gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Effects: Nonmonotonic Responses for the Toxicity of a Bacillus thuringiensis Biocide to Daphnia magna (2016)

Currently, there is a trend toward an increasing use of biopesticides assumed to be environmentally friendly, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Studies of the Bt toxicity to nontarget organisms have reported low effects at high exposure levels, which is interpreted as indicating negligible risk to nontarget organisms. We investigated the response of the nontarget organism Daphnia magna to waterborne DiPel ES, a globally used Bt formulation. Neonates and adults were exposed for 48 h to a wide range of concentrations, and immobilization and mortality were monitored. Whole body biomarkers (body weight, protein, chitobiase, catalase, xenobiotic metabolism, and acetylcholinesterase) were measured in the adults. The immobilization and mortality of the neonates were affected in a nonmonotonic and inverted U-shaped pattern with EC<sub>50</sub>s that were ∼10<sup>5</sup>-fold lower than those reported by the manufacturer. The immobilization of adults demonstrated a similar pattern, but significant mortality was not observed. The biomarker results revealed multiphasic dose-response curves, which suggested toxicity mechanisms that affected various physiological pathways. The main particle size in exposure media was in the size range of bacterial spores and crystal toxins. However, the chemical heterogeneity was nonmonotonic, with a change in the phase at the maximum of toxicity (∼5 μL L<sup>-1</sup>), which might explain the observed nonmonotonic effects. These results demonstrate the vulnerability of a nontarget organism to a biopesticide that is considered to be safe, while challenging the universal applicability of the central ecotoxicological assumption of monotonicity.
Model-based hardware design based on compatible sets of isomorphic subgraphs (2017)

Hardware applications in an industrial context often have tight area, latency and throughput requirements or a specific combination thereof. This paper presents a method to improve area and throughput figures for folded circuits generated during a model-based hardware design process. The method targets FPGA implementations and is based on the automatic combination of isomorphic subgraphs and the detailed consideration of pipelined primitive operations for folding core scheduling. In the course of a design space exploration, the user is provided with fine-grain control over the area/throughput trade-off.
3-Hydroquinolylquinolines and Bisquinolyl-annelated Oxepin as Unexpected Products from the Reaction of p-Benzoquinone and N-Acetyl-1,4-dihydroquinolines (2003)

4-Substituted N-acyl-1,4-dihydroquinolines (1a, b) have been yielded by regioselective 4-arylation/alkylation via quinolinium intermediates.Acidcatalysed reaction of 1a, b with p-benzoquinone leads to unexpected 3hydroquinolylquinolines (5a, b).The structure of compounds (5a, b) has been confirmed by spectroscopical data and additionally by formation of both O-acetyl derivatives (7a, b).Bisquinolyl-annelated oxepin (9a) was found as side product.Formation and stereochemistry of the spectroscopically characterized compound (9a) are discussed.We recently reported the regioselective formation of 3-acyl-and 4-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds. 1Tetrahydro-1-aza-9-oxafluorenes have been characterized as given reaction products with p-benzoquinone, whereas pyridine oxidation products were not found.1-Aza-9-oxafluorenes as resulting oxidation products from the tetrahydro derivatives were biologically demonstrated as novel class of smallsized cytostatics in in vitro screens. 2 Designed as DNA-intercalators with a planar aromatic system they were reported not to act as intercalators by an ethidium bromide displacement assay. 3Their inability to intercalate was discussed to be caused by a non-planarity of the 4-aryl substituent with the tricyclic 1-aza-9-oxafluorene scaffold that was demonstrated to correlate with a twisting of the 3-carbonyl substituent out of the molecular plane. 4We now selected quinolines instead of 3-acyl substituted pyridines as starting structures for synthesis of analogs benzo-anelated 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes. Comparing to those 3-acyl substituted 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes with the non co-planar 4-phenyl ring the 4-phenyl ring in the benzoannelated 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes may probably show planarity with the heterocyclic scaffold thus promising
Multiple Testing. Part II. Step-Down Procedures for Control of the Family-Wise Error Rate (2004)

The present article proposes two step-down multiple testing procedures for asymptotic control of the family-wise error rate (FWER): the first procedure is based on maxima of test statistics (step-down maxT), while the second relies on minima of unadjusted p-values (step-down minP). A key feature of our approach is the characterization and construction of a test statistics null distribution (rather than data generating null distribution) for deriving cut-offs for these test statistics (i.e., rejection regions) and the resulting adjusted p-values. For general null hypotheses, corresponding to submodels for the data generating distribution, we identify an asymptotic domination condition for a null distribution under which the step-down maxT and minP procedures asymptotically control the Type I error rate, for arbitrary data generating distributions, without the need for conditions such as subset pivotality. Inspired by this general characterization, we then propose as an explicit null distribution the asymptotic distribution of the vector of null value shifted and scaled test statistics. Step-down procedures based on consistent estimators of the null distribution are shown to also provide asymptotic control of the Type I error rate. A general bootstrap algorithm is supplied to conveniently obtain consistent estimators of the null distribution.
Digital Pre-Emphasis in Optical Communication Systems: On the Nonlinear Performance (2014)

Digital signal pre-processing at the transmitter is a key enabler for next-generation optical transceivers. One of the major challenges faced by these transponders is the limited resolution and -3 dB electrical bandwidth of the digital-to-analog converters (DAC), severely limiting the transmission performance. On the other hand, these spectrally efficient flexible transport networks are extremely sensitive to nonlinear channel impairments, essentially limiting the maximum system reach. In this paper, we employ a simple digital pre-emphasis (DPE) algorithm to mitigate DAC-induced signal distortions, and further report on the impact of DPE algorithm on nonlinear transmission performance. We demonstrate, both numerically and experimentally, that DPE not only counteracts DAC low-pass response, allowing for higher baud rate transmission, but also enables better nonlinear channel tolerance. In particular, we first establish the maximum transmittable baud rates in back-to-back configuration for polarization multiplexed m-state quadrature amplitude modulation (PM-mQAM) formats, allowing up to 50, 46 and 44 Gbaud transmission for PM-4QAM, PM-8QAM, and PM-16QAM, respectively assuming typical DAC specifications of 16 GHz -3 dB bandwidth and 5.5 effective number of bits. Furthermore, we show that the performance improvements from DPE increase with increasing modulation order and decreasing span count, with maximum improvements of up to ~2.2 dB. In a conventional standard single mode fiber transmission link with lumped amplification, employing DPE, we report maximum reach of up to ~10 000, ~5000, and ~3000 km, for PM-4QAM, PM-8QAM, and PM-16QAM, respectively. Moreover, at pre-FEC bit-error-rate, relative reach improvements from DPE are found to be up to 21%, 25%, and 27%, respectively. Finally, we show that DPE gains are constant beyond a minimum required channel spacing, with minimum spacing requirements of 1.1 × baud rate, 1.15 × baud rate, and 1.2 × baud rate for PM-4QAM→PM-16QAM, respectively.
Data from Effects of HER Family–targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one mechanism of action of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), like lapatinib, may have added therapeutic value in combination with mAbs through enhanced ADCC activity. Using clinical data, we examined the impact of lapatinib on HER2/EGFR expression levels and natural killer (NK) cell gene signatures. We investigated the ability of three TKIs (lapatinib, afatinib, and neratinib) to alter HER2/immune-related protein levels in preclinical models of HER2-positive (HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and HER2-low breast cancer, and the subsequent effects on trastuzumab/pertuzumab-mediated ADCC.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Preclinical studies (proliferation assays, Western blotting, high content analysis, and flow cytometry) employed HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (SKBR3 and HCC1954) and HER2-low (MCF-7, T47D, CAMA-1, and CAL-51) breast cancer cell lines. NCT00524303 provided reverse phase protein array–determined protein levels of HER2/pHER2/EGFR/pEGFR. RNA-based NK cell gene signatures (CIBERSORT/MCP-counter) post-neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy were assessed (NCT00769470/NCT01485926). ADCC assays utilized flow cytometry–based protocols.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Lapatinib significantly increased membrane HER2 levels, while afatinib and neratinib significantly decreased levels in all preclinical models. Single-agent lapatinib increased HER2 or EGFR levels in 10 of 11 (91%) tumor samples. NK cell signatures increased posttherapy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) and associated with trastuzumab response (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01). TKI treatment altered mAb-induced NK cell–mediated ADCC &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, but it did not consistently correlate with HER2 expression in HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; or HER2-low models. The ADCC response to trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined did not exceed either mAb alone.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;TKIs differentially alter tumor cell phenotype which can impact NK cell–mediated response to coadministered antibody therapies. mAb-induced ADCC response is relevant when rationalizing combinations for clinical investigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Broadband infrared vibrational nano-spectroscopy using thermal blackbody radiation (2015)

Infrared vibrational nano-spectroscopy based on scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) provides intrinsic chemical specificity with nanometer spatial resolution. Here we use incoherent infrared radiation from a 1400 K thermal blackbody emitter for broadband infrared (IR) nano-spectroscopy. With optimized interferometric heterodyne signal amplification we achieve few-monolayer sensitivity in phonon polariton spectroscopy and attomolar molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Near-field localization and nanoscale spatial resolution is demonstrated in imaging flakes of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and determination of its phonon polariton dispersion relation. The signal-to-noise ratio calculations and analysis for different samples and illumination sources provide a reference for irradiance requirements and the attainable near-field signal levels in s-SNOM in general. The use of a thermal emitter as an IR source thus opens s-SNOM for routine chemical FTIR nano-spectroscopy.
The Role of T‐Lymphocytes in Hypercholesterolemia‐Induced Leukocyte‐Endothelial Interactions (2002)

These findings indicate that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells contribute to granulocyte adhesion and emigration elicited in postcapillary venules by hypercholesterolemia.
Novel analysis of a sudden ionospheric disturbance using Schumann resonance measurements (2015)

Abstract A spherical cavity between Earth and the lower ionosphere forms a global resonator for Extremely Low Frequency electromagnetic waves. Constant thunderstorm activity leads to the formation of a resonance field in the cavity, known as the Schumann resonance. Solar flare generated Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SID) modify the ionosphere affecting the ground‐based radio communication systems. They are also expected to modify radiowave propagation in the cavity. In this paper, the Schumann Resonance spectral decomposition method is used for the first time to study the cavity resonance frequencies during the SID accompanying a strong X2.1 solar flare. We analyzed rapid changes in the frequencies and Q factors of the first five resonance modes using a 5 min timescale. The observed frequency shifts were compared to the ionizing solar flare fluxes in the UV, X‐ray, and high‐energy γ rays.
Metal-Organic Framework as Positive Electrode Material of Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries for Large-Scale Applications (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Energy-efficient resource block allocation for licensed-assisted access (2015)

Licensed-assisted access (LAA) has been developed to improve LTE system capacity by using unlicensed bands. However, the energy efficiency (EE) of the LTE system may be degraded by LAA since unlicensed bands are generally less energy-efficient than licensed bands. In this paper, we investigate the EE optimization of LAA systems. We first develop a criterion to determine whether unlicensed bands can be leveraged to improve the EE of LAA systems. We prove that unlicensed bands can be used to improve the EE only when the allocated licensed resource blocks (RBs) are not enough. We then investigate how to jointly allocate licensed and unlicensed RBs to achieve EE fairness among small cell base stations (SBSs), based on the Nash bargaining solution. Numerical results are presented to confirm our analysis and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
High Power AMTEC Converters for Deep-Space Nuclear Reactor Power Systems (2003)

A high electrical power, Alkali Metal Thermal‐To‐Electric Conversion (AMTEC) unit design is developed, and performance estimates as functions of the beta″‐alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) temperature (or anode vapor pressure), condenser temperature, and the type of the working fluid (sodium or potassium) are calculated and discussed. The Na and K‐AMTEC units, measuring 410 mm × 594 mm × 115 mm in outside dimensions, are identical except for the type of the BASE and working fluid. The peak efficiency of the Na‐AMTEC at a BASE temperature of 1123 K is 29.2%, decreasing to 26.8% at a BASE temperature of 1073 K. The corresponding specific powers of the Na‐AMTEC unit are 76 and 54 We/kg, respectively. For nominal operation at 85% of peak electrical power at BASE temperatures of 1123 K and 1073 K, the conversion efficiency of the Na‐AMTEC decreases to 26.7% and 24.5%, respectively, but the corresponding specific powers increase significantly to 125 and 91 We/kg, respectively. The Na‐AMTEC nominally generates 4.0 and 5.6 kWe when operating at BASE temperatures of 1073 K and 1123 K, respectively. When operating at the same anode vapor pressure of 76.8 kPa, the BASE temperature in the K‐AMTEC is only 1002 K, versus 1123 K for the Na‐AMTEC, generating only 2.0 kWe at a specific electrical power of 45 We/kg. In addition to the lower specific power, the specific radiator area for the K‐AMTEC is significantly larger than for the Na‐AMTEC because of the lower conversion efficiency (∼ 22.5%). The Na‐AMTEC operates at higher conversion efficiency and higher electrical power than the K‐AMTEC for condenser temperatures ⩾ 620 K.
Novel II-VI Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on InP Substrates Applying Wide-Gap and Highly p-Dopable BeZnTe for p-Cladding Layers (2000)

BeZnTe ternary alloys were grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The bandgap energies of BeZnTe were investigated as a function of Be composition by absorption coefficient measurements. As a result, it was shown that the bowing parameter was as small as 0.1 eV, and the wide bandgap energy of 3.12 eV was given for BeZnTe lattice-matching to InP, with a Be composition of 0.48. The p-type doping of BeZnTe was performed using a RF-radical nitrogen source. From Hall effect measurements of the samples, high hole concentrations in the range of 1018 to 1019 cm—3 were obtained. Using N-doped BeZnTe as a p-cladding layer, MgZnCdSe/BeZnTe light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated on InP substrates. The active and the n-cladding layers were ZnCdSe and MgSe/ZnCdSe superlattices, respectively. The LEDs were evaluated under pulsed current injections at room temperature. Single-peak orange light emissions around 605 nm were observed under low applied voltages of about 3 V.
A DSP‐like analogue processing unit for smart image sensors (2002)

Abstract An electronic retina featuring DSP‐like programmable analogue processing is addressed. The motivations for designing such an original smart image sensor are accounted for. The architecture of the circuit is described and then the two more important building blocks are detailed. Finally, the practical implementation and tests results are given so as to validate the approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
CAPSULAR ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT PROTECTS THE HIP AGAINST IMPINGEMENT (2018)

Hip impingement causes clinical problems for both the native hip, where labral or chondral damage can cause severe pain, and in the replaced hip, where subluxation can cause squeaking/metallosis through edge loading, or can cause dislocation. There is much research into bony/prosthetic hard impingements showing that anatomical variation/component mal-positioning can increase the risk of impingement. However, there is a lack of basic science describing the role of the hip capsule and its intertwined ligaments in restraining range of motion, ROM, and so it is unclear if careful preservation/repair of the capsular ligaments would offer clinical benefits to young adults, or could also help prevent edge loading in addition to reducing the postoperative dislocation rate in older adults.This in-vitro study quantifies the ROM where the capsule passively stabilises the hip and compares this to hip kinematics during daily activities at risk for hip subluxation.Ten cadaveric left hips were skeletonised preserving th...
The Cycle of SEC4 Function in Vesicular Transport (2007)

Sec4 is a Ras-like GTP-binding protein required for exocytosis in yeast. Unlike Ras, it is the ability of Sec4 to cycle between the GTP- and GDP-bound forms rather than the absolute levels of the GTP-bound form that is critical for function. This cycle may be coupled to an observed cycle of Sec4 localization within the cell. Sec4 binds to secretory vesicles which then fuse with the plasma membrane in exocytosis. Sec4 can recycle from the plasma membrane through a soluble pool to rebind to a new round of vesicles. We have found an activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) comparable to that of the GDP dissociation inhibitor protein isolated from mammalian cells that releases GDP-bound Sec4 from membranes. DSS4–1, a dominant suppressor of the sec4–8 temperature-sensitive mutation, encodes a nucleotide exchange protein. The cycle of Sec4 may function to allow the assembly and subsequent disassembly of a set of proteins necessary for exocytosis. Candidates for members of this set of proteins are encoded by sec genes which show strong genetic interactions with sec4–8. Two of these (SEC8 and SEC15) encode large proteins which form a complex that is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane.
Selectivity in Ligand Recognition of G-Quadruplex Loops (2009)

A series of disubstituted acridine ligands have been cocrystallized with a bimolecular DNA G-quadruplex. The ligands have a range of cyclic amino end groups of varying size. The crystal structures show that the diagonal loop in this quadruplex results in a large cavity for these groups, in contrast to the steric constraints imposed by propeller loops in human telomeric quadruplexes. We conclude that the nature of the loop has a significant influence on ligand selectivity for particular quadruplex folds.
A Selective Interaction between Cation and Separator Membrane in Lithium Secondary Batteries (2017)

The presence of a specific Coulombic interaction between the lithium cation and the separator membrane in lithium secondary batteries was proven in this study, through evaluating the mobilities and microviscosities of the mobile ions in electrolyte solutions outside and within the separator membrane. The magnitude of the interaction depends on the solvation structure of the lithium cation, whose net charge is affected by the type and number of solvating species due to their shielding effect. Lithium cations with larger or more strongly coordinated solvating species are less attracted to the membrane; therefore, they display higher mobility compared to weakly solvated cations that are more strongly attracted to the membrane. We confirmed that the mobility of lithium cations in the separator membrane is controlled by their solvated structure in the electrolyte, as well as by the surface charge of the separator membrane. This knowledge could lead to the systematic design of battery performance appropriate for the battery loading system.
Sildenafil reduces neuroinflammation in cerebellum, restores GABA ergic tone, and improves motor in‐coordination in rats with hepatic encephalopathy (2017)

This study supports an interplay between cGMP-neuroinflammation and GABAergic neurotransmission in impairing motor coordination in PCS rats.
Six New Chalcones fromAngelica keiskeiInducing Adiponectin Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2012)

Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba in Japanese), a traditional herb in Japan, contains abundant prenylated chalcones. It has been reported that the chalcones from A. keiskei showed such bioactivities as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. Xanthoangelol, 4-hydroxyderricin and six new chalcones were isolated in this study from an ethanol extract of A. keiskei by octadecyl silyl (ODS) and silica gel chromatography, and identified by 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses. The chalcones from A. keiskei markedly increased the expression of the adiponectin gene and the production of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that the chalcones from A. keiskei might be useful for preventing the metabolic syndrome.
Sampling Jitter Cancellation in Direct-Sampling Radio (2010)

This paper addresses the sampling jitter estimation and cancellation task in direct RF sub-sampling type radios. The proposed jitter estimation method is based on carefully injecting or superimposing an additional known reference signal to the received signal at the sampler input. Proper digital signal processing methods are then devised and applied to estimate the sampling jitter realizations from the obtained jittered samples. Using these jitter estimates, combined with proper jitter modelling, the jitter effects can then be efficiently removed from the actual received signal. Careful performance analysis of the overall estimation-cancellation scheme is also carried out using computer simulations with 3GPP LTE type multicarrier signals, assuming also different amounts of RF filtering prior to RF sub-sampling stage. In the performance simulations, both additive white Gaussian noise and extended ITU-R Vehicular A multipath radio channel types are considered.