gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feedback-Based Self-Learning in Large-Scale Conversational AI Agents (2022)

Today, most of the large-scale conversational AI agents such as Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant are built using manually annotated data to train the different components of the system including automatic speech recognition (ASR), natural language understanding (NLU), and entity resolution (ER). Typically, the accuracy of the machine learning models in these components are improved by manually transcribing and annotating data. As the scope of these systems increase to cover more scenarios and domains, manual annotation to improve the accuracy of these components becomes prohibitively costly and time con-suming. In this paper, we propose a system that leverages customer/system interaction feedback signals to automate learning without any manual annotation. Users of these systems tend to modify a previous query in hopes of fixing an error in the previous turn to get the right results. These reformulations, which are often preceded by defective experiences caused by either errors in ASR, NLU, ER, or the application. In some cases, users may not properly formulate their requests (e.g., providing partial title of a song), but gleaning across a wider pool of users and sessions reveals the underlying recurrent patterns. Our proposed self-learning system automatically detects the errors, generates reformulations, and deploys fixes to the runtime system to correct different types of errors occurring in different components of the system. In particular, we propose leveraging an absorbing Markov Chain model as a collaborative filtering mechanism in a novel attempt to mine these patterns, and coupling it with a guardrail rewrite selection mechanism that reactively evaluates these fixes using feedback friction data. We show that our approach is highly scalable, and able to learn reformulations that reduce Alexa-user errors by pooling anonymized data across millions of customers. The proposed self-learning system achieves a win-loss ratio of 11.8 and effectively reduces the defect rate by more than 30 percent on utterance level reformulations in our production A/B tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first self-learning large-scale conversational AI system in production.
Optically monitored catalytic photonic crystal fibre microreactor (2013)

Here we show that by depositing metallic catalyst nanoparticles in the core of the fibre, we can turn the HC-PCF into a catalytically active microreactor. As a proof-of-principle experiment, we investigated the well-known catalytic hydrogenation of azobenzene in a kagomé HC-PCF, whose core wall has been decorated with rhodium (Rh) catalyst nanoparticles. The reaction was monitored online by in-fibre absorption spectroscopy.
Data engineering issues in e-commerce and services (2007)

In this paper, we summarize the presentations and discussions of the 3rd International Workshop on Data Engineering Issues in E-Commerce and Services (DEECS 2007), which was held in conjunction with the 8th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC'07) on June 12, 2007, in San Diego, California.
Application of hybrid sphere/carbon nanotube particles in nanofluids (2007)

Previous studies on nanofluids have focused on spherical or long-fibre particles. In this work, a new type of complex nanoparticle—a hybrid sphere/carbon nanotube(CNT) particle, consisting of numerous CNTs attached to an alumina/iron oxide sphere—is proposed for applications in nanofluids. In such hybrid nanoparticles, heat is expected to transport rapidly from one CNT to another through the centre sphere and thus leading to less thermal contact resistance between CNTs when compared to simple CNTs dispersed in fluids. CNTs have an extremely high thermal conductivity, but thermal resistance between the CNTs and the fluid has limited their performance in nanofluids. The proposed hybrid sphere/CNT particles are synthesized by spray pyrolysis followed by catalytic growth of CNTs. The spheres are about 70 nm in diameter on average, and the attached CNTs have a length up to 2 µm. These hybrid nanoparticles are dispersed to poly-alpha-olefin with sonication and a small amount of surfactants to form stable nanofluids. The thermal conductivity of the fluids has been measured by a 3ω-wire method over a temperature range 10–90 °C. The results indicate that the effective thermal conductivity of the fluids is increased by about 21% at room temperature for particle volume fractions of 0.2%.
Investigation of Oxidative Stress Defenses of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Using a Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Survival Assay (2005)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has well-characterized oxidative stress defense systems that protect against oxidative killing in in vitro assays. In contrast, mutant strains of N. gonorrhoeae lacking oxidative stress defenses are identical to the wild type when tested in an ex vivo survival assay using human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Preparation and Properties of Antibodies against Indoleacetic Acid (IAA)-C5-BSA, a Novel Ring-Coupled IAA Antigen, as Compared to Two Other Types of IAA-Specific Antibodies (1989)

Two types of indoleacetic acid (IAA) antigens have been described in the literature which show marked differences with respect to antibody specificity. In this communication an alternative antigen design is described. In the so-called IAA-C5-BSA conjugate, both the acetic acid group and the pyrrole moiety are presented free, as the covalent linkage between IAA and the carrier molecule is introduced in the benzene moiety. Antibodies were elicited in rabbits against this novel antigen. Using cross-reactivity data and the strategy of successive approximation for the measurements of auxin levels in the internodes of light-grown broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv Superfine), the three types of antibodies are compared.
Performance of a 512x3 Pixel Microbolometer Detector for Space Imaging Applications (2006)

A 512/spl times/3 pixel microbolometer detector array has been developed for space imaging applications. Each pixel includes thermally sensitive and reference microbolometer detectors fabricated by surface micromachining and arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. The detector array is sensitive to thermal infrared radiation and early characterisation shows good uniformity of response between the three lines and among pixels in a given line. The pixel bridge configuration reduces the impact of die temperature drift on pixel output to approximately 40 /spl mu/V/K, a three hundred fold improvement over a single microbolometer detector.
Accelerating Surgical Robotics Research: A Review of 10 Years With the da Vinci Research Kit (2021)

Robotic-assisted surgery is now well-established in clinical practice and has become the gold standard clinical treatment option for several clinical indications. The field of robotic-assisted surgery is expected to grow substantially in the next decade with a range of new robotic devices emerging to address unmet clinical needs across different specialities. A vibrant surgical robotics research community is pivotal for conceptualizing such new systems as well as for developing and training the engineers and scientists to translate them into practice. The da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK), an academic and industry collaborative effort to re-purpose decommissioned da Vinci surgical systems (Intuitive Surgical Inc, CA, USA) as a research platform for surgical robotics research, has been a key initiative for addressing a barrier to entry for new research groups in surgical robotics. In this paper, we present an extensive review of the publications that have been facilitated by the dVRK over the past decade. We classify research efforts into different categories and outline some of the major challenges and needs for the robotics community to maintain this initiative and build upon it.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Chlorides at Atmospheric Pressure: The Dual Role of Sodium Phenoxide (2007)

No pressure, no worries: A general, functional-group-tolerant, mild system for the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl chlorides to the corresponding amides has been developed. The catalyst operates at 1 atm CO using an inexpensive, air-stable, and commercially available ligand (see scheme, Cy=cyclohexyl). Sodium phenoxide is a critical additive in this transformation; its role has been studied using in situ IR spectroscopy.
Absence of 13C incorporation in 13CCl4-doped InP grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1990)

Intentional carbon doping of low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown InP has been attempted with a 500 ppm mixture of 13CCl4 in high-purity H2, which has been used to obtain carbon-acceptor concentrations as high as 1×1019 cm−3 in GaAs. Under growth conditions similar to those used for heavy carbon incorporation in GaAs, injection of 13CCl4 into the growth reactor during growth of InP did not produce any measurable change in the carrier concentration of the InP epitaxial layers or any change in the 13C concentration above the 13C background in secondary-ion mass spectroscopy analysis. These results support previous low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of high-purity InP in which no residual carbon acceptor is observed under many growth techniques and growth conditions, and hence support the hypothesis that carbon is not incorporated in InP grown by MOCVD.
Supplemental Methods from Single and Dual Targeting of Mutant EGFR with an Allosteric Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental methods for structural modeling of inhibitor binding, pharmacokinetic assays, in vivo studies, crosslinking and biotinylated drug pull-down assays.&lt;/p&gt;
Fenestration in Endovascular Grafts for Aortic Aneurysm Repair: New Horizons for Preserving Blood Flow in Branch Vessels (2001)

Accurate placement of a fenestration over the orifice of a target vessel is feasible, but long-term maintenance of position is dependent on secure graft fixation. This capability brings us a step closer to overcoming the problem of inadequate necks in infra-renal AAAs, especially when the neck is foreshortened by asymmetry of the renal origins. It may also pave the way for the eventual replacement of the entire aorta with an endoluminal graft.
IntAct: A 96-Core Processor With Six Chiplets 3D-Stacked on an Active Interposer With Distributed Interconnects and Integrated Power Management (2020)

In the context of high-performance computing, the integration of more computing capabilities with generic cores or dedicated accelerators for artificial intelligence (AI) application is raising more and more challenges. Due to the increasing costs of advanced nodes and the difficulties of shrinking analog and circuit input output signals (IOs), alternative architecture solutions to single die are becoming mainstream. Chiplet-based systems using 3D technologies enable modular and scalable architecture and technology partitioning. Nevertheless, there are still limitations due to chiplet integration on passive interposers-silicon or organic. In this article we present the first CMOS active interposer, integrating: 1) power management without any external components; 2) distributed interconnects enabling any chiplet-to-chiplet communication; and 3) system infrastructure, design-for-test, and circuit IOs. The IntAct circuit prototype integrates six chiplets in FDSOI 28-nm technology, which are 3D-stacked onto this active interposer in 65-nm process, offering a total of 96 computing cores. Full scalability of the computing system is achieved using an innovative scalable cache-coherent memory hierarchy, enabled by distributed network-on-chips, with 3-Tbit/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> high bandwidth 3D-plug interfaces using 20-μm pitch micro-bumps, 0.6-ns/mm low latency asynchronous interconnects, while the six chiplets are locally power-supplied with 156-mW/mm2 at 82%-peak-efficiency dc-dc converters through the active interposer. Thermal dissipation is studied showing the feasibility of such approach.
Signal enhancement in protein NMR using the spin-noise tuning optimum (2010)

We have assessed the potential of an alternative probe tuning strategy based on the spin-noise response for application in common high-resolution multi-dimensional biomolecular NMR experiments with water signal suppression on aqueous and salty samples. The method requires the adjustment of the optimal tuning condition, which may be offset by several 100 kHz from the conventional tuning settings using the noise response of the water protons as an indicator. Although the radio frequency-pulse durations are typically longer under such conditions, signal-to-noise gains of up to 22% were achieved. At salt concentrations up to 100 mM a substantial sensitivity gain was observed.
Two-dimensional images of CF/sub 2/ density in CF/sub 4//Ar plasmas by laser-induced fluorescence in a GEC RF reference cell (1996)

Spatially resolved two-dimensional (2-D) maps of the relative CF/sub 2/ density in low-pressure CF/sub 4//Ar RF discharges, generated within a parallel-plate gaseous electronics conference (GEC) reference reactor, have been obtained using planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging (PLIF). The results illustrate the changes in CF/sub 2/ density and distribution in the central plane of the discharge region as flowrate is varied over 10-100 sccm at constant power and pressure, and as pressure is varied over 13.3-133.3 Pa at constant flowrate and power.
Ultra-Sensitive Thermo-Plasmonic Oscillations in Topologically-Defected Nano-Cylinders: Merging Photons and Electrons for Miniaturization of Fluidic Sensors (2007)

Using an accurate analysis based on the discrete-dipole-approximation, we show that the enhanced tuning of the localized plasmonic resonances in corrugated nano-cylinders can form the basis for the miniaturization of future nano-fluidic sensing systems.
55.1: 12.1‐inch a‐Si:H TFT LCD with Embedded Touch Screen Panel (2008)

Abstract A touch screen panel (TSP) embedded 12.1‐inch LCD employing a standard a‐Si:H TFT‐LCD process has been successfully developed. Compared with conventional touch screen panels, which use additional components to detect touch events, the new TSP exhibits a clearer image and improved touch feeling, as well as enabling the LCD module to provide the sensing data through the driver ICs with an integrated readout function. Our new internal digital switching TSP can be fabricated with low cost because it does not require any additional components compared to a standard a‐S:H TFT LCD.
Chemokine-Induced Secretion of Gelatinase B in Primary Human Monocytes (2001)

Chemokines help control normal leukocyte trafficking as well as their infiltration into tissues during acute and chronic inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) help support the extravasation and infiltration of leukocytes through limited proteolysis of basement membranes and matrix material. The effect of the chemokines RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL and SDF-1/CXCL12 on secretion of the matrix metalloproteinase B and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 was studied. RANTES/CCL5 and SDF-1/CXCL12 were found to induce MMP-9 secretion in primary human monocytes while TIMP-1 secretion was not affected. RANTES/CCL5 effects were mediated through CCR1 because the CCR1 antagonist BX471 was found to effectively block RANTES/CCL5-induced MMP-9 secretion.
Wireless graphene-based thermal patch for obtaining temperature distribution and performing thermography (2022)

Thermal imaging provides information regarding the general condition of the human body and facilitates the diagnosis of various diseases. Heat therapy or thermotherapy can help in the treatment of injuries to the skin tissue. Here, we report a wearable thermal patch with dual functions of continuous skin temperature sensing and thermotherapy for effective self-care treatment. This system consists of a graphene-based capacitive sensor, a graphene thermal pad, and a flexible readout board with a wireless communication module. The wearable sensor continuously monitors the temperature variation over a large area of the skin (3 × 3cm<sup>2</sup>) with high resolution and sensitivity and performs thermotherapy via the graphene-based heater mounted at the bottom of the device. Animal studies prove that the proposed system can be used to diagnose various diseases. This technology could be useful in the development of convenient and wearable health care devices.
DPC4 Gene Status of the Primary Carcinoma Correlates With Patterns of Failure in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer (2009)

Pancreatic cancers are represented by distinct genetic subtypes with significantly different patterns of failure. Determinations of DPC4 status at initial diagnosis may be of value in stratifying patients into treatment regimens related to local control versus systemic therapy.
One-Stage Tissue Engineering of Bladder Wall Patches for an Easy-To-Use Approach at the Surgical Table (2013)

We present a method for producing a cell-scaffold hybrid construct at the bedside. The construct is composed of plastic-compressed collagen together with a poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)-knitted mesh that yields an integrated, natural-synthetic scaffold. This construct was evaluated by seeding of minced bladder mucosa, followed by proliferation in vitro. High mechanical strength in combination with a biological environment suitable for tissue growth was achieved through the creation of a hybrid construct that showed an increased tensile strength (17.9 ± 2.6 MPa) when compared to plastic-compressed collagen (0.6 ± 0.12 MPa). Intimate contact between the collagen and the PCL fabric was required to ensure integrity without delamination of the construct. This contact was achieved by surface alkaline hydrolysis of the PCL, followed by adsorption of poly(vinyl) alcohol. The improvement in hydrophilicity of the PCL-knitted mesh was confirmed through water contact angle measurements, and penetration of the collagen into the mesh was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particles of minced bladder mucosa tissue were seeded onto this scaffold, and the proliferation was followed for 6 weeks in vitro. Results obtained from phase contrast microscopy, SEM, and histological staining indicated that cells migrated from the minced tissue particles and reorganized on the scaffold. Cells were viable and proliferative, with morphological features characteristic of urothelial cells. Proliferation reached the point at which a multilayer with a resemblance to stratified urothelium was achieved. This successful method could potentially be used for in vivo applications in reconstructive urology as an engineered autologous tissue transplant without the requirement for in vitro culture before transplantation.
Kinetic Modeling of Dissolution and Crystallization of Slurries with Attenuated Total Reflectance UV–Visible Absorbance and Near-Infrared Reflectance Measurements (2013)

Slurries are often used in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes but present challenging online measurement and monitoring problems. In this paper, a novel multivariate kinetic modeling application is described that provides calibration-free estimates of time-resolved profiles of the solid and dissolved fractions of a substance in a model slurry system. The kinetic model of this system achieved data fusion of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements from two different kinds of fiber-optic probes. Attenuated total reflectance UV-vis (ATR UV-vis) and diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectra were measured simultaneously in a small-scale semibatch reactor. A simplified comprehensive kinetic model was then fitted to the time-resolved spectroscopic data to determine the kinetics of crystallization and the kinetics of dissolution for online monitoring and quality control purposes. The parameters estimated in the model included dissolution and crystal growth rate constants, as well as the dissolution rate order. The model accurately estimated the degree of supersaturation as a function of time during conditions when crystallization took place and accurately estimated the degree of undersaturation during conditions when dissolution took place.
Valvular Density Alone Cannot Account for Sites of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Ulceration in the Lower Extremity (2001)

Objective: Class 6 chronic venous stasis is associated with abnormal venous hemodynamics and ulceration. Ulcers primarily occur over bones and tendon prominences but very rarely over muscular compartments. We hypothesized that the anatomical distribution of venous stasis ulcers in the lower extremity is related to a lower density of venous valves. Methods: The venous vasculature of six normal human legs was cast with resin, and their microvenous valvular anatomy was examined. Skin samples were obtained from the skin overlying the 1) Achilles' tendon, 2) anterior tibia, 3) medial malleolus, 4) lateral malleolus, 5) dorsal surface of the foot, 6) planta pedis, 7) dorsal aspect of the great toe; and from the skin regions overlying the 8) gastrocnemius, 9) tibialis anterior, and 10) peroneus muscles. The valvular and venous densities were determined in a scanning electron microscope, normalized to the size of specimens, and the valvular index was calculated. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni t-test was used to compare the valvular index between the regions. Results: Venous valves were observed in all tissue regions. The diameter of veins with valves ranged from 18 µm to 803 µm. The valvular index for regions overlying bones/tendons (i.e., regions 1–7) was significantly higher versus those overlying muscular regions (i.e., regions 8–10) (p < 0.05). The valvular index was not different (p = 0.51) when regions 1 and 2 (where ulcers almost never occur) were compared to regions 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 (where ulcers frequently occur); nor were there differences between the vascular indexes of regions overlying muscle. The largest venous valves were observed in the plantar region, and the smallest-sized ones were present in the peroneal region. Conclusions: This study shows that the density of venous valves is actually higher in regions of the human lower extremity overlying bones and tendons, where venous stasis ulcers are common, than those overlying muscular areas, where ulcers are rarely seen. Thus, valvular quantity alone cannot account for the higher clinical incidence of ulceration. It is likely that muscular pumping and/or valvular quality are important factors in preventing the development of venous stasis and ulceration in the lower extremity.
Resource Efficient Prefetching for Multicores (2015)

This study showed that symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with CRDs were significantly related to lower exercise tolerance levels and higher levels of disease impact. People with increased levels of anxiety and depression have the potential to significantly improve disease impact outcomes post-PR. The results demonstrated that the detection and treatment of anxiety and depression symptoms in people with CRDs are likely to be clinically important.