gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EMG-BASED FATIGUE MEASUREMENTS DURING A DYNAMIC HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE (2001)

Changes in electromyogram (EMG) median frequency during isometric contractions have been used extensively to quantify muscle fatigue in human subjects. Unfortunately, the application of this technique to dynamic high-intensity activities may result in misleading fatigue measurements. This is due, in part, to muscle temperature changes and the documented influence of these changes on the EMG signal. The purpose of this study was to establish an EMG-temperature compensation technique that could correct for muscle temperature changes during the performance of dynamic high-intensity activities. In phase one of this study, the relationship between muscle temperature and EMG median frequency was determined for the Vastus Lateralis muscle (VL). Subjects were 4 healthy males between the ages of 27–42. The muscle was heated with diathermy to a temperature of approximately 40°C. Isometric EMG data were collected during the performance of a non-fatiguing protocol as the muscle cooled (39–34°C). The results revealed a linear relationship between EMG median frequency and muscle temperature (n = 7, mean slope = 2.85 ± 60 Hz/degree Celsius, R2 > .79). This was consistent with previous works. The mean slope was used as a muscle temperature correction factor that quantified the influence of muscle temperature on EMG median frequency. In phase two of this study, the subjects rode a lower extremity ergometer at workloads of 25%, 50%, and 75% of their VO2 max. Dynamic EMG data was collected as the subjects exercised. In addition, isometric EMG and VL intramuscular temperature data were collected at 10-minute intervals. The muscle temperature correction factor established in phase one was used with the measured change in muscle temperature to compensate for the effects of temperature on the EMG median frequency. To date, the successful use of this temperature correction technique with isometric muscle contractions has been demonstrated with some consistency. Efforts are now directed toward improving the performance of this method and extending the temperature correction methodology for use with dynamic EMG data.
T cell-mediated immunity (2006)

T cell-mediated immunity includes priming of naive T cells, effector functions of activated T helpers and CTL, and long-time persistence of memory T cells. Development of an effective immune response requires proper activation of T LYMPHOCYTES by APC in secondary LYMPHOID ORGANS and migration of the responding T cells to the sites of Ag presence in the body. The efficiency of T cell activation in LYMPHOID ORGANS depends on the concentration of an antigenic peptide and affinity of TCR toward the Ag/MHC complex and is facilitated by inflammatory stimuli, co-stimulatory signals, and CYTOKINES. CD8+ naï;ve T cells develop into effector CTL after interaction with APC, while CD4+ naïve T cells differentiate into T helper cells of major T helper types: Th1 (producing IL-2,IFN-γ,TNF-α, and LT-α) or Th2 (producing IL-4,IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13). Absence of inflammatory stimuli may induce insufficient activation of DENDRITIC CELLS resulting in induction of anergy and apoptosis among T cells instead of activation and productive response. This may serve as a mechanism of tolerance to self-Ags. Circulation and extravasation of T LYMPHOCYTES are orchestrated by multiple adhesion receptors whose expression and avidity is modulated by CYTOKINES and chemokines. In the process of mediating effector functions, some activated T cells undergo activation-induced cell death (AICD), while other undergo activated T cell autonomous death after the inflammation wanes, thus terminating the immune response. Only a small population of Ag-specific memory cells remains in LYMPHOID ORGANS and through the tissues for a long time after the immune response is over. When exposed to the Ag a second time, memory cells rapidly aquire and mediate effector functions, thereby preventing spread of pathogenic infection.
Synthesis of hybrid anticancer agents based on kinase and histone deacetylase inhibitors (2014)

A HDAC, kinase inhibitor hybrid, (<italic>Z</italic>)-N1-(3-((1<italic>H</italic>-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-2-oxoindolin-5-yl)-N8-hydroxyoctanediamide, <bold>6</bold>, showed impressive anticancer action in a number of biochemical and cell-based assays.
Quantitative Assessment of the Airway Wall Using Computed Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography (2009)

Ever since the site and nature of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was described by Hogg, Thurlbeck, and Macklem, investigators have been looking for methods to noninvasively measure the airway wall dimensions. Recent advances in computed tomography technology and new computer algorithms have made it possible to visualize and measure the airway wall and lumen without the need for tissue. However, while there is great hope for computed tomographic assessment of airways, it is well known that the spatial resolution does not allow small airways to be visualized and there are still concerns about the sensitivity of these measurements obtained from these airways. Optical coherence tomography is a new bronchoscopic imaging technique that has generated considerable interest because the spatial resolution is much higher than computed tomography. While relatively more invasive than computed tomography, it has the advantage of not exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. This review discusses some of the data surrounding these two imaging techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These imaging techniques are extremely important in the assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because therapy that is designed to modulate the inflammation in airways may be contraindicated in subjects with the emphysema phenotype and visa versa. Therefore, these new imaging techniques are very likely to play a front-line role in the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and will, hopefully, allow clinicians to phenotype individuals, thereby personalizing their treatment.
The delaunay triangulation for accurate three‐dimensional graphic model (1996)

Abstract This paper presents a method to construct the Delaunay triangulation for creating a polygon patch model, which is used as a graphic model for applications such as computer graphics and virtual reality. This method is based on the conventional incremental method to construct the Voronoi diagram, but has two characteristics that are especially suitable for a three‐dimensional geometric modeling. One of these characteristics is that a point can be removed from the mesh. This feature is useful for the interactive modeling application in which points are often removed and moved. The other is that a line, which lies between two points, can be constrained to be an edge of the mesh. This is necessary for creating an accurate three‐dimensional model. Without this feature, the mesh usually obtained has totally different three‐dimensional structure from the real object. A process to apply this method to a radial range image is described as well as the details of this method. Experimental results and evaluation of this method are also shown.
Numerical prediction of the junction-to-fluid thermal resistance of a 2-phase immersion-cooled IBM dual core POWER6 processor (2012)

The numerical model used in development of the CPU cold plates for the water-cooled IBM p575 supercomputer is used in this work to predict the junction-to-fluid performance capabilities of passive 2-phase immersion cooling for the same p575 chip module. Experimentally-determined boiling heat transfer coefficients for a porous copper boiling enhancement coating (BEC) were used as a convective boundary condition applied atop the lid in place of the cold plate and secondary thermal interface. The BEC produces 75% and 1500% increases, respectively, in the critical heat flux (CHF) and peak heat transfer coefficients relative to a smooth surface. Lid thicknesses, 3.75mm<;t<;10mm, were modeled at the peak module power of Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> =158W. A thickness of t=3.75mm eliminated regional dryout of the BEC and yielded the optimal sink-to-fluid thermal resistance based on the lid temperature over the centerline of the chip of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sf</sub> =0.073°C/W, a value consistent with previous measurements based on electric heaters similar in size to the P6 core. The resultant average junction-to-fluid thermal resistance was R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">jf</sub> =0.174°C/W, ~10% lower than the junction-to-water inlet resistance, R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">jw,i</sub> previously modeled for a single water-cooled cold plate used in the production p575. Immersion system level performance was estimated by assuming that 50% of the volume used for heat sinks in an air-cooled version of the p575 node was available for condensation. The analysis showed roughly equivalent performance to the water-cooled node if the same isolated rack water is used to condense the vapor. If facility water is instead used to condense the vapor directly and at the rack scale, pumps and much of the cooling hardware could be eliminated and the facility water temperature could be raised.
Return to Play After Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation of the Capitellum: A Systematic Review (2017)

Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
A single arm, investigator initiated study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravitreal aflibercept injection in subjects with exudative age-related macular degeneration previously treated with ranibizumab or bevacizumab (ASSESS study): 12-month analysis [Corrigendum] (2017)

[This corrects the article on p. 1759 in vol. 9, PMID: 26445522.].
P-Nitrophenol-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate for measurement of maltase activity in human semen. (1978)

Abstract Hitherto, seminal plasma maltase has been measured with maltose as substrate; this method is time consuming and lacks specificity. The use of a synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenol-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, allows accurate and rapid determination of this activity. When maltase is added to the incubation medium (the substrate and reduced glutathione in potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8), maintained at 37 degrees C, hydrolysis of the original substrate to p-nitrophenol goes at a constant rate during 4 h. Under optimal conditions of incubation, the Michaelis constant of the reaction, calculated by the Hanes method, was 2.92 +/- 0.84 (SD) X 10(-3) for six different semen samples. Isomaltase appeared to be absent from seminal plasma. The enzyme is stable to freezing and slow thawing and can be stored for at least 26 days at -80 degrees C. Its molecular weight is 259 000. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (pH 6.8) exerts a noncompetitive inhibition on the enzyme activity. In 68 men 23 to 45 years old, whose semen analyses were normal, the seminal plasma maltase activity was 467 +/- 135 (SD) mU/g of protein. It was generally decreased in patients with infertility disorders.
<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Ink Printer Characterization With Barycentric Subdivision (2016)

Printing with a large number of inks, also called N -ink printing, is a challenging task. The challenges comprise spectral modeling of the printer, color separation, halftoning, and limitations of the amount of inks. Juxtaposed halftoning, a perfectly dot-off-dot halftoning method, has proved to be useful to address some of these challenges. However, for juxtaposed halftones, prediction of colors as a function of ink area coverages has not yet been fully investigated. The goal of this paper is to introduce a spectral prediction model for N -ink juxtaposed-halftone prints. As the area-coverage domain of juxtaposed inks forms a simplex, we propose a cellular subdivision of the area-coverage domain using the barycentric subdivision of simplexes. The barycentric subdivision provides algorithmically straightforward means to design and implement an N -ink color prediction model. Within the subdomain cells, the Yule-Nielsen spectral Neugebauer model is used for the spectral prediction. Our proposed model is highly accurate for prints with a large number of inks while requiring a relatively low number of calibration samples.
Integration of high-gain and high-saturation-power active regions using quantum-well intermixing and offset-quantum-well regrowth (2004)

A novel structure and method for fabricating regions of high and low modal gain on the same chip are reported, which enable diode lasers with maximum efficiency to be monolithically integrated with multiple-section semiconductor optical amplifiers having both high gain and high saturation power. This method uses quantum-well intermixing and an offset-quantum-well regrowth to achieve regions with high and low optical confinement. Fabry-Perot broad-area lasers were used to characterise the material in both regions.
Improved a priori snr estimation in speech enhancement (2017)

In this paper, a modified a priori SNR estimation method with application in speech enhancement is presented. The decision directed (DD) approach for the a priori SNR estimation has been the most popular method due to its ability to eliminate musical noise in speech enhancement. However, a limitation of this method is the slow tracking of speech onsets that generates a transient distortion to the speech. The proposed method modifies the DD a priori SNR estimator by employing an adaptive smoothing factor based on the instan-taneous a posteriori SNR and an adaptive sigmoid function to obtain an improved tracking of speech onsets. Experimental results using several instrumental measures show the ability of the proposed method to preserve weak speech components when compared to two reference methods while maintaining the advantage of the DD approach in eliminating the musical noise.
One-pot selective conversion of furfural into 1,5-pentanediol over a Pd-added Ir–ReOx/SiO2bifunctional catalyst (2013)

One-pot selective conversion of furfural into 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD) was carried out over Pd-added Ir–ReOx/SiO2catalysts through two-step reaction temperatures. The Pd(0.66 wt%)–Ir–ReOx/SiO2catalyst showed the best performance in the production of 1,5-PeD from furfural. The maximum yield of 1,5-PeD was 71.4%. The furfural conversion and yield of 1,5-PeD was almost maintained during four repeated tests when the catalyst was calcined again. The characterization results from TPR, XRD, XANES, EXAFS and FT-IR of adsorbed CO indicated that Pd–Ir–ReOx/SiO2catalysts consisted of ReOx-modified Pd metal particles and ReOx-modified Ir metal particles. The lower-temperature reaction step was very crucial for the total hydrogenation of furfural into a tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol intermediate, which was converted into 1,5-PeD by hydrogenolysis during the high temperature step over the ReOx-modified Ir metal particles.
Latent ultrafast laser-assisted domain inversion in congruent lithium niobate (2007)

A full study of the latent coercive field modification and domain expansion dynamics is reported in the paper. In this investigation a transparent cell was used for the illumination and poling of the crystals which allowed in situ observation of the domain formation (via stress-induced birefringence and electro-optic refractive index contrast at the inverted domain boundaries).
Improved Scheme for Estimating T-CONT Bandwidth Demand in Status Reporting DBA for NG-PON (2009)

A scheme for estimating T-CONT bandwidth demand within NG-PON DBA is proposed and evaluated. It is shown that at high load significant improvements in delay, jitter and bandwidth utilization can be achieved. For light loads the conventional scheme shows better delay performance. However, this may be overcome by controlled over-granting.
Current regulation for surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives using integrated current sensors in low-side switches (2006)

A new synchronous-frame current-regulator configuration for a surface permanent-magnet machine is presented, which utilizes incomplete phase-current measurements from the integrated pilot current sensors to deliver an attractive regulator performance. Since the pilot current sensors are directly integrated into the power switching devices, they provide opportunities to reduce the cost, size, and weight of the three-phase inverters by eliminating the dedicated current sensors in the motor-drive applications. However, a three-phase inverter equipped with these sensors in the three low-side switches cannot measure the complete load-current waveforms, requiring the development of this new current-regulator algorithm. An autotuning method is described that significantly reduces the sensitivity of the regulator to errors in the estimated machine parameters. Experimental results are provided to verify the appealing performance characteristics of the proposed regulator
Towards Handling Unconstrained User Preferences in Dialogue (2021)

A user input to a schema-driven dialogue information navigation system, such as venue search, is typically constrained by the underlying database which restricts the user to specify a predefined set of preferences, or slots, corresponding to the database fields. We envision a more natural information navigation dialogue interface where a user has flexibility to specify unconstrained preferences that may not match a predefined schema. We propose to use information retrieval from unstructured knowledge to identify entities relevant to a user request. We update the Cambridge restaurants database with unstructured knowledge snippets (reviews and information from the web) for each of the restaurants and annotate a set of query-snippet pairs with a relevance label. We use the annotated dataset to train and evaluate snippet relevance classifiers, as a proxy to evaluating recommendation accuracy. We show that with a pretrained transformer model as an encoder, an unsupervised/supervised classifier achieves a weighted F1 of .661/.856.
Preparation of pseudocapacitor electrodes via electrodeposition of polyaniline on nonwoven carbon fiber fabrics (2015)

ABSTRACT Aniline has been polymerized via electrodeposition onto various nonwoven carbon fiber fabric (CFF) substrates for use as a pseudocapacitive electrochemical capacitor. Four types of CFF were initially tested for double layer capacitance before polyaniline deposition, and again for specific capacitance after deposition. A binder‐free CFF was selected for further analysis due to its high capacitance change following PANI deposition (three orders of magnitude). The aniline monomer concentration, deposition potential, and deposition time were varied and resulting materials were characterized using chrono‐potentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The deposition potential range yielding highest capacitance was found to be between 0.744 and 0.777 V. A solution concentration of 0.5 M aniline at a 20 min deposition time resulted in the highest specific capacitance (&gt;80 F/g based on total electrode mass and &gt;300 F/g based on PANI mass) within this study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43315.
Mapping Surface-Plasmon Polaritons and Cavity Modes in Extraordinary Optical Transmission (2011)

Transmission of light through periodic metal films with intensity considerably exceeding that predicted by aperture theory is referred to as extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). The mechanisms responsible for this effect have been investigated intensively during the past decade. Here, we show an elegant method of visualizing the operative physical mechanisms for model resonance systems. By numerically mapping the resonance loci, modal and plasmonic mechanisms emerge clearly with delineated regions of dominance. Thus, the photonic transmission resonances are parametrically correlated with localized electromagnetic fields forming pure surface-plasmon polaritons (SPPs), coexisting plasmonic and cavity-mode (CM) states, and pure CMs. This mapping method renders a consistent picture of the transitions between photonic states in terms of key parameters. It shows how the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> CM seamlessly morphs into the odd SPP mode as the film thickness diminishes. Similarly, the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> mode converts to the even SPP mode. At the intersection of these mode curves, an EOT-free gap forms due to their interaction. On account of a reflection phase shift of a slit-guided mode, an abrupt transition of the resonance loci in the SPP/CM region is observed.
Comparison of the effects of individual symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease co‐existing functional dyspepsia on patients' daily lives: A prospective, observational study (2022)

Abstract Background and Aim Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently also have functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms, which impair their quality of life. However, the magnitude and characteristics of the effects of each symptom on daily life have been unclarified. Using multiple regression analysis, we aimed to clarify these questions. Methods We enrolled 290 patients from 29 institutions across Japan, in this prospective, observational study. Patients responded to three questionnaires (Gastroesophageal Reflux and Dyspepsia Therapeutic Efficacy and Satisfaction Test [GERD‐TEST], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], and 8‐item Short‐Form Health Survey [SF‐8]) before and after 4 weeks of proton pump inhibitor treatment. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted between symptoms such as typical GERD, epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) of FD, and aspects of daily life, namely, level of satisfaction with the daily life of GERD‐TEST, anxiety and depression score of HADS, and physical and mental component summary of SF‐8. Results Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation in all combinations between GERD/FD‐EPS/FD‐PDS symptoms and the nine aspects of daily life. However, multiple regression analysis results deviated from these results, with the most significant effects seen in the PDS‐symptom subscale (SS) on the five aspects of daily life, that is, dissatisfaction with eating, daily life‐SS, anxiety, depression, and mental component summary (MCS) whereas the significant effects in GERD‐SS on five aspects of daily life, that is, dissatisfaction for eating, anxiety, depression, physical component summary, and MCS, disappeared. Conclusion Dealing with co‐existing FD symptoms without overlooking them may be important in the management of GERD.