gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients aged 80 or older with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma: a real-life multicentre study (2022)

Our study findings suggest that treatment with ICI in elderly patients with NSCLC and melanoma has a risk-benefit ratio that supports its use. However, we report in this cohort that one in five patients has a grade 3-4 IRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation. Geriatric assessment prior to initiation of therapy and during therapy should be routine in patients aged 80 years and older.
Influence of lipopolysaccharide on proinflammatory gene expression in human corneal, conjunctival and meibomian gland epithelial cells (2018)

Abstract Purpose Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, is known to stimulate leuokotriene B4 (LTB4) secretion by human corneal (HCECs), conjunctival (HConjECs) and meibomian gland (HMGECs) epithelial cells. We hypothesize that this LTB4 effect represents an overall induction of proinflammatory gene expression in these cells. Our objective was to test this hypothesis. Methods Immortalized HCECs, HConjECs and HMGECs were cultured in the presence or absence of LPS (15 μg/ml) and ligand binding protein (LBP; 150 ng/ml). Cells were then processed for RNA isolation and the analysis of gene expression by using Illumina BeadChips, background subtraction, cubic spline normalization and GeneSifter software. Results Our findings show that LPS induces a striking increase in proinflammatory gene expression in HCECs and HConjECs. These cellular reactions are associated with a significant up-regulation of genes associated with inflammatory and immune responses (e.g. IL-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor), including those related to chemokine and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and chemotaxis. In contrast, with the exception of Toll-like signaling and associated innate immunity pathways, almost no proinflammatory ontologies were upregulated by LPS in HMGECs. Conclusions Our results support our hypothesis that LPS stimulates proinflammatory gene expression in HCECs and HConjECs. However, our findings also show that LPS does not elicit such proinflammatory responses in HMGECs.
Reactive Sulfur Species (2020)

Hydrogen sulfide has emerged as an important gaseous signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. However, the physiological significance of hydrogen sulfide metabolites such as persulfides, polysulfides, and other reactive sulfur species (RSS) has only recently been appreciated. Emerging evidence suggests that these RSS molecules may have similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with hydrogen sulfide in various biological activities. However, the chemical nature of persulfides and polysulfides is complex and remains poorly understood within cardiovascular and other pathophysiological conditions. Recent reports suggest that RSS can be produced endogenously, with different forms having unique chemical properties and biological implications involving diverse cellular responses such as protein biosynthesis, cell-cell barrier functions, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase) and CSE (cystathionine gamma-lyase), may also produce RSS metabolites besides hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, CARSs (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) are also able to generate protein persulfides via cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) incorporation into nascently formed polypeptides suggesting a new biologically relevant amino acid. This brief review discusses the biochemical nature and potential roles of RSS, associated oxidative stress redox signaling, and future research opportunities in cardiovascular disease.
Phase and microstructure evolution during the TFA-MOD process of YBCO films (2007)

We report the phase and microstructure evolutions of metal trifluoroacetate (TFA) precursor films in the TFA-MOD process of YBCO films on the LAO (100) substrates. It was confirmed that the precursor films were decomposed into , , and CuO nanoparticles after the initial heat treatment up to 400. After a subsequent heat treatment at higher temperatures ranging from 700 to 850 for 2 h, these nano-sized phases are converted into YBCO films. High Jc(77K, sf)-YBCO thin films (over 2 MA/) were successfully fabricated with firing temperatures ranging from 775 to 850 for 2 h, where films were composed of dense microstructures with large grains.
Macrophages promote anti-androgen resistance in prostate cancer bone disease (2023)

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC) is the final stage of PC that acquires resistance to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT). Despite progresses in understanding of disease mechanisms, the specific contribution of the metastatic microenvironment to ADT resistance remains largely unknown. The current study identified that the macrophage is the major microenvironmental component of bone-metastatic PC in patients. Using a novel in vivo model, we demonstrated that macrophages were critical for enzalutamide resistance through induction of a wound-healing-like response of ECM-receptor gene expression. Mechanistically, macrophages drove resistance through cytokine activin A that induced fibronectin (FN1)-integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5)-tyrosine kinase Src (SRC) signaling cascade in PC cells. This novel mechanism was strongly supported by bioinformatics analysis of patient transcriptomics datasets. Furthermore, macrophage depletion or SRC inhibition using a novel specific inhibitor significantly inhibited resistant growth. Together, our findings elucidated a novel mechanism of macrophage-induced anti-androgen resistance of metastatic PC and a promising therapeutic approach to treat this deadly disease.
Atlas-ISTN: Joint segmentation, registration and atlas construction with image-and-spatial transformer networks (2022)

Deep learning models for semantic segmentation are able to learn powerful representations for pixel-wise predictions, but are sensitive to noise at test time and may lead to implausible topologies. Image registration models on the other hand are able to warp known topologies to target images as a means of segmentation, but typically require large amounts of training data, and have not widely been benchmarked against pixel-wise segmentation models. We propose the Atlas Image-and-Spatial Transformer Network (Atlas-ISTN), a framework that jointly learns segmentation and registration on 2D and 3D image data, and constructs a population-derived atlas in the process. Atlas-ISTN learns to segment multiple structures of interest and to register the constructed atlas labelmap to an intermediate pixel-wise segmentation. Additionally, Atlas-ISTN allows for test time refinement of the model’s parameters to optimize the alignment of the atlas labelmap to an intermediate pixel-wise segmentation. This process both mitigates for noise in the target image that can result in spurious pixel-wise predictions, as well as improves upon the one-pass prediction of the model. Benefits of the Atlas-ISTN framework are demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively on 2D synthetic data and 3D cardiac computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance image data, out-performing both segmentation and registration baseline models. Atlas-ISTN also provides inter-subject correspondence of the structures of interest.
Stochastic mapping frameworks (2003)

Stochastic mapping is an approach to the concurrent mapping and localization problem. The approach is powerful because the feature and robot states are explicitly correlated. Improving the estimate of any state automatically improves the estimates of correlated states. This paper describes a number of extensions to the stochastic mapping framework, which are made possible by the incorporation of past vehicle states into the state vector to explicitly represent the robot's trajectory. Having access to past robot states simplifies the mapping, navigation, and cooperation. Experimental results using sonar data are presented.
869 Opioid Utilization in Pediatric Burn Patients (2020)

Abstract Introduction Childhood burns are extremely common and distressing for children and their parents. Pain is the most common complaint and often thought to be undertreated, disrupting care and increasing the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. There is limited literature on the role of opioids and multimodal therapy in the treatment of burns in pediatric patients. We sought to evaluate the current use of multimodal therapy as well as the use, storage, and disposal of opioids in this patient population. Methods We prospectively surveyed parents of pediatric burn patients (0–18 years old) who presented to the burn clinic within two weeks of burn injury. Parents were surveyed regarding over-the-counter pain medication use and opioid medication use, storage, and disposal in the treatment of their child. Medians and interquartile ranges were used to describe continuous variables and frequencies and percentages were used for categorical variables. Results A total of 92 parents of burn-injured children were surveyed at a single institution in the outpatient burn clinic. The median age of burn-injured children was 3.1 years old, and 50% of patients were male. The majority had a TBSA of 1%. The hand was the most frequently burned location (45.7%). Acetaminophen (58.7%) and ibuprofen (69.6%) were the most common treatments for both constant and breakthrough pain. Approximately 28% (26/92) of patients were prescribed opioids, of which 18.5% (17/92) filled their prescription. Only 29% of patients (5/17) consumed their entire prescription, and a median of 3 doses of opioids remained for those who did not finish the entire prescription. Parents most commonly decided to give their children opioid pain medications because “my child is in severe pain” or “I give my child pain medications as scheduled (written on prescription).” Approximately 40% (7/17) of patients who filled opioid prescriptions stored them in a locked area, and only 35.3% (6/17) were educated on how to dispose of excess opioid pain medication. Conclusions Presently, multimodal therapy with over-the-counter pain medications is used to treat the majority of pediatric burns. This study demonstrates an increased need for education on opioid administration, storage, and disposal for parents of burn-injured children. Applicability of Research to Practice We aimed to evaluate what current trends in opioid use are in pediatric burn patients and areas for improvement in parent education for over-the-counter pain medication use, opioid use, opioid storage, and disposal. From the study, we were able to glean that the majority of patients are successfully managed with over-the-counter pain medications. However, parents and patients managed with opioids need additional education on appropriate administration of opioid pain medications, safe locked storage of opioids, and opioid disposal. This demonstrates an area for quality improvement inpatient and outpatient.
A Musical Audio Search Method Based on Self-Similarity Features (2007)

We propose a method for musical audio search based on signal matching. A major problem in the signal matching approach to musical audio search has been key variation; if the key of a query signal is significantly different from the one in the stored database, the search will fail. To cope with this problem, our method newly employs self-similarity as the feature for signal matching. The self-similarity proposed here is similarity of the power spectrum defined between two time points within an audio signal. We show that the method increases the robustness of musical audio search with respect to key variation. In our experimentation, for example, the proposed method yields precision and recall rates of around 0.75 even when the pitches in queries and stored signals differ from each other by seven semitones, whereas a conventional signal matching method does not produce meaningful results in such a case.
A Time-Resolved NIR Lock-In Pixel CMOS Image Sensor With Background Cancelling Capability for Remote Heart Rate Detection (2018)

This paper presents a time-resolved (TR) CMOS image sensor (CIS) using two-tap near-infrared (NIR) lock-in pixels with background light (BGL) cancelling capability for remote heart rate (HR) detection. Aimed to the application, the sensor features a 1024 (V) x 1280 (H) spatial resolution with 412 (V)x 1280 (H) region-of-interest-readout (ROI-readout) at 30 fps, a high sensitivity of 134.8 ke <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> /lux · s, and an ultralow temporal random noise of 1.13 e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> at analog gain of 64. A maximum charge modulation ratio of 90.1% is obtained for realizing lock-in operation by means of in-pixel lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM). The remote HR detection is achieved by capturing the heart-beat-induced temporal variation of the oxy-hemoglobin (HbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) concentration by the developed TR CIS with NIR lock-in technique, and larger than 98% detection accuracies are attained under both non-visible-light condition and fluctuant brightness ambient-light environments. This remarkable feature demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method for driver monitoring applications in particular.
Force Calculation in 3-D Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Networks With a Maxwell Stress Tensor (2009)

Magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) models are increasingly valuable for analysis and design of electromechanical devices, particularly electrical machines, because of their moderate computational effort and reasonable accuracy. Force and torque calculations in prior MEC implementations are almost exclusively based on the virtual work method (VWM) adapted to the specific device model. But VWM does not easily extend to a general MEC modeling approach. In this paper, the more direct Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method is applied to a general 3-D MEC modeling framework. MST theory and implementation are presented. Its application is discussed with the example of an electromagnet. Results are compared to both measurements and analytical and finite-element models.
Noncompetitive, Chemokine-mediated Inhibition of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced Endothelial Cell Proliferation (1998)

The proinflammatory and chemoattractant chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) inhibits cell proliferation induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in mouse endothelial cells isolated from subcutaneous sponge implant (sponge-induced mouse endothelial cells) and in bovine aortic endothelial GM 7373 cells. The mechanism of action of IL-8 was investigated in GM 7373 cells. IL-8 did not prevent the binding of bFGF to its tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs) nor to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). A transient interaction of IL-8 with the cell before the addition of the growth factor was sufficient to prevent bFGF activity. The inhibitory activity of IL-8 was abolished by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and was mimicked by the PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Accordingly, both IL-8 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate caused a approximately 60% decrease of the binding capacity of GM 7373 cells due to the down-regulation of FGFRs. Several C-X-C and C-C chemokines exerted an inhibitory action on bFGF activity similar to IL-8. Soluble heparin, 6-O-desulfated heparin, N-desulfated heparin, and heparan sulfate but not 2-O-desulfated heparin, chondroitin-4-sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and K5 polysaccharide abrogated IL-8 inhibitory activity consistently with the presence of low affinity, high capacity HSPG-like chemokine-binding sites on GM 7373 cells. Finally, neovascularization induced by bFGF in murine subcutaneous sponge implants was reduced significantly by IL-8. In conclusion, IL-8 inhibits the mitogenic activity exerted by bFGF on cultured endothelial cells by a PKC-dependent, noncompetitive mechanism of action that causes FGFR down-regulation. This activity is shared by several chemokines and requires endothelial cell surface HSPGs. The endothelial cell line utilized in the present study may help to elucidate the complex interplay among chemokines, HSPGs, growth factors, and receptors in endothelial cells.
Precise positioning using model-based maps (2002)

This paper addresses the coupled tasks of constructing a spatial representation of the environment with a mobile robot using noisy sensors (sonar) and using such a map to determine the robot's position. The map is not meant to represent the actual spatial structure of the environment so much as it is meant to represent the major structural components of what the robot "sees". This can, in turn, be used to construct a model of the physical objects in the environment. One problem with such an approach is that maintaining an absolute coordinate system for the map is difficult without periodically calibrating the robot's position. The authors demonstrate that in a suitable environment it is possible to use sonar data to correct position and orientation estimates on an ongoing basis. This is accomplished by incrementally constructing and updating a model-based description of the acquired data. Given coarse position estimates of the robot's location and orientation, these can be refined to high accuracy using the stored map and a set of sonar readings from a single position. This approach is then generalized to allow global position estimation, where position and orientation estimates may not be available. The authors consider the accuracy of the method based on a single sonar reading and illustrate its region of convergence using empirical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modeling Coherence for Discourse Neural Machine Translation (2018)

Discourse coherence plays an important role in the translation of one text. However, the previous reported models most focus on improving performance over individual sentence while ignoring cross-sentence links and dependencies, which affects the coherence of the text. In this paper, we propose to use discourse context and reward to refine the translation quality from the discourse perspective. In particular, we generate the translation of individual sentences at first. Next, we deliberate the preliminary produced translations, and train the model to learn the policy that produces discourse coherent text by a reward teacher. Practical results on multiple discourse test datasets indicate that our model significantly improves the translation quality over the state-of-the-art baseline system by +1.23 BLEU score. Moreover, our model generates more discourse coherent text and obtains +2.2 BLEU improvements when evaluated by discourse metrics.
Potent Action of RFamide-Related Peptide-3 on Pituitary Gonadotropes Indicative of a Hypophysiotropic Role in the Negative Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion (2008)

We identified a gene in the ovine hypothalamus encoding for RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), and tested the hypothesis that this system produces a hypophysiotropic hormone that inhibits the function of pituitary gonadotropes. The RFRP-3 gene encodes for a peptide that appears identical to human RFRP-3 homolog. Using an antiserum raised against RFRP-3, cells were localized to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus/paraventricular nucleus of the ovine brain and shown to project to the neurosecretory zone of the ovine median eminence, predicating a role for this peptide in the regulation of anterior pituitary gland function. Ovine RFRP-3 peptide was tested for biological activity in vitro and in vivo, and was shown to reduce LH and FSH secretion in a specific manner. RFRP-3 potently inhibited GnRH-stimulated mobilization of intracellular calcium in gonadotropes. These data indicate that RFRP-3 is a specific and potent mammalian gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone, and that it acts upon pituitary gonadotropes to reduce GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion.
In Vivo Ester Hydrolysis as a New Approach in Development of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Imaging Hypoxia (2019)

Hypoxia is an important biochemical and physiological condition associated with uncontrolled growth of tumor. Measurement of hypoxia in tumor tissue may be useful in characterization of tumor progression and monitoring drug treatment. [<sup>18</sup>F]FMISO is the most widely employed radiotracer for imaging of hypoxic tissue with positron emission tomography (PET). However, it showed relatively low uptake in hypoxic tissues, which led to low target-to-background contrast in PET images. To overcome these shortcomings, two novel 2-fluoroproprioic acid esters, nitroimidazole derivatives 2-fluoropropionic acid 2-(2-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester (FNPFT, [<sup>19</sup>F]5) and 2-fluoropropionic acid 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethyl ester (FMNPFT, [<sup>19</sup>F]8), were prepared and tested. Radiolabeling of [<sup>18</sup>F]5 and [<sup>18</sup>F]8 was accomplished in 45 min (radiochemical purity >95%, the decay-corrected radiochemical yield of [<sup>18</sup>F]5 was 11 ± 2%, and that of [<sup>18</sup>F]8 was 13 ± 2%, n = 5). In vitro cell uptake studies using EMT-6 tumor cells showed that both radiotracers [<sup>18</sup>F]5 and [<sup>18</sup>F]8 displayed significantly higher uptake in hypoxic cells than those under normoxic condition, while 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropionic acid (2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FPA) displayed no difference. Biodistribution studies in mice bearing EMT-6 tumor showed that [<sup>18</sup>F]5, [<sup>18</sup>F]8, and 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FPA displayed similar tumor and major organ uptakes. Tumor uptake values for all three agents were higher than those of [<sup>18</sup>F]FMISO, respectively ( P < 0.05). This is likely due to a rapid in vivo hydrolysis of [<sup>18</sup>F]5 and [<sup>18</sup>F]8 to their metabolite, 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FPA. Micro PET imaging studies in the same EMT-6 implanted mice tumor model also demonstrated that both [<sup>18</sup>F]5 and [<sup>18</sup>F]8 displayed similar tumor uptake comparable to that of 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FPA. In conclusion, two new fluorine-18 labeled nitroimidazole derivatives, [<sup>18</sup>F]5 and [<sup>18</sup>F]8, showed good tumor uptakes in mice bearing EMT-6 tumor. However, in vivo biodistribution results suggested that they were more likely reflect the predominance of in vivo produced metabolite, 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FPA, which may not be related to tumor hypoxic condition.
Metallomesogen (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Ninth Cranial Nerve Stimulation for Epilepsy Control (2002)

The results of this pilot study suggest that stimulation of the HN can successfully control focal seizure activity in the majority of cases. Pending further study, stimulation of the HN may have a role in the management of patients suffering from medically and otherwise surgically refractory epilepsy.