gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melanostatin (NPY) inhibited electrical activity in frog melanotrophs through modulation of K+, Na+ and Ca2+ currents. (1994)

1. Melanostatin, a thirty-six amino acid peptide recently isolated from the frog brain due to its ability to inhibit alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) release, is the amphibian counterpart of mammalian neuropeptide Y (NPY). The effect of synthetic melanostatin on the bioelectrical activity of cultured frog melanotrophs was studied in 124 cells by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 2. In current-clamp experiments, melanostatin (1 microM) provoked a reversible hyperpolarization and a suppression of spontaneous action potentials. In some cells the hyperpolarizing response was absent, but an arrest of spike firing still occurred. 3. Melanostatin-induced hyperpolarization was associated with a decrease in membrane resistance. In voltage-clamp experiments, melanostatin induced an outward current at a constant command potential. This hyperpolarizing outward current appeared to be carried by potassium ions. 4. Cell dialysis with the non-hydrolysable GTP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) sustained the outward current produced by melanostatin. Dopamine (1 microM), which generates a similar hyperpolarizing outward current in frog melanotrophs, was not capable of increasing the current provoked by melanostatin and sustained by GTP gamma S. 5. Melanostatin also modulated voltage-operated currents. The amplitude of voltage-activated potassium current was increased by 30%. 6. Melanostatin reduced the fast sodium current. This inhibitory effect was rather persistent compared to the other modulated currents. 7. Melanostatin markedly scaled down high voltage-activated N- and L-like calcium currents. The activation kinetics of these two calcium currents were not altered by the peptide. 8. Pretreatment of melanotrophs with pertussis toxin (1 microgram ml-1) blocked melanostatin-induced inhibition of N- and L-like calcium currents. 9. It is concluded that the NPY-related peptide melanostatin generates a very complex pattern of electrical responses in frog melanotrophs, including hyperpolarization and modulation of voltage-activated currents underlying action potentials. G proteins appear to mediate at least part of these effects.
Handcrafted and Deep Trackers: Recent Visual Object Tracking Approaches and Trends (2018)

In recent years visual object tracking has become a very active research area. An increasing number of tracking algorithms are being proposed each year. It is because tracking has wide applications in various real world problems such as human-computer interaction, autonomous vehicles, robotics, surveillance and security just to name a few. In the current study, we review latest trends and advances in the tracking area and evaluate the robustness of different trackers based on the feature extraction methods. The first part of this work comprises a comprehensive survey of the recently proposed trackers. We broadly categorize trackers into Correlation Filter based Trackers (CFTs) and Non-CFTs. Each category is further classified into various types based on the architecture and the tracking mechanism. In the second part, we experimentally evaluated 24 recent trackers for robustness, and compared handcrafted and deep feature based trackers. We observe that trackers using deep features performed better, though in some cases a fusion of both increased performance significantly. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the existing benchmarks, a new benchmark Object Tracking and Temple Color (OTTC) has also been proposed and used in the evaluation of different algorithms. We analyze the performance of trackers over eleven different challenges in OTTC, and three other benchmarks. Our study concludes that Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) based trackers perform better than the others. Our study also reveals that inclusion of different types of regularizations over DCF often results in boosted tracking performance. Finally, we sum up our study by pointing out some insights and indicating future trends in visual object tracking field.
Rotation Invariance in Images (2007)

Rotation is one of the most basic transformations that can relate two images. Two determine if two images are rotated versions of each other, one can either exhaustively rotate them in order to find out if the two match up at some angle, or alternatively extract features from the images that can then be compared to make the same decision. In this paper, we will propose a novel method for extracting the components of an image that are invariant to rotation based on the Fourier transform. We will compare the performance of the algorithm to the exhaustive search method and show that this is a much faster technique, that is also accurate in matching rotated images.
A new state-observer of the inner PEM fuel cell pressures for enhanced system monitoring (2014)

In embedded systems such as electric vehicles, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been an attractive technology for many years especially in automotive applications. This paper deals with PEMFC operation monitoring which is a current target for improvement for attaining extended durability. In this paper, supervision of the PEMFC is done using knowledge-based models. Without extra sensors, it enables a clear insight of state variables of the gases in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which gives the PEMFC controller the ability to prevent abnormal operating conditions and associated irreversible degradations. First, a new state-observer oriented model of the PEM fuel cell is detailed. Based on this model, theoretical and practical observability issues are discussed. This analysis shows that convection phenomena can be considered negligible from the dynamic point of view; this leads to a reduced model. Finally a state-observer enables the estimation of the inner partial pressure of the cathode by using only the current and voltage measurements. This proposed model-based approach has been successfully tested on a PEM fuel cell simulator using a set of possible fault scenarios.
Disperse scatterer model of OCT and its application to design volumetric differential contrast imaging (2023)

Differential interference microscopy (DIC) is a method to obtain the refractive index distribution of a sample as contrast. It is suitable for biological cells, however, DIC can only obtain 2D images from thin samples. Therefore, we introduce a new imaging method, volumetric differential contrast (VDC) imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method enables getting 3D differential contrast of thick samples. VDC was designed based on the disperse scatterer model (DSM), a new theoretical model of OCT, and obtains differential contrast by complex numerical processing of OCT signal. DSM represents the sample as a spatially distributed refractive index with dispersed random scatterers, and OCT signal was formulated from this model. VDC uses two complex OCT signals, s1 and s2 at two laterally slightly distant positions, and the final image is defined as Im[s1 s2. This signal forms a spatially differential image of the product of the refractive index distribution and the scatterer density. According to the formulation, the size of the differentiation kernel, corresponding to the shear amount of DIC, is proportional to the defocus of the probe beam and the separation between s1 and s2. This method was validated by an in vitro spheroid sample and an in vivo zebrafish sample, measured by spectral domain OCT with a center wavelength of 830 nm. VDC images were obtained from refocused and defocused signals.
Measurement of the Higgs boson mass in the H → ZZ⁎ → 4ℓ and H → γγ channels with s=13 TeV pp collisions using the ATLAS detector (2018)

The mass of the Higgs boson is measured in the H Z Z * 4 and in the H decay channels with 36.1 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The measured value in the
Fabrication of 3D Metamaterial Resonators Using Self‐Aligned Membrane Projection Lithography (2010)

A new fabrication approach, self-aligned membrane projection lithography, is used to create composite split ring resonators with a resonance near 10 μm. The composite resonators are oriented on the interior face of approximately-spheroidal cavities, and hence represent the first instance of fabrication of micrometer-scale SRRs with out-of-plane current flow.
Generic properties of Whitehead's Algorithm and isomorphism rigidity of random one-relator groups (2003)

We prove that Whitehead's algorithm for solving the automorphism problem in a fixed free group $F_k$ has strongly linear time generic-case complexity. This is done by showing that the ``hard'' part of the algorithm terminates in linear time on an exponentially generic set of input pairs. We then apply these results to one-relator groups. We obtain a Mostow-type isomorphism rigidity result for random one-relator groups: If two such groups are isomorphic then their Cayley graphs on the \emph{given generating sets} are isometric. Although no nontrivial examples were previously known, we prove that one-relator groups are generically \emph{complete} groups, that is, they have trivial center and trivial outer automorphism group. We also prove that the stabilizers of generic elements of $F_k$ in $Aut(F_k)$ are cyclic groups generated by inner automorphisms and that $Aut(F_k)$-orbits are uniformly small in the sense of their growth entropy. We further prove that the number $I_k(n)$ of \emph{isomorphism types} of $k$-generator one-relator groups with defining relators of length $n$ satisfies \[ \frac{c_1}{n} (2k-1)^n \le I_k(n)\le \frac{c_2}{n} (2k-1)^n, \] where $c_1=c_1(k)&gt;0, c_2=c_2(k)&gt;0$ are some constants independent of $n$. Thus $I_k(n)$ grows in essentially the same manner as the number of cyclic words of length $n$.
Gene therapy using IL-27 ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome-like autoimmune exocrinopathy (2012)

These data support the concept that IL-27, when provided exogenously, can induce a suppressive effect on SjS development and thus may be an effective therapeutic agent for regulating TH17 pro-inflammatory activity in autoimmune diseases where the TH17 system has been shown to play an important role in their pathogenesis.
A 3 Watt 39.8–44.6 Gb/s Dual-Mode SFI5.2 SerDes Chip Set in 65 nm CMOS (2010)

A Dual-mode 2 ×21.5-22.3 Gb/s DQPSK or 1 × 39.8-44.6 Gb/s NRZ to 4 × 9.95-11.2 Gb/s SFI5.2-compliant two-chip SerDes for a family of 40 Gb/s optical transponders has been fabricated in 65 nm 12-metal CMOS. By demultiplexing to 16 × 2.5 Gb/s internally, all logic and testability functions could be implemented in standard-cell CMOS, resulting in total power consumption of 3 W, 75 % lower than commercial BiCMOS SFI5 40 Gb/s SerDes ICs. Chip area is 4 × 4 mm, and the ICs are flip-chip mounted into a quad flat-pack package.
A 381 fs/bit, 51.7 nW/bit nearest hamming-distance search circuit in 65 nm CMOS (2011)

The developed fully-parallel associative memory in 65nm CMOS for nearest Hamming-distance search is based on distance-frequency mapping with ring oscillators. The largest reference-data capacity of 128 pattern with 512 bit each, the shortest minimum search time of 3.81·10−13 s/bit and the lowest power dissipation of 5.17·10−8 W/bit in comparison to previous designs are reported. In particular, the power-delay product of 1.97·10−20 J/bit is improved by a factor 140.
Total synthesis and structural investigations of didemnins A, B, and C (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis and structural investigations of didemnins A, B, and CWen Ren Li, William R. Ewing, Bruce D. Harris, and Madeleine M. JoullieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 21, 7659–7672Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00177a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00177a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2093Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunogenomic characterization of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with PD-1 blockade. (2020)

5010 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1 pathway have transformed the management of many advanced malignancies, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the drivers and resistors of PD-1 response remain incompletely elucidated. Further, the common paradigm in solid tumor immunology that pre-existing CD8+ T cell infiltration, in combination with high numbers of nonsynonymous mutations (which, in the context of diverse HLA class I alleles, may be presented as neoantigens) drives response to PD-1 blockade, has not been thoroughly explored in ccRCC. Methods: We analyzed 592 tumors collected from advanced ccRCC patients enrolled in prospective clinical trials (CheckMate 009, CheckMate 010, CheckMate 025) of treatment with PD-1 blockade (n = 362) or mTOR inhibition (as control arm; n = 230) by whole-exome (n = 454) and RNA-sequencing (n = 311), integrated with CD8 immunofluorescence analysis (n = 219), to uncover the immunogenomic determinants of therapeutic response and survival. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare somatic alteration burden between clinical benefit (CB) v.s no CB (NCB); Fisher’s exact test was used to compare mutations and copy number alteration by infiltration state; and hazard ratio (HR) was calculated from Cox PH model for progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) endpoints. All tests were at a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Results: Conventional genomic markers (tumor mutation burden, p = 0.81; neoantigen load, p = 0.47 for CB vs. NCB) and degree of CD8+ T cell infiltration (p = 0.88 for PFS; p = 0.65 for OS) were not associated with clinical response or altered survival with PD-1 blockade. These advanced ccRCC tumors were highly CD8+ T cell infiltrated, with only 22% having an immune desert phenotype and 5% with an immune excluded phenotype. Our analysis revealed that CD8+ T cell infiltrated tumors are depleted of clinically favorable PBRM1 mutations (p = 0.013) and enriched for unfavorable chromosomal losses of 9p21.3 (p &lt; 0.001) when compared to non-infiltrated tumors. When found within infiltrated tumors, del(9p21.3) was associated with worse CB rate (36% (9/25) for del(9p21.3) vs. 88% (7/8) for wildtype at that locus, p = 0.017) and worse survival (HR = 2.38, p = 0.01 for PFS; HR = 2.44, p = 0.01 for OS) with PD-1 blockade. Conclusions: These data demonstrate how the potential interplay of immunophenotypes with somatic mutations and chromosomal alterations impacts therapeutic efficacy in advanced ccRCC.
Supplemental Table S1 from Arginine Depletion Therapy with ADI-PEG20 Limits Tumor Growth in Argininosuccinate Synthase–Deficient Ovarian Cancer, Including Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table containing proteins differentially expressed in at least two rarer ovarian cancer subtypes when compared to HGSC.&lt;/p&gt;
The major allergen of Alternaria alternata (Alt a 1) is expressed in other members of the Pleosporaceae family (2006)

There is general consensus regarding the scarce cross-reactivity existing between Alternaria alternata and other allergenic moulds such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum or Cladosporium herbarum. However, A. alternata has been shown to have a very significant level of allergenic cross-reactivity with other fungi belonging to the Pleosporaceae family. To date, no biological identity or homologies with other proteins have been described for Alt a 1, and it remains unclear whether the major allergen Alt a 1 contributes to the cross-reactivity shown for these moulds. Specific quantification of Alt a 1 in culture filtrates of Stemphylium botryosum, Ulocladium botrytis, Curvularia lunata, Alternaria tenuissima, C. herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Asp. fumigatus, and immunoblotting using culture filtrate extracts from the above-mentioned moulds and rabbit serum anti-recombinant Alt a 1 have shown significant amounts of Alt a 1 in culture filtrates as well as antigenic components ranging from 14 to 20 kDa that strongly react with the specific serum for all taxonomically related species (Pleosporaceae family). No reactions were revealed in culture filtrates of Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. These results restrict the cross-reactivity phenomenon due to Alt a 1 to the scope of the taxonomical term of family.
Computationally efficient exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation (2002)

A computationally efficient exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation is presented. The motion vectors are selected from a search window based on a rate-distortion criterion by successively eliminating the search positions depending on the rate constraint. The performance of the proposed algorithm is identical to the performance of the rate-constrained full search algorithm, with considerable reduction in computation. The number of matching calculations decreases as the constraint imposed on the rate increases.
On the frame length of Achterbahn-128/80 (2007)

In this paper we examine a correlation attack against combination generators introduced by Meier et al. in 2006 and extended to a more powerful tool by Naya-Plasencia. The method has been used in the cryptanalysis of the stream ciphers Achterbahn and Achterbahn-128/80. No mathematical proofs for the method were given. We show that rigorous proofs can be given in an appropriate model, and that the implications derived from that model are in accordance with experimental results obtained from a true combination generator. We generalize the new correlation attack and, using that generalization, show that the internal state of Achterbahn-128 can be recovered with complexity 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">119</sup> using 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">48.54</sup> consecutive keystream bits. In order to investigate a lower bound for the frame length of Achterbahn-128 we consider another application of the generalized correlation attack. This attack has complexity 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">136</sup> (higher than brute force) and requires 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">44.99</sup> keystream bits. Similar results hold for Achterbahn-128. Due to these findings our new recommendation for the frame length of Achterbahn-128 and Achterbahn-80 is 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">44</sup> bits.
Development of Mechanical Strengthening System for Bridge Connections Using Prestressed CFRP Rods (2020)

Stringer-to-floor beam web-to-web double-angle connections are among the most fatigue-prone elements in old riveted bridges. These connections are often designed to carry only shear loads. However, in these elements, fatigue damage occurs because of the out-of-plane deformation of the connections, which is ignored in the original design. In this study, a new retrofitting system is developed to reduce the out-of-plane deformation of the connections using prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods. The proposed system consists of a mechanical wedge-barrel anchor to hold the prestressed CFRP rod and a clamping system to attach to the parent structure and to transmit forces via friction. A series of finite-element (FE) simulations was conducted to optimize the size and performance of the retrofit system. Laboratory static pull-off tests were conducted and different failure modes were studied and discussed. A novel test setup (with four supports) was designed for testing the steel connections. The effect of the geometrical imperfections during the installation of the connection was carefully investigated using the FE models and was verified through laboratory the tests. Laboratory fatigue tests were conducted on steel connections with the same dimensions as those in a railway bridge. The designed retrofit system was found to be capable of reducing the stresses at the angle connections by more than 40%. The results of the fatigue tests demonstrated that the designed system could survive more than 11 million load cycles without any fatigue damage or any indication of a loss in the CFRP prestressing level.