gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIOFILTRATION OF VOLATILE POLLUTANTS: Fundamental Mechanisms for Improved Design, Long-term Operation, Prediction, and Implementation (2000)

Biofiltration systems can be used for treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); however, the systems are poorly understood and are normally operated as ''black boxes''. Common operational problems associated with biofilters include fouling, deactivation, and overgrowth, all of which make them ineffective for continuous, long-term use. The objective of this investigation was to develop generic methods for long-term stable operation, in particular by using selective limitation of supplemental nutrients while maintaining high activity. As part of this effort, we have provided a deeper fundamental understanding of the important biological and transport mechanisms in biodestruction of sparingly soluble VOCs and have extended this approach and mathematical models to additional systems of high priority EM relevance--direct degradation and cometabolic degradation of priority pollutants such as BTEX and chlorinated organics. Innovative aspects of this project included development of a user-friendly two-dimensional predictive model/program for MS Windows 95/98/2000 to elucidate mass transfer and kinetic limitations in these systems, isolation of a unique microorganism capable of using sparingly soluble organic and chloroorganic VOCs as its sole carbon and energy source, and making long-term growth possible by successfully decoupling growth and degradation metabolisms in operating trickle bed bioreactors.
CCDC 1451232: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2016)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Method to Determine Control of Energy Saving by Using Explanatory Variables for Demand Response (2018)

Demand response (DR) with the aim of stabilizing power supply and the cost of electricity has garnered a considerable amount of research interest in recent years. It is expected to be particularly useful for small- and medium-sized office buildings, which are responsible for a large share of total electricity consumption. In this paper, we propose implementing DR for small- and medium-sized office buildings by using an energy-saving control decision method that employs explanatory variables from prediction equations.
Fibroblast surface antigen (SF): Molecular properties, distribution in vitro and in vivo, and altered expression in transformed cells (1976)

Abstract We have recently described a cell type‐specific surface (SF) antigen that is deleted in chick fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. SF antigen is a major surface component and makes up about 0.5% of the total protein on normal cultured fibroblasts. The antigen is shed from normal cells and is present in circulation (serum, plasma), and in vivo, also, in tissue boundary membranes. The molecular equivalents of both cellular and serum SF antigen are distinct, large polypeptides, one of which (SF210, MW 210,000) is glycosylated and, on the cell surface, highly susceptible to proteases and accessible to surface iodination. Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy have indicated that the antigen is located in fibrillar structures of the cell surface, membrane ridges, and processes. Human SF antigen is present in human fibroblasts and in human serum. We have recently shown that human SF antigen is identical to what has been known as the “cold‐insoluble globulin” and that it shows affinity toward fibrin and fibrinogen. Our results also indicate that loss of the transformation‐sensitive surface proteins is due not to loss of synthesis but to lack of insertion of the protein in the neoplastic cell surface. Both normal and transformed cells produce the SF antigen, but the latter do not retain it in the cell surface. The loss of SF antigen, a major cell surface component, from malignant cells creates an impressive difference between the surface properties of normal and malignant cells. The possible significance of SF antigen to the integrity of the normal membrane and its interaction to surrounding structures is discussed.
A non-canonical-PPARγ/RXRα-binding sequence regulates leptin expression in response to changes in adipose tissue mass (2018)

Abstract Leptin expression decreases after fat loss and is increased when obesity develops and its proper quantitative regulation is essential for the homeostatic control of fat mass. We previously reported that a distant leptin enhancer (LE1), 16kb upstream from the transcription start site (TSS), confers fat-specific expression in a BAC transgenic reporter mouse (BACTG). However this and the other elements that we identified do not account for the quantitative changes in leptin expression that accompany alterations of adipose mass. In this report, we used ATAC-seq to identify a 17bp non-canonical-PPARγ/RXRα-binding site leptin regulatory element 1 (LepRE1) within LE1, and show that it is necessary for the fat-regulated quantitative control of reporter (luciferase) expression. While BACTG reporter mice with mutations in this sequence still show fat-specific expression, luciferase is no longer decreased after food restriction and weight loss. Similarly the increased expression of leptin reporter associated with obesity in ob/ob mice is impaired. A functionally analogous LepRE1 site is also found in a second, redundant DNA regulatory element 13kb downstream of the TSS. These data uncouple the mechanisms conferring qualitative and quantitative expression of the leptin gene and further suggest that factor(s) that bind to LepRE1 quantitatively control leptin expression and might be components of a lipid sensing system in adipocytes. Significance Leptin gene expression is highly correlated with the lipid content of individual fat cells suggesting that it is regulated by a "fat sensing" signal transduction pathway. This study is thus analogous to studies that led to the identification of a cholesterol-sensing pathway by studying the regulation of the LDL receptor gene by intracellular cholesterol. Several lines of investigation have suggested that, in addition to adipocytes, liver, neurons and other cell types can also sense changes in lipid content though the molecular mechanisms are unknown. The data here provide a critical first step toward elucidating the components of this system, which would be of great importance. These studies also identify a previously underappreciated role of PPARγ/RXRα complex to regulate leptin expression.
Methyl‐jasmonat: Ein kurzer Weg zum Naturstoff und seinem unnatürlichen Enantiomer via Palladium(0)‐induzierte, enantiodivergente Alkylierung von Cyclopent‐2‐en‐1,3‐diol‐Derivaten (1989)

Methyl Jasmonate: A Short Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Methyl Jasmonate and its Unnatural Enantiomer via Enantiodivergent Alkylation of Cyclopent‐2‐ene‐1,3‐diol Derivatives by Palladium(0)‐Induced Reactions Palladium‐catalyzed alkylation of cyclopent‐2‐ene‐1,2‐diol derivatives like 2 is a useful method for enantiodivergent functionalization, resulting in both enantiomeric series of chiral building blocks. The chiral building blocks 3 and 13 can be transformed to methyl jasmonate ( 1 )and its unnatural enantiomer ent ‐ 1 , recent statement [1b] that 1 has no odour at all and that ‘methyl jasmonate's’ fragrance is actually due to its cis ‐isomer ent ‐11 has been confirmed also for the enantiomeric series.
Zwitterionic polymerization of butyl cyanoacrylate by triphenylphosphine and pyridine (1988)

Abstract This paper describes a re‐examination of the kinetics and molecular weights formed in the zwitterionic polymerization of butyl cyanoacrylate by triphenylphosphine (Ph 3 P) and pyridine (Py) in THF, and an extension to include the solvents, diethyl ether (Et 2 O), dimethoxyethane (DME) and hexane. In THF, the previously observed kinetics were confirmed, yielding evidence for absence of termination, and values for rate constants for initiation ( k i ) and propagation ( k p ) with substantial agreement between the values for K p obtained from both systems. At 20°C, the mean value found for k p in THF was 3 · 10 5 l · mol −1 · s −1 ; in Et 2 O, some 10 times lower, and in hexane, 10 times lower again. The temperature dependence of k p in THF was confirmed to be extremely low and anomalous; in Et 2 O rather greater and near‐normal, corresponding to an energy of activation of ca. 5 kcal · mol −1 . A correction procedure enabled the large experimental scatter in the k p values to be reduced sufficiently to reveal trends downwards at higher concentrations of propagating species, i.e. evidence for their dissociation on dilution. In Py‐initiated polymerizations, excess of pyridinium salts did not depress k p ; evidence that the propagating species are preponderately paired ions, not free. It is concluded that at 20°C these species are mainly ‘tight’ ion‐pairs in all solvents, and remain so in Et 2 O at all temperatures down to −80°C. In THF, over this temperature range, there is increasing solvation producing an increasing proportion of more reactive ‘solvent‐separated’ ion‐pairs. The molecular weights produced under all conditions were high ( M n usually 1 to 3 · 10 6 ). Those produced by high concentration of Ph 3 P did not conform to theory; others followed the ‘no‐termination’ theory as modified to allow for a small effect of transfer.
Comparison of Branched and Linear Perfluoropolyether Chains Functionalization on Hydrophobic, Morphological and Conductive Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2018)

The functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) was obtained by generating reactive perfluoropolyether (PFPE) radicals that can covalently bond to MW-CNTs' surface. Branched and linear PFPE peroxides with equivalent molecular weights of 1275 and 1200 amu, respectively, have been thermally decomposed for the production of PFPE radicals. The functionalization with PFPE chains has changed the wettability of MW-CNTs, which switched their behavior from hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic. The low surface energy properties of PFPEs have been transferred to MW-CNTs surface and branched units with trifluoromethyl groups, CF₃, have conferred higher hydrophobicity than linear units. Porosimetry discriminated the effects of PFPE functionalization on meso-porosity and macro-porosity. It has been observed that reactive sites located in MW-CNTs mesopores have been intensively functionalized by branched PFPE peroxide due to its low average molecular weight. Conductivity measurements at different applied pressures have showed that the covalent linkage of PFPE chains, branched as well as linear, weakly modified the electrical conductivity of MW-CNTs. The decomposed portions of PFPE residues, the PFPE chains bonded on carbon nanotubes, and the PFPE fluids obtained by homo-coupling side-reactions were evaluated by mass balances. PFPE-modified MW-CNTs have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), static contact angle (SCA), surface area, and porosity measurements.
Meibomian Gland Therapeutic Expression: Quantifying the Applied Pressure and the Limitation of Resulting Pain (2011)

Forces of significant magnitude are required for therapeutic expression. Pain is the limiting factor for the conduct of this treatment.
Forced Air Plasma Treatment (FAPT) of Hybrid Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)–Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Surfaces (2009)

Forced atmospheric (air) plasma treatment (FAPT) was applied to wood plastic composite (WPC) and continuous glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) surfaces to improve their adhesive bonding properties. The FRP was composed of oriented continuous E-glass fibers in a polypropylene matrix, while the WPC was fabricated using wood flour, polypropylene and additives. The FAPT was applied using two levels of discharge length projected from the discharge head (2.5″ and 1″) to ionize the air, oxidize the surfaces and improve wettability. The treatment was performed by passing the electrode over either surface, five or ten times. Surface characterization consisted of thermodynamic (surface energy determination), chemical (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), mechanical (shear strength) and microscopic (atomic force microscopy (AFM)) analysis. The results indicate that the acid–base component of the surface energy for both WPC and FRP after FAPT correlates with an increase in wettability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed on wood regions and non-wood regions of the WPC surfaces; the oxygen concentration increased to a larger extent in the non-wood regions. Bonding shear strength measurements indicated increases of 50% after FAPT on WPC surfaces (2.5″ discharge length, 1 pass) and up to 200% for the hybrid WPC–FRP. Atomic force microscopy measurements using a silicon tip probe showed increases in adhesive force interactions up to 56% on WPC surfaces post-FAPT.
New Approach in Antenna Design Automation Applied to a Dual-Band GNSS Micro-Array (2021)

This article describes a new approach in antenna design automation. We propose to use a micro-array of coupled antennas loaded by impedances and to perform the optimization of these impedance values in order to reach specific design goals. In particular, we present a demonstration for dual-band GNSS that requires good RHCP gain (in the range -2 dBic to 0 dBic) and low LHCP gain (below -10 dBic). The proposed automated design process has been able to meet these requirements jointly in L2 (1215-1240 MHz) and L1 frequency bands (1560-1610 MHz). A prototype has been fabricated, and characterized in anechoic chamber to validate the proposed design methodology.
Structural design of Hyperelastic Continuum with Simultaneous Constraints on Force and Deformation under Multiple Loading Conditions (2003)

Rubber-like material is frequently used at the contacting condition, and its structural design problem inevitably involves the surface deformation and traction simultaneously as the design objective/constraint, since the surface deformation due to the contacting object sometimes yields the severe stress conditions for the deformable body. This study discusses a structural optimization problem accompaning the deformation constraint at the boundary with surface traction. In order to guarantee desirable pattern of surface traction and deformation even for different resultant, auxiliary forces working at the internal boundary are introduced as an additional design variable. Auxiliary forces gives adaptivity to the structure against the change of load condition. Effectiveness of the proposed idea is demonstrated through a numerical case.
Integrated Geophysical Problems (1990)

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.
Solving Random Systems of Quadratic Equations via Truncated Generalized Gradient Flow (2016)

This paper puts forth a novel algorithm, termed \emph{truncated generalized gradient flow} (TGGF), to solve for $\bm{x}\in\mathbb{R}^n/\mathbb{C}^n$ a system of $m$ quadratic equations $y_i=|\langle\bm{a}_i,\bm{x}\rangle|^2$, $i=1,2,\ldots,m$, which even for $\left\{\bm{a}_i\in\mathbb{R}^n/\mathbb{C}^n\right\}_{i=1}^m$ random is known to be \emph{NP-hard} in general. We prove that as soon as the number of equations $m$ is on the order of the number of unknowns $n$, TGGF recovers the solution exactly (up to a global unimodular constant) with high probability and complexity growing linearly with the time required to read the data $\left\{\left(\bm{a}_i;\,y_i\right)\right\}_{i=1}^m$. Specifically, TGGF proceeds in two stages: s1) A novel \emph{orthogonality-promoting} initialization that is obtained with simple power iterations; and, s2) a refinement of the initial estimate by successive updates of scalable \emph{truncated generalized gradient iterations}. The former is in sharp contrast to the existing spectral initializations, while the latter handles the rather challenging nonconvex and nonsmooth \emph{amplitude-based} cost function. Numerical tests demonstrate that: i) The novel orthogonality-promoting initialization method returns more accurate and robust estimates relative to its spectral counterparts; and ii) even with the same initialization, our refinement/truncation outperforms Wirtinger-based alternatives, all corroborating the superior performance of TGGF over state-of-the-art algorithms.
Flashlight into the Function of Unannotated C11orf52 using Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry (2021)

For an enhanced understanding of the biological mechanisms of human disease, it is essential to investigate protein functions. In a previous study, we developed a prediction method of gene ontology (GO) terms by the I-TASSER/COFACTOR result, and we applied this to uPE1 in chromosome 11. Here, to validate the bioinformatics prediction of C11orf52, we utilized affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify interacting partners of C11orf52. Using immunoprecipitation methods with three different peptide tags (Myc, Flag, and 2B8) in HEK 293T cell lines, we identified 79 candidate proteins that are expected to interact with C11orf52. The results of a pathway analysis of the GO and STRING database with candidate proteins showed that C11orf52 could be related to signaling receptor binding, cell-cell adhesion, and ribosome biogenesis. Then, we selected three partner candidates of DSG1, JUP, and PTPN11 for verification of the interaction with C11orf52 and confirmed them by colocalization at the cell-cell junctions by coimmunofluorescence experiments. On the basis of this study, we expect that C11orf52 is related to the Wnt signaling pathway via DSG1 from the protein-protein interactions, given the results of a comprehensive analysis of the bioinformatic predictions. The data set is available at the ProteomeXchange consortium via PRIDE repository (PXD026986).
The Penetration of Ceftibuten into the Respiratory Tract (1995)

Krumpe, Peter R.; Colucci, Robert; Lin, Chin-Chung; Cayen, Mitchell; Affrime, Melton B. Author Information
Evolutionary Many-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control: From General Optimization to Preference Articulation (2017)

Many real-world optimization problems have more than three objectives, which has triggered increasing research interest in developing efficient and effective evolutionary algorithms for solving many-objective optimization problems. However, most many-objective evolutionary algorithms have only been evaluated on benchmark test functions and few applied to real-world optimization problems. To move a step forward, this paper presents a case study of solving a many-objective hybrid electric vehicle controller design problem using three state-of-the-art algorithms, namely, a decomposition based evolutionary algorithm (MOEA/D), a non-dominated sorting based genetic algorithm (NSGA-III), and a reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm (RVEA). We start with atypical setting aimed at approximating the Pareto front without introducing any user preferences. Based on the analyses of the approximated Pareto front, we introduce a preference articulation method and embed it in the three evolutionary algorithms for identifying solutions that the decision-maker prefers. Our experimental results demonstrate that by incorporating user preferences into many-objective evolutionary algorithms, we are not only able to gain deep insight into the trade-off relationships between the objectives, but also to achieve high-quality solutions reflecting the decision-maker's preferences. In addition, our experimental results indicate that each of the three algorithms examined in this work has its unique advantages that can be exploited when applied to the optimization of real-world problems.
Gallium-nitride-based microcavity light-emitting diodes with air-gap distributed Bragg reflectors (2007)

We report on the realization of highly efficient InGaN microcavity light-emitting diodes incorporating a high index contrast air-gap distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Detailed analysis deduces an effective cavity length of ∼500nm and cavity mode orders of 5 and 6 for measured Fabry-Pérot fringes. A value reflectivity of ∼70% was determined for the 4.5 period air∕Al0.08Ga0.92N DBR through the analysis of cavity finesse based on the angle-resolved photoluminescence (PL) data. A fivefold improvement in light extraction efficiency was verified by electrical probing as well as angle-resolved PL measurements.
Magnetomesogens: Bis(1,3-di(4′-decoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dionato)oxovanadium (IV) (1991)

Abstract β-Diketonate complexes of oxovanadium (IV) have been synthesized and their mesomorphic behaviour investigated. The title complex exhibits a short range monotropic columnar discotic phase, identified by its optical texture and by miscibility studies. The optical texture of the phase is retained on cooling to the crystal. As a consequence of the unpaired electron on vanadium the complexes are paramagnetic.
Fixed-precision estimation of join selectivity (1993)

We compare the performance of sampling-based procedures for estimation of the selectivity of an equijoin. While some of the procedures have been proposed in the database sampling literature, their relative performance has never been analyzed. A main result of this paper is a partial ordering that compares the variability of the estimators for the different procedures after an arbitrary fixed number of sampling steps. Prior to the current work, it was also unknown whether these fixed-step estimation procedures can be extended to asymptotically efficient fixed-precision estimation procedures. Our second main result is a general method for such an extension and a proof that the method is valid for all the estimation procedures under consideration. Finally, we show that, under reasonable assumptions on sampling costs, the partial ordering on the variability of the fixed-step estimation procedures implies a partial ordering on the cost of the corresponding fixed-precision estimation procedures. These results lead to a new algorithm for fixed-precision estimation of the selectivity of an equijoin. The algorithm appears to be the best available when there are no indices on the join key. Our results can be extended to general select-join queries.