gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherent generation of 100 GHz acoustic phonons by dynamic screening of piezoelectric fields in AlGaN/GaN multilayers (2002)

Ultrashort pulse laser techniques have been used to observe and characterize the generation of coherent phonons by rapid screening of strain-induced piezoelectric polarization fields in AlGaN/GaN multilayers. The results are compared with those where coherent phonons are launched by optical techniques without the carrier injections process to show consistency with the anticipated longitudinal phonon dispersion in the nitride semiconductor samples.
Thermodynamically Favored Aldol Reaction of Propargyl or Allenyl Esters: Regioselective Synthesis of Carbinol Allenoates (2007)

Die Retroaldolreaktion als Kontrollinstrument: Bei der TBAF-vermittelten Aldolreaktion von Allenyl- oder Propargylestern (oder Gemischen), die unter milden Bedingungen ausschließlich Carbinolallenoate ergibt (siehe Schema), kann das Kation entscheidend zur thermodynamischen Kontrolle beitragen. TBAF = Tetra-n-butylammoniumfluorid.
Induction of apoptosis in retinoid-refractory acute myelogenous leukemia by a novel AHPN analog (2003)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of a variety of different leukemic subtypes. While acute promyelocytic leukemia displays marked sensitivity to the differentiating effects of trans-retinoic acid (tRA), other subtypes of AML display resistance. We now describe a novel compound (E)-4-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC/MM002) that induces apoptosis in the tRA-resistant leukemia cell lines M07e, KG-1, and HL-60R, and in tRA-resistant patient leukemic blasts. The 3-Cl-AHPC totally inhibits leukemia colony formation at concentrations that inhibit committed human bone marrow stem cell proliferation, that is, granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GMs) by only 30%. Exposure to 3-Cl-AHPC results in caspase activation and the cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate) (poly(ADP)) ribose polymerase. While activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 pathways is not necessary for 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis, maximal apoptosis requires c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. The 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated cleavage of the antiapoptotic B-cell leukemia XL (Bcl-XL) protein to a proapoptotic 18-kDa product is found in both the M07e cell line and patient leukemic blasts. The 3-Cl-AHPC treatment of mice bearing the AML 1498 cell line results in a 3.3-log kill in the leukemic blasts. While 3-Cl-AHPC does not activate retinoic nuclear receptors, it is a potent inducer of apoptosis in AML cells and may represent a novel therapy in the treatment of this disease.
Numerical Analysis on Thermal Environment Evaluation in Kitchen with Range Hood (2013)

A residential kitchen was selected as the studied object,and the indoor air environment including the distribution of temperature and oil fumes pollutant in the closed kitchen with the range hood system was simulated numerically by using the commercial CFD software CFX.On the basis of the optimal scheme on the air curtain range hood obtained in the previous paper Part I,the effects of the original and improved range hood on the kitchen environment were analyzed respectively according to the body perception to temperature and oil fume concentration,oil fume temperature and oil fume escaping.The flow characteristics and spillage mechanisms of the oil fumes were also presented in the kitchen.The results show that the improved range hood can restrain the oil fume to escape into the kitchen.The perception to the oil fume with high temperature in the body facial region can be reduced by using the improved range hood,and the comfort of cooking in the kitchen is improved.
Synthesis and thin-film transistor performance of benzodipyrrolinone and bithiophene donor-acceptor copolymers (2012)

Three novel benzodipyrrolinone–bithiophene based donor-acceptor polymers are synthesized and used as p-type semiconductors in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Hole mobility of up to 0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1 is achieved. A new acetal-type branched substituent is introduced to significantly improve the solubility of the resulting polymer.
Lymphoma Remissions Caused by Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Are Associated With High Serum Interleukin-15 Levels (2017)

Purpose T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 (CAR-19) have potent activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but fewer results supporting treatment of lymphoma with CAR-19 T cells have been published. Patients with lymphoma that is chemotherapy refractory or relapsed after autologous stem-cell transplantation have a grim prognosis, and new treatments for these patients are clearly needed. Chemotherapy administered before adoptive T-cell transfer has been shown to enhance the antimalignancy activity of adoptively transferred T cells. Patients and Methods We treated 22 patients with advanced-stage lymphoma in a clinical trial of CAR-19 T cells preceded by low-dose chemotherapy. Nineteen patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, two patients had follicular lymphoma, and one patient had mantle cell lymphoma. Patients received a single dose of CAR-19 T cells 2 days after a low-dose chemotherapy conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide plus fludarabine. Results The overall remission rate was 73% with 55% complete remissions and 18% partial remissions. Eleven of 12 complete remissions are ongoing. Fifty-five percent of patients had grade 3 or 4 neurologic toxicities that completely resolved. The low-dose chemotherapy conditioning regimen depleted blood lymphocytes and increased serum interleukin-15 (IL-15). Patients who achieved a remission had a median peak blood CAR<sup>+</sup> cell level of 98/μL and those who did not achieve a remission had a median peak blood CAR<sup>+</sup> cell level of 15/μL ( P = .027). High serum IL-15 levels were associated with high peak blood CAR<sup>+</sup> cell levels ( P = .001) and remissions of lymphoma ( P < .001). Conclusion CAR-19 T cells preceded by low-dose chemotherapy induced remission of advanced-stage lymphoma, and high serum IL-15 levels were associated with the effectiveness of this treatment regimen. CAR-19 T cells will likely become an important treatment for patients with relapsed lymphoma.
Multichannel Cochlear Implants: Channel Interactions and Processor Design (1984)

Multichannel electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve can generate complex interactions between the individual channels. Two types of channel interactions have been investigated: those that occur when two or more electrode channels are simultaneously stimulated and those that occur when the stimuli from each channel are not temporally coincident. Experiments with three human subjects, implanted with scala tympani electrode arrays, indicate that responses are a strong function of the spacing between the channels, the subject, and the electrode geometry (ie, bipolar or monopolar geometries).
Tocotrienols promote apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by inducing poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa‐B activity (2013)

Tocotrienols induced anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in association with DNA fragmentation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and NF-κB inhibition in the two human breast cancer cell lines.
Catalytic Ni/Cr-Mediated Macrocyclization without Use of High-Dilution Techniques (2005)

The feasibility of catalytic Ni/Cr-mediated macrocyclization was demonstrated for the two substrates chosen from the halichondrin area. With 5 mol % of Ni and Cr catalysts, the macrocyclization was realized without use of high-dilution techniques. The reported method has a number of appealing features, including user-friendliness, easy workup, apparent scalability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, all the required reagents are commercially available or obtainable in one or two steps from commercially available chemicals.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVITAET DER RADIKALE VON NITRILOXIDEN, 1,3‐ADDITION (1970)

Abstract Nitriloxide (I) reagieren mit Radikalen (II) zu den Radikalen (III), die auch bei der Oxidation von Oximen (IV) erhalten werden.Aus den Nitriloxiden (I) werden so mit Aldehyden (V) in einer Kettenreaktion die Diketon‐monoxime (VIII) erhalten.
Complex multipole beam approach to acoustic scattering problems (1997)

A novel approach to reducing the matrix size associated with the boundary element/moment method solution of the problem of acoustic scattering from arbitrarily shaped closed bodies is presented in this paper. The key step in this approach is to represent the scattered field in terms of a series of beams produced by multipole sources located in a complex space. On the scatterer boundary, the fields generated by these multipole sources resemble the Gabor basis functions. By utilizing the properties of the Gabor series, guidelines for selecting the orders as well as locations of the multipole sources are developed. The present approach not only reduces the number of unknowns, but also generates a generalized impedance matrix with a banded structure. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by using internal accuracy checks and by comparing the numerical results with the analytic solutions for spherical scatterers.
High‐luminous‐efficacy structure for plasma tubes (2005)

Abstract— The plasma‐tube‐array display is expected to become a wall‐sized display with very high luminous efficacy. The cell design for high luminous efficacy was investigated. Also, discharging in the plasma tube was observed in order to investigate the structure for high luminous efficacy. As the result, a high luminous efficacy of 5.4 lm/W was achieved.
<title>Resolution improvement for HgCdTe IRCCD</title> (1992)

This paper describes a resolution improvement for a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) infrared charge-coupled device (IRCCD) using a new microscanner. To keep the microscanner compact, the scanner prism is placed between the lens and the IRCCD, and driven by a bimorph piezoelectric actuator. By compensating the drive pulse and optimizing the prism thickness, the microscanner gives a fast and stable response with low distortion. The medium wavelength imager developed for the microscanner gives a 128 X 128 pixel thermal image in the 3 to 5 micrometers band using a 64 X 64 element IRCCD. The Nyquist frequency was increased from 10 to 20 cycles/mm to reduce aliasing without decreasing the S/N ratio. The noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) was measured at 0.06 K with an f-1.7 lens. The modulation transfer function (MTF) was estimated by considering the scan distortion and the pixel aperture profile. By optimizing the aperture profile of the photodiode, the MTF at the Nyquist frequency was increased from 0 to 20%.
Generalized scale-based image filtering (2005)

In medical imaging, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) often cause many image processing algorithms to perform poorly. Postacquisition image filtering is an important off-line image processing approach widely employed to enhance the SNR and CNR. A major drawback of many filtering techniques is image degradation by diffusing/blurring edges and/or fine structures. In this paper, we introduce a scale-based filtering method that employs scale-dependent diffusion conductance to perform filtering. This approach utilizes novel object scale information via a concept called generalized ball scale, which imposes no shape, size, or anisotropic constraints unlike previously published ball scale-based filtering strategies. The object scale allows us to better control the filtering process by constraining smoothing in regions with fine details and in the vicinity of boundaries while permitting effective smoothing in the interior of homogeneous regions. Quantitative evaluations based on the Brainweb data sets show superior performance of generalized ball scale-based diffusive filtering over two existing methods, namely, ball scale-based and nonlinear complex diffusion process. Qualitative experiments based on both phantom and patient magnetic resonance images demonstrate that the generalized ball scale-based approach leads to better preserved fine details and edges.
3D Halftoning (2017)

3D printing is becoming increasingly popular around the world today. By utilizing 3D printing technology, customized products can be manufactured much more quickly and efficiently with much less cost. However, 3D printing still suffers from low quality surface reproduction compared with 2D printing. One effective approach to improve it is to develop an advanced halftoning algorithm for 3D printing. In this paper, a novel 3D DBS (Direct Binary Search) halftoning algorithm that can cooperate with current 3D printing technology is proposed which can generate high quality surface reproduction.
Packet Fair Queuing Implementations (2001)

Chapter 5 describes several architectures to implement packet fair queuing (PFQ) algorithms for a large number of connections and high-speed links. Very large scale integration (VLSI) chips are introduced. The Sequencer chip and the priority content addressable memory (PCAM) chip can be used to sort timestamp values and to find the smallest timestamp value, respectively. A RAM-based searching engine (RSE) that is both scalable and cost-effective is described, and a general shaper-scheduler using RSE and two-dimensional RSE (2-D RSE) is introduced. Details of implementation are discussed. The timestamp aging problem due to finite bit overflow is also addressed.
252 Animal and Dog Allergen Exposure in Homes with or without an (2003)

pump at 4 or 14 LPM. MUP was measured by ELISA in ng/M 3. RESULTS: Mean MUP levels in mouse holding areas and adjacent rooms/hallways were 0.9 ng/M 3 and <0.1 ng/M 3, respectively, with routine use of (I) cage/racks. Mean airborne MUP levels in the PI00 rooms with different cage/rack systems were 96.0 ng/M3-(W), 2.6 ng/M3-(Ml), 1.0 ng/M3-(ME) and <0.1 ng/M3-(I). The relative MUP extraction efficiency of the rack/cage systems compared to the uncontrolled wire bar cages (W) was: 98%-(ME), 99%-(I); efficiency compared to uncontrolled micro-isolation cages (MI) was 46%-(ME), 96%-(I). CONCLUSIONS: Based on Gordon, JACI 2001;108:288, we adopted a 1 ng/M 3 permissible airborne MUP concentration. Routine use of the lcage/rack system achieves this target allergen level in mouse holding areas. Funding: Internal Funds
Technology development for acoustic hemostasis (2023)

In trauma cases, the often immediate (and necessary) requirement is to stop uncontrolled bleeding; indeed, in combat, more than 50% of deaths result from exsanguination. With the development of ultrasound image-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) devices, “Acoustic Hemostasis” is not only possible but has the ability to terminate uncontrolled bleeding as well as for many applications of considerable benefit to medicine. In this lecture, various technology development devices and methodologies will be described that have the potential for commercial development for a wide variety of medical indications.
<title>InGaAs on GaAs extended wavelength linear detector arrays</title> (2001)

We report on In(80%)GaAs line scan sensors with 128 pixels on 50 micrometers pitch for use as thermo-electrically-cooled spectroscopic sensor in the short-wave infrared (1 - 2.5 micrometers ).
Mechanical Causation of Biological Structure: Productive Pulls Produce Persistent Filaments in a Human Fibroblast Model of Matrix Development (2021)

ABSTRACT The principal mechanisms driving the synthesis and organization of durable animal structure have been the subject of intense investigation for decades. Here, we present evidence that mechanical strains can direct the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) filaments via a mechanochemical cascade. This process is driven by cooperative cell contractions (“pulls”) that organize and precipitate structure via strain-induced polymer assembly. In an in vitro model of ECM synthesis, we use high-resolution optical microscopy to observe the kinematics of cell motion during their growth to confluency and identified cell-to-cell pulls that result in the production of persistent ECM filaments. Using live-cell confocal imaging, we confirmed that these pulls can directly cause the formation of fibronectin filaments that then bind collagen, producing persistent structures aligned with the direction of the pull. The finding suggests a new model for initial durable structure formation in animals based on local cell contraction, extensional strain and polymer mechanochemistry. The results have important implications for ECM development, growth and life-threatening pathologies of the ECM such as fibrosis.
Phenotypic diversity and metabolic specialization of renal endothelial cells (2021)

Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
Alignment of rendered images with photographs for testing appearance models (2020)

We propose a method for direct comparison of rendered images with a corresponding photograph in order to analyze the optical properties of physical objects and test the appropriateness of appearance models. To this end, we provide a practical method for aligning a known object and a point-like light source with the configuration observed in a photograph. Our method is based on projective transformation of object edges and silhouette matching in the image plane. To improve the similarity between rendered and photographed objects, we introduce models for spatially varying roughness and a model where the distribution of light transmitted by a rough surface influences direction-dependent subsurface scattering. Our goal is to support development toward progressive refinement of appearance models through quantitative validation.
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway (2009)

Paracrine signaling from lung epithelium to the surrounding mesenchyme is important for lung SMC development and function and is a contributing factor in an array of pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. Wnt7b, which is exclusively expressed in the lung epithelium, is important for lung vascular smooth muscle integrity, but the underlying mechanism by which Wnt signaling regulates lung SMC development is unclear. In this report, we have demonstrated that Wnt7b regulates a program of mesenchymal differentiation in the mouse lung that is essential for SMC development. Genetic loss-of-function studies showed that Wnt7b and beta-catenin were required for expression of Pdgfralpha and Pdgfrbeta and proliferation in pulmonary SMC precursors. In contrast, gain-of-function studies showed that activation of Wnt signaling increased the expression of both Pdgfralpha and Pdgfrbeta as well as the proliferation of SMC precursors. We further showed that the effect on Pdgfr expression was, in part, mediated by direct transcriptional regulation of the ECM protein tenascin C (Tnc), which was necessary and sufficient for Pdgfralpha/beta expression in lung explants. Moreover, this pathway was highly upregulated in a mouse model of asthma and in lung tissue from patients with pulmonary hypertension. Together, these data define a Wnt/Tnc/Pdgfr signaling axis that is critical for smooth muscle development and disease progression in the lung.
Transient transmission of a transgene in mouse offspring following in vivo transfection of male germ cells (2002)

Sperm-mediated gene transfer in vertebrates has undergone various developments over the last few years, in different laboratories. In the present study, we microinjected a circular plasmid, carrying the lacZ reporter gene mixed with noncommercial cationic lipids, into the seminiferous tubules of anesthetized adult mice. Histochemical analysis was used to estimate the transfection efficiency 48-96 hr and 40 days after injection. As early as 48-96 hr post-injection, an efficient transfection was revealed by a beta-galactosidase expression within both immature and differentiated germ cells. By 40 days post-injection, the specific LacZ expression was restricted to the most immature germ cells in the basal portion of the seminiferous tubules. At this time, some injected males were mated with wild-type females and the progeny were analyzed by PCR and Southern blot. We showed that the transgene was transmitted to the offspring but remained episomal, as it was found in the tail of the young animals but not at adulthood. Therefore, the plasmid seemed to be lost during the numerous germ cells divisions. This plasmid stayed in some tissues, such as skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. No integrative forms have yet been found with the use of a circular DNA.
Ion implantation for unalloyed ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2004)

We report on the use of Si ion implantation for the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with an as-deposited ohmic contact resistance of 0.4 /spl Omega/mm. Currently ohmic contact technology requires a high temperature (/spl sim/870/spl deg/C) alloying step. The resulting contacts have an irregular shape and surface that can create difficulties in device reproducibility, reliability and yield, particularly for large periphery devices. The use of ion implantation to enable unalloyed ohmic contacts has the potential to reduce these obstacles to the manufacturability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Using ion implantation also has the potential to reduce access resistance by reducing ohmic contact resistance and gate-source spacing, to eliminate the need for etched device isolation, and to enable sophisticated device designs that take advantage of lateral dopant engineering.
Association Between Novelty Seeking and the Type 4 Dopamine Receptor Gene in a Large Finnish Cohort Sample (1999)

These results confirm the original findings of an association between the DRD4 gene and novelty seeking, while showing that novelty seeking is probably not influenced by the polymorphism itself but, rather, a different DNA variant in the DRD4 gene or another gene in linkage disequilibrium with it.