gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method to Improve Perceptual Quality of Intra- Refresh-Enabled Low-Latency Video Coding (2018)

A typical video encoder includes into the generated bit stream Instantaneous Decoder Refresh (IDR) units. This allows random access playback at the receiver side as well as graceful recovery from potential channel errors. Such forced IDR units typically come in repetitive patterns, which may negatively impact the perceived subjective quality if not handled properly. The reason is that the restricted encoding process of an IDR unit results in a different (regardless higher or lower) quality of reconstructed signal compared to the surrounding non-IDR ones. This causes eye-capturing irritating periodical artifacts when it occurs in patterns. This phenomenon gets to be even more pronounced when the intra refresh feature is enabled, since it forces IDR and nonIDR units to co-exist within the same picture, making the quality difference more noticeable. This paper proposes a method to hide such undesired patterns that naturally accompany the intra refresh feature. Two ideas are presented; the first one imposes restrictions that prevent unwanted fluctuations in the quantization levels between different regions of the picture, while the second hides the repetitive pattern by randomly forcing IDR blocks within specific regions of the refreshed picture. Results show that the proposed method results in improvements in subjective quality.
Stereochemical effects within archaeal glycolipid self-assembling: Langmuir films, SAXS and CryoTEM (2012)

International audience
Planar integrated optics for 3-D multistage interconnection networks (1996)

We propose a planar integrated optics for Banyan-type 3-D multistage interconnection networks. Result of planar optical experiment on signal and clock beam combination is presented.
Establishment of blood glycosidase activities and their excursions in sepsis (2022)

Glycosidases are hydrolytic enzymes studied principally in the context of intracellular catabolism within the lysosome. Therefore, glycosidase activities are classically measured in experimentally acidified assay conditions reflecting their low pH optima. However, glycosidases are also present in the bloodstream where they may retain sufficient activity to participate in the regulation of glycoprotein half-lives, proteostasis, and disease pathogenesis. We have, herein, established at physiological pH 7.4 in blood plasma and sera the normal ranges of four major glycosidase activities essential for blood glycoprotein remodeling in healthy mice and humans. These activities included β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase. We have identified their origins to include the mammalian genes <i>Glb1, HexB, Man2a1</i>, and <i>Fuca1</i>. In experimental sepsis, excursions of glycosidase activities occurred with differences in host responses to discrete bacterial pathogens. Among similar excursions in human sepsis, the elevation of β-galactosidase activity was a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of patient death.
Contribution à l'étude du système quinaire Ca++NH4+H+NO3−PO4−−−H2O. VIII. La polytherme de la saturation simultanée en phosphate monocalcique, phosphate monoammonique et phosphate double de calcium et d'ammonium (sel double DI) (1953)

Abstract 1° Dans le système quinaire Ca ++ NH 4 + H + NO 3 − PO 4 −−− H 2 O, nous avons établi, pour les températures de 0°, 25° et 50°, la composition de solutions simultanément saturées de phosphate monocalcique, de phosphate monoammonique et de sel double Ca 9 (NH 4 ) 4 H 32 (PO 4 ) 18 , 10H 2 O.
ChemInform Abstract: PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS POSSESSING ANTINIDATORY EFFECTS. 2. MODIFICATION OF THE E α CHAIN (1980)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des Lactons (I) mit 2‐Methoxypropen und anschließende Reduktion mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid (DIBAL) entsteht das Lactol (II), das gemäß dem Formelschema in die Triene (VIII) übergeführt wirdQDiese liegen als 1A′) 2:1‐Gemisch von trans‐ und cis‐Isomeren vor.
A novel variant form of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein in human lung cancer cell lines (2007)

3763 EGFR protein is frequently over expressed in various cancers and mutations occur in a subset of non small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Of interest, the EGFR/KRAS pathway has not been implicated in small cell lung cancers (SCLC). Several variant forms of EGFR (type I to V) exist in malignant cells. We found a novel truncated form of egfr protein in lung cancer cell lines. The estimated size of the truncated protein was approximately 112 kDa and matched the size of the band found by Western blotting. The frequency of the truncated protein was greater in small cell lung carcinoma SCLC lines (16/20, 80%) than in NSCLC) lines (3/20, 15%). Affected lung cancer cells expressed truncated band alone or both truncated and wild type EGFR forms. The truncated protein had a cytoplasmic rather than cell surface localization and was generated by a post transcriptional event. Immunoprecipitation and N-terminal Edman amino acid sequence of this truncated egfr protein showed the cleavage point to be located in the middle of exon 5. The phospholylation site (Tyr 1068) of the truncated protein was constitutively active and not influenced by ligand stimulation. We designed siRNAs targeted against either the extra or intra-cellular domains which resulted in EGFR expression knockdown and decrease of the downstream phosphorylated proteins BRAF and MAPK. Liquid and soft agar culture assays showed decreased tumor cell proliferation after RNA interference mediated EGFR knockdown. The truncated EGFR protein presents a novel therapeutic target, especially for SCLC.
Nematic to isotropic transition in chemically disordered or multicomponent liquid-crystalline polymers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNematic to isotropic transition in chemically disordered or multicomponent liquid-crystalline polymersGlenn H. Fredrickson and Ludwik LeiblerCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 2, 531–539Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00204a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00204a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Six-port based wave-correlator (2002)

A novel method for calibrating six-port based wave-correlators is reported in this paper. The calibration procedure uses only one phase shifter and offers simple formulas for determining the calibration parameters. Some experiments using a new six-port junction for the wave-correlator at X-band frequency was carried out and the results confirmed the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
[4-(3-Oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)alkanoic, phenyl and phenoxyalkanoic acids: synthesis and anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties]. (1989)

Based on previous observations, the preparation, some physicochemical (partition coefficient, pKa) and pharmacological properties of 4-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)alkanoic, benzoic, phenyl, phenoxyalkanoic acids and of some of their functional derivatives are reported. All new compounds were biologically examined for their antiphlogistic, analgesic and antipiretic actions, in comparison with those of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-one and with those of ibuprofen as the antiphlogistic, analgesic, antipyretic arylalkanoic prototype. Structure-activity relationships showed that the 1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-one and its new alkanoic and arylalkanoic derivatives have strong actions which are however specific for some of the tested pharmacological properties. From this point of view, the synthesized substances have a narrow spectrum of activity, if compared with ibuprofen which is at the same time an antiphlogistic, analgesic and antipiretic substance. The antiphlogistic and antipyretic activities of 4-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylmethylacetic acids and the antipyretic and analgesic actions of 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-ylacetic acid, which are comparable or higher in "potency" than those of ibuprofen, are noteworthy.
Regional characterization of energy metabolism in the brain of normal and MPTP-intoxicated mice using new markers of glucose and phosphate transport (2010)

The gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (AMLV) and the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that specifically bind nutrient transporters with their envelope glycoproteins (Env) when entering host cells. Here, we used tagged ligands derived from GALV, AMLV, and HTLV Env to monitor the distribution of their cognate receptors, the inorganic phosphate transporters PiT1 and PiT2, and the glucose transporter GLUT1, respectively, in basal conditions and after acute energy deficiency. For this purpose, we monitored changes in the distribution of PiT1, PiT2 and GLUT1 in the cerebellum, the frontal cortex, the corpus callosum, the striatum and the substantia nigra (SN) of C57/BL6 mice after administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridinium (MPTP), a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor which induces neuronal degeneration in the striato-nigral network.The PiT1 ligand stained oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and showed a reticular pattern in the SN. The PiT2 ligand stained particularly the cerebellar Purkinje cells, while GLUT1 labelling was mainly observed throughout the cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellar gray matter. Interestingly, unlike GLUT1 and PiT2 distributions which did not appear to be modified by MPTP intoxication, PiT1 immunostaining seemed to be more extended in the SN. The plausible reasons for this change following acute energy stress are discussed.These new ligands therefore constitute new metabolic markers which should help to unravel cellular adaptations to a wide variety of normal and pathologic conditions and to determine the role of specific nutrient transporters in tissue homeostasis.
(Invited) Strain and Phonon-Carrier Interactions in Ge-Si0.5Ge0.5 Core-Shell Nanowires Probed Using Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2015)

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is used to characterize nanoscale correlations between strain and nanowire dimensions in Ge-Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 core-shell nanowires, and to elucidate phonon-carrier interactions that are manifested via shifts in Raman peaks originating from Ge-Ge vibrational modes within the quantum-confined hole gas formed at the Ge-Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 interface. Two distinct peaks associated with Ge-Ge vibrational modes are observed – one arising from Ge-Ge vibrations in the nanowire Ge core region, and the other from Ge-Ge vibrations occurring within the quantum-confined hole gas at the Ge-Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 interface. Both peaks exhibit a dependence of Raman shift on local nanowire diameter consistent with coherent strain in the nanowire, demonstrating that the TERS measurements provide the ability to probe strain at the nanoscale. The separation between these peaks is a consequence of coupling between intervalence band transitions and the Ge-Ge phonon mode leading to Fano resonance behavior and a shift in the phonon self-energy.
On Calibration of Scene-Text Recognition Models (2020)

In this work, we study the problem of word-level confidence calibration for scene-text recognition (STR). Although the topic of confidence calibration has been an active research area for the last several decades, the case of structured and sequence prediction calibration has been scarcely explored. We analyze several recent STR methods and show that they are consistently overconfident. We then focus on the calibration of STR models on the word rather than the character level. In particular, we demonstrate that for attention based decoders, calibration of individual character predictions increases word-level calibration error compared to an uncalibrated model. In addition, we apply existing calibration methodologies as well as new sequence-based extensions to numerous STR models, demonstrating reduced calibration error by up to a factor of nearly 7. Finally, we show consistently improved accuracy results by applying our proposed sequence calibration method as a preprocessing step to beam-search.
Challenge of high power LPP-EUV source with long collector mirror lifetime for semiconductor HVM (2019)

Gigaphoton develops CO<sub>2</sub>-Sn-LPP EUV light source which is the most promising solution as the 13.5nm high power light source for HVM EUVL. Unique and original technologies including; combination of pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser and Sn droplets, dual wavelength laser pulses for shooting and debris mitigation by magnetic field have been applied. We have developed first practical source for HVM; "GL200E" in 2014. Then it is demonstrated which high average power CO<sub>2</sub> laser more than 20kW at output power in cooperation with Mitsubishi Electri. Pilot#1 is up running and it demonstrates HVM capability; EUV power recorded at 111W on average (117W in burst stabilized, 95% duty) with 5% conversion efficiency for 22 hour operation in October 2016. Availability is achievable at 89% (2 weeks average), also superior magnetic mitigation has demonstrated promising mirror degradation rate (= 0.5%/Gp) at 100W or higher power operation with dummy mirror test. We have demonstrated actual collector mirror reflectivity degradation rate is less than 0.4%/Gp by using real collector mirror around 125W (at I/F clean) in burst power during 30 Billion pulses operation. Recently we have redefined target power higher &lt;330W and its development plan. Also we will update latest challenges for &lt;330W average operation with actual collector mirror at the conference.
Thermal instability of Schottky diode barrier heights modified by inert ion sputter-etching damage (1986)

The barrier height of Schottky diodes made to dry-etched silicon surfaces differs from those fabricated on wet chemically etched silicon. Some have suggested utilization of this phenomenon to yield diodes for VLSI applications that display barrier enhancement to p-type silicon and barrier reduction to n-type silicon together with good diode ideality factors; however, it is shown here that the modified barrier heights can be dramatically unstable even when exposed to relatively low-temperature cycling, thus rendering this technique of enhancing the barrier height to p-type silicon and reducing the barrier height to n-type silicon inappropriate for conventional VLSI fabrication. It is hypothesized that the barrier instability is due to a localized silicide reaction or surface reconstruction occurring at the metal/silicon interface.
RNAi targeting of rootworm Troponin I transcripts confers root protection in maize (2018)

Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is the major agronomically important pest of maize in the US Corn Belt. To augment the repertoire of the available dsRNA-based traits that control rootworm, we explored a potentially haplolethal gene target, wings up A (wupA), which encodes Troponin I. Troponin I, a component of the Troponin-Tropomyosin complex, is an inhibitory protein involved in muscle contraction. In situ hybridization showed that feeding on wupA-targeted dsRNAs caused systemic transcript knockdown in D. v. virgifera larvae. The knockdown of wupA transcript, and by extension Troponin I protein, led to deterioration of the striated banding pattern in larval body muscle and decreased muscle integrity. Additionally, the loss of function of the circular muscles surrounding the alimentary system led to significant accumulation of food material in the hind gut, which is consistent with a loss of peristaltic motion of the alimentary canal. In this study, we demonstrate that wupA dsRNA is lethal in D. v. virgifera larvae when fed via artificial diet, with growth inhibition of up to 50% within two days of application. Further, wupA hairpins can be stably expressed and detected in maize. Maize expressing wupA hairpins exhibit robust root protection in greenhouse bioassays, with several maize transgene integration events showing root protection equivalent to commercial insecticidal protein-expressing maize.
Structure evolution in sputtered thin films of Tix(Ni, Cu)1−xI: Diffusive transformations (1997)

Abstract Diffusional transformations in Tix(Ni, Cu)1−x thin films, with x = 0.474, 0.492 and 0.510 and containing about 5 at.% Cu, have been studied in materials fabricated by triode magnetron sputtering at 473 K. As-deposited films were amorphous and crystallized during isochronal annealing by a polymorphic reaction to form a precipitate-free fine-grained austenite phase that supported supersaturation either of Ti or of Ni + Cu at 300 K. Subsequent isothermal annealing generated precipitates which assumed specific crystallographic orientations with the parent lattice. Grain boundaries were subject to precipitation of Ti4Ni2O x for both Ti-rich and Ni-rich compositions. (NiCu) 2 Ti precipitates were found in tetragonal forms, and both Ti4Ni2O x and Ni3Ti2 phases coexisted in the grain interiors in thin films of near-stoichiometric composition. Interface coherencies, misfit strain fields and special particle-matrix orientations were observed which have not been reported for alloys prepared by ingot metallurgy. As will be demonstrated in part II of this paper, these phenomena strongly influence thermoelastic martensite transformation behaviour.
Automatic Design of Low-Power Low-Voltage Analog Circuits Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Re-Initialization (2009)

In this paper, we present application and effectiveness of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for automatic sizing of analog circuits. An efficient re-initialization strategy is introduced to improve the performance of PSO Algorithm (referred as PSO-R). Four benchmark circuits, namely, (i) CMOS buffer chain, (ii) two-stage CMOS operational amplifier (op-amp), (iii) high-gain low-power low-voltage three-stage CMOS op-amp, and (iv) a recently reported ultra-low-power ultra-low-voltage CMOS Miller operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), are automatically designed using the PSO-R algorithm. For the purpose of comparison, these circuits are also designed using PSO, Hierarchical PSO (HPSO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Various CMOS technologies ranging from 0.35 μm down to 0.13 μm are used. PVT (process, voltage, and temperature) variations are taken into account and Spectre tool is used for circuit simulations. The PSO-R algorithm converges to a better solution compared to other algorithms for multiple design trials of various low-power low-voltage op-amp designs. For CMOS ultra-low-power ultra-low-voltage Miller OTA, even performance of the circuit designed by the PSO-R algorithm is better than that of recently reported manual design of the same circuit. For future ultra-low-voltage applications, this OTA is also designed in 0.4 V supply voltage. This 0.4 V OTA gives a DC gain of 75 dB, unity gain frequency of 50 MHZ, and dissipates a power of 550 nW. For this design, PSO-R algorithm has taken 19 minutes of CPU time on average on a Sun system with 1.2 GHz dual core processor and 8 GB RAM.
Divalent metal cations potentiate the predatory capacity of amoeba for Cryptococcus neoformans (2017)

Abstract Among the best studied interaction between soil phagocytic predators and a human pathogenic fungus is that of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Cryptococcus neoformans . The experimental conditions used in amoeba-fungal confrontation assays can have major effects on whether the fungus or the protozoan is ascendant in the interaction. In the presence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ in PBS, C. neoformans was consistently killed when incubated with A. castellanii . A. castellanii survived better in the presence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , even when incubated with C. neoformans . In the absence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , C. neoformans survived when incubated with A. castellanii , and the percentage of dead amoeba was higher than when incubated without yeast cells. These results show that the presence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ can make a decisive contribution toward tilting the outcome of the interaction in favor of amoeba. Of the two metals Mg 2+ had a stronger effect than Ca 2+ . Cations enhanced A. castellanii activity against C. neoformans through enhanced phagocytosis, which is the major mechanism for amoeba to kill fungal cells. We found no evidence that amoeba uses extracellular killing mechanisms in their interactions with C. neoformans . In summary, the presence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ enhanced cell adhesion on surface and motility of amoeba, thus increasing the chance for contact of C. neoformans and the frequency of phagocytosis. Our findings imply that divalent cation concentration in soils could be an important variable for whether amoeba can control C. neoformans in the environment. Importance Grazing of soil organisms by phagocytic predators such as amoeba is thought to select for traits that allow some of them to acquire the capacity for virulence in animals. Consequently, knowledge about the interactions between amoeba and soil microbes, such as pathogenic fungi, is important for understanding how virulence can emerge. We show that the interaction between amoeba and the pathogenic fungus C. neoformans is influenced by the presence of magnesium and calcium in the assay, which potentiate amoeba. The results may also have practical applications since enriching soils with divalent cations may reduce C. neoformans numbers in contaminated soils.