gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extreme Room Temperature Compression and Bending in Ferroelectric Oxide Pillars (2021)

Abstract Plastic deformation in ceramic materials is normally only observed in nanometre-sized samples. However, we have observed unprecedented levels of plasticity (&gt;50% plastic strain) and excellent elasticity (6% elastic strain) in perovskite oxide Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PIN-PMN-PT), under compression along &lt;100&gt; pc pillars up to 2.1 μm in diameter. The extent of this deformation is much higher than has previously been reported for ceramic materials, and the sample size at which plasticity is observed is almost an order of magnitude larger. Bending tests also revealed over 8% flexural strain. Plastic deformation occurred by slip along {110} &lt;110&gt;. Calculations indicate that the resulting strain gradients will give rise to extreme flexoelectric polarization. First principles models predict that a high concentration of oxygen vacancies (Vo) weaken the covalent/ionic bonds, giving rise to the unexpected plasticity. Mechanical testing on Vo-rich Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT confirmed this prediction. These findings will facilitate the design of plastic ceramic materials and the development of flexoelectric-based nano-electromechanical systems.
A programmable pipeline for multi-material fabrication (2014)

Thesis: S.M. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
Les EHPAD entre processus victimaire et rédemption (2019)

Cet article interroge la prise en charge de la personne âgée en EHPAD dans la mesure où elle résulte d’une activité professionnelle complexe. Celle-ci est approchée à partir du concours de trois positionnements complémentaires. D’abord, l’organisation qui représente l’institution d’accueil, puis l’individu salarié, en réalité le professionnel, et enfin l’équipe constituée par un ensemble de professionnels, qui effectue auprès des résidents le travail de prise en charge collective. Entre ces trois pôles, nous définissons les processus qui déterminent leurs relations conjuguées. Dans le cadre d’une question sociétale majeure aujourd’hui, concernant tant la qualité de la prise en charge de la personne âgée dépendante que la qualité de vie au travail des professionnels de ce type d’accompagnement, notre analyse met notamment en évidence un double processus victimaire ciblé vers l’équipe. Pour autant, sans immobiliser l’activité cette situation permet à l’équipe de fédérer le désir de réussir, tous ensemble, car le bénéfice est à la fois partagé et promoteur du bien-agir et du bien-être.
Range demonstration of an ultrawideband, fiber-optic, array transmitter with dynamic null steering (2003)

A novel technique for dynamically forming and steering ultrawideband nulls in the far-field pattern of a time-steered array antenna is demonstrated. The transmitter system is based upon a fiber-optic dispersive prism design which generates an ultrawideband transmit beam as well as the required nulling waveform which is then properly time-steered. A four-element system is demonstrated in a compact antenna range showing null depths in excess of 15 dB over the 4 to 18 GHz bandwidth of the system for various main beam and null steering angles.
Class actions: The flood that never came (2018)

After 25 years of class actions in Australia, it is worth reviewing whether the predictions made – that part IVA of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 would result in an Americanised litigious culture and a flood of spurious claims – came to pass. This article argues that the flood was more of a trickle and that Australia's unique combination of cost shifting rules, contingency fees and judicial supervision have mitigated against the deluge. It takes the position that Australia has struck the right balance between access to justice and protection against vexatious or unmeritorious claims.
Alteration of Mesodermal Cell Differentiation by EWS / FLI - 1 , the Oncogene Implicated in Ewing's Sarcoma (2002)

The chimeric fusion gene EWS/FLI-1 is detected in most cases of Ewing's sarcoma (ES), the second most common malignant bone tumor of childhood. Although 80% of ES tumors develop in skeletal sites, the remainder can arise in almost any soft tissue location. The lineage of the cell developing the EWS/FLI-1 gene fusion has not been fully characterized but is generally considered to be of either mesenchymal or neural crest origin. To study this oncogene in a conceptually relevant target cell, EWS/FLI-1 was introduced into the murine cell line C2C12, a myoblast cell line capable of differentiation into muscle, bone, or fat. In this cellular context, EWS/FLI-1 profoundly inhibited the myogenic differentiation program. The block in C2C12 myogenic differentiation required the nuclear localization and DNA-binding functions of EWS/FLI-1 and was mediated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional suppression of the myogenic transcription factors MyoD and myogenin. Interestingly, C2C12-EWS/FLI-1 cells constitutively expressed alkaline phosphatase, a bone lineage marker, and were alkaline phosphatase positive by histochemistry but showed no other evidence of bone lineage commitment. Consistent with recent findings in human ES tumor cell lines, C2C12-EWS/FLI-1 cells constitutively expressed cyclin D1 and demonstrated decreased expression of the cell cycle regulator p21(cip1), even under differentiation conditions and at confluent density. This C2C12-EWS/FLI-1 cell model may assist in the identification of novel differentially expressed genes relevant to ES and provide further insight into the cell(s) of origin developing ES-associated genetic fusions.
Data from Antibody-Maytansinoid Conjugates Are Activated in Targeted Cancer Cells by Lysosomal Degradation and Linker-Dependent Intracellular Processing (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Antibody-drug conjugates are targeted anticancer agents consisting of a cytotoxic drug covalently linked to a monoclonal antibody for tumor antigen–specific activity. Once bound to the target cell-surface antigen, the conjugate must be processed to release an active form of the drug, which can reach its intracellular target. Here, we used both biological and biochemical methods to better define this process for antibody-maytansinoid conjugates. In particular, we examined the metabolic fate in cells of huC242-maytansinoid conjugates containing either a disulfide linker (huC242-SPDB-DM4) or a thioether linker (huC242-SMCC-DM1). Using cell cycle analysis combined with lysosomal inhibitors, we showed that lysosomal processing is required for the activity of antibody-maytansinoid conjugates, irrespective of the linker. We also identified and characterized the released maytansinoid molecules from these conjugates, and measured their rate of release compared with the kinetics of cell cycle arrest. Both conjugates are efficiently degraded in lysosomes to yield metabolites consisting of the intact maytansinoid drug and linker attached to lysine. The lysine adduct is the sole metabolite from the thioether-linked conjugate. However, the lysine metabolite generated from the disulfide-linked conjugate is reduced and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-methylated to yield the lipophilic and potently cytotoxic metabolite, &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-methyl-DM4. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of action of antibody-maytansinoid conjugates in general, and more specifically, identify a biochemical mechanism that may account for the significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy observed with disulfide-linked conjugates. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4426-33)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Compressed Spectrum Sensing Using Sparse Recovery Convergence Patterns through Machine Learning Classification (2019)

Despite the well-known success of sub-Nyquist sampling in reducing the hardware and computational costs of spectrum sensing, it still has the shortcoming of requiring a pre-determined spectrum sparsity level. This paper proposes an algorithm for sub-Nyquist wide-band spectrum sensing addressing this shortcoming. The proposed algorithm divides the spectrum into narrow, contagious frequency subbands and learns a subband dictionary for each subband. A subband dictionary is well-suited for the representation of signals in its corresponding subband. A compressed version of the received signal is sparsely coded over each subband dictionary. We show that the convergence patterns over a specific dictionary can be used for identifying the occupancy of its underlying subband. Therefore, the convergence patterns obtained by the gradient operator are used as distinctive classifying features. Then, a machine learning-based classifier is trained over these features and used to make the decision about spectrum occupancy. As the interest is only to characterize sparse coding convergence patterns, we alleviate the need for a specific or an estimated sparsity level. Besides, using subband dictionaries at different frequencies omits the need for a frequency-splitting filterbank. The proposed algorithm achieves significant performance improvements in terms of the probability-of-detection and false-alarm-rate measures. This result is validated through simulations with various operating scenarios.
Low Resistance Contact and K-Band High power performance for AlGaN/GaN HJFETs (2002)

We investigated the resistivity of Ti/Al contact to n-AlGaN/GaN heterostructures changing the annealing temperature and the Al-fraction for high performance short channel FETs. A low resistivity of 1×10-7 Ω cm2 was obtained at an annealing temperature of 650°C with a 10nm Ti and 200nm Al structure for 1019cm-3 doped n-AlGaN/GaN. The mechanism of ohmic contact is studied by TEM observation. Surface oxide is removed when the thin Ti layer makes Al3Ti grains during 650°C annealing. After the oxide is removed, pure Al metal makes a low resistance contact to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. K-Band Microwave performance of AlGaN/GaN HJFETs grown by MOVPE on sapphire substrate is also reported. A 0.25-μm T-shaped gate is fabricated by two-layer resist process using electron-beam lithography. The fabricated devices have an intrinsic cut-off frequency fT of 57GHz and an intrinsic maximum oscillation frequency fmax of 114GHz. The continuous wave output power density is 1.58W/mm with 5.9dB of gain and 11% power added efficiency at 25GHz. This output power density is about two times higher than GaAs-based pseudomorphic FETs.
Hsp27 Inhibition with OGX-427 Sensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Erlotinib and Chemotherapy (2015)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent cause of death from cancer worldwide. Despite the availability of active chemotherapy regimens and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, all advanced patients develop recurrent disease after first-line therapy. Although Hsp27 is a stress-induced chaperone that promotes acquired resistance in several cancers, its relationship to treatment resistance in NSCLC has not been defined. Understanding adaptive responses of acquired resistance will help guide new strategies to control NSCLC. Hsp27 levels were evaluated in an HCC827 erlotinib-resistant-derived cell line (HCC-827Resistant), and sensitivity to erlotinib was examined in Hsp27-overexpressing A549 cells. The role of Hsp27 in both erlotinib and cytotoxic treatment resistance was evaluated in HCC-827 and A549 NSCLC cells using the Hsp27 antisense drug OGX-427. The effect of OGX-427 in combination with erlotinib was also assessed in mice bearing A549 xenografts. Hsp27 is induced by erlotinib and protects NSCLC cells from treatment-induced apoptosis, whereas OGX-427 sensitizes NSCLC cells to erlotinib. Interestingly, increased resistance to erlotinib was observed when Hsp27 was increased either in HCC827 erlotinib-resistant or overexpressing A549 cells. Combining OGX-427 with erlotinib significantly enhanced antitumor effects in vitro and delayed A549 xenograft growth in vivo. OGX-427 also significantly enhanced the activity of cytotoxic drugs used for NSCLC. These data indicate that treatment-induced Hsp27 contributes to the development of resistance, and provides preclinical proof-of-principle that inhibition of stress adaptive pathways mediated by Hsp27 enhances the activity of erlotinib and chemotherapeutics.
Evaluation of 3DICs and fabrication of monolithic interlayer vias (2013)

A compact model for interconnect length in homogeneous 3DICs is presented. The new model accounts for lateral TSV size, which is often much larger than the gate pitch, leading to TSV-induced gate blockage and potentially affecting the wire-length distribution. The impact of TSV diameter on maximum wirelength and wiring power is investigated, and systems with smaller vias are found to have better properties. Accordingly, fabrication results for nanoscale monolithically integrated copper vias are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of developing 3D systems with dense vertical integration which do not suffer from TSV-induced gate blockage.
Leucine-responsive regulatory protein-mediated repression of clp (encoding CS31A) expression by L-leucine and L-alanine in Escherichia coli (vol 185, pg 1886, 2003) (2003)

International audience
Design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor according toFreedomCAR specifications (2012)

Electric mobility is becoming in recent years a growing reality due to increase of the demand and cost of oil and the enviromental impact of conventional ICE (Internal Combustion Engine). This phenomena is becoming relevant in the western countries, that are usually large consumer but also also heavily dependent on foreign imports, especially for the transport sector: in the USA were born public-private cooperative research programs, the last called FreedomCAR, aimed at developing high efficiency and cost competitive technologies for electrification of private transport in which electric motors are the key devices. This research provide the description of the design of an high performance IPM (Interior Permanent Magnets) electric motor, according to the latest FreedomCAR 2020 targets, using an unconventional rotor with round shape polar islands; two different PMs configuration were considered, I-shape (radial magnetization) and V-shape. Both the machine are equipped with the same stator and a FSCW (Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding).
The design procedure was started from a preliminary analysis, used in order to define the main characteristics of the machine while, an analytical synthesis, had led us to define the main geometry dimensions. The tuning and detailed analysis of the machines was performed using FEA (Finite Element Analysis), with particular interest to the final evaluation of losses and efficiency.
The report shows the feasibility of this kind the machines, especially concerning the efficiency, that represent the most difficult constraint to achieve, and highlights also the benefits for using this unique rotor design
Hyaluronic Acid Macromer Molecular Weight Dictates the Biophysical Properties and in Vitro Cellular Response to Semisynthetic Hydrogels (2019)

In situ-forming hydrogels present a promising approach for minimally invasive cell transplantation and tissue regeneration. Among prospective materials, hyaluronic acid (HyA) has displayed great potential, owing to its inherent biocompatibility, biodegradation, and ease of chemical modification. However, current studies in the literature use a broad range of HyA macromer molecular weights (MWs) from <100 kDa to 1 MDa with no consensus regarding an optimal MW for a specific application. We investigated the effects of different HyA macromer MWs on key biophysical properties of semisynthetic hydrogels, such as viscosity, gelation time, shear storage modulus, molecular diffusion, and degradation. Using higher-MW HyA macromers leads to quicker gelation times and stiffer, more stable hydrogels with smaller mesh sizes. Assessment of the potential for HyA hydrogels to support network formation by encapsulated vascular cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells reveals key differences between HyA hydrogels dependent on macromer MW. These effects must be considered holistically to address the multifaceted, nonmonotonic nature of HyA MW on hydrogel behavior. Our study identified an intermediate HyA macromer MW of 500 kDa as providing optimal conditions for a readily injectable, in situ-forming hydrogel with appropriate biophysical properties to promote vascular cell spreading and sustain vascular network formation in vitro.
RuO2/MnO2 Nanorods As High Efficient Electrocatalyst of Lithium-Oxygen Battery (2016)

Electrocatalyst is the key component in Li-O 2 batteries and attracted extensive attention in recent years. It has demonstrated that carbon materials 1 , transitional metal oxides 2 , noble metals 3 , and Perovskite-type oxides 4 can present high catalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to facilitate decomposition of Li 2 O 2 . In order to explore high efficient electrocatalyst, in the present work, RuO 2 /MnO 2 nanorods were synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal reaction. Li-O 2 battery testing results demonstrated that the as-synthesized RuO 2 /MnO 2 nanorods exhibit excellent properties as electrocatalyst of oxygen cathode. The RuO 2 /MnO 2 nanorods could maintain a reversible capacity of 500 mAh g -1 in 75 cycles at a rate of 50mA g -1 , and a higher capacity of 4000 mAh g -1 in 20 cycles at a rate of 200mA g -1 . Moreover, the RuO 2 /MnO 2 nanorods present a much lower voltage polarization in charge/discharge processes than MnO 2 nanorods electrode does. The catalytic activities of RuO 2 /MnO 2 nanorods and MnO 2 nanorods were also compared by studies of rotating disk electrode (RDE). Furthermore, in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction and ex situ SEM were carried out to investigate the formation and decomposition of the discharge products Li 2 O 2 . Figure 1. (a)(b) In-situ XRD patterns of the electrode in discharge process for 20 h. (c) Charge/discharge curves of RuO 2 /MnO 2 nanorods at a rate of 50 mA g -1 . ACKNOWLEDGMENT: This work was financially supported by NSFC (Grant Nos. 21373008, 21321062, 21273184) REFERENCES: (1) Liu, T.; Leskes, M.; Yu, W.; Moore, A. J.; Zhou, L.; Bayley, P. M.; Kim, G.; Grey, C. P., Science 2015, 350, 530-533. (2) Zhang, P.; Sun, D.; He, M.; Lang, J.; Xu, S.; Yan, X., ChemSusChem 2015, 8, 1972-1979. (3) Bruce, P. G., Science 2012, 337, 563-566. (4) Xu, J. J.; Xu, D.; Wang, Z. L.; Wang, H. G.; Zhang, L. L.; Zhang, X. B., Angewandte Chemie 2013, 52, 3887-90. Figure 1
Amino acid sequence of a basic Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii phospholipase A2. Possible role of amino-terminal lysines in action on phospholipids of Escherichia coli (1986)

A basic (pI = 10.2) phospholipase A2 of the venom of the snake Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii is one of a few phospholipases A2 capable of hydrolyzing the phospholipids of Escherichia coli killed by a bactericidal protein purified from human or rabbit neutrophil granules. We have shown that modification of as many as 4 mol of lysine per mole of the phospholipase A2, either by carbamylation or by reductive methylation [Forst, S., Weiss, J., & Elsbach, P. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14055-14057], had no effect on catalytic activity toward extracted E. coli phospholipids or the phospholipids of autoclaved E. coli. In contrast, modification of 1 mol of lysine per mole of enzyme substantially reduced activity toward the phospholipids of E. coli killed by the neutrophil protein. To explore further the role of lysines in the function of this phospholipase A2, we determined the amino acid sequence of the enzyme and the incorporation of [14C]cyanate into individual lysines when, on average, 1 lysine per molecule of enzyme had been carbamylated. After incorporation of approximately 1 mol of [14C]cyanate per mole of protein, the phospholipase A2 was reduced, alkylated, and exhaustively carbamylated with unlabeled cyanate. The amino acid sequence was determined of the NH2-terminal 33 amino acids of the holoprotein and of peptides isolated after digestion with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease. The protein contains 122 amino acid residues, 17 of which are lysines. The NH2-terminal region is unique among more than 30 phospholipases A2 previously sequenced because of its high content of basic residues (His-1, Arg-6, and Lys-7, -10, -11, and -15).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media Nephrotoxicity in Kidney Impairment: The Physio-Pathological Conditions for the Perfect Murder (2021)

Gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) toxicity in patients with kidney disease is a concern for the possible development of systemic nephrogenic fibrosis and possible renal complications. This review focuses on the pathological mechanisms underlying the potential kidney toxicity of gadolinium. Gadolinium, as a free compound (Gd3+), is highly toxic in humans because it competes with divalent calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions, interfering in some relevant biologic processes. Its toxicity is blunted by the complexing of Gd3+ with a carrier, allowing its use in magnetic resonance imaging. The binding reaction between gadolinium and a carrier is thermodynamically reversible. Consequently, under some conditions, gadolinium can be released in the interstitial space as a free Gd3+ compound with the possibility of toxicity. Other metals such as iron, copper, and calcium can interfere with the binding between gadolinium and its carrier because they compete for the same binding site. This process is known as transmetallation. In patients with kidney impairment, conditions such as low clearance of the Gd-carrier complex, acid-base derangements, and high serum phosphorous can increase the presence of free Gd3+, leading to a higher risk for toxicity.
The Effect of Antibiotics, Primary and Secondary Closure on Clostridial Contaminated Open Fracture Wounds in Rats (1978)

In a study of experimentally induced open tibial or femoral fractures in rats, after either closing or leaving the wounds open, the animals were given: no antibiotic, cephalothin (Keflin), or penicillin. The rats with wounds closed primarily and receiving no antibiotics had the highest mortality rate (11 of 25) from experimentally produced clostridial myonecrosis. The lowest overall mortality rate (5 of 99) was found in the penicillin-treated groups. The higher mortality rate in the femur fracture groups was probably because of the large muscle mass of the thigh. The importance of ideal anaerobic conditions for producing experimental clostridial myonecrosis is emphasized.
Quantitative Principles for Precise Engineering of Sensitivity in Graphene Electrochemical Sensors (2018)

A major difficulty in implementing carbon-based electrode arrays with high device-packing density is to ensure homogeneous and high sensitivities across the array. Overcoming this obstacle requires quantitative microscopic models that can accurately predict electrode sensitivity from its material structure. Such models are currently lacking. Here, it is shown that the sensitivity of graphene electrodes to dopamine and serotonin neurochemicals in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measurements is strongly linked to point defects, whereas it is unaffected by line defects. Using the physics of point defects in graphene, a microscopic model is introduced that explains how point defects determine sensitivity. The predictions of this model match the empirical observation that sensitivity linearly increases with the density of point defects. This model is used to guide the nanoengineering of graphene structures for optimum sensitivity. This approach achieves reproducible fabrication of miniaturized sensors with extraordinarily higher sensitivity than conventional materials. These results lay the foundation for new integrated electrochemical sensor arrays based on nanoengineered graphene.