gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemical and Conformational Effects on the Cycloaromatization of Dynemicin A-Related Molecules (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical and Conformational Effects on the Cycloaromatization of Dynemicin A-Related MoleculesDaniel Elbaum, John A. Jr. Porco, Thomas J. Stout, Jon Clardy, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1, 211–225Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00106a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00106a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views570Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Efficient and Continuous Approach to Information-Theoretic Exploration (2020)

Exploration of unknown environments is embedded and essential in many robotics applications. Traditional algorithms, that decide where to explore by computing the expected information gain of an incomplete map from future sensor measurements, are limited to very powerful computational platforms. In this paper, we describe a novel approach for computing this expected information gain efficiently, as principally derived via mutual information. The key idea behind the proposed approach is a continuous occupancy map framework and the recursive structure it reveals. This structure makes it possible to compute the expected information gain of sensor measurements across an entire map much faster than computing each measurements’ expected gain independently. Specifically, for an occupancy map composed of |M| cells and a range sensor that emits |Θ| measurement beams, the algorithm (titled FCMI) computes the information gain corresponding to measurements made at each cell in O(|Θ||M|) steps. To the best of our knowledge, this complexity bound is better than all existing methods for computing information gain. In our experiments, we observe that this novel, continuous approach is two orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art FSMI algorithm.
Expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors and Ligands in Paired Samples of Normal Breast Tissue, Primary Breast Carcinomas and Lymph Node Metastases (2014)

Purpose: In breast cancer, the EGF receptors host an increasing number of therapeutic targets and the interactive mechanisms of actions of the receptors and their ligands justify investigation of the EGF family as an entity. Experimental design: Paired tissue samples of normal breast tissue and primary breast carcinomas were examined in a prospective study of 163 patients. A third sample was obtained from the paired ipsilateral metastatic lymph node from 58 of these patients. The mRNA expression of four EGF receptors (HER1 - HER4) and 11 activating ligands was quantified with real-time RT-PCR. Results: Expression of HER2, HER3, and HER4 mRNA was upregulated in primary carcinomas compared to normal breast tissue while HER1 was downregulated. The mRNA expression of HER3 and HER4 differed between primary breast carcinomas and lymph node metastases whereas there was no difference in the expression of HER1 and HER2. The combination of low HER3 and low HER4 expression in the primary carcinoma was significantly more frequent in lymph node-negative patients as compared to lymph node positive patients. Distinct correlation patterns of the receptors and their corresponding activating ligands appeared in both normal breast tissue and in carcinomas, notably for the HER3 and HER4 receptors and their 3 specific ligands: HB-EGF, NRG2, and NRG4. Conclusion: HER2, HER3, and HER4 showed increased mRNA expression in carcinomas and were positively correlated to each other and to specific activating ligands. Furthermore, low HER3 and HER4 expression in the carcinomas correlated to the absence of lymph node metastases.
Study of design parameters affecting the motion of DNA for nanoinjection (2012)

This paper reports the effects of various parameters on the attraction and repulsion of DNA to and from a silicon lance. An understanding of DNA motion is crucial for a new approach to insert DNA, or other foreign microscopic matter, into a living cell. The approach, called nanoinjection, uses electrical forces to attract and repel the desired substance to a micromachined lance designed to pierce the cell membranes. We have developed mathematical models to predict the trajectory of DNA. The mathematical model allows investigation of the attraction/repulsion process by varying specific parameters. We find that the ground electrode placement, lance orientation and lance penetration significantly affect attraction or repulsion efficiency, while the gap, lance direction, lance tip width, lance tip half-angle and lance tip height do not.
Mitigation of anomalous ionosphere threat to enhance utility of LAAS Differentially Corrected Positioning Service (DCPS) (2008)

Local area augmentation system (LAAS) can be used for both Category I (CAT I) precision approach and differentially corrected positioning service (DCPS) navigation applications. Through its support of DCPS, the LAAS ground facility (LGF) is required to help meet the integrity requirements of terminal-area navigation and other operations that could use the LAAS VHF Data Broadcast in addition to precision approach. The current LAAS standards indicate that DCPS integrity risk shall not exceed 10-7 per hour [1,2]. This paper demonstrates that the requirement in current LAAS standards is hard to achieve under anomalous ionosphere and proposes potential requirements changes to improve DCPS availability. Horizontal position error (HPE) is calculated from current ionosphere threat model and is applied to individual satellites in all the subset geometries. Limited subset geometries and screening Horizontal Alert Limit (HAL) are considered as requirements changes of current LAAS MOPS for DCPS. Limited subset geometries with drill down to N-2 satellites (or SVpsilas) mitigate maximum unbounded HPE caused from 6 kilometers to 110 meters. The screening HAL of 550 meters allows maximum HPE of 300 meters.
Converging and diverging properties of human interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. (1995)

IL-4 and IL-10 are both produced by activated TH2 cells as well as basophil/mast cells. In addition, IL-10 is secreted by activated B cells, monocytes/macrophages and keratinocytes. IL-4 and IL-10 act in concert to induce activated B lymphocytes to grow, switch isotype and ultimately differentiate into antibody producing plasma cells. Both IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. While IL-4 enhances the presentation of antigen by monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, IL-10 inhibits it. IL-4 and IL-10 can either stimulate or inhibit T cell proliferation. While both cytokines may prove useful in the management of inflammatory disorders, IL-4 is presently used in clinical trials that relate to its antitumor effects.
The Effects of Vanadium Substitution on One-dimensional Tunnel Structures of Cryptomelane: Combined TEM and DFT Study (2020)

Lithium-ion batteries play a critical role as portable energy storage systems in modern society. The major components of lithium-ion batteries are the cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte and binder. The central scientific problem of these systems that needs to be addressed is how to scientifically advance the different components to improve the rate capability, reduce cost, increase cycle life and achieve safe operation.
Few-cycle pulse generation by double-stage hybrid multi-pass multi-plate nonlinear pulse compression (2022)

Few-cycle pulses present an essential tool to track ultrafast dynamics in matter and drive strong field effects. To address photon-hungry applications, high average power lasers are used which, however, cannot directly provide sub-100-fs pulse durations. Post-compression of laser pulses by spectral broadening and dispersion compensation is the most efficient method to overcome this limitation. We present a notably compact setup which turns a 0.1-GW peak power, picosecond burst-mode laser into a 2.9-GW peak power, 8.2-fs source. The 120-fold pulse duration shortening is accomplished in a two-stage hybrid multi-pass, multi-plate compression setup. To our knowledge, neither shorter pulses nor higher peak powers have been reported to-date from bulk multi-pass cells alone, manifesting the power of the hybrid approach. It puts, for instance, compact, cost-efficient, and high repetition rate attosecond sources within reach.
Haemoglobin‐vesicles as artificial oxygen carriers: present situation and future visions (2007)

During the long history of development of haemoglobin (Hb)-based O2 carriers (HBOCs), many side effects of Hb molecules have become apparent. They imply the physiological importance of the cellular structure of red blood cells. Hb-vesicles (HbV) are artificial O2 carriers that encapsulate concentrated Hb solution with a thin lipid membrane. We have overcome the intrinsic issues of the suspension of HbV as a molecular assembly, such as stability for storage and in blood circulation, blood compatibility and prompt degradation in the reticuloendothelial system. Animal tests clarified the efficacy of HbV as a transfusion alternative and the possibility for other clinical applications. The results of ongoing HbV research make us confident in advancing further development of HbV, with the expectation of its eventual realization.
Diffusion-Limited Crystallization: A Rationale for the Thermal Stability of Non-Fullerene Solar Cells (2019)

Organic solar cells are thought to suffer from poor thermal stability of the active layer nanostructure, a common belief that is based on the extensive work that has been carried out on fullerene-based systems. We show that a widely studied non-fullerene acceptor, the indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptor ITIC, crystallizes in a profoundly different way as compared to fullerenes. Although fullerenes are frozen below the glass-transition temperature T<sub>g</sub> of the photovoltaic blend, ITIC can undergo a glass-crystal transition considerably below its high T<sub>g</sub> of ∼180 °C. Nanoscopic crystallites of a low-temperature polymorph are able to form through a diffusion-limited crystallization process. The resulting fine-grained nanostructure does not evolve further with time and hence is characterized by a high degree of thermal stability. Instead, above T<sub>g</sub>, the low temperature polymorph melts, and micrometer-sized crystals of a high-temperature polymorph develop, enabled by more rapid diffusion and hence long-range mass transport. This leads to the same detrimental decrease in photovoltaic performance that is known to occur also in the case of fullerene-based blends. Besides explaining the superior thermal stability of non-fullerene blends at relatively high temperatures, our work introduces a new rationale for the design of bulk heterojunctions that is not based on the selection of high- T<sub>g</sub> materials per se but diffusion-limited crystallization. The planar structure of ITIC and potentially other non-fullerene acceptors readily facilitates the desired glass-crystal transition, which constitutes a significant advantage over fullerenes, and may pave the way for truly stable organic solar cells.
Data from EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 Constitute a New Class of Potent and Highly Selective c-Met Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met) receptor, also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), controls morphogenesis, a process that is physiologically required for embryonic development and tissue repair. Aberrant c-Met activation is associated with a variety of human malignancies including cancers of the lung, kidney, stomach, liver, and brain. In this study, we investigated the properties of two novel compounds developed to selectively inhibit the c-Met receptor in antitumor therapeutic interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The pharmacologic properties, c-Met inhibitory activity, and antitumor effects of EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 were investigated &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, using human cancer cell lines and mouse xenograft models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 selectively suppressed the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Their inhibitory activity was potent [inhibitory 50% concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;), 3 nmol/L and 9 nmol/L, respectively] and highly selective, when compared with their effect on a panel of 242 human kinases. Both EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 inhibited c-Met phosphorylation and downstream signaling in a dose-dependent fashion, but differed in the duration of their inhibitory activity. In murine xenograft models, both compounds induced regression of human tumors, regardless of whether c-Met activation was HGF dependent or independent. Both drugs were well tolerated and induced no substantial weight loss after more than 3 weeks of treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our results indicate selective c-Met inhibition by EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 and strongly support clinical testing of these compounds in the context of molecularly targeted anticancer strategies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(11); 2941–51. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Automatic deep heterogeneous quantization of Deep Neural Networks for ultra low-area, low-latency inference on the edge at particle colliders (2020)

While the quest for more accurate solutions is pushing deep learning research towards larger and more complex algorithms, edge devices demand efficient inference i.e. reduction in model size, latency and energy consumption. A technique to limit model size is quantization, i.e. using fewer bits to represent weights and biases. Such an approach usually results in a decline in performance. Here, we introduce a novel method for designing optimally heterogeneously quantized versions of deep neural network models for minimum-energy, high-accuracy, nanosecond inference and fully automated deployment on chip. With a per-layer, per-parameter type automatic quantization procedure, sampling from a wide range of quantizers, model energy consumption and size are minimized while high accuracy is maintained. This is crucial for the event selection procedure in proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, where resources are strictly limited and a latency of ${\mathcal O}(1)~\mu$s is required. Nanosecond inference and a resource consumption reduced by a factor of $50$ when implemented on FPGA hardware is achieved.
Multifunctionnal Top-Coats Strategy for DSA of High-chi Block Copolymers (2021)

International audience
Lumbrokinase Attenuates Side-Stream-Smoke-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Young Hamster Hippocampus: Correlated with eNOS Induction and NFκB/iNOS/COX-2 Signaling Suppression (2013)

Recent studies have found that cigarette smoke is epidemiologically linked to an increased risk for impaired cognitive development in adolescents. This study evaluated the influence of side stream smoke (SSS) exposure on hippocampal apoptosis and of the lumbrokinase (LK) effects on SSS induced apoptosis in young hamster hippocampus. Twenty male hamsters at six weeks of age were randomly divided into control group, SSS group (exposed to tobacco cigarettes smoke at doses of 10 cigarettes for 30 min twice a day for 1 month), and SSS hamsters with LK treatment (1.2 mg/kg, ip) for twice a week for 1 month. TUNEL assay and Western blotting were performed. The TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, as well as Fas-dependent activity and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways, such as Fas, FADD, activated caspase-8, t-Bid, activated caspase-9, and activated caspase-3, were significantly increased in the SSS-exposed hippocampus compared to the control and highly attenuated in the LK treatment group. Additionally, SSS exposure significantly increased the autophagy marker proteins, Beclin-1, ATG7, and LC3-II levels, in the hippocampus compared to those in the control group and obviously attenuated after LK treatment. LK also reduced hippocampus injury by enhancing eNOS expression and remarkably inhibited the proinflammatory NFκB/iNOS/COX-2 signaling activity. We found that the detrimental effects of SSS on the hippocampus are truly mediated by cell apoptosis and autophagy. However, LK reduced the hippocampus apoptosis and autophagy related injuries induced by SSS in a widespread manner. We suggest that LK presents protective effects on hippocampus apoptosis and has therapeutic potential against abnormal hippocampal function.
Architecture Overview for Autonomic Computing (2018)

CONTENTS 5.1 Architecture Overview................................................................................725.1.1 Process Deﬁnition Architecture.....................................................73 5.1.2 Resource Deﬁnition Architecture..................................................74 5.1.3 Technical Reference Architecture .................................................75
Accurate Evaluation of Polynomials (2008)

For a large class of polynomials, the standard method of polynomial evaluation, Horner's method, can be very inaccurate. The alternative method given here is on average 100 to 1000 times more accurate than Horner's Method. The number of floating point operations is twice that of Horner's method for a single evaluation. For repeated evaluations at nearby points, the number of floating point operations is only doubled for the first evaluation, and is the same as Horner's Method for all following evaluations. This new method is tested with random polynomials.
Noninfectious Recombinant Antigen for Detection of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus-Specific Antibodies in Serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2004)

Proper surveillance of virus activity and a timely response to viral outbreaks depend upon the rapid diagnosis of viral infections. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) is a fast, sensitive test routinely used for the diagnosis of the medically important West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis flaviviruses. However, the suckling mouse brain-derived (SMB) antigen used in this assay is tedious to prepare and has a risk of exposing personnel to live virus and hazardous chemicals. We report the development of a St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) noninfectious recombinant antigen that is a safe and easily produced alternative antigen for use in diagnostic assays. The expression plasmid pCB8SJ2, containing the premembrane and envelope structural protein-encoding regions of SLEV, was constructed to express secreted extracellular virus-like particles (VLPs) from CHO cells. Blind-coded human serum panels were assembled from patients having recent SLEV, West Nile virus (WNV), Powassan virus, or La Crosse encephalitis virus infections to assess the sensitivity and specificity of assays with SLEV VLP or SMB antigen. MAC-ELISAs with either antigen had comparable sensitivity for the detection of IgM antibodies against SLEV. Importantly, when these two antigens were tested against a human serum panel from patients having recent WNV or Powassan virus infections, the SLEV VLPs were less likely than SMB antigen to detect flavivirus cross-reactive IgM antibodies. An optimized IgG antibody capture ELISA (GAC-ELISA) with both WNV and SLEV VLPs was developed to circumvent the frequently observed higher background in the antigen-capture IgG-ELISA (ACG-ELISA). For the detection of IgG antibodies against WNV, the GAC-ELISA resulted in a statistically significant higher performance accuracy (P = 0.003) than the ACG-ELISA when the WNV VLP antigen was used in both assays. However, no statistical difference was observed in the assay performance of the GAC-ELISA with SLEV VLP or the ACG-ELISA with SLEV SMB antigen.
Physical Layer Security in Downlink Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks (2014)

In this paper, we study physical layer security for the downlink of cellular networks, where the confidential messages transmitted to each mobile user can be eavesdropped by both (i) the other users in the same cell and (ii) the users in the other cells. The locations of base stations and mobile users are modeled as two independent two-dimensional Poisson point processes. Using the proposed model, we analyze the secrecy rates achievable by regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding by performing a large-system analysis that combines tools from stochastic geometry and random matrix theory. We obtain approximations for the probability of secrecy outage and the mean secrecy rate, and characterize regimes where RCI precoding achieves a nonzero secrecy rate. We find that unlike isolated cells, the secrecy rate in a cellular network does not grow monotonically with the transmit power, and the network tends to be in secrecy outage if the transmit power grows unbounded. Furthermore, we show that there is an optimal value for the base station deployment density that maximizes the secrecy rate, and this value is a decreasing function of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Arylboronic Acids to N-Boc Imines Generated in Situ (2007)

The rhodium-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to N-Boc imines generated in situ from stable and easily prepared alpha-carbamoyl sulfones has been developed. High enantioselectivities are observed for additions of arylboronic acids with a variety of steric and electronic properties.
Tin‐Promoted Aldol Reactions and Their Application to the Total Syntheses of Natural Products (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural and mechanistic insight into N-glycan processing by endo-α-mannosidase (2012)

N-linked glycans play key roles in protein folding, stability, and function. Biosynthetic modification of N-linked glycans, within the endoplasmic reticulum, features sequential trimming and readornment steps. One unusual enzyme, endo-α-mannosidase, cleaves mannoside linkages internally within an N-linked glycan chain, short circuiting the classical N-glycan biosynthetic pathway. Here, using two bacterial orthologs, we present the first structural and mechanistic dissection of endo-α-mannosidase. Structures solved at resolutions 1.7-2.1 Å reveal a (β/α)(8) barrel fold in which the catalytic center is present in a long substrate-binding groove, consistent with cleavage within the N-glycan chain. Enzymatic cleavage of authentic Glc(1/3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) yields Glc(1/3)-Man. Using the bespoke substrate α-Glc-1,3-α-Man fluoride, the enzyme was shown to act with retention of anomeric configuration. Complexes with the established endo-α-mannosidase inhibitor α-Glc-1,3-deoxymannonojirimycin and a newly developed inhibitor, α-Glc-1,3-isofagomine, and with the reducing-end product α-1,2-mannobiose structurally define the -2 to +2 subsites of the enzyme. These structural and mechanistic data provide a foundation upon which to develop new enzyme inhibitors targeting the hijacking of N-glycan synthesis in viral disease and cancer.