gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CIGAR: Application Partitioning for a CPU/Coprocessor Architecture (2007)

We present CIGAR, a methodology and development platform that facilitates the use of data-parallel coprocessors. With CIGAR, application developers use profiling tools to identify parts of the application for data-parallel execution, determine the application data structures to be hosted by the coprocessor, prototype coprocessor execution of these parts, and debug correctness of partitioned execution of the application using emulation. The CIGAR methodology is complemented by a CPU/FPGA prototyping platform that runs a fully functional version of the Linux operating system and associated development tools and libraries. To guide the development of our work and to evaluate its utility, we have instrumented SPECint2006 applications to utilize coprocessors emulated by softcore processors embedded in our prototyping platform. Examples of how a developer would use CIGAR to partition an application for a heterogeneous CPU/coprocessor environment are demonstrated.
An acoustics separation technique based on the development of an interface in the acoustic field (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising and evolving immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment. In allogeneic CAR-T therapies, TCR + cells must be removed from the final cell product because of immunogenicity problems. It is accomplished through a negative affinity cell selection process where TCR + cells are affinity bound to a bead. The harvested TCR-cells are the product cells. A multidimensional acoustic standing wave field separates cell-bead complexes from free cells in an acoustic fluidized bed. The feed solution motion is normal to the primary acoustic field. Irrespective of the particle acoustic contrast, an interface between a dense suspension on the bottom and clear fluid on top develops in the field. We examine the physics behind the development of the interface and its subsequent motion. This motion influences the purity, scalability, and recovery of the TCR- cells. We present the effects of different acoustofluidic parameters, e.g., bead concentration, bead acoustic contrast factor, frequency, and flow rate on interface formation and its movement. Theoretical calculations and experimental results are discussed. The acoustic fluidized bed has been shown to give final purities of 99 + % of TCR- cells from a starting purity of 60%–70%, with 70 + % recoveries of TCR- cells.
Variation of the oxime function of bispyridinium-type allosteric modulators of M2-cholinoceptors. (1995)

The bisbenzylether of the bispyridinium oxime, DUO 3-O (4,4'-Bis-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxyimino)-methyl]-1,1'-propane-1,3- diyl-bispyridinium dibromide), has been found to stabilize the antagonist binding to the M2-cholinoceptors which is indicative of an allosteric action. The oxygen of the oxime group was replaced with a nitrogen and a CH2-group leading to DUO 3-N and 3-C, respectively. The allosteric potency of the compounds was characterized by the concentrations which retarded the rate of dissociation of [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine from porcine cardiac cholinoceptors by a factor of 2 (EC50). The hydrazone derivative DUO 3-N was found to be the most active compound (ED50 = 2.7 microM) exceeding in activity DUO 3-O by a factor of 1.6 and DUO 3-C by a factor of 5. No correlation was found between the lipophilicity, determined as octanol/water partition coefficient, and the allosteric potency. The distribution of charges in the molecules was calculated by means of PEOE and displayed as Kohonen maps: The calculations exhibit a shift of the positive charge in the pyridinium ring from the nitrogen to the carbon atom in para-position when going from DUO 3-C to 3-O and 3-N. This shift parallels the rank order of the allosteric potency. From these results the conclusion has been drawn that the between distance the terminal ring-system and the positive charge is pivotal for the interaction of the allosteric modulators with the receptor protein.
HER2 signaling pathway activation and response of breast cancer cells to HER2-targeting agents is dependent strongly on the 3D microenvironment (2009)

Development of effective and durable breast cancer treatment strategies requires a mechanistic understanding of the influence of the microenvironment on response. Previous work has shown that cellular signaling pathways and cell morphology are dramatically influenced by three-dimensional (3D) cultures as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayers. Here, we compared 2D and 3D culture models to determine the impact of 3D architecture and extracellular matrix (ECM) on HER2 signaling and on the response of HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines to the HER2-targeting agents Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Lapatinib. We show that the response of the HER2-amplified AU565, SKBR3 and HCC1569 cells to these anti-HER2 agents was highly dependent on whether the cells were cultured in 2D monolayer or 3D laminin-rich ECM gels. Inhibition of {beta}1 integrin, a major cell-ECM receptor subunit, significantly increased the sensitivity of the HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines to the humanized monoclonal antibodies Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab when grown in a 3D environment. Finally, in the absence of inhibitors, 3D cultures had substantial impact on HER2 downstream signaling and induced a switch between PI3K-AKT- and RAS-MAPKpathway activation in all cell lines studied, including cells lacking HER2 amplification and overexpression. Our data provide direct evidence that breast cancer cells are able to rapidly adapt to different environments and signaling cues by activating alternative pathways that regulate proliferation and cell survival, events that may play a significant role in the acquisition of resistance to targeted therapies.
Session details: Document Analysis & #38; Visual Document Analysis (2017)

No abstract available.
Bone-Conduction Sensor Assisted Noise Estimation for Improved Speech Enhancement (2018)

State-of-the-art noise power spectral density (PSD) estimation techniques for speech enhancement utilize the so-called speech presence probability (SPP). However, in highly non-stationary environments, SPP-based techniques could still suffer from inaccurate estimation, leading to significant amount of residual noise or speech distortion. In this paper, we propose to improve speech enhancement by deploying the bone-conduction (BC) sensor, which is known to be relatively insensitive to the environmental noise compared to the regular air-conduction (AC) microphone. A strategy is suggested to utilized the BC sensor characteristics for assisting the AC microphone in better SPP-based noise estimation. To our knowledge, no previous work has incorporated the BC sensor in this noise estimation aspect. Consequently, the proposed strategy can possibly be combined with other BC sensor assisted speech enhancement techniques. We show the feasibility and potential of the proposed method for improving the enhanced speech quality by both objective and subjective tests.
An Investigation of Structure-Activity Relationships of Azolylacryloyl Derivatives Yielded Potent and Long-Acting Hemoglobin Modulators for Reversing Erythrocyte Sickling (2020)

Aromatic aldehydes that bind to sickle hemoglobin (HbS) to increase the protein oxygen affinity and/or directly inhibit HbS polymer formation to prevent the pathological hypoxia-induced HbS polymerization and the subsequent erythrocyte sickling have for several years been studied for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). With the exception of Voxelotor, which was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat the disease, several other promising antisickling aromatic aldehydes have not fared well in the clinic because of metabolic instability of the aldehyde moiety, which is critical for the pharmacologic activity of these compounds. Over the years, our group has rationally developed analogs of aromatic aldehydes that incorporate a stable Michael addition reactive center that we hypothesized would form covalent interactions with Hb to increase the protein affinity for oxygen and prevent erythrocyte sickling. Although, these compounds have proven to be metabolically stable, unfortunately they showed weak to no antisickling activity. In this study, through additional targeted modifications of our lead Michael addition compounds, we have discovered other novel antisickling agents. These compounds, designated MMA, bind to the α-globin and/or β-globin to increase Hb affinity for oxygen and concomitantly inhibit erythrocyte sickling with significantly enhanced and sustained pharmacologic activities in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Preferred Conformation of C‐Glycosides. Part 13. A Comparison of the Conformational Behavior of Several C‐, N‐, and O‐Furanosides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High depth of field microscopic imaging using an interferometric camera (2001)

We describe the design of a microscope combining rotational shear interferometer (RSI)-based coherence imaging with an objective lens to simultaneously obtain high numerical aperture and high depth of field imaging. We present experimental results showing the operation of this instrument.
On-line handwriting recognition using continuous parameter hidden Markov models (1993)

The problem of the automatic recognition of handwritten text is addressed. The text to be recognized is captured online and the temporal sequence of the data is presented. The approach is based on a left-to-right hidden markov model (HMM) for each character that models the dynamics of the written script. A mixture of Gaussian distributions is used to represent the output probabilities at each arc of the HMM. Several strategies for reestimating the model parameters are discussed. Experiments show that this approach results in significant decreases in error rate for the recognition of discretely written characters compared with elastic matching techniques. The HMM outperforms the elastic matching technique for both writer-dependent and writer-independent recognition tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sequential Electrochemical Flow Cell for Complex Multicomponent Electrocatalysis (2020)

A highly efficient flow cell for sequential electrolysis containing two complete electrochemical cells, capable of generating reactive species at the upstream working electrode and transporting them to the downstream working electrode, is demonstrated. Deconvolution of the intermixed electrode circuits is accomplished through analysis of the inherent resistance of the electrolyte, which allows for precise and independent control of the electrochemical potential at each electrode without altering concentrations of supporting or background electrolyte species. Sequential electrolysis involving oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of the generated protons downstream is demonstrated at nearly 100% efficiency on Pt-decorated dealloyed porous Nb catalysts. The conversion efficiency of the catalysts is discussed in terms of their geometries and active surface composition, elucidating strategies for use of sequential electrolysis cells for fundamental and applied studies.
The ISLFE Terminal Development Project - Results from the Elegant Breadboard Phase (2002)

Contraves Space is developing optical inter-satellite link (O-ISL) terminals for GEO crosslink applications through the ESA co-funded ISLFE project. The near term market for this technology is foreseen to be medium range GEO crosslink applications with satellites having transparent payloads. From the Contraves family of O-ISL terminals the OPTEL 25 GEO terminal has been selected and will be developed within the ISLFE project. The flight design and performance of the ISLFE terminal are verified in the first instance through the production of an Engineering Breadboard (EBB) for a complete optical head and associated electronics. The optical head and associated electronics has been constructed and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of the flight design with specific attention paid to verifying the low mass, compact design and performance characteristics of the optical head. A description of the overall configuration for the ISLFE terminal is presented together with specific details and results of the testing performed both on the constituent terminal components as well as the major subsystems (optical, PAT and communications).
Compact, Multiband, Flexible Decagon Ring Monopole Antenna for GSM/LTE/5G/WLAN Applications (2022)

The design of linearly polarized, flexible, multi-band decagon ring monopole antenna is proposed. The decagon ring monopole antenna incorporates a decagon ring having a thickness of 5 mm encircling a chamfered patch to generate multiband linear polarized waves. These radiators are excited by coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed based technique to induce two resonances at 2.20 GHz and 4.10 GHz covering bandwidth requirement of Global System for Mobile (GSM) 1800, Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2300/2600, Fifth Generation (5G) and WLAN bands. The simulated outcomes confirm the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 48.84% (1.64 – 2.70 GHz) and 43.01% (3.65 – 5.65 GHz) at resonating frequency of 2.20 GHz and 4.10 GHz, respectively. Further, the bending analysis validates that the impedance matching and radiation performance of decagon ring antenna have minimal impact on the operating bands.
Service level agreement for multithreaded processors (2009)

Multithreading is widely used to increase processor throughput. As the number of shared resources increase, managing them while guaranteeing predicted performance becomes a major problem. Attempts have been made in previous work to ease this via different fairness mechanisms. In this article, we present a new approach to control the resource allocation and sharing via a service level agreement (SLA)-based mechanism; that is, via an agreement in which multithreaded processors guarantee a minimal level of service to the running threads. We introduce a new metric, C SLA , for conformance to SLA in multithreaded processors and show that controlling resources using with SLA allows for higher gains than are achievable by previously suggested fairness techniques. It also permits improving one metric (e.g., power) while maintaining SLA in another (e.g., performance). We compare SLA enforcement to schemes based on other fairness metrics, which are mostly targeted at equalizing execution parameters. We show that using SLA rather than fairness based algorithms provides a range of acceptable execution points from which we can select the point that best fits our optimization target, such as maximizing the weighted speedup (sum of the speedups of the individual threads) or reducing power. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new SLA approach using switch-on-event (coarse-grained) multithreading. Our weighted speedup improvement scheme successfully enforces SLA while improving the weighted speedup by an average of 10% for unbalanced threads. This result is significant when compared with performance losses that may be incurred by fairness enforcement methods. When optimizing for power reduction in unbalanced threads SLA enforcement reduces the power by an average of 15%. SLA may be complemented by other power reduction methods to achieve further power savings and maintain the same service level for the threads. We also demonstrate differentiated SLA, where weighted speedup is maximized while each thread may have a different throughput constraint.
Perioperative Maintenance of Normothermia Reduces the Incidence of Morbid Cardiac Events (1997)

In patients with cardiac risk factors who are undergoing noncardiac surgery, the perioperative maintenance of normothermia is associated with a reduced incidence of morbid cardiac events and ventricular tachycardia.
Hybrid Induction Arc Welding: A New Process for Reducing Distortion in Stiffener-to-Panel T-Fillet Welds (2015)

A new welding process has been developed which uses a hybrid concept. A portable induction coil is operated ahead of the arc welding torch, and heats the surfaces of the weld to near the melting point. Then the heat generated by the welding arc is primarily used only to melt the welding wire. The process operates at speeds of 2-3 times the speed of conventional arc welding and has the added advantage of substantially reducing weld distortion in butt seam welds. An innovative approach has now been developed to utilize this process for stiffener-to-panel, T-Fillet welds – which is a significant distortion problem requiring costly straightening – so that the distortion in the panel is reduced.
Octupolar Merocyanine Dyes: A New Class of Nonlinear Optical Chromophores (2012)

A set of new octupolar merocyanine chromophores was designed and synthesized. These compounds were prepared from the reaction of 1,3,5-triformyl-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene with heterocyclic nucleophiles. Octupolar dyes were formed exclusively in their open-dye form. The one- and two-photon-absorption spectra of the dyes consist of two bands: The long-wavelength band in the two-photon absorption spectrum (a few hundreds GM above 1000 nm) matches well with the intense, long-wavelength-absorption band that is located in the visible region in the linear spectrum. Interestingly, an additional, much-more-intense TPA band in the NIR region is observed at higher energy, which corresponds to a weakly allowed one-photon electronic transition. Changing the peripheral heterocyclic moieties allows tuning of the optical properties to approach the cyanine limit (i.e., polymethine state), thus resulting in a red-shift of the low-energy one-photon-absorption band as well as to the rise of an intense two-photon-absorption band in the NIR region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first synthesis and TPA characterization of octupolar merocyanine chromophores with typical low-bond-length alternation.
A Study on Applicable Control Methods of Electric Power Steering System in Dynamic Redundancy Environments (2018)

The reliability is defined as a probability that a system will perform properly for a specified period of time without any failures, and it is considered as one of the important design attributes. In automotive industry, safety-critical systems such as the electrical power steering (EPS) are considering dynamic redundant systems, which are configured two identical controllers, to ensure the higher functionality, reliability and distributed intelligence which can recover from failures. Two identically configured controllers (one active, one backup) should swap roles within the deadline in the redundancy scheme when a system failure is detected in active controller. A challenge of dynamic redundant systems is to determine a precise role as the active controller to operate a system, error detection of the active controller and how to take over to a backup controller in the defined time. Moreover, a role of each controller has to be independently protected to ensure mutual exclusion under safety requirements. This paper studies dynamic redundant architectures and arbitration control methods that can provide full fault-tolerance without any deviation of functionality even in the presence of faults. The system performance of the dynamic redundant architecture is evaluated experimentally by actual test scenarios to show the practical implication of our architecture.
Analytic review of usability evaluation in ISMAR (2012)

There has been a rapid increase in research evaluating usability of Augmented Reality (AR) systems in recent years. Although many different styles of evaluation are used, there is no clear consensus on the most relevant approaches. We report a review of papers published in International Symposium of Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) proceedings in the past decade, building on the previous work of Swan and Gabbard (2005). Firstly, we investigate the evaluation goal, measurement and method of ISMAR papers according to their usability research in four categories: performance, perception and cognition, collaboration and User Experience (UX). Secondly, we consider the balance of evaluation approaches with regard to empirical–analytical, quantitative–qualitative and participant demographics. Finally we identify potential emphases for usability study of AR systems in the future. These analyses provide a reference point for current evaluation techniques, trends and challenges, which benefit researchers intending to design, conduct and interpret usability evaluations for future AR systems.
Role of Platelets in Homing of Endothelial Progenitor Cells to the Site of Vascular Injury. (2005)

Abstract Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are undifferentiated bone marrow cells that are rapidly mobilized upon vascular or tissue injury. The circulating EPCs home to and differentiate at the site of vessel injury to enhance repair of damaged endothelium. Much has been learnt of how EPCs adhere to and transmigrate on endothelial cells during angiogenesis, but little is know about how EPCs home to the site where endothelial cells are denuded and subendothelium is exposed following vascular injury. We hypothesized that platelets mediate EPC homing because they are the first cells that tether and adhere to subendothelium exposed by vascular injury. To test this hypothesis, we examined the platelet-EPC interaction under static and flow conditions. Human EPCs were purified from buffy coats by cell sorting using CD133 and VEGFR-2 as the cell markers. The EPCs were then incubated with washed platelets that were either at resting state or activated by 5 mg/ml of collagen. EPC-platelet interaction was measured in the form of heterotypic aggregation between two types of cells by flow cytometry (dual labeled with FITC-CD42a and PE-CD133). We found the EPCs attached to resting platelets, however, the percentage of platelets binding to EPCs significantly increased when platelets were activated by collagen (1.02% vs. 2.76%, p &amp;lt; 0.05). EPC-platelet aggregation was similarly detected in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma. When perfused over a monolayer of activated platelets under a shear stress of 2.5 dyn/cm2, the CD133 positive EPCs tethered to the platelet monolayer. The tethered EPCs either firmly adhered immediately or rolled a short distance before becoming adherent. This EPC-platelet interaction was calcium-dependent and inhibited by up to 60±11.5% by a polyclonal P-selectin antibody. In comparison, the monoclonal GP Iba antibody AK2, which blocks GP Ib-VWF interaction, had no effect. These results demonstrate for the first time a significant interaction between EPCs and activated platelets both at static and flow conditions. Our findings suggest that platelets may function as carrier cells that direct EPCs to the site of vascular injury. In addition to homing, platelets, which release several growth factors known to affect EPCs, may provide a supporting matrix on which adherent EPCs proliferate and differentiate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biology of the Rigidified Glutamate Analogue, trans‐2‐ Carboxyazetidine‐3‐acetic Acid (t‐CAA). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.