gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Yet Effective Way for Improving the Performance of GAN (2021)

In adversarial learning, the discriminator often fails to guide the generator successfully since it distinguishes between real and generated images using silly or nonrobust features. To alleviate this problem, this brief presents a simple but effective way that improves the performance of the generative adversarial network (GAN) without imposing the training overhead or modifying the network architectures of existing methods. The proposed method employs a novel cascading rejection (CR) module for discriminator, which extracts multiple nonoverlapped features in an iterative manner using the vector rejection operation. Since the extracted diverse features prevent the discriminator from concentrating on nonmeaningful features, the discriminator can guide the generator effectively to produce images that are more similar to the real images. In addition, since the proposed CR module requires only a few simple vector operations, it can be readily applied to existing frameworks with marginal training overheads. Quantitative evaluations on various data sets, including CIFAR-10, CelebA, CelebA-HQ, LSUN, and tiny-ImageNet, confirm that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of GAN and conditional GAN in terms of the Frechet inception distance (FID), indicating the diversity and visual appearance of the generated images.
Challenges for embedded software development (2007)

Embedded software development is becoming increasingly difficult because of technical and commercial pressures. This paper assesses the state of the embedded software development discipline, examines where it is now by posing a set of challenges, evaluates the state of development of key technologies, and lastly presents a vision for how embedded software development might proceed in fifteen years time.
Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China (1996)

Avian influenza A viruses from Asia are recognized as the source of genes that reassorted with human viral genes to generate the Asian/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) pandemic strains earlier in this century. Here we report the genetic analysis of avian influenza A H1N1 viruses recently isolated from pigs in southern China, a host suspected to generate new pandemic strains through gene reassortment events. Each of the eight gene segments was of avian origin. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these genes form an Asian sublineage of the Eurasian avian lineage, suggesting that these viruses are an independent introduction into pigs in Asia. The presence of avian influenza viruses in pigs in China places them in an optimal position for transmission to humans and may serve as an early warning of the emergence of the next human influenza virus pandemic.
Antiviral Treatment of Calves Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (2011)

Results demonstrate that DB772 administration is safe and exhibits antiviral properties in PI calves while facilitating the rapid development of viral resistance to this novel therapeutic agent.
Multiphoton High-Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy (2010)

We have developed a novel photoacoustic microscopy technique, Transient Ultrasonic Absorption Microscopy, which achieves all optical spatial resolution by fusing pump-probe spectroscopy with photoacoustic microscopy. This technique has the potential to enable cellular/subcellular photoacoustic imaging.
When bottom-up meets top-down (2017)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Robust Assembly of Cross-Linked Protein Nanofibrils into Hierarchically Structured Microfibers (2022)

Natural, high-performance fibers generally have hierarchically organized nanosized building blocks. Inspired by this, whey protein nanofibrils (PNFs) are assembled into microfibers, using flow-focusing. By adding genipin as a nontoxic cross-linker to the PNF suspension before spinning, significantly improved mechanical properties of the final fiber are obtained. For curved PNFs, with a low content of cross-linker (2%) the fiber is almost 3 times stronger and 4 times stiffer than the fiber without a cross-linker. At higher content of genipin (10%), the elongation at break increases by a factor of 2 and the energy at break increases by a factor of 5. The cross-linking also enables the spinning of microfibers from long straight PNFs, which has not been achieved before. These microfibers have higher stiffness and strength but lower ductility and toughness than those made from curved PNFs. The fibers spun from the two classes of nanofibrils show clear morphological differences. The study demonstrates the production of protein-based microfibers with mechanical properties similar to natural protein-based fibers and provides insights about the role of the nanostructure in the assembly process.
The therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitors (1999)

Phosphodiesterase enzymes are responsible for the inactivation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a cAMP specific phosphodiesterase expressed in inflammatory cells such as eosinophils. Inhibition of PDE4 results in an elevation of cAMP in these cells, which in turn downregulates the inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4 inhibitors have been well documented both in vitro and in vivo in a variety of animal models. The potential use of PDE4 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory disorders has received considerable attention from the pharmaceutical industry, but to date, there are no selective PDE4 inhibitors on the market. Early PDE4 inhibitors, typified by rolipram, suffered from dose-limiting side effects, including nausea and emesis, which severely restricted their therapeutic utility. Second generation compounds, including CDP840 and SB207499 (Ariflo), have been identified with reduced side effect liability. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between side effects and the ability of compounds to bind at the so-called high affinity rolipram binding site (HPDE), whilst beneficial effects appear to correlate with binding at the catalytic site. A number of companies are actively pursuing compounds which exhibit improved affinity for the catalytic site and reduced affinity for the HPDE, in the expectation that this will provide compounds with an improved therapeutic index.
SDR Implementation of a Testbed for Synchronization of Coherent Distributed Remote Sensing Systems (2020)

Remote Sensing from distributed platforms has become attractive for the community in the last years. Phase, frequency, and time synchronization are a crucial requirement for many such applications as multi-static remote sensing and also for distributed beamforming for communications. The literature on the field is extensive, and in some cases, the requirements an complexity of the proposed synchronization solution may surpass the ones set by the application itself. Moreover, the synchronization solution becomes even more challenging when the nodes are flying or hovering on aerial or space platforms. In this work, we discuss the synchronization considerations for the implementation of distributed remote sensing applications. The general framework considered is based on a distributed collection of autonomous nodes that synchronize their clocks with a common reference using inter-satellite links. For this purpose, we implement a synchronization link between two nodes operating in a full-duplex fashion. The experimental testbed uses commercially available SDR platforms to emulate two satellites, two targets, and the communication channel. The proposal is evaluated considering phase and frequency errors for different system parameters.
Non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis (2015)

The evaluation and follow up of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis have been traditionally performed by liver biopsy. However, during the last 20 years, it has become evident that this "gold-standard" is imperfect; even according to its proponents, it is only "the best" among available methods. Attempts at uncovering non-invasive diagnostic tools have yielded multiple scores, formulae, and imaging modalities. All are better tolerated, safer, more acceptable to the patient, and can be repeated essentially as often as required. Most are much less expensive than liver biopsy. Consequently, their use is growing, and in some countries the number of biopsies performed, at least for routine evaluation of hepatitis B and C, has declined sharply. However, the accuracy and diagnostic value of most, if not all, of these methods remains controversial. In this review for the practicing physician, we analyze established and novel biomarkers and physical techniques. We may be witnessing in recent years the beginning of the end of the first phase for the development of non-invasive markers. Early evidence suggests that they might be at least as good as liver biopsy. Novel experimental markers and imaging techniques could produce a dramatic change in diagnosis in the near future.
Automatic scanning system for back-side defect of steel structure using magnetic flux leakage method (2015)

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of steel structures, such as bridge and heavy machine, is important issue to ensure their safety and reliability. However, the conventional NDE methods for these structures require long inspection time and high cost because inspections are generally performed manually. Moreover, the measurement in high-place work is also required for the inspection of huge steel structure. Therefore, the measurement system should be compact and an automatically controllable measurement system is desirable. Considering these requirement, NDE using magnetic method is suitable because the measurement system is simple and non-contact measurement are possible [1]. In this study, an automatic scanning system which can move on a wall and ceiling of steel structure was developed. In addition, to demonstrate the developed system for practical measurement, back-side defect caused by corrosions generated in steel structures of cargo crane was measured.
Novel Silicon Carbide Detector for Active Inspections (2007)

The need to address increasingly challenging inspection requirements (such as large volume objects, very fast inspection throughputs, potentially significant shielding, etc.) for such items as nuclear materials and explosives will require the use of active interrogation technologies. While these active technologies can successfully address these challenges by inducing unique, temporal signatures, the inspection environment will also induce overall “background signals” that can be orders of magnitude larger than the induced signatures. Detectors that can successfully operate in these types of customized, inspection environments (pulsed and continuous) and successfully extract induced signature data are clearly needed and will effectively define the limitations of any active inspection system. A novel silicon carbide detector is now being investigated to successfully address both neutron- and photon/bremsstrahlung-type inspection applications. While this paper describes this detector and highlights efforts related to neutron inspection, it will focus on its neutron and gamma-ray/photon detection performance in neutron- and bremssstrahlung-type inspection applications.
Prevalence of Lens Opacities in Asian Malays (2012)

Lens opacities were common in this urban Malay population. Retrodots and vacuoles were found to be associated with age-related cataract.
Health-related quality of life in Wilson Disease (2013)

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) has become an important outcome measure in patients with chronic disease. It reflects how well the individual is able to cope in daily life with the burden of disease and treatment. It has been shown that HRQL is reduced in patients with chronic liver disease.
Reflectarray Design at Infrared Frequencies: Effects and Models of Material Loss (2012)

Reflectarray designs at infrared (IR) frequencies are investigated in this paper. At the short-wavelength region, material loss becomes an important consideration in reflectarray designs. Based on the measured properties of conductors and dielectrics at infrared frequency, this paper investigates the loss effects on the reflection magnitude and phase of reflectarray elements. It is revealed that when the material loss exceeds a certain limit, the element reflection phase will vary within a narrow phase range instead of a full 360° phase range. An equivalent circuit model is used to understand this phenomenon. Based on the investigation, alternative design methods for infrared reflectarrays are suggested to lower the loss effect. The low loss reflectarrays have great potential for infrared and visible range applications, such as a low profile planar concentrator for solar energy systems.
Statistical Analysis of the MK-3 Customizable Authenticated Encryption (2022)

To provide security autonomy capability, such that different users can have independent variants of the encryption algorithm, MK-3 is designed to be customizable. Two levels of customization are supported, Factory Customization and Field Customization. Customization is done by modifying functions and function parameters in the algorithm to yield differing cipher functions while preserving the algorithm's security. The main goal of this work is to present the results from the statistical analysis of the customizable MK-3 encryption scheme, focusing on field customized mixers. We recall the main components of the MK-3 algorithm and overview a subset of available factory and field customizations for MK-3. We test the main instances of the field customized versions and give a general argument for their desired statistical properties expected from an encryption scheme.
Smos Instrument Performance After More Than 8 Years in Orbit and Lessons Learnt for Future L-Band Missions (2018)

ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission [1] has been in orbit for over 8 years, and its Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) in two dimensions is working well. The data for this whole period has been and is being processed with the operational version of the current Level-l processor (version v620). Also a representative part of the same data set has been processed with a working version of a new processor (v720) which is now in preparation so that homogenous records of brightness temperatures have been made available. These rich and long data records have allowed learning important lessons from the in-flight experience, and shall eventually lead into the consolidation of the new Level-l processor version (v720) with its corresponding auxiliary calibration and configuration files. Once the improvements are confirmed the new processor version shall be recommended for the operational chain.
Unified Regional Charge-based Versus Surface-potential-based Compact Modeling Approaches (2005)

This paper outlines the key features and advantages of the unified regional charge-based approach to MOSFET compact charge modeling in comparison with surfacepotential-based approaches. Physical piecewise solutions are regionally derived from Pao–Sah equation, in which bulk charge is modeled by direct addition of accumulation and depletion charges based on the unified regional (source-end) surface potential. Drain-bias-dependent bulk and inversion charges are modeled with the unified regional charges in strong inversion using the non-pinned surface potential. Results have been compared with the iterative solutions and validated with numerical data. It has been extended to poly-accumulation/depletion/inversion effects with explicitly coupled quantum-mechanical effect as well as to strained-Si MOSFETs within the same unified model.
A Third Generation Glucose Biosensor Based on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Decorated with Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application in Human Saliva (2017)

Efficient direct electron transfer (DET) between a cellobiose dehydrogenase mutant from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH C291Y) and a novel glassy carbon (GC)-modified electrode, obtained by direct electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was realized. The electrode was further modified with a mixed self-assembled monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol (4-APh) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent. The CtCDH C291Y/GA/4-APh,4-MBA/AuNPs/GC platform showed an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of 19.4 ± 0.6 s-1, with an enhanced theoretical and real enzyme surface coverage (Γtheor and Γreal) of 5287 ± 152 pmol cm-2 and 27 ± 2 pmol cm-2, respectively. The modified electrode was successively used as glucose biosensor exhibiting a detection limit of 6.2 μM, an extended linear range from 0.02 to 30 mM, a sensitivity of 3.1 ± 0.1 μA mM-1 cm-2 (R2 = 0.995), excellent stability and good selectivity. These performances compared favourably with other glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the biosensor was tested to quantify the glucose content in human saliva samples with successful results in terms of both recovery and correlation with glucose blood levels, allowing further considerations on the development of non-invasive glucose monitoring devices.
AR-Net: Adaptive Frame Resolution for Efficient Action Recognition (2020)

Action recognition is an open and challenging problem in computer vision. While current state-of-the-art models offer excellent recognition results, their computational expense limits their impact for many real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called AR-Net (Adaptive Resolution Network), that selects on-the-fly the optimal resolution for each frame conditioned on the input for efficient action recognition in long untrimmed videos. Specifically, given a video frame, a policy network is used to decide what input resolution should be used for processing by the action recognition model, with the goal of improving both accuracy and efficiency. We efficiently train the policy network jointly with the recognition model using standard back-propagation. Extensive experiments on several challenging action recognition benchmark datasets well demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods. The project page can be found at https://mengyuest.github.io/AR-Net
Inhibition of Albumin Synthesis in Chronic Diseases (2005)

The albumin gene is expressed specifically in the liver after birth, and this expression is regulated predominantly at the transcriptional level. Regulatory proteins occupy specific DNA sequences within the promoter and enhancer of the albumin gene. The interaction between the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-beta and the albumin DNA is critical for albumin synthesis. Cachexia-induced hypoalbuminemia is mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. In turn, TNF-alpha stimulates oxidative stress, NO synthesis, and phosphorylation of C/EBP-beta within its nuclear localization signal (NLS). Consequently, C/EBP-beta is exported from the nucleus, preventing it to act as a transcriptional factor on the albumin gene. Antioxidants, NOS inhibitors. and dominant negative, nonphosphorylatable C/EBP-beta peptides block phosphorylation of C/EBP-beta within the NLS and its nuclear export as well as rescue the abnormal albumin gene expression, suggesting potential therapeutic interventions.
Rank minimization approach for solving BMI problems with random search (2001)

Presents the rank minimization approach to solve general bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) problems. Due to the NP-hardness of BMI problems, no proposed algorithm that globally solves general BMI problems is a polynomial-time algorithm. We present a local search algorithm based on the semidefinite programming relaxation approach to indefinite quadratic programming, which is analogous to the well-known relaxation method for a certain-class of combinatorial problems. Instead of applying the branch and bound method for global search, a linearization-based local search algorithm is employed to reduce the relaxation gap. Furthermore, a random search approach is introduced along with the deterministic approach. Four numerical experiments are presented to show the search performance of the proposed approach.
Boron nitride composites (2023)

According to one embodiment, a composite product includes: a matrix material including hexagonal boron nitride and one or more borate binders; and a plurality of cubic boron nitride particles dispersed in the matrix material. According to another embodiment, a composite product includes: a matrix material including hexagonal boron nitride and amorphous boron nitride; and a plurality of cubic boron nitride particles dispersed in the matrix material.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYL NITROXIDES. PART I. SYNTHESIS AND ISOLATION (1978)

Abstract Umsetzung des Hydroxylamins (I) mit dem Chlorameisensäureester (II) gibt ein Gemisch des N‐(IIIa) und O‐Acylierungsproduktes (IIIb); weitere Reaktion von (IIIa) mit (II) liefert das Diacylierungsprodukt (IV).
Gain-dependent Self-phasing in a Coherently Combined Fiber Laser with Imbalanced Losses (2017)

The individual beams in a coherently combined two-core fiber laser are influenced by mismatched loss and phase. Interplay between the gain-dependent (Kramers-Kronig) phase and gain saturation determines the complex fields. Experiment and theory are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER PODOCARPACEAE 26. MITT. MODIFIKATION VON RING‐C DER 12‐HYDROXY‐PODOCARPATRIEN‐(8,11,13)‐SAEURE‐(19) (1971)

Abstract Die Carbonsäuren (I) werden verschiedenen Modifikationen der Birch‐Reduktion unterworfen.
HIV Molecular Immunology 2015 (2016)

The scope and purpose of the HIV molecular immunology database: HIV Molecular Immunology is a companion volume to HIV Sequence Compendium. This publication, the 2015 edition, is the PDF version of the web-based HIV Immunology Database (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/ content/immunology/). The web interface for this relational database has many search options, as well as interactive tools to help immunologists design reagents and interpret their results. In the HIV Immunology Database, HIV-specific B-cell and T-cell responses are summarized and annotated. Immunological responses are divided into three parts, CTL, T helper, and antibody. Within these parts, defined epitopes are organized by protein and binding sites within each protein, moving from left to right through the coding regions spanning the HIV genome. We include human responses to natural HIV infections, as well as vaccine studies in a range of animal models and human trials. Responses that are not specifically defined, such as responses to whole proteins or monoclonal antibody responses to discontinuous epitopes, are summarized at the end of each protein section. Studies describing general HIV responses to the virus, but not to any specific protein, are included at the end of each part. The annotation includes information such as cross-reactivity, escape mutations, antibody sequence, TCR usage, functional domains that overlap with an epitope, immune response associations with rates of progression and therapy, and how specific epitopes were experimentally defined. Basic information such as HLA specificities for T-cell epitopes, isotypes of monoclonal antibodies, and epitope sequences are included whenever possible. All studies that we can find that incorporate the use of a specific monoclonal antibody are included in the entry for that antibody. A single T-cell epitope can have multiple entries, generally one entry per study. Finally, maps of all defined linear epitopes relative to the HXB2 reference proteins are provided. Alignments of CTL, helper T-cell, and antibody epitopes are available through the search interface on our web site at http:// www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/immunology.