gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency Conversion in a Time-Variant Dielectric Metasurface (2020)

The color of light is a fundamental property of electromagnetic radiation; as such, control of the frequency is a cornerstone of modern optics. Nonlinear materials are typically used to generate new frequencies, however the use of time-variant systems provides an alternative approach. Utilizing a metasurface that supports a high-quality factor resonance, we demonstrate that a rapidly shifting refractive index will induce frequency conversion of light that is confined in the nanoresonator meta-atoms. We experimentally observe this frequency conversion and develop a time-dependent coupled mode theory model that well describes the system. The intersection of high quality-factor resonances, active materials, and ultrafast transient spectroscopy leads to the demonstration of metasurfaces operating in a time-variant regime that enables enhanced control over light-matter interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIPLE METAL‐CARBON BONDS. 10. THERMALLY STABLE TANTALUM ALKYLIDYNE COMPLEXES AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TA(η5‐C5ME5)(CPH)(PME3)2CL (1978)

Abstract Durch Zugabe von Trimethylphosphin zu dem Alkyliden‐Komplex (I) in Toluol erhält man die Verbindung (II), aus der in THF in Gegenwart von weiterem PMe3 mit Triphenylmethylenphosphoran unter Bildung von Triphenylrnethylphosphoniumchlorid der α‐Wasserstoff abstrahiert wird, wobei das Phosphin beschleunigend wirkt.
Moving obstacle detection using cameras for driver assistance system (2010)

Moving obstacles have potentially higher risks of collision than stationary obstacles in traffic. Therefore, it is meaningful to detect moving obstacles by sensors equipped on a car for drive assistance applications. We propose two algorithms to detect moving obstacles using camera(s) depending on the relative motion between cameras and obstacles. Since camera(s) moves along with the subjective car, it is challenging to find actually moving obstacles in image sequences. The first algorithm identifies moving obstacle regions in images by checking conflicts between image motion and epipolar constraint when obstacles move in different direction from cameras' motion. The second algorithm identifies moving obstacle regions in images by finding disparity differences between stereo and motion especially when obstacles move in same direction as cameras' motion. Experiments show not only qualitative performance of our detection algorithm, but also quantitative accuracy of egomotion and optical flow estimation in our algorithm.
Towards Intelligent Industry 4.0 5G Networks: A First Throughput and QoE Measurement Campaign (2020)

5G promises to usher in the industrial 4.0 era. In that era, intricately managed autonomous industrial sites with for example remotely controller equipment and autonomous units promise previously unseen levels of efficiency. Although such scenarios are elusive, they come with strict long-since established safety requirements. To uphold such requirements, intelligent industrial 5G networks, that actively take into account prevailing conditions and dynamics of the workers on the site, the equipment, and the network, are needed. Little is known about the dynamics of actual industrial 5G networks and the interplay between network performance and QoE. In this paper, as a step towards intelligent industrial 5G networks, we measure network performance for an industrial 5G network, and conduct QoE experiments with remote controlled industrial equipment on an operational site. The results revealed unexpected relationships between QoE and network performance that shows how important domain-specific knowledge is when researching intelligent industrial 5G networks.
<title>Mode-locked solid state laser sources for optical coherence tomography</title> (1997)

A high speed technique for performing 'optical biopsies,' or optical diagnostic imaging of in vivo tissue architectural morphology, would greatly enhance the diagnosis and clinical management of many diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel optical imaging technique that uses low coherence interferometry to obtain micron scale, cross- sectional images of biological systems. OCT was initially applied in ophthalmology to provide high resolution, cross sectional, tomographic images of the transparent structures in the eye and clinical studies show that OCT has considerable promise for the diagnosis of a wide range of retinal macular diseases. OCT imaging in other human tissues is more difficult due to optical scattering. However, recent in vitro studies have shown that OCT can image architectural morphology in highly optically scattering tissues. One of the key technological issues for OCT in optical biopsy is the development of low coherence laser sources. Essential attributes of a clinically viable light source for OCT include high single-transverse-mode power, short coherence length, and a central wavelength optimal for deep penetration within human tissue. Passively mode locked solid state lasers based on Ti:Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Cr:Mg<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>4</SUB> are capable of providing hundreds of milliwatts of single-transverse mode light with coherence lengths as short as 1.8 microns. We present recent developments in the optimization of mode locked solid state lasers for application to OCT and demonstrate the resulting capability to enable fast acquisition of high resolution tomographic images.
Inside Back Cover: Excitation dependent quenching of luminescence in LED phosphors (Phys. Status Solidi RRL 4/2016) (2016)

No abstract is available for this article.
Crystallization and Solid-State Polymerization of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Facilitated by Supercritical CO2 (1999)

Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) was synthesized by solid-state polymerization (SSP) using supercritical CO2 to induce crystallinity in low molecular weight polycarbonate beads. The CO2-induced crystallization was studied as a function of time, temperature, molecular weight, and pressure. There was an optimum temperature for crystallization which depended on the molecular weight of the polymer. The molecular weight and percent crystallinity of the polymer produced by SSP were determined as a function of time and radial position in the bead. The molecular weight and percent crystallinity were strong functions of the particle radius, probably because of the slow diffusion of phenol out of the polymer particles. Nitrogen and supercritical CO2 were used as sweep fluids for the SSP process. The polymerization rate was always higher in supercritical CO2 at otherwise comparable conditions. We hypothesize that supercritical CO2 plasticizes the amorphous regions of the polymer, thereby increasing chain mobility and the rate of phenol diffusion out of the polymer. This permits the reaction temperature to be reduced, thereby suppressing side reactions that lead to color body formation. These advantages result in higher molecular weight product with good optical clarity when supercritical CO2 is the sweep fluid.
Emission stability and high current performance of diamond-coated Si emitters (2002)

Silicon field emitters were coated with polycrystalline diamond using hot-filament CVD technique. Maximum emission currents of 300-500 /spl mu/A were achieved from single-tip emitters. Current fluctuations have been found to be between 3 and 16%. Temporal dependence of emission current was studied during 36 h at initial current of 100 /spl mu/A. At the end of the testing 20%-decrease of the current took place. Diamond coated silicon emitters demonstrated favourable emission properties, as compared with uncoated silicon emitters.
Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer (2020)

The macular pigment reflectometer (MPR) objectively measures the overall macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and further provides the lutein optical density (L-OD) and zeaxanthin optical density (Z-OD) in the central 1 degree of the fovea. A modification of the technique was developed to evaluate in vivo carotenoid density eccentric to the fovea. An adjustable track system with red LED lights was placed 6.1 m away from the participant to facilitate ocular fixation. Lights were spaced appropriately to create increments of 1 degree retinal disparity during the reflectometry measurements. All reflectometry measurements were obtained with pupillary dilation. The mean MPR-MPOD value for the central measurement was 0.593 (SD 0.161) with an L-OD to Z-OD ratio of 1:2.61. The MPR-MPOD value at 1 degree was 0.248 and the mean MPR-MPOD value at 2 degrees in the parafoveal region was 0.143. The L-OD to Z-OD ratio at 1 degree and 2 degrees off center was 1.38:1.0 and 2.08:1.0, respectively. The results demonstrate that MPOD measurements obtained using the MPR decrease as a function of retinal eccentricity and that there is a higher concentration of zeaxanthin centrally compared to lutein. The L-OD to Z-OD ratio changes with foveal eccentricity, with twice more lutein than zeaxanthin at 2 degrees off center. Our technique successfully provides a quick in vivo method for the measurement of macular pigment optical density at various foveal eccentricities. The results agree with prior published in vivo and in vitro xanthophyll carotenoid density distribution measurements.
Ultrasound-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets in ophthalmology (2022)

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, can result from increased intraocular pressure resulting from elevated outflow resistance. In this preliminary study, we consider the potential of ultrasound-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (NDs) to increase the permeability of the outflow pathway. 100nm diameter NDs with a perfluoropentane core and lipid shell were introduced into the anterior chamber (AC) of ex vivo pig and in vivo rat eyes. Imaging (18 and 28 MHz) was performed with a weakly focused (F = 2.9) beam. Activation was induced by increasing the array sub-aperture to tighten the focus to F = 0.62 centrally. Images showed NDs to be distributed widely within the AC, from which they could enter the outflow pathway by virtue of their small dimension. At 28 MHz, NDs were activated at a peak negative pressure of 5 MPa, corresponding to a mechanical index of 1.8.Two days after treatment, rat eyes showed no sign of inflammation, but a few small gas bubbles were present in the AC. In this application, NDs are advantageous as cavitation nuclei with respect to conventional microbubble contrast agents because of their higher density and smaller diameter (&amp;lt;1/10th that of microbubble agents), which facilitate entry into the outflow channels. Future preclinical in vivo studies will assess the effect of treatment on IOP and outflow facility.
Resveratrol, a natural product derived from grape, exhibits antiestrogenic activity and inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells (1999)

Resveratrol is a natural phytoalexin compound found in grapes and other food products. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on the growth of human breast cancer cells was examined. Results show that resveratrol inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Detailed studies with MCF-7 cells demonstrate that resveratrol antagonized the growth-promoting effect of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) in a dose-dependent fashion at both the cellular (cell growth) and the molecular (gene activation) levels. At 5 x 10(-6) M, resveratrol abolished the growth-stimulatory effect mediated by concentrations of E2 up to 10(-9) M. The antiestrogenic effect of resveratrol could be observed at a concentration of 10(-6) M and above. The antiestrogenic effect of resveratrol was also demonstrated at the molecular level. Resveratrol in a dose-dependent fashion antagonized the stimulation by E2 of progesterone receptor gene expression in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor I receptor mRNA was inhibited while the expression of transforming growth factor beta2 mRNA was significantly elevated in MCF-7 cells cultivated in the presence of resveratrol (10(-5) M). In summary, our results show that resveratrol, a partial ER agonist itself, acts as an ER antagonist in the presence of estrogen leading to inhibition of human breast cancer cells.
Wide area augmentation of the Global Positioning System (1996)

The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is being deployed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to augment the Global Positioning System (GPS). The WAAS will aid GPS with the following three services. First, it will broadcast spread-spectrum ranging signals from communication satellites. The airborne WAAS receiver will add these new ranging signals to the GPS constellation of measurements. By so doing, the augmented position fix will be less sensitive to the failure of individual system components, thus improving time availability and continuity of service. Second, the WAAS will use a nationwide ground network to monitor the health of all satellites over our airspace and flag situations which threaten flight safety. This data will be modulated on to the WAAS ranging signals and broadcast to the users, thereby guaranteeing the integrity of the airborne position fix. Third, the WAAS will use the ground network to develop corrections for the errors which currently limit the accuracy of unaugmented GPS. This data will also be included on the WAAS broadcast and will improve position accuracy from approximately 100 m to 8 m. When complete, the augmented system will provide an accurate position fix from satellites to an unlimited number of aircraft across the nation. It will be the primary navigation system for aircraft in oceanic routes, enroute over our domestic airspace, in crowded metropolitan airspaces, and on airport approach.
Cutaneous Ionogel Mechanoreceptors for Soft Machines, Physiological Sensing, and Amputee Prostheses (2021)

Touch sensing has a central role in robotic grasping and emerging human-machine interfaces for robot-assisted prosthetics. Although advancements in soft conductive polymers have promoted the creation of diverse pressure sensors, these sensors are difficult to be employed as touch skins for robotics and prostheses due to their limited sensitivity, narrow pressure range, and complex structure and fabrication process. Here, a highly sensitive and robust soft touch skin is presented with ultracapacitive sensing that combines ionic hydrogels with commercially available conductive fabrics. Prototypical designs of the capacitive sensors through facile manufacturing methods are introduced and a high sensitivity up to 1.5 kPa<sup>-1</sup> (≈44 times higher than conventional parallel-plate capacitive counterparts), a broad pressure detection range of over four orders of magnitudes (≈35 Pa to 330 kPa), ultrahigh baseline of capacitance, fast response time (≈18 ms), and good repeatability are demonstrated. Ionogel skins composed of an array of cutaneous mechanoreceptors capable of monitoring various physiological signals and shape detection are further developed. The touch skin can be integrated within a soft bionic hand and provide an industrial robot and an amputee with robust tactile feedback when handling delicate objects, illustrating its potential applications in next-generation human-in-the-loop robotic systems with tactile sensing.
Abstract B204: Development of ALN-VSP: An RNAi therapeutic for liver malignancies (2009)

Abstract Malignancies of the liver, including primary (hepatocellular carcinoma) and secondary (metastatic) tumors, represent a significant unmet medical need. We are developing a therapeutic for solid tumors involving the liver that is comprised of lipid particle-formulated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting VEGF and the mitotic kinesin, KSP (Eg5). For each target, potent siRNA duplexes were selected following extensive screening in tissue culture cells. To assess efficacy in vivo, a stable nucleic acid lipid particle (SNALP) formulation was developed based on similar formulations previously shown to silence liver-expressed genes via systemic administration in multiple species. A SNALP-formulated combination of the KSP and VEGF siRNAs (referred to as ALN-VSP) was tested in orthotopic liver tumor models in which human tumor cells are implanted directly into the livers of immunocompromised mice. We show that intravenous administration of ALN-VSP leads to silencing of both KSP and VEGF expression in established liver tumors. This is accompanied by the formation of numerous aberrant mitotic figures (“monoasters”) in tumor cells indicative of the pharmacologic inhibition of KSP. In addition, we demonstrate that ALN-VSP treatment provides a clear survival benefit even when treatment is initiated in animals with a significant tumor burden. A Phase 1 clinical trial of ALN-VSP has recently been initiated. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B204.
BIOMECHANICS OF PENETRATING TRAUMA AND INJURY MITIGATING PROTECTIVE MEASURES IN GUARDRAIL MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES (2021)

The objective of the present study is two-fold. First, the elucidation of the biomechanics of penetrating trauma as a result of guardrail intruding into the occupant compartment. Second, the evaluation of the biomechanical efficacy of hybrid tension-compression guardrails to better protect occupants. The nine fatally guardrail penetrating crashes occurred between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed to study the mechanism of injuries. Four car-to-guardrail crash tests were conducted using a hybrid guardrail that integrated the commonly used W-beam with a new design of tension-based end terminal. The test included the impact of a bogey-type platform, small sedan vehicles, and a pick-up truck at highway speeds onto the guardrail. The impact orientation was varied to simulate the frontal and oblique corner crashes with a speed ranging from 90 to 111 kph. The real-world studies showed that the fatal injuries were due to impaling guardrail regardless of vehicular speed and size. The occupants not in the trajectory of the guardrail in the same vehicle sustained minor injuries despite experiencing a similar energy level. In these cases, the crash severity was survivable without the guardrail penetration. The mean pre-impact speed, change in speed, and vehicular acceleration was 117 kph, 20 kph, and 97 m/sec2, respectively. The hybrid guardrail system deflected the vehicle without any penetration into the occupant compartment. The mean peak accelerations in crash tests were below injurious threshold levels. The present research shows that the hybrid guardrail system not only eliminated the intrusion into occupant survival space but also deflected the vehicle.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Battery Using Ceramic Electrolyte with Honeycomb Structure by Sol–Gel Process (2010)

(LLT) with a honeycomb structure, which has microsized holes on both sides of a membrane, was prepared as an electrolyte for three-dimensional all-solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. In this study, and were used as cathode and anode materials, respectively, and their particles were fabricated by the sol–gel method, which provided not only small particles to inject into the microsized holes of the honeycomb electrolyte (0.6 and for and , respectively) but also particles with high discharge capacities (98.6 and 90.2% of their theoretical capacities for and , respectively). The impregnation of active material particles mixed with the precursor sol into the honeycomb holes provided a good contact between the LLT electrolyte and the active materials, which reduced the internal resistance of the cell and improved the discharge capacity. Accordingly, the all-solid-state battery was successfully operated at 1.1 V with a discharge capacity of .
<title>New results from the ORASIS/NEMO compression algorithm</title> (1999)

We present results from an improved ORASIS (Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System) hyperspectral-data compression-algorithm that is being implemented on the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) satellite. The algorithm is shown to produce results that are statistically improved from previous findings. To augment the statistical testing, the re-inflated data are run through analysis programs such as unsupervised classification. ORASIS compression is a series of algorithms. The first algorithm, the exemplar selector process (ESP), is a variation of Learned Vector Quantization (LVQ) that builds up a relatively small set of spectra to represent the full data set. Subsequent algorithms find approximate endmembers for the exemplar set and project the set into the space defined by the endmembers. Both the ESP and the projection process contribute to the compression of the data. The obtainable compression ratios vary with scene content and other factors but ratios between 10:1 and 30:1 are possible. The compressed data format is designed to allow direct access to individual pieces of the data without reinflation of the entire data set. Details of the hardware implementation of the Imagery On-Board Processor (IOBP) of NEMO is discussed, as well as the use of the compressed data on the ground.
Multi-component loadcell for structural testings. (1987)

A generalized reaction force at a fixed point of a structure consists of six components which include information on the loads with their eccentricity, the initial imperfection and the deflection of structures. These factors seriously affect the load-deflection relations and the buckling load of structures. But it is usually difficult to measure these in the case of fixed ends structures, spatial structures such as coiled springs and structures deflecting to indefinite direction. In this study, multi-component loadcells consisting of strain trusses have been developed for the testing of the structures listed above. An inline data processing system has also been developed to calculate the six components of the reaction force from the strains of the truss members. Loading tests of the loadcells showed good accuracy and linearity in their structure testing use.
Plaque Assay with Protein A‐coated Erythrocytes for the Evaluation of Human Immunoglobulin‐secreting Cells Induced by Pokeweed Mitogen (1979)

Cells secreting IgM, IgG and IgA were evaluated in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen by a haemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated erythrocytes in the presence of class-specific antisera. Kinetic study revealed that immunoglobulin-secreting cells appeared after 3 days of culture and peaked between days 5 and 7. IgM-secreting cells predominated throughout the culture period. This plaque assay is a useful and sensitive in vitro test for the evaluation of polyclonal B-cell activation in humans and may provide a good approach to the study of disturbances in the synthesis of the various classes of immunoglobulins.
Effects of equine joint injury on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by synovial fluid: Role of hyaluronan (2012)

In the acute postinjury stage, equine SF exhibits poor boundary lubrication properties, as indicated by a high μ(kinetic) . HA of diminished concentration and molecular weight may be the basis for this, and adding HA to deficient equine SF restored lubrication function.
The Pareto Optimization of Ultra-Wideband Polyfractal Arrays (2006)

A multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization was applied to minimize the peak side-lobe levels of polyfractal arrays at several frequencies. These optimized polyfractal arrays are then individually examined and shown to possess low peak side-lobe levels over an ultra-wide range of frequencies. The mainbeam is steered away from broadside to show that even when steered, these arrays have extremely large bandwidths
Evaluation of a novel delivery strategy for pulmonary gene transfer in a fetal mouse model using AAV6.2 (2009)

status: Published