gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved RANSAC performance using simple, iterative minimal-set solvers (2010)

RANSAC is a popular technique for estimating model parameters in the presence of outliers. The best speed is achieved when the minimum possible number of points is used to estimate hypotheses for the model. Many useful problems can be represented using polynomial constraints (for instance, the determinant of a fundamental matrix must be zero) and so have a number of solutions which are consistent with a minimal set. A considerable amount of effort has been expended on finding the constraints of such problems, and these often require the solution of systems of polynomial equations. We show that better performance can be achieved by using a simple optimization based approach on minimal sets. For a given minimal set, the optimization approach is not guaranteed to converge to the correct solution. However, when used within RANSAC the greater speed and numerical stability results in better performance overall, and much simpler algorithms. We also show that by selecting more than the minimal number of points and using robust optimization can yield better results for very noisy by reducing the number of trials required. The increased speed of our method demonstrated with experiments on essential matrix estimation.
Recent Progress on Pb-free Electronics in IBM (2006)

Lead (Pb)-containing solders have been extensively used in microelectronic interconnect structures between various packaging levels. Since the RoHS enforcement date of July 1 2006 by European Union [1] is rapidly approaching, the transition from Pb-containing solders to Pbfree solders is accelerating in the electronic industry. In IBM, considerable R&D efforts on Pb-free solders technology were conducted well before the RoHS and WEEE directives[2] were enacted by the European Union, as noticed in the early publication and patent literature [3-5]. An example of the application of Pb-free technology within IBM is the usage of Bi-Sn eutectic solder for low temperature wave soldering of PTH (plated through holes) in advanced multilayer printed circuit boards (PCB) since early 1970’s [6, 7]. IBM’s early work had led to the NCMS(National Center for Manufacturing Sciences) Pb-free solder project, the first industry-wide joint efforts to search for Pb-free solders. When the final report of the NCMS Pb-free project was published in 1997, it was dedicated to the memory of Roger Wild (former IBMer) for his pioneering work on Pb-free soldering technology in IBM[8].
The Oligomycin-Sensitivity Conferring Protein of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase: Emerging New Roles in Mitochondrial Pathophysiology (2014)

The oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) of the mitochondrial F(O)F1 ATP synthase has long been recognized to be essential for the coupling of proton transport to ATP synthesis. Located on top of the catalytic F1 sector, it makes stable contacts with both F1 and the peripheral stalk, ensuring the structural and functional coupling between F(O) and F1, which is disrupted by the antibiotic, oligomycin. Recent data have established that OSCP is the binding target of cyclophilin (CyP) D, a well-characterized inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), whose opening can precipitate cell death. CyPD binding affects ATP synthase activity, and most importantly, it decreases the threshold matrix Ca²⁺ required for PTP opening, in striking analogy with benzodiazepine 423, an apoptosis-inducing agent that also binds OSCP. These findings are consistent with the demonstration that dimers of ATP synthase generate Ca²⁺-dependent currents with features indistinguishable from those of the PTP and suggest that ATP synthase is directly involved in PTP formation, although the underlying mechanism remains to be established. In this scenario, OSCP appears to play a fundamental role, sensing the signal(s) that switches the enzyme of life in a channel able to precipitate cell death.
Immunity to WT1 in the animal model and in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2000)

The Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene participates in leukemogenesis and is overexpressed in most types of leukemia in humans. WT1 is also detectable in many types of lung, thyroid, breast, testicular, and ovarian cancers and melanoma in humans. Initial studies evaluated whether immune responses to murine WT1 can be elicited in mice. Murine and human WT1 are similar. Thus, mouse models might lead to resolution of many of the critical issues for developing WT1 vaccines. C57/BL6 (B6) mice were injected with synthetic peptides from the natural sequence of WT1 containing motifs for binding to major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules. Immunization induced helper T-cell responses specific for the immunizing WT1 peptides and antibody responses specific for WT1 protein. Screening of multiple murine cancer cell lines identified 2 murine cancers, TRAMP-C and BLKSV40, that “naturally” overexpress WT1. Immunization with MHC class I binding peptides induced WT1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) that specifically lysed TRAMP-C and BLKSV40. WT1 specificity of lysis was confirmed by cold target inhibition. No toxicity was noted by histopathologic evaluation in the WT1 peptide-immunized animals. WT1 peptide immunization did not show any effect on TRAMP-C tumor growth in vivo. Immunization of B6 mice to syngeneic TRAMP-C elicited WT1-specific antibody, demonstrating that WT1 can be immunogenic in the context of cancer cells. To evaluate whether WT1 might be similarly immunogenic in humans, serum from patients with leukemia was evaluated for pre-existing antibody responses. Western blot analyses showed WT1-specific antibodies directed against the N-terminus portion of the WT1 protein in the sera of 3 of 18 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Distinguishing Galactoside Isomers with Mass Spectrometry and Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy (2021)

Sequencing glycans is demanding due to their structural diversity. Compared to mammalian glycans, bacterial glycans pose a steeper challenge because they are constructed from a larger pool of monosaccharide building blocks, including pyranose and furanose isomers. Though mammalian glycans incorporate only the pyranose form of galactose (Gal<i>p</i>), many pathogens, including <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, contain galactofuranose (Gal<i>f</i>) residues in their cell envelope. Thus, glycan sequencing would benefit from methods to distinguish between pyranose and furanose isomers of different anomeric configurations. We used infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy with mass spectrometry (MS-IR) to differentiate between pyranose- and furanose-linked galactose residues. These targets pose a challenge for MS-IR because the saccharides lack basic groups, and galactofuranose residues are highly flexible. We postulated cationic groups that could complex through hydrogen bonding would offer a solution. Here, we present the first MS-IR analysis of hexose ammonium adducts. We compared their IR fingerprints with those of lithium adducts. We determined the diagnostic MS-IR signatures of the α- and β-anomers of galactose in furanose and pyranose forms. We also showed these signatures could be applied to disaccharides to assign galactose ring size. Our findings highlight the utility of MS-IR for analyzing the unique substructures that occur in bacterial glycans.
Cardiac Compliance in Fetuses of Diabetic Women (1999)

In Brief Objective To examine possible changes in cardiac function in fetuses of pregestational diabetic mothers. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 31 women whose pregnancies were between 22 weeks' gestation and term, and who had pregestational diabetes. All diabetic women included in the study had glycosylated hemoglobin lower than 6.5%. All patients included in the study had an early ultrasound confirming gestational age. Doppler studies of the blood flow through the mitral and tricuspid valves were done every 4 weeks using a pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound device with a 3.5- or 5-MHz transducer. The following indices were calculated from the flow velocity waveforms: the peak velocity during the rapid ventricular filling (E wave) and during the atrial systole (A wave), and the ratio between these velocities (E/A ratio); and the velocity time integral of the atrioventricular blood flow (this integral correlates with volume flow). A comparison between the Doppler indices obtained in fetuses of diabetic women and of normal women was made by using the Mann-Whitney test. Results Each patient had four to five fetal echocardiographic examinations at 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 weeks' gestation. The E/A ratio of the mitral and tricuspid valves did not increase in fetuses of diabetic women during the third trimester and was significantly higher in fetuses of nondiabetic women compared with fetuses of diabetic women at 34 and 38 weeks' gestation. The velocity time integral of the mitral and tricuspid valves multiplied by heart rate was higher, but not significantly, in fetuses of nondiabetic women compared with fetuses of diabetic women at 34 and 38 weeks' gestation. The E-wave of the mitral and tricuspid valves increased in both groups throughout gestation. The A-wave of the mitral and tricuspid valves increased only in fetuses of diabetic women throughout the third trimester and was significantly higher at 34 and 38 weeks' gestation compared with fetuses of nondiabetic women. Conclusion Differences in atrioventricular blood flow patterns between fetuses of diabetic women and normal fetuses do not necessarily result from differences in cardiac compliance. The different patterns of atrioventricular blood flow in fetuses of women with pregestational diabetes compared with those of nondiabetic women do not necessarily result from changes in cardiac compliance.
Decoupling Method for Two Planar Inverted-F Antennas using Characteristic Mode Analysis (2021)

This study proposes a decoupling method for Two Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs), which are mounted on a ground plane, using Characteristic Mode Analysis. According to the simulation results of Modal Weighting Coefficient, two types of mode (in-phase mode and anti-phase mode) are observed and total inner product of modes is calculated. When the total inner product value is close to zero, the excited current from the two ports is orthogonal to each other, resulting in a reduction of the mutual coupling. Based on this, we use four L-shaped elements, which are placed on several certain positions on ground plane, to excite a dominant mode in order to adjust the total inner product value to be closer to zero. As a result, the total inner product can be adjusted from −0.43 to −0.3 and the mutual coupling can be reduced from −6.6 dB to −10.2 dB.
Optimal design of a 3.5 kV/11kW DC-DC converter for charging capacitor banks of power modulators (2009)

For the generation of short high power pulses in many applications, power modulators based on capacitor discharge are used, where the peak power is drawn from the input capacitor bank. In order to continuously recharge the energy buffer during operation at a lower average power, usually power supplies connected to the mains are used. Due to the worldwide variation in mains voltages and the desired ability to adapt the capacitor voltage of the modulator, the power supply has to support a wide input and output voltage range, whereby the supply should draw a sinusoidal current from the mains due to EMI regulations. Additionally, depending on the modulator concept also a galvanic isolation has to be provided. In order to achieve the mentioned specifications for the considered power supply a combination of a AC-DC and DC-DC converter is proposed, whereas the mains voltage is rectified by a three-phase buck-boost converter to 400 Vdc and thereafter an isolated DC-DC converter charges the input capacitor bank of the power modulator up to 3.5 kV. This paper focuses on the basic operation and the design of the 3.5kV/11kW isolated DC-DC converter, which includes transformer design, efficiency-volume optimization and components selection. There, compared to the well-known flyback converter the proposed full-bridge based topology results in a much higher efficiency and power density.
Flt3L-Mediated Expansion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Suppresses HIV Infection in Humanized Mice (2019)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (plasmacytoid DC, pDC) are major IFN-I producers and have been shown to be affected by HIV through ill-defined mechanisms. In this study, we directly assess the role of pDC in early infection, evaluating whether modulating their abundance can alter viral replication. First, HIV infection of humanized mice induces systemic depletion of pDC, and in the presence of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), pDC levels remain elevated. Flt3L significantly delays the onset of viremia and reduces viral replication via a process that is dependent on pDC and mediated through an enhanced early IFN-I response. pDC from Flt3L-treated mice are more prone to express IFN-α following TLR7 stimulation, but this propensity is gradually decreased during infection. In conclusion, maintaining pDC levels and function is key to effective early viral control, and in this context, these findings provide practical insights for anti-HIV strategies and vaccine design.
Registration rooms, lobbies, and portals: interconnecting large-scale networked virtual environments and collaborations (2002)

To support larger numbers of simultaneous users, virtual environments (VEs) must be partitioned over multiple servers. This paper describes an architecture for interconnecting large-scale VEs and collaboration systems over the Internet. The user establishes and maintains a persistent network identity, transfers that identity between VEs and maintains that identity while moving between management domains of a single VE. Our implementation logically extends (and therefore easily integrates with) the existing World Wide Web.
Demonstration of an all-optical data format transparent WDM-to-TDM network node with extinction ratio enhancement for reconfigurable WDM networks (1996)

We demonstrate a nearly penalty free, all-optical and robust WDM-to-TDM network node that converts two input WDM channels into one high-speed TDM signal. Our node incorporates the very useful functions of: 1) WDM input data-format transparency; 2) time multiplexing; 3) wavelength shifting; and 4) extinction ratio enhancement of the output TDM signal. We demonstrate the principle of this network node by converting two 1-Gb/s NRZ WDM channels at 1552 and 1548 nm into a 2-Gb/s NRZ TDM signal at 1558-nm, while incurring only a 0.2 dB power penalty.
On the Capacity of Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Systems (2021)

In this paper, we first analyze the factors that affect the capacity of underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems through deriving a new tight capacity upperbound. We find that the system capacity depends on the light wavelength in a complicated manner. Then we compare UOWC with the underwater acoustic communication (UAC) technology in terms of channel capacity, communication range, and energy efficiency. We show that UOWC requires a much lower energy-per-bit than UAC for short range communication. Finally, we study the multi-hop communication technique to extend the range of UOWC. The optimal number of hops is derived taking into account the cost of deploying relay nodes. Our study provides useful guidelines in designing a hybrid underwater acoustic/optical communication system which can achieve an increased range-rate product for underwater wireless communication.
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation with left atrial appendage closure (2017)

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at risk for stroke and thromboembolism. Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are effective therapies to reduce the risk of stroke; however, these agents also increase the risk of bleeding complications. Concerns over bleeding contribute to significant under treatment and leave a substantial proportion of patients at risk for a serious or life-threatening stroke. Identification of the left atrial appendage (LAA) as the major site of pathogenic thrombus formation in AF patients has led to the development of devices which exclude the appendage from the systemic circulation. These devices offer a potential alternative treatment for some AF patients who cannot tolerate long term OAC. This article will review the pathogenesis of LAA thrombus formation and identify the patient population most likely to benefit from LAA closure devices. Finally, we will review LAA closure techniques (both surgical and percutaneous), evaluate published outcomes data, and discuss the indications and risk/benefit considerations of each approach.
Kinetically based NMR method of measuring blending octane number of olefins (1995)

Olefins are highly nonlinear octane blenders so that standard GC analyses are poor predictors of blend quality. Engine rating is the only way of measuring olefin octane number nonlinearity. It is thus not possible to rapidly assess the quality of the product obtained from an olefin-producing process-stream. An analysis of the kinetics of olefin combustion in terms of mechanisms for depleting active radicals identifies hydrogen abstraction from an allylic carbon as a factor that increases resistance to knock. We can use NMR to find the allylic hydrogen fraction in a sample, and we show that this correlates with mixtures of olefins obtained during processing of the typical gaseous products of a cat-cracked stream. This simple application of NMR has the advantages of quantitatively probing octane number on a sound chemical criterion, as well as the fact that it is fast and requires only small amounts of sample so that process optimization for olefin quality on a small-scale microflow reactor can easily be carried out.
Correlation of Light Scattering of Homogenous Alignment Liquid Crystal Layers with Material Properties of Liquid Crystals (2008)

We investigated light scattering properties of conventional liquid crystal layers by 651.8 nm laser illumination. The intensity of light scattering strongly depended on the incidence angle of illumination. Although the total light intensity changed with the ordinary refractive index no, the extraordinary refractive index ne, their difference Δn, the elastic constant K, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layers d, it was simply proportional to a specific variable S consisting of those values, as S = Δn2( ne + no )2d/K.
2008 American Urological Association Foundation Summer Research Conference on Sexual Medicine (2009)

The management of Peyronie's disease (PyD) presents several challenges to the clinician. Despite progress in the understanding of PyD on several fronts, it remains a physically and psychologically devastating condition for the affected patient and partner.The purpose of this Continuing Medical Education article is to review contemporary knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of PyD, thus enabling best-practice management.An English-language MEDLINE review was performed from 1990 to present-day for PyD.Current state of, and new developments in, PyD.Recent studies have established a new paradigm for the natural history and epidemiology of PyD. Prevalence approaches 5%, while less than 20% of men report spontaneous resolution of deformity. The psychological sequelae on both patient and partner are underrepresented in literature; data gleaned from select Internet websites have better established Peyronie's effects on psyche and relationships. For the majority of patients, evaluation, information, and reassurance is sufficient. Few medical treatment options are supported by data from well-designed placebo-controlled trials. For men unresponsive to nonoperative therapies, plication, grafting, or implantation of a penile prosthesis are surgical management options.PyD does not invariably progress to a complete loss of the ability for sexual intercourse. Should deformities preclude intercourse, well-established medical or surgical options may be considered; indeed, using one or more of the treatment approaches outlined can, in most cases, result in adequate restoration of sexual function. Bella AJ, Perelman MA, Brant WO, and Lue TF. Peyronie's disease.
Towards personalised management for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2021)

Guidelines from national and international professional societies on upper gastrointestinal bleeding highlight the important clinical issues but do not always identify specific management strategies pertaining to individual patients. Optimal treatment should consider the personal needs of an individual patient and the pertinent resources and experience available at the point of care. This article integrates international guidelines and consensus into three stages of management: pre-endoscopic assessment and treatment, endoscopic evaluation and haemostasis and postendoscopic management. We emphasise the need for personalised management strategies based on patient characteristics, nature of bleeding lesions and the clinical setting including available resources.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ALPHA‐HALOGENOSULPHOXIDES (1974)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der β‐Ketosulfoxide (II) und (IV) mit Brom oder Jod in Dioxan/ Wasser werden in Gegenwart der entsprechenden Kaliumhalogenide durch Zutropfen von 5%iger Natronlauge in 30 ‐ 77%iger Ausbeute die α‐Halogensulfoxide (I) bzw. (V) erhalten.
Partial shadowing detection based on equivalent thermal voltage monitoring for PV module diagnostics (2009)

Partial shadowing of photovoltaic systems can over-proportionally reduce the energy yield and lead to early ageing and failure of the shadowed cells. Large area shadows are relatively easy to detect due to the eminent power reduction and decrease of fill factor. However, small area partial shadows in a larger system do not have a very obvious effect on the output power or fill factor of the PV array and can remain undetected, leading to failure. In this paper a method for detecting small area partial shadows, based on equivalent thermal voltage, is presented. A simplified expression of the equivalent thermal voltage is proposed, which increases the robustness against measurement errors and model limitations at low irradiation conditions. Experimental results confirm the high sensitivity of the method even to a relatively small area shadow, while showing very good robustness against increase in series resistance.