gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient-specific musculoskeletal models as a framework for comparing ACL function in unicompartmental versus bicruciate retaining arthroplasty (2021)

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has been shown to provide superior functional outcomes compared to total knee arthroplasty and have motivated development of advanced implant designs including bicruciate retaining knee arthroplasty. However, few validated frameworks are available to directly compare the effect of implant design and surgical techniques on ligament function and joint kinematics. In the present study, the subject-specific lower extremity models were developed based on musculoskeletal modeling framework using force-dependent kinematics method, and validated against in vivo telemetric data. The experiment data of two subjects who underwent TKA were obtained from the SimTK "Grand Challenge Competition" repository, and integrated into the subject-specific lower extremity model. Five walking gait trials and three different knee implant models for each subject were used as partial inputs for the model to predict knee biomechanics for unicompartmental, bicruciate retaining, and total knee arthroplasty. The results showed no significant differences in the tibiofemoral contact forces or angular kinematic parameters between three groups. However, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty demonstrated significantly more posterior tibial location between 0% and 40% of the gait cycle (<i>p</i> < 0.017). Significant differences in range of tibiofemoral anterior/posterior translation and medial/lateral translation were also observed between unicompartmental and bicruciate retaining arthroplasty (<i>p</i> < 0.017). Peak values of anterior cruciate ligament forces differed between unicompartmental and bicruciate retaining arthroplasty from 10% to 30% of the gait cycle. Findings of this study indicate that unicompartmental and bicruciate retaining arthroplasty do not have identical biomechanics and point to the complementary role of anterior cruciate ligament and articular geometry in guiding knee function. Further, the patient-specific musculoskeletal model developed provides a reliable framework for assessing new implant designs, and effect of surgical techniques on knee biomechanics following arthroplasty.
Incorporation of MR Structural Information in Diffuse Optical Tomography using Helmholtz Type Regularization (2006)

A framework to incorporate analytical forms of structural MRI information is presented. This type of information gives superior quantitative results compared to standard NIR tomography and the covariance forms preserve the structural shape function expected.
Parallel standard cell placement algorithms with quality equivalent to simulated annealing (1988)

An algorithm called heuristic spanning creates parallelism by simultaneously investigating different areas of the plausible combinatorial search space. It is used to replace the high-temperature portion of simulated annealing. The low-temperature portion of simulated annealing is sped up by a technique called section annealing, in which placement is geographically divided and the pieces are assigned to separate processors. Each processor generates simulated-annealing-style moves for the cells in its area and communicates the moves to other processors as necessary. Heuristic spanning and section annealing are shown experimentally to converge to the same final cost function as regular simulated annealing. These approaches achieve significant speedup over uniprocessor simulated annealing, giving high-quality VLSI placement of standard cells in a short period of time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Insight into Multiple Partonic Interactions and Production of Charmonia\n in p+p Collisions at the LHC energies (2018)

At the LHC energies, the underlying observables are of major topic of\ninterest in high multiplicity $p+p$ collisions. Multiple Parton Interactions\n(MPI) is one of them, in which several interactions occur in a single $p+p$\ncollision. It is believed that MPI is the main reason behind the high\nmultiplicity in $p+p$ collisions at the LHC. It was believed that MPI has only\neffect to the soft particle production, but recent ALICE result reveals that it\ncan also affect the hard-particle production. In such case, the self normalized\nyield of heavy particle like $\\rm J/\\psi$ shows an increasing trend with event\nmultiplicity. In the present contribution, we discuss the energy and\nmultiplicity dependence of charmonium production to understand the effects of\nMPI on charmonium production.\n
Palladium and Gold–Palladium Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide (2008)

Today hydrogen peroxide is produced by an indirect process in which an alkyl anthraquinone is sequentially hydrogenated and oxidized. In this way hydrogen and oxygen are kept separate during the manufacturing process. A process where molecular oxygen is directly hydrogenated could be preferred if control of the sequential hydrogenation can be achieved, particularly if high rates can be attained under intrinsically safe, non-explosive conditions. Herein we describe recent progress in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using supported palladium and gold-palladium alloy catalysts and consider some of the problems that have to be overcome.
Syntheses of poly(siloxane)-supported zirconocene catalysts and application to olefin polymerizations (1998)

Poly(siloxane)s with bisindenyl, bisfluorenyl, bis(1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl), bis(2,4,7-trimethylindenyl) and monoindenylmethyl side groups were synthesized by condensation of the corresponding dichlorosilanes and water. For reference, diphenylsilanediol or hydroquinone was also employed in place of water. A series of poly(siloxane)-supported zirconocene catalysts were then prepared from these precursors and applied to ethene and propene polymerizations as well as to the copolymerization of ethene with 1-octene in the presence of methylalumoxane. The polymerization activity of the new supported metallocenes depends drastically upon the substituents in the siloxane backbone. The zirconocene catalysts supported on poly(bisindenylsiloxane) and poly(bisfluorenylsiloxane) give the highest activities for ethene and propene polymerizations, respectively. The weight-average molecular weights of the polymers are also markedly dependent upon the substituents. On the other hand, the molecular mass distributions (MMD) are generally not so sharp, suggesting that the active species formed in these supported catalysts are not uniform. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 421–428, 1998
Thermal Analysis of a 3D Flip-chip Fan-out Wafer Level Package (fcFOWLP) for High Bandwidth 3D Integration (2019)

In this paper, we present a novel 3D flip chip fanout packaging (fcFOWLP) approach which includes Si bridges embedded in the redistribution layer (RDL) and 3D inserts with through-Si vias (TSVs) to provide high bandwidth connections to the second tier of the package. The thermal analysis of the proposed packaging concept is performed for a 15 × 15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> FOWLP, which contains a 5 × 7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> logic die in the bottom layer and two 7 × 7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> memory dies in the top. 3D finite element simulations with detailed package models have been performed for the proposed flip-chip fan-out packages with 3D-inserts and Si bridges and for the standard 3D-FOWLP packages. The modeling study shows a lower thermal resistance for all components due to the thinner redistribution layer, but a higher thermal coupling between logic and memory chips for the fcFOWLP compared to the standard packages. Benchmarking of the package thermal performance in a typical mobile application, shows a good overall performance of the proposed package compared to other 3D packaging concepts for the integration of logic and memory.
SNP Genotyping by Unlabeled Probe Melting Analysis (2008)

Fluorescent nucleic acid detection in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) generally uses oligonucleotide probes labeled with covalently attached dyes. However, unlabeled oligonucleotides in the presence of saturating DNA dyes can also serve as hybridization probes. The DNA dye, LCGreen Plus, and a 3'-blocked unlabeled probe are added before amplification, and asymmetric PCR is performed at a 1:5 to 1:10 primer ratio. After PCR is complete, fluorescent melting curves reveal both probe melting at low temperature and amplicon melting at high temperature. After background removal, the melting temperature(s) of the probe/target duplex specific to the allele(s) amplified are revealed. Probes between 20 and 40 bp with T(m)s between 50 and 85 degrees C are effective. The method requires only three standard oligonucleotides and endpoint fluorescence melting. No real-time PCR or allele-specific amplification is needed. Unlabeled probes are inexpensive, provide the sequence specificity of probes, and allow simultaneous identification of multiple alleles by melting analysis.
Purification and properties of a HeLa cell enzyme able to remove the 5'-terminal protein from poliovirus RNA. (1980)

Using a rapid phenol extraction assay, an enzyme was purified from uninfected HeLa cells that can cleave the 5'-terminal protein (VPg) from poliovirus RNA. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts had enzymes with similar behavior. A polypeptide of molecular weight 27,000 was the major one present in the purified preparation. Assuming that this protein is the enzyme, a very low turnover number was calculated for it. The purified enzyme would cleave the tyrosine-phosphate bond linking VPg to poliovirus RNA with minimal degradation of the RNA or of VPg. If the RNA was first treated with proteinase K to degrade VPg, leaving a small peptide on the RNA, this peptide could also be removed by the enzyme. If the RNA was degraded with T1 RNase, leaving VPg attached to a nonanucleotide, the enzyme still would cleave off VPg, although incompletely. If the RNA was degraded completely, leaving either pUp or pU attached to VPg, the enzyme would not remove the nucleotides from the protein. Thus, for the enzyme to be active requires some length of polynucleotide attached to the protein but only a short peptide need be present for the enzyme to act.
Physics guided machine learning for multi-material decomposition of tissues from dual-energy CT scans of simulated breast models with calcifications (2023)

We introduce a physics guided data-driven method for image-based multi-material decomposition for dual-energy computed tomography (CT) scans. The method is demonstrated for CT scans of virtual human phantoms containing more than two types of tissues. The method is a physics-driven supervised learning technique. We take advantage of the mass attenuation coefficient of dense materials compared to that of muscle tissues to perform a preliminary extraction of the dense material from the images using unsupervised methods. We then perform supervised deep learning on the images processed by the extracted dense material to obtain the final multi-material tissue map. The method is demonstrated on simulated breast models with calcifications as the dense material placed amongst the muscle tissues. The physics-guided machine learning method accurately decomposes the various tissues from input images, achieving a normalized root-mean-squared error of 2.75%.
Improved Fabry‐Pérot Electromagnetic Material Characterization: Application and Results (2020)

Abstract While several mm‐wave and sub‐THz frequency bands are being proposed for next generation wireless systems to meet the increasing traffic demand, the electromagnetic properties of many common use materials at those frequencies still need to be determined. The evaluation of such properties is important for the design and deployment of future wireless networks. Recently, a simple method based on Fabry‐Pérot resonance has been proposed to address the need of easy material characterization at mm‐wave frequencies. In this study, the method has been improved and applied to the characterization of several materials at mm‐wave and sub‐THz frequencies, in order to assess its reliability, usability, and accuracy in practical cases. The method is shown to achieve a good accuracy level despite the very simple measurement setup and the great flexibility. However, some application limitations are highlighted and discussed in the paper. A method for electromagnetic material characterization based on an improved Fabry‐Pérot technique is presented.
Chromosome-length genome assemblies of six legume species provide insights into genome organization, evolution, and agronomic traits for crop improvement (2021)

This study reports chromosome-length genome assemblies of six legume species and demonstrates the utility of these assemblies in crop improvement. The genomic resources developed here will have significant role in accelerating genetic improvement applications of legume crops.
Toll-like receptor stimulation differentially regulates vasoactive intestinal peptide type 2 receptor in macrophages (2009)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was originally isolated as a vasodilator intestinal peptide, then as a neuropeptide. In the immune system, VIP is described as an endogenous macrophage-deactivating factor. VIP exerts its immunological actions in a paracrine and/or autocrine manner, through specific receptors. However, very little is known about the molecular regulation of VIP type 2 receptor (VPAC(2)) in the immune system. We now report that different toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands selectively regulate the VPAC(2) receptor gene and show a gene repression system controlled by key protein kinase signalling cascades in macrophages. VPAC(2) gene expression is regulated by gram-positive (TLR2 ligands) and gram-negative bacteria wall constituents (TLR4 ligands). Moreover, VPAC(2) is tightly regulated: TLR2- or TLR2/6- but not TLR2/1-mediated mechanisms are responsible for the induction of VPAC(2). TLR stimulation by viral or bacterial nucleic acids did not modify the VPAC(2) mRNA levels. Remarkably, imiquimod--a synthetic TLR7 ligand--led to a potent up-regulation of VPAC(2) gene expression. TLR5 stimulation by flagellin present in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria did not affect VPAC(2) mRNA. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity accounted for the TLR4-mediated induction of VPAC(2) gene expression. Surprisingly, our data strongly suggest for the first time a tightly repressed control of VPAC(2) mRNA induction by elements downstream of MAPK kinase 1/2, PI3K/Akt, and particularly Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase signalling pathways.
Sintering with Rigid Inclusions: Pair Interactions (1990)

The interaction between two spherical, rigid inclusions in an infinite, linearly viscous, densifying medium has been studied. The stresses in the vicinity of the two spheres are highly anisotropic, with significantly enhanced rates of densification in the gap between these particles. A pairwise‐additive approximation for the densification rate of the composite is presented and compared with the composite‐sphere and self‐consistent models described by Scherer.
Workshop on Collaborative Information Seeking (2009)

Although most digital information-seeking tools are designed for solo use, studies have shown that groups of many types (e.g., students, families, and knowledge workers) have shared information needs that are not adequately served by status quo technologies. This workshop seeks to bring together researchers with backgrounds in CSCW, social computing, information retrieval, library sciences, and HCI to discuss the research challenges associated with the emerging field of collaborative information seeking. This workshop will serve as an opportunity to make connections with researchers with diverse backgrounds, to learn about participants’ works-in-progress, and to brainstorm on topics of mutual interest, such as developing standardized evaluation tasks for collaborative information seeking systems and considering how new media such as social networking and microblogging tools can play a role in collaborative information seeking. ACM Classification
Source Address Dependent Route Information Option for Router Advertisements (2015)

This document defines the Source Address Dependent Route Information
option for Router Advertisements, enabling source address dependent
routes to be installed in hosts by neighboring routers. It also adds a
new flag to the existing Route Information option for backward
compatibility purposes.
Dandelion-Like Microspherical MCM-22 Zeolite Using BP 2000 as a Hard Template (2018)

The chemistry between layered MWW zeolite and carbon black pearls (BP 2000) as an inexpensive hard template was investigated to develop a rational one-pot synthesis of MCM-22 microspheres. The characterization results showed that the insertion of BP 2000 in the gel synthesis did not substantially compromise the crystallinity and microporosity, and the microscopic analyses showed that BP 2000 played a key role in controlling the final morphology of the MCM-22 zeolite, creating beautiful dandelion-like microspherical particles. The morphology obtained is due to the tortuous shape of the hard template, the particular MWW particle crystals, the interaction with the external surface of the MWW zeolitic precursor, and the synthesis conditions. The stacking of MWW crystals with edge-to-face orientations generates meso-/macrovoids, allowing access to the interiors of the microspheres. The microspheres were homogeneous with sizes ranging from 6 to 8 μm with an increase of the external surface and a macroporous size distribution centered at 200 nm, which is two times that of the traditional MCM-22 zeolite.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow Coupling and Decarboxylation Reactions Promoted by Copper Tubing. (2011)

Abstract A commercially available copper tube flow reactor (CTFR) effects Ullmann condensations, Sonogashira couplings, and decarboxylation reactions without added metals, ligands, or reagents in greater than 90% yield in most cases examined.
Quantifying cell adhesion through forces generated by acoustic streaming (2022)

The strength of cell adhesion is important in understanding the cell's health and in culturing them. Quantitative measurement of cell adhesion strength is a significant challenge in bioengineering research. For this, the present study describes a system that can measure cell adhesion strength using acoustic streaming induced by Lamb waves. Cells are cultured on an ultrasound transducer using a range of preculture and incubation times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) just before the measurement. Acoustic streaming is then induced using several Lamb wave intensities, exposing the cells to shear flows and eventually detaching them. By relying upon a median detachment rate of 50 %, the corresponding detachment force, or force of cell adhesion, was determined to be on the order of several nN, consistent with previous reports. The stronger the induced shear flow, the more cells were detached. Further, we employed a preculture time of 8 to 24 h and a PBS incubation time of 0 to 60 min, producing cell adhesion forces that varied from 1.2 to 13 nN. Hence, the developed system can quantify cell adhesion strength over a wide range, possibly offering a fundamental tool for cell-based bioengineering.
Amino-Functionalized Polyethylene for Enhancing the Adhesion between Polyolefins and Polyurethanes (2011)

Primary and secondary amino-functionalized polyethylenes were synthesized from commercially available maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene by reaction with mono-tert-butoxycarbonyl-protected diamines, N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,6-diaminohexane (tBocHMDA), and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-ethyl-1,6-diaminohexane (tBocEtHMDA) followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The structures of amino-functionalized polyethylenes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies, and the data compared favorably to that of the corresponding model compounds. The amino-functionalized polymers showed significantly improved adhesive strength toward thermoplastic polyurethanes as compared to the parent maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene.
Principles and problems in testing for AIDS (1987)

J. Barbara and R. J. S. Duncan, Anal. Proc., 1987, 24, 176 DOI: 10.1039/AP9872400176
Wave-Equation Deconvolution: a Short-Period Demultiple Tool for Streamer, Obn and Land Environments (2022)

Preview this article: Wave-Equation Deconvolution: a Short-Period Demultiple Tool for Streamer, Obn and Land Environments, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/fb/40/12/fb2022102-1.gif
An Evolutionarily Conserved Positively Charged Amino Acid in the Putative Membrane-Spanning Domain of the Foamy Virus Envelope Protein Controls Fusion Activity (2000)

Foamy viruses (FVs) are highly fusogenic, and their replication induces massive syncytium formation in infected cell cultures which is believed to be mediated by expression of the envelope (Env) protein. The FV Env is essential for virus particle egress. The unusually long putative membrane-spanning domain (MSD) of the transmembrane subunit carries dispersed charged amino acids and has an important function for particle envelopment. To better understand the capsid-envelope interaction and Env-mediated cell fusion, we generated a variety of FV MSD mutations. C-terminal deletions revealed the cytoplasmic domain to be dispensable but the full-length MSD to be required for fusogenic activity. The N-terminal 15 amino acids of the MSD were found to be sufficient for membrane anchorage and promotion of FV particle release. Expression of wild-type Env protein rarely induced syncytia due to intracellular retention. Coexpression with FV Gag-Pol resulted in particle export and a dramatic increase in fusion activity. A nonconservative mutation of K(959) in the middle of the putative MSD resulted in increased fusogenic activity of Env in the absence of Gag-Pol due to enhanced cell surface expression as well as structural changes in the mutant proteins. Coexpression with Gag-Pol resulted in a further increase in the fusion activity of mutant FV Env proteins. Our results suggest that an interaction between the viral capsid and Env is required for FV-induced giant-cell formation and that the positive charge in the MSD is an important determinant controlling intracellular transport and fusogenic activity of the FV Env protein.
Exploiting Jamming Attacks for Energy Harvesting in Massive MIMO Systems (2021)

In this paper, the performance of an RF energy harvesting scheme for multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is investigated in the presence of multiple active jammers. The key idea is to exploit the jamming transmissions as an energy source to be harvested at the legitimate users. To this end, the achievable uplink sum rate expressions are derived in closed-form for two different antenna configurations. An optimal time-switching policy is also proposed to ensure user-fairness in terms of both harvested energy and achievable rate. Besides, the essential trade-off between the harvested energy and achievable sum rate are quantified in closed-form. Our analysis reveals that the massive MIMO systems can make use of RF signals of the jamming attacks for boosting the amount of harvested energy at the served users. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the derived closed-form expressions over Monte-Carlo simulations.