gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind estimation of reverberation time based on the distribution of signal decay rates (2008)

The reverberation time is one of the most prominent acoustic characteristics of an enclosure. Its value can be used to predict speech intelligibility, and is used by speech enhancement techniques to suppress reverberation. The reverberation time is usually obtained by analysing the decay rate of (i) the energy decay curve that is observed when a noise source is switched off, and (ii) the energy decay curve of the room impulse response. Estimating the reverberation time using only the observed reverberant speech signal, i.e., blind estimation, is required for speech evaluation and enhancement techniques. Recently, (semi) blind methods have been developed. Unfortunately, these methods are not very accurate when the source consists of a human speaker, and unnatural speech pauses are required to detect and/or track the decay. In this paper we extract and analyse the decay rate of the energy envelope blindly from the observed reverberation speech signal in the short-time Fourier transform domain. We develop a method to estimate the reverberation time using a property of the distribution of the decay rates. Experimental results using simulated and real reverberant speech signals demonstrate the performance of the new method.
Strained SixGe1−x-Ge-Si core-double-shell nanowire heterostructures for simultaneous hole and electron mobility enhancement (2018)

We report the growth, structural, and electrical characterization of epitaxial, strained SixGe1−x-Ge-Si core-double-shell nanowire heterostructures designed to provide quantum confinement of holes and electrons in the compressively strained Ge and tensile-strained Si shells, respectively. The growth utilizes the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism for the SixGe1−x core, followed by a sequence of in-situ ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapor deposition for the epitaxial Ge and Si shell growth. Using a combination of micro-Raman spectroscopy on individual nanowires and lattice dynamic theory, we determine a large compressive (tensile) hydrostatic strain of up to −0.9% (0.67%) in the Ge (Si) shell. We demonstrate p- and n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors using SixGe1−x-Ge-Si core-double-shell nanowires as channel and observe a 500% (20%) enhancement of the average hole (electron) mobility compared to control devices using Si nanowires, due to an increased hole (electron) mobility in the compressively strained Ge (tensile strained Si) shell. An analysis of the hole transport provides the valence band offset in the core-double-shell nanowire heterostructures.
A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Semaglutide Once Daily Versus Liraglutide and Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Diet and Exercise With or Without Metformin (2018)

Once-daily semaglutide at doses up to 0.3 mg/day resulted in greater reductions in HbA<sub>1c</sub> compared with liraglutide or placebo but with a higher frequency of GI AEs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefination Reactions Using Tetraarylphosphonium (TAP)‐Supported Phosphorus Ylides. (2011)

Abstract The synthesis and application of salt (III) and the corresponding phosphorus ylide (VII) in the Wittig reaction is studied.
Cytokinin, auxin and physiological polarity in the aquatic carnivorous plantsAldrovanda vesiculosaandUtricularia australis (2016)

Both species show common trends in auxin and cytokinin levels, the apical localization of the cytokinin biosynthesis and basipetal change in the ratio of active cytokinins to auxin, in favour of auxin. However, our detailed study of cytokinin metabolic profiles also revealed that both species developed different regulatory mechanisms of active cytokinin content; on the level of their degradation, in U. australis, or in the biosynthesis itself, in the case of A. vesiculosa Results indicate that the rapid turnover of these signalling molecules along the shoots is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance between the rapid polar growth and development of the apical parts and senescence of the older, basal parts of the shoots.
Interference Management in WLAN Mesh Networks Using Free-Space Optical Links (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Frequency channels are assigned in wireless local-area network (WLAN) mesh networks subject to strict cochannel interference constraints. Since Wi-Fi may be freely used by other networks, added interference may eventually invalidate the original frequency assignment, making full link activation impossible. In this paper, we address this problem by selectively installing supplementary free-space optical (FSO) links when radio-frequency (RF) link performance has deteriorated. To minimize cost, the number of FSO links that are needed should be as small as possible. We first formulate the channel assignment problem with the objective of maximizing the number of simultaneous link activations while satisfying cumulative RF interference constraints. A proof is given for the NP-completeness of the joint frequency assignment and FSO link placement problem. We then propose an efficient heuristic to solve the channel assignment problem using a genetic algorithm. Results are then presented for various mesh networks which show that the proposed algorithm has good results compared with the computed bounds. The presented results show that the use of FSO links permits WLAN mesh network deployment in interference-prone situations. </para>
Ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) diversity in Finnish arable land (2001)

Carabid data compiled from six independent studies, consisting of 97 799 individuals trapped by pitfalls from Finnish agricultural fields and identified to 111 species were analyzed. Shannon-Wiener H' diversity index was typically around 2.5 and expected species number rarefied to 600 trapped individuals was typically around 30 species. The five most abundant species accounted for 42% of the total catch, and the thirty most abundant species made up 98% of the total catch. Percentage similarities among the assemblages by PS-index were from 16% to 48%. In comparison to published data about carabid diversity in boreal forests, which form the dominating habitat matrix in which Finnish farmland is embedded as relatively small patches, arable fields harbor more species rich assemblages, with more even rank-abundance distributions but variable species composition. Importance of landscape (regional) level, instead of spatial level of crop fields, in understanding carabid diversity in farmland is discussed. Inclusion of carabids into monitoring schemes of agro-biodiversity at landscape level is suggested.
1H NMR study of the phase behavior of aqueous eutectic solutions using the inverse Laplace transform analysis of T2 relaxation (2017)

High-field <sup>1</sup> H NMR T<sub>2</sub> relaxation studies were used to characterize the changes in the physical phases of water, NaCl, and dextrose solutions over a temperature range of -65 to 15 °C. The data were analyzed with the inverse Laplace transform and with a linear fit to the logarithm of the time domain signal. Two liquid phases were detected for the NaCl and dextrose solutions at lower temperatures and assigned to low and high concentrated solution domains. The high concentrated solution domain was found to be present between -30 and -5 °C in the NaCl solution and between -55 and -5 °C in the dextrose solution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC-MS/MS method for determination of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, BP-14 and BP-20, and its application in pharmacokinetic study in rat (2018)

N2-(4-Amino-cyclohexyl)-9-cyclopentyl-N6-(6-furan-2-yl-pyridine-3-ylmethyl)-9H-purine-2,6-diamine (BP-14) and 2-(5-{[2-(4-amino-cyclohexylamino)-9-cyclopentyl-9H-purine-6-ylamino]-methyl}-pyridine-2-yl)-phenol (BP-20) are novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, structurally related to roscovitine, with significant biological activity. A simple, selective and sensitive liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method for determining them in rat plasma, using roscovitine as an internal standard, was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was performed in reversed phase mode on Acquity BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) by gradient elution with mobile phases composed of 15 mM ammonium formate pH 4.0 and methanol at flow rate 0.25 mL/min at 40 °C. The analytes were detected based on their characteristic multiple reaction monitoring transitions in positive electrospray ionization mode m/z 473.07 > 157.93 for BP-14, m/z 499.62 > 184.2 for BP-20 and m/z 355.5 > 90.86 for internal standard. In plasma the method provided good linearity within the entire concentration range: 1–10,000 nmol/L (r2 = 0.9989) for BP-14 and 10–25,000 nmol/L (r2 = 0.9994) for BP-20; the limit of detection was 0.6 nmol/L for BP-14 and 6.1 nmol/L for BP-20. Validation was also performed in bile and urine. The results of validation fit within the acceptance limits following European Medicines Agency guidelines. The method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of BP-14 and BP-20 in vivo in rats following intravenous and intraduodenal administration including plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion (renal and biliary). Both compounds showed low bioavailability after intraduodenal administration (0.630 and 1.58% for BP-14 and BP-20, respectively). Distribution into all the analyzed tissues (brain, lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle, adipose tissue) was observed 3 h after single dose administration, the highest and lowest concentrations being reached in the adipose tissue and brain, respectively. The biliary excretion of the parent BP-14 and BP-20 compounds accounted for 4.81% and 10.6% of the doses, respectively, and renal excretion for <0.5% in both cases. The obtained results represent pilot knowledge for further development of a new generation of compounds with strong anticancer activities.
Growth regulation of human breast carcinoma occurs through regulated growth factor secretion (1987)

We describe studies on human breast cancer in which it is shown that specific growth factors (IGF-I, TGF alpha, PDGF) are secreted by human breast cancer cells and likely to be involved in tumor growth and progression. These activities are regulated by estradiol in hormone-dependent breast cancer and secreted constitutively by hormone-independent cells. These growth factor activities can induce the growth of hormone-dependent cells in vivo in athymic nude mice. Hormone-dependent breast cancer cells also secrete TGF beta, a growth-inhibitory substance, when treated with antiestrogens. TGF beta functions as a negative autocrine growth regulator and is responsible for some of the growth-inhibitory effects of antiestrogens.
Isotopological Fingerprinting Using 1H/D Scrambling Identifies the Stereochemistry of Hyperpolarization Catalysts Transferring Spin Polarization from Parahydrogen to Substrates Using Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (2022)

Hyperpolarization using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) relies on target molecules and parahydrogen coordinating to a transition metal catalyst. Identification of this coordinated state becomes increasingly important, especially since bio-relevant targets such as pyruvate and amino acids exhibiting multiple binding sites are becoming compatible with SABRE. In this report, we present a fingerprinting method to discriminate and identify ligand binding sites without requiring the presence of a sensitive or isotope-labeled heteroatom. Adding a small concentration of protons to a deuterated medium, spontaneous <sup>1</sup>H/D scrambling of exchangeable protons encodes the ligands each with an isotopological fingerprint. By use of rapid 2D zero quantum NMR, the binding sites are decoded from the hydrides in less than a minute. The new methodology is explained and demonstrated on Ir mixed complexes with pyridine, benzylamine, and ammonia as common N-functional ligands.
Isoquinolin‐1‐one Inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 Interaction (2008)

p53 has been at the centre of attention for drug design since the discovery of its growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic activity. Herein we report the design and characterisation of a new class of isoquinolinone inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction. Our identification of druglike and selective inhibitors of this protein-protein interaction included a straightforward in silico compound-selection process, a recently reported NMR spectroscopic approach for studying the MDM2-p53 interaction, and selectivity screening assays using cells with the same genetic background. The selected inhibitors were all able to induce apoptosis and the expression of p53-related genes, but only the isoquinolin-1-one-based inhibitors stabilised p53. Our NMR experiments give a persuading explanation for these results, showing that isoquinolin-1-one derivates are able to dissociate the preformed MDM2-p53 complex in vitro, releasing a folded and soluble p53. The joint application of these methods provides a framework for the discovery of protein interaction inhibitors as a promising starting point for further drug design.
AlN/Sapphire-Based SAW Resonators With Q Over 10000 for Temperature Sensors (2023)

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator with quality factors ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 3526/10 205 at the resonant/antiresonant frequencies ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{r}/{f}_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) has been fabricated on thick metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown (0002) aluminum nitride (AlN) films ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) on sapphire. The impact of device parameters on <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of resonators, including aspect ratio of length to width ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}/{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), number of interdigital transducers (IDTs), and IDT metal thickness, has been investigated. The high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is obtained due to the large <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}/{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of 12, which can enhance the acoustic energy superimposition of IDTs, and the thick AlN film ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), which can reduce the negative impact of seed layer. Moreover, the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) values of −46.52/−46.09 ppm/°C for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{r}/{f}_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with temperatures ranging from −50 °C to 250 °C and a high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 4027 at 250 °C of the resonator have been demonstrated for temperature sensor application.
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Collaborative information retrieval (2011)

The MMIQ was successful in eliciting important data regarding patients' attitudes about MMJ for opioid titration and potential compliance. Our study was limited by being administered online rather than in-person, which skewed the demographic makeup of the sample. The MMIQ can be used to study similar populations or adapted to patients already using MMJ. Similar surveys of MMJ-experienced patients could be combined with chart reviews to study the success of these products for pain control and opioid substitution.
Anisotropic nanoparticles immersed in a nematic liquid crystal: Defect structures and potentials of mean force (2006)

We report results for the potential of mean force (PMF) and the defect structures that arise when spherocylindrical nanoparticles are immersed in a nematic liquid crystal. Using a dynamic field theory for the tensor order parameter Q of the liquid crystal, we analyzed configurations, including one, two, and three elongated particles, with strong homeotropic anchoring at their surfaces. For systems with one nanoparticle, the most stable configuration is achieved when the spherocylinder is placed with its long axis perpendicular to the far-field director, for which the defect structure consists of an elongated Saturn ring. For systems with two or three nanoparticles with their long axes placed perpendicular to the far-field director, at small separations the defect structures consist of incomplete Saturn rings fused with new disclination rings orthogonal to the original ones, in analogy to results previously observed for spherical nanoparticles. The shape of these orthogonal rings depends on the nanoparticles' configuration, i.e., triangular, linear, or parallel with respect to their long axis. A comparison of the PMFs indicates that the latter configuration is the most stable. The stability of the different arrays depends on whether orthogonal disclination rings form or not, their size, and the curvature effects in the interparticle regions. Our results suggest that the one-elastic-constant approximation is valid for the considered systems; similar results were obtained when a three-constant expression is used to represent the elastic free energy. The attractive interactions between the elongated particles were compared to those observed for spheres of similar diameters. Similar interparticle energies were observed for linear arrays; in contrast, parallel and triangular arrays of spherocylinders yielded interactions that were up to 3.4 times stronger than those observed for spherical particles.
Performance and complexity analysis of channel coding schemes for multi-Gbps wireless communications (2012)

In this paper, a trade-off analysis between concatenated codes consisting of a convolutional (CC) followed by a Reed-Solomon (RS) code versus low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. The analysis is based on a twofold criterion: coding gain for a target bit error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> and required decoder hardware complexity for a target data throughput of 10 Gbps. Furthermore, we have investigated relevant parameters which directly impact an efficient hardware implementation as well as the error correction performance of the LDPC decoder. These parameters include an attenuation factor in the min-sum layered (MSL) decoding algorithm, the finite word length of soft information and an early-termination (ET) strategy. The error correction performances are evaluated for 16-QAM modulation over an independent Rayleigh fading channel. The complexity of the RS-CC and LDPC decoders is estimated based on synthesis results using an Infineon 40 nm CMOS design kit.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAROGRAM AND REACTIONS OF A SHORT‐LIVED OXIDATION PRODUCT OF THE CARBONATE ION (1977)

Abstract Bei der Bestrahlung einer l0 ‐2 m wäßrigen Na 2 CO 3 ‐Lösung, die mit N 2 O gesättigt ist, entsteht das Radikalanion CO 3 ‐ , das sowohl Akzeptor als auch Donator eines Elektrons sein kann.
Image representation with position-frequency localization (1991)

A mathematical approach to image analysis and synthesis in the combined frequency-position space is presented. The formalism is based on the Zak (1967) transform, which provides one of the most fundamental tools for studies of nonstationary processes and images as such. Algorithms suitable for computation of Gabor (1946) expansion coefficients are presented and compared with regard to stability and computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fluorescence polarimeter for flow cytometry (1978)

We have added the ability to measure the fluorescence polarization of single cells to a flow fluorimeter cell sorter system. The fluorescence, which is excited by a vertically polarized laser beam, is split by a Glan–Thompson prism into vertical and horizontal components. These pass through beam diffusers and are measured by two photomultipliers. The signals from the photomultipliers are processed electronically on line by a PDP-11 computer based system. The ratio of the polarization components can be measured to 1% over a dynamic range of 10:1 in intensity, providing the fluorescence is bright enough. A Fresnel rhomb is used to rotate polarization of the exciting laser beam to the horizontal for calibration. Our system can display in real time the distributions of fluorescence polarization, fluorescence intensity, and cell volume either singly or in two-parameter correlations, and it can sort cells on the basis of preset limits on these distributions.
Ant colony optimization based packet scheduler for peer-to-peer video streaming (2009)

This letter describes a new packet scheduling algorithm for enhancing the quality of distributed peer-to-peer video streaming. The algorithm was designed for when streaming server peers use error recovery such as automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) rather than error protection to avoid overburdening network resources. Ant colony optimization was used for scheduling groups of packets to reflect the channel status and error recovery effect of multiple server peers heuristically. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can enhance the quality of distributed video streaming services.