gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regio-Selectivity Prediction with a Machine-Learned Reaction Representation and On-the-Fly Quantum Mechanical Descriptors (2020)

We introduce a new method that combines machine-learned reaction representation with selected quantum mechanical descriptors to predict regio-selectivity in general substitution reactions. We construct a reactivity descriptor database based on ab initio calculations of 130k organic molecules, and train a multi-task constrained model to calculate demanded descriptors on-the-fly.
Detection of Glycoproteins in Gels and Blots (2003)

As we become more aware of the significance of posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, in the production of recombinant proteins and in the proteomic studies of development and disease, techniques for the identification and characterization of the oligosaccharides attached to proteins need to be established.
Analysis of Prostaglandin E2 Effect on T Lymphocyte Activation (1987)

We have investigated the inhibitory potential of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with respect to intracellular messengers implicated in the signaling system ofT-lymphocyte activation pathway. Using the fluorescent indicator Quin 2, it is demonstrated thatPGE2 inhibits the increase in cytosolic-free calcium concentration ICa211. Reconstitution of calcium mobilization in the presence of PGE2 by the calcium ionophore A23187 results in a partial restoration of both interleukin 2 (IL2) production and cell proliferation and has no effect on the inhibition oftransferrin receptor expression. In contrast, the treatment of cell cultures with the tumor promotor 12.0 tetra decanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) abrogates the suppressor activity ofPGE2. WhenT lymphocyte stimulation is provided by the combination ofA23187 and TPA, the PGE2 inhibitory effect does not occur. These data also indicate that the down regulation of transferrin receptor by PGE2 is proximal to protein kinase C activation and is not associated with decreased expression of the functional IL2 receptor.
High-speed area-efficient multiplier design using multiple-valued current-mode circuits (1994)

Presents a very-large-scale-integration (VLSI)-oriented high-speed multiplier design method based on carry-propagation-free addition trees and a circuit technique, so-called multiple-valued current-mode (MVCM) circuits. The carry-propagation-free addition method uses a redundant digit set such as /spl lcub/0,1,2,3/spl rcub/ and /spl lcub/0,1,2,3,4/spl rcub/. The number representations using such redundant digit sets are called redundant positive-digit number representations. The carry-propagation-free addition is written by three steps, and the adder can be designed directly and efficiently from the algorithm using MVCM circuits. The designed multiplier internally using the MVCM parallel adder with the digit set /spl lcub/0,1,2,3/spl rcub/ in radix 2 has attractive features on speed, regularity of the structure, and reduced complexities of active elements and interconnections. A prototype CMOS integrated circuit of the MVCM parallel adder has been implemented, and its stable operation has been confirmed. Other possible schemes of multipliers with redundant digit sets using MVCM technology are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experimental and theoretical analysis for improved microscope design of optical projection tomographic microscopy (2013)

We present theoretical and experimental results of axial displacement of objects relative to a fixed condenser focal plane (FP) in optical projection tomographic microscopy (OPTM). OPTM produces three-dimensional, reconstructed images of single cells from two-dimensional projections. The cell rotates in a microcapillary to acquire projections from different perspectives where the objective FP is scanned through the cell while the condenser FP remains fixed at the center of the microcapillary. This work uses a combination of experimental and theoretical methods to improve the OPTM instrument design.
Polymorphism of the Apolipoprotein E and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genes in Japanese Subjects With Silent Myocardial Ischemia (1996)

The apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele and homozygous deletion allele (DD) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene are reported to be associated with an increase in the incidence of ischemic heart disease. In this study, we examined whether the apolipoprotein epsilon4 genotype and angiotensin-converting enzyme/DD allele are associated with silent myocardial ischemia. We screened 3920 subjects undergoing general checkups who no symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Seventy subjects (2 percent) showed ischemic ST-segment depression during the double two-step exercise test. One hundred and twenty control subjects without ischemic ST-segment depression were recruited from the same population and matched for sex, age, and blood pressure. We performed genotyping of the apolipoprotein E gene (epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4) and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (I and D) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Allele frequently of epsilon4 of the apolipoprotein E gene was higher in the ischemic group (11 percent) than the nonischemic group (5 percent) (chi2 = 5.35, P < .05), but there was no significant association between the allele or the genotype frequency of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and the incidence of ischemic ST-segment depression. Furthermore, stepwise multiple regression analysis also revealed that total cholesterol level and epsilon4 genotype were predictors of ischemic change in the exercise tolerance test (chi2 = 12.8, P < .005, R(2) = .051). These results suggest that the apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele is an independent genetic risk factor for silent myocardial ischemia in Japanese subjects.
Effects of oxygen impurity on the surface in ZnS crystals and blue light-emitting diodes (1984)

Rutherford backscattering (RBS)/channelling and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have been performed to elucidate surface states of cubic-structure ZnS crystals doped with iodine. The XPS studies combined with an Ar+-ion sputtering technique revealed that adsorption of oxygen and chemical oxidation at the cleaved (110) faces resulted in significant changes of the surface properties, and that a large oxygen concentration, above 1019 cm-3, was detectable at the surface and in the bulk of the crystal prepared under various oxidation conditions. It is tentatively suggested that the chemically oxidised layer consists of ZnO and ZnS mixed alloys. The formation of oxide layers was applied to low-resistive n-ZnS and allowed the fabrication of an efficient blue light-emitting diode (LED) with the M pi S structure. It is demonstrated that the blue LED, with an effective interfacial layer of about 300 AA, exhibit a high-efficiency forward-bias injection blue luminescence around 2.76 eV at room temperature (an external quantum efficiency of about 8*10-4 photons/electron) as a result of the involvement of two kinds of donor-acceptor pair recombination centres.
Control Strategy and Energy Density Enhancement Methodology for Merged Energy Buffer-based AC-DC Converters (2020)

This paper presents an improved control strategy and a systematic optimization methodology to enhance the operation and energy density of merged energy buffer-based two-stage ac-dc converters. The merged energy buffer comprises series-stacked switchable capacitors for twice-line-frequency energy buffering and also helps reduce the voltage step-down requirement from the second stage dc-dc converter. A simple and robust control strategy that relies on the voltage of only one of the buffer capacitors is proposed to ensure stable operation of the energy buffer. The proposed optimization methodology to reduce the size of the energy buffer searches across the design space to determine the optimal capacitance values of the buffer capacitors and leverages a standard circuit simulator to expedite this optimization process. The control strategy and optimization methodology are validated using a 50 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> 150-W offline LED driver prototype. The optimized electrolytic-free LED driver achieves 17% buffer volume reduction compared to the previous design.
Recombinant Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody (bsMAb) Against CD20 and CD22 Active In Vitro and In Vivo Against B-Cell Lymphomas. (2006)

Abstract Background: Preclinical and clinical results suggest improved anti-lymphoma activity of combining anti-CD20 and anti-CD22 MAbs. Our aim was to develop a recombinant bispecific MAb against CD20 and CD22 antigens, and to evaluate its anti-tumor potency compared to the parental MAbs. Methods: Tetravalent anti-CD20/CD22 bsMAb in the form of anti-CD20 IgG linked to two anti-CD22 scFv’s was prepared recombinantly. The ability of the bsMAb to inhibit cell growth and mediate CDC and ADCC was evaluated by cell-based assays. Phosphorylation and distribution of CD22 in B-lymphoma cells treated with the bsMAb were studied by immunoblotting. The extension of survival of disseminated Daudi lymphoma cells in SCID mice also was evalauted. Results: In contrast to the parental anti-CD22 MAb, epratuzumab, the bsMAb did not internalize in Ramos cells. In CDC tests, the bsMAb showed no cytotoxic effects, similar to epratuzumab, although it did bind C1q complement protein, unlike epratuzumab. In ADCC, the bsMAb was as potent as the parental humanized anti-CD20 Mab, hA20, in inducing target-cell lysis. The anti-CD20/CD22 bsMAb has distinct effects on NHL B-cell lines compared to each parental monospecific MAb or in combination: &lt;10 nM bsMAb causes cells to aggregate; in the soluble, non-crosslinked form, while none of the parental MAbs alone or mixed had significant anti-proliferative activity, the recombinant bsMAb was strongly anti-proliferative; the anti-proliferation activities induced by an anti-IgM Ab and the bsMAb were synergistic; and the bsMAb resulted in rapid redistribution of CD22 into detergent-resistant membrane microdomains on the cell surface. Initial animal studies show that the bsMab significantly extended survival over control SCID mice. Conclusion: The recombinantly fused anti-CD20/CD22 bsMAb has new properties compared to the parental monospecific MAbs, and may represent a new class of potential therapeutic agents that could replace binary combinations of antibodies.
Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using Au–Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts (2005)

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using a range of Au, Pd and Au–Pd metal nanoparticles supported on iron oxide is described and discussed, and in particular the microstructure of the catalysts are investigated using a detailed electron microscopy study. Iron oxide was selected as a support because Au/Fe2O3 catalysts are known to be very active for low temperature CO oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide synthesis was investigated at low temperatures (2 °C) and short reaction (residence) time, and the addition of Pd to the Au catalyst was found to increase the rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis as well as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed. Indeed the rates of hydrogen peroxide synthesis are higher for the Au–Pd alloy catalysts as compared to the Au or Pd only catalysts. These catalyst materials were also investigated for CO oxidation at 25 °C and all were found to be almost inactive. In contrast, Au-based catalysts that are very effective for low temperature CO oxidation were found to be totally inactive for H2 oxidation to H2O2. This suggests an inverse correlation between catalysts that are active for either CO or H2 activation. The microstructure of the Au–Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts was studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy and the metal alloy nanoparticles were found to have a core–shell morphology with Pd concentrated on the catalyst surface.
Chemical Detoxification of Small Molecules by Caenorhabditis elegans (2012)

Caenorhabditis elegans lives in compost and decaying fruit, eats bacteria and is exposed to pathogenic microbes. We show that C. elegans is able to modify diverse microbial small-molecule toxins via both O- and N-glucosylation as well as unusual 3'-O-phosphorylation of the resulting glucosides. The resulting glucosylated derivatives have significantly reduced toxicity to C. elegans, suggesting that these chemical modifications represent a general mechanism for worms to detoxify their environments.
High power ultrafast semiconductor injection diode lasers (1995)

The generation of ultrafast optical pulses from semiconductor diode lasers is extremely attractive owing to the compact and efficient properties of these devices. Applications of these devices range from photonic switching (Smith, 1984), electro-optic sampling (Valdmanis et al., 1982; Valdmanis et al., 1983), optical computing (Miller, 1987; Miller, 1989), optical clocking (Delfyett et al., 1991), applied nonlinear optics (Miller et al., 1983), and other areas of ultrafast laser technology (Delfyett et al., 1991). There have been many recent advances in ultrafast pulse generation from diode lasers in the past few years, with many researchers concentrating on device fabrication, device physics, theoretical modeling and systems applications.
Through-process study of factors controlling the critical current density of Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oxtapes (2001)

The connectivity and flux pinning components of the critical current density Jc in a high-Jc Ag-clad, 19-filament (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox(Bi-2223) composite throughout important steps in its thermomechanical treatment were investigated by mass density measurement, microstructural observation and extensive superconducting property characterization. The mechanical integrity of the filaments was greatest after the first heat treatment, because damage produced by intermediate rolling was not completely erased by subsequent heat treatment. The final relative filament mass density was less than 75%, even though Jc more than tripled to reach ~50 kA cm-2 (77 K, 0 T) after final heat treatment. Filament resistance and Jc data showed that the electrical connectivity improved significantly throughout the process, although ultrasonic fracturing, magneto-optical images and density measurements all showed that the mechanical and physical connectivity degraded. Our study suggests that the attainable Jc of Bi-2223 is determined by the electrical connectivity of each filament which is itself an uncertain compromise between minimizing the significant porosity produced by the Bi-2223 formation reaction and the extensive crack network that porosity reduction by intermediate rolling produces.
Thermal Williams–Comstock Model for Predicting Transition Lengths in a Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording System (2004)

A thermal Williams-Comstock recording model was developed to predict the transition length in a longitudinal heat-assisted magnetic recording system. In this paper, we compare the results from the model to experimentally determined transition lengths from a dual-sided heat-assisted magnetic recording spin stand. We found both experimentally and theoretically that there exists an optimal alignment between the thermal profile and the magnetic head, which minimizes the transition length. By properly optimizing the write current and laser power, it was possible to record transitions shorter then those attainable with conventional longitudinal recording.
Assembly of fatty acid bilayers on hydrophobic substrates using a horizontal deposition procedure (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssembly of fatty acid bilayers on hydrophobic substrates using a horizontal deposition procedureSamuel Lee, Jorma A. Virtanen, Sinikka A. Virtanen, and Reginald M. PennerCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 5, 1243–1246Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00041a003https://doi.org/10.1021/la00041a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
St. Louis encephalitis in Arkansas. (1992)

The first outbreak of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) in Arkansas occurred in Pine Bluff (Jefferson County) during July-August 1991. Cases of SLE were identified mainly through reporting by physicians in Jefferson and surrounding counties. In addition, testing of stored cerebrospinal fluid specimens, a hospital chart review, and a serosurvey were performed in Pine Bluff. Twenty-eight Arkansas residents, five of whom died, had cases of SLE. Half the case patients were over age 60, and nearly half had hypertension. The serosurvey confirmed that infection with the SLE virus was not new to Pine Bluff, and that most infections in 1991 were asymptomatic. Arkansas physicians may see more cases of SLE in 1992. SLE epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and preventive measures are reviewed.
HEMOGLOBIN-VESICLES (HBV) AS ARTIFICIAL OXYGEN CARRIERS: RECOVERY AFTER ACUTE HEMODILUTION WITH HBV SUSPENDED IN RECOMBINANT HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN FOR 14 DAYS (2006)

Hb-vesicles (HbV) are artificial O2 carriers for the use of transfusion alternative. Their efficacy for acute hemodilution has been characterized in animal models. In this study we aimed to clarify the subsequent profiles of recovery involving hematopoiesis and degradation of HbV in RES [1]. Isovolemic 40% hemodilution was performed in 60 male Wistar rats either with HbV suspended in 5 g/dl rHSA (HbV/rHSA, [Hb] = 8.6 g/dl), stored rat RBCs suspended in rHSA (sRBC/rHSA), or rHSA alone. Hematological and plasma biochemical analyses and histopathological examination were conducted for 14 days. The reduced Hct (26%) for the HbV/rHSA and rHSA groups returned to its original level (43%) in 7 days. Plasma EPO was elevated in all groups: the rHSA group showed the highest value at day 1 (321±123 mIU/ml) relating to the anemic conditions (HbV/rHSA, 153±22; sRBC/rHSA, 63±7; baseline, 21±3). Simultaneously, splenomegaly occurred in all the groups as HbV/rHSA > rHSA > sRBC/rHSA. Histopathologically, the accumulated HbV in the spleen was undetectable by day 14, but hemosiderin was deposited slightly for both the HbV/rHSA and sRBC/rHSA groups. Considerable amounts of erythroblasts were apparent in the spleens of both the rHSA and HbV/rHSA groups. HbV was phagocytized and degraded in RES, a physiologic compartment for the degradation of senescent RBCs, and the elevated erythropoietic activity resulted in the complete recovery of Hct within 7 days. [1] Sakai et al., Transfusion 2006;46: (in press).
Figure S16 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 16 shows the functional blockade of PD-1 receptors in cynomolgus monkeys treated with sasanlimab.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of Web-Based Solar Photovoltaic Mapping Tools (2009)

As the demand for renewable energy has grown, so too has the need to quantify the potential for these resources. Understanding the potential for a particular energy source can help inform policy decisions, educate consumers, drive technological development, increase manufacturing capacity, and improve marketing methods. In response to the desire to better understand the potential of clean energy technologies, several approaches have been developed to help inform decisions. One technology-specific example is the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) maps. A solar PV mapping tool visually represents a specific site and calculates PV system size and projected electricity production. This paper identifies the commercially available solar mapping tools and provides a thorough summary of the source data type and resolution, the visualization software program being used, user inputs, calculation methodology and algorithms, map outputs, and development costs for each map.
Smart-aggregation imaging for single molecule localization with SPAD cameras (2016)

SPAD cameras offer single photon detection sensitivity, high frame rates and zero readout noise. They are a core technology for widefield FLIM, but have further potential in ultra-fast imaging applications. However, in practice sensitivity falls behind that of EMCCD and sCMOS devices due to the lower photon detection efficiency of SPAD arrays. This paper considers the application of a binary SPAD camera to the capture of blinking molecules as part of a superresolution (dSTORM/PALM) experiment. Simulation and experimental studies demonstrate that the effective sensitivity of the camera can be improved significantly by aggregation of signal only binary frames. The simulations also indicate that with future advances in SPAD camera technology, SPAD devices could in time outperform existing scientific cameras when capturing fast temporal dynamics.
Bone demineralisation in a large cohort of Wilson disease patients (2015)

Our study suggests that WD is intrinsically associated with bone demineralisation.
Negatively charged boron vacancy center in diamond (2022)

The negatively charged boron-vacancy pair - the BV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center - was a missing defect in diamond. It is expectedly very similar to the NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center, which is one of the most famous spin defects or spin qubits in semiconductors. The BV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center has now been identified by electron paramagnetic resonance on specially prepared diamonds. Its spin-triplet state resembles a lot that of NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, while its optically detected magnetic resonance signal was invisible, posing a puzzle why the BV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ luminescence is so weak.
Water Bridging Dynamics of Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Gauge Theory Paradigm of Quantum Fields [Erratum:June 17, 2017, v.9(6)] (2017)

We discuss the role of water bridging the DNA-enzyme interaction by resorting to recent results showing that London dispersion forces between delocalized electrons of base pairs of DNA are responsible for the formation of dipole modes that can be recognized by Taq polymerase. We describe the dynamic origin of the high efficiency and precise targeting of Taq activity in PCR. The spatiotemporal distribution of interaction couplings, frequencies, amplitudes, and phase modulations comprise a pattern of fields which constitutes the electromagnetic image of DNA in the surrounding water, which is what the polymerase enzyme actually recognizes in the DNA water environment. The experimental realization of PCR amplification, achieved through replacement of the DNA template by the treatment of pure water with electromagnetic signals recorded from viral and bacterial DNA solutions, is found consistent with the gauge theory paradigm of quantum fields.