gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial of bicalutamide in combination with palbociclib for the treatment of androgen receptor (+) metastatic breast cancer. (2020)

1017 Background: Genome-wide transcriptional analysis has identified a unique subset of androgen receptor (AR) +, estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)- breast cancer (BC). The functional role of AR was confirmed initially in preclinical models demonstrating that androgen-driven growth could be abrogated by antiandrogen therapy. TBCRC011 established the safety and efficacy of inhibiting AR with bicalutamide (B) in patients (pts) with AR+/ER/PR- metastatic BC (MBC) with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 12 weeks (wks) (95% CI, 11–22 wks). In preclinical data, palbociclib (P) has been shown to reduce growth of AR+/ER/PR- MDA-MB-453 BC cells. It has been shown that AR+ triple negative BC (TNBC) expresses a luminal profile and has intact Rb protein, the target of P activity. We conducted this Phase I/II trial of the AR inhibitor B in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor P in pts with AR+/ER/PR/HER2- BC (NCT02605486) to test the hypothesis that androgen blockade, paired with CDK4/6 inhibition would have increased efficacy in pts with androgen-dependent BC. Methods: Postmenopausal pts with AR+ TN MBC defined as IHC ≥ 1% nuclear staining (DAKO, Clone AR441 (5/2016-11/2016) then Ventana AR SP107 (11/2016-6/2018), ECOG ≤2, measurable/non-measurable disease were eligible for enrollment. Any number of prior regimens was permitted. Pts received B 150 mg daily and P 125 mg daily 3 wks on 1 wk off. Pts were evaluated for toxicity every 2-4 wks and for response every 8-12 wks. Primary endpoint: 6 month (mo) PFS. Secondary endpoints: clinical benefit rate, toxicity, correlative studies to better characterize AR+ TNBC. A Simon 2-stage minimax design that discriminates between 6 mo PFS rates of 20% and 40% was used. If ≥ 11/33 pts were PF at 6 mo then B+P would warrant further study. Results: As of 1.1.20 33 pts were enrolled on study with median (med) age 67 (42-79), performance status 0 (0-1). Number of pts with visceral metastases: 20, measurable disease: 22. AR% 1-9: 3, 10-50: 6; 51-100: 24. Med prior lines for MBC: 3 (0-9). Best response: (31 evaluable pts): 11 pts PF at 6mo: 10 SD &gt; 6mo, 1 PR. Med wks on study: 14 (2-101). Toxicity &gt; 10% grade &gt;3 related: Number of pts with leukopenia: 21, neutropenia: 21, lymphocytopenia: 6, thrombocytopenia: 3. One pt with febrile neutropenia. One death due to disease progression within 30 days off study. Conclusions: In this selected subset of pts with AR+ TN MBC, this study met its prespecified endpoint with 11 pts PF at 6 mo on B 150 mg + P 125 mg. B+P has been well tolerated with no unexpected toxicity observed. Clinical trial information: NCT02605486 .
Frequency-Dependent Ultrasonic Stimulation of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microgels in Water (2022)

As a novel stimulus, we use high-frequency ultrasonic waves to provide the required energy for breaking hydrogen bonds between Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and water molecules while the solution temperature is maintained below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT = 32 °C). Ultrasonic waves propagate through the solution and their energy will be absorbed due to the liquid viscosity. The absorbed energy partially leads to the generation of a streaming flow and the rest will be spent to break the hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the microgels collapse and become insoluble in water and agglomerate, resulting in solution turbidity. We use turbidity to quantify the ultrasound energy absorption and show that the acousto-response of PNIPAM microgels is a temporal phenomenon that depends on the duration of the actuation. Increasing the solution concentration leads to a faster turbidity evolution. Furthermore, an increase in ultrasound frequency leads to an increase in the breakage of more hydrogen bonds within a certain time and thus faster turbidity evolution. This is due to the increase in ultrasound energy absorption by liquids at higher frequencies.
Comprehensive evaluation and validation of targeted next-generation sequencing performance in two clinical laboratories (2016)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has led to breakthroughs for genetic and genomic analyses and personalized medicine approaches for many diseases. More and more clinical laboratories are using NGS as a genetic screening tool for providing mutation information that is used to select the best treatment regimens for cancer patients. However, several obstacles prevent the routine implementation of NGS technology into the clinical molecular diagnosis setting: the sophisticated sample preparation process, high cost, time-consuming data analyses, as well as the reproducibility and accuracy of interpretation. To systematically evaluate the performance and quality of targeted NGS cancer panel analyses in clinical laboratories, we performed three different tests: i) laboratory-to-laboratory accuracy test, ii) intra-laboratory precision validation, and iii) limit of detection test, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancer tissue specimens, cell lines and mutation positive DNA. A laboratory-to-laboratory accuracy test performed using 51 samples showed 100% sensitivity and 99.97% specificity. For the intra-laboratory precision test, 100% reproducibility was observed. For the limit of detection test, KRAS mutations from samples diluted from 70 to 2% of mutant allele frequencies were detected correctly. We believe that the present study demonstrated the feasibility of clinical implementation of a targeted NGS cancer panel analysis for personalized medicine.
Hot Electron Physics of Alternating-Current Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices. (1994)

Abstract : The goal of this research program was to elucidate the hot electron physics of ACTFEL devices with particular emphasis on: (1) hot electron transport, (2) defect state hot electron sourcing and trapping, and (3) hot electron-induced ACTFEL aging. Highlights of our research accomplishments are summarized in terms of these three topical categories.
High power linear arrays of 1.9 μm laser diodes (2002)

We describe the development of high-power single-aperture InGaAsP-InP laser diodes at 1.9 /spl mu/m emitting 1 W CW and 2.2 W pulsed optical power. Linear arrays of 10 of these diodes gave 5 W CW and 11 W pulsed optical power. The InGaAs-InGaAsP-InP broadened waveguide (BW) lasers were grown by using a Riber gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) reactor. The structure consists of a two-step undoped confinement heterostructure or waveguide sandwiched between highly doped InP cladding regions. The QWs are composed of compressively strained InGaAs layers.
A 90-nm CMOS device technology with high-speed, general-purpose, and low-leakage transistors for system on chip applications (2003)

A leading edge 90nm bulk CMOS device technology is described in this paper. In this technology, multi Vt and multi gate oxide devices are offered to support low standby power (LP), general-purpose (G or ASIC), and high-speed (HS) system on chip (SoC) applications. High voltage I/O devices are supported using 70/spl Aring/, 50/spl Aring/, and 28/spl Aring/ gate oxide for 3.3V, 2.5V, and 1.5-1.8V interfaces, respectively. The backend architecture is based on nine levels of Cu interconnect with hot black diamond (HBD) low-k dielectric (k<=3.0).
<title>Motion-estimation/motion-compensation hardware architecture for a scene-adaptive algorithm on a single-chip MPEG-2 MP@ML video encoder</title> (1998)

This paper proposes a unique motion estimation and motion compensation (ME/MC) hardware architecture for a scene- adaptive algorithm. The most significant feature is the independence of the two modules for the ME/MC. This enables the encoder to analyze the statistics of a scene before encoding it and to control the whole encoding process adaptively according to the scene. The scene-adaptive controls involve changing various encoding parameters, such as the search area or selection criteria, in the slice cycle or even in the macroblock cycle. The search area of our ME/MC architecture is plus or minus 211.5 horizontally and plus or minus 113.5 vertically by the area hopping method. The architecture is loaded on a single-chip MPEG2 MPML encoder.
High-power high-linearity flip-chip bonded modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (2011)

We demonstrate a flip-chip bonded modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) photodiode with an RF output power of 0.75 W (28.8 dBm) at 15 GHz and OIP3 as high as 59 dBm. The photodiode has a responsivity of 0.7 A/W, 3-dB bandwidth > 15 GHz, and saturation photocurrent > 180 mA at 11 V reverse bias.
SRV ® -Testing of the Tribosystem Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Outside the Engine (2005)

An OEM driven working group started in January 2004 to elaborate the philosophies, concepts and test procedures for testing piston ring and cylinder liner materials as well as engine oils outside the engine using the SRV® test equipment. The different SRV® test philosophies in use by OEMs are compiled. The working group focuses on a.) ASTM sequence VIB (Fuel economy by aging oils), b.) friction and wear in the top dead region under mixed/boundary lubrication, c.) extreme pressure load under under mixed/boundary lubrication and d.) hydrodynamic friction. Tribological test results and precision data are presented.
Consortium Proposal NFDI-MatWerk (2021)

This is the official porposal the NFDI-consortium NFDI-MatWerk submitted to the DFG within the request for funding the project. Visit www.dfg.de/nfdi for more infos on the German National Research Data Infrastructure (Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur - NFDI) initiative. Visit www.nfdi-matwerk.de for last infos about the project NFDI-MatWerk.
Subvalent Group 14 metal compounds. Part 16. Synthesis, crystal structure and characterisation of some β-functionalised-alkyltin(II) complexes, SnR(X){R = C5H4N[C(SiMe3)2]-2; X = R, Cl or N(SiMe3)2} (1993)

Crystalline monomeric alkyltin(II) compounds were prepared using the β-N-functionalised ligand 2-pyridylbis(trimethylsilyl)methyl, C5H4N[C(SiMe3)2]-2 (R): (a) SnR21 from (LiR)2 and SnCl2 or Sn(OC6H3But2-2,6)2(b) SnR(Cl)2 from SnCl2 and SnR2 or ½(LiR)2; and (c) SnR[N(SiMe3)2]3 from Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and ½(LiR)2. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data showed that in each of 1–3 R– behaves as a chelating, C,N-centred ligand, and that the lone pair on tin is stereochemically active. The mean Sn–C [and Sn–NC5H4] bond lengths (Å) are 2.35(2)[2.42(2)] in 1, 2.32(2)[2.27(3)] in 2, and 2.356(8)[2.299(5)] in 3. Variable-temperature multinuclear (1H, 13C, 29Si and 119Sn) NMR spectral data were obtained for 1–3 in [2H8]toluene. These showed that dynamic processes were operative, believed to be Sn–N(C5H4) dissociations, with ΔG‡Tc= 43.5 ± 0.8 for 2 or 42.7 ± 0.8 kJ mol–1 for 3(the coalescence temperature Tc being 220 ± 2 for 2 and 214 ± 2 K for 3); for 3 a further fluxion with ΔG‡Tc= 76.1 ± 0.8 kJ mol–1(Tc= 368 ± 2 K) is attributed to the barrier to rotation about the tin–amide nitrogen bond. Attempts were made to reduce 2[evidence for (SnR)n], and to prepare analogues of GeII and PbII of 1 and 2. A further β-functionalised complex, SnCl(OCBut2CH2PMe2)4, was obtained from SnCl2 and ½2[Li(OCBut2CH2PMe2)]2; there was no evidence for 31P–119Sn coupling, and a plausible structure is [Sn(µ-Cl)(OCBut2CH2PMe2)]2. A similar metathetical reaction between SnCl2 and Sn(OC6H3But2-2,6)2 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) gave 1//m[SnCl(OC6H3But2–2,6)(thf)n]m, whereas SnCl2+ SnR′2[R′= CH(SiMe3)2] yielded SnR′2Cl2+ Sn.
Cytotoxicity ofEnterolobium timbouva Plant Extract andItsIsolated Pure Compounds (2014)

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of the aqueous alcohol extract ofEnterolobium timbouvaleaves as well as its isolated pure compounds. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Ain
Supercritical Water Gasification of Ethanol for Fuel Gas Production (2019)

Abstract Supercritical water gasification of dilute ethanol at the industrial scale promises a sustainable route to bio-syngas production for use in combined cycle power plants. Cost-effective bio-syngas production would reduce reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing waste biomass resources. Continuous supercritical water gasification offers high reactant conversion at short residence times without an added catalyst. The decomposition of ethanol in supercritical water is studied in a continuous reactor at 560 °C, 25 MPa, residence times between 3 and 8 s, and a constant initial ethanol concentration of 8.1 wt%. High-resolution, in-situ Raman spectroscopy facilitates identification of reaction products. Significant yields of H2, CO, and CH4 indicate the dominance of a dehydrogenation reaction pathway at studied conditions, while minor yields of ethane indicate a secondary dehydration reaction pathway. Ethylene yields are virtually nonexistent, indicating rapid hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane at these conditions. Ethanol dehydrogenation to H2, CO, and CH4 results in an overall fuel value upgrade of 84.5 kJ/mol-EtOH. Dehydration of ethanol to ethane results in an overall fuel degradation of −3.8 kJ/mol-EtOH.
Changes in glass consumption in Pergamon (Turkey) from Hellenistic to late Byzantine and Islamic times (2015)

International audience
Noise and Energy Consumption Analysis of SAR and SAR-Pipelined ADCs (2022)

This paper presents a comparison between a successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a 2-stage SAR-pipelined ADC in terms of noise and energy consumption. The goal is to explore the trade offs among both architectures and to determine which topology is more efficient according to a target effective number of bits (ENOB). The SAR-pipelined ADC is implemented with 1-bit redundancy to avoid over-range in the second stage. Non-ideal residue amplifier gains are also taken into account in this analysis. System level simulations demonstrate that to achieve an ENOB higher than 8.5 bits the SAR-pipelined ADC is more efficient than SAR topology, while for ENOBs lower than 8.5 bits the SAR ADC is preferred.
Vertigo (2002)

Combining high performance with low power consumption is becoming one of the primary objectives of processor designs. Instead of relying just on sleep mode for conserving power, an increasing number of processors take advantage of the fact that reducing the clock frequency and corresponding operating voltage of the CPU can yield quadratic decrease in energy use. However, performance reduction can only be beneficial if it is done transparently, without causing the software to miss its deadlines. In this paper, we describe the implementation and performance-setting algorithms used in Vertigo, our power management extensions for Linux. Vertigo makes its decisions automatically, without any application-specific involvement. We describe how a hierarchy of performance-setting algorithms, each specialized for different workload characteristics, can be used for controlling the processor's performance. The algorithms operate independently from one another and can be dynamically configured. As a basis for comparison with conventional algorithms, we contrast measurements made on a Transmeta Crusoe-based computer using its built-in LongRun power manager with Vertigo running on the same system. We show that unlike conventional interval-based algorithms like LongRun, Vertigo is successful at focusing in on a small range of performance levels that are sufficient to meet an application's deadlines. When playing MPEG movies, this behavior translates into a 11%--35% reduction of mean performance level over LongRun, without any negative impact on the framerate. The performance reduction can in turn yield significant power savings.
<title>Long-life fluorescent lamp driver for avionics applications</title> (1997)

Fluorescent backlights used for LCDs provide high efficacy, but at the expense of a strong temperature dependence and unusual electrical load parameters. The selection of drive regime and arc wave form can greatly affect the cathode life. Phosphor life has ben characterized as a function of wall loading and profile by others. The next cause of life reduction is cathode wear, which is addressed. A waveform is described that has been proven to provide long cathode life, both in the field and in ongoing life test. The fundamental tenant of minimizing the peak to RMS ration of the drive waveform has been applied. Additional cathode stress factors are identified, such as warm-up requirements, minimum temperature of operation and determining the critical value for cathode preheat. Types of filament preheat control are discussed, with the advantages and disadvantages of each presented. The second order effects of implementations are discussed. Summary data from an ongoing life test will be presented, indicating that with proper care and careful design, cathodes can easily achieve at least 75,000 hour life.
Kallistatin Ameliorates Influenza Virus Pathogenesis by Inhibition of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 1-Mediated Cleavage of Viral Hemagglutinin (2015)

Proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus by host trypsin-like proteases is required for viral infectivity. Some serine proteases are capable of cleaving influenza virus HA, whereas some serine protease inhibitors (serpins) inhibit the HA cleavage in various cell types. Kallikrein-related peptidase 1 (KLK1, also known as tissue kallikrein) is a widely distributed serine protease. Kallistatin, a serpin synthesized mainly in the liver and rapidly secreted into the circulation, forms complexes with KLK1 and inhibits its activity. Here, we investigated the roles of KLK1 and kallistatin in influenza virus infection. We show that the levels of KLK1 increased, whereas those of kallistatin decreased, in the lungs of mice during influenza virus infection. KLK1 cleaved H1, H2, and H3 HA molecules and consequently enhanced viral production. In contrast, kallistatin inhibited KLK1-mediated HA cleavage and reduced viral production. Cells transduced with the kallistatin gene secreted kallistatin extracellularly, which rendered them more resistant to influenza virus infection. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated kallistatin gene delivery protected mice against lethal influenza virus challenge by reducing the viral load, inflammation, and injury in the lung. Taking the data together, we determined that KLK1 and kallistatin contribute to the pathogenesis of influenza virus by affecting the cleavage of the HA peptide and inflammatory responses. This study provides a proof of principle for the potential therapeutic application of kallistatin or other KLK1 inhibitors for influenza. Since proteolytic activation also enhances the infectivity of some other viruses, kallistatin and other kallikrein inhibitors may be explored as antiviral agents against these viruses.
Indoloindole as a new building block of a hole transport type host for stable operation in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2019)

An organic material for application as a p-type host of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes was newly developed using an indoloindole moiety as a hole transport unit.
An improved depth map estimation algorithm for view synthesis and multiview video coding (2010)

In this paper, an improved algorithm to generate a smooth and accurate depth map for view synthesis and multiview video coding is developed. For each block in the target view, the algorithm first uses epipolar geometry to find its matched block in the reference view, from which an initial depth is obtained using the triangulation method and depth projection. 3D warping is then applied to refine the depth. In addition, a structural similarity and maximum likelihood-based approach is developed to fuse the depth estimations from multiple references. Finally, the depth map is smoothed via segmentation and plane fitting. Compared to existing 3D warping-based depth estimation, the proposed algorithm can achieve up to 4 dB improvement in view synthesis, while requires much fewer bits to encode the depth map. Experimental results in multiview video coding show that the proposed method can outperform the H.264 JMVC software by more than 1 dB.
Target margins for random geometrical treatment uncertainties in conformal radiotherapy (1996)

In this study we investigate a method for positioning the margin required around the clinical target volume (CTV) to account for the random geometrical treatment uncertainties during conformal radiotherapy. These uncertainties are introduced by patient setup errors and CTV motion within the patient. Three-dimensional dose distributions are calculated for two four-field box techniques and a three-field technique, using rectangular fields. In addition, dose calculations are performed for four prostate cases, treated with a three-field conformal technique. The effects of random rotational and translational deviations on the delivered dose are described as a convolution of the "static" dose with the distribution of the deviations. For the rectangular field techniques, these convolutions are performed with a range of standard deviations (SDs) of the distribution of random translations (0-7 mm in the three directions) and rotations (0 degree-5 degrees around the main axes). Two centers of rotation are considered: the isocenter and a position that is 3.5 cm shifted with respect to the isocenter. For the prostate cases, the random deviations are estimated by combining the results from organ motion and setup accuracy studies. The required margin is defined as the change in the position of the static 95% isodose surface by the convolution and it is approximated by a morphological erosion operator, applied to the static 95% isodose surface. When the center of rotation coincides with the isocenter the change in the position of the static 95% isodose surface can accurately be described by an erosion operator. For the rectangular field techniques, the margin is equal to about 0.7 SD of the distribution of translations, independent of the distribution of rotations. When the center of rotation does not coincide with the isocenter and rotations are considerable, the margin is strongly place dependent, and the accuracy of the approximation by an erosion operator is much lower. In conclusion, margins for random uncertainties can be approximated by a dilation operator (inverse of an erosion operator) when the center of rotational deviations coincides with the isocenter. The size of the margin is about 0.7 SD of the distribution of translations. When rotational deviations are present and the center of rotation does not coincide with the isocenter, the margin can become strongly place dependent and the convolution computation should be incorporated in the planning system.
Gas sensor based on defective graphene/pristine graphene hybrid towards high sensitivity detection of NO2 (2019)

We propose an approach to improve the performance of graphene-based gas sensors by the integration of defective graphene with pristine graphene. The defect density of defective graphene is controlled by the fluence of Si+ implantation, and an H2 etching process is utilized to tune defect size. As defects are able to adsorb target gas efficiently, the response of graphene-based sensors was improved remarkably with the controllable defect density. The response sensitivity of a defective-graphene-based sensor to concentrations of NO2 at 100 ppm can be as high as 248%, 13 times higher than that of a sensor built using pristine graphene. In addition, defective-graphene-based sensors exhibit high response and recovery rates at room temperature, which is comparable to those of pristine graphene-based sensors and faster than conventional defect-decorated graphene sensors. Most importantly, defective-graphene-based gas sensors exhibit excellent reproducibility, stability, and selectivity. Our study suggests a simple and effective strategy for the mass production of high-performance graphene-based gas sensors for NO2 gas detection.