gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving LVCSR system combination using neural network language model cross adaptation (2011)

State-of-the-art large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems often combine outputs from multiple subsystems developed at different sites. Cross system adaptation can be used as an alternative to direct hypothesis level combination schemes such as ROVER. The standard approach involves only cross adapting acoustic models. To fully exploit the complimentary features among sub-systems, language model (LM) cross adaptation techniques can be used. Previous research on multi-level n-gram LM cross adaptation is extended to further include the cross adaptation of neural network LMs in this paper. Using this improved LM cross adaptation framework, significant error rate gains of 4.0%-7.1% relative were obtained over acoustic model only cross adaptation when combining a range of Chinese LVCSR sub-systems used in the 2010 and 2011 DARPA GALE evaluations. Copyright © 2011 ISCA.
Identification of Novel Genes and Proteoforms in Angiostrongylus costaricensis through a Proteogenomic Approach (2022)

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and mass-spectrometry-based proteomics data are often integrated in proteogenomic studies to assist in the prediction of eukaryote genome features, such as genes, splicing, single-nucleotide (SNVs), and single-amino-acid variants (SAAVs). Most genomes of parasite nematodes are draft versions that lack transcript- and protein-level information and whose gene annotations rely only on computational predictions. <i>Angiostrongylus costaricensis</i> is a roundworm species that causes an intestinal inflammatory disease, known as abdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA). Currently, there is no drug available that acts directly on this parasite, mostly due to the sparse understanding of its molecular characteristics. The available genome of <i>A. costaricensis</i>, specific to the Costa Rica strain, is a draft version that is not supported by transcript- or protein-level evidence. This study used RNA-Seq and MS/MS data to perform an in-depth annotation of the <i>A. costaricensis</i> genome. Our prediction improved the reference annotation with (a) novel coding and non-coding genes; (b) pieces of evidence of alternative splicing generating new proteoforms; and (c) a list of SNVs between the Brazilian (Crissiumal) and the Costa Rica strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a multi-omics approach has been used to improve the genome annotation of <i>A. costaricensis</i>. We hope this improved genome annotation can assist in the future development of drugs, kits, and vaccines to treat, diagnose, and prevent AA caused by either the Brazil strain (Crissiumal) or the Costa Rica strain.
Enhancement and Dynamic Time Warping of Somatosensory Evoked Potential Components Applied to Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (1987)

A zero-phase, high-pass digital filter at 300 Hz was used to emphasize the higher frequency, smaller peaks of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). Using the digital filter, a consistent pattern of peaks was observed in normals. A dynamic time-warping technique was created to align the peaks of digitally high-pass filtered SEP's. Based on this technique, a clinical test for abnormality of the SEP was developed and applied to 25 multiple sclerosis patients. The results showed that three times as many multiple sclerosis SEP's were identified by the dynamic time warping as by the traditional latency measurement.
Short-Term Impact of a Laparoscopic “Mini-Residency” Experience on Postgraduate Urologists’ Practice Patterns (2006)

A 5-day intensive laparoscopic ablative and reconstructive surgery course seems to encourage postgraduate urologists, already familiar with laparoscopy, to successfully expand the scope of their procedures to include more complex laparoscopic techniques such as nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy, and pyeloplasty into their clinical practice.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes
Hydrogen-Oxygen Detonation Study by the DSMC Method (2011)

The DSMC method was applied to perform a numerical study of detonation in an H2/O2 mixture with detailed chemical kinetics at the molecular level. Collision chemistry models were modified to correctly reproduce the chemical equilibrium in mixtures of polyatomic molecules. The DSMC results on homogeneous constant‐volume adiabatic autoignition of the stoichiometric H2/O2 mixture are in good agreement with the numerical solution of equations of chemical kinetics. The results of the DSMC modeling of a nonstationary detonation wave for different values of pressure yield the velocity of detonation that coincides with the Chapman‐Jouguet velocity. The structure of the detonation wave obtained in the DSMC simulation is in qualitative agreement with the Zeldovich–von Neumann–Doering theory.
Molecular rheotaxis directs DNA migration and concentration against a pressure-driven flow (2017)

In-line preconcentration techniques are used to improve the sensitivity of microfluidic DNA analysis platforms. The most common methods are electrokinetic and require an externally applied electric field. Here we describe a microfluidic DNA preconcentration technique that does not require an external field. Instead, pressure-driven flow from a fluid-filled microcapillary into a lower ionic strength DNA sample reservoir induces spontaneous DNA migration against the direction of flow. This migratory phenomenon that we call Molecular Rheotaxis initiates in seconds and results in a concentrated DNA bolus at the capillary orifice. We demonstrate the ease with which this concentration method can be integrated into a microfluidic total analysis system composed of in-line DNA preconcentration, size separation, and single-molecule detection. Paired experimental and numerical simulation results are used to delineate the parameters required to induce Molecular Rheotaxis, elucidate the underlying mechanism, and optimize conditions to achieve DNA concentration factors exceeding 10,000 fold.
EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON LOWER LIMB PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED HIGH-LEVEL BALLET STUDENTS (2007)

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of whole body vibration (WBV) training on vertical jump ability (CMJ) and knee-extensor performance at selected external loads (50, 70, and 100 kg; leg-press exercise) in elite ballerinas. Twenty-two (age, 21.25 ± 1.5 years) full-time ballerinas were assigned randomly to the experimental (E, n = 11) and control (C, n = 11) groups. The experimental group was submitted to WBV training 3 times per week before ballet practice. During the training period, the E and C groups undertook the same amount of ballet practice. Posttraining CMJ performance significantly increased in E group (6.3 ± 3.8%, p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, E group showed significant (p ≤ 0.05–0.001) post- training average leg-press power and velocity improvements at all the external loads considered. Consequently, the force-velocity and power-velocity relationship shifted to the right after WBV training in the E group. The results of the present study show that WBV training is an effective short-term training methodology for inducing improvements in knee-extensor explosiveness in elite ballerinas.
Feasibility of Flat Panel Detector CT in Perfusion Assessment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Initial Clinical Experience (2017)

The different results from flat panel detector CT in various pathologies have provoked some discussion. Our aim was to assess the role of flat panel detector CT in brain arteriovenous malformations, which has not yet been assessed. Five patients with brain arteriovenous malformations were studied with flat panel detector CT, DSC-MR imaging, and vessel-encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling. In glomerular brain arteriovenous malformations, perfusion was highest next to the brain arteriovenous malformation with decreasing values with increasing distance from the lesion. An inverse tendency was observed in the proliferative brain arteriovenous malformation. Flat panel detector CT, originally thought to measure blood volume, correlated more closely with arterial spin-labeling-CBF and DSC-CBF than with DSC-CBV. We conclude that flat panel detector CT perfusion depends on the time point chosen for data collection, which is triggered too early in these patients (ie, when contrast agent appears in the superior sagittal sinus after rapid shunting through the brain arteriovenous malformation). This finding, in combination with high data variability, makes flat panel detector CT inappropriate for perfusion assessment in brain arteriovenous malformations.
Glycine Receptors in Spinal Nociceptive Control—An Update (2021)

Diminished inhibitory control of spinal nociception is one of the major culprits of chronic pain states. Restoring proper synaptic inhibition is a well-established rational therapeutic approach explored by several pharmaceutical companies. A particular challenge arises from the need for site-specific intervention to avoid deleterious side effects such as sedation, addiction, or impaired motor control, which would arise from wide-range facilitation of inhibition. Specific targeting of glycinergic inhibition, which dominates in the spinal cord and parts of the hindbrain, may help reduce these side effects. Selective targeting of the α3 subtype of glycine receptors (GlyRs), which is highly enriched in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn, a key site of nociceptive processing, may help to further narrow down pharmacological intervention on the nociceptive system and increase tolerability. This review provides an update on the physiological properties and functions of α3 subtype GlyRs and on the present state of related drug discovery programs.
Attenuation of water-layer-related multiples (2015)

Summary We present a method for modeling and separation of water-layer-related multiples in towed streamer acquisitions. Our method models accurately the kinematics of multiples with bounces in the water layer, both on the source and receiver sides, and extends the capabilities of previous methods in particular for the cases with complex topography on the sea bed. We illustrate the method with synthetic data and with field data from a shallow-water 3D towed-streamers marine survey.
Optical simulation for illumination using GPGPU ray tracing (2019)

High-speed ray tracing for illumination optics using GPGPU was investigated. Optical simulation for illumination optics requires many rays tracing for precise simulation. Especially, optics for automotive LED lighting have small textures on the exit surface of the lens to diverge part of the light for satisfying specific illumination pattern which is required in the regulation. Many ray tracing requires much simulation times and it increases development cost. Recently, parallel computing using CPU and GPU has been used for accelerating computing speed and reported its merit in computer sciences. In this research, the ray tracing consists of two parts which are intersection searching and refraction calculation was done in parallel using CUDA, GPGPU API provided by NVIDIA. Interpolation calculations such as linear interpolation, Nagata triangular patch interpolation, and Nagata quadrilateral patch interpolation were used in intersection searching calculation. The results indicate that there is a possibility to accelerate ray tracing speed by using GPU. As a representative example, GPU ray tracing was about twice faster than the commercial software. In addition, error differences depend on the interpolation types for intersection calculation were observed. Moreover, the results indicate calculation error differences between single precision float calculation and double precision float calculation. In conclusion, even there are several issues such as errors from interpolation and calculation precision, accelerated ray tracing using GPU was achieved.
Rational Design of a Meningococcal Antigen Inducing Broad Protective Immunity (2011)

The sequence variability of protective antigens is a major challenge to the development of vaccines. For Neisseria meningitidis, the bacterial pathogen that causes meningitis, the amino acid sequence of the protective antigen factor H binding protein (fHBP) has more than 300 variations. These sequence differences can be classified into three distinct groups of antigenic variants that do not induce cross-protective immunity. Our goal was to generate a single antigen that would induce immunity against all known sequence variants of N. meningitidis. To achieve this, we rationally designed, expressed, and purified 54 different mutants of fHBP and tested them in mice for the induction of protective immunity. We identified and determined the crystal structure of a lead chimeric antigen that was able to induce high levels of cross-protective antibodies in mice against all variant strains tested. The new fHBP antigen had a conserved backbone that carried an engineered surface containing specificities for all three variant groups. We demonstrate that the structure-based design of multiple immunodominant antigenic surfaces on a single protein scaffold is possible and represents an effective way to create broadly protective vaccines.
Increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of Metal Oxide gas sensors by controlling the sensitive layer polarization (2012)

The effects of bias current on sensitivity and selectivity of resistive Metal-Oxide (MOX) sensors toward gases have been investigated. While the working temperature is kept constant, it has been found that tuning the polarization of the MOX thin film induces changes on its sensitivity toward gases. Besides, the behavior of sensitivity versus bias current depends on the nature of the gas and of the thin sensing film, meaning it is possible to enhance the selectivity by adjusting the polarization of different sensitive layers. This underutilized parameter provides a new way of improving easily gas sensors sensitivity and above all selectivity. It would then be interesting to polarize individually each sensor of a multi-sensor device in order to optimize the whole system performances, which may represent a breakthrough in the development of smart E-Nose.
On the Convergence of Prior-Guided Zeroth-Order Optimization Algorithms (2021)

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is widely used to handle challenging tasks, such as query-based black-box adversarial attacks and reinforcement learning. Various attempts have been made to integrate prior information into the gradient estimation procedure based on finite differences, with promising empirical results. However, their convergence properties are not well understood. This paper makes an attempt to fill this gap by analyzing the convergence of prior-guided ZO algorithms under a greedy descent framework with various gradient estimators. We provide a convergence guarantee for the prior-guided random gradient-free (PRGF) algorithms. Moreover, to further accelerate over greedy descent methods, we present a new accelerated random search (ARS) algorithm that incorporates prior information, together with a convergence analysis. Finally, our theoretical results are confirmed by experiments on several numerical benchmarks as well as adversarial attacks.
Mitotic Recombination in Patients with Ichthyosis Causes Reversion of Dominant Mutations in KRT10 (2010)

Somatic loss of wild-type alleles can produce disease traits such as neoplasia. Conversely, somatic loss of disease-causing mutations can revert phenotypes; however, these events are infrequently observed. Here we show that ichthyosis with confetti, a severe, sporadic skin disease in humans, is associated with thousands of revertant clones of normal skin that arise from loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17q via mitotic recombination. This allowed us to map and identify disease-causing mutations in the gene encoding keratin 10 (KRT10); all result in frameshifts into the same alternative reading frame, producing an arginine-rich C-terminal peptide that redirects keratin 10 from the cytokeratin filament network to the nucleolus. The high frequency of somatic reversion in ichthyosis with confetti suggests that revertant stem cell clones are under strong positive selection and/or that the rate of mitotic recombination is elevated in individuals with this disorder.
Seedless Velocimetry Measurements by Schlieren Image Velocimetry (2011)

Schlieren optical systems have been used to perform velocity measurements in refractive turbulent flows using image velocimetry algorithms. This schlieren image velocimetry (schlieren particle image velocimetry) technique makes use of naturally occurring refractive turbulent eddies in a flow as virtual seed particles upon which velocimetry is performed. Current experiments are performed in a supersonic wind tunnel to measure the Mach 3 turbulent boundary-layer mean velocity profile. Results from schlieren, shadowgraph, and focusing schlieren image velocimetry are compared with the boundary-layer velocity profile derived from a pitot-pressure survey. Focusing schlieren optics allow the visualization of refractive disturbances within a limited depth of focus, resulting in seedless velocimetry within a narrower depth of field. The natural intermittency of the turbulent boundary layer complicates schlieren image velocimetry, but useful measurements are still possible. The velocity profile in a subsonic turbulent boundary layer is also measured using this technique through thermal seeding of the boundary layer to provide refractive turbulent structures for velocimetry. An important improvement in schlieren image velocimetry, the use of a pulsed light-emitting-diode light source in place of the twin pulsed lasers required for traditional image velocimetry measurements, is introduced. This comparatively inexpensive white-light source eliminates traditional problems of coherent laser illumination in schlieren imaging and improves the overall results.
Prediction of the structure of the Y+·R−·R+-type DNA triple helix by molecular modelling (1992)

Molecular mechanics has been used to predict the structure of the Y+.R-.R(+)-type DNA triple helix, in which a second polypurine strand binds antiparallel to the homopurine strand of a homopurine/homopyrimidine stretch of duplex DNA. From calculations on the sequence d(C)10.d(G)10.d(G)10, two likely structures emerge. One has the glycosidic torsions of the third strand bases in the anti-conformation and Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonds to the purine strand of the duplex, the other has the third strand purines in the syn orientation and uses a reverse-Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding pattern. Despite the large structural differences between these two types of triplex, calculations performed in vacuo with a distance-dependent dielectric constant to mimic the shielding effect of solvent show them to be energetically very similar, with the latter (syn) slightly preferred. However, if explicit solvent molecules are included in the calculation, the anti conformation is found to be much preferred. This difference in the results seems to stem from an underestimation of short-range electrostatic interactions in the in vacuo simulations. When TAA or TAT base triples are substituted for the sixth CGG triple in the sequence, it is found that, for the solvated model, the third strand base of the TAA triple prefers the syn orientation while that in the TAT triple retains a preference, though reduced, for the anti conformation.
Planning and Design of Agricultural Park Based on Landscape Ecological Security Pattern (2009)

Using landscape ecological security pattern method,planning and design of agricultural ecological landscape in Dabao Village of Pengzhou City were carried out.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Social Media and Search (2007)

The past few years have seen a rapid rise in social media Web sites. As user content becomes the dominant content form on the Web, various questions arise about the most effective approach to processing it.
The Selection Process for Capital Projects (1993)

Partial table of contents: Capital Projects in the National Economy. BASIC ENGINEERING ECONOMY. Cash Flow Patterns. Rates of Return. The Three Worths. The Internal Rate of Return. Benefit--Cost Analysis. THE SELECTION PROCESS: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. Ranking for Financial Exclusivity. Retirements and Replacements. Public Projects and Regulated Industries. Criticisms of Economic Analysis. THE SELECTION PROCESS: RISK ANALYSIS. Sensitivity Analysis. Probability: Part 2. Uncertainty. THE SELECTION PROCESS: MULTIATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS. Multiattribute Analysis Techniques. Multiattribute Analysis: AHP and Risk Preference. Appendices. Index.
CaV3.2 drives sustained burst‐firing, which is critical for absence seizure propagation in reticular thalamic neurons (2018)

This supports a role for TRN Ca<sub>V</sub> 3.2 T-type channels in propagating thalamocortical network seizures and setting the pacemaking frequency of SWDs.
Simultaneous Quantification of Metabolites Involved in Central Carbon and Energy Metabolism Using Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry and in Vitro 13C Labeling (2008)

Comprehensive analysis of intracellular metabolites is a critical component of elucidating cellular processes. Although the resolution and flexibility of reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) makes it one of the most powerful analytical tools for metabolite analysis, the structural diversity of even the simplest metabolome provides a formidable analytical challenge. Here we describe a robust RPLC-MS method for identification and quantification of a diverse group of metabolites ranging from sugars, phosphosugars, and carboxylic acids to phosphocarboxylics acids, nucleotides, and coenzymes. This method is based on in vitro derivatization with a (13)C-labeled tag that allows internal standard based quantification and enables separation of structural isomer pairs like glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate in a single chromatographic run. Calibration curves for individual metabolites showed linearity ranging over more than 2 orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients of R(2) > 0.9975. The detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were below 1.0 microM (20 pmol) for most compounds. Thirty common metabolites involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle were identified and quantified from yeast lysate with a relative standard deviation of less than 10%.
Nocardia terpenica sp. nov., isolated from Japanese patients with nocardiosis (2007)

Two bacterial strains isolated from different hospitals in Japan were subjected to a polyphasic analysis. Strains IFM 0406 and IFM 0706 T , producers of novel terpenoid antibiotics, were found to have morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with their classification in the genus Nocardia , except for the presence of MK-8(H 4 ) as one of the predominant menaquinones in addition to the major menaquinone MK-8(H 4 ω -cyc ). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strains IFM 0406 and IFM 0706 T was 99.9 %, and the closest members of Nocardia to these strains were the type strains of Nocardia nova and Nocardia mexicana , showing similarity of 97.5 and 97.1 %, respectively. Based on their characteristic phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, a novel species of the genus Nocardia , Nocardia terpenica sp. nov. is proposed for the two strains. The type strain is IFM 0706 T (=JCM 13033 T =DSM 44935 T =NBRC 100888 T ).