gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Electronics: Key-Enabling Technology for Grid Integration of Wind Power (2008)

The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is an urgent demand to increase the power capacity. It is expected that the power capacity has to be doubled within 20 years. The production, distribution and use of energy should be as efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should also be set up. Deregulation of energy has in the past lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources will be high in the near future. Two major technologies will play important roles to solve the future problems. One is to change the electrical power production sources from the conventional, fossil (and short term) based energy sources to renewable energy resources. The other is to use high efficient power electronics in power generation, power transmission/distribution and end-user application. This paper discuss the most emerging renewable energy sources, wind energy, which by means of power electronics are changing from being a minor energy source to be acting as an important power source in the energy system. Power electronics is the enabling technology and the presentation will cover the development in wind turbine technology from kW to MW, discuss which power electronic solutions are most feasible and used today.
Fast Inverse Halftoning (2010)

Printers use halftoning to render printed pages. This process is useful for many printing technologies which are binary in nature, as it allows the printer to deposit the ink as series of dots of constant darkness. Indeed, many of printing pipelines are based on this 1-bit framework; this unfortunately raises a critical problem when image processing operations that require the original 8-bit image must be performed. In this situation, what is required is the reconstruction of the 8-bit image from its halftoned version, a process referred to as &amp;quot;inverse halftoning&amp;quot;. In this paper, we present a technique for fast inverse halftoning which given a dithered image together with the dithering mask that created it, approximates the original 8-bit image. The technique is elegant, and allows for generalizations to other inverse problems in which the exact details of the forward process are known. The algorithm is light computationally, and has been tested in practice. Results are shown, demonstrating the algorithm’s promise.
Novel Texture Etch Chemistry for Transparent Conducting Oxides Used in Photovoltaic Cells (2012)

In thin film photovoltaic silicon stacks, the sun facing contact needs to be transparent and textured. Typically transparent metal oxides are used for this purpose. When using sputtered ZnO as the transparent conducting contact typically an acid etch is used to texture etch the surface. This texturing enables light trapping in the cell and greatly enhances the photoresponse. Traditionally dilute HCl has been used for this purpose. In this paper we present the work on a novel etchant for this purpose consisting of HNO 3 and Acetic Acid. This greatly enhances the texturing and hence the light trapping in the cell.
Electroluminescence from Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (2009)

We demonstrate near-infrared electroluminescence from ambipolar, electrolyte-gated arrays of highly aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Using electrolytes instead of traditional oxide dielectrics in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (FET) facilitates injection and accumulation of high densities of holes and electrons at very low gate voltages with minimal current hysteresis. We observe numerous emission spots, each corresponding to individual nanotubes in the array. The positions of these spots indicate the meeting point of the electron and hole accumulation zones determined by the applied gate and source−drain voltages. The movement of emission spots with gate voltage yields information about relative band gaps, contact resistance, defects, and interaction between carbon nanotubes within the array. Introducing thin layers of HfO2 and TiO2 provides a means to modify exciton screening without fundamentally changing the current−voltage characteristics or electroluminescence yield of these devices.
Wild-type but not mutant APC associates with the microtubule cytoskeleton. (1994)

The adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis patients as well as in sporadic colorectal tumors. In an attempt to further understand the function of APC, the subcellular localization of APC was examined. Wild-type and mutant forms of APC were expressed in mammalian cells and protein detected by immunofluorescence using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Staining of wildtype APC protein revealed a filamentous network which extended throughout the cytoplasm and colocalized with microtubules. In striking contrast, mutant APC protein gave a diffuse cytoplasmic staining pattern. Treatment with a microtubule depolymerizing agent, nocodazole, caused APC as well as tubulin to become diffusely cytoplasmic. In addition, immunoperoxidase staining of transfected APC protein followed by transmission electron microscopy revealed staining of microtubules. These results suggest that wild-type but not mutant APC protein may be associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton.
DeepVI: A Novel Framework for Learning Deep View-Invariant Human Action Representations using a Single RGB Camera (2020)

In this paper, we address the problem of cross-view action recognition from a monocular RGB camera. This topic has been considered extremely challenging due to the lack of 3D information in 2D images. Exploiting the advances in 3D pose estimation from a single RGB camera, we propose a new framework termed DeepVI, for cross-view action recognition without the need for pose alignment. Virtual viewpoints are used to augment the variability of training data along with the use of an end-to-end Deep Neural Network (DNN). The proposed network is composed of two modules. The first one, called SmoothNet, implicitly smooths skeleton joint trajectories using revisited temporal convolution in order to reduce the noise in the estimated 3D skeletons. The second module consists of a state-of-the-art approach designed for action recognition based on Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ST-GCN [40]). Experiments have been conducted in cross-view settings on two datasets, namely, NTU RGB-D and Northwestern-UCLA. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Catalytic ring expansion, contraction, and metathesis-polymerization of cycloalkanes (2007)

Tandem dehydrogenation–olefin-metathesis catalyst systems, comprising a pincer-ligated iridium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst and a molybdenum-based olefin-metathesis catalyst, are reported to effect the metathesis-cyclooligomerization of cyclooctane and cyclodecane to give cycloalkanes with various carbon numbers, predominantly multiples of the substrate carbon number, and polymers.
An Automatic Lexicon Collection Method Using Wisdom of Crowds for Speech Interfaces of Vehicle Information Services (2012)

The authors are currently developing a speech interface that enables users to obtain information without the need to look or touch the display of mobile terminals such as smartphones. The proposed interface uses speech recognition and synthesis technology, and has potential applications in vehicle information services. To accurately read aloud texts and correctly recognize users' speech, the authors developed a function that automatically collects current terms and proper nouns based on wisdom of crowds in the Internet. More specifically, it is a function that automatically extracts orthography and description of Japanese syllabary characters (furigana) for each of the words in Wikipedia, estimates part-of-speech information, and registers them into a word dictionary of the system. The accuracy with which text was read was improved by a morphological analysis using the word dictionary collected by this function, together with a basic word dictionary prepared beforehand. In a reading accuracy evaluation, misreading decreased by about 40% in texts such as news sites and sightseeing information, which are frequently used in vehicle information services.
A novel mechanism design for gravity compensation in three dimensional space (2004)

In this paper, we propose a passive gravity compensation mechanism named "mechanical gravity canceller". The effectiveness of the MGC mechanism is evaluated by analyzing several articulated robot manipulators from the aspects of kinematics and dynamics.
Microfluidic image cytometry for quantitative single-cell profiling of human pluripotent stem cells in chemically defined conditions (2010)

Microfluidic image cytometry (MIC) has been developed to study phenotypes of various hPSC lines by screening several chemically defined serum/feeder-free conditions. A chemically defined hPSC culture was established using 20 ng mL(-1) of bFGF on 20 microg mL(-1) of Matrigel to grow hPSCs over a week in an undifferentiated state. Following hPSC culture, we conducted quantitative MIC to perform a single cell profiling of simultaneously detected protein expression (OCT4 and SSEA1). Using clustering analysis, we were able to systematically compare the characteristics of various hPSC lines in different conditions.
Hospital- and patient-related characteristics determining maternity length of stay: a hierarchical linear model approach. (1998)

Developing risk-adjusted models for length of stay is a complex process but is essential for understanding variation. The hierarchical linear model approach described here represents a more efficient and appropriate way of studying interhospital variations than the traditional regression approach.
Room temperature negative differential resistance characteristics of polar III-nitride resonant tunneling diodes (2010)

III-nitride resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), consisting Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN double-barrier (DB) active layers, were grown on c-plane lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) GaN/sapphire and c-plane freestanding (FS) GaN. RTDs on both templates, fabricated into mesa diameters ranging from 5 to 35 μm, showed negative differential resistance (NDR) at room temperature. NDR characteristics (voltage and current density at NDR onset and current-peak-to-valley ratio) were analyzed and reported as a function of device size and substrate choice. Our results show that LEO RTDs perform as well as FS ones and DB active layer design and quality have been the bottlenecks in III-nitride RTDs.
Performance Comparison between Electrical and OpticalBackplanes (2013)

Comparison between performance of copper interconnections and fiber optics backplane is shown also by simulations to demonstrate their limitations in frequency and capabilities in terms of capacity, power budget and consumption.
Erratum: Spin Transport in Nondegenerate Si with a Spin MOSFET Structure at Room Temperature [Phys. Rev. Appl. 2, 034005 (2014)] (2018)

The authors identified an insufficient description in the caption of Fig. 3(a)]. The detailed procedure is as follows: The background signal was defined as a signal that was independent of magnetization alignments, i.e., parallel and antiparallel. The background signal V BG B was calculated to be V P B V AP B=2, where V P B and V AP B are Hanle spin signals under parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations, under the assumption that the background signal is unchanged.
Biomaterials direct functional B cell response in a material specific manner (2021)

Abstract B cells are an adaptive immune target of biomaterials development in vaccine research but despite their role in wound healing have not been studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We evaluated the B cell response to biomaterial scaffold materials implanted in a muscle wound; a biological extracellular matrix (ECM) and synthetic polyester polycaprolactone. In the local muscle tissue, small numbers of B cells are recruited in response to tissue injury and biomaterial implantation. ECM materials induced plasmablasts in lymph nodes and antigen presentation in the spleen while the synthetic PCL implants delayed B cell migration and induced an antigen presenting phenotype. In muMt − mice lacking B cells, the fibrotic response to the synthetic biomaterials decreased. Immunofluorescence confirmed antigen presenting B cells in fibrotic tissue surrounding silicone breast implants. In sum, the adaptive B cell immune response to biomaterial depends on composition and induces local, regional and systemic immunological changes.
The role of P-glycoprotein in drug resistance in multiple myeloma (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplastic cancer of the plasma cells that involves the bone marrow. The majority of patients with MM initially respond to chemotherapy, but they eventually become resistant to later drug therapy. One of the reasons for drug resistance in patients with MM is efflux transporters. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most studied of the multidrug resistance proteins, and is up-regulated in response to many chemotherapeutic drugs. This up-regulation of P-gp causes a decrease in the intracellular accumulation of these drugs, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we focus on the role of P-gp in drugs used for patients with MM. P-gp has been found to be an important factor with regard to drug resistance in many of the drug classes used in the treatment of MM (proteasome inhibitors, anthracyclines, alkylating agents and immunomodulators are examples). Thus, our further understanding of its mechanism and inhibitory effects will help us decrease drug resistance in patients with MM.
Testing CMOS circuits at 50ps resolution with single-photon avalanche detectors (2000)

A non-invasive characterization of a fast CMOS ring oscillator is reported. The optoelectronic technique exploits infrared emission from hot-carriers in high-field regions of switching transistors. By means of a fast solid-state single-photon detector (Single Photon Avalanche Detector SPAD), high time resolution and sensitivity are obtained. Experimental data with 50ps resolution enable to measure systematic variations of the period and jitter of switching transitions due to phase noise in a ring oscillator. The luminescence of pchannel MOSFET’s, previously reported to be barely detectable, is also measured.
Beauveria bassiana, a dual purpose biocontrol organism, with activity against insect pests and plant pathogens. (2004)

Microbial control of plant pathogens and insect pests is an important component of efforts to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and increase sustainability of agriculture. Although the number of registered microbial products has increased in recent years, many potential biopesticides have either not been developed for commercial use, or have had limited success, due to their pathogen or pest specificity, inconsistent performance across environments, or a lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) of biocontrol, resulting in ineffective use. Beauveria bassiana is a commercially available entomopathogenic fungus with an extensive host range of insect pests. Isolates of this fungus have been shown to be endophytic in specific crop plants, and in some cases, endophytic colonization has been linked to the ability ofthe fungus to control insect pests. With few exceptions, research on B. bassiana as a potential biological control for plant pathogens has been limited to in vitro studies on growth inhibition and cell lysis of plant pathogens. The potential of B. bassiana to control important plant pathogens in situ remains largely unknown. We have evidence that B. bassiana 11-98, originally isolated from an infected click beetle in Scott County, Tennessee, U.S.A., can control damping-off of tomato, caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, and can provide protection to cotton against a seedling disease complex in field soils. Furthermore, seed treatment with B. bassiana isolate 11-98 has resulted in endophytic colonization of tomato seedlings in a gnotobiotic system. The mechanism(s) of biocontrol by B. bassiana against plant pathogens, and whether or not endophytic colonization is a critical component of biocontrol are currently being investigated. Development of biopesticides that can control both plant pathogens and insect pests will have enormous value for plant protection in U.S. agriculture. Such biopesticidal organisms would be similar to wide spectrum pesticides with their potential for a significant reduction in pest management costs. However, unlike most chemical products, which have activity only against insects or plant pathogens, these biocontrol agents would have activity against both. Furthermore, disease and pest control with microbial agents offer the environmental advantages associated with biological control.
Clinical experience with a tiered-therapy, multiprogrammable antiarrhythmia device. (1992)

These findings indicate that a multiprogrammable antiarrhythmia device can provide a substantial advance in the treatment of patients with disabling or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias by minimizing the use of painful shocks, reducing the need for antiarrhythmic drugs, lowering the incidence of inappropriate shocks, facilitating electrophysiological evaluation, and obviating the need for dual-device therapy.
Respiratory Motion-Resolved Compressed Sensing Reconstruction of Free-Breathing Radial Acquisition for Dynamic Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2015)

Free-breathing motion-resolved XD-GRASP reconstructions provide diagnostic high-quality multiphase images in patients undergoing Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver examination.
A 3–9 GHz UWB High-Gain Conformal End-Fire Vivaldi Antenna Array (2021)

A novel conformal Vivaldi antenna array with two elements is designed to achieve 3–9 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) high-gain end-fire radiation. By employing a flexible printed circuit and two Vivaldi antenna elements, this conformal antenna array has a wide bandwidth and low cross-polarization levels. In addition, a feeding network provides a co-phase equal amplitude excitation of the array to create the required high-gain end-fire radiation within the operating band. Simulated reflection coefficient illustrates that an impedance bandwidth of 102.5 % is obtained from 3.06 GHz to 9.5 GHz with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\vert \mathbf{S}_{11}\vert &lt; \boldsymbol{-10}$</tex> dB. Within the operating band, the range of realized gain is 8.81-15.18 dBi, and stable end-fire radiation patterns are maintained.
Mineralization of biphenyl and PCBs by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1992)

Abstract The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is unique in its ability to totally degrade a wide variety of recalcitrant pollutants. We have investigated the degradation of biphenyl and two model chlorinated biphenyls, 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2‐chlorobiphenyl by suspended cultures of P. chrysosporium grown under conditions that maximize the synthesis of lignin‐oxidizing enzymes. Radiolabeled biphenyl and 2′‐chlorobiphenyl added to cultures at concentrations in the range 260 n M to 8.8 μ M were degraded extensively to CO 2 within 30 days. In addition, from 40% to 60% of the recovered radioactivity was found in water‐soluble compounds. A correlation between the rate of degradation and the synthesis of ligninases or Mn‐dependent peroxidases could not be observed, indicating that yet unknown enzymatic system may be resonsible for the initial oxidation of PCBs. The more heavily chlorinated PCB congener, 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl was converted to CO 2 less readily; approximately 9% and 0.9% mineralization was observed in cultures incubated with 40 n M and 5.3 μ M , respectively. Overall, our results indicate that P. chrysosporium is a promising organism for the treatment of wastes contaminatd with lightly and moderately chlorinated PCBs. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Empirical Comparison of Tropical Maize Hybrids Selected Through Genomic and Phenotypic Selections (2019)

Genomic selection predicts the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of individuals not previously phenotyped. Several studies have investigated the accuracy of genomic predictions in maize but there is little empirical evidence on the practical performance of lines selected based on phenotype in comparison with those selected solely on GEBVs in advanced testcross yield trials. The main objectives of this study were to (1) empirically compare the performance of tropical maize hybrids selected through phenotypic selection (PS) and genomic selection (GS) under well-watered (WW) and managed drought stress (WS) conditions in Kenya, and (2) compare the cost-benefit analysis of GS and PS. For this study, we used two experimental maize data sets (stage I and stage II yield trials). The stage I data set consisted of 1492 doubled haploid (DH) lines genotyped with rAmpSeq SNPs. A subset of these lines (855) representing various DH populations within the stage I cohort was crossed with an individual single-cross tester chosen to complement each population. These testcross hybrids were evaluated in replicated trials under WW and WS conditions for grain yield and other agronomic traits, while the remaining 637 DH lines were predicted using the 855 lines as a training set. The second data set (stage II) consists of 348 DH lines from the first data set. Among these 348 best DH lines, 172 lines selected were solely based on GEBVs, and 176 lines were selected based on phenotypic performance. Each of the 348 DH lines were crossed with three common testers from complementary heterotic groups, and the resulting 1042 testcross hybrids and six commercial checks were evaluated in four to five WW locations and one WS condition in Kenya. For stage I trials, the cross-validated prediction accuracy for grain yield was 0.67 and 0.65 under WW and WS conditions, respectively. We found similar responses to selection using PS and GS for grain yield other agronomic traits under WW and WS conditions. The top 15% of hybrids advanced through GS and PS gave 21%-23% higher grain yield under WW and 51%-52% more grain yield under WS than the mean of the checks. The GS reduced the cost by 32% over the PS with similar selection gains. We concluded that the use of GS for yield under WW and WS conditions in maize can produce selection candidates with similar performance as those generated from conventional PS, but at a lower cost, and therefore, should be incorporated into maize breeding pipelines to increase breeding program efficiency.
Chlorothiophenecarboxamides as P1 Surrogates of Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal droop in high-quality InGaN LEDs (2019)

Thermal droop is investigated in high-quality InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To determine whether it is caused by intrinsic variations in recombination or by transport effects, photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements are compared. The former does not show signs of pronounced thermal droop, with a near-constant internal quantum efficiency and recombination lifetime, regardless of temperature. In contrast, strong thermal droop is observed in the latter, pointing to transport effects as a leading contributor. Finally, high-efficiency LEDs with near-ideal thermal droop are demonstrated.