gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Subdural Hematoma from Real-World Head Impact Data (2012)

Abstract Approximately 1,700,000 people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of hospitalization from TBI. Acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common intracranial injury that occurs in MVCs associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. In this study, SDH volume and midline shift have been analyzed in order to better understand occupant injury by correlating them to crash and occupant parameters. Fifty-seven head computed tomography (CT) scans were selected from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN) with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) level 3+ SDH. Semi-automated methods were used to isolate the intracranial volume. SDH and additional occupant intracranial injuries were segmented across axial CT images, providing a total SDH injury volume. SDH volume was correlated to crash parameters and occupant characteristics. Results show a positive correlation between SDH volume and crash severity in near-side and frontal crashes. Additionally, the location of the resulting hemorrhage varied by crash type. Those with greater SDH volumes had significantly lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores at the crash site in near-side crashes. Age and fracture type were found to be significant contributors to SDH volume. This study is a volumetric analysis of real world brain injuries and known MVC impacts. The results of this study demonstrate a relationship among SDH volume, crash mechanics, and occupant characteristics that provide a better understanding of the injury mechanisms of MVC-associated TBI.
Induction of Hot Flashes in Premenopausal Women Treated with a Long-Acting GnRH Agonist* (1983)

To examine the relationship between the occurrence of menopausal hot flashes and the pulsatile release of LH, we have investigated the serum hormone levels and the occurrence of hot flashes by objective recordings in five women with endometriosis given daily injections of a long-acting GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) for 28 days. Results were compared to the findings made in 25 young women 6-8 weeks after bilateral oophorectomy. Serum levels of estrone and estradiol were similar in the subjects given GnRH-a and the women who underwent a surgical castration. In comparison with values before GnRH-a administration, the mean FSH level was lower whereas the mean LH concentration was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) on the last day of therapy. The coefficients of variations of both gonadotropins measured during 4-h sampling periods at 20-min intervals before and at the end of GnRH-a administration were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) with therapy. During the total of 20 h of frequent sampling in the 5 subjects, 15 pulses (20% rise from nadir) of LH and 12 pulses of FSH were detected before GnRH-a, whereas only 2 and 8 pulses, respectively, were observed on day 28 of treatment. Hot flashes were observed in both groups of patients. The proportion of women experiencing hot flashes, the rate of occurrence/h and the characteristics of the physiological changes were similar in the 2 groups of women. These data indicate that hot flashes can occur in the absence of prominent LH pulses, suggesting the pulsatile release of this hormone is merely associated with the hot flash rather than being etiological.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 2, Figures 1 - 4 from Survival Signals and Targets for Therapy in Breast Implant–Associated ALK<sup>−</sup> Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 5811K, Supplemental Table 1. Antibody clones used for flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting studies. Supplemental Table 2. Phenotype analysis of TLBR cell lines by flow cytometry. Supplemental Figure 1. Cytogenetic analyses of TLBR cell lines. Supplemental Figure 2. Immunocytochemistry of TLBR cell lines. Supplemental Figure 3. Sensitivity of TLBR cell lines to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA). Supplemental Figure 4. Notch signaling in TLBR cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Serving true justice – exposing and overhauling criminal justice procedures leading to wrongful convictions (2020)

Since the early 1990s the United States has seen a significant increase in both the number of exonerations of innocent defendants as well as the academic scholarship surrounding wrongful convictions.From the invention of post-conviction DNA processing has sprouted a newfound awareness within academic circles and the general public around the increasing pervasiveness of erroneous convictions.This paper identifies the leading correlatives that contribute to wrongful convictions within the United States, which include eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, investigator bias, and forensic error.The purpose of this research is to determine how erroneous convictions can be reduced and prevented moving forward.To this aim, the following literature review provides an in-depth analysis of previous research conducted on each of these factors.Furthermore, the paper concludes with procedural and legislative recommendations to overhaul various shortcomings within the criminal justice process that increase the likelihood of a wrongful conviction.
Personality Matters: Incorporating Detailed User Attributes and Preferences into the Matchmaking Process (2007)

Finding ways of reducing undesired behavior in online interactions is at the forefront of the social computing research agenda. One promising way to reduce perceived "bad behavior" is by matching members of online social environments with corresponding behavioral preferences. We present an empirical study (N=267) of an experimental system for matching users. As a test bed we chose the online game MechAssault, which largely supports one-off encounters within a socially homogenous population. Even within this population we found great variability in the way users selected their gaming partners. One type of player chose partners mainly on their skill, another mainly on a friendly gaming personality, and a third preferred aggressive players. Detailed analyses revealed the underlying attributes of user profiles that generated these user types. The findings suggest that a matchmaking system can better promote desired online interactions than the enforcement of uniform behavioral standards
Intermittent-Mode CT Fluoroscopy–guided Biopsy of the Lung or Upper Abdomen with Breath-hold Monitoring and Feedback: System Development and Feasibility (2003)

A bellows-based breath-hold monitoring and feedback system was developed and evaluated for use in intermittent-mode computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy-guided biopsy procedures in the lung or upper abdomen. The bellows system is described, and its feasibility is demonstrated in studies with a respiratory phantom and human volunteers. Results are reported for seven patients who underwent bellows-assisted biopsy. Breath-hold monitoring and feedback with the bellows system allow the patient to perform reliable breath holding at a preselected level. This optimizes intermittent-mode CT fluoroscopy-guided biopsies by allowing consistent visualization of the target lesion throughout the procedure.
Longterm treatment effect of Multiple Sclerosis therapeutics on regional and global brain atrophy crossectional analysed by quantitative MRI. (P6.160) (2015)

Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy of disease modifying therapy (DMT) on regional brain atrophy with crossectional automated quantitative MRI analysis. The hypothesis is that regional is superior to global brain atrophy analysis for detection of treatment effects. Background: Recent short-term longitudinal DMT-trials revealed annual global brain atrophy from -0.22[percnt]/a to -0.94[percnt]/a. Up to now there are neither longitudinal nor crossectional data on regional brain atrophy rates in treated patients. We present crossectional regional brain atrophy data referred to a normative database leading to cumulative regional atrophy rates in a cohort with natural history (untreated) and a cohort with DMT (ß-IFN). Design/ methods: The design is controlled, prospective and blinded. 74 consecutive patients (26 rrMS treated with ß-IFN, 21 rrMS without DMT and 27 healthy subjects) were enrolled. The treated group and the controls were matched for age (mean 40 years) and disease duration (mean 6 years). Clinical examination led to EDSS and included a neuropsychological assessment. Patients, controls and the normative database were aquired using a 3T MR-scanner including a high resolution T1-weighted sequence (MPRAGE). All MRI data were normalized to a stereotactical space followed by a segmentation algorythm and a voxel wise two sample T test checking each patient and the normative database for any volume deviations. Mean annual global and regional brain volume loss was calculated and analysed for treatment effects. Results: The mean annual global volume loss in 6 years disease duration was -0.72[percnt] /a in the ß-IFN group and -1.27[percnt] /a in the control group (relative treatment effect 44[percnt] atrophy reduction). Highest treatment effects (up to 62[percnt] atrophy reduction) were observed in the cortical GM. Conclusion:Longterm efficacy of DMT is demonstrated with higher regional vs. global brain atrophy crossectional analysis. Study partly supported by Merck Serono.
Preparation and properties of graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced mortar composites (2018)

The successful application of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in mortar composites depends on their dispersion properties. In this study, MWCNTs and GNPs were modified by the surfactant polycarboxylate ether (PC). One-dimensional MWCNTs and two-dimensional GNPs led to the MWCNTs forming a bridge between adjacent GNP sheets, effectively avoiding restacking of GNPs and agglomeration of MWCNTs, which resulted in greater dispersion. An excellent synergetic effect was generated between MWCNTs and GNPs, enhancing various physical and chemical properties. Hybrid GNP/MWCNT structures improved the mechanical properties of mortar composites (compressive strength and tensile strength) and volume stability (drying shrinkage). Scanning electron microscope images clearly showed that hybrid GNPs/MWCNTs were compatible for use in mortar composites. The hybrid weight ratio of GN11-PC (GNPs:MWCNTs = 1 : 1) led to optimal compressive strength, greater than that obtained upon addition of GNPs or MWCNTs individually. The compressive strength of the mortar composites containing 0·05 wt% GN11-PC (by weight of cement) aged for 28 d increased by 61% in comparison with the blank sample, and the tensile strength increased by 47·1%, while shrinkage decreased by 6·9%.
Solid-Supported [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerizations Catalyzed by Rh and Ru (2006)

The reaction of polystyrene-supported dipropargylamine 1 with alkyne 2 in the presence of RhCl(PPh3)3 gave the cyclotrimerization product 3. Treatment of 3 with HCl yielded isoindolines 4 in 69-95% yield as HCl salts (eq. 1). Cyclotrimerization of diynes 5 with 2 in the presence of RhCl(PPh3)3 followed by cleavage from the polystyrene support afforded indanes 7 in 60-84% yield (eq. 2). Cyclotrimerization of 8 with 2 in the presence of RuCl(cod)Cp* as catalyst followed by treatment with K2CO3 gave the phthalans 10 in 68-95% yield with good regio­selectivity (eq. 3).
Improved Thermal Stability of Pyroelectric Polymers by Crosslinking of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (2001)

Monofunctional ferroelectric liquid crystalline monomers and a blend of monofunctional/bifunctional ferroelectric liquid crystalline monomers were photopolymerized, yielding a side-chain liquid crystalline polymer and a cross-linked polymer, respectively. The cross-linked polymer exhibited higher thermal stability than the side-chain liquid crystalline polymer and was pyroelectric up to 170 °C, whereas the side-chain liquid crystalline polymer lost most of its pyroelectricity at 38 °C. It is shown by electrooptic and birefringence measurements that cross-linking in the unwound SmC* phase prevented the reoccurrence of the helical superstructure.
Front Cover: Antimicrobial Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes Containing Triphenylphosphonium Solubilizing Groups (Chem. Eur. J. 26/2023) (2023)

Triphenylphosphonium functionalization of a conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) with a stilbene core improved its spectrum of activity to include ESKAPE pathogens and mycobacteria while crucially retaining the membrane-perturbing mode of action characteristic of COEs. The efficacy of the lead compound in vivo highlights the potential of the COE molecular platform for designing more effective antibiotics. More information can be found in the Research Article by G. C. Bazan and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203803).
Adjusting tidal volume to stress index in an open lung condition optimizes ventilation and prevents overdistension in an experimental model of lung injury and reduced chest wall compliance (2015)

Setting tidal volume to a non-injurious stress index in an open lung condition improves alveolar ventilation and prevents overdistension without increasing lung injury. This is in comparison with limited Pplat protective ventilation in a model of lung injury with low chest-wall compliance.
Molecular Optimization by Capturing Chemist's Intuition Using Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Abstract A main challenge in drug discovery is finding molecules with a desirable balance of multiple properties. Here, we focus on the task of molecular optimization, where the goal is to optimize a given starting molecule towards desirable properties. This task can be framed as a machine translation problem in natural language processing, where in our case, a molecule is translated into a molecule with optimized properties based on the SMILES representation. Typically, chemists would use their intuition to suggest chemical transformations for the starting molecule being optimized. A widely used strategy is the concept of matched molecular pairs where two molecules differ by a single transformation. We seek to capture the chemist's intuition from matched molecular pairs using machine translation models. Specifically, the sequence-to-sequence model with attention mechanism, and the Transformer model are employed to generate molecules with desirable properties. As a proof of concept, three ADMET properties are optimized simultaneously: logD, solubility, and clearance, which are important properties of a drug. Since desirable properties often vary from project to project, the user-specified desirable property changes are incorporated into the input as an additional condition together with the starting molecules being optimized. Thus, the models can be guided to generate molecules satisfying the desirable properties. Additionally, we compare the two machine translation models based on the SMILES representation, with a graph-to-graph translation model HierG2G, which has shown the state-of-the-art performance in molecular optimization. Our results show that the Transformer can generate more molecules with desirable properties by making small modifications to the given starting molecules, which can be intuitive to chemists. A further enrichment of diverse molecules can be achieved by using an ensemble of models.
Independent verification and validation of large software requirement specification databases (1992)

To enhance quality, an independent verification and validation (IV V) review is conducted as software requirements are defined. Requirements are inspected for consistency and completeness. IV V strives to detect defects early in the software development life cycle and to prevent problems before they occur. The IV V review process of a massive software requirements specification, the Reserve Component Automation System (RCAS) Functional Description (FD) is explored. Analysis of the RCAS FD error history determined that there are no predictors of errors. The size of the FD mandates electronic analysis of the databases. Software which successfully performs automated consistency and completeness checks is discussed. The process of verifying the quality of analysis software is described. The use of intuitive ad hoc techniques, in addition to the automatic analysis of the databases, is required because of the varying content of the requirements databases. The ad hoc investigation process is discussed. Case studies are provided to illustrate how the process works. This thesis demonstrates that it is possible to perform an IV V review on a massive software requirements specification. Automatic analysis enables inspecting for completeness and consistency. The work with the RCAS FD clearly indicates that the IV V review process is not static; it must continually grow, adapt, and change as conditions warrant. The ad hoc investigation process provides this required flexibility This process also analyzes errors discovered by manual review and automatic processing. The analysis results in the development of new algorithms and the addition of new programs to the automatic inspection software.
Nonlinear optimal control applied to STATCOM for power system stabilization (2003)

This paper presents the results of simulator test for improvement of power system stability by applying a nonlinear optimal control to a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM using the self-commutated converter was selected for this study among FACTS devices, and the power system oscillation damping control and voltage control were designed by using the approach of nonlinear optimal control based on the differential geometry theory. The capability of STATCOM supplies the reactive power at low voltage is larger than conventional SVC, and reactive power of STATCOM can be controlled continuously at high speed. The stabilizing control system was investigated supposing that STATCOM is used in the nonlinear operating points. Specifically, the stabilizing effects by nonlinear control theory were compared with the effects by linear control theory. It was confirmed that nonlinear control was more effective compared with linear control. Moreover, system conditions where nonlinear control operates effectively were clarified.
Borna Disease Virus Phosphoprotein Impairs the Developmental Program Controlling Neurogenesis and Reduces Human GABAergic Neurogenesis (2015)

It is well established that persistent viral infection may impair cellular function of specialized cells without overt damage. This concept, when applied to neurotropic viruses, may help to understand certain neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. Borna disease virus (BDV) is an excellent example of a persistent virus that targets the brain, impairs neural functions without cell lysis, and ultimately results in neurobehavioral disturbances. Recently, we have shown that BDV infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and impairs neurogenesis, revealing a new mechanism by which BDV may interfere with brain function. Here, we sought to identify the viral proteins and molecular pathways that are involved. Using lentiviral vectors for expression of the bdv-p and bdv-x viral genes, we demonstrate that the phosphoprotein P, but not the X protein, diminishes human neurogenesis and, more particularly, GABAergic neurogenesis. We further reveal a decrease in pro-neuronal factors known to be involved in neuronal differentiation (ApoE, Noggin, TH and Scg10/Stathmin2), demonstrating that cellular dysfunction is associated with impairment of specific components of the molecular program that controls neurogenesis. Our findings thus provide the first evidence that a viral protein impairs GABAergic human neurogenesis, a process that is dysregulated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. They improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which a persistent virus may interfere with brain development and function in the adult.
Impact of Genetically Modified Potato Expressing Plant-Derived Insect Resistance Genes on the Predatory BugPodisus maculiventris(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (2003)

The effects of the transgene proteins Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) on the predatory stinkbug Podisus maculiventris were studied under laboratory conditions. When the P. maculiventris were provided with tomato moth (L. oleracea) larvae injected with either GNA or CpTI at a dose of 10 μg day−1, growth was significantly reduced and, as a consequence, female adult weight was also significantly reduced. For GNA-fed and CpTI-fed P. maculiventris, this weight reduction was 11.3 and 16.6%, respectively. Males, however, were not significantly affected. Female bugs that had not been exposed to the transgene proteins as nymphs, however, showed no reduction in fecundity when these adults were provided with prey injected with either GNA or CpTI at this same dose. When provided with hosts that had been reared on transgenic plants expressing either GNA or CpTI, no effects on the survival of nymphs were observed and only small, largely non-significant, reductions in weights were recorded throughout preadult development. Male nymphs fed on the GNA-fed prey did, however, exhibit a significant lengthening of preadult development of 0.8 days. The subsequent adults showed significantly reduced egg production for the GNA treatment. The results indicate that P. maculiventris may suffer some indirect adverse effects from foraging for prey in crops expressing either GNA or CpTI, due to prey being of inferior quality, rather than to direct toxicity of the transgene products themselves.
Enhancement in acoustic focusing of micro and nanoparticles by thinning a microfluidic device (2019)

The manipulation of micro/nanoparticles has become increasingly important in biological and industrial fields. As a non-contact method for particle manipulation, acoustic focusing has been applied in sorting, enrichment and analysis of particles with microfluidic devices. Although the frequency and amplitude of acoustic waves and the dimensions of microchannels have been recognized as important parameters for acoustic focusing, the thickness of microfluidic devices has not been considered so far. Here, we report that thin glass microfluidic devices enhance acoustic focusing of micro/nanoparticles. It was found that the thickness of a microfluidic device strongly influences its ability to focus particles via acoustic radiation, because the energy propagation of acoustic waves is affected by the total mass of the device. Acoustic focusing of submicrometre polystyrene beads and <i>Escherichia coli</i> as well as enrichment of polystyrene beads were achieved in glass microfluidic devices as thin as 0.4 mm. Modifying the thickness of a microfluidic device can thus serve as a critical parameter for acoustic focusing when conventional parameters to achieve this effect are kept unchanged. Thus, our findings enable new approaches to the design of novel microfluidic devices.
Machine-Learning Based Model to Improve Insulin Bolus Calculation in Type 1 Diabetes Therapy (2020)

MIB dosage with the proposed LASSO <sub>Q</sub> model can potentially reduce the risk of adverse events in T1D therapy.