gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations between body composition measurements (BCM) and phase 1 (P1) oncology clinical trial outcomes. (2022)

e18648 Background: Cancer-related malnutrition and cachexia can lead to body composition changes. BCM can be assessed at the third lumbar (L3) vertebra by CT, which is available as part of pre-trial evaluation. We previously found that malnutrition and low psoas muscle area (PMA) are associated with adverse P1 outcomes including higher rates of ≥ Grade 3 toxicity (G3T). Here we evaluate the relationships between comprehensive cross-sectional muscle and adipose tissue BCM at L3 on P1 outcomes. Methods: Baseline CT scans for 82 patients (pts) were reviewed and images at the level of L3 were identified by 3 independent reviewers. A CT L3 image selected by at least 2 reviewers underwent analysis by Slice-O-Matic software (Tomovision, Canada) to generate BCM including: skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), and adipose tissue area [intermuscular (IMAT), visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and total adipose (TAT)] in cm2. SMA was normalized by height (m2), yielding cross-sectional skeletal muscle index (SMI). We stratified pts by having a SMI, SMD, IMAT, VAT, SAT, and TAT above or below the median value. We evaluated for associations between BCM and the following outcomes: rates of ≥ G3T, frequency of dose reductions/interruptions, hospitalizations, tumor response, disease control, duration on study (DOS), and overall survival (OS). Chi-square analysis was used to determine statistical significance between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare DOS and OS. A multivariable analysis (MVA) was conducted via logistic regression to evaluate the association between SMI, VAT, PMA and ≥ G3T controlling for age and gender. Results: 82 P1 pts were included (38 M, 45 F), with a median age of 60 (range 28-85). The most common disease site was gastrointestinal (33%). Mean SMI was 44.78 cm2/m2 (range 25.70-79.89). Higher SMI was associated with a reduced risk of ≥ G3T (36.6% vs 58.5%; p = 0.047) and a trend towards improved OS (p = 0.07). There was no association between SMD, IMAT, SAT, or TAT and toxicity, however, higher VAT was associated with reduced risk of ≥ G3T (31.7% vs 63.4%, p = 0.004), and improved response to therapy (p = 0.001). A MVA controlling for age and gender showed that reduced SMI (AUC 0.7072), increased VAT (AUC 0.7597), and reduced PMA (AUC 0.757) were similar in their ability to predict ≥ G3T. Conclusions: P1 trials are designed to determine the safety and tolerability of investigational agents. In this population of P1 pts, BCM including higher baseline CT L3 SMI and VAT were associated with a reduced risk of ≥ G3T. BCM were also tied to efficacy as high VAT was associated with improved tumor response while a trend towards improved OS was noted for pts with higher baseline SMI. Future research should examine the value of integrating CT-based BCM into dose-selection algorithms when evaluating safety in P1 trials to minimize treatment-related toxicity and optimize therapeutic benefit.
Silicon MOS controlled bipolar power switching devices using trench technology (1999)

Abstract The next generation of power devices are likely to extend MOS controlled bipolar (MCB) device concepts to cover very high voltage (up to 8kV) applications. Such devices will be based on utilizing the advantages brought about by trench gate MOSFETs to control bipolar current flow. In this paper we give a review of development of trench gate IGBTs and we describe briefly new promising device structures based on trench technology which use PIN diode and thyristor type carrier distributions to reduce power losses within the device.
Propagation of terahertz pulses in random media (2003)

We describe measurements of single-cycle terahertz pulse propagation in a random medium. The unique capabilities of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy permit the characterization of a multiply scattered field with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. With these results, we can develop a framework for understanding the statistics of broadband laser speckle. Also, the ability to extract information on the phase of the field opens up new possibilities for characterizing multiply scattered waves. We illustrate this with a simple example, which involves computing a time-windowed temporal correlation between fields measured at different spatial locations. This enables the identification of individual scattering events, and could lead to a new method for imaging in random media.
Cache Pirating: Measuring the Curse of the Shared Cache (2011)

We present a low-overhead method for accurately measuring application performance (CPI) and off-chip bandwidth (GB/s) as a function of available shared cache capacity. The method is implemented on real hardware, with no modifications to the application or operating system. We accomplish this by co-running a Pirate application that "steals" cache space with the Target application. By adjusting how much space the Pirate steals during the Target's execution, and using hardware performance counters to record the Target's performance, we can accurately and efficiently capture performance data for the Target application as a function of its available shared cache. At the same time we use performance counters to monitor the Pirate to ensure that it is successfully stealing the desired amount of cache. To evaluate this approach, we show that 1) the cache available to the Target behaves as expected, 2) the Pirate steals the desired amount of cache, and ) the Pirate does not bias the Target's performance. As a result, we are able to accurately measure the Target's performance while stealing up to an average of 6.8MB of the 8MB of cache on our Nehalem based test system with an average measurement overhead of only 5.5%.
1550 Nm Laser with 320 Hz Lorentzian Linewidth based on Semiconductor Gain Chip and Extended Si 3 N 4 Bragg Grating (2019)

We demonstrate narrow linewidth lasers based on a semiconductor gain chip coupled to a Si 3 N 4 Bragg grating. The laser demonstrates 12 mW fiber coupled output power, > 55 dB SMSR and 320 Hz Lorentzian linewidth. © 2019 The Author(s)
Electrically Tunable Superconducting Microstrip Line Band-Pass Filter for Mobile Applications (2005)

2 GHz band electrically tunable superconducting microstrip line band-pass filter was developed. The tunable filter used a thin interdigital electrode. The dielectric distribution of SrTiO 3 substrate included a calculated nonlinear effect of the electrode and ferroelectric material. As a result, the tunable microstrip line filter design with interdigital electrode enabled calculation by the finite element method and the moment method. The tunable filter with a measured unloaded Q factor of 9700 and a frequency shift of 1.25 MHz was obtained.
‘Near and fire neighbours’: war, apocalypse and elegy (2013)

A screaming comes across the sky. It has happened before, but there is nothing to compare it to now. It is too late. The Evacuation still proceeds, but it's all theatre. – Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow . New Apocalypse? The Map of Love , Thomas's third collection, was published on 24 August 1939. It contained sixteen poems and seven of the experimental short fictions written between 1933 and 1936. Like Twenty-five Poems , but in a rather different way, it was a transitional collection, containing poems from either side of the stylistic turn of 1938. The timing was not propitious. War broke out just ten days later on 3 September, completely displacing any notice the book might have attracted. It also sent Thomas into something of a tailspin; on 25 August, he wrote to Vernon Watkins confessing that ‘This war, trembling even on the edge of Laugharne fills me with such horror & terror & lassitude’ ( CL , 453). The war, moreover, had the effect of weakening Thomas's tentative footing on the ladder of a literary career and financial security. Applications for funding from the Royal Literary Fund over the next year were turned down, and many of the journals which had provided an income from casual reviewing vanished, victims of wartime restrictions on paper use and a changed literary climate. With a wife and child to support, Thomas's attempts to borrow money and make a living became ever more desperate. As they sank into poverty, the Thomases were driven out of Laugharne in 1940 by lack of money and the debts they owed to local tradespeople. Finally, in September 1941, Thomas got a job writing scripts for propaganda films at Strand Films in London, earning a regular wage for the first time since his job as a teenage reporter. Poor physical fitness, temperamental and ideological aversion to fighting, not to mention a sense of the absolute priority of his writing, helped Thomas avoid conscription. One result was that he and his family led a semi-nomadic wartime existence, often billeted on in-laws and friends, in Chelsea in London, as well as in Gloucestershire, Sussex, Talsarn, Llangain and New Quay in West Wales.
Design of diffractive optical surfaces within the SMS design method (2015)

The extension of the SMS method to design diffractive surfaces is presented. This method involves the simultaneous calculation of N/2 diffractive surfaces, using the phase-shift properties, such that N one-parameter wavefronts can be imaged.
Electrochemical Confirmation of Disproportionate of μ-Oxo-bis[(N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato))vanadium(IV)] Tetrafluoroborate (1993)

Abstract μ-Oxo-bis[(N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato))vanadium(IV)] tetrafluoroborate is prepared from (N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato)) oxovanadium(IV) (VO(salen)) through an electrophilic reaction by triphenylmethyl tetrafluoroborate (Ph3CBF4) in dichloromethane. The voltammetric analysis of the binuclear complex in dichloromethane revealed a one-step two-electron transfer at 0.58 V (vs Ag/AgCl) based on the disproportionation (2VIVOVIVIIIOVIV + VIVOVV).V
Structure of water-containing latexes: Remagnetization effects during solid-state NMR spin-diffusion experiments (1998)

Solid-state NMR 1H spin diffusion experiments and transmission electron microscopy are used to elucidate complex latex structures. Remagnetization effects are detected in a three-component system with one rigid and two different soft phases, which are discriminated by their 1H chemical shift. The remagnetization effects facilitate the interpretation of spin-diffusion experiments for structure investigation of three-component structures. The investigated system consists of a polybutylacrylate (PBuA)/polystyrene (PS)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) latex film containing residual water, where the respective latex was synthesized by a two-step emulsion polymerization. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the latex possesses an inverse core-shell-like structure, where the second step comonomer polymerizes inside the seed particle. A thin layer of water (3—5 nm) at the outside of the particles is detected by NMR. Additionally, the NMR experiments show heterogeneities in the core, where mobile regions 4 nm in diameter are found, much smaller in size than the core itself, which has an average diameter of ca. 120 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering.
Stereoselective DielsAlder Reactions Promoted under Continuous‐Flow Conditions by Silica‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts (2014)

Abstract Silica nanoparticles of different morphological properties were functionalized with enantiomerically pure imidazolidinones, through different immobilization techniques; stainless‐steel columns were then loaded with silica bearing chiral organocatalysts to realize chiral “homemade” reactors. The influence of the material properties and immobilization procedures on the chemical and stereochemical activities of the chiral HPLC columns was studied by performing organocatalyzed DielsAlder reactions between cyclopentadiene and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes under continuous‐flow conditions. In some cases, excellent enantioselectivities were obtained, thus showing that a catalytic reactor may work efficiently to continuously produce enantiomerically enriched cycloadducts for more than 200 h. Regeneration of the organocatalytic column was also partially accomplished, although associated with a slightly lower enantioselectivity, thus prolonging the “life” of the reactor to more than 300 h.
Trisubstituted Acridine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Telomerase Inhibitors (2003)

The synthesis and evaluation for telomerase-inhibitory and quadruplex DNA binding properties of three related series of rationally designed trisubstituted acridine derivatives are described. These are substituted on the acridine ring at the 2,6,9; 2,7,9; and 3,6,9 positions. The ability of several of the most potent compounds to interact with and stabilize an intramolecular G-quadruplex DNA was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance methods, and affinities were found to correlate with potency in a telomerase assay. The interactions of a number of compounds with a parallel quadruplex DNA structure were simulated by molecular modeling methods. The calculated interaction energies were compared with telomerase activity and showed generally consistent correlations between quadruplex affinity and telomerase inhibition. These data support a model for the action of these compounds that involves the stabilization of intermediate quadruplex structures that inhibit the elongation of telomeric DNA by telomerase in tumor cells.
Preclinical evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of a novel bacterial barrier dressing. (2011)

This novel dressing featuring a bound microbicide offers another choice for wound caregivers to provide patients with an antimicrobial barrier dressing safe enough for prophylactic use to protect against wound infections.
Radiographic Analysis of Psoas Morphology and its Association With Neurovascular Structures at L4-5 With Reference to Lateral Approaches (2017)

3.
Microstructure and In-Situ Observations of Undercooling of Tin Relevant to Lead-Free Solder Alloys (2021)

Abstract not provided
Predictions for azimuthal anisotropy in Xe+Xe collisions at sNN=5.44 TeV using a multiphase transport model (2018)

Xe+Xe collision at relativistic energies may provide us with a partonic system whose size is approximately in between those produced by $p+p$ and Pb+Pb collisions. The experimental results on anisotropic flow in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions should provide us with an opportunity to study the system size dependence of ${v}_{2}$. In the present work, we have used a multiphase transport model to calculate charged particles' ${v}_{2}$ for Xe+Xe collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=5.44\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}$. We have also tried to demonstrate the number of constituent quark, ${N}_{q}$, and ${m}_{T}$ scaling of the elliptic flow. We find that ${n}_{q}$ scaling of ${v}_{2}$ is not observed for the identified hadrons. The ${v}_{2}$ results from Xe+Xe collisions have also been compared to Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=5.02\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}$. We find that flow of charged particles in (50--60)% central collisions for xenon nuclei is almost 30% less than particle flow developed in lead ion collisions, implying the important role the system size plays in the development of particle collective motion in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Discovery and Optimization of Benzotriazine Di-N-Oxides Targeting Replicating and Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

Compounds bactericidal against both replicating and nonreplicating Mtb may shorten the length of TB treatment regimens by eliminating infections more rapidly. Screening of a panel of antimicrobial and anticancer drug classes that are bioreduced into cytotoxic species revealed that 1,2,4-benzotriazine di-N-oxides (BTOs) are potently bactericidal against replicating and nonreplicating Mtb. Medicinal chemistry optimization, guided by semiempirical molecular orbital calculations, identified a new lead compound (20q) from this series with an MIC of 0.31 μg/mL against H37Rv and a cytotoxicity (CC(50)) against Vero cells of 25 μg/mL. 20q also had equivalent potency against a panel of single-drug resistant strains of Mtb and remarkably selective activity for Mtb over a panel of other pathogenic bacterial strains. 20q was also negative in a L5178Y MOLY assay, indicating low potential for genetic toxicity. These data along with measurements of the physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profile demonstrate that BTOs have the potential to be developed into a new class of antitubercular drugs.
Supplementary Methods Legends and References from Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Small Molecules That Promote the Mitochondrial Localization of ATF2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods Legends and References - PDF file 163K, Supplementary Methods, Legends for Figures, and References&lt;/p&gt;
Pressure-Driven Chromatographic Separation Modes in Self-Enclosed Integrated Nanocapillaries (2016)

This study presents pressure-driven chromatographic separation characteristics of integrated nanofluidic channels (nanocapillaries) featuring distinct cross-sectional geometries: cylindrical, triangular, and rectangular profiles. Cylindrical and triangular nanocapillaries are self-enclosed robust conduits realized through standard semiconductor processing techniques using low-resolution photolithography. Specifically, capillaries in nominal radius 300 and 500 nm have been investigated for chromatographic separation in comparison to 750 nm deep nanoslits as well as triangular capillaries featuring an inscribed circle about 500 nm in radius. Chromatograms have been obtained from 10 mm long nanocapillaries under various modes: normal- and reversed-phase, ion-valence, and hydrodynamic chromatography. The van Deemter plots based on the linear mobile phase velocity for 300 nm radius capillaries and 750 nm deep slits show excellent agreement with the plate heights theoretically predicted. The minimum plate heights achieved are typically below 2 μm and the theoretical plate numbers are in the order of 10<sup>5</sup> plates/m for the most chromatography modes investigated in the pressure range up to 100 psi. A comparatively high resolving power is achieved with cylindrical nanocapillaries especially those 300 nm in radius. Self-enclosed robust nanocapillaries demonstrated here could facilitate a pressure-driven chromatographic analysis of extremely low-volume samples (e.g., single cell).
Supplementary Table 7 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Progression DMRs&lt;/p&gt;
ARC PLASMA DEVICES FOR TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT WASTES (2007)

Investigation results on development of the arc plasma generators and connected plasma devices (electric furnaces, reactors) are presented. Development possibilities for plasma-chemical plasma torches purposed for technological treatment of domestic and industrial wastes are considered.
Bacterial Invasins: Molecular Systems Dedicated to the Invasion of Host Tissues (2004)

A study was undertaken to assess the state of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hemodialysis patients. From 97 hemodialysis patients tested, 51 were found to have at least one hepatitis B virus specific marker. 18 were HBSAg carriers, 12 of these carriers have to be regarded as infectious as judged from the presence of HBeAg and/or HBV-specific DNA polymerase activity in the serum. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were found in the sera of approximately 20% of the hemodialysis patients with a high prevalence in cases which lacked HBV markers. We conclude from our study that HBSAg-positive hemodialysis patients should be dialyzed in a separate unit and preferably served by personnel which is anti-HBS-positive. The question whether patients in which anti-HBc represents the only HBV marker should be separated is still open and needs further work. The role of non-A/non-B infection is difficult to determine and further studies are needed to elucidate this question.
Procalcitonin and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Prognosis in Septic Acute Kidney Injury Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy (2019)

NT-proBNP has a certain predictive value for the prognosis in septic AKI patients who received RRT. It seems that the initial PCT value for prognosis is limited. The combination of PCT and -NT-proBNP to evaluate the prognosis in these critically ill patients is currently unclear.
Comparative exome sequencing of metastatic lesions provides insights into the mutational progression of melanoma (2012)

These data provide a proof-of-concept suggesting that individual metastases may have sufficient similarity for successful targeting of driver mutations.
Quantitative Analysis of Hierarchical Pores in Powder Compact (1990)

Theoretical analysis on the pore structure in a powder compact was made with an F. C. C. model of hierarchically clustered spherical particles. The derived theory can reveal the pore volume and pore size distribution of 1st generation pores (contained within clusters of primary particles) and 2nd or 3rd generation pores (contained among the 1st or 2nd generation particle clusters). The calculated results concluded that reduction in the size of particle cluster leads to the formation of a sinterable green compact with a narrow pore size distribution of small average size and high packing density. The derived concept on the pore structure was compared with the pore size distributions of the green compacts consolidated by filtration of colloidal suspensions of spherical mullite particles (average size 65nm). A good agreement was recognized between the theoretical prediction and experimental results.