gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromagnetic study of Bloch-point-mediated vortex core reversal (2003)

We study how micromagnetic calculations can be applied to processes that involve a singularity of the magnetization field, namely, the Bloch point. In order to allow for comparison with recent experiments, we consider Permalloy thin-film disks supporting a vortex magnetic configuration. The structure of the Bloch point at rest in the middle of the core of the vortex is studied first, comparing the evolution of the calculation results under decreasing mesh size to analytical results. The reversal of the core of the vortex under a field applied perpendicularly to the disk plane is then investigated. We apply two different procedures to evaluate switching fields and processes: direct micromagnetic time-dependent calculation, and the evaluation of the energy barrier that separates the two orientations of the vortex core in the configuration space, using a path method. Both methods show the occurrence of Bloch points during reversal. Special attention is paid to the extrapolation towards zero mesh size of the numerical results. The calculations are confronted to experimental values from Okuno et al. [J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 240, 1 (2002)]. We conclude that defects and thermal agitation are likely to assist Bloch-point injection, hence lowering the switching fields.
Pharmacodynamic activity of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2014)

2541 Background: AZD5363 is an ATP competitive small molecule inhibitor of AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 and is currently in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in breast, gynaecological and prostate cancer. In pre-clinical tumour xenograft models, AZD5363 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT substrates PRAS40 and GSK3β in tumour tissue. Methods: Tumour biopsies were obtained from patients with advanced solid tumours in Western and Japanese phase 1 studies. Pharmacodynamic activity of AZD5363 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumour tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for total and phospho-AKT, phospho-PRAS40 and phospho-GSK3β using commercially available antibodies. IHC was quantified by H-score (sum of % tumour cells with 0=negative; 1=weak; 2=moderate; 3=strong staining) based on the results from 3 sections for each antibody. Inhibition of PRAS40 phosphorylation in hair follicles obtained 4 hours after dosing was measured by immunofluorescence and quantified by image analysis. Results: Paired tumour biopsies at baseline and after approximately 2 weeks dosing were obtained from patients on continuous and intermittent dosing schedules. Inhibition of GSK3β and PRAS40 phosphorylation of >30% or >50% respectively was seen in 4/7 (GSK3β) and 2/8 (PRAS40) tumours at tolerated doses of AZD5363. Phospho-AKT was increased in 4/7 (AKT-Thr308) and 4/5 (AKT-Ser473) tumours commensurate with the mechanism of action of AZD5363. Hair follicle PRAS40 phosphorylation was reduced by >50% in 22/71 patients and showed evidence of an exposure related response with an IC50 of 2μM total plasma concentration. Blood glucose also demonstrated an exposure response relationship with maximum glucose concentration correlating with drug plasma Cmax. Conclusions: Inhibition of AKT substrate phosphorylation in tumour biopsies from advanced cancer patients with a range of solid tumours was qualitatively comparable to that observed in preclinical models showing tumour growth inhibition at clinically achievable exposures. Clinical trial information: NCT01226316; NCT01353781.
Higher-order wavefront aberrations induced by small ablation area and sub-clinical decentration in simulated corneal refractive surgery using a perturbed schematic eye model (2003)

The purpose was to investigate the effect of decentered ablation in myopic corneal refractive surgery by simulation. Wavefront aberrations in a small pupil area (radius: 2 mm) for photopic vision and in a large pupil area (radius: 3 mm) for mesopic vision with simulated refractive surgery were analyzed using Zernike polynomials. Radii of ablation were 3, 2.5 and 2 mm. Decentrations of ablation were 0 mm and 0.5 mm. Change of the surface shape by ablation was considered a perturbation, while Gullstrand's schematic eye was used as un-perturbed optics. For photopic vision, wavefront aberrations were about the same as with un-perturbed optics. For mesopic vision, the results were heavily dependent on the radius of ablation area. When the radius was 3 mm, wavefront aberrations did not increase very much compared to un-perturbed optics. When the radius was smaller than 3 mm, spherical aberration was induced by centered ablations, and coma was also induced by decentered ablations. In conclusion, small ablation areas or subclinical decentrations of ablations could cause serious amounts of wavefront aberrations to the optics of the eye in the simulations.
From R&D brassboards to navigation grade FOG-based INS: the experience of Photonetics/Ixsea (2003)

This paper gives a review of the development of FOG (fiber optic gyroscope) technology from the perspective of the Photonetics/Ixsea company. It discusses FOG performance improvements over time, and outlines their uses for attitude detection and positioning and in inertial navigation systems (INS). Product ranges for both marine and space applications are described.
Kurzschnittladewagen im Vergleich: Spezifischer Leistungsbedarf von Rechen und Rotorwagen (2015)

An der TUDresden wurden vergleichende Praxisversuche von Kurzschnit-tLadewagen mit Rotoraggregat und mit Rechenaggregat durchgeführt, die zum Ziel hatten, beide Systeme hinsichtlich Ladungsverdichtung, Ladeverhalten und Antriebsleistung zu vergleichen und gleichzeitig Messdaten bei unterschiedlichen Betriebszuständen als Grundlage für eine anschließende Optimierung zu gewinnen.
Starvation phase of Physarum polycephalum: characterization of transfer ribonucleic acid. (1981)

We have begun a series of studies designed to characterize gene expression during differentiation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. This work concerns the starvation phase of the sporulation sequence and describes some of the quantitative changes which occur in plasmodial constituents during the 3-day starvation period and also describes alterations in the transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) population. The results show that whereas the plasmodial tRNA content decreased by 75% during starvation, concurrent de novo synthesis of tRNA also occurred, and they also show that overall amino acid acceptor activity of the starvation-phase tRNA population did not differ significantly from that found in the growth phase. Of the 19 starvation-phase tRNA families assayed, however, 6 were found to have consistently lower acceptor activities than did their growth-phase counterparts. Reverse-phase (RPC-5) chromatographic analysis of five of those families failed to reveal any major differences between growth- and starvation-phase isoacceptors. The data suggest that the depletion and resynthesis of tRNA during the starvation phase results in a quantitative alteration in the composition of the tRNA population and that the alteration is tRNA family and not tRNA isoacceptor specific.
Effects of gate dielectrics and their solvents on characteristics of solution-processed N-channel polymer field-effect transistors (2012)

In this study, we investigated the effects of polymer gate dielectrics and their solvents on the characteristics of n-channel top-gate-structured organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that used poly{[N,N-9-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,59-(2,29-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) (ActivInk™ N2200). The characteristics of P(NDI2OD-T2)-based OFETs are strongly dependent on the chemical properties of the polymer gate dielectrics used and the morphology of the semiconductor–dielectric interface, which is dependent of the dielectric solvent used for dielectric-layer deposition. Both spin-coated and inkjet-printed P(NDI2OD-T2)-based FETs exhibited reasonably high values of field-effect mobility (μFET) at 0.1–0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 with poly(methyl methacrylate) as the gate dielectric and a number of carefully selected orthogonal solvents. The value of μFET decreased to 0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1 for a solvent with poor orthogonality (1,2-dichloroethane). This was due to the semiconductor–dielectric interface being rough owing to the dissolution and/or swelling of the underlying P(NDI2OD-T2) layer. In addition, the value of μFET decreased dramatically, to 0.005 cm2 V−1 s−1, with poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVP) as the dielectric material, dissolved in a perfectly orthogonal solvent (1-butanol). This was due to electron trapping by the hydroxyl groups in PVP.
A New Omics Data Resource of Pleurocybella porrigens for Gene Discovery (2013)

Functional analyses of unigenes present the existence of numerous novel genes in the basidiomycetes division. The results mean that the omics information such as genome, transcriptome and metabolome in basidiomycetes is short in the current databases. The large-scale omics information on P. porrigens, provided from this research, will give a new data resource for gene discovery in basidiomycetes.
MicroRNA Expression in Cancer (2022)

Overview In the last two decades, researchers have identified a new group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) classified according to their function and size. The best studied of these ncRNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length and play key roles in the regulation of a large number of biological processes and diseases, including cancer. Since the initial description of an association between miRNA and cancer in 2002, miRNAs have emerged as central regulators of processes fundamental to the initiation and progression of cancer. More recently, miRNAs have been detected in bodily fluids including blood, sputum, and urine, thus making them potential noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. The application of miRNAs in human cancer therapy represents one of the newest frontiers for cancer treatment and thus, the intense focus on investigation. However, our knowledge of these small molecules and their application to human cancers is still growing. In this article, we provide an overview of the connection between miRNAs and cancer with a focus on translation to human application.
Fidaxomicin as first line: What will it cost in the USA and Canada? (2021)

Abstract Importance Recent changes in the Infectious Diseases and Healthcare Epidemiology Societies of America (IDSA-SHEA) guidelines for managing Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) have placed fidaxomicin as first-line treatment. Objective To estimate the net cost of first line fidaxomicin compared to vancomycin in the American and Canadian healthcare systems and to estimate the price points at which fidaxomicin would become cost saving. In Canada, net costs were from the public payer perspective. In the US, costs were from a healthcare and payer perspective. Data sources We identified all randomized controlled trials comparing fidaxomicin with vancomycin through the 2021 IDSA-SHEA guideline update. Medication costs were obtained from internet prices (US) and the Quebec drug formulary (Canada). The average cost of a CDI recurrence was established through a systematic review for each country. Study selection For fidaxomicin efficacy, we included double-blind and placebo-controlled trials. For the systematic review of recurrence costs, studies were included if they were primary research articles, had a cost-analysis of CDI, included cases of recurrent CDI, and were calculated with cost parameters from American or Canadian healthcare systems. Studies were excluded if the population was solely pediatric or hospitalized. Data extraction and Synthesis For the efficacy meta-analysis, data was pooled using a restricted maximal likelihood random effects model. For the cost review, the mean cost across identified studies was adjusted to reflect July 2022 dollars. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was CDI recurrence at Day 40. The primary outcome of the systematic review was the average cost of a CDI recurrence in the American and Canadian healthcare systems. The objective was to estimate the net cost per recurrence prevented and the price point below which fidaxomicin would be cost saving to either the public payer (Canada) or the insurer (US). Results The estimated mean system cost of a CDI recurrence was $15147USD and $8806CAD, respectively. At current drug pricing, to prevent one recurrence by using first line fidaxomicin over vancomycin would cost $43904USD (95%CI $35123-$65856) and $13,760CAD (95%CI $11,008-$20,640), respectively. The likelihood of fidaxomicin offering cost savings varies by country, with a 95% probability of fidaxomicin being cost saving if priced below $1180USD or $860CAD respectively. Conclusions and Relevance An increased drug expenditure on fidaxomicin will not be offset through recurrence prevention unless the fidaxomicin price is negotiated.
Interleukin-6 (2012)

Autophagy reallocates nutrients and clears normal cells of damaged proteins and organelles. In the context of metastatic disease, invading cancer cells hijack autophagic processes to survive and adapt in the host microenvironment. We sought to understand how autophagy is regulated in the metastatic niche for prostate cancer (PCa) cells where bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) paracrine signaling induces PCa neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). In PCa, this transdifferentiation of metastatic PCa cells to neuronal-like cells correlates with advanced disease. Because autophagy provides a survival advantage for cancer cells and promotes cell differentiation, we hypothesized that autophagy mediates PCa NED in the bone. Thus, we determined the ability of paracrine factors in conditioned media (CM) from two separate BMSC subtypes, HS5 and HS27a, to induce autophagy in C4-2 and C4-2B bone metastatic PCa cells by characterizing the autophagy marker, LC3. Unlike HS27a CM, HS5 CM induced LC3 accumulation in PCa cells, suggesting autophagy was induced and indicating that HS5 and HS27a secrete a different milieu of paracrine factors that influence PCa autophagy. We identified interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine more highly expressed in HS5 cells than in HS27a cells, as a paracrine factor that regulates PCa autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activity did not attenuate LC3 accumulation, implying that IL-6 regulates NED and autophagy through different pathways. Finally, chloroquine inhibition of autophagic flux blocked PCa NED; hence autophagic flux maintains NED. Our studies imply that autophagy is cytoprotective for PCa cells in the bone, thus targeting autophagy is a potential therapeutic strategy.
State-of-the-art analytical methods for assessing dynamic bonding soft matter materials (2014)

Dynamic bonding materials are of high interest in a variety of fields in material science. The reversible nature of certain reaction classes is frequently employed for introducing key material properties such as the capability to self-heal. In addition to the synthetic effort required for designing such materials, their analysis is a highly complex - yet important - endeavor. Herein, we critically review the current state of the art analytical methods and their application in the context of reversible bonding on demand soft matter material characterization for an in-depth performance assessment. The main analytical focus lies on the characterization at the molecular level. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Antibiotics may impair hematopoietic recovery after cytotoxic myeloablation (2009)

status: Published
Moiré methods for the protection of documents and products: A short survey (2007)

Moiré effects have long been used for various applications in many different fields, including metrology, strain analysis, optical alignment, etc. In the present survey we describe some of the main applications of the moiré effect in the field of document and product security. We review the main families of moiré-based anticounterfeiting methods, compare them, and explain how they can be used for such security applications.
Control of electronic properties of 2D carbides (MXenes) by manipulating their transition metal layers (2016)

In this study, a transition from metallic to semiconducting-like behavior has been demonstrated in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides by replacing titanium with molybdenum in the outer transition metal (M) layers of M<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub> MXenes. The MXene structure consists of n + 1 layers of near-close packed M layers with C or N occupying the octahedral site between them in an [MX]<sub>n</sub>M arrangement. Recently, two new families of ordered 2D double transition metal carbides MXenes were discovered, M'<sub>2</sub>M''C<sub>2</sub> and M'<sub>2</sub>M''<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>- where M' and M'' are two different early transition metals, such as Mo, Cr, Ta, Nb, V, and Ti. The M' atoms only occupy the outer layers and the M'' atoms fill the middle layers. In other words, M' atomic layers sandwich the middle M''-C layers. Using X-ray atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis on Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub> and Mo<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub> MXenes, we present the first quantitative analysis of structures of these novel materials and experimentally confirm that Mo atoms are in the outer layers of the [MC]<sub>n</sub>M structures. The electronic properties of these Mo-containing MXenes are compared with their Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> counterparts, and are found to be no longer metallic-like conductors; instead the resistance increases mildly with decreasing temperatures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that OH terminated Mo-Ti MXenes are semiconductors with narrow band gaps. Measurements of the temperature dependencies of conductivities and magnetoresistances have confirmed that Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> exhibits semiconductor-like transport behavior, while Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> is a metal. This finding opens new avenues for the control of the electronic and optical applications of MXenes and for exploring new applications, in which semiconducting properties are required.
E‐Selectin Involvement in In Vitro Adhesion of Blood Dendritic Cells to Human Umbilical Cord Endothelial Cells (1993)

Peripheral blood dendritic cells (BDC) are potent antigen-presenting lymphoid cells. In the present study, we have examined the in vitro adhesion of BDC to human umbilical cord venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) and studied the expression of CD molecules and oligosaccharide haptens on BDC and endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that BDC were strongly positive for antibodies against HLA-DR, CD11c, CD18, CD44 and CD54, and moderately positive for anti-CD11a, CD31, CD43 and CD58. In addition, BDC were moderately positive for anti-Sialyl Lewis a and strongly positive for anti-Sialyl Lewis x and CD77 (Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc) Non-stimulated HUVEC were positive for anti-CD29, CD31 and CD77. An in vitro adhesion assay showed that only a small percentage of radiolabelled BDC bound to non-stimulated HUVEC (16.9 +/- 5.9%, mean +/- SD). Stimulation of the HUVEC with IL-1 for 4 h produced a significant increase (P < 0.002) in the percentage of radiolabelled BDC that bound to HUVEC (42.3 +/- 7.1%). Preincubation of HUVEC with antibodies against E-selectin (10 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited (P < 0.02) the binding of radiolabelled BDC to activated HUVEC (32.2 +/- 1.3%) whereas preincubation of BDC with antibodies against CD54, CD18, CD11b, CD11c and Sialyl Lewis x did not produce any significant inhibition. Preincubation of BDC with Sialyl Lewis a antibody and with isotype-matched control antibodies did not affect the increased binding of BDC to IL-1-activated HUVEC. Thus, E-selectin seems to be involved in adhesion of BDC to IL-1-stimulated HUVEC.
Reversible dehydrogenation of a heterobimetallic polyhydride compound (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible dehydrogenation of a heterobimetallic polyhydride compoundJason T. Poulton, Kirsten Folting, and Kenneth G. CaultonCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 3, 1364–1372Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00039a047https://doi.org/10.1021/om00039a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evidence That Dopamine Acts via Kisspeptin to Hold GnRH Pulse Frequency in Check in Anestrous Ewes (2012)

Recent work has implicated stimulatory kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) as important for seasonal changes in reproductive function in sheep, but earlier studies support a role for inhibitory A15 dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the suppression of GnRH (and LH) pulse frequency in the nonbreeding (anestrous) season. Because A15 neurons project to the ARC, we performed three experiments to test the hypothesis that A15 neurons act via ARC kisspeptin neurons to inhibit LH in anestrus: 1) we used dual immunocytochemistry to determine whether these ARC neurons contain D2 dopamine receptor (D2-R), the receptor responsible for inhibition of LH in anestrus; 2) we tested the ability of local administration of sulpiride, a D2-R antagonist, into the ARC to increase LH secretion in anestrus; and 3) we determined whether an antagonist to the kisspeptin receptor could block the increase in LH secretion induced by sulpiride in anestrus. In experiment 1, 40% of this ARC neuronal subpopulation contained D2-R in breeding season ewes, but this increased to approximately 80% in anestrus. In experiment 2, local microinjection of the two highest doses (10 and 50 nmol) of sulpiride into the ARC significantly increased LH pulse frequency to levels 3 times that seen with vehicle injections. Finally, intracerebroventricular infusion of a kisspeptin receptor antagonist completely blocked the increase in LH pulse frequency induced by systemic administration of sulpiride to anestrous ewes. These results support the hypothesis that DA acts to inhibit GnRH (and LH) secretion in anestrus by suppressing the activity of ARC kisspeptin neurons.