gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invariant Chain Peptides in Most HLA-DR Molecules of an Antigen-Processing Mutant (1992)

Class II major histocompatibility complexes bind peptides in an endosome-like compartment. When the class II null cell line 721.174 was transfected with class II DR3 genes, DR molecules were produced in normal amounts. However, the DR molecules were abnormally conformed and unstable because deletion of an antigen-processing gene had impaired intracellular formation of most class II-peptide complexes. Yet, 70 percent of the DR molecules still bore peptides, 80 percent of which were 21- to 24-amino acid fragments of the class II-associated invariant chain. These peptides were rare on DR3 from control cells. Thus, a defect in the main antigen-processing pathway revealed a process in which DR molecules bind long peptides derived from proteins present in the same compartment.
Tunnel magnetoresistance due to spin accumulation in nonmagnetic nanoparticles and its potential applications (2008)

Recent studies on spin accumulation and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in nonmagnetic metal nanoparticles are reviewed, and a potential device application for magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs) is proposed, based on the unique magnetotransport properties in nonmagnetic nanoparticles.
Biomarker discovery in multi-omics datasets using tensor decompositions; A comprehensive review (2023)

A multi-omics dataset combining clinical features with the discovery of biomarkers could contribute significantly to the timely identification of mortality risk and the develop- ment of personalized therapies for a wide range of diseases, including cancer and stroke. As well, new advances in “omics” technologies can open up a lot of possibilities for researchers to find disease biomarkers through system-level analysis. Machine learning methods, es- pecially based on tensor decomposition methods (TD-based), are becoming more popular because the integrative analysis of multi-omics data is challenging due to biological com- plexity. Therefore, it is important to identify future research directions and opportunities on the topic of biomarker discovery using tensor decompositions in multi-omics datasets by integrating literature reviews. This article systematically reviews the research trends from 2015 to 2022. Several themes are discussed, including challenges and problems of de- veloping and applying tensor decompactions, application areas for biomarker discovery in “omics” datasets, proposed methodologies, key evaluation criteria used in deciding whether the new methods are effective, and the limitations and shortcomings of this field, which call for further research and development. This review helps researchers who are interested in this field understand what research has already been done and where potential areas for future research might lie.
Teleexercise for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Case Series (2016)

A teleexercise system can be a safe and feasible option to deliver home-based exercise for persons with SCI. Participants responded favorably to the intervention and valued teleexercise for its ability to overcome common barriers to exercise. Study results are promising but warrant further investigation in a larger sample.
Drug-Eluting Stent (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
PolyMOFs: Molecular Level Integration of MOFs and Polymers (2021)

In this chapter, the use of amorphous polymer ligands to prepare novel metal–organic framework (MOF) hybrid materials (polyMOFs) is reviewed. Several studies have shown that polymers containing 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2bdc) units can be combined with metal sources to produce porous, crystalline polyMOFs. Studies to understand how the polymer ligand architecture and structure affect the properties of the resulting polyMOFs are discussed. The use of block co-polymers to synthesize block co-polyMOFs (BCPMOFs) has produced materials that have the potential to control the morphology of polyMOF materials, enhance their dispersibility, increase their stability, and potentially modulate other material properties. Finally, strategies to characterize polyMOFs in situ are reviewed. Future directions for the study and applications of polyMOFs are presented.
Metformin use and improved response to therapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma (2012)

Metformin use is associated with a dose-dependent increased response to CRT in esophageal cancer and may be a sensitizer to this therapy.
Direct minority carrier transport characterization of InAs/InAsSb superlattice nBn photodetectors (2015)

We present an extensive characterization of the minority carrier transport properties in an nBn mid-wave infrared detector incorporating a Ga-free InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice as the absorbing region. Using a modified electron beam induced current technique in conjunction with time-resolved photoluminescence, we were able to determine several important transport parameters of the absorber region in the device, which uses a barrier layer to reduce dark current. For a device at liquid He temperatures, we report a minority carrier diffusion length of 750 nm and a minority carrier lifetime of 200 ns, with a vertical diffusivity of 3 × 10−2 cm2/s. We also report on the device's optical response characteristics at 78 K.
ChemInform Abstract: A MILD METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐KETOPYRROLES FROM CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1982)

Abstract Aus den Carbonsäuren (I) entstehen mit 2,2′‐Dipyridyl‐disulfid (II) in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosphin die Pyridylthiolester (III), die mit Pyrrol (IV) in hohen Ausbeuten zu den 2‐Acyl‐pyrrolen (V) reagieren.
A comparison of measured and calculated intracavitary potentials for electrical stimuli in the exposed dog heart (1992)

The objective of this paper is to test the feasibility of using a multielectrode, intracavitary probe to solve a forward problem in which measured intracavitary potentials are compared to those calculated from subendocardial potentials and left ventricular (LV) cavity geometry. Intracavitary potentials and subendocardial potentials are measured simultaneously during electrical pacing stimuli from the LV apex, LV anterior base, LV posterior base, and right ventricular (RV) outflow tract of three exposed dog hearts. The LV cavity geometry is measured from postmortem magnetic resonance microscopy images of fixed hearts. Boundary integrals are approximated using a boundary element method and solved for intracavitary potentials. Correlation coefficients for LV apical pacing episodes are 0.989 +/- 0.002 while those for nonapical pacing episodes are 0.873 +/- 0.092. These results indicate that for electrical pacing from the apex, intracavitary stimulus potentials can be calculated with a high degree of accuracy. For nonapical pacing locations, the accuracy decreases since the calculations are more sensitive to errors in measuring probe position and LV cavity geometry near the septum. These results show that accurate geometric measurements of the intracavitary probe position and subendocardial surface are the primary concerns in solving future forward and inverse problems using an intracavitary probe.
A novel experimental porcine model to assess the impact of differential pulmonary blood flow on ischemia–reperfusion injury after unilateral lung transplantation (2021)

Partial clamping native pulmonary artery in large animal lung transplantation setting to study the impact of low versus high pulmonary flow on the development of ischemia reperfusion is feasible. In our study, differential blood flow had no effect on IRI. However, our findings might impact future studies with extracorporeal devices and represent a specific intra-operative problem during bilateral sequential single-lung transplantation.
Investigations on the Spray-Atomization of Various Fuels for an Outwardly Opening Piezo Injector for the Application to a Pilot Injection Passenger Car Gas Engine (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pilot injection gas engines are commonly used as large stationary engines. Often, the combustion is implemented as a dual-fuel strategy, which allows both mixed and diesel-only operation, based on a diesel engine architecture. The current research project focuses on the application of pilot injection in an engine based on gasoline components of the passenger car segment, which are more cost-effective than diesel components. The investigated strategy does not aim for a diesel-only combustion, hence only small liquid quantities are used for the main purpose of providing a strong, reliable ignition source for the natural gas charge. This approach is mainly driven to provide a reliable alternative to the high spark ignition energies required for high cylinder charge densities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;When using such small liquid quantities, a standard common-rail diesel nozzle will apparently not be ideal regarding some general specifications. Due to this fact, an outwardly opening piezo injector is intended to be used due to its high performance in several aspects. An issue, which is almost unknown in literature, is the atomization behavior for fuel types differing significantly from the viscosity properties of regular gasoline fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The aim of this publication is to clarify, whether the outwardly opening piezo injector can produce an atomization quality, which is sufficient to be used as a pilot injection ignition source for natural gas engines. The experimental results were obtained by means of a combined methodology using both Mie-scattering and PDA (Phase Doppler Anemometry) in a constant volume chamber. The injected masses showed a difference of up to 30% for the examined fuels, whereas liquid penetrations displayed a smaller difference. The Sauter Mean Diameters (SMD) for diesel-like fuels were 5…10μm larger compared to operation on gasoline-like fuels. Additionally, the needle motion for given actuation parameters was studied using a laser vibrometer. Influences of rail pressure, injector temperature, actuation time and reproducibility were investigated, showing that the injector has great reproducibility, but on the other hand requires a complex understanding of the actuation strategy in engine operation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A dual-functional double-layer film with indium-doped ZnO nanosheets/nanoparticles structured photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

A double-layer film composed of an upper-layer of indium-doped ZnO (IZO) nanosheets and a lower-layer of IZO nanoparticles structure (designated as DL-NS,s/NP,s:IZO) has been successfully synthesized by a simple two step electrospray method and studied as the dye-sensitized solar-cell (DSSCs) electrodes with the aim of developing a cost-effective alternative fabrication method and improving the performance of ZnO-based DSSCs. The XRD patterns demonstrated that the films exhibited the hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferential orientation along the (0 0 2) crystal plane and all the peaks slightly shifted toward the larger angle side due to the indium (In) doping. The composition of the doped ZnO films was confirmed with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS). The upper-layer made of upright-standing IZO nanosheets (NS,s:IZO) acts as scattering centers to utilize more light as well as the direct pathway for the electrons to move towards the electrodes. The lower-layer composed of nonporous IZO nanoparticles increases the dye adsorption and also allowed for the suppression of the recombination of injected electrons. It was found that the DL-NS,s/NP,s:IZO film could significantly improve the efficiency (6.9%) of DSSCs owing to its enhanced light-scattering capability as well as intrinsic components of films, the photon-to-electron transfer process of the cells and relatively high surface area. This efficiency was significantly improved over the 4.8% obtained for double light-scattering-layer with DL-NS,s/NP,s:ZnO film and was also higher than the 3.2% achieved for single-layer of NP,s-IZO film. The fabricated cells showed highly durable cell performance, even after 40 days under atmospheric conditions. The efficiency achieved for the best DSSCs in this work is the highest ever reported value for a double light-scattering-layer ZnO film-based DSSCs.
Proteomic analysis of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) in Rib72 null Tetrahymena cells reveals functional MIPs (2021)

The core structure of motile cilia and flagella, the axoneme, is built from a stable population of doublet microtubules. This unique stability is brought about, at least in part, by a network of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) that are bound to the luminal side of the microtubule walls. Rib72A and Rib72B were identified as MIPs in the motile cilia of the protist <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i>. Loss of these proteins leads to ciliary defects and loss of additional MIPs. We performed mass spectrometry coupled with proteomic analysis and bioinformatics to identify the MIPs lost in <i>RIB72A/B</i> knockout <i>Tetrahymena</i> axonemes. We identified a number of candidate MIPs and pursued one, Fap115, for functional characterization. We find that loss of Fap115 results in disrupted cell swimming and aberrant ciliary beating. Cryo-electron tomography reveals that Fap115 localizes to MIP6a in the A-tubule of the doublet microtubules. Overall, our results highlight the complex relationship between MIPs, ciliary structure, and ciliary function.
Identification and Preclinical Pharmacology of BMS-986104: A Differentiated S1P1 Receptor Modulator in Clinical Trials (2016)

Clinical validation of S1P receptor modulation therapy was achieved with the approval of fingolimod (Gilenya, 1) as the first oral therapy for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. However, 1 causes a dose-dependent reduction in the heart rate (bradycardia), which occurs within hours after first dose. We disclose the identification of clinical compound BMS-986104 (3d), a novel S1P1 receptor modulator, which demonstrates ligand-biased signaling and differentiates from 1 in terms of cardiovascular and pulmonary safety based on preclinical pharmacology while showing equivalent efficacy in a T-cell transfer colitis model.
FPGA-based non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithm for real-time OCT signal processing (2013)

We developed an FPGA-based engine for Fourier-domain OCT that performs real-time signal processing based on Non- Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (NUFFT). The basic NUFFT algorithm is discussed and compared with cubic-spline interpolation regarding efficient re-sampling in k-space with different phase nonlinearities of sinusoidal swept sources. The NUFFT algorithm was adapted for an implementation in an FPGA and its accuracy is analyzed and assessed using simulated numerical data. When implemented, the NUFFT algorithm allows a processing performance at a sampling rate of 100 MS/s. The real-time processing capability was tested with sinusoidal bi-directional swept sources with A-scan rates of 50 kHz.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Generation of Thioalkyl Cations from 2‐Tributylstannyl‐1,3‐ dithianes and 1‐(Tributylstannyl)alkyl Sulfides and Their Reactions with Olefinic Nucleophiles. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Is Hysterectomy the Radical Mastectomy of Gynecology? (2007)

Both hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding and radical mastectomy for breast cancer are steeped in the history of surgery and have recently been challenged as being too radical for the disorder at hand. Radical mastectomy has largely been replaced with local removal of the tumor with subsequent radiation and/or chemotherapy. Alternatives to hysterectomy include a number of medical interventions, most notably intrauterine progestin-releasing systems, and endometrial ablation, a procedure that has a relatively high success rate and one that is now feasible for many women in an office or procedure room setting. However, although radical mastectomy rates have dropped precipitously, hysterectomy rates, at least in the United States remain relatively stable. Determining the proportion of hysterectomies that are done for heavy menstrual bleeding is difficult, largely because of coding issues, so it is difficult to measure the impact of new medical and minimally invasive surgical procedures. Nevertheless, it seems clear that many women are not exposed to the plethora of options to hysterectomy, a fact that may reflect a number of issues that may include training, skill, and financial incentives or disincentives. Clearly, options to hysterectomy are not a panacea, but if women are empowered to select from all of the options available, the rate of hysterectomy for bleeding should decrease while maintaining, or even enhancing the patient's satisfaction with care.
Excimer-emitting single molecules with stacked π-conjugated groups covalently linked at the 1,8-positions of naphthalene for highly efficient blue and green OLEDs (2013)

Two efficient blue-light-emitting compounds, 1,8-bis(4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl)naphthalene (BCzPN) and 1,8-bis(4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-phenyl)naphthalene (BPAPN), are designed and synthesized, in which two phenylcarbazole or diphenylanthracene units are closely stacked through bonding to the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring, resulting in strong intramolecular excimer emissions in solution or as a film. By utilizing BPAPN as an emitter, high efficiencies of 6 cd A−1 and 5.8% external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 100 cd m−2, and 8 cd A−1 and 5.8% EQE at 1000 cd m−2 are achieved in a non-doped blue device. By using BCzPN or BPAPN as a host, a DPAVBi-doped BCzPN based blue device gave high efficiencies of 15 cd A−1 and 6.5% EQE at 100 cd m−2, and 12 cd A−1 and 5.5% EQE at 1000 cd m−1, and a C545T-doped BPAPN based green device gave high efficiencies of 23 cd A−1 and 6.7% EQE at 100 cd m−2, and 22 cd A−1 and 6.7% EQE at 1000 cd m−2, respectively.
Supplementary figures legends from Follicular B Lymphomas Generate Regulatory T Cells via the ICOS/ICOSL Pathway and Are Susceptible to Treatment by Anti-ICOS/ICOSL Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains legends of 3 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure S1:ICOSL expression on immune cells in lymphoma and on cell line by flow cytometry Supplementary Figure S2: Antagonist anti-ICOS Abs favor upregulation of ICOSL on FL B cells and on murine B cells Supplementary Figure S3: Inhibition of FL B cells proliferation by Tregs&lt;/p&gt;
A fast and stable solver for acoustic scattering problems based on the nonuniform grid approach (2016)

A fast and stable boundary element method (BEM) algorithm for solving external problems of acoustic scattering by impenetrable bodies is developed. The method employs the Burton-Miller integral equation, which provides stable convergence of iterative solvers, and a generalized multilevel nonuniform grid (MLNG) algorithm for fast evaluation of field integrals. The MLNG approach is used here for the removal of computational bottlenecks involved with repeated matrix-vector multiplications as well as for the low-order basis function regularization of the hyper-singular integral kernel. The method is used for calculating the fields scattered by large acoustic scatterers, including nonconvex bodies with piece-wise smooth surfaces. As a result, the algorithm is capable of accurately incorporating high-frequency effects such as creeping waves and multiple-edges diffractions. In all cases, stable convergence of the method is observed. High accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison with the traditional BEM solution. The computational complexity of the method in terms of both the computation time and storage is estimated in practical computations and shown to be close to the asymptotic O(N log N) dependence.
Novel bearingless brushless motor in exterior rotor construction for stirred bioreactors (2010)

The paper presents a novel topology for a bearingless permanent magnet motor which is especially qualified for high-torque and yet gentle bioreactor stirring. Both torque and bearing forces are created inside this magnetically levitated disk-shaped motor using a sophisticated control with superimposed coil currents. An optimal design is derived using 3D-FEM analysis and the results are verified with a prototype setup.
Absolute quantitation of host cell proteins in recombinant human monoclonal antibodies with an automated CZE‐ESI‐MS/MS system (2014)

We report the first use of CZE for absolute characterization of host cell proteins (HCPs) in recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. An electrokinetically pumped nanoelectrospray interface was used to couple CZE with a tandem mass spectrometer. Three isotopic-labeled peptides (LSFDKDAMVAR, VDIVENQAMDTR, and LVSDEMVVELIEK) were synthesized by direct incorporation of an isotope-labeled lysine or arginine. The heavy-labeled peptides were spiked in the HCP digests at known concentrations. After CZE-ESI-MS/MS analysis, the peaks of native and isotopic-labeled peptides were extracted with mass tolerance ≤ 5 ppm from the electropherograms, and the ratios of peak area between native and isotopic-labeled peptides pairs were calculated. Calibration curves (the ratios of peak area versus spiked peptide amount) with R(2) values of 0.999, 0.997, and 0.999 were obtained for the three HCP peptides, and the absolute amounts of the three proteins present were determined to be at the picomole level in a 20 μg sample of digested HCPs. The target proteins were present at the 7-30 ppt level in the purified HCP samples.
Electrical properties of anatase TiO2 films by atomic layer deposition and low annealing temperature (2014)

In this paper, the authors studied anatase TiO2 films, fabricated by using atomic layer deposition and postdeposition annealing (PDA). The as-grown TiO2 films were of high purity; the carbon and nitrogen contents were within the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detection limit of 3–5 at. %. The anatase TiO2 film fabricated by PDA at 500 °C in O2 had a very high dielectric constant of &amp;gt;30 and was of high quality because it exhibited no hysteresis at its flatband voltage (Vfb) and contained negligible defect charge. The positive Vfb shift of anatase TiO2 (0.08 V), caused by the bottom interface dipole at a TiO2/SiO2 interface, was much smaller than those of Al2O3 (0.72 V) and HfO2 (0.29 V). However, the maximum Vfb change of the anatase TiO2 was greater than those of HfO2 and HfSiOx because the TiO2 contained more oxygen than the other materials.