gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The detection of problem analytes in a single proficiency test challenge in the absence of the Health Care Financing Administration rule violations. (1993)

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 (CLIA 88) has dramatically changed proficiency testing (PT) practices having mandated (1) satisfactory PT for certain analytes as a condition of laboratory operation, (2) fixed PT limits for many of these "regulated" analytes, and (3) an increased number of PT specimens (n = 5) for each testing cycle. For many of these analytes, the fixed limits are much broader than the previously employed Standard Deviation Index (SDI) criteria. Paradoxically, there may be less incentive to identify and evaluate analytically significant outliers to improve the analytical process. Previously described "control rules" to evaluate these PT results are unworkable as they consider only two or three results. We used Monte Carlo simulations of Kodak Ektachem analyzers participating in PT to determine optimal control rules for the identification of PT results that are inconsistent with those from other laboratories using the same methods. The analysis of three representative analytes, potassium, creatine kinase, and iron was simulated with varying intrainstrument and interinstrument standard deviations (si and sg, respectively) obtained from the College of American Pathologists (Northfield, Ill) Quality Assurance Services data and Proficiency Test data, respectively. Analytical errors were simulated in each of the analytes and evaluated in terms of multiples of the interlaboratory SDI. Simple control rules for detecting systematic and random error were evaluated with power function graphs, graphs of probability of error detected vs magnitude of error. Based on the simulation results, we recommend screening all analytes for the occurrence of two or more observations exceeding the same +/- 1 SDI limit. For any analyte satisfying this condition, the mean of the observations should be calculated. For analytes with sg/si ratios between 1.0 and 1.5, a significant systematic error is signaled by the mean exceeding 1.0 SDI. Significant random error is signaled by one observation exceeding the +/- 3-SDI limit or the range of the observations exceeding 4 SDIs. For analytes with higher sg/si, significant systematic or random error is signaled by violation of the screening rule (having at least two observations exceeding the same +/- 1 SDI limit). Random error can also be signaled by one observation exceeding the +/- 1.5-SDI limit or the range of the observations exceeding 3 SDIs. We present a practical approach to the workup of apparent PT errors.
IR-Drop Analysis of Hybrid Bonded 3D-ICs with Backside Power Delivery and μ- & n- TSVs (2021)

We present an IR-drop analysis of hybrid bonded 3D-ICs Power Delivery Network with backside metals and buried power rail. Two different options for the backside to frontside connectivity are included: μTSVs and nTSVs (respectively 0.5μm, 0.09μm diameter and 1Ω, 10Ω nominal resistance). Further, Hybrid Bonding CuPads are used to deliver power to the second die in the stack. A commercial power analysis tool is extended to support both the TSV and the pads structures, to tackle both inter-die and on-die power delivery challenges. A L1 cache memory implemented on the top of a core is used as test case to assess the performance of the proposed metal stack. A 69% reduction in average static IR-drop is observed with the BS-PDN compared to the conventional frontside. Further, 81% and 77% average and peak IR-drop reductions are obtained with nTSV compared to μTSV.
Supplemental Figure 1 from IL10 Release upon PD-1 Blockade Sustains Immunosuppression in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Expression of PD-1 on BMDCs and T cells after exposure to IL-6 and IL-10&lt;/p&gt;
Prostate cancer localization by novel magnetic resonance dispersion imaging (2013)

Diagnosis and focal treatment of prostate cancer, the most prevalent form of cancer in men, is hampered by the limits of current clinical imaging. Angiogenesis imaging is a promising option for detection and localization of prostate cancer. It can be imaged by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, assessing microvascular permeability as an indicator for angiogenesis. However, information on microvascular architecture changes associated with angiogenesis is not available. This paper presents a new model enabling the combined assessment of microvascular permeability and architecture. After the intravenous injection of a gadolinium-chelate bolus, time-concentration curves (TCCs) are measured by DCE-MRI at each voxel. According to the convective dispersion equation, the microvascular architecture is reflected in the dispersion coefficient. A solution of this equation is therefore proposed to represent the intravascular blood plasma compartment in the Tofts model. Fitting the resulting model to TCCs measured at each voxel leads to the simultaneous generation of a dispersion and a permeability map. Measurement of an arterial input function is no longer required. Preliminary validation was performed by spatial comparison with the histological results in seven patients referred for radical prostatectomy. Cancer localization by the obtained dispersion maps provided an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve equal to 0.91. None of the standard DCE-MRI parametric maps could outperform this result, motivating towards an extended validation of the method, also aimed at investigating other forms of cancer with pronounced angiogenic development.
Urothelial cell carcinoma presenting with rapid visual deterioration, a case of rare brain metastases with unique clinical presentation (2021)

While this is the first such case presented, it is possible that UCC of the uterine wall represents a particularly aggressive form of the disease more prone to presenting with CNS metastases and PON.
Intramyocardial cell-based therapy with Lomecel-B during bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the ELPIS phase I trial (2023)

Intramyocardially delivered Lomecel-B appears safe in HLHS patients and may favourably affect RV performance. Circulating exosomes of transplanted MSC-specific provide novel insight into bioactivity. Conduct of a controlled phase trial is warranted and is underway.Trial registration number NCT03525418.
Synthesis of high-linearity array structures (2007)

The problem of synthesis of array structures capable of providing a highly linear voltage response has been studied in detail. Two possible approaches have been suggested. The first one supposes synthesis of the series array by means of interferometer cells with sinusoidal responses. The second approach supposes synthesis of highly linear differential array structures by means of interferometer cells with |sin(x)|-like voltage responses at bias current Ib = Ic. When the interferometer cells are replaced by parallel arrays, a high-performance parallel–series differential structure is formed. The traveling wave amplifier design is suggested to avoid limitations resulting from the distributed nature of long series arrays.
Immunodominance Among EBV-Derived Epitopes Restricted by HLA-B27 Does Not Correlate with Epitope Abundance in EBV-Transformed B-Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (2000)

Using synthetic peptides, the HLA-B27-restricted CTL response to EBV in asymptomatic virus carriers has been mapped to four epitope regions in EBV latent cycle Ags. One of these peptide-defined epitopes (RRIYDLIEL) tends to be immunodominant and is recognized in the context of all three B27 subtypes studied, B*2702, B*2704, and B*2705. The other peptide-defined epitopes induce responses only in the context of one subtype, the immunogenic combinations being RRARSLSAERY/B*2702, RRRWRRLTV/B*2704, and FRKAQIQGL/B*2705. We used immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate the naturally presented viral peptides associated with these MHC class I molecules on the surface of EBV-transformed B-LCL. Using CTL reconstitution assays in conjunction with mass spectrometry, we established that the naturally processed and presented peptides are identical with the previously identified synthetic sequences. Despite the subtype-specific immunogenicity of three of the four epitopes, all four epitope peptides were found in association with each of the three different HLA-B27 subtypes. Indeed, those peptides that failed to induce a response in the context of a particular HLA-B27 subtype were frequently presented at greater abundance by that subtype than were the immunogenic peptides. Furthermore, among the peptides that did induce a response, immunodominance did not correlate with epitope abundance; in fact the immunodominant RRIYDLIEL epitope was least abundant, being present at less than one copy per cell. The relationship of this unexpected finding to the persistence of EBV is discussed.
Experimental Thermochemistry of the SiCl and SiBr Radicals; Enthalpies of Formation of Species in the Si−Cl and Si−Br Systems (2003)

Gaseous reaction equilibria involving the radical species SiCl and SiBr were studied by mass spectrometric monitoring of the molecular beam issuing from a heated effusion cell source, and the results were used to derive the enthalpies of formation = 36.8 kcal mol-1 and = 48.7 kcal mol-1, along with the dissociation energies = 98.9 kcal mol-1 and = 84.7 kcal mol-1, all ±2 kcal mol-1. Thermochemical data were also obtained for the species SiCl2 and SiBr2, confirming earlier data in the literature. Nonobservance of the species SiCl3 and SiBr3 was used to set lower limits of −84 and −40 kcal mol-1 to the enthalpies of formation of the gaseous trichloride and tribromide, respectively. The results are compared with experimental and theoretical values in the literature, clarifying previous discrepancies regarding the species SiCl3 and SiBr3. From a full evaluation of the literature and this work, a recommended set of enthalpies of formation of the gaseous silicon mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrahalide species is given.
Demonstration of Blind Quantum Computing (2012)

Quantum computers, besides offering substantial computational speedups, are also expected to preserve the privacy of a computation. We present an experimental demonstration of blind quantum computing in which the input, computation, and output all remain unknown to the computer. We exploit the conceptual framework of measurement-based quantum computation that enables a client to delegate a computation to a quantum server. Various blind delegated computations, including one- and two-qubit gates and the Deutsch and Grover quantum algorithms, are demonstrated. The client only needs to be able to prepare and transmit individual photonic qubits. Our demonstration is crucial for unconditionally secure quantum cloud computing and might become a key ingredient for real-life applications, especially when considering the challenges of making powerful quantum computers widely available.
Interference mitigation with joint beamforming and common message decoding in multicell systems (2010)

Conventional multicell wireless systems operate with out-of-cell interference treated as noise - interference detection is infeasible as intercell interference is typically weak. This paper considers the benefit of designing decodable interference signals by allowing common-private message splitting at the transmitter and common message decoding by users in adjacent cells. In particular, we consider a downlink scenario, where base-stations are equipped with multiple transmit antennas, the remote users are equipped with a single antenna, and multiple remote users are active simultaneously via spatial division multiplexing. We solve a network optimization problem of jointly determining the appropriate users in adjacent cells for rate splitting, the optimal beamforming vectors for both common and private messages, and the optimal common-private rates to minimize the total transmit power across the base-stations subject to service rate requirements for remote users. We observe that for fixed user selection and fixed common-private rate splitting, the optimization of beamforming vectors can be performed using a semidefinite programming approach. Further, this paper proposes a heuristic user-selection and rate splitting strategy to maximize the benefit of common message decoding. Simulation results show that common message decoding can significantly improve both the total transmit power and the feasibility region for cell-edge users.
Reactions of NHC‐Boranes with Dibenzoyl Peroxide and Benzoic Acid (2020)

Abstract NHC‐boranes (NHC−BH 3 ) react slowly under thermal conditions with dibenzoyl peroxide to make mixtures of NHC‐boryl mono‐ and dibenzoates [NHC−BH 2 OBz and NHC−BH(OBz) 2 ]. Reactions are much faster under radical conditions with AIBN of TBHN as initiators. The TBHN method is especially good to make the dibenzoate. These observations led directly to the discovery that NHC‐boranes also react with benzoic acid and related carboxylic acids under radical (but not thermal) conditions. Chain mechanisms for reactions with both reagents are suggested in which the key step is addition of an NHC‐boryl radical to the carbonyl oxygen of either the peroxide or the acid. magnified image
Liquid metal level measurement systems for reactor service (1978)

Postoperative AF is common after surgical correction of MR in patients with no prior history of AF and is associated with increased subsequent morbidity. LA enlargement is independently predictive of postoperative AF and as such, should be integrated into the clinical decision-making process in patients with MR.
Cytology Proficiency Testing and Quality Control Using Fluid-Based Collection Techniques (1994)

Journal Article Cytology Proficiency Testing and Quality Control Using Fluid-Based Collection Techniques Get access Stanley N. Lapidus Stanley N. Lapidus Cytyc Corp, Marlborough, Mass. Reprint requests to Mr Lapidus, Cytyc Corp, 237 Cedar Hill St, Marlborough, MA 01752. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 25, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Pages 270–271, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/25.4.270 Published: 01 April 1994
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Hydrolyzable Emetine Analogues as Treatment for Prostate Cancer (2012)

The N-2′ position of the natural product emetine has been derivatized to thiourea, urea, sulfonamide, dithiocarbamate, carbamate, and pH responsive hydrolyzable amide analogues. In vitro studies of these analogues in PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines showed that the analogues are generally less cytotoxic (average IC50 ranging from 0.079 to 10 μM) than emetine (IC50 ranging from 0.0237 to 0.0329 μM). The pH sensitive sodium dithiocarbamate salt 13 and the amide analogues 21, 22, 26 (obtained from maleic and citraconic anhydrides) showed the most promise as acid-activatable prodrugs under mildly acidic conditions found in the cancer microenvironment. These prodrugs released 12–83% of emetine at pH 6.5 and 41–95% emetine at pH 5.5. Compounds 13 and 26 were further shown to exhibit increased cytotoxicity in PC3 cell culture medium that was already below pH 7.0 at the time of treatment.
Assembly of high-Areal-Density Deuterium-Tritium fuel from indirectly driven cryogenic implosions (2024)

The National Ignition Facility has been used to compress deuterium-tritium to an average areal density of ∼1.0±0.1gcm -2, which is 67% of the ignition requirement. These conditions were obtained using 192 laser beams with total energy of 1-1.6 MJ and peak power up to 420 TW to create a hohlraum drive with a shaped power profile, peaking at a soft x-ray radiation temperature of 275-300 eV. This pulse delivered a series of shocks that compressed a capsule containing cryogenic deuterium-tritium to a radius of 25-35μm. Neutron images of the implosion were used to estimate a fuel density of 500-800gcm -3.
Collaboration environment for ITIL (2009)

This paper describes a knowledge-based collaboration environment for ITIL which is aimed at making work of IT consultants dealing with planning, designing and implementing ITIL processes easier. The collaboration environment organizes work of consultants around built-in ITIL concepts and allows them to map and refine concepts for a particular customer engagement. The collaboration environment is designed as a so- called domain wiki that has, in contrast to other wikis, a pre-populated knowledge base built-in, which actively guides further information gathering and refinement as collaborative processes by consultants. In this paper we present the design of a domain wiki for ITIL. Common ITIL knowledge is modeled from a subset of the ITIL publications and represented as an RDF knowledge base. Inferences on this knowledge base allow users to determine the aspects that need to be refined by consultants for particular engagements. Provided facts are then added to the knowledge base. In ongoing research we investigate how such a knowledge base can be established for the domain of ITIL. One approach we take is a manual knowledge engineering effort; another investigation is how text analysis techniques can be used to automatically learn facts from ITIL publications.
The effect of hexamethonium on the distension‐induced contractile activity of the rat bladder: Evidence for the existence of a spinal ‘short‐loop’ vesicovestioal reflex in rats (1986)

Abstract Saline distension of the bladder in urethane‐anaesthetized rats elicited three types of phasic contractions: (a) a low amplitude (&lt;4 mmHg) asynchronous contractile activity which is hexamethonium‐resistant; (b) an intermediate amplitude (8–16 mmHg) rhythmic contractile activity that was still present in spinal (C2‐C3) rats and was eliminated by hexamethonium; and (c) a high amplitude (&gt;20 mmHg) rhythmic contractile activity that was eliminated by spinal cord transection or hexamethonium. All types of hexamethonium‐sensitive rhythmic contractile activity having an amplitude higher than 4–6 mmHg were prevented by destruction of the lumbosacral spinal cord. It is concluded that in adult rats two distinct types of vesicovesical reflex activity organized at spinal and supraspinal level, respectively, could be elicited by distension at a physiological‐like filling rate.
Complexometric Determination of Metal Ions by Microscopic Diffusional Titration (1996)

Acid/base titrations of pico- and femtoliter microsamples have been performed previously using a diffusional microburet (DMB) for reagent delivery in a simple droplet-heptane system (Gratzl, M.; Yi, C. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 2085-2088). The lowest delivery rate achieved with a DMB was about 6 fmol/s, which would correspond to about a 1 microL/year volumetric flow rate with a hypothetical equivalent mechanical delivery scheme (Yi, C.; Gratzl, M. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1976-1982). In this work, the feasibility of complexometric titrations in microscopic samples is explored. Stability of pH in the microdroplets required for different determinations and the effects of DMB shank geometry on titration characteristics are also studied. Diffusional microtitrations of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) have been performed with EDTA. Xylenol orange and Eriochrome Black T provide clear color changes at the end point of the respective titrations, despite the microscopic size of the samples (between 16 and 1570 pL, corresponding to diameters between 30 and 144 microns). Random errors of the determinations relative to full scale were 6.6% for Fe(III), 5.8% for Cu(II), and 7.9% for Zn(II). The pH required for EDTA titrations of the individual metal ions stays stable in the acidic range. This makes the microscopic titration of a number of metal ions, such as Fe(III), Fe(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II), feasible in a simple droplet-heptane system without any modification. With a higher density of strongly alkaline buffer droplets (about 100 droplets/mm2) sprayed on the bottom of the Petri dish, or by flushing N2 above the heptane, the microscopic samples can also be kept alkaline despite ambient CO2 present. In this way, Zn(II) can also be titrated in microdroplets, requiring a pH around 10. This work renders it possible to perform a variety of complexometric titrations and other chemical manipulations in microdroplets even if they need to be kept alkaline. Similar titrations in single biological cells to assess intracellular buffer capacities of different metal ions, such as Ca(II) and Mg(II), are underway.
Lead Time and Prognostic Role of Serum CEA, CA19-9, IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40 after Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer (2021)

In colorectal cancer (CRC), 20-50% of patients relapse after curative-intent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. We investigated the lead times and prognostic value of post-adjuvant (8 months from randomisation to adjuvant treatment) serum CEA, CA19-9, IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40. We included 147 radically resected stage II-IV CRC treated with 24 weeks of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in the phase III LIPSYT-study (ISRCTN98405441). All 147 were included in lead time analysis, but 12 relapsing during adjuvant therapy were excluded from post-adjuvant analysis. Elevated post-adjuvant CEA, IL-6, and CRP were associated with impaired disease-free survival (DFS) with hazard ratio (HR) 5.21 (95% confidence interval 2.32-11.69); 3.72 (1.99-6.95); 2.58 (1.18-5.61), respectively, and elevated IL-6 and CRP with impaired overall survival (OS) HR 3.06 (1.64-5.73); 3.41 (1.55-7.49), respectively. Elevated post-adjuvant IL-6 in CEA-normal patients identified a subgroup with impaired DFS. HR 3.12 (1.38-7.04) and OS, HR 3.20 (1.39-7.37). The lead times between the elevated biomarker and radiological relapse were 7.8 months for CEA and 10.0-53.1 months for CA19-9, IL-6, CRP, and YKL-40, and the lead time for the five combined was 27.3 months. Elevated post-adjuvant CEA, IL-6, and CRP were associated with impaired DFS. The lead time was shortest for CEA.
Shape-Persistent Macromolecular Disks from Reactive Supramolecular Rod Bundles (2004)

We have synthesized a coil-rod-coil molecule based on a reactive rod block that self-organizes into a 3-D hexagonal close-packed (hcp) bundle structure in the melt state. Photo-cross-linking within an aromatic bundle yielded macromolecular disklike objects (molecular weight of 330 kDa) with a narrow size distribution that was essentially the same as that of the supramolecular bundles. In addition, cross-linking proceeded with the retention of the 3-D hcp symmetry of the supramolecular bundles. The 3-D symmetry of the macromolecular objects was observed to recover after their isolation from the solutions and transform into an isotropic liquid in the bulk state in a reversible way, suggesting that the macromolecular objects are shape-persistent in solutions as well as an isotropic liquid phase of the bulk.
Preparation of cBN-diamond sintered compact by reaction sintering. (1989)

Composit sintered compacts of the cBN-diamond system were prepared at 7 GPa and 1700°C for 30 min by reaction sintering of the starting powder composed of hBN and diamond. A high conversion yield from hBN to cBN was attained by adding 1 wt% NH4NO3 as a catalyst. An induced transformation from hBN to cBN occurred on the surface of the added diamond seed crystals. The sintered compact prepared from the starting powder having the composition of 70 wt% hBN - 30 wt% diamond, showed a relative density of 99% and an average Vic-kers microhardness of 5100 kg/mm2, which suggested the formation of direct bonding between the transformed cBN grains.