gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Electromagnetic Field Treatment on Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model – Clinical and Imaging Findings (2016)

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to spinal cord damage arising from trauma, disease or degeneration. At present, there is still no treatment for any paraplegia resulting from SCI. We have previously shown that very low intensity, low frequency, electromagnetic field treatment (VLIFE) promotes neuronal plasticity after stroke and as a result, improves clinical recovery. 
Objective: In this paper we studied an innovative electromagnetic field treatment for SCI in an animal model. 
Methods: SCI was caused to 20 rats by hemi crush. The animals were divided into three groups, 7 animals were not treated, two groups received VLIFE treatment for two months, 7 rats received 15.72 Hz, and 6 rats received a dedicated treatment of 26 Hz. Clinical evaluation was performed weekly, and imaging assessment monthly. 
Results: Clinical performance assessed by a locomotor test, show significant clinical improvement of the neurological function following treatment with VLIFE (p < 0.05). Imaging results after two months of treatment, by MRI including DTI analysis, show that the non-treated (sham) spinal cord has not recovered, while in the treated animal the fibers of the spinal cord were preserved and rewired. VLIFE treatment has major benefits on injured spinal cord: preservation of the spinal cord from further degradation caused by the edema and internal cord scars, and rewiring of the spinal cord resulting with rehabilitation and improved clinical performance. 
Conclusions: Low intensity low frequency electromagnetic field treatment may be beneficial for rehabilitation from SCI, human clinical trials are planned.
45.1: Application Specific Integrated Lenses for Displays (2000)

Abstract Application Specific Integrated Lenses (ASILs), based on a unique holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H‐PDLC) material system offering high efficiency, fast switching and low switching voltage are being developed for display and telecommunication applications. The basic properties and key benefits of ASILs in displays are reviewed.
Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits with Chromosome Substitution Strains of Mice (2004)

Chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) have been proposed as a simple and powerful way to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting developmental, physiological, and behavioral processes. Here, we report the construction of a complete CSS panel for a vertebrate species. The CSS panel consists of 22 mouse strains, each of which carries a single chromosome substituted from a donor strain (A/J) onto a common host background (C57BL/6J). A survey of 53 traits revealed evidence for 150 QTLs affecting serum levels of sterols and amino acids, diet-induced obesity, and anxiety. These results demonstrate that CSSs greatly facilitate the detection and identification of genes that control the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenotypic variation in the A/J and C57BL/6J inbred strains.
Cost-effective and High Performance Cu Interconnects (k<inf>eff</inf>=2.75) with Continuous SiOCH Stack Incorporating a Low-k Barrier Cap (k=3.1) (2007)

Cost-effective and high performance Cu interconnects with k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> =2.75 were developed in single-step continuous SiOCH stack incorporating a low-k barrier cap of silica-amorphous-carbon-composite (SACC)-SiOCH film (k=3.1,E=20 GPa) with anti-oxidation surface treatment of Cu. The SACC-cap was effective to improve the adhesion strength besides the Cu diffusion barrier property. The continuous SiOCH stack by plasma co-polymerization (PcP) process demonstrated 11.7 % lower inter-layer capacitance and five times longer electro-migration life-time, as compared with a conventional multi-step SiOCH stack on SiCN cap (k=4.9). The continuous SiOCH stack incorporating the SACC-cap satisfies high performance and high reliability by simple low-cost process, applicable for leading-edge ULSIs as well as low-cost mobile applications.
Resilient MPLS Rings using SPRING (2020)

This document describes the use of SPRING to setup LSP(s) for
resilient MPLS ring networks. It specifies how clockwise and anti-
clockwise ring SIDs are allocated and signaled using IGP protocol
extensions, and how such ring SIDs achieve ring protection.
Neural network based energy storage control for wind farms (2014)

One of the main issues related with the wind energy systems is the unpredictable and fluctuating nature of the extracted wind power. The combinations of different types of energy storage systems and control strategies have been proposed in the literature in order to improve the power quality coming from the wind turbines. In the current paper, a novel neural network based control system is proposed for the entire wind farm with distributed storage system. Storage is integrated in every wind turbine (WT) in the wind farm and proposed control system reduces the total output power fluctuations by using the available energy storage distributed among the wind turbines in a cooperative manner. For the verification of the proposed control method a Simulink model for a wind farm containing 100 wind turbines was developed and simulated.
Prediction of Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) in Recipients of HLA Identical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) Using Donor Gene Expression Profiling (2018)

Background: GVHD remains the major hurdle to successful allogeneic HCT. While some plasma biomarkers can predict GVHD onset post AHCT, an ideal tool would enable prediction of GVHD prior to transplantation. Recent systems immunology analyses of human cohorts have shown that immune parameters are stable over time but display substantial inter-individual variations. We therefore hypothesized that inter-individual variations in T-cell function could identify donor able to trigger severe GVHD in their recipient. In order to address this question, we searched for correlation between the whole transcriptome of donor CD4 T cells and the occurrence of aGVHD in their recipient. Patients and Methods: We performed RNA-sequencing on purified CD4 T cells from 330 AHCT donors from three centers (Boston, Calgary, Montreal). Donor and recipient were 8/8 HLA matched siblings. CD4 T lymphocytes were isolated from donorÕs blood prior to HC mobilisation. Recipients with acute leukemia, CML and MDS were eligible. Myeloablative and reduced intensity conditioning were included. Peripheral blood and marrow graft were used. Recipients received standard calcineurin based GVHD prophylaxis. Acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD were graded according to IBMTR classification. RNA was poly-A enriched and sequenced on an Ion Proton to an average depth of 40M reads. Expression profiles were computed using TopHat and cuffquant. A nested cross-validation protocol was used to train a logistic regression with either L1 or L2 regularization to predict the onset of acute GVHD. An outer 10-fold cross-validation was used for the selection of hyper-parameters and an inner leave-one-out cross-validation was used for the predictor training. Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) and relative risks were computed based on out-of-sample predicted risk of GVHD. Results: Acute and severe aGVHD (grade 3 C) developed in 43%, and 13.6%. Discrimination between high-risk vs. low-risk donors was absolutely contingent upon the inclusion of miRNA and snoRNA expression profile in our algorithm (Figure 1A). Depending on the selected threshold applied to our predictive score, we can identify donors whose relative risk to trigger severe aGVHD is increased by 1.8- to 4-fold (Figure 1B). Conclusion: Transcriptome sequencing of donor CD4 T cells can segregate donors that carry a high- vs. low-risk of triggering severe aGVHD in their recipient. The key variable here was the miRNA and snoRNA expression profile. Considering that i) miRNA and snoRNA detected with our method are mostly located in introns, and ii) that intron retention regulates CD4 T-cell activity (PMID: 27369383), we conclude that the extent of intron retention in donor CD4 T cells determines the risk of severe aGVHD in recipients. Transcriptome sequencing of donor CD4 T cells could become a useful tool to optimize donor selection, personalized GVHD prophylaxis and improve AHCT outcome.
Spatial variability of precipitation extremes over Italy using a fine-resolution gridded product (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Analysis of extreme precipitation events has been the cornerstone of statistical hydrology and plays a crucial role in planning and designing hydraulic structures. Extreme value theory offers a solid theoretical basis for using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution as a probabilistic model to describe precipitation annual maxima. Several large-scale studies investigate the properties of the GEV distribution in point measurements offering insights on its spatial variability. Yet the sparse station network in most regions, as anticipated, leads to sparse point estimates that may distort the actual spatial patterns of the GEV&amp;amp;#8217;s parameters. Here, we use fine-resolution satellite-based gridded product, that is, the CHIRPS v2.0, to investigate the spatial variation of the GEV distribution over Italy. Our results show that the GEV shape parameter forms clear spatial patterns. We use these results to offer robust estimates and create maps for different return periods all over Italy.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Synergistic interactions of lipids and myelin basic protein (2004)

This report describes force measurements and atomic force microscope imaging of lipid-protein interactions that determine the structure of a model membrane system that closely mimics the myelin sheath. Our results suggest that noncovalent, mainly electrostatic and hydrophobic, interactions are responsible for the multilamellar structure and stability of myelin. We find that myelin basic protein acts as a lipid coupler between two apposed bilayers and as a lipid "hole-filler," effectively preventing defect holes from developing. From our protein-mediated-adhesion and force-distance measurements, we develop a simple quantitative model that gives a reasonably accurate picture of the molecular mechanism and adhesion of bilayer-bridging proteins by means of noncovalent interactions. The results and model indicate that optimum myelin adhesion and stability depend on the difference between, rather than the product of, the opposite charges on the lipid bilayers and myelin basic protein, as well as on the repulsive forces associated with membrane fluidity, and that small changes in any of these parameters away from the synergistically optimum values can lead to large changes in the adhesion or even its total elimination. Our results also show that the often-asked question of which membrane species, the lipids or the proteins, are the "important ones" may be misplaced. Both components work synergistically to provide the adhesion and overall structure. A better appreciation of the mechanism of this synergy may allow for a better understanding of stacked and especially myelin membrane structures and may lead to better treatments for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Whole-Molecule Calculation of Log P Based on Molar Volume, Hydrogen Bonds, and Simulated13C NMR Spectra (2005)

The prediction of Log P is usually accomplished using either substructure or whole-molecule approaches. However, these methods are complicated, and previous whole-molecule approaches have not been successful for the prediction of Log P in very complex molecules. The observed chemical shifts in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are related to the electrostatics at the nucleus, which are influenced by solute-solvent interactions. The different solvation effects on a molecule by either water or methanol have a strong effect on the NMR chemical shift value. Therefore, the chemical shift values observed in an aqueous and organic solvent should correlate to Log P. This paper develops a rapid, objective model of Log P based on molar volume, hydrogen bonds, and differences in calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts for a diverse set of compounds. A partial least squares (PLS) model of Log P built on the sum of carbon chemical shift differences in water and methanol, molar volume, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in 162 diverse compounds gave an r2 value of 0.88. The average r2 for 10 training models of Log P made from 90% of the data was 0.87+/-0.01. The average q2 for 10 leave-10%-out cross-validation test sets was 0.87+/-0.05.
Strategies for an HIV vaccine (2002)

The development of an HIV vaccine poses an unprecedented challenge to the scientific community. The inexorable spread of HIV worldwide and the devastating clinical consequences of AIDS can only be contained by an effective vaccine. Yet, almost two decades after the first demonstration of HIV and its etiologic role in AIDS, this vaccine still is a goal, not a reality. In this Perspective, I consider the unique problems for vaccine development posed by the biology of HIV infection, and I summarize recent advances in our understanding of the immune control of HIV and the implications of these advances for vaccine development. After reviewing the sobering history of failed traditional vaccine strategies, I discuss the rationale for vaccines with novel designs and their experimental successes to date.
Un monde à la carte (2016)

Avec les processus de mondialisation, certains groupes sociaux développent des mobilités transnationales parmi lesquels les cadres supérieurs semblent susceptibles de tirer avantage de ces dynamiques. Il apparaît pourtant que, malgré ces mobilités, les cadres supérieurs étudiés dans cet ouvrage à Paris, Lyon, Milan et Madrid demeurent profondément ancrés dans leurs quartiers et leurs villes. Leurs choix résidentiels sont marqués par des héritages et des liens familiaux et amicaux qui demeurent très structurants. La mobilité transnationale est inégale, beaucoup bougent peu et lorsqu’ils sont mobiles, ils ne vont pas très loin, pour des périodes limitées, et reviennent souvent à leur point de départ, d’où l’idée d’exit partiel de la société (et non pas de départ) : ceux qui partent accumulent des ressources et des expériences et reviennent dans leur société, souvent leur ville d’origine, vivant une forme de transnationalisation avec filet de sécurité. Enfin, dans les quatre villes, les cadres supérieurs se représentent comme l’avant-garde de la mondialisation et développent pour eux et surtout pour les enfants des stratégies pour s’adapter. Les plus mobiles demeurent très enracinés, mais se distinguent clairement des cadres supérieurs qui ne voyagent pas, d’où l’hypothèse de l’émergence d’une espèce de classe de cadres supérieurs européens mobiles qui partage des pratiques et des valeurs.
Complex Carton Packaging with Dexterous Robot Hands (2006)

The chapter has presented a dexterous reconfigurable assembly and packaging system (D-RAPS) with dexterous robot fingers. The aim of this research was to design a reconfigurable assembly and packaging system that can handle cardboard cartons of different geometry and shapes. The initial idea was to develop such a system that can demonstrate adaptability to cartons of different styles and complexities. It was shown that the packaging machine could fold two cartons of completely different shapes. The cycle time for the folding was approximately 45 seconds in each case. Though this is not an optimized time for folding, it is envisaged to reduce the cycle time to 30 seconds or less with on-line data transfer. Although there are many issues that need to be addressed before a fully flexible machine can be realized on the shop floor, nevertheless, the research was aimed at proving the principle of quick change-over, which faces the packaging industry. The future enhancement will include optimization of finger trajectory, use of tactile sensors for force feedback to avoid excessive pressure on the panel, and astrictive mode of grasping to involve the vacuum system at the fingertips. It is also proposed to integrate the simulation model directly with the actual machine to download the motion data online. The XY-table can be motorized and controlled for autoreconfiguration. These advanced techniques will automate the entire packaging process starting from the two dimensional drawing of the cardboard, defining its kinematics then generating the motion sequences leading to the finished product packaging. It is also envisaged to mount such dexterous reconfigurable hands directly onto a robotic arm to offer higher level of flexibility in packaging, if this can be miniaturized. The system will not only perform carton folding but can also be used to insert the product into the carton during the folding sequences. This will reduce the packaging time and will also be able to meet challenges of high adaptability to ever changing demands of high-end personal product packaging.
Uniform distribution of copper and cobalt during the synthesis of SiMFI-5 from kanemite through solid-state transformationElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns for CoSiMFI and CuSiMFI samples synthesised by SST at various stages in the process and containing different metal loadings. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b207539n/ (2003)

Two types of Cu- and Co-containing SiMFI samples were prepared through solid-state transformation (SST) from kanemite by adding metal nitrate directly to the synthesis mixture and by impregnation. Samples were characterized using XRD, ICP, TEM and TPR. XRD and TEM data show that both metals are highly dispersed inside the bulk zeolites for the SST samples. For samples containing more than 10 wt% cobalt, the characteristic metal oxide peaks were observed after calcination. In the case of CuSiMFI, narrow metal peaks are observed by XRD after reduction. The particle sizes are in the range 2–6 nm for the samples prepared by SST and exhibit a broad distribution range for those synthesized by the impregnation method. XRD shows that the samples have the SiMFI structure, independent of metal content. Despite the high metal content, the CoSiMFI and CuSiMFI samples prepared by SST show a high level of metal dispersion in the zeolite bulk.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cross-reactivity between tumor MHC class I-restricted antigens and an enterococcal bacteriophage. (2020)

Intestinal microbiota have been proposed to induce commensal-specific memory T cells that cross-react with tumor-associated antigens. We identified major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-binding epitopes in the tail length tape measure protein (TMP) of a prophage found in the genome of the bacteriophage Enterococcus hirae Mice bearing E. hirae harboring this prophage mounted a TMP-specific H-2Kb-restricted CD8+ T lymphocyte response upon immunotherapy with cyclophosphamide or anti-PD-1 antibodies. Administration of bacterial strains engineered to express the TMP epitope improved immunotherapy in mice. In renal and lung cancer patients, the presence of the enterococcal prophage in stools and expression of a TMP-cross-reactive antigen by tumors correlated with long-term benefit of PD-1 blockade therapy. In melanoma patients, T cell clones recognizing naturally processed cancer antigens that are cross-reactive with microbial peptides were detected.Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. PMID: 32820119
Optimization of Manganese Coupling Reaction for Kilogram-Scale Preparation of Two Aryl-1,3-dione Building Blocks (2017)

Aryl-1,3-diones represent a promising new class of herbicidal acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors. The original synthesis of this structural motif employed in the research phase involved a selenium oxide mediated oxidation, the use of diazoacetate and aryl lead reagents, and a low temperature oxidation of an aryl lithium intermediate, so it was not well suited to large scale synthesis. For kilogram scale synthesis of the two aryl-1,3-dione building blocks (3 and 4), we developed an alternative route which employs a manganese or manganese–copper catalyzed alkyl Grignard coupling and a semi-pinacol rearrangement of an epoxide as the key steps. The optimized conditions could be of general interest as scalable methods for the synthesis of 2-alkyl substituted benzaldehydes and of 2-aryl-1,3-diones.
Observation of Centrality-Dependent Acoplanarity for Muon Pairs Produced via Two-Photon Scattering in Pb+Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02  TeV with the ATLAS Detector (2018)

This Letter presents a measurement of γγ→μ^{+}μ^{-} production in Pb+Pb collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 0.49 nb^{-1}. The azimuthal angle and transverse momentum correlations between the muons are measured as a function of collision centrality. The muon pairs are produced from γγ through the interaction of the large electromagnetic fields of the nuclei. The contribution from background sources of muon pairs is removed using a template fit method. In peripheral collisions, the muons exhibit a strong back-to-back correlation consistent with previous measurements of muon pair production in ultraperipheral collisions. The angular correlations are observed to broaden significantly in central collisions. The modifications are qualitatively consistent with rescattering of the muons while passing through the hot matter produced in the collision.
Two-Photon Antenna-Core Oxygen Probe with Enhanced Performance (2014)

Recent development of two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) of oxygen enabled first noninvasive high-resolution measurements of tissue oxygenation in vivo in 3D, providing valuable physiological information. The so far developed two-photon-enhanced phosphorescent probes comprise antenna-core constructs, in which two-photon absorbing chromophores (antenna) capture and channel excitation energy to a phosphorescent core (metalloporphyrin) via intramolecular excitation energy transfer (EET). These probes allowed demonstration of the methods' potential; however, they suffer from a number of limitations, such as partial loss of emissivity to competing triplet state deactivation pathways (e.g., electron transfer) and suboptimal sensitivity to oxygen, thereby limiting spatial and temporal resolution of the method. Here we present a new probe, PtTCHP-C307, designed to overcome these limitations. The key improvements include significant increase in the phosphorescence quantum yield, higher efficiency of the antenna-core energy transfer, minimized quenching of the phosphorescence by electron transfer and increased signal dynamic range. For the same excitation flux, the new probe is able to produce up to 6-fold higher signal output than previously reported molecules. Performance of PtTCHP-C307 was demonstrated in vivo in pO2 measurements through the intact mouse skull into the bone marrow, where all blood cells are made from hematopoietic stem cells.