gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid approach to modeling metabolic systems using a genetic algorithm and simplex method (1998)

One of the main obstacles in applying genetic algorithms (GA's) to complex problems has been the high computational cost due to their slow convergence rate. We encountered such a difficulty in our attempt to use the classical GA for estimating parameters of a metabolic model. To alleviate this difficulty, we developed a hybrid approach that combines a GA with a stochastic variant of the simplex method in function optimization. Our motivation for developing the stochastic simplex method is to introduce a cost-effective exploration component into the conventional simplex method. In an attempt to make effective use of the simplex operation in a hybrid GA framework, we used an elite-based hybrid architecture that applies one simplex step to a top portion of the ranked population. We compared our approach with five alternative optimization techniques including a simplex-GA hybrid independently developed by Renders-Bersini (R-B) and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA). Our empirical evaluations showed that our hybrid approach for the metabolic modeling problem outperformed all other techniques in terms of accuracy and convergence rate. We used two additional function optimization problems to compare our approach with the five alternative methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxometalate Diphosphate Complexes. Folded Macrocyclic Dodecatungstates, ((O3PXPO3)4W12O36)16‐ (X: O, CH2). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dual inhibition of protein kinase C and p53-MDM2 or PKC and mTORC1 are novel efficient therapeutic approaches for uveal melanoma (2016)

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer of the eye in adults. Many UM patients develop metastases for which no curative treatment has been identified. Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently needed. UM is characterized by mutations in the genes GNAQ and GNA11 which activate the PKC pathway, leading to the use of PKC inhibitors as a rational strategy to treat UM tumors. Encouraging clinical activity has been noted in UM patients treated with PKC inhibitors. However, it is likely that curative treatment regimens will require a combination of targeted therapeutic agents. Employing a large panel of UM patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs), several PKC inhibitor-based combinations were tested in vivo using the PKC inhibitor AEB071. The most promising approaches were further investigated in vitro using our unique panel of UM cell lines. When combined with AEB071, the two agents CGM097 (p53-MDM2 inhibitor) and RAD001 (mTORC1 inhibitor) demonstrated greater activity than single agents, with tumor regression observed in several UM PDXs. Follow-up studies in UM cell lines on these two drug associations confirmed their combination activity and ability to induce cell death. While no effective treatment currently exists for metastatic uveal melanoma, we have discovered using our unique panel of preclinical models that combinations between PKC/mTOR inhibitors and PKC/p53-MDM2 inhibitors are two novel and very effective therapeutic approaches for this disease. Together, our study reveals that combining PKC and p53-MDM2 or mTORC1 inhibitors may provide significant clinical benefit for UM patients.
The Effects of Task Irrelevant Images on Glance Time for In-vehicle Systems (2015)

The goal of the present study was to understand how buttons and images affect glance times for in-vehicle tasks. Search tasks that simulated in-vehicle tasks (e.g., radio tuning, navigation) were used to measure these effects. Participants across various age groups were required to select an item (e.g., “Mango”) on each screen that matched a category of items (e.g., “Fruit) that was given at the beginning of the task. For example, a category of “fruit” would have targets of “strawberry” or “mango.” Glance times were collected for each screen to analyze the effects of the number of buttons and presence of images on the display. Additionally, the image detail was varied by using a generic graphic (e.g., polygons) and a photographic image. A regression model showed that the image variable resulted in a small improvement to the “number of buttons” model (∆R2 = .005) but adding the “level of detail” variable (i.e., polygons or photograph) did not. However, the significant effect of images reflected a decrease from the condition with no images. Further analysis showed that the screens with the images had similar variability to the ones without. These results suggest that the effects of task irrelevant images are measurable and should be thought of as similar to other interface elements. Additionally, there does not appear to be a quality in images that causes higher glance time over and above other interface elements. The implications for distraction policy are discussed.
Electrode influence on the charge transport through SrTiO3 thin films (1995)

The influence of the electrodes on the dielectric behavior and especially on the leakage behavior of SrTiO3 thin films was investigated by impedance analysis. Based on measurements on thin films with different electrode materials the work function of these materials was found to determine the leakage currents. The main conduction mechanism is thermionic emission of electrons from the cathode into the SrTiO3 thin film. The current–voltage characteristics are influenced by the Schottky effect.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 33rd European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC 2007) (2008)

This issue includes a total of 16 analog/RF papers and four digital papers. The papers are briefly introduced here.
Drop impact reliability of MEMS inertial sensors with membrane suspensions for mobile phones (2012)

MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes enable new functions for portable electronics such as smartphones and tablet computers. Membrane suspensions are suitable for the inertial sensors using piezoelectric or piezoresistive effect, but they are susceptible to be damaged by drop impact. In this paper, system-level drop impact reliability was investigated for MEMS inertial sensors with membrane suspensions. Drop tests of the sensor modules mounted on mobile phone mockups were performed to observe effects of package parameters and impact orientation. After repeated drop tests, almost all membranes were broken while the failures could not be expected from component-level simulation. Therefore, a failure mechanism due to membrane buckling was suggested from system-level simulation and correlated with the drop test results. Based on the failure mechanism, new stopper design was applied and the drop impact failure was completely eliminated.
Evaluation of Aniseikonia in Patients with Successfully Treated Anisometropic Amblyopia Using Spatial Aniseikonia Test (2023)

Anisometropic amblyopia is decreased visual acuity in one eye, and treatment consists of wearing complete corrective spectacles. Aniseikonia occurs with complete correction of anisometropia using spectacles. Aniseikonia has been ignored when treating pediatric anisometropic amblyopia because of the prevailing belief that anisometropic symptoms are suppressed by adaptation. However, the conventional direct comparison method for evaluating aniseikonia significantly underestimates the degree of aniseikonia. This study investigated whether the adaptation occurs due to long-term anisometropic amblyopia treatment in patients who have had successful amblyopia treatment using a spatial aniseikonia test with high accuracy and repeatability compared with the conventional direct comparison method. The amount of aniseikonia was not significantly different between the patients with successful amblyopia treatment and individuals with anisometropia without a history of amblyopia. In both groups, the aniseikonia per 1.00 D of anisometropia and the aniseikonia per 1.00 mm of aniso-axial length were comparable. The repeatability of the amount of aniseikonia using the spatial aniseikonia test did not differ significantly between the two groups, indicating a high degree of agreement. These findings suggest that aniseikonia is not adapted to amblyopia treatment and that aniseikonia increases as the difference between spherical equivalent and axial length increases.
Lincosamide Antibacterials (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mechanism of Action Antibacterial Spectrum Resistance Pseudomembranous Colitis Next-Generation Lincosamides Conclusions
Tour the world (2009)

We present a technical demonstration of a world-scale touristic landmark recognition engine. To build such an engine, we leverage ~21.4 million images, from photo sharing websites and Google Image Search, and around two thousand web articles to mine the landmark names and learn the visual models. The landmark recognition engine incorporates 5312 landmarks from 1259 cities in 144 countries. This demonstration gives three exhibits: (1) a live landmark recognition engine that can visually recognize landmarks in a given image; (2) an interactive navigation tool showing landmarks on Google Earth; and (3) sample visual clusters (landmark model images) and a list of 1000 randomly selected landmarks from our recognition engine with their iconic images.
Data from CD16<sup>+</sup>NKG2A<sup>high</sup> Natural Killer Cells Infiltrate Breast Cancer–Draining Lymph Nodes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TD-LNs) are the first site of metastasis of breast cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells that infiltrate TD-LNs [including noninvaded (NI) or metastatic (M)-LNs from breast cancer patients] and NK cells from healthy donor (HD)-LNs were characterized, and their phenotype analyzed by flow cytometry. Low percentages of tumor cells invaded M-LNs, and these cells expressed ULBP2 and HLA class I molecules. Although NK cells from paired NI and M-LNs were similar, they expressed different markers compared with HD-LN NK cells. Compared with HD-LNs, TD-LN NK cells expressed activating DNAM-1, NKG2C and inhibitory NKG2A receptors, and exhibited elevated CXCR3 expression. CD16, NKG2A, and NKp46 expression were shown to be increased in stage IIIA breast cancer patients. TD-LNs contained a large proportion of activated CD56&lt;sup&gt;bright&lt;/sup&gt;CD16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; NK cells with high expression of NKG2A. We also showed that a subset of LN NK cells expressed PD-1, expression of which was correlated with NKp30 and NKG2C expression. LN NK cell activation status was evaluated by degranulation potential and lytic capacity toward breast cancer cells. NK cells from TD-LNs degranulated after coculture with breast cancer cell lines. Cytokine-activated TD-LN NK cells exerted greater lysis of breast cancer cell lines than HD-LN NK cells and preferentially lysed the HLA class I&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt; MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. TD-LNs from breast cancer patients, thus, contained activated lytic NK cells. The expression of inhibitory receptor NKG2A and checkpoint PD-1 by NK cells infiltrating breast cancer–draining LNs supports their potential as targets for immunotherapies using anti-NKG2A and/or anti–PD-1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photonic metamaterials (2008)

The invention of metamaterials prompts reconsideration of a number of fundamental physical phenomena and enables a variety of unique properties and functionalities. These include negative refractive index, magnetism at optical frequencies, sub-wavelength resolution, ``backward'' phase matching conditions for nonlinear optical processes, and even rendering objects invisible – cloaking. In this brief review, recent progress in basic theory, design, fabrication, characterization, and potential applications of optical metamaterials is discussed.
Compressive Sensing-Based Radar Imaging and Subcarrier Allocation for Joint MIMO OFDM Radar and Communication System (2021)

In this paper, a joint multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO OFDM) radar and communication (RadCom) system is proposed, in which orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms carrying data to be transmitted to the information receiver are exploited to get high-resolution radar images at the RadCom platform. Specifically, to get two-dimensional (i.e., range and azimuth angle) radar images with high resolution, a compressive sensing-based imaging algorithm is proposed that is applicable to the signal received through multiple receive antennas. Because both the radar imaging performance (i.e., the mean square error of the radar image) and the communication performance (i.e., the achievable rate) are affected by the subcarrier allocation across multiple transmit antennas, by analyzing both radar imaging and communication performances, we also propose a subcarrier allocation strategy such that a high achievable rate is obtained without sacrificing the radar imaging performance.
Inhibition of Glycolysis Modifies Distinctive Metabolic and Immune Pathways Across Multiple Tissue Compartments Associated with B and T Follicular Helper Cells (2022)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common form of lupus; however, only one new drug was approved for SLE in the last 60 years. Inhibition of glycolysis via 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), a competitive inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate, has recently shown efficacy in attenuating tumor growth and reducing autoimmune pathology; however, the mechanism of this efficacy is somewhat unclear. To elucidate how 2DG longitudinally modulates pathways within the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), BXSB.YaaIL15−/−,CD8−/− mice, an SLE model, were treated orally with 2DG for 96-hours or 4-weeks, after which the transcriptional profiles of 9 tissues (heart, hippocampus, hypothalamus, kidney, liver, prefrontal cortex, skeletal muscle, small intestine, and spleen) were analyzed using unsupervised clustering and weighted gene correlation network analysis. Principal component analysis showed mice clustered by tissue. Tissues correlated to B cells and T follicular helper cells grouped together according to their summary gene expression for modules treatment or treatment, in a time dependent manner, and three pathway groups, transcription, immune, and glucose, emerged. However, within each tissue cluster, pathways for each module were uniquely altered by treatment or treatment, in a time dependent manner, according to ANOVA. Furthermore, while most pathways identified were grouped into either immune or metabolic, there was little overlap of specific pathways identified between tissues. These results show that 2DG has a systemic impact altering immune and metabolic pathways, but in a tissue-specific manner. Ongoing work includes identifying genes that are potentially central to pathway alterations for follow-up analysis. Supported by the AAI Intersect Fellowship
Scalable Channel Access Optimized Cross Layer Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2016)

In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) multicast protocols are tightly coupled with association of nodes-channel ratio which leads to non-interference or low-interference communication. It is purely based on the linear and sequential approach to solve the channel assignment unicast routing or multicast routing as two disjoint sub-problems. To overcome this, heuristic routing planner for exposure calculation and non-interference greedy optimized routing is designed by using genetic operator. The main focus of this study is genetic based cross layer optimization of relay selection for both unicast and multicast communication. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme exhibits high performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, bandwidth utilization, throughput and delay when compared to Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Multicast Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (MAODV).
Patternista: learning element style compatibility and spatial composition for ring-based layout decoration (2016)

Creating aesthetically pleasing decorations for daily objects is a task that requires deep understanding of multiple aspects of object decoration, including color, composition and element compatibility. A designer needs a unique aesthetic style to create artworks that stand out. Although specific subproblems have been studied before, the overall problem of design recommendation and synthesis is still relatively unexplored. In this paper, we propose a flexible data-driven framework to jointly consider two aspects of this design problem: style compatibility and spatial composition. We introduce a ring-based layout model capable of capturing decorative compositions for objects like plates, vases and pots. Our layout representation allows the use of the hidden Markov models (HMM's) technique to make intelligent design suggestions for each region of a target object in a sequential fashion. We conducted both quantitative and qualitative experiments to evaluate the framework and obtained favorable results.
Improved peak shaving in grid-connected domestic power systems combining photovoltaic generation, battery storage, and V2G-capable electric vehicle (2016)

Strategic use of domestic battery storage in households with a V2G-capable electric vehicle and photovoltaic generation is shown to be capable of shaving the peak loading on the electricity distribution grid under realistic operating conditions by up to 37%. The additional degree of freedom provided by combining the EV and domestic storage is shown to enable additional reductions in peak grid load. A smart control algorithm is described for coordinating the system components to reduce peak grid load and improve power quality.
Revisiting PC1/3 Mutants: Dominant-Negative Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Retained Mutants (2015)

Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), encoded by the gene PCSK1, is critical for peptide hormone synthesis. An increasing number of studies have shown that inactivating mutations in PCSK1 are correlated with endocrine pathologies ranging from intestinal dysfunction to morbid obesity, whereas the common nonsynonymous polymorphisms rs6232 (N221D) and rs6234-rs6235 (Q665E-S690T) are highly associated with obesity risk. In this report, we revisited the biochemical and cellular properties of PC1/3 variants in the context of a wild-type PC1/3 background instead of the S357G hypermorph background used for all previous studies. In the wild-type background the PC1/3 N221D variant exhibited 30% lower enzymatic activity in a fluorogenic assay than wild-type PC1/3; this inhibition was greater than that detected in an equivalent experiment using the PC1/3 S357G background. A PC1/3 variant with the linked carboxyl-terminal polymorphisms Q665E-S690T did not show this difference. We also analyzed the biochemical properties of 2 PC1/3 mutants, G209R and G593R, which are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and studied their effects on wild-type PC1/3. The expression of ER-retained mutants induced ER stress markers and also resulted in dominant-negative blockade of wild-type PC1/3 prodomain cleavage and decreased expression of wild-type PC1/3, suggesting facilitation of the entry of wild-type protein to a degradative proteasomal pathway. Dominant-negative effects of PC1/3 mutations on the expression and maturation of wild-type protein, with consequential effects on PC1/3 availability, add a new element which must be considered in population and clinical studies of this gene.
Double-layered fiber for lightweight flexible clothing providing shielding from low-dose natural radiation (2021)

Natural and medical radiation are the most frequent sources of daily low-dose radiation exposure for the general public, but these radiation levels are generally acceptable. Among various occupations, aviation crew members and medical workers are exposed to high levels of radiation from scattered rays. This study focused on developing clothing for shielding aviation crew members from natural radiation during air travel. Materials were selected considering their radiation-shielding properties. A tungsten double-layered composite yarn and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber fabric containing BaSO<sub>4</sub> were manufactured. The characteristics and shielding performances of the products were analyzed. Prototypes of a protective scarf (for shielding the thyroid gland) and apron (for shielding the torso) for flight attendants were produced. A lightweight fabric was produced that neither restricts the movement of the wearer nor causes them skin discomfort. The shielding performances of the tungsten composite and PET fiber fabrics containing BaSO<sub>4</sub> were 0.018 mmPb and 0.03 mmPb, respectively, demonstrating low-dose shielding that may be useful for protecting aviation crew members from scattered rays. The characteristics of the developed fibers are comparable to those of materials used in clothing production; therefore, low-dose radiation-shielding clothing could be manufactured for use in aviation, medical, and other industries.
Establishing a hemoglobin correction for 129Xe gas exchange MRI (2023)

Hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas MRI provides a spatially resolved method of monitoring gas exchange function in the lungs via 3D reconstruction of RBC/gas and barrier/gas signals. However, the strength of these signals is affected by patient hemoglobin concentration (Hgb). Thus, correcting for Hgb is important for establishing normative healthy reference distributions and accurately assessing the degree of gas exchange impairment. Here, we use a 1D physical diffusion model to establish Hgb-dependent correction factors to standardize gas exchange MRI relative to a fixed Hgb value. This correction can result in substantial changes in the visualization and quantification of gas exchange MRI.
Experimental Study on the Flow Regimes and Pressure Gradients of Air-Oil-Water Three-Phase Flow in Horizontal Pipes (2014)

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the flow regimes and pressure gradients of air-oil-water three-phase flows in 2.25 ID horizontal pipe at different flow conditions. The effects of water cuts, liquid and gas velocities on flow patterns and pressure gradients have been studied. The experiments have been conducted at 20 °C using low viscosity Safrasol D80 oil, tap water and air. Superficial water and oil velocities were varied from 0.3 m/s to 3 m/s and air velocity varied from 0.29 m/s to 52.5 m/s to cover wide range of flow patterns. The experiments were performed for 10% to 90% water cuts. The flow patterns were observed and recorded using high speed video camera while the pressure drops were measured using pressure transducers and U-tube manometers. The flow patterns show strong dependence on water fraction, gas velocities, and liquid velocities. The observed flow patterns are stratified (smooth and wavy), elongated bubble, slug, dispersed bubble, and annular flow patterns. The pressure gradients have been found to increase with the increase in gas flow rates. Also, for a given superficial gas velocity, the pressure gradients increased with the increase in the superficial liquid velocity. The pressure gradient first increases and then decreases with increasing water cut. In general, phase inversion was observed with increase in the water cut. The experimental results have been compared with the existing unified Model and a good agreement has been noticed.