gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Field for RF. (2019)

Most computer vision systems and computational photography systems are visible light based which is a small fraction of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. In recent years radio frequency (RF) hardware has become more widely available, for example, many cars are equipped with a RADAR, and almost every home has a WiFi device. In the context of imaging, RF spectrum holds many advantages compared to visible light systems. In particular, in this regime, EM energy effectively interacts in different ways with matter. This property allows for many novel applications such as privacy preserving computer vision and imaging through absorbing and scattering materials in visible light such as walls. Here, we expand many of the concepts in computational photography in visible light to RF cameras. The main limitation of imaging with RF is the large wavelength that limits the imaging resolution when compared to visible light. However, the output of RF cameras is usually processed by computer vision and perception algorithms which would benefit from multi-modal sensing of the environment, and from sensing in situations in which visible light systems fail. To bridge the gap between computational photography and RF imaging, we expand the concept of light-field to RF. This work paves the way to novel computational sensing systems with RF.
IR Sensors for Indoor Monitoring (2017)

This chapter focuses on infrared (IR) sensors that complement and have similar architectures to radars (both have transmitters/receivers). It presents the feature extraction methods and machine learning algorithms tailored for each specific application. Radars are compared to IR sensors for similar mode of operation highlighting the pros and cons of each. IR sensors have the following two types: active IR sensor; and passive IR (PIR) sensor. The chapter considers PIR sensor. A PIR sensor only has a collector to sense the motion of the subjects in its field of view (FOV). Rather than sensing the motion, the PIR sensor detects the change in the amount of IR radiation impinging upon it. PIR sensors will be used to refer to dual-element type PIR sensors unless otherwise stated. PIR sensor-based indoor monitoring applications can be categorized into the following fields: home security and safety, home automation, and health status monitoring.
Recent Advancements in Hydrajet Perforating and Stimulation Provide Better Penetration and Improved Stimulation (2011)

Abstract The use of hydrajetting for perforation of wells has been commonplace since the 1960s. During those early years, jetting success was consistently demonstrated. While the quality of hydrajetted perforations is admittedly better, they are generally costly to implement. Horsepower requirements and logistics are a few obstacles associated with this process in terms of cost reduction. With the birth of hydrajet-assisted fracturing (HJAF) methods in the last decade; however, these obstacles were immediately overcome when hydrajet perforating became an integral part of the stimulation process. Hence, the system quickly transposed into an effective, time-saving stimulation treatment method. Within a few years, another hydrajet perforating + frac stimulation process was developed, where coiled tubing (CT) was used for hydrajetting only, and afterward the frac stages were all pumped down the annulus of the CT and the casing, with sand plugs used to seal off after the fracture stimulation treatment to allow more stages of the "hydrajet perf + frac" applications up the well in either vertical or horizontal wells. Soon, an increased level of using hydrajet perforating as a stand-alone service also became far more common. As these hydrajetting processes become increasingly popular, intensive studies are needed to continually improve the performance of the tools and processes. For example, increased proppant volumes combined with an increased number of fracture stages or more perforations to be placed in one trip quickly mandates creation of higher life-expectancy tools. Improving the performance requires improving the hydrajetting-technology knowledge; in addition, well completions often dictate the size limitation or design of the jetting tool itself, which in turn dictates the pumping limits of the job. Lastly, new jetting technologies might have to be created to define the optimal quality of proppant which should be used in oilfield applications. This paper offers an in-depth study on improving our jetting expectancies and performances by knowing the various behaviors of abrasives or proppants when they are jetted through nozzles and under other conditions. This data will help us in optimizing the jetting process itself. Results of extensive laboratory tests on different types of proppant are presented which provides a much better understanding of the limitation of various proppant types. Knowing these limitations is a key to successfully using hydrajetting for stimulation purposes or maximizing hydrajet effectiveness when perforating or cutting. Examples of easy-to-use computational tools for such purposes are also presented.
Pharmacologic inhibition of NLRP3 reduces the levels of α-synuclein and protects dopaminergic neurons in a model of Parkinson’s disease (2023)

These data suggest that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome by OLT1177<sup>®</sup> may be a safe and novel therapeutic approach to arrest neuroinflammation and protect against neurological deficits of Parkinson's disease in humans.
Manned Mars Rover Powered by a Nuclear Reactor: Radiation Shield Analysis (1992)

A key element in the conceptual design of a nuclear reactor power system for a manned Mars rover is the analysis, design, and integration of the radiation shield. A shield analysis is carried out to characterize the thickness and spacing of shield layers to provide the minimum mass configuration that meets a dose rate requirement of300 mSv/yr. The analysis utilizes a two-dimensional transport code to model the reactor and to provide a source term that is subsequently used to calculate dose rates as a function of reactor power level and shield layer thickness. Results show that a multilayered tungsten and lithium hydride (LiH) shield would satisfy the dose rate limit of300 mSv/yr (30 rem/yr) to the rover crew. The position of two tungsten and LiH layers is varied to minimize secondary gamma-ray production and to optimize shield mass. Shield design geometry includes consideration of astronaut activity location and results in a shaped 4-π configuration that provides the required attenuation.
聖なる島〈安芸ノ宮島〉の風景美学 : 崇高・優美・ピクチャレスクから (2015)

本稿は, 18世紀イギリスの主要な美的カテゴリーたる「崇高（サブライム）」・「優美（グレイス）」・「絵様美（ピクチャレスク）」を, 「安芸ノ宮島」風景の美学的・芸術学的特性の分析に応用したものである。別言すれば, 宮島風景のもつ「聖性」と「美」の関係を比較美学ないしは応用芸術学の観点から論じた視覚感性文化論の試みといえる。 なお, 分析に当たっては, 上記の美的カテゴリー論の採用にくわえ, 19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけて活躍した, ユダヤ系ドイツ人哲学者Ｇ・ジンメルの「山岳美学（アルペン＝エステティーク）」に見られた景観分析手法をも援用している。 ジンメルによれば, 「山」の風景とは, 「山麓の草木」・「山腹の岩塊」・「山頂の氷雪」といった3つの異なるフェイズから成る。彼はこのような空間配置の差異に基づき, それぞれのトポス（場＝景観）に働いている空間力学を考慮しながら、その美的特性のモードを分析・弁別していった。 さて, 本稿でもジンメルに倣い, 宮島風景を, ①まずは「山頂部」の弥山を中心とする山林部（景観上層：垂直方向）, ②次に, 「海と陸の境界部（インターフェイス）」にある厳島神社本殿と附属社殿群（景観中層：水平方向）, ③最後に, 大鳥居を焦点に, 山・社・海が織りなす絵葉書的な全体景観（景観低層：垂直方向＋水平方向／全方位的スペクタクル）に分け, これら3種のトポスに分割して考察を試みる。そして結論として, 各トポスの景観それぞれに働く視覚的・宗教的な感性力学の有様が描き出されることになろう。 以下, 簡単に本稿各節のポイントを日本語で概括しておこう。 第１節 「崇高（サブライム）」：弥山 主霊峰・弥山は, 仏教上の「須弥山」に由来する。海面から屹立する峰々は「自然曼荼羅」である。宮島はまた, 人間を寄せつけない「神の島（斎島）」でもあった。アニミスティックな古神道的な世界観からすれば, 原生林上部に位置する弥山の巨岩山塊部は, 神々の降臨する「磐座（いわくら）」だ。ここに偉大な神々の顕現を想うとき, そこに《崇高》が現出する。 第２節 「優美（グレイス）」：厳島神社 山から神が降り海から人が来て, インタラクティヴな交流・交感が起こる場所。そこに厳島神社の社殿はある。「聖」と「俗」（「山」と「海」／「天」と「地」／「彼岸」と「此岸」）が融けあうインターフェイス（境界／界面）に, 水鳥が羽を広げたように, 平安・寝殿造の《優美》な姿が浮遊する（じっさい社殿のもつ建築学的「浮板」構造は, 暴風対策以上の感性的含意をもつものなのだ）。この構造は, しなやかに謡い舞う平安貴族の女性的美の象徴を具現しているといってもよかろう。 第３節 「絵様美（ピクチャレスク）」：大鳥居と山・社・海の統一 対岸から宮島に向かうと, 朱の大鳥居を焦点（ないしフレーム）として, 美しい弧の曲線を描く「白沙青松」の入江が奥まったところに《優美》な厳島神社が見える。社殿から右後方へと原生林が迫りあがる。その先には霊峰の《崇高》な雄姿。ここにダイナミックに展開する全方位的なスペクタクル, すなわち「海」・「社」・「山」の景観が綜合的に紡ぐ「多様性の統一」こそ, まさに《絵様美（ピクチャレスク）》となる。こんなわけで, 「日本三景」に数えられる宮島の「美」とは, 多様な絵画的パースペクティヴが混淆した精華だと考えることができよう。 以上を踏まえたうえで, 対岸から「生も死もなき聖島」宮島を訪問する者の眼を借り, もういちど具体的な宮島風景に即して確認すれば, こうなろうか。 屹立する弥山山頂の巨石群は, 天上世界の領域に属し, 神々の降臨する磐座だ。これは《崇高（サブライム）》出来を予期させるトポスとなっている。山からは神々, 海からは人々が来て交流・交歓・交易が起こる。まさに「彼岸」と「此岸」が触れあい, 融けあうのが, この寝殿造の浮遊する社殿。そこはまた, 能や舞を奉納する場であり, たおやかなダイナミックスがそこに生じ, この地上世界で《優美（グレイス）》が姿を現わす。 対岸から宮島へ向かって, 「日本三景」と謳われる島全体を見渡してみよう。とりあえず船で近づくと想ってほしい（が, しかし, 場合によっては想像力を駆使して, もっとダイナミックに大鳥居をかすめる鳥の眼となって, 上空から社殿さらに弥山に迫ってもよかろう）。 まずは海中に屹立する朱の大鳥居を焦点（アイ・キャッチャー）に, おおきく弧をなして展開する白沙青松の浜の海岸線が眼に入る。入江の奥まったところに, あたかも水鳥が羽を広げてやすらうがごとき神社社殿が鎮座する。否, 軽やかに浮かんでいるのが見える。社殿の背後から右後方へと――すくなくとも視覚的には――社殿裏の社叢林から山腹の原生林までがひと筋に連なり, そのまま急激に迫りあがる。視点を尾根づたいに急上昇させれば, そこに主霊峰群の峻厳な雄姿がぱっと現れ出づるだろう。畏怖すべき神々と出逢う領域へのまなざしがそこにはある。 遠来の参拝客は, 船で大鳥居をかすめて上陸を果たし, 社殿の参道を一歩また一歩と社殿に近づきあゆむ。そのとき彼の眼に展開する「海」・「社」・「山」が織りなす多様な美的景観の動性は, 「絵葉書」（あるいは,江戸期なら名所図会）に象徴的に切り取られるがごとき《絵様美（ピクチャレスク）》として映じよう。 数種の「美」「聖性」が宮島の各トポスに立ち現れている。しかしながら, それらはみごとな配置とバランスをもつがゆえ, 統合的に享受されうるものである。まさしく絶妙な感性力学が, つねにこの島の風景には働いているわけだ。安芸ノ宮島では, このような「美」の競演のダイナミクスが, その風景美の秘密を構成しているのである。
Spatial Distribution of Radiation-Induced Double-Strand Breaks in Plasmid DNA as Resolved by Atomic Force Microscopy (2005)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to directly visualize, size and compare the DNA fragments resulting from exposure to low- and high-LET radiation. Double-stranded pUC-19 plasmid ("naked") DNA samples were irradiated by electron-beam or reactor neutron fluxes with doses ranging from 0.9 to 10 kGy. AFM scanning in the tapping mode was used to image and measure the DNA fragment lengths (ranging from a few bp up to 2864 bp long). Double-strand break (DSB) distributions resulting from high-LET neutron and lower-LET electron irradiation revealed a distinct difference between the effects of these two types of radiation: Low-LET radiation-induced DSBs are distributed more uniformly along the DNA, whereas a much larger proportion of neutron-induced DSBs are distributed locally and densely. Furthermore, comparisons with predictions of a random DSB model of radiation damage show that neutron-induced DSBs deviate more from the model than do electron-induced DSBs. In summary, our high-resolution AFM measurements of radiation-induced DNA fragment-length distributions reveal an increased number of very short fragments and hence clustering of DSBs induced by the high-LET neutron radiation compared with low-LET electron radiation and a random DSB model prediction.
Optimization for Hue Constant RGB Sensors (2002)

We present an optimization technique to find hue constant RGB sensors. The hue representation is based on a log RGB opponent color space that is invariant to brightness and gamma. While modeling the visual response did not derive the opponent space, the hue definition is similar to the ones found in CIE Lab and IPT. Finding hue constant RGB sensors through this optimization might be applicable in color engineering applications such as finding RGB sensors for color image encodings.
The Turning Point of the Refining Industry in Europe (2014)

Abstract The oil production‐consumption map is undergoing deep changes due to the discovery of new resources, the development of technologies for the production and processing of non‐conventional sources, and the economic development of emerging countries. It is redefining the worldwide refining industry model with a strong impact on the European system, whose survival can only be assured by the availability of new technologies. This paper discusses the energy scenario and describes two relevant examples of how technology innovation from Eni R&amp;D could strongly improve the trend for the refining sector.
Physicochemical Properties of Neisseria meningitidis Group X Polysaccharide Antigen (1972)

Neisseria meningitidis group X occurs in human carrier populations and is rarely implicated in serious disease. This organism possesses a capsular group antigen which is an acidic polysaccharide. It is composed of the amino sugars, glucosamine, glucosamine-6-phosphate, galactosamine, and the simple hexose, glucose. The group X capsular antigen has an S(20,w) (0) of 3.6, and the acidic nature of the polysaccharide is reflected in an isoelectric point of 3.65. The meningococcal A, B, C, and Y polysaccharide group antigens are also composed primarily of amino sugars. The chemical composition of the group X antigen most closely resembles the capsular antigen of N. meningitidis group Y, which is also predominately a carrier organism.
A Novel Ground Fault Non-Directional Selective Protection Method for Ungrounded Distribution Networks (2015)

This paper presents a new selective and non-directional protection method to detect ground faults in neutral isolated power systems. The new proposed method is based on the comparison of the rms value of the residual current of all the lines connected to a bus, and it is able to determine the line with ground defect. Additionally, this method can be used for the protection of secondary substation. This protection method avoids the unwanted trips produced by wrong settings or wiring errors, which sometimes occur in the existing directional ground fault protections. This new method has been validated through computer simulations and experimental laboratory tests.
Reaction mechanisms and multifragmentation processes in64Zn+58Niat35A–79A MeV (2000)

Reaction mechanisms and multifragmentation processes have been studied for ${}^{64}\mathrm{Zn}{+}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ collisions at intermediate energies with the help of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD-V) model calculations. Experimental energy spectra, angular distributions, charge distributions, and isotope distributions, classified by their associated charged particle multiplicities, are compared with the results of the AMD-V calculations. In general the experimental results are reasonably well reproduced by the calculations. The multifragmentation observed experimentally at all incident energies is also reproduced by the AMD-V calculations. A detailed study of AMD-V events reveals that, in nucleon transport, the reaction shows some transparency, whereas in energy transport the reaction is much less transparent at all incident energies studied here. The transparency in the nucleon transport indicates that, even for central collisions, about 75% of the projectile nucleons appear in the forward direction. In energy transport about 80% of the initial kinetic energy of the projectile in the center- of-mass frame is dissipated. The detailed study of AMD-V events also elucidates the dynamics of the multifragmentation process. The study suggests that, at $35A \mathrm{MeV},$ the semitransparency and thermal expansion are the dominant mechanisms for the multifragmentation process, whereas at $49A \mathrm{MeV}$ and higher incident energies a nuclear compression occurs at an early stage of the reaction and plays an important role in the multifragmentation process in addition to that of the thermal expansion and the semitransparency.
Synthesis and structure of the medium-pore zeolite PST-35 with two interconnected cages of unusual orthorhombic shape (2022)

The search for new zeolite structures and compositions remains important in synthetic materials science due to the high impact on developing new chemical technologies, as well as on improving existing ones. Herein we present the synthesis and structure of PST-35, a novel medium-pore germanosilicate (Si/Ge = 2.1-6.6) zeolite, achieved by combining the excess fluoride approach and the unique structure directing ability of Ge in the presence of 1,2,3-triethylimidazolium ions as an organic structure-directing agent. PST-35 contains a zig-zag 10-ring (4.6 × 6.7 Å) channel system constructed of strictly alternating large 28-hedral ([4<sup>8</sup>·5<sup>8</sup>·6<sup>8</sup>·8<sup>2</sup>·10<sup>2</sup>]) and smaller 18-hedral ([4<sup>6</sup>·5<sup>4</sup>·6<sup>4</sup>·8<sup>2</sup>·10<sup>2</sup>]) cages of anomalous orthorhombic shape. The PST-35 structure is built from the connection of <i>pst-35</i> layers consisting of small 8-hedral ([4<sup>3</sup>·5<sup>4</sup>·6]) cages, previously unobserved zeolite building layers, through single 4-rings.
Wireless TSN with Multi-Radio Wi-Fi (2021)

Wireless Time Sensitive Networking (WTSN) capabilities enabled by IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) can address time synchronization and deterministic communication requirements for many distributed computing and time-critical applications. In addition to time-synchronization (based on 802.1AS) and time-aware scheduling (based on 802.1 Qbv), which have been demonstrated in prior work, this paper describes an experimental implementation and demonstrates the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) data path redundancy capability (based on 802.1 CB) over wired (Ethernet) and wireless (Wi- Fi) by leveraging multiple Wi-Fi radios on the same device. Our experiments show that TSN redundancy can be extended seamlessly from Ethernet to Wi-Fi, thus enabling the network to maintain low latency with high reliability even in the presence of unmanaged interference, which is one of the main challenges for TSN operation in unlicensed bands. The paper also describes an approach to enhance TSN redundancy over Wi-Fi by leveraging the multi-link operation being defined in the ongoing IEEE 802.11 be project, which is specifying the next generation Wi- Fi standard.
Measurements of Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks from vector boson fusion production with the ATLAS experiment at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV}$$ (2021)

Abstract The paper presents a measurement of the Standard Model Higgs Boson decaying to b -quark pairs in the vector boson fusion (VBF) production mode. A sample corresponding to 126 $$\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> of $$\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> proton–proton collision data, collected with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, is analyzed utilizing an adversarial neural network for event classification. The signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured signal yield to that predicted by the Standard Model for VBF Higgs production, is measured to be $$0.95^{+0.38}_{-0.36}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>95</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.36</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.38</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , corresponding to an observed (expected) significance of 2.6 (2.8) standard deviations from the background only hypothesis. The results are additionally combined with an analysis of Higgs bosons decaying to b -quarks, produced via VBF in association with a photon.
Revealing the Origin of Highly Efficient Polysulfide Anchoring and Transformation on Anion‐Substituted Vanadium Nitride Host (2020)

Abstract Metal nitrides and quasi‐metallic compounds have been extensively employed as sulfur hosts for confining polysulfide shuttling and improving the electronic conductivity. Their electronic structures and surface chemical bonds significantly determine the adsorption and catalytic abilities for polysulfide. However, the surface compositions of the reported metal nitrides and their sulfur anchoring mechanisms are still controversial. Herein, the authors demonstrate the anion‐substituted mechanism from vanadium oxide, oxynitride to nitride during ammonia‐annealing process and systematically unravel the long‐range disorder rock‐salt structure of vanadium oxynitride with abundant vanadium (V) and nitrogen (N) vacancies by synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectra, atomic pair distribution function, and density functional theory calculation. The defect‐rich vanadium oxynitride that is previously considered as vanadium nitride possesses the enhanced electron delocalization of V, N, and oxygen (O) atoms. It strengthens the polar LiN/O and VS bonds, especially near V vacancy, resulting in a strong polar adsorption for polysulfide. Meanwhile, the vanadium oxynitride effectively catalyzes the breaking and conversion of polysulfide, improving the reduction kinetics during discharge process. The bifunctional effects render the excellent cycling and rate performances. This work deeply understands the sulfur redox mechanisms on vanadium oxynitride and nitride and promotes the developments of the quasi‐metallic compounds/sulfur cathodes in Lithium‐sulfur battery.
Tinea capitis: actualité d’une pathologie ancienne (2023)

Tinea capitis is a superficial dermatophytic infection of the scalp. This common dermatosis occurs predominantly in children. The clinical manifestation of the disease is heterogeneous, and vary widely depending on the pathogenic fungal agent. Direct mycological examination and cultures are mandatory for an accurate diagnosis and species identification. Treatment should be both local and systemic, and ideally is tailored to the dermatophytic species identified by the laboratory diagnostic work up. Secondary prophylaxis through supplementary measures is crucial to avoid epidemic outbreak and patient reinfection.
The Big Hack Explained (2020)

Over the past two decades, globalized outsourcing in the semiconductor supply chain has lowered manufacturing costs and shortened the time-to-market for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). However, such outsourcing has rendered the printed circuit boards (PCBs) vulnerable to malicious activities and alterations on a global scale. In this article, we take an in-depth look into one such attack, called the “Big Hack,” that was recently reported by Bloomberg Buisnessweek. The article provides background on the Big Hack from three perspectives: an attacker, a security investigator, and the societal impacts. This study provides details on vulnerabilities in the modern PCB supply chain, the possible attacks, and the existing and emerging countermeasures. The necessity for novel visual inspection techniques for PCB assurance is emphasized throughout the article. Further, a review of various imaging modalities, image analysis algorithms, and open research challenges are provided for automated visual inspection.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL EXCHANGE KINETICS OF BIS(SALICYLALDIMINATO)COPPER(II) COMPLEXES IN CHLOROFORM. II. EFFECT OF STERIC FACTORS (1977)

Abstract Untersucht wird der Isotopenaustausch zwischen den Titelkomplexen (I) und "Cu‐markiertem Mono‐pyridinkupfer(II)‐acetat in Chloroform.
The model characteristics of ARROW structures (1992)

The model characteristics of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structures are analyzed by the transverse resonance method as well as some approximate methods. The difference between leaky modes and quasi-guided modes is investigated, and several formulas to calculate the attenuation coefficients of the modes are compared and validated for the ARROW structures. The effects of tunneling leakage and material absorption on the dispersion and the attenuation of the modes are examined in the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polar Codes with Mixed-Kernels (2011)

A generalization of the polar coding scheme called mixed-kernels is introduced. This generalization exploits several homogeneous kernels over alphabets of different sizes. An asymptotic analysis of the proposed scheme shows that its polarization properties are strongly related to the ones of the constituent kernels. Simulation of finite length instances of the scheme indicate their advantages both in error correction performance and complexity compared to the known polar coding structures.