gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light management on industrial size c-Si solar cells by Si nanowires fabricated by metal-assisted etching (2012)

Absorption of the light by a solar cell can be improved significantly by light trapping structures formed on the front surface of the device. In particular, thin crystalline and amorphous solar cells are expected to benefit from the improved light absorption in a region closer to the surface of the cell. Recently, we have shown that vertically aligned silicon (Si) nanowires formed on flat (100) Si wafer surface by metal assisted etching can effectively be used for this purpose. In this paper we present demonstration of nanowire application to industrial size solar cell system and a comparison between flat and pyramid textured Si wafers. Standard procedures were followed to fabricate solar cells with and without Si nanowire process on mirror like and pyramid textured Si wafers. The dependence of the solar cell parameters on the process parameters was studied systematically. Reflection spectra showed successful light trapping behavior on the surface of the cells. In all samples, we have obtained excellent current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with high fill factors. However, the efficiency of the cells was found to decrease with the etch duration. This can be attributed to the increased recombination along the nanowires or increased surface area due to the roughening of the surface after etching process.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Methane by Photoexcited Copper Atoms and the Photochemistry of Methylcopper Hydride in Solid Methane Matrices. (1986)

Abstract The mechanism of the photoactivation of methane by Cu atoms to form MeCuH is discussed.
Lycovatine A, a C16N‐Type Quaternary Alkaloid from Lycopodium clavatum var. robustum. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: SECONDARY AMINE CATALYSIS OF THE OXIMATION OF ACETONE (1977)

Abstract Zahlreiche sekundäre Amine werden als Katalysatoren in der Oximierung von Aceton eingesetzt, z.B. Pyrrolidin, Morpholin oder Dimethylamin.
Cooperative communications with single relay (2008)

In this chapter, we consider single relay cooperative communications in wireless networks. We focus on the discussion of symbol error rate (SER) performance analysis and optimum power allocation for uncoded cooperative communications with either an amplify-and-forward (AF) or a selective decode-and-forward (DF) cooperation protocol. In this chapter and the rest of this book, we simply call the selective DF cooperation protocol a DF protocol without confusing it with the fixed DF relaying protocol.
Enhanced Signal Detection and Constellation Design for Massive SIMO Communications With 1-Bit ADCs (2023)

In this paper, we investigate a transmitter and receiver design for a single-user massive SIMO (single-input multiple-output) system with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the base station (BS), where the user adopts higher-order modulation, e.g., 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), for the data transmission. For the channel estimation and the signal detection, linear least-squares (LS) estimation and maximum ratio combining (MRC) are respectively employed. In this context, we first introduce closed-form formulas for the mean of the estimated symbols and for the correlation matrix between their real and imaginary parts considering the effect of 1-bit quantization. The study of the distribution of the estimated symbols indicates that, in presence of 1-bit ADCs, the conventional 16-QAM detector and the typical square 16-QAM modulation are not adequate. In light of this, we propose three novel symbol detectors and re-design the 16-QAM modulation in order to improve the symbol error rate (SER). Furthermore, the upper bound on the SER is analyzed based on the pair-wise error probability and the boundary equation between two regions is also studied. Through numerical results, the proposed framework, i.e., the symbol detector and the transmit constellation design, shows a significant enhancement in the SER performance against the conventional detector and the typical square 16-QAM modulation.
The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data (2019)

In the most comprehensive meta-analysis to date, PO was shown to be a safe and effective therapy for pain and global symptoms in adults with IBS.
Variable Differential-Group-Delay Module Without (2002)

We propose a design for a variable differential- group-delay (DGD), formed by concatenation of four identical fixed DGD segments. Due to the symmetry involved, it produces zero second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD). The generated third-order PMD is half the value of the conventional two-segment concatenation for variable DGD. Index Terms—Compensation, emulator, higher order polariza- tion mode dispersion (PMD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), variable differential group delay (DGD).
Measurements of jet multiplicity and differential production cross sections ofZ+jetsevents in proton-proton collisions ats=7  TeV (2015)

Measurements of differential cross sections are presented for the production of a $\mathrm{Z}$ boson and at least one hadronic jet in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, recorded by the CMS detector, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $4.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The jet multiplicity distribution is measured for up to six jets. The differential cross sections are measured as a function of jet transverse momentum and pseudorapidity for the four highest transverse momentum jets. The distribution of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta is also measured as a function of the jet multiplicity. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions at leading and next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD.
Materials physics based numerical simulation in powder metallurgical processing and calibration of material models (2016)

In powder metallurgical production the steps of pressing and sintering play an important role by resulting in a three-dimensional density distribution within the workpiece. Insufficient processing can lead to rejects or in case of subsequent thermomechanical deformation, influence the quality of final products. For a process optimization, numerical simulation becomes increasingly important because of its temporal and economic efficiency. However, reliable simulation depends heavily on material model parameters used for a specific powder. It is shown that accurate experimental calibration of these parameters is possible using small amounts of powder and laboratory equipment.
Preparations: Sections 11.31 – 11.40 (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: (R)-6,6′-Bis(tridecafluoro-n-hexyl)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl ((R)-Rf-BINAP). A Multi-Step Sequence to a Chiral Perfluoroalkylated Bidentate Phosphine Ligand 4-Fluorobenzyl 4-(4-Nitrophenyl)butyrate. The Mitsunobu Reaction with a Fluorous Phosphine and a Fluorous Dead Reagent (R)-6,6′-Bis[tris(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silyl]-1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol and (R)-6,6′-Bis[tris(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silyl]-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene 5α-Cholestan-3α-ol. Inversion of Configuration via the Mitsunobu Reaction with a Fluorous Gallic Acid 1,3-Bis(heptadecafluorooctyl)-5-chlorobenzene. Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylarenes from Aryl Bromides 3-tert-Butyl-5-heptadecafluorooctyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylarenes from Aryl Bromides 2-Phenyl-4-{[(tris(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silyl]methyl}-1,3,2-dioxaborolane. The Immobilization of Boronic Acids with a Fluorous Diol Ytterbium(III) Tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide. Preparation of a Highly Active Lanthanide Catalyst Bis(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene. Preparation from Cyclopenta-1,3-diene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane and 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctyl Triflate 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Tridecafluorodec-1-yne. Preparation from Ethynyldimethylphenylsilane and 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctyl Triflate
Stereo Electron Microscopy Applied to High Resolution Freeze-Etch Replicas (1970)

Freeze-etched membranes usually appear as relatively smooth surfaces covered with numerous small particles and a few small holes (Fig. 1). In 1966 Branton (1“) suggested that these surfaces represent split inner mem¬brane faces and not true external membrane surfaces. His theory has now gained wide acceptance partly due to new information obtained from double replicas of freeze-cleaved specimens (2,3) and from freeze-etch experi¬ments with surface labeled membranes (4). While theses studies have fur¬ther substantiated the basic idea of membrane splitting and have shown clearly which membrane faces are complementary to each other, they have left the question open, why the replicated membrane faces usually exhibit con¬siderably fewer holes than particles. According to Branton's theory the number of holes should on the average equal the number of particles. The absence of these holes can be explained in either of two ways: a) it is possible that no holes are formed during the cleaving process e.g. due to plastic deformation (5); b) holes may arise during the cleaving process but remain undetected because of inadequate replication and microscope techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Alkaloids from Cultured Hybrid Cells of Rauwolfia serpentina x Rhazya stricta. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Solution Approach for Lower Hessenberg Linear Systems (2011)

An approach is developed to obtain solutions to lower Hessenberg linear systems with general entries. The approach involves developing solution vectors for an extended lower Hessenberg linear system (having an extra column and an extra introduced unknown) for each nonzero term on the right hand side. The overall solution is then found through superposition and determination of the extra introduced unknown. The approach supports parallel solution algorithms without communication between processors, since each solution vector is computed independently of the others. The number of parallel processors needed will be equal to the number of nonzero right hand side terms.
Progesterone Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Endometrium: A Microarray Analysis in Clomiphene Citrate-Treated and Artificial Menstrual Cycles (2011)

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and fertilility problems and are at increased risk for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. Progesterone is required for successful embryo implantation and postimplantation embryo survival. Previous studies have shown that resistance to endogenous progesterone occurs in women with PCOS and could account for poor reproductive outcome and higher risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in these women. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate possible differences in gene expression between endometrium of PCOS women and that of normal fertile controls. A model of midsecretory phase endometrium in anovulatory PCOS women treated with progesterone was used to examine endometrial gene expression, independent of clomiphene citrate, an agent commonly used to induce ovulation. Secretory endometrial samples were obtained from fertile women with normal midsecretory endometrium (MSEn) and PCOS patients after induction of ovulation with either clomiphene citrate (PCOScc) or after daily progesterone injections that mimic midsecretory endometrium (PCOSp). Gene expression in endometrial biopsies from normal (MSEn) and PCOS women (PCOScc and PCOSp) was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Total RNA extraction and cDNA and cRNA generation and hybridization with high-density human genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays were performed. Data on gene significance were analyzed through analysis of variance using Gene Spring GX11and Ingenuity pathways analysis. Analysis of variance analysis of the 3 comparison groups yielded 5160 genes, 466 of which represented common genes that were differentially down- or upregulated in both PCOS groups compared with MSEn. In the PCOS endometrium, downregulated progesterone-regulated genes included GRB2-associated binding protein 1, claudin-4, leukemia inhibitory factor, mitogen-inducible gene 6, and S100P; cellular proliferation genes including anillin, cyclin B1, and cyclin E2 were upregulated. These findings show significant differences in gene expression between midsecretory PCOS and normal endometrium, demonstrating that progesterone resistance, independent of clomiphene citrate, may account for poor reproductive outcomes and increased risk for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in PCOS women.
Photonic crystal MEMS emitter for chemical gas sensing (2021)

A thermal emitter fabricated on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible facilities is a key component for low-cost mid-infrared gas sensing. While conventional thermal emitters have broad spectrum and wide emission angle, which limit the sensing performance. In this work, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based thermal emitter with photonic crystal has been designed and fabricated using CMOS-compatible technology. The photonic crystal enables the emission wavelength selectivity within mid-infrared regime. By engineering photonic crystal dimension, the emission enhancement wavelength can be matched to the fingerprint wavelength of chemical gas for efficient chemical gas sensing purpose.
A model for randomized resource allocation in decentralized wireless networks (2009)

In this paper, we consider a decentralized wireless communication network with a fixed number $u$ of frequency sub-bands to be shared among $N$ transmitter-receiver pairs. It is assumed that the number of active users is a random variable with a given probability mass function. Moreover, users are unaware of each other's codebooks and hence, no multiuser detection is possible. We propose a randomized Frequency Hopping (FH) scheme in which each transmitter randomly hops over a subset of $u$ sub-bands from transmission to transmission. We derive lower and upper bounds on the mutual information of each user and demonstrate that, for large Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values, the two bounds coincide. This observation enables us to compute the sum multiplexing gain of the system and obtain the optimum hopping strategy for maximizing this quantity. We compare the performance of the FH system with that of the Frequency Division (FD) system in terms of several performance measures and show that (depending on the probability mass function of the number of active users) the FH system can offer a significant improvement implying a more efficient usage of the spectrum.
Cotton Aphid Control, Chillicothe, TX, 1981 (1983)

Abstract Dryland-grown cotton was planted on Jun 25 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Chillicothe, TX. Six treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 6 rows wide by 24.4 m long and 102 cm between rows with 7.6-meter alleys separating replications. Spray applications were made with a 3-point hitch power takeoff sprayer mounted on a tractor traveling 4.12 kmph and delivering 86.0 liters total solution per hectare at 345 kPa. One application of each insecticide was made Aug 13. Aphids were counted on 15 terminal leaves and on 10 mid-height plant leaves. Leaves were picked about every 1 m of row. A sample was taken on Aug 13 just prior to treatment and post treatment samples were taken on Aug 17, 20 and 28 (3.5, 7, and 15 days post-treatment, respectively). Rainfall on Aug 16, 17 and 27 was 2.03, 1.27 and 2.80 mm, respectively. In each plot cotton from 4 row m was hand picked for yield on Nov 25. On each sampling date, 50 sweep samples were taken for beneficial insects.
Measurement of LiClO[sub 4] Diffusion Coefficient in Propylene Carbonate by Moire Pattern (2006)

The binary (molecular) diffusion coefficients of in propylene carbonate (PC) solution was measured by the Moiré pattern method. The Moiré pattern method has the advantage over standard electrochemical techniques in that it allows simultaneous measurements of local, i.e., concentration-dependent, diffusivities over the concentration range used in one single experiment, whereas electrochemical methods yield a single effective (i.e., integral) diffusivity over the same concentration range. At , the variation of the binary diffusion coefficient with concentration is from at to at . Linear extrapolation to the dilute concentration region yields a diffusion coefficient of (at ), in reasonable agreement with the self-diffusion coefficient of ion in nonaqueous solutions measured by the pulsed-gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The Stokes–Einstein parameter of the diffusivity is independent of concentration within 9% over the range and yields a Stokes radius for the pair of approximately .
RF interference in hearing aids from cellphones part 1: Near-field cellphone emissions measurements and the effects of hands (2015)

Cellular telephones (cellphones) are currently categorized for hearing aid compatibility based on a calculated value (metric) obtained from the measurement of near-field, radio-frequency emissions according to a procedure described in ANSI Standard C63.19 "Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communications Devices and Hearing Aids". There has been a lack of documentation, however, that relates this metric to a cellphone's potential for interference in actual use, that is, when it is held at the ear in a normal-use position by a hearing aid wearer. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we compare the ANSI C63.19 metric to simpler metrics, still based on the near-field test procedure of the standard, and to near-field measurements made when the cellphones are hand-held. The results justify employing a simpler no-hand metric than the exclusion area procedure presently specified by the standard, but not the addition of a test hand to the procedure. The further effect of the head and interaction with the hearing aid is examined in Part 2 of the series.
State (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: State Origins and Contemporary Relevance Beyond Europe: Diverse State Activity and Varieties of State Research Weber's Endurance Conclusion Further Reading
ISCEV extended protocol for the dark-adapted red flash ERG (2018)

The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard for full-field electroretinography (ERG) describes a minimum procedure, but encourages more extensive testing. This ISCEV extended protocol describes an extension to the ERG standard, namely the dark-adapted (DA) red flash ERG. The DA red flash ERG can be incorporated conveniently within the ISCEV standard ERG protocol after a minimum of 20-min DA and recorded after the DA 0.01 ERG to a flash strength of 0.3 phot cd s m<sup>-2</sup>, eliciting a waveform with two positive peaks in healthy individuals. The first positive component is the cone-mediated x-wave with a peak at 30-50 ms; the second is a rod-mediated b-wave with a peak time of approximately 100 ms. Shorter DA times may be desirable to shorten the recording time or to alter the prominence of the early cone-mediated x-wave relative to the rod-mediated b-wave. The DA red flash ERG is used to aid the diagnosis of achromatopsia (rod monochromacy), cone dystrophy and other forms of cone system dysfunction, including "Bradyopsia" (RGS9/R9AP-retinopathy), when the DA red flash ERG x-wave is preserved in the absence of ISCEV standard LA ERGs. The DA red flash ERG can also help determine the origin of residual DA ERGs in cases of severe rod dysfunction, for example in disorders such as vitamin A deficiency, fundus albipunctatus (RDH5-retinopathy), Oguchi disease (SAG- or GRK1-retinopathy) and some rod-cone dystrophies. To shorter DA periods, the x-wave may be elicited without the following rod b-wave, shown to be helpful in abbreviated protocols for children.
Plasma Aβ: A Possible Missing Link Between Alzheimer Disease and Diabetes (2013)

Currently, there are more than 30 million dementia patients worldwide (1). More than half of dementia is caused by Alzheimer disease (AD), which consists of both familial and sporadic forms. Familial AD is caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) (2) and presenilin genes (3). Both mutations cause overproduction of amyloid-β (Aβ), particularly its longer form, Aβ42, which is more prone to aggregate. It should be noted that familial AD accounts for a small proportion of all AD cases. On the other hand, sporadic cases comprise more than 95% of AD, and emerging evidence suggests that diabetes is a nongenetic risk factor for sporadic AD (4). While diabetes increases AD 1.5–2-fold, the mechanism whereby diabetes enhances AD risk has not been elucidated. As 285 million people battle diabetes worldwide against the backdrop of an aging society (5), understanding the relationship between AD and diabetes is of extreme importance.

Interestingly, several clinical reports have suggested that AD patients also have glucose intolerance, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between the two conditions (6,7). Supporting this idea are data from animal models such as APP + ob/ob mice showing that AD aggravates the diabetic phenotype (8,9). Although further evidence is still required to confirm this concept, it is intriguing to investigate the …
Surface photoconductivity of organosilicate glass dielectrics induced by vacuum-ultraviolet radiation (2013)

The temporary increase in the electrical surface conductivity of low-k organosilicate glass (SiCOH) during exposure to vacuum-ultraviolet radiation (VUV) is investigated. To measure the photoconductivity, patterned “comb structures” are deposited on dielectric films and exposed to synchrotron radiation in the range of 8–25 eV, which is in the energy range of most plasma vacuum-ultraviolet radiation. The change in photo surface conductivity induced by VUV radiation may be beneficial in limiting charging damage of dielectrics by depleting the plasma-deposited charge.
Speed and energy analysis of digital interconnections: comparison of on-chip, off-chip, and free-space technologies (1998)

We model and compare on-chip (up to wafer scale) and off-chip(multichip module) high-speed electrical interconnections withfree-space optical interconnections in terms of speed performance andenergy requirements for digital transmission in large-scalesystems. For all technologies the interconnections are firstmodeled and optimized for minimum delay as functions of theinterconnection length for both one-to-one and fan-outconnections. Then energy requirements are derived as functions ofthe interconnection length. Free-space optical interconnectionsthat use multiple-quantum-well modulators or vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers as transmitters are shown to offer aspeed-energy product advantage as high as 30 over that of the electrical interconnection technologies.