gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube (2002)

Abstract : A Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) combusts a fuel air mixture through detonation. Existing designs require spark plugs in each separate thrust tube to ignite premixed reactants. A single thrust tube could require the spark plug to fire hundreds of times per second for long durations. This paper reports on the use of a continuously propagating detonation wave as both a thrust producer and a single ignition source for a multi-tube system. The goal was to minimize ignition complexity and increase reliability by limiting the number of ignition sources. The work includes a systematic investigation of single tube geometric effects on detonations. These results were subsequently used to further examine conditions for splitting detonations i.e. the division of a detonation wave into two separate detonation waves. Einally a dual thrust tube system was built and tested that successfully employed a single spark to initiate detonation in separate thrust tubes.
Formation of complex polymeric microstructures through physical self-organization and capillary dynamics (2004)

We present a generic way of forming various complex polymeric microstructures using physical self-organization and capillary dynamics. A simple lithographic tool called capillary force lithography is utilized for this purpose, in which the pattern formation is driven by capillary force, not involving any external force or modification. In this method, a patterned polydimethylsiloxane mold is placed on a spin-coated polymer film on a substrate and then the temperature is raised above the polymer's glass transition temperature, allowing for a surface tension-driven flow. One-step and two-step applications of the mold lead to various microstructures in which wetting and dewetting as influenced by the mold channel width and the film thickness gives rise to the self-organization of the structures. The method can also be utilized to produce a polymer sheet with both sides patterned and these sheets can be laminated to generate multi-level structures. An intriguing aspect of patterning microsphere surfaces is also presented. The complex microstructures are not easily accessible by other methods, thus providing a simple and economic way of generating potentially useful templates for biomedical, microfluidic, and optical applications.
Rotational spectra and structures of the Ar2–H35Cl/37Cl trimers (1987)

Microwave rotational spectra have been observed for both Cl isotopes of the Ar2–HCl trimer with the pulsed nozzle Fourier transform method using the Flygare Mark II spectrometer. The Cl nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure was analyzed for each of the transitions and the coupling constants and line centers determined. Sixteen transitions were observed in the 2 to 15 GHz region for the 35Cl species and 11 for 37Cl. The line centers were fitted to obtain ground state rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants A″, B″, C″, τ1, τ2, τaaaa, τbbbb, and τcccc. For Ar2–H35Cl, the values are 1733.857, 1667.932, 844.491, −0.1170, −0.0292, −0.1199, −0.0802, and −0.0079 MHz, respectively, and for Ar2–H37Cl: 1733.824, 1606.877, 828.497, −0.1121, −0.0279, −0.1205, −0.0737, and −0.0075 MHz. The equilibrium geometry is determined to be T shaped with C2v symmetry and the H end of the HCl closest to the Ar2. Large amplitude slightly anisotropic torsional motion of the HCl is evident from the hyperfine constants. The chlorine isotopic substitution enables the torsional displacement of the Ar2 dimer to be estimated. It is found to be an average of 7.3° with respect to the b axis. With allowance for the torsional effects, a value of 3.861 Å is obtained for the Ar–Ar distance and 4.005 Å for the Ar to Cl distance. An approximate, harmonic force field analysis is based on the centrifugal distortion constants. A comparison is given of the force constants and Ar–Ar distances for the Ar2–HCl and Ar2–H/DF trimers.
Ag-chalcogenide glass flexible radiation sensor: Impact of atomic ratio of Se on the TID influenced lateral diffusion of Ag (2016)

We report the results of our study on the impact of variable atomic ratio of Ge x Se 1-x on the total ionization dose (TID) influenced lateral diffusion of Ag into chalcogenide glasses (ChG) in flexible radiation detection sensors.
Modification of a commercially available photoacoustic imaging system for the use of 1064nm and 532nm wavelengths to assess photoacoustic contrast agents (2013)

The use of near-infrared wavelengths for photoacoustic (PA) imaging takes advantage of the relatively low inherent absorption of tissues and has encouraged the development of agents which show high contrast in this range. Here, we describe the modification of a commercially available PA imaging system (Vevo LAZR, VisualSonics, Toronto) to take advantage of the 532nm and 1064nm wavelengths inherent in the generation of the currently tuneable range of 680 to 970nm and in the use of these two wavelengths to assess contrast agents. The photoacoustic imaging system generated light from a Nd/YAG laser modified to extract the 532 and 1064nm wavelengths in addition to its OPO-derived tuneable range (680 - 970 nm) and deliver this light through a fiber integrated into a linear array transducer (LZ400, VisualSonics). Gold nanorods (UT Austin), carbon nanotubes (Stanford U), DyLight 550 (Thermo Fisher) and blood were imaged in a phantom (PE20 tubing) and in a hindlimb subcutaneous tumor in vivo to determine their photoacoustic signal intensity at all wavelengths. In the phantom and in vivo, all agents caused an enhancement of the photoacoustic signal at their respective peak absorbance wavelengths. These results show that the 532nm and 1064nm wavelengths could prove useful in biomedical imaging due to the contrast agents customized for them. The 1064nm wavelength in particular has the advantage of having very low generation of endogenous signal in vivo, making agents tuned to this wavelength ideal for targeted contrast imaging.
Passivation of Solution-Processed a-IGZO Thin-Film Transistor by Solution Processable Zinc Porphyrin Self-Assembled Monolayer (2021)

Bottom-gate bottom contact amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using solution processing. The nonpassivated a-IGZO-TFTs exhibited a significant threshold voltage shift, large hysteresis in the current–voltage characteristics, and degradation in the subthreshold swing. TFTs’ performance degradation is due to the interaction of its back channel with adsorbed oxygen and water molecules in the ambient air. The hydroxy-phenyl zinc porphyrin (ZnP) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was formed on TFTs’ back channel using a low-cost solution-based approach to passivate TFTs back channel. The passivated a-IGZO-TFTs exhibited enhanced electrical characteristics and improved stability compared with nonpassivated TFTs. Passivated TFTs presented significantly reduced hysteresis up to 87% and subthreshold slope degradation up to 71%. The passivated TFTs showed excellent stability under positive (20 V) and negative (−20 V) bias stress conducted for 5000 s.
Physics-guided neural networks for feedforward control with input-to-state stability guarantees (2023)

The increasing demand on precision and throughput within high-precision mechatronics industries requires a new generation of feedforward controllers with higher accuracy than existing, physics-based feedforward controllers. As neural networks are universal approximators, they can in principle yield feedforward controllers with a higher accuracy, but suffer from bad extrapolation outside the training data set, which makes them unsafe for implementation in industry. Motivated by this, we develop a novel physics-guided neural network (PGNN) architecture that structurally merges a physics-based layer and a black-box neural layer in a single model. The parameters of the two layers are simultaneously identified, while a novel regularization cost function is used to prevent competition among layers and to preserve consistency of the physics-based parameters. Moreover, in order to ensure stability of PGNN feedforward controllers, we develop sufficient conditions for analyzing or imposing (during training) input-to-state stability of PGNNs, based on novel, less conservative Lipschitz bounds for neural networks. The developed PGNN feedforward control framework is validated on a real-life, high-precision industrial linear motor used in lithography machines, where it reaches a factor 2 improvement with respect to physics-based mass-friction feedforward and it significantly outperforms alternative neural network based feedforward controllers.
Reverse transcriptase encoded by a retrotransposon from the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. (1991)

The long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-like elements are a distinct family of eukaryotic transposons that contain a long open reading frame with limited sequence homology to retroviral reverse transcriptases. Unlike many retrotransposons, they lack long terminal repeats. The mechanism by which LINE-like elements move within the genomes of their hosts remains speculative. We have used an unusual approach to express and detect enzymatic activities associated with Crithidia retrotransposable element 1 (CRE1), a site-specific LINE-like element found in the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. A chimeric gene fusing the yeast retrotransposon Ty1 and the CRE1 open reading frame is constructed and then overexpressed in yeast. Fusion proteins are packaged into virus-like particles, which can be partially purified and directly analyzed for enzymatic activity. Here we demonstrate that CRE1 encodes an RNA-directed DNA polymerase. These data provide direct biochemical evidence that this widely distributed class of retrotransposons encodes reverse transcriptase and sets the stage for a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in LINE-like element transposition.
Reprogramming progeria fibroblasts re‐establishes a normal epigenetic landscape (2017)

Ideally, disease modeling using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables analysis of disease initiation and progression. This requires any pathological features of the patient cells used for reprogramming to be eliminated during iPSC generation. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a segmental premature aging disorder caused by the accumulation of the truncated form of Lamin A known as Progerin within the nuclear lamina. Cellular hallmarks of HGPS include nuclear blebbing, loss of peripheral heterochromatin, defective epigenetic inheritance, altered gene expression, and senescence. To model HGPS using iPSCs, detailed genome-wide and structural analysis of the epigenetic landscape is required to assess the initiation and progression of the disease. We generated a library of iPSC lines from fibroblasts of patients with HGPS and controls, including one family trio. HGPS patient-derived iPSCs are nearly indistinguishable from controls in terms of pluripotency, nuclear membrane integrity, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic profiles, and can differentiate into affected cell lineages recapitulating disease progression, despite the nuclear aberrations, altered gene expression, and epigenetic landscape inherent to the donor fibroblasts. These analyses demonstrate the power of iPSC reprogramming to reset the epigenetic landscape to a revitalized pluripotent state in the face of widespread epigenetic defects, validating their use to model the initiation and progression of disease in affected cell lineages.
One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Mn2+-Doped Wurtzite CdSe Nanocrystals Encapsulated with Carbon (2008)

Mn-doped CdSe nanocrystals encapsulated in carbon (Cd1−xMnxSe @ C) were synthesized by the one-pot RAPET (reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature) approach. The nanocrystal core was 27–51 nm encapsulated by a 9–18 nm carbon shell, as evidenced from electron microscopic analysis. The efficient replacement of Cd by Mn in the hexagonal wurtzite Cd1−xMnxSe lattice, until Mn/Cd = 0.099, was confirmed from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. For Mn/Cd = 0.143 nanocrystals, manganese was found to be expelled to the nanocrystal surface. The magnetic measurements evidenced the appearance of antiferromagnetic clusters (manganese rich) that exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of 28 K. Raman experiments revealed that the shell consisted of continuous linear chains of carbon. The formation of the core–shell nanocrystals in the absence of any templating agent was a kinetically controlled process of Cd1−xMnxSe nucleus formation and carbon encapsulation. Mn replaces Cd mainly in the (100) plane and catalyzes the formation of nanorods and tripod nanostructures.
The correlation of radiographic, MRI and histologic evaluations over two years of a carbonated apatite cement in a rabbit model (1999)

s from the Sixth Meeting of the International Society for Fracture Repair; September 23-26, 1998; Strasbourg, France
Effects of backbone rigidification on intramolecular hydrogen bonding in a family of diamides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of backbone rigidification on intramolecular hydrogen bonding in a family of diamidesGui Bai Liang, John M. Desper, and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3, 925–938Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00056a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00056a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views605Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Camera selection in visual sensor networks (2007)

Wireless networks of visual sensors have recently emerged as a new type of sensor-based intelligent system, with performance and complexity challenges that go beyond that of existing wireless sensor networks. The goal of the visual sensor network we examine is to provide a user with visual information from any arbitrary viewpoint within the monitored field. This can be accomplished by synthesizing image data from a selection of cameras whose fields of view overlap with the desired field of view. In this work, we compare two methods for the selection of the camera-nodes. The first method selects cameras that minimize the difference between the images provided by the selected cameras and the image that would be captured by a real camera from the desired viewpoint. The second method considers the energy limitations of the battery powered camera-nodes, as well as their importance in the 3D coverage preservation task. Simulations using both metrics for camera-node selection show a clear trade-off between the quality of the reconstructed image and the network's ability to provide full coverage of the monitored 3D space for a longer period of time.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 stimulates tumor necrosis and recruitment of macrophages into tumors in tumor-bearing nude mice: increased granulocyte and macrophage progenitors in murine bone marrow. (1995)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) belongs to the newly recognized "chemokine" superfamily of activation-inducible cytokines. We report here that MCP-1 gene-transferred mouse myeloma cells modulate tumor necrosis in myeloma-bearing nude mice. We established an MCP-1-producing myeloma cell line (X63-MCP-1) by transfection with human MCP-1 cDNA as well as interleukin-8-producing X63 cells (X63 IL-8). Each cell line showed the same growth characteristics in vitro, and 1 x 10(7) cells per mouse were injected into the peritoneal cavity resulting in the formation of tumors. Hematologic studies, including peripheral white blood cell counts and differentiation, showed no differences among the groups. They formed tumors in the same manner, which we observed from weeks 2.5 to 9. MCP-1 mice showed more tumor necrosis and infiltration of the macrophages into the tissue surrounding the tumor. In situ hybridization, using a partial cDNA as a probe, showed that macrophages contained MCP-1 mRNA. Bone marrow cell colony-forming assay showed a greater number of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies in MCP-1 mouse femur than in those of controls or interleukin-8 mice. MCP-1 has no direct stimulatory activity on stem cells, but longer exposure to MCP-1 in vivo might stimulate both granulocyte and macrophage progenitors and recruitment of macrophages into tumors, and it might explain the antitumor activity of macrophages in tumor-bearing nude mice.
High resolution ultrasonic brain imaging: adaptive focusing based on twin-arrays (2006)

Transcranial imaging of the brain is currently limited by the defocusing effect of the skull bone (absorption, diffusion and refraction of ultrasounds). A brief review of the various techniques developed in the last decades to correct the aberrations induced by the skull bone is first presented. A noninvasive brain imaging device is presented that takes into account the defocusing effect of the skull. This device is made of two identical "twin" linear arrays located on each side of the head. It is shown how to differentiate the respective influence of the two bone windows on the path of an ultrasonic wave going from one array to the other, and how to estimate at each frequency the attenuation and phase shift locally induced by each of the bone windows. This information is then used to perform adaptive focusing through the skull. Compared to uncorrected wave fronts, the spatial shift of the focal point is cancelled, the width of the focal spot is reduced, and sidelobes level is decreased up to 10dB. Simulated structural transcranial images of a brain model are presented to exhibit the improvement in image quality provided by this new noninvasive adaptive focusing method.
Consideration for input current-ripple reduction on a novel pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells (2008)

Authors have proposed a novel DC-AC converter topology for fuel cells, which includes a novel method for the reduction of input current-ripple. In general, the current- ripple in fuel cells give s damage to the fuel cell consumption and life span because the chemical reaction time is much slower than the commercial power source frequency. Therefore, the input current-ripple should be reduced in the DC-AC converter for fuel cells. In the conventional DC-AC converter, a large capacitor is inserted between the boost converter stage and the PWM inverter stage for the current- ripple reduction. This capacitor disturbs the size reduction of the converter unit. In the proposed topology, the first- stage boost converter provides a series of boosted voltage pulses directly to the second-stage PWM inverter. Therefore, a large capacitor for the smoothed DC power source is not needed. Instead, a series-connected LC circuit is inserted for the current-ripple reduction. This paper focuses the mechanism of current-ripple reduction. Moreover, an active method for the current-ripple reduction is proposed, which reduces the input current-ripple less than 1 Amp.
The Pruritogenic and Inflammatory Effects of Prostanoids in the Conjunctiva (1995)

The therapeutic utility of cyclooxygenase (CO) inhibitors, such as ketorolac, in reducing the inflammatory events associated with allergic conjunctivitis is not unexpected since prostanoids (PG) elicit conjunctival redness (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha), edema (PGD2, TxA2), eosinophil infiltration (PGD2, PGJ2) and mucous cell discharge (PGD2, PGJ2, TxA2). Recently, topically administered ketorolac has also been reported to alleviate the itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. This was viewed as intriguing since CO inhibitors are not regarded as useful for treating itching dermatoses and PGs do not elicit itching when applied to the skin. In order to investigate the antipruritic activity of ketorolac, we developed a model for reproducibly measuring ocular surface itch responses. The model involves itch-scratch responses to pruritogens applied locally to the ocular surface. Painful and foreign body stimuli do not produce an itch-scratch response. Unlike reported skin studies, PGE2 was a potent itch-producing substances in the conjunctiva. PGD2 was weakly pruritogenic but PGF2 alpha and the TxA2-mimetic U-46619 were inactive. The PG precursor arachidonic acid was also a potent pruritogen and its effects were inhibited by ketorolac pretreatment. Ketorolac also dose-dependently inhibited the itching associated with experimental allergic conjunctivitis. It appears that PGs are potent itch-producing substances in the conjunctiva and the anti-itch efficacy of ketorolac in allergic conjunctivitis appears to involve inhibition of conjunctival PG biosynthesis from arachidonic acid.
On the estimation of power amplifier efficiency for modulated signals (2015)

This paper presents a new closed form expression for the average efficiency of power amplifiers (PA) driven by modulated signals. Based on an approximation for the PA I-V curve, the PA output power and the DC current are estimated using the probability distribution function (PDF) of the modulated signal. The efficiency as a function of transistor parameters and the bias point is estimated. The closed form values are then compared to the simulated data. It is shown that the estimated efficiency values are in agreement with the simulated ones.
A mathematical model of BCR-ABL autophosphorylation, signaling through the CRKL pathway, and Gleevec dynamics in chronic myeloid leukemia (2004)

A mathematical model is presented that describes several signaling events that occur in cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, i.e. autophosphorylation of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein and subsequent signaling through the Crkl pathway. Dynamical effects of the drug STI-571 (Gleevec) on these events are examined, and a minimal concentration for drug effectiveness is predicted by simulation. Most importantly, the model suggests that, for cells in blast crisis, cellular drug clearance mechanisms such as drug efflux pumps dramatically reduce the effectiveness of Gleevec. This is a new prediction regarding the efficacy of Gleevec. In addition, it is speculated that these resistance mechanisms might be present from the onset of disease.