gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiency enhancement in AG magnetron with transparent cathode (2006)

Summary form only given. Relativistic magnetrons are very powerful and compact sources of high power microwaves. The transparent cathode is a very simple cathode design in which longitudinal strips are removed from a thin walled tubular cathode. This geometry allows the azimuthal electric field of the operating wave, E_, which is responsible for motion of electrons to the anode, to penetrate to the center of the axis. This leads to a large value of E_ in the vicinity of the emission region, thereby providing faster start of oscillations. In addition, because of the presence of the strong azimuthal electric field on any thickness of electron flow, the magnetron efficiency can be increased through a concomitant increase in the applied voltage and magnetic field. Simulations were performed for the parameters of the A6 magnetron using the 3D particle-in-cell code MAGIC with both a transparent cathode and traditional solid cathode for different voltages. Results indicate that the output characteristics (e.g., microwave power, efficiency and time of start of oscillations) of the A6 magnetron were improved with the transparent cathode for any applied voltage. For the case of the solid cathode, concomitantly increasing the applied voltage and magnetic field (to maintain synchronous interaction) ultimately leads to unstable generation and degradation of output characteristics because the E_ field becomes too small on the electron flow in order to capture electrons to the anode. However, for the transparent cathode, the magnetic field range in which the magnetron operated in the desired 2_ mode becomes narrower as the applied voltage increases. This leads to the situation when the 2_ mode appears only during the early part of the simulation and later switches to the undesirable 4_/3 mode for small deviation of the value of the magnetic field from the optimal one. Introducing an external signal equal in frequency to the 2_ mode assists in locking the operating mode to the 2_ mode
Polymer Solar Cells: Ultraflexible Polymer Solar Cells Using Amorphous Zinc−Indium−Tin Oxide Transparent Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 7/2014) (2014)

Polymer solar cells are fabricated on flexible, highly conductive, transparent amorphous zinc indium tin oxide (a-ZITO) electrodes by R. P. H. Chang, T. J. Marks, A. Facchetti and co-workers on page 1098. For two representative active layer donor polymers, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are comparable with those of reference devices using polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The new devices are highly flexible and can be repeatedly bent to a radius of 5 mm without significant PCE reduction.
Integrin α4β1-dependent T Cell Migration Requires Both Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of the α4 Cytoplasmic Domain to Regulate the Reversible Binding of Paxillin (2003)

alpha 4 integrins mediate increased cell migration and decreased cell spreading because the alpha 4 cytoplasmic domain (tail) binds tightly to paxillin, a signaling adaptor protein. Paxillin binding to the alpha 4 tail is blocked by alpha 4 phosphorylation at Ser988. To establish the biological role of alpha 4 phosphorylation, we reconstituted alpha 4-deficient Jurkat T cells with phosphorylation-mimicking (alpha 4(S988D)) or non-phosphorylatable (alpha 4(S988A)) mutants. alpha 4(S988D) disrupted paxillin binding and also inhibited cell migration and promoted cell spreading. In contrast, the non-phosphorylatable alpha 4(S988A) resulted in a further reduction in cell spreading; however, this mutation led to an unexpected suppression of cell migration. The suppression of cell migration by alpha 4(S988A) was ascribable to enhanced alpha 4-paxillin association, because enforced association by an alpha 4-paxillin fusion led to a phenotype similar to that of the non-phosphorylatable alpha 4(S988A) mutant. These data establish that optimal alpha 4-mediated cell migration requires both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the alpha 4 cytoplasmic domain to regulate the reversible binding of paxillin.
Experimentally Based Statistical Forced Response Analysis for Purpose of Impeller Mistuning Identification (2013)

Pennsylvania.He has been with Elliott Group since 1995
Perineuronal Oligodendrocytes Protect against Neuronal Apoptosis through the Production of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase in a Genetic Demyelinating Model (2002)

The genetic demyelinating mouse "twitcher" is a model of the human globoid cell leukodystrophy, caused by galactosylceramidase (GALC) deficiency. Demyelination in the twitcher brain is secondary to apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes (OLs). Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS), a protein expressed in mature OLs, was progressively upregulated in twitcher OLs; whereas expression of OL-associated proteins such as carbonic anhydrase II, myelin basic protein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein was downregulated during demyelination in twitcher brains. The upregulation of L-PGDS was more remarkable in perineuronal OLs than in interfascicular OLs. A larger number of L-PGDS-positive OLs was found in selected fiber tracts of twitcher brains where fewer apoptotic cells were detected. The distribution of L-PGDS-positive OLs was inversely related to the severity of demyelination, as assessed by accumulation of scavenger macrophages. Mice doubly deficient for L-PGDS and GALC disclosed a large number of apoptotic neurons, which were never seen in twitcher brains, in addition to an increased number of apoptotic OLs. A linear positive correlation was observed between the population of L-PGDS-positive OLs in the twitcher brain and the ratio of apoptotic nuclei in the double mutant versus those in the twitcher, suggesting a dose-dependent effect of L-PGDS against apoptosis. These lines of evidence suggest that L-PGDS is an anti-apoptotic molecule protecting neurons and OLs from apoptosis in the twitcher mouse. This is a novel example of OL-neuronal interaction.
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and Volatile Compounds in Chicken Breast Meat Infused with Plant Extracts and Subjected to Electron Beam Irradiation (2006)

The effect of irradiation on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile compounds in raw and cooked nonirradiated and irradiated chicken breast meat infused with green tea and grape seed extracts was investigated. Chicken breast meat was vacuum infused with green tea extract (3,000 ppm), grape seed extract (3,000 ppm), or their combination (at a total of 6,000 ppm), irradiated with an electron beam, and stored at 5 degrees C for 12 d. The targeted irradiation dosage was 3.0 kGy and the average absorbed dosage was 3.12 kGy. Values of TBARS and volatile compound contents of raw and cooked chicken meat were determined during the 12-d storage period. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values ranged from 15.5 to 71.4 mg of malondialdehyde/kg for nonirradiated raw chicken and 17.3 to 80.1 mg of malondialdehyde/kg for irradiated raw chicken. Values for cooked chicken ranged from 31.4 to 386.2 and 38.4 to 504.1 mg of malondialdehyde/kg for nonirradiated and irradiated chicken, respectively. Irradiation increased TBARS and hexanal values of controls and meat infused with plant extracts. Hexanal had the highest intensity of volatiles followed by pentanal and other volatiles. Cooking the samples significantly (P < 0.05) increased the amounts of TBARS and volatiles. Addition of plant extracts decreased the amount of TBARS as well as hexanal and pentanal values. Although irradiation increases lipid oxidation, infusion of chicken meat with plant extracts could reduce lipid oxidation caused by irradiation.
Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology (2023)

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, it is crucial that the host's immune system can adequately detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of these dying cells. Over the years, several well-known chemotherapies have been validated as potent ICD inducers, including (but not limited to) anthracyclines, paclitaxels, and oxaliplatin. Such ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs can serve as important combinatorial partners for anti-cancer immunotherapies against highly immuno-resistant tumors. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical integration of ICD-inducing chemotherapy in the existing immuno-oncological paradigms.
Phase I/II Trial of the Anti-HIV Activity of Mifepristone in HIV-Infected Subjects ACTG 5200 (2020)

Mifepristone is a glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor shown in vitro to have anti-HIV activity and anti-simian immunodeficiency virus activity in a macaque model. A phase I/II trial was performed to assess the drug’s safety and anti-HIV activity.
Supplementary Figure 5 from ICOS Is an Indicator of T-cell–Mediated Response to Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5: Quantification of the relative proportion of Foxp3+ compared to Foxp3- CD4 T cells in the lymph node of mice treated with anti PD-1 antibody. (****: P&lt;0.0001, the data was presented as mean {plus minus} SD, n=5)&lt;/p&gt;
Increased Heat Shock Protein 72 Expression in Celiac Disease (2010)

The increased expression and altered localization of HSP72 in CD indicate that HSP72 should have a role in protection against gliadin-induced cytotoxicity. HSP72 may exert antiapoptotic effect and contribute to preservation of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Moreover, HSP72 as a ligand of TLR2 and TLR4 may promote innate immune responses and warn the cells of the potential injury.
On identifying the causative network of an epidemic (2012)

The history of infections and epidemics holds famous examples where understanding, containing and ultimately treating an outbreak began with understanding its mode of spread. The key question then, is: which network of interactions is the main cause of the spread? And can we determine the causative network without any knowledge of the epidemic, other than the identify of a minuscule subsample of infected nodes? This comes down to understanding the diagnostic power of network information. Specifically, in this paper we consider an epidemic that spreads on one of two networks. At some point in time, we see a small random subsample (perhaps a vanishingly small fraction) of those infected. We derive sufficient conditions two networks must have for this problem to be identifiable. We provide an efficient algorithm that solves the hypothesis testing problem on such graphs, and we characterize a regime in which our algorithm succeeds. Finally, we show that the condition we need for this identifiability property is fairly mild, and in particular, is satisfied by two common graph topologies: the grid, and the Erdös-Renyi graphs.
Transferring Electron Beam Welding Parameters Using the Enhanced Modified Faraday Cup (2007)

A procedure for transferring electron beam welding parameters between different machines using the Enhanced Modified Faraday Cup (EMFC) electron beam diagnostic tool is described. Unlike existing qualitative methods based on the transfer of machine settings, this procedure utilizes quantitative measurements of specific beam parameters, which can be correlated to the size and shape of the welds produced by the different welding machines. As a demonstration of this transfer procedure, a sharply focused 100-kV, 10-mA beam produced on one machine at a work distance of 457 mm is replicated on another machine with a defocused beam at a work distance of 210 mm. Measurements made with this diagnostic tool show that the peak power densities of the resulting beams vary by only 2%, while the beam distribution parameters, which are a measure of the beam width, vary by 4 to 7%. Using these well-characterized beams, autogenous welds with similar shapes and depths were then produced on 304L stainless steel samples. The measured depths of these welds vary by only approximately 8%, thus providing evidence for the utility of the use of this diagnostic tool in the transfer of beam parameters between different machines.
Optimal Data Decoding Strategies for Product-Coded Sequential Media Recording Via Latin Squares (2022)

In sequential media recording, such as found in tape data storage, data are typically accessed by reading signals from the beginning to the end of the recording medium in a streaming mode, which makes it unsuitable for random write accesses. However, sequential media is usually the preferred method for cold data storage in long-term data retention scenarios. In this study, we propose to increase the durability of sequential media by encoding data with locally recoverable codes (LRCs) both within and across different storage units creating a multidimensional product code external to the product code already implemented in the hardware. This way, local LRCs provide protection across the medium, whereas the LRCs spanning across different cartridges will provide global protection, which requires multiple drives and cartridges to help with the local decoding. Since global decoding is extremely costly, we require data allocation strategies that would use library resources efficiently. More specifically, we propose optimal data decoding and allocation strategies that would ensure minimum repair latency/communication cost in a global decoding setting for a given data request when local data reconstruction is not an option. We furthermore conduct analysis to find closed-form expressions and/or bounds on the overall latency/communication cost for product-coded systems under maintenance.
Effect of Adenovirus on Metabolism of Specific Host mRNAs: Transport Control and Specific Translational Discrimination (1983)

We have studied the adenovirus-induced inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and the effect of infection on the overall metabolism of host cell mRNA during the late phase of adenovirus infection by following the fate of a number of cellular mRNAs complementary to specific cloned DNA segments. At a time in infection when the rate of total cellular protein synthesis is drastically (greater than 90%) reduced, transcription of specific cellular genes is undiminished. However, the transport of newly synthesized cellular mRNA to the cytoplasm is greatly decreased. This decreased appearance of new mRNA in the cytoplasm cannot account for the observed cessation of cell specific protein synthesis, however, since the concentration of several preexisting cellular mRNAs, including the mRNA for actin, remains unchanged throughout the course of infection. The preexisting mRNA is intact, capped, and functional as judged by its ability to direct protein synthesis in vitro in a cap-dependent fashion. The interruption in host translation appears to operate at the level of initiation directly, since we find that fewer ribosomes are associated with a given cellular mRNA after infection than before infection. Furthermore, the in vivo inhibition of cellular protein synthesis does not appear to be the result of competition with viral mRNA, since conditions which prevent the efficient initiation of translation of viral mRNA (infection with a viral mutant) do not result in the recovery of cell translation. Thus, it appears that a late adenovirus gene product directly mediates a shutoff of host protein synthesis.
Unanticipated C═C Bonds in Covalent Monolayers on Silicon Revealed by NEXAFS (2009)

Interfaces are crucial to material properties. In the case of covalent organic monolayers on silicon, molecular structure at the interface controls the self-assembly of the monolayers, which in turn influences the optical properties and electrical transport. These properties intrinsically affect their application in biology, tribology, optics, and electronics. We use near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to show that the most basic covalent monolayers formed from 1-alkenes on silicon retain a double bond in one-fifth to two-fifths of the resultant molecules. Unsaturation in the predominantly saturated monolayers will perturb the regular order and affect the dependent properties. The presence of unsaturation in monolayers produced by two different methods also prompts the re-evaluation of other radical-based mechanisms for forming covalent monolayers on silicon.
Stochastic self-consistent second-order Green's function method for correlation energies of large electronic systems (2017)

The second-order Matsubara Green's function method (GF2) is a robust temperature dependent quantum chemistry approach, extending beyond the random-phase approximation. However, till now the scope of GF2 applications was quite limited as they require computer resources which rise steeply with system size. In each step of the self-consistent GF2 calculation there are two parts: the estimation of the self-energy from the previous step's Green's function, and updating the Green's function from the self-energy. The first part formally scales as the fifth power of the system size while the second has a much gentler cubic scaling. Here, we develop a stochastic approach to GF2 (sGF2) which reduces the fifth power scaling of the first step to merely quadratic, leaving the overall sGF2 scaling as cubic. We apply the method to linear hydrogen chains containing up to 1000 electrons, showing that the approach is numerically stable, efficient and accurate. The stochastic errors are very small, of the order of 0.1% or less of the correlation energy for large systems, with only a moderate computational effort. The first iteration of GF2 is an MP2 calculation that is done in linear scaling, hence we obtain an extremely fast stochastic MP2 (sMP2) method as a by-product. While here we consider finite systems with large band gaps where at low temperatures effects are negligible, the sGF2 formalism is temperature dependent and general and can be applied to finite or periodic systems with small gaps at finite temperatures.
Parallel volume rendering for curvilinear volumes (2003)

Presents results of investigations into techniques for volume rendering using parallel processing on a multiple-instruction, multiple-data (MIMD) architecture that has a non-uniform access, shared memory. In particular, two parallel algorithms are given for volume rendering of curvilinear volumes. These two algorithms have been implemented on a BBN TC2000, and their performance has been measured and analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)‐Biotin Derivatives as HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 434K, Optical imaging of the probes' clearance&lt;/p&gt;
Insulin and glucagon receptors in Morris hepatomas of varying growth rates. (1979)

Theodore Roosevelt writes to Charles W. Furlong and confirms receiving the letter and book. He looks forward to reading it. He says that Kermit Roosevelt is encouraging him to go to the Travelers Club in Boston next year. He is pleased that Furlong liked the Roosevelt's foreword.
Distributed and Centralized Approaches for Cooperative Road Traffic Dynamics (2012)

With the advent of new sensing and communication capabilities, vehicles are now seen as moving sensors which stimulate a renewal of traffic management strategies for both network surveillance and control. Indeed, large deployments of intelligent transport systems and more specifically cooperative systems would provide a dynamic and local-based information network, as equipped vehicles are able to disseminate, receive and forward information with the infrastructure and others vehicles thanks to the C2X framework. This appears to be a promising step forward towards more efficient, safe and environmentally oriented traffic management strategies. Methodological challenges arise when dealing with these new communication features. In this paper, we report a research effort dealing with the integration of these new capabilities into traffic models to design cooperative traffic management strategies and demonstrate their benefit on a simple road section. For that, we consider a distributed approach where vehicles can communicate with each other in a given radio interaction range. A linear stability analysis is performed for a given class of car following models. This shows that a distributed cooperative framework can improve traffic flow stability, which is a key to determine whether traffic is likely to enter in congestion or not. The interest of a distributed approach is highlighted and discussed by comparison with a centralized one, which brings up others ways of controlling the traffic flow.
Isoproternenol Increases Vascular Volume Expansion And Urinary Output After a Large Crystalloid Bolus in Healthy Volunteers (2014)

Isoproterenol, a nonselective β-adrenergic agonist, augments vascular volume expansion and eliminates extravascular volume via enhanced diuresis, which may in part be due to enhanced endothelial barrier function.
Construction and Characterization of a Hybrid Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus/Murine Leukemia Virus-Based Retroviral Vector (1998)

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-based vectors are characterized by low titers. In an effort to transfer MMTV-specific regulation of gene expression to a more efficient murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector, we have replaced the complete 3' U3 region of MLV with the complete U3 region of MMTV. Virus titers were not significantly affected by this modification, there was no impairment of reverse transcription and integration, and after infection of cells, the MMTV promoter is duplicated and translocated to the 5' long terminal repeat, resulting in glucocorticoid-regulatable RNA expression.
RCLane: Relay Chain Prediction for Lane Detection (2022)

Lane detection is an important component of many real-world autonomous systems. Despite a wide variety of lane detection approaches have been proposed, reporting steady benchmark improvements over time, lane detection remains a largely unsolved problem. This is because most of the existing lane detection methods either treat the lane detection as a dense prediction or a detection task, few of them consider the unique topologies (Y-shape, Fork-shape, nearly horizontal lane) of the lane markers, which leads to sub-optimal solution. In this paper, we present a new method for lane detection based on relay chain prediction. Specifically, our model predicts a segmentation map to classify the foreground and background region. For each pixel point in the foreground region, we go through the forward branch and backward branch to recover the whole lane. Each branch decodes a transfer map and a distance map to produce the direction moving to the next point, and how many steps to progressively predict a relay station (next point). As such, our model is able to capture the keypoints along the lanes. Despite its simplicity, our strategy allows us to establish new state-of-the-art on four major benchmarks including TuSimple, CULane, CurveLanes and LLAMAS.
ChemInform Abstract: LIQUID‐PHASE‐METHODE ZUR PEPTIDSYNTHESE, STRATEGIE UND EXPERIMENTELLE GRUNDLAGEN (1975)

Abstract Die methodischen und experimentellen Grundlagen dieses Verfahrens werden beschrieben und ein Überblick über die Variationsmöglichkeiten hinsichtlich des jeweiligen Syntheseproblems gegeben.