gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integratable High Linearity and High Bandwidth Compact Tapered Photodetector (2006)

We demonstrate a compact, high linearity, tapered photodiode based on the asymmetric twin guide (ATG) architecture. The photodiode has a 1-dB compression current density >2.8 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a bandwidth of (11plusmn1) GHz, a responsivity of (0.30plusmn0.03) A/W, and polarization sensitivity les(1.0plusmn0.5) dB. The tapered shape of the detector reduces space-charge induced nonlinearities at high current density. The linearity current density, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest reported for an integratable, edge-illuminated, polarization-insensitive p-i-n photodetector. The ATG architecture makes the device suitable for monolithic integration with active and passive optical elements such as amplifiers, lasers, modulators, arrayed waveguide gratings, and multimode interference couplers
CD40L-Containing Virus-Like Particle as a Candidate HIV-1 Vaccine Targeting Dendritic Cells (2011)

The central role of dendritic cell (DC) in mounting an immune response to a novel antigen is now well established. We sought to demonstrate the use of a particular vaccine strategy based on directing HIV-1 Gag proteins to DCs in conjunction with an activation signal. CD40L was expressed on the surface of virus-like particles (VLPs) to target HIV-1 Gag antigens to the CD40 receptor on DCs, whereas CD40L-CD40 interaction would also result in cellular activation. Multiple CD40L VLP constructs were made and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, one VLP that expressed CD40L to the highest level showed greatest capacity to activate DCs in vitro. Correspondingly, this CD40L-VLP also proved to be most immunogenic in mice in raising both humoral and cellular responses to HIV-1 Gag. Confirmatory studies were performed to demonstrate the increased immunogenicity of CD40L-VLP is no longer observed when tested in CD40-/- mice. Our findings lend support to the belief that vaccine strategies that both target and activate DCs could yield a superior immune response.
Glass strengthening and patterning methods (2023)

High intensity plasma-arc heat sources, such as a plasma-arc lamp, are used to irradiate glass, glass ceramics and/or ceramic materials to strengthen the glass. The same high intensity plasma-arc heat source may also be used to form a permanent pattern on the glass surface--the pattern being raised above the glass surface and integral with the glass (formed of the same material) by use of, for example, a screen-printed ink composition having been irradiated by the heat source.
Templated Organic and Hybrid Materials for Optoelectronic Applications (2009)

The review highlights different approaches to template organic materials as well as hybrid materials that find or are expected to find application in optoelectronic devices. The first templating approach focuses on the use of preformed nanoporous membranes as templates for organic materials and polymeric materials. Such nanoporous templates can be track-etched membranes, anodic aluminum oxide membranes and other variants thereof, or block copolymer templates. Further, opals have been described as templates. In the second part, we have summarized developments that take advantage of self-assembly processes to pattern hybrid materials. Examples are sol-gel templating techniques using amphiphiles, evaporation-induced self-assembly, lyotropic templating as well as templating from block copolymers. Both routes are very promising templating approaches for optoelectronic materials and represent complementary rather than competing techniques.
A Study of Quality Factor in SAW Resonators for SAW Gyroscope Applications (2020)

This paper is the first to investigate the quality factor (Q) in surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators for SAW gyroscopes (SAWG) applications. This constitutes the first analytical and experimental evaluation of SAW loss mechanisms for orthogonal crystal symmetric Y-cut ±45° direction relative to Z-axis on both Lithium Niobate (LN) and Lithium Niobate on Insulator substrate (LNOI). This study demonstrates the ability to minimize the radiation, diffraction, beam steering and bulk scattering loss while exciting the SAW resonators with extremely thick tungsten electrodes (> 2% of acoustic wavelength), which are required to maximize the SAWG sensitivity. This investigation results in SAW devices exhibiting Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">total</sub> approaching 15,000 and more than 14 × higher than conventional designs. This approach is the first step towards understanding and eliminating the sources of losses in SAWG, enabling the development of a new generation of high-performance MEMS SAW-based gyroscopes with high sensitivity and stability.
Osteocalcin induces chemotaxis, secretion of matrix proteins, and calcium-mediated intracellular signaling in human osteoclast-like cells. (1994)

Osteocalcin, also called Bone Gla Protein (BGP), is the most abundant of the non-collagenous proteins of bone produced by osteoblasts. It consists of a single chain of 46-50 amino acids, according to the species, and contains three vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (GLA), involved in its binding to calcium and hydroxylapatite. Accumulating evidences suggest its involvement in bone remodeling, its physiological role, however, is still unclear. In this study the adhesion properties and the biological effects of osteocalcin on osteoclasts have been analyzed using as an experimental model, human osteoclast-like cells derived from giant cell tumors of bone (GCT). Osteocalcin promoted adhesion and spreading of these cells, triggering the release of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN) and fibronectin (FN), that in turn induced the clustering in focal adhesions of beta 1 and beta 3 integrin chains. Spreading was dependent upon the synthesis of these proteins. In fact, when the cells were incubated in the presence of monensin during the adhesion assay, they still adhered but spreading did not occur, focal adhesions disappeared and BSP, OPN, and FN were accumulated in intracellular granules. Furthermore osteocalcin induced chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner. The action of BGP on osteoclasts was mediated by an intracellular calcium increase due to release from thapsigargin-sensitive stores. These results provide evidences that BGP exerts a role in the resorption process, inducing intracellular signaling, migration and adhesion, followed by synthesis and secretion of endogenous proteins.
An improved strategy to analyse strigolactones in complex sample matrices using UHPLC–MS/MS (2020)

The established method provides efficient strigolactone extraction with aqueous mixtures of less nucleophilic organic solvents from small root tissue and root exudate samples, in combination with rapid single-step pre-concentration. This method improves strigolactone stability and eliminates the co-extraction and signal of matrix-associated contaminants during the final UHPLC-MS/MS analysis with an electrospray interface, which dramatically increases the overall sensitivity of the analysis. We show that the method can be applied to a variety of plant species.
Long-term survival of combined ablation therapy and tremelimumab with or without durvalumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. (2020)

e16689 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has recently been approved for the treatment of patients with Hepatocellular Cancer (HCC). Data on long-term survival is lacking and the predictors of good outcomes are unknown. The combination of locoregional therapies (transarterial chemoembolization or radiofrequency ablation) plus tremelimumab (trem) with or without durvalumab (durva) was studied in patients with advanced HCC. We report the long-term survival and analyze predictors of good response in two trials of immune checkpoint and ablation treatment in advanced HCC. Methods: Adult patients (pts) with pathologically confirmed HCC with advanced or sorafenib refractory disease who satisfied the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the studies (NCT02821754, NCT01853618). They received treatment with trem, 10 mg per kilogram every 4 weeks for six doses followed by 3 monthly infusions (23 pts) or trem 75 mg flat dose every 28 days for four doses and then durva 1500 mg flat dose every 28 days (35 pts). Subtotal radiofrequency or chemoablation was done on day 36. Results: The average overall survival in the 58 pts was 10.1 months (range 0.9 to 74.2 months); 41.6% were alive at 12 months and 5.5 % were alive at 61 months. A select group of patients had exceptional overall survivals up to 67 months. Predictors of improved overall survival included the presence of higher grade immune related (irAEs) (OR 0.235, p = 0.075) and a partial or stable disease response per RECIST. No new late toxic effects were noted during this long term follow up. Conclusions: Impressive overall survival times of up to 68.8 months were observed with ICI and subtotal ablation in patients with advanced HCC; the presence of irAEs and the tumor response per RECIST may be predictive of better overall survivals. To our knowledge this has not been previously reported in the literature. Clinical trial information: NCT02821754,NCT01853618 .
Genome-Wide Gene Amplification during Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells In Vitro (2012)

DNA sequence amplification is a phenomenon that occurs predictably at defined stages during normal development in some organisms. Developmental gene amplification was first described in amphibians during gametogenesis and has not yet been described in humans. To date gene amplification in humans is a hallmark of many tumors. We used array-CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) to discover gene amplifications during in vitro differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Here we report a complex gene amplification pattern two and five days after induction of differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. We identified several amplified genes in neural progenitor cells that are known to be amplified in malignant tumors. There is also a striking overlap of amplified chromosomal regions between differentiating neural progenitor cells and malignant tumor cells derived from astrocytes. Gene amplifications in normal human cells as physiological process has not been reported yet and may bear resemblance to developmental gene amplifications in amphibians and insects.
Hydrophobic Ion-Pairing of Low Molecular Weight Heparin with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (2015)

Purpose: Unfavorable physicochemical properties of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) restrict membrane permeation of this therapeutic macromolecule to paracellular passive diffusion. To augment LMWH flux across biological membranes using contributions of transcellular transport mechanisms, this study explored formation of electrostatically stabilized association complexes via ion-pairing with the lipophilic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Methods: LMWH/CTAB interactions were assessed in acetate buffer, pH 5.0, using molar ratios ranging from 1:0 to1:40. Unbound LMWH was quantified spectrophotometrically at λ=630 nm using the Azure A assay. Dynamic laser light scattering technology was applied to estimate hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of electrostatically stabilized LMWH/CTAB association complexes. Results: Unbound LMWH concentrations significantly decreased from 95.9±2.3% to 14.4±2.6% in the presence of CTAB at a molar ratio of at least 1:30. In parallel, formation of colloidal association complexes was detected exhibiting mean hydrodynamic diameters between 400-500 nm and maximum zeta potential values of +1.85±0.80 mV. Using Job’s continuous variation method, a 1:1 stoichiometry of LMWH/CTAB association complexes in acetate buffer, pH 5.0, was concluded. Benesi-Hildebrand and Scatchard transformations of experimental binding data revealed an estimated formation constant for LMWH/CTAB complexes at pH 5 of 1.1×10 -7 and 1.2×10 -7 L×mol -1 , respectively. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest weak ion-pairing between LMWH and CTAB in acetate buffer, pH 5.0. The slightly positively charged nanocomplex is predicted to access transcellular transport mechanisms more effectively than the highly negatively charged LMWH. As a consequence, electrostatically stabilized LMWH/CTAB association complexes may enhance overall permeation properties of LMWH across biological membranes.
Measurement and analysis of volume of speaking voice in peer instruction (2021)

The Peer Instruction approach developed by Eric Mazur is often applied to a physics class. Reflection and discussion in this method is effective for students to engage deeply with the content during classes. However, some students may be silent during discussion time. In order to investigate a relationship between participation to discussion and learning outcomes, the volume of speaking voice for each student in Peer Instruction was measured in this study. Our study was used to investigate the introductory physics course at Hokkaido Information University. As a result, it was found that approximately 64% of participants in the class talked in discussion and the percentage of correct answers after discussion increased for those students, while the students in silence did not increase so much. This result supports quantitatively the effectiveness of Peer Instruction. However, the existence of silent students raise the problem of why they do not talk. Furthermore, it proposes a question of whether making such students talk is necessary or not.
Morphopipe: Curvature Monitoring of Flexible Risers with MEMS Accelerometers (2015)

This paper presents a MEMS-based solution, called Morphopipe, for 3D curvature monitoring of flexible risers. This is a new advance for the monitoring of such structures, in particular because the sensors are fully embedded. The article proposes a complete description of the system: context, technology, architecture, algorithm and experimentations. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/387
Classification of Smectic Polymorphic Phases (1979)

Abstract Problems concerning the polymorphic smectic phases of the N-4-n-alkoxybenzylidene-4′-n-alkylanilines are reviewed. Literature data and our own experimental results now lead to conclusions concerning the classification of the smectic types involved and to a recommended nomenclature scheme for polymorphic smectic phases in general.
Sequence-dependent synergism between dichloromethotrexate and cisplatin in a human colon carcinoma cell line. (1985)

We studied the cell killing effects of cisplatin (CDDP), 3',5'-dichloromethotrexate (DCM), and different combinations of these drugs in a human colon carcinoma line (HCT-8). Using a clonogenic assay, the ED50 values for DCM were 3, 0.3, and 0.05 microM after 4-, 24-, and 48-hour exposure, respectively, while cell kill induced by CDDP was less time-dependent (ED50 values: 16, 7.8, 3.3, and 2.8 microM after 2-hour, 4-hour, 24-hour, and continuous incubation, respectively). Sequential exposure of these cells to DCM followed by CDDP resulted in synergism at every dose studied. The synergy was maximal with short DCM pretreatment intervals and decreased with increasing lengths of exposure to the antifol. In contrast, simple additive effects were observed when DCM was given together with or following CDDP. Considering the significant hepatic inactivation of both these compounds, our in vitro data encourage the design of clinical protocols with the sequence DCM----CDDP for hepatic arterial infusion treatment of liver metastasis from colon cancer.
Activation and expansion of FoxP3+ Tregs after injury (2008)

Tajima, Goro MD; MacConmara, Malcolm P. MD; O'Leary, Fionnuala MD; Delisle, Adam J. BS; Stallwood, Christopher BS; Mannick, John A. MD, FACS; Kuchroo, Vijay K. PhD; Lederer, James A. PhD Author Information
Investigation of an Unusually Low-Temperature, Microwave-Assisted, Copper-Catalyzed Concurrent Tandem Catalytic Process for the Amidation of Aryl Bromides (2022)

An unusually low-temperature, concurrent tandem catalytic (CTC) process for the amidation of aryl bromides has been investigated. The aryl bromide is first converted to an aryl iodide via halogen exchange and the resulting aryl iodide is then transformed into the aryl amide. Optimized reaction conditions, with an isolated yield of aryl amide of 82%, were identified for the conversion of 4-bromotoluene to 4-(N-methylphenyl)-benzamide: 10 mol % CuI, 20 mol % N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine, 2 equiv of K3PO4, and 1.05 equiv of amide in 1,4-dioxane at 80 °C using microwave heating after 3 h. A copper iodide/diamine ligand system served as a multifunctional catalyst for both steps of the concurrent catalytic process with iodide present in substoichiometric amounts. A preliminary substrate scope study revealed moderate to excellent yields of products corresponding to the cross-coupling of a variety of aryl bromides and amides. Evidence for the amidation reaction proceeding through a CTC mechanism is discussed.
<title>Compact upconverting phosphor detection system for wick assays</title> (1997)

We describe an integrated detection system based on upconverting phosphor particles bound to capture sites on the inside surfaces of rectangular wick capillaries. This deice can be used with either antibody or nucleic acid to detect specific micro-organisms. The system uses a high- power, 980 nm, semiconductor diode laser to illuminate 200 X 300 X 20 micrometers capture surfaces. The rectangular capillary wicks are held in a tray that is inserted into the detection system, positioning the capture surface at the object plane of the optical system. Phosphorescent light emitted from the capture surface is collected by a high numerical aperture microscope objective and directed through a series of filters onto either a CCD camera or a photomultiplier. A combination of band-reject filters attenuates the 980 nm laser excitation light and its harmonic at 490 nm, and a tunable liquid crystal filter provides for rapid scanning from 400 to 750 nm. The data acquisition and control is controlled by a laptop PC with a custom GUI interface developed using LabWindows/CVI. The system can detect a single phosphor particle bound to a capture surface.
PD56-11 ANALYSIS OF METHYLATED DNA MARKERS FOR PREDICTION OF CANCER PROGRESSION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2018)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Therapeutic decisions for prostate cancer (CAP) are often guided by Gleason grade, which is subjective and lacks precision. In discovery and early validation, we identified methylated DNA markers (MDMs) with prognostic association (AUA 2017). We now assess value of novel MDMs in predicting recurrence using archival tissue from an independent group with > 12 years follow-up after radical prostatectomy (RP).
Differential Carbohydrate Recognition of Two GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases with Possible Roles in L-Selectin Ligand Biosynthesis (2000)

Two human GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases, CHST2 and HEC-GlcNAc6ST, have been recently identified as possible contributors to the inflammatory response by virtue of their participation in L-selectin ligand biosynthesis. Selective inhibitors would facilitate their functional elucidation and might provide leads for antiinflammatory therapy. Here we investigate the critical elements of a disaccharide substrate that are required for recognition by CHST2 and HEC-GlcNAc6ST. A panel of disaccharide analogues, bearing modifications to the pyranose rings and aglycon substituents, were synthesized and screened for substrate activity with each enzyme. Both GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases required the 2-N-acetamido and 4-hydroxyl groups of a terminal GlcNAc residue for conversion to product. Both enzymes tolerated modifications to the reducing terminal pyranose. Key differences in recognition of an amide group in the aglycon substituent were observed, providing the basis for future glycomimetic inhibitor design.
Weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 1 dose-escalation study (2009)

New treatment options are required for primary systemic AL amyloidosis (AL). This phase 1 dose-escalation component of a phase 1/2 study in relapsed AL aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bortezomib once weekly (0.7-1.6 mg/m(2); days 1, 8, 15, and 22; 35-day cycles) and twice weekly (0.7-1.3 mg/m(2); days 1, 4, 8, and 11; 21-day cycles) and assess preliminary hematologic responses. Thirty-one patients with relapsed AL were enrolled across 7 cohorts. Dose-limiting toxicity included grade 3 congestive heart failure in 2 patients (1 at once weekly, 1.6 mg/m(2), and 1 at twice weekly, 1.0 mg/m(2)). MTD was not defined for either schedule; the maximum doses of 1.6 mg/m(2) (once weekly) and 1.3 mg/m(2) (twice weekly) are being used in phase 2 evaluation. Most commonly reported toxicities on both schedules included gastrointestinal events, fatigue, and nervous system disorders. Discontinuations and dose reductions for toxicity were reported in 12 and 4 patients, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Hematologic responses occurred in 15 (50%) of 30 evaluable patients, including 6 (20%) complete responses. Median time to first response was 1.2 months. Once-weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib appear generally well tolerated in relapsed AL, with promising hematologic responses. This study is registered with http://ClinicalTrials.Gov under identifier NCT00298766.
Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of an Intracellular Delivery System of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Epitopes That Bypasses Proteasome Processing (2000)

The development of a cell-free synthetic vaccine to induce an effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is an important challenge in T-cell--mediated immunity. Because standard vaccinations with nominal epitopes were found to be only partially effective in vivo, the authors suggest an alternative strategy: the delivery of epitopes directly to the cell cytosol in a proteasome bypass mechanism of processing. Two model peptides, the presentation level on the cell surface of which can be directly assessed, were conjugated via a cross-linker to an internalization peptide derived from an antennapedia homeobox protein. The linker was designed to undergo spontaneous hydrolysis, after which the epitope is subsequently released. The conjugates were shown to enter RMA and P815 cells, where the epitopes were released mainly in cytosol and endogenously loaded on the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to be presented on the cell surface. Concomitant inhibition of proteasome activity by MG132 significantly increased the presentation level of both model peptides, indicating proteasome-independent processing. This phenomenon was exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of the conjugates. Conjugates were emulsified with MG132 in incomplete Freund's adjuvant and injected into mouse footpads. Analysis of the draining lymph nodes indicated an increase in the percentage of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. In vitro cytolytic assays implied significant, albeit moderate, priming only when the proteasome inhibitor was administered with the conjugate. This approach may be useful for the development of efficient synthetic cell-free vaccines.