gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Predictive Control for Power Converters in a Distorted Three-Phase Power Supply (2016)

The interest on weak and micro-grid systems has grown up substantially last time, specially tied up to distributed power generation systems (DPGSs), isolated systems as aircraft, or islanding power systems. These kinds of grids are usually under significant variation in their quantities, specifically in their voltage amplitude and/or frequency. On this line, many studies about synchronization methods have been developed, which may work under variations on the frequency value, unbalanced voltage, and even with harmonic distortion. However, power converters connected to this class of systems are poorly documented-specifically controlled rectifiers. In fact, most of the controlled grid connected converters (GCCs) are defined to work in a fixed frequency and balanced system. This paper deals with a GCC connected to a variable-frequency and unbalanced voltage supply system control through a predictive algorithm with a fixed resolution sampling strategy. Furthermore, the current references are imposed in order to help the weak-grid source subjected to unbalancing, taking more power from the phase with highest voltage amplitude and relaxing the other phases. This issue makes to calculate every phase current reference independently and accordingly the voltage amplitudes keep the dc-link voltage in a desired value. The results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, where the performance is highlighted by simulated and experimental waveforms.
Development of Solid-State Li/Sulfur - Selenium as Safe and High Capacity Battery (2017)

This is an invited presentation on Development of Solid-State Li/Sulfur-Selenium as Safe and High Capacity Battery for The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2020 149th Annual Meeting and Exhibition in San Diego, California.
Performance Analysis of Coherent PLC With MPSK Signaling in Nakagami-$m$ Noise Environment (2020)

An N-branch receive diversity power line communication (PLC) system subject to Rayleigh fading and corrupted by additive Nakagami-m background noise is considered. A suboptimal maximal-ratio-combining (MRC), an optimal diversity combining, and a Gauss-optimal receiver are proposed for the PLC system. A closed form expression for the exact symbol error probability (SEP) and a union bound SEP expression are obtained for the proposed MRC and Gauss-optimal receivers, respectively, using a characteristic function (c.f.) approach for the system employing M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) at the transmitter, conditioned to mN being an integer. The asymptotic expression for the SEP obtained for the MRC receiver at high signal-to-noise (SNR) demonstrates that the diversity order of the system is independent of the shape parameter m of the additive noise which is identical to the diversity order of the optimal and the Gauss-optimal receivers. Further, numerical studies justify the advantages of employing receive diversity to achieve superior SEP performance. The effect of increasing the diversity branches on the PLC system performance with varying m and the power efficiency of the PLC system are also presented.
A molecular basis for nitric oxide sensing by soluble guanylate cyclase (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a signaling agent by activation of the soluble isoform of guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric hemoprotein. NO binds to the heme of sGC and triggers formation of cGMP from GTP. Here we report direct kinetic measurements of the multistep binding of NO to sGC and correlate these presteady state events with activation of enzyme catalysis. NO binds to sGC to form a six-coordinate, nonactivated, intermediate (k(on) > 1.4 x 10(8) M(-1).s(-1) at 4 degrees C). Subsequent release of the axial histidine heme ligand is shown to be the molecular step responsible for activation of the enzyme. The rate at which this step proceeds also depends on NO concentration (k = 2.4 x 10(5) M(-1).s(-1) at 4 degrees C), thus identifying a novel mode of regulation by NO. NO binding to the isolated heme domain of sGC was also rapid (k = 7.1 +/- 2 x 10(8) M(-1).s(-1) at 4 degrees C); however, no intermediate was observed. The data show that sGC acts as an extremely fast, specific, and highly efficient trap for NO and that cleavage of the iron-histidine bond provides the driving force for activation of sGC. In addition, the kinetic data indicate that transport or stabilization of NO is not necessary for effective signal transmission.
SafeTogether: Personal Safety and Situational Awareness using Mobile Devices (2010)

Mobile devices have become popular for personal communication during emergencies as has been observed by researchers from public behavior during crisis situations in the past few years. People mostly use standard text and voice services on mobile devices to communicate during emergencies. However, free form text or voice may not always be the best means of communication due to operational or situational constraints in emergencies. Moreover, current devices are equipped with sensors that can capture rich situational context beyond what text and voice can convey, which can help responders make informed decisions during emergencies. In this paper, we present the design of a system that takes advantage of these features to enhance personal safety by capturing situational information and enables simultaneous communication with groups of people during critical and minor emergency situations. The design focuses on the ability to use the tool without prior training and to learn through usage during minor emergency situations. We developed a prototype, called SafeTogether, based on these design principles and performed a study to evaluate the usability of our system. Results of the study showed that we met our design objectives and helped identify certain usability issues.
Design SRAMs for burn-in (2002)

SRAM designers and product engineers must balance the diverse aspects involved in developing and manufacturing quality ICs. This paper describes how cost and complexity design techniques to improve burn-in, noting implications for performance, power and density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hardware Acceleration for Finite-Element Electromagnetics: Efficient Sparse Matrix Floating-Point Computations With FPGAs (2007)

Custom hardware acceleration of electromagnetics computation leverages favorable industry trends, which indicate reconfigurable hardware devices such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may soon outperform general-purpose CPUs. We present a new striping method for efficient sparse matrix-vector multiplication implemented in a deeply pipelined FPGA design. The effectiveness of the new method is illustrated for a representative set of finite-element matrices computed on our highly scalable and fully pipelined FPGA-based implementation
Optical Design Considerations for Thin Photonic Power Converters with Textured Back Reflector (2022)

Photonic power converters (PPC) convert narrow-band light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. In this study, we discussed optical design considerations of thin InAlGaAs PPCs with integrated pyramidal nano-textured back reflectors (BRs) under 1310 nm illumination. Simulation results using the finite difference time domain method revealed that multiple combinations of design space parameters yield similar total absorptance at 1310 nm but with different absorptance spectra. A tolerance study performed using one optimized design showed that a 70 nm variation in device thickness shifted BR-induced resonances from constructive to destructive interference and a 50 nm variation of the height and base width of nano-pyramids dropped the absorptance by more than 25% (absolute). Among all simulated designs, those with overlapping resonances around the target wavelength that incorporated a thin-film antireflection coating were the least sensitive to variations in the illumination wavelength.
Time-Dependent Transformation of an Electrospun Isotactic Poly(1-butene) Fibrous Membrane (2007)

Isotactic poly(1-butene) (i-PB) fibrous membranes with fiber diameters on the order of microns were prepared from polymer solutions using mixed solvents via electrospinning. As demonstrated by FE-SEM, unexpected structures such as curled, twisted ribbon fibers and hollow hemisphere (HHS) on a string appeared depending on the type of solvents used. Furthermore, it was observed that electrospun fibrous membranes and solvent cast films gave rise to different crystalline modifications even though they were formed from the same solutions. This may be due to different crystallization times and stresses induced during the electrospinning process. The electrospun fibrous membrane contained both form I (twinned hexagonal structure) and metastable form II (tetragonal structure) immediately after spinning. The metastable form II gradually transformed into the stable form I at room temperature over the span of several days. This transformation was observed to occur more rapidly with increased temperature. In comparison, solvent cast films contained a mixture of form III (orthorhombic structure) and a small amount of form I‘ (untwinned hexagonal structure) and was stable at room temperature. However, form III is the dominant crystal structure in the solvent cast film, as determined by WAXD. These transformations were investigated as a function of aging time by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry.
Video 5 from Autocrine Fibronectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ca1h cells partially depleted for FN (shFN33) demonstrate reduced formation of fibrillar strains when cultured on our 3D culture scaffold.&lt;/p&gt;
An Empirical Study of Explainable AI Techniques on Deep Learning Models\n For Time Series Tasks (2020)

Decision explanations of machine learning black-box models are often\ngenerated by applying Explainable AI (XAI) techniques. However, many proposed\nXAI methods produce unverified outputs. Evaluation and verification are usually\nachieved with a visual interpretation by humans on individual images or text.\nIn this preregistration, we propose an empirical study and benchmark framework\nto apply attribution methods for neural networks developed for images and text\ndata on time series. We present a methodology to automatically evaluate and\nrank attribution techniques on time series using perturbation methods to\nidentify reliable approaches.\n
Mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguides and devices [Invited] (2018)

Silicon has been the material of choice of the photonics industry over the last decade due to its easy integration with silicon electronics, high index contrast, small footprint, and low cost, as well as its optical transparency in the near-infrared and parts of mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths (from 1.1 to 8 μm). While considerations of micro- and nano-fabrication-induced device parameter deviations and a higher-than-desirable propagation loss still serve as a bottleneck in many on-chip data communication applications, applications as sensors do not require similar stringent controls. Photonic devices on chips are increasingly being demonstrated for chemical and biological sensing with performance metrics rivaling benchtop instruments and thus promising the potential of portable, handheld, and wearable monitoring of various chemical and biological analytes. In this paper, we review recent advances in MIR silicon photonics research. We discuss the pros and cons of various platforms, the fabrication procedures for building such platforms, and the benchmarks demonstrated so far, together with their applications. Novel device architectures and improved fabrication techniques have paved a viable way for realizing low-cost, high-density, multi-function integrated devices in the MIR. These advances are expected to benefit several application domains in the years to come, including communication networks, sensing, and nonlinear systems.
Input-size dependence of the baroreflex neural arc transfer characteristics (2003)

Static characteristics of the baroreflex neural arc from pressure input to sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) show sigmoidal nonlinearity, whereas its dynamic characteristics approximate a derivative filter where the magnitude of SNA response becomes greater as the input frequency increases. To reconcile the static nonlinear and dynamic linear components, we examined the effects of input amplitude on the apparent linear transfer function of the neural arc. In nine anesthetized rabbits, we perturbed isolated carotid sinus pressure by using binary white noise while varying the input amplitude among 5, 10, 20, and 40 mmHg. With increasing input amplitude, the transfer gain at 0.01 Hz decreased from 1.21 +/- 0.27 to 0.49 +/- 0.28 arbitrary units/mmHg (P < 0.01). Moreover, the slope of the transfer gain between 0.03 and 0.3 Hz decreased from 14.3 +/- 3.7 to 6.5 +/- 2.5 dB/decade (P < 0.01). We conclude that the model consisting of a sigmoidal component following rather than preceding a derivative component explains the observed results and thus can be used as a first approximation of the overall neural arc transfer characteristics.
Improving Semantic Parsing via Answer Type Inference (2016)

In this work, we show the possibility of inferring the answer type before solving a factoid question and leveraging the type information to improve semantic parsing. By replacing the topic entity in a question with its type, we are able to generate an abstract form of the question, whose answer corresponds to the answer type of the original question. A bidirectional LSTM model is built to train over the abstract form of questions and infer their answer types. It is also observed that if we convert a question into a statement form, our LSTM model achieves better accuracy. Using the predicted type information to rerank the logical forms returned by AgendaIL, one of the leading semantic parsers, we are able to improve the F1-score from 49.7% to 52.6% on the WE-BQUESTIONS data.
Fine Scale Turbulence Noise from Dual Stream Jets (2004)

Nowadays, commercial aircrafts, invariably, use high-bypass-ratio dual-stream jets for propulsion. As yet, there is still an urgent need for an accurate physics-based noise prediction theory for jets of this configuration. Thus, an investigation is made to determine whether the Tam and Auriault theory, originally developed for predicting the fine-scale turbulence noise of single-stream jets, is capable of predicting accurately the fine-scale turbulence noise of dual-stream jets from separate flow nozzles operating at various bypass ratios. The configuration of a separate flow nozzle is fairly complex. Hence, the jet flow and turbulence in the nozzle region and in the region immediately downstream are also fairly complex. However, these are also the most important noise source regions of the jet. To enable an accurate computation of the mean flow and turbulence level in these regions, a computational aeroacoustics marching algorithm for calculating the parabolized Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations supplemented by the k-e turbulence model is provided
Isolation of T-Cell Receptors Specifically Reactive with Mutated Tumor-Associated Antigens from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Based on CD137 Expression (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> The adoptive transfer of lymphocytes genetically modified to express tumor reactive T-cell receptors (TCR) can mediate tumor regression. Some tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) recognize somatic mutations expressed only in the patient's tumors, and evidence suggests that clinically effective TILs target tumor-specific neoantigens. Here we attempted to isolate neoantigen-reactive TCRs as a prelude to the treatment of patients with autologous T cells genetically modified to express such TCRs.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Mutations expressed by tumors were identified using whole-exome and RNA sequencing. Tandem minigene (TMG) constructs encoding 12-24 mutated gene products were synthesized, each encoding the mutated amino acid flanked by 12 amino acids of the normal protein sequence. TILs were cultured with autologous dendritic cells (DC) transfected with <i>in vitro</i> transcribed (IVT) mRNAs encoding TMGs and were evaluated for IFNγ secretion and CD137 expression. Neoantigen-reactive T cells were enriched from TILs by sorting for CD137<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and expanded <i>in vitro</i> Dominant TCR α and β chains were identified in the enriched populations using a combination of 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, deep sequencing of genomic DNA, PairSeq analysis, and single-cell RT-PCR analysis. Human PBL retrovirally transduced to express the TCRs were evaluated for recognition of relevant neoantigens.<b>Results:</b> We identified 27 TCRs from 6 patients that recognized 14 neoantigens expressed by autologous tumor cells.<b>Conclusions:</b> This strategy provides the means to generate T cells expressing neoantigen-reactive TCRs for use in future adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy trials for patients with cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2491-505. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Time-resolved fluorescence for breast cancer detection using an octreotate-indocyanine green derivative dye conjugate (2013)

Time-resolved fluorescence was used to investigate malignant and normal adjacent breast tissues stained with a conjugate of indocyanine green and octreotate. A marked increase in fluorescence lifetime intensity was seen in the breast cancer sample compared to the normal sample. The fluorescent lifetimes were also investigated and showed similar fluorescence decay curves in stained malignant and normal breast tissue. These results confirm that somatostatin receptors occur on human breast carcinomas, suggest that the presence of somatostatin receptors should be investigated as a marker of breast cancer aggressiveness, and suggest that this conjugate might be used to detect the presence of residual breast cancer after surgery, allowing better assessment of tumor margins and reducing the need for second or repeat biopsies in selected patients. These results may also provide clues for designing future treatment options for breast cancer patients.
Host cell-surface proteins as substrates of gingipains, the main proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis (2018)

Gingipains are extracellular cysteine proteases of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and are its most potent virulence factors. They can degrade a great variety of host proteins, thereby helping the bacterium to evade the host immune response, deregulate signaling pathways, trigger anoikis and, finally, cause tissue destruction. Host cell-surface proteins targeted by gingipains are the main focus of this review and span three groups of substrates: immune-regulatory proteins, signaling pathways regulators and adhesion molecules. The analysis of published data revealed that gingipains predominantly inactivate their substrates by cleaving them at one or more sites, or through complete degradation. Sometimes, gingipains were even found to initially shed their membrane substrates, but this was mostly just the first step in the degradation of cell-surface proteins.
Chromium-Catalyzed CO2–Epoxide Copolymerization (2014)

Iminopyrrole, aminopyrrole, and aminophosphine ligands were complexed with various chromium sources, producing eight complexes that were tested for their catalytic behavior toward epoxide–CO2 copolymerization. As elucidated by MALDI-TOF-MS, copolymerizations afforded polycarbonates and poly(ether-carbonates) exhibiting linear or cyclic topologies.
Sensitivity analysis of FDG PET tumor voxel cluster radiomics and dosimetry for predicting mid-chemoradiation regional response of locally advanced lung cancer (2020)

We investigated the sensitivity of regional tumor response prediction to variability in voxel clustering techniques, imaging features, and machine learning algorithms in 25 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) enrolled on the FLARE-RT clinical trial. Metabolic tumor volumes (MTV) from pre-chemoradiation (PETpre) and mid-chemoradiation fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) images (PETmid) were subdivided into K-means or hierarchical voxel clusters by standardized uptake values (SUV) and 3D-positions. MTV cluster separability was evaluated by CH index, and morphologic changes were captured by Dice similarity and centroid Euclidean distance. PETpre conventional features included SUVmean, MTV/MTV cluster size, and mean radiation dose. PETpre radiomics consisted of 41 intensity histogram and 3D texture features (PET Oncology Radiomics Test Suite) extracted from MTV or MTV clusters. Machine learning models (multiple linear regression, support vector regression, logistic regression, support vector machines) of conventional features or radiomic features were constructed to predict PETmid response. Leave-one-out-cross-validated root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) for continuous response regression (ΔSUVmean) and area-under-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUC) for binary response classification were calculated. K-means MTV 2-clusters (MTVhi, MTVlo) achieved maximum CH index separability (Friedman p < 0.001). Between PETpre and PETmid, MTV cluster pairs overlapped (Dice 0.70-0.87) and migrated 0.6-1.1 cm. PETmid ΔSUVmean response prediction was superior in MTV and MTVlo (RMSE = 0.17-0.21) compared to MTVhi (RMSE = 0.42-0.52, Friedman p < 0.001). PETmid ΔSUVmean response class prediction performance trended higher in MTVlo (AUC = 0.83-0.88) compared to MTVhi (AUC = 0.44-0.58, Friedman p = 0.052). Models were more sensitive to MTV/MTV cluster regions (Friedman p = 0.026) than feature sets/algorithms (Wilcoxon signed-rank p = 0.36). Top-ranked radiomic features included GLZSM-LZHGE (large-zone-high-SUV), GTSDM-CP (cluster-prominence), GTSDM-CS (cluster-shade) and NGTDM-CNT (contrast). Top-ranked features were consistent between MTVhi and MTVlo cluster pairs but varied between MTVhi-MTVlo clusters, reflecting distinct regional radiomic phenotypes. Variability in tumor voxel cluster response prediction can inform robust radiomic target definition for risk-adaptive chemoradiation in patients with LA-NSCLC. FLARE-RT trial: NCT02773238.