gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric induction in the vinylogous amide photocycloaddition reaction. A formal synthesis of vindorosine (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric induction in the vinylogous amide photocycloaddition reaction. A formal synthesis of vindorosineJeffrey D. Winkler, Robert D. Scott, and Paul G. WilliardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 24, 8971–8975Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1426Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (648 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined State Estimation and Active Fault Detection of Individual-Wheel-Drive Vehicles: An Adaptive Observer-Based Approach (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents an adaptive observer-based approach for the combined state estimation and active fault detection and isolation (FDI) of the individual-wheel-drive (IWD) vehicles. A 3-DOF vehicle model coupled with the Highway Safety Research Institute (HSRI) tire model is established and used as the observation model. Based on this model, the dual unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) technique is employed for the observer design to give fusion results of the interdependent state and parameter variables, which undergo nonlinear transformations, with the minimum square errors. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is examined and validated through co-simulation between MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. The results demonstrate that the DUKF-based observer effectively filters the sensor signals, accurately obtains the longitudinal and lateral velocities, explicitly isolates the faulty wheel(s) and accurately estimates the actual torque(s) even with the presence of noise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Distinguishing Surface OH and NHx Using TFAA Derivatization and XPS (2008)

Abstract TFAA has been used widely for the derivatization of hydroxyl groups in XPS of organic polymers. Unfortunately, in the presence of other nucleophilic groups at the surface like amino groups, these also react with TFAA and a quantification of the different functional group concentrations is impossible. It has been found that the TFAA derivatives of hydroxyl groups and amines, namely the trifluoroacetate and the trifluoroamide, respectively, can be distinguished by the BE of the CF 3 component in the C1s spectrum. While in a trifluoroacetamide the BE is about 292.3 eV, in a trifluoroacetate it can be as high as 294.2 eV in the case of densely packed hydroxyl groups. magnified image
Modeling radiative transfer in real gases: An assessment of existing methods in 2D enclosures (1999)

In order to model efficiently the radiative transfer in a real participating gas, various methods have been developed during the last few decades. Each method has its own formulation and leads to different accuracies and computation times. Most of the studies reported in the literature concern specific real gas models, and very few are devoted to an extended comparison of these models. The present study is a 2D assessment of some of the most up-to-date real gas methods: the cumulative-k method (CK), the statistical narrow-band model (SNB), two hybrid SNB-CK methods, the spectral line based weighted sum of gray gases method (SLW) and the exponential wide band model (EWB). Four cases are considered: one homogeneous and isothermal case with a single participating gas (H{sub 2}O), and one homogeneous and non-isothermal case with a mixture of CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O. Although the SNB and SNB-CK methods are the most accurate methods, the SLW method seems actually the best deal between accuracy and computation time.
Controllability, Observability and Structural Identifiability of Multi Input and Multi Output Biological Compartmental Systems (1976)

Controllability, observability and structural identifiability of biological compartmental systems of any structure are studied in order to evaluate the significance of a multi input-multi output experiment, that is, the a priori possibility of estimating the unknown system parameters through the chosen experiment.
3D-printing and the effect on medical costs: a new era? (2016)

3D-printing (3DP) is the art and science of printing in a new dimension using 3D printers to transform 3D computer aided designs (CAD) into life-changing products. This includes the design of more effective and patient-friendly pharmaceutical products as well as bio-inspired medical devices. It is poised as the next technology revolution for the pharmaceutical and medical-device industries. After decorous implementation scientists in collaboration with CAD designers have produced innovative medical devices ranging from pharmaceutical tablets to surgical transplants of the human face and skull, spinal implants, prosthetics, human organs and other biomaterials. While 3DP may be cost-efficient, a limitation exists in the availability of 3D printable biomaterials for most applications. In addition, the loss of skilled labor in producing medical devices such as prosthetics and other devices may affect developing economies. This review objectively explores the potential growth and impact of 3DP costs in the medical industry.
Optimizing photonic funnels for mid-IR NSOM tips (Conference Presentation) (2022)

Waveguides with extremely anisotropic metamaterial cores support propagating modes even when their cross section is deeply subwavelength. A funnel-shaped structure with microscale base, nanoscale tip, and hyperbolic core can therefore act as an efficient optical link between the diffraction-limited and subwavelength domains. In this work we analyze the potential applications of this platform for mid-IR near-field scanning optical microscopy. We present the relationship between the shape and composition of the funnels and the resulting compression of light, characterized by both the intensity and the spread of electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the funnel tip.
Detecting the Starting Frame of Actions in Video (2020)

In this work, we address the problem of precisely localizing key frames of an action, for example, the precise time that a pitcher releases a baseball, or the precise time that a crowd begins to applaud. Key frame localization is a largely overlooked and important action-recognition problem, for example in the field of neuroscience, in which we would like to understand the neural activity that produces the start of a bout of an action. To address this problem, we introduce a novel structured loss function that properly weights the types of errors that matter in such applications: it more heavily penalizes extra and missed action start detections over small misalignments. Our structured loss is based on the best matching between predicted and labeled action starts. We train recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to minimize differentiable approximations of this loss. To evaluate these methods, we introduce the Mouse Reach Dataset, a large, annotated video dataset of mice performing a sequence of actions. The dataset was collected and labeled by experts for the purpose of neuroscience research. On this dataset, we demonstrate that our method outperforms related approaches and baseline methods using an unstructured loss.
Wildlife Surveillance Associated with an Outbreak of Lethal H5N2 Avian Influenza in Domestic Poultry (1985)

Wildlife surveillance was conducted for influenza viruses in conjunction with the 1983-84 lethal H5N2 avian influenza epizootic in domestic poultry in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. Virus-isolation attempts made on cloacal and tracheal swabs from 4,466 birds and small rodents within the quarantined areas and 1,511 waterfowl in nearby Maryland yielded only a single H5N2 isolate from a pen-raised chukar in Pennsylvania. Antibodies against hemagglutinin type 5 and/or neuraminidase type 2 were found in 33% of the aquatic birds tested; however, this finding could not be used to confirm previous H5N2 avian influenza virus activity because of the possibility of prior infections with multiple influenza subtypes. The low prevalence of lethal H5N2 avian influenza virus in wild birds and small rodents strongly indicated that these animals were not responsible for dissemination of the disease among poultry farms during the outbreak.
Diabetic Nerve Conduction Abnormalities in the Primary Care Setting (2006)

This study suggests that automated NCS can provide nerve conduction confirmation of DPN in primary care settings and has clinical utility. These findings have important implications for the clinical and epidemiological evaluation of DPN.
Tumor-associated autoantibodies from mouse breast cancer models are found in serum of breast cancer patients (2021)

B cell responses to tumor antigens occur early in breast tumors and may identify immunogenic drivers of tumorigenesis. Sixty-two candidate antigens were identified prior to palpable tumor development in TgMMTV-neu and C3(1)Tag transgenic mouse mammary tumor models. Five antigens (VPS35, ARPC2, SERBP1, KRT8, and PDIA6) were selected because their decreased expression decreased survival in human HER2 positive and triple negative cell lines in a siRNA screen. Vaccination with antigen-specific epitopes, conserved between mouse and human, inhibited tumor growth in both transgenic mouse models. Increased IgG autoantibodies to the antigens were elevated in serum from women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC). The autoantibodies differentiated women with DCIS from control with AUC 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.98, p < 0.0001). The tumor antigens identified early in the development of breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor models were conserved in human disease, and potentially identify early diagnostic markers in human breast tumors.
Complete Genome Sequence of Petrimonas sp. Strain IBARAKI, Assembled from the Metagenome Data of a Culture Containing Dehalococcoides spp (2018)

The complete genome sequence of <i>Petrimonas</i> sp. strain IBARAKI in a <i>Dehalococcoides</i>-containing culture was determined using the PacBio RS II platform. The genome is a single circular chromosome of 3,693,233 nucleotides (nt), with a GC content of 44%. This is the first genome sequence of a <i>Petrimonas</i> species.
The Role of the Individualism-Collectivism Dimension in Distance Learning Environments: An Empirical Study (2009)

With increasing reliance on outsourcing, cross-cultural teams, distributed knowledge workers, and other international collaborations distance learning (DL) has become a key agent of strategic competitive advantage and organisational renewal. This study stresses the importance of culture to DL success. To effectively use DL, we must understand the role culture plays in conceptualizing, inventing, and adapting this technology. We focused on Hofstede's individualism-collectivism dimension and asked whether it impacts perceived Satisfaction and Learning Climate, known measures of DL effectiveness. We find that collectivistic groups enjoy more than individualistic groups the Learning Climate of a DL environment yet are not as Satisfied as individualistic groups with the overall results. We contend that this is because the open-endedness of asynchronous communication gives collectivistic groups simultaneously a sense of connectedness to their peers and a sense of disconnectedness from the instructor. Organizations will increase the benefits of DL by providing choices that embrace cultural differences.
GLUT3 inhibitor discovery through in silico ligand screening and in vivo validation in eukaryotic expression systems (2022)

The passive transport of glucose and related hexoses in human cells is facilitated by members of the glucose transporter family (GLUT, SLC2 gene family). GLUT3 is a high-affinity glucose transporter primarily responsible for glucose entry in neurons. Changes in its expression have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. GLUT3 inhibitors can provide new ways to probe the pathophysiological role of GLUT3 and tackle GLUT3-dependent cancers. Through in silico screening of an ~ 8 million compounds library against the inward- and outward-facing models of GLUT3, we selected ~ 200 ligand candidates. These were tested for in vivo inhibition of GLUT3 expressed in hexose transporter-deficient yeast cells, resulting in six new GLUT3 inhibitors. Examining their specificity for GLUT1-5 revealed that the most potent GLUT3 inhibitor (G3iA, IC<sub>50</sub> ~ 7 µM) was most selective for GLUT3, inhibiting less strongly only GLUT2 (IC<sub>50</sub> ~ 29 µM). None of the GLUT3 inhibitors affected GLUT5, three inhibited GLUT1 with equal or twofold lower potency, and four showed comparable or two- to fivefold better inhibition of GLUT4. G3iD was a pan-Class 1 GLUT inhibitor with the highest preference for GLUT4 (IC<sub>50</sub> ~ 3.9 µM). Given the prevalence of GLUT1 and GLUT3 overexpression in many cancers and multiple myeloma's reliance on GLUT4, these GLUT3 inhibitors may discriminately hinder glucose entry into various cancer cells, promising novel therapeutic avenues in oncology.
Assessment of Existing Data and Reports for System Evaluation (2000)

This report describes work done as part of the Weather Datalink Research project grant. We describe the work done under Task 1 of this project: the assessment of the suitability of available reports and data for use in evaluation of candidate weather datalink systems, and the development of a performance parameter set for comparative system evaluation. It was found that existing data and reports are inadequate for a complete physical layer characterization, but that these reports provide a good foundation for system comparison. In addition, these reports also contain some information useful for evaluation at higher layers. The performance parameter list compiled can be viewed as near complete-additional investigations, both analytical/simulation and experimental, will likely result in additions and improvements to this list.
Search for supersymmetry with photons inppcollisions ats=8  TeV (2015)

s p 8 TeV V. Khachatryan et al.
Impact of Cationic Impurities on Low-Pt Loading PEFC Cathodes (2015)

The effect of Ca 2+ ion contamination on a low-Pt loaded PEFC cathode (0.1 mg/cm 2 ) was investigated systematically. Calcium sulfate dissolved in water was injected at the cathode of a single cell in aerosol form under a constant current (1 A/cm 2 ). For comparison, a baseline test was also performed at the same conditions with deionized water. The performance decay rate for the baseline cell was 175 µV/h, whereas the CaSO 4 injected cell declined much faster with a decay rate of 804 µV/h. Electrochemical, physical and spectroscopical studies confirm that injecting CaSO 4 at the cathode affects the catalyst layer resulting in thinning, alters the GDL as salt deposits in the pores and no effect was seen in the polymer electrolyte membrane.
Multiple event localization in a sparse acoustic sensor network using UAVs as data mules (2012)

We report on a field demonstration of autonomous detection, localization, and verification of multiple acoustic events using sparsely deployed unattended ground sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as data mules, and a ground control interface. A novel algorithm is demonstrated to address the problem of multiple event acoustic source localization in the presence of false and missed detections. We also demonstrate an algorithm to route a UAV equipped with a radio to collect data from sparsely deployed ground sensors that takes advantage of the communication range of the aircraft while adhering to kinematic constraints of the UAV. A second UAV was utilized to provide video verification of localized events to a human operator at a ground control station.
MMI-based polarization beam splitter/combiner for InP photonic integrated circuits (2015)

An MMI-based polarization splitter/combiner with a TE-TM splitting ratio above 15 dB over a 21 nm wavelength range is demonstrated. The compact device is integrated in a photonic circuit within an InP multi-project wafer run.
Caustics of catadioptric cameras (2002)

Conventional vision systems and algorithms assume the camera to have a single viewpoint. However, sensors need not always maintain a single viewpoint. For instance, an incorrectly aligned system could cause non-single viewpoints. Also, systems could be designed to specifically deviate from a single viewpoint to trade-off image characteristics such as resolution and field of view. In these cases, the locus of viewpoints forms what is called a caustic. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of caustics of catadioptric cameras with conic reflectors. Properties of caustics with respect to field of view and resolution are presented. Finally, we present ways to calibrate conic catadioptric systems and estimate their caustics from known camera motion.
A nonstructural gag-encoded glycoprotein precursor is necessary for efficient spreading and pathogenesis of murine leukemia viruses (1994)

In addition to the Gag-Pol and Env precursors whose translation initiates at AUG codons, murine, feline, and simian type C oncoviruses also express glycosylated Gag-Pol precursors (glycoGag), glycoGag translation is initiated at CUG codons located upstream of the Gag AUG initiation codon. In contrast to Gag, glycoGag is translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum and is absent from virions. Since glycoGag has been described to be dispensable ex vivo, we investigated the in vivo effects of a glycoGag- mutation in the Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV). F-MuLV induces severe early hemolytic anemia and subsequent erythroleukemia within 2 months after inoculation of newborn mice. We obtained a glycoGag- F-MuLV, strain H5, by inserting an octanucleotide linker downstream of the CUG codon leading to the reading of a stop codon in all reading frames upstream of the Gag AUG. F-MuLV H5 did not induce severe early hemolytic anemia, and latency of erythroleukemia was significantly increased most likely because of an approximately 1-week delay in the in vivo spreading. Accordingly, induction of recombinant polytropic viruses was also significantly delayed. Close examination of ex vivo spreading kinetics also showed a slower dissemination of F-MuLV H5. Western blot (immunoblot) performed after inoculation of newborn mice with this glycoGag- virus indicated the emergence of new glycoGag+ viruses. PCR analyses with F-MuLV-specific primers demonstrated in vivo pseudoreversions restoring the glycoGag reading frame. Our results demonstrated that glycoGag expression is positively selected and essential for full spreading and pathogenic abilities.
Increased urinary excretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 during acute renal allograft rejection (1996)

These data suggest that urinary excretion of MCP-1 can be used as a marker for the episodes of acute rejection. The increase of urinary excretion of MCP-1 most likely is the result of local production by tubular epithelia cells. MCP-1 produced locally may, at least in part, be responsible for the influx of macrophages into the interstitium during rejection.
Efficient and Selective Palladium‐Catalysed C‐3 Urea Couplings to 3,5‐Dichloro‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones (2015)

Abstract The development of a robust palladium‐catalysed urea N ‐arylation protocol to install various ureas at the 3‐position of the 2(1 H )‐pyrazinone scaffold is described. The method involves Pd(OAc) 2 in combination with bidentate ligands, xantphos [4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene] in particular, and resulted in good to excellent coupling yields of aliphatic, aromatic, and sterically hindered ureas. Furthermore, the C‐3 chlorine was shown to be selectively displaced in the presence of aryl halide ureas, and this finding was supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This allows further diversification of the scaffold for the production of compound libraries. Overall, the protocol facilitates further exploitation of pyrazinones as beta‐sheet‐inducing scaffolds in the development of sophisticated peptidomimetics/protease inhibitors. This is exemplified here by the synthesis of a new pyrazinone‐based hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease inhibitor.
Study on Effects of Interfacial Anisotropy and Elastic Interaction on Morphology Evolution and Growth Kinetics of a Single Precipitate in Mg‐Al Alloy by Phase Field Modelling (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Phase Field Model Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
A digital neurosynaptic core using embedded crossbar memory with 45pJ per spike in 45nm (2011)

The grand challenge of neuromorphic computation is to develop a flexible brain-like architecture capable of a wide array of real-time applications, while striving towards the ultra-low power consumption and compact size of the human brain-within the constraints of existing silicon and post-silicon technologies. To this end, we fabricated a key building block of a modular neuromorphic architecture, a neurosynaptic core, with 256 digital integrate-and-fire neurons and a 1024×256 bit SRAM crossbar memory for synapses using IBM's 45nm SOI process. Our fully digital implementation is able to leverage favorable CMOS scaling trends, while ensuring one-to-one correspondence between hardware and software. In contrast to a conventional von Neumann architecture, our core tightly integrates computation (neurons) alongside memory (synapses), which allows us to implement efficient fan-out (communication) in a naturally parallel and event-driven manner, leading to ultra-low active power consumption of 45pJ/spike. The core is fully configurable in terms of neuron parameters, axon types, and synapse states and is thus amenable to a wide range of applications. As an example, we trained a restricted Boltzmann machine offline to perform a visual digit recognition task, and mapped the learned weights to our chip.
Utveckling av en e-utbildningsapplikation för mobiltelefoner (2008)

Webbproduktionsbyrån Houdini arbetar bland annat med framtagning av lösningar för elektronisk utbildning. Denna typ av utbildning baseras på elektroniska hjälpmedel och är ofta interaktiv. Tidigare arbetade Houdini mestadels med att ta fram eutbildningslösningar för datorer, men ville nu undersöka ett koncept med utbildning i mobiltelefoner. Det bestämdes att en applikationsprototyp för mobiltelefoner skulle utvecklas baserat på iterativ och användarcentrerad systemdesign. En prototyp togs fram som fortlöpande vidareutvecklades med hjälp av inkrementell och evolutionär prototypframställning, den testades sedan kontinuerligt med användare under utvecklingen. Resultatet av arbetet blev en mobilapplikation där användare kan titta på utbildningsfilmer som strömmas till mobiltelefonen över Internet. Under utbildningen finns det möjlighet att genomföra övningar, och efter utbildningen genomförs ett test som bestämmer om användaren blivit godkänd på utbildningen eller ej. Systemet som utvecklades visar att tekniken idag är tillräckligt mogen för att kunna användas i en e-utbildningsapplikation för mobiltelefoner. Vad som saknas är företag som är villiga att satsa på konceptet.