gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Hydrocarbon Migration: Steady-State Model, Sensitivity Analysis and Field Example, Green Canyon Block, North Central Gulf of Mexico. (1990)

Recent studies of exploration wells from offshore Louisiana and Trinidad suggest fine-grained authigenic carbonates with negative carbon isotopic signatures act as geochemical recorders or tracers of hydrocarbon movement. A flux of hydrocarbons through an aquifer then produces a “mixed” δ 13 C signal, impacted on by flow speed, microbial degradation and the presence of biogenic or detrital calcite. Mapping of δ 13 C anomolies could be used to determine hydrocarbon migration pathways. By measuring the mixed signal as a function of position along the aquifer, it should be possible to extract both the amount and speed of the hydrocarbon flow by “inverting” the measurements — due allowance being made for thermal effects which “kill” microbes or alter their biodegradation rate, and for the thermal degradation of oil to gas. Preliminary measurements in offshore Louisiana strongly suggest this process is operative in Plio-Pleistocene sands.
Fluorescence enhancement in the vicinity of complex plasmonic nanostructures: A transformation optics approach (2011)

In this paper, the interaction of a dipole emitter (e.g molecule or quantum dot) with complex plasmonic nanostructures is investigated by means of transformation optics. The fluorescence enhancement as well as the quantum efficiency are derived analytically. Their spectral and spatial properties are analyzed in the perspective of future experiments.
Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Local Expression of Interleukin-10 in the Tolerance of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (2008)

The results suggest that continuous high expression of IL-10 in the eye and the reduction of peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis play significant roles in the mechanism of LPS tolerance in a rat model of footpad injection EIU.
Dual-tropic HIV type 1 isolates vary dramatically in their utilization of CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors (2010)

These observations indicate that measurements of coreceptor use determined using pseudoviruses and coreceptor-expressing cell lines are generally concordant with the results obtained using replication-competent assays and peripheral blood mononuclear cell. This suggests that a considerable fraction of dual viruses preferentially infect either CCR5 or CXCR4 target cells in vivo. The clinical implications of preferential coreceptor utilization by dual viruses, that is, HIV-1 pathogenesis and response to coreceptor antagonists, require additional studies.
Plasmon-mediated photocatalytic activity of wet-chemically prepared ZnO nanowire arrays (2015)

We report on measurements and simulations of the efficient sunlight-driven and visible-active photocatalysts composed of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated via an all-wet-chemical route. Because of the coupling between the ZnO dielectric response and the excitation of the Ag or Au nanoparticles, efficient electronic excitation can be induced in the vicinity of the metal-ZnO interfaces because optically-excited plasmonic particles can not only concentrate the electromagnetic field at the ZnO/particle interface, but also act as efficient sources of plasmonic hot electrons to be injected into the conduction band of the ZnO catalyst. The catalytic activities of the fabricated ZnO NWs are examined by photodegradation of methylene blue and by photocurrent measurements in a photovoltaic configuration. Numerical electromagnetic simulations were used to understand the behavior of the light on the nanometer-scale to clarify the catalytic enhancement mechanisms in both the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) regions. In addition, simulation results indicated that a near-surface normal but slightly tilted ZnO NW array geometry would provide an increased optical path length and enhanced multiple scattering and absorption processes arising from the localized surface plasmon resonances of the nanoparticles. The results obtained here clarify the role of the plasmon resonance and provide us with useful knowledge for the development of metal-oxide nano-hybrid materials for solar energy conversion.
Commercial metal-based nanocolloids – lack of virucidal activity against ECBO virus (2014)

Metallic nanoparticles, mainly silver ones, have been widely used as antibacterial agents, and some studies shown they also exert direct antiviral activity against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The objective of this study has been to evaluate the virucidal activity of commercial silver, gold, copper and platinum nanocolloids, recommended by the manufacturer as antimicrobials, against the ECBO virus, according to Polish Standard PN-EN 14675:2006. The highest experimentally observed decrease in the viral load was 0.875 log, which--when contrasted with the reduction in virus titre of at least 4 log expected from disinfectants--indicates that none of the analyzed nanocolloids had a disinfectant power towards the ECBO virus under the conditions defined by the standard.
Quantum Discord as Optimal Resource for Quantum Communication (2012)

Borivoje Dakic1†, Yannick Ole Lipp1†, Xiaosong Ma2,3†, Martin Ringbauer1†, Sebastian Kropatschek3, Stefanie Barz2, Tomasz Paterek4, Vlatko Vedral4,5, Anton Zeilinger2,3, Caslav Brukner1,3 & Philip Walther1,3 1 Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 2 Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 3 Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 4 Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Block S15, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore. 5 Department of Atomic and Laser Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. † These authors contributed equally to this work (listed alphabetically). (Dated: March 9, 2012)
Protein modeling to assess the pathogenicity of rare variants of SERPINA1 in patients suspected of having Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (2019)

NGS and computational modeling are useful tools that can facilitate earlier, more precise diagnosis, and consideration for AAT therapy in AATD.
Pd-Catalyzed γ-C(sp3)–H Fluorination of Free Amines (2020)

The first example of free amine γ-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H fluorination is realized using 2-hydroxynicotinaldehyde as the transient directing group. A wide range of cyclohexyl and linear aliphatic amines could be fluorinated selectively at the γ-methyl and methylene positions. Electron withdrawing 3,5-disubstituted pyridone ligands were identified to facilitate this reaction. Computational studies suggest that the turnover determining step is likely the oxidative addition step for methylene fluorination, while it is likely the C-H activation step for methyl fluorination. The explicit participation of Ag results in a lower energetic span for methylene fluorination and a higher energetic span for methyl fluorination, which is consistent with the experimental observation that the addition of silver salt is desirable for methylene but not for methyl fluorination. Kinetic studies on methyl fluorination suggest that the substrate and PdL are involved in the rate-determining step, indicating that the C-H activation step may be partially rate-determining. Importantly, an energetically preferred pathway has identified an interesting pyridone-assisted bimetallic transition state for the oxidative addition step in methylene fluorination, thus uncovering a potential new role of the pyridone ligand.
Emulsion Templating Using High Internal Phase Supercritical Fluid Emulsions (2001)

A new method for producing well-defined porous materials by templating scCO2 emulsions is revealed here. The technique involves forming a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) and locking in the structure of the “external” phase. By this method it is also possible to produce templated, crosslinked poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) materials (see Figure and also inside front cover).
Immunoregulatory activity of a T-cell receptor alpha chain demonstrated by in vitro transcription and translation. (1995)

Previous studies from our laboratory and those of others suggested the possibility that the T-cell antigen receptor alpha (TCR alpha) chain from some T cells can be released in a soluble form and can have antigen-specific immunoregulatory activity. We have analyzed this phenomenon by in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) of a cDNA encoding a TCR alpha chain (A1.1 TCR alpha) suspected of having such activity. We found that TCR alpha, but not TCR beta, protein produced in this way showed antigen-specific regulatory activity in an in vitro immune-response assay. Protein derived from truncated forms of the A1.1 TCR alpha cDNA had activity providing that, in addition to the variable (V) and joining (J) regions of the alpha chain (VJ alpha), at least the first 25 amino acids of the alpha chain of the constant (C) region (C alpha) were present. Addition of an irrelevant protein sequence to the VJ alpha failed to impart activity to the molecule, suggesting that the C alpha requirement is not simply for stabilization of the resulting protein. These results are discussed in the context of other recent studies on the immunoregulatory activity of soluble TCR alpha molecules, and the possible physiological relevance of these observations is considered.
Atomic layer etching of Si3N4 with high selectivity to SiO2 and poly-Si (2021)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is usually classified into ion-driven anisotropic etching or thermally driven isotropic etching. In this work, we present a thermal ALE process for Si3N4 with high selectivity to SiO2 and poly-Si. This ALE process consists of exposure to a CH2F2/O2/Ar downstream plasma to form an (NH4)2SiF6-based surface-modified layer, followed by infrared (IR) annealing to remove the modified layer. CH2F2-based chemistry was adopted to achieve high selectivity to SiO2 and poly-Si. This chemistry was expected to reduce the number density of F atoms (radicals), which contributes to decreasing the etching rate of SiO2 and poly-Si films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of an (NH4)2SiF6-based modified layer on the surface of the Si3N4 after exposure to the plasma and subsequent removal of the modified layer using IR annealing. An in situ ellipsometry measurement revealed that the etch per cycle of the ALE process saturated with respect to the radical exposure time at 0.9 nm/cycle, demonstrating the self-limiting nature of this etching process. In addition, no etching was observed on SiO2 and poly-Si films, successfully demonstrating the high selectivity of this ALE process. This high selectivity to SiO2 and poly-Si is attributed to the fact that the spontaneous etching rates of these films are negligibly small and that there is no surface reaction to etch these films during the IR annealing step.
Common requirements for IP address sharing schemes (2010)

This document defines common requirements of multiple types of Large
Scale Network Address Translation (NAT) that handles Unicast UDP, TCP
and ICMP.
Singular Value Decomposition for Removal of Cardiac Interference from Trunk Electromyogram (2021)

A new algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) to remove cardiac contamination from trunk electromyography (EMG) is proposed. Its performance is compared to currently available algorithms at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The algorithm is applied on individual channels. An experimental calibration curve to adjust the number of SVD components to the SNR (0-20 dB) is proposed. A synthetic dataset is generated by the combination of electrocardiography (ECG) and EMG to establish a ground truth reference for validation. The performance is compared with state-of-the-art algorithms: gating, high-pass filtering, template subtraction (TS), and independent component analysis (ICA). Its applicability on real data is investigated in an illustrative diaphragm EMG of a patient with sleep apnea. The SVD-based algorithm outperforms existing methods in reconstructing trunk EMG. It is superior to the others in the time (relative mean squared error < 15%) and frequency (shift in mean frequency < 1 Hz) domains. Its feasibility is proven on diaphragm EMG, which shows a better agreement with the respiratory cycle (correlation coefficient = 0.81, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01) compared with TS and ICA. Its application on real data is promising to non-obtrusively estimate respiratory effort for sleep-related breathing disorders. The algorithm is not limited to the need for additional reference ECG, increasing its applicability in clinical practice.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of the Leaving Group on the Alkylation Diastereoselectivity of the Schoellkopf Chiral Auxiliary. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of leakage inductances on magnetically-coupled impedance-source networks (2014)

Coupled inductors have lately been used with impedance-source networks for keeping their shoot-through times short, while providing higher voltage boosts. The parameter that is critical to the operation of such impedance network based converter with coupled inductors is the leakage inductances. However, the role of leakage inductances and its effect on the converter performance is often overlooked. This paper analyzes the effects of leakage inductances and demonstrates experimentally how the presence of leakage inductances degrades the performance of the converter.
Strategy for control and eradication of pig diseases : the example of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in France (2001)

The control and eradication of animal diseases rely on the availability of epidemiological knowledge on the transmission routes of the infection and also on the availability of diagnostic and vaccine tools. In the case of classical swine fever, the eradication has been possible in many countries through the application of three major measures: a large vaccination campaign for several consecutive years, followed by a vaccine ban and then a test-and-removal strategy. In parallel, it is important to secure the introduction of pigs from outside: the health status of the imported pigs must be checked carefully. Things are complicated when the disease is caused by a new previously unknown infectious agent occurring in a completely susceptible population. This was the situation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in France, in 1991. After the discovery of the initial outbreaks in Brittany, the control measures consisted in blocking the farms showing typical signs of the disease. In addition to these measures, the artificial insemination centres (AIC) and nucleus herds were particularly under surveillance to avoid their contamination and the transmission of the infection to other farms buying semen or breeders. However, since the infection may be sub-clinical in up to 20% of infected farms, this strategy only resulted in slowing down the spread of the disease. When a diagnostic tool became available for tracing the infection, the control of the infection was initiated in the regions where the prevalence was low. The programme consisted of animal movement control, test-and-removal strategy, specific surveillance and protection of AIC and nucleus herds. In the region "Pays de Loire" in which 750,000 pigs are reared in 2200 farms, a control programme started in 1993. Seven years later, the prevalence of the infection was maintained below 2%. The final eradication of the infection in this region is under current process. Other French regions took this example for setting up a similar control programme and some of them have already eradicated the infection. These experiences show that some diseases can be controlled even when little is known about its epidemiology and when no vaccine are available.
Enhancement in Skin Permeation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Usingl-Menthol and its Derivatives (2008)

Enhancing effect of l-menthol and its derivatives, l-menthyl formate, l-menthyl acetate, and l-menthyl propionate, on skin permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) through Yucatan micropig full-thickness skin was investigated using a Franz-type diffusion cell. ALA solutions were prepared using ethanol-water mixed solvents with l-menthol or the derivative. Skin permeation coefficients (Kp) of ALA with more than 3.0 wt% of l-menthol was significantly larger than that without l-menthol. In addition, Kp of ALA with the derivative increased as follows: l-menthol approximately l-menthyl propionate < l-menthyl formate < l-menthyl acetate. These results suggest that l-menthol and the derivative are effective to enhance ALA skin permeation.
Phased array feeds for the Square Kilometre Array (2011)

A novel method to form multiple instantaneous beams on the sky with a reflector antenna is to employ a dense Phased Array Feed (PAF). This technology is currently being developed to greatly increase the survey speed of existing and future radio telescopes. This paper reviews the current state of PAF development projects for radio astronomy, the particular challenges and the potential for incorporation of PAFs into the ultimate radio survey instrument - the Square Kilometre Array.
Human pre-valvular endocardial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells recapitulate cardiac pathophysiological valvulogenesis (2019)

Genetically modified mice have advanced our understanding of valve development and disease. Yet, human pathophysiological valvulogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we report that, by combining single cell sequencing and in vivo approaches, a population of human pre-valvular endocardial cells (HPVCs) can be derived from pluripotent stem cells. HPVCs express gene patterns conforming to the E9.0 mouse atrio-ventricular canal (AVC) endocardium signature. HPVCs treated with BMP2, cultured on mouse AVC cushions, or transplanted into the AVC of embryonic mouse hearts, undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and express markers of valve interstitial cells of different valvular layers, demonstrating cell specificity. Extending this model to patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulates features of mitral valve prolapse and identified dysregulation of the SHH pathway. Concurrently increased ECM secretion can be rescued by SHH inhibition, thus providing a putative therapeutic target. In summary, we report a human cell model of valvulogenesis that faithfully recapitulates valve disease in a dish.
The Mast Cell as Site of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Expression and Fibrinolysis (1999)

Recent data suggest that mast cells (MC) and their products (heparin, proteases) are involved in the regulation of coagulation and fibrino(geno)lysis. The key enzyme of fibrinolysis, plasmin, derives from its inactive progenitor, plasminogen, through catalytic action of plasminogen activators (PAs). In most cell systems, however, PAs are neutralized by plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs). We report that human tissue MC as well as the MC line HMC-1 constitutively produce, express, and release tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) without producing inhibitory PAIs. As assessed by Northern blotting, highly enriched lung MC (>98% pure) as well as HMC-1 expressed tPA mRNA, but did not express mRNA for PAI-1, PAI-2, or PAI-3. The tPA protein was detectable in MC-conditioned medium by Western blotting and immunoassay, and the MC agonist stem cell factor (c-Kit ligand) was found to promote the release of tPA from MC. In addition, MC-conditioned medium induced fibrin-independent plasmin generation as well as clot lysis in vitro. These observations raise the possibility that MC play an important role in endogenous fibrinolysis.
Wafer-bonded single-crystal silicon slot waveguides and ring resonators (2009)

We fabricated horizontal Si slot waveguides with a 25 nm SiO2 slot layer by bonding thin Si-on-insulator wafers. After removing the Si substrate and buried oxide from one side of the bonded structure, grating-coupled waveguides and ring resonators were partially etched into the Si/SiO2/Si device layers. The gratings exhibit efficiencies of up to 23% at 1550 nm and the ring resonators were measured to have loaded quality factors near 42 000 for the lowest-order transverse-electric mode, corresponding to a propagation loss of 15 dB/cm. The leaky lowest-order transverse-magnetic mode was also observed with a propagation loss of 44 dB/cm.
A Short and Convertible Humeral Stem for Shoulder Arthroplasty (2017)

Introduction As the revision number of shoulder arthroplasties increases, we focused on the difficulties of extracting or converting the humeral stem. The purpose of this multicentric study was to assess the outcomes and the radiographic results of a new, short, and convertible humeral stem (Aequalis Ascend™ Flex, Tornier SAS–Wright Medical Inc®, Bloomington, MN, USA), which could settle these complex revision problems. Methods Sixty-six primary shoulder replacements were enrolled with an average follow-up of 25.6 months (24–30.8 months). There were 24 reversed shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) and 42 anatomical shoulder arthroplasty. The functional outcomes were evaluated with the Constant-Murley score (CS) and the active range of motion. Humeral stems were radiologically analyzed at the last follow-up with special care to mechanical complications and bone resorption. Results The average CS improved from 30 preoperatively to 74 postoperatively ( P &lt; .0001) for anatomical shoulder replacements and from 21 to 63 ( P &lt; .0001) for RSA. The active anterior elevation and external rotation improved from 97° and 6° to 163° and 46°, respectively, for anatomical prosthesis ( P &lt; .0001) and from 79° and 10° to 139° and 28°, respectively, for RSA ( P &lt; .0001). No mechanical complication or loosening was reported. The comparison between postoperative and last follow-up X-rays showed a tendency to medial cortical bone thinning in some cases without any clinical relevance. Conclusion Two years follow-up of this short stem showed promising clinical and radiographic results without implant-related complication. Further X-rays study would be necessary. Level of evidence: IV