gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex Network Structure Enhances the Role of Generalized Reciprocity\n in Promoting Cooperation (2018)

In multi-agent systems, cooperative behavior is largely determined by the\nnetwork structure which dictates the interactions among neighboring agents.\nThese interactions often exhibit multidimensional features, either as\nrelationships of different types or temporal dynamics, both of which may be\nmodeled as a "multiplex" network. Against this background, here we advance the\nresearch on cooperation models inspired by generalized reciprocity, a simple\npay-it-forward behavioral mechanism, by considering a multidimensional\nnetworked society. Our results reveal that a multiplex network structure can\nact as an enhancer of the role of generalized reciprocity in promoting\ncooperation by acting as a latent support, even when the parameters in some of\nthe separate network dimensions suggest otherwise (i.e. favor defection). As a\nresult, generalized reciprocity forces the cooperative contributions of the\nindividual agents to concentrate in the dimension which is most favorable for\nthe existence of cooperation.\n
COVID-19 e o Sistema Nervoso Central (2020)

A COVID-19, responsavel por uma das mais abrangentes pandemias da historia, esta relacionada com uma vasta complexidade de manifestacoes clinicas. A literatura cientifica demonstrou uma ampla variedade de sinais e sintomas apresentados por pacientes com COVID-19. Contudo, sabe-se que alguns sinais e sintomas sao mais raros e ha escassez de estudos que abordam seus mecanismos fisiopatologicos. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisao sobre a patogenia da COVID-19 no sistema nervoso central, com enfase na teoria da tempestade de citocinas.
Low complexity H.264 video encoder design using machine learning techniques (2010)

H.264/AVC encoder complexity is mainly due to variable size in Intra and Inter frames. This makes H.264/AVC very difficult to implement, especially for real time applications and mobile devices. The current technological challenge is to conserve the compression capacity and quality that H.264 offers but reduce the encoding time and, therefore, the processing complexity. This paper applies machine learning technique for video encoding mode decisions and investigates ways to improve the process of generating more general low complexity H.264/AVC video encoders. The proposed H.264 encoding method decreases the complexity in the mode decision inside the Inter frames. Results show, in a 67.81% average reduction of complexity and 0.2 average decreases in PSNR and an average bit rate increase of 0.04% for different kinds of videos and formats.
Efficacy of the cat deafening method: Co-administration of ethacrynic acid and kanamycin (2015)

Co-administration of kanamycin (KM) and ethacrynic acid (EA) was an easy and effective method for deafening procedures in adult animals. Body weight (Bwt) was positively correlated with EA dose (mg) and an optimal EA dose can be calculated.
Cylinder Pressure Based Method for In-Cycle Pilot Misfire Detection (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For the reduction of emissions and combustion noise in an internal combustion diesel engine, multiple injections are normally used. A pilot injection reduces the ignition delay of the main injection and hence the combustion noise. However, normal variations of the operating conditions, component tolerances, and aging may result in the lack of combustion i.e. pilot misfire. The result is a lower indicated thermal efficiency, higher emissions, and louder combustion noise. Closed-loop combustion control techniques aim to monitor in real-time these variations and act accordingly to counteract their effect. To ensure the in-cycle controllability of the main injection, the misfire diagnosis must be performed before the start of the main injection. This paper focuses on the development and evaluation of in-cycle algorithms for the pilot misfire detection.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on in-cylinder pressure measurements, different approaches to the design of the detectors are compared. For non-adaptive methods, a constant threshold, direct misfire probability, and posterior misfire probability detectors are investigated. For adaptive methods, an adaptive threshold update is suggested, an adaptation of the predictive stochastic models and a sensor fusion of them is proposed to increase the detection performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A Scania D13 engine is used to perform the experiments under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the algorithms is tested for different engine speeds, rail pressures, injection durations, starts of injection, EGR levels, and fuels. The results show that the observability of in-cycle pilot misfire depends on the operating conditions, and its detection can be performed successfully before the start of the main injection. With a maximum in-cycle pilot misfire observability of 98.5%, a maximum successful detection ratio of about 96% can be reached with the proposed in-cycle pilot misfire detectors. The algorithms are therefore suitable for in-cycle closed-loop combustion control feedback. By including cycle-to-cycle adaptation, the detection performance and robustness are improved significantly. The limitations are directly related to the signal-to-noise ratio of each operating condition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Aflatoxin Exposure, Child Stunting, and Dysbiosis in the Intestinal Microbiome Among Children in Guatemala (2019)

Recent literature suggests that intestinal microbiome may play a mediating role between aflatoxin exposure and the height-for-age of children. We tested the hypothesis that among children in Guatemala, aflatoxin exposure was associated with intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and lower height-for-age. De-identified data were acquired from local health officials for 35 children who attended a health clinic in Totonicapán, Guatemala, and had potentially been exposed to aflatoxin through their maize-based food supply. Microbial differences were assessed for children grouped by height, diarrhea, age, and aflatoxin exposure. Furthermore, two subgroups were identified—one healthy (n = 12) and one unhealthy/dysbiotic (n = 9)—based upon clustering of the children's microbiomes and morbidity data. Odds ratios were computed to assess the likelihood of a child having a healthy or dysbiotic microbiome based on the classification of height, diarrhea, age, or aflatoxin exposure. The results of the study supported significant differences in beta diversity between the intestinal microbiomes of children who were shorter (less than or equal to −2.54 standard deviation; SD) versus taller (greater than −2.54 SD), those who were older (>14 months of age) versus younger (<14 months of age), and those that had reported diarrhea in the past 2 weeks versus not. Most importantly, children whose aflatoxin-contaminated diet resulted in the consumption of >10 ng of aflatoxin/kg of body weight/day had 24 times higher odds of having a dysbiotic intestinal microbiome. The results build upon available literature and support the need for more in-depth studies concerning the interactions among aflatoxin exposure, the intestinal microbiome, and child stunting.
Color Sorting Based on Internet of Things (2018)

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.
ChemInform Abstract: Elaboration of Conjugated Alkenes Initiated by Insertion into a Vinylic C‐H Bond. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The biosynthesis of D-ring fatty acid esters of estriol. (1991)

Biological esterification with fatty acids is a feature that is now known to be common to most steroids. The esterification of estradiol in the D-ring at the 17 beta-hydroxyl leads to a family of extremely active estrogens. Similarly, esterification of the weaker estrogen, estriol (E3), has an even greater impact on its hormonal potency. We have recently shown that synthetic long chain esters of E3 at either 16 alpha- or 17 beta- are highly potent estrogens. The estrogenic activity of the synthetic E3 esters led us to determine whether E3 is biologically esterified, and if so, to characterize the resulting esters. Incubation of E3 with rat lung, a tissue which is highly active in esterifying estradiol, produces a nonpolar metabolite which upon saponification is converted back into E3. There was no evidence for the formation of a diester. Purification by high performance liquid chromatography separates the non-polar metabolite into two peaks, one the C-16 alpha- (approximately 60%) and the other the C-17 beta-ester (approximately 40%). The two fractions were further purified and characterized; each is a mixture of fatty acid esters of E3. The composition of the C-16 alpha- and the C-17 beta-fatty acid esters of E3 is identical. The predominant fatty acids are arachidonate, 34%, palmitate, 26%, followed by oleate 14%, linoleate 13%, stearate 8%, and palmitoleate 5%. The similarity of the esters at C-16 and C-17 may indicate that the fatty acid precursor for the acyltransferase is the same for both hydroxyl groups. It may also suggest that the same enzyme esterifies both positions in the D-ring. Since synthetic estriol fatty acid esters are extremely potent and long-lived estrogens, the enzymatic esterification of estriol produces powerful estrogens with considerable physiological potential.
Broad-spectrum Investigational Agent GS-5734 for the Treatment of Ebola, MERS Coronavirus and Other Pathogenic Viral Infections with High Outbreak Potential (2017)

Abstract Background Recent viral outbreaks with significant mortality such as Ebola virus (EBOV), SARS-coronavirus (CoV), and MERS-CoV reinforced the need for effective antiviral therapeutics to control future epidemics. GS-5734 is a novel nucleotide analog prodrug in the development for treatment of EBOV. Method Antiviral activity of GS-5734 has been established in vitro against a wide range of pathogenic RNA virus families, including filoviruses, coronaviruses, and paramyxoviruses (EC50 = 37 to 200 nM) (Warren et al., Nature 2016; Sheahan et al., Sci Transl Med 2017; Lo et al., Sci Rep 2017). Herein, we describe the in vivo translation of the broad-spectrum activity of GS-5734 in relevant animal disease models for Ebola, Marburg, MERS-CoV, and Nipah. Result Therapeutic efficacy against multiple filoviruses with 80–100% survival was observed in rhesus monkeys infected with lethal doses of EBOV (Kikwit/1995 or Makona/2014) or Marburg virus and treated with once daily intravenous (IV) administration of 5 to 10 mg/kg GS-5734 beginning 3 to 5 days post-infection (p.i.). In all rhesus monkey filovirus infection models, GS-5734 significantly reduced systemic viremia and ameliorated severe clinical disease signs and anatomic pathology. In mice infected with MERS-CoV, twice daily subcutaneous administration of 25 mg/kg GS-5734 beginning 1 day p.i. significantly reduced lung viral load and improved respiratory function. In rhesus monkeys, once-daily IV administration of 5 mg/kg GS-5734 initiated 1 day prior to MERS-CoV infection reduced lung viral load, improved clinical disease signs, and ameliorated severe lung pathology. Finally, in African green monkeys infected with a lethal dose of Nipah virus therapeutic once-daily IV administration of 10 mg/kg GS-5734, starting 1 day p.i. resulted in 100% survival to at least day 35 without any major respiratory or CNS symptoms. Conclusion GS-5734 is currently being tested in a phase 2 study in male Ebola survivors with persistent viral RNA in semen. Lyophilized drug formulation has been developed that can be administered to humans via a 30-minutes IV infusion and does not require cold chain storage. Together, these results support further development of GS-5734 as a broad-spectrum antiviral to treat viral infections with high mortality and significant outbreak potential. Disclosures R. Jordan, Gilead: Employee, Salary. J. Feng, Gilead: Employee, Salary I. Trantcheva, Gilead: Employee, Salary. D. Babusis, Gilead: Employee, Salary. D. Porter-Poulin, Gilead: Employee, Salary. R. Bannister, Gilead: Employee, Salary R. Mackman, Gilead: Employee, Salary. D. Siegel, Gilead: Employee, Salary A. Ray, Gilead: Employee, Salary, T. Cihlar, Gilead: Employee, Salary.
Electrochemistry in ordered systems. 1. Oxidative electrochemistry of 10-methylphenothiazine in anionic, cationic, and nonionic micellar systems (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry in ordered systems. 1. Oxidative electrochemistry of 10-methylphenothiazine in anionic, cationic, and nonionic micellar systemsGregory L. McIntire and Henry N. BlountCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 26, 7720–7721Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00520a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00520a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ABCA4 mutations and discordant ABCA4 alleles in patients and siblings with bull's-eye maculopathy (2007)

Variations in the ABCA4 gene are common in BEM. Two sibships showed discordant ABCA4 variants. One of these sibships illustrates that ABCA4 variants can be identified in families that have another molecular cause for their disease, due to the high prevalence of ABCA4 disease alleles in the population. The discordance evident in the second sibship may yet also be a chance finding in families with macular disease of another genetic cause, or it may represent a complex mode of inheritance determined/modified by the combination of ABCA4 alleles.
Detection of c-Ki-ras gene codon 12 mutations from pancreatic duct brushings in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumours. (1995)

Differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis is sometimes difficult and cytological examination of brushings or aspirated material collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains disappointing. As point mutations in codon 12 of the c-Ki-ras 2 gene are found in most pancreatic adenocarcinoma and not in chronic pancreatitis, this study analysed prospectively the presence of these mutations in brushing samples collected during ERCP in 45 patients (26 males, 19 females) showing a dominant stricture of the main pancreatic duct at pancreatography: 24 with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 16 with chronic pancreatitis, and five intraductal mucin hypersecreting neoplasms. Twenty of 45 patients presented equivocal ERCP findings that did not permit a definite diagnosis. Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 were detected using a rapid and sensitive method based on polymerase chain reaction mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and confirmed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Results were compared with those provided by routine brush cytology. A definitive diagnosis was established for each patient. Mutations were detected in 20 of 24 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (83%), but in none of the chronic pancreatitis patients and intraductal mucin hypersecreting neoplasms, irrespective of their location. By contrast, only 13 of 24 pancreatic adenocarcinoma (54%) were detected by conventional cytological examination, which yielded four false negative and seven non-contributive results. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of molecular biological and cytological methods were 83%-76%, 100-83%, and 90%-58%, respectively. Notably the mutations could be detected in six patients with small tumour size (< or = 2 cm). In conclusion, Ki-ras analysis performed on pancreatic brushing samples is an efficient procedure, more accurate than cytology in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and highly specific in the differentiation between neoplastic and chronic inflammatory ductal changes, especially in patients showing inconclusive ERCP findings.
Adaptive control of diesel engine-dynamometer systems (2002)

Increased efficiency and quality of the diesel engine testing process in automated test cells may be achieved by using improved control algorithms. Researchers and engineers have recognized that the nonlinear, strongly coupled engine-dynamometer plants can be more successfully controlled by applying multivariable techniques rather than using independent PID controllers. However, the existing solutions are not applicable to a multitude of testing scenarios thus justifying further efforts. The paper presents an application of a model referenced adaptive control (MRAC) approach to the engine speed and torque control problem. The parameters update law is derived using Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation with realistic engine and dynamometer models is performed.
Prediction of RO/NF membrane rejections of PhACs and organic compounds: a statistical analysis (2008)

Abstract. Rejections of pharmaceutical compounds (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Clofibric acid, Naproxen, Primidone, Phenacetin) and organic compounds (Dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, Chloroform, Bromoform, Trichloroethene, Perchloroethene, Carbontetrachloride, Carbontetrabromide) by NF (Filmtec, Saehan) and RO (Filmtec, Saehan, Toray, Koch) membranes were studied. Chloroform presented the lowest rejection due to small molar volume, equivalent width and length. Diclofenac and Primidone showed high rejections related to high molar volume and length. Dichloroacetic acid and Trichloroacetic acid presented good rejections caused by charge exclusion instead of steric hindrance mechanism influencing rejection. Bromoform and Trichloroethene showed low rejections due to small length and equivalent width. Carbontetrabromide, Perchloroethene and Carbontetrachloride with higher equivalent width than BF and TCE presented better rejections. A qualitative analysis of variables using Principal Component Analysis was successfully implemented for reduction of physical-chemical compound properties that influence membrane rejection of PhACs and organic compounds. Properties such as dipole moment, molar volume, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, molecular length and equivalent width were found to be important descriptors for prediction of membrane rejection. Ionic and neutral compounds were successfully separated before analysis. For membranes used in the experiments, we may conclude that charge repulsion was an important mechanism of rejection for ionic compounds. Molecular weight was a poor variable for rejection prediction. Membrane rejection of neutral compounds was well predicted by dipole moment, molar volume, length, equivalent width and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of compounds after analysis with Multiple Linear Regression.
RhoB is frequently downregulated in non‐small‐cell lung cancer and resides in the 2p24 homozygous deletion region of a lung cancer cell line (2006)

Identification of a homozygous deletion in cancer cells provides strong evidence for the location of a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). We analyzed the 2p24 homozygous deletion of a non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, NCI-H2882, and found that the deletion size was 3.7 Mbp. Since RhoB, which has been suggested to be a candidate TSG, was located in this region, we analyzed RhoB for alterations in NSCLC. Although we found no mutations in 48 cell lines including 20 NSCLCs, a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in 128 primary NSCLCs showed that 25 of 62 informative samples had LOH at the RhoB locus. Northern blot analysis of 28 cell lines (including 15 NSCLCs) indicated that RhoB expression was downregulated in 27. We analyzed RhoB expression in 112 primary NSCLCs with immunohistochemistry and found no or a weak RhoB expression in 33 (42%) of 78 adenocarcinomas, whereas we found it in 29 (94%) of 31 squamous cell carcinomas. No or a weak expression of RhoB was more frequently observed in poorly- or moderately-differentiated adenocarcinomas than in well-differentiated ones (p = 0.0014). Furthermore, no or a weak expression of RhoB indicated a tendency to poor patient prognosis. Although hypermethylation was not found at the promoter region, the RhoB expression in NSCLC cell lines was induced by histone deacetylase inhibition, suggesting that RhoB downregulation may be due to histone modification. The present study demonstrates that RhoB expression is frequently downregulated in NSCLCs by multiple mechanisms, suggesting that RhoB is a candidate TSG for NSCLC.
The Holocaust in Eastern Europe: sources, memory, politics* (2022)

On 16 March 2021, the Institute for Polish–Jewish Studies, the Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies at University College London (UCL), and The Wiener Holocaust Library convened an online symposium in honour of Professor Antony Polonsky on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. Entitled “The Holocaust in Eastern Europe: Sources, Memory, Politics”, the symposium brought together established and junior scholars researching the Holocaust in Eastern Europe and provided a timely overview of the state of knowledge. The presentations from the symposium can now be viewed online at The Wiener Holocaust Library’s YouTube channel at this link: http://bit.ly/Polonsky21.