gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Prostaglandin F 2a Ethanolamide (Prostamide F2a) Research and Therapeutics (2013)

Prostamide (prostaglandin ethanola- mide) research emerged from two distinct lines of research: 1) the unique pharmacology of the antiglau- coma drug bimatoprost and 2) the discovery that en- docannabinoid anandamide was converted by COX-2 to a series of electrochemically neutral prostaglandin (PG) ethanolamides. Bimatoprost pharmacology was found to be virtually identical to that of prostamide F2a. The earliest studies relied on comparison of agonist potencies compared with PGF2a and synthetic prostaglandin F2a(FP) receptor agonists.Thesubsequent discovery of selective and potent prostamide receptor antagonists (AGN 211334-6, as shown in Fig. 3) was critical for distinguishing between prostamide and FP receptor-mediated effects. The prostamide F2a receptor was then modeled by cotransfecting the wild-type FP receptor with an mRNA splicing variant (altFP4). Bimatoprost is now used therapeutically for treating both glaucoma and eyelash hypotrichosis. Bimatoprost also stimulates hair growth in isolated human scalp hair follicles. A strong effect is also seen in mouse pelage hair, where bimatoprost essentially halves the onset of hair regrowth and the time to achieve full hair regrowth in shaved mice. Beyond glaucoma and hair growth, bimatoprost has potential for reducing fat deposition. Studies to date suggest that preadipo- cytes are the cellular target for bimatoprost. The dis- covery of the enzyme prostamide/PGF synthase was invaluable in elucidating the anatomic distribution of prostamideF2a.Highexpressioninthecentralnervous system provided the impetus for later studies that described prostamide F2a as a nociceptive mediator in the spinal cord. At the translational level, bimatoprost has already provided therapeutics in two distinct areas and the use of both prostamide agonists and antagonists may provide other useful medicaments.
Profile of a Winner: McGill University (1998)

Description of the work at the McGill Mobile Robotics Laboratory to prepare the entry in the Find-Life-on-Mars event at AAAI-97.
A New Blood Module for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (1994)

A new blood module for continuous renal replacement therapies has been utilized to perform CVVH in critically ill patients. The features of the new module named (HP300 and manufactured by Medica srl (Medolla, Modena) are the easy installation and transportability to the bedside, the simple and safe management and the continuous measurement of the pre and post filter pressure with automatic calculation of the end-to-end pressure drop inside the filter. The last feature permits to detect early malfunctions of the filter due to fibers clotting or due to the internal coating of the hollow fibers by plasma proteins. In both cases the efficiency of the treatment can be reduced because of a significant reduction of the ultrafiltration rates or a remarkable decay of the membrane permeability and solute sieving coefficients. In many cases this reduction is only detected when important effects on solute removal have already occurred. In our experience, the new module permitted the substitution of the filters when early malfunctions were detected and maximal treatment efficiency was therefore guaranteed over extended periods of time.
The effect of CTP-347 on CYP2D6-mediated tamoxifen metabolism (2008)

11552 Background: The activity of tamoxifen is primarily mediated through its 4-hydroxy metabolites which are potent antagonists of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue. The 4-hydroxylation reaction is mediated through the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2D6. Unfortunately, high concentrations of endoxifen, the major 4-hydroxy metabolite, have also been implicated in the occurrence of hot flashes. Although paroxetine has been demonstrated to reduce the frequency of hot flashes in investigator trials of patients with breast cancer, co- administration would reduce the effectiveness of tamoxifen since paroxetine has been shown to be a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2D6. CTP-347 is a new chemical entity in which key hydrogen atoms of paroxetine are replaced with deuterium atoms. CTP-347 is being developed for the treatment of post-menopausal and tamoxifen-induced hot flashes and will enter clinical trials in mid-2008. Methods: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition was measured in rat synaptosomes using radiolabeled neurotransmitters. Time- dependent inactivation of CYP2D6 was determined by pre-incubating CTP-347 or paroxetine with human liver microsomes and measuring the extent of dextromethorphan metabolism, a CYP2D6-specific substrate. The effect on tamoxifen active metabolite formation was determined by pre-incubating CTP-347 or paroxetine with expressed human CYP2D6 in the presence of N-desmethyl tamoxifen and measuring endoxifen concentrations. All drug concentrations were measured by LC/MS-MS. Results: There was no difference in binding between CTP-347 and paroxetine at the serotonin (IC50s: 2.1 vs. 1.7 nM) or norepinephrine (IC50s: 28 vs. 38 nM) binding sites. Paroxetine caused time-dependent inhibition of CYP2D6 (Kinact = 0.08 min-1) at a level similar to that reported previously, while the Kinact of CTP-347 could not be determined due to insignificant inactivation. Endoxifen formation was up to 12-fold higher in the presence of CTP-347 than paroxetine. Conclusions: CTP-347 does not cause mechanism-based inactivation of CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Concert Pharmaceuticals Concert Pharmaceuticals Concert Pharmaceuticals
Return on Investment Calculation for a Heavy Duty Vehicle With a Dual Fuel Diesel-Natural Gas Engine (2016)

Advancements in natural gas extraction technology are driving down natural gas prices to much lower levels than diesel fuel. This situation could be advantageous to commercial vehicle operators if they are able to cost-effectively modify their fleets to replace a portion of their diesel fuel usage with natural gas. Dual-fuel retrofit kits are an attractive option since they can use existing vehicles and offer relatively low conversion cost as compared to engine replacement. These systems convert dedicated diesel engines to operate on dual-fuel with the addition of intake fumigated natural gas. Fumigated dual-fuel systems replace a significant portion of diesel fuel energy with natural gas (generally 50% or more by energy content), and produce lower operating costs than diesel-only operation. This research describes a methodology, which can be used to predict the return on investment for a dual fuel vehicle and specify the $/mile gain if the vehicle is fitted with dual fuel technology. As a case study, a generic class 8 vehicle is chosen to evaluate the benefit of dual fuel system integration considering overall return of investment.
Conditional control of universal CAR T cells by cleavable OFF-switch adaptors (2023)

As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and non-traditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with co-administered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
Simple strategy for enhancing terahertz emission from coherent longitudinal optical phonons using undoped GaAs/n ‐type GaAs epitaxial layer structures (2010)

Abstract We have explored the feasibility of enhancing terahertz (THz) emission from coherent longitudinal optical (LO) phonons using simple epitaxial layer structures: undoped GaAs/ n ‐type GaAs ( i ‐GaAs/ n ‐GaAs) epitaxial layer structures. Initially, using a numerical simulation we have confirmed that a decrease in the i ‐GaAs layer thickness d increases the built‐in electric field in the i ‐GaAs layer. From the THz wave measurement, it is observed in the THz waveforms of the samples that the monocycle oscillation, the so‐called first burst, resulting from the surge current of the photogenerated carriers, accompanies with a clear oscillatory profile with a period of 113 fs corresponding to the GaAs LO phonon frequency (8.8 THz). The Fourier transform spectra show that the intensity of the LO phonon band remarkably increases with a decrease in d that causes the enhancement of the built‐in electric field in the i ‐GaAs layer. Thus, we conclude that the utilization of the i ‐GaAs/ n ‐GaAs structure is a useful way to enhance the THz emission from the coherent LO phonon. We also performed the time‐partitioning Fourier transform in order to investigate the decay time of the THz wave from the coherent LO phonon. The decay time of each sample is almost the same: 2.0 ps. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carney Complex (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Clinical manifestations Molecular genetics Laboratory evaluation and genetic testing References
Extension - Upgrading Methane Using Ultra-Fast Thermal Swing Adsorption (2008)

The need for cost effective technologies for upgrading coal mine methane to pipeline quality natural gas is becoming ever greater. The current work presents and investigates a new approach to reduce the impact of the most costly step in the conventional technology, nitrogen rejection. The proposed approach is based on the Velocys microchannel platform, which is being developed to commercialize compact and cost efficient chemical processing technology. For this separation, ultra fast thermal swing sorption is enabled by the very high rates of heat and mass transfer inherent in microchannel processing. In a first phase of the project solid adsorbents were explored. Feasibility of ultrafast thermal swing was demonstrated but the available adsorbents had insufficient differential methane capacity to achieve the required commercial economics. In a second phase, ionic liquids were adopted as absorbents of choice, and experimental work and economic analyses, performed to gauge their potential, showed promise for this novel alternative. Final conclusions suggest that a combination of a required cost target for ionic liquids or a methane capacity increase or a combination of both is required for commercialization.
MACULAR TRANSLOCATION SURGERY AND RETINAL CIRCULATION TIMES (2004)

Macular translocation surgery does not alter retinal macrocirculation in the long term.
Synthesis of γ-lactones from easily and accessible reactants catalyzed by Cu–MnOx catalysts (2017)

The mechanism of the oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition of alkenes with anhydrides using oxygen as an oxidant to synthesize γ-lactones has been studied using a heterogeneous dual copper-manganese–based catalyst. The cyclization takes place through two coexisting reaction mechanisms, the involvement of different reaction intermediates and a clear synergistic effect between copper and manganese. In fact it appears that CuO clusters dispersed on the surface of a manganese-based oxide increase the redox capability of manganese ions and leads to an increase in the release of oxygen from the surface.
Single-layer metallodielectric nanostructures as dual-band midinfrared filters (2008)

We report a design and fabrication strategy for creating single-layer metallodielectric nanostructures with dual-band filtering properties at midinfrared wavelengths. Genetic algorithm optimization was used to determine an arrangement of nanometer-scale metal pixels within one unit cell of a two-dimensional periodic array that best satisfied the user-specified filter response and nanofabrication design rule constraints. Infrared transmission and reflection spectra measured on an optimized nanostructure array had two narrow stop bands blueshifted by 0.2μm from the designed center wavelengths of 3.3 and 4.1μm, with transmission attenuation greater than −20dB and reflection attenuation less than −1.5dB in each band. This strategy provides a practical and efficient approach to design metallodielectric nanostructures needed for photonic device applications as well as for future low-loss refractive index engineered metamaterials.
Viral load of human papillomavirus in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait (2013)

The findings suggest that, in the absence of a proper screening programme in Kuwait, quantification of HPV viral load could be considered as a surrogate virology test to identify women with abnormal cytology. Further population-based prospective studies are needed to include more women with high-grade and invasive carcinoma reports.
Multi-level optimization of a fiber transmission system via nonlinearity management (2006)

Nonlinearity management is explored as a complete tool to obtain maximum transmission reach in a WDM fiber transmission system, making it possible to optimize multiple system parameters, including optimal dispersion pre-compensation, with fast simulations based on the continuous-wave approximation.
A Model to Predict the Likelihood of Cliff Swallow Nesting on Highway Structures in Northern California (2012)

Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) are colonially breeding migratory birds that frequently nest on highway structures. Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, people cannot harm swallows or their active nests. This restriction causes problems and delays for construction and maintenance divisions of many departments of transportation. In planning future projects, it would be useful for these divisions to have a habitat selection model that can predict the likelihood of cliff swallow nesting on a particular highway structure. We used logistic regression on data collected from 206 highway structures and 2 different land cover data sets to develop habitat selection models for northern California. The models indicated that low urban development and structure undersurfaces with multiple junctures were the 2 most important predictors of cliff swallow occupancy. Both the presence of water under a structure and a large underpass opening were also factors included in the models. The models correctly predicted 59% of sites occupied by cliff swallows and 88% of sites not occupied. The occupancy classification rate may offer departments of transportation useful insight into the nesting behavior of cliff swallows.
Evanescent field enhancement due to plasmonic resonances of a metamaterial slab (2008)

The characteristics of plasmonic resonance in a dielectric-sandwiched metamaterial film at visible wavelengths of 650 and 568 nm have been investigated (for both p- and s-polarized light). Our calculated results demonstrate that each mode of plasmonic resonance has maximum resonance strength at a particular film thickness of the metamaterial. We also demonstrated that the effect of evanescent field enhancement is due to plasmonic resonances of the sandwiched metamaterial system. And the stronger the plasmonic resonance strength the larger the evanescent field is enhanced at the interfaces of the metamaterial film. Also we see that the plasmonic resonances in a sandwiched metamaterial are influenced not only by the materials that constitute the interfaces but also by the thickness of surrounding dielectrics or distance between evanescent light source and metamaterial film. Finally, our results show that there might be an effective light propagation length that will let the coupling efficiency between evanescent light source and SPs resonance become a maximum. These properties of plasmonic resonances to structure parameters of metamaterial film and its surrounding dielectrics provide a useful way to control the optical responses of an optoelectronic device when the wavelength of light source is fixed. That is, by suitably choosing light polarizations, thickness of the metamaterial thin film or the surrounding dielectrics and the position of evanescent light source, it is possible to modulate the plasmonic resonance wavenumber or resonance strength of the system. Therefore, the optical responses of the system can be modulated. Our results will be helpful for the structure design to control the behaviours of coupled plasmonic resonances and consequently the optical properties of the dielectric-sandwiched metamaterial film.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Unimolecular Dendritic Reverse Micelles with “Internal” Functional Groups (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis and Catalytic Activity of Unimolecular Dendritic Reverse Micelles with "Internal" Functional GroupsMarcelo E. Piotti, Felix Rivera,, Risha Bond, Craig J. Hawker, and Jean M. J. FréchetView Author Information IBM Almaden Research Center 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120 Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720-1460 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 40, 9471–9472Publication Date (Web):September 23, 1999Publication History Received7 June 1999Published online23 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991879phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991879prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1180Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Dendrons,Functional groups,Organic compounds,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Association Between DQB1 and Cervical Cancer in Patients With Human Papillomavirus and Family Controls (2000)

In Brief Objective The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1 alleles and human papillomavirus (HPV) as contributing factors to invasive cervical cancer was investigated. To overcome problems of misleading causal inferences common in traditional case-control studies, a family-based test, the transmission/disequilibrium test, was used. Methods Ninety-six patients with pathologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer were ascertained. Human papillomavirus types were determined in 80 patients, of whom 81.25% were HPV-positive, and 18.75% were HPV-negative. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from samples, taken from patients and their parents, and sequenced to determine DQB1 genotypes. Nuclear family data were used to test whether the DQB1 locus is associated with invasive cervical cancer while controlling for high-risk HPV-positive patients. The transmission/disequilibrium test evaluates whether the frequency of transmission of parental marker alleles to their affected offspring deviates from the expected Mendelian frequency of 50%. Results The HLA DQB1 locus showed evidence for allelic association with invasive cervical cancer in high-risk HPV-positive patients (P = .006). The transmission/disequilibrium test showed that the DQB1*0303 allele was transmitted to high-risk HPV patients more often than expected by chance, χ21 = 8.0, P = .005 (P = .035 when correcting for multiple tests). Tests of association were negative when applied to all 96 patients, irrespective of HPV status. No significant differences were found in the distribution of the DQB1 alleles among HPV-positive patients compared with those who were HPV-negative, indicating that HLA alleles are not associated with susceptibility to HPV infection. Conclusion These results suggest that the DQB1*0303 allele increases the risk for invasive cervical cancer in women who are HPV-positive. A strong association between the human leukocyte antigen DQB1*0303 allele and invasive cervical cancer is detected in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus types using family-based controls.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Lewis Acid Catalyzed Assembly of Phosphonomethyl Ethers: Three‐Step Synthesis of Tenofovir. (2015)

Abstract This method is applied in the synthesis of antiretroviral drug tenofovir (IX).
Antibiotic Resistance: A Macromolecule Reversing Antibiotic Resistance Phenotype and Repurposing Drugs as Potent Antibiotics (Adv. Sci. 17/2020) (2020)

In article number 2001374, James L. Hedrick, Yi Yan Yang, and co‐workers show that guanidiniumfunctionalized polycarbonates reverse the antibiotic resistance phenotype, and improve antibiotic potency via intracellular protein precipitation, gene binding and subsequent reactive oxygen species generation. Importantly, the polymer allows for the effective repositioning of rifampicin and auranofin meant for Gram‐positive bacteria and arthritis, respectively, to be highly effective against multidrugresistant Gram‐negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. [Image: see text]
Modeling of degradation caused by channel hot carrier and negative bias temperature instability effects in p-MOSFETs (2012)

Modeling of channel hot carrier and negative bias temperature instability effects in p-MOSFETs is developed in this work. By calculating the vertical gate oxide field as well as the maximum lateral channel field, the non-monotonic threshold voltage degradation is accurately predicted. This model shows good agreements with measured data under various gate lengths, the stress biases, as well as time duration conditions.
Neurons to Algorithms neural circuit model development platform (2014)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!