gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Achievable Rates for User Cooperation and Relay Channels (2004)

In this paper, we derive a new achievable rate region for the user cooperation channel, which exceeds the best known result for this channel [Wil83]. Since the user cooperation channel includes many other known channels as a special case, the new rate region provides an improved achievable rates for many of the special cases (discussed later). The most notable example is that of the Gaussian relay channel [CG79], for which we present a new closed form inner bound higher than the only known result (Theorem 5 in [CG79]). The basic idea of the proposed encoding and decoding scheme is easier to grasp for a simpler case, the relay channel, by keeping in mind the following Markovian scheme from [CG79]. In Markovian encoding, the relay decodes everything in the current block and uses it to establish a basis for common information sent from the transmitter and relay in the next block. The fact that Markovian coding does not achieve capacity depends on to two inter-related facts: (a) the relay decodes each codeword completely, and (b) discards the residual after decoding; this limits the relay channel capacity to the capacity between the source and the relay. Our proposed encoding does not require the relay to necessarily decode the whole codeword from the transmitter. In addition, the relay \source" encodes the whole received signal some implicit embedding of with the decoded information. Note that the signal transmitted by the relay is not separable into a source code and a channel code. For the user cooperation channel, the above operation is performed by both users for each others' signal.
Hybrid parallel task placement in X10 (2013)

This paper presents a hybrid parallel task-placement strategy that combines work stealing and work dealing to improve workload distribution across nodes in distributed shared-memory machines. Existing work-dealing-based load balancers suffer from large performance penalties resulting from excessive task migration and from excessive communication among the nodes to determine the target node for a migrated task. This work employs a simple heuristic to determine the load status of a node and also to detect a good target for migration of tasks.
Autosomal dominant motor system degeneration in a black family (1983)

Autosomal dominant motor system degeneration has been described primarily in Portuguese families from the Azorean Islands. The symptoms include various combinations of ataxia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, appendicular dystonias, tics, ophthalmoplegias, and peripheral neuropathies with amyotrophy. One non-Portuguese, non-Azorean black family has been described previously; this report describes a second such family affected by autosomal dominant motor system degeneration.
Highly Dispersed SiOx/Al2O3 Catalysts Illuminate the Reactivity of Isolated Silanol Sites (2015)

Abstract The reaction of γ‐alumina with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) vapor at low temperatures selectively yields monomeric SiO x species on the alumina surface. These isolated (‐AlO) 3 Si(OH) sites are characterized by PXRD, XPS, DRIFTS of adsorbed NH 3 , CO, and pyridine, and 29 Si and 27 Al DNP‐enhanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The formation of isolated sites suggests that TEOS reacts preferentially at strong Lewis acid sites on the γ‐Al 2 O 3 surface, functionalizing the surface with “mild” Brønsted acid sites. For liquid‐phase catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration, these SiO x sites exhibit up to 3.5‐fold higher specific activity than the parent alumina with identical selectivity.
Activatable Oligomerizable Imaging Agents for Photoacoustic Imaging of Furin-Like Activity in Living Subjects (2013)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is continuing to be applied for physiological imaging and more recently for molecular imaging of living subjects. Owing to its high spatial resolution in deep tissues, PA imaging holds great potential for biomedical applications and molecular diagnostics. There is however a lack of probes for targeted PA imaging, especially in the area of enzyme-activatable probes. Here we introduce a molecular probe, which upon proteolytic processing is retained at the site of enzyme activity and provides PA contrast. The probe oligomerizes via a condensation reaction and accumulates in cells and tumors that express the protease. We demonstrate that this probe reports furin and furin-like activity in cells and tumor models by generating a significantly higher PA signal relative to furin-deficient and nontarget controls. This probe could report enzyme activity in living subjects at depths significantly greater than fluorescence imaging probes and has potential for molecular imaging in deep tumors.
REST Regulates Non–Cell-Autonomous Neuronal Differentiation and Maturation of Neural Progenitor Cells via Secretogranin II (2015)

Our results reveal that REST regulates differentiation and maturation of neural progenitor cells in vitro by orchestrating both cell-intrinsic and non-cell-autonomous factors and that Scg2 is a major secretory target of REST with a differentiation-enhancing activity in a paracrine manner. In vivo, REST depletion causes accelerated differentiation of newborn neurons at the expense of spine defects, suggesting a potential role for REST in the timing of the maturation of granule neurons.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Genomic Variant Analysis of Kazakh Individuals (2022)

Kazakhstan, the ninth-largest country in the world, is located along the Great Silk Road and connects Europe with Asia. Historically, its territory has been inhabited by nomadic tribes, and modern-day Kazakhstan is a multiethnic country with a dominant Kazakh population. We sequenced and analyzed the genomes of five ethnic Kazakhs at high coverage using the Illumina HiSeq2000 next-generation sequencing platform. The five Kazakhs yielded a total number of base pairs ranging from 87,308,581,400 to 107,526,741,301. On average, 99.06% were properly mapped. Based on the Het/Hom and Ti/Tv ratios, the quality of the genomic data ranged from 1.35 to 1.49 and from 2.07 to 2.08, respectively. Genetic variants were identified and annotated. Functional analysis of the genetic variants identified several variants that were associated with higher risks of metabolic and neurogenerative diseases. The present study showed high levels of genetic admixture of Kazakhs that were comparable to those of other Central Asians. These whole-genome sequence data of healthy Kazakhs could contribute significantly to biomedical studies of common diseases as their findings could allow better insight into the genotype-phenotype relations at the population level.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Activity of AT-527, a Novel Purine Nucleotide Prodrug, in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Subjects with or without Cirrhosis (2019)

AT-527 is a novel modified guanosine nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase, with increased <i>in vitro</i> antiviral activity as compared to sofosbuvir and a highly differentiated favorable preclinical profile compared to other anti-HCV nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. This was a multiple part clinical study where multiple ascending doses of AT-527 up to 600 mg (expressed as AT-527 salt form; equivalent to 553 mg free base) once daily for seven days were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of treatment-naïve, non-cirrhotic, genotype 1b, HCV-infected subjects. The highest dose of AT-527 for the same duration was then evaluated in two open label cohorts of a) non-cirrhotic, genotype 3, HCV-infected subjects and b) HCV-infected subjects of any genotype with compensated (Child-Pugh A) cirrhosis. AT-527 was well tolerated for seven days in all cohorts. At the highest dose tested, mean HCV RNA reductions of up to 2.4 log<sub>10</sub> IU/mL occurred within the first 24 hours of dosing. Mean maximum reductions observed with seven days of dosing were 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 log<sub>10</sub> IU/mL in non-cirrhotic subjects with HCV genotype 1b, non-cirrhotic subjects with HCV genotype 3, and subjects with compensated cirrhosis, respectively. The systemic half-life of AT-273, the nucleoside metabolite considered a surrogate of intracellular phosphates including the active triphosphate, exceeded 20 hours, supporting once daily dosing. In summary, AT-527 demonstrated rapid, potent, dose/exposure-related and pan-genotypic antiviral activity with similar responses between subjects with and without cirrhosis. Exposure-antiviral response analysis identified 550 mg (free base equivalent) as the optimal dose of AT-527. Safety and antiviral activity data from this study warrant continued clinical development of AT-527 dosed once daily.
Molecular requirements for recognition at glucoreceptor for insulin release. (1979)

Alloxan and ninhydrin affect insulin release by first stimulation and then inhibition of subsequent glucose-induced insulin release from the β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. The structures of D-glucose and D-mannose, the two hexoses that protect against them and initiate insulin release, were analyzed and found to share with alloxan and ninhydrin common molecular properties. These common molecular properties were: An oxygen at C(1); a hydroxyl at C(2), either axial or equatorial; an equatorial oxygen at C(3); and at position 5 an electron density. Further structural analysis revealed that alloxan and ninhydrin would require little, if any, additional volume than that required for recognition of the active hexoses, D-glucose and D-mannose at a common site. Other hexoses (1-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-allose, D-galactose, lyxose, xylose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose, and L-glucose) which either did not protect against alloxan and ninhydrin or did not initiate insulin release were found to vary in their structure from the active hexoses. Based on the presently available evidence, a hypothesis was advanced that alloxan, ninhydrin, and the active hexoses interact at a common receptor to initiate the first phase of insulin release.
Anomaly Detection at Multiple Scales (ADAMS) (2011)

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the ti me for reviewing instructions . searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
Initial experience with a PET/computed tomography system using silicon photomultiplier detectors (2019)

The SiPM-based PET/CT system outperforms two standard Bismuth germanium oxide- and Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate-based scanners in terms of image quality, with further benefits added using TOF and BSREM. This may be beneficial for detecting small lesions and more accurate disease staging.
First report of a randomized phase II trial of multi-epitope vaccination with melanoma peptides for cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells in patients with metastatic melanoma: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E1602). (2010)

8508 Background: This multicenter randomized trial was designed to evaluate, in advanced previously treated melanoma, whether melanoma helper peptides augment CD8+ T-cell responses to a melanoma vaccine and improve clinical outcome. Methods: ECOG enrolled 174 patients with measurable stage IV melanoma into 4 treatment groups, each vaccinated with 12 MHC class I-restricted melanoma peptides (12MP) to stimulate CD8+ T cells alone (group A), plus either a tetanus peptide (group B) or a mixture of 6 melanoma helper peptides (6MHP) to stimulate CD4+ T cells (group C), or with 6MHP alone (group D), in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) plus GM-CSF. Clinical outcomes were recorded. CD8+ T-cell responses were assessed by in vitro stimulated IFN-gamma ELIspot assay, and CD4+ T-cell responses were assessed by proliferation assay. 167 were evaluable for toxicity, and 126 (of 142) analyzable for immunologic and clinical outcomes. Results: Vaccines were generally well-tolerated, but nine grade 4 toxicities were reported in 6 patients (4%): hematologic (5), tumor pain (1), infection (1), cardiac (1), and CNS (1). Best clinical response was PR in 6/126 evaluable patients (5%). Median survival was 11.4 months (95% CI 9.9,14.9) without differences among groups. CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were induced by 12MP, 6MHP, and tetanus peptides (Table, marked with an asterisk). CD8+ responses were highest in groups A (39%) and B (46%). Conclusions: These multipeptide vaccine preparations stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in patients with advanced melanoma, and are associated with objective clinical regressions in 5% of patients. Combination of the 12MP and 6MHP melanoma peptides to stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells adds no clinical or immunologic benefit over use of either peptide mixture alone, but each was associated with immunologic and clinical responses. CD8+ response CD4+ response Clinical response rate Group Vaccine N 12MP Tetanus peptide 6MHP A 12MP alone 36 39%* 11% 0% 3% B 12MP + tetanus 28 46%* 57%* 4% 4% C 12MP + 6MHP 28 29%* 4% 36%* 7% D 6MHP alone 34 3% 0% 35%* 6% Total 126 29% 17% 18% 5% Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Immatics Immatics Berlex/Genzyme, GlaxoSmithKline University of Virginia Patent Foundation
Observation of fractional spin textures and bulk-boundary correspondence (2021)

Abstract Recently a zoology of non-collinear chiral spin textures has been discovered, most of which, such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, have integer topological charges that provides them with enhanced stability. Here we report the experimental real-space observation of the formation and stability of fractional antiskyrmions and fractional elliptical skyrmions in a Heusler material. These fractional objects appear, over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field, at the edges of a sample, whose interior is occupied by an array of nano-objects with integer topological charges, in agreement with our simulations. We explore the evolution of these objects in the presence of magnetic fields and show their interconversion to objects with integer topological charges. This means the topological charge can be varied continuously. These fractional spin textures are not just another type of skyrmion, but are essentially a new state of matter that emerges and lives only at the boundary of a magnetic system. Moreover, they form the basis for topological quantum effects arising from the magnonic excitations around a skyrmion lattice. The coexistence of both integer and fractionally charged spin textures in the same material makes the Heusler family of compounds unique for the manipulation of the real-space topology of spin textures and thus an exciting platform especially for the future exploration of the magnonic bulk-boundary correspondence.
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE NON-LINEAR BEHAVIOR OF IRREGULAR SHAPED TALL CHIMNEYS (1993)

The main factor controlling the dynamic behavior of tall chimneys during an earthquake is the non-linearity due to bending moment and shear force. In-the case of these chimneys, the structure is so simple that non-linear characteristics are strongly affected by the shape, the size of the opening, and shear span ratio. In order to make clear the effect of these factors, lateral loading experiments were carried out on irregular-shaped reinforced concrete chimneys. This paper discusses the comparison between analysis by simple method and the test results. The reliability of this method for this paticular type chimney was confirmed.
Brief and high-interest video summary generation (2008)

Video summarization is essential for the user to understand the main theme of video sequences in a short period, especially when the volume of the video is huge and the content is highly redundant. In this paper, we present a video summarization system, built for the rushes summarization task in TRECVID 2008. The goal is to create a video excerpt including objects and events in the video with minimum redundancy and duration (up to 2% of the original video). We first segment a video into shots and then apply a multi-stage clustering algorithm to eliminate similar shots. Frame importance values that depend on both the temporal content variation and the spatial image salience are used to select the most interesting video clips as part of the summarization. We test our system with two output configurations - a dynamic playback rate and at the native playback rate - as a tradeoff between ground truth inclusion rate and ease of browsing. TRECVID evaluation results show that our system achieves a good inclusion rate and verify that the created video summarization is easy to understand.
Revisiting parallel catadioptric goniophotometers (2013)

A thorough knowledge of the angular distribution of light scattered by an illuminated surface under different angles is essential in numerous industrial and research applications. Traditionally, the angular distribution of a reflected or transmitted light flux as function of the illumination angle, described by the Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF), is measured with a point-by-point scanning goniophotometer yielding impractically long acquisition times. Significantly faster measurements can be achieved by a device capable of simultaneously imaging the far-field distribution of light scattered by a sample onto a two-dimensional sensor array. Such an angular-to-spatial mapping function can be realized with a parallel catadioptric mapping goniophotometer (CMG). In this contribution, we formally establish the design requirement for a reliable CMG. Based on heuristic considerations we show that, to avoid degrading the angular-to-spatial function, the acceptance angle of the lens system inherent to a CMG must be smaller than 60&deg;. By means of a parametric study, we investigate the practical design limitations of a CMG caused by the constraints imposed by the properties of a real lens system. Our study reveals that the values of the key design parameters of a CMG fall within a relatively small range. This imposes the shape of the ellipsoidal reflector and drastically restricts the room for a design trade-off between the sample size and the angular resolution. We provide a quantitative analysis for the key parameters of a CMG for two relevant cases.
Immunomodulatory Derivatives of Thalidomide (IMiD)-Induced Neutropenia Is Associated with PU.1 Downregulation and Myeloid Maturation Arrest (2008)

Abstract Previous clinical trials have shown that immunomodulatory derivatives of thalidomde (IMiDs) including lenalidomide or pomalidomide induce high response rates in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. However, the most dose limiting adverse effect of IMiDs is severe neutropenia. This is in contrast to our findings that IMiDs promote a shift in hematopoietic progenitor lineage commitment toward myeloid precursors with a subsequent maturation stop. In colony forming assays using human CD34+ hematopoietic precursors treated with IMiDs, we observed a highly significant increase in myeloid progenitor formation at the expense of erythroid colonies. Treatment of hematopoietic progenitors with IMiDs showed an upregulation of CD33, a marker for immature myeloid cells. Further, in vitro treatment with IMiDs resulted in downregulation of the transcription factor PU.1. PU.1 gene knock-down models show increased granulopoiesis with impaired neutrophil maturation, resulting in an accumulation of promyelocytes. In accordance with that, Cathepsin G as a promyelocytic marker was highly upregulated under treatment with IMiDs measured by high-density oligonucleotide microarray, quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA, confirming the maturation arrest of neutrophil granulocytes. To evaluate medullary changes in granulopoiesis in human subjects treated with lenalidomide, we evaluated sequential bone marrows from 6 patients comparing bone marrow features prior to treatment, during treatment, and at the time of grade 4 neutropenia. Marrows at the time of neutropenia showed an accumulation of myeloid precursors (myelocytes, metamyelocytes) supporting impaired myeloid maturation. In 5 out of 6 patients the myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio increased with an M:E median of 1.95 at pretreatment and 9.2 at the time of the neutrophil nadir. At the same time bone marrow cellularity was unchanged. In summary we show that IMiDs downregulate PU.1, a key transcription factor involved in granulocyte differentiation. The loss of PU.1 results in medullary accumulation of immature myeloid precursors, with corresponding neutropenia in the peripheral blood. Further high amounts of azurophilic granules of promyelocytes subsequently increase Cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase 2 resulting in enhanced platelet aggregation and a possible higher risk for venous thromboembolism. Our findings show that IMiDs do not induce neutropenia by marrow suppression but rather by transient block of maturation, which might be overcome by application of G-CSF.
Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Bis(stibole) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structure of a Novel Bis(stibole)Donald P. Hsu, Benjamin P. Warner, Richard A. Fisher, William M. Davis, and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 12, 5160–5162Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00024a068https://doi.org/10.1021/om00024a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Meta‐analysis: the association of hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Genotype C hepatitis B virus is associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than other major hepatitis B virus genotypes.
Commentary: The Year in Nuclear Receptor Control of Metabolism (2010)

This commentary highlights some of the most important discoveries in the field of nuclear receptor control of metabolism that occurred over the past year (2009 to 2010). As might be expected in a field that encompasses several hundred active laboratories, the task of providing a balanced look at these discoveries was daunting. Thus, to help make the selection of these discoveries, a small panel of colleagues was recruited to help. After selecting the top candidate discoveries from a Google search and a PubMed search, the panel was asked to rank them. These final selections were presented at The Year In Basic Science Session of the Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, ENDO 2010, the highlights of which are reproduced in this article.