gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A linear response 200-dB dynamic range CMOS image sensor with multiple voltage and current readout operations (2008)

Operation methods for high frame rate, linear response, wide dynamic range (DR) and high SNR in a CMOS image sensor are discussed. The high frame rate operation is realized by the optimum design of the floating diffusion capacitor, the lateral overflow integration capacitor, the column integration capacitor and the integration periods of multiple voltage and current readout operations. The color CMOS image sensor which consists of the 1/3-inch, 800<sup>H</sup> &times; 600<sup>V</sup> pixels and 5.6-&mu;m pixel pitch with a buried pinned-photodiode, a transfer switch, a reset switch, a lateral overflow switch, a lateral overflow integration capacitor, a photocurrent readout switch, a source follower transistor and a pixel select switch in each pixel has been fabricated by 0.18-&mu;m 2P3M CMOS technology. The image sensor operates the total frame rate of 13-fps with three-time voltage readout operations and one current readout operation and have realized full linear photoelectric conversion responses, over 20-dB SNR for the image of the 18-% gray card at all integration operation switching points and the over 200-dB DR.
Emulate Processing of Assorted Database Server Applications on Flash-Based Storage in Datacenter Infrastructures (2019)

In the era of big data processing, more and more datacenters in cloud storages are now replacing traditional HDDs with enterprise SSDs. Both developers and users of these SSDs require thorough benchmarking to evaluate their performance impacts. I/O performance with synthetic workload or classic benchmark varies drastically from real I/O activities in the datacenter. Thus, we propose a new framework, called Pattern I/O generator (PatIO), to collectively capture the enterprise storage behavior that is prevailing across assorted user workloads and system configurations for different database server applications on flash-based storage. PatIO is designed to emulate the processing of real-world I/O activities easily with less time and resource requirements. Our methodology comprises three main steps: (1) dissect the overall I/O activities of various real workloads and identify the prevailing attributes in distinct visual I/O patterns; (2) construct a pattern warehouse as the collection of unique I/O patterns that are generated through various combinations of multiple I/O jobs; and (3) finally integrate different combinations of these synthetically generated I/O patterns to reproduce the comprehensive characteristics of various real workloads and system setup for the database server applications. To provide an easy-to-use experience, we develop a graphical user interface (GUI). We evaluate our framework by comparing I/O characteristics and I/O performance of generated workloads with those of real-world workloads for multiple database applications such as MySQL, Cassandra, and ForestDB.
Aberrant fecal flora observed in guinea pigs with pressure overload is mitigated in animals receiving vagus nerve stimulation therapy (2016)

Altered gut microbial diversity has been associated with several chronic disease states, including heart failure. Stimulation of the vagus nerve, which innervates the heart and abdominal organs, is proving to be an effective therapeutic in heart failure. We hypothesized that cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could alter fecal flora and prevent aberrations observed in fecal samples from heart failure animals. To determine whether microbial abundances were altered by pressure overload (PO), leading to heart failure and VNS therapy, a VNS pulse generator was implanted with a stimulus lead on either the left or right vagus nerve before creation of PO by aortic constriction. Animals received intermittent, open-loop stimulation or sham treatment, and their heart function was monitored by echocardiography. Left ventricular end-systolic and diastolic volumes, as well as cardiac output, were impaired in PO animals compared with baseline. VNS mitigated these effects. Metagenetic analysis was then performed using 16S rRNA sequencing to identify bacterial genera present in fecal samples. The abundance of 10 genera was significantly altered by PO, 8 of which were mitigated in animals receiving either left- or right-sided VNS. Metatranscriptomics analyses indicate that the abundance of genera that express genes associated with ATP-binding cassette transport and amino sugar/nitrogen metabolism was significantly changed following PO. These gut flora changes were not observed in PO animals subjected to VNS. These data suggest that VNS prevents aberrant gut flora following PO, which could contribute to its beneficial effects in heart failure patients.
Representation of activity in images using geospatial temporal graphs (2023)

Various technologies pertaining to modeling patterns of activity observed in remote sensing images using geospatial-temporal graphs are described herein. Graphs are constructed by representing objects in remote sensing images as nodes, and connecting nodes with undirected edges representing either distance or adjacency relationships between objects and directed edges representing changes in time. Activity patterns may be discerned from the graphs by coding nodes representing persistent objects like buildings differently from nodes representing ephemeral objects like vehicles, and examining the geospatial-temporal relationships of ephemeral nodes within the graph.
A New Superconductor with Tc=47 K in the Bi-Sr-Cu-O System (Nominal Composition=Bi4Sr8+xCu5-xOy) (1992)

A new superconductive bismuth cuprate, with a nominal composition of Bi 4 Sr 8+ x Cu 5- x O y , was discovered using resistivity and magnetization measurements. The onset transition temperatures of as-synthesized and He-annealed samples are 42 K and 47 K, respectively. This superconductive phase is very unstable at the synthesis temperature, and thus, changes into Bi 4 Sr 8 Cu 5 O 19+α and Bi 2 Sr 3 Cu 2 O y with prolonged calcination. Because of this instability, a single phase cannot be obtained. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the existence of a new phase with a large-value peak of d =19.8 Å.
Photogrammetric Tools For Panoramic Sector Scan Imagery In The VIDARS Analysis Station (1985)

Computer-assisted photo-interpretation is a recent development supported by the advent of numerous interpretation stations. A unique universal station is VIDARS--manufactured by the Richards Corporation of McLean, Virginia--since it has recently been equipped with a new software system that incorporates complex photogrammetric mensuration capabilities. Photo-interpreters typically find it difficult to perform mensuration tasks; therefore the implementation of the photogrammetric functions must not burden the user with a need to understand photogrammetric theories. This paper illustrates a difficult application of VIDARS to sector-scan panoramic film (Long Range Aerial Panoramic--LORAP) imagery and will show how well the user can perform target positioning tasks within his interpretation work.
Response properties and distribution of delay-sensitive neurons within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus of the cat (1975)

Responses of single neurons within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus to dichotic tonal and noise stimuli have been investigated. The responses of many neurons sensitive to interaural time difference (Δt) across the range that a cat utilizes in sound localization have been studied; neuronal responses were related to their location within the nucleus. Results include the following: (1) The response of most but not all neurons in the low-frequency representational region of the central nucleus was a dramatic function of Δt across the behavioral range; (2) the optimal Δt across the behavioral range determined for any given unit was similar for stimulation at different frequencies and intensities, and with wide-band noise. For many neurons, maximal response was seen at a Δt outside the behavioral range. (3) the Δt's at which different neurons responded maximally encompassed the entire behavioral range; most responded maximally with the contralateral side leading. (4) Units encountered within a penetration vertical to isofrequency contours responded maximally at similar Δt's, although exceptions were seen. Neurons sensitive to Δt's across the behavioral range appear to be spatially ordered within the central nucleus. [Supported by NIH Grant NS-10414.]
SWIPT Signaling Over Frequency-Selective Channels With a Nonlinear Energy Harvester: Non-Zero Mean and Asymmetric Inputs (2019)

Simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) over a point-to-point frequency-selective channel is studied. Leveraging a small-signal model for a nonlinear energy harvester, a general form of the delivered power in terms of system baseband parameters is derived, which demonstrates the dependency of the delivered power on higher moments of the baseband channel input. The optimization problem of maximizing rate-power (RP) region is studied. Assuming that the channel state information (CSI) is available at both the receiver and the transmitter, and constraining to the non-zero mean Gaussian input distributions, an optimization algorithm for power allocation among different subchannels is studied. As a special case, optimality conditions for zero mean Gaussian inputs are derived. Results obtained from the numerical optimization demonstrate the superiority of the non-zero mean Gaussian inputs (with asymmetric power allocation in each complex subchannel) in yielding a larger RP region compared to their zero mean and non-zero mean (with symmetric power allocation in each complex subchannel) counterparts. The results motivate the design of new modulation for SWIPT and contrast with the SWIPT design under linear energy harvesting, for which the circularly symmetric Gaussian inputs with water-filling power allocation are optimal.
Adaptive Compensation of the Mud Pump Noise in a Measurement-While-Drilling System (1999)

Summary Mud pulse telemetry is one of the promising methods for transmission of valuable downhole information in measurement-while-drilling (MWD) processes. Quality, speed, and reliability of mud pulse telemetry are, however, drastically jeopardized by various powerful noise contributors. Among these the mud pump noise could be the most damaging artifact for the mud pulse information signal. The real-time monitoring requirement and the variable dynamic frequency characteristics of the mud pulse signals make the utilization of traditional noise filtering techniques very difficult if not impossible. In this study, two new methods for real-time adaptive compensation in the specific noise environment of MWD are suggested. The methods are designed and tested assuming the worst case scenario of about 50% of the information signal present in the reference channel. Successful real-time compensation in such harsh noise environments is reported.
Study of Two-Stage Tightening of Threaded Fasteners Using Various Tool Speed Combinations (2007)

This paper investigates the effect of various tool speed combinations on the torque-tension relationship in a two-stage torque control process for the tightening of threaded fasteners. The tightening speed has a considerable affect on the thread and bearing friction coefficients. Hence, the amount of clamp load generated by a specified level of the tightening torque is significantly influenced by the tool speed combinations in many high volume applications. In two-stage processes, the fastener is first tightened to an intermediate torque level beyond which the tool speed is changed but the tightening is continued until the full target torque is reached. The effect of tightening speed combinations (for stages one and two) on the torque-tension relationship is investigated. Data on the coefficients of thread and bearing friction as well as the Nut Factor K is investigated. The findings of this study are helpful in predicting the clamp load generated in bolted joints, which enhance its reliability and safety. Additionally, the study provides helpful data that may be utilized for developing reliable assembly strategies in mass production applications such as the automotive industry.
Optimization of operational conditions for direct digital mammography detectors for digital tomosynthesis (2005)

Amorphous selenium (a-Se) flat-panel digital mammography detectors are being investigated for tomosynthesis, which poses tremendously challenges on the detector temporal and low dose performance. Our previous investigation has demonstrated that a-Se detectors provide adequate temporal performance (lag and ghosting) for tomosynthesis, however its detective quantum efficiency (DQE) at 1 mR (1/10 of average exposure in screening mammography) was only ~1/3 of the value at 10 mR due to electronic noise. Before engineering methods can be developed to overcome this problem, optimization of imaging parameters, such as x-ray spectrum and anti-scatter grid, can greatly improve the detector performance at the low dose used in tomosynthesis. The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal x-ray spectrum and whether an anti-scatter grid is beneficial in tomosynthesis. The SNR of a 200 &mu;m microcalcification within the breast was calculated as a function of x-ray spectra. Two target materials (Mo and W) were used. The density and thickness of the breast were varied. The scatter to primary ratio behind the breast with and without grid was calculated. The detector performance of a state-of-the-art a-Se digital mammography detector with 85 micron pixel size was incorporated in the calculation of SNR. The total breast dose was kept constant at 1.6 mGy. Our results showed that for tomosynthesis with 11 acquisition views, the optimal kVp is at least 2-3 kVp higher than the optimum for screening mammography. In the extreme case of an 8 cm dense breast, the optimal spectrum was 39 kVp (W/Rh), which was 9 kVp higher than the optimal kVp when detector noise is negligible. W/Rh was found to be the optimal target filter combination for all breast thicknesses (2-8 cm). Our results also showed that grid has no clear advantage even for breast thickness of 8 cm.
Boundary conditions for electron tunneling in complex two- and three-dimensional structures (2005)

We present boundary conditions given in integro-differential form for the single-particle two-dimensional (2D) or 3D Schr\"odinger equation, which allows for a treatment of nontrivial geometries, and an arbitrary number of input and output channels. The formalism is easy to implement using standard finite element packages. We consider a resonant dot structure and transport through a ringlike waveguide without barriers. The current in the dot is focused on an ellipsoid dot via a tunneling tip. The current-voltage characteristic is calculated for this system at the temperature $4.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Our results show that the current maxima appear close to the eigenstates of the quantum dot. We show, however, that only those modes which obey certain symmetry properties give rise to resonance in the dot, and current maxima are absent for antisymmetric modes at low temperatures. The current in the waveguide is shown to be a resonant function of the voltage, and the system exhibits current feedback and turbulence. Finally, we extend the formalism to other types of channels and equations other than the Schr\"odinger equation and we discuss some possible applications for these systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Amino Acids from Glucuronolactone: Enantiospecific Syntheses of (2S,3R,4R,5S)‐Trihydroxypipecolic Acid (VIIa), (2R,3R,4R,5S)‐Trihydroxypipecolic Acid (III) (2R,3R,4R)‐Dihydroxyproline (IV). (1987)

Abstract The acetonide (I), readily available from glucuronolactone, is transformed to its derivative (Ib).
An Azepanone-Based Inhibitor of Human Cathepsin K with Improved Oral Bioavailability in the Rat and the Monkey (2003)

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the potent azepanone-based cathepsin K inhibitor 3 showed that it has an oral bioavailability of 42% in the rat and 4.8% in the monkey. The less than optimal oral bioavailabilities of 3 in the rat and the monkey precluded this analogue from being subjected to more detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses. In vitro and in vivo studies aimed at identifying the mechanisms which may be limiting the bioavailability of 3 in these species served to guide the syntheses of subsequent analogues for further evaluation. These studies have led to the identification of azepanone 6 that possesses improved oral bioavailability in both the rat (66.3%) and the monkey (23.4%).
Role of physician perception of patient smile on pretest probability assessment for acute pulmonary embolism (2016)

In patients with suspected PE, physician recollection of patients' smile+ was more common in PE+ patients, and was associated with a less accurate Wells score, primarily because physicians overestimated probability of alternative diagnosis. However, the overall diagnostic accuracy of physicians' gestalt did not differ with perceived smile status. These data suggest that the patients' smile had less effect on the numeric gestalt pretest probability assessment than on the binary decision about an alternative diagnosis.
Mutual coupling effect in multi-antenna wireless communication systems (2004)

A thorough investigation of mutual coupling effect on wireless communication systems is presented. Multiple antennas utilized by adaptive antenna arrays, spatial diversity structures, and multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems are analyzed for this purpose. In adaptive antenna arrays, mutual coupling can deteriorate the algorithms for getting the direction of arrival (DOA) and beamforming structure. In spatial diversity and MIMO systems, mutual coupling can increase or decrease the correlation between individual subchannels depending on the antenna configurations and the environment. An extensive mutual coupling model is needed to better analyze its effect on these systems. Available models either do not reflect all the parameters affecting mutual coupling or are not separable to the individual terms for a better analysis. In this paper, it is shown that mutual coupling can be expressed in terms of individual couplings due to antenna array geometry, near-field scatterers (NFS), and DOA. For MIMO and spatial diversity, DOA dependency drops since the feeding network does not have to be changed for a given DOA. By including the effect of NFS into the mutual coupling expression, the effect of mutual coupling on wireless communication systems can be better studied.
Insulin-like peptide 3 expressed in the silkworm possesses intrinsic disulfide bonds and full biological activity (2017)

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a member of the relaxin/insulin superfamily and is expressed in testicular Leydig cells. Essential for fetal testis descent, INSL3 has been implicated in testicular and sperm function in adult males via interaction with relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2). The INSL3 is typically prepared using chemical synthesis or overexpression in Escherichia coli followed by oxidative refolding and proteolysis. Here, we expressed and purified full-length porcine INSL3 (pINSL3) using a silkworm-based Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid expression system. Biophysical measurements and proteomic analysis revealed that this recombinant pINSL3 exhibited the correct conformation, with the three critical disulfide bonds observed in native pINSL3, although partial cleavage occurred. In cAMP stimulation assays using RXFP2-expressing HEK293 cells, the recombinant pINSL3 possessed full biological activity. This is the first report concerning the production of fully active pINSL3 without post-expression treatments and provides an efficient production platform for expressing relaxin/insulin superfamily peptides.
Biological roles of the non-integrin elastin/laminin receptor. (1997)

The 67-kDa protein identical to the enzymatically inactive spliced variant of beta-galactosidase is a major component of the non-integrin cell surface receptor expressed on fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, chondroblasts, leukocytes, and certain cancer cell types. It recognizes several non-identical hydrophobic domains on elastin, laminin, and type IV collagen, provided they form a similar secondary conformation. The 67-kDa protein is not a transmembrane molecule, but immobilizes on the cell surface by an association with two other proteins, the 61-kDa neuraminidase and the 55-kDa 'protective protein'. The 67-kDa protein binds to matrix ligands in a calcium independent manner and only in the absence of galactosugars. Binding of these carbohydrate-bearing moieties causes such conformational changes of the 67-kDa protein that it loses the ability to bind its principal matrix ligands and separates from the cell surface. Galactosugars which inactivate this unique cell surface receptor may therefore modulate cell-matrix interactions, especially in such processes as SMC migration during vascular thickening, tumor cell metastasis, or tissue infiltration by the leukocytes. In elastin-producing cells, the 67-kDa protein associates with tropoelastin and serves as a molecular chaperone which facilitates its intracellular transport and extracellular assembly.
An Asymmetric Dinuclear Bis(ansa-Zirconocene) Complex: Synthesis and Performance in Olefin (co-)Polymerization (2023)

A synthetic strategy to access asymmetric dinuclear bis(ansa-metallocene) pre-catalysts is described. As a key step, the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 9,9-bis(trimethylsilyl)-fluoren-2-yl-boronic acid with a substituted 2-bromo-9H-fluorene generates an asymmetric 2,2′-bifluorene platform, which can be individually functionalized at the two differentiated 9-positions. Herein, as a first demonstration of this strategy, we report the asymmetric dinuclear bis(ansa-zirconocene) complex 2,2′-[{Me2C(Flu)(Cp)}ZrCl2][{Me2C(7-tBuFlu)(Cp)}ZrCl2], which has been characterized with NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The performance of this bimetallic pre-catalyst when combined with MAO has been evaluated in ethylene, propylene, and ethylene/1-hexene (co-)polymerization. This pre-catalyst is revealed to be less productive than the mononuclear reference pre-catalyst {Me2C(2,7-tBuFlu)(Cp)}ZrCl2, likely because of higher steric hindrance induced by the linkage at the difluorenyl platform. The resulting (co-)polymers featured only slight differences in terms of molecular weights, tacticity, and comonomer incorporation. No bimodal molecular weight distribution was achieved at any produced polymer; this might have originated from the close similarity of the connected Cp/Flu moieties or a rapid chain-transfer phenomenon between the different active sites which were quite close to each other.
Study on Detailing Design of Precast Concrete Frame Structure (2018)

Taking a certain precast concrete frame structure as an example, this paper introduces the general procedures and key points in detailing design of emulative cast-in-place prefabricated structure from the aspects of structural scheme, precast element layout, shop drawing design and BIM 3D modelling. This paper gives a practical solution for the detailing design of precast concrete frame structure under structural design codes in China.