gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interlayer thickness dependence of 90° exchange coupling in Co2MnAl/Cr/Co2MnAl epitaxial trilayer structures (2009)

The spacer layer thickness dependence of interlayer exchange coupling has been investigated in the fully epitaxial trilayers of the Co2MnAl (CMA)/Cr/CMA structure. A series of high-quality samples of CMA (20 nm)/Cr (tCr=0.3–8.1 nm)/CMA (10 nm) trilayers was prepared on a MgO substrate by ultrahigh vacuum compatible dc sputtering. Comparison of the results of the experiments and the simulations of magnetization curves revealed novel behavior, dominating the 90° coupling and the absence of 180° coupling. No clear oscillation, only a peak of the 90° coupling strength (J2∼−0.68 erg/cm2), was observed at tCr=1.2 nm.
Orthogonal Pilot Channel Using Combination of FDMA and CDMA in Single-Carrier FDMA-Based Evolved UTRA Uplink (2008)

In the Evolved UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) uplink, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) radio access was adopted owing to its advantageous low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) feature, which leads to wide coverage area provisioning with limited peak transmission power of user equipments. This paper proposes orthogonal pilot channel generation using the combination of FDMA and CDMA in the SC-FDMA-based Evolved UTRA uplink. In the proposed method, we employ distributed FDMA transmission for simultaneous accessing users with different transmission bandwidths, and employ CDMA transmission for simultaneous accessing users with identical transmission bandwidth. Moreover, we apply a code sequence with a good auto-correlation property such as a Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) sequence employing a cyclic shift to increase the number of sequences. Simulation results show that the average packet error rate performance using an orthogonal pilot channel with the combination of FDMA and CDMA in a six-user environment, i. e., four users each with a 1.25-MHz transmission bandwidth and two users each with a 5-MHz transmission bandwidth, employing turbo coding with the coding r of R=1/2 and QPSK and 16QAM data modulation coincides well with that in a single-user environment with the same transmission bandwidth. We show that the proposed orthogonal pilot channel structure using the combination of distributed FDMA and CDMA transmissions and the application of the CAZAC sequence is effective in the SC-FDMA-based Evolved UTRA uplink.
High Altitude: An Unusual Cause of Neurological Deterioration in a Patient with an Arteriovenous Malformation (1985)

High altitude associated with neurological deterioration is an unusual presentation for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A case report of a man with a left temporal occipital AVM who developed symptoms that were markedly intensified by exposure to high altitude is presented. The AVM was removed surgically, and all symptoms resolved. The pathogenesis of this unusual AVM symptom complex is discussed in this report.
Ultra-thin lensless camera using a bare sensor and computational techniques (2017)

We demonstrate a computational image reconstruction using only a bare CMOS sensor and accidental imperfections. Once sensor is calibrated using LED array, complex objects displayed not only on LED array but also on LCD display could be reconstructed. We are now pursuing the direct use of raw sensor images in machine learning without reconstruction.
A comprehensive framework enabling data-minimizing authentication (2011)

Classical authentication mechanisms have various drawbacks such as the weak security properties they achieve, users' privacy, service providers' data quality, and the necessary protection of the collected data. Credential-based authentication is a first step towards overcoming these drawbacks. When used with anonymous credentials, the personal data disclosed can be reduced to the minimum with respect to a business purpose while improving the assurance of the communicated data. However, this privacy-preserving combination of technologies is not used today. One reason for this lack of adoption is that a comprehensive framework for privacy-enhancing credential-based authentication is not available. In this paper we review the different components of such an authentication framework and show that one remaining missing piece is a translation between high-level authentication policies and the cryptographic token specification level. We close this gap by (1) proposing an adequate claim language specifying which certified data a user wants to reveal to satisfy a policy and by (2) providing translation algorithms for generating the anonymous credentials (cryptographic tokens) providing the data to be revealed. For the latter we consider the Identity Mixer and the U-Prove technologies, where we provide detailed translation instructions for the former.
Direct CD137 costimulation of CD8 T cells promotes retention and innate-like function within nascent atherogenic foci (2019)

Effector CD8 T cells infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions and are correlated with cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms regulating their recruitment and retention are not well understood. CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor induced on immune cells and expressed at sites of human atherosclerotic plaque. Genetic variants associated with decreased CD137 expression correlate with carotid-intimal thickness and its deficiency in animal models attenuates atherosclerosis. These effects have been attributed in part to endothelial responses to low and disturbed flow (LDF), but CD137 also generates robust effector CD8 T cells as a costimulatory signal. Thus, we asked whether CD8 T cell-specific CD137 stimulation contributes to their infiltration, retention, and IFNγ production in early atherogenesis. We tested this through adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells into recipient C57BL/6J mice that were then antigen primed and CD137 costimulated. We analyzed atherogenic LDF vessels in normolipidemic and PCSK9-mediated hyperlipidemic models and utilized a digestion protocol that allowed for lesional T-cell characterization via flow cytometry and in vitro stimulation. We found that CD137 activation, specifically of effector CD8 T cells, triggers their intimal infiltration into LDF vessels and promotes a persistent innate-like proinflammatory program. Residence of CD137<sup>+</sup> effector CD8 T cells further promoted infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells with IFNγ-producing potential, whereas CD137-deficient CD8 T cells exhibited impaired vessel infiltration, minimal IFNγ production, and reduced infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells. Our studies thus provide novel insight into how CD137 costimulation of effector T cells, independent of plaque-antigen recognition, instigates their retention and promotes innate-like responses from immune infiltrates within atherogenic foci. <b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Our studies identify CD137 costimulation as a stimulus for effector CD8 T-cell infiltration and persistence within atherogenic foci, regardless of atherosclerotic-antigen recognition. These costimulated effector cells, which are generated in pathological states such as viral infection and autoimmunity, have innate-like proinflammatory programs in circulation and within the atherosclerotic microenvironment, providing mechanistic context for clinical correlations of cardiovascular morbidity with increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and markers of activation in the absence of established antigen specificity.
A New On-Sun Test Facility At The ‘SUNRISE’ Quantum-Dot-Enhanced CPV Module Demonstration System (2011)

A 2.5 kW peak, CPV demonstrator and testing facility has been deployed in Ottawa, Canada's northern climate (45.45°N, 75.62°W). In order to analyze the most important influences on overall system performance, the demonstrator was fully instrumented and a versatile system model was developed. Three inputs are currently evaluated in the model: spectral variation throughout the day, an optical transfer function (OTF) of the concentrating optics and the solar cell external quantum efficiency (EQE). The model has shown that the introduction of an OTF that absorbs/scatters light across the spectrum and cuts off wavelengths below 400 nm shifts the entire system efficiency curve down and its peaks to lower air mass (AM) values.
Voxel-wise Intermodal Coupling Analysis of Two or More Modalities using Local Covariance Decomposition (2022)

Abstract When individual subjects are imaged with multiple modalities, biological information is present not only within each modality, but also between modalities – that is, in how modalities covary at the voxel level. Previous studies have shown that local covariance structures between modalities, or intermodal coupling (IMCo), can be summarized for two modalities, and that two-modality IMCo reveals otherwise undiscovered patterns in neurodevelopment and certain diseases. However, previous IMCo methods are based on the slopes of local weighted linear regression lines, which are inherently asymmetric and limited to the two-modality setting. Here, we present a generalization of IMCo estimation which uses local covariance decompositions to define a symmetric, voxel-wise coupling coefficient that is valid for two or more modalities. We use this method to study coupling between cerebral blood flow, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, and local connectivity in 803 subjects ages 8 through 22. We demonstrate that coupling is spatially heterogeneous, varies with respect to age and sex in neurodevelopment, and reveals patterns that are not present in individual modalities. As availability of multi-modal data continues to increase, principal-component-based IMCo (pIMCo) offers a powerful approach for summarizing relationships between multiple aspects of brain structure and function. An R package for estimating pIMCo is available at: https://github.com/hufengling/pIMCo .
Regulation of capillary exchange capacity in the dog stomach (1985)

The capillary exchange capacity of the isolated, perfused dog stomach was investigated during vasoconstriction (norepinephrine) and vasodilation (isoproterenol) and compared with values obtained when blood flow to the stomach was decreased or increased mechanically. The capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c) was used as an index of capillary exchange capacity. Under resting conditions, Kf,c in the isolated stomach was 0.20 +/- 0.02 ml . min-1 . mmHg-1 . 100 g-1. Vasoconstriction and mechanical reduction in blood flow caused Kf,c to fall to 68 and 58% of control, while vasodilation and mechanical increase in blood flow caused Kf,c to rise to 176 and 231% of control, respectively. Pentagastrin produced an increase in gastric oxygen consumption and a 50% increase in Kf,c. In all instances, capillary exchange capacity appeared to be correlated with gastric blood flow. The data suggest there is little local control of precapillary sphincter tone in the stomach and that capillary exchange capacity may be governed by local pressure within the microvasculature.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Multifunctional Host Defence Peptides (2010)

Host defence peptides (HDPs) are multi-functional inducers and effectors of host immunity. Through their direct antimicrobial activity HDPs have for been successfully utilized for many years as topical antibiotics and food preservatives. The more recent appreciation of HDP immunomodulatory activities offers additional opportunities for application as systemic antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory agents and vaccine adjuvants. HDPs have demonstrated proof-of-principle success in each of these applications. Optimization of HDPs for these objectives will benefit from a greater comprehension of the structural basis of their various activities. Such an understanding will facilitate rational design and/or selection of peptides with enhanced properties. This is complicated, however, by the diversity of HDP sequences, structures and mechanisms of action. Furthermore, while the ability of HDPs to undergo template-driven formation of bioactive structures enables these small peptides to perform a diverse range of actions it also complicates efforts to understand contributions of particular structural features to specific activities. With recognition of these limitations, but consideration of the emerging importance of this exciting class of molecules, we review the current understanding of the structural basis of select HDP activities as well as present strategies for HDP selection and optimization.
Sensitivity Analysis with Correlated Inputs for Volumetric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Prospects (2014)

Summary Assessing risk and volumetric estimates of hydrocarbon prospects in a probabilistic manner has become industry-standard in the last twenty years. This means that the G&amp;G teams are asked to translate their expertise and their data in a number of probability distributions for volumetric, fluid and even economical parameters. In recent years, it is becoming more and more common to introduce linear correlations and other more complex dependencies among some of these input parameters’ distributions, in order to get meaningful results representing the local geology of the prospect. For this reason, classical diagnostic tools focusing on the relative importance of the input parameters, such as tornado diagrams, are becoming too simplistic. In the present work, we investigate a number of alternative approaches for performing a more accurate pre-drill diagnosis of importance factors. The first one is based on Global Sensitivity Analysis methodology and includes the computation of first, second and total order indices to quantify contribution from uncertain input parameters to uncertainty of the model prediction. The second one is based on an analysis of variance approach via a randomization over all the possible orderings of the input variables. Both these approaches allow a precise computation of the relative importance of the different factors, without losing the dependency structure existing among the variables. We illustrate and contrast these approaches using a few simplified yet realistic case studies focusing on volumetric estimates of hydrocarbon prospects.
MBE growth of large diameter InP-based lattice-matched and metamorphic HBTs (2002)

InAlAs/InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) structures were grown lattice-matched on InP substrates and metamorphically on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Generic structures with a thin base of 500 /spl Aring/ and doped at 4/spl times/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ were chosen to support the frequency response required for advanced wireless and fiber-optic telecommunication products. Beryllium- and carbon-doped large-area devices were found to exhibit similar DC characteristics. No significant difference in current gain or linearity was observed for metamorphic devices compared to their lattice-matched counterparts.
Interleukin-18 in Combination with IL-2 Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity without Inducing Large Amounts of IFN- gamma In Vivo (2000)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is known to synergistically enhance murine natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro when combined with either IL-12 or IL-2. However, it has also been demonstrated that simultaneous administration of IL-18 and IL-12 to mice induces extraordinarily large amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the serum. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination of IL-18 and IL-2 on in vivo NK cell activation in parallel with the induction of toxicity. In contrast to the IL-18 and IL-12 combination, the combined administration of IL-18 and IL-2 to BALB/c mice for 3 days induced neither high levels of IFN-gamma production nor other visible side effects. When compared with treatment with IL-18 or IL-2 alone, the combined treatment resulted in a significant increase in the number of DX-5 (pan-NK cells marker)-positive cells in spleens and a marked enhancement of splenic NK activity, as determined by standard cytotoxicity assays. Enhanced splenic cytotoxicity generated in the mice treated with both IL-18 and IL-2 was also observed against syngeneic Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells. Consistent with this in vitro observation, combined treatment produced a significantly stronger inhibitory effect on the pulmonary metastases following i.v. injection of Colon 26 tumor cells than treatment with either cytokine alone. These results suggest that IL-18 combined with IL-2 potentiates in vivo NK cell activity and contributes to inhibition of tumor metastasis without inducing significant toxicity.
DBuffer: A state machine oriented control system for DASH (2016)

The popularity of Internet video streaming services has dramatically increased, leveraged by the emerging Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard. DASH also favors the growth of video content access by mobile devices. However, due to fluctuating bandwidth and high latency, mobile networks, e.g. 3G, remain a challenging environment. The user's Quality of Experience (QoE) in this scenario constantly needs to improve. One way to achieve this is through the development of a better adaptation logic that reduces rebuffering events and delivers higher and more stable video qualities. In this paper, we present DBuffer, a control system developed for improving the QoE during a streaming session through mobile networks. DBuffer estimates the ideal video quality to request, during a 3G streaming session, through client-side buffer analysis. The main component of the control system is a buffer-based state machine, which manages the adaptation logic. Our experimental results show that DBuffer outperforms some of the existing advanced adaptation techniques.
Discovery of Novel Allosteric HCV NS5B Inhibitors. 2. Lactam-Containing Thiophene Carboxylates (2017)

Lomibuvir (<b>1</b>) is a non-nucleoside, allosteric inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Further development efforts within this class of inhibitor focused on improving the antiviral activity and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Recently, we reported the development of this series, leading to compound <b>2</b>, a molecule with comparable potency and an improved physicochemical profile relative to <b>1</b>. Further exploration of the amino amide-derived side chain led to a series of lactam derivatives, inspired by the X-ray crystal structure of related thiophene carboxylate inhibitors. This series, exemplified by <b>12f</b>, provided 3-5-fold improvement in potency against HCV replication, as measured by replicon assays. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, <i>in vitro</i> ADME characterization, and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of this novel series are discussed.
Nonrigid Point Set Matching of White Matter Tracts for Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis (2010)

Patient studies based on diffusion tensor images (DTI) require spatial correspondence between subjects. We propose to obtain the correspondence from white matter tracts, by introducing a new method for nonrigid matching of white matter fiber tracts in DTI. The method boils down to point set registration that involves simultaneously clustering and matching of the data points. The tracts are implicitly warped to a common frame of reference to avoid the potential bias toward one of the datasets. The algorithm gradually refines from global to local registration, which is implemented through deterministic annealing. Special care was taken to incorporate the spatial relation between fiber points and the uncertainty in principal diffusion orientation. As a result, the computed clusters are oriented along the fiber tracts and discriminate between adjacent but distinct fiber tracts. This is validated on synthetic and clinical data. The root-mean-squared distance with respect to expert-annotated landmarks is low (3 mm). In contrast to a state-of-the-art nonrigid registration technique, the proposed method is more robust to residual misalignments in terms of measured fractional anisotropy values.
Design and Synthesis of Aryl Ether Inhibitors of the Bacillus Anthracis Enoyl‐ACP Reductase (2008)

The problem of increasing bacterial resistance to the current generation of antibiotics is well documented. Known resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are becoming more prevalent, while the potential exists for developing drug-resistant pathogens for use as bioweapons, such as Bacillus anthracis. The biphenyl ether antibacterial agent, triclosan, exhibits broad-spectrum activity by targeting the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway through inhibition of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) and provides a potential scaffold for the development of new, broad-spectrum antibiotics. We used a structure-based approach to develop novel aryl ether analogues of triclosan that target ENR, the product of the fabI gene, from B. anthracis (BaENR). Structure-based design methods were used for the expansion of the compound series including X-ray crystal structure determination, molecular docking, and QSAR methods. Structural modifications were made to both phenyl rings of the 2-phenoxyphenyl core. A number of compounds exhibited improved potency against BaENR and increased efficacy against both the Sterne strain of B. anthracis and the methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus. X-ray crystal structures of BaENR in complex with triclosan and two other compounds help explain the improved efficacy of the new compounds and suggest future rounds of optimization that might be used to improve their potency.
HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE ROSEAU TOWER ADDED MASS TRAP (1994)

Hydrodynamic loads on the added mass trap of a deep water compliant offshore structure, known as the Roseau Tower, were analyzed and model tested. The added mass trap is composed of porous vertical walls well below the free surface, but in a region affected by large-wave kinematics. Traditional linear diffraction analysis programs commonly used to calculate hydrodynamic loads on large displacement structures are not capable of including porous wall boundary conditions. An analysis of the hydrodynamics of an added mass trap based on time-domain solutions of the potential flow equations is described. Non-linear boundary conditions which permit flow through the wall are used. The wall is idealized as a continuous porous media, with empirically determined drag characteristics. The boundary condition of flow through the wall is iteratively determined at each time step based on the pressure across the wall. Rather than a traditional source-sink panel model for the wall, which requires both inner and outer panels, a single layer of dipoles is used to model the wall. The nature of the mass trap loads proved unique in that the load including damping, is linear with amplitude of harmonic motion, even though the damping is locally related to viscous forces. The strong damping term is dependent on the porosity. Model tests of the mass trap were performed, and compared favourably to the numerical results.