gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unified Approach for Energy Detection of Unknown Deterministic Signal in Cognitive Radio Over Fading Channels (2009)

Detection of an unknown deterministic signal by using an energy detector is of promising for cognitive radio networks. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to analyze the performance of the energy detector. It is based on the contour integral representation of the Marcum-Q function and the use of the moment generating function (MGF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A new decision variable is constructed for the case of maximal ratio combining (MRC) reception. With its help and the MGF based approach, the performance of the MRC energy detector over i.i.d. Rician fading channels is analyzed. This case is intractable with the conventional probability density function (PDF) based approach. Further the detection probability of MRC combined energy detector over Nakagami-m fading branches is derived. The simulation results are presented to support the developed MGF based method, decision variable formulation and derivations. The detector performance is evaluated over different fading and diversity parameters with the help of numerical and simulation examples.
Potassium Naphthalenide (2001)

[4216-48-2] C10H8K (MW 167.28) InChI = 1S/C10H8.K/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1;/h1-8H;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = WZJTVBKTNQBSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (functions as a base in the α-alkylation of γ- and δ-lactones;1 deprotonates β-lactones to provide α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters;1 reductively cleaves O,S-acetals2 and alkyl halides3, 4) Solubility: sol THF, DME. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 39K NMR (0.2 M THF, 20 °C) 20 ppm. Preparative Method: a 1.0 M solution of the reagent is prepared by adding Potassium metal (1.0 equiv) to a solution of naphthalene (1.0 equiv) in THF (or DME) under an argon atmosphere. The mixture is stirred until all of the potassium metal has dissolved (ca. 2 h). The resulting solution exhibits the characteristic dark green color of the radical anion.5 Potassium is an extremely flammable solid and should always be handled with care under an argon atmosphere. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: both air and moisture sensitive. Stock solutions of the reagent are flammable and should be handled under an inert atmosphere.
Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like tin oxide/graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors (2015)

SnO<sub>2</sub>/graphene nanocomposites showed excellent capacitance with a capacitance retention of 92.6% even after 10 000 continuous charge/discharge cycles.
CTLA-4 blockade by ipilimumab induces robust SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation following DNA vaccination (2007)

C273 A major challenge in the development of an effective vaccine for tumors and HIV is to stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity while maintaining a high level of safety. Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4, CD152), a key negative regulator of T-cell responses. Ipilimumab is currently under development for the treatment and management of subjects with cancer. Ipilimumab effectively blocks CTLA-4 signaling by interfering with the binding of CTLA-4 with CD80 and CD86, thereby potentiating antigen-specific T-cell responses. CTLA-4 blockade by ipilimumab is an attractive approach to enhance immune responses to DNA vaccination due to its proven role in the development and maintenance of T-cell immune responses. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of ipilimumab (10 mg/kg. i.v.) to augment cellular immunity following poly-optimized intramuscular SIV DNA immunization in non-human primates (NHP) using CFSE dilution assays and ELISpot assays. Following 3 SIV DNA vaccinations, ipilimumab nearly doubled the CD8+ T cell proliferative response from an average of 30% proliferating CD8+ T cells to an average of 55% proliferating CD8+ T cells as determined by CFSE dilution assays. Conversely, there was no enhancement in the number of IFN-γ-secreting cells per million PBMCs observed in monkeys receiving ipilimumab + DNA vaccines vs DNA vaccines alone. The increase in proliferation without an apparent increase in IFN-γ production suggests the administration of blocking CTLA-4 antibodies may have altered the functional phenotype of responding cells. In fact, following 3 proliferation cycles, an increase in IFN-γ secretion was detected in monkeys that received ipilimumab+DNA vaccines compared with control monkeys treated with DNA vaccines alone. These data demonstrate the ability of ipilimumab to enhance and modify cellular immunity following DNA vaccination in NHPs. This is the first study examining vaccine-induced cellular immune responses in the presence of blocking CTLA-4 antibodies in NHPs.
Defining An Expanded RAS Conformational Landscape Based on Over 700 Experimentally Determined Structures of KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS (2022)

ABSTRACT For many human cancers and tumor-associated diseases, mutations in the RAS isoforms (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) are the most common oncogenic alterations, making these proteins high-priority therapeutic targets. Effectively targeting the RAS isoforms requires an exact understanding of their active, inactive, and druggable conformations. However, there is no structure-guided catalogue of RAS conformations to guide therapeutic targeting or examining the structural impact of RAS mutations. We present an expanded classification of RAS conformations based on analyzing their catalytic switch 1 (SW1) and switch 2 (SW2) loops. From all 721 available human KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (206 RAS-protein complexes, 190 inhibitor-bound, and 325 unbound, including 204 WT and 517 mutated structures), we created a broad conformational classification based on the spatial positions of residue Y32 in SW1 and residue Y71 in SW2. Subsequently, we defined additional conformational subsets (some previously undescribed) by clustering all well modeled SW1 and SW2 loops using a density-based machine learning algorithm with a backbone dihedral-based distance metric. In all, we identified three SW1 conformations and nine SW2 conformations, each which are associated with different nucleotide states (GTP-bound, nucleotide-free, and GDP-bound) and specific bound proteins or inhibitor sites. The GTP-bound SW1 conformation can be further subdivided based on the hydrogen (H)-bond type made between residue Y32 and the GTP γ-phosphate: water-mediated, direct, or no H-bond. Further analyzing these structures clarified the catalytic impact of the G12D and G12V RAS mutations, and the inhibitor chemistries that bind to each druggable RAS conformation. To facilitate future RAS structural analyses, we have created a web database, called Rascore, presenting an updated and searchable dataset of human KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS structures in the PDB, and which includes a page for analyzing user uploaded RAS structures by our algorithm ( http://dunbrack.fccc.edu/rascore/ ). Significance Analyzing &gt;700 experimentally determined RAS structures helped define an expanded landscape of active, inactive and druggable RAS conformations, the structural impact of common RAS mutations, and previously uncharacterized RAS-inhibitor binding modes.
4316 Evaluation of Active Suspension Performance Using a Vibration Simulator (2007)

Isolation performance of an active suspension is examined by experiments using a large-scale shaking table. The nine subjects are exposed to vibrations, which are corresponding to car body vibration of active and passive suspensions. Ride qualities of the active and the passive suspension are evaluated by the results of questionnaires and sphygmographs of the subjects. The results of questionnaires indicate the ride quality of the active suspension is significantly better than the passive, while sphygmographs show no significant difference.
Monotonically Convergent Regularization by Denoising (2022)

Regularization by denoising (RED) is a widely-used framework for solving inverse problems by leveraging image denoisers as image priors. Recent work has reported the state-of-the-art performance of RED in a number of imaging applications using pre-trained deep neural nets as denoisers. Despite the recent progress, the stable convergence of RED algorithms remains an open problem. The existing RED theory only guarantees stability for convex data-fidelity terms and nonexpansive denoisers. This work addresses this issue by developing a new monotone RED (MRED) algorithm, whose convergence does not require nonexpansiveness of the deep denoising prior. Simulations on image deblurring and compressive sensing recovery from random matrices show the stability of MRED even when the traditional RED algorithm diverges.
Intelligent Clusters and Collaborative Projector-based Displays (2003)

As computing has moved off the desktop, visualization research in interaction, computer graphics and usability has become more interdisciplinary. In this paper we focus on our work in two areas. We describe self-configurable and scalable displays using ad-hoc clusters of enhanced self-contained projector units. Then, we discuss the development of multi-user touch-sensitive screens that support collaborative applications for projector-based displays.
Extraction and characterization of gelatin from rohu (Labeo rohita) fish scale (2014)

The global market for halal food industry is growing rapidly with the main concern relies on the ingredient and processing method. Gelatin is an important ingredient in food industry which is regarded as unique among commercial hydrocolloids and serving multiple functions with a broad range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and photographic industries. Generally, commercial gelatin is derived from pig skins, cow skins and bones. However, porcine gelatin is prohibited for Jews and Muslims consumption and bovine gelatin is acceptable only if it has been prepared according to religious requirements. The incident of cow being infected with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or “mad cow disease” also urged the needs to find gelatin from alternative sources. Realizing the importance in searching alternative gelatin sources that could also meet the needs for halal requirement, this research attempts to produce halal gelatin from fish scales from Rohu fish. Rohu fish (Labeo rohita) is a tropical freshwater fish belongs to the carp family and has a thick scales which can be utilized as alternative source of gelatin. In this study, gelatin was extracted from rohu fish (Labeo rohita) scales by two different pretreatment methods, i.e with acid and alkaline. The gelatin obtained were evaluated in terms of yield and its physicochemical properties such as gel strength, viscosity, color, gelling and melting temperatures and other relevant functional properties.
Modeling the Clinical Phenotype of BTK Inhibition in the Mature Murine Immune System (2014)

Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) possess much promise for the treatment of oncologic and autoimmune indications. However, our current knowledge of the role of BTK in immune competence has been gathered in the context of genetic inactivation of btk in both mice and man. Using the novel BTK inhibitor PF-303, we model the clinical phenotype of BTK inhibition by systematically examining the impact of PF-303 on the mature immune system in mice. We implicate BTK in tonic BCR signaling, demonstrate dependence of the T3 B cell subset and IgM surface expression on BTK activity, and find that B1 cells survive and function independently of BTK. Although BTK inhibition does not impact humoral memory survival, Ag-driven clonal expansion of memory B cells and Ab-secreting cell generation are inhibited. These data define the role of BTK in the mature immune system and mechanistically predict the clinical phenotype of chronic BTK inhibition.
Injectable Non-resorbable Ceramics for Stabilisation of Vertebral Compression Fractures (2008)

In this thesis different aspects of calcium-aluminate (CA) as biomaterial are presented. Calcium aluminate is a chemically bonded ceramic with inherent properties making it suitable for use as biomaterial in some applications. In this thesis the emphasis is put on the basic chemical, physical and mechanical properties that may be achieved using the CA system as well as synthesis of the CA raw material. The basis for using CA in any application is the synthesis of the raw material. Different synthesis routes for producing CA are presented with focus on high temperature routes and the micro-structural and phase development during synthesis. As a base for further understanding of the CA properties a thorough outline of the reaction chemistry for CA is presented also including a description of how the reactions may be controlled and how formulations can be designed. The surface reactions of CA when subjected to simulated body fluid showed that CA is in vitro bioactive. An in vivo study in teeth also indicates that CA produces apatite at the tooth material interface. Dental materials are subjected to a harsh environment in the mouth with high mechanical forces, erosion and thermal changes. Also the demands on precise handling characteristics are high. For these reasons the in vitro evaluation of physical and mechanical properties are important. In this work several mechanical and physical properties of Ca-based formulations for dental applications has been tested using different methods. Some attention is also put on the specific characteristics of CA and the difficulties that arise when new material classes needs to be tested according to consensus standard methods. Finally studies on a CA-based formulation intended for Vertebroplasty is presented. The studies include basic mechanical properties as well as testing the material in an in vitro model utilising synthetic cancellous bone.
Optimizing the salt-induced activation of enzymes in organic solvents: Effects of lyophilization time and water content (1999)

The addition of simple inorganic salts to aqueous enzyme solutions prior to lyophilization results in a dramatic activation of the dried powder in organic media relative to enzyme with no added salt. Activation of both the serine protease subtilisin Carlsberg and lipase from Mucor javanicus resulting from lyophilization in the presence of KCl was highly sensitive to the lyophilization time and water content of the sample. Specifically, for a preparation containing 98% (w/w) KCl, 1% (w/w) phosphate buffer, and 1% (w/w) enzyme, varying the lyophilization time showed a direct correlation between water content and activity up to an optimum, beyond which the activity decreased with increasing lyophilization time. The catalytic efficiency in hexane varied as much as 13-fold for subtilisin Carlsberg and 11-fold for lipase depending on the lyophilization time. This dependence was apparently a consequence of including the salt, as a similar result was not observed for the enzyme freeze-dried without KCl. In the case of subtilisin Carlsberg, the salt-induced optimum value of kcat/Km for transesterification in hexane was over 20,000-fold higher than that for salt-free enzyme, a substantial improvement over the previously reported enhancement of 3750-fold (Khmelnitsky, 1994). As was found previously for pure enzyme, the salt-activated enzyme exhibited greatest activity when lyophilized from a solution of pH equal to the pH for optimal activity in water. The active-site content of the lyophilized enzyme samples also depended upon lyophilization time and inclusion of salt, with opposite trends in this dependence observed for the solvents hexane and tetrahydrofuran. Finally, substrate selectivity experiments suggested that mechanism(s) other than selective partitioning of substrate into the enzyme-salt matrix are responsible for salt-induced activation of enzymes in organic solvents.
W-band transmitter and receiver modules for 10-Gb/s impulse radio (2009)

Using InP HEMT technologies, we developed transmitter and receiver modules based on impulse radio (IR) architecture that are capable of 10-Gb/s data transmission in W-band frequencies. The new modules achieve ON/OFF keying modulation without using local oscillators, mixers, or other components that had been needed in previous millimeter-band modules. The transmitter, consisting of a 6.5-ps pulse modulator and a band-pass filter with 5-stage microstrip coupled lines, emits wavelets, or RF pulses, with a full width at half maximum of less than 80 ps and a voltage amplitude of 76 mVpp, occupying frequencies between 78-93 GHz. The receiver is composed of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), an envelope detector, and a limiting amplifier. The group delay property of the LNA, opposite to that of a waveguide to microstrip line transition in the module, makes the received signal distortion smaller, resulting in a reduction in intersymbol interference (ISI). As results of a back-to-back test, error free transmission/reception (BER < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) was confirmed with a test pattern of PRBS 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 at the OC-192 compliant data rate of 9.95328 Gb/s. These results established the basic technologies for simple and compact IR-based systems, which could be used as an alternative to fiber optic cables.
Cloning of the murine TROP2 gene: Conservation of a PIP2‐binding sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of TROP‐2 (1998)

Trop-2 is a novel calcium signal transducer expressed at high levels by most human carcinomas. To develop an animal model to study the function of this molecule in vivo, we have cloned the murine Trop2 gene. Using human TROP2 primers, we amplified by PCR a segment of murine Trop2. This was used as a probe to clone a full-length gene by hybridization of a genomic library. The cloned murine Trop2 gene is functional, as indicated by sequencing and by expression after transfection. The murine Trop2 is 87.4% similar to its human homologue, with the highest conservation in the extracellular region between residues 86 and 157. Essentially all cysteines are conserved between the human and the murine genes, suggesting conservation of the Trop2 disulfide bridges and of its overall structure. Intriguingly, the cytoplasmic tail of Trop2 shows a highly conserved phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-binding sequence, which overlaps with a protein kinase C phosphorylation site. Thus, we speculate that PIP2 might regulate the phosphorylation state of Trop2 and play a role in its signal transduction. Murine Trop2 mRNA is detected in normal kidney, lung, ovary and testis, similarly to the human gene. Interestingly, the highest levels of expression are found in immortalized keratinocytes. Since Trop2 is undetectable in undifferentiated spindle cell carcinomas, this suggests a preferential expression at early stages of tumor progression. Int. J. Cancer 75:324–330, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abscisic acid agonists suitable for optimizing plant water use (2023)

Climate change and overexploitation of groundwater resources cause constraints on water demand for agriculture, thus threatening crop productivity. For future food security, there is an urgent need for crops of high water use efficiency combined with high crop productivity, i.e. having high water productivity. High water productivity means efficient biomass accumulation at reduced transpiration. Recent studies show that plants are able to optimize carbon uptake per water transpired with little or no trade-off in yield. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role in minimizing leaf transpiration and mediating enhanced water productivity. Hence, ABA and more chemically stable ABA agonists have the potential to improve crop water productivity. Synthesis, screening, and identification of suitable ABA agonists are major efforts currently undertaken. In this study, we used yeast expressing the plant ABA signal pathway to prescreen ABA-related cyano cyclopropyl compounds (CCPs). The yeast analysis allowed testing the ABA agonists for general toxicity, efficient uptake, and specificity in regulating different ABA receptor complexes. Subsequently, promising ABA-mimics were analyzed <i>in vitro</i> for ligand-receptor interaction complemented by physiological analyses. Several CCPs activated ABA signaling in yeast and plant cells. CCP1, CCP2, and CCP5 were by an order of magnitude more efficient than ABA in minimizing transpiration of Arabidopsis plants. In a progressive drought experiment, CCP2 mediated an increase in water use efficiency superior to ABA without trade-offs in biomass accumulation.
Preliminary Study of Microfluidic Chip as Sample Containment for Quantitative hiRX Measurements (2013)

This is a preliminary report on the development and testing of a microfluidic sample chip for the hiRX prototype instrument test slated for FY14. We used an in-house manufacturing laser-based tool at LANL. This allowed us to change experimental parameters rapidly and generate desired features as needed. The finished product was not a polished commercial grade specimen; however we were able to make these relatively easily and quite rapidly. The performance of these handmade devices was surprisingly good with about 5% RSD for a 1 microliter sample volume.
Kinetic Characteristics of the Pyridine Nucleotide Transhydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1970)

Abstract Kinetic studies on Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase yield the following information. In the presence of 5 x 10-4 m 2'-AMP the initial velocity experiments for both the TPNH-(TN)DPN+ (oxidized thionicotinamide DPN) and DPNH-(TN)DPN+ reactions are consistent with a bi bi catalytic reaction mechanism. DPN+ inhibition of the DPNH-(TN)DPN+ reaction is the type expected for this mechanism. When 2'-AMP is not included in the TPNH-(TN)DPN+ system the reaction velocity shows a second order dependence on TPNH, but a first order dependence on (TN)DPN+. The maximum velocity for the TPNH-(TN)DPN+ system is apparently the same in the presence as in the absence of 5 x 10-4 m 2'-AMP. However, in the presence of 5 x 10-4 m 2'-AMP the reaction velocity shows a first order dependence on both substrates. These experiments show that both TPNH and 2'-AMP are activators of the enzyme. In the DPNH-(TN)DPN+ reaction the velocity shows a first order dependence on both substrates and a second order dependence on 2'-AMP. 2'-AMP causes a decrease in the apparent Michaelis constant for DPNH and an increase in the apparent maximum velocity. If the mechanism is assumed to be ping-pong bi bi then the experiments indicate that 2'-AMP increases the rates of steps in the portion of the reaction sequence involving reduction of the enzyme by DPNH. Experiments indicate that TPN+ does not have the same capacity for activation as do TPNH and 2'-AMP. In contrast to DPN+, TPN+ at low concentrations is competitive with DPNH in the DPNH-(TN)DPN+ reaction. Thus failure of the transhydrogenase to catalyze the reaction between DPNH and TPN+ can be explained by the failure of TPN+ to cause full activation, making DPNH a less effective substrate, and also by formation by TPN+ of a dead end complex with enzyme.
Planar electrochemical device assembly (2023)

A pre-fabricated electrochemical device having a dense electrolyte disposed between an anode and a cathode preferably deposited as thin films is bonded to a porous electrically conductive support. A second porous electrically conductive support may be bonded to a counter electrode of the electrochemical device. Multiple electrochemical devices may be bonded in parallel to a single porous support, such as a perforated sheet to provide a planar array. Planar arrays may be arranged in a stacked interconnected array. A method of making a supported electrochemical device is disclosed wherein the method includes a step of bonding a pre-fabricated electrochemical device layer to an existing porous metal or porous metal alloy layer.