gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of Overloaded MIMO System with and without Antenna Selection (2016)

This paper investigates the performance of an overloaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with and without antenna selection. In the overloaded MIMO-OFDM system, even if only a small amount of feedback is available, performance can be improved by selecting the transmit antennas. Thus, this paper compares the performance of an overloaded MIMO system with and without antenna selection under different code rates. It is shown that the performance of the MIMO-OFDM system for six signal streams with QPSK modulation is about 2.0dB better than that for three signal streams with 16QAM modulation while it is about 5.0dB better than that of the MIMO-OFDM system for two signal streams with 64QAM modulation at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-3. However, it is also shown that the performance of the overloaded MIMO system is worse if the code rate of the repetition code increases.
Evolving Concepts in Lung Carcinogenesis (2011)

Lung carcinogenesis is a complex, stepwise process that involves the acquisition of genetic mutations and epigenetic changes that alter cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we review some of the latest concepts in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and highlight the roles of inflammation, the "field of cancerization," and lung cancer stem cells in the initiation of the disease. Furthermore, we review how high throughput genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics are advancing the study of lung carcinogenesis. Finally, we reflect on the potential of current in vitro and in vivo models of lung carcinogenesis to advance the field and on the areas of investigation where major breakthroughs will lead to the identification of novel chemoprevention strategies and therapies for lung cancer.
On the efficient application of compressive sensing of physiological signals in medical diagnostics (2016)

Wireless telemonitoring of physiological signals is an evolving direction in personalized medicine and home-based e-Health. There are several constraints in designing such systems. The three important constraints are energy consumption, data compression and device cost. Compressive Sensing (CS) is an emerging data compression technique that overcomes those constraints. Nevertheless, the non-sparsity of physiological signals presents a major issue to the existing compressive sensing algorithms. This research proposes to use a developed compressive sensing algorithm which has the ability to recover such non-sparse physiological signals. This algorithm is Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (BSBL). The proposed algorithm and the conventional CS algorithm were used to compress Fetal ECG (FECG) signals. Results showed that using BSBL to recover non-sparse FECG is more efficient comparing with the conventional CS algorithm, SL0.
Integration of Nanoelectromechanical Relays With Silicon nMOS (2011)

Electrostatically actuated nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays are integrated with silicon nMOS devices. An nMOSFET successfully drives a NEM relay with the MOSFET serving as a pass transistor to control the state of the relay. Silicon MOSFET-NEM relay integration opens up the possibility for applications, where the zero off-state leakage, the sharp on/off transition, and/or the hysteresis of the NEM relay can be used to complement the capabilities of CMOS.
Age-dependent expression of the erythropoietin gene in rat liver and kidneys. (1992)

Using RNAse protection, we have made quantitative measurements of erythropoietin (EPO) mRNA in liver and kidneys of developing rats (days 1-54), to determine the relative contribution of both organs to the total EPO mRNA, to monitor changes which occur with development, and to compare the hypoxia-induced accumulation of EPO mRNA with the changes in serum EPO concentrations. To determine whether developmental and organ-specific responsiveness is related to the type of hypoxic stimulus, normobaric hypoxia was compared with exposure to carbon monoxide (functional anemia). Under both stimuli EPO mRNA concentration in liver was maximal on day 7 and declined during development. In contrast, EPO mRNA concentration in kidney increased during development from day 1 when it was 30-65% the hepatic concentration to day 54 when it was 12-fold higher than in liver. When organ weight was considered the liver was found to contain the majority of EPO mRNA in the first three to four weeks of life, and although, in stimulated animals, the hepatic proportion declined from 85-91% on day 1, it remained approximately 33% at day 54 and was similar for the two types of stimuli. When normalized for body weight the sum of renal and hepatic EPO mRNA in animals of a particular age was related linearly to serum hormone concentrations. However, the slope of this regression increased progressively with development, suggesting age-dependent alterations in translational efficiency or EPO metabolism.
Long-term glycemic control using polymer-encapsulated human stem cell–derived beta cells in immune-competent mice (2016)

When encapsulated with alginate derivatives that resist the foreign-body response, human embryonic stem cell–derived beta cells restore long-term normoglycemia in immunocompetent mice without the need for immunosuppression.
Interference alignment with limited feedback for two-cell interfering MIMO-MAC (2012)

In this paper, we consider a two-cell interfering multiple-input multiple-output multiple access channel (MIMO-MAC). We first investigate the multiplexing gain of such channel when users have perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) by exploiting an interference alignment scheme. In addition, we propose a quantized transmit beamforming vector feedback method for the interference alignment in the limited feedback system. On the basis of the proposed feedback framework, we analyze the rate gap loss and it is shown that in order to keep the same multiplexing gain with the case of perfect CSIT, the number of feedback bits per receiver should be increased linearly with the SNR in dB scale. Throughout the simulation results, it is shown that the sum-rate performance coincides with the derived results.
Effects of Base Pressure on Growth and Optoelectronic Properties of Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O: Ultralow Optimum Oxygen Supply and Bandgap Widening (2018)

It is generally thought that deposition of device‐quality oxide semiconductors requires somewhat high oxygen supply in order to reduce oxygen deficiency and to suppress generation of free electrons. This paper reports that such high oxygen supply is not an essential requirement for a representative amorphous oxide semiconductor, amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO). That is, the optimum oxygen flow rate ratio ( R O2 ) is ≈3% for standard (STD) sputtering with the base pressure of ≈10 −4 Pa, while it is reduced dramatically to 10 −3 –10 −5 % for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) sputtering with the base pressure of ≈10 −7 Pa. We consider that the ultralow optimum oxygen supply originates from residual hydrogen, because the STD and the UHV films have different hydrogen contents at the orders of 10 20 and 10 19 cm −3 , respectively. This comparison also suggests that the inclusion of impurity hydrogen widens the optical bandgap by ≈0.1 eV, which causes a bandgap minimum by post annealing at ≈500 °C for the STD a‐IGZO films accompanying the removal of incorporated hydrogen as H 2 O. Furthermore, crystallization onset temperature is reduced remarkably by ≈100 K for the UHV a‐IGZO films.
Transmission in near‐infrared optical windows for deep brain imaging (2015)

Near-infrared (NIR) radiation has been employed using one- and two-photon excitation of fluorescence imaging at wavelengths 650-950 nm (optical window I) for deep brain imaging; however, longer wavelengths in NIR have been overlooked due to a lack of suitable NIR-low band gap semiconductor imaging detectors and/or femtosecond laser sources. This research introduces three new optical windows in NIR and demonstrates their potential for deep brain tissue imaging. The transmittances are measured in rat brain tissue in the second (II, 1,100-1,350 nm), third (III, 1,600-1,870 nm), and fourth (IV, centered at 2,200 nm) NIR optical tissue windows. The relationship between transmission and tissue thickness is measured and compared with the theory. Due to a reduction in scattering and minimal absorption, window III is shown to be the best for deep brain imaging, and windows II and IV show similar but better potential for deep imaging than window I.
An Open Software-Defined-Radio Platform for LTE-V2X And Beyond (2020)

Direct communication between vehicles using the sidelink is becoming increasingly important, but there is a lack of opportunities for performance evaluation, testing of new features and measurement data acquisition. In this paper, we present an open source implementation of the 3GPP C-V2X sidelink Mode 4. The implementation is standard-compliant and provides additional measurement and configuration interfaces that enable its use as an evaluation and measurement platform. We integrate our implementation in a software defined radio (SDR) based hardware platform that allows for practical outdoor use at different frequencies. In addition, we verify the performance of the SDR-based sidelink setup using a hardware channel emulator, and we compare the packet error rate performance against available performance curves in literature. Finally, we show the benefits of our platform over simulations by using the realistic SDR-based setup to generate exemplary reference curves for different 3GPP channels.
Clinical and Neurophysiological Changes after Targeted Intrathecal Injections of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in a C3 Tetraplegic Subject (2018)

High-level quadriplegia is a devastating condition with limited treatment options. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) are reported to have immunomodulatory and neurotrophic effects in spinal cord injury (SCI). We report a subject with complete C2 SCI who received three anatomically targeted intrathecal infusions of BMSCs under a single-patient expanded access investigational new drug (IND). She underwent intensive physical therapy and was followed for >2 years. At end-point, her American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade improved from A to B, and she recovered focal pressure touch sensation over several body areas. We conducted serial neurophysiological testing to monitor changes in residual connectivity. Motor, sensory, and autonomic system testing included motor evoked potentials (MEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), electromyography (EMG) recordings, F waves, galvanic skin responses, and tilt-table responses. The quality and magnitude of voluntary EMG activations increased over time, but remained below the threshold of clinically obvious movement. Unexpectedly, at 14 months post-injury, deep inspiratory maneuvers triggered respiratory-like EMG bursting in the biceps and several other muscles. This finding means that connections between respiratory neurons and motor neurons were newly established, or unmasked. We also report serial analysis of MRI, International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI), pulmonary function, pain scores, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines, and bladder assessment. As a single case, the linkage of the clinical and neurophysiological changes to either natural history or to the BMSC infusions cannot be resolved. Nevertheless, such detailed neurophysiological assessment of high cervical SCI patients is rarely performed. Our findings indicate that electrophysiology studies are sensitive to define both residual connectivity and new plasticity.
Scattering Models for Discrete Surface Features (2012)

<i>As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality.</i> - Albert Einstein The ability to accurately model scatter from discrete surface features has huge advantages over having to actually take the measurements. Beyond the problems associated with building (or buying) a scatterometer (see Chapter 7) and using it to measure defect scatter in the presence of surface scatter (see Section 7.7), there is the issue of sample preparation. How do you determine that your sample really is, for example, a 95-nm spherical silicon particle and not something else that has ended up on the sample substrate? Or, if it is silicon - is it spherical? Or, maybe it is not a particle at all but a surface pit, and the particle of interest is another 100 &#956;m to the left. What if you want to determine the relative effects of variations in particle index on variations in surface index - how would you prepare those samples? Modeling is obviously the practical solution to answer questions like these - if you can get a confirmed model. Because scatter models of localized surface features are calculation intensive (and often privately owned), there is no attempt here to derive or even give equations - that is handled in the literature. Instead, this chapter reviews a couple of approaches that have been used to create models for particle scanners used in the semiconductor industry, discusses model confirmation, and gives some example results. A source of publicly available code is also given. Confirmation techniques are discussed in Section 7.7.
Tubular Nanostructures of Cr2Te4O11and Mn2TeO6through Room-Temperature Chemical Transformations of Tellurium Nanowires (2011)

Tubular ternary nanostructures of tellurium were made through chemical transformations of tellurium nanowires (Te NWs). These transformations occur through reactions with CrO3 and KMnO4, two of the strongest oxidizing agents. In the case of CrO3, the 1D structure of the NWs remained intact and the morphology changed to hollow wires of Cr2Te4O11, but reaction with KMnO4 resulted in the loss of 1D structure, forming a carbon onion-like object composed of Mn2TeO6. As the reaction proceeded, the crystallinity of the NWs decreased, and the final products were amorphous. The reaction products were characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Time-dependent transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of both of the reaction products showed that first a shell is formed around the NWs. Further reaction results in the formation of hollow structures. During the reaction with CrO3, TEM in the intermediate stages showed that the periphery of the material was amorphous, whereas the inside, where unreacted parts of Te NWs remained, was crystalline with a clear lattice structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as Raman spectroscopy showed a redox reaction in both cases. Studies suggest that both redox reactions and nanoscale Kirkendall effect might be involved in the formation mechanism.
Structure of Policy Provisioning Information (SPPI) (2001)

This document, the Structure of Policy Provisioning Information (SPPI), defines the adapted subset of SNMP's Structure of Management Information (SMI) used to write Policy Information Base (PIB) modules.
Cases of Psychiatric Morbidity in Pediatric Patients After Remission of Cushing Syndrome (2016)

Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) may have different effects in children than what has been described in adults. Previous studies of children and adolescents with CS have identified cognitive decline despite reversal of brain atrophy after remission of CS. Although the observations of parents of children and adolescents with CS support personality changes, significant psychopathology has not been described in the literature. We report 9 children who underwent successful surgery (transsphenoidal surgery [TSS] or resection of bronchial carcinoid) for treatment of CS and subsequently developed significant affective pathology. Affective symptoms included anger-rage outbursts, suicidal ideation, irritability, anxiety, and depression. One child, who committed suicide 60 months after TSS, had recently discontinued antidepressant medication. She had a history of anxiety during active CS and was treated with an anxiolytic. The 7 patients with onset of symptoms within 7 months of TSS were on glucocorticoid replacement, and 1-year follow-up evaluation showed recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and biochemical evidence of remission. The 2 patients who presented with onset of symptoms at 48 months or later underwent endocrine evaluation that showed biochemical evidence of remission and normal anterior pituitary hormone levels. This is the first report of affective symptoms and behavioral dysregulation, including suicidal ideation, in a subgroup of children and adolescents after remission of CS. Health care providers caring for children with CS who have been cured should continue to screen for mental illness, monitor for changes in behavior, and refer as appropriate to mental health professionals.
Frustratingly Simple but Effective Zero-shot Detection and Segmentation: Analysis and a Strong Baseline (2023)

Methods for object detection and segmentation often require abundant instance-level annotations for training, which are time-consuming and expensive to collect. To address this, the task of zero-shot object detection (or segmentation) aims at learning effective methods for identifying and localizing object instances for the categories that have no supervision available. Constructing architectures for these tasks requires choosing from a myriad of design options, ranging from the form of the class encoding used to transfer information from seen to unseen categories, to the nature of the function being optimized for learning. In this work, we extensively study these design choices, and carefully construct a simple yet extremely effective zero-shot recognition method. Through extensive experiments on the MSCOCO dataset on object detection and segmentation, we highlight that our proposed method outperforms existing, considerably more complex, architectures. Our findings and method, which we propose as a competitive future baseline, point towards the need to revisit some of the recent design trends in zero-shot detection / segmentation.
Evaluation of a bioresorbable drug delivery system for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major global health burden. Typically HCC responds poorly to chemotherapy, and such approaches to treat HCC are commonly associated with severe hepatic and/or systemic toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate a porous resorbable silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) as a controlled release vehicle for cisplatin. Particles of two different formulations--SCPC50 and SCPC75, containing 19.49 and 32.9 mol % silica, respectively--were loaded with cisplatin by immersion treatment and pressed into discs. In vitro release kinetics studies of cisplatin from SCPC50 and SCPC75 demonstrated an initial burst release of 0.39 ± 0.04 mg (of the 1.49 mg total loaded) and 0.87 ± 0.07 mg (of the 2.34 mg total loaded), respectively. Over the following 44-day period. SCPC75-cisplatin hybrid produced a significantly higher sustained cisplatin release than that released from SCPC50. Cisplatin release correlated well with the surface area, and silica dissolution kinetics of the SCPC carrier. Treatment of rat HCC cells (H4IIE) with cisplatin released from SCPC-cisplatin hybrids induced apoptotic cell death in H4IIE cells in vitro. Results of this study suggest that SCPC composites may be of potential use for the treatment of HCC in vivo.
Remote sensing of venusian seismic activity with a small spacecraft, the VAMOS mission concept (2018)

The Venusian atmosphere creates inhospitable temperature and pressure conditions for the surface of Venus, Earth's twin planet, making in-situ measurements of any appreciable length difficult, expensive, and risky to obtain. Yet, because of the apparent youthfulness of Venus' surface features, long-duration seismic observations are in high demand in order to determine and understand the dynamic processes taking place in lieu of plate tectonics. The Venus Airglow Measurements and Orbiter for Seismicity (VAMOS) mission concept would make use of the dense Venusian atmosphere as a medium to conduct seismic vibrations from the surface to the ionosphere. Here, the resulting atmospheric gravity waves and acoustic waves can be observed in the form of perturbations in airglow emissions, the basic principles for which have been demonstrated at Earth following a tsunami and at Venus with the European Venus Express's Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) instrument. In addition, these observations would enable VAMOS to determine the crustal structure and ionospheric variability of Venus without approaching the surface or atmosphere themselves. Equipped with an instrument of modest size and mass, the baseline VAMOS spacecraft is designed to fit within a SmallSat form factor and travel to Venus predominantly under its own power. VAMOS would enter into an orbit uniquely suited for the long-duration, full-disk staring observations required for seismic readings. VAMOS' journey would be enabled by modern solar electric propulsion technology and SmallSat avionics, which allow the spacecraft to reach Venus and autonomously filter observation data on board to detect Venus-quake events. Currently, trade studies are being conducted to determine mission architecture robustness to launch and rideshare opportunities. Key spacecraft challenges for VAMOS, just as with many SmallSat-based mission concepts, include thermal and power management, onboard processing capabilities, telecommunications throughput, and propulsion technology. The VAMOS mission concept is being studied at JPL as part of the NASA Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies (PSDS3) program, which will not only produce a viable and exciting mission concept for a Venus SmallSat, but will have the opportunity to examine many issues facing the development of SmallSats for planetary exploration. These include SmallSat solar electric propulsion, autonomy, telecommunications, and resource management that can be applied to various inner solar system mission architectures.
Supplementary Video 1b from Blocking Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy in Tumors Restores Cytotoxic T-Cell Activity and Promotes Regression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 5.25 MB&lt;/p&gt;
3D-soule: A fabrication process for large scale integration and micromachining of spherical structures (2011)

This paper reports a method for integrating and micromachining spherical structures made from materials such as fused quartz that are not amenable to melting or reflow. The 3D-SOULE process combines batch-mode micro ultrasonic machining (μUSM), lapping, and micro electro-discharge machining (μEDM) for creating spherical structures. Micro electro discharge machining is used for creating the stainless steel tool, which is then used for μUSM of the glass spheres. Stainless steel 440 which provides tool wear <;5% is used for μUSM. A machining rate of 24 μm/sec is achieved for fabrication of concave and mushroom-shaped spherical structures from 1 mm-diameter glass spheres.
Viral Dynamics of Omicron and Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants With Implications for Timing of Release from Isolation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study (2022)

The majority of our Delta- and Omicron-infected cohort culture-converted by day 6, with no further impact of booster vaccination on sterilization or cycle threshold decay. We found that rapid antigen testing may provide reassurance of lack of infectiousness, though guidance to mask for days 6-10 is supported by our finding that 17% of participants remained culture-positive after isolation.