gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wood from Hardwood Angiosperms and Coniferous Gymnosperms Shows Distinctive Lignin Peaks in Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Mass Spectra (2023)

A data set was constructed consisting of 3021 mass spectra randomly selected from all available families in the ForeST© (Forensic Spectra of Trees) database of mass spectra for wood analyzed by Direct Analysis in Real Time ionization coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-TOFMS). Clear and reproducible differences were observed between the lignin peaks for hardwood angiosperms and coniferous gymnosperms, with DART-TOFMS spectra of angiosperms showing significantly higher relative abundances for peaks associated with syringyl subunits. Application of the method to processed wood samples demonstrated that these differences can be used to provide support for enforcing trade laws by accurately identifying the source of finished wood products from hardwood angiosperms and coniferous gymnosperms.
Herbal dry extract BNO 1011 improves clinical and mucociliary parameters in a rabbit model of chronic rhinosinusitis (2019)

Herbal dry extract BNO 1011 improves radiographic, histologic, and MCC parameters in a rabbit model of CRS.
IL-2 therapy: potential impact of the CD4 cell count at initiation on clinical efficacy--results from the ANRS CO4 cohort (2010)

Higher CD4 cell counts at enrolment and shorter follow-up with low to intermediate CD4 cell counts may explain why IL-2 therapy had no observed clinical benefit in the SILCAAT study. Our findings suggest that the benefit of IL-2 is restricted to a narrow range of CD4 cell counts, arguing against the use of IL-2 in HIV infection to reduce the risk of clinical events.
Plug-and-Sense: An Enabling Onboard Networking Technology for Modular Spacecraft (2005)

Software, more than any other engineering discipline, allows extensive systems to be created with relatively little effort. This leveraging of engineering time is often aimed at making a software system as useful, flexible, and feature-laden as possible; but the complexity that inherently attends such efforts renders them unreliable, difficult to maintain, and nearly impossible to update. As the space industry moves toward modularity and “Plug-and-Play” concepts, significant discipline is required to control this new complexity. Layering is the tool that accomplishes this end. These issues are dealt with in the AstroLogic™ software suite for modular spacecraft. AstroLogic is a “Plug-and-Sense” architecture, meaning that it encompasses the exchange of functional information (as Plug-and-Play does for personal computers) as well as physical information relevant to a physical vehicle such as a spacecraft. It was developed to deal autonomously with the fact that the modules in a modular spacecraft do not know a priori what other modules will be part of the system or where they will be relative to each other. All information exchanged must be done autonomously with minimal or no custom software, or else the advantages of modularity are lost.
Dispersion control over the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral range with HfO_2/SiO_2-chirped dielectric multilayers (2007)

We report the first realization, to the best of our knowledge, of a chirped multilayer dielectric mirror providing dispersion control over the spectral range of 300-900 nm and the first use of hafnium oxide in a chirped mirror. The technology opens the door to the reliable and reproducible generation of monocycle laser pulses in the blue-violet spectral range, will benefit the development of optical waveform and frequency-comb synthesizers over the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral range, and permits the development of ultrabroadband-chirped multilayers for high-power applications.
Ethylene Oligomerization Promoted by a Silylated-SNS Chromium System (2011)

The ethylene trimerization SNS ligand has been modified by replacing the methylene carbons flanking the nitrogen atom with dimethyl silyl groups. Three ligands, CySCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2SCy (a), (t-Bu)SCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2S(t-Bu) (b), and PhSCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2SPh (c), have been prepared. Ligand a in either protonated or deprotonated forms was reacted with CrCl3(THF)3 to afford the corresponding monomeric [CySCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2SCy]CrCl3 (1a) or dimeric {[CySCH2Si(CH3)2NSi(CH3)2CH2SCy]CrCl(μ-Cl)}2 (2a). One-pot reaction of a in the presence of Et2AlCl with either Cr(III) or Cr(II) chlorides afforded in either case the divalent {[CySCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2SCy]Cr{(μ-Cl)Al(CH2CH3)2Cl}2 (3a). To deprotonate the N–H function of the Si-SNS ligand, n-BuLi was used for the purpose of preparing the divalent chromium analogue. The reaction afforded in the case of both a and b the two nearly isostructural divalent complexes {[CySCH2Si(CH3)2NSi(CH3)2CH2SCy]Cr(μ-Cl)}2 (4a) and {[(t-Bu)SCH2Si(CH3)2NSi(CH3)2CH2S(t-Bu)]Cr(μ-Cl)}2 (4b) in crystalline form. To further clarify the interaction of 4 with aluminate species, we have carried out in situ complexation in the presence of either AlCl3 or AlMe3 and using divalent instead of trivalent chromium salts. In the cases of ligands a and c and AlCl3, two isostructural complexes, {[CySCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2SCy]Cr{(μ-Cl)AlCl3}2 (5a) and {[PhSCH2Si(CH3)2N(H)Si(CH3)2CH2SPh]C{(μ-Cl)AlCl3}2 (5c), have been obtained. The reaction with AlMe3 afforded {[CySCH2Si(CH3)2N(Al(CH3)2-μ-Cl)Si(CH3)2CH2SCy]Cr{(μ-Cl)Al(CH3)3} (6a). Its structure was informative, showing a possible catalyst deactivation pathway. To better evaluate the role of the N–H function, we have also methylated ligand a at the N atom. The complexation to chromium was successful only in the presence of Me2AlCl and if a divalent chromium precursor was used. The reaction afforded the catalytically inactive divalent {[CySCH2Si(CH3)2N(CH3)Si(CH3)2CH2SCy]Cr(μ-Cl)}2{(Al(CH3)2Cl)2)(μ-Cl)}2 (7d). Most of these species showed good catalytic activity upon activation but produced only statistical distributions of oligomers.
Chip Optimization Through STI-Stress-Aware Placement Perturbations and Fill Insertion (2008)

Starting at the 65-nm node, stress engineering to improve the performance of transistors has been a major industry focus. An intrinsic stress source-shallow trench isolation (STI)-has not been fully utilized up to now for circuit performance improvement. In this paper, we present a new methodology that combines detailed placement and active-layer fill insertion to exploit STI stress for performance improvement. We conduct process simulation of a 65-nm production STI technology to generate mobility and delay impact models for STI stress. We then utilize these models to perform STI-stress-aware delay analysis of critical paths using Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE). We present our timing-driven optimization of STI stress in standard cell designs, using detailed placement perturbation and active-layer fill insertion to improve complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor performance. We assess the proposed analysis and optimization on small designs implemented with a 65-nm production cell library and a standard synthesis place-and-route flow. Our stress-aware timing analysis improves the clock frequency by 4.68% to 6.31% over traditional worst case analysis, and our optimization improves clock frequency by 2.44% to 5.26%. The frequency improvement through exploitation of STI stress comes at practically zero cost in terms of design area and wire length.
Prediction of Glycan Structures from Glycosyltransferase Expression Profiles (2003)

Glycans, which attach to some lipids and Asn/Ser/Thr residues of proteins, draw attentions as the third biological macromolecule next to DNA and protein, since glycans play key roles in the embryogenesis, immunity and diseases. Glycans consist of carbohydrate sugars and their derivatives such as glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and form linear and branched structures. Recent advances of NMR and MASS technologies have made it possible to determine more and more structures of glycans, and our laboratory provides a public glycan structural database, KEGG/GLYCAN [2, 4]. Glycans are synthesized by several kinds of glycosyltransferases, each catalyzing formation of a glycosidic-bond between the glycan precursor as an acceptor and the nucleotide sugar as a donor. In this study, we construct a pattern library consisting of bond-formation patterns of glycosyltransferase reactions in human. Using the database and the library, we try to predict the repertoire of possible glycan structures from the expression data of human glycosyltransferase genes. This is a first attempt of glycoinformatics research linking genome to glycome.
Percolation threshold model and its application to the electrical conductivity of layered BaTiO3-Ni (2005)

The electrical conductivity percolation threshold of the materials composed of conducting particles embedded in a non-conducting host matrix has been investigated. A statistical, numerical method was used, in which the particles are randomly placed, one by one, into the non-conducting host, and the conducting path is searched. The influence of different particle shapes on the percolation threshold is considered. It has been found that, in addition to the anisotropy in the dimensions of particles, the angular distribution of their long axes plays a dominant role in the calculations of the conductivity percolation threshold. Finally, the non-uniform space distribution of positions of particles is taken into account and the model is used to analyze the percolation threshold of the AC conductivity of layered BaTiO3–Ni composites.
Metal catalyzed rearrangement of a 2,2′-bipyridine Schiff-base ligand to a quaterpyridine-type complex (2007)

A Co(II) quaterpyridine-type complex has been prepared via a one-pot transformation of a 2,2'-bipyridine Schiff-base ligand in the presence of a Lewis acidic metal salt.
Affectee Arguments (2010)

Abstract This chapter examines Affectee, the third primary argument type after Agent and Theme, and shows how it manifests itself. It considers the alternation between prepositional dative and double-object constructions, and suggests that the dative argument in the first and the indirect object in the second are both products of AffP. The chapter also argues that Affectee is merged later than Theme in the Universal Order of Merge (UOM), and then contrasts Affectee with Goal, a superficially similar but quite distinct secondary argument introduced in the UOM after Ag but before Th. It furthermore discusses benefactive AffPs, marked with the preposition for, and shows that they must be distinguished, in a parallel fashion, from Benefactive, another secondary argument which is also merged between Ag and Th. In addition, the chapter looks at possessors of verbs of possession and experiencers of psychological predicates, and considers how these various arguments are realized in Russian. It concludes with a discussion of scope and how it provides a new source of evidence in support of the UOM.
Efficient Selective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds Affording Aromatic Amines under CO/H2O Conditions Catalyzed by Amine-Added Rhodium–Carbonyl Complexes (1991)

Abstract Remarkably high catalytic activities for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds affording aromatic amines using CO (1 atm) and water at room temperature were exhibited by using amine-added rhodium carbonyl complexes (Rh(CO)2(acac), Rh4(CO)12, and Rh6(CO)16) in 2-methoxyethanol or diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) containing a 5 equiv NaOH aqueous solution. The reduction proceeded not only with high catalytic activities, but also with remarkably high nitro-group selectivities, as exhibited in the case of 1-nitroanthraquinone affording 1-aminoanthraquinone, without any other unsaturated groups, such as C=O, being reduced. The T. O. F. (turnovers/time) of 1776 mol-cat−1 h−1 (296 g-atom Rh−1 h−1) was attained for the reduction of p-nitroanisole yielding p-anisidine using Rh6(CO)16-1,8-bis(dimethylamino)-naphthalene catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unified Entry into the Ingenane, Tigliane, and Taxane Ring Systems. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Establishment of a NanoBiT-Based Cytosolic Ca2+ Sensor by Optimizing Calmodulin-Binding Motif and Protein Expression Levels (2020)

Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub>) change dynamically in response to inducers, repressors, and physiological conditions, and aberrant [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> concentration regulation is associated with cancer, heart failure, and diabetes. Therefore, [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> is considered as a good indicator of physiological and pathological cellular responses, and is a crucial biomarker for drug discovery. A genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) was recently developed to measure [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> in single cells and animal models. GECI have some advantages over chemically synthesized indicators, although they also have some drawbacks such as poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), low positive signal, delayed response, artifactual responses due to protein overexpression, and expensive detection equipment. Here, we developed an indicator based on interactions between Ca<sup>2+</sup>-loaded calmodulin and target proteins, and generated an innovative GECI sensor using split nano-luciferase (Nluc) fragments to detect changes in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub>. Stimulation-dependent luciferase activities were optimized by combining large and small subunits of Nluc binary technology (NanoBiT, LgBiT:SmBiT) fusion proteins and regulating the receptor expression levels. We constructed the binary [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> sensors using a multicistronic expression system in a single vector linked via the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), and examined the detection efficiencies. Promoter optimization studies indicated that promoter-dependent protein expression levels were crucial to optimize SNR and sensitivity. This novel [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> assay has high SNR and sensitivity, is easy to use, suitable for high-throughput assays, and may be useful to detect [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> in single cells and animal models.
Integrated chalcogenide waveguide resonators for mid-IR sensing: leveraging material properties to meet fabrication challenges (2010)

In this paper, attributes of chalcogenide glass (ChG) based integrated devices are discussed in detail, including origins of optical loss and processing steps used to reduce their contributions to optical component performance. Specifically, efforts to reduce loss and tailor optical characteristics of planar devices utilizing solution-based glass processing and thermal reflow techniques are presented and their results quantified. Post-fabrication trimming techniques based on the intrinsic photosensitivity of the chalcogenide glass are exploited to compensate for fabrication imperfections of ring resonators. Process parameters and implications on enhancement of device fabrication flexibility are presented.
Transition metal catalyzed polymerization of butadiene in supercritical CO{sub 2} (1998)

A class of Ni(II) catalysts has been shown to stereoselectively catalyze the 1,4-polymerization of butadiene. The authors have been investigating the use of supercritical CO{sub 2} as an environmentally benign replacement solvent for conventional hydrocarbon and halocarbon solvents for a variety of chemical transformations. Above 31 C, CO{sub 2} enters a supercritical phase, where its physical properties are both liquid-like and gas-like. Importantly, the solvent properties such as dielectric constant for supercritical fluids can be varied by changing the pressure of the fluid. In this report, the authors present results of an investigation of the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene using [({pi}-allyl) Ni(CF{sub 3}CO{sub 2})]{sub 2} in supercritical CO{sub 2}. They conducted 1,3-butadiene polymerizations in CO{sub 2} to determine whether or not they could systematically and predictably adjust the regiochemistry/stereochemistry of the polybutadiene product by varying the solution properties at different pressures. They also mention experiments with CO catalysts that are known to give 1,2-syndiotactic polybutadiene, and with a Pd catalyst system that is known to copolymerize olefin with CO to give perfectly alternating copolymers.
Population structure and molecular epidemiology of Serpulina pilosicoli in Australian piggeries (1998)

The porcine weakly β-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes (WBHIS) comprise four distinct species. Serpulina pilosicoli is the agent of porcine intestinal spirochaetosis, and the other three species appear to be non-pathogenic commensals although some strains may be involved in colitis. Very little research has been undertaken to determine the relative distribution of the WBHIS species within pig herds, and the population structure and strain distribution of S.pilosicoli is virtually unknown. Fellstrom et al.(l) previously showed a relationship between the presence of biochemical group IV WBHIS (S. pilosicoli) and diarrhoea in Swedish pig herds. In some cases, WBHIS with three distinct phenotypes were detected in pigs from the one farm. Over a three year period from June 1993 to June 1996, we isolated 96 WBHIS from Australian pigs with diarrhoea or production problems and an additional 28 WBHIS isolates were obtained from overseas collaborators. In the present study multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) was used to: a) confirm the identity of each WBHIS, and therefore determine association between a particular WBHIS species and diarrhoea in Australian pigs; b) examine the population structure and strain distribution of S. pilosicoli; and c) compare genetic relationships between S. pilosicoli strains isolated from pigs, humans, dogs and avian species.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Local and Systemic Protumorigenic Effects of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Derived GDF15 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 157KB, Fibroblast-derived GDF15/MIC-1 stimulates cytokine production by LNCaP cells.&lt;/p&gt;
LINE-1 ORF1p RIP-seq reveals widespread association with p-body enriched mRNAs (2020)

Abstract Background Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) is an autonomous retroelement able to “copy-and-paste” itself into new loci of the host genome through a process called retrotransposition. The LINE-1 bicistronic mRNA codes for two proteins, ORF1p, a nucleic acid chaperone, and ORF2p, a protein with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activity. Both proteins bind LINE-1 mRNA in cis and are necessary for retrotransposition. While LINE-1 transcription is usually repressed in most healthy somatic cells through a plethora of mechanisms, ORF1p expression has been observed in nearly 50% of tumors, and new LINE-1 insertions have been documented in a similar fraction of tumors, including prostate cancer. Results Here, we utilized RNA ImmunoPrecipitation (RIP) and the L1EM analysis software to identify ORF1p bound RNA in prostate cancer cells. We identified LINE-1 loci that were expressed in androgen sensitive and androgen independent cells, that we show are representative of LINE-1 copies expressed in prostate cancer before and after treatment. In all androgen independent cells, we found higher levels of LINE-1 RNA, as well as unique expression patterns of LINE-1 loci. Interestingly, we observed that ORF1p bound many non-LINE-1 mRNA in all prostate cancer cell lines evaluated, and polyA RNA, and RNA localized in p-bodies were especially enriched. Furthermore, the expression levels of many of the identified ORF1p bound mRNAs also correlated with expression of LINE-1 RNA in prostate tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Conclusion Our results show a significant remodeling of LINE-1 loci expression in androgen independent cell lines when compared to parental androgen dependent cells, suggesting an evolution of LINE-1 expression during prostate cancer progression. Additionally, our finding that ORF1p bound a significant amount of non-LINE-1 mRNA, and that the enriched ORF1p bound mRNAs are also amplified in LINE-1 expressing TCGA prostate tumors, suggest that ORF1p may play a role in non-LINE-1 RNA processing and regulation of specific transcripts in prostate tumors.
Time-Reversal of Ultrasonic Fields-Part 111: Theory of the Closed Time-Reversal Cavitv J (1992)

Abstruct- A theoretical model for time-reversal cavities to optimize focusing in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media is described.The concept of the cavity can be understood as the most realistic approximation to an exact three-dimensional (3-D) time-reversal of ultrasonic fields; it is also a generalization of the time-reversal mirrors realized experimentally in our laboratory. The proposed method is based onan approach in the transient regime, that is more general than the monochromatic formalism used in optics to analyze the phase conjugation mirrors efficiency. This method uses impulse diffraction theory to obtain the impulse response of the cavity in any inhomogeneous medium. It is also proposed an original interpretation of the limitations due to diffraction observed in wave field propagation in terms of the different waves generated inside the cavity. The time-reversal focusing process using a closed cavity in a weakly inhomogeneous medium is finally compared with more classical techniques to compensate wavefront distortions, thus illustrating the focusing improvement due to the time-reversal method.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Neplanocin‐A from D‐Ribose and by a Chemoenzymic Method. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design, additive manufacturing, and performance of heat exchanger with a novel flow-path architecture (2020)

A novel heat exchanger architecture was investigated, in which each fluid pathway transitions through the heat exchanger from tube-flow to shell-flow, or from shell-flow to tube-flow. The heat exchangers (HX) consisted of two plenums filled with tube bundles and a solid core of Counterflow channels Sandwiched between Plenums (CSP). To allow a high packing in the core region, a non-circular, e.g., triangular, cross-section tube shape was employed. In this exploratory study of the proposed CSP HXs, prototypes were fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing. Several challenges posed by the laser-powder-bed fabrication were presented and design solutions for additive manufacturing were discussed. Two different CSP HX were 3D printed, one in which the core region was placed midway between the end plates in the HX, and another one in which the core region was offset toward one end of the HX. The performance of the CSP HXs was evaluated against an off-the-shelf 5 kW shell-and-tube heat exchanger, considered as the baseline heat exchanger. Each of the baseline HX and six CSP HXs configurations were tested at three different flow rates for R245fa (cold fluid) while inlet conditions for the water (hot fluid) were not changed, for a total of 21 tests. It was found that the heat load for three CSP HXs configurations shows excellent thermal performance as compared to that of the baseline HX. The overall heat transfer coefficient for two CSP HX configurations was higher than that of the baseline by 16 to 32%. Although the proposed HXs did not outperform the commercial baseline HX in all aspects, the reported thermohydraulic performance in this first embodiment of the proposed HX concept indicated that the CSP concept offers a new path towards more efficient and more compact heat exchangers.