gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Dynamics of Shape Processing Differentiate Contributions of Dorsal and Ventral Visual Pathways (2019)

Although shape perception is primarily considered a function of the ventral visual pathway, previous research has shown that both dorsal and ventral pathways represent shape information. Here, we examine whether the shape-selective electrophysiological signals observed in dorsal cortex are a product of the connectivity to ventral cortex or are independently computed. We conducted multiple EEG studies in which we manipulated the input parameters of the stimuli so as to bias processing to either the dorsal or ventral visual pathway. Participants viewed displays of common objects with shape information parametrically degraded across five levels. We measured shape sensitivity by regressing the amplitude of the evoked signal against the degree of stimulus scrambling. Experiment 1, which included grayscale versions of the stimuli, served as a benchmark establishing the temporal pattern of shape processing during typical object perception. These stimuli evoked broad and sustained patterns of shape sensitivity beginning as early as 50 msec after stimulus onset. In Experiments 2 and 3, we calibrated the stimuli such that visual information was delivered primarily through parvocellular inputs, which mainly project to the ventral pathway, or through koniocellular inputs, which mainly project to the dorsal pathway. In the second and third experiments, shape sensitivity was observed, but in distinct spatio-temporal configurations from each other and from that elicited by grayscale inputs. Of particular interest, in the koniocellular condition, shape selectivity emerged earlier than in the parvocellular condition. These findings support the conclusion of distinct dorsal pathway computations of object shape, independent from the ventral pathway.
The Textile Interface Swatchbook: Creating graphical user interface-like widgets with conductive embroidery (2010)

The Textile Interface Swatchbook demonstrates how conductive embroidery can render graphical user interface-like (GUI) widgets on fabric. Such widgets might be used to control mobile electronics such as a music player, mobile phone, or projected display. At present, six swatches have been created for the swatchbook: pleat, menu, rocker, multi-touch gesture, zipper, and proximity. The three most diverse and original are discussed here. In addition, we develop a hybrid resistive-capacitive touch sensing technique designed to be more tolerant to the flexing typical of fabric. We hope to develop the Textile Interface Swatchbook into a reference tool for textile interfaces.
Synthesis of asphalt binders from renewable resources and their rheological properties (2007)

At present, most adhesives and binders are mainly produced from petrochemicals and the fact that petroleum reserves are a finite resource means that in the future it may become necessary to produce these materials from renewable sources. Suitable resources may include polysaccharides, plant oils and proteins. This paper deals with the synthesis of polymer binders from monomers that could be produced from renewable resources. The aim has been to investigate if these synthetic binders show similar properties to bitumen so that future binders could be synthesised from renewable sources. Samples of poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) of different molecular weight, poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were synthesised from ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate, respectively, by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The fundamental rheological properties of these binders were tested by using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results indicate that PEA has rheological properties similar to that of 100/150 penetration grade bitumen, although 100/150 penetration grade bitumen is stiffer at ambient temperatures than PEA binder. At low temperatures, PEAs are softer than 100/150 penetration grade bitumen but have a greater elastic response compared to the more viscous response of the 100/150 penetration grade bitumen. High molecular weight PEA binders show better rheological properties than the low molecular weight PEA binders. However, PBA being highly viscous at room temperature cannot be used by itself as an asphalt binder but may be used to modify stiffer grade bitumen. PMA, on the other hand has similar rheological properties to that of 15 penetration grade bitumen at ambient temperatures but tends to be stiffer than the hard bitumen at temperatures greater than 60 C.
An improved technique for generating mechanical waves in the frequency range 600-1200 Mc/s (1964)

A technique that has been used for generating mechanical waves in the frequency range 600-1200 Mc/s is described.
Laetirobin from the Parasitic Growth ofLaetiporus sulphureusonRobinia pseudoacacia (2009)

(+/-)-Laetirobin (1) was isolated as a cytostatic lead from Laetiporus sulphureus growing parasitically on the black locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, by virtue of a reverse-immunoaffinity system. Using an LC/MS procedure, milligram quantities of (+/-)-laetirobin (1) were obtained, and the structure of 1 was elucidated by X-ray crystallography and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Preliminary cellular studies indicated that (+/-)-laetirobin (1) rapidly enters in tumor cells, blocks cell division at a late stage of mitosis, and invokes apoptosis.
SimpleNLG (2009)

This paper describes SimpleNLG, a realisation engine for English which aims to provide simple and robust interfaces to generate syntactic structures and linearise them. The library is also flexible in allowing the use of mixed (canned and non-canned) representations.
Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment of renal cell carcinoma on the accumulation of carbonic anhydrase IX‐specific chimeric monoclonal antibody cG250 (2010)

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? TKI combined with chemotherapy has shown significant synergistic activity in glioma, colon‐, and breast carcinoma, possibly through improved delivery of therapeutic molecules through vascular normalization and reduced tumour interstitial fluid pressure. Whether this can be achieved with larger molecules such as antibodies is unclear. Possibly, a narrow time window exists in which lowered interstitial fluid pressures precedes tumour vasculature destruction during which enhanced antibody uptake and synergy might be achieved. Here we show that careful timing will be necessary because the TKI‐induced tumour‐vessel destruction is swift and prevents adequate antibody accumulation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of three different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the biodistribution of chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) cG250, which identifies carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), in nude mice bearing human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenografts. TKIs represent the best, but still suboptimal treatment for metastatic RCC (mRCC) and combined therapy or sequential therapy might be beneficial. CAIX is abundantly over expressed in RCC and clinical trials have shown abundant and specific tumour accumulation of cG250. Combining a TKI with mAb cG250, involved in a different effector mechanism, might lead to improved tumour responses and survival in patients with mRCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nude mice bearing human RCC xenografts were treated orally with 0.75 mg/day sunitinib, 1 mg/day vandetanib, 1 mg/day sorafenib or vehicle control for 7 or 14 days. At 7 days, mice were injected i.v. with 185 kBq/5 µg 125 I‐cG250. Mice were killed at predetermined days and cG250 biodistribution was determined. Tumours were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of endothelial cells, laminin, smooth muscle actin, CAIX expression and uptake of mAb cG250. RESULTS While on TKI treatment, tumour uptake of cG250 decreased dramatically, tumour growth was slightly inhibited and vascular density decreased considerably as judged by various markers. When treatment was stopped at 7 days, there was robust neovascularization, mainly at the tumour periphery. Consequently, cG250 uptake also recovered, albeit cG250 uptake appeared to be restricted to the tumour periphery where vigorous neovascularization was visible. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous administration of a TKI and mAb cG250 severely compromised mAb accumulation. However, shortly after discontinuation of TKI treatment mAb accumulation was restored. Combined treatment strategies with TKI and mAb should be carefully designed.
Group Delay Spread Analysis of Few-Mode, Coupled 3-Core Fibres: Optimum Index Profile and Maximum Transmission Distance for Strong Coupling Regime (2017)

Group delay spread of few-mode, coupled 3-core fibres is theoretically investigated. An optimum index profile of cores for minimizing the group delay spread between two mode groups and the maximum transmission distance for strong coupling regime are discussed.
Generalized SURE for Exponential Families: Applications to Regularization (2008)

Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) was proposed by Stein for the independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian model in order to derive estimates that dominate least squares (LS). Recently, the SURE criterion has been employed in a variety of denoising problems for choosing regularization parameters that minimize an estimate of the mean-squared error (MSE). However, its use has been limited to the i.i.d. case which precludes many important applications. In this paper we begin by deriving a SURE counterpart for general, not necessarily i.i.d. distributions from the exponential family. This enables extending the SURE design technique to a much broader class of problems. Based on this generalization we suggest a new method for choosing regularization parameters in penalized LS estimators. We then demonstrate its superior performance over the conventional generalized cross validation and discrepancy approaches in the context of image deblurring and deconvolution. The SURE technique can also be used to design estimates without predefining their structure. However, allowing for too many free parameters impairs the estimate's performance. To address this inherent tradeoff, we propose a regularized SURE objective, and demonstrate its use in the context of wavelet denoising.
Medium access control techniques in M2M communication: survey and critical review (2014)

Abstract Machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication has received increasing attention in recent year. An M2M network exhibits some salient features such as large number of machines/devices, low data rates, delay tolerant/sensitive, small packets, energy constrained and low or no mobility. A large number of M2M terminals may exist in a small area with many trying to simultaneously and randomly access for channel resources, which will result in overload and access problem. This increased signalling overhead and diverse requirements of machine‐type communication (MTC) devices call for the development of flexible and efficient scheduling and random access techniques. In an M2M scenario, where the network is operating at high offered load with a large number of contending transmitters, distributed random access techniques are more appropriate than centralised scheduling techniques because of less control messages and better channel utilisation. There is a need for comparison of various medium access methods that can be used in the development of an efficient hybrid M2M and human to human network. In this article, we review and compare various scheduling and random access techniques in cellular networks, particularly in Long‐Term Evolution. We also discuss how successful they are to fulfill the unique requirements of M2M communication and networking. Resource management in M2M networks with a large number of MTC devices is also discussed from the access point of view. Energy efficiency, being one of the main challenges of quality‐of‐service‐constrained M2M communication, is also discussed. Minimisation of the energy consumption is tightly bound to channel access and hence considered in the comparison of various medium access control protocols. Finally, some potential research directions related to access control and resource allocation are presented for future work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Traffic routing for multicomputer networks with virtual cut-through capability (1994)

The problem of selecting routes for interprocess communication in a network with virtual cut-through capability while balancing the network load and minimizing the number of times that a message gets buffered is addressed. The approach taken is to formulate the route selection problem as a minimization problem, with a link cost function that depends upon the traffic through the link. The form of this cost function is derived based on the probability of establishing a virtual cut-through route. It is shown that this route selection problem is NP-hard, and an approximate algorithm is developed which tries to incrementally reduce the cost by rerouting traffic. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated for the hypercube and the C-wrapped hexagonal mesh, example networks for which virtual cut-through switching support has been developed. >
Effect of base additive on process latitude in chemically amplified electron-beam resists (1997)

The stability during the storage between EB exposure and post- exposure bake (PEB) of the chemically amplified resist containing diphenylamine (DPA) was discussed. The large dimension change of 0.15 micrometer L/S pattern with 14 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> EB dose was observed within 1 hour in a vacuum due to the deprotection reaction. The stability of the resist properties in an atmosphere before PEB (PED instability) depends on the time during which the exposed resist is stored in a vacuum. Keeping the exposed resist in a vacuum for more than about 20 minutes makes PED instability good. This seems to be caused by a dark reaction for about 20 minutes, which occurs in addition to the deprotection reaction and realizes equilibrium between DPA and acid generated by EB exposure. This mechanism by which DPA acts as a superior stabilizing base additive is supported by the time dependence of surface resistance for the resist in an atmosphere.
Estimation of the WECC System Inertia Using Observed Frequency Transients (2004)

Computer models being developed to understand the interaction between demand-response technology, power system deregulation and market transformation depend in part on understanding the relationship between system frequency and load-control. Frequency, load, and plant outage events data collected over the last several years have permitted analysis to determine the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) system's inertia during each event. This data was used to evaluate the relationship of system inertia to total load, which is used to model system response to load curtailment programs in next generation power system simulations.
Integrating clinical access limitations into iPDT treatment planning with PDT-SPACE (2023)

PDT-SPACE is an open-source software tool that automates interstitial photodynamic therapy treatment planning by providing patient-specific placement of light sources to destroy a tumor while minimizing healthy tissue damage. This work extends PDT-SPACE in two ways. The first enhancement allows specification of clinical access constraints on light source insertion to avoid penetrating critical structures and to minimize surgical complexity. Constraining fiber access to a single burr hole of adequate size increases healthy tissue damage by 10%. The second enhancement generates an initial placement of light sources as a starting point for refinement, rather than requiring entry of a starting solution by the clinician. This feature improves productivity and also leads to solutions with 4.5% less healthy tissue damage. The two features are used in concert to perform simulations of various surgery options of virtual glioblastoma multiforme brain tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Aldol Reactions of Chiral Methyl Ketones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast collisionless tearing in an anisotropic neutral sheet. Memorandum report (1984)

This document studies the collisionless tearing mode in a neutral sheet in the presence of ion temperature anisotorpy using Vlasov description for both ions and electrons.
Energy Efficient Dual-Functional Radar-Communication: Rate-Splitting Multiple Access, Low-Resolution DACs, and RF Chain Selection (2022)

Dual-Functional Radar-Communication systems enhance the benefits of communications and radar sensing by jointly implementing these on the same hardware platform and using the common RF resources. An important and latest concern to be addressed in designing such Dual-Functional Radar-Communication systems is maximizing the energy-efficiency. In this paper, we consider a Dual-Functional Radar-Communication system performing simultaneous multi-user communications and radar sensing, and investigate the energy-efficiency behaviour with respect to active transmission elements. Specifically, we formulate a problem to find the optimal precoders and the number of active RF chains for maximum energy-efficiency by taking into consideration the power consumption of low-resolution Digital-to-Analog Converters on each RF chain under communications and radar performance constraints. We consider Rate-Splitting Multiple Access to perform multi-user communications with perfect and imperfect Channel State Information at Transmitter. The formulated non-convex optimization problem is solved by means of a novel algorithm. We demonstrate by numerical results that Rate Splitting Multiple Access achieves an improved energy-efficiency by employing a smaller number of RF chains compared to Space Division Multiple Access, owing to its generalized structure and improved interference management capabilities.
Principled Exploration of Bipyridine and Terpyridine Additives to Promote Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Crystallization (2022)

Additives in the precursor solution can promote lead-halide perovskite (LHP) crystallization. We present a systematic exploration of nine (9) bipyridine- and terpyridine-based additives selected from 29 candidates using high-throughput single-crystal growth. To combat selection bias and generate hypotheses for future experimental cycles of learning, we featurize candidate additives using Mordred descriptors and compare similarity metrics. A previously unreported additive, 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyridyl, is shown to work particularly well (the highest top 10th percentile is ∼3.8 mm, in comparison to ∼1.9 mm without additive) in improving the crystallization of prototypical methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Our strategy of machine-learning-guided high-throughput experimentation is generally applicable to other crystal growth problems.
Certificate Discovery Protocol (1996)

Use of Public key cryptography is becoming widespread on the Internet
in such applications as electronic mail and IP Security (IPSEC).
Currently, however, a common public key certificate infrastructure
does not exist which is interoperable with other systems and
ubiquitous. In light of this, we describe a protocol which may be used
to exchange or retrieve certificates (essentially signed public keys)
with or from another entity. The protocol may be used to request
certificates from a directory/name server or from the entity who owns
the certificate. CONTENTS
Synchronization of Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Elevated Temperatures: a Reinterpretation (1972)

Synchronization of cell division resulting from exposure of Escherichia coli to elevated temperatures can be prevented by the presence of methionine. It is suggested that limitation of endogenous methionine at the elevated temperature might be the cause for the subsequent synchronization of cell division.
Phosphorylation and binding of AUF1 to the 3′-untranslated region of cardiomyocyte SERCA2a mRNA (2005)

Experimental animals and patients with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure display abnormally slowed myocardial relaxation, which is associated with downregulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), the cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump. We previously showed that SERCA2a downregulation can be simulated in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) by treatment with the hypertrophic agonist phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or by overexpression of the novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes PKCdelta and PKCepsilon. PKC activation, in turn, decreased SERCA2a promoter activity and destabilized the SERCA2a mRNA. Here we demonstrate by using an RSV beta-galactosidase reporter system that a 609-nt fragment of the SERCA2a mRNA 3'-untranslated region (UTR), containing five adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich regions, may be responsible for destabilizing the message following PMA treatment. UV cross-linking analysis demonstrated that several proteins found in the NRVM cell extracts bind to the 609-nt fragment. In addition, protein binding was transiently increased in response to PMA stimulation. 3'-UTR mRNA pull-down assays and Western blot analysis indicated that the AU binding protein AUF1 interacted with the SERCA2a 3'-UTR. AUF1 binding activity was predominantly found in the nuclear fraction, and PMA-induced AUF1 binding was associated with increased threonine phosphorylation of AUF1. These data suggest that the phosphorylation, binding, and location of AUF1 affect the posttranscriptional regulation of the SERCA2a message in NRVM.
Impact of size effects on the resistivity of copper wires and consequently the design and performance of metal interconnect networks (2005)

The impact of surface and grain boundary scattering on the design of multi-level interconnect networks and their latency distributions is reported. For the 18-nm technology node (year 2018), it is shown that, despite more than 4/spl times/ increase in resistivity of copper for minimum size interconnects, the increase in the number of metal levels is negligible (less than 6.7%), and interconnects that will be affected most are so short that their impact on the chip performance is inconsequential.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Transformations of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid. Part 8. Synthesis of 7‐, 8‐, 9‐Desoxy‐ and 4,7‐Didesoxyneuraminic Acid. (1988)

Abstract In view of the biological importance of N‐acetylneuraminic acid the title compounds (II), (VI) and (XI) are prepared.
Roundtable: Design and CAD Challenges for Leading-Edge Multimedia Designs (2007)

Multimedia, game, and entertainment devices have pushed the leading edge of performance, complexity, power, form factor, design cycle time, and other key aspects of ASIC design for the past several technology nodes. This roundtable brings together experts who are defining the next generation of gaming, mobile-TV, digital-home, display, and multimedia-processing platforms. The discussion spans the underlying chip architectures and roadmaps, as well as the key design, technology, and market challenges for next-generation products.
Table S1 from A Novel Carcinoembryonic Antigen T-Cell Bispecific Antibody (CEA TCB) for the Treatment of Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List, Source and CEA binding sites of Cell Lines used in the study&lt;/p&gt;