gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
o-Quinodimethane Generation from α,α′-Dihalo-o-xylenes by Use of Sodium Benzenetellurolate (1986)

Abstract Treatment of α,α′-dihalo-o-xylenes with sodium benzenetellurolate gave o-quinodimethane which readily reacted with dienophiles leading to Diels–Alder adducts. The best yields were obtained when the reaction was carried out in refluxing ethanol using two molar equivalents of the benzenetellurolate to α,α′-dihalo-o-xylenes. This reaction competes with substitution of the halogen atoms with the benzenetellurolate anion to afford α,α′-bis(phenyltelluro)-o-xylene, which did not give o-quinodimethane under identical conditions. It is likely that the reaction proceeds through nucleophilic attack of benzenetellurolate anion at the tellurium atom of α-halo-α′-phenyltelluro-o-xylene which is formed in situ by the substitution of one of the halogen atoms of the starting α,α′-dihalo-o-xylene with the benzenetellurolate anion. When sodium benzeneselenolate was employed, no evidence of o-quinodimethane formation was observed under similar conditions.
Analytical Approach for Enhancement of n-Channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Performance with Carbon-Doped Source/Drain Formed by Molecular Carbon Ion Implantation and Laser Annealing (2011)

Enhancement of n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (nMOSFET) performance with a carbon-doped source/drain (Si:C-S/D) was approached analytically for the first time. Si:C-S/D was formed by molecular carbon (C7Hx) ion implantation and laser annealing. C7Hx implantation forms a smooth interface between Si:C layers and Si substrates, and laser annealing also achieves a high carbon concentration of substitution. The channel strain with Si:C-S/D was successfully measured by UV Raman spectroscopy using a particular test pattern. The thick Si:C-S/D layer and the high carbon concentration of substitution produce a large strain at the channel region. It was confirmed that the performance of nMOSFETs is effectively improved by strained Si:C-S/D. These analytical approaches are quite valuable for promoting the development of strained nMOSFETs with Si:C-S/D.
mRNA vaccination compared to infection elicits an IgG-predominant response with greater SARS-CoV-2 specificity and similar decrease in variant spike recognition (2021)

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, new vaccine strategies including lipid nanoparticle delivery of antigen encoding RNA have been deployed globally. The BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shows 95% efficacy in preventing disease, but it is unclear how the antibody responses to vaccination differ from those generated by infection. Here we compare the magnitude and breadth of antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and endemic coronaviruses, in vaccinees and infected patients. We find that vaccination differs from infection in the dominance of IgG over IgM and IgA responses, with IgG reaching levels similar to those of severely ill COVID-19 patients and shows decreased breadth of the antibody response targeting endemic coronaviruses. Viral variants of concern from B.1.1.7 to P.1 to B.1.351 form a remarkably consistent hierarchy of progressively decreasing antibody recognition by both vaccinees and infected patients exposed to Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens.
Intense Focused Ultrasound (2008)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Focused ultrasound can produce thermal and/or mechanical effects deep within tissue. We investigated the capability of intense focused ultrasound to induce precise and predictable subepidermal thermal damage in human skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmortem human skin samples were exposed to a range of focused ultrasound pulses, using a prototype device (Ulthera Inc.) emitting up to 45 W at 7.5 MHz with a nominal focal distance of 4.2 mm from the transducer membrane. Exposure pulse duration ranged from 50 to 200 ms. Thermal damage was confirmed by light microscopy using a nitroblue tetrazolium chloride assay, as well as by loss of collagen birefringence in frozen sections. Results were compared with a computational model of intense ultrasound propagation and heating in tissue. RESULTS Depth and extent of thermal damage were determined by treatment exposure parameters (source power, exposure time, and focal depth). It was possible to create individual and highly confined lesions or thermal damage up to a depth of 4 mm within the dermis. Thermal lesions typically had an inverted cone shape. A precise pattern of individual lesions was achieved in the deep dermis by applying the probe sequentially at different exposure locations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Intense focused ultrasound can be used as a noninvasive method for spatially confined heating and coagulation within the skin or its underlying structures. These findings have a significant potential for the development of novel, noninvasive treatment devices in dermatology.
Extremely Nondegenerate Two-photon Absorption Enhancement in Quantum Well (QW) Semiconductors (2015)

We present a theoretical study of extremely nondegenerate two-photon absorption in direct-gap quantum well semiconductors. We predict large enhancement in nondegenerate two-photon absorption for TM-TM polarized light over bulk semiconductors.
Surface Structures of an Amphiphilic Tri-Block Copolymer in Air and in Water Probed Using Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy (2010)

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to investigate surface structures of an amphiphilic surface-active block copolymer (SABC) film deposited on a CaF(2) substrate, in air and in water in situ. Developed as a surface-active component of an antifouling coating for marine applications, this amphiphilic triblock copolymer contains both hydrophobic fluorinated alkyl groups as well as hydrophilic ethoxy groups. It was found that surface structures of the copolymer film in air and in water cannot be probed directly using the SFG experimental geometry we adopted because SFG signals can be contributed from the polymer/air (or polymer/water) interface as well as the buried polymer/CaF(2) substrate interface. Using polymer films with varied thicknesses, structural information about the polymer surfaces in air and in water can be deduced from the detected SFG signals. With SFG, surface restructuring of this polymer has been observed in water, especially the methyl and methylene groups change orientations upon contact with water. However, the hydrophobic fluoroalkyl group was present on the surface in both air and water, and we believe that it was held near the surface in water by its neighboring ethoxy groups.
Second- or third-line nivolumab (Nivo) versus nivo plus ipilimumab (Ipi) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients: Results of the IFCT-1501 MAPS2 randomized phase II trial. (2017)

LBA8507 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstracts.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 5, 2017, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2017, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Brain Region–Specific Degeneration with Disease Progression in Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (CLN2 Disease) (2016)

This study demonstrates that CLN2 causes differential rates of degeneration across the brain. Anatomic and functional regions that degenerate sooner and more severely than others compared with those in healthy controls may offer targets for directed therapies. The information gained may also provide neurobiologic insights regarding the mechanisms underlying disease progression.
Cancer-associated hypersialylated MUC1 drives the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages with a pathogenic phenotype (2020)

Abstract The tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role in the growth and progression of cancer and the presence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies show that TAMs show transcriptomic, phenotypic, functional and geographical diversity. Here we show that a sialylated tumour-associated glycoform of the mucin MUC1, MUC1-ST, through the engagement of Siglec-9 can specifically and independently induce the differentiation of monocytes into TAMs with a unique phenotype. These TAMs can recruit and maintain neutrophils, inhibit the function of T cells, degrade basement membrane allowing for invasion, are inefficient at phagocytosis, and can induce plasma clotting. This novel macrophage phenotype is enriched in the stroma at the edge of breast cancer nests and their presence is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Spatially Modulated Proton Minibeams Results in the Same Increase of Lifespan as a Uniform Target Dose Coverage in F98-Glioma-Bearing Rats (2020)

Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a new approach in proton radiotherapy, by which a significant increase in the therapeutic index has already been demonstrated in RG2 glioma-bearing rats. In the current study we investigated the response of other types of glioma (F98) and performed a comparative evaluation of tumor control effectiveness by pMBRT (with different levels of dose heterogeneity) versus conventional proton therapy. The results of our study showed an equivalent increase in the lifespan for all evaluated groups (conventional proton irradiation and pMBRT) and no significant differences in the histopathological analysis of the tumors or remaining brain tissue. The reduced long-term toxicity observed with pMBRT in previous evaluations at the same dose suggests a possible use of pMBRT to treat glioma with less side effects while ensuring the same tumor control achieved with standard proton therapy.
AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 (2006)

In commercial deployments Mobile IPv6 can be a service offered by a
Mobility Services Provider (MSP). In this case all protocol operations
may need to be explicitly authorized and traced, requiring the
interaction between Mobile IPv6 and the AAA infrastructure.
Integrating the AAA infrastructure offers also a solution component
for Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping in integrated and split scenarios. This
document describes various scenarios where a AAA interface for Mobile
IPv6 is actually required. Additionally, it lists design goals and
requirements for such an interface.
On the Relative Soundness of the Free Algebra Model for Public Key Encryption (2005)

Formal systems for cryptographic protocol analysis typically model cryptosystems in terms of free algebras. Modeling the behavior of a cryptosystem in terms of rewrite rules is more expressive, however, and there are some attacks that can only be discovered when rewrite rules are used. But free algebras are more efficient, and appear to be sound for “most” protocols. In [J. Millen, “On the freedom of decryption”, Information Processing Letters 86 (6) (June 2003) 329–333] Millen formalizes this intuition for shared key cryptography and provides conditions under which it holds; that is, conditions under which security for a free algebra version of the protocol implies security of the version using rewrite rules. Moreover, these conditions fit well with accepted best practice for protocol design. However, he left public key cryptography as an open problem. In this paper, we show how Millen's approach can be extended to public key cryptography, giving conditions under which security for the free algebra model implies security for the rewrite rule model. As in the case for shared key cryptography, our conditions correspond to standard best practice for protocol design.
Conducting Polymers–Thylakoid Hybrid Materials for Water Oxidation and Photoelectric Conversion (2018)

Abstract Methods and materials to manage interfaces between organelles and nonbiological functional materials have the potential to impart organelles with new and enhanced functions. Here, a hybrid bio‐photoelectrochemical system is designed by incorporating a cationic poly(fluorene‐ co ‐phenylene) conducting polymer (PFP) and thylakoids onto electrodes. PFP plays a critical role in boosting the efficiency of light energy conversion from the overall photoelectrochemical response. The positively charged side chains of PFP promote electrostatic binding with thylakoids, thereby improving the interfacial contact to the charge‐collecting electrode. Furthermore, the optical absorption band of PFP is complementary to the absorption profile of thylakoids. Light utility efficiency is therefore increased through a process of energy transfer. Moreover, the redox potential of PFP matches well with that of the protein complexes in electron transport chain, which facilitates electron‐transfer process from thylakoids to electrode. This combination of effects leads to a greater than 200% increase in the efficiency of water oxidation to oxygen. Under white light irradiation (350–800 nm, 50 mW cm −2 ), the photoelectric response of PFP/thylakoid electrode exhibits a photocurrent density of 1246 ± 41 nA cm −2 , which is enhanced by approximately four times compared to that of the electrode modified only with thylakoid.
<title>Modeling heads from uncalibrated video sequences</title> (1998)

We show that we can effectively fit a very complex facial animation model to uncalibrated video sequences, without benefit of targets, structured light or any other active device. Our approach is based on regularized bungle-adjustment followed by least-squares minimization using a set of progressively finer control triangulations. It takes advantage of three complementary sources of information: stereo data, silhouette edges and 2-D feature points. In this way, complete head models can be acquired with a cheap and entirely passive sensor, such as an ordinary video camera. They can then be fed to existing animation software to produce synthetic sequences.
A Machine Learning Approach to Combining Individual Strength and Team Features for Team Recommendation (2014)

In IT strategic outsourcing businesses, it is critical to have competent deal teams design competitive service solutions and swiftly respond to clients' requests for proposals. In this paper we present a general team recommendation framework for finding the best deal teams to pursue such engagement opportunities. Little previous work on team recommendations considers both individual and team-level features at the same time. Our proposed framework can take into account diverse individual and team features, and accommodate various cost or feature functions. We introduce a team quality metric based on a weighted linear combination of these features, the weights of which are learned using a machine learning approach by leveraging historical project outcomes. A combinatorial optimization algorithm is finally applied to search the possible solution space for the approximate best team. We report a preliminary evaluation of our framework by applying it to real-world data from strategic outsourcing businesses at a large IT service company. We also compare our approach with other existing work by using the public DBLP dataset for recommending teams in academic paper authoring.
Genetic and epigenetic strategies for advancing ovarian cancer immunotherapy (2019)

The low response rate of OC to current immune checkpoint therapies may be due to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of the disease. The application of genetic and epigenetic agents can pave the way for overcoming this barrier in OC immunotherapy.
Optical design and analysis of a polarimeter for space applications (2004)

Satellite-based remote sensing offers the best opportunity for studying the properties of atmospheric aerosols and their radiative effects on the global scale over extended periods Tropospheric aerosols represent the largest uncertainty in predicting the radiative forcing of climate (IPCC, 2001). A key question is whether atmospheric aerosols contribute to warming or cool the climate system. Since the sign of direct radiative forcing is controlled by the ability of aerosol particles to absorb light, the information on the single scattering albedo of different aerosol types and its variations with aerosol lifecycles is clearly very desirable. Furthermore, the wavelength-dependent values of single scattering albedo from the UV to IR are important in retrieving aerosol optical depth from satellites passive remote sensing and for climate modeling. We describe the design of a space-borne polarimeter that was derived from the key science requirements. The performance of this candidate polarimeter, operating in the UV/VIS/NIR spectral regions, is described. The optical design form and various optical performance parameters, including transmittance calculations of the polarimeter’s spectral channels showing the “leakage” of polarization states, as well as the degree of polarization as function of wavelength and field of view are presented for the various wavelength regions. An overview of the instrument performance and driving operational parameters is presented.
Elements of a sensorimotor theory compatible with experiments (1985)

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A New Class of Sky-Blue-Emitting Ir(III) Phosphors Assembled Using Fluorine-Free Pyridyl Pyrimidine Cyclometalates: Application toward High-Performance Sky-Blue- and White-Emitting OLEDs (2013)

Two pyrimidine chelates with the pyridin-2-yl group residing at either the 5- or 4-positions are synthesized. These chelates are then utilized in synthesizing of a new class of heteroleptic Ir(III) metal complexes, namely [Ir(b5ppm)2(fppz)] (1), [Ir(b5bpm)2(fppz)] (2), [Ir(b4bpm)2(fppz)] (3), and [Ir(b5bpm)(fppz)2] (4), for which the abbreviations b5ppm, b5bpm, b4bpm, and fppz represent chelates derived from 2-t-butyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine, 2-t-butyl-5-(4-t-butylpyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine, 2-t-butyl-4-(4-t-butylpyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine, and 3-trifluoromethyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl) pyrazole, respectively. The single crystal X-ray structural analyses were executed on 1 to reveal their coordination arrangement around the Ir(III) metal element. The 5-substituted pyrimidine complexes 1, 2, and 4 exhibited the first emission peak wavelength (λmax) located in the range 452-457 nm with high quantum yields, whereas the emission of 3 with 4-substituted pyrimidine was red-shifted substantially to longer wavelength with λmax = 535 nm. These photophysical properties were discussed under the basis of computational approaches, particularly the relationship between emission color and the relative position of nitrogen atoms of pyrimidine fragment. For application, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were also fabricated using 2 and 4 as dopants, attaining the peak external quantum, luminance, and power efficiencies of 17.9% (38.0 cd/A and 35.8 lm/W) and 15.8% (30.6 cd/A and 24.8 lm/W), respectively. Combining sky blue-emitting 2 and red-emitting [Os(bpftz)2(PPh2Me)2] (5), the phosphorescent white OLEDs were demonstrated with stable pure-white emission at CIE coordinate of (0.33, 0.34), and peak luminance efficiency of 35.3 cd/A, power efficiency of 30.4 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency up to 17.3%.
Wavelength‐division‐multiplexing (WDM)‐based integrated electronic–photonic switching network (EPSN) for high‐speed data processing and transportation (2018)

Abstract Integrated photonics offers attractive solutions for realizing combinational logic for high‐performance computing. The integrated photonic chips can be further optimized using multiplexing techniques such as wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM). In this paper, we propose a WDM‐based electronic–photonic switching network (EPSN) to realize the functions of the binary decoder and the multiplexer, which are fundamental elements in microprocessors for data transportation and processing. We experimentally demonstrate its practicality by implementing a 3–8 (three inputs, eight outputs) switching network operating at 20 Gb/s. Detailed performance analysis and performance enhancement techniques are also given in this paper.
Booster of mRNA-1273 Strengthens SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Neutralization (2021)

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is raising concerns because of its increased transmissibility and potential for reduced susceptibility to antibody neutralization. To assess the potential risk of this variant to existing vaccines, serum samples from mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients were tested for neutralizing activity against Omicron and compared to neutralization titers against D614G and Beta in live virus and pseudovirus assays. Omicron was 41-84-fold less sensitive to neutralization than D614G and 5.3-7.4-fold less sensitive than Beta when assayed with serum samples obtained 4 weeks after 2 standard inoculations with 100 μg mRNA-1273. A 50 μg boost increased Omicron neutralization titers and may substantially reduce the risk of symptomatic vaccine breakthrough infections.
Distribution of a Novel Protein AgK114 Expression in the Normal Tissues of Adult Mice : Dual Expression of AgK114 and Growth Hormone in Anterior Pituitary Cells (2005)

The novel antigen K114 (AgK114) has been previously identified in normal hamster skin, and its expression has been up-regulated accompanying tissue damages of the skin, although there is no information on its biological functions. To determine the physiological role of AgK114, we prepared anti-mouse AgK114 monoclonal antibody and studied its tissue distribution in healthy adult mice by immunocytochemistry. A widespread and unique expression of AgK114 peptide was found in the selected organs of various systems (hair follicle cells and sebaceous gland of skin, ciliated epithelial cells of trachea and bronchial tube, striated portion of submandibular gland, distal convoluted tubule cells of kidney, ciliated epithelial cells of oviduct, medulla of adrenal gland and anterior lobe of pituitary gland). Interestingly, dual expression of AgK114 peptide and growth hormone in somatotrophs was found in anterior lobe of pituitary gland by double immunocytochemistry. AgK114 peptide was expressed widely in many regionally well-defined cellular systems in various peripheral tissues, suggesting that AgK114 peptide may have some roles of physiological functions in these organs. The data from our current study have provided a rationale for further studies of functional roles of AgK114 peptide in a variety of organs or tissues under physiological conditions.
Pediatric Tracheal Reconstruction Using Cadaveric Homograft (2011)

Tracheal reconstruction using cadaveric homograft is an option in children who have undergone multiple airway surgical procedures and present with long-segment stenoses that cannot be bridged using conventional methods. These patients must receive close postoperative follow-up. Subsequent procedures are almost always required before decannulation, and eventual decannulation rates are only 60%. Decannulation rates are lower in older patients who have previously undergone many procedures and require a long tracheal homograft.
All optical encoder using optical delay (2002)

A novel concept for an all optical absolute position encoder whose sensing unit uses only passive elements is presented. Optical delay fiber loops are used to multiplex sensing channels. The device can be interrogated from a distant location using a single optical fiber which can be several kilometers long. Absolute position encoding is achieved by analog modulation of light intensity with well studied multiple slit patterns.