gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Approach to 1,1-Diarylethylenes: Aluminum(III) Chloride Catalysed Reaction of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane with Aromatic Compounds (1991)

1,1,1-Trichloroethane, under Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions, reacts efficiently with aromatic compounds (1) to afford 1,1-diarylethylenes 2 in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereoselective Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S)‐2‐Amino‐1‐cyclohexyl‐6‐ methylheptane‐3,4‐diol, the Abbott Aminodiol. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two-Dimensional Spin Density Wave State in LaFeAsO (2009)

The parent compound of the Fe oxypnictide superconductor, LaFeAsO, has been studied by pulsed neutron powder inelastic scattering measurement. The inelastic scattering intensity along the Q -axis at T =140 K exhibits a prominent asymmetric peak ascribed to the (π,π, l ) magnetic rod, suggesting the two-dimensionality of the spin density wave above the magnetic transition temperature. It persists even in the tetragonal phase up to room temperature, which is well above the magnetic transition temperature, corresponding to two antiferromagnetic sublattices or domains with a strong effective antiferromagnetic interaction J 2 between next-nearest-neighbour Fe magnetic moments in a single Fe square lattice.
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridines as Intermediates in Diversity‐Oriented Syntheses of Alkaloids. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spontaneous mutations affecting the host range of the B77 strain of avian sarcoma virus involve type-specific changes in the virion envelope antigen (1977)

Previously it was shown that the host-range gene of the Bratislava strain of avain sarcoma virus (B77 virus) spontaneously mutates with a very high rate. The wild-type B77 virus called B77 virus-II, mutates either to virus that efficiently infects duck cells (B77 virus-III) or to virus that does not mutate to the ability to infect duck cells (B77 virus-I) (Zarling and Temin, 1976). No significant differences in either the virion envelope glycoproteins or other major virion proteins were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, pseudotypes of B77 virus-I with proteins of a transformation-defective mutant of B77 virus-III formed foci efficiently in duck cells. An alteration in the envelope protein of B77 virus-I was demonstrated by experiments in which B77 firus-I was fused into duck cells with UV-irradiated Sendai virus and formed foci. Neutralization experiments further demonstrated that B77 virus host-range mutants have altered type-specific envelope antigens. Thus, the spontaneous mutations in the host-range gene of B77 virus involve changes in the type-specific virion envelope antigen.
Beneficial effects of dietary papain supplementation in juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus): Growth, intestinal topography, digestive enzymes, antioxidant response, immune response, and response to a challenge test (2021)

Juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) were fed commercial feed (group C) and experimental feed supplemented with papain in doses of 10 g kg−1 feed (P1) and 20 g kg−1 feed (P2) for eight weeks. Growth, digestive enzyme activity, immunity parameters, pathological changes of the liver and intestine, proximate body composition, and oxidative response were assayed. A challenge test with Yersinia ruckeri was also performed. The final body weights of groups P1 (107.07 ± 7.66 g) and P2 (111.98 ± 1.93 g) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to the control group (99.73 ± 2.71 g). The height of the intestinal enterocytes was the greatest in group P2, and the highest supranuclear surface of the intestinal enterocytes was noted in groups P1 and P2. The activities of α-amylase, trypsin, lipase, and leucine aminopeptidase were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the posterior intestine of the fish from group P2 than in the other dietary treatment groups. Ceruloplasmin, total immunoglobulin (Ig), the metabolic activity of splenic macrophages (PMA), and the potential killing activity of splenic phagocytes (PKA) were significantly higher in groups P1 and P2 compared with the control group. The proliferative activities of spleen T and B-lymphocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group P2 in comparison to the control group and group P1. Total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly increased in groups P1 and P2 compared with the control group. The glutathione reductase (GLURED) activities decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of papain supplementation. Furthermore, during the challenge test, fish survival was significantly higher in groups fed feed supplemented with papain. Finally, the current study indicated that supplementing feed with doses of 10 g and/or 20 g papain kg−1 for a period of 56-days improved growth efficiency and feed utilization and also stimulated immunity in aquaculture conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(3‐Alkoxy)‐ and 3‐(3‐Aryloxy)‐(Z)‐(1RS)‐trans‐3‐(2‐ chloro‐3,3‐difluoroprop‐1‐enyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acids. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using Golay Sequences to Improve the Range Performance of Hybrid Codes for MIMO Radar (2018)

In this paper, waveforms for MIMO phased array radar to enhance cross-range resolution are investigated. The problem of high sidelobes in range created by the use of Hybrid Codes with a single waveform and spatial coding is considered and a method to reduce these sidelobes by the use of Golay sequences as spatial codes is proposed. It is shown that the proposed method achieves the same range performance as a phased array radar with one waveform, despite creating additional sidelobes in Doppler.
Rheological and Swelling Behavior of pH Sensitive Hydrogel Particles (2014)

pH sensitive hydrogel particles were characterized for their rheological and swelling behaviour at various pH values specific to the gastrointestinal tract simulated conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to view the surface morphology of the hydrogels at different pHs. Swelling at pH 7.4 and shrinkage at pH 1.2 confirmed the pH sensitive behaviour of the hydrogel particles. The Linear Viscoelastic (LVE) range was determined by considering G’, one of the strain amplitude. Furthermore frequency sweep tests were performed in the LVE range where the storage modulus and loss modulus were determined at constant strain. It was observed that the loss modulus was higher at basic pH while the storage modulus was higher at lower pH. This rheological method can be used to explain the pH sensitive behaviour of hydrogels.
Mismatch Characterization of Ring Oscillators (2007)

We investigate the frequency matching of ring oscillators to study the matching of the non-static operation of identical high speed analog, digital and RF circuits. The oscillator test structures on a 0.25 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS technology operate in the 500MHz to 3GHz range. The non-static matching experimental results are compared to predictions based on DC matching parameters. Stage averaging versus device size averaging for constant frequency designs is investigated. Global variations and the long distance matching are also examined and compared.
LiFi for Industrial Wireless Applications (2020)

We propose a new system concept for LiFi in industrial wireless applications. A distributed multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) architecture is used, enabling seamless mobility, reliable low-latency communications, and integration with positioning and 5G.
Results of a randomized, double-blind phase II clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in participants with high-risk resected melanoma (2020)

The vaccine was well tolerated, however, despite inducing antigen-specific immunity, it did not affect survival endpoints. Immune escape through the downregulation of NY-ESO-1 and/or HLA class I molecules on tumor may have contributed to relapse.
Modulation to favorable surface adsorption energy for oxygen evolution reaction intermediates over carbon-tunable alloys towards sustainable hydrogen production (2022)

Abstract Because of the value of hydrogen as the future energy in no distant time, demand for efficient and scalable hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting process has recently attracted considerable attention from industrial and scientific communities. Yet, several challenges associated with production remain to be addressed. One of the overriding challenges is the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which can have significant impact on the H 2 production due to overpotential. To overcome this limitation, developing low-cost, robust and stable electrocatalysts very close to the same electrode activity as seen for iridium metal is crucial to solving the efficiency issue in the process. Therefore, timely review of progress in the field is vital to identify the electrocatalytic systems with the highest potential and, more importantly, to understand the factors which have positive contribution towards the electrocatalysts performance. We reviewed the progress made in the direction of designing binary and ternary alloys of transition metal-based electrocatalysts tuned with carbon materials. The review focuses more on the modulation of structural design and electronic conductivity that have been carried out by manipulating chemical compositions to moderate the surface adsorption free energies of the reaction intermediates, targeted to reduce overpotential. The strategic routes are discussed thoroughly with respect to the OER mechanisms and their derived-descriptors. However, numerous opportunities still remain open for exploration, particularly on the key challenge to obtain a route to unify electronic structure-activity and activity-multi-descriptor relationships for rational design of efficient electrocatalysts.
Discordance between surface and cytoplasmic expression of the Leu-4 (T3) antigen in thymocytes and in blast cells from childhood T lymphoblastic malignancies. (1985)

We have examined the expression of the Leu-4 (T3) antigen on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of blast cells from 23 patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In the majority of cases (17), the Leu-4 antigen was absent from the cell surface; however, in 16 of these 17 cases, blast cells demonstrated cytoplasmic expression of Leu-4. This discordance between surface and cytoplasmic expression of Leu-4 was also found in thymocytes and appeared to be restricted to Leu-4, in that tests of other T cell antigens rarely revealed discordance between surface and cytoplasmic expression. To study further the cytoplasmic determinant identified by anti-Leu-4 in malignant T lymphoblasts, immunoprecipitation studies were performed that utilized biosynthetic labeling of established T cell lines derived from T lymphoblastic malignancies. By one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, identical Leu-4 polypeptide families were immunoprecipitated from surface Leu-4+ and surface Leu-4-/cytoplasmic Leu-4+ cell lines. Because T lymphoblastic malignancies represent proliferations of immature T cells, and because the cases studied demonstrated surface phenotypes corresponding to all of the proposed stages of T cell ontogeny, it appears that cytoplasmic expression of Leu-4 occurs early in T cell development. The reason for the failure of these immature T cells to transport the Leu-4 molecule to their surface remains to be elucidated.
Contemporary Concepts in Spine Care Open Discectomy as Treatment for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus of the Lumbar Spine (1995)

Open discectomy is the "gold standard" for operative intervention in patients with herniated lumbar discs whose conservative treatment has failed. Over 60 years the indications for surgery and the expected success rates have been clearly elucidated. The specific patient selection and determination of surgical procedures continues to evolve. Recurrent herniations occur at a low rate, and serious complications are rare.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxazocenones via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed 8‐endo‐Dig Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynamides. (2015)

Abstract The method is applicable to chiral, highly complex compounds of type (VII) and the thus obtained oxazocenone (VIII) serves as the substrate for the preparation of the quinoline derivative (IX).
Improved synthesis of oligomeric phthalonitriles and studies designed for low temperature cure (2014)

ABSTRACT An improved synthetic method has been developed for oligomeric aromatic ether ketone‐based phthalonitrile (PN) resins. A new curing additive was studied that lowers the cure temperature of the PN resin to around 150 °C and compared to the traditional high‐temperature aromatic diamine. Mechanical and thermo‐oxidative analyses of polymeric samples from both systems were determined and compared under various curing conditions. The PN polymer exhibited low water absorption regardless of the chosen cure system. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 1662–1668
Enhanced InAs nanopillar electrical transport by in-situ passivation (2013)

We investigate the effects of in-situ passivation on the electrical transport of InAs nanopillars (NPs) grown on InAs (111)B substrates via selective-area epitaxy. Before passivation, the transport properties of InAs NPs, studied by single-NP field-effect transistors, are highly dependent on NP dimensions. With diameters ranging from 70 nm to 200 nm, we find significant differences in resistivity and extracted field-effect mobility (μeff). Growing a 6 nm InP shell for in-situ passivation significantly enhances these transport properties of InAs channel with diameter-independent μeff as high as 6900 cm2/V s. Such heterostructures have the potential as future high electron mobility transistors.
On-chip single-pump interferometric Josephson isolator for quantum measurements (2020)

Nonreciprocal microwave devices, such as circulators and isolators, are critical in high-fidelity qubit readout schemes. They unidirectionally route the readout signals and protect the qubits against noise coming from the output chain. However, cryogenic circulators and isolators are prohibitive in scalable superconducting architectures because they rely on magneto-optical effects. Here, we realize an on-chip, single-microwave-pump Josephson ISolator (JIS), formed by coupling two nondegenerate Josephson mixers in an interferometric scheme. We unravel the interplay between the orientation parity of the magnetic fluxes, biasing the mixers, and the JIS directionality. Furthermore, we build a motherboard, which integrates the JIS and other superconducting components, including a Josephson directional amplifier, into a printed circuit and use it to read out a qubit with 92% fidelity, while maintaining 75% of its T2E. Improved versions of this motherboard could replace magnetic circulators and isolators in large superconducting quantum processors.
Hyperuniform disordered polarisers for the mid-infrared (2019)

&lt;p&gt;We report on the design, fabrication and characterisation of silicon-on-insulator hyperuniform disordered polarisers at mid-infrared wavelengths. Small device footprint and large operational bandwidth revealed great potential of hyperuniform disordered platform for integrated photonics.&lt;/p&gt;
Multisensor Arrays for Greater Reliability and Accuracy (2004)

Arrays of multiple, nominally identical sensors with sensor-output-processing electronic hardware and software are being developed in order to obtain accuracy, reliability, and lifetime greater than those of single sensors. The conceptual basis of this development lies in the statistical behavior of multiple sensors and a multisensor-array (MSA) algorithm that exploits that behavior. In addition, advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated circuits are exploited. A typical sensor unit according to this concept includes multiple MEMS sensors and sensor-readout circuitry fabricated together on a single chip and packaged compactly with a microprocessor that performs several functions, including execution of the MSA algorithm. In the MSA algorithm, the readings from all the sensors in an array at a given instant of time are compared and the reliability of each sensor is quantified. This comparison of readings and quantification of reliabilities involves the calculation of the ratio between every sensor reading and every other sensor reading, plus calculation of the sum of all such ratios. Then one output reading for the given instant of time is computed as a weighted average of the readings of all the sensors. In this computation, the weight for each sensor is the aforementioned value used to quantify its reliability. In an optional variant of the MSA algorithm that can be implemented easily, a running sum of the reliability value for each sensor at previous time steps as well as at the present time step is used as the weight of the sensor in calculating the weighted average at the present time step. In this variant, the weight of a sensor that continually fails gradually decreases, so that eventually, its influence over the output reading becomes minimal: In effect, the sensor system "learns" which sensors to trust and which not to trust. The MSA algorithm incorporates a criterion for deciding whether there remain enough sensor readings that approximate each other sufficiently closely to constitute a majority for the purpose of quantifying reliability. This criterion is, simply, that if there do not exist at least three sensors having weights greater than a prescribed minimum acceptable value, then the array as a whole is deemed to have failed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Preparation of β,β′‐Connected Porphyrin Dimers. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural Implication of Oxoammonium Cations for Reversible Organic One-electron Redox Reaction to Nitroxide Radicals (2007)

Abstract Structures and electrochemical behaviors of nitroxide radicals reveal that their rapid and reversible redox reactions are based not only on their chemical stability but also on the increased sp2 character of nitrogens which is intermediate between the purely sp2 and sp3 nitrogens in oxoammonium cations and amines, respectively.
Les Techniques d'intégration longue en traitement des données radar (2001)

Nous traitons du probleme de l'integration longue pour la detection de cible mobile dans le contexte applicatif radar, a partir de donnees non-coherentes et coherentes en Doppler. Nous presentons les resultats de plusieurs techniques d'integration longue qui sont considerees comme des extensions de filtre adapte classique. Nous etendons egalement la transformee de Radon au cas Doppler. Nous avons mis en oeuvre et teste, en terme de performance, differentes classes d'algorithme d'integration longue. Pour chaque methode, nous donnons les avantages et les inconvenients de leur emploi dans le cadre applicatif radar.
Induced Microgyria and Auditory Temporal Processing in Rats: A Model for Language Impairment? (1994)

Studies have shown the existence of minor developmental cortical malformations, including microgyria, in the brains of dyslexics. Concomitant studies have shown that language-impaired individuals exhibit severe deficits in the discrimination of rapidly presented auditory stimuli, including phonological and nonverbal stimuli (i.e., sequential tones). In an effort to relate these results, male rats with neonatally induced microgyria were tested in an operant paradigm for auditory discrimination of stimuli consisting of two sequential tones. Subjects were shaped to perform a go/no-go target identification, using water reinforcement. Stimuli were reduced in duration from 540 to 249 msec across 24 d of testing. Results showed that all subjects were able to discriminate at longer stimulus durations. However, bilaterally lesioned subjects showed specific impairment at stimulus durations of 332 msec or less, and were significantly depressed in comparison to shams. Right- and left-lesioned subjects were significantly depressed in comparison to shams at the shortest duration (249 msec). These results suggest a possible link between the neuropathologic anomalies and the auditory temporal processing deficits reported for language-impaired individuals.
Immobilization of Galactose Ligands on Acrylic Acid Graft-Copolymerized Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film and Its Application to Hepatocyte Culture (2002)

Surface modification of argon-plasma-pretreated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films via UV-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc) was carried out. Galactosylated surfaces were then obtained by coupling a galactose derivative (1-O-(6'-aminohexyl)-D-galactopyranoside) to the AAc graft chains with the aid of a water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS). The modified PET films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact-angle measurements. The galactosylated PET films were used as substrates for hepatocyte culture. The effects of surface carboxyl group concentration on the extent of galactose ligand immobilization, the extent of hepatocyte attachment, and the surface morphology were investigated. The amount of the galactose ligands immobilized on the PET surface increased with the AAc polymer graft concentration. AFM images revealed that the surface roughness of the PET film increased after graft copolymerization with AAc, but did not change appreciably with the subsequent immobilization of the galactose ligands. At the surface carboxyl group concentration of about 0.56 micromol/cm(2) or galactose ligand concentration of about 0.51 micromol/cm(2), the hepatocyte culture on the galactosylated surface exhibited the optimum concentration and physiological functions and formed aggregates or spheroids after just 1 day of culture. The albumin and urea synthesis functions of these hepatocytes were comparable to or higher than those of the hepatocytes cultured on the collagen-modified PET substrates.