gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-domain optical imaging: discrimination between scattering and absorption (1999)

A technique for discriminating between scattering and absorbing inclusions located in the center of a scattering slab is presented. The technique is based on an empirical model that provides a simple mathematical expression to describe the change in the time-resolved transmission resulting from the presence of an inclusion. Experimental results from various configurations show that the technique allows for proper recognition of the type of an inclusion whether it is scattering or absorbing. This technique is a significant step toward tissue differentiation.
Content Size-Aware Edge Caching: A Size-Weighted Popularity-Based Approach (2018)

In this paper, content caching is considered at the edge of the network with an objective of offloading recurrent traffic on the capacity-stringent backhaul links to the vicinity of end users. A radio access network equipped with edge servers is considered for caching contents of various sizes, based on which problems of maximizing the edge cache-hit-ratio and minimizing the average content-provisioning cost are respectively formulated. To solve the underlying 0-1 Knapsack problem, a size-weighted popularity (SWP)-based caching framework is proposed, where both content popularity and content size are taken into account when determining the contents to be cached. Depending on the available knowledge and the manner in which the contents are pre-fetched and cached at the edge servers, two algorithms: proactive and reactive, are proposed for the implementation of SWP-based caching. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms. We observe a fundamental tradeoff between the average content-provisioning cost and the cache-hit-ratio, and the proactive algorithm outperforms the reactive algorithm.
Regioselective acylation of carbohydrates and polyester synthesis by lipase catalysis (1998)

The lipases' high regio- and enantioselectivity, activity inorganic solvent and environmentally compatible reactionconditions have made lipase-catalysis based synthesis anattractive alternative to conventional synthetic methods inorganic chernistry and a new synthetic tool in polymerchemistry.The regioselective acylation of methy1 glycopyranosides wereinvestigated using several serine hydrolases. All activelipases preferentiahy acylated the primary alcohol group of themethy1 glycopyranosides. There were two tonfiguration effectscontributing to the acylation rate and hence enzymespecificity, namely the equatoriali axial position of thesecondary alcohol grottps and the anomeric tonfiguration. Whichone of the two effects that had the greatest impact on theacylation rate depended on the lipase species.The lipaseBderived from theyeast Cundida unturcticawas shown to be a very efftcient catalyst in the synthesisof poly(&-caprolactone) (PCL). The highest average Mwand fastest polymerisation rate was obtained whenthe polymerisation was conducted without solvent, bulkpolymerisation. In organic solvent, at high dilution, C.anturcticu lipase B formed macrocycles of up to 196 atoms,which are the largest macrocycles synthesised by lipasecatalysis so far reported.C.anturcticalipaseBwas efftcient in combining the regioselectiveacylation of polyols and polyester synthesis. For examplemethy1 6-0-poly(&-caprolactone)glycopyranosides and apoly(&-caprolactone) mono substituted furst generationdendrimer were synthesised.Based on the mechanism of lipase-catalysed ring-openingpolymerisation synthetic strategies to obtain variousend-functionaliscd PCL by initiation and termination reactionswere developed. In the termination reaction, the importante ofhaving a fast reacting acyl donor was elucidated. If this wasnot the case the PCL could att as the acyl donor instead ofbeing the acyl acceptor. The end-functionalised products weredesigned to be used as starting materials for furthertransformations by biocatalysis or chemical catalysis toproduce novel materials.Keywords:lipase, catalysis, regioselectivity,specificity, ring-opening polymerisation,poly(&-caprolactone), macrocycles,Candida antarctica,methy1 glycopyranosides, end-group functionalisations,matromonomers, initiation, termination.
An Extension of the Vector Space Model for Querying XML Documents via XML Fragments 1 (2002)

To date, most of the work on XML query and search has stemmed from the document management and database communities and from the information needs of business applications, as evidenced by existing XML query languages such as W3C&amp;apos;s XQuery, which is strongly inspired by SQL. We propose here to extend the realm of XML by supporting the information needs of users wishing to query XML collections in a flexible way without knowing much about the documents structure. Rather than inventing a new query language, we suggest to query XML documents via pieces of XML documents or “XML fragments ” of the same nature as the documents that are queried. We then present an extension of the vector space model for searching XML collections and ranking search results by relevance 1
Thermal-wet model of knitted double jersey based on backpropagation algorithm of neural network (2020)

In this article, thermal resistance test and water vapor resistance test were experimented to obtain data of heat and humidity performance. Canonical correlation analysis was used on determining influence of basic fabric parameters on heat and humidity performance. Thermal resistance model and water vapor resistance model were established with a three-layered feedforward-type neural network. For the generalization of the network and the difficulty of determining the optimal network structure, trainbr was chosen as training algorithm to find the relationship between input factors and output data. After training and verification, the number of hidden layer neurons in the thermal resistance model was 12, and the error reached 10 −3 . In the water vapor resistance model, the number of hidden layer neurons was 10, and the error reached 10 −3 .
FANCMc.5791C>T nonsense mutation (rs144567652) induces exon skipping, affects DNA repair activity and is a familial breast cancer risk factor (2015)

Numerous genetic factors that influence breast cancer risk are known. However, approximately two-thirds of the overall familial risk remain unexplained. To determine whether some of the missing heritability is due to rare variants conferring high to moderate risk, we tested for an association between the c.5791C>T nonsense mutation (p.Arg1931*; rs144567652) in exon 22 of FANCM gene and breast cancer. An analysis of genotyping data from 8635 familial breast cancer cases and 6625 controls from different countries yielded an association between the c.5791C>T mutation and breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 3.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-12.11; P = 0.017)]. Moreover, we performed two meta-analyses of studies from countries with carriers in both cases and controls and of all available data. These analyses showed breast cancer associations with OR = 3.67 (95% CI = 1.04-12.87; P = 0.043) and OR = 3.33 (95% CI = 1.09-13.62; P = 0.032), respectively. Based on information theory-based prediction, we established that the mutation caused an out-of-frame deletion of exon 22, due to the creation of a binding site for the pre-mRNA processing protein hnRNP A1. Furthermore, genetic complementation analyses showed that the mutation influenced the DNA repair activity of the FANCM protein. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time showing that the common p.Arg1931* loss-of-function variant in FANCM is a risk factor for familial breast cancer.
Poly(β-L-malic acid) production by diverse phylogenetic clades of Aureobasidium pullulans (2011)

Poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMA) is a natural biopolyester that has pharmaceutical applications and other potential uses. In this study, we examined PMA production by 56 strains of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans representing genetically diverse phylogenetic clades. Thirty-six strains were isolated from various locations in Iceland and Thailand. All strains from Iceland belonged to a newly recognized clade 13, while strains from Thailand were distributed among 8 other clades, including a novel clade 14. Thirty of these isolates, along with 26 previously described strains, were examined for PMA production in medium containing 5% glucose. Most strains produced at least 4 g PMA/L, and several strains in clades 9, 11, and 13 made 9-11 g PMA/L. Strains also produced both pullulan and heavy oil, but PMA isolated by differential precipitation in ethanol exhibited up to 72% purity with no more than 12% contamination by pullulan. The molecular weight of PMA from A. pullulans ranged from 5.1 to 7.9 kDa. Results indicate that certain genetic groups of A. pullulans are promising for the production of PMA.
Instrumentation for in vivo bimodal spectroscopy (autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance): experimental validation and preliminary results (2007)

International audience
High temperature continuous wave 1300 nm vertical cavity lasers (2002)

Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at 1310/1550 nm have many potential applications in emerging fiber-optic networks. We describe 1300 nm VCSELs with an integrated 850 nm VCSEL optical pump. Large multi-mode devices exhibit 2 mW room temperature CW (RTCW) power, and CW operation to 700 C, while smaller single-mode devices show 1.3 mW RTCW power with CW operation to 800 C.
A Mild and Effective Method for the Transesterification of Carboxylic Acid Esters P.B. and R.M. are grateful to the Land Baden-Württemberg for a scholarship from the Landesgraduiertenförderung. (2001)

An extraordinarily versatile transesterification of simple or highly functionalized esters of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids in high yields is catalyzed by dibutyltin oxide [Eq. (1)]. The reaction is compatible with several functional groups, for example, acetals, ketals, aliphatic bromides, enol ethers, urethanes, as well as free hydroxy, phenolic, and amino groups, and even with water.
Marine acquisition using autonomous marine vehicles: A field experiment (2014)

Summary In the summer of 2013, a field test was conducted in the Gulf of Mexico to acquire seismic data during an ocean-bottom node (OBN) survey using unmanned water vehicles, or wave gliders, towing a miniature streamer. The wave gliders use wave energy to move in the water and could be programmed to follow a certain path or to hold station. Potential geophysical applications of the waveglider platform marine acquisition are attractive, provided issues related to operational implementation and costs can be resolved satisfactorily. We present the results of this test and compare the seismic data acquired with the wave gliders and OBN.
Supplemental methods and tables from ADCT-301, a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Dimer–Containing Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targeting CD25-Expressing Hematological Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental methods and tables&lt;/p&gt;
Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in EH-enabled CR Networks for IoT (2018)

With the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the next generation mobile networks demand for more operating frequency bands. By leveraging the underutilized radio spectrum, the cognitive radio (CR) technology is considered as a promising solution for spectrum scarcity problem of IoT applications. In parallel with the development of CR techniques, Wireless Energy Harvesting (WEH) is considered as one of the emerging technologies to eliminate the need of recharging or replacing the batteries for IoT and CR networks. To this end, we propose to utilize WEH for CR networks in which the CR devices are not only capable of sensing the available radio frequencies in a collaborative manner but also harvesting the wireless energy transferred by an Access Point (AP). More importantly, we design an optimization framework that captures a fundamental tradeoff between energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) of the network. In particular, we formulate a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem that maximizes EE while taking into consideration of users' buffer occupancy, data rate fairness, energy causality constraints and interference constraints. We further prove that the proposed optimization framework is an NP-Hard problem. Thus, we propose a low complex heuristic algorithm, called INSTANT, to solve the resource allocation and energy harvesting optimization problem. The proposed algorithm is shown to be capable of achieving near optimal solution with high accuracy while having polynomial complexity. The efficiency of our proposal is validated through well designed simulations.
Pulsed light imaging for wide-field dosimetry of photodynamic therapy in the skin (2014)

Photodynamic therapy using aminoluvelinic acid (ALA) is an FDA-approved treatment for actinic keratoses, pre-cancerous skin lesions which pose a significant risk for immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients. While PDT is generally effective, response rates vary, largely due to variations in the accumulation of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after ALA application. The ability to quantify PpIX production before treatment could facilitate the use of additional interventions to improve outcomes. While many groups have demonstrated the ability to image PpIX in the clinic, these systems generally require darkening the room lights during imaging, which is unpopular with clinicians. We have developed a novel wide-field imaging system based on pulsed excitation and gated acquisition to image photosensitizer activity in the skin. The tissue is illuminated using four pulsed LED’s to excite PpIX, and the remitted light acquired with a synchronized ICCD. This approach facilitates real-time background subtraction of ambient light, precluding the need to darken the exam room. Delivering light in short bursts also allows the use of elevated excitation intensity while remaining under the maximum permissible exposure limits, making the modality more sensitive to photosensitizer fluorescence than standard approaches. Images of tissue phantoms indicate system sensitivity down to 250nM PpIX and images of animals demonstrate detection of PpIX fluorescence in vivo under normal room light conditions.
Continuous and discrete signals and systems (1990)

1. Representing Signals. Continuous-Time vs. Discrete-Time Signals. Periodic vs. Aperiodic Signals. Energy and Power Signals. Transformations of the Independent Variable. Elementary Signals. Other Types of Signals. 2. Continuous - Time Systems. Classification of Continuous-Time Systems. Linear Time- Invariant Systems. Properties of Linear Time-Invariant Systems. Systems Described by Differential Equations. State Variable Representations. 3. Fourier Series. Orthogonal Representations of Signals. The Exponential Fourier Series. Dirichlet conditions. Properties of the Fourier Series. Systems with Periodic Inputs. The Gibbs Phenomenon. 4. The Fourier Transform. The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform. Properties of the Fourier Transform. Applications of the Fourier Transform. Duration-Bandwidth Relationships. 5. The Laplace Transform. The Bilateral Laplace Transform. The Unilateral Laplace Transform. Bilateral Transforms Using Unilateral Transforms. Properties of the Unilateral Laplace Transform. The Inverse Laplace Transform. Simulation Diagrams for Continuous-Time Systems. Applications of the Laplace Transform. State Equations and the Laplace Transform. Stability in the s Domain. 6. Discrete-Time Systems. Elementary Discrete-Time Signals. Discrete-Time Systems. Periodic Convolution. Difference-Equation Representation of Discrete-Time Systems. Stability of Discrete Time Systems. 7. Fourier Analysis of Discrete-Time Systems. Fourier-Series Representation of Discrete-Time Periodic Signals. The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform. Properties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform. Fourier Transform of Sampled Continuous-Time Signals. 8. The Z-Transform. The Z-Transform. Convergence of the Z-Transform. Properties of the Z-Transform. The Inverse Z-Transform. Z-Transfer Functions of Casual Discrete-Time Systems. Z-Transform Analysis of State-Variable Systems. Relation Between the Z-Transform and the Laplace Transform. 9. The Discrete Fourier Transform. The Discrete Fourier Transform and Its Inverse. Properties of the DFT. Linear Convolution Using the DFT. Fast Fourier Transforms. Spectral Estimation of Analog Signals Using the DFT. 10. Design of Analog and Digital Filters. Frequency Transformations. Design of Analog Filters. Digital Filters. Appendices.
Tailoring CO2 Reduction with Doped Silicon Nanocrystals (2017)

Abstract More than 20 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere every year. The conversion of CO 2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels by solar energy is an immediate solution to mitigate CO 2 emissions, while providing global energy security. In this work, boron‐ and phosphorus‐doped silicon nanocrystals (ncSi), comprised of three earth‐abundant elements, are investigated for gas‐phase heterogeneous photoreduction of CO 2 for the first time. Surface dopants are demonstrated to induce CO 2 adsorption capacity. Remarkably, phosphorus‐doped ncSi is found to be the best performer among the singly doped and co‐doped ncSi samples, doubling the rate of pristine ncSi. The enhancement of activity is attributed to the combination of the number of surface hydrides, its surface hydrophobicity, the addition of electronegative surface atoms, and perhaps an enhanced hydridic character of the SiH induced by the n‐doping effect. Significantly, boron and phosphorus dopants are shown to provide increased stability of CO 2 reduction activity compared to pristine ncSi after storing the samples in air for 2 weeks. These noteworthy findings open up a pathway to develop sustainable alternatives for existing photocatalysts for CO 2 conversion.
Novel RF and chip-to-chip interconnects (M-VII) (2011)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings record.
CD24 and APC Genetic Polymorphisms in Pancreatic Cancers as Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Outcome (2015)

Specific polymorphisms in the APC and CD24 genes may play a role in pancreatic cancer development. Correlation with survival requires a larger cohort.
Characterization of the functional properties of the 70-kDa protein of Mycobacterium bovis. (1991)

A number of mycobacterial proteins have been shown to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses, including the 70-kDa antigen (p70) of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium bovis. On the basis of sequence homology and an ATP binding ability, p70 has previously been tentatively allocated to the 70-kDa family of heat shock proteins (hsp70). We have purified the M. bovis p70 antigen and described ATPase and Ca(2+)-dependent autophosphorylating activities. These co-purified with p70 on gel chromatography and were up-regulated by native proteins and down-regulated by peptides. Inhibitory peptides were shown to bind p70. These data imply close functional similarities of mycobacterial p70 to other members of the hsp70 family, the Escherichia coli homologue dnaK in particular.
Electrical tuning of the polarization state of light using graphene-integrated anisotropic metasurfaces (2017)

Plasmonic metasurfaces have been employed for moulding the flow of transmitted and reflected light, thereby enabling numerous applications that benefit from their ultra-thin sub-wavelength format. Their appeal is further enhanced by the incorporation of active electro-optic elements, paving the way for dynamic control of light's properties. In this paper, we realize a dynamic polarization state generator using a graphene-integrated anisotropic metasurface (GIAM) that converts the linear polarization of the incident light into an elliptical one. This is accomplished by using an anisotropic metasurface with two principal polarization axes, one of which possesses a Fano-type resonance. A gate-controlled single-layer graphene integrated with the metasurface was employed as an electro-optic element controlling the phase and intensity of light polarized along the resonant axis of the GIAM. When the incident light is polarized at an angle to the resonant axis of the metasurface, the ellipticity of the reflected light can be dynamically controlled by the application of a gate voltage. Thus accomplished dynamic polarization control is experimentally demonstrated and characterized by measuring the Stokes polarization parameters. Large changes of the ellipticity and the tilt angle of the polarization ellipse are observed. Our measurements show that the tilt angle can be changed from positive values through zero to negative values while keeping the ellipticity constant, potentially paving the way to rapid ellipsometry and other characterization techniques requiring fast polarization shifting.This article is part of the themed issue 'New horizons for nanophotonics'.
An Optokinetic Nystagmus Detection Method for Use With Young Children (2015)

The detection of vision problems in early childhood can prevent neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia. However, accurate clinical assessment of visual function in young children is challenging. optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a reflexive sawtooth motion of the eye that occurs in response to drifting stimuli, that may allow for objective measurement of visual function in young children if appropriate child-friendly eye tracking techniques are available. In this paper, we present offline tools to detect the presence and direction of the optokinetic reflex in children using consumer grade video equipment. Our methods are tested on video footage of children ([Formula: see text] children and 20 trials) taken as they freely observed visual stimuli that induced horizontal OKN. Using results from an experienced observer as a baseline, we found the sensitivity and specificity of our OKN detection method to be 89.13% and 98.54%, respectively, across all trials. Our OKN detection results also compared well (85%) with results obtained from a clinically trained assessor. In conclusion, our results suggest that OKN presence and direction can be measured objectively in children using consumer grade equipment, and readily implementable algorithms.
YBCO Coated Conductor with an Integrated Optical Fiber Sensor (2016)

The primary objectives of the Phase I Project was to develop a proof-of-principle for a concept of integrating an optical fiber sensor into the laminated 2G wire, there by producing a functionalized 2G wire with self-monitoring capabilities