gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Continuity, Brittle to Ductile Transition Temperature, and Creep Behavior of a Eutectic Mo–20Si–52.8Ti Alloy (2022)

Mo–Si–Ti alloys, like eutectic Mo–20Si–52.8Ti (at%), have previously been intensely investigated, owing to their excellent oxidation and creep resistance. To better understand high‐temperature mechanical behavior, a holistic assessment of microstructural features is necessary. Correspondingly, 3D‐focused ion beam tomography is carried out in Mo–20Si–52.8Ti. The results indicate a severely interconnected network of Mo solid solution (Mo SS ) and intermetallic (Ti,Mo) 5 Si 3 . Both phases retain similar network connectivity, lamellar sizes, etc. The brittle to ductile transition temperature (BDTT) is then determined through a series of bending tests and interpreted using the microstructural information. The BDTT is found to be ≈1100–1150 °C, different from Mo–9Si–8B with a continuous Mo SS network. The BDTT is an immediate consequence of the continuous network of both Mo SS and (Ti,Mo) 5 Si 3 . The Mo SS network is instrumental in crack trapping and bridging, indicating that the present phase distribution maximized the mechanical performance over (Ti,Mo) 5 Si 3 . Having determined the network microstructure and BDTT, tensile creep behavior is evaluated and compared to previously published compressive creep results. The results show consistency in terms of strain rate, stress exponent, and microstructural features indicating a reliably good creep resistance for the network microstructure of Mo–20Si–52.8Ti regardless of loading direction.
The wave variable method for multiple degree of freedom teleoperation systems with time delay (2006)

Time delay is a serious problem for bilateral teleoperation systems. Even a small time delay in a bilateral teleoperation system would generally degrade the system's performance and cause instability. An important approach that guarantees stability for any fixed time delay is the wave variable method. In this paper we present some recent material dealing with teleoperation systems using wave variables. In particular, we describe a wave variable scheme based on a family of scaling matrices for multiple degree-of-freedom bilateral teleoperation system. We include a derivation of a larger family of scaling matrices that guaranteed the system remains stable for a fixed time delay. A multiple degree-of-freedom bilateral teleoperation system using the new wave variable method is simulated using a SIMULINK model. In addition, the new derivation was implemented in hardware using an Immersion joystick and a C++ program
Genome-wide Expression Analyses of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 Reveals Coordinate Regulation of Motility and Virulence by flhA (2004)

We examined two variants of the genome-sequenced strain, Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168, which show marked differences in their virulence properties including colonization of poultry, invasion of Caco-2 cells, and motility. Transcript profiles obtained from whole genome DNA microarrays and proteome analyses demonstrated that these differences are reflected in late flagellar structural components and in virulence factors including those involved in flagellar glycosylation and cytolethal distending toxin production. We identified putative sigma(28) and sigma(54) promoters for many of the affected genes and found that greater differences in expression were observed for sigma(28)-controlled genes. Inactivation of the gene encoding sigma(28), fliA, resulted in an unexpected increase in transcripts with sigma(54) promoters, as well as decreased transcription of sigma(28)-regulated genes. This was unlike the transcription profile observed for the attenuated C. jejuni variant, suggesting that the reduced virulence of this organism was not entirely due to impaired function of sigma(28). However, inactivation of flhA, an important component of the flagellar export apparatus, resulted in expression patterns similar to that of the attenuated variant. These findings indicate that the flagellar regulatory system plays an important role in campylobacter pathogenesis and that flhA is a key element involved in the coordinate regulation of late flagellar genes and of virulence factors in C. jejuni.
Performance and Portability with OpenCL for Throughput-Oriented HPC Workloads across Accelerators, Coprocessors, and Multicore Processors (2014)

Ever since accelerators and coprocessors became the mainstream hardware for throughput-oriented HPC workloads, various programming techniques have been proposed to increase productivity in terms of both the performance and ease-of-use. We evaluate these aspects of OpenCL on a number of hardware platforms for an important subset of dense linear algebra operations that are relevant to a wide range of scientific applications. Our findings indicate that OpenCL portability has improved since our previous publication and many new and surprising usage scenarios are possible that rival those available after decades of software development on the CPUs. The combined performance-portability metric, even though not promised by the OpenCL standard, reflects the need for tuning performance-critical operations during the porting process and we show how a large portion of the available efficiency is lost if the tuning is not done correctly.
Methodology for low power test pattern generation using activity threshold control logic (2007)

This paper proposes a new technique of power-aware test pattern generation, wherein the test mode power constraints are specified using pseudo hardware logic functions (referred to as power constraint circuits) that augment the target circuit fed to the ATPG tool. The novelty of this approach is three-fold: (i) The ATPG tool only sees the enhanced circuit. This influences the generation of the test cubes themselves, as against post-processing of these cubes for a given pattern. (ii) Pattern generation can be driven to minimize test power according to a programmable switching activity threshold, and hence, is scalable. (iii) The same constraint circuit can also be effectively used for pattern filtering to isolate patterns which cause high switching activity. Additionally, the proposed method does not require any changes to the pattern generation tool or process. This paper describes the methodology, together with techniques for realizing the hardware circuit and specifying thresholds. Experimental results on various benchmark circuits (including an industrial design) are presented to show the effectiveness of this approach.
Simplified Machine Learning Models Can Accurately Identify High-Need High-Cost Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2022)

In hospitalized patients with IBD, simplified tree-based machine learning algorithms using administrative claims data can accurately predict patients at risk of progressing to HNHC.
Two-User MIMO Broadcast Channel with Transmit Correlation Diversity: Achievable Rate Regions (2021)

In a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broad-cast channel (BC), the difference in spatial transmit correlation matrices of different users is called transmit correlation diversity. Recently, several works have extended this concept beyond its original scope, to include channels whose transmit correlation matrices have non-overlapping eigenspaces. In contrast to earlier analyses of overlapping eigenspaces that were mostly described in terms of degrees-of-freedom, this work presents achievable rate regions. These achievable regions are derived by rate-splitting, product superposition, or a combination thereof. Our rate expressions make explicit the contribution of the common parts and individual (non-overlapping) parts of the correlation eigenspaces toward the achievable rate region. As a by-product, a result of Hassibi and Hochwald on MIMO channel training is extended to channels with spatial correlation.
P4–034: Viewing neurodegeneration beyond the tangle: The role of RNA binding proteins in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

The aggregation of proteins, such as tau, that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases is classically thought to occur as an undesirable, nonfunctional byproduct of protein misfolding. In contrast, RNA binding proteins use protein aggregation as part of a normal regulated, physiological mechanism that consolidates RNA-protein complexes. RNA binding proteins play fundamental roles in managing RNA splicing, transport and translation. The complexes of RNA-protein aggregates have many different functions, but play a particularly prominent role during conditions of stress, where they form complexes termed stress granules. Using biochemical and immunochemical approaches, we investigated the process of aggregation of tau and TDP-43, which are two proteins that form intracellular aggregates. Studies were done using a range of systems, including neuronal cell culture, transgenic mice and human post-mortem specimens. We observe that intracellular aggregates of tau and TDP-43 co-localize with numerous RNA binding proteins, including TIA-1, TTP and eIF3. The RNA binding protein complexes fulfilled criteria of stress granules, suggesting that they are linked to known physiological processes regulating RNA binding protein aggregation. The degree of co-localization varies with disease state and the type of RNA binding protein examined. Mice expressing APP alone (5xFAD) do not exhibit strong formation of stress granules. In contrast mice expressing APP and tau (3xTgAD) exhibit particularly strong co-localization between tau and RNA binding proteins. Our studies of tau protein indicate that some RNA binding proteins directly interact with tau in a manner that reflects tau phosphorylation. The interaction between tau and TIA-1 might have important effects on the tendency of tau to aggregate, because co-transfecting tau with TIA-1 induces hyper-phosphorylated tau inclusions. We hypothesize that aggregation of RNA binding proteins contributes to the pathophysiology of tau in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. RNA granules, such as stress granules, protect against stress, but under conditions of chronic stress the process might become overactive producing pathological stress granules that persist and interfere with neuronal functions. RNA binding proteins might represent a previously “hidden” component of intracellular aggregates that can be utilized as diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets.
The autophagy sensor ITPR1 protects renal carcinoma cells from NK-mediated killing (2015)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is dominated by inactivating mutations in VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), leading to constitutive activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and induction of a hypoxia response transcription signature. Our study demonstrated that VHL mutation results in the acquisition of ccRCC resistance to NK-mediated lysis by a mechanism involving EPAS1/HIF-2α stabilization. More importantly we identified ITPR1 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1) as a direct novel target of EPAS1 and as a potent regulator of NK-mediated killing through the activation of autophagy in target cells by a signal derived from NK cells. Therefore, it is conceivable to consider EPAS1 or the autophagy sensor ITPR1 as a potential target in future therapeutic protocols that aim to improve NK cell responses in patients with RCC and other solid malignancies.
Phorbol ester treatment down-regulates immunoglobulin RNA steady-state levels in B type chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. (1990)

The human B-lymphoma cell lines BJAB and Daudi, as well as the human pre-B cell line KM3, were found to down-regulate steady-state immunoglobulin RNA levels 2- to 4-fold after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) for 24 hr. No down-regulation of the transcriptional rate of a kappa promoter could be observed in any of these cell lines upon transient expression transfection. The observed down-regulation of steady-state immunoglobulin RNA affected both the secretory and the membrane form of the mu transcript equally. When freshly isolated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells where tested for their response to PMA, three of four isolates responded by down-regulating their steady-state immunoglobulin RNA levels.
Rosiglitazone suppresses gastric carcinogenesis by up-regulating HCaRG expression. (2008)

Our previous study demonstrated that PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone prevents gastric carcinogenesis in rats induced by chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). In this study, we attempted to identify novel anti-cancer mechanisms of rosiglitazone. By examining the gene expression profiles of MNNG-induced and rosiglitazone-treated gastric cancer with Uniset Rat I Bioarray microarray, we identified a gene that showed prominent responses in the rosiglitazone-treated group. The hypertension-related, calcium-regulated gene (HCaRG) was significantly up-regulated in rat gastric carcinoma of the rosiglitazone-treated group when compared with the MNNG group. We further examined HCaRG expression in human gastric cancer and found that the expression of HCaRG was down-regulated in human gastric cancerous tissue. Rosiglitazone markedly induced the expression of HCaRG in the AGS cell line. The up-regulation of HCaRG may be one of the mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effect of rosiglitazone in gastric cancer.
High voltage clamped IGBT for automotive ignition applications (2002)

A new field-limiting-ring (FLR) concept with variable ring widths is proposed for designing a high voltage collector-gate clamped IGBT. An IGBT based on the new concept has been designed and fabricated with a standard IGBT process flow to provide a clamp voltage of 620 volts. The new high voltage clamped IGBT is to be primarily used in automotive ignition applications.
Predicting Scatter from Roughness (2012)

<i>Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future.</i> - Niels Bohr One of the difficulties associated with scatter measurements is the large number of variables on which the scatter distribution depends. In addition to sample parameters such as roughness, bulk defects, and contamination, there are instrumentation-dependent parameters such as polarization, angle of incidence, and wavelength. Separating the various effects is not trivial, although there can be strong economic motivations to do so. The usual approach has been to make scatter measurements under the conditions expected for actual use; that is, to use the polarization, incident angle, and wavelength that are intended for eventual use to make the scatter measurements. Although polarization and incident angle are relatively easy to adjust in most instruments, a huge amount of data would be required to cover all of the combinations that a given sample might encounter in its expected use. In addition, generating scatter data at arbitrary wavelengths is an expensive task. Therefore, there are strong motivations for being able to predict sample scatter and avoid taking the data. Unfortunately, there has been a tendency to oversimplify some scatter predictions, which has led to poor results and considerable confusion. For example, the relationship <i>TIS</i> = (4&#x03C0;&#x03C3;/&#x03BB;)<sup>2</sup> can be interpreted as follows: if the rms roughness doubles, the measured TIS will quadruple. This is essentially true (ignoring the high-angle sensitivity limitations of TIS measurements given in Section 1.6) if the increase in &#x03C3; is produced proportionally over the spatial bandwidth corresponding to the angular collection cone of the scatter instrument (i.e., the PSD doubles over the collection angles). But the equation is easily misinterpreted as indicating that if the illuminating wavelength is doubled, the measured scatter from a given reflector should be reduced by one fourth. Although one could probably guess that the TIS would be reduced in such a case, it would be just a guess because changing the wavelength changes the spatial bandwidth of the measurement. If a grating was being measured, and doubling the wavelength brought the first-order diffraction into the collection optics, the TIS would probably increase!
Fabrication of silicon nanowires using atomic layer deposition (2005)

Growth of silicon nanodots at temperatures 550-625°C by thermal decomposition of silane in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor is reported here. This procedure uses short periods of deposition time in the early stages of polysilicon growth. Atomic Force Microscopy was used a primary technique to investigate the growth of the silicon nanodots on three different substrates. The substrates used are clean silicon, silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate and dilute hydrofluoric acid treated silicon dioxide substrate. The analysis reveals that for a 1 min deposition time on a hydrofluoric acid treated substrate, the mean size of the nanodots obtained range between 5-10 nm in height and 20-30 nm in diameter. However, the size of the nanodots obtained is different for the three substrates used.
Radiographic alterations in clavicular bone tunnel width following anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction (ACCR) for chronic acromioclavicular joint injuries (2020)

Case Series; Level of evidence, IV.
Multiple Hypothesis Object Tracking For Unsupervised Self-Learning: An Ocean Eddy Tracking Application (2013)

Mesoscale ocean eddies transport heat, salt, energy, and nutrients across oceans. As a result, accurately identifying and tracking such phenomena are crucial for understanding ocean dynamics and marine ecosystem sustainability. Traditionally, ocean eddies are monitored through two phases: identification and tracking. A major challenge for such an approach is that the tracking phase is dependent on the performance of the identification scheme, which can be susceptible to noise and sampling errors. In this paper, we focus on tracking, and introduce the concept of multiple hypothesis assignment (MHA), which extends traditional multiple hypothesis tracking for cases where the features tracked are noisy or uncertain. Under this scheme, features are assigned to multiple potential tracks, and the final assignment is deferred until more data are available to make a relatively unambiguous decision. Unlike the most widely used methods in the eddy tracking literature, MHA uses contextual spatio-temporal information to take corrective measures autonomously on the detection step a pos- teriori and performs significantly better in the presence of noise. This study is also the first to empirically analyze the relative robustness of eddy tracking algorithms.
A Study of Capillary Porous Structure and Sorption Properties of Nafion Proton‐Exchange Membranes Swollen in Water (1998)

The standard porosimetry method (SPM) was used to study capillary porous and sorption properties of Nafion® proton‐exchange membranes. Pore volume‐size and surface‐size distributions were recorded together with water distributions as a function of capillary pressure and desorption isotherms. The measurements were performed at 20 and 80°C; only a small temperature effect was found for the porous volume structure. Using these data, the charge density at the inner pore surfaces was evaluated. The estimate suggested only a small degree of diffuseness of the proton double layer at the inner pore surface.
Urinary total conjugated 3-bromotyrosine, asthma severity, and exacerbation risk (2022)

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by eosinophil recruitment, eosinophil peroxidase release, and protein oxidation through bromination, which following tissue remodeling results in excretion of 3-bromotyrosine. Predicting exacerbations and reducing their frequency is critical for the treatment of severe asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine can discriminate asthma severity and predict asthma exacerbations. We collected urine from participants with severe (<i>n</i> = 253) and nonsevere (<i>n</i> = 178) asthma, and the number of adjudicated exacerbations in 1-yr longitudinal follow-up was determined among subjects enrolled in the Severe Asthma Research Program, a large-scale National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded consortium. Urine glucuronidated bromotyrosine and total conjugated forms were quantified by hydrolysis with either glucuronidase or methanesulfonic acid, respectively, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of free 3-bromotyrosine. Blood and sputum eosinophils were also counted. The majority of 3-bromotyrosine in urine was found to exist in conjugated forms, with glucuronidated bromotyrosine representing approximately a third, and free bromotyrosine less than 1% of total conjugated bromotyrosine. Total conjugated bromotyrosine was poorly correlated with blood (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.038) or sputum eosinophils (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.0069). Compared with participants with nonsevere asthma, participants with severe asthma had significantly higher urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine levels. Urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine was independently associated with asthma severity, correlated with the number of asthma exacerbations, and served as a predictor of asthma exacerbation risk over 1-yr of follow-up.
A Modified Approach for Minimally Invasive Tubular Microdiscectomy for Far Lateral Disc Herniations: Docking at the Caudal Level Transverse Process (2022)

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The use of minimally invasive retractor systems has significantly decreased the amount of tissue dissection and blood loss, and the duration of post-operative recovery after far-lateral disc herniations (FLDH). In this technical note, the technique of docking the tubular retractor on the caudal transverse process is described for an efficient approach with a decreased need for manipulation of the exiting nerve root. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: The case reported is that of a woman affected by a right-sided FLDH at the L4-5 level causing an L4 radiculopathy with weakness and numbness. A review of the literature for FLDH regarding the key anatomy used during a far lateral approach was also performed. <i>Results</i>: The patient showed a significant improvement of her dorsiflexion weakness and radiating leg pain at her 2-week and 5-week post-operative visits, and at a 6-month follow-up she had near-complete relief of her symptoms, including resolution of foot numbness. Prior techniques for tubular microdiscectomy for FLDH report docking on the facet joint, pars interarticularis, and the cranial transverse process. <i>Conclusions</i>: This technical note details that the utility of docking a tubular retractor at the caudal transverse process improves upon already established techniques for minimally invasive tubular discectomy for FLDH.