gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanostructures and Perylenediimides (2015)

The seeking for efficient molecular systems, based on the covalent combination of suitable and versatile building blocks, capable to mimic the photoinduced electron transfer that naturally occurs in photosynthesis, has been a constant in material science.[1] In a simplistic definition, a molecular system which combines an electron-acceptor moiety with an electron-donor counterpart, able to be excited by the action of light, can be considered as a potential photosynthetic system, and therefore useful for photovoltaic applications. Among the large number of donor-acceptor molecules frequently used in the preparation of photo-electroactive molecular systems, carbon nanostructures (CNs) and perylenediimides (PDIs) stand out. So far, we can find examples where the CNs are covalently or supramolecularly attached to PDI subunits, thus combining the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the former with the electrochemical and light-absorption properties of the latter.[2] In most of the cases, both sytems are electron deficient and energy transfer between them is observed. However, to the best of our knowledge, the synthesis of CN-PDI where the PDI acts an electron donor has only been briefly described. This kind of systems is quite interesting because it will be possible to study the influence of the electronic interaction between both units in different configurations. Herein, we will report our more recent results related with the synthesis of different carbon nanostructure-perylenediimide arrays where the PDI acts as an electron-donor system (see Figure 1 as example), focussing mainly in the photoinduced electron transfer properties for their application as artificial photosynthetic systems and in organic photovoltaics.[3] Acknowledgements. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Generalitat Valenciana and the European FEDER funds (grants CTQ2011-26455, PROMETEO 2012/010 and ISIC/2012/008) References 1. (a) El-Khouly, M. E.; Fukuzumi, S.; D’Souza, F. ChemPhysChem , 2014 , 15 , 30. 2. Zhan, X.; Facchetti, A.; Barlow, S.; Marks, T. J.; Ratner, M. A.; Wasielewski, M. R.; Marder, S. R. Adv. Mater. 2011 , 23 , 268. 3. (a) Martín-Gomis, L.; Giorgo, R.; Ohkubo, K.; Fernández-Lázaro, F.; Tagmatarchis, N.; Fukuzumi S.; Sastre-Santos Á. Submitted . (b) Martín-Gomis, L.; Karousis, N.; Petsalakis, I. D.; Ohkubo, K.; Fernández-Lázaro, F.; Tagmatarchis, N.; Fukuzumi S.; Sastre-Santos Á. Submitted . Figure 1. Chemical structure of [60]Fullerene-PDI system Figure 1
Trustworthy Convolutional Neural Networks: A Gradient Penalized-based Approach (2020)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are commonly used for image classification. Saliency methods are examples of approaches that can be used to interpret CNNs post hoc, identifying the most relevant pixels for a prediction following the gradients flow. Even though CNNs can correctly classify images, the underlying saliency maps could be erroneous in many cases. This can result in skepticism as to the validity of the model or its interpretation. We propose a novel approach for training trustworthy CNNs by penalizing parameter choices that result in inaccurate saliency maps generated during training. We add a penalty term for inaccurate saliency maps produced when the predicted label is correct, a penalty term for accurate saliency maps produced when the predicted label is incorrect, and a regularization term penalizing overly confident saliency maps. Experiments show increased classification performance, user engagement, and trust.
<title>Gas-oil ratio of live crude oils determined by near-infrared spectroscopy</title> (2001)

12 The Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) of crude oil has a tremendous impact on the processes used for oil production from subsurface formations. Determination of GOR thus becomes of central importance to oil operating companies. Here, it is shown that near-infrared (NIR) spectral measurements on single- phase crude oils (with dissolved gas) can be used to obtain a reliable estimate of the GOR. Furthermore, the NIR measurement is shown to be compatible with process flow streams at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Osteogenic protein-1-mediated insulin-like growth factor gene expression in primary cultures of rat osteoblastic cells (1996)

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family and has been shown to induce new bone formation in vivo. In the present study, we determined whether the expression of the IGF system, a significant growth factor system in bone, was altered by OP-1 in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial cells. Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-I receptor, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6) were determined after OP-1 treatment. The level of total IGF-I mRNA was elevated in an OP-1 concentration (0-1000 ng/ml)-dependent manner, with maximal stimulation of IGF-I mRNA of 2- to 3-fold apparent 24 h after treatment. The increase in the IGF-I mRNA level involved a preferential stimulation of transcripts initiated at start site 2 in the exon 1 promoter. The level of IGF-II mRNA also increased by approximately 2-fold in OP-1 treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The level of IGF-I receptor mRNA was not altered by treatment. Whereas IGFBP-1 mRNA was not detected in these cells, IGFBP-2 mRNA was expressed, but the expression was not changed after treatment for 48 h in the concentration range (0-1000 ng/ml) tested. The IGFBP-3 mRNA level was increased slightly 48 h after OP-1 treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The IGFBP-4, -5, and -6 mRNA levels decreased dramatically in an OP-1 concentration-dependent manner. In addition, coincubation of antisense oligonucleotides corresponding to IGF-I or -II mRNA sequence with OP-1 reduced the OP-1 induced elevation in alkaline phosphatase activity. The present results suggest that the differentiation of rat osteoblastic cells in response to OP-1 is mediated in part by increased IGF-I -II gene expression and alterations in the gene expression of different IGFBPs.
A High Throughput Ambient Mass Spectrometric Approach to Species Identification and Classification from Chemical Fingerprint Signatures (2015)

A high throughput method for species identification and classification through chemometric processing of direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry-derived fingerprint signatures has been developed. The method entails introduction of samples to the open air space between the DART ion source and the mass spectrometer inlet, with the entire observed mass spectral fingerprint subjected to unsupervised hierarchical clustering processing. A range of both polar and non-polar chemotypes are instantaneously detected. The result is identification and species level classification based on the entire DART-MS spectrum. Here, we illustrate how the method can be used to: (1) distinguish between endangered woods regulated by the Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Flora and Fauna (CITES) treaty; (2) assess the origin and by extension the properties of biodiesel feedstocks; (3) determine insect species from analysis of puparial casings; (4) distinguish between psychoactive plants products; and (5) differentiate between Eucalyptus species. An advantage of the hierarchical clustering approach to processing of the DART-MS derived fingerprint is that it shows both similarities and differences between species based on their chemotypes. Furthermore, full knowledge of the identities of the constituents contained within the small molecule profile of analyzed samples is not required.
Direct synthesis with vanadium atoms. 1. Synthesis of hexacarbonylvanadium and dodecacarbonyldivanadium (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect synthesis with vanadium atoms. 1. Synthesis of hexacarbonylvanadium and dodecacarbonyldivanadiumT. A. Ford, H. Huber, W. Klotzbuecher, M. Moskovits, and G. A. OzinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 7, 1666–1669Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50161a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50161a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Revisiting the Hybrid Attack on Sparse Secret LWE and Application to HE Parameters (2019)

In the practical use of the Learning With Error (LWE) based cryptosystems, it is quite common to choose the secret to be extremely small: one popular choice is ternary ((±1,0),coefficient vector, and some further use ternary vector having only small numbers of nonzero coefficient, what is called \em sparse and ternary vector. This use of small secret also benefits to attack algorithms against LWE, and currently LWE-based cryptosystems including homomorphic encryptions (HE) set parameters based on the attack complexity of those improved attacks.
Convolution based compact thermal model application to the evaluation of the thermal impact of die to die interface including interconnections (2014)

Thermal aware design of integrated circuits is essential to avoid reliability issues and failures especially in 3D-technology where active dies are placed on top of each other and more heat is dissipated on the same area available for cooling compared to conventional 2D-packages. A certain number of parameters can be selected to reduce temperature and temperature gradient. This paper is mainly focusing on the thermal impact of the die-to-die interface layer. This consists of adhesive material and arrays of interconnection structures. Besides being used for electrical die-die connections, they can be added to locally improve the low thermal conductivity of the adhesive. Short computational time is preferred for the thermal analysis of different designs: this is why various compact thermal models (CTMs) strategies have been developed. The one presented here, for the steady state temperature evaluation of two dies stacks, is based on convolution and fast Fourier transform. A novel correction methodology is introduced to deal with the material non-homogeneity in the interface layer. Case analyses, as the interface material thermal impact or the maximum achieved temperature as a function of the amount of interconnections, are presented in the paper and can be quickly and easily performed with this CTM.
Analysis of Roadside Safety Devices for Use on Very High-Speed Roadways (2009)

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is embarking on a multi-decade effort to expand the state’s transportation system. TxDOT has expressed an interest in using very high design speeds (above 80 mph) for some of these facilities to promote faster and more efficient travel within the state. Currently, roadside safety hardware is tested at a speed of 62 mph. This impact speed was derived from crash data collected on roads with design speeds up to 70 mph. The ability of existing roadside safety features to accommodate more severe, higher energy impacts is not known. The objective of this research is to develop roadside safety hardware suitable for use on very high-speed highways. Finite element simulations are used to evaluate the impact performance of selected roadside safety devices subjected to very high-speed impacts. Systems analyzed include single slope concrete barrier, modified thrie-beam guardrail, box beam guardrail, and slip-base sign supports. Design modifications to some of these systems are recommended for further consideration.
Supplementary Table S6 from Anagrelide for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S6. The primers used in the quantitative PCR analyses.&lt;/p&gt;
LOGnets: a hybrid graph spatial representation for robot navigation (1990)

In this article we present a novel, hybrid graph spatial representation for robot navigation. This representation enables our mobile robot to build a model of its surroundings which it can then use for navigation. The models or maps that use this representation are hybrid graphs, the nodes being analogical local maps of landmark locations in the robot’s environment, the arcs being the actions the robot executes to travel between the locations. This representation yields a reliable navigation tool, one which ensures that the robot can re-orient itself to recover from errors in path execution and encounters with unexpected obstacles. The LOGnet approach also meshes with human’s natural approach of mapping with landmarks, instead of using angular and translational data. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Work on the Synthesis of Phosphonate‐Containing, Bone‐Active Heterocycles. (1990)

Abstract The diol ditosylates (I) undergo ring closure reaction with tetraisopropyl methylenebisphosphonate (II) in toluene to give the tetraisopropyl cycloalkane‐1,1‐bisphosphonates (III) which are hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to form the cycloalkane‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acids (IV).
Photocatalytic Formation of Dimethyllepidopterene from 9,10-Dimethylanthracene via Electron-Transfer Oxidation (2006)

[Structure: see text] Photocatalytic carbon-carbon bond formation of 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) in chloroform occurs efficiently via the electron-transfer oxidation of DMA with the photoinduced electron-transfer state of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes), followed by deprotonation from the methyl group of DMA radical cation and the radical coupling reaction between anthracenylmethyl radicals to produce dimethyllepidopterene.
The Multipath Invariance Approach for Code Multipath Mitigation (2000)

The concept of multipath invariance asserts that there exist properties and/or regions of the code correlation function that do not change as a function of the multipath amplitude, delay, phase and phase rate. These Multipath Invariant (MPI) points exist at the plateaus of the correlation function. Previous experiments have demonstrated that despite low correlation power, it is possible to implement the Tracking Error Compensator (TrEC) algorithm, which uses these MPI points to mitigate multipath. In addition, it has been previously asserted that TrEC not adversely affected by finite frontend bandwidth considerations and is potentially very useful for mitigating multipath in extremely narrowband receivers. To evaluate the performance of the MPI approach, the TrEC algorithm was implemented in a narrowband receiver. Using code double-differences over a short baseline between two rooftop antennas, real-time position errors were recorded using live satellites. Three different multipath scenarios were tested. The results were compared with and without multipath compensation and also with and without carrier smoothing applied to the pseudoranges. For the last case—a large multipath scenario—(wideband) narrow correlator receiver performance was compared to (narrowband) TrEC performance. Significant reductions in multipath errors were attained through using this novel approach. Specifically, in all cases TrEC was significantly more effective at reducing the mean bias errors due to multipath than the other techniques.
HIGH-ASPECT-RATIO PHOTONIC CRYSTALS FOR CAPILLARY OPTOFLUIDICS: TOWARDS DROP-AND-MEASURE PLATFORMS (2014)

In this work, a drop-and-measure optofluidic platform that exploits capillary microfluidic concepts to infiltrate high-aspect-ratio (HAR) one-dimensional (1D) silicon/air photonic crystals (PhCs), this latter being used as sensing ele-ments, is reported. The platform, which is fabricated by electrochemical micromachining (ECM) technology, is op-tically characterized by measuring PhC reflectivity spectra upon capillary infiltration of liquids with different refrac-tive indices into the PhC air-gaps. Fiber grooves integrated in the platform allow the measurements to be carried out using optical fibers positioned in front of the PhC. Good reliability, sensitivity, and limit of detection are obtained, with best sensitivity value of 310 nm/RIU and worst-case limit of detection of 10-3 RIU, which are comparable to pressure-driven state-of-the-art integrated refractometers.
Measuring the competition between bimolecular charge recombination and charge transport in organic solar cells under operating conditions (2018)

A new impedance-photocurrent device analysis technique is developed to elucidate the complex factors that dictate the fill factor in operating devices.
Structure and mutational analysis ofTrypanosoma bruceiprostaglandin F2αsynthase (2005)

Trypanosoma brucei prostaglandin (PG) F 2 synthase (TbPGFS), an aldo-keto reductase, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the endoperoxide moiety of PGH 2 to PGF 2 . The overproduction of PGF 2 during trypanosomasis causes miscarriage in infected subjects.
AftD functions as an α1 → 5 arabinofuranosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall core (2017)

Arabinogalactan (AG) is an essential structural macromolecule present in the cell wall of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, serving to connect peptidoglycan with the outer mycolic acid layer. The D-arabinan segment is a highly branched component of AG and is assembled in a step-wise fashion by a variety of arabinofuranosyltransferases (AraT). We have previously used <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> as a model organism to study these complex processes which are otherwise essential in mycobacteria. In order to further our understanding of the molecular basis of AG assembly, we investigated the role of a fourth AraT, now termed AftD by generating single (Δ<i>aftD</i>) and double deletion (Δ<i>aftB</i> Δ<i>aftD</i>) mutants of <i>C. glutamicum</i>. We demonstrate that AftD functions as an α(1 → 5) AraT and reveal the point at which it exerts its activity in the AG biosynthetic pathway.
Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren induzieren tumorselektiv p53-Familien-mediierte Apoptose beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (2008)

Einleitung: Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren hemmen im Sinne der targeted therapy u.A. die Raf-Isoformen und damit den MAPK-Signalweg, der in ca. 30% aller Tumoren dysreguliert ist. Sie wirken so Überlebens- und Proliferationsreizen entgegen und hemmen mit dem VEGF-Signalweg zusätzlich die Angiogenese. Für das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist der Multikinase-Inhibitor Sorafenib (Nexavar®) zugelassen. Sorafenib führte in einer Phase III- Studie als erste Substanz zu einem Überlebensvorteil von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem HCC.
Soft-matter sensor for proximity, tactile and pressure detection (2017)

Efforts in soft-matter sensing with liquid metal (LM) have largely focused on pressure, strain, and bend sensing by measuring changes in capacitance or resistance of LM circuits embedded in a soft elastomer. Here, we show that LM electronics can be used to combine pressure sensing with proximity detection and remote finger tracking - sensing modalities not previously demonstrated in a soft electronic skin (E-Skin). This is accomplished with a novel architecture composed of 9 capacitive sensors arranged in two layers and placed below a spiral-shaped pressure transducer. The E-skin is composed of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) LM alloy and Pt-cured EcoFlex 0030 elastomer. The multi-modal sensor is able to detect the proximity and motion of a finger as it moves above the sensor and is able to detect touch and pressure once the finger comes into contact. Proximity sensing and contact pressure are distinguish by comparing changes in capacitance and resistance of the embedded LM circuitry. Measurements on a cm-scale prototype suggest proximity sensing with a range of 8.7 cm and maximum contact pressure of 110 kPa.
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Prostate Cancer: Frequency and Distribution of Nodal Metastases in a Contemporary Radical Prostatectomy Series (2012)

In contemporary American patients with clinically localized prostate cancer lymph node metastases were found more often and frequently exclusively in the obturator and hypogastric areas than in the external iliac area. Pelvic lymph node dissection limited to the external iliac area above the obturator nerve would identify and remove lymph node metastases in only a third of the patients with positive nodes found at full pelvic lymph node dissection.
Small Peptide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins (2006)

Abstract The direct small peptide‐catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins is presented. Simple di‐ and tripeptides derived from alanine catalyze the asymmetric Michael additions with high stereoselectivity and furnish the corresponding Michael products in high yield with up to 68 : 1 dr and 98% ee. The study demonstrates that small, readily prepared peptides with increased structural complexity as compared to the parent amino acid mediate the asymmetric Michael reaction with superior reactivity and enantioselectivity.