gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Power System Partitioning on the Efficiency of Distributed Multi-Step Optimization (2016)

Recent studies have shown that multi-step optimization based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) can effectively coordinate the increasing number of distributed renewable energy and storage resources in the power system. However, the computation complexity of MPC is usually high which limits its use in practical implementation. To improve the efficiency of MPC, in this paper, we apply a distributed optimization method to MPC. The approach consists of a partitioning technique based on spectral clustering that determines the best system partition and an improved Optimality Condition Decomposition method that solves the optimization problem in a distributed manner. Results of simulations conducted on the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus systems show that the distributed MPC problem can be solved significantly faster by using a good partition of the system and this partition is applicable to multiple time steps without frequent changes.
Semi‐xenotransplantation: the regenerative medicine‐based approach to immunosuppression‐free transplantation and to meet the organ demand (2014)

Although xenografts have always held immeasurable potential as an inexhaustible source of donor organs, immunological barriers and physiological incompatibility have proved to be formidable obstacles to clinical utility. An exciting, new regenerative medicine-based approach termed "semi-xenotransplantation" (SX) seeks to overcome these obstacles by combining the availability and reproducibility of animal organs with the biocompatibility and functionality of human allografts. Compared to conventional xenotransplantation wherein the whole organ is animal-derived, SX grafts are cleansed of their antigenic cellular compartment to produce whole-organ extracellular matrix scaffolds that retain their innate structure and vascular channels. These scaffolds are then repopulated with recipient or donor human stem cells to generate biocompatible semi-xenografts with the structure and function of native human organs. While numerous hurdles must be still overcome in order for SX to become a viable treatment option for end-stage organ failure, the immense potential of SX for meeting the urgent needs for a new source of organs and immunosuppression-free transplantation justifies the interest that the transplant community is committing to the field.
Association of HPV genotypes with external anogenital warts: a cross sectional study (2019)

This study shows that oncogenic HPV types are detected in around 35% of patients with genital warts, and are prevalent in warts of one to six months duration.
Angle-Domain Approach for Parameter Estimation in High-Mobility OFDM with Fully/Partly Calibrated Massive ULA (2018)

In this paper, we consider a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system from a base station to a high-speed train (HST) equipped with fully/partly calibrated massive uniform linear antenna-array (ULA) in wireless environments with abundant scatterers. Multiple Doppler frequency offsets (DFOs) stemming from intensive propagation paths together with transceiver oscillator frequency offset (OFO) result in a fast time-varying frequency-selective channel. We develop an angle domain carrier frequency offset (CFO, general designation for DFO and OFO) estimation approach. A high-resolution beamforming network is designed to separate different DFOs into a set of parallel branches in angle domain such that each branch is mainly affected by a single dominant DFO. Then, a joint estimation algorithm for both maximum DFO and OFO is developed for fully calibrated ULA. Next, its estimation mean square error (MSE) performance is analyzed under inter-subarray mismatches. To mitigate the detrimental effects of inter-subarray mismatches, we introduce a calibration-oriented beamforming parameter (COBP) and develop the corresponding modified joint estimation algorithm for partly calibrated ULA. Moreover, the Cramer-Rao lower bound of CFO estimation is derived. Both theoretical and numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed method.
Effect of variable storage times on the calculation of diffusion coefficients characterizing small molecule migration in polymers (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of variable storage times on the calculation of diffusion coefficients characterizing small molecule migration in polymersJohn L. Ayres, James L. Osborne, Harold B. Hopfenberg, and William J. KorosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 1, 86–89Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/i300009a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (502 KB) Get e-Alerts
<title>Polarization ray tracing in anisotropic optically active media</title> (1992)

Procedures for performing polarization ray tracing through birefringent media are presented in a form compatible with the standard methods of geometric ray tracing. The birefringent materials treated include the following: anisotropic optically active materials such as quartz, non-optically active uniaxial materials such as calcite, and isotropic optically active materials such as mercury sulfide or organic liquids. Refraction and reflection algorithms are presented which compute both ray directions and wave directions. Methods for computing polarization modes, refractive indices, optical path lengths, and Fresnel transmission and reflection coefficients are also specified.
Direct Fungal Production of Ethanol from High-Solids Pulps by the Ethanol-fermenting White-rot Fungus Phlebia sp. MG-60 (2014)

Based on traditional kinetic models of the gasification process of char, a new modified random pore model (MRP) was proposed. This model can be reduced to a traditional volume model (VM), an unreacted shrinking core model (URCM), a hybrid model (HM), and a random pore model (RPM) by varying the model parameters. Furthermore, not only is the relationship between the reaction rate and conversion rate well described by MRP, as it is in other models, but the position of the maximum reaction rate is also described, which is out of the application range of other traditional models. MRP was validated by gasification of different kinds of chars under different experimental conditions, such as in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, in the presence of water vapor, or with the addition of catalyst. The char gasification process under various conditions could be simulated by MRP with better fitting results than the traditional RPM.
Parallel Evolution of Enhanced Biofilm Formation and Phage-Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Adaptation Process in Spatially Heterogeneous Environments (2021)

An opportunistic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> has a versatile phenotype and high evolutionary potential to adapt to various natural habitats. As the organism normally lives in spatially heterogeneous and polymicrobial environments from open fields to the inside of hosts, adaptation to abiotic (spatial heterogeneity) and biotic factors (interspecies interactions) is a key process to proliferate. However, our knowledge about the adaptation process of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in spatially heterogeneous environments associated with other species is limited. We show herein that the evolutionary dynamics of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 in spatially heterogeneous environments with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> known to coexist in vivo is dictated by two distinct core evolutionary trajectories: (i) the increase of biofilm formation and (ii) the resistance to infection by a filamentous phage which is retained in the PAO1 genome. Hyperbiofilm and/or pili-deficient phage-resistant variants were frequently selected in the laboratory evolution experiment, indicating that these are key adaptive traits under spatially structured conditions. On the other hand, the presence of <i>S. aureus</i> had only a marginal effect on the emergence and maintenance of these variants. These results show key adaptive traits of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and indicate the strong selection pressure conferred by spatial heterogeneity, which might overwhelm the effect of interspecies interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Convenient Preparation of (E)‐3‐(1‐Cyclohexenyl)‐2‐propenoic Acid Using a Palladium(II) Complex‐Catalyzed Olefination. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simplified method of identifying severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice versus non-SCID mice by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood (1998)

Several studies have utilized simple breeding strategies to create new immunodeficient mouse strains from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and non-SCID mice with secondary traits in order to evaluate the involvement of lymphocytes and immune responses in a variety of processes. We utilized a breeding strategy with C.B-17scid/scid (SCID) (H-2d) mice and SJL (H-2s) mice to generate immunodeficient mice that were histocompatible with the inbred SJL strain (H-2s) in order to evaluate the role of histocompatible recipient lymphocytes in adoptively transferred autoimmune disease mediated by SJL T lymphocytes. [SCID x SJL]F1 mice (heterozygous for H-2 loci and heterozygous for the SCID mutation) were backcrossed with SCID mice and the resulting offspring expressed a variety of phenotypes, including SCID or non-SCID and H-2s/H-2d or H-2d/H-2d. In order to screen offspring for the desired phenotype (SCID, H-2s), a flow cytometric method utilizing forward- and side-scatter parameters of peripheral blood cells was used to distinguish SCID from non-SCID animals. This method simplified the screening process and was as reliable as anti-CD3 fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining for detecting the presence (non-SCID) or absence (SCID) of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood.
Human Skin-Cell-Based Sensor for Environmental Arsenic Detection and for Creating Social Awareness (2022)

Arsenic (As) toxicity is a significant threat to global public health. Moreover, the lacks of social awareness and understanding of the impact of As in affected communities are also of concern. Therefore, subppm level detection of As in environmental waters and associated public awareness are crucial for remediation programs. We developed a sustainable As sensing methodology by merging the fundamental concepts of As cytotoxicity with an alternative approach for selectivity. A cellular platform was prepared on an electrospun scaffold using As-sensitive keratinocyte cells. Arsenic-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using a fluorimetric probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, commonly used to detect oxidative stress within cells. Experiments were conducted with a mixture of arsenite and arsenate, the predominant forms of As present in natural conditions, in a 1:1 ratio. We also quantified unknown As concentrations in real water samples. The selectivity to As was achieved by exposing the contaminated water composed of several ions to an As adsorbing material, namely, confined metastable 2-line ferrihydrite (CM2LF). An adsorption–desorption protocol enabled As extraction in field conditions. The ROS resulting from cells’ responses to the As extract were used as the signature of As concentration. The sensor could precisely quantify even 5 ppb of As in tap water, and the theoretical limit of detection (LOD) was 2.7 ppb. A sustainable device using the cellular platform is proposed for As detection in field conditions that can also be used for social awareness, demonstrating the impact of As on human biology in affected regions.
Alien domains shaped the modular structure of plant NLR proteins (2019)

Plant innate immunity mostly relies on nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) intracellular receptors to detect pathogen-derived molecules and to induce defense responses. A multitaxa reconstruction of NB-domain associations allowed us to identify the first NB-LRR arrangement in the Chlorophyta division of the Viridiplantae. Our analysis points out that the basic NOD-like receptor (NLR) unit emerged in Chlorophytes by horizontal transfer and its diversification started from Toll/interleukin receptor-NB-LRR members. The operon-based genomic structure of Chromochloris zofingiensis NLR copies suggests a functional origin of NLR clusters. Moreover, the transmembrane signatures of NLR proteins in the unicellular alga C. zofingiensis support the hypothesis that the NLR-based immunity system of plants derives from a cell-surface surveillance system. Taken together, our findings suggest that NLRs originated in unicellular algae and may have a common origin with cell-surface LRR receptors.
A Novel Capacitive Coupler Array With Free-Positioning Feature for Mobile Tablet Applications (2018)

This letter proposes a novel capacitive coupler array with free-positioning feature for mobile tablet applications. The capacitive coupler consists of three printed circuit boards, two of which constitute the transmitter and the third one is the receiver. The coupler is vertically arranged to make the charging system compact and feasible for mobile tablet applications. By applying a repetitive structure on the transmitter side and properly designing the receiver, free-positioning capacitive charging is realized and the coil-to-coil charging efficiency is not affected by the variation of the receiver position. Only two series inductances are utilized for compensation purposes, which makes the system more compact and easy to be fabricated. This proposed capacitive coupler is studied via finite-element analysis and verified by the experimental results at 1, 2.17, and 3.45 MHz.
Measurement of Transfer Matrices and Source Terms of Premixed Flames (2002)

Abstract An experimental method to determine the thermoacoustic properties of a gas turbine combustor using a lean-premixed low emission swirl stabilized burner is presented. To model thermoacoustic oscillations, a combustion system can be described as a network of acoustic elements, representing for example fuel and air supply, burner and flame, combustor, cooling channels, suitable terminations, etc. For most of these elements, simple analytical models provide an adequate description of their thermoacoustic properties. However, the complex response of burner and flame (involving a three-dimensional flow field, recirculation zones, flow instabilities, and heat release) to acoustic perturbations has—at least in a first step—to be determined by experiment. In our approach, we describe the burner as an active acoustical two-port, where the state variables pressure and velocity at the inlet and the outlet of the two port are coupled via a four element transfer matrix. This approach is similar to the “black box” theory in communication engineering. To determine all four transfer matrix coefficients, two test states, which are independent in the state vectors, have to be created. This is achieved by using acoustic excitation by loudspeakers upstream and downstream of the burner, respectively. In addition, the burner might act as an acoustic source, emitting acoustic waves due to an unsteady combustion process. The source characteristics were determined by using a third test state, which again must be independent from the two other state vectors. In application to a full size gas turbine burner, the method’s accuracy was tested in a first step without combustion and the results were compared to an analytical model for the burner’s acoustic properties. Then the method was used to determine the burner transfer matrix with combustion. An experimental swirl stabilized premixed gas turbine burner was used for this purpose. The treatment of burners as acoustic two-ports with feedback including a source term and the experimental determination of the burner transfer matrix is novel.
Global approach for transient shear wave inversion based on the adjoint method: a comprehensive 2D simulation study (2013)

Shear wave imaging (SWI) maps soft tissue elasticity by measuring shear wave propagation with ultrafast ultrasound acquisitions (10 000 frames s(-1)). This spatiotemporal data can be used as an input for an inverse problem that determines a shear modulus map. Common inversion methods are local: the shear modulus at each point is calculated based on the values of its neighbour (e.g. time-of-flight, wave equation inversion). However, these approaches are sensitive to the information loss such as noise or the lack of the backscattered signal. In this paper, we evaluate the benefits of a global approach for elasticity inversion using a least-squares formulation, which is derived from full waveform inversion in geophysics known as the adjoint method. We simulate an acoustic waveform in a medium with a soft and a hard lesion. For this initial application, full elastic propagation and viscosity are ignored. We demonstrate that the reconstruction of the shear modulus map is robust with a non-uniform background or in the presence of noise with regularization. Compared to regular local inversions, the global approach leads to an increase of contrast (∼+3 dB) and a decrease of the quantification error (∼+2%). We demonstrate that the inversion is reliable in the case when there is no signal measured within the inclusions like hypoechoic lesions which could have an impact on medical diagnosis.
ChemInform Abstract: α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Cyanide Synthesis via Triethylamine‐Catalyzed Redox Cyanation. (2011)

Abstract The optimized conditions render possible a stereoselective preparation of the highly reactive target compounds.
Optimization of photonic crystal nanocavities based on deep learning (2018)

An approach to optimizing the Q factors of two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC) nanocavities based on deep learning is hereby proposed and demonstrated. We prepare a data set consisting of 1000 nanocavities generated by randomly displacing the positions of many air holes in a base nanocavity and calculate their Q factors using a first-principles method. We train a four-layer neural network including a convolutional layer to recognize the relationship between the air holes' displacements and the Q factors using the prepared data set. After the training, the neural network is able to estimate the Q factors from the air holes' displacements with an error of 13% in standard deviation. Crucially, the trained neural network can estimate the gradient of the Q factor with respect to the air holes' displacements very quickly using back-propagation. A nanocavity structure with an extremely high Q factor of 1.58 × 10<sup>9</sup> was successfully obtained by optimizing the positions of 50 holes over ~10<sup>6</sup> iterations, taking advantage of the very fast evaluation of the gradient in high-dimensional parameter spaces. The obtained Q factor is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the base cavity and more than twice that of the highest Q factors reported so far for cavities with similar modal volumes. This approach can optimize 2D-PC structures over a parameter space of a size unfeasibly large for previous optimization methods that were based solely on direct calculations. We believe that this approach is also useful for improving other optical characteristics.
Capacity Gain of Mixed Multicast/Unicast Transport Schemes in a TV Distribution Network (2009)

This paper presents three approaches to estimate the required resources in an infrastructure where digital TV channels can be delivered in unicast or multicast (broadcast) mode. Such situations arise for example in Cable TV, IPTV distribution networks or in (future) hybrid mobile TV networks. The three approaches presented are an exact calculation, a Gaussian approximation and a simulation tool. We investigate two scenarios that allow saving bandwidth resources. In a static scenario, the most popular channels are multicast and the less popular channels rely on unicast. In a dynamic scenario, the list of multicast channels is dynamic and governed by the users' behavior. We prove that the dynamic scenario always outperforms the static scenario. We demonstrate the robustness, versatility and the limits of our three approaches. The exact calculation application is limited because it is computationally expensive for cases with large numbers of users and channels, while the Gaussian approximation is good exactly for such systems. The simulation tool takes long to yield results for small blocking probabilities. We explore the capacity gain regions under varying model parameters. Finally, we illustrate our methods by discussing some realistic network scenarios using channel popularities based on measurement data as much as possible.
CD Antigens 2001: Aims and Results of HLDA Workshops (2001)

HLDA6, held in Kobe, Japan in 1996, that the technique of detecting molecular
Long-term predictive value of the Framingham Risk Score for Stroke in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men (2013)

FRS-S prediction was systematically different in HIV+ vs HIV- men with stroke events. The FRS-S underestimates the long-term risk of stroke in HIV+ men.
Postoperation Dose Rate Estimates for the Very-Small, Long-Life, Modular Reactor (2019)

Abstract The very-small, long-life, modular (VSLLIM) nuclear reactor generates 1.0–10 MWth, for ∼92 and 5.8 full power years (FPY), respectively, without refueling. This factory fabricated, assembled, and sealed reactor is cooled by natural circulation of in-vessel liquid sodium (Na). It offers redundant control and passive operation and decay heat removal features. The VSLLIM reactor, together with other plant components for generating electricity using open Brayton cycle, is deployable on a portable platform. Alternatively, multiple units could be installed at a site and use high thermal efficiency Rankine or supercritical CO2 cycles for electricity generation. Extensive analyses are performed to estimate postoperation external biological dose rate and the storage time required on-site for this dose rate to decrease to or below the U.S. federal transportation limit (0.2 rem/h or 2 mSv/h) for safe handling, removal, and replacement with a new unit loaded with fresh fuel. Results show that gamma photons emission from the uranium nitride (UN) fuel and the activated HT-9 steel cladding for the UN fuel rods, the core structure, and the reactor primary vessel, is a major contributor to the radiological source term, and the external biological dose rate estimates. After operating at 10 MWth for 5.8 FPY, using 6 cm thick lead shielding of the reactor guard vessel, decreases the postoperation external biological dose rate to be in compliance with the federal limit, only after∼ 103 days of postoperation on-site storage.