gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation hardening of steel using high-energy electron beams (1994)

Megavolt/megawatt high-energy electron beams (HEEBs) represent a new generation of charged particle beams that have unique capabilities for advanced processing of materials. One material processing application for HEEBs is the localized transformation hardening of steel. The high accelerating voltage of the electron beam allows its energy to be deposited subsurface, so that the steel can be heat treated at depth without melting, while the beam's high average power allows transformation hardening to be performed at rapid surface coverage rates. In this investigation, a 6 MeV electron beam was used to process plain carbon steel and O-1 tool steel using stationary and traveling beams, at normal and glancing angles of incidence. These experiments investigated the beam fluence thresholds for transformation hardening, melting, and vaporization of steel. Localized transformation hardening of steel was performed at a surface fluence of approximately 20 J/mm[sup 2], which hardened the steel to a depth of nearly 2 mm without melting, thus producing a microstructure that was free of solidification-related defects such as cracking and porosity. Achieving deep localized heat treating of steel to its peak hardness without surface melting and at high surface coverage rates is not possible by conventional directed energy beam processing techniques.
Reconfigurable signal processing ASIC architecture for high speed data communications (2002)

A flexible and reconfigurable signal processing ASIC architecture has been developed, simulated and synthesized. The proposed architecture can be used to realize any one of several functional blocks needed for the physical layer implementation of high speed data communication systems operating at symbol rates over 60 Msamples/sec. In fact, multiple instances of a chip based on this architecture each operating in a different mode can be used to realize the entire physical layer of high speed data communication systems. The architecture features the following modes (functions); real and complex FIR/IIR filtering, least mean square (LMS) based adaptive filtering, Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT), and direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) at up to 60 Msamples/sec. All of the modes are mapped onto a common, regular datapath with minimal configuration logic and routing. Multiple chips operating in the same mode can be cascaded to allow for larger blocks.
Self-assembled metal–organic squares derived from linear templates as exemplified by a polydentate ligand that provides access to both a polygon and polyhedron (2004)

Di- 1a and tetranuclear 1b metal–organic squares have been obtained from bis- and tetra(pyridyl)cyclobutanes synthesized in the solid state, respectively; for 1b, a cyclobutane with two different metal binding subunits supports the formation of a polygon and polyhedron.
Abstract 4860: Exon capture analysis of G-protein coupled receptors reveals activating mutations in GRM3 in melanoma (2012)

Abstract An important feature of cellular signaling involves the activation of plasma membrane-bound receptor complexes via endogenous ligands. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest human gene family, are known to be activated by ligands such as, thrombin, chemokines or glutamate, and have been shown to be important regulators of signaling pathways. Dysregulation via overexpression of diverse GPCRs has been well documented in primary and metastatic tumors cells such as breast, lung, prostate and gastric tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma (1), however, knowledge of their genetic alterations is limited especially in malignant melanoma. Thus, further analysis of this gene family is warranted to determine if GPCR proteins play a role in melanomagenesis. In our current study, we used exon capture and illumina sequencing methods to analyze the mutational status of all the GPCRs in melanoma. This investigation revealed that one family member, GRM3 was frequently mutated in melanoma and that one of its mutations clustered within one position (Glu870Lys). Biochemical analysis of GRM3 alterations revealed that mutant GRM3 selectively regulated the phosphorylation of MEK leading to increased anchorage-independent growth and migration. In vivo studies revealed that overexpression of mutant forms of GRM3 result in increased lung macrometastases; whereas depletion of GRM3 in cells expressing mutant forms of GRM3 resulted in reduced xenograft tumor formation compared to equivalently treated wild type GRM3 cells. Furthermore, melanoma cells expressing mutant forms of GRM3 had reduced cell growth and reduced cellular migration after shRNA-mediated knockdown of GRM3 or treatment with a selective MEK inhibitor, AZD-6244, which is currently being used in phase II clinical trials. Our study yields a comprehensive map of genetic alterations in the GPCR gene family and suggests a potential novel therapeutic target for melanoma patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4860. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4860
Rigorous 3-D coupled wave diffraction analysis of multiple superposed gratings in anisotropic media (1989)

The diffraction by two planar slanted fringe gratings superposed in the same volume of an anisotropic medium is treated using rigorous 3-D vector coupled wave analysis. Arbitrary angle of incidence and polarization are included. Both phase and/or amplitude slanted gratings in anisotropic media are treated in the analysis. The external boundary regions can be either isotropic (for bulk applications) or uniaxial anisotropic (for integrated applications). Both forward- and backward-diffracted orders are characterized by a number pair (i(l),i(2)), where i(l) and i(2) are integers. The Floquet condition is discussed for the case of two superposed gratings. When the external regions are anisotropic, each diffracted order has an ordinary (O), and an extraordinary (E) component. The analysis is also generalized for an arbitrary number of superposed gratings. The numerical complexity is discussed. In the case of equal grating periodicities along the boundaries, the diffracted orders become degenerate in the external regions. In this case, an alternative analysis that utilizes a cascaded stack of unslanted gratings can be used. Limiting cases are also presented. The various Bragg conditions are identified and quantified. Sample calculations presented include the quantification of the crosstalk between two superposed gratings, the evaluation of the effects of coupled Bragg conditions in beam combining applications, design and analysis of a beam splitter and a beam combiner, demonstration of the use of a cascaded stack of unslanted gratings of constant modulation to represent two superposed gratings that have the same periodicity along the boundaries, and finally evaluation of the effect of the phase difference between two gratings. The same analysis applies in the limiting cases of isotropic materials, single slanted gratings, etc. Applications of this analysis include optical storage, optical digital truth table look-up processing, neural nets, optical interconnects, beam splitting, and beam combining.
IETF 6TSCH: Combining IPv6 Connectivity with Industrial Performance (2013)

This document presents a new work called 6TSCH that is starting at the IETF to enable a large IPv6 multi-link subnet with industrial-grade performances of jitter, latency and reliability. The subnet is composed of a high speed powered backbone and a number of IEEE802.15.4e TSCH wireless mesh networks attached and synchronized by specialized Backbone Routers. Route Computation may be achieved in a centralized or in a distributed fashion, and tracks are installed to forward well-known flows with deterministic properties along their multi-hop path.
New Synthetic Approach to the Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Ring System from (+)‐(1R,4R)‐4‐(Benzyloxymethyl)‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent‐2‐enol. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Audio-visual large vocabulary continuous speech recognition in the broadcast domain (1999)

Considers the problem of combining visual cues with audio signals for the purpose of improved automatic machine recognition of speech. Although significant progress has been made in the machine transcription of large-vocabulary continuous speech (LVCSR) over the last few years, the technology to date is most effective only under controlled conditions, such as low noise, speaker-dependent recognition, read speech (as opposed to conversational speech), etc. On the other hand, while augmenting the recognition of speech utterances with visual cues has attracted the attention of researchers over the last couple of years, most efforts in this domain can be considered to be only preliminary in the sense that, unlike LVCSR efforts, tasks have been limited to small vocabularies (e.g. commands, digits) and often to speaker-dependent training or isolated word speech, where word boundaries are artificially well-defined.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The sound of one hand (2002)

Two hundred and fifty years ago the Japanese Zen master Hakuin asked the question, "What is the Sound of the Single Hand?" This koan has long served as an aid to meditation but it also describes our new interaction techinique. We discovered that gentle fingertip gestures such as tapping, rubbing, and flicking make quiet sounds that travel by bone conduction throughout the hand. A small wristband-mounted contact microphone can reliably and inexpensively sense these sounds. We harnessed this "sound in the hand" phenomenon to build a wristband-mounted bio-acoustic fingertip gesture interface. The bio-acoustic interface recognizes some common gestures that state-of-the-art glove and image-processing techniques capture but in a smaller, mobile package.
Toward the ideal synthesis and molecular function through synthesis-informed design (2014)

This Highlight describes factors that contribute to an ideal synthesis, including economies (step, time, atom, solvent, energy) and orientations (target, diversity, safety, function), and the role of synthesis-informed design directed at function in advancing synthesis and its impact on science.
Reducing or eliminating line-end shortening and iso/dense bias by tuning NA and sigma (1998)

As the critical dimension is reduced, the most severe Optical Proximity Effect (OPE) are the Iso/Dense Bias (IDB) and the Line-End Shortening (LES). Before using an automatic software to correct such effects, it can be interesting to find the Numerical Aperture (NA), Filling Factor ((sigma) ) couple which gives the best result in term of reduction of IDB and LES. This study focuses on the behavior of LES and IDB as a function of NA and (sigma) on 0.35 micrometer/I-line and 0.25 micrometer/DUV design rules. On both IDB, and LES, interesting results have been obtained. Results obtained for IDB confirm previously published data and show that it is possible to reduce, in a significant manor, the IDB in conventional illumination mode, by taking a suitable NA, (sigma) couple. Moreover we emphasize in this paper that (sigma) has no significant effect on LES unlike previously published data, and that it is possible to reduce LES to an acceptable level by tuning NA. Regarding the results obtained in this study, it appears to be possible to reduce both IDB and LES by fine tuning NA and (sigma) . Effectiveness of serifs and hammerheads in reducing LES is also discussed.
MEMS technology development and manufacturing in a CMOS foundry (2011)

MEMS technology development and MEMS manufacturing activities at TSMC are presented. Two models for process development, i.e. customer product/process “phase-in” and internally developed “platform” are discussed. The latter is a TSMC-MEMS platform for motion sensors and other devices.
Allosteres to regulate neurotransmitter sulfonation (2018)

Catecholamine neurotransmitter levels in the synapses of the brain shape human disposition-cognitive flexibility, aggression, depression, and reward seeking-and manipulating these levels is a major objective of the pharmaceutical industry. Certain neurotransmitters are extensively sulfonated and inactivated by human sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A3). To our knowledge, sulfonation as a therapeutic means of regulating transmitter activity has not been explored. Here, we describe the discovery of a SULT1A3 allosteric site that can be used to inhibit the enzyme. The structure of the new site is determined using spin-label-triangulation NMR. The site forms a cleft at the edge of a conserved ∼30-residue active-site cap that must open and close during the catalytic cycle. Allosteres anchor into the site via π-stacking interactions with two residues that sandwich the planar core of the allostere and inhibit the enzyme through cap-stabilizing interactions with substituents attached to the core. Changes in cap free energy were calculated <i>ab initio</i> as a function of core substituents and used to design and synthesize a series of inhibitors intended to progressively stabilize the cap and slow turnover. The inhibitors bound tightly (34 nm to 7.4 μm) and exhibited progressive inhibition. The cap-stabilizing effects of the inhibitors were experimentally determined and agreed remarkably well with the theoretical predictions. These studies establish a reliable heuristic for the design of SULT1A3 allosteric inhibitors and demonstrate that the free-energy changes of a small, dynamic loop that is critical for SULT substrate selection and turnover can be calculated accurately.
An investigation of the effect of image size on the color appearance of softcopy reproductions using a contrast matching technique (2007)

Many art objects have a size much larger than their softcopy reproductions. In order to develop a multiscale model that accounts for the effect of image size on image appearance, a digital projector and LCD display were colorimetrically characterized and used in a contrast matching experiment. At three different sizes and three levels of contrast and luminance, a total of 63 images of noise patterns were rendered for both displays using three cosine log filters. Fourteen observers adjusted mean luminance level and contrast of images on the projector screen to match the images displayed on the LCD. The contrasts of the low frequency images on the screen were boosted while their mean luminance values were decreased relative to the smaller LCD images. Conversely, the contrast of projected high frequency images were reduced for the same images on LCD with a smaller size. The effect was more pronounced in the matching of projected image to the smaller images on the LCD display. Compared to the mean luminance level of the LCD images, a reduction of the mean luminance level of the adjusted images was observed for low frequency noise patterns. This decrease was more pronounced for smaller images with lower contrast and high mean luminance level.
Data Centers on Wheels: Emissions From Computing Onboard Autonomous Vehicles (2022)

While much attention has been paid to data centers’ greenhouse gas emissions, less attention has been paid to autonomous vehicles’ (AVs) potential emissions. In this work, we introduce a framework to probabilistically model the emissions from computing onboard a global fleet of AVs and show that the emissions have the potential to make a nonnegligible impact on global emissions, comparable to that of all data centers today. Based on current trends, a widespread AV adoption scenario where approximately 95% of all vehicles are autonomous requires computer power to be less than 1.2 kW for emissions from computing on AVs to be less than emissions from all data centers in 2018 in 90% of modeled scenarios. Anticipating a future scenario with high adoption of AVs, business-as-usual decarbonization, and workloads doubling every three years, hardware efficiency must double every 1.1 years for emissions in 2050 to equal 2018 data center emissions. The rate of increase in hardware efficiency needed in many scenarios to contain emissions is faster than the current rate. We discuss several avenues of future research unique to AVs to further analyze and potentially reduce the carbon footprint of AVs.
Modelling of the RF self-actuation of electrostatic RF-MEMS devices (2004)

This paper presents a study of the self-biasing of RF-MEMS shunt switching devices, and tunable capacitors per extension, taking into account the negative feedback on the electrostatic force introduced by the mismatch. The influence of the RF-power on the DC-actuation is included in the normalised analytical formulas developed for any shunt mismatch (capacitive or not) involving a moving armature. We demonstrate the possibility to overcome the pull-in instability by using the power-actuation and the importance of the mismatch to accurately predict the actuation characteristics. Our model can account for parabolic and close-to-linear dependence between DC-bias and RF-power at pull-in.
High-resolution antibody dynamics of vaccine-induced immune responses (2014)

The adaptive immune system confers protection by generating a diverse repertoire of antibody receptors that are rapidly expanded and contracted in response to specific targets. Next-generation DNA sequencing now provides the opportunity to survey this complex and vast repertoire. In the present work, we describe a set of tools for the analysis of antibody repertoires and their application to elucidating the dynamics of the response to viral vaccination in human volunteers. By analyzing data from 38 separate blood samples across 2 y, we found that the use of the germ-line library of V and J segments is conserved between individuals over time. Surprisingly, there appeared to be no correlation between the use level of a particular VJ combination and degree of expansion. We found the antibody RNA repertoire in each volunteer to be highly dynamic, with each individual displaying qualitatively different response dynamics. By using combinatorial phage display, we screened selected VH genes paired with their corresponding VL library for affinity against the vaccine antigens. Altogether, this work presents an additional set of tools for profiling the human antibody repertoire and demonstrates characterization of the fast repertoire dynamics through time in multiple individuals responding to an immune challenge.
[i]Bifidobacteria[/i] confer protection against NSAID-enteropathy independently of acetate production (2013)

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Feedback-Based Digital Predistorter for Multi-Bit (2011)

This paper proposes a feedback-based digital predistortion technique for multi-bit delta-sigma transmitters. This topology is based on a 3-bit delta-sigma modulator with a look-up table model of the power amplifier in the feedback loop. This feedback-based digital predistortion technique avoids the reverse modeling step found in conventional digital predistortion. Since the feedback loop is fully digitally implemented, the proposed architecture is not limited in terms of bandwidth, as is the case for conventional Cartesian feedback. System-level simulations and measurements have been carried out for evaluation of the performance of the proposed topology. It has been tested using a WiMAX signal, and the signal-to­ noise-and-distor tion ratio of the signal was improved by more than 20 dB and 10 dB in the simulation and measurement scenarios, respectively. Abstract-Feedback, Digital Predistorter, Delta-Sigma, Power Amplifier.
Induction of Bax and activation of caspases during β-sitosterol-mediated apoptosis in human colon cancer cells (2003)

β-sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of β-sitosterol on the growth of HT116 human colon cancer cells. Treatment with β-sitosterol resulted in a dose-dependent growth inhibition coupled with the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis and with the increase of a sub-G1 cell population. Apoptosis-inducing concentrations of β-sitosterol induced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation accompanied by proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. In addition, β-sitosterol-induced apoptosis in HT116 cells was associated with a decreased expression of the anti-apototic Bcl-2 protein and mRNA and a concomitant increase of the pro-apototic Bax protein and mRNA, and with release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. β-sitosterol treatment also inhibited the expression of cIAP-1 without significant changes in the level of cIAP-2. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of β-sitosterol.
Pathologic Findings of Otosclerosis in Korea (2002)

Background and Objectives:Otosclerosis is known to be rare in orientals, but there have been a few reports of the cli- nically suspicious otosclerosis cases in Korea. Confirmation of otosclerosis, in theory, should be done by histopathology. However, for LASER stapedotomy, it is very hard to obtain the tissue to conduct such histopathological study. In this research, we had surgical specimens available for a review of otosclerosis case. We aimed to confirm the pathologic findings of otosclerosis in Koreans, and review their clinical information. Subjects and Method:Among 126 otosclerosis patients who were operated in the Seoul National University Hospital from January 1981 to December 2001, three cases were selected for pathologic evaluation. We used the H & E method for staining. Results:There were positive histologic findings in all three cases. Two typical phases (early spongiotic and late sclerotic of otosclerosis could be observed in specimen. Conclusion:In the pathologic specimen from the patients showing progressive conductive hearing loss, we could confirm otosclerosis. Both early and late phase of otsclerotic foci coexisted in the same specimen. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2002; 45:557-60
Clinical bioinformatics: a new emerging science (2011)

Welcome to the open-access journal titled Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics (JCBi), a truly international journal devoted to clinical applications of bioinformatics, medical informatics and the development of bioinformatics tools, methodologies and approaches for clinical research. JCBi aims to discover how biological and medical informatics can be applied to the development of personalized healthcare, medication and therapies. The field of clinical bioinformatics includes the analysis of human microarray and other omics data, combination of bioinformatics and medical informatics, development of bioinformatics methodologies for clinical research, and human databases. JCBi also aims to establish a scientific channel to translate bioinformatics to clinical and medical application in order to better understand molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapies for human diseases.
Comparison of the ARK Immunoassay With High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Ultraviolet Detection for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Linezolid (2017)

Acceptable analytical performance of the ARK LZD immunoassay has been demonstrated both with spiked QC and patients' samples, making it a viable alternative to HPLC for the therapeutic drug monitoring of LZD in clinical practice in laboratory hospitals that do not have HPLC equipment.