gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intent Features for Rich Natural Language Understanding (2021)

Brian Lester, Sagnik Ray Choudhury, Rashmi Prasad, Srinivas Bangalore. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Industry Papers. 2021.
Analysis of intracellular short organic acid‐coenzyme A esters from actinomycetes using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (2007)

A method employing silicone oil density centrifugation, solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was developed for the rapid, selective, sensitive, and quantitative detection of an intracellular pool of short organic acid-CoA esters in actinomycetes. The detection limit was determined to be approximately 0.8 pmol (1.2 ng/ml) for each standard CoA-ester analyzed by the present LC-ESI-MS/MS method. A selected ion chromatogram for a typical fragment ion (m/z 428) specific to CoA-esters enabled the detection of eight intracellular CoA-esters involved in both primary and secondary metabolisms. The application of this method to bacterial metabolomic study is demonstrated by the profiling of the intracellular CoA-ester pools in the wild-type Streptomyces venezuelae strain producing polyketide antibiotics (methymycin and pikromycin), a polyketide synthase (PKS)-deleted S. venezuelae mutant, and a S. venezuelae mutant expressing the heterologous PKS genes. By quantifying the individual CoA-esterlevel in three different genotypes of the S. venezuela e strain, further insight could be gained into the role of CoA-estersin polyketide biosynthesis. This analytical approach can be extended to the quantification of the size and composition of in vivo CoA-ester pools in various microbes, and can provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between the in vivo CoA-ester pool and the production of pharmaceutically important polyketides.
<title>Real-time visual control for an intelligent vehicle: the convoy problem</title> (1990)

One of the goals of the development of vehicular systems for air, space, land and sea operations is the creation of autonomous behavior which is directed by intelligent processors. For intelligent vehicle systems the goal-directed autonomy includes convoy following. In this paper, the convoy problem is investigated as a real-time control problem, the prime input of which is a stereo vision sensing system. The general approach to maintaining a safe distance along with the calibration of the stereo system is discussed in this paper. The methodology merges intelligent real-time control with techniques developed to solve constituent problems in the system. Real-time system definitions are given as well as preliminary results of controlling an actual autonomous vehicle in real-time.
Preparation of carbocyclic analogues of 2′-deoxyribonucleotides possessing a phosphonate substituent at the 5′-position (1996)

The epoxycyclopentanol 10 is converted into the methylphosphonate 15 in 30% overall yield. The diol 15 is converted into the protected carbocyclic nucleotide mimics 16, 18, 21 and 22 in 38–70% yield. The diol 15 is resolved using a lipase-catalysed esterification and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers are deduced by CD spectroscopy.
Loss of p53 function leads to metastasis in ras+myc-initiated mouse prostate cancer. (1995)

To study the interactions between dominantly acting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes we used p53 'knockout' mouse urogenital sinus tissue for retroviral transduction of ras and myc in the mouse prostate reconstitution (MPR) model system. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed in all wild-type p53 MPRs with one small focal cancer and no evidence of metastasis. Prostatic cancer was found in 100% of the heterozygous and homozygous p53 mutant MPRs with metastatic deposits in 95% of the mice. The pattern of metastasis was remarkably similar to that in human prostate cancer with gross metastatic deposits in the lung, lymph nodes, bone and liver of many animals. Progression of carcinomas in the ras+myc-initiated heterozygous p53 mutant MPRs was invariably associated with either complete loss, partial deletion or loss of expression of the wild-type p53 allele. Southern blotting analysis of proviral-cellular DNA junction fragments in primary carcinomas and cell lines derived from metastatic deposits revealed that metastases do not necessarily seed out from the most abundant clone in the primary carcinoma.
Near-field intensity statistics in semicontinuous metal - dielectric films (2006)

Statistics obtained from the near-field of metal - dielectric films of varying metal concentration indicate the presence of delocalized states at the percolation threshold.
Graduation Rates at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Underperforming Performance Measure for Determining Institutional Funding Policies (2012)

Abstract Historically Black Colleges and Universities have been in existence in the United States since the mid-1800s. Currently there are 105, which include private and public institutions, with most being four-year programs. In this study, we compare graduation rates of Historically Black Colleges and Universities to predominately White institutions and analyze the use of graduation rates as a performance measure for determining funding policies. The study design consists of 10 Historically Black Colleges and Universities and 10 predominately White institutions, selected and matched by purposive sampling based on variables of student body population size, geographical location, public or private institution charter type, and student body socioeconomic factors. Results suggest that Historically Black Colleges and Universities have lower overall graduation rates than matched predominately White institutions. However, these institutions perform equally well when exclusively considering graduation rates of African-American students. Recommendations for Historically Black Colleges and Universities to improve academic outcomes and incorporate proven educational strategies are discussed. Keywords: African Americaneducationgraduation ratesHistorically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)performance measurespolicy funding methods Acknowledgments aWe thank Nicolas T. Kaguri for valuable assistance in preparing the manuscript. Beronda L. Montgomery is supported by a CAREER award from the National Science Foundation (Grant no. MCB–0643516).
Stable and Robust Geometric Self-Calibration for Cone-Beam CT Using Mutual Information (2014)

We present a novel geometric calibration method for cone beam computed tomography, which is based on an iterative multiresolution 2-D-3-D image registration framework. Our technique does not require a dedicated calibration phantom or any other specific markers inside the scanned object, so that the geometric parameters can be computed online from the acquired data itself. In contrast to existing registration-based calibration methods, our approach uses the mutual information for maximization of the similarity between the original and the reprojected projections. Furthermore, we incorporated a consistent volume update scheme into our algorithm that supports the registration to accurately retrieve the geometrical misalignment of the scanner. In addition to this, stochastic ray sampling in combination with forward and backprojection operators implemented on the graphics card make the overall runtime comparable to current registration-based approaches. However, we can reach as accurate results as the current phantom-based techniques. Our results will show that our algorithm converges stably to the correct solution, that it is robust against projection noise and that it is independent of the underlying system geometry. It can be applied to circular and to helical trajectories with arbitrary cone angles. Moreover, our studies on simulated and on real data demonstrate that our algorithm can deal with arbitrary imaging objects.
Twenty-GHz broadband microstrip array with electromagnetically coupled high T/sub c/ superconducting feed network (1996)

The use of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) feed lines and phase shifters can substantially improve the performance of microwave and millimeter-wave printed phased array antennas. A novel antenna architecture is described that provides a broadband radiating aperture to be used as a scanning array with compatible low-loss HTS phase shifters. The approach follows an earlier design demonstrated at 12 GHz, and this work extends the approach to 20 GHz. The antenna design, radiation patterns, bandwidth measurements, and thermal analysis are reported. A prototype thermal isolator design is described that reduces the heat load of coaxial interconnections between cryocooled and room temperature systems.
Simultaneous second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (2000)

International audience
A Survey of Numerical Methods Utilizing Mixed Precision Arithmetic (2020)

Within the past years, hardware vendors have started designing low precision special function units in response to the demand of the Machine Learning community and their demand for high compute power in low precision formats. Also the server-line products are increasingly featuring low-precision special function units, such as the NVIDIA tensor cores in ORNL's Summit supercomputer providing more than an order of magnitude higher performance than what is available in IEEE double precision. At the same time, the gap between the compute power on the one hand and the memory bandwidth on the other hand keeps increasing, making data access and communication prohibitively expensive compared to arithmetic operations. To start the multiprecision focus effort, we survey the numerical linear algebra community and summarize all existing multiprecision knowledge, expertise, and software capabilities in this landscape analysis report. We also include current efforts and preliminary results that may not yet be considered "mature technology," but have the potential to grow into production quality within the multiprecision focus effort. As we expect the reader to be familiar with the basics of numerical linear algebra, we refrain from providing a detailed background on the algorithms themselves but focus on how mixed- and multiprecision technology can help improving the performance of these methods and present highlights of application significantly outperforming the traditional fixed precision methods.
<title>PHILLS: NRL's modular hyperspectral imaging system</title> (1995)

The portable hyperspectral imager for low light spectroscopy (PHILLS) is a modular system incorporating panchromatic and spectroscopic imagers. PHILLS was designed to be a low cost, versatile hyperspectral imager using primarily commercial off-the-shelf parts that could be used as a ground based or airborne imager. The goals fo the PHILLS program are to allow collection of high quality broadband hyperspectral data, to develop methodology for near real time spectral unmixing, to make deployment of hyperspectral imagers feasible in airborne or spaceborne scenarios. Presently PHILLS combines high resolution color video cameras with intensified UV, visible, and NIR spectroscopic modules with wavelength resolution of 0.5-2 nm over the 0.2-1.1 micrometers band. The system offers analog and digital data recording capability with GPS annotation. The instrument has been successfully deployed on NRL's P-3 aircraft in missions from the North Pole to the Florida Keys. The PHILLS system is controlled by a personal computer and is integrated with an adaptive hyperspectral data analysis system that provides very fast end member determination and subpixel spectral unmixing using an orthogonal projection based method known as the filter vector algorithm.
Guided Image Generation with Conditional Invertible Neural Networks (2019)

In this work, we address the task of natural image generation guided by a conditioning input. We introduce a new architecture called conditional invertible neural network (cINN). The cINN combines the purely generative INN model with an unconstrained feed-forward network, which efficiently preprocesses the conditioning input into useful features. All parameters of the cINN are jointly optimized with a stable, maximum likelihood-based training procedure. By construction, the cINN does not experience mode collapse and generates diverse samples, in contrast to e.g. cGANs. At the same time our model produces sharp images since no reconstruction loss is required, in contrast to e.g. VAEs. We demonstrate these properties for the tasks of MNIST digit generation and image colorization. Furthermore, we take advantage of our bi-directional cINN architecture to explore and manipulate emergent properties of the latent space, such as changing the image style in an intuitive way.
Modelling of turbulent scalar flux in turbulent premixed flames based on DNS databases (2005)

A transport equation for scalar flux in turbulent premixed flames was modelled on the basis of DNS databases. Fully developed turbulent premixed flames were obtained for three different density ratios of flames with a single-step irreversible reaction, while the turbulent intensity was comparable to the laminar burning velocity. These DNS databases showed that the countergradient diffusion was dominant in the flame region. Analyses of the Favre-averaged transport equation for turbulent scalar flux proved that the pressure related terms and the velocity–reaction rate correlation term played important roles on the countergradient diffusion, while the mean velocity gradient term, the mean progress variable gradient term and dissipation terms suppressed it. Based on these analyses, modelling of the combustion-related terms was discussed. The mean pressure gradient term and the fluctuating pressure term were modelled by scaling, and these models were in good agreement with DNS databases. The dissipation terms and the velocity–reaction rate correlation term were also modelled, and these models mimicked DNS well.
Proteomics and Genetics of Dental Enamel (2005)

The initiation of enamel crystals at the dentino-enamel junction is associated with the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP, a gene normally linked with dentin formation), three 'structural' enamel proteins--amelogenin (AMELX), enamelin (ENAM), and ameloblastin (AMBN)--and a matrix metalloproteinase, enamelysin (MMP20). Enamel formation proceeds with the steady elongation of the enamel crystals at a mineralization front just beneath the ameloblast distal membrane, where these proteins are secreted. As the crystal ribbons lengthen, enamelysin processes the secreted proteins. Some of the cleavage products accumulate in the matrix, others are reabsorbed back into the ameloblast. Once crystal elongation is complete and the enamel layer reaches its final thickness, kallikrein 4 (KLK4) facilitates the breakdown and reabsorption of accumulated enamel matrix proteins. The importance of the extracellular matrix proteins to proper tooth development is best illustrated by the dramatic dental phenotypes observed in the targeted knockouts of enamel matrix genes in mice (Dspp, Amelx, Ambn, Mmp20) and in human kindreds with defined mutations in the genes (DSPP, AMELX, ENAM, MMP20, KLK4) encoding these matrix proteins. However, ablation studies alone cannot give specific mechanistic information on how enamel matrix proteins combine to catalyze the formation of enamel crystals. The best approach for determining the molecular mechanism of dental enamel formation is to reconstitute the matrix and synthesize enamel crystals in vitro. Here, we report refinements to the procedures used to isolate porcine enamel and dentin proteins, recent advances in the characterization of enamel matrix protein posttranslational modifications, and summarize the results of human genetic studies that associate specific mutations in the genes encoding matrix proteins with a range of dental phenotypes.
The Role Of Semaphorin 7A In Alternatively Activation Of Macrophages (2014)

S D A Y 854 Sequencing Of The ST2 Gene and The Identification Of Genetic Determinants Of Serum Total ST2 Levels: Strong Evidence For Replication Across European and African American Populations Dr. Rasika A. Mathias, ScD, Lili Huang, MPH, Dr. Candelaria I. Vergara, MD, PhD, Dr. Li Gao, MD, PhD, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Joseph Potee, Mrs. Monica Campbell, Dr. Hironori Masuko, MD, PhD, Justyna Fert-Bober, James Snider, Dr. Margaret Taub, PhD, Dr. Ingo Ruczinski, PhD, Dr. Terri H. Beaty, PhD, Dr. Jennifer E. Van Eyk, PhD, Dr. Kathleen C. Barnes, PhD, FAAAAI; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Critical Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. RATIONALE: ST2 (IL1RL1), in its soluble form (sST2) neutralizes its ligand, IL-33, by acting as a decoy receptor. Serum sST2 has been used as a biomarker for disease severity and outcome for multiple inflammatory and lung diseases, including atopic asthma. We previously showed a 10-SNP haplotype as a key determinant of serum sST2 levels in targeted deep resequencing studies of ST2 in 241 samples of African ancestry (p50.0002). METHODS: Serum sST2 was measured by ELISA on an additional 440 African American and 196 European American samples. Four SNPs selected from the 10-SNP haplotype were genotyped using the ABI Taqman assay. Single-variant tests for the common variants were performed separately by race using the linear regression models assuming additive effects of alleles on log serum total ST2 adjusted for age, gender, asthma, batch, study and principal components to adjust for admixture. RESULTS: All four SNPs were significantly replicated (p<0.05) in the independent African American sample. Three of the four SNPs were strongly associated with sST2 levels in the European American samples (p<10). Importantly, predicted allelic effects were almost identical between the racial groups. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed association between sST2 levels and SNPs in a previously identified ST2 haplotype in an independent sample of 440 African Americans, and replicated this association in a European American population with identical allelic effects. Two SNPs were predicted to be in a region with minimal binding evidence for Polymerase (RNA) II (DNA Directed) Polypeptide A (POLR2A) which is a DNAdependent RNA polymerase catalyzing transcription of DNA into RNA.
Genetic Algorithms for the Optimization of Diffusion Parameters in\n Content-Based Image Retrieval (2019)

Several computer vision and artificial intelligence projects are nowadays\nexploiting the manifold data distribution using, e.g., the diffusion process.\nThis approach has produced dramatic improvements on the final performance\nthanks to the application of such algorithms to the kNN graph. Unfortunately,\nthis recent technique needs a manual configuration of several parameters, thus\nit is not straightforward to find the best configuration for each dataset.\nMoreover, the brute-force approach is computationally very demanding when used\nto optimally set the parameters of the diffusion approach. We propose to use\ngenetic algorithms to find the optimal setting of all the diffusion parameters\nwith respect to retrieval performance for each different dataset. Our approach\nis faster than others used as references (brute-force, random-search and PSO).\nA comparison with these methods has been made on three public image datasets:\nOxford5k, Paris6k and Oxford105k.\n
Equalizer complexity of mode-division multiplexed coherent receivers (2012)

One of the possible solutions is to use space division multiplexing in order to overcome the capacity crunch. Few mode fibers (FMF) have attracted a lot of attention in the recent years, however still a lot of research is required to enable transmission over FMF. One of the problems with the realization of FMF transmission is that these fibers have a modal dispersion which results in high number of equalization taps which might make the FMFs impractical. The complexities of common equalizer schemes are analyzed in this paper in terms of complex multiplications per bit. It is found that training symbol based equalizers have significantly lower complexity compared to blind approaches for long-haul transmission. Among the training symbol based schemes, OFDM requires the lowest complexity for crosstalk compensation in a mode-division multiplexed receiver. The main challenge for training symbol based approaches is the increased data rate due to extra overhead required for cyclic prefix and training symbols. In order to achieve 2000 km transmission, the modal dispersion must be below 6 ps/km when the OFDM specific overhead is limited to 10%. This shows that for few mode transmission systems the reduction of modal delay is essential to enable long-haul performance.
Willing to Revise? Confidence and Recommendation Adoption in AI-Assisted Image Recognition (2022)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to assist humans in various aspects of everyday life, including high-stakes decision-making. Nevertheless, the question how to design human-AI teams that optimally integrate the strengths of both parties, while mitigating their respective weaknesses, is still open. Machines excel in the analysis of large data sets and the rapid discovery of subtle patterns, while it is a human strength to judge new, uncertain situations based on tacit knowledge, intuition, or creativity. An interesting open research question is, thus, how AI and human decisions can be integrated well such that the resulting human-AI team exhibits better performance than AI or humans alone.
Mapping the B cell superantigen binding site for HIV-1 gp120 on a VH3 Ig (2000)

The emerging class of B cell superantigens includes HIV-1 gp120, which binds to many members of the V(H)3 Ig gene family. The present study addresses the structural features of V(H)3 antibodies conferring gp120 binding activity using a panel of recombinant full-length and Fab Ig proteins. Binding activity was fully conferred by the Fab portion of the Ig molecule. The V(H) region was the major determinant of binding; diverse light chains were permissive for gp120 binding. A series of recombinant V(H)3-V(H)1 chimeric molecules was created to analyze the contribution of different subregions of V(H)3 to gp120 binding. Hypervariable loop 1 (H1) substitution alone caused a 10-fold reduction in binding activity. The framework subregions (FR1, FR2 and FR3) and H2 also influenced binding, since substitutions of various combinations of these subregions conferred 10- to 100-fold binding reductions. We conclude that gp120 binding occurs through a non-conventional interaction involving multiple discontinuously arrayed residues spanning the V(H), and including roles in gp120 contact and favorable conformation of the V(H).
Noisy Text Analytics (2010)

Text produced by processing signals intended for human use is often noisy for automated computer processing. Digital text produced in informal settings such as online chat, SMS, emails, tweets, message boards, newsgroups, blogs, wikis and web pages contain considerable noise. Also processing techniques like Automatic Speech Recognition, Optical Character Recognition and Machine Translation introduce processing noise. People are adept when it comes to pattern recognition tasks involving typeset or handwritten documents or recorded speech, machines less-so.