gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B3: Hijacking antibody-induced CTLA-4 lysosomal degradation for safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Abstract It remains unclear why the clinically used anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, popularly called checkpoint inhibitors, have severe immunotherapy-related adverse effects (irAEs) and yet suboptimal cancer immunotherapeutic effects (CITE). Here we report that while irAE-prone Ipilimumab and TremeIgG1 rapidly direct cell surface CTLA-4 for lysosomal degradation, the non-irAE-prone antibodies we generated, HL12 or HL32, dissociate from CTLA-4 after endocytosis and allow CTLA-4 recycling to cell surface by the LRBA-dependent mechanism. Disrupting CTLA-4 recycling results in robust CTLA-4 downregulation by all anti-CTLA-4 antibodies and confers toxicity to a non-irAE-prone anti-CTLA-4 mAb. Conversely, increasing the pH sensitivity of TremeIgG1 by introducing designed tyrosine-to-histidine mutations prevents antibody-triggered lysosomal CTLA-4 downregulation and dramatically attenuates irAE. Surprisingly, by avoiding CTLA-4 downregulation and due to their increased bioavailability, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 antibodies are more effective in intratumor regulatory T-cell depletion and rejection of large established tumors. Our data establish a new paradigm for cancer research that allows for abrogating irAE while increasing CITE of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Citation Format: Yan Zhang, Xuexiang Du, Mingyue Liu, Fei Tang, Peng Zhang, Chunxia Ai, James K. Fields, Eric J. Sundberg, Olga S. Latinovic, Martin Devenport, Pan Zheng, Yang Liu. Hijacking antibody-induced CTLA-4 lysosomal degradation for safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B3.
Fracture and subcritical crack-growth behavior of Y-Si-Al-O-N glasses and Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramics (2000)

Fracture and environmentally assisted subcritical crack-growth processes are examined in bulk Y-Si-Al-O-N oxynitride glasses with compositions typical of the grain boundary phase of silicon nitride ceramics. Both long-crack (in compact tension specimens) as well as short-crack behavior (using indentation techniques) were investigated to establish a reliable fracture toughness and to elucidate the anomalous densification behavior of the oxynitride glass. Environmentally assisted subcritical crack-growth processes were studied in inert, moist, and wet environments under both cyclic and static loading conditions. Behavior is discussed in terms of the interaction of the environment with the crack tip. Likely mechanisms for environmentally assisted crack growth are discussed and related to the subcritical crack-growth behavior of silicon nitride ceramics.
Influence of inosine pranobex on cell viability in normal fibroblasts and liver cancer cells (2018)

Based on the cytotoxicity endpoints measured in these investigations in BALB/3T3 clone A31cells, it can be concluded that the cell membrane may be the first part of the cell to be affected by inosine pranobex. The disintegration of lysosomes and mitochondria follows mitochondria damage. In HepG2 cells likewise, the cell membrane may be the first part of the cell to be affected by inosine pranobex. Also in liver cancer cells, the disintegration of mitochondria (assessed with the MTT reduction assay) and next of lysosomes (assessed with the NRU assay) follows mitochondria damage.
Design and Synthesis of Potent and Selective Azaindole‐Based Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors (2008)

Rho kinase plays a pivotal role in several cellular processes such as vasoregulation, making it a suitable target for the treatment of hypertension and related disorders. We discovered a new compound class of Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors containing a 7-azaindole hinge-binding scaffold tethered to an aminopyrimidine core. Herein we describe the structure-activity relationships elucidated through biochemical and functional assays. The introduction of suitable substituents at the 3-position of the bicyclic moiety led to an increase in activity, which was required to design compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Azaindole 32 was identified as a highly selective and orally available ROCK inhibitor able to cause a sustained blood pressure reduction in vivo.
Abstract LB-306: Pre-treatment sera from NSCLC patients with different outcomes on EGFR-TKI therapy differentially affects sensitivity of lung cancer cell lines to EGFR-TKIs (2011)

Abstract Background: VeriStrat (VS) is a pre-treatment mass spectrometry-based test that correlates with clinical outcome after 2nd line therapy with gefitinib or erlotinib in advanced NSCLC. The blinded validation showed that patients classified as “Good” had significantly better overall survival than those classified as “Poor” (HR = 0.47 P = 0.0094 in one cohort, HR = 0.33 P = 0.0007 in another).(1) Mass spectra from VS Poor patients have relatively high abundance of eight peaks (proteins) and we believe these reflect an elevated host response to the tumor. Based on our clinical data and our understanding of the VeriStrat signature, we hypothesized that serum from VS Poor patients would increase the resistance of tumor cells to gefitinib in vitro. Methods: The gefitinib sensitive line HCC4006 has an EGFR exon 19 deletion and the resistant line A549 is EGFR wild type. Human sera were from stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients and characterized as VS Good or Poor. Pools were created by combining sera within each classification and used in growth inhibition assays. Cells were plated (10 replicates/drug concentration; 2,000 cells/well) using two media compositions; RPMI with 10% Good serum or RPMI with 10% Poor serum. After 24 hours, gefitinib was added and the plates were incubated for 6 days. The MTT assay was used to measure growth inhibition. Conclusion: There was a relative decrease in inhibition of sensitive cells when grown in VS Poor serum, but no significant change in resistant tumor cells. We demonstrate that VS Poor serum has a different biological effect on tumor cells than VS Good serum. These results shed light on the nature of the host-tumor interaction and the relative efficacy of targeted therapies in patient populations. We will have similar data from 6–8 additional cell lines with and without EGFR mutations. (1) Taguchi et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 99(11):838–46. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-306. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-306
Shaping of Aluminum Foam during Foaming of Precursor Using Steel Mesh with Various Opening Ratios (2019)

In this study, steel meshes with various opening ratios φ were used to shape aluminum foams during precursor foaming. The effect of φ on the heating rate and shape of the obtained aluminum foams was investigated. It was found that steel meshes with various opening ratios can be used to shape aluminum foam. There is no significant effect on the pore structures of the obtained aluminum foams when upward expansion is restricted during foaming, regardless of the value of φ. The meshes with higher φ clearly transfer the mesh pattern onto the surface of the aluminum foam but require a shorter foaming time. In contrast, the lower-φ meshes produce aluminum foams with a smoother surface but a longer foaming time is required.
Guided Tour to the Heart of RISC (2012)

The crystal structures of human and yeast Argonaute proteins reveal the intricacies of the multidomain enzyme at the hub of the RNA interference machinery.
Noncoherent compressive sensing with application to distributed radar (2011)

We consider a multi-static radar scenario with spatially dislocated receivers that can individually extract delay information only. Furthermore, we assume that the receivers are not phase-synchronized, so the measurements across receivers can only be combined noncoherently. We cast this scenario as a compressive sensing reconstruction problem, where the vector of unknowns consists of complex baseband coefficients of tentative targets at discrete positions within a region of interest. The difference to previous work is that each receiver has to have a separate set of variables to account for the noncoherent measurement model. This leads to multiple reconstruction problems that are individually ill-defined, but can be regularized by a shared sparsity pattern, as studied in jointly- or block-sparse reconstruction problems. We evaluate this approach in a simple scenario with three receivers and three closely spaced targets. Using the popular basis pursuit and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithms, we find that targets can be fully resolved and that the position estimation error is close to the Cramér-Rao lower bound based on an estimator that knows the number of targets.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Killing of <i>Salmonella</i>-Infected Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Killing of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt;-Infected Tumor Cells
Haze Artifact reduction in cardiovascular synthetic aperture imaging in use of intertransmission coherence factor (2021)

In cardiovascular medical ultrasound applications, the use of spatially decimated focused-transmission synthetic aperture (SA) imaging is promising to achieve both high SNR and high-frame-rate. But unlike prevailing planar/divergence SA, the use of focused transmission where the virtual source of SA is placed in the imaging area for the better penetration with up to 160-mm field-of-view result in severe haze artifacts in the heart chambers. We hypothesize the haze is caused by the grating lobe due to the decimated focused transmission of SA and propose a method for reducing artifacts by using the intertransmission coherence factor (ITCF) [1] focusing on the fact that SA grating lobe signal is less coherent than the main lobe signals. Simulation and in vivo experiment revealed that there is a strong relation between the grating lobe and haze artifact. When imaging a human heart (under approval of institutional review board) using 4-times transmission decimation (equivalent to 160 frames/s) with a phased array probe, the ITCF method was able to reduce the grating artifacts within heart chambers greatly by more than 15 dB, while maintaining the intensity of myocardium, LV/LA wall, mitral valve, and other tissue/organ structures. [1] Ikeda et al. IEEE Trans. UFFC, doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3088678 (2021).
Nanoscale imaging of chemical interactions: Fluorine on graphite (2000)

Using C60-functionalized scanning tunneling microscope tips, we have investigated the adsorption of fluorine on graphite. Based on characteristics of the accompanying electron standing waves, we are able to distinguish the fluorine adatoms that have bonded ionically to the graphite surface from those that have formed covalent bonds with the surface. This result permits determination of the ratio of ionic to covalent C-F bonds on graphite obtained by gas phase fluorination, which seems to be temperature-independent between 200 and 300 degrees C under the reaction conditions used.
Prophylactic oophorectomy and ovarian cancer surveillance. Patient perceptions and satisfaction. (2001)

Few women undergoing prophylactic oophorectomy had regret about their decision, though half these women would have liked more information prior to surgery. Many women undergoing ovarian cancer surveillance had some regret about or dissatisfaction with their decision.
Chemistry of zero- and low-valent metal phosphine and phosphite complexes. 4. The iron system (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of zero- and low-valent metal phosphine and phosphite complexes. 4. The iron systemT. V. Harris, J. W. Rathke, and E. L. MuettertiesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 22, 6966–6977Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00490a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00490a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Postnatal Expansion, Maturation, and Functionality of MR1T Cells in Humans (2020)

MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells are defined by their recognition of metabolite antigens presented by the monomorphic MHC class 1-related molecule, MR1, the most highly conserved MHC class I related molecule in mammalian species. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the predominant subset of MR1T cells expressing an invariant TCR α-chain, TRAV1-2. These cells comprise a T cell subset that recognizes and mediates host immune responses to a broad array of microbial pathogens, including <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Here, we sought to characterize development of circulating human MR1T cells as defined by MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer labeling and of the TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> MAIT cells defined by expression of TRAV1-2 and high expression of CD26 and CD161 (TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>++</sup>CD26<sup>++</sup> cells). We analyzed postnatal expansion, maturation, and functionality of peripheral blood MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer<sup>+</sup> MR1T cells in cohorts from three different geographic settings with different tuberculosis (TB) vaccination practices, levels of exposure to and infection with <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Early after birth, frequencies of MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer<sup>+</sup> MR1T cells increased rapidly by several fold. This coincided with the transition from a predominantly CD4<sup>+</sup> and TRAV1-2<sup>-</sup> population in neonates, to a predominantly TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>++</sup>CD26<sup>++</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> population. We also observed that tetramer<sup>+</sup> MR1T cells that expressed TNF upon mycobacterial stimulation were very low in neonates, but increased ~10-fold in the first year of life. These functional MR1T cells in all age groups were MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer<sup>+</sup>TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> and highly expressed CD161 and CD26, markers that appeared to signal phenotypic and functional maturation of this cell subset. This age-associated maturation was also marked by the loss of naïve T cell markers on tetramer<sup>+</sup> TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> MR1T cells more rapidly than tetramer<sup>+</sup>TRAV1-2<sup>-</sup> MR1T cells and non-MR1T cells. These data suggest that neonates have infrequent populations of MR1T cells with diverse phenotypic attributes; and that exposure to the environment rapidly and preferentially expands the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer<sup>+</sup>TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> population of MR1T cells, which becomes the predominant population of functional MR1T cells early during childhood.
Advances in Optical Components and Subsystems for Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Communications (2004)

The implementation of optical networks is considered to be the only solution to meet the future demands in the communications area. Despite the economic downturn, we received an encouraging level of submissions for this special section. Some of the papers included here were initially presented in the SPIE Information Technologies and Communications ~ITCOM! conference on active and passive components and also in the optical computing algorithms and architecture conference. This special section is comprised of 14 papers in the areas of wavelengthdivision multiplexing ~WDM! components, systems and optimization, and applications. Between the source and the detector of an optical network, there are a number of important components technologies that make up the optical WDM network. The WDM components papers included in this special section are on interconnections, waveguides, fiber amplifiers, dispersion compensators, switching, add-drop multiplexers, clock recovery circuits, and detectors. In the first paper of this series, Kawai discusses interconnections between vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers ~VCSEL! sources and fibers. Various alignment and packaging issues for developing interconnections between VCSEL sources and fiber waveguides are addressed in this paper. Waveguides consisting of heterostructured photonic crystals are the topic of the next paper by Ohtera et al. The authors describe an autocloning technology that minimizes the propagation loss to 0.1 dB/mm. To reduce the propagation loss while increasing the capacity and distance of an optical network, laser amplifiers are essential. In the next paper, Wang and Dutta present a model for an Er-Yb double-clad amplifier. Theoretical as well as numerical
Fabrication and characterization of ZnSe-based blue/green laser diodes (1993)

P- and n-type doping of ZnSe is the key technology to fabricate blue/green laser diodes. ZnCdSe/ZnSe quantum-well stripe-geometry laser diodes have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with nitrogen radical doping and chlorine doping techniques. Lasing was obtained in the pulsed operation at room temperature by applying high-reflectivity facet coating and in the continuous wave operation at 77 K. The characteristic temperature was obtained to be 137 K below room temperature. The cavity parameters were investigated at 77 K for a single- quantum-well separate-confinement-heterostructure. An internal loss of 1.2 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, an internal quantum efficiency of 61%, a transparency current density of 10 kA/(cm<SUP>2</SUP>micrometers ) and a gain factor of 0.095 cmmicrometers /A were obtained. The optical gain is improved by lowering the dislocation density in the laser structure.
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Single Mode Nanophotonic-Plasmonic Waveguides (2016)

We analyze the generation of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy signals from integrated bowtie antennas, excited and collected by a single mode silicon nitride waveguide, and discuss strategies to enhance the Signal-to-Noise Ratio.
Identification of the CC chemokines TARC and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β as novel functional ligands for the CCR8 receptor (1998)

Chemokines are key molecules in directing leukocyte migration toward sites of inflammation. We have previously cloned a putative CC chemokine receptor gene, TER1, whose expression is restricted to lymphoid tissues and cell lines. Recently, this receptor has been shown to signal in response to the human CC chemokine I-309 and thus it has been renamed CCR8 according to the current nomenclature. In the present study, we report the identification of the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta) as CCR8 ligands, as they induce chemotaxis in CCR8 Jurkat stable transfectants. Furthermore, we have generated a polyclonal antiserum that is able to recognize the CCR8 molecule in transfectant lysates. The pattern of CCR8 mRNA expression and the functional effects exerted by its ligand suggest that the triggering of this receptor may regulate multiple functions including activation, migration and proliferation of lymphoid cells.
Nanoelectronic Properties and Applications of Chemically Functionalized Graphene (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Regulation of immune response to tumor antigen: interference with syngeneic tumor immunity by anti-IA alloantisera. (1979)

We present evidence for a role of I-A subregion-encoded determinants in syngeneic tumor immunity. In animals rendered immune to the S1509a fibrosarcoma, daily treatment with microliter quantities of antisera directed against Kk and I-Ak determinants expressed on lymphoid cells of host origin decreased the capacity for immune tumor rejection. Absorption studies revealed that anti-I-Ak antibody activity alone was sufficient for the manifestation of this effect. Furthermore, experiments utilizing F1 hybrids showed that an antiserum that was genetically unable to interact with H-2 determinants expressed on the tumor was equally effective in inhibiting tumor immunity. Suggestive evidence that the activity of this antiserum is related to interference with the generation of effector T cell function was provided by the observation that hyperimmune animals pretreated with an anti-Kk,I-Ak antiserum were no longer capable of adoptively transferring tumor immunity to naive recipients. Thus, it is possible to regulate the secondary immune response to tumor antigens by using antisera with specificity for I-A determinants expressed on cells or possibly on factors of the host lymphoid system.
History of ocular straylight measurement: A review (2012)

The earliest studies on 'disability glare' date from the early 20(th) century. The condition was defined as the negative effect on visual function of a bright light located at some distance in the visual field. It was found that for larger angles (>1 degree) the functional effect corresponded precisely to the effect of a light with a luminosity equal to that of the light that is perceived spreading around such a bright source. This perceived spreading of light was called straylight and by international standard disability glare was defined as identical to straylight. The phenomenon was recognized in the ophthalmological community as an important aspect of the quality of vision and attempts were made to design instruments to measure it. This must not be confused with instruments that assess light spreading over small distances (<1 degree), as originating from (higher order) aberrations and defocus. In recent years a new instrument has gained acceptance (C-Quant) for objective and controllable assessment of straylight in the clinical setting. This overview provides a sketch of the historical development of straylight measurement, as well as the results of studies on the origins of straylight (or disability glare) in the normal eye, and on findings on cataract (surgery) and corneal conditions.
Modeling pointing at targets of arbitrary shapes (2007)

We investigate pointing at graphical targets of arbitrary shapes. We first describe a previously proposed probabilistic Fitts' law model [7] which, unlike previous models that only account for rectangular targets, has the potential to handle arbitrary shapes. Three methods of defining the centers of arbitrarily shaped targets for use within the model are developed. We compare these methods of defining target centers, and validate the model using a pointing experiment in which the targets take on various shapes. Results show that the model can accurately account for the varying target shapes. We discuss the implications of our results to interface design.