gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Backwards Time (2006)

Abstract This chapter involves the readings of Graham Swift's Waterland and Martin Amis's Time's Arrow. Waterland is a novel full of explicit theorisation that finds its application in the storytelling itself: a novel which explores the theme of time through the temporal logic of storytelling. A discussion which aims to explain what it is that the contemporary novel has expressed, if anything, about time, is provided. In Amis's Time's Arrow, the disjunction between the narrator and the narrated is not a difference of location in time, but one of the experience of the direction of time. The effect that time reversal seems least in control of is the relationship between the meaning of words and the forward direction of time. Time's Arrow offers a striking example of a contradiction between what the novel does and what it says.
Some Organometallic Chemistry of Molybdenum Complexes that Contain the [HIPTN3N]3- Triamidoamine Ligand, {[3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3NCH2CH2]3N}3- (2005)

Reactions between [HIPTN3N]Mo(N2) and ethylene, acetylene, or CO yield Mo(η2-C2H4), Mo(η2-C2H2), and Mo(CO), respectively ([HIPTN3N]3- = [3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3NCH2CH2]3N3-; HIPT = hexaisopropylterphenyl; [HIPTN3N]Mo = Mo). All are paramagnetic C3 symmetric species. Attempts to prepare Mo(CO) through reduction of MoCl with Na/Hg in THF under carbon monoxide yielded [Mo(CO)]Na, in which the sodium ion is believed to be bound within the HIPT aryl system. Addition of a variety of acids such as [Et3NH]BAr‘4 to [Mo(CO)]Na led to formation of the carbonyl hydride, Mo(CO)H, which also could be prepared by treating MoH with CO. Reactions between MoH and ethylene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene in benzene yield paramagnetic, red Mo(CH2R) complexes (CH2R = ethyl, hexyl, or octyl). MoMe could be prepared by treating MoCl with AlMe3 at room temperature over a period of 2 days. Treatment of MoH with acetylene affords yellow diamagnetic Mo(η2-CHCH2) plus polyacetylene. The MoCH2R complexes decompose at ∼150 °C to yield the alkylidyne complexes, Mo⋮CR, quantitatively. No change was observed upon heating a toluene solution of MoCH3 to 160 °C for 24 h. However, Mo⋮CH could be prepared from a mixture of MoCl, 3 equiv of dichloromethane, and a large excess of magnesium powder in THF under argon at 90 °C. Although we have seen no evidence of thermal rearrangement of Mo(η2-CHCH2) to Mo⋮CCH3, that rearrangement is readily catalyzed by [2,6-LutH]BAr‘4. Attempts to prepare Mo-C⋮CH from [Mo(NH3)]BAr‘4 and NaC⋮CH led to formation of a yellow crystalline compound that was shown in an X-ray study to be one in which the acetylide had “inserted” into an ortho C−H bond in the phenyl ring attached to the amido nitrogen. Orange paramagnetic MoCN can be isolated in good yield from the reaction between [Mo(NH3)]BPh4 and [Bu4N]CN in fluorobenzene. Electrochemical studies in 0.1 M [Bu4N]BAr‘4 in PhF at room temperature revealed reversible couples for Mo(C2H4)+/0 and Mo(C2H2)+/0 at −0.42 and −0.94 V, respectively, while Mo(CN) exhibits two redox processes at −0.27 and −1.61 V that we assign to the Mo(CN)+/0 and Mo(CN)0/- redox couples, respectively. Addition of [Cp2Fe]BAr‘4 to a solution of Mo(η2-C2H2) in C6D6 produces diamagnetic [Mo(η2-C2H2)]BAr‘4, while addition of [Cp2Fe]BAr‘4 to a C6D6 solution of Mo(η2-C2H4) led to formation of diamagnetic [Mo(C2H4)]BAr‘4. Structures of Mo(C2H4), [Mo(C2H4)]BAr‘4, Mo(CH2CH3), and “Mo(C⋮CH)” were determined through X-ray studies.
Robotic tumbling locomotion (2011)

In this paper we introduce tumbling, a relatively unexplored method of locomotion in which the robot utilizes net body rotations while ambulating. Tumbling for mobile robots is attractive in that it can enable increased mobility on smaller scales, often while reducing hardware requirements. As motivation for this interesting form of locomotion we provide a geometric analysis of a vertical step climbing task, one that tumbling robots perform well with respect to their size and complexity. In addition to our analysis we present results of a hardware experiment with a tumbling robot performing the task for varying combinations of frictional coefficients at the step and ground.
A Demodulation Technique for the Sensing Circuit of a MEMS Gyroscope (2006)

This paper deals with the design of a digital sensing interface for a MEMS gyroscope. In such devices, the information regarding the angular rate Omegaz(t) experienced by the sensor is contained in a suppressed carrier-dual side band (SC-DSB) signal, which has Omegaz (t) as modulating component. Hence, a demodulation must be carried out in order to retrieve a measurement of the angular rate. The demodulation process presented in the paper consists of a quantization stage of the SC-DSB signal, which is performed with a three-level band-pass DeltaSigma converter, followed by a digital demodulation of the DeltaSigma bit-stream with a given digital sequence. Several simulation results are reported to evaluate system performances
Drosophila melanogaster SL2 cells contain a hypoxically inducible DNA binding complex which recognises mammalian HIF‐1 binding sites (1996)

Nuclear extracts from Drosophila SL2 cells were found to contain a hypoxically inducible complex capable of binding to hypoxia response elements from mammalian genes. This complex (HIF-D) resembled mammalian hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in DNA sequence specificity, abrogation of induction by cycloheximide, induction by desferrioxamine and redox sensitivity of DNA binding. However, HIF-D was not induced by cobalt and was less sensitive to phosphatase than HIF-1. Endogenous phosphoglycerate kinase mRNA in SL2 cells showed similar inducible characteristics to HIF-D. These findings are evidence that the mammalian HIF-1 dependent system of oxygen regulated gene expression has a functional homologue in Drosophila.
Future trends of mobile and personal communications (2002)

This tutorial paper provides an overview of the fundamental concepts used in cellular radio communications, and illustrates the likely evolution and growth of the personal communications field. This paper also summarizes some of the most popular wireless standards used throughout the world.
Abstract 5427: Combination of aflibercept (VEGF trap) and docetaxel produces increased antitumor effects associated with enhanced changes to tumor vasculature (2010)

Abstract VEGF blockade in combination with chemotherapy has shown increased anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models and clinical studies. However, the mechanism by which combination treatments result in enhanced effects is not well understood. In this study, we sought to characterize the mechanism for improved effects of aflibercept plus docetaxel on HT1080, a human fibrosarcoma line that is resistant to anti-VEGF treatment. Immunodeficient SCID mice bearing subcutaneous HT1080 tumors (size ∼100 mm3) were treated with either control protein (hFc) plus docetaxel vehicle, aflibercept (25 mg/kg s.c.), docetaxel (4.5 mg/kg i.v.), or the combination. Following three treatments administered every 3-4 days, tumors were left to grow and harvested when the average size of the treatment group reached ∼600mm3. We found that combination treatment with aflibercept plus docetaxel was significantly more efficacious than either single agent. Although treatments with docetaxel alone and in combination with aflibercept both initially regressed tumor size, the combination was significantly more effective at delaying long-term tumor regrowth. In tumors harvested 24 hrs after the last treatment, combination treatment produced a dramatic decrease in the number of proliferating cells and a concomitant increase in pyknotic cells. Aflibercept or docetaxel alone had only modest effects on the vessels in this tumor, whereas the combination treatment resulted in pruned vessels with less branching, some vessels with punctate endothelial cell staining, and an increase in TUNEL-positive endothelial cells. These results suggest that combination of aflibercept plus taxols (docetaxel) causes enhanced effects on the tumor vessels, thus improving efficacy in tumors with vasculature that exhibit resistance to VEGF blockade. Further understanding the mechanistic basis underlying these combination treatments may provide insight into improving current strategies to manage tumors resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5427.
Characterization of transforming growth factors produced by the insulin‐independent teratoma‐derived cell line 1246‐3A (1989)

The 1246-3A cell line is an insulin-independent variant derived from the adipogenic cell line 1246. Data presented in this paper indicate that the 1246-3A cell line releases in its culture medium two types of transforming growth factors, TGF-alpha- and TGF-beta-like polypeptides, and a growth inhibitor. TGF-alpha like polypeptide eluted from Biogel P60 column into two fractions with an apparent molecular weight of 50 kDa and 13 kDa. These high-molecular-weight TGF-alpha-like factors competed with 125I-EGF for binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and were specifically immunoprecipitated by incubation with antirat TGF-alpha antibody, not by incubation with anti-EGF antibody. Both fractions promoted anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney NRK cells in the absence of EGF and stimulated DNA synthesis in quiescent Balb/c-3T3 cells in a fashion similar to EGF and synthetic TGF-alpha. In addition to secreting TGF-alpha-like polypeptides, 1246-3A cells produce TGF-beta. This polypeptide, eluted from Biogel P60 chromatography with an apparent molecular weight of 25 kDa, promoted anchorage-independent growth of NRK cells in the presence of EGF and was growth inhibitory for Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts CCL 39 cells. Interestingly, another growth inhibitory activity was detected in Biogel P60 fractions and eluted with an apparent molecular weight of between 9.5-11 kDa. This fraction was different from TGF-beta and TGF-alpha as determined by specific radioreceptor competition assays. TGF-alpha and TGF-beta-like polypeptides could represent autocrine growth stimulators for the insulin-independent 1246-3A cells and act in synergy with insulin-related factor (IRF) for an optimal stimulation of 1246-3A cell proliferation in serum-free medium.
Synthesis, isolation, and thermal behavior of polybutadiene grafted with poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene) (2005)

Abstract 2,3,4,5,6‐Pentafluorostyrene (PFS) was copolymerized with polybutadiene (PB) in tetrahydrofuran using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator at 50, 60, and 80 °C. The copolymerizations follow typical radical polymerization kinetics and behavior. The grafting parameters were evaluated as a function of monomer conversion, initiator concentration, and/or temperature by gel permeation chromatography of directly injected copolymerization mixtures. The grafting efficiencies and grafting ratios are most consistent with a system that terminates by combination and whose graft sites are generated by hydrogen abstraction of allylic radicals by primary initiator radicals. Pure graft copolymers were isolated by extracting unreacted PB into hexanes and PPFS homopolymer into acetone. The similarity of the glass transition temperatures of the PPFS grafts and the corresponding extracted PPFS homopolymers confirms that their lengths are approximately equal. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2874–2891, 2005
Biochemical and structural characterization of a thermostable β-glucosidase from Halothermothrix orenii for galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis (2014)

Lactose is a major disaccharide by-product from the dairy industries, and production of whey alone amounts to about 200 million tons globally each year. Thus, it is of particular interest to identify improved enzymatic processes for lactose utilization. Microbial β-glucosidases (BGL) with significant β-galactosidase (BGAL) activity can be used to convert lactose to glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal), and most retaining BGLs also synthesize more complex sugars from the monosaccharides by transglycosylation, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which are prebiotic compounds that stimulate growth of beneficial gut bacteria. In this work, a BGL from the thermophilic and halophilic bacterium Halothermothrix orenii, HoBGLA, was characterized biochemically and structurally. It is an unspecific β-glucosidase with mixed activities for different substrates and prominent activity with various galactosidases such as lactose. We show that HoBGLA is an attractive candidate for industrial lactose conversion based on its high activity and stability within a broad pH range (4.5-7.5), with maximal β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0. The temperature optimum is in the range of 65-70 °C, and HoBGLA also shows excellent thermostability at this temperature range. The main GOS products from HoBGLA transgalactosylation are β-D-Galp-(1→6)-D-Lac (6GALA) and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-D-Lac (3GALA), indicating that D-lactose is a better galactosyl acceptor than either of the monosaccharides. To evaluate ligand binding and guide GOS modeling, crystal structures of HoBGLA were determined in complex with thiocellobiose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose and glucose. The two major GOS products, 3GALA and 6GALA, were modeled in the substrate-binding cleft of wild-type HoBGLA and shown to be favorably accommodated.
Multivariate Data Analysis for Drug Identification Using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction (2009)

Preliminary studies have shown the effectiveness of multivariate analysis (MVA) for drug identification from energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction patterns. A statistical model to predict drug content from the diffraction profile of a sample of mixed composition was developed by applying MVA to both experimental and simulated data. Separate data-sets were used for building and testing the models. Both experimental and simulated data were used and the MVA predictions compared. Experimental data included diffraction patterns from small (5 mm diameter) drug samples with various cutting agents, acquired with a HPGe detector; simulated data included diffraction patterns of samples including materials simulating drugs (i.e., materials featuring sharp diffraction peaks in the relevant momentum transfer range) and typical packaging materials. Both a HPGe detector (energy resolution 0.7 keV at 59.5 keV) and a CZT detector (energy resolution 4 keV at all energies) were simulated. MVA was used to predict the drug content. In all cases different statistics were applied to assess the detection limits of the models. Multivariate analysis has proved effective in both identifying the presence of a drug and its concentration. Due to the large contribution to peak broadening given by angular resolution, no significant decrease in accuracy has been found when using CZT with respect to HPGe data.
Analytical Modeling of Nonlinear Diffusion of Arsenic in Silicon (1987)

An analytical model is given for the nonlinear evolution of the diffusion profile of implanted arsenic in silicon. Special emphasis is given to the study of the front region of the diffusing impurity profile where the concentration falls steeply and previously given approximate investigations fail to apply. In particular, explicit expressions are found for the junction depth and the steepness of the profile at the junction, both important parameters in semiconductor device fabrication.
Fully integrated CMOS X-Band power amplifier quad with current reuse and dynamic digital feedback (DDF) capabilities (2017)

A 10GHz fully-integrated stacked PA quad with dynamic digital feedback and control loops provides total output power of 200mW at 37% PAE. It utilizes data provided by multiple on-chip sensors to maintain safe operating conditions and regulate the individual power PA power supply voltages and independent power control for each PA. This digitally controlled stacked PA quad with on-chip matching allows higher operation voltages while maintaining current consumption constant, leading to higher overall system efficiency, as ohmic drop losses under large supply-to-breakdown voltage ratios are reduced.
Engineered Polypeptides as a Tool for Controlling Catalytic Active Janus Particles (2023)

Active Janus colloids are functional particles that combine two distinct chemical or physical surface properties. The anisotropic nature of this class of patchy particles allows them to harvest and redirect energy to create a local force that leads to autonomous motion. Modulating the surface forces experienced by or the responsiveness of a Janus particle’s surface offer an avenue of further control. There are broad efforts in the community to advance the fundamental understanding of and engineer such control into active systems. This article aims to summarize recent work in catalytic active Janus colloids, peptide and polypeptide engineering and design, and present work showing how engineered polypeptides can be used to control motion of catalytic active particles. Experiments probing nonspecific effects are reviewed that measured the active motion of 5 μm catalytic Janus spheres in the presence of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG). Previous work has found that at infinitely dilute concentrations of particles, the addition of PEG in solution reduced particle propulsion speed. Further increasing particle concentration led to increased clustering at low concentrations of PEG, but clustering was then reduced at high concentrations of PEG. These results inspired work presented herein with 3 μm particles that shows platinum binding peptides that specifically attach to the platinum cap reduced the propulsion speed. These data support a pathway for using engineered peptides as tools for controlling the activity of catalytic active Janus particles. Overall, this article highlights how nonspecific and specific molecular interactions can achieve control in active systems.
Supplementary figure 1 from Intratumoral Comparison of Nanoparticle Entrapped Docetaxel (CPC634) with Conventional Docetaxel in Patients with Solid Tumors (2023)

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Tertiary and Quaternary Phosphonium Borane Bifunctional Catalysts for CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization: A Mechanistic Investigation Using In Situ Raman Spectroscopy (2022)

Tertiary and quaternary phosphonium borane catalysts are employed as catalysts for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. Catalyst structures are strategically modified to gain insights into the intricate structure–activity relationship. To quantitatively and rigorously compare these catalysts, the copolymerization reactions were monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy, allowing the determination of polymerization rate constants. The polymerization rates are very sensitive to perturbations in phosphonium/borane substituents as well as the tether length. To further evaluate catalysts, a nonisothermal kinetic technique has been developed, enabling direct mapping of polymerization rate constant (kp) as a function of polymerization temperatures. By applying this method, key intrinsic attributes governing catalyst performance, such as activation enthalpy (ΔH‡), entropy (ΔS‡), and optimal polymerization temperature (Topt), can be extracted in a single continuous temperature sweep experiment. In-depth analyses reveal intricate trends between ΔH‡, ΔS‡, and Lewis acidity (as determined using the Gutmann–Beckett method) with respect to structural variations. Collectively, these results are more consistent with the mechanistic proposal in which the resting state is a carbonate species, and the rate-determining step is the ring-opening of epoxide. In agreement with the experimental results, DFT calculations indicate the important contributions of noncovalent stabilizations exerted by the phosphonium moieties. Excitingly, these efforts identify tertiary phosphonium borane analogues, featuring an acidic phosphonium proton, as leading catalysts on the basis of kp and Topt. Mediated by phosphonium borane catalysts, epoxides such as butylene oxide (BO), n-butyl glycidyl ether (BGE), 4-vinyl cyclohexene oxide (VCHO), and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) were copolymerized with CO2 to form polyalkylene carbonate with >95% chemo-selectivity. The tertiary phosphonium catalysts maintain their high activity in the presence of large excess of di-alcohols as chain-transferring agents, affording well-defined telechelic polyols. The results presented herein shed light on the cooperative catalysis between phosphonium and borane.
Tunable Passive Integrated Circuits Using BST Thin Films (2002)

Preliminary results from our work on compact phase shifters using BaSrTiO 3 thin films are presented. A reflection phase shifter utilizing a lumped element resonator achieved 120 phase shift at 10GHz with m 3.3dB insertion loss. A synthetic transmission line true time delay phase shifter at 5GHz was able to achieve a phase shift of 60 with m 1.1dB insertion loss. These results were obtained in a process suitable for integration with conventional passive and hybrid circuit technologies.
Measurement of theBs0→μ+μ−Branching Fraction and Search forB0→μ+μ−Decays at the LHCb Experiment (2013)

A search for the rare decays Bs(0)→μ+ μ- and B(0)→μ+ μ- is performed at the LHCb experiment. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb(-1) of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2 fb(-1) at 8 TeV. An excess of Bs(0)→μ+ μ- signal candidates with respect to the background expectation is seen with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations. A time-integrated branching fraction of B(Bs(0)→μ+ μ-)=(2.9(-1.0)(+1.1))×10(-9) is obtained and an upper limit of B(B(0)→μ+ μ-)<7.4×10(-10) at 95% confidence level is set. These results are consistent with the standard model expectations.
Differentiation of Epoxide Enantiomers in the Confined Spaces of an Homochiral Cu(II) Metal‐Organic Framework by Kinetic Resolution (2021)

TAMOF-1, a homochiral metal-organic framework (MOF) constructed from an amino acid derivative and Cu(II), was investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst in kinetic resolutions involving the ring opening of styrene oxide with a set of anilines. The branched products generated from the ring opening of styrene oxide with anilines and the unreacted epoxide were obtained with moderately high enantiomeric excesses. The linear product arising from the attack on the non-benzylic position of styrene oxide underwent a second kinetic resolution by reacting with the epoxide, resulting in an amplification of its final enantiomeric excess and a concomitant formation of an array of isomeric aminodiols. Computational studies confirmed the experimental results, providing a deep understanding of the whole process involving the two successive kinetic resolutions. Furthermore, TAMOF-1 activity was conserved after several catalytic cycles. The ring opening of a meso-epoxide with aniline catalyzed by TAMOF-1 was also studied and moderate enantioselectivities were obtained.