gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human arm kinematics and dynamics during daily activities - toward a 7 DOF upper limb powered exoskeleton (2006)

Integrating human and robot into a single system offers remarkable opportunities for creating a new generation of assistive technology. Having obvious applications in rehabilitation medicine and virtual reality simulation, such a device would benefit both the healthy and disabled population. The aim of the research is to study the kinematics and the dynamics of the human arm during daily activities in a free and unconstrained environment as part of an on-going research involved in the design of a 7 degree of freedom (DOF) powered exoskeleton for the upper limb. The kinematics of the upper limb was acquired with a motion capture system while performing a wide verity of daily activities. Utilizing a model of the human as a 7 DOF system, the equations of motion were used to calculate joint torques given the arm kinematics. During positioning tasks, higher angular velocities were observed in the gross manipulation joints (the shoulder and elbow) as compared to the fine manipulation joints (the wrist). An inverted phenomenon was observed during fine manipulation in which the angular velocities of the wrist joint exceeded the angular velocities of the shoulder and elbow joints. Analyzing the contribution of individual terms of the arm's equations of motion indicate that the gravitational term is the most dominant term in these equations. The magnitudes of this term across the joints and the various actions is higher than the inertial, centrifugal, and Coriolis terms combined. Variation in object grasping (e.g. power grasp of a spoon) alters the overall arm kinematics in which other joints, such as the shoulder joint, compensate for lost dexterity of the wrist. The collected database along with the kinematics and dynamic analysis may provide the fundamental understanding for designing powered exoskeleton for the human arm
Challenges and Progress in Low Defectivity for advanced ArF Lithography Processes using Surface Localized Material Technology (2017)

The main challenge in ArF lithography is to reduce cost of ownership (CoO) because increase in multi-patterning process is generally required to obtain a fine pattern. As a consequence, industry strongly requires ArF lithography process with a fast scan speed scanner and low defectivity material for CoO. The breakthrough technology to improve defectivity and resolution simultaneously was the polarity-change property of film surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after alkaline development process because a property after development process should be only associated with defectivity, not with fast scan speed. The materials with high polarity change function were explored to EUV process to achieve low defectivity with good lithography performances.
Plasmonically enhanced second harmonic generation in TaAs Weyl semimetal (Conference Presentation) (2022)

In this work, we study the enhanced nonlinear light-matter interaction in hybrid Weyl-semimetal-plasmonic structure by depositing silver nanocubes on a TaAs surface with a silicon nitride spacer thus leveraging the unique ability of plasmonics to squeeze electromagnetic field within a small volume far below the diffraction limit. Pumping the fabricated hybrid structure utilizing a 800-nm fundamental wavelength pulse at 100 fs we achieve second harmonic generation (SHG) at 400 nm with a 300 percent enhancement of SHG signal while the estimated actual plasmonic SHG enhancement is 90-fold.
Caspofungin Inhibits Rhizopus oryzae 1,3-β- d -Glucan Synthase, Lowers Burden in Brain Measured by Quantitative PCR, and Improves Survival at a Low but Not a High Dose during Murine Disseminated Zygomycosis (2005)

Rhizopus oryzae is the most common cause of zygomycosis, a life-threatening infection that usually occurs in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Despite standard therapy, the overall rate of mortality from zygomycosis remains >50%, and new strategies for treatment are urgently needed. The activities of caspofungin acetate (CAS) and other echinocandins (antifungal inhibitors of the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase [GS]) against the agents of zygomycosis have remained relatively unexplored, especially in animal models of infection. We found that R. oryzae has both an FKS gene, which in other fungi encodes a subunit of the GS synthesis complex, and CAS-susceptible, membrane-associated GS activity. Low-dose but not high-dose CAS improved the survival of mice with diabetic ketoacidosis infected with a small inoculum but not a large inoculum of R. oryzae. Fungal burden, assessed by a novel quantitative PCR assay, correlated with increasing inocula and progression of disease, particularly later in the infection, when CFU counts did not. CAS decreased the brain burden of R. oryzae when it was given prophylactically but not when therapy was started after infection. These results indicate that CAS has significant but limited activity against R. oryzae in vivo and demonstrates an inverse dose-response effect. The potential for CAS to play a role in combination therapy against zygomycosis merits further investigation.
Serum-tryptase at diagnosis: a novel biomarker improving prognostication in Ph(+) CML. (2015)

Basophilia is an established prognostic variable in Ph-chromosome+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, in CML, basophils are often immature and thus escape microscopic quantification. We have previously shown that tryptase is produced and secreted by immature CML basophils. In the current study, serum samples of 79 CML patients (chronic phase=CP, n=69; accelerated/blast phase=AP/BP, n=10) treated with BCR/ABL inhibitors, were analyzed for their tryptase content. Serum-tryptase levels at diagnosis were found to correlate with basophil counts and were higher in AP/BP patients (median tryptase: 29.9 ng/mL) compared to patients with CP (11.7 ng/mL; p<0.05). In 20/69 patients with CP, progression occurred. The progression-rate was higher in patients with tryptase >15 ng/mL (31%) compared to those with normal tryptase levels (9%, p<0.05). To validate tryptase as new prognostic variable, we replaced basophils by tryptase levels in the EUTOS score. This modified EUTOS-T score was found to predict progression-free and event-free survival significantly better, with p values of 0.000064 and 0.00369, respectively, compared to the original EUTOS score (progression-free survival: p=0.019; event-free survival: p=0.156). In conclusion, our data show that the serum-tryptase level at diagnosis is a powerful prognostic biomarker in CML. Inclusion of tryptase in prognostic CML scores may improve their predictive value.
A Multistage Stimulation Operation to Unlock the Gas Potential of the Turonian Siltstone Formation in Western Siberia (2015)

Abstract One of the strategic targets in Yamal autonomous district, the Turonian siltstone formation, lies above the Cenomanian formation and is separated by a massive argillite barrier. Successful stimulation experience in vertical wells in the North-Kharampurskoe field during 2008 to 2010 encouraged the operator planning the next step of field exploration to consider horizontal well completions using multistage stimulation. The paper will describe pilot campaign in details. The Yamal Turonian formation was formed in a coastal marine environment with slow deposition rates and is composed primarily of siltstone. The major challenges of the Turonian formation are low permeability (∼0.5 md) and extremely high clay content—chlorite, kaolinite, illite, and mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite. The low temperature of the Turonian formation (below 80°F) also presents a significant challenge for gas production. An operator must produce at minimum drawdown to avoid hydrates creation. The shallow reservoir depth (∼ 3,000 ft) restricts recovering potential energy stored inside of the formation (initial reservoir pressure of about 1600 psi); therefore, hydraulic fracturing is a must for economic development of the Turonian formation. Selecting the correct fracturing fluid required extensive laboratory tests for compatibility and rheology adjustments. Thorough optimization of the fracturing fluid with clay stabilizer was applied during the course of this project. Additional challenges included proppant flowback tendency and inefficiency of conventional methods (resin-coated proppant) at such low temperatures. The project began by stimulating a vertical well that was used as a reference for the fracture horizontal well that was stimulated in three stages. Coring and a full logging suite were performed on the reference well, including acoustic measurements, post-frac, to obtain fracture height growth. It was shown that fracture is vertical at such depth and that it covers the whole interval without vertical growth into argillaceous barriers. Bottom hole gauges were used to complete the precise mechanical modeling of the stimulated reference well. Evaluation of the mechanical and properties were completed using E&amp;P software platform-based simulator to optimize the multistage fracturing design in the horizontal well. This paper includes a detailed sequence of the operations performed and explains conclusions made concerning fracture geometry. The lessons learned during the assessment campaign are described. This stimulation project performed in the North-Kharampurskoe field is fundamental in development of the field and serves as important step toward unlocking the gas potential of other Turonian siltstones.
Phase Transitions, Melting Dynamics, and Solid-State Diffusion in a Nano Test Tube (2009)

Confined nanoscale geometry greatly influences physical transformations in materials. The electron microscope enables direct visualization of these changes. We examined the evolution of a germanium (Ge) nanowire attached to a gold (Au) nanocrystal as it was heated to 900 degrees C. The application of a carbon shell prevented changes in volume and interfacial area during the heating cycle. Au/Ge eutectic formation was visualized, occurring 15 degrees C below the bulk eutectic temperature. Capillary pressure pushed the melt into the cylindrical neck of the nanowire, and Ge crystallized in the spherical tip of the carbon shell. Solid-state diffusion down the length of the confined Ge nanowire was observed at temperatures above 700 degrees C; Au diffusion was several orders of magnitude slower than in a bulk Ge crystal.
pH‐sensitive liposome retaining Fe‐porphyrin as SOD mimic for novel anticancer drug delivery system (2006)

Abstract In this article the novel design of an anticancer drug delivery system is reported based on a pH‐sensitive liposome retaining the Fe‐porphyrin as a superoxide dismutase(SOD) mimic. The liposomes contained cationic/anionic lipid combinations and were composed of Fe‐porphyrin, L ‐ α ‐phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimethylditetradecylammonium bromide (DTDAB), sodispdum oleate (OA Na ), and Tween‐80. The size of the liposome was approximately 30 nm. The EC 50 value (the effective concentration of compound required to produce a 50% lethal dose against cells) of the liposome was found to be significantly smaller than that of cisplatin as the control drug, suggesting that the liposome showed a high cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells. This is due to the fact that the pH‐sensitive liposome rapidly corresponds to the acidic environments of the endosomes and is unstable, and the Fe‐porphyrin is delivered into the cytosol. This result suggests that O may be useful as a target molecule to induce the selective death of cancer cells and that a pH‐sensitive liposome retaining Fe‐porphyrin as an SOD mimic is a new class of anticancer agent. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
More: A Mobile Open Rich Media Environment (2006)

'Rich media' is a term that implies the integration of all of the advances we have made in the mobile space delivering music, speech, text, graphics and video. This is true, but it is more than the sum of its parts. Rich media is the ability to deliver these modalities, to interact with these modalities, and to do it in a way that allows for the construction, delivery and use of compelling mobile services in an effective and economic manner. In this paper, we introduce a system called mobile open rich-media environment ('MORE') that helps realize such mobile rich media services, combining various technologies of W3C, OMA, 3GPP and IETF standards. The different components of the system include formatting, packaging, transporting, rendering and interacting with rich media files and streams
Fabrication and properties of epitaxial ferroelectric heterostructures with (SrRuO3) isotropic metallic oxide electrodes (1993)

Epitaxial ferroelectric SrRuO3/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/SrRuO3 heterostructures have been fabricated employing isotropic metallic oxide electrodes on (100) SrTiO3 and (100) Si with an yttria stabilized zirconia buffer layer. The structures have been grown in situ by 90° off-axis sputtering, which allows the growth of uniform stoichiometric films over large areas with excellent step coverage. X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveal high crystalline quality and coherent interfaces. They exhibit superior fatigue characteristics over those made with metal electrodes, showing little degradation over 1010 cycles, with a large remnant polarization.
Antibacterial, anti-diarrheal activity of Daniellia oliveri and Ficus sycomorus and their constituents (2007)

In our continuing search for bioactive compounds from Nigerian medicinal plants, the leaves of Daniellia oliveri Hutch and Dalz, and Ficus sycomorus L. were investigated. Both plants are used in traditional medicine of Northern Nigeria to treat diarrhea, skin infection, inflammation, wounds and diabetes [1, 2]. The ethanol and n-butanol extracts of leaves of both plants were screened for antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion technique [3]).The n-butanol extracts of both plants inhibited the growth of standard bacteria and fungal species which include S.aureus, E.coli, Ps.aeruginosa, B.subtilis T.rubrum and C.albicans. The zones of inhibition for D. oliveri were: S.aureus 20.0mm, E.coli 21.0mm, Ps.aeruginosa 15.5mm, T.rubrum 10.5mm while both C.albicans and B.subtilis showed no activity. Zones of inhibition for F. sycomorus were: S.aureus 26.00mm, E.coli 25.5mm, Ps. aeruginosa 25.0mm, B.subtilis 27.5mm and C.albicans 16.5mm. Both extracts exhibited significant antidiarrheal activity using castor oil induced diarrhea in mice [4]. The LD50 of both extracts were found to be >5000mg/kg for Daniellia and 1161.4mg/kg for Ficus sycomorus. Fractionation of the n-butanol extract of D. oliveri over silica gel G and Sephadex LH-20 gave flavonoids identified as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercitrin, quercimeritrin and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with data reported in the literature [5, 6], while the dichloromethane soluble part of the ethanol leaf extract of F. sycomorus gave lupenone, lupenol, β-amyrin and stigmasterol, their structures were elucidated by comparison of their NMR spectra with that reported in the literature.
All-optical clock recovery and dynamics using mode-locked semiconductor lasers (2002)

Summary form only given. Ultrafast timing and clocking control is of critical importance in high-speed optical time-domain multiplexed (OTDM) networks. Key figures of merit for all-optical clock recovery are: 1) a low injection power; 2) an immunity to long bit patterns containing primarily logical zeros; 3) insensitivity to detuning between the clock rate and data rate; and 4) capability for data rate conversion. In this paper, we present results on the dynamics of all-optical clock recovery using passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers. Clock recovery with 3 microwatts injection power, a fractional locking bandwidth of 3/spl times/10/sup -3/, immunity to bit patterns of 2/sup 50/-1, and a 3:1 data to clock rate conversion is achieved. These results show the potential of passively mode-locked diode lasers as clock recovery oscillators for ultrahigh-speed OTDM networks.
Characteristics of Superlattice LED with a Si>inf<0.8>/inf<Ge>inf<0.2>/inf<or Si Capped Layer at Room Temperature (2006)

The comparison between the Si and Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> capping layers shows that the conduction band offset of Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> and Si can form a barrier for electrons, and that it can increase the quantity of carriers on conduction band. From the results of these experiments, the characteristics of carrier blockers formed by hetero structure can be applied in IV-IV optoelectronics devices to achieve higher optical power
Recent advances in the development of anti-infective peptoids (2020)

In the search for new sources of antimicrobials many researchers have investigated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as templates for the design of innovative therapeutics. However, efforts to develop AMPs in this area has been severely hampered by their inherent susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Given this only a handful of AMPs are currently in clinical trials. Peptide mimetics such as peptoids have emerged as highly promising alternatives to AMPs as they are inherently stable to enzymatic degradation and display potent antimicrobial properties. This feature article highlights the progress that has been made towards the development of novel anti-infective peptoids.
A Phase 1 Study of a Vaccine Targeting Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma and Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (2011)

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are tumor-associated antigens implicated in cellular differentiation, genetic stability, and angiogenesis. MKC1106-PP is an immunotherapeutic regimen cotargeting PRAME and PSMA, comprised of a recombinant plasmid (pPRA-PSM encoding fragments derived from both antigens) and 2 peptides (E-PRA and E-PSM derived from PRAME and PSMA, respectively). This multicenter study evaluated MKC1106-PP with a fixed plasmid dose and 2 different peptide doses, administered by intralymph node injection in a prime-boost sequence in human leukocyte antigen-A*0201 and tumor-antigen-positive patients with progressing metastatic solid tumors who had failed standard therapy. Immune monitoring was done by tetramer and enzymatic-linked immune spot analysis. The treatment was well tolerated, with no significant differences in safety, immune response, and clinical outcome relative to peptide doses. Fifteen of 24 evaluable patients showed an immune response, as defined by the expansion of PRAME-specific or PSMA-specific T cells in the blood. There were no partial or complete responses by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Seven patients showed stable disease (SD) for 6 months or longer, or prostate specific antigen decline: 4 of 10 with prostate carcinoma, 2 of 2 with renal clear cell carcinoma, and 1 of 10 with metastatic melanoma. In addition, there was an association between the induction and persistence of antigen-specific T cells in blood above baseline levels and disease control, defined as SD for 6 months or longer. These results support further development of MKC1106-PP in specific clinical indications.
PSXI-27 Chemical Composition and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Legumes Using Canine Fecal Inoculum (2020)

Abstract Legumes are a popular grain-free alternative carbohydrate source in canine diets; however, information on fermentative characteristics of select legumes have not been established. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to quantify the chemical compositions and fermentative profile of select legumes using canine fecal inoculum. Five legume varieties, whole yellow peas (WYP), green lentils (GL), black bean grits, navy bean powder, and garbanzo beans, were analyzed and compared to a control, beet pulp (BP). Substrates were analyzed for gross energy (GE), dry and organic matter, crude protein (CP), acid hydrolyzed fat, and total dietary fiber fractions, beta-glucans, starch, free and hydrolyzed sugars, and fermentative characteristics: pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), total gas, hydrogen, and methane. Substrates underwent a two-stage in vitro digestion and subsequent fermentation using canine fecal inoculum for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. All test substrates contained approximately 8–9% moisture and 4.5 kcal/g GE. Crude protein concentrations of pulses ranged from 21–27%. Insoluble fiber values varied from 17–33%, with soluble fiber values ranging from 0–8%. Total starch content was greatest for GL (58%) and WYP (56%). Sucrose and stachyose were the most predominant free sugars and glucose was the most predominant hydrolyzed sugar among test substrates. Production of SCFA did not differ among substrates after 3 or 6 h of fermentation. BP and WYP had the greatest acetate (1,656 and 1,765 umol/g, respectively) and propionate production values (157.7 and 126.1 umol/g, respectively) after 9 h of in vitro fermentation. Pulses are good sources of dietary protein; however, they are also fiber-rich ingredients that appear to be slowly fermentable in vitro, which may have beneficial implications on the ratios of saccharolytic to proteolytic fermentation towards the distal colon in vivo.
A Decentralized Adaptive Scheme for Protection Coordination of Microgrids Based on Team Working of Agents (2018)

A decentralized adaptive scheme is proposed for protection coordination of microgrids. In the proposed scheme, a set of agents around the fault location negotiate with each other to reach the best protection coordination strategy upon the occurrence of a fault. Adopting a protective layer, agents are arranged in a number of groups where the members in each group can interact with each other. Considering the operational uncertainties of the respective circuit breakers and communication links, the best fault clearance strategy is determined by analyzing the probability of correct operation of all proposed strategies and considering the least number of probable outages. This is done by calculating the fault currents flowing through the respective circuit breakers and the Latency of the communication links. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results of a sample network with those obtained using the conventional central adaptive protection approach.