gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stroke-induced Migration of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells: Time Course and Cytokines (2005)

The therapeutic window for treatment of individuals after stroke is narrow, regardless of the treatment regime; extension of this window would provide a major therapeutic advance. In prior reports, we demonstrated significant improvements in the behavioral defects of rats that received human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells 24 h after a middle cerebral arterial occlusion. These effects paralleled the recruitment of these cells to the site of tissue damage. While the administration of HUCB cells 24 h after stroke was effective, the optimal time to administer these cells after stroke has not been established. Here, we investigated the migration of HUCB cells to ischemic tissue extracts. After ischemic assault, brain tissue was homogenized, and the supernatants were assayed for their ability to attract HUCB mononuclear cells as well as for levels of several cytokines. We demonstrate increased migratory activity of HUCB cells toward the extracts harvested at 24-72 h after stroke. The extracts possessed increased levels of certain cytokines and chemokines, suggesting their participation in HUCB cell migration. The results from this study are promising in that the current 3-h therapeutic window for the treatment of stroke victims, using approved anticoagulant treatment, may be extended with the use of HUCB cell therapy 24-72 h post stroke. Last, the chemokines present in the supernatant provide a sound starting point to start examining the mechanisms responsible for the in vivo migration of HUCB cells after the induction of stroke.
FBG-based multichannel low dispersion WDM filters (2003)

A fiber Bragg grating-based multichannel low dispersion WDM filter realized in a photosensitive optical fiber is reported. The filter may be used in high speed networks (10-40 Gbit/s) where they may be employed in OADM applications.
Direct Xa inhibitors in addition to antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome (2017)

In acute coronary syndromes, the addition of a DXI to GBAT results in a significant reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis, offset by an increased risk of bleeding.
The Relationship of Left Ventricular Function and Plasma Concentration of BNP and NT‐proBNP in Patients with Asymptomatic Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure (2007)

Objective: to clarify the diagnostic value of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N Terminal-pro BNP (NT-pro BNP), and to investigate their correlations with cardiac function in asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction (ADD) and diastolic heart failure (DHF). Methods: Echocardiography was performed to measure the peak regional myocardial sustained systolic (Sm) and early diastolic velocities (Em), early diastolic flow propagation velocity (Vp), and E wave (E) and A wave (A) of the trans-mitral flow velocities in 166 ADD patients, 153 DHF patients and 77 healthy volunteers. Plasma BNP and NT-pro BNP were examined. Results: Compared to normal volunteers, Sm, Em and Vp decreased (Sm: 9.35±1.88 and 8.79±1.48 vs 10.35±1.41; Em: 9.01±1.97 and 7.62±1.58 vs 10.42±1.81; Vp: 44.00±10.78 and 39.65±11.88 vs 56.31±8.79), and E/Em and E/Vp significantly increased in both ADD and DHF patients. However, the changes in DHF are more significantly than that in ADD. Plasma BNP and NT-pro BNP significantly increased in ADD and DHF patients (BNP: 87.40 and 269.93 vs 58.05; NT-pro BNP: 141.03 and 871.50 vs 63.91). NT-pro BNP is more significantly correlated with Em, E/Em and E/Vp in ADD patients. All above p values <0.05. Conclusions: Plasma BNP and NT-pro BNP were increased, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction was observed in both ADD and DHF. However, these changes were more sever in DHF. NT-proBNP might be used for diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction and identification of ADD patients.
Photonic Crystal Microcavities as Ultracompact Film-Thickness Monitors for Biosensing (2005)

We experimentally demonstrate single–monolayer sensitivity in a two–dimensional photonic crystal microcavity, for film–thickness biosensing. 3–D FDTD simulations are used to optimize for large wavelength shifts even when bio–material is coating only a portion of the device.
Self-expanding polyurethane polymer improves survival in a model of noncompressible massive abdominal hemorrhage (2013)

Intraperitoneal polymer injection during massive noncompressible hemorrhage reduces blood loss and improves survival in a lethal, closed-cavity, hepatoportal injury model. Chronic safety and additional efficacy studies in other models are needed.
<title>Compact high-efficiency electrically addressable phase-only spatial light modulator</title> (2000)

A compact electrically-addressable spatial light phase modulator module is described. The module consists of an electrically-addressed liquid crystal display (LCD), an optically-addressed phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM), one of which substrates is a fiber optic plate (FOP), a laser diode, and collimating optics for it. The module size is 95 mm long, 55 mm wide, and 90 mm high. The module had a nearly 100% reflectivity and a diffraction efficiency close to the theoretical maximum. Surplus diffraction light caused by the pixelized structure was reduced to approximately 3%, almost 50% of which was in the LCD alone. A reflection type of SLM would cause another power loss of the readout light by a half mirror, which was set up so as to separate the incident and reflected lights. An oblique incidence readout method was evaluated in the module, instead of the half mirror scheme, for the readout. We have found adequate alignments among the polarization and incident directions of the readout light, and the corresponding liquid crystal orientation. Consequently, almost no degradation in diffraction efficiency was observed for the incident angle within 45 degrees.
Fully Degradable Memristors and Humidity Sensors Based on a Tyrosine-Rich Peptide (2021)

Transient electronics, a form of electronic devices that disappear physically after a certain operation time, have attracted considerable interest in the area of bioelectronics. Due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, bioderived materials have been applied to various kinds of transient electronics. This work presents fully degradable memristors and humidity sensors based on a tyrosine-rich peptide. The memristors exhibit a high on/off ratio (>106), stable endurance (∼104 s), and analog switching behavior. The humidity sensors show high sensitivity, in which the current changes by 3 orders of magnitude in the relative humidity range of 10–90%. By means of a rapid response and recovery time, the sensors can be used to monitor human respiration in real time. These devices are rapidly dissolvable under physiological conditions within 1 min. These results open up the field of biocompatible multifunctional nanoelectronics toward the development of bio-implantable processors and sensors.
A tool for collecting provenance data in social media (2013)

In recent years, social media sites have provided a large amount of information. Recipients of such information need mechanisms to know more about the received information, including the provenance. Previous research has shown that some attributes related to the received information provide additional context, so that a recipient can assess the amount of value, trust, and validity to be placed in the received information. Personal attributes of a user, including name, location, education, ethnicity, gender, and political and religious affiliations, can be found in social media sites. In this paper, we present a novel web-based tool for collecting the attributes of interest associated with a particular social media user related to the received information. This tool provides a way to combine different attributes available at different social media sites into a single user profile. Using different types of Twitter users, we also evaluate the performance of the tool in terms of number of attribute values collected, validity of these values, and total amount of retrieval time.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis precursor rRNA as a measure of treatment-shortening activity of drugs and regimens (2021)

There is urgent need for new drug regimens that more rapidly cure tuberculosis (TB). Existing TB drugs and regimens vary in treatment-shortening activity, but the molecular basis of these differences is unclear, and no existing assay directly quantifies the ability of a drug or regimen to shorten treatment. Here, we show that drugs historically classified as sterilizing and non-sterilizing have distinct impacts on a fundamental aspect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology: ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. In culture, in mice, and in human studies, measurement of precursor rRNA reveals that sterilizing drugs and highly effective drug regimens profoundly suppress M. tuberculosis rRNA synthesis, whereas non-sterilizing drugs and weaker regimens do not. The rRNA synthesis ratio provides a readout of drug effect that is orthogonal to traditional measures of bacterial burden. We propose that this metric of drug activity may accelerate the development of shorter TB regimens.
Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer of Visible Light Absorbing Systems: Zinc Dipyrrins (2014)

Zinc dipyrrin complexes with two identical dipyrrin ligands absorb strongly at 450-550 nm and exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields in nonpolar solvents (e.g., 0.16-0.66 in cyclohexane) and weak to nonexistent emission in polar solvents (i.e., <10<sup>-3</sup>, in acetonitrile). The low quantum efficiencies in polar solvents are attributed to the formation of a nonemissive symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) state, which is not formed in nonpolar solvents. Analysis using ultrafast spectroscopy shows that in polar solvents the singlet excited state relaxes to the SBCT state in 1.0-5.5 ps and then decays via recombination to the triplet or ground states in 0.9-3.3 ns. In the weakly polar solvent toluene, the equilibrium between a localized excited state and the charge transfer state is established in 11-22 ps.
Pair programming (2008)

Pair programming is a practice in which two programmers work collaboratively at one computer on the same design, algorithm, or code. Prior research on pair programming has primarily focused on its evaluation in academic settings. There has been limited evidence on the use, problems and benefits, partner selection, and the general perceptions towards pair programming in industrial settings. In this paper we report on a longitudinal evaluation of pair programming at Microsoft Corporation. We find from the results of a survey sent to a randomly selected 10% of engineers at Microsoft that 22% pair program or have pair programmed in the past. Using qualitative analysis, we performed a large-scale card sort to group the various benefits and problems of pair programming. The biggest perceived benefits of pair programming were the introduction of fewer bugs, spreading code understanding, and producing overall higher quality code. The top problems were cost-efficiency, (work time) scheduling problems, and personality conflicts. Most engineers preferred a partner who had complementary skills to their own, who was flexible and had good communication skills.
Throughput properties of fair policies in ring networks (1993)

Considers a slotted ring in which simultaneous transmission of messages by different stations is allowed, a property referred to as spatial reuse. Ring networks with spatial reuse can achieve significantly higher throughput than standard token rings but they also introduce the possibility of starvation for some nodes on the ring. To alleviate this problem, various policies have been suggested in the literature. The present objective is to characterize the node throughputs achievable by general transmission policies in ring networks with spatial reuse and then to evaluate the throughput trade-off for a class of policies that has been proposed in the literature in order to avoid starvation. Specifically, the authors study a policy that is based on the idea of allocating transmission quotas to the nodes. Each node is guaranteed transmission of his quota within a specified interval. The authors show that by appropriately allocating the quotas, policies that satisfy general optimality criteria-in particular criteria related to fairness-can be designed. They also study the asymptotic behavior of the quota policy when either the quotas or the number of nodes increase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Reporter System for Expression of the Human FOXP3 Gene in Mouse Regulatory T-Cells (2017)

The transcription factor FOXP3 plays key roles in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) capable of preventing and correcting immunopathology. There has been much interest in exploiting Treg as adoptive cell therapy in man, but issues of lack of nominal antigen-specificity and stability of FoxP3 expression in the face of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been a concern. In order to enable fundamental studies of human <i>FOXP3</i> (<i>hFOXP3</i>) gene regulation and to provide preclinical tools to guide the selection of drugs that might modulate hFOXP3 expression for therapeutic purposes, we generated hFOXP3/AmCyan bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice and transfectants, wherein hFOXP3 expression was read out as AmCyan expression. Using the transgenic mice, one can now investigate <i>hFOXP3</i> gene expression under defined experimental conditions used for mouse Foxp3 (mFoxp3) studies. Here, we demonstrate that <i>hFOXP3</i> gene expression in BAC transgenic mice is solely restricted to CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells, as for <i>mFoxp3</i> gene expression, showing that hFOXP3 expression in Treg cells depends on fundamentally similar processes to mFoxp3 expression in these cells. Similarly, hFOXP3 expression could be observed in mouse T-cells through TCR stimulation in the presence of TGF-β. These data suggest that, at least in part, cell type-specific human and mouse <i>foxp3</i> gene expression is regulated by common regulatory regions which for the human, are located within the 110-kb human FOXP3 BAC DNA. To investigate <i>hFOXP3</i> gene expression further and to screen potential therapeutics in modulating <i>hFOXP3</i> gene expression <i>in vitro</i>, we also generated hFOXP3/AmCyan expression reporter cell lines. Using the reporter cells and transcription factor inhibitors, we showed that, just as for mFoxp3 expression, inhibitors of NF-κB, AP1, STAT5, Smad3, and NFAT also block hFOXP3 expression. hFOXP3 induction in the reporter cells was also TGF-β dependent, and substantially enhanced by an mTOR inhibitor, Torin1. In both the reporter transgenic mice and cell lines, histone H4 molecules in the hFOXP3 promoter and enhancers located in human CNS1 and CNS2 regions were highly acetylated in natural Treg and TCR/TGF-β-induced Treg, indicating <i>hFOXP3</i> gene expression is regulated by mechanisms similar to those previously identified for the <i>mFoxp3</i> gene.
Correction: Catalytic Nanoceria Are Preferentially Retained in the Rat Retina and Are Not Cytotoxic after Intravitreal Injection (2013)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) possess catalytic and regenerative radical scavenging activities. The ability of nanoceria to maintain cellular redox balance makes them ideal candidates for treatment of retinal diseases whose development is tightly associated with oxidative damage. We have demonstrated that our stable water-dispersed nanoceria delay photoreceptor cell degeneration in rodent models and prevent pathological retinal neovascularization in vldlr mutant mice. The objectives of the current study were to determine the temporal and spatial distributions of nanoceria after a single intravitreal injection, and to determine if nanoceria had any toxic effects in healthy rat retinas. Using inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we discovered that nanoceria were rapidly taken up by the retina and were preferentially retained in this tissue even after 120 days. We also did not observe any acute or long-term negative effects of nanoceria on retinal function or cytoarchitecture even after this long-term exposure. Because nanoceria are effective at low dosages, nontoxic and are retained in the retina for extended periods, we conclude that nanoceria are promising ophthalmic therapeutics for treating retinal diseases known to involve oxidative stress in their pathogeneses.
Abstract 3655: Biomarker strategy to guide the clinical development of ImmTACTM molecules, a novel class of bispecific T cell engaging biologic drugs (2017)

Abstract IMCgp100, a first in class immunotherapy, is a T cell redirecting bispecific biologic comprising an affinity enhanced T-cell receptor specific for gp100 and an anti-CD3 scFV. Phase I/IIa data has provided evidence of a favourable safety profile, and durable responses in both cutaneous and uveal melanoma have been observed. To complement the clinical studies we have developed a comprehensive biomarker strategy to aid our understanding of pharmacodynamics, patient response and potential mechanisms of resistance which includes analysis of markers in both the tumour and periphery. The data obtained to date provide evidence of the pharmacodynamic effects of the molecule including chemokine/cytokine release, in both the tumor and periphery, and lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. In addition, changes in the levels of certain chemokines following the first dose of IMCgp100 were associated with tumor shrinkage. The biomarker strategy we have developed forms the basis for the support of the on-going Ph II development of IMCgp100 in both cutaneous and uveal melanoma and for other ImmTAC molecules, as single agents and in combination, for the treatment of solid tumours. Citation Format: Cheryl McAlpine, David Krige, Sandra Herrero-Gonzalez, Sarah Franklin, Jacob Hurst, William Shingler, Sanjay Patel, Andy Johnson, Debbie Parker, Christina M. Coughlin, Namir J. Hassan, Bent K. Jakobsen. Biomarker strategy to guide the clinical development of ImmTACTM molecules, a novel class of bispecific T cell engaging biologic drugs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3655. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3655
Fluid Mechanics, Cell Distribution, and Environment in Cell Cube Bioreactors (2003)

Cultivation of MRC-5 cells and attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) for the production of VAQTA, an inactivated HAV vaccine (1), is performed in the CellCube reactor, a laminar flow fixed-bed bioreactor with an unusual diamond-shaped, diverging-converging flow geometry. These disposable bioreactors have found some popularity for the production of cells and gene therapy vectors at intermediate scales of operation (2, 3). Early testing of the CellCube revealed that the fluid mechanical environment played a significant role in nonuniform cell distribution patterns generated during the cell growth phase. Specifically, the reactor geometry and manufacturing artifacts, in combination with certain inoculum practices and circulation flow rates, can create cell growth behavior that is not simply explained. Via experimentation and computational fluid dynamics simulations we can account for practically all of the observed cell growth behavior, which appears to be due to a complex mixture of flow distribution, particle deposition under gravity, fluid shear, and possibly nutritional microenvironment.
SEEDING RATE EFFECTS ON LOW-TILLERING SPRING WHEATS IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT (1990)

To determine if increased seeding rates would alter relative yields of traditional and low-tillering genotypes, a high-tillering (Neepawa), a low-tillering (Siete Cerros), and an oligoculm (M1417) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype were seeded in replicated field trials at two locations in 1984 and 1985. A four-replication split-plot design, with genotypes assigned to main plots and seeding rates (40, 80 160, 320 and 640 seeds m −2 ) to subplots, was used for each experiment. Grain yield and its components were measured on individual plots or on main stems of five plants in each plot. All three genotypes expressed maximum yield at the same seeding rate (640 seeds m −2 in 1984 and 320 seeds m −2 in 1985) in the semiarid conditions of these experiments. Despite diverse tillering habits, the relative yields of these three genotypes could not be altered by changing seeding rates. On average, Siete Cerros (low-tillering) yielded 15% more than Neepawa and 17% more than M1417. Neepawa had lower grain yields than M1417 at all seeding rates in 1984, but higher grain yields in 1985. A similar change in relative performance of these two genotypes was observed for harvest index of the main stem but not for main stem grain yield kernels spike −1 on the main stem or kernel weight.Key words: Wheat (spring), oligoculm, yield components, genotype-environmental interaction.
Shape memory alloy reinforcement for strengthening and self-centering of concrete structures—State of the art (2022)

The degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) structural components owing to aging mechanisms and extreme loading events can cause significant performance and safety concerns. Among the available alternatives for restoring such components, shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit unique properties, including the recovery of inelastic strain upon unloading (superelasticity) and/or heating (shape memory effect, SME). Particularly, the superelasticity and SME of SMAs can be applied to reduce permanent deformations and incorporate self-centering behavior into RC structures. Furthermore, the addition of SMAs can enhance the strength and stiffness of RC structures, enabling them to resist high load intensities with less damage. Despite the variety of investigations conducted on the structural applications of SMAs, the existing literature lacks a holistic review of the current progress, main findings, potential limitations, and future prospects of SMAs for the strengthening of existing RC structures and the design of new ones. Furthermore, comprehensive guidance is missing for selecting the SMA types and characteristics most suitable for a particular strengthening/self-centering application. To address the identified fundamental and practical gaps, we performed a detailed review of the applications of SMAs in RC beams, columns, beam-column joints, and shear walls. The identified applications were explored from the perspective of the self-centering, crack recovery, strength enhancement, confinement, and shear strengthening of existing and new RC structures. A critical review of the advantages and disadvantages of strengthening with SMAs is then provided, especially in comparison to conventional strengthening materials and methods. This review concludes with the identification of challenges associated with using SMAs and future opportunities that can arise owing to the proper use of SMAs.
The Use of Solution Viscosity to Characterize Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions (2006)

Abstract Summary: A recent report by Agarwal and coworkers (I. Cotiuga, F. Picchioni, U. S. Agarwal, D. Wouters, J. Loos, P. J. Lemstra, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2006 , 27 , 1073) has shown that solution viscosity measured in a capillary rheometer can be used to monitor the dispersion quality of SWNTs. They used solution viscosity to determine the optimal sonication time. Their method is compared and contrasted here with other methods used to monitor dispersion quality, and it is argued that it has some advantages over other methods. Specifically, the method of Agarwal and coworkers is quick to apply, and gives a reliable single‐parameter measure of the relative quality of a SWNT dispersion. Change in solution viscosity with sonication time and the corresponding nature of the dispersed carbon nanotubes. magnified image Change in solution viscosity with sonication time and the corresponding nature of the dispersed carbon nanotubes.