gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically Transparent Antennas: A Review of the State-of-the-Art, Innovative Solutions and Future Trends (2022)

The requirement of mounting several access points and base stations is increasing tremendously due to recent advancements and the need for high-data-rate communication services of 5G and 6G wireless communication systems. In the near future, the enormous number of these access points might cause a mess. In such cases, an optically transparent antenna (OTA) is the best option for making the environment more appealing and pleasant. OTAs provide the possible solution as these maintain the device aesthetics to achieve transparency as well as fulfill the basic coverage and bandwidth requirements. Various attempts have been made to design OTAs to provide coverage for wireless communication, particularly for the dead zones. These antennas can be installed on building windows, car windscreens, towers, trees, and smart windows, which enables network access for vehicles and people passing by those locations. Several transparent materials and techniques are used for transparent antenna design. Thin-film and mesh-grid techniques are very popular to transform metallic parts of the antenna into a transparent material. In this article, a comprehensive review of both the techniques used for the design of OTAs is presented. The performance comparison of OTAs on the basis of bandwidth, gain, transparency, transmittance, and efficiency is also presented. An OTA is the best choice in these situations to improve the aesthetics and comfort of the surroundings with high antenna performance.
Feature and model type selection using multi-objective optimization for AutoML (2016)

Automatic identification of relevant features, appropriate model types and their optimal parameters are three fundamental concepts of AutoML.We present a multi-objective method for performing these three tasks, and illustrate its performance on a 30 dimensional data set.
Measurement of rotavirus antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blocking assay (1978)

A new method for the measurement of rotavirus antibody is described, utilizing the system of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this method, serum is incubated with a fixed amount of rotavirus antigen, and the amount of antibody is determined by measuring the amount of unneutralized antigen. Such an assay system proved to be as efficient as the other available rotaviral antibody systems. The ELISA blocking assay also has the advantages of not requiring purified or gnotobiotic antigen and of being able to measure rotaviral antibody in all animal species.
Analysis of spontaneous calcium signals to infer functional connectivity within a novel “living electrode” neural construct (2016)

Micro-Tissue Engineered Neural Networks (uTENNs) are novel, living, neural constructs, designed to be implanted into the central nervous system (CNS) to treat neurological disease and injury. Each uTENN is a implantable self-assembly of seeded neurons in three dimensional, micro-column hydrogel scaffolds. uTENNs can be a new strategy to facilitate nervous system repair. With an externalized pole positioned under optoelectronic arrays at the cortical surface, the uTENN functions as a “living electrode” with its neurons forming synapses in the surrounding host brain to modulate activity.
Application of microfluidic technology in food processing (2020)

Microfluidic technology is interdisciplinary with a diversity of applications including in food processing. The rapidly growing global population demands more advanced technologies in food processing to produce more functional and safer food, and for such processing microfluidic devices are a popular choice. This review critically critiques the state-of-the-art designs of microfluidic devices and their applications in food processing, and identifies the key research trends and future research directions for maximizing the value of microfluidic technology. Capillary, planar, and terrace droplet generation systems are currently used in the design of microfluidic devices, each with their strengths and weaknesses as applied in food processing, for emulsification, food safety measurements, and bioactive compound extraction. Conventional channel-based microfluidic devices are prone to clogging, and have high labor costs and low productivity, and their "directional pressure" restricts scaling-up capabilities. These disadvantages can be overcome by using "inside-out centrifugal force" and the new generation continuous flow thin-film microfluidic Vortex Fluidic Device (VFD) which facilitates translating laboratory processing into commercial products. Also highlighted is controlling protein-polysaccharide interactions and the applications of the produced ingredients in food formulations as targets for future development in the field.
Malleable Endoscope Increases Surgical Freedom Compared With a Rigid Endoscope in Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Parasellar Region (2014)

This study demonstrates that application of a malleable endoscope to transsphenoidal approaches to the parasellar region decreases instrument-endoscope conflict and improves surgical freedom.
IC‐P‐071: Cholinergic and Neuropsychological Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2010)

[11C]N-methyl-4-piperidyl acetate ([11C]MP4A) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for in vivo imaging of cerebral acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. Evidence for cholinergic dysfunction in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is inconclusive, and human studies of the relationship of cholinergic function with neuropsychological performance in vivo are rare. We included 21 healthy controls, 20 MCI and 15 mild AD patients. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to indicate the general cognitive function and to define performance of verbal and non-verbal memory, language, executive function and visuoconstructive abilities. [11C]-MP4A PET was applied in all subjects, parametric images of tracer hydrolysis rate constant k3 were generated and analysed using standard atlas regions. After principal component analysis (PCA) of k3 values correlational analysis with neuropsychological test results was performed. The mean global k3 values of MCI (0.076 ± 0.011 min-1) and AD patients (0.066 ± 0.009 min-1) were significantly lower than that of controls (0.084 ± 0.006 min-1) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) with the temporal regions showing the strongest decline in both patient groups. PCA revealed three main components representing frontal and parietal regions (PC1), temporal regions (PC2) and hippocampus and amygdala (PC3). PC 2 could separate all three diagnostic groups. Significant correlations in the whole group between PC2 and neuropsychological performances were found, most strongly with impaired verbal and visual memory function as well as impaired working memory, but also with deficient visuo-spatial and executive functions. The association of verbal and non-verbal memory with the “temporal” PC 2 was confirmed in MCI patients. This is in line with neuropathological studies showing the greatest and most consistent loss of cholinergic neurons in AD in the posterior part of the nucleus basalis Meynert (nbM-Ch4p), which primarily sends cholinergic projections to the temporal cortex (Geula and Mesulam, 1999). Cholinergic dysfunction in the temporal lobe is an early hallmark in MCI and mild AD and it is associated with impaired neuropsychological function.
Improvement of the Pump Recycling Ratio of Turbo Cladding Pumped MC-EDFA with Paired Spatial Pump Combiner and Splitter (2019)

We used paired prototypes of spatial pump combiner and splitter to improve the pump recycling ratio of turbo cladding pumped MC-EDFA from 12% to 42%. This enables a potential 1.2dB improvement of the optical gain.
SEARCH IN SENS OR NETWORKS: CHALLENGE S, TECHNIQUES, AND APPLICATI ONS (2002)

Recently embedded wireless sensor networks (EWSN) have emerged as a solution to bridge the gap between the physical (and chemical and biological) world and the information world of the Internet. Deployment and effective use of EWSN posses numerous conceptual and technological challenges. In particular, there is a genuine need for the coordinated use of techniques from a variety of scientific and engineering fields, including DSP, computer science, information theory, communication, and applied mathematics.
MKK6 binds and regulates expression of Parkinson’s disease‐related protein LRRK2 (2010)

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are prevalent causes of late-onset Parkinson's disease. Here, we show that LRRK2 binds to MAPK kinases (MKK) 3, 6, and 7, and that LRRK2 is able to phosphorylate MKK3, 6 and 7. Over-expression of LRRK2 and MKK6 increased the steady state levels of each protein beyond that observed with over-expression of either protein alone. Co-expression increased levels of MKK6 in the membrane more than in the cytoplasm. The increased expression of LRRK2 and MKK6 requires MKK6 activity. The disease-linked LRRK2 mutations, G2019S, R1441C and I2020T, enhance binding of LRRK2 to MKK6. This interaction was further supported by in vivo studies in C. elegans. RNAi knockdown in C. elegans of the endogenous orthologs for MKK6 or p38, sek-1 and pmk-1, abolishes LRRK2-mediated protection against mitochondrial stress. These results were confirmed by deletion of sek-1 in C. elegans. These data demonstrate that MKKs and LRRK2 function in similar biological pathways, and support a role for LRRK2 in modulating the cellular stress response.
Amplitude modulations increase annoyance due to wind turbine noise immission (2021)

Current literature suggests that annoyance of wind turbine noise is strongly affected by amplitude modulations (AM). A survey was carried out at five German residential study sites near wind turbines with a total of about 500 residents to study the effects of AM in more detail. Annoyance, disturbances, and the perception of wind turbine noise characteristics, including AM, were assessed. For each participant, address-related exposure to rating levels of wind turbines was estimated. Further, we carried out headphone-based listening experiments with participants from three of the five study areas and with non-exposed participants from another 'control' location. In the listening experiments, perceived annoyance was rated for varying AM and for different A-weighted sound pressure levels for a total number of 79 subjects. As expected, the results show an increase in annoyance with sound pressure level. Furthermore, annoyance increased significantly with the extent of amplitude modulations. Interestingly, annoyance showed a strong rise as soon as amplitude modulations became audible in the signal and this rise was hardly affected by the sound pressure level. In our contribution, we present comparisons of the results of the survey and the listening experiments.
Two-colour normal-incidence absorption of n-type quantum wells (1997)

In n-type step quantum wells composed of indirect-gap semiconductor material, the optical transitions that are forbidden in commonly used GaAs/GaAlAs square quantum wells are allowed. The oscillator strengths of intersubband transitions from the ground state to the second and the third excited states for normal-incidence absorption in n-type (0.2<x<0.55) step quantum wells are discussed theoretically. This research makes it possible to provide a new kind of two-colour infrared detector in the case of normal-incidence.
Star-shaped hole transport materials with indeno[1,2-b] thiophene or fluorene on a triazine core for efficient perovskite solar cells (2015)

New star-shaped hole transport materials including a 1,3,5-triazine core have been successfully synthesized and investigated for high performance perovskite solar cells.
Photodiode Circuits for Retinal Prostheses (2011)

Photodiode circuits show promise for the development of high-resolution retinal prostheses. While several of these systems have been constructed and some even implanted in humans, existing descriptions of the complex optoelectronic interaction between light, photodiode, and the electrode/electrolyte load are limited. This study examines this interaction in depth with theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Actively biased photoconductive and passive photovoltaic circuits are investigated, with the photovoltaic circuits consisting of one or more diodes connected in series, and the photoconductive circuits consisting of a single diode in series with a pulsed bias voltage. Circuit behavior and charge injection levels were markedly different for platinum and sputtered iridium-oxide film (SIROF) electrodes. Photovoltaic circuits were able to deliver 0.038 mC/cm(2) (0.75 nC/phase) per photodiode with 50- μm platinum electrodes, and 0.54-mC/cm(2) (11 nC/phase) per photodiode with 50-μ m SIROF electrodes driven with 0.5-ms pulses of light at 25 Hz. The same pulses applied to photoconductive circuits with the same electrodes were able to deliver charge injections as high as 0.38 and 7.6 mC/cm(2) (7.5 and 150 nC/phase), respectively. We demonstrate photovoltaic stimulation of rabbit retina in-vitro, with 0.5-ms pulses of 905-nm light using peak irradiance of 1 mW/mm(2). Based on the experimental data, we derive electrochemical and optical safety limits for pixel density and charge injection in various circuits. While photoconductive circuits offer smaller pixels, photovoltaic systems do not require an external bias voltage. Both classes of circuits show promise for the development of high-resolution optoelectronic retinal prostheses.
Strong coupling effects in(Nb−Al−AlOx)2-Nb stacked Josephson junctions (1998)

Stacked $({\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{O}}_{x}{)}_{2}$-Nb long Josephson junctions with very thin intermediate Nb-Al superconducting layer are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Stable coherent in-phase zero-field steps (ZFS's) are observed; both the critical current and the maximum ZFS current dependence on magnetic field are measured to prove the in-phase nature of this mode. The dependences are in good agreement with the inductive coupling model. The Swihart velocities for in-phase $({c}_{+})$ and antiphase $({c}_{\ensuremath{-}})$ modes are measured for different lengths of the stacks. In order to make a proper interpretation of the experimental results, an extension of the existing model is developed, taking into account the fact that the middle electrode consists of two different superconductors (Nb and proximized Al). A comparison of a new model with the conventional model and experimental data is made. The extended model gives the ${c}_{+}/{c}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ ratio as 30% different from what the conventional model predicts. For thin Nb and Al layers the correction factor depends only on the ratio of the magnetic field penetration depths in Nb and proximized Al.
Manipulating a “Cocaine Engram” in Mice (2014)

Experience with drugs of abuse (such as cocaine) produces powerful, long-lasting memories that may be important in the development and persistence of drug addiction. The neural mechanisms that mediate how and where these cocaine memories are encoded, consolidated and stored are unknown. Here we used conditioned place preference in mice to examine the precise neural circuits that support the memory of a cocaine-cue association (the "cocaine memory trace" or "cocaine engram"). We found that a small population of neurons (∼10%) in the lateral nucleus of amygdala (LA) were recruited at the time of cocaine-conditioning to become part of this cocaine engram. Neurons with increased levels of the transcription factor CREB were preferentially recruited or allocated to the cocaine engram. Ablating or silencing neurons overexpressing CREB (but not a similar number of random LA neurons) before testing disrupted the expression of a previously acquired cocaine memory, suggesting that neurons overexpressing CREB become a critical hub in what is likely a larger cocaine memory engram. Consistent with theories that coordinated postencoding reactivation of neurons within an engram or cell assembly is crucial for memory consolidation (Marr, 1971; Buzsáki, 1989; Wilson and McNaughton, 1994; McClelland et al., 1995; Girardeau et al., 2009; Dupret et al., 2010; Carr et al., 2011), we also found that post-training suppression, or nondiscriminate activation, of CREB overexpressing neurons impaired consolidation of the cocaine memory. These findings reveal mechanisms underlying how and where drug memories are encoded and stored in the brain and may also inform the development of treatments for drug addiction.
Biological Therapies for Cartilage Lesions in the Hip: A New Horizon (2016)

Treatment of hip cartilage disease is challenging, and there is no clear algorithm to address this entity. Biomarkers are arising as promising diagnostic tools because they could play a role in the early assessment of the prearthritic joint and as a prognostic factor before and after treatment. The potential effect of biomarkers may be used to categorize individuals at risk of evolving to severe osteoarthritis, to develop new measures for clinical progression of the disease, and to develop new treatment options for the prevention of osteoarthritis progression. A trend toward a less invasive biological treatment will usher in a new treatment era. With the growth of surgical skills in hip arthroscopy, cartilage restoration techniques are evolving in a fast and exponential manner. Biological and surgical treatments have been proposed to treat these pathologies. Biological treatments include platelet-rich plasma, stem cells or bone marrow aspirate concentration, hyaluronic acid, losartan, and fish oil. Surgical treatments include microfracture alone or augmented, direct repair, autologous chondrocyte implantation, matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, mosaicplasty, osteochondral allograft transplantation, and stem cells implanted in matrix (stem cells in membranes/expanded stem cells). This article reviews new evidence available on treatment options for chondral lesions and early osteoarthritis of the hip. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(4):e715-e723.].
Recursive least-squares adaptive channel estimation for spatial modulation systems (2009)

In this paper, a recursive least-squares (RLS) adaptive channel estimation scheme is applied for spatial modulation (SM) system over a block fading multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel. The performance of spatial modulation with channel estimation is compared to vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) and maximum ratio combining (MRC) transmission schemes for different pilot rates and a fixed 3-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency. Computer simulations carried out demonstrate the superiority of SM over V-BLAST and MRC schemes. In addition, the results in this study show that SM is more robust against channel estimation errors than the other MIMO schemes.
Positively charged cyclodextrins as effective molecular transporters of active phosphorylated forms of gemcitabine into cancer cells (2017)

Positively charged cyclodextrins (PCCDs) are molecular carriers of particular interest for their ability to readily enter into cancer cells. Of main interest, guanidino- and aminoalkyl- PCCDs can be conveniently synthesized and form stable and strong inclusion complexes with various active molecules bearing phosphate groups. We have addressed here the challenge to deliver into cancer cells phosphorylated gemcitabine drugs well known for their instability and inability to permeate cell membranes. NMR data corroborated by semiempirical theoretical calculations have shown that aminoalkyl-CDs form sufficiently stable complexes with both mono- and tri-phosphate forms of gemcitabine by simple mixing of the compounds in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Confocal microscopy and radioactivity counting experiments revealed that the developed systems enabled phosphorylated gemcitabine to penetrate efficiently into aggressive human breast cancer cells (MCF7), eventually leading to a substantial reduction of IC<sub>50</sub> values. Moreover, compared to free drugs, phosphorylated metabolites of gemcitabine encapsulated in PCCDs displayed improved in vitro activities also on the aggressive human cancer cells CCRF-CEM Ara-C/8 C, a nucleoside transport-deficient T leukemia cell line. The current study offers the proof-of-principle that phosphorylated nucleoside drugs could be efficiently transported by PCCDs into cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Stereoselection in the ortho Ester Claisen Rearrangement. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Double modulation control (DMC) for dual full bridge current flow controller (2FB-CFC) (2015)

Power flow control in multi-terminal DC grids can be accomplished through the connection in series of a controlled voltage source converter to a line. Having finite energy, the voltage source requires a means for either power recycling or additional source of power to regulate its voltage. An interline dual full bridge current flow controller (CFC) provides the capability to recycle power from one line to another through the voltage source in addition to controlling the power flow on either line. This paper proposes a control methodology that fulfils both control objectives. A double modulation controller (DMC) implements one modulating signal and two control signals to control the duty ratio of the converters simultaneously. The first control signal is proportional to the required reduction in the line current. The second control signal is implemented to regulate the voltage to either a set average value or to a value that is proportional to the amount of reduction in current.
Propagation of polarized waves through bounded composite materials (2017)

We describe a numerical model, based on a Monte Carlo algorithm, to calculate the propagation of polarized waves through highly scattering microstructured materials, and to properly account for the effect of both loss and boundaries. As an example, we investigate the impact of a strongly scattering object of air-polymer composite material on a broadband collimated source. We also calculate the depolarization of linearly polarized and circularly polarized waves escaping from the sample boundaries, especially at large scattering angles, and we show how boundaries can modify the distribution and the polarization of the scattered waves propagating out of the sample.