gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tremelimumab, a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4, in combination with subtotal ablation (trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization [TACE], radiofrequency ablation [RFA] or cryoablation) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). (2016)

270 Background: Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to CTLA-4 expressed on the surface of activated T lymphocytes and results in inhibition of B7-CTLA-4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation (CA) have been shown to induce a peripheral immune response which may enhance the effect of anti-CTLA4 treatment in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: Patients with HCC [Childs Pugh A/B7; BCLC B/C; ECOG 0/1; post-sorafenib (BCLC stage C only)] or refractory BTC were enrolled in a study of Tremelimumab combined with subtotal TACE, RFA or CA performed on week 6. All BTC patients received RFA as the immune-stimulant in combination with tremelimumab. Tumor biopsies were performed at baseline and at time of RF/TACE. Results: 34 pts enrolled (28 HCC, 6 BTC). Characteristics: M:F 26:8; Median age 54(range 42-76); In HCC pts cirrhosis present in 17pts, BCLC Stage B/C: 9/19; Hepatitis B/C/neg: 4/15/9. 13 pts received TACE, 16 underwent RFA (inc 6 BTC pts), 3 CA during week 6 of tremelimumab therapy. 2 pts did not receive an ablative procedure. No DLT encountered. Most common toxicity was pruritus. One patient developed pulmonitis and was taken off study but remained disease-free at 16m. Of N = 17 pts evaluable for response outside of TACE/RFA-treated lesion 4 (23.5%) achieved confirmed partial responses. 8 of 9 pts with quantifiable HCV experienced a marked reduction in viral load. 6-week tumor biopsies showed immune cell infiltration on all evaluable patients. Median PFS for the evaluable HCC population (N = 25) was 5.7m. Conclusions: Tremelimumab in combination with subtotal TACE, RFA or CA in patients with advanced HCC and BTC is safe and feasible. Obtaining tumor biopsies at baseline and at the time of RFA/TACE is safe. Evidence of immune cell infiltration was seen on evaluable patients. Encouraging clinical activity seen with objective confirmed responses, PFS 5.7m and possibly surrogate reductions in HCV viral load. Clinical trial information: NCT01853618.
Monoclonal Antibodies and Toxins—A Perspective on Function and Isotype (2012)

Antibody therapy remains the only effective treatment for toxin-mediated diseases. The development of hybridoma technology has allowed the isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity and defined properties, and numerous mAbs have been purified and characterized for their protective efficacy against different toxins. This review summarizes the mAb studies for 6 toxins--Shiga toxin, pertussis toxin, anthrax toxin, ricin toxin, botulinum toxin, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)--and analyzes the prevalence of mAb functions and their isotypes. Here we show that most toxin-binding mAbs resulted from immunization are non-protective and that mAbs with potential therapeutic use are preferably characterized. Various common practices and caveats of protection studies are discussed, with the goal of providing insights for the design of future research on antibody-toxin interactions.
Copper‐in‐Charcoal (Cu/C): Heterogeneous, Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylations (2006)

Asymmetric copper chemistry …︁ done heterogeneously? It's doable: Copper-in-charcoal (Cu/C) is introduced as an easily prepared catalyst that is readily converted in situ into a nonracemically ligated form of copper hydride that effects asymmetric hydrosilylations. DTBM=3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxydiphenylphosphinyl. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503149_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
WMC: New technologies for frequency- or phase-agile microwave circuits and systems (2004)

Provides an abstract of the workshop presentation and a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Microsecond Electro-Optic Switching of Nematic Liquid Crystals with Giant Dielectric Anisotropy (2019)

Electro-optical effects in nematic liquid crystals are extensively used in display technology. A major drawback that has hindered further application is the relatively slow time of the optical response to an applied field, on the order of milliseconds. The authors demonstrate a $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$-scale electro-optical response, by using the electric field to change the orientational order of a liquid crystal with giant positive dielectric anisotropy. This phenomenon could be exploited in fast electro-optical shutters, phase modulators, beam steering, and more.
Study on Development of Miniature ER Actuators and Their Application to Wire Drive System. (2001)

Many kinds of actuators are used in robots or mechatronics systems. The torque/inertia ratio is one of the indexes that show the characteristics of the actuator. Since the actuator that has large torque/inertia ratio can respond very fast, it is suitable for haptic interface. In this study, rapid-response miniature ER actuators are proposed, and modeling and control of the wire drive system using miniature ER actuators are discussed. The ER fluids are kinds of functional fluids. The ER actuator can realize large torque/inertia ratio and rapid response. Firstly, multiple-disk-type miniature ER actuators are developed, and its static and dynamic characteristics are investigated. Next, a wire drive system is constructed by using miniature ER actuators and the transfer function of the system is derived. Finally we design the PD feedback position control system. Frequency response and time response experiments are conducted. It is verified that the feedback control system can be designed by using the derived model.
“Naked” fluoride binding sites for physisorptive hydrogen storage (2007)

Charge separated ammonium fluorides are calculated to have enhanced binding affinities with molecular hydrogen; a model is proposed for a hypothetical porous polymer where “naked” fluoride moieties are site isolated and available for H2physisorption.
Low Damage In Situ Contact Cleaning Method by a Highly Dense and Directional ECR Plasma (1996)

In situ electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma cleaning process is applied for the cleaning of sub-half-micron-sized contacts in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. ECR plasma cleaning shows superior performance over reactive ion etch (RIE), RF plasma, and dilute HF wet cleaning methods. The high density but low incident energy of the ECR plasma process minimizes surface damage. In addition, the high directionality of this process effectively removes surface impurities from sub-half-micron-sized contacts, resulting in low and stable contact resistance. The ECR plasma cleaning process also reshapes the contact profile in favor of contact filling by Al reflow and is extremely effective for contact cleaning, especially when H 2 is incorporated to the ECR plasma cleaning process. Thus it shows great promise as a future contact cleaning technology of choice.
Identification of the ‘Antigenome’ — A Novel Tool for Design and Development of Subunit Vaccines against Bacterial Pathogens (2003)

Introduction Small DNA Insert Libraries — A Tool to Cover a Pathogen's ‘Antigenome’ Proper Display Platforms Selected Human Sera Provide Imprints of Pathogen Encounters Cognate Antibodies Reveal the ‘Antigenome’ of a Pathogen How to Retrieve from the ‘Antigenome’ the Candidate Antigens for Vaccine Development Summary and Discussion References
Microparticles from Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages Promote Inflammation and Cellular Migration (2012)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response whereby a few infected macrophages within the granuloma induce sustained cellular accumulation. The mechanisms coordinating this response are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that microparticles (MPs), which are submicron, plasma membrane-derived vesicles released by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions, are involved in this process. Aerosol infection of mice with M. tuberculosis increased CD45(+) MPs in the blood after 4 wk of infection, and in vitro infection of human and murine macrophages with mycobacteria enhanced MP release. MPs derived from mycobacteria-infected macrophages were proinflammatory, and when injected into uninfected mice they induced significant neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell recruitment to the injection site. When incubated with naive macrophages, these MPs enhanced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, and they aided in the disruption of the integrity of a respiratory epithelial cell monolayer, providing a mechanism for the egress of cells to the site of M. tuberculosis infection in the lung. In addition, MPs colocalized with the endocytic recycling marker Rab11a within macrophages, and this association increased when the MPs were isolated from mycobacteria-infected cells. M. tuberculosis-derived MPs also carried mycobacterial Ag and were able to activate M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells in vivo and in vitro in a dendritic cell-dependent manner. Collectively, these data identify an unrecognized role for MPs in host response against M. tuberculosis by promoting inflammation, intercellular communication, and cell migration.
PPE Protein (Rv3873) from DNA Segment RD1 ofMycobacterium tuberculosis: Strong Recognition of Both Specific T-Cell Epitopes and Epitopes Conserved within the PPE Family (2003)

Proteins encoded by DNA segment RD1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have recently been demonstrated to play important roles in bacterial virulence, vaccine development, and diagnostic reagent design. Previously, we characterized two immunodominant T-cell antigens, the early secreted antigen target (ESAT-6) and the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10), which are encoded by the esx-lhp operon in this region. In the present study we characterized a third putative open reading frame in this region, rv3873, which encodes a PPE protein. We found that the rv3873 gene is expressed in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and that the native protein, Rv3873, is predominantly associated with the mycobacterial cell or wall. When tested as a His-tagged recombinant protein, Rv3873 stimulated high levels of gamma interferon secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as from healthy tuberculin purified protein derivative-positive donors. In contrast to other RD1-encoded antigens, Rv3873 was also found to be recognized by a significant proportion of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated donors. Epitope mapping performed with overlapping peptides revealed a broad pattern of T-cell recognition comprising both TB-specific epitopes and epitopes also recognized by BCG-vaccinated donors. The immunodominant epitope (residues 118 to 135) for both TB patients and BCG-vaccinated individuals was found to be highly conserved among a large number of PPE family members.
Semi-Fluorinated Trialkyltin Fluorides and Fluorinated Telechelic Ionomers as Viscosity-Enhancing Agents for Carbon Dioxide (2001)

Direct thickeners for dense carbon dioxide were designed and synthesized. Each thickener contained “CO2-philic” fluorinated groups to impart solubility in carbon dioxide and “CO2-phobic” functionalities to promote intermolecular associations for viscosity enhancement. Semi-fluorinated trialkyltin fluorides and fluorinated telechelic ionomers were soluble to at least several weight percent in dense liquid carbon dioxide without the use of a cosolvent. Increases in solution viscosity at 297 K were measured using falling cylinder viscometry. The viscosity of liquid carbon dioxide was increased by a factor of 2−3 at thickener concentrations of 2−4 wt %. These results demonstrate that carbon dioxide viscosity enhancement is possible without the need for a cosolvent through the design of compounds with the appropriate balance of CO2-philic groups for solubility and CO2-phobic associating groups for macromolecular, viscosity-enhancing interactions. Neither compound, however, was as effective as the (29% styrene−71% fluoroacrylate) copolymer we recently developed. More substantial increases in solution viscosity were not attained with the semi-fluorinated trialkyltin fluoride because the fluorinated alkyl chains disrupted the associations that formed viscosity-enhancing, weakly associating, linear polymers. The viscosity increases obtained with the telechelic ionomer were also less than expected because of the relatively low molecular weight of the carbon-dioxide-soluble ionomers. Higher-molecular-weight ionomers would not be CO2-soluble, however.
PREFACE (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPREFACEDENNIS W. HESSDENNIS W. HESSDepartment of Chemical Engineering University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-9989More by DENNIS W. HESS and KLAVS F. JENSENKLAVS F. JENSENDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 March 28, 1989More by KLAVS F. JENSENDOI: 10.1021/ba-1989-0221.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):May 5, 1989Publication History Published online22 July 2009Published inprint 5 May 1989Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1989 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Microelectronics Processingpp xiii-xivAdvances in ChemistryVol. 221ISBN13: 9780841214750eISBN: 9780841224032Chapter Views51Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (251 KB) Get e-Alerts
Format-Independent Authentication of Arbitrary Scalable Bit-Streams using One-Way Accumulators (2007)

We propose a mechanism for authentication of general scalable bit-streams, based on quasi-commutative one-way accumulator functions. Such functions allow flexible partitioning between an auxiliary hash computed for removed parts of an original bit-stream and the hash that a receiver can compute from the received bit-stream, and yet allow generation of a common root hash for the original bit-stream against which the authentication may be conducted. Unlike prior work using Merkle hash trees, the number of auxiliary hashes to be transmitted is always one, independent of the actual version of the bit-stream to be authenticated, and the mechanism is independent of the order of hash accumulation. Further, the method readily lends itself to format-independent authentication and adaptation mechanism by use of appropriate standardized metadata.
Scatterometric porosimetry: A new characterization technique for porous material patterned structures (2010)

A new technique, so called “scatterometric porosimetry” (SP) has been developed to improve our knowledge on the properties of porous material patterned structures. None of the existing techniques is able to characterize the porous material structures after patterning. SP is based on the measurement of the refractive index variation of porous material structures (lines and holes) when filled with a solvent (toluene, methanol, and water). This technique is applied to monitor the modifications in low-K dielectric materials (porous SiOCH) after the plasma patterning steps used to form lines and vias in the porous materials in a typical dual damascene CMOS technology process.
Crystal Structure of the New Layer Silicate RUB‐39 and Its Topotactic Condensation to a Microporous Zeolite with Framework Type RRO. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of nucleosides using ketene dithioacetals (1988)

Several unnatural pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole nucleosides are synthesized in a regio- and stereoselective manner by the reaction of readily available ketene dithioacetals with 1-ribofuranosylhydrazine.
Application of a Normally OFF Silicon Carbide Power JFET in a Photovoltaic Inverter (2009)

Conventional wisdom that the SiC JFET is only a normally on device has recently been superseded by the first practical normally off SiC JFET. This new true enhancement mode, three-terminal, pure-SiC design provides designers with a normally off solution that retains all the benefits of the normally on SiC JFET. With only a simple change in series gate impedance, the EM SiC JFET can be used with common IC drivers and is a drop-in replacement for current silicon power devices in most applications. The device characteristics for the normally off SiC JFET are superior to MOSFETs and IGBTs and offer the possibility of efficiency improvements from reduced conduction and switching losses. The work presented in this paper demonstrates the drop-in replacement of 4 IGBTs with 4 normally off SiC JFET in a commercially available solar inverter based on a full-bridge topology. While demonstration as a drop-in replacement device was the main goal, system efficiency for operation with each device was observed and compared and an immediate improvement observed for the SiC JFET.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MHC ALLOPEPTIDE REACTIVE T CELL CLONES FROM HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1998)

382 We have recently demonstrated that T cells obtained from patients with chronic renal allograft dysfunction are primed to recognize and respond to specific donor-derived class II MHC allopeptides in vitro. In experimental animal models, class II MHC allopeptide-specific Th1 clones generated from rejecting animals express restricted TCR Vß repertoire and transfer delayed type hypersensitivity responses in vivo. In this study we generated T cell clones from PBMCs of two human renal transplant recipients; the first patient has chronic allograft dysfunction and the second control patient has stable graft function. Patient 1 received a HLA-DR*0101 mismatched living donor renal allograft and currently has chronic allograft dysfunction (creatinine: 2.9mg/dl) with typical histopathological features of chronic rejection. We have previously demonstrated T cell reactivity to peptide (42-62) of HLA-DR*0101 in this patient. Patient 2 received a HLA-DR*1501 mismatched cadaver renal allograft and currently has stable renal function (creatinine: 1.6mg/dl). Allopeptide reactivity was not detectable to any of 5 HLA-DR*1501 allopeptides on each of three separate occasions in this patient. T cell lines were generated from PBMCs of both patients by repeated stimulation with self APC pulsed allopeptide; peptide (42-62) of HLA-DR*0101 was used for patient 1 and peptide(1-21) of HLA-DR*1501 was used for patient 2. T cell clones were then generated by limiting dilution and were phenotyped using flow cytometric analysis. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine production by ELISA, and the TCR Vß expression was characterized by RT-PCR. T cell clones from patient 1 were found to be CD4+ cells which specifically proliferated to peptide (42-62) of HLA-DR*0101 and which produced IL-2 and IFN-γ after re-stimulation with the peptide. Clones from patient 2 proliferated weakly, yet specifically to peptide (1-21) of HLA-DR*1501 and were found to be CD4+ cells which produced IL-4 and IL-10 after re-stimulation with the peptide. RT-PCR transcript analysis with specific human TCR Vß primers showed that the clones from both patients expressed a restricted TCR Vβ repertoire: 5.2, 8, 9, 13.1 and 13.2 for patient 1, and Vß 4, 6, 13.1, 13.1 and 13.1 for patient 2. The is the first demonstration, at the clonal level, that chronic allograft rejection in humans is associated with the presence of CD4+ MHC allopeptide-specific T cell clones that express a Th1 phenotype. In contrast, MHC allopeptide-specific T cell clones generated in the absence of rejection are associated with a (? protective) Th2 phenotype. Expanding these studies and understanding the mechanisms of immune deviation in humans should yield relevant information on the pathogenesis of chronic allograft rejection, the major clinical problem in organ transplantation.
Dynamic Bayesian Network Based Security Analysis for Physical Layer Key Extraction (2022)

Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned to expand Internet connectivity of the physical world, and the mobile edge cloud can be leveraged to enhance the resource-constrained IoT devices. The performance of the cloud-enhanced IoT applications depends on various system-wide information, such as the wireless channel states between IoT devices and their corresponding serving edge cloud nodes. However, with the semi-trusted edge resources and the public nature of wireless channels, public sharing of system information should be avoided to better balance the tradeoff between performance and security. In this paper, the benefits of local information exchange is investigated, where the privately-owned physical layer channel information is leveraged to extract lightweight keys. For the point-to-point wireless communications links with multiple passive eavesdroppers, the security metric in terms of conditional min-entropy is evaluated via the proposed Dynamic Bayesian Model. The proposed model can flexibly incorporate various dynamic information flows in the system and quantify the information leakage caused by wireless broadcasting. The rigorously defined and derived security metrics for such a key generation pipeline has been verified via the real-world collected time-varying wireless channel data. The designed model can achieve previously inconceivable security properties.