gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Higher Energy-Content Jet Blending Components Derived from Ethanol - CRADA 467 (2021)

This project aims to develop a new sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) that comprises favorable properties, such as high energy density, excellent thermal stability, and favorable cold fold properties. Through catalyst development, this work will provide a route to control the cycloalkane/n-alkane/iso alkane content of a next-generation fuel with minimal or no aromatic content. Combining n-alkane and iso-alkane streams (high specific energy, MJ/kg) with cycloalkanes (higher energy density, MJ/L), is expected to enable at least a 4% net increase in combined (specific (MJ/kg) and volumetric (MJ/L)) energy content without impacting ‘drop-in’ fuel requirements, such as seal swelling. PNNL and LanzaTech have already demonstrated a sustainable, non-petroleum, route to isoalkanes. However, economically attractive cycloalkane production from waste and biomass is challenged by large hydrogen requirements, preferential selectivity to aromatic compounds and low yields to jet fuel range components. Many gaps in understanding cycloalkane properties and performance in complex jet fuel mixtures remain. The close tie and integration of Purdue’s fuel property analysis, with PNNL’s process development, can lead to an economically attractive process. The fuel analysis and testing by Purdue will enable a robust understanding of the properties and behavior of the cycloalkanes produced to inform process development. Additionally, seal-swelling analysis will quantify the ability of fuel blends with zero or minimal aromatics content to satisfy the seal swell requirement of O rings. Lastly, Purdue’s system-level analysis will lead to the development of a roadmap for deployment in key regions that considers system pressures such as hydrogen, water, energy efficiency, and ease of infrastructure access.
A phase 1/2 study of intrathecal heparan-N-sulfatase in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (2016)

rhHNS administration via IDDD appeared generally safe and well tolerated. Treatment resulted in consistent declines in CSF heparan sulfate, suggesting in vivo activity in the relevant anatomical compartment. Results of this small study should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are required to assess the potential clinical benefits of rhHNS and to test improved IDDD models.
Introduction (2015)

No AccessThe Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites (Print-on-Demand)Dec 2015IntroductionStephan SprengerStephan SprengerSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906286.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2015Pages: 8-9Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-627-9eISBN: 978-1-56990-628-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Visualization System for Burrowing Organisms in Granular Substrates (2008)

This fluid dynamics video demonstrates the capabilities of an experimental setup to visualize organisms burrowing in granular substrates. The setup consists of a tank filled with 1mm soda-lime glass beads, backlit by halogen lights. The walls can be moved such that the space bound by them can expand or contract to fit various organisms. A recirculation system oxygenates and cools the salt water that flows through the substrate. The video shows the burrowing behavior of a razor clam (Ensis directus) and a quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). Both animals inflate their foot with blood, making the foot a terminal anchor against which they pull their shell downwards. Deformation of the granular substrate can be seen around the animals as they advance downwards.
Red Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with 29 % External Quantum Efficiency Using Doped Charge Transport Layers and Optical Simulation (2010)

We present highly efficient red top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency of 28.6 % at 1000 cd/m2. This high efficiency is obtained by electrical and optical optimization of the phosphorescent pin-structure.
Fully parallel single and two-stage associative memories for high speed pattern matching (2008)

A hardware realization of single and two-stage fully parallel associative memories for high speed reliable pattern matching is proposed. We have designed, fabricated and tested the single stage associative memory test chip designed in 0.35 mum two-poly, three-metal CMOS technology which gives very high speed pattern matching performance. But in some applications single stage search or single winner search makes the system less reliable. To increase the reliability of pattern matching system, we have also introduced a cascaded fully parallel associative memory with two-stage winner search. In two-stage pattern matching architecture we have used two different types of associative memories. One is based on the k-nearest-matches search and other one is a special type of associative memory in which winner search is done only among the activated reference patterns. The activation in the second associative memory is done by first associative memory after searching the k-nearest-matches. We have already designed, fabricated and tested the associative memories separately. The complete two-stage pattern matching system is tested here with MATLAB software and hardware realization is currently under the design process.
HA stabilization promotes replication and transmission of swine H1N1 gamma influenza viruses in ferrets (2020)

Pandemic influenza A viruses can emerge from swine, an intermediate host that supports adaptation of human-preferred receptor-binding specificity by the hemagglutinin (HA) surface antigen. Other HA traits necessary for pandemic potential are poorly understood. For swine influenza viruses isolated in 2009-2016, gamma-clade viruses had less stable HA proteins (activation pH 5.5-5.9) than pandemic clade (pH 5.0-5.5). Gamma-clade viruses replicated to higher levels in mammalian cells than pandemic clade. In ferrets, a model for human adaptation, a relatively stable HA protein (pH 5.5-5.6) was necessary for efficient replication and airborne transmission. The overall airborne transmission frequency in ferrets for four isolates tested was 42%, and isolate G15 airborne transmitted 100% after selection of a variant with a stabilized HA. The results suggest swine influenza viruses containing both a stabilized HA and alpha-2,6 receptor binding in tandem pose greater pandemic risk. Increasing evidence supports adding HA stability to pre-pandemic risk assessment algorithms.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 397 to 410 (2014)

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Chromium Bio-Immobilization at the Hanford 100H Site: Geochemical Response to Slow Release Electron Donor (2004)

Author(s): Hazen, Terry C.; Faybishenko, Boris; Brodie, Eoin; Joyner, Dominique; Borglin, Sharon; Hanlon, Jeremy; Conrad, Mark; Tokunaga, Tetsu; Wan, Jiamin; Hubbard, Susan; Williams, Ken; Peterson, John; Firestone, Mary; Andersen, Gary; DeSantis, Todd; Long, Philip E.; Newcomer, Darrell R.; Willet, Anna; Koenigsberg, Stephen
Bandgap and temperature dependence of Auger recombination in InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices (2016)

A time- and temperature-dependent differential-transmission technique is used to study the bandgap dependence of Auger recombination in Ga-free InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs). The bandgap energies are varied between 290 meV (4.3 μm) and 135 meV (9.2 μm) by engineering the layer thickness and alloy Sb concentration. A long-wave infrared structure with 135 meV bandgap energy is found to have an Auger coefficient of 9 × 10−26 cm6/s at 77 K. The measured Auger coefficients increase with decreasing bandgap from approximately 3 × 10−27 cm6/s for mid-wave infrared bandgaps to 2 × 10−25 cm6/s for long-wave infrared bandgaps at 77 K. The measured T2SL Auger coefficients are compared to predicted Auger coefficients for HgCdTe.
A phrase-based, joint probability model for statistical machine translation (2002)

We present a joint probability model for statistical machine translation, which automatically learns word and phrase equivalents from bilingual corpora. Translations produced with parameters estimated using the joint model are more accurate than translations produced using IBM Model 4.
Solvent effect on the production of spherical lignin nanoparticles (2022)

Ripple effects of solvent on the extracted lignin oligomers and generated LNPs.
FLOWER - Fuzzy Lower-than-Best-Effort transport protocol (2015)

We present a new delay-based transport protocol named FLOWER, that aims at providing a Lower-than-Best-Effort (LBE) service. The objective is to propose an alternative to the Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) widely deployed within the official BitTorrent client. Indeed, besides its intra-fairness problem, known as latecomer unfairness, LEDBAT can be too aggressive against TCP, making it ill suited for providing LBE services over certain networks such as constrained wireless networks. By using a fuzzy controller to modulate the sending rate, FLOWER aims to solve LEDBAT issues while fulfilling the role of a LBE protocol. Our simulation results show that FLOWER can carry LBE traffic in network scenarios where LEDBAT cannot while solving the latecomer unfairness problem. Finally, the presented algorithm is simple to implement and does not require complex computation that would prevent its deployment.
Architecture of a Fault-Tolerant Information-Sensor Network of High-Speed Rotary-Wing Aircraft (2022)

The architecture of a fault-tolerant information-measuring network of high-speed rotary-wing aircraft is considered. The features of the implementation of the information collection loop based on optical systems are presented. The principles of integration of the optical sensor network with the onboard information network of high-speed rotary-wing aircraft are formulated. The architecture of the interrogator of fiber-optic sensors is proposed, which makes it possible to integrate the sensor network into the complex of on-board equipment of an aircraft.
Expression and localization of claudins-3 and -12 in transformed human brain endothelium (2012)

The aim of this study was to characterize the hCMEC/D3 cell line, an in vitro model of the human Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) for the expression of brain endothelial specific claudins-3 and -12. hCMEC/D3 cells express claudins-3 and -12. Claudin-3 is distinctly localized to the TJ whereas claudin -12 is observed in the perinuclear region and completely absent from TJs. We show that the expression of both proteins is lost in cell passage numbers where the BBB properties are no longer fully conserved. Expression and localization of claudin-3 is not modulated by simvastatin shown to improve barrier function in vitro and also recommended for routine hCMEC/D3 culture. These results support conservation of claudin-3 and -12 expression in the hCMEC/D3 cell line and make claudin-3 a potential marker for BBB characteristics in vitro.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Regulation of Synaptic Transmission in the Hippocampus Requires MAPK Signaling and Kv4.2 Potassium Channel Activity (2021)

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a paracrine factor generated peripherally by the gonads to regulate gonadal function in adult mammals. We recently reported that AMH and AMH-specific receptor Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) are expressed in the hippocampus, and exogenous AMH protein rapidly increased synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity at the CA3-CA1 synapses. Here we examined the cell-specific expression of AMHR2 and the cellular mechanism of rapid boosting effect of AMH on synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampus. Immunofluorescence staining showed that AMHR2 was specifically expressed in the soma and dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, but not glial cells. Electrophysiological recordings on acute hippocampal slices showed that AMH did not affect AMPAR-mediated or N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents at the CA3-CA1 synapses. The small-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channel (SK2) and A-type K<sup>+</sup> channel (Kv4.2) contribute to shaping excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the CA3-CA1 synapses. Bath application of apamin to block SK2 did not alter AMH effect on increasing EPSPs, whereas blocking Kv4.2 channel with 4-aminopyridine, or chelating internal Ca<sup>2+</sup> with BAPTA occluded the action of AMH on boosting EPSPs. Kv4.2 activity is regulated by p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK). Blocking p38 MAPK with SB203580 occluded the effect of AMH on increasing EPSPs. These results show that Kv4.2 channel contributes to the rapid action of AMH on boosting synaptic transmission in a Ca<sup>2+</sup>- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Our findings provide functional evidence that AMH enhances synaptic transmission through Kv4.2 channel in the hippocampus, suggesting a possible role of Kv4.2 channel in AMH-regulated neuronal process underlying learning and memory.
Highly Enhanced Electron-Injection Efficiency in GaAs-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Using a Fe/GaOxTunnel Injector (2009)

We fabricated GaAs-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with three types of electron emitters, i.e., Fe/GaOx, Fe/MgO, and Fe/n+-AlGaAs. The electroluminescence (EL) intensity from the LED with the GaOx layer was much higher than that from the MgO layer and comparable to a conventional LED with an n+-AlGaAs Schottky contact. This indicates that GaOx is an effective tunnel-barrier material for injecting electrons from 3d-ferromagnetic metal into GaAs-based semiconductors, which is the key to developing semiconductor spintronic devices.
A Novel Track Structure of Double-Sided Linear PM Synchronous Motor for Low Cost and High Force Density Applications (2020)

Conventional coreless linear permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous motors have been used commonly in various applications in industry. In this article, coreless double-sided PM linear motor design alternatives are proposed with a novel track structure with less magnets. A linear motor design with conventional coreless PM linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is provided as a benchmark. Detailed 3-D finite-element analysis simulations for the proposed new track structures are presented with conventional linear motor design data. A thorough performance comparison is also presented. A prototype motor of a promising track design is built and tested. It is shown that the design data and test results are in good agreement, and the proposed alternative track design could be a decent low cost and relatively high force density solution for some applications.
Elimination of therapeutic ultrasound noise from pre-beamformed RF data in ultrasound imaging for ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment (2015)

In conventional ultrasonic monitoring of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, a significant interval between consecutive HIFU shots is set for monitoring target tissue to avoid the interference of HIFU noise with RF echo signals. Thus, it is difficult to detect changes in tissue on the order of milliseconds, which are required to dynamically control the HIFU exposure. In this study, a new filtering method to eliminate the HIFU noise in the RF signals before beamforming is proposed. The CW response was estimated from RF signals with no pulse response to the imaging exposure, and the estimated CW response was subtracted from the entire RF signal to selectively eliminate the HIFU noise for each channel of the array probe before dynamic focusing was applied. The HIFU noise was selectively eliminated by this method when it existed. The results imply that the proposed filtering method is useful for true real-time detection of changes in tissue due to thermal coagulation during HIFU exposure.
Relativistic few-cycle pulses with high contrast from picosecond-pumped OPCPA (2018)

For experiments in plasma, nuclear, and high-energy physics, there is a strong demand for laser pulses exhibiting relativistic intensity, few-cycle pulse duration, and a very high contrast. Here we present a picosecond-pumped optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system delivering pulses at 10 Hz repetition rate with the following key parameters: a compressed pulse duration of less than 7 fs (close to the Fourier limit), a contrast of better than 10(11) starting from 1 ps before the main pulse, and a peak intensity of 6.9 x 10(19) W/cm(2) achieved with an off-axis parabolic mirror (f/1.6). In a proof-of-principle experiment, these pulses were used to generate high harmonics from solid surfaces with photon energies exceeding 55 eV. These results underline the promising perspectives of the reported system for relativistic light-matter interaction experiments and attosecond science.
Direct Dual‐Template Synthesis of MWW Zeolite Monolayers (2015)

A two-dimensional zeolite with the topology of MWW sheets has been obtained by direct synthesis with a combination of two organic structure-directing agents. The resultant material consists of approximately 70% single and double layers and displays a well-structured external surface area of about 300 m(2) g(-1). The delaminated zeolite prepared by means of this single-step synthetic route has a high delamination degree, and the structural integrity of the MWW layers is well preserved. The new zeolite material displayed excellent activity, selectivity, and stability when used as a catalyst for the alkylation of benzene with propylene and found to be superior to the catalysts that are currently used for producing cumene.
A Mid-Term Harmonized Concept for Airport Surface Operations (2013)

The fungal pathogens Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum cause severe corneal disease in the United States and worldwide and were the causative organisms in a recent outbreak of contact lens-associated keratitis. To characterize innate immunity in Fusarium keratitis, we developed a murine model in which conidia are injected into the corneal stroma. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice rapidly developed severe corneal opacification associated with neutrophil infiltration and clearance of Fusarium hyphae. In contrast, neutrophil infiltration was delayed in MyD88-/- mice, resulting in uncontrolled growth of Fusarium hyphae in the corneal stroma and anterior chamber, and eventually resulting in corneal perforation. Corneal opacification scores in TLR2-/-, TLR4-/-, and TLR2/4-/- mice were similar to those of C57BL/6 mice; however, TLR4-/- and TLR2/4-/- mice had impaired antifungal responses. The phenotype of infected IL-1R1-/- mice was similar to that of MyD88-/- mice, with uncontrolled fungal growth resulting in corneal perforation. IL-1R1-/- mice also produced significantly less CXCL1/KC in the corneal stroma compared with C57BL/6 mice consistent with delayed neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma. Together, these findings indicate that IL-1R1 and MyD88 regulate CXC chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment to the cornea, and that TLR4 has an important role in controlling growth and replication of these pathogenic fungi.
A virus-like particle vaccine prevents equine encephalitis virus infection in nonhuman primates (2019)

Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV, EEEV, and VEEV, respectively) are important mosquito-borne agents that pose public health and bioterrorism threats. Despite considerable advances in understanding alphavirus replication, there are currently no available effective vaccines or antiviral treatments against these highly lethal pathogens. To develop a potential countermeasure for viral encephalitis, we generated a trivalent, or three-component, EEV vaccine composed of virus-like particles (VLPs). Monovalent VLPs elicited neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) against homologous challenges, but they were not cross-protective. In contrast, NHPs immunized with trivalent VLPs were completely protected against aerosol challenge by each of these three EEVs. Passive transfer of IgG from immunized NHPs protected mice against aerosolized EEV challenge, demonstrating that the mechanism of protection was humoral. Because they are replication incompetent, these trivalent VLPs represent a potentially safe and effective vaccine that can protect against diverse encephalitis viruses.
Is Structural Precision of Platonic Micelles Controlled Solely by Close-Packed Head Groups or Also by Hydrophobic Tail Packing? A DFT Exploration (2023)

Platonic micelles have been defined as structurally precise amphiphilic aggregates with discrete aggregation numbers corresponding to the close packing of spherical caps (representing head groups) on a sphere (representing hydrophobic core), analogous to the Tammes problem in geometry. Here, we use DFT to explore how an actual molecule behaves compared to the idealized picture based on the Tammes problem by also considering the packing of the tails. We modeled micelles of aggregation numbers 4 to 8 generated from the calix[4]arene amphiphile, PACaL3, with the tails forming a close-packed configuration while the headgroups are arranged as in Platonic solids. The DFT calculations reveal that tail packing overwhelmingly influences the equilibrium aggregation number. While the DFT prediction of a PACaL3 micelle of aggregation number 6 agrees with the scattering experiments of the Sakurai group, DFT calculations also suggest small concentrations of micelles of aggregation number 7. More interestingly, DFT calculations reveal that PACaL3 micelle formation occurs even though less than 20% of the hydrophobic tail surface is removed from contact with water, in contrast to the roughly 80% removal observed for classical surfactant micelles. While the close-packed head groups model predicts higher coverage of the hydrophobic surface for aggregation numbers 4 and 6 compared to 5 and 7, the DFT calculations also accounting for tail packing show that the surface coverage for aggregation numbers 5 and 7 is practically no different than that for aggregation number 4. Finally, although both the close-packed head groups model and the DFT calculations agree that the exposed hydrophobic surface area controls the equilibrium micelle aggregation number, the DFT calculations demonstrate how this exposed hydrophobic area is overwhelmingly determined by the tail group packing and not just by the close packing of head groups.
Actionable Email Intent Modeling with Reparametrized RNNs (2017)

Emails in the workplace are often intentional calls to action for its recipients. We propose to annotate these emails for what action its recipient will take. We argue that our approach of action-based annotation is more scalable and theory-agnostic than traditional speech-act-based email intent annotation, while still carrying important semantic and pragmatic information. We show that our action-based annotation scheme achieves good inter-annotator agreement. We also show that we can leverage threaded messages from other domains, which exhibit comparable intents in their conversation, with domain adaptive RAINBOW (Recurrently AttentIve Neural Bag-Of-Words). On a collection of datasets consisting of IRC, Reddit, and email, our reparametrized RNNs outperform common multitask/multidomain approaches on several speech act related tasks. We also experiment with a minimally supervised scenario of email recipient action classification, and find the reparametrized RNNs learn a useful representation.