gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of an Aerosol Generation and Supplying System for Inhalation Experiments of Manufactured Nanoparticles (2009)

Risk assessment of nanoparticles by inhalation experiments is of great importance since inhalation is considered the most significant route of exposure to nanoparticles suspended in air. However, there have been few inhalation experiments using manufactured nanoparticles, mainly because of the difficulty in stably dispersing the nanoparticles in air for a long period of time. In this study, we report for the first time the development of a rational system for stably and continuously dispersing and supplying manufactured nanoparticles for inhalation experiments. The system was developed using a spray-drying technique, in which a nebulizer was used to atomize nickel oxide (NiO) and fullerene (C60) nanoparticle suspensions, and the resulting droplets were dried to generate aerosol nanoparticles. The size, concentration and morphology of the aerosol particles were evaluated by in-line measurements using an aerosol measuring device and off-line measurements based on the collection of the aerosol particles. After examining the effects of the conditions for the suspensions and the aerosol generation, we were able to obtain NiO and C60 aerosol nanoparticles with average diameters of 53-64 and 88-98 nm, respectively. By feeding these aerosols into a whole-body exposure chamber for rats, a stable supply of the aerosol nanoparticles could be achieved for long hourly durations (6 h per day) as well as for long terms (5 days per week for 4 weeks).
Investigation of spectral impacts on the performance of a concentration device using a Fresnel lens combined with a double junction cell (2014)

This experimental study was carried out within the context of high concentration photovoltaics. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation relating to the quantification of the impacts of the chromatic effect on the performance of a double junction GaInP/GaAs solar cell. Chromatic effects are the result of material dispersion caused by the refractive optics component. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the spectral modification of the incident beam on the whole solar concentrator system performance. Such considerations are fundamental in producing a highly accurate design, with which to achieve the best possible system performance. Efficiency is evaluated within the vicinity of the focus of a Fresnel lens designed for concentration. On the optical axis, rays with different wavelengths are not focalized at the same points. The spectral content of the beam depends, therefore, upon the position of the cell along the optical axis. It is assumed that spectral content modification may have an impact on cell performance and, as a consequence, on system efficiency as a whole. Efficiency of the optical Fresnel lens and of the cell were evaluated in relation to spectral content modification.
Chemoresistant Leukemia-Initiating Cell Expansion Is Inhibited By Targeting Oncogenic Self-Renewal (2015)

Abstract Leukemia is often maintained by a relatively rare subset of tumor-initiating cells, which may be resistant to traditional chemotherapy. Targeting these leukemic stem cells is expected to eliminate or reduce acquired resistance to chemotherapy and disease recurrence, but this goal has been elusive. It's also not clear whether eliminating the 'root' of cancer is sufficient or whether targeting both 'root' and 'branch' (i.e. LSCs and their bulk progeny) is necessary. To test this, we established and characterized a mouse model with clearly defined populations of rare leukemic stem cells (LSCs), abundant leukemic blast cell progeny, and normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). This was achieved by simultaneously activating the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in HSPCs to drive stem cell self-renewal-resulting in successive expansion of HSPCs, LSCs, and leukemic blasts. Functional analysis showed a 1,300-fold increase in leukemia-initiating activity of sorted LSCs compared to bulk blast cells or sorted HSPCs. Since Akt activates β-catenin by phosphorylation at serine 552 and thus represents a molecular link mediating the synergistic, self-renewal promoting activity of these pathways, we sought to specifically target pS552-β-catenin. Unexpectedly, high-throughput screening (HTS) and subsequent validation assays found that doxorubicin (DXR) inhibits pS552-β-catenin with minimal effects on total β-catenin. DXR exhibits the broadest spectrum of anti-cancer activity known and has been employed as a standard chemotherapeutic agent for decades, but severe side-effects limit its use. We found that while standard chemotherapeutic treatment reduced the bulk leukemic blast cells as expected, it also induced pS552-β-catenin uniquely in LSCs and stimulated LSC expansion. Using long-circulating nanoparticles (NanoDXR) to deliver very low, sustained doses of DXR, we repurposed DXR as a targeted therapy for pS552-β-catenin inhibition rather than a broadly cytotoxic agent. In vivo, this treatment reduced pS552-β-catenin levels in LSCs, prevented LSC expansion, essentially eliminated LSC tumorigenic activity in transplant recipients, and was accompanied by recovery of HSPCs and substantially increased median survival from 44.5 days to 139 days. Our data reveals a dynamic relationship between rare LSCs and bulk leukemic blast cells in their response to cytotoxic chemotherapy and show how oncogenic self-renewal in chemoresistant LSCs can be targeted while sparing normal HSPCs. In distinguishing the unique properties of LSCs and their progeny, we find that both populations must be differentially targeted at both the 'root' and 'branch' of leukemia and can be effectively reduced or eliminated while allowing for recovery of normal HSPCs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
New cycloconvertor for power-system high-frequency links (1983)

The recently developed high-frequency link or power-system intertie incorporates two naturally commutated cycloconvertors (NCCs) with a high-frequency passive resonating tank circuit. A new circuit configuration of thy ristors for the NCC has been developed which achieves improved operating characteristics compared to the conventional NCC. The theoretical and practical results of the new NCC show improved output voltage distortion and reduced input reactive loading compared to the standard NCC, both of which are advantageous when used in high-frequency links. Implementation of the new NCC is discussed together with a critical comparison between the two types.
Synthesis of Main‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Polyesters Containing Diphenyl Mesogens by Chemo‐Enzymatic Route (2006)

Main‐chain thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polyesters containing rigid biphenyl mesogens and flexible spacers were synthesized by chemo‐enzymatic route. The enzyme‐catalyzed polymerization showed high regio‐ and chemo‐ selectivity, and is environmentally friendly. The resulting polyesters were characterized with 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light optical microscopy (POM).
Amphiphilic phosphorous dendron micelles co-deliver microRNA inhibitor and doxorubicin for augmented triple negative breast cancer therapy (2022)

Combined chemo/gene therapy of cancer through different action mechanisms has been emerging to enhance the therapeutic efficacy towards cancer, and still remains a challenging task due to the lack of highly effective and biocompatible nanocarriers. In this work, we report a new nanosystem based on amphiphilic phosphorus dendron (1-C12G1) micelles to co-deliver microRNA-21 inhibitor (miR-21i) and doxorubicin (DOX) for combination therapy of triple negative breast cancer. The amphiphilic phosphorus dendron bearing a long linear alkyl chain and ten protonated pyrrolidine surface groups was prepared and was demonstrated to form micelles in water solution and have a hydrodynamic size of 103.2 nm. The micelles are shown to be stable, enable encapsulation of an anticancer drug DOX with optimal loading content (80%) and encapsulation efficiency (98%), and can compress miR-21i to form polyplexes to render it with good stability against degradation. The co-delivery system of 1-C12G1@DOX/miR-21i polyplexes has a pH-dependent DOX release profile, and can be readily phagocytosed by cancer cells to inhibit them due to the different anticancer mechanisms, which was further validated after intravenous injection to treat an orthotopic triple-negative breast tumor model <i>in vivo</i>. With the proven biocompatibility under the studied doses, the developed amphiphilic phosphorus dendron micelles could be developed as an effective nanomedicine formulation for synergistic cancer therapy.
Concentrations of Elements in Hellbender Blood and Fish Fillets from the Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs (2007)

This report presents the results of contaminant monitoring surveys conducted annually by the Missouri Department of Conservation to examine the levels of selected elemental contaminants in hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) blood and fish. Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus, Ictalurus punctatus, Pylodictis olivaris), redhorse (Moxostoma anisorum, Moxostoma erythrurum), bass (Micropterus salmoides, Micropterus punctulatus, Micropterus Lacepede, Ambloplites rupestris), walleye (Sander vitreus), and sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) were collected from 17 sites as part of the Department's General Contaminant Monitoring Program. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and other sunfish (Lepomis megalotis, Lepomis cyanellus) were collected from 18 sites as part of the Department's Resource Assessment and Monitoring Program. Blood from hellbenders was collected from seven sites as part of the Department's Hellbender Monitoring Program.
Challenges to achieving clinical transplantation tolerance (2001)

Transplantation is now firmly established as the therapy of choice for end-stage organ failure. Specific immunological tolerance of transplant recipients toward their foreign organ or tissue grafts is a goal that has been sought by transplant biologists for almost fifty years following the original description of the phenomenon in experimental animals (1). Since that time, a wealth of experimental data has accumulated relating to strategies for extending allograft survival and function. Still, the question remains of how near we are to the day when long-term tolerance of engrafted organs or tissues is a clinical reality.

With the pharmacopoeia of the transplant biologist continually expanding (2), the potential treatment combinations have become baffling and their impact on strategies to induce tolerance ever more complex. The increasing demand for organ transplantation and the imbalance with the supply of donor organs (3) makes it an urgent necessity to optimize the outcome of clinical transplantation. It is therefore timely to reassess where we stand on the road to achieving clinical transplant tolerance, and highlight the challenges that face us, so that we may choose the best direction in which to invest our efforts in basic and clinical research (4).
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Gold Catalysts (2016)

Abstract Review: 364 refs.
Beitrag zur Analytik und Synthese von 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐oxocarotinoiden (1980)

Contribution to the Analytical Separation and the Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐oxocarotenoids (3 RS ,3′ RS )‐Astaxanthin (= 3,3′‐dihydroxy‐β,β‐carotene‐4,4′‐dione, 1:1‐mixture of racemate and meso ‐form; 1 ) can be separated into its optical isomers (3 S ,3′ S )‐ 1a , (3 R ,3′ R )‐ 1b and meso ‐(3 R ,3′ S )‐ 1c via the corresponding diastereomeric di‐(−)‐camphanates. Some aspects of the configurational stability of astaxanthin are discussed. ‐ HPLC. analysis of the (−)‐camphanates of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐oxocarotenoids provides, in suitable cases and supported by spectroscopic data, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of constitution and chirality.
Data from A Phase I Study of Topotecan, Carboplatin and the PARP Inhibitor Veliparib in Acute Leukemias, Aggressive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The PARP inhibitor veliparib delays DNA repair and potentiates cytotoxicity of multiple classes of chemotherapy drugs, including topoisomerase I inhibitors and platinating agents. This study evaluated veliparib incorporation into leukemia induction therapy using a previously described topotecan/carboplatin backbone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Employing a 3+3 trial design, we administered escalating doses of veliparib combined with topotecan + carboplatin in relapsed or refractory acute leukemias, aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 99 patients received veliparib 10–100 mg orally twice daily on days 1–8, 1–14, or 1–21 along with continuous infusion topotecan 1.0–1.2 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/d + carboplatin 120–150 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/d on days 3–7. The MTD was veliparib 80 mg twice daily for up to 21 days with topotecan 1.2 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/d + carboplatin 150 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/d. Mucositis was dose limiting and correlated with high veliparib concentrations. The response rate was 33% overall (33/99: 14 CR, 11 CRi, 8 PR) but was 64% (14/22) for patients with antecedent or associated aggressive MPNs or CMML. Leukemias with baseline DNA repair defects, as evidenced by impaired DNA damage–induced FANCD2 monoubiquitination, had improved survival [HR = 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.92)]. A single 80-mg dose of veliparib, as well as veliparib in combination with topotecan + carboplatin, induced DNA damage as manifested by histone H2AX phosphorylation in CD34&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; leukemia cells, with greater phosphorylation in cells from responders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The veliparib/topotecan/carboplatin combination warrants further investigation, particularly in patients with aggressive MPNs, CMML, and MPN- or CMML-related acute leukemias. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 899–907. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Safety of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients who receive a second radioisotope injection after visualization failure in lymphoscintigraphy (2010)

Additional radiocolloid tracer injection after axillary non-visualization in lymphoscintigraphy is safe and does not increase axillary recurrence risk after tumor-negative SNB. The results suggest that such patients can be safely managed with SNB without a need to perform an ALND.
Supplementary Materials from Genetic Mutation of p53 and Suppression of the miR-17∼92 Cluster Are Synthetic Lethal in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer due to Upregulation of Vitamin D Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials. Supplementary tables, figure legends, figures, materials and methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Organic Polymer Chemistry in the Context of Novel Processes (2016)

This article was written to shed light on a series of what some have stated are not so obvious connections that link polymer synthesis in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> to cancer treatment and vaccines, nonflammable polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries, and 3D printing. In telling this story, we also attempt to show the value of versatility in applying one's primary area of expertise to address pertinent questions in science and in society. In this Outlook, we attempted to identify key factors to enable a versatile and nimble research effort to take shape in an effort to influence diverse fields and have a tangible impact in the private sector through the translation of discoveries into the marketplace.
Multimodal hard X-ray imaging of a mammography phantom at a compact synchrotron light source (2012)

The Compact Light Source is a miniature synchrotron producing X-rays at the interaction point of a counter-propagating laser pulse and electron bunch through the process of inverse Compton scattering. The small transverse size of the luminous region yields a highly coherent beam with an angular divergence of a few milliradians. The intrinsic monochromaticity and coherence of the produced X-rays can be exploited in high-sensitivity differential phase-contrast imaging with a grating-based interferometer. Here, the first multimodal X-ray imaging experiments at the Compact Light Source at a clinically compatible X-ray energy of 21 keV are reported. Dose-compatible measurements of a mammography phantom clearly demonstrate an increase in contrast attainable through differential phase and dark-field imaging over conventional attenuation-based projections.
Diabetic Retinopathy in Southeast Asia:A Call for Ocular Telehealth Programs (2012)

More than half-a-billion individuals are projected to have diabetes by 2030, with the greatest increase in developing nations. Southeast Asian countries comprise a substantial proportion of this population and will need to prepare for both the rise in diabetes cases and the accompanying increase in diabetes related complications, most commonly diabetic retinopathy. Ocular telehealth programs utilizing retinal imaging for diabetic retinopathy have been established as an effective means to prevent visual loss due to diabetic retinal disease across multiple populations and in various settings. An additional value of ocular telehealth programs is their ability to integrate a multidisciplinary approach to diabetes eye care that incorporates patient education and fosters collaboration among multiple specialties. A program that provides a systematic and organized approach in delivering diabetes eye care is critically needed to successfully address this critical emerging health issue in this region of the world.
Group Event Detection With a Varying Number of Group Members for Video Surveillance (2010)

This paper presents a novel approach for automatic recognition of group activities for video surveillance applications. We propose to use a group representative to handle the recognition with a varying number of group members, and use an asynchronous hidden Markov model (AHMM) to model the relationship between people. Furthermore, we propose a group activity detection algorithm which can handle both symmetric and asymmetric group activities, and demonstrate that this approach enables the detection of hierarchical interactions between people. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach.
Design of high capacity 3D print codes aiming for robustness to the PS channel and external distortions (2009)

The process of adding high-density information onto printed material enables and improves interesting hardcopy document applications, such as: security, authentication, physical-electronic round tripping, item-level tagging as well as consumer/product interaction. This investigation on robust and high capacity print codes aims to maximize information payload in a given printed page area, subject to robustness to distortions originated by printing and scanning processes and also to degradations introduced by user manipulation of printed documents. The novel approach includes statistical print-and-scan channel characterization, designing of robust segmentation, unsupervised Bayesian color classification with expectation-maximization algorithm for parameters estimation of a mixture of Gaussians model and design of error correction codes. Results illustrate the performance evaluated under real channel and distortions conditions. High payload is achieved with sufficient robustness to distortions resulting of regular office hardcopy document handling: print-and-scan channel and user manipulation.
UT-MUC-1, a New Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Cell Line, and Its Radiosensitivity (1992)

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a fairly common malignant disease of the salivary glands. It is usually composed of two cell types, mucus-producing mucous cells and cells that have squamous differentiation with or without keratinization. The treatment of choice is considered to be radical surgical removal of the tumor. Radiotherapy has been recommended for high-grade or advanced tumors. Information on the radiosensitivity of mucoepidermoid cancer is scant, but based on clinical experience, the cancer appears to be only moderately radiosensitive. UT-MUC-1 is a newly established cell line from a poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The cell line is diploid, but with complex karyotype abnormalities, giving a similar DNA index when measured with flow cytometry as that from the original tumor, and produces a tumor with characteristics typical for mucoepidermoid cancer when heterotransplanted to nude mice. The cell line is radiation resistant, with an area under the curve of 2.30 + 0.21 Gy when measured with a 96-well plate clonogenic assay. This correlates with the clinical outcome of the patient and the clinical experience of the radiosensitivity of this tumor type.
Technical note: Temperature and concentration dependence of water diffusion in polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions (2022)

The study provides ground-truth ADC values for K40 PVP solutions commonly used in diffusion phantoms for scanning at ambient room temperature. The described procedures and the reported calibration can be used for quality control and standardization of measured ADC values of PVP at different concentrations and temperatures.
A reconstruction-independent method for computerized mass detection in digital tomosynthesis images of the breast (2004)

We developed a two-stage computerized mass detection algorithm for digital tomosynthesis images of the breast. Rather than analyze the reconstructed 3D breast volume, our algorithm operates on each of the 2D projection images directly. We chose this approach because reconstruction algorithms for breast tomosynthesis are still being optimized, which can alter the appearance of the 3D reconstructed breast volume. Furthermore this approach allows us to take advantage of mass detection methods already developed for conventional two-view projection mammography, which are similar to projection images for digital tomosynthesis. We applied our algorithm to two tomosynthesis image sets, one of which was a computer simulated 3D breast phantom, and one was a clinical image set. In both cases, the lesion was detected in the first stage of the algorithm, while the second stage of the algorithm efficiently reduced false positive detections.
Ventricular evoked response measurements from pacing electrodes (2002)

This work presents the results of a study using ventricular electrogram signals to identify the heart's evoked response following an electrical stimulus from a pacing electrode. Acute data were collected in vivo from seven human subjects and analyzed offline. The ability to recognize the evoked response following the pacing pulse was characterized as a function of the parameters of the pacing pulse. Although the characteristics of the evoked response were dependent on the patient, inter-patient data became consistent when the time derivative of the electrocardiogram was considered.