gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Latent Semantic Analysis for Text Mining and Beyond (2013)

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) or Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), when applied to information retrieval, has been a major analysis approach in text mining. It is an extension of the vector space method in information retrieval, representing documents as numerical vectors but using a more sophisticated mathematical approach to characterize the essential features of the documents and reduce the number of features in the search space. This chapter summarizes several major approaches to this dimensionality reduction, each of which has strengths and weaknesses, and it describes recent breakthroughs and advances. It shows how the constructs and products of LSA applications can be made user-interpretable and reviews applications of LSA beyond information retrieval, in particular, to text information visualization. While the major application of LSA is for text mining, it is also highly applicable to cross-language information retrieval, Web mining, and analysis of text transcribed from speech and textual information in video.
Development and Comparison of Purgeable Mercury Values in SRR Samples Measured by SRNL and Eurofins FGS (2019)

Savannah River Remediation (SRR) requested the development of mercury speciation capabilities at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to support the Liquid Waste Operations at SRS. As part of that method development, SRR requested that SRNL Analytical Development (AD) compare their results with those obtained from their outside contract laboratory, Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences (FGS). This document reports on this method development work as well as the comparative analyses conducted between the two laboratories. Development, optimization, and validation were undertaken at SRNL to produce a method for the species-specific analysis of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in samples from SRR. It was determined that DGM present in SRR samples represented a combination of various soluble and volatile mercury species- and is thus referred to in this document as purgeable mercury. A method has been developed and analytically validated for the analysis of purgeable mercury in caustic nuclear waste. Using multivariate optimization method, purge flow rate was determined to be highly correlated with increased response (p=0.023). Total recovery of spiked purgeable mercury from deionized water was 99.4 ±10.6% and 91.6 ±14.9% from spiked high-activity tank waste samples. Calibration, by external calibration and standard addition calibration, maintained a mean accuracy of 101 ±5% and 99.9 ±1.7%, respectively. This method represents a decrease in sample handling and processing over currently standard methods and represents a more amenable method for purgeable mercury analysis in liquid nuclear waste.1 An interlaboratory comparison was performed between SRNL and Eurofins FGS in the co-analysis of three quarterly Tank 50 samples. Two samples demonstrated no statistically significant difference (p=0.271, p=0.0811), with one sample biased 30% low to a statistically significant degree (p=0.0432). Large mean uncertainty was present in the results reported by both laboratories (±15% and 40% from SRNL and Eurofins), with no significant difference observed in uncertainty (p=0.934). Across all co-analyzed samples, no significantly difference was observed in precision (p=0.205) or reported values (p=0.352) between SRNL and Eurofins. These results indicate that SRNL-AD may provide data to the customer of statistically similar quality.
Burst-dependent plasticity and dendritic amplification support target-based learning and hierarchical imitation learning (2022)

The brain can learn to solve a wide range of tasks with high temporal and energetic efficiency. However, most biological models are composed of simple single compartment neurons and cannot achieve the state-of-art performances of artificial intelligence. We propose a multi-compartment model of pyramidal neuron, in which bursts and dendritic input segregation give the possibility to plausibly support a biological target-based learning. In target-based learning, the internal solution of a problem (a spatio temporal pattern of bursts in our case) is suggested to the network, bypassing the problems of error backpropagation and credit assignment. Finally, we show that this neuronal architecture naturally support the orchestration of hierarchical imitation learning, enabling the decomposition of challenging long-horizon decision-making tasks into simpler subtasks.
Whole body large wall display interfaces (2010)

This video demonstrates an application that uses a body-centric approach to support interaction with very large wall displays. The design is centered on a virtual body model that represents the users in the context of the workspace, relative to one another as well as to the display(s). This concept of body-centric interaction serves both as a design philosophy and an implementation approach and is both general and powerful. Our approach is general because if the model is detailed enough, a broad range of interaction techniques can be implemented. It is powerful because it opens up an entire class of new interaction techniques: those that depend on properties of a users' body, such as arm or hand pointing direction, head direction, or body location or orientation. The video highlights some of the body-centric interaction techniques that we believe are of value based on how people use their bodies in the everyday world.
Positive-Phase Temperature Scaling for Quantum-Assisted Boltzmann Machine Training (2022)

Quantum-assisted sampling is a promising technique to enable training probabilistic ML models, which otherwise depend on slow-mixing classical sampling methods; such as, the use of Quantum Annealing Processors (QAP) to train Boltzmann Machines (BMs). Previous work has shown that QAPs can sample from a Boltzmann distribution, although, at an unknown instance-dependent temperature. Due to this distribution divergence, existing training algorithms have resorted to negative-phase temperature scaling. This method, although effective under arduous tuning, introduces unwanted noise to the sampleset due to the quantization errors caused by the underutilization of the QAP bias ranges; and is prone to bias overflow. We introduce a change in the training algorithm to allow positive-phase temperature scaling; an approach that reduces the impact of quantization noise, while still incorporating temperature scaling. As a result, we see an overall improvement in the convergence rate and testing accuracy, when compared to the state-of-the-art approach.
POP Image Fusion -- Derivative Domain Image Fusion without Reintegration (2015)

There are many applications where multiple images are fused to form a single summary greyscale or colour output, including computational photography (e.g. RGB-NIR), diffusion tensor imaging (medical), and remote sensing. Often, and intuitively, image fusion is carried out in the derivative domain. Here, a new composite fused derivative is found that best accounts for the detail across all images and then the resulting gradient field is reintegrated. However, the reintegration step generally hallucinates new detail (not appearing in any of the input image bands) including halo and bending artifacts. In this paper we avoid these hallucinated details by avoiding the reintegration step. Our work builds directly on the work of Socolinsky and Wolff who derive their equivalent gradient field from the per-pixel Di Zenzo structure tensor which is defined as the inner product of the image Jacobian. We show that the x-and y-derivatives of the projection of the original image onto the Principal characteristic vector of the Outer Product (POP) of the Jacobian generates the same equivalent gradient field. In so doing, we have derived a fused image that has the derivative structure we seek. Of course, this projection will be meaningful only where the Jacobian has non-zero derivatives, so we diffuse the projection directions using a bilateral filter before we calculate the fused image. The resulting POP fused image has maximal fused detail but avoids hallucinated artifacts. Experiments demonstrate our method delivers state of the art image fusion performance.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying IL-4-Induced Leukocyte Recruitment In Vivo: A Critical Role for the α4 Integrin (1999)

Abstract IL-4 is known to induce recruitment of eosinophils and mononuclear leukocytes. In vitro this occurs in part by selective expression of VCAM-1, the ligand for the α4 integrin. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms that underlie IL-4-induced leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Mice received an intrascrotal injection of IL-4 (100 ng). Twenty-four hours later, leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration in cremasteric postcapillary venules were examined via intravital microscopy, and expression of VCAM-1 and P- and E-selectin was quantitated using a radiolabeled mAb technique. IL-4 increased VCAM-1 expression, but P-selectin and E-selectin remained at constitutive levels. IL-4 induced significant increases in leukocyte adhesion and emigration, with 50% of the emigrated cells being eosinophils and the remainder being mononuclear leukocytes. Leukocyte rolling in IL-4-treated mice was &amp;gt;95% inhibitable using an anti-P-selectin Ab. However, IL-4-induced leukocyte recruitment was unaltered in mice treated chronically with P-selectin Ab or mice deficient in either P-selectin or P- and E-selectin, suggesting that the residual rolling supported all of the IL-4-induced recruitment. In IL-4-treated mice following P-selectin blockade, tethering and rolling were not dependent on L-selectin, but were abolished by α4 integrin blockade. These findings show that the α4 integrin can initiate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the absence of selectins under shear conditions in vivo, and that the absence of selectins does not affect recruitment of eosinophils and mononuclear cells to IL-4-treated tissue.
Repurposing fed‐batch media and feeds for highly productive CHO perfusion processes (2019)

Perfusion is a cell culture mode that is gaining popularity for the manufacture of monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives. The cell culture media supporting perfusion culture need to support higher cell densities than those used in fed-batch culture. Therefore, when switching from a fed-batch to a perfusion mode, a new medium need to be developed which supports high cell densities, high productivity, and favorable product quality. We have developed a method for deriving perfusion culture media based on existing fed-batch media and feeds. We show that we can obtain culture media that successfully support perfusion cultures in a single-use rocking bioreactor system at cell-specific perfusion rates below 25 pL<sup>-1</sup> cell<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> . High productivities and favorable product quality are also achievable.
Electron Spin Resonance Studies of the Stable Free-Radical Polymerization of Styrene (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTElectron Spin Resonance Studies of the Stable Free-Radical Polymerization of StyrenePaula J. MacLeod, Richard P. N. Veregin, Peter G. Odell, and Michael K. GeorgesView Author Information Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 2, 530–531Publication Date (Web):January 6, 1998Publication History Received17 June 1997Revised31 October 1997Published online6 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma970880ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma970880abrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Living polymerization,Oxides,Polymerization,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Noise attenuation performance of mura apertures in photographic cameras (2012)

Coded apertures provide enhanced noise characteristics to lens-less imaging systems. Similar characteristics have been suggested for traditional cameras. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the amount of noise reduction provided by coded apertures when used in photographic cameras. They focus on the effects of coding mask sizes, positioning, mosaicing and rotation. The signal to noise ratio of photos taken with and without coding masks was evaluated. The mask pattern utilized was the modified uniformly redundant array (MURA). The experiments showed evidence of noise reduction and best results were obtained for masks with higher element count, mosaiced and limited to the sensor size.
Supercritical CO2 direct cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR) concept. (2011)

This report describes the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO{sub 2}) direct cycle gas fast reactor (SC-GFR) concept. The SC-GFR reactor concept was developed to determine the feasibility of a right size reactor (RSR) type concept using S-CO{sub 2} as the working fluid in a direct cycle fast reactor. Scoping analyses were performed for a 200 to 400 MWth reactor and an S-CO{sub 2} Brayton cycle. Although a significant amount of work is still required, this type of reactor concept maintains some potentially significant advantages over ideal gas-cooled systems and liquid metal-cooled systems. The analyses presented in this report show that a relatively small long-life reactor core could be developed that maintains decay heat removal by natural circulation. The concept is based largely on the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) commercial power plants operated in the United Kingdom and other GFR concepts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Equilibration, and Coupling of 4‐Lithio‐1,3‐dioxanes: Synthons for syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐Diols. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Targeting lymphoma with precision using semisynthetic anti-idiotype peptibodies (2016)

B-cell lymphomas express a functionally active and truly tumor-specific cell-surface product, the variable region of the B-cell receptor (BCR), otherwise known as idiotype. The tumor idiotype differs, however, from patient to patient, making it a technical challenge to exploit for therapy. We have developed a method of targeting idiotype by using a semisynthetic personalized therapeutic that is more practical to produce on a patient-by-patient basis than monoclonal antibodies. In this method, a small peptide with affinity for a tumor idiotype is identified by screening a library, chemically synthesized, and then affixed to the amino terminus of a premade IgG Fc protein. We demonstrate that the resultant semisynthetic anti-idiotype peptibodies kill tumor cells in vitro with specificity, trigger tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages, and efficiently clear human lymphoma in a murine xenograft model. This method could be used to target tumor with true precision on a personalized basis.
Kernspintomographie der Knorpelstrukturen des Kniegelenks mit 3D-Volumen-Imaging in Verbindung mit einem schnellen Bildrechner (1989)

MRI is of increasing importance as a noninvasive method for the investigation of abnormalities in the knee. 2-D spin-echo sequences were compared with 3-D gradient-echo sequence using normal and cadaver knee joints. 3-D imaging using a fast computer was found to provide significantly improved diagnostic information concerning the cartilage when compared with a 2-D spin-echo techniques. The important advantages are: sections of less than 1 mm., reconstruction in any required plane, which can be related to the complex anatomy of the knee joint, and very good distinction between intra-articular fluid, fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage.
Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for (Oxy)Nitride Phosphors (2016)

Nitride and oxynitride (Sialon) phosphors are good candidates for the ultraviolet and visible emission applications. High performance, good stability and flexibility of their emission properties can be achieved by controlling their composition and dopants. However, a lot of work is still required to improve their properties and to reduce the production cost. A possible approach is to correlate the luminescence properties of the Sialon particles with their local structural and chemical environment in order to optimize their growth parameters and find novel phosphors. For such a purpose, the low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy is a powerful technique. The use of electron as an excitation source allows detecting most of the luminescence centers, revealing their luminescence distribution spatially and in depth, directly comparing CL results with the other electron-based techniques, and investigating the stability of their luminescence properties under stress. Such advantages for phosphors characterization will be highlighted through examples of investigation on several Sialon phosphors by low-energy CL.
Motion-Aware Gradient Domain Video Composition (2013)

For images, gradient domain composition methods like Poisson blending offer practical solutions for uncertain object boundaries and differences in illumination conditions. However, adapting Poisson image blending to video presents new challenges due to the added temporal dimension. In video, the human eye is sensitive to small changes in blending boundaries across frames and slight differences in motions of the source patch and target video. We present a novel video blending approach that tackles these problems by merging the gradient of source and target videos and optimizing a consistent blending boundary based on a user-provided blending trimap for the source video. Our approach extends mean-value coordinates interpolation to support hybrid blending with a dynamic boundary while maintaining interactive performance. We also provide a user interface and source object positioning method that can efficiently deal with complex video sequences beyond the capabilities of alpha blending.
Microwave-propelled sails and their control (2003)

This paper presents the microwave-propelled sail, its structure, assumptions. We will present its equations of motion, then we will conduct stability analysis and we will design two controllers to make it asymptotically stable and marginally stable.
Spark Plasma Sintering and Optical Characterization of Lunar Regolith Simulant (2022)

Preprint version. Paper submitted to a journal on January 05, 2022.. Under review. <strong>Abstract</strong> To satisfy the essential needs, including energy requirements, for human and robotic space explorations on planetary objects like Moon, Mars and asteroids, the proper exploitation of resources available <em>in-situ </em>represents a crucial issue. Along this line, the present work investigates the potential of a sintered lunar regolith simulant (JSC-1A) for possible solar energy harvesting and thermal energy storage applications. Regolith simulant powders are first consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 700 and 900°C to produce bulk samples with different relative densities, i.e. 86 and 98%, respectively, and surface porosities. Only modest changes from the compositional point of view are induced by SPS according to XRD analysis. The optical properties of sintered samples and pristine regolith powders are compared, considering the spectral absorptance/emittance, the integrated solar absorptance and the integrated thermal emittance estimated in a temperature range representative for the ISRU application, i.e. from 100 to 1300K. We found that sintering changes the optical properties of regolith in a process-dependent way, with an increased solar absorptance and thermal emittance shown by sintered pellets with respect to pristine powders.
Differential response of the bvg virulence regulon of Bordetella pertussis to MgSO4 modulation (1991)

Magnesium sulfate is known to repress the expression of the virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis that are coordinately regulated by the bvg locus. We have tested the time required by MgSO4 to repress the synthesis of several bvg-regulated mRNA species and found that the promoters of the virulence genes (pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase, and filamentous hemagglutinin) are repressed in 6 min, while the autogenously regulated promoters of the bvg locus (P1, P3, and P4) are repressed only several hours later. These data show a differential behavior between regulated and autoregulated genes of the bvg regulon.
Robust and efficient recognition of low-quality images by cascaded recognizers with massive local features (2009)

For image recognition with camera phones, defocus and motion blur cause a serious drop of the image recognition rate. In this paper, we employ generative learning, i.e., generating blurred images and learning based on massive local features extracted from them, for a recognition method using approximate nearest neighbor search of local features. Major problems of generative learning are long processing time and a large amount of memory required for nearest neighbor search. The problems become serious when we use a large-scale database. In the proposed method, they are solved by cascaded recognizers and scalar quantization. From experimental results with up to one million images, we have confirmed that the proposed method improves the recognition rate, and cuts the processing time as compared to a method without generative learning.
Indication-oriented Ovulation Induction in Assisted Reproduction (2018)

Background: Ovulation induction plays an important role in the pregnancy outcome of assisted reproduction. Individualized controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH) based on the prediction of the ovarian response for each individual is regarded as the treatment of choice. Objective: This review summarizes the various protocols available at present and then examines the use of COH protocols for different causes of infertility. Results: The advantage and efficacy of mild stimulation are proposed as suitable for poor responders and women of advanced age. For women with endometriosis or adenomyosis, the reproductive outcomes of assisted reproduction benefit from prolonged downregulation with a gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonist before the start of ovarian stimulation. For high responders, a GnRH antagonist protocol facilitates a GnRH agonist trigger and the segmentation of in vitro fertilization cycle to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The efficacy of various adjuvant therapies, including growth hormone, estrogen, levothyroxine, vitamin D, melatonin and myo-inositol is also reviewed. Keywords: Controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation, assisted reproduction, adjuvant therapy, ovulation induction, in vitro fertilization, indication-oriented.