gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of a leucine analog on growth hormone processing and secretion by cultured cells (1991)

Bovine and rat growth hormones (bGH and rGH, respectively) possess signal peptides that direct the hormone to the secretory pathway and are proteolytically cleaved prior to secretion. Previous in vitro translation studies indicated that incorporation of the polar leucine analog beta-hydroxyleucine into de novo synthesized polypeptides inhibits signal peptide function. To test the effects of this analog on GH secretion by cultured animal cells, transfections of mouse L-cells with a bGH expression plasmid or metabolic labeling of endogenous rGH in anterior pituitary cells was performed in the absence or presence of beta-hydroxyleucine. Transient expression of bGH in mouse L-cells or endogenous expression of rGH in anterior pituitary cells resulted in an accumulation of GH in the culture medium. Treatment with beta-hydroxyleucine resulted in a block in secretion as evidenced by an accumulation of GHs within these cells. Amino-terminal sequencing of the intracellular form of the analog-substituted GHs demonstrated accurate signal peptide cleavage. In contrast, in vitro translations of bGH RNA performed in the presence of beta-hydroxyleucine and microsomal membranes resulted in the inhibition of signal peptide cleavage. The results suggest that beta-hydroxyleucine can uncouple signal peptide processing and protein secretion in cultured cells.
Architecting materials for extremal stiffness, yield and buckling strength (2022)

This paper proposes a methodology for architecting microstructures with extremal stiffness, yield, and buckling strength using topology optimization. The optimized microstructures reveal an interesting transition from simple lattice like structures for yield-dominated situations to hierarchical lattice structures for buckling-dominated situations. The transition from simple to hierarchical is governed by the relative yield strength of the constituent base material as well as the volume fraction. The overall performances of the optimized microstructures indicate that maximum strength is determined by the buckling strength at low volume fractions and yield strength at higher volume fractions, regardless of the base material's relative yield strength. The non-normalized properties of the optimized microstructures show that higher base material Young's modulus leads to both higher Young's modulus and strength of the architected microstructures. Furthermore, the polynomial order of the maximum strength lines with respect to mass density obtained from the optimized microstructures reduces as base material relative yield strength decreases, reducing from 2.3 for buckling dominated Thermoplastic Polyurethane to 1 for yield dominated steel microstructures.
Bounded concurrrent time-stamp systems are constructible (1989)

Concurrent time stamping is at the heart of solutions to some of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing. Based on concurrent-time-stamp-systems, elegant and simple solutions to core problems such as ƒcƒs-mutual-exclusion, construction of a multi-reader-multi-writer atomic register, probabilistic consensus,… were developed. Unfortunately, the only known implementation of a concurrent time stamp system has been theoretically unsatisfying, since it requires unbounded size time-stamps, in other words, unbounded memory. Not knowing if bounded concurrent-time-stamp-systems are at all constructible, researchers were led to constructing complicated problem-specific solutions to replace the simple unbounded ones. In this work, for the first time, a bounded implementation of a concurrent-time-stamp-system is presented. It provides a modular unbounded-to-bounded transformation of the simple unbounded solutions to problems such as above. It allows solutions to two formerly open problems, the bounded-probabilistic-consensus problem of Abrahamson [A88] and the ƒiƒo[email protected]@@@-exclusion problem of [FLBB85], and a more efficient construction of mrmw atomic registers.
A case for resource efficient prefetching in multicores (2014)

Hardware prefetching has proven very effective for hiding memory latency and can speed up some applications by more than 40%. However, this speedup comes at the cost of often prefetching a significant volume of useless data which wastes shared last level cache space and off-chip bandwidth. This directly impacts the performance of co-scheduled applications which compete for shared resources in multicores. This paper explores how a resource-efficient prefetching scheme can benefit performance by conserving shared resources in multicores. We present a framework that uses fast cache modeling to accurately identify memory instructions that benefit most from prefetching. The framework inserts software prefetches in the application only when they benefit performance, and employs cache bypassing whenever possible. These properties help reduce off-chip bandwidth consumption and last-level cache pollution. While single-thread performance remains comparable to hardware prefetching, the full advantage of the scheme is realized when several cores are used and demand for shared resources grows.
Advances in neuron-MOS applications (2002)

This paper shows how computationally-expensive problems like image processing can be handled in real time with little hardware by neuron-MOS (/spl upsi/MOS) circuit technology. In digital signal processing, real-world data (analog, massive in quantities, low-precision and ambiguous) are A/D converted upon acquisition, including inherent noise and distortion, and then are bit-by-bit computed based on rigorous Boolean algebra. In moving-image processing for instance, this requires extraordinary computational powers of DSPs and MPUs, making real-time response of electronic systems unrealistic. Introduction of analog processing would lessen the difficulty, but cost must be traded off for accuracy. Analog/digital merged computation using /spl upsi/MOS circuits features the flexibility of analog processing but preserving the rigorousness of digital. Highly-parallel analog processing is performed for a large volume of analog input data, that is immediately followed by the binary decision of /spl upsi/MOS gates, resulting in the output of digital codes. Real-world data are directly compressed to digital codes without A/D conversion. The power of this scheme is demonstrated in applications to motion vector search in a few hundred nanoseconds and real-time center-of-mass tracing of a moving object and to building real-time event recognition hardware.
High TMR dual-MTJ STT-MRAM design with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Conference Presentation) (2018)

STT-MRAM cell design with dual magnetic tunnel junctions (D-MTJ) is a novel design that show a factor of ~2 in switching performance compared to conventional MRAM design. However, the disadvantage is D-MTJ tends to show lower TMR. In this presentation, we demonstrate it's possible to achieve high TMR D-MTJ cell design without compromising its performance gain. We accomplished this by thinning down the secondary MgO barrier. We observe that when thinning down the secondary barrier, the device level TMR reaches a level close to conventional MRAM design of the same free layer while still preserving its high switching performance
FAST: Free Adaptive Super-Resolution via Transfer for Compressed Videos. (2016)

High resolution displays are increasingly popular, requiring most of the existing video content to be adapted to higher resolution. State-of-the-art super-resolution algorithms mainly address the visual quality of the output instead of real-time throughput. This paper introduces FAST, a framework to accelerate any image based super-resolution algorithm running on compressed videos. FAST leverages the similarity between adjacent frames in a video. Given the output of a super-resolution algorithm on one frame, the technique adaptively transfers it to the adjacent frames and skips running the super-resolution algorithm. The transferring process has negligible computation cost because the required information, including motion vectors, block size, and prediction residual, are embedded in the compressed video for free. In this work, we show that FAST accelerates state-of-the-art super-resolution algorithms by up to an order of magnitude with acceptable quality loss of up to 0.2 dB. Thus, we believe that the FAST framework is an important step towards enabling real-time super-resolution algorithms that upsample streamed videos for large displays.
Clinical Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Korean Patients with von Hippel-Lindau Disease Compared to Sporadic Bilateral or Multifocal Renal Cell Carcinoma (2009)

This study was done to analyze the clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Korean patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Between January 1996 and July 2008, 1,514 patients were diagnosed with RCC and 24 patients were diagnosed with VHL disease at our institute. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the 24 patients diagnosed with VHL. The mean age of patients with VHL was 39.2±12.6 yr; the mean age of patients with both VHL and RCC was 42.5±10.3 yr. Among the 24 patients with VHL, 7 patients had retinal angiomas, 11 had RCC, 16 had renal lesions, 18 had pancreatic lesions and 21 had cerebellar hemangioblastomas. There was no significant difference between survival rates of patients with VHL alone and those with VHL and RCC. However, cancer-specific survival rates were significantly different between patients with both VHL and RCC and patients with sporadic bilateral or multifocal RCC. In our Korean study, the incidence of RCC in patients with VHL disease is 45.8% and the incidence of VHL disease in patients with RCC is 0.73%. Due to the low overall incidence of VHL in Korea, extended multi-institutional studies are needed to establish the true characteristics of VHL disease.
Wetenschappelijk verantwoorde casusbeschrijvingen vragen om methodische documentatie (2018)

De maatschappelijke vraag naar onderbouwing van en evidentie voor vaktherapieen is aanleiding geweest om een documentatiemethode te ontwikkelen. De methode is gebaseerd op de CARE-AAT richtlijn voor publicatie van case reports en geoperationaliseerd met items afkomstig van
beroepsbeoefenaren, opleiders en methodologen.
De documentatiemethode, bruikbaar voor de disciplines kunstzinnige therapie beeldend, muziek en spraak/drama, is door zeven therapeuten in de praktijk gebruikt. Hij wordt volledig bevonden maar leidde slechts in een geval tot een dossier dat zonder meer bruikbaar is voor het schrijven van een wetenschappelijke casusbeschrijving. De documentatiemethode is verder geexpliciteerd op basis van de praktijkervaringen en zal in vervolgonderzoek verder ontwikkeld moeten worden.
Integrated electrical, optical, and thermal high density and compliant wafer-level chip I/O interconnections for gigascale integration (2004)

The integration of more than a billion transistors on a chip, or gigascale integration (GSI), imposes significant constraints on interconnection and packaging of such chips. Specifically, the need for hundreds of amperes of dc current, very high input/output (I/O) bandwidth, high heat removal capability, and the interconnection of Si chips with low-k interlayer dielectric to boards with higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) will challenge all aspects of conventional packaging and interconnection. A solution to the above described system level demands is the batch fabrication of high density and mechanically compliant electrical, optical, and thermal chip (I/O) interconnections at the wafer level. Such I/O interconnections are described in this paper.
Green Light Emitting Diodes for the Ultimate Solid-State Lighting (2022)

Cubic GaN is a promising platform for realizing high-efficiency green light emitting diodes, suitable for closing the green gap and enabling color-mixed solid-state lighting applications. Still, there are almost no studies on such LEDs and none showing how cubic GaN LED design rules compare to or differentiate against conventional hexagonal and nonpolar ones. Here, using the Open Boundary Quantum LED Simulator, we present design guidelines for highly efficient cubic green LEDs and detail the inherent advantages and design differences between polar, nonpolar, and cubic GaN LEDs.
Gonadotropin-induced up- and down-regulation of ovarian follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene expression in immature rats: effects of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and recombinant FSH. (1992)

The actions of gonadotropins on ovarian differentiation are associated with dynamic changes in gonadotropin receptor content, presumably due to modulation of receptor gene expression. The present studies used a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to obtain a rat FSH receptor cDNA fragment, followed by synthesis of a labeled cRNA probe to examine the regulation of FSH receptor mRNA levels during follicular maturation, ovulation, and luteinization. Northern blot analysis of ovarian RNA with the FSH receptor probe revealed two predominant hybridization signals of 7.0 and 2.5 kilobases (kb) as well as minor signals of 4.2 and 1.8 kb. Treatment of immature rats with PMSG (10 IU) to induce follicular development resulted in increased FSH receptor mRNA levels 24 h after treatment, with a further increase at 52 h, coincident with increased [125I]FSH binding. Subsequent treatment with an ovulatory dose of hCG decreased FSH binding and receptor mRNA levels by 6 h, with a maximal inhibition at 24 h after hCG. In luteinized ovaries obtained 3 and 5 days after hCG treatment, the 7.0-kb FSH receptor mRNA increased again, but no concomitant elevation of [125I]FSH binding was detected. We recently demonstrated that FSH treatment alone is capable of inducing follicular growth and ovulation, thus providing a unique model to evaluate the effects of FSH on regulation of its receptor gene. Immature hypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats were implanted with an osmotic minipump delivering recombinant human FSH (rcFSH; 4 IU/day) to stimulate follicle growth, followed 52 h later with a single injection (20 IU) of rcFSH to induce ovulation. Stimulation of follicular growth with rcFSH increased both FSH receptor binding and mRNA levels. In contrast, the ovulatory dose of rcFSH decreased FSH binding and receptor message levels within 12 h. Thus, gonadotropin regulation of ovarian FSH receptor content during follicular growth, ovulation, and luteinization is associated with similar changes in FSH receptor message levels. Also, studies using rcFSH demonstrate that both up- and down-regulation of FSH receptor gene expression can be induced by the homologous hormone at different stages of follicle development.
Application of (125I)(S)-5-Iodonicotine, a New Radioiodinated Ligand, in the Assay of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding in the Brain. (1995)

[125I](S)-5-Iodonicotine was prepared and its application in the assay of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the brain was studied. [125I](S)-5-Iodonicotine bound to the rat cortical membrane with high affinity (Kd, 15.0 nm). Various nicotinic cholinergic compounds showed competition with [125I](S)-5-iodonicotine for the binding sites in the rats cortical membrane, and the specificity of its binding was correlated well with that of [H3] cytisine (r = 0.98). These findings suggest that [125I](S)-5-iodonicotine binds to the same sites as [H3] cytisine and indicate that [125I](S)-5-iodonicotine can be applied as a brain nicotine receptor binding assay.
Lysine synthesis and catabolism are coordinately regulated during tobacco seed development. (1994)

The regulation of synthesis and accumulation of the essential amino acid lysine was studied in seeds of transgenic tobacco plants expressing, in a seed-specific manner, two feedback-insensitive bacterial enzymes: dihydrodipicolinate synthase (EC 4.2.1.52) and aspartate kinase (EC 2.7.2.4). High-level expression of the two bacterial enzymes resulted in only a slight increase in free lysine accumulation at intermediate stages of seed development, while free lysine declined to the low level of control plants toward maturity. To test whether enhanced catabolism may have contributed to the failure of free lysine to accumulate in seeds of transgenic plants, we analyzed the activity of lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (EC 1.5.1.7), an enzyme that catabolizes lysine into saccharopine. In both the control and the transgenic plants, the timing of appearance of lysine-ketoglutarate reductase activity correlated very closely with that of dihydrodipicolinate synthase activity, suggesting that lysine synthesis and catabolism were coordinately regulated during seed development. Notably, the activity of lysine-ketoglutarate reductase was significantly higher in seeds of the transgenic plants than in the controls. Coexpression of both bacterial enzymes in the same plant resulted in a significant increase in the proportions of lysine and threonine in seed albumins. Apparently, the normal low steady-state levels of free lysine and threonine in tobacco seeds may be rate limiting for the synthesis of seed proteins, which are relatively rich in these amino acids.
When Do Real Time Systems Need Multiple CPUs (2015)

Until recently, real-time systems were always single-CPU systems. The prospect of multiprocessing has arrived with the advent of low-cost and readily available multi-core systems. Now many RTOSes, perhaps most notably Linux TM, provide real-time response on multiprocessor systems. However, this begs the question as to whether your real-time application should avail itself of parallelism. Furthermore, if the answer is “yes, ” the next question is what form of parallelism your application should avail itself of: shared memory parallelism with locking and threads, process pipelines, multiple cooperating processes, or one of a number of other approaches. This paper will examine these questions, providing rules of thumb to help you choose whether your real-time application should be parallel, and, if so, what sort of parallelism is best for you. 1
Differential effect of Pistacia vera extracts on experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit animal model: an experimental study (2010)

During short-term administration concomitantly with atherogenic diet, both P. vera extracts were beneficial on HDL-, LDL-cholesterol and aortic intimal thickness. The ME additionally presented an antioxidant effect and significant decrease of aortic surface lesions. These results indicate that P. vera dietary inclusion, in particular its ME, is potentially beneficial in atherosclerosis management.
Long-wavelength InGaAsP/InP multiquantum well distributed feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers grown by chemical beam epitaxy (1994)

We demonstrated the successful operation of long-wavelength InGaAsP low threshold-current index-coupled and gain-coupled DFB lasers grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). For index-coupled DFB lasers, buried-heterostructure six-QW DFB lasers (250 /spl mu/m long and as-cleaved) operated at 1.55 /spl mu/m with CW threshold currents 10-15 mA and slope efficiencies up to 0.35 mW/mA (both facets). A side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) as high as 49 dB was obtained. The lasers operated in the same range even at high temperatures (70/spl deg/C checked). For gain-coupled DFB lasers, gain-coupling is accomplished by using a InGaAsP quaternary grating or quantum-well grating that absorbs the DFB emission. The use of a quantum-well grating, in particular, greatly facilitates the reproducible regrowth (defect-free) over grating and the control of the coupling coefficient. CW threshold currents mere in the range of 10-15 mA for 250-/spl mu/m and 13-18 mA for 250-/spl mu/m and 500-/spl mu/m cavities, respectively. Slope efficiencies were high, /spl sim/0.4 mW/mA (both facets). SMSR was as high as 52 dB and remained in the same DFB mode with SMSR staying /spl sim/50 dB throughout the entire current range. Linewidth/spl times/power products of 1.9-4.0 mere measured with minimum linewidths of 1.8-2.2 MHz. No detectable chirp was measured under 2.5 Gb/s modulation. Unlike index-coupled DFB lasers in which mode partition events decrease slowly even when biased above threshold, these lasers have mode partition events shut off sharply as bias approaches threshold (/spl gsim/0.95 I/sub th/). A very small dispersion penalty of 1.0 dB was measured at 10/sup -11/ BER in transmission experiments using these lasers as sources at 1.7 Gb/s over an amplified fiber system of 230 km. No self-pulsation was observed in these gain-coupled DFB lasers. Gain-switching at 4 GHz with a 100% optical modulation depth and a FWHM pulse width of 23 ps was achieved with these gain-coupled DFB lasers. The peak power was /spl sim/72 mW and the FWHM bandwidth was 0.14 nm. We also fabricated InGaAs/InGaAsP multiquantum-well DBR lasers by CBE. Taking advantage of uniform thickness growth and proper design of weak and long gratings, a record high SMSR of 58.5 dB was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure α‐N,N‐Dibenzylamino Aldehydes: S‐2‐(N,N‐Dibenzylamino)‐3‐Phenylpropanal (2003)

Abstract Preparation of enantiomerically pure α‐N,N‐dibenzylamino aldehydes: S‐2‐(N,N‐dibenzylamino)‐3‐phenylpropanal intermediate: benzyl (S)‐2‐(N,N‐dibenzylamino)‐3‐phenylpropanoate product: (S)‐2‐(N,N‐Dibenzylamino)‐3‐phenylpropanal intermediate: 3.31 g (10 mmol) of (S)‐2‐(N,N‐dibenzylamino)‐3‐phenyl‐1‐propanol in 5 mL of dichloromethane
167 THE USE OF BULL ROUND SPERMATIDS FOR PRODUCING RECONSTRUCTED EMBRYOS (2004)

Recently, sperm has been used as a vector to carry exogenous genes for the production of transgenic animals. However, the success in cattle is low, due to deficiencies in oocyte activation and sperm decondensation caused by high disulphide bond (S=S) content in mature sperm. This study was carried out to develop an effective method for producing transgenic animals with round spermatids (RS). Two methods of embryo production—electric fusion (EC) or intracytoplasmic injection (IC)—and three activation treatments were compared. RS were isolated from bull testes by Percoll density gradients (20, 35, 40, 45 and 90%). Fusion between ooplast and RS was performed with a single DC electric pulse delivered by BTX 200 (1.0 KV cm-1, 45 µs) in 0.28 M mannitol solution supplemented with 100 µM CaCl2 and 100 µM MgCl2. MII oocytes were divided into three activation groups for EC and IC methods, respectively. In Group 1, oocytes were activated with ionomycin (5 µM, 5 min) prior to EC/IC. In Group 2, oocytes were activated with ionomycin (5 µM, 5 min) after EC/IC. In Group 3, oocytes were activated twice with ionomycin, before and after EC/IC. All eggs were then incubated in cycloheximide (10 µg mL-1) for 5 h and cultured in CR1aa medium to Day 8. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst development were evaluated on Days 2 and 8, respectively. All experiments were performed as 5 replicates, and statistical differences were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In IC, cleavage rates were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in Group 3 (99/123, 80.5%) compared to Groups 1 and 2 (31/68, 45.6% and 45/70, 64.3%, respectively). Blastocyst development rates were also significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in Group 3 (15/123, 12.2%) compared to Group 2 (1/70, 1.4%), but did not differ compared to Group 1 (4/68, 5.9%). In EC, the cleavage rates in all three activation treatment groups remained low (43–45%), and no blastocysts developed. These results suggest that intracytoplasmic RS injection combined with repeated ionomycin activation is more efficient than electric fusion for producing developmentally competent embryos. [Supported by High Technology Development Project for Agriculture and Forestry Korea, MAF-SGRP, 300012-05-3-SB010 and Cho-a Pharm. Co. LTD.]