gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo modeling for implantable fluorescent analyte sensors (2000)

A Monte Carlo simulation of photon propagation through human skin and interaction with a subcutaneous fluorescent sensing layer is presented. The algorithm will facilitate design of an optical probe for an implantable fluorescent sensor, which holds potential for monitoring many parameters of biomedical interest. Results are analyzed with respect to output light intensity as a function of radial distance from source, angle of exit for escaping photons, and sensor fluorescence (SF) relative to tissue autofluorescence (AF). A sensitivity study was performed to elucidate the effects on the output due to changes in optical properties, thickness of tissue layers, thickness of the sensor layer, and both tissue and sensor quantum yields. The optical properties as well as the thickness of the stratum corneum, epidermis, (tissue layers through which photons must pass to reach the sensor) and the papillary dermis (tissue distal to sensor) are highly influential. The spatial emission profile of the SF is broad compared that of the tissue fluorescence and the ratio of sensor to tissue fluorescence increases with distance from the source. The angular distribution of escaping photons is more concentrated around the normal for SF than for tissue AF. The information gained from these simulations will be helpful in designing appropriate optics for collection of the signal of interest.
In situ x-ray diffraction study of Ni–Yb interlayer and alloy systems on Si(100) (2009)

The phase formation in the ternary Ni/Yb/Si system was studied for Ni–Yb alloy and interlayer structures on Si(100) substrates using in situ x-ray diffraction measurements. Yb was treated as an alloying element in the Ni–Si system with Yb concentrations varying between 0 and 40 at. % of the Ni concentration. Independent of the initial structure of the sample, a Ni–Si or Ni–Yb compound was detected first which suggests that Ni is the dominant diffusing species during the solid state reactions. No pure Yb silicides were identified but a ternary phase (YbNi2Si2) formed in all samples after the Si atoms became mobile. Information about the distribution of the phases throughout the thin silicide film was obtained using ex situ Rutherford backscattering analysis. Independent of the Yb concentration, the NiSi phase formed at the substrate interface. As a result, the immobile Yb atoms shifted toward the sample surface and no detectable amount of Yb atoms was left at the Ni-silicide/Si interface after annealing.
2013 Statistics for Global Prescription Medications: CNS Therapeutics Maintain a Leading Position among Small Molecule Therapeutics (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXT2013 Statistics for Global Prescription Medications: CNS Therapeutics Maintain a Leading Position among Small Molecule TherapeuticsCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2014, 5, 4, 250–251Publication Date (Web):April 16, 2014Publication History Published online16 April 2014Published inissue 16 April 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cn500063vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cn500063veditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1344Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (201 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals,Small molecules,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
Trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, strongly suppresses growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (2003)

In cells with an altered p53 gene, the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1), a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, can be induced by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors via a p53-independent pathway, which may play a critical role in arrest of cell growth. Accordingly, HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A (TSA) have potential utility in pancreatic cancer, as most of these tumors possess mutations in p53, which in fact is the main cause of chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil. We have analyzed the effect of TSA on the proliferation of nine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, all containing a mutated p53 gene. TSA strongly inhibited the cellular growth of all these cell lines at submicromolar concentrations. The cellular mechanisms underlying this effect consisted of cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase and apoptotic cell death. The expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) normally induced at the transcriptional level by p53 was also strongly activated by TSA. These findings suggest that inhibitors of HDAC may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Liquid-Injection MOCVD of ZrO2 Thin Films using Zirconium Bis(diethlyamido)-bis(di-tert-butylmalonato) as a Novel Precursor (2006)

The stabilization of highly reactive amide complexes of zirconium diethylamide with malonates as chelating ligands leads to a stable six-coordinated monomeric complex which shows promise for CVD applications. This novel precursor, zirconium bis-(diethylamido)bis(di-tert-butylmalonato) zirconium, [Zr(NEt2)2(dbml)2], has been characterized and tested in a production-type MOCVD reactor for ZrO2 thin-film deposition. Up to 450 °C, the ZrO2 films are amorphous, and above 475 °C films they are crystalline. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows a lower roughness (∼2.5Å) for as-deposited amorphous films compared to crystalline films (∼6.0 Å); however, smooth crystalline films can be obtained by post-deposition annealing of amorphous films. Electrical properties are investigated for Pt/ZrO2/SiOx/Si capacitor structures. Relative dielectric permittivity reaches a bulk value of 24, and leakage currents for typically 4 nm thick films are below 10–4 A cm–2 at a bias of –1 V. Hence, the precursor shows promising properties for possible application in the deposition of high-k gate oxide (MIS) and high-k dielectric (MIM) structures.
A gene regulation system with four distinct expression levels (2006)

This system shows that a promoter can be adjusted to different activities and provides an excellent strategy to investigate protein dosage effects.
Polarization of an exciton in a ZnO layer using a split gate potential (2003)

In this paper we focus on structural and optical transitions of an exciton in a Zinc Oxide (ZnO) layer, which could be widely controlled by a split gate potential. We have solved the exciton problem by a self-consistent Schr\"odinger-Poisson technique, where the Hamiltonian includes the boundary conditions for the split gate structure. The gate voltage creates a paraboliclike potential, which at a typical threshold voltage separates or polarizes the exciton strongly. This sharp structural transition brings the exciton from being strongly correlated with a large overlap to a regime where the correlation is very small (with small overlap). The resulting structure for the exciton at negative gate voltages is a structure where the hole is located like a ring around a dotlike electron. For positive values of the gate voltage the situation is opposite. We have especially studied the ground-state binding energy and the optical transitions of the exciton. We found that the ground-state energy for ZnO could be tuned and the decrease of the ground-state energy can be as large as the double of the bulk exciton energy (60 meV for ZnO) with a gate voltage of $\ensuremath{-}5\mathrm{V}.$ The ground-state energy is almost constant for small values of the gate voltage but at a typical threshold voltage (approximately $\ensuremath{-}2\mathrm{V})$ the energy suddenly changes and becomes linear with the gate voltage. We also analyze the lifetime for the exciton, which is shown to increase from nanoseconds to beyond milliseconds. This was shown to be an effect of the small overlap between the hole and the electron when the gate voltage increased above the threshold voltage. Stimulated by the long lifetime of the ground state of the exciton we also calculated the optical transition frequency and the corresponding oscillator strength for the transition between the ground state and the dominating excited (self-consistent) exciton states. The transition frequency was found to occur in the THz region and the oscillator strength in the range of 0.3--0.4 for gate voltages between $\ensuremath{-}2\mathrm{V}$ and $\ensuremath{-}5\mathrm{V}.$ In addition, we have also analytically described polarization and especially total charge densities for excitons in small linear electric fields.
Type-handling in bit-true silicon compilation for DSP (1989)

The behavioural description of a DSP algorithm consists of a signal flow graph, i.e. a list of operations on variables defined by their numerical types. The authors show the impact of numerical types on the automated architectural synthesis of application specific ICs for DSP and how type information can be used to come up with an efficient ASIC architecture. The term bit-true silicon compilation is defined and exemplified with the new CATHEDRAL-2nd synthesis system. In particular the alignment and multiplexer-input minimization tasks, which are strongly related with type-handling, is discussed in detail and exemplified. >
DÉTERMINATION DES SALINITÉS DES EAUX DANS LE SOUS‐SOL DU ZUIDERZEE PAR PROSPECTION GÉOPHYSIQUE* (1955)

Abstract The paper describes the determination of the chlorine content of deep ground water by means of the direct resistivity method using the Wenner electrode configuration. The purpose was to investigate the distribution of salinity in the brackish waters within a permeable sand of thickness 250 metres and which forms the deeper subsoil of the Ysselmeer areas. Such a knowledge is of great value, firstly because the seepage of salt water into the proposed deep “polders” may reduce the crop yield, and secondly because it allows areas, where potable waters may occur, to be delineated. To test the method, measurements were made near existing boreholes which extended to a depth of 350 metres. From these borings water samples from various depths were collected and it was found that the resistivity p l of the porewater was closely related to their chlorine content. The resistivity p of the saturated sand was determined from the geo‐electrical measurements. It was found that the resistivity p was given by p = 4, 5 p l . From this relation, which is independent of the salinity, the chlorine content of the porewater could be estimated. These results are in close agreement with those of other observers. In the area p varied from 1 to 200 ohmmetres corresponding to a chlorine content changing from 12.000 to 15 mg per litre. The method was adapted for working over water. Each of fourteen insulated conductors in a special cable terminated in an electrode, and these electrodes were spaced along the cable so that nine different Wenner spacings could be selected. The electrode separations varied from 44 metres up to 306 metres.
Development of a combination chemotherapy program for adult acute leukemia: CAM and CAM-L (1973)

A combination chemotherapy program for the treatment of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) was devised on the basis of theoretical considerations and experimental evidence that a combination of cell cycle-nonspecific and cell cycle-specific agents should be used for induction therapy. The drugs, cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, and methotrexate, were given as once-weekly pulses until marrow hypoplasia or remission was attained. Complete marrow remissions were achieved in 7 out of 14 patients with AML and 5 out of 8 patients with ALL. Toxicity from the combination was tolerable, although occasionally severe. The induction program compares favorably with other induction regimens in adult acute leukemia, but the short remissions underscore the need for the design of new approaches to improve maintenance therapy.
KRAS-mediated upregulation of CIP2A promotes suppression of PP2A-B56α to initiate pancreatic cancer development (2023)

Oncogenic mutations in KRAS are present in approximately 95% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are considered the initiating event of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) precursor lesions. While it is well established that KRAS mutations drive the activation of oncogenic kinase cascades during pancreatic oncogenesis, the effects of oncogenic KRAS signaling on regulation of phosphatases during this process is not fully appreciated. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in suppressing KRAS-driven cellular transformation. However, low PP2A activity is observed in PDAC cells compared to non-transformed cells, suggesting that suppression of PP2A activity is an important step in the overall development of PDAC. In the current study, we demonstrate that KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> induces the expression of both an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A activity, Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), and the PP2A substrate, c-MYC. Consistent with these findings, KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> sequestered the specific PP2A subunit responsible for c-MYC degradation, B56α, away from the active PP2A holoenzyme in a CIP2A-dependent manner. During PDAC initiation <i>in vivo</i>, knockout of B56α promoted KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> tumorigenesis by accelerating acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and the formation of PanIN lesions. The process of ADM was attenuated <i>ex vivo</i> in response to pharmacological re-activation of PP2A utilizing direct small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs). Together, our results suggest that suppression of PP2A-B56α through KRAS signaling can promote the MYC-driven initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Where Photovoltaics Meets Microelectronics (2012)

The PV industry has to systematically reduce its manufacturing cost in order to reach grid parity for the main markets in the coming decade. Crystalline Si solar cells are dominating presently the PV-market and this dominance is expected to continue for at least the next decade. Industrial production at a cost of 1$/Wp for crystalline Si solar cells has been announced for 2011. Increasing cell efficiencies is a prominent pathway in view of the strong leverage on costs of materials in the module fabrication sequence. In order to further reduce $/Wp costs, eventually down to the 0.5 $/Wp level, it is clear that the dominant position of crystalline Si solar cells on the market was partially achieved thanks to the existing knowledge and equipment base within the context of micro(nano)-electronics, although the cost drivers in both cases are principally different: cost/functionality reduction for microelectronics versus cost/Wp for photovoltaics. In order to achieve the ambitious goals stated higher, it makes sense to have a closer look how the process and analysis toolbox available in the microelectronics area can be used at the benefit of the further development of crystalline Si-based photovoltaic devices. The use of a nanotechnology toolbox is however not limited to crystalline Si solar cells. Also fields like concentrator PV (CPV) might take profit from developments in the domain of photonics enabled by the technological capabilities developed within micro(nano)electronics. The present paper gives an overview of a number of approaches being followed in IMEC to use the broad nanotechnology toolbox of microelectronics and microsystems for crystalline Si solar cells.
Impact of industrial production system parameters on chicken microbiomes: mechanisms to improve performance and reduce Campylobacter (2020)

Overall, our results show that microbial communities in different industrial production systems are deterministic in elucidating the underlying biological confounders, and these recommendations are transferable to farm practices and diet manipulation leading to improved performance and better intervention strategies against Campylobacter within the food chain. Video Abstract.
A New Hybrid Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Two Different Rotor Sections (2017)

In this paper, a new hybrid permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor with two-part rotor is proposed. The new motor is composed of surface mounted and interior magnet rotor segments on a stepped skewed shaft. The hybrid topology has wider constant power speed ratio than conventional surface mounted PM motors with relatively the same torque density. No-load and on-load finite-element analyses (FEA) are performed independently for both surface PM and interior PM synchronous motor. Superposition of the results is gathered to obtain the actual performance of the hybrid motor. The 2-D FEA results with skewed models are also performed at the final stage of the design. A prototype motor is manufactured and experimental results are obtained. Good agreement is observed between the simulations and test data for the proposed motor.
Mushroom-mesa GaAs/In<inf>0.5</inf>Ga<inf>0.5</inf>P based laser power converter for simultaneous 10 Gbit/sec data detection and DC electrical power generation (2012)

We demonstrate a novel high-speed GaAs/In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> P based laser power converter with under-cut mesa to minimize junction capacitance. Under near turn-on voltage (+0.8 V), high-speed (10Gbit/sec) data detection with ∼20% power generation efficiency can be achieved.
Synthesis of 2-azaestratrienes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-azaestratrienesRobert J. Chorvat and Raphael PappoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 17, 2864–2870Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00879a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00879a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Access to Different Nanostructures via Self‐Assembly of Thiourea‐Containing PEGylated Amphiphiles (2013)

Readily water-soluble PEGylated amphiphiles containing bis-thiourea-based molecular recognition units at the interface of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks are developed. Self-assembly of these amphiphiles is found to be dependent on the exact chemical composition of the hydrophobic component. Elongated, spherical, and disk-like micelles are formed with the change in hydrophobic group from stearyl (2A), oleyl (2B), and dodecanol (2C), respectively. The length of the rod-like elongated micelles formed by 2A could be tuned by thermal treatment as well. Synthesis and detailed structural characterization of these amphiphiles by TEM, DSC, synchrotron SAXS techniques are reported. Organic solvent-free direct aqueous encapsulation of doxorubicin, an anticancer drug into these nanostructures is demonstrated.
Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions (2023)

A method for reactivating a solid alkylation catalyst is provided which can be performed within a reactor that contains the alkylation catalyst or outside the reactor. Effective catalyst reactivation is achieved whether the catalyst is completely deactivated or partially deactivated. A fluid reactivating agent is employed to dissolve catalyst fouling agents and also to react with such agents and carry away the reaction products. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with the fluid reactivating agent under pressure and temperature conditions such that the fluid reactivating agent is dense enough to effectively dissolve the fouling agents and any reaction products of the fouling agents and the reactivating agent. Useful pressures and temperatures for reactivation include near-critical, critical, and supercritical pressures and temperatures for the reactivating agent. The fluid reactivating agent can include, for example, a branched paraffin containing at least one tertiary carbon atom, or a compound that can be isomerized to a molecule containing at least one tertiary carbon atom.
Diode-biased AC-coupled ECL-to-CMOS interface circuit (1993)

A full CMOS emitter-coupled logic (ECL)-to-CMOS voltage level converter has been developed. A diode-biased AC-coupled circuit is used to convert digital signals from ECL to CMOS voltage levels for use in digital data transmission. This technique makes the receiver insensitive to variations in input signal noise and offset voltage with no substantial penalties in conversion delay. The circuit can be used to retrofit all-CMOS systems to a bipolar ECL environment and to benefit from the reduction of chip-to-chip delays using small-signal transmission-line networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermoelectric effect in laser annealed printed nanocrystalline silicon layers (2007)

Abstract Nanocrystalline boron and phosphorus doped silicon particles were produced in a microwave reactor, collected, and dispersed in ethanol. Pulsed laser annealing of spin‐coated films of these particles resulted in p‐ and n‐type conductive layers on flexible substrates if a threshold laser energy density of 60 mJ/cm 2 was exceeded. The thermopower of the laser sintered layers exhibits a distinct maximum at a doping concen‐ tration around 10 19 cm –3 for both boron and phosphorus doping with an absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient of about 300 µV/K. Since the thermal conductivity of the layers is reduced by nearly the same factor compared to bulk crystalline silicon as the electrical conductivity, these results are promising for the application of such nanocrystalline layers in thin film thermoelectric devices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)