gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of HSPA Multi-carrier heterogeneous networks (2012)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), consisting of Macro NodeBs (macros) and low power Pico NodeBs (picos), can increase system capacity by offloading some users to the picos. However, this offloading may be limited due to intercell interference from macros to picos that reduces their coverage. HSPA Multi-carrier HetNets allow the use of range expansion techniques to achieve more offloading, such as power reduction from the macros on one carrier. This paper provides a system level analysis of the gain provided by power reduction on one carrier of the macros in a HetNet environment. As the interference from the macros is reduced, more capacity offloading to picos occurs and higher system capacity can be achieved. By considering cell biasing in serving cell selection, further gains can be observed.
Head Kinematics in Mini-Sled Tests of Foam Padding: Relevance of Linear Responses From Free Motion Headform (FMH) Testing to Head Angular Responses (2003)

The revised Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 201 specifies that the safety performance of vehicle upper interiors is determined from the resultant linear acceleration response of a free motion headform (FMH) impacting the interior at 6.7 m/s. This study addresses whether linear output data from the FMH test can be used to select an upper interior padding that decreases the likelihood of rotationally induced brain injuries. Using an experimental setup consisting of a Hybrid III head-neck structure mounted on a mini-sled platform, sagittal plane linear and angular head accelerations were measured in frontal head impacts into foam samples of various stiffness and density with a constant thickness (51 mm) at low (approximately 5.0 m/s), intermediate (approximately 7.0 m/s), and high (approximately 9.6 m/s) impact speeds. Provided that the foam samples did not bottom out, recorded peak values of angular acceleration and change in angular velocity increased approximately linearly with increasing peak resultant linear acceleration and value of the Head Injury Criterion (HIC36). The results indicate that the padding that produces the lowest possible peak angular acceleration and peak change in angular velocity without causing high peak forces is the one that produces the lowest possible HIC36 without bottoming out in the FMH test.
“Click” Silica‐Supported Sulfonic Acid Catalysts with Variable Acid Strength and Surface Polarity (2019)

Solid acid catalysts are central in our chemical industry and are major players in the valorization of bioresources. However, there is still a need to develop solid acid catalysts with enhanced acid strength and improved, or tunable, physicochemical profile to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of chemical processes. Here, a modular approach to tune the acid strength and surface polarity of silica-supported sulfonic acid catalysts, based on a versatile copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based anchoring scheme, is presented. The CuAAC-formed triazole link was used to enhance the activity of the grafted sulfonic acids and to pair the acid sites with secondary hydrophobic functions. The beneficial effects of both the triazolium link and the paired hydrophobic site, as well as the optimal positioning of the sulfonic moiety on the triazole ring, are discussed in model esterification reactions.
Activity-Dependent Facilitation of CaV1.3 Calcium Channels Promotes KCa3.1 Activation in Hippocampal Neurons (2017)

Ca<sub>V</sub>1 L-type calcium channels are key to regulating neuronal excitability, with the range of functional roles enhanced by interactions with calmodulin, accessory proteins, or CaMKII that modulate channel activity. In hippocampal pyramidal cells, a prominent elevation of Ca<sub>V</sub>1 activity is apparent in late channel openings that can last for seconds following a depolarizing stimulus train. The current study tested the hypothesis that a reported interaction among Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 channels, the scaffolding protein densin, and CaMKII could generate a facilitation of channel activity that outlasts a depolarizing stimulus. We found that Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 but not Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channels exhibit a long-duration calcium-dependent facilitation (L-CDF) that lasts up to 8 s following a brief 50 Hz stimulus train, but only when coexpressed with densin and CaMKII. To test the physiological role for Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 L-CDF, we coexpressed the intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 potassium channel, revealing a strong functional coupling to Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 channel activity that was accentuated by densin and CaMKII. Moreover, the Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3-densin-CaMKII interaction gave rise to an outward tail current of up to 8 s duration following a depolarizing stimulus in both tsA-201 cells and male rat CA1 pyramidal cells. A slow afterhyperpolarization in pyramidal cells was reduced by a selective block of Ca<sub>V</sub>1 channels by isradipine, a CaMKII blocker, and siRNA knockdown of densin, and spike frequency increased upon selective block of Ca<sub>V</sub>1 channel conductance. The results are important in revealing a Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3-densin-CaMKII interaction that extends the contribution of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 calcium influx to a time frame well beyond a brief input train.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Ca<sub>V</sub>1 L-type calcium channels play a key role in regulating the output of central neurons by providing calcium influx during repetitive inputs. This study identifies a long-duration calcium-dependent facilitation (L-CDF) of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 channels that depends on the scaffolding protein densin and CaMKII and that outlasts a depolarizing stimulus by seconds. We further show a tight functional coupling between Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 calcium influx and the intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 potassium channel that promotes an outward tail current of up to 8 s following a depolarizing stimulus. Tests in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells reveal that a slow AHP is reduced by blocking different components of the Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3-densin-CaMKII interaction, identifying an important role for Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 L-CDF in regulating neuronal excitability.
Optical AND operation based on Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (VCSOAs) (2003)

We have demonstrated, the first time to our knowledge, a low input intensity (16nW/μm2) high contrast (10:1) optical AND gate based on a VCSOA. In the experiment the device also shows an optical gain of 10dB.
Abstract A149: Quantitative detection of the EGFR activating and resistance mutations in plasma DNA of lung cancer patients. (2011)

Abstract EGFR-TKIs are effective therapeutic agents for EGFR-mutation-positive lung cancer patients, but most patients develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs. A secondary EGFR T790M mutation is reported to correlate with acquired resistance and accounts for about half of the resistance cases. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising target for monitoring T790M mutations in non-invasive cancer diagnostics and evaluations, although detection of rare mutation alleles is technically demanding. BEAMing (beads, emulsion, amplification, magnetics) is currently the most sensitive technique which can quantitate the mutated allele. With the technique, we can detect one mutated allele in 10,000 normal alleles. Activating mutations were identified from plasma DNA in 72% (31/43). The T790M mutation was identified in 43% (10/23) of the patients with progressive disease during EGFR-TKI treatment. The T790M mutation appeared in 13–94% of alleles with activating mutations. Judging from this incidence, BEAMing could detect T790M in the majority of eligible cases. The major advantage over other techniques is the ability to calculate the fraction of T790M-positive alleles in cancer cells, irrespective of normal cell DNA contamination. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A149.
E4F1-mediated control of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is essential for skin homeostasis (2016)

The multifunctional protein E4 transcription factor 1 (E4F1) is an essential regulator of epidermal stem cell (ESC) maintenance. Here, we found that E4F1 transcriptionally regulates a metabolic program involved in pyruvate metabolism that is required to maintain skin homeostasis. E4F1 deficiency in basal keratinocytes resulted in deregulated expression of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (Dlat), a gene encoding the E2 subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Accordingly, E4f1 knock-out (KO) keratinocytes exhibited impaired PDH activity and a redirection of the glycolytic flux toward lactate production. The metabolic reprogramming of E4f1 KO keratinocytes associated with remodeling of their microenvironment and alterations of the basement membrane, led to ESC mislocalization and exhaustion of the ESC pool. ShRNA-mediated depletion of Dlat in primary keratinocytes recapitulated defects observed upon E4f1 inactivation, including increased lactate secretion, enhanced activity of extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes, and impaired clonogenic potential. Altogether, our data reveal a central role for Dlat in the metabolic program regulated by E4F1 in basal keratinocytes and illustrate the importance of PDH activity in skin homeostasis.
A new chiral auxiliary for asymmetric thermal reactions: high stereocontrol in radical addition, allylation, and annulation reactions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new chiral auxiliary for asymmetric thermal reactions: high stereocontrol in radical addition, allylation, and annulation reactionsJeffrey G. Stack, Dennis P. Curran, Steven V. Geib, Julius Rebek Jr., and Pablo BallesterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 18, 7007–7018Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00044a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1241Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Introduction (2011)

Sixty years is a long life-span for a revolutionary regime to survive and remain vigorous. The celebration in 2009 of the 60th anniversary of the Chinese communist conquest of power and the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was in stark contrast to the fate of its erstwhile Soviet “elder brother.” Despite suffering terrible human tragedies and political upheavals – notably, the great famine of 1959–61 and the Cultural Revolution of 1966–76 – the PRC had emerged as a powerful and dynamic country. The purpose of this volume is to chronicle how that came about. The purpose of this introduction is to proffer a hypothesis, based on that chronicle, to explain the Chinese success.
Distributed Holistic Framework for Smart City Infrastructures: Tale of Interdependent Electrified Transportation Network and Power Grid (2019)

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) play a pivotal role in transportation electrification. The flexible nature of PEVs' charging demand can be utilized for reducing charging cost as well as optimizing the operating cost of power and transportation networks. Utilizing charging flexibility of geographically spread PEVs requires design and implementation of efficient optimization algorithms. There is a synergy between electro mobility (e-Mobility) infrastructures (including charging stations) and PEVs. In this paper, we introduce a holistic framework to model interdependent nature of power systems and electrified transportation networks, enhance the operational performance of these systems as a network-of-networks, and explain the required information exchange via coupling agents (e.g., PEVs and charging stations). We develop a holistic framework that enables distributed coordination of interdependent networks through the IoT lens. To this end, we propose to use a fully distributed consensus+innovations approach. This iterative algorithm achieves a distributed solution of the decision making for each agent through local computations and limited communication with other neighboring agents that are influential in that specific decision. For instance, the optimal routing decision of a PEV involves a different set of agents as compared with the optimal charging strategy of the same PEV. The exogenous information from an external network/agent can affect internal operation of the other agents. For instance, having some information about traffic congestion at the transportation networks changes the decision of PEVs to charge their battery at another location. Our approach constitutes solving an iterative problem, which utilizes communication at the smart city layer, as a network of infrastructures, including power grid and electrified transportation network, that enables fully distributed coordination of agents. Fully distributed decision making enables scalability of the solution and plug-and-play capability, as well as increasing the information privacy of PEVs by only requiring limited local information exchange with neighboring agents. We investigate a detailed application of our framework for interdependent power systems and electrified transportation networks. To this end, we first identify the functionalities, constraints, objectives, and decision variables of each network. Then, we investigate the interdependent interactions among these networks and their corresponding agents.
N,N‘-Diferrocenyl-N-heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Derivatives (1999)

In continuation of our work on Wanzlick/Arduengo carbenes containing redox-active ferrocenyl substituents we report on the synthesis of N,N‘-diferrocenyl imidazol(in)ium salts as precursors of imidazol(in)-2-ylidenes. The necessary starting material for this chemistry is aminoferrocene, which was prepared by an improved and large-scale synthesis by the sequence solid lithioferrocene, iodoferrocene, N-ferrocenylphthalimide, aminoferrocene. The preparation of N,N‘-diferrocenyl heterocycles involves condensation of aminoferrocene with glyoxal to afford N,N‘-diferrocenyldiazabutadiene [Fc-DAB], reduction, condensation with formaldehyde, and oxidation with trityl salts to yield N,N‘-diferrocenylimidazol(in)ium salts. In situ deprotonation and trapping with electrophiles yielded the expected metal complexes and derivatives in some cases [Ag+ or S8], but attempted reaction with other transition metals [e.g., Pd(II)] failed to give the corresponding complexes, due to (i) steric hindrance by the two N-ferrocenyl substituents, (ii) reduced acidity of the imidazol(in)ium precursors, and (iii) inaccessibility of the free carbenes. Spectroscopic [IR, Raman, UV−vis, MS, NMR (1H, 13C, 109Ag)], structural [X-ray], and electrochemical [CV] properties are reported and compared to those of other N-heterocyclic carbene derivatives.
Speaker Diarization using Two-pass Leave-One-Out Gaussian PLDA Clustering of DNN Embeddings (2021)

Many modern systems for speaker diarization, such as the recently-developed VBx approach, rely on clustering of DNN speaker embeddings followed by resegmentation. Two problems with this approach are that the DNN is not directly optimized for this task, and the parameters need significant retuning for different applications. We have recently presented progress in this direction with a Leave-One-Out Gaussian PLDA (LGP) clustering algorithm and an approach to training the DNN such that embeddings directly optimize performance of this scoring method. This paper presents a new two-pass version of this system, where the second pass uses finer time resolution to significantly improve overall performance. For the Callhome corpus, we achieve the first published error rate below 4% without any task-dependent parameter tuning. We also show significant progress towards a robust single solution for multiple diarization tasks.
Adaptive Immune Response of Vγ2Vδ2 + T Cells During Mycobacterial Infections (2002)

To examine the role of T cell receptor (TCR) in gammadelta T cells in adaptive immunity, a macaque model was used to follow Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cell responses to mycobacterial infections. These phosphoantigen-specific gammadelta T cells displayed major expansion during Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection and a clear memory-type response after BCG reinfection. Primary and recall expansions of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells were also seen during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of naive and BCG-vaccinated macaques, respectively. This capacity to rapidly expand coincided with a clearance of BCG bacteremia and immunity to fatal tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated macaques. Thus, Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells may contribute to adaptive immunity to mycobacterial infections.
Midkine and pleiotrophin concentrations in needle biopsies of breast and lung masses (2017)

Both MDK and PTN are readily measurable in washout of needle biopsy samples from breast and lung masses and levels are highly elevated only in a specific subset of these malignancies.
Efficacy of Galidesivir against Ebola Virus Disease in Rhesus Monkeys (2017)

Abstract Background The recent re-emergence of Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo serves as a stark reminder of the 2013–2016 Ebola virus (EBOV), which resulted in &amp;gt;11,000 deaths. To date, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines for EBOV disease (EVD). Galidesivir (BCX4430) is an adenosine nucleoside analogue designed to inhibit viral RNA polymerase activity indirectly through non-obligate RNA chain termination. Galidesivir exhibits in vitro antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of negative- and positive-sense RNA viruses. In vivo, galidesivir has shown antiviral activity against various viruses and provides 100% protection against Marburg virus disease in cynomolgus macaques, when administered either 1 or 2 days post infection. Initial exploratory studies in a rhesus macaque model of EVD showed that 25 mg/kg galidesivir administered twice daily (BID) IM beginning immediately following viral challenge protected 100% (6 of 6) of animals. Methods Pharmacokinetic modeling based on galidesivir levels in healthy and EBOV-infected animals predicted that a loading-dose regimen could decrease time to steady-state, potentially advantageous when extending the time of treatment initiation. To test the efficacy of a loading dose regimen, 100 mg/kg was administered BID either 2 or 3 days after challenge, followed by maintenance doses of 25 mg/kg BID for a total duration of 11 days. Results Six of 6 (100%) rhesus monkeys survived after receiving loading doses on day 2, and 4 of 6 (67%) animals survived after receiving loading doses beginning day 3. In the dosing regimen that conferred 100% protection, the animals exhibited either no behavioral depression or only mild and transient behavioral depression. In all treated groups, there was a significant reduction of plasma viral RNA concentrations during the acute phase of disease. Conclusion Galidesivir protects rhesus monkeys against an otherwise lethal EBOV challenge. Administered by IM injection, Phase 1 human clinical studies of single and multiple ascending doses have shown galidesivir to be generally safe and well tolerated up to 10 mg/kg daily for seven days. Additional clinical studies are planned to evaluate the safety and tolerability of galidesivir administered by IV infusion. Supported by NIAID (NIH), HHSN272201300017C. Disclosures S. MacLennan, BioCryst: Employee, Salary. A. Mathis, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals: Employee, Salary. E. Giuliano, BioCryst: Employee, Salary. R. Taylor, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals: Employee, Salary. W. Sheridan, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals: Employee, Salary.
Aggregate Load Controllers and Associated Methods (2023)

Aggregate load controllers and associated methods are described. According to one aspect, a method of operating an aggregate load controller includes using an aggregate load controller having an initial state, applying a stimulus to a plurality of thermostatic controllers which are configured to control a plurality of respective thermostatic loads which receive electrical energy from an electrical utility to operate in a plurality of different operational modes, accessing data regarding a response of the thermostatic loads as a result of the applied stimulus, using the data regarding the response, determining a value of at least one design parameter of the aggregate load controller, and using the determined value of the at least one design parameter, configuring the aggregate load controller to control amounts of the electrical energy which are utilized by the thermostatic loads.
Error characterization in Quantum Information Processing: a protocol for analyzing spatial correlations and its experimental implementation (2008)

We present a protocol for error characterization and its experimental implementation with 4 qubits in liquid state NMR. The method is designed to retrieve information about spatial correlations and scales as $O(n^w)$, where $w$ is the maximum number of qubits that have non-negligible interaction. We discuss the practical aspects regarding accuracy and implementation.
Real-time GPU implementation of a weighted filtered back-projection algorithm for stationary gantry CT reconstruction (2019)

We present details of a real-time implementation of a new algorithm designed to reduce streak artifacts in switched-source stationary gantry CT reconstruction. The algorithm is of the filtered back-projection type, and uses a voxel-specific weighting function to account for the non-uniform distribution of illumination angles caused by such a scanning geometry. The main challenge in developing a real-time implementation is the storage and memory bandwidth requirements imposed by the weighting function. This has been addressed by storing weights at a low precision and reduced resolution, and using interpolation to recover weights at the full resolution. Results demonstrate real-time performance of the algorithm at a realistic problem size, running on a low-cost consumer grade laptop.