gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping the dynamic allocation of temporal attention in musical patterns. (2018)

Many environmental sounds, such as music or speech, are patterned in time. Dynamic attending theory, and supporting empirical evidence, suggests that a stimulus's temporal structure serves to orient attention to specific moments in time. One instantiation of this theory posits that attention synchronizes to the temporal structure of a stimulus in an oscillatory fashion, with optimal perception at salient time points or oscillation peaks. We examined whether a model consisting of damped linear oscillators succeeds at predicting temporal attention behavior in rhythmic multi-instrumental music. We conducted 3 experiments in which we mapped listeners' perceptual sensitivity by estimating detection thresholds for intensity deviants embedded at multiple time points within a stimulus pattern. We compared participants' thresholds for detecting intensity changes at various time points with the modeled salience prediction at each of those time points. Across all experiments, results showed that the resonator model predicted listener thresholds, such that listeners were more sensitive to probes at time points corresponding to greater model-predicted salience. This effect held for both intensity increment and decrement probes and for metrically simple and complex stimuli. Moreover, the resonator model explained the data better than did predictions based on canonical metric hierarchy or auditory scene density. Our results offer new insight into the temporal orienting of attention in complex auditory scenes using a parsimonious computational model for predicting attentional dynamics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Dynamic sensor-based control of robots with visual feedback (1987)

Sensor-based robot control may be viewed as a hierarchical structure with multiple observers. Actuator, feature-based, and recognition observers provide the basis for multilevel feedback control at the actuator, sensor, and world coordinate frame levels, respectively. The analysis and design of feature-based control strategies to achieve consistent dynamic performance is addressed. For vision sensors, such an image-based visual servo control is shown to provide stable and consistent dynamic control within local regimes of the recognition observer. Simulation studies of two- and three-degree-of-freedom systems show the application of an adaptive control algorithm to overcome unknown and nonlinear relations in the feature to world space mapping.
Influence of composition pulling effect on the two-dimensional electron gas formed at AlyInxGa1−x−yN∕GaN interface (2005)

The piezoelectric field generated at the AlyInxGa1−x−yN∕GaN interface creates a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The maximum 2DEG mobility in AlyInxGa1−x−yN∕GaN, for a nominal composition of x=0.01 and y=0.07, is obtained for the 40-nm-thick quaternary epilayer. With further increase in the AlyInxGa1−x−yN thickness, the mobility drops due to the generation of V defects and misfit dislocations. The 2DEG carrier concentration increases with the thickness due to the composition pulling effect observed during growth where the Al content increases toward the surface. This effect coupled with the stronger piezoelectric field results in a significant band bending and a deeper potential well is created for the sample with a thicker AlInGaN epilayer. The integrated intensity ratio of the photoluminiscence emission from the 2DEG and the AlInGaN band-edge emission, I2DEG∕IBE, is studied as a function of temperature for AlInGaN epilayers of different thickness. The effect of strain relaxation and V-pit formation on the 2DEG confinement in AlInGaN∕GaN is also discussed.
The Highly Conserved Arginine Residues at Positions 76 through 78 of Influenza A Virus Matrix Protein M1 Play an Important Role in Viral Replication by Affecting the Intracellular Localization of M1 (2011)

Influenza A virus matrix protein (M1) plays an important role in virus assembly and budding. Besides a well-characterized basic amino acid-rich nuclear localization signal region at positions 101 to 105, M1 contains another basic amino acid stretch at positions 76-78 that is highly conserved among influenza A and B viruses, suggesting the importance of this stretch. To understand the role of these residues in virus replication, we mutated them to either lysine (K), alanine (A), or aspartic acid (D). We could generate viruses possessing either single or combination substitutions with K or single substitution with A at any of these positions, but not those with double substitutions with A or a single substitution with D. Viruses with the single substitution with A exhibited slower growth and had lower nucleoprotein/M1 quantitative ratio in virions compared to the wild-type virus. In cells infected with a virus possessing the single substitution with A at position 77 or 78 (R77A or R78A, respectively), the mutated M1 localized in patches at the cell periphery where nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin colocalized more often than the wild-type did. Transmission electron microscopy showed that virus possessing M1 R77A or R78A, but not the wild-type virus, was present in vesicular structures, indicating a defect in virus assembly and/or budding. The M1 mutations that did not support virus generation exhibited an aberrant M1 intracellular localization and affected protein incorporation into virus-like particles. These results indicate that the basic amino acid stretch of M1 plays a critical role in influenza virus replication.
Leveraging Experience Telemetry: Use Cases (2022)

Experience Telemetry is a branch of Telemetry that collects non-operational telemetry data from IT infrastructure in order to facilitate the work of roles such as architects, product managers, customer success and user experience planners, in any organization. These roles have interests geared more towards the business rather than operational utility of any product or service. Such data is consumed by various management applications to provide analytics and insights for the above mentioned users. The novelty in this paper lies in the demonstration and qualitative evaluation of how Experience Telemetry concepts can be applied in solving two specific lifecycle management and operations problems, thus advancing the current state-of-practice.
PIKM 2011 (2011)

The PIKM workshop gives Ph.D. students an opportunity to present their dissertation proposals at a global stage. Similarly to the CIKM, the PIKM workshop covers a wide range of topics in the areas of databases, information retrieval and knowledge management. Interdisciplinary work across these tracks is particularly encouraged.
Polarization Switching in 1.3-μm Quantum Dot Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (2009)

This work for the first time, experimentally demonstrates the polarization switching in 1.3-μm quantum dot VCSEL. The polarization switching in quantum dot VCSEL is achieved by adjusting the optical injection power.
Advances in clinical trial design for development of new TB treatments: A call for innovation (2019)

Christian Lienhardt and Payam Nahid launch the Collection on Advances in Clinical Trial Design for Development of New Tuberculosis Treatments.
Detection of Pilot-hopping Sequences for Grant-free Random Access in Massive Mimo Systems (2019)

In this paper, we study an active user detection problem for massive machine type communications (mMTC). The users transmit pilot-hopping sequences and detection of active users is performed based on the received energy. We utilize the channel hardening and fa-vorable propagation properties of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to simplify the user detection. We propose and compare a number of different user detection methods and find that using non-negative least squares (NNLS) is well suited for the task at hand as it achieves good results as well as having the benefit of not having to specify further parameters.
Plant–Microbe Interactions (2007)

Humans need food in order to survive, and most of the food in the modern world is the product of agriculture. In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus published the famous essay in which he argued that the human population increases geometrically yet food production can increase only arithmetically. What he could not predict at that time was the contribution of science to the increased production of food. As Malthus foretold, the world population has increased at an almost alarming rate. It took slightly more than 100 years to double from the 1.25 billion in Malthus's day to 2.5 billion in 1950, but the next doubling, to 5 billion, was achieved in less than 40 years, as seen in Figure 6.1. However, the yield of major food crops per unit area (represented by wheat in Figure 6.1) has increased at an even steeper rate, tripling in slightly more than 40 years. One of the major contributing factors to this increase has been the development of high-yielding varieties of crops, for example, semi-dwarf varieties of wheat and rice, which direct a larger portion of their energy to the production of seeds (grains) than to plant growth; this development, which occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, is often called the “Green Revolution.” Thanks to this increase in yield, the world production of food (represented by cereals in Figure 6.1) could more than keep pace with the increase in population, in spite of the steadily decreasing total land area devoted to agricultural production.
Controlling transverse-wave interactions in nonlinear optics: generation and interaction of spatiotemporal structures (1992)

It is shown that a new type of instability of a light field in a dissipative medium (spatiotemporal instability, which causes the generation of new types of nonlinear light wave) can be observed by controlling the spatial scale and the topology of the transverse interactions of light fields in a medium with cubic nonlinearity. The excitation conditions for optical reverberators, rotating helical waves, and various dissipative structures are experimentally determined. Transformations and interactions of the structures lead to optical turbulence in both space and time. Physical interpretation of these phenomena is based on the parabolic equation for the nonlinear phase shift. It is found that this theoretical model allows one not only to obtain the excitation conditions but to investigate thoroughly such phenomena as hysteresis and nonlinear interactions of structures.
Identification of natural insecticidal compound in medicinal plants against diamondback moth (1999)

Insecticidal potentials of polar and non-polar tractions obtained from 84 medicinal plants were screened against five major agricultural insects. Based on the primary and secondary screening results, non-polar fraction of Atractylodes koreana Kitam. rhizomes was selected to isolate and identify an active compound effective to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) larvae. Counter-current distribution separation on the non-polar fraction and TLC and spectroscopic analyses (GC-MS and - and -NMR) revealed that molecular formula of the active compound was known as a sesquiterpenoid 4,11-selinadien-3-one (-cyperone). However, -cyperone was not detected in the non-polar fractions that showed high insecticidal potential against the diamondback moth. Although -cyperone has been first identified from Cyperus rotundus, the compound did not occur in C. rotundus cultivated in Korea.
Free Radicals from Oriented DNA Fibers after Irradiation at 77 K: Continuous-Wave and Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from D 2 O-Equilibrated Specimens (1994)

Combined continuous-wave and field-sweep electron spin echo spectroscopy was employed to unravel the components of the spectra in oriented DNA fibers equilibrated in 76% relative humidity of D2O vapor formed upon X irradiation at 77 K and stabilized at that temperature. Using DNAs with different counter-ions (Na+, Li+, Cs+), different base composition (calf thymus, Cl. perfringens), substituted thymine bases (deuterated thymine, 5-halouracil substitution) as well as the copolymer poly(A:U), nine different components were discerned. The spectra of two components, known before partially, were fully characterized. One of them should probably be associated with a cytosine anion, the other with a guanine cation, the latter connection having already been made in previous work. A third component, invoked previously from work with DNA containing deuterated thymine, was also fully characterized and could be assigned to a thymine anion. For one of the new components, an assignment to the allyl radical, probably on the thymine base, could be given on account of the characteristics of the spectra. Tentative assignments are given for three other components which involve an anion on the adenine and the guanine base, respectively, as well as an oxidation-derived species comprising a glycosidic nitrogen, perhaps on cytosine.
Selective Hydrogenation of the C≡C to С=С Bond on Fe-Containing Catalysts (2018)

Supported monometallic Fe/SiO2 and bimetallic Fe–Cu/SiO2 catalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation. The synthesized catalytic systems were studied in selective hydrogenation of phenyl-acetylene with molecular hydrogen under mild reaction conditions (H2 pressure 1.3 MPa, 80–110°C). The catalytic properties of monometallic samples depend on the conditions of thermal treatment. The best results on the selectivity of styrene formation (78%) at complete conversion of phenylacetylene were obtained on the reduced sample, in which iron was in the metal state. The modification of the iron oxide phase with copper (0.4 wt %) makes it possible to exclude the stage of reduction of FeOx to Fe0 in hydrogen at high temperatures and to retain high catalytic activity and attain styrene selectivity of 78%.
Search for gauge-mediated supersymmetry in events with at least one photon and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=13TeV (2018)

A search for gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) in final states with photons and large missing transverse momentum is presented. The data sample of pp collisions at s = 13 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . Data are compared with models in which the lightest neutralino has bino-or wino-like components, resulting in decays to photons and gravitinos, where the gravitinos escape detection. The event selection is optimized for both electroweak (EWK) and strong production SUSY scenarios. The observed data are consistent with standard model predictions, and limits are set in the context of a general gauge mediation model in which gaugino masses up to 980 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. Gaugino masses below 780 and 950 GeV are excluded in two simplified models with EWK production of mass-degenerate charginos and neutralinos. Stringent limits are set on simplified models based on gluino and squark pair production, excluding gluino (squark) masses up to 2100 (1750) GeV depending on the assumptions made for the decay modes and intermediate particle masses. This analysis sets the highest mass limits to date in the studied EWK models, and in the considered strong production models when the mass difference between the gauginos and the squarks or gluinos is small.
Single molecule measurement of the “speed limit” of DNA polymerase (2009)

Although DNA replication is often imagined as a regular and continuous process, the DNA polymerase enzyme is a complicated machine and can pause upon encountering physical and chemical barriers. We used single molecule measurements to make a detailed characterization of this behavior as a function of the template's secondary structure and the sequence context. Strand displacement replication through a DNA hairpin by single DNA polymerase molecules was measured in real time with near single base resolution and physiological concentrations of nucleotides. These data enabled the measurement of the intrinsic "speed limit" of DNA polymerase by separating the burst synthesis rate from pausing events. The strand displacement burst synthesis rate for Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I (KF) was found to be an order of magnitude faster than the reported bulk strand displacement rate, a discrepancy that can be accounted for by to sequence specific pausing. The ability to follow trajectories of single molecules revealed that the burst synthesis rate is also highly stochastic and varies up to 50-fold from molecule to molecule. Surprisingly, our results allow a unified explanation of strand displacement and single strand primer extension synthesis rates.
Adaptive feedback control using improved variable step-size affine projection algorithm for hearing aids (2017)

The affine projection algorithm (APA) is commonly used for adaptive filtering in acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) due to its higher convergence and tracking rate compared to the conventional normalized least mean squares (NLMS) algorithm, especially for spectrally colored incoming signals. However, its application to adaptive feedback control (AFC) in hearing aids (HAs) is still not common because of the inherent correlation between the loudspeaker and incoming signals as well as the increase in computational complexity. In this paper, we investigate a way to employ a low projection order APA in conjunction with an improved practical variable step-size (IPVSS) for the prediction error method (PEM) based adaptive feedback control in HAs. The proposed approach is evaluated for a speech incoming signal and for a sudden change of the acoustic feedback path. The experimental results show that the proposed approach yields much better performance than a system employing either the upper or the lower fixed step-size used in the IPVSS as well as the PEM using the IPVSS for the NLMS algorithm (PEM- IPVSS-NLMS). By choosing a small projection order for the APA there is only a slight increase in the computational complexity. Moreover, a small amount of frequency shifting (FS) is integrated to further improve the system's performance.
Chromatographic Evidence of Silyl Ether Formation (SEF) in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (2014)

In this article, we propose that silyl ether formation (SEF) is a major contribution to retention and selectivity variation over time for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In the past, the variations were attributed to instrumentation, but high performance SFC systems have shed new light on the source of variation. As silyl ethers form on the particle surface, the hydrophilicity is decreased, significantly altering the retention and selectivity observed. SEF is expected to occur with any chromatographic particle containing silanols but is slowed on hybrid inorganic/organic particles. The SEF reaction is between alcohols on the particle surface and in the mobile phase solvent. We have found that storage conditions of a column are paramount, which can either prevent or accelerate the process. Because SEF exists as an equilibrium between the liquid phase and the particle surface, the process is also reversible. The silanols can be hydroxylated (regenerated) to their original state upon exposure to water. The next generation of stationary phases will either advantageously utilize SEF or effectively mitigate its effects. Mitigation of SEF would be a significant improvement in SFC that has the potential to vault their performance to levels of similar reproducibility and reliability observed for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Further research in SEF may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of interaction between the solutes and chromatographic surface.
Session 15 solid-state imaging and biomedical applications (1979)

Presents a synopsis of the sessions held at the conference proceedings.
Sauerstoffanaloge Δ8- und Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinole. (1976)

The phloroglucine derivatives (2 a–h) react with (+)-trans-p-menthadien-(2,8)-ol-(1) to give the oxygen analogous of (—)-Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinole such as 3 a–h. Some of these derivatives were converted by HCl-addition/elimination into the isomeric Δ 9 -compounds. The proposed structures of the derivatives are supported by spectroscopic data ( 1 H NMR, IR and MS).
Analysis of Branching Structure in Polyethylene Resins Synthesized with Constrained-Geometry Catalyst Systems, Using Monte Carlo Simulation (1999)

With the development of homogeneous constrained geometry catalyst (CGC) systems, production of ethylene polymers having long-chain branches has become possible The unique molecular structure of these polymers delivers increased physical properties (narrow molecular weight and comonomer composition distribution) without sacrificing processability (long-chain branching). The true branching structure in these resins has not been clearly understood yet. Monte Carlo simulation can be used to study the branching structure of these polymers. From our simulation results, it appears that branching distorts the molecular weight distribution and forms a high molecular weight tail. More importantly, Monte Carlo techniques permit one to analyze the branching structure of these polymers. It was found that the polymer chains in the high molecular weight tail are highly branched.
A novel positive-tone and aqueous-base-developable photosensitive benzocyclobutene-based material for microelectronics (2005)

This work describes a positive-tone and aqueous-base-developable benzocyclobutene (BCB)-based dielectric material. The polymer is made from divinylsiloxane bis(benzocyclobutene) and BCB-acrylic acid. A diazonap-thoquinone in the formulation makes it photosensitive. Patterned films have high resolution, and via openings are scum-free without a de-scum operation. The material possesses optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties desirable for many microelectronic applications, including as a planarization layer or an insulation layer in display, and in packaging.
Impact of gate oxide complex band structure on n-channel III&#x2013;V FinFETs (2015)

FinFET geometries have been developed for the sub-22 nm regime to extend Si-CMOS scaling via improved electrostatics compared to planar technology. Moreover, engineers have incorporated high-k oxide gate stacks. Beyond leakage current, less discussed is the impact of the gate oxide's complex band structure on the device performance. However, it defines the boundary condition for the channel wavefunction at the interface, which, in turn, affects the quantum confinement energy for channel electrons. Here we show that the ON-state performance of n-channel FinFETs may be sensitive to the oxide's complex band structure, especially with light-mass III-V channel materials, such as In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As. We study this effect using an ensemble semi-classical Monte Carlo device simulator with advanced quantum corrections for degeneracy and confinement effects. Our simulations suggest that using a surface oxide with a heavy effective mass may lower the channel carrier confinement energies, mitigating unwanted quantum side-effects that hinder device performance. Ultimately, future high-k stacks may benefit from oxide gate stack heterostructures balancing effective mass and dielectric permittivity considerations.