gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Third Prize: The Role of Endoscopic Nephron-Sparing Surgery in the Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (2011)

NSS offered shorter hospital stay but had increased risk of recurrence. Therefore, extreme care should be made to rule out occult invasive tumors preoperatively. Patients being managed endoscopically must be informed of the necessity for close follow-up.
Classical and Quantum Correlations in Waveguide Lattices (2008)

The propagation of correlated photon pairs in a lattice of coupled waveguides is studied. We calculate the evolution of quantum correlations along the lattice, and experimentally demonstrate a classical analogue using two incoherent sources.
Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties (1998)

Quercetin is one of the most widely distributed flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. The present experiments were performed on rats adapted for 3 wk to a semipurified diet supplemented with 0.2% quercetin. The major part of the circulating metabolites of quercetin (91.5%) are glucurono-sulfo conjugates of isorhamnetin (3'-O-methyl quercetin; 89.1 +/- 2.1 microM) and of quercetin (14.7 +/- 1.7 microM); the minor part (8.5%) is constituted by glucuronides of quercetin and its methoxylated forms (9.6 +/- 2.3 microM). Conjugated dienes formation, resulting from Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of rat very low density lipoproteins + low density lipoproteins (LDL), was effectively inhibited in vitro by conjugated metabolites of quercetin. These metabolites appeared to be four times more potent than trolox in inhibiting LDL oxidation. Moreover, the plasma from rats adapted to a diet containing 0.2% quercetin exhibited a total antioxidant status markedly higher than that of control rats (+60%). This study shows that ubiquitous quercetin is conjugated in vivo, yielding metabolites that exhibit antioxidant properties. Thus the health benefits of flavonoids in foods can be due to the antioxidant properties of their metabolites.
940: Novel Acellular Collagen Matrix for Peyronie's Repair (2005)

METHODS: : 45 patients with Peyronie's disease and pain symptoms were randomized in a cross-over study design for a treatment period of 12 weeks receiving verum for 8 weeks and placebo for 4 weeks. Pre-and posttreatment assessment included pain evaluation, plaque size and hardness, penile deviation and erectile function. The primary endpoint was the statistical evaluation of pain at week 4 when patients hade received SOD or placebo for this period RESULTS: SOD therapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction of pain (p=0,017) already after 4 weeks vs. placebo. At week 12 pain was significantly reduced in 89% of patients. Response to other disease parameters was assessed at week 12. Plaque size and consistence was reduced in 47% of patients, stayed unchanged in 45% and was increased in 8%. Penis curvature stayed unchanged in 74% of patients, was improved in 16 % and increased in 10 % of patients. At week 12, 71% of patients evaluated the general efficacy of treatment as good and associated with significant symptom amelioration. SOD treatment was well tolerated with no therapy-related side effects observed.
SET‐LRP of methyl methacrylate initiated with sulfonyl halides (2010)

Abstract Single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) represents a robust and versatile method for the rapid synthesis of macromolecules with defined architecture. The present article describes the polymerization of methyl methacrylate by SET‐LRP in protic solvent mixtures. Herein, the polymerization process was catalyzed by a straightforward Cu(0)wire/Me 6 ‐TREN catalyst while initiation was obtained by toluenesulfonyl chloride. All experiments were conducted at 50 °C and the living polymerization was demonstrated by kinetic evaluation of the SET‐LRP. The process follows first order kinetic until all monomer is consumed which was typically achieved within 4 h. The molecular weight increased linearly with conversion and the molecular weight distributions were very narrow with M w / M n ∼ 1.1. Detailed investigations of the polymer samples by MALDI‐TOF confirmed that no termination took place and that the chain end functionality is retained throughout the polymerization process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2236–2242, 2010
Regioselective hydrolysis of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthobenzoate via a 1,2-bridged 2′-phenyl-1′,3′-dioxolan-2′-ylium ion provides a rapid route to the anticancer agent Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 (2006)

Acid hydrolysis of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthobenzoate leads regioselectively to 2-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol via a 1,2-bridged 2'-phenyl-1',3'-dioxolan-2'-ylium ion observed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, providing the precursor for a highly efficient route to the anticancer agent myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.
Leveraging multi-core CPUs in the context of demand planning (2009)

Over the last couple of years a paradigm shift in CPU development has been happening: away from increasing the clock rate towards increasing the numbers of cores per CPU. In order to leverage the resulting new architectures, nowadays business applications have to be rewritten or at least adapted. This paper describes the most characteristic operations in the context of demand planning which is a crucial part of supply chain management. Furthermore, it presents different strategies how those operations can be distributed onto several cores. The different strategies were prototypically implemented and measured on different systems (including Intel Core and Nehalem Microarchitecture) in order to determine their efficiency. The paper concludes with a comparison of the different strategies, identifies the most efficient one, and describes the potential performance gain in demand planning by leveraging multi-core CPUs.
Gene expression profiling of in vivo UVB‐irradiated human epidermis (2004)

Human intact epidermis responds to a single low dose of in vivo UVB irradiation by differential regulation of numerous genes. Our results illustrate the power of global gene expression analysis of human epidermis to identify molecular pathways involved in UV-induced photodamage.
Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-epibatidine (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-epibatidineE. J. Corey, Teck Peng Loh, Sidduri AchyuthaRao, Donnette C. Daley, and Sepehr SarsharCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 21, 5600–5602Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00073a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00073a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1836Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: Endocrine tumour syndromes in children and adolescents (2018)

As medicine is poised to be transformed by incorporating genetic data in its daily practice, it is essential that clinicians familiarise themselves with the information that is now available from more than 50 years of genetic discoveries that continue unabated and increase by the day. Endocrinology has always stood at the forefront of what is called today ‘precision medicine’: genetic disorders of the pituitary and the adrenal glands were among the first to be molecularly elucidated in the 1980s. The discovery of two endocrine-related genes, GNAS and RET , both identified in the late 1980s, contributed greatly in the understanding of cancer and its progression. The use of RET mutation testing for the management of medullary thyroid cancer was among the first and one of most successful applications of genetics in informing clinical decisions in an individualised manner, in this case by preventing cancer or guiding the choice of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. New information emerges every day in the genetics or system biology of endocrine disorders. This review goes over most of these discoveries and the known endocrine tumour syndromes. We cover key genetic developments for each disease and provide information that can be used by the clinician in daily practice.
draft-irtf-cfrg-bls-signature-02 (2020)

BLS is a digital signature scheme with aggregation properties. Given
set of signatures (signature_1, ..., signature_n) anyone can produce
an aggregated signature. Aggregation can also be done on secret keys
and public keys. Furthermore, the BLS signature scheme is
deterministic, non-malleable, and efficient. Its simplicity and
cryptographic properties allows it to be useful in a variety of use-
cases, specifically when minimal storage space or bandwidth are
required.
Stars and dendrimer-like architectures by the divergent method using controlled radical polymerization (2001)

Using novel multihalide compounds based on 4-tert-butylcalix[4,6,8]arenes as initiators, molecularly well-defined polystyrenes (PS) and poly[alkyl-(meth)acrylates] could be obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This core-first approach and therefore the very same initiators also served to derive star block copolymers. Dendrimer-like architectures based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and PS were prepared upon combination of anionic polymerization for the inner PEO part and ATRP for the outer PS shell.
Electric field control of chirality (2022)

Polar textures have attracted substantial attention in recent years as a promising analog to spin-based textures in ferromagnets. Here, using optical second-harmonic generation–based circular dichroism, we demonstrate deterministic and reversible control of chirality over mesoscale regions in ferroelectric vortices using an applied electric field. The microscopic origins of the chirality, the pathway during the switching, and the mechanism for electric field control are described theoretically via phase-field modeling and second-principles simulations, and experimentally by examination of the microscopic response of the vortices under an applied field. The emergence of chirality from the combination of nonchiral materials and subsequent control of the handedness with an electric field has far-reaching implications for new electronics based on chirality as a field-controllable order parameter.
Abstract 1269: Pharmacological targeting of transcription-replication conflict leads to anti-cancer efficacy with minimal side effects in preclinical models (2021)

Abstract Unchecked growth of cancer cells places simultaneous demands on DNA replication and transcription. Targeting the transcription-replication conflict (TRC), a major source of genome instability, could have important therapeutic implications. However, testing this hypothesis is difficult without agents directly targeting TRC. Here, we report a small molecule ligand (AOH1996) of the replisome component PCNA, which stabilizes interaction between PCNA and the large subunit (rpb1) of RNA polymerase II through the APIM motif, resulting in proteasome-dependent degradation of rpb1 and lethal DNA damages. Orally administrable, AOH1996 suppresses tumor growth without discernable toxicity at more than 10 time the compound's effective dose. In addition, AOH1996 works synergistically with known DNA damage agents to kill cancer cells. These results reveal TRC as cancer-selective vulnerability and demonstrated the therapeutic potential of AOH1996. Citation Format: Long Gu, Caroline Li, Robert Lingeman, Robert J. Hickey, Linda H. Malkas. Pharmacological targeting of transcription-replication conflict leads to anti-cancer efficacy with minimal side effects in preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1269.
The effect of avocado and soybean unsaponifiables on freshly isolated human articular chondrocytes (1997)

peer reviewed
ChemInform Abstract: Benzodiaza‐, Benzoxaza‐, and Benzodioxaphosphorinones ‐ Formation, Reactivity, Structure, and Biological Activity (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preferential coreceptor utilization and cytopathicity by dual-tropic HIV-1 in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo (1999)

Many HIV-1 isolates at the late stage of disease are capable of using both CXCR4 and CCR5 in transfected cell lines, and are thus termed dual-tropic. Here we asked whether these dual-tropic variants also use both coreceptors for productive infection in a natural human lymphoid tissue microenvironment, and whether use of a particular coreceptor is associated with viral cytopathicity. We used 3 cloned dual-tropic HIV-1 variants, 89.6 and its chimeras 89-v345.SF and 89-v345.FL, which use both CCR5 and CXCR4 in transfected cell lines. In human lymphoid tissue ex vivo, one variant preferentially used CCR5, another preferentially used CXCR4, and a third appeared to be a true dual-tropic variant. The 2 latter variants severely depleted CD4(+) T cells, whereas cytopathicity of the virus that used CCR5 only in lymphoid tissue was mild and confined to CCR5(+)/CD4(+) T cells. Thus, (a) HIV-1 coreceptor usage in vitro cannot be unconditionally extrapolated to natural microenvironment of human lymphoid tissue; (b) dual-tropic viruses are not homogeneous in their coreceptor usage in lymphoid tissue, but probably comprise a continuum between the 2 polar variants that use CXCR4 or CCR5 exclusively; and (c) cytopathicity toward the general CD4(+) T cell population in lymphoid tissue is associated with the use of CXCR4.
<title>Psychophysical approach to modeling image semantics</title> (2001)

Current image retrieval systems compare images based on low- level primitives, such as color, color layout, texture and shape. However, recent psychophysical experiments show that human observers primarily use high-level semantic descriptors and categories to judge image similarity. To model. these high-level descriptors in terms of low-level primitives we use hierarchical clustering to segment the psychophysically determined image similarity space into semantically meaningful categories. We then conduct a series of psychophysical experiments to evaluate the perceptual salience of these categories. For each category we investigate the correlation with low-level pictorial features to identify semantically relevant features, their organization and distribution. Our findings suggest a new semantically based image similarity model.
Network Defense is Not a Game (2021)

Research seeks to apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) to scale and extend the capabilities of human operators to defend networks. A fundamental problem that hinders the generalization of successful AI approaches -- i.e., beating humans at playing games -- is that network defense cannot be defined as a single game with a fixed set of rules. Our position is that network defense is better characterized as a collection of games with uncertain and possibly drifting rules. Hence, we propose to define network defense tasks as distributions of network environments, to: (i) enable research to apply modern AI techniques, such as unsupervised curriculum learning and reinforcement learning for network defense; and, (ii) facilitate the design of well-defined challenges that can be used to compare approaches for autonomous cyberdefense. To demonstrate that an approach for autonomous network defense is practical it is important to be able to reason about the boundaries of its applicability. Hence, we need to be able to define network defense tasks that capture sets of adversarial tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs); quality of service (QoS) requirements; and TTPs available to defenders. Furthermore, the abstractions to define these tasks must be extensible; must be backed by well-defined semantics that allow us to reason about distributions of environments; and should enable the generation of data and experiences from which an agent can learn. Our approach named Network Environment Design for Autonomous Cyberdefense inspired the architecture of FARLAND, a Framework for Advanced Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Network Defense, which we use at MITRE to develop RL network defenders that perform blue actions from the MITRE Shield matrix against attackers with TTPs that drift from MITRE ATT&amp;CK TTPs.
Cooperation dynamics of generalized reciprocity in state-based social dilemmas (2018)

We introduce a framework for studying social dilemmas in networked societies where individuals follow a simple state-based behavioral mechanism based on generalized reciprocity, which is rooted in the principle "help anyone if helped by someone." Within this general framework, which applies to a wide range of social dilemmas including, among others, public goods, donation, and snowdrift games, we study the cooperation dynamics on a variety of complex network examples. By interpreting the studied model through the lenses of nonlinear dynamical systems, we show that cooperation through generalized reciprocity always emerges as the unique attractor in which the overall level of cooperation is maximized, while simultaneously exploitation of the participating individuals is prevented. The analysis elucidates the role of the network structure, here captured by a local centrality measure which uniquely quantifies the propensity of the network structure to cooperation by dictating the degree of cooperation displayed both at the microscopic and macroscopic level. We demonstrate the applicability of the analysis on a practical example by considering an interaction structure that couples a donation process with a public goods game.
Optical Spectra of Protected Diamine 10-Bond-Bridged Intervalence Radical Cations Related to N,N,N‘N‘-Tetraalkylbenzidine (2006)

The optical absorption spectra of the delocalized intervalence radical cations of seven o,o'-linked benzidine derivatives that have the nitrogens protected as 9-(9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one) derivatives are discussed and compared with that of the p-phenylene radical cation. The linking units are CH2, CH2CH2, NMe, S, SO2, and C=O, and we also studied H,H (the unlinked benzidine). The lowest-energy absorption band is assigned as the transition from the antibonding combination of symmetrical N and aromatic orbitals to the antibonding combination of the antisymmetric N and aromatic orbitals using TD-DFT calculations, and a good correlation between the observed transition energies and those calculated using the simple Koopmans theorem-based "neutral in-cation geometry" calculations on the UB3LYP/6-31G* structures is found. The use of the two-state model that equates the electronic interaction through the bridge between the amino groups with half of the lowest transition energy is seriously incorrect for these and other delocalized intervalence compounds. The problem of extracting the electronic interactions that actually are involved from calculated transition energies is discussed.
Upregulation of miR-142-3p in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Operationally Tolerant Patients with a Renal Transplant (2012)

Achieving drug-free tolerance or successfully using only small doses of immunosuppression is a major goal in organ transplantation. To investigate the potential mechanisms by which some kidney transplant recipients can achieve operational tolerance, we compared the expression profiles of microRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of operationally tolerant patients with those of stable patients treated with conventional immunosuppression. B cells from operationally tolerant patients overexpressed miR-142-3p. The expression of miR-142-3p was stable over time and was not modulated by immunosuppression. In Raji B cells, overexpression of miR-142-3p modulated nearly 1000 genes related to the immune response of B cells, including potential miR-142-3p targets and molecules previously identified in the blood of operationally tolerant patients. Furthermore, our results suggested that a negative feedback loop involving TGF-β signaling and miR-142-3p expression in B cells may contribute to the maintenance of tolerance. In summary, miR-142-3p expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with operational tolerance. Whether upregulation of miR-142-3p modulates inflammatory responses to promote tolerance or is a result of this tolerance state requires further study.
Microwave spectra, density functional theory calculations and molecular structure of acetylenemethyldioxorhenium (2000)

The molecular structure for acetylenemethyldioxorhenium, (C2H2)(CH3)ReO2, was obtained by measuring and analyzing the rotational spectra for 14 isotopomers. This appears to be the first gas-phase measurement for a rhenium metallacyclopropene, and the first structural data on this compound. This complex is closely related to reaction intermediates in methyltrioxorhenium and osmium tetroxide catalyzed oxidation reactions, which are important in industrial chemical production and syntheses of chiral products. The microwave spectra were measured in the 4–11 GHz range using a Flygare–Balle-type pulsed-beam microwave spectrometer. The structural parameters obtained using the 42 measured rotational constants are in very good agreement with results from the new density functional theory calculations. The structure of the acetylene ligand is modified through interaction with the metal atom, and exhibits partial sp2 hybridization in the complex. The C–C bond length is increased by 0.09 Å to 1.29 Å. The H–C–C interbond angles are reduced from 180° to 146°, and 147°. The measured rhenium, methyl–carbon bond length is 2.116(2) Å, and rhenium–acetylene carbon bond lengths are 2.043(2) Å and 2.067(2) Å. Large quadrupole splitting patterns arising from the two rhenium isotopes [χcc(185 Re)=812.62 MHz, and χcc(187 Re)=769.023 MHz], with large off-diagonal components [|χab(185 Re)|=725.40 MHz, and (|χab(187 Re)|=686.384 MHz] caused some initial difficulty in assigning transitions. When the assignments and analysis were completed, the systematic changes in the measured quadrupole coupling tensor components due to rotations of the principal inertial axes on isotopic substitution were obtained, and helped to confirm assignments for the various isotopomers.
Small reconstruction distance in convolution formalism (2008)

Different numerical wavefront propagations in Fresnel approximation are proposed in digital holography. Standard convolution formalism fails for small reconstruction distances. We developed a simplified convolution formalism that is equivalent to the angular spectrum.