gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Nanocrystals and Corn Zein Oxygen and Water Vapor Barrier Biocomposite Films (2021)

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are well-suited to the preparation of biocomposite films and packaging material due to its abundance, renewability, biodegradability, and favorable film-forming capacity. In this study, different CNC and corn zein (CZ) composite films were prepared by adding CZ to the CNC suspension prior to drying, in order to change internal structure of resulting films. Films were developed to examine their performance as an alternative water vapor and oxygen-barrier for flexible packaging industry. Water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the biocomposite films decreased significantly in a specific ratio between CNC and CZ combined with 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), a nontoxic cross linker. In addition to the improved barrier properties, the incorporation of CZ benefitted the flexibility and thermal stability of the CNC/CZ composite films. The toughness increased by 358%, and Young's modulus decreased by 32% compared with the pristine CNC film. The maximum degradation temperature increased by 26 °C, compared with that of CNC film. These results can be attributed to the incorporation of a hydrophobic protein into the matrix creating hydrophobic interactions among the biocomposite components. SEM and AFM analysis indicated that CZ could significantly affect the CNC arrangement, and the film surface topography, due to the mechanical bundling and physical adsorption effect of CZ to CNC. The presented results indicate that CNC/CZ biocomposite films may find applications in packaging, and in multi-functionalization materials.
Partial Agonist Activity of the Progesterone Receptor Antagonist RU486 Mediated by an Amino-Terminal Domain Coactivator and Phosphorylation of Serine400 (2009)

Jun dimerization protein-2 (JDP-2) is a progesterone receptor (PR) coregulatory protein that acts by inducing structure and transcriptional activity in the disordered amino-terminal domain (NTD) of PR. JDP-2 can also potentiate the partial agonist activity of the PR antagonist RU486 by mechanisms that have not been defined. Functional mutagenesis experiments revealed that a subregion of the NTD (amino acids 323-427) was required for the partial agonist activity of RU486 induced by PR interaction with JDP-2. However, this subregion was not required for JDP-2 enhancement of the activity of progestin agonists. Mutation of phosphorylation sites within this region of the NTD showed that phosphorylation of serine 400 was required for the partial agonist activity of RU486 stimulated by JDP-2, but was not required for activity of hormone agonist, either in the presence or absence of JDP-2. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A is a novel PR coregulator that binds the NTD and acts by phosphorylating steroid receptor coactivator-1 and modulating steroid receptor coactivator-1 interaction with PR. Cdk2/cyclin A also potentiated the partial agonist activity of RU486; however, phosphorylation of serine 400 was not required, indicating that JDP-2 and Cdk2/cyclin A act by distinct mechanisms. We conclude that PR bound to RU486 and associated with JDP-2 adopts an active conformation in a subregion of the NTD requiring phosphorylation of serine 400 that is distinct from that promoted by progestin agonists. These data underscore the structural flexibility of the NTD of PR, and the ability of steroid ligands together with interacting proteins to affect the conformation and activity of the NTD.
Low Cost Injection Mold Creation via Hybrid Additive and Conventional Manufacturing (2015)

The purpose of the proposed project between Cummins and ORNL is to significantly reduce the cost of the tooling (machining and materials) required to create injection molds to make plastic components. Presently, the high cost of this tooling forces the design decision to make cast aluminum parts because Cummins typical production volumes are too low to allow injection molded plastic parts to be cost effective with the amortized cost of the injection molding tooling. In addition to reducing the weight of components, polymer injection molding allows the opportunity for the alternative cooling methods, via nitrogen gas. Nitrogen gas cooling offers an environmentally and economically attractive cooling option, if the mold can be manufactured economically. In this project, a current injection molding design was optimized for cooling using nitrogen gas. The various components of the injection mold tooling were fabricated using the Renishaw powder bed laser additive manufacturing technology. Subsequent machining was performed on the as deposited components to form a working assembly. The injection mold is scheduled to be tested in a projection setting at a commercial vendor selected by Cummins.
Light Trapping in Ultrathin Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

Light-trapping schemes implemented with ultrathin, 3 μm thick silicon solar cells offer excellent opportunities for greatly enhanced absorption and corresponding improvements in efficiency of operation. Optically optimized cells of this type yield energy conversion efficiencies that are higher by ≈190% compared to otherwise identical cells that do not exploit light-trapping features, consistent with optical modeling results.
Applications of Nucleic Acid Drugs for Organ Transplantation (2012)

Although organ transplantations have been broadly performed in humans, occurrence of rejection has not yet been resolved. Several inflammatory factors, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, enhance the rejection. Specific treatments that target in the attenuation of rejection have not been well studied in organ transplantation. Recent progress in the nucleic acid drugs, such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes, are known to play critical roles in therapeutic applications. Transfection of cis-element double-stranded DNA, named as "decoy", has been also reported to be a useful nucleic acid drug. This strategy has been not only a useful method for the experimental studies of gene regulation but also a novel clinical strategy. In this article, we reviewed the experimental results of nucleic acid drugs using the experimental organ transplant models.
The Influence of Direct and Indirect Experience on Somatosensory Technology Adoption (2014)

This study investigates the influence of direct and indirect experience on somatosensory technology adoption in two research settings (video demonstration versus product trial). Our findings provide an important implication for somatosensory technology marketers that product trial (direct experience) engenders more reliable inferences than does exposure to video demonstration (indirect experience).
Scanning microscopy of higher harmonic capacitance response for Si device (2002)

We have devised a novel mode for delineating p-n junction in 2 dimensions using a scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). We modulate by an ac voltage V the capacitance C of a tiny metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) junction comprised by a sharp metal probe tip, a thin SiO/sub 2/ layer and a sample semiconductor, and then detect 2nd harmonic response of C, namely, d/sup 2/C/dV/sup 2/. The 2nd harmonic response shows its characteristic peak at the p-n junction because of the built-in depletion layer.
RawNet: Network Processing on the Raw Processor (2002)

Introduction: In the past, the processing of high-speed network streams in routers has been the domain of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). While this approach can result in very high speed systems that are able to process many gigabits of network packets, it has some distinct disadvantages. Most notably, because custom hardware has been produced, if protocols change, or if any change is needed, new chips need to be produced, which can be very expensive. Also the time required to fabricate new chips is long when compared to reprogramming a microprocessor.
Direct Measurement of Metal-Ion Chelation in the Active Site of the AAA+ ATPase Magnesium Chelatase (2007)

Magnesium chelatase catalyzes the first committed step in chlorophyll biosynthesis. This complex enzyme has at least three substrates and couples ATP hydrolysis to the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX. We directly observed metal-ion chelation fluorometrically, providing the first data describing the on-enzyme reaction. We describe the transient-state kinetics of magnesium chelatase with direct observation of the evolution of an enzyme-product complex EMgDIX. We demonstrate that MgATP2- binding occurs after the rate-determining step. As nucleotide hydrolysis is essential for the overall reaction this must also occur after the rate-determining step. This provides the first evidence for the synchronization of the ATPase and chelatase pathways and suggests a mechanism where nucleotide binding acts to clamp the chelatase in a product complex. Comparison of rate constants for the slow step in the reaction with further transient kinetics under conditions where multiple turnovers can occur reveals that an additional activation step is required to explain the behavior of magnesium chelatase. These data provide a new view of the sequence of events occurring in the reaction catalyzed by magnesium chelatase.
Recognizing the Continuous Nature of Expression Heterogeneity and Clinical Outcomes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2017)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been previously classified into putative discrete prognostic subtypes by gene expression profiling. To investigate the robustness of these proposed subtype classifications, we evaluated 12 public datasets, together with a new dataset of 265 ccRCC gene expression profiles. Consensus clustering showed unstable subtype and principal component analysis (PCA) showed a continuous spectrum both within and between datasets. Considering the lack of discrete delineation and continuous spectrum observed, we developed a continuous quantitative prognosis score (Continuous Linear Enhanced Assessment of RCC, or CLEAR score). Prognostic performance was evaluated in independent cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 414) and EMBL-EBI (n = 53), CLEAR score demonstrated both superior prognostic estimates and inverse correlation with anti-angiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibition in comparison to previously proposed discrete subtyping classifications. Inverse correlation with high-dose interleukin-2 outcomes was also observed for the CLEAR score. Multiple somatic mutations (VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, KDM5C, TP53, BAP1, PTEN, MTOR) were associated with the CLEAR score. Application of the CLEAR score to independent expression profiling of intratumoral ccRCC regions demonstrated that average intertumoral heterogeneity exceeded intratumoral expression heterogeneity. Wider investigation of cancer biology using continuous approaches may yield insights into tumor heterogeneity; single cell analysis may provide a key foundation for this approach.
Finite element model of primary recrystallization in polycrystalline aggregates using a level set framework (2009)

The paper describes a robust finite element model of interface motion in media with multiple domains and junctions, as is the case in polycrystalline materials. The adopted level set framework describes each domain (grain) with a single level set function, while avoiding the creation of overlap or vacuum between these domains. The finite element mesh provides information on stored energies, calculated from a previous deformation step. Nucleation and growth of new grains are modelled by inserting additional level set functions around chosen nodes of the mesh. The kinetics and topological evolutions induced by primary recrystallization are discussed from simple test cases to more complex configurations and compared with the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov theory. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Lubricities of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants with Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate and Dibenzyl Disulfide on Tribological Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coated A6061-T6 Alloy under Mixed/Boundary Lubrication (2015)

3 different base-stocks (poly-α-olefin, polypropylene glycol and unsaturated TMP ester) and additionally formulations with 2 different additives (1 mass% ZnDTP or 1 mass% dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS)) were used as lubricants to evaluate the tribological properties of A6061-T6 treated by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation in a SRV tribometer (Toil = 80°C, FN = 50 N, ν = 50 Hz, 2 mm stroke, 2 hrs). The base oils of PPG and the TMP-ester had better lubricities than the PAO with/without the additives. ZnDTP tend to reduce wear, but when added to PAO and PPG increased the friction. The unsaturated TMP-ester +1 mass% DBDS showed 45% lower friction than PAO + ZnDTP (reference), whereas PPG + DBDS had 30% lower friction.
Pit Detection Using a Contact Sensor (2013)

Pit detection study of a thermal contact sensor was carried out by both experiments and simulation. The experimental results showed that the thermal contact sensor was able to detect a small pit with fairly good sensitivity. And the simulation study revealed that the mechanism of pit detection is due to worse cooling, which results in higher sensor temperature, because the sensor/disk spacing is larger on the pit compared with at nominal flying state. And the temperature increase of sensor can be attributed to worse heat flux due to both larger spacing and air-bearing pressure drop when the sensor is above the pit.
Multi-objective Geometry Optimization of a Gas Cyclone Using Triple-Fidelity Co-Kriging Surrogate Models (2017)

Cyclone separators are widely used in a variety of industrial applications. A low-mass loading gas cyclone is characterized by two performance parameters, namely the Euler and Stokes numbers. These parameters are highly sensitive to the geometrical design parameters defining the cyclone. Optimizing the cyclone geometry therefore is a complex problem. Testing a large number of cyclone geometries is impractical due to time constraints. Experimental data and even computational fluid dynamics simulations are time-consuming to perform, with a single simulation or experiment taking several weeks. Simpler analytical models are therefore often used to expedite the design process. However, this comes at the cost of model accuracy. Existing techniques used for cyclone shape optimization in literature do not take multiple fidelities into account. This work combines cheap-to-evaluate well-known mathematical models of cyclones, available data from computational fluid dynamics simulations and experimental data to build a triple-fidelity recursive co-Kriging model. This model can be used as a surrogate with a multi-objective optimization algorithm to identify a Pareto set of a finite number of solutions. The proposed scheme is applied to optimize the cyclone geometry, parametrized by seven design variables.
Effect of Chloride on PEFCs in Presence of Various Cations (2015)

The performance and durability of Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) were investigated by separately introducing HCl and five different chloride salts (AlCl3, FeCl3, CrCl3, NiCl2, and MgCl2) into the air stream of an operating fuel cell. Under the same operating conditions and at a fixed chloride (Cl−) concentration of 50 ppm in air stream, it appeared that HCl affected the cell performance faster than the other chloride salts, therefore the presence of the cation in the contaminant solutions slowed and/or reduced the decrease in the cell performance. The overall cell performance degradation was ranked as HCl, AlCl3 > FeCl3 > CrCl3 > NiCl2, MgCl2. The performance degradation is believed to be due to the adsorption of chloride on the Pt surface reducing active surface area. At lower relative humidity, the contaminant concentration increased in liquid phase and salt precipitated eventually blocking some of the flow channels and the GDL surface and resulted in even lower cell performance.
Ionic Liquids in Mechanical Engineering (2011)

Abstract Ionische Flüssigkeiten (ILs) bieten viele Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Maschinen, die auf Schmierstoffe oder Betriebsflüssigkeiten angewiesen sind. Die hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen ergaben, dass verschiedene ILs geeignet sind, um z. B. Hochdruckprozesse effizienter zu machen und den Kraftstoffverbrauch von Verbrennungsmotoren zu senken. Es wird gezeigt, dass ionische Flüssigkeiten bei allen Maschinen mit Schmier‐ oder Betriebsflüssigkeiten Performanceverbesserungen bewirken können. Der einzige Hinderungsgrund für einen verbreiteten Einsatz ionischer Flüssigkeiten in der Maschinentechnik ist die oft vorhandene Korrosivität der ILs, die meist die Verwendung herkömmlicher Werkstoffe verbietet.
Supplementary document for Low-power swept-source Raman spectroscopy - 5207444.pdf (2021)

Methods and Theoretical Models
Revisiting the GNSS-R Waveform Statistics and Its Impact on Altimetric Retrievals (2018)

This paper analyzes the ocean altimetry precision of global navigation satellite systems' reflectometry (GNSS-R) by characterizing the noise statistics of the measured waveform. For this purpose, we first investigate the dependence of the altimetry precision on the statistics of the observed waveform and then derive an analytical model of the waveform statistics after incoherent averaging. The main data set used for altimetry analysis and model validation is the GPS L5 signals obtained from an airborne experiment. Two different delay estimators, based on the leading-edge derivative (DER) and the waveform fitting (FIT) over the leading edge, have been implemented. Later, the relationship between the statistics of the observed waveform and the altimetry precision is derived and validated for both the estimators with the airborne data. Then, the analytical model of the statistics of the incoherently averaged waveform is built from the correlation properties of the complex waveform, and also validated with both airborne and the TechDemoSat-1 spaceborne data. After that, the proposed waveform statistics and altimetry precision models are applied to spaceborne cases with different orbit altitudes. The altimetry performance of different onboard processing methods, i.e., conventional GNSS-R and interferometric GNSS-R, and delay estimators, i.e., DER and FIT, are preliminarily assessed. Finally, the dependence of altimetry precision on different parameters is analyzed and a simplified model of altimetry precision is proposed for the spaceborne case.
Enhanced system design for download and streaming services using Raptor codes (2008)

Abstract Raptor codes have been recently standardised by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to be used in the application layer (AL) for multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) including download delivery and streaming delivery. Furthermore, digital video broadcast (DVB) has also recommended the inclusion of these Raptor codes for IP‐datacast services. In this paper, enhancements on the system and receiver design using Raptor codes are studied, namely the permeable layer receiver (PLR) and the individual post‐repair mechanism. With the PLR, the partial information ignored in the conventional receiver is passed from lower layer to higher layer. We show how a practical and efficient implementation of the Raptor decoder as a PLR can be done, which can not only achieve huge performance gains, but the gains can be achieved at an affordable low decoding complexity. Whereas the PLR is employed for enhancing both download and streaming services, the post‐repair aims at guaranteeing reliable download delivery when a feedback channel is available. We propose here two efficient post‐repair algorithms which fully exploit the properties of the Raptor codes. One allows to find a minimum set of source symbols to be requested in the post‐delivery, and another allows to find a sufficient number of consecutive repair symbols. Selected simulations verify the good performance of proposed techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Tolerogenic Phenotype of IFN-γ–Induced IDO+ Dendritic Cells Is Maintained via an Autocrine IDO–Kynurenine/AhR–IDO Loop (2016)

Previous studies demonstrated that IL-12-driven antitumor activity is short-circuited by a rapid switch in dendritic cell (DC) function from immunogenic to tolerogenic activity. This process was dependent on IFN-γ and the tolerogenic phenotype was conferred by IDO. Extended monitoring of IDO(+) DC in the tumor-draining lymph nodes of IL-12 plus GM-CSF-treated tumor-bearing mice revealed that whereas IFN-γ induction was transient, IDO expression in DC was maintained long-term. An in vitro system modeling the IFN-γ-mediated change in DC function was developed to dissect the molecular basis of persistent IDO expression in post-IL-12 DC. Stimulation of DC with IFN-γ and CD40L resulted in rapid induction of IDO1 and IDO2 transcription and recapitulated the in vivo switch from immunogenic to tolerogenic activity. Long-term maintenance of IDO expression was found to be independent of exogenous and autocrine IFN-γ, or the secondary cytokines TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6. In contrast, both IDO enzymatic activity and IFN-γ-induced AhR expression were required for continued IDO transcription in vitro and in vivo. Addition of the tryptophan catabolite kynurenine to DC cultures in which IDO activity was blocked restored long-term IDO expression in wild-type DC but not in AhR-deficient DC, establishing the central role of the kynurenine-AhR pathway in maintaining IDO expression in tolerogenic DC. These findings shed further light on the cellular and molecular biology of the post-IL-12 regulatory rebound and provide insight into how feedback inhibitory mechanisms dominate in the long-term.
Problème de la somme coloration d'un graphe (2009)

Le problème de la coloration de graphe (GCP) est l'un des problèmes NP-difficiles en optimisation combinatoire. Il existe plusieurs problèmes dérivés du GCP ou constituant une généralisation du GCP, nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement au problème de la somme coloration minimale de graphe (MSCP). Les algorithmes gloutons jouent un rôle important dans la pratique: d'une part, ils peuvent être utilisés pour obtenir une solution dans le cas où l'exigence du temps de calcul est beaucoup plus importante que celle de la qualité de la solution et d'autre part, ils peuvent également être intégrés dans des méthodes exactes ou approchées. Nous procédons à l'élaboration d'une nouvelle famille d'algorithmes gloutons pour MSCP.
Quantitative interpretation of magnetic force microscopy images from soft patterned elements (2001)

By combining a finite element tip model and numerical simulations of the tip–sample interaction, it is shown that magnetic force microscopy images of patterned soft elements may be quantitatively compared to experiments, even when performed at low lift heights, while preserving physically realistic tip characteristics. The analysis framework relies on variational principles. Assuming magnetically hard tips, the model is both exact and numerically more accurate than hitherto achieved.