gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Guided Wave Structures Using Semiconductor Doped Glasses (1986)

The fabrication procedure and properties of optical nonlinear guided-wave structures are reported. The structures consist of a thin film of Corning 7059 glass deposited by RF planar magnetron sputtering on a surface of CdSxSe1-x doped glass. The coupling of light into the waveguides characterized by a power dependent propagation constant was studied. The experiments were performed at two wavelengths &lambda;= 0.4880 &mu;m and &lambda;= 0.5145 &mu;m with a laser working in cw and mode-locked regimes of operation. It is shown that integrated optical structures fabricated exhibit strong nonlinear effect with subnanosecond response time.
Surface‐enhanced resonance Raman and hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of water‐soluble substituted stilbene and distyrylbenzene chromophores (2006)

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) are presented for two water‐soluble, donor–donor‐ or donor–acceptor‐substituted phenylene vinylene derivatives adsorbed on the surfaces of colloidal silver nanoparticles. The normally water‐insoluble, substituted stilbene and distyrylbenzene chromophores have been modified by attaching trimethylammoniumalkyl chains to the amino donor group, creating both aqueous solubility and a net positive charge that facilitates binding to citrate‐ or borohydride‐reduced silver colloids. A symmetrically donor‐substituted distyrylbenzene exhibits strong electronically pre‐resonant SERS spectra that are not highly dependent on excitation wavelength and are qualitatively similar to the solution‐phase resonance Raman (RR) spectra. A donor–acceptor‐substituted stilbene exhibits weaker SERS enhancement despite being fully electronically resonant. The spectra vary considerably with excitation wavelength and show new lines not present in the solution‐phase spectra, which are attributed to a photoproduct formed on the surface. Two‐photon resonant hyper‐Raman spectra are also presented for the donor–acceptor stilbene, both with and without surface enhancement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The Sol-gel process for nano-technologies : new nanocomposites with interesting optical and mechanical properties (1998)

Various nanocomposite systems have been synthesized by sol-gel routes. For this reason, prefabricated nanoparticles (SiO2 sols or boehmite powder) have been dispersed after surface modification in sol-gel-derived organically modified or polymeric ligand matrices. In all cases, a significant effect on dispersibility by surface modification could be observed. After curing, the mechanical or optical properties depend strongly on the dispersion and surface modification. Using these results, composites to be used in chip coupling and as hard coatings on polycarbonate and CR 39 have been developed.
Circadian Activity Rhythms and Psychopathology in Major Depressive Episodes (2023)

Higher circadian activity measures reflected enhanced levels of subjective vitality and were associated with lesser suicidal ideation. Current suicidal-risk assessment might usefully include monitoring of motility and vitality in addition to examining negative affects and suicidal thinking.
Frequency-Modulated Microwave Photonic Links with Direct Detection: Review and Theory (2010)

This work is a theoretical study of microwave photonic links which use optical frequency modulation (FM) and filter-slope discrimination for demodulation. The high modulation efficiency of optical FM devices is attractive for achieving low noise-figure links, but linear demodulation of the signals is also desired. In order to design discriminators which produce low distortion, this paper presents general full-signal and small-signal models of the effects of arbitrary optical filtering on an FM link, including the interaction between FM and residual IM. The small signal model is used to derive figures of merit for the linearity, noise and dynamic range of the FM links. The results of the models invalidate a common assumption: that linear FM to IM discrimination is possible. Instead, the discrimination must be from FM to amplitude modulation of the electric field for the link response to be linear. &lt;p&gt;The linearity of links using two different sets of FIR discriminator filters, designed using the minimax relative error and maximally linear criteria, are compared in order to evaluate the better design method. The evolution of link linearity with filter order is studied. The analytical models are compared to numerical simulations of the filters, and the models are found to be consistent. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to analyze the sensivity to errors in fabrication for high-order filters realized in planar lightwave circuits (PLC) with a lattice filter architecture.
Bounded polynomial randomized consensus (1989)

In [A&3], Abrahamson presented a solution to the randomized consensus problem of Chor, Israeli and Li [CIL87], without assuming the existence of an atomic coin flip operation. This elegant algorithm uses unbounded memory, and has expected exponential running time. In [AH89], Aspens and Herlihy provide a breakthrough polynomial-time algorithm. However, it too is based on the use of unbounded memory. In this paper, we present a solution to the randomized consensus problem, that is bounded in space and runs in polynomial expected time.
Coordinated Multi-cell Beamforming for Massive MIMO: A Random Matrix Approach (2015)

We consider the problem of coordinated multi- cell downlink beamforming in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems consisting of N cells, Nt antennas per base station (BS) and K user terminals (UTs) per cell. Specifically, we formulate a multi-cell beamforming algorithm for massive MIMO systems which requires limited amount of information exchange between the BSs. The design objective is to minimize the aggregate transmit power across all the BSs subject to satisfying the user signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) constraints. The algorithm requires the BSs to exchange parameters which can be computed solely based on the channel statistics rather than the instantaneous CSI. We make use of tools from random matrix theory to formulate the decentralized algorithm. We also characterize a lower bound on the set of target SINR values for which the decentralized multi-cell beamforming algorithm is feasible. We further show that the performance of our algorithm asymptotically matches the performance of the centralized algorithm with full CSI sharing. While the original result focuses on minimizing the aggregate transmit power across all the BSs, we formulate a heuristic extension of this algorithm to incorporate a practical constraint in multi-cell systems, namely the individual BS transmit power constraints. Finally, we investigate the impact of imperfect CSI and pilot contamination effect on the performance of the decentralized algorithm, and propose a heuristic extension of the algorithm to accommodate these issues. Simulation results illustrate that our algorithm closely satisfies the target SINR constraints and achieves minimum power in the regime of massive MIMO systems. In addition, it also provides substantial power savings as compared to zero-forcing beamforming when the number of antennas per BS is of the same orders of magnitude as the number of UTs per cell.
Cyanide‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Methacrylic Esters from Acetone (2019)

Methacrylic esters, represented by methyl methacrylate (MMA), are widely used as commodity chemicals. Here, the one-pot synthesis of methacrylic esters from acetone, a haloform and alcohols in the presence of an organic base is described. Using DBU as the organic base for the reaction of acetone, chloroform and methanol in acetonitrile afforded MMA in 66 % yield. When the solvent was replaced by benzonitrile, the product MMA was successfully purified by distillation. Applicability of this process to various alcohols was also investigated to show ethyl, phenyl, CF<sub>3</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> , and n-C<sub>6</sub> F<sub>13</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> esters were obtained in moderate yields. The use of bromoform instead of chloroform resulted in the improvement of the yield, for example, methyl and n-C<sub>6</sub> F<sub>13</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> esters up to 81 and 70 %, respectively. The reaction with deuterated starting materials acetone-d<sub>6</sub> and MeOH-d<sub>4</sub> , with DBU in acetonitrile afforded deuterated MMA (MMA-d<sub>8</sub> ) in 70 % yield.
Chain-Growth Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange Polycondensation: Molecular Weight Control and Synthesis of Degradable Polysulfates (2021)

Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry has offered a facile and reliable approach to produce polysulfates and polysulfonates. However, the current SuFEx polymerization methods lack precise control of target molecular weight and dispersity. Herein, we report the first chain-growth SuFEx polycondensation process by exploiting the unique reactivity and selectivity of S-F bonds under SuFEx catalysis. Given the higher reactivity of iminosulfur oxydifluoride versus fluorosulfate, the chain-growth SuFEx polycondensation is realized by using an iminosulfur oxydifluoride-containing compound as the reactive chain initiator and deactivated AB-type aryl silyl ether-fluorosulfates bearing an electron-withdrawing group as monomers. When 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) was utilized as the polymerization catalyst, precise control over the polymer molecular weight and polydispersity was achieved. The resulting polymers possess great thermal stability but are easily degradable under mild acidic and basic conditions.
Robust nonlinear set-point control with reinforcement learning (2023)

There has recently been an increased interest in reinforcement learning for nonlinear control problems. However standard reinforcement learning algorithms can often struggle even on seemingly simple set-point control problems. This paper argues that three ideas can improve reinforcement learning methods even for highly nonlinear set-point control problems: 1) Make use of a prior feedback controller to aid amplitude exploration. 2) Use integrated errors. 3) Train on model ensembles. Together these ideas lead to more efficient training, and a trained set-point controller that is more robust to modelling errors and thus can be directly deployed to real-world nonlinear systems. The claim is supported by experiments with a real-world nonlinear cascaded tank process and a simulated strongly nonlinear pH-control system.
Extraordinary Dielectric Properties at Heterojunctions of Amorphous Ferroelectrics (2018)

Materials having a high dielectric constant are needed for a variety of electrical applications from transistors to capacitors. Ferroelectric amorphous-oxide (glass) alkali-ion electrolytes of composition A<sub>2.99</sub>Ba<sub>0.005</sub>ClO (A = Li, Na) are shown by two different types of measurement and different consistent analyses to have extraordinarily high dielectric constants, varying from 10<sup>9</sup> at 25 °C to 10<sup>10</sup> at 220 °C if the glass is properly conditioned. These anomalously high dielectric properties coexist with alkali-ion conductivities at 25 °C that are equivalent to those of the best organic-liquid electrolytes of a Li-ion cell, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a Au/glass electrolyte/Au cell is stable from -10 to +10 V. A model to interpret microscopically all the key features of the CV curves shows that the electric-double-layer capacitors that form at the gold/electrolyte interfaces in the Au/glass electrolyte/Au heterojunction reverse polarization at an applied voltage V = ±2.1 V, resulting in three almost equivalent discharging capacitances for a single physical capacitor from -10 to +10 V.
Magnetotelluric observations across the Juan de Fuca Subduction System in the EMSLAB Project (1989)

A magnetotelluric (MT) transect has been obtained near latitude 45°N from the active Juan de Fuca spreading center, across the subduction zone and Cascades volcanic arc, and into the back arc Deschutes Basin region. This paper presents the MT data set and describes its major characteristics as they pertain to the resistivity of the subduction system. In addition, we discuss the measurement and processing procedures employed as well as important concerns in data interpretation. Broadband audiomagnetotelluric (AMT)/MT soundings (approx. 0.01–500 s period) were collected on land with considerable redundancy in site location, and from which 39 sites were selected which constrain upper crustal heterogeneity but sense also into the upper mantle. Fifteen long‐period MT recordings (about 50–10,000 s) on land confirm the broadband responses in their common period range and extend the depths of exploration to hundreds of kilometers. On the Juan de Fuca plate offshore, 33 out of 39 sea floor instruments at 19 locations gave good results. Of these locations, five magnetotelluric soundings plus two additional geomagnetic variation sites, covering the period range 200–10 5 s approximately, constitute the ocean bottom segment of our profile. The feature of the land observations which probably relates most closely to the subduction process is a peak in the impedance phase of the transverse magnetic mode around 30–50 s period. This phase anomaly, with a corresponding inflection in the apparent resistivity, is continuous eastward from the seacoast and ends abruptly at the High Cascades. It signifies an electrically conductive layer in otherwise resistive lower crust or upper mantle, with the layer conductance decreasing eastward from the coast to a minimum under the Coast Range but increasing suddenly to the east of the central Willamette Basin. The higher conductance to the east is corroborated by the vertical magnetic field transfer function whose real component shows negative values in the period range 100–1000 s over the same distance. The transverse electric mode apparent resistivity and phase on the land display a variety of three‐dimensional effects which make their interpretation difficult. Conversely, both modes of the ocean floor soundings exhibit a smooth progression laterally from the coastal area to the spreading ridge, indicating that the measurements here are reflecting primarily the large‐scale tectonic structures of interest and are little disturbed by small near‐surface inhomogeneities. The impedance data near the ridge are strongly suggestive of a low‐resistivity asthenosphere beneath resistive Juan de Fuca plate lithosphere. Approaching the coastline to the east, both impedance and vertical magnetic field responses appear increasingly affected by a thick wedge of deposited and accreted sediments and by the thinning of the seawater.
A Opçao de Programaçao Rate Drop Response (Resposta à Queda de Freqüência) Previne a Hipotensao Ortostática em Pacientes Idosos, Portadores de Marcapasso e com Incompetência Cronotrópica? (2007)

Introduçao: Pacientes idosos, portadores de marcapasso e com incompetência cronotrópica (IC) podem apresentar hipotensao em posiçao ortostática (HO). Objetivo: Determinar se o aumento transitório da freqüência cardíaca, por meio da opçao de programaçao rate drop response (resposta à queda da freqüência cardíaca), previne a HO em pacientes idosos, portadores de marcapasso, em posiçao vertical. Casuística e Método: Foram estudados os efeitos da rate drop response para alívio da queda da pressao arterial em 62 pacientes portadores de marcapasso (77 ± 6 anos, 32 F) em posiçao vertical. O modo de comando foi o de dupla-câmara (DDD) e as indicaçoes para o implante foram doença do nodo sinusal (n=40) ou bloqueio atrioventricular (n=22). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a dois procedimentos na posiçao ereta, em ordem aleatória: controle com freqüência básica de 60 bpm e com rate drop response no modo DDD (com possibilidade de aumento de 35 bpm acima da freqüência de base), durante 2 minutos, após ficarem na posiçao vertical. A pressao arterial sistólica (PAS), a pressao arterial diastólica (PSD) e a freqüência cardíaca foram aferidas na posiçao vertical (linha de base) e um, dois e três minutos após o abandono dessa posiçao. A HO foi definida como uma queda da pressao arterial sistólica (PAS) ≥ 20 mmHg ou da pressao arterial diastólica (PSD) ≥ 10 mmHg, em posiçao vertical. A incompetência cronotrópica (IC) foi definida como ausência de aumento da freqüência cardíaca superior a 10 bpm, enquanto na posiçao de pé. Resultados: Um total de 17 pacientes (27%) desenvolveu HO na posiçao em pé. As características clínicas básicas (idade, sexo, prevalência de diabetes, uso de medicamentos vasoativos e doença do nodo sinusal) foram similares nos dois grupos, com ou sem HO. Na posiçao vertical, o rate drop response aumentou a PAS e PSD, em comparaçao com a linha de base (PConclusao: A HO é comum e está presente em 27% da populaçao idosa portadora de marcapasso. Em apenas um subgrupo desses pacientes, a IC pode ser a responsável pela ocorrência de HO e pode ser prevenida pela rate drop response na posiçao vertical.
Technology evaluation: Chrysalin (Orthologic). (2005)

OrthoLogic (formerly Chrysalis) is developing Chrysalin, a synthetic 23-amino acid peptide that mimics a portion of human thrombin. The compound is in phase II clinical trials for the potential treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and phase III trials for cartilage repair and bone fractures.
The influence of an LIGBT on CMOS latch up in power integrated circuit (1995)

The latch up characteristics of a CMOS adjacent to a high voltage lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) have been experimentally investigated. While it has been found that the holding voltage and holding current of the CMOS do not strongly depend on the power device operation, the triggering voltage has been found to be critical to the power device operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rotation estimation for visual odometry using 3D vector correspondence (2013)

Visual odometry is important to obtain the vehicle motion as well as the relative motion of the surroundings such as moving/stationary objects to the vehicle. This paper presents a vehicle motion estimation approach which uses 3D vector correspondences. We design an objective function using 3D vector registration error and optimize it. The proposed method estimates more accurate rotation matrix compared to the previous method.
FantastIC4: A Hardware-Software Co-Design Approach for Efficiently Running 4Bit-Compact Multilayer Perceptrons (2021)

With the growing demand for deploying Deep Learning models to the “edge”, it is paramount to develop techniques that allow to execute state-of-the-art models within very tight and limited resource constraints. In this work we propose a software-hardware optimization paradigm for obtaining a highly efficient execution engine of deep neural networks (DNNs) that are based on fully-connected layers. The work's approach is centred around compression as a means for reducing the area as well as power requirements of, concretely, multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) with high predictive performances. Firstly, we design a novel hardware architecture named FantastIC4, which (1) supports the efficient on-chip execution of multiple compact representations of fully-connected layers and (2) minimizes the required number of multipliers for inference down to only 4 (thus the name). Moreover, in order to make the models amenable for efficient execution on FantastIC4, we introduce a novel entropy-constrained training method that renders them to be robust to 4bit quantization and highly compressible in size simultaneously. The experimental results show that we can achieve throughputs of 2.45 TOPS with a total power consumption of 3.6W on a Virtual Ultrascale FPGA XCVU440 device implementation, and achieve a total power efficiency of 20.17 TOPS/W on a 22nm process ASIC version. When compared to other state-of-the-art accelerators designed for the Google Speech Command (GSC) dataset, FantastIC4 is better by 51× in terms of throughput and 145× in terms of area efficiency (GOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Antioxidant Approaches to Management of Ionizing Irradiation Injury (2015)

Ionizing irradiation induces acute and chronic injury to tissues and organs. Applications of antioxidant therapies for the management of ionizing irradiation injury fall into three categories: (1) radiation counter measures against total or partial body irradiation; (2) normal tissue protection against acute organ specific ionizing irradiation injury; and (3) prevention of chronic/late radiation tissue and organ injury. The development of antioxidant therapies to ameliorate ionizing irradiation injury began with initial studies on gene therapy using Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) transgene approaches and evolved into applications of small molecule radiation protectors and mitigators. The understanding of the multiple steps in ionizing radiation-induced cellular, tissue, and organ injury, as well as total body effects is required to optimize the use of antioxidant therapies, and to sequence such approaches with targeted therapies for the multiple steps in the irradiation damage response.
Tailoring exchange coupling and phase separation in Fe-Co-Mn nanocomposites (2014)

An intriguing pathway for the realization of metallic, rare-earth-free magnets is described. Creation of a so-called “exchange-bias” permanent magnet is contemplated that mimics the microstructure of Alnico magnets, comprised of FeCo-based precipitates that are separated by a metallic antiferromagnetic phase that replaces non-magnetic NiAl-rich phase of alnico. In this manner, the existing shape anisotropy is augmented by exchange-bias anisotropy through interphase coupling, providing enhanced coercivities. As a proof of concept, nanocomposite alloys have been fabricated from rapidly solidified Fe34Co33Mn33 ribbons that phase separate into an antiferromagnetic Mn-rich γ-phase and ferromagnetic α-FeCo nanoprecipitates upon post-solidification processing. A progressive enhancement of coercivity, remanence, and exchange bias at T &amp;lt; TN in the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic nanocomposite is noted upon annealing, with maximum properties realized at Tann ≈ 673 K for 30 min. Optimization of the microstructure of these Fe-Co-Mn-based alloys is anticipated to be accompanied by improved magnetic performance that could contribute to the development of next-generation permanent magnets.
Improving Control Performance by Minimizing Jitter in RT-WiFi Networks (2014)

Wireless networked control systems have received significant attention due to their great advantages in enhanced system mobility, and reduced deployment and maintenance cost. To support a wide range of high-speed wireless control applications, we presented in our prior work the design and implementation of a flexible real-time high-speed wireless communication platform called RT-WiFi. RT-WiFi currently provides up to 6kHz sampling rate and deterministic timing guarantee on packet delivery. While guaranteed delivery latency is essential for networked control, control performance is also impacted by communication jitter and other QoS parameters. To reduce jitter, a flexible network manager is needed to control network-wide scheduling of packet transportation. In this paper, we present an RT-WiFi network manager design and propose efficient solutions for two fundamental RT-WiFi network management problems. To improve control performance in networked control systems, our RT-WiFi network manager is designed to generate data link layer communication schedule with minimum jitter under both static and dynamic network topologies. In order to minimize network management overhead, an efficient data structure called S-tree is invented to manage the communication requests to deal with network dynamics. We have implemented the RT-WiFi network manager, and validated its network and control performance through extensive experiments with a real application.
Tailored Surfaces for Managing Thermal Emission: Plasmon/Photon Coupling Using Diffractive Optics Technology. (2016)

Abstract not provided.