gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fixed and Infinite Ray Length on Distal 3D Pointing in Virtual Reality (2020)

Ray casting is frequently used to point and select distant targets in Virtual Reality (VR) systems. In this work, we evaluate user performance in 3D pointing with two different ray casting versions: infinite ray casting, where the cursor is positioned on the surface of the first object along the ray that said ray points at, and finite ray-casting, where the cursor is attached to the ray at a fixed distance from the controller. Twelve subjects performed a Fitts' law experiment where the targets were placed 1, 2, or 3 meters away from the user. According to the results, subjects were faster and made fewer errors with the infinite ray length. Interestingly, their (effective) pointing throughput was higher when the ray length was constrained. We illustrate the advantages of both methods in immersive VR applications and provide information for practitioners and developers to choose the most appropriate ray-casting-based selection method for VR.
Human rhinovirus 2A proteinase mutant and its second-site revertants (1996)

The 2A proteinases of human rhinoviruses are cysteine proteinases with marked similarities to serine proteinases. In the absence of a three-dimensional structure, we developed a genetical screening system for proteolytic activity and identified Phe-130 as a key residue. The mutation Phe-130-->Tyr almost completely inhibited enzyme activity at 37 degrees C; activity was, however, partially restored by the following exchanges: Ser-27-->Pro, His-135-->Arg or His-137-->Arg. To investigate this phenotypic reversion, 2A proteinases with the mutations Phe-130-->Tyr, Phe-130-->Tyr/His-135-->Arg, Phe-130-->Tyr/His-137-->Arg, His-135-->Arg or His-137-->Arg were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. None of these mutations affected the affinity of the enzyme for a peptide substrate. However, the temperature-dependence of enzyme activity, as assayed by cleavage of a peptide substrate and by monitoring the toxicity of the proteinases towards the E. coli strain BL21(DE3), and the structural stability, as monitored by 8-anilino-I-naphthalenesulphonic acid fluorescence and CD spectrometry, were affected. The thermal transition temperatures for both the activity and the stability of the Phe-130-->Tyr 2A proteinase were reduced by about 17 degrees C compared with the wild-type enzyme. The presence of the additional mutations His-135-->Arg or His-137-->Arg in the Phe-130-->Tyr mutant increased temperature stability by 3 degrees C and 6 degrees C respectively. Thus essential interactions exist within the C-terminal domain of human rhinoviral 2A proteinases which contribute to the overall stability and integrity of the enzyme.
Integrated Molecular Analysis Indicates Undetectable Change in DNA Damage in Mice after Continuous Irradiation at ~ 400-fold Natural Background Radiation (2012)

These results demonstrate in an in vivo animal model that lowering the dose-rate suppresses the potentially deleterious impact of radiation and calls attention to the need for a deeper understanding of the biological impact of low dose-rate radiation.
Near-Wall Plasma Properties and EEDF Measurements of a 6-kW Hall Thruster (2009)

In preparation for in-depth internal wall measurements for erosion and electron mobility studies, a flush-mounted Langmuir probe and emissive probe were used to characterize the near-wall region near the exit plane of a 6-kW Hall thruster. Various plasma properties and electron energy distribution functions were measured at discharge voltages of 150 and 300 V, and anode mass flow rates of 10, 20, and 30 mg/s, as well as at 600 V and 10 mg/s. It was found that this region is characterized by a significantly lower number density and plasma potential than expected, while the electron temperature is relatively consistent with previous internal measurements. The electron energy distribution function was found to be highly non-Maxwellian, possibly due to filtering out of low-energy particles by large radial potential gradients. Incident ion power deposition and implications of the structure of the distribution function are discussed.
Research Paper An Alternate Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylthiazole: A Key Intermediate of Ritonavir (2013)

Zinc mediated synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylthiazole (5-HMT) 1, one of the key intermediates of Ritonavir 2, is described.
Multiband Handset Antenna With a Parallel Excitation of PIFA and Slot Radiators (2009)

A handset antenna technique combining a parallel excitation of a PIFA and a slot is presented. The number of frequency bands is given by the sum of bands given per each radiator which can be controlled independently. Component interaction (battery, display, and speaker) is analyzed to determine the best place to mitigate performance degradation. Finally, a concept featuring a small footprint (39 × 11 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and low profile (2 mm) is proposed for multiband operation.
Long-term Treatment Effects of Lumbar Arthrodeses in Degenerative Disk Disease (2014)

This review indicates that surgical stabilization of the lumbar spine is an effective treatment for LS; in particular, for patients with severe chronic low back pain that has been resistant to ≥3 months of conservative therapy.
Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring by Four Color Flow Cytometry before Second Induction Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML-BFM MRD Study Group. (2005)

Abstract Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still a topic of discussion in terms of the optimal time of analysis and the best antibody combinations. Here we report the largest prospective international series of MRD monitoring (395 samples) in children with AML (n=124). All children have been treated according to the AML-BFM 98 study. Based upon a CD33/CD34 backbone, a wide panel of antibodies, independent from the initial immunophenotype, was applied at up to four defined time points during treatment (MRD1: day 15, MRD2: before 2nd induction, MRD3: before 3rd block, MRD4 before 4th block). For each of the 12 leukemia associated immunophenotypes (LAIP) and time points, a threshold level based upon a previous retrospective analysis of 149 other children with AML as well as analysis of normal bone marrow was determined. Regarding all four time points there is a statistically significant difference in the 3-year event free survival (EFS) in those children presenting with MRD positivity at ≥ 3 time points (pEFS 68% vs. 33%, p=0.01). The MRD level at time point 2 has turned out to have the most significant predictive value for 3-year EFS: 66% (n=104) vs. 35% (n=17), plogrank=0.006. Regarding the standard risk group (defined by FAB subtype [M1, M2± Auer rods, M3, M4eo], favorable cytogenetics and morphologically determined treatment response at day 15) only, it is possible to identify a subgroup with poor outcome (20% [n=5] vs. 88% [n=40], plogrank &amp;lt;0.0001). In accordance with this, a multivariate analysis proved the MRD2 as a significant prognostic factor (pChi2=0.023) independent from the known risk factors like FAB subtype, cytogenetics or morphological blast percentage at day 15. As a conclusion, (A) MRD monitoring before second induction has the same predictve value as examining MRD level at four different time points during intensive chemotherapy and (B) the immunologic analysis of MRD before second induction is particulary suitable for risk group stratification and therapeutic consequences in addition to the known risk factors.
Bromination of Isoquinoline, Quinoline, Quinazoline and Quinoxaline in Strong Acid (2002)

Bromination of benzazines and benzodiazines most often gives a mixture of products. In this paper, we show that isoquinoline (1) may be regioselectively monobrominated in concentrated H2SO4 using NBS or in CF3SO3H using N,N'-dibromoisocyanuric acid (DBI) to give 5-bromoisoquinoline (2). The bromination was found to be highly sensitive to the choice of brominating agent, acid, temperature and concentration. Quinoline, quinazoline and quinoxaline may be brominated likewise, although with the strong regioselectivity reserved to isoquinoline.
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus NV Gene Decreases Glycolytic Enzyme Gene Transcription (2016)

바이러스성 출혈성 패혈증 바이러스(VHSV)는 넙치를 포함한 어류 양식의 막대한 피해를 일으키는 바이러스 병원체이며, VHSV가 생성하는 6개의 바이러스 단백질들 중에서 NV 단백질이 병원성에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. VHSV-감염 넙치를 이용한 전사체 마이크로 어레이의 선행 분석 결과에 의하면 VHSV 감염이 해당과정 효소들의 mRNA 발현을 억제함으로써 넙치 세포에서 ATP 생성을 감소시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 이들 결과를 토대로, 본 연구에서는 VHSV NV 단백질이 해당과정 효소인 glucokinase의 발현에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, NV 단백질은 넙치 세포에서 glucokinase의 mRNA 발현을 감소시켰으며, 새롭게 동정한 glucokinase의 유전자 프로모터의 활성 실험결과, NV 단백질이 glucokinase의 프로모터 활성을 저해함을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 작용 결과들로 인하여 VHSV NV 단백질의 발현이 세포 내로의 포도당 흡수 또한 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 VHSV NV 단백질이 유전자 발현의 전사 수준에서 음성적으로 해당과정의 효소 발현을 조절함을 의미하며, 결국 세포 내 에너지의 결핍으로 넙치의 폐사로 이어질 가능성을 보여주는 것이다. The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which belongs to the Novirhabdovirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family, is a viral pathogen that causes severe losses in the olive flounder farming industry. Among six encoding VHSV proteins, the non-virion (NV) protein has been shown to have an impact on virulence. In our previous studies, transcriptomics microarray analysis by using VHSV-infected olive flounder showed that VHSV infection significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes. In addition, VHSV NV protein variants decreased the intracellular ATP level. Based on these results, we have tried to examine the effect of VHSV NV protein on glycolytic enzyme glucokinase expression, which phosphorylates glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. Our results indicated that the NV protein significantly decreased the mRNA expression of glucokinase in olive flounder HINAE cells. Furthermore, the NV protein played a negative role in the promoter activation of glucokinase. Furthermore, glucose uptake was effectively inhibited by VHSV infection and NV protein expression in olive flounder HINAE cells. These results suggest that the VHSV NV protein negatively regulates glycolytic enzyme expression by a transcription level and eventually leads to gradual morbidity of olive flounder through cellular energy deprivation. The present results may be useful for the prevention and diagnosis of VHSV infection in olive flounder.
Improving QoE for Skype video call in Mobile Broadband Network (2012)

In this paper, we introduce an app-radio cross-layer framework for improving Quality of user Experience (QoE) of Over-The-Top (OTT) Internet applications in Mobile Broadband Networks, e.g. WiMAX, 3G, LTE, etc. We apply methods similar to the well-known network layer techniques: Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) to application layer and wireless link layer. We focus on UDP based delay-sensitive real-time video call applications such as Skype, and propose to exchange cross-layer information, e.g. congestion, packet priority, etc., through API (application programming interface) based control signals instead of the existing ECN and DiffServ fields in IP data packet header. We built a prototype system with Microsoft Windows XP OS and Intel Mobile WiMAX network adapter, and use POLQA Mean Opinion Score (MOS) to measure the audio QoE for the video call. Empirical results show that immediate congestion indication effectively speeds up Skype response to bandwidth variation, and intra-flow prioritization further reduces the delay of audio packets. Both significantly improve the audio MOS of a video call.
New insights into karst genesis processes in unsaturated zone thanks to process-like modelling (2019)

International audience
Nano Pt-decorated transparent solution-processed oxide semiconductor sensor with ppm detection capability (2019)

In this study, we fabricated a transparent Pt-decorated indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film based on a solution process to demonstrate a portable, low-cost volatile organic compound (VOC) based real-time monitoring system with the detection capability at as low as 1 ppm. The Pt/IGZO sensor shows remarkable response characteristics upon exposure of isobutylene (2-methylpropene) gas down to 1 ppm while also maintaining the reliability and reproducibility of the sensing capability, which is almost comparable to a commercial VOC sensor based on a photoionization detector (PID) method. For 1 ppm of isobutylene gas, the response and recovery time of the sensor estimated were as low as 25 s (<i>S</i> <sub>90</sub>) and 80 s (<i>R</i> <sub>90</sub>), respectively. The catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles on an IGZO nano-thin film plays a key role in drastically enhancing the sensitivity and dynamic response behaviour of the VOC sensor. Furthermore, the solution-processed IGZO thin film decorated with Pt nanoparticles also represents a highly transparent (in visible region, ∼90%) and low-cost fabrication platform, thereby, facilitating the optical visibility and disposability for future applications in the field of electronics. Therefore, we believe that the nano-Pt/IGZO hybrid material for VOC sensor developed by us will pave a way to detect any harmful chemical gases and VOCs in various environments.
Reactive coupling between immiscible polymer chains: Acceleration by compressive flow (2013)

It is demonstrated that processing flow affects the kinetics of the interfacial coupling reaction between functional groups that are grafted to polymer chains. At melt temperatures the amine group on the end of nylon 6 chains reacts with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE‐MA) and forms graft copolymers. Bilayers were made by lamination and coextrusion and adhesion was measured using asymmetric dual cantilever beam (ADCB). The amount of graft copolymer in the interface was quantified by X‐ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). With quiescent lamination, adhesion increased with temperature and the concentration of PE‐MA. The adhesion metric, G c (critical energy release rate), plotted as a function of Σ (interfacial copolymer density) fell on the same master curve, unifying reaction process, temperature and time. G c was a linear function of Σ for low‐copolymer coverage and weak adhesion. For relatively high coverage and strong adhesion, G c scaled with Σ. Coextrusion with compressive flow resulted in a reaction rate strikingly two‐orders of magnitude faster than that without compressive flow. The rate in the noncompressive die was close to quiescent lamination. Even for lamination, when compressive flow was applied normal to the interface, the coupling reaction rate was also greatly accelerated. Several mechanisms are speculated for this remarkable acceleration in polymer chain coupling. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 3391–3402, 2013
Novel Inhibitors of Cholesterol Degradation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveal How the Bacterium’s Metabolism Is Constrained by the Intracellular Environment (2015)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) relies on a specialized set of metabolic pathways to support growth in macrophages. By conducting an extensive, unbiased chemical screen to identify small molecules that inhibit Mtb metabolism within macrophages, we identified a significant number of novel compounds that limit Mtb growth in macrophages and in medium containing cholesterol as the principle carbon source. Based on this observation, we developed a chemical-rescue strategy to identify compounds that target metabolic enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism. This approach identified two compounds that inhibit the HsaAB enzyme complex, which is required for complete degradation of the cholesterol A/B rings. The strategy also identified an inhibitor of PrpC, the 2-methylcitrate synthase, which is required for assimilation of cholesterol-derived propionyl-CoA into the TCA cycle. These chemical probes represent new classes of inhibitors with novel modes of action, and target metabolic pathways required to support growth of Mtb in its host cell. The screen also revealed a structurally-diverse set of compounds that target additional stage(s) of cholesterol utilization. Mutants resistant to this class of compounds are defective in the bacterial adenylate cyclase Rv1625/Cya. These data implicate cyclic-AMP (cAMP) in regulating cholesterol utilization in Mtb, and are consistent with published reports indicating that propionate metabolism is regulated by cAMP levels. Intriguingly, reversal of the cholesterol-dependent growth inhibition caused by this subset of compounds could be achieved by supplementing the media with acetate, but not with glucose, indicating that Mtb is subject to a unique form of metabolic constraint induced by the presence of cholesterol.
The Effects of Clutch Damper in Idling Driveline Rattle (2013)

In recent years, measures have been implemented to improve automotive environmental performance, such as increasing engine torque at low speeds and reducing idling speed. These measures tend to increase the engine’s torque fluctuation, which adversely affects the noise and vibration (NV) phenomena of the powertrain. Demand continues to increase for NV measures in powertrains.Gear rattle, which is a general NV problem of powertrains, strongly influences the torsional stiffness and the hysteresis torque of the clutch damper, which is an absorption element of a powertrain, and the inertia of the transmission or the flywheel. In this paper, we built a mechanism analysis model of a powertrain that can predict gear rattle and examined the relevance of the first stage hysteresis torque of a clutch damper and the gear rattle behavior.
Photoconductivity in inverse silicon opals enhanced by slow photon effect: Yet another step towards optically amplified silicon photonic crystal solar cells (2011)

While silicon photonic crystals have promised revolutionary advances in the field of optical telecommunications and optical computing, it has only recently been realized that their prowess to trap and slow photons could potentially improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells. In this work, spectral responses for the electrical properties of inverse silicon opals are evaluated and show a correlation with photonic bandgaps. In particular, a sign of the enhanced photoelectric generation by the slow photon effect is observed at the edges of photonic bandgaps.
Intraoperative and Intensive Care Management of the Patient Undergoing Mild Hypothermia (2004)

Deep hypothermia (18–25°C) as a means of offering neuroprotection has long been accepted and utilized in the operative setting (1,2). It minimizes neuronal injury and death when used in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery or during craniotomies requiring circulatory arrest and a bloodless field. It is a very effective method of obtaining neuroprotection, but carries some risks, including cardiac arrhythmias, clotting defects, electrolyte abnormalities, and increased rates of infection (3). In addition, deep hypothermia significantly decreases drug metabolism and excretion (4).
A device for measurement of attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of nearly pure ultrasonic contrast agents (2003)

Describes a technique for broadband measurements of the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of highly attenuating liquid suspensions. To test the technique the authors apply it to the ultrasound contrast agent Albunex at concentrations ranging from 0.69/spl times/10/sup 6/ particles/mL to 364/spl times/10/sup 6/ particles/mL (0.1 to 50% concentration). These longitudinal wave measurements were performed on Albunex suspensions maintained at 37/spl deg/C in a special time-domain reflectometer designed and constructed in the authors' laboratory.
Quasi-Zero-Voltage Controlled Etching of Macropores in n-Type Silicon (2018)

Here, we report an experimental study about the controlled etching of macropores in n-type silicon electrodes at quasi-zero anodic voltage using hydrofluoric acid-based photo-electrochemical etching (P-ECE). This breaks a new ground on the controlled electrochemical dissolution of n-type silicon, for which the use of anodic voltage above the electropolishing peaks (Vps, Jps) has been considered to be a golden rule for the etching control, so far. Remarkably, our experimental results clearly show that it is possible to control the etching of macropores at anodic voltages well below (close to zero Volt) the electropolishing peak and that the use of low anodic voltages is beneficial for the fabrication of regular macropores with large diameter (i.e. 10 μm) and spatial pitch (i.e. 20 μm).
?Pseudo-conduction block? in vasculitic neuropathy (1999)

The predominant electrophysiologic feature of vasculitic mononeuropathy multiplex is axonal loss. Electrophysiologic findings interpreted as conduction block have, however, also been reported to occur in neuropathy secondary to necrotizing vasculitis. We report 3 patients with mononeuropathy multiplex and biopsy proven vasculitis in whom eight nerves met criteria for conduction block. In each circumstance, serial study demonstrated conversion of the electrophysiologic findings to those most consistent with severe axonal loss. "Conduction block" in vasculitic mononeuropathy multiplex is secondary to focal axonal conduction failure presumably related to infarctive axonal injury. The term conduction block should be used with caution in this disorder and only if serial studies demonstrate findings consistent with this electrophysiologic diagnosis.
Interleukin-4 receptor targeted immunotherapy of human bladder cancer in animal models (2014)

Meeting abstracts Previously, we have demonstrated that Interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed in bladder cancer biopsy specimens and its expression level correlates with the grade and stage of disease. Based on these observations, it is proposed that IL-4Rα is a prognostic
Overcoming Communication Latency Barriers in Massively Parallel Scientific Computation (2011)

Anton, a massively parallel special-purpose machine that accelerates molecular dynamics simulations by orders of magnitude, uses a combination of specialized hardware mechanisms and restructured software algorithms to reduce and hide communication latency. Anton delivers end-to-end internode latency significantly lower than any other large-scale parallel machine, and its critical-path communication time for molecular dynamics simulations is less than 3 percent that of the next-fastest platform.
Enhanced spin-based sensing using light trapping in a bulk diamond system (2014)

We introduce a room-temperature diamond magnetometer based on a multi-pass cell design. We estimate that we address ~ 1010 nitrogen vacancy centers, achieving a sensitivity of 93 nT / Hz while predicting a shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 93 fT / Hz.
Two-dimensional fiber-optic control of a true time-steered array transmitter (1996)

We report a first demonstration of a fiber-optic beamformer for independent two-dimensional (2-D) true time-delay steering of a transmitter array. The fiber-optic beamformer is based on a simple dispersive prism optical delay approach, with separate azimuth and elevation control stages. The azimuth dispersive prism stage includes an amount of dispersion in each link proportional to the corresponding column position in the array. The microwave signals, properly time-delayed for azimuth steering, are amplified and serve as inputs to identical dispersive prisms feeding the elements in each column. The elevation dispersive prism stages include an amount of dispersion in each link proportional to the corresponding row position in the array. Each time-delayed microwave signal feeds a single flared-notch element in a 4/spl times/4 array. The 2-D array pattern measurements in an anechoic chamber clearly demonstrate independent /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ azimuth and /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ elevation steering. There is no observed squint over the microwave-component determined bandwidth of 6-18 GHz.