gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Integrity of Waste Package Final Closure for HLW Geological Disposal, (I) (2005)

Overpack, a high-level radioactive waste package for geological disposal, seals vitrified waste and in line with Japan's waste management program is required to isolate it from contact with groundwater for 1,000 years. In this study, based on the structure of carbon steel overpack presented in JNCs H12 Report, the basic requirements for welding and non-destructive examination methods presumed to be necessary to seal the overpack lid and to examine the weld, were investigated and categorized into two separate groups of technical and theoretical issues. Through discussions about these issues from the viewpoint of the long-term integrity required of the overpack, an incremental approach was identified consisting of (1) experimental study on applicability of welding and NDE methods, (2) introduction of evaluation methods for the obtained data, and (3) Presentation of promising methods for overpack final closure including lid structure, appropriate welding and NDE methods. This led to the provision of a methodology that would be able to ensure the duration of containment for the overpack final closure weld and is discussed in the conclusion of this paper, as the 1st report.
Advanced X-ray Detectors for Volumetric CT (2007)

The rapid evolution of X-ray computed tomography (CT) in the past decade, from single slice axial scanning to 256-slice helical imaging, was driven by remarkable progress in X-ray generation and detection and by continuously lower cost of high speed computation. In this paper, we present the characteristics of the X-ray detectors required for today's multi-slice CT scanners suitable for cardiac applications. In particular, the parametric requirements for isotropic, solid-state, scintillator based, X-ray detectors and their associated electronics used in volumetric CT imaging are described.
Optimized adhesives for strong, lightweight, damage-resistant, nanocomposite materials: new insights from natural materials (2006)

From our investigations of natural composite materials such as abalone shell and bone we have learned the following. (1) Nature is frugal with resources: it uses just a few per cent glue, by weight, to glue together composite materials. (2) Nature does not avoid voids. (3) Nature makes optimized glues with sacrificial bonds and hidden length. We discuss how optimized adhesives combined with high specific stiffness/strength structures such as carbon nanotubes or graphene sheets could yield remarkably strong, lightweight, and damage-resistant materials.
In vitro and in vivo hemocompatibility evaluation of a new dermatan sulfate-modified PET patch for vascular repair surgery (2016)

The development of new vascular devices requires to study the effects of materials on blood cells and on coagulation, both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have developed a new material by grafting dermatan sulfate (DS) from shark skin onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We have evaluated the haemocompatibility of PET-DS material in vitro by measuring thrombin generation, plasma recalcification time, hemolytic activity, and platelet adhesion and in vivo with a model of vascular patch in rat abdominal aorta. In vitro, our results have shown that PET-DS is a nonhemolytic material, able to inhibit thrombin generation and platelet adhesion. In vivo studies by Doppler echographic evaluation 20 days after implantation have shown that the PET-DS patch was integrated in the vessel wall and covered by a layer of cells. In conclusion, PET-DS has good haemocompatibility properties and could be a promising tool for vascular surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2001-2009, 2017.
Signal Acquisition and Tracking for Fixed Wireless Access Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (2004)

The general objective of this proposed research is to design and develop signal acquisition and tracking algorithms for multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems for fixed wireless access applications. The algorithms are specifically targeted for systems that work in time division multiple access and frequency division multiple access frame modes. In our research, we first develop a comprehensive system model for a MIMO-OFDM system under the influence of the radio frequency (RF) oscillator frequency offset, sampling frequency (SF) offset, RF oscillator phase noise, frequency selective channel impairments and finally the additive white Gaussian noise. We then develop the acquisition and tracking algorithms to estimate and track all these parameters. The acquisition and tracking algorithms are assisted by a preamble consisting of one or more training sequences and pilot symbol matrices. Along with the signal acquisition and tracking algorithms, we also consider design of the MIMO-OFDM preamble and pilot signals that enable the suggested algorithms to work efficiently.\n\nSignal acquisition as defined in our research consists of time and RF synchronization, SF offset estimation and correction, phase noise estimation and correction and finally channel estimation. Signal tracking consists of RF, SF, phase noise and channel tracking. Time synchronization, RF oscillator frequency offset, SF oscillator frequency offset, phase noise and channel estimation and tracking are all research topics by themselves. A large number of studies have addressed these issues, but usually individually and for single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM systems. In the proposed research we present a complete suite of signal acquisition and tracking algorithms for MIMO-OFDM systems along with Cramr-Rao bounds for the SISO-OFDM case. In addition, we also derive the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimates of the parameters for the SISO-OFDM case.\n\nOur proposed research is unique from the existing literature in that it presents a complete receiver implementation for MIMO-OFDM systems and accounts for the cumulative effects of all possible acquisition and tracking errors on the bit error rate (BER) performance. The suggested algorithms and the pilot/training schemes may be applied to any MIMO OFDM system and are independent of the space-time coding techniques that are employed.
Time Tandem Gait (TTG) in Athletes 7–16 Years of Age (2019)

<h3>Objective</h3> The goal of the present research was to provide updated normative TTG data for younger athletes and increase understanding of the reliability of the TTG. <h3>Background</h3> Imbalance is a hallmark sign of concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-3) suggests using the Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) or Timed Tandem Gait (TTG) to evaluate balance function. TTG instructions indicate that times &gt;14 seconds are abnormal as established in individuals between 16-37 years of age (Schneiders et al., 2010). Currently, there is a lack of normative data for the pediatric population. <h3>Design/Methods</h3> Pre-season TTG data were collected from 363 male and 20 female athletes with no active concussion complaints. The best TTG time out of 4 trials without errors was recorded. In addition, post-season data were collected for 107 male athletes. <h3>Results</h3> Results demonstrated a significant decrease in TTG time with age. Given this improvement, separate expected values were constructed: 7–8 years (21.4 +/− 7 s), 9–10 years (18.56 +/− 6 s), 11–12 years (18 +/− 5 s), 13–14 years (15.8 +/− 4 s), and 15–16 years (14.0 +/− 3 s). Analysis showed a significant improvement in TTG time over the season. Preliminary analysis shows no difference between baseline and post-concussion scores. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest that TTG time should be established annually. Future research will need to explore the expected amount of change in individuals with post-concussion imbalance.
High-speed and broadband electro-optic silicon switch with submilliwatt switching power (2011)

We present a 2×2 silicon electro-optic switch with a submilliwatt switching power (0.6 mW), a broad bandwidth (60 nm), and ultrafast speed (6 ns). Free-carrier injection Mach-Zehnder interferometers are employed.
Letter: vaccination for global control of hepatitis B—from prevention to elimination. Authorsʼ reply (2022)

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17120 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17213
Comparison of one-stage direct-to-implant with acellular dermal matrix and two-stage immediate implant-based breast reconstruction—a cohort study (2021)

The present study design sets limitations for drawing wide conclusions. This study did not reveal any significant differences between the two breast reconstructive techniques besides a higher risk of minor complications in the two-stage group, that did, however, not lead to a higher risk of implant loss. With equally high satisfaction with the aesthetic result and no significant difference in number of aesthetic corrections between the two groups we suggest, that the one-stage approach using ADM may be feasible and allows the patient to achieve an implant-based BR with a minimum of surgeries and outpatient visits. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04209010).
Bioengineering and Imaging Research Opportunities Workshop V: A white paper on imaging and characterizing structure and function in native and engineered tissues (2008)

The fifth Bioengineering and Image Research Opportunities Workshop (BIROW V) was held on January 18-19, 2008. As with previous BIROW meetings, the purpose of BIROW V was to identify and characterize research and engineering opportunities in biomedical engineering and imaging. The topic of this BIROW meeting was Imaging and Characterizing Structure and Function in Native and Engineered Tissues. Under this topic, four areas were explored in depth: (1) Heterogeneous single-cell measurements and their integration into tissue and organism models; (2) Functional, molecular and structural imaging of engineered tissue in vitro and in vivo; (3) New technologies for characterizing cells and tissues in situ; (4) Imaging for targeted cell, gene and drug delivery.
Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer mRNA Expression Signature Predicting Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy (2010)

98% of those with localized disease and 84% of those with spread to regional lymph nodes. Even for those diagnosed in the early 1980s, more than half are alive 20 years later. Clearly, women with breast cancer are living long enough to be vulnerable to death as a result of cardiovascular disease, which is still the number one cause of death among US women. In addition, there is some evidence that breast cancer treatments may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease or its antecedents. The risk of metabolic disease may be increased by treatment-induced estrogen deficiency, 21 and radiation may cause direct damage to the myocardium and coronary arteries. he study by Kwan et al 1 is important because it elucidates a mystery in the literature concerning lifestyle factors that affect breast cancer survival. Their data showed the expected decrease in survival when recurrence and breast cancer death were used as end points, and no decrease in overall survival with alcohol intake. Of interest, the cut point of 6.0 and 6.0 g/d used in the Kwan et al study falls squarely in the range of 5.0 to 14.9 g/d, which represented the optimum balance between increased breast cancer mortality and decreased cardiovascular mortality among initially healthy women in the Fuchs et al study. The fact that most previous studies of alcohol and breast cancer survival used total mortality as the end point explains the previous null results.
Diagnostics (2019)

Assertions are Boolean expressions that are expected to be true at a given point in the code. The assert macro of <cassert> is defined similar to
Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Fibrillation Associated With Long-QT and Brugada Syndromes (2003)

Triggers from the Purkinje arborization or the right ventricular outflow tract have a crucial role in initiating ventricular fibrillation associated with the long-QT and Brugada syndromes. These can be eliminated by focal radiofrequency ablation.
A More Effective Ceff for Slew Estimation (2007)

Accurate chip level timing analysis requires a careful modeling of interaction between logic drivers and interconnect wires. Existing static-timing analysis methodologies translate the actual loading and interconnect parasitics into a single effective capacitance. However, previous approaches to perform that translation capture the delay information only. They are not able to capture the slew information at the output of logic drivers, which results in unnecessary inaccuracy for static timing analysis. This paper presents a new accurate and simple closed-form approach to compute the effective capacitance and model the slew rate at the signal output more accurately. Our approach is especially suitable for the chip level timing analysis at the early stage of design.
In Ga N ∕ Ga N multi-quantum-well structures on (111)-oriented bonded silicon-on-insulator substrates (2005)

We report growth of InGaN∕GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on (111)-oriented bonded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Prior to MOCVD growth of MQWs, about a 1.2μm thick GaN layer was deposited on SOI substrate with a high-temperature transitional buffer layer. The growth conditions were tuned to realize blue-green emission peaks centered around 420–495nm from such MQWs on SOI. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and photoluminescence techniques were used to characterize these MQWs. Such an approach to realize multicolor light-emitting layers on SOI substrates is suitable for the integration of InGaN∕GaN-based optoelectronic structures on SOI-based micro-optoelectromechanical systems and sensors.
Cloning of an inflammation-specific phosphatidyl inositol-linked form of murine vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. (1993)

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily which interacts with the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA4). The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction mediates both adhesion and signal transduction and is thought to play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses in vivo. VCAM1 cDNAs cloned from mouse, rat, rabbit, and human libraries contain six, seven, or eight extracellular Ig-like domains generated by alternate splicing, but to date shorter forms have not been found. We have cloned a novel cDNA encoding only the three N-terminal domains of murine VCAM1 followed by a unique C-terminal tail generated by alternate splicing of a previously undescribed exon. This truncated form of murine VCAM1 (3D-VCAM1) is expressed in COS cells as a functional adhesion molecule which is lost from the cell surface following treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. 3D-VCAM1 is found only in endotoxin-treated but not control murine and rat tissues. Thus in rodents alternate splicing of the VCAM1 gene generates a unique truncated inflammation-specific phosphatidylinositol-linked form of VCAM1.
Interview: Interview with David Mangelsdorf for Personalized Medicine (2011)

David Mangelsdorf is Professor and Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas (TX, USA) where he holds the Beatrice and Miguel Elias Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Science and the Distinguished Chair in Pharmacology. He received his BSc in biology and chemistry from Northern Arizona University (AZ, USA) in 1981 and his PhD in biochemistry from the University of Arizona (AZ, USA) in 1987. He did his postdoctoral studies at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies (CA, USA; 1987-1993). David Mangelsdorf has also been an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (MD, USA) since moving to Dallas in 1993. His current research focuses on understanding the molecular basis of transcriptional signaling by nuclear hormone receptors and exploiting their ligand dependency to discover novel therapeutic options for fighting diseases such as atherosclerosis, gallstone disease, cholestasis, metabolic syndrome, cancer and infectious parasitic diseases. His research team recently discovered a correlation between the expression of two nuclear receptor proteins in non-small-cell lung cancer tissue samples with patients' clinical outcomes. The research features in PLoS Medicine and suggests that the nuclear receptor proteins could serve as therapeutic targets in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Audiodec: An Open-Source Streaming High-Fidelity Neural Audio Codec (2023)

A good audio codec for live applications such as telecommunication is characterized by three key properties: (1) compression, i.e. the bitrate that is required to transmit the signal should be as low as possible; (2) latency, i.e. encoding and decoding the signal needs to be fast enough to enable communication without or with only minimal noticeable delay; and (3) reconstruction quality of the signal. In this work, we propose an open-source, streamable, and real-time neural audio codec that achieves strong performance along all three axes: it can reconstruct highly natural sounding 48 kHz speech signals while operating at only 12 kbps and running with less than 6 ms (GPU)/10 ms (CPU) latency. An efficient training paradigm is also demonstrated for developing such neural audio codecs for real-world scenarios. Both objective and subjective evaluations using the VCTK corpus are provided. To sum up, AudioDec is a well-developed plug-and-play benchmark for audio codec applications.
Discrete-Fracture-Network Generation From Microseismic Data by Use of Moment-Tensor- and Event-Location-Constrained Hough Transforms (2015)

Summary Reservoir simulation and prediction of production associated with hydraulic-fracturing require the input of the fracture geometry and the fracture properties such as the porosity and retained permeability. Various methods were suggested and applied for deriving discrete fracture networks (DFNs) from microseismic data as a framework for modeling reservoir performance. Although microseismic data are the best diagnostics for revealing the volume of rock fractured, its incompleteness in representing the deformation induced presents a challenge to calibrate and represent complex fracture networks created and connected during hydraulic-fracture stimulation. We present an automated method to generate DFN models constrained by the microseismic locations and fracture plane orientations derived from moment-tensor analysis. We use a Hough-transform technique to find significant planar features from combinations of the microseismic source locations. We have modified the technique with an equal-probability voting scheme to remove an inherent bias for horizontal planes. The voting mechanism is a general grid search in the space of fracture strike, dip, and location (φ,θ,r, respectively) with grid-cell sizes scaled by uncertainty estimates of φ,θ,r. We constrain fracture orientations with weighting on the basis of the moment-tensor orientations of neighboring events and their associated uncertainties. With two case studies, we demonstrate that our automated technique can reliably extract the complex fracture network on the basis of good matches with the event-cloud trends and the input moment-tensor orientations. We also tested the sensitivity of the technique to event-location uncertainty. With increasing location uncertainty, the details of the fracture network extracted are diminished with events grouping to larger-scale features, but the general shape and orientation of the fracture network obtained are insensitive to the location uncertainty.
A partial pressure monitor and controller for stable ozone flow from a silica gel trap (1998)

A new ozone trapping system designed for safe and consistent delivery to a reaction vessel is described. Silica gel is used to trap the ozone because of its known safety advantages over traps that store ozone in liquid form. The new design is free of any liquid baths, such as freon or flammable solvents. A circuit design for monitoring and controlling the ozone partial pressure of 6–25 Torr is also described.
Automatically Determining Versions of Scholarly Articles (2017)

Background: Repositories of scholarly articles should provide authoritative information about the materials they distribute and should distribute those materials in keeping with pertinent laws. To do so, it is important to have accurate information about the versions of articles in a collection.Analysis: This article presents a simple statistical model to classify articles as author manuscripts or versions of record, with parameters trained on a collection of articles that have been hand-annotated for version. The algorithm achieves about 94 percent accuracy on average (cross-validated).Conclusion and implications: The average pairwise annotator agreement among a group of experts was 94 percent, showing that the method developed in this article displays performance competitive with human experts.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals time- and sex-specific responses of spinal cord microglia to peripheral nerve injury and links ApoE to neuropathic pain (2020)

Abstract Activation of microglia in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury is critical for the development of long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. However, it remains unknown whether distinct microglia subpopulations or states contribute to different stages of pain development and maintenance. We show, using single-cell RNA-sequencing, that nerve injury induces the generation of a male-specific inflammatory microglia subtype, and demonstrate increased proliferation of microglia in males as compared to females. We also show time- and sex-specific transcriptional changes in different microglial subpopulations following injury. Apolipoprotein E ( Apoe ) is the top upregulated gene in microglia at chronic time points after nerve injury in mice and polymorphisms in the APOE gene in humans are associated with chronic pain. Single-cell analysis of human spinal cord microglia reveals a subpopulation with a disease-related transcriptional signature. Our data provide a detailed analysis of transcriptional states of mouse and human spinal cord microglia, and identify a previously unrecognized role for ApoE in neuropathic pain.
Ensemble Methods for Classification in Cheminformatics (2004)

We describe the application of ensemble methods to binary classification problems on two pharmaceutical compound data sets. Several variants of single and ensembles models of k-nearest neighbors classifiers, support vector machines (SVMs), and single ridge regression models are compared. All methods exhibit robust classification even when more features are given than observations. On two data sets dealing with specific properties of drug-like substances (cytochrome P450 inhibition and "Frequent Hitters", i.e., unspecific protein inhibition), we achieve classification rates above 90%. We are able to reduce the cross-validated misclassification rate for the Frequent Hitters problem by a factor of 2 compared to previous results obtained for the same data set with different modeling techniques.