gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p21WAF1is component of a positive feedback loop that maintains the p53 transcriptional program (2011)

The regulation of p53 activity through the MDM2 negative feedback loop is driven in part by an extrinsic ATM-pulse that maintains p53 oscillations in response to DNA damage. We report here that the p53 pathway has evolved an intrinsic positive feedback loop that is maintained by the p53-inducible gene product p21(WAF1). p21-null cancer cells have defects in p53 protein turnover, reductions in MDM2-mediated degradation of p53, and reduced DNA damage-induced ubiquitination of p53. TLR3-IRF1 or ATM-dependent signaling to p53 is defective in p21-null cells and complementation of the p21 gene in p21-null cancer cells restores the p53 transcriptional response. The mechanism of p53 inactivity in p21-null cells is linked to a p53 protein equilibrium shift from chromatin into cytosolic fractions and complementation of the p21 gene into p21-null cells restores the nuclear localization of p53. A loss of p53 transcriptional function in murine B-cells heterozygous or homozygous null for p21 highlights a p21-gene dosage effect that maintains the full p53 transcriptional response. ATM inhibition results in nuclear exclusion of p53 highlighting a positive genetic interaction between ATM and p21. P21 protein oscillates in undamaged proliferating cells, and reductions of p21 protein using siRNA eliminate the DNA damage-induced p53 pulse. The p53 transcription program has evolved a negative feedback loop maintained by MDM2 that is counteracted by a positive feedback loop maintained by ATM-p21 the balance of which controls the specific activity of p53 as a transcription factor.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aziridination of α‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Terminal Aziridines (2010)

Abstract The first example of a highly enantioselective organocatalytic aziridination of α‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is presented. The reaction is catalyzed by simple chiral amines and gives access to highly functional terminal azirdines containing an α‐tertiary amine stereocenter in high yields and enantiomeric ratios (95.5:4.5–98:2).
The assessment of genomic alterations using DNA arrays following traumatic brain injury: a review. (2001)

Recent advances in DNA microarray technology have enabled the simultaneous evaluation of thousands of genes and the subsequent generation of massive amounts of biological data relevant to injury or diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). This technology has the potential to bridge the gap between molecular and systems neuroscience by efficiently revealing the discrete molecular aspects underlying the perturbations of complex systemic insults such as those resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). One of the more intriguing and as of yet not understood aspects of TBI that can be efficiently explored with DNA microarrays, is the sequence of molecular events that results in pronounced cell death in specific areas of the brain. The elucidation of these changes in gene expression underlying the mechanism of cell death following brain injury is of central importance in the design of future therapeutic agents. This review focuses on the technical aspects of microarray manufacture (photolithography, microspotting, and ink jet technology) and their utility in elucidating the molecular sequelae of brain injury.
The Air Force Manufacturing Technology Laser Peening Initiative (2002)

Laser peening has been demonstrated to be a unique and valuable method to increase the resistance of aircraft gas turbine engine compressor and fan blades to foreign object damage (FOD) and improve high cycle fatigue (HCF) life. Laser peening is also known as the LaserPeen process (LPP) or laser shock processing (LSP). LaserPeen processing's high value as a surface enhancement process to mitigate high cycle fatigue failures is driving e fforts to expand its application from gas turbine engines to aircraft structures, land vehicles, weapon systems, and for general industrial use. One of the major impediments to the broad acceptance and use of the LaserPeen process has been high processing costs with relatively low throughput. Great strides are being made to significantly decrease laser peening costs and increase throughput, thanks to three important Air Force ManTech (manufacturing technology) programmes being conducted at LSP Technologies, Inc. (LSPT). Several key issues are being addressed to meet ManTech goals to lower costs and increase throughput, which include the development of production quality laser peening services and equipment and the expansion of the end user base for this technology. Additionally, a fourth ManTech programme is being conducted by Universal Technology Corporation (UTC) in conjunction with LSPT, Pratt &amp; Whitney, and Howmet. The objective of this programme is to demonstrate that expensive wrought turbine engine blades can be replaced with low cost cast blades, which have been LaserPeen processed. SE / S214
How Does the Task Landscape Affect MAML Performance? (2020)

Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) has become increasingly popular for training models that can quickly adapt to new tasks via one or few stochastic gradient descent steps. However, the MAML objective is significantly more difficult to optimize compared to standard non-adaptive learning (NAL), and little is understood about how much MAML improves over NAL in terms of the fast adaptability of their solutions in various scenarios. We analytically address this issue in a linear regression setting consisting of a mixture of easy and hard tasks, where hardness is related to the rate that gradient descent converges on the task. Specifically, we prove that in order for MAML to achieve substantial gain over NAL, (i) there must be some discrepancy in hardness among the tasks, and (ii) the optimal solutions of the hard tasks must be closely packed with the center far from the center of the easy tasks optimal solutions. We also give numerical and analytical results suggesting that these insights apply to two-layer neural networks. Finally, we provide few-shot image classification experiments that support our insights for when MAML should be used and emphasize the importance of training MAML on hard tasks in practice.
Regioselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols Using the Mislow-Evans Rearrangement: A Theoretical Rationalization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols Using the Mislow-Evans Rearrangement: A Theoretical RationalizationDeborah K. Jones-Hertzog and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 21, 6682–6683Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00126a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00126a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views647Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Refractive error and preferential looking visual acuity in infants 12-24 months of age: year 2 of a longitudinal study. (1988)

This paper presents data from year 2 of a study assessing changes in visual acuity and refractive error in normal, healthy infants between birth and 24 months of age. Visual acuity and refractive error measurements were taken at 2-month intervals on 18 infants, 12-24 months of age. The acuity card preferential looking procedure and Mohindra's near retinoscopy were used for acuity and refractive error measurement. Response to the Stereo Fly was also observed. Mean acuity improved from 6.4 cycles per degree (cpd) (20/93) at 12 months to 20.5 cpd (20/29) at 24 months (SD = 0.5 octave). Refractive error remained in low hyperopia (X = 0.4D, SD = 0.5D). Amount and frequency of astigmatism showed little change. Response to the Stereo Fly improved from 0% at 12 months to 87% at 24 months. The acuity card procedure was easily accomplished, but more difficult with these children at 12-24 months of age than when previously tested between 0-12 months of age.
Detection of retinal blood vessel changes in multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography (2016)

Although retinal vasculitis is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), it is not known if MS is associated with quantitative abnormalities in retinal blood vessels (BVs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is suitable for examining the integrity of the anterior visual pathways in MS. In this paper we have compared the size and number of retinal blood vessels in patients with MS, with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON), and control subjects from the cross-sectional retinal images from OCT. Blood vessel diameter (BVD), blood vessel number (BVN), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were extracted from OCT images collected from around the optic nerves of 129 eyes (24 control, 24 MS + ON, 81 MS-ON) of 71 subjects. Associations between blood vessel metrics, MS diagnosis, MS disability, ON, and RNFLT were evaluated using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. MS eyes had a lower total BVD and BVN than control eyes. The effect was more pronounced with increased MS disability, and persisted in multivariate models adjusting for RNFLT and ON history. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of MS subjects had fewer retinal blood vessels than all control subjects. MS diagnosis, disability, and ON history were not associated with average blood vessel size. The relationship between MS and lower total BVD/BVN is not accounted for by RNFLT or ON. Further study is needed to determine the relationship between OCT blood vessel metrics and qualitative retinal blood vessel abnormalities in MS.
Data Acquisition for Real-Time Decision-Making under Freshness Constraints (2015)

The paper describes a novel algorithm for timely sensor data retrieval in resource-poor environments under freshness constraints. Consider a civil unrest, national security, or disaster management scenario, where a dynamic situation evolves and a decision-maker must decide on a course of action in view of latest data. Since the situation changes, so is the best course of action. The scenario offers two interesting constraints. First, one should be able to successfully compute the course of action within some appropriate time window, which we call the decision deadline. Second, at the time the course of action is computed, the data it is based on must be fresh (i.e., within some corresponding validity interval). We call it the freshness constraint. These constraints create an interesting novel problem of timely data retrieval. We address this problem in resource-scarce environments, where network resource limitations require that data objects (e.g., pictures and other sensor measurements pertinent to the decision) generally remain at the sources. Hence, one must decide on (i) which objects to retrieve and (ii) in what order, such that the cost of deciding on a valid course of action is minimized while meeting data freshness and decision deadline constraints. Such an algorithm is reported in this paper. The algorithm is shown in simulation to reduce the cost of data retrieval compared to a host of baselines that consider time or resource constraints. It is applied in the context of minimizing cost of finding unobstructed routes between specified locations in a disaster zone by retrieving data on the health of individual route segments.
End-to-End Learning of Fused Image and Non-Image Features for Improved Breast Cancer Classification from MRI (2021)

Breast cancer diagnosis is inherently multimodal. To assess a patient’s cancer status, physicians integrate imaging findings with a variety of clinical risk factor data. Despite this, deep learning approaches for automatic breast cancer classification often only utilize image data or non-image clinical data, but not both simultaneously. In this work, we implemented and compared strategies for the fusion of imaging and tabular non-image data in an end-to-end trainable manner, evaluating fusion at different stages in the model (fusing intermediate features vs. output probabilities) and with different operations (concatenation vs. addition vs. multiplication). This retrospective study utilized dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) data from 10,185 breast MRI examinations of 5,248 women. DCE-MRIs were reduced to 2D maximum intensity projections, split into single-breast images, then linked to a set of 18 non-image features including clinical indication and mam-mographic breast density. We first trained unimodal baseline models on images alone and non-image data alone. We then developed three multimodal fusion models that learn jointly from image and non-image data, evaluating performance by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and specificity at 95% sensitivity. The image-only baseline achieved an AUC of 0.849 (95% CI: 0.834, 0.864) and specificity at 95% sensitivity of 30.1% (95% CI: 23.1%, 37.0%), while the best-performing fusion model achieved an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.885, 0.909) and specificity of 49.1% (95% CI: 38.8%, 55.3%). Furthermore, all three fusion methods significantly outperformed both unimodal baselines with respect to AUC and specificity at 95% sensitivity. This work demonstrates in our dataset for breast cancer classification that incorporating non-image data with images can significantly improve predictive performance and that fusion of intermediate learned features is superior to fusion of final probabilities.
A survey On Smart Sensors (2024)

Tap into your incredible abilities to uncover a world of unimaginable achievement and do feats that surpass all expectations. In this incredible journey, your limitless, unrealized potential will be revealed and nurtured. Set off on a once-in-a-lifetime adventure that will change everything. Unleash the boundless potential of your imagination and embark on breathtaking journeys that will blow your mind. strands game In this fantastical world of limitless possibilities, you are about to embark on an astonishing journey of discovery. Get ready for an incredible adventure that will change the way you see the world forever. Get ready for an incredible journey that will take you away from the commonplace and into a world full of endless possibilities. Immerse yourself in the captivating world of gaming, where a wealth of information is waiting to be discovered and genuine connections are made. Experience the thrill of discovery as you learn the ins and outs of making lasting connections and the pure joy of exploring new places. You are about to go on a life-altering adventure that will change the course of your existence in ways you can't imagine. Enter a magical realm where your imagination can soar and your dreams will come true.
Laser fluorimetry. Sub-part-per-trillion detection of solutes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser fluorimetry. Sub-part-per-trillion detection of solutesA. Beatrice Bradley and Richard N. ZareCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2, 620–621Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00418a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00418a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IGCT Switching Behaviour Under Low Current Conditions (2018)

As MVDC technology is slowly finding its way into the area of energy distribution, there is a need for reliable, efficient, compact and low maintenance medium voltage DC-DC converters, as a counterpart to AC transformers. Given the typical operating conditions and the design practices, IGCT manufacturers have paid, so far, little attention to the switch's behaviour under low loads (below 10% of the device rated current) and this information is mostly unavailable in the datasheets. Low current turn-off performance of the IGCT, typical to some resonant converters, is explored throughout this paper, supported by TCAD simulations and test results obtained from a dedicated test setup. These tests show the prolonged duration of the turn-off process as the turn-off current decreases, which must be correctly taken into account during converter design.
RF performance and effect of calibration in smart antenna system (2005)

This work presents the RF performance and effect of phase and amplitude error calibration in a smart antenna system based on WCDMA. We focus on the design and implementation of the RF subsystem and suggest a phase and amplitude error calibration method for the smart antenna system. The RF subsystem consists of an 8-element array antenna, RF front-end, high power amplifier, RF transceiver, digital IF transceiver, and the digital calibration unit which can support switched and adaptive beamforming simultaneously. Experimental results are shown for RF performance and we propose phase and amplitude error calibration at the analog part which can mitigate the amount of DSP in the digital calibration unit.
A simplified model of a common mode choke coil for 3D field simulators (2012)

We studied a CMC model with a one-turn toroidal core, which is easily used in 3D field simulators. The calculation model of a CMC differs from the actual shape, so we need to correct the CMC's characteristics. When we calculated the noise-suppressing effect of the CMC, we used relative permeability, which differs from the actual value, to approximate the actual characteristics of a CMC. From the comparison of calculated results with measurement results, the calculated results were comparable to the measurement results. We confirmed the validity of our model.
Low-Temperature Deposition of Undoped Ceria Thin Films in scCO2 As Improved Interlayers for IT-SOFC (2011)

Cerium oxide films were deposited onto various yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes using supercritical fluid deposition (SFD) in a cold wall reactor. Deposition of ceria thin films (20–240 nm) was carried out via hydrolysis of a Ce precursor at 250–300 °C (typically 30 min) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). The as-deposited films were continuous, dense and crystalline. They exhibited some carbon contamination which was eliminated in all cases by postannealing the films at 400 °C. Film microstructure depends on the hydrolysis conditions (water to cerium molar ratio), on the substrate nature (Si wafers or YSZ pellets) and on the YSZ pellet thickness (100 μm or 1 mm). Ceria films were then used as interlayers for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) between the YSZ electrolyte and the Nd2NiO4+δ cathode layer subsequently deposited. The electrochemical properties of the SOFC symmetrical half cells were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The presence of the undoped ceria layer deposited in scCO2 lowers the resistance of the cell, compared both to cells with an optimized doped ceria layer deposited by screen printing and to cells without any interlayer.
A shotgun sampling solution for the common input problem in neural connectivity inference (2013)

Inferring connectivity in neuronal networks remains a key challenge in statistical neuroscience. The `common input' problem presents the major roadblock: it is difficult to reliably distinguish causal connections between pairs of observed neurons from correlations induced by common input from unobserved neurons. Since available recording techniques allow us to sample from only a small fraction of large networks simultaneously with sufficient temporal resolution, naive connectivity estimators that neglect these common input effects are highly biased. This work proposes a `shotgun' experimental design, in which we observe multiple sub-networks briefly, in a serial manner. Thus, while the full network cannot be observed simultaneously at any given time, we may be able to observe most of it during the entire experiment. Using a generalized linear model for a spiking recurrent neural network, we develop scalable approximate Bayesian methods to perform network inference given this type of data, in which only a small fraction of the network is observed in each time bin. We demonstrate in simulation that, using this method: (1) The shotgun experimental design can eliminate the biases induced by common input effects. (2) Networks with thousands of neurons, in which only a small fraction of the neurons is observed in each time bin, could be quickly and accurately estimated. (3) Performance can be improved if we exploit prior information about the probability of having a connection between two neurons, its dependence on neuronal cell types (e.g., Dale's law), or its dependence on the distance between neurons.