gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminium nitride integrated photonics: a review (2021)

Abstract Integrated photonics based on silicon has drawn a lot of interests, since it is able to provide compact solution for functional devices, and its fabrication process is compatible with the mature complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technology. In the meanwhile, silicon material itself has a few limitations, including an indirect bandgap of 1.1 eV, transparency wavelength of &gt;1.1 μm, and insignificant second‐order nonlinear optical property. Aluminum nitride (AlN), as a CMOS‐compatible material, can overcome these limitations. It has a wide bandgap of 6.2 eV, a broad transparency window covering from ultraviolet to mid‐infrared, and a significant second‐order nonlinear optical effect. Furthermore, it also exhibits piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects, which enable it to be utilized for optomechanical devices and pyroelectric photodetectors, respectively. In this review, the recent research works on integrated AlN photonics in the past decade have been summarized. The related material properties of AlN have been covered. After that, the demonstrated functional devices, including linear optical devices, optomechanical devices, emitters, photodetectors, metasurfaces, and nonlinear optical devices, are presented. Last but not the least, the summary and future outlook for the AlN‐based integrated photonics are provided.
Temperature-dependent steady and transient emission properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well nanorods (2011)

We observed different temperature-dependent behaviors of steady and transient emission properties in dry-etched InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) nanorods and the parent MQWs. To clarify the impacts of nanofabrication on the emission properties, time-resolved photoluminescence spectra were recorded at various temperatures with carrier density in different regimes. The confinement of carrier transport was observed to play an important role to the emission properties in nanorods, inducing different temperature-dependent photoluminescence decay rates between the nanorods and MQWs. Moreover, together with other effects, such as surface damages and partial relaxation of the strain, the confinement effect causes faster recombination of carriers in nanorods.
Deriving content selection rules from a corpus of non-naturally occurring documents for a novel NLG application (2005)

We describe a methodology for deriving content selection rules for NLG applications that aim to replace oral communications from human experts by written communications that are generated automatically. We argue for greater involvement of users and for a strategy for handling sparse data.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of 1.5 mΩcm<sub>2</sub>, 800 V 4H-SiC n-Type Schottky Barrier Diodes (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Connectability: a performance metric for reconfigurable transport networks (1993)

This paper presents a metric for managing dynamically reconfigurable transport networks. In such networks, one physical set of transport links can be configured into many different logical networks, in order to meet uncertain and volatile traffic demands. Connectability is a figure of merit for capturing the composite routing efficiency and capacity utilization of a transport network. Connectability is mathematically inspired by existing metrics for reliability. Reliability concepts are adapted to quantify notions of efficiency in reconfigurable networks. The authors define connectability mathematically, and set out a procedure for its' calculation in a distributed real-time setting. The centralized version of this calculation has O(n log n) time complexity. A series of simulation studies are presented to illustrate the use of connectability in characterizing strategies for transport network reconfiguration. One strategy based on the isolated calculation of connectability at each node is shown to yield lower blocking and more efficient use of transport network resources than the other strategies tested. Finally, a short study of applying connectability to restoration in a national network demonstrates that there is a continuum along which restoration can be temporarily traded off against transport network management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Editorial (2002)

This is the first issue of Volume 8, and we thought we would take this opportunity to bring readers of Natural Language Engineering up-to-date with various developments with the journal.
Estimation of rocks’ failure parameters from drilling data by using artificial neural network (2023)

Comprehensive and precise knowledge about rocks' mechanical properties facilitate the drilling performance optimization, and hydraulic fracturing design and reduces the risk of wellbore-related problems. This paper is concerned with the failure parameters, namely, cohesion and friction angle which are conventionally estimated using Mohr's cycles that are drawn using compressional tests on rock samples. The availability, continuity and representability, and cost of acquiring those samples are major concerns. The objective of this paper is to investigate an alternative technique to estimate these parameters from the drilling data. In this work, more than 2200 data points were used to develop and test the correlations built by the artificial neural network. Each data point comprises the failure parameters and five drilling records that are available instantaneously in drilling rigs such as rate of penetration, weight on bit, and torque. The data were grouped into three datasets, training, testing, and validation with a corresponding percentage of 60/20/20, the former two sets were utilized in the models' building while the last one was hidden as a final check afterward. The models were optimized and evaluated using the correlation coefficient (R) and average absolute percentage error (AAPE). In general, the two models yielded good fits with the actual values. The friction angle model yielded R values around 0.86 and AAPE values around 4% for the three datasets. While the model for cohesion resulted in R values around 0.89 and APPE values around 6%. The equation and the parameters of those models are reported in the paper. These results show the ability of in-situ and instantaneous rock mechanical properties estimation with good reliability and at no additional costs.
Supplementary Data-Single Agent Response from An Unbiased Oncology Compound Screen to Identify Novel Combination Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;raw single agent response data; response is represented as fractional viability&lt;/p&gt;
A New Cathode Additive to Compensate the Irreversible Lithium Loss at the Anode for a Lithium-Ion Battery (2015)

Silicon-based anode materials have been considered as high energy-density anodes for a next generation lithium-ion battery. However, it exhibits serious lithium loss owing to the SEI formation and mechanical degradation. To compensate the lithium loss at the anode side, several cathode additives that can feed extra lithium to the anode have been proposed and demonstrated. Li 2 NiO 2 and Li 2 MoO 3 are examples for this purpose. However, Li 2 NiO 2 (i) doesn’t have enough capacity for this purpose: the maximum charge capacity in the literature is about 400 mAh/g, (ii) shows significant oxygen evolution during charge, and (iii) reduce thermal stability of a cell. Li 2 MoO 3 (i) doesn’t have enough capacity for this purpose: the maximum charge capacity in the literature is about 250 mAh/g and (ii) shows a serious molybdenum dissolution issue in a liquid electrolyte. We will propose a new material as a cathode additive that has a very high charging capacity and doesn’t deteriorate any cathode properties.
Thin-Film Solar Cells on Polymer Substrates for Space Power (2004)

Photovoltaic arrays have played a key role in power generation in space. The current technology will continue to evolve but is limited in the important mass specific power metric (MSP or power/weight ratio) because it is based on bulk crystal technology. Solar cells based on thin-film materials offer the promise of much higher MSP and much lower cost. However, for many space applications, a 20% or greater AM0 efficiency (eta) may be required. The leading thin-film materials, amorphous Si, CuInSe, and CdTe have seen significant advances in efficiency over the last decade but will not achieve the required efficiency in the near future. Several new technologies are herein described to maximize both device eta and MSP. We will discuss these technologies in the context of space exploration and commercialization. One novel approach involves the use of very lightweight polyimide substrates. We describe efforts to enable this advance including materials processing and device fabrication and characterization. Another approach involves stacking two cells on top of each other. These tandem devices more effectively utilize solar radiation by passing through non-absorbed longer wavelength light to a narrow-bandgap bottom cell material. Modeling of current devices in tandem format indicates that AM0 efficiencies near 20% can be achieved with potential for 25% in the near future. Several important technical issues need to be resolved to realize the benefits of lightweight technologies for solar arrays, such as: monolithic interconnects, lightweight array structures, and new ultra-light support and deployment mechanisms. Recent advances will be stressed.
Broadcasting in Sensor Networks: The Role of Local Information (2008)

Flooding based querying and broadcasting schemes have low hop-delays of Theta(1/R(n)) to reach any node that is a unit distance away, where R(n) is the transmission range of any sensor node. However, in sensor networks with large radio ranges, flooding based broadcasting schemes cause many redundant transmissions leading to a broadcast storm problem. In this paper, we study the role of geographic information and state information (i.e., memory of previous messages or transmissions) in reducing the redundant transmissions in the network. We consider three broadcasting schemes with varying levels of local information where nodes have: (i) no geographic or state information, (ii) coarse geographic information about the origin of the broadcast, and (Hi) no geographic information, but remember previously received messages. For each of these network models, we demonstrate localized forwarding algorithms for broadcast (based on geography or state information) that achieve significant reductions in the transmission overheads while maintaining hop-delays comparable to flooding based schemes. We also consider the related problem of broadcasting to a set of "spatially uniform" points in the network (lattice points) in the regime where all nodes have only a local sense of direction and demonstrate an efficient "sparse broadcast" scheme based on a branching random walk that has a low number of packet transmissions. Thus, our results show that even with very little local information, it is possible to make broadcast schemes significantly more efficient.
Lifetime Effects of Voltage and Voltage Imbalance on VRLA Batteries in Cable TV Network Power (2005)

Charge balance is known to be an essential consideration in series valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery applications. Conventional applications use passive equalization to maintain balance: periodic overcharge sequences. Active equalization uses external circuits to enforce charge balance without the need for overcharge. There is little published data to show the potential value of active equalization in float applications such as those common in telecommunications. Measured voltage balance data for a population of 2538 batteries in a set of 846 series strings are reported. Batteries showed a clear pattern of degraded life for charge voltages that differ by more than about plusmn0.1 V from an optimum charge voltage chosen to minimize positive grid corrosion. Passive equalization was able to keep about 63% of the batteries in the population within this range. The remaining 37% showed life degradation in a direct relationship to the charge voltage error. It is estimated that active equalizers capable of balance at the level of about 15 mV/cell would have maintained all the batteries near enough to the optimum range to avoid life degradation. An economic analysis suggests that active equalization would reduce tangible battery and associated maintenance costs by 31-36%. There would be additional economic benefits that are more difficult to quantify
Steering Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Into the Hodgkin Lymphoma Niche (2020)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES Anti-CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. July 23, 2020 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.20.02351 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 18, 2020 PMID: 32946351 Steering Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Into the Hodgkin Lymphoma Niche Paul J. Bröckelmann, MD1xPaul J. BröckelmannSearch for articles by this author; Sven Borchmann, MD1xSven BorchmannSearch for articles by this author; Peter Borchmann, MD, PhD1xPeter BorchmannSearch for articles by this author; and Andreas Engert, MD1xAndreas EngertSearch for articles by this author Show More 1Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, and German Hodgkin Study Group, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySee accompanying article on page 3794 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.02351 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2020 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Companion Anti-CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Deletion of 2‐aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase limits metabolite accumulation in cell and mouse models for glutaric aciduria type 1 (2020)

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error of lysine degradation characterized by acute encephalopathy that is caused by toxic accumulation of lysine degradation intermediates. We investigated the efficacy of substrate reduction through inhibition of 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase (AASS), an enzyme upstream of the defective glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH), in a cell line and mouse model of GA1. We show that loss of AASS function in GCDH-deficient HEK-293 cells leads to an approximately fivefold reduction in the established GA1 clinical biomarker glutarylcarnitine. In the GA1 mouse model, deletion of Aass leads to a 4.3-, 3.8-, and 3.2-fold decrease in the glutaric acid levels in urine, brain, and liver, respectively. Parallel decreases were observed in urine and brain 3-hydroxyglutaric acid levels, and plasma, urine, and brain glutarylcarnitine levels. These in vivo data demonstrate that the saccharopine pathway is the main source of glutaric acid production in the brain and periphery of a mouse model for GA1, and support the notion that pharmacological inhibition of AASS may represent an attractive strategy to treat GA1.
Optical microscopy beyond the diffraction limit (1993)

The near-field optical interaction between a sharp probe and a sample of interest can be exploited to image, spectroscopically probe, or modify surfaces at a resolution (currently down to ~12 nm with visible light) well beyond the diffraction limited response of traditional far-field systems. The resulting technique, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), still retains many of the attractive features of conventional optics, including non-invasiveness, low cost, reliability, and ease of use. Most importantly, NSOM takes advantage of the numerous and powerful contrast mechanisms and associated sample preparation procedures developed for optical microscopy over the last three centuries. Several applications have been investigated to demonstrate the versatility arising from these contrast mechanisms. For example, polarization contrast has been coupled with near-field surface modification capabilities to image and record domains in thin-film magneto-optic materials (Fig. 1). This might form the basis for a new method of ultra-high density optical data storage, or could be used in a study of domain wall energetics in magnetic systems. In the biological arena, NSOM has been used to image fluorescently labeled cytoskeletal actin in fixed mouse fibroblast cells (Fig. 2), and applied in a study of the actin organization within wound healing protrusions. The resulting images were also compared to topographic data arising from the shear force mechanism which regulates the probe-to-sample separation.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Dibromo‐2,5‐bis‐dicyanomethylene‐1‐(1‐pyridinio)‐3‐cyclopentene‐1‐ ides: Novel Pyridinium Ylides of the Cylopentadiene Series. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Colonic and Cardiovascular Actions of the Atypical β‐Adrenergic Agonist SR 58611A in Rats (1991)

Inhibition of colonic myoelectric activity by the new atypical β‐adrenergic agonist SR 58611A and its cardiovascular effects were investigated in orally dosed unanesthetized rats. SR 58611A and the reference compound ritodrine caused dose‐related reduction of the long spike burst frequency of the proximal colon (respective ED 50 values of 0.47 and 3.1 mg/kg); this was prevented by alprenolol but not by the β 1 ‐ or β 2 ‐selective adrenergic antagonists CGP 20712A and ICI 118,551. The minimal effective doses of SR 58611A and ritodrine raising heart rate were about 20 and 3 times their respective ED 50 values for inhibition of colonie motility. Ritodrine, unlike SR 58611A, caused a dose‐dependent increase in heart rate. Blood pressure was not affected by either drug. There was partial tolerance to the intestinal effects of SR 58611A and ritodrine, which fell by about half after 4 days' treatment but no further after 8 days. In the animal model investigated, SR 58611A was less liable than ritodrine to induce cardiovascular side effects. It should thus be of prospective therapeutic interest for intestinal hypermotility disorders.
Effects of extraneous surface charges on the enhanced Raman scattering from metallic nanoparticles (2013)

Motivating by recent experiments on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from colloidal solutions, we present here a simple model to elucidate the effects of extraneous surface charges on the enhanced Raman signal. The model is based on the well-established Gersten-Nitzan model coupled to the modified Mie scattering theory of Bohren and Hunt in the long wavelength approximation. We further introduce corrections from the modified long wavelength approximation to the Gersten-Nitzan model for the improvement of its accuracy. Our results show that the surface charge will generally lead to a blueshift in the resonance frequency and greater enhancements in the SERS spectrum. Possible correlations with the recent experiments are elaborated.
An angle-selective CMOS imager with on-chip micro-collimators for blur reduction in near-field cell imaging (2016)

Development of microfabricated imagers placed within the resection bed intraoperatively can significantly improve image-guided surgery. One application is identifying microscopic disease during cancer removal. This class of imagers requires robustness against variations in fluid, blood, and tissue surface profile which vary the distance of the tissue from the imager, causing light from the sample to be incident on the imager at a wide range of angles, thereby blurring the image. This paper addresses this problem by demonstrating an angle-selective imager fabricated in a 0.18um CMOS process, capable of reducing light incident at angles >25° from the perpendicular by >50%.
Electronic structure of Al chemisorbed on GaAs(110) (1979)

We report results of tight binding calculation for ordered half monolayer coverages of Al on GaAs(110) in a variety of chemisorption configurations. We find that differences between the chemisorption geometries and relaxations of these configurations lead to a variety of electrical characteristics of the surfaces. The relation of this result to the barrier formed at higher coverages is discussed.
Oleuropein Transcriptionally Primes Lactobacillus plantarum to Interact With Plant Hosts (2019)

Oleuropein (OLE) is a secoiridoid unique to <i>Oleaceae</i> known to play a role in the plant-herbivore interaction. However, it is not clear how this molecule is induced to mediate plant responses to microbes and how microbes, in turn, withstand with OLE. To better understand how OLE affects the plant-microbe interaction, the contribution of differential gene expression in the adaptation to OLE was characterized by whole genome transcriptional profiling in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, a bacterium associated to the olive. OLE downregulated functions associated to rapid growth, remodeled membrane phospholipid biosynthesis pathways and markedly repressed the expression of several ABC transporters from <i>L. plantarum</i>. Genes encoding the plantaricin and <i>lamABDCA</i> quorum-sensing (QS) systems were down-regulated indicating the potential of OLE as a QS-antagonist. Notably, OLE diminished the expression of a set of genes encoding inmunomodulatory components and reoriented metabolic pathways to increase protein acetylation, probably to attenuate plant immunity. Responses were also triggered to repress the transport of acetoin and to buffer reactive oxygen species accumulation, two signals involved in plant development. The results suggest that OLE could act as a signaling molecule in the plant-microbe interaction and facilitate the accommodation of beneficial microbes such as <i>L. plantarum</i> by the plant host, via controlled expression of bacterial molecular players involved in this reciprocal interplay.
Fig S2 from Genetic Disruption of the Multifunctional CD98/LAT1 Complex Demonstrates the Key Role of Essential Amino Acid Transport in the Control of mTORC1 and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2: Phenotypic analysis of the genetic disruption of LAT1 in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line: A549&lt;/p&gt;