gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycolytic cancer associated fibroblasts promote breast cancer tumor growth, without a measurable increase in angiogenesis: Evidence for stromal-epithelial metabolic coupling (2010)

Previously, we proposed a new model for understanding the Warburg effect in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this model, the stromal fibroblasts would undergo aerobic glycolysis (a.k.a., the Warburg effect)--producing and secreting increased pyruvate/lactate that could then be used by adjacent epithelial cancer cells as "fuel" for the mitochondrial TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. To test this model more directly, here we used a matched set of metabolically well-characterized immortalized fibroblasts that differ in a single gene. CL3 fibroblasts show a shift towards oxidative metabolism, and have an increased mitochondrial mass. In contrast, CL4 fibroblasts show a shift towards aerobic glycolysis, and have a reduced mitochondrial mass. We validated these differences in CL3 and CL4 fibroblasts by performing an unbiased proteomics analysis, showing the functional upregulation of 4 glycolytic enzymes, namely ENO1, ALDOA, LDHA and TPI1, in CL4 fibroblasts. Many of the proteins that were upregulated in CL4 fibroblasts, as seen by unbiased proteomics, were also transcriptionally upregulated in the stroma of human breast cancers, especially in the patients that were prone to metastasis. Importantly, when CL4 fibroblasts were co-injected with human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in a xenograft model, tumor growth was dramatically enhanced. CL4 fibroblasts induced a > 4-fold increase in tumor mass, and a near 8-fold increase in tumor volume, without any measurable increases in tumor angiogenesis. In parallel, CL3 and CL4 fibroblasts both failed to form tumors when they were injected alone, without epithelial cancer cells. Mechanistically, under co-culture conditions, CL4 glycolytic fibroblasts increased mitochondrial activity in adjacent breast cancer cells (relative to CL3 cells), consistent with the "Reverse Warburg Effect". Notably, Western blot analysis of CL4 fibroblasts revealed a significant reduction in caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein levels. In human breast cancer patients, a loss of stromal Cav-1 is associated with an increased risk of early tumor recurrence, metastasis, tamoxifen-resistance, and poor clinical outcome. Thus, loss of stromal Cav-1 may be an effective marker for predicting the "Reverse Warburg Effect" in the stroma of human breast cancer patients. As such, CL4 fibroblasts are a new attractive model for mimicking the "glycolytic phenotype" of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nutrients derived from glycolytic cancer associated fibroblasts could provide an escape mechanism to confer drug-resistance during anti-angiogenic therapy, by effectively reducing the dependence of cancer cells on a vascular blood supply.
Automatic tuning of RC filters and fast automatic gain control for CMOS low-IF transceiver (2004)

Automatic tuning of RC filters and fast automatic gain control (AGC) of cascaded programmable amplifiers were proposed and verified by a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS prototype IC. The tuning circuit includes a dummy 1st-order filter, a comparator and a simple digital circuit and tunes /spl plusmn/28 % time-constant variation of filters within /spl plusmn/4.4 % accuracy. The AGC circuit adopts a novel feedforward technique with a digital timing control, which enables one-shot gain control and thus a fast settling.
Launch Operations (2011)

The launch site (LS) processing flow involves operations such as functional verification, pre-flight servicing, and launch. These operations often include hazards that must be controlled to protect human life and critical space hardware assets. Existing command and control capabilities are limited to simple limit checking during automated monitoring. Contingency actions are highly dependent on human recognition, decision-making, and execution. Many opportunities for improvements to system health management (SHM) exist throughout the processing flow. This chapter will present the current human-centered approach to health management as performed today for the Space Shuttle, Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV), and International Space Station (ISS) Programs. In addition, it will address some of the more critical SHM needs, and provide recommendations for future implementation of SHM at the launch site. Finally, it will give a brief overview of some of the current activities involving a generic architecture for integrated SHM.
Synthetic Studies on Echinulin and Related Natural Products. IV. : Isolation, Structure and Synthesis of Flavoglaucin-Auroglaucin Type Natural Products isolated from Aspergillus amstelodami (1977)

Five natural products, named E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, and E-5, were isolated from hexane extract of freeze-dried mycelium of Aspergillus amstelodami IFO-6667. E-4 and E-5 were found to be identical with flavoglaucin (1) and auroglaucin (2), respectively, from spectroscopic and melting point data. The structure of E-3 was elucidated as 3 mainly from analysis of spectroscopic data. The structure 3 had already been given to aspergin, but the melting point of E-3 did not agree with the reported melting point of aspergin. The structure of E-3 was confirmed by its total synthesis. The structure of E-1 and E-2 was determined as 8 and 13 by analysis of spectroscopic data. The structure 8 was confirmed by its total synthesis. One-step transformation of auroglaucin (2) into E-2 was achieved by heating 2 in dimethyl sulfoxide containing Triton-B.
Sporosalibacterium tautonense sp. nov., a thermotolerant, halophilic, hydrolytic bacterium isolated from a gold mine, and emended description of the genus Sporosalibacterium (2016)

A novel strictly anaerobic, thermotolerant, moderately halophilic, organotrophic bacterium, strain MRo-4T, was isolated from a sample of a microbial mat, developed under the flow of subsurface water in TauTona gold mine, South Africa. Cells of the novel isolate stained Gram-positive and were motile, spore-forming rods, 0.2-0.3 µm in width and 5-20 µm in length. Strain MRo-4T grew at 25-50 °C, at pH 7.0-8.8 and at an NaCl concentration of 5-100 g l-1. The isolate was able to ferment yeast extract, peptone and mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, including cellulose and chitin. Elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, fumarate and arsenate were not reduced. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 dimethyl acetyl and anteiso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the DNA was 32.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain MRo-4T and its nearest relatives showed its affiliation to the genus Sporosalibacterium. Sporosalibacteriumfaouarense SOL3f37T, the only valid published representative of the genus, appeared to be its closest relative (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). However, strains MRo-4T and S. faouarense SOL3f37T differed in temperature, pH and salinity ranges for growth, requirement for yeast extract and substrate profiles. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate, we propose a novel species, Sporosalibacterium tautonense sp. nov. The type strain is MRo-4T (=DSM 28179T=VKM B-2948T).
Identification of cardio‐metabolic protective myokines from Akt1‐mediated hypertrophic glycolytic muscles (2015)

Glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers are preferentially lost during aging and many cachectic states such as diabetes or cancer. We have previously constructed a murine model, where a constitutively‐active Akt1 transgene can be conditionally activated specifically in glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers. Induction of Akt1 transgene in skeletal muscles induced significant muscle hypertrophy and transcriptional reprogramming that mimics the effects of resistance exercise training. Employing this murine system in diet induced‐obesity, we have previously shown improvements on insulin sensitivity, fat mass and liver transcription profile. We therefore hypothesized that skeletal muscle growth improves diet‐induced metabolic syndromes via secretion of small peptides or cytokines, referred to as myokines. To identify novel myokines with beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects, we employed polyA(+) RNA sequencing for gastrocnemius muscles with or without Akt1 transgene activation from mice on normal chow and 15weeks of high fat diet (HFD). In silico analysis identified gene expression changes and networks altered in muscles metabolically challenged by HFD. We also identified an array of putative myokines that was dysregulated in HFD but restored by Akt1‐transgene activation induced muscle growth. Our data provides an extensive characterization of muscle transcriptome during diet‐induced obesity and contributes to better understanding of muscle‐organ crosstalk mediated by myokines.
First O-Glycosylation from Unprotected 1-Thioimidoyl Hexofuranosides Assisted by Divalent Cations (2007)

The preparation of O-hexofuranosides was accomplished from unprotected 1-thioimidoyl furanosides as donors. The present methodology was first used for the synthesis of octyl galactofuranoside and further extended to D-galactofuranose-containing disaccharides. Within this study, we emphasized the need for additional complexing cations to maintain the furanose ring in its initial size. After experimentation, calcium ion was first used concomitantly with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, the latter being able to activate the thioimidate and the former being likely to inhibit ring expansion. Moreover, an improvement was performed by using copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate which could then meet the requirements as both promoter and complexing agent.
510–515 nm InGaN-Based Green Laser Diodes onc-Plane GaN Substrate (2009)

We succeeded in developing InGaN-based green laser diodes (LDs) with a wavelength of 515 nm under continuous-wave (cw) operation by improving the growth condition of epitaxial layers and structures of LDs. The LD structures were grown on conventional c-plane free-standing GaN substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The threshold current and threshold voltage at 515 nm were 53 mA and 5.2 V, respectively. The lifetime of 510–513 nm LDs was estimated to be over 5000 h under cw operation with an optical output power of 5 mW at 25 °C.
Performance Analysis of Germanium Nanowire Tunneling Field Effect Transistors (2008)

Tunneling field effect transistors (FET), consisting of gate tunable p-i-n (p-type-intrinsic-n-type) device structures, represent an attractive and realistic paradigm that can potentially provide relief to the increasing power dissipation in high performance electronic applications. Such devices possess a subthreshold slope (SS) smaller than the thermally limited 60 mV/decade, but also can suffer from ambipolar device characteristics and an ON-state current significantly smaller than that of conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs. In this paper, we simulate the device performance of germanium p-i-n tunneling field effect transistors in the single (SG), double (DG), and nanowire gate-all-around (GAA) geometry. Two key conclusions can be drawn from the results presented here: (1) the ambipolar device characteristics can be completely suppressed by using a source and drain with different doping levels, and (2) the devices realized in the nanowire gate-all-around geometry possess an ON-state current significantly higher than their planar counterparts thanks to their superior electrostatic properties. The simulations were done using Sentaurus Device (copySynopsis), and using Hurkx's model for band-to-band tunneling.
Functionally associated molecular genetic markers for temperate pasture plant improvement. (2008)

The key components for implementation of functionally associated genetic markers in perennial ryegrass and white clover breeding have been established. They include: generation of substantial genomic sequence resources; methods for functional analysis and verification of candidate gene status, including transcriptomics and transgenesis; efficient methods for in silico and in vitro discovery and validation of gene-associated SNP loci; evaluation of intra- and inter-population diversity; estimation of SNP haplotype complexity and LD; development of robust protocols for phenotypic analysis of key agronomic traits; design and implementation of experiments for haplotype-phenotype correlation; and development of efficient strategies for gene-based marker deployment in existing germplasm improvement programmes. These processes are mature for perennial ryegrass, and despite the added complexities of genetic architecture in white clover, optimized methods for SNP discovery should be equally effective for the latter species. The strategies are also suitable for other agronomically important temperate forage species, such as the grasses Italian ryegrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and timothy (Phleum pratense), as well as the legumes red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lucerne (Medicago sativa).
L3 Fusion: Fast Transformed Convolutions on CPUs (2019)

Fast convolutions via transforms, either Winograd or FFT, had emerged as a preferred way of performing the computation of convolutional layers, as it greatly reduces the number of required operations. Recent work shows that, for many layer structures, a well--designed implementation of fast convolutions can greatly utilize modern CPUs, significantly reducing the compute time. However, the generous amount of shared L3 cache present on modern CPUs is often neglected, and the algorithms are optimized solely for the private L2 cache. In this paper we propose an efficient `L3 Fusion` algorithm that is specifically designed for CPUs with significant amount of shared L3 cache. Using the hierarchical roofline model, we show that in many cases, especially for layers with fewer channels, the `L3 fused` approach can greatly outperform standard 3 stage one provided by big vendors such as Intel. We validate our theoretical findings, by benchmarking our `L3 fused` implementation against publicly available state of the art.
2.5D/3D TSV processes development and assembly/packaging technology (2011)

Increasing demand for new and more advanced electronic products with a smaller form factor, superior functionality and performance with a lower overall cost has driven semiconductor industry to develop more innovative and emerging advanced packaging technologies. One of the hottest topics in the semiconductor industry today is a 3D packaging using Through Silicon Via (TSV) technology. Driven by the need for improved electrical performance or the reduction of timing delays, methods to use short vertical interconnects have been developed to replace the long interconnects found in 2D packaging. The industry is gearing up to move from technology path finding phase for TSV into commercialization phase, where economic realities will determine the technologies that can be adopted. Choosing the right process equipment and materials, combined with innovative design solutions addressing thermal and electrical issues will be the key success factors. The synergies and intersections among three parallel developing areas of packaging technology i.e. traditional die and package stacking on substrates, fan-in and fan-out wafer level packaging and 3D Si integration and the resulting future path for packaging technology is quite critical for future microelectronics packaging This paper addresses TSV middle-end process as well as TSV assembly/packaging process. Latest developments in the key elements of 3D Si integration, TSV MEOL (Mid-End of Line) process such as TSV revelation, CMP/planarization, wafer thinning, micro bumping and logical hand off points among Si and package foundries are presented. The status of "bridge" technologies such as interposers and TSV substrates as an interim play prior to full productization of the active Si TSV approach is reviewed with specific examples of configurations approaching volume production in real products. For TSV assembly/packaging, thin die handling, dicing and microbump bonding, underfill characterization will be discussed. TSV Packaging challenges and experimental results will be presented for CTC (Chip-to-Chip), CTW (Chip- to-Wafer) bonding with ultra fine pitch microbump interconnections in this paper.
Design of ultra-broadband loaded monopoles (2002)

The authors develop two approaches for the design of ultra-broadband loaded monopole antennas for spread-spectrum communication. The first of these, designated as the conventional design, utilizes several parallel L-C circuits that are initially placed along the monopole such that the effective electrical length of the antenna remains approximately one-quarter wavelength over the frequency range of interest. This method is based upon a two step procedure: (1) design a loaded antenna that meets the gain requirements; and, (2) devise its matching network to obtain the desired VSWR. The second method uses a genetic algorithm to design both the loaded monopole and the matching network simultaneously in an optimal manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Theory of thermomagnetic effects in the transition regime (1987)

A simple model is presented that describes the complex behavior of the magnetic field dependence of the thermal conductivity of a polyatomic gas as a function of the Knudsen number. The model treats the solid surface as one component of a gas mixture, and a first-order Chapman–Enskog solution is adequate to account for the thermomagnetic effects in single gases. The results provide an interpolation scheme between the continuum and Knudsen regimes, in the form of scaling rules in which the Knudsen number appears in the coefficients and arguments of the functions that describe the limiting cases. Good agreement is obtained with the available experimental data, and leads to the conclusion that different surface accommodation coefficients are needed for the translational and internal energies of the gas molecules. This conclusion is consistent with analysis of independent field-free conductivity data, and with independent vibrating-surface measurements.
Simplified Setup for High-Resolution Spectroscopy using Ultrashort Pulses (2003)

Using a broadband femtosecond laser and simple optics, we demonstrate narrow-bandwidth tunable selective vibrational excitation in liquids. The resolution obtained is 80 times higher than the laser bandwidth-the highest obtained from a femtosecond laser to date.
Modulation transfer function of a selenium-based digital mammography system (2005)

Digital mammography systems with detectors based on amorphous selenium exhibit outstanding spatial resolution characterized by the modulation transfer function (MTF). We measured the detector behavior of the Siemens Mammomat Novation/sup DR/spl reg// with 70/spl mu/m pixel pitch and compared the results to analytical evaluations based on Monte Carlo simulations. Experimentally, the MTF of the mammography system is obtained from the images of a lead bar pattern or an edge phantom using different X-ray spectra. The simulations take into account all relevant X-ray interactions in the selenium layer. The resulting line-spread function is transformed to the MTF. Even at the Nyquist frequency (i.e. 7.14 mm/sup -1/), the measured MTF is well above 40% and thus close to its theoretical limit. The MTF shows a few percentage points of low-frequency drop, which can be explained in part by the presence of scattered radiation. The simulations allow the features observed to be explained. The detector investigated provides excellent spatial resolution and appears well suited for high-end mammography.
Newly developed adoptive cell therapy using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cervical cancer (2021)

Objective: Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL-ACT) is a promising immunotherapy using autologous lymphocytes ex vivo expanded from patient's tumor. We are performing a phase I study for malignant melanoma and then perform a phase II study for recurrent cervical cancer as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TIL-ACT. Methods: Three patients with malignant melanoma received TIL-ACT. Tumor fragments were cultured in outgrowth medium to produce TIL. Then T cell populations with tumor reactivity were selected for rapid expansion, generating over 1,000-fold TILs within 2 weeks and finally reinfused into the patient who received preparative lymphodepleting. IL-2 regimens after cell transfer were conducted to promote TIL growth and antitumor activity. The primary endpoint was to define treatment feasibility as completion of TIL-ACT without early cessation due to unacceptable adverse events. The secondary endpoints were safety assessed using CTCAE v. 4.0, clinical response; objective response rate based on the RECIST v.1.1. Results: Three cases of TIL-ACT treated melanoma patients were successfully completed without unacceptable adverse events including one partial response, one stable disease and one progression disease case. Next, we manufactured a TIL products from specimens of three cervical cancer patient, and succeeded in producing TIL that meets the standards of TIL-ACT. Based on this result, TIL-ACT for cervical cancer was approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as advanced medical treatment.
The ICU environment (2009)

Abstract Chapter 25 discusses the ICU environment, including the purpose and structure of the ICU, its challenges, and the approach to critical care.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxazatwistanes and Their Homo‐ and Bishomo‐Analogues from Quinidine — Medium Ring Systems Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reduction of poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐coordinated ferriprotoporphyrin IX by N‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide in N,N‐dimethylformamide (1977)

Abstract The reduction of a ferriprotoporphyrin IX–pyridine or poly(4‐vinylpyridine) complex by N ‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide in N,N ‐dimethylformamide to yield a corresponding ferro complex was studied kinetically and thermodynamically by spectral measurements. The reduction was confirmed to proceed via the intermediate. The rate of the reduction of the ferric iron was faster in the poly(4‐vinylpyridine) complex than in the pyridine complex. This was caused by the adsorption of the reductant to the polymer ligand, causing the increase in the frequency factor of the reaction.
X-ray studies of polymer/gold nanocomposites (1999)

We demonstrate that x-ray reflection standing wave fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique for the determination of the distribution of metal nanoparticles inside polymer thin films. We investigate both the depth profile and the in-plane spatial correlation of gold nanoparticles in an asymmetric polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer film. These copolymer films self-assemble into alternating, nanometer-sized domains that are, upon annealing, selectively decorated by thermally evaporated metal nanoparticles to form metal/polymer composites.