gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Pyrazolo(4,3‐c)‐ and Imidazo(4,5‐c)‐ Aryl(e)Fused Pyridines as Structural Analogues of 4‐Aminonicotinoates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New concrete arch bridge at Victoria Avenue, Lincoln, Canada (2012)

The replacement of the Victoria Avenue Bridge in the town of Lincoln, Ontario, Canada was a unique civil engineering project. The cast-in-place construction design was a more costly, but more appropriate and efficient method of replacement for this structure. The alternative pre-cast box units would mar the historical and aesthetic significance of the location in scenic Vineland, Ontario. The design combined elements of new technology while retaining some physical elements of the old bridge. Glass fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing bars and a concrete form liner were used to compliment the reinstated parapet wall features. This project is relevant to civil engineering practice as an example of successfully melding old and new in bridge design. These contrasting characteristics have been blended well with the use of concrete colourisation and finishing techniques. The visual appeal and character created with the reinstated balustrades and end posts have added beauty to a structure engineered for a long lifespan using new reinforcing techniques.
Evolution Strategies Converges to Finite Differences (2019)

Since the debut of Evolution Strategies (ES) as a tool for Reinforcement Learning by Salimans et al. 2017, there has been interest in determining the exact relationship between the Evolution Strategies gradient and the gradient of a similar class of algorithms, Finite Differences (FD).(Zhang et al. 2017, Lehman et al. 2018) Several investigations into the subject have been performed, investigating the formal motivational differences(Lehman et al. 2018) between ES and FD, as well as the differences in a standard benchmark problem in Machine Learning, the MNIST classification problem(Zhang et al. 2017). This paper proves that while the gradients are different, they converge as the dimension of the vector under optimization increases.
A Study on the Compensating System for the Acoustic Characteristics Caused by the Variation of Distance from Sound Source to Microphone (2012)

본 연구에서는 마이크로폰에 입사되는 음성 신호를 거리의 변동에 의해 크기와 주파수 응답특성 변화를 최소화시키는 방법에 대한 연구를 하였다. 우선 마이크로폰과 음성음원 사이의 거리를 변화시키며 거리변화에 따른 응답특성을 측정하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 마이크로폰은 일반적으로 사용되는 마이크로폰 중에 무지향성 마이크로폰과 초단일지향성 마이크로폰, 단일지향성 마이크로폰 등, 3가지 종류의 마이크로폰을 선정하였다. 측정한 이들 마이크의 주파수 응답특성 변화 결과를 기준치와 비교하여 보정치를 구하고 이를 주파수 대역별로 변화된 음성신호를 원음과 근사하게 보상하도록 하였다. 저주파대역은 근접효과에 의한 증폭현상, 그리고 거리에 의한 감쇠효과를 보정하도록 하였다. 중음대역에서는 저음대역보다 거리의 변화에 의한 주파수특성 편차가 비교적 적었지만 음성정보신호에 중요한 영향을 주는 부분이기 때문에 기준신호와 비교하여 복원하도록 하였다. 고주파대역의 음성정보의 변화는 극히 미소하여 고주파대역 조정은 큰 문제가 없이 원음에 가깝게 복원되었다. In this thesis, studied the method to minimize the changes in frequency response and level due to the variation of the distance from the source to the microphone. selecting three microphones (omni directional, cardioid, super cardioid) which are being used generally, frequency responses were measured in accordance with the distance changes. Gotten the difference from the reference as the result of measurement, changed responses for each frequency range were compensated in comparison of the original human vocal source. In low frequency range, the low frequency boost caused by the proximity effect and decrease in accordance with the distance were compensated. The variation in mid-frequency range is comparatively small, however since the mid-range is the most important part of the human vocal signal, were compensated the mid-frequency range in comparison of the reference. The human vocal signal variation in high frequency range is extremely small and the high frequency is compensated close to the original source without difficulty. Understanding the microphone characteristics and compensations, this study showed that the response can be maintain among the change of the distance from the source to the microphone.
A General Synthetic Method of 5-Carboranyluracil Nucleosides with Potential Antiviral Activity and use in Neutron Capture Therapy (1997)

Abstract Previous biochemical and pharmacological studies indicated that 5-o-carboranyl-2′-deoxyuridine is a lead candidate for boron neutron capture therapy. This prompted the development of a rapid and stereoselective N 1-glycosylation reaction of silylated 5-o-carboranyluracil with a variety of protected sugars. The key intermediate, 5-o-carboranyluracil (6), was prepared from 5-iodouracil in six steps. A novel coupling procedure of the 2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethynylpyrimidine (4) with decaborane without activator was used. Silylated 6 was coupled with a variety of carbohydrates under mild conditions to produce several carborane containing nucleosides. In each case, the stereochemistry and stereoselectivity of the glycosylation reaction was not affected by the presence of the carborane at the 5-position of the uracil and produced exclusively closo [closo-1,2-C2B10H12 cage] nucleosides. This was confirmed by X-ray structure determination of racemic 5-carboranyl-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiauridine. This compound demonstrated an anti-conformation with the oxathiolane ring in a pseudo C-2′-endo conformation. The toxicity profile of the new compounds and their precursors was determined in three cell culture systems, two of human origin (PBM and CEM cells) and one of monkey origin (Vero cells). The compounds were also evaluated for their potential antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus in vitro. 5-o-Carboranyl-xylofuranosyluracil (12) demonstrated low toxicity in culture and in mice.
831: Phase II Study of Pomegranate Juice for Men with Rising PSA following Surgery or Radiation for Prostate Cancer (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Monday, May 23, 2005, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2005831: Phase II Study of Pomegranate Juice for Men with Rising PSA following Surgery or Radiation for Prostate Cancer Allan J. Pantuck, John T. Leppert, Nazy Zomorodian, Navindra Seeram, Daniel Seiler, Harley Liker, He-jing Wang, Robert Elashoff, David Heber, and Arie S. Belldegrun Allan J. PantuckAllan J. Pantuck More articles by this author , John T. LeppertJohn T. Leppert More articles by this author , Nazy ZomorodianNazy Zomorodian More articles by this author , Navindra SeeramNavindra Seeram More articles by this author , Daniel SeilerDaniel Seiler More articles by this author , Harley LikerHarley Liker More articles by this author , He-jing WangHe-jing Wang More articles by this author , Robert ElashoffRobert Elashoff More articles by this author , David HeberDavid Heber More articles by this author , and Arie S. BelldegrunArie S. Belldegrun More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35000-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "831: Phase II Study of Pomegranate Juice for Men with Rising PSA following Surgery or Radiation for Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), pp. 225–226 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 225-226 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Allan J. Pantuck More articles by this author John T. Leppert More articles by this author Nazy Zomorodian More articles by this author Navindra Seeram More articles by this author Daniel Seiler More articles by this author Harley Liker More articles by this author He-jing Wang More articles by this author Robert Elashoff More articles by this author David Heber More articles by this author Arie S. Belldegrun More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Multiparty Computation from El Gamal/Paillier Conversion (2009)

We propose a protocol for converting the encryption function of a ciphertext into another encryption function while keeping the corresponding message secret. The proposed protocol allows conversions of the El Gamal and Paillier cryptosystems and has the potential to design an efficient multiparty protocol intended for circuits consisting of arithmetic and logical operations. We clarify the condition of circuits such that the multiparty protocol based on the proposed protocol provides better performance than previous approaches. In addition, we introduce some privacy-preserving statistical computations as an effective application of the proposed protocol.
Leakage reduction in DFT-based channel estimation for LTE Uplink (2010)

Channel estimation is an integral part of receiver designs in coherent OFDM systems. Moreover channel estimation is a challenging problem in wireless systems, due to time variation of the multipath channel. In this paper, a time domain channel estimation method for rapidly time varying channel in LTE Uplink, which we have been proposed previously is further studied in the presence of guard band and multiple access. Since the presence of guard band and multiple access results in leakage, we therefore propose a new approach to reduce leakage on the number of taps which are to be tracked by Kalman Filter.
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy for detecting biliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation (2011)

The absence of biliary obstruction on HBS is not reliable. Thus, when post-LDLT biliary strictures are suspected, early ERCP may be considered.
Random Access for Massive MIMO Systems with Intra-Cell Pilot\n Contamination (2015)

Massive MIMO systems, where the base stations are equipped with hundreds of\nantenna elements, are an attractive way to attain unprecedented spectral\nefficiency in future wireless networks. In the "classical" massive MIMO\nsetting, the terminals are assumed fully loaded and a main impairment to the\nperformance comes from the inter-cell pilot contamination, i.e., interference\nfrom terminals in neighboring cells using the same pilots as in the home cell.\nHowever, when the terminals are active intermittently, it is viable to avoid\ninter-cell contamination by pre-allocation of pilots, while same-cell terminals\nuse random access to select the allocated pilot sequences. This leads to the\nproblem of intra-cell pilot contamination. We propose a framework for random\naccess in massive MIMO networks and derive new uplink sum rate expressions that\ntake intra-cell pilot collisions, intermittent terminal activity, and\ninterference into account. We use these expressions to optimize the terminal\nactivation probability and pilot length.\n
Measurement of a complete HV IGBT I-V-characteristic up to the breakdown point (2013)

This paper describes how to measure the complete output characteristic of a high-voltage IGBT non-destructively up to the breakdown point and beyond. Hereby, a deep knowledge of the IGBT behaviour at high voltages and saturation currents is gained. To construct the complete characteristic, short-circuit and curve-tracer measurements are combined. The results are compared and recapitulated with semiconductor simulations of IGBT models fitted to experimental characteristics.
Transnitrosylation from DJ-1 to PTEN Attenuates Neuronal Cell Death in Parkinson's Disease Models (2014)

Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative/nitrosative stress, as occurs during aging, contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast, detoxification of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can protect neurons. DJ-1 has been identified as one of several recessively inherited genes whose mutation can cause familial PD, and inactivation of DJ-1 renders neurons more susceptible to oxidative stress and cell death. DJ-1 is also known to regulate the activity of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which plays a critical role in neuronal cell death in response to various insults. However, mechanistic details delineating how DJ-1 regulates PTEN activity remain unknown. Here, we report that PTEN phosphatase activity is inhibited via a transnitrosylation reaction [i.e., transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group from the cysteine residue of one protein to another]. Specifically, we show that DJ-1 is S-nitrosylated (forming SNO-DJ-1); subsequently, the NO group is transferred from DJ-1 to PTEN by transnitrosylation. Moreover, we detect SNO-PTEN in human brains with sporadic PD. Using x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis, we find that Cys106 is the site of S-nitrosylation on DJ-1 and that mutation of this site inhibits transnitrosylation to PTEN. Importantly, S-nitrosylation of PTEN decreases its phosphatase activity, thus promoting cell survival. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the neuroprotective role of SNO-DJ-1 by elucidating how DJ-1 detoxifies NO via transnitrosylation to PTEN. Dysfunctional DJ-1, which lacks this transnitrosylation activity due to mutation or prior oxidation (e.g., sulfonation) of the critical cysteine thiol, could thus contribute to neurodegenerative disorders like PD.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (1992)

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a simple and highly effective method for separating, identifying, and purifying 0.5- to 25-kb DNA fragments. The Basic Protocol in this unit can be divided into three stages: (1) a gel is prepared with an agarose concentration appropriate for the size of DNA fragments to be separated; (2) the DNA samples are loaded into the sample wells and the gel is run at a voltage and for a time period that will achieve optimal separation; and (3) the gel is stained or, if ethidium bromide has been incorporated into the gel and electrophoresis buffer, visualized directly upon illumination with UV light. Support protocols describe the use of midigels and minigels, as well as recommendations for photographing stained gels.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convergent Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐10‐Methyltridecan‐2‐one ( VI), the Sex Pheromone of the Spotted Cucumber Beetle, by Iron‐ Mediated Chirality Transfer. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Urinary Bacteria in Elderly Patients with Urinary Incontinence and Low Levels of Daily Activity. (1997)

The results of bacteria isolated from the urine of inactive elderly patients with urinary incontinence in 1982, 87, 93 and 95 were compared and the chronological changes of urinary bacteria were analyzed. The following results were obtained: (1) The most common bacteria isolated from the patients in 1995 were D-group Enterococcus, followed by Providencia rettgeri, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. It is thought that the main cause of the more frequent isolation of Enterococcus is an abuse of cephems and fecal contamination. (2) The most common bacteriaisolated from the patients who were managed with an indwelling urethral catheter were Proteus and Providencia species, and their incidence tended to decrease from 1982 to 1995. (3) Infection with Pseudomonas species tended to increase, as did that Staphylococcus species, especially Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and then decreased. Based on these findings, it is important to assess and treat dysuria before inserting an indwelling urethral catheter, and to select an antibacterial agent that is effective in elderly patients with urinary incontinence and limited activity.
Research on the Integrated Teaching Mode of Online and Offline in College Mathematics Teaching (2022)

College mathematics teaching can cultivate students’ thinking ability, improve students’ mathematical accomplishment, help students develop comprehensive mathematical ability, and contribute to students’ future development. In the current college mathematics teaching, more emphasis is placed on the cultivation of students’ independent inquiry ability. In order to improve students’ ability of independent inquiry, many colleges have implemented the integration of online autonomous learning and offline classroom teaching to achieve the goal of cultivating students. This paper adopts the methods of literature research and comparative research to promote the development of online and offline integrated teaching mode of college mathematics. It firstly analyzes the current status of college mathematics teaching, then discusses the advantages of the integration of online and offline teaching mode, then analyzes the shortcomings of the current online and offline integrated teaching mode of college mathematics teaching, and finally puts forward suggestions to promote the development of online and offline integration teaching mode of college mathematics.
CMOS compatible subwavelength grating couplers for silicon integrated photonics (2012)

We demonstrate a through etched subwavelength grating coupler, which can be patterned together with other photonic components. It achieves a very high coupling efficiency of 59% with a 3dB bandwidth of 60 nm.
Ultrahigh-Speed Swept-Source OCT Angiography in Exudative AMD (2014)

OCTA may offer noninvasive monitoring of the retinal and choriocapillaris microvasculature in patients with CNV, which may assist in diagnosis and monitoring.
Genetic Determinants of Phosphate Response in Drosophila (2013)

Phosphate is required for many important cellular processes and having too little phosphate or too much can cause disease and reduce life span in humans. However, the mechanisms underlying homeostatic control of extracellular phosphate levels and cellular effects of phosphate are poorly understood. Here, we establish Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for the study of phosphate effects. We found that Drosophila larval development depends on the availability of phosphate in the medium. Conversely, life span is reduced when adult flies are cultured on high phosphate medium or when hemolymph phosphate is increased in flies with impaired malpighian tubules. In addition, RNAi-mediated inhibition of MAPK-signaling by knockdown of Ras85D, phl/D-Raf or Dsor1/MEK affects larval development, adult life span and hemolymph phosphate, suggesting that some in vivo effects involve activation of this signaling pathway by phosphate. To identify novel genetic determinants of phosphate responses, we used Drosophila hemocyte-like cultured cells (S2R+) to perform a genome-wide RNAi screen using MAPK activation as the readout. We identified a number of candidate genes potentially important for the cellular response to phosphate. Evaluation of 51 genes in live flies revealed some that affect larval development, adult life span and hemolymph phosphate levels.
Utilisation of Paunch Waste as a Natural Fibre in Biocomposites (2022)

Paunch is a fibrous solid residue consisting of partially digested feed from the stomachs of processed cattle. It is the largest untapped solid waste stream from animals at meat processing plants, and potentially a valuable source of fibres for the production of sustainable and potentially higher-value natural biocomposite materials. Paunch was obtained from the waste effluent of a red meat processing plant, and the fibre characteristics of the as-obtained material were studied and benchmarked against wood flour and ground buffel grass, with a view to evaluating the potential of paunch as a fibre for polymer composites. The ground paunch possessed a rough fibrous surface and fibre-like characteristics that were comparable to both wood flour and ground buffel grass, demonstrating their potential for use in composites. Without any pre-treatment or compatibilisation, composites of a representative biopolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and ground paunch were successfully produced for the first time via extrusion, with up to 50 wt% paunch content. Mechanical property analysis showed that, at 30 wt% content, PHBV/ground paunch composites yielded mechanical properties that were comparable to those of composites with ground buffel grass.
Smarter Modeling to Enable a Smarter Insulin (2020)

> I dream things that never were, and I say “Why not?”
> 
> —George Bernard Shaw

Pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin to maintain physiological health. While the glucose level is the principle driver of insulin secretion, β-cells also respond to other regulatory inputs including circulating metabolites (most notably amino acids), regulatory hormones, gut peptides, and neurotransmitters. Insulin secretion increases when glucose levels are high, thereby increasing total body glucose utilization and suppressing endogenous glucose production. Of critical importance, insulin secretion is suppressed when glucose levels are low, which protects against life-threatening hypoglycemia.

There have been remarkable advances to enhance efficacy and safety of insulin therapy since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago. Insulin pharmacokinetics has been optimized through both formulation and modification of the peptide itself. Sophisticated mechanical devices can provide continuous insulin delivery and continuous glucose monitoring. Pancreatic islets can be transplanted, and bihormonal pumps more closely mimic normal physiology. Despite technological advances, most insulin-dependent patients do not achieve physiological glucose control. The risk of severe hypoglycemia is particularly troublesome because it limits the ability to safely achieve optimal glycemic control, which in turn makes it harder to protect against the long-term risk of microvascular complications (1,2). To underscore this point, half of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort experienced severe hypoglycemia (∼40 episodes per 100 patient-years) (3). Furthermore, self-reported severe hypoglycemia is associated with 3.4-fold increased risk of death during a 5-year follow-up period (4).

The pursuit of a glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) therapy is an ambitious technical objective. In type 2 diabetes, incretin therapy enhances insulin secretion when glucose levels are high but does not cause hypoglycemia because it does not promote insulin secretion when glucose levels are low. Similarly, GRI technology aims to mimic the ability of β-cells …
Reduced Lateral Confinement and Its Effect on Stability in Patterned Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes (2017)

The stability of strong polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) was studied in bulk and in patterned structures. Thick PEBs of poly([(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) with thicknesses >100 nm were synthesized using single electron transfer living radical polymerization. Brush patterning was identified using deep-ultraviolet photolithography by means of either a top-down (TD) or bottom-up (BU) method, with features as small as 200 nm. The brushes were soaked in water under a range of pH or temperature conditions, and the hydrolysis was monitored through dry-state ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy measurements. BU patterns showed reduced degrafting for smaller patterns, which was attributed to increased stress relaxation at such dimensions. In contrast to the already relaxed BU-patterned brush, a TD-patterned brush possesses perpendicular structures that result from the use of orthogonal lithography. It was found that the TD process induces cross-linking on the sidewall, which subsequently fortifies the sidewall materials. This modification of the polymer brushes hindered the stress relaxation of the patterns, and the degrafting trends became irrelevant to the pattern sizes. With proper tuning, the cross-linking on the sidewall was minimized and the degrafting trends were again relaxation-dependent.