gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved characteristics of InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes grown on laterally epitaxially overgrown GaN on sapphire (2000)

InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes have been fabricated on fully coalesced laterally epitaxially overgrown (LEO) GaN on sapphire. The laterally overgrown “wing” regions as well as the coalescence fronts contained few or no threading dislocations. Laser diodes fabricated on these low-dislocation-density regions showed a reduction in threshold current density from 10 to 4.8 kA/cm2 compared to those on conventional planar GaN on sapphire. The internal quantum efficiency also improved from 3% for laser diodes on conventional GaN on sapphire to 22% for laser diodes on LEO GaN on sapphire.
GaN laser diodes for quantum sensors and optical atomic clocks (2020)

Quantum technologies containing key GaN laser components will enable a new generation of high precision quantum sensors, optical atomic clocks and secure communication systems for many applications such as next generation navigation, gravity mapping and timing since the AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a wide range of wavelengths from the u.v. to the visible. We report our latest results on a range of AlGaInN diode-lasers targeted to meet the linewidth, wavelength and power requirements suitable for optical clocks and cold-atom interferometry systems. This includes the [5s<sup>2</sup>S<sub>1/2</sub>-5p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>] cooling transition in strontium+ ion optical clocks at 422 nm, the [5s<sub>2</sub> <sup>1</sup>S<sub>0</sub>-5p<sup>1</sup>P<sub>1</sub>] cooling transition in neutral strontium clocks at 461 nm and the [5s<sup>2</sup>s<sub>1/2</sub> – 6p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>] transition in rubidium at 420 nm. Several approaches are taken to achieve the required linewidth, wavelength and power, including an extended cavity laser diode (ECLD) system and an on-chip grating, distributed feedback (DFB) GaN laser diode.
Rational approaches to immune regulation (1998)

Our studies are mainly focused on developing strategies of immune regulation. In the case of infectious and neoplastic disease, our approach is to upregulate cell-mediated immunity to viral of tumor antigens using an intracellular bacterium as a vector for targeting these antigens to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II pathways of antigen processing, in addition to exploiting the adjuvant properties of the vector to stimulate innate immunity. In the area of autoimmunity, we are attempting to downregulate the immune response by specific immune intervention directed against autoreactive T cells. In these studies we use murine models for multiple sclerosis. Our approach is to use both rationally designed T cell receptor (TCR) peptide analogs and recombinant viral vectors that express TCR components to regulate the disease.
LAG: Lazily Aggregated Gradient for Communication-Efficient Distributed\n Learning (2018)

This paper presents a new class of gradient methods for distributed machine\nlearning that adaptively skip the gradient calculations to learn with reduced\ncommunication and computation. Simple rules are designed to detect\nslowly-varying gradients and, therefore, trigger the reuse of outdated\ngradients. The resultant gradient-based algorithms are termed Lazily Aggregated\nGradient --- justifying our acronym LAG used henceforth. Theoretically, the\nmerits of this contribution are: i) the convergence rate is the same as batch\ngradient descent in strongly-convex, convex, and nonconvex smooth cases; and,\nii) if the distributed datasets are heterogeneous (quantified by certain\nmeasurable constants), the communication rounds needed to achieve a targeted\naccuracy are reduced thanks to the adaptive reuse of lagged gradients.\nNumerical experiments on both synthetic and real data corroborate a significant\ncommunication reduction compared to alternatives.\n
A Limitation of Channel Length in Dynamic Memories (1980)

Effects of the channel length on the memory retention characteristics of MOS dynamic RAM (dRAM) cell are studied experimentally by evaluating three different n/sup +/ polysilicon-gate n-channel samples which contain six different channel lengths. A marked decrease of the memory holding time, which results from the subthreshold current, has been observed with decreasing channel length, gate oxide thickness, and substrate doping density in these n-channel samples with n/sup +/ polysilicon gate. In an n-channel structure with p/sup +/ polysilicon gate, the surface potential of the channel increases thus suppressing the surface subthreshold current particularly in a device having a thin oxide layer. A p/sup +/ poly-silicon-gate n-channel dRAM cell having an effective channel length of 0.5 µm has been observed to hold its charge up to 96 s at room temperature for the substrate bias of -4 V, while the n/sup +/ polysilicon-gate n-channel dRAM cell having the same structure exhibits a memory holding time of 6 ms at the same substrate bias voltage. This paper introduces a new dynamic RAM cell, i.e., the p/sup +/ poly-silicon-gate n-channel cell having a buried p+ region along the channel and the storage region. This new device having an effective channel length of 0.2 µm has been demonstrated theoretically to show satisfactory retention characteristics. In this very-short-channel structure, the MOS transistor behaves as a MOSSIT. In addition, it has been demonstrated theoretically that the new dynamic RAM cell has the capability of reducing soft errors due to alpha-particle irradiation.
Desmoplasia and oncogene driven acinar-to-ductal metaplasia are concurrent events during acinar cell-derived pancreatic cancer initiation in young adult mice (2019)

The five-year survival rate of patients diagnosed with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained static at <5% despite decades of research. With the exception of erlotinib, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the benefit of any targeted therapy for PDAC despite promising results in preclinical animal studies. The development of more refined mouse models of PDAC which recapitulate the carcinogenic progression from non-neoplastic, adult exocrine subsets of pancreatic cells to invasive carcinoma in humans are needed to facilitate the accurate translation of therapies to the clinic. To study acinar cell-derived PDAC initiation, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC, called KPT, utilizing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase/estrogen receptor (ESR1) fusion protein knocked into the Ptf1a locus to activate the expression of oncogenic KrasG12D and Trp53R270H alleles in mature pancreatic acinar cells. Oncogene-expressing acinar cells underwent acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, and formed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions following the induction of oncogene expression. After a defined latency period, oncogene-expressing acinar cells initiated the formation of highly differentiated and fibrotic tumors, which metastasized to the lungs and liver. Whole-transcriptome analysis of microdissected regions of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and histological validation experiments demonstrated that regions of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia are characterized by the deposition of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan. These results indicate that acinar cells expressing KrasG12D and Trp53R270H can initiate PDAC development in young adult mice and implicate hyaluronan deposition in the formation of the earliest characterized PDAC precursor lesions (and the progression of pancreatic cancer). Further studies are necessary to provide a comprehensive characterization of PDAC progression and treatment response in KPT mice and to investigate whether the KPT model could be used as a tool to study translational aspects of acinar cell-derived PDAC tumorigenesis.
Mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 inhibits protective neutrophil recruitment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling axis (2020)

Abstract Pathogenic mycobacteria actively dysregulate protective host immune signalling pathways during infection to drive the formation of permissive granuloma microenvironments. Dynamic regulation of host microRNA (miRNA) expression is a conserved feature of mycobacterial infections across host-pathogen pairings. Here we examine the role of miR-206 in the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection, which allows investigation of the early stages of granuloma formation. We find miR-206 is upregulated following infection by pathogenic M. marinum and that antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-206 is protective against infection. We observed striking upregulation of cxcl12a and cxcr4b in infected miR-206 knockdown zebrafish embryos and live imaging revealed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection. We used Crispr/Cas9-mediated knockdown of cxcl12a and cxcr4b expression and AMD3100 inhibition of Cxcr4 to show that the enhanced neutrophil response and reduced bacterial burden caused by miR-206 knockdown was dependent on the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling axis. Together, our data illustrate a pathway through which pathogenic mycobacteria induce host miR-206 expression to suppress Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling and prevent protective neutrophil recruitment to granulomas. Author summary Mycobacterial infections cause significant disease burden to humans and animals, the most widely known example being tuberculosis which has killed more humans than any other infectious disease throughout history. Infectious mycobacteria are highly evolved to hijack host processes, including the very immune cells tasked with destroying them. microRNAs are host molecules that control wide-ranging programs of host gene expression and are important in the immune response to infections. Here we use the zebrafish model of mycobacterial infection to determine the role of the infection-induced microRNA miR-206 in the host response to infection. We found pathogenic mycobacteria trigger the host to produce more miR-206 in order to suppress the otherwise protective recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection via the host Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling pathway. Our study provides new insight into the role of mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 function in the context of a whole host.
3D editing tools for stereo images (2011)

With the advent of 3DTVs and consumer 3D cameras on cell phones, stereo 3D images and videos are set to become ubiquitous in the near future. However, at present, 2D image editing software applications do not provide for 3D editing and overlay features. In this paper, we discuss various automatic as well as user assisted 3D editing tools for stereo images. Our main aims are to:
Results of Auto/Steel Partnership (A/SP) Steel Tube Hydroforming Materials and Lubricants Experimental Projects (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Over the past twelve years the Auto/Steel Partnership (A/SP) Tube Hydroforming Materials and Lubricants Team has been conducting projects to aid the implementation of tubular hydroforming in automotive applications. The approach taken has been to initially gain a basic understanding of the hydroforming process and potential issues and to then extend learning to real world applications of increasing complexity.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The experimental project investigations have encompassed various steel grades with a recent focus on advanced high strength steel (AHSS) and tailor welded tubes (TWTs) in free expansion and corner fill processes using several types of lubricants.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Project plans are developed based on identified knowledge gaps, barriers to implementation and technology needs as follows: &lt;ul class="list disc"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Effects of forming operations prior to hydroforming including tube making, pre-bending and pre-forming.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Forming limits (e.g. forming limit diagrams (FLDs)) and other failure criterion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experience with AHSS in hydroforming applications is limited.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Attitude is conservative toward new materials and envelope-pushing applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Need to demonstrate the benefits of tube hydroforming through projects focused on real world applications&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Limited computer modeling knowledge and lack of validated tools for automotive design process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will review a few of the projects that have been conducted by the A/SP Hydroforming Materials and Lubricants Team as well as present results and major findings of these projects. The entire database of experimental results and learning is available for use by other researchers to support implementation of steel tube hydroform automotive solutions and for validation of computer models through A/SP (&lt;a href="www.a-sp.org" target="_blank"&gt;www.a-sp.org&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
Bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (1) as a coupling reagent for N-alkyl amino acids (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (1) as a coupling reagent for N-alkyl amino acidsRoger D. Tung and Daniel H. RichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 14, 4342–4343Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00300a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00300a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1084Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relationships among genes and gene products of bacteriophage BF23 (1988)

Twenty-five gene products of bacteriophage BF23 were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their functions were studied in relation to type I and II genes classified by means of genetic complementation tests. All the type I mutants were defective in the synthesis of a tail protein, L3. In addition, 4 type I gene products, L5 (gp21), L7 (gp20), L8 (gp29), and L9 (gp25), were identified as constituents of tails (gp21 denotes that a protein is a product of gene 21). Three type IIb mutants in genes 10, 14, and 19 diminished substantially the production of late proteins, including tail and head proteins, and the two other type IIb mutants in genes 1 and 2 were defective in the synthesis of both early and late proteins. Of 14 type IIa mutants, at least 6 were defective in phage DNA synthesis and 2 were defective in the synthesis of head proteins. The defect in the head donor activities of type IIa mutants in extract complementation tests was due to the failure of the formation of mature heads containing DNA. The above results support directly the results of the genetic characterization of BF23 genes.
Basal-Rate Intravenous Insulin Infusion Compared to Conventional Insulin Treatment in Patients With Type II Diabetes: A Prospective Crossover Trial (1989)

We compared continuous basal-rate intravenous insulin infusion, delivered by means of a totally implantable pump, to two types of conventional insulin administration in patients with type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in a prospective crossover trial. Ten patients entered the study, and 5 completed all three 8-mo study periods. When results from the infusion study period were compared with results from the period involving single daily injections of ultralente insulin, significant improvements were noted in the pump arm in glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations (which were nearly normal), M-component values, mean daily outpatient fasting blood glucose concentrations, mean fasting and 24-h blood glucose concentrations during an inpatient 24-h glycemic profile, and urinary glucose concentrations. When the pump arm was compared to a period of single daily injections of lente insulin, three of six monthly mean fasting blood glucose concentrations and overall means for the entire study period were significantly lower during the pump arm than during the lente arm; in addition, significantly fewer hypoglycemic reactions were noted during infusion therapy than during lente therapy. Finally, mealtime free-insulin and C-peptide excursions appeared to be greater during infusion treatment when compared with lente or ultralente treatment. In the 50% of patients who completed the study, it appeared that significant improvements in glycemic control could be achieved by simple basal-rate intravenous insulin infusion compared with conventional treatment with single daily injections of ultralente or lente insulin without an increased incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Coordination Chemistry (2013)

Abstract Review: 123 refs.
Abstract A32: The SUV39H1-H3K9me3 pathway represses cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector expression to confer colon carcinoma immune escape (2020)

Abstract Despite the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment, the majority of immunogenic human colon cancers do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy and microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors are not naturally eliminated. The molecular mechanism underlying the inactivity of tumor-infiltrating CTLs is unknown. We report here that CTLs are present in both MSI and microsatellite stable (MSS) colon tumors. The expression of the H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 is significantly elevated in human colon carcinoma as compared to normal colon tissues. Using a mouse colon carcinoma model, we further determined that tumor-infiltrating CTLs in the colon tumor microenvironment express high levels of SUV39H1. To target SUV39H1 in the tumor microenvironment, a virtual chemical library was screened based on the SET domain structure of human SUV39H1 protein. Functional enzymatic activity assays identified a small molecule that inhibits SUV39H1 enzymatic activity. Based on the structure of this small molecule, we modified it and chemically synthesized a novel small molecule, termed F5446, which has an EC50 of 0.496 μM for SUV39H1 enzymatic activity. H3K9me3 is enriched in the promoters of GZMB, PRF1, FASLG and IFNG in quiescent T cells. F5446 inhibits H3K9me3, thereby upregulating expression of these effectors in tumor-infiltrating CTLs and suppressing colon carcinoma growth in a CD8+ CTL-dependent manner in vivo. Our data indicate that SUV39H1 represses CTL effector expression and, in doing so, confers colon cancer immune escape. Citation Format: Chunwan Lu, Dafeng Yang, John D. Klement, II Kyu Oh, Natasha M. Savage, Jennifer L. Waller, Aaron H. Colby, Mark W. Grinstaff, Nicholas H. Oberlies, Cedric Pearce, Zhiliang Xie, Samuel Kulp, Christopher Coss, Mitch A. Phelps, Thomas Albers, Iryna O. Lebedyeva, Kebin Liu. The SUV39H1-H3K9me3 pathway represses cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector expression to confer colon carcinoma immune escape [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Evaluation of [125I]IPOS as a molecular imaging probe for hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1‐active regions in a tumor: Comparison among single‐photon emission computed tomography/X‐ray computed tomography imaging, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry (2011)

To image hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-active tumors, we previously developed a chimeric protein probe ([(123/125) I]IPOS) that is degraded in the same manner as HIF-1α under normoxic conditions. In the present study, we aim to show that the accumulation of radioiodinated POS reflects the expression of HIF-1. In vivo single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray CT (CT) imaging, autoradiography, and double-fluorescent immunostaining for HIF-1α and pimonidazole (PIMO) were carried out 24 h after the injection of [(125) I]IPOS. Tumor metabolite analysis was also carried out. A tumor was clearly visualized by multi-pinhole, high-resolution SPECT/CT imaging with [(125) I]IPOS. The obtained images were in accordance with the corresponding autoradiograms and with the results of ex vivo biodistribution. A metabolite analysis revealed that 77% of the radioactivity was eluted in the macromolecular fraction, suggesting that the radioactivity mainly existed as [(125) I]IPOS in the tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the HIF-1α-positive areas and PIMO-positive areas were not always identical, only some of the regions were positive for both markers. The areas showing [(125) I]IPOS accumulation were positively and significantly correlated with the HIF-1α-positive areas (R = 0.75, P < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient between [(125) I]IPOS-accumulated areas and HIF-1α-positive areas was significantly greater than that between the [(125) I]IPOS-accumulated areas and the PIMO-positive areas (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that [(125) I]IPOS accumulation reflects HIF-1 expression. Thus, [(123/125) I]IPOS can serve as a useful probe for the molecular imaging of HIF-1-active tumors.
Continuous and discrete wavelet transforms based analysis of weather data of North Western Region of Saudi Arabia (2010)

The present study utilizes daily mean time series of meteorological parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and wind speed) and daily totals of rainfall data to understand the changes in these parameters during 17 years period i.e. 1990 to 2006. The analysis of the above data is made using continuous and discrete wavelet transforms because it provides a time‐frequency representation of an analyzed signal in the time domain. Moreover, in the recent years, wavelet methods have become useful and powerful tools for analysis of the variations, periodicities, trends in time series in general and meteorological parameters in particular. In present study, both continues and discrete wavelet transforms were used and found to be capable of showing the increasing or decreasing trends of the meterorological parameters with. The seasonal variability was also very well represented by the wavelet analysis used in this study. High levels of compressions were obtained retaining the originality of the signals.