gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real time autonomous video image registration for endomicroscopy: fighting the compromises (2008)

Confocal endomicroscopy provides tools for in vivo imaging of human cell architecture endoscopically. These technologies are a tough challenge since multiple trade-offs have to be overcome: resolution versus field of view, dynamic versus stability, contrast versus low laser power or low contrast agent doses. Many difficult clinical applications, such as lung, bile duct, urethral imaging and NOTES applications, need to optimize miniaturization, resolution, frame rate and contrast agent dose simultaneously. We propose one solution based on real-time video image processing to efficiently address these trade-offs. Dynamic imaging provides a flow of images that we process in real time. Images are aligned using efficientalgorithms specifically adapted to confocal devices. From the displacement that we find across the images, instantaneous velocities are computed and used to compensate for motion distortions. All images are stitched together onto the same reference space and displayed in real-time to reconstruct an image of the entire surface explored during the clinical procedure. This representation brings both stability and an increased field of view. Moreover, because a given area can be imaged by several frames, the contrast can be improved using temporal adaptive averaging. Such processing enhances the visualization of the video sequence, overcoming most classical trade-offs. The stability and increased field of view help the clinician better focus his attention on his practice which improves the patient benefit. Our tools are currently evaluated in a multicenter clinical trial to assess the improvement of the clinical practice.
Magnetic Properties and GMR in Fe-Cu Granular Films Prepared by Ionized Cluster Beam Technique (1997)

Fe cluster dispersed Fe-Cu granular films have been produced by an ionized cluster beam (ICB) technique. Magnetoresistance (MR) and magnetic properties were observed for Fe-Cu films produced at different acceleration voltages (Va=0 and 2.5 kV). The chemical composition of the films prepared at Va=2.5 kV is Fe-richer than the designed one, indicating the “resputtering” of Cu atoms from the deposited films. These films exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR), which does not saturate even at high fields: conduction-electrons suffer spin-disorder scattering. With increasing Fe concentration, the MR values of these granular films monotonically decrease, whereas those of the sputtered and thermally evaporated films show maxima at around 25 at%Fe. The disappearance of the MR maximum is ascribed to the presence of antiferromagnetic Fe clusters. In addition, the MR values of the ICB-deposited films prepared at Va=2.5 kV are higher than those at Va=0 kV, indicating that the former is smaller in the average cluster size than the latter.
Extending Sensor Calibration Intervals in Nuclear Power Plants (2012)

Currently in the USA, sensor recalibration is required at every refueling outage, and it has emerged as a critical path item for shortening outage duration. International application of calibration monitoring, such as at the Sizewell B plant in UK, has shown that sensors may operate for eight years, or longer, within calibration tolerances. Online monitoring can be employed to identify those sensors which require calibration, allowing for calibration of only those sensors which need it. The US NRC accepted the general concept of online monitoring for sensor calibration monitoring in 2000, but no plants have been granted the necessary license amendment to apply it. This project addresses key issues in advanced recalibration methodologies and provides the science base to enable adoption of best practices for applying online monitoring, resulting in a public domain standardized methodology for sensor calibration interval extension. Research to develop this methodology will focus on three key areas: (1) quantification of uncertainty in modeling techniques used for calibration monitoring, with a particular focus on non-redundant sensor models; (2) accurate determination of acceptance criteria and quantification of the effect of acceptance criteria variability on system performance; and (3) the use of virtual sensor estimates to replace identified faultymore » sensors to extend operation to the next convenient maintenance opportunity.« less
FEA modeling of CMUT with membrane stand-off structures to enable selectable frequency-mode operation (2011)

A selectable, dual-frequency, capacitive micro- machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) designed for both high-frequency imaging and low-frequency therapeutic effect is presented. A validated finite element analysis (FEA) CMUT model was used to examine the performance of the proposed dual-frequency transducer. CMUT device simulations were used to design a hybrid device incorporating stand-off structures that divide a large, low-frequency membrane into smaller, high-frequency sub-membranes when the membrane is partially collapsed so that the stand-offs contact the substrate. In low-frequency operation, simulations indicated that the peak negative pressure achieved by the hybrid device, when biased by 30.0 VDC and excited by a 2-MHz signal with 30.0 V amplitude, exceeded 190 kPa, which is sufficient for microbubble rupture. Low-frequency mode bandwidth was 93% at a center frequency of 2.1 MHz. In the high-frequency mode of operation, the device was excited by 175 Vdc and 87.5 Vac, which generated a peak negative pressure of 247 kPa. Device center frequency was 44.1 MHz with a - 6-dB fractional bandwidth of 42%.
Autonomous Network Management in Multi-Domain 6G Networks based on Graph Neural Networks (2023)

Sixth-generation (6G) networks propose integrating multiple networks and domains while improving network performance. Hence, today’s networks are becoming increasingly larger and more complex. Traditional methods to manage networks are facing significant challenges as the topology sizes, traffic patterns, and network domains are changing.This paper presents the state-of-the-art in literature for network management and proposes a research plan for an autonomous network management framework fueled by the Digital Twin (DT) paradigm. Unlike the existing methods such as Queuing Theory (QT) or network simulation studies, the proposed framework relies on state-of-the-art Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for network performance analysis. We argue that seamless integration of networks while improving performance guarantees can be achieved via autonomous management of networks and present a research plan in this paper.
Emerging trends in the enterprise data analytics (2011)

Enterprises are dealing with ever increasing volumes of data, reaching into the petabyte scale. With many of our customer engagements, we are observing an emerging trend: They are using Hadoop-based solutions in conjunction with their data warehouses. They are using Hadoop to deal with the data volume, as well as the lack of strict structure in their data to conduct various analyses, including but not limited to Web log analysis, sophisticated data mining, machine learning and model building. This first stage of the analysis is off-line and suitable for Hadoop. But, once their data is summarized or cleansed enough, and their models are built, they are loading the results into a warehouse for interactive querying and report generation. At this later stage, they leverage the wealth of business intelligence tools, which they are accustomed to, that exist for warehouses. In this paper, we outline this use case and discuss the bidirectional connectors we developed between IBM DB2 and IBM InfoSphere BigInsights.
Finding genes that cause human hypertension (1993)

Genetic factors in essential hypertension: Studies of the epidemiology of blood pressure indicate that genetic factors are part of the pathogenesis of human essential hypertension, raising the possibility of identifying these genes. This may provide unique opportunities to elucidate the pathophysiology of hypertension, and may also have diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Obstacles to gene identification: The apparent muitifactorial determination of blood pressure represents the greatest obstacle to the identification of the relevant genes and mutations. In this setting, the best strategy for identifying these genes is uncertain. Approaches to identification: Various approaches to the identification of mutations contributing to the pathogenesis of human hypertension and their relative merits are outlined here, and recent applications are discussed.
Structure and Expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans Protein Kinase C2 Gene (1997)

The molecular and cellular basis for concerted Ca2+/lipid signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated. A unique gene (pkc-2) and cognate cDNAs that encode six Ca2+/diacylglycerol-stimulated PKC2 isoenzymes were characterized. PKC2 polypeptides (680-717 amino acid residues) share identical catalytic, Ca2+-binding, diacylglycerol-activation and pseudosubstrate domains. However, sequences of the N- and C-terminal regions of the kinases diverge. PKC2 diversity is partly due to differential activation of transcription by distinct promoters. Each promoter precedes an adjacent exon that encodes 5'-untranslated RNA, an initiator AUG codon and a unique open reading frame. PKC2 mRNAs also incorporate one of two 3'-terminal exons via alternative splicing. Cells that are capable of receiving and propagating signals carried by Ca2+/diacylglycerol were identified by assessing activities of pkc-2 gene promoters in transgenic C. elegans and visualizing the distribution of PKC2 polypeptides via immunofluorescence. Highly-selective expression of certain PKC2 isoforms was observed in distinct subsets of neurons, intestinal and muscle cells. A low level of PKC2 isoforms is observed in embryos. When L1 larvae hatch and interact with the external environment PKC2 content increases 10-fold. Although 77- and 78-kDa PKC2 isoforms are evident throughout post-embryonic development, an 81-kDa isoform appears to be adapted for function in L1 and L2 larvae.
YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ thin-film picosecond photoresponse in the resistive state (1997)

Using a subpicosecond electro-optic sampling technique, we have characterized the photoresponse of current-biased YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) photodetectors, designed as 5-/spl mu/m-wide and 7-/spl mu/m-long microbridges patterned in 100-nm-thick, high-quality epitaxial films grown on LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The bridges were centered in a coplanar waveguide structure, allowing the photogenerated pulses to be measured 20 /spl mu/m from the detector. The experiments were conducted in the temperature range between 20 and 80 K; however, the bridges were biased in the switched (resistive) state, which corresponded to a hot-spot formation at the center of the microbridge. The photoresponse from 100-fs laser pulses (395-nm wavelength) was measured to be in the form of a single spike with the width as short as 1.3 ps. The physical origin of this ultrafast response is attributed to nonequilibrium electron heating, We extracted the intrinsic temporal parameters of the YBCO response-the electron thermalization time equal to 0.56 ps and electron-phonon energy relaxation time equal to 1.1 ps, Our measurements demonstrate that a simple YBCO microbridge can operate as a >100-GHz bandwidth photodetector, e.g., as an optical-to-electrical transducer for optoelectronic interface in YBCO digital electronics.
Reconstitution of T-cell receptor repertoire diversity following T-cell depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is related to hematopoietic chimerism (2000)

CDR3 spectratyping was used to analyze the complexity of the T-cell repertoire and to define the mechanisms and kinetics of the reconstitution of T-cell immunity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This method, which is based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of all CDR3 regions using the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ genes, was used to examine serial samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 11 adult patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who underwent T-cell–depleted allogeneic BMT. In contrast to 10 normal donors who display highly diverse and polyclonal spectratypes, patient samples before and early after BMT revealed markedly skewed repertoires, consisting of absent, monoclonal, or oligoclonal profiles for the majority of Vβ subfamilies. To quantify changes in TCR repertoire over time, we established an 8-point scoring system for each Vβ subfamily. The mean complexity score for patient samples before transplant (130.8) was significantly lower than that for normal donors (183; P = 0.0007). TCR repertoire complexity was abnormal in all patients at 3 months after BMT (mean score = 87). Normalization of repertoire began in 4 patients at 6 months after BMT, but the majority of patients continued to display abnormal repertoires for up to 3 years after BMT. To determine whether the reconstituted T-cell repertoire was derived from the donor or recipient, unique microsatellite loci were examined to establish chimeric status. At 3 months after BMT, 7 patients demonstrated mixed chimerism; 4 had complete donor hematopoiesis (CDH). CDH strongly correlated with likelihood of restoration of T-cell repertoire complexity (P = 0.003). In contrast, patients who demonstrated persistence of recipient hematopoiesis failed to reconstitute a diverse TCR repertoire. These findings suggest that the reconstitution of a normal T-cell repertoire from T-cell progenitors in adults is influenced by interactions between recipient and donor hematopoietic cells. (Blood. 2000;95: 352-359)
Accurate generation of attolitre droplets for directly printing gold nanoparticles from solution through confined reaction (2020)

Abstract Small droplets exist in nature widely and have attractive applications. Although there are some well-established techniques to produce small droplets, it is still a substantial challenge to generate and measure the volume of ultrafine droplets down to attolitres (aL) precisely. Here, we accurately generate ultrafine droplets in attolitre scale by an electrohydrodynamic jet method. By superimposing a low frequency pulse over a static electric field, the volumes of the ultrafine droplets are accurately controlled from 1 to 5 aL with the best accuracy of 0.3 aL and coefficient of variations less than 25%. Gold nanoparticles are deposited on substrate directly from the ultrafine droplets of HAuCl 4 /H 2 O solution through a confined reaction in a reducing environment. The gold nanoparticles exhibit highly sensitive and reproductive in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Task planning for human-robot interaction (2005)

Human-robot interaction requires explicit reasoning on the human environment and on the robot capacities to achieve its tasks in a collaborative way with a human partner.This paper focuses on organization of the robot decisional abilities and more particularly on the management of human interaction as an integral part of the robot control architecture. Such an architecture should be the framework that will allow the robot to accomplish its tasks but also produce behaviors that support its engagement vis-a-vis its human partner and interpret similar behaviors from him.Together and in coherence with this framework, we intend to develop and experiment various task planners and interaction schemes, that will allow the robot to select and perform its tasks while taking into account explicitly the constraints imposed by the presence of humans, their needs and preferences.We have considered a scheme where the robot plans for itself and for the human in order not only (1) to assess the feasibility of the task (at a certain level) before performing it, but also (2) to share the load between the robot and the human and (3) to explain/illustrate a possible course of action.
Mitigating information leakage in a crowded spectrum of weakly anharmonic qubits (2014)

A challenge for scaling up quantum processors using frequency-crowded, weakly anharmonic qubits is to drive individual qubits without causing leakage into non-computational levels of the others, while also minimizing the number of control lines. To address this, we implement single-qubit Wah-Wah control in a circuit QED processor with a single feedline for all transmon qubits, operating at the maximum gate speed achievable given the frequency crowding. Randomized benchmarking and quantum process tomography confirm alternating qubit control with $\leq$1% average error per computational step and decoherence-limited idling of one qubit while driving another with a Wah-Wah pulse train.
Involvement of mitochondrial aggregation in arsenic trioxide (As2O3)‐induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells (2005)

Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is effective against acute promyelocytic leukemia and has potential as a novel treatment against malignant solid tumors. As(2)O(3) induces differentiation and inhibits growth. It also causes mitochondrial damage mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), leading to apoptosis. Mitochondria might be the key target of antitumor activity by As(2)O(3); however, its mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Using two human glioblastoma cell lines, A172 and T98G, we found that As(2)O(3) induced apoptosis in A172 cells but not in T98G cells. As(2)O(3)-induced ROS production was observed in both cell lines; however, the dissipation of DeltaPsi(m), Bax oligomerization and caspase activation occurred only in As(2)O(3)-sensitive A172 cells. To determine the mechanisms of As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis after ROS generation, we examined the change of mitochondrial morphology. As we reported previously, mitochondrial aggregation occurs before cytochrome c release during apoptosis, thus playing a role in cell death progression. We observed mitochondrial aggregation in As(2)O(3)-sensitive A172 cells but not in T98G cells treated with As(2)O(3). Using laser scanning cytometry, we quantitatively confirmed the results, which indicate that mitochondrial aggregation plays an important role in regulating sensitivity to As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. We propose a sequential process involving ROS generation, mitochondrial aggregation, Bax oligomerization and DeltaPsi(m) dissipation, and caspase activation during As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis.
Hydrodynamic assist of dynamic wetting (1994)

Abstract Dynamic wetting speeds are limited by the gross entrainment of air between the liquid and the moving substrate. We present experimental data for the curtaincoating method, in which liquid impinges at high speed on the substrate. We also show that air entrainment is strongly affected by macroscopic hydrodynamics and is subject to hysteresis. Using boundary‐layer theory, a simple hydrodynamic model is developed for the flow field in the impingement zone away from the dynamic wetting line. The model approximately accounts for the shear thinning of polymer solutions and for the influence of surface tension. We apply the molecular kinetic theory of dynamic wetting, modified to account for hydrodynamic stress, to the immediate vicinity of the wetting line. The main result is a correlation for airentrainment data. The experimentally calibrated model predicts that the hydrodynamic assist of wetting is greatest when the dynamic wetting line is located beneath the impinging curtain. Flow visualization supports this physical picture.
Fine‐grained hardware switching scheme for power reduction in multiplication (2016)

This Letter presents a fine‐grained hardware switching scheme to choose from the proper hardware for low power computing. It exploits the word‐length optimisation opportunities for multiplication unit. With the proposed technique, the gate‐level simulation result on OpenRISC shows 23.7% power reduction for the multiplication unit, which accounts for 9.5% power reduction for its execution unit.
Antitumor Activity of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Her2 Peptide Complexes (2013)

The TCRm RL1B could be a new approach to immunotherapy of Her2-expressing malignancies.
Electromagnetic Induction Sensing for Buried Explosive Hazards Detection (2019)

Detection and identification of subsurface improvised explosive devices (IED) remains one of the most pressing military and civilian problems worldwide. Usually, IED-s are made only with low conducting and/or no metallic parts and therefore are undetectable with conventional metal detectors and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors. To overcome this limitation and to fill the gap between the conventional EMI induction and radar sensing frequency bands, our group has developed a next generation High Frequency EMI (HFEMI) sensor, operating between 50 kHz and 15 MHz. Both numerical and in-lab experimental studies have showed that the new EMI sensor is able to detect high conducting (metals) as well as low conducting (carbon rods), low metal content (short wires) and nonconducting (voids in conducting soil) targets. For validating the system's detection capabilities under real world conditions, the system was deployed at an IED test site and EMI data were collected for a set of targets. In this paper, measured and numerical data are presented and analyzed for subsurface IEDs.
Impairment- and Splitting-Aware Cloud-Ready Multicast Provisioning in Elastic Optical Networks (2016)

It is known that multicast provisioning is important for supporting cloud-based applications, and as the traffics from these applications are increasing quickly, we may rely on optical networks to realize high-throughput multicast. Meanwhile, the flexible-grid elastic optical networks (EONs) achieve agile access to the massive bandwidth in optical fibers, and hence can provision variable bandwidths to adapt to the dynamic demands from the cloud-based applications. In this paper, we consider all-optical multicast in EONs in a practical manner and focus on designing impairment- and splitting-aware multicast provisioning schemes. We first study the procedure of adaptive modulation selection for a light-tree, and point out that the multicast scheme in EONs is fundamentally different from that in the fixed-grid wavelength-division multiplexing networks. Then, we formulate the problem of impairment- and splitting-aware routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (ISa-RMSA) for all-optical multicast in EONs and analyze its hardness. Next, we analyze the advantages brought by the flexibility of routing structures and discuss the ISa-RMSA schemes based on light-trees and light-forests. This paper suggests that for ISa-RMSA, the light-forest-based approach can use less bandwidth than the light-tree-based one, while still satisfying the quality of transmission requirement. Therefore, we establish the minimum light-forest problem for optimizing a light-forest in ISa-RMSA. Finally, we design several time-efficient ISa-RMSA algorithms, and prove that one of them can solve the minimum light-forest problem with a fixed approximation ratio.