gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A silicon-nanowire memory driven by optical gradient force induced bistability (2015)

In this paper, a bistable optical-driven silicon-nanowire memory is demonstrated, which employs ring resonator to generate optical gradient force over a doubly clamped silicon-nanowire. Two stable deformation positions of a doubly clamped silicon-nanowire represent two memory states (“0” and “1”) and can be set/reset by modulating the light intensity (&amp;lt;3 mW) based on the optical force induced bistability. The time response of the optical-driven memory is less than 250 ns. It has applications in the fields of all optical communication, quantum computing, and optomechanical circuits.
Perovskite-type cobalt oxide at the multiferroic Co/Pb Zr$_{0.2}$Ti$_{0.8}$O$_{3}$ interface (2020)

Magnetic Tunnel Junctions whose basic element consists of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by an insulating non-magnetic barrier have become intensely studied and used in non-volatile spintronic devices. Since ballistic tunnel of spin-polarized electrons sensitively depends on the chemical composition and the atomic geometry of the lead/barrier interfaces their proper design is a key issue for achieving the required functionality of the devices such as e.g. a high tunnel magneto resistance. An important leap in the development of novel spintronic devices is to replace the insulating barrier by a ferroelectric which adds new additional functionality induced by the polarization direction in the barrier giving rise to the tunnel electro resistance (TER). The multiferroic tunnel junction Co/PbZr$_{0.2}$Ti$_{0.8}$O$_{3}$/La$_{2/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$ (Co/PZT/LSMO) represents an archetype system for which - despite intense studies - no consensus exists for the interface geometry and their effect on transport properties. Here we provide the first analysis of the Co/PZT interface at the atomic scale using complementary techniques, namely x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure in combination with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ab-initio calculations. The Co/PZT interface consists of one perovskite-type cobalt oxide unit cell [CoO$_{2}$/CoO/Ti(Zr)O$_{2}$] on which a locally ordered cobalt film grows. Magnetic moments (m) of cobalt lie in the range between m=2.3 and m=2.7$μ_{B}$, while for the interfacial titanium atoms they are small (m=+0.005 $μ_{B}$) and parallel to cobalt which is attributed to the presence of the cobalt-oxide interface layers. These insights into the atomistic relation between interface and magnetic properties is expected to pave the way for future high TER devices.
Further insights on the high–low spin interconversion in nickel(ii) tetramine complexes. Solvent and temperature effects (2004)

The spin interconversion equilibrium involving the [Ni(II)(cyclam)]2+ complex has been investigated in a variety of polar solvents, at varying temperatures. The greater the donor tendencies of the solvent, the higher the endothermicity of the high-to-low-spin conversion. In particular, a positive linear relationship exists between DeltaHdegrees and Gutmann's Donor Number (DN). In the same way, higher donor tendencies of the solvent favour the occurrence of the Ni(II)-to-Ni(III) oxidation process and negative linear relationship has been found between the E1/2(Ni(III)/Ni(II)) and DN. General behaviour is related to the intensity of the metal-solvent axial bonds in the octahedrally elongated cyclam complexes (of both Ni(II) and Ni(III)).
Theoretical studies of medium effects on conformational equilibria (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical studies of medium effects on conformational equilibriaWilliam L. JorgensenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 26, 5304–5314Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150644a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j150644a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views684Altmetric-Citations209LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Macromolecular proton fraction mapping based on spin‐lock magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

A novel MPF imaging method based on spin-lock MRI is proposed. The confounding factors are removed, and the measurement is specific to the MT effect. It holds promise for MPF-sensitive diagnostic imaging in clinical settings.
Meta-Reinforcement Learning for the Tuning of PI Controllers: An Offline Approach (2022)

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which trains neural network models to synthesize a wide variety of data in order to rapidly solve new problems. In process control, many systems have similar and well-understood dynamics, which suggests it is feasible to create a generalizable controller through meta-learning. In this work, we formulate a meta reinforcement learning (meta-RL) control strategy that can be used to tune proportional--integral controllers. Our meta-RL agent has a recurrent structure that accumulates "context" to learn a system's dynamics through a hidden state variable in closed-loop. This architecture enables the agent to automatically adapt to changes in the process dynamics. In tests reported here, the meta-RL agent was trained entirely offline on first order plus time delay systems, and produced excellent results on novel systems drawn from the same distribution of process dynamics used for training. A key design element is the ability to leverage model-based information offline during training in simulated environments while maintaining a model-free policy structure for interacting with novel processes where there is uncertainty regarding the true process dynamics. Meta-learning is a promising approach for constructing sample-efficient intelligent controllers.
[Simultaneous urodynamic and electromyographic micturition studies]. (1982)

The clinical significance of micturition investigations is to be seen not only in the quantification of urethral obstructions e.g. after operations for stress incontinence. Such measurements in fact give information on very different forms of voiding dysfunctions with and without morphological substrates. Simultaneous EMG measurements permit further differentiation, especially in the case of purely functional neurogenic or mitigated neurogenic voiding dysfunctions.
Strict and vague interpretation of XML-retrieval queries (2006)

Structural hints in XML-retrieval queries can be used to specify both the granularity of the search result (the target element) and where in a document to search (support elements). These hints might be interpreted either strictly or vaguely, but does it matter if an XML search engine interprets these in one way and the user in another? The performance of all runs submitted to INEX 2005 content and structure (CAS) tasks were measured for each of four different interpretations of CAS. Runs that perform well for one interpretation of target elements do so regardless of the interpretation of support elements; but how to interpret the target element does matter. This suggests that to perform well on all CAS queries it is necessary to know how the target structure specification should be interpreted. We extend the NEXI query language to include this, and hypothesize that using this will increase the overall performance of search engines.
TRPA1 Agonist Cinnamaldehyde Decreases Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells More Potently than the Non-agonist Structural Analog Cinnamyl Isobutyrate (2020)

The cinnamon-derived bioactive aroma compound cinnamaldehyde (CAL) has been identified as a promising antiobesity agent, inhibiting adipogenesis and decreasing lipid accumulation in vitro as well as in animal models. Here, we investigated the antiadipogenic effect of cinnamyl isobutyrate (CIB), another cinnamon-derived aroma compound, in comparison to CAL in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. In a concentration of 30 μM, CIB reduced triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by 21.4 ± 2.56 and 20.7 ± 2.05%, respectively. CAL (30 μM), in comparison, decreased TG accumulation by 37.5 ± 1.81% and PL accumulation by 28.7 ± 1.83%, revealing the aldehyde to be the more potent antiadipogenic compound. The CIB- and CAL-mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation was accompanied by downregulation of essential adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ on gene and protein levels, pointing to a compound-modulated effect on adipogenic signaling cascades. Coincubation experiments applying the TRPA-1 inhibitor AP-18 demonstrated TRPA1 dependency of the CAL, but not the CIB-induced antiadipogenic effect.
Probing the Pharmacophore of Ginkgolides as Glycine Receptor Antagonists (2007)

Ginkgolides are antagonists of the inhibitory ligand-gated ion channels for the neurotransmitters glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In this study the ginkgolide structure was modified in order to investigate the minimum structural requirements for glycine receptor antagonism. The five native ginkgolides and a series of 29 ginkgolide derivatives were characterized at the three glycine receptor subtypes alpha1, alpha1beta, and alpha2, which revealed that only minor changes in the ginkgolide skeleton were allowed for maintaining glycine receptor antagonism. A pharmacophore model was generated and applied in a virtual screening of a compound database (300000 compounds), resulting in the identification of 31 hits. Twenty-seven of these hits were screened for biological activity, but none displayed antagonist activity at the glycine receptors. This strongly suggests the importance of other pharmacophore components in the binding of ginkgolides to glycine receptors, and we propose that the structural rigidity of the ginkgolide molecule may be crucial for its glycine receptor activity.
Tubulin inhibitors as novel anticancer agents: an overview on patents (2013-2018) (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: About 20 patents have been published from 2013 to 2018 for developing advanced cancer therapeutics by targeting tubulin polymerization. Currently, there are several tubulin inhibitors that are in the drug development pipeline for various cancers alone or in combination including antibody-conjugated drugs (ACDs). <b>Areas covered</b>: Important patents focusing on the development of tubulin inhibitors published from 2013 to 2018 are covered. This review mainly focuses on the tubulin inhibitors that are being synthesized and studied in cancer research along with their structures and their phases of development in preclinical and clinical research. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Regulation of microtubules is important for cell division, cell motility, intracellular transport, and cell shape maintenance. Modulating its activity proved to be very effective in various diseases including different types of cancers. Microtubules are composed of two units, namely, alpha and beta-tubulin, and modifications at these ends affect both its functions and dynamics. A number of compounds that have been designed and synthesized bearing various heterocyclic scaffolds have been proven to modulate its activity and have emerged as potent tubulin inhibitors. This encourages more to study microtubules in order to find a variety of novel, potent compounds as anticancer drugs.
Applying a patient-specific bio-mathematical model of glioma growth to develop virtual [18F]-FMISO-PET images (2011)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a class of primary brain tumours characterized by their ability to rapidly proliferate and diffusely infiltrate surrounding brain tissue. The aggressive growth of GBM leads to the development of regions of low oxygenation (hypoxia), which can be clinically assessed through [18F]-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Building upon the success of our previous mathematical modelling efforts, we have expanded our model to include the tumour microenvironment, specifically incorporating hypoxia, necrosis and angiogenesis. A pharmacokinetic model for the FMISO-PET tracer is applied at each spatial location throughout the brain and an analytical simulator for the image acquisition and reconstruction methods is applied to the resultant tracer activity map. The combination of our anatomical model with one for FMISO tracer dynamics and PET image reconstruction is able to produce a patient-specific virtual PET image that reproduces the image characteristics of the clinical PET scan as well as shows no statistical difference in the distribution of hypoxia within the tumour. This work establishes proof of principle for a link between anatomical (magnetic resonance image [MRI]) and molecular (PET) imaging on a patient-specific basis as well as address otherwise untenable questions in molecular imaging, such as determining the effect on tracer activity from cellular density. Although further investigation is necessary to establish the predicitve value of this technique, this unique tool provides a better dynamic understanding of the biological connection between anatomical changes seen on MRI and biochemical activity seen on PET of GBM in vivo.
Analysis on errors due to photon noise and quantization process with multiple images (2010)

In the scenes with deflective and/or reflective medium such as fogs or mirrors, where the contrast levels among the intensity values of the pixels in the image are very small, even a small estimation improvement on the intensity value of each pixel could make a big difference for the perceptual quality of the final image if we want to subtract the interference components from the original image. In this paper we analyze the average quantization error, total error and photon noise from multiple images with fixed and varied exposure time. We observe that by properly controlling and varying exposure time with multiple images, one can obtain an image with better performance than that of the conventional wisdom, where multiple images are taken repeatedly with the same exposure time.
Acylium Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A 65nm CMOS, 1.5-mm Bluetooth transceiver with integrated antenna filter for Co-existence with a WCDMA transmitter (2012)

This paper presents a fully integrated Bluetooth transceiver in a 65 nm CMOS, which occupies 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on the chip. It even integrates an antenna filter to reject blocker from the co-existing wireless system such as WCDMA and GSM. The frequency response of the antenna filter is controlled by an onchip temperature monitor. The antenna filter achieves 30 dB rejection over the entire WCDMA band-I of 1920-1980 MHz with the temperature range from -40 to 80 °C. The transceiver achieves RX sensitivity of -89.1 dBm and TX output level of +4 dBm.
Field control of the surface electroclinic effect in chiral smectic-Aliquid crystals (2004)

The surface electroclinic effect, which causes an azimuthal deviation of the layer normal from the surface rubbing direction in cells of chiral smectic- A liquid crystals, can be eliminated (and even reversed) by applying an electric field during cooling from the isotropic phase. The observed dependence of layer orientation on field strength leads to a model in which the surface electroclinic tilt results from an effective surface electric field. The experiements suggest a general method for controlling the azimuthal layer alignment of chiral smectic cells.
Ion irradiation-induced sputtering and surface modification of BN films prepared by a reactive plasma-assisted coating technique (2022)

Abstract Boron nitride (BN) films with a wide variety of nano-network structures ( sp 2 and sp 3 bonds) were prepared using a reactive plasma-assisted coating technique, and their sputtering behavior was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nanoindentation analyses confirmed the presence of sp 2 - and sp 3 -bonded phases. Subsequently, the thickness change after plasma exposure was studied for various BN films. The sputtered depth of the prepared BN films after plasma exposure was shallower than that of the SiO 2 films. While no clear change was observed in the FTIR spectra, the leakage current and dielectric constant changed significantly owing to the surface modification during plasma exposure. The modified layer underneath the sputtered surface contained local defects that acted as carrier trapping or hopping sites. Sputtering behavior analysis, in combination with electrical measurements, is a useful methodology for designing a wide variety of BN films.
Zwitterionic CRTh2 Antagonists (2011)

A novel series of zwitterions is reported that contains potent, selective antagonists of the chemoattractant receptor-homologous expressed on Th2 lymphocytes receptor (CRTh2 or DP2). A high quality lead compound 2 was discovered from virtual screening based on the pharmacophore features present in a literature compound 1. Lead optimization through side chain modification and preliminary changes around the acid are disclosed. Optimization of physicochemical properties (log D, MWt, and HBA) allowed maintenance of high CRTh2 potency while achieving low rates of metabolism and minimization of other potential concerns such as hERG channel activity and permeability. A step-change increase in potency was achieved through addition of a single methyl group onto the piperazine ring, which gave high quality compounds suitable for progression into in vivo studies.
Design and evaluation of a cellular rectifier system with distributed control (2002)

This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a six-cell, six-kilowatt cellular (parallel) rectifier system which operates at nearly unity power factor. The parallel power converter system implements both distributed load sharing and distributed ripple cancellation, eliminating the need for any centralized control. The implemented system mitigates some of the major drawbacks of its single-converter counterpart, and achieves performance levels that cannot be attained with an equivalent single converter.
Effect of Chemical addition on Production of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Odor from Anaerobically Digested Biosolids (2002)

A study was performed to determine the effect of chemical addition both pre- and post-dewatering on volatile sulfur compound (VSC) and odor production. The chemicals investigated included cationic polymer, FeCl3, calcium nitrate with anthraquinone, potassium nitrate, calcium hypochlorite, and calcium hydroxide. The chemicals were added at varying dosages. In the case of cationic polymer and FeCl3 addition, these chemicals were added in a full-scale test prior to dewatering on medium solids centrifuges. The other chemicals were added directly to the cake after dewatering. The cake samples were collected after chemical addition and 100 g of cake was stored in 750 mL PETE bottles and headspace samples were analyzed for methyl mercaptan (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). In addition, the headspace samples of the polymer dose and FeCl3 study were analyzed by an odor panel for hedonic tone and intensity. Two different biosolids cake sources were used for the experiments. Increasing polymer dose, 6.6, 8.5, and 11 g/kg dry solids (DS), resulted in the production of greater concentrations of MT and DMS and the odor panel also reported increased intensity and worse hedonic tone. The increased odors associated with the polymer dose was correlated to the amount of protein sequestered by the polymer and deposited in the cake. Protein is considered one of the main precursors for VSC production. Therefore, minimizing polymer dose will aid in reducing VSC associated odors. Addition of FeCl3 (0, 24, 63, 125 g FeCl3/kg DS) resulted in a decrease in the VSC production as well as odors measured by the odor panel. The decrease in odors was proportional with the FeCl3 dose and thought to be associated with the binding of sulfur compounds by the iron. Addition of nitrate compounds also reduced VSCs and odors, as well as calcium hydroxide and calcium hypochlorite. The results provide some preliminary information on methods to control odors in cake solids and suggest a combination of minimized polymer dose and chemical addition could be used as a control strategy for odor production. Additional research is needed to further exam these effects as well as develop cost data to determine the economic feasibility of these treatments.
Polymer composite with micro- and nanocellulose for artwork protection and restoration (2014)

Micro- and nanocomposites were prepared using Aquazol® 500 as a polymeric matrix and a microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), as reinforcing agents. After a preliminary thermo-mechanical characterization that highlighted a stabilizing effect due to the micro- and nanofiller introduction, with an increase of the elastic modulus and a decrease of the thermal expansion coefficient and the creep compliance [1], these materials were applied as canvas lining adhesives. Single-lap shear tests both in quasi-static and creep conditions confirmed the dimensional stability provided by cellulose micro- and nanoparticles, with an important reduction of the adhesives compliance proportional to the filler content. Interestingly, MCC and CNC introduction did not impair the fracture behavior of the neat matrix.