gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereologic Evidence for Persistence of Viable Neurons in Layer II of the Entorhinal Cortex and the CA1 Field in Alzheimer Disease (2003)

The entorhinal cortex and hippocampus are the first cortical regions to be affected by the degenerative cellular process that leads to Alzheimer disease (AD) and display a limited degree of neuronal alterations in normal aging. Several quantitative studies have reported a substantial loss of neurons in these regions and a parallel increase in the number of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, accurate quantitative data on the dynamics of NFT formation are lacking. Here, we performed a stereologic assessment of the proportions of intracellular and extracellular (ghost) NFTs (iNFTs and eNFTs, respectively) and unaffected neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex and in the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 field of the hippocampus in elderly control cases compared to cases with varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction. The data revealed differential rates of formation of iNFTs and eNFTs between the 2 regions and confirmed the presence of a severe disease-associated, but not age-related, neuronal loss. They also revealed that large numbers of neurons may persist either unaffected or in a transitional stage of NFT formation until the late stages of AD progression. These neurons with viability potential constitute 73% of the total numbers of profiles in layer II of the entorhinal cortex and 77% in the CA1 field in cases with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 3. Whereas it is not possible in the present study to assess how functional such neurons with altered physiology might be, it is nonetheless likely that these transitional neurons open new options for potential therapeutic interventions aimed at protecting neurons vulnerable to neurofibrillary degeneration.
266 (2013)

Introduction: There is an unmet need for the development of validated biomarkers to detect acute brain injuries in children who undergo surgical repair of congenital heart disease (CHD). Advances in neuroprotection for these patients are limited by the lack of sensitive measures of acute cerebral injury, lack of validated treatment interventions, and the long time window before such injury may become clinically apparent. Methods: We evaluated a panel of biomarkers for the detection of acute central nervous system (CNS) injury (stroke, hemorrhage, seizures, and abnormal neurologic exam), and for the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome for infants with CHD. This was a single-center prospective study of children ages 0–12 months (n=58) that underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for surgical repair of CHD. Patients were classified with poor outcome if they died, had an abnormal neurologic examination postoperatively, had an abnormal electroencephalogram or neuroimaging study postoperatively, or had a Bayley Score <1 standard deviation from the mean on any of the three composite scores. To detect acute brain injury in the perioperative period we used a combination of electroencephalography (EEG), clinical neurologic examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome, we performed developmental evaluations at 12 months of age, in an established neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic. To evaluate the utility of a novel panel of biomarkers for detection of acute neurologic injury and predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome, we performed serial serum measures of markers of mitochondrial function (acylcarnitine to free carnitine ratio), nitric oxide signaling (asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)), inflammation (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor α), blood brain barrier breakdown (matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase -1 (TIMP-1)) and novel markers of ischemic brain injury (adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP) and midregional pro-atrial naturietic peptide (MRproANP)). Results: No biomarker or change in biomarkers at individual time points predicted poor outcome. Infants with higher preoperative ADMA levels had increased postoperative neurologic injury. There was a trend towards increased mortality and higher level of MMP-9 on the first postoperative day (p=0.05.) Patients with one or more preoperative admissions had increased neurologic injury postoperatively. Conclusions: These data suggest that additional studies are needed to further delineate the clinical usefulness of these novel biomarkers that target fundamental mechanisms of cellular injury in order to advance the development of new therapies for prevention of neurologic injury in infants with CHD.
Telomerase activity as a marker of breast carcinoma in fine-needle aspirated samples (2000)

The diagnostic accuracy of telomerase activity in FNA samples is considered to be equivalent or slightly higher to that of cytology (86% vs. 70%). Detection of telomerase activity should be considered an alert for false-negative results of FNA cytology and may be useful as a diagnostic marker for breast malignancy, especially in samples cytologically undetermined to be malignant. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)
Wellbore Strengthening: The Less-Studied Properties of Lost-Circulation Materials (2010)

Abstract Lost circulation is one of the major issues that lead to unwanted non-productive time (NPT) while drilling with a narrow mud weight window and it requires engineered solutions to address the problem. In several instances in the past, wellbore strengthening was achieved by treating the drilling fluid with lost circulation material (LCM), utilizing Stress Caging or Wellbore Strengthening theory. Small fractures were propped and sealed with a proper size distribution of particles that isolates the fracture tip from fluid pressure and controls the fracture propagation, effectively increasing the near wellbore hoop stress. Laboratory data and field experience indicate limited success may occur if a single material such as sized calcium carbonate is used alone for wellbore strengthening. This is possibly due to size reduction that may occur while drilling or due to fracture closure stresses (FCS) acting on the particles. However, using calcium carbonate in conjunction with resilient graphitic carbon (RGC) material has shown to be effective in increasing the formation integrity. The effect of mechanical properties of LCMs on wellbore strengthening has been investigated using compression/crush tests at different confining pressures simulating a wide range of FCS. Crush test demonstrated compaction and significant crushing of the ground marble and ground nut shells at high confining pressure (~ 5000 Psi). Considerable improvement in the crushing resistance and resiliency of these materials was observed with small additions of RGC. Knowledge of deformation and failure behavior of different LCM materials may result in better design. In this paper recommendations are made on different combinations of LCM that may be used more effectively to provide wellbore strengthening.
Vapor-Phase Formation of a Hole-Transporting Thiophene Polymer Layer for Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

Homogeneous layer formation on textured silicon substrates is essential for the fabrication of highly efficient monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells. From all well-known techniques for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the evaporation method offers the highest degree of freedom for layer-by-layer deposition independent of the substrate's roughness or texturing. Hole-transporting polymers with high hole mobility and structural stability have been used as effective hole-transporting materials (HTMs) of PSCs. However, the strong intermolecular interactions of the polymers do not allow for a layer formation via the evaporation method, which is a big challenge for the perovskite community. Herein, we first applied a hole-transporting terthiophene polymer (PTTh) as an HTM for evaporated PSCs via an in situ vapor-phase polymerization using iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) as a sublimable oxidative agent. PTTh showed high hole mobility of 1.2 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) and appropriate energy levels as HTM in PSCs (<i>E</i><sub>HOMO</sub> = -5.3 eV and <i>E</i><sub>LUMO</sub> = -3.3 eV). The PSCs with the in situ vapor-phase polymerized PTTh hole-transporting layer and a co-evaporated perovskite layer exhibited a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 5.9%, as a proof of concept, and high cell stability over time. Additionally, the polymer layer could fully cover the pyramidal structure of textured silicon substrates and was identified as an effective hole-transporting material for perovskite silicon tandem solar cells by optical simulation.
Penetration of antibody‐opsonized cells by the membrane attack complex of complement promotes Ca2+influx and induces streamers (2011)

We have reported that during complement-mediated cytolysis of B cells promoted by the CD20 mAbs rituximab or ofatumumab (OFA), long, thin structures that we call streamers (≥ 3 cell diameters) are rapidly generated and grow out from the cell surface. Streamers appear before cells are killed and contain opsonizing mAbs and membrane lipids. By exploiting the differential Ca(2+) requirements of discrete steps in the complement cascade, we determined that mAb-opsonized cells first tagged with C3b using C5-depleted serum are killed on addition of serum and EDTA, but the cells do not produce streamers. Also, cells first opsonized with OFA are lysed in serum containing Mg-EGTA by the alternative complement pathway but streamers are not produced. These findings indicate that Ca(2+) influx is necessary for streamer formation. Other mAbs that promote complement-mediated cytolysis also induce streamers on target cells. Streamer-like structures called nanotubes have been reported in several cellular systems, and are thought to promote intercellular communication/signaling. We tested whether this signaling could influence the susceptibility of neighboring cells contacted by streamers to complement attack and found that complement-mediated cytolysis of OFA-opsonized cells increases the resistance of unopsonized indicator cell populations to subsequent lysis when these cells are exposed to OFA and complement.
Synthesis of Peripherally Annulated Phenanthroporphyrins (2023)

Synthesis of unusual phenanthroporphyrins was achieved by a stepwise precursor method. Precursor porphyrins fused with aryl-substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene afforded the corresponding arylbenzoporphyrins (arylBPs) by a retro Diels-Alder reaction. Unusual phenanthroporphyrins were obtained via the intramolecular Scholl reaction of arylBPs. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed a distorted, helical porphyrin plane. Red-shifted absorptions of tetraphenanthroporphyrin are observed at ca. 580 nm for the B band and at 700<b>-</b>900 nm for the Q bands. Analysis of magnetic circular dichroism spectra and time-dependent density functional theory calculations was used to explain the optical properties and electronic structures.
Novel Diaryl or Heterocyclic Sulfonamides as Antimitotic Agents (2008)

The sulfonamides constitute an important class of drugs, which display a variety of activities including antibacterial, anti-carbonic anhydrase, diuretic, hypoglycemic and antithyroid effectiveness. A number of sulfonamides have been reported to be potent anticancer agents, which interact with a wide range of different cellular targets. Among these interesting sulfonamides, the diaryl or heterocyclic sulfonamides have recently emerged as an important class of antimitotic agents against different types of cancer, including multidrug resistant tumors. This review summarizes the recent advances of the diaryl or heterocyclic sulfonamides as novel antimitotic agents.
Ein Labormodell, um den Widerstand gegen Auslockerung von Implantaten bei pertrochantärer Femurfrakturfixation zu eval-uieren (2004)

Departments: Abstracts: German and Spanish Translations of Abstracts From the Journal: GERMAN TRANSLATIONS: German Translations
Society Guidelines Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on the Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Implementation (2013)

Recent studies have provided the impetus to update the recommendations for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This article provides guidance on the implementation of CRT and is intended to serve as a framework for the implementation of CRT within the Canadian health care system and beyond. These guidelines were RESUME
Hot Carrier Effects in Extreme Submicrometer CMOS (1998)

Hot carrier effects in CMOS with effective gate length down to 0.1㎛ level are investigated. Hot carrier effects in 0.1㎛ level CMOS are observed at low drain voltage and its possible physical mechanisms are explained. Based on the conventional DC lifetime extrapolation technique, the maximum allowable supply voltage under DC and AC stress is extracted. The enhanced AC degradation for ultra-thin SiO₂, PMOS is explained by the hole trapping during device-off. Finally, a new method for characterizing the hot carrier degradation of ultra-thin SiO₂ PMOS is suggested.
Integration of Directed Self-Assembly with 193 nm Lithography (2010)

Directed self-assembly (DSA), which combines self-assembled polymers with lithographically defined substrates, has been considered as a potential candidate to extend optical lithography. In order to assess the capabilities and limitations of DSA as a viable patterning technology for the fabrication of semiconductor devices, we seek to integrate DSA with state-of-the-art optical lithography in a straightforward and process-friendly manner. In this paper, we discuss several integration strategies which allow 193 nm immersion lithography to produce suitable topographical and chemical guiding patterns for DSA. The ability to use optical lithography and commercially available patterning materials to fabricate effective guiding patterns will enable DSA to be applied to 300 mm wafers with state-of-the-art fab tooling and will open the door to meaningful wafer-scale characterization of DSA performance.
Chemical blockade of the reticuloendothelial system results in arteriolar spasms: possible role of endothelial cells. (1985)

Scattered qualitative studies in the literature suggest that the reticuloendothelial system (RES) interacts with the microcirculation to effect host defense and that chemical or pharmacologic blockade of the RES might compromise the microcirculation. With this possibility in mind, we designed experiments in rats to determine whether colloid and pharmacologic blockade of the RES could alter microvascular tone and reactivity. The effects of colloidal carbon, thorium dioxide, tripalmitin and tetracycline on reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function, mesenteric terminal arteriolar tone and arteriolar reactivity to noradrenaline and acetylcholine were examined in situ at magnifications up to 5000x. Colloidal carbon and thorium dioxide, in the doses utilized, produced complete blockade of the RES. Treatment with tripalmitin and tetracycline produced pronounced RES depression. RES blockade and depression were associated with marked reductions in terminal arteriolar lumen sizes, curtailment of capillary inflow and outflow, hyper-reactivity to the constrictor, noradrenaline, and hypo-reactivity to the dilator, acetylcholine. Close examination of the endothelial linings of the capillaries, postcapillary venules and terminal arterioles of the experimentally-treated animals indicated pronounced uptake of carbon particles in the endothelial cells, different degrees of endothelial cell swelling and often bulging into the microvessel lumens. Our findings suggest that RES-induced alterations in microvascular tone and arteriolar reactivity may be related to injury of the microvascular endothelial cells.
Velocity and Directionality of the Electrohysterographic Signal Propagation (2014)

The propagation velocities estimated in this study are similar to those reported in other studies but with a smaller intra- and inter-patient variation. Thus a potential tool has been established for further studies on true and false labor contractions.
Isotropic to Anisotropic Transition Observed in Si Nanoparticles Lithiation by in situ TEM (2014)

Si is a promising candidate anode material for the next generation Li-ion battery because of its high capacity. However, Si inherently suffers from its large volume change (~300%) when alloyed with Li during the typical charge/discharge cycles, which degrades battery performance and causes potential safety issues. Understanding of microstructural evolutions of Si in the lithiation/delithiation cycles is helpful to design better electrodes. In-situ TEM has been recently applied to study dynamically microstructural evolution of pure Si in the electrochemical lithiation/delithiation reaction Crystalline Si undergoes a two-phase process upon the first lithiation, with an interface between amorphous Li x Si phase that is formed during the alloying reaction of Si and Li, and the remainder (unreacted) crystalline Si in the center. The lithiation of amorphous Si has similar two-phase process, where the interface is defined between Li-poor core and Li-rich shell regions. The first lithiation of crystalline Si is anisotropic and dominated by the alloying reaction at the interface The first lithiation of amorphous Si nanoparticle is, however, isotropic The critical threshold of generating fracture for amorphous Si nanoparticles (870 nm) is much higher than that of the crystalline ones (150 nm)
Cloning of a surface protein antigen gene from serotype c Streptococcus mutans (1989)

The structural gene for a 190 kD protein antigen (PAc) of Streptococcus mutans MT8148 (serotype c) was cloned into the plasmid vector pUC118. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting showed that the Escherichia coli harbouring the chimaeric plasmid produced multiple polypeptides of 190-210 kD. Immunodiffusion analysis revealed that the cloned PAc had the same specific determinants as S. mutans PAc. The cloned pac gene was mapped, and its transcriptional orientation was determined by characterizing deletion mutants of the chimaeric plasmid. Southern blot analysis with the cloned gene sequence as a probe revealed the presence of a homologous sequence in DNAs from serotypes e and f S. mutans. PAc-defective mutants were constructed by inserting an erythromycin-resistance gene into the pac gene. The cell-surface hydrophobicity of the mutants was lower than that of the parent strain.
3D Face Modeling for Multi-Feature Extraction for Intelligent Systems (2013)

In this chapter, we focus on the human robot joint interaction application where robots can extract the useful multiple features from human faces. The idea follows daily life scenarios where humans rely mostly on face to face interaction and interpret gender, identity, facial behavior and age of the other persons at a very first glance. We term this problem as face-at-a-glance problem. The proposed solution to this problem is the development of a 3D photorealistic face model in real time for human facial analysis. We also discuss briefly some outstanding challenges like head poses, facial expressions and illuminations for image synthesis. Due to the diversity of the application domain and optimization of relevant information extraction for computer vision applications, we propose to solve this problem using an interdisciplinary 3D face model. The model is built using computer vision and computer graphics tools with image processing techniques. In order to trade off between accuracy and efficiency, we choose wireframe model which provides automatic face generation in real time. The goal of this chapter is to provide a standalone and comprehensive framework to extract useful multi-feature from a 3D model. Such features due to their wide range of information and less computational power, finds their applications in several advanced camera mounted technical systems. Although this chapter focuses on multi-feature extraction approach for human faces in interactive applications with intelligent systems, however the scope of this chapter is equally useful for researchers and industrial practitioner working in the modeling of 3D deformable objects. The chapter mainly specified to human faces but can also be applied to other applications like medical imaging, industrial robot manipulation and action recognition.
An automatic test equipment for the calibration of voltage transducers (2001)

This paper describes the theory of operation and the design of an automatic test equipment (ATE) for the calibration of voltage transducers in a wide range of frequency. It also discusses the performance of a lab prototype and shows the results of some calibration tests performed by using the ATE proposed.
Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Films Using Borane Dimethylamine as the Reducing Co-reagent (2014)

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Cu metal films was carried out by a two-step process with Cu(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2 and BH3(NHMe2) on Ru substrates and by a three-step process employing Cu(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2, formic acid, and BH3(NHMe2) on Pd and Pt substrates. The two-step process demonstrated self-limited ALD growth at 150 °C with Cu(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2 and BH3(NHMe2) pulse lengths of ≥3.0 and ≥1.0 s, respectively. An ALD window was observed between 130 and 160 °C, with a growth rate of about 0.13 Å/cycle. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rough Cu films that likely originate from the Cu nanoparticle seed layer. The Cu films exhibited poor electrical conductivity because of their nanoparticulate natures. The three-step process showed self-limited ALD growth on Pd and Pt at 150 °C with Cu(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2, formic acid, and BH3(NHMe2) pulse lengths of ≥3.0, ≥ 0.3, and ≥1.0 s, respectively. ALD windows were observed between 135 and 165 °C on both Pd and Pt, with growth rates of 0.20 Å/cycle on both substrates. Plots of film thickness versus number of cycles showed linear growth behavior on Pd with a growth rate of 0.20 Å/cycle up to 2000 cycles. By contrast, a similar plot for growth on Pt revealed nonlinear growth behavior, with a growth rate of about 0.4 Å/cycle up to 500 cycles, and then a growth rate of about 0.03 Å/cycle between 500 and 2000 cycles. The large difference in growth behavior between Pd and Pt substrates is proposed to occur by formation of a Cu/Pd alloy film and continuous catalytic decomposition of the BH3(NHMe2) by the surface Pd sites. By contrast, there is much less surface Pt in the growing Cu film, and catalytic decomposition of BH3(NHMe2) by the diminishing surface Pt as the Cu film grows leads to a decreased growth rate beyond 500 cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the formation of high purity Cu metal for all depositions, with low levels of C, N, O, and B. The Cu films on Pd and Pt showed smooth, continuous films at all thicknesses and had low electrical resistivities.