gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5-Diacetoxymethyl-cycloSal-d4TMP—A prototype of enzymatically activatedcycloSal-pronucleotides (2007)

A new class of "lock-in"-modified cycloSal-pronucleotides has been synthesized. On the example of 5-diacetoxymethyl-cycloSal-d4T-monophosphate (5-di-AM-cycloSal-d4TMP), the concept of enzymatically activated cycloSal-pronucleotides is elucidated. Synthesis, hydrolysis studies, and antiviral activities against HIV are presented.
Hemocompatibility investigation and improvement of near-infrared persistent luminescent nanoparticle ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ by surface PEGylation (2019)

ZnGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> hemocompatibility was systematically investigated from the aspects of hemolysis, erythrocyte morphology, coagulation and complement system activation, and greatly improved by surface PEGylation.
Wearable Upper Body Suit for Assisting Human Load Carriage (2015)

This paper presents a wearable upper body suit designed to assist in human load carriage. The two functions of the suit are: (i) load distribution between the shoulders and the waist, and (ii) reduction of the dynamic load on the waist during walking. These are achieved through two cable driven modules — passive and active — within a custom fitted shirt integrated with motion/force sensors, actuators, and a real time controller. The load distribution between the shoulders and the waist is achieved through the load bearing columns connecting the shoulder pads and the waist belt whose load bearing capacity is modulated by a nominal cable tension in the passive module via a ratchet mechanism. The dynamic load is reduced in addition in the active module by modulating the cable tension via external actuator. Mathematical model of the system is presented and a state feedback controller is designed. Simulation study was performed to investigate the system response under different disturbance conditions as a result of vertical motion of the waist during human walking. Experiment evaluation of the suit was performed with a subject walking on a treadmill while carrying a backpack load. The results show that the developed suit can transfer the load from the shoulders to the waist as well as reduce the dynamic load induced during human walking. This can potentially reduce the energy expenditure and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries associated with human load carriage.
Monte Carlo based light propagation models to improve efficacy of biophotonics based therapeutics of hollow organs and solid tumours including photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation (Conference Presentation) (2018)

The majority of denovo cancers are today being diagnosed in low and middle-income countries, which often lack resources and a range of therapeutic options. Minimally invasive therapies such as Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) could become treatment options, albeit widespread acceptance is hindered by multiple factors ranging from training of surgeons in optical therapeutic techniques, lack of easily usable treatment optimizing tools and prediction of the anticipated treatment outcome. Based on the publicly available FullMonte software in combination with other open source image processing tools, a work plan is proposed that allows for personalized treatment planning. Starting with, generating 3D in silico models, execution of the Monte Carlo simulation and presentation of the 3D fluence rate distribution a treatment procedure is presented. Calculation of the forward solution of photon transport in biological tissues is executed in less than a minute for 3D models comprising 106 tetrahedral elements. The ability of the program to find optimal source placements was demonstrated for in silico brain tumour models for solid tumours. In hollow organs the impact of non-isotropic cavities is demonstrated on bladder cancer patient data. For photodynamic therapy treatment optimization, the process considers the selective uptake ratio of the photosensitizer between the target, host tissues and organs at risk and establish PDT sensitivities of these tissues based on the photodynamic threshold values. Tumours are assigned only a minimum required dose, whereas host and organs at risk a maximum permissible dose. For PBM the target and the host tissue are assigned minimum and maximum permissible dose due to the well documented biphasic response effect in PBM. For PDT sources of errors are uncertainties in the contouring whereas for PBM the depth of the actual target in the tissue is unknown and need often to be estimated based on body mass Index, and other morphometric parameters. Both photo therapeutic applications suffer from unknown tissue optical properties. Hence, the proposed workflow includes a perturbation of the planning tissue optical properties, uncertainties in the photon source placement and contouring errors, to validate the invariance of the attained solution against these unknowns. This requires also the need to determine the patients actual tissue optical properties at the onset of therapy, which in turn can only be achieved when the appropriate placement of invasive or diffuse reflective sensors is provided for. Hence, the planning process needs to include also identification of the most responsive positions for these sensors in the planning volume.
miR-21 mediates hematopoietic suppression in MDS by activating TGF-β signaling (2013)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis that leads to peripheral cytopenias. We observed that SMAD7, a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor-I kinase, is markedly reduced in MDS and leads to ineffective hematopoiesis by overactivation of TGF-β signaling. To determine the cause of SMAD7 reduction in MDS, we analyzed the 3'UTR of the gene and determined that it contains a highly conserved putative binding site for microRNA-21. We observed significantly elevated levels of miR-21 in MDS marrow samples when compared with age-matched controls. miR-21 was shown to directly bind to the 3'UTR of SMAD7 and reduce its expression in hematopoietic cells. Next, we tested the role of miR-21 in regulating TGF-β signaling in a TGF-β-overexpressing transgenic mouse model that develops progressive anemia and dysplasia and thus serves as a model of human bone marrow failure. Treatment with a chemically modified miR-21 inhibitor led to significant increases in hematocrit and led to an increase in SMAD7 expression in vivo. Inhibition of miR-21 also led to an increase in erythroid colony formation from primary MDS bone marrow progenitors, demonstrating its ability in stimulating hematopoiesis in vitro. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the role of miR-21 in regulating overactivated TGF-β signaling in MDS.
New Prospect of Successors to ArF Water-Immersion Lithography (2010)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Inner-Shell Excitation Spectroscopy of Fused-Ring Aromatic Molecules by Electron Energy Loss and X-ray Raman Techniques (2003)

Oscillator strengths for C 1s excitation spectra of gaseous benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthracene, triphenylene, pyrene, and 1,2-benzanthracene have been derived from inner-shell electron energy loss spectroscopy recorded under scattering conditions where electric dipole transitions dominate (2.5 keV residual energy, θ ≤ 2° corresponding to a product of momentum transfer and C 1s orbital size (qr) of 0.08). These spectra are interpreted with the aid of ab initio calculations on selected species. They are compared to the C 1s spectra of solid samples of benzene, naphththalene, anthracene, triphenylene, and 1,2-benzanthracene, recorded with inelastic X-ray Raman scattering in the dipole limit (qr < 0.5). When differences in resolution are taken into account, good agreement is found between the inelastic electron scattering spectra of the gases and the inelastic photon scattering spectra of the corresponding solid. Small differences are attributed to quenching of transitions to Rydberg states in the solids. Characteristic differences related to the degree of symmetry or spatial arrangement of the fused ring aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., linear versus bent structures) indicate that C 1s X-ray Raman spectroscopy should be useful for characterizing aromatics in bulk samples that are opaque to soft X-rays, such as coals and heavy hydrocarbon deposits.
Optimal Control Theory Techniques for Nitrogen Vacancy Ensembles in Single Crystal Diamond (2023)

Nitrogen Vacancy Center Ensembles are excellent candidates for quantum sensors due to their vector magnetometry capabilities, deployability at room temperature and simple optical initialization and readout. This work describes the engineering and characterization methods required to control all four Principle Axis Systems (P.A.S.) of NV ensembles in a single crystal diamond without an applied static magnetic field. Circularly polarized microwaves enable arbitrary simultaneous control with spin-locking experiments and collective control using Optimal Control Theory (OCT) in a (100) diamond. These techniques may be further improved and integrated to realize high sensitivity NV-based quantum sensing devices using all four P.A.S. systems.
Dual frequency high intensity focused ultrasound to accelerate hemostasis (2004)

In acoustic hemostasis, cavitation appears to help emulsify and heat tissue to form a paste which seals lacerations. Our objective was to mix two frequencies to enhance cavitation, increase heat deposition, and accelerate hemostasis. A focused transducer (curvature 5 cm) with a 4.3-MHz center element (diameter 2 cm) and a 125-kHz outer annular element (inner and outer diameters, 3 and 5 cm) was engineered. This dual frequency transducer was used to create lesions in a transparent gel phantom and to induce hemostasis in five rabbits. Hemostasis time was determined with both frequencies (4.3 MHz at 620 W/cm2, 125 kHz at 4 W/cm2) and with the high frequency only (4.3 MHz at 620 and 780 W/cm2). In gels, dual frequency HIFU created larger, broader lesions than 4.3-MHz HIFU alone. Bubbles created by just low frequency could be seen and, with sufficient time, created small local lesions. In rabbits, hemostasis times (∼1 min for 25-ml/min bleeds) were decreased 20% with dual frequency compared to the 4.3-MHz wave alone at the same intensity or same total electrical power. Dual frequency mixing can enhance heat deposition and accelerate hemostasis by HIFU. [Work supported by NSBRI SMS00203, NIH Fogarty, ONRIFO, and NSF BES0002932.]
Bimetallic hydrazido(3- and 4-) and nitrido complexes of tungsten containing the W(.eta.5-C5Me5)Me3 core (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBimetallic hydrazido(3- and 4-) and nitrido complexes of tungsten containing the W(.eta.5-C5Me5)Me3 coreTimothy E. Glassman, Andrew H. Liu, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 25, 4723–4732Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00025a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00025a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis and Comparison of Head Impacts Using Baseballs of Various Hardness and a Hybrid III Dummy (1993)

The use of batting helmets in baseball has substantially reduced the incidence of head injuries, and softer baseballs have been developed to further reduce the risk of injury for an unprotected head. This study utilized a 5th-percentile Hybrid III female dummy, which is similar in size to a 10–12-year-old child, to evaluate the effectiveness of various softer baseballs. A pneumatic gun accelerated the balls to a speed of 60 mi/h (27 m/s). Head impacts were delivered frontally on the forehead or between the eyes and laterally on the temple. Peak resultant head acceleration and head injury criterion (HIC) were significantly lower with the softer baseballs. Using logist analysis of the forehead HICs, the risk of head injury was 20% with an official hardball versus 12–16% with softer baseballs, a 4–8% lower increment in injury risk. The risk of injury was higher using head acceleration and for the temple impacts; however, the range in effectiveness of the softer baseballs is smaller than predicted from the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) test procedure. Since the NOCSAE procedure was developed for helmeted impacts, there may be a lack of biofidelity for unprotected head impacts. The force of impact was 2.5–18.0 kN and was significantly lower with the softer baseballs. The results of this study indicate that the softer baseballs reduce the risk of head injury, but not to the degree previously claimed. Additional work is needed to determine the actual range of effectiveness in preventing sport-related injuries in children.
Volume holograms with a monodisperse speckle reference wave (1989)

An investigation is reported of the displacement (translation) selectivity of volume phase holograms with a speckle reference wave characterized by a weak dispersion of the speckle size. A theoretical calculation and an experimental study demonstrate that the speckle size dispersion in the reference wave structure has a considerable influence on the characteristics of the displacement (translation) sensitivity. The experimental results indicate that the ratio of the average and smallest speckles in the object speckle pattern is 1.25.
A Reappraisal, Based on 31P NMR, of the Direct Coordination of a Metal Ion with the Phosphoryl Oxygen at the Cleavage Site of a Hammerhead Ribozyme (2002)

It has been generally accepted, on the basis of kinetic studies with phosphorothioate-containing substrates and analyses by NMR spectroscopy, that a divalent metal ion interacts directly with the pro-Rp oxygen at the cleavage site in reactions catalyzed by hammerhead ribozymes. However, results of our recent kinetic studies (Zhou, D.-M.; Kumar, P. K. R.; Zhang. L. H.; Taira, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 8969-8970. Yoshinari, K.; Taira, K. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000, 28, 1730-1742) demonstrated that a Cd(2+) ion does not interact with the sulfur atom at the Rp position of the scissile phosphate (P1.1) in the ground state or in the transition state. Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to determine by (31)P NMR spectroscopy whether a Cd(2+) ion binds to the P1.1 phosphorothioate at the cleavage site in solution. In the case of the R32-S11S (ribozyme-substrate) complex, neither the Rp- nor the Sp-phosphorothioate signal from the S11S substrate at the cleavage site was perturbed (the change was less than 0.1 ppm) upon the addition of Cd(2+) ions (19 equiv) at pH 5.9 and 8.5. By contrast, we detected the significant perturbation of the P9 phosphorothioate signal from another known metal-binding site (the A9/G10.1 metal-binding motif). The Rp-phosphorothioate signal from A9/G10.1 was shifted by about 10 ppm in the higher field direction upon the addition of Cd(2+) ions. These observations support the results of our kinetic analysis and indicate that a Cd(2+) ion interacts with the sulfur atom of the phosphorothioate at the A9/G10.1 site (P9) but that a Cd(2+) ion does not interact with the sulfur atom at the Rp- or at the Sp-position of the scissile phosphate (P1.1) in the ground state.
Data from The Combined Effect of FGFR Inhibition and PD-1 Blockade Promotes Tumor-Intrinsic Induction of Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The success of targeted or immune therapies is often hampered by the emergence of resistance and/or clinical benefit in only a subset of patients. We hypothesized that combining targeted therapy with immune modulation would show enhanced antitumor responses. Here, we explored the combination potential of erdafitinib, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor under clinical development, with PD-1 blockade in an autochthonous FGFR2&lt;sup&gt;K660N&lt;/sup&gt;/p53&lt;sup&gt;mut&lt;/sup&gt; lung cancer mouse model. Erdafitinib monotherapy treatment resulted in substantial tumor control but no significant survival benefit. Although anti–PD-1 alone was ineffective, the erdafitinib and anti–PD-1 combination induced significant tumor regression and improved survival. For both erdafitinib monotherapy and combination treatments, tumor control was accompanied by tumor-intrinsic, FGFR pathway inhibition, increased T-cell infiltration, decreased regulatory T cells, and downregulation of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. These effects were not observed in a KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;-mutant genetically engineered mouse model, which is insensitive to FGFR inhibition, indicating that the immune changes mediated by erdafitinib may be initiated as a consequence of tumor cell killing. A decreased fraction of tumor-associated macrophages also occurred but only in combination-treated tumors. Treatment with erdafitinib decreased T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality, reflecting a broadening of the TCR repertoire induced by tumor cell death, whereas combination with anti–PD-1 led to increased TCR clonality, suggesting a more focused antitumor T-cell response. Our results showed that the combination of erdafitinib and anti–PD-1 drives expansion of T-cell clones and immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment to support enhanced antitumor immunity and survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Keynote lecture I: distributed estimation using wireless sensor networks (2008)

Envisioned applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include surveillance, monitoring and tracking tasks. These motivate well decentralized estimation and smoothing of deterministic and (non)stationary random signals using (possibly correlated) observations collected across distributed sensors. In this talk we present state-of-the-art algorithms for consensus-based distributed estimation using ad hoc WSNs where sensors communicate over single-hop noisy links. The novel framework reformulates basic estimation criteria such as least-squares, maximum-likelihood, maximum a posteriori, and linear mean-square error, as decomposable, constrained, convex optimization problems that are amenable to distributed solutions. The resultant distributed estimators are provably convergent to their centralized counterparts and robust to communication noise. Besides stationary, the framework encompasses adaptive filtering and smoothing of non-stationary signals through distributed LMS and Kalman filtering.
Intelligent Meta-lens Array for Autonomous Sensing (2022)

The design, fabrication, and applications of the intelligent meta-lens array are reported in this talk. We developed the meta-lens array based light field imaging system for full-color imaging, depth, edge detection and intelligent sensing.
Preformed Alloantibodies Prevent the Induction of Allograft Tolerance by Enhancing Alloreactive T cell Priming (141.4) (2009)

Abstract The presence of alloantibodies (alloAbs) in transplant recipients is often associated with increased Ab-mediated as well as cellular rejection. We hypothesize that alloAbs can facilitate cellular rejection by enhancing T cell activation and have tested this hypothesis by investigating the effect of alloAbs in a BALB/c to C57BL/6 skin transplant model. Long-term acceptance was induced with anti-CD154 (MR1) plus DST. The impact of alloAbs was investigated using anti-Kd (HB159; mouse IgG2a) mAbs, administered at the time of transplantation. Anti-Kd mAbs prevented anti-CD154-mediated graft acceptance (MST=12d). We hypothesize that alloAbs form immune complexes that facilitate allo-antigen uptake and presentation by APCs. We used CFSE-labeled T cells from three different TCR-Tg mice (TCR75-CD4+, OT-II -CD4+, and OT-I -CD8+ TCR Tg T cells to measure T cell responses in BL/6 recipients of OVA-BALB/c skin ± anti-CD154/DST ± anti-Kd mAbs. Anti-Kd mAbs enhanced proliferation of all three TCR-Tg T cells in anti-CD154/DST-treated recipients compared to anti-CD154/DST-treated recipients. In conclusion, alloAbs promote the CD40-CD154-independent activation of allo-T cells, thus preventing allograft tolerance.
Generalized wireless adversarial deep learning (2020)

Deep learning techniques can classify spectrum phenomena (e.g., waveform modulation) with accuracy levels that were once thought impossible. Although we have recently seen many advances in this field, extensive work in computer vision has demonstrated that an adversary can "crack" a classifier by designing inputs that "steer" the classifier away from the ground truth. This paper advances the state of the art by proposing a generalized analysis and evaluation of adversarial machine learning (AML) attacks to deep learning systems in the wireless domain. We postulate a series of adversarial attacks, and formulate a Generalized Wireless Adversarial Machine Learning Problem (GWAP) where we analyze the combined effect of the wireless channel and the adversarial waveform on the efficacy of the attacks. We extensively evaluate the performance of our attacks on a state-of-the-art 1,000-device radio fingerprinting dataset, and a 24-class modulation dataset. Results show that our algorithms can decrease the classifiers' accuracy up to 3x while keeping the waveform distortion to a minimum.
Nutrient-sensing mechanisms and pathways (2015)

Abstract The ability to sense and respond to fluctuations in environmental nutrient levels is a requisite for life. Nutrient scarcity is a selective pressure that has shaped the evolution of most cellular processes. Different pathways that detect intracellular and extracellular levels of sugars, amino acids, lipids and surrogate metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level through hormonal signals. During food abundance, nutrient-sensing pathways engage anabolism and storage, whereas scarcity triggers homeostatic mechanisms, such as the mobilization of internal stores through autophagy. Nutrient-sensing pathways are commonly deregulated in human metabolic diseases.
Guest Editors’ Introduction to the Joint Special Section on Secure and Emerging Collaborative Computing and Intelligent Systems (2021)

This joint special section of IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing (TETC) and IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) focuses on the security, privacy and trust of the emerging collaborative computing and intelligent systems. The Internet coupled with recent advances in computing and information technologies, such as IoT, mobile edge/cloud computing, cyber-physical-social systems, and artificial intelligence/machine learning/deep learning, have paved the way for creating next-generation smart and intelligent systems and applications that can have transformative impact in our society while accelerating rapid scientific discoveries and innovations.