gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3616: A Novel Model of Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in New Zealand White Rabbits: Microcatheter Occlusion of the Posterior Cerebral Artery (2012)

Introduction: The rabbit small clot embolic model for large vessel occlusion (LVO) is well established, yet remains with limitations. Blind introduction of autologous thrombus often fails to occlude the target vessel, and when successful, the precise timing of occlusion and revascularization are difficult to control. Studies of cellular biology and neuroimaging of acute reversible cerebral ischemia (i.e., penumbral tissue) would benefit from a rabbit model in which LVO can be reliably induced and easily confirmed, where the time of occlusion and revascularization can be precisely controlled. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that microcatheterization of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in New Zealand white rabbits (NZWRs) would result in LVO, with time of revascularization controlled by microcatheter removal. We hypothesized that transient LVO would produce ischemia in subcortical structures supplied by the PCA (e.g., hippocampus), sparing the cortex, with longer duration LVO leading to irreversible cortical ischemia. Methods: Transfemoral 1.5F microcatheterization of the PCA was performed in anesthetized NZWRs using fluoroscopic guidance. LVO was maintained for 30 minutes (n=2), 60 minutes (n=2), 180 minutes (n=2) and 210 minutes (n=1), followed by microcatheter removal and reperfusion. Neuroimaging was obtained 3 hours later with MRI (3T DWI, FLAIR, gradient and perfusion sequences) and CT (64 slice noncontrast and perfusion imaging). Post-mortem histologic analysis of infarct was assessed using triphenyltetrazolium choloride (TTC) stain. Matched DWI and TTC sections were analyzed using ImageJ software. Results: Percent infarct of matched DWI and TTC sections was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.86). Transient LVO of 30-60 minutes resulted in infarction of the ipsilateral hippocampus and thalamus, sparing the cortex, while more prolonged LVO (180-210 minutes) led to cortical infarction as well. Conclusions: Image-guided microcatheter induction of LVO in NZW rabbits can reliably produce time-dependent infarction of cortical and subcortical structures, and thus may be a useful model for the study of penumbral cortical tissue.
The history of fever, leukocytic pyrogen and interleukin-1 (2015)

There has been great progress in the 30 y since the reporting in 1984 of the cDNA for interleukin1 (IL1) β in the human and IL1α in the mouse. However, the history of IL1 begins in the early 1940s with investigations into the nature of an endogenous fever-producing protein released rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Most researchers in immunology today are unaware that the field of cytokines, particularly the field of inflammatory cytokines. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity traces back to studies on fever. Researchers in infectious diseases wanted to know about an endogenous protein that caused fever, independent of infection. The endogenous fever-producing protein was called by various names: granulocyte, endogenous or leukocytic pyrogen. It is a fascinating and sometimes controversial story for biology and medicine and for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Few imagined that this fever-producing protein would play such a major role in nearly every cell and in most diseases. This paper reviews the true background and milestones of interleukin1 from the purification of leukocytic pyrogen to the first cDNA of IL1β and the validation of cytokine biology from ill-defined factors to its present day importance.
Nanobubble Facilitated Optoporation and Photoacoustic Imaging of BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells (2018)

Permeabilization of the cell membrane can be achieved through techniques such as sonoporation and microinjection. An alternative method is optoporation that uses tightly focused laser pulses typically from femtosecond lasers. Localized damage/modification of the plasma membrane has been shown using light absorbing nanoparticles heated with short laser pulses. In this work, we use targeted nanobubbles stained with Sudan Black B for purposes of enhancing optoporation without using femtosecond lasers as well as a contrast agent for photoacoustic microscopy. Nanobubbles were targeted with antibody Herceptin and added to each petri dish before being incubated for 4 hours before photoacoustic imaging. Fluorescence microscopy was used to confirm presence of the nanobubbles using DiO lipid stain. The photoacoustic microscope is equipped with a 400MHz transducer and 532nm laser focused through a 10x objective. The focal spots of laser and transducer were co-aligned and a portion of the leaser beam was directed to a joulemeter for energy measurement. Propidium Iodide was used to detect poration where uptake was not seen in healthy cells but uptake was seen as early as 7 minutes in nanobubble loaded cells. PA signals were detected from cells loaded with NBs and were not from the control group.
Nanobody-Based Targeting of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor for Effective In Vivo Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2012)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are an important component of the tumor stroma and exert several tumor-promoting activities. Strongly pro-angiogenic TAMs that reside in hypoxic tumor areas highly express macrophage mannose receptor (MMR, CD206). In this study, we targeted MMR+ TAMs using nanobodies, which are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from Camelidae heavy-chain antibodies. MMR-specific nanobodies stained TAMs in lung and breast tumor single-cell suspensions in vitro, and intravenous injection of 99mTc-labeled anti-MMR nanobodies successfully targeted tumor in vivo. Retention of the nanobody was receptor-specific and absent in MMR-deficient mice. Importantly, co-injection of excess unlabeled, bivalent anti-MMR nanobodies reduced nanobody accumulation in extratumoral organs to background levels, without compromising tumor uptake. Within tumors, the 99mTc-labeled nanobodies specifically labeled MMR+ TAMs, as CCR2-deficient mice that contain fewer TAMs showed significantly reduced tumor uptake. Further, anti-MMR nanobodies accumulated in hypoxic regions, thus targeting pro-angiogenic MMR+ TAMs. Taken together, our findings provide preclinical proof of concept that anti-MMR nanobodies can be used to selectively target and image TAM subpopulations in vivo.
Wireless chip-to-chip communication in three-dimensional integrated circuits using microbump antennas (2013)

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3-D ICs) present the possibility of high performance computing networks. Complicated wired data communication between 3-D ICs in such networks limits the overall computing performance. Wireless data communication between 3-D ICs can be used to alleviate the latency, flexibility, and expandability issues faced by wired communication. We present a hybrid 3-D IC structure that uses both wireless and wired communications. The wireless communication uses a novel meandering microbump antenna. Simulations show that the proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth (28.3 GHz), allowing high wireless data capacity in several tens of Gbps. The compact size of the antenna and the high wireless data capacity demonstrate the feasibility of a hybrid wired/wireless 3-D IC structure.
Joint Optimization of 3D Placement and Radio Resource Allocation for Per-UAV Sum Rate Maximization (2023)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have emerged as a practical solution that provides on-demand services to users in areas where the terrestrial network is non-existent or temporarily unavailable, e.g., due to natural disasters or network congestion. In general, UAVs' user-serving capacity is typically constrained by their limited battery life and the finite communication resources that highly impact their performance. This work considers the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) enabled multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAV) communication systems to provide on-demand services. The main aim of this work is to derive an efficient technique for the allocation of radio resources, 3D placement of UAVs, and user association matrices. To achieve the desired objectives, we decoupled the original joint optimization problem into two sub-problems: (i) 3D placement and user association and (ii) sum-rate maximization for optimal radio resource allocation, which are solved iteratively. The proposed iterative algorithm is shown via numerical results to achieve fast convergence speed after fewer than 10 iterations. The benefits of the proposed design are demonstrated via superior sum-rate performance compared to existing reference designs. Moreover, results showed that the optimal power and sub-carrier allocation help to mitigate the inter-cell interference that directly impacts the system's performance.
Applicability, usability, and limitations of murine embryonic imaging with optical coherence tomography and optical projection tomography (2016)

We present an analysis of imaging murine embryos at various embryonic developmental stages (embryonic day 9.5, 11.5, and 13.5) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical projection tomography (OPT). We demonstrate that while OCT was capable of rapid high-resolution live 3D imaging, its limited penetration depth prevented visualization of deeper structures, particularly in later stage embryos. In contrast, OPT was able to image the whole embryos, but could not be used in vivo because the embryos must be fixed and cleared. Moreover, the fixation process significantly altered the embryo morphology, which was quantified by the volume of the eye-globes before and after fixation. All of these factors should be weighed when determining which imaging modality one should use to achieve particular goals of a study.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis Using Diisopropyl Tartrate Modified (E)‐ and (Z)‐Crotylboronates: Preparation of the Chiral Crotylboronates and Reactions with Achiral Aldehydes. (1990)

Abstract The title boronates (IV) undergo highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective reactions with aldehydes, e.g. (V).
Averaging analysis of local stability of a real constant modulus algorithm adaptive filter (1988)

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) of adaptive filtering was developed for usage when the modulus of the desired signal is known, but its specific value at every sample instant is not known. A real-arithmetic version of CMA was recently proposed, and studied using simulations, by J.R. Treichler and M.G. Larimore (ibid., vol.ASSP-33, p.420-31, Apr. 1985). Local stability of their arithmetic version of CMA is proven in two applications: channel equalization for a transmitted sequence of plus and minus ones, and the separation of a sinusoidal signal from its sum with a number of sinusoidal interferers at separate frequencies. The proofs utilize dynamic system stability theorems from averaging theory, which is a technique currently being utilized in the stability analysis of a variety of adaptive systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficiently supporting fault-tolerance in FPGAs (1998)

While system reliability is conventionally achieved through component replication, we have developed a fault-tolerance approach for FPGA-based systems that comes at a reduced cost in terms of design time, volume, and weight. We partition the physical design into a set of tiles. In response to a component failure, we capitalize on the unique reconfiguration capabilities of FPGAs and replace the affected tile with a functionally equivalent tile that does not rely on the faulty component. Unlike fixed structure fault-tolerance techniques for ASICs and microprocessors, this approach allows a single physical component to provide redundant backup for several types of components. Experimental results conducted on a subset of the MCNC benchmarks demonstrate a high level of realiability with low timing and hardware overhead.
Renal innervation plays no role in oxygen-dependent control of erythropoietin mRNA levels (1992)

To assess the role of renal innervation in O2-dependent control of erythropoietin (EPO) formation, we have determined EPO mRNA levels in both kidneys of unilaterally denervated rats and sham-operated controls using RNase protection. To investigate whether possible effects of renal nerve input are related to the type of hypoxic stimulus and the degree of stimulation, animals were studied under basal conditions, after exposure to normobaric hypoxia (8% O2, 4 h) or CO (0.1%, 4 h), and after acute hemorrhage (decrease in hematocrit from 40.8 +/- 0.5 to 12.7 +/- 0.5% within 7 h; mean +/- SE, n = 6). Serum EPO levels rose on average 22-, 49-, and 48-fold under the three stimuli and were unaffected by unilateral denervation. Renal EPO mRNA levels in unilaterally denervated animals, when expressed in arbitrary units revealed by comparison with an external standard, were 7.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 6.3 +/- 2.0 (normoxia), 432 +/- 136 vs. 451 +/- 156 (normobaric hypoxia), 971 +/- 93 vs. 930 +/- 120 (CO), and 604 +/- 170 vs. 689 +/- 203 (hemorrhagic anemia) in the intact vs. the denervated kidney (mean +/- SE, n = 3). Furthermore, there was no difference between EPO mRNA levels of either kidney of unilaterally denervated animals and levels in sham-operated controls. We conclude that renal nerve input plays no significant role in the control of the EPO gene under both basal and stimulated conditions.
How anti-brain antibodies access the bran and alter behavior and cognition (2023)

Antibodies can target brain antigens but are not harmful to the host unless they enter brain parenchyma. An adult human or mouse has a blood brain barrier that excludes immunoglobulin from entering brain parenchyma. In the adult host, insults to barrier integrity allow IgG to penetrate brain tissue. These insults have regional specificity so that the same antibody can lead to a distinct cognitive or behavioral abnormality depending on the site of blood brain barrier breach. During fetal development there is a period of time when maternal IgG crosses the placenta, and the fetal blood brain barrier is not yet mature. During this time, maternal antibody can have an impact on fetal brain development which may be sex specific and may have long term consequences. Learning to regulate the blood brain barrier and to prevent placental transport of maternal brain-reactive antibodies may be neuroprotective for many conditions.
Spectral and Temporal Properties of a Microresonator Optical Frequency Comb (2012)

We characterize the spectral and temporal properties of a parametric frequency comb generated in a silicon nitride microring resonator. We observe a transition to low RF amplitude noise state indicating phase-locking of the comb.
The carbon assimilation pathways of Methylococcus capsulatus, Pseudomonas methanica and Methylosinus trichosporium (OB3B) during growth on methane (1974)

d-arabino-3-Hexulose 6-phosphate was prepared by condensation of formaldehyde with ribulose 5-phosphate in the presence of 3-hexulose phosphate synthase from methane-grown Methylococcus capsulatus. The 3-hexulose phosphate was unstable in solutions of pH greater than 3, giving a mixture of products in which, after dephosphorylation, allulose and fructose were detected. A complete conversion of d-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde into d-fructose 6-phosphate was demonstrated in the presence of 3-hexulose phosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (prepared from methane-grown M. capsulatus). d-Allulose 6-phosphate was prepared from d-allose by way of d-allose 6-phosphate. No evidence was found for its metabolism by extracts of M. capsulatus, thus eliminating it as an intermediate in the carbon assimilation process of this organism. A survey was made of the enzymes involved in the regeneration of pentose phosphate during C(1) assimilation via a modified pentose phosphate cycle. On the basis of the presence of the necessary enzymes, two alternative routes for cleavage of fructose 6-phosphate are suggested, one route involves fructose diphosphate aldolase and the other 6-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase. A detailed formulation of the complete ribulose monophosphate cycle of formaldehyde fixation is presented. The energy requirements for carbon assimilation by this cycle are compared with those for the serine pathway and the ribulose diphosphate cycle of carbon dioxide fixation. A cyclic scheme for oxidation of formaldehyde via 6-phosphogluconate is suggested.
Low delay and large effective area few-mode fibers for mode-division multiplexing (2012)

We report graded index few mode fiber designs for mode-division multiplexing and demonstrate a 100-km few-mode fiber span with effective areas larger than 160 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and differential mode group delay of less than 6 ps/km.
Tolerance in transgenic mice expressing class II major histocompatibility complex on pancreatic acinar cells. (1989)

To study the nature of tolerance to antigens not expressed by cells of the lymphoid system, expression of class II MHC I-E was targeted to the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas in transgenic mice (elastase [EL]-I-E). Despite the absence of detectable I-E in the thymus of EL-I-E transgenic mice, both thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes were tolerant to I-E, and the pancreas was free of autoimmune infiltrates. Nontolerant T cells adoptively transferred into irradiated or T-depleted transgenic mice rapidly destroy the I-E+ components of the pancreas; however, adoptive transfer of nontolerant T lymphocytes into nonirradiated transgenic mice do not. These results suggest that tolerance in transgenic mice is maintained by some peripheral tolerance mechanism. However, further studies indicate that tolerance in transgenic mice is not maintained by specific Ts cells. For example, cell mixing experiments both in vitro and in vivo fail to reveal dominant unresponsiveness. Furthermore, nontolerant T cells injected into otherwise unmanipulated EL-I-E mice can be primed in situ (by injections of I-E+ spleen cells) to destroy the I-E+ acinar cells.
Development of Tolerance to Chronic Intermittent Furosemide Therapy in Pediatric Patients (2017)

Pediatric patients appear to develop tolerance to chronic intermittent furosemide therapy.
Lymphocyte-Depleted Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group (2011)

LDCHL has a different pattern from other HL subtypes with more clinical risk factors at initial diagnosis and significantly poorer prognosis. Patients with LDCHL should be treated with modern dose-intense treatment strategies.
Review of three-dimensional holographic imaging by multiple-viewpoint-projection based methods (2009)

Methods of generating multiple viewpoint projection holograms of three-dimensional (3-D) realistic objects illuminated by incoherent white light are reviewed in this paper. Using these methods, it is possible to obtain holograms with a simple digital camera, operating in regular light conditions. Thus, most disadvantages characterizing conventional digital holography, namely the need for a powerful, highly coherent laser and extreme stability of the optical system, are avoided. The proposed holographic processes are composed of two stages. In the first stage, regular intensity-based images of the 3-D scene are captured from multiple points of view by a simple digital camera. In the second stage, the acquired projections are digitally processed to yield the complex digital hologram of the 3-D scene, where no interference is involved in the process. For highly reflecting 3-D objects, the resulting hologram is equivalent to an optical hologram of the objects recorded from the central point of view. We first review various methods to acquire the multiple viewpoint projections. These include the use of a microlens array and a macrolens array, as well as digitally generated projections that are not acquired optically. Next, we show how to digitally process the acquired projections to Fourier, Fresnel, and image holograms. Additionally, to obtain certain advantages over the known types of holograms, the proposed hybrid optical-digital process can yield novel types of holograms such as the modified Fresnel hologram and the protected correlation hologram. The prospective goal of these methods is to facilitate the design of a simple and portable digital holographic camera that can be useful for a variety of practical applications, including 3-D video acquisition and various types of biomedical imaging. We review several of these applications to signify the advantages of multiple viewpoint projection holography.
Wearables Meet IoT: Synergistic Personal Area Networks (SPANs) (2019)

Wearable monitoring and mobile health (mHealth) revolutionized healthcare diagnostics and delivery, while the exponential increase of deployed "things" in the Internet of things (IoT) transforms our homes and industries. "Things" with embedded activity and vital sign sensors that we refer to as "smart stuff" can interact with wearable and ambient sensors. A dynamic, ad-hoc personal area network can span multiple domains and facilitate processing in synergistic personal area networks-SPANs. The synergy of information from multiple sensors can provide: (a) New information that cannot be generated from existing data alone, (b) user identification, (c) more robust assessment of physiological signals, and (d) automatic annotation of events/records. In this paper, we present possible new applications of SPANs and results of feasibility studies. Preliminary tests indicate that users interact with smart stuff-in our case, a smart water bottle-dozens of times a day and sufficiently long to collect vital signs of the users. Synergistic processing of sensors from the smartwatch and objects of everyday use may provide user identification and assessment of new parameters that individual sensors could not generate, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressure. As a result, SPANs facilitate seamless monitoring and annotation of vital signs dozens of times per day, every day, every time the smart object is used, without additional setup of sensors and initiation of measurements. SPANs creates a dynamic "opportunistic bubble" for ad-hoc integration with other sensors of interest around the user, wherever they go. Continuous long-term monitoring of user's activity and vital signs can provide better diagnostic procedures and personalized feedback to motivate a proactive approach to health and wellbeing.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF THE ESTROGEN-REGULATED 52,000 mol wt PROTEIN IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCERS BUT NOT IN NORMAL BREAST AND UTERUS (1984)

An estrogen regulated glycoprotein of molecular weight 52,000 is released by metastatic human breast cancer cells in culture. In order to detect this protein directly in human tissues, several high affinity monoclonal antibodies were produced against the 52,000 mol wt protein. Frozen sections of human breast cancer samples were stained by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method using these antibodies. In 20 of 25 samples, specific immunoperoxidase staining was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells with six monoclonal antibodies to the 52,000 mol wt protein. The 5 samples that were not stained contained no detectable estrogen receptor. Epithelial cells were not stained in 6 normal mammary glands collected during reduction mammoplasties and in 9 normal uteri, whether tissues were collected during the follicular or luteal phase. The demonstration that the 52,000 mol wt estrogen regulated protein is present in the cytoplasm of some primary breast cancers but absent in normal mammary tissue and uterus indicates its possible use as a tumor marker.
Gender-sensitive word embeddings for healthcare (2021)

Addressing representational biases in data for training NLP embeddings can lead to better results on downstream tasks for underrepresented populations.