gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nonmonotone learning rate strategy for SGD training of deep neural networks (2015)

The algorithm of choice for cross-entropy training of deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models is mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD). One of the important decisions for this algorithm is the learning rate strategy (also called stepsize selection). We investigate several existing schemes and propose a new learning rate strategy which is inspired by nonmonotone linesearch techniques in nonlinear optimization and the NewBob algorithm. This strategy was found to be relatively insensitive to poorly tuned parameters and resulted in lower word error rates compared to Newbob on two different LVCSR tasks (English broadcast news transcription 50 hours and Switchboard telephone conversations 300 hours). Further, we discuss some justifications for the method by briefly linking it to results in optimization theory.
Supplementary Figure from Unleashing Cell-Intrinsic Inflammation as a Strategy to Kill AML Blasts (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Unleashing Cell-Intrinsic Inflammation as a Strategy to Kill AML Blasts
Brown adipose tissue thermogenic adaptation requires Nrf1-mediated proteasomal activity (2018)

Adipocytes possess remarkable adaptive capacity to respond to nutrient excess, fasting or cold exposure, and they are thus an important cell type for the maintenance of proper metabolic health. Although the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for cellular homeostasis, the mechanisms that mediate adaptation of the ER to metabolic challenges in adipocytes are unclear. Here we show that brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic function requires an adaptive increase in proteasomal activity to secure cellular protein quality control, and we identify the ER-localized transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1 (Nfe2l1, also known as Nrf1) as a critical driver of this process. We show that cold adaptation induces Nrf1 in BAT to increase proteasomal activity and that this is crucial for maintaining ER homeostasis and cellular integrity, specifically when the cells are in a state of high thermogenic activity. In mice, under thermogenic conditions, brown-adipocyte-specific deletion of Nfe2l1 (Nrf1) resulted in ER stress, tissue inflammation, markedly diminished mitochondrial function and whitening of the BAT. In mouse models of both genetic and dietary obesity, stimulation of proteasomal activity by exogenously expressing Nrf1 or by treatment with the proteasome activator PA28α in BAT resulted in improved insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, Nrf1 emerges as a novel guardian of brown adipocyte function, providing increased proteometabolic quality control for adapting to cold or to obesity.
Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Chlorides and Aryl Bromides Using a Microwave-Assisted, Copper-Catalyzed Concurrent Tandem Catalysis Methodology (2011)

A concurrent tandem catalytic methodology has been developed for the hydrodehalogenation of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. The first step of the tandem catalytic cycle, halogen exchange, produced yields of 84–97% from aryl bromides using 5 mol % CuI catalyst, 10 mol % N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (1), and 2 equiv of NaI in acetonitrile under microwave radiation at 100 °C in 0.5–1.5 h. The same reaction for aryl chlorides appeared to be equilibrium-limited after 1 hour at 200 °C (yields of 5–44%). Both aryl bromides and aryl chlorides were hydrodehalogenated in 12–87% yield using 20 mol % CuI, 1.5 equiv of diamine 1, and 2 equiv of NaI in acetonitrile at 200 °C after 1–2 h. Substrates with oxygen- or nitrogen-containing functional groups had substantially lower yields than hydrocarbon substrates. Deuterium labeling studies suggest that diamine 1 supplies the majority of the hydrogen for the hydrodehalogenation reaction, but solvent can also serve as a source.
The syndrome of respiratory failure in acute stroke patients (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Stroke is a major cause of death worldwide and ischemic stroke is the most common subtype accounting for approximately 80% of all cases. Pulmonary complications occur in the first few days to weeks following ischemic stroke and are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. [Victoria Austin, Jacqueline M. Ku, Alyson A Miller, Ross Vlahos Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 3622]. <b>Objective:</b> to evaluate the incidence and severity of the syndrome of respiratory failure in acute stroke patients and optimize diagnostic and treatment approach. <b>Methods:</b> 220 patients with acute stroke were examined (120 women, mean age 78.4±3.0, 100 men, mean age 72.3±3.4) and underwent with assessment of its neurological and respiratory status, spirometry, pulseoxymetry (daytime, nocturnal), blood gasses (arterial, venous, capillary). Oxygen supply 110, t-He/O2 110. <b>Results:</b> 60 patients had saturation &gt; 92%, PaO2 65-77 mm Hg, PCO2 - 37-42. 120 patients saturation 91-94%, PaO2 - 60-65 mmHg, PCO2 - 40-45 mm Hg. 40 patients saturation &lt; 91%, PaO2 &lt; 60 mmHg, PCO2 &gt; 45. Dyspnoe - 120, abnormal breathing pattern - 130, aspiration - 120, nocturnal apnoe - 120. <b>Conclusions:</b> The assessment for respiratory failure (arterial blood gasses) should include in routine diagnostic protocol for all acute stroke patients. t-He/O2 effective treatment option for that category of patients since it improves clinical neurologic disability and respiratory failure symptoms.
Tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis of MotB, an integral membrane protein essential for flagellar rotation in Escherichia coli (1995)

The MotB protein of Escherichia coli is an essential component of the flagella that functions together with the MotA protein in transmembrane proton conduction. MotB has a single hydrophobic segment that spans the membrane. In order to determine which parts of the membrane-spanning segment can tolerate the introduction of a large, hydrophobic side chain, single Trp residues were substituted into many consecutive positions in the segment and the effects on function were measured. Trp residues were tolerated at positions near the periplasmic end of the MotB segment but not at positions near the cytoplasmic end. These results are different from what was seen in a similar mutational study of MotA, in that protein Trp residues were tolerated at positions that would be clustered together on one face of each hydrophobic segment if they are alpha-helices [Sharp, L. L., Zhou, J., & Blair, D. F. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in press)]. Those results suggested that the membrane-spanning segments of MotA are alpha-helices arranged in a bundle so that each has a face directed toward the lipid. The contrasting results seen with MotB indicate that its relationship to neighboring protein segments is different. Double-Trp substitutions, one each in MotA and MotB, also were studied. Many double substitutions had strongly synergistic effects which imply that the membrane segments of these proteins interact. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonyl Esters. Part 2. CS Cleavage in Some Substitution Reactions of Nitrobenzenesulfonates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cell adhesion promoted by a unique Shigella IpaA vinculin- and talin-binding site (2018)

Abstract During Shigella cell invasion, the IpaA effector targets the focal adhesion protein vinculin through three vinculin-binding sites (VBSs). Here, we report that IpaA VBS3 also binds to talin. The 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure indicates that IpaA VBS3 forms a tightly folded α-helical bundle with talin H1-H4, contrasting with bundle unraveling upon vinculin interaction. High-affinity binding of Ipa VBS3 to talin H1-H4 requires a core of hydrophobic residues conserved in vinculin binding and a pair of electrostatic interactions accounting for talin binding specificity. IpaA VBS3 does not bind to talin H1-H5 suggesting the targeting of partially activated stretched talin but not inactive talin. Consistently, IpaA VBS3 labeled filopodial and nascent adhesions and regulated their formation through talin binding. In addition, talin-binding by IpaA VBS3 was required for bacterial capture by filopodia during Shigella invasion and for the stabilization of focal adhesions in infected cells. These findings point to the functional diversity of VBSs and a critical role for talin-binding by Shigella IpaA VBS3 and possibly talin VBSs in the regulation of adhesion structures.
Indexing of variable length multi-attribute motion data (2004)

Haptic data such as 3D motion capture data and sign language animation data are new forms of multimedia data. The motion data is multi-attribute, and indexing of multi-attribute data is important for quickly pruning the majority of irrelevant motions in order to have real-time animation applications. Indexing of multi-attribute data has been attempted for data of a few attributes by using R-tree or its variants after dimensionality reduction. In this paper, we exploit the singular value decomposition (SVD) properties of multi-attribute motion data matrices to obtain one representative vector for each of the motion data matrices of dozens or hundreds of attributes. Based on this representative vector, we propose a simple and efficient interval-tree based index structure for indexing motion data with large amount of attributes. At each tree level, only one component of the query vector needs to be checked during searching, comparing to all the components of the query vector that should get involved if an R-tree or its variants are used for indexing. Searching time is independent of the number of pattern motions indexed by the tree, making the index structure well scalable to large data repositories. Experiments show that up to 91∼93% irrelevant motions can be pruned for a query with no false dismissals, and the query searching time is less than 30 μ <i>s</i> with the existence of motion variations.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Proteasome Inhibition Causes Regression of Leukemia and Abrogates BCR-ABL–Induced Evasion of Apoptosis in Part through Regulation of Forkhead Tumor Suppressors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Proteasome Inhibition Causes Regression of Leukemia and Abrogates BCR-ABL–Induced Evasion of Apoptosis in Part through Regulation of Forkhead Tumor Suppressors
Understanding the potential for collaborative search technologies in clinical settings (2011)

In this position paper, we report the findings of interviews with four medical doctors regarding the use of internet search by doctors and patients in support of the treatment process; we particularly focus on opportunities for collaboration between doctors and patients in clinical information retrieval scenarios.
Preparation of syngeneic tumor regressor serum reactive with the unique determinants of the Abelson murine leukemia virus-encoded P120 protein at the cell surface (1979)

Antisera reactive with the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-specified P120 (anti-AbT sera) were produced in C57L/J mice. Of many strains tested, only C57L/J reproducibly rejected syngenic A-MuLV-induced tumor cells; after multiple immunizations their sera would immunoprecipitate both P120 and Moloney-MuLV (M-MuLV) proteins. Using labeled A-MuLV-induced nonproducer cells, only P120 could be detected by anti-AbT sera, suggesting that it may be the only A-MuLV-specified protein. Reactivity of anti-AbT sera with P120 was not blocked by M-MuLV virion proteins, implying that the sera recognize a portion of P120 that is not homologous to any M-MuLV product. Anti-AbT sera stained the surface of live, A-MuLV-transformed nonproducer cells in a two-stage immunofluorescence assay, and such staining was not blocked by M-MuLV protein. Also, intact A-MuLV-transformed cells absorbed much of the reactivity of certain anti-AbT sera for P120. Thus a portion of P120 appears to be exposed on the surface of transformed cells. P120 lacks detectable carbohydrate, is not affected by endoglycosidase H, and cannot be labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Thus P120 is an unusual surface protein.
Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (2012)

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.
Correction to Synthesis and SAR of 5-Amino- and 5-(Aminomethyl)benzofuran Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists with Improved Potency (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Synthesis and SAR of 5-Amino- and 5-(Aminomethyl)benzofuran Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists with Improved PotencyMinghua Sun*, Chen Zhao, Gregory A. Gfesser, Christine Thiffault, Thomas R. Miller, Kennan Marsh, Jill Wetter, Michael Curtis, Ramin Faghih, Timothy A. Esbenshade, Arthur A. Hancock, and Marlon Cowart*Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 1, 563Publication Date (Web):December 14, 2011Publication History Published online14 December 2011Published inissue 12 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm201619hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm201619hcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (110 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Highly Parallel and Scalable CABAC Decoder for Next Generation Video Coding (2012)

Future video decoders will need to support high resolutions such as Quad Full HD (QFHD, 4096 × 2160) and fast frame rates (e.g., 120 fps). Many of these decoders will also reside in portable devices. Parallel processing can be used to increase the throughput for higher performance (i.e., processing speed), which can be traded-off for lower power with voltage scaling. The next generation standard called High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), which is being developed as a successor to H.264/AVC, not only seeks to improve the coding efficiency but also to account for implementation complexity and leverage parallelism to meet future power and performance demands. This paper presents a silicon prototype for a pre-standard algorithm developed for HEVC (“H.265”) called Massively Parallel CABAC (MP-CABAC) that addresses a key video decoder bottleneck. A scalable test chip is implemented in 65-nm and achieves a throughput of 24.11 bins/cycle, which enables it to decode the max H.264/AVC bit-rate (300 Mb/s) with only a 18 MHz clock at 0.7 V, while consuming 12.3 pJ/bin. At 1.0 V, it decodes a peak of 3026 Mbins/s for a bit-rate of 2.3 Gb/s, enough for QFHD at 186 fps. Both architecture and joint algorithm-architecture optimizations used to reduce critical path delay, area cost and memory size are discussed.
Genome-Wide Survey of Large Rare Copy Number Variants in Alzheimer’s Disease Among Caribbean Hispanics (2012)

Recently genome-wide association studies have identified significant association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and variations in CLU, PICALM, BIN1, CR1, MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and ABCA7. However, the pathogenic variants in these loci have not yet been found. We conducted a genome-wide scan for large copy number variation (CNV) in a dataset of Caribbean Hispanic origin (554 controls and 559 AD cases that were previously investigated in a SNP-based genome-wide association study using Illumina HumanHap 650Y platform). We ran four CNV calling algorithms to obtain high-confidence calls for large CNVs (>100 kb) that were detected by at least two algorithms. Global burden analyses did not reveal significant differences between cases and controls in CNV rate, distribution of deletions or duplications, total or average CNV size; or number of genes affected by CNVs. However, we observed a nominal association between AD and a ∼470 kb duplication on chromosome 15q11.2 (P = 0.037). This duplication, encompassing up to five genes (TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA2, NIPA1, and WHAMML1) was present in 10 cases (2.6%) and 3 controls (0.8%). The dosage increase of CYFIP1 and NIPA1 genes was further confirmed by quantitative PCR. The current study did not detect CNVs that affect novel AD loci identified by recent genome-wide association studies. However, because the array technology used in our study has limitations in detecting small CNVs, future studies must carefully assess novel AD genes for the presence of disease-related CNVs.
A 1.4GHz 20.5Gbps GZIP decompression accelerator in 14nm CMOS featuring dual-path out-of-order speculative Huffman decoder and multi-write enabled register file array (2019)

A 33,464μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> GZIP decompression accelerator is fabricated in 14nm CMOS, achieving industry-leading 20.5Gbps throughput. The design features out-of-order speculative Huffman decoder to break the fundamental serial dependency resulting in 69% higher decode throughput. The hybrid dual-path decoder provides 2.3× higher performance with multi-write enabled register-file array increasing decompression throughput by up to 41%. The arithmetic-architecture-circuit co-optimized design operates at 1.4GHz at 750mV, 25°C with peak measured energy-efficiency of 1.86pJ/code at 280mV, 2.7× higher than previously reported implementations.
MHC-independent presentation of mycobacteria to human γδ T cells (1993)

The majority of human peripheral gamma delta T cells express antigen receptors using the V gamma 9 and V delta 2 gene products. Cells of this subset have been previously shown to uniformly recognize mycobacteria regardless of their V-(D)-J junctional sequences in an MHC-unrestricted manner. This reactivity superficially resembles activation of alpha beta cells by bacterial superantigens, which are thought to be presented by monomorphic regions of MHC class II molecules. It is not known whether presentation of the mycobacterial antigen to V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells is also mediated by class II MHC molecules. In order to examine the similarity between presentation of bacterial superantigens to alpha beta T cells and the presentation of mycobacteria to gamma delta T cells we have studied the role of class II MHC molecules in presentation of the mycobacterial antigen AP-MT to V gamma 9/V delta 2 clones. Activation of gamma delta T cells by AP-MT required direct contact with antigen presenting cells, indicating that an interaction with cell surface molecules on antigen presenting cells is required. Class II MHC molecules were neither sufficient nor necessary for effective presentation of AP-MT to the gamma delta T cells, as transfectants expressing class II MHC molecules were unable to present, whereas cell lines lacking expression of MHC class II molecules could present this mycobacterial antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Subtypes of muscarinic receptors--aspects of their physiologic significance for controlling heart rate in the human]. (1994)

The cDNAs for five different muscarinic cholinoceptors have been cloned. The biochemical and physiological relevance of the m1, m2 and m3 receptors is understood in many aspects. The pharmacological defined M1, M2 and M3 related to antagonists binding studies closely correspond with those cloned. We compared effects of atropine and of the subtype selective M-cholinoceptor antagonists pirenzepine and AF-DX 116 in humans. Dose- or time-response curves have been established for heart rate. Plasma samples were drawn in parallel with the effect measurements and analysed for drug concentrations. Subtype-selective radioceptor assays of the samples served to estimate the respective receptor occupancy in vivo. After low dosis of pirenzepine (M1-selective blockade) a negative chronotropic effect on heart rate could be observed. After high doses of pirenzepine or atropine (M-unselective blockade) the wellknown tachycardia appeared in parallel with occupancy of both the M2 and M3 subtypes. AF-DX 116 induced a tachycardia without a decrease of salivary flow in agreement with its selectivity profile (M2 > M1 > M3). Gastric emptying was only slightly inhibited by AF-DX 116 but nearly completely by a very high dose of pirenzepine blocking M1-, M2- and M3-cholinoceptors. The negative chronotropic effect on heart rate of a low dose of pirenzepine (M1 selective) was multi-folded by pretreatment with isoprenaline but disappeared during bicycle exercise. The implications of the functional M cholinoceptor heterogeneity in humans revealed by antagonists are discussed according to its possible importance for the control of autonomous nerve system.
Silsesquioxane-bonded zirconocene complexes; soluble models for silica-tethered olefin polymerization catalysts (2003)

Silsesquioxane tethered fluorene ligands [R7Si8O12X]-9-Flu(H) (R = c-C6H11, X = – (1); R = c-C5H9, X = CH2 (2), (CH2)3 (3), C6H4CH2 (4)), (c-C5H9)7Si8O12CH2-9-Flu(9-EMe3) (E = Si (5a), Sn (5b)) and zirconium dichlorides Cp″[(c-C5H9)7Si8O12CH2-9-Flu]ZrCl2 (6b, Cp″ = 1,3-C5H3(SiMe3)2), Cp*[(c-C5H9)7Si8O12-X-9-Flu]ZrCl2 (X = CH2 (6a), (CH2)3 (7), C6H4CH2 (8)) and [(c-C5H9)7Si8O12CH2-9-Flu]2ZrCl2 (9) have been applied as models for silica-tethered ancillary ligands and silica tethered-zirconocenes. Immobilization of zirconocenes containing a pendant anchorable functionality, Cp″[Me2(EtO)SiCH2Flu]ZrCl2 (10) and Cp[C5Me4SiMe2OEt]ZrCl2 (11) was considerably hampered by competitive Zr–Cl and Si–OEt bond splitting. When activated with MAO (methylalumoxane), 6–9 yield active ethylene polymerization systems.