gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical and minimally invasive treatment of urinary incontinence. (1999)

Newer agents and procedures give urologists more options in treating patients who have urinary incontinence related to such etiologies as an ineffective sphincter, detrusor hypersensitivity, obstruction, or a combination of these. Abolition of the involuntary contractions characteristic of detrusor instability can be accomplished pharmacologically or surgically. First-line anticholinergic agents are tolterodine and oxybutynin XL, given orally. Alternatively, intravesical administration provides a high concentration of drug, such as capsaicin or resiniferatoxin, at the detrusor muscle level. However, this commits the patient to intermittent self-catheterization. Surgery is reserved for those who have failed prolonged trials of conservative therapies. For patients with intractable urge incontinence, urologists have the new technique of sacral nerve stimulation.
A Small-Molecule Modulator of the Tumor-Suppressor miR34a Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

Small molecules that restore the expression of growth-inhibitory microRNAs (miRNA) downregulated in tumors may have potential as anticancer agents. miR34a functions as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated or silenced commonly in a variety of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we used an HCC cell-based miR34a luciferase reporter system to screen for miR34a modulators that could exert anticancer activity. One compound identified as a lead candidate, termed Rubone, was identified through its ability to specifically upregulate miR34a in HCC cells. Rubone activated miR34a expression in HCC cells with wild-type or mutated p53 but not in cells with p53 deletions. Notably, Rubone lacked growth-inhibitory effects on nontumorigenic human hepatocytes. In a mouse xenograft model of HCC, Rubone dramatically inhibited tumor growth, exhibiting stronger anti-HCC activity than sorafenib both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that Rubone decreased expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and other miR34a target genes and that it enhanced the occupancy of p53 on the miR34a promoter. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for Rubone as a lead candidate for further investigation as a new class of HCC therapeutic based on restoration of miR34a tumor-suppressor function.
Multispin dynamics of the solid-state NMR free induction decay (2005)

We present a new experimental investigation of the NMR free induction decay (FID) in a lattice of spin-$1∕2$ nuclei in a strong Zeeman field. Following a $\ensuremath{\pi}∕2$ pulse, evolution under the secular dipolar Hamiltonian preserves the coherence number in the Zeeman eigenbasis, but changes the number of correlated spins in the state. The observed signal is seen to decay as single-spin, single-quantum coherences evolve into multiple-spin coherences under the action of the dipolar Hamiltonian. In order to probe the multiple-spin dynamics during the FID, we measured the growth of coherence orders in a basis other than the usual Zeeman eigenbasis. This measurement provides the first direct experimental observation of the growth of coherent multiple-spin correlations during the FID. Experiments were performed with a cubic lattice of spins ($^{19}\mathrm{F}$ in calcium fluoride) and a linear spin chain ($^{19}\mathrm{F}$ in fluorapatite). It is seen that the geometrical arrangement of the spins plays a significant role in the development of higher-order correlations. The results are discussed in light of existing theoretical models.
Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Ultralow-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Steel Castings (2019)

Steel castings have been increasingly used in building construction to enhance the seismic resistance of structures. Such castings are designed as yielding fuses that dissipate energy through large inelastic deformations, while the rest of the structure remains mainly elastic. Typically, the governing ultimate limit state of these yielding fuses is their ultralow-cycle fatigue (ULCF) life. This paper presents tests and finite-element analyses of small-scale coupons and full-scale tests of a variety of cast steel yielding connectors—devices that dissipate seismic energy through the inelastic deformation of cast steel triangular yielding fingers. This paper presents results of modeling improvements over previous numerical models of yielding connectors, an optimized material calibration procedure using an automated optimization algorithm and a device-specific ULCF model calibration process, the use of the stress-weighted damage model for fracture prediction that considers the Lode parameter along with the stress triaxiality, and an improved bolt friction model. These enhanced analyses provided good predictions of the onset of failure in full-scale steel castings across various specimen sizes and loading histories.
Porphyrins as Colorimetric Indicators for Detection and Identification of Chemical and Biological Agents (2004)

Scope and Method of Study: The objective of this study was to design sensor surfaces for rapid, real-time, optical detection of chemical/biological warfare agents and/or environmental pollutants that yield a minimum of false readings. Porphyrins were used as colorimetric indicators for transduction in surfaces using biological recognition elements such as enzymes and as combination recognition element/transducer in other surfaces. Immobilization protocols and assaying procedures were developed for each of the sensor surfaces.
Visual Pressure Estimation and Control for Soft Robotic Grippers (2022)

Soft robotic grippers facilitate contact-rich manipulation, including robust grasping of varied objects. Yet the beneficial compliance of a soft gripper also results in significant deformation that can make precision manipulation challenging. We present visual pressure estimation &amp; control (VPEC), a method that infers pressure applied by a soft gripper using an RGB image from an external camera. We provide results for visual pressure inference when a pneumatic gripper and a tendon-actuated gripper make contact with a flat surface. We also show that VPEC enables precision manipulation via closed-loop control of inferred pressure images. In our evaluation, a mobile manipulator (Stretch RE1 from Hello Robot) uses visual servoing to make contact at a desired pressure; follow a spatial pressure trajectory; and grasp small low-profile objects, including a microSD card, a penny, and a pill. Overall, our results show that visual estimates of applied pressure can enable a soft gripper to perform precision manipulation.
LT/Quartz HAL SAW Resonator with Large LT Thickness over Severalfold Wavelength (2019)

A Hetero Acoustic Layer (HAL) surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is a new class of SAW device using a thin LT or LN layer rigidly mounted on a substrate. In the past reports, the LT layer was as thin as 0.13-0.221 (<; 0.7 μm for 1 GHz devices) to obtain a high impedance ratio (e.g. >80 dB), but this range of thickness is not easy to control in mass-production. In this study, we investigated the design space at larger LT thickness by FEM simulation. In the design space near the conventional one, in-band ripples and/or out-of-band spurious responses are generated. If a 1.4 times thicker Al or Cu electrode is combined with a LT layer thicker than a specific value (1λ for Al and 4λ for Cu), however, the ripples and spurious responses almost disappear and the deterioration of impedance ratio is limited. On the other hand, by using further thicker electrodes, a higher mode of SAW is excited preferentially at 2-2.6 times higher frequency than the fundamental mode.
Cathodoluminescence flat lamp using the suspended wire structure (2006)

For large size LCD TV application, the portion of the back-light unit cost is not negligible. We propose the simple flat lamp adopting suspended wire structure, which is comprised of wire inserted between two parallel electrodes. The wire is coated with field emitted or thermionic electron source such as CNTs and (Ba,Sr,Ca)CO/sub 3/. Phosphor layer is formed on one or both of the electrodes. Since the wire structure makes the equi-potential contour around the wire circular under the driving condition, the emitted electrons from the wire can fly very far in horizontal direction. Therefore, the brightness uniformity was obtained across 5" sample could be obtained by utilizing even single wire.
ACCURACY OF PREDICTING LONG-TERM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN OUTCOME BASED ON EARLY PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN RECURRENCE RESULTS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2001)

On group analysis PSA doubling time appeared to be constant with time and there was no evidence that it accelerated with time in our dataset of PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy. On individual analysis early doubling time showed a weak but statistically significant correlation with eventual doubling time. However, there was significant inaccuracy when predicting PSA doubling time based on early PSA values in individuals. Generally early projections of doubling time tend to over predict tumor biological aggressiveness, that is local recurrence or metastasis. A need remains for more accurate predictors of the rate of disease progression at initial PSA recurrence to determine accurately early in the clinical course the patients who may benefit from additional therapy. Currently no patient in our study has died of prostate cancer.
Tempest and typhoon: user-level shared memory (1994)

Future parallel computers must efficiently execute not only hand-coded applications but also programs written in high-level, parallel programming languages. Today’s machines limit these programs to a single communication paradigm, either message-passing or shared-memory,which results in uneven performanceC. Thisp apera ddresses this problem by defining an interface, Tempesr. that exposes low-level communication and memory-system mechanisms so programmers and compilers can customize policies for a given application. Typhoon is a proposed hardwarep latform that implementst hesem echanismsw ith a fully-programmable. user-level processor in the network interface. We demonstrate the utility of Tempest with two examples. First. the St&amp;e protocol uses Tempest’s finegrain access control mechanisms to manage part of a processor’s local memory as a large, fully-associative cache for remote data. We simulated Typhoon on the Wisconsin Wind Tunnel and found that Stache running on Typhoon performs comparably (30%) to an all-hardware DirNNB cache-coherence protocol for five shared-memory programs. Second, we illustrate how programmers or compilers can use Tempest’s flexibility to exploit an application’s sharing patterns with a custom protocol. For the EM3D application, the custom protocol improves performance up to 35% over the all-hardware protocol.
Expression and functionality of the trkA proto-oncogene product/NGF receptor in undifferentiated hematopoietic cells (1994)

The expression of the low-affinity NGF receptor (p75) and the trkA proto-oncogene product was analyzed in a series of human hematopoietic cell lines at protein and RNA levels. We did not detect any form of NGF receptor in cell lines displaying a myelomonocytic phenotype (HL60 and U937). In contrast, cells displaying a more immature erythroleukemic phenotype (TF1 and K562) expressed TrkA in the absence of detectable p75. Scatchard analysis showed a single high-affinity site for NGF (kd = 10(-10) mol/L), with a copy number ranging from 300 to 3,000 sites per cell depending on the studied cell line. In addition, NGF induced autophosphorylation of TrkA and could substitute for granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor to trigger the proliferation of the TF1 cell line, with a half-maximal signal observed at 50 pmol/L, indicating that p75 is not required for DNA synthesis in this cell line. The physiologic relevance of NGF in early hematopoiesis was confirmed by showing that 12% to 15% of progenitor blood cells from mice treated with 5-fluorouracil expressed TrkA and that these cells could be induced to proliferate and differentiate in response to NGF in association with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Our study demonstrates for the first time that trkA proto-oncogene expression and activation is not restricted to the nervous system, but is also an important element in early hematopoiesis.
Inhibition of Na+/K+- and Ca2+-ATPase activities by phosphotetradecavanadate (2019)

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising inorganic inhibitors for P-type ATPases. The experimental models used to study the effects of POMs on these ATPases are usually in vitro models using vesicles from several membrane sources. Very recently, some polyoxotungstates, such as the Dawson anion [P<sub>2</sub>W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>62</sub>]<sup>6-</sup>, were shown to be potent P-type ATPase inhibitors; being active in vitro as well as in ex-vivo. In the present study we broaden the spectrum of highly active inhibitors of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from basal membrane of epithelial skin to the bi-capped Keggin-type anion phosphotetradecavanadate Cs<sub>5.6</sub>H<sub>3.4</sub>PV<sub>14</sub>O<sub>42</sub> (PV<sub>14</sub>) and we confront the data with activity of other commonly encountered polyoxovanadates, decavanadate (V<sub>10</sub>) and monovanadate (V<sub>1</sub>). The X-ray crystal structure of PV<sub>14</sub> was solved and contains two trans-bicapped α-Keggin anions H<sub>x</sub>PV<sub>14</sub>O<sub>42</sub><sup>(9-x)-</sup>. The anion is built up from the classical Keggin structure [(PO<sub>4</sub>)@(V<sub>12</sub>O<sub>36</sub>)] capped by two [VO] units. PV<sub>14</sub> (10 μM) exhibited higher ex-vivo inhibitory effect on Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (78%) than was observed at the same concentrations of V<sub>10</sub> (66%) or V<sub>1</sub> (33%). Moreover, PV<sub>14</sub> is also a potent in vitro inhibitor of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase activity (IC<sub>50</sub> 5 μM) exhibiting stronger inhibition than the previously reported activities for V<sub>10</sub> (15 μM) and V<sub>1</sub> (80 μM). Putting it all together, when compared both P-typye ATPases it is suggested that PV<sub>14</sub> exibited a high potential to act as an in vivo inhibitor of the Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase associated with chloride secretion.
Load adaptive power control in LTE Uplink (2010)

In LTE Uplink, the slow varying pathgain and shadowing are compensated by the standardized open loop power control (OLPC) which is based on a power density offset and a compensating factor for the pathloss experienced by the users. The optimization of those parameters reveals a dependency on the allocated bandwidth. A Load Adaptive Power Control (LAPC) algorithm is proposed to handle the bandwidth variations and ensure optimal system performance. In this contribution it is shown that using closed loop power control commands to adapt the transmission power density to the used bandwidth, it is possible to achieve coverage gains up to 60% while maintaining a cell throughput comparable to the reference case.
Modal Correction Method For Dynamically Induced Errors In Wind-Tunnel Model Attitude Measurements (1995)

This paper describes a method for correcting the dynamically induced bias errors in wind tunnel model attitude measurements using measured modal properties of the model system. At NASA Langley Research Center, the predominant instrumentation used to measure model attitude is a servo-accelerometer device that senses the model attitude with respect to the local vertical. Under smooth wind tunnel operating conditions, this inertial device can measure the model attitude with an accuracy of 0.01 degree. During wind tunnel tests when the model is responding at high dynamic amplitudes, the inertial device also senses the centrifugal acceleration associated with model vibration. This centrifugal acceleration results in a bias error in the model attitude measurement. A study of the response of a cantilevered model system to a simulated dynamic environment shows significant bias error in the model attitude measurement can occur and is vibration mode and amplitude dependent. For each vibration mode contributing to the bias error, the error is estimated from the measured modal properties and tangential accelerations at the model attitude device. Linear superposition is used to combine the bias estimates for individual modes to determine the overall bias error as a function of time. The modal correction model predicts the bias error to a high degree of accuracy for the vibration modes characterized in the simulated dynamic environment.
Highly selective PdZn/ZnO catalysts for the methanol steam reforming reaction (2018)

Catalysts were prepared by impregnation-based method involving excess Cl<sup>−</sup> anion addition to the metal chloride precursors which resulted in improved mixing of metals and led to formation of highly ordered PdZn alloys responsible for high catalytic selectivity.
Experimental investigation on the effect of user's hand proximity on a compact ultrawideband MIMO antenna array (2016)

An experimental study of the interaction between user's hand and an ultrawideband multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna array is presented for mobile terminals. The dual‐element array covers the frequency ranges 698–990 MHz and 1710–5530 MHz with a good efficiency in free space. Depending on the standard, it can be used for channel sensing in cognitive radio networks or for communications in cellular networks. Hand phantoms for three usage scenarios are used for the investigation, namely, personal digital assistant (PDA) right hand, PDA left hand, and two hands. The absorption in the immediate located hand is the main factor causing degradation of the total efficiency (slightly affected by the hand induced changes in the S‐parameters), reduction and imbalance in the antennas mean effective gain contributing to a deteriorated diversity gain (DG). The user caused changes in the antennas radiation patterns reduce the correlation in the lower band which enhance the DG and multiplexing efficiency. The exposure of the hand in each scenario is studied by the specific absorption ratio.
Modeling leakage reduction through pressure control (2006)

Pressure control can be an effective way to reduce leakage in water distribution systems. In this article, the authors present results from an experimental study conducted to determine an appropriate equation to define the flow from leaks. The orifice flow equation is most appropriate in situations in which the dimensionless orifice/soil number—an indicator of head loss caused by orifice losses versus porous media (soil) losses—is large, as it is in most water distribution systems. This finding indicates that flow emitters are an appropriate method to model leaks. The authors also describe the application of computer modeling in a real‐world distribution system and demonstrate how a model can be used to evaluate pressure settings and estimate leak reduction and possible pressure problems. Pressure reduction is most effective when both leakage and pressure are relatively high, flow is controlled by a pressure‐reducing valve or variable‐speed pump, and the terrain is relatively flat. However, as discussed in this article, time‐of‐day control may be needed for pressure control to work.
Generation of 6 µm Radiation by Optical Parametric Oscillator and Difference Frequency Generation in Periodically Poled LiNbO3 (2006)

Radiation in the wavelength range from 6.0 to 6.2 µm, which is in a highly absorptive region of LiNbO3, was generated. A 5 mol % MgO-doped, periodically poled LiNbO3 was used as an optical parametric oscillator. The oscillator was pumped by a Nd:YAG laser with an 11 ns pulse duration. The signal and idler waves generated were focused on another periodically poled LiNbO3 for difference frequency generation. The maximum pulse energy obtained was 0.21 µJ at 6.05 µm.
Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia (2015)

Myopia can cause severe visual impairment. Here, we report a two-stage genome-wide association study for three myopia-related traits in 9,804 Japanese individuals, which was extended with trans-ethnic replication in 2,674 Chinese and 2,690 Caucasian individuals. We identify WNT7B as a novel susceptibility gene for axial length (rs10453441, Pmeta=3.9 × 10(-13)) and corneal curvature (Pmeta=2.9 × 10(-40)) and confirm the previously reported association between GJD2 and myopia. WNT7B significantly associates with extreme myopia in a case-control study with 1,478 Asian patients and 4,689 controls (odds ratio (OR)meta=1.13, Pmeta=0.011). We also find in a mouse model of myopia downregulation of WNT7B expression in the cornea and upregulation in the retina, suggesting its possible role in the development of myopia.
Abstract 32: A Rapid Method for Clinical Diagnosis of Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure (2012)

Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) is a cardiovascular risk that affects 25% of the world’s population due to its resulting hypertension, although independent of BP. Salt-sensitivity is detected with a two week controlled diet, which is difficult to administer in the clinical setting. We therefore developed a rapid method of diagnosis based on exfoliated renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) in urine. Subjects were divided into 3 salt sensitivity index categories: High-Salt-Sensitive (HSS; ≥ 7 mmHg increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) on a high salt diet of 300 mEq of sodium, 17%prevalence), Low-Salt-Sensitive (LSS; ≥ 7 mmHg increase in MAP on a low salt diet of 10 mEq of sodium, 11% prevalence) and Salt Resistant (SR; ≤ 7 mmHg increase in MAP on both high and low salt diets, 72% prevalence) (Carey et al., in review). Three individuals were analyzed in each category on a minimum of 3 separate occasions. Cells were isolated from urine using centrifugation and measured for dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) plasma membrane recruitment using fluorescently-labeled antibodies under a confocal microscope as well as in a flow cytometer. Confocal microscopy analysis (total of 100 RPTCs for the 9 subjects) showed a negative correlation between salt-sensitivity index and D1R surface recruitment in RPTCs in their response to salt stimulation (y = -0.0073x + 0.5248, p = 0.0159). Flow cytometry analysis (total of 4938 RPTCs for the 9 subjects) also demonstrated a negative correlation between salt-induced D1R recruitment and salt-sensitivity (y = -2.547x + 239.97, p &lt; 0.0001). Flow cytometry analysis showed a greater degree of separation amongst the subjects than confocal microscopy analysis, and would allow for a rapid diagnostic use of exfoliated renal cells in urine. Cryopreserved RPTCs (viability = 57.16% ± 9.15%, n = 12) compare favorably with cell viability from freshly voided urine cells and were still capable of eliciting intracellular sodium-mediated D1R recruitment. Cryopreservation thus enables batch collection, transport and processing of specimens between sites. We expect these procedures to provide a novel and convenient method of diagnosing the salt-sensitivity index in humans.
Anionic Polymerization of Vinyl and Related Monomers (2022)

Abstract Vinyl, vinylidene, (meth)acrylic monomers, conjugated dienes can undergo polymerization upon repeated nucleophilic attacks and additions on to their carbon‐carbon double bonds, generating carbanionic growing species. In absence of protic impurities or molecular groups that can react with these propagating carbanionic centers, the latter can be preserved indefinitely. Besides describing the essential features of anionic polymerization, of its initiation and propagation steps, this review also focuses on the opportunities unleashed in macromolecular engineering by the “living” nature of anionic polymerization. Examples of well‐defined macromolecular architectures obtained by anionic polymerization are reported.