gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Applications of fiber optic Raman spectroscopy to chemical processes</title> (1993)

The role of on-line chemical analyzers is vital to process monitoring and control and product quality. Although traditional optical filter methods such as UV-VIS, NIR, and IR have enjoyed considerable success when applied on-line, they often require inconvenient and complex sampling schemes. These restrictions can be largely eliminated by fiber optic probes as evidenced by their growing popularity. Fiber optic technology also allows remote location of full spectrum analyzers which in turn facilitates multicomponent analysis. Recently, we have developed a Raman spectrograph which utilizes fiber optic probes and a CCD detector. We have been most successful with this system when it is applied to processes in a short term, investigative role. Examples of reaction intermediates and products, contaminant identification, and process optimization are given.
Assembly of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 hybrid receptors in vitro (1989)

Insulin and Mn/MgATP treatment of immunoaffinity-purified alpha beta heterodimeric insulin receptors induced the formation of an alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric insulin receptor complex. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treatment was completely ineffective in inducing the association of alpha beta heterodimeric insulin receptors. Similarly, IGF-1 or Mn/MgATP, but not insulin, treatment of immunoaffinity-purified alpha beta heterodimeric IGF-1 receptors induced the formation of an alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric IGF-1 receptor complex. A monoclonal antibody specific for the insulin receptor (MA5) completely immunoprecipitated all the insulin binding activity from both the alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric and alpha beta heterodimeric insulin receptor complexes but did not immunoprecipitate IGF-1 receptors. Conversely, the IGF-1 receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (alpha IR-3) immunoprecipitated all the IGF-1 binding activity, but not insulin receptors. The simultaneous treatment of pooled equal amounts of alpha beta heterodimeric insulin and IGF-1 receptors with a combination of insulin and IGF-1 resulted in the formation of alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric insulin and IGF-1 receptor complexes. However, in the mixed alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric receptor fraction MA5 immunoprecipitated 94% of the insulin binding in addition to 27% of the IGF-1 binding activity whereas alpha IR-3 immunoprecipitated 97% of the IGF-1 binding in addition to 38% of the insulin binding activity. Treatment of the mixed alpha beta heterodimeric insulin and IGF-1 receptors with Mn/MgATP also resulted in the formation of cross-immunoreactive (42-46%) alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric receptors. These data directly demonstrate the formation of insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptors by both a combination of insulin plus IGF-1 or Mn/MgATP treatment of purified human placenta alpha beta heterodimeric insulin and IGF-1 half-receptors in vitro.
PMMA-Fe 3 O 4 for internal mechanical support and magnetic thermal ablation of bone tumors (2019)

<b>Background</b>: Minimally invasive modalities are of great interest in the field of treating bone tumors. However, providing reliable mechanical support and fast killing of tumor cells to achieve rapid recovery of physical function is still challenging in clinical works. <b>Methods</b>: A material with two functions, mechanical support and magnetic thermal ablation, was developed from Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) distributed in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. The mechanical properties and efficiency of magnetic field-induced thermal ablation were systematically and successfully evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i>. CT images and pathological examination were successfully applied to evaluate therapeutic efficacy with a rabbit bone tumor model. Biosafety evaluation was performed with a rabbit <i>in vivo</i>, and a cytotoxicity test was performed <i>in vitro</i>. <b>Results</b>: An NP content of 6% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (PMMA-6% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, m<sub>Fe</sub>: 0.01 g) gave the most suitable performance for <i>in vivo</i> study. At the 56-day follow-up after treatment, bone tumors were ablated without obvious side effects. The pathological examination and new bone formation in CT images clearly illustrate that the bone tumors were completely eliminated. Correspondingly, after treatment, the tendency of bone tumors toward metastasis significantly decreased. Moreover, with well-designed mechanical properties, PMMA-6%Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> implantation endowed tumor-bearing rabbit legs with excellent bio-mimic bone structure and internal support. Biosafety evaluation did not induce an increase or decrease in the immune response, and major functional parameters were all at normal levels. <b>Conclusion</b>: We have presented a novel, highly efficient and minimally invasive approach for complete bone tumor regression and bone defect repair by magnetic thermal ablation based on PMMA containing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs; this approach shows excellent heating ability for rabbit VX2 tibial plateau tumor ablation upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and provides mechanical support for bone repair. The new and powerful dual-function implant is a promising minimally invasive agent for the treatment of bone tumors and has good clinical translation potential.
Specific Induction of tie1 Promoter by Disturbed Flow in Atherosclerosis-Prone Vascular Niches and Flow-Obstructing Pathologies (2003)

Nonlaminar flow is a major predisposing factor to atherosclerosis. Yet little is known regarding hemodynamic gene regulation in disease-prone areas of the vascular tree in vivo. We have determined spatial patterns of expression of endothelial cell receptors in the arterial tree and of reporter gene constructs in transgenic animals. In this study we show that the endothelial cell-specific receptor Tie1 is induced by disturbed flow in atherogenic vascular niches. Specifically, tie1 expression in the adult is upregulated in vascular bifurcations and branching points along the arterial tree. It is often confined to a single ring of endothelial cells functioning as sphincters and hence experiencing the steepest gradient in shear stress. In aortic valves, tie1 is asymmetrically induced only in endothelial cells encountering changes in flow direction. Disturbance of laminar flow by a surgical interposition of a vein into an artery led to induction of tie1, specifically in the region where the differently sized vessels adjoin. In pathological settings, tie1 expression is specifically induced in areas of disturbed flow because of the emergence of aneurysms and, importantly, in endothelial cells precisely overlying atherosclerotic plaques. Hemodynamic features of atherosclerotic lesion-prone regions, recreated in vitro with the aid of a flow chamber with a built-in step, corroborated an upregulated tie1 promoter activity only in cells residing where flow separation and recirculation take place. These defined promoter elements might be harnessed for targeting gene expression to atherosclerotic lesions.
High Vaccine Efficacy against Shigellosis of Recombinant Noninvasive Shigella Mutant That Expresses Yersinia Invasin (2006)

Live attenuated Shigella vaccines elicit protective immune responses, but involve a potential risk of inducing a strong inflammatory reaction. The bacterial invasiveness that is crucial for Ag delivery causes inflammatory destruction of infected epithelial cells and proinflammatory cell death of infected macrophages. In this study, the noninvasive Shigella mutant DeltaipaB was equipped with Yersinia invasin protein, which has been shown to mediate bacterial invasion and targeting to M cells located in follicle-associated epithelium. Invasin-expressing DeltaipaB (DeltaipaB/inv) was internalized into epithelial cells and retained in the intraphagosomal space. DeltaipaB/inv did not induce necrotic cell death of infected macrophages nor cause symptomatic damage after intranasal vaccination of mice. DeltaipaB/inv was safer and more effective than the conventional live vaccine, DeltavirG. Infection by DeltaipaB/inv caused polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in the lung, but did not induce production of large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. We concluded that the low experimental morbidity and high vaccine efficacy of DeltaipaB/inv are primarily based on high protective immune responses, which may be enhanced by the polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration unaccompanied by tissue injury.
Analysis of gene transcription in sera during chronic hepatitis C infection (2009)

Alternative, non-invasive techniques are necessary to monitor the progression of liver disease during chronic hepatitis C. Firstly, because serum is the most accessible material for studies using qPCR in microplates, gene transcription was compared in 219 selected genes involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection between sera, PBMCs and liver samples collected simultaneously from five patients infected chronically. Secondly, using sera, gene profiles were compared between HCV-infected patients (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10). In addition, the influence of alcohol intake was examined in patients infected with HCV genotype-1. Firstly, amplifiable mRNAs were obtained in all samples. After amplification, significant correlations were observed between: liver versus serum; liver versus PBMCs; and serum versus PBMCs (r(2) = 0.37, r(2) = 0.54, r(2) = 0.49, respectively). A comparison of gene transcription by gene involved in T- and B-cell markers, adhesion molecules, apoptosis, liver matrix turnover and inflammation, revealed comparable, significant correlations between serum and liver, (r(2) = 0.30, r(2) = 0.60, r(2) = 0.51, r(2) = 0.51, r(2) = 0.26, and r(2) = 0.61 respectively). Secondly, a quantitative analysis of gene expression in sera between genotype-1b-infected patients and healthy controls revealed that 41 genes involved closely in T-cell activation and apoptosis were over-expressed significantly in patients infected with HCV. In these patients, alcohol consumption was associated with an increased expression of six genes involved in the inflammatory response, together with a decrease of genes associated with dendritic cell function. It is concluded that in patients infected with HCV, serum can be used to evaluate expression of liver genes. Further prospective studies are clearly needed to validate the initial results and to define the relevant genes.
Measurements of reverse and forward bias absorptionand gain spectra in semiconductor lasermaterial (1995)

A simple technique for measuring absorption and gain spectra under reverse and forward bias in a two section semiconductor laser is described. Results are presented for an AlGaAs/GaAs multiquantum well laser. For reverse bias, exciton broadening and shifting are observed; and for forward bias, relative gain spectra are measured.
Correction to “Chiral Cyclohexane 1,3-Diones as Inhibitors of Mutant SOD1-Dependent Protein Aggregation for the Treatment of ALS” (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/ml3000963.].
Full dimension MIMO for LTE-Advanced and 5G (2015)

Elevation beamforming and Full Dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) has been an active area of research and standardization in 3GPP LTE-Advanced. In an FD-MIMO system, a base station with 2-dimensional (2D) active array supports multi-user joint elevation and azimuth beamforming (a.k.a. 3D beamfoming), which results in much higher cell capacity compared to conventional systems. Recent study has shown that with these new FD-MIMO technologies, we can achieve promising 3-5× gain in both cell capacity as well as cell-edge throughput. In this paper, we will provide a brief summary of recent 3GPP activities, including the recently completed 3D channel model, ongoing study on FD-MIMO scenarios, antenna/RF (radio frequency) transceiver architectures, as well as potential network performance benefits. In addition, we also discuss some methods for reducing CSI (channel state information) feedback overhead and ensuring efficient operation of large size FD-MIMO for both TDD and FDD systems.
Impact of NVRAM write cache for file system metadata on I/O performance in embedded systems (2009)

File systems make use of part of DRAM as the buffer cache to enhance its performance in traditional systems. In this paper, we consider the use of Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM) as a write cache for metadata of the file system in embedded systems. NVRAM is a state-of-the-art memory that provides characteristics of both non-volatility and random byte addressability. By making NVRAM a write cache for dirty metadata, we retain the same integrity of a file system that always synchronously writes its metadata to storage, while at the same time improving file system performance to the level of a file system that always writes asynchronously. To show quantitative results, we develop an embedded board with NVRAM and modify the VFAT file system provided in Linux 2.6.21 to accommodate the NVRAM write cache. The experimental results show that substantial reductions in execution time are possible from an application viewpoint. Another consequence of the write cache is its benefits at the FTL layer, leading to improved wear leveling of Flash memory and increased energy savings, which are important measures in embedded systems.
Acoustic Feedback Cancellation in hearing aids using two microphones employing variable step size affine projection algorithms (2015)

Affine projection algorithms (APA) have been widely employed for acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) since they provide a natural trade-off between convergence speed and computational complexity. However, their application in Acoustic Feedback Cancellation (AFC) in hearing aids so far has been limited due to lack of performance improvement in one microphone settings. A two microphone technique was recently proposed to provide an improved cancellation for a larger class of input signals. This paper proposes to use APA in the two microphone closed-loop feedback cancellation. It is shown that APA has significantly improved the misalignment and maximum stable gain of the system. Moreover, a new variable Gaussian step-size control (VGSS) for APA is also proposed. The simulation results indicate an improvement in convergence speed of the proposed algorithms as compared to previously suggested methods.
Plasmonic Nanoantenna-Enhanced Adiabatic Wavelength Conversion using a Time-varying Epsilon-near-zero-based Metasurface (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate adiabatic wavelength conversion using a time-varying epsilon-near-zero-based metasurface. We observe up to 47-mn redshift with 4-GW/cnr pump peak intensity. The wavelength shift depends on both pump-probe delay time and pmnp peak intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Promoted Isomerization of Allylic Alkoxides: A New Method for Enolate Anion Formation. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Carbonic Anhydrase in Human Red Blood Cells Using Capillary Electrophoresis/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) was applied to the analysis of human red blood cells (RBCs) using the split-flow technique for interfacing CE to MS. By using a long (approximately125-cm) and narrow (approximately 15-microm-i.d.) capillary, the four major proteins of the RBC, which are hemoglobin (Hb, alpha- and beta-chains, 900 amol/chain), carbonic anhydrase I (CAI, approximately 7 amol/cell), and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII, approximately 0.8 amol/cell), were separated from each other and detected at low-attomole levels in one run and minimal sample preparation. Under these conditions, the detection limits for CAI and CAII in lysed RBCs were approximately 20 and approximately 44 amol, respectively. The approximately 20-amol detection limit of CAI was confirmed by the CE/ESI-MS analysis of three intact RBCs that had been drawn into the capillary under a microscope. A shorter capillary (approximately 55 cm long) provided faster analysis time but did not separate CAII from the beta-chain of hemoglobin, causing the CAII signal to be masked by the background chemical noise generated by the approximately 1,000 x molar excess of the beta-chain. Under this condition, the CAII detection limit increased to approximately 500 amol. From three methods of sample introduction (injection of lysed blood, injection of intact cells under microscope, and injection of intact cells suspended in saline solution), injection of lysed blood provided the optimum sensitivity. It was found that a background electrolyte (BGE) containing 0.1% acetic acid in water worked best for the analysis of intact cells, while a BGE containing 0.1% acetic acid in water + acetonitrile (50/50 by volume) worked best for the analysis of lysed blood.
A 20 MHz HIPERLAN/2 MIMO Channel Model in NLOS Indoor Scenarios (2002)

In this paper, we present results of 5.2 GHz wideband indoor multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel measurementsunder the EU IST SATURN project. First we show the average power delay profile ...
Overview of wafer direct bonding technology: From substrate engineering to heterogeneous integration enabled by 3D wafer stacking (2012)

The recent advances of the wafer direct bonding technology will be presented in this talk. The overview covers the technology perspective with respect to the fabrication of engineered substrates as well as 3D wafer stacking in light of the different applications for semiconductor industry.
Absorptive bistability in a three-level system interacting with two fields (1984)

We have studied the case of purely absorptive bistability in a three-level system interacting with two coherent fields. The results show that in the limit where the neglect of propagation effects is justified, a tunable optical device (TOD) results. It is shown that varying the secondary field amplitude can alter the hysteresis curve of the two-level system dramatically. Under certain conditions, the secondary applied field can eliminate hysteresis and produce a tunable differential gain region. This type of adaptive behavior offers attractive possibilities for optically based analog-digital systems.
Process Independent Design Methodology for the Active RC and Single-Inverter-Based Rail Clamp (2016)

RC and single-inverter-based rail clamps are widely used in semiconductor products for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. We propose a technology-node-independent design methodology for these rail clamp circuits that takes process, voltage, and temperature variations into consideration. The methodology can be used as a cookbook by the designer or be used to automate the entire design process. Tradeoffs between various design metrics such as ESD performance (Human Body Model), leakage, and area are considered. Simplified circuit models for the rail clamp are presented to gain insights into its working and to size the circuit components. A rail clamp for core power domain is designed using the proposed approach in 40nm low-power process and performance results of the design are also presented. The effectiveness of the design methodology is proven in three different technology nodes by comparing the obtained design with the best design from among 250,000 designs obtained by randomly sampling from the design space.
New-Generation Laser-lithographed Dual-Axis Magnetically Assisted Remote-controlled Endovascular Catheter for Interventional MR Imaging: In Vitro Multiplanar Navigation at 1.5 T and 3 T versus X-ray Fluoroscopy (2015)

Multiplanar navigation with a new MARC catheter with real-time MR imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T is feasible and comparable to x-ray guidance for anteroposterior vessels at 3 T in a vascular phantom.
Azilsartan, New Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Would Suppress Morning Surge in Hypertension (2013)

Background Recent investigations on circadian variations of blood pressure have shown that the suppression of morning surge is crucial in optimal management of hypertension. The pressure surge is often observed in the neurohormonal transitional phase from the rest to active phase. Azilsartan (AZL), a new angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), is a powerful and long‐acting antihypertensive agent. We examined if AZL suppress the elevation of blood pressure from the light‐rest to dark‐active phase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods and Results SHR were divided into three groups, treated at 5:00 for 28 days with orally administered azilsartan (AZL; 1mg/kg/day), candesartan (CAN; 1mg/kg/day), or vehicle (VEH). Telemetric mean arterial pressures (MAP) for 24 hours were similarly lower in AZL and CAN, than vehicle (AZL 108±4, CAN 116±7, VEH 134±5 mmHg, p&lt;0.01). Both in the light‐rest (from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM) and dark‐active phase (from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM), MAP were similarly lower in AZL and CAN than in VEH. However, the changes in MAP between the last 4 hours in light‐rest phase and the first 2 hours in dark‐active phase were significantly lower in AZL than in CAN (−2±2 vs. 3±1 mmHg, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion AZL is capable of lowering the elevation of blood pressure from the rest to active phase, indicating that AZL may benefit hypertensive patients with pressure surge in the early morning.
Preliminary results of the analysis of the centrally produced φφ system (2004)

We present preliminary results of the analysis of the centrally produced φφ system at 800 GeV/c in the reaction pp → pslow(φφ)pfast. A partial wave analysis of the data up to 2.6 GeV/c2 shows that three waves with JPCLS = 2++02 and with different Jz and reflectivity are needed to describe the data. A fit to the wave amplitudes using Jost functions gives two resonances, one above and one below the φφ threshold. The resonance above threshold has a Breit‐Wigner structure with MR = 2.243 ± 0.015(stat) ± 0.010(syst) GeV and ΓR = 0.368 ± 0.033(stat) ± 0.030(syst) GeV.
Automatic Skill Matching for Production Machines (2018)

We consider the problem of adding a new machine to an existing production line with minimum engineering effort and downtime (e.g. for plug-and-produce). The supervising system and the new machine have interfaces which are similar but not fully compatible with each other, so the interfaces and interaction logic between these systems must be modified and adapted to ensure functionality and exploit the full potential of the new machine. This adaptation is currently done by hand, where a number of parameters and synchronization steps need to be checked by the engineer. We present an approach for detecting incompatibilities between production machine interfaces automatically. To match the parameters requested by the supervising system with the capabilities provided by the machine, we employ an augmented unification method stemming from logic programming. To analyze the synchronization and termination properties of the interaction, we employ graph algorithms on the synchronous cross product of finite state automata. We developed a software prototype and used it to evaluate the approach with example models. Our approach has the potential to optimize the process of machine addition and replacement and minimize potential failure by applying a zero-engineering approach.
Shrinking Core Model for the Discharge of a Metal Hydride Electrode (2000)

A shrinking core model is presented for the galvanostatic discharge of a metal hydride particle. A quantitative criterion for when the shrinking core can be completely neglected or approximated by a pseudosteady‐state solution is presented. The effect of shrinking of the core on the discharge behavior of a metal hydride particle is also studied. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.