gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Synergic Methodology to Prepare ALD Honey‐Comb Anatase Films (2015)

Macroporous inorganic structures with high surface‐to‐volume ratio have been recognized as a centre of interest in many fields. Here, attention is focused on a hybrid synergic methodology to prepare honey‐comb (HC) anatase TiO 2 films with increased specific surface area. The breath figures (BFs) method is exploited to produce HC polystyrene (PS) templates and atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to conformally cover them with a TiO 2 coating. Different approaches are tested to preserve the HC‐TiO 2 structure during the conversion of the hybrid organic/inorganic materials into crystalline anatase films. Best results are obtained operating with ALD at 180 °C on pre‐UV cross‐linked substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Xanthones from Poeciloneuron pauciflorum and Mammea acuminata. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comment on "Organics Captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft" (2007)

Sandford et al. (Reports, 15 December 2006, p. 1720) reported on organic compounds captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft. We emphasize the difficulty in assigning the origin of compounds detected diffusely along particle impact tracks and show that rapid heating of aerogel that has never been exposed to cometary particle capture can generate complex aromatic molecules from low-mass carbon impurities present in the aerogel.
A Generalized and Robust Method Towards Practical Gaze Estimation on Smart Phone (2019)

Gaze estimation for ordinary smart phone, e.g. estimating where the user is looking at on the phone screen, can be applied in various applications. However, the widely used appearance-based CNN methods still have two issues for practical adoption. First, due to the limited dataset, gaze estimation is very likely to suffer from over-fitting, leading to poor accuracy at run time. Second, the current methods are usually not robust, i.e. their prediction results having notable jitters even when the user is performing gaze fixation, which degrades user experience greatly. For the first issue, we propose a new tolerant and talented (TAT) training scheme, which is an iterative random knowledge distillation framework enhanced with cosine similarity pruning and aligned orthogonal initialization. The knowledge distillation is a tolerant teaching process providing diverse and informative supervision. The enhanced pruning and initialization is a talented learning process prompting the network to escape from the local minima and re-born from a better start. For the second issue, we define a new metric to measure the robustness of gaze estimator, and propose an adversarial training based Disturbance with Ordinal loss (DwO) method to improve it. The experimental results show that our TAT method achieves state-of-the-art performance on GazeCapture dataset, and that our DwO method improves the robustness while keeping comparable accuracy.
ARD-1 cDNA from Human Cells Encodes a Site-specific Single-strand Endoribonuclease That Functionally Resembles Escherichia coli RNase E (1997)

The human ARD-1 (activator of RNA decay) cDNA sequence can rescue mutations in the Escherichia coli rne gene, which specifies the essential endoribonuclease RNase E, resulting in RNase E-like cleavages in vivo in rne-defective bacteria and in vitro in extracts isolated from these cells (Wang, M., and Cohen, S. N. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 10591-10595). Recent studies indicate that the 13.3-kDa protein encoded by ARD-1 cDNA is almost identical to the carboxyl-terminal end of the bovine protein NIPP-1, a nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1; separate transcripts formed by alternative splicing are proposed to encode the discrete ARD-1 and combined ARD-1/NIPP-1 products (Van Eynde, A., Wera, S., Beullens, M. , Torrekens, S., Van Leuven, F., Stalmans, W., and Bollens, M. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 28068-28074). Here we show that affinity column-purified protein encoded by human ARD-1 cDNA in E. coli is a site-specific Mg2+-dependent endoribonuclease that binds in vitro to RNase E substrates, cleaves RNA at the same sites as RNase E, and, like RNase E, generates 5' phosphate termini at sites of cleavage. Our results indicate that the ARD-1 peptide can function as a ribonucleolytic analog of E. coli RNase E as well as a domain of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, NIPP-1.
La Reunion Island (21S, 55.5E) SHADOZ/NDACC station: First re-processed ozonesonde data and comparisons with lidar measurementsat the Maïdo Observatory (2016)

La Reunion Island (21 • S, 55.5 • E) SHADOZ/NDACC station: First reprocessed ozonesonde data and comparisons with lidar measurements at the Maido Observatory. La Reunion Island has been launching ozonesondes since Septembre 1992 and is one of the few stations with long term ozone profile measurements in the tropics. Over time changes in instrumentation, sensing solution, and operating procedures have affected the homogeneity of the data set prompting a reprocessing of the data record. We highlight our reprocessing efforts and quantify changes in the data regard with respect to the original data. From May to July 2015, the MORGANE (Maido ObservatoRy Gas and Aerosol Ndacc Experiment) campaign has been carried out at the Maido Observatory (2200 masl). 12 ECC ozonesondes have been launched and their ozone profiles compared with the tropospheric and stratospheric lidar measurements. These comparisons show an agreement better than 20% in the troposphere and 10% in the stratosphere and are within the limits of the instruments' accuracy. Total ozone column values are in good agreement, less than 10%, with those of the co-located SAOZ and Aura's OMI satellite instruments. Additional comparisons have been performed during MORGANE between P-T-U profiles measured by the French meteorological radiosonde, Modem M10, and participating lidars operating at the Maido Observatory. Preliminary analysis of temperature, water vapor and wind profiles data are presented.
Wood consumption rates of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): a three-year study using groups of workers and soldiers. (2005)

Wood consumption of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki groups consisting of 200 workers and 50 soldiers was measured over time intervals of 2 mo at 27°C, 95% RH, at constant darkness for a period of 32 months. Consumption of wood was compared between termite groups feeding on yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton, and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. Wood consumption was significantly higher in the loblolly pine treatment, but the rate of decline of group wood consumption rates over time was not significantly different between treatments. Differences in consumption rate may have been due to differences in wood hardness rather than feeding preferences. Mean life span of termite groups was 518.3 ′ 46.5 and 584.3 ′ 51.1 days for the yellow birch and loblolly pine treatments, respectively. Approximately 30% of the termite groups exceeded a life span of 2 years; however, no termites differentiated into neotenic reproductives in any of the groups. Decline in wood consumption rates with group age fitted a negative linear model, which was used to estimate per capita wood consumption rates. Per capita wood consumption rates were estimated to be 86.9 ′ 2.2 and 101.3 ′ 1.2 μg/day for birch and loblolly pine food treatments, respectively.
Influence of Source Characteristics, Chemicals, and Flocculation on Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (2008)

The overall objective of this research was to investigate various methods and parameters to increase the efficiency of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT). The performance of CEPT was evaluated based on its efficiency of removal of nonsettleable solids (NSS). Some of the source characteristics that influenced NSS concentration included influent total suspended solids, influent turbidity, and influent total chemical oxygen demand. A higher concentration of the influent constituents led to a higher NSS concentration, suggesting that NSS represented a somewhat fixed fraction or percent of these influent constituents. The specific particle surface area (SPSA) was found to correlate with percent NSS in the effluent. A higher SPSA is a result of smaller-sized nonsettleable colloidal particles, thus leading to an increase in percent NSS. In summary, there are several parameters that affect NSS, which could be used to control NSS to improve CEPT, as demonstrated by this study.
Chemical transformations of the polyimide Kapton brought about by ultraviolet laser radiation (1995)

By the use of ultraviolet laser pulses of microsecond and millisecond duration it is shown that the chemistry of the transformations of Kapton by UV laser radiation is strongly dependent on the intensity (power/unit area) of the laser beam. With these long pulses, the polymer was not ablated. The decomposition resulted in 51% of the polymer weight being converted to gaseous products consisting mostly of CO (67%), HCN (15%), C2H2 (12%), and some (&amp;lt;5%) CO2. The major solid product that remained was ‘‘glassy’’ carbon which was identified from its Raman spectrum. This material can be viewed as the product of the secondary addition reactions of the residue that is left after the loss of the gaseous products listed above. With 20 ms pulses, the evolution of the gaseous products increased linearly with intensity and the product composition was constant within the experimental uncertainty over a 12-fold range of intensity up to 50 kW/cm2 (≡1 kJ/cm2). These results show that pulses of duration much greater than ns do not lead to ablation even at fluences that are 104 greater than the threshold for ablation using nanosecond pulses. It is therefore more appropriate to view the ablation of this polymer by UV laser pulses of nanosecond duration as being due to the scaling of an intensity threshold rather than a fluence threshold as has become the practice.
Septal Secretion of Protein A in Staphylococcus aureus Requires SecA and Lipoteichoic Acid Synthesis (2018)

Abstract Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are secreted across septal membranes for assembly into the bacterial cross-wall. This localized secretion requires the YSIRK/GXXS motif signal peptide, however the mechanisms supporting precursor trafficking are not known. We show here that the signal peptide of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is cleaved at the YSIRK/GXXS motif. A signal peptide mutant defective for cleavage can be crosslinked to SecA, SecDF and LtaS. SecA depletion blocks precursor targeting to septal membranes, whereas deletion of secDF diminishes SpA secretion into the cross-wall. Depletion of LtaS blocks lipoteichoic acid synthesis and promotes precursor trafficking to peripheral membranes. We propose a model whereby SecA directs SpA precursors to lipoteichoic acid-rich septal membranes for YSIRK/GXXS motif cleavage and secretion into the cross-wall.
Development of Continuous Solvent Extraction Processes For Coal Derived Carbon Products (2006)

In this reporting period, tonnage quantities of coal extract were produced but solid separation was not accomplished in a timely manner. It became clear that the originally selected filtration process would not be effective enough for a serious commercial process. Accordingly, centrifugation was investigated as a superior means for removing solids from the extract. Results show acceptable performance. Petrographic analysis of filtered solids was carried out by R and D Carbon Petrography under the auspices of Koppers and consultant Ken Krupinski. The general conclusion is that the material appears to be amenable to centrifugation. Filtered solids shows a substantial pitch component as well as some mesophase, resulting in increased viscosity. This is likely a contributing reason for the difficulty in filtering the material. Cost estimates were made for the hydotreatment and digestion reactors that would be needed for a 20,000 ton per year demonstration plants, with the aid of ChemTech Inc. The estimates show that the costs of scaling up the existing tank reactors are acceptable. However, a strong recommendation was made to consider pipe reactors, which are thought to be more cost effective and potentially higher performance in large scale systems. The alternate feedstocks for coke and carbon products were used to fabricate carbon electrodes as described in the last quarterly report. Gregory Hackett successfully defended his MS Thesis on the use of these electrodes in Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC), which is excerpted in Section 2.4 of this quarterly report.
Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2021)

A bstract The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb − 1 . The differential production cross sections of the D ∗ ± , D ± , and D 0 $$ \left({\overline{\mathrm{D}}}^0\right) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mfenced><mml:msup><mml:mover><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mfenced></mml:math> mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 &lt; p T &lt; 100 GeV and |η| &lt; 2 . 1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolites: Can They Be Synthesized by Design? (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Incremental programming of atrial anti-tachycardia pacing therapies in bradycardia-indicated patients: effects on therapy efficacy and atrial tachyarrhythmia burden (2003)

Device programming of ATP therapies can influence the number of treated episodes and the efficacy of ATP therapies although arrhythmic frequency and burden may not change. Total atrial arrhythmia burden is disproportionately influenced by long (>24 h) episodes.
High-speed path length scanning using a Herriott cell delay line (2001)

Summary form only given. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been extensively investigated as a diagnostic tool in a variety of medical fields, demonstrating its feasibility as a high speed, non-invasive, high resolution in vivo and in situ imaging modality. Typical OCT systems require a mechanically translating reference arm mirror to achieve axial scanning. Scan velocities for galvonometer based scanning systems are limited by mechanical inertia to approximately 3 cm/s with repetition rates of /spl sim/100 Hz. In order to remove motion artifact for imaging in vivo, image acquisition rates of several frames per second are necessary. We demonstrate a simple, low cost, alternative scanning delay line capable of scanning over several millimeters at 2 kHz repetition frequency. The system uses a multi-pass mirror geometry based on a Herriott type cell, which accumulates differential delays in each pass.
Localization and quantification of trace-gas fugitive emissions using a portable optical spectrometer (2018)

We present a portable optical spectrometer for fugitive emissions monitoring of methane (CH4). The sensor operation is based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), using a 5 cm open path design, and targets the 2ν<sub>3</sub> R(4) CH<sub>4</sub> transition at 6057.1 cm<sup>-1</sup> (1651 nm) to avoid cross-talk with common interfering atmospheric constituents. Sensitivity analysis indicates a normalized precision of 2.0 ppmv·Hz-<sup>1/2</sup>, corresponding to a noise-equivalent absorbance (NEA) of 4.4&times;10<sup>-6</sup> Hz<sup>-1/2</sup> and minimum detectible absorption (MDA) coefficient of αmin = 8.8&times;10<sup>-7</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>·Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>. Our TDLAS sensor is deployed at the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center (METEC) at Colorado State University (CSU) for initial demonstration of single-sensor based source localization and quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> fugitive emissions. The TDLAS sensor is concurrently deployed with a customized chemi-resistive metal-oxide (MOX) sensor for accuracy benchmarking, demonstrating good visual correlation of the concentration time-series. Initial angle-ofarrival (AOA) results will be shown, and development towards source magnitude estimation will be described.
<title>Advanced-laser processing of photonic and microelectronic components at Photonics Research Ontario</title> (1999)

Photonics Research Ontario (PRO) is an Ontario Provincial Center of Excellence supporting a broad range of laser- processing activities within its photonics program. These activities are centered at the University of Toronto, and split between an industrial-user facility and the individual research programs of principal investors. The combined effort furnishes forefront laser system and advanced optical tools to explore novel processing applications in photonic, biomedical, and microelectronic areas. Facilities include laser micromachining stations, excimer-based mask-projection stations, extremely short wavelength lasers such as the molecular fluorine laser, and ultrafast laser systems. The latter two advanced laser offer interesting advantages and contrast in processing 'difficult' materials through linear and nonlinear absorption processes, respectively. These laser systems provide fine precision and strong interaction with a wide range of materials, including 'transparent' glasses, and also ceramics and metals. Applications fall broadly into several areas: wafer-level circuit trimming, high-resolution ultrasonic transducers, and the shaping of optical waveguides and Bragg-gratings for photonic components. This paper summarizes the laser-processing infrastructure and research activities at PRO.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is a Preferential Substrate for Fatty Acid Nitration (2012)

The oxidation and nitration of unsaturated fatty acids by oxides of nitrogen yield electrophilic derivatives that can modulate protein function via post-translational protein modifications. The biological mechanisms accounting for fatty acid nitration and the specific structural characteristics of products remain to be defined. Herein, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is identified as the primary endogenous substrate for fatty acid nitration in vitro and in vivo, yielding up to 10(5) greater extent of nitration products as compared with bis-allylic linoleic acid. Multiple enzymatic and cellular mechanisms account for CLA nitration, including reactions catalyzed by mitochondria, activated macrophages, and gastric acidification. Nitroalkene derivatives of CLA and their metabolites are detected in the plasma of healthy humans and are increased in tissues undergoing episodes of ischemia reperfusion. Dietary CLA and nitrite supplementation in rodents elevates NO(2)-CLA levels in plasma, urine, and tissues, which in turn induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the colonic epithelium. These results affirm that metabolic and inflammatory reactions yield electrophilic products that can modulate adaptive cell signaling mechanisms.
A new normalized relatively stable lattice structure (1999)

This paper proposes a new lattice filter structure that has the following properties. When the filter is linear time invariant (LTI), it is equivalent to the celebrated Gray-Markel lattice. When the lattice parameters vary with time it sustains arbitrary rate of time variations without sacrificing a prescribed degree of stability, provided that the lattice coefficients are magnitude bounded in a region where all LTI lattices have the same degree of stability. We also show that the resulting linear time varying (LTV) lattice obeys an energy contraction condition. This structure thus generalizes the normalized Gray-Markel lattice which has similar properties but only with respect to stability as opposed to relative stability.
Does size matter? Lesion size as an indicator of number of cores needed to detect clinically significant prostate cancer. (2020)

283 Background: MRI/US fusion guided prostate biopsy (FBx) has been shown to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csCaP) at higher rates and with fewer cores than standard prostate biopsy. Size plays an important role in assigning a suspicion level (PI-RADS) to lesions identified on MRI. However, tumor characteristics may pose challenges to accurately characterizing the lesion despite the size. This study sought to determine if there are size cutoffs at which a lesion may be accurately characterized as clinically significant cancer with a single biopsy core. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing FBx at an academic referral center between May 2014 and January 2018 was conducted. At least two FBx cores were taken from each lesion identified on mpMRI. GEE-based univariate logistic regression model with exchangeable correlation was used determine if size was a significant predictor of positive and negative agreement. Predictability of size as a significant continuous predictor was quantified by AUC. Size thresholds at which multiple cores per lesion are needed to avoid missing &gt; 2% of csCaP were calculated, allowing for a 25% discordance rate. Results: An analysis of a total of 1141 FBx of 2200 lesions was performed during the study time interval. Size was a significant predictor of both positive (OR = 2.43, 1.83-3.23, p &lt; 0.01) and negative (OR = 0.58, 0.44-0.76, p &lt; 0.01) agreement of csCaP. AUC% for positive and negative agreement was 65.8 and 57.6, respectively. Size thresholds of 0.65 and 1.70 cm limited CS cancers missed by skipping a second targeted biopsy core to 2% while allowing for a 25% discordance. Conclusions: These data indicate that clinically significant prostate cancer in lesions less than 0.65 cm and greater than 1.70 cm may be characterized with a single targeted biopsy core, sparing 33.5% of lesions (21% patients) a double core targeted biopsy.
Optical frequency-interleaving full-duplex technique for fiber-optic transmission of 96-GHz-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave downlink signal and 10-Gb/s on-off-keying uplink signal (2015)

An optical frequency-interleaving full-duplex technique for fiber-optic transmission of 96-GHz-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave downlink signal and 10-Gb/s on-off-keying uplink signal is newly proposed. The proposed full-duplexing technique with a flexible wavelength channel selector is experimentally demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Glycopeptide Amides Under Mild Conditions: Morphiceptin Analogues. (1990)

Abstract Using the protected valeric acid derivative (I) as anchor group at an aminomethyl polystyrole resin, the synthesis of the title compounds (II) is achieved.