gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
αvβ6 integrin may be a potential prognostic biomarker in interstitial lung disease (2015)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis are progressive interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with limited treatment options and poor survival. However, the rate of disease progression is variable, implying there may be different endotypes of disease. We hypothesised that immunophenotyping biopsies from ILD patients might reveal distinct endotypes of progressive fibrotic disease, which may facilitate stratification when undertaking clinical trials of novel therapies for IPF.43 paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed lung tissue sections were immunostained for five molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of the fibrosis: α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), αvβ6 integrin, pro-surfactant protein C (SP-C), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tenascin-C (TenC). Levels of immunostaining and numbers of fibroblastic foci were quantified using operator-dependent and -independent methods. The relationship of all these markers to overall survival was analysed.Staining revealed high levels of αSMA, αvβ6 integrin, pro-SP-C, HGF and TenC, and fibroblastic foci. Immunostaining varied across samples for all molecules but only the extent of αvβ6 integrin immunostaining was associated with increased mortality. There was no association with the other markers measured.Our data suggest high levels of αvβ6 integrin may identify a specific endotype of progressive fibrotic lung disease.
Fast Proton Exchange in Histidine: Measurement of Rate Constants through Indirect Detection by NMR Spectroscopy (2014)

Owing to its imidazole side chain, histidine participates in various processes such as enzyme catalysis, pH regulation, metal binding, and phosphorylation. The determination of exchange rates of labile protons for such a system is important for understanding its functions. However, these rates are too fast to be measured directly in an aqueous solution by using NMR spectroscopy. We have obtained the exchange rates of the NH3(+) amino protons and the labile NH(ε2) and NH(δ1) protons of the imidazole ring by indirect detection through nitrogen-15 as a function of temperature (272 K<T<293 K) and pH (1.3<pH<4.9) of uniformly nitrogen-15- and carbon-13-labeled L-histidine⋅HCl⋅H2O. Exchange rates up to 8.5×10(4) s(-1) could be determined (i.e., lifetimes as short as 12 μs). The three chemical shifts δH(i) of the invisible exchanging protons H(i) and the three one-bond scalar coupling constants (1)J(N,H(i)) could also be determined accurately.
A new method for studying population genetics of cyst nematodes based on Pool‐Seq and genomewide allele frequency analysis (2015)

Cyst nematodes are important agricultural pests responsible for billions of dollars of losses each year. Plant resistance is the most effective management tool, but it requires a close monitoring of population genetics. Current technologies for pathotyping and genotyping cyst nematodes are time-consuming, expensive and imprecise. In this study, we capitalized on the reproduction mode of cyst nematodes to develop a simple population genetic analysis pipeline based on genotyping-by-sequencing and Pool-Seq. This method yielded thousands of SNPs and allowed us to study the relationships between populations of different origins or pathotypes. Validation of the method on well-characterized populations also demonstrated that it was a powerful and accurate tool for population genetics. The genomewide allele frequencies of 23 populations of golden nematode, from nine countries and representing the five known pathotypes, were compared. A clear separation of the pathotypes and fine genetic relationships between and among global populations were obtained using this method. In addition to being powerful, this tool has proven to be very time- and cost-efficient and could be applied to other cyst nematode species.
Design of DC system protection (2013)

A modified Z-source breaker topology is introduced to minimize the reflected fault current drawn from a source while retaining a common return ground path. A conventional Z-source breaker does not provide steady-state overload protection and can only guard against extremely large transient faults. The Z-source breaker can be designed for considerations affecting both rate of fault current rise and absolute fault current level, analogous in some respects to a “thermal-magnetic” breaker. The proposed manual tripping mechanism enables protection against both instantaneous current surges and longer-term over-current conditions. The fault operation intervals of the proposed Z-source breaker topologies are demonstrated in SPICE simulation.
Structural Directed Growth of Ultrathin Parallel Birnessite on β-MnO2 for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors (2018)

Two-dimensional birnessite has attracted attention for electrochemical energy storage because of the presence of redox active Mn<sup>4+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> ions and spacious interlayer channels available for ions diffusion. However, current strategies are largely limited to enhancing the electrical conductivity of birnessite. One key limitation affecting the electrochemical properties of birnessite is the poor utilization of the MnO<sub>6</sub> unit. Here, we assemble β-MnO<sub>2</sub>/birnessite core-shell structure that exploits the exposed crystal face of β-MnO<sub>2</sub> as the core and ultrathin birnessite sheets that have the structure advantage to enhance the utilization efficiency of the Mn from the bulk. Our birnessite that has sheets parallel to each other is found to have unusual crystal structure with interlayer spacing, Mn(III)/Mn(IV) ratio and the content of the balancing cations differing from that of the common birnessite. The substrate directed growth mechanism is carefully investigated. The as-prepared core-shell nanostructures enhance the exposed surface area of birnessite and achieve high electrochemical performances (for example, 657 F g<sup>-1</sup> in 1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte based on the weight of parallel birnessite) and excellent rate capability over a potential window of up to 1.2 V. This strategy opens avenues for fundamental studies of birnessite and its properties and suggests the possibility of its use in energy storage and other applications. The potential window of an asymmetric supercapacitor that was assembled with this material can be enlarged to 2.2 V (in aqueous electrolyte) with a good cycling ability.
A novel mouse model of chronic suppurative otitis media and its use in preclinical antibiotic evaluation (2020)

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a neglected pediatric disease affecting 330 million worldwide for which no new drugs have been introduced for over a decade. We developed a mouse model with utility in preclinical drug evaluation and antimicrobial discovery. Our model used immune-competent mice, tympanic membrane perforation and inoculation with luminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa that enabled bacterial abundance tracking in real-time for 100 days. The resulting chronic infection exhibited hallmark features of clinical CSOM, including inhibition of tympanic membrane healing and purulent ear discharge. We evaluated the standard care fluoroquinolone ofloxacin and demonstrated that this therapy resulted in a temporary reduction of bacterial burden. These data are consistent with the clinical problem of persistent infection in CSOM and the need for therapeutic outcome measures that assess eradication post-therapeutic endpoint. We conclude that this novel mouse model of CSOM has value in investigating new potential therapies.
β‐Endorphin does not protect alkylation of opiate receptor byN‐ethylmaleimide (1985)

Rat brain membranes were incubated in N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 0.5-1.0 mM) in the presence and absence of various concentrations of morphine, Leuenkephalin and human beta-endorphin (beta h-EP). After sufficient washing, the binding of dihydromorphine (DHM), [D-Ala-D-Leu]-enkephalin (DADLE) and tritiated beta h-EP was 10-40% above that of membranes treated with NEM alone. There was no additive effect of morphine and Leu-enkephalin with respect to their effect on recovery of beta h-EP binding. Evaluation of beta h-EP as protecting ligand proved to be difficult since preincubation completely inhibits subsequent DHM and DADLE binding unless a more extensive washing protocol is employed. A protocol for washing beta h-EP preincubated membranes using a Tris-phosphate buffer of pH 6 containing 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM MgCl2 and 10% glycerol was used to recover enough binding potential to evaluate the effects of beta h-EP preincubation towards NEM treatment. Preincubation with beta h-EP itself at 0.1-1.0 microM did not result in any increased recovery of opiate binding, in contrast to the findings with the other two ligands.
Production of PMMA Nanoparticles Loaded with Praziquantel Through “In Situ” Miniemulsion Polymerization (2012)

Abstract PZQ is the primary drug for treatment of schistosomiasis , but its efficiency is severely affected by its bitter taste. The main objective of this paper is the preparation of PMMA nanoparticles loaded with PZQ through in situ miniemulsion polymerizations and intended for oral formulations. Polymerizations are performed with an ultra turrax and a high‐pressure homogenizer. Obtained nanoparticles are analyzed by DSC, HPLC, DLS, GC, SEM, and PZQ dissolution profiles. Obtained results indicate the successful encapsulation of PZQ in all runs. Obtained data also show that the high‐pressure homogenizer leads to the best performance, allowing for preparation of stable latexes, with narrower particle size distributions and higher encapsulation efficiencies. magnified image
37.1: Estimating Display Modulation by 2‐D Fourier Transform: A Preferred Method (2005)

Abstract We present a preferred method for determining the grating modulation of a rear‐projection display using a grating image and Fourier analysis. This method is insensitive to spatial image noise and is in better correspondence with the response of the human visual system than is the standard technique.
Figure S2 from Syntaphilin Ubiquitination Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Tumor Cell Movements (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SNPH ubiquitination regulates tubulin binding&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment of Cotton and Wheat Straw on Cellulose Crystallinity and on Composition and Site and Extent of Disappearance of Wheat Straw Cell Wall Phenolics and Monosaccharides by Sheep (1988)

Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment on cellulose crystallinity and cell wall phenolic monomer and monosaccharide composition were measured using cotton and wheat straw (WS). Two WS treatments were used in this study, Type I WS, for which pH is not regulated during AHP treatment, and Type II WS, for which pH is regulated at 11.5 +/- .2 during AHP treatment. Wheat straw had a lower degree of cellulose crystallinity than cotton, but no differences occurred between treated and untreated substrates. Alkali-labile and nitrobenzene-extractable phenolic monomer concentrations were generally lower for Type I and Type II WS compared with untreated WS. Concentrations of glucose were higher and xylose and arabinose lower in Types I and II WS than in untreated WS. Disappearance of alkali-labile phenolic monomers and cell wall monosaccharides by wethers fed diets containing Type I (Exp. 1) or Type II (Exp. 2) AHP-treated WS were determined. Apparent digestibility of glucose and xylose before the duodenum, and of glucose, xylose and arabinose in the total tract, was greatest (P less than .05) when sheep were fed AHP-treated WS diets in both experiments. In Exp. 2, disappearance of alkali-labile phenolic monomers was greatest (P less than .05) before the duodenum and in the total tract when sheep were fed AHP-treated WS diets. Treatment of WS with AHP modified cell wall composition and increased cell wall monosaccharide digestion by sheep.
Arsenic selenide thin film degradation and its mitigation (2018)

Thin films of arsenic triselenide (As2Se3) glass degrade significantly under ambient conditions in the presence of light. We investigate the mechanism of this degradation by maintaining thin film As2Se3 samples in a variety of environmental conditions for approximately one year and show that exposure to below-band gap light in the presence of oxygen and moisture lead to the formation of crystallites of arsenic oxide and selenium. Spectroscopic measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microscopy reveal that deposition of a thin (~10 nm) passivation layer together with preventing exposure to below-band gap light inhibits degradation. These results indicate that As2Se3 is a practical material for use in applications such as integrated optic waveguides or dielectric metasurfaces operating in wavelengths from the short-wave infrared through the long-wave infrared.
Nanoscale phase transformation in Ge2Sb2Te5 using encapsulated scanning probes and retraction force microscopy (2009)

Encapsulated conducting probes that can sustain high currents are used to study the nanoscale properties of thin-film stacks comprising of a phase-change chalcogenide, Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5). Scaling studies on this promising candidate for random-access memory devices had thus far required extensive lithography and nanoscale growth. This seriously hampers rapid materials characterization. This article describes the use of two key techniques, an encapsulated conductive probe and its use in retraction mode, whereby the attractive force between tip and sample is used to maintain electrical contact. The effective transformation of nanoscale dots of amorphous Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) into the crystalline state is achieved and the electrical conductivity of the transformed structures is probed. The use of retraction force microscopy in a robust manner is demonstrated by reading the conductivity of the crystalline dots. Both these techniques could enable rapid electrical characterization of nanoscale materials, without extensive nanopatterning, thus reducing material development cycles.
Towards Provably-Secure Scalable Anonymous Broadcast. (2013)

We devise a scalable and provably-secure protocol for fully-anonymous broadcast in large-scale networks. Similar to the dining cryptographers networks (DC-NETS), our algorithm uses secure multi-party computa-tion (MPC) to ensure anonymity. However, we address the weaknesses of DC-NETS, which are poor scalability and vulnerability to jamming attacks. When compared to the state-of-the-art, our protocol reduces the total bit complexity from O(n2) to Õ(n) per anonymous message sent in a network of size n; total latency increases from O(1) to polylog(n). We assume up to a one third fraction of the parties is controlled by a static Byzantine adver-sary. We further assume that this adversary is compu-tationally unbounded, and thus make no cryptographic hardness assumptions. 1
Revisiting the Molecular Roots of a Ubiquitously Successful Synthesis: Nickel(0) Nanoparticles by Reduction of [Ni(acetylacetonate)2] (2012)

The widely used preparation of Ni(0) nanoparticles from [Ni(acac)(2)] (acac=acetylacetonate) and oleylamine, often considered to be a thermolysis or a radical reaction, was analyzed anew by using a combination of DFT modeling and designed mechanistic experiments. Firstly, the reaction was followed up by using TGA to evaluate the energy barrier of the limiting step. Secondly, all the byproducts were identified using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, FTIR, and X-ray crystallography. These methods allowed us to depict both main and side-reaction pathways. Lastly, DFT modeling was utilized to assess the validity of this new scheme by identifying the limiting steps and evaluating the corresponding energy barriers. The oleylamine was shown to reduce the [Ni(acac)(2)] complex not through a one-electron radical mechanism, as often stated, but as an hydride donor through a two-electron chemical reduction route. This finding has strong consequences not only for the design of further nanoparticles syntheses that use long-chain amine as a reactant, but also for advanced understanding of catalytic reactions for which these nanoparticles can be employed.
Surface patterning with SERS-active nanoparticle aggregates for safeguards applications (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
Diabetes and pre‐diabetes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01920711.
Saliency maps provide insights into artificial intelligence-based electrocardiography models for detecting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2023)

Saliency maps of a one‑lead, median-beat-based CNN model identified perturbations in ventricular repolarization as the main region of interest in detecting HCM.
Regulation of nitrogen fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum grown under dark, fermentative conditions (1985)

Rhodospirillum rubrum was shown to grow fermentatively on fructose with N2 as a nitrogen source. The nitrogenase activity of these cells was regulated by the NH4+ switch-off/switch-on mechanism in a manner identical to that for photosynthetically grown cells. In vitro, the inactive nitrogenase Fe protein from fermenting cells was reactivated by an endogenous membrane-bound, Mn2+-dependent activating enzyme that was interchangeable with the activating enzyme isolated from photosynthetic membranes.
EFFECT OF HALOTHANE ANAESTHESIA ON SECONDARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND MITOGEN‐INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION IN THE CHICKEN (1978)

The effect of a single halothane anaesthesia on the secondary antibody response and the lymphocyte response in vitro to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A(Con A) was studied. The antigens used were bovine serum albumin (BSA) and killed Brucella abortus organisms (Brucella). IgG and IgM antibodies against these antigens were quantified by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Lymphocyte transformation was studied by a whole blood micromethod. The chickens were anaesthetised for two hours with 2% v/v halothane. The halothane concentration of the blood was measured by gas chromatography at the end of the anaesthesia. Halothane anaesthesia had no effect on the secondary antibody response against BSA and Brucella. In contrast, it caused a significant decrease in the lymphocyte response to PHA and Con A. This suppression was transient, however, and full recovery of the lymphocyte function was observed by the first day after anaesthesia.
L chain peptide maps of rabbit IgG of different allotypes. (1968)

Light (L) chains of IgG from rabbits homozygous and heterozygous for allotypic specificities (As4, 5 and 6) at the b locus were examined by the technique of peptide mapping. They have between twenty-six and thirty dark peptides, 40 per cent of them being common to all three allotypic specificities. About 60 per cent peptides are shared by any two specificities (As4—5, As4—6 and As5—6). Amongst the peptides unique for each specificity there was always one most prominent peptide present by which the specificity could be identified by peptide maps. The L chains from IgG of heterozygous rabbits have in general all the peptides characteristic of both specificities of the homozygous animal, although As4 peptides are always most prominent. Thus multiple peptide differences between L chains of three allotypic specificities were found.
Heat shock protein 90 as a critical factor in maintaining glucocorticosteroid receptor in a nonfunctional state. (1991)

Previous work demonstrated that the ligand binding domain (LBD) was required to determine the formation of the cytosolic, untransformed, inactive, 8 S, heterooligomeric form of the human glucocorticosteroid receptor (hGR) which includes the 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) (Pratt, W.B., Jolly, D.J., Pratt, D.V., Hollenberg, S.M., Giguère, V., Cadepond, F.M., Schweizer-Groyer, G., Catelli, M.G., Evans, R.M., and Baulieu, E.E. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 267-273). Truncations of hGR deleting all or almost all of the LBD give GR derivatives in the non-hsp90-interacting 4 S form able to stimulate transcription in a hormone-independent manner. To identify the LBD subregion(s) involved in 8 S formation, we analyzed the sedimentation behavior of hGR mutants with various LBD internal deletions and/or truncations transiently expressed in cells that contain hsp90 but very low levels of endogenous GR, and we correlated the results with their transcriptional activity. LBD has been divided into three subregions: two of them, LBD1 (between amino acids 551 and 626) and LBD2 (between amino acids 627 and 696), include amino acid sequences highly conserved in the steroid receptor superfamily, and LBD3 consists of the carboxyl-terminal part of the molecule (amino acids 697-777). Each of these subregions can be deleted without impeding 8 S heterooligomer formation, and the corresponding receptors do not have transcriptional activity in the absence as well as in the presence of hormone. When linked to hGR mutants truncated after amino acids 532 or 550, each subregion does separately promote 8 S heterooligomeric complex formation and repress the intrinsic constitutive transcriptional activity of the truncated receptors. These 8 S complexes contain hsp90. In a control experiment, the linkage of 1,017 amino acids of beta-galactosidase to the carboxyl-terminal of 1-532 hGR gave a hybrid receptor still constitutively transcriptionally active which did not bind hsp90. These results provide evidence that there is a strong correlation between the association with hsp90 and the loss of GR functional properties and that hsp90 may play a critical role in maintaining the receptor in a nonfunctional state.
Transcriptional Activation of Interleukin-8 by β-Catenin-Tcf4 (2002)

Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and its association with Tcf/Lef factors are key steps in transduction of the Wnt signal, which is aberrantly activated in a variety of human cancers. In a search for new beta-catenin-Tcf target genes, we analyzed beta-catenin-induced alterations of gene expression in primary human hepatocytes, after transduction of either dominant stable beta-catenin or its truncated, transactivation-deficient counterpart by means of a lentiviral vector. cDNA microarray analysis revealed a limited set of up-regulated genes, including known Wnt targets such as matrilysin and keratin-1. In this screen, we identified the CXC chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) as a direct target of beta-catenin-Tcf4. IL-8 is constitutively expressed in various cancers, and it has been implicated in tumor progression through its mitogenic, motogenic, and angiogenic activities. The IL-8 promoter contains a unique consensus Tcf/Lef site that is critical for IL-8 activation by beta-catenin. We show here that the p300 coactivator was required for efficient transactivation of beta-catenin on this promoter. Ectopic expression of beta-catenin in hepatoma cells promoted IL-8 secretion, which stimulated endothelial cell migration. These data define IL-8 as a Wnt target and suggest that IL-8 induction by beta-catenin might be implicated in developmental and tumorigenic processes.