gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind identification of ARMA models with periodically modulated inputs (2002)

Previous results have pointed out the importance of inducing cyclostationarity at the transmitter for blind identification of FIR communication channels. The paper considers the blind identification problem of an ARMA(p,q) channel, by exploiting the cyclostationarity induced at the transmitter through periodic encoding of the input. It is shown that causal and stable ARMA(p,q) channels can be uniquely identified from the output second-order cyclic statistics, irrespective of the location of channel poles and zeros, and the color of the additive stationary noise, provided that the cyclostationary input has at least q+2 cycles.
Microfluidic Gradient Generation via Focused Travelling Surface Acoustic Waves (F-TSAW) (2013)

We have demonstrated a simple device for generating chemical concentration gradient inside a microfluidic channel via focused travelling surface acoustic waves (F-TSAW). A pair of interdigitated curved electrodes deposited on a piezoelectric substrate generated high frequency (133.3MHz) sound waves, which interacted with the fluid inside the PDMS microchannel to produce acoustic streaming flow. Confluent streams of buffer and stimulant solutions are mixed by the streaming flow in a controlled fashion rendering adjustable gradient generation possible. The chemical concentration gradient profile is controlled by varying the input power to the focusing transducer.
Radiated Noise Dominancy Analysis by Extended Double Pulse Test and Power Device Optimization for Inverter Use (2021)

Conventionally power device characteristics were measured by a double pulse test on half bridge circuit and radiated noise was estimated by analyzing results of switching speed. This conventional method is indirectly effective to consider common and differential mode noise in final products since noise is formed by a combination of impedance on route and higher harmonics by source of signal. However, directly measurable methods for radiated noise from power devices before being assembled into final products are expected to shorten power device development periods for the sake of establishing both of low radiated noise and low losses during conduction and switching. Hence, this paper proposes an extended double pulse test and describes that radiated noise can be also measured at the same time of measuring switching characteristics. Additionally, dominant timing can be separated, whether turn on or turn off with conduction current dependency, after analysis of directly detected radiated noise signal on a conventional half bridge. Using this method, both loss and radiation noise of the switching device can be measured simultaneously and further optimization on IGBT / CSTBT chip structures can be established in short period of time.
In depth analysis of the in vivo toxicity of nanoparticles of porous iron(iii) metal–organic frameworks (2013)

In vivo acute toxicity of high doses of nanoparticles of three different porous iron(III) carboxylate Metal–Organic Frameworks (nanoMOFs) was intravenously investigated in rats by evaluating their distribution, metabolism and excretion. All studied parameters (serum, enzymatic, histological, etc.) are in agreement with a low acute toxicity. The mechanism of degradation and excretion of the nanoMOFs has been evidenced and shows that the nanoparticles are rapidly sequestered by the liver and spleen, then further biodegraded and directly eliminated in urine or feces without metabolization and substantial toxicity.
Induction of apoptosis and regression of spontaneous dog melanoma following in vivo application of synthetic cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor olomoucine (1997)

This case report describes a dog with spontaneous melanoma of the orofacial region which was treated by a synthetic inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, i.e. olomoucine (OC). The drug was applied i.v. in a single dose of 8 mg/kg/day for 7 days in succession. Repeated bioptic examinations of metastatic cervical lymph nodes showed rapid induction of apoptosis in tumor cells as early as on the third day of treatment. Standard clinical and laboratory examinations did not reveal side effects of the therapy. There were no detectable manifestations of myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity. However, transient anemia developed following bleeding from a devitalized tumor mass. For this reason, the dog underwent surgery to minimize tumor load as well as to eliminate the source of bleeding. Two kilograms of primary tumor were extirpated in the course of surgery, including cervical node metastases. Unfortunately, the dog died soon after surgery due to respiratory depression. Histological examinations of the tumor tissue showed marked apoptosis of melanoma cells in both the primary tumor and metastases. The induction of programmed cell death of cancer cells by OC resulted in rapid eradication of at least 68% of the tumor cells. The remaining melanoma cells retained at least equally well in vitro sensitivity to OC as to drugs currently used in clinical practice.
A Scalable Zinc Activation Procedure Using DIBAL-H in a Reformatsky Reaction (2009)

The highly exothermic nature of Reformatsky reagent formation and the reported unpredictability of the induction time for its formation pose challenging problems for scaling up Reformatsky reactions. A zinc-activation procedure using DIBAL-H was developed and investigated using reaction calorimetry along with subsequent parts of the process. This procedure was shown to have important advantages for scale-up relative to previous zinc activation methods, including an immediate start of Reformatsky reagent formation with addition-controlled reaction. Calorimetric analysis was especially useful in specifying quickly a suitable temperature for Reformatsky reagent formation. The process was scaled up successfully.
Wideband sub-Poissonian light generation in light-emitting diodes incorporating a heavily-doped active region (2002)

We investigated the generation of sub-Poissonian light in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in which the active region is heavily doped with Be. The squeezing of the intensity-fluctuation below the full-shot-noise level was observed in a wide frequency range, near-dc to 1.5 GHz. From the noise-suppression spectra, we evaluated the radiative recombination lifetime of electrons in the active region and confirmed that the lifetime is reduced with increasing doping density. The results demonstrate clearly the excellent noise properties as well as the capability of high-speed modulation of the LEDs.
Model Mediated Telemanipulation (2006)

A telemanipulation system allows a human user to manipulate a remote environment using a local interface (master robot) to control a remote (slave) robot. In doing so, it is desirable to provide users with appropriate sensory feedback, most often taking the form of visual and force information. In the presence of communication delays, however, a force feedback telemanipulation system must overcome detrimental effects caused by the delay, both on the quality of feedback to the user and the stability of the control system. For large delays, like those experienced in space telerobotics, the user's perceptive abilities are distorted and challenged by the lag between action and response. With this paper, a user-centered approach is proposed which seeks to simultaneously provide stable master-slave interaction as well as a natural user experience, tolerant of large delays. Rather than directly sending sensory information from the slave robot to the user, the goal is to use this information to create a real-time virtual model of the remote environment, which then serves as the user's interface. Maintaining a dynamic, virtual model locally at the master-side, the user is provided with immediate visual and haptic responses to his/her actions through the master device. At the remote site, the slave robot tracks the user's continuous and natural motion commands, while providing new information needed to update the virtual model. This method abstracts the data transmitted between the sites and creates greater delay tolerance. The basic principles of the approach are demonstrated on a simple one-degree of freedom telerobotic system, with a rigid, stationary slave environment.
Improvement of Internal Quantum Efficiency in 1.55 µm Laser Diodes with InGaP Electron Stopper Layer (1999)

This paper investigates the effect of the conduction band offset energy at the interface between the separate confinement layer (SCL) and the p-cladding on the temperature behavior of InGaAsP lasers emitting at 1.5 µm. The performance of a laser structure incorporating an additional In 0.81 Ga 0.19 P barrier at that interface is compared to that of a regular laser structure. The results are analyzed using a comprehensive simulation software. It is shown that the current leakage at the SCL-p-cladding interface is not the dominant current loss mechanism at room temperature. However, at a higher temperature an additional InGaP electron stopper layer can efficiently reduce the electron leakage current. Finally, our measurements show that above a critical temperature the absorption loss increases dramatically.
DESIGN OF A NEUTRON DETECTOR ARRAY FOR SNM OPTIMIZED BY RADIATION TRANSPORT METHODS (2009)

The research work presented here includes our efforts to develop a useful neutron detection device using He-3 detectors, a standard neutron detection methodology widely used in homeland security applications. The design of a He-3 neutron spectroscopy system, simulated entirely via computational methods, is proposed to resolve the spectra from Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) neutron sources of high interest. We incorporate a unique ability to effectively perform robust large-scale radiation transport simulations for SNM detection, using parallel computing methods. To demonstrate our methodology, we present the optimally detected spectral differences between SNM materials (Plutonium and Uranium), metal and oxide, using ideal filter materials. Specific focus was made to establish the limits of He-3 spectroscopy using ideal filter materials. The proposed design was then determined by replacing ideal filters with real materials, and comparing reaction rates with similar data from the ideal material suite. In our approach, we considered various configurations of moderating and attenuating materials placed around neutron sensitive detectors with a goal of isolating different parts of the neutron spectrum. To accomplish this, neutron transport simulations were performed among a suite of moderators and detectors in a “transport optimized” detector array; this enabled an optimum neutron interactions to facilitate positive detection and characterization of the incident neutrons.
Subject Membership Inference Attacks in Federated Learning (2022)

Privacy attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models often focus on inferring the existence of particular data points in the training data. However, what the adversary really wants to know is if a particular individual's (subject's) data was included during training. In such scenarios, the adversary is more likely to have access to the distribution of a particular subject than actual records. Furthermore, in settings like cross-silo Federated Learning (FL), a subject's data can be embodied by multiple data records that are spread across multiple organizations. Nearly all of the existing private FL literature is dedicated to studying privacy at two granularities -- item-level (individual data records), and user-level (participating user in the federation), neither of which apply to data subjects in cross-silo FL. This insight motivates us to shift our attention from the privacy of data records to the privacy of data subjects, also known as subject-level privacy. We propose two novel black-box attacks for subject membership inference, of which one assumes access to a model after each training round. Using these attacks, we estimate subject membership inference risk on real-world data for single-party models as well as FL scenarios. We find our attacks to be extremely potent, even without access to exact training records, and using the knowledge of membership for a handful of subjects. To better understand the various factors that may influence subject privacy risk in cross-silo FL settings, we systematically generate several hundred synthetic federation configurations, varying properties of the data, model design and training, and the federation itself. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of Differential Privacy in mitigating this threat.
Scaling Zero-Change Photonics: An Active Photonics Platform in a 32 nm Microelectronics SOI CMOS Process (2015)

We demonstrate photonics monolithically integrated in a 32 nm SOI microelectronics process, including grating couplers, tunable filters, and modulators, the first migration of zero-change CMOS photonics moving down the microelectronics technology-node ladder, from the 45 nm node.
Stereospecific synthesis of N-protected statine and its analogues via chiral tetramic acid (1987)

The condensation of a chiral N-protected amino acid with Meldrum's acid in the presence of isopropenyl chloroformate (IPCF) and of 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) has been examined. The cyclisation of the reaction product, by heating in an organic solvent, gave the N-protected tetramic acid derivatives (4a–i) which, after reduction, afforded the corresponding threo-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-2- ones (5a–i). The regioselective alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the N-protected pyrrolidin-2-ones led to enantiomeric pure N- Boc-statine (6a) and its analogues (6b–i) in 40–60% yield from the N-protected amino acids. The corresponding statine methyl esters (7a–i) could also be synthesized in high yield.
DYNAMICS OF ELECTRONICALL Y EXCITED STATES (1983)

The topic of dynamical processes in electronically excited states is far too general for any single review to handle at a depth sufficient to maintain the interest of the cognoscenti. I begin, therefore, by mentioning a few dynamical processes that are not included in this review. Explicitly excluded is the whole issue of photodissociation, its rate and the disposition of energy among the various available degrees offreedom of the products. One of the most interesting and extensively studied photo­ dissociation problems has been that offormaldehyde, which is the honored subject of two chapters in the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry this year : one on the photochemistry, by Moore & Weisshaar, and another dealing with the details of the electronic spectroscopy, by Clouthier & Ramsay. Last year's volume (Volume 33) also constained two extensive reviews in the photodissociation area [Shapiro & Bersohn's review of photodissociation and fragmentation (1), and Greene & Zare's review (2) of photofragment alignment experiments]. It is expected, therefore, that there will be little objection to giving photo dissociation a rest during the following pages while we look at a few other jnteresting phenomena that occur in electronically excited molecules. A second area that is not covered fully is that dealing with excited state phenomena that are intrinsically bimolecular, or collisional in nature. Here, however, the exclusion is not quite so complete, as many experiments performed in condensed phases or in high pressure gases (or with van der Waals clusters) have much to say regarding the nature of entirely
Melody Transcription From Music Audio: Approaches and Evaluation (2007)

Although the process of analyzing an audio recording of a music performance is complex and difficult even for a human listener, there are limited forms of information that may be tractably extracted and yet still enable interesting applications. We discuss melody-roughly, the part a listener might whistle or hum-as one such reduced descriptor of music audio, and consider how to define it, and what use it might be. We go on to describe the results of full-scale evaluations of melody transcription systems conducted in 2004 and 2005, including an overview of the systems submitted, details of how the evaluations were conducted, and a discussion of the results. For our definition of melody, current systems can achieve around 70% correct transcription at the frame level, including distinguishing between the presence or absence of the melody. Melodies transcribed at this level are readily recognizable, and show promise for practical applications
Molecular Plasmonics: Chromophore–Plasmon Coupling and Single-Particle Nanosensors (2008)

This review describes investigations into the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of silver nanoparticles from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. It is divided into two parts: 1) LSPR of silver nanoparticle arrays and its interaction with resonant adsorbates and 2) single-nanoparticle LSPR spectroscopy and sensing of two specific nanoparticle geometries: triangular nanoprisms and nanocubes. Part I addresses the problem of strong coupling between the plasmon resonance of the nanoparticle and the molecular electronic resonances of the adsorbates. In particular, it was shown that the shift in the LSPR wavelength induced by resonant adsorbates binding to nanoparticles is highly dependent upon the relative spectral position of the LSPR to the molecular resonance. This finding was applied to study the electronic structures of resonant adsorbates on metallic nanostructures. Furthermore, an optical nanosensor was designed to study low molecular weight substrate molecule interaction with cytochrome P450 proteins. Part II shows that the LSPR spectra of single nanoparticles are highly sensitive to all details of their geometry. These geometric details play an important role in determining the utility of a nanoparticle as a sensor. It was demonstrated that nanoprisms have a 1 nm per CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> unit greater sensitivity to the binding of molecular adsorbates than truncated tetrahedral arrays despite being five times thinner, suggesting they will be excellent candidates for sensing large biomolecules. It was further shown, for the case of the nanocubes, that the energy of LSPR modes are not simply sensitive to their environments, but that the environment can actually affect the number of modes observed in a nanoparticle's LSPR spectrum. A figure of merit (FOM) has been defined for single-nanoparticle sensors, and the nanocubespsila high-energy peaks were shown to have the highest-value FOM measured to date.
Raman spectroscopy analysis utilized to identify stress induced leakage from power and high speed technologies using deep trench isolation schemes (2017)

Power and Advanced BiCMOS technologies use deep trench architecture to reduce capacitance and leakages that are enhanced by high electric fields and high current applications. In this paper, a power and an advanced BiCMOS technology with deep trench architectures used micro Raman spectroscopy to identify non-uniform stress regions in the circuit. Using this information, architectural changes were implemented to reduce the overall stress and subsequent leakage. In both cases, multiprobe yields were increased due to the reduced circuit leakage.
Direct synthesis and chemical vapor deposition of 2D carbide and nitride MXenes (2023)

Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are a large family of materials actively studied for various applications, especially in the field of energy storage. MXenes are commonly synthesized by etching the layered ternary compounds, called MAX phases. We demonstrate a direct synthetic route for scalable and atom-economic synthesis of MXenes, including compounds that have not been synthesized from MAX phases, by the reactions of metals and metal halides with graphite, methane, or nitrogen. The direct synthesis enables chemical vapor deposition growth of MXene carpets and complex spherulite-like morphologies that form through buckling and release of MXene carpet to expose fresh surface for further reaction. The directly synthesized MXenes showed excellent energy storage capacity for lithium-ion intercalation.
Experimental Demonstration of 100-Gbps Optical DMT Transmission Combined with Mobile Data Signal (2014)

We experimentally demonstrated transmission of optical discrete multi-tone (DMT) signal combined with mobile data signal over 10-km SMF. Combined DMT signal and LTE signal achieved capacity larger than 107Gbps and EVM smaller than 8%, respectively.
Beschleunigung der kardiovaskulaeren MRT mittels paralleler Bildgebung: Grundlagen, praktische Aspekte, klinische Anwendungen und Perspektiven [Acceleration of cardiovascular MRI using parallel imaging: basic principles, practical considerations, clinical applications and future directions] (2006)

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CVMR) imaging has proven to be of clinical value for non-invasive diagnostic imaging of cardiovascular diseases. CVMR requires rapid imaging; however, the speed of conventional MRI is fundamentally limited due to its sequential approach to image acquisition, in which data points are collected one after the other in the presence of sequentially-applied magnetic field gradients and radiofrequency pulses. Parallel MRI uses arrays of radiofrequency coils to acquire multiple data points simultaneously, and thereby to increase imaging speed and efficiency beyond the limits of purely gradient-based approaches. The resulting improvements in imaging speed can be used in various ways, including shortening long examinations, improving spatial resolution and anatomic coverage, improving temporal resolution, enhancing image quality, overcoming physiological constraints, detecting and correcting for physiologic motion, and streamlining work flow. Examples of these strategies will be provided in this review, after some of the fundamentals of parallel imaging methods now in use for cardiovascular MRI are outlined. The emphasis will rest upon basic principles and clinical state-of-the art cardiovascular MRI applications. In addition, practical aspects such as signal-to-noise ratio considerations, tailored parallel imaging protocols and potential artifacts will be discussed, and current trends and future directions will be explored.
Recommendations for the Reporting of Pancreatic Specimens Containing Malignant Tumors (1999)

The Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology has developed recommendations for the surgical pathology report for common malignant tumors. The recommendations for malignant tumors of the pancreas are reported herein.
The Effect of Carbon Activity and Base Gas Compositions for Carbonitriding of SUJ2 Steel (2007)

We have been investigating the nitrogen penetration mechanism into high carbon chromium bearing steel JIS-SUJ2 on carbonitriding processes. In the course of carbonitriding experiments under various conditions and EPMA analyses, the influences of carbon activity and base gas components on nitrogen penetration behavior were examined. As a result, the nitrogen penetration content of steel increased with the decrease of carbon activity and H2 partial pressure, and with the increase of undecomposed NH3 partial pressure. While, the partial pressures of CO and N2 had almost no effect.