gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Be‐Implanted GaAs by Using RTA with Proximity Contact (1990)

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) combined with proximity contact techniques has been used to activate Be‐implanted. At the optimum RTA condition, which is 900°C for 5s, complete activation was achieved. The SIMS analyses show less dopant redistribution during RTA in comparison with furnace annealing. The proximity contact effectively suppressed arsenic loss and minimized surface morphology degradation.
Complex Transformer: A Framework for Modeling Complex-Valued Sequence (2020)

While deep learning has received a surge of interest in a variety of fields in recent years, major deep learning models barely use complex numbers. However, speech, signal and audio data are naturally complex-valued after Fourier Transform, and studies have shown a potentially richer representation of complex nets. In this paper, we propose a Complex Transformer, which incorporates the transformer model as a backbone for sequence modeling; we also develop attention and encoder-decoder network operating for complex input. The model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the MusicNet dataset and an In-phase Quadrature (IQ) signal dataset. The GitHub implementation to reproduce the experimental results is available at https://github.com/muqiaoy/dl_signal.
Focal Adhesions: Self‐Assembling Nanoscale Mechanochemical Machines that Control Cell Function (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Solid-State Biochemistry in Focal Adhesions Focal Adhesion as a Mechanotransduction Machine Mechanical Control of Molecular Binding Interactions in Focal Adhesions The Focal Adhesion as a Multifunctional Biomaterial Conclusions References
Melanocytes as emerging key players in niche regulation of limbal epithelial stem cells (2021)

These findings suggest that LMel are not only professional melanin-producing cells, but exert various non-canonical functions in limbal niche homeostasis by regulating LEPC maintenance, immune responses, and angiostasis. Their potent regulatory, immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties may have important implications for future regenerative cell therapies.
Photocycloaddition reactions of 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazole and alkynes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocycloaddition reactions of 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazole and alkynesM. Sindler-Kulyk and D. C. NeckersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 8, 1275–1281Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00156a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00156a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Infrared Spectroscopy of a Wilkinson Catalyst in a Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid (2008)

Homogeneous catalysis in room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) constitutes a most interesting field of research with high potential in technical applications. As concerns the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, Wilkinson's compound RhCl(PPh(3))(3) represents a catalyst that provides high selectivity and activity. Herein, we demonstrate the application of infrared spectroscopy to the quantitative analysis of the Wilkinson catalyst in the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]). Our study demonstrates for the first time the quantitative, accurate and reproducible determination of the concentration of a rhodium catalyst by means of IR spectroscopy and, moreover, allows the investigation of intermolecular interactions. Spectral features, located mainly in the fingerprint region of the IR spectrum, are identified revealing the influence of the dissolved catalyst on the IL's vibrational structure. In particular, the ring-bending mode of the imidazolium ring shows a frequency shift as a function of catalyst concentration, probably due to hydrogen-bond formation between the IL cation and the Rh complex. The results show the potential of IR spectroscopy both for application as a quick process control technology in catalytic processes and as a tool for better understanding of IL-catalyst interactions.
Comparison of Two Algorithms for Signal Detection in Pulsarbased FSR (2018)

Two detection algorithms (heuristic and CFAR) for target detection in pulsar FSR are analyzed using the simulation approach. The simulation results are verified by processing of the experimental data obtained by the radio observatory Dwingeloo in the Netherlands. The simulation and experimental results proved that the CFAR detection algorithm is more effective than the heuristic algorithm and can be successfully used in a pulsar FSR system for protection of air space from unwanted air objects.
P4–016: Allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, 2: Bridging subcutaneous to intravenous formulations for clinical trials (2013)

Allopregnanolone (Allo) stimulates proliferation of rodent and human neural progenitor cells in vitro and in triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTgAD) mice in vivo. Simultaneously, Allo reduces AD pathology and improves cognitive performance in 3xTgAD mice. Allo was administered to mice subcutaneously (SC; 10 mg/kg) or intravenously (IV; 0.01–1.5 mg/kg). Formulations of Allo were developed through solubility tests and dose range-finding and efficacy studies bridging to SC 10 mg/kg. The SC control formulation (10 mg/kg in PBS/5%EtOH) did not induce detectable sedation indicating that global neuroactivation of GABAergic pathways is not required for neurogenesis. In vitro, intracellular calcium rise occurs rapidly, within one-minute after Allo exposure, indicating that sustained activation of GABA A receptors may not be required. Once/week dosing regimen maximized neurogenesis while concomitantly reducing Alzheimer's pathology. Results of current analyses indicate promising therapeutic efficacy of soluble IV Allo to promote neuroregenerative capacity. Bridging studies were conducted to simulate SC with IV. IV Allo activates CREB and neuronal differentiation factors including NeuroD to promote neurogenesis within 24h and new cells integrate into pre-existing hippocampal neural networks within weeks following Allo exposure. Our preclinical data indicate that the regenerative effect of ALLO occurs at sub-sedative doses given in a regimen consistent with the time course for regeneration - i.e. maximum exposure of once per week - not daily as is typical for most therapeutics. Thirty minutes after IV (Allo 1.5 mg/kg) administration in the mouse, the plasma Allo concentration was 51 ng/ml (160 nmol/l) and 192 ng/g in brain cortex, comparable with our previously tested SC formulation (Allo 10 mg/kg) that reached 34 ng/ml (107 nmol/l) in plasma and 159 ng/g in brain cortex within 30 min thereby bridging IV and SC formulation and Allo exposure. PK/PD of Allo in mice and prior human exposure data were used to determine an IV dosing regimen and predicted human exposure in support of planned clinical trials in Alzheimer's patients. Allo formulations via IV and SC routes of administration induce the regenerative capacity of the brain.
Complex Incremental Sheet Forming Using back Die Support on Aluminium 2024, 5083 and 7075 Alloys (2014)

The complex prototype forming of an industrial component was investigated on AA2024, 5083 and 7075 sheets using the incremental sheet forming approach. Fracture occurred at the top of crevice and steeper wall angle region for AA2024 and 7075, respectively, whereas no fracture in the AA5083 alloy. Thinning was higher at the steeper wall angle for all the alloys, from both the experimental and finite element analysis. It is speculated that the typical tensile nature of loading and the associated thinning of the material at these regions caused plastic instability in the material thereby creating micro-cracks that resulted in the failure of the component.
Ultrafast high power switching diodes (2002)

Impressive progress in semiconductor switch technology has been demonstrated at the A.I. Ioffe Physiotechnical Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. In the moderate voltage (1 kV), moderate current (100 A) regime, the Ioffe group's technology demonstrates switching times of 2 ns or a di/dt of 5/spl times/10/sup 10/ A/s. In the thyristor area, large diameter devices have demonstrated rates of current rise approaching 10/sup 12/ A/s, which is comparable with spark gaps. A three year research project is underway in collaboration with the Ioffe group which seeks to define the physics, assess the technology, and identify the critical parameters that allow for successful development of semiconductor switches capable of operating at the parameters described above. The initial stage of the program studies individual switches produced by the Ioffe group in order to verify their operational parameters. The second stage of the program will study the physics issues important in achieving the operational specifications. The final stage of the program will suggest modifications to the device manufacture process that may yield further improvements in performance. This paper presents information on a computer-controlled test stand that was developed for testing a variety of components produced by the Ioffe group. Information on circuit modeling using PSPICE and one specific test circuit are discussed. Finally, performance results for two kinds of drift step recovery diodes (DSRD) are presented.
Management of pancreatic cysts (2013)

The diagnosis and management of patients with pancreatic cysts have progressed significantly in recent years. Large prospective, multicenter trials are now needed to validate the new international consensus guidelines and to assess the accuracy of new molecular markers.
Syntheses and Antibacterial Evaluation of New Penicillium Metabolites Gregatins G and Thiocarboxylics C (2023)

Abstract Two pairs of side‐chain epimeric 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐dihydrofuran‐4‐ones with structures purported for thiocarboxylics C 1/2 and gregatins G 1/2 , isolated from Penicillium sp. Sb62, were synthesised for the first time in five steps and 17–25 % yield. Key steps were a Suzuki cross‐coupling, a Yamaguchi esterification, and a base‐induced Knoevenagel‐type condensation. The optimum protecting group for the 10‐OH group in the dienyl side‐chain, orthogonal to necessary protecting groups on O‐10 of the furanone, was found to be t ‐butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS). The specific rotations of our synthetic products deviated markedly from those reported for the natural isolates. In contrast to the isolates, the synthetic products were not active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Direct simulations and experiments of turbulence over regular roughness from the transitionally rough to the fully rough regime (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0697.vid We present results of experiments and fully resolved, direct numerical simulations (DNSs) on turbulent flows over regular arrays of cylindrical roughness elements. The experimental campaign was conducted in the Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel for k+ = 225-400 at frictional Re = 7110-16700, where the '+' superscript represents wall-unit scaling with kinematic viscosity and the friction velocity. DNSs were conducted for k+ = 5, 10, 15, and 20 at a frictional Re = 190 and for k+=20 at a frictional Re = 380. Data from experiments and DNSs are presented and discussed for the roughness function, equivalent sand-gain roughness, mean flow velocity profiles, turbulence statistics, and spectral energy densities. Experimental results suggest the method used to estimate the equivalent sand-grain roughness from mean velocity profiles is sensitive to the selection of the logarithmic region considered in the regression fit, highlighting the need for an improved analytical method to estimate roughness parameters from the mean velocity profiles. DNS results suggest there is a progressive departure from smooth-wall-like turbulence for all cases except the smallest roughness size investigated. We hypothesise the differences are related to the nonlinear interaction of the texture-coherent flow with the background turbulence and plan to assess the importance of this mechanism in future work.
Desiccation increases sucrose levels in Ramonda and Haberlea, two genera of resurrection plants in the Gesneriaceae (1997)

A few genera of angiosperms are known as ‘resurrection plants’ since their leaves withstand complete desiccation. In many organisms, including some resurrection plants, desiccation tolerance is associated with the accumulation of special carbohydrates. We examined whether this is also true for the two European angiosperm genera of resurrection plants, Ramonda and Haberlea in the Gesneriaceae. Using gas chromatography, non‐structural carbohydrates were determined as a percentage of the dry weight in leaves of Ramonda nathaliae subjected to various desiccation regimes. Sucrose was the predominant soluble carbohydrate in all samples, and its level steadily increased from 2 to 10% during desiccation. Starch amounted to ca 2% in control leaves and disappeared completely within 8 days of desiccation. Considerable amounts (1–2.5%) of raffinose and smaller amounts of its precursor galactinol (1‐a‐galactosyl‐ myo ‐inositol) were present in control leaves; these carbohydrates showed only minor changes upon desiccation. Similar results were obtained when excised leaves of Ramonda nathaliae, Ramonda myconi and Haberlea rhodopensis were subjected to desiccation. These data indicate that sucrose accumulation is connected to desiccation tolerance in Gesneriaceae; the presence of raffinose may be a pre‐adaptation since this sugar prevents crystallization of sucrose during drying.
Thermalized ground state of artificial kagome spin ice building blocks (2012)

We present a direct magnetic imaging study on the thermal macrospin ordering of artificial kagome spin ice building blocks. Using photoemission electron microscopy, employing x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we are able to resolve the single domain magnetic nature of the macrospins and determine the states of the combined building block structures. The nano-patterning and material selection allows thermally activated magnetization reversal for the macrospins to occur. The ordering of the macrospins is dominated by the ground state, consistent with a thermal ground state ordering. This work paves the way for the realization of extended artificial spin ice structures exhibiting experimentally accessible thermal behavior.
Development of an Absorbance Detection Module Using a Deep UV Light-Emitting Diode for a Portable Miniaturized Liquid Chromatograph (2023)

近年，サンプリングした現場で即時に分析が可能な小型分析装置の需要が高まっている．著者らは，小型・低電力の電気浸透流ポンプとカラム内蔵チップからなる小型HPLCシステムの開発に取り組んできた．本研究では，小型HPLCシステム全体のさらなる小型化を目指しながら検出における汎用性を拡張するため，カラム内蔵チップに適用可能で，汎用性が高い紫外吸光度検出モジュールを構築した．そのために光源及び受光器に深紫外発光ダイオード（ピーク発光波長255 nm）及びフォトダイオードを用いるとともに，これらの動作を制御し，信号を処理するシステムも構築した．さらに，検出モジュールが市販分光光度計並みの感度を持ち，良好にクロマトグラム測定ができることを実証した．
AIDSVAX. VaxGen. (2001)

AIDSVAX, a bivalent vaccine consisting of a preparation of recombinant gp120 from two types of HIV, is being developed by VaxGen for the potential prevention of HIV infection [274573]. Two versions of the vaccine are in phase III trials: AIDSVAX B/E, in phase III trials in Thailand, stimulates production of antibodies to HIV subtypes common to South and Southeast Asia, and countries of the Pacific Rim; and AIDSVAX B/B, in phase III trials in the US and Europe, stimulates production of antibodies to HIV subtypes that are found in the Americas, Europe, the Caribbean and Australia [314365], [397186]. The bivalent vaccine is based on an earlier monovalent vaccine, MNrgp120 (Genetech Inc/VaxGen Inc) [274573], [356845]. In April 2001, the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) reviewed data from the trials and indicated that the vaccine appeared safe and that the trials were being conducted appropriately. VaxGen has disclosed that an average of 95% of volunteers continue to participate in the phase III trials. The DSMB was scheduled to conduct its review in November 2001, to examine the efficacy of AIDSVAX in the prevention of HIV infection. VaxGen would halt the trial early if the interim analysis shows the vaccine to be effective. The company would then begin the process of applying for regulatory approval. If the interim analysis proves inconclusive, the trial would proceed to its scheduled conclusion in the fourth quarter of 2002 [386730], [405696]. In August 1998, a collaborative research agreement was signed with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). This includes research on combinations of AIDSVAX and other NIAID vaccines and research for new formulations suitable for developing nations [295166].
Thermoelectric Power of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

We have measured the temperature-dependent thermoelectric power (TEP) of crystalline ropes of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The TEP is large and holelike at high temperatures and approaches zero as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. The results argue against the opening of a gap at low temperature in these materials. When derived from a simple band structure picture, the TEP of a single metallic nanotube is significantly lower than the measured TEP, strongly suggesting that the predicted electron-hole symmetry of metallic nanotubes is broken when the tubes self-assemble into ropes. Different models for the symmetry breaking are considered.
Perceptually motivated rate control for video coding (2006)

Rate control regulates the instantaneous video bit-rate to maximize a picture quality metric while satisfying channel constraints. Typically, a quality metric such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) or weighted signal-to-noise ratio (WSNR) is chosen out of convenience. However this metric is not always truly representative of perceptual video quality. Attempts to use perceptual metrics in rate control have been limited by the accuracy of the video quality metrics chosen. Recently, new and improved metrics of subjective quality such as the video quality experts group&apos;s (VQEG) NTIA general video quality model (VQM) have been proven to have strong correlation with subjective quality. Here, we apply the key principles of the NTIA-VQM model to rate control in order to maximize perceptual video quality. Our experiments demonstrate that applying NTIA-VQM motivated metrics to standard TMN8 rate control in an H.263 encoder results in perceivable quality improvements over a baseline TMN8/MSE based implementation.
Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution in GNSS-2 (1997)

The accuracy requirements of future satellite-based
positioning applications are expected to necessitate the
use of carrier-phase techniques. These must at the same
time be rapid and robust. The signal designs of GPS and
GLONASS limit what can be achieved, but it may be
possible to improve the situation significantly in the next
generation of systems. As part of its contribution to
worldwide studies of GNSS-2, ESA has been studying a
modified signal design using three suitably spaced
frequencies. This paper describes the TCAR method,
presents a preliminary analysis of its performance and
describes a planned programme of experiments to validate
it.
The TCAR method is simply an extension of the well
known widelaning technique. Three carriers are spaced
such that the frequency differences between them form a
steady progression, in four steps, from the chip rate to one
of the carrier frequencies. The two “outer” carriers form a
conventional widelane, while the closest two form a super-widelane.
As long as the noise and bias differences
between steps are sufficiently small, the integer
wavelength ambiguity inherent in the carrier-phase
pseudorange estimate at each step can be solved using the
pseudorange estimate from the previous step. In principle this can be carried right down to the carrier wavelength,
but residual biases become increasingly difficult to treat in
later steps and differential or estimation and compensation
techniques are needed.
Control of Glycoprotein Synthesis (1989)

Hen oviduct membranes were shown to contain high activity of a novel enzyme, UDP-GlcNac:GlcNAc beta 1-6(GlcNAc beta 1-2) Man alpha-R (GlcNAc to Man) beta 4-GlcNAc-transferase VI. The enzyme was shown to transfer GlcNAc in beta 1-4 linkage to the D-mannose residue of GlcNAc beta 1-6 (GlcNAc beta 1-2) Man alpha-R where R is either 1-6Man beta-(CH2)8COOCH3 or methyl. Radioactive enzyme products were purified by several chromatographic steps, including high performance liquid chromatography, and structures were determined by proton nmr, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and methylation analysis to be GlcNAc beta 1-6 ([14C]GlcNAc beta 1-4) (GlcNAc beta 1-2) Man alpha-R. The enzyme is stimulated by Triton X-100 and has optimum activity at a relatively high MnCl2 concentration of about 100 mM; Co2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ could partially substitute for Mn2+. A tissue survey demonstrated high GlcNAc-transferase VI activity in hen oviduct and lower activity in chicken liver and colon, duck colon, and turkey intestine. No activity was found in mammalian tissues. Hen oviduct membranes cannot act on GlcNAc beta 1-6Man alpha-R but have a beta 4-GlcNAc-transferase activity that converts GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha-R to GlcNAc beta 1-4(GlcNAc beta 1-2) Man alpha-R where R is either 1-6Man beta-(CH2)8COOCH3 or 1-6Man beta methyl. The latter activity is probably due to GlcNAc-transferase IV which preferentially adds GlcNAc in beta 1-4 linkage to the Man alpha 1-3 arm of the GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-6(GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-Asn core structure of asparagine-linked glycans. The minimum structural requirement for a substrate of beta 4-GlcNAc-transferase VI is therefore the trisaccharide GlcNAc beta 1-6(GlcNAc beta 1-2) Man alpha-; this trisaccharide is found on the Man alpha 6 arm of many branched complex asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The data suggest that GlcNAc-transferase VI acts after the synthesis of the GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3-, GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-6-, and GlcNAc beta 1-6 Man alpha 1-6-branches by GlcNAc-transferases I, II, and V, respectively, and is responsible for the synthesis of branched oligosaccharides containing the GlcNAc beta 1-6(GlcNAc beta 1-4)(GlcNAc beta 1-2)Man alpha 1-6Man beta moiety.