gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Performed in RPMI 1640 Reveals Azithromycin Efficacy against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Predicts In Vivo Outcomes in Galleria mellonella (2022)

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in RPMI 1640, a more physiologically relevant culture medium, revealed that a substantial proportion of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic not currently considered effective against A. baumannii. Experiments using Galleria mellonella validated these <i>in vitro</i> data. Our finding that RPMI 1640's predictive accuracy for <i>in vivo</i> outcomes is superior to that of Mueller-Hinton II broth also supports the use of more physiologically relevant AST culturing conditions.
Annealing induced refinement on optical transmission and electrical resistivity of indium tin oxide (2009)

The effect of annealing condition on sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) films on quartz with the thickness of 200 nm is characterized to show enhanced optical transparency and optimized electrical contact resistivity. The as-deposited grown ITO film exhibits only 65% and 80% transmittance at 532 and 632.8 nm, respectively. After annealing at 475 C for 15 min, the ITO film is refined to show improved transmittance at shorter wavelength region. The transmittances of 88.1% at 532 nm and 90.4% at 632.8 nm can be obtained. The 325-nm transmittance of the post-annealed ITO film is greatly increased from 12.7% to 41.9%. Optimized electrical property can be obtained when annealing below 450 C, leading to a minimum sheet resistance of 26 /square. Such an ITO film with enhanced ultraviolet (UV) transmittance has become an alternative candidate for applications in current UV photonic devices. The morphology and conductance of the as-deposited and annealed ITO films are determined by using an atomic force microscopy (AFM), showing a great change on the uniformity distribution with finite improvement on the surface conductance of the ITO film after annealing.
Analysis of global properties of shapes (2010)

P16 immunoreactivity and HPV genotyping by real-time PCR may be useful markers of HPV infection in OSCC. However, although HPV-related OSCC showed good outcomes, HPV infection may have a minor role in oral oncogenesis in Japanese patients.
Total Incontinence Secondary to Sphincter Destruction after Prostate Cryotherapy for Recurrent Prostatic Carcinoma (1996)

We report a case of total urinary incontinence secondary to sphincter destruction after prostate cryotherapy for recurrent prostatic carcinoma in a 64-year-old man. Periurethral collagen injection was impossible due to inadequate penetration of the injection needle, because of severe scarring and fibrotic changes of the urethra after cryotherapy.
Multimodality Imaging of β-Cells in Mouse Models of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes (2011)

MIP-TF mice provide a new tool for monitoring β-cells from the single cell level to noninvasive assessments of β-cells in models of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Voltage-Driven Magnetization Switching Controlled by Microwave Electric Field Pumping (2020)

We study the dynamic switching properties of a nanomagnet under microwave electric field pumping. The periodic modulation of an anisotropy field induced by microwave electric field pumping efficiently excites the uniform magnetization oscillation, allowing for precise control of magnetization switching. Accurate shaping of the pumping voltage waveform also enables us to investigate the transient reaction of magnetization to the relative phase difference of the pumping signal. We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically the existence of a <i>dead angle</i> in which the uniform oscillation of magnetization is inhibited even though the microwave frequency itself satisfies the conditions of parametric excitation. Our results provide an energy-efficient way of manipulating ultrafast magnetization dynamics in nanomagnetic devices.
TEM study on the formation and charge stabilization of nanosized colloidal particles (1990)

Spherical colloidal silica particles of uniform size are formed through aggregation. This observation contradicts the well-accepted concept that aggregation must be inhibited to produce monosized colloidal particles. In an attempt to explain this dilemma, the present work was undertaken to address the following questions: (i) why do particles form aggregates first and then break into small particles in later stages, (ii) what determines the final particle size, and (iii) why do final particles have a narrow size distribution. Colloidal gold particles, which were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate in dilute aqueous solution, were the chosen system. The particles were studied by TEM at different stages of the formation process with a Phillips EM 430T at 300 kV. The TEM samples were prepared by transferring a small amount of the solution onto a TEM copper grid covered with a carbon film and the excess water was removed immediately by filter paper. During the formation stages, the mobility of the particles was also monitored by electrophoretic light scattering.
Physico-chemical Behavior of the Wastewater Treatment System from Puerto Berrío, Colombia (2020)

Waste stabilization ponds are an excellent alternative for municipal wastewater treatment in many developing countries located in tropical areas. This research study shows behavior results of several physicochemical parameters from the treatment system of Puerto Berro Municipality in Colombia, a city with a hot and humid weather. Two field monitorings were carried out, one in the dry season and another in the rainy one at the inlet and outlet of the treatment system. Results showed a good behavior in the removal of main pollutants from the treated wastewater.
Emerging drugs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2012)

Multiple treatment approaches have emerged. Most attractive are molecular-based therapies that can express the missing dystrophin protein (exon skipping or mutation suppression) or a surrogate gene product (utrophin). Other approaches include increasing the strength of muscles (myostatin inhibitors), reducing muscle fibrosis and decreasing oxidative stress. Additional targets include inhibiting NF-κB to reduce inflammation or promoting skeletal muscle blood flow and muscle contractility using phosphodiesterase inhibitors or nitric oxide (NO) donors. The potential for each of these treatment strategies to enter clinical trials is a central theme of discussion. The review emphasizes that the goal of treatment should be to find a product at least as good as glucocorticoids with a lower side effect profile or with a significant glucocorticoid sparing effect.
Base-free glucose oxidation using air with supported gold catalysts (2014)

We report the selective oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid under mild conditions and show that if a basic support is used then the reaction can be carried out without the addition of sacrificial base or pH control.
Near net shape processing of continuous lengths of superconducting wire (2023)

A system and method for mechanically forming a ceramic superconductor product. A system for making the ceramic superconductor includes a metallic channel portion having a cross section for receiving a ceramic superconductor powder, a roll to mechanically reduce the channel cross section and included superconductor powder and a cap portion welded to the channel portion using a localized high energy source. The assembled bar is then mechanically reduced to form a tape or wire end product.
Tricyclic GyrB/ParE (TriBE) Inhibitors: A New Class of Broad-Spectrum Dual-Targeting Antibacterial Agents (2013)

Increasing resistance to every major class of antibiotics and a dearth of novel classes of antibacterial agents in development pipelines has created a dwindling reservoir of treatment options for serious bacterial infections. The bacterial type IIA topoisomerases, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, are validated antibacterial drug targets with multiple prospective drug binding sites, including the catalytic site targeted by the fluoroquinolone antibiotics. However, growing resistance to fluoroquinolones, frequently mediated by mutations in the drug-binding site, is increasingly limiting the utility of this antibiotic class, prompting the search for other inhibitor classes that target different sites on the topoisomerase complexes. The highly conserved ATP-binding subunits of DNA gyrase (GyrB) and topoisomerase IV (ParE) have long been recognized as excellent candidates for the development of dual-targeting antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum potential. However, to date, no natural product or small molecule inhibitors targeting these sites have succeeded in the clinic, and no inhibitors of these enzymes have yet been reported with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity encompassing the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Using structure-based drug design (SBDD), we have created a novel dual-targeting pyrimidoindole inhibitor series with exquisite potency against GyrB and ParE enzymes from a broad range of clinically important pathogens. Inhibitors from this series demonstrate potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens of clinical importance, including fluoroquinolone resistant and multidrug resistant strains. Lead compounds have been discovered with clinical potential; they are well tolerated in animals, and efficacious in Gram-negative infection models.
Quantum-Spillover-Enhanced Surface-Plasmonic Absorption at the Interface of Silver and High-Index Dielectrics (2015)

We demonstrate an unexpectedly strong surface-plasmonic absorption at the interface of silver and high-index dielectrics based on electron and photon spectroscopy. The measured bandwidth and intensity of absorption deviate significantly from the classical theory. Our density-functional calculation well predicts the occurrence of this phenomenon. It reveals that due to the low metal-to-dielectric work function at such interfaces, conduction electrons can display a drastic quantum spillover, causing the interfacial electron-hole pair production to dominate the decay of surface plasmons. This finding can be of fundamental importance in understanding and designing quantum nano-plasmonic devices that utilize noble metals and high-index dielectrics.
Ownerships for reasoning about parallelism : type system and semantics (2009)

Technical Report to accompany Ownership for Reasoning About Parallelism. Documents type system which captures effects and the operational semantics for the language which is presented as part of the paper.
Technology Inflection Points (2016)

Transistor design is becoming exciting again. FinFETs will take us to 7nm technology node. Beyond that, we tailor semiconductor bandstructure to optimize transistor behavior. Quantum transport analysis of transistors scaled from 10nm to 2nm design rules shows that the last node where materials with high mobility like Ge and III-V can be used is the 7nm node. At 5nm design rules and beyond, the high mobility materials exhibit unacceptable direct source-to-drain leakage and therefore become uncompetitive to silicon. Even silicon will require a careful choice of crystal orientation or a stress engineering to slow down the electrons and holes. In terms of transistor architecture, at 5nm, either a switch to nanowires or SiGe channel cladding can be used to extend the FinFET lifespan. One other key point is that Design-Technology Co-Optimization (DTCO) suggests that perfecting a single transistor is not enough to get a good Power-Performance-Area (PPA) trade-off. We employ standard library cells as a vehicle for benchmarking transistor and interconnect architectures. At 5nm design rules, several new trade-off choices come into play and enable further gains in terms of the PPA optimization.
Two-Dimensional Raman Correlation Spectroscopy Study of Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] Copolymers (2017)

Two-dimensional correlation analysis was applied to the time-dependent evolution of Raman spectra during the isothermal crystallization of bioplastic, poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate- co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] or PHBHx copolymer. Simultaneous Raman measurement of both carbonyl stretching and low-frequency crystalline lattice mode regions made it possible to carry out the highly informative hetero-mode correlation analysis. The crystallization process of PHBHx involves: (1) the early nucleation stage; (2) the primary growth of well-ordered crystals of PHBHx; and (3) the secondary crystal growth phase. The latter stage probably occurs in the inter-lamellar region, with an accompanying reduction of the amorphous component, which occurs most dominantly during the primary crystal growth. The development of a fully formed lamellar structure comprising the 2<sub>1</sub> helices occurs after the primary growth of crystals. In the later stage, secondary inter lamellar space crystallization occurs after the full formation of packed helices comprising the lamellae.
OPTIMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FOR ORDINAL RESPONSES (1997)

Optimal classification formulation is adapted to the context of discrimination when the response is ordinal. The resulting method, optimal discriminant analysis for ordinal responses (ODAO), is presented and compared with two reference discrimination techniques used in this context (proportional-odds ordinal logistic regression and normal discrimination) using a study of prognosis following burn injuries and simulated data. The ODAO method clearly outperforms both reference methods in terms of classification accuracy (in training and validation samples), robustness to outliers, simplicity of use and applicability in clinical settings. ODAO is a promising method for improving classification performance in discrimination with ordinal responses and merits further investigation. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of Current Process Modeling Approaches to Determine Their Limitations, Applicability and Developments Needed for Long-Fiber Thermoplastic Injection Molded Composites (2006)

This report describes the status of the current process modeling approaches to predict the behavior and flow of fiber-filled thermoplastics under injection molding conditions. Previously, models have been developed to simulate the injection molding of short-fiber thermoplastics, and an as-formed composite part or component can then be predicted that contains a microstructure resulting from the constituents’ material properties and characteristics as well as the processing parameters. Our objective is to assess these models in order to determine their capabilities and limitations, and the developments needed for long-fiber injection-molded thermoplastics (LFTs). First, the concentration regimes are summarized to facilitate the understanding of different types of fiber-fiber interaction that can occur for a given fiber volume fraction. After the formulation of the fiber suspension flow problem and the simplification leading to the Hele-Shaw approach, the interaction mechanisms are discussed. Next, the establishment of the rheological constitutive equation is presented that reflects the coupled flow/orientation nature. The decoupled flow/orientation approach is also discussed which constitutes a good simplification for many applications involving flows in thin cavities. Finally, before outlining the necessary developments for LFTs, some applications of the current orientation model and the so-called modified Folgar-Tucker model are illustrated through the fiber orientation predictions for selected LFT samples.
Supplementary Figures 1-7, Table 1 from Overcoming Hypoxia-Induced Apoptotic Resistance through Combinatorial Inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1 (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-7, Table 1 from Overcoming Hypoxia-Induced Apoptotic Resistance through Combinatorial Inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1
Hyperbolic Metamaterial route to engineer the photonic density of states (2010)

We demonstrate the decrease in the spontaneous emission lifetime of dye molecules due to the enhanced photonic density of states (PDOS) of a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), opening the route to PDOS engineered HMM devices.
Apolipoprotein E4 Polymorphism and Outcomes from Traumatic Brain Injury: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

The mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been largely static despite advances in monitoring and imaging techniques. Substantial variance exists in outcome, not fully accounted for by baseline characteristics or injury severity, and genetic factors likely play a role in this variance. The aims of this systematic review were to examine the evidence for a link between the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) polymorphism and TBI outcomes and where possible, to quantify the effect size via meta-analysis. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and gray literature in December 2017. We included studies of APOE genotype in relation to functional adult TBI outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies Risk of Bias Assessment Instrument and the prognostic studies adaptation of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool. In addition, we contacted investigators and included an additional 160 patients whose data had not been made available for previous analyses, giving a total sample size of 2593 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated higher odds of a favorable outcome following TBI in those not possessing an ApoE ɛ4 allele compared with ɛ4 carriers and homozygotes (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.84; <i>p</i> = 0.02). The influence of APOE4 on neuropsychological functioning following TBI remained uncertain, with multiple conflicting studies. We conclude that the ApoE ɛ4 allele confers a small risk of poor outcome following TBI, with analysis by TBI severity not possible based on the currently available published data. Further research into the long-term neuropsychological impact and risk of dementia is warranted.
β-Tubulin mRNA as a Marker of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst Viability (1999)

Determining the viability of waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts remains a technical challenge. rRNA and mRNA were evaluated in a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay as potential markers of oocyst viability. The rationale for this approach is the rapid turnover and postmortem decay of cellular RNA. The beta-tubulin mRNA and an anonymous mRNA transcript were chosen as potential markers because they are the only mRNA species in C. parvum known to possess introns. This feature facilitated the distinction between genuine RT-PCR products and PCR products originating from copurifying DNA. Prolonged incubation at room temperature of initially viable oocysts resulted in a gradual decrease in mRNA levels, which correlated with the loss of oocyst infectivity to neonatal mice. In contrast, oocysts stored at 4 degrees C for over 39 weeks maintained their infectivity and displayed no decrease in the level of beta-tubulin RT-PCR product. The postmortem decay of two mRNA species demonstrates that RT-PCR analysis can provide information on the viability of C. parvum oocysts. The methodological similarity between PCR detection and RT-PCR viability analysis could facilitate the development of a combined detection and viability assay.
<title>3D micromachined devices based on polyimide joint technology</title> (1999)

A novel and simple technology for making robust 3D silicon structures with small radii of bending has been developed and investigated. The proposed self-assembling method of bending 3D structure out-of-plane, without the use of interlocking braces is based on thermal shrinkage of polyimide in V-grooves. The static bending angle for the permanent out-of-plane rotated structure can be chosen and well controlled over a wide range by varying the curing temperature of the polyimide and the number of V-grooves in the joint.
Self-optimized Coverage Coordination and Coverage Analysis in Femtocell Networks (2009)

This paper proposes a self-optimized coverage coordination scheme for two-tier femtocell networks, in which a femtocell base station adjusts the transmit power based on the statistics of the signal and the interference power that is measured at a femtocell downlink. Furthermore, an analytic expression is derived for the coverage leakage probability that a femtocell coverage area leaks into an outdoor macrocell. The coverage analysis is verified by simulation, which shows that the proposed scheme provides sufficient indoor femtocell coverage and that the femtocell coverage does not leak into an outdoor macrocell. Index Terms Femtocell, self-optimized coverage coordination, downlink power control, coverage analysis
Downhole Fluid Analysis–The Key to Unraveling Reservoir Complexities (2009)

In recent years, there has been a growing realization that improper treatment of reservoir complexities such as compartmentalization and fluid compositional variation commonly lead to gross inefficiencies in facilities design, production strategies and predicted production; new methods are mandated. (A compartment must be penetrated by a well to drain.) Previous twin working assumptions of homogeneous distributions of hydrocarbons in giant reservoir ‘tanks’ or compartments are now understood to be uncommon; one must prove, not assume the value of the reservoir. It is now understood that reservoir fluids not only exhibit complex distributions, but these distributions are frequently not in equilibrium. Even though the fluids have been in reservoirs for geologic time, there can be active processes involving reservoir fluids such as biodegradation that preclude establishing. In addition, diffusion at the reservoir length scale is slow even on geologic time scales often resulting in preservation of disequilibrium associated with the hydrocarbon charge history. While these complex fluid distributions create difficulties in production, they can be very useful to address reservoir architecture, one of the least understood technical issues in the oil business. Man has been to the moon but not to a subsurface oil reservoir. Sealing barriers that have huge production implications are often not evident in seismic and not even in standard petrophysical logging. Nevertheless, the distributions of reservoir fluids reflect these barriers associated with the hydrocarbon charge. The central questions arise: how can we identify fluid compositional variations in the reservoir and how can we use these measured variations to understand reservoir architecture (all within an acceptable cost structure)?
Fiber Scanner Modeling as the Basis for New Scanning Fiber Endoscopes (2005)

In order to develop a one-millimeter outside diameter endoscope we have moved away from using a bundle of optical fibers that are an integral part of current endoscopes. To achieve the field of view and the resolution requirements in spite of the small diameter we are using a single optical fiber that acts as a scanning source. Photo detectors positioned along the side of the scanning fiber detect the backscattered light and software then reconstructs the image on a monitor. The single optical fiber moves in a spiral scan pattern that is produced using a four quadrant piezoelectric tube as the actuator. The optical fiber is fed through the center of the piezoelectric tube and glued into place.