gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
49.2: Invited Paper: Research and Applications of Amorphous Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor Devices ‐ In‐Ga‐Zn‐O and Ga‐Sn‐O Thin‐Film Devices ‐ (2018)

IGZO TFTs are analyzed, and GTO devices are introduced as rare metal free devices. GTO TFTs are made by simple sputtering, and the performance is excellent, such as, mobility=34.6 cm 2 /Vs, good stability, etc. We propose applications of IGZO and GTO devices to not only FPDs but also thermoelectric and neuromorphic devices.
Enrichment of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes via Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation: Raman Spectroscopy Evidence (2009)

We have used resonant Raman scattering spectroscopy to fully analyze the relative abundances of different (n,m) species in single-walled carbon nanotube samples that are metallically enriched by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Strikingly, the data clearly show that our density gradient ultracentrifugation process enriches the metallic fractions in armchair and near-armchair species. We observe that armchair carbon nanotubes constitute more than 50% of each (2n + m) family.
Reorganized Porous Silicon Bragg Reflectors for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells (2006)

Stacks of porous silicon layers have been successfully applied to maximize internal reflection at the interface between a silicon substrate and an epitaxially grown layer. The stack is consist of alternating porous layers of high and low porosity, defined by the quarter-wavelength rule. During the hydrogen bake prior to epitaxial growth of the epitaxial layer, the porous silicon stack crystallizes in the form of thin quasi-monocrystalline silicon layers incorporating large voids. Experimental data of the measured external reflectance have been linked to the internal reflectance. An optical-path-length enhancement factor of seven was calculated in the wavelength range of 900-1200 nm. Application on thin-film epitaxial solar cells showed a 12% increase in short-circuit current and efficiency
Memory Erasability Amplification. (2016)

Erasable memory is an important resource for designing practical cryptographic protocols that are secure against adaptive attacks. Many practical memory devices such as solid state drives, hard disks, or file systems are not perfectly erasable because a deletion operation leaves traces of the deleted data in the system. A number of methods for constructing a large erasable memory from a small one, e.g., using encryption, have been proposed. Despite the importance of erasable memory in cryptography, no formal model has been proposed that allows one to formally analyse such memory constructions or cryptographic protocols relying on erasable memory.

The contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, we provide a formal model of erasable memory. A memory device allows a user to store, retrieve, and delete data, and it is characterised by a leakage function defining the extent to which erased data is still accessible to an adversary.

Second, we investigate how the erasability of such memories can be amplified. We provide a number of constructions of memories with strong erasability guarantees from memories with weaker guarantees. One of these constructions of perfectly erasable memories from imperfectly erasable ones can be considered as the prototypical application of Canetti et al.'s All-or-Nothing Transform AoNT. Motivated by this construction, we propose some new and better AoNTs that are either perfectly or computationally secure. These AoNTs are of possible independent interest.

Third, we show in the constructive cryptography framework how the construction of erasable memory and its use in cryptographic protocols for example to achieve adaptive security can naturally be composed to obtain provable security of the overall protocol.
Defect induced structural inhomogeneity, ultraviolet light emission and near-band-edge photoluminescence broadening in degenerate In2O3nanowires (2018)

We demonstrate here defect induced changes on the morphology and surface properties of indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanowires and further study their effects on the near-band-edge (NBE) emission, thereby showing the significant influence of surface states on In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanostructure based device characteristics for potential optoelectronic applications. In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowires with cubic crystal structure (c-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were synthesized via carbothermal reduction technique using a gold-catalyst-assisted vapor-liquid-solid method. Onset of strong optical absorption could be observed at energies greater than 3.5 eV consistent with highly n-type characteristics due to unintentional doping from oxygen vacancy [Formula: see text] defects as confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and valence band analysis on the nanowire morphology and stoichiometry reveals presence of high-density of [Formula: see text] defects on the surface of the nanowires. As a result, chemisorbed oxygen species can be observed leading to upward band bending at the surface which corresponds to a smaller valence band offset of 2.15 eV. Temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to study the nature of the defect states and the influence of the surface states on the electronic band structure and NBE emission has been discussed. Our data reveals significant broadening of the NBE PL peak consistent with impurity band broadening leading to band-tailing effect from heavy doping.
<title>Architecture for hardware compression/decompression of large images</title> (2001)

In this article, we present a popular loseless compression/decompression algorithm, GZIP, and the study to implement it on a FPGA based architecture. The algorithm is loseless, and applied to 'bi-level' images of large size. It insures a minimum compression rate for the images we are considering. The proposed architecture for the compressor is based ona hash table and the decompressor is based on a parallel decoder of the Huffman codes.
Engineering the effective CTE of Si die with a T2 package (2012)

With the continuous scaling of low k dielectric in multicore processors, the intrinsic CTE mismatch between a Si die (CTE: 2.3 ppm/°C) and an organic substrate (16-18 ppm/°C) brings a susceptibility for more failures. There are limited successes in the engineering of the CTE of substrate with ceramic (~6 ppm/°C) or low CTE organic substrates (~12 ppm/°C). The CTE mismatch also contributes to solder joint reliability risks and misalignment in assembly. In this paper, we propose a very different method to address the CTE mismatch: the effective CTE of Si is engineered to match that of an organic substrate instead. The T2 package with both thinner die and thinner thermal interface material (TIM) is proposed as both a mechanical and thermal solution for electronic packages. Experimental measurement using DIC (digital image correlation) shows that the effective CTE of silicon can be as high as 15-16 ppm/°C. Thus, it reduces the mismatch between the silicon die and the organic substrate from roughly 15 ppm/°C to 1-3 ppm/°C. Moiré measurement shows the corner stress reduction and the temperature cycle study proves the effectiveness of CTE engineering. Thermomechanical simulations and reliability studies with different Si die thicknesses are also reported.
Chromate-Based Oxide Anodes for Low-Temperature Operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2017)

Doped-YCrO3-δ ceramic oxides were investigated as potential anode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFC, 400-650°C). The studied materials exhibited orthorhombic symmetry and one of the compositions showed an electrical conductivity of 1.7 and 3.5 S/cm at 600°C measured under reducing gases and air, respectively. Ni-GDC nanoparticles were introduced on the surface of the doped-YCrO3-δ ceramic scaffold to achieve catalytic properties for H2 oxidation. The electrochemical properties of the newly developed material were determined using a symmetrical cell. Peak power density of 200 mW/cm2 at 0.4 A/cm2 was achieved at 650°C in H2/3% H2O using an electrolyte-supported SOFC.
Surface Crystallization of Rapamycin on Stents Using a Temperature Induced Process (2012)

Metallic drug eluting stents (DES) are usually prepared by coating with a drug-polymer matrix as a rate controlling diffusion barrier. However, coating materials may display numerous problems, thus carrier-free DES are desired, yet releasing drug over long period of time. For this, we are reporting a novel temperature induced (TI) crystallization process for coating rapamycin on stents. Rapamycin crystals with a defined morphology and target drug load were applied from supersaturated solution. This method enables fabrication of controllable and homogeneous crystalline coatings on stent scaffolds and allowing the drug to release for several weeks.
Construction of a Sequencing Library from Circulating Cell‐Free DNA (2016)

Circulating DNA is cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in serum or plasma that can be used for non-invasive prenatal testing, as well as cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and stratification. High-throughput sequence analysis of the cfDNA with next-generation sequencing technologies has proven to be a highly sensitive and specific method in detecting and characterizing mutations in cancer and other diseases, as well as aneuploidy during pregnancy. This unit describes detailed procedures to extract circulating cfDNA from human serum and plasma and generate sequencing libraries from a wide concentration range of circulating DNA.
Design and Analysis of Green Optical Line Terminals for TDM Passive Optical Networks (2016)

This paper proposes a novel scheme that can efficiently reduce the energy consumption of optical line terminals (OLTs) in time division multiplexing passive optical networks (PONs) such as ethernet PONs and gigabit PONs. Currently, OLTs consume a significant amount of energy in PONs, which is one of the major fiber-to-the-X technologies. To be environmentally friendly, it is desirable to reduce energy consumption of OLTs as much as possible, a requirement that becomes even more urgent as OLTs keep increasing their provisioning data rate; higher data rate provisioning usually implies higher energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient OLT structure that guarantees services to end users with the smallest number of power-on OLT line cards. More specifically, we adapt the number of power-on OLT line cards to the real-time incoming traffic. Also, in order to avoid service disruption resulting from powering off OLT line cards, proper optical switches are equipped in OLT to dynamically configure the communications between OLT line cards and optical network units.
Adenoviral‐mediated HGF expression inhibits germ cell apoptosis in rats with cryptorchidism (2004)

Adenoviral-mediated HGF gene transfer into the testis in the cryptorchidism rats inhibited germ cell apoptosis and restored spermatogenesis.
Experiences with web search on medical concerns and self diagnosis. (2009)

The wealth of medical information on the Web makes it convenient for non-experts to conduct their own diagnosis and healthcare assessment based on limited knowledge of signs, symptoms, and disorders. We present the findings of a survey aimed at exploring laypeoples' activities and experiences with using Web search to pursue explanations for symptoms. Survey findings suggest that the Web may influence anxiety levels and behaviors of those searching for information on undiagnosed conditions. A better understanding of consumer experience regarding the use of the Web to interpret symptoms can assist in the refinement of healthcare content and retrieval.
Enabling the integrated circuits of the future (2015)

The incorporation of new materials into CMOS scaling has become a necessity. Our previous work in SiGe and III-V integration shows promise in allowing further materials integration for increased transistor density. However, a principal concern is that investment returns by further increasing transistor density will likely be negative for all but possibly one or two corporations, and may be negative for all. The innovation of incorporating III-V and other materials monolithically into silicon CMOS is now leading us into a pre-paradigm age in which metrics at the materials or device level are not sufficient to determine innovative value for CMOS+X combinations in the marketplace. Such an age is, by definition, a challenge for all organizations participating in the previous paradigm: research organizations, government funding agencies, and public and private corporations. Despite these challenging times, we list the likely characteristics of a new innovation path, and describe our efforts to follow it through research into ‘white space’ integrated circuits employing new materials and devices. Initially, we are designing novel integrated circuits, materials and processes incorporating GaN HEMTs, GaN LEDs, and InGaAs HEMTs monolithically into existing silicon CMOS foundry processes. A modular process flow is incorporated so that the new devices can be modeled and incorporated into the design kit for a foundry process, allowing us to leverage much of the existing silicon design and manufacturing infrastructure. Our initial focus is on the demonstration of wafer-level integration of III-V devices with foundry 0.18 μm CMOS devices on 200 mm wafers, and we report on the progress made in materials, device and circuit design towards this goal.
Lung microenvironments harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis phenotypes with distinct treatment responses (2023)

Tuberculosis lung lesions are complex and harbor heterogeneous microenvironments that influence antibiotic effectiveness. Major strides have been made recently in understanding drug pharmacokinetics in pulmonary lesions, but the bacterial phenotypes that arise under these conditions and their contribution to drug tolerance are poorly understood. A pharmacodynamic marker called the RS ratio<sup>®</sup> quantifies ongoing rRNA synthesis based on the abundance of newly synthesized precursor rRNA relative to mature structural rRNA. Application of the RS ratio in the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model demonstrated that <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> populations residing in different tissue microenvironments are phenotypically distinct and respond differently to drug treatment with rifampin, isoniazid, or bedaquiline. This work provides a foundational basis required to address how anatomic and pathologic microenvironmental niches may contribute to long treatment duration and drug tolerance during the treatment of human tuberculosis.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of the halocarbene anions HCF−, HCCl−, HCBr−, HCI−, CF−2, and CCl−2 (1988)

The 488 nm photoelectron spectra are reported for the HCX(X̃1A′)+e−←HCX−(X̃2A″) and HCX(ã3A″)+e−←HCX−(X̃2A″) transitions in HCF−, DCF−, HCCl−, HCBr−, and HCI− and for the CX2(X̃1A1)+e−←CX−2(X̃2B1) transitions in CF−2 and CCl−2 . Adiabatic electron affinities are found to be 0.557±0.005 eV (HCF), 0.552±0.005 eV (DCF), 1.213±0.005 eV (HCCl), 1.556±0.008 eV (HCBr), 1.683±0.012 eV (HCI), 0.179±0.005 eV (CF2), and 1.603 ± 0.008 eV (CCl2). Bounds for the triplet excitation energies are determined for all the halocarbenes for which photoelectron spectra were observed, with the exception of CCl2. For the HCX halocarbenes, upper bounds for the triplet excitation energies are 14.7±0.2 kcal/mol (HCF, DCF), 11.4±0.3 kcal/mol (HCCl), and 9±2 kcal/mol (HCBr). A more detailed analysis of HCF suggests the actual triplet excitation energy to be 11.4±0.3 kcal/mol, 14.7±0.2 kcal/mol, or 8.1±0.4 kcal/mol, with the first value the most likely. Since the multiplicity of the ground state of HCl is not known, we report the energy of its first excited state to be less than 9±2 kcal/mol. The absence of an observed triplet state in the CF−2 photoelectron spectrum allows us to assign a lower bound on the triplet excitation energy of CF2 of 50 ± 2 kcal/mol.
1107. Gene Therapy Clinical Trials for Relapsed Leukemia with Infusions of the Suicide-Gene Transduced Donor Lymphocytes in Japan (2006)

Donor lymphocytes function as a double-edged sword in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), that is, they attack leukemic cells (graft versus leukemia-GVL) as well as patient’s normal tissues such as liver, intestines, and skin, (graft versus host disease-GVHD). The strong GVL reaction has made an infusion of donor lymphocytes (DLI) an effective treatment for relapsed leukemia after allo-SCT, especially for relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia. However, the use of DLI is severely limited by the risk of a potential life- threatening complication, GVHD. A phase I/II clinical study of DLI using donor lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector carrying the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene for patients affected by relapsed leukemia after allo-SCT started at the Tsukuba University Hospital in 2004 as the first clinical trial of leukemia gene therapy in Japan. This is aimed at control of severe GVDH by administration of ganciclovir (GCV) if it occurs while maintaining the maximum GVL effects. So far, we have done eight transduction procedures and infused the HSV-TK transduced donor lymphocytes into 4 patients (2 AML, 1 ALL, and 1 MDS). All patients received about 1x108 cells per kilogram of body weight. In the result, three out of four patients showed good responses such as inhibition of leukemic cell growth and lowering the values of molecular markers after infusions of the transduced cells. One AML patient showed complete remission and no relapse signs are observed on 6 months after the treatment. One patient developed grade III GVHD, and was successfully treated with ganciclovir, in the absence of immunesuppressive drugs. No adverse effects related to gene therapy are observed. Other trials for relapsed leukemia are under way. Details of the present study including additional cases will be presented.
Raf-1 promotes cell survival by antagonizing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 through a MEK–ERK independent mechanism (2001)

The Ser/Thr kinase Raf-1 is a protooncogene product that is a central component in many signaling pathways involved in normal cell growth and oncogenic transformation. Upon activation, Raf-1 phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), which in turn activates mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERKs), leading to the propagation of signals. Depending on specific stimuli and cellular environment, the Raf-1--MEK--ERK cascade regulates diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we describe a MEK--ERK-independent prosurvival function of Raf-1. We found that Raf-1 interacts with the proapoptotic, stress-activated protein kinase ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) in vitro and in vivo. Deletion analysis localized the Raf-1 binding site to the N-terminal regulatory fragment of ASK1. This interaction allows Raf-1 to act independently of the MEK--ERK pathway to inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, catalytically inactive forms of Raf-1 can mimic the wild-type effect, raising the possibility of a kinase-independent function of Raf-1. Thus, Raf-1 may promote cell survival through its protein-protein interactions in addition to its established MEK kinase function.
Online and Global Network Optimization: Towards the Next-Generation of Routing Platforms (2016)

The computation power of SDN controllers fosters the development of a new generation of control plane that uses compute-intensive operations to automate and optimize the network configuration across layers. From now on, cutting-edge optimization and machine learning algorithms can be used to control networks in real-time. This formidable opportunity transforms the way routing systems should be conceived and designed. This paper presents a candidate architecture for the next generation of routing platforms built on three main pillars for admission control, re-routing and monitoring that would have not been possible in legacy control planes.
Inhibition of PAIII Rat Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Growth and Metastasis by a New Diarylsulfonylurea Antitumor Agent, LY181984 (1992)

LY181984 is a compound in a series of orally active diarylsulfonylureas with broad spectrum in vivo activity against syngeneic rodent and human xenograft tumor models. The PAIII rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model was used to evaluate the effects of this antitumor agent on the lymphatic and pulmonary metastasis of the tumor in male Lobund Wistar rats. LY181984 was inactive against the proliferation of PAIII cells in vitro. Following subcutaneous implantation of 10(6) PAIII cells in the tail, oral administration of LY181984 (25.0, 50.0, or 100.0 mg./kg./day) for 30 days had no significant effects on body weight gain. LY181984 treatment produced significant (p less than 0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of primary tumor growth in the tail (max. inhibition = 46% from untreated control levels). In these same animals, LY181984 administration produced significant (p less than 0.05) dose-dependent inhibiton of PAIII metastasis from the primary tumor in the tail to the gluteal and iliac lymph nodes (maximal responses = 79% and 80% from control values, respectively). PAIII metastasis to the lungs was significantly inhibited by oral LY181984 treatment. Numbers of pulmonary foci in PAIII-bearing rats were significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced by LY181984 administration in a dose-dependent manner (maximal reduction = 78% from control values). While the non-toxic doses (less than 100.0 mg./kg./day for 28 days) of LY181984 produced marked decreases in tumor growth and metastasis, administration of the compound had no effect on the survival of PAIII-bearing rats. These data support the contention that LY181984 represents a new class of orally active antitumor and antimetastatic agents with potential efficacy in the treatment of hormone-insensitive prostatic cancer. Further studies are needed to define maximal efficacy of LY181984 and other sulfonylurea agents in urogenital solid tumor animal models.
Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical Image Generation: a Benchmark Dataset and Challenge Review (2023)

&lt;p&gt;For invasive breast cancer, immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques are often used to detect the expression level of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast tissue to formulate a precise treatment plan. From the perspective of saving manpower, material and time costs, directly generating IHC-stained images from hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) stained images is a valuable research direction. Therefore, we held the breast cancer immunohistochemical image generation challenge, aiming to explore novel ideas of deep learning technology in pathological image generation and promote research in this field. The challenge provided registered H&amp;E and IHC-stained image pairs, and participants were required to use these images to train a model that can directly generate IHC-stained images from corresponding H&amp;E-stained images. We selected and reviewed the five highest-ranking methods based on their PSNR and SSIM metrics, while also providing overviews of the corresponding pipelines and implementations. In this paper, we further analyze the current limitations in the field of breast cancer immunohistochemical image generation and forecast the future development of this field. We hope that the released dataset and the challenge will inspire more scholars to jointly study higher-quality IHC-stained image generation.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF ARYL KETONES FROM PALLADOCYCLES (1981)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion mit Säurechloriden (II) reagieren die Palladocyclen (I) spezifisch zu den Ketonen (III); lediglich die Chlorverbindung (IV) reagiert unter diesen Bedingungen nicht.