gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Inference with Posterior Regularization and applications to Infinite Latent SVMs (2012)

Existing Bayesian models, especially nonparametric Bayesian methods, rely on specially conceived priors to incorporate domain knowledge for discovering improved latent representations. While priors can affect posterior distributions through Bayes' rule, imposing posterior regularization is arguably more direct and in some cases more natural and general. In this paper, we present regularized Bayesian inference (RegBayes), a novel computational framework that performs posterior inference with a regularization term on the desired post-data posterior distribution under an information theoretical formulation. RegBayes is more flexible than the procedure that elicits expert knowledge via priors, and it covers both directed Bayesian networks and undirected Markov networks whose Bayesian formulation results in hybrid chain graph models. When the regularization is induced from a linear operator on the posterior distributions, such as the expectation operator, we present a general convex-analysis theorem to characterize the solution of RegBayes. Furthermore, we present two concrete examples of RegBayes, infinite latent support vector machines (iLSVM) and multi-task infinite latent support vector machines (MT-iLSVM), which explore the large-margin idea in combination with a nonparametric Bayesian model for discovering predictive latent features for classification and multi-task learning, respectively. We present efficient inference methods and report empirical studies on several benchmark datasets, which appear to demonstrate the merits inherited from both large-margin learning and Bayesian nonparametrics. Such results were not available until now, and contribute to push forward the interface between these two important subfields, which have been largely treated as isolated in the community.
PSA Prodrug-Based Multimodality Agents for Imaging Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2010)

Abstract : The purpose of this work is to prepare and test a series of PSA binding prodrugs which contain both a fluorescent and radioactive group which can bind to enzymaticly active PSA in the vicinity of the tumor where the polar peptide portion is cleaved producing a lipophilic cleavage product which intercalates in the cell membrane of the tumor and nearly cells. In this period we made progress in the synthesis of iodinated and radioiodinated fluorescent PSA prodrugs and PSA cleavage products. In particular we were able to introduce the acid labile tributyl tin moiety needed to incorporate the radioiodine into the molecule towards the end of the synthetic route.
Switching Mode and Mechanism in Binary Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory Using Ni Electrode (2013)

Resistive-switching (RS) modes in different CMOS-compatible binary oxides have been shown to be governed by the interplay with the Ni top electrode. Unipolar RS and metallic low-resistance state in polycrystalline HfO 2 and ZrO 2 are distinct from the preferential bipolar RS and semiconductive low-resistance state in amorphous Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 . Backside secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has shown the formation of Ni filaments in HfO 2 , in contrast to the formation of oxygen-vacancy filaments in Al 2 O 3 . The differences have been explained by strong dependence of Ni migration on the oxide crystallinity. Additionally, the RS mode can be further tailored using bilayer structures. The oxide layer next to the Si bottom electrode and its tendency of forming Ni filaments play significant roles in unipolar RS in the bilayer structures, in support of the conical-shape Ni filament model where the connecting and rupture of filaments for unipolar RS occur at the smallest diameter near the bottom electrodes.
Challenges in Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (2021)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173422/1/13300_2021_Article_1164.pdf
Estimating parsimonious models of longitudinal causal effects using regressions on propensity scores (2013)

Parsimony is important for the interpretation of causal effect estimates of longitudinal treatments on subsequent outcomes. One method for parsimonious estimates fits marginal structural models by using inverse propensity scores as weights. This method leads to generally large variability that is uncommon in more likelihood-based approaches. A more recent method fits these models by using simulations from a fitted g-computation, but requires the modeling of high-dimensional longitudinal relations that are highly susceptible to misspecification. We propose a new method that, first, uses longitudinal propensity scores as regressors to reduce the dimension of the problem and then uses the approximate likelihood for the first estimates to fit parsimonious models. We demonstrate the methods by estimating the effect of anticoagulant therapy on survival for cancer and non-cancer patients who have inferior vena cava filters.
Effect of brain specific deletion of PPARγ on puberty onset, hypothalamic gene expression and diet induced obesity (DIO) in C57BL/6 mice (2012)

Proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands have been used for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. We created a neuronal‐specific deletion of PPARγ (BKO) by crossing a floxed PPARγ mouse to a Synapsin‐cre mouse and assessed the effect of the gene deletion on reproduction. Male and female BKO mice exhibited reduced litter sizes; females also showed elevated pituitary LHβ mRNA and serum LH levels and hemorrhagic corpora lutea with reduction of primary and secondary follicles in the ovary. Male BKO mice also showed increased tubular degeneration in the testis. Female BKO mice did not exhibit alterations in the onset of puberty, nor did we observe alterations in hypothalamic GnRH in proestrus or estrus, or Kiss1 and TRH mRNA in estrus. We have previously published that BKO male mice are resistant to diet‐induced obesity (DIO) and leptin‐sensitive. Female BKO and control littermates do not show differences in their fasting basal glucose levels or glucose tolerance tests when fed normal chow, similar to the male BKO mice. The effects of DIO on reproduction are being assessed by putting BKO and control mice on a 60% high‐fat diet or a 10% fat control diet, and we will present data on glucose and leptin sensitivity, as well as basal and GnRH‐stimulated gonadotropin levels and estrous cyclicity to further understand the role of brain PPARγ in modulating reproduction. Supported by NIH grant U54HD12303.
Chemical model for a mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase by heterocyclic compounds. Electronic effects on acetal hydrolysis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical model for a mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase by heterocyclic compounds. Electronic effects on acetal hydrolysisRichard B. Silverman and Charles Z. DingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11, 4571–4576Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00064a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of pregnant occupant crash exposure and the potential effectiveness of four-point seatbelts in far side crashes. (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to present the crash exposure patterns of pregnant occupants and to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint systems, including four-point seatbelts, in far side crashes. The NASS CDS database revealed that 53.0 % of pregnant occupants are exposed to frontal crashes while 13.5 % are exposed to far side impacts. Given that far side crashes were the second leading crash mode after frontal impacts, a previously validated MADYMO computer model of a 30 week pregnant occupant was utilized to investigate pregnant occupant biomechanics in far side crashes. Three impact speeds (5, 15, and 25 mph) were simulated with four restraint conditions: unbelted, lap-belt only, three-point belt, and a four-point belt. Direct abdominal contact from the shoulder strap of the three-point or four-point belt caused uterine-placental strain in contrast to the inertial loading induced strain in the lap-belt and unbelted cases. Overall, the three-point and four-point belt systems provide superior restraint effectiveness for the pregnant occupant compared to the lap-belt and no restraint cases. The four-point resulted in slightly better performance than the three-point belt by reducing the fetal injury risk and occupant excursion.
Biocompatibility of Delrin 150: A creep‐resistant polymer for total joint prostheses (1985)

A thermoplastic polymer, Delrin 150 (polyoxymethylene homopolymer), with creep resistance ten times that of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, is used as a material for total joint prostheses. A study was made of the local and systemic host response to this polymer when implanted in three different mammalian species. 316 LC stainless steel was used as a control. The materials were implanted into muscle and bone as solid cylinders. A total of 446 samples were implanted into 74 animals. The duration of implantation ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years. A semi-quantitative evaluation of local tissue reaction was performed. For each implant, 16 histological criteria were graded for severity of host tissue reaction. The liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and lungs from each animal were also studied for evidence of systemic toxicity. The polymer implants exhibited a mild tissue reaction with the same characteristics as the control. Local tumor formation, bone osteolysis, and surrounding muscle necrosis were not seen. No pathological changes compatible with systemic toxicity by Delrin 150 were observed in the study of the organs. Delrin 150 in solid form did not exhibit local or systemic toxicity and is therefore biocompatible by this study. Powder implantation studies should be performed to simulate tissue response to wear particles.
Behavior Planning of Autonomous Cars with Social Perception (2019)

Autonomous cars have to navigate in dynamic environment which can be full of uncertainties. The uncertainties can come either from sensor limitations such as occlusions and limited sensor range, or from probabilistic prediction of other road participants, or from unknown social behavior in a new area. To safely and efficiently drive in the presence of these uncertainties, the decision-making and planning modules of autonomous cars should intelligently utilize all available information and appropriately tackle the uncertainties so that proper driving strategies can be generated. In this paper, we propose a social perception scheme which treats all road participants as distributed sensors in a sensor network. By observing the individual behaviors as well as the group behaviors, uncertainties of the three types can be updated uniformly in a belief space. The updated beliefs from the social perception are then explicitly incorporated into a probabilistic planning framework based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). The cost function of the MPC is learned via inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). Such an integrated probabilistic planning module with socially enhanced perception enables the autonomous vehicles to generate behaviors which are defensive but not overly conservative, and socially compatible. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is verified in simulation on an representative scenario with sensor occlusions.
Acylation and Related Reactions under Microwaves. 5. Development to Large Laboratory Scale with a Continuous-Flow Process (2001)

Iron(III) chloride-catalyzed Friedel−Crafts acylation and sulfonylation of aromatics have been carried out using a continuous-flow microwave (MW) reactor. The MW applicator is a monomode waveguide fitted with power and temperature controls. The flow-through system operates at atmospheric pressure, and homogeneous conditions were ensured by using an excess of the aromatic. Factors that influence the reaction yield (MW power, ratio and flow rate of reactants) were optimized for two different types of substrate, two polar aromatic ethers, anisole (1) and phenetole (2), and a nonpolar arene, mesitylene (3). Although the energy yield was mainly influenced by the nature of the aromatic, the temperature necessary to achieve a high yield was reached in all cases. Methoxybenzophenone (7), 4-chloroethoxybenzophenone (8), and mesityl phenyl sulfone (9) were obtained from 1−3 and the corresponding acid chloride in 85−95% yield with a 1.2 L h-1 flow rate.
A synthetic modular approach for modeling the role of the 3D microenvironment in tumor progression (2015)

Here, we demonstrate the flexibility of peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels for modeling tumor progression. The PEG hydrogels were formed using thiol-ene chemistry to incorporate a matrix metalloproteinase-degradable peptide crosslinker (KKCGGPQG↓IWGQGCKK) permissive to proteolytic remodeling and the adhesive CRGDS peptide ligand. Tumor cell function was investigated by culturing WM239A melanoma cells on PEG hydrogel surfaces or encapsulating cells within the hydrogels, and either as monocultures or indirect (non-contact) cocultures with primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs). WM239A cluster size and proliferation rate depended on the shear elastic modulus for cells cultured on PEG hydrogels, while growth was inhibited by coculture with hDFs regardless of hydrogel stiffness. Cluster size was also suppressed by hDFs for WM239A cells encapsulated in PEG hydrogels, which is consistent with cells seeded on top of hydrogels. Notably, encapsulated WM239A clusters and single cells adopted invasive phenotypes in the hDF coculture model, which included single cell and collective migration modes that resembled invasion from human melanoma patient-derived xenograft tumors encapsulated in equivalent PEG hydrogels. Our combined results demonstrate that peptide-functionalized PEG hydrogels provide a useful platform for investigating aspects of tumor progression in 2D and 3D microenvironments, including single cell migration, cluster growth and invasion.
Use of the TLR2 ligand polysaccharide krestin to maximize conventional cancer therapy (2017)

The HER2+ breast cancer subtype accounts for 20–30% of cases and represents a particularly aggressive form of breast cancer. As this type of breast cancer is dependent on the HER2 receptor for prol...
Chemistry and crystal structure of leprolomin, a novel diphenyl ether from the lichen Psoroma leprolomum (1978)

The isolation and structural elucidation of 3'-(2''-acetyl-3''-hydroxy- 5''-methoxy-4''-methylphenoxy)-2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-5'- methylacetophenone (leprolomin) (12), an unusual lichen metabolite probably derived biogenetically by C-O phenolic coupling of two units of C-methylphloroacetophenone, is reported. Spectroscopic data on leprolomin and its derivatives allowed the structure to be limited to six possibilities; hence the crystal structure of leprolomin triacetate (15) was determined by X-ray diffraction.
Visualizing cyber security: Usable workspaces (2009)

The goal of cyber security visualization is to help analysts increase the safety and soundness of our digital infrastructures by providing effective tools and workspaces. Visualization researchers must make visual tools more usable and compelling than the text-based tools that currently dominate cyber analysts' tool chests. A cyber analytics work environment should enable multiple, simultaneous investigations and information foraging, as well as provide a solution space for organizing data. We describe our study of cyber-security professionals and visualizations in a large, high-resolution display work environment and the analytic tasks this environment can support. We articulate a set of design principles for usable cyber analytic workspaces that our studies have brought to light. Finally, we present prototypes designed to meet our guidelines and a usability evaluation of the environment.
Appendix A: Space Vector Transformations of Three‐Phase Systems (2010)

This appendix contains sections titled: A.1 Introduction A.2 Symmetrical Components in the Frequency Domain A.3 Symmetrical Components in the Time Domain A.4 Components αβ0 on the Stationary Reference Frame A.5 Components dq0 on the Synchronous Reference Frame References
ChemInform Abstract: The Invention of Radical Reactions. Part 18. Decarboxylative Radical Addition to Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth Phenylsulfides. A Novel Synthesis of Noralcohols from Carboxylic Acids. (1989)

Abstract The reaction of a wide range of thiohydroxamate esters such as (I) with the tris(phenylsulfide) (II) is studied.
A novel secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Micrococcus luteus WIUJH20: purification, cloning, and properties (2010)

A novel NAD + ‐dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (2 o ‐ADH) has been purified to homogeneity from Micrococcus luteus WIUJH20 ( M. luteus WIUJH20). It has a molecular weight of ~ 140 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography, and a molecular weight of ~ 34 kDa as determined by SDS‐PAGE. Thus, the enzyme is a homotetramer. The gene encodes for this enzyme has been amplified by PCR from the genome of M. luteus WIUJH20, cloned into pGEX2T expression vector, and recombinant protein overexpressed as a GST fusion protein (rGST‐2 o ‐ADH). Based on sequence homology, the enzyme is a NAD + ‐dependent L‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase. But based on its catalytic activity, the enzyme belongs to secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. The rGST‐2 o ‐ADH fusion protein, the recombinant 2 o ‐ADH (r2 o ‐ADH) with GST‐tag removed, and the 2 o ‐ADH isolated from M. Luteus WIUJH20 had broad substrate specificity. Enzyme kinetics analysis showed that the r2 o ‐ADH possesses a K m and V max of 3.25 x 10 −6 M and 150.3 μmol/min/mg respectively, when 12‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid was the substrate. This r2 o ‐ADH prefers to use linear secondary alcohols as substrates over the cyclic secondary alcohols. The enzyme prefers long‐chain alcohol over short‐chain alcohol as shown by the decreasing in K m from 4‐heptanol (7 mM) to 6‐dodecanol (8 μM). Primary alcohols (particularly ethanol) are inhibitors to the 2 o ‐ADH and the inhibition constant K i increases as the hydrocarbon chain length decreases. The research was supported in part by grants from USDA from USDA CSREES 04‐35504‐14712 and 02‐015470, Western Illinois University Foundation, College of Arts and Sciences and the Honors College at Western Illinois University.
Development of a high-performance e-beam resist suitable for advanced mask fabrication (1998)

We developed a new positive E-beam resist, 'ERB'-900 MX for fabrication of advanced masks for the next generation. 'ERB'-900 MX is a non-chemically amplified resist based on novolak and naphthoquinonediazide. A newly designed additive and modification of the novolak resin contributed to improvement of sensitivity and resolution. There are two types of 'ERB'-900 MX, 'ERB'-900 MX(alpha) and MX(beta) whose solvents are different. Most important feature of 'ERB'-900 MX is highly sensitive. Especially, 'ERB'-900 MX(beta) showed excellent sensitivity of 3.5 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 20 keV and 12 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 50 keV. Stability of 'ERB'-900 MX after EB exposure was quite good. No practical change in sensitivity was observed for 12 hours in air and in vacuum. CD linearity of 'ERB'-900 MX(alpha) was around 0.75 micrometers for isolated patterns. CD bias for dry-etch process of 'ERB'-900 MX(alpha) is around 0.1micrometers which is comparable to that of 'ERB'-900 M-1. We confirmed that 'ERB'-900 MX has excellent performance suitable for fabrication of advanced masks.
Gingipains impair attachment of epithelial cell to dental titanium abutment surfaces (2019)

The study investigated in vitro the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its cysteine proteases (gingipains) on epithelial cell adhesion to titanium-zirconium alloy surfaces. Titanium-zirconium discs with a standard machined (M) or chemically modified hydrophilic surface (modM) were coated with lamin-5 and incubated with telomerase-inactivated gingival keratinocytes (TIGK). Three P. gingivalis strains or gingipains were either added simultaneously with TIGK or after TIGK cells were already attached to the disks. Adhered TIGK cells were counted at 24 h. All P. gingivalis strains clearly inhibited adhesion of TIGK cells to M and modM surfaces. Compared with bacteria/gingipain-free TIGK cell cultures, the number of attached TIGK cells was reduced by about 80% and 60% when P. gingivalis was added simultaneously or after TIGK cells were already attached to the disks (each p < 0.01), respectively. Counts of attached cells were similarly reduced when only gingipains were used. Adhesion molecules of TIGK cells, in particular E-cadherin, were cleaved by P. gingivalis. In conclusion, P. gingivalis and gingipains interfere with the adhesion of epithelial cells to titanium-zirconium alloy surfaces by cleaving adhesion molecules, while a chemically modified hydrophilic titanium-zirconium alloy surface did not yield any protection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2549-2556, 2019.
Wireless Sensor Networks as a Service (2010)

One major reason for the increasing interest in wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the last few years is their potential usage in a wide range of application domains. However, there is a set of challenges to be addressed in order to realize the true potential of current WSNs. The first challenge concerns the effort needed to develop WSN application since the developers are required to know several sensor network and protocol specific details. The second main challenge is related to the fact that the most of existent WSNs provide data in proprietary formats that can be accessed by final user only through a set of static predefined queries or a graphical interface, hindering the widespread use of WSN data in different applications. The third challenge concerns the semantic gap between the representation of the high-level application requirements and the low-level data provided by sensor nodes. We argue that, by adopting a SOA approach based on integrating WSN to the concept of web mashups we will be able to leverage the widespread use of WSNs.
Joint Network and Rate Allocation for Simultaneous Wireless Applications (2007)

We address the problem of rate allocation and network/path selection for multiple users, running simultaneous applications over multiple parallel access networks. Our joint optimization problem consists of finding the appropriate application rate allocation and network parameters for each individual user, such that an overall quality metric is maximized. We compare our solution to other solutions based on throughput optimization strategies through extensive simulations, and we show the superiority of our approach. Furthermore, our solution proves to be more robust in dynamic systems, when clients can join/leave the access networks.