gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine Pitch Stencil Printing of Liquid Metal Alloys (2017)

With high conductivity and stretchable for large cross-sections, liquid metals such as galinstan are promising for creating stretchable devices and interconnects. Creating high resolution features in parallel is challenging, with most techniques limited to a hundred micrometers or more. In this work, multilevel electroplated stencils are investigated for printing liquid metals, with galinstan features as small as ten micrometers printed on soft elastomers, a factor of 10 reduction over past liquid metal stencil printing. Capacitors and resistive strain sensors are also demonstrated, showing the potential for creating stretchable conductors and devices.
Metastatic pulmonary calcification: First report of pulmonary calcium suppression using dual-energy CT (2020)

Metastatic pulmonary calcification is an underdiagnosed metabolic lung disease characterized by diffuse calcium deposition in the lungs, often associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure. A 31-year-old man with chronic renal failure initially presented with diffuse pain symptoms, deterioration of general condition, and respiratory insufficiency. Noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest was performed using a spectral-detector-based dual-energy CT. It showed multiple, centrilobular, ground-glass opacities, and nodules, ultimately leading to the diagnosis. Calcium suppression proved to be highly useful to classify the pulmonary alterations.
BLOCKING OX40 COSTIMULATION OR MTOR IS REQUIRED TO PREVENT CD8+ MEDIATED REJECTION (2004)

O459* Aims: The objective of this study is to determine the activation requirements for CD8+ T cells in mediating allograft rejection. Methods: Fully MHC-mismatched skin transplantation was performed using DBA/2 (H-2d) and B6.CD4−/− knockout (H-2b, CD4KO) mice as donors and recipients. To evaluate the CD28, CD154 and CD134 costimulation pathways in supporting CD8+ mediated rejection, costimulatory blockade treatments were administered to recipients: CTLA-4Ig and MR1 (0.5 mg, days 0, 1, 3), and anti-CD134L blocking mAb (0.5 mg, days 0, 2, 6, 8). In some experiments, B6.CD28−/−/CD154−/− double knockout (CD28/CD154DKO) mice were used as hosts. To determine the role mTOR in CD8+ mediated rejection, rapamycin (3mg/kg, days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14), was used to block mTOR-dependent growth factor signaling. To quantitatively analyze the role of costimulation and growth factors in promoting CD8+ T cells activation in response to alloantigen stimulation, CFSE-labeled donor C57BL/6 T cells were adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated allogeneic DBA/2 hosts. In vivo proliferation of donor CD8+ T cells in the host mice was analyzed by flow cytometry 3 days later. Results: CD4KO mice in which rejection is mediated solely by CD8+ T cells promptly rejected the skin allograft with a MST of 12 days. Treatment with CTLA-4Ig/MR1, anti-CD134L or anti-CD134L/MR1 failed to prevent skin allograft rejection (MST<24 days). In stark contrast, transient blockade of CD28/CD154/CD134 costimulatory pathways induced long-term skin allograft survival in CD4KO recipients (MST>98 days). Treatment of CD4KO recipients with rapamycin completely prevented skin allograft rejection (MST>120 days). Rapamycin also induced long-term allograft survival in CD28/CD154DKO mice (MST>120), as compared with untreated CD28/CD154DKO or rapamycin treated wild-type recipients (MST<16 days). CFSE-labeled CD8+ T cells proliferated vigorously in untreated hosts, and treatment of host mice with rapamycin markedly inhibited in vivo proliferation of CD8+ T cells. CFSE-labeled CD8+ T cells from CD28/CD154DKO mice proliferated strongly in untreated hosts, while CD8+ T cells expanded poorly in anti-CD134L treated host mice. Conclusions: Our data suggest that in contrast to the common belief that CD8+ T cells are resistant to costimulatory blockade, activation of CD8+ T cells requires the engagement of costimulatory pathways, and concurrent CD28/CD154/CD134 costimulatory blockade is essential to prevent CD8+ mediated rejection. Activation of a subset of CD8+ T cells is clearly dependent on CD134 costimulation. Similarly, CD8+ mediated rejection requires mTOR signaling. Interestingly, when both CD28/CD154 costimulatory signals and growth factor signaling are blocked, skin allograft rejection can be prevented, even in the presence of CD4+ T cells.
Estimating the Risk of Drug-Induced Proarrhythmia Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes (2011)

Improved in vitro systems for predicting drug-induced toxicity are needed in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to decrease late-stage drug attrition. One unmet need is an early screen for cardiotoxicity, which accounts for about one third of safety-based withdrawn pharmaceuticals. Herein, the first published report of a high-throughput functional assay employing a monolayer of beating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is described, detailing a model that accurately detects drug-induced cardiac abnormalities. Using 96-well plates with interdigitated electrode arrays that assess impedance, the rhythmic, synchronous contractions of the iPSC-CMs were detected. Treatment of the iPSC-CMs with 28 different compounds with known cardiac effects resulted in compound-specific changes in the beat rate and/or the amplitude of the impedance measurement. Changes in impedance for the compounds tested were comparable with the results from a related technology, electric field potential assessment obtained from microelectrode arrays. Using the results from the set of compounds, an index of drug-induced arrhythmias was calculated, enabling the determination of a drug's proarrhythmic potential. This system of interrogating human cardiac function in vitro opens new opportunities for predicting cardiac toxicity and studying cardiac biology.
Bimetallic Catalyst Particle Nanostructure. Evolution from Molecular Cluster Precursors (1996)

A set of supported bimetallic catalysts, designated [Re7Ir−N], [Re7Ir−P], [Re5IrRe2−N], and [Re5IrRe2−P], has been prepared from two structural isomers (1 and 2) of the cluster compound [Z]2[Re7IrC(CO)23] (Z+ = NEt4+, N(PPh3)2+) by deposition onto high surface area alumina (≤1% Re) and activation in H2 at 773 K. The specific activities of the catalysts for ethane hydrogenolysis at 500 K vary significantly (3−63 mmol of CH4/mol of Re7Ir per s) and depend on both the metal framework structure and the counterion present in the precursor. Interpretation of EXAFS data (from both Re and Ir L3-edges) has enabled the development of specific models for the catalyst particle nanostructures that correlate with the catalytic activities. The more active catalysts ([Re7Ir−N] and [Re5IrRe2−N]) are modeled by a hemisphere of close-packed (hcp) metal atoms (average diameter 1 nm) with Ir at the core. On the other hand, the less active catalysts ([Re7Ir−P] and [Re5IrRe2−P]) are better described as two-dimensional layer structures. A combination of techniques, TPDE, IR, XANES, and EXAFS, applied under temperature-programmed conditions, has demonstrated that evolution of the final catalyst particle nanostructure depends on significant initial fragmentation of the cluster framework followed by preferential nucleation at iridium centers.
Extension of Mathematical Models Taking Temperature Variation in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors into Consideration (2016)

We have developed novel mathematical models of d-axis and q-axis magnetic fluxes ϕd and ϕq for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The models can be used to approximate magnetic characteristics using simple fractional equations with id and iq as variables. They include eight constants, and some of them represent the degree of magnetic saturation and cross-coupling. However, the magnetic characteristics are varied with the temperature rise in PMSMs, which are dependent on the load torque and motor speed. In this paper, the characteristics of the eight constants that vary with the motor temperature and the residual flux density Br are shown. Further, we propose to extend the mathematical models by considering the temperature and Br variation.
Analysis of the dynamic behaviour of magnetic gear with nonlinear modelling for large wind turbines (2016)

International audience
New Light Modulator Using GaSe Layered Crystal (1990)

Layered crystals of GaSe are grown by the Bridgman method. Transmission spectra are measured for various sample configurations with respect to the c-axis, applied electric field, direction of incident light and polarization. Absorption edge shifts toward longer wavelength by 20 nm under an electric field of 1 kV/cm, the shift of which is two orders larger than estimated on the Franz-Keldysh mechanism. Switching time is measured to be 53 ns or less.
Micropore structure of zeolite MCM-22 as determined by the decane catalytic test reaction (1994)

According to the decane catalytic test reaction, the pore architecture of zeolite MCM-22, with unknown topology, contains two micropore systems circumscribed by 10- and 12-rings; the 12-ring channel system is monodimensional and has no connections with the 10-ring pores, where the strongest acid sites are located.
Demonstration of Diffraction-free Incoherent Space-time Fields Propagating 110 Meters (2020)

We investigate the properties of an incoherent spatio-temporally structured field including its propagation-invariant nature and the effect of the aperture for extended propagation distances.
ChemInform Abstract: Chymase: Its Pathophysiological Roles and Inhibitors (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fe(iii) phytate metallogel as a prototype anhydrous, intermediate temperature proton conductor (2014)

A proton conducting metallogel [FNPA; ferric nitrate (FN)-phytic acid (PA)] is synthesized by immobilizing a protogenic ligand (phytic acid) using iron(iii) nitrate in DMF. The xerogel shows high proton conductivity of 2.4 × 10<sup>-2</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at 120 °C, the best value known among all metal organic materials (MOMs). Marking the first such attempt in MOMs, an electrode made using the xerogel showed a power density of 0.94 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> at 0.6 V under dry fuel cell conditions.
Subpicosecond Ring Opening of 7-Dehydrocholesterol Studied by Ultrafast Spectroscopy (1999)

The photoinitiated electrocyclic ring opening of 7-dehydrocholesterol (DHC) to form previtamin D3 was studied in methanol solution with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The molecules were excited at 265 nm and probed at 20 wavelengths ranging from 261 to 650 nm. A sizable absorption signal decaying on a 0.95 ± 0.10 ps time scale was seen at all probe wavelengths from 470 to 650 nm. This absorption is assigned to an S1 → Sn transition that peaks near 470 nm. Thus, the S1 state has a lifetime of 0.95 ps, while the initially prepared S2 state has a lifetime ≤ 0.1 ps. Data obtained with probe wavelengths in the ultraviolet yielded a subpicosecond (0.4−1.0 ps) component corresponding to the lifetime of the S1 state. This data set also exhibits a 1−5 ps wavelength-dependent component assigned to vibrational cooling, and a 100 ± 20 ps component assigned to rotational isomerization of the photoproduct to achieve a thermal distribution of rotamers. No further dynamics are seen for time delays of up to 1 ns. Agreement between the static difference spectrum and the absorption difference observed in the kinetic data at 300 ps indicates that there are no significant longer-time dynamics.
Effects of Microstructure on High-Temperature Strength of TiC-Added Mo-Si-B Alloys (2015)

To evaluate the effects of microstructure on the high-temperature strength of TiC-added Mo-Si-B (MoSiBTiC) alloys, high-temperature compressive behavior was investigated for Mo-5.0Si-10.0B-7.5TiC (70Mo) and Mo-5.0Si-10.0B-10.0TiC (65Mo) (at%) alloys produced by arc-melting and tilt-casting. The cast ingots were heat-treated at 1800℃ for 24 h. In the stress-strain curves, the flow stress of both the alloys reached a compressive peak stress immediately after yielding and then gradually decreased with increasing strain. The flow-stress deterioration was relatively smaller for 70Mo than for 65Mo over the test temperature range. The strain-rate sensitivity of the peak stress was very small, and slightly increased with temperature from 0.05 at 1300℃ to 0.17 at 1500℃ for 70Mo and from 0.08 at 1300℃ to 0.19 at 1600℃ for 65Mo. From microstructure observations, the followings were found: i) there was no cracking in Mo solid solution and (Mo, Ti)2C phases (suggesting good deformability) through all the test conditions, ii) at and below 1400℃, (Ti, Mo)C phase fractured in a large strain region at all the examined strain-rates, and iii) T2 phase severely cracked even at a small strain depending on temperature and strain-rate. Such differences in the deformation properties of the constituent phases would control the high-temperature mechanical performance of the MoSiBTiC alloys.
A Unified Scheme to Achieve the Degrees-of-Freedom Region of the MIMO Interference Channel With Delayed Channel State Information (2016)

In interference channels (ICs), channel state information (CSI) can be utilized to design transmit signals that are optimally adapted to the state of the channels. This requires feeding CSI back to the transmitters. The CSI available at the transmitters (CSIT) is usually degraded, due to the limited capacity of the feedback link and the delays involved in the channel estimation and feedback. We discuss the scenario of fast fading and delayed CSIT, which is highly relevant in mobile environments with short channel coherence times. We consider the two-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) IC where the transmitters are provided with delayed CSIT. The DoF region for this channel was characterized by Vaze and Varanasi. We devise a simple and intuitive achievable scheme, which has a unified structure for different antenna configurations. We show that the proposed scheme also achieves the DoF region of the two-user MIMO broadcast channel (BC). In the IC, our scheme does not require the knowledge of direct channels at the transmitters. Moreover, we show that the amount of feedback can be further reduced by exploiting the invariances of the problem. Our approach can be helpful when analyzing more complicated networks.
Nanoporous Elements in Microfluidics for Multiscale Manipulation of Bioparticles (2011)

Author Manuscript 2011 July 22
Precursor inter-symbol interference removal by block transmission-based time-reversed equalization (2013)

Single-carrier transmission is considered in the general finite impulse response inter-symbol interference (ISI) channel. In an ISI channel with a matched filter, the folded spectrum of the received pulse can be factored into a minimum phase causal part and a maximum phase anticausal part corresponding to the postcursor and precursor ISI, respectively. In this paper, zero-forcing ISI cancellation is considered. In a direct implementation, the precursor equalization is carried out based on truncating and delaying the ideal anticausal precursor equalizer impulse response. In the proposed scheme, a block transmission is adopted, and the precursor equalization is carried out by a time reversal within each block and using a practical minimum phase filter. We show that the ISI can be removed perfectly using the proposed scheme. By means of a numerical example, it is shown that the proposed scheme achieves improved performance compared to the truncate- and delay-based equalizer in terms of transmission rate, delay, and implementation complexity.
On the Bright Side of Darkness: Side-Channel Based Authentication Protocol Against Relay Attacks (2019)

Relay attacks are nowadays well known and most designers of secure authentication protocols are aware of them. At present, the main methods to prevent these attacks are based on the so-called distance bounding technique which consists in measuring the round-trip time of the exchanged authentication messages between the prover and the verifier to estimate an upper bound on the distance between these entities. Based on this bound, the verifier checks if the prover is sufficiently close by to rule out an unauthorized entity. Recently, a new work has proposed an authentication protocol that surprisingly uses the side-channel leakage to prevent relay attacks. In this paper, we exhibit some practical and security issues of this protocol and provide a new one that fixes all of them. Then, we argue the resistance of our proposal against both side-channel and relay attacks under some realistic assumptions. Our experimental results show the efficiency of our protocol in terms of false acceptance and false rejection rates.
Enhancing hyperspectral EELS analysis of complex plasmonic nanostructures with pan-sharpening (2021)

Nanoscale hyperspectral techniques-such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)-are critical to understand the optical response in plasmonic nanostructures, but as systems become increasingly complex, the required sampling density and acquisition times become prohibitive for instrumental and specimen stability. As a result, there has been a recent push for new experimental methodologies that can provide comprehensive information about a complex system, while significantly reducing the duration of the experiment. Here, we present a pan-sharpening approach to hyperspectral EELS analysis, where we acquire two datasets from the same region (one with high spatial resolution and one with high spectral fidelity) and combine them to achieve a single dataset with the beneficial properties of both. This work outlines a straightforward, reproducible pathway to reduced experiment times and higher signal-to-noise ratios, while retaining the relevant physical parameters of the plasmonic response, and is generally applicable to a wide range of spectroscopy modalities.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Inhibits Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Reduces In Vivo Pathogenicity (2012)

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Candida albicans exhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained in the daughter cells. C. albicans was exposed to sublethal APDI by using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer (0.05 mM) combined with a GaAlAs diode laser (λ 660 nm, 75 mW/cm(2), 9 to 27 J/cm(2)). In vitro, we evaluated APDI effects on C. albicans growth, germ tube formation, sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stress, cell wall integrity, and fluconazole susceptibility. In vivo, we evaluated C. albicans pathogenicity with a mouse model of systemic infection. Animal survival was evaluated daily. Sublethal MB-mediated APDI reduced the growth rate and the ability of C. albicans to form germ tubes compared to untreated cells (P < 0.05). Survival of mice systemically infected with C. albicans pretreated with APDI was significantly increased compared to mice infected with untreated yeast (P < 0.05). APDI increased C. albicans sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, caffeine, and hydrogen peroxide. The MIC for fluconazole for C. albicans was also reduced following sublethal MB-mediated APDI. However, none of those pathogenic parameters was altered in daughter cells of C. albicans submitted to APDI. These data suggest that APDI may inhibit virulence factors and reduce in vivo pathogenicity of C. albicans. The absence of alterations in daughter cells indicates that APDI effects are transitory. The MIC reduction for fluconazole following APDI suggests that this antifungal could be combined with APDI to treat C. albicans infections.
Determination and Comparison of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Perfectly Premixed Flame in Both Single and Annular Combustion Chambers (2008)

In this paper we apply a new method to obtain the dynamical characteristics of premixed flames in acoustically complex systems like an annular combustor. For this a novel model based reduction method was applied which describes the acoustic field as a superposition of a discrete number of eigenmodes. The measured dynamic signals are decomposed into modal components which are then used to fit the model parameters. With this approach the complete characterisation of the annular test rig requires significantly less experimental effort, i.e. simultaneous pressure measurements, than before. After describing the new procedure, we show the validation of the acoustical model. Using this model, we were able to obtain the characteristics of the flame in the annular combustor with a much smaller number of pressure sensors as the model provides physical constraints that would otherwise have to be measured. The comparison of the characteristic flame parameters between the single burner and the annular combustor configurations for the same operating conditions shows that in the annular combustor slightly longer convective time delays are found which are consistent with the static flame characterisation showing longer flames in the annular combustor than in the single burner test rig.
Yield aware design of gate layer for 45 nm CMOS-ASIC using a high-NA dry KrF systems (2008)

If the minimum die area is the main objective of an ASIC application, then each critical layer will have bi-directional mask layout. Then advanced litho technology is required to print the layers with single exposure lithography. If however yield, electrical robustness and variability have higher priority than minimum die area, than unidirectional patterning can be a good alternative. However, then the bi-directional layout of, especially the active area- and gate-layer, must be redesigned in an unidirectional layout (at the expense of a larger cell-area). Moreover, if a design split in two orthogonal unidirectional layouts can be made then the so-called cut-mask technology can be used: this is a (well-known) double patterning technology. This paper discusses three different cut-mask compatible redesigns of the gate-layer of a complex flip-flop cell, to be used in robust, low-cost low-power CMOS-logic applications with 45 nm ground rules and 180 nm device pitches. The analogue circuit simulator from Cadence has been used. The results obtained with ASML's lithography simulator, "Litho Cruiser", show that cut-mask patterning gives superior CD- and end-of-line control and enables Design Rules with less Gate-Overlap. This again gives the circuit-designer more design freedom for choosing the transistor width. Furthermore, the cut-mask compatible layouts can even be processed with high-NA dry KrFlithography instead of advanced single exposure ArFi lithography. The designs are compared with a reference design which is a traditional minimum area design with bi-directional layout.
DWDM/SCM self-healing architecture for broadband wireless local area networks (2003)

Summary form only given. Broadband wireless LAN with DWDM technology is a new optical wireless distribution network, which offers an excellent solution for enterprise, public and small office home office (SOHO) LANs. As reliability is a critical concern for future BWLAN, in this study we design a two-level self-healing architecture for BWLAN. This architecture offers a good QoS, high reliability, flexibility and scalability.