gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychological Effect of Anti-Asian Attitudes by COVID-19 on Asian Americans in Coastal Alabama (2021)

Abstract This study aimed to understand how the anti-Asian attitude due to the COVID-19 affected Asian American communities in Alabama. We asked whether Asian Americans were worried about going out due to the anti-Asian attitude due to COVID-19. This study conducted online surveys to Cambodians or Laotians, who were 18 years and older, were living in Coastal Alabama, in May 2020. To avoid in-person contact, respondents answered questions online. A total of 353 respondents participated in the survey. In the Cambodian community, more younger adults participated in the survey, while more middle-aged adults participated from the Laotian community. Laotians had longer educational attainment and watched multiple media to obtain COVID-19 related information. Cambodians (72%) were afraid of COVID-19 infection more than Laotians (53%). More Cambodians (73%) were afraid to go out because of the anti-Asian attitude than Laotians (52%). The logistic regression analysis presented that people worried more about the COVID-19 infection were less likely to go out due to anti-Asian attitudes. Educational attainment did not have a protective effect. Watching multiple media sources decreased the worry about the anti-Asian attitude for Laotians. The age cohort showed both a protective and exacerbate the effect. Cambodians, who were in their thirties, were worried about going out. However, Laotian fifties and over did not worry about going out. This difference might be related to the length of the stay in the U.S. Hanks et al. found that Cambodians, compared to Laotians, had more new immigrants who recently came to the community to marry.
High-Tc Superconductivity (2020)

The exciton mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity in copper oxides was initially proposed by Prof. J. Bardeen. His insight is largely shared by another luminary in superconductivity, Prof. V. L. Ginzburg. The main author of the book, Dr. Nie Luo, was motivated by their insights to give a geometrical explanation to the excitonic Coulomb interaction and has developed a unique formalism to understand and predict physical properties of high-Tc superconductors. This work is supported by increasingly strong evidence for electron–hole interactions in p-type cuprates. The presence of electrons in hole-doped cuprates is revealed by the works of the authors and many others, including the late Prof. L. P. Gor’kov. The book also tries to understand the interlayer Coulomb (ILC) pairing model by the excitonic Coulomb interaction. Developed by Prof. A. J. Leggett, ILC theory shares many views with Ginzburg’s approach. The other author of the book, Prof. George H. Miley, shares with us his personal experience with Prof. Bardeen on the exciton’s role in physics problems including high-Tc superconductivity. The results and predictions of this excitonic Coulomb mechanism have been verified by an increasing number of experiments. This book summarizes the current status and fathoms future directions.
Thermal fatigue analysis of the flip chip assembly on the polymer stud grid array (PSGA) package (1999)

Presents the thermo‐mechanical modelling of a new type of area array package: the flip chip on polymer stud grid array (PSGA). The objective is to optimise the material and geometrical design of this PSGA package and the flip chip assembly in order to achieve the highest thermal fatigue reliability for the solder joints in this structure. A parameterised non‐linear finite element model is used to calculate the inelastic strains induced in the solder joints due to thermal cycling. The techniques of design of experiments (DOE) and response surface modelling (RSM) enhance the parameter sensitivity analysis and optimisation of the PSGA design. After the optimisation of the structure, a very high solder joint fatigue reliability of this flip chip to PSGA package has been achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diynes and Tetraynes from in situ Desilylation/Dimerization of Acetylenes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Osteogenic Protein-1 (1996)

Osteogenic proteins, also referred to as BMPs, are a family of bone matrix polypeptides isolated from a variety of mammalian species. These proteins are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of molecules that contain a highly conserved 7 cysteine transforming growth factor-beta domain in their C-termini. Use of recombinantly produced human osteogenic protein-1, also referred to as BMP-7, implanted in conjunction with bovine bone derived Type 1 collagen or various non-proteinaceous biodegradable carriers into surgically created large diaphyseal segmental defects in animals leads to the regeneration of new bone that is fully functional biologically and biomechanically. Further study has shown that osteogenic protein-1 can be used as a bone graft substitute to promote spinal fusion and to aid in the incorporation of metal implants. Finally, osteogenic protein-1 shows promise as an agent for repair of osteochondral defects.
Multi-Core Fiber Link with Its Polarity Management in View (2022)

A marker is usually placed in MCFs to identify each core. That gives geometric polarity on both ends of the MCFs. This paper proposes an MCF link that eliminates complexities of polarity management.
Evaluating Dependability Options when Designing Future Systems-on-Chip (2005)

Keywords: Robust Design Reference LAP-CONF-2005-006 Record created on 2005-08-08, modified on 2017-05-12
A gelatin sponge model for studying tumor growth: flow cytometric analysis and quantitation of leukocytes and tumor cells in the EMT6 mouse tumor. (1985)

This study examined the recruitment of host cells into a progressing EMT6 tumor following the inoculation of tumorigenic cells into a preimplanted gelatin sponge. Tumor cell proliferation occurred to a greater extent in sponge tumors than in tumors obtained by direct subcutaneous injection of tumor cells. Blank sponges, lacking tumorigenic cells and used as controls, elicited an inflammatory response characterized by a modest infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages whose numbers, after Day 7 postimplantation, remained unchanged for 21 days of sponge residence in the animal. In contrast, when the sponge contained tumor cells, there was a continuous increase in host cell infiltration that paralleled the increase in tumor cells. Whether in a sponge or not, tumor cells represented more than half of the recovered cells by Day 21 after tumor cell inoculation. Macrophages comprised the greatest fraction of host cells infiltrating the tumors. Flow cytometric analysis and morphological examination of disaggregated tumors indicated that macrophages (19-51%) made up the largest proportion of host cells followed in order by granulocytes (6-18%) and lymphocytes (2-9%). Sorting of marker-labeled cells revealed that 94% of the surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells were macrophages. Twenty-two % of the cells bearing the Thy 1.2 marker were lymphocytes, and 68% were macrophages. The data confirm the occurrence of a cellular host response in the tumor-bearing animal which is distinct from the foreign body reaction elicited by a blank sponge. Additionally, the sponge system described here represents a recoverable environment that would facilitate the study of in vivo host-tumor cell interactions that occur during early tumor development or later during therapy-induced tumor rejection when a palpable tumor is not present.
Pulmonary bacteriophage and cystic fibrosis airway mucus: friends or foes? (2023)

For those born with cystic fibrosis (CF), hyper-concentrated mucus with a dysfunctional structure significantly impacts CF airways, providing a perfect environment for bacterial colonization and subsequent chronic infection. Early treatment with antibiotics limits the prevalence of bacterial pathogens but permanently alters the CF airway microenvironment, resulting in antibiotic resistance and other long-term consequences. With little investment into new traditional antibiotics, safe and effective alternative therapeutic options are urgently needed. One gathering significant traction is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. However, little is known about which phages are effective for respiratory infections, the dynamics involved between phage(s) and the host airway, and associated by-products, including mucus. Work utilizing gut cell models suggest that phages adhere to mucus components, reducing microbial colonization and providing non-host-derived immune protection. Thus, phages retained in the CF mucus layer result from the positive selection that enables them to remain in the mucus layer. Phages bind weakly to mucus components, slowing down the diffusion motion and increasing their chance of encountering bacterial species for subsequent infection. Adherence of phage to mucus could also facilitate phage enrichment and persistence within the microenvironment, resulting in a potent phage phenotype or vice versa. However, how the CF microenvironment responds to phage and impacts phage functionality remains unknown. This review discusses CF associated lung diseases, the impact of CF mucus, and chronic bacterial infection. It then discusses the therapeutic potential of phages, their dynamic relationship with mucus and whether this may enhance or hinder airway bacterial infections in CF.
Excess entropy scaling for soft particle glasses (2020)

The transport properties of soft particle glasses, such as dynamic viscosity, normal stress coefficients, and shear-induced diffusivity of its particles, are determined by the microstructure of the suspension under flow. A thermodynamic measure of the microstructure is the excess entropy, which we show here accurately correlates the transport properties of soft particle glasses onto master curves across a wide range of volume fractions, suspending fluid viscosities, particle moduli, and shear rates. The excess entropy for soft particle glasses is approximated with the two-body excess entropy computed from the pair distribution function extracted from dynamic simulations. The shear viscosity and normal stress functions diverge and the diffusivity vanishes at a critical excess entropy, corresponding to the yield stress of the suspension. An effective temperature is computed and is found to vary linearly with the shear stress and the elastic energy of the sheared soft particle glass. From this, an equation of state is derived relating the excess entropy to the shear stress. Consequently, three of the four transport properties are determined from the measurement of just one. Finally, a single master curve of particle diffusivity versus excess entropy is presented that unifies observations for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium suspensions.
Instant Multi-View Head Capture through Learnable Registration (2023)

Existing methods for capturing datasets of 3D heads in dense semantic correspondence are slow, and commonly address the problem in two separate steps; multi-view stereo (MVS) reconstruction followed by non-rigid registration. To simplify this process, we introduce TEMPEH (Towards Estimation of 3D Meshes from Performances of Expressive Heads) to directly infer 3D heads in dense correspondence from calibrated multi-view images. Registering datasets of 3D scans typically requires manual parameter tuning to find the right balance between accurately fitting the scans surfaces and being robust to scanning noise and outliers. Instead, we propose to jointly register a 3D head dataset while training TEMPEH. Specifically, during training we minimize a geometric loss commonly used for surface registration, effectively leveraging TEMPEH as a regularizer. Our multi-view head inference builds on a volumetric feature representation that samples and fuses features from each view using camera calibration information. To account for partial occlusions and a large capture volume that enables head movements, we use view- and surface-aware feature fusion, and a spatial transformer-based head localization module, respectively. We use raw MVS scans as supervision during training, but, once trained, TEMPEH directly predicts 3D heads in dense correspondence without requiring scans. Predicting one head takes about 0.3 seconds with a median reconstruction error of 0.26 mm, 64% lower than the current state-of-the-art. This enables the efficient capture of large datasets containing multiple people and diverse facial motions. Code, model, and data are publicly available at https://tempeh.is.tue.mpg.de.
Using X-ray Powder Diffraction to Determine the Structure of VPI-5 - A Molecular Sieve with the Largest Known Pores (1988)

The synthesis of a new family of aluminophosphate-based molecular sieves containing pores defined by 18 tetrahedrally linked atoms has been described by Davis et al at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). This development reprsents the first reposted synthesis of a moleoular sieve with pores larger than those defined by 12 tetrahedrally linked atoms. This material has been shown to readily absorb triisopropyl benzene and exhibits a pore size distribution, determined from, its argon adsorption isotherm, which suggests the existence of molecular sieve pores larger than those found in known molecular sieves. Confirmation of a pore defined by 18 tetrahedrally linked aluminum and phosphorus atoms was accomplished by crystallographic structure determination using X-ray powder diffraction data. Single crystal methods were impossible due to an inability to synthesize crystals of suitable size. Details of the structure determination are reported in this work.
Artificial Synapse based on Dual-gate Organic Thin-Film Transistor (2022)

This work presents the possibility of incorporating both biological synaptic plasticity and hysteresis-free switching properties in the same organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) device by taking advantages of the dual-gate structure. It is achieved by forming a high-quality top channel-dielectric interface, while leaving the bottom channel-dielectric interface with charge traps. When only the top-gate being switched, the device exhibits hysteresis-free switching properties. When the two gates are connected, charge trapping/de-trapping at the bottom interface brings biological synaptic plasticity properties. Photo-enhanced synaptic properties are also presented with this device.
Thermochromic Polydiacetylene Micro- and Nanocrystals:  An Unusual Size Effect in Electronic Spectra (2008)

Micro- and nanoscale crystals of the thermochromic polydiacetylenes (PDAs) ETCD and PUDO exhibit electronic absorption maxima at wavelengths longer than those observed in bulk crystal specimens of the same materials. This observation is in contrast to the reported behavior of PDA−DCH where the absorption maximum shifts to shorter wavelengths as crystal size decreases. Infrared spectra and X-ray powder data indicate that the small crystals have the same composition and a structure similar to the bulk specimens. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals a larger endothermic heat of the thermochromic phase transition in the small crystals vs bulk specimens. The crystal morphology and structure of microsized, nanosized, and bulk crystals of PDA−ETCD and PDA−PUDO were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED). For both PDAs, no drastic changes in lattice parameters were observed as crystal size decreases from bulk to micro- and nanoscale.
Engineering Cartilage in a Photochemically Crosslinked Collagen Gel (2009)

This study's purpose was to investigate whether photochemically crosslinking collagen gel to encapsulate chondrocytes (articular, auricular, costal) would permit new cartilage formation in vivo, and to determine whether this neocartilage had the ability to integrate with existing native cartilage. Chondrocytes from swine were embedded in collagen gel that was photochemically crosslinked using riboflavin and visible light. Controls were collagen gels containing cells that were not crosslinked. Cylindrical implants (0.1 cc) were placed in athymic mice for 4 and 8 weeks. To study integration, the constructs were crosslinked within articular cartilage rings and implanted in the mice. Samples were analyzed in terms of macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical aspects. Photocrosslinking did not affect the amount of glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen produced by the cells. We found that photochemical crosslinking collagen gel enhances the physical parameters of the gel and permits new cartilage formation that can integrate with existing native cartilage.
Pendred syndrome, DFNB4, andPDS/SLC26A4 identification of eight novel mutations and possible genotype-phenotype correlations (2001)

Mutations in PDS (SLC26A4) cause both Pendred syndrome and DFNB4, two autosomal recessive disorders that share hearing loss as a common feature. The hearing loss is associated with temporal bone abnormalities, ranging from isolated enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (dilated vestibular aqueduct, DVA) to Mondini dysplasia, a complex malformation in which the normal cochlear spiral of 2(1/2) turns is replaced by a hypoplastic coil of 1(1/2) turns. In Pendred syndrome, thyromegaly also develops, although affected persons usually remain euthyroid. We identified PDS mutations in the proband of 14 of 47 simplex families (30%) and nine of 11 multiplex families (82%) (P=0.0023). In all cases, mutations segregated with the disease state in multiplex families. Included in the 15 different PDS allele variants we found were eight novel mutations. The two most common mutations, T416P and IVS8+1G>A, were present in 22% and 30% of families, respectively. The finding of PDS mutations in five of six multiplex families with DVA (83%) and four of five multiplex families with Mondini dysplasia (80%) implies that mutations in this gene are the major genetic cause of these temporal anomalies. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic data supports the hypothesis that the type of temporal bone anomaly may depend on the specific PDS allele variant present.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION AND BLOOD MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND COAGULATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH POTENTIAL GENETIC PREDISPOSITION ON THE DETOXIFYING PATHWAY (2011)

Background and Aims: The pathophysiological pathways linking particulate air pollution to cardiovascular disease are still not fully understood. We examined the association between ambient air pollutants and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation in three potentially susceptible populations. Methods: Three panels of non-smoking individuals were examined: 1) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=83), 2) with impaired glucose tolerance (n=104), and 3) with a potential genetic predisposition on the detoxifying pathway (n=87) defined by the null polymorphism for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in combination with a certain single nucleotide polymorphism on the C-reactive protein (CRP) or the Fibrinogen gene. Study participants had blood withdrawn up to seven times, scheduled every 4-6 weeks between 3/2007 and 12/2008. In total, 1765 blood samples were investigated for CRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Hourly means of PM10, PM2.5 (particle diameter&lt;10µm and &lt;2.5µm, respectively), particle number concentrations and nitrogen dioxide were collected at a fixed monitoring site and individual 24 hour averages calculated. Associations between air pollutants and blood markers were analysed using additive mixed models adjusting for long-term time trend and meteorology. Results: For the panel with potential genetic susceptibility sCD40L and PAI-1 showed negative associations with all air pollutants within 24 hours before blood samples were taken (lag 0). Clear positive associations were seen for CRP and MPO especially with lags of 1 to 3 days (% change of geometric mean and 95% confidence interval for lag 1: 14.5 [5.3;24.6] and 4.9 [0.7;9.3] per interquartile range of PM2.5, respectively). Results for IL-6, fibrinogen and the two other panels were less conclusive. Conclusions: Patients with potential genetic susceptibility showed a clear association with ambient air pollutants. Our results support the idea that systemic inflammation may aggravate atherosclerotic disease, especially in susceptible populations.
Perceiving slant about a horizontal axis from stereopsis (2001)

Rotating a surface about a horizontal axis alters the retinal horizontal-shear disparities. Opposed torsional eye movements (cyclovergence) also change horizontal shear. If there were no compensation for the horizontal disparities created by cyclovergence, slant estimates would be erroneous. We asked whether compensation for cyclovergence occurs, and, if it does, whether it occurs by use of an extraretinal cyclovergence signal, by use of vertical-shear disparities, or by use of both signals. In four experiments, we found that compensation is nearly veridical when vertical-shear disparities are available and easily measured. When they are not available or easily measured, no compensation occurs. Thus, the visual system does not seem to use an extraretinal cyclovergence signal in stereoscopic slant estimation. We also looked for evidence of an extraretinal cyclovergence signal in a visual direction task and found none. We calculated the statistical reliabilities of slant-from-disparity and slant-from-texture estimates and found that the more reliable of the two means of estimation varies significantly with distance and slant. Finally, we examined how slant about a horizontal axis might be estimated when the eyes look eccentrically.
Effects of partial liquid ventilation with perfluorodecalin in the juvenile rabbit lung after saline injury (2000)

These results demonstrate that PLV with perfluorodecalin improved oxygenation and increased respiratory compliance in the saline-injured rabbit lung. In addition, similar to the effects of several other perfluorochemical liquids on normal lungs, pulmonary administration of perfluorodecalin was associated with a small impairment in gas exchange and a significant decrease in lung compliance in the juvenile rabbit model.