gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles (2016)

For any living cell the exchange with its environment is vital. Therefore, many different kinds of cargo are able to enter cells via energy-dependent or -independent routes. Nanoparticles are no exemption. It is known that small silica nanoparticles with a diameter below 50 nm are taken up by cells and that their uptake exerts pronounced toxic effects beyond a certain concentration threshold. However, neither the exact uptake mechanism of these particles nor the actual reason for their toxicity has yet been elucidated. In this study we examined the uptake of silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 7, 12 and 22 nm by means of transmission electron microscopy, accompanied by toxicological assays. We show that for every particle diameter tested a different membrane morphology during uptake can be observed and that the amount of particles entering in one event is different for the three sizes. Silica particles with a diameter of 22 nm show single-particle internalization with a membrane wrapped around the particles in the cytosol, whereas 12 nm particles display row-like multi-particle uptake into elongated membrane structures and those with a diameter of 7 nm or less end up in tubular endocytic structures containing many particles. These membrane morphologies proved to be highly reproducible as we found them in five different cell lines. Additionally, we performed ATP and LDH assays to determine particle toxicity. Exceeding a certain concentration threshold the nanoparticles showed a high toxic potential both in the biochemical assay measurements and from morphological findings. We could not find any hint at the induction of apoptosis, neither morphologically nor biochemically. In this regard we discuss membrane damage and consumption as one possible mechanism of toxicity, linking morphological observations to toxicological findings to bridge the gap in understanding the mechanism of toxicity of small nanoparticles.
Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay $\\it{\\Xi_{cc}^{++}\\to \\Xi_{c}^{'+}\\pi^{+}}$ (2022)

The $\\it{\\Xi_{cc}^{++}\\to \\Xi_{c}^{'+}\\pi^{+}}$ decay is observed using proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\\mathrm{\\,Te\\kern -0.1em V}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4\\,\\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The $\\it{\\Xi_{cc}^{++}\\to \\Xi_{c}^{'+}\\pi^{+}}$ decay is reconstructed partially, where the photon from the $\\it{\\Xi_{c}^{'+} \\to \\Xi_{c}^{+}\\gamma}$ decay is not reconstructed and the $pK^-\\pi^+$ final state of the $\\it{\\Xi_{c}^{+}}$ baryon is employed. The $\\it{\\Xi_{cc}^{++}\\to \\Xi_{c}^{'+}\\pi^{+}}$ branching fraction relative to that of the $\\it{\\Xi_{cc}^{++}\\to \\Xi_{c}^{+}\\pi^{+}}$ decay is measured to be $1.41 \\pm 0.17 \\pm 0.10$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
Worms in Space for Outreach on Earth: Space Life Science Activities for the Classroom (2018)

Abstract Long term spaceflight is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The Molecular Muscle Experiment (MME) seeks to identify the causes of muscle decline in space and test potential therapies to attenuate this in the microscopic worm, Caenorhabditis elegans . This is the first UK-led experiment in the almost two-decade history of the International Space Station. We therefore intend to complete significant and widespread educational outreach activities to promote interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), and to increase engagement with our space life science experiment. This paper describes three education outreach activities relating to MME that are suitable for use in the classroom: (i) observing normal and mutant worms; (ii) observing the effect of unloading (simulation of microgravity); and (iii) handling spaceflight hardware. Activity packs are provided at a starter and advanced level to support these activities. This paper also provides three posters that may be used as learning resources for educators. These posters provide information on: (i) why worms are used for research; (ii) spaceflight human physiology; and (iii) the specifics of the MME. Details of further planned engagement activities are outlined to increase the awareness of the MME.
Resonant interaction of the electron beam with a synchronous wave in controlled magnetrons for high-current superconducting accelerators (2018)

A simplified analytical model of the resonant interaction of the beam of Larmor electrons drifting in the crossed constant fields of a magnetron with a synchronous wave providing a phase grouping of the drifting charge was developed to optimize the parameters of an rf resonant injected signal driving the magnetrons for management of phase and power of rf sources with a rate required for superconducting high-current accelerators. The model, which considers the impact of the rf resonant signal injected into the magnetron on the operation of the injection-locked tube, substantiates the recently developed method of fast power control of magnetrons in the range up to 10 dB at the highest generation efficiency, with low noise, precise stability of the carrier frequency, and the possibility of wideband phase control. Experiments with continuous wave 2.45 GHz, 1 kW microwave oven magnetrons have verified the correspondence of the behavior of these tubes to the analytical model. A proof of the principle of the novel method of power control in magnetrons, based on the developed model, was demonstrated in the experiments. The method is attractive for high-current superconducting rf accelerators. This paper also discusses vector methods of power control with the rates required for superconducting accelerators, the impact of the rf resonant signal injected into the magnetron on the rate of phase control of the injection-locked tubes, and a conceptual scheme of the magnetron transmitter with highest efficiency for high-current accelerators.
Broadcast signal transmission employing low noise mutually injected Fabry-Pérot laser diodes (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Mun, S. Oh, K. Choi, and C. Lee, "Broadcast signal transmission employing low noise mutually injected Fabry-Pérot laser diodes," in Frontiers in Optics 2009/Laser Science XXV/Fall 2009 OSA Optics & Photonics Technical Digest, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper FTuP2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Site-selective ion intercalation controls spectral response in electrochromic hexagonal tungsten oxide nanocrystals (2022)

The electrochromism of tungsten oxide occurs through electrochemical reduction, providing active solar control to smart windows, but control over the spectral response is limited and largely empirical. To determine how specific chemical changes result in the optical absorption processes responsible for coloration, we pair structurally well-defined electrochromic nanocrystals (NCs) with cations of varying ionic radii to limit intercalation into specific crystallographic sites. The localized surface plasmon absorption of hexagonal cesium-doped tungsten oxide (Cs:WO3) NCs is enhanced, and new absorption features appear, depending on how the cations intercalate into various interstitial voids. These differences were rationalized using X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies to reveal the chemical and structural changes leading to the observed variations in the electrochemically induced absorption spectra. Smaller cations, Na+ and Li+, can access additional interstitial sites, leading to a secondary, polaronic mechanism of electrochromism, accounting for enhanced visible light absorption.
Endogenous Tumor Suppression Mediated by PTEN Involves Survivin Gene Silencing (2009)

Endogenous tumor suppression provides a barrier against oncogenesis, but the molecular requirements of this process are not well understood. Here, we show that the dual specificity phosphatase PTEN, a gene almost universally altered in human tumors, silences the expression of survivin, an essential regulator of cell division and apoptosis in cancer. This pathway is independent of p53, involves active repression of survivin gene transcription, and is mediated by direct occupancy of the survivin promoter by FOXO1 and FOXO3a factors. Conditional deletion of PTEN in the mouse prostate causes deregulated induction of survivin before full-blown transformation in vivo, whereas expression of survivin and PTEN is inversely correlated in cancer patients. Therefore, silencing the survivin gene is an essential requirement of endogenous PTEN tumor suppression.
From Spectrum Agility to Network Agility: Proactive and Adaptive Reconfiguration for Reliable Communication in Tactical Networks (2013)

In tactical networks reliable communication is a vital military issue that needs to be resolved. A large number of research efforts are currently focused on providing radios with spectrum agility. However, in many cases, spectrum agility is not enough to achieve reliable communications in tactical networks. Instead, mission success often requires network agility -- cognition across the protocol layers for environmental awareness and autonomous reconfiguration -- which is still an unsolved challenge to our best knowledge, and needs to be addressed. Toward this, we have developed a proactive and adaptive cross-layer reconfiguration (PACR) framework for autonomous network adaptation through network monitoring, proactive prediction, network performance characterization, root-cause analysis, and cross-layer negotiation. Although PACR is generically applicable to any radio network, for validation it has been prototyped and demonstrated on two specific networks -- a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware testbed using IEEE 802.11 WiFi devices, and a military radio testbed using Warfighter Information Network-Tactical (WIN-T) Local Area Waveform (LAW) radios. Through tests and demonstrations, it has been shown that our solution provides cross-layer adaptation demonstrating spectrum as well as network agility, resulting in mission success through cognitive networking.
A Practical and Chemoselective Reduction of Nitroarenes to Anilines Using Activated Iron (2005)

Abstract Reduction of nitroarenes to anilines using activated iron generated by Fe/HCl or Zn/FeSO 4 is described. A variety of functional groups such as alkyne, ketone, enone, nitrile, lactone, and aromatic halide are well tolerated under these conditions.
Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: Overview of Treatment Methodologies to Enhance Anaerobic Biodegradability (2018)

Organic fraction of municipal solid waste and its proper disposal is becoming a serious challenge around the world. Environmental pollution, public health risk, and scarcity of dumping land are the aftereffects of its improper disposal. Embodied energy recovery associated with the organic waste along with waste minimization may be achieved using anaerobic digestion. The chemical composition of the substrate plays a crucial role among the factors responsible for digestion performance and cumulative methane production. Treatment of substrate to enhance the digestion performance is gaining momentum in the recent years. This review provides an overview of different treatment methodologies including mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological, ultrasonic, and microwave approaches to enhance methane yield of anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Environmental impact analysis of treatment techniques, along with comparison of treatment methodologies and techno-economic assessment, have also been discussed to provide a proper insight into the various processing methods.
PA 12 for Flexible Flowlines and Risers (2007)

In their supply chain strategy in 2003 Wellstream decided to expand the application of Nylon (PA) grades for off-shore use in order to move away from a single source supply. Degussa have developed a new grade of PA 12 for use in offshore applications, such as flexible pipes. In a joint effort Wellstream International Limited and Degussa AG have performed a qualification test programme on this new grade. On the basis of these tests Wellstream has obtained a Lloyds “Certificate of Material Qualification for the Use of Polyamide 12 Grade - VESTAMID® LX9020 in non-Bonded Flexible Pipes”. Since this certificate was obtained in June 2006 additional test results were obtained which confirm the outstanding material properties and long term performance of the new material. This presentation focuses on results from long term ageing and compatibility experiments of PA 12 in air, in water with different CO2 levels, in crude oil with different TAN, in methanol and other oilfield additives. Some of these tests have been performed over a period of almost three years. The presented data is relevant to predict the long term performance of PA 12 in flexible pipe service.
Magnolol Inhibits Human Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation through Upregulation of p21/Cip1 (2009)

Previously, we demonstrated that magnolol isolated from the bark of Magnolia officinalis has anticancer activity in colon, hepatoma, and leukemia cell lines. In this study, we show that magnolol concentration dependently (0-40 microM) decreased the cell number in a cultured human glioblastoma cancer cell line (U373) and arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Magnolol treatment decreased the protein levels of cyclins A and D1 and increased p21/Cip1, but not cyclins B and D3, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDC25C, Weel, p27/Kip1, and p53. The CDK2-p21/Cip1 complex was increased, and the CDK2 kinase activity was decreased in the magnolol-treated U373. Pretreatment of U373 with p21/Cip1 specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide prevented the magnolol-induced increase of p21/Cip1 protein levels and the decrease of DNA synthesis. Magnolol at a concentration of 100 microM induced DNA fragmentation in U373. Our findings suggest the potential applications of magnolol in the treatment of human brain cancers.
Stabilizing Contrastive RL: Techniques for Robotic Goal Reaching from Offline Data (2023)

Robotic systems that rely primarily on self-supervised learning have the potential to decrease the amount of human annotation and engineering effort required to learn control strategies. In the same way that prior robotic systems have leveraged self-supervised techniques from computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP), our work builds on prior work showing that the reinforcement learning (RL) itself can be cast as a self-supervised problem: learning to reach any goal without human-specified rewards or labels. Despite the seeming appeal, little (if any) prior work has demonstrated how self-supervised RL methods can be practically deployed on robotic systems. By first studying a challenging simulated version of this task, we discover design decisions about architectures and hyperparameters that increase the success rate by $2 \times$. These findings lay the groundwork for our main result: we demonstrate that a self-supervised RL algorithm based on contrastive learning can solve real-world, image-based robotic manipulation tasks, with tasks being specified by a single goal image provided after training.
Selective Functionalization of Hydrocarbons by Nitric Acid and Aerobic Oxidation Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyphthalimide and Iodine under Mild Conditions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Therapeutic potential of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in a mouse model for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: optimal timing and dosing of the drug (2011)

Our results suggest that intervention with V2RA should be instituted early in ADPKD and that it might be necessary to further increase the dosage of this drug later in the disease to decrease cyst growth.
Combinatorial methods for polymer materials science: Phase behavior of nanocomposite blend films (2002)

Abstract Polymer materials are often mixed with inorganic materials in the bulk to enhance properties, including mechanical, electrical, thermal, and physical. Such property enhancements are induced not only by the physical presence of the filler but also significantly by the interaction of the polymer with the filler via altering the local properties of the polymer material. In this regard, recently layered silicate nanocomposites have been shown to be effective in modifying the polymer properties because of their high surface area of contact between the polymer and the high aspect ratio nanoparticle. Potential property enhancements should also occur in polymer nanocomposite thin films owing to nanoparticle orientation from film confinement effects. In this paper we investigate the effect of layered silicate nanoparticles on the phase behavior of a classic polymer blend using small angle neutron scattering and compare those results to phase diagrams obtained by high throughput combinatorial methods.
Neonatal ibuprofen exposure and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants (2019)

Our findings suggest that ibuprofen exposure may contribute to the occurrence of BPD in extremely preterm infants.
EdgePlex (2015)

The service provider edge is responsible for connecting customers using standard protocols such as IP and BGP to the service providers internal network while enforcing service specific policies and service guarantees. Today this function is performed by the Provider Edge Router (PE). The specialized nature of the PE, however, restricts operational flexibility and their monolithic design impacts reliability. In this paper, we propose a new edge router architecture following SDN and NFV principals called EdgePlex. EdgePlex is a distributed system where the functions performed by a traditional edge router are decomposed and assigned to different elements in the system. A key aspect of our design is the use of a sandboxed environment (through the use of virtual machines) per customer. This gives EdgePlex the ability to isolate customers from one-another and independently move customers within and across EdgePlex platforms. We describe the architecture and a prototype implementation of EdgePlex. We perform detailed experiments using this prototype and show that EdgePlex is able to saturate the server in terms of throughput while having acceptable latency and jitter overheads. Our results lead us to believe that the EdgePlex design not only addresses the limitations of existing routers, but is also viable and can meet performance demands of production networks.
A randomized single and multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers of LTI‐291, a centrally penetrant glucocerebrosidase activator (2021)

These first-in-human studies demonstrated that LTI-291 was well tolerated when given orally once daily for 14 consecutive days. This supports the continued clinical development and the exploration of LTI-291 effects in a GBA1-mutated Parkinson population.
Second Generation Fluorous DEAD Reagents Have Expanded Scope in the Mitsunobu Reaction and Retain Convenient Separation Features. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High Rates of Quinone-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions are Dictated by Entropic Factors (2023)

Reaction rates of strained cycloalkynes and cycloalkenes with 1,2-quinones were quantified by stopped flow UV-Vis spectroscopy. Surprisingly, it was determined that 8-membered BCN-OH reacts substantially (16 times) faster than the more strained 7-membered THS. Thermodynamic activation parameters, obtained from the linearized Eyring equation and stopped-flow measurements, revealed that the reaction of both BCN-OH and THS with ortho-quinones is entropycontrolled, ruling out a relevant contribution of secondary orbital interactions (SOIs) as earlier proposed.
Foxp3 Post-translational Modifications and Treg Suppressive Activity (2019)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are engaged in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Treg cells include thymic Treg cells and peripheral Treg cells, both of which can suppress the immune response via multiple distinct mechanisms. The differentiation, proliferation, suppressive function and survival of Treg cells are affected by distinct energy metabolic programs. Tissue-resident Treg cells hold unique features in comparison with the lymphoid organ Treg cells. Foxp3 transcription factor is a lineage master regulator for Treg cell development and suppressive activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activity of Foxp3 protein is modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation and methylation. These modifications affect multiple aspects of Foxp3 function. In this review, we define features of Treg cells and roles of Foxp3 in Treg biology, and summarize current research in PTMs of Foxp3 protein involved in modulating Treg function. This review also attempts to define Foxp3 dimer modifications relevant to mediating Foxp3 activity and Treg suppression. Understanding Foxp3 protein features and modulation mechanisms may help in the design of rational therapies for immune diseases and cancer.
Schistosoma mansonivenom allergen-like protein 4 (SmVAL4) is a novel lipid-binding SCP/TAPS protein that lacks the prototypical CAP motifs (2014)

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects over 200 million people. Vaccine candidates have been identified, including Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like proteins (SmVALs) from the SCP/TAPS (sperm-coating protein/Tpx/antigen 5/pathogenesis related-1/Sc7) superfamily. The first SmVAL structure, SmVAL4, was refined to a resolution limit of 2.16 Å. SmVAL4 has a unique structure that could not be predicted from homologous structures, with longer loops and an unusual C-terminal extension. SmVAL4 has the characteristic α/β-sandwich and central SCP/TAPS cavity. Furthermore, SmVAL4 has only one of the signature CAP cavity tetrad amino-acid residues and is missing the histidines that coordinate divalent cations such as Zn(2+) in other SCP/TAPS proteins. SmVAL4 has a cavity between α-helices 1 and 4 that was observed to bind lipids in tablysin-15, suggesting the ability to bind lipids. Subsequently, SmVAL4 was shown to bind cholesterol in vitro. Additionally, SmVAL4 was shown to complement the in vivo sterol-export phenotype of yeast mutants lacking their endogenous CAP proteins. Expression of SmVAL4 in yeast cells lacking endogenous CAP function restores the block in sterol export. These studies suggest an evolutionarily conserved lipid-binding function shared by CAP proteins such as SmVAL4 and yeast CAP proteins such as Pry1.
The promotional effect of Sn-beta zeolites on platinum for the selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (2013)

Pt impregnated on a Sn-beta catalyst results in a very promising catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, compared to the PtSn co-impregnated beta catalysts. Framework tin ions in the Sn-beta sample stabilize the nucleation of platinum nanoparticles inside the zeolite channel. These Pt(0)-Sn(4+) sites, which are only observed in the Pt/Sn-beta catalyst, have been shown to strongly activate the carbonyl group enhancing the hydrogenation rate of the C=O bond.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice