gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Substituted Phosphine and Phosphite Rhodium Complexes and their Catalytic Properties in Hydrogenation Reactions (2007)

Abstract Mixed N‐heterocyclic carbene‐substituted phosphine and phosphite complexes of rhodium were prepared, starting from [Rh(COE) 2 Cl] 2 (COE=cyclooctene) by addition of free N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) and PR 3 . All new complexes were characterized by spectroscopy. In addition, the structures of trans ‐chloro(1,3‐dicyclohexylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) ‐ bis(triphenylphosphite)rhodium(I) ( 5 ), chloro‐ trans ‐bis(1,3‐dicyclohexylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) (triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) ( 6 ), and chloro(η 4 ‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene)(1,3‐di‐[(1 R ,2 S ,5 R )‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐menthylcyclohex‐1‐yl]imidazol‐2‐ylidene)rhodium(I) ( 8 ) were determined by single crystal X‐ray analyses. The hydrogenation of cyclohexene using molecular hydrogen has been optimized for some N‐heterocyclic carbene‐substituted phosphine and phosphite rhodium complexes by variation of the reaction conditions.
Mechanism of Resistance of Hepatitis C Virus Replicons to Structurally Distinct Cyclophilin Inhibitors (2010)

The current standard of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, pegylated alpha interferon in combination with ribavirin, has a limited response rate and adverse side effects. Drugs targeting viral proteins are in clinical development, but they suffer from the development of high viral resistance. The inhibition of cellular proteins that are essential for viral amplification is thought to have a higher barrier to the emergence of resistance. Three cyclophilin inhibitors, the cyclosporine analogs DEBIO-025, SCY635, and NIM811, have shown promising results for the treatment of HCV infection in early clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the frequency and mechanism of resistance to cyclosporine (CsA), NIM811, and a structurally unrelated cyclophilin inhibitor, SFA-1, in replicon-containing Huh7 cells. Cross-resistance between all clones was observed. NIM811-resistant clones were selected only after obtaining initial resistance to either CsA or SFA-1. The time required to select resistance against cyclophilin inhibitors was significantly longer than that required for resistance selection against viral protein inhibitors, and the achievable resistance level was substantially lower. Resistance to cyclophilin inhibitors was mediated by amino acid substitutions in NS3, NS5A, and NS5B, with NS5A mutations conferring the majority of resistance. Mutation D320E in NS5A mediated most of the resistance conferred by NS5A. Taken together, the results indicate that there is a very low frequency and level of resistance to cyclophilin-binding drugs mediated by amino acid substitutions in three viral proteins. The interaction of cyclophilin with NS5A seems to be the most critical, since the NS5A mutations have the largest impact on resistance.
Electroluminescence evolution of Ge quantum-dot diodes with the fold number (2004)

We observed intensity enchantment and blue shift versus temperature for a LEDs consisting of 30-fold Ge QDs. The diffusion length on p-side is controlled by temperature and will active more QDs at room temperature.
Supplementary Tables 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15 from Combined Analysis of Antigen Presentation and T-cell Recognition Reveals Restricted Immune Responses in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15&lt;/p&gt;
P‐104: A New Cathode Treatment Method in CNT‐FED Manufacturing (2007)

Abstract The sand‐paper impression method was investigated in field emission display. Using surface morphology of printed CNTs and physical surface treatments, a 25 mm × 25 mm CNT‐Device with a space of less than 400 μm was fabricated to improve the CNT emission characters. The experimental results illustrated that CNT emission could be obtained quite easily and at low cost for CTN‐FED manufacturing.
10 x 132 CMOS/CCD readout with 25 μm pitch and on-chip signal processing including CDS and TDI (1992)

A 10 x 132 CMOS/CCD readout has been developed for low background (photon incidence less than 10 exp 12 photons/sq cm s) IR applications requiring fine orthoscan pitch (25 microns), on-chip signal processing including time delay integration (TDI) and correlated double sampling, high sensitivity, and high speed at operating temperatures compatible with passive or thermoelectric coolers. When hybridized to SWIR (2.5 microns) detectors, TDI channel read noise of not greater than 10 e(-) was measured at 145 K operating temperature. This implies a minimum per pixel read noise of about 3 electrons, approaching the goal of about 1 e(-) read noise needed for stringent SWIR applications including NASA's MOI and NGST missions.
Data from Proteolytic Activation of Pro-Macrophage-Stimulating Protein by Hepsin (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is a plasminogen-related growth factor and ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase RON. The MSP/RON system promotes wound healing and invasive tumor growth and suppresses proinflammatory immune response. MSP binding to RON requires proteolytic conversion of the inactive single-chain form (pro-MSP) into the disulfide-linked α/β heterodimer. The pro-MSP cleavage sequence (Ser-Lys-Leu-Arg&lt;sup&gt;483&lt;/sup&gt;↓Val&lt;sup&gt;484&lt;/sup&gt;) closely matches the substrate recognition sequences of hepsin, a type II transmembrane serine protease, that is overexpressed in several cancers. Here, we show that recombinant hepsin cleaves pro-MSP at the consensus site Arg&lt;sup&gt;483&lt;/sup&gt;-Val&lt;sup&gt;484&lt;/sup&gt; with superior efficiency compared with the known activators MT-SP1 and hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA). At least 50% of pro-MSP was processed within 1 hour at a hepsin concentration of 2.4 nmol/L and at a molar enzyme to substrate ratio of 1:500. An uncleavable single-chain variant of MSP weakly bound to a RON–Fc fusion protein, whereas hepsin-cleaved MSP bound with a &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; of 10.3 nmol/L, suggesting that the high-affinity binding site in MSP β-chain was properly formed. LNCaP prostate cancer cells overexpressing hepsin on the cell surface efficiently activated pro-MSP, which was blocked by a specific anti-hepsin antibody. Incubation of pro-MSP with hepsin led to robust RON-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, ribosomal S6 protein, and Akt in human A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells stably expressing RON protein. In macrophages, pro-MSP with hepsin induced chemotaxis and attenuated lipopolysaccharide-dependent production of nitric oxide. These findings suggest that the MSP/RON signaling pathway may be regulated by hepsin in tissue homeostasis and in disease pathologies, such as in cancer and immune disorders. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 9(9); 1175–86. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optical discrimination of threading dislocations in 4H-SiC epitaxial layer by phase-contrast microscopy (2018)

The superior nondestructive distinguishability of threading screw dislocations and threading edge dislocations in SiC epitaxial layers by phase-contrast microscopy using our optical system was demonstrated by comparing our experimental results with those obtained by conventional polarized light microscopy, photoluminescence topography, and KOH etching. It was confirmed that phase-contrast microscopy was more effective than polarized light microscopy in terms of the nondestructive discrimination of threading dislocations.
Growth of the Eaton Agent of Primary Atypical Pneumonia in Chick Entodermal Tissue Culture. (1960)

The Eaton agent of primary atypical pneumonia was carried through 2 series of 10 and 6 passages respectively, in chick entodermal cell cultures, indicating growth of the agent in this cell system. Cytopathic effects were not seen and fluorescent antibody staining of the infected cells by the indirect method was negative. The agent was demonstrated in fluids from the infected cultures by subinoculation to chick embryos and fluorescent antibody staining of lung sections.
Improved degraded document recognition with hybrid modeling techniques and character n-grams (2002)

A robust multifont character recognition system for degraded documents, such as photocopy or fax, is described. The system is based on hidden Markov models using discrete and hybrid modeling techniques, where the latter makes use of an information theory-based neural network. The presented recognition results refer to the SEDAL-database of English documents using no dictionary. It is also demonstrated that the usage of a language model that consists of character n-grams yields significantly better recognition results. Our resulting system clearly outperforms commercial systems and leads to further error rate reductions compared to previous results reached on this database.
New Surface Treatment Using Shot Blast for Improving Oxidation Resistance of TiAl-Base Alloys (2000)

A new surface treatment by shot blasts using WO3 powder has been developed. This has been most effective in improving the cyclic oxidation resistance of TiAl-base alloy in air and in a diesel engine exhaust gas atmosphere up to 1223 K. This effect is attributed to the formation of an Al2O3 layer in an oxidizing atmosphere. The above layer is supposed to be formed as follows: Since the WO3 powder is shot repeatedly during the surface treatment, a WO3 layer adhering to the substrate is formed on the surface. This layer causes the preferential oxidation of aluminum at the early stage of oxidation, resulting in the formation of a sound and continuous Al2O3 layer. The developed surface treatment gives the same oxidation resistance as that of nickel-base superalloy Inconel 713C up to 1223 K, and is applicable to complex-shape parts with as-cast skin surfaces, such as turbocharger wheels.
Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome (2016)

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host-symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human-bed bug and symbiont-bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite.
Activation of the Akt–CREB signalling axis by a proline‐rich heptapeptide confers resistance to stress‐induced cell death and inflammation (2017)

Cell stress of various kinds can lead to the induction of cell death and a damaging inflammatory response. Hence, a goal of therapeutic cell-stress management is to develop agents that might effectively regulate undesirable cell death and inflammation. To that end, we developed a synthetic peptide of seven amino acids based on structural mimicry to a functional domain of p53, a key factor in the responses of cells to stressful stimuli. This heptapeptide, which we term Stressin-1, was found to inhibit both cell death and the secretion of inflammatory mediators by various cell types in response to different stressful agents in vitro. The combined anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities of Stressin-1 were associated with a cellular signalling cascade that induced activation of Akt kinase and activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor. These immediate signalling events led to the inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear factor-κB pathways 24 hr later. Unexpectedly, we found no evidence for a direct involvement of p53 in the effects produced by Stressin-1. Intraperitoneal administration of 100 μg of Stressin-1 to lethally irradiated mice significantly protected them from death. These findings show that activating the Akt-CREB axis with Stressin-1 can counteract some of the undesirable effects of various cell stresses. Stressin-1 may have clinical usefulness.
Evaluating thein vivoglial response to miniaturized parylene cortical probes coated with an ultra-fast degrading polymer to aid insertion (2018)

These results suggest that: (1) the degree of mechanical trauma at device implantation and mechanical mismatches at the probe-tissue interface affect long term gliosis; (2) smaller, more flexible probes may minimize the glial response to provide improved tissue biocompatibility when used for chronic neural signal recording; and (3) some degree of glial scarring did not significantly affect neuronal distribution around the probe.
Impact of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 on prostate cancer aggressiveness: Lessons from a contemporary single institution radical prostatectomy series. (2014)

15 Background: This retrospective study was conducted to better evaluate the impact of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 (TP5) on tumor pathological features and biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,965 patients who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer; TP5 was reported in 159 cases (8.1%). Men with Gleason score (GS) 7 and GS 8 disease were divided into two subgroups, with and without TP5, and histopathologic features were compared. Multivariate analyses and Kaplan-Meier curves were conducted to assess the impact on TP5 on biochemical-free survival (BFS). Results: Tumors possessing GS 3 + 4 with TP5 were significantly more likely to exhibit extraprostatic extension (EPE) and have a larger tumor diameter (TD) than GS 3 + 4 alone. GS 3 + 4 with TP5 was also associated with positive surgical margins (SM), seminal vesicle involvement (SVI), and higher pre-operative PSA values, but without statistical significance. GS 4 + 3 with TP5 more commonly presented with EPE, positive SM, SVI, and greater TD and PSA than GS 4 + 3 alone, with significance. In multivariate analysis, TP5 was shown to be an independent risk factor for PSA recurrence (Table). Additionally, GS 4 + 3 with TP5 was associated with shorter time to recurrence versus GS 4 + 3 alone. Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of high-grade tertiary patterns and suggest that criteria for tertiary pattern reporting in prostate cancer should be standardized. In addition, further studies are needed to evaluate the role of tertiary patterns in prognostic models. [Table: see text]
Characterization of Seven Genes Affecting Caenorhabditis elegans Hindgut Development (1999)

We have identified and characterized 12 mutations in seven genes that affect the development of the Caenorhabditis elegans hindgut. We find that the mutations can disrupt the postembryonic development of the male-specific blast cells within the hindgut, the hindgut morphology in both males and hermaphrodites, and in some cases, the expression of a hindgut marker in hermaphrodite animals. Mutations in several of the genes also affect viability. On the basis of their mutant phenotypes, we propose that the genes fall into four distinct classes: (1) egl-5 is required for regional identity of the tail; (2) sem-4 is required for a variety of ectodermal and mesodermal cell types, including cells in the hindgut; (3) two genes, lin-49 and lin-59, affect development of many cells, including hindgut; and (4) three genes, mab-9, egl-38, and lin-48, are required for patterning fates within the hindgut, making certain hindgut cells different from others. We also describe a new allele of the Pax gene egl-38 that is temperature sensitive and affects the conserved beta-hairpin of the EGL-38 paired domain. Our results suggest that a combination of different factors contribute to normal C. elegans hindgut development.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Base‐Promoted Oxidative Rearrangement of 2‐Methyl‐4‐ Substituted Phenols to 1,2‐(Methylenedioxy)‐4‐Substituted Benzenes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDOPYRIMIDINES. 6. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONS IN THE PYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINE SERIES (1977)

Abstract 6‐Amino‐2‐methylthio‐4‐oxo‐pyrimidin (I) reagiert mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II) in schlechter Ausbeute zu einem Cycloaddukt (III).
Advanced neural network training methods for low false alarm stock trend prediction (2002)

Two possible neural network architectures for stock market forecasting are the time-delay neural network and the recurrent neural network. In this paper we explore two effective techniques for the training of the above networks: the conjugate gradient algorithm and multi-stream extended Kalman filter. We are particularly interested in limiting false alarms, which correspond to actual investment losses. Encouraging results have been obtained when using the above techniques.
Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Thin Films Deposited by Spray Coating for High Capacitance Density Capacitors (2018)

Metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) capacitors with Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 (BST) thin films as insulating layers are fabricated using a novel, fast, and low‐cost method. On one hand, the process lies in the swift, continuous, and scalable synthesis of BST nanoparticles using the supercritical fluid technology and, on the other hand, the nonpyrolytic spray coating of thin films using colloidal nanocrystals as ink. The authors focus on the deposition process of thin and uniform layer. A dispersed colloidal suspension based on BST nanoparticles is deposited on a hot copper substrate. A 200 nm thick dielectric film is successfully obtained. Electrical characterizations of Cu/BST/Al MIM structure demonstrate a state‐of‐the‐art capacitance density almost reaching 1 µF cm −2 within an operating voltage range of ±1 V. Moreover, an annealing process of the dielectric layer and the final MIM capacitor at 90 °C during 15 h brings a significant decrease of the leakage current by three decades from mA cm −2 to µA cm −2 .
Design of a prototype handheld nanoliter pipette (2016)

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Properties and performance of the LiCaAlF 6 :Cr 3+ laser material (1990)

The laser properties of the LiCaAlF<sub>6</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> (Cr:LiCAF) material are reviewed. The impact of the absorption and emission spectra on the laser performance is discussed. Laser-pumping and flashlamp-pumping experiments have shown that Cr:LiCAF has potential for high efficiency, although the presence of scattering losses remains a significant problem. The "gradient freeze" growth technique has been found to generate lower-loss material compared to Czochralski growth. The thermal lensing of Cr:LiCAF has been measured to be small and is in rough agreement with the magnitude expected on the basis of the intrinsic thermo-optical properties.
An Improved Algorithm for Roadside Change Detection with Shadow Correction (2008)

To supplement our multimodal object detection system, designed to identify `suspicious' objects along a roadside during troop movement, we have implemented a change detection feature. As a pre-processing step, a shadow-removal algorithm is introduced to minimize false positives and false negatives caused by temporal variations in natural light.
Electrocorticographic dissociation of alpha and beta rhythmic activity in the human sensorimotor system (2019)

Abstract This study uses electrocorticography in humans to assess how alpha- and beta-band rhythms modulate excitability of the sensorimotor cortex during movement selection, as indexed through a psychophysically-controlled movement imagery task. Both rhythms displayed effector-specific modulations, tracked spectral markers of action potentials in the local neuronal population, and showed spatially systematic phase relationships (traveling waves). Yet, alpha- and beta-band rhythms differed in their anatomical and functional properties, were weakly correlated, and traveled along opposite directions across the sensorimotor cortex. Increased alpha-band power in the somatosensory cortex ipsilateral to the selected arm was associated with spatially-unspecific inhibition. Decreased beta-band power over contralateral motor cortex was associated with a focal shift from relative inhibition to excitation. These observations indicate the relevance of both inhibition and disinhibition mechanisms for precise spatiotemporal coordination of neuronal populations during movement selection. Those mechanisms are implemented through the substantially different neurophysiological properties of sensorimotor alpha- and beta-band rhythms.
Cardioneuroablation: don’t underestimate the posteromedial left atrial ganglionated plexus. (2022)

Introduction Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is a technique used to modulate cardiac parasympathetic tone in patients with sino-atrial (SA) and atrio-ventricular (AV) vagally mediated syncope. We describe the case of a patient who developed AV block after a first procedure of CNA, requiring a second procedure. Case presentation A 47-Year-old man presented with recurrent syncope (daily episodes) associated with high vagal tone conditions. An ECG monitoring showed frequent episodes of sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest, with pauses up to 17 seconds. AV node conduction impairment was never identified. A CNA procedure targeting the right superior and posterior ganglionated plexi (GPs), both from the left and right atrium, was performed with acute success. The subsequent night, repetitive episodes of AV block with normal sinus rate were observed. A second procedure was performed targeting the posteromedial left GP. Follow-up at 4 months showed no recurrent syncopal event and no bradyarrhythmia episode on the implantable loop recorder. Conclusion This case report demonstrates that ablation limited to the right superior and posterior GPs may not be enough for neurocardiogenic syncope and a more systematic approach, extending the ablation to the posteromedial left GP, should be considered.
Transient in Situ Infrared Methods for Investigation of Adsorbates in Catalysis (1995)

This paper reports the details of a high-pressure and -temperature in situ transmission infrared reactor cell and experimental approaches for investigation of the nature of adsorbates in CO hydrogenation and NO-CO reaction on Rh/SiO 2 catalyst. The infrared cell used in this study allows easy assembling and reliable operation up to 773 K and 6.0 MPa. The structure and coverage of adsorbates during reaction are determined by an infrared spectrometer, and the composition of gaseous effluent from the infrared cell is monitored by a mass spectrometer. The steady-state 13 CO step transient shows that gaseous CO rapidly exchanges with adsorbed CO, which is slowly converted to CH 4 during CO hydrogenation at 513 K and 0.1 MPa. The pulsing CO study reveals that linear CO is more reactive than bridged CO during methane and CO 2 formation, and bridged CO sites are blocked from CO disproportionation. Steady-state 13 CO pulse transients show that the CO 2 response leads the CO response, and Rh-NCO and Si-NCO are not involved in the formation of CO 2 from CO during NO-CO reaction. The advantages and limitations of the in situ infrared and transient approaches for catalysis research will be discussed.
D-105 Transient Stress Effects in Thin Films Determined by X-ray Diffraction— Invited (2004)

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