gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: MIMICS OF TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHETASE AND OF BIOCHEMICAL DEHYDROALANINE FORMATION (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von Pyridoxal (Ia) wird über die Stufen (Ib) und (Ic) das Pyridoxal ‐ β‐Cyclodextrin‐Konjugat (III) dargestellt, dessen Wirkung der des Enzyms Tryptophan‐Synthethase gleicht: Indol (IV) und β‐Chlor‐D,L‐alanin (V) (besseres Substrat als Serin) werden mit (III) in Gegenwart von Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 zunächst in die Spezies (VI) übergeführt, in deren Hohlraum Indol (IV) so plaziert ist, daß dann eine entsprechende C ‐ C‐Bindung unter Bildung von Tryptophan (VII) (mit 10proz. Überschuß an L‐Enantiomeren) Zustandekommen kann.
Compensating for the Phosphorescent Persistence in Intensified Cameras for Micro-PIV (2008)

Micro-PIV experiments rely upon the use of a microscope to achieve the higher spatial resolution. However, several optical limitations are introduced at these scales [1–3]. In addition, due to the low illumination levels, micro-PIV experiments require the use of either a cooled CCD camera or an image intensifier to provide increased signal-to-noise ratio. Although CCD cameras offer superior sensitivity and signal to noise ratio, intensified CMOS cameras offer an attractive alternative for performing high frequency measurements. However, intensified cameras are known to introduce artifacts such as added background noise. This study examines these issues and the feasibility of employing such technologies for microPIV through the use of the IDT-X5 intensified CMOS camera, capable of 500 Hz at a resolution of 2352×1728 pixels, with pulse separations as low as 2μs.
Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Multi-Sector Mode Enabling Highly Directional Full-Space Wireless Coverage (2023)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) model, which is not limited to traditional diagonal phase shift matrices, to unify different RIS modes/architectures. In this paper, we create a new branch of BD-RIS supporting a multi-sector mode. A multi-sector BD-RIS is modeled as multiple antennas connected to a multi-port group-connected reconfigurable impedance network. More specifically, antennas are divided into <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L \ge 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) sectors and arranged as a polygon prism with each sector covering <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> space. Different from the recently introduced concept of intelligent omni-surface (or simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS), the multi-sector BD-RIS not only achieves a full-space coverage, but also has significant performance gains thanks to the highly directional beam of each sector. We derive the constraint of the multi-sector BD-RIS and the corresponding channel model taking into account the relationship between antenna beamwidth and gain. With the proposed model, we first derive the scaling law of the received signal power for a multi-sector BD-RIS -assisted single-user system. We then propose efficient beamforming design algorithms to maximize the sum-rate of the multi-sector BD-RIS -assisted multiuser system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design and demonstrate the performance enhancement of the proposed multi-sector BD-RIS.
In situDissolution Analysis of Ultrathin Extreme Ultraviolet Resists (2012)

With extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists reaching resolution capabilities beyond the 20 nm half-pitch line and space patterns, a trend has emerged in applying ultrathin resists (film thickness less than 60 nm) to compensate for possible issues in resolution-limiting pattern collapse and line width roughness, among other aspects. Thus, a clear understanding of the pattern mechanisms of resists at these extreme conditions is necessary. This paper focuses on the pattern formation characteristics of various EUV resist platforms for ultrathin films during dissolution by using in situ high-speed atomic force microscopy in liquid. As a result, it was observed that, regardless of the resist platform, there is a decrease in the size of the “dissolution clusters” at ultrathin conditions. Such fundamental information on ultrathin resist films may provide possible pointers to further extend the potential of EUV resists for achieving higher resolution limits and minimal line width roughness.
Laser Synthesis of Carbonaceous TiO2 from Metal–Organic Frameworks: Optimum Support for Pd Nanoparticles for C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions (2018)

In this work, we report the development of highly active Pd nanoparticle catalysts encapsulated within novel carbonaceous and N-doped carbonaceous TiO2 support nanomaterials for C–C cross-coupling reactions. The support materials are generated, for the first time, via the laser-vaporization-controlled condensation (LVCC) of Ti and amino-functionalized Ti metal–organic frameworks (MOFs): MIL-125(Ti) and NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Ultrasmall crystalline anatase phases with a small fraction of the rutile phase of TiO2 nanoparticles are well dispersed within C and N-doped C spheres, resulting in improved supports for the Pd nanocatalysts. The Pd nanoparticles are generated by the photocatalytic reduction of Pd4+ ions in aqueous solutions containing the MOF-derived carbonaceous or N-doped carbonaceous TiO2 nanostructures using pulsed-laser irradiation without any chemical reducing agents or surface capping materials. The laser photoreduction of the Pd ions is accompanied by oxidative etching of the C spheres, resulting in the formation of hollow C spheres that can encapsulate the Pd nanoparticles to prevent particle aggregation and also to increase the catalyst–support interaction. With 0.3 mol % Pd loading on the TiO2-decorated N-doped carbonaceous support, a 100% conversion to the biphenyl product from the reaction of bromobenzene and benzeneboronic acid is achieved within 5 min under microwave reaction conditions at 80 °C. The catalytic properties of the Pd catalysts supported on the LVCC-generated TiO2-decorated N-doped hollow C spheres far surpass those Pd catalysts supported on the original MIL-125(Ti) and NH2-MIL-125(Ti) MOFs as well as on the TiO2-decorated N-doped carbonaceous supports prepared by thermal pyrolysis of the NH2-MIL-125(Ti) crystals. The results indicate that the TiO2-decorated N-doped hollow C spheres with hierarchical meso/microporous structures provide an optimum support for the Pd nanoparticles for high activity and no significant Pd leaching in the Suzuki C–C cross-coupling reactions. The superior activity and excellent reusability of this nanocatalyst are attributed to the encapsulation of small Pd nanoparticles (2.1 nm) within the high-surface-area TiO2-decorated N-doped C support (216 m2/g) and the unique optimum catalyst–support interaction provided by the Pd/N-doped C/TiO2 interfaces.
Flight Test Evaluation of a Prototype Local Area Augmentation System Architecture (1997)

A Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) architecture
alternative has been developed to provide satellite
navigation performance compliant with the stringent
requirements for aircraft precision approach and landing.
Code and carrier phase measurements from ground-based
airport pseuddites (APLs), located at each end of the
approach runway, are optimally processed at the aircraft
to improve vertical performance and thus increase
navigation availability. In addition, a new integrity
monitoring architecture is introduced to provide the
tightest achievable protection limits with respect to LAAS
reference receiver failures.
To demonstrate that the notional LAAS architecture is
realizable, a prototype system was implemented at Moffett
Federal Airfield in California for flight testing on a NASA
Beechcraft King Air. In this paper, the ground and air
components of the prototype architecture implementation
are described. The real-time experimental results from
King Air flight trials performed in September 1997 show
exceptional navigation performance with the APL
architecture, including a 955Z0vertical navigation error of
0.46 m.
Sparrow web (2003)

Sparrow Web is a server-based software tool that supports the creation and customization of group-writable Web pages. Templates in each page define the data schema and layout of that page's group-editable data items. Using different templates, page authors produce Web pages that support many tasks, including task lists, co-authored documents, bibliographies, home pages, faculty directories, and project lists. While lacking the rich UI of dedicated information-sharing applications, it is successful at supporting a variety of groups and tasks because it integrates information-sharing into Web pages, leveraging the affordances of the Web for supporting group work.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Prostate Cancer Progression Correlates with Increased Humoral Immune Response to a Human Endogenous Retrovirus GAG Protein (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 204K, Alignment of GAG proteins derived from human endogenous retroviruses and respective epitopes recognized by prostate cancer patient sera. A, Detail alignment from several GAG-HERV-K family members and the TI-35 binding site (red) highlighting the amino-acid differences present in GAG-HERV-K ch22q11.23 (blue). B, Western-blot analysis of immunoprecipitation of GAG-HERV-K from VCaP and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. WFP prostate cancer patient serum (WFP) was incubated with VCaP or LNCaP protein extract for 2 hours at 4{degrees}C. Protein-antibody complexes were pulled down using anti-human IgG sepharose beads. The pull-down pellet was submitted to SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analysis. Reactivity to GAG-HERV-K protein was developed by incubating the membrane with TI-35 monoclonal antibody. A pool of healthy donor sera was used as control (Con). C, Summary of ELISA results from epitope mapping using 20mers peptides overlapping by 10aa (71 peptides tested in total from JPT Innovative Peptide Solution, Berlin, Germany) spanning GAG-HERV-K and tested individually for recognition by monoclonal antibody TI-35 and different prostate cancer patient sera seropositive for GAG-HERV-K protein. The square symbol represents a positive reaction to the corresponding peptide (labeled by aminoacid start and end position). A pool of healthy donor sera was used as control (Con pool). Plates were coated with 5 uM peptide and the reaction was performed as previously described in methods&lt;/p&gt;
Development and clinical translation of OTIS: a wide-field OCT imaging device for ex-vivo tissue characterization (2016)

We have developed an automated, wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based imaging device (OTIS<sup>TM</sup> Perimeter Medical Imaging) for peri-operative, ex-vivo tissue imaging. This device features automated image acquisition, enabling rapid capture of high-resolution (15 &mu;m) OCT images from samples up to 10 cm in diameter. We report on the iterative progression of device development from phantom and pre-clinical (tumor xenograft) models through to initial clinical results. We discuss the challenges associated with proving a novel imaging technology against the clinical “gold standard” of conventional post-operative pathology.
Lack of Cardiac Response to Running Wheel in MuRF1 KO Mice (2010)

Muscle Ring Finger 1 (MuRF1) is a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that is upregulated under multiple models of muscle atrophy. MuRF1 knockout (KO) mice have significantly attenuated muscle mass loss under atrophy-inducing conditions including synthetic glucocorticoid treatment and denervation. Little is known, however, regarding the response of cardiac and skeletal muscle in MuRF1 KO mice to exercise. A previous study has shown that MAFbx (a different muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase) KO mice exhibit exaggerated cardiac growth following three weeks of running (Li et al. 2007). PURPOSE: To assess running behavior and adaptation of heart and skeletal muscle of MuRF1 KO mice to wheel running exercise. METHODS: Three month old male wild type (WT) and MuRF1 KO mice were placed in cages containing free running wheels for four weeks. Average running distance and speed were collected, and echocardiograms were performed before and after the exercise period. Heart and hindlimb muscles were collected and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for biochemical analyses. Animal type and treatment (con vs. run) comparisons were made using two-way ANOVA. Significance was established at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: WT mice had significantly higher average running speed (25 vs. 12 m/min) than MuRF1 KO mice. Additionally, average running distance (8.6 vs. 5.1 km/day) over the first two weeks was significantly greater in WT mice. At baseline, MuRF1 KO had significantly higher heart mass and posterior wall thickness compared to WT mice. Additionally, AKT phosphorylation (Ser473) was significantly higher in MuRF1 KO mice. Only WT mice, however, had significant cardiac increases in ejection fraction (16%) and fractional shortening (10%) in response to running. There was no difference in hindlimb muscle mass between WT and MuRF1 KO mice before or after exercise. The capacity for glucose and fatty acid metabolism may be altered in MuRF1 KO mice compared to WT mice. Basally, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase and,-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase were both higher in MuRF1 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS: Based on four weeks of wheel running MuRF1 KO mice appear to have impaired sprinting ability. MuRF1 KO mice exhibit physiological hypertrophy at baseline, but exhibit no additional growth following running. This is in stark contrast to MAFbx KO hearts that significantly hypertrophy following three weeks of wheel running. Overall, the differences in response to exercise in MuRF1 KO mice lend further support to the divergent roles that E3 ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1 have in striated muscle. Supported by NIH Grant ROI DK75801
Enhancing Neurogenesis of Neural Stem Cells using Homogeneous Nanohole Pattern-modified Conductive Platform (2019)

Biocompatible platforms, wherein cells attach and grow, are important for controlling cytoskeletal dynamics and steering stem cell functions, including differentiation. Among various components, membrane integrins play a key role in focal adhesion of cells (18–20 nm in size) and are, thus, highly sensitive to the nanotopographical features of underlying substrates. Hence, it is necessary to develop a platform/technique that can provide high flexibility in controlling nanostructure sizes. We report a platform modified with homogeneous nanohole patterns, effective in guiding neurogenesis of mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs). Sizes of nanoholes were easily generated and varied using laser interference lithography (LIL) by changing the incident angles of light interference on substrates. Among three different nanohole patterns fabricated on conducive transparent electrodes, 500 nm-sized nanoholes showed the best performance for cell adhesion and spreading based on F-actin and lamellipodia/filophodia expression. Enhanced biocompatibility and cell adhesion of these nanohole patterns ultimately resulted in enhancement of neurogenesis of mNSCs, based on the mRNAs expression level of mNSCs marker and several neuronal markers. Therefore, platforms modified with homogeneous nanohole patterns fabricated by LIL are promising for precise tuning of nanostructures of tissue culture platforms and useful for controlling various differentiation lineages of stem cells.
Identification of Phenylphthalazinones as a New Class of Leishmania infantum Inhibitors (2019)

Leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease caused by over 20 different Leishmania species. Current treatments often rely on harsh regimes of pentavalent antimonials such as sodium stibogluconate, while more recent drugs suffer other shortcomings such as low stability and rapid emergence of treatment failure, amongst others. Furthermore, the effectiveness of drugs varies depending on the infecting Leishmania species, thus there is an urgent need for new and effective anti-leishmanial drugs. Screening of an in-house compound library identified the hexahydrophthalazinone NPD-2942 as a low micromolar hit with a pIC<sub>50</sub> of 5.8 against L. infantum and a pIC<sub>50</sub> of 4.6 for cytotoxicity against human MRC-5 fibroblasts. To derive structure-activity relationships, we modified the cyclohexyl ring of the hexahydrophthalazinone scaffold and 1,2,3-triazoles were attempted as replacement for the pyrazole ring, amongst others. Ultimately, the 2,3-pyrazole-substituted hexahydrophthalazinone NPD-1289 was identified as the most potent analogue in this series with a pIC<sub>50</sub> of 6.3, although some cytotoxicity toward MRC-5 cells (pIC<sub>50</sub> =5.1) was recorded as well. Replacement of the unsubstituted 2,3-pyrazole with 1,2,3-triazoles led to compounds with lower anti-leishmanial activity. The current scaffold is a valuable new starting point for optimization toward novel anti-leishmanial drugs.
2006 Best of the Rest in Urological Survey (2006)

No AccessJournal of Urology2006 best of the rest in urological survey1 Dec 20062006 Best of the Rest in Urological Survey Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. James E. Montie, M.D. James E. Montie, M.D Ralph V. Clayman, M.D. Richard E. Berger, andM.D. Douglas A. CanningM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , James E. MontieJames E. Montie More articles by this author , James E. MontieJames E. Montie More articles by this author , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author , Richard E. BergerRichard E. Berger More articles by this author , and Douglas A. CanningDouglas A. Canning More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.014AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2006FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 176Issue 6December 2006Page: 2337-2341 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author James E. Montie More articles by this author James E. Montie More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Richard E. Berger More articles by this author Douglas A. Canning More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Bilateral matched impedance teleoperation with application to excavator control (2002)

This paper addresses issues of transparency and implementation of dual hybrid teleoperation. A method for automatically adjusting the master and slave impedances to match stiff and soft environments and to interpolate in between them is presented and evaluated using simulations. The application of this technique to the force-feedback control of a mini-excavator is also presented and discussed with supporting experimental results.
Demonstration of proof-of-concept of StrokeShield system for complete closure and occlusion of the left atrial appendage for non-valvular atrial fibrillation therapy (2021)

In the US, the most significant morbidity and mortality associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is embolic stroke, with 90% of thrombus originating from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for the prevention of stroke in NVAF patients, but clinical studies have demonstrated high levels of non-compliance and increased risk of bleeding or ineligibility for anticoagulation therapy, especially in the elderly population where the incidence of NVAF is highest. Alternatively, stroke may be preventing using clinically approved surgical and catheter-based devices to exclude or occlude the LAA, but these devices continue to be plagued by peri-device leaks and thrombus formation because of residual volume. To overcome these limitations, Cor Habere (Louisville, KY) and the University of Louisville are developing a LAA closure device (StrokeShield) that completely occludes and collapses the LAA to minimize the risk of stroke. The StrokeShield device is a collapsible occluder (nitinol reinforced membrane) that completely covers the LAA orifice with an expandable conical coil anchor that attaches to the myocardium. The device is designed for catheter-based delivery and expands to completely occlude the LAA orifice and collapse the LAA. The primary advantages of the StrokeShield system are a completely sealed LAA (no peri-device flow or residual space) and smooth endothelialized connection to the left atrial wall with minimal risk of cardiac bleeding and tamponade. We tested proof-of-concept of a prototype StrokeShield device in acute (n = 2) and chronic 60-day (n = 2) healthy canine models. Acute results demonstrated that the conical coil securely attached to the myocardium (5N pull-out force) and the Nitinol umbrella fully deployed and covered the LAA ostium. Results from the chronic implants demonstrated long-term feasibility of device placement with no procedural or device-related intra- or post-operative complications, secure placement and correct positioning of the device with no device migration. The device successfully occluded the LAA ostium and collapsed the LAA with no interference with the mitral valve, circumflex coronary artery, or pulmonary veins. Necropsy demonstrated no gross signs of thrombus or end-organ damage and the device was encapsulated in the LAA. Histology demonstrated mature neointima covering the device with expected foreign body inflammatory response. These early positive results will help to guide the iterative design process for the continued development of the StrokeShield system.
Structure elucidation of three isomeric metabolites of SYN-2836, a novel antifungal agent, in dogs via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methodologies (1999)

This paper presents liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) approaches for the rapid characterization of three urinary isomeric metabolites and their two precursor metabolites of SYN-2836, a novel antifungal agent, in dogs administered multiple oral doses of the agent (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). A collection of correlative data regarding the SYN-2836 metabolites was obtained by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS performed under complementary conditions such as the columns (C(18) vs cyano type), the mobile phase systems (acetonitrile-water-formic acid vs acetonitrile-water-ammonium acetate) and the electrospray ionization modes (positive vs negative). Metabolite identification was accomplished based on not only the LC/MS/MS data (product ion spectra) but also the LC/MS data indicating chromatographic behaviors of the metabolites. SYN-2836 and SYN-2869, an analog of the former, showed almost the same metabolic pathways following the same multiple-dose administration of the individual agents to the dogs. Therefore, correlation analysis in product ion spectra between corresponding metabolites of SYN-2836 and SYN-2869, and also in metabolic pathways between the two agents, was strategically used to facilitate the identification of the SYN-2836 (and SYN-2869 if necessary) metabolites. For the reason that various elucidation strategies were used complementarily, the chemical structures of the metabolites were unambiguously attained and the isomeric metabolites were explicitly differentiated without the use of other analytical methods. The methodologies used in this study may be applicable to metabolite screening of several structurally related agents simultaneously, promoting lead finding and optimization of drug candidates using a metabolism-based approach.