gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid-Fidelity: Utilizing IEEE 802.11 MIMO for Practical Aggregation of LiFi and WiFi (2022)

We present <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hy-Fi</monospace> , a system that aggregates light fidelity (LiFi) and radio frequency (RF)-based communication on the 802.11 (WiFi) physical layer by utilizing the MIMO capabilities in IEEE 802.11-compliant commodity WiFi chips. <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hy-Fi</monospace> is based on two key ideas. First, we use inexpensive commodity hardware to facilitate direct transmission of WiFi waveforms over the optical wireless channel, as this is proposed in the IEEE P802.11bb task group. Second, we use the MIMO signal processing from WiFi to aggregate LiFi and radio signals directly at the physical layer. <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hy-Fi</monospace> was implemented as a prototype and evaluated in a small testbed. Experimental results reveal that our approach offers excellent robustness against signal fading, blockage and external interference in both, the optical and radio channels making it suitable for applications with very strict requirements to the packet delay and loss ratio. Moreover, the two channels, LiFi and RF, can be aggregated to double the link capacity in the best case. Finally, we demonstrate how <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hy-Fi</monospace> could be used as wireless access technology in next-generation indoor enterprise networks providing both high capacity and seamless mobility.
Poly(styrenesulphonic) acid: an active and reusable acid catalyst soluble in polar solvents (2011)

This article reports on the catalytic activity of soluble poly(styrenesulphonic) acid (PSSA) in three different reactions driven by acidic sites: tributyrin methanolysis, biodiesel synthesis and xylose dehydration to furfural. The PSSA catalyst, soluble in the polar media used in these reactions, displayed larger catalytic activity than other non-soluble sulphonic solid catalysts studied (Amberlyst 36, Amberlyst 70 and Nafion®-SAC13). The ultrafiltration of the used PSSA catalyst allowed retention and reutilisation of the catalyst for several runs. No significant decay in catalytic activity was observed for the three reaction repeats investigated. All these results demonstrated that PSSA, a material that can be obtained from polystyrene waste, is an excellent reusable catalyst for conducting reactions demanding acidic sites.
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Bacteremia: A Systematic Literature Review (2020)

This systematic review confirms the substantial burden of E. coli bacteremia in older adults and justifies the implementation of community-level programs to prevent E. coli bacteremia and ideally UTI in this age group.
Zeeman absorption measurements of two-dimensional magnetic field structuresa) (1995)

A diagnostic technique is presented where polarization measurements of transmitted resonant laser light are used to determine the two-dimensional magnetic field profiles in a plasma. The diagnostic laser is propagated parallel to the magnetic field direction and resonant with circularly polarized transitions. Tuning the laser slightly off-resonance results in differing absorption coefficients for right and left circularly polarized light. Analysis of the transmitted light, combined with independent measurements of the resonant line profile, results in a measurement of the magnetic field. Spectral analysis of the Zeeman splitting has been commonly used to measure plasma magnetic fields, both in emission and absorption. The intensity comparison of the right and left circular components to measure relatively small magnetic fields has its origins in the astrophysics community. Here, the intensity comparison technique is used in conjunction with resonant absorption, and the information is stored using a high-speed framing camera. This results in a measurement of relatively small magnetic fields, with a high signal-to-noise ratio and two-dimensional spatial resolution.
Identification of 6-Hydroxypyrimidin-4(1H)-one-3-carboxamides as Potent and Orally Active APJ Receptor Agonists (2021)

The apelin receptor (APJ) is a significant regulator of cardiovascular function and is involved in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. (Pyr<sup>1</sup>)apelin-13 is one of the endogenous agonists of the APJ receptor. Administration of (Pyr<sup>1</sup>)apelin-13 increases cardiac output in preclinical models and humans. Recently we disclosed clinical lead BMS-986224 (<b>1</b>), a C3 oxadiazole pyridinone APJ receptor agonist with robust pharmacodynamic effects similar to (Pyr<sup>1</sup>)apelin-13 in an acute rat pressure-volume loop model. Herein we describe the structure-activity relationship of the carboxamides as oxadiazole bioisosteres at C3 of the pyridinone core and C5 of the respective pyrimidinone core. This study led to the identification of structurally differentiated 6-hydroxypyrimidin-4(1<i>H</i>)-one-3-carboxamide <b>14a</b> with pharmacodynamic effects comparable to those of compound <b>1</b>.
Fast thread communication and synchronization mechanisms for a scalable single chip multiprocessor (1998)

Much of the improvement in computer performance over the last twenty y ears has come from faster transistors and architectural advances that increase parallelism.Smaller feature sizes have decreased the transistor switching time but at the same time increased the resistance of interconnect wires, resulting in slower signal transmission in on-chip wiring.Since future chips will have more silicon area and include more execution units, a much larger demand for parallelism is emerging.However, the increased signi cance of wire delay will require monolithic components, such a s processors and caches, to be small and that the communication wires connecting them be short.Computer systems typically exploit concurrency using either instruction level parallelism (ILP) or coarse-grain parallel threads running on a multiprocessor.This thesis proposes mechanisms for exploiting on-chip parallelism at a ne grain to bridge the gap between ILP and coarse-grain multiprocessing.Fast interprocessor communication and synchronization enables the use of tasks with run lengths as small as 10 cycles.At the same time, these interaction mechanisms are less susceptible than conventional microprocessor designs to longer wire delays imminent in future silicon process technologies.As ne-grain parallelism is orthogonal to ILP and coarse-grain threads, it complements both methods and provides an opportunity for greater speedup.This thesis presents the architecture and implementation of the MIT Multi-ALU Processor (MAP), a 5 million transistor custom VLSI microprocessor chip.The MAP architecture incorporates 9 function units, split into 3 independent processors.The processors communicate via interprocessor register writes and synchronize using a hardware barrier instruction.These integrated mechanisms allow threads to communicate 10 times faster and synchronize 60 times faster than using a shared on-chip cache.The fast interprocessor interaction enables the MAP to exploit both instruction-level parallelism and ne-grain thread level parallelism.On a suite of applications, speedups of 1.2{2.4 are achieved using ne-grain threads on a 3-processor MAP chip.
High Refractive Index Silicone Gels for Simultaneous Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Traction Force Microscopy of Adherent Cells (2011)

Substrate rigidity profoundly impacts cellular behaviors such as migration, gene expression, and cell fate. Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy enables selective visualization of the dynamics of substrate adhesions, vesicle trafficking, and biochemical signaling at the cell-substrate interface. Here we apply high-refractive-index silicone gels to perform TIRF microscopy on substrates with a wide range of physiological elastic moduli and simultaneously measure traction forces exerted by cells on the substrate.
Synthesis, in Vitro Affinity, and Efficacy of a Bis 8-Ethynyl-4H-imidazo[1,5a]- [1,4]benzodiazepine Analogue, the First Bivalent α5 Subtype Selective BzR/GABAAAntagonist (2003)

The synthesis and in vitro affinity of the alpha5beta3gamma2 (alpha5) subtype selective BzR/GABA(A) antagonist 7 is described. This ligand is selective for alpha5 subtypes in vitro and is a potent antagonist of the effects of diazepam only at alpha5beta3gamma2 subtypes (oocytes). Ligands such as 7 will be important in the determination of which physiological function(s) are subserved by this GABA(A) alpha5 subtype.
Macrophage-targeted photodynamic detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque (2003)

Rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque (VP) leading to coronary thrombosis is the chief cause of sudden cardiac death. VPs are angiographically insignificant lesions, which are excessively inflamed and characterized by dense macrophage infiltration, large necrotic lipid cores, thin fibrous caps, and paucity of smooth muscle cells. We have recently shown that chlorin(e6) conjugated with maleylated albumin can target macrophages with high selectivity via the scavenger receptor. We report the potential of this macrophage-targeted fluorescent probe to localize in VPs in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis, and allow detection and/or diagnosis by fluorescence spectroscopy or imaging. Atherosclerotic lesions were induced in New Zealand White rabbit aortas by balloon injury followed by administration of a high-fat diet. 24-hours after IV injection of the conjugate into atherosclerotic or normal rabbits, the animals were sacrificed, and aortas were removed, dissected and examined for fluorescence localization in plaques by fiber-based spectrofluorimetry and confocal microscopy. Dye uptake within the aortas was also quantified by fluorescence extraction of samples from aorta segments. Biodistribution of the dye was studied in many organs of the rabbits. Surface spectrofluorimetry after conjugate injection was able to distinguish between plaque and adjacent aorta, between atherosclerotic and normal aorta, and balloon-injured and normal iliac arteries with high significance. Discrete areas of high fluorescence (up to 20 times control were detected in the balloon-injured segments, presumably corresponding to macrophage-rich plaques. Confocal microscopy showed red ce6 fluorescence localized in plaques that showed abundant foam cells and macrophages by histology. Extraction data on aortic tissue corroborated the selectivity of the conjugate for plaques. These data support the strategy of employing macrophage-targeted fluorescent dyes to detect VP by intravascular spectrofluorimetry. It may also be possible to use macrophage-targeted PDT to therapeutically modify inflammatory cell-laden VPs leading to plaque stabilization and reduction of sudden cardiovascular death.
Advanced Phase-Retrieval for Stepping-Free X-Ray Dark-Field Computed Tomography (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Grating-based phase- and dark-field-contrast X-ray imaging is a novel technology that aims to extend conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging by unlocking two additional contrast modalities. The so called phase-contrast and dark-field channels provide enhanced soft tissue contrast and additional microstructural information. Accessing this additional information comes at the expense of a more intricate measurement setup and necessitates sophisticated data processing. A big challenge for translating grating-based dark-field computed tomography to medical applications lies in minimizing the data acquisition time. While a continuously moving detector is ideal, it prohibits conventional phase stepping techniques that require multiple projections under the same angle with different grating positions. One solution to this problem is the so-called sliding window processing approach that is compatible with continuous data acquisition. However, conventional sliding window techniques lead to crosstalk-artifacts between the three image channels, if the projection of the sample moves too fast on the detector within a processing window. In this work we introduce a new interpretation of the phase retrieval problem for continuous acquisitions as a demodulation problem. In this interpretation, we identify the origin of the crosstalk-artifacts as partially overlapping modulation side bands. Furthermore, we present three algorithmic extensions that improve the conventional sliding-window-based phase retrieval and mitigate crosstalk-artifacts. The presented algorithms are tested in a simulation study and on experimental data from a human-scale dark-field CT prototype. In both cases they achieve a substantial reduction of the occurring crosstalk-artifacts.&lt;/p&gt;
RhoA Prenylation Is Required for Promotion of Cell Growth and Transformation and Cytoskeleton Organization but Not for Induction of Serum Response Element Transcription (2000)

The importance of post-translational geranylgeranylation of the GTPase RhoA for its ability to induce cellular proliferation and malignant transformation is not well understood. In this manuscript we demonstrate that geranylgeranylation is required for the proper cellular localization of V14RhoA and for its ability to induce actin stress fiber and focal adhesion formation. Furthermore, V14RhoA geranylgeranylation was also required for suppressing p21(WAF) transcription, promoting cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. The ability of V14RhoA to induce focus formation and enhance plating efficiency and oncogenic Ras anchorage-dependent growth was also dependent on its geranylgeranylation. The only biological activity of V14RhoA that was not dependent on its prenylation was its ability to induce serum response element transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a farnesylated form of V14RhoA was also able to bind RhoGDI-1, was able to induce cytoskeleton organization, proliferation, and transformation, and was just as potent as geranylgeranylated V14RhoA at suppressing p21(WAF) transcriptional activity. These results demonstrate that RhoA geranylgeranylation is required for its biological activity and that the nature of the lipid modification is not critical.
TRANSGENIC PIGS PRODUCED USING IN VITRO MATURED OOCYTES INFECTED WITH A RETROVIRAL VECTOR (2001)

Here we report the production of transgenic pigs that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Porcine oocytes were matured in vitro in a serum-free, chemically defined maturation medium, subsequently infected with a replication deficient pseudotyped retrovirus, fertilized and cultured in vitro before being transferred to a recipient female. Two litters were born from these embryo transfers; one pig from each litter was identified as transgenic and both expressed eGFP. From a tool in basic research to direct applications in production agriculture, domestic livestock capable of expressing foreign genes have many scientific applications.
Feedback-controlled ion beam sculpting apparatus (2004)

We report the design of an “ion sculpting” instrument that enables the controlled fabrication of nanometer-sized structures in solid-state materials. The instrument employs a beam of kilo-electron-volt argon ions that impinge on a solid-state membrane containing prefabricated structures such as holes, slits, or cavities whose properties are to be modified. By controlling both the ion beam parameters and sample temperature, the instrument can be adjusted to either deliver or remove material from these articulations, for example opening or closing holes of various shapes. The instrument is unique in its use of feedback control for the crafting of structures that define a hole through which a component of the incident ion beam is permitted to pass and be monitored. Electrostatic ion optics refocus ions transmitted unimpeded through the hole, onto a detector capable of registering single ions. The transmission rate is a direct, real-time measure of the transmitting area that is used as a feedback signal to trigger the termination of the ion irradiation process precisely when a desired dimension is obtained. The ions thus serve the dual role of modifying and measuring the size of the nanoscale structures. The sensitivity of the ion beam sculpting apparatus to atomic-scale material rearrangement at the perimeter of a hole also enables the study of ion beam induced material transport at solid-state surfaces. The utility of the instrument as a fabrication tool has been demonstrated by the fabrication of nanopores used for recent single-molecule biophysics studies.
Controlling Water Intercalation Is Key to a Direct Graphene Transfer (2017)

The key steps of a transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials are the delamination of the as-grown material from a growth substrate and the lamination of the 2D material on a target substrate. In state-of-the-art transfer experiments, these steps remain very challenging, and transfer variations often result in unreliable 2D material properties. Here, it is demonstrated that interfacial water can insert between graphene and its growth substrate despite the hydrophobic behavior of graphene. It is understood that interfacial water is essential for an electrochemistry-based graphene delamination from a Pt surface. Additionally, the lamination of graphene to a target wafer is hindered by intercalation effects, which can even result in graphene delamination from the target wafer. For circumvention of these issues, a direct, support-free graphene transfer process is demonstrated, which relies on the formation of interfacial water between graphene and its growth surface, while avoiding water intercalation between graphene and the target wafer by using hydrophobic silane layers on the target wafer. The proposed direct graphene transfer also avoids polymer contamination (no temporary support layer) and eliminates the need for etching of the catalyst metal. Therefore, recycling of the growth template becomes feasible. The proposed transfer process might even open the door for the suggested atomic-scale interlocking-toy-brick-based stacking of different 2D materials, which will enable a more reliable fabrication of van der Waals heterostructure-based devices and applications.
Characterizing the Mesencephalon Using Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (2008)

With SWI, it is possible to create better anatomic images of the mesencephalon, with improved contrast compared with conventional T1- or T2-weighted sequences.
Discovery and multi-parametric optimization of a high-affinity antibody against interleukin-25 with neutralizing activity in a mouse model of skin inflammation (2022)

The generation of 22C7, an anti-IL25 antibody with efficacy in a preclinical model of skin inflammation, raises the therapeutic potential for 22C7 use in the spectrum of IL25-mediated diseases.
Neutrophil Elastase Mediates Innate Host Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2008)

According to the widely accepted view, neutrophil elastase (NE), a neutrophil-specific serine protease, is a major contributor to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection-associated host tissue inflammation and damage, which in severe cases can lead to death. Herein, we provide for the first time compelling evidence that the host rather employs NE to protect itself against P. aeruginosa infection. Using a clinically relevant model of pneumonia, targeted deficiency in NE increased the susceptibility of mice to P. aeruginosa. We found that NE was required for maximal intracellular killing of P. aeruginosa by neutrophils. In investigating the mechanism of NE-mediated killing of P. aeruginosa, we found that NE degraded the major outer membrane protein F, a protein with important functions, including porin activity, maintenance of structural integrity, and sensing of host immune system activation. Consistent with this, the use of an isogenic mutant deficient in outer membrane protein F negated the role of NE in host defense against P. aeruginosa infection.
Effects of pH and Mixing on Polymer Conditioning of Chemical Sludge (1977)

A knowledge of the characteristics of various polymers facilitates the selection of a polymer for conditioning of a particular sludge.
New Theory for Aging Mechanisms of Li-ion Batteries (2003)

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 2003 Joseph W. Richards Summer Research Fellowship.
A Simple, Inexpensive, Wearable Glove with Hybrid Resistive‐Pressure Sensors for Computational Sensing, Proprioception, and Task Identification (2020)

Wearable devices have many applications ranging from health analytics to virtual and mixed reality interaction, to industrial training. For wearable devices to be practical, they must be responsive, deformable to fit the wearer, and robust to the user's range of motion. Signals produced by the wearable must also be informative enough to infer the precise physical state or activity of the user. Herein, a fully soft, wearable glove is developed, which is capable of real‐time hand pose reconstruction, environment sensing, and task classification. The design is easy to fabricate using low cost, commercial off‐the‐shelf items in a manner that is amenable to automated manufacturing. To realize such capabilities, resisitive and fluidic sensing technologies with machine learning neural architectures are merged. The glove is formed from a conductive knit which is strain sensitive, providing information through a network of resistance measurements. Fluidic sensing captured via pressure changes in fibrous sewn‐in flexible tubes, measuring interactions with the environment. The system can reconstruct user hand pose and identify sensory inputs such as holding force, object temperature, conductability, material stiffness, and user heart rate, all with high accuracy. The ability to identify complex environmentally dependent tasks, including held object identification and handwriting recognition is demonstrated.
An active pixel sensor x-ray diffraction (APXRD) system for breast cancer diagnosis (2009)

This paper describes the potential application of an active pixel sensor-based x-ray diffraction (APXRD) system in the field of breast cancer diagnosis. The design and initial testing of the system was reported previously (Bohndiek et al 2008b Phys. Med. Biol. 53 655-72). The system has potential both as a 'diffraction enhanced breast imager' (DEBI) and as a probe for quantitative analysis of breast biopsy samples. The resolution of the system in a DEBI arrangement is 1 mm and the contrast available using a material-specific x-ray diffraction image was found to be up to seven times greater than that of a transmission image. Scatter signatures from a series of biopsy-equivalent samples, ranging in composition from 100% fat to 100% fibrous tissue, were acquired with the APXRD system. Multivariate data analysis was used to produce a partial least squares (PLS) model sensitive to sample fat content. The final model is able to accurately predict the fat content of a series of unknown samples and is robust to significant added noise. This suggests that the APXRD system could provide a simple, semi-automated, quantitative measurement system for analysis of breast biopsy samples. Training on a range of scatter signatures from real breast biopsy samples covering various stages of disease is now needed to test this hypothesis.