gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattered Pilots-Based Frequency Synchronization for Multiuser OFDM Systems With Large Number of Receive Antennas (2017)

Large-scale multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technique has drawn considerable research interest recently. However, multiuser transmissions in large-scale MIMO systems would face challenging estimation and compensation for multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) that co-exist at the receiver. In this paper, we design a new frequency synchronization scheme in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing uplink with the aid of scattered pilot symbols. We specifically consider a base station with a large number of antennas and propose to assign a number of scattered pilot subcarriers to each user. With sufficient spatial dimensions offered by the large number of antennas, the designed scheme could estimate CFO for each user individually and eliminate the necessity of the multidimensional search. Moreover, after the CFO estimation, the receive beamforming matrix is further designed for inter-user interference cancelation, which yields an equivalent single user transmission model. The conventional single user channel estimation and data detection can then be performed. Finally, the numerical results are provided to verify the proposed studies.
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tof protein contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal that is able to functionally replace the amino-terminal domain of Rex (1997)

The X region of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) encodes two nucleolar/nuclear proteins, the posttranscriptional regulator of mRNA expression Rex and a protein of unknown function named Tof. To gain insight into the possible biological role of Tof, we investigated the mechanism governing its intracellular trafficking and identified its nucleolar/nuclear localization signal (NLS). Mutational analysis of Tof revealed that its NLS was located between amino acids 71 and 98 and contained two arginine-rich domains that functioned in an interdependent manner. Studies of Tof-Rex hybrid proteins showed that the Tof NLS could functionally replace the NLS of Rex at the level of nuclear targeting. As the NLS of Rex is known to mediate its interaction with its RNA target, the Rex-responsive element (RXRE), we tested whether the NLS of Tof could replace that of Rex in mediating activation of a RXRE-containing mRNA. Results showed that the NLS of Tof was indeed able to mediate activation of RXRE-containing mRNAs, suggesting that Tof itself may function as a regulator of RNA expression and utilization. A comparison of their compartmentalization in response to actinomycin D treatment indicated that Tof did not share Rex's shuttling pathway. Expression of Tof from its natural multiply spliced mRNA required the presence of Rex, suggesting that Tof may regulate viral or cellular mRNA expression during the later stages of viral replication.
Trajectory Tracking Control of a Two-axis Arm Driven by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles: Application of Plant-variable-optimal Control and Performance Improvement with an Observer Using Pressure Data (2008)

This paper is concerned with trajectory tracking control of a two-axis arm driven by pneumatic artificial muscles, in which it is important for the plant output to track general reference inputs other than step signals. To comply with this control objective, this paper applies the plant-variable-optimal (PV-optimal) servo system derived in the framework of two-degree-of-freedom optimal control, and shows that trajectory tracking can be achieved with high accuracy by taking the intrinsic features of the arm into account in the design. That is, we first apply a minor feedback loop based on the pressure measurements about the pneumatic muscles, and then derive a plant model taking account of the relationship between the link angles and pressure measurements. We then adjust the weighting matrices for the PV-optimal servo system according to the physical meaning of the plant state, and design an observer that uses pressure measurements as well as link angle measurements. It is demonstrated with experiments that trajectory tracking with high accuracy can be achieve with such design procedures.
Cornucopia of Nanoscale Ordered Phases in Sphere-Forming Tetrablock Terpolymers (2016)

In this paper, we report the phase behavior of a series of poly(styrene)-b-poly(isoprene)-b-poly(styrene)'-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SIS'O) tetrablock terpolymers. This study was motivated by self-consistent field theory (SCFT) calculations that anticipate a rich array of sphere-forming morphologies with variations in the molecular symmetry parameter τ = N<sub>S</sub>/(N<sub>S</sub> + N<sub>S</sub>'), where N is the block degree of polymerization and the volume fraction of O is less than about 0.22. Eight SIS'O samples, with τ ranging from 0.21 to 0.73, were synthesized and investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, yielding evidence of nine different spherical phases: hexagonal, FCC, HCP, BCC, rhombohedral (tentative), liquid-like packing, dodecagonal quasicrystal, and Frank–Kasper σ and A15 phases. At temperatures close to the order–disorder transition, these tetrablocks behave as pseudo-[SIS']-O diblocks and form equilibrium morphologies mediated by facile chain exchange between micelles. Transition from equilibrium to nonequilibrium behavior occurs at a temperature (T<sub>erg</sub>) several tens of degrees below the order–disorder transition temperature, speculated to be coincident with the loss of ergodicity, as chain exchange is arrested due to increased segregation strength between the core (O) and corona (SIS') blocks. Nonequilibrium ordered structures form when T < T<sub>erg</sub>; these are interpreted using SCFT calculations to elucidate the free energy landscape driving ordering in the S and I block matrix. These experiments demonstrate a profound dependence on phase stability with variations in τ and temperature, providing insights into the formation of ordered phase symmetry in this class of asymmetric multiblock polymers.
Generation and recombination of free carriers in silicon nano-waveguides (2019)

Generation and recombination of free carriers in silicon photonics is fundamental to understand several nonlinear optical phenomena and engineer novel devices. Particularly in strip nano-waveguides, the tightly confined optical field results in highly efficient generation of free-carriers, both through linear and nonlinear absorption. Furthermore, the large surface-to-volume ratio results in a nonlinear recombination behavior dominated by a trap-assisted mechanism. Through time-resolved pump-and-probe experiments, we performed a detailed experimental characterization of linear and nonlinear generation rates, as well as recombination dynamics. We developed analytical expressions to determine the carrier density averaged along the waveguide from the measured free-carrier absorption for different input pump power levels. As a result, we were able to discriminate the contributions from two-photon absorption (TPA) and single-photon absorption (SPA), obtaining absorption coefficients of (1.5&plusmn;0.1) cm/GW and (1.9&plusmn;0.1) m<sup>−1</sup> , respectively. Our results then reveal that the effective TPA within the waveguide is higher than the value reported for bulk silicon, and that SPA plays an important role in carrier generation up to &asymp;300 mW. With regards to recombination dynamics, our results show a highly nonlinear decay curve with instantaneous carrier lifetime varying as the recombination evolves (initially faster with lifetime of ∼800 ps and slower at final stages of the decay, reaching ∼300 ns). We interpret our results with a theoretical framework based on trap-assisted recombination statistics applied to strip nano-waveguides, and explore its implication to the dynamics of nonlinear nanophotonic devices in which free carriers play a critical role.
Unbound bilirubin measurements in term and late-preterm infants (2020)

The relationship between TSB and Bf in healthy infants is complex, with the inability of one to predict the other's level in infants with elevated TSB. The mechanism of bilirubin-related neurotoxicity suggests that the management of jaundice in healthy infants requires Bf measurements. Management of jaundice with TSB may result in more infants exposed to phototherapy. However, unexpected elevations of Bf occur in an apparently healthy population.
Pattern Etching of Ta X-ray Mask Absorber on SiC Membrane by Inductively Coupled Plasma (1998)

Patterning of an X-ray mask absorber after Si back-etching is desirable from the viewpoint of the pattern placement accuracy. We investigated Ta X-ray absorber etching on an SiC membrane equipped on a mask frame using a low-stress CrN hard mask and an ICP etcher with a He cooling system. In this system, the membrane temperature and the self-bias voltage could be controlled. A 40-nm-thick CrN film was etched using a 200-nm-thick resist and Cl 2 and O 2 gases with a selectivity of 0.72 and a vertical sidewall. A 400-nm-thick Ta film was etched using Cl 2 gas at an electrode temperature of -10°C and a low gas pressure of 0.1 Pa. A high selectivity of Ta to CrN, 42, was obtained, and lines and spaces patterns below 0.1 µm with vertical sidewalls could be fabricated.
Hospitalization for Influenza A Versus B (2016)

Mortality associated with pediatric influenza B infection was greater than that of influenza A. Among healthy children hosptialized with influenza B, those 10 years and older had a significant risk of ICU admission.
Design for Thermo-Acoustic Stability: Modeling of Burner and Flame Dynamics (2013)

A design for thermo-acoustic stability (DeTAS) procedure is presented that aims at selecting the most stable burner geometry for a given combustor. It is based on the premise that a thermo-acoustic stability model of the combustor can be formulated and that a burner design exists, which has geometric design parameters that sufficiently influence the dynamics of the flame. Describing the flame dynamics in dependence of the geometrical parameters, an optimization procedure involving a linear stability model of the target combustor, maximizes the damping and thereby yields the optimal geometrical parameters. To demonstrate the procedure on an existing annular combustor a generic burner design was developed that features significant variability of dynamical flame response in dependence of two geometrical parameters. In this paper the experimentally determined complex burner acoustics and complex flame responses are described in terms of physics-based parametric models with excellent agreement between experimental and model data. It is shown that these model parameters correlate uniquely with the variation of the burner geometrical parameters, allowing interpolating the model with respect to the geometrical parameters. The interpolation is validated with experimental data.
Optimization of an AC/DC High- <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$T_{\rm c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> SQUID Magnetometer Detection Unit for Evaluation of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Solution (2014)

We have optimized the detection unit of a previously developed AC/DC magnetometer that employs a high critical temperature superconducting quantum interference device high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> SQUID. Optimization involves improvement of the usable dynamic range of the high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> SQUID system during excitation with an AC magnetic field using a tuned compensation coil and an increase in the DC magnetic field resolution using a secondary excitation coil. The compensation coil technique had resulted in a single and compact detection coil using one SQUID for both AC and DC magnetization measurement functions with improved sensitivity in AC measurements. The sensitivity of the improved system is demonstrated by measuring the magnetization curve and harmonics distribution of low-concentration iron oxide nanoparticles solutions. Highly sensitive evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles in solutions can be expected with the developed system.
Liquid crystal adaptive lens: aberration correction (1993)

We discuss the different contributions to aberrations in the liquid crystal adaptive lens, specifically those due to errors in voltage settings at the electrodes (which could be dithered) and those due to quantization errors of the electrodes and meshing errors between electrodes (which are fixed upon device construction). For application in a large optical memory, the dominant errors are the fixed errors. Linear current meshing is introduced as a solution to these errors because a current-carrying plate joining adjacent electrodes provides a linear interpolation of index between the electrodes.
Adversarial Likelihood Estimation With One-Way Flows (2023)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can produce high-quality samples, but do not provide an estimate of the probability density around the samples. However, it has been noted that maximizing the log-likelihood within an energy-based setting can lead to an adversarial framework where the discriminator provides unnormalized density (often called energy). We further develop this perspective, incorporate importance sampling, and show that 1) Wasserstein GAN performs a biased estimate of the partition function, and we propose instead to use an unbiased estimator; and 2) when optimizing for likelihood, one must maximize generator entropy. This is hypothesized to provide a better mode coverage. Different from previous works, we explicitly compute the density of the generated samples. This is the key enabler to designing an unbiased estimator of the partition function and computation of the generator entropy term. The generator density is obtained via a new type of flow network, called one-way flow network, that is less constrained in terms of architecture, as it does not require a tractable inverse function. Our experimental results show that our method converges faster, produces comparable sample quality to GANs with similar architecture, successfully avoids over-fitting to commonly used datasets and produces smooth low-dimensional latent representations of the training data.
A Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene Supported on Sulfated Zirconium Oxide for Olefin Metathesis (2023)

The reaction of W(O)(Adene)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)2 (1; Adene = 2-adamantylidene) and sulfated zirconium oxide (SZO) results in the formation of [W(O)(Adene)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)][SZO] (1@SZO). 1@SZO reacts with 13C-labeled ethylene to give 1-13C-adamantylethylene and square pyramidal [W(O)(CH2)3(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)][SZO] (2) as major reaction products; small amounts of [13C]propene and [W(O)(H2C═CH2)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)][SZO] (3) also form in this reaction. 1@SZO is active in olefin metathesis of terminal olefins, including methyl 10-undecenoate, to give the thermodynamic E-olefin product; and also catalyzes the direct formation of propylene from ethylene.
Design and Implementation of a Full-Duplex Pipelined MAC Protocol for Multihop Wireless Networks (2017)

In multihop wireless networks, data packets are forwarded from a source node to a destination node through intermediate relay nodes. With half-duplex relay nodes, the end-to-end delay performance of a multihop network degrades as the number of hops increases, because the relay nodes cannot receive and transmit at the same time. Full-duplex relay nodes can reduce their per-hop delay by starting to forward a packet before the whole packet is received. In this paper, we propose a pipelined medium access control (PiMAC) protocol, which enables the relay nodes on a multihop path to simultaneously transmit and receive packets for full-duplex forwarding. For pipelined transmission over a multihop path, it is important to suppress both the self-interference of each relay node with the full-duplex capability and the intra-flow interference from the next relay nodes on the same path. In the PiMAC protocol, each relay node can suppress both the self- and intra-flow interference for full-duplex relaying on the multihop path by estimating the channel coefficients and delays of the interference during a multihop channel acquisition phase. To evaluate the performance of the PiMAC protocol, we carried out extensive simulations and software-defined radio-based experiments.
Research Choices: Time for Europe to Decide (2017)

Taking real advantage of Europe's excellence in research to improve citizens' lives presents challenges that Europe's policymakers have not yet fully met. The EU has shown some clarity of assessment in recognising the needs, and some laudable determination to improve the situation, and it has intermittently taken some real steps to deliver on its ambitions to turn its research into valuable innovations. But Europe still faces harsh choices about whether it is actually going to do what it has so often discussed. The EU has to make some firm decisions about what research deserves support - and where. It must turn words into deeds to promote effective links between research and innovation. That requires a sharper focus on developing and retaining the right skill sets in Europe, on funding innovation, on creating an encouraging regulatory environment, and on building greater public understanding and engagement. Here, among other issues, the authors discuss where resources should be deployed, how to maximise the potential of personalised medicine, the time it takes for search to be turned into products ready for market, education, and the EU's regulatory role.
Nitrogen and Hydrogen Induced Trap Passivation at the SiO<sub>2</sub>/4H-SiC Interface (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Monodispersed dendritic polyesters with removable chain ends: a versatile approach to globular macromolecules with chemically reversible polarities (1992)

A versatile approach to dendritic macromolecules with aromatic polyester inner structure and a readily modified hydrophobic/hydrophilic ‘surface’ is described. The polyester fragments are prepared by a convergent growth process involving 3,5-bis(benzyloxy)benzoic acid as the ‘surface’ or chain-ending moiety and trichloroethyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate as the monomer unit. The key esterification step is accomplished in high yield using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridinium toluene-p-sulfonate as condensing agents. The coupling step is followed by activation of the new focal point by removal of the trichloroethyl ester group with zinc-acetic acid. Repetition of this two-step process leads to large dendritic fragments that may be coupled to a polyfunctional core to complete the dendritic macromolecule. The chemistry chosen for this synthesis allows for subsequent selective removal of the numerous benzyl ether chain ends by hydrogenolysis to afford a dendritic macromolecule with phenolic chain ends. Further modification of the chain ends is readily accomplished in processes that effectively transform the initially hydrophobic dendritic molecule into one that is both hydrophilic and water-soluble. These transformations of the ‘surface’ functionalities are also accompanied by drastic changes in glass transition behaviour.
Macular Pigment and Lutein Supplementation inABCA4-Associated Retinal Degenerations (2007)

MP is strongly affected by the stage of ABCA4 disease leading to abnormal foveal architecture. MP could be augmented by supplemental lutein in some patients. There was no change in central vision after 6 months of lutein supplementation. Long-term influences of this supplement on the natural history of these macular degenerations require further study.
Observations of quantum dynamics by solution-state NMR spectroscopy (1999)

NMR is emerging as a valuable testbed for the investigation of foundational questions in quantum mechanics. The present article outlines the preparation of a class of mixed states, called pseudo-pure states, that emulate pure quantum states in highly mixed solution-state NMR samples. It also describes the NMR observation of spinor behavior in spin ½ nuclei, the simulation of wave function collapse using a magnetic field gradient, the creation of entangled (i.e., Bell) pseudo-pure states, and a brief discussion of quantum computing logic gates including the Quantum Fourier Transform. These experiments show that solution-state NMR can be used to demonstrate quantum dynamics at a level suitable for laboratory exercises. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 11: 225–238, 1999
ChemInform Abstract: COORDINATION AND COUPLING OF ALKYLIDENE GROUPS ON A TRIOSMIUM CLUSTER FRAMEWORK. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF OS3(CO)10(μ‐CO)(μ‐CHSIME3) (1982)

Abstract Die Behandlung des Os‐Carbonyls?) mit Trimethylammoxid in Gegenwart von Acetonitril führt nahezu quantitativ zum labilen Derivat (II), das mit Diazoalkanen die luftstab?en u‐Alkylidencluster (III) liefert.
POLYPEPTIDE RELAXATION RATES WITH CONFIGURATIONALLY DEPENDENT INTERNAL FRICTION (1976)

SYNOPSIS Helix‐random coil transition rates are formulated for polypeptides with position‐dependent configuration step rates. We assume that the transition occurs by a simple rotation about the helix axis. A position‐ and configuration‐dependent rotational frictional resistance is introduced. An expression for the mean relaxation rate is then derived for a homopolymer with one helix region. This equation is valid for chains of any length; chain length effects are investigated. The effects of position‐dependent friction upon the mean relaxation rate are small for chain lengths longer than about 100 peptide units.
Personalized immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer through identification of tumor-specific mutations by next generation sequencing and adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that recognize neoantigens (2015)

Meeting abstracts Patients with metastatic melanoma can be successfully treated with adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). In 93 patients with over 5 year follow-up, the overall response rate was 56% and 20% achieved durable complete responses persisting in excess of 7 years.
Adhesive Microstructures: Anisotropic Adhesion Properties of Triangular‐Tip‐Shaped Micropillars (Small 16/2011) (2011)

The cover image illustrates the anisotropic adhesion property of triangular-tip-shaped micropillars, which are proposed as a new design for bio-inspired adhesive structures. These unique micropillars show directional shear adhesion with respect to the change of peeling direction (8.8–17.2 J m−2) as well as relatively high normal adhesion (8.2–10 N m−2). The directional adhesion is ascribed to the propagation line of cracks under triangular contact domains. When cracks initiate from the vertex, they can easily propagate to the inner region, resulting in relatively lower shear adhesion. In contrast, when peeled from the side of the triangle, the cracks form a pseudoline contact, and thus the crack propagation is retarded. For more information, please read the Communication “Anisotropic Adhesion Properties of Triangular-Tip-Shaped Micropillars” by K. Y. Suh and co-workers, beginning on page 2296.