gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental coupling of cerebral blood flow and fMRI fluctuations in youth (2021)

ABSTRACT To support brain development during youth, the brain must balance energy delivery and consumption. Previous studies in adults have demonstrated high coupling between cerebral blood flow and brain function as measured using functional neuroimaging, but how this relationship evolves over adolescence is unknown. To address this gap, we studied a sample of 831 children and adolescents (478 females, ages 8-22) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort who were scanned at 3T with both arterial spin labeled (ASL) MRI and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). Local coupling between cerebral blood flow (CBF, from ASL) and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF, from fMRI) was first quantified using locally weighted regressions on the cortical surface. We then used generalized additive models to evaluate how CBF-ALFF coupling was associated with age, sex, and executive function. Enrichment of effects within canonical functional networks was evaluated using spin-based permutation tests. Our analyses revealed tight CBF-ALFF coupling across the brain. Whole-brain CBF-ALFF coupling decreased with age, largely driven by coupling decreases in the inferior frontal cortex, precuneus, visual cortex, and temporoparietal cortex ( p fdr &lt;0.05). Females had stronger coupling in the frontoparietal network than males ( p fdr &lt;0.05). Better executive function was associated with decreased coupling in the somatomotor network ( p fdr &lt;0.05). Overall, we found that CBF-ALFF coupling evolves in development, differs by sex, and is associated with individual differences in executive function. Future studies will investigate relationships between maturational changes in CBF-ALFF coupling and the presence of psychiatric symptoms in youth. SIGNIFICANCE The functions of the human brain are metabolically expensive and reliant on coupling between cerebral blood flow and neural activity. Previous neuroimaging studies in adults demonstrate tight physiology-function coupling, but how this coupling evolves over development is unknown. Here, we examine the relationship between blood flow as measured by arterial spin labeling and the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations from resting-state magnetic resonance imaging across a large sample of youth. We demonstrate regionally specific changes in coupling over age and show that variations in coupling are related to biological sex and executive function. Our results highlight the importance of CBF-ALFF coupling throughout development; we discuss its potential as a future target for the study of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Acute effects of increased intravascular volume and hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation: assessment with high-resolution CT. (1992)

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to evaluate acute morphologic changes in the circulation of anesthetized miniature pigs (a) after volume loading and (b) after induction of hypoxia. Before and after each challenge, serial HRCT scans were obtained at a constant position in the caudal lobes of the lung. Scans were digitized and analyzed to determine the extent of changes in the cross-sectional area of vessels greater than 300 microns in diameter. Parenchymal background attenuation in anterior, middle, and posterior lung regions was used to assess volume changes in vessels less than 300 microns in diameter. Volume loading increased cross-sectional area by 25.2% +/- 4.3 in arteries and by 37.8% +/- 6.1 in veins and caused a gravity-dependent increase in parenchymal attenuation. Hypoxia decreased parenchymal attenuation, which was consistent with constriction of vessels smaller than 300 microns. Larger arteries and veins reacted heterogeneously. Vascular dilation during volume loading was predominantly passive, and hypoxia increased vascular tone throughout the circulation. HRCT represents a new in vivo approach to investigate vascular responses to various stimuli.
Surface Modification of Polyacetylene (PA) for Electrochemical Applications (1986)

Reduced polyacetylene electrodes have been modified by reaction with an oxirane or a sultone. These modified electrodes, of stoichiometry , show improved stability in the presence of electrolyte when compared to nonmodified counterparts. Repeated cycling of the reduced form of the modified electrodes vs. Li counterelectrodes at 0.5–1.0 mA/cm2 display 96–99% coulombic efficiency.
Simultaneous MR/PET Imaging of the Human Brain: Feasibility Study (2008)

The purpose of this study was to apply a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-compatible positron emission tomographic (PET) detector technology for simultaneous MR/PET imaging of the human brain and skull base. The PET detector ring consists of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals in combination with avalanche photodiodes (APDs) mounted in a clinical 3-T MR imager with use of the birdcage transmit/receive head coil. Following phantom studies, two patients were simultaneously examined by using fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and MR imaging and spectroscopy. MR/PET data enabled accurate coregistration of morphologic and multifunctional information. Simultaneous MR/PET imaging is feasible in humans, opening up new possibilities for the emerging field of molecular imaging.
Hybrid Piezoelectric-Magnetic Neurons: A Proposal for Energy-Efficient Machine Learning (2018)

This paper proposes a spintronic neuron structure composed of a heterostructure of magnets and a piezoelectric with a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The operation of the device is simulated using SPICE models. Simulation results illustrate that the energy dissipation of the proposed neuron compared to that of other spintronic neurons exhibits 70% improvement. Compared to CMOS neurons, the proposed neuron occupies a smaller footprint area and operates using less energy. Owing to its versatility and low-energy operation, the proposed neuron is a promising candidate to be adopted in artificial neural network (ANN) systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of meso‐Substituents on the Osmium Tetraoxide Reaction and Pinacol—Pinacolone Rearrangement of the Corresponding vic‐Dihydroxyporphyrins. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Amblyopic suppression is not explained by signal attenuation (2016)

The current model of amblyopic suppression is that it follows as a consequence of normal dichoptic masking where there is an attenuation to the input from the amblyopic eye. We directly test this by measuring and compensating for the signal attenuation in a dichoptic-masking paradigm. Using a qCSF approach, we measured individual's monocular CSFs when the untested eye saw a mean luminance background and when the untested eye saw a band-pass filtered noise whose peak spatial frequency was matched to that of the test grating. Interocular suppression was quantified by the difference in thresholds occurring between these two conditions for each eye. To factor out any signal attenuation by the amblyopic eye, the contrast of the noise mask was always matched in visibility: it was set at five and ten times the threshold of the untested eye. Due to a contrast ceiling effect, we narrowed our analysis to the frequencies where this matched visibility for our noise stimuli could be achieved. We found that, for normals, the two eyes exhibit symmetric suppression. However, in amblyopes, the amblyopic eye exerted significantly less suppression than the nonamblyopic eye, even though the contrast attenuation for the amblyopic eye had been accounted for. Furthermore, the suppression from the nonamblyopic eye to the amblyopic eye was not significantly different to that found in the normals. Similar conclusions were reached for noise stimuli that were 10x threshold for normals and amblyopes. We conclude that amblyopia involves asymmetric interocular suppression not accounted for by the known elevation in contrast threshold of the amblyopic eye. The nonamblyopic eye exhibits the expected dichoptic masking suppression of the amblyopic eye but the amblyopic eye exhibits much less counter suppression of the nonamblyopic eye. This imbalance leads to dominance by the nonamblyopic eye under binocular viewing. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
Nuclear export of misfolded SOD1 mediated by a normally buried NES-like sequence reduces proteotoxicity in the nucleus (2017)

Over 170 different mutations in the gene encoding SOD1 all cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Available studies have been primarily focused on the mechanisms underlying mutant SOD1 cytotoxicity. How cells defend against the cytotoxicity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that misfolding of ALS-linked SOD1 mutants and wild-type (wt) SOD1 exposes a normally buried nuclear export signal (NES)-like sequence. The nuclear export carrier protein CRM1 recognizes this NES-like sequence and exports misfolded SOD1 to the cytoplasm. Antibodies against the NES-like sequence recognize misfolded SOD1, but not native wt SOD1 both in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of the NES consensus sequence relocalizes mutant SOD1 to the nucleus, resulting in higher toxicity in cells, and severer impairments in locomotion, egg-laying, and survival in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. Our data suggest that SOD1 mutants are removed from the nucleus by CRM1 as a defense mechanism against proteotoxicity of misfolded SOD1 in the nucleus.
Treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye symptoms with a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation (2015)

A single 12 minute vectored thermal pulsation treatment allows for reducing dry eye symptoms, improving meibomian gland function and other correlates of the ocular surface health.
Organic Electronics (2022)

Hagen Klauk studied Electrical Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany, and at the Pennsylvania State University. In 1999, he received a PhD degree in electrical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University. From 1999 to 2000, he was a postdoctoral researcher in the group of Prof. Thomas N. Jackson at Penn State. In 2000, he joined the Polymer Electronics group of Infineon Technologies in Erlangen, Germany. Since 2005 he has been head of the Organic Electronics research group at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, Germany. The vast majority of commercially manufactured semiconductor devices are based on inorganic semiconductors. However, many types of electronic devices can also be fabricated using organic semiconductors. These are solid-state materials composed of conjugated organic molecules that are typically produced in the form of thin films on glass or polymeric substrates, with the potential of fabricating devices, circuits, and systems over large areas on mechanically flexible substrates. One example is the active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display, currently the dominating display technology for high-end smartphones and smartwatches. Other examples are organic solar cells, which are being explored for a number of specific application scenarios, such as indoor and building-integrated photovoltaics, and organic thin-film transistors, which are still in a stage of research and development.
The Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition of Pt and Pd Nanoparticles on Ni Foam for the Electro-Oxidation of Alcohols (2013)

Electrodeposition of Pt and Pd metal by surface limited redox replacement reactions was performed using the electrochemical atomic layer deposition. Carbon paper and Ni foam were used as substrates for metal deposition. Supported Pt and Pd electrodes were characterised using electrochemical methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammograms of the electrodeposited Pt and Pd on substrates showed features characteristic of polycrystalline Pt and Pd electrodes respectively. Ethanol oxidation in alkaline media was highly favoured on Pd/Ni foam than on Carbon paper while methanol oxidation was favoured more on Carbon paper than on Ni foam. Carbon paper and Ni foam produced good quality deposits and the EDX confirmed the presence of Pt and Pd particles.
Recommendations of the ESGE Workshop on Ethical-Legal Issues Concerning Live Demonstrations in Digestive Endoscopy (2003)

Journal Article
A Linear-MMSE Mth Power-Law Phase Estimator for Symmetric Lévy-Process Phase Noise in M-PSK Transmission (2013)

An Mth power-law phase estimator using the Su-Wong-Ho filter; the optimal linear filter for symmetric Lévy-process phase noise, is proposed for optical M-PSK receivers, and is demonstrated experimentally in 20Gbps optical QPSK transmissions.
CT colonography: Does improvedzresolution help computer-aided polyp detection? (2003)

Multislice helical CT offers several retrospective choices of longitudinal (z) resolution at a given detector collimation setting. We sought to determine the effect of z resolution on the performance of a computer-aided colonic polyp detector, since a human reader and a computer-aided polyp detector may have optimal performances at different z resolutions. We ran a computer-aided polyp detection algorithm on phantom data sets as well as data obtained from a single patient. All data were reconstructed at various slice thicknesses ranging from 1.25 to 10 mm. We studied the performance of the detector at various ranges of polyp sizes using free-response receiver-operating characteristic analyses. We also studied contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) as a function of slice thickness and polyp size. For the phantom data, reducing the slice thickness from 5 to 1.25 mm improves sensitivity from 84.5% to 98.3% (all polyps), from 61.4% to 95.5% (polyps in the range [0, 5) mm) and from 97.7% to 100% (polyps in the range [5, 10) mm) at a false positive rate of 20 per data set. For polyps larger than 10 mm, there is no significant improvement in detection sensitivity when slice thickness is reduced. CNRs showed expected behavior with slice thickness and polyp size, but in all cases remained high (> 4). The results for the patient data followed similar patterns to that of the phantom case. Thus we conclude that for this detector, the optimal slice thickness is dependent upon the size of the smallest polyps to be detected. For detection of polyps 10 mm and larger, reconstruction of 5 mm sections may be sufficient. Further study is required to generalize these results to a broader population of patients scanned on different scanners.
Analysis of Statistical Sampling in Microarchitecture Simulation: Metric, Methodology and Program Characterization (2007)

Statistical sampling, especially stratified random sampling, is a promising technique for estimating the performance of the benchmark program without executing the complete program on microarchitecture simulators or real machines. The accuracy of the performance estimate and the simulation cost depend on the three parameters, namely the interval size, the sample size, and the number of phases (or strata). Optimum values for these three parameters depends on the performance behavior of the program and the microarchitecture configuration being evaluated. In this paper, we quantify the effect of these three parameters and their interactions on the accuracy of the performance estimate and simulation cost. We use the Confidence Interval of estimated Mean (CIM), a metric derived from statistical sampling theory, to measure the accuracy of the performance estimate; we also discuss why CIM is an appropriate metric for this analysis. We use the total number of instructions simulated and the total number of samples measured as cost parameters. Finally, we characterize 21 SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks based on our analysis.
Coupling the Vibrant Soundbridge with the Round-Window-Soft-Coupler – experiments on transmission quality (2019)

Coupling the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB, Med-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) to the round window has extended the indication to combined hearing loss due to middle ear malformation or previous surgery. Finding the optimal transmission of energy within a limited space stays challenging. The current Round-Window-Soft-Coupler (RW-Soft-Coupler) was compared to its previous version (Round-Window-Coupler [RW-Coupler]) in terms of handling and transmission Quality.
Association of Changes in Medicaid Dental Benefits With Localized Diagnosis of Oral Cavity Cancer (2022)

This cohort study uses data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to examine the association between changes in Medicaid dental insurance coverage in California between 2009 and 2014 and rates of localized oral cavity cancer diagnoses.
Space-time layered block codes : bridging the gap between maximum rate and full diversity (2004)

Impairments found in the wireless channel, such as destructive multipath fading, cannot be fully addressed by using coding alone, despite its recent advances. Recent results show that gains in capacity can be obtained by using multiple antenna elements at the transmitter and the receiver. Instead of mitigating the effects of the multipath fading, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems use the rich scattering channel to increase the capacity at no bandwidth cost. Methods include BLAST, which maximizes the rate, and space-time coding, which maximizes the diversity. In this thesis, the fundamental trade-off between rate and diversity is derived for binary codes. Simple codes that can perform at any realizable rate/diversity are designed. These codes are referred to as Space-Time Layered Block Codes (STLBC), since they are in effect a 1-dimensional code layered into a space-time code. By selecting speck 1-D codes, the required diversity can be achieved at the maximal allowable rate. In order to detect the new STLBC codes, an iterative MMSE detector is used jointly with a soft input soft-output decoder. This detector/decoder uses a principle similar to Turbo decoding. STLBC codes introduce the concept of coding between layers, which requires a detector capable of dealing with possibly dependent layers. The classical multiuser detector is modified to allow for dependence. Lastly, techniques to improve the performance of STLBC are presented. These are based on a new design criterion that ensures codebooks of high average rank, as well as making certain the information is spread out over the two available dimensions.
Detection of Human Leukocyte Antigen Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Utilizing Label-free Biosensor Technology (2015)

According to the American Cancer Society, more than 200,000 women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer each year and approximately 40,000 will die from the disease. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I samples peptides derived from proteasomal degradation of cellular proteins and presents these fragments on the cell surface for interrogation by circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Generation of T-cell receptor mimic (TCRm) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which recognize breast cancer specific peptide/HLA-A*02:01 complexes such as those derived from macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF19-27) and NY-ESO-1157-165 enable detection and destruction of breast cancer cells in the absence of an effective anti-tumor CTL response. Intact class I HLA/peptide complexes are shed by breast cancer cells and represent potentially relevant cancer biomarkers. In this work, a breakthrough biomarker screening system for cancer diagnostics incorporating T-cell receptor mimic monoclonal antibodies combined with a novel, label-free biosensor utilizing guided-mode resonance (GMR) sensor technology is presented. Detection of shed MIF/HLA-A*02:01 complexes in MDA-MB-231 cell supernatants, spiked human serum, and patient plasma is demonstrated. The impact of this work could revolutionize personalized medicine through development of companion disease diagnostics for targeted immunotherapies.
Metabolism of pyrene by basidiomycetous fungi of the generaCrinipellis,Marasmius, andMarasmiellus (1996)

The ability of different species and strains of the genus Crinipellis and the related genera Marasmius and Marasmiellus to metabolize pyrene was investigated. The metabolism of pyrene and the nature of metabolites formed were strain specific and depended on the culture medium. The following metabolites of pyrene were detected in the cultures: 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-pyrenylsulfate, 1,6- and 1,8-dihydroxypyrene and the corresponding quinones, trans-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxypyrene, and two transformation products which have never before been detected, 6-hydroxypyrene-1-sulfate and pyrene-1,6-disulfate. In addition, several not yet identified pyrene metabolites were produced by some strains.Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene, basidiomycetes, metabolism, transformation products.
Cathepsin B-sensitive nanoprobe for in vivo tumor diagnosis (2011)

We developed a cathepsin B-sensitive nanoprobe (CB-NP) with a cathepsin B substrate peptide probe and tumor-targeting glycol chitosan nanoparticles. The CB-NP could accumulate in tumor tissues, enter into tumor cells, and generate fluorescent signals in cytosol in response to cathepsin B. The results of non-invasive fluorescence imaging in a tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrated the potential of CB-NP for tumor diagnosis in clinical fields.
Diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with loss of CD206‐positive macrophages in the gastric antrum (2017)

Loss of antral CD206-positive anti-inflammatory macrophages is a key feature in human gastroparesis and it is associates with ICC loss.
Photoinactivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Paradigm-Changing Approach for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Gonococcal Infection (2019)

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major issue of public health, and there is a critical need for the development of new antigonococcal strategies. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL; wavelength, 405 nm), an innovative nonpharmacological approach, for the inactivation of N. gonorrhoeae. Our findings indicated that aBL preferentially inactivated N. gonorrhoeae, including antibiotic-resistant strains, over human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, no aBL-induced genotoxicity to the vaginal epithelial cells was observed at the radiant exposure used to inactivate N. gonorrhoeae. aBL also effectively inactivated N. gonorrhoeae that had attached to and invaded into the vaginal epithelial cells in their cocultures. No gonococcal resistance to aBL developed after 15 successive cycles of inactivation induced by subtherapeutic exposure to aBL. Endogenous aBL-activatable photosensitizing porphyrins in N. gonorrhoeae were identified and quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, with coproporphyrin being the most abundant species in all N. gonorrhoeae strains studied. Singlet oxygen was involved in aBL inactivation of N. gonorrhoeae. Together, these findings show that aBL represents a potential potent treatment for antibiotic-resistant gonococcal infection.