gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of instant messaging interruptions on computing tasks (2000)

This paper describes a study that probes the cost of interrupting users with instant messages during different phases of a computing task. We found that interrupting users during the "evaluation phase" of the task resulted in significantly longer completion times than interruptions in other phases. We also found that interruptions that were irrelevant to the task resulted in longer times to process the message and longer task resumption times than relevant messages. These initial results have implications for the principled design of intelligent interrupters and instant messages.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: contrast enhancement on CT scans and MR images. (1993)

November 1993Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: contrast enhancement on CT scans and MR images.Authors: A L Wheeler, C L Truwit, B K Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, W R Byrne, and R N HannonAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 161, Issue 5https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.161.5.8273607 METRICS PDFotherformats
Phenotype Determines Nanoparticle Uptake by Human Macrophages from Liver and Blood (2016)

A significant challenge to delivering therapeutic doses of nanoparticles to targeted disease sites is the fact that most nanoparticles become trapped in the liver. Liver-resident macrophages, or Kupffer cells, are key cells in the hepatic sequestration of nanoparticles. However, the precise role that the macrophage phenotype plays in nanoparticle uptake is unknown. Here, we show that the human macrophage phenotype modulates hard nanoparticle uptake. Using gold nanoparticles, we examined uptake by human monocyte-derived macrophages that had been driven to a "regulatory" M2 phenotype or an "inflammatory" M1 phenotype and found that M2-type macrophages preferentially take up nanoparticles, with a clear hierarchy among the subtypes (M2c > M2 > M2a > M2b > M1). We also found that stimuli such as LPS/IFN-γ rather than with more "regulatory" stimuli such as TGF-β/IL-10 reduce per cell macrophage nanoparticle uptake by an average of 40%. Primary human Kupffer cells were found to display heterogeneous expression of M1 and M2 markers, and Kupffer cells expressing higher levels of M2 markers (CD163) take up significantly more nanoparticles than Kupffer cells expressing lower levels of surface CD163. Our results demonstrate that hepatic inflammatory microenvironments should be considered when studying liver sequestration of nanoparticles, and that modifying the hepatic microenvironment might offer a tool for enhancing or decreasing this sequestration. Our findings also suggest that models examining the nanoparticle/macrophage interaction should include studies with primary tissue macrophages.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHETASE AFTER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN THE MURINE TESTIS (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHETASE AFTER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN THE MURINE TESTIS Tony Mammen, Jeffrey J Lysiak, Muzaffer Celebi, Alexander L Klibanov, and Terry T Turner Tony MammenTony Mammen More articles by this author , Jeffrey J LysiakJeffrey J Lysiak More articles by this author , Muzaffer CelebiMuzaffer Celebi More articles by this author , Alexander L KlibanovAlexander L Klibanov More articles by this author , and Terry T TurnerTerry T Turner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61856-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHETASE AFTER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN THE MURINE TESTIS." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 634 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 634 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Tony Mammen More articles by this author Jeffrey J Lysiak More articles by this author Muzaffer Celebi More articles by this author Alexander L Klibanov More articles by this author Terry T Turner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Distributed simulation of polychronous and plastic spiking neural networks: strong and weak scaling of a representative mini-application benchmark executed on a small-scale commodity cluster (2013)

We introduce a natively distributed mini-application benchmark representative of plastic spiking neural network simulators. It can be used to measure performances of existing computing platforms and to drive the development of future parallel/distributed computing systems dedicated to the simulation of plastic spiking networks. The mini-application is designed to generate spiking behaviors and synaptic connectivity that do not change when the number of hardware processing nodes is varied, simplifying the quantitative study of scalability on commodity and custom architectures. Here, we present the strong and weak scaling and the profiling of the computational/communication components of the DPSNN-STDP benchmark (Distributed Simulation of Polychronous Spiking Neural Network with synaptic Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity). In this first test, we used the benchmark to exercise a small-scale cluster of commodity processors (varying the number of used physical cores from 1 to 128). The cluster was interconnected through a commodity network. Bidimensional grids of columns composed of Izhikevich neurons projected synapses locally and toward first, second and third neighboring columns. The size of the simulated network varied from 6.6 Giga synapses down to 200 K synapses. The code demonstrated to be fast and scalable: 10 wall clock seconds were required to simulate one second of activity and plasticity (per Hertz of average firing rate) of a network composed by 3.2 G synapses running on 128 hardware cores clocked @ 2.4 GHz. The mini-application has been designed to be easily interfaced with standard and custom software and hardware communication interfaces. It has been designed from its foundation to be natively distributed and parallel, and should not pose major obstacles against distribution and parallelization on several platforms.
Rapidly Verifiable XMSS Signatures (2020)

This work presents new speed records for XMSS (RFC 8391) signature verification on embedded devices. For this we make use of a probabilistic method recently proposed by Perin, Zambonin, Martins, Custódio, and Martina (PZMCM) at ISCC 2018, that changes the XMSS signing algorithm to search for rapidly verifiable signatures. We improve the method, ensuring that the added signing cost for the search is independent of the message length. We provide a statistical analysis of the resulting verification speed and support it by experiments. We present a record setting RFC compatible implementation of XMSS verification on the ARM Cortex-M4. At a signing time of about one minute on a general purpose CPU, we create signatures that are verified about 1.44 times faster than traditionally generated signatures. Adding further well-known implementation optimizations to the verification algorithm we reduce verification time by over a factor two from 13.85 million to 6.56 million cycles. In contrast to previous works, we provide a detailed security analysis of the resulting signature scheme under classical and quantum attacks that justifies our selection of parameters. On the way, we fill a gap in the security analysis of XMSS as described in RFC 8391 proving that the modified message hashing in the RFC does indeed mitigate multi-target attacks. This was not shown before and might be of independent interest.
Symptomatic cerebral histoplasmoma (1980)

A 53-year-old man, with a past history of a thoracotomy 7 years previously, developed seizures. A computerized tomography scan with contrast medium revealed a peripheral ring-like lesion in the anterolateral part of the right parietal lobe. Pathological evaluation of the resected lesion demonstrated it to be a histoplasmoma. Although rare, a histoplasmoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a ring-shaped lesion in a patient with previous pulmonary disease.
Passive laser-fiber alignment by index method (1991)

A method for packaging a laser-fiber module was explored in which the critical laser-fiber alignment is carried out not with the usual active means, i.e., with the laser activated, but by a passive method based on the registration principles of photolithography. The method relies on an index scheme in which fiducial marks are lithographically placed on the laser chip and on a fiber carrier. At 850 nm, using the index technique with cleaved multimode fibers, it was possible to achieve the same laser-fiber coupling efficiency as attained by active alignment; with cleaved single-mode fibers about 80% of the active-alignment coupling efficiency was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization and specificity of the linear epitope of the enterovirus 71 VP2 protein (2012)

Detailed mapping showed that the VP2 protein of Enterovirus 71 contains a single, linear, non-neutralizing epitope, spanning amino acids 142-146 which are located in the VP2 protein's E-F loop. The S/T(144) mutation in this epitope confers a loss of VP2 antigenicity to some newly emerged EV71-C4 strains from China. The corresponding monoclonal antibody 7C7 was used successfully in an AC-ELISA and did not cross-react to coxsackieviruses 4, 6, 10, and 16 in immunofluorescence assay and Western blots. 7C7 is the first monoclonal antibody described, that can differentiate Coxsackievirus 16 from Enterovirus 71.
Switching Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type from Stx2d to Stx2a but Not Stx2c Alters Virulence of Stx-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Strain B2F1 in Streptomycin (Str)-Treated Mice (2021)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) strain B2F1 produces Stx type 2d, a toxin that becomes more toxic towards Vero cells in the presence of intestinal mucus. STEC that make Stx2d are more pathogenic to streptomycin (Str)-treated mice than most STEC that produce Stx2a or Stx2c. However, purified Stx2d is only 2- or 7-fold more toxic by the intraperitoneal route than Stx2a or Stx2c, respectively. We hypothesized, therefore, that the toxicity differences among Stx2a, Stx2c, and Stx2d occur at the level of delivery from the intestine. To evaluate that hypothesis, we altered the toxin type produced by <i>stx</i><sub>2d</sub>+ mouse virulent O91:H21 clinical isolate B2F1 to Stx2a or Stx2c. Because B2F1 encodes two copies of <i>stx</i><sub>2d</sub>, we did these studies in a derivative of B2F1 in which <i>stx</i><sub>2d1</sub> was deleted. Although the strains were equivalently virulent to the Str-treated mice at the 10<sup>10</sup> dose, the B2F1 strain that produced Stx2a was attenuated relative to the ones that produced Stx2d or Stx2c when administered at 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mouse. We next compared the oral toxicities of purified Stx2a, Stx2c, and Stx2d. We found that purified Stx2d is more toxic than Stx2a or Stx2c upon oral administration at 4 µg/mouse. Taken together, these studies suggest that Stx2 toxins are most potent when delivered directly from the bacterium. Furthermore, because Stx2d and Stx2c have the identical amino acid composition in the toxin B subunit, our results indicate that the virulence difference between Stx2a and Stx2d and Stx2c resides in the B or binding subunit of the toxins.
Dual Patterning of a Poly(acrylic acid) Layer by Electron-Beam and Block Copolymer Lithographies (2013)

We show the controllable patterning of palladium nanoparticles in both one and two dimensions using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching of a thin film of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). After the initial patterning of the PAA, a monolayer of polystyrene-b-poly-2-vinylpyridine micelles is spun cast onto the surface. A short reactive ion etch is then used to transfer the micelle pattern into the patterned poly(acrylic acid). Finally, PdCl2 is loaded from solution into the patterned poly(acrylic acid) features, and a reactive-ion etching process is used to remove the remaining polymer and form Pd nanoparticles. This method yields location-controlled patches of nanoparticles, including single- and double-file lines and nanoparticle pairs. A locational accuracy of 9 nm or less in one direction was achieved by optimizing the size of the PAA features.
Object Goal Navigation using Goal-Oriented Semantic Exploration (2020)

This work studies the problem of object goal navigation which involves navigating to an instance of the given object category in unseen environments. End-to-end learning-based navigation methods struggle at this task as they are ineffective at exploration and long-term planning. We propose a modular system called, `Goal-Oriented Semantic Exploration' which builds an episodic semantic map and uses it to explore the environment efficiently based on the goal object category. Empirical results in visually realistic simulation environments show that the proposed model outperforms a wide range of baselines including end-to-end learning-based methods as well as modular map-based methods and led to the winning entry of the CVPR-2020 Habitat ObjectNav Challenge. Ablation analysis indicates that the proposed model learns semantic priors of the relative arrangement of objects in a scene, and uses them to explore efficiently. Domain-agnostic module design allow us to transfer our model to a mobile robot platform and achieve similar performance for object goal navigation in the real-world.
Accuracy Study and Validation Techniques for Fast Beam-Based Monostatic Scattering Computations (2019)

A Gaussian beam shooting algorithm based on Gabor frame decomposition is proposed for fast monostatic scattering computations in large multipath environments. Formulation and specific features of the method are outlined. Complexity and accuracy of the algorithm are discussed and illustrated by numerical results. A validation strategy based on 2D-to-3D conversion is explored, due to the large electrical size of the problems to be solved with this method.
Effect of prebiotic on gut development and ascites incidence of broilers reared in a hypoxic environment (2005)

Modern broilers have been genetically selected for an increased growth rate and improved feed conversion, but they are also more susceptible to ascites. Ascites occurs when there is an imbalance between available oxygen and the oxygen demand of the broiler. We hypothesized that promoting neonatal gut development with a prebiotic, such as Aspergillus meal (Prebiotic-AM), would enhance gut efficiency, decrease the oxygen demand of the gut, and reduce ascites incidence. In this study, we compared the effect of Prebiotic-AM on ascites incidence and gut development in commercial broilers reared at a local altitude (390 m above sea level) and a simulated high altitude (2,900 m above sea level). Half of the birds received a National Research Council recommended corn-soybean ration, and the other half received the same ration supplemented with 0.2% Prebiotic-AM. These 2 groups were further divided into a local altitude group and a simulated high altitude group for a total of 4 treatment combinations. Tissues were collected on d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 from the duodenum and lower ileum and placed in 10% buffered formalin for morphometric analysis. At a simulated high altitude, ascites incidence was 68% for birds fed the Prebiotic-AM supplement compared with 92% ascites incidence in birds given the control feed. The simulated high altitude decreased (P < 0.05) gut development, but prebiotic-treated birds reared in hypoxic conditions had similar gut development to control birds reared at local altitude. These data suggest that a feed ration supplemented with Prebiotic-AM may reduce the effect of hypoxia on broiler gut development and ascites incidence.
Peracetylated (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (AcEGCG) Potently Suppresses Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Colon Tumorigenesis in Mice (2012)

Previous studies reported that peracetylated (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (AcEGCG) has antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we evaluated the chemopreventive effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of dietary administration of AcEGCG and EGCG in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The mice were fed a diet supplemented with either AcEGCG or EGCG prior to DSS induction. Our results indicated that AcEGCG administration was more effective than EGCG in preventing the shortening of colon length and the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and lymphoid nodules (LN) in mouse colon stimulated by DSS. Our study observes that AcEGCG treatment inhibited histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation but did not affect histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and acetyl- CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 levels. In addition, pretreatment with AcEGCG decreased the proinflammatory mediator levels by down-regulating of PI3K/Akt/NFκB phosphorylation and p65 acetylation. We also found that treatment with AcEGCG increased heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling and acetylation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby abating DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, dietary feeding with AcEGCG markedly reduced colitis-driven colon cancer in mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and molecular mechanisms of dietary AcEGCG against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and potentially colon cancer associated with colitis. These findings provide insight into the biological actions of AcEGCG and might establish a molecular basis for the development of new cancer chemopreventive agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloepoxydon, 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐pent‐1‐enylbenzene and 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐pent‐1,3‐dienylbenzene, New Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Signal Transduction. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High performance temperature and pressure telemetry for rodents (2013)

We report on the ability to measure simultaneous temperature and pressure from a 2 Fr sensor (0.6 mm) located inside an artery of a rat. Over the temperature range from 25 to 45 degrees centigrade, the accuracy is better than 0.2 degrees. The pressure waveform is high fidelity with a 2 kHz sample rate. Performance data has been evaluated over a 30 day period and has illustrated very low drift and high precision. The sensor and accompanying telemeter are fully implanted. The telemeter is inductively powered and able to operate for the lifetime of the animal. The small size of the temperature sensor enables placement and the recording of temperature in select regions of the body.
Characterization of hyaluronan and TSG‐6 in skin scarring: differential distribution in keloid scars, normal scars and unscarred skin (2010)

TSG-6 is expressed in unscarred skin, where its close association with HA and IαI could give rise to TSG-6-mediated HC•HA formation within this tissue. A reduction in the beneficial effects of TSG-6, caused by diminished protein levels in keloid lesions, could contribute to this abnormal scarring process.
Mutations at the guanosine-binding site of theTetrahymenaribozyme also affect site-specific hydrolysis (1992)

Self-splicing group I introns use guanosine as a nucleophile to cleave the 5' splice site. The guanosine-binding site has been localized to the G264-C311 base pair of the Tetrahymena intron on the basis of analysis of mutations that change the specificity of the nucleophile from G (guanosine) to 2AP (2-aminopurine ribonucleoside) (F. Michel et al. (1989) Nature 342, 391-395). We studied the effect of these mutations (G-U, A-C and A-U replacing G264-C311) in the L-21 ScaI version of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. In this enzymatic system (kcat/Km)G monitors the cleavage step. This kinetic parameter decreased by at least 5 x 10(3) when the G264-C311 base pair was mutated to an A-U pair, while (kcat/Km)2AP increased at least 40-fold. This amounted to an overall switch in specificity of at least 2 x 10(5). The nucleophile specificity (G > 2AP for the G-C and G-U pairs, 2AP > G for the A-U and A-C pairs) was consistent with the proposed hydrogen bond between the nucleotide at position 264 and N1 of the nucleophile. Unexpectedly, the A-U and A-C mutants showed a decrease of an order of magnitude in the rate of ribozyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of RNA, in which H2O or OH- replaces G as the nucleophile, whereas the G-U mutant showed a decrease of only 2-fold. The low hydrolysis rates were not restored by raising the Mg2+ concentration or lowering the temperature. In addition, the mutant ribozymes exhibited a pattern of cleavage by Fe(II)-EDTA indistinguishable from that of the wild type, and the [Mg2+]1/2 for folding of the A-U mutant ribozyme was the same as that of the wild type. Therefore the guanosine-binding site mutations do not appear to have a major effect on RNA folding or stability. Because changing G264 affects the hydrolysis reaction without perturbing the global folding of the RNA, we conclude that the catalytic role of this conserved nucleotide is not limited to guanosine binding.
Blocking the FAM19A5-LRRC4B complex enhances neurite growth and synapse assembly.(science ver.) (2023)

Abstract Disruption in the dynamic balance of the synapse build-and-removal process is a major cause of neurological diseases, although the mechanisms underlying how the brain fine-tunes and balances this process remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that FAM19A5 binds to the postsynaptic adhesion molecule LRRC4B and suppresses interaction between LRRC4B and presynaptic PTPRF, suggesting a role of FAM19A5 in synapse assembly. Decoys with the FAM19A5 binding (FB) domain redirect FAM19A5, promoting synapse formation. The anti-FAM19A5 antibody NS101 disrupts the FAM19A5-LRRC4B complex, transferring FAM19A5 from the brain to the bloodstream, restoring synaptic integrity and improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's mouse models. Our findings suggest NS101 could be a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases requiring regeneration of neurites and formation of new synapses.
Hollow-core fiber capacities with receiver noise limitations (2022)

Hollow-core fiber promises low loss and low nonlinearity over wide operational bandwidths. However, considering realistic transponder noise floors reveals much lower capacity gains over standard single-mode fiber than generally assumed, even for optimistic fiber designs.
RGB LED active region design and optimization with Genetic Evolution Algorithm (2022)

Multi-quantum-well (MQW) LED is a complex distributed system with strong interaction between two opposite carrier flows, electrons and holes. For both types of carriers, the carrier injection into each QW depends on transport conditions across the whole active region (AR) and is affected by capture-recombination balance in all active QWs. Multi-color LEDs with different types of QWs are especially sensitive to the details of the active region’s layout. In this work, we use genetic evolutionary analysis to design tri-color LED. We show that full RGB gamut coverage requires optimized compositional intermediate carrier blocking layers (ICBLs) separating the optically active QWs. We also show that compositional ICBLs cannot be replaced by optimized doping of quantum barriers (QBs) alone.