gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late Infection of Spinal Instrumentation by Hematogenous Seeding (1993)

Six cases of late spinal infection following instrumentation are described. In all cases, there was a delay of at least 10 months between surgery and the clinical development of sepsis. In 5 of the 6 cases, a distant focus of infection could be identified. Two patients had active intravenous drug usage, two patients were paraplegic with neurogenic bladders, and one patient had an episode of pyelonephritis secondary to renal calculi two months prior to presentation. In no instance was there any preceding breakdown of overlying skin. This previously unreported phenomenon is an extremely rare but major complication of spinal surgery.
Encapsulation of fibrinogen and thrombin with calcium carbonate for hemorrhage control (2023)

Hemorrhage remains the major cause of death in combat and civilian trauma, although significant advances in hemostatic agents and blood products have enhanced damage control resuscitation and reduced mortality. Currently, few hemostats are available for cessation of non-compressible torso hemorrhage, e.g., intra-abdominal hemorrhage. To address this hard-to-solve problem, self-propelling hemostatic particles composed of coagulation factors e.g., fibrinogen, thrombin, CaCO3 and protonated tranexamic acid (TXA+) that can move against blood flow and promote clot formation have been developed. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of CaCO3-encapsulated fibrinogen/thrombin particles. The particles were prepared by interfacial reaction method using water-oil-water emulsion under different conditions that varied in the concentrations of the coagulation factor and ammonium carbonate solutions, amounts of surfactants, mixing speed, volume ratio between water and oil phases. The resulting CaCO3 encapsulated fibrinogen/thrombin particles were characterized via light microscopy for morphology, gel electrophoresis for presence of fibrinogen and thrombin, rotational thromboelastometry for hemostatic effects and reaction with TXA+ for self-propulsion test. It was found that CaCO3 particles had spherical structure with less than 10 µm in diameter, could encapsulate fibrinogen and thrombin, enhance blood coagulation, and generate bubbles for propulsion by reacting with TXA+. Moreover, when particles were combined with TXA+, a synergistic hemostatic effect was obtained. These hemostatic and self-propelling properties could be optimized via changes to preparation method and composition. Further studies in animal bleeding models are warranted.
An IL1RL1 genetic variant lowers soluble ST2 levels and the risk effects of APOE-ε4 in female patients with Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Changes in the levels of circulating proteins are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas their pathogenic roles in AD are unclear. Here, we identified soluble ST2 (sST2), a decoy receptor of interleukin-33-ST2 signaling, as a new disease-causing factor in AD. Increased circulating sST2 level is associated with more severe pathological changes in female individuals with AD. Genome-wide association analysis and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing identified rs1921622 , a genetic variant in an enhancer element of IL1RL1, which downregulates gene and protein levels of sST2. Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variants, including rs1921622 , demonstrated that decreased sST2 levels lower AD risk and related endophenotypes in females carrying the Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 genotype; the association is stronger in Chinese than in European-descent populations. Human and mouse transcriptome and immunohistochemical studies showed that rs1921622 /sST2 regulates amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology through the modulation of microglial activation and Aβ clearance. These findings demonstrate how sST2 level is modulated by a genetic variation and plays a disease-causing role in females with AD.
Probing Strain-Induced Band Gap Modulation in 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites (2019)

In photovoltaics and flexible electronics applications, two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are often subjected to mechanical strain arising from materials processing, device functioning, and thermal expansion. Here we report for the first time a study of the band gap response to uniaxial tensile strain in thin 2D HOIP flakes with a general formula of (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3–NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1. At large n (n > 3), the band gap will increase as the strain increases, and the strain response of band gap can be as high as 13.3 meV/% for n = 5, which is due to the rotation of the inorganic [PbI6]4– octahedra and the consequential Pb–I bond stretching and increase of Pb–I–Pb. Our findings provide a route to engineer the electronic properties of 2D HOIPs. The observed band gap–strain relationship can be harnessed to map the local mechanical strain in 2D HOIP-based devices and allow 2D HOIPs for sensing applications.
High Dynamic-Range Microwave Photonic Links using Maximally Linear FIR Optical Filters (2010)

We propose a microwave photonic link in which maximally linear FIR optical filters discriminate frequency modulation. Using a tenth-order filter, one can achieve a 127 dBm/Hz2/3 SFDR with 1 mW of received optical power.
State-of-the-Art and Future Directions of High-Performance All-Digital Frequency Synthesis in Nanometer CMOS (2011)

The past several years have successfully brought all-digital techniques to the RF frequency synthesis, which could arguably be considered one of the last strong bastions of the traditionally-analog design approaches. With their high sensitivity and high dynamic range requirements, the RF circuits have long had a good excuse to avoid any possible source of digital switching activity. With the constant scaling of CMOS feature size and the merciless push for integration, the existence of almost free and powerful digital logic could not go unnoticed. Hence, the environment was ripe to transform the RF functions into digital realizations, as well as to apply digital assistance to help with the performance of RF circuits. This paper revisits the digitization journey of the traditional charge-pump PLL that has resulted in an all-digital frequency synthesizer with the best-in-class RF performance while occupying only a fraction of the silicon area and consuming a fraction of the power. The paper also offers a few novel techniques to further improve area, current consumption, testability, and reliability of frequency synthesizers.
A Case Study of Polyether Ether Ketone (I): Investigating the Thermal and Fire Behavior of a High-Performance Material (2020)

The thermal and fire behaviors of a high-performance polymeric material-polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was investigated. The TG plots of PEEK under different oxygen concentrations revealed that the initial step of thermal decomposition does not greatly depend on the oxygen level. However, oxygen concentration plays a major role in the subsequent decomposition steps. In order to understand the thermal decomposition mechanism of PEEK several methods were employed, i.e., pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). It was observed that the initial decomposition step of the material may lead to the release of noncombustible gases and the formation of a highly crosslinked graphite-like carbonaceous structure. Moreover, during the mass loss cone calorimetry test, PEEK has shown excellent charring and fire resistance when it is subjected to an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m². Based on the fire behavior and the identification of pyrolysis gases evolved during the decomposition of PEEK, the enhanced fire resistance of PEEK was assigned to the dilution of the flammable decomposition gases as well as the formation of a protective graphite-like charred structure during its decomposition. Moreover, at 60 kW/m², ignition occurred more quickly. This is because a higher rate of release of decomposition products is achieved at such a heat flux, causing a higher concentration of combustibles, thus an earlier ignition. However, the peak of heat release rate of the material did not exceed 125 kW/m².
Experimental analysis of caching efficiency for YouTube traffic in an ISP network (2013)

In this paper, we report YouTube traffic measurements from Orange IP backbone network connecting residential customers. We exhibit its salient features in relation to the performance of caching. By examining the file popularity distribution, we show that video requests are highly volatile in that a huge number of files are viewed only a few times; these files are therefore not relevant for caching. Nevertheless, there is a subset of files which are massively viewed by end users and are worth caching. On the basis of this experimental observation, we develop a mathematical model for estimating the efficiency of file caching in the presence of noise traffic composed of those files which are rarely requested and thus “pollute” the cache. We then proceed to trace-driven simulations in order to check the qualitative conclusions derived from the theoretical model.
Fluid-Gas Exchange and Photocoagulation After Vitrectomy (1986)

We describe the indications, complications, and results of postvitrectomy fluid-gas exchange and laser photocoagulation for management of complicated vitreoretinal disease. Indications include proliferative vitreoretinopathy, vitreous opacities associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, giant retinal tear, recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and trauma. Eyes treated with 50% sulfur hexafluoride gas rather than sterile air demonstrated a higher intraocular pressure on the first postexchange day, which was not a significant source of disease. There was no statistically significant difference in retinal reattachment between eyes treated with gas and those treated with air. Fluid-gas exchange in eyes with partial or total retinal detachment resulted in total or partial retinal reattachment, with the macula attached in 82% of cases within the first 48 hours following exchange. Final reattachment rate, with a mean follow-up of 8.9 months (range, six to 36 months), was 55%. In eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the combination of postoperative argon or krypton laser photocoagulation with fluid-gas exchange was associated with a final reattachment rate of 75%. Postoperative fluid-gas exchange and photocoagulation appear to be safe and effective advances in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases requiring vitrectomy.
HIV-1 gp120 and chemokines activate ion channels in primary macrophages through CCR5 and CXCR4 stimulation (2000)

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) uses the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 as coreceptors for entry into target cells. Here we show that the HIV-1 envelope gp120 (Env) activates multiple ionic signaling responses in primary human macrophages, which are important targets for HIV-1 in vivo. Env from both CCR5-dependent JRFL (R5) and CXCR4-dependent IIIB (X4) HIV-1 opened calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)), chloride, and calcium-permeant nonselective cation channels in macrophages. These signals were mediated by CCR5 and CXCR4 because macrophages lacking CCR5 failed to respond to JRFL and an inhibitor of CXCR4 blocked ion current activation by IIIB. MIP-1beta and SDF-1alpha, chemokine ligands for CCR5 and CXCR4, respectively, also activated K(Ca) and Cl(-) currents in macrophages, but nonselective cation channel activation was unique to gp120. Intracellular Ca(2+) levels were also elevated by gp120. The patterns of activation mediated by CCR5 and CXCR4 were qualitatively similar but quantitatively distinct, as R5 Env activated the K(Ca) current more frequently, elicited Cl(-) currents that were approximately 2-fold greater in amplitude, and elevated intracellular Ca(+2) to higher peak and steady-state levels. Env from R5 and X4 primary isolates evoked similar current responses as the corresponding prototype strains. Thus, the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 with CCR5 or CXCR4 evokes complex and distinct signaling responses in primary macrophages, and gp120-evoked signals differ from those activated by the coreceptors' chemokine ligands. Intracellular signaling responses of macrophages to HIV-1 may modulate postentry steps of infection and cell functions apart from infection.
Carbon-Coated Aluminium Current Collectors for New Li-Ion Battery Generation (2020)

Since 2015, ARMOR has been designing and producing coated current collectors for lithium-ion batteries and super-capacitors. The En’Safe ® technology (represented in Figure 1) uses a thin conductive coating made of carbon and polymer deposited on a metallic substrate. The presence of this thin layer results in lower contact resistance and improved adhesion between the substrate and the electrode which ultimately allows for improved power performances and better cyclability of these energy storage systems (1). At the industrial scale, the deployment of high-voltage positive material (such as LiNi 0,5 Mn 1,5 O 4 ) for new Li-ion battery generation is still facing many issues. Indeed, the different cell components of the positive side can suffer from degradation when polarized at high voltage and high performances are still not achieved. According to our extended investigation, the use of imide-based lithium supporting salts (LiTFSI or LiFSI) is very promising for next generation battery as it is much safer than LiPF 6 and enable to stabilize the positive electrode/electrolyte interface, However, traditional aluminium current collector suffers from severe oxidation from 3.7 V vs. Li + /Li in such media. In this contribution, we will present the new challenges facing ARMOR coated current collectors for next generation lithium-ion batteries with special emphasis on aluminium stability when polarized at high voltage in Al 3+ -complexing electrolyte media. We will show that the ARMOR coating effectively suppresses aluminium oxidation without any additive or change in solvent. In addition, we are also developing novel aluminium coatings stable enough up to 5 V vs. Li + /Li in order to ensure a high electronic conduction and a long time life of the positive current collector. (1) C. Busson et al., Journal of Power Sources 406 (2018) 7. Figure 1
Excited state dynamics of CH2I2 and CH2BrI studied with UV pump VUV probe photoelectron spectroscopy (2019)

We compare the excited state dynamics of diiodomethane (CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub>) and bromoiodomethane (CH<sub>2</sub>BrI) using time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. A 4.65 eV UV pump pulse launches a dissociative wave packet on excited states of both molecules and the ensuing dynamics are probed via photoionization using a 7.75 eV probe pulse. The resulting photoelectrons are measured with the velocity map imaging technique for each pump-probe delay. Our measurements highlight differences in the dynamics for the two molecules, which are interpreted with high-level ab initio molecular dynamics (trajectory surface hopping) calculations. Our analysis allows us to associate features in the photoelectron spectrum with different portions of the excited state wave packet represented by different trajectories. The excited state dynamics in bromoiodomethane are simple and can be described in terms of direct dissociation along the C-I coordinate, whereas the dynamics in diiodomethane involve internal conversion and motion along multiple dimensions.
Quantization noise spectrum of double-loop sigma-delta converter with sinusoidal input (1994)

An exact formula for the output noise spectrum of a double-loop sigma-delta modulator, under the no overloading assumption and with a sinusoidal input, is derived without the use of a white-noise model. In the case of a sinusoidal input with irrational input amplitude and digital frequency, the result agrees with the exact formula derived by ergodic theory for two-stage modulators. In addition, the present method also provides an exact formula for sinusoidal inputs with rational frequency and amplitude. Furthermore, the period of the output with rational initial conditions and DC input is also calculated. The results are of primary interest to multibit sigma-delta modulators, which do not overload over the entire input amplitude range. The ergodic theory method for calculating the exact noise spectrum involves explicitly determining the autocorrelation of the internal quantization error with ergodic theory techniques, and then determining the noise spectrum from the correlation function. The present method, however, directly determines the quantization noise spectrum by using an open-loop model for the coder and applying a Fourier series representation of the quantization error function. The result of both of these methods is that the output noise spectrum for a sinusoidal input is composed of discrete spectral lines shaped by a sin /sup 4/(w/2) envelope.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Crystal structure of potassium tris(acetylacetonato)cadmate(II) monohydrate (1975)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data by the heavy-atom method, and refined to R 0·071 (1997 observed reflections) by block-diagonal least-squares. Crystals are monoclinic, P21/a, a= 16·46(1), b= 14·051(6), c= 8·404(3)Å, β= 101·60(3)°, Z= 4. The structure is comprised of discrete potassium cations and [Cd(C5H7O2)3]– anions, in which the metal atom is co-ordinated by the three ligands. with Cd–O 2·247(7)–2·325(9)Å, in a very good approximation to trigonal prismatic stereochemistry. The potassium environment is comprised of five of the six ligand oxygen atoms and the water molecule, with K–O 2·622(11)–2·802(8)Å.
The Human Breast Cancer DNA Synthesome Can Serve as a Novel In Vitro Model System for Studying the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Drugs (2000)

Abstract : This report describes preliminary results from our studies at the use of breast cancer DNA Synthesome as an In Vitro Model system to evaluate the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs. In this work the pharmacological profile of new eight hydrazone derivatives structurally designed as ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are discussed. Also a series of new seven 1 ,4-naphtoquinones derivatives structurally related to the natural product lapachol and designed to act as topoisomerase inhibitors were investigated as well. The antiproliferative activity and the ability to inhibit DNA synthesis through preventing 3H-thymidine incorporation were determined using MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and some derivatives showed significant results. Our study showed also that the hydrazone new drugs were unable to inhibit the cellular DNA synthetic apparatus in the in vitro DNA replication assay using the human breast cancer DNA synthesome multi-protein complex what is consistent with their being RR inhibitors since the deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis enzymes are not a part of the DNA synthesome. At least four compounds of the 1 ,4-naphtoquinone series showed remarkable results and seem to be promising drugs for the study of the appliance of the breast cancer DNA synthesome as a model system to evaluate anticancer drugs.
Density of an equimolar mixture of ethane and methyl chloride (1985)

Abstract We have measured the density of an equimolar gas mixture of C 2 H 6 –CH 3 Cl between 323.15 and 473.15 K at pressures to 14.0 MPa. Interaction second virial coefficients and dew‐point pressures are extracted from the measurements. Intermolecular force constants for the Lennard‐Jones and Stockmayer models are determined optimally for like and unlike pair interactions. Recent methods of prediction for second virial coefficients, both pure and interaction, are tested against experiment.
Electrostatic ion‐cyclotron waves in magnetospheric plasmas: Nonlocal aspects (1984)

The importance of the effect of the magnetic shear and the finite size of the current channel on the electrostatic ion‐cyclotron instability for the space plasmas is illustrated. A nonlocal treatment is used. When the channel width L c is larger than the shear length L s , there is a large reduction in the growth rate along with a noteworthy reduction of the band of the unstable perpendicular wavelengths. For L c ⪷ L s /10 the growth rate is not much altered from its local value; however, for L c / ρ i ≲ 10² the growth rate starts falling below the local value and vanishes for L c ∼ ρ i . The nonlocal effects lead to enhanced coherence in the ion cyclotron waves.
PYR1(2O1)TFSI -based asymmetric double-layer supercapacitor for HEV application (2009)

A strategy to increase the specific energy and power of electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is the use of ionic liquid electrolytes (ILs) in asymmetric double-layer carbon supercapacitors (AEDLCs) which allow to reach maximum cell voltages as high as 3.7 V with high cycle stability over several thousand cycles.&#13;\n&#13;\nHere, we report the energy and power performance of AEDLCs featuring pyrrolidinium–based ILs evaluated by conventional galvanostatic cycling and by the USABC and DOE FreedomCAR benchmark protocols. The most outstanding finding is that the IL-based supercapacitors meet the dynamic power and energy capability targets stated by DOE for power-assist HEVs.
Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Change in a Middle Size Catchment: A Case Study of the Middle Yiluo Area (2001)

Most of sustainable studies have adopted a normative approach. They attempt to employ common value judgements in assessing human-natural relations and in designing future plans. In practice, however, great regional differentiation precludes the fair use of common principles. This paper, while borrowing some ideas from normative studies, presents a positivist based approach to regional sustainable development assessment: (1) the achievement of sustainability in a region should be judged by the changing direction in a time period concerned; (2) the principle of judgement is whether the changes suit the local environment; (3) in terms of land use and land cover (LULC), a hybrid model that integrates ideas from both the physically and the statistically-based model types, was proposed to develop typical suitable site conditions as benchmarks in determining the suitability of a specific land use type; (4) a multivariate technique was used for measuring the difference between benchmarks and the actual situation. By using this approach, as well as GIS and remote sensing techniques, LULC changes in the Middle Yiluo Basin of the Yellow River were investigated in a fine geographical scale.
The Unexplored Treasure Trove of Phabricator Code Review (2022)

Phabricator is a modern code collaboration tool used by popular projects like FreeBSD and Mozilla. However, unlike the other well-known code review environments, such as Gerrit or GitHub, there is no readily accessible public code review dataset for Phabricator. This paper describes our experience mining code reviews from five different projects that use Phabricator (Blender, FreeBSD, KDE, LLVM, and Mozilla). We discuss the challenges associated with the data retrieval process and our solutions, resulting in a dataset with details regarding 317,476 Phabricator code reviews. Our dataset is available in both JSON and MySQL database dump formats. The dataset enables analyses of the history of code reviews at a more granular level than other platforms. In addition, given that the projects we mined are publicly accessible via the Conduit API, our dataset can be used as a foundation to fetch additional details and insights.