gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Author response: LINKIN, a new transmembrane protein necessary for cell adhesion (2014)

In animals, cells can move from one place to another to shape tissues, heal wounds, or defend against invading microbes. A cell may move alone or it may be attached to others and move as part of a group. One member of the group leads this ‘collective migration’, but it is not known how the cells are able to stick to each other and move together. Collective migration takes place in the male gonad—the organ that makes sperm cells—in larvae of the nematode worm C. elegans. As the gonad matures, a group of cells form a simple chain that can move together. Kato et al. found that a protein called LINKIN must be present for this to happen. LINKIN is found in the membrane that surrounds animal cells. One section of the protein—called the β-propeller—sits on the outside surface of the membrane. The structure of the β-propeller is similar to a section of another protein—called α-integrin—that also allows cells to attach, suggesting LINKIN may work in a similar way. LINKIN is found in many animals, so Kato et al. searched for proteins that can interact with it in human cells. This search revealed three proteins that can interact with LINKIN and are required for the cells to move together. Two of the proteins control elements of the internal scaffolding of the cell: this scaffolding, which is known as the cytoskeleton, is involved in moving the cells. The experiments suggest that LINKIN coordinates the process of binding together with the changes in the cytoskeleton that are needed to allow the cells to move as one. The next challenge is to understand how LINKIN changes the internal program of the cells to achieve this.
DFE and BCJR Performance with SD FEC in 112 GBd PAM4 IMDD Systems (2023)

Soft information quality of different DSP schemes followed by hybrid soft/hard decision FEC is investigated. We demonstrate in simulations and experiments that BCJR achieves a significant gain over DFE by providing better soft information.
<title>Syntheses of porphyrin and chlorin dimers for photodynamic therapy</title> (1991)

Efficient methods for the syntheses of porphyrin and chlorin dimers joined with variable length carbon units, either at meso positions or at (beta) -pyrrolic positions, are described. The in vivo testing results for some of the dimers are also discussed. The main objective of this work is to understand the structure/activity relationships among carbon-carbon linked dimers of porphyrins and chlorins. It is anticipated that this study will assist the authors in designing photosensitizers with required chemical and photochemical properties.
Antiplasmodial activity of steroidal chalcones: evaluation of their effect on hemozoin synthesis and the new permeation pathway of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocyte membrane (2012)

Chalcone derivatives on an estradiol framework were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth and development of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Out of twelve steroidal chalcones and one indanone derivative studied, three were found to have 50% growth inhibitory concentration less than 5μm and minimum inhibitory concentration for parasite development from ring to schizont stage as ≤20μm with best activity for gallic acid-based chalcone derivative 1 as 2.07 and 10μm, respectively. Two of the active derivatives 1 and 10 did not exhibit cytotoxicity against vero cells as evident by the good selectivity ratio. Study of structure-activity relationship indicated that increasing substitution in the benzoyl ring-enhanced antiplasmodial activity. Hemozoin synthesis of the parasite remained unaffected by these derivatives. These derivatives were also investigated for their effect on parasite-induced new permeation pathway in the erythrocyte membrane by sorbitol-induced hemolysis, and four derivatives 1, 2, 9, and 10 exhibited significant inhibition (>70%) at 20μm concentration. A positive correlation was also observed among the antiplasmodial activity and inhibition of new permeation pathway. These observations suggest that steroidal chalcones with selective activity for the parasite may be considered as antimalarial leads for further optimization and preclinical study.
Active perinatal care of preterm infants in the German Neonatal Network (2019)

Approval by the local institutional review board for research in human subjects of the University of Lübeck (file number 08-022) and by the local ethic committees of all participating centres has been given.
Work Informatics — An Operationalisation of Social Informatics (2007)

A new approach to informatics and Social Informatics is introduced called Work Informatics. It is compared with Social Informatics, and it turns out that there is a high resemblance between their scopes and objectives. Work Informatics is more operational and therefore, we can use it more easily for practical purposes. Social, technical, and socio-technical aspects of both are analysed. The focus, unit of analysis and contents of Work Informatics are briefly outlined.
Bioluminescence Imaging of Systemic Tumor Targeting Using a Prostate-Specific Lentiviral Vector (2006)

Developments in vector design using tissue-specific and tumor-specific promoters have led to significant improvements in tumor-targeting strategies. These developments combined with the ability to monitor gene expression by molecular imaging have facilitated the detection and prolonged monitoring of disease progression in small-animal models. Bioluminescence imaging offers a convenient and sensitive platform for monitoring gene expression patterns in preclinical models of gene therapy. Targeting a specific subset of cells/tissues via systemic delivery of vectors would be highly beneficial in gene therapy protocols. Using a two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA)-based lentiviral vector (LV-TSTA), we demonstrate specific targeting of prostate tumors in vivo after systemic administration of lentivirus. Four days after intravenous administration of LV-TSTA into adult severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (n=5) carrying subcutaneous prostate tumors, we found significant levels of transduction at the tumor site when compared with other organs (p<0.05). Gene expression was sustained in the tumor for up to 3 weeks (7.3x10(4)+/-2x10(4) photons/ sec/cm2/steradian (p/sec/cm2/sr) on day 4 and 7.0x10(4)+/-4x10(4) p/sec/cm2/sr on day 21). Low levels of transduction were also observed in the spleen and liver (5.0x10(2)+/-1.7x10(2) p/sec/cm2/sr). The results from this study support the use of TSTA-based lentiviral vectors for prostate tumor targeting after systemic delivery. Noninvasive imaging using such vectors should be useful for monitoring long-term gene expression in gene therapy applications.
In vivo 1H Spectroscopy of the Caudate Nucleus in Macaca mulatta brain (2002)

The neostriatum is important for the control of movement and certain cognitive functions [1]. Loss of striatal neurons or degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway leads to devastating neurologic disorders. Recent studies about the reduction of Parkinson symptoms in primats [2,3] demonstrate the value of in vivo study of striatal neurochemistry. Here we present a pilot MRS study in monkeys, in which we conducted in vivo measurements of metabolite concentrations of a 0.7cc voxel positioned in the caudate nucleus of a macaque monkey. Our general aim is to combine this methodology with other invasive techniques, such as microdialysis or electrophysiology in order to couple the macroscopic changes visualized with MRS with their underlying neurophysiological events.
Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2003)

A complete PLIF procedure can be safely and effectively performed using minimally invasive techniques, thereby potentially reducing the pain and morbidity associated with standard open surgery. Prospective, randomized outcome studies will be required to validate the efficacy of this exciting new surgical technique.
ADVANCED HYDROGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANES FOR VISION 21 FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS (2003)

Eltron Research Inc. and team members CoorsTek, Sued Chemie, and Argonne National Laboratory are developing an environmentally benign, inexpensive, and efficient method for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures produced during industrial processes, such as coal gasification. This project was motivated by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Vision 21 initiative, which seeks to economically eliminate environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels. Currently, this project is focusing on four basic categories of dense membranes: (i) mixed conducting ceramic/ceramic composites, (ii) mixed conducting ceramic/metal (cermet) composites, (iii) cermets with hydrogen permeable metals, and (iv) hydrogen permeable alloys. Ultimately, these materials must enable hydrogen separation at practical rates under ambient and high-pressure conditions, without deactivation in the presence of feedstream components such as carbon dioxide, water, and sulfur. This report describes resent results for long-term hydrogen permeation and chemical stability measurements, new mixed conducting cermets, progress in cermet, thin film, and thin-walled tube fabrication, hydrogen absorption measurements for selected compositions, and membrane facilitated alkane to olefin conversion.
Adenocarcinoma arising in a diverticular abscess of the colon (1975)

A case of a patient with adenocarcinoma in an abscess cavity that resulted from perforated diverticulitis of the descending colon is described. Serial barium-enema studies over a nine-year period show the diverticulosis, perforation, abscess cavity, and finally the adenocarcinoma in the abscess cavity. Although it is infrequent, the possibility of carcinoma must be considered in cases of patients who have unhealed pericolonic abscess cavities.
Generating Test Databases for Database-Backed Applications (2023)

Database-backed applications are widely used. To effectively test these applications, one needs to design not only user inputs but also database states, which imposes unique challenges. First, valid database states have to satisfy complicated constraints determined by application semantics, and hence are difficult to synthesize. Second, the state space of a database is huge, as an application can contain tens to hundreds of tables with up to tens of fields per table. Making things worse, each test involving database operations takes significant time to run. Consequently, unhelpful database states and running tests on them can severely waste testing resources. We propose DBGRILLER, a tool that generates database states to facilitate thorough testing of database-backed applications. To effectively generate valid database states, DBGRILLER strategically injects minor mutation into existing database states and transforms part of the application-under-test into a stand-alone validity checker. To tackle the huge database state space and save testing time, DBGRILLER uses program analysis to identify a novel branch-projected DB view that can be used to filter out database states that are unlikely to increase the testing branch coverage. Our evaluation on 9 popular open-source database applications shows that DBGRILLER can effectively increase branch coverage of existing tests and expose previously unknown bugs.
Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Genes by E2F Transcription Factors: Rb–Raf-1 Interaction as a Novel Target for Metastatic Disease (2011)

The retinoblastoma (Rb)-E2F transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a major role in cell-cycle regulation, but its role in invasion and metastasis is less well understood. We find that many genes involved in the invasion of cancer cells, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), have potential E2F-binding sites in their promoters. E2F-binding sites were predicted on all 23 human MMP gene promoters, many of which harbored multiple E2F-binding sites. Studies presented here show that MMP genes such as MMP9, MMP14, and MMP15 which are overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer, have multiple E2F-binding sites and are regulated by the Rb-E2F pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the association of E2F1 with the MMP9, MMP14, and MMP15 promoters, and transient transfection experiments showed that these promoters are E2F responsive. Correspondingly, depletion of E2F family members by RNA interference techniques reduced the expression of these genes with a corresponding reduction in collagen degradation activity. Furthermore, activating Rb by inhibiting the interaction of Raf-1 with Rb by using the Rb-Raf-1 disruptor RRD-251 was sufficient to inhibit MMP transcription. This led to reduced invasion and migration of cancer cells in vitro and metastatic foci development in a tail vein lung metastasis model in mice. These results suggest that E2F transcription factors may play a role in promoting metastasis through regulation of MMP genes and that targeting the Rb-Raf-1 interaction is a promising approach for the treatment of metastatic disease.
Some Propensity Rules in Collision-Induced Rotational Quantum Jumps (1970)

When a mixture of lithium vapor and argon is irradiated with the light from an argon ion laser and the resulting fluorescence of the Li2 B 1Πu − X 1Σg+ band system is examined under high resolution, a pattern of collision-induced satellite lines is observed to accompany the parent resonance fluorescence series. Under conditions of low pressure these satellite lines originate from single inelastic events which alter the rotational state of the excited Li2 molecule. The relative intensities of the satellite lines are found to be markedly different depending on whether the collision-induced transition originates from the upper or lower component of the Lgr; doublet of the Π state, referred to as c or d, respectively. An increase in J(+ ΔJ jump) is favored over a decrease (− ΔJ) for d → c jumps whereas − ΔJ is favored over + ΔJ for c → d jumps. On the other hand ± ΔJ changes that preserve the character of the Λ component, i.e., c → c and d → d, occur with nearly equal probability for the same value of ΔJ. This behavior has been observed for the satellite lines corresponding to ΔJ = ± 1, ± 2, and in some cases ± 3 for (υ′, J′, c, or d) levels (2, 31, c), (3, 30, c), (9, 38, c), (4, 24, d), and (7, 61, d) of 7Li2 and (0, 45, d) of 6Li 7Li. In 7Li2 only collisional transitions between symmetric or between antisymmetric levels are allowed. For 6Li 7Li, which does not have this symmetry, more satellite lines are observed. However, these additional lines are significantly weaker since the 6Li 7Li molecule is nearly homonuclear. A simple classical model is suggested which may help to explain the different rotational quantum jump propensities for the two Λ components.
Avidity of CD8 T-cells sharpens immunodominance. (B9) (2007)

Abstract In the course of viral infection, the immune system exploits only a fraction of the available CTL repertoire and focuses on a few of a myriad of potentially antigenic peptides. This phenomenon, known as immunodominance, depends on a number of factors, including antigen processing and transport, MHC binding, competition for antigen presenting cells, availability of the CD8 T-cell repertoire and other mechanisms that function largely by restricting the immune response. Here we elucidate a novel mechanism that increases the immunodominance of the epitope rather by enhancing the immune response. Using a peptide-specific MHC-restricted monoclonal antibody and functional assays of CTL activation, we show that T cells with high avidity for the immunodominant, H-2Dd-restricted, P18-I10 epitope expand rapidly following immunization, and this expansion in turn determines the level of the P18-I10 epitope immunodominance. This proliferation has little dependence on the number of MHC-peptide complexes. Since most self-reactive T-cells of high avidity are depleted in the thymus, the selection of immunodominant epitopes based on the expansion of high avidity T-cells in the periphery avoids the potential for autoimmunity.
Joint Morphological-Lexical Language Modeling (JMLLM) for Arabic (2007)

Language modeling for inflected languages such as Arabic poses new challenges for speech recognition due to rich morphology. The rich morphology results in large increases in perplexity and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rate. In this study, we present a new language modeling method that takes advantage of Arabic morphology by combining morphological segments with the underlying lexical items and additional available information sources with regards to morphological segments and lexical items within a single joint model. Joint representation and modeling of morphological and lexical items reduces the OOV rate and provides smooth probability estimates. Preliminary experiments detailed in this paper show satisfactory improvements over word and morpheme based trigram language models and their interpolations.
Précis du siècle de Louis XV (2003)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Solution of the spin Hamiltonian with orthorhombic hf and g tensors (I = S = 1/2). I. Theory (1982)

A theory was developed appropriate for analyzing ESR spectra characterized by ℋ = βH ⋅ g ⋅ S+S ⋅ A ⋅ I, where S = I = 1/2 and g and A tensors are of orthorhombic symmetry using the perturbational method. The theory reproduced the reported solutions of special cases; the Breit–Rabi solution, when g and A are isotropic, the zero field solution, when H = 0, and the solution for axial symmetry solved under the limited conditions of H along or perpendicular to z (the principal coordinate of g and A). The perturbation was found to become zero when H is along one of x, y, and z. Therefore, the theory gives the exact solution for the orientations, from which resonance field ESR parameters can be derived.
FRET-based method for rapid screening of PDE-inhibitors in living cells (2007)

Inhibitors of cAMPand cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important substances which are in clinical use or under development for the therapy of plethora of diseases, such as erectile dysfunction, heart failure and memory disorders. However, there are very few methods available to screen new substances for their PDE inhibitory activity in intact living cells. Current methods using reporter cell lines are rather indirect and based e.g. on calcium imaging of cyclic nucleotide gated channel activity [1].
Discovery of Novel 2,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]decanes as Orally Active Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Antagonists (2004)

In our efforts to develop orally active GPIIb-IIIa antagonists with improved pharmaceutical properties, we have utilized a novel 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane scaffold as a template. We describe here our investigation of a variety of templates including spiropiperidinyl-gamma-lactams, spiropiperidinylimide, spiropiperidinylureas, and spiropiperidinylhydantoins. With the appropriate acidic and basic pharmacophores in place, each template yielded analogues with potent GPIIb-IIIa inhibitory activity. One of the compounds, 59 (CT50787), was also used to demonstrate for the first time the use of a pharmacological agent which is alphaIIbbeta3 specific to display biological activity in a lower species such as mouse and to extend bleeding times. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of selected compounds from each series in rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey has led to the identification of 22 (CT51464), a double prodrug, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. It exhibited good pharmacokinetic profile across species (F% = 33 (Cyno), 73 (dog), 22 (rat); t(1/2)(beta)() = 14.2 h (Cyno), 8.97 h (dog), 1.81 h (rat)). The biologically active form, 23 (CT50728), displayed inhibition of platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) with an IC(50) value of 53 nM in citrate buffer, 110 nM in PPACK anticoagulated PRP, and 4 nM in solid-phase GPIIb-IIIa competition binding assay (ELISA). Both 23 and 22 were stable in human liver microsomes, did not inhibit the P450 3A4 isozyme, and had low protein binding (18.22% for 23) and a desirable log P (0.45 +/- 0.06 for 22, and -0.91 +/- 0.32 for 23). It is predicted that the high oral bioavailability for these compounds in multiple species should translate into lower intra- and intersubject variability in man. The long plasma half-life of the lead is consistent with once or twice daily administration for chronic therapy. Analogue 22 (CT51464) thus appears to be a promising oral GPIIb-IIIa inhibitor with significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties over the previously described clinical candidates and may be found useful in the treatment of arterial occlusive disorders.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus preferentially transduces human, compared to mouse, synovium: implications for arthritis therapy (2004)

Despite a number of published reports, including from our own laboratory, suggesting that adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduces mouse synovium, a careful analysis demonstrated transduction predominantly of the subsynovial muscle tissue, while the synovial lining is poorly transduced. To investigate the potential of AAV to transduce human synovium, three human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and two murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) synovial cell lines were infected with recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors encoding either mouse IL-10 or IL-4. Low-level transgene expression was observed. However, either Gamma-irradiation or the addition of a low-titer E1-, E3-deleted recombinant adenovirus resulted in up to a 100-fold increase in transgene product in the human, but not the mouse, cell lines. RA synovial tissues implanted subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, which were subsequently infected with rAAV, showed marked increases in transgene expression when co-infected with adenovirus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that intact human synovial tissues can be transduced by rAAV, and it suggests that murine arthritis may not be an optimal model to study rAAV as a gene transfer vector. Further studies to elucidate the mechanisms limiting gene transduction in human synovium may allow optimization of this vector for the treatment of arthritis.