gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layered microporous polymers by solvent knitting method (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, especially 2D organic nanomaterials with unprecedentedly diverse and controlled structure, have attracted decent scientific interest. Among the preparation strategies, the top-down approach is one of the considered low-cost and scalable strategies to obtain 2D organic nanomaterials. However, some factors of their layered counterparts limited the development and potential applications of 2D organic nanomaterials, such as type, stability, and strict synthetic conditions of layered counterparts. We report a class of layered solvent knitting hyper-cross-linked microporous polymers (SHCPs) prepared by improving Friedel-Crafts reaction and using dichloroalkane as an economical solvent, stable electrophilic reagent, and external cross-linker at low temperature, which could be used as layered counterparts to obtain previously unknown 2D SHCP nanosheets by method of ultrasonic-assisted solvent exfoliation. This efficient and low-cost strategy can produce previously unreported microporous organic polymers with layered structure and high surface area and gas storage capacity. The pore structure and surface area of these polymers can be controlled by tuning the chain length of the solvent, the molar ratio of AlCl<sub>3</sub>, and the size of monomers. Furthermore, we successfully obtain an unprecedentedly high-surface area HCP material (3002 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), which shows decent gas storage capacity (4.82 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 273 K and 1.00 bar for CO<sub>2</sub>; 12.40 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 77.3 K and 1.13 bar for H<sub>2</sub>). This finding provides an opportunity for breaking the constraint of former knitting methods and opening up avenues for the design and synthesis of previously unknown layered HCP materials.
Coupled Degenerate Parametric Oscillators Towards Photonic Coherent Ising Machine (2019)

We demonstrate on-chip coupling between degenerate parametric oscillators (OPO's) in two different silicon nitride microresonators. The system offers potential towards creating a network of OPO's for the realization of a photonic coherent Ising machine. © 2019 The Author(s)
Novel Genetic Loci Associated With Retinal Microvascular Diameter (2015)

Our study expands the understanding of genetic factors influencing the size of the retinal microvasculature. These findings may also provide insight into the relationship between retinal and systemic microvascular disease.
Customizing Multifunctional Neural Interfaces through Thermal Drawing Process (2021)

Abstract Fiber drawing enables scalable fabrication of multifunctional flexible fibers that integrate electrical, optical and microfluidic modalities to record and modulate neural activity. Constraints on thermomechanical properties of materials, however, have prevented integrated drawing of metal electrodes with low-loss polymer waveguides for concurrent electrical recording and optical neuromodulation. Here we introduce two fabrication approaches: (1) an iterative thermal drawing with a soft, low melting temperature (T m ) metal indium, and (2) a metal convergence drawing with traditionally non-drawable high T m metal tungsten. Both approaches deliver multifunctional flexible neural interfaces with low-impedance metallic electrodes and low-loss waveguides, capable of recording optically-evoked and spontaneous neural activity in mice over several weeks. We couple these fibers with a light-weight mechanical microdrive (1g) that enables depth-specific interrogation of neural circuits in mice following chronic implantation. Finally, we demonstrate the compatibility of these fibers with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and apply them to visualize the delivery of chemical payloads through the integrated channels in real time. Together, these advances expand the domains of application of the fiber-based neural probes in neuroscience and neuroengineering.
Mechanisms of Structure Direction in the Synthesis of Pure-Silica Zeolites. 1. Synthesis of TPA/Si-ZSM-5 (1995)

The role of tetrapropylammonium (TPA) as a structure-directing agent in the sodium-free synthesis of pure-silica ZSM-5 (Si-ZSM-5) is investigated by solid-state ^1H-^(29)Si CP MAS NMR. It has previously been proposed that the mechanism of structure direction in a sodium-containing system involves preorganization of silicate species around the TPA ions with subsequent assembly of these inorganic-organic composite structures to yield crystalline Si-ZSM-5 with occluded TPA molecules.l ^1H-^(29)Si CP MAS NMR results indicate that short-range intermolecular interactions, i.e., on the order of van der Waals contact distances, are established during heating of the zeolite synthesis gel prior to the development of long-range order indicative of the ZSM-5 structure. These interactions are independent of the presence of sodium in the gel or the silica source used. An attempt to isolate the composite species by trimethylsilylation of the synthesis mixture was partially successful. These results provide additional evidence for the existence of preorganized, inorganic-organic composite structures during the synthesis of Si-ZSM-5. A modified mechanism of structure direction and crystal growth of Si-ZSM-5 is proposed.
Automatic tuning technique for low speed position sensorless method based on block commutation drive (2015)

A block commutation based position sensorless method for the low speed regions has previously been reported [8-10]. This method introduces "Induced Voltage caused by Magnetic Saturation (IVMS)". The IVMS is detected in the open phase of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) driven by the block commutation. The commutating phases in this method are switched in accordance with the detected IVMS in the open phase. The detected IVMS is compared with the threshold voltage that was adjusted in advance. When the IVMS corresponds to the threshold voltage, the commutating phase is switched to the next phase. Therefore, the threshold voltages for the IVMS need to be correctly adjusted. However, several factors are involved in changing the threshold voltages, such as the motor characteristics, carrier frequency, and detection circuit. An automatic tuning technique for the threshold voltages of the IVMS-based position sensorless method is proposed in this paper. The principle for it and the experimental results are also presented.
The Prox1–Vegfr3 feedback loop maintains the identity and the number of lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (2014)

The mammalian lymphatic vasculature is important for returning fluids from the extracellular tissue milieu back to the blood circulation. We showed previously that Prox1 dosage is important for the development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature. The lack of Prox1 activity results in the complete absence of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In Prox1 heterozygous embryos, the number of LECs is reduced because of a decrease in the progenitor pool in the cardinal vein. This reduction is caused by some progenitor cells being unable to maintain Prox1 expression. In this study, we identified Vegfr3, the cognate receptor of the lymphangiogenic growth factor Vegfc, as a dosage-dependent, direct in vivo target of Prox1. Using various mouse models, we also determined that Vegfr3 regulates Prox1 by establishing a feedback loop necessary to maintain the identity of LEC progenitors and that Vegfc-mediated activation of Vegfr3 signaling is necessary to maintain Prox1 expression in LEC progenitors. We propose that this feedback loop is the main sensing mechanism controlling the number of LEC progenitors and, as a consequence, the number of budding LECs that will form the embryonic lymphatic vasculature.
Quantitative Assessment of Nanoparticle Biodistribution by Fluorescence Imaging, Revisited (2018)

Fluorescence-based whole-body imaging is widely used in the evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) in small animals, often combined with quantitative analysis to indicate their spatiotemporal distribution following systemic administration. An underlying assumption is that the fluorescence label represents NPs and the intensity increases with the amount of NPs and/or the labeling dyes accumulated in the region of interest. We prepare DiR-loaded poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs with different surface layers (polyethylene glycol with and without folate terminus) and compare the distribution of fluorescence signals in a mouse model of folate-receptor-expressing tumors by near-infrared fluorescence whole-body imaging. Unexpectedly, we observe that fluorescence distribution patterns differ far more dramatically with DiR loading than with the surface ligand, reaching opposite conclusions with the same type of NPs (tumor-specific delivery vs predominant liver accumulation). Analysis of DiR-loaded PLGA NPs reveals that fluorescence quenching, dequenching, and signal saturation, which occur with the increasing dye content and local NP concentration, are responsible for the conflicting interpretations. This study highlights the critical need for validating fluorescence labeling of NPs in the quantitative analysis of whole-body imaging. In light of our observation, we make suggestions for future whole-body fluorescence imaging in the in vivo evaluation of NP behaviors.
Integrated semiconductor optoelectronic devices for real-time and indicator-free detection of aqueous nitric oxide (2011)

Sensing films specific to nitric oxide and zinc were fabricated by embedding respectively indicator 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone (DAQ) and 11,16-Bis(phenyl)-6,6,21,21-tetramethyl-m-benzi-6,21-porphodimethene (BPDM-H) in hydrogel host poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The sensing film contains DAQ, which responses to nitric oxide, shows stability in acid environment. The sensing film contains BPDM-H responses to zinc. The electrospinning technique was also utilized to fabricate the fibrous film.
Supplemental Figure 4 from BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Enhance Efficacy and Disrupt Resistance to AR Antagonists in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AR- and ERG-positive PDX model displays sensitivity to JQ1.&lt;/p&gt;
Size‐adaptable “Trellis” structure for tailored MRI coil arrays (2018)

The trellis coil concept enables an array of surface coils to expand and contract with negligible effect on tuning, matching, and decoupling. This allows an encircling array to conform closely to anatomy of various sizes, which provides significant gains in signal-to-noise ratio.
Requirements-Based Testing in Aircraft Control Design (2005)

To be competitive, Model-Based Design can be applied to help bring down the cost of system design and faster time to market. Model-based approaches are especially effective in the design stages and are increasingly tied in with the requirements capture and code generation and testing phases. The infrastructure for this allows linking requirements to parts of the system model as well as automatically generating references to the original requirements in the code. In addition, test vectors that are derived from the requirements are part of the system model and can be linked to the requirements they represent. This paper describes how this infrastructure can be combined with coverage analyses for model verification and validation to aid in making requirements consistent and unambiguous, while ensuring the set of test vectors is complete and the design minimal (i.e., no superfluous elements exist).
Multicellular tumor spheroids: a relevant 3D model for the in vitro preclinical investigation of polymer nanomedicines (2017)

Application of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids to the investigation of polymer nanomedicines.
Adaptive delivery of continuous and delayed feedback deep brain stimulation - a computational study (2019)

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a closed-loop method, where high-frequency DBS is turned on and off according to a feedback signal, whereas conventional high-frequency DBS (cDBS) is delivered permanently. Using a computational model of subthalamic nucleus and external globus pallidus, we extend the concept of adaptive stimulation by adaptively controlling not only continuous, but also demand-controlled stimulation. Apart from aDBS and cDBS, we consider continuous pulsatile linear delayed feedback stimulation (cpLDF), specifically designed to induce desynchronization. Additionally, we combine adaptive on-off delivery with continuous delayed feedback modulation by introducing adaptive pulsatile linear delayed feedback stimulation (apLDF), where cpLDF is turned on and off using pre-defined amplitude thresholds. By varying the stimulation parameters of cDBS, aDBS, cpLDF, and apLDF we obtain optimal parameter ranges. We reveal a simple relation between the thresholds of the local field potential (LFP) for aDBS and apLDF, the extent of the stimulation-induced desynchronization, and the integral stimulation time required. We find that aDBS and apLDF can be more efficient in suppressing abnormal synchronization than continuous simulation. However, apLDF still remains more efficient and also causes a stronger reduction of the LFP beta burst length. Hence, adaptive on-off delivery may further improve the intrinsically demand-controlled pLDF.
Outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: heat- 2-mercaptoethanol-modifiable proteins (1979)

A number of polyacrylamide gel systems and solubilization procedures were studied to define the number and nature of "major" polypeptide bands in the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was shown that five of the eight major outer membrane proteins were "heat modifiable" in that their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was determined by the solubilization temperature. Four of these heat-modifiable proteins had characteristics similar to protein II of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. Addition of lipopolysaccharide subsequent to solubilization caused reversal of the heat modification. The other heat-modifiable protein, the porin protein F, was unusually stable to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Long periods of boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate were required to cause conversion to the heat-modified form. This was demonstrated both with outer membrane-associated and purified lipopolysaccharide-depleted protein F. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide treatment had no effect on the mobility of heat-modified protein F. Thus it is concluded that protein F represents a new class of heat-modifiable protein. It was further demonstrated that the electrophoretic mobility of protein F was modified by 2-mercaptoethanol and that the 2-mercaptoethanol and heat modification of mobility were independent of one another. The optimal conditions for the examination of the outer membrane proteins of P. aeruginosa by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are discussed.
Roll-to-roll compatible quinoxaline-based polymers toward high performance polymer solar cells (2020)

In this article, two D–A-type quinoxaline-based polymers with multiple fluorine atoms, denoted by PB-QxF and PBF-QxF, were synthesized and tested for polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Nitric oxide inhibition of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission is critical for myogenic differentiation (2010)

During myogenic differentiation the short mitochondria of myoblasts change into the extensively elongated network observed in myotubes. The functional relevance and the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of this mitochondrial network are unknown. We now show that mitochondrial elongation is required for myogenesis to occur and that this event depends on the cellular generation of nitric oxide (NO). Inhibition of NO synthesis in myogenic precursor cells leads to inhibition of mitochondrial elongation and of myogenic differentiation. This is due to the enhanced activity, translocation and docking of the pro-fission GTPase dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) to mitochondria, leading also to a latent mitochondrial dysfunction that increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. These effects of NO inhibition were not observed in myogenic precursor cells containing a dominant-negative form of Drp1. Both NO-dependent repression of Drp1 action and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function were mediated through the soluble guanylate cyclase. These data uncover a novel level of regulation of differentiation linking mitochondrial morphology and function to myogenic differentiation.
Novel Bacterial DNA Sample Preparation Method from Whole Blood using Surface-Modified Silicon Microstructures (2007)

A novel bacterial DNA sample preparation device for molecular diagnostics has been developed. Based on optimized conditions for bacterial adhesion, surface-modified silicon pillar arrays for bacterial cell capture were fabricated and their ability to capture bacterial cells was demonstrated. The capture efficiency for bacterial cell, E. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">coli</i> , in buffer solution was over 90% with a flow rate of 400 𝜇𝓁/min. Moreover, the proposed method captured E. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">coli</i> cells present in 50% whole blood effectively. The captured cells from whole blood were then <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in-situ</i> lyzed on the surface of the microchip and the eluted DNA was successfully amplified by qPCR. These results demonstrate that the full process of pathogen capture to DNA isolation from whole blood could be automated in a single microchip.
Factor XI Deficiency Acquired by Liver Transplantation (1991)

Factor XI deficiency (the Rosenthal syndrome), an autosomal recessive genetic defect, was transmitted to a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation. The deficiency was manifested by an isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) after surgery. Hematologic evaluation using specific factor analysis revealed an absolute deficiency of factor XI. Stored serum obtained from the organ recipient before transplantation showed normal factor XI levels. When the liver donor's family was questioned, it was discovered that he was of Ashkenazi Jewish descent and that he had a history of bleeding after dental procedures. Before his death from intracerebral bleeding, he was documented to have an isolated prolonged aPTT value. This case shows that potentially morbid genetic defects can be transmitted by organ transplantation. It also provides evidence confirming that the liver is the only site of factor XI production.
Relativistic erenkov Devices (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers Recent High-Power TWT Amplifier Research Backward Wave Oscillators Recent High-Power BWO Research Acknowledgments This chapter contains sections titled: References
Expression and Characterization of theMycobacterium tuberculosisSerine/Threonine Protein Kinase PknB (1999)

PknB is a member of the newly discovered eukaryotic-like protein serine/threonine kinase (PSTK) family of proteins. The pknB gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The active recombinant protein was purified and shown to be reactive with antiphosphoserine antibodies, as well as with antibodies to the phosphorylated eukaryotic Ser/Thr kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 and 6, P38, and Creb. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that PknB is a functional kinase that is autophosphorylated on serine/threonine residues and is also able to phosphorylate the peptide substrate myelin basic protein. Analysis of pknB expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis indicates the presence of pknB mRNA in (i) organisms grown in vitro in bacteriological media, (ii) a murine macrophage in vitro infection model, and (iii) in vivo alveolar macrophages from a patient with tuberculosis.
Automatic Test Item Creation in Self-Regulated Learning - Evaluating Quality of Questions in a Latin American Experience (2013)

The research area of self-regulated learning (SRL) has shown the importance of the learner’s role in their cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies to self-regulate their learning. One fundamental step is to self-assess the knowledge acquired, to identify key concepts, and review the understanding about them. In this paper, we present an experimental setting in Guatemala, with students from several countries. The study provides evaluation results from the use of an enhanced automatic question creation tool (EAQC) for a self-regulated learning online environment. In addition to assessment quality, motivational and emotional aspects, usability, and tasks value are addressed. The EAQC extracts concepts from a given text and automatically creates different types of questions based on either the self-generated concepts or on concepts supplied by the user. The findings show comparable quality of automatically and human generated concepts, while questions created by a teacher were in part evaluated higher than computer-generated questions. Whereas difficulty and terminology of questions were evaluated equally, teacher questions where considered to be more relevant and more meaningful. Therefore, future improvements should especially focus on these aspects of questions quality.
Supplementary Data from A Biparatopic Antibody That Modulates MET Trafficking Exhibits Enhanced Efficacy Compared with Parental Antibodies in MET-Driven Tumor Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplementary figures and tables&lt;/p&gt;
The Effects of Object Size, Attenuation, Scatter, and Random Coincidences on Signal to Noise Ratio in Simulations of Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (2006)

Time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) can improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to conventional PET by improving coincidence localization and reducing random coincidences. Previous work showed that good TOF resolution can dramatically improve SNR in the absence of attenuation. This paper examines the effect of attenuation, scatter and randoms coincidences on SNR in TOF. The SimSET program was modified to generate random events and used to simulate multiple realizations of cylindrical phantoms, adding attenuation, scatter and randoms one-by-one. Improving TOF resolution generally improved SNR, but the improvement over conventional tomography was not well predicted by a widely used model.
Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions and middle-ear pressure gains in a finite-element mouse model (2022)

For evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), the stimulus and emission signals traverse the middle ear (ME) in forward and reverse directions, respectively. In this study, a fully coupled three-dimensional finite-element model of the mouse ear canal (EC), ME, and cochlea was used to calculate ME pressure gains, impedances, and reflectances at the EC-entrance and stapes-footplate-cochlear-fluid interfaces. The cochlear model incorporates a series of interdigitated Y-shaped structures sandwiched between the basilar membrane and reticular lamina, each comprised of a Deiters' cell, its phalangeal-process extension, and an outer hair cell (OHC). By introducing random perturbations to the OHC gains, stimulation-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) were generated. Raising the perturbation magnitude from 10% to 80% increased the SFOAE magnitude by up to 24 dB in the 10-30 kHz frequency range. Increasing or decreasing the stiffness of the stapes annular ligament and eardrum by a factor of 8 changed the SFOAEs by up to 30 dB, but the round-trip ME gain as measured could not account for this. A modified round-trip ME gain, with reflections removed at the EC-entrance and stapes-cochlea boundaries, eliminated a ±10 dB discrepancy and allowed ME changes to be quantitatively associated with changes in measured OAEs.