gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Horses Experimentally Infected with Sarcocystis neurona Develop Altered Immune Responses In Vitro (2008)

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection is 1 of the most common neurologic diseases in horses in the United States. The mechanisms by which most horses resist disease, as well as the possible mechanisms by which the immune system may be suppressed in horses that develop EPM, are not known. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether horses experimentally infected with S. neurona developed suppressed immune responses. Thirteen horses that were negative for S. neurona antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were randomly assigned to control (n = 5) or infected (n = 8) treatment groups. Neurologic exams and cerebrospinal fluid analyses were performed prior to, and following, S. neurona infection. Prior to, and at multiple time points following infection, immune parameters were determined. All 8 S. neurona-infected horses developed clinical signs consistent with EPM, and had S. neurona antibodies in the serum and CSF. Both infected and control horses had increased percentages (P < 0.05) of B cells at 28 days postinfection. Infected horses had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) proliferation responses as measured by thymidine incorporation to nonspecific mitogens phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (I) as soon as 2 days postinfection.
Disclosing the extensive crystal chemistry of Ivabradine hydrochloride, in its pure and solvated phases (2013)

Powder diffraction data are presented for Ivabradine hydrochloride (pure and solvated forms), a drug marketed worldwide for symptomatic treatment of angina pectoris and inappropriate sinus tachycardia . [Ivrabradine: 3-[3-({[(7 S )-3,4-dimethoxy bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino)propyl]-7,8-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-2-one]. Many are the different (polymorphic or solvated) phases claimed in the scientific or forensic literature. We have here prepared monophasic samples of six different ivabradine hydrochloride species. Exposure to water vapours, at room temperature, of the anhydrous δ -d form generated pure powders of the tetrahydrate form (the β -form). Two different anhydrous forms ( β -d and α ) were prepared by gentle, or extensive, heating of the β and δ -d forms, respectively. Acetonitrile and acetone solvates (hereafter called δ 1 - and δ 2 -forms) were obtained by precipitation methods from concentrated solutions. Diffraction data were collected on laboratory equipment with Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation; cell parameters and space groups were determined from ab initio indexing procedures using the SVD algorithm.
Hard X-Ray Phase Tomography with Low-Brilliance Sources (2007)

We report on a method for tomographic phase contrast imaging of centimeter sized objects. As opposed to existing techniques, our approach can be used with low-brilliance, lab based x-ray sources and thus is of interest for a wide range of applications in medicine, biology, and nondestructive testing. The work is based on the recent development of a hard x-ray grating interferometer, which has been demonstrated to yield differential phase contrast projection images. Here we particularly focus on how this method can be used for tomographic reconstructions using filtered back projection algorithms to yield quantitative volumetric information of both the real and imaginary part of the samples's refractive index.
TAK1–JNK Axis Mediates Survival Signal through Mcl1 Stabilization in Activated T Cells (2013)

TAK1, a member of MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKK-K) family, can activate JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Although targeted gene disruption studies have demonstrated that TAK1 plays a critical role in T cell functions, precise functions of downstream mediators remain elusive. We used the chemical compound LL-Z1640-2, which preferentially suppressed MAPK activation but not NF-κB signal downstream of TAK1. LL-Z1640-2 blocked TCR-induced T cell proliferation and activation, confirming that a TAK1-mediated MAPK signal is essential for T cell activation. LL-Z1640-2 induced apoptosis of activated mouse splenic T cells in a caspase- and caspase-activated DNase-dependent manner. TAK1-JNK pathway, which is activated downstream of IL-2R, induced the phosphorylation of antiapoptotic protein Mcl1 in activated T cells, resulting in the stabilization of Mcl1 protein. Our data uncover that among signal transduction pathways downstream of TAK1, JNK mediates a survival program through Mcl1 stabilization downstream of IL-2R in activated T cells and that blockade of TAK1-JNK pathway can eliminate activated T cells by apoptosis.
High-resolution multielement solid-state detectors (invited) (1996)

Recent advances in multielement solid-state detector systems for high rate, high resolution x-ray spectroscopy at noncryogenic temperatures will be described in this paper. A 16-channel silicon detector system, designed and built at BNL, has been recently operated in the NSLS machine beam ♯X19A, showing an average energy resolution of less than 250 eV FWHM, which is adequate to discriminate the fluorescence trace element against the background of elastically scattered photons in a typical EXAFS application. A larger, 128 channel system, will soon permit a higher overall count rate: ≳106 counts per second. It is shown that, in order to achieve high resolution with a solid-state detector, special care must be spent in the detector-preamplifier assembly. A low noise detectorpreamplifier may be obtained integrating the front-end devices (an FET and/or a feedback capacitor) with the detector itself.
Influence of the Perceived Data Security, Credibility, Trust and Confidence on the Usage Frequency of Internet Services and the Provision of Security Measures (2019)

Since internet services are more and more used in the daily private and business life, greater efforts on data security, credibility, confidence and trust regarding the networks, operators, service providers and security measures need to be performed. However, internet users often prefer a better performance and a greater availability of services rather than a higher data security for internet services. To verify if credibility, trust, confidence and data security are really less important in regard to the usage and usage frequency of internet services, the named variables and relations will be analyzed with an adjusted conceptual model based on elements of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2. This paper will describe the theoretical approach of the conceptual model and the research hypotheses for the later quantitative analysis.
Single-release-layer process for temporary bonding applications in the 3D integration area (2015)

One of the key aspects in 3D technology today is the bonding/debonding of a device wafer to a carrier wafer to enable wafer thinning and subsequent backside processing before 3D assembly. Not only must the ability of the bonding material to be very uniform in thickness across the wafer after bonding be considered, but also the ease of debonding from the carrier wafer. For the latter, a room temperature and lowforce mechanical debonding technique is one of the preferred approaches and the focus of most of the semiconductor players today. The next generation of materials (BrewerBOND® materials proposed by Brewer Science) combined with a single-release-layer process opens up new opportunities. Such materials offer a higher thermal stability during backside processing as compared to the current generation and present a higher solubility in solvent for improved post-debonding cleaning. Moreover, the singlerelease- layer carrier process strongly simplifies the carrier preparation as it reduces the overall number of steps required for surface preparation. A full process evaluation on active device wafers containing high frontside topography and through-silicon-vias (TSV) is described here. A process comparison with the existing ZoneBOND® process is also proposed in terms of cost of ownership: an overall cost reduction of about 20% is calculated when a single-releaselayer process is used, which includes carrier preparation and debonding process costs.
Milk Fat Globule Protein Epidermal Growth Factor-8 (2009)

Advancing age induces aortic wall thickening that results from the concerted effects of numerous signaling proteins, many of which have yet to be identified. To search for novel proteins associated with aortic wall thickening, we have performed a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study to analyze aortic proteins from young (8 months) and old (30 months) rats and identified 50 proteins that significantly change in abundance with aging. One novel protein, the milk fat globule protein epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), increases 2.3-fold in abundance in old aorta. Transcription and translation analysis demonstrated that aortic MFG-E8 mRNA and protein levels increase with aging in several mammalian species including humans. Dual immunolabeling shows that MFG-E8 colocalizes with both angiotensin II and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the thickened aged aortic wall. Exposure of early passage VSMCs from young aorta to angiotensin II markedly increases MFG-E8 and enhances invasive capacity to levels observed in VSMCs from old rats. Treatment of VSMCs with MFG-E8 increases MCP-1 expression and VSMCs invasion that are inhibited by the MCP-1 receptor blocker vCCI. Silencing MFG-E8 RNA substantially reduces MFG-E8 expression and VSMCs invasion capacity. The data indicate that arterial MFG-E8 significantly increases with aging and is a pivotal relay element within the angiotensin II/MCP-1/VSMC invasion signaling cascade. Thus, targeting of MFG-E8 within this signaling axis pathway is a potential novel therapy for the prevention and treatment of the age-associated vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Two-dimensional observation of the Maker fringe and its application to the poling state evaluation of ferroelectric domains (1997)

Two-dimensional images of the Maker fringe have been successfully obtained with a second-harmonic generation microscope that we recently constructed. Compared with conventional Maker fringe methods, our experimental technique offers several advantages of direct and rapid calculation of coherence lengths of optical nonlinear crystals. In addition, owing to the sensitivity of second-harmonic waves to orientational inhomogeneities, two-dimensional images built by second-harmonic waves make it possible to observe and evaluate the poling state of ferroelectric single domains or inhomogeneities in a specimen.
Study of theDs+→π−π+π+Decay and Measurement off0Masses and Widths (2001)

From a sample of 848+/-44 D(+)(s)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+) decays, we find gamma(D(+)(s)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+))/gamma(D(+)(s)-->straight phipi(+)) = 0.245+/-0.028(+0.019)(-0.012). Using a Dalitz plot analysis of this three body decay, we find significant contributions from the channels rho(0)(770)pi(+), rho(0)(1450)pi(+), f(0)(980)pi(+), f(2)(1270)pi(+), and f(0)(1370)pi(+). We also present the values obtained for masses and widths of the resonances f(0)(980) and f(0)(1370).
Analytic noise propagation for anisotropic denoising of CT images (2008)

In X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) the measured projections and consequently the reconstructed CT images are subject to quantum and electronics noise. While noise in the projections can be well described and estimated with a corresponding physics model, the distribution of noise in the reconstructed CT images is not directly evident. Due to attenuation variations along different directions, the nature of noise in CT images is non-stationary and directed. This complicates the direct application of standard post-processing methods like bilateral filtering. In this article we describe a possibility to compute precise orientation dependent noise estimates for every pixel position. This is done by analytic propagation of projection noise estimates through indirect fan-beam filtered backprojection reconstruction. The resulting orientation dependent image noise estimates are subsequently used in adaptive bilateral filters. Taking into account the non-stationary and non-isotropic nature of noise in CT images, an average improvement in SNR of about 60% is achieved compared to linear filtering at the same resolution.
Sensory Analysis (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Purpose of Sensory Analysis Flavor Perception Sensory Analysis Techniques Preparation and Planning Panel Selection Conducting a Panel Expression of Results Conclusions References
Plastic waste interferes with chemical communication in aquatic ecosystems (2019)

Environmental pollution with plastic waste has gained increasing attention, as the contamination of aquatic habitats poses a challenge to these ecosystems. Plastic waste has direct negative effects on animals such as reduced growth rate, fecundity or life span. However, the indirect effects of plastic waste, which has the ability to sorb chemicals from the surrounding media, on chemical communication have yet to be investigated. Chemical communication is crucial for aquatic organisms, e.g., to avoid predation. The planktonic water flea Daphnia (Crustacea), an important link between trophic levels, relies on info-chemicals (kairomones) to assess its current predation risk and to form inducible defences. We show that plastic waste, composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) interferes with the formation of inducible defences in Daphnia longicephala when exposed to a combination of kairomones of Notonecta glauca and plastic waste. D. longicephala shows a reduction in all defensive traits, including body length, crest width and time until primiparity, compared to exposure to solely kairomone conditioned media. Plastic waste in the absence of kairomones had no effect on defensive traits. Since it is vital to adjust these defences to the current predation risk, any misperception can have far-reaching ecological consequences. Therefore, plastic waste can have indirect effects on organisms, which may manifest at the community level.
Impaired maturation of the siderophore pyoverdine chromophore in Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 deficient for the cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcmC (2002)

Pyoverdines are the main siderophores of fluorescent pseudomonads. They comprise a quinoline chromophore, a peptide chain, and a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid amide side chain. Each Pseudomonas species produces a pyoverdine with a different peptide chain. A cytochrome c biogenesis DeltaccmC mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 produces multiple pyoverdine forms, showing differences at the level of the chromophore or the side chain. When grown in the presence of L-cysteine, DeltaccmC produces only ferribactin, a non-fluorescent precursor of pyoverdine, while addition of oxidized glutathione improves pyoverdine production. We suggest that the conversion of ferribactin to pyoverdine does not take place in the DeltaccmC mutant because of lack of oxidizing power in the periplasm.
Fiber Optic Fabry-Perot Sensors Embedded in Metal and in a Composite (1992)

In recent years a strong interest has developed in embedded fiber optic sensors for the monitoring of strain, temperature, and other parameters in structural materials [1]. The fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) using internal mirrors [2-4] is a strong candidate for this application because it provides localized ("point") sensing capability and high sensitivity, and is amenable to time-division multiplexing. Here, new results on the embedding of FFPIs in metals and composites are reported.
Associations between specific IgE sensitization to 26 respiratory allergen molecules and HLA class II alleles in the EGEA cohort (2021)

Our results support the important role of HLA class-II alleles as immune response genes predisposing their carriers for sensitization to various major pollen allergens.
Macrophilone A: Structure Elucidation, Total Synthesis, and Functional Evaluation of a Biologically Active Iminoquinone from the Marine Hydroid Macrorhynchia philippina (2017)

A previously uncharacterized pyrroloiminoquinone natural product, macrophilone A, was isolated from the stinging hydroid Macrorhynchia philippina. The structure was assigned utilizing long-range NMR couplings and DFT calculations and proved by a concise, five-step total synthesis. Macrophilone A and a synthetic analogue displayed potent biological activity, including increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and submicromolar cytotoxicity toward lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Beamformer Designs for MISO Broadcast Channels with Zero-Forcing Dirty Paper Coding (2013)

We consider the beamformer design for multiple-input multiple-output (MISO) broadcast channels (MISO BCs) using zero-forcing dirty paper coding (ZF-DPC). Assuming a sum power constraint (SPC), most previously proposed beamformer designs are based on the QR decomposition (QRD), which is a natural choice to satisfy the ZF constraints. However, the optimality of the QRD-based design for ZF-DPC has remained unknown. In this paper, first, we analytically establish that the QRD-based design is indeed optimal for any performance measure under a SPC. Then, we propose an optimal beamformer design method for ZF-DPC with per-antenna power constraints (PAPCs), using a convex optimization framework. The beamformer design is first formulated as a rank-1-constrained optimization problem. Exploiting the special structure of the ZF-DPC scheme, we prove that the rank constraint can be relaxed and still provide the same solution. In addition, we propose a fast converging algorithm to the beamformer design problem, under the duality framework between the BCs and multiple access channels (MACs). More specifically, we show that a BC with ZF-DPC has the dual MAC with ZF-based successive interference cancellation (ZF-SIC). In this way, the beamformer design for ZF-DPC is transformed into a power allocation problem for ZF-SIC, which can be solved more efficiently.
Conference Report: ‘Less Is More‘: Defining Modern Bioanalysis (2012)

The 4th Open Symposium of the European Bioanalytical Forum entitled 'Less is More' was held on 16-18 November 2011 at the Hesperia Tower Hotel, Barcelona, Spain. More than 50 interesting presentations were delivered covering areas with interest for the small- and large-molecule community - biomarker validation; regulations, including an update on new and emerging guidelines and on Global harmonization; technology updates; incurred sample stability; microdosing; dried blood spots and microsampling; challenges of 'free' and 'total' macromolecule quantification; stability issues in ligand binding assays or anomalous results. In excess of 450 delegates from more than 170 institutes and companies (industry, regulators and academia) from all global regions participated in the open and stimulating discussions. This manuscript provides an overview of the highlights discussed at the meeting.
Diastereoselective Zinco-Cyclopropanation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols with gem-Dizinc Carbenoids (2005)

The highly diastereoselective zinco-cyclopropanation of chiral allylic alcohols using gem-dizinc carbenoids is described. The reaction produces three contiguous stereogenic centers, and the resulting chiral cyclopropylzinc derivatives can be trapped with electrophiles with retention of configuration. Simple functional group manipulations lead to the efficient synthesis of orthogonally protected 1,2,3-substituted cyclopropane derivatives.
A Checklist for Assessing the Methodological Quality of Concurrent tES-fMRI Studies (ContES Checklist): A Consensus Study and Statement (2020)

Abstract Background Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including alternating or direct current stimulation (tACS or tDCS), applies weak electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of brain circuits. Integration of tES with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the mapping of neural activity during neuromodulation, supporting causal studies of both brain function and tES effects. Methodological aspects of tES-fMRI studies underpin the results, and reporting them in appropriate detail is required for reproducibility and interpretability. Despite the growing number of published reports, there are no consensus-based checklists for disclosing methodological details of concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Objective To develop a consensus-based checklist of reporting standards for concurrent tES-fMRI studies to support methodological rigor, transparency, and reproducibility (ContES Checklist). Methods A two-phase Delphi consensus process was conducted by a steering committee (SC) of 13 members and 49 expert panelists (EP) through the International Network of the tES-fMRI (INTF) Consortium. The process began with a circulation of a preliminary checklist of essential items and additional recommendations, developed by the SC based on a systematic review of 57 concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Contributors were then invited to suggest revisions or additions to the initial checklist. After the revision phase, contributors rated the importance of the 17 essential items and 42 additional recommendations in the final checklist. The state of methodological transparency within the 57 reviewed concurrent tES-fMRI studies was then assessed using the checklist. Results Experts refined the checklist through the revision and rating phases, leading to a checklist with three categories of essential items and additional recommendations: (1) technological factors, (2) safety and noise tests, and (3) methodological factors. The level of reporting of checklist items varied among the 57 concurrent tES-fMRI papers, ranging from 24% to 76%. On average, 53% of checklist items were reported in a given article. Conclusions Use of the ContES checklist is expected to enhance the methodological reporting quality of future concurrent tES-fMRI studies, and increase methodological transparency and reproducibility.
Fluid-modulated bipolar radiofrequency ablation: an ex-vivo evaluation study (2008)

Besides the modulation of the electrical conductivity, the increase in thermal conductivity also contributes to the enhancement of RFA by the injection of the tested fluids. Further studies are needed to evaluate this effect for larger injection volumes under in-vivo conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Nonprostanoid Prostacyclin (PGI2) Mimetics with Heterocyclic Moiety. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.