gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment of Black and Greywater Treatment Solutions for Remote and Sensitive Areas (2023)

Sensitive and remote areas have come under pressure from growing populations and tourism, often resulting in improper wastewater management. Efficiency, durability, the use of renewable construction materials, and the minimization of environmental impacts must be conformed to a sustainable paradigm. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to compare three different decentralized wastewater treatment systems built at tourist facilities: a source separation sanitation system with a hybrid constructed wetland (S1), a sequential batch reactor (SBR) with a hybrid constructed wetland (S2), and a solar-powered composting toilet (S3). Benchmarking showed that S1 was preferred over S2. The differences were up to a factor of two, except for eutrophication, which was significantly higher for S2 (10×). S3 had the lowest environmental impact, but S3 treated only the blackwater fraction, i.e., urine, faeces, and toilet paper, and excluded greywater treatment, i.e., handwashing and/or kitchen wastewater. The scenario analysis showed that the environmental performance could be improved by installing solar panels, but this would increase the impact on the abiotic depletion of elements by 83% for S2. The LCA indicated the advantages, disadvantages, flexibility, and potential for design improvements to meet the environmental sustainability and market demands for system diversity.
A 2-edge-connected spanning subgraph problem. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Low temperature MOCVD growth of V/VI materials via a Me/sub 3/SiNMe/sub 2/ elimination reaction (2002)

The reactive precursors M(NMe/sub 2/)/sub 3/ (M=Sb, Bi) and (Me/sub 1/Si)/sub 2/Te were used to deposit films of M/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ (M=Sb, Bi) on Si(111) cut 4/spl deg/ off-axis, GaAs(100), and Kapton substrates between 25/spl deg/C and 150/spl deg/C in a low pressure MOCVD reactor. The film growth process is a novel N,N-dimethylamino-trimethylsilane (Me/sub 3/SiNMe/sub 2/) elimination reaction and not pyrolysis reactions employed in conventional MOCVD techniques. X-ray diffraction data show the crystalline quality and orientation of the resulting polycrystalline films were dependent on the substrate structure and growth temperature. Amorphous films were deposited below 50/spl deg/C. Films deposited at 75/spl deg/C for Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ and 125/spl deg/C for Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ were highly oriented with the (015) reflection plane parallel to the substrate surface. Films of Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ deposited at 150/spl deg/C were highly oriented with the [00l] reflection planes parallel to the substrate surface. The electrical properties and composition of Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ films deposited at 125/spl deg/C on Kapton were independent of the V/VI precursor ratio used. Variation in the composition of a Sb/sub x/Bi/sub 2-x/Te/sub 3/ ternary film across the susceptor was observed due to differences in the reaction kinetics for formation of Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ and Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/. This unique deposition reaction provides an alternative route to prepare group V chalcogenide materials which have potential applications in solar cells, reversible optical storage, and thermoelectrics.
A Technical and Cognitive Skills Evaluation of Performance in Interventional Cardiology Procedures Using Medical Simulation (2010)

This study suggests that an evaluation approach using high-fidelity medical simulation to assess technical and cognitive skills of physicians performing interventional cardiology procedures can be used to identify physicians who are extremely poor performers and not likely to be providing appropriate patient care. We believe that use of a high-fidelity simulator incorporating situations with multiple events, immediate feedback, and high sensory load would complement the results of traditional written examinations of medical knowledge to provide a more comprehensive assessment of physician ability in interventional cardiology.
Exploiting sparsity to accelerate noncontrast MR angiography in the context of parallel imaging (2011)

Noncontrast techniques for peripheral MR angiography are receiving renewed interest because of safety concerns about the use of gadolinium in patients with renal insufficiency. One class of techniques involves subtraction of dark-blood images acquired during fast systolic flow from bright-blood images obtained during slow diastolic flow. The goal of this work was to determine whether the inherent sparsity of the difference images could be exploited to achieve greater acceleration without loss of image quality in the context of generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA). It is shown that noise amplification at high acceleration factors can be reduced by performing subtraction on the raw data, before calculation of the GRAPPA weights, rather than on the final magnitude images. Use of the difference data to calculate the GRAPPA weights decreases the geometry factor (g-factor), because the difference data represent a sparse image set. This demonstrates an inherent property of GRAPPA and does not require the use of compressed sensing. Application of this approach to highly accelerated data from healthy volunteers resulted in similar depiction of large arteries to that obtained with low acceleration and standard reconstruction. However, visualization of very small vessels and arterial branches was compromised.
Tryptase a Novel Biochemical Marker of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2002)

Despite maturation arrest, blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often capable of expressing lineage-restricted (granulomonocytic or myelomastocytic) differentiation antigens. Tryptases are lineage-associated serine proteases primarily expressed in mast cells, and less abundantly in blood basophils. We have recently shown that myeloblasts in a group of patients with AML (approximately 40%) produce significant amounts of tryptase(s). In these patients, serum tryptase levels are elevated (> 15 ng/ml) and reflect the total burden of leukemic cells. In most cases, myeloblasts express alpha-tryptase mRNA in excess over beta-tryptase mRNA, and secrete the respective protein (= pro-alpha-tryptase) in a constitutive manner. It was also found that these AML blasts frequentlyco-express tryptase with additional mast cell lineage- and/or basophil-related differentiation antigens including KIT (CD117), histamine, and 2D7. We hypothesize that tryptase-positive AMLs arise from a leukemic progenitor that exhibits a limited potential to differentiate into mast cells and/or basophils.
Targeted Delivery and Sustained Antitumor Activity of Triptolide through Glucose Conjugation (2016)

Triptolide, a key ingredient from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant thunder god vine, which has been used to treat inflammation and autoimmune diseases for centuries, has been shown to be an irreversible inhibitor of the XPB subunit of the transcription factor TFIIH and initiation of RNA polymerase II mediated transcription. The clinical development of triptolide over the past two decades has been limited by its toxicity and low water solubility. Herein, we report the development of a glucose conjugate of triptolide, named glutriptolide, which was intended to target tumor cells overexpressing glucose transporters selectively. Glutriptolide did not inhibit XPB activity in vitro but demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity against tumor cells over normal cells with greater water solubility than triptolide. Furthermore, it exhibited remarkable tumor control in vivo, which is likely due to sustained stepwise release of active triptolide within cancer cells. These findings indicate that glutriptolide may serve as a promising lead for developing a new mechanistic class of anticancer drugs.
Closed-cage clusters in the gaseous and condensed phases derived from sonochemically synthesized MoS2 nanoflakes (2007)

The Mo(13) clusters we previously reported were derived from MoS(2) flakes prepared from bulk MoS(2), although the nature of the precursor species was not fully understood. The existence of the clusters in the condensed phase was a question. Here we report the preparation of MoS(2) nanoflakes from elemental precursors using the sonochemical method and study the gas-phase clusters derived from them using mass spectrometry. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum of the precursor is comparable to nano MoS(2) derived from bulk MoS(2). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed the formation of nanoflakes of MoS(2) with 10- to 30-nm length and 3- to 5-nm thickness. Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) confirmed the formation of Mo(13) clusters from this nanomaterial. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) points to the existence of Mo(13) clusters in the condensed phase. The clusters appear to be stable because they do not fragment in the mass spectrometer even at the highest laser intensity. Computational analysis based on generalized Wannier orbitals is used to understand bonding and stability of the clusters. These clusters are highly stable with a rich variety in terms of centricity and multiplicity of Mo-Mo, S-Mo, and S-S bonds.
Intumescence as method for providing fire resistance to structural composites: application to poly(ethylene terephtalate) foam sandwich–structured composite (2013)

Intumescence is a method for providing fire resistance to composite materials. In this paper, the fire resistance of intumescent coatings protecting structural composites (polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam sandwich–structured composite) is evaluated at both the small and large scales according to the fire scenario described by the Steiner tunnel (ASTM E84). Results show acceptable correlations between the two scales and the approach developed at the small scale permits the fast screening of intumescent paints to predict their fire behavior at the large scale. It has been shown that intumescent paints protect efficiently the PET foam structured sandwich–structured composite used in the ceiling of railway station against fire.
Whole Brain 3D MR Fingerprinting in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Investigation (2021)

Abstract Background: MR fingerprinting (MRF) is a novel imaging method proposed for the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This study aims to determine if MR Fingerprinting (MRF) relaxometry can differentiate frontal normal appearing white matter (F-NAWM) and splenium in patients diagnosed with MS as compared to controls and to characterize the relaxometry of demyelinating plaques relative to the time of diagnosis. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) MRF data were acquired on a 3.0T MRI system resulting in isotropic voxels (1x1x1mm 3 ) and a total acquisition time of 4min 38s. Data were collected on 18 subjects paired with 18 controls. Regions of interested were drawn over MRF-derived T 1 relaxometry maps encompassing selected MS lesions, F-NAWM and splenium. T 1 and T 2 relaxometry features from those segmented areas were used to classify MS lesions from F-NAWM and splenium with T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding algorithms (T-SNE). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to discriminate NAWM and Splenium in MS compared with controls. Results: Mean out-of-fold machine learning prediction accuracy for discriminant results between MS patients and controls for F-NAWM was 65% and approached 90% for the splenium. There was significant positive correlation between time since diagnosis and MS lesions mean T2 (p=0.015), minimum T1 (p=0.03) and negative correlation with splenium uniformity (p=0.04). Perfect discrimination (AUC=1) was achieved between selected features from MS lesions and F-NAWM. Conclusions: 3D-MRF has the ability to differentiate between MS and controls based on relaxometry properties from the F-NAWM and splenium. Whole brain coverage allows the assessment of quantitative properties within lesions that provide chronological assessment of the time from MS diagnosis.
STI-Bounded Single-Photon Avalanche Diode in a Deep-Submicrometer CMOS Technology (2006)

This letter presents a novel and compact CMOS Geiger-mode single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) device with an efficient guard ring structure for preventing edge breakdown. The new guard ring can withstand considerably higher electric fields than existing structures, and results in pixels which are an order of magnitude smaller and offer a nine-fold increase in fill factor compared with existing SPADs. The device has been studied numerically and experimentally on a 0.18-mum CMOS technology. Due to its small area, the detector can be operated with minimal power dissipation and has been verified to operate reliably over 5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cycles. This is the first SPAD proven in a deep-submicrometer non-high-voltage technology and as such, provides unique opportunities for improved performance and for on-chip integration of the ultrafast timing circuitry required to translate the SPAD output into meaningful data
Remote and On-Board Instrumentation for Automotive Emissions Monitoring (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;New instruments are quantitatively measuring vehicle emissions under real-world conditions. Hughes has fielded a cost-effective, real-time remote emissions sensor (RES) employing infrared technology to determine emission levels of CO, HC, and NO. Separate processors within the RES capture license plate and speed/acceleration data within the same 0.8 - second window as emissions data. Field tests have shown excellent correlation between high emitters identified by the RES and by IM240 measurements. Similar technology is being employed on miniaturized high-temperature units for vehicular on-board emissions monitoring. An on-vehicle prototype will be demonstrated this year.&lt;/div&gt;
Monitoring of amino acids and antibody N-glycosylation in high cell density perfusion culture based on Raman spectroscopy (2022)

Raman spectrum based predictive models provide a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring and control of culture parameters in bioprocesses. Steady-state perfusion cultures generate a relatively stable metabolite profile, which is not conducive to modeling due to the absence of variations of culture parameters. Here we present an approach where different steady-states obtained by variation of the cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR) between 10 and 40 pL/(cell * day) with cell densities up to 100 × 106 cells/mL during the process development provided a dynamic culture environment, favorable for the model calibration. The cell density had no effect on the culture performance at similar CSPR, however a variation in the CSPR had a strong influence on the metabolism, mAb productivity and N-glycosylation. Predictive models were developed for multiple culture parameters, including cell density, lactate, ammonium and amino acids; and then validated with new runs performed at multiple or single steady-states, showing high prediction accuracy. The relationship of amino acids and antibody N-glycosylation was modeled to predict the glycosylation pattern of the product in real time. The present efficient process development approach with integration of Raman spectroscopy provides a valuable PAT tool for later implementation in steady-state perfusion production processes.
The Way We See It (2012)

<strong>9.1 You See What in that Image?</strong> Once a digital picture has been formed and processed, it's still only a bunch of numbers until we have a computer that displays it for us to see. But, as Hamlet would say, there's the rub. What we see is actually a collection of lit-up dots on the display, but our brain processes these dots to form the image in our head. One person can look at the displayed image and say, "What a cute puppy!" Another person can look at that same collection of lit-up dots and say, "Are you sure that's not a cat?" Thus begins our journey into the interpretation of images.
IBX‐Mediated Oxidation of Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes to Form Carboxylic Acids. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Robust Sulfonate-Based Metal–Organic Framework with Permanent Porosity for Efficient CO2 Capture and Conversion (2016)

We report a rare example of a sulfonate-based metal–organic framework (MOF) possessing a prototypical primitive-cubic topology, constructed with Jahn–Teller distorted Cu(II) centers and a mixed-linker (organosulfonate and N-donor) system. The inherent highly polar, permanent porosity contributes to the highest reported CO2 sorption properties to date among organosulfonate-based MOFs, outperforming the benchmark carboxylate MOF counterpart. Importantly, density functional theory calculations confirm that the CO2–sulfonate interaction plays an important role in CO2 capture. Indeed, the hydrothermal product demonstrates high robustness over a wide pH range as well as aqueous boiling conditions, overcoming the moisture sensitivity of conventional Cu2 paddlewheel-based MOFs. In addition, bulk synthesis of this material has been successfully achieved on a gram scale (>1 g) in a single batch with a high yield. Combining the high CO2 affinity and a robust nature, this sulfonate porous material is also an efficient, recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 fixation to form cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions.
Feedback control of paralleled symmetric systems, with applications to nonlinear dynamics of paralleled power converters (2003)

This paper addresses the dynamic analysis of a class of paralleled symmetric systems having nonlinear subsystem coupling and external feedback. A transformation is introduced that allows the stability of the full system to be assessed through examination of only two low-order subsystems. The paper also considers the use of the new results for the analysis of paralleled power converter systems with active current sharing. It is shown that the analysis of paralleled converter systems can be simplified by this approach even when challenging nonlinearities appear in the current-sharing control loops.
Adding sequence context to a Markov background model improves the identification of regulatory elements (2006)

Our C++ program is available at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/spouge/papers/archive/AGLAM/2006-07-19
Does Chronic Use of High Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase Risk for Pancreatic Cancer? (2022)

This investigation revealed in both murine models and human subjects, PPI use is correlated with a risk for development of pancreatic cancer.
SU-F-BRA-03: Spatial Correlation of 4DCT Ventilation and SPECT Pulmonary Perfusion Defects in Patients with Malignant Airway Stenosis (2011)

Purpose: To determine the spatial correlation between four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) ventilation and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion hypo-functioning pulmonary defect regions in patients with malignant airway stenosis. Methods: Treatment planning 4DCT images were obtained retrospectively for 8 lung cancer patients with radiographically demonstrated airway obstruction due to gross tumor volume. Each patient also received a SPECT perfusion study within one week of the planning 4DCT, and prior to the initiation of treatment. Deformable image registration was used to map corresponding lung tissue elements between the extreme component phases, from which quantitative images representing the pulmonary specific ventilation were constructed. Semi-automated segmentation of the percentile perfusion distribution was performed to identify regional defects distal to the known obstructing lesion. Semi-automated segmentation was similarly performed by 3 independent observers to delineate corresponding defect regions depicted on 4DCT ventilation. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was determined for each observer between SPECT and ventilation hypo-functioning regions to assess spatial correlation. Results: Tidal volumes determined from 4DCT ventilation were evaluated versus measurements obtained from lung parenchyma segmentation. Linear regression resulted in linear fit with slope = 1.01, and r2 = 0.99. Average DSC among all observers ranged from 0.67-0.99, with coefficient of variation for any single case < 10% (range: 0.5–9%). Linear correlation was further assessed between average DSC values and corresponding percent volume of the perfusion defect relative to the affected lung, with rho = 0.59 (p = 0.1627) indicating correlation not significantly different from zero. Conclusions: This study is the first to quantitatively assess three-dimensional spatial correlation between clinically acquired SPECT perfusion and specific ventilation from 4DCT. Results suggest high correlation between methods within the sub-population of lung cancer patients with malignant airway stenosis. Efforts are currently underway to increase the patient sample size included in this ongoing work.
Novel Inhibitory Effect of N-(2-Hydroxycyclohexyl)valiolamine on Melanin Production in a Human Skin Model (2014)

Hyper-pigmentation causes skin darkness and medical disorders, such as post-inflammatory melanoderma and melasma. Therefore, the development of anti-melanogenic agents is important for treating these conditions and for cosmetic production. In our previous paper, we demonstrated that the anti-diabetic drug voglibose, a valiolamine derivative, is a potent anti-melanogenic agent. In addition, we proposed an alternative screening strategy to identify valiolamine derivatives with high skin permeability that act as anti-melanogenic agents when applied topically. In this study, we synthesized several valiolamine derivatives with enhanced lipophilicity and examined their inhibitory effects in a human skin model. N-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)valiolamine (HV) possesses a stronger inhibitory effect on melanin production than voglibose in a human skin model, suggesting that HV is a more potent anti-melanogenic agent for the skin.
Inhibition of Condensation Frosting by Arrays of Hygroscopic Antifreeze Drops (2015)

The formation of frost and ice can have negative impacts on travel and a variety of industrial processes and is typically addressed by dispensing antifreeze substances such as salts and glycols. Despite the popularity of this anti-icing approach, some of the intricate underlying physical mechanisms are just being unraveled. For example, recent studies have shown that in addition to suppressing ice formation within its own volume, an individual salt saturated water microdroplet forms a region of inhibited condensation and condensation frosting (RIC) in its surrounding area. This occurs because salt saturated water, like most antifreeze substances, is hygroscopic and has water vapor pressure at its surface lower than water saturation pressure at the substrate. Here, we demonstrate that for macroscopic drops of propylene glycol and salt saturated water, the absolute RIC size can remain essentially unchanged for several hours. Utilizing this observation, we demonstrate that frost formation can be completely inhibited in-between microscopic and macroscopic arrays of propylene glycol and salt saturated water drops with spacing (S) smaller than twice the radius of the RIC (δ). Furthermore, by characterizing condensation frosting dynamics around various hygroscopic drop arrays, we demonstrate that they can delay complete frosting over of the samples 1.6 to 10 times longer than films of the liquids with equivalent volume. The significant delay in onset of ice nucleation achieved by dispensing propylene glycol in drops rather than in films is likely due to uniform dilution of the drops driven by thermocapillary flow. This transport mode is absent in the films, leading to faster dilution, and with that facilitated homogeneous nucleation, near the liquid-air interface.