gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Compensation of Array Element Pattern of Collinear Dipole Array Sensor (2005)

A compensation method of the array element pattern is proposed to measure EM field distribution on an observation plane located several wavelengths away from electronic devices in a short time. Numerical and experimental data of the 3 and 5 element collinear dipole array sensors are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Effects of ageing and smoking on pulmonary computed tomography scans using parametric response mapping (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease often caused by cigarette smoke, and characterised by inflammation and abnormalities of the large and small airways ( i.e. those with an internal diameter <2 mm), as well as by alveolar destruction (emphysema). Recent evidence suggests that small airway disease precedes emphysema [1] and, therefore, it may be useful to identify the presence and extent of small airway disease and emphysema in early COPD, or preferably, even before the onset of disease. Parametric response mapping can distinguish small airway disease, emphysema and parenchymal disease on pulmonary CT <http://ow.ly/Neuw6> The authors thank Jennifer Boes (Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) for optimising the registration algorithm used for the PRM analysis.
F-1119 Evaluation of Temperatures in Heat-sealed Areas of Liquid Packing Bags Made of Plastic Films (2001)

The temperatures on the surfaces of heat-sealed areas in liquid packaging bags made of laminated plastic films (e.g., nylon, polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene) were measured to investigate the effects of temperatures of heat-sealing plates and film feed rates on the heat-seal quality of films in heat-sealed areas, which was evaluated on the basis of whether separation between heat-sealed films is present. Thermal images were taken immediately after heat sealing using an infrared thermography technique at heat-sealing temperatures in the range of 100 to 190℃ and at film feed rates in the range of 10 to 20m/min in an automatic packaging machine. In addition, the temperatures of the heat-sealed areas were analyzed by finite-element analysis. The results revealed that the distributions of temperatures on the surfaces of the heat-sealed areas could be used to evaluate the heat-seal quality.
RNAi-Mediated Inhibition of Tmprss6 Elevates Hamp1 Expression and Reduces Serum Iron Levels in Mice (2011)

Abstract Abstract 1045 The liver hormone Hepcidin (encoded by Hamp1) regulates serum iron levels by controlling the efflux of iron from intestinal enterocytes and macrophages. Maintaining sufficient iron levels to support erythropoiesis while preventing iron overload requires tight control of Hepcidin expression. Transcription of Hamp1 in hepatocytes is stimulated by high serum iron levels, via Transferrin Receptor signaling, as well as by activation of the BMP/SMAD pathway. The membrane serine protease Matriptase-2 (encoded by Tmprss6) inhibits BMP induced Hamp1 induction through the regulation of the BMP co-receptor, Hemojuvelin. In humans, loss of function mutations in TMPRSS6 lead to elevated Hepcidin levels resulting in iron-resistant iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA). In diseases associated with iron overload, such as Thalassemia intermedia (TI) and Familial Hemochromatosis (FH), Hepcidin levels are low despite elevated serum iron concentrations. Studies in murine models of TI and FH have shown that elevating Hepcidin levels by genetic inactivation of Tmprss6 can prevent iron overload and correct aspects of the disease phenotype. Therefore, therapeutic strategies aimed at specifically inhibiting Tmprss6 expression could prove efficacious in these, and other, iron overloading diseases. Here we show that systemic administration of a potent lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulated siRNA directed against Tmprss6 leads to durable inhibition of Tmprss6 mRNA in the mouse liver, with concomitant elevation of Hamp1 expression. This leads to significant decreases in serum iron concentration and Transferrin saturation, along with changes in hematologic parameters consistent with iron restriction. Further testing in mouse genetic models of TI and FH will support the rationale for developing LNP formulated Tmprss6 siRNA as a novel therapeutic modality. Disclosures: Toudjarska: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Cai:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Racie:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Milstein:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Bettencourt:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Hettinger:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Sah:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Vaishnaw:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Bumcrot:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment.
Effects of bradykinin on intestinal transcapillary fluid exchange (1981)

Bradykinin (50 micrograms.L-1) increases intestinal lymph flow sixfold when infused intraarterially into the cat ileum. The capillary filtration coefficient and capillary pressure increase and interstitial fluid pressure rises from negative to positive values. A slight increase in lymph:plasma protein concentration occurs with a resulting fall in the transcapillary oncotic pressure gradient. These results indicate that the effect of bradykinin on intestinal lymph flow is attributable, at least in part, to increased capillary pressure, exchange vessel surface area, and a reduction in the effective transcapillary oncotic pressure gradient.
Phenotypic Reversion Induced by Anthracyclines in ras Oncogene-Expressed Cells; Structure-Activity Relationships. (1994)

Several antitumor anthracyclines, including those in preclinical stages, were examined for their action in reversing tumorous phenotypes of H- or K-ras 3T3 cells (NIH3T3 cells transformed by human H- or K-ras oncogene) into normal phenotypes, such as flattened cell morphology, anchorage dependent cell growth, etc. (referred to as anti-ras activity). The study elucidated relationships between the chemical structure of anthracyclines and the anti-ras activity. The human tumor cell line T24, which has a mutated H-ras gene, responded to the anthracyclines, as did K- or H-ras 3T3 cells, in respect to the phenotypic alterations. Pirarubicin was more than 4 times as active as aclarubicin in inhibiting the growth of solid tumors of K-ras 3T3 cells in nude mice, possibly reflecting a difference in anti-ras activity between the two antibiotics.
COOLING CONCEPTS FOR A FAMILY OF SMALL, HEAVY-FUEL ROTARY ENGINES FOR USE IN AUXILIARY POWER UNITS (2014)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Military Ground Vehicle electric power demands continue to grow as new mission equipment is added. Using an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) consumes less fuel than restarting the main engine frequently to charge batteries.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To meet the rising demand for powerful, L-3 Combat Propulsion Systems is developing a family of heavy-fuel rotary engines. Rotary engines offer superior power density making them a good choice for applications that require high power in a limited space. Heavy fuel capability simplifies logistical challenges in the field.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;However, rotary engines have unique cooling challenges. Unlike a piston engine, the intake, compression, expansion, and exhaust events all take place at their respective fixed positions around the circumference of the rotor housing, leading to large temperature differences around the housing. The cooling system must be carefully developed to minimize these temperature differences in an effort to control thermal deformation, minimize thermal stress, and retain material strength.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of a single-fluid cooling concept compared (oil) to a dual-fluid cooling concept (oil and water-ethylene glycol).&lt;/p&gt;
Amplifying AIGaInAs/InP waveguide optical isolator with 99 dB/cm non-reciprocal propagation (2005)

Significant advance of the state-of-the-art performance of a TM-mode amplifying optical waveguide isolator, operating at 1300nm wavelength, has been achieved. The magnetooptical Kerr effect induces non-reciprocal modal absorption in a semiconductor optical amplifier with a magnetized ferromagnetic metal contact. Current injection in the active structure compensates the loss in the forward propagation direction. Monolithic integration of this isolator with active photonic devices is straightforward. The improvement comes from the combination of a novel AlGaInAs/InP active material, the metal alloy Co50Fe50 and modification of the device fabrication. Design, fabrication and characterization are presented.
Chelating Diamide Group IV Metal Olefin Polymerization Catalysts (2001)

The novel group IV metal chelating diamide complexes [(2,6-diisopropylanilido)B(NMe2)B(NMe2)(2,6-diisopropylanilido)]MX2, 7a (M = Ti, X = Cl), 7b (M = Ti, X = Me), and 8 (M = Zr, X = CH2Ph), have been prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C{H} NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis (7a). These complexes are active polymerization catalysts upon combining with the appropriate activator. The catalyst efficiencies, however, are considerably lower than those of Cp-based catalysts. The molecular weights of the polymers produced are activator dependent, and the polydispersities were found to be broader than those observed for Cp-based single-site catalytic systems.
Development, Validation, and Modeling of the New Cast Steel Yielding Brace System (2012)

The cast steel Yielding Brace System (YBS) is a new device for enhanced seismic performance of concentrically braced frames that is characterized by its full, symmetric stable and repeatable hysteretic response and its large ductility capacity. The YBS system is comprised of two specially designed cast steel connectors that are welded to one end of each diagonal brace in a building's lateral force resisting system. The axial force in the brace is transferred to the lower beam-column joint through triangular-shaped flexural yielding fingers. In order to develop the YBS concept and successfully design and test a full-scale prototype several small scale tests were conducted on specimens similar to the yielding fingers of the YBS. The result of this test series was an experimentally validated low-cycle fatigue prediction model using the Coffin-Manson relationship and Minor's rule. This prediction model was used to design a full-scale YBS prototype with a nominal brace yield load of 250 kips (1110kN). The prototype was full-scale tested in a frame to simulate actual in-situ boundary conditions with a pseudo-dynamic test protocol derived from Appendix T of AISC 341. In addition, a non-linear cyclic model was developed to predicted the cyclic response of the YBS and enable the modeling of an entire building equipped with this device. This model was validated through comparison with the full-scale prototype tests.
Compressed Channel Estimation for Point-to-Point Millimeter-Wave Communications (2019)

In this paper, a compressed sensing based channel estimation is proposed for point-to-point where the single-carrier waveform is used over the millimeter-wave spectrum. The key idea of the proposed scheme referred to as randomly sampled channel impulse recovery (RS-CIR), is to estimate channel impulse response based on randomly selected time-domain pilot samples transmitted in a localized portion of the ultra-wide millimeter-wave bandwidth. As a result of RS-CIR, channel information of full bandwidth can be acquired from compressed sensing without having to take the measurement on the entire bandwidth. From the numerical evaluations, it is observed that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional channel estimation schemes under the situation of sharp beamforming or line-of-sight condition in terms of estimation accuracy, achieving significant pilot reduction.
Atmospheric extinction of stellar radiation in the optical domain (2000)

The attenuation of stellar radiation by the Earth's atmosphere is very different depending on which wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum is involved. In this work we describe a basic experiment that allowed us to determine the atmospheric transparency at different wavelengths corresponding to the optical range of stellar radiation, by means of what is known as Bouguer's law. By measuring the changes in the apparent luminosity of a relatively bright star in its path across the sky, we determined the extinction coefficients and, hence, the atmospheric transparency for several wavelengths, by employing different photometric filters. The low cost of the experimental set-up offers very interesting possibilities for its educational use.
Characterization of Insulin Receptor Substrate 4 in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells (1998)

We recently cloned IRS-4, a new member of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family. In this study we have characterized IRS-4 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, where it was originally discovered. IRS-4 was the predominant insulin-elicited phosphotyrosine protein in these cells. Subcellular fractionation revealed that about 50% of IRS-4 was located in cellular membranes, and immunofluorescence indicated that IRS-4 was concentrated at the plasma membrane. Immunoelectron microscopy conclusively established that a large portion of the IRS-4 was located at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane in both the unstimulated and insulin-treated states. IRS-4 was found to be associated with two src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Grb2, the adaptor to the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras. On the other hand, no significant association was detected with two other SH2 domain proteins, the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 and phospholipase Cgamma. Insulin-like growth factor I acting through its receptor was as effective as insulin in eliciting tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-4, but interleukin 4 and epidermal growth factor were ineffective.
Observation of Two Excited Bc+ States and Measurement of the Bc+(2S) Mass in pp Collisions at s=13  TeV (2019)

Signals consistent with the B_{c}^{+}(2S) and B_{c}^{*+}(2S) states are observed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, in an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 143 fb^{-1}, collected by the CMS experiment during the 2015-2018 LHC running periods. These excited b[over ¯]c states are observed in the B_{c}^{+}π^{+}π^{-} invariant mass spectrum, with the ground state B_{c}^{+} reconstructed through its decay to J/ψπ^{+}. The two states are reconstructed as two well-resolved peaks, separated in mass by 29.1±1.5(stat)±0.7(syst) MeV. The observation of two peaks, rather than one, is established with a significance exceeding five standard deviations. The mass of the B_{c}^{+}(2S) meson is measured to be 6871.0±1.2(stat)±0.8(syst)±0.8(B_{c}^{+}) MeV, where the last term corresponds to the uncertainty in the world-average B_{c}^{+} mass.
Versatile α,ω‐Disubstituted Tetrathienoacene Semiconductors for High Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2011)

Abstract Facile one‐pot [1 + 1 + 2] and [2 + 1 + 1] syntheses of thieno[3,2‐ b ]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐ d ]thiophene (tetrathienoacene; TTA) semiconductors are described which enable the efficient realization of a new TTA‐based series for organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). For the perfluorophenyl end‐functionalized derivative DFP‐TTA , the molecular structure is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This material exhibits n‐channel transport with a mobility as high as 0.30 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and a high on‐off ratio of 1.8 × 10 7 . Thus, DFP‐TTA has one of the highest electron mobilities of any fused thiophene semiconductor yet discovered. For the phenyl‐substituted analogue, DP‐TTA , p‐channel transport is observed with a mobility as high as 0.21 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . For the 2‐benzothiazolyl (BS‐) containing derivative, DBS‐TTA , p‐channel transport is still exhibited with a hole mobility close to 2 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Within this family, carrier mobility magnitudes are strongly dependent on the semiconductor growth conditions and the gate dielectric surface treatment.
Genetic Impact on Uric Acid Concentration and Hyperuricemia in the Japanese Population (2012)

Our results confirm that 6 common uric acid variant loci are reproducible in Japanese. Further investigation is warranted to efficiently use the knowledge about genetic factors in combination with modifiable risk factors when we decide an individual's treatment strategy for hyperuricemia.
Dynamics of telechelic ionomers. Can polymers diffuse large distances without relaxing stress ? (1993)

We consider dynamics of entangled telechelic ionomers in the limit of strong association, where there are no free chain ends. Stress relaxation occurs in such a system by an exchange between pairs of chain ends in the associated state. For complete relaxation of stress, an exchange event must take place on every entanglement strand. However, diffusion can occur on an arbitrarily shorter time scale, leading to the interesting result that chains can diffuse distances many times their coil size without relaxing stress.
Oxidative Addition of Hexafluoroacetone, Perfluorinated 1,2-Diketones and Tetrachloro-O-Benzoquinone to Compounds of Low-Valent Phosphorus-New Modes of Addition and Unusual Products (1996)

Abstract The reaction of hexafluoroacetone (HFA) with the benzoxazaphosphorinone 1 leads to the λ5-oxazaphosphepinone 2. In several cases unusual products, 3, 8 - 14, 16, and 17, were isolated in the reactions of 1, 4 - 7, and 15 with HFA, tetrachloroorthobenzoquinone (TOB) and perfluorinated 1,2-diketones. X-Ray crystal structure analyses were carried out for the derivatives 2, 3, and 8 - 10.
The Tolerance of Gut Commensal Faecalibacterium to Oxidative Stress Is Strain Dependent and Relies on Detoxifying Enzymes (2023)

Obligate anaerobic bacteria in genus <i>Faecalibacterium</i> are among the most dominant taxa in the colon of healthy individuals and contribute to intestinal homeostasis. A decline in the abundance of this genus is associated with the occurrence of various gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. In the colon, these diseases are accompanied by an imbalance between the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress is closely linked to disruptions in anaerobiosis. In this work, we explored the impact of oxidative stress on several strains of faecalibacteria. An <i>in silico</i> analysis of complete genomes of faecalibacteria revealed the presence of genes encoding O<sub>2</sub>- and/or ROS-detoxifying enzymes, including flavodiiron proteins, rubrerythrins, reverse rubrerythrins, superoxide reductases, and alkyl peroxidase. However, the presence and the number of these detoxification systems varied greatly among faecalibacteria. These results were confirmed by O<sub>2</sub> stress survival tests, in which we found that strains differed widely in their sensitivity. We showed the protective role of cysteine, which limited the production of extracellular O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> and improved the survival of Faecalibacterium longum L2-6 under high O<sub>2</sub> tension. In the strain <i>F. longum</i> L2-6, we observed that the expression of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes was upregulated in the response to O<sub>2</sub> or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> stress but with different patterns of regulation. Based on these results, we propose a first model of the gene regulatory network involved in the response to oxidative stress in <i>F. longum</i> L2-6. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Commensal bacteria in the genus <i>Faecalibacterium</i> have been proposed for use as next-generation probiotics, but efforts to cultivate and exploit the potential of these strains have been limited by their sensitivity to O<sub>2</sub>. More broadly, little is known about how commensal and health-associated bacterial species in the human microbiome respond to the oxidative stress that occurs as a result of inflammation in the colon. In this work, we provide insights regarding the genes that encode potential mechanisms of protection against O<sub>2</sub> or ROS stress in faecalibacteria, which may facilitate future advances in work with these important bacteria.
Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy (1997)

Lexical ambiguity is one of the most intractable problems facing language processing studies and, not surprisingly, it is at the core of research in lexical semantics. The papers in this collection constitute not just a set of diverse yet related articles in this core area of research, but rather make up a unique collection of work on the relationship between logical polysemy, sense extension, and discourse structure. Each paper addresses the following questions: what is the representation of a lexical item such that it may assume different senses? What is it about the representation of a lexical item that gives rise to sense extensions and to the phenomenon of logical polysemy? Three major subthemes run through the papers: the role of pragmatics and discourse in lexical disambiguation; the analysis of logical polysemy as a compositional process; and the treament of sense extension and referential transfer phenomena.
The TosMIC Approach to 3‐(Oxazol‐5‐yl) Indoles: Application to the Synthesis of Indole‐Based IMPDH Inhibitors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical, General Three‐Component Coupling Approach to Prostaglandin and Non‐Prostaglandin‐Related Skeleta. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improving Stability of Low-Inertia Systems using Virtual Induction Machine Synchronization for Grid-Following Converters (2021)

This paper presents a novel strategy for the synchronization of grid-following Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) in power systems with low rotational inertia. The proposed synchronization unit is based on emulating the physical properties of an induction machine and capitalizes on its inherent grid-friendly properties such as self-synchronization, oscillation damping, and standalone capabilities. To this end, the mathematical model of an induction machine is analyzed and reformulated to obtain the unknown grid frequency by processing the voltage and current measurements at the converter output. This eliminates the need for a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) unit, traditionally employed in grid-following VSC control schemes, while simultaneously preserving the system- and device-level control. Furthermore, we provide the appropriate steps for obtaining an index-1 DAE representation of the induction-machine-based synchronization unit, suitable for stability analysis. Our analysis shows that replacing the PLL unit with the virtual induction machine-based synchronization may considerably improve the stability of systems with grid-following converters and facilitate the frequency containment. Furthermore, we validate the performance of the proposed synchronization unit through simulations and provide recommendations for its tuning.