gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decision Making With Uncertainty While Developing Multiple Gas/Condensate Reservoirs (2005)

Abstract Well-developed methodology exists for handling uncertainty for a single reservoir. However, development of multiple fields presents significant challenge when uncertainty in large number of variables, such as gas-in place and liquid yield, occur in each reservoir. Some of the challenges stem from our need to forecast the system behavior involving a coupled reservoir/wellbore/surface (CRWS) network for the entire spectrum of variables so that facilities can be designed for the range of fluid composition and throughput. Of course, assessing well count and sequencing well drills are some of the important objectives. This paper describes probabilistic production forecasting with a compositional CRWS network model for nine reservoirs involved in delivering gas supply to a LNG plant in Nigeria. Our main objective was to use an economic indicator to select optimal design of two main pipelines, each transporting 200 and 300 MMscf/D from the two production platforms, located 15- and 5-km, respectively, from the processing platform. Rate and cumulative profiles showed that sustained deliverability of gas can be realized for about 11 years before the decline occurred in high-permeability reservoirs. In other words, uncertainty in gas-in-place did not surface during the plateau period, only during the decline period lasting another five years, after the first eleven. In contrast, the liquid rates exhibited large uncertainty band throughout, a direct manifestation of the condensate yield issue. The uncertainty band among each of the 12 components aided facilities design. Differences in net present value (NPV) and discounted profitability index (DPI) were used as discriminators for discerning optimal pipe size from the standpoint of project economics.
Throughput performance of multiuser detection in unslotted contention channels (2002)

Analyzes the throughput of a centralized packet receiver which utilizes multiuser detection in an unslotted contention channel. The receiver is capable of demodulating all overlapping, unit-length packets, provided that the T-length packet headers do not overlap, and at most K packets overlap at any one time. If one of these conditions is violated, the remainder of the busy period is assumed to be unresolvable. Assuming that the aggregate packet arrival process is Poisson, the authors analyze the throughput as a function of the total offered load (/spl lambda/), the maximum number of resolvable overlapping packets (K), and the fractional header duration (T). They derive an iterative expression for the throughput for K=2 or 3, generalizable to larger K, which permits solution of the throughput to arbitrary accuracy. A closed form solution is given for the case K=2 and T=0.5. They provide bounds on the throughput for arbitrary K, /spl lambda/, and T, which are more convenient than the exact approach for T>0 or large K. Numerical results illustrate the improvement in throughput due to multiuser detection, and suggest a technique for finding the minimum complexity multiuser receiver (minimum K) as a function of other system parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Activated interstitial macrophages are a predominant target of viral takeover and focus of inflammation in COVID-19 initiation in human lung (2022)

ABSTRACT Early stages of deadly respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 have been challenging to elucidate due to lack of an experimental system that recapitulates the cellular and structural complexity of the human lung while allowing precise control over disease initiation and systematic interrogation of molecular events at cellular resolution. Here we show healthy human lung slices cultured ex vivo can be productively infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the cellular tropism of the virus and its distinct and dynamic effects on host cell gene expression can be determined by single cell RNA sequencing and reconstruction of “infection pseudotime” for individual lung cell types. This revealed that the prominent SARS-CoV-2 target is a population of activated interstitial macrophages (IMs), which as infection proceeds accumulate thousands of viral RNA molecules per cell, comprising up to 60% of the cellular transcriptome and including canonical and novel subgenomic RNAs. During viral takeover of IMs, there is cell-autonomous induction of a pro-fibrotic program ( TGFB1 , SPP1 ), and an inflammatory program characterized by the early interferon response, chemokines ( CCL2 , 7, 8 , 13, CXCL10 ) and cytokines ( IL6, IL10) , along with destruction of cellular architecture and formation of dense viral genomic RNA bodies revealed by super-resolution microscopy. In contrast, alveolar macrophages (AMs) showed neither viral takeover nor induction of a substantial inflammatory response, although both purified AMs and IMs supported production of infectious virions. Spike-dependent viral entry into AMs was neutralized by blockade of ACE2 or Sialoadhesin/CD169, whereas IM entry was neutralized only by DC-SIGN/CD209 blockade. These results provide a molecular characterization of the initiation of COVID-19 in human lung tissue, identify activated IMs as a prominent site of viral takeover and focus of inflammation and fibrosis, and suggest therapeutic targeting of the DC-SIGN/CD209 entry mechanism to prevent IM infection, destruction and early pathology in COVID-19 pneumonia. Our approach can be generalized to define the initiation program and evaluate therapeutics for any human lung infection at cellular resolution.
Kiranti double negation (2017)

Abstract It is shown how Kiranti languages often express a semantically single clausal negation of a declarative verbal main clause with two clausal negators. We conjecture that the second negator has its origin in a copula and that the reinterpretation and integration of the copula into a negative construction follows the scenario known as a “Jespersen Cycle”.
Endometrial cancer epidemiology and prevention in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, B&H (2004)

In Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2002 a total of 67 cases of endometrial cancer (ICD 10th Revision Code C54) were registered among female population older then 15 years (1 per 10,000 population). Nine women were diagnosed with non specific malignant uteri neoplasia (C55)--without clarifying if that was cervix or corpus uteri located cancer, but assumption is that these cancers are actually endometrial cancer. Majority of cases are older then 50 years, 48 of them (71.6%), while 29 (28.4%) are from 15 to 49 years old. During 2000 about 189,000 new endometrial cancer cases were reported with 44,700 endometrial cancer deaths in the World. In this paper we presented geographical distribution of cases registered in FB&H, as well as leading risk factors, protective factors and prevention and possibilities for screening methods.
Patient-Friendly Detection of Early Peripheral Arterial Diseases (PAD) by Budgeted Sensor Selection (2012)

Sensor networks provide a concise picture of complex systems and have been widely applied in health care domain. One typical scenario is to deploy sensors at different locations of human body and analyze the sensor measurements collectively to perform diagnosis of diseases. In this work, we are inte
Discovery of Tetralin Carboxamide Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Antagonists via Scaffold Manipulation (2004)

A case study of rational design of an efficient, specific, and proprietary molecular scaffold based on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) information on a screening hit is described. Potent, selective, and orally bioavailable tetralin carboxamide growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) antagonists were discovered. Union of rational design and high throughput synthesis provided a quick access to high quality chemical leads.
What If Digital Cameras Didn't Need (Local) Storage?: Directing Photos to the Cloud (2011)

Cloud computing suggests that we can move computers from the desktop onto the network. In this article, we investigate whether we can do the same with digital imaging devices. After all, for most of us, the practical management of local storage on digital cameras is a messy business, keeping track of all those secure digital (SD) memory cards and then figuring out which computer they are stored on. For most family units or socially organized groups, the sensible end point for a collection of images is on shared network storage where everyone can access and contribute to the image collection. So, we consider 1) the current state of art in device connectivity; 2) the current status of digital imaging devices and image/video data requirements; and 3) we put together a proof of concept to test our hypothesis that cameras do not really need local storage any more, and yes, you could actually start to put your photographs directly into the clouds.
Extracting Light Energy from the Minor Surface Arc of an Electrically Pumped Elliptical Microcavity Laser (2008)

In this paper, the efficiency of extracting light energy from the minor surface arc of the elliptical microcavity laser is investigated. The dynamic thermal equilibrium quantum medium FDTD (DTEQM-FDTD) model is used to simulate the field distribution and amplitude in the microcavity laser under electrical pumping. Light energy is extracted from the minor surface arc of the elliptical microcavity to a perpendicular waveguide. It is deduced from the field distribution that extraction efficiency of TM polarization is higher due to wider transverse field profile. Optimum light energy is extracted when the waveguide is 125 nm away from the edge of the elliptical minor arc. Higher extraction efficiency is also obtained when the waveguide index is lower than the microcavity index. It is believed that this method of extracting light energy allows for smaller device size with higher power output for building photonic integrated circuit.
Independent validation of paige prostate: Assessing clinical benefit of an artificial intelligence tool within a digital diagnostic pathology laboratory workflow. (2020)

e14076 Background: The most common approach to diagnose prostate cancer is the “whole gland biopsy procedure,” in which numerous cores (≥12) are taken from different regions of the gland to maximize the chances of detecting small cancers; the presence of cancer in any of these cores is significant to the patient. If concerning features that are not fully diagnostic of cancer are identified, the pathologist may defer the final diagnosis until additional studies (e.g. immunohistochemistry) have been performed. We recently developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for the assessment of cancer in prostate biopsies. Here, we investigated the performance of this test in an independent dataset of prostate cancers consecutively accrued. Methods: Two board-certified pathologists retrospectively reviewed 600 digitized hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&amp;E) stained diagnostic prostate core needle biopsy slides from 100 consecutive patients, originally diagnosed at an independent hospital. Pathologists’ assessments were based on the H&amp;E image alone; if further testing would be preferred, it was noted in the review notes. All images were assessed by Paige Prostate 1.0, an AI-based diagnostic tool; based on its outputs (either suspicious for cancer or not), the discordant images were re-reviewed by the pathologists and, in parallel, adjudicated with additional testing (e.g. ancillary immunohistochemical markers). Results: Paige Prostate's slide-level sensitivity was 98.9% and its specificity was 93.3% (100% and 78.0%, respectively, at the subject-level). The pathologists' average slide-level sensitivity and specificity without Paige Prostate was 90.9% and 98.6%, respectively. The sensitivity with their consensus read and Paige Prostate increased by 5.7% to 96.6% with only 0.8% decrease in specificity. In addition to new slide-level findings, benefits were also observed at the subject-level; with Paige, three new prostate cancer cases were discovered that were initially missed. Conclusions: The study reflects the potential benefits of the Paige Prostate system in the hands of experienced pathologists and validates the algorithm in a completely independent dataset. Paige Prostate can improve pathologists' sensitivity when reviewing digitized H&amp;E prostate needle biopsy images with a minor impact on specificity.
Theoretical performance limits limits of optical DPSK under severe chromatic dispersion (2007)

We investigate the theoretical performance limits, in terms of information rate, of optical DPSK. In particular, we characterize the chromatic dispersion tolerance of DPSK. For comparison, the performance of MLSD is also considered. (2 pages)
Zn(II) coordination polymers: therapeutic activity and nursing application values against coronary heart disease (2022)

In the current research, two coordination polymers (CPs) have been produced solvothermally on the basis of a semi-rigid multifunctional tricarboxylate, i.e., 5-(3,4-dicarboxylphenoxy) nicotic acid (H3L), and the chemical compositions of the two compounds are [Zn(H2L)2(H2O)2] 1 and [Zn(HL)(2,2'-bpy)] (2, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively. The structures and CHN analysis of both complexes were researched. The structural analysis results show that complex 1 features a 2D layered network with sql-type topology and complex 2 demonstrates a 2D layered network with uninodal hcb topology. The therapeutic activity and nursing application values of compounds against coronary heart disease were explored, and their relevant mechanism was assessed in meantime. The endothelin (ET) and prostacyclin (PGI2) contents released by the arterial endothelial cells into plasma were determined with ELISA assay. In addition to this, the alpha granule membrane protein 140 (GMP140) on the platelet was determined with real-time RT-PCR assay.
Metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate in diagnostics of obstructive airway diseases (2011)

Metabolomic analysis provides molecular and biochemical profiles of metabolites in different biological fluids. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) molecular profiling in discrimination patients with COPD and asthma and healthy subjects. Methods: Twenty patients with asthma, twenty patients with COPD and thirty healthy control subjects were enrolled in cross-sectional study. Every subject performed spirometry and EBC collection. EBC samples were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass-spectrometry method (GC-MS). EBC profiles from patients with asthma were separated from patients with COPD and from healthy control subjects using an algorithm based on linear methods of pattern recognition theory. Results: We have detected various profiles of semi-volatile organic compounds (SvOC) in EBC in patients with asthma, COPD and healthy subjects. Mathematical approach to available data revealed 9 SvOC which have been deemed the most appropriate for solving recognition problem (2-phenoxyethanol, decanol-1, ethyl citrate, 2,3–dihydro-1-H-inden-1-on and others). EBC profiles of healthy subjects can be distinguished from patients with asthma with reliability 75%, healthy subjects from COPD patients with reliability 85% and asthma patients from COPD patients with reliability 83%. Conclusion: Metabolomic analysis of EBC can discriminate patients with asthma and COPD and healthy subjects. We propose that differences in SvOC profiles between asthma and COPD are disease related.
The size effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion (P6259) (2013)

Abstract Exposure to environmental factors, such as microbes, diesel exhaust, and other chemicals are speculated to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), however, the detailed relationships between environmental factors and increase in AD are not well understood. Additionally, recent industrialization poses new threats to the development of AD. We recently revealed that amorphous silica nanoparticles (nSP) can penetrate the skin barrier and induce various immunological effects. Thus, nSP in various products may also be associated with development of the other allergic diseases such as AD. Here, we investigated the effect of nSPs on AD like skin lesions. We injected mite antigen (Dp) plus various-sized silica particles (SPs : diameter of 1,000, 300, 100, 70 and 30 nm) intradermally into the ear of NC/Nga mice which develops AD-like skin lesions induced by a mite allergen Dp. Ear thickness measurements and histopathological analysis revealed that a combined injection of SPs and Dp induced aggravation of AD in an SP size-dependent manner compared to that of Dp alone. Furthermore, these effects were correlated with the excessive induction of total IgE and Dp specific IgE. We suggested that these results are associated with the induction of IL-18 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which leads to systemic Th2 response in the skin lesions. These results indicate that the size of SPs is critical determinant in terms of their safe use.
Requirements on speech coders imposed by speech service solutions in cellular systems (2002)

Many digital cellular systems have been put into operation during the last few years in North America, Europe and Asia. The growth rate is high and the penetration is steadily increasing. New forecasts talk about 480 million subscribers in the world at the end of year 2000. The number of services and key features are increasing and will do so as the market is expanding. The trend is to build this on existing platforms, but beyond this an evolution into a third generation for wireless wideband, called Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services (UMTS), has already started. In this paper we will point out different aspects of the requirements on speech coding algorithms that are seen in the cellular systems. It will be shown that to meet the diverse needs and applications no single speech and channel coding scheme is sufficient. We will see a need of flexibility and multiple speech coders that can meet the different requirements on quality, capacity and functionality.
Dynamic testing of flow graph based parallel applications (2008)

In message-passing parallel applications, messages are not delivered in a strict order. The number of messages, their content and their destination may depend on the ordering of their delivery. Nevertheless, for most applications, the computation results should be the same for all possible orderings. Finding an ordering that produces a different outcome or that prevents the execution from terminating reveals a message race or a deadlock. Starting from the initial application state, we dynamically build an acyclic message-passing state graph such that each path within the graph represents one possible message ordering. All paths lead to the same final state if no deadlock or message race exists. If multiple final states are reached, we reveal message orderings that produce the different outcomes. The corresponding executions may then be replayed for debugging purposes. We reduce the number of states to be explored by using previously acquired knowledge about communication patterns and about how operations read and modify local process variables. We also describe a heuristic that tests a subset of orderings that are likely to reveal existing message races or deadlocks. We applied our approach on several applications developed using the Dynamic Parallel Schedules (DPS) parallelization framework. Compared to the naive execution of all message orderings, the use of a message-passing state graph reduces the cost of testing all orderings by several orders of magnitude. The use of prior information further reduces the number of visited states by a factor of up to fifty in our tests. The heuristic relying on a subset of orderings was able to reveal race conditions in all tested cases. We finally present a first step in generalizing the approach to MPI applications.
ShownPass (2003)

Access control is one of the most important issue with ubiquitous networking environment. Traditional access control methods are mainly considering authentication of registered user or device. Therefore, it is troublesome to allow a visitor to use a networked resource in an office, without accessiblity to other resources. We propose a new access control method using frequently changing passwords displayed beside a resource. This method can be implemented without any special hardware like a sensor.
The unusual ring scission of a quinoxaline-pyran-fused dithiolene system related to molybdopterin (2017)

The reduction of the dithiolene ligand, qpdt<sup>2-</sup>, a mimic of the biological molybdopterin cofactor, and the corresponding (η<sup>5</sup>-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(iii) complex [(qpdt)Co<sup>III</sup>Cp] was studied. It was found that in both cases an unprecedented ring scission reaction took place in acidic medium. All new reaction products have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of these products were also proposed.
“Cookie”: A Satellite Concept for GNSS Remote Sensing Constellations (2016)

This paper presents a concept, “Cookie,” for a satellite particularly suited for dense spatial sampling by future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) remote sensing constellations. Solely based on the reception of the direct and reflected signals transmitted by the GNSS, the satellite can provide observations of the Earth useful for a wide range of scientific and operational applications. The Cookie is capable of receiving direct and reflected signals, in both right- and left-hand circular polarizations, from any of the GNSS systems, and from virtually any arrival direction in both the upper and lower field-of-view hemispheres, i.e., providing nearly full 4π spherical coverage toward any navigation satellite not eclipsed by the Earth. The on-board remote sensing payload produces interferometric observables, e.g., the auto- and cross-correlation of several adequate combinations of the received signals. The interferometric processing is general, the same, and transparent, with respect to any of the signals transmitted by the current or planned GNSS systems. The instrument can implement any other suitable processing schemes too. Such payload can provide, in parallel, accurate GNSS Radio-Occultation (GNSS-RO) observations of the atmosphere and forward and backward GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements from the Earth surface. Several Cookies can be piled up inside the fairing of a rocket minimizing the launch cost of a constellation. A constellation of three Cookies has been simulated and its sampling performance characterized. The key concepts of the Cookie payload could be demonstrated through ESA's GNSS Reflectometry, Radio-Occultation, and Scatterometry experiment on board the International Space Station (GEROS-ISS).
A Game Theoretic Framework for Green HetNets Using D2D Traffic Offload and Renewable Energy Powered Base Stations (2016)

This chapter investigates the interplay between cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications and green communications in LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Two game theoretic concepts are studied and analyzed in order to perform dynamic HetNet base station (BS) on/off switching. The first approach is a coalition-based method whereas the second is based on the Nash bargaining solution. Afterwards, a method for coupling the BS on/off switching approach with D2D collaborative communications is presented and shown to lead to increased energy efficiency. The savings are additionally increased when a portion of the small cell BSs in a HetNet are powered by renewable energy sources. Different utility functions, modeling the game theoretic framework governing the energy consumption balance between the cellular network and the mobile terminals (MTs), are proposed and compared, and their impact on MT quality of service (QoS) is analyzed.