gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURAL EVIDENCE THAT APOPTOSIS IS THE MECHANISM BY WHICH HUMAN AMYLIN EVOKES DEATH IN RINm5F PANCREATIC ISLET β‐CELLS (2001)

A view is emerging that human amylin (HA) kills pancreatic islet beta-cells by apoptosis. This study strengthens this view by documenting time-dependent morphological and ultrastructural changes in 10 microm HA-treated cultured RINm5F islet beta-cells. Membrane blebbing and microvilli loss were the earliest detectable apoptosis-related phenomena, already evident 1 h after HA exposure. Following 6-12 h of HA-treatment, chromatin margination became evident, consistent with detecting DNA laddering about the same time. Nuclear shrinkage, nuclear membrane convolution and prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization were clearly recognized at 22 h post-treatment. Together, these cellular changes constitute a strong case for HA-induced apoptosis, and further demonstrates that electron microscopy is a more sensitive tool for early apoptosis detection in cultured cells than classical biochemical assays like visualizing DNA laddering. The ultrastructural changes reported here contribute further evidence to be included in the ongoing dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying HA-induced apoptosis, as may occur in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Electron Tomographic Analysis of the Assembly of cis-Golgi cisternae and of Cell Plates (2005)

Cis-Golgi cisternae and plant cell plates are two membrane compartments that are created de novo from vesicles derived from other organelles of the secretory pathway. In particular, cis-Golgi cisternae are produced from COPII vesicles that bud from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export sites, and the cell plates of dividing plant cells are assembled from vesicles derived from the trans Golgi Network (TGN). To characterize the membrane assembly intermediates involved in these processes, we have high pressure frozen and freeze-substituted plant and algal cells, and determined their 3D architecture with a resolution of ~7 nm by means of dual-axis electron tomography.
Quickest detection of drug-resistant seizures: An optimal control approach (2011)

Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide, and seizures in 30% of the cases remain drug resistant. This has increased interest in responsive neurostimulation, which is most effective when administered during seizure onset. We propose a novel framework for seizure onset detection that involves (i) constructing statistics from multichannel intracranial EEG (iEEG) to distinguish nonictal versus ictal states; (ii) modeling the dynamics of these statistics in each state and the state transitions; you can remove this word if there is no room. (iii) developing an optimal control-based "quickest detection" (QD) strategy to estimate the transition times from nonictal to ictal states from sequential iEEG measurements. The QD strategy minimizes a cost function of detection delay and false positive probability. The solution is a threshold that non-monotonically decreases over time and avoids responding to rare events that normally trigger false positives. We applied QD to four drug resistant epileptic patients (168 hour continuous recordings, 26-44 electrodes, 33 seizures) and achieved 100% sensitivity with low false positive rates (0.16 false positive/hour). This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated Seizure Detection and Prediction.
Membrane attack complex of complement and neutrophils mediate the injury of acid aspiration (1999)

A significant role for the alternative complement pathway in acid aspiration has been demonstrated by the observation that C3 genetic knockout mice are protected from injury. Utilizing C5-deficient mice, we now test the role of the terminal complement components in mediating injury. Lung permeability in C5-deficient mice was 64% less than in wild-type animals and was similar to wild-type mice treated with soluble complement receptor type 1, which gave a 67% protection. Injury was fully restored in C5-deficient mice reconstituted with wild-type serum. The role of neutrophils was established in immunodepleted wild-type animals that showed a 58% protection. Injury was further reduced (90%) with the addition of soluble complement receptor type 1, indicating an additive effect of neutrophils and complement. Similarly, an additional protection was noted in C5-deficient neutropenic mice, indicating that neutrophil-mediated injury does not require C5a. Thus acid aspiration injury is mediated by the membrane attack complex and neutrophils. Neutrophil activity is independent of C5a.
Consumer image retrieval by estimating relation tree from family photo collections (2010)

In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically estimate relationship among people in a family image collection based on results from face analyses technologies including automated face recognition and clustering, demographic assessment, and face similarity measurement, as well as contextual information such as people co-appearance, people's relative positions in photos and image timestamps. As the result, a relation tree can be estimated which provides important semantic information regarding people involved in a photo collection and has numerous applications in photo sharing and browsing, social networking, etc. The methods for deriving and integrating information from photos and the process for estimating a relation tree are described. Experimental results on two typical consumer photo collections and examples of using these results in consumer image retrieval are presented.
Photopolymer Characterization and Grating Playback at Telecommunication Wavelengths (2002)

The viability of holographic photopolymers for use at telecommunication wave- lengths is studied. Parameters including absorption and transmission are determined, and the formation of large period gratings designed for high efficiency and infrared playback is discussed.
Obtaining Binaural Room Impulse Responses From B-Format Impulse Responses Using Frequency-Dependent Coherence Matching (2010)

Measuring binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) for different rooms and different persons is a costly and time-consuming task. In this paper, we propose a method that allows to compute BRIRs from a B-format room impulse response (B-format RIR) and a set of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). This enables to measure the room-related properties and head-related properties of BRIRs separately, reducing the amount of measurements necessary for obtaining BRIRs for different rooms and different persons to one B-format RIR measurement per room and one HRTF set per person. The BRIRs are modeled by applying an HRTF to the direct sound part of the B-format RIR and using a linear combination of the reflections part of the B-format RIR. The linear combination is determined such that the spectral and frequency-dependent interaural coherence cues match those of corresponding directly measured BRIRs. A subjective test indicates that the computed BRIRs are perceptually very similar to corresponding directly measured BRIRs.
Tramadol and its enantiomers differentially suppress c‐fos‐like immunoreactivity in rat brain and spinal cord following acute noxious stimulus (1998)

Tramadol hydrochloride, (1RS,2RS)-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanol hydrochloride, is an orally-active, centrally-acting analgesic with a putative dual mechanism of action, including an opioid and non-opioid component. The analgesic properties of tramadol and the possible co-existence of dual mechanisms has been postulated to be due to complementary and interactive pharmacologies of its enantiomers. We examined the ability of tramadol, its enantiomers, and morphine as reference to suppress c-fos-like immunoreactivity (c-fos-ir) in rat spinal cord and brain regions following a noxious stimulus (i.p. administration of 3.5% acetic acid). c-fos-ir was measured by immunocytochemistry and the stained cells in each region were counted 2 h after the acetic-acid injection (2:25 h after tramadol or morphine). Equi-analgesic doses of s.c. morphine (10 mg/kg) or tramadol (30 mg/kg) significantly suppressed c-fos-ir in all areas examined, except dorsal central gray of the spinal cord. The enantiomers of tramadol had distinctive patterns of suppression, neither one suppressed c-fos-ir in all of the regions, and hence neither one alone accounted for the suppression produced by the racemate. These findings support differential and complementary effects of tramadol enantiomers in sub-populations of spinal and supraspinal nociceptive neurons, consistent with the proposed antinociceptive interaction between the enantiomers.
New Photovoltaic Concept: Liquid‐Crystal Solar Cells Using a Nematic Gel Template (2006)

A photopolymerized nematic liquid-crystal gel, which is visible-light absorbing and electron-donating, is used to template a nanoporous surface. This forms a distributed interface to an overlying electron acceptor in the device. An electron-blocking layer lies between the gel and bottom electrode (see figure). An open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V and a power conversion efficiency of 0.6% are obtained for a monochromatic irradiance of 45 mW cm–2.
Design, synthesis, and static charge tuning of organic semiconductors for sensing applications (2013)

Organic and polymeric semiconductors are among the alternatives to silicon being considered for sensing devices and circuitry. Their synthesis is now well established, and some performance metrics such as charge carrier mobility and optoelectronic quantum yield exceed those of inorganic counterparts such as amorphous silicon. The best fit for organic semiconductors is in applications where inherent capabilities such as rational modification of carrier energy levels and covalent connection between charge channels and surface receptors are leveraged. This presentation will describe newly synthesized organic molecular solids and polymer films where these attributes are emphasized. For example, addition of a borane to a semiconductor enhances response to ammonia, and introduction of highly electron donating tetrathiafulvalenes into moderately electron-rich polymers enhances response to electron-poor analytes (for example, TNT), for the development of chemical sensors. Carrier energy levels are markedly and predictably altered by static charge embedded in polystyrene films adjacent to organic semiconductors, for multiple device activities to be obtained from a single device layout using one semiconductor, and also the avoidance of powering gate electrodes to set optimal sensor sensitivities during operation.
A polymorphism in a transporter of testosterone is a determinant of androgen independence in prostate cancer (2008)

A polymorphism in a transporter that increases testosterone import is associated with a shorter time to androgen independence in patients with prostate cancer who are treated with ADT.
Behavior of mechanical alloying in metal-silicon systems. (1990)

Nickel and molybdenum form a variety of compounds with silicon. These silicides posess many interesting properties, such as low density, good oxidation resistance and good electronic property. Their narrow compositional range and high melting points, nevertheless, make the processing by conventional methods difficult. In this study, the formation of silicides was attempted by the mechanical alloying (MA) method. The MA behavior of Ni-Si and Mo-Si systems was examined at atomic ratios corresponding to stoichiometric compositions of respective silicides. It was observed that silicides equivalent to the ratios of mixed element powders, were produced in the MA process. In the MA behavior of Mo33Si67, αMOSi2 of the low temperature phase and βMoSi2 of the high temperature phase were formed; further, in more MA, they resulted in amorphization.
High Reliability and Performance Poly-Si TFTs for System in Displays (2006)

Narrow frame size IPS-mode LCD with high resolution system-in- display have been developed utilizing hybrid laser crystallization technology: SELAX are applied to low-power, high-speed circuits, and conventional ELC are used for the high- voltage circuits. The TFT degradation phenomena under dynamic stress are clarified, and the high-immunity TFT structure and high-quality gate insulator are proposed.
A Machine Learning-optimized system for on demand, pulsatile, photo- and chemo-therapeutic treatment using near-infrared responsive MoS 2 -based microparticles in a breast cancer model (2023)

ABSTRACT Cancer therapy research is of high interest because of the persistence and mortality of the disease and the side effects of traditional therapeutic methods, while often multimodal treatments are necessary based on the patient’s needs. The development of less invasive modalities for recurring treatment cycles is thus of critical significance. Herein, a light-activatable microparticle system was developed for localized, pulsatile delivery of anticancer drugs with simultaneous thermal ablation, by applying controlled ON-OFF thermal cycles using near-infrared laser irradiation. The system is composed of poly(caprolactone) microparticles of 200 μm size with incorporated molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets as the photothermal agent and hydrophilic doxorubicin or hydrophobic violacein, as model drugs. Upon irradiation the nanosheets heat up to ≥50 °C leading to polymer matrix melting and release of the drug. MoS 2 nanosheets exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency and allow for application of low power laser irradiation for the system activation. A Machine Learning algorithm was applied to acquire optimal laser operation conditions; 0.4 W/cm 2 laser power at 808 nm, 3-cycle irradiation, for 3 cumulative minutes. In a mouse subcutaneous model of 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer, 25 microparticles were intratumorally administered and after 3-cycle laser treatment the system conferred synergistic phototherapeutic and chemotherapeutic effect. Our on-demand, pulsatile synergistic treatment resulted in increased median survival up to 40 days post start of treatment compared to untreated mice, with complete eradication of the tumors at the primary site. Such a system could have potential for patients in need of recurring cycles of treatment on subcutaneous tumors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Switched dynamic structural equation models for tracking social network topologies (2015)

Contagions such as the spread of popular news stories, or infectious diseases, propagate in cascades over dynamic networks with unobservable topologies. However, "social signals" such as product purchase time, or blog entry timestamps are measurable, and implicitly depend on the underlying topology, making it possible to track it over time. Interestingly, network topologies often "jump" between discrete states that may account for sudden changes in the observed signals. The present paper advocates a switched dynamic structural equation model to capture the topology-dependent cascade evolution, as well as the discrete states driving the underlying topologies. Leveraging the edge sparsity inherent to social networks, a recursive ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm regularized least-squares estimator is put forth to jointly track the states and network topologies. A first-order proximal-gradient algorithm is developed to solve the resulting optimization problem, and numerical tests on synthetic data corroborate its efficacy.
In-line Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer with High-Reflectance Internal Mirrors (2005)

Operation of fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) temperature sensors from -200°C to +1050°C has been demonstrated [1]. These sensors used internal mirrors produced by a fusion splicing technique. Internal-mirror FFPIs have been embedded in graphite-epoxy composites and polymers, where they were used to sense temperature [2] and ultrasonic pressure [3].
Gene 5.5 protein of bacteriophage T7 inhibits the nucleoid protein H-NS of Escherichia coli. (1993)

Gene 5.5 of coliphage T7 is one of the most highly expressed genes during T7 infection. Gene 5.5 protein, purified from cells overexpressing the cloned gene, purifies with the nucleoid protein H-NS of Escherichia coli during three chromatographic steps. A fusion protein of gene 5.5 protein and maltose binding protein also purifies with H-NS. The fusion protein binds to the DNA-H-NS complex and abolishes H-NS-mediated inhibition of transcription by Escherichia coli and T7 RNA polymerases in vitro. Expression of gene 5.5 also relieves the repression of the Escherichia coli proU promoter by H-NS in vivo. The change of leucine to proline at residue 30 of gene 5.5 protein abolishes the interaction between gene 5.5 protein and H-NS.
Twinkle overexpression prevents cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction by alleviating impaired mitochondrial biogenesis (2016)

Cardiac rupture is a fatal complication after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the detailed mechanism underlying cardiac rupture after MI remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondria in the pathophysiology of cardiac rupture by analyzing Twinkle helicase overexpression mice (TW mice). Twinkle overexpression increased mtDNA copy number approximately twofold and ameliorated ischemic cardiomyopathy at day 28 after MI. Notably, Twinkle overexpression markedly prevented cardiac rupture and improved post-MI survival, accompanied by the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the MI border area at day 5 after MI when cardiac rupture frequently occurs. Additionally, these cardioprotective effects of Twinkle overexpression were abolished in transgenic mice overexpressing mutant Twinkle with an in-frame duplication of amino acids 353-365, which resulted in no increases in mtDNA copy number. Furthermore, although apoptosis and oxidative stress were induced and mitochondria were damaged in the border area, these injuries were improved in TW mice. Further analysis revealed that mitochondrial biogenesis, including mtDNA copy number, transcription, and translation, was severely impaired in the border area at day 5 In contrast, Twinkle overexpression maintained mtDNA copy number and restored the impaired transcription and translation of mtDNA in the border area. These results demonstrated that Twinkle overexpression alleviated impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in the border area through maintained mtDNA copy number and thereby prevented cardiac rupture accompanied by the reduction of apoptosis and oxidative stress, and suppression of MMP activity.
Observation of Differential Capacitance Images on Slightly Iron-Contaminated p-Type Silicon (2002)

Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is employed to study defect distribution induced by iron contamination on p-type silicon wafers. For slightly contaminated samples, SCM reveals that iron contamination induces interface traps in the defect region. Interface traps perturb significantly the depletion behavior of the silicon surface. Iron contamination also decreases the lifetime and increases the density of minority carriers in the defect region. The defects induced by iron contamination exhibit an obvious bias-dependent SCM contrast. By differential capacitance images, one can examine the defect density distribution. The influence of these microscale defects on the electrical characteristics of the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor cannot be observed by conventional capacitance-voltage measurement. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Combined power delivery and cooling for high density, high efficiency microservers (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel thermal and electrical power-management solution for high-density electronic appliances, (such as a Microserver), that can handle a volumetric power density of up to 1350 W/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The Microserver consists of a multitude of smart-phone-sized compute-node boards placed in vertical position with a pitch of 7.6 mm on a backplane board that fits into a 19"x2U rack unit. In this approach, a passive cooling element, called heat spreader, is thermally attached to each processor chip of the compute node board; the heat is transferred to the sides, which are thermally in contact with an active liquid-cooled heat sink. This solution keeps the electronic components below 85°C, even when they are cooled with a 45°C hot fluid. The heat spreader and the heat sink contain also the electrical connections for the main electrical power delivery at 12 V which eases the strain on the backplane board and the plugs.
The “Peroxo Perrhenic Acid” H4Re2O13: An Oxygen‐Rich Metal Peroxide and Oxidation Catalyst (1996)

Abstract The rhenium oxides Re 2 O 7 and ReO 3 react with hydrogen peroxide solutions yielding peroxo complexes that efficiently catalyze the oxidation of olefins, aromatics, and certain organometallic compounds. In contrast, related oxides of molybdenum (MoO 3 ) and vanadium (V 2 O 5 ) do not activate H 2 O 2 under comparable conditions. The active rhenium peroxo complex was isolated from the system Re 2 O 7 /H 2 O 2 : the crystalline red‐orange, explosive compound of formula H 4 Re 2 O 13 is the most oxygen rich rhenium compound isolated to date. Its structure resembles a “peroxo perrhenic acid”. The binuclear compound could be isolated in the form of a diglyme adduct, structurally defined as two corner‐sharing pentagonal bipyramids with apical oxo and aquo ligands; the equatorial positions are occupied by the bridging oxygen and by n 2 ‐peroxo groups (two [O 2 ] 2− ligands per rhenium). In contrast to the known complex [CH 3 ReO(O 2 ) 2 ].H 2 O, the new peroxo species [O{ReO(O 2 ) 2 .H 2 O} 2 ] decomposes hydrolytically during the catalytic cycle and can thus not compete in terms of catalytic activity in oxidation reactions involving H 2 O 2 . Hydrolysis yields “perrhenic acid” Re 2 O 7 .2H 2 O, the diglyme adduct of which compound was also characterized by means of an X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Data from Targeted Nanoparticles That Deliver a Sustained, Specific Release of Paclitaxel to Irradiated Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;To capitalize on the response of tumor cells to XRT, we developed a controlled-release nanoparticle drug delivery system using a targeting peptide that recognizes a radiation-induced cell surface receptor. Phage display biopanning identified Gly-Ile-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly (GIRLRG) as a peptide that selectively recognizes tumors responding to XRT. Membrane protein extracts of irradiated glioma cells identified glucose-regulated protein GRP78 as the receptor target for GIRLRG. Antibodies to GRP78 blocked the binding of GIRLRG &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Conjugation of GIRLRG to a sustained-release nanoparticle drug delivery system yielded increased paclitaxel concentration and apoptosis in irradiated breast carcinomas for up to 3 weeks. Compared with controls, a single administration of the GIRLRG-targeted nanoparticle drug delivery system to irradiated tumors delayed the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; tumor tripling time by 55 days (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001) in MDA-MB-231 and 12 days in GL261 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.005). This targeting agent combines a novel recombinant peptide with a paclitaxel-encapsulating nanoparticle that specifically targets irradiated tumors, increasing apoptosis and tumor growth delay in a manner superior to known chemotherapy approaches. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4550–9. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;