gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross‐linking of surface IgM or IgD causes differential biological effects in spite of overlap in tyrosine (de)phosphorylation profile (1992)

Although displaying similar amounts of surface IgM and IgD, ECH 408-1 cells only succumb to apoptosis after cross-linking of IgM (not IgD), suggesting that different signaling pathways couple to both receptors. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed the presence of several proteins selectively associated with IgM and IgD, thus ruling out that the lack of inhibitory signaling mediated by IgD might be due to membrane expression in the absence of associated proteins belonging to the B cell receptor complex. 32P metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that IgM and IgD are associated with phosphoproteins of 32-33 kDa in an isotype-specific fashion. Kinetic analyses of tyrosine kinase activity showed that cross-linking of surface IgM or IgD resulted in the rapid (1-3 min) phosphorylation of several protein substrates on tyrosine residues, followed by a dephosphorylation step. Isotype-specific changes of the phosphorylation status specifically affected molecules in the 32-33 kDa range, i.e. IgM (not IgD) cross-linking affected a approximately 32-kDa protein, whereas IgD (not IgM) cross-linking induced phosphorylation of a protein exhibiting a slightly lower mobility (33 kDa). These results suggest that isotype-specific immunoglobulin-associated molecules could be involved in the second messenger cascade leading to different biological effects upon IgM and IgD cross-linking.
Characterization of Fs-laser induced unintended, periodic structures in hydroxy-ethyl-methacrylat (HEMA) (2013)

In ophthalmic surgery fs laser pulses are used as a precise and safe cutting tool. At specific processing parameters, however, an interesting phenomenon of unintended periodic structures inside the tissue can be observed. In this study, a transparent polymer served as ocular phantom material for further investigations. A Femtosecond laser with MHz-repetition rate and pulse energies below 200 nJ was used. The size of the durable material change caused by applied fs-single pulses was measured in regard to the pulse energy. Furthermore, lines were cut inside the material with different laser spot distances and laser pulse energies. The creation and enhancement of unintended step-like structures could be related to a decrease of spot distance and further increase of pulse energy. Cutting planes inside the material resulted also in a formation of step like structures. For planes the step-like structures were formed with different orientation in the x-y-plane in regard to the used line distance between two applied lines. A maximum step height of 75 &mu;m was measured using our setup. Those periodic structures are unwanted for any application in the field of laser material processing, ophthalmology or biomedical sectioning. Hence, investigations of the parameters which trigger this phenomenon are of great interest.
The Bacterial Gq Signal Transduction Inhibitor Fr900359 Impairs Soil-associated and Plant Pathogenic Nematodes (2023)

Abstract The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is derived from the soil bacterium Chromobacterium vaccinii and known to bind G q proteins of mammals and insects, thereby abolishing the signal transduction of their G q protein-coupled receptors, a process that leads to severe physiological consequences. Due to their highly conserved structure, G q family of proteins are a superior ecological target for FR producing organisms, resulting in a defense towards a broad range of harmful organisms. Here, we focus on the question whether bacteria like C. vaccinii are important factors in soil in that their secondary metabolites impair, e.g., plant harming organisms like nematodes. We prove that the G q inhibitor FR is produced under soil-like conditions. Furthermore, FR inhibits heterologously expressed Gα q proteins of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera schachtii in the micromolar range. Additionally, in vivo experiments with C. elegans and the plant parasitic cyst nematode H. schachtii demonstrated that FR reduces locomotion of C. elegans and H. schachtii . Finally, egg-laying of C. elegans and hatching of juvenile stage 2 of H. schachtii from its cysts is inhibited by FR, suggesting that FR might reduce nematode dispersion and proliferation. This study supports the idea that C. vaccinii and its excreted metabolome in the soil might contribute to an ecological equilibrium, maintaining and establishing the successful growth of plants.
ChemInform Abstract: Submonomer Solution Synthesis of Hydrazinoazapeptoids, a New Class of Pseudopeptides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-thin biocompatible implantable chip for bidirectional communication with peripheral nerves (2017)

To realize optimal recording and stimulation of peripheral nerve cells, a CMOS chip is made with a multitude of electrodes which can be individually addressed in order to select after implantation the 16 best positioned electrodes. Since the Foreign Body Reaction should be minimal for optimum electrode-nerve contact, the CMOS chip is thinned down to 35um and fully packaged resulting in a 75um thin encapsulated chip. The chip is embedded in a biocompatible stack consisting of polymers and inorganic diffusion barriers deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD). A biocompatible metallization is realized using gold and platinum sandwiched between polymers and ALD layers for flexible interconnects, and iridium oxide (IrOx) is selected as electrode material for optimal charge injection during stimulation. After this dedicated packaging based on the FITEP technology platform (Flexible Implantable Thin Electronic Package), the CMOS chip is still fully functional, which was tested dry (in air) as well as during submersion in saline. The form factor of the packaged chip is optimized for intra-fascicular implantation with minimum tissue damage. First acute in vivo stimulation tests proved that the stimulation capabilities of the IrOx electrodes are very good.
Ouzo polymerization: A bottom-up green synthesis of polymer nanoparticles by free-radical polymerization of monomers spontaneously nucleated by the Ouzo effect; Application to molecular imprinting (2022)

Compositions in the Ouzo region of the ternary phase diagram provided spontaneous and instantaneous formation of nucleated monomer droplets. Free-radical polymerization, promoted by heat or UV light, transformed the droplets into polymer nanoparticles in a green and sustainable route. Addition of cortisol created polymer nanoparticles with high affinity for cortisol in aqueous media. Competition studies showed some cross-reaction with other steroids, comparable to that found with antibodies, and complete discrimination of structurally unrelated drug molecules.
Realised levels of geometric complexity in additive manufacturing (2011)

The emergence of Additive Manufacturing (AM) is seen by many as a promising addition to the existing spectrum of manufacturing technology. Assessing a sample of 43 AM produced components, this paper investigates features of complex part geometry. It is found that the measured levels of geometric complexity approximate the normal distribution. Results indicate several factors promoting complexity: membership of the medical industry, organisational stability and the utilisation of powder bed or polymer vat AM technology. The current paper provides some empirical evidence that AM adoption may lead to advances in product performance for a wide range of applications.
Photo‐triggered microgel aggregation using o‐nitrobenzaldehyde as aggregating power source Part A Polymer chemistry (2016)

In this work, cationic and anionic microgels which are mainly formed from thermal responsive polymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), are prepared and mixed in water. These microgels interact with each other due to the electrostatic interaction, and aggregate voluntarily. By applying the microgel aggregating system, photo‐responsive aggregating system is constructed by using o‐nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA), which reacts and releases hydrogen triggered by photo stimuli. The microgel aggregates in an aqueous solution of NBA re‐disperse depending on the irradiation time of UV light. In addition, by masking the UV irradiated area, the resultant shapes of microgel aggregates are controlled. The aggregated microgel shows rapid and drastic volume changes in response to heat. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1317‐1322
Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Into Hepatocytes: Biological Functions and Therapeutic Application (2003)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide a unique source for tissue regeneration. We examined whether mouse ES cells can efficiently differentiate into transplantable hepatocytes. ES cells were implanted into mouse livers 24 hours after carbon tetrachloride intoxication; ES-derived cells with several hepatocyte-cell-markers were generated. They were able to grow in vitro and showed morphology consistent with typical mature hepatocytes and expressed hepatocyte-specific genes. After transplantation into the carbon tetrachloride-injured mouse liver, ES-derived green fluorescent protein-positive cells were incorporated into liver tissue and rescued mice from hepatic injury. No teratoma formation was observed in the transplant recipients. In conclusion, ES cells can provide a valuable tool for studying the molecular basis for differentiation of hepatocytes and form the basis for cell therapies.
Stereochemical studies on reversible metal-nitrogen transfer of alkyl and aryl groups in chiral cobalt(III) porphyrins. Relevance to the mechanism of a metabolic heme inactivation process (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical studies on reversible metal-nitrogen transfer of alkyl and aryl groups in chiral cobalt(III) porphyrins. Relevance to the mechanism of a metabolic heme inactivation processKatsuaki Konishi, Takashi Sugino, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 17, 6487–6491Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00017a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00017a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-efficiency blue LEDs with thin AlGaN interlayers in InGaN/GaN MQWs grown on Si (111) substrates (2016)

We demonstrate high-efficiency blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with thin AlGaN interlayers in InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells (MQWs) grown on Si (111) substrates. The peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) &eta;<sub>EQE</sub> of 82% at room temperature and the hot/cold factor (HCF) of 94% have been obtained by using the functional thin AlGaN interlayers in the MQWs in addition to reducing threading dislocation densities (TDDs) in the blue LEDs. An HCF is defined as &eta;<sub>EQE</sub>(85&deg;C)/&eta;<sub>EQE</sub>(25&deg;C). The blue LED structures were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on Si (111) substrates. The MQWs applied as an active layer have 8- pairs of InGaN/Al<sub>y</sub>Ga<sub>1-y</sub>N/GaN (0&le;y&le;1) heterostructures. Thinfilm LEDs were fabricated by removing the Si (111) substrates from the grown layers. It is observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe analysis that the 1 nm-thick Al<sub>y</sub>Ga<sub>1-y</sub>N interlayers, whose Al content is y=0.3 or less, are continuously formed. EQE and the HCFs of the LEDs with thin Al<sub>0.15</sub>Ga<sub>0.85</sub>N interlayers are enhanced compared with those of the samples without the interlayers in the low-current-density region. We consider that the enhancement is due to both the reduction of the nonradiative recombination centers and the increase of the radiative recombination rate mediated by the strain-induced hole carriers indicated by the simulation of the energy band diagram.
Exploring Species-Specificity in TLR4/MD-2 Inhibition with Amphiphilic Lipid A Mimicking Glycolipids (2023)

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) complex is a key receptor of the innate immune system and a major driver of inflammation that is responsible for the multifaceted defense response to Gram-negative infections. However, dysfunction in the tightly regulated mechanisms of TLR4-mediated signaling leads to the uncontrolled upregulation of local and systemic inflammation, often resulting in acute or chronic disease. Therefore, the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex is an attractive target for the design and development of anti-inflammatory therapies which aim to control the unrestrained activation of TLR4-mediated signaling. Complex structure-activity relationships and species-specificity behind ligand recognition by the TLR4/MD-2 complex complicate the development of MD-2-specific TLR4 antagonists. The restriction of the conformational flexibility of the disaccharide polar head group is one of the key structural features of the newly developed lipid A-mimicking glycophospholipids, which are potential inhibitors of TLR4-mediated inflammation. Since phosphorylation has a crucial influence on MD-2-ligand interaction, glycolipids with variable numbers and positioning of phosphate groups were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling in human and murine immune cells. A bis-phosphorylated glycolipid was found to have nanomolar antagonist activity on human TLR4 while acting as a partial agonist on murine TLR4. The glycolipid inhibited mTLR4/MD-2-mediated cytokine release, acting as an antagonist in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but at the same time induced low-level cytokine production.
Sequencing the Multiple Myeloma Kinome: Absence of Mutation in Known Malignancy-Associated Kinases. (2004)

Abstract In approximately 50% of Multiple Myeloma (MM), translocation of non random genes into the IgH locus is believed to be the seminal event in the pathogenesis of the disease. Another 50% of cases are hyperdiploid and trisomic to certain autosomes, but do not harbor any translocation and thus are believed to have genetic alterations in unidentified loci. These observations, together with the finding of somatic mutations in FGFR3, N- and K-RAS, MYC, TP53 and CDKN2C/p18INK4C during the later stages of MM indicate that defective signaling pathways likely play a role in the progression of this malignancy. Of relevance then, in recent years recurrent mutations in kinases have frequently been implicated in malignancies including notably colon cancer and melanoma. We have therefore begun a comprehensive effort to sequence the tyrosine kinome for mutations and genetic polymorphisms in MM. Of particular interest are 90 receptor tyrosine kinases, 43 receptor tyrosine kinase-like, 5 receptor guanylate cyclase, and a lipid kinase. We report here results from our pilot high throughput exon scanning in 32 human MM cell lines which initially focused on 13 kinases known to be somatically mutated in human cancers. To date we have expanded this effort to assess 30 genes with sequence obtained which currently spans 80% coverage of the kinase domains of these genes. A total of 1.9 million bp have been sequenced across 235 exons. No recurrent mutations have been identified in the kinase domains of the cancer-associated genes: SRC, ILK1, KIT, GUCY2F, PDGFRA; in the genetic disorder-associated kinases: BTK, EPHA4, LAMA2, EPHB6, ACVR2; and in the mutation hot spots of frequently mutated cancer gene PIK3CA. A novel missense mutation is however identified upstream of the kinase domain of FGFR3 changing a Ser residue to Arg at codon 433. This residue, which is conserved across species and in FGFR1 and FGFR2, has not been reported in myeloma and in thanatophoric dysplasia, but the biological significance of this mutation is unknown. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the coding regions of some of these kinases. Notably, synonymous polymorphisms in the kinase domains of EPHA4, PDGFRA3, KIT, MLK1, ILK1, NTRK3, FLT3, ABL1, FES, MLK4, and EGFR1 were identified that changed a codon but not the amino acid. More importantly, we identified non-synonymous amino acid variations in the kinase domains of EPHA4, GUCY2F, PTK2, and PIK3CA genes that are more likely to effect variability in the activity of these kinases. In summary, no recurrent kinase mutations of significance in Myeloma development or progression have yet been identified. Sequencing of the known cancer associated kinases in MGUS and hyperdiploid MM patients is now underway and our data set is being expanded to include all 139 kinases.
Effective seeding of smooth muscle cells into tubular poly(trimethylene carbonate) scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering (2010)

Porous tubular poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering, with an inner diameter of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm, were prepared by means of dip-coating and subsequent leaching of NaCl particles. The scaffolds, with an average pore size of 110 μm and a porosity of 85%, showed a smooth muscle cell (SMC) seeding efficiency of only 10%. To increase the efficiency of cell seeding, these scaffolds were coated with a microporous PTMC outer layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.4 mm, an average pore size of 28 μm, and a porosity of 65%. Coating of the scaffolds with the microporous outer layer did not influence the inner pore structure or the mechanical properties of the scaffolds to a significant extent. The intrinsic permeability of the scaffolds decreased from 60 × 10(-10) m(2) to approximately 5 × 10(-10) m(2) after coating with the microporous outer layer. The latter value is still relatively high indicating that these scaffolds may facilitate sufficient diffusion of nutrients and waste products during cell culturing. The efficiency of SMC seeding determined after 24 h cell adhesion in the scaffolds increased from less than 10% to 43% after coating with the microporous outer layer. The cells were homogeneously distributed in the scaffolds and cell numbers increased 60% during culturing for 7 days under stationary conditions. It is concluded that coating of porous tubular PTMC scaffolds with a microporous PTMC outer layer facilitates effective cell seeding in these scaffolds.
High Power GaN Field Effect Transistors on Si Substrates (2011)

In this paper, GaN-based power transistors for a switching application were reported. In order to realize low loss and high power devices, GaN HFET structure on a Si substrate is a significant configuration as well as one of the cost-effective solutions. Furthermore, attempts for normally-off GaN-FETs were examined. A hybrid MOS-HFET structure is a promising candidate for obtaining devices with a lower on-resistance (Ron) and a high breakdown voltage (Vb).
Data from Immunoediting Sculpts Tumor Epitopes during Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Immunoediting of tumor-associated antigens occurs in response to immune pressure. We show that the mutation of residues within epitopes of HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt; leads to the outgrowth of autochthonous tumors after immunizing HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt; transgenic mice with &lt;i&gt;Listeria monocytogenes&lt;/i&gt; therapeutic vaccines expressing fragments of HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt;. Three of these vaccines target the extracellular domain (LmLLO-EC1, LmLLO-EC2, and LmLLO-EC3), and two of these vaccines target the intracellular domain (Lm-LLO-IC1 and Lm-LLO-IC2). Mutations occurred in the regions of the HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt; molecule targeted by the &lt;i&gt;Listeria&lt;/i&gt; strain expressing that region, which suggests that the rate of generation of escape mutants was a significant factor in the efficacy of each vaccine. A longer delay in the onset of tumors after immunotherapy occurred with the vaccine that targeted the kinase domain. We verified that the mutations in this domain occurred within novel CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell epitopes, and that the mutation of these residues abrogated CTL responses to these epitopes. The long delay in the onset of tumors after immunotherapy targeting the kinase domain may be because this region of HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt; cannot undergo extensive mutations without impairing its ability to signal cell growth. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1887–92]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Anticoagulants Influence the Performance of In Vitro Assays Intended for Characterization of Nanotechnology-Based Formulations (2017)

The preclinical safety assessment of novel nanotechnology-based drug products frequently relies on in vitro assays, especially during the early stages of product development, due to the limited quantities of nanomaterials available for such studies. The majority of immunological tests require donor blood. To enable such tests one has to prevent the blood from coagulating, which is usually achieved by the addition of an anticoagulant into blood collection tubes. Heparin, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and citrate are the most commonly used anticoagulants. Novel anticoagulants such as hirudin are also available but are not broadly used. Despite the notion that certain anticoagulants may influence assay performance, a systematic comparison between traditional and novel anticoagulants in the in vitro assays intended for immunological characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations is currently not available. We compared hirudin-anticoagulated blood with its traditional counterparts in the standardized immunological assay cascade, and found that the type of anticoagulant did not influence the performance of the hemolysis assay. However, hirudin was more optimal for the complement activation and leukocyte proliferation assays, while traditional anticoagulants citrate and heparin were more appropriate for the coagulation and cytokine secretion assays. The results also suggest that traditional immunological controls such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) are not reliable for understanding the role of anticoagulant in the assay performance. We observed differences in the test results between hirudin and traditional anticoagulant-prepared blood for nanomaterials at the time when no such effects were seen with traditional controls. It is, therefore, important to recognize the advantages and limitations of each anticoagulant and consider individual nanoparticles on a case-by-case basis.