gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systems and methods for continuously fermenting C5 and C6 saccharides (2023)

This invention provides optimized fermentation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugars. Biomass-derived hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars are independently conditioned and separately fermented, utilizing reuse and recycle of microorganisms, metabolic intermediates, and nutrients. Conditioned sugars can be fermented in separate vessels, where excess cells from glucose fermentation are conveyed to hemicellulose sugar fermentation along with raffinate from solvent recovery, to enhance productivity and product yield. Some variations provide a method of fermenting C5 and C6 sugars to fermentation products, the method comprising: fermenting a C6-rich sugar feed to a first fermentation product; fermenting a C5-rich sugar feed to a second fermentation product; removing microorganism cells from the first fermentor, to maintain a cell concentration within a selected range; conveying microorganism cells to a second fermentor; and removing microorganism cells from the second fermentor, to maintain a microorganism cell concentration that is greater than that in the C6-rich fermentor.
Adaptive equalization for frequency-selective channels of unknown length (2005)

This paper presents a new method for adaptive equalization of communication channels with intersymbol interference, for which the impulse response has an unknown length. Our approach is based on a parameterization of the impulse response as a Gaussian mixture model, whose parameters are estimated from a training sequence. It is shown that the new method can outperform conventional adaptive equalizers using training to estimate the channel.
Catenanes, rotaxanes and pretzelanes–template synthesis and chirality (1999)

Abstract
Chance-constrained optimization of uplink parameters for OFDMA cognitive radios (2012)

This paper deals with the resource allocation task for the uplink of OFDMA-based cognitive radio (CR) systems. A weighted sum-rate maximization problem is formulated to optimize the subcarrier assignment as well as the power loading per CR user, while protecting the primary user (PU) systems. Since the CR-to-PU channels may not be accurately acquired, the PU interference constraint is cast as a chance constraint. Consequently, a convex conservative approximation of the chance constraint is employed for tractability reasons. In particular, to mitigate the combinatorial complexity incurred for optimal subcarrier assignment, a separable structure is pursued, and the dual decomposition method is employed to obtain a near-optimal solver. The resultant algorithm is tested via simulated tests.
Biomarker-driven access to crizotinib in ALK-, MET-, or ROS1-positive malignancies in adults and children: Feasibility of the French National Acsé Program. (2014)

TPS2647 Background: Crizotinib (czb) is registered only for the treatment of patients (pts) with ALK+ lung cancer. Czb targets (ALK, MET, ROS1) are also altered (translocation, amplification, mutation) in a wide range of malignancies in adults and children. To avoid off label use and allow for a nationwide safe and controlled access to czb for pts with an ALK, MET or ROS1 positive tumor, the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) launched the AcSé program: access to tumor molecular diagnosis in the 28 INCa molecular genetic centers along with an exploratory phase II trial. Methods: Biomarker identification is proposed to pts ≥ 1 year with an advanced disease among more than 15 malignancies (such as colon, gastric, liver, thyroid, renal and breast cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, sarcomas, and ROS1 or MET lung cancer) (such as colon, gastric, liver, thyroid, renal and breast cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, sarcomas, and ROS1 lung cancer) known from literature to harbor a genomic alteration in a czb target. If not eligible for any other academic or industry trial targeting the same alteration, a patient with an ALK, MET or ROS1 positive tumor may enter one of the 22 specified cohorts defined as a disease and a type of target alteration, and receives czb (adult: 250 mg x 2; child: 280 mg/m2 x 2). Pts with an altered czb target as evidenced through a pangenomic tumor profiling program are also eligible. Tumor response is evaluated every 2 months using RECIST criteria. Three statistical 2-stage designs are considered for cohorts to anticipate 3 situations in terms of expected response rate and incidence. Accrual stops if 0 response / N1 pts; else N2 additional pts are recruited. 10,000 to 15,000 molecular tests and 490 pts treated in 150 centers are planned over 3 years. From Aug. 2013 to Jan. 2014, 22 pts have been accrued. The AcSé program is currently being expanded to other targeted drugs. Clinical trial information: NCT02034981. P0 P1 α β N1 N2 Common case 10% 30% 10% 10% 11 14 Very rare disease, eg neuroblastoma 10% 30% 15% 15% 8 12 Optimistic case, eg ROS1+ lung cancer 20% 40% 10% 10% 7 30
Design and Analysis of a New Drive-Integrated Auxiliary Dc-Dc Converter for Hybrid Vehicles (2008)

Cost, volume and weight are three major driving forces in the automotive area. This is also true for hybrid electric vehicles, which attract more and more attention due to increasing fuel costs and pollution. Since the energy distribution system causes a significant share of the volume/costs, a new concept for integrating dc-dc converters, which transfer the power between the low- and high-voltage buses, in the inverter/drive system is presented in this paper. There, the basic operation principle, analytical design equations and control strategies for improving the efficiency are explained. These considerations are validated by simulations and measurements.
Access Flow Measurement as a Predictor of Hemodialysis Graft Thrombosis: Making Clinical Decisions (2001)

Since the introduction of dilution methods for measurement of vascular access blood flow during hemodialysis, more than 170 publications addressing the accuracy, prognostic value, and economic impact of the technology have been presented. Recently researchers (Paulson et al.) have raised concerns about the accuracy of access flow measurements in predicting thrombosis. Our first objective was to address the inadequacies of the analysis by these authors. The second objective was to apply a statistically accepted three-step approach for clinical decision making to assess the utility of access flow surveillance (similar to the K/DOQI guidelines) in the prediction of thrombosis. These steps included 1) estimation of treatment thresholds based on harm-benefit analysis of fistulography-angioplasty versus thrombosis, 2) estimation of prior probability of thrombosis based on patient demographic and clinical characteristics, and 3) application of Bayes' theorem to evaluate whether flow test results provided information that could move patients across the treatment threshold, thus discriminating between patients who should be referred for fistulography-angioplasty and those who should not. These data and an analysis of recent publications show that the implementation of an access flow surveillance program decreases thrombosis rates in hemodialysis units and can significantly reduce the costs associated with hemodialysis access maintenance. We conclude that access flow monitoring (K/DOQI flow thresholds) is useful in the clinical decision-making process for thrombosis prediction across a wide range of demographic categories.
The relationship between diet change and regurgitation and reingestion in captive chimpanzees (2016)

Captive chimpanzees regularly show abnormal behaviour, including regurgitation and reingestion (R/R). R/R may have several causes, among them a suboptimal diet. For this reason, the effect of a diet change towards a more fibre-rich diet on R/R was studied in the Amersfoort Zoo chimpanzee group comprising 15 individuals. In addition, the relationship with self-directed behaviour, inactivity level and temperature, proxies of the alternative factors stress, boredom and crowding, were studied. Measures of stress and boredom did not show any correlation to R/R behaviour. The new diet did result in less R/R. However, the data could not conclusively dismiss temperature as a factor or confound in the reduction of R/R. Still, the R/R rate in three individuals that showed most R/R did not concur with temperature, countering an effect of temperature on R/R. Individuals that showed R/R in the study period still showed this behaviour several years later, suggesting that R/R may not be related to current welfare but possibly become a habit, where stress and R/R become dissociated and the behaviour persists in improved conditions and over time. This study shows that diet change can contribute to a reduction in R/R, yet this may not be due to the change of diet quality, but to the change in diet as such. The change in diet was not able to abolish R/R behaviour entirely for these chimpanzees.
Temperature dependent efficiency droop in GaInN light-emitting diodes with different current densities (2012)

The effect of chip area on the temperature-dependent light-output power (LOP) in GaInN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is investigated. The larger the chip size, the faster the reduction in LOP with increasing temperature becomes, indicating that increasing the size of LED chips, a technology trend for reducing the efficiency droop at high currents, is detrimental for high temperature-tolerant LEDs. In addition, it is found that regardless of chip size, the temperature-dependent LOP is identical for the LEDs operating at the same current density.
Triarylisocyanurate‐Based Fluorescent Two‐Photon Absorbers (2020)

The synthesis and characterization of six triarylisocyanurates, featuring 2,7-fluorenyl or 9,10-anthracenyl groups incorporated in their peripheral arms are reported. Photophysical studies reveal that these new octupolar derivatives are more fluorescent (Φ<sub>F</sub> ≥0.60 for all new compounds except for 1,3,5-tri(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione 3) and present a red-shifted lowest absorption and emission compared to their known phenyl analogues of comparable size. Depending on the nature of the terminal substituent, fast intramolecular energy transfer among the three arms or localization of the excitation on a single branch occurs after population of their first singlet excited state. The latter effect was only observed in the presence of strongly electron-releasing substituents in polar media. These new chromophores are also better two-photon absorbers than the 1,4-phenylene-based isocyanurates reported so far, with cross sections σ<sub>2</sub> ≥500 GM at 770 nm for 4-NPh<sub>2</sub> the fluorenyl group containing (13) and the anthracenyl group containing (14) chromophores. All these spectroscopic features, analyzed with the help of quantum chemical calculations, are crucial for the design of new biphotonic fluorescent dyes.
Component Dynamics in Miscible Blends:  Equally and Unequally Entangled Polyisoprene/Polyvinylethylene (1997)

Miscible blends of 1,4-polyisoprene (PIP) and polyvinylethylene (PVE ) are studied using rheo-optical methods to extract the dynamics of each component in the blend. Since orientational coupling contributes to the birefringence, but not the stress, simultaneous analysis of these observables for bidisperse blends is used to determine the coupling coefficient, ε. No systematic dependence of ε on composition or temperature was detected. The dynamics of the blend components extracted using the mean value of ε are in good agreement with those observed previously for equally entangled blends: blending causes only small changes in the component entanglement molecular weights but dramatically alters the species' friction coefficients, with the dynamics of the high Tg species (PVE ) being more sensitive to both temperature and composition.
Memory hierarchy management schemes in large-scale shared memory multiprocessors (1989)

The speed of access to shared global memory is one of the most important aspects, if not the most important one, in the performance of any shared-memory multiprocessor. Shared-memory multiprocessors with a multistage interconnection network, systems that are known to be both scalable and cost-effective, have two important weaknesses: slow access to global memory and the absence of an instantaneous broadcast mechanism. In this dissertation we propose ways of managing memory hierarchies in such an environment to cope with these weaknesses. Slow access to global memory can be alleviated by associating private caches with the processing elements. However, this gives rise to the cache coherence problem. We propose a timestamp-based self-invalidation cache coherence scheme that allows the exploration of localities across different computational units and show that it performs significantly better than the previous schemes with no or limited such ability. This scheme does not require any shared resource (e.g., sophisticated memory controllers) and is not affected by the absence of an instantaneous broadcast mechanism. Compile-time optimizations which are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the memory hierarchy are proposed assuming the presence of the timestamp-based cache coherence scheme. We also propose architectural enhancements in the form of super registers which are registers embedded in the interconnection network. These super registers are shared by a proper subset of the processors to reduce the average access time of shared variables with known access patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF TRIFLUOROVINYLSULFUR PENTAFLUORIDE (SF5CF:CF2). II (1982)

Abstract Perfluorvinylschwefelpentafluorid (I) addiert in Gegenwart von Cäsiumfluorid Carbonyldi‐ fluorid (II) zu dem Säurefluorid (III).
LED lighting development for automotive environment (2006)

The paper examines various methods to excite LEDs using switched-mode power converters. Examples based on flyback converter are used to illustrate methods of power connection to LEDs. One of them is integrated to coupled-inductor that is new for LEDs excitation. Using the converter methods, the dimming control can be easily regulated. The reliability and illumination formulation has been developed for the LED lighting in automotive environment. (6 pages)
How free of tobacco smoke are ‘smoke-free’ homes? (2008)

The study outcome suggests that a strategy based on the separation of children and smoking activity is inadequate to protect the former from ETS at home, and that health professionals should give parents unambiguous advice to give up smoking in order to make their homes a completely smoke-free environment.
Identification of Contact Sites between Ankyrin and Band 3 in the Human Erythrocyte Membrane (2012)

The red cell membrane is stabilized by a spectrin/actin-based cortical cytoskeleton connected to the phospholipid bilayer via multiple protein bridges. By virtue of its interaction with ankyrin and adducin, the anion transporter, band 3 (AE1), contributes prominently to these bridges. In a previous study, we demonstrated that an exposed loop comprising residues 175-185 of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 (cdB3) constitutes a critical docking site for ankyrin on band 3. In this paper, we demonstrate that an adjacent loop, comprising residues 63-73 of cdB3, is also essential for ankyrin binding. Data that support this hypothesis include the following. (1) Deletion or mutation of residues within the latter loop abrogates ankyrin binding without affecting cdB3 structure or its other functions. (2) Association of cdB3 with ankyrin is inhibited by competition with the loop peptide. (3) Resealing of the loop peptide into erythrocyte ghosts alters membrane morphology and stability. To characterize cdB3-ankyrin interaction further, we identified their interfacial contact sites using molecular docking software and the crystal structures of D(3)D(4)-ankyrin and cdB3. The best fit for the interaction reveals multiple salt bridges and hydrophobic contacts between the two proteins. The most important ion pair interactions are (i) cdB3 K69-ankyrin E645, (ii) cdB3 E72-ankyrin K611, and (iii) cdB3 D183-ankyrin N601 and Q634. Mutation of these four residues on ankyrin yielded an ankyrin with a native CD spectrum but little or no affinity for cdB3. These data define the docking interface between cdB3 and ankyrin in greater detail.
Enhanced antitumour effect of liposomal daunorubicin using antibody-phospholipase C conjugates or fusion protein. (1998)

We have developed a new two-step method for targeting cytotoxic drugs to tumour cells. The method firstly involves the binding to tumour cells of antibody-phospholipase C immunoconjugates or fusion proteins. Further to washing or clearance of the immunoconjugates, liposomes are introduced which are specifically lysed at the tumour site by PLC to release their cytotoxic contents in the vicinity of the tumour cells. For two alternative human cell lines, a synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation was seen for combined treatment with a specific immunoconjugate and daunorubicin encapsulated liposomes. For tumour xenografts in mice, the combined treatment resulted in an inhibition of tumour growth although with no eradication of tumours at the doses used. The two-step antibody-PLC/liposome approach offers broad possibilities for the precise delivery of payloads of cytotoxic drugs to tumour sites.
Image recognition system using an optical Fourier transform on a dynamically reconfigurable vision architecture (2014)

Recently, several varieties of image recognition systems using Fourier transform have been proposed. The salient benefit of using a Fourier transform is its position-independent image recognition capability. However, the operation of Fourier transform of high-resolution images is an extremely heavy operation. This paper therefore presents a proposal of image recognition systems using an optical Fourier transform on a dynamically reconfigurable vision architecture. This proposed system can recognize numerous images within an extremely short period using dynamic reconfiguration.
Magnetic Detection and Tracking of Military Vehicles (2002)

Abstract : Under the Next Generation Scatterable Mines (NGSM) program led by the U.S. Army TACOM-ARDEC and as a subcontractor to IITRI, Quantum Magnetics (QM) has participated in several rounds of field experiments in magnetic detection and tracking of military vehicles. Field data were acquired by three generations of magnetoresistive (MR) magnetic tensor gradiometers and analyzed by QM and Vista Clara. Successive gradiometer design generations mark a path to meeting NGSM form factor constraints. Magnetic gradiometry can detect and unambiguously locate magnetic targets, even in magnetically contaminated environments, as shown by results presented below.
Genomic and Epigenomic Landscaping Defines New Therapeutic Targets for Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas (2020)

Adenosquamous cancer of the pancreas (ASCP) is a subtype of pancreatic cancer that has a worse prognosis and greater metastatic potential than the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subtype. To distinguish the genomic landscape of ASCP and identify actionable targets for this lethal cancer, we applied DNA content flow cytometry to a series of 15 tumor samples including five patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We interrogated purified sorted tumor fractions from these samples with whole-genome copy-number variant (CNV), whole-exome sequencing, and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analyses. These identified a variety of somatic genomic lesions targeting chromatin regulators in ASCP genomes that were superimposed on well-characterized genomic lesions including mutations in <i>TP53</i> (87%) and <i>KRAS</i> (73%), amplification of <i>MYC</i> (47%), and homozygous deletion of <i>CDKN2A</i> (40%) that are common in PDACs. Furthermore, a comparison of ATAC-seq profiles of three ASCP and three PDAC genomes using flow-sorted PDX models identified genes with accessible chromatin unique to the ASCP genomes, including the lysine methyltransferase <i>SMYD2</i> and the pancreatic cancer stem cell regulator <i>RORC</i> in all three ASCPs, and a <i>FGFR1-ERLIN2</i> fusion associated with focal CNVs in both genes in a single ASCP. Finally, we demonstrate significant activity of a pan FGFR inhibitor against organoids derived from the <i>FGFR1-ERLIN2</i> fusion-positive ASCP PDX model. Our results suggest that the genomic and epigenomic landscape of ASCP provide new strategies for targeting this aggressive subtype of pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These data provide a unique description of the ASCP genomic and epigenomic landscape and identify candidate therapeutic targets for this dismal cancer.
Alternative versus classical macrophage activation during experimental African trypanosomosis (2001)

The type I/type II cytokine balance may influence the development of different subsets of suppressive macrophages, i.e., classically activated macrophages (caMphi, type I) versus alternatively activated macrophages (aaMphi, type II). Recently, we showed that although mice infected with phospholipase C-deficient (PLC-/-) Trypanosoma brucei brucei exhibit a clear shift from type I to the type II cytokine production, wild type (WT)-infected mice remain locked in a type I cytokine response. In the present study, phenotype and accessory cell function of macrophages elicited during WT and PLC-/- T. b. brucei infection were compared. Results indicate that caMphi develop in a type I cytokine environment in the early phase of WT and PLC-/- trypanosome infection, correlating with inhibition of T cell activation triggered by a mitogen, a superantigen, or an antigen. In the late stage of infection, only PLC(-/-)-infected mice resisting the infection develop type II cytokine-associated aaMphi correlating with impaired antigen- but not mitogen- or superantigen-induced T cell activation.
Tp‘PtH3:  A Stable Platinum(IV) Trihydride (2000)

Tp‘PtMe2H (1) reacts with Et3Si−H to form Tp‘Pt(SiEt3)(H)2 (2), which serves as a precursor to Tp‘PtH3 (3). Cleavage of the Pt−SiEt3 bond of 2 with methanol provides a clean route to Tp‘PtH3 (3), a rare N-supported monomeric platinum(IV) trihydride complex.
Nanotechnologies pour la thérapeutique et le diagnostic (2008)

L'adressage de molecules therapeutiques vers l'organe, le tissu, ou la cellule malade constitue aujourd'hui un defi majeur pour le traitement des maladies humaines, notamment infectieuses, cancereuses, ou d'origine genetique. Des le debut du vingtieme siecle, le savant Paul Ehrlich revait deja du « magic bullet » susceptible d'acheminer un medicament de maniere specifique vers son site d'action. Le reve de Paul Ehrlich est aujourd'hui proche de la realite grâce au developpement des nanotechnologies qui ont permis de proposer le concept de vectorisation des medicaments, dits Nanomedicaments.
Electromagnetics computational modelling of magnetic metamaterials for wireless power transfe (2016)

We design a compact metamaterial structure enabling the wireless power transfer(WPT) system to enhance its function and model it for electromagnetic characterization. To couple the transmitting and receiving loops of the system compliant with the A4WP requirements, the metamaterial should resonate at a very low frequency as an effectively magnetic device. Additionally, they must be substantially small for the low frequency far below 10 MHz, taking into account the integration to practical handheld devices. The miniaturized structure is simulated through a full-wave method, and its magnetic properties are investigated through the so-called retrieval algorithm to extract its effective permeability. The analysis results present the relationship between the WPT coupling device and metamaterial constitutive parameters.
Non-commutative determinants and automorphisms of groups (1997)

We show that for any invertible matrix over an arbitrary group algebra, it is possible to define a series of invariants which have most of the properties of the usual commutative determinants. We also give one of the applications of these invariants - to detecting Nielsen in-equivalent generating systems of various groups.