gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor Therapy: In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co‐Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole‐Body Antitumor Immune Response (Adv. Mater. 31/2021) (2021)

In article number 2100628, Wassana Yantasee and co-workers investigate how Augmenting Immune Response and Inhibiting Suppressive Environment of tumors-02 (AIRISE-02) activates an antitumor immune response. AIRISE-02 is a nanoparticle co-delivering STAT3 siRNA and CpG intratumorally, utilizing local tumor antigens to train the immune system to kill cancer throughout the body. AIRISE-02 shows strong efficacy in various tumor models, and favorable safety in mice and monkeys.
Low noise InAs/InP quantum dot C-band monolithic multiwavelength lasers for WDM-PONs (2009)

A 50-GHz-spacing C-band multiwavelength laser (MWL) module based on an InAs/InP quantum-dot (QD) Fabry-Perot cavity has been developed for the first time. We have evaluated its system performance to show our QD-MWL potentials for WDM-PONs.
Emission Characteristics of Mexico City Vehicles (1992)

The University of Denver remote sensor for automobile exhaust was set up for nine days at five locations in the Mexico City area. A total of 31,838 valid readings for CO and HC emissions were obtained. The emissions distribution was unlike any other we have observed in North America or Europe, in that the emissions for both CO and HC were vastly greater than seen elsewhere. The readings are discussed in terms of the fraction of CO and HC which would be measured by a tailpipe probe, and in terms of grams emitted per gallon of gasoline. The median CO emission was 3.8 percent, with half of the CO emissions coming from the 24 percent of the fleet with over 6.6 percent CO in the exhaust. The median HC emission was 1,100 parts per million measured as propane equivalent, while half the emissions come from twelve percent of the fleet with more than 4,000 ppm propane equivalent in the exhaust.
Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations: Theoretical Status and Experimental Prospects (2016)

The observation of neutrons turning into antineutrons would constitute a discovery of fundamental importance for particle physics and cosmology. Observing the n–n̄ transition would show that baryon number (B) is violated by two units and that matter containing neutrons is unstable. It would provide a clue to how the matter in our universe might have evolved from the B=0 early universe. If seen at rates observable in foreseeable next-generation experiments, it might well help us understand the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. A demonstration of the violation of B–L by 2 units would have a profound impact on our understanding of phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Slow neutrons have kinetic energies of a few meV. By exploiting new slow neutron sources and optics technology developed for materials research, an optimized search for oscillations using free neutrons from a slow neutron moderator could improve existing limits on the free oscillation probability by at least three orders of magnitude. Such an experiment would deliver a slow neutron beam through a magnetically-shielded vacuum chamber to a thin annihilation target surrounded by a low-background antineutron annihilation detector. Antineutron annihilation in a target downstream of a free neutron beam is such a spectacular experimental signature that an essentially background-free search is possible. An authentic positive signal can be extinguished by a very small change in the ambient magnetic field in such an experiment. It is also possible to improve the sensitivity of neutron oscillation searches in nuclei using large underground detectors built mainly to search for proton decay and detect neutrinos. This paper summarizes the relevant theoretical developments, outlines some ideas to improve experimental searches for free neutron oscillations, and suggests avenues both for theoretical investigation and for future improvement in the experimental sensitivity.
Frequency modulation characteristics of coupled stripe laser diode array (1986)

Time-dependent changes in the cavity resonance frequency were measured in a ten-element gain-guided coupled stripe array using a new technique based on injection locking. Sensitivity of the frequency to changes in the array current was 0.7 GHz/mA at dc and 0.04 GHz/mA for 1.0 MHz sine-wave modulation. The current-to-frequency modulation transfer function for the array was determined, and it was concluded that the transition from thermal to carrier-induced frequency modulation occurs in the region between 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Hz.
Synthesis, dynamic mechanical, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of crown-ether-based linear aliphatic polyurethane rotaxanes (1999)

Linear aliphatic polyurethanes were synthesized from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and either ethylene glycol (EG) or diethylene glycol (DEG). Polymerization of HDI and EG in a 30-crown-10 (30c10) solvent afforded poly[(ethylene hexamethylenediurethane)n-rotaxa-(30-crown-10)x] with x/n = 0.02 (4% by mass). Polymerization of HDI and DEG in a 36-crown-12 (36c12) solvent provided poly[(oxydiethylene hexamethylenediurethane)n-rotaxa-(36-crown-12)x] with x/n = 0.15 (23% by mass). For both polyurethane-rotaxanes, the melting temperatures are lower than those of the unthreaded backbones, and the glass temperature decreases when the threading efficiency is sufficiently high. The dynamic mechanical (DM) spectrum of the EG-30c10-containing polyrotaxane is identical to that of its unthreaded backbone. For both EG-based polymers, vacuum drying led to the disappearance of a sub-Tg mechanical loss around –85°C (1 Hz). The DM spectrum of the DEG-36c12-containing polyrotaxane contains additional loss peaks in its tan δ versus temperature curves, as compared to its unthreaded backbone. Solid-state 2D WISE NMR revealed the new sub-Tg loss process around –53°C to be due to the onset of 36-crown-12 mobility in the polyrotaxane.
RoomAlive (2014)

RoomAlive is a proof-of-concept prototype that transforms any room into an immersive, augmented entertainment experience. Our system enables new interactive projection mapping experiences that dynamically adapts content to any room. Users can touch, shoot, stomp, dodge and steer projected content that seamlessly co-exists with their existing physical environment. The basic building blocks of RoomAlive are projector-depth camera units, which can be combined through a scalable, distributed framework. The projector-depth camera units are individually auto-calibrating, self-localizing, and create a unified model of the room with no user intervention. We investigate the design space of gaming experiences that are possible with RoomAlive and explore methods for dynamically mapping content based on room layout and user position. Finally we showcase four experience prototypes that demonstrate the novel interactive experiences that are possible with RoomAlive and discuss the design challenges of adapting any game to any room.
A strategy for iron oxide nanoparticles to adhere to the neuronal membrane in the substantia nigra of mice (2019)

Effective attachment of magnetic nanoparticles to neuronal membranes has far-reaching significance in activating ion channels and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) synthesized by the polyol pyrolysis method have the advantages of rich surface functional groups, excellent magnetic properties, controllable particle size and water dispersibility. We propose that perfusion of biotin into the targeted brain area should be initially performed because it tends to be adsorbed by cell membranes, followed by injection of streptavidin (SA)-modified SPIONs into the same area of the brain. By means of the strong binding force between SA and biotin, the SPIONs may subsequently adhere to the cell surfaces in the brain area. In this work, fluorescein isothiocyanate-streptavidin (FITC-SA) was modified on the surface of polyethylene imine (PEI)-SPIONs by the EDC-NHS method and stereotaxically injected into the biotin-supplemented substantia nigra of mice. The combination of fluorescence detection with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that FITC-SA/PEI-SPIONs adhered to neuronal membranes in the substantia nigra of mice 24 h after injection. The results show that our strategy can promote the attachment of SPIONs to neuronal membranes.
Biosynthesis of vitamin B12: structure of precorrin-3B, the trimethylated substrate of the enzyme catalysing ring contraction (1993)

FAB-MS, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C labelling and NMR experiments establish the structure of precorrin-3B, a further trimethylated intermediate along the vitamin B12 pathway, thus demonstrating that precorrin-3B is synthesised from precorrin-3 (called precorrin-3A from now) by a complex oxidative reaction involving C-20 hydroxylation and γ-lactone formation from ring-A acetate to C-1, catalysed by the CobG protein in Pseudomonas denitrificans.
Complete characterization of channel independent general DMT systems with cyclic prefix (2004)

The following fact is well known about discrete multitone transmission (DMT) systems: in the special case of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) when the input and output transforms are the IDFT and DFT matrices respectively, and the length of cyclic prefix is longer than the channel length. ISI free transmission is possible for almost all channel parameter values. In this paper, we ask whether more general DMT systems with cyclic prefix enjoy similar channel resistance? We show that among all possible FIR transmitting and receiving filters, of arbitrary order, channel resistant ISI free transmission requires (a) that the receive filter be matched to the transmit filters, and (b) that to within a scaling and delay, the transmit and receive filters it must have IDFT and DFT coefficients. Thus we prove that, should cyclic prefix be applied, then trivial variations of OFDM are the only channel resistant DMT system.
Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity as an index of taurine‐containing structures (1980)

The distribution of cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) activity has been studied for some time on the assumption that this activity was a marker for taurine-containing structures in the CNS. We have found that various in vivo and in vitro treatments of CNS tissues result in parallel changes in the activities of CSAD and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). This suggests that the assay for CSAD is in fact measuring predominantly GAD activity. This hypothesis is tested by lesion, regional distribution, kinetic, inhibitor, and stability studies.
Upregulating β-hexosaminidase activity in rodents prevents α-synuclein lipid associations and protects dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity (2020)

Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal storage disease, caused by loss of β-hexosaminidase (HEX) activity resulting in the accumulation of ganglioside GM2. There are shared features between SD and Parkinson's disease (PD). α-synuclein (aSYN) inclusions, the diagnostic hallmark sign of PD, are frequently found in the brain in SD patients and HEX knockout mice, and HEX activity is reduced in the substantia nigra in PD. In this study, we biochemically demonstrate that HEX deficiency in mice causes formation of high-molecular weight (HMW) aSYN and ubiquitin in the brain. As expected from HEX enzymatic function requirements, overexpression in vivo of HEXA and B combined, but not either of the subunits expressed alone, increased HEX activity as evidenced by histochemical assays. Biochemically, such HEX gene expression resulted in increased conversion of GM2 to its breakdown product GM3. In a neurodegenerative model of overexpression of aSYN in rats, increasing HEX activity by AAV6 gene transfer in the substantia nigra reduced aSYN embedding in lipid compartments and rescued dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. Overall, these data are consistent with a paradigm shift where lipid abnormalities are central to or preceding protein changes typically associated with PD.
A low-complexity reduced-reference print identification algorithm (2009)

In a print production system, the ability to match a printed document with its original electronic form enables services that improve robustness of the production process, such as content tracking mechanisms, or highly targeted quality assurance checks. One approach to this problem is to use overt markings that are later removed. This work, however, adopts a method that uses no markings, relying instead on fast image matching criteria. Though general image matching can be a difficult problem, constraints associated with the production environment allow construction of a simple, efficient solution to the matching problem. A reduced-reference quality assessment algorithm is presented that is used to match every document in a collection of printed and scanned documents with its original electronic form, based on down-sampling, equalization, quantization and per-pixel comparison. Using a 1085 image test set, a 100% matching rate is achievable by representing each image with only 5 bits-per-pixel at 8 dots-per-inch. The proposed method also compares favorably with other current reduced-reference quality assessment algorithms in terms of speed, storage and achieved matching rate.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ induced in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by cellular antigen. (1988)

The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to target cell binding was investigated by ratio image fluorescence microscopy. Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores occurred at a site distal to target cell contact and was transient. Extracellular Ca2+ influx resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i that was prolonged and distributed more proximal to the target cell. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i were observed after target cell contact, although the periodicity was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The Ag-specific reorientation of cytoplasmic granules occurred well after [Ca2+]i had begun to decline to a resting level, but was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. These studies indicate that the Ag-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variation, and that these characteristics are altered by the availability of extracellular Ca2+. The results also suggest that these changes in [Ca2+]i may play a role in the cytoplasmic events that accompany T cell-mediated cytolysis.
Experimental assessment of dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization kinetics of Inconel 718 (2019)

International audience
Surface and bulk point defect generation in Czochralski and float zone type silicon wafers (1996)

The origin of the defects which mediate dopant diffusion in silicon has never been conclusively established. Two primary theories, one favoring bulk generation and the other surface generation, have been proposed to explain the source of point defects. However, the inability to experimentally isolate surface effects from bulk effects has presented experimental determination of the dominant point defect source. An experimental structure employing multiple box-shaped boron marker layers on a variety of silicon substrates has generated strong evidence for separate bulk and surface generation of point defects. A method of using dislocations generated by unstably strained SiGe layers as a sink of interstitials allows a determination of the relative magnitude of surface interstitial generation and bulk interstitial generation. Analysis reveals that the wafer surface under inert anneals is a significant source of point defects and that the interstitial source in the bulk is dependent on the oxygen concentration and precipitate size.
Maximizing predictability of a bottom-up complex multi-scale model through systematic validation and multi-objective multi-level optimization (2015)

Computational models are mathematical representations meant to replicate the biological system they represent, as well as provide insights and predict the system's dynamics in response to changing conditions. In a bottom-up modeling approach, a multitude of models may be compounded to represent more complex higher level biological systems. However, guaranteeing the validity and predictability of the compounded ensemble may become increasingly challenging as more components are integrated. We herein present a sequential and iterative method to maximize predictability of a complex multiscale model. We have successfully developed a multiscale modeling platform comprised of mechanisms ranging from the biomolecular level to multi-cellular networks. To maintain a high level of predictability of the global platform, we introduce a systematic approach to not only validate all models independently, but also verify the validity of compounded models as additional information becomes available at higher levels of complexity. Iterative and systematic application of these validation steps at increasing levels of complexity is intended to maximize the predictive power of the platform, making it a powerful tool to study the impacts of low-levels modifications (pathologies, drugs, etc.) on higher functional levels. The work presented lays down the rationale of the approach, the open design implementation and results.
Downlink transmission of broadband OFCDM systems-part III: turbo-coded (2005)

Orthogonal frequency and code-division multiplexing (OFCDM) systems have been introduced for high-speed data transmission in future wireless mobile communications. In this paper, a hybrid multicode interference cancellation (MCI) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection scheme is presented for the turbo-coded OFCDM systems. Channel estimation based on a code-multiplexed pilot channel is employed. The weights of the hybrid detection are derived theoretically and an effective method to generate the weights in practical applications is proposed. By means of computer simulation, the effects of system parameters on the performance are studied extensively. It is shown that the hybrid detection outperforms pure MMSE detection in various channel conditions, especially for high-level modulation schemes. To carry out interference regeneration for the hybrid detection, the conventional turbo decoding algorithm which only decodes systematic bits should be extended to decode parity bits as well. Moreover, two iterations in turbo decoding are sufficient to provide good performance for the system with the multistage hybrid detection. Finally, given time-domain spreading factor N/sub T/, the system performance improves with frequency-domain spreading factor N/sub F/. However, the frequency diversity gain is saturated when N/sub F/ is large (i.e., N/sub F//spl ges/16).
A New Approach for WLAN Channel Selection Based on Outage Capacity (2013)

This paper introduces a new channel selection metric and its implementation for wireless networks. It is demonstrated that channel utilization and channel quality are two essential performance factors for wireless networks. Then, we define Non-Utilized Outage Capacity (NUOC) as a cross-layer channel metric which provides an intelligent adaptivity between these two performance factors. We also determine steps required for implementation of this new channel selection metric which includes measurement, decision and execution. The proposed mechanism in this paper is easy to implement in IEEE 802.11 standard which makes it very desirable and practical for these networks. Our simulation results show that our new scheme provides better performance compared to other well-known schemes.
A Numerical Simulation of Nanodisk Semiconductor-Plasmonic Laser Using BOR-FDTD With a Multilevel Gain Medium Model (2012)

A temporal and spatial simulation and design of nanoplasmonic laser based on a semiconductor nanodisk is presented in this paper. A body-of-revolution finite-difference-time-domain (BOR-FDTD) simulation incorporated with a semiclassical multilevel model for the semiconductor gain medium and Drude-Lorentz model for the metal is developed for an efficient simulation of disk/ring plasmonic laser. A nanodisk semiconductor-plasmonic laser with a radius of 35 nm is designed, and the spatial and temporal lasing performance is demonstrated numerically.
Compartment Identification by Downhole Fluid Analysis (2005)

In the development of deepwater and expensive prospects, it is essential to understand the precise nature of the hydrocarbon fluids in terms of chemical and physical properties, all phase transitions and commingling incompatibilities. The best assurance for accuracy is to perform hydrocarbon analysis at the point of sample acquisition during openhole wireline logging - these agenda are embodied in Downhole Fluid Analysis (DFA). In addition, DFA provides the ability to identify fluid compositional variation and compartmentalization. The DFA logging program can be expanded in real time without logistical constraint, commensurate with discovered fluid and formation complexities. Testing the dynamic response of the fluids during the sample acquisition process provides confirmation of hydrocarbon fluid type and character as well as insight into formation characteristics. Here, we describe new methods of in-situ hydrocarbon compositional analysis (or DFA) by near-infrared spectroscopy. In particular, we establish that known large hydrocarbon fluid density inversions for large vertical intervals, i.e. deep dry gas versus shallow heavy oil, project into subtle density inversions over vertical intervals as small as six feet. Consequently, this paper establishes a new and cost effective method to find compartments -hunting for fluid density inversions by DFA In addition, we describe how two DFA tools at different locations in the sampling tool string coupled with (effective) tool separator volumes can be used to ascertain detailed fluid properties. DFA, coupled with wellsite and laboratory analysis, provides the best, most robust hydrocarbon sampling and analysis process.
High Temperature Laminate Characterization (2014)

Characterization and modeling of high-temperature laminates for application at 200–250°C is reported to compare and better quantify the mean lifetime based on key functional parameters of via cycling, weight loss, peel strength, and surface insulation resistance (SIR). Life testing and models are applied for via cyclic life, peel strength, and weight loss. Five high-temperature laminates, consisting of three polyimides and two nonpolyimides, were evaluated. The polyimide laminates behaved similarly in via, weight loss, peel strength, and SIR testing with small variances. The nonpolyimides performed longer in via and weight loss. They degraded more rapidly than the polyimides in peel strength and failed in SIR, due to its flame retardant. A comparison of lifetime among the five laminates is presented.
Improved InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with a p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN current-spreading layer (2013)

This work reports both experimental and theoretical studies on the InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with optical output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) levels substantially enhanced by incorporating p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN (PNPNP-GaN) current spreading layers in p-GaN. Each thin n-GaN layer sandwiched in the PNPNP-GaN structure is completely depleted due to the built-in electric field in the PNPNP-GaN junctions, and the ionized donors in these n-GaN layers serve as the hole spreaders. As a result, the electrical performance of the proposed device is improved and the optical output power and EQE are enhanced.