gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Advanced Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Concepts: Part 2 (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The development of diesel powered passenger cars is driven by the enhanced emission legislation. To fulfill the future emission limits there is a need for advanced aftertreatment devices. A comprehensive study was carried out focusing on the improvement of the DOC as one part of these systems, concerning high HC/CO conversion rates, low temperature light-off behaviour and high temperature aging stability, respectively. The first part of this study was published in [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Further evaluations using a high temperature DPF aging were carried out for the introduced systems. Again the substrate geometry and the catalytic coating were varied. The results from engine as well as vehicle tests show advantages in a highly systematic context by changing either geometrical or chemical factors. These results enable further improvement for the design of the exhaust system to pass the demanding emission legislation for high performance diesel powered passenger cars.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Introduction of a DOC technology with partial exchange of Pt by Pd in the catalytic coating gives additional advantages with respect to stability of the system and cost reduction. The evaluation of real world aged systems as well as possibilities of simulated aging/testing procedures will offer a “state of the art” interpretation.&lt;/div&gt;
Heterogeneous trench-assisted few-mode multi-core fiber with low differential mode delay (2014)

We propose a kind of heterogeneous multi-core fiber (Hetero-MCF) with trench-assisted multi-step index few-mode core (TA-MSI-FMC) deployed inside. After analyzing the impact of each parameter on differential mode delay (DMD), we design a couple of TA-MSI-FMCs with A(eff) of 110 μm2 for LP01 mode. DMD of each TA-MSI-FMC is smaller than |170| ps/km over C + L band and the total DMD can approach almost 0 ps/km over C + L band if we adopt DMD managed transmission line technique by using only one kind of Hetero-TA-FM-MCF. For such Hetero-TA-FM-MCF, crosstalk is about -30 dB/100km at wavelength of 1550 nm as bending radius becomes larger than 15 cm, core number can reach 12, a relative core multiplicity factor (RCMF) is 15.7, and the RCMF can even reach 26.1 if we treat LP<sub>11</sub> mode as two special modes thanks to the multiple-input-multiple-output technology.
High Power (> 300 mW) 1550 nm On-Chip Laser Realized Using Passively Aligned Hybrid Integration (2020)

We present the flip-chip integration of a slab coupled optical waveguide amplifier (SCOWA) with a silicon-nitride waveguide DBR, creating an external cavity laser emitting 312 mW with RIN of &lt;-160 dB/Hz.
Models and Raman analysis of molecular nanofilms conjugated on photonic crystal slabs (2017)

Photonic crystal slabs (PCSs), which generally consist of two-dimensional arrays of nanoholes in the top layer of a dual layer dielectric film, have been demonstrated as a promising platform for optical biosensing. Both the Fano resonance in a perfect PCS and the Lorentzian resonance in a micro-cavity resulted from an introduced defect in PCS have been studied. While, the use of resonance peak shift for detecting molecules owing to the change of the refractive index is a nonspecific biosensing technique. Biorecognition molecules, such as antibodies that can specific bond to interesting molecules, are conjugated on the PCS to improve the detection specificity. It is a widely adopted assumption that the conjugated molecules form into a uniform nanofilm in the PCS based biosensors, which covers either the entire surface of the dielectric layer or the entire sidewalls of nanoholes. However, the actual device performance is much lower than that obtained based on this assumption, which suggests the over-simplicity of the hypothesis above. It is of keen interest to reveal the actual arrangement and distribution of molecules on PCS for designing high-performance PCS biosensors. Here, we propose models and analysis of the distribution of nanofilms on PCS. We employed Raman scattering technique to experimentally reveal the actual various configurations of nanofilms, which support our theoretical modeling. The results obtained in this research can be essential for designing high-performance PCS based nanobiosensors.
Hypothermia-Induced Loss of Endothelial Barrier Function Is Restored after Dopamine Pretreatment: Role of p42/p44 Activation (2006)

Our study demonstrates beneficial effects of dopamine treatment on cold storage induced endothelial barrier disturbances. This may contribute to the positive effects of catecholamines on immediate graft function of renal allografts in men.
Initializing newly deployed ad hoc and sensor networks (2004)

A newly deployed multi-hop radio network is unstructured and lacks a reliable and efficient communication scheme. In this paper, we take a step towards analyzing the problems existing during the initialization phase of ad hoc and sensor networks. Particularly, we model the network as a multi-hop quasi unit disk graph and allow nodes to wake up asynchronously at any time. Further, nodes do not feature a reliable collision detection mechanism, and they have only limited knowledge about the network topology. We show that even for this restricted model, a good clustering can be computed efficiently. Our algorithm efficiently computes an asymptotically optimal clustering. Based on this algorithm, we describe a protocol for quickly establishing synchronized sleep and listen schedule between nodes within a cluster. Additionally, we provide simulation results in a variety of settings.
The role of marshall bundle epicardial connections in atrial tachycardias after atrial fibrillation ablation (2021)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Atrial tachycardias (ATs) are often seen in the context of AF ablation. Objectives We evaluated the role of the Marshall bundle (MB) network in left atrial (LA) ATs using high-density high-spatial resolution 3D mapping. Methods 199 post-AF ablation LA tachycardias were mapped in 140 consecutive patients (112 (80%) males, mean age: 61.8 years); 133 (66.8%) were macro-reentrant and 66 (33.2%) were scar-related re-entry. MB-dependent perimitral AT (PMAT) was diagnosed where the difference between the post pacing interval and the tachycardia cycle length (PPI-TCL) was &amp;lt;20ms in parts of the expected MB-dependent perimitral circuit (within the VOM, the ridge between the left pulmonary veins and LA appendage (LAA), the anterior LA and between 6- and 11-o’clock of the mitral annulus) and the PPI-TCL was &amp;gt;20ms in areas bypassed by the VOM (the distal coronary sinus (CS), the posterior LA and the mitral isthmus). MB-related re-entry was diagnosed by PPI-TCL &amp;lt;20ms at the left lateral ridge, posterior base of LAA, inferolateral LA or VOM ostium; and PPI-TCL &amp;gt;20ms in the septal annulus. Typically, in MB-dependent localized re-entry, the earliest activation was found along the MB-LA endocardial connection or MB-CS epicardial connection. Results The MB network was found to participate in 60 (30.2%) re-entrant ATs, 31 PMATs and 29 localized re-entries. High-frequency multiphasic fragmented electrograms with long duration were often recorded endocardially or epicardially at the MB-LA or MB-CS connections. The amplitude and duration of these signals were 0.5 ± 0.79 mV and 65 ± 40 ms for MB-PMATs and 0.26 ± 0.28mV and 122 ± 67 ms for MB-localized re-entries. Unipolar EGMs at the site of endocardial-epicardial breakthrough had a rS pattern in all MB-related ATs. Of 60 MB-related ATs, 49 (81.6%) terminated with RF ablation, 44 (73.3%) at the MB-LA junction and 5 (8.3%) at the MB-CS junction, while 9 (15%) terminated after 2.5-5 cc of alcohol infusion inside the vein of Marshall (VOM). Of the 31 MB-related macroreentrant ATs, 17 (54.8%) terminated at the MB-LA junction, 5 (16.1%) at the MB-CS junction and 7 (22.6%) with alcohol infusion inside the VOM. Two macroreentries (6.5%) using the MB did not terminate with RF energy either endocardially at the MB-LA junction or epicardially at the MB-CS junction, and we were unable to identify or cannulate the VOM for ethanol infusion. Of the 29 localized re-entrant ATs using the MB, 27 (93.1%) terminated at the MB-LA junction, none terminated at the MB-CS junction and 2 (6.9%) terminated after alcohol infusion. After a mean follow up of 12 months, only 4 patients (6.7%) had AT recurrence. Conclusions MB re-entrant ATs accounted for up to 29% of the left ATs after AF ablation. Ablation of the MB-LA or CS-MB connections or alcohol infusion inside the VOM is required to treat these arrhythmias. Abstract Figure.
New technique for the measurement of adsorbed moisture concentration on a solid surface (1993)

We have established a new measurement method to evaluate the adsorbed moisture concentrations on solid surfaces exposed to the atmosphere having high moisture content ranging from 100 ppm to a few percent. The technique is based on the variation of the electric conductivity of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. It has been found that the amount of adsorbed moisture on electropolished 316L stainless steel surface in an atmosphere with moisture concentration of 1% and 3% at 25 °C (relative humidity of 32% and 96% respectively) are 2.5× 1016 and 1.25×1017 molecules/cm2, respectively. This represents 25 and 125 molecule layers of water. The adsorbed moisture has been confirmed to reach an equilibrium level within an exposure time of 1 s.
Delta-CHB STATCOM with reduced energy storage requirements based on third harmonic injection (2021)

The delta connected cascade H-Bridge converter (Delta-HUB) has emerged as an interesting topology for STATCOM applications. A drawback of this topology is the low-frequency ripple in the sub module voltage that leads to high energy storage requirements. Due to the inherent characteristic of Delta-HUB topology, the zero sequence components present in the circulating current do not flow into the grid. This work aims to explore the third harmonic circulating current injection to minimize energy storage requirements, since this method changes the shape of the capacitor voltage waveform. Initially, the expression of the sum of the capacitor voltages is analytically derived. Then, the third harmonic injection is evaluated based on 17 MVA/13.8 kV Delta-HUB case study with 24 cells per cluster. Also, the methodology was evaluated with an experimental setup based on 500 VA/220 V submodule. The results indicate a reduction in the capacitor voltage ripple of 26.64% and 62.10%, when the converter is injecting and absorbing nominal reactive power from the grid, respectively.
A predictive computational platform for optimizing the design of bioartificial pancreas devices (2022)

The delivery of encapsulated islets or stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (i.e., bioartificial pancreas devices) may achieve a functional cure for type 1 diabetes, but their efficacy is limited by mass transport constraints. Modeling such constraints is thus desirable, but previous efforts invoke simplifications which limit the utility of their insights. Herein, we present a computational platform for investigating the therapeutic capacity of generic and user-programmable bioartificial pancreas devices, which accounts for highly influential stochastic properties including the size distribution and random localization of the cells. We first apply the platform in a study which finds that endogenous islet size distribution variance significantly influences device potency. Then we pursue optimizations, determining ideal device structures and estimates of the curative cell dose. Finally, we propose a new, device-specific islet equivalence conversion table, and develop a surrogate machine learning model, hosted on a web application, to rapidly produce these coefficients for user-defined devices.
Broadband terahertz wave remote sensing using coherent manipulation of fluorescence from asymmetrically ionized gases (2010)

We present an “all-optical” technique of broadband terahertz wave remote sensing by coherently manipulating the fluorescence emission from asymmetrically ionized gases. Coherent THz wave detection at a distance of 10 meters has been demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: MLi2Ti6O14 (M: Sr, Ba, 2Na) Lithium Insertion Titanate Materials: A Comparative Study. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Full-Custom Design Flow and a Top-Down RTL-to-GDS Flow for Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Logic Using a Commercial EDA Design Suite (2023)

The adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) circuit is a superconductor digital logic family with extremely low power consumption. It consumes five orders less power than the state-of-the-art CMOS circuits and three orders of magnitude less power than RSFQ circuits, another competing digital superconductor technology. The computing resources required by society are increasing every year, and the AQFP circuit is a strong candidate for the next generation of computers. In previous research, a 4-bit MANA microprocessor and a 16-bit Kogge-Stone adder using AQFP logic were designed and demonstrated. These circuits were designed almost by hand, and the development environment needs to be improved to implement AQFP circuits for practical applications. So, we used Synopsys EDA tools typically used for CMOS design to create a full-custom design flow for logic cell design and a top-down flow to design combinational logic circuits automatically. We integrated a circuit design editor with simulation and verification tools for the full-custom design flow. For the top-down flow, we created an environment that automatically performs logic synthesis, path balancing, cell placement, and signal and excitation routing. 1024-bit adders with more than two million Josephson junctions (JJs) have been successfully designed.
Improved Colonoscopy Success Rate with a Distally Attached Mucosectomy Cap (2006)

CAC can be used as a rescue method to improve the success rate of colonoscopy when failure is encountered.
Environmental Change Detection in Wearable Video (2008)

Many people would like to record their daily lives and control their experiences effectively. For this purpose, we have developed a wearable video system to capture our personal experiences. However, segmentation and retrieval of our experiences in the wearable video system is still a significant problem. If used in our everyday lives, a wearable video system records many different scenes in various locations. One of the segmentation points is when we change location from one place to another. We propose a method for enabling a wearable video system to detect scene changes. The proposed method has two stages: in the first stage, the system detects changes in physiological data (heat flux and skin temperature) in order to extract candidate scenes that are then analyzed for environmental changes in the second stage, in which we improve the ability of the system to detect changes in scene by analyzing histogram changes in video frames. In our experiments, the accuracy of detecting environmental changes was 62% in the first stage, which rose to 70% in the second stage, while the recall rate remained above 80%
<title>Poisson brackets method of design of nonimaging concentrators: a review</title> (1993)

A review of the nonimaging concentrator method of design called Poisson brackets method is presented. The method is valuable for 2D and 3D concentrators. The 2D version of the method has provided an interesting concentrator: the CTC (Compound Triangular Concentrator). Unfortunately, so far only impractical 3D concentrators (with variable index of refraction) have been obtained with the 3D version of the method. Nevertheless, these 3D concentrators prove that there are optimal and ideal 3D concentrators besides the trumpet concentrator and the trivial cases.
Discovery of a Cryptic Depsipeptide from Streptomyces ghanaensis via MALDI‐MS‐Guided High‐Throughput Elicitor Screening (2020)

Microbial genomes harbor an abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters, but most are expressed at low levels and need to be activated for characterization of their cognate natural products. In this work, we report the combination of high-throughput elicitor screening (HiTES) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) for the rapid identification of cryptic peptide natural products. Application to Streptomyces ghanaensis identified amygdalin as an elicitor of a novel non-ribosomal peptide, which we term cinnapeptin. Complete structural elucidation revealed cinnapeptin as a cyclic depsipeptide with an unusual 2-methyl-cinnamoyl group. Insights into its biosynthesis were provided by whole genome sequencing and gene deletion studies, while bioactivity assays showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fission yeast. MALDI-HiTES is a broadly applicable tool for the discovery of cryptic peptides encoded in microbial genomes.
Shielding effectiveness of superconductive particles in plastics (1988)

The ability to cool superconductors with liquid nitrogen instead of liquid helium has opened the door to a wide range of research. The well known Meissner effect, which states superconductors are perfectly diamagnetic, suggests shielding applications. One of the drawbacks to the new ceramic superconductors is the brittleness of the finished material. Because of this drawback, any application which required flexibility (e.g., wire and cable) would be impractical. Therefore, this paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into the shielding effectiveness of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ both as a composite and as a monolithic material. Shielding effectiveness was measured using two separate test methods. One tested the magnetic (near field) shielding, and the other tested the electromagnetic (far field) shielding. No shielding was seen in the near field measurements on the composite samples, and only one heavily loaded sample showed some shielding in the far field. The monolithic samples showed a large amount of magnetic shielding. 5 refs., 5 figs.
Improving joint uncertainty decoding performance by predictive methods for noise robust speech recognition (2009)

Model-based noise compensation techniques, such as vector Taylor series (VTS) compensation, have been applied to a range of noise robustness tasks. However one of the issues with these forms of approach is that for large speech recognition systems they are computationally expensive. To address this problem schemes such as Joint Uncertainty Decoding (JUD) have been proposed. Though computationally more efficient, the performance of the system is typically degraded. This paper proposes an alternative scheme, related to JUD, but making fewer approximations, VTS-JUD. Unfortunately this approach also removes some of the computational advantages of JUD. To address this, rather than using VTS-JUD directly, it is used instead to obtain statistics to estimate a predictive linear transform, PCMLLR. This is both computationally efficient and limits some of the issues associated with the diagonal covariance matrices typically used with schemes such as VTS. PCMLLR can also be simply used within an adaptive training framework (PAT). The performance of the VTS-JUD, PCMLLR and PAT system were compared to a number of standard approaches on an in-car speech recognition task. The proposed scheme is an attractive alternative to existing approaches.
Comparison of the Hematopoietic Activity of flt-3 Ligand and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Acting Alone or in Combination (2000)

The hematopoietic sequelae of intramuscular administration of flt-3 ligand (FL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone, or in combination, were compared in BALB/c mice. Changes in hematopoiesis were measured in the marrow, spleen and blood using an in vitro colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and flow cytometrically (expression of CD34 and stem cell antigen (Sca)-1). FL administration was associated with a significant increase in the absolute number of CFU and CD34+ cells in the marrow and CFU, CD34+, Sca-1+, and CD34+ Sca-1+ cells in the spleen and blood. These data demonstrate that FL expands and mobilizes a range of hematopoietic progenitors. By comparison, GM-CSF administration was associated with a significant increase in the number of CFU in the spleen and a significant reduction in marrow CD34+, Sca-1+, and CD34+Sca-1+ cells. These data suggest that GM-CSF-driven expansion of CFU may be at the expense of more primitive cells. The pattern of progenitor cell expansion associated with FL + GM-CSF administration was similar to that of FL alone with the following exceptions. The numbers of spleen and blood CFU were significantly greater and the number of marrow CD34+Sca-1+ cells were significantly less, than with FL alone. These data suggest that co-administration of these cytokines may combine the expansion of the more primitive cell populations (associated with FL) with the expansion of the more mature CFU population (associated with GM-CSF) to yield a greater overall CFU expansion and elevation of CFU in the blood. However, increasing the expansion and mobilization of the relatively mature, rather than the more primitive, hematopoietic progenitors, may be of limited value as a mobilization strategy, if the goal is the expansion and isolation of increased numbers of "high-quality," primitive cells for transplantation.
Boosting Transferability of Targeted Adversarial Examples via Hierarchical Generative Networks (2021)

Transfer-based adversarial attacks can evaluate model robustness in the black-box setting. Several methods have demonstrated impressive untargeted transferability, however, it is still challenging to efficiently produce targeted transferability. To this end, we develop a simple yet effective framework to craft targeted transfer-based adversarial examples, applying a hierarchical generative network. In particular, we contribute to amortized designs that well adapt to multi-class targeted attacks. Extensive experiments on ImageNet show that our method improves the success rates of targeted black-box attacks by a significant margin over the existing methods -- it reaches an average success rate of 29.1\% against six diverse models based only on one substitute white-box model, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art gradient-based attack methods. Moreover, the proposed method is also more efficient beyond an order of magnitude than gradient-based methods.
Vitamin C Prevents Hypogonadal Bone Loss (2012)

Epidemiologic studies correlate low vitamin C intake with bone loss. The genetic deletion of enzymes involved in de novo vitamin C synthesis in mice, likewise, causes severe osteoporosis. However, very few studies have evaluated a protective role of this dietary supplement on the skeleton. Here, we show that the ingestion of vitamin C prevents the low-turnover bone loss following ovariectomy in mice. We show that this prevention in areal bone mineral density and micro-CT parameters results from the stimulation of bone formation, demonstrable in vivo by histomorphometry, bone marker measurements, and quantitative PCR. Notably, the reductions in the bone formation rate, plasma osteocalcin levels, and ex vivo osteoblast gene expression 8 weeks post-ovariectomy are all returned to levels of sham-operated controls. The study establishes vitamin C as a skeletal anabolic agent.