gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle‐Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges (2022)

Progress in artificial muscles relies on new architectures that combine soft matter with transduction mechanisms for converting controlled stimuli into mechanical work. Liquid metal, in particular eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), is promising for creating an artificial muscle since it is intrinsically deformable and capable of generating significant force and shape change through low voltage stimulation. In this work, a muscle-inspired structure for designing liquid metal actuators is presented, where EGaIn droplets are configured with copper pads to linearly contract. By theory and experiments, it is demonstrated that this design enables higher work densities and stress, making it a favorable actuator at smaller length scales. Furthermore, higher frequency (up to 5 Hz) operation is achieved by prestretching an antagonistic pair of actuators, where energy bistability enables fast-switching actuation. Overall, this muscle-inspired architecture shows a unique combination of low voltage operation, higher energy density at smaller scales, structural scalability, and higher frequency actuation.
Interactive hybrid simulation of large-scale traffic (2011)

Automobile traffic is ubiquitous in developed nations and on the rise in developing countries. Traffic simulation techniques for animation, urban planning, and engineering design are of increasing interest and import for analyzing road usage in urban environments and for interactive visualization of virtual cityscapes.
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Iopamidol-370 and Iodixanol-320 in Patients Undergoing Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography (2007)

When the same injection rate and iodine dose is used, the effects on HR of bolus intravenous injections of iopamidol-370 and iodixanol-320 were similar. Iopamidol-370 provides significantly greater enhancement during the arterial phase and similar enhancement during the portal venous phase compared with iodixanol-320.
A Loss Model for Parabolic-Profile Fiber Splices (1978)

In the past, measurement results of splice loss of optical fibers have corresponded poorly to existing theory, which assumes a uniform power distribution across the cone of radiation defined by the local numerical aperture. In this paper, a model is developed in which a Gaussian power distribution across the local numerical aperture is assumed. Transmission through a splice at each point on the transmitting core is found to depend on the ratio of receiving to transmitting numerical aperture at that point. Numerical integration of these “point” transmission functions over core areas of interest yields both splice loss and the additional loss that occurs in a long fiber following the splice. This model cannot be theoretically rigorous, since it is inconsistent with boundary conditions required by the laws of light propagation. However, it has been found to predict splice loss under varying conditions with much greater accuracy than existing theory. The model has the further virtue of being able to calculate how variations in many intrinsic and extrinsic splice parameters combine to produce an overall splice loss.
Potential role of activated platelets in homing of human endothelial progenitor cells to subendothelial matrix (2006)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilize from the bone marrow in response to tissue injury and participate in vascular repair. However, there is limited data about the homing mechanisms of EPCs to vascular injury sites. Recently animal experiments indicated that platelets play a role in recruitment of EPCs to injury sites. However, data on the possible interaction between platelets and EPCs within the human system are limited. We, therefore, examined in-vitro human platelet-EPC interaction under static and flow conditions. Human EPCs were isolated from donated buffy coats by magnetic microbeads and flow cytometry cell sorting using CD133 and VEGFR-2, respectively, as markers. Platelets were tested in the form of washed platelets, platelet rich plasma or whole blood. EPCs formed heterotypic aggregates with resting platelets under static conditions, an interaction that was greatly enhanced when platelets were activated by collagen, ADP or thrombin-activation peptide. The platelet-EPC interaction was inhibited by antibodies to P-selectin or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), but not by antibodies to glycoproteins Ib-IX-V or IIb/IIIa. When perfused over activated platelets under shear stress of 2.5 dyn/cm(2), EPCs tethered to platelayers and either adhered immediately or rolled a short distance before adhering. In addition, platelets promoted the colonization of adherent EPCs in culture conditions. Consistent with recent animal studies, these findings demonstrate that human EPCs interact in vitro with activated platelets under static and flow conditions, mediated through P-selectin-PSGL-1 interaction. This interaction may be a central mechanism for homing of EPCs to vascular injury sites.
Polyoxoanions functionalized by diorganotin groups: the tetrameric, chiral tungstoarsenate(iii), [{Sn(CH3)2(H2O)}2{Sn(CH3)2}As3(α-AsW9O33)4]21− (2005)

The tetrameric, hybrid organic-inorganic tungstoarsenate(III) [{Sn(CH3)2(H2O)}2{Sn(CH3)2}As3(alpha-AsW9O33)4]21- is composed of four (B-alpha-AsW9O33) fragments that are linked by three dimethyltin groups and three As(III) atoms resulting in an unprecedented, chiral polyoxoanion assembly with C1 symmetry.
A New Shape Signature for Fourier Descriptors (2007)

Shape-based image description is an important approach to content-based image retrieval (CBIR). A variety of techniques are reported in the literature that aim to represent objects based on their shapes; each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. Fourier descriptor (FD), a simple yet powerful technique, has attractive properties such as rotational, scale, and translational invariance. In this paper we investigate this technique and present a novel shape registration method for extracting Fourier descriptors. When evaluated against curvature scale space (CSS) and Zernike moments (ZM) in shape-based image retrieval, the proposed technique exhibits superior performance.
Role of Asphaltene Origin in Its Adsorption at Oil–Water Interfaces (2022)

We have studied the interfacial properties of oil–water interfaces in the presence of asphaltenes from different sources, crude oil, bitumen, and coal. The study includes dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) and interfacial compression rheology measurements. By comparison of DIFT for different concentrations, we show that the kinetics is dominated by interfacial reorganization. Some of the asphaltenes are found more interfacially active than others, but adsorption is irreversible for all. The interfacial rheological behavior is also varied: asphaltenes from petroleum with equal aliphatic and aromatic fractions and immature bitumen with a large aliphatic fraction and small aromatic fraction form flexible interfacial layers, whereas coal asphaltenes with a large aromatic fraction and small aliphatic fraction form rigid layers. As other asphaltenes, the petroleum and coal asphaltenes of the present study form layers that equilibrate rapidly below the critical nanoaggregate concentration (CNAC). The immature shale asphaltenes behave differently as the other asphaltenes studied above the CNAC. The interfacial layers have a marked nonlinear behavior, particularly pronounced for the coal asphaltenes, in which complex Lissajous’ diagrams indicate stacking upon compression. We discuss the overall interfacial behavior in terms of molecular differences between asphaltenes.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator gene is on chromosome 8 (1986)

Tissue plasminogen activator is one of the two plasminogen activators, both serine proteases, that catalyze the conversion of inactive plasminogen to plasmin, which then degrades the fibrin network of blood clots. By combining somatic cell genetics, in situ hybridization, and Southern blot hybridization, we localized the human tissue plasminogen activator gene to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 8.
IEEE Empower a Billion Lives: An Opportunity for Innovation and Entrepreneurship [Entrepreneur Viewpoint] (2021)

In 2018, the IEEE Power Electronics Society (PELS) launched a biennial global competition known as Empower a Billion Lives (EBL). As a global initiative, EBL aims to crowdsource regionally relevant innovation to accelerate deployment of energy access solutions at scale to nearly three billion people who live in severe energy poverty. Providing affordable energy access to them can dramatically impact their living standard, health, education, productivity, and ability to be a part of modern society.
<i>MITF</i> and MITF-dependent genes are highly up-regulated in melanospheres. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;. In a scheme prepared based on the microarray data, only differentially expressed upstream regulators of MITF and downstream target genes are shown. The red boxes and FC values shown in brackets indicate genes that were up-regulated in melanospheres, and the blue boxes, in monolayers. &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;. qRT-PCR validation of &lt;i&gt;MITF&lt;/i&gt; expression and selected MITF-dependent genes. The expression level of each gene was normalized to the expression of a reference gene, &lt;i&gt;RPS17&lt;/i&gt;. Data are presented as fold change in monolayers &lt;i&gt;versus&lt;/i&gt; melanospheres, in which the expression levels of the genes were set as 1. The mean values and SD were calculated from 3 experiments performed in triplicates. A fold change higher than 1000 is shown as 1000. &lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;. Representative flow cytometry plots indicate the frequency of Melan-A/MART-1- and gp100-positive cells in melanospheres and monolayers. Flow cytometry-based quantification is shown in Table S6 in &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095157#pone.0095157.s001" target="_blank"&gt;File S1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
A UV sensor IC based on SOI technology for UV care application (2008)

The UV(Ultra-violet) light sensors for sun light monitor has been demonstrated by the novel UV sensor based on thin film SOI(Silicon On Insulator) technology, which is applied the thin film feature of selectively high sensitivity at the UV wavelength region. The new UV sensor IC is embedded the peripheral circuit to convert the detected photo-current to analog voltage output. As the results, the UV sensor detects the UV power in the sun light successfully. This paper also shows the estimation results of the UV Index, which is the generally indication of UV power in the sun light.
Liposome fixation by UV polymerization (1984)

In standard dehydration and epoxy embedding of biological material, substantial portions of lipid are extracted. In addition, the mechanisms of lipid fixation by osmium tetroxide are either unknown or poorly understood. Liposomes, particles of lamellar liquid crystalline lipid in water, react immediately with osmium, but are not preserved and the bulk of the lipid is removed in subsequent processing. Several authors heve attempted to improve lipid retention by using water-soluble embedding media, various dehydration techniques, etc., with varying degrees of success. The structure and morphology of the lipid bilayers in tissue or in liposomes remains open to question. To deal with these problems, a new type of lipid which can be polymerized was developed. The synthetic lipid, N,N dimethyl, di(ethoxycarbonyl-2,4-hexadecadienyl)ammonium iodide, DDEAI, incorporates a polymerizable conjugated diene moeity in each tail of the molecule. The counterion in the head group is iodide, which provides a strong, yet localized electron scattering site which precludes the need for other stains (Fig. 1.).
Reconstruction and Frequency Mapping with Phase-Cycled BSSFP (2010)

Balanced SSFP images are sensitive to off-resonance effects, showing signal voids in correspondence to particular frequency values. Application of phase cycling to the RF pulses changes the frequency values at which the signal voids appear, therefore a single artifact-free image can be obtained by multiple acquisition. In this work, the data acquired from four phase cycles are fitted to the classical Freeman-Hill formula describing the signal behavior of bSSFP, and an artifact-free image together with a frequency map is obtained.
Fluorine chemical shielding tensors and crystal structure of potassium tetrafluorophthalate (1973)

The 19F shielding tensors of the two aromatic fluorines of potassium tetrafluorophthalate (KTFP) are reported. The results indicate that the most shielded elements of the tensors lie perpendicular to the carbon ring in agreement with previous powder studies and, of the two in-plane components, the more shielded is along the CF bond. The results also show that the ``ortho effect'' of Karplus and Das is not simply additive in the case of KTFP. Such additivity has been assumed by Nehring and Saupe in their liquid crystal study of fluorine shielding tensors in multifluorobenzenes.
Enabling Fluorinated MOF‐Based Membranes for Simultaneous Removal of H2S and CO2 from Natural Gas (2018)

Membrane-based gas separations are energy efficient processes; however, major challenges remain to develop high-performance membranes enabling the replacement of conventional separation processes. Herein, a new fluorinated MOF-based mixed-matrix membrane is reported, which is formed by incorporating the MOF crystals into selected polymers via a facile mixed-matrix approach. By finely controlling the molecular transport in the channels through the MOF apertures tuned by metal pillars and at the MOF-polymer interfaces, the resulting fluorinated MOF-based membranes exhibit excellent molecular sieving properties. These materials significantly outperform state-of-the-art membranes for simultaneous removal of H<sub>2</sub> S and CO<sub>2</sub> from natural gas-a challenging and economically important application. The robust fluorinated MOFs (NbOFFIVE-1-Ni, AlFFIVE-1-Ni), pave a way to efficient membrane separation processes that require precise discrimination of closely sized molecules.
Downlink Coverage and Rate Analysis of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations Using Stochastic Geometry (2020)

As low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems are gaining increasing popularity, new theoretical methodologies are required to investigate such networks' performance at large. This is because deterministic and location-based models that have previously been applied to analyze satellite systems are typically restricted to support simulations only. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the downlink coverage probability and average data rate of generic LEO networks, regardless of the actual satellites' locality and their service area geometry. Our solution stems from stochastic geometry, which abstracts the generic networks into uniform binomial point processes. Applying the proposed model, we then study the performance of the networks as a function of key constellation design parameters. Finally, to fit the theoretical modeling more precisely to real deterministic constellations, we introduce the effective number of satellites as a parameter to compensate for the practical uneven distribution of satellites on different latitudes. In addition to deriving exact network performance metrics, the study reveals several guidelines for selecting the design parameters for future massive LEO constellations, e.g., the number of frequency channels and altitude.
Coagulation of Whole Blood Stimulates Interleukin-1 Gene Expression (1995)

To study interleukin (IL)-1 beta gene expression, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used on 25-microL whole blood samples from 11 healthy subjects. Coagulated and unclotted whole blood was compared. There was no evidence of IL-1 beta gene expression in any time zero samples (i.e., whole blood from which mRNA was immediately extracted) from 11 subjects, whereas a 388-bp band representing IL-1 beta mRNA was detected in all coagulated samples. No mRNA for IL-1 beta was detected in EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood, although in these samples the addition of lipopolysaccharide as a positive control induced the expression of IL-1 beta. In time course studies on samples allowed to clot, mRNA for IL-1 beta was detectable after 30 min. These findings demonstrate that IL-1 beta gene expression is not present in circulating cells of healthy subjects and that coagulation is a stimulus for IL-1 beta gene expression. This may be a mechanism by which thrombosis produces inflammation and fever.
Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling in endometriosis (2020)

Are STAT3 signaling molecules differentially expressed in endometriosis?
Strong Aharonov-Bohm quantum interference in simply connected LaAlO3/SrTiO3 structures (2019)

We report Aharonov-Bohm (AB) type quantum interference in simply connected devices created at the ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ interface using conductive atomic force microscope (c-AFM) lithography. The oscillations are multiperiodic functions of magnetic field strength, and they exhibit a substantial magnetic hysteresis with frequencies that depend on the magnetic sweep direction. The oscillation amplitude for the lowest two frequencies approaches ${e}^{2}/h$, consistent with the theoretical maximum for the AB effect, and harmonics up to third order are observable. Broadband quasiperiodic behavior is reported in a fraction of simply connected electron waveguide devices that exhibit magnetic asymmetries. Curiously, nanoscale ring devices that are multiply connected lack signatures of AB quantum interference. The interference phenomena are associated with an inhomogeneous magnetic landscape within the ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ nanostructures.
Teaching Material And Energy Balances On The Internet (2024)

Strategies for designing effective multimedia educational materials for lessons that are delivered over the Internet will be illustrated using lessons developed for the sophomore-level chemical engineering course on material and energy balances.The advantages offered by the Internet may be exploited to create a valuable educational experience for the student that cannot be duplicated in the formal classroom.These advantages include: i) convenient access to the course from any location and on any schedule; ii) an added level of communication of the scientific concepts through well-designed audio-visual content (including voice, simulations, animations, pictures, and video); iii) the students' control of the pace of the course; and iv) the ability to easily integrate problem solving with the "lecture" component of each lesson.We have developed an Internet version of CHE 201: Material and Energy Balances that illustrates some of the potential for delivering college courses over the Internet.Features of this course include: i) hour-long lessons that are delivered using voice, text, pictures, simulations and animations; ii) sets of 10 to 20 short answer questions that the students encounter about every 20 minutes and are designed to reinforce the concepts that they just learned; iii) an electronic bulletin board (called the WebTalk discussion system) that everyone can access which includes student questions that are updated and answered daily; iv) weekly homework assignments (with posted solutions), and quizzes as well as regular exams that are administered by an approved proctor; v) a cooperative group project in which teams of students work together over the Internet; and vi) a hypertext glossary that can be accessed by clicking on the word to be defined or by moving to the glossary web page.
Identification of a class of small molecules that up-regulate production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 via inhibition of GSK3β (51.10) (2010)

Abstract Interleukin-10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine exhibits pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation and is capable of inhibiting synthesis of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, TNFα and GM-CSF made by cells such as macrophages and Th-1 cells. During the course of our investigation to find small molecules that are capable of inhibiting the production of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-23, we came across a sub-set of small molecules that exhibited an interesting property of up-regulating expression of IL-10 besides inhibiting IL-23 production. Such observation prompted us to further investigate the mechanism of action and target identification for this class of compounds. Preliminary experiments revealed that enhanced IL-10 production upon LPS stimulation of human THP-1 monocytic cells in the presence of compounds appears to be due to inhibition of GSK3β kinase. Results from these studies were further substantiated by screening the lead candidate against a panel of kinases in-vitro including GSK3β and a cell-based β-cateinin accumulation assay that directly measures GSK3β kinase on-target activity.
Abstract 11227: Ischemia Mediated Contractile Dysfunction Modulates Functional Mitral Regurgitation - Multiparametric Strain and Tissue Characterization Data from the Society of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (scmr) Registry (2021)

Introduction: LV ischemia has been linked to functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) but ischemia is present many pts without FMR. CMR concomitantly assesses MR, ischemia and LV function but has not been used to test factors modifying impact of ischemia on FMR. Methods: Vasodilator stress CMR was performed in CAD pts in a multicenter registry, in whom advanced (≥moderate) FMR was confirmed by core lab. LV ischemia was categorized by subpapillary involvement (subtending mitral apparatus). To test mechanism by which ischemia impacts FMR, LV strain was measured in pts with ischemia and &lt;5% LV infarct, with and without (1:2) FMR, matched for ischemia extent/distribution. Followup was done for mortality. Results: 2639 pts were studied; 7% had advanced FMR. While FMR pts had more ischemia in subpapillary (21.8 ± 28.3 vs 13.4 ± 21.9%) and nonpapillary (19.2 ± 25.5 vs 13.0 ± 22.2%) regions (p&lt;0.001), multivariate analysis showed only subpapillary ischemia (OR 1.13 per 5% LV [1.05, 1.21] p=0.001) to be associated with FMR (nonpapillary p=NS). Wall motion scores in ischemic subpapillary segments were higher in pts with FMR (1.7±0.9 vs 0.8±0.9, p&lt;0.001) paralleling strain subgroup data (n=114): FMR prevalence increased stepwise with impaired radial and circumferential strain ( Figure ). Adverse mitral remodeling associated with impaired strain; mitral tenting area (OR -0.01 per % [-0.02, -0.004] p&lt;0.01) and papillary fractional shortening (OR 0.36 per % [0.26, 0.47] p&lt;0.001) each associated with subpapillary radial strain controlling for nonpapillary strain (p=NS). On follow up (median 4.7 [2.2, 7.7] yr), FMR, age, subpapillary ischemia and infarction each independently predicted death (p&lt;0.001): When categorized as dysfunctional or non-dysfunctional, only ischemic/dysfunctional myocardium (HR 1.15 per 5% LV [1.05, 1.14] p&lt;0.001) associated with death. Conclusions: Ischemia mediated LV dysfunction on multiparametric CMR modulates likelihood of FMR and adverse prognosis.