gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-parameter fiber optic sensors based on fiber random grating (2017)

Two novel configurations of multi-parameter fiber-optic sensing systems based on the fiber random grating are reported. The fiber random grating is fabricated through femtosecond laser induced refractive index modification over a 10cm standard telecom single mode fiber. In one configuration, the reflective spectrum of the fiber random grating is directly detected and a wavelength-division spectral cross-correlation algorithm is adopted to extract the spectral shifts for simultaneous measurement of temperature, axial strain, and surrounding refractive index. In the other configuration, a random fiber ring laser is constructed by incorporating the random feedback from the random grating. Numerous polarization-dependent spectral filters are formed along the random grating and superimposed to provide multiple lasing lines with high signal-to-noise ratio up to 40dB, which enables a high-fidelity multi-parameter sensing scheme by monitoring the spectral shifts of the lasing lines. Without the need of phase mask for fabrication and with the high physical strength, the random grating based sensors are much simpler and more compact, which could be potentially an excellent alternative for liquid medical sample sensing in biomedical and biochemical applications.
The role of noninvasive brain oximetry in adult critically ill patients without primary non-anoxic brain injury (2021)

A primary objective in intensive care and perioperative settings is to promote an adequate supply and delivery of oxygen to tissues and organs, particularly to the brain. Cerebral near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, continuous monitoring technique, that can be used to assess cerebral oxygenation. Using NIRS to monitor cerebral oximetry is not new and has been in widespread use in neonates and cardiac surgery for decades. In addition, it has become common to see NIRS being used in adult and pediatric cardiac surgery, acute neurological diseases, neurosurgical procedures, vascular surgery, severe trauma and other acute medical diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests a role for NIRS in the perioperative settings; detecting and preventing episodes of cerebral desaturation aiming to reduce the development of postoperative delirium. NIRS is not without its limitations; these include the risk of extra-cranial contamination, spatial limitations and skin blood flow/volume changes, as well being a measure of localized blood oxygenation underneath the sensor. However, NIRS is a noninvasive technique and can be used in those patients without indications or justification for invasive brain monitoring; non-neurosurgical procedures such as liver transplantation, major orthopedic surgery and critically illness where the brain is at risk. The aim of this manuscript was to discuss the physical principles of NIRS and to report the current evidence regarding its use in critically ill patients without primary non-anoxic brain injury.
An Environmental Feature Representation in I-vector Space for Room Verification and Metadata Estimation (2022)

This paper investigates the application of environmental feature representations for room verification tasks and acoustic meta-data estimation. Audio recordings contain both speaker and non-speaker information. We refer to the non-speaker-related information, including channel and other environmental factors, as e-vectors. I-vectors, commonly used in speaker identification, are extracted in the total variability space and capture both speaker and channel-environment information without discrimination. Accordingly, e-vectors can be extracted from i-vectors using methods such as linear discriminant analysis. In this paper, we first demonstrate that e-vectors can be successfully applied to room verification tasks with a low equal error rate. Second, we propose two methods for estimating metadata information -- signal-to-noise (SNR) and reverberation (T60) -- from these e-vectors. When comparing our system to contemporary global SNR estimation methods, in terms of accuracy, we perform favorably even with low dimensional i-vectors. Lastly, we show that room verification tasks can be improved if e-vectors are augmented with the extracted metadata information.
Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Bronchial Stenosis in Lung Transplant Recipients (2017)

Bronchial stenosis in lung transplant recipients is a common disorder that adversely affects clinical outcomes. It is evaluated by spirometry, CT scanning, and bronchoscopy with significant limitations. We hypothesize that MRI using both ultrashort echo time (UTE) scans and hyperpolarized (HP) <sup>129</sup> Xe gas can offer structural and functional assessment of bronchial stenosis seen after lung transplantation. Six patients with lung transplantation-related bronchial stenosis underwent HP <sup>129</sup> Xe MRI and UTE MRI in the same session. Three patients subsequently underwent airway stent placement and had repeated MRI at 4-week follow-up. HP <sup>129</sup> Xe MRI depicted decreased ventilation distal to the stenotic airway. After airway stent placement, MRI showed that low-ventilation regions had decreased (35% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.006) and normal-ventilation regions had increased (17.9% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.04) in the stented lung. Improved gas transfer was also seen on <sup>129</sup> Xe MRI. There was a good correlation between UTE MRI and independent bronchoscopic airway diameter assessment (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.92). This pilot study shows that UTE and HP <sup>129</sup> Xe MRI are feasible in patients with bronchial stenosis related to lung transplantation and may provide structural and functional airway assessment to guide treatment. These conclusions need to be confirmed with larger studies.
Molecular basis for recognition of the Group A Carbohydrate backbone by the PlyC streptococcal bacteriophage endolysin (2021)

Endolysins are peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases that function as part of the bacteriophage (phage) lytic system to release progeny phage at the end of a replication cycle. Notably, endolysins alone can produce lysis without phage infection, which offers an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics. Endolysins from phage that infect Gram-positive bacterial hosts contain at least one enzymatically active domain (EAD) responsible for hydrolysis of PG bonds and a cell wall binding domain (CBD) that binds a cell wall epitope, such as a surface carbohydrate, providing some degree of specificity for the endolysin. Whilst the EADs typically cluster into conserved mechanistic classes with well-defined active sites, relatively little is known about the nature of the CBDs and only a few binding epitopes for CBDs have been elucidated. The major cell wall components of many streptococci are the polysaccharides that contain the polyrhamnose (pRha) backbone modified with species-specific and serotype-specific glycosyl side chains. In this report, using molecular genetics, microscopy, flow cytometry and lytic activity assays, we demonstrate the interaction of PlyCB, the CBD subunit of the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, with the pRha backbone of the cell wall polysaccharides, Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) and serotype c-specific carbohydrate (SCC) expressed by the Group A Streptococcus and Streptococcus mutans, respectively.
A Google Earth BasedDistributedInfrastructure to SupportNatural DisasterResponse (2009)

Forecasting and monitoring earth phenomenon is fundamental to reducing natural disasters hazards. However, how to react after a given disaster occurs is also a key issue that can improve response times and save lives. GISCorps is a program of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) that coordinates short-term, volunteer­ based GIS services to underprivileged communities. In case of a natural disaster, the GISCorps members volunteer their time to characterize the prior and current status of the affected area (for example doing damage assessment) by the observation of satellites images and ancillary data using Google Earth. This information is crucial since it can help local services carry out better decisions and for scheduling response strategies. This methodology has the main advantage of being simple, easy to schedule and based in uniform and standard formats. However its main drawback is that it lacks scalability and relies only in the level of expertise of the member and his/her knowledge and tools. Current High Performance Computing and Information Retrieval Techniques can provide to this community powerful features that can speed up and improve their procedures. Furthermore, they can provide value added mechanisms to automatically collect and process data concerning the disaster. This new knowledge can be used by the GIS expert to better identify areas or can be automatically forwarded to the local services. In this paper we propose a Grid based new service architecture oriented to improved the GISCorps procedures and improve risk reduction in natural disasters. The main aim of this paper is to present a use case of how the forthcoming technologies can be used in natural disaster scenarios to improve response time and provide better information for the decision making process.
<title>Visual shape retrieval using multiscale term distributions</title> (1999)

This paper presents a method for fast and effective similarity-based shape retrieval. Shape similarity is determined by comparing the frequencies with which different types of local structure occur in each shape. The system consists of three processes. (1) The segmentation process uses a scale-space approach to find convex segments that lie between curvature zero-crossings at all scales. Local shape structure is represented by short sequences of segments, called terms. (2) The representation process classifiers the terms into types based on a set of local shape features. Then the distribution of term types within the shape is computed. (3) The retrieval process compares the term type distribution of the query shape to the term type distributions of the database shapes and retrieves the most similar database shapes. Efficient data structures are used to store the distributions compactly and to support fast retrieval. The performance of the method on a test database ranged from 69 percent to 100 percent of ideal performance, depending on the number of items retrieved.
Design and Validation for FPGA Trust under Hardware Trojan Attacks (2016)

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are being increasingly used in a wide range of critical applications, including industrial, automotive, medical, and military systems. Since FPGA vendors are typically fabless, it is more economical to outsource device production to off-shore facilities. This introduces many opportunities for the insertion of malicious alterations of FPGA devices in the foundry, referred to as hardware Trojan attacks, that can cause logical and physical malfunctions during field operation. The vulnerability of these devices to hardware attacks raises serious security concerns regarding hardware and design assurance. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of FPGA-specific hardware Trojan attacks based on activation and payload characteristics along with Trojan models that can be inserted by an attacker. We also present an efficient Trojan detection method for FPGA based on a combined approach of logic-testing and side-channel analysis. Finally, we propose a novel design approach, referred to as Adapted Triple Modular Redundancy (ATMR), to reliably protect against Trojan circuits of varying forms in FPGA devices. We compare ATMR with the conventional TMR approach. The results demonstrate the advantages of ATMR over TMR with respect to power overhead, while maintaining the same or higher level of security and performances as TMR. Further improvement in overhead associated with ATMR is achieved by exploiting reconfiguration and time-sharing of resources.
Defect dissolution in strain-compensated stacked InAs∕GaAs quantum dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2005)

We report a highly effective growth technique to both dissolve large islands and prevent further defect propagation in closely spaced (15nm) stacked quantum dot (QD) active regions while maintaining an emission wavelength &amp;gt;1.3μm. Island dissolution is accomplished via an In flush, which is an AsH3 pause inserted into the growth sequence just after each QD layer is capped. The low V∕III ratio enables the flushing of surface In atoms from the defect sites while the fully capped QDs remain intact. This technique eliminates the need for in situ annealing that activates the In flush in other growth scenarios and results in large emission blueshift. Strain propagation within the closely spaced QD stacks is reduced by GaP strain-compensation layers. Room-temperature photoluminescence confirms ground-state emission wavelength &amp;gt;1.34μm. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirm improved surface morphology and crystalline quality of stacked QD active regions. The resulting structures are suitable for long-wavelength lasers, especially vertical cavity surface-emitting laser applications in which high modal gain is attractive.
Hydrogen-Bond Engineering in Supramolecular Polymers: Polarity Influence on the Self-Assembly of Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (2010)

Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) comprising alkyl side chains form supramolecular polymers in dilute solution and in the solid state as a result of the 3-fold helical arrangement of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. We investigated systematically the role of polarity on the self-assembling behavior of BTAs in dilute solution and, when incorporated in polymeric materials, on their ability to phase segregate. In dilute solutions, the polarity was gradually increased by mixing in methyl tert-butyl ether (in which BTAs are molecularly dissolved) into methylcyclohexane (in which BTAs form stable helical aggregates). We observed a significant decrease in the stability of BTA aggregates after the addition of small amounts of ether. This strong dependence on the polarity of the environment was also found in the solid state. By end-capping telechelics of varying polarity with the BTA motif, a wide range of backbone polarities was covered. Commercially available polymers as well as polymers that were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization were evaluated. BTA motifs connected to apolar telechelics formed stable phase segregated nanorods. Increasing the polarity resulted in a decrease of the stability, and this eventually resulted in the loss of nanorod formation. This systematic study on the influence of polarity on self-assembly gives us a detailed understanding of the potential to use BTAs as functional nanorods in various applications.
Solvatochromism of catechol derivatives – solute/solvent interactions (2012)

The solvatochromism of nine push–pull substituted catechol derivatives has been studied in a set of 39 various solvents. The influence of successive methyl substitution at the catechol OH groups on the extent of the solvatochromic shift has been investigated. The positive solvatochromism of 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene)‐2 H ‐indene‐1,3‐dione amounts 4360 cm –1 , which ranges from toluene to hexamethyl‐phosphoric triamide. To the best of our knowledge, it is one of the largest positive solvatochromic extent measured for a positive solvatochromic dye, comparable with Brooker's thiobarbituric acid with an extent of 4400 cm –1 . The detailed analyses of the solvatochromism were carried out by alternatively using the Kamlet–Taft and Catalán solvent parameters to achieve information of dipolarity versus polarizability effects of solvent upon solvatochromic properties. In solvents with high β values such as alcohols (0.66 &lt; β &lt; 0.90), amides (0.48 &lt; β &lt; 0.80), dimethyl sulfoxide ( β = 0.76), tetramethyl urea ( β = 0.80) and hexamethyl‐phosphoric triamide ( β = 1.05) UV–Vis absorption spectra show two separate λ max , which are caused by a deprotonation reaction. The solvatochromic behaviour of the anionic species is compared with those of the catechol derivatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Interferon gamma inhibits interleukin 10 production by monocytes. (1993)

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) was first described for its ability to inhibit interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Herein, we studied the balance between IFN-gamma and IL-10 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Monocyte depletion reduced IL-10 production by 90% and resulted in an increased IFN-gamma production. Addition of anti-IL-10 antibody to PBMC cultures also strongly increased IFN-gamma production. In contrast, among various cytokines, only IFN-gamma strongly reduced IL-10 synthesis by SAC- or LPS-activated PBMC and monocytes. Thus, IFN-gamma has proinflammatory effects through the combination of two mechanisms: (a) induction of early tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 beta synthesis; and (b) inhibition of the delayed production of IL-10, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta synthesis. Taken together, the present data indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-10 antagonize each other's production and function.
A 5Gb/s 7.1fJ/b/mm 8× multi-drop on-chip 10mm data link in 14nm FinFET CMOS SOI at 0.5V (2017)

We report a 5Gb/s data link implemented in 14nm FinFET CMOS SOI technology in which a single transmitter (TX) broadcasts NRZ data to eight receivers (RXs) distributed along an on-chip RC-dominated 10mm-long channel. The TX comprises a full-rate AC-coupled 2-tap FIR driver with a quarter-rate pre-driver. Each RX is equipped with a novel decision-gated 1-tap speculative DFE optimized for low-power. The RX architecture is half-rate and sliced data are de-multiplexed at quarter-rate. PRBS generator and checker are available on-chip. Correct operation was verified with PRBS31 data transmitted at 5Gb/s and concurrently received error-free at each drop with >40% horizontal margin (BER<10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> ). At this data-rate the efficiency is 7.1fJ/b/mm' resulting in the best performance among multi-drop on-chip data links so far published (to the best of our knowledge). The TX and eight RXs are running on a 0.5 V power supply and consume 0.62 and 0.98mW' respectively.
51.1: Invited Paper : Flexible CMOS and Electrophoretic Displays (2009)

Abstract Flexible CMOS has been achieved by combining nMOS a‐Si:H with pMOS pentacene thin film transistors on a plastic substrate. Flexible CMOS enables more than 300x reduction in power consumption for integrated source drivers for an electrophoretic display compared to a‐Si:H only source drivers. Importantly, flexible CMOS reduces the source driver power well below the power required by the electrophoretic display backplane greatly extending battery life. Measurements on the electrical stress induced degradation of flexible CMOS logic gates are also presented.
1H‐Nuclear‐Magnetic‐Resonance Studies on Glycophorin and Its Carbohydrate‐Containing Tryptic Peptides (1979)

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of glycophorin and its tryptic sialoglycopeptides were investigated. From the intensities of the assigned resonances it was concluded that all of the residues in the sialoglycopeptides are sufficiently mobile in conformation to give sharp resonances, while in glycophorin this is true for only approximately 80% of the peptide backbone. The resonances of the central sequence of some 20 of the hydrophobic residues are strongly broadened. This region is probably that of alpha-helical structure which is known to aggregate. The linewidths and intensities of the resonances are not, or only slightly, affected by changing the ionic strength, temperature or by carboxymethylation of the Met-81 residue in glycophorin. Glycophorin was found to bind about 100 mol sodium dodecylsulphate/mol protein as derived from studies on linebroadening of the latter's C-3 to C-11 methylene resonances. The bound dodecyl-sulphate probably increases the mobilities of the hydrophobic residues in the protein as these resonance intensities are increased by the binding. The carbohydrate chains in glycophorin were conformationally mobile; no evidence was found for tight carbohydrate-protein interactions. The relevance of flexible carbohydrate chains in membrane glycoproteins is discussed in relation to cell surface chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Novel Analogues of the Manumycin Family of Antibiotics and the Antitumor Antibiotic LL‐C10037α. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Facile synthesis and growth mechanism of Ni-catalyzed GaAs nanowires on non-crystalline substrates (2011)

GaAs nanowires (NWs) have been extensively explored for next generation electronics, photonics and photovoltaics due to their direct bandgap and excellent carrier mobility. Typically, these NWs are grown epitaxially on crystalline substrates, which could limit potential applications requiring high growth yield to be printable or transferable on amorphous and flexible substrates. Here, utilizing Ni as a catalytic seed, we successfully demonstrate the synthesis of highly crystalline, stoichiometric and dense GaAs NWs on amorphous SiO(2) substrates. Notably, the NWs are found to grow via the vapor-solid-solid (VSS) mechanism with non-spherical NiGa catalytic tips and low defect densities while exhibiting a narrow distribution of diameter (21.0 ± 3.9 nm) uniformly along the entire length of the NW (>10 µm). The NWs are then configured into field-effect transistors showing impressive electrical characteristics with I(ON)/I(OFF) > 10(3), which further demonstrates the purity and crystal quality of NWs obtained with this simple synthesis technique, compared to the conventional MBE or MOCVD grown GaAs NWs.
Selectively Placing Many Fractures in Openhole Horizontal Wells Improves Production (2001)

Summary This paper presents the results of a study on an openhole well that was treated with a new fracturing process—hydrajet fracturing. In only a single pass, hydrajet fracturing allows operators to use high-pressure jets to place multiple fractures accurately in several locations in a well. To fracture the well most effectively, the process uses surface and downhole data recorders to monitor well conditions. Study results show that the hydrajet fracturing process is an effective, economical method for fracture-treating openhole horizontal wells.
Coronary Artery Disease Phenotype Detection in an Academic Hospital System Setting (2021)

We have created an algorithm, CAD Algorithm II, that detects CAD on a large scale with high accuracy and sensitivity (recall). It has proven useful among varied patient populations. Use of this algorithm can extend to monitor a registry of patients in an EHR and/or to identify a group such as those with likely FH.