gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from HER2 Reactivation through Acquisition of the HER2 L755S Mutation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to HER2-targeted Therapy in HER2<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer can occur through activation of alternative survival pathways or reactivation of the HER signaling network. Here we employed BT474 parental and treatment-resistant cell line models to investigate a mechanism by which HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer can reactivate the HER network under potent HER2-targeted therapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Resistant derivatives to lapatinib (L), trastuzumab (T), or the combination (LR/TR/LTR) were developed independently from two independent estrogen receptor ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; BT474 cell lines (AZ/ATCC). Two derivatives resistant to the lapatinib-containing regimens (BT474/AZ-LR and BT474/ATCC-LTR lines) that showed HER2 reactivation at the time of resistance were subjected to massive parallel sequencing and compared with parental lines. Ectopic expression and mutant-specific siRNA interference were applied to analyze the mutation functionally. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiments were performed to test alternative therapies for mutant HER2 inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Genomic analyses revealed that the &lt;i&gt;HER2&lt;/i&gt;L755S mutation was the only common somatic mutation gained in the BT474/AZ-LR and BT474/ATCC-LTR lines. Ectopic expression of &lt;i&gt;HER2&lt;/i&gt;L755S induced acquired lapatinib resistance in the BT474/AZ, SK-BR-3, and AU565 parental cell lines. &lt;i&gt;HER2&lt;/i&gt;L755S-specific siRNA knockdown reversed the resistance in BT474/AZ-LR and BT474/ATCC-LTR lines. The HER1/2–irreversible inhibitors afatinib and neratinib substantially inhibited both resistant cell growth and the HER2 and downstream AKT/MAPK signaling driven by &lt;i&gt;HER2&lt;/i&gt;L755S &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; HER2 reactivation through acquisition of the &lt;i&gt;HER2&lt;/i&gt;L755S mutation was identified as a mechanism of acquired resistance to lapatinib-containing HER2-targeted therapy in preclinical HER2-amplified breast cancer models, which can be overcome by irreversible HER1/2 inhibitors. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5123–34. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
N2 Electroreduction to NH3 by Selenium Vacancy‐Rich ReSe2 Catalysis at an Abrupt Interface (2020)

Vacancy engineering has been proved repeatedly as an adoptable strategy to boost electrocatalysis, while its poor selectivity restricts the usage in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) as overwhelming competition from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Revealed by density functional theory calculations, the selenium vacancy in ReSe<sub>2</sub> crystal can enhance its electroactivity for both NRR and HER by shifting the d-band from -4.42 to -4.19 eV. To restrict the HER, we report a novel method by burying selenium vacancy-rich ReSe<sub>2</sub> @carbonized bacterial cellulose (V<sub>r</sub> -ReSe<sub>2</sub> @CBC) nanofibers between two CBC layers, leading to boosted Faradaic efficiency of 42.5 % and ammonia yield of 28.3 μg h<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> at a potential of -0.25 V on an abrupt interface. As demonstrated by the nitrogen bubble adhesive force, superhydrophilic measurements, and COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, the hydrophobic and porous CBC layers can keep the internal V<sub>r</sub> -ReSe<sub>2</sub> @CBC nanofibers away from water coverage, leaving more unoccupied active sites for the N<sub>2</sub> reduction (especially for the potential determining step of proton-electron coupling and transferring processes as *NN → *NNH).
The discrete log is very discreet (1990)

In this paper we consider the one-way function fg,N(X) = gX (modN), where N is a Blum integer. We prove that under the commonly assumed intractability of factoring Blum integers, almost all its bits are individually hard, and half of them are simultaneously hard. As a result, fg,N can be used in efficient pseudo-random bit generators and multi-bit commitment schemes, where messages can be drawn according to arbitrary probability distributions.
Adversarial Counterfactual Learning and Evaluation for Recommender System (2020)

The feedback data of recommender systems are often subject to what was exposed to the users; however, most learning and evaluation methods do not account for the underlying exposure mechanism. We first show in theory that applying supervised learning to detect user preferences may end up with inconsistent results in the absence of exposure information. The counterfactual propensity-weighting approach from causal inference can account for the exposure mechanism; nevertheless, the partial-observation nature of the feedback data can cause identifiability issues. We propose a principled solution by introducing a minimax empirical risk formulation. We show that the relaxation of the dual problem can be converted to an adversarial game between two recommendation models, where the opponent of the candidate model characterizes the underlying exposure mechanism. We provide learning bounds and conduct extensive simulation studies to illustrate and justify the proposed approach over a broad range of recommendation settings, which shed insights on the various benefits of the proposed approach.
High-temperature magnetic blocking and magneto-structural correlations in a series of dysprosium(iii) metallocenium single-molecule magnets (2018)

A series of dysprosium(iii) metallocenium salts, [Dy(Cp<sup>iPr4R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (R = H (<b>1</b>), Me (<b>2</b>), Et (<b>3</b>), iPr (<b>4</b>)), was synthesized by reaction of DyI<sub>3</sub> with the corresponding known NaCp<sup>iPr4R</sup> (R = H, iPr) and novel NaCp<sup>iPr4R</sup> (R = Me, Et) salts at high temperature, followed by iodide abstraction with [H(SiEt<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]. Variation of the substituents in this series results in substantial changes in molecular structure, with more sterically-encumbering cyclopentadienyl ligands promoting longer Dy-C distances and larger Cp-Dy-Cp angles. Dc and ac magnetic susceptibility data reveal that these structural changes have a considerable impact on the magnetic relaxation behavior and operating temperature of each compound. In particular, the magnetic relaxation barrier increases as the Dy-C distance decreases and the Cp-Dy-Cp angle increases. An overall 45 K increase in the magnetic blocking temperature is observed across the series, with compounds <b>2-4</b> exhibiting the highest 100 s blocking temperatures yet reported for a single-molecule magnet. Compound <b>2</b> possesses the highest operating temperature of the series with a 100 s blocking temperature of 62 K. Concomitant increases in the effective relaxation barrier and the maximum magnetic hysteresis temperature are observed, with <b>2</b> displaying a barrier of 1468 cm<sup>-1</sup> and open magnetic hysteresis as high as 72 K at a sweep rate of 3.1 mT s<sup>-1</sup>. Magneto-structural correlations are discussed with the goal of guiding the synthesis of future high operating temperature Dy<sup>III</sup> metallocenium single-molecule magnets.
Quantum well, voltage-induced quantum well, and quantum barrier electron waveguides: Mode characteristics and maximum current (1991)

It is shown that finite-potential heterostructure wells, homostructure voltage-induced wells, and heterostructure barriers can act as waveguides for ballistic electrons and that waveguiding is described by a single dispersion relation and can occur at energies above all band edges. The guided mode cutoffs, electron velocity, effective mass, density of states, and ballistic current density (applicable to 2D electron gases) are presented. The maximum ballistic guided current flowing in a given direction for a 10 monolayer Ga0.75Al0.25As/GaAs/Ga0.9Al0.1As waveguide is found to be 2.3 mA per μm of waveguide width–allowing considerably greater currents than in single-mode quantum wires.
Standing Microcoil Actuator Array (2003)

A standing microcoil actuator array fabricated for driving three-dimensional out-of-plane structures is proposed. Since the microcoil structures have a magnetic thin-film layer, they can be erected on the substrate when a vertical magnetic field is applied to them. Additionally they can be actuated when a current is applied to the coil structure. In this paper, we have demonstrated the driving of a microslit on the standing microcoil actuator array. It could achieve parallel motion to the substrate at the frequency from DC to 1 kHz.
Space vector modulation for mutually commutated isolated three-phase converter systems (2008)

Converter systems consisting of a voltage source converter and a cycloconverter connected by a medium-frequency transformer have several attractive properties. They offer bidirectional AC/DC conversion as well as voltage transformation and isolation by the transformer. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve soft-switching conditions for all semiconductor devices by consistently commutating the two converters in alternation; hence the name ldquomutually commutated converter systemrdquo. Such a commutation scheme, however, imposes certain restrictions on the modulation of the converter system. A newly proposed space vector oriented modulation method promises superior performance compared to carrier-based modulation methods. This paper describes the implementation of the considered space vector modulation on the example of a 40 kVA prototype converter system. The experimental results show that the evaluated space vector modulation is particularly beneficial at low output voltages due to its inherent nature of maximizing the zero voltage vectors.
<title>Antagonistic role of noise and spatial resolution in the time-gated transillumination image quality: experiments in vitro on breast tissues</title> (1995)

The resolution of transillumination images is improved by time gating. Theoretically, the point spread function can be made as small as desired by shortening sufficiently the time gate. This assertion does not imply that any small object can be made visible by shortening the time gate. Indeed the noise is a limiting factor to detect objects embedded in scattering medium. The noise has been measured experimentally as a function of the time gate. Experiments have been performed on formaldehyde fixed breast tissues (10 mm thick) with a pulsed Ti:sapphire source (200 fs pulses), detected by an ultrafast diode (the resolution of the measuring system is 40 ps). Any biological tissue, even without object such as tumors or haemorrhages, has heterogeneities, the contribution of which can be considered as a noise, called the anatomical noise. The results show that in our experimental conditions, this anatomical noise is predominant on the noise due to the measuring system, at the exception of very small time gate; and it decreases as the time gate increases. This noise will limit the spatial resolution achievable by time gated transillumination.
Microleakage of a Dental Restorative Material Based on Biominerals (2008)

Since the introduction of the resin composites on the market marginal leakage causing secondary caries has been one of the major clinical topics. As the composites shrink during hardening they tend to develop a gap between the filling and the tooth, where bacteria can enter. This can be overcome by using bonding techniques, but bonding does not give complete success. An alternative to use shrinking composites could be the use of fully ceramic filling material based on biominerals that harden via a acid base reaction with water. The biomineral technology based on Ca-aluminate has been proven to yield a bond to living tissue and as such the filling material would naturally avoid marginal leakage without the use of any pre-treatment or extra bonding systems. In this paper the influence of thermo cycling on the marginal leakage of a restorative material based on biominerals is evaluated and compared to that of a resin composite.
Scaleability Panel Review (1993)

Abstract : A peer review panel was held at IDA on August 19 and 20, 1993, to address the challenges of network scaleability as it pertains to the Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) program. The goal of STOW is to conduct a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) demonstration in 1994 with 10,000 entities (live, virtual, and constructive), with 100,000 entities by 1997, over the DSI network. Scaleability addresses techniques for maximizing the number of DIS entities on the network by minimizing the network load, both in terms of bandwidth and packets per second. The panel, which consisted of five network scaleability experts, was presented with the current research being conducted by three separate contractors. The experts provided insights on how STOW's goals could be met. They expressed concern over meeting the requirement for a secure network, given the current network encryption requirements. They recommended T3 circuits as a backbone to handle the network traffic.
The Role of Lead in Gout Nephropathy (1981)

UNTIL recently, renal disease was considered a major cause of death among patients with gout.1 Modern long-term follow-up studies of renal function, however, have indicated that hyperuricemia and gout rarely result in kidney damage unless other renal disease supervenes.2 3 4 These conflicting views of the occurrence of renal disease in gout might be reconciled if a single agent could be identified as a cause of both gout and renal disease in some patients. Lead is a likely candidate for such an agent, since this heavy metal has long been recognized as a causative factor in both gout and nephropathy.5 To test . . .
Monochromatic Light Trapping in Photonic Power Converters (2022)

Photonic power converters (PPC) are photovoltaic devices that convert monochromatic light into electricity. Recent records with III-V PPC have achieved 68.9% but demand high carrier lifetimes. This report shows that the introduction of light trapping can yield substantially higher efficiencies, as all the incident light is weakly absorbed and thus amenable to absorption enhancement. For PPCs with low carrier lifetimes (i.e., 1–100 ns for moderately-doped GaAs), light trapping yields significant gains by enabling thinning of the material and reduction of recombination. In this report, multiple light trapping designs are compared, including nanostructures, rear diffuse reflectors, and angular selective filters. While some light-trapping designs achieve higher ideal PPC performance, other designs are seen to be more tolerant to dimensional variation in fabricated structures and incident angles.
Opposite Neural Trajectories of Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 and ϵ2 Alleles with Aging Associated with Different Risks of Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 allele is a confirmed genetic risk factor and the APOE ϵ2 allele is a protective factor related to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intriguingly, recent studies demonstrated similar brain function alterations between APOE ϵ2 and ϵ4 alleles, despite their opposite susceptibilities to AD. To address this apparent discrepancy, we recruited 129 cognitively normal elderly subjects, including 36 ϵ2 carriers, 44 ϵ3 homozygotes, and 49 ϵ4 carriers. All subjects underwent resting-state functional MRI scans. We hypothesized that aging could influence the APOE ϵ2 and ϵ4 allele effects that contribute to their appropriate AD risks differently. Using the stepwise regression analysis, we demonstrated that although both ϵ2 and ϵ4 carriers showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) compared with ϵ3 homozygotes, they have opposite aging trajectories in the default mode network-primarily in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. As age increased, ϵ2 carriers showed elevated FC, whereas ϵ4 carriers exhibited decreased FC. Behaviorally, the altered DMN FC positively correlated with information processing speed in both ϵ2 and ϵ4 carriers. It is suggested that the opposite aging trajectories between APOE ϵ2 and ϵ4 alleles in the DMN may reflect the antagonistic pleiotropic properties and associate with their different AD risks.
Transcriptional signature induced by a metastasis‐promoting c‐Src mutant in a human breast cell line (2016)

This project was submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information BioProject under ID PRJNA288540. The Illumina RNA-Seq reads are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive under study ID SRP060008 with accession numbers SRS977414 for MCF-10A cells, SRS977717 for mock cells, SRS978053 for c-Src(wt) cells and SRS978046 for c-Src(mt) cells.
Agile Silicon Photonic Systems for Sensing and Telecommunications (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Scherer, "Agile Silicon Photonic Systems for Sensing and Telecommunications," in Frontiers in Optics 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper FW4B.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High-power side-pumped passively mode-locked Er-Yb fiber laser (1998)

A side-pumped double-clad Er-Yb fiber laser passively mode-locked with a saturable absorber is demonstrated for the first time. Pumped with a power of 1 W from a broad-stripe diode laser, an environmentally stable cavity design produces positively chirped 3-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 30 MHz with an average output power of 50 mW. The pulses can be linearly compressed to 330 fs in a length of negative dispersion fiber, whereas nonlinear compression in standard telecom fibers yields 130-fs pulses with pulse energies of 1.2 nJ.
Amplitude-modification resilient watermarking based on A-law companding (2003)

In order to design an efficient blind watermarking scheme, Eggers, et al. (2000) proposed the scalar Costa scheme (SCS). However, SCS, which is based on the uniform scalar quantizer, is vulnerable to the amplitude modification. In this paper, we propose an amplitude-modification resilient watermarking scheme, which is a modified SCS based on the A-law companding. By using the A-law companding, resilience against the amplitude modification can be achieved.
<title>Control of shapes of elastic plates using embedded piezoelectric actuators</title> (1994)

Future technologies in microsensing, microactuation, active changes in shapes of aerofoils and turbine blades justify and necessitate a comprehensive study of piezoactuators for shape control of structures. Piezo materials have the property to develop strain on applying voltage and voltage on applying strain, hence, these materials are useful both as sensors and actuators. If a piezoactuator is bonded to a substrate plate, on applying voltages, the resulting strain in the actuator induces a deflection in the plate. This deflection is a function of geometry, material properties of actuator and substrate, layout of piezoactuators, and voltage inputs to the actuators. The objectives of this paper are: (a) to develop a mathematical model for deflection of a thin plate embedded with piezo actuators using elastic plate theory, (b) to compute plate deflection by solving the mathematical model using finite difference technique, and (c) to estimate optimal actuation voltages to match the deflection of the plate to a desired deflection.
Exploring instruction-fetch bandwidth requirement in wide-issue superscalar processors (2003)

The effective performance of wide-issue superscalar processors depends on many parameters, such as branch prediction accuracy, available instruction-level parallelism, and instruction-fetch bandwidth. This paper explores the relations between some of these parameters, and more particularly, the requirement in instruction-fetch bandwidth. We introduce new enhancements to boost effectively the instruction-fetch bandwidth of conventional fetch engines. However, experiments strongly show that performance improves less for a given instruction-fetch bandwidth gain as the base fetch bandwidth increases. At the level of bandwidth exhibited by the proposed schemes, the performance improvement is small. This clearly brings to light potential relations between the fetch bandwidth and the other parameters. We provide a model to explain this behaviour and quantify some relations. Based on the experimental observation that the available parallelism in an instruction window of size N grows as the square root /spl radic/N, we derive from the model that the instruction fetch bandwidth requirement increases as the square root of the distance between mispredicted branches. We also show that the instruction fetch bandwidth requirement increases linearly with the parallelism available in a fixed-size instruction window.
Cell-based therapy for prevention and reversal of myocardial remodeling (2012)

Although pharmacological and interventional advances have reduced the morbidity and mortality of ischemic heart disease, there is an ongoing need for novel therapeutic strategies that prevent or reverse progressive ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction, the process that forms the substrate for ventricular failure. The development of cell-based therapy as a strategy to repair or regenerate injured tissue offers extraordinary promise for a powerful anti-remodeling therapy. In this regard, the field of cell therapy has made major advancements in the past decade. Accumulating data from preclinical studies have provided novel insights into stem cell engraftment, differentiation, and interactions with host cellular elements, as well as the effectiveness of various methods of cell delivery and accuracy of diverse imaging modalities to assess therapeutic efficacy. These findings have in turn guided rationally designed translational clinical investigations. Collectively, there is a growing understanding of the parameters that underlie successful cell-based approaches for improving heart structure and function in ischemic and other cardiomyopathies.
Demo (2012)

We attempt to localize a distant object by looking at it through a smartphone. As an example use-case, while driving on a highway entering New York, we want to look at one of the skyscrapers through the smartphone camera, and compute its GPS location. While the problem would have been far more difficult five years back, the growing number of sensors on smartphones, combined with advances in computer vision, have opened up important opportunities. We harness these opportunities through a system called Object Positioning System (OPS) [1] that achieves reasonable localization accuracy. Our core technique uses computer vision to create an approximate 3D structure of the object and camera, and applies mobile phone sensors to scale and rotate the structure to its absolute configuration. Then, by solving (nonlinear) optimizations on the residual (scaling and rotation) error, we ultimately estimate the object's GPS position.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Part 29. Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Application of Palladium(II) Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Phosphines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.