gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implications of head and neck restraint test repeatability for specification improvement (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> Since 2005, National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Incorporated (NASCAR) drivers have been required to use a head and neck restraint system (HNR) that complies with SFI Foundation, Inc. (SFI) 38.1. The primary purpose of the HNR is to control and limit injurious neck loads and head kinematics during frontal and frontal oblique impacts. The SFI 38.1 performance specification was implemented to establish a uniform test procedure and minimum standard for the evaluation of HNRs using dynamic sled testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of the current SFI 38.1 test setup and explore the effects of a polyester seat belt restraint system. <b>Method:</b> Eight sled tests were conducted using the SFI 38.1 sled test protocol with additional test setup constraints. Four 0° frontal tests and 4 30° right frontal (RF) oblique tests were conducted. The first 3 tests of each principal direction of force (PDOF) used nylon SFI 16.1 seat belt restraint assemblies. The fourth test of each PDOF used polyester SFI 16.6 seat belt restraint assemblies. A secondary data set (Lab B Data) was also supplied by the HNR manufacturer for further comparisons. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 18571 objective comparison method was used to quantify the repeatability of the anthropomorphic test device (ATD) resultant head, chest, and pelvis acceleration and upper neck axial force and flexion extension bending moment time histories across multiple tests. <b>Results:</b> Two data sets generated using the SFI 38.1 test protocol exhibited large variations in mean ISO scores of ATD channels. The 8 tests conducted with additional setup constraints had significantly lower mean ISO score coefficients of variation (CVs). The Lab B tests conducted within the current specification but without the additional test setup constraints had larger mean ISO score standard deviation and CV for all comparisons. Specifically, tests with the additional setup constraints had average CVs of 3.3 and 2.9% for the 0° and 30° RF orientations, respectively. Lab B tests had average CVs of 22.9 and 24.5%, respectively. Polyester seat belt comparisons had CVs of 5.3 and 6.2% for the 0° and 30° RF orientations, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> With the addition of common test setup constraints, which do not violate the specification, the SFI 38.1 test protocol produced a repeatable test process for determining performance capabilities of HNRs within a single sled lab. A limited study using polyester webbing seat belt assemblies versus the nylon material called for in SFI 38.1 indicates that the material likely has less effects on ATD upper neck axial force and flexion extension bending moment time histories than the test setup freedom currently available within the specification. The additional test setup constraints are discussed and were shown to improve ATD response repeatability for a given HNR.
Growth Hormone Alters Brain Morphometry, Connectivity, and Behavior in Subjects with Fatigue after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2019)

Pituitary dysfunction with reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion is common in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and these patients often develop chronic symptoms including fatigue and altered cognition. We examined 18 subjects with a history of mild TBI, fatigue, and insufficient GH secretion. Subjects received GH replacement in a year-long, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, and were assessed for changes in physical performance, body composition, resting energy expenditure, fatigue, sleep, mood, and neuropsychological status. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess changes in brain structure and resting state functional connectivity. GH replacement resulted in decreased fatigue, sleep disturbance, and anxiety, as well as increased resting energy expenditure, improved body composition, and altered perception of submaximal effort when performing exercise testing. Associated brain changes included increased frontal cortical thickness and gray matter volume and resting state connectivity changes in regions associated with somatosensory networks. GH replacement altered brain morphology and connectivity and reduced fatigue and related symptoms in mild TBI patients. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms causing TBI-related fatigue and symptom relief with GH replacement.
Clickable polyurethanes based on s‐triazine ring containing aromatic diisocyanate bearing pendent alkyne group: Synthesis and postmodification Part A Polymer chemistry (2017)

A new s‐triazine ring containing aromatic diisocyanate bearing a pendent alkyne group, namely, 2,4‐bis(4‐isocyanatophenoxy)−6‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)−1,3,5‐triazine was synthesized and reacted with various diols viz., 1,10‐decanediol, tetraethylene glycol and polyethylene glycols in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst to obtain a series of linear polyurethanes. The selected polyurethanes possessing pendent alkyne groups were postmodified with chemically diverse azides viz., 1‐(azidomethyl)benzene, 1‐(azidomethyl)pyrene, and methoxy end‐caped poly(ethylene glycol) azide via copper‐catalysed azide‐alkyne Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra indicated quantitative click reaction. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis confirmed complete incorporation of pyrenyl groups indicating the formation of fluorescence active polyurethane by postmodification with 1‐(azidomethyl)pyrene. TG analysis of polyurethanes indicated two stage weight loss and their thermal stability, as judged by T₁₀ values, was governed by weight percent of urethane linkages. The water contact angle measurements revealed improved wettability with increased content of PEG either in the backbone of polyurethanes or as grafted chains. DLS and TEM studies confirmed that certain polyurethanes possessing PEG segments displayed self‐assembly in aqueous solution, which was further supported by pyrene encapsulation studies using UV–vis spectroscopy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1008–1020
Gunshot wounds to the spine: literature review and report on a migratory intrathecal bullet. (2008)

Treatment of the complex injury to the spine produced by a gunshot wound remains controversial. Treatment depends on the physician's ability to understand mechanism of injury, principles of medical management, diagnostic imaging, and surgical options. Antibiotics are an important component of treatment and should be continued for a minimum of 7 days in cases of wounds that both perforate the colon and injure the spine. Corticosteroids do not affect neurologic outcome and therefore should not be used. Decompression and removal of intracanal bullets at T12 and below may improve motor function. In select cases of cervical injuries, removal of intracanal bullet fragments may be justified, particularly with incomplete lesions. Regardless of injury level, new-onset or progressive neurologic deterioration is an indication for urgent decompression. Optimal surgical timing remains a controversial issue, and more study is needed to develop treatment guidelines. Intrathecal migratory missiles represent a very rare subset of the gunshot wounds to the spine, and their treatment should be individualized. In this article, we review the literature and then describe the case of a migratory intrathecal bullet in the lumbar spine of a patient who presented with cauda equina-type symptoms.
Discovery of a Series of Indazole TRPA1 Antagonists (2017)

A series of TRPA1 antagonists is described which has as its core structure an indazole moiety. The physical properties and <i>in vitro</i> DMPK profiles are discussed. Good <i>in vivo</i> exposure was obtained with several analogs, allowing efficacy to be assessed in rodent models of inflammatory pain. Two compounds showed significant activity in these models when administered either systemically or topically. Protein chimeras were constructed to indicate compounds from the series bound in the S5 region of the channel, and a computational docking model was used to propose a binding mode for example compounds.
Portable Raman spectroscopy using retina-safe (1550 nm) laser excitation (2012)

The use of portable Raman analyzers to identify unknown substances in the field has grown dramatically during the past decade. Measurements often require the laser beam to exit the confines of the sample compartment, which increases the potential of eye or skin damage. This is especially true for most commercial analyzers, which use 785 nm laser excitation. To overcome this safety concern, we have built a portable FT-Raman analyzer using a 1550 nm retina-safe excitation laser. Excitation at 1550 nm falls within the 1400 to 2000 nm retina-safe range, so called because the least amount of damage to the eye occurs in this spectral region. In contrast to wavelengths below 1400 nm, the retina-safe wavelengths are not focused by the eye, but are absorbed by the cornea, aqueous and vitreous humor. Here we compare the performance of this system to measurements of explosives at shorter wavelengths, as well as its ability to measure surface-enhanced Raman spectra of several chemicals, including the food contaminant melamine.
Practical aspects of optimal mismatch filtering and adaptive pulse compression for FM waveforms (2015)

The sensitivity impact of range straddling in the form of mismatch loss is well known. What is less appreciated, however, is the effect upon dynamic range, particularly for receive filtering that seeks to minimize range sidelobes. For FM-based waveforms, which are readily implementable in a high-power radar system, it is shown that least-squares (LS) mismatched filtering (MMF) realizes a penalty in sidelobe suppression when range straddling occurs. This degradation can be partially compensated through modification of the LS MMF implementation. Alternatively, adaptive pulse compression (APC), appropriately modified for application to FM waveforms, demonstrates robustness to both straddling and eclipsing effects. Simulated and experimentally measured results are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of these filtering approaches.
Design Considerations for Variable Coupling Lumped Coil Systems (2014)

This paper investigates the impact of coupling variations and reflected impedance in an inductive power transfer (IPT) lumped coil system on the overall system behavior. It offers a process to quantify these variations and design the resonant networks to minimize these effects. An analytical analysis of the reactive power flow between the secondary and the primary power supply in this system is presented and validated by simulation and measurement. A 1.2-kW battery charging system consisting of an LCL primary network, circular pads, and a series tuned secondary is designed. It provides an example of how correct selection of the resonant networks provides minimal burden on the primary power supply due to the additional reactive power demands resulting from mistuning under variable coupling conditions.
Starch (2004)

Abstract This article reviews the main results obtained in the fields of starch‐filled plastics and thermoplastic starch with particular attention to the concepts of gelatinization, destructurization, extrusion cooking, and the complexation of amylose by means of polymeric complexing agents with the formation of specific supramolecular structures. The behaviors of products now in the market are considered in terms of processability, properties, and biodegradation rates.
Nonlinear optical study of chiral 1,1-binaphthyl based helical polymers (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Van Elshocht, T. Verbiest, M. Kauranen, A. Persoons, L. ma, H. Cheng, K. Y. Musick, and L. Pu, "Nonlinear optical study of chiral 1,T′ - binaphthylbased helical polymers," in Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper FC5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Novel self-assembling cyclic peptides with reversible supramolecular nanostructures (2023)

Supramolecular self-assembly was observed for all- l cyclic peptides, revealing the reversible transition of nanotubes/nanofibers into nanovesicles, with tunable micro and nanoarchitectures that may be potential precious tools for emerging applications.
Heat Induced Grafting of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) on Polybutylene Terephthalate Nonwovens for Bioseparations (2020)

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nonwovens were successfully grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (polyGMA) using a heat induced grafting approach with the thermal initiator benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2). This grafting method resulted in complete, uniform, and conformal grafted layers around the PBT fibers that could be further functionalized as ion exchangers for protein capture. Protein binding capacities as high as 200 mg/g were achieved for ion exchange PBT nonwovens grafted to 20% weight gain using this heat induced grafting method. Compared to UV grafted polyGMA PBT nonwovens, the rates of protein adsorption are several times faster for the heat grafted polyGMA PBT nonwoven, reaching equilibrium within minutes; UV grafted polyGMA ion exchange PBT nonwovens require hours to reach equilibrium. This indicates that polyGMA grafts formed by heat induced grafting are thinner, and therefore more dense, than UV grafted layers with the same % weight gain. To further investigate the structural differences between the two grafting methods, targets of various molecular weights (ATP, lysozyme, BSA, hIgG) were adsorbed to the materials. Increasing the target size resulted in a decrease of target molecules bound for both grafting methods. However, the heat grafted nonwovens exhibited a much stronger dependence of protein molecular weight on protein capture, indicating that heat induced grafting results in a polyGMA layer that has a smaller free volume between chains available for protein binding compared to the UV grafting method. Protein adsorption isotherms for the two grafting methods confirmed that both methods resulted in similar strengths of protein binding, with dissociation constants on the order of Kd = 10–6 M which is consistent with ion exchange binding on polymer brush networks. Heat grafted polyGMA ion exchange PBT nonwovens showed excellent protein binding and elution.
Localized BMP-4 release improves the enthesis of engineered bone-to-bone ligaments (2018)

Successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires a functional enthesis, the interface between a bone and ligament or tendon. The enthesis normally exhibits a gradient of tissue phenotypes to smooth the transition from the compliant ligament to stiff bone and decrease stress concentrations between the 2 tissues. However, this structure does not fully regenerate after surgical repair leading to increased rupture rates and incidence of osteoarthritis. We have previously engineered ligaments between 2 cylindrical brushite cement anchors using human ACL fibroblasts entrapped in a fibrin gel. Using this model, we hypothesized that the local application and release of growth factors from the brushite cement anchors will promote fibrocartilage formation and improve interface failure load. Of 5 chondrogenic growth factors (BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 and TGF-β1 and TGF-β3) tested, we identified TGF-β1 as having a significant negative effect (P = .0001), while the local release of BMP-4 at the enthesis of engineered ligaments improved the interface failure load by up to 38% compared to control conditions. BMP-4 treatment increased the expression of the enthesis-related genes Sox9, aggrecan, and tenascin C and the inhibitor of mineralization osteopontin. These data suggest that BMP-4 drives a shift toward a fibrocartilaginous phenotype resulting in a stronger engineered enthesis.
Reduced Feedback and Signaling Schemes for Sum-Rate Maximization in OFDMA systems (2009)

We study several channel quality reporting strategies for OFDMA systems that maximize the sum-rate while constrained by feedback and signaling overhead. These reporting schemes are based on the grouping idea, which essentially limits the number of users accessing a sub-channel or physical resource block. This in turn reduces the overhead needed to convey channel quality indication (CQI). On the other hand, grouping user and/or sub-channels reduces the multi-user diversity. We investigate this trade-off for various grouping schemes. Numerical experiments show that even for reasonably high overheads, the grouping schemes achieve a substantial gain in sum-rate as compared to reporting on all sub-channels. Reporting fine- granular channel quality information on the user's best subchannels, is found to be the optimal strategy.
Correlation of Transverse and Rotational Diffusion Coefficient:  A Probe of Chemical Composition in Hydrocarbon Oils (2008)

Measurements of relaxation time and diffusion coefficient by nuclear magnetic resonance are well-established techniques to study molecular motions in fluids. Diffusion measurements sense the translational diffusion coefficients of the molecules, whereas relaxation times measured at low magnetic fields probe predominantly the rotational diffusion of the molecules. Many complex fluids are composed of a mixture of molecules with a wide distribution of sizes and chemical properties. This results in correspondingly wide distributions of measured diffusion coefficients and relaxation times. To first order, these distributions are determined by the distribution of molecular sizes. Here we show that additional information can be obtained on the chemical composition by measuring two-dimensional diffusion-relaxation distribution functions, a quantity that depends also on the shape and chemical interactions of molecules. We illustrate this with experimental results of diffusion-relaxation distribution functions on a series of hydrocarbon mixtures. For oils without significant amounts of asphaltenes, the diffusion-relaxation distribution functions follow a power-law behavior with an exponent that depends on the relative abundance of saturates and aromatics. Oils with asphaltene deviate from this trend, as asphaltene molecules act as relaxation contrast agent for other molecules without affecting their diffusion coefficient significantly. In waxy oils below the wax appearance temperature a gel forms. This is reflected in the measured diffusion-relaxation distribution functions, where the restrictions due to the gel network reduce the diffusion coefficients without affecting the relaxation rates significantly.
Biocompatibility of a droplet-mixing device using an electro-conjugate fluid (2016)

An electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a type of functional fluid that produces a jet flow under a non-uniform electric field. We use an ECF to generate a rotational flow in a tiny cylindrical chamber. When multiple droplets are dripped into the rotational flow of the ECF, they may be subjected to a centripetal force because of the difference in density between the droplets and ECF. This causes the droplets to move to the center of the chamber and mix with each other. In this paper, we conducted luminance measurements using a bioluminescence reaction to verify the suitability of this device for biological applications. We observed the luminescence produced by mixing droplets of luciferin and luciferase, and measured luminance maxima and area to assess the mixing ability of the device. In addition, because the enzyme luciferase can be deactivated by surroundings, we confirmed whether the proposed mixing method has any harmful influence on biological samples or not. To better understand the properties of the device, we conducted control experiments with two other set of conditions; i.e., without ECF and with still ECF. Our results confirmed that there was no difference in mixing ability between the three systems, and the influence of an electric-and centrifugal-field generated in the device on mixing might be negligible for biological applications.
Controlled Synthesis of Thiazole-Based Polymers and Block Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization of Azolyl S-Vinyl Sulfides and Metal Complexation (2016)

We studied the RAFT polymerization of five S-vinyl sulfide derivatives containing azole units, including 2-benzothiazolyl vinyl sulfide (BTVS), 2-thiazolyl vinyl sulfide (2-TVS), 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl vinyl sulfide (1,3,4-TVS), 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl vinyl sulfide (M-1,3,4-TVS), and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl vinyl sulfide (P-1,3,4-OVS). The polymerization of BTVS using dithiocarbamate-type and trithiocarbonate-type chain transfer agents (CTAs) was controlled, as shown by the relatively low polydispersities of the polymers and the linear increase in molecular weight with increasing conversion. In addition, the molecular weight could be controlled by adjusting the monomer-to-CTA ratio. The thiazole-, thiadiazole-, and oxadiazole-based polymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions and predetermined molecular weights were obtained by RAFT polymerization of all monomers using the dithiocarbamate-type CTA. The formation of metal complexes between the azole-containing polymers and various metal species was investigated, concerning their optical and electrochemical behaviors, and the assembled structures of the metal–azole complexes. Among the combinations of the five polymers and three metal species (Cu, Zn, and Ni), the complexation between poly(BTVS) and copper species was the most strongly coordinating, affording a stable metal complex, poly(BTVS)-Cu. The fluorescence behavior of poly(BTVS)-Cu, which is induced by increasing the length of the conjugated structure between the benzothiazole rings and copper species, was controlled by the metal content in poly(BTVS)-Cu. The complexation of benzothiazole-based block copolymers, in which only the BTVS segment interacts with the copper species, whereas another styrene segment showed no specific interactions, exhibits characteristics of assembled structures and fluorescent properties.
Coassociation of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) with CD45 on the surface of human T lymphocytes (1991)

In the present report, we demonstrated that modulation of CD26 from T cell surface induced by antiCD26 (1F7) led to enhanced phosphorylation of CD3 zeta tyrosine residues and increased CD4 associated p56lck tyrosine kinase activity. We further showed that CD26 was comodulated on the T cell surface with CD45, a known membrane-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase and that anti-CD26 was capable of precipitating CD45 from T cell lysates. These findings strongly suggest that CD26 may be closely associated with the CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase on T cell surface and further support the notion that the interaction of CD26 with CD45 results in enhanced tyrosine kinase activity, zeta chain phosphorylation, and T cell activation.
Symmetrical and lopsided zirconocene pro‐catalysts (1995)

Abstract Me 2 C[1‐Cp‐9‐Flu]ZrCl 2 derivatives with H‐, CH 3 ‐and (CH 3 ) 3 C‐ substituents β to the Cp bridgehead carbon atom as well as complexes having mono‐ or di‐substituted fluorenyl ligands (R = CH 3 ‐, (CH 3 ) 3 C‐, CH 3 O‐, CH 3 OCH 2 ‐, (CH 3 ) 3 CC≡C‐, (CH 3 ) 2 N‐, F‐, and Cl‐) have been investigated as propylene polymerization pro‐catalysts. Steric effects from the β‐Cp substituents determine the iso‐, hemi‐iso‐, and syndio‐specificities of the catalysts. The relative stereospecificities of Me 2 Si[1‐Cp‐3 t‐Bu ‐9‐Flu]ZrCl 2 and rac ‐Me 2 Si[1‐Ind‐3‐ t ‐Bu] 2 ZrCl 2 are in accord with molecular models. The more un‐symmetrical the catalysts are the more m and mm stereosequences there are in s‐PP. The m dyads also increase with the concentration of Me 2 C[1‐Cp‐9‐Flu‐2‐OMe]ZrCl 2 .
PREDICTING SALIENCY MAPS FOR ASD PEOPLE (2019)

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