gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Build-a-Radar Self-Paced Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) (2019)

Electromagnetic education can be greatly enhanced by providing students with a practical hands-on project that helps illustrate the different theoretical concepts covered. This paper introduces a unique build-a-radar course for this purpose, and is offered online for free in a self-paced massively open online format. The site can be accessed at https://llx.mit.edu, and provides students with an understanding of radar through the use of pre-recorded video lectures, review questions and associated reference materials. This course also contains a detailed set of instructions to guide students through the radar construction using a hardware kit that is also available online. Together, these combined offerings present a novel teaching tool for all students interested in radar and electromagnetics as a whole.
Enzyme-catalysed reaction for long-term fluorescent observation of single DNA molecules (2013)

The technical development of long-term fluorescent observation of single DNA molecules is central to fields ranging from molecular biological detection to understanding the physical properties of them under a microscope. Here, we address this challenge using protocatechuic acid and protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase (PADase) and demonstrate fluorescent lifetimes of dyed single DNA molecules of 150–180 s, three times longer than those without any treatments.
HIGH-THROUGHPUT SIZE BASED RARE CELL ISOLATION USING MICROSCALE VORTICES (2010)

Detection and isolation of rare cells from heterogeneous samples is in high demand in the fields of biology, immunology, tissue engineering and medicine. We developed a novel microfluidic device, allowing high-throughput and label-free rare cell isolation and enrichment from heterogeneous solution based on cell size. Utilizing microscale vortices, larger cancer cells spiked in blood were separated from the sample without the aid of mechanical structures or external forces. Highly viable samples collected off-chip suggest that the proposed technique would be useful for clinical and research application in which in vitro culture is often desired.
A skin-like two-dimensionally pixelized full-color quantum dot photodetector (2019)

Direct full-color photodetectors without sophisticated color filters and interferometric optics have attracted considerable attention for widespread applications. However, difficulties of combining various multispectral semiconductors and improving photon transfer efficiency for high-performance optoelectronic devices have impeded the translation of these platforms into practical realization. Here, we report a low-temperature (<150°C) fabricated two-dimensionally pixelized full-color photodetector by using monolithic integration of various-sized colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide semiconductors. By introducing trap-reduced chelating chalcometallate ligands, highly efficient charge carrier transport and photoresistor-free fine-patterning of QD layers were successfully realized, exhibiting extremely high photodetectivity (>4.2 × 10<sup>17</sup> Jones) and photoresponsivity (>8.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> A W<sup>-1</sup>) in a broad range of wavelengths (365 to 1310 nm). On the basis of these technologies, a wavelength discriminable phototransistor circuit array (>600 phototransistors) was implemented on a skin-like soft platform, which is expected to be a versatile and scalable approach for wide spectral image sensors and human-oriented biological devices.
The Dependency of Folliculogenesis and Corpus Luteum Function on Pulsatile Gonadotropin Secretion in Cycling Women Using a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist as a Probe (1986)

MAIS, V.; KAZER, R. R.; CETEL, N. S.; RIVIER, J.; VALE, W.; YEN, S. S. C. Author Information
New Manzamine Alkaloids from an Indo-Pacific Sponge. Pharmacokinetics, Oral Availability, and the Significant Activity of Several Manzamines against HIV-I, AIDS Opportunistic Infections, and Inflammatory Diseases (2004)

12,28-Oxamanzamine A (1), 12,28-oxa-8-hydroxymanzamine A (2), and 31-keto-12,34-oxa-32,33-dihydroircinal A (3) were isolated from two collections of an Indo-Pacific sponge, and their structures were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. These compounds possess a novel manzamine-type ring system generated through a new ether bridge formed between carbons 12 and 28 or between carbons 12 and 34 of the typical manzamine structure and add to our growing understanding of manzamine SAR and metabolism. Based on molecular modeling studies, the formation of these oxidation products is highly sterically favored. The potent antiinflammatory, antifungal, and anti-HIV-1 activity for a number of previously reported manzamines is also presented in addition to the pharmacokinetic studies of manzamine A (5). Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetic studies of manzamine A in rats indicated the compound to have low metabolic clearance, a reasonably long pharmacokinetic half-life, and good absolute oral bioavailability of 20.6%, which supports the value of these compounds as potential leads for further preclinical assessment and possible development.
Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and performance of NiCr/Cr_3C_2-WS_2 composite coatings (2013)

The NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2 high-temperature self-lubrication wear-resistant composite coatings were fabricated on substrate of austenitic stainless steel by laser cladding. The high-temperature structural stability of the composite coatings was evaluated by aging at 600 ℃ for 10 h,30 h,50 h,respectively,and the microstructure of the as-laser clad and aged coatings was examined by means of XRD,SEM,EDS. The sliding wear resistance of the as-laser and aged coatings was evaluated at 600 ℃. The results show that the γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr7C3 eutectic phase,Cr7C3 hard phase and CrS/WS2 phase all exist in the as-laser clad and aged coatings. The volume fraction of eutectic phases reduces gradually with the increasing of aging time due to their dissolution. The microhardness of the aged coating decreases slightly after aging at 600 ℃ for 50 h due to the dissolution of the eutectic phases and notable breaking or granulation of the Cr7C3 phases aging for 50 h,but the fractional properties are not significantly affected by heat treatment.
Clinicopathological, Immune and Molecular Correlates of PD-L2 Methylation in Gastric Adenocarcinomas (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> We investigated the significance of <i>PD-L2</i> DNA methylation in gastric adenocarcinomas. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed the methylation at different CpG sites within the PD-L2-encoding gene <i>PDCD1LG2</i> with regard to correlations and associations with gene expression, clinicopathological parameters, molecular features and immune cell infiltrates in two publicly available cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas and Singapore cohorts) of a total of 594 gastric adenocarcinoma patients. <b>Results:</b><i>PD-L2</i> methylation is significantly associated with transcriptional activity, survival, Epstein-Barr virus infection, <i>PD-L2</i> gene amplification, CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell infiltration, microsatellite instability and high mutational load (tumor mutational burden, hypermutation). <b>Conclusion:</b><i>PD-L2</i> methylation is associated with known predictive biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapies.
The gut microbiota and metabolic disease: current understanding and future perspectives (2016)

The human gut microbiota has been studied for more than a century. However, of nonculture-based techniques exploiting next-generation sequencing for analysing the microbiota, development has renewed research within the field during the past decade. The observation that the gut microbiota, as an environmental factor, contributes to adiposity has further increased interest in the field. The human microbiota is affected by the diet, and macronutrients serve as substrates for many microbially produced metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, that may modulate host metabolism. Obesity predisposes towards type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been established that levels of butyrate-producing bacteria are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas levels of Lactobacillus sp. are increased. Recent data suggest that the reduced levels of butyrate-producing bacteria might be causally linked to type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery, which promotes long-term weight loss and diabetes remission, alters the gut microbiota in both mice and humans. Furthermore, by transferring the microbiota from postbariatric surgery patients to mice, it has been demonstrated that an altered microbiota may contribute to the improved metabolic phenotype following this intervention. Thus, greater understanding of alterations of the gut microbiota, in combination with dietary patterns, may provide insights into how the gut microbiota contributes to disease progression and whether it can be exploited as a novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target.
Synthesis of Novel Phenylazomethine Dendrimers Having a Cyclam Core and Their Zinc Complex (2003)

[structure: see text] Novel phenylazomethine dendrimers having a cyclam core were synthesized by the convergent method. The dendrimers showed selective coordination with zinc chloride on the cyclam ring and with tin chloride on the imine groups. The metal cyclam exhibits a metal-assembling function to provide a multinuclear hetero metal complex.
WormBase 2014: new views of curated biology (2013)

WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org/) is a highly curated resource dedicated to supporting research using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With an electronic history predating the World Wide Web, WormBase contains information ranging from the sequence and phenotype of individual alleles to genome-wide studies generated using next-generation sequencing technologies. In recent years, we have expanded the contents to include data on additional nematodes of agricultural and medical significance, bringing the knowledge of C. elegans to bear on these systems and providing support for underserved research communities. Manual curation of the primary literature remains a central focus of the WormBase project, providing users with reliable, up-to-date and highly cross-linked information. In this update, we describe efforts to organize the original atomized and highly contextualized curated data into integrated syntheses of discrete biological topics. Next, we discuss our experiences coping with the vast increase in available genome sequences made possible through next-generation sequencing platforms. Finally, we describe some of the features and tools of the new WormBase Web site that help users better find and explore data of interest.
Distribution of Fullerene Nanomaterials between Water and Model Biological Membranes (2011)

Biological membranes are one of the important interfaces between cells and pollutants. Many polar and hydrophobic chemicals can accumulate within these membranes. For this reason, artificial biological membranes are appealing surrogates to complex organisms for assessing the bioaccumulation potential of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). To our knowledge, this work presents the first quantitative study on the distribution of fullerene ENMs between lipid bilayers, used as model biological membranes, and water. We evaluated the lipid bilayer-water association coefficients (K(lipw)) of aqueous fullerene aggregates (nC(60)) and fullerol (C(60)(ONa)(x)(OH)(y), x + y = 24). Kinetic studies indicated that fullerol reached apparent equilibrium more rapidly than nC(60) (2 h versus >9 h). Nonlinear isotherms can describe the distribution behavior of nC(60) and fullerol. The lipid bilayer-water distributions of both nC(60) and fullerol were pH-dependent with the accumulation in lipid bilayers increasing systematically as the pH decreased from 8.6 (natural water pH) to 3 (the low end of physiologically relevant pH). This pH dependency varies with the zeta potentials of the ENMs and leads to patterns similar to those previously observed for the lipid bilayer-water distribution behavior of ionizable organic pollutants. The K(lipw) value for nC(60) was larger than that of fullerol at a given pH, indicating a greater propensity for nC(60) to interact with lipid bilayers. For example, at pH 7.4 and an aqueous concentration of 10 mg/L, K(lipw) was 3.5 times greater for nC(60) (log K(lipw) = 2.99) relative to fullerol (log K(lipw) = 2.45). Comparisons with existing aquatic organism bioaccumulation studies suggested that the lipid bilayer-water distribution is a potential method for assessing the bioaccumulation potentials of ENMs.
ERK phosphorylation and miR-181a expression modulate activation of human memory TH17 cells (2015)

T helper (TH) cell polarization during priming is modulated by a number of signals, but whether polarization to a given phenotype also influences recall responses of memory TH cells is relatively unknown. Here we show that miR-181a is selectively induced in both human and mouse naive T cells differentiating into the TH17, but not TH1 or TH2 subset. In human memory TH17 cells, miR-181a regulates responses to cognate antigens through modulation of ERK phosphorylation. By enhancing the signalling cascade from the T-cell receptor, such molecular network reduces the threshold of TH17 cell activation. Moreover, at a late time point, the same network induces a self-regulatory mechanism dependent on ID3, a negative regulator of transcription factors that control RORC expression, thus modulating TH17 activity. Our results demonstrate that the phenotype acquired by TH cells during priming contributes to their threshold of activation to secondary antigenic stimulations, thus influencing memory responses.
Chapter 26: Robust Optimization in Radiation Therapy (2017)

26.1 ▪ Introduction Radiation therapy is the medical use of ionizing radiation. It is used to treat nearly two thirds of the cancer patients in the United States [68], either alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation kills cells by damaging the cellular DNA. A curative treatment requires administration of a sufficiently high dose to the tumor to eradicate the clonogenic cancer cells to an extent that results in permanent tumor control. The amount of dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues must at the same time be restricted for the treatment not to result in adverse effects. Radiation therapy treatment planning aims to strike the right balance between the probability of tumor control and the probability of complications due to the treatment.
Full-duplex speakerphone with acoustic and line echo cancelers (1991)

In this paper, a complete speakerphone is implemented with an AT&amp;T WE DSP16A microprocessor. This single chip implementation has the advantage of low cost and hence can be applied to the speakerphone installed in a small conference room or a hands-free cellular phone. A robust speech detector is developed to classify four different operation modes; a corresponding gain regulation algorithm is then applied to guarantee the stability of local acoustic and electronic loop. More specifically, it reduces signal levels on both channels when in idle mode, freezes acoustic (or line) echo canceler during the transmit (or receive) mode, and freezes both echo cancelers when double talk mode occurs. The performance of the system is evaluated by computer simulation and tested by real time experiment.
Living in a Silver Zone: Residents’ perceptions of area-wide traffic calming measures in Singapore (2022)

Traffic calming has been introduced in many cities in a bid to create more age-friendly and sustainable communities. This study uses Q methodology to understand the perspectives and experiences of residents after almost a decade since the first implementation of traffic calming measures in neighbourhoods in Singapore. In particular, we focused on the Silver Zone programme, which involves the introduction of senior-friendly road safety features in areas with a high proportion of senior residents and where there have been past road traffic injury involving seniors. With 26 participants, we identified three perspectives and termed them the Road Safety Enthusiast, Inconvenienced Users, and Implementation Critics. While their perspectives of the traffic calming measures were different, we found that all three groups broadly supported the objectives of Silver Zones. The participants were able to identify that the benefits of traffic calming go beyond protecting vulnerable populations to enhancing the liveability and overall traffic safety of their neighbourhood and community. However, the benefits and inconveniences of these measures were felt differently across these groups, which are areas for planners and policymakers to address to increase the support for traffic calming in neighbourhoods. The efficacy of Q methodology for mobility and planning related research is also supported and further discussed in the article.
Pharmacological or genetic orexin1 receptor inhibition attenuates MK-801 induced glutamate release in mouse cortex (2014)

The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptides are produced by a cluster of neurons within the lateral posterior hypothalamus and participate in neuronal regulation by activating their receptors (OX1 and OX2 receptors). The orexin system projects widely through the brain and functions as an interface between multiple regulatory systems including wakefulness, energy balance, stress, reward, and emotion. Recent studies have demonstrated that orexins and glutamate interact at the synaptic level and that orexins facilitate glutamate actions. We tested the hypothesis that orexins modulate glutamate signaling via OX1 receptors by monitoring levels of glutamate in frontal cortex of freely moving mice using enzyme coated biosensors under inhibited OX1 receptor conditions. MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, was administered subcutaneously (0.178 mg/kg) to indirectly disinhibit pyramidal neurons and therefore increase cortical glutamate release. In wild-type mice, pretreatment with the OX1 receptor antagonist GSK-1059865 (10 mg/kg S.C.) which had no effect by itself, significantly attenuated the cortical glutamate release elicited by MK-801. OX1 receptor knockout mice had a blunted glutamate release response to MK-801 and exhibited about half of the glutamate release observed in wild-type mice in agreement with the data obtained with transient blockade of OX1 receptors. These results indicate that pharmacological (transient) or genetic (permanent) inhibition of the OX1 receptor similarly interfere with glutamatergic function in the cortex. Selectively targeting the OX1 receptor with an antagonist may normalize hyperglutamatergic states and thus may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders associated with hyperactive states.
Are FPGAs suffering from the innovator's dilemna? (2013)

FPGAs constitute a highly profitable industry, with approximately $5 billion of sales per year. High barriers to entry keep most companies away, and enable high profit margins for the incumbents. The industry has grown greatly over the years, but still constitutes a small portion of the overall semiconductor market. This raises the question to be addressed by this panel: is the FPGA community innovating as much as it should, or is a bias to maintain high profit margins and protect the cash flow of the current FPGA market holding us back from exploring new ideas and products that could greatly expand the appeal of and market for FPGA-related technology? This would be a classic case of the innovator's dilemma defined by Clayton Christensen: it is difficult for a company to engage in creative destruction of a cash cow product.
Effect of uncoupling protein‐1 expression on 3T3‐L1 adipocyte gene expression (2007)

The mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) partially uncouples substrate oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation to promote the dissipation of cellular biochemical energy as heat in brown adipose tissue. We have recently shown that expression of UCP1 in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes reduces the accumulation of triglycerides. Here, we investigated the molecular basis underlying UCP1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Gene expression data showed that forced UCP1 expression down-regulated several energy metabolism pathways; but ATP levels were constant. A metabolic flux analysis model was used to reflect the gene expression changes onto metabolic processes and concordance was observed in the down-regulation of energy consuming pathways. Our data suggest that adipocytes respond to long-term mitochondrial uncoupling by minimizing ATP utilization.
Antioxidant phospholipid calix[4]arene mimics as micellular delivery systems (2013)

Amphiphilic calix[4]arenes were designed as phospholipid mimics by incorporating PO3H2 or NMe3(+) head groups. Using PC12 cells and three stressors (H2O2, menadione and glutamate), we established safe calix[4]arene levels that are able not only to deliver antioxidant payloads of curcumin, but intriguingly also have inherent antioxidant properties. The calix[4]arenes appear to be potent synthetic antioxidants that could be used as nano-carriers for drug delivery.
3-D Audio in Mobile Communication Devices: Effects of Self-Created and External Sounds on Presence in Auditory Virtual Environments (2024)

This article describes a series of experiments which were carried out to measure the sense of presence in auditory virtual environments. Within the study a comparison of self-created signals to signals created by the surrounding environment is drawn. Furthermore, it is investigated if the room characteristics of the simulated environment have consequences on the perception of presence during vocalization or when listening to speech. Finally the experiments give information about the influence of background signals on the sense of presence. In the experiments subjects rated the degree of perceived presence in an auditory virtual environment on a perceptual scale. It is described which parameters have the most influence on the perception of presence and which ones are of minor influence. The results show that on the one hand an external speaker has more influence on the sense of presence than an adequate presentation of one’s own voice. On the other hand both room reflections and adequately presented background signals significantly increase the perceived presence in the virtual environment.
Reading Your Mind: Interfaces for Wearable Computing (2008)

Today's mobile devices have inherited many of the characteristics of desktop computing -- including the assumptions that the user's full attention and dexterity can be focused on the interface. Unfortunately, on-the-go users are impaired by their mobility and often find desktop-style Windows Icon Menu and Pointer (WIMP) interfaces difficult, if not impossible, to use while performing their primary task (walking, having a conversation, fixing a copier, etc.). Instead of having interfaces that consume attention, why can't mobile devices be like a well-trained English butler who needs so little direction to satisfy his client's needs that he seems to read minds? Inspired by this concept, we will demonstrate mobile interfaces that provide valuable services while requiring little effort by the user.