gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OFDM frequency offset estimation based on BLUE principle (2003)

High performance frequency estimation is an important issue in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems since OFDM systems are very sensitive to carrier frequency offsets.Recently, Morelli & Mengali (M&M) [12] presented a near optimal frequency estimator based on the best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) principle.In this paper, we have presented three frequency estimation methods based on the BLUE principle.The third method has the same frequency estimation mean square error (MSE) performance as the M&M method.The first two methods give better MSE performance than the M&M method especially at low SNR values.The first two methods' MSE performances are essentially the same and quite close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound for all SNR values, hence, these proposed methods are very attractive for OFDM applications.
On microscale heterogeneity in granular media and its impact on elastic property estimation (2016)

ABSTRACT We emphasize the existence of stress-dependent microscopic heterogeneities in granular media and their influence on macroscopic property estimation using numerical simulations. Although numerical simulations based on contact mechanics successfully reproduce experimental stress-dependent acoustic response of granular media, most contact-mechanics-based effective medium theories (EMTs) fail. We have determined that the main reason for this discrepancy is an inadequate theoretical treatment of micro-heterogeneities in structure, force, and stress. Under infinitesimal perturbations used for estimating elastic moduli, microheterogeneities lead to displacements or relaxations — typically ignored in EMT. These infinitesimal granular relaxations are necessary to comply with detailed force balance, but do not involve grain slip and hence do not depend on friction. Furthermore, we have found that these relaxations primarily depend on the “amount” of heterogeneity, which to a first order are dependent on stress only and are independent of mineralogy. In the absence of an effective medium framework to estimate such relaxation corrections, we have provided simulation-based corrections to account for the impact of heterogeneity on elastic moduli calculations in EMT.
On the grid and sensor networks (2004)

The pervasive computing environment and the wired grid infrastructure can be combined to make the information grid truly pervasive. Interesting applications can be built by utilizing the computational abilities of the grid to answer queries on sensor data. We identify some of the research issues and challenges in building an infrastructure to support such applications. We present the design and preliminary implementation of the proposed infrastructure, identify the tradeoffs relating to sensor accuracy consumption, and report experimental results from a sample scenario involving firefighting.
Snapshots of a protein folding intermediate (2013)

We have investigated the folding dynamics of Thermus thermophilus cytochrome c 552 by time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer between the heme and each of seven site-specific fluorescent probes. We have found both an equilibrium unfolding intermediate and a distinct refolding intermediate from kinetics studies. Depending on the protein region monitored, we observed either two-state or three-state denaturation transitions. The unfolding intermediate associated with three-state folding exhibited native contacts in β-sheet and C-terminal helix regions. We probed the formation of a refolding intermediate by time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer between residue 110 and the heme using a continuous flow mixer. The intermediate ensemble, a heterogeneous mixture of compact and extended polypeptides, forms in a millisecond, substantially slower than the ∼100-μs formation of a burst-phase intermediate in cytochrome c . The surprising finding is that, unlike for cytochrome c , there is an observable folding intermediate, but no microsecond burst phase in the folding kinetics of the structurally related thermostable protein.
Birtamimab plus standard of care in light-chain amyloidosis: the phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled VITAL trial (2023)

Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare, typically fatal disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). Birtamimab is an investigational humanized monoclonal antibody designed to neutralize toxic LC aggregates and deplete insoluble organ-deposited amyloid via macrophage-induced phagocytosis. VITAL was a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of birtamimab + standard of care (SOC) in 260 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with AL amyloidosis. Patients received 24 mg/kg IV birtamimab + SOC or placebo + SOC every 28 days. The primary composite end point was the time to all-cause mortality (ACM) or centrally adjudicated cardiac hospitalization ≥91 days after the first study drug infusion. The trial was terminated early after an interim futility analysis; there was no significant difference in the primary composite end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.826; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.574-1.189; log-rank P = .303). A post hoc analysis of patients with Mayo stage IV AL amyloidosis, those at the highest risk of early mortality, showed significant improvement in the time to ACM with birtamimab at month 9 (HR, 0.413; 95% CI, 0.191-0.895; log-rank P = .021). At month 9, 74% of patients with Mayo stage IV AL amyloidosis treated with birtamimab and 49% of those given placebo survived. Overall, the rates of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs were generally similar between treatment arms. A confirmatory phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of birtamimab in patients with Mayo stage IV AL amyloidosis (AFFIRM-AL; NCT04973137) is currently enrolling. The VITAL trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02312206.
Molecular Assembled Structure and Nonlinar Optical Property of Azobenzene Dendrimers. (2000)

分子構造の繰返しに, アゾベンゼン色素を有するデンドリマーが高い分子内組織性を有し, 超分極率を有効に増幅していることを示した. 分子集合体から発生する2次非線形光学現象の起源は, 反転対象中心のない分子配向構造であるので, デンドリマーが分子内で高度に組織化し1軸配向を有していることが明らかとなった. 本研究では超分極率の測定をHyper-Rayleigh散乱法で行い, 解析したデンドリマーの2次非線形光学特性は, 溶液中における分子コンホメーションに反映している. したがって, デンドリマーの分子組織構造が, 分子内の自己組織化によって構築されていることを示すとともに, 観察した超分極率の増幅がデンドリマー組織体によって発現した特異な現象であることを示した. 本誌では, 以上の結論に併せて, 詳細を量子化学的に考察する目的でデンドリマーの3次構造と非線形光学現象について分子動力学計算と分子軌道計算を用いて解析した.
PHASE TRANSITION BETWEEN INCOHERENT AND COHERENT SUPERCONDUCTING STATES IN GRANULAR NbN FILMS (1978)

Resistance vs temperature and voltage vs current measurements on an ultra thin (30 Å) NbN film reveal the presence of a phase transition at 5.4 K from a superconducting but phase incoherent state to a phase coherent superconducting state.
Graft Polymers (2017)

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated.
Front Matter: Volume 9689 (2016)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9689, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Invited Panel Discussion, and Conference Committee listing.
Phase Winding of a Nematic Liquid Crystal by Dynamic Localized Reorientation of an Azo-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer (2014)

Azobenzene-based molecules forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) tethered to a glass surface are highly photosensitive and readily reorient liquid crystals in contact with them when illuminated with polarized actinic light. We probe the coupling of such monolayers to nematic liquid crystal in a hybrid cell by studying the dynamics of liquid crystal reorientation in response to local orientational changes of the monolayer induced by a focused actinic laser with a rotating polarization. The steady increase in the azimuth of the mean molecular orientation of the SAM around the laser beam locally reorients the nematic, winding up an extended set of nested rings of splay-bend nematic director reorientation until the cumulative elastic torque exceeds that of the surface coupling within the beam, after which the nematic director starts to slip. Quantitative analyses of the ring dynamics allow measurements of the anchoring strength of the azo-SAM and its interaction with the nematic liquid crystal.
P2–343: Imaging amyloid with I123 IMPY SPECT (2006)

SPECT imaging of CNS amyloid may facilitate early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and assist in objectively monitoring response to pathologically targeted therapy. I123 IMPY is a newly developed radiopharmaceutical drug that selectively binds to amyloid and can be safely administered to humans. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of I123 IMPY; to compare I123 IMPY uptake in patients with AD to cognitively normal elderly subjects. SPECT imaging was obtained over a period of 90 minutes following the intravenous administration of 185 MBq (5 mCi) of I123 IMPY in 4 AD patients (age 71–76) and 3 cognitively normal subjects (age 44–72). Uptake in neocortical, striatum and cerebellum were determined utilizing a region of interest template applied to all scans. Parietal, temporal and frontal to striatum ratios were compared between the two groups. SPECT images obtained 20–50 minute post injection provided the best differentiation. Mean parietal, temporal and frontal to striatal uptake ratios were significantly higher in AD patients (mean for all areas 1.22; range 1.18 to 1.31) compared to controls (mean for all areas = 0.85; range 0.79 to 0.88; p < 0.05). In this preliminary study AD patients had increased uptake of the SPECT amyloid radiopharmaceutical I123 IMPY compared to control subjects in areas of the brain known to have increased amyloid plaque deposits. This pilot study demonstrates the potential to detect amyloid plaques using a diagnostic imaging to method that is available in many community healthcare facilities. SPECT imaging using I123 IMPY may provide clinically meaningful diagnostic information and has the potential to serve as a useful imaging method to monitor the efficacy of therapy designed to reduce the burden of amyloid in neocortical brain areas.
Techniques for Testing the Quality of Parallel Pseudorandom Number Generators. (1995)

Ensuring that pseudorandom number generators have good randomness properties is more complicated in a multiprocessor implementationthan in the uniprocessor case. We discuss simple extensions of uniprocessor testing for SIMD parallel streams, and develop in detail a repeatability test for the SPMD paradigm. Examples of the application of these tests to an additive lagged-Fibonacci generator are also given. 1 Introduction Random numbers are used in applications ranging from scientific simulations to statistical sampling procedures. The impracticality in most cases of using true random numbers led to the development of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs). In the course of this development, testing procedures were designed to ensure that the necessarily deterministic sequence of numbers produced by these PRNGs had analytical and statistical properties which compared well with those of a true random stream. With the tests described by Knuth [1] and Marsaglia [2, 3], an intelligent user ...
Sustained anti-osteoporotic action of risedronate compared to anti-RANKL antibody following discontinuation in ovariectomized mice (2020)

Bisphosphonates and the anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody denosumab are effective anti-resorptive drugs commonly prescribed for osteoporosis. Both drugs may, however, have intolerable side effects; so, it is critical to examine their residual efficacy such as maintenance of bone mass following cessation. Therefore, we compared the changes in bone histology following discontinuation of the aminobisphosphonate risedronate and anti-RANKL antibody in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Twelve-week-old female C57BL/6 N mice were OVX or sham operated. Four weeks after surgery, mice were treated with vehicle, a single injection of anti-RANKL antibody (5 mg/kg), or risedronate (5 μg/kg/day, s.c.) for 4 weeks (the treatment period), followed by vehicle treatment for an additional 4 weeks (discontinuation period). The lumbar spine and proximal tibia were evaluated by micro-computed tomography. In addition, the lumbar spine, proximal tibia, and the femoral shaft were examined by bone histomorphometry. After 4 weeks of discontinuation, OVX mice initially treated with the anti-RANKL antibody exhibited a trend of bone loss associated with increased turnover in both trabecular and cortical bones, although the difference was not significant. By contrast, OVX mice treated with risedronate exhibited maintained or even increased bone mass and suppressed bone turnover. Patients discontinuing denosumab should be carefully monitored for recurrent osteoporosis symptoms, and a replacement drug should be considered.
Exploratory Full-Field Mechanical Analysis across the Osteochondral Tissue—Biomaterial Interface in an Ovine Model (2020)

Osteochondral injuries are increasingly prevalent, yet success in articular cartilage regeneration remains elusive, necessitating the development of new surgical interventions and novel medical devices. As part of device development, animal models are an important milestone in illustrating functionality of novel implants. Inspection of the tissue-biomaterial system is vital to understand and predict load-sharing capacity, fixation mechanics and micromotion, none of which are directly captured by traditional post-mortem techniques. This study aims to characterize the localised mechanics of an ex vivo ovine osteochondral tissue-biomaterial system extracted following six weeks in vivo testing, utilising laboratory micro-computed tomography, in situ loading and digital volume correlation. Herein, the full-field displacement and strain distributions were visualised across the interface of the system components, including newly formed tissue. The results from this exploratory study suggest that implant micromotion in respect to the surrounding tissue could be visualised in 3D across multiple loading steps. The methodology provides a non-destructive means to assess device performance holistically, informing device design to improve osteochondral regeneration strategies.
Thermostable valyl‐tRNA, isoleucyl‐tRNA and methionyl‐tRNA synthetases from an extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8: protein structure and Zn2+ binding (1984)

Thermostable valyl-tRNA, isoleucyl-tRNA and methionyl-tRNA synthetases have been purified from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. Valyl-tRNA and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases are found to be monomer proteins (Mr 108000 and 129000, respectively), while methionyl-tRNA synthetase is a dimer protein (Mr 150000). These enzymes are very similar with respect to amino acid compositions and alpha-helix contents as estimated by circular dichroism analyses. Furthermore, two Zn2+ are tightly bound to each of these synthetases. These data suggest that valyl-tRNA and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases consist of two domains, each corresponding to the subunit of methionyl-tRNA synthetase.
Supplementary Table 4 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pathway analysis of stroma from gastric cancer patients&lt;/p&gt;
Reprogramming adult hematopoietic cells (2010)

Reprogramming adult hematopoietic cells will provide opportunities to obtain valuable materials with minimum risk and burden to patients. Reprogrammed cells can be used in research to elucidate disease mechanisms and in drug or toxicity screening. In clinical settings, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells may be used to generate mature functional cells for various therapies.
Global computational alignment of tumor and cell line transcriptional profiles (2021)

Cell lines are key tools for preclinical cancer research, but it remains unclear how well they represent patient tumor samples. Direct comparisons of tumor and cell line transcriptional profiles are complicated by several factors, including the variable presence of normal cells in tumor samples. We thus develop an unsupervised alignment method (Celligner) and apply it to integrate several large-scale cell line and tumor RNA-Seq datasets. Although our method aligns the majority of cell lines with tumor samples of the same cancer type, it also reveals large differences in tumor similarity across cell lines. Using this approach, we identify several hundred cell lines from diverse lineages that present a more mesenchymal and undifferentiated transcriptional state and that exhibit distinct chemical and genetic dependencies. Celligner could be used to guide the selection of cell lines that more closely resemble patient tumors and improve the clinical translation of insights gained from cell lines.
Lead Shot Availability to Birds Using the North Platte River Near a Trap and Skeet Range (2007)

A trap and skeet shooting range gun club is located on the North Platte River, below the Guernsey Reservoir in Wyoming. In 1999, we obtained sediment samples to determine if lead shot from shooting activities was present and potentially available to waterfowl and bald eagles. We collected 25 sediment samples, each consisting of the upper 10 cm of sediment, every 1.5 meters along transects that paralleled the river bank and skeet range. Sediment was sorted using a series of sieves. Nineteen of the 25 samples contained at least one lead shot (range = 1-14 lead shot/sample). Samples nearest the bank where the range is located contained no shot but as we moved across the river, the number of samples with shot present increased. Clay target fragments also littered the riverbed. In 2003, we intensified our efforts by taking 300 sediment samples as described above, but we also recorded each sample location by GPS and plotted the data using Asset Surveyor to show the distribution and density of lead shot. We analyzed sediment, biofilm, crayfish, and white suckers to determine if lead and other metals were accumulating in the food chain and to assess potential threats to waterfowl and bald eagles feeding from the river. Samples of clay target fragments were also collected and analyzed because the paint of the targets may contain elevated concentrations of some metals, which could leach into the river. Lead shot was present and available to waterfowl but it was not present at a density associated with bird die-offs. We found that clay target fragments and shot were transported downstream and that greater concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and selenium were associated with orange-colored clay targets. However, except for selenium concentrations, trace metals including lead were not greatly elevated in sediment and biota. Elevated selenium concentrations in biota were most likely the result of sources upstream. Regulatory concerns associated with the discharge of lead shot and clay targets into a water of the United States are discussed.
Biochemical Function of msl5 ( pks8 plus pks17 ) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: Biosynthesis of Monomethyl Branched Unsaturated Fatty Acids (2003)

We show that the disruption of one of the mycocerosic acid synthase (mas)-like genes, msl5 (pks8 plus pks17) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv generates a mutant incapable of producing monomethyl branched unsaturated C(16) to C(20) fatty acids that are minor constituents of acyltrehaloses and sulfolipids. The msl5 mutation did not cause any significant change in the acyl lipid composition and also did not affect growth in culture, in mouse alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S, or in the murine lung.
Reduction of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Reduces NF-κB Activation in PBMCs (2004)

Reduction of postprandial glucose peak levels by acarbose reduces postprandial mononuclear NF-kappaB activation.
MPEG-21 enabled SVC Adaptation for Multi-User QoS-Adaptive Streaming (2008)

This paper presents a systematic approach to adapt a SVC bitstream to support multiple users simultaneously. Also, we show how the tools of MPEG-21 DIA can be used to enable interoperable and automatic adaptation in this case. The solution of our approach provides the users with optimal overall quality, a wide flexibility, and seamless adaptation.
08281 Executive Summary – Software Engineering for Tailor-made Data Management (2008)

Tailor-made data management software (DMS) is not only important in the field of embedded systems. DMS that incorporates only features that are required bear the potential to strip down the code base and to improve reliability and maintainability. In the past 20 years several new technologies have emerged that aim at lean, efficient, and well-structured software, which should also be applicable to DMS. In the Dagstuhl Seminar ``Software Engineering for Tailor-made Data Management'', July 6h to July 11th, 2008, 29 researchers from 7 countries discussed the development, application, and assessment of these new technologies in the context of DMS.
Focused Libraries of 16‐Substituted Estrone Derivatives and Modified E‐Ring Steroids: Inhibitors of 17ß‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (2006)

17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1), an oxidoreductase which has a preferential reductive activity using NADPH as cofactor, converts estrone to estradiol and is expressed in many steroidogenic tissues including breast and in malignant breast cells. As estradiol stimulates the growth and development of hormone-dependent breast cancer, inhibition of the final step of its synthesis is an attractive target for the treatment of this disease. The parallel synthesis of novel focused libraries of 16-substituted estrone derivatives and modified E-ring pyrazole steroids as new potent 17beta-HSD1 inhibitors is described. Substituted 3-O-sulfamoylated estrone derivatives were used as templates and were immobilised on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin to give resin-bound scaffolds with a multi-detachable linker. Novel focused libraries of 16-substituted estrone derivatives and new modified E-ring steroids were assembled from these immobilised templates using solid-phase organic synthesis and solution-phase methodologies. Among the derivatives synthesised, the most potent 17beta-HSD1 inhibitors were 25 and 26 with IC50 values in T-47D human breast cancer cells of 27 and 165 nm, respectively. Parallel synthesis resulting in a library of C5'-linked amides from the pyrazole E-ring led to the identification of 62 with an IC50 value of 700 nM. These potent inhibitors of 17beta-HSD1 have a 2-ethyl substituent which will decrease their estrogenic potential. Several novel 17beta-HSD1 inhibitors emerged from these libraries and these provide direction for further template exploration in this area. A new efficient diastereoselective synthesis of 25 has also been developed to facilitate supply for in vivo evaluation, and an X-ray crystal structure of this inhibitor is presented.