gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized QCTO for Metamaterial-Lens-Coated Conformal Arrays (2014)

The use of inhomogeneous metamaterial lenses is proposed to enable suitable radiation properties for arbitrary-shape antenna arrays. Towards this end, the Quasi-Conformal Transformation Optics (QCTO) methodology is generalized to allow an arbitrary physical arrangement coated with a suitable lens to exhibit the same radiating features of an arbitrary reference virtual array in free space. A representative numerical example, concerned with a two-dimensional layout, is presented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as the enhanced features of the resulting metamaterial-coated arrays with respect to standard conformal arrangements.
Influence of the sensitizer reduction potential on the sensitivity of photorefractive polymer composites (2010)

We report on a series of near infrared (NIR)-sensitive photorefractive polymer composites (PPCs) based on the hole-conducting polymer PF6-TPD, which are sensitized by soluble fullerene-derivatives as electron-accepting agents. We demonstrate a direct correlation between the electron accepting capability of the sensitizer and the holographic response time. The holographic recording speed is found to improve by one order of magnitude when lowering the reduction potential of the sensitizer by approx. 400 mV, while all other physical parameters of the materials remain essentially identical. Furthermore, the lifetime of the mobile charge carriers is found to correlate linearly with the reduction potential, thus indicating a decrease in recombination rates for stronger accepting capability of the sensitizer. Finally, we found that pre-illumination enhanced the holographic sensitivity. The effect is found to be most pronounced for the strongest acceptor due to reduced recombination of the preformed carriers. Overall, the PPCs reported here feature the currently highest sensitivity in the NIR spectral region.
Extended dynamic voltage scaling for low power design (2004)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a popular approach for energy reduction of integrated circuits. Current processors that use DVS typically have an operating voltage range from full to half of the maximum V/sub dd/. However, it is possible to construct designs that operate over a much larger voltage range: from full Vdd to subthreshold voltages. This possibility raises the question of whether a larger voltage range improves the energy efficiency of DVS. First, from a theoretical point of view, we show that for subthreshold supply voltages leakage energy becomes dominant, making "just in time completion" energy inefficient. We derive an analytical model for the minimum energy optimal voltage and study its trends with technology scaling. Second, we compare several different low-power approaches including MTCMOS, standard DVS and extended DVS to subthreshold operation. Study of real applications on commercial processor shows that extended DVS has the best energy efficiency. Therefore, we conclude that extending the voltage range below V/sub dd//2 will improve the energy efficiency for most processor designs.
Probabilistic-Shaping DP-16QAM CFP-DCO Transceiver for 200G Upgrade of Legacy Metro/Regional WDM Infrastructure (2020)

We investigate here the capability of a newly developed CFP-DCO interface, operating at both 34 Gbaud with uniform DP-16QAM and 39 Gbaud with probabilistic-shaping DP-16QAM, for 200G upgrade of legacy metro/regional WDM infrastructure already working at 10G or 100G.
Anti-drug Antibody Validation Testing and Reporting Harmonization (2021)

Evolving immunogenicity assay performance expectations and a lack of harmonized anti-drug antibody validation testing and reporting tools have resulted in significant time spent by health authorities and sponsors on resolving filing queries. Following debate at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Biotechnology Conference, a group was formed to address these gaps. Over the last 3 years, 44 members from 29 organizations (including 5 members from Europe and 10 members from FDA) discussed gaps in understanding immunogenicity assay requirements and have developed harmonization tools for use by industry scientists to facilitate filings to health authorities. Herein, this team provides testing and reporting strategies and tools for the following assessments: (1) pre-study validation cut point; (2) in-study cut points, including procedures for applying cut points to mixed populations; (3) system suitability control criteria for in-study plate acceptance; (4) assay sensitivity, including the selection of an appropriate low positive control; (5) specificity, including drug and target tolerance; (6) sample stability that reflects sample storage and handling conditions; (7) assay selectivity to matrix components, including hemolytic, lipemic, and disease state matrices; (8) domain specificity for multi-domain therapeutics; (9) and minimum required dilution and extraction-based sample processing for titer reporting.
Shortwave Infrared Imaging with J-Aggregates Stabilized in Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2018)

Tissue is translucent to shortwave infrared (SWIR) light, rendering optical imaging superior in this region. However, the widespread use of optical SWIR imaging has been limited, in part, by the lack of bright, biocompatible contrast agents that absorb and emit light above 1000 nm. J-aggregation offers a means to transform stable, near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores into red-shifted SWIR contrast agents. Here we demonstrate that hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) can template the J-aggregation of NIR fluorophore IR-140 to result in nanomaterials that absorb and emit SWIR light. The J-aggregates inside PEGylated HMSNs are stable for multiple weeks in buffer and enable high resolution imaging in vivowith 980 nm excitation.
Online Capillary Electrophoresis for Monitoring Carboxylic Acid Production by Yeast during Bioreactor Cultivations (2013)

Bioprocess monitoring can improve the understanding and control of biotechnological processes. When analyses are carried out as automated online measurements, manual steps of the analysis procedures are avoided, thus decreasing both the time required for analyses and systematic errors. In this study, an online capillary electrophoresis (CE) system with flow-through sample vial made in-house and action control programming was assembled to monitor carboxylic acid production by Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during two different bioreactor cultivations. The relative standard deviations were less than 0.6% for intraday migration times and the total analysis time was less than 20 min. The system operated continuously and automatically up to 6 days and produced data concerning carboxylic acid production during the cultivations. The successful test runs demonstrated that this system has potential for the monitoring of biotechnological processes.
Extremely broadband, on-chip optical nonreciprocity enabled by mimicking nonlinear anti-adiabatic quantum jumps near exceptional points (2017)

Time-asymmetric state-evolution properties while encircling an exceptional point are presently of great interest in search of new principles for controlling atomic and optical systems. Here, we show that encircling-an-exceptional-point interactions that are essentially reciprocal in the linear interaction regime make a plausible nonlinear integrated optical device architecture highly nonreciprocal over an extremely broad spectrum. In the proposed strategy, we describe an experimentally realizable coupled-waveguide structure that supports an encircling-an-exceptional-point parametric evolution under the influence of a gain saturation nonlinearity. Using an intuitive time-dependent Hamiltonian and rigorous numerical computations, we demonstrate strictly nonreciprocal optical transmission with a forward-to-backward transmission ratio exceeding 10 dB and high forward transmission efficiency (∼100%) persisting over an extremely broad bandwidth approaching 100 THz. This predicted performance strongly encourages experimental realization of the proposed concept to establish a practical on-chip optical nonreciprocal element for ultra-short laser pulses and broadband high-density optical signal processing.
Near-field coupling between disk- or ring-shaped nano recording marks in phase-change material (2008)

We use 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method to investigate surface polariton coupling effects between two nano-recording marks which are of different shapes. The behavior of near-field optical interactions and their influence on reflected read-out signal will be discussed.
An overview of localization techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Localization of sensor nodes is an important aspect in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This paper presents an overview of the major localization techniques for WSNs. These techniques are classified into centralized and distributed depending on where the computational effort is carried out. The paper concentrates on the factors that need to be considered when selecting a localization technique. The advantages and limitation of various techniques are also discussed. Finally, future research directions and challenges are highlighted.
Electrical properties of ethylene/silane copolymers (2003)

A method of manufacturing silane-crosslinked polyethylene was developed using random copolymerization of ethylene with silane compounds. In examining the crosslinking properties and electrical properties of these ethylene/silane copolymers, it was found that the crosslinking rate was closely related with the reactivity of the silane, whereas the electric strength did not differ greatly with the type of silane radical. Study of the mechanism of electric breakdown under application of DC voltage in a temperature range of 60 degrees C approximately 160 degrees C revealed that the electric strength can become greater than that for application of impulses near the ordinary temperatures due to the influence of space charges. In the higher temperature range, on the other hand, the electric breakdown appeared to be due to a certain complex process concerned with Maxwellian forces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single-Frequency Hybrid Brillouin/Ytterbium Fiber Laser with 1-W Output Power (2010)

A high-power hybrid Brillouin/ytterbium fiber laser is demonstrated with an output power of 1 W. The laser operates in the single-frequency regime with an optical signal-to-noise ratio greater than 55 dB in a 0.1-nm bandwidth.
A Brain for Language and the Language of the Brain (2025)

This thesis consists of three sections. In the first one, we overview the basic concepts and results of computation theory, the relationship with formal language theory, and present an introduction to the possible applications to different biological systems. The second section deals with the role of noise in the transmission of information in neurons. We show that a key component of the dynamics of action potential generation in neurons, the rectification of ionic flow and negative incremental resistance to ionic gradient, can occur in Brownian transport in the environment of the cell by a purely entropic effect, i.e. driven by thermal noise. We also focus on the problem of temporal coding of information by neurons. We show that a wide class of models of spiking elements display a high sensitivity of the output message noise to the particulars of the input message. We show that predictions based on these models are corroborated by measurements of spiking activity in the visual geniculate of cats. The last section is centered in the problem of coding of complex spaces by the brain. We investigate a case of animal communication, that of songbirds. We show that there exists in the auditory brain of canaries a topographic representation of song, whereby song components are mapped into unique patterns of activity, preserving stimulus identity as well as inter-stimuli relationships. We postulate that this representation reveals a song code embedded in the topography of neural space. We discuss different theories of neural code, their relevance to the findings of syllabic representation, and preliminary approaches to models of brain function compatible with these results. These approaches are based on the hypothesis of the existence in auditory areas of birdsongs of a self-organizing neural network that, driven by statistics of the input, constructs a consistent representation of the auditory input ensemble in neural space.
A Game-Theoretic Framework for Jamming Attacks and Mitigation in Commercial Aircraft Wireless Networks (2009)

As wireless personal electronic devices (PEDs) become increasingly ubiquitous, the demand for wireless network services on commercial aircraft is likely to increase. Introduction of services to an aircraft network creates a host of wireless security challenges, whereby a passenger can use a wireless PED to potentially interfere with or jam valid network traffic and future inter-aircraft communications. Aircraft networks will thus require the ability to detect and appropriately respond to jamming attacks. In this work, we investigate the interactions between the aircraft network and jamming PEDs and propose the use of game theory to model jamming attacks and mitigation techniques. We present a game-theoretic framework to model these interactions and delineate tailored response mechanisms to specific threats. We then demonstrate the ability of the network to enforce desired behavior by offering incentives for passenger cooperation and punishments for failing to cooperate.
Addition Reactions of Cation Radicals of Nitroalkanes to Olefinic Compounds by the Use of Manganese(III) 2-Pyridinecarboxylate (1991)

Abstract Silyl derivatives of aci-nitroalkanes react with olefins such as silyl enol ether, vinyl sulfide, and enamine by oxidation with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate to give the intermolecular addition products selectively.
Simplified processing for 23%-efficient silicon concentrator solar cells (2002)

The authors have developed a three-photomask process that requires only a single furnace step above 800/spl deg/C to fabricate silicon concentrator cells with efficiencies approaching 23% on float-zone (FZ) Si and, for the first time, an efficiency of 20% on solar-grade Czochralski (Cz) Si. Until now, high-efficiency silicon concentrator cells that have demonstrated conversion efficiencies greater than 22% have used FZ silicon and required multiple dopant diffusions and several high-temperature furnace steps. These complexities increase processing costs and preclude the use of lower cost CZ silicon, which is easily degraded by repeated high-temperature cycling. This simplified processing schedule retains most of the benefit available from high-performance solar cell designs while holding down processing costs, and it makes the use of lower cost CZ Si a viable option. The incorporation of a better optimized antireflection coating and a lower recombination back-surface field are projected to increase this performance even further.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Partial Spectral Flatness Measure for Tonality Estimation in a Filter Bank-Based Psychoacoustic Model for Perceptual Audio Coding (2013)

Perceptual audio codecs use psychoacoustic models for irrelevancy reduction by exploiting masking effects in the human auditory system. In masking, the tonality of the masker plays an important role and therefore should be evaluated in the psychoacoustic model. In this study, a partial Spectral Flatness Measure (SFM) is applied to a filter bank-based psychoacoustic model to estimate tonality. The Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) band-pass filters are designed to take into account the spreading in simultaneous masking. Tonality estimation is adapted to temporal and spectral resolution of the auditory system. Employing subjective audio coding preference tests, the Partial SFM is compared with prediction based tonality estimation.
Image processing and pre-processing for medical ultrasound (2002)

Much attention is now being focused on techniques to improve the quality and information content of ultrasonic images of the body. Many of these techniques employ digital pre-processing of coherent echo signals prior to image generation. Examples of these procedures include: resolution enhancement; contrast enhancement (using frequency-domain techniques) to suppress speckle; and imaging of spectral parameters (which sense the sizes and concentrations of sub-resolution tissue constituents). Combinations of spectral parameters and ancillary clinical data (e.g., PSA blood levels) are also being used with statistical classifiers (e.g., discriminant analysis neural network) to generate color-coded, images that indicate tissue type (e.g., cancer) or tissue regions responding to therapy. Sets of these images, obtained-from serial-plane scans, promise to be particularly useful when presented in interactive three-dimensional (3-D) formats.
Schrödinger-Langevin theory for quantum tunneling through a barrier (1984)

We have used the Kanai Hamiltonian, for a quantum-mechanical particle experiencing frictional interactions with its environment, to calculate the influence of dissipation in the surroundings on quantum-mechanical tunneling. We find that for the case of a rectangular potential-energy barrier, the dissipation can either increase or decrease the transmission coefficient, depending on the magnitude of the barrier height and width.
Measurements of [script B]([overline B]^0 → Λ_c^+[overline p]) and [script B](B^- → Λ_c^+[overline p]π^-) and studies of Λ_c^+π^- resonances (2008)

We present an investigation of the decays [overline B]^0 → Λ_c^+[overline p] and B^- → Λ_c^+[overline p]π^- based on 383×10^6 γ(4S) → B[overline B] decays recorded with the BABAR detector. We measure the branching fractions of these decays; their ratio is [script B](B^- → Λ_c^+[overline p]π^-)/[script B]([overline B]^0 → Λ_c^+[overline p])=15.4 ± 1.8 ± 0.3. The B^- → Λ_c^+[overline p]π^- process exhibits an enhancement at the Λ_c^+[overline p] threshold and is a laboratory for searches for excited charm baryon states. We observe the resonant decays B^- → ∑_c(2455)^0[overline p] and B^- → ∑_c(2800)^0[overline p] but see no evidence for B^- → ∑_c(2520)^0[overline p]. This is the first observation of the decay B^- → ∑_c(2800)^0[overline p]; however, the mass of the observed excited ∑_c^0 state is (2846 ± 8 ± 10) MeV/c^2, which is somewhat inconsistent with previous measurements. Finally, we examine the angular distribution of the B^- → ∑_c(2455)^0[overline p] decays and measure the spin of the ∑_c(2455)^0 baryon to be 1/2, as predicted by the quark model.
Algorithm for agile assembling-to-order in the automotive industry (2003)

Traditional automotive assembly initiates the assembly of a vehicle based on a specific order and keeps that order coupled with the vehicle as it moves through the plant. However, due to parallel stations and rework loops in the plant, the build sequence becomes scrambled by the time it enters final assembly. The sequence that reaches final assembly may not be suited for efficient assembly because it might cause very unlevel material usage and workload. Conventional scheduling optimizes the build sequence before the body shop, attaches an order to a physical vehicle as it enters the body shop, and keeps the order and vehicle coupled throughout the plant. Decoupled assembly allows the plant to change the customer order associated with a particular physical vehicle. An algorithm is presented for scheduling and matching customer orders to vehicles to take advantage of this decoupling and quantify its advantages via simulation.
Experimental Studies of Bone Remodeling in Total Hip Arthroplasty (1992)

Experimental studies of bone remodeling after total hip arthroplasty are reviewed. Most of the studies have been motivated by the introduction of cementless hip replacements in which porous coatings are used to provide fixation by bone ingrowth. Stress shielding is thought to be the main factor responsible for bone loss after hip replacement. Experimentally, design features related to (1) the nature of the bone-implant interface and (2) stem stiffness have been tested to determine if the effects of stress shielding can be decreased. The dominant long-term design feature controlling bone remodeling in hip replacement appears to be stem stiffness.
Performance Analysis of Coherent Reverse Link WCDMA Systems Using Adaptive Array Antennas (1999)

Adaptive array antennas have emerged as a useful technique to enhance the cell capacity of mobile communications by maximizing the user signal and rejecting interferences. In this paper, the performance of the coherent reverse link CDMA systems using adaptive array antennas in base station is analyzed by the vector channel model in which the correlation between the fading signals received at each antennas is considered. Also chip-level simulator of IS-665 wideband CDMA modern is developed and the adaptive beamforming part is inserted to analyze the effect on the cell capacity by adaptive array antennas. The effect of path spatial diversity and trade off between beamforming and diversity is also discussed using 2D RAKE receiver structure.
Differential expression of short-term potentiation by AMPA and NMDA receptors in dentate gyrus. (1996)

Both alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor subtypes in hippocampus have been shown to express long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic modification believed to be involved in memory formation. Because of their postsynaptic localization, any differential expression of LTP by the two receptor subtypes would strongly support the existence of a postsynaptic mechanism of LTP expression. In this study, electrophysiological recordings from dentate granule cells were used to compare the potentiation of AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated responses occurring during the initial phase of LTP, typically identified as STP. Results revealed that high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of perforant path afferents induces a robust STP of both AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated components of granule cell EPSPs (referred to as AMPA STP and NMDA STP, respectively). Although STP for both receptor subtypes decayed to an asymptotic, steady-state level of LTP and could be induced repetitively, there were substantial differences in several aspects of AMPA and NMDA STP dynamics. STP of the AMPA receptor reached its peak magnitude approximately 30 sec after HFS and decayed with a time constant of approximately 6 min. In contrast, peak magnitude of NMDA STP always appeared immediately after HFS and decayed with a time constant of only 1 min. Single-pulse stimulation of perforant path afferents paired with postsynaptic depolarization also induced LTP of both AMPA and NMDA components. When this induction paradigm was used, however, only the AMPA component showed significant STP. Our results demonstrate that AMPA and NMDA receptors exhibit markedly different degrees of activity-dependent, short-term modifiability, with the possibility that STP of the NMDA receptor reflects primarily post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). In addition, our results strongly suggest that the mechanisms underlying STP of the AMPA receptor are postsynaptic in origin.