gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Voltage High-Energy α-Particle Detectors by GaN-on-GaN Schottky Diodes with Record-High Charge Collection Efficiency (2019)

A low voltage (-20 V) operating high-energy (5.48 MeV) α-particle detector with a high charge collection efficiency (CCE) of approximately 65% was observed from the compensated (7.7 × 10<sup>14</sup> /cm<sup>3</sup>) metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown 15 µm thick drift layer gallium nitride (GaN) Schottky diodes on free-standing n+-GaN substrate. The observed CCE was 30% higher than the bulk GaN (400 µm)-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) at -20 V. This is the first report of α-particle detection at 5.48 MeV with a high CCE at -20 V operation. In addition, the detectors also exhibited a three-times smaller variation in CCE (0.12 %/V) with a change in bias conditions from -120 V to -20 V. The dramatic reduction in CCE variation with voltage and improved CCE was a result of the reduced charge carrier density (CCD) due to the compensation by Mg in the grown drift layer (DL), which resulted in the increased depletion width (DW) of the fabricated GaN SBDs. The SBDs also reached a CCE of approximately 96.7% at -300 V.
Importance of borehole deviation surveys for monitoring of hydraulic fracturing treatments (2007)

ABSTRACT During seismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing treatment, it is very common to ignore the deviations of the monitoring or treatment wells from their assumed positions. For example, a well is assumed to be perfectly vertical, but in fact, it deviates from verticality. This can lead to significant errors in the observed azimuth and other parameters of the monitored fracture‐system geometry derived from microseismic event locations. For common hydraulic fracturing geometries, a 2° deviation uncertainty on the positions of the monitoring or treatment well survey can cause a more than 20° uncertainty of the inverted fracture azimuths. Furthermore, if the positions of both the injection point and the receiver array are not known accurately and the velocity model is adjusted to locate perforations on the assumed positions, several‐millisecond discrepancies between measured and modeled SH‐P traveltime differences may appear along the receiver array. These traveltime discrepancies may then be misinterpreted as an effect of anisotropy, and the use of such anisotropic model may lead to the mislocation of the detected fracture system. The uncertainty of the relative positions between the monitoring and treatment wells can have a cumulative, nonlinear effect on inverted fracture parameters. We show that incorporation of borehole deviation surveys allows reasonably accurate positioning of the microseismic events. In this study, we concentrate on the effects of horizontal uncertainties of receiver and perforation positions. Understanding them is sufficient for treatment of vertical wells, and also necessary for horizontal wells.
Media for Mounting Fixed Cells on Microscope Slides (2008)

INTRODUCTIONAfter a specimen is labeled, coverslips containing cells or tissues are mounted onto microscope slides, or slides containing sections are overlaid with a coverslip. A number of recipes for commonly used mounting media are presented in this article, each with particular recommendations.
DocAMR: Multi-Sentence AMR Representation and Evaluation (2021)

Despite extensive research on parsing of English sentences into Abstraction Meaning Representation (AMR) graphs, which are compared to gold graphs via the Smatch metric, full-document parsing into a unified graph representation lacks well-defined representation and evaluation. Taking advantage of a super-sentential level of coreference annotation from previous work, we introduce a simple algorithm for deriving a unified graph representation, avoiding the pitfalls of information loss from over-merging and lack of coherence from under-merging. Next, we describe improvements to the Smatch metric to make it tractable for comparing document-level graphs, and use it to re-evaluate the best published document-level AMR parser. We also present a pipeline approach combining the top performing AMR parser and coreference resolution systems, providing a strong baseline for future research.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Juice Exerts an Anticonvulsant Effect in Mice through Binding to GABA Receptors (2008)

Naturally occurring benzodiazepines have been identified in regular food such as wheat and potato, but there is still no evidence that potato extracts can affect CNS responses in vivo. Here we found that undiluted potato juice and potato juice diluted with saline 1 : 2 administered 10 min intracisternally ( I. C.) and 30 min per os before bicuculline exerted significant anticonvulsant activity in the bicuculline-induced seizure threshold test in mice. In vitro, potato juice from different harvests at dilution series from 10 % to 0.000001 %, diluted 100,000-fold, displaced 50 % of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor ligand [ (3)H]GABA and diluted 40-fold displaced 50 % of [(3)H]flunitrazepam from binding sites in mice forebrain membranes. The low content of diazepam (0.04 +/- 0.01 mg/kg) determined by HPLC and mass spectrometry in the potato extracts could not sustain the anticonvulsant activity of potato juice in vivo; therefore we hypothesized that potato juice might contain GABA (A) receptor GABA-site active compounds. The findings of this study suggest that potato juice as well as potato taken as food may have the capacity of influencing brain GABA-ergic activity.
A community-based forestry approach to poverty alleviation in Alabama's Black Belt Region (2009)

SUMMARY The Black Belt region of Alabama is endowed with immense forest resources. However, land-loss, high poverty, unemployment, and low education levels have persisted among African Americans, the majority population in the region. This paper discusses the approach, the challenges and the lessons learned by the Federation of Southern Cooperatives in their adaptation of a community-based forestry approach with a focus on social, economic and political benefits for private landowners. Education and technical assistance, coalition-building, networking and cooperative development strategies were used to increase land-retention, improve access to public and private services and implement land-based income-earning opportunities. This approach resulted in the engagement of a marginalised people in land-based poverty reduction strategies. However, many of the poorest have not yet realised the direct benefit of the community-based forestry approach because of its low credibility among private and public land ma...
Comparison of Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering and Fluorescence for Detection of a Labeled Antibody (2008)

A comparison is made of the quantitative detection of a labeled antibody by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) and by fluorescence using the same instrument with the same laser excitation source. The area under the curve for the fluorescence band is greater than for any single peak in the SERRS spectrum, but the broad fluorescence band is more difficult to discriminate from the background at low concentrations. Using the peak height of one SERRS band and the peak height at the fluorescence maximum, the detection limit for SERRS was lower (1.19 x 10-11 mol.dm-3) than that obtained using fluorescence (3.46 x 10-10 mol.dm-3). The SERRS detection limit is calculated for the concentration of the sample added, but compared to fluorescence, there is an additional dilution step due to the addition of the colloid and the extent of this dilution is dependent on assay format. For comparison with the detection limits found earlier with labeled oligonucleotides, SERRS was remeasured with a 10 s accumulation time, and the final concentration in the cuvette after colloid addition and before any adsorption to the silver was used to calculate a detection limit of 2.79 x 10-13 mol.dm-3. This is comparable to the detection limit found using a similar SERRS procedure for an oligonucleotide labeled with the same dye. This experiment is dependent on many parameters that could affect this result, including the nature of the SERRS substrate, the excitation wavelength, and the dye chosen. However, the result indicates that SERRS can give assay sensitivities comparable or better than fluorescence for quantitative direct assay determination, suggesting that the much greater potential for multiple analyte detection could be exploited.
Crystal Structures of and Displacive Transitions in OsN2, IrN2, RuN2, and RhN2 (2006)

Unerwartete Kristallstrukturen: Die vorgestellten Edelmetallpernitride haben überraschende Kristallstrukturen, vor allem IrN2 und OsN2, deren Strukturtypen nie vorher bei Nitriden festgestellt wurden (siehe Bild; violett: Metallion, grün: Anion). Darüber hinaus werden die Kristallstrukturen der noch nicht synthetisierten Verbindungen RuN2 und RhN2 vorhergesagt. In IrN2 werden druckinduziert ein displaziver Phasenübergang und ein Halbleiter-Metall-Übergang beobachtet. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604151_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Table 2 from Preclinical Studies on the Mechanism of Action and the Anti-Lymphoma Activity of the Novel Anti-CD20 Antibody GA101 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS - 25K, Supplementary Table 2&lt;/p&gt;
Continuously functioning artificial nephron system: The promise of nanotechnology (2005)

Nearly 900,000 patients worldwide have end-stage renal disease and require dialysis or kidney transplantation. Despite the availability of these forms of renal replacement therapy for nearly four decades, mortality and morbidity are high and patients often have a poor quality of life. We have developed a human nephron filter (HNF) utilizing nanotechnology that would eventually make feasible a continuously functioning, wearable or implantable artificial kidney. The device consists of two membranes operating in series within one device cartridge. The first membrane mimics the function of the glomerulus, using convective transport to generate a plasma ultrafiltrate containing all solutes approaching the molecular weight of albumin. The second membrane mimics the function of the renal tubules, selectively reclaiming designated solutes to maintain body homeostasis. No dialysis solution is used in this device. The HNF has been computer-modeled, and operating 12 hr per day, 7 days per week the HNF provides the equivalent of 30 mL/min glomerular filtration rate (compared to half that amount for conventional thrice-weekly hemodialysis). Animal studies should begin in the next 1 to 2 years, and clinical trials would then follow 1 to 2 years subsequent. The HNF system, by eliminating dialysate and utilizing a novel membrane system created through applied nanotechnology, represents a breakthrough in renal replacement therapy based on the functioning of native kidneys. The enhanced solute removal and wearable design should substantially improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Molecular origins of mutational spectra produced by the environmental carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine and SN1 chemotherapeutic agents (2023)

DNA-methylating environmental carcinogens such as <i>N</i>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and certain alkylators used in chemotherapy form <i>O</i> <sup>6</sup>-methylguanine (m6G) as a functionally critical intermediate. NDMA is a multi-organ carcinogen found in contaminated water, polluted air, preserved foods, tobacco products, and many pharmaceuticals. Only ten weeks after exposure to NDMA, neonatally-treated mice experienced elevated mutation frequencies in liver, lung and kidney of ∼35-fold, 4-fold and 2-fold, respectively. High-resolution mutational spectra (HRMS) of liver and lung revealed distinctive patterns dominated by GC→AT mutations in 5'-Pu-G-3' contexts, very similar to human COSMIC mutational signature SBS11. Commonly associated with alkylation damage, SBS11 appears in cancers treated with the DNA alkylator temozolomide (TMZ). When cells derived from the mice were treated with TMZ, <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosourea, and streptozotocin (two other therapeutic methylating agents), all displayed NDMA-like HRMS, indicating mechanistically convergent mutational processes. The role of m6G in shaping the mutational spectrum of NDMA was probed by removing MGMT, the main cellular defense against m6G. MGMT-deficient mice displayed a strikingly enhanced mutant frequency, but identical HRMS, indicating that the mutational properties of these alkylators is likely owed to sequence-specific DNA binding. In sum, the HRMS of m6G-forming agents constitute an early-onset biomarker of exposure to DNA methylating carcinogens and drugs.
Essential Roles for the Tec Family Kinases Tec and Btk in M-CSF Receptor Signaling Pathways That Regulate Macrophage Survival (2008)

Tec family kinases have important roles in lymphocytes; however, little is known about their function in monocytes/macrophages. In this study we report that Tec family kinases are essential for M-CSF (M-CSF)-induced signaling pathways that regulate macrophage survival. Compared with wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) cultures, Tec(-/-)Btk(-/-) BMM cultures displayed increased cell death that correlated with a severe drop in macrophage numbers. In addition, macrophages deficient in either Tec or Btk showed expression and activation of caspase-11. Elucidation of M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) signaling pathways revealed that the total tyrosine phosphorylation pattern upon M-CSF stimulation was altered in Tec(-/-)Btk(-/-) macrophages despite normal expression and phosphorylation of the M-CSFR. Further, Tec and Btk are required for proper expression of the GM-CSF receptor alpha (GM-CSFRalpha) chain in macrophages but not dendritic cells, implicating Tec family kinases in the lineage-specific regulation of GM-CSFRalpha expression. Taken together, our study shows that Tec and Btk regulate M-CSFR signaling-induced macrophage survival and provides a novel link between Tec family kinases and the regulation of caspase-11 and GM-CSFRalpha expression.
A Mixed Thermal Convection Criteria for a Printed Circuit Board (2001)

Abstract Mixed convection is a fundamentally significant heat transfer problem that occurs in a wide range of industrial and technological applications. For example, it is of great interest to thermal designers in the field of electronic cooling. Given that its occurrence is frequent, there is a necessity to understand its physics. This investigation is focused on a horizontal cylinder in cross-flow, at low Reynolds numbers of order 100–102 and high Grashof numbers of order 104 and at the Prandtl number for air. Particle image velocimetry and interferometric measurements for these cases clearly show the range of Gr/Re2 for which mixed convection occurs. Infra red temperature measurements from a printed circuit board mounted in a test electronic system at similar values of Grashof and Reynolds number are then presented which exhibit similar mixed convection phenomena. The novelty lies in using the detailed measurements from the cylinder experiments to explain the temperature distribution across the printed circuit board. To do this requires finding the correct and characteristic lengths in the similarity condition. This should therefore allow the designers of electronic systems to estimate the values of Reynolds and Grashof number for which buoyancy effects need to be considered. This in turn will enable the designer to better predict the circuit board temperature distribution and component reliability.
A polynomial time algorithm for the conjugacy problem in Zn o Z (2014)

catalaEn aquest article introduim un algorisme que, en temps polinomial, resol el problema de la conjugacio (en les seves dues variants, de decisio i de cerca) per a grupsde la forma lliure abelia per infinit ciclic, amb els inputs donats en forma normal. Fem aixo adaptant els resultats de Bogopolski–Martino–Maslakova–Ventura a [1] ide Bogopolski–Martino–Ventura a [2], als grups en questio i, en certs casos, usem un algorisme de Kannan–Lipton [7] per a resoldre el problema de l’`orbita a Zn en temps polinomial. EnglishIn this paper we introduce a polynomial time algorithm that solves both the conjugacy decision and search problems in free abelian-by-innite cyclic groups where the input is elements in normal form. We do this by adapting the work of Bogopolski, Martino, Maslakova, and Ventura in [1] and Bogopolski, Martino, and Ventura in [2], to free abelian-by-innite cyclic groups, and in certain cases apply a polynomial time algorithm for the orbit problem over Zn by Kannan and Lipton [7].Keywords: Conjugacy problem, semidirect product. MSC (2010): Primary 20F10, Secondary 20E06.
UV Laser Beam Stabilization System for the European XFEL Electron Injector Laser Beamline (2015)

We present a beam drift stabilization system for the 22 m UV-laser beam delivery to the electron gun of the European XFEL. The camera-based system is robust to dynamic variations in power, beam size and shape.
SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES TO SARS-COV-2 VACCINATION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND The immune response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is uncertain in those with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) due to a diverse array of immune-modifying therapies that vary in the mechanism of immunosuppression. AIM We aimed to quantify the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in those with IBD and determine antibody levels across varying therapeutic options. METHODS Individuals with IBD who received first and/or second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and/or AstraZeneca) were assessed for serological response (2–4 weeks after first dose; 2–8 weeks after second dose and 8–18 weeks after second dose) using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The cohort was stratified based on age, sex, vaccine received, IBD type, IBD therapeutic, and prior confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The primary outcome was seroconversion defined as IgG levels of ≥50 AU/mL. Secondarily, we evaluated the geometric mean titer (GMT) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Table 1 describes the characteristics of individuals with IBD (n=464) with serological data following the first dose (n=266) and/or second dose (n=303) of a COVID-19 vaccine. After the first dose of the vaccine, 81.6% seroconverted, with the lowest first-dose conversion rates in patients taking anti-TNF monotherapy (79.7%), anti-TNF combination therapy (52.9%), and corticosteroids (50.0%) (Table 1). Overall, 98.4% of the cohort seroconverted within 2–8 weeks of the second dose, with 94.6% seropositive within 8–18 weeks of the second dose. Seroconversion after second dose was consistently high across all medication classes (range: 94.6%–100.0%), except for oral corticosteroids (62.5%). GMT levels significantly increased (p&amp;lt;0.0001) from first dose (1679 AU/mL) to second dose at 2–8 week (7943 AU/mL) but fell significantly (&amp;lt;0.0001) to 3565 AU/mL 8–18 weeks from second dose (Table 1, Figure 1). GMT levels 2–8 weeks after second dose were higher in those with prior COVID-19 (12,729 AU/mL), but lower in those receiving anti-TNF combination therapy (4231 AU/mL) and oral corticosteroids (5996 AU/mL) (Table 1). CONCLUSION Seroconversion rates following full-regimen vaccination are high in patients with inflammatory bowel disease across all medication classes except for anti-TNF combination therapy and oral corticosteroids. Antibody titres and seroconversion rates tend to decrease after 8 weeks post-full vaccination, which is consistent across medication classes.
The Impact of Distance to Treatment Center on the Outcome of AML (2010)

Abstract Abstract 4742 Introduction While the distance patients travel to a treatment center (DTC) adversely impacts survival of patients with trauma, cardiac, or neurological disorders, as well as certain solid tumors, less is known of its influence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Care for patients with AML involves frequent emergent and urgent management, often complicating primary therapy provided in distant tertiary referral centers. We therefore hypothesized that increased DTC has a negative impact on outcome. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the effect of DTC on survival of patients with AML receiving care at a single institution. Patients and Methods Within the Stanford Leukemia Database, we identified 884 consecutive adult patients between 1993 and 2009 meeting the following criteria: age &gt;=18, newly diagnosed AML (excluding APL), clinical management at Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC), and verified residence location available for DTC determination. Of these, 571 were deemed fit by the admitting physician to receive myelosuppressive induction chemotherapy. DTC was calculated by straight-line journey distance between home address at the time of diagnosis and treatment center. Results The median age for the entire cohort is 55 years and 322 patients (36%) are older than 60 years of age. Median survival for the entire cohort was 14.0 months. DTC was not univariately associated with outcome as a continuous variable. When testing for a critical DTC threshold impacting outcomes across the entire cohort, we found a significant correlation between longer DTC and adverse outcomes, shorter DTC was associated with lower OS. Patients living within 20 miles of SUMC had a worse median overall survival (10.4 months versus 15.0 months, HR 1.23, corrected p-value 0.02). However, when adjusted for administration of induction chemotherapy (p&lt;0.0001), age at presentation (p&lt;0.0001) and karyotype at diagnosis (CBF vs other; p-value- 0.92), the negative impact of DTC was lost (p=0.08). Conclusion After accounting for confounding factors, DTC has no significant impact on the outcome of newly diagnosed AML patients receiving care at our institution. Unlike non-hematologic malignancies, distance to treatment center likely does not adversely influence outcomes for patients with AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Copolymer Melts in Disordered Media (1996)

We have considered a symmetric AB block copolymer melt in a gel matrix with preferential adsorption of A monomers on the gel. Near the point of the microphase separation transition such a system can be described by the random field Landau-Brazovskii model, where randomness is built into the system during the polymerization of the gel matrix. By using the technique of the 2-nd Legendre transform, the phase diagram of the system is calculated. We found that preferential adsorption of the copolymer on the gel results in three effects: a) it decreases the temperature of the first order phase transition between disordered and ordered phase; b) there exists a region on the phase diagram at some small but finite value of the adsorption energy in which the replica symmetric solution for two replica correlation functions is unstable with respect to replica symmetry breaking; we interpret this state as a glassy state and calculate a spinodal line for this transition; c) we also consider the stability of the lamellar phase and suggest that the long range order is always destroyed by weak randomness.
Recycling of two molecular catalysts in the hydroformylation/aldol condensation tandem reaction using one multiphase system (2020)

Recycling of catalysts in tandem reactions is of great importance to efficiently execute multiple conversions in one synthesis step.
Enhanced Therapeutic Angiogenesis by Cotransfection of Prostacyclin Synthase Gene or Optimization of Intramuscular Injection of Naked Plasmid DNA (2003)

Overall, angiogenesis might be enhanced by cotransfection of prostacyclin synthase gene or an increase in injection volume and osmotic pressure. These data provide important information for the clinical application of therapeutic angiogenesis to treat peripheral arterial disease.