gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of mutations in Pr160gag-pol upon tRNALys3 and Pr160gag-pol incorporation into HIV-1 (1997)

During HIV-1 viral assembly, both Pr160gag-pol and primer tRNA(Lys3) are packaged into the virus. tRNA(Lys) packaging (both tRNA(Lys3) and tRNA(Lys1,2) is dependent upon the presence of RT sequences within Pr160gag-pol. In this work, we have monitored the effect of Pr160gag-pol mutations upon incorporation of tRNA(Lys3) and Pr160gag-pol into HIV-1 produced from COS-7 cells transfected with mutant HIV-1 proviral DNAs. Mutations include carboxy deletions of Pr160gag-pol and small amino acid insertions and replacements within the various functional domains of the reverse transcriptase (RT). tRNA(Lys3) incorporation was monitored both by 2D PAGE of viral RNA, and by hybridization with tRNA(Lys3)-specific DNA probes. Our data indicates: (1) deletion of integrase sequence has a moderate effect upon select tRNA(Lys3) packaging, while carboxy terminal deletions extending further into the RNase H and connection domains more strongly reduce viral tRNA(Lys3) content; (2) tRNA(Lys3) incorporation is strongly reduced by small inframe amino acid insertions or replacements in the carboxy region of the thumb domain and the amino half of the connection domain of RT, but tRNA(Lys3) incorporation is altered little, or not at all, by similar amino acid insertional mutations within other RT domains, such as the fingers, palm, RNase H, the amino portion of the thumb, and the carboxy region of the connection domain. The inability of connection domain mutant virus to incorporate tRNA(Lys3) and to properly process precursor proteins in the virus is due to the inability of mutant Pr160gag-pol to be incorporated into the virus. These mutant precursor proteins are maintained at levels in the cytoplasm similar to wild-type.
Thin Film Transistors: All‐Solution‐Processed Transparent Thin Film Transistor and Its Application to Liquid Crystals Driving (Adv. Mater. 23/2013) (2013)

All-solution-processed transparent thin film transistors (TTFTs) are demonstrated with silver grid source/drain electrodes, which allow continuous processing without the need for costly high-vacuum systems. The silver grid electrode shows a reasonable transmittance in the visible range, moderate electrical conductance, and mechanical strength. The TTFTs are employed to drive liquid crystal cells, demonstrating a potential use for future transparent displays. Further details can be found in the article by Gun-Young Jung, Il Keun Kwo, and co-workers on page 3209.
Interfacial Phenomena of Miniemulsions (1985)

The interfacial characteristics between an oil drop and aqueous mixed emulsifier solutions were studied with a spinning drop interfacial tensiometer. An interfacial layer was observed at the oil/aqueous phase interface, as evidenced by the formation of "tails" on the rotating drop. The length of these "tails" increased with spinning time and rotation speed. The interfacial tensions between styrene and aqueous mixed emulsifier solutions were unexpectedly high, 5 to 13 dynes/cm, whereas tensions in the range of 10-2 dynes/cm were measured between the "tails" and the aqueous solution. Static, equilibration studies also indicated that a molecular association forms at the oil/water interface in the presence of mixed emulsifiers. Spinning drop experiments with pre-equilibrated oil and aqueous phases suggested that the presence of oil in association with the mixed emulsifier molecules in the aqueous phase affects the formation of an interfacial layer.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access and Dynamic User Clustering for Sum-Rate Maximization in Multiple RISs-Aided Uplink mmWave System (2022)

In this paper, a reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-aided millimeter wave (mmWave) uplink (UL) rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) system is investigated which targets to achieve better rate performance and enhanced coverage capability for multiple users. The considered UL RSMA model splits the rate for each user by dividing their message into multiple parts and hence exploits all the necessary degrees of freedom to achieve maximum capacity region and high user fairness. In particular, we focus on the sum-rate maximization for considered UL RSMA system subject to joint optimization of power allocation to the UL users and beamforming design, i.e., active receive beamforming at the base-station (BS) and passive beamforming at multiple RISs. To efficiently mitigate high inter-node interference in multi-user scenario, we first provided a low-complex user pairing scheme based on k-means clustering and then develop an effective low-cost alternating optimization framework to solve the joint optimization problem sub-optimally by decoupling the problem into different sub-problems of power allocation and beamforming design. Specifically, the sub-problems of power allocation and beamforming design are solved using successive convex approximation, Riemannian manifold and fractional programming techniques. Later, the unified solution based on block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is proposed. Extensive numerical simulations validate that the user-clustering effectively significantly improves the performance gain and the considered RSMA system outperforms the conventional multiple schemes in terms rate and user-fairness. Also, the exploitation of spatial correlation among each RIS elements i.e., non-diagonal phase-matrices at each RIS achieve better performance that conventional diagonal phase-matrices setting.
Phase 1 Trial of a Therapeutic Anti–Yellow Fever Virus Human Antibody (2020)

This phase 1 trial of TY014 did not identify worrisome safety signals and suggested potential clinical benefit, which requires further assessment in a phase 2 trial. (Funded by Tysana; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03776786.).
Interosseous Nerve Transfers for Tibialis Anterior Muscle Paralysis (Foot Drop): A Human Cadaver-Based Feasibility Study (2008)

This study explored the anatomical feasibility of using an interosseous nerve transfer (routed between the tibia and fibula) to restore motor function to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, following injury to the common peroneal nerve (resulting in a foot drop). The specific nerve branches evaluated as possible donor nerves included the nerves to the medial gastrocnemius, the lateral gastrocnemius, and the soleus muscles. All nerve transfers were accomplished using a direct interosseous route and a direct repair (one medial gastrocnemius transfer did require interpositional grafting). The distance from the repair site to the TA muscle was shortest for the transfer using the nerve branch to the soleus. Histologically, the nerve branch to the soleus was most similar to the branch to the TA for both axonal count and cross-sectional area. A two-incision surgical approach using a fibular window (mobilizing a fibular segment after double osteotomy) and interosseous routing of the transfer is proposed.
Adrenal inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced thyrotropin release: A comparative study in pre- and posthatch chicks (1999)

Recent evidence indicates that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts as a potent stimulator of thyrotropin (TSH) release in the chicken. In this study adrenal and thyroidal feedback mechanisms were studied. Administration of corticosterone 30 min prior to an ovine CRH (oCRH) challenge diminished the in vivo sensitivity of thyrotrophs to oCRH in 19-day-old chicken embryos (E19) (20 micrograms corticosterone; 2 micrograms oCRH) but not in 8-day-old chickens (C8) (40 micrograms corticosterone; 4 micrograms oCRH). At both ages studied, corticosterone (0.01 and 1 microM) did not alter the in vitro TSH response to oCRH (100 nM) indicating that an indirect mechanism is involved at the embryonic stage which is no longer present in posthatch chickens. In vitro, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) pretreatment (0.01 and 1 microM) resulted at both ages studied in a dose-dependent drop in the in vitro oCRH-induced TSH release. As recorded previously, corticosterone treatment provoked a rise in plasma T3 in embryonic but not in posthatch chickens. The presence of an indirect adrenal feedback mechanism in chicken embryos may therefore be linked to the increase in plasma T3 which will alter the sensitivity of thyrotrophs to hypothalamic releasing factors. In conclusion, corticosterone does not directly modulate the responsiveness of thyrotrophs to CRH, but its feedback mechanism may be dependent on the evoked increase in plasma T3 which is only present in embryonic chickens. Corticosterone may in this regard play an essential role during embryonic development by coordinating thyroidal feedback mechanisms at the level of the chicken pituitary.
Handbook of Induction Heating (2002)

Offering ready-to-use tables, diagrams, graphs, and simplified formulas for at-a-glance guidance in induction heating system design, this book contains numerous photographs, magnetic field plots, temperature profiles, case studies, hands-on guidelines, and practical recommendations to navigate through various system designs and avoid surprises in i
Extrathymic T Cell Lymphopoiesis (2003)

In the absence of thymopoiesis, T lymphocytes are nevertheless present, mainly in the gut epithelium. Ontogeny of the extrathymic pathway and the extent of its involvement in euthymic mice are controversial. These questions have been addressed by assessing the expression of recombinase activating gene (RAG) through the use of green fluorescent protein RAG2 transgenic mouse models. In athymic mice, T lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the mesenteric lymph node and less in the Peyer's patches. Ontogenic steps of this lymphopoiesis resemble those of thymopoiesis, but with an apparent bias toward gamma delta T cell production and with a paucity of oligoclonal alpha beta T cells possibly resulting from a deficit in positive selection. Whether in athymic or euthymic mice, neither T intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) nor cryptopatch cells (reported to contain precursors of IEL) displayed fluorescence indicating recent RAG protein synthesis. Newly made T cells migrate from the mesenteric node into the thoracic duct lymph to reach the gut mucosa. In euthymic mice, this extrathymic pathway is totally repressed, except in conditions of severe lymphocytic depletion. Thus, in normal animals, all gut T IEL, including CD8 alpha alpha(+) cells, are of thymic origin, CD8 alpha alpha(+) TCR alpha beta(+) IEL being the likely progeny of double negative NK1-1(-) thymocytes, which show polyclonal V alpha and V beta repertoires.
Influence of shot noise on phase measurement accuracy in digital holographic microscopy (2007)

Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) is a single shot interferometric technique, which provides quantitative phase images with subwavelength axial accuracy. A short hologram acquisition time (down to microseconds), allows DHM to offer a reduced sensitivity to vibrations, and real time observation is achievable thanks to present performances of personal computers and charge coupled devices (CCDs). Fast dynamic imaging at low-light level involves few photons, requiring proper camera settings (integration time and gain of the CCD; power of the light source) to minimize the influence of shot noise on the hologram when the highest phase accuracy is aimed. With simulated and experimental data, a systematic analysis of the fundamental shot noise influence on phase accuracy in DHM is presented.
An extended relational algebra with control over duplicate elimination (1982)

In the pure relational model, duplicate tuples are automatically eliminated. Some real world languages such as DAPLEX, however, give users control over duplicate elimination. This paper extends the relational model to include multiset relations, i.e., relations with duplicate tuples. It considers three formalisms for expressing queries in this model: extended relational algebra, tableaux, and DAPLEX. It shows that, as in the original algebra, the equivalence problem for conjunctive expressions in the extended algebra can be solved using tableaux, and is NP-complete. Finally, it demonstrates that the extended algebra and DAPLEX have essentially the same expressiveness relative to conjunctive expressions.
Point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring of intravenously delivered drugs via tubing with an integrated SERS sensor (2014)

We demonstrate an approach for detection, identification, and kinetic monitoring of drugs flowing within tubing, through the use of a plasmonic nanodome array (PNA) surface. The PNA structures are fabricated using a low-cost nanoreplica molding process upon a flexible plastic substrate that is subsequently integrated with a flow cell that connects in series with ordinary intravenous (IV) drug delivery tubing. To investigate the potential clinical applications for point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring, we perform SERS detection of ten pharmaceutical compounds (hydrocodone, levorphanol, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, phenobarbital, dopamine, diltiazem, promethazine, and mitoxantrone). We demonstrate dose-dependent SERS signal magnitude, resulting in detection limits (ng ml(-1)) well below typical administered dosages (mg ml(-1)). Further, we show that the detected drugs are not permanently attached to the PNA surface, and thus our approach is capable of performing continuous monitoring of drug delivery as materials flow through IV tubing that is connected in series with the sensor. Finally, we demonstrate the potential co-detection of multiple drugs when they are mixed together, and show excellent reproducibility and stability of SERS measurements for periods extending at least five days. The capabilities reported here demonstrate the potential to use PNA SERS surfaces for enhancing the safety of IV drug delivery.
Targeting protein homeostasis with nelfinavir/salinomycin dual therapy effectively induces death of mTORC1 hyperactive cells (2017)

Uncontrolled cell growth in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex occurs due to inappropriate activation of mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The current therapy, rapamycin, produced promising clinical trial results, but patient tumours regrow if treatment is discontinued, revealing rapamycin has cytostatic properties rather than a cytotoxic effect. Taking advantage of the enhanced levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress present in TSC2-null cells, we investigated drug combinations producing a cytotoxic response. We found a nelfinavir and salinomycin combination specifically killed TSC2-deficient, mTORC1 hyperactive cells. Cytotoxicity was rescued by reducing protein synthesis, either through mTORC1 inhibition or cycloheximide treatment. This indicates that the drug combination targets the cells by tipping the protein homeostasis balance of the already metabolically stressed TSC2-deficient cells in favour of cell death. Furthermore, this drug combination also inhibited tumour formation in TSC2-deficient cell models and caused tumour spheroid death in 3D culture. Importantly, the 3D assay could differentiate the cytostatic agent, rapamycin, from the cytotoxic nelfinavir/salinomycin combination. Sporadic cancer cell lines with hyperactive mTORC1 signalling were also susceptible to this nelfinavir/salinomycin drug combination. This work indicates that the protein homeostasis pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in both Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and mTORC1-driven sporadic cancers.
Free-Breathing Liver Fat Quantification using Radial Acquisition on a High-Performance 0.55T MRI System (2023)

MRI proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) is used for non-invasive diagnosis of fatty liver disease, and has been validated at 1.5T and 3T field strengths. There is renewed interest in lower field strengths, such as 0.55T, because of potential advantages such as lower hardware/siting costs and a larger bore diameter. This study investigated PDFF quantification at 0.55T and validated PDFF quantification at 0.55T using Cartesian and Radial Dixon techniques in a reference phantom, and demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo free-breathing radial liver PDFF quantification in healthy subjects at 0.55T.
Trading services in ontology-driven markets (2006)

In order to realize the vision of a full-fletched service oriented architecture efficient service discovery and allocation is required to coordinate the interplay between service providers and requesters. This paper presents the architecture of an ontology-driven market for trading Semantic Web Services. An auction schema is enriched by a set of components enabling semantics based matching as well as price-based allocations. Moreover, an approach for reducing the complexity of the auction system by means of background knowledge is proposed.
Magnetic resonance elastography is accurate in detecting advanced fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (2017)

MRE is a promising modality for detection of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with AIH with superior diagnostic accuracy compared to laboratory assessment and MRI.
Micro-beamer based on MEMS micro-mirrors and laser light source (2009)

This paper presents a complete portable laser-based projection system using two one-dimensional magnetic actuated MEMS linear scanning micro-mirrors. Dedicated high speed electronics was developed to drive the MEMS, detect the mirror scanning position at any time and synchronize the two mirrors and the laser pulsation. The achieved projection system head is 3 cm3 and is able to project static images and videos with projection size of 50 cm diagonal at 50 cm distance with 32x32 px resolution, the resolution is only limited by current optical setup. The circuit building blocks itself can project image with resolution up to QVGA (320x240 px), suitable for information display applications.
Experiments on throughput performance above 100-Mbps in forward link for VSF-OFCDM broadband wireless access (2003)

This paper presents experimental evaluations on the throughput performance of the recently proposed variable spreading factor (VSF)- orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) broadband packet wireless access associated with adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) in the forward link multipath Rayleigh fading channel. The implemented OFCDM transceiver verifies the effectiveness of the combination of the OFCDM and AMC including QPSK and 16QAM data modulations with a fast round trip delay of 6 msec in improving the throughput performance by exploiting the frequency diversity effect in a broadband channel. The experimental results show that the throughput performance of 100 and 200 Mbps employing AMC is achieved at the average received signal energy per symbol-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub s//N/sub 0/) of approximately 7.5 and 19 dB, respectively, for 15-code multiplexing employing time domain spreading with the spreading factor of SF = 16 in the forward link with a 100-MHz bandwidth, in a six-path Rayleigh fading channel with the fading maximum Doppler frequency of f/sub D/ = 20 Hz. Furthermore, we elucidate that the throughput of more than 100 Mbps is achieved at the average received E/sub s//N/sub 0/ of approximately 8-10 dB even for the root mean squared delay spread of 0.6 /spl mu/sec (i.e., the maximum time delay of the path is 2 /spl mu/sec) and for f/sub D/ = 400 Hz (corresponding moving speed of approximately 90 km/h assuming a 5-GHz carrier frequency).
Comparative BTI analysis for various sense amplifier designs (2016)

With the continuous downscaling of CMOS technologies, ICs become more vulnerable to transistor aging mainly due to Bias Temperature Instability (BTI). This paper presents a comparative study of the BTI impact while considering varying supply voltages and temperatures for three memory sense amplifier (SA) designs: low power (LP), mid power/performance (MP), and high performance (HP). As an evaluation metric, the sensing delay (SD) of the three designs is analyzed for various workloads using 45nm technology. The results show that HP SA degrades faster than MP SA and LP SA irrespective of the workload, supply voltage, and temperature. At nominal supply voltage and temperature, HP degrades up to 1.62x faster than MP, and up to 1.94x faster than LP designs for the worst case workload. In addition, the results show that an increase of 10% in power supply has a marginal impact on the relative degradation. In contrast, the results show that a temperature increment significantly worsens the BTI impact. Finally, the results show that for 16nm technology, BTI impact becomes worse and even causes read failures. This clearly indicates that designing for reliability is not only strongly application dependent, but also technology node dependent. Hence, one has to carefully consider the targeted application, design, and technology node in order to provide appropriate solutions.
Supplementary Figure 3 from MicroRNA Alterations of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 524K&lt;/p&gt;
HCV‐hepatocellular carcinoma: New findings and hope for effective treatment (2005)

We present here a comprehensive review of the current literature plus our own findings about in vivo and in vitro analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, viral pathogenesis, mechanisms of interferon action, interferon resistance, and development of new therapeutics. Chronic HCV infection is a major risk factor for the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Standard therapy for chronic HCV infection is the combination of interferon alpha and ribavirin. A significant number of chronic HCV patients who cannot get rid of the virus infection by interferon therapy experience long-term inflammation of the liver and scarring of liver tissue. Patients who develop cirrhosis usually have increased risk of developing liver cancer. The molecular details of why some patients do not respond to standard interferon therapy are not known. Availability of HCV cell culture model has increased our understanding on the antiviral action of interferon alpha and mechanisms of interferon resistance. Interferons alpha, beta, and gamma each inhibit replication of HCV, and the antiviral action of interferon is targeted to the highly conserved 5'UTR used by the virus to translate protein by internal ribosome entry site mechanism. Studies from different laboratories including ours suggest that HCV replication in selected clones of cells can escape interferon action. Both viral and host factors appear to be involved in the mechanisms of interferon resistance against HCV. Since interferon therapy is not effective in all chronic hepatitis C patients, alternative therapeutic strategies are needed to treat chronic hepatitis C patients not responding to interferon therapy. We also reviewed the recent development of new alternative therapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis C, which may be available in clinical use within the next decade. There is hope that these new agents along with interferon will prevent the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma due to chronic persistent hepatitis C virus infection. This review is not inclusive of all important scientific publications due to space limitation.