gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrone spin traps and their pyrrolidine analogs in myocardial reperfusion injury : hemodynamic and ESR implications (1998)

Formation of free radicals during reperfusion of the isolated ischemic heart has often been demonstrated by detecting hydroxyl radical spin adducts of the nitrone 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) in coronary effluents. However, questions still remain regarding (a) whether the reported cardiovascular effects of nitrone perfusion may affect the formation of spin adducts, and (b) the primary generation of superoxide (O2.-), because of the short persistency of O2.-/DMPO spin adduct. We therefore compared the effects of perfusing 5 mM of two nitrones, DMPO and 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO) or the two structurally related pyrrolidines, diethyl (2-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) phosphonate (DEPMPH) and pyrrolidine (PyH), on postischemic functional recovery of rat hearts subjected to 10 min of low-flow ischemia, 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. All compounds were added to the perfusate before ischemia, throughout low-flow ischemia and during the initial 10 min of reflow. In one additional group, hearts received DEPMPO only at reflow. Hemodynamic and in vitro ESR evidence is presented indicating that the phosphonate group of DEPMPO and DEPMPH confers these molecules with an enhanced cardioprotective efficacy, unrelated to radical scavenging, acting in synergy with the intrinsic radical trapping effects of the nitronyl group. Continuous-flow ESR spin trapping using 5.7 mM DEPMPO administered at reflow, but not before ischemia, demonstrated for the first time extended formation of O2.- in the reperfused myocardium.
Miniaturization of Archimedean spiral antenna for wideband beamforming arrays (2018)

Abstract This paper proposes a compact spiral antenna with an improved bandwidth and miniaturized radiator for 3:1 (2‐6 GHz) wideband antenna beamforming arrays. The proposed antenna is composed of an Archimedean spiral antenna (ASA) with an annular ring and additional dielectric substrates with a circular hole. The spiral and ring radiators are printed between two substrates made of FR‐4, with a dielectric constant of 4.5 and thickness of 1.524 mm. The size of the antenna is 30 mm × 30 mm × 3.048 mm (0.2λ × 0.2λ × 0.02λ at the lowest frequency). The reduction rate of size is up to 15% compared with a conventional ASA using an annular ring, and it also has low‐profile characteristics.
Online Monitoring of Aerosolized Bacterial Spores (2002)

2001 have highlighted the need for new methods of detecting bioaerosols including airborne Bacillus anthracis spores. Current methods of bacterial spore (endospore) detection, such as colony counting and PCR, require trained personnel for sampling and analysis. The labor requirement obviates these methods for continuous, online endospore monitoring; it would be like firemen inspecting your home periodically to ensure that there is no fire. Here we report a method for automated monitoring of airborne endospores, which combines an aerosol capture technique with endospore detection based on terbium luminescence turn-on. Endospores can be formed by certain bacteria during times of stress or lack of nutrients. This dormant bacterial form can survive harsh conditions such as boiling, freezing, and des icca t ion tha t readily kill vegetative bacteria [1]. Indeed, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis spores are used to check the performance of autoclaves. Two spore-forming genera of medical importance, Bacillus and Clostridium, are the causative agents of anthrax, tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene. The fact that endospores are so durable is the primary reason for time-consuming and expensive sterilization procedures employed in hospitals, canneries, and other food preparation facilities. Although the vegetative cells of endosporeforming bacteria are most commonly found in the soil, endospores exist almost everywhere, including the atmosphere, where they are frequently carried on dust particles [2]. Online monitoring of aerosol ized bacter ia l spores is essential in locations such as mail sorting, food preparation, and heal thcare faci l i t ies . Among the desired characteristics for bacterial spore alarm systems are online operation, minimal maintenance, few false alarms, and no false negatives. Methods for bioaerosol sampling [3], [4] such as filtering, suspending, or impacting, coupled to methods of monitoring such as PCR analysis of gene segments [5], culturing and analysis of the colonies using standard microbiolocal assays (e.g., shape, staining), pyrolysis-GC-IMS [6], or fluores-
Acriflavine, a clinically aproved drug, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses (2021)

S ummary The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been socially and economically devastating. Despite an unprecedented research effort, effective therapeutics are still missing to limit severe disease and mortality. Using high-throughput screening, we identified acriflavine as a potent papain-like protease (PL pro ) inhibitor. NMR titrations and a co-crystal structure confirm that acriflavine blocks the PL pro catalytic pocket in an unexpected binding mode. We show that the drug inhibits viral replication at nanomolar concentration in cellular models, in vivo in mice and ex vivo in human airway epithelia, with broad range activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses. Considering that acriflavine is an inexpensive drug approved in some countries, it may be immediately tested in clinical trials and play an important role during the current pandemic and future outbreaks.
Energy-aware user selection and power allocation for cooperative communication system with guaranteed quality-of-service (2011)

Energy consumption in wireless communication system is rapidly increasing due to the growth in wireless multimedia access. Combating the adverse effects of excessive energy consumption demands for energy-aware system design called green communication, which has become the major focus of many researchers recently. In this paper, we propose user selection and power allocation schemes for a multi-user multi-relay cooperative cellular system in order to minimize the cost of transmission. In the proposed schemes, the cost function is first formulated with the objective of optimizing the sum power consumption. Then it is extended to a more general multi-objective optimization scheme which jointly optimizes the sum power and throughput. The former scheme makes the system energy efficient, while the latter scheme keeps a balance between energy efficiency and throughput. In both of the schemes, quality-of-service is guaranteed in terms of end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. Numerical results are also presented to confirm the system performance enhancement with the proposed schemes.
1937 An Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of High Temperature Air Combustion (2007)

An experimental investigation of high temperature air combustion was conducted in terms of the effect of the distance between the fuel and air nozzles on NO_x emission at different preheated temperatures and oxygen concentrations of the oxidizer in the configuration of cylindrical furnace. Highly preheated oxidizer was injected in the furnace through an oxidizer nozzle positioned at the center of the base of the cylindrical furnace. Propane was injected through three different sets of fuel nozzles, one set working at a time. As a result, the emission of NO_x decreased with the distance between the fuel nozzles and the oxidizer nozzle. At lower preheating temperatures and lower O_2 concentrations of the oxidizer, the emission of NO_x tends to become lower. The scaling law including the effect of recirculation in cylindrical furnace is proposed.
Recording spatial audio signals for interactive broadcast systems (2011)

Spatial audio processing is a key feature of the European funded FascinatE project. The FascinatE project will develop a system to allow end-users to interactively navigate and view around an ultra-high resolution video panorama showing a live event, with the accompanying audio automatically changing to match the selected view. The output will be adapted to their particular kind of device, covering anything from a mobile handset to an immersive panoramic display. The audio part of this project makes a spatial sound description available to the user. The facilitated technologies include Higher Order Ambisonics as well as Wave Field Synthesis. For Ambisonics, sound field information is recorded using microphone arrays like the SoundField microphone for first order signals or the Eigenmike for Higher Order Ambisonics representations. A Premier League match at the Stamford Bridge, London, was captured to provide audio-visual content form a live event. For the audio recording a number of standard microphones, shotguns, a SoundField microphone, and an Eigenmike were used. This contribution addresses the signal processing theory as well as practical aspects of spatial audio recordings. The theoretical part includes the processing of Higher Order Ambisonics signals for signal manipulation and adaptation to the visual content, as well as the detection of sound events from shotgun microphones for Wave Field Synthesis processing. The practical part covers the positioning of the microphones, noise problems and a basic rating of the recorded signals.
Score-Informed Transcription For Automatic Piano Tutoring (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Assigning Oxidation States to Organic Compounds via Predictions from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Discussion of Approaches and Recommended Improvements (2013)

The traditional assignment of oxidation states to organic molecules is problematic. Accordingly, in 1999, Calzaferri proposed a simple and elegant solution that is based on the similar electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen: hydrogen would be assigned an oxidation state of zero when bonded to carbon. Here, we show that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a core electron spectroscopy that is sensitive to oxidation states of elements, generally agrees with his suggestion. We also list the typical (IUPAC) rules for assigning oxidation states, review recent suggestions of Loock and Steinborn that are based on Pauling’s earlier approach, discuss the traditional (IUPAC and Pauling–Loock–Steinborn) assignments of oxidation states to organic molecules, review Calzaferri’s suggestion, introduce X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), show the general agreement of Calzaferri’s suggestion with XPS results, provide supporting examples from the literature, and discuss the limitations of Calzaferri’s recommendation vis-à-vis XPS results. We conclude by recommending that either (i) Calzaferri’s suggestion be implemented into the current IUPAC rules or (ii) the Loock definition be explanded to deal specifically with atoms with similar electronegativities.
The Effect of Stereo Display Deficiencies on Virtual Hand Pointing (2019)

The limitations of stereo display systems affect depth perception, e.g., due to the vergence-accommodation conflict or diplopia. We performed three studies to understand how stereo display deficiencies impact 3D pointing for targets in front of a screen and close to the user, i.e., in peripersonal space. Our first two experiments compare movements with and without a change in visual depth for virtual respectively physical targets. Results indicate that selecting targets along the depth axis is slower and has less throughput for virtual targets, while physical pointing demonstrates the opposite result. We then propose a new 3D extension for Fitts' law that models the effect of stereo display deficiencies. Next, our third experiment verifies the model and measures more broadly how the change in visual depth between targets affects pointing performance in peripersonal space and confirms significant effects on time and throughput. Finally, we discuss implications for 3D user interface design.
Effect of Nitrogen Defects on Pt Nanoparticle Dispersion and Stability Studied by Electron Microscopy Paired with Machine Learning Image Processing for Probing Catalyst–Support Interactions (2023)

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are on the rise as a commercial technology, although Pt catalyst utilization and stability remain a challenge. N-doped carbon supports offer the opportunity to improve catalyst–support interactions, but there is limited understanding of the effects of various nitrogen functionalities on nucleation and the stabilization of Pt catalyst nanoparticles (NPs). This work uses a series of N-doped carbons with varying N chemistries and Pt NPs produced via a polyol method to investigate the effects of nitrogen on Pt catalyst that is deposited as externally nucleated and grown NPs. Samples were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify trends related to nitrogen speciation. TEM analysis was employed to investigate effects of nitrogen on nucleation of Pt NPs and their stability when subjected to accelerated stress testing up to 10000 cycles using identical-location TEM setup. Systematic incorporation of high throughput machine-learning-based imaging analysis paired with identical location microscopy uncovered several mechanistic insights relevant to catalysis and fuel cells applications. Within the study’s sample set, graphitic-N-rich carbons resulted in better dispersion of Pt NPs. However, these same graphitic-N-rich NC samples demonstrated significant instability, with a high degree of dissolution and some migration that correlated with a higher amount of graphitic N content. It was also found that the pyridinic-rich samples resulted in a mixed degradation mechanism where both migration and dissolution mechanisms were prominent throughout aging.
T-cell–restricted T-bet overexpression induces aberrant hematopoiesis of myeloid cells and impairs function of macrophages in the lung (2014)

Although overexpression of T-bet, a master transcription factor in type-1 helper T lymphocytes, has been reported in several hematologic and immune diseases, its role in their pathogenesis is not fully understood. In the present study, we used transgenic model mice (T-bet(tg/wt) and T-bet(tg/tg)) to investigate the effects of T-bet overexpression selectively in T lymphocytes on the development of hematologic and immune diseases. The results showed that T-bet overexpression in T cells spontaneously induced maturation arrest in the mononuclear phagocyte lineage, as well as spontaneous dermatitis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)-like disease in T-bet(tg/wt) and T-bet(tg/tg) mice, respectively. T-bet(tg/tg) alveoli with the PAP phenotype showed remarkable reorganization of alveolar mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations and impaired function, in addition to augmented T-cell infiltration. In addition, PAP development in T-bet(tg/tg) mice was found to be associated with increased migration of myeloid cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood. These findings reveal an unexpected link between T-bet overexpression in T lymphocytes and the development of PAP caused by reorganization of mononuclear phagocytes in the lung, and provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of secondary PAP accompanied by hematologic disorders.
SmaQ: Smart Quantization for DNN Training by Exploiting Value Clustering (2021)

Advancements in modern deep learning have shown that deeper networks with larger datasets can achieve state of the art results in many different tasks. As networks become deeper, the memory requirement of neural network training proves to be the primary bottleneck of single-machine training. In this letter, we first study the characteristics of neural network weight, gradient, feature map, gradient map, and optimizer state distributions for some popular neural network architectures. Our investigation shows that the majority of the data structures used by neural networks can have their value distributions be approximated with normal distributions. We then introduce Smart Quantization (SmaQ), a quantization scheme that exploits this observed normal distribution to quantize the data structures. Our dynamic quantization method calculates the sampled mean and standard deviation of tensors and quantizes each tensor element to 6 or 8 bits based on the z-score of that value. Our scheme reduces the memory usage during training by up to 6.7x with minor losses in accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion of Acetylenes into Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds Catalyzed by Rhodium‐Trimethylphosphine Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elucidating the Reaction Mechanism of Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 with a Series of Al(CH3)xCl3–x and Al(CyH2y+1)3 Precursors (2022)

The adsorption of metalorganic and metal halide precursors on the SiO<sub>2</sub> surface plays an essential role in thin-film deposition processes such as atomic layer deposition (ALD). In the case of aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) films, the growth characteristics are influenced by the precursor structure, which controls both chemical reactivity and the geometrical constraints during deposition. In this work, a systematic study using a series of Al(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cl<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 1, 2, and 3) and Al(C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>y</i>+1</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<i>y</i> = 1, 2, and 3) precursors is carried out using a combination of experimental spectroscopic techniques together with density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to analyze differences across precursor molecules. Results show that reactivity and steric hindrance mutually influence the ALD surface reaction. The increase in the number of chlorine ligands in the precursor shifts the deposition temperature higher, an effect attributed to more favorable binding of the intermediate species due to higher Lewis acidity, while differences between precursors in film growth per cycle are shown to originate from variations in adsorption activation barriers and size-dependent saturation coverage. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results indicates that the Al(C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub>2<i>y</i>+1</sub>)<sub>3</sub> precursors are favored to undergo two ligand exchange reactions upon adsorption at the surface, whereas only a single Cl-ligand exchange reaction is energetically favorable upon adsorption by the AlCl<sub>3</sub> precursor. By pursuing the first-principles design of ALD precursors combined with experimental analysis of thin-film growth, this work enables a robust understanding of the effect of precursor chemistry on ALD processes.
Microenvironment-Mediated Bim Down-Regulation through Induction of Microrna-181a Protects Cells From Apoptosis In Mantle-Cell and Other Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphomas (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3118 Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), essential components of the lymph node microenvironment, regulate and support B lymphocyte differentiation, survival, and lymphoma progression. Here, we demonstrated that adhesion of mantle cell and other non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells to FDCs reduced cell apoptosis, associated with decreased levels of Bim, a pro-apoptotic protein. Bim down-regulation was epigenetically regulated via up-regulation of microRNA-181a (miR-181a). miR-181a overexpression decreased, whereas miR-181a inhibition increased Bim levels by directly targeting Bim. Furthermore, we found that cell adhesion-up-regulated miR-181a contributes to FDC-mediated cell survival through Bim down-regulation, implicating miR-181a as an upstream effector of the Bim-apoptosis signaling pathway. miR-181a inhibition and Bim up-regulation significantly suppressed FDC-mediated protection against apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines and primary lymphoma cells. Thus, FDCs protect B-cell lymphoma cells against apoptosis, in part through activation of a miR-181a-dependent mechanism involving down-regulation of Bim expression. We demonstrate, for the first time, that cell-cell contact controls tumor cell survival and apoptosis via microRNA in mantle cell and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Regulation of microRNAs by B-cell-FDC interaction may support B-cell survival, representing a novel molecular mechanism for cell-adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) and a potential therapeutic target in B-cell lymphomas. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Corrosion Resistance of Hot Dip Zn-Mg Galvanized Steel Sheet (2003)

Hot dip Zn-Mg galvanized steel sheet having excellent corrosion resistance was developed aiming to elongate the life time of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet. This pre-coated steel sheet also revealed the customers cost down due to the reduction of post-dip galvanized process. It has excellent corrosion performance in various corrosion tests and atmospheric exposure tests especially improves corrosion resistance in salt damaged area, which are problematic now. And, it has superior sliding abrasion in forming due to the relative high surface hardness. Therefore, this coated steel sheet has a promising future as a environmentally-harmonizing and resource-saving coated steel sheet. The microstructure and corrosion behavior of hot dip Zn-Mg galvanized steel sheet were also investigated by some surface analysis, corrosion tests and electrochemical methods. The corrosion products of Zn-Mg were more compact and stable than that of Zn. For instance, in the case of test environment containing relative high Cl, ZnCl2·4Zn(OH)2 formed on Zn-Mg coatings was very stable for a long time. Especially, cathodic reaction (oxygen reduction reaction) was restricted according to the polarization curve.
Case 31-2006 (2006)

A girl had been severely obese since early childhood. She had been adopted in infancy, and her adoptive parents and siblings had normal weights. Numerous programs had failed to produce sustained weight loss. She had problems with snoring, insomnia, somnambulation, daytime sleepiness, and depression. Management options were discussed.
Modeling of an Inverted Drift Tube for Improved Mobility Analysis of Aerosol Particles (2017)

A new mobility particle analyzer, which has been termed Inverted Drift Tube, has been modeled analytically as well as numerically and proven to be a very capable instrument. The basis for the new design have been the shortcomings of the previous ion mobility spectrometers, in particular (a) diffusional broadening which leads to degradation of instrument resolution and (b) inadequate low and fixed resolution (not mobility dependent) for large sizes. To overcome the diffusional broadening and have a mobility based resolution, the IDT uses two varying controllable opposite forces, a flow of gas with velocity v <sub>gas</sub> , and a linearly increasing electric field that opposes the movement. A new parameter, the separation ratio Λ = v <sub>drift</sub> /v <sub>gas</sub> , is employed to determine the best possible separation for a given set of nanoparticles. Due to the system's need to operate at room pressure, two methods of capturing the ions at the end of the drift tube have been developed, Intermittent Push Flow for a large range of mobilities, and Nearly-Stopping Potential Separation, with very high separation but limited only to a narrow mobility range. A chromatography existing concept of resolving power is used to differentiate between peak resolution in the IDT and acceptable separation between similar mobility sizes.