gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mixed‐variable continuously deforming finite element method for parabolic evolution problems. Part II: The coupled problem of phase‐change in porous media (1989)

Abstract The conceptual framework of a least squares rate variational approach to the formulation of continuously deforming mixed‐variable finite element computational scheme for a single evolution equation was presented in Part I. 1 In this paper (Part II), we extend these concepts and present an adaptively deforming mixed variable finite element method for solving general two‐dimensional transport problems governed by a system of coupled non‐linear partial differential evolution equations. In particular, we consider porous media problems that involve coupled heat and mass transport processes that yield steep continuous moving fronts, and abrupt, discontinuous, moving phase‐change interfaces. In this method, the potentials, such as the temperature, pressure and species concentration, and the corresponding fluxes, are permitted to jump in value across the phase‐change interfaces. The equations, and the jump conditions, governing the physical phenomena, which were specialized from a general multiphase, multiconstituent mixture theory, provided the basis for the development and implementation of a two‐dimensional numerical simulator. This simulator can effectively resolve steep continuous fronts (i.e. shock capturing ) without oscillations or numerical dispersion, and can accurately represent and track discontinuous fronts (i.e. shock fitting ) through adaptive grid deformation and redistribution. The numerical implementation of this simulator and numerical examples that demonstrate the performance of the computational method are presented in Part III 2 of this paper.
Characterization of gonadal sex cord-stromal tumor cell lines from inhibin-alpha and p53-deficient mice: the role of activin as an autocrine growth factor. (1994)

Inhibin-alpha-deficient mutant mice have been generated by a targeted deletion of the inhibin-alpha gene through homologous recombination in murine embryonic stem cells. Essentially all of the homozygous mutants develop gonadal sex cord-stromal tumors. To investigate their endocrine and proliferative characteristics, gonadal tumor cells were maintained in vitro. Cells from inhibin-alpha-deficient mice multiplied poorly; however, cells from mice deficient in both inhibin-alpha and p53 proliferated rapidly and showed higher saturation density and plating efficiency, thus allowing the establishment of clonal tumor cell lines. Although negligible estrogen and testosterone was produced by the clonal cells, high levels of progesterone were secreted. A clonal testis tumor cell line (inhibin-alpha/p53 deficient) showed no response to exogenous FSH, human CG (hCG), or inhibin A but exhibited a 6- to 8-fold increase in progesterone production in response to forskolin treatment. The stimulatory effect of forskolin was, however, partially blocked by activin treatment. Northern blot analysis revealed inhibin beta A and beta B mRNA expression in these cells. Furthermore, Western blot analyses indicated the secretion of the beta A-subunit protein. We further tested the role of activin on tumor cell growth. Treatment with follistatin, an activin-binding protein, inhibited tumor cell replication in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, treatment with activin A stimulated tumor cell growth by itself and partially blocked follistatin action. Incorporation of thymidine into DNA of these cells was also stimulated by activin. In addition, treatment with antiactivin A serum inhibited tumor cell replication and blocked the stimulatory action of activin on cell growth. The activin action is likely mediated by specific receptors because cross-linking of [125]activin to the 50-55 kilodalton type I and 75-80 kilodalton type II receptors was found using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Northern blot analysis also revealed follistatin mRNA expression in the tumor cells, suggesting these cells are related to granulosa cells. Our findings indicate that activin can act as an autocrine growth factor in stimulating the proliferation of gonadal tumor cell lines derived from inhibin-alpha and p53-deficient mice and inhibits progesterone production. These tumor cell lines are useful for studies on the regulation of gonadal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis as well as the signaling pathway mediating activin action.
139 A Novel Nanoparticle Approach to Induce Colorectal and Vaginal Mucosal Immunity (2011)

Many infections, including HIV, are transmitted through mucosal surfaces. Where T cell immunity is needed to protect, we have previously found that local mucosal immunity is most effective. Moreover, intrarectal immunization was the most effective route of several we compared to induce such immunity in the GI mucosa. However, the intrarectal route may not be the most acceptable for human vaccination. We hypothesized that we might mimic intrarectal immunization if we could deliver the vaccine to the colorectal mucosa, and might be able to do so by a more practical oral route of delivery if we could bypass destruction in the stomach and induction of oral tolerance in the small intestine. We have now accomplished this in mice by using a novel construct of pH-dependent microparticles encapsulating nanoparticles that contain the vaccine. The particles are designed to avoid uptake of the microparticles or release of the nanoparticles until they reach the large intestine. This oral vaccine induced a level of T cell immunity in the large intestinal mucosa that rivaled that induced by direct intrarectal delivery, and resulted in comparable protection against intrarectal or intravaginal challenge with a recombinant virus. In contrast, vaccine particles targeted to the small intestine resulted in greater T cell immunity in the small intestine but not in the large intestine, and failed to protect against intrarectal or intravaginal viral challenge. Thus, with these directed particles, we have been able to demonstrate functional compartmentalization of the gut mucosal immune system for T cell immunity, and to develop an orally delivered vaccine capable of providing protection against rectal or vaginal mucosal challenge.
Kallistatin Stimulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration In Vitro and Neointima Formation in Balloon-Injured Rat Artery (2000)

Kallistatin, a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), is expressed in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. The potential function of kallistatin in vascular biology was investigated by studying its role in the proliferation and migration of cultured primary aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro and in neointima formation in rat artery after balloon angioplasty in vivo. Exogenous kallistatin induced a >2-fold increase of VSMC proliferation and cell growth as measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and cell counts and a 2.3-fold increase of cell migration in modified Boyden chambers. In balloon-injured vessels, endogenous kallistatin mRNA and protein levels increased up to 10-fold as determined by competitive polymerase chain reaction and by ELISA. Intense staining of kallistatin mRNA was identified in the proliferating VSMCs of balloon-injured arteries during cell migration from media to neointima by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. We observed an induction of kallistatin expression by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and upregulation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity by kallistatin in cultured VSMCs. Conversely, adenovirus-mediated transfer of kallistatin antisense cDNA into cultured VSMCs inhibited PDGF-induced p42/44 MAPK activity and cell proliferation. Furthermore, local delivery of adenovirus carrying kallistatin antisense cDNA significantly downregulated kallistatin mRNA levels and attenuated neointima formation in balloon-injured rat arteries in vivo. These results indicate that kallistatin may play an important role in mediating PDGF-induced MAPK pathway on VSMC proliferation and in neointima formation after balloon angioplasty.
Toward uniform implementation of parametric map Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine standard in multisite quantitative diffusion imaging studies (2017)

This paper reports on results of a multisite collaborative project launched by the MRI subgroup of Quantitative Imaging Network to assess current capability and provide future guidelines for generating a standard parametric diffusion map Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) in clinical trials that utilize quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Participating sites used a multivendor DWI DICOM dataset of a single phantom to generate parametric maps (PMs) of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) based on two models. The results were evaluated for numerical consistency among models and true phantom ADC values, as well as for consistency of metadata with attributes required by the DICOM standards. This analysis identified missing metadata descriptive of the sources for detected numerical discrepancies among ADC models. Instead of the DICOM PM object, all sites stored ADC maps as DICOM MR objects, generally lacking designated attributes and coded terms for quantitative DWI modeling. Source-image reference, model parameters, ADC units and scale, deemed important for numerical consistency, were either missing or stored using nonstandard conventions. Guided by the identified limitations, the DICOM PM standard has been amended to include coded terms for the relevant diffusion models. Open-source software has been developed to support conversion of site-specific formats into the standard representation.
Substituenteneffekte auf die CC‐Bindungsstärke, 10. Resonanzstabilisierung von Alkylradikalen durch zwei geminale Cyangruppen (1991)

Effects of Substituents on the Strength of C–C Bonds, 10. – Resonance Stabilization of Alkyl Radicals by Two Geminal Cyano Groups The activation parameters of the homolytic cleavage of the C q – C q bonds of several dialkylated malonodinitriles ( 2 – 5 ) and of 1,1,2,2‐tetracyanoethane ( 7 ) and the heat of dissociation of 6 in solution have been determined. Together with the ground state strain of the radical precursors (obtained from the heats of combustion or EFF calculations) the steric influence on the dissociation process has been determined. The resonance stabilization energy of α,α'‐dicyanoalkyl radicals then calculated was (12.4 ± 0.9) kcal/mol. This result is discussed within the concept of capto‐dative stabilization. The destabilizing interaction of two geminal cyano groups is apparently the same in the ground state of 2 – 7 and the radicals generated from them.
Duodenal mucosal resurfacing: Multicenter experience implementing a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020)

<b>Background and study aims </b> Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is an endoscopic procedure which improves insulin resistant metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this report was to evaluate the feasibility and procedural aspects of DMR and to provide more specific DMR procedural guidance for endoscopists. <b>Patients and methods </b> In this international multicenter, prospective, open-label study, patients on oral anti-diabetic agents for treating T2DM underwent single DMR. DMR entails circumferential submucosal lifting followed by circumferential mucosal hydrothermal ablation using an over-the-guidewire balloon catheter for lifting and ablation. For the first 28 patients a dual catheter system was used. During the study, a new integrated catheter was developed which was used for the latter 18 patients. During DMR, procedure success (complete DMR: duodenal ablation length ≥ 9 cm) and procedure duration were captured. <b>Results </b> Forty-six patients underwent DMR. Using the dual catheter system, a complete DMR was performed in 22 of 28 patients (79 %). In the next eighteen patients who underwent DMR with the integrated catheter, a complete DMR was performed in 15 of 18 patients (83 %). The integrated catheter facilitated the DMR procedure and resulted in a reduction in procedure time. A detailed table and video are provided for future endoscopists. <b>Conclusions </b> In our multicenter study, DMR was found to be feasible in the hands of experienced endoscopists. The integrated DMR catheter was a welcome modification during the study, allowing for easier ablation administration. Further optimization of the technique would be valuable prior to widespread dissemination.
In Situ Radiation Hardness Study of Amorphous Zn–In–Sn–O Thin-Film Transistors with Structural Plasticity and Defect Tolerance (2023)

Solution-processed metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) with different metal compositions are investigated for ex situ and in situ radiation hardness experiments against ionizing radiation exposure. The synergetic combination of structural plasticity of Zn, defect tolerance of Sn, and high electron mobility of In identifies amorphous zinc-indium-tin oxide (Zn-In-Sn-O or ZITO) as an optimal radiation-resistant channel layer of TFTs. The ZITO with an elemental blending ratio of 4:1:1 for Zn/In/Sn exhibits superior ex situ radiation resistance compared to In-Ga-Zn-O, Ga-Sn-O, Ga-In-Sn-O, and Ga-Sn-Zn-O. Based on the in situ irradiation results, where a negative threshold voltage shifts and a mobility increase as well as both off current and leakage current increase are observed, three factors are proposed for the degradation mechanisms: (i) increase of channel conductivity, (ii) interface-trapped and dielectric-trapped charge buildup, and (iii) trap-assisted tunneling in the dielectric. Finally, in situ radiation-hard oxide-based TFTs are demonstrated by employing a radiation-resistant ZITO channel, a thin dielectric (50 nm SiO<sub>2</sub>), and a passivation layer (PCBM for ambient exposure), which exhibit excellent stability with an electron mobility of ∼10 cm<sup>2</sup>/V s and aΔ<i>V</i><sub>th</sub> of <3 V under real-time (15 kGy/h) gamma-ray irradiation in an ambient atmosphere.
A useful preparation of ultrasmall iron oxide particles by using arc plasma deposition (2020)

Finely size-controlled ultrasmall iron oxide particles (IOPs) on graphene nanosheets were usefully prepared by using pulsed arc plasma deposition. The IOPs are composed of a high crystallinity single γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> component without annealing.
Photonic States in Superconductor-Dielectric Semi-Infinite Structures (2009)

The photooxidation of calf gamma-crystallin has been investigated in (a) riboflavin-sensitized reaction and (b) direct photolysis of the tryptophan residues of the protein at 300 nm. Partial insolubilization of the protein is evident by the increase in turbidity of the photolyzed protein solution. The turbidity is diminished when anaerobic conditions are used for irradiation. Spectroscopic studies on the soluble phase of the photolyzed protein reveal significant changes in the near-UV circular dichroism spectrum, suggesting that changes in the tertiary structure of the protein precede insolubilization. Isoelectric focusing analyses reveal that the gamma-crystallin polypeptides have more acidic pI's after photooxidation under both conditions. The insoluble protein is highly crosslinked into dimers and higher oligomers via covalent, non-disulfide crosslinks, but inter-subunit crosslinking is negligible in the soluble phase of the photolyzed protein. The mechanism of photooxidation involves the generation of H2O2 in the riboflavin-sensitized reaction. In the direct photolysis of tryptophan residues by 300 nm irradiation, there is a rapid disruption of the protein structure, apparently by the oxidation of the hydrophobic tryptophan residues.
Organic solvent free PbI2 recycling from perovskite solar cells using hot water (2023)

Perovskite solar cells represent an emerging and highly promising renewable energy technology. However, the most efficient perovskite solar cells critically depend on the use of lead. This represents a possible environmental concern potentially limiting the technologies' commercialization. Here, we demonstrate a facile recycling process for PbI<sub>2</sub>, the most common lead-based precursor in perovskite absorber material. The process uses only hot water to effectively extract lead from synthetic precursor mixes, plastic- and glass-based perovskites (92.6 - 100% efficiency after two extractions). When the hot extractant is cooled, crystalline PbI<sub>2</sub> in high purity (> 95.9%) precipitated with a high yield: from glass-based perovskites, the first cycle of extraction / precipitation was sufficient to recover 94.4 ± 5.6% of Pb, whereas a second cycle yielded another 10.0 ± 5.2% Pb, making the recovery quantitative. The solid extraction residue remaining is consequently deprived of metals and may thus be disposed as non-hazardous waste. Therefore, exploiting the highly temperature-dependent solubility of PbI<sub>2</sub> in water provides a straightforward, easy to implement way to efficiently extract lead from PSC at the end-of-life and deposit the extraction residues in a cost-effective manner, mitigating the potential risk of lead leaching at the perovskites' end-of-life.
Design and optimization of support structures for tactile feedback (2013)

Vibration motors are often used to generate tactile feedback to enhance human-machine interactions and provide information about the environment. We are interested in using these motors to enhance user feedback when wearing below-knee prostheses by providing informational cues via vibrations on the thigh. Our initial designs to hold the motors against the thigh resulted in a weak perception of vibration. We took an engineering approach to improve sensation by modeling the system and designing a new device that maximized skin displacement. Our results show the new suspended design increased skin displacement for both types of vibrational motors.
Coding and Information-Theoretic Aspects of Multiple Antenna Communication Systems (2005)

Future wireless networks will be required to transmit real-time multimedia data reliably with high speed and low latency. This demands new approaches to the design and analysis of wireless networks. In this context, multiple antenna architectures are a promising solution which provide wireless systems with a high degree of functionality, adaptability, capacity, and\nrobustness. However, efficient use of these systems is possible only by solving a number of critical problems.\n\nIn this dissertation, we focus on coding and information theoretic aspects of multiple antenna systems. Knowledge in these areas provides us\nwith guidelines into analysis and design of systems, reveals inherent limitations, pinpoints problems and opportunities for improvement, and\nalso allows for rigorous argument and justification of observations. We present novel results on multiple antenna communication systems with both theoretical and practical impacts. In the area of coding theory, performance limits and error bounds for space-time codes will be discussed, along with guidelines for systematic design of space-time codes in the presence of the channel correlation profile. In the area of information theory, a unified approach to the capacity analysis of multiple antenna channels\nwill be discussed. We also present a novel partial ordering relation on fading channels that is helpful in information theoretic analysis of compound and non-stationary channels.\n\nThe results of the dissertation can be generalized\nto multiple-user channels. This could lead to a solid understanding of fundamental limits of wireless systems and opportunities for opening new trends and paradigms for future generations of wireless networks.
Cryopreservation of Human Mucosal Leukocytes (2016)

Leukocytes from cervicovaginal and colorectal tissues can be cryopreserved with good recovery of functional, viable cells using several different cryopreservation media. The number and volume of washes has an experimentally meaningful effect on the percentage of cells recovered. We provide a detailed, step-by-step protocol with best practices for cryopreservation of mucosal leukocytes.
CTNI-27. SINGLE AGENT ACTIVITY OF ONC201 IN NON-MIDLINE H3 K27M-MUTANT DIFFUSE GLIOMAS (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma is an invariably lethal form of brain cancer that disproportionately affects children and young adults and has no effective treatment following front-line radiation. The initial disease definition in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System regarded the H3 K27M mutation as pathognomonic, though the definition was updated in 2018 restricting the diagnosis to histologically diffuse gliomas that involve midline CNS structures (cIMPACT-NOW update 2). ONC201 is an investigational anti- cancer small molecule, DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist that has induced durable tumor regressions by RANO-HGG criteria in a registration cohort of recurrent diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant patients treated with single agent ONC201. METHODS We present 7 patients with H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas were enrolled in ONC201 clinical studies, excluded from the registration cohort due to involvement of non-midline CNS structures, all within the cerebral hemispheres (3 frontal, 1 temporal, 1 frontotemporal, 1 parietal, and 1 corona radiata). RESULTS Two of the 7 patients underwent objective responses by RANO-HGG criteria as assessed by investigator, which was associated with clinical benefit that included increased mobility and level of alertness. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that H3 K27M-mutant diffuse gliomas occur outside of midline CNS structures, and suggest that ONC201 has single agent activity in H3 K27M-mutant gliomas irrespective of CNS location.
Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radicals as Three‐Carbon Insertion Units: Easy Synthesis of C‐15 Macrocyclic Ketones by Three‐Carbon Ring Expansion. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supplementary document for Free-form broadband flat lenses for visible imaging - 5007442.pdf (2021)

Supplementary Information