gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of DNA replication initiation by silver nanoclusters (2021)

Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have outstanding physicochemical characteristics, including the ability to interact with proteins and DNA. Given the growing number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of AgNCs, we evaluated the impact of AgNCs on DNA replication and DNA damage response in cell-free extracts prepared from unfertilized Xenopus laevis eggs. We find that, among a number of silver nanomaterials, AgNCs uniquely inhibited genomic DNA replication and abrogated the DNA replication checkpoint in cell-free extracts. AgNCs did not affect nuclear membrane or nucleosome assembly. AgNCs-supplemented extracts showed a strong defect in the loading of the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex, the helicase that unwinds DNA ahead of replication forks. FLAG-AgNCs immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis of AgNCs associated proteins demonstrated direct interaction between MCM and AgNCs. Our studies indicate that AgNCs directly prevent the loading of MCM, blocking pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly and subsequent DNA replication initiation. Collectively, our findings broaden the scope of silver nanomaterials experimental applications, establishing AgNCs as a novel tool to study chromosomal DNA replication.
Fumarate Based Metal–Organic Framework: An Effective Catalyst for the Transesterification of Used Vegetable Oil (2022)

Advancement of technology for the sustainable production of biodiesel is of significant importance in fighting against rising fuel costs due to the fast depletion of fossil fuels. In this regard, the application of highly efficient MOFs (metal–organic frameworks)-based materials as acidic, basic, or supported heterogeneous catalysts plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of biodiesel production processes. In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis and catalytic application of Zr-fumarate-MOF (also known as MOF-801) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of used vegetable oil (UVO) for the production of biodiesel. The formation of MOF-801 and its structural stability is confirmed by a variety of characterization techniques including XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, BET, and TGA analyses. The results revealed the formations of highly crystalline, cubic MOF-801 possessing thermal stability below 500 °C. The MOF-801 catalyst demonstrated moderate catalytic activity during transesterification of UVO (~60%) at 50 wt.% of methanol: oil, 10 wt.% catalyst loading, 180 °C reaction temperature, and 8 h of reaction time. Furthermore, the catalyst has exhibited adequate reusability with a slight reduction in the reaction yield of up to ~10% after three cycles.
MPLS Label Forwarding with No Swapping (2015)

This document defines MPLS label forwarding operation with no label
swapping as a new MPLS label operation extension to the existing basic
forwarding operation of label push, pop, and swap.
Expanding the Family of Phospholane-Based Ligands:  1,2-Bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (2003)

[reaction: see text] 1,2-Bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) has been synthesized for the first time through employment of an undemanding synthetic pathway. The new ligand exhibits enhanced activity and selectivity over the existing members of the BPE ligand family in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation.
Selenium metabolism in zebrafish: multiplicity of selenoprotein genes and expression of a protein containing 17 selenocysteine residues (2000)

The occurrence of zSelPa and zSelPb suggested that the function of the N-terminal domain of mammalian SelP proteins may be separated from that of the C-terminal Sec-rich sequence: the N-terminal domain containing the UxxC motif is likely involved in oxidoreduction, whereas the C-terminal portion of the protein may function in selenium transport or storage. Our data also suggest that the utilization of Sec is more common in zebrafish than in previously characterized species, including mammals.
An improved physical and genetic map of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 (UA580) (1998)

Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the major cause of food-borne gastrointestinal disease in the developed world. To facilitate the molecular genetic analysis of this pathogen, an approximately 18-fold redundant Tropist3 cosmid library was constructed from C. jejuni NCTC 11168 genomic DNA. The cosmid library was partially ordered by hybridization to 15 pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) restriction fragments. This analysis confirmed the estimated size of the genome to be 1730 kb, but suggested discrepancies in some regions of the published physical map. The precise locations of two of the three rRNA gene clusters were mapped using a combination of restriction fingerprinting, sample sequencing and riboprobing. Additionally, 15 further genes were located on the revised map. A more detailed physical and genetic map of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 is presented.
Robustness of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Degradations (2018)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved tremendous success in image recognition tasks. However, the performance of CNNs degrade in situations where the input image is degraded by compression artifacts, blur or noise. In this paper, we analyze some of the common CNNs for degradations in images caused by Gaussian noise, blur as well as compression using JPEG and JPEG 2000 for the full range of quality factors. Moreover, we propose a method to improve the performance of CNNs for image classification in the presence of input images with degradations based on a master-slave architecture. Our method was found to perform well for individual and combined degradations.
Activation of astrocytes and ischemic damage following the transient focal ischemia (1998)

Astrocytes play vital roles not only in the mechanical support of the central nervous system but also in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and in the transfer of nutritive substances to neuron. After ischemic brain injuries, it has been known that gliosis appears around degenerative regions and repairs these regions. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that overexpression of S-100 protein, astrocyte-derived protein, is detrimental to neuronal cells in various pathological conditions. To confirm the astrocytic activation in cerebral ischemia, we examined immunohistochemical changes in S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the transient focal ischemia. Cerebral infarction determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining was slight on day 1 and further expanded on day 2 and 3. Thereafter, GFAP immunoreactivity was observed in boundary zone of the infarct area at 72 hours after the transient focal ischemia. On the other hand, S-100 protein immunoreactivities were markedly increased at 9 hours after the transient focal ischemia. After the infarct formation, the increase of S-100 immunoreactivity was observed in outside boundary of infarct area. These results suggest that astrocytic activation, which we would like to be called "pre-mitotic S-100 peak (PSP)", precedes the neurodegeneration following the transient focal ischemia, and should be distinguished from so-called gliosis observed in the post-neurodegeneration and GFAP-dependent astrocytic proliferation.
Electric‐field‐enhanced selective separation of products of an enzymatic reaction in a membrane micro‐contactor (2020)

Processes employed in separations of products of enzyme reactions are often driven by diffusion, and their efficiency can be limited. Here, we exploit the effect of a direct current (DC) electric field that intensifies mass transfer through a semipermeable membrane for fast, continuous, and selective separation of electrically charged molecules. Specifically, we separate low-molecular-weight reaction products (phenylacetic acid, 6-aminopenicillanic acid) from the original reaction mixture containing a free enzyme (penicillin acylase). The developed microfluidic dialysis-membrane contactor allows a stable counter-current arrangement of the retentate and permeates liquid streams on which DC electric field is perpendicularly applied. The applied electric field significantly accelerates the transport of electrically charged products through the semipermeable membrane yielding high separation efficiencies at short residence times. The residence time of 5 min is sufficient to reach 100% separation yield in the electric field. The same residence time provides only a 50% yield in the diffusion-controlled experiments. We experimentally demonstrated that a combined microreactor-microextractor with a recycle of the soluble penicillin acylase can continuously produce both the reaction products at high concentrations. The developed membrane-contactor is a versatile platform allowing to tune its characteristics, such as selectivity given by the membrane, or the type of the retentate phase, for a specific application.
Metabolic, Bioproductive and Reproductive Effects of Aquatic Exposure to Cadmium in Dish- A Review (2017)

Cadmium (Cd) exposure in fish is the result of aquatic pollution with heavy metals, which is mainly caused byanthropic interventions. Rarely, Cd mobilization from natural resources takes place. Bioaccumulation in tissues and organs is a property of this heavy metal, to generate various pathological effects and major risks due to bio-propagation within the human food chain. Wehereby reviewed the main circumstances and levels of exposure to Cd in the aquatic environment, and effects on growth, development and reproduction induced by its bioaccumulation in fish, as well as the possible ramifications for food security in humans.
Perkin 1 Abstracts: Natural Product Synthesis (2001)

A. Gunn, J. E. Milne, M. de Puit and D. McArthur, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2002, 3-ix DOI: 10.1039/B200355B
Parallel Analysis of mRNA and microRNA Microarray Profiles to Explore Functional Regulatory Patterns in Polycystic Kidney Disease: Using PKD/Mhm Rat Model (2013)

Autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequent monogenic renal disease, characterised by fluid-filled cysts that are thought to result from multiple deregulated pathways such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of many genes associated with such biological processes and human pathologies. To explore the possible regulatory role of miRNAs in PKD, the PKD/Mhm (cy/+) rat, served as a model to study human ADPKD. A parallel microarray-based approach was conducted to profile the expression changes of mRNAs and miRNAs in PKD/Mhm rats. 1,573 up- and 1,760 down-regulated genes were differentially expressed in PKD/Mhm. These genes are associated with 17 pathways (such as focal adhesion, cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, DNA replication and metabolic pathways) and 47 (e.g., cell proliferation, Wnt and Tgfβ signaling) Gene Ontologies. Furthermore, we found the similar expression patterns of deregulated genes between PKD/Mhm (cy/+) rat and human ADPKD, PKD1(L3/L3), PKD1(-/-), Hnf1α-deficient, and Glis2(lacZ/lacZ) models. Additionally, several differentially regulated genes were noted to be target hubs for miRNAs. We also obtained 8 significantly up-regulated miRNAs (rno-miR-199a-5p, -214, -146b, -21, -34a, -132, -31 and -503) in diseased kidneys of PKD/Mhm rats. Additionally, the binding site overrepresentation and pathway enrichment analyses were accomplished on the putative targets of these 8 miRNAs. 7 out of these 8 miRNAs and their possible interactions have not been previously described in ADPKD. We have shown a strong overlap of functional patterns (pathways) between deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs in the PKD/Mhm (cy/+) rat model. Our findings suggest that several miRNAs may be associated in regulating pathways in ADPKD. We further describe novel miRNAs and their possible targets in ADPKD, which will open new avenues to understand the pathogenesis of human ADPKD. Furthermore they could serve as a useful resource for anti-fibrotic therapeutics.
Specific Hydraulic Conductivity of Corneal Stroma as Seen by Quick-Freeze/Deep-Etch (2000)

Previous studies of the hydraulic conductivity of connective tissues have failed to show a correspondence between ultrastructure and specific hydraulic conductivity. We used the technique of quick-freeze/deep-etch to examine the ultrastructure of the corneal stroma and then utilized morphometric studies to compute the specific hydraulic conductivity of the corneal stroma. Our studies demonstrated ultrastructural elements of the extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma that are not seen using conventional electron microscopic techniques. Furthermore, we found that these structures may be responsible for generating the high flow resistance characteristic of connective tissues. From analysis of micrographs corrected for depth-of-field effects, we used Carmen-Kozeny theory to bound a morphometrically determined specific hydraulic conductivity of the corneal stroma between 0.46 x 10(-14) and 10.3 x 10(-14) cm2. These bounds encompass experimentally measured values in the literature of 0.5 x 10(-14) to 2 x 10(-14) cm2. The largest source of uncertainty was due to the depth-of-field estimates that ranged from 15 to 51 nm; a better estimate would substantially reduce the uncertainty of these morphometrically determined values.
Take two software updates and see me in the morning: the case for software security evaluations of medical devices (2011)

Abstract—Medical devices used for critical care are becoming increasingly reliant on software; however, little is understood about the security vulnerabilities facing medical devices and their software. To investigate this open question, we analyze the security of software that controls a modern Automated External Defibrillator (AED) used for treating cardiac arrhythmias. This report represents the first public embedded software security analysis of a medical device. We identify several software security vulnerabilities and discuss key insights and open challenges in improving software-controlled medical devices to be resistant to malware. We found the AED would accept counterfeit firmware updates. We did not locate any standard cryptographic controls. We conclude with recommendations and open challenges in securing medical devices. 1 I.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Aziridines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new spin-functional MOSFET based on magnetic tunnel junction technology: pseudo-spin-MOSFET (2009)

We fabricated and characterized a new spin-functional MOSFET referred to as a pseudo-spin-MOSFET (PS-MOSFET). The PS-MOSFET is a circuit using an ordinary MOSFET and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) for reproducing functions of spin-transistors. Device integration techniques for a bottom gate MOSFET using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and for an MTJ with a full-Heusler alloy electrode and MgO tunnel barrier were developed. The fabricated PS-MOSFET exhibited high and low transconductance controlled by the magnetization configurations of the MTJ at room temperature. This is the first observation of spin-transistor operations for spin-functional MOSFETs.
Mixed Protein Blends Composed of Gelatin and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin:  Effects of Solvent-Induced Crystallization and Composition (2006)

Novel protein blends have been prepared by mixing gelatin (G) with Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and using aqueous methanol (MeOH) to post-induce SF crystallization. When co-cast from solution, amorphous blends of these polymers appear homogeneous, as discerned from visual observation, microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Upon subsequent exposure to aqueous MeOH, SF undergoes a conformational change from random coil to beta sheet. This transformation occurs in pure SF, as well as in each of the G/SF blends, according to X-ray diffractometry and thermal calorimetry. The influence of MeOH-induced SF crystallization on structure and property development has been ascertained in terms of preparation history and blend composition. Thermal gravimetric analysis reveals that the presence of beta sheets in SF and G/SF blends improves thermal stability, while extensional rheometry confirms that SF crystallization enhances the tensile properties of the blends. By preserving a support scaffold above the G helix-to-coil transition temperature, the formation of crystalline SF networks in G/SF blends can be used to stabilize G-based hydrogels for biomaterial and pharmaceutical purposes. The present study not only examines the properties of G/SF blends before and after SF crystallization, but also establishes the foundation for future research into thermally responsive G/SF bioconjugates.
Reinforcement of polyurethane elastomers with microfibres having varying aspect ratios (1995)

A mathematical model has been used to predict the effect of fibre aspect ratio on the mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane elastomers reinforced with short, microscopic fibres. The study suggested that only a small fraction of the mechanical property improvement possible has been realized in previous attempts to reinforce polyurethane elastomers using microfibres of modest aspect ratios. It was predicted that the mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane elastomers could be improved significantly by reinforcement with small amounts of microscopic fibres having high aspect ratios. Samples were prepared and characterized to test these predictions. Good agreement was seen between the theoretically predicted property trends and those actually observed. It was observed that only 2 phr§ of microscopic bacterial cellulose fibres having high aspect ratios nearly doubled the Young's modulus and tripled the strength of a flexible polyurethane elastomer. This reinforcement far surpassed that observed for microfibres having more modest aspect ratios.
CATALYST DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CELLULOSE GASIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE OPERATION VARIABLES (2002)

Biomass gasification to synthesis gas is the most promising approach to share renewable energy, compared with its use as a combustion fuel. This is because the synthesis gas can be converted to
Cooperative multi-robot information acquisition based on distributed robust model predictive control (2016)

In this paper, we propose a distributed multi-robot control system working in dynamic and uncertain environments. Robust model predictive control (robust MPC) enables robots to deal with uncertainties. However, the performance of the robust MPC is dependent on the amount of uncertainty that derives from noisy measurements, communication disturbance, etc. The proposed system includes multiple observation robots that gather information cooperatively as well as a main robot controlled by robust MPC. Therefore, the system works for not only treating the uncertainty but also decreasing it. A simulation result of a collision avoidance shows that the information acquisition by the observation robots enables the main robot to move efficiently and arrive at the goal faster than a case without the observation robots. We also focus on a problem that a large number of observation robots will increase the frequency of inter-robot collision avoidances, and thus negatively affect to the performance of the main robot. Simulation results under various conditions on a disturbance level and a measurement range of sensors clarifies an adequate number of observation robots as well as the design guideline about sensors and networks.
Simulation of Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Titanate Ceramics (1997)

Abstract Using a numerical simulation method, the electrostatic properties of grain boundaries in titanate ceramics (SrTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 ) are calculated by the combination of a defect chemistry model and the general potential equation. Based on these results and a simple three‐dimensional “brick‐wall‐model” of the ceramic microstructure, an equivalent network is developed for the ceramic body which consists of a great number of R C ‐branches. Using this network it is possible to calculate the frequency dependence of the complex impedance of the ceramic. The results of the impedance simulation can be compared to experimental results. This comparison yields information about the charge transport across and along the grain boundaries and about the influence of the temperature, the bulk dopant concentrations, and the donor‐ or acceptor‐like grain boundary interface states on the electrical properties of the grain boundaries. By using the simulation technique one gets additional information to interpret and understand the experimental results and to model the physical and electrical behaviour of the grain boundaries which mainly determine the electrical characteristics of the ceramic.
A Distributed Interactive Music Application using Harmonic Constraint (2000)

www.research.ibm.com/music We describe a novel and intuitive interactive application for musical performance. This application, called the Pazellian, provides an easy way for users to control musical performance aspects such as dynamics and articulation, instrumentation, and the actual pitches being played. Users interact with the music via simple gestures on a graphical user interface. “Smart Harmony ” technology harmonically constrains the pitches played, allowing even users with no musical training to obtain musically sensible results. The application is distributed, allowing multiple users to perform or control different instruments together. This paper discusses the Pazellian’s functionality and design. We further describe novel features such as aural highlighting and soloing, along with issues and solutions concerning its distributed architecture.
Six-way power divider for series feed using H-plane T-junctions (2016)

This article presents a six-way series power divider that consists of a series of H-plane T-junctions. A design methodology for controlling a dividing power ratio with optimum design of irises and septum is also proposed, and formulas for determining the power ratio of each T-junction are introduced. Moreover, design equations have been developed for an H-plane T-junction operating at normalized frequency of 1.3745 (λ = 105 mm) by using a curve-fitting approach. The return loss of the designed power divider is −36.3 dB and the insertion loss is about 0.3 dB at operating frequency. The maximum magnitude and phase variation at output ports are 0.4 dB and 2.8°, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1622–1626, 2016
Phase-only Beam Broadening for Array Antennas (2023)

Two beam broadening techniques for active electronically scanned array (AESA) antennas using phase-only control are proposed. As a preliminary step, the problem dimensionality is reduced from five to only two variables. The first method is suitable for various applications and involves an efficient optimization of phase tapering. The second technique is more specific for radar AESAs typically transmitting pulse trains used for coherent integration. Here, time dependent phase modulation is employed to effectively produce amplitude tapering resulting in beam broadening.