gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reporter (2020)

This chapter examines the role of the reporter within the newspaper industry of the period, ranging from those employed on London newspapers with a claim to some form of national circulation to those working on poorly-resourced examples of the provincial press. Issues considered include the practical duties of the reporter and how the role developed to reflect a gradually expanding editorial agenda together with improved employment opportunities, especially in the latter decades of the century. The piece also covers recruitment practices, the apprenticeship system (where applicable), pay and working conditions, and the ad hoc and rudimentary training of staff, including the take-up of shorthand, helping locate the reporter within the editorial hierarchy of the day and throwing light on issues such as career aspirations and social standing within the wider community.
CD26 expression on T helper cells correlates with cell persistence and antitumor activity in vivo (2016)

Abstract Adoptive T cell transfer has been an impressive therapy for treating cancer patients, but can be inconsequential if the transferred cells are unable to engraft and persist. Our lab has found that human CD4+ T cells that express intermediate or high levels of CD26—termed CD26intermediate and CD26high T cells, respectively—display striking antitumor activity in NSG mice bearing large, established mesothelioma. Importantly, these cells also exhibit increased engraftment and persistence compared to mice treated with bulk CD4+ or CD26negative T cells. While the multi-functional nature (IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-22) and heightened cytotoxicity (CD107A, Granzyme B) of CD26high T cells can help explain their antitumor activity in vivo, their ability to persist despite their effector memory phenotype is intriguing. After further evaluation, we found that both CD26intermediate and CD26highT cells express elevated β-catenin and BCL-2, as well as decreased Caspase 3 cleavage, compared to CD4+ and CD26negative T cells. Excitingly, both CD26intermediate and CD26high T cells continued to display enhanced T cell persistence and significantly delayed tumor growth when transferred into mice bearing aggressive PANC1 pancreatic tumors. Furthermore, mice treated with bulk CD26+ T cells also displayed a better antitumor response than those treated with bulk CD4+ or CD26negative T cells. Strikingly, these effects were all seen in the absence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which have often been thought to be crucial for effective antitumor responses. Overall, this data suggests that the presence of CD26 on transferred CD4+ T cells could be crucial for an effective antitumor response and can be utilized to enhance future immunotherapy strategies.
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS (2008)

This paper provides an overview of recent work and future directions in Gallium Nitride transistor research. We discuss the present status of Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs and the innovations that have led to record RF power performance. We describe the development of N -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs with microwave power performance comparable with state-of-art Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs. Finally we will discuss how GaN -based field effect transistors could be promising for a less obvious application: low-power high-speed digital circuits.
Utility of multiparametric MRI at 3 tesla and MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy in detecting seminal vesicle invasion by prostate cancer. (2014)

128 Background: We aim to evaluate the correlation between multiparametric prostate MRI (MP-MRI) suspicion for seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and pathology on MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy, as well as radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: 822 patients underwent MP-MRI and MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy. 24 patients underwent targeted seminal vesicle biopsies. 5 patients had MRI findings suspicious for bilateral SVI, for a total of 29 lesions. MP-MRI targets were scored as low, moderate, or high suspicion for PCa involvement according to the validated NIH scoring system. Patient demographics were reviewed and positive predictive values (PPVs) of pre-biopsy suspicion levels were calculated with respect to correlative biopsy pathology and final RP pathology. Results: At the time of MP-MRI, the median age was 64 years with a median PSA of 10.74 ng/ml (Table). Thirteen (54.2%) had not been previously diagnosed with PCa. Of the 29 SV lesions on imaging, MP-MRI suspicions of low, moderate, and high were assigned to 3, 18, and 8 lesions, respectively. The PPVs of these MRI suspicion levels, confirmed by MRI/US fusion biopsy, were 0%, 77.7%, and 62.5%, respectively. The 3 patients in the low suspicion cohort all underwent RP, confirming targeted biopsy findings. Of those with moderate or high suspicion of SVI on MP-MRI, only 5 underwent RP, with a targeted biopsy accuracy of 80%. The overall accuracy of targeted SV biopsy was 87.5% (7/8) on final RP pathology. Conclusions: MP-MRI suspicion of SVI correlates highly with findings on targeted SV biopsy and final RP pathology, thus potentially playing a vital role in future preoperative staging for PCa. [Table: see text]
Activity of the renal Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter is reduced by mutagenesis ofN-glycosylation sites: role for protein surface charge in Cl−transport (2005)

The renal-specific Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC2 belongs to the SLC12 gene family; it is the target for loop diuretics and the cause of type I Bartter's syndrome. Because the NKCC2 sequence contains two putative N-linked glycosylation sites, one of which is conserved with the renal Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter in which glycosylation affects thiazide affinity, we assessed the role of glycosylation on NKCC2 functional properties. One (N442Q or N452Q) or both (N442,452Q) N-glycosylation sites were eliminated by site-directed mutagenesis. Wild-type NKCC2 and mutant clones were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzed by (86)Rb(+) influx, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. Inhibition of glycosylation with tunicamycin in wild-type NKCC2-injected oocytes resulted in an 80% reduction of NKCC2 activity. Immunoblot of injected oocytes revealed that glycosylation of NKCC2 was completely prevented in N442,452Q-injected oocytes. Functional activity was reduced by 50% in N442Q- and N452Q-injected oocytes and by 80% in oocytes injected with N442,452Q, whereas confocal microscopy of oocytes injected with wild-type or mutant enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged NKCC2 clones revealed that surface fluorescence intensity was reduced approximately 20% in single mutants and 50% in the double mutant. Ion transport kinetic analyses revealed no changes in cation affinity and a small increase in Cl(-) affinity by N442Q and N442,452Q. However, a slight decrease in bumetanide affinity was observed. Our data demonstrate that NKCC2 is glycosylated and suggest that prevention of glycosylation reduces its functional expression by affecting insertion into the plasma membrane and the intrinsic activity of the cotransporter.
Synthesis of Oxy Aminated [60] and [70]Fullerenes with Cumene Hydroperoxide as Oxidant (2006)

Abstract Treatment of [60] or [70]fullerene with excess secondary amine and 3 equiv. of cumene hydroperoxide regioselectively afforded a mono-oxygenated tetraamino or diamino fullerene in good to high yield. The reaction is operationally simple and applicable to a large-scale synthesis.
Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Mutation Database (2009)

Andreas Sandgren and colleagues describe a new comprehensive resource on drug resistance mutations in M. tuberculosis.
Review Of Recent Advances In Infrared Antireflection Coatings (1988)

This paper reviews some of the advances that have been made in antireflection coatings for the 8-14 &mu;m infrared waveband. These include abrasion resistant chemically durable coatings on lenses and windows for thermal imaging systems, broadband coatings covering the 8-14 &mu;m and 3-5 &mu;m spectral regions and multispectral windows and coatings combining the infrared and microwave bands. Various deposition methods are discussed including the use of MBE for the production of laser resistant coatings.
Interstitial lung abnormalities are associated with decreased mean telomere length (2022)

ILA are associated with decreased MTL.
Significance of FHIT expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1999)

Loss or reduced expression of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, a tumor suppressor gene localized at chromosome 3p14.2, is common in several solid and hematological cancers and has been associated with tumor progression and worse prognosis. The role of the FHIT gene in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or its progression from a chronic phase to the accelerated and blastic phases is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Fhit protein expression is altered in CML, and whether it plays any role in CML progression, disease responsiveness to therapy, or prognosis. A total of 195 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML were evaluated, including 129 patients in early chronic phase (time from diagnosis to study, 12 months or less), 30 patients in late chronic phase, and 36 patients in the accelerated and blastic phases. The levels of cellular Fhit protein expression were determined using Western blot analysis and solid-phase RIA and compared to the levels in 31 normal marrows. The median Fhit expression in normal marrows was assigned a value of 1, and the levels in CML samples were normalized to the median of the normal control. Fhit levels in CML samples were evaluated in relation to CML phase and patient characteristics and prognosis in the early chronic phase. The median Fhit value in CML samples was 0.89 (range, 0.34-2.62). Eight of the 195 (4%) CML samples showed Fhit levels <0.5 and lacked detectable Fhit protein by Western blot. There was no difference in the levels of Fhit expression by different CML phases. In early chronic phase, reduced Fhit expression tended to be associated with leukocytosis (P = 0.04) and lower platelet counts (P = 0.01), but not with poorer-risk groups. No differences in response to IFN-alpha therapy or in survival were observed by different Fhit levels. Lack of Fhit protein expression was detected in 4% of CML cases, and reduced expression occurred in a subpopulation of patients. However, reduced Fhit expression is not associated with progression, response to therapy, or prognosis in CML.
Observation of the D-center in 6H-SiC p-n diodes grown by chemical vapor deposition (1994)

The D-center in 6H-SiC is a boron-related deep hole trap observed previously in LPE-grown 6H-SiC diodes. We report deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements in which the D-center signature is observed in high-purity n- and p-type epitaxial layers formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). An activation energy of 0.58 eV and a capture cross section between 1×10−14 cm2 and 3×10−14 cm2 was determined for this level. Even though the D-center in these diodes is thought to arise from unintended trace contamination, we observed within the same diode a factor of twenty greater density of this level in the n-type layer than in the p-type layer, which is explained by a recently proposed site competition model for impurity doping during 6H-SiC CVD growth.
Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector (2018)

The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti-$k_t$ algorithm with radius parameter $R=0.4$ and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon-jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon-jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from SHERPA and PYTHIA as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from JETPHOX and SHERPA are compared to the measurements.
Appendix B: Contrast of Partially Developed Speckle Intensity and Phase (2020)

In this appendix, we present some of the details of the derivation that leads to the expressions for the moments and the contrast of partially developed speckle.
Critical Analysis of Formulas for Estimating Backfiltration in Hemodialysis (1992)

The advent of high-flux dialyzers introduced the phenomenon of backfiltration as a regular occurrence in hemodialysis. Methods for calculating an estimate of backfiltration are described in detail, including an examination of the response of backfiltration to changes in applied pressure. A simple expression for the prediction of backfiltration as a function of net ultrafiltration is presented. Methods for estimating backfiltration have been published previously, but were based on incorrect assumptions; the errors present in those papers are highlighted and discussed here.
Blockade of the Programmed Death-1 (PD1) Pathway Undermines Potent Genetic Protection from Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

These results indicate that multiple Idd loci collaborate with PD1 signaling. Anti PDL1 treatment undermines a large portion of the genetic protection mediated by Idd genes in the NOD model of type 1 diabetes. Basal insulitis correlated with higher susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. These findings have important implications since the PD1 pathway is a target for immunotherapy.
Plastic Deformation of BaTiO3Ceramics by High-pressure Torsion and Changes in Phase Transformations, Optical and Dielectric Properties (2015)

Ceramics are generally brittle at ambient condition and they can hardly be deformed plastically. In this study, severe plastic deformation was successfully imposed on barium titanate ceramic powders by high-pressure torsion. A tetragonal-to-cubic phase transformation occurred, and the fraction and stability of the cubic phase increased by straining because of the formation of nanograins. BaTiO3 exhibited photoluminescence and the yellow intensity increased after straining because of the formation of large fraction of grain boundaries. The dielectric constant of BaTiO3 was unusually increased by nanograin formation while the Curie temperature remained constant.
Length rather than year-round spawning, affects reproductive performance of RAS-reared F-generation pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) - Insights from practice (2018)

The continuous production of large numbers of high quality gametes is essential for aquaculture, particularly in candidate species, such as pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.). The common practice of year-round reproduction is under suspicion of inflicting adverse effects on the quality of the gametes through the disturbance of endogenous rhythms. We hypothesized that such perturbation does not affect RAS-reared F-generation broodstock. Reproductive performance (number of eggs) and gamete quality (fertilization and hatching rate) were assessed over the course of 3 years covering six independent, photothermal shifted spawning seasons in a commercial pikeperch hatchery (n = 31 egg batches of F-generation fish in total). No substantial differences in fertilization or hatching rates could be detected between the individual spawning seasons. Fecundity varied, but there are indications for a size effect on female fecundity with intermediate sized females producing higher number of eggs (~65–70 cm). Low egg quality could be detected in batches of very large fish. In conclusion, size-specific broodstock composition, but not year-round reproduction of F-generation pikeperch spawners affects the reproductive performance.
Xhaul: toward an integrated fronthaul/backhaul architecture in 5G networks (2015)

The Xhaul architecture presented in this article is aimed at developing a 5G integrated backhaul and fronthaul transport network enabling flexible and software-defined reconfiguration of all networking elements in a multi-tenant and service-oriented unified management environment. The Xhaul transport network vision consists of high-capacity switches and heterogeneous transmission links (e.g., fiber or wireless optics, high-capacity copper, mmWave) interconnecting remote radio heads, 5G points of attachment (5GPoAs, e.g., macro- and small cells), centralized- processing units (mini data centers), and points of presence of the core networks of one or multiple service provider(s). This transport network shall flexibly interconnect distributed 5G radio access and core network functions, hosted on network centralized nodes, through the implementation of a control infrastructure using a unified, abstract network model for control plane integration (Xhaul Control Infrastructure, XCI); and a unified data plane encompassing innovative high-capacity transmission technologies and novel deterministic-latency switch architectures (Xhaul packet Forwarding Element, XFE). Standardization is expected to play a major role in a future 5G integrated front haul/backhaul architecture for multi-vendor interoperability reasons. To this end, we review the major relevant activities in the current standardization landscape and the potential impact on the Xhaul architecture.
OS2-9 A Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with a Directed Guide Vane Row (2007)

A straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine with a directed guide vane row has been proposed in order to enhance its torque. The experimental study on the proposed wind turbine was carried out by a wind tunnel with an outlet diameter of 1.8m. The tested rotor has 3 straight blades with a profile of NACA0015, a diameter of 0.6m and a blade height of 0.7m. The guide vane row having 3 arc plates rotates around the rotor and is directed to the wind by aerodynamic force generated by a tail vane, so as to put the guide vane row upstream of the rotor. As a result, the performance of the straight-bladed vertical axis turbine was improved by means of the directed guide vane row. Further, by the use of the guide vane row adopted in the study, the power coefficient of the proposed wind turbine was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the original wind turbine which has no guide vane.
The Hydrophobic Effect on Electrodeposition of Billirubin Oxidase <i>CotA</i> (2015)

The hydrophobic effect on electrodeposition of an enzyme CotA was investigated. The CotA was electrodeposited on a gold disc electrode modified with an alkane thiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The CotA immobilized hydrophobic SAM gold electrodes exhibited a larger electrochemical activity compared with the hydrophilic SAM and bare electrodes. In particular, large current responses were observed in an ethanethiol or a 1-butanethiol SAM gold electrode. In addition, effect of addition of non-ionic surfactant Triton X on the electrodeposition was checked using the SAM gold electrode. The addition of Triton X had a positive effect on the electrodeposition.
Synthesis of Novel Tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyridines <i>via</i> Intramolecular Nitrilimine Cycloaddition (2012)

The preparation of novel tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines is reported. Pivotal to the synthesis of these compounds was the development of mild reaction conditions to generate a highly functionalized nitrilimine capable of undergoing an intramolecular cycloaddition with a tethered alkyne. The desired cycloadduct was formed as an equal mixture of diastereomers.
Decentralized Robust Energy Management of Multi-area Integrated Electricity-gas Systems (2021)

This paper proposes a fast and decentralized solution methodology for the robust operation of multi-area integrated electricity-gas systems (M-IEGSs). A deterministic reformulation is obtained for the two-stage robust model by applying the linear decision rule based electrical reserve utilization scheme as well as regulating the distributed gas storages. Two linear approximations are developed for the nonconvex Wey-mouth equation in the gas network to determine the gas flow directions. The penalty convex-concave procedure (P-CCP) is then adopted to refine a feasible local optimum for the nonconvex model with an acceleration strategy. The decentralized deci-sion-making is enabled by the alternating direction multipliers method (ADMM). The convergence as well as computation performance of the overall solution procedure can be guaranteed as only convex optimizations are solved. Simulation results <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">va</sup> lidate the effectiveness of the proposed methods as well as the benefits of the proposed convex programing based solution procedure.
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Noninvasive Neuromodulation of the Visual Cortex (2020)

Currently, blindness cannot be cured and patients' living quality can be compromised severely. Ultrasonic (US) neuromodulation is a promising technology for the development of noninvasive cortical visual prosthesis. We investigated the feasibility of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) for noninvasive stimulation of the visual cortex (VC) to develop improved visual prosthesis. tFUS was used to successfully evoke neural activities in the VC of both normal and retinal degenerate (RD) blind rats. Our results showed that blind rats showed more robust responses to ultrasound stimulation when compared with normal rats. ( , two-sample t-test). Three different types of ultrasound waveforms were used in the three experimental groups. Different types of cortical activities were observed when different US waveforms were used. In all rats, when stimulated with continuous ultrasound waves, only short-duration responses were observed at "US on and off" time points. In comparison, pulsed waves (PWs) evoked longer low-frequency responses. Testing different parameters of PWs showed that a pulse repetition frequency higher than 100 Hz is required to obtain the low-frequency responses. Based on the observed cortical activities, we inferred that acoustic radiation force (ARF) is the predominant physical mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation.
Dynamic nuclear polarization at 40 kHz magic angle spinning (2016)

DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy under magic angle spinning (MAS) is rapidly developing into a powerful analytical tool to investigate the structure of a wide range of solid materials, because it provides unsurpassed sensitivity gains. Most developments and applications of DNP MAS NMR were so far reported at moderate spinning frequencies (up to 14 kHz using 3.2 mm rotors). Here, using a 1.3 mm MAS DNP probe operating at 18.8 T and ∼100 K, we show that signal amplification factors can be increased by up to a factor two when using smaller volume rotors as compared to 3.2 mm rotors, and report enhancements of around 60 over a range of sample spinning rates from 10 to 40 kHz. Spinning at 40 kHz is also shown to increase 29Si coherence lifetimes by a factor three as compared to 10 kHz, substantially increasing sensitivity in CPMG type experiments. The contribution of quenching effects to the overall sensitivity gain at very fast MAS is evaluated, and applications are reported on a functionalised mesostructured organic–inorganic material.
Minimum free energy paths for a nanopartcle crossing the lipid membrane. (2016)

Abstract not provided.