gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative biomarkers of stem cell differentiation based on intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence (2007)

We present the use of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) as a noninvasive means to monitor differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into an adipogenic pathway relying entirely on endogenous sources of contrast. Specifically, we demonstrate that TPEF can be used to reveal quantitative differences in the biochemical status and the shape of differentiating and nondifferentiating stem cells in two-dimensional (2-D) cultures. We find that even in simple 2-D cultures, not all cells are undergoing differentiation at the same rate. Last, such noninvasive approaches may also ultimately allow for determination of the lineage toward which the cells are differentiating (e.g., fat versus bone). Thus, intrinsic TPEF imaging provides quantitative morphological and biochemical biomarkers associated with stem cell differentiation and could serve as an important enabling technology in tissue engineering applications.
Surface Combustion Microengines Based on Photocatalytic Oxidations of Hydrocarbons at Room Temperature (2005)

The concept of a surface combustion microengine that is fuelled by volatile hydrocarbons at room temperature is demonstrated on a microcantilever covered with a thin layer of titanium oxide (TiO(2)). Exposing this microengine to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and hydrocarbon vapor produces controlled bending of the microcantilever as a result of differential stress produced by photocatalytic oxidation of organic molecules on the TiO(2) coating. Compared to the motion generated solely by UV radiation or hydrocarbon adsorption, the unique photocatalytic-mechanical effects in the presence of UV and hydrocarbon produce more work and exhibit fast response. The surface combustion based microengines would require less maintenance in minimally controlled field environment and could be potentially used in construction of miniature movable machines, conversion of solar and chemical energy to mechanical work, when extended to a large array of microcantilevers. We believe such microengines can be fuelled by a variety of molecules or mixtures due to the generally favorable photocatalytic reactivity of TiO(2), thus potentially offering a broad approach for mechanical work generation from multiple energy sources.
Outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy using left ventricular quadripolar leads (2018)

Quadripolar leads achieve similar CRT outcomes as bipolar LV leads but with a higher implant success rate and fewer procedure-related complications.
Active structural acoustic control of composite fairings using single-crystal piezoelectric actuators (2003)

This paper investigates active control using single-crystal piezoelectric actuators for reducing the vibration and acoustic loads occurring in payload fairings during launch. These numerical studies imposed reasonable and practical limitations on actuator mass and voltage for the closed-loop control simulations in order to provide a realistic assessment of the control approach. Fully coupled structural–acoustic models were developed with linear quadratic regulator and linear quadratic Gaussian control laws and simulated using realistic disturbance levels. The results are compared to previous studies that used conventional piezoelectric actuators and demonstrate significant improvement. The simulation results indicate that more than 10 dB of reduction in the interior acoustic response can be achieved over the 0–300 Hz bandwidth using full state feedback control. The primary reason for the performance improvement over polycrystalline piezoceramics is the increased strain coefficient, which provides increased control authority. However, performance is significantly reduced by model uncertainty and sensor noise to approximately 3 dB as indicated by linear quadratic Gaussian closed-loop results.
Radioimmunoassay measurements of nuclear dihydrotestosterone in rat prostate. Relationship to androgen receptors and androgen-regulated responses (1981)

The concentration of dihydrotestosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from rat ventral prostates. In the regenerating prostates of castrated rats treated with dihydrotestosterone for 4 days, the nuclear concentration of this steroid increased from approx. 70nM to 800nM as a linear function of the injected dose, whereas the cytoplasmic concentration remained relatively constant (70-130nM). Isotope-exchange measurements of nuclear androgen receptors by using [3H]methyltrienolone indicated that, although the concentration of nuclear dihydrotestosterone was several-fold higher than the concentration of androgen receptors, they were logarithmically related. The recruitment of prostatic cells into the growth fraction and the stimulation of 5 alpha-reductase activity were more directly correlated to the nuclear concentration of androgen receptors than to the total nuclear concentration of dihydrotestosterone. Maximal restoration of a specific isoenzyme of acid phosphatase ws achieved when approx. 2000 androgen receptors were present in the prostatic nuclei; higher concentrations of nuclear androgen receptors were associated with decreased amounts of this enzyme. Hence the results imply, first, that the total amount of dihydrotestosterone accumulated by nuclei is not a direct consequence of carrier-mediated transport by androgen receptors, and, secondly, that, whereas acid phosphatase may be differentially controlled by androgens in the regenerating prostate, increases in the amount of cell proliferation and 5 alpha-reductase activity directly parallel increases in the nuclear concentration of androgen receptors.
HAb18G/CD147 promotes cell motility by regulating annexin II-activated RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2010)

These results suggest that the interaction of HAb18G/CD147 with annexin II is involved in the interconversion between mesenchymal and amoeboid movement of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Idan Landau 2009. The locative syntax of experiencers. In the series Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 53. Cambridge, MA/London: MIT Press. Pp. vi + 165. US $26.00 (softcover). (2010)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Bioorthogonal Enzymatic Activation of Caged Compounds (2015)

Engineered cytochrome P450 monooxygenase variants are reported as highly active and selective catalysts for the bioorthogonal uncaging of propargylic and benzylic ether protected substrates, including uncaging in living E. coli. observed selectivity is supported by induced-fit docking and molecular dynamics simulations. This proof-of-principle study points towards the utility of bioorthogonal enzyme/protecting group pairs for applications in the life sciences.
Fluorescence imaging in optical diffusion tomography (2003)

A Bayesian optimization scheme is presented for reconstructing fluorescent yield and lifetime, the absorption coefficient, and the scattering coefficient in turbid media, such as biological tissue. The proposed method utilizes measurements at both the excitation and emission wavelengths for reconstructing all unknown parameters. A tissue phantom experiment uses the inversion strategy to reconstruct a spherical heterogeneity containing indocyanine green.
Dissolvable microneedles for transdermal drug delivery showing skin penetration and modified drug release (2023)

Topical therapies for chronic skin diseases suffer from a low patient compliance due to the inconvenient treatment regimens of available products. Dissolvable microneedles (MN) with modified release offer an interesting possibility to increase the compliance by acting as a depot in the skin and thereby decreasing the dosing frequency. Furthermore, the bioavailability can be increased significantly by bypassing the barrier of the skin by the direct penetration of the MN into the skin. In this study the depot effect and skin penetration of an innovative dissolvable MN patch was assessed by insertion in ex vivo human skin and in vivo using minipigs. The MN patches are based on biodegradable polymers and the active pharmaceutical ingredients calcipotriol (Calci) and betamethasone-17-21-dipropionate (BDP) used to treat psoriasis. Using computed tomography (CT) and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy it was possible to visualize the skin penetration and follow the morphology of the MN as function of time in the skin. The depot effect was assessed by studying the modified in vitro release in an aqueous buffer and by comparing the drug release of a single application of a patch both ex vivo and in vivo to daily application of a marketed oleogel containing the same active pharmaceutical ingredients. The CT and CARS images showed efficient penetration of the MN patches into the upper dermis and a slow swelling process of the drug containing tip over a period of 8 days. Furthermore, CARS demonstrated that it can be used as a noninvasive technique with potential applicability in clinical settings. The in vitro release studies show a release of 54% over a time period of 30 days. The pharmacological relevance of MNs was confirmed in human skin explants and in vivo after single application and showed a similar response on calcipotriol and BDP mediated signaling events compared to daily application of the active oleogel. Altogether it was demonstrated that the MN can penetrate the skin and have the potential to provide a depot effect.
Regioselective Cyclocarboxylation of Nonconjugated Dienes to Cyclic Keto Esters (1997)

The carboxylation of 1,5-hexadiene in the presence of (PPh3)2PdCl2 in 1-butanol at 100 °C gives butyl 2-(3-methyl-2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (1) in good yield. Small amounts of linear diesters are also produced. A number of other olefins were also carboxylated to give mixtures of cyclic and linear products. Although carboxylation of monoolefins usually gives a mixture of regioisomers, cyclopentanone 1 is produced in >25:1 selectivity over the cyclohexanone regioisomer. Deuterium labeling and model studies were carried out in an attempt to explain the unusual regioselectivity observed. These studies suggest that although the reversible initial insertion of 1,5-hexadiene into Pd−H occurs with poor regioselectivity, the conversion of the regioisomer resulting from a 2,1-insertion to product is much faster than conversion of the other regioisomer to product.
Isolation of a putative transcriptional regulator from the region of 22q11 deleted in DiGeorge syndrome, Shprintzen syndrome and familial congenital heart disease (1993)

A wide spectrum of birth defects are caused by deletions of the DiGeorge syndrome critical region (DGCR) at human chromosome 22q11. Over one hundred such deletions have now been examined and a minimally deleted region of 300kb defined. Within these sequences we have identified a gene expressed during human and murine embryogenesis. The gene, named TUPLE1, and its murine homologue, encodes a protein containing repeated motifs similar to the WD40 domains found in the beta-transducin/enhancer of split (TLE) family. The TUPLE1 product has several features typical of transcriptional control proteins and in particular has homology with the yeast Tup1 transcriptional regulator. We propose that haploinsufficiency for TUPLE1 is at least partly responsible for DiGeorge syndrome and related abnormalities.
Improving patient and user safety during endoscopic investigation of the pancreatic and biliary ducts (2011)

Endoscopic investigation of the main pancreatic duct and biliary ducts is called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and carries a risk of pancreatitis for the patient. During ERCP, a metal guidewire is inserted into the pancreatobiliary duct from a side-viewing large endoscope within the duodenum. To verify correct placement of the ERCP guidewire, an injection of radiopaque dye is required for fluoroscopic imaging, which exposes the patient and clinical team to x-ray radiation. A safer and more effective means to access the pancreatobiliary system can use direct optical imaging, although the endoscope diameter and stiffness will be significantly larger than a guidewire's. To quantify this invasiveness before human testing, a synthetic force-sensing pancreas was fabricated and attached to an ERCP training model. The invasiveness of a new, 1.7-mm diameter, steerable scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) was compared to the standard ERCP guidewire of 0.89-mm (0.035") diameter that is not steerable. Although twice as large and significantly stiffer than the ERCP guidewire, the SFE generated lower or significantly less average force during insertion at all 4 sensor locations (P&lt;0.05) within the main pancreatic duct. Therefore, the addition of steering and forward visualization at the tip of the endoscope reduced the invasiveness of the in vitro ERCP procedure. Since fluoroscopy is not required, risks associated with dye injection and x-ray exposure can be eliminated when using direct optical visualization. Finally, the SFE provides wide-field high resolution imaging for image-guided interventions, laser-based fluorescence biomarker imaging, and spot spectral analysis for future optical biopsy.
Nanopatterning of “Hard” Magnetic Nanostructures via Dip-Pen Nanolithography and a Sol-Based Ink (2003)

A direct-write method for fabricating "hard" magnetic barium hexaferrite, BaFe12O19 (BaFe), nanostructures, based on dip-pen nanolithography and a sol−gel process, is presented. This method utilizes a conventional atomic force microscope tip, coated with the BaFe precursor solution, to generate patterns that can be post-treated at elevated temperature to generate magnetic features consisting of barium ferrite in its hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M-type) structure. Features ranging from several hundred nm down to below 100 nm were generated and studied using AFM, magnetic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The approach offers a new way for patterning functional inorganic nanostructures with deliberate control over feature size and shape, as well as interfeature distance and location.
Analysis of nonlinear optical switching in an erbium-doped fiber (1993)

A mathematical model of the strong, resonantly enhanced nonlinear phase shift recently reported in Er-doped fibers which relates the phase shift and signal loss to the fiber parameters and the pump and signal wavelengths, is presented. Predictions are in fair agreement with the phase shift and loss measured in an experimental Er-doped fiber switch based on this effect. A strong, nearly wavelength independent contribution to the nonlinear phase shift is observed in the switch. The model suggests that this effect is due to the same nonlinear effect arising from one or more vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) transitions in Er/sup 3+/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Bidesmosidic Betulin and Betulinic Acid Saponins (2008)

The naturally occurring cytotoxic saponin 28-O-beta-d-glucopyranosylbetulinic acid 3beta-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (3) was easily synthesized along with seven bidesmosidic saponins starting from the lupane-type triterpenoids betulin (1) and betulinic acid (2). As highlighted by the preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation against A549, DLD-1, MCF7, and PC-3 human cancer cell lines, the bidesmosidic betulin saponin 22a, bearing alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside moieties at both C-3 and C-28 positions, was determined to be a potent cytotoxic agent (IC(50) 1.8-1.9 microM).
Interferon-Gamma Primed Human Clonal Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Sheets Exhibit Enhanced Immunosuppressive Function (2022)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising treatment for immune-related diseases due to their diverse immunomodulatory paracrine functions. However, progress of culture-expanded MSCs is hindered by inconsistent cell function, poor localization, and insufficient retention when administered as suspended cell injections, thus placing spatiotemporal dosing constraints on therapeutic functions. To address these limitations, we introduce the combination of in vitro interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) priming, a key stimulator of MSC immunosuppressive potency, and thermoresponsive cultureware to harvest cultured MSCs as directly transplantable scaffold-free immunosuppressive cell sheets. Here, we demonstrate that MSC sheets produced with IFN-γ priming upregulate expression of immunosuppressive factors indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in both dose- and duration-dependent manners. In addition, IFN-γ primed MSC sheets showed increased ability to inhibit T-cell proliferation via indirect and direct contact, specifically related to increased IDO-1 and PGE2 concentrations. Furthermore, this study's use of human clinical-grade single-cell-derived clonal bone marrow-derived MSCs, contributes to the future translatability and clinical relevancy of the produced sheets. Ultimately, these results present the combination of IFN-γ priming and MSC sheets as a new strategy to improve MSC-mediated treatment of localized inflammatory diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Aldol‐Type Condensation Between Side Chains of Naphthoquinones: Biomimetic Synthesis of 1,6‐ and 1,8‐Dihydroxyanthraquinones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Loss of Furin in β cells Induces an mTORC1-ATF4 Anabolic Pathway that Leads to β cell Dysfunction (2020)

FURIN is a proprotein convertase (PC) responsible for proteolytic activation of a wide array of precursor proteins within the secretory pathway. It maps to the PRC1 locus, a type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus, yet its specific role in pancreatic β cells is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of FURIN in glucose homeostasis. We show that &lt;i&gt;FURIN&lt;/i&gt; is highly expressed in human islets, while PCs that potentially could provide redundancy are expressed at considerably lower levels. β cell-specific &lt;i&gt;Furin&lt;/i&gt; knockout (β&lt;i&gt;Fur&lt;/i&gt;KO) mice are glucose intolerant, due to smaller islets with lower insulin content and abnormal dense core secretory granule morphology. mRNA expression analysis and differential proteomics on β&lt;i&gt;Fur&lt;/i&gt;KO islets revealed activation of Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4), which was mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin C1 (mTORC1). β&lt;i&gt;Fur&lt;/i&gt;KO cells show impaired cleavage or shedding of the V-ATPase subunits Ac45 and prorenin receptor (PRR), respectively, and impaired lysosomal acidification. Blocking the V-ATPase pharmacologically in β cells increases mTORC1 activity, suggesting the involvement of the V-ATPase proton pump in the phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest a model of mTORC1-ATF4 hyperactivation and impaired lysosomal acidification in β cells lacking &lt;i&gt;Furin&lt;/i&gt;, which causes β cell dysfunction.
Conversion of Hemoprotein Function by Chemical Modification (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Model-based Deep Hand Pose Estimation (2016)

Previous learning based hand pose estimation methods does not fully exploit the prior information in hand model geometry. Instead, they usually rely a separate model fitting step to generate valid hand poses. Such a post processing is inconvenient and sub-optimal. In this work, we propose a model based deep learning approach that adopts a forward kinematics based layer to ensure the geometric validity of estimated poses. For the first time, we show that embedding such a non-linear generative process in deep learning is feasible for hand pose estimation. Our approach is verified on challenging public datasets and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
A General Route to β-Substituted Pyrroles by Transition-Metal Catalysis (2016)

An atom-efficient route to pyrroles substituted in the β-position has been achieved in four high yielding steps by a combination of Pd, Ru, and Fe catalysis with only water and ethene as side-products. The reaction is general and gives pyrroles substituted in the β-position with linear and branched alkyl, benzyl, or aryl groups in overall good yields. The synthetic route includes a Pd-catalyzed monoallylation step of amines with substituted allylic alcohols that proceeds to yield the monoallylated products in moderate to excellent yields. In a second step, unsymmetrical diallylated aromatic amines are generated from the reaction of a second allylic alcohol with high selectivity in moderate to good yields by control of the reaction temperature. Ru-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis performed on the diallylated aromatic amines yields the pyrrolines substituted in the β-position in excellent yields. By addition of ferric chloride to the reaction mixture, a selective aromatization to yield the corresponding pyrroles substituted in the β-position was achieved. A reaction mechanism involving a palladium hydride, generated from insertion of palladium to O-H of an allyl alcohol, that is responsible for the C-O bond cleavage to generate the π-allyl intermediate is proposed.
Visual Orientation and Directional Selectivity through Thalamic Synchrony (2012)

Thalamic neurons respond to visual scenes by generating synchronous spike trains on the timescale of 10-20 ms that are very effective at driving cortical targets. Here we demonstrate that this synchronous activity contains unexpectedly rich information about fundamental properties of visual stimuli. We report that the occurrence of synchronous firing of cat thalamic cells with highly overlapping receptive fields is strongly sensitive to the orientation and the direction of motion of the visual stimulus. We show that this stimulus selectivity is robust, remaining relatively unchanged under different contrasts and temporal frequencies (stimulus velocities). A computational analysis based on an integrate-and-fire model of the direct thalamic input to a layer 4 cortical cell reveals a strong correlation between the degree of thalamic synchrony and the nonlinear relationship between cortical membrane potential and the resultant firing rate. Together, these findings suggest a novel population code in the synchronous firing of neurons in the early visual pathway that could serve as the substrate for establishing cortical representations of the visual scene.
Microwave intensity and frequency modulation of heteroepitaxial-ridge-overgrown distributed feedback lasers (1985)

The intensity and frequency modulation response of heteroepitaxial-ridge-overgrown distributed feedback lasers are characterized as a function of modulation frequency from 0.2 to as high as 17 GHz. Small-signal intensity modulation measurements show a −3 dB frequency of 7.1 GHz. Efficient frequency modulation (&amp;gt;0.1 GHz/mA) is demonstrated for modulation frequencies up to 13 GHz. A new standard for comparing semiconductor lasers, the chirp to modulated power ratio, is suggested as a means of comparing semiconductor lasers and as an aid to understanding the interaction of FM and IM in a semiconductor laser.
Evaluation of electro-optic phenomena in ferroelectric thin films using ellipsometric techniques (1995)

Abstract Reflection ellipsometry and computational modeling are used to examine electro-optic (EO) effects in a PZT (30/70) thin film. The combined influences of thin film etalon effects, the optical configuration used to measure electro-optic changes in the PZT/electrode thin film stack, and incoherent scattering within the layer structure are found to significantly influence the corresponding intensity modulation under an ac field. The impact of these findings on design considerations for EO-based devices and the use of photometric ellipsometry to characterize these materials is discussed.