gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Polymer Thin Films : Application to Biosensors (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Spectral Imaging of Matisse's Pot of Geraniums: A Case Study (2003)

The accuracy of color image-acquisition systems is most often evaluated using test targets of uniform color patches imaged under optimal conditions. In artwork imaging, system performance is judged visually, comparing the art with images rendered for display or print. Because the surface properties of the art may not be uniform, the spectral properties of the pigments may be different than the test targets, the sizes may be different, renderings are often metameric to the art, taking and viewing lighting geometries may be different, and the museum observers are more experienced than scientists in judging color accuracy visually, color accuracy as determined on a visual basis may be quite different than target performance. Therefore, an experiment was performed where a spectral-imaging system, designed for scientific purposes under laboratory conditions, was taken to a museum and tested in its photographic and conservation departments. The work of art evaluated was Henri Matisse's Pot of Geraniums. Spectral and colorimetric comparisons were made between in situ small aperture spectrophotometry and imaging. The average performance was 3.7&#x394;E&#x221E; and 3.1% spectral RMS; this was similar to an independent verification target of typical artist pigments applied to a canvas board. Viewed in close up, this level of accuracy yielded reasonable color matching for images rendered for display and print. Viewed overall, the matching quality worsened, a result of using diffuse lighting during image acquisition. Renderings appeared &#x201C;flat&#x201D; and reduced in perceived contrast. This indicates that when creating an image archive for both scientific and visual purposes, it will be necessary to use both directional and diffuse lighting geometries.
The highly conserved FOXJ1 target CFAP161 is dispensable for motile ciliary function in mouse and Xenopus (2021)

Cilia are protrusions of the cell surface and composed of hundreds of proteins many of which are evolutionary and functionally well conserved. In cells assembling motile cilia the expression of numerous ciliary components is under the control of the transcription factor FOXJ1. Here, we analyse the evolutionary conserved FOXJ1 target CFAP161 in Xenopus and mouse. In both species Cfap161 expression correlates with the presence of motile cilia and depends on FOXJ1. Tagged CFAP161 localises to the basal bodies of multiciliated cells of the Xenopus larval epidermis, and in mice CFAP161 protein localises to the axoneme. Surprisingly, disruption of the Cfap161 gene in both species did not lead to motile cilia-related phenotypes, which contrasts with the conserved expression in cells carrying motile cilia and high sequence conservation. In mice mutation of Cfap161 stabilised the mutant mRNA making genetic compensation triggered by mRNA decay unlikely. However, genes related to microtubules and cilia, microtubule motor activity and inner dyneins were dysregulated, which might buffer the Cfap161 mutation.
Single-step sub-200  fs mid-infrared generation from an optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped by an erbium fiber laser (2016)

We demonstrate the single-step generation of mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses in a AgGaSe<sub>2</sub> optical parametric oscillator that is synchronously pumped by a 100 MHz repetition rate sub-90 fs erbium fiber laser. The tuning range of the idler beam in principle covers ∼3.5 to 17 μm, only dependent on the choice of cavity and mirror design. As an example, we experimentally demonstrate idler pulse generation from 4.8 to 6.0 μm optimized for selective vibrational resonant molecular spectroscopy. We find an oscillation threshold as low as 150 mW of pump power. At 300 mW pump power and a central wavelength of ∼5.0 μm, we achieve an average infrared power of up to 17.5 mW, with a photon conversion efficiency of ∼18%. A pulse duration of ∼180 fs is determined from a nonlinear cross-correlation with residual pump light. The single-step nonlinear conversion leads to a high power stability with <1% average power drift at <0.5% rms noise over 1 h.
Spinal Cord Injury (1990)

Phillips, Lynn; Ozer, Mark N.; Axelson, Peter; Chizeck, Howard; Britell, Catherine W.; Fonseca, Juan; Bayless, M. Elizabeth; Watson, Horace E. MD Author Information
Phase-Transition Mechanism Investigations in Monoclinic Li2FeSiO4 Orthosilicate Cathode (2015)

Lithium transition metal silicates Li 2 M SiO 4 ( M = Fe, Mn, Co, etc .) 1 , 2 , well-known for their 2-Li theoretical capacity, draw increasingly more attention. In this text, we propose a hydrothermal method 3 to obtain phase-pure nanoscale lithium iron silicate Li 2 FeSiO 4 for probing its electrochemical performance as Li-ion battery cathode. Two types of Li 2 FeSiO 4 crystals are prepared, namely low-temperature monoclinic phase and high-temperature orthorhombic phase and their electrochemical performance is found to be strongly structure-depended. As a result, the electrochemistry-structure relationships are systematically investigated using in-situ synchrotron XRD/XANES characterizations and first-principles calculations. The results demonstrate that there are obvious phase transitions for the metastable monoclinic Li 2 FeSiO 4 electrode upon cycling 4 and the Li ion has poor diffusion kinetics with activation energy of minimum 0.80 eV in both structures. Furthermore the charge compensation mechanism is discussed by XANES and calculations in monoclinic Li 2 FeSiO 4 structure for more than one Li extraction. All of these findings reveal some missing links in our fundamental comprehension of these materials and provide ideas for designing/obtaining improved silicate cathode materials. References 1. Nyten, A., Abouimrane, A., Armand, M., Gustafsson, T. &amp; Thomas, J. O. Electrochemical performance of Li 2 FeSiO 4 as a new Li-battery cathode material. Electrochem. Commun. 7 , 156-160, (2005). 2. Gummow, R. J., He, Y., Recent progress in the development of Li 2 MnSiO 4 cathode materials. J. Power Sources, 253 , 253, 315-331 (2014). 3. Wei, H.J. et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Li 2 FeSiO 4 as Candidate High-Capacity Li-ion Battery Cathode Material. 227 th ECS Meeting, May 24-28 ( 2015 ), Chicago, Illinois, USA. 4. Xia Lu, Huijing Wei, Hsien-Chieh Chiu, Raynald Gauvin, Pierre Hovington, Abdelbast Guerfi, Karim Zaghib and George P. Demopoulos, Rate-dependent phase transitions in Li 2 FeSiO 4 cathode nanocrystals, Sci. Re. in revision (2014).
Differential Pressure Measurement on Insect Modeled Ornithopter with MEMS Sensor in Free-flight (2010)

To achieve flight, an insect generates aerodynamic force by flapping its wings. However, this aerodynamic force acting on the wings has not been directly measured during free-flight. In this study, we fabricated an ornithopter modeled on a hawk moth, and attached a MEMS differential pressure sensor on its wing. Then, we measured differential pressure between upper and lower surfaces of the wing during free-flight. Reynolds number of the wing and wing load of the ornithopter were designed to be 4.2 × 103[–], and 7.5[N/m2], which were close to those of a hawk moth. The mass, wing length and flapping frequency were 6.8[g], 110[mm] and 13[Hz], respectively. The maximum differential pressures at the center of the wing were 39[Pa] and 18[Pa] during downstroke and upstroke, which were 5 and 2 times larger than the wing load. The differential pressure contributed vertical pressure of 38[Pa] during downstroke and horizontal pressure of 15[Pa] during upstroke. The time average of vertical differential pressure was 7.0[Pa], which was as large as the wing load of the ornithopter.
Monitoring of Cornea Elastic Properties Changes during UV-A/Riboflavin-Induced Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking using Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging: A Pilot Study (2012)

The in vivo CXL experiments performed on pigs demonstrated that the quantitative estimation of local stiffness and the 2-D elastic maps of the corneal surface provide an efficient way to monitor the local efficacy of corneal cross-linking.
Stable Isotope Ratios Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy:  Determination of 13C/12C for Carbon Dioxide in Human Breath (2002)

We have constructed a cavity ring-down spectrometer employing a near-IR external cavity diode laser capable of measuring 13C/12C isotopic ratios in CO2 in human breath. The system, which has a demonstrated minimum detectable absorption loss of 3.2 x 10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2), determines the isotopic ratio of 13C16O16O/12C16O16O by measuring the intensities of rotationally resolved absorption features of each species. As in isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), the isotopic ratio of a sample is compared to that of a standard CO2 sample calibrated to the Pee Dee Belemnite scale and reported as the sample's delta13C value. Measurements of eight replicate CO2 samples standardized by IRMS and consisting of 5% CO2 in N2 at atmospheric pressure demonstrated a precision of 0.22/1000 for the technique. Delta13C values were also obtained for breath samples from individuals testing positive and negative for the presence of Helicobacter pylori, the leading cause of peptic ulcers in humans. This study demonstrates the ability of the instrument to obtain delta13C values in breath samples with sufficient precision to serve as a useful medical diagnostic.
An Error Rate Comparison of Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Sparse Code Multiple Access (2021)

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been envisioned as one of the key enabling techniques to fulfill the requirements of future wireless networks. The primary benefit of NOMA is higher spectrum efficiency compared to Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA). This paper presents an error rate comparison of two distinct NOMA schemes, i.e., power domain NOMA (PD-NOMA) and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA). In a typical PD-NOMA system, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is utilized at the receiver, which however may lead to error propagation. In comparison, message passing decoding is employed in SCMA. To attain the best error rate performance of PD-NOMA, we optimize the power allocation with the aid of pairwise error probability and then carry out the decoding using generalized sphere decoder (GSD). Our extensive simulation results show that SCMA system with “ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ” setting (i.e., ten users communicate over five subcarriers, each active over two subcarriers) achieves better uncoded BER and coded BER performance than both typical “ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ” and “ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ” PD-NOMA systems in uplink Rayleigh fading channel. Finally, the impacts of channel estimation error on SCMA, SIC and GSD based PD-NOMA and the complexity of multiuser detection schemes are also discussed.
Quantification of Cholesterol-Metabolizing P450s CYP27A1 and CYP46A1 in Neural Tissues Reveals a Lack of Enzyme−Product Correlations in Human Retina but Not Human Brain (2010)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP or P450) 46A1 and 27A1 play important roles in cholesterol elimination from the brain and retina, respectively, yet they have not been quantified in human organs because of their low abundance and association with membrane. On the basis of our previous development of a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) workflow for measurements of low-abundance membrane proteins, we quantified CYP46A1 and CYP27A1 in human brain and retina samples from four donors. These enzymes were quantified in the total membrane pellet, a fraction of the whole tissue homogenate, using ¹⁵N-labled recombinant P450s as internal standards. The average P450 concentrations/mg of total tissue protein were 345 fmol of CYP46A1 and 110 fmol of CYP27A1 in the temporal lobe, and 60 fmol of CYP46A1 and 490 fmol of CYP27A1 in the retina. The corresponding P450 metabolites were then measured in the same tissue samples and compared to the P450 enzyme concentrations. Investigation of the enzyme-product relationships and analysis of the P450 measurements based on different signature peptides revealed a possibility of retina-specific post-translational modification of CYP27A1. The data obtained provide important insights into the mechanisms of cholesterol elimination from different neural tissues.
Photodynamic detection of a canine glioblastoma using 5‐aminolevulinic acid (2018)

Photodynamic detection using 5-aminolevulinic acid has been used to identify the surgical margins during resection of human primary brain tumours. Although there are some reports on its use in malignant tumours in veterinary medicine, it has never been used for primary brain tumours. Here we describe a canine glioblastoma that was detected at autopsy with protoporphyrin IX fluorescence induced by orally administered 5-aminolevulinic acid. The fluorescence was strongest towards the centre of the lesion and was absent in normal brain tissue. Moreover, the fluorescence findings were consistent with MRI and histopathological findings. Our findings suggest that photodynamic detection using 5-aminolevulinic acid might be useful for intraoperative fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas in dogs.
Topology optimized acoustic and all-dielectric optical cloa ks (2011)

In this paper we present an alternative way of designing electromagnetic and acoustic cloaks based on isotropic and non-extreme materials. Using the standard gradient-based topology optimization method we vary the isotropic material properties within the cloak in an iterative approach, such that the norm of the scattered (electric, magnetic or acoustic) field in the surroundings is minimized. Both optimized graded-index designs and optimized designs based on circular inclusions in a background material are presented. For the specified angle of incidence the cloaking properties is shown numerically to be nearly perfect in a limited frequency range.
Polycarbonates (2001)

Abstract Polycarbonates are a unique and useful class of engineering thermoplastics, known for their toughness, high heat properties, and optical clarity. Polycarbonates are manufactured by a number of companies, including GE Plastics (Lexan), Bayer (Makrolon), Dow Chemical (Caliber), Teijin Ltd. (Panlite), and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (Iupilon), as well as many others. Most commercial polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A (2,2‐bis‐[4‐hydroxyphenyl]propane) and blends of that polycarbonate with other materials. Polycarbonates are prepared commercially by two chemical processes: Schotten–Baumann reaction of bisphenol A with phosgene in an interfacial, amine‐catalyzed condensation in a chlorinated solvent, or via a base‐catalyzed transesterification reaction of bisphenol A with diphenyl carbonate carried out in the melt. Each process has its own advantages and disadvantages. Global production is currently over 2 million tons annually. Research on polycarbonates continues to be carried out both in academics and in industry, with nearly 20,000 patents having appeared globally.
Excitation volumetric effects (EVE) in metal-enhanced fluorescence (2011)

Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) effects from different density silver island films (SiFs) and the effects of far-field excitation irradiance on the observed enhancement of fluorescence were studied. It is shown that MEF non-linearly depends on silver nanoparticle (NP) size/density, reaching a maximum value for SiFs made at a deposition time (DT) of ∼5 minutes, i.e. just before SiFs become continuous. Numerical simulations of the silver-islands growing on glass revealed that the near-field magnitude depends non-linearly on size and interparticle distance exhibiting dramatic enhancement at ∼10 nm distance between the NPs. In addition, a remarkable effect of modulation in MEF efficiency by far-field excitation irradiance has been observed, which can be correlated well with numerical simulations that show an excitation power volume dependence. The near-field volume changes non-linearly with far-field power. This unique observation has profound implications in MEF, which has rapidly emerged as a powerful tool in the biosciences and ultimately allows for tunable fluorescence enhancement factors.
Toughening of Polylactic Acid Modified with Reactive Silicones (2012)

To expand the use of polylactic acid (PLA), a biomass-based polymer, in durable products, we improved its toughness by adding reactive silicones with amino or epoxy functional groups. We investigated the effects of the silicones with regard to their functional group densities and viscosities on their dispersion in PLA, their migration on PLA/silicone composite surfaces, and the toughness of PLA. As a result, reactive silicones that are moderately disperse (particle sizes: 1–20 µm), did not migrate and improved the impact strength of PLA. Moreover, silicones with relatively low viscosity (15–300 mm2/s) improved the break elongation of PLA. Especially, an amino silicone with an amino group equivalent weight of 4000 g/mol and a viscosity of 230 mm2/s remarkably improved the toughness of PLA while maintaining its high flexural strength.
A phase II, open-label study of PTK787/ZK222584 in the treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) resistant to imatinib mesylate (2006)

9531 Background: PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK/ZK) is a novel, oral selective inhibitor of certain receptor tyrosine kinases that may be important in the molecular pathogenesis of GIST (KIT, PDGFRs, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). The efficacy and safety of PTK/ZK are not known in the treatment of imatinib resistant GIST. Methods: Pts who had histologically diagnosed, metastatic GIST that had progressed after at least 4 weeks of treatment with imatinib were eligible. Prior therapy with KDR inhibitor therapy was not allowed. PTK/ZK was administered orally 1,250 mg once daily until treatment failure. No concomitant systemic cancer treatments were allowed. Treatment response was monitored at 4 to 8 wk intervals and evaluated using the RECIST criteria. Adverse events (AE) were scored using the NCI/NIH Common Toxicity Criteria v. 2.0. A total of 15 pts were planned to be accrued as a 2-stage procedure. The highest prior imatinib dose: 400 mg, n=1; 600 mg, n=2; 800 mg, n=11; 1,000 mg, n=1. Prior response to imatinib: PR, n=8; SD, n=5; PD, n=1; unknown, n=1. Results: All 15 pts (M 12, F 3) enrolled were eligible. Two (13%) pts achieved PR, 8 (53%) had SD for 3 months or longer, and 5 progressed. The clinical benefit rate (PR+SD) was 67% (95% CI, 38% to 86%). The duration of the 2 PRs was 95 + and 225+ days and 8 SDs from 93+ to 346+ days. All PRs and SDs are ongoing to date. The median time to treatment failure (TTTF) has not been reached. PTK/ZK was well tolerated. The most frequently recorded AEs were dizziness (n=6), nausea/vomiting (n=6), abdominal pain/abdominal pain upper (n=4) and asthenia (n=4). All recorded AEs were either of grade 1 or 2 except for 2 events (grade 4 hypercalcemia, n=1; grade 4 pain, n=1). Conclusions: PTK787/ZK222584 showed signs of activity in this series of GIST patients who progressed during imatinib treatment. The dose of 1,250 mg o.d. is generally well tolerated. [Table: see text]
Liquid crystal elastomer coatings with programmed response of surface profile (2018)

Stimuli-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with a strong coupling of orientational molecular order and rubber-like elasticity, show a great potential as working elements in soft robotics, sensing, transport and propulsion systems. We demonstrate a dynamic thermal control of the surface topography of LCE coatings achieved through pre-designed patterns of in-plane molecular orientation. These patterns determine whether the LCE coating develops elevations, depressions, or in-plane deformations. The deterministic dependence of the out-of-plane dynamic surface profile on the in-plane orientational pattern is explained by activation forces. These forces are caused by two factors: (i) stretching-contraction of the polymer networks driven by temperature; (ii) spatially varying orientation of the LCE. The activation force concept brings the responsive LCEs into the domain of active matter. The demonstrated relationship can be used to design programmable coatings with functionalities that mimic biological tissues such as skin.
Large format HgCdTe focal plane arrays for dual-band long-wavelength infrared detection (2010)

Raytheon Visions Systems (RVS) is furthering its capability to deliver state-of-the-art high performance large format HgCdTe focal plane arrays (FPAs) for dual-band long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection.
Multi-Tb/s hybrid optical communications architecture using novel multiplexing and modulation schemes (2020)

A novel hybrid architecture combining spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photon-based multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) is presented to achieve multi-Tb/s serial data transmission rates in single-core optical fibers.
Wideband system-level simulator for passive UHF RFID (2009)

A chip manufacturing process requires extensive support of CAD-tools in order to predict the behavior of the embedded circuitry and to ensure the intended system functionality. Past experience shows that the overall performance of UHF RFID systems is mainly limited by multipath propagation and detuning. In this context, system-level simulations are vital to assess the overall performance and improve the embedded circuit. We present a simulator framework capable of handling chip-level tag models, fading MIMO radio channels, and interrogator building blocks on signal level. It is based on highly flexible behavioral tag-models instead of highly accurate but static ASIC models. In contrast to other UHF RFID simulators, it is explicitly designed to handle wideband signals, fading channels, nonlinearities, and detuning effects. The simulator is currently used to develop and evaluate the performance of ranging and realtime channel estimation systems. The presented results emphasize the feasibility of our framework in the evaluation of a range estimation approach between a standard UHF RFID transponder and an interrogator.
Antenna Selection Training in MIMO-OFDM/OFDMA Cellular Systems (2007)

Antenna selection allows multiple-antenna systems to achieve most of their promised diversity gain, while keeping the number of RF chains and, thus, cost/complexity low. In this paper we investigate antenna selection for fourth-generation OFDMA- based cellular communications systems, in particular, 3GPP LTE (long-term evolution) systems. We propose a training method for antenna selection that is especially suitable for OFDMA. By means of simulation, we evaluate the SNR-gain that can be achieved with our design. We find that the performance depends on the bandwidth assigned to each user, the scheduling method (round-robin or frequency-domain scheduling), and the Doppler spread. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the training sequence plays a critical role. Typical SNR gains are around 2 dB, with larger values obtainable in certain circumstances.