gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a bacterial hyaluronidase and its production in recombinant form (2016)

Hyaluronidases (Hyals) are broadly used in medical applications to facilitate the dispersion and/or absorption of fluids or medications. This study reports the isolation, cloning, and industrial-scale recombinant production, purification and full characterization, including X-ray structure determination at 1.45 Å, of an extracellular Hyal from the nonpathogenic bacterium Streptomyces koganeiensis. The recombinant S. koganeiensis Hyal (rHyal_Sk) has a novel bacterial catalytic domain with high enzymatic activity, compared with commercially available Hyals, and is more thermostable and presents higher proteolytic resistance, with activity over a broad pH range. Moreover, rHyal_Sk exhibits remarkable substrate specificity for hyaluronic acid (HA) and poses no risk of animal cross-infection.
The video mesh: A data structure for image-based three-dimensional video editing (2011)

This paper introduces the video mesh, a data structure for representing video as 2.5D “paper cutouts.” The video mesh allows interactive editing of moving objects and modeling of depth, which enables 3D effects and post-exposure camera control. The video mesh sparsely encodes optical flow as well as depth, and handles occlusion using local layering and alpha mattes. Motion is described by a sparse set of points tracked over time. Each point also stores a depth value. The video mesh is a triangulation over this point set and per-pixel information is obtained by interpolation. The user rotoscopes occluding contours and we introduce an algorithm to cut the video mesh along them. Object boundaries are refined with per-pixel alpha values. The video mesh is at its core a set of texture mapped triangles, we leverage graphics hardware to enable interactive editing and rendering of a variety of effects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our representation with special effects such as 3D viewpoint changes, object insertion, depth-of-field manipulation, and 2D to 3D video conversion.
Grid-tied Two PV LLC Converter with Dual MPPT Algorithm based on the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) (2021)

This paper proposes a dual Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm using the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) to harvest maximum power from a grid-tied phase-shifted dual-input LLC converter. The algorithm can simultaneously extract maximum power from two Photovoltaic (PV) panels even under dynamic weather conditions and partial shading. The dual MPPT algorithm generates duty cycle and phase shift to regulate the power flow using combined pulse width modulation (PWM) and phase-shift modulation (PSM) techniques. Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) in all primary switches and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) in the secondary diodes are achieved over the entire range of input and load conditions. The proposed ANFIS model uses the LLC converter’s input-output data set for each PV panel to train the neural network while the fuzzy rules ensure the optimum output using membership functions. On the other hand, a grid controller maintains the fixed DC link as well as ensures grid power injection. Derivation of this dual-MPPT algorithm followed by the verification of the proposed closed-loop system is presented here.
Data fusion by artificial neural network for hybrid metrology development (2021)

Hybrid metrology is a promising approach to access to the critical dimensions of line gratings with precisions. The objective of this work is about using artificial intelligence (AI), mainly artificial neural network (ANN) to improve metrology at nanoscale characterization by hybridization of several techniques. Namely, optical critical dimension (OCD) or scatterometry, CD–Scanning electron microscopy (CDSEM), CD–Atomic force microscopy (CDAFM) and CD–Small angle x-rays scattering (CDSAXS). With virtual data of tabular–type generated by modelling, the ANN is able to predict the geometrical parameters compared to true measured values with high accuracies and detect irregularities in input data.
Progesterone promotes immunomodulation and tumor development in the murine mammary gland (2021)

Together, these findings offer a novel mechanism of P4-driven mammary gland tumor development and provide rationale in investigating the usage of antiprogestin therapies to promote immune-mediated elimination of mammary gland tumors.
Physicochemical properties of proteins extracted from four new Tennessee soybean lines (2020)

Physicochemical properties of soy proteins extracted from check soybean cultivar 5601T and four new Tennessee soybean lines TN03-349, TN04-5321, TN08-002, and TN08-015 were compared. The protein extracted from 5601T had the lowest content of total protein and the lowest denaturation temperature and enthalpy (P < 0.05). The lowest solubility was observed at pH 5.0 for 5601T, TN04-5321, and TN03-349, while it was at pH 6.0 for the other two, which agreed with zeta-potential data. TN04-5321 and TN08-002 extract powder had a higher content of total protein than the other three (P < 0.05). The TN04-5321 extract was absent in an acidic glycinin subunit which may be the cause of its best gelation properties. Despite difficulties in correlating structure and functionality, it was noted that the gel formed from TN04-5321 with CaCl2 at pH 7 was 6 times stronger than that of 5601T, which may be significant to bean curd products.
Sources of Diversity in Bactobolin Biosynthesis by Burkholderia thailandensis E264 (2011)

A series of deletion mutants in the recently identified bactobolin biosynthetic pathway defined the roles of several key biosynthetic enzymes and showed how promiscuity in three enzyme systems allows this cluster to produce multiple products. Studies on the deletion mutants also led to four new bactobolin analogs that provide additional structure-activity relationships for this interesting antibiotic family.
Mechanism of hydrolysis of N-(1-aminoalkyl)amides (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of hydrolysis of N-(1-aminoalkyl)amidesG. Marc Loudon, Merrick Almond, and James N. JacobCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 15, 4508–4515Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00405a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00405a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GLEPP1/Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase ϕ Inhibitors Block Chemotaxis in Vitro and in Vivo and Improve Murine Ulcerative Colitis (2009)

We describe novel, cell-permeable, and bioavailable salicylic acid derivatives that are potent and selective inhibitors of GLEPP1/protein-tyrosine phosphatase . Two previously described GLEPP1 substrates, paxillin and Syk, are both required for cytoskeletal rearrangement and cellular motility of leukocytes in chemotaxis. We show here that GLEPP1 inhibitors prevent dephosphorylation of Syk1 and paxillin in resting cells and block primary human monocyte and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage chemotaxis in a gradient of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. In mice, the GLEPP1 inhibitors also reduce thioglycolate-induced peritoneal chemotaxis of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. In murine disease models, the GLEPP1 inhibitors significantly reduce severity of contact hypersensitivity, a model for allergic dermatitis, and dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis, a model for inflammatory bowel disease. Taken together, our data provide confirmation that GLEPP1 plays an important role in controlling chemotaxis of multiple types of leukocytes and that pharmacological inhibition of this phosphatase may have therapeutic use.
1.54-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser transmission at 2.5 Gb/s (1997)

We have demonstrated 2.5-Gb/s single-mode fiber-optic transmission using room temperature vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at 1.54 μm. The experiments were done over 60-km conventional single-mode fiber and over 75-km dispersion shifted fiber without optical amplification. Transmission over 200 km with one optical amplifier was also observed. Single-mode operation was demonstrated with a side-mode suppression-ratio of 50 dB under pseudo-random modulation. The maximum bandwidth was limited by parasitics to 4.7 GHz.
Absence of discontinuities in ion-channeling parameters forYBa2Cu3O7−δthin films (1997)

We have measured the ion-channeling minimum yield (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{min}}$) and angular width (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$) for Y, Ba, Cu, and O in 2000 \AA{} (001)-oriented films of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ on MgO. The measurements mapped out a 30 K region around the critical temperature (${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$) in 1--2 K steps, and ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ was determinednin situ. A $^{16}\mathrm{O}$(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\alpha}${)}^{16}$O resonance was used to study the O motions. ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ increases and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ decreases with increasing temperature for all elements, as expected for a smooth increase in vibration amplitude. We see no anomalous jumps in either parameter, which differs from previous reports on ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ bulk single crystals.
Rate of human motor adaptation under varying system dynamics (2011)

We explore the effects of parameters constituting a second order dynamic system on the rate of human motor adaptation while performing a rhythmic dynamic task. In our experiments, participants excite virtual second-order systems at resonance via a haptic interface. After overtraining subjects with a nominal system, we unexpectedly change the system parameters and study the resulting motor adaptation in catch trials. Through four experiment seatings, we demonstrate the effects of dynamic system parameters on human motor adaptation. Results indicate that gain and damping parameters significantly affect the rate of adaptation. In particular, as the effort required to complete the task increases, the rate of adaptation decreases, indicating a trade-off between task performance and the effort required to perform the task.
Infrared passbands from fractal slit patterns on a metal plate (2003)

We show that a fractal pattern of submicron wide slits, etched on a 0.1-μm-thick gold film, exhibit multiple pass and stop bands in the wavelength regime of 2–200 μm. In the midinfrared regime, the passbands show ∼36% transmission (three orders of magnitude higher than the reference), and the stop bands exhibit ∼80% reflection. In the far infrared regime, the passband transmittances are 25%, 29%, and 14%, respectively, at wavelengths of 34, 62, and 111 μm. These transmittances are rather high in view of the fact that supporting substrate is itself only about 40% transmitting, and a control pattern of holes with similar void-to-metal ratio is 3000 times less transmitting in all frequencies. We attribute the high transmittance from subwavelength slits to geometric resonances.
Adaptive scanning optical microscope: large field of view and high-resolution imaging using a MEMS deformable mirror (2008)

For a wide range of applications in biology, medicine, and manufacturing, the small field of view associated with high-resolution microscope systems poses a significant challenge in practice. To address this limitation, a novel optical microscope uses a micromachined MEMS deformable mirror working with a specially designed scan lens to achieve a two-order-of-magnitude increase in the field of view area. Called the adaptive scanning optical microscope ASOM, the deformable mirror in the ASOM is an integral component of the optical system and the static glass optical elements are specifically designed to match the shape correcting capabilities of the deformable mirror itself. After describing the design and operating principle of the ASOM, experimental results from a low-cost prototype are presented. It is shown how an image-based optimization method can be used to first calibrate the electrical voltages to the MEMS deformable mirror. And once calibrated, we show how the deformable mirror can be used in an open loop control approach for very fast operation during run time. The methods for calibration of a MEMS deformable mirror and basic control structures demonstrated form the basis for a range of emerging adaptive-opticsenabled technologies and instrumentation.
Interleaved echo planar imaging on a standard MRI system (1994)

This work describes an interleaved echo planar imaging (EPI) method for use on a standard whole body scanner. The data acquisition is divided into two to eight repetitions rather than one to two, as implemented by dedicated EPI systems. Interleaving allows the use of a lower sampling bandwidth with a significant increase in signal-to-noise. The method also has the advantages of relative ease of implementation, no need for postprocessing to remove image distortion, and no need for shimming on a case-by-case basis. The interleaved EPI method was applied to two applications ideally suited to EPI: breathhold T2-weighted abdominal imaging and functional imaging. In vivo liver-lesion contrast as measured in a 35-patient study showed increased contrast for the interleaved EPI by an average factor of 1.21 (+/- 0.34) over conventional spin-echo imaging. CNR measurements showed the EPI to be comparable with conventional spin echo with a relative factor of 1.00 (+/- 0.36). Functional imaging with an eight-shot interleaved EPI sequence provided 128 x 128 images of cerebral activation during bilateral finger tapping.
The hematopoietic toxicity of regional radiation therapy. Correlations for combined modality therapy with systemic chemotherapy (1985)

Using circulating granulocyte-monocyte precursor colony-forming units in culture (CFUc) numbers as a probe along with standard blood count (CBC), the authors have quantitatively examined the hematopoietic toxicity of conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (RT) when combined with concurrent systemic chemotherapy or when used alone. Among 20 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer receiving systemic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, CCNU, and methotrexate, the addition of involved field chest RT resulted in increased hematopoietic toxicity as judged by increased need for platelet transfusion (P less than 0.05) and decreased frequency of measurable CFUc (P less than 0.04). Among 22 patients receiving regional radiotherapy alone consistent hematopoietic toxicity was also observed. This toxicity, although generally of only mild to moderate clinical significance, was detected earlier and to a greater degree in patients who required radiation to larger treatment volumes, who had significant amounts of bone marrow in the port, and who had a high percentage of cardiac output flowing through the port. These data suggest that the hematopoietic toxicity of regional radiotherapy may be additive to that of concurrent systemic chemotherapy and may occur more promptly and to a greater degree when treatment volumes are larger or incorporate increased amounts of marrow volume or cardiac output.
A Highly Potent and Specific MET Therapeutic Protein Antagonist with Both Ligand-Dependent and Ligand-Independent Activity (2013)

Activation of the MET oncogenic pathway has been implicated in the development of aggressive cancers that are difficult to treat with current chemotherapies. This has led to an increased interest in developing novel therapies that target the MET pathway. However, most existing drug modalities are confounded by their inability to specifically target and/or antagonize this pathway. Anticalins, a novel class of monovalent small biologics, are hypothesized to be "fit for purpose" for developing highly specific and potent antagonists of cancer pathways. Here, we describe a monovalent full MET antagonist, PRS-110, displaying efficacy in both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent cancer models. PRS-110 specifically binds to MET with high affinity and blocks hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) interaction. Phosphorylation assays show that PRS-110 efficiently inhibits HGF-mediated signaling of MET receptor and has no agonistic activity. Confocal microscopy shows that PRS-110 results in the trafficking of MET to late endosomal/lysosomal compartments in the absence of HGF. In vivo administration of PRS-110 resulted in significant, dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in ligand-dependent (U87-MG) and ligand-independent (Caki-1) xenograft models. Analysis of MET protein levels on xenograft biopsy samples show a significant reduction in total MET following therapy with PRS-110 supporting its ligand-independent mechanism of action. Taken together, these data indicate that the MET inhibitor PRS-110 has potentially broad anticancer activity that warrants evaluation in patients.
SNR and Field Strength with Small Surface Coils (2023)

The increase in SNR with higher field strength is one of the main drivers for ultra high field MRI. Here, the sensitivity gain is determined for phantoms in five different fields between 3 T and 14.1 T, using identical small surface coils and correcting for all scanner specific influences. A strong, more than quadratic SNR gain with increasing field strength was found, which applies to many animal studies and to measurements with weakly loading samples.
Magnetic AC Impedance Analysis Method Using High-Tc SQUID Based Magnetic Measurement System (2016)

A new ac impedance analysis method that uses magnetic measurements was demonstrated. The magnetic field generated from the current flowing in the sample was detected by changing the frequency of the applied voltage. To detect the generated small magnetic field, a high-temperature superconductor superconducting quantum interference device (HTS-SQUID) based magnetic measurement system was developed. The developed system could detect the magnetic field without a change in the intensity and phase in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 kHz. In this frequency range, the spectrum correlated with the ac impedance of the electric circuit was obtained by measuring the magnetic field from the current in the circuit. Moreover, dye-sensitized solar cells with counter electrodes of different catalysis materials were prepared, and the magnetic field from the solar cell was measured. The Cole-Cole plot of the magnetic field correlated with the ac impedance measured by a conventional method, and the difference in the shape of Cole-Cole plot was explained using the equivalent circuit analysis of the dye-sensitized solar cell. Therefore, it was clarified that is possible to obtain the spectrum correlated with ac impedance using magnetic measurements.
SelfPose: 3D Egocentric Pose Estimation From a Headset Mounted Camera (2020)

We present a new solution to egocentric 3D body pose estimation from monocular images captured from a downward looking fish-eye camera installed on the rim of a head mounted virtual reality device. This unusual viewpoint leads to images with unique visual appearance, characterized by severe self-occlusions and strong perspective distortions that result in a drastic difference in resolution between lower and upper body. We propose a new encoder-decoder architecture with a novel multi-branch decoder designed specifically to account for the varying uncertainty in 2D joint locations. Our quantitative evaluation, both on synthetic and real-world datasets, shows that our strategy leads to substantial improvements in accuracy over state of the art egocentric pose estimation approaches. To tackle the severe lack of labelled training data for egocentric 3D pose estimation we also introduced a large-scale photo-realistic synthetic dataset. xR-EgoPose offers 383K frames of high quality renderings of people with diverse skin tones, body shapes and clothing, in a variety of backgrounds and lighting conditions, performing a range of actions. Our experiments show that the high variability in our new synthetic training corpus leads to good generalization to real world footage and to state of the art results on real world datasets with ground truth. Moreover, an evaluation on the Human3.6M benchmark shows that the performance of our method is on par with top performing approaches on the more classic problem of 3D human pose from a third person viewpoint.
1094-P: A Major Source of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin (2019)

Insulin requirement is highly dynamic, causing unpredictable reductions in insulin needs. Therefore, frequent dosage titration is needed to achieve and maintain therapy goals. Hypoglycemia is the primary risk in insulin management. We sought to determine if reductions in insulin requirements are associated with hypoglycemia frequency, by using data from a technology-based insulin titration service. To keep glycemia stable, the service adjusts insulin dosage at least weekly. Therefore, insulin dosage reacts quickly to both hyper- and hypo- glycemia, and as a result closely tracks insulin requirement. Outcome was defined as events of considerable and persistent decrease in insulin requirements as identified by reductions in daily dose ≥25%. Patients (N=246) were followed for 2.8±0.9 years. Insulin titrations occurred every 6.4±1.9 days. Considerable decrease in insulin requirement was experienced by 70.3% of the patients, every 15.0±7.5 months, lasted 10.0±7.7 weeks, and insulin requirements declined by 39.9%±12.6%. Hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;54mg/dl) occurred 6.0±7.2 times per year, and was 6.5 times more prevalent during reductions in insulin needs (Figure). In total, 39.9% of hypoglycemic events occurred during the 10.5% of time when insulin requirements declined. Substantial reduction in insulin needs explains a significant part of the hypoglycemic burden, which demands frequent titration to preserve treatment safety. Disclosure S.G. Bisgaier: Employee; Self; Hygieia. D.J. Isaman: Consultant; Self; Hygieia. E. Bashan: Employee; Self; Hygieia. I. Hodish: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Hygieia.
Preparation of 4-alkylprolines by intramolecular radical cyclization of chiral serine derivatives (1991)

N-Alkylation of the β-lactone derived from Boc-L-serine followed by ring opening with sodium benzeneselenoate provides chiral substrates which undergo intramolecular radical cyclization to afford cis/trans mixtures of 4-alkyl-L-prolines.