gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of ABS resin reinforced with recycled CFRP (2007)

Composite materials consisting of crushed carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) pieces and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin were prepared by an injection mold method to solve the problem of recycling of CFRP. The electrical properties, such as electrical resistivity, alternating current impedance and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effect, were measured for the composites. The electrical resistivity of the composites showed a percolation type of conduction behavior and no difference between parallel and perpendicular to the injection direction was observed for CFRP content higher than the critical value. Measurement of alternating current impedance revealed that the conduction mechanism is attributed to the direct conductive paths generated by distributed carbon fibers; however, strong frequency dependence of the impedance was observed for the CFRP content near the critical one. The frequency dependence of the impedance is caused by the inter-fiber connection and can be expressed as a simple equivalent circuit. The absorption component of shielding effect (SE) was smaller than the expected value estimated from its resistivity. The decline of SE is thought to be caused by the decrease in effective thickness due to fiber orientation.
Monte Carlo modeling of heterogeneities in ceramic, polymer, and composite capacitors (2009)

High and reproducible dielectric breakdown strength is essential requirement for high energy pulse power capacitors. It is important to understand which features of a dielectric are instrumental in determining breakdown strength. Modeling of the dielectric breakdown complements experimental work in achieving deeper insights into dielectric breakdown and helps to identify parameters controlling breakdown strength for a given dielectric. We have performed Monte Carlo modeling of breakdown strength in ceramics, polymers, and layered organic/inorganic composites. In the case of ceramics, the effect of uniform and nonuniform porosity on the breakdown strength indicated that both the level and size of porosity influence dielectric strength. Furthermore, porosity has stronger influence on the breakdown strength as the pore size-to-dielectric thickness ratio becomes larger. It was also determined that the prediction of the model agrees well with experimentally observed area dependence of dielectric breakdown of commercial capacitors. In the case of semicrystalline polymers, the modeling work strongly suggests positive contribution to the breakdown strength from the interfaces between the crystalline and amorphous phases. This conclusion was reached through the comparison of Weibull modulus obtained from the experimental breakdown strength measurements of biaxially oriented polypropylene capacitors with that of Monte Carlo modeling of the same dielectrics. Only in the case of interfaces dominating the breakdown strength there was a good agreement between experimental and modeled Weibull modulus. The modeling work also indicate that unlike ceramics for which infinite Weibull modulus is theoretically achievable for the defect-free dielectric, in the case of semicrystalline dielectrics the Weibull modulus is finite in all cases, and is controlled by polymer microstructure and capacitor geometry. In the case of layered ceramic - polymer composites we focused on understanding tree propagation as a function of the dielectric contrast between the dielectrics and the placement of a single high K ceramic layer within the polymer. Both dielectric contrast between the layers and placement of the layer turned out to be important in determining the time required for sample destruction. Interestingly, these effects are observed in the electrostatic modeling without introduction of defects and space charges at the interfaces. A comparison of breakdown in heterogeneous ceramics, polymers, and composites indicates a great diversity and richness of observed behavior. In particular, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of heterogeneity were deduced from the modeling.
Laser excited confocal microscope fluorescence scanner and method (2023)

A fluorescent scanner for scanning the fluorescence from a fluorescence labeled separated sample on a sample carrier including a confocal microscope for illuminating a predetermined volume of the sample carrier and/or receiving and processing fluorescence emissions from said volume to provide a display of the separated sample.
Three-Dimensional Printed Models for Lateral Skull Base Surgical Training: Anatomy and Simulation of the Transtemporal Approaches (2019)

The 3D-printed temporal bone models highlighting key anatomic structures accurately simulated 4 sequential stages of transtemporal approaches with high face validity, content validity, and construct validity. This strategy may provide a useful educational resource for temporal bone anatomy and training in lateral skull base approaches.
The DNA-Mediated Formation of Supramolecular Mono- and Multilayered Nanoparticle Structures (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe DNA-Mediated Formation of Supramolecular Mono- and Multilayered Nanoparticle StructuresT. Andrew Taton, Robert C. Mucic, Chad A. Mirkin, and Robert L. LetsingerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 26, 6305–6306Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2000Publication History Received6 March 2000Published online17 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0007962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0007962rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2111Altmetric-Citations258LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Genetics,Layers,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Prenatal diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism two mutations located at the same allele (2001)

A pregnant woman accepted amniocentesis on account of the previous birth of type 1 oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1). PCR revealed that the fetus had two mutations (862delTT, Arg 299His). The father had one missense mutation (Arg 299Ser) and the mother had the same mutations as the fetus. Two mutations of the fetus located at the same allele were suspected. Postpartal follow-up confirmed his carrier status. For recessive disorders, faced with a fetus with two mutations, the importance of performing segregation analysis of mutation on both parents is emphasized. This could exclude two mutations located at the same allele and prevent the unnecessary termination of a fetus with carrier status.
Olefins Turned Alkylating Agents:  Diastereoselective Intramolecular Zr-Catalyzed Olefin Alkylations (2002)

The first examples of intramolecular Zr-catalyzed electrophilic alkylation of aryl olefins are disclosed. Substituted carbo- and heterocycles are prepared efficiently and diastereoselectively.
Induction of apoptosis by S-Nitrosoglutathione and Cu2+ or Ni2+ ion through modulation of bax, bad, and bcl-2 proteins in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (1999)

In this study, the amount of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was measured spectrophotometrically at 334 nm. A spontaneous decrease in absorbency at 334 nm was detected when GSNO was exposed to 37 degrees C and a high pH (pH 8.0). We investigated the catalytic roles of various metal ions on the decomposition of GSNO. The degradation of GSNO (0.5 mM) was enhanced by the presence of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) ions. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from GSNO degradation was estimated by the Griess reaction based on nitrite accumulation. The results indicated that nitrite production was elevated at least twofold in the presence of Cu(2+). Our study further indicated that Cu(2+) enhanced GSNO-induced apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma HT 29 cells. We also found that copper ions modulated the expression of bad, bax, and bcl-2 in GSNO-treated HT 29 cells. The levels of bax and bad proteins in treated cells were significantly elevated about fourfold to sixfold when compared with mock-treated cells 24 h after combined treatment with GSNO plus Cu(2+) or Ni(2+). On the other hand, significant inhibition of bcl-2 occurred in HT 29 cells with simultaneous treatment of GSNO with Cu(2+) (or Ni(2+)). It seemed that Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) can enhance the decomposition of GSNO, which liberates NO to activate the pathways. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic effects induced by GSNO were promoted by Ni(2+) and Cu(2+) through two different mechanisms: depletion of intracellular glutathione and triggering of NO release from GSNO, which then promotes NO-induced apoptosis in human cells.
Efficient Multiple Exciton Generation Observed in Colloidal PbSe Quantum Dots with Temporally and Spectrally Resolved Intraband Excitation (2009)

We have spectrally resolved the intraband transient absorption of photogenerated excitons to quantify the exciton population dynamics in colloidal PbSe quantum dots (QDs). These measurements demonstrate that the spectral distribution, as well as the amplitude, of the transient spectrum depends on the number of excitons excited in a QD. To accurately quantify the average number of excitons per QD, the transient spectrum must be spectrally integrated. With spectral integration, we observe efficient multiple exciton generation in colloidal PbSe QDs.
Direct laser writing of a new type of waveguides in silver containing glasses (2017)

Direct laser writing in glasses is a growing field of research in photonics since it provides a robust and efficient way to directly address 3D material structuring. Generally, direct laser writing in glasses induces physical modifications such as refractive index changes that have been classified under three different types (Type I, II & III). In a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass, direct laser writing additionally proceeds via the formation of silver clusters at the periphery of the interaction voxel. In this paper, we introduce a novel type of refractive index modification based on the creation of the photo-induced silver clusters allowing the inscription of a new type of optical waveguides. Various waveguides as well as a 50-50 beam splitter were written inside bulk glasses and characterized. The waveguiding properties observed in the bulk of such silver-containing glass samples were further transposed to ribbon shaped fibers made of the same material. Our results pave the way for the fabrication of 3D integrated circuits and fiber sensors with original fluorescent, nonlinear optical and plasmonic properties. The universality of these new findings should further extend in any silver-containing glasses that show similar laser-induced behavior in terms of silver cluster production.
Brief announcement (2012)

Reconfigurable state machine replication is an important enabler of elasticity for replicated cloud services, which must be able to dynamically adjust their size as a function of changing load and resource availability. We introduce a new generic framework to allow the reconfigurable state machine implementation to be derived from a collection of arbitrary non-reconfigurable state machines. Our reduction framework follows the black box approach, and does not make any assumptions with respect to its execution environment apart from reliable channels. It allows higher-level services to leverage speculative command execution to ensure uninterrupted progress during the reconfiguration periods as well as in situations where failures prevent the reconfiguration agreement from being reached in a timely fashion. We apply our framework to obtain a reconfigurable speculative state machine from the non-reconfigurable Paxos implementation, and analyze its performance on a realistic distributed testbed. Our results show that our framework incurs negligible overheads in the absence of reconfiguration, and allows steady throughput to be maintained throughout the reconfiguration periods.
The association between higher maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and increased birth weight, adiposity and inflammation in the newborn (2016)

Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with increased newborn adiposity and inflammation. These associations may be partially mediated by maternal inflammation during pregnancy.
Genetic Analysis of Dauer Formation in Caenorhabditis briggsae (2007)

Molecular changes that underlie evolutionary changes in behavior and physiology are not well understood. Dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans is a temperature-sensitive process controlled through a network of signaling pathways associated with sensory neurons and is potentially an excellent system in which to investigate molecular changes in neuronal function during evolution. To begin to investigate the evolution of dauer formation in the genus Caenorhabditis at the molecular level, we isolated dauer-formation mutations in C. briggsae, a species closely related to the model organism C. elegans. We identified mutations in orthologs of C. elegans genes daf-2 (insulin receptor), daf-3 (Smad), and daf-4 (TGF-beta type 2 receptor), as well as genes required for formation of sensory cilia. Phenotypic analyses revealed that functions of these genes are conserved between C. elegans and C. briggsae. Analysis of C. briggsae mutations also revealed a significant difference between the two species in their responses to high temperatures (>26 degrees). C. elegans is strongly induced to form dauers at temperatures above 26 degrees, near the upper limit for growth of C. elegans. In contrast, C. briggsae, which is capable of growth at higher temperatures than C. elegans, lacks this response.
Recombinant tumor necrosis factor causes activation of human granulocytes (1987)

We have tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), by binding to and activating granulocytes, may contribute to the pathogenesis of gram-negative sepsis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Buffy coat granulocytes incubated with as little as 0.5 ng/mL of recombinant TNF (rTNF) showed a dose-related increase in nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, in granulocyte polarization, in superoxide anion release, and in visually apparent aggregation. Purified lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/mL) caused polymorphonuclear (PMN) aggregation and activation that was neutralized by polymyxin B. The release of superoxide was augmented by preincubation of the PMNs with gamma-interferon. The effect of TNF was neutralized by TNF-specific murine monoclonal antibodies but not by polymyxin B. Scatchard analysis of 125I-rTNF binding to granulocytes revealed about 1,200 receptors per cell with a Kd of 4.9 X 10(-10) mol/L. These results suggest that the release of TNF by mononuclear phagocytes contributes to granulocyte activation and aggregation during inflammation.
Development of Advanced Ill-Nitride Materials (2008)

Abstract : This new AFOSR program is focused on basic issues in the growth of advanced GaN and InN-based materials by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Work is focused on three areas: (i) extend on our pioneering work on high temperature nitrogen-rich growth of GaN, where we have demonstrated a new growth space for realizing high quality GaN materials and devices including world record room bulk electron mobility in GaN by MOCVD or MBE; (ii) continue our work on InN and its alloys with a particular emphasis on realizing p-type doping, p-n junctions, and InGaN/InN quantum well structures for terahertz emitters; and (iii) develop AlInN materials lattice-matched to GaN for advanced optoelectronic emitters and electron devices.
Phase competition inL0.5A0.5MnO3perovskites (2002)

Single crystals of the systems ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.5}({\mathrm{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{)}_{0.5}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ $({\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Y}}_{y}{)}_{0.5}({\mathrm{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{)}_{0.5}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ and ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ were grown to provide a series of samples with fixed ratio $\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{III})/\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{IV})=1$ having geometric tolerance factors that span the transition from localized to itinerant electronic behavior of the ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ array. A unique ferromagnetic phase appears at the critical tolerance factor ${t}_{c}=0.975$ that separates charge ordering and localized-electron behavior for $t&lt;{t}_{c}$ from itinerant or molecular-orbital behavior for $t&gt;{t}_{c}.$ This ferromagnetic phase, which has to be distinguished from the ferromagnetic metallic phase stabilized at tolerance factors $t&gt;{t}_{c},$ separates two distinguishable type-CE antiferromagnetic phases that are metamagnetic. Measurements of the transport properties under hydrostatic pressure were carried out on a composition t a little below ${t}_{c}$ in order to compare the effects of chemical vs. hydrostatic pressure on the phases that compete with one another near ${t=t}_{c}.$
Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires glyoxylate shunt and reverse methylcitrate cycle for lactate and pyruvate metabolism (2019)

Bacterial nutrition is an essential aspect of host-pathogen interaction. For the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans, fatty acids derived from lipid droplets are considered the major carbon source. However, many other soluble nutrients are available inside host cells and may be used as alternative carbon sources. Lactate and pyruvate are abundant in human cells and fluids, particularly during inflammation. In this work, we study Mtb metabolism of lactate and pyruvate combining classic microbial physiology with a 'multi-omics' approach consisting of transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS), RNA-seq transcriptomics, proteomics and stable isotopic labelling coupled with mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. We discovered that Mtb is well adapted to use both lactate and pyruvate and that their metabolism requires gluconeogenesis, valine metabolism, the Krebs cycle, the GABA shunt, the glyoxylate shunt and the methylcitrate cycle. The last two pathways are traditionally associated with fatty acid metabolism and, unexpectedly, we found that in Mtb the methylcitrate cycle operates in reverse, to allow optimal metabolism of lactate and pyruvate. Our findings reveal a novel function for the methylcitrate cycle as a direct route for the biosynthesis of propionyl-CoA, the essential precursor for the biosynthesis of the odd-chain fatty acids.
Spray-coatable ionogels based on silane-ionic liquids for low voltage, flexible, electrolyte-gated organic transistors (2014)

A new type of silane-based ionogel is demonstrated that can be used in low-voltage electrolyte-gated polymer field-effect transistors.
Dispiroketals in Synthesis: Preparation of a Stable, Sterically Demanding Glyceraldehyde Ketal and Diastereoselective Reactions with Simple Organometallic Reagents (1992)

A preparation of the novel dispiroketal of D-glyceraldehyde is described. The diastereoselective addition of various organometallic reagents proceeds with anti selectivity due to the large steric bulk of the dispiroketal.
Effects of TM6SF2 E167K on hepatic lipid and very low-density lipoprotein metabolism in humans (2020)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. The transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) E167K genetic variant associates with NAFLD and with reduced plasma triglyceride levels in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. We hypothesized that TM6SF2 E167K affects hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and studied the kinetics of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) and triglyceride metabolism in VLDL in homozygous subjects. In 10 homozygote TM6SF2 E167K carriers and 10 matched controls, we employed stable-isotope tracer and compartmental modeling techniques to determine apoB100 and triglyceride kinetics in the 2 major VLDL subfractions: large triglyceride-rich VLDL1 and smaller, less triglyceride-rich VLDL2. VLDL1-apoB100 production was markedly reduced in homozygote TM6SF2 E167K carriers compared with controls. Likewise, VLDL1-triglyceride production was 35% lower in the TM6SF2 E167K carriers. In contrast, the direct production rates for VLDL2-apoB100 and triglyceride were not different between carriers and controls. In conclusion, the TM6SF2 E167K genetic variant was linked to a specific reduction in hepatic secretion of large triglyceride-rich VLDL1. The impaired secretion of VLDL1 explains the reduced plasma triglyceride concentration and provides a basis for understanding the lower risk of cardiovascular disease associated with the TM6SF2 E167K genetic variant.
Web-Based Diagnosis Tool for Customers to Self-Solve Print Quality Issues (2010)

Print quality is an important factor for customer satisfaction. Resolving print quality issues poses special challenges for a manufacturer's support organization. The authors have developed a troubleshooting website to enable customers to self-solve many of their print quality issues. The diagnosis is based on images of printed test pages that contain highly accurate simulations of potential print quality defects. The authors review the process for developing the website, the organization of its content, a validation framework to efficiently verify its correctness, and the steps to simulate print quality issues. The tool has been deployed for more than a dozen color laser printers and used by hundreds of thousands of customers.
Novel insights into the dynamics of intractable human epilepsy (2008)

Probability density functions and the probability of Sz occurrence conditional upon the time elapsed from the previous Sz were estimated using the energy and intervals of SZ in prolonged recordings from subjects with localization- related pharmaco-resistant epilepsy, undergoing surgical evaluation. Clinical and subclinical seizure E and ISI distributions are governed by power laws in subjects on reduced doses of anti-seizure drugs. There is increased probability of Sz occurrence 30 minutes before and after a seizure and the time to next seizure increases with the duration of the seizure-free interval since the last one. Also, over short time scales, ``seizures may beget seizures.'' The cumulative empirical evidence is compatible with and suggests that at least over short time scales, seizures have the inherent capacity of triggering other seizures. This may explain the tendency of seizures to cluster and evolve into status epilepticus. Power law distributions of E and ISI indicate these features lack a typical size/duration and may not be accurate criteria or sufficient for classifying paroxysmal activity as ictal or interictal. This dependency and the existence of power law distributions raise the possibility that Sz occurrence and intensity may be predictable, without specifying the likelihood of success.