gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miscibility in Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites Suitable for Microelectronic Applications:  Comparison of Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2003)

Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to study the miscibility of methylsilsesquioxane (MSSQ)/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) [P(MMA-co-DMAEMA)] hybrid nanocomposites, which are promising candidates for spin-on, ultralow dielectric constant materials. MSSQ resins with different initial concentrations of −SiOH (silanol) are used to study the effect of end-group functionality on the phase separation behavior of the hybrid nanocomposites. MDSC measurements, which are useful for studying phenomena with length scales of 10 nm and larger, are consistent with apparent miscibility for P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) loading levels as high as 70 wt % for both resins studied. In contrast, fluorescence studies on pyrene-labeled PMMA derivatives, which interrogate substantially smaller distance scales, reveal that pyrene excimer formation occurs at P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) loading levels above 6 wt %, thus establishing an upper limit on local miscibility with MSSQ. As the P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) loading level increases, the excimer-to-monomer (IE/IM) ratio also increases, suggesting that the MSSQ/P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) hybrid nanocomposites move toward greater immiscibility. This ratio approaches that of the neat polymer for domain sizes >5 nm as determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The fluorescence results also show that the lower the initial silanol content in MSSQ, the greater the immiscibility of the MSSQ and porogen, which ultimately translates into larger pores upon porogen burnout, as evidenced by the transmission electron microscopy results.
PD-L1 enhances the efficacy of the oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 (2020)

Abstract Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a novel immunotherapy showing great promise in the treatment of cancer. Due to the impaired anti-viral response in cancer cells, OVs such as VSVΔ51 preferentially replicate in cancer cells relative to healthy cells. PD-L1 is a surface protein that binds to the inhibitory checkpoint receptor PD-1 to inhibit anti-cancer immunity in vivo. Previous work has suggested that PD-L1 has the ability to inhibit type I interferon signaling. Given that the type I interferon pathway is responsible for inducing the cellular anti-viral response, we hypothesized that PD-L1 will affect the replication of the OV VSVΔ51 in cancer cells. To this end, a PD-L1 knockout line was generated from the PD-L1-expressing mouse prostate cancer cell line TRAMP-C2 by CRISPR/Cas9 (TRAMP-C2 Cd274 −/−). Indeed, WT TRAMP-C2 is more susceptible to VSVΔ51 infection and oncolysis compared to TRAMP-C2 Cd274 −/− cells, and TRAMP-C2 Cd274 −/− cells exhibit severe defects in viral replication and virion production. Similar results have been observed in a different cell type/line. Mechanistically, TRAMP-C2 Cd274 −/− secrete greater amounts of IFN-β compared to WT TRAMP-C2 post-infection (with subsequent enhanced expression of IFN-stimulated anti-viral genes), and have altered signaling in response to IFN-β stimulation and VSVΔ51 infection. Similar results are observed following treatment with the viral mimic, poly(I:C). Importantly, all differences in infection between WT TRAMP-C2 and TRAMP-C2 Cd274 −/− are abolished when the activity of IFNAR is blocked. Lastly, preliminary evidence suggests that CD80 surface expression is required for the function of PD-L1. Ultimately, we aim to characterize PD-1-independent functions of PD-L1.
Studies of Acetaminophen and Metabolites in Urine and Their Correlations with Toxicity Using Metabolomics (2009)

A LC/MS-based metabolomic assay was utilized to investigate a drug's excretion kinetic profile in urine so that the drug toxicity information could be obtained. Groups of 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats per dose were orally gavaged with a single dose of 0.2% carboxymethylcellulose, 400 mg acetaminophen (APAP)/kg body weight or 1600 mg APAP/kg. UPLC/MS and NMR were used to evaluate the excretion kinetics of major drug metabolites. N-acetyl-L-cysteine acetaminophen (APAP-NAC) had statistically significant correlations with clinical chemistry data, endogenous metabolite concentrations and histopathology data. The potential toxicity of a drug can be assessed through the study of the drug's metabolite profiles.
Twenty-four week decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) predicts mortality at week 52 in the INPULSIS trials (2017)

In a pooled analysis of data from the Phase III INPULSIS® trials, a significantly lower proportion of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treated with nintedanib vs. placebo (PBO) had disease progression defined as absolute decline in FVC of ≥5% or ≥10% predicted at week 52.
The Effect of Metformin on Diastolic Function in Patients Presenting with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2016)

In contrast to experimental and observational data, our randomized placebo controlled trial did not suggest a beneficial effect of short-term metformin treatment on diastolic function in STEMI patients.
In vivo human retinal blood flow imaging using color Doppler optical coherence tomography (2003)

We demonstrate color Doppler optical coherence tomography in the living, undilated human eye for the first time. This technology has implications in the pathological understanding of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other diseases afflicting retinal microvasculature.
Critical role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) in the onset of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance (2006)

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids. Mice with a targeted disruption of Scd1 gene locus are lean and display increased insulin sensitivity. To examine whether Scd1 activity is required for the development of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance, we used a sequence-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASO) to lower hepatic Scd1 expression in rats and mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Treatment of rats with Scd1 ASO markedly decreased liver Scd1 expression (approximately 80%) and total Scd activity (approximately 50%) compared with that in rats treated with scrambled ASO (control). Insulin clamp studies revealed severe hepatic insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats and mice that was completely reversed by 5 days of treatment with Scd1 ASO. The latter treatment decreased glucose production (by approximately 75%), gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis. Downregulation of Scd1 also led to increased Akt phosphorylation and marked decreases in the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc-6-Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Thus, Scd1 is required for the onset of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
Multiphoton imaging with a direct‐diode pumped femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (2012)

A direct-diode pumped Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator is used to perform multiphoton imaging for the first time.
Agarose Gel and Salt Solution Conductivity Study in Phantom Preparation for mNP Hyperthermia Research (2020)

Electric conductivities are measured and reported for Agarose - salt solutions at magnetic Nano Particles (mNP) hyperthermia applicably frequencies between 50 kHz and 250 kHz.
Hybrid model predictive control based on wireless sensor feedback: An experimental study (2009)

Abstract Design and experimental validation of model predictive control (MPC) of a hybrid dynamical laboratory process with wireless sensors is presented. The laboratory process consists of four infrared lamps, controlled in pairs by two on/off switches, and of a transport belt, where moving parts equipped with wireless sensors are heated by the lamps. The process, which is motivated by heating processes in the plastic and printing industry, presents interesting hybrid dynamics. By approximating the stationary heat spatial distribution as a piecewise affine function of the position along the belt, the resulting plant model is a hybrid dynamical system. The control architecture is based on the reference governor approach: the process is actuated by a local controller, while a hybrid MPC algorithm running on a remote base station sends optimal belt velocity setpoints and lamp on/off commands over a wireless link, exploiting the sensor information received through the wireless network. A discrete‐time hybrid model of the process is used for the hybrid MPC algorithm and for the state estimator. The physical modelling of the process and the hybrid MPC algorithm are presented in detail, together with the hardware and software architectures. The experimental results show that the presented theoretical framework is well suited for control of the new laboratory process, and that the process can be used as a prototype system for evaluating hybrid and networked control strategies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
SIZE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS AND THEORY OF ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLE OXIDATION KINETICS (2007)

Micron sized aluminum particles have been traditionally used as an energetic material, but in the last decade a lot of research efforts have focused on looking at oxidation of aluminum nanoparticles because of their enhanced reactivity. This article talks about the experimental size dependent reactivity measurement of aluminum nanoparticles using single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS). We found that the reactivity of aluminum nanoparticles increased with decreasing primary particle size as well as decreasing particle mobility size. A phenomenological model has also been described in this article which highlights the difference in the mechanism of oxidation of aluminum nanoparticles as compared to micron sized particles. This model also shows the significance of physical phenomena that are important at nanoscale, like pressure gradient present in the particle, and may impact the oxidation process.
Automata system: composition according to graph of links (2016)

The problem of modeling and composing of aggregate systems is considered. The system components are described with finite automata with multiple entries and exits. The communication between automata is described with message passing over simplex communication channels. The system is described with a directed graph of links. Each node of the graph corresponds to automaton of a component and an arc corresponds to a communication channel connecting exit of one automaton with entry of another automaton. Automaton of the graph node in each state can accept multiple messages from its entries (at most one message from each entry) and send multiple messages to its exits (at most one message to each exit). Entries (exits) of the automata not connected to exits (entries) of automata are considered to be external and used for communication between the system and its environment. The automata of the system operate synchronously: on each cycle each automaton performs one transition. A transition of an automaton imposes requirements on states of all its entries and exits (messages in them are specified) and explicitly specifies subset of entries and exits through which the messages are received or sent, respectively. Synchronous communication between automata means that for each link the requirements of the automata connected with this link must conform to each other. It makes possible to describe a wider spectrum of automata behavior. For example, a priority of message receiving: if there are multiple message in the automata entries, it can receive messages with the highest priority and discard the rest of the messages. It also makes possible for the automaton to receive messages regardless of ability to simultaneously send some message to some exit. A composition of the automata of the system according to the graph of links is defined and its associativity is proved. In conclusion, the directions of future research are described.
Streaming kidney (1991)

Abstract. Twenty‐five male young adult random bred rats, weighing 250–300 g, were injected with 18·5 kBq/g body weight tritiated thymidine (specific activity 185 GBq/mM). The rats were then killed in groups of five, at the following times: 1 h and 14, 30 , 60 and 120 days. The kidneys were processed histologically and dipped into liquid emulsion, exposed for 3 weeks and developed. Kinetic measurements were restricted to juxta‐medullary glomeruli, their adjacent convoluted tubules and medullary tubuli. All other nephrons were ignored. The medullary pole of the juxta‐medullary glomerulus served as reference point for all measurements and was referred to as the origin. The distance of a labelled cell from the origin was measured with an eye‐piece micrometer and expressed in terms of two units: distance (μm) and cell location, defined as the number of cells separating a labelled cell from origin. Since only medullary nephrons were considered, these measurements represent distances directed toward the papilla. One hour after labelling, most cells were in the vicinity of the juxta‐medullary glomerulus, not further than 800 μ m from the origin in the direction of the papilla. During the following days labelled cells advanced toward the papilla at a daily velocity of 13.8 pm, covering 1.1 locations/day. Kinetically, the juxta‐medullary nephron is a two‐compartment cell renewal system. Its compartments, the progenitor (P) and the functional (a), cover locations 0–80 and 81–150, respectively. The first feeds the second with cells. Morphologically, the progenitor compartment includes proximal and distal convoluted epithelia and a part of thick straight tubules. Other nephron portions belong to the Q‐compartment. It is assumed that the nephrocyte is a part of a cell stream directed toward the papilla, which probably also includes stroma and vasculature.
An RF MEMS Variable Capacitor with Intelligent Bipolar Actuation (2008)

We propose an IBA scheme based on a pull-out detection, which is suitable for implementing in a circuit. The scheme is implemented in a driver IC that is part of a module with an RF MEMS variable capacitor. No failures are observed over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cycles at 85degC, which is an accelerated charging condition.
Effect of the Degree of the Gate‐Dielectric Surface Roughness on the Performance of Bottom‐Gate Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2020)

Abstract In organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) fabricated in the inverted (bottom‐gate) device structure, the surface roughness of the gate dielectric onto which the organic‐semiconductor layer is deposited is expected to have a significant effect on the TFT characteristics. To quantitatively evaluate this effect, a method to tune the surface roughness of a gate dielectric consisting of a thin layer of aluminum oxide and an alkylphosphonic acid self‐assembled monolayer over a wide range by controlling a single process parameter, namely the substrate temperature during the deposition of the aluminum gate electrodes, is developed. All other process parameters remain constant in the experiments, so that any differences observed in the TFT performance can be confidently ascribed to effects related to the difference in the gate‐dielectric surface roughness. It is found that an increase in surface roughness leads to a significant decrease in the effective charge‐carrier mobility and an increase in the subthreshold swing. It is shown that a larger gate‐dielectric surface roughness leads to a larger density of grain boundaries in the semiconductor layer, which in turn produces a larger density of localized trap states in the semiconductor.
Motion-sensitive 3-D optical coherence microscope operating at 1300 nm for the visualization of early frog development (2007)

We present 3-dimensional volume-rendered in vivo images of developing embryos of the African clawed frog <i>Xenopus laevis</i> taken with our new en-face-scanning, focus-tracking OCM system at 1300 nm wavelength. Compared to our older instrument which operates at 850 nm, we measure a decrease in the attenuation coefficient by 33%, leading to a substantial improvement in depth penetration. Both instruments have motion-sensitivity capability. By evaluating the fast Fourier transform of the fringe signal, we can produce simultaneously images displaying the fringe amplitude of the backscattered light and images showing the random Brownian motion of the scatterers. We present time-lapse movies of frog gastrulation, an early event during vertebrate embryonic development in which cell movements result in the formation of three distinct layers that later give rise to the major organ systems. We show that the motion-sensitive images reveal features of the different tissue types that are not discernible in the fringe amplitude images. In particular, we observe strong diffusive motion in the vegetal (bottom) part of the frog embryo which we attribute to the Brownian motion of the yolk platelets in the endoderm.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from A selective small-molecule nuclear factor-κB inhibitor from a high-throughput cell-based assay for “activator protein-1 hits” (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S2 from A selective small-molecule nuclear factor-κB inhibitor from a high-throughput cell-based assay for “activator protein-1 hits”
Chemotaxonomic studies on the genus Citrus. I. Distribution of flavones in the subgroup microcarpa. (1987)

The distribution of polyoxygenated flavones in the subgroup microcarpa of the genus Citrus was examined by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography. 3', 4', 5, 6, 7, 8-Hexamethoxy-4', 5, 6, 7, 8-pentamethoxy-and 3', 4', 5, 6, 7-pentamethoxyflavone were detected in all species of the subgroup and their contents in the fruit peels were quantitated.
Generation and Photoreactions of 2,4,6-Trinitreno-1,3,5-triazine, a Septet Trinitrene (2004)

We have studied the matrix photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric triazide, 1). Stepwise generation of the corresponding mononitrene, dinitrene, and trinitrene was observed by matrix IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The generated species were identified by comparison of their matrix IR spectra with density functional theory (DFT) computational results. The generation of 2,4,6-trinitreno-1,3,5-triazine with a septet ground state was confirmed for the first time by matrix EPR spectroscopy. The trinitrene readily decomposed into three NCN molecules upon further photoirradiation. This process was also confirmed by matrix EPR spectroscopy.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Apr 2008Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.12.018AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 179(4), p. 1521 Robotic Assistance in Urological Microsurgery: Initial Report of a Successful In-Vivo Robot-Assisted Vasovasostomy 1 : Robotic microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study in a rat model. J Urol2004; 171: 1720. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Initial evaluation of robotic technology for microsurgical vasovasostomy. J Urol2004; 171: 300. Link, Google Scholar © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4April 2008Page: 1521 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Chaos and nonlinear dynamics of single-particle orbits in a magnetotail-like magnetic field. Memorandum report (1985)

The properties of charged-particle motion in Hamiltonian dynamics are studied in a magnetotail-like magnetic-field configuration. It is shown by numerical integration of the equation of motion that the system is generally nonintegrable and that the particle motion can be classified into three distinct types of orbits; the bounded integrable orbits, unbounded stochastic orbits and unbounded transient orbits. It is also shown that different regions of the phase space exhibit qualitatively different response to external influences. The concept of differential memory in single-particle distributions is proposed. Physical implications to the dynamical properties of the magnetotail plasmas, and the possible generation of non-Maxwellian features in the distribution function are discussed.
A Retrospective Study of the Effects of Laser Suture Lysis on the Long-term Results of Trabeculectomy (1995)

We retrospectively examined the effects of laser suture lysis on the long-term results of initial trabeculectomies in 130 consecutive eyes that had an intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg during the first 4 postoperative weeks. After the high intraocular pressure was noted, 46 eyes underwent laser suture lysis; the other 84 did not. The 2-year cumulative probability of success in the laser suture lysis group was .84 and, in the control group, .82 (P > .05). Intraocular pressures in the two groups 1 and 2 years after trabeculectomy were similar. Laser suture lysis had no discernible effect on the long-term success rate of trabeculectomy in these patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines Through Cascade Direct Alkenylation/Cyclization Reactions. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rilonacept for gout flare prevention during initiation of uric acid-lowering therapy: results from the PRESURGE-2 international, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT00958438.
Thermally-activated shape memory alloys for retrofitting bridge double-angle connections (2021)

Double-angle connections are prone to fatigue cracking in old steel bridges; however, owing to their complexity, there are not many retrofitting solutions for these details. This study proposes a retrofitting system for double-angle connections using iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs). An innovative connection test setup equipped with an optical 3D digital image correlation (DIC) measurement system was developed. The retrofitting system included two end-anchorages set on either side of the connection. Fe-SMA strips were inserted inside the anchorages, and then were thermally activated (pre-stressed) to a temperature of 260 °C. Numerical finite element studies were performed to investigate the static behavior of the system. It was found that the activated/prestressed Fe-SMA strips not only apply a reverse positive moment on the connection (versus an undesirable negative fixity moment), but also “absorb” a portion of the negative moment, owing to the added axial stiffness. The proposed SMA-based system offers a versatile and cost-effective technique (with quick and easy installation) for bridge connections, and can significantly reduce the effects from undesirable sources of fatigue cracking.
<title>Camera networks and microphone arrays for video conferencing</title> (1999)

Robust and adaptive operation of a video conferencing system can be realized by proper utilization of a network of video cameras and microphone arrays. Such multimodal sensory modules can provide valuable information about the geometrical and acoustical properties of an environment as well as can allow for real-time monitoring for dynamic activity in the environment. In this paper, we present an overview of the research activities focused on utilization of omnidirectional camera networks for geometrical and environmental modeling and microphone arrays for speaker localization.