gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable directional guided wave surface plasmons based on spin-orbit interaction (2017)

The need for system miniaturization and fast data processing has recently motivated the rapid expansion of nanophotonics and research in the manipulation of surface plasmons. These electromagnetic waves are intrinsically bound to metal-dielectric interfaces and can be confined and guided at deep subwavelength scale by metal nanostructures, such as plasmonic waveguides and nano-antennas. However, downscaling optical functionalities far beyond the diffraction limit poses challenges in dynamically controlling plasmon localization and directionality. Here, we present the tunable directional coupling of surface plasmons by transferring the spin momentum of light to the extrinsic angular momentum of the guided surface waves within sharply bent trajectories. On the basis of such a spin-to-orbit conversion, we demonstrated experimentally the selective non-radiative addressing of two nano-antennas connected at the ends of a curved nanoscale metallic waveguide, with a surface plasmon directionality up to 95%. This approach offers appealing new opportunities for the development of advanced truly subwavelength optical functionalities.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of An interleukin-6-related systemic inflammatory syndrome in patients co-infected with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and HIV but without Multicentric Castleman disease. (2010)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: An interleukin-6-related systemic inflammatory syndrome in patients co-infected with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and HIV but without Multicentric Castleman disease.
Stochastic Motion Planning for Applications in Subsea Survey and Area Protection (2012)

This dissertation addresses high-level path planning and cooperative control for autonomous vehicles. The objective of our work is to closely and rigorously incorporate classication and detection performance into path planning algorithms, which is not addressed with typical approaches found in literature. We present novel path planning algorithms for two different applications in which autonomous vehicles are tasked with engaging targets within a stochastic environment. In the first application an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) must reacquire and identify clusters of discrete underwater objects. Our planning algorithm ensures that mission objectives are met with a desired probability of success. The utility of our approach is verified through field trials. In the second application, a team of vehicles must intercept mobile targets before the targets enter a specified area. We provide a formal framework for solving the second problem by jointly minimizing a cost function utilizing Bayes risk.
Histopathologic Findings of Multifocal Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms on CT (2013)

The presence of multiple pancreatic cysts should be looked on with suspicion, particularly when there are a large number of cysts, even when none of the cysts individually meet the imaging criteria for resection according to the Sendai consensus recommendations. At the very least, these patients need to be followed very closely.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Diagnostic Biopsy Detects Significant Prostate Cancer and could Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies and Over Detection: A Prospective Study (2014)

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging reported by expert radiologists achieved an excellent negative predictive value and a moderate positive predictive value for significant prostate cancer at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla.
Surface Microstructuring of Steel Components for CVD Diamond Coating by Ultrasonic Vibration Superimposed Face Milling using Tailored Tools (2020)

Diamond coatings applied by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provide extraordinary properties concerning hardness and wear resistance, which enables an increase of the performance or lifetime of highly stressed components. In particular, the combination of steel substrates and diamond coatings allows for numerous applications in several sectors of industry. However, there are significant challenges considering the coating adhesion strength. For example, the mismatch concerning the thermal expansion of steel and diamond commonly leads to a delamination of the coating. Thus, a suitable pre-treatment of the substrate surface is compulsory. With the aim of improving CVD diamond coating adhesion, ultrasonic vibration superimposed machining (UVSM) is applied when doing face milling on steel X46Cr13 specimens. The vibration direction is parallel to the tool axis and perpendicular to the feed direction. The tool wear and the surface microstructure are determined by 3D laser scanning microscopy. The investigations show, that predefined microstructuring of the substrate surface by UVSM contributes to an enhancement of the CVD diamond coating adhesion, especially regarding coatings with a thickness up to 10 µm. This can be referred to a better distribution or a reduction of thermally induced residual stresses in the diamond layer. However, a reliable generation of deterministic microstructures by UVSM significantly depends on the wear behavior of the tool. Uncoated cemented carbide grades exhibit considerable deficits reflecting in rapid tool wear. Therefore, adapted tool coatings are experimentally investigated, which result in an increase of the tool life and a reduction of the geometrical deviations of the microstructures. With an appropriate system of surface microstructure and coating, for example for tribological applications substantial improvements in terms of wear resistance and coefficient of friction are expected.
Observation ofJ/ψ-pair production in pp collisions ats=7TeV (2011)

The production of J/ψ pairs in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been observed using an integrated luminosity of 37.5 pb−1 collected with the LHCb detector. The production cross-section for pairs with both J/ψ in the rapidity range 2<yJ/ψ<4.5 and transverse momentum pTJ/ψ<10 GeV/c isσJ/ψJ/ψ=5.1±1.0±1.1 nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
Synthesis of tritium‐labeled bilirubin (2008)

Abstract Tritium‐labeled bilirubin with specific activities ranging from 6.8 to 8.8 Ci/mmol was prepared in a single step by reducing biliverdin dihydrochloride with sodium borotritide in ethanol. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Flexible and Effective Object Tiering for Heterogeneous Memory Systems (2023)

Computing platforms that package multiple types of memory, each with their own performance characteristics, are quickly becoming mainstream. To operate efficiently, heterogeneous memory architectures require new data management solutions that are able to match the needs of each application with an appropriate type of memory. As the primary generators of memory usage, applications create a great deal of information that can be useful for guiding memory tiering, but the community still lacks tools to collect, organize, and leverage this information effectively. To address this gap, this work introduces a novel software framework that collects and analyzes object-level information to guide memory tiering. Using this framework, this study evaluates and compares the impact of a variety of data tiering choices, including how the system prioritizes objects for faster memory as well as the frequency and timing of migration events. The results, collected on a modern Intel platform with conventional DRAM as well as non-volatile RAM, show that guiding data tiering with object-level information can enable significant performance and efficiency benefits compared to standard hardware- and software-directed data tiering strategies.
A Study on Cross-Corpus Speech Emotion Recognition and Data Augmentation (2021)

Models that can handle a wide range of speakers and acoustic conditions are essential in speech emotion recognition (SER). Often, these models tend to show mixed results when presented with speakers or acoustic conditions that were not visible during training. This paper investigates the impact of cross-corpus data complementation and data augmentation on the performance of SER models in matched (test-set from same corpus) and mismatched (test-set from different corpus) conditions. Investigations using six emotional speech corpora that include single and multiple speakers as well as variations in emotion style (acted, elicited, natural) and recording conditions are presented. Observations show that, as expected, models trained on single corpora perform best in matched conditions while performance decreases between 10-40% in mismatched conditions, depending on corpus specific features. Models trained on mixed corpora can be more stable in mismatched contexts, and the performance reductions range from 1 to 8% when compared with single corpus models in matched conditions. Data augmentation yields additional gains up to 4% and seem to benefit mismatched conditions more than matched ones.
Posture and Movement Estimation Based on Reduced Information. Application to the Context of FES-based Control of Lower-Limbs (2007)

In this chapter we have introduced several approaches for the estimation, detection and classification of the posture or movement of disabled patients. They are founded on nonintrusive sensors and are meant for closed-loop control in the context of functional restoration via electrical stimulation. While taking advantage of an available walker, we have investigated the potential of using only arm support measurements. Then, we found that we can reconstruct patients standing postures only with a fairly large uncertainty. However, we found that these measurements can be used for detecting patients trunk movement. When miniature sensors are attached onto the patient's body, then it is possible to efficiently detect transitions such as sit-to-stand or classify steady-state movements such as standing, sitting or walking. The two technologies could eventually be combined. Finally, a synergy between artificial and voluntary movements can indeed be achieved by using these methods. For instance, in a FES-assisted sit-to-stand movement, the electrical stimulation should be triggered according to the patient's trunk movements.
Selective quenching of unhybridized fluorescent probes by gold nanoparticles for rapid SNP genotyping using conventional PCR (2007)

We detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genomic DNA that has been amplified using a standard PCR protocol where a short fluorescently tagged probe sequence and a single denaturation and annealing step have been added. We utilize the ability of ionically treated gold nanoparticles to selectively adsorb unhybridized probes in the modified PCR product and quench their fluorescence. The method eliminates the time and expense of gel electrophoresis while retaining the ability to use an ordinary thermal cycler for PCR amplification. We describe an application to genotyping Fatty Zucker rats and validate the method against fluorogenic real-time PCR with double blind studies.
Infrared antennas and frequency-selective surfaces (2012)

Radiofrequency components such as antennas, transmission lines, phased arrays, frequency-selective surfaces,
reflectarrays and meanderline waveplates can be made to operate in the infrared using electron-beam lithography. Prof.
Wolfe’s visionary leadership in the rather unique niche of “academic infrared” has been a source of inspiration to me
throughout my career.
Estimating postvoid residual volume without measuring residual bladder volume during serial cystometrograms (2016)

The postvoid residual volume (PVR) is a common urodynamic parameter used to quantify the severity of lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, the serial cystometrograms that are typically used to assess bladder function in animal models make measuring PVR very difficult. Current approaches are to either remove PVR after each void to measure it, which is disruptive to the bladder, or to neglect the unknown contribution to PVR from ureter flow, which results in inaccurate estimates. We propose a procedure to estimate PVR during a serial cystometrogram that requires only a single measurement, rather than measuring after each void. Moreover, this measurement can occur at the end of the experiment such that it does not affect the bladder during data collection. We mathematically express PVR for all voids during a serial cystometrogram using a linear recurrence equation and use this equation to build an estimation procedure for PVR. Using in vivo measurements in urethane anesthetized rats and computer simulations we show that the estimation procedure is at least as accurate in determining PVR as the traditional method of measuring PVR after each void. Furthermore, we demonstrate the adverse effects of repeated PVR measurements in a common animal model of cystitis. Using the proposed procedure can increase the efficiency and accuracy of determining PVR for a serial cystometrogram and is less disruptive to the system under study. This, in turn, allows the calculation of other urodynamic parameters that are critical for research studies, including voiding efficiency and bladder capacity.
HDAC3 Regulates Gingival Fibroblast Inflammatory Responses in Periodontitis (2019)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important regulators of gene expression that are aberrantly regulated in several inflammatory and infectious diseases. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) suppress inflammatory activation of various cell types through epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms, and ameliorate pathology in a mouse model of periodontitis. Activation of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) significantly contributes to the development of periodontitis and the anaerobic bacterium <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> plays a key role in driving chronic inflammation. Here, we analyzed the role of HDACs in inflammatory responses of GFs. Pan-HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and/or ITF2357 (givinostat) significantly reduced TNFα- and <i>P. gingivalis</i>-inducible expression and/or production of a cluster of inflammatory mediators in healthy donor GFs (<i>IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, COX2</i>, and <i>MMP3</i>) without affecting cell viability. Selective inhibition of HDAC3/6, but not specific HDAC1, HDAC6, or HDAC8 inhibition, reproduced the suppressive effects of pan-HDACi on the inflammatory gene expression profile induced by TNFα and <i>P. gingivalis</i>, suggesting a critical role for HDAC3 in GF inflammatory activation. Consistently, silencing of HDAC3 expression with siRNA largely recapitulated the effects of HDAC3/6i on mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators in <i>P. gingivalis</i>-infected GFs. In contrast, <i>P. gingivalis</i> internalization and intracellular survival in GFs remained unaffected by HDACi. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFκB signaling was unaffected by global or HDAC3/6-selective HDACi, and new protein synthesis was not required for gene suppression by HDACi. Finally, pan-HDACi and HDAC3/6i suppressed <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced expression of <i>IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, MMP1</i>, and <i>MMP3</i> in GFs from patients with periodontitis. Our results identify HDAC3 as an important regulator of inflammatory gene expression in GFs and suggest that therapeutic targeting of HDAC activity, in particular HDAC3, may be clinically beneficial in suppressing inflammation in periodontal disease.
Azimuthally Differential Pion Femtoscopy in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76  TeV (2017)

We present the first azimuthally differential measurements of the pion source size relative to the second harmonic event plane in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV. The measurements have been performed in the centrality range 0%-50% and for pion pair transverse momenta 0.2<k_{T}<0.7 GeV/c. We find that the R_{side} and R_{out} radii, which characterize the pion source size in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the pion transverse momentum, oscillate out of phase, similar to what was observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The final-state source eccentricity, estimated via R_{side} oscillations, is found to be significantly smaller than the initial-state source eccentricity, but remains positive-indicating that even after a stronger expansion in the in-plane direction, the pion source at the freeze-out is still elongated in the out-of-plane direction. The 3+1D hydrodynamic calculations are in qualitative agreement with observed centrality and transverse momentum R_{side} oscillations, but systematically underestimate the oscillation magnitude.
A 24–30-GHz 256-Element Dual-Polarized 5G Phased Array Using Fast On-Chip Beam Calculators and Magnetoelectric Dipole Antennas (2022)

We present a 24–30-GHz 256-element dual-polarization transceiver (TRX) phased array based on a 16-element beamformer integrated circuit (BF-IC), 2-element frequency conversion integrated circuit (FC-IC), liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based combiners and filters, and a tileable package with 64 embedded dual-polarized (dual-pol) antennas. The phased array presented in this work overcomes three key challenges in current 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna arrays: 1) it supports a dramatic increase in the number of supported fast-access beams; 2) it offers improved power efficiency; and 3) it provides a path to lower solution cost. 1) We enable fast switching among >30000 beams—orders of magnitude improvement over prior work—by employing an on-chip beam calculator in the BF-IC, achieving 200-ns beam setup and 8-ns over-the-air (OTA)-switching time. 2) We enable a module-level transmitter (TX) mode peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 20% using a modular architecture that preserves power amplifier (PA) linearity and efficiency as well as receiver (RX) mode low noise amplifier (LNA) noise figure (NF). The module achieves Psat effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of 68.5 dBm and BF-IC NF < 3.9 dB. 3) We lower the solution cost by enabling a wider steering range to reduce the number of phased arrays required in a sectorized coverage scheme, by reducing the IC and package area, and by avoiding calibration. The wider steering range is enabled by using an in-package magnetoelectric dipole antenna (for the first time in silicon-based phased arrays), resulting in steering over ±70° in H- and V-pol in both E- and H-planes without requiring any calibration. Moreover, the module achieves >20-dB cross-polarization isolation across the entire ±70° beam steering range.
Development of Phage Lysins as Novel Therapeutics: A Historical Perspective (2018)

Bacteriophage lysins and related bacteriolytic enzymes are now considered among the top antibiotic alternatives for solving the mounting resistance problem. Over the past 17 years, lysins have been widely developed against Gram-positive and recently Gram-negative pathogens, and successfully tested in a variety of animal models to demonstrate their efficacy. A lysin (CF-301) directed to methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) has effectively completed phase 1 human clinical trials, showing safety in this novel therapeutic class. To validate efficacy, CF-301 is currently the first lysin to enter phase 2 human trials to treat hospitalized patients with MRSA bacteremia or endocarditis. If successful, it could be the defining moment leading to the acceptance of lysins as an alternative to small molecule antibiotics. This article is a detailed account of events leading to the first therapeutic use and ultimate development of phage-encoded lysins as novel anti-infectives.
The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformansintracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes (2009)

Similarities between mouse and human cells support the suitability of mouse cells for the study of intracellular pathogenesis mechanisms. Given that these hosts diverged over 70 million years ago, the similar pathogenic strategies for C. neoformans in murine and human cells supports the hypothesis that the mechanism that underlies the mammalian intracellular pathogenesis of C. neoformans originated from interactions with a third host, possibly soil amoeboid predators, before the mammalian radiation.
Telecommunications standards: Part II [Guest Editorial] (2013)

Telecommunications is driving what is perhaps the most significant social revolution that mankind has ever known, changing the way people live, work, interact, and socialize. Telecommunications has been thus attracting ever increasing attention from researchers in both academia and industry. Although both communities have made great achievements and outstanding contributions to communications, these two domains are frequently unaware of the capacities, expertise, and challenges faced by the other.
Graph Size Estimation (2012)

Many online networks are not fully known and are often studied via sampling. Random Walk (RW) based techniques are the current state-of-the-art for estimating nodal attributes and local graph properties, but estimating global properties remains a challenge. In this paper, we are interested in a fundamental property of this type - the graph size N, i.e., the number of its nodes. Existing methods for estimating N are (i) inefficient and (ii) cannot be easily used with RW sampling due to dependence between successive samples. In this paper, we address both problems. First, we propose IE (Induced Edges), an efficient technique for estimating N from an independence sample of graph's nodes. IE exploits the edges induced on the sampled nodes. Second, we introduce SafetyMargin, a method that corrects estimators for dependence in RW samples. Finally, we combine these two stand-alone techniques to obtain a RW-based graph size estimator. We evaluate our approach in simulations on a wide range of real-life topologies, and on several samples of Facebook. IE with SafetyMargin typically requires at least 10 times fewer samples than the state-of-the-art techniques (over 100 times in the case of Facebook) for the same estimation error.