gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Anticancer Activities of the Extract of Fermented Egyptian Rice Bran Complexed with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2022)

Egyptian rice bran was fermented with baker's yeast, and released phenolics were extracted with aqueous methanol to give fermented rice bran extract (FRBE). The analysis of the FRBE with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 21 compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids. The FRBE was then complexed with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) via noncovalent host-guest inclusion complexation using the thin-film hydration technique to improve the hydrophilicity and bioactivity of the FRBE. The formation of the inclusion complex was confirmed using HPLC, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR, and a phase solubility study. In addition, the biological activities of the complex were investigated. The FRBE/HPβCD inclusion complex had more pronounced antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer activities compared to free FRBE. These findings warrant the future investigation of potential medical applications of FRBE.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA to Guide Prostate Cancer Treatment with PARP Inhibition (2017)

Biomarkers for more precise patient care are needed in metastatic prostate cancer. We have reported a phase II trial (TOPARP-A) of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in metastatic prostate cancer, demonstrating antitumor activity associating with homologous recombination DNA repair defects. We now report targeted and whole-exome sequencing of serial circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples collected during this trial. Decreases in cfDNA concentration independently associated with outcome in multivariable analyses (HR for overall survival at week 8: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.56; <i>P</i> = 0.003). All tumor tissue somatic DNA repair mutations were detectable in cfDNA; allele frequency of somatic mutations decreased selectively in responding patients (χ<sup>2</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001). At disease progression, following response to olaparib, multiple subclonal aberrations reverting germline and somatic DNA repair mutations (<i>BRCA2, PALB2</i>) back in frame emerged as mechanisms of resistance. These data support the role of liquid biopsies as a predictive, prognostic, response, and resistance biomarker in metastatic prostate cancer.<b>Significance:</b> We report prospectively planned, serial, cfDNA analyses from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated on an investigator-initiated phase II trial of olaparib. These analyses provide predictive, prognostic, response, and resistance data with "second hit" mutations first detectable at disease progression, suggesting clonal evolution from treatment-selective pressure and platinum resistance. <i>Cancer Discov; 7(9); 1006-17. ©2017 AACR.</i><i>See related commentary by Domchek, p. 937</i><i>See related article by Kondrashova et al., p. 984</i><i>See related article by Quigley et al., p. 999</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 920</i>.
S -Nitrosothiol-Modified Dendrimers as Nitric Oxide Delivery Vehicles (2020)

The synthesis and characterization of two generation-4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with S-nitrosothiol exteriors are reported. The hyperbranched macromolecules were modified with either N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (NAP) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NACys) and analyzed via 1H and 13C-NMR, UV absorption spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and size exclusion chromatography. Treatment of the dendritic thiols with nitrite solutions yielded the corresponding S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide (NO) donors (G4-SNAP, G4-NACysNO). Chemiluminescent NO detection demonstrated that the dendrimers were capable of storing ~2 μmol NO·mg−1 when exposed to triggers of S-nitrosothiol decomposition (e.g., light and copper). The kinetics of NO-release were found to be highly dependent on the structure of the nitrosothiol (i.e., tertiary vs. primary) and exhibited similar NO-release characteristics to classical small molecule nitrosothiols reported in the literature. As demonstration of utility, the ability of G4-SNAP to inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation was assayed. At equivalent nitrosothiol concentrations (25 μM), the G4-SNAP dendrimer resulted in a 62% inhibition of platelet aggregation, compared to only 17% for the small molecule NO donor. The multivalent NO storage, the dendritic effects exerted on nitrosothiol stability and reactivity, and the utility of dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles highlight the potential of these constructs as clinically useful S-nitrosothiol-based therapeutics.
Original Article : Osteogenic Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Scaffold with Drug-Loaded Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Microspheres in Beagle Dogs (2012)

The goal of this study was to develop a bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold as a calcium phosphatebased bioceramic using drug-loaded polymeric microspheres for bone regeneration. Dexamethasone (DEX) as a model bioactive molecule and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres as a carrier were employed. Polyethyleneimine was coated on DEX-loaded PLGA microsphere surfaces, resulting in a net positively-charged surface. With such modification of the PLGA microsphere surfaces, DEX-loaded PLGA microspheres were immobilized on the negatively charged HA scaffold surfaces. The release profile of DEX over a 4-week immersion study indicated an initial burst release followed by a sustained release. In vivo evaluation of the defects filled with DEX-loaded HA scaffolds indicated that new bone formation was enhanced when compared to defects that were either unfilled or filled only with HA scaffold. This innovative platform for bioactive molecule delivery more potently induced osteogenesis in vivo, which may be exploited in implantable bone graft substitutes for stem cell therapy or improved in vivo performance.
The Motif D Loop of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Is Critical for Nucleoside 5′-Triphosphate Selectivity (1999)

Version of Record
PROGRESS ON THE FABRICATION OF ON-CHIP, INTEGRATED CHALCOGENIDE GLASS (CHG)-BASED SENSORS (2010)

In this paper, we review ongoing progress in the development of novel on-chip, low loss planar molecular sensors that address the emerging need in the field of biochemical sensing. Chalcogenide glasses were identified as the material of choice for sensing due to their wide infrared transparency window. We report the details of manufacturing processes used to realize novel high-index-contrast, compact micro-disk resonators. Our findings demonstrate that our device can operate in dual modalities, for detection of the infrared optical absorption of a binding event using cavity enhanced spectroscopy, or sensing refractive index change due to surface molecular binding and extracting micro-structural evolution information via cavity enhanced refractometry.
Reviews have to be fair and unbiased (1999)

EDITOR—As the editors of the Textbook of Clinical Medicine of Asia we believe that we have to respond to the unnecessarily rude and offensive review of our book in the BMJ .1 Gilks has misunderstood the purpose of our textbook and also shows his ignorance of the nature of medicine in Southeast Asia.

The difference in the standard and practice of medicine between Asia and the West (North America and Europe) is …
Avian Influenza Virus H9N2: Characterization and Control Strategies (2007)

Control of Avian Influenza (AI) infection is a highly topical subject of major economicimportance for the worldwide poultry industry at the national level and for international trade.H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry throughout Asia and the Middle East, causing major losses inproduction. Moreover, these viruses pose wider threats since they have been isolated from bothswine and humans. At the same time, study of the AI viruses affords an opportunity to explore anumber of problems of intriguing scientific interest. The overall goal of this project was to developa sound control strategy for avian influenza subtype H9N2 viruses (AI H9N2) in commercialpoultry in Israel. The one-year feasibility study focused on two main goals, namely: to study themolecular characteristics of AI H9N2 circulating during the last seven years in Israel and todevelop tools enabling differentiation between the immune response to vaccination and infectionwith H9N2.Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of 29 selected AI H9N2 isolates (2000-2006)was performed by complete sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and all sixinternal genes [nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2),polymerase acid (PA), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes]; comparative phylogenetic andgenetic analyses of these sequences; and comparative genetic analyses of deduced amino acidsequences of the HA, NA, NS1, and NS2 proteins. The major conclusions of the molecularanalyses were: (1) Israeli isolates, together with other H9N2 viruses isolated in Middle Eastcountries, comprise a single regional sublineage related to the G1-lineage. In addition, Israeliisolates subdivided into three different subgroups. Genetic analysis of these viruses suggests thatthey underwent divergent evolution paths.
Advantages in using multi-frequency driving to enhance ultrasound contrast microbubble non-linearities for optimizing echo particle image velocimetry techniques (2005)

Accurate measurement of velocity profile, multiple velocity vectors and local shear stress in arteries is important for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. We have recently developed an ultrasound based velocimetry technique, termed echo particle image velocimetry (Echo-PIV). Preliminary in vitro, animal and clinical studies have shown significant promise of this method for measuring multiple velocity components with good temporal and spatial resolution. However, there is still difficulty in maximizing the non-linearity of bubble backscatter using conventional Gaussian-pulse excitation techniques at modest pressure amplitudes. We present here a potential solution to this problem through the use of multifrequency excitation. Results show that a rectangular wave is effective in improving the visibility of microbubbles. Use of rectangular pulses with 4 and 2 harmonics showed no significant difference in backscatter behavior, indicating that a two-frequency excitation may be sufficient to induce nonlinear behavior of the microbubbles at modest incident pressures.
Reduced Dimension Beamspace Design Incorporating Nested Array For Mmwave Channel Estimation (2019)

Millimeter wave systems often have very few number of RF chains as compared to the number of antenna elements in order to reduce power consumption and complexity. In this work, we study the design of the mapping function Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N×r</sub> from the antenna element space of size N to the reduced beamspace dimension r. In the first part of this paper, we restrict the mapping function to antenna selection matrix that chooses antenna elements in a large ULA to form a nested array. For r ≤ 2 N - 1, we can identify such nested arrays using appropriate selection matrices. For r > 2√N - 1, we select elements associated with each additional RF chain to maximally improve CRLB for a limited scattering environment, modeled using a single angle of arrival. The above design of the mapping function lacks beamforming (BF) gain, which is crucial for the channel estimation (CE) phase in mmWave communications. In the second part of the paper, we design a mapping function Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N×r</sub> that provides BF gain while forming an approximate nested array, when focused in an appropriately narrow angular space.
All‐optical invariant target recognition based on intensity‐to‐phase coding (1996)

We have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of a
scale, rotation, and translation invariant all-optical processor for automatic
target recognition. This simple processor consists of a single Fourier
lens and uses a phase-coded input image of the target obtained by
the recording of the original image onto a phase-only material through a
Ronchi-type grating. A logarithmic distance measure is introduced to
separate two classes of targets under the experiment. A real-time implementation
of the processor is suggested utilizing a specially designed
spatial light modulator.
Electromechanical tuning of cholesteric liquid crystals (2010)

The electrical tuning of negative dielectric anisotropy (−Δε) cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) under the influence of ac and dc electric fields was studied. Unlike (+Δε) CLCs, these materials align their helical axis along the applied electric field, allowing the preservation of the optical band gap. Our results show band gap shifts greater than 20% of the original notch position with little change in the quality of the band gap, including the bandwidth and notch depth. These results can be understood by using an electromechanical model, which shows that the Maxwell’s stresses are sufficiently strong to distort the ITO glass substrates. Simple beam and plate elasticity theory is shown to adequately describe the observed behavior. The electromechanical effect is then used to create CLC cells, which can both red and blue tune. This mechanism may have interesting applications in tunable optical filters, optical pressure/stress sensors, and tunable laser technologies.
Fine-Motion-Control Method for Realizing High-Accuracy and High-Speed Contact Motion of Industrial Robots by Employing Sensorless Force Control (2012)

This paper proposes a new fine-motion-control method for realizing high-accuracy and high-speed contact motion of industrial robots by employing sensorless force control. Today, although industrial robots have become considerably important in the modern industrial society, their functions are limited. A typical limited function is the positioning motion control of robots used in the manufacturing industry. Contact motion is necessary for almost all new applications. In this study, by employing the proposed motion control, smooth and quick contact motion of industrial robots is realized by using a sensorless I-P (Integral-Proportional) force feedback controller. The proposed method is simple and effective, takes into account both the inertia of a robot and the behavior of the I-P force controller. In the experiments, a three-degree-of-freedom robot is brought into contact with an object (a concrete block or a rubber board) by the I-P force control using the proposed method. Further, in the experiment, the motion of the robot's end-effector was considered. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by using a six-axis force sensor and an acceleration sensor in the contact motion experiments.
Bacterial and Viral Infection in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Implication for Antimicrobial Management and Clinical Outcome (2020)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit frequent acute exacerbations (AE). The objectives of this study were first to evaluate the prevalence of pathogens associated to these episodes by combining conventional bacteriology and multiplex viral and bacterial PCR assays in sputum specimens, and second to determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) value and clinical outcome could be influenced by the type of microbial agent(s) recovered from these samples. A cohort of 84 Tunisian patients hospitalized at the emergency room for AECOPD was investigated prospectively for the semi-quantitative detection of bacteria by conventional culture (the threshold of positivity was of 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/ml) and for the detection of viral genome and DNA of atypical bacteria by quantitative PCR using two commercial multiplex respiratory kits (Seegene and Fast-track). The two kits exhibited very similar performances although the Seegene assay was a bit more sensitive. A large number and variety of pathogens were recovered from the sputum samples of these 84 patients, including 15 conventional bacteria, one <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and 63 respiratory viruses, the most prevalent being rhinoviruses (<i>n</i> = 33) and influenza viruses (<i>n</i> = 13). From complete results available for 74 patients, the presence of bacteria was significantly associated with risk of recurrence at 6 and 12 months post-infection. The combination of these different markers appears useful for delineating correctly the antimicrobial treatment and for initiating a long-term surveillance in those patients with high risk of recurrent exacerbation episodes. A prospective study is required for confirming the benefits of this strategy aimed at improving the stewardship of antibiotics.
Future Trends in Synthetic Biology: What to Expect in Asia (2020)

Synthetic biology research and technology translation has garnered increasing interest from the governments and private investors in Asia, where the technology has great potential in driving a sustainable bio-based economy. This Perspective reviews the latest developments and future directions in synthetic biology research and applications, with highlights of important developments from Asia. It also suggests plans for more effective multi-lateral collaborations that promote a sustainable development of the field and mitigate potential biosecurity risks. Through these discussions, stakeholders from different groups, including academia, industry and government, are expectantly better positioned to contribute towards the establishment of innovation and bio-economy hubs in Asia.
Metal to Semimetal Transition in CaMgSi Crystals Grown from Mg−Al Flux (2010)

Single crystals of CaMgSi were produced using the metal flux synthesis method in a Mg/Al 1:1 mixture. The large rod-shaped crystals measure up to 7 mm in length. This phase crystallizes with the orthorhombic TiNiSi structure type (space group Pnma; a = 7.4752(2) Å, b = 4.42720(10) Å, c = 8.3149(2) Å; R1 = 0.021). Despite its relationship to semiconducting Zintl phases Mg2Si and Ca2Si, CaMgSi is metallic at room temperature; this produces a positive (∼160 ppm) 29Si MAS NMR chemical shift and is supported by DOS calculations. A metal to semimetal electronic transition at around 50 K is evident in the resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Low temperature powder X-ray diffraction data indicates that a structural distortion accompanies this transition. The electronic heat capacity coefficient (0.4695 mJ/mol·K2) determined from low temperature heat capacity data supports the designation of CaMgSi as a semimetal at low temperature. The hydrogen storage capacity of this phase is negligible (≤0.5 wt % hydrogen), although exposure to hydrogen does destabilize the structure, inducing decomposition at 500 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulations of 2‐(Ynol)aryl Aldehydes: Facile Synthesis of Benzochromans and Benzobicyclo[n.3.1]acetals. (2011)

Abstract The formation of either skeleton depends on the Au catalyst used.
Swelling equilibria for heterogeneous polyacrylamide gels (1996)

To correlate swelling equilibria for heterogeneous polyacrylamide gels in water to the monomer concentration at preparation, it is necessary to modify the classic Flory–Rehner theory. The necessary modification concerns the relation which links the number of segments between juction points to the monomer concentration at preparation; that relation is here adjusted empirically. Modified theory is compared to experimental swelling equilibria for polyacrylamide gels synthesized in water by free-radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS) at various monomer concentrations. Synthesis conditions studied are (1) different AAm-to-BIS ratios with fixed total monomer concentrations, (2) different total monomer concentrations with fixed AAm-to-BIS ratios, and (3) different AAm-to-BIS ratios with a fixed number of BIS moleculcs. The modified theory and experiment show good agreement. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complement Activation, Immunogenicity, and Immune Suppression as Potential Side Effects of Liposomes (2020)

This chapter explores the information on complement activation-related pseudoallergy, accelerated blood clearance (ABC phenomenon), and immunosuppression; highlights their common and specific causes; and discusses their mechanisms. The immune effects of liposomes can be stimulatory or inhibitory, weak, moderate or severe, all with a broad individual variation in the time of onset and duration. In addition to viruses, liposomes also resemble ectosomes, i.e., membrane vesicles detached from cells, as well as most other ecto-organelles and cellular debris that form upon cell death. Nanobacteria, the smallest self-replicating pathogens, are also in the liposome size range. Acute hypersensitivity reactions to liposomes have been reported from time to time, ever since 1986, the first clinical study wherein large doses of liposomes were infused in cancer patients. Being built from natural, or natural-like (regarding stereochemistry and composition), synthetic or semisynthetic phospholipids, liposomes are generally not immunogenic.
A High-performance 65 W Universal ac-dc Converter Using a Variable-Inverter-Rectifier-Transformer with Improved Step-down Capability (2019)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an ac-dc converter for portable charger applications that uses a new variant of the recently-proposed Variable-Inverter-Rectifier-Transformer (VIRT) technique. This new version of the VIRT technique provides improved efficiency and step-down capability through inclusion of a bypass switch. The proposed design adopts both the Variable Frequency Multiplier (VFX) and the VIRT with bypass technique to maintain high performance across a wide range of input (85 - 265 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ac</sub> ) and output voltages (5 - 20 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dc</sub> ) at an output power of up to 65 W. The VIRT with bypass technique enables full utilization of the transformer core area across all modes of operation and significantly reduces transformer loss. The hardware prototype achieves a displacement power density of 44.6 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and peak efficiency of 95.1% at the rated power of 65 W.
The Buoy Effect: Surface Enrichment of a Pt Complex in IL Solution by Ligand Design (2022)

The targeted enrichment of a Pt complex with an ionic liquid (IL)-derived ligand system in IL solution is demonstrated by using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When the ligand system is complemented with fluorinated side chains, the complex accumulates strongly at the IL/gas interface, while in an equivalent solution of a complex without these substituents no such effect could be observed. This buoy-like behavior induces strong population of the complex at the outermost molecular layer close to surface saturation, which was studied over a range from 5 to 30 %<sub>mol</sub> . The surface enrichment was found to be most efficient at the lowest concentration, which is particularly favorable for catalytic applications such as supported ionic-liquid-phase (SILP) catalysis.