gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Potential Electromagnetic Interference in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, Left Ventricular Assist Device, and Capsule Endoscopy (2010)

Purpose: An increased frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding events have been observed in patients who receive left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations. Subsequently, this patient population receives an increased frequency of wireless capsule endoscopies (WCE). Nearly all LVAD dependent patients actively use implantable cardiac devices (ICDs). With multiple life-sustaining wireless devices in a physiologic setting, there is a justifiable concern for potential electromagnetic interference. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinically relevant electromagnetic interference between LVAD, ICDs and WCE in an in vitro setting. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted in a specially-designed saline bath simulating the distances expected during concomitant use of these devices. Current generation dual-chamber ICDs (St. Jude Medical, Medtronic and Boston Scientific) attached to appropriate leads were placed in the bath with the LVAD (HeartMate 2, Thoratec). The PillCam® (Given Imaging) was placed in the bath and evaluated at physiologic distances from the device and at 1, 5 and 10 cm from the leads. Each ICD and the LVAD were monitored continuously, programmed and interrogated in the presence of each other to identify interference. All programming and interrogation were performed in the DDD mode. When available, both radiofrequency and inductive telemetry programming were performed. The LVAD was evaluated at 9000 and 9800 rpm, powered by a Lithium battery, NiCD battery, or a direct outlet, and monitored for power, speed, flow, and pulsatility index in a closed-loop simulator. Finally, the PillCam images of a standardized text gradient were recorded continuously, downloaded and evaluated. A spectrum analyzer was used to ensure that ambient background in hospital electromagnetic interference could not influence results. Results: All devices performed according to specifications. ICDs, LVAD, and PillCam proximity did not alter programming or interrogation of the ICDs. In addition, there was no PillCam loss of function or degradation of PillCam images during maneuvers with any devices. Conclusion: No precautions are indicated for the concomitant use of ICDs, LVAD, and the Pillcam. The safety of the concomitant use of these devices is critical as most patients with a LVAD have an ICD and a significantly increased risk of GI bleeding and these patients will rely on the PillCam for accurate diagnoses.
Towards robustness in query auditing (2006)

We consider the online query auditing problem for statistical databases. Given a stream of aggregate queries posed over sensitive data, when should queries be denied in order to protect the privacy of individuals? We construct efficient auditors for max queries and bags of max and min queries in both the partial and full disclosure settings. Our algorithm for the partial disclosure setting involves a novel application of probabilistic inference techniques that may be of independent interest. We also study for the first time, a particular dimension of the utility of an auditing scheme and obtain initial results for the utility of sum auditing when guarding against full disclosure.The result is positive for large databases, indicating that answers to queries will not be riddled with denials.
Non-Type Specific Resistance to Group A Streptococci in Germ Free and Conventional Mice. (1963)

Non-type specific resistance to Group A streptococcal variants was demonstrated by in vivo challenges of germ free and conventional mice. The presence of type specific anti-M antibodies was excluded by long chain and indirect bactericidal tests on the animals'sera. Both germ free and conventional mice were equally resistant to Group A strains lacking both M protein and capsule. The presence of either M protein or capsule increased virulence equally in germ free and conventional mice. However, strains containing both M and capsule in moderate amounts were significantly more virulent for germ free than for conventional animals. Both germ free and conventional mice were highly susceptible to a strain with maximal M protein and capsule. Resistance due to cross reacting antibody was superseded by requirements for anti-M antibody only when the infecting organism contained very large amounts of M protein and capsule.
Cryogenic Thermal Vacuum Testing with Remote Optical Metrology (2011)

Flexure Engineering was awarded an SBIR to research and develop technology needed to build a thermal vacuum chamber made to take laser radar metrology through a window. The XATF test is proof of concept for this, and demonstrated the need for such a chamber. XATF refers to two pieces of critical ground support equipment for NASA's JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM), the ISIM Alignment Target Fixture (IATF) and the Master Alignment Target Fixture (MATF). These optical alignment assemblies require characterization while under cryogenic temperature. A thermal vacuum chamber equipped with a shroud cooled with gaseous and liquid nitrogen was used. An inner shroud was cooled with liquid helium to approximately 30K. The XATF assemblies were kinematically mounted and oriented inside the inner shroud such that the optical targets were visible from outside an optical window on one of the chamber ports. Laser radar and theodolite mounted outside the window took measurements of various optical targets. Two cold cycles were completed. A third cycle was aborted. Metrology was successfully taken. There were some problems with the helium system. The cryo pumps were turned off to reduce vibrations during metrology. Many new technologies and testing methods must be developed for JWST and future programs that will require precision measurements. These technologies will be applicable to other cold temperature applications, such as lunar missions and superconductors. Remote metrology technologies can also be applicable to testing in harsh environments. Facilities with remote metrology capability will be valuable.
A condition for the genotype-phenotype mapping: Causality (1997)

The appropriate choice of the genotype-phenotype mapping in combination with the mutation operator is important for a successful evolutionary search process. We suggest a measure to quantify the quality of this combination by addressing the question whether the relation among distances is carried over from one space to the other. Search processes which do not destroy the neighbourhood structure are termed strongly causal. We apply the proposed measure to parameter and structure optimisation problems in order to assess the combination (mapping, mutation operator) and at the same time to be able to propose improved settings.
Ensuring safety in human-robot coexistence environment (2014)

This paper proposes a safety index and an associated formulation in the optimization-based path planning framework to assess and ensure the safety of human workers in a human-robot coexistence environment. The safety index is evaluated using the ellipsoid coordinates (EC) attached to the robot links that represents the distance between the robot arm and the worker. To account for the inertial effect, the momentum of the robot links are projected onto the coordinates to generate additional measures of safety. The safety index is used as a constraint in the optimization problem so that a collision-free trajectory within a finite time horizon is generated online iteratively for the robot to move towards the desired position. To reduce the computational load for real-time implementation, the formulated optimization problem is further approximated by a quadratic problem. The safety index and the proposed formulations are simulated and validated in a two-link planar robot and the ITRI 7-DoF robot with a human worker moving inside the workspace of the robots.
[The value of long-term postoperative follow-up after curative resection of lung cancer and common problems associated with it]. (2007)

This study was conducted to elucidate the real benefit of postoperative long-term surveillance for 10 years in patients who underwent curative resection for pathological stage I lung cancer. In 1995 and 1996, 100 patients with p-stage I lung cancer underwent curative resection. Of those, 20 patients were excluded because they did not comply with the follow-up regimen. Our follow-up regimen comprised a physical examination including a posterolateral chest radiograph and blood laboratory test every 6 months for up to 2 years, followed by once a year up to 10 years after resection. In addition, CT generally encompassed the lung apices to the lowest edge of the liver and was performed with intravenous contrast once every two years. As a result, among 80 patients, nine recurrences (11%) and seven metachronous second primary lung cancers (9%) were detected. Of 16 malignancies detected, six underwent curative reoperation The 5-year survival rates after the discovery of recurrence and of second primary lung cancer were 22% and 72%, respectively. The average survival of the six reoperated patients was 226 days longer than that of the remaining patients. For the calculation of the costs per life-year gained (LYG) of our follow-up program, an estimated survival benefit of 226 days was used. Consequently, the costs per LYG were calculated at almost 4,500,000 yen. In conclusion, the costs per LYG seem to be acceptable in the light of Japanese average annual earnings. In addition, this follow-up regimen seemed to show a clear survival benefit for patients with metachronous second primary lung cancer. However, for patients with lung cancer recurrence, the perceived benefit was nominal.
Hollow fiber membranes and methods for forming same (2023)

The invention provides improved hollow fiber membranes having at least two layers, and methods for forming the same. The methods include co-extruding a first composition, a second composition, and a third composition to form a dual layer hollow fiber membrane. The first composition includes a glassy polymer; the second composition includes a polysiloxane; and the third composition includes a bore fluid. The dual layer hollow fiber membranes include a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being a porous layer which includes the glassy polymer of the first composition, and the second layer being a polysiloxane layer which includes the polysiloxane of the second composition.
Design Considerations of Data Converters for Industrial Technology (2019)

This paper presents circuit design considerations of high resolution data converters applied for industrial technology, some important design issues related to filter in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are discussed. Whole design flow about filter is given in this work and the design considerations mentioned in this paper are useful for the industrial practice and applications of high resolution ADC, finally, a practical design is illustrated with discussion of ΣΔ modulator.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ethylene/Hexene Copolymer Adsorption onto Graphene: New Insight into Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography (2019)

Abstract Crystallization‐based fractionation techniques are powerful methods for the analysis of short‐chain branching (SCB) in linear low‐density polyethylene. Recently, thermal gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) has been developed for SCB determination of semi‐crystalline and amorphous polyolefins. In TGIC, the fractionation mechanism relies on the interaction of polyolefin chains with a graphite surface upon temperature change for a given solvent strength. Using molecular dynamics simulations, both the enthalpic and entropic contributions responsible for the separation of short‐chain branched polyethylene are estimated. A new thermodynamic framework for understanding the fractionation mechanism of TGIC is proposed. It is confirmed that at high SCB content, the decrease of the adsorption enthalpy is mostly due to the increased steric hindrance of short branches. However, for low chain branching density, strong increase of the persistence length observed during adsorption decreases the conformational entropy of the polymer and thus counter‐balances the favorable adsorption enthalpy. This entropic contribution may also explain the narrowing of the peak observed experimentally with low short‐chain branching density at high elution temperature.
Innentitelbild: Nahtlose Integration von Dosis‐Wirkungs‐basiertem Screening und Flusschemie: effiziente Erzeugung von Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen von β‐Sekretase(BACE1)‐Hemmern (Angew. Chem. 6/2014) (2014)

Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungen (SARs) sind ein grundlegendes Element der modernen medizinischen Chemie bei der Optimierung von Leitstrukturen zu Wirkstoffkandidaten. In der Zuschrift auf S. 1730 ff. demonstrieren M. Werner, R. E. Martin et al. am Beispiel der β-Sekretase, dass die erforderliche Zeit für die Erzeugung von SAR-Daten von mehreren Tagen auf 60 Minuten verkürzt werden kann. Diese Prozessbeschleunigung wurde durch Integrieren von Synthese, Aufreinigung, Quantifizierung und Bioassay in einem vollautomatischen Durchflusssystem erreicht.
In vivo administration of recombinant IFN-gamma induces macrophage activation, and prevents acute disease, immune suppression, and death in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections. (1988)

Recombinant murine IFN-gamma (rMu-IFN-gamma) was demonstrated to be a potent in vivo activator of mouse peritoneal macrophages to kill Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and to be capable of conferring protection against death from acute T. cruzi infection. Following i.p. injections of rMu-IFN-gamma, resident peritoneal macrophages were cultured and infected with T. cruzi in vitro. Numbers of intracellular parasites were determined at different times thereafter. Ten or 100 micrograms (1 microgram = 6.5 X 10(5) U) of Mu-IFN-gamma, injected both 24 and 4 h before macrophage harvest, induced up to 99% inhibition of T. cruzi. One microgram of rMu-IFN-gamma was not effective under these conditions. In vitro inhibition of T. cruzi by peritoneal macrophages occurred by 24 h after infection and continued until at least 120 h after infection. There were no significant differences in initial parasite uptake by macrophages from IFN-gamma-treated or control mice, indicating that the rMu-IFN-gamma induced parasite killing. One i.p. dose of 10 micrograms was as effective as two doses if the single injection was given 24 h before macrophage harvest. In subsequent experiments, mice were given multiple injections of 10 micrograms rMu-IFN-gamma beginning 24 h before or 2 h after infection with virulent T. cruzi. Mice treated with rMu-IFN-gamma had significantly lower parasitemias and decreased morbidity compared with control mice. Proliferative responses to Con A and antibody responses to SRBC were not significantly lowered in IFN-gamma-treated mice, in contrast to untreated infected controls. All of the IFN-gamma-treated mice survived acute T. cruzi infection, whereas 100% of saline-treated infected mice died. It was demonstrated in this study that rMu-IFN-gamma activated mouse macrophages in vivo to kill T. cruzi and that rMu-IFN-gamma significantly reduced morbidity and immune suppression, and eliminated mortality resulting from acute infection with this parasite.
CFO mitigation for uplink SFBC SC-FDMA (2016)

To mitigate inter-carrier interference due to large carrier frequency offset (CFO) in an uplink single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, a three-tap adaptive frequency-domain decision feedback equalizer (AFD-DFE) is designed in this paper. Our design exploits the banded and sparse structure of the equivalent channel matrix. The block recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is used to adapt the AFD-DFE. Consequently, by exploiting the matrix structure in the frequency-domain, the complexity of the block RLS is reduced substantially when compared to its time-domain counterpart. In addition, the design is extended to space-frequency block coded (SFBC) SC-FDMA systems. We show that our proposed AFD-DFE exhibits significant performance improvement when compared to a one-tap AFD-DFE while still enjoying a low computational complexity.
Mitigating Epidemics through Mobile Micro-measures (2013)

Epidemics of infectious diseases are among the largest threats to the quality of life and the economic and social well-being of developing countries. The arsenal of measures against such epidemics is well-established, but costly and insufficient to mitigate their impact. In this paper, we argue that mobile technology adds a powerful weapon to this arsenal, because (a) mobile devices endow us with the unprecedented ability to measure and model the detailed behavioral patterns of the affected population, and (b) they enable the delivery of personalized behavioral recommendations to individuals in real time. We combine these two ideas and propose several strategies to generate such recommendations from mobility patterns. The goal of each strategy is a large reduction in infections, with a small impact on the normal course of daily life. We evaluate these strategies over the Orange D4D dataset and show the benefit of mobile micro-measures, even if only a fraction of the population participates. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of mobile technology to complement other measures like vaccination and quarantines against disease epidemics.
Engineered RNA viral synthesis of microRNAs (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that exert posttranscriptional gene silencing and regulate gene expression. In addition to the hundreds of conserved cellular miRNAs that have been identified, miRNAs of viral origin have been isolated and found to modulate both the viral life cycle and the cellular transcriptome. Thus far, detection of virus-derived miRNAs has been largely limited to DNA viruses, suggesting that RNA viruses may be unable to exploit this aspect of transcriptional regulation. Lack of RNA virus-produced miRNAs has been attributed to the replicative constraints that would incur following RNase III processing of a genomic hairpin. To ascertain whether the generation of viral miRNAs is limited to DNA viruses, we investigated whether influenza virus could be designed to deliver functional miRNAs without affecting replication. Here, we describe a modified influenza A virus that expresses cellular microRNA-124 (miR-124). Insertion of the miR-124 hairpin into an intron of the nuclear export protein transcript resulted in endogenous processing and functional miR-124. We demonstrate that a viral RNA genome incorporating a hairpin does not result in segment instability or miRNA-mediated genomic targeting, thereby permitting the virus to produce a miRNA without having a negative impact on viral replication. This work demonstrates that RNA viruses can produce functional miRNAs and suggests that this level of transcriptional regulation may extend beyond DNA viruses.
Spontaneous Etching of Metal Fluorides Using Ligand-Exchange Reactions: Landscape Revealed by Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) can be performed using sequential reactions based on surface modification followed by volatile release of the modified surface layer. Surface modification can be accomplished using fluorination. Volatile release can then be achieved using precursors that undergo ligand-exchange reactions with the fluorinated surface layer. Metal fluorides can be employed to model the fluorinated surface layer. The ligand-exchange reaction between the precursor and the metal fluoride can lead to spontaneous etching of the metal fluoride. A new reactor with in situ quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) was constructed to observe the volatile etch products from the reaction of ligand-exchange precursors with metal fluoride powders. The metal fluoride powders were AlF3, HfF4, GaF3, InF3, and SnF4. The ligand-exchange precursors were Al(CH3)3, SiCl4, and TiCl4. A variety of studies were conducted including Al(CH3)3 + AlF3, SiCl4 + HfF4, SiCl4 + InF3, TiCl4 + SnF4, Al(CH3)3 + GaF3, and SiCl4 + AlF3. The temperature-dependent in situ QMS studies revealed the many possibilities that occur during the ligand-exchange reaction of precursors with metal fluoride powders. Various categories of behavior were observed from these studies: (i) Ligand exchange occurs at low temperature, but metal etch products from the substrate are not observed until high temperature. (ii) Ligand-exchange and metal etch products from the substrate are observed at similar temperatures. (iii) Ligand exchange occurs, but no metal etch products from the substrate are observed up to a limiting temperature. Knowledge of these possibilities for the ligand-exchange reaction between precursors and metal fluoride powders during spontaneous etching helps to further the understanding of thermal ALE.
Study of Total Quantum Efficiency of Lateral SOI PIN Photodiodes with Back-Gate Bias, Intrinsic Length and Temperature Variation (2015)

This paper addresses, for the first time, an analysis of the total quantum efficiency of lateral SOI PIN photodiodes with different intrinsic lengths in the 300 to 500 K range simultaneously considering back-gate bias and temperature influences. Experimental results showed that the mode of operation changes the behavior of the devices concerning dark and photocurrents, while the temperature variation produces different trades in quantum efficiency related to the absorption length and the diffusion length variation.
Leukocyte-mediated Tissue Injury in Ischemic Stroke (2014)

Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of death worldwide. While the underlying causes of stroke remain poorly defined, brain inflammation appears to be a characteristic response to the vascular insult and there is growing evidence suggesting a cause-effect relationship between the inflammatory response and stroke-induced brain dysfunction and tissue injury. In this review, we summarize evidence that implicates leukocytes in the pathophysiology of stroke and address some of the mediators that contribute to the recruitment and activation of leukocytes in the post-ischemic brain. The products of leukocyte activation that may account for the deleterious effects of this cell population in stroke is also discussed. Recently tested compounds that afford protection against the neurological deficits and tissue injury induced by stroke are addressed within the context of potential development of novel strategies for stroke treatment.
Mass Spectrometric Mapping and Sequencing of N-Linked Oligosaccharides Derived from Submicrogram Amounts of Glycoproteins (1998)

Very small quantities of glycoproteins were directly processed on a MALDI sampling plate prior to their mass spectrometric investigations. The on-plate digestion with N-glycanase released effectively the corresponding oligosaccharides in very short times, irrespective of their molecular mass. The following treatment with an array of exoglycosidase enzymes enables sequencing and a linkage-form determination in analysis times that are considerably shorter than achieved previously: the entire structural determination on a glycoprotein can be completed in one day, with a minimum substrate consumption. Ribonuclease B, bovine fetuin, human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and the diamine oxidase (from porcine kidney) have been used to illustrate different aspects of the on-plate sample treatment/MALDI mass spectrometry.