gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute intermittent porphyria in Finland: 19 mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene (1995)

The sensitivity of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for the detection of mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) gene among Finnish patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) was studied. 13 novel mutations including one de novo event, and six previously characterized mutations were identified among AIP patients. The 19 mutations reported here for 28 families cover 72% of all the AIP families in the Finnish population of five million. When compared to direct sequencing, SSCP-analysis detected 17 (89%) of the 19 mutations when a combination of various electrophoretic conditions were used. The most informative electrophoretic condition was a gel run without glycerol in the coldroom (11/18 mutations). 86% of mutations were identified from amplified fragments greater than 300 bp and detection was dependent on both the amount of glycerol in the gel and the running temperature, but seemed to be independent of the size of the analyzed fragment or the type of mutation. The diagnostic efficiency of biochemical assays versus mutation screening in the PBGD gene was studied in three large AIP families, each representing different CRIM subtypes of AIP. The results demonstrated that using assays of erythrocyte PBGD activity, the majority (82%) of family members (n = 51) were diagnosed correctly. Of a total of 81 family members, 30 of whom had deficiency of PBGD confined to non-erythroid tissues, diagnosis at the asymptomatic stage of disease in 11 individuals (14%) required the application of mutation screening.
Reduction of substituted .DELTA.2-isoxazolines. Synthesis of .beta.-hydroxy acid derivatives (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of substituted .DELTA.2-isoxazolines. Synthesis of .beta.-hydroxy acid derivativesDennis P. Curran, Susan A. Scanga, and Christopher J. FenkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 19, 3474–3478Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00193a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00193a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient, large-area scalable Perovskite-Si and Perovskite-CIGS tandem solar modules (2018)

We present four-terminal perovskite-Si and perovskite-CIGS tandem solar modules that are fully scalable to commercial dimensions. Starting from small cells of 0.13 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , we scale up the tandem devices by a factor of 30 to modules of 4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . By using a low-loss module design and optimized light coupling, we demonstrate perovskite-Si and perovskite-CIGS tandem solar modules which outperform the stand-alone devices on the large area, representing a key milestone for perovskite-based tandem photovoltaics. Moreover, the tandem solar module architecture is compatible with industrially scalable fabrication techniques, thus opening the route towards production of high-performance largearea perovskite-based tandem solar modules.
Proteochemometric modeling as a tool to design selective compounds and for extrapolating to novel targets (2010)

Proteochemometric modeling is founded on the principles of QSAR but is able to benefit from additional information in model training due to the inclusion of target information.
Manufacturing method affects mitochondrial DNA release and extracellular vesicle composition in stored red blood cells (2016)

DAMPs in RCCs vary by manufacturing method. MtDNA and EV could be informative quality markers that may be relevant to RCC immunomodulatory potential.
Local Structure of the Impurity Site in Nd:LaF3 by X‐Ray Fluorescence Holography (2020)

The local structure around the dopant atom in Nd(8 mol%):LaF 3 single‐crystal scintillator is analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence holography experiments in combination with a sparse modeling algorithm. The average local environment of Nd is reconstructed up to large distances of about 12 Å and confirms a substitution of La atoms with Nd with only small crystal lattice distortions. The experimental findings are substantiated by comparison with reference data from La holograms and with computationally generated holograms based on a model structure of the dopant site.
Control of the Reversible Shear-Induced Gelation of Amphiphilic Polymers through Their Chemical Structure (2004)

This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of a series of amphiphilic polymers which exhibit spectacular reversible shear-induced gelation in water. The systems consist of hydrophobically modified copolymers based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide and acrylic acid. The influence of molecular parameters such as the molecular weight and composition of the terpolymers on the rheological properties has been established. In the linear regime, the polymers behave like classical associating polymers: the sharp increase of the viscosity with concentration is the result of the transformation of intra- into intermolecular associations. Moreover, the dynamics of the physical gels obtained at high concentrations is tremendously slowed by the presence of alkyl side chains. Under shear the solutions display a Newtonian plateau at low shear rate followed by a shear-induced gelation. The latter is characterized in terms of a critical shear rate which sharply decreases as the polymer volume fraction increases. Thus, it appears that the shear-induced gelation may be controlled by adjusting the polymer molecular features. The networks built under shear closely behave like highly concentrated solutions at rest, suggesting a possible parallel between increasing shear and increasing concentration. This latter fact is reminiscent of the situation encountered with wormlike micelles. Shear flow could induce a transition between individual aggregates and a transient network as an increase in concentration does, thanks to the sharp modification of the electrostatic screening at the overlap concentration.
Functional characterization of the TERRA transcriptome at damaged telomeres (2014)

Telomere deprotection occurs during tumorigenesis and aging upon telomere shortening or loss of the telomeric shelterin component TRF2. Deprotected telomeres undergo changes in chromatin structure and elicit a DNA damage response (DDR) that leads to cellular senescence. The telomeric long noncoding RNA TERRA has been implicated in modulating the structure and processing of deprotected telomeres. Here, we characterize the human TERRA transcriptome at normal and TRF2-depleted telomeres and demonstrate that TERRA upregulation is occurring upon depletion of TRF2 at all transcribed telomeres. TRF2 represses TERRA transcription through its homodimerization domain, which was previously shown to induce chromatin compaction and to prevent the early steps of DDR activation. We show that TERRA associates with SUV39H1 H3K9 histone methyltransferase, which promotes accumulation of H3K9me3 at damaged telomeres and end-to-end fusions. Altogether our data elucidate the TERRA landscape and defines critical roles for this RNA in the telomeric DNA damage response.
Multi-element Josephson structures for implementing broadband devices (2013)

It is proposed the solution of an urgent problem of developing broadband superconducting devices via implementation of multi-element Josephson structures with an expanded dynamic range (due to the increase in the number of cells) and required high linearity of the transfer function of magnetic signal into voltage (due to the use of specially designed Josephson cells with a highly linear voltage response). Active electrically small antenna prototypes based on the proposed multi-element structures are experimentally studied.
SCS macrophages suppress melanoma by restricting tumor-derived vesicle–B cell interactions (2016)

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) are important signals in tumor-host cell communication, yet it remains unclear how endogenously produced tEVs affect the host in different areas of the body. We combined imaging and genetic analysis to track melanoma-derived vesicles at organismal, cellular, and molecular scales to show that endogenous tEVs efficiently disseminate via lymphatics and preferentially bind subcapsular sinus (SCS) CD169(+) macrophages in tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) in mice and humans. The CD169(+) macrophage layer physically blocks tEV dissemination but is undermined during tumor progression and by therapeutic agents. A disrupted SCS macrophage barrier enables tEVs to enter the lymph node cortex, interact with B cells, and foster tumor-promoting humoral immunity. Thus, CD169(+) macrophages may act as tumor suppressors by containing tEV spread and ensuing cancer-enhancing immunity.
High-performance colorimeter with an electronic bubble gate for use in miniaturized continuous-flow analyzers. (1976)

We describe a high-performance colorimeter with an electronic bubble gate for use with miniaturized continuous-flow analyzers. The colorimeter has a flow-through cuvette with optically flat quartz windows that allows a bubbled stream to pass freely without any breakup or retention of bubbles. The fluid volume in the light path is only 1.8 mul. The electronic bubble gate selectively removes that portion of the photodector signal produced by the air bubbles passing through the flow cell and allows that portion of the signal attributable to the fluid segment to pass to the recorder. The colorimeter is easy to use, rugged, inexpensive, and requires minimal adjustments.
Flow in a Scaled Turbine Coolant Channel With Roughness due to Additive Manufacturing (2019)

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) approaches such as Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) are being explored to reduce manufacturing costs of gas turbine components. Surfaces of additively manufactured components exhibit distinctive roughness characteristics that significantly affect the pressure losses and heat transfer. For this study, a coupon with a vertical internal flow passage was created using L-PBF and characterized using x-ray tomography. The roughness pattern was extracted using the spanwise-planar extraction approach. Also, two surfaces consisting of distributions of ellipsoids were created to capture the important statistical characteristics of the original rough surface. The resulting roughness geometries were scaled by 102x and applied to the internal wall of the Roughness Internal Flow Tunnel (RIFT). Measurements of friction losses and velocity profiles were obtained. Detailed Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations using grid-resolved roughness of flow in the RIFT were also performed using an in-house Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. The present approach combining experimental measurements and CFD simulation of an up-scaled roughness coupon provides a more detailed picture of the flow-field within the roughened channel than was previously available. The measured friction factor of the baseline up-scaled rough channel is within 15% of the original engine-scale channel within the fully turbulent regime. The ellipsoid surfaces are seen to have a friction factor 30% lower than the up-scaled rough channel; the authors hypothesize that this is due to bulk span-wise ridges being present in the up-scaled rough surface but not in the ellipsoid surfaces.
Distribution of human papillomavirus among women with abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait (2011)

This study investigates the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait. Two hundred and ninety-eight (298) abnormal ThinPreps were taken from women seeking routine gynecological care and screened for HPV DNA by real-time PCR. HPV genotyping was determined by PCR-based sequencing. HPV DNA was detected in 152 women (51%), and 29 different HPV genotypes were detected, comprising 16 high-risk (HR) (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 97), nine low-risk (LR) (6, 11, 54, 61, 74, 81, 90, 102, 106), and four intermediate-risk (IR) (62, 67, 84, 87). HPV16 had the highest prevalence (24.3%), followed by HPV11 (13.8%), HPV66 (11.2%), HPV33 (9.9%), HPV53 (9.2%), HPV81 (9.2%), HPV56 (7.9%) and HPV18 (6.6%). HPV prevalence was 86, 67, and 89% in women with invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), respectively. As for age distribution, 69% of all HPVs were found in women aged 20-29 years, and the HPV incidence rate deceased with increasing age. The proportion of single infections decreased as the severity of the cytological diagnosis increased, while the proportion of multiple infections increased. This study is the first of its type in Kuwait and one of few in the Middle East. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical neoplasia. They support HPV vaccine research to prevent cervical cancer and efforts to develop HPV DNA diagnostic tests.
High voltage polymer solar cell patterned with photolithography (2009)

An acid-sensitive semiperfluoroalkyl resorcinarene has recently been demonstrated as an effective photoresist for the photolithographic patterning of organic semiconductor materials. In this work, we show that it can be used to pattern polymer solar cells fabricated from a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), so as to obtain high open circuit voltages (Voc). An array of 300 solar cells in series, with a period of 50 µm, achieved a Voc of 90 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.3%.
The Fabrication of Hafnium Nitride by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) Using TDEAHf Precursor for Gate-Electrode Application (2004)

Hafnium nitride HfNx was prepared for the first time as gate metal electrode by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method using tetrakis diethylamido hafnium (TDEAHf) precursor and NH3 gas. As a result, HfNx films with low levels of carbon and oxygen impurities and smooth interface were formed on SiO2 substrates. With respect to the electric property, the resistivity intensively depends on the film composition. Regardless of the experimental conditions, the resistance for all the as-deposited samples was very high due to the non-stoichiometry N-rich Hf nitrides (N/Hf: 1.69). However it decreased greatly after Ar+ ions bombardment because of the nitrogen depletion (N/Hf: 1.28), which resulted from the selective sputtering effect of nitrogen during Ar+ bombardment.
<title>Ongoing applications of soft computing technologies to real-world problems at Physical Optics Corporation</title> (1998)

Soft computing is a set of promising computational tools for solving problems that are inherently well solved by humans but not by standard computing means. This paper presents an overview of R and D activities at Physical Optics Corporation in the area of soft computing. The company has been involved in soft computing for over ten years, and has pioneered several soft-computing methodologies, including fuzzied genetic algorithms and neuro-fuzzy networks. Several practical implementations of soft computing are discussed.
ZIF-supported AuCu nanoalloy for ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrogen and thin air (2020)

One step towards green ammonia: electrosynthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and thin air over a gold–copper nanoalloy-decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework.
StagedSAC (2012)

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) can bridge the gap between high-level programming and efficient execution. However, implementing compiler tool-chains for performance oriented DSLs requires significant effort. Recent research has produced methodologies and frameworks that promise to reduce this development effort by enabling quick transition from library-only, purely embedded DSLs to optimizing compilation. In this case study we report on our experience implementing a compiler for StagedSAC. StagedSAC is a DSL for arithmetic processing with multidimensional arrays modeled after the stand-alone language SAC (Single Assignment C). The main language feature of both SAC and StagedSAC is a loop construction that enables high-level and concise implementations of array algorithms. At the same time, the functional semantics of the two languages allow for advanced compiler optimizations and parallel code generation.
Supplementary Table 1 from Evaluation and Clinical Analyses of Downstream Targets of the Akt Inhibitor GDC-0068 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file 41K, RPPA biomarkers&lt;/p&gt;
The volumetric bull's eye plot (2008)

The bull's eye plot is a commonly used schematic for the visualization of quantitative late enhancement cardiac MRI data. It gives an intuitive overview of the viability of the entire left ventricular myocardium in a single diagram. However, common implementations do not provide a continuous transition between slices and provide poor or no information about the exact location and transmurality of non-viable tissue.
Ecological roles for water-borne metabolites from Antarctic soft corals (1997)

Prior studies have documented predator deterrence and antifouling activities for organic extracts of the Antarctic soft corals Alcyoniuni paessleri and Gersemia antarctica under surficial contact sltuatlons. Field observat~ons and subsequent seawater collt.ctions support the release of waterborne allelochemicals by these 2 species. A. paessleri and G. antarctica relcdsed organics totaling 1.54 and 1.26 mg I-' of seawater extracted, respectively. The compounds from A. paessleri were comprised of 8 6 % sterols by mass and they diluted to non-detectable levels within 1 to 2 cm of the colony surface. The absolute production rates for the sterols varled posllively with colony size and ranged from 3.4 to 6.6 mg I-' seawater extracted d.'. Three of the 4 sterols isolated from A. paessleri deterred seastar predators; Included amonysl these compounds was the primary nietabolite, cholest~rol. In contrast, G. antarctlca released many classes of con~pounds and few in any major quantities. Nonetheless, the organic fraction of seawater collected near this soft coral showed potent antibacterial activity dgainst 3 sympatric microbes. Bioautogi-aphy was used to guide isolation of the ant~microbial fraction which contained homarine, trigonelline, and a minor metabolite. Homarine was responsible for most of the bio-act~vity noted d u r ~n g the bioautography assay
Comparison of Gaussian and Poisson noise models in a hybrid reference spectrum and principal component analysis algorithm for Raman spectroscopy (2013)

Raman spectra are most commonly analyzed using the ordinary least squares (LS) method. However, LS is sensitive to variability in the spectra of the analyte and background materials. We previously addressed this problem by successfully proposing a novel hybrid least squares and principal components (HLP) algorithm. HLP extended LS by allowing the reference spectra to vary in accordance with the principal components observed in calibration sets. Previously, HLP assumed zero-mean Gaussian measurement noise. In this work, we show that the noise in fact follows a Poisson distribution, and update the mathematical framework of our algorithm accordingly. Since the name ’least squares’ referred to the Gaussian noise model, we also generalize the name of our algorithm to the Hybrid reference Spectrum and Principal component analysis (HSP) algorithm. The performance of the Gaussian and Poisson noise models is compared using both simulated and measured spectra. The simulated spectra were computed by adding various concentrations of Raman-enhanced gold-silica nanoparticles to three different backgrounds (paraffin, glass and quartz). The measured spectra were acquired from a serial dilution of gold-silica nanoparticles placed on an excised pig colon. For the simulated spectra, the Poisson model consistently outperformed the Gaussian model, on average reducing the mean absolute concentration error as well as its standard deviation by ~15-20%. For the measured data, the Gaussian and Poisson noise models yielded similar concentration estimates. Both HSP algorithms also outperformed the LS algorithm, indicating that the incorporation of the principal components yields a larger improvement in accuracy than the optimization of the noise model. Further comparison between the two HSP algorithms (with Gaussian and Poisson noise models) was precluded by a lack of precise ground truth knowledge of the nanoparticle concentrations on the colon tissue. However, the simulation results already demonstrated that the optimization of noise models can improve the detection accuracy of Raman spectroscopy, and that it may therefore be an important consideration in future high-sensitivity Raman imaging studies.
PhotoApp: Photorealistic Appearance Editing of Head Portraits (2021)

Photorealistic editing of portraits is a challenging task as humans are very sensitive to inconsistencies in faces. We present an approach for high-quality intuitive editing of the camera viewpoint and scene illumination in a portrait image. This requires our method to capture and control the full reflectance field of the person in the image. Most editing approaches rely on supervised learning using training data captured with setups such as light and camera stages. Such datasets are expensive to acquire, not readily available and do not capture all the rich variations of in-the-wild portrait images. In addition, most supervised approaches only focus on relighting, and do not allow camera viewpoint editing. Thus, they only capture and control a subset of the reflectance field. Recently, portrait editing has been demonstrated by operating in the generative model space of StyleGAN. While such approaches do not require direct supervision, there is a significant loss of quality when compared to the supervised approaches. In this paper, we present a method which learns from limited supervised training data. The training images only include people in a fixed neutral expression with eyes closed, without much hair or background variations. Each person is captured under 150 one-light-at-a-time conditions and under 8 camera poses. Instead of training directly in the image space, we design a supervised problem which learns transformations in the latent space of StyleGAN. This combines the best of supervised learning and generative adversarial modeling. We show that the StyleGAN prior allows for generalisation to different expressions, hairstyles and backgrounds. This produces high-quality photorealistic results for in-the-wild images and significantly outperforms existing methods. Our approach can edit the illumination and pose simultaneously, and runs at interactive rates.