gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An immunogenic NSCLC microenvironment is associated with favorable survival in lung adenocarcinoma (2019)

The tumor microenvironment consists of an intricately organized system through which immune cells and cancer cells may communicate to regulate anti-tumor immunogenicity. To this end, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been shown to activate a variety of immunological mechanisms, thereby broadening our understanding of lung cancer immunobiology. However, while recent work has highlighted the importance of NSCLC immunology and prognosis, studies have not yet examined the tumor microenvironment (TME) globally in regards to the survival outcomes between two major NSCLC subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the present study, we identify an immunogenic tumor microenvironment state in NSCLC that is enriched for the lung adenocarcinoma subtype. By utilizing TME cell enrichment scores and RNA-seq expression data, we show that the inflamed TME is associated with favorable patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma, but this does not hold true for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, differentially regulated pathways between immune-inflamed and immune-excluded tumors within LUAD and LUSC were not subtype specific. Instead, immune-inflamed LUSC samples possessed elevated immune checkpoint marker expression when compared to those of the LUAD samples, thereby offering a putative explanation for our prognostic observations. These results shed light on the immunological prognostic effects within lung cancer and may encourage further TME exploration between these two subtypes as the landscape of NSCLC therapy progresses.
Deep Learning from Label Proportions for Emphysema Quantification (2018)

We propose an end-to-end deep learning method that learns to estimate emphysema extent from proportions of the diseased tissue. These proportions were visually estimated by experts using a standard grading system, in which grades correspond to intervals (label example: 1-5% of diseased tissue). The proposed architecture encodes the knowledge that the labels represent a volumetric proportion. A custom loss is designed to learn with intervals. Thus, during training, our network learns to segment the diseased tissue such that its proportions fit the ground truth intervals. Our architecture and loss combined improve the performance substantially (8% ICC) compared to a more conventional regression network. We outperform traditional lung densitometry and two recently published methods for emphysema quantification by a large margin (at least 7% AUC and 15% ICC), and achieve near-human-level performance. Moreover, our method generates emphysema segmentations that predict the spatial distribution of emphysema at human level.
ESC-PAN: An Efficient CNN Architecture for Image Super-Resolution (2023)

Deep Learning models, based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture, have proven to be useful and effective in many image processing tasks, and have recently been shown to be effective for image Super-Resolution (SR). Common trends in SR improve the quality of the reconstructed image by increasing the depth and complexity of the CNN model. While this approach produces superior performance in objective image quality metrics (IQA), such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) index, having the number of parameters in the order of millions sacrifices the practicality of model deployment. This is especially true for applications that require real-time processing, such as online conferencing. In this paper, a CNN-based SR model architecture that integrates an attention mechanism while maintaining low complexity is proposed. The number of parameters of the model is reduced by adopting depthwise-separable convolution (DSC) throughout the model. Multiply-accumulate operations (MACs) are reduced by adopting a late upsampling scheme to operate only on low-dimensional features maps. Experimental results show that the proposed model architecture has better performance in terms of objective IQA metrics, such as PSNR and SSIM, and subjective IQA. This improved performance is achieved at a reduced complexity. We also showcase the scalability of the proposed CNN architecture by increasing the model complexity slightly to gain better desired performance.
Scaphoid Osteotomy for Malunion (1998)

Emeritus member, Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation; Emeritus Professor of Orthopedics, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota, U. S. A. (LINSCHEID) Resident in Orthopedics, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U. S. A. (LYNCH) Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ronald L. Linscheid, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A.
Energy Conservation and Thermal Insulation Performance of Concrete Block Walls Incorporating Expanded Polystyrene Panels: Experimental and Simulation Study (2022)

This work presents a field investigation and numerical simulation for studying the heat transmission through the walls of two specially designed test rooms exposed to the hot and arid summer climate of the coastal region of eastern Saudi Arabia. The walls of the reference room were constructed of typical hollow-core concrete blocks, while the walls of the second room were made of concrete blocks incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) panels. Both test rooms were equipped with thermocouples, heat flux meters, temperature/relative humidity sensors, and power meters that provided continuous measurements during the test period. Infrared scanning and U-value measurements were also performed, and a weather station installed at the site provided the meteorological data. The results of these measurements revealed that the walls made of the concrete blocks incorporating EPS panels have a heat flow resistance about 255% higher than that of the walls built of typical hollow-core concrete blocks. Similarly, the thermal transmittance was lower by about 65%. Accordingly, the second room displayed a reduction of 29% in energy consumption for providing the same level of thermal comfort during the summer months as compared with that in the reference room. Both test rooms were simulated using DesignBuilder software, and the simulation results were validated with the field monitoring data. In addition, parametric studies were subsequently carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of other insulation materials. It was found that the application of the reflective coating and insulating plaster over EPS concrete blocks could further improve the reduction of energy consumption to about 47%.
Comparison of solubilized and purified plasma membrane and nuclear insulin receptors (1988)

Prior studies have detected biochemical and immunological differences between insulin receptors in plasma membranes and isolated nuclei. To further investigate these receptors, they were solubilized in Triton X-100 and partially purified by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose chromatography. In these preparations, the nuclear and plasma membrane receptors had very similar pH optima (pH 8.0) and reactivities to a group of polyclonal antireceptor antibodies. Further, both membrane preparations had identical binding activities when labeled insulin was competed for by unlabeled insulin (50% inhibition at 800 pM). Next, nuclear and plasma membranes were solubilized and purified to homogeneity by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose and insulin-agarose chromatography. In both receptors, labeled insulin was covalently cross-linked to a protein of 130 kilodaltons representing the insulin receptor alpha subunit. When preparations of both receptors were incubated with insulin and then adenosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate, a protein of 95 kilodaltons representing the insulin receptor beta subunit was phosphorylated in a dose-dependent manner. These studies indicate, therefore, that solubilized plasma membrane and nuclear insulin receptors have similar structures and biochemical properties, and they suggest that they are the same (or very similar) proteins.
Using total quality to put strategic intent into motion (1992)

The '90s will be the decade of the business leader who can a) define one or two key competitive themes for the organization's payoff, and b) effectively focus scarce resources to accomplish those themes. What will ultimately separate the winners from the losers will be the ability to execute. Few strategic planners find it particularly difficult to articulate grand schemes for building competitive advantages; however, most fall flat on their faces when it comes time to execute their schemes. People underestimate the commitment, the amount of time, and the emotion and energy it takes, and the amount of inertia they must overcome in their organization to make it happen.
Reflex Responses of Venous Capacitance Vessels in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (1998)

1. The aim of this study was to determine if there is impaired reflex venoconstriction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and whether this is related to a history of syncope or exercise hypotension. 2. Thirty percent of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have exercise-induced hypotension associated with a failure of arteriolar constriction. Impaired venoconstriction could exacerbate this situation. 3. We evaluated 43 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 24 controls. Nuclear venous plethysmography was used to measure forearm venous capacitance during lower body negative pressure, splenic venous volume changes during bicycle exercise and blood pressure responses to treadmill exercise. We assessed any association between abnormal reflex venous control and a history of syncope and exercise hypotension. 4. The percentage reduction in unstressed forearm venous volume during lower body negative pressure was similar in patients and controls (8.9 +/- 7.1% versus 9.7 +/- 5.9%, P not significant). Patients with a history of syncope demonstrated a less marked percentage reduction in volume than those without (-2.1 +/- 6.9% versus -10.6 +/- 6.0%, P = 0.001). In three patients with a history of syncope there was a paradoxical increase in forearm venous volume during lower body negative pressure. During exercise there was a substantially smaller decrease in splenic venous volume in patients compared with controls (-20.1 +/- 14.0% and -42.6 +/- 12.6% respectively, P = 0.0001). Furthermore, there was an association between attenuated splenic venoconstriction or venodilation and exercise hypotension in patients (P = 0.005). 5. Abnormal reflex control of venous capacitance beds in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was associated with both syncope and exercise hypotension.
Musical instrument recognition using ICA-based transform of features and discriminatively trained HMMs (2003)

In this paper, we describe a system for the recognition of musical instruments from isolated notes or drum samples. We first describe a baseline system that uses mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and their first derivatives as features, and continuous-density hidden Markov models (HMMs). Two improvements are proposed to increase the performance of this baseline system. First, transforming the features to a base with maximal statistical independence using independent component analysis can give an improvement of 9 percentage points in recognition accuracy. Secondly, discriminative training is shown to further improve the recognition accuracy of the system. The evaluation material consists of 5895 isolated notes of Western orchestral instruments, and 1798 drum hits.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Syntheses of P‐Chiral Analogues of Nucleoside Cyclic 3′,5′‐Phosphates (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Lycium europaeum fruits (2022)

<i>Lycium europaeum</i> is used as a medicinal herb in many countries. In this study, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used as solvents in the extraction of <i>L. europaeum</i> fruits. The contents of total phenolics, total ﬂavonoids, total tannins and condensed tannins as well as the biological activities of these extracts were investigated using various <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> assays. Results showed that all solvent extracts of <i>L. europaeum</i> had no anticancer activity against cancerous (A-549 and DLD-1) and non-cancerous (WS-1) human cells. Methanol and ethyl acetate were the most effective solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds and also exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The methanol extract of <i>L. europaeum</i> fruits was the richest in phenolic compounds with the predominance of ferulic acid, catechin and narengin. These results supported the use of <i>L. europaeum</i> fruit as natural source of bioactive compound for pharmaceutical applications.
Peptide-and Biotin-Oligonucleotide-Pyrrole Conjugates for Electrochemical Addressing on Silicon Chip (1999)

Abstract The syntheses of pyrrole-oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates and pyrrole-oligonucleotide-biotin conjugates were described. The oligonucleotide moiety acted as an ≪active linker≫ which allowed the easy purification and quantitation of the conjugates and in turn controlled the grafting. The peptide conjugates were immobilised on silicon array and their immunoreactivity was tested using biotinylated antibodies and a phycoerythrin-streptavidin staining. The biotin conjugate provided a fluorescence scale.
Computational, Spectroscopic, and Crystallographic Determination of the Molecular Structures of CO Adducts of Vaska-Type Complexes trans-IrL2(CO)2X (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleComputational, Spectroscopic, and Crystallographic Determination of the Molecular Structures of CO Adducts of Vaska-Type Complexes trans-IrL2(CO)2XFaraj Abu-Hasanayn, Thomas J. Emge, John A. Maguire, Karsten Krogh-Jespersen, and Alan S. GoldmanCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 12, 5177–5180Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00024a073https://doi.org/10.1021/om00024a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The preventive effect of Taurine in early stage of colon chemical carcinogenesis (2021)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. The aberrant crypts foci are the first dysplastic alterations observed in colons in animal models and in human beings. Taurine is the most abundant semi-essential -amino acid in mammals and is reported to have a broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the protective effect of taurine in colon cancer model using the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) as a pro-carcinogen agent. For this, the induction of carcinogenesis processes in the Wistar male rats were obtained by the administration of DMH (40mg/kg/day, subcutaneous, twice a week) for two weeks. On the day following the induction, the animals started receiving the taurine (gavage, 100mg/kg/day) for 15 days. Then, the colon was removed, opened longitudinally and ACF (aberrant crypt foci), AC (aberrant crypts) and multiplicity (ACF/AC) were evaluated. The results showed that taurine promoted the decrease of multiplicity of the crypts in the proximal colon (59%) when compared to the non-treated group. The data point to a chemopreventive action of taurine in the promotion of colon cancer in early stage, mainly in the proximal portion which justify further studies to clarify the mechanisms and therapeutic uses.
The effect of copper pre-cleaning on graphene synthesis (2013)

Copper foil is the most common substrate to synthesize monolayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The surface morphology and conditions of the copper foil can be very different depending on the various suppliers or different batches. These surface properties of copper strongly affect the growth behavior of graphene, thus rendering the growth conditions irreproducible when different batches of Cu foil are used. Furthermore, the quality of the graphene is severely affected as well. In this work, we report a facile method of copper pre-cleaning to improve the graphene quality and the reproducibility of the growth process. We found that the commercial Ni etchant (based on nitric acid) or nitric acid is the most effective cleaning agent among various acidic or basic solutions. The graphene grown on thus-treated copper surfaces is very clean and mostly monolayer when observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical imaging, as compared to the graphene grown on untreated copper foil. Different batches (but with the same catalog number) of copper foil from Alfa Aesar Company were examined to explore the effect of copper pre-cleaning; consistent growth results were obtained when pre-cleaning was used. This method overcomes a commonly encountered problem in graphene growth and could become one of the standard protocols for preparing the copper foil substrate for growing graphene or other 2D materials.
The Interventioal Device Tracking Using Miniaturized Micro Coils (2009)

In the tendency towards high-field imaging, three-dimensional (3D) acquisition has potential advantages over its two-dimensional counterpart for functional MRI (fMRI). However, multi-slice 2D-EPI methods remain the conventional sequence in fMRI. Although various advanced 3D schemes have alternatively been applied, they come with individual limitations and are not widely available. The 3D-EPI sequence similarly presents temporal constraints, but holds the potential to be feasible by using the increased signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio of ultrahigh magnetic fields combined with the higher parallel imaging performance feasible at ultra-high fields. A hybrid 3D-EPI then offers the possibility for high 2D acceleration. This potential is exploited in this study at 7 Tesla to overcome the limitations and compare results with 2D acquisition and 1D acceleration. Results show the feasibility of a highly accelerated hybrid 3D-EPI scheme for high resolution whole-head acquisition in high-field fMRI, presenting excellent functional results.
Modulating fast skeletal muscle contraction protects skeletal muscle in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2023)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease caused by absence of the protein dystrophin, which acts as a structural link between the basal lamina and contractile machinery to stabilize muscle membranes in response to mechanical stress. In DMD, mechanical stress leads to exaggerated membrane injury and fiber breakdown, with fast fibers being the most susceptible to damage. A major contributor to this injury is muscle contraction, controlled by the motor protein myosin. However, how muscle contraction and fast muscle fiber damage contribute to the pathophysiology of DMD has not been well characterized. We explored the role of fast skeletal muscle contraction in DMD with a potentially novel, selective, orally active inhibitor of fast skeletal muscle myosin, EDG-5506. Surprisingly, even modest decreases of contraction (<15%) were sufficient to protect skeletal muscles in dystrophic mdx mice from stress injury. Longer-term treatment also decreased muscle fibrosis in key disease-implicated tissues. Importantly, therapeutic levels of myosin inhibition with EDG-5506 did not detrimentally affect strength or coordination. Finally, in dystrophic dogs, EDG-5506 reversibly reduced circulating muscle injury biomarkers and increased habitual activity. This unexpected biology may represent an important alternative treatment strategy for Duchenne and related myopathies.
Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen (2014)

CT can be used to differentiate between IPAS and PanNET with good specificity and sensitivity. The IPAS mirrors the spleen's enhancement and is usually located along the dorsal surface of the pancreas.
SMS freeforms for illumination (2013)

Abstract SMS 3D (simultaneous multiple surfaces in their three-dimensional version) is a well-known design method comprising two freeform surfaces that allow the perfect coupling of two wavefronts with another two. The design algorithm provides a collection of line pairs on both surfaces (called SMS spines), whose three-dimensional shape seems arbitrary at first sight. This paper shows that the shapes of the spines are partially governed by applying the étendue conservation theorem to the biparametric bundle of rays linking the paired spines, which is one lesser known étendue invariants found by Poincaré. The resulting formulae for the spines in three-dimensional space happen to coincide with the conventional étendue formulas of two-dimensional geometry, like for instance, the Hottel formula.
The Role of Sexual Dimorphism in the Perception of Attractiveness and Confidence (2020)

Human gait patterns are rich in socially relevant information. While many studies have investigated sex-specific differences in walking style, little is known about how sexual dimorphism relates to the perceived attractiveness and confidence of a person. In two studies, 40 observers (20 female, 20 male) rated the attractiveness and another 36 observers (18 female, 18 male) rated the confidence of 50 men and 50 women from the bmlRUB motion capture database, each presented in three different ways in virtual reality: (a) as a 3D virtual character with each actor's individual shape and walking motion reconstructed from optical motion capture data using the MoSh algorithm (Loper et al. 2014, SIGGRAPH Asia), (b) as a static virtual character, and (c) as a walking stick-figure (Troje 2002, JOV). Correlations between all 12 sets of ratings (2 walker sex x 2 participant sex x 3 presentation types) of the two datasets revealed that sexual dimorphism in walking style plays a different role in male and female walkers for attractiveness and confidence ratings. Sexual dimorphism dominates female attractiveness and male confidence assigned to animated virtual characters and stick-figures. The more feminine a woman walks, the more attractive she is rated; the more masculine a man walks, the more confident he is rated. Perceived male attractiveness and female confidence, on the other hand, are determined by increased vertical body movements which make the walkers appear bouncy and energetic. High ratings of the static virtual characters are characterised by tall and slim body shapes for male and female attractiveness, and female confidence, and tall and strong body shapes for male confidence (as compared to small and heavy body shapes). Sexual dimorphism seems to play a different role in attributing biological and personality traits to male and female walkers, but male and female observers agree on their ratings.