gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Temporal Memory-Based One-Pass Learning for Real-Time Anomaly Detection and Simultaneous Data Prediction in Smart Grids (2020)

A neuro-cognitive inspired architecture based on the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is proposed for anomaly detection and simultaneous data prediction in real-time for smart grid <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> PMU data. The key technical idea is that the HTM learns a <i>sparse distributed temporal representation</i> of sequential data that turns out to be very useful for anomaly detection and simultaneous data prediction in real-time. Our results show that the proposed HTM can predict anomalies within 83–90 percent accuracy for three different application profiles, namely <i>Standard, Reward Few False Positive, Reward Few False Negative</i> for two different datasets. We show that the HTM is competitive to five state-of-the-art algorithms for anomaly detection. Moreover, for the multi-step prediction in the online setting, the same HTM achieves a low 0.0001 normalized mean square error, a low negative log-likelihood score of 1.5 and is also competitive to six state-of-the-art prediction algorithms. We demonstrate that the same HTM model can be used for <i>both the tasks</i> and can learn online in one-pass, in an unsupervised fashion and adapt to changing statistics. <i>The other state-of-the-art algorithms are either less accurate or are limited to one of the tasks or cannot learn online in one-pass, and adapt to changing statistics.</i>
Nonspecific suppressive effect of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on bovine leukocyte functions (1983)

The effect of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on the specific and nonspecific immune response of calves was examined. Animals with or without prior aerosol exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 were aerosol challenged with 10(8) PFU of virus. Blood and serum samples were taken before and after virus challenge for determining cell-mediated, humoral, and neutrophil responses. A significant depression of the blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, P. haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida and of neutrophil chemotactic response was observed 4 to 7 days after challenge. However, the antibacterial activity of neutrophils was not significantly affected by virus exposure. Anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 antibody responses were detected 11 days postchallenge. A significant elevation of the anti-P. haemolytica antibody response (day 0 versus day +11) was detected in animals previously exposed to P. haemolytica.
34.3 fs pulse generation in an Er‐doped fibre laser at 201 MHz repetition rate (2015)

A 34.3 fs pulse generation dechirped from a nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE)‐based modelocked Er‐doped fibre laser at a repetition rate of 201 MHz is reported. The output power is 38.5 mW at a pump power of 700 mW.
Estimation of the Noise and Vibration Response in a Tractor Cabin Using Statistical Energy Analysis (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this paper is to establish a method of predicting the noise and vibration of tractor cabins in the engine-idling state by using Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). At first, an analytical model of a tractor cabin is constructed, and power flow equations are formulated for the tractor cabin. To solve these equations, SEA parameters are estimated experimentally and analytically. These parameters are the modal density, loss factor, coupling loss factor, and input power. With these parameters, the noise and vibration responses of the tractor cabin are calculated. Good agreements are found between the analytical and experimental data.&lt;/div&gt;
Process Optimization for Synthesis of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Catalyzed by Fluor apatite Supported Potassium Fluoride (2013)

The optimization of the synthesis of anti-tuberculosis drug by thia-Michael addition between thiophenol and chalcone catalyzed using activated Fluorapatite supported potassium fluoride (KF/FAP) was studied using a 2 block central composite design including 4 factors (reaction time, solvent volume, catalyst weight and impregnation ratio). The high reactivity and regioelectivity of our catalyst coupled with their ease of use and reduced environmental problems makes them attractive alternatives to homogeneous basic reagents.
Moisture-Induced Material Instability of Porous Organosilicate Glass (2003)

The mechanism of leakage current of porous organosilicate glass (POSG) with plasma ashing is investigated. The plasma ashing often deteriorates the POSG film, causing moisture uptake. We find that the leakage-current mechanism of POSG transforms from Schottky emission into ionic conduction after plasma treatment. The mobile ions supported by absorbing moisture move easily when an external electric field is applied to POSG film, which leads to the ionic conduction leakage current across the moisture-absorbing POSG film. Hence, the leakage current density is drastically increased about four to five orders of magnitude compared with untreated POSG film. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A hybrid planar-mixed tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene/C70 photovoltaic cell (2013)

We describe a hybrid planar-mixed heterojunction (PM-HJ) organic photovoltaic cell based on tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) and C70 with a power conversion efficiency of up to 6.4% ± 0.3%. Optimized cells consist of a DBP:C70 mixed layer at a volume ratio of 1:8 and a 9-nm thick C70 cap layer. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the visible of the PM-HJ cell is up to 10% larger than the mixed-HJ cell that lacks a C70 acceptor cap layer. The improvement in EQE is attributed to reduced exciton quenching at the MoO3 anode buffer layer surface. This leads to an internal quantum efficiency &amp;gt;90% between the wavelengths of λ = 450 nm and 550 nm, suggesting efficient exciton dissociation and carrier extraction in the PM-HJ cell. The power conversion efficiency under simulated AM 1.5G, 1 sun irradiation increases from 5.7% ± 0.2% for the mixed-HJ cell to 6.4% ± 0.3% for the PM-HJ cell, with a short-current density of 12.3 ± 0.3 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 0.91 ± 0.01 V, and fill factor of 0.56 ± 0.01.
Quantified Mechanical Properties of the Deltoid Muscle Using the Shear Wave Elastography: Potential Implications for Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (2016)

The deltoid muscle plays a critical role in the biomechanics of shoulders undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, both pre- and postoperative assessment of the deltoid muscle quality still remains challenging. The purposes of this study were to establish a novel methodology of shear wave elastography (SWE) to quantify the mechanical properties of the deltoid muscle, and to investigate the reliability of this technique using cadaveric shoulders for the purpose of RSA. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were obtained. The deltoid muscles were divided into 5 segments (A1, A2, M, P1 and P2) according to the muscle fiber orientation and SWE values were measured for each segment. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To measure the response of muscle tension during RSA, the humeral shaft was osteotomized and subsequently elongated by an external fixator (intact to 15 mm elongation). SWE of the deltoid muscle was measured under each stretch condition. Intra- and inter-observer reliability of SWE measurements for all regions showed 0.761-0.963 and 0.718-0.947 for ICC(2,1). Especially, SWE measurements for segments A2 and M presented satisfactory repeatability. Elongated deltoid muscles by the external fixator showed a progressive increase in passive stiffness for all muscular segments. Especially, SWE outcomes of segments A2 and M reliably showed an exponential growth upon stretching (R2 = 0.558 and 0.593). Segmental measurements using SWE could be reliably and feasibly used to quantitatively assess the mechanical properties of the deltoid muscle, especially in the anterior and middle portions. This novel technique based on the anatomical features may provide helpful information of the deltoid muscle properties during treatment of RSA.
Motivation to learn in massive open online courses: Examining aspects of language and social engagement (2015)

Learning is mediated by language of instruction and social engagement. Both factors may play a significant role in understanding motivation to learn in massive open online courses (MOOCs). Therefore, the goal of this study was threefold: a. to compare motivation patterns of MOOC participants who study the same course but in a different language of instruction; b. to examine relationships between motivation gain and diverse modes of engagement; and c. to characterize MOOC completers according to their learning motivation. An exploratory case-study was conducted in the settings of a MOOC in Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, delivered in two languages: English and Arabic. The research sample included 325 participants from the English (N = 289) and Arabic (N = 36) MOOCs. The study applied the mixed methods approach, collecting data via pre- and post-questionnaires, forum posts, and email messages. Findings indicated that regardless the language of instruction, MOOC participants were driven to learn by similar goals, emphasizing intrinsic motivation and self-determination. Findings indicated a positive relationship between motivation gain, the number of messages posted to the online forums, and the number of members in the online study groups. Five types of MOOC completers were identified: problem-solvers, networkers, benefactors, innovation-seekers, and complementary-learners.
Full factorial design of experiment-based and response surface methodology approach for evaluating variation in uniaxial compressive mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of photocurable PEGDMA-based scaffolds (2023)

The goal of this study is to fabricate biocompatible and minimally invasive bone tissue engineering scaffolds that allow<i>in situ</i>photocuring and further investigate the effect on the mechanical properties of the scaffold due to the prevailing conditions around defect sites, such as the shift in pH from the physiological environment and swelling due to accumulation of fluids during inflammation. A novel approach of incorporating a general full factorial design of experiment (DOE) model to study the effect of the local environment of the tissue defect on the mechanical properties of these injectable and photocurable scaffolds has been formulated. Moreover, the cross-interaction between factors, such as pH and immersion time, was studied as an effect on the response variable. This study encompasses the fabrication and uniaxial mechanical testing of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) scaffolds for injectable tissue engineering applications, along with the loss in weight of the scaffolds over 72 h in a varying pH environment that mimics<i>in vivo</i>conditions around a defect. The DOE model was constructed with three factors: the combination of PEGDMA and nano-hydroxyapatite referred to as biopolymer blend, the pH of the buffer solution used for immersing the scaffolds, and the immersion time of the scaffolds in the buffer solution. The response variables recorded were compressive modulus, compressive strength, and the weight loss of the scaffolds over 72 h of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline at respective pH. The statistical model analysis provided adequate information in explaining a strong interaction of the factors on the response variables. Further, it revealed a significant cross-interaction between the factors. The factors such as the biopolymer blend and pH of the buffer solution significantly affected the response variables, compressive modulus and strength. At the same time, the immersion time had a strong effect on the loss in weight from the scaffolds over 72 h of soaking in the buffer solution. The biocompatibility study done using a set of fluorescent dyes for these tissue scaffolds highlighted an enhancement in the pre-osteoblasts (OB-6) cell attachment over time up to day 14. The representative fluorescent images revealed an increase in cell attachment activity over time. This study has opened a new horizon in optimizing the factors represented in the DOE model for tunable PEGDMA-based injectable scaffold systems with enhanced bioactivity.
5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, adriamycin, and mitomycin C in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. (1978)

Eighteen previously untreated patients with advanced nonresectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach were treated with a four-drug regimen consisting of 5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, adriamycin, and mitomycin C. Objective responses occurred in only two patients (11%); the majority of patients had stable disease for greater than or equal to 8 weeks (61%). The median survival of 27 weeks was similar to that reported in other combination chemotherapy trials. Numerous staging and restaging procedures and strict response criteria were utilized and each was evaluated for its effectiveness in following responses. None of these parameters was useful for evaluating response of intra-abdominal tumor. We conclude that this four-drug combination is no better than previously described two-drug regimens.
DroidPill (2017)

Nowadays, attacking and defending Android apps has be- come an arms race between black hats and white hats. In this paper, we explore a new hacking technique called the App Confusion Attack, which allows hackers to take full control of benign apps and their resources without device root- ing or privilege escalation. Conceptually, an App Confusion Attack hijacks the launching process of each benign app, and forces it to run in a virtual execution context controlled by hackers, instead of the native one provided by the Android Application Framework. This attack is furtive but lethal. When a user clicks on a benign app, the malicious alternative can be loaded and executed with an indistinguishable user interface. As a result, hackers can manipulate the communication between the benign app and the OS, including kernel and system services, and manipulate the code and data at will. To address this issue, we build DroidPill, a framework for malware creation that employs the app virtualization technique and the design flaws in Android to achieve such attacks with free apps. Our evaluation results and case studies show that DroidPill is practical and effective. Lastly, we conclude this work with several possible countermeasures to the App Confusion Attack.
Experimental demonstration of an all-optical interferometric drop, add, and extract multiplexer for OFDM super-channel (2015)

The experimental implementation of an all-optical node able of routing a channel contained in an all-optical OFDM super-channel is presented. The extract function is performed through channel selection, reshaping and interferometric suppression.
Linearity Considerations for Low-EVM, Millimeter-Wave Direct-Conversion Modulators (2012)

This paper presents the analysis and implementation of a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) I/Q modulator and determines the impact of I- and Q-channel nonlinearity, PA nonlinearity, and other nonideal circuit implementations on the error vector magnitude (EVM). The modulator is fabricated in 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS process and occupies an area of 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . For a 64-QAM constellation at a 42-GHz carrier frequency, the EVM is less than 2.5% at 48-Mbps data rate. The on-chip digital-to-analog conversion resolution is capable of employing digital pre-distortion (DPD) and calibration. An external power amplifier is linearized to improve the EVM with DPD. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the lowest EVM reported at these mm-wave frequencies.
Induction of Apoptosis Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Root Extract by Inactivation of the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway in Human Leukemia U937 Cells (2019)

Our results indicated that the pro-apoptotic effect of EESB was mediated through the activation of DR-mediated intrinsic and mitochondria-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathways and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling in U937 cells.
Bound and quasibound state calculations for biased/unbiased semiconductor quantum heterostructures (1993)

A complex transcendental equation valid for a wide range of electron energies for semiconductor quantum heterostructures under unbiased or biased conditions is derived. Its complex roots have as real parts the structure eigenenergy levels, and their imaginary parts are directly related to the lifetime of the corresponding eigenenergies. A numerical method is presented that is capable of extracting all these complex eigenenergies. The method is based on the argument principle theorem from complex number theory. Therefore, all the energy levels and lifetimes of bound and quasibound states can be determined. Energy levels and lifetimes can also be calculated in the presence of scattering events when these are modeled with an energy broadening imaginary potential. Extensive comparisons between this numerical method and other currently used techniques are included, proving the generality and the accuracy of this new method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lysine vitcylation is a novel vitamin C-derived protein modification that enhances STAT1-mediated immune response (2023)

Vitamin C (vitC) is a vital nutrient for health and also used as a therapeutic agent in diseases such as cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying vitC's effects remain elusive. Here we report that vitC directly modifies lysine without enzymes to form vitcyl-lysine, termed "vitcylation", in a dose-, pH-, and sequence-dependent manner across diverse proteins in cells. We further discover that vitC vitcylates K298 site of STAT1, which impairs its interaction with the phosphatase PTPN2, preventing STAT1 Y701 dephosphorylation and leading to increased STAT1-mediated IFN pathway activation in tumor cells. As a result, these cells have increased MHC/HLA class-I expression and activate immune cells in co-cultures. Tumors collected from vitC-treated tumor-bearing mice have enhanced vitcylation, STAT1 phosphorylation and antigen presentation. The identification of vitcylation as a novel PTM and the characterization of its effect in tumor cells opens a new avenue for understanding vitC in cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and therapeutics.
Pathophysiological roles of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. (1993)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of joint synovium. Several cytokines, including TNF alpha, IL 1, GM-CSF, IL 6, IL 8, MCAF/MCP-1, PDGF, and TGF beta have been detected in joint tissue as well as in synovial fluids from joint of RA. Possible roles of these cytokines in controlling pathophysiological state of RA joints was extensively discussed in this review article.
Parametric Detection of a Low-Frequency Plane Wave by a Circular Piston Beam (1973)

Westervelt's prediction [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 35, 535–537 (1963)] that an acoustic signal of low frequency can be detected by a parametric endfire array—i.e., by nonlinear interaction with a “pump” beam of high frequency—is analyzed in the case of a plane wave of low frequency and a highly directional beam from a circular plane piston used as a pump. To first-order perturbation theory, at field point (r,z), the z component of particle velocity for the interaction component at the difference frequency is proportional to the product of the piston-beam function at (r,z) (but calculated at the difference frequency) and the response function of a truncated endfire array of length z (calculated at the low frequency). The receiving directivity of the system is thus determined by the endfire response function alone, regardless of the piston's properties. The piston-beam function is, however, a factor in determined the system's receiving sensitivity. Work continues on generalizing the theorem to arbitrary directional pump transducers.
Instrumentation and process control for fossil demonstration plants. Quarterly technical progress report, October--December 1976 (1977)

The final report of the state-of-the-art study of instrumentation for process control and safety in large-scale coal conversion and fluidized-bed combustion systems was distributed in November. A conceptual design for the Solids/Gas Flow Test Facility has been initiated, the major components identified, and vendors located. Work on acoustic flow measurement has included theoretical feasibility studies of acoustic/ultrasonic techniques for mass-flow measurements of slurries and solid/gas media. Initial planning was conducted to establish a laboratory facility necessary to verify theoretical findings. A survey of the literature relating to capacitive measurements was begun to provide a basis for conceptual designs and preliminary bench tests of the feasibility of these designs. Conceptual design of a capacitive on-line solids density measuring device and calculations to select the type of system for initial feasibility tests were carried out. Preliminary tests of neutron capture gamma analysis for on-line elemental composition of liquid and solid streams in coal plants indicate that most coal elements can be detected quantitatively through the pipe walls. A computer program for peak-fitting in the gamma spectrum was modified for requirements of this work. A literature search was started to determine the state-of-the-art in dynamic process modeling of fossil energy system components, physical property models, and process control models. A partial review of abstracts from a computerized literature search has identified over 50 references having possible application to process analysis activities in this program.
Second-generation hexavalent molybdenum oxo-amidinate precursors for atomic layer deposition (2016)

The synthesis of molybdenum oxo-amidinate complexes MoO<sub>2</sub>(R<sub>2</sub>AMD)<sub>2</sub> [AMD = N,N'-di-R-acetamidinate; R = Cy (2; cyclohexyl) and <sup>i</sup>Pr (3)], and their characterization by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis is reported. Quartz-crystal microbalance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies confirm that 3 is an improved ALD precursor versus the R = t-butyl derivative for MoO<sub>3</sub> film growth. Complex 3 is accessible in higher yields (80%+), is easier to handle without mass loss, and in conjunction with O<sub>3</sub> as the second ALD reagent, yields nitride-free MoO<sub>3</sub> films.