report that DCAMKL-1 is expressed in the main pancreatic duct epithelia and islets, but not within acinar cells. Coexpression was observed with somatostatin, NGN3, and nestin, but not glucagon or insulin. Isolated DCAMKL-1+ cells formed spheroids in suspension culture and induced nodule formation in isotransplantation assays. Analysis of nodules demonstrated markers of early pancreatic development (PDX-1), glandular epithelium (cytokeratin-14 and Ep-CAM), and isletlike structures (somatostatin and secretin). These data taken together suggest that DCAMKL-1 is a novel putative stem/progenitor marker, can be used to isolate normal pancreatic stem/progenitors, and potentially regenerates pancreatic tissues. This may represent a novel tool for regenerative medicine and a target for anti-stem cell-based therapeutics in pancreatic cancer.
File System Virtual Appliances: Portable File System Implementations (CMU-PDL-09-102) (2018)

File system virtual appliances (FSVAs) address the portability headaches that plague file system (FS) developers. By packaging their FS implementation in a VM, separate from the VM that runs user applications, they can avoid the need to port the file system to each OS and OS version. A small FS-agnostic proxy, maintained by the core OS developers, connects the FSVA to whatever OS the user chooses. This paper describes an FSVA design that maintains FS semantics for unmodified FS implementations and provides desired OS and virtualization features, such as a unified buffer cache and VM migration. Evaluation of prototype FSVA implementations in Linux and NetBSD, using Xen as the VMM, demonstrates that the FSVA architecture is efficient, FS-agnostic, and able to insulate file system implementations from OS differences that would otherwise require explicit porting.
A design methodology for multi-kW, large air-gap, MHz frequency, wireless power transfer systems (2011)

In a loosely coupled kW level wireless power transfer system, it is difficult to consider multiple design considerations simultaneously because of the system complexity. Circuit design methodology is critical to achieve efficient, low VA rating, and stable system. In this paper, a design methodology for a loosely coupled series-parallel resonant system is proposed. Proposed design methodology is evaluated by a 3kW, 30cm distance power transfer design example. Using the methodology, efficiency, VA rating, stability, and safety issues are considered simultaneously. The example model is implemented by means of FEA. A surface spiral winding transmitter coil is used in the FEA model. Quality factor (Q) dependence of surface spiral winding on mechanical design parameters is investigated to maximize the Q. Based on the investigation, a high Q coil is designed for the system and the coil is used as a transmitter to evaluate the proposed methodology.
Cover Picture: A General and Versatile Approach to Thermally Generated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (Chem. Eur. J. 16/2004) (2004)

The cover picture shows the synthesis of pentafluorobenzene adducts of N ‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), designed to undergo thermal deprotection to generate NHC. The utility of these adducts as organic catalyst precursors for living ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide, condensation polymerizations and transesterification reactions is described, as well as synthons for NHC bearing organometallic complexes by J. Hedrick et al. p. 4073 ff.
Large-scale structure of a leading-edge separation bubble with local forcing (1997)

The Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) expansion is used to extract coherent structures from a leading-edge separation bubble with local forcing. A leading-edge separation bubble is simulated using the discrete vortex method, where a time-dependent source forcing is perturbed near the separation point. Based on the wealth of numerical data, the K-L procedure is applied in a range of the forcing amplitude (A0 = 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) and forcing frequency (0 ≤ fFH/U∞ ≤ 0.3). Application of K-L procedure reveals that the eigenstructures are changed noticeably by local forcings. In an effort to investigate the mechanism of decreasing reattachment length (xR), dynamic behaviors of the expansion coefficients and contributions of the eigenfunctions are scrutinized. As the forcing amplitude increases, large-scale vortex structures are formed near the separation point. Furthermore, the flow becomes more organized, which results in the reduction of xR. Two distinctive regimes are classified: the regime of decreaing xR and the regime of increasing xR. The K-L global entropy indicates that xR is closely linked to the organization of the flow structure.
Folding of Apocytochrome c in Lipid Micelles:  Formation of α-Helix Precedes Membrane Insertion (1999)

Apocytochrome c, which in aqueous solution is largely unstructured, acquires a highly alpha-helical structure upon interaction with lipid. The alpha-helix content induced in apocytochrome c depends on the lipid system, and this folding process is driven by both electrostatic and hydrophobic lipid-protein interactions. The folding kinetic mechanism of apocytochrome c induced by zwitterionic micelles of lysophosphatidylcholine (L-PC), predominantly driven by hydrophobic lipid-protein interactions, was investigated by fluorescence stopped-flow measurements of Trp 59 and fluorescein-phosphatidylethanolamine-(FPE) labeled micelles, in combination with stopped-flow far-UV circular dichroism. It was found that formation of the alpha-helical structure of apocytochrome c precedes membrane insertion. The unfolded state in solution (U(W)) binds to the micelle surface in a helical conformation (I(S)) and is followed by insertion into the lipid micelle, i.e., formation of the final helical state H(L). Binding of apocytochrome c to the lipid micelle (U(W) --> I(S)) is concurrent with formation of a large fraction (75-100%, depending on lipid concentration) of the alpha-helical structure of the final lipid-inserted state H(L). The highly helical intermediate I(S) is formed on the time scale of 3-12 ms, depending on lipid concentration, and inserts into the lipid micelle (I(S) --> H(L)) in the time range of approximately 200 ms to >1 s, depending on lipid-to-protein ratio. The final lipid-inserted helical state H(L) in L-PC micelles has an alpha-helix content approximately 65% of that of cytochrome c in solution and has no compact stable tertiary structure as revealed by circular dichroism results.
Human Neutrophil Peptides (HNPs) Inhibit Proteolytic Cleavage of von Willebrand Factor by ADAMTS13: A Potential Link between Inflammation and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2017)

provide a novel link between inflammation/infections and the onset of microvascular thrombosis
Utilization of Maltodextrin‐Based Enantioselective, Potentiometric Membrane Electrodes for the Enantioselective Assay of S‐Flurbiprofen (2006)

Abstract Three enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes (EPMEs) based on carbon paste impregnated with different maltodextrins [dextrose equivalent (DE) (DE 4.0–7.0 (I), 13–17 (II), 16.5–19.5 (III)], were proposed as chiral selectors for the assay of S‐flurbiprofen raw materials and from its pharmaceutical formulation, Froben 100® tablets. The best response and enantioselectivity were obtained when maltodextrin with lower DE was used for the electrode design. The three EPMEs showed very low detection limits. The surfaces of the electrodes are easily renewable by simply polishing on an alumina paper.
Proton-Metal Reactions in Thin Films with Boltzmann Distribution Similar to Nuclear Astrophysics (1999)

The proton reactions in host metals like palladium, nickel, or titanium generate elements up to a proton number Z = 82 (lead), where the generation probability follows a kind of Boltzmann distribution. This is very similar to the standard abundance distribution of the elements in the universe for heavy elements. The analogy leads to a relation to the magic numbers of the nuclear shell model, to its alternative (more general) foundation on the Bagge series contrary to the spin model of Jensen and Goeppert-Mayer, and to new large magic numbers in agreement with Greiner et al.’s results on superheavy elements.
Probing the Water Coordination of Protein‐Targeted MRI Contrast Agents by Pulsed ENDOR Spectroscopy (2005)

A novel methodology based on electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is used for the direct determination of the water coordination number (q) of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Proton ENDOR spectra can be obtained at approximately physiological concentrations for metal complexes in frozen aqueous solutions either in the presence or absence of protein targets. It is shown that, depending on the structure of the co-ligand, the water hydration number of a complex in aqueous solution can be significantly different to when the complex is noncovalently bound to a protein. From the ENDOR spectra of the exchangeable protons, precise information on the metal-proton distance can be derived as well. These essential parameters directly correlate with the efficacy of MRI contrast agents and should therefore aid the development of novel, highly efficient compounds targeted to various proteins.
Splintering with distributions: A stochastic decoy scheme for private\n computation (2020)

Performing computations while maintaining privacy is an important problem in\ntodays distributed machine learning solutions. Consider the following two set\nups between a client and a server, where in setup i) the client has a public\ndata vector $\\mathbf{x}$, the server has a large private database of data\nvectors $\\mathcal{B}$ and the client wants to find the inner products $\\langle\n\\mathbf{x,y_k} \\rangle, \\forall \\mathbf{y_k} \\in \\mathcal{B}$. The client does\nnot want the server to learn $\\mathbf{x}$ while the server does not want the\nclient to learn the records in its database. This is in contrast to another\nsetup ii) where the client would like to perform an operation solely on its\ndata, such as computation of a matrix inverse on its data matrix $\\mathbf{M}$,\nbut would like to use the superior computing ability of the server to do so\nwithout having to leak $\\mathbf{M}$ to the server. \\par We present a stochastic\nscheme for splitting the client data into privatized shares that are\ntransmitted to the server in such settings. The server performs the requested\noperations on these shares instead of on the raw client data at the server. The\nobtained intermediate results are sent back to the client where they are\nassembled by the client to obtain the final result.\n
Maximizing static network lifetime of wireless broadcast ad hoc networks (2004)

We investigate the problem of energy-efficient broadcast routing over wireless static ad hoc network where host mobility is not involves. We define the lifetime of a network as the duration of time until the first node failure due to battery depletion. We provide a globally optimal solution to the problem maximizing a static network lifetime through a graph theoretic approach. We also provide extensive comparative simulation studies.
Incomplete Neutralization and Deviation from Sigmoidal Neutralization Curves for HIV Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (2015)

The broadly neutralizing HIV monoclonal antibodies (bnMAbs) PG9, PG16, PGT151, and PGT152 have been shown earlier to occasionally display an unusual virus neutralization profile with a non-sigmoidal slope and a plateau at <100% neutralization. In the current study, we were interested in determining the extent of non-sigmoidal slopes and plateaus at <100% for HIV bnMAbs more generally. Using both a 278 panel of pseudoviruses in a CD4 T-cell (U87.CCR5.CXCR4) assay and a panel of 117 viruses in the TZM-bl assay, we found that bnMAbs targeting many neutralizing epitopes of the spike had neutralization profiles for at least one virus that plateaued at <90%. Across both panels the bnMAbs targeting the V2 apex of Env and gp41 were most likely to show neutralization curves that plateaued <100%. Conversely, bnMAbs targeting the high-mannose patch epitopes were less likely to show such behavior. Two CD4 binding site (CD4bs) Abs also showed this behavior relatively infrequently. The phenomenon of incomplete neutralization was also observed in a large peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-grown molecular virus clone panel derived from patient viral swarms. In addition, five bnMAbs were compared against an 18-virus panel of molecular clones produced in 293T cells and PBMCs and assayed in TZM-bl cells. Examples of plateaus <90% were seen with both types of virus production with no consistent patterns observed. In conclusion, incomplete neutralization and non-sigmoidal neutralization curves are possible for all HIV bnMAbs against a wide range of viruses produced and assayed in both cell lines and primary cells with implications for the use of antibodies in therapy and as tools for vaccine design.
Measuring “West Meets East” in Strategic Management Research Using Cultural Consensus Model and Cultural Mixture Model Analyses (2012)

Purpose – This chapter introduces two empirical models that could be used to examine the influence of Eastern and Western culture on strategic management: the cultural consensus model (CCM) and the cultural mixture model (CMM).Methodology/approach – We describe how strategic management scholars can use these models and suggest areas where these models can be of greatest use, including international market entry, international mergers and acquisitions and international alliances, global headquarters and subsidiary relationships, and corporate governance.Findings – Originally developed by cognitive anthropologists and cultural psychologists, these models can measure domain specificity, scope, and heterogeneity of cultural influences within and across Eastern and Western societies; can address multilevel issues; and can measure an individual or firm's representativeness of the culture.Social implications – This new research methodology can help strategic management researchers address the impact of “West meets East” on strategic management outcomes and processes.Originality/value of chapter – The two empirical models provide methodologies that integrate qualitative and quantitative methods.
Ocular inflammation stimulated by intravitreal interleukin-8 and interleukin-1. (1991)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a cytokine with neutrophil chemotactic and activating properties, is known to be stimulated by IL-1. Fischer rats are more resistant to inflammation than Lewis rats probably due to a higher corticosteroid stress response. To determine the role of IL-8 in ocular inflammation, the effect of intravitreal injection of IL-8 was compared with that of IL-1 in both Lewis and Fischer rats. The IL-8, IL-1 alpha, or sterile balanced salt solution (control) was injected into one eye of each animal. Both IL-8 and IL-1 alpha caused inflammation in the eye of both strains, as detected by leukocyte counts of the anterior chamber and histopathologic examination. The eyes of animals injected with a cytokine had significantly higher numbers of leukocytes compared with eyes of control animals. Histopathologic examination confirmed these findings. The IL-1 alpha induced inflammation more consistently and more severely than the most effective dose of IL-8. This finding agreed with the concept of IL-1 initiating a cascade of inflammatory mediators including IL-8, which acts more specifically on a smaller population of leukocytes. A contralateral response was observed in the uninjected eye of experimental and control animals. The contralateral response in animals receiving the cytokines was significantly greater than that in controls. Lewis rats show a higher inflammatory response to the injections than do the Fischer rats. These data suggest that IL-8 may be active as one component in neutrophil-mediated ocular inflammation.
Sliced Wasserstein Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2019)

In this work, we connect two distinct concepts for unsupervised domain adaptation: feature distribution alignment between domains by utilizing the task-specific decision boundary and the Wasserstein metric. Our proposed sliced Wasserstein discrepancy (SWD) is designed to capture the natural notion of dissimilarity between the outputs of task-specific classifiers. It provides a geometrically meaningful guidance to detect target samples that are far from the support of the source and enables efficient distribution alignment in an end-to-end trainable fashion. In the experiments, we validate the effectiveness and genericness of our method on digit and sign recognition, image classification, semantic segmentation, and object detection.