gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging Retinal Capillaries Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography and Adaptive Optics (2011)

UHR-AO-OCT permits observation of many of the capillaries proximal to the FAZ, including those of average size based on published histology. This supports the view that the vast majority of capillaries in the retina are likely detectable with UHR-AO-OCT.
Revisiting a Model: Continually Reassessing the Computational Role of Adult Neurogenesis. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Overcoming Hypoxia-Induced Apoptotic Resistance through Combinatorial Inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1 (2011)

Tumor hypoxia is an inherent impediment to cancer treatment that is both clinically significant and problematic. In this study, we conducted a cell-based screen to identify small molecules that could reverse the apoptotic resistance of hypoxic cancer cells. Among the compounds, we identified were a structurally related group that sensitized hypoxic cancer cells to apoptosis by inhibiting the kinases GSK-3β and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1. Combinatorial inhibition of these proteins in hypoxic cancer cells and tumors increased levels of c-Myc and decreased expression of c-IAP2 and the central hypoxia response regulator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α. In mice, these compounds augmented the hypoxic tumor cell death induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, blocking angiogenesis and tumor growth. Taken together, our findings suggest that combinatorial inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1 augment the apoptotic sensitivity of hypoxic tumors, and they offer preclinical validation of a novel and readily translatable strategy to improve cancer therapy.
Urokinase‐derived peptides regulate vascular smooth muscle contraction in vitro and in vivo (2000)

We examined the effect of urokinase (uPA) and its fragments on vascular smooth muscle cell contraction. Single-chain uPA inhibits phenylepherine (PE) -induced contraction of rat aortic rings, whereas two-chain uPA exerts the opposite effect. Two independent epitopes mediating these opposing activities were identified. A6, a capped peptide corresponding to amino acids 136-143 (KPSSPPEE) of uPA, increased the EC(50) of PE-induced vascular contraction sevenfold by inhibiting the release of calcium from intracellular stores. A6 activity was abolished by deleting the carboxyl-terminal Glu or by mutating the Ser corresponding to position 138 in uPA to Glu. A single-chain uPA variant lacking amino acids 136-143 did not induce vasorelaxation. A second epitope within the kringle of uPA potentiated PE-induced vasoconstriction. This epitope was exposed when single-chain uPA was converted to a two-chain molecule by plasmin. The isolated uPA kringle augmented vasoconstriction, whereas uPA variant lacking the kringle had no procontractile activity. These studies reveal previously undescribed vasoactive domains within urokinase and its naturally derived fragments.
New Wireline Formation Testing Tool with Advanced Sampling Technology (1999)

A recently introduced wireline formation-testing tool incorporates new digital control technology to significantly improve formation fluid sampling and pressure testing. A primary focus of the new technology is improving the quality of reservoir fluid samples. An innovative pump-out design using a digital control feedback system enables the tester to continuously monitor the fluid sampled and to make precise adjustments to the rate and pressure at which the fluid is withdrawn from the formation and injected into a sample chamber. Because the tool design incorporates a powerful pumping-system motor and an efficient hydraulic system, invaded fluids surrounding the probes, such as mud filtrate, can be flushed 50% faster than other wireline test tools, thereby enabling quicker sampling of virgin formation fluids. Sample chambers can be filled against hydrostatic pressure to insure pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) quality samples, and additional pressure can be applied to minimize phase changes that might otherwise occur because of temperature gradients in the borehole. The new system can also be used to perform a closed-chamber PVT test for the bubble point of the fluid sampled.Closely spaced dual probes are simultaneously deployed for pressure testing and fluid sampling. Besides increasing tool reliability through redundancy, the two probes allow for advanced pressure-testing techniques. For example, formation anisotropy can be determined with an interference test between the two probes. Alternatively, a new pressure-pulsing technique can be used, which uses time delays between the probes’ measured pressures to determine additional hydraulic diffusive properties of the formation. The drawdowns can be rate- or pressure-controlled from either probe.The new tester is combinable with existing openhole logging tools and tester tool sections are interchangeable. This combinability permits a complete wireline toolstring to be configured to meet particular openhole formation evaluation and testing needs in a single trip into the well. Current tool sections for the new tester include a dual-probe section (DPS), flow-control pump-out section (FPS), precision quartz gauge section (QGS), chamber valve section (CVS) for two sample chambers (1 to 5 gallon), and a multi-chamber section (MCS) with 1,000-cm3 chambers. The MCS chambers are compatible with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with NACE approved materials and have an exemption with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for common-carrier transportation.This paper details operational features of the new tester and introduces new pressure-testing and sampling interpretation techniques. Field-test results are used to demonstrate these features and techniques.
Thermal and oxidative analyses of buckminsterfullerene, C60 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal and oxidative analyses of buckminsterfullerene, C60JoAnn Milliken, Teddy M. Keller, A. P. Baronavski, Stephen W. McElvany, John H. Callahan, and H. H. NelsonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 3, 386–387Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00015a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data from Amplification of <i>PVT1</i> Contributes to the Pathophysiology of Ovarian and Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study was designed to elucidate the role of amplification at 8q24 in the pathophysiology of ovarian and breast cancer because increased copy number at this locus is one of the most frequent genomic abnormalities in these cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To accomplish this, we assessed the association of amplification at 8q24 with outcome in ovarian cancers using fluorescence &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization to tissue microarrays and measured responses of ovarian and breast cancer cell lines to specific small interfering RNAs against the oncogene &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; and a putative noncoding RNA, &lt;i&gt;PVT1&lt;/i&gt;, both of which map to 8q24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Amplification of 8q24 was associated with significantly reduced survival duration. In addition, small interfering RNA–mediated reduction in either &lt;i&gt;PVT1&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; expression inhibited proliferation in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines in which they were both amplified and overexpressed but not in lines in which they were not amplified/overexpressed. Inhibition of &lt;i&gt;PVT1&lt;/i&gt; expression also induced a strong apoptotic response in cell lines in which it was overexpressed but not in lines in which it was not amplified/overexpressed. Inhibition of &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt;, on the other hand, did not induce an apoptotic response in cell lines in which &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; was amplified and overexpressed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These results suggest that &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;PVT1&lt;/i&gt; contribute independently to ovarian and breast pathogenesis when overexpressed because of genomic abnormalities. They also suggest that &lt;i&gt;PVT1&lt;/i&gt;-mediated inhibition of apoptosis may explain why amplification of 8q24 is associated with reduced survival duration in patients treated with agents that act through apoptotic mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Liquid Crystals (2011)

Abstract Soft matter offers a unique property that combines high order with specific geometry and high dynamics that allows this geometry to adapt easily to rapid changes in physicochemical parameters. This property has been used in many systems for the formation of nanostructures when a soft matter such as liquid crystals acts as a mold that can be easily tuned and also removed once the material has been synthesized. In this review, we describe the general bases of the mechanisms that lead to nanostructured materials. Specific emphasis is given on the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method, where a liquid crystal is obtained upon drying of a complex solution during evaporation in a thin film. We also describe how surface micropatterning can be obtained by coupling solid‐state chemistry and soft matter and perspectives based on versatility of liquid crystals.
The Rates of Acid “Hydrolysis” of the Pentadentate Cobalt (III) Complexes of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic Acid (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rates of Acid "Hydrolysis" of the Pentadentate Cobalt (III) Complexes of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic AcidMelvin H. Morris and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 3, 340–345Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150573a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j150573a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of 2-(aryl or heteroaryl)quinolin-4-amines, a new class of anti-HIV-1 agents (1991)

Thirty-eight 2-(aryl or heteroaryl)quinolin-4-amines, N,N-disubstituted, N-monosubstituted, and without a substituent at the amino group have been synthesized with use of novel chemistries developed by us recently. Some of these derivatives show anti-HIV-1 activity at a concentration level of 1 microM and low cell toxicity in vitro. The most active and least toxic compounds are derivatives of 2-(3-pyridyl)quinoline. The results of the quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses, including several classical, linear regression correlations and a Free-Wilson approach of de novo model, provide guidelines for the design of new active compounds of this class.
Biological Performance of a Size-Fractionated Core-Shell Tantalum Oxide Nanoparticle X-Ray Contrast Agent (2012)

Size-fractionated core-shell tantalum oxide nanoparticles with a well-defined particle size distribution have several key features required of clinically viable vascular imaging compounds and may be used in developing multienergy CT imaging applications.
Technical validation of an RT-qPCR in vitro diagnostic test system for the determination of breast cancer molecular subtypes by quantification of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 mRNA levels from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tumor specimens (2016)

In this study the performance characteristics of MammaTyper were successfully validated. The various sources of analytical perturbations resulted in negligible variations in individual marker assessments. Therefore, MammaTyper may serve as a technical improvement to current standards for decentralized FFPE-based routine assessment of the commonly used breast cancer biomarkers and for molecular subtyping of breast cancer specimens.
Edatrexate in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Activity in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1993)

Overall, the activity of edatrexate in this study, dominated by patients with either visceral or vascular sarcoma, was poor. However, the responses observed in patients with metastatic MFH suggests that further evaluation of edatrexate in patients with soft tissue sarcoma is warranted.
Retinal and Lens Degeneration in New Zealand White Rabbits Administered Intravitreal TSG-6 Link Domain-Rabbit FAb Fusion Proteins (2020)

Fusion of biologic therapeutics to hyaluronic acid binding proteins, such as the link domain (LD) of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6), is expected to increase vitreous residence time following intravitreal injection and provide for long-acting delivery. The toxicity of a single intravitreal dose of free TSG-6-LD and fusion proteins of TSG-6-LD and a nonbinding rabbit antibody fragment (RabFab) were assessed in New Zealand White rabbits. Animals administered free TSG-6-LD exhibited extensive lens opacities and variable retinal vascular attenuation, correlated with microscopic findings of lens and retinal degeneration. Similar but less severe findings were present in animals dosed with the RabFab-TSG-6-LD fusion proteins. In-life ocular inflammation was noted in all animals from 7-days postdose and was associated with high anti-RabFab antibody titers in animals administered fusion proteins. Inflammation and retinal degeneration were multifocally associated with evidence of retinal detachment, and hypertrophy and migration of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and glutamine synthetase positive Müller cells to the outer nuclear layer. Further assessment of alternative hyaluronic acid binding protein fusions should consider the potential for retinal degeneration and enhanced immune responses early in development.
Feature-driven visual analytics of soccer data (2014)

Soccer is one the most popular sports today and also very interesting from an scientific point of view. We present a system for analyzing high-frequency position-based soccer data at various levels of detail, allowing to interactively explore and analyze for movement features and game events. Our Visual Analytics method covers single-player, multi-player and event-based analytical views. Depending on the task the most promising features are semi-automatically selected, processed, and visualized. Our aim is to help soccer analysts in finding the most important and interesting events in a match. We present a flexible, modular, and expandable layer-based system allowing in-depth analysis. The integration of Visual Analytics techniques into the analysis process enables the analyst to find interesting events based on classification and allows, by a set of custom views, to communicate the found results. The feedback loop in the Visual Analytics pipeline helps to further improve the classification results. We evaluate our approach by investigating real-world soccer matches and collecting additional expert feedback. Several use cases and findings illustrate the capabilities of our approach.
Particle‐size dependent bipolar charging of Martian regolith simulant (2009)

The intense dust devils and dust storms on Mars are believed to generate large electrostatic fields that significantly alter geophysical and geochemical processes on the planet. The existence of such fields must be related to a mechanism by which charged dust separates by polarity; it has been widely hypothesized that this separation originates from a particle‐size dependence of the charge polarity, but this effect has never been demonstrated. To address this issue, we carry out experiments on the triboelectric charging of Martian regolith simulant (JSC‐1 Mars), using a fluid flow apparatus wherein only particle‐particle interactions occur, as is the case in Martian dust events. Our experiments show direct evidence that smaller particles tend to charge negatively and larger particles tend to charge positively, which provides a mechanism for the charge separation that creates electric fields in Martian dust events.
Multi-interface Communication: Interface Selection Under Statistical Performance Constraints. (2018)

Recent advancements of multipath communications have made a new dimension of resource management accessible focusing on balanced and efficient utilization of available communication alternatives. Dynamic strategies in this context leverage the most up to date information on available interfaces to outperform comparable static versions. In this work, we propose an adaptive strategy that seeks to improve the worst-case performance of a multipath communication system by periodically looking at waiting time bounds of respective subsystems. We compare the performance of the proposed adaptive assignment with established round-robin and join-the-shortest-queue strategies numerically where we observe that our strategy tends to be superior in heterogeneous environments.
A Novel Compact Metamaterial Zeroth Order Resonant Bandpass Filter for a VHF Band and Its Stopband Improvement by Transmission Zeros (2013)

A novel compact and low-loss VHF bandpass filter is presented with enhanced stopband performance using metamaterial zeroth order resonator (ZOR) characteristics. An in-line ZOR filter is initially suggested and changed to have transmission zeros (TZs) due to source-load coupling for effective improvement of the isolation from UHF wireless channels. The proposed filter is smaller than 1/10 of the conventional filters in terms of size and has relatively very low insertion loss (< 1 dB for the electromagnetic (EM) simulation and < 3 dB for the measurement) and return loss (<-20 dB) in the passband due to the approximately 80% size reduction and the higher isolation in the stopband due to the TZs. The circuit and EM simulation are in good agreement with the measurements.
The conserved U.G pair in the 5' splice site duplex of a group I intron is required in the first but not the second step of self-splicing. (1989)

Group I self-splicing introns have a 5' splice site duplex (P1) that contains a single conserved base pair (U.G). The U is the last nucleotide of the 5' exon, and the G is part of the internal guide sequence within the intron. Using site-specific mutagenesis and analysis of the rate and accuracy of splicing of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron, we found that both the U and the G of the U.G pair are important for the first step of self-splicing (attack of GTP at the 5' splice site). Mutation of the U to a purine activated cryptic 5' splice sites in which a U.G pair was restored; this result emphasizes the preference for a U.G at the splice site. Nevertheless, some splicing persisted at the normal site after introduction of a purine, suggesting that position within the P1 helix is another determinant of 5' splice site choice. When the U was changed to a C, the accuracy of splicing was not affected, but the Km for GTP was increased by a factor of 15 and the catalytic rate constant was decreased by a factor of 7. Substitution of U.A, U.U, G.G, or A.G for the conserved U.G decreased the rate of splicing by an even greater amount. In contrast, mutation of the conserved G enhanced the second step of splicing, as evidenced by a trans-splicing assay. Furthermore, a free 5' exon ending in A or C instead of the conserved U underwent efficient ligation. Thus, unlike the remainder of the P1 helix, which functions in both the first and second steps of self-splicing, the conserved U.G appears to be important only for the first step.
Sodium sulfide selectively induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction and radiosensitizes glioblastoma (GBM) cells. (2019)

Glioblastoma (GBM) has a poor prognosis despite intensive treatment with surgery and chemoradiotherapy. Previous studies using dose-escalated radiotherapy have demonstrated improved survival; however, increased rates of radionecrosis have limited its use. Development of radiosensitizers could improve patient outcome. In the present study, we report the use of sodium sulfide (Na<sub>2</sub>S), a hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) donor, to selectively kill GBM cells (T98G and U87) while sparing normal human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). Na<sub>2</sub>S also decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased oxidative stress and induced γH2AX foci and oxidative base damage in GBM cells. Since Na<sub>2</sub>S did not significantly alter T98G capacity to perform non-homologous end-joining or base excision repair, it is possible that GBM cell killing could be attributed to increased damage induction due to enhanced reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, Na<sub>2</sub>S enhanced mitochondrial respiration, produced a more reducing environment and did not induce high levels of DNA damage in hCMEC/D3. Taken together, this data suggests involvement of mitochondrial respiration in Na<sub>2</sub>S toxicity in GBM cells. The fact that survival of LN-18 GBM cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (ρ<sup>0</sup>) was not altered by Na<sub>2</sub>S whereas the survival of LN-18 ρ<sup>+</sup> cells was compromised supports this conclusion. When cells were treated with Na<sub>2</sub>S and photon or proton radiation, GBM cell killing was enhanced, which opens the possibility of H<sub>2</sub>S being a radiosensitizer. Therefore, this study provides the first evidence that H<sub>2</sub>S donors could be used in GBM therapy to potentiate radiation-induced killing.
Transmission and reflection characteristics of in-plane hetero-photonic crystals (2004)

We report transmission and reflection characteristics of in-plane hetero-photonic crystals (IP-HPCs) consisting of two serially connected photonic crystal waveguides with differing lattice constants. We show experimentally and theoretically that the transmission spectrum of the structure corresponds to the transmission frequency range common to both waveguides. Also, there exists a frequency gap where the structure has a guiding mode for one waveguide but not for the neighboring one. Our calculated results reveal that light within the common frequency range is transmitted with approximately 100% efficiency through the waveguides while light within the gap is almost perfectly reflected.