gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of contact weld force on arc energy supplied to contact surface in low voltage switches (2015)

This paper describes a mechanism of contact welding formed by bounce arc upon contact making, based on experiments, theoretic and analytic study. We measured the weld force after every contact making in a low-voltage condition (200 V-AC). The arc current was set to 140 to 500 A by using a reactor load, the arc duration time was within 0.22 to 2.37 ms, and the contact material was pure silver (99.99 %). In this condition, we clarified that the weld force increases depending on arc energy supplied to the contact surface. We also measured the melted area on contact surface and clarified the area dependence on the arc energy. Considering that the tensile strength of silver is 170 N/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the measured melted area is too large as a welded area. Then we found out that the real welded area corresponds to about 25 % of the melted area. As a conclusion, we suggest that a vaporized area on the contact surface may not be involved in contact welding, from the analytical simulation of thermal conduction in the contact model. The real welded area is the region whose temperature is higher than the melting temperature and that remains without evaporation.
Physiologic Monitoring in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research (2008)

There is a rich history of measuring physiologic responses between patient and clinician that has infused psychodynamic psychotherapy research for over half a century. The findings complement research outside of psychotherapy that increasingly supports a significant relationship between physiological, emotional, and psychological states [1]. Indeed, investigations into how physiologic parameters change during psychotherapy offer a unique opportunity to inform clinical practice, improve training of clinicians, and illuminate change processes unique to human dyadic relationships [2]. The goal of this chapter is to review the history of physiologic monitoring during psychodynamic psychotherapy and present recent findings that complement neuroimaging results and support recent advances in interpersonal neurobiology and social neuroscience. A clinical case from a research protocol is described that demonstrates the power of insights derived from physiologic measurement and illustrates the challenges of breaking through unconscious defenses in the process of psychodynamic psychotherapy.
End-fire catheter antenna for microwave ablation of the endocardium (2002)

A novel catheter antenna for microwave medical applications has been developed. The antenna provides an end-fire heating pattern and dielectric bifurcated choke to minimize current leakage. The concept employed for end-fire performance involves impedance loading on the antenna structure to achieve a traveling wave distribution of current. The antenna need not be in contact with the endocardium for successful launching of the microwave energy in the end-fire direction. Simply pointing it at the target tissue is sufficient to create deep lesions. The capacitive loading effect on the antenna by myocardium and catheter construction are considered in the design of the system for optimum radiation and energy coupling efficiency. Numerical modeling provides a way to optimize the design of antennas such as the catheterized end-fire antenna discussed previously. The numerical electromagnetics code (NEC-4) a method-of-moments code and XFDTD which employs a finite-difference time domain technique are examples. Data are presented using NEC-4 showing how the heating pattern at microwave frequency can become end-fire by moving an impedance load to the correct position on the antenna. The value of the impedance load on the antenna and position were determined using Romberg integration to solve for the antenna's expansion parameter.
Stochastic programming for energy planning in microgrids with renewables (2013)

Energy management for a microgrid featuring distributed generation from conventional and renewable energy sources and adjustable loads is the theme of this paper. The microgrid is connected to the main grid, thus enabling energy import from and export to the main grid. A two-stage stochastic programming formulation is developed, where first-stage decisions are the conventional generation schedules and adjustable load set points, while second-stage decisions include energy transactions with the main grid as well as load adjustments made in real time. The two-stage problem is reformulated as an equivalent linear program. Simulated tests demonstrate the interplay between the various energy management decisions.
Adenosine A2AAgonist Administration Improves Islet Transplant Outcome: Evidence for the Role of Innate Immunity in Islet Graft Rejection (2010)

Activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors inhibits inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion injury, and protects against cell damage at the injury site. Following transplantation 50% of islets die due to inflammation and apoptosis. This study investigated the effects of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists (ATL146e and ATL313) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in vitro and transplanted murine syngeneic islet function in vivo. Compared to vehicle controls, ATL146e (100 nM) decreased insulin stimulation index [SI, (insulin)(high glucose)/(insulin)(low glucose)] (2.36 +/- 0.22 vs. 3.75 +/- 0.45; n = 9; p < 0.05). Coculture of islets with syngeneic leukocytes reduced SI (1.41 +/- 0.17; p < 0.05), and this was restored by ATL treatment (2.57 +/- 0.18; NS). Addition of a selective A(2A)AR antagonist abrogated ATL's protective effect, reducing SI (1.11 +/- 0.42). ATL treatment of A(2A)AR(+/+) islet/A(2A)AR(-/-) leukocyte cocultures failed to protect islet function (SI), implicating leukocytes as likely targets of A(2A)AR agonists. Diabetic recipient C57BL/6 mice (streptozotocin; 250 mg/kg, IP) received islet transplants to either the renal subcapsular or hepatic-intraportal site. Recipient mice receiving ATL therapy (ATL 146e or ATL313, 60 ng/kg/min, IP) achieved normoglycemia more rapidly than untreated recipients. Histological examination of grafts suggested reduced cellular necrosis, fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration in agonist-treated animals. Administration of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists (ATL146e or ATL313) improves in vitro GSIS by an effect on leukocytes, and improves survival and functional engraftment of transplanted islets by inhibiting inflammatory islet damage in the peritransplant period, suggesting a potentially significant new strategy for reducing inflammatory islet loss in clinical transplantation.
MEMS digital camera (2007)

MEMS technology uses photolithography and etching of silicon wafers to enable mechanical structures with less than 1 &mgr;m tolerance, important for the miniaturization of imaging systems. In this paper, we present the first silicon MEMS digital auto-focus camera for use in cell phones with a focus range of 10 cm to infinity. At the heart of the new silicon MEMS digital camera, a simple and low-cost electromagnetic actuator impels a silicon MEMS motion control stage on which a lens is mounted. The silicon stage ensures precise alignment of the lens with respect to the imager, and enables precision motion of the lens over a range of 300 &mgr;m with < 5 &mgr;m hysteresis and < 2 &mgr;m repeatability. Settling time is < 15 ms for 200 &mgr;m step, and < 5ms for 20 &mgr;m step enabling AF within 0.36 sec at 30 fps. The precise motion allows COTS optics to maintain MTF > 0.8 at 20 cy/mm up to 80% field over the full range of motion. Accelerated lifetime testing has shown that the alignment and precision of motion is maintained after 8,000 g shocks, thermal cycling from - 40 C to 85 C, and operation over 20 million cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(trichloromethyl) Carbonate in Organic Synthesis (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Energy transfer and triplet exciton confinement in polymeric electrophosphorescent devices (2003)

Abstract Energy transfer and triplet exciton confinement in polymer/phosphorescent dopant systems have been investigated. Various combinations of host‐guest systems have been studied, consisting of two host polymers, poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly[9,9‐bis(octyl)‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl] (PF), blended with five different phosphorescent iridium complexes with different triplet energy levels. These combinations of hosts and dopants provide an ideal situation for studying the movement of triplet excitons between the host polymers and dopants. The excitons either can be confined at the dopant sites or can flow to the host polymers, subject to the relative position of the triplet energy levels of the material. For PF, because of its low triplet energy level, the exciton can flow back from the dopants to PF when the dopant has a higher triplet energy and subsequently quench the device efficiency. In contrast, efficient electrophosphorescence has been observed in doped PVK films because of the high triplet energy level of PVK. Better energy transfer from PVK to the dopants, as well as triplet exciton confinement on the dopants, leads to higher device performance than found in PF devices. Efficiencies as high as 16, 8.0, and 2.6 cd/A for green, yellow, and red emissions, respectively, can be achieved when PVK is selected as the host polymer. The results in this study show that the energy transfer and triplet exciton confinement have a pronounced influence on the device performance. In addition, this study also provides material design and selection rules for the efficient phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2681–2690, 2003
Propulsion and battery charging systems of an all-electric boat fully constructed with interleaved converters employing interphase transformers and Gallium Nitride (GaN) power FET semiconductors (2014)

This work presents a Power Electronics solution for an all-electric passenger boat. The proposed system is constructed with building blocks comprising interleaved half-bridge converters employing interphase transformer and Gallium Nitride FET semiconductors. The system employs two multi-level drives and an integrated harbor and onboard PV system. The PV battery charger has two stages. One converter per PV panel and a second based on cascaded buck-boost converters that control the battery current and adapts the voltage levels. The operation, control and design expressions are presented. Finally, experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism and Prevention of Thrombosis in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: State of the Art Review (2018)

Objective The aim of this report is to present a cohesive evidence-based approach to reducing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. VTE prevention includes deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Despite national efforts in VTE prevention, guidelines do not exist for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in the United States. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE. Review Methods A comprehensive review of literature pertaining to VTE in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery was performed, identifying data on incidence of thrombotic complications and the outcomes of regimens for thromboprophylaxis. Data were then synthesized and compared with other surgical specialties. Conclusions We identified 29 articles: 1 prospective cohort study and 28 retrospective studies. The overall prevalence of VTE in otolaryngology appears lower than that of most other surgical specialties. The Caprini system allows effective individualized risk stratification for VTE prevention in otolaryngology. Mechanical and chemoprophylaxis ("dual thromboprophylaxis") is recommended for patients with a Caprini score ≥7 or patients with a Caprini score of 5 or 6 who undergo major head and neck surgery, when prolonged hospital stay is anticipated or mobility is limited. For patients with a Caprini score of 5 or 6, we recommend dual thromboprophylaxis or mechanical prophylaxis alone. Patients with a Caprini score ≤4 should receive mechanical prophylaxis alone. Implications for Practice Otolaryngologists should consider an individualized and risk-stratified plan for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in every patient. The risk of bleeding must be weighed against the risk of VTE when deciding on chemoprophylaxis.
Massive APOBEC3 Editing of Hepatitis B Viral DNA in Cirrhosis (2010)

DNA viruses, retroviruses and hepadnaviruses, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), are vulnerable to genetic editing of single stranded DNA by host cell APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases. At least three A3 genes are up regulated by interferon-alpha in human hepatocytes while ectopic expression of activation induced deaminase (AICDA), an A3 paralog, has been noted in a variety of chronic inflammatory syndromes including hepatitis C virus infection. Yet virtually all studies of HBV editing have confined themselves to analyses of virions from culture supernatants or serum where the frequency of edited genomes is generally low (< or = 10(-2)). We decided to look at the nature and frequency of HBV editing in cirrhotic samples taken during removal of a primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Forty-one cirrhotic tissue samples (10 alcoholic, 10 HBV(+), 11 HBV(+)HCV(+) and 10 HCV(+)) as well as 4 normal livers were studied. Compared to normal liver, 5/7 APOBEC3 genes were significantly up regulated in the order: HCV+/-HBV>HBV>alcoholic cirrhosis. A3C and A3D were up regulated for all groups while the interferon inducible A3G was over expressed in virus associated cirrhosis, as was AICDA in approximately 50% of these HBV/HCV samples. While AICDA can indeed edit HBV DNA ex vivo, A3G is the dominant deaminase in vivo with up to 35% of HBV genomes being edited. Despite these highly deleterious mutant spectra, a small fraction of genomes survive and contribute to loss of HBeAg antigenemia and possibly HBsAg immune escape. In conclusion, the cytokine storm associated with chronic inflammatory responses to HBV and HCV clearly up regulates a number of A3 genes with A3G clearly being a major restriction factor for HBV. Although the mutant spectrum resulting from A3 editing is highly deleterious, a very small part, notably the lightly edited genomes, might help the virus evolve and even escape immune responses.
Session details: High-performance platforms: advances in system-level exploration and optimization (2009)

No abstract available.
Performance of Smart Antenna Systems for Signal Detection and Estimation in Multipath Fading Environment (2006)

This paper investigates the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in Rayleigh fading environment using a uniform discrete scatterer model. DOA estimation based on the MUSIC algorithm is used in adaptive smart antenna systems to detect the location of mobile users in broadband 3G/4G wireless communication systems. The effect of Rayleigh channel encountered in urban environments is modeled using the uniform discrete scatterer model which is based on combining the rays received from each scatterer to form the multipath fading components. A MATLAB-based graphical user interface has also been developed and was used to study the effect of varying different channel parameters on the performance of the DOA estimation algorithm
Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in Peritoneal Effluent: Evaluation in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Basal Condition (2013)

In our analysis, basal levels of pNGAL were influenced by sNGAL and by dialytic clearance of creatinine.
Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity comparison between Tecnis and AcrySof SA60AT intraocular lenses: A multicenter randomized study (2005)

The aspheric Tecnis IOL yielded better BCVA and better distance contrast sensitivity than the conventional IOL. The differences were clinically significant for higher spatial frequencies. The results give some suggestions for further studies.
Evanohm Resistance to 18 T (180 kG) at 4.2 K (1970)

First Page
<title>Compensation of long-range process effects on photomasks by design data correction</title> (2003)

CD requirements for advanced photomasks are getting very demanding for the 100 nm-node and below; the ITRS roadmap requires CD uniformities below 10 nm for the most critical layers. To reach this goal, statistical as well as systematic CD contributions must be minimized. Here, we focus on the reduction of systematic CD variations across the masks that may be caused by process effects, e.g. dry etch loading.
Dietary cholesterol promotes steatohepatitis related hepatocellular carcinoma through dysregulated metabolism and calcium signaling (2018)

Abstract The underlining mechanisms of dietary cholesterol and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain undefined. Here we demonstrated that high-fat-non-cholesterol-fed mice developed simple steatosis, whilst high-fat-high-cholesterol-fed mice developed NASH. Moreover, dietary cholesterol induced larger and more numerous NASH-HCCs than non-cholesterol-induced steatosis-HCCs in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. NASH-HCCs displayed significantly more aberrant gene expression-enriched signaling pathways and more non-synonymous somatic mutations than steatosis-HCCs (335 ± 84/sample vs 43 ± 13/sample). Integrated genetic and expressional alterations in NASH-HCCs affected distinct genes pertinent to five pathways: calcium, insulin, cell adhesion, axon guidance and metabolism. Some of the novel aberrant gene expression, mutations and core oncogenic pathways identified in cholesterol-associated NASH-HCCs in mice were confirmed in human NASH-HCCs, which included metabolism-related genes ( ALDH18A1, CAD , CHKA , POLD4 , PSPH and SQLE ) and recurrently mutated genes ( RYR1 , MTOR , SDK1 , CACNA1H and RYR2) . These findings add insights into the link of cholesterol to NASH and NASH-HCC and provide potential therapeutic targets.
Intelligent Process Control Algorithm for Segment Blank Holder (2007)

A process control algorithm of blank holder force (BHF) distribution to realize intelligent sheet-stamping in irregular shape stamping is proposed. The development of the algorithm involves the generalization of evaluation functions for detecting the risks of fracture and wrinkling from material flow-in, and simplification by applying a simple BHF control model of a circular-cup deep-drawing process to each cell of the segment blank holder. The architecture of the control algorithm is described for a square-cup deep-drawing process, in which the present algorithm is realized as a fuzzy model for a segmented blank holder. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, virtual stamping simulation, in which the BHF distribution of a segment blank holder is controlled by the algorithm, is conducted. From the simulation results, it is found that an appropriate binder force distribution can be obtained. A result of ductile fracture damage estimation using Oyane's ductile fracture criteria shows that the control method can improve drawability as indicated by a previous experiment using a sheet-stamping simulator.
Vascular access devices in leukemia: a retrospective review amongst patients treated at The Ottawa Hospital with induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia (2011)

Patients with acute leukemia require reliable central vascular access to ensure delivery of intravenous therapy. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and Hickman(®) catheters are two commonly inserted central vascular catheters (CVCs), providing access to the central vascular space. While there have been reports describing individual center experiences, no one has compared the two devices, retrospectively or prospectively. We analyzed patients diagnosed with acute leukemia between September 1996 and April 2009, who had a PICC or Hickman®, received induction chemotherapy and survived at least 20 days. Prior to 1 January 2007, PICCs were inserted by palpation (PICC-palp) and Hickman(®) catheters were inserted surgically (H-Surg). After this date, PICCs were inserted by ultrasound (PICC-U/S) and Hickman(") catheters were inserted by interventional radiology (H-IR). Fifty-five patients had a Hickman(®) catheter (18 H-Surg, 37 H-IR) and 92 patients had a PICC (69 PICC-palp, 23 PICC-U/S). Significant improvements from H-Surg to H-IR catheters include the reduction in exit-site inflammation and infection (27.8% to 5.4%) and in bacteremic episodes (72.2% to 27.0%). Compared to PICC-U/S, H-IR had fewer cases of thrombophlebitis (0.0% vs. 8.7%); H-IR also required fewer instillations of a thrombolytic agent than the PICC-U/S (8.1% vs. 69.6%). Both CVCs have shown improvements from pre- to post-2007 insertion methods. Our data suggest that there were fewer complications with post-2007 Hickman(®) catheters compared to PICCs, suggesting that Hickman® catheters provide a more reliable central vascular access in these patients.
Engineering a Minimal Cloning Vector from a pUC18 Plasmid Backbone with an Extended Multiple Cloning Site (2018)

Minimal plasmids play an essential role in many intermediate steps in molecular biology. They can for example be used to assemble building blocks in synthetic biology or be used as intermediate cloning plasmids that are ideal for PCR-based mutagenesis methods. A small backbone also opens up for additional unique restriction enzyme cloning sites. Here we describe the generation of pICOz, a 1185 bp fully functional high-copy cloning plasmid with an extended multiple cloning site (MCS). To our knowledge, this is the smallest high-copy cloning vector ever described.
Thromboelastographic analysis of novel polyethylene glycol based low volume resuscitation solutions (2018)

In conclusion, PEG-20k based LVR solutions produced a dose-dependent minor hypocoagulative state, possibly associated with changes in clot propagation and platelet function, which can be reversed by dose reduction in concentration while providing superior LVR, microvascular rescue, and lactate clearance compared to saline or starch.