gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Ablation: Towards Advanced Industrial Solar Cell Metallization Processes (2011)

For high efficiency industrial silicon solar cells, Cu based contacts are very promising, in order to reduce shadow losses, series resistance losses, and to improve the contact resistance to the emitter. In this perspective laser ablation is a fast and cost-effective technique to open the SiNx anti-reflection-coating (ARC). In this paper we study the laser ablation damage to the emitter by SEM and optical microscopy, and SunsVoc characterization. Finally we compare the solar cells performance of Ti/Cu contacting schemes using (1) line contact ablation (2) point contact ablation with a reference process (3) where wet etching is used to structure the SiNx ARC layer.
Tissue Distribution, Gender- and Genotype-Dependent Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes in Avian Species (2014)

As a result of the genetic selection of broiler (meat-type breeders) chickens for enhanced growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio, it has become necessary to restrict feed intake. When broilers are fed ad libitum, they would become obese and suffer from several health-related problems. A vital adaptation to starvation is autophagy, a self-eating mechanism for recycling cellular constituents. The autophagy pathway has witnessed dramatic growth in the last few years and extensively studied in yeast and mammals however, there is a paucity of information in avian (non-mammalian) species. Here we characterized several genes involved in autophagosome initiation and elongation in Red Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail (coturnix coturnix Japonica). Both complexes are ubiquitously expressed in chicken and quail tissues (liver, leg and breast muscle, brain, gizzard, intestine, heart, lung, kidney, adipose tissue, ovary and testis). Alignment analysis showed high similarity (50.7 to 91.5%) between chicken autophagy-related genes and their mammalian orthologs. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the evolutionary relationship between autophagy genes is consistent with the consensus view of vertebrate evolution. Interestingly, the expression of autophagy-related genes is tissue- and gender-dependent. Furthermore, using two experimental male quail lines divergently selected over 40 generations for low (resistant, R) or high (sensitive, S) stress response, we found that the expression of most studied genes are higher in R compared to S line. Together our results indicate that the autophagy pathway is a key molecular signature exhibited gender specific differences and likely plays an important role in response to stress in avian species.
Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machines (2021)

Hybrid excited synchronous machines (HESMs) combine permanent-magnet (PM) excitation and wound field (WF) excitation. The goal of hybrid excitation is to combine the advantages of PM excited machines and WF synchronous machines. HESM have been identified as one of the emerging technologies for modern energy conversion systems. They have been the subject of many review articles. The principle of hybrid excitation allows solving many drawbacks related to PM electric machines operation: flux weakening, energy efficiency, and PMs price fluctuation. It helps to introduce an additional degree of freedom in the design of synchronous machines, and allows therefore an easier adaptation of PM synchronous machines to a wider applications scope. To this additional degree corresponds the possibility of adjusting the contribution of the two magnetic field sources: PM and WF. The use of this technology for electric traction has been the subject of many scientific and technical contributions. In this contribution, the emphasis will be put on the use of these machines as generators in transportation applications and renewable energy applications. The design and operation of three particular structures will be presented. Two of them have been designed as generators for transportation applications, and the third one has been designed as generator for renewable energy conversion. All of them are flux switching hybrid excited synchronous machines (FSHESM).
Excited-state absorption ofEu2+-doped materials (1993)

We have investigated the excited-state absorption spectra of four ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$-doped materials: ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{SrCl}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{LiCaAlF}}_{6}$. The excited-state absorption in the emission region of each material is similar in nature to that previously observed for ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$, and is suggested to arise from a 5d\ensuremath{\rightarrow} (conduction band) transition. An electrostatic model for the onset of this type of transition is successful in predicting trends among different hosts.
A Phase I Dose-Finding Study of 5-Azacytidine in Combination with Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors (2009)

The combination of 5-AC and phenylbutyrate across three dose schedules was generally well tolerated and safe, yet lacked any real evidence for clinical benefit.
Recent Trends in the Integration of Circuit Optimization and Full-Wave Electromagnetic Analysis (2004)

In this paper, we provide an overview of some recent trends for the general electromagnetic (EM) circuit co-optimization approach based on an electromagnetic database (EMDB). This study is the result of long-standing efforts toward the development of an efficient planar EM simulator and its seamless integration in and combination with a circuit design environment. Two complementary techniques are put forward to build an EMDB model. Flexibility, accuracy, and computational efficiency of both techniques are validated by several examples.
Identification of Caucasian CD4 T cell epitopes on the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax . T cell memory. (1993)

We have identified a population of Caucasians with a defined past history of infection with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Using purified synthetic peptides overlapping the sequence of the circumsporozoite protein, we determined the percentage of individuals whose T cells proliferated or secreted IFN-gamma in response to peptide stimulation, for both this population and a population of nonmalaria-exposed control individuals. A number of peptides were recognized by both groups, but 11 peptides were uniquely recognized by the exposed population, and thus represented malaria-specific T cell epitopes. CD4 T cells were found to be responsible for the proliferative response. Humans last exposed to vivax sporozoites as long ago as 49 yr responded as well or better to these malaria-specific epitopes as individuals exposed within the previous month. Since such malaria-induced memory response may not be a feature of Plasmodium falciparum infections, and since P. falciparum does not have a persisting hypnozoite stage, our data argue that the persistence of T cell memory to vivax epitopes may result from antigenic persistence in the liver.
Synthesis of a FTO Inhibitor with Anticonvulsant Activity (2014)

We describe the rationale for and the synthesis of a new class of compounds utilizing a modular approach that are designed to mimic ascorbic acid and to inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases. Preliminary characterization of one of these compounds indicates in vivo anticonvulsant activity (6 Hz mouse model) at nontoxic doses, inhibition of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase FTO, and expected increase in cellular N(6)-methyladenosine. This compound is also able to modulate various microRNA, an interesting result in light of the recent view that modulation of microRNAs may be useful for the treatment of CNS disease.
A systems biology approach identifies the biochemical mechanisms regulating monoterpenoid essential oil composition in peppermint (2008)

The integration of mathematical modeling and experimental testing is emerging as a powerful approach for improving our understanding of the regulation of metabolic pathways. In this study, we report on the development of a kinetic mathematical model that accurately simulates the developmental patterns of monoterpenoid essential oil accumulation in peppermint (Mentha x piperita). This model was then used to evaluate the biochemical processes underlying experimentally determined changes in the monoterpene pathway under low ambient-light intensities, which led to an accumulation of the branchpoint intermediate (+)-pulegone and the side product (+)-menthofuran. Our simulations indicated that the environmentally regulated changes in monoterpene profiles could only be explained when, in addition to effects on biosynthetic enzyme activities, as yet unidentified inhibitory effects of (+)-menthofuran on the branchpoint enzyme pulegone reductase (PR) were assumed. Subsequent in vitro analyses with recombinant protein confirmed that (+)-menthofuran acts as a weak competitive inhibitor of PR (K(i) = 300 muM). To evaluate whether the intracellular concentration of (+)-menthofuran was high enough for PR inhibition in vivo, we isolated essential oil-synthesizing secretory cells from peppermint leaves and subjected them to steam distillations. When peppermint plants were grown under low-light conditions, (+)-menthofuran was selectively retained in secretory cells and accumulated to very high levels (up to 20 mM), whereas under regular growth conditions, (+)-menthofuran levels remained very low (<400 muM). These results illustrate the utility of iterative cycles of mathematical modeling and experimental testing to elucidate the mechanisms controlling flux through metabolic pathways.
A Complex Network of Interactions between S282 and G283 of Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5B and the Template Strand Affects Susceptibility to Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin (2016)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase NS5B is essentially required for viral replication and serves as a prominent drug target. Sofosbuvir is a prodrug of a nucleotide analog that interacts selectively with NS5B and has been approved for HCV treatment in combination with ribavirin. Although the emergence of resistance to sofosbuvir is rarely seen in the clinic, the S282T mutation was shown to decrease susceptibility to this drug. S282T was also shown to confer hypersusceptibility to ribavirin, which is of potential clinical benefit. Here we devised a biochemical approach to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Recent crystallographic data revealed a hydrogen bond between S282 and the 2'-hydroxyl of the bound nucleotide, while the adjacent G283 forms a hydrogen bond with the 2'-hydroxyl of the residue of the template that base pairs with the nucleotide substrate. We show that DNA-like modifications of the template that disrupt hydrogen bonding with G283 cause enzyme pausing with natural nucleotides. However, the specifically introduced DNA residue of the template reestablishes binding and incorporation of sofosbuvir in the context of S282T. Moreover, the DNA-like modifications of the template prevent the incorporation of ribavirin in the context of the wild-type enzyme, whereas the S282T mutant enables the binding and incorporation of ribavirin under the same conditions. Together, these findings provide strong evidence to show that susceptibility to sofosbuvir and ribavirin depends crucially on a network of interdependent hydrogen bonds that involve the adjacent residues S282 and G283 and their interactions with the incoming nucleotide and complementary template residue, respectively.
A Cooperative Drone Assisted Mobile Access Network for Disaster Emergency Communications (2019)

Multiple drone-mounted base stations (DBSs) are used to be deployed over a disaster struck area to help mobile users (MUs) communicate with working BSs, which are located beyond the disaster-struck area. DBSs are considered as relay nodes between MUs and working BSs. In order to relax the bottleneck in wireless backhaul links, we propose a cooperative drone assisted mobile access network architecture by enabling DBSs (whose backhaul links are congested) to offload their traffic to other DBSs (whose backhaul links are not congested) via DBS-to-DBS communications. We formulate the DBS placement and channel allocation problem in the context of the cooperative drone assisted mobile access network architecture, and design a COoperative DBS plAcement and CHannel allocation (COACH) algorithm to solve the problem. The performance of COACH is demonstrated via extensive simulations.
Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuit for 3D Microimaging (2016)

An integrated electronic-photonic phase-locked loop (PLL) modulates the frequency of a tunable laser for use in frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lidar 3D imaging. The proposed lidar can perform 180k range measurements per second. The rms depth precision is 8 μm at distances of ±5 cm from the range baseline. The range window is 1.4 m, with a precision of 4.2 mm at the edges of the window. Optical circuitry, including input light couplers, waveguides, and photodiodes, is realized on a 3 mm × 3 mm silicon-photonic chip. The 0.18-μm CMOS ASIC of the same area comprises the frontend transimpedance amplifier, analog electro-optical PLL, and digital control circuitry consuming 1.7 mA from a 1.8 V supply and 14.1 mA from a 5-V supply. The latter includes 12.5-mA bias current for the distributed Bragg reflector section of the tunable laser. The two chips are integrated using through-silicon-vias implemented in the silicon-photonic chip.
Comparison of Inverter Topologies for High-Speed Motor Drive Applications (2021)

This paper investigates and compares the performance of three-phase inverters and sets of single-phase full-bridge inverters for motor drive applications. Comparisons are made for a given semiconductor device area and equal rms phase current ripple and the regions of the design space in which each topology is advantageous are identified. It is found that separate full-bridge inverters are preferable for designs in which switching losses are dominant, whereas three-phase inverters are preferable for designs in which conduction losses are dominant. This result suggests that individual phase drive is desirable in applications requiring high switching frequencies, as in high-speed, low-inductance machines.
Performance comparison of aperture codes for multimodal, multiplex spectroscopy (2007)

We experimentally evaluate diverse static independent column codes in a coded aperture spectrometer. The performance of each code is evaluated based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), defined as the peak value in the spectrum to the standard deviation of the background noise, as a function of subpixel vertical misalignments. Among the code families tested, an S-matrix-based code produces spectral reconstructions with the highest SNR. The SNR is least sensitive to vertical subpixel misalignments on the detector with a Hadamard-matrix-based code. Finally, the increased sensitivity of a spectrometer using a coded aperture instead of a slit is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYFLUORALKYL DERIVATIVES OF NITROGEN PART 38, REACTION OF N‐BROMOBISTRIFLUOROMETHYLAMINE WITH ALLYLCHLORIDE, PREPARATION OF N,N‐BISTRIFLUOROMETHYLPROP‐2‐ENYLAMINE (1973)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) mit Allylchlorid (IIa) bei ‐78°C im Dunkeln ("ionische" Bedingungen) liefert ein Gemisch (88% Ausbeute) der Addukte (IIIa) und (IVa) im Verhältnis 66:34; daneben entsteht Bis‐trifluormethylamin (10%).
Science Signaling Podcast: 1 July 2014 (2014)

Exosomes released by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote dormancy of metastatic breast cancer cells.
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy with Fusion versus Anterior Hybrid Fusion Surgery for Patients with Severe Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Involving Three or More Levels: A Retrospective Comparative Study (2021)

Various studies have found a high incidence of early graft dislodgement after multilevel corpectomy. Although a hybrid fusion technique was developed to resolve implant failure, the hybrid and conventional techniques have not been clearly compared in terms of perioperative complications in patients with severe ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involving three or more levels. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiologic outcomes between anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACCF) and anterior hybrid fusion for the treatment of multilevel cervical OPLL. We therefore retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic data of 53 consecutive patients who underwent anterior fusion to treat cervical OPLL: 30 underwent ACCF and 23 underwent anterior hybrid fusion. All patients completed 2 years of follow-ups. Implant migration was defined as subsidence > 3 mm. There were no significant differences in demographics or clinical characteristics between the ACCF and hybrid groups. Early implant failure occurred significantly more frequently in the ACCF group (5 cases, 16.7%) compared with the hybrid group (0 cases, 0%). The fusion rate was 80% in the ACCF group and 100% in the hybrid group. Although both procedures can achieve satisfactory neurologic outcomes for multilevel OPLL patients, hybrid fusion likely provides better biomechanical stability than the conventional ACCF technique.
Statistical modeling of the lung nodules in low dose computed tomography scans of the chest (2010)

This work presents a novel approach in automatic detection of the lung nodules and is compared with respect to parametric nodule models in terms of sensitivity and specificity. A Statistical method is used for generating data driven models of the nodules appearing in low dose CT (LDCT) scans of the human chest. Four types of common lung nodules are analyzed using the Procrustes based AAM method to create descriptive lung nodules. Performance of the new nodule models on clinical datasets is significant over parametric nodule models in both sensitivity and specificity. The new nodule modeling approach is also applicable for automatic classification of nodules into pathologies given a descriptive database. This approach is a major step forward for early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Brain‐Penetrating and Disease Site‐Targeting Manganese Dioxide‐Polymer‐Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Remodel Microenvironment of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Multiple Pathological Pathways (2023)

Finding effective disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease remains challenging due to an array of factors contributing to the loss of neural function. The current study demonstrates a new strategy, using multitargeted bioactive nanoparticles to modify the brain microenvironment to achieve therapeutic benefits in a well-characterized mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The application of brain-penetrating manganese dioxide nanoparticles significantly reduces hypoxia, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress; ultimately reducing levels of amyloid β plaques within the neocortex. Analyses of molecular biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging-based functional studies indicate that these effects improve microvessel integrity, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral lymphatic clearance of amyloid β. These changes collectively shift the brain microenvironment toward conditions more favorable to continued neural function as demonstrated by improved cognitive function following treatment. Such multimodal disease-modifying treatment may bridge critical gaps in the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Influence of the Ion-to-Atom Ratio on the Structure of CeO2Buffer Layer by Ion Beam Assisted E-Beam Evaporation (2005)

Using ion-beam assisted e-beam evaporation with the ion beam directed at 55° to the normal of the film plane, (200) oriented CeO 2 films with biaxial texture were deposited on Hastelloy C276 substrates at room temperature. The crystalline quality and in-plane orientation of films was investigated by X-ray diffraction 2θ-scan and Φ-scan, atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that the in-plane and out-of-plane textures of the CeO 2 films were controlled by the deposition parameters. The orientation of the films was studied as a function of ion-to-atom ratio and film thickness. The ion-to-atom ratio was varied by independently adjusting the deposition rate and the ion current density. Under optimum condition, (200) textured CeO 2 films have been successfully grown on Hastelloy C276.
The Spatial Extension of the Field Scattered by Silver Nanoparticles Excited near Resonance as Observed by Apertureless Near-Field Optical Microscopy (2002)

We report an investigation of the field scattered by isolated silver nanoparticles on a glass substrate observed by apertureless near-field optical microscopy with an illumination wavelength of 404 nm. We observe an unexpected spatial extension of the scattered field. The near-field contrast (both distribution and intensity) is shown to be strongly sensitive to polarization of the incident light. A large (×10) field enhancement observed in transverse magnetic (TM) polarization is interpreted to be the result of the contribution of the particle plasmon resonance to the diffracted field. The results are further discussed in terms of the particle shape and the experimental configuration used.
Steroidogenic abnormalities in translocator protein knockout mice and significance in the aging male (2017)

The translocator protein (TSPO) has been proposed to act as a key component in a complex important for mitochondrial cholesterol importation, which is the rate-limiting step in steroid hormone synthesis. However, TSPO function in steroidogenesis has recently been challenged by the development of TSPO knockout (TSPO-KO) mice, as they exhibit normal baseline gonadal testosterone and adrenal corticosteroid production. Here, we demonstrate that despite normal androgen levels in young male TSPO-KO mice, TSPO deficiency alters steroidogenic flux and results in reduced total steroidogenic output. Specific reductions in the levels of progesterone and corticosterone as well as age-dependent androgen deficiency were observed in both young and aged male TSPO-KO mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that while TSPO is not critical for achieving baseline testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis, either indirect effects of TSPO on steroidogenic processes, or compensatory mechanisms and functional redundancy, lead to subtle steroidogenic abnormalities which become exacerbated with aging.
Emerging Role of miR-106b-25/miR-17-92 Clusters in the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling (2008)

Inactivation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) tumor suppressor pathway is a main step in the development of a variety of human tumors. The miR-106b-25 and miR-17-92 clusters are emerging as key modulators of TGFbeta signaling in gastrointestinal and other tumors, interfering with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis when overexpressed in cancer cells. Genetic ablation of these microRNAs (miRNAs) reveals their physiologic role in the control of liver and central nervous system apoptosis, supporting the notion that miRNA-based homeostatic mechanisms can be usurped by cancer cells to resist TGFbeta tumor suppression.
Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence Enhancement by Silver Islands Films (2011)

Optical detection of singlet oxygen, a reactive oxygen species that plays a crucial role in a variety of biomedical processes, is hampered by its extremely low emission probability. Using plasmonic effects induced in silver islands films coated with C60, we have been able to enhance the near-IR phosphorescence of singlet oxygen by a factor of ca. 35. Both an enhanced production of singlet oxygen via plasmon-induced light absorption and the perturbation of its radiative rate constant are shown to account for this effect. The dependence of the enhancement factor on the properties of the silver island films and on the amount of C60 coated are discussed.