gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing massive MIMO: A new approach for Uplink training based on heterogeneous coherence time (2017)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is one of the key technologies in future generation networks. Owing to their considerable spectral and energy efficiency gains, massive MIMO systems provide the needed performance to cope with the ever increasing wireless capacity demand. Nevertheless, the number of scheduled users stays limited in massive MIMO both in time division duplexing (TDD) and frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. This is due to the limited coherence time, in TDD systems, and to limited feedback capacity, in FDD mode. In current systems, the time slot duration in TDD mode is the same for all users. This is a suboptimal approach since users are subject to heterogeneous Doppler spreads and, consequently, different coherence times. In this paper, we investigate a massive MIMO system operating in TDD mode in which, the frequency of uplink training differs among users based on their actual channel coherence times. We argue that optimizing uplink training by exploiting this diversity can lead to considerable spectral efficiency gain. We then provide a user scheduling algorithm that exploits a coherence interval based grouping in order to maximize the achievable weighted sum rate.
An Optimal Policy for Target Localization with Application to Electron Microscopy (2013)

This paper considers the task of finding a target location by making a limited number of sequential observation. Each observation results from evaluating an imperfect classifier of a chosen cost and accuracy on an interval of chosen length and position. Within a Bayesian framework, we study the problem of minimizing an objective that combines the entropy of the posterior distribution with the cost of the questions asked. In this problem, we show that the one-step lookahead policy is Bayes-optimal for any arbitrary time horizon. Moreover, this one-step lookahead policy is easy to compute and implement. We then use this policy in the context of localizing mitochondria in electron microscope images, and experimentally show that significant speed ups in acquisition can be gained, while maintaining near equal image quality at target locations, when compared to current policies. Proceedings of the 30 th
Alleviating power quality issues when integrating PV into built areas: Design and control of DC microgrids (2015)

Increasing penetration of PV sources in LV grids is introducing new challenges to the quality of voltage. Variability of solar radiation can cause power ramps of up to the nominal power of the plant in one second, which directly induces voltage fluctuations on distribution feeders. To mitigate this impact on power quality, we investigate the introduction of dc micro-grids interfaced to the ac grid through four-quadrant inverter. The introduced control strategy is able to manage the entire system without any communication layer and to ensure at the same time: i) ramp-rate control of the power exchanged with the ac grid; ii) voltage stability on both dc and ac grids; iii) maintaining the state of charge of storage devices connected to the dc grid. In the paper the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is shown with numerical simulations considering real profiles of solar irradiation and load power.
Recovering 3D Shape and Light Source Positions from Non-planar Shadows (2010)

Recently, Shadow Graph has been proposed for recovering 3D shapes from shadows projected on curved surfaces. Unfortunately, this method requires a large computational cost. In this paper, we introduce 1D Shadow Graph which can be used for recovering 3D shapes with much smaller computational costs. We also extend our method, so that we can estimate both 3D shapes and light source positions simultaneously under a condition where 3D shapes and light sources are unknown.
Koexpression von Cyclooxygenasen (COX–1 und COX–2) und vaskulären Wachstumsfaktoren (VEGF-A und VEGF-C) beim ösophagealen Adenokarzinom: Implikationen für künftige Chemopreventionskonzepte (2004)

HINTERGRUND. Basierend grundlagenwissenschaftlichen und epidemiologischen Untersuchungen wird derzeit die Prävention von ösophagealen Adenokarzinomen (Barrett-Karzinom) durch pharmakologische Blockade der Cyclooxygenase (COX) als viel versprechende Strategie angesehen. Bislang wird vornehmlich die Blockade der COX–2-Isoform des Enzyms als für die Wirkung entscheidend angesehen, weshalb Studien derzeit auf die selektive COX–2-Inhibition fokussieren. COX–1 hingegen wird als unbedeutend für die Karzinogenese angesehen.
Enhancement in Specific CD8+ T Cell Recognition of EphA2+ Tumors In Vitro and In Vivo after Treatment with Ligand Agonists (2008)

The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is an attractive therapeutic target that is commonly overexpressed on solid tumors, with the degree of overexpression associated with disease progression, metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. Agonistic mAbs or ligand (ephrinA1)-Fc fusion protein are capable of inducing EphA2 internalization and degradation, thereby (at least transiently) eliminating the influence of this oncoprotein. We and others have also shown that EphA2 contains multiple peptide epitopes that can be recognized by effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells isolated from tumor-bearing patients. Herein, we show that "agonist" reagents that trigger the proteasome-dependent degradation of tumor cell EphA2 result in the improved presentation of peptides derived from (both the extracellular and intracellular domains of) EphA2 in MHC class I complexes expressed on the tumor cell membrane for at least 48 h, as manifested by increased recognition by EphA2-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro. We also observed that while delivery of ephrinA1-Fc fusion protein or agonist mAb into EphA2(+) tumor lesions promotes EphA2 degradation in situ, this single administration of agent does not dramatically alter tumor progression in a humanized SCID model. However, when combined with the adoptive transfer of normally nontherapeutic (human) anti-EphA2 CD8(+) CTL, this dual-agent regimen results in complete tumor eradication. These results suggest that strategies targeting the conditional proteasome-mediated destruction of tumor cell EphA2 may enable EphA2-specific CD8(+) T cells (of modest functional avidity) to realize improved therapeutic potential.
Mesoionic oxazolones in heterocyclic syntheses. Reaction of 2,4-diphenyloxazol-5(4H)-one with 1-azabuta-1,3-dienes (1985)

2,4-Diphenyloxazol-5(4H)-one reacted smoothly with 1-azabuta-1,3-dienes to afford the dihydro-α-pyridones (3) in good yields. The acetylated adducts (4) were isolated, allowing a mechanism for the formation of these products to be proposed.
A 32nm low power RF CMOS SOC technology featuring high-k/metal gate (2010)

A 32nm RF SOC technology is developed with high-k/metal-gate triple-transistor architecture simultaneously offering devices with high performance and very low leakage to address advanced RF/mobile communications markets. A high performance NMOS achieves an f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> of 420GHz. Concurrently, a low leakage 30pA/um NMOS achieves an f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> of 218GHz. Deep-nwell/guard rings improves noise isolation by >50dB. High Q inductors, >7V breakdown voltage power amplifier transistors, varactors, and precision passives are also presented.
Cell Growth Paramenters and Sister Chromatid Exchange Level in Fibroblasts from a Patient Diagnosed with Bloom Syndrome (1985)

The problem.A patient, KB, diagnosed with the autosomal recessive genetic disorder Bloom Syndrome on the basis of clinical features, had failed to display the characteristic cytogenetic features of the syndrome.This research compared the growth response to bovine pituitary fibroblast growth factor, the mitotic index, and the sister chromatid exchange level of the KB fibroblasts with normal and known Bloom Syndrome control fibroblasts.
Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Cost-effective Automobile Parts by Die-casting (AlSi7Mg0.3 (A356)) and Selective Laser Melting (AlSi7Mg0.5 (A357)) — Effects of Substrate Surface Treatments on Bimetallic Interface Bonding Quality (2022)

Due to low productivity hence high costs, additive manufacturing is rarely used to automobile sector for volume production. This study proposes a hybrid solution combining die casting and selective laser melting (SLM) to balance the auto-part manufacturing cost and customizability. The top priority for such hybrid manufacturing is to prepare the cast substrate surface suited for subsequent SLM builds. For this purpose, the cast surface of a lower control arm (cast A356 (AlSi7Mg0.3)) was processed, respectively, by sandblasting, wire electro-discharge machining and in-situ laser remelting (i.e., inside SLM build envelope), followed by SLM fabrication of A357 (AlSi7Mg0.5) on these prepared and original cast surfaces. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to study the processed surfaces and the resulting interfaces after hybrid builds. Results indicate that all these surfaces except the one prepared by electro-discharge machining led to defect-free interfaces with metallurgical joints. Epitaxial grain growth from the substrate to SLMed part was observed, implying a solid bonding in between. Given the reduced industrial costs and improved manufacturing stability, laser remelting is recommended finally as the surface treatment for succeeding SLM fabrication. Nevertheless, considerable differences in microstructure, texture, residual stress and element distribution still exist between the cast A356 and SLMed A357, which may cause uncoordinated mechanical properties in operation. Therefore, post-heat treatment of hybrid-built parts is the next step to equalize these differences.
Adult c‐Kit(+) progenitor cells are necessary for maintenance and regeneration of olfactory neurons (2014)

The olfactory epithelium houses chemosensory neurons, which transmit odor information from the nose to the brain. In adult mammals, the olfactory epithelium is a uniquely robust neuroproliferative zone, with the ability to replenish its neuronal and non-neuronal populations due to the presence of germinal basal cells. The stem and progenitor cells of these germinal layers, and their regulatory mechanisms, remain incompletely defined. Here we show that progenitor cells expressing c-Kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase marking stem cells in a variety of embryonic tissues, are required for maintenance of the adult neuroepithelium. Mouse genetic fate-mapping analyses show that embryonically, a c-Kit(+) population contributes to olfactory neurogenesis. In adults under conditions of normal turnover, there is relatively sparse c-Kit(+) progenitor cell (ckPC) activity. However, after experimentally induced neuroepithelial injury, ckPCs are activated such that they reconstitute the neuronal population. There are also occasional non-neuronal cells found to arise from ckPCs. Moreover, the selective depletion of the ckPC population, utilizing temporally controlled targeted diphtheria toxin A expression, results in failure of neurogenesis after experimental injury. Analysis of this model indicates that most ckPCs reside among the globose basal cell populations and act downstream of horizontal basal cells, which can serve as stem cells. Identification of the requirement for olfactory c-Kit-expressing progenitors in olfactory maintenance provides new insight into the mechanisms involved in adult olfactory neurogenesis. Additionally, we define an important and previously unrecognized site of adult c-Kit activity.
Dominant Processes during Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Revealed by Integration of Proteome and Transcriptome at the Pathway Level (2010)

Gene expression is commonly used to study the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) to identify proteins that determine whether these cells induce an immunostimulatory or tolerogenic immune response. RNA expression, however, does not necessarily predict protein abundance and often requires large numbers of experiments for statistical significance. Proteomics provides a direct view on protein expression but is costly and time consuming. Here, we combined a comprehensive quantitative proteome and transcriptome analysis on a single batch of immature and cytokine cocktail matured human DCs and integrated resulting data sets at the pathway level. Although overall correlation between differential mRNA and protein expression was low, correlation between components of DC relevant pathways was significantly higher. Differentially expressed proteins and genes partly mapped to identical but also to different pathway components demonstrating that RNA and protein data not only supported but also complemented each other. We identified 5 dominant pathways, which confirmed the importance of cytokines, cell adhesion, and migration in DC maturation and also indicated a fundamental role for lipid metabolism. From these pathways we extracted novel maturation markers that might improve DC vaccine design. For several of the candidate markers we confirmed widespread significance examining DCs from multiple individuals, underscoring the validity of our approach. We conclude that integration of different but related data sets at the pathway level can significantly increase the predictive power of multi "omics" analyses.
Gecko nano brush (2005)

A new concept of in-situ cleaning of fiber-optic connector is proposed, based on nanotechnology. This new nano-brush concept is based on Gecko-lizard foot hairs analogy.
Network based IP VPN Architecture Using Virtual Routers (2006)

This document describes a network-based Virtual Private Network (VPN)
architecture using the virtual router (VR) concept. Multiple VRs can
exist in a single physical device. A emulates all the functionality
of a physical router, and therefore inherits all existing mechanisms
and tools for configuration, operation, accounting, and maintenance.
Any routing protocol can be used to distribute VPN reachability
information among VRs, and no VPN- related modifications or extensions
are needed to the routing protocol for achieving VPN reachability.
Direct VR-to-VR connectivity may be configured through layer-2 links
or through IP- or MPLS-based tunnels. Traffic from VRs belonging to
different VPNs may be aggregated over a VR network, which
greatly simplifies VPN provisioning. This architecture accommodates
various backbone deployment scenarios, both where the VPN service
provider owns the backbone, and where the VPN service provider obtains
backbone service from one or more other service providers.
Standardization Trends for Carrier-Class Ethernet in ITU-T and IEEE 802 [Guest Editorial] (2007)

The three articles in this special section are devoted to standardization trends for carrier-class Ethernet in IEEE and ITU-T standards.
Distributed reinforcement learning in multi-agent networks (2013)

Distributed reinforcement learning algorithms for collaborative multi-agent Markov decision processes (MDPs) are presented and analyzed. The networked setup consists of a collection of agents (learners) which respond differently (depending on their instantaneous one-stage random costs) to a global controlled state and the control actions of a remote controller. With the objective of jointly learning the optimal stationary control policy (in the absence of global state transition and local agent cost statistics) that minimizes network-averaged infinite horizon discounted cost, the paper presents distributed variants of Q-learning of the consensus + innovations type in which each agent sequentially refines its learning parameters by locally processing its instantaneous payoff data and the information received from neighboring agents. Under broad conditions on the multi-agent decision model and mean connectivity of the inter-agent communication network, the proposed distributed algorithms are shown to achieve optimal learning asymptotically, i.e., almost surely (a.s.) each network agent is shown to learn the value function and the optimal stationary control policy of the collaborative MDP asymptotically. Further, convergence rate estimates for the proposed class of distributed learning algorithms are obtained.
The Impact of Dual Viral Infection in Infants Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Associated with Severe Bronchiolitis (2008)

Dual viral infection is a relevant risk factor for the admission of infants with severe bronchiolitis to the PICU.
Removal of free light chains in hemodialysis patients without multiple myeloma: a crossover comparison of three different dialyzers (2016)

The present trial was registered retrospectively ( NCT02950389 , 31/10/2016).
Annex 3 (2009)

States’ Implementing Legislation Sources for this annex include the Amnesty International Report on Universal Jurisdiction, supra note 31; Universal Jurisdiction in Europe: Criminal Prosecutions in Europe since 1990 for war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture and genocide, Redress, 30 June 1999, available at http://www.redress.org/Universal_jurisdiction.html (accessed 5 August 2007); Universal Jurisdiction in Europe: State of the Art, Human Rights Watch, June 2006, available at ht...
Critical Role of OX40 in CD28 and CD154-Independent Rejection (2004)

Blocking both CD28 and CD154 costimulatory pathways can induce transplant tolerance in some, but not all, transplant models. Under stringent conditions, however, this protocol often completely fails to block allograft rejection. The precise nature of such CD28/CD154 blockade-resistant rejection is largely unknown. In the present study we developed a new model in which both CD28 and CD154, two conventional T cell costimulatory molecules, are genetically knocked out (i.e., CD28/CD154 double-knockout (DKO) mice) and used this model to examine the role of novel costimulatory molecule-inducible costimulator (ICOS), OX40, 4-1BB, and CD27 in mediating CD28/CD154-independent rejection. We found that CD28/CD154 DKO mice vigorously rejected fully MHC-mismatched DBA/2 skin allografts (mean survival time, 12 days; n = 6) compared with the wild-type controls (mean survival time, 8 days; n = 7). OX40 costimulation is critically important in skin allograft rejection in this model, as blocking the OX40/OX40 ligand pathway, but not the ICOS/ICOS ligand, 4-1BB/4-1BBL, or CD27/CD70 pathway, markedly prolonged skin allograft survival in CD28/CD154 DKO mice. The critical role of OX40 costimulation in CD28/CD154-independent rejection is further confirmed in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, as blocking the OX40/OX40 ligand pathway in combination with CD28/CD154 blockade induced long term skin allograft survival (>100 days; n = 5). Our study revealed a key cellular mechanism of rejection and identified OX40 as a critical alternative costimulatory molecule in CD28/CD154-independent rejection.
Effect of Refractive Solid Immersion Lens Parameters on the Enhancement of Laser Induced Fault Localization Techniques (2008)

Abstract The effect of Refractive Solid Immersion Lens (RSIL) parameters on the enhancement to laser induced fault localization techniques are investigated. The experimental results of the effect on a common laser induced technique, namely Thermally Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA), and imaging are presented. A signal enhancement in the peak TIVA signal of close to 12 times has been achieved.
Silica-supported Ti chloride tetrahydrofuranates, precursors of Ziegler–Natta catalysts (2013)

The structural and electronic properties of silica-supported titanium chloride tetrahydrofuranates samples, obtained by impregnating a polymer-grade dehydroxylated silica with TiCl4(thf)2 and TiCl3(thf)3 complexes, precursors of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, are investigated by means of FT-IR, XAS, XES and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, coupled with DFT calculations. The properties of the two silica-supported samples are very similar, irrespective of the starting precursor. In both cases, most of the chlorine ligands originally surrounding the Ti sites are substituted by oxygen ligands upon grafting on silica. As a consequence, the electronic properties of silica-supported Ti sites are largely different from those of the corresponding precursors, and in both cases most of the grafted Ti sites have a formal oxidation state of +4. The whole set of experimental data provide evidence that mono-nuclear Ti species are mainly present at the silica surface.
Bacterial cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in promyelocytic (Line HL-60) cells by novel organotellurium compounds (1999)

Abstract The increasing importance of tellurium in organic synthesis, in industrial applications, and as a possible component in pesticides means that its introduction into the environment will probably increase in the future. A knowledge of the relative toxicity and the mode of toxic action of tellurium-containing chemicals is therefore important. The work presented here, using growth-rate inhibition effects on Pseudomonas fluorescens of two model compounds, telluranthrene and tetrachlorodiphenyl ditelluride, suggests that these compounds are at least as toxic as the relatively well-known selenium oxyanions, selenate and selenite. Experiments with human promyelocytic (line HL-60) cells indicate that both the above organotellurium compounds induce a form of cell death called apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The induction of apoptosis occurred in both a time- and dose-dependent manner, as assayed by three different analytical methods: fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that organotellurium compounds may find applicability in the fields of chemoprevention and cancer therapy, similar to organoselenium compounds.
Zanthoxylum avicennae extracts inhibit cell proliferation through protein phosphatase 2A activation in HA22T human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common type of cancer that is usually associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we examined the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of the traditional Vietnamese herb Zanthoxylum avicennae on the inhibition of HA22T human hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. HA22T cells were treated with different concentrations of Zanthoxylum avicennae extracts (YBBEs) and analyzed with the MTT assay, western blot analysis, flow cytometry, siRNA transfection assays and co-immunoprecipitation assay. Additionally, the HA22T-implanted xenograft nude mouse model was applied to confirm the cellular effects. YBBEs showed a strong inhibition of HA22T cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced cell proliferation-related proteins as well as induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) siRNA or okadaic acid totally blocked YBBE-mediated cell proliferation inhibition. In addition, an HA22T-implanted nude mouse model further confirmed that YBBEs inhibit HA22T tumor cell growth and downregulate the survival and cell cycle regulating proteins, as well as activate the PP2A protein. Our findings indicate that the inhibition of HA22T cell proliferation by YBBEs is mediated through PP2A activation.