gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of canine partial limb amputation with socket prostheses (2023)

PLASP allowed restoration of quadrupedal gait patterns in most patients. Owners reported overall positive satisfaction, though a high complication rate was observed. PLASP should be considered in select cases as an alternative to total limb amputation for dogs with distal limb pathology.
Dynamic construction and refinement of utility-based categorization models (1994)

The actions taken by an automated decision-making agent can be enhanced by including mechanisms that enable the agent to categorize concepts effectively. We pose a utility-based approach to categorization based on the idea that categorization should be carried out in the service of action. The choice of concepts is critical in the effective selection of actions under resource constraints. We propose a decision-theoretic framework for categorization which involves reasoning about alternative categorization models consisting of sets of interrelated concepts at varying levels of abstraction. Categorization models that are too abstract may overlook details that are critical for selecting the most appropriate actions. Categorization models that are too detailed, however, may be too expensive to process and may contain irrelevant information. Categorization models are therefore evaluated on the basis of the expected value of their recommended action, taking into account the resource cost of their evaluation. A knowledge representation scheme, known as probabilistic conceptual networks, has been developed to support the dynamic construction of models at varying levels of abstraction. This scheme combines the formalisms of influence diagrams from decision analysis and inheritance/abstraction hierarchies from AI. We also propose an incremental approach to categorical reasoning. By applying decision-theoretic control of model refinement, a resource-constrained actor iteratively decides between continuing to improve the current level of abstraction in the model, or to act immediately.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract A072: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York (2020)

Abstract Background and aims Advances in sequencing technologies have revolutionized our approaches in medicine. However, our current knowledge about the molecular attributes of cancer has primarily been derived from patients of European descent. The overall aim of Polyethnic-1000 is to bring genomic innovation to under-represented ethnic groups in the diverse patient population of New York City. Methods and results A dynamic research platform is being created, involving the New York Genome Center and academic centers and partnering hospitals in the New York City region. In a first, retrospective stage, the infra-structure, sample workflow, analysis and data sharing within the consortium has been developed and whole exome and RNA sequencing has been performed on 100 samples from self-identified non-white cancer patients treated at 14 different centers. Data from over 24 tumor types were shared with our collaborators and the somatic variants were made available through our in-house instance of cBioPortal. The knowledge gained during this stage is used to design a prospective study with formation of cohorts of interest for particular cancer types and particular ethnicities, with uniform consent allowing germline and somatic sequencing with broad data sharing of the somatic variants identified. Conclusion By establishing a collaborative network, Polyethnic-1000 will deepen our understanding of the contributions that ethnicities make to the incidence and biology of cancers, potentially improving outcomes for patients who currently lack access to the most recent advances in medical science. Citation Format: Benjamin Hubert, Fieke Froeling, Kanika Arora, Tim Chu, Nicolas Robine, Michael Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A072.
Augmenting Boundary-Scan Tests for Enhanced Defect Coverage (2008)

Strict analyses of boundary-scan test coverage performed on real-world printed circuit board topologies reveal significant holes in test coverage. Rather than abandon boundary-scan, it is preferable to augment boundary-scan test with other technologies that improve the overall ability to detect defects.
Award Lecture LightCycler Technology in Molecular Diagnostics (2009)

LightCycler technology combines rapid-cycle polymerase chain reaction with real-time fluorescent monitoring and melting curve analysis. Since its introduction in 1997, it is now used in many areas of molecular pathology, including oncology (solid tumors and hematopathology), inherited disease, and infectious disease. By monitoring product accumulation during rapid amplification, quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a closed-tube system is possible in 15 to 30 minutes. Furthermore, melting curve analysis of probes and/or amplicons provides genotyping and even haplotyping. Novel mutations are identified by unexpected melting temperature or curve shape changes. Melting probe designs include adjacent hybridization probes, single labeled probes, unlabeled probes, and snapback primers. High-resolution melting allows mutation scanning by detecting all heterozygous changes. This review describes the major advances throughout the last 15 years regarding LightCycler technology and its application in clinical laboratories. (J Mol Diagn 2009, 11:93–101; DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080094)
Molecular genetics of human prostate cancer (1997)

The rate of discovery of new prostate cancer-associated genes is increasing and will help us to understand, and hopefully soon to intervene, in the multi-step cancer development and progression process. This review will focus on two areas of prostate cancer research where remarkable progress has recently been made: genetic predisposition to prostate cancer and the molecular mechanisms underlying progression of prostate cancer from an androgen-dependent to a hormone-refractory state. The first genes and genetic defects predisposing to prostate cancer were recently discovered and include mutations in genes conferring a very high risk for cancer (the hereditary prostate cancer-1 mapped to 1q24), as well as common allelic variants of genes (androgen receptor, vitamin D receptor and 5-a reductase genes) which, in concert with environmental risk factors, may modify the risk of developing prostate cancer. Also, a large variety of possible molecular mechanisms for tumour progression following androgen deprivation therapy have been discovered. Blockade of the apoptotic process, mutations and amplifications of the androgen receptor gene as well as activation of alternative androgen-independent growth factor pathways represent the most important events that may underlie development of resistance to endocrine therapy.
Development of design and simulation model and safety study of large-scale hydrogen production using nuclear power. (2007)

Before this LDRD research, no single tool could simulate a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) that is coupled to a secondary system and the sulfur iodine (SI) thermochemistry. Furthermore, the SI chemistry could only be modeled in steady state, typically via flow sheets. Additionally, the MELCOR nuclear reactor analysis code was suitable only for the modeling of light water reactors, not gas-cooled reactors. We extended MELCOR in order to address the above deficiencies. In particular, we developed three VHTR input models, added generalized, modular secondary system components, developed reactor point kinetics, included transient thermochemistry for the most important cycles [SI and the Westinghouse hybrid sulfur], and developed an interactive graphical user interface for full plant visualization. The new tool is called MELCOR-H2, and it allows users to maximize hydrogen and electrical production, as well as enhance overall plant safety. We conducted validation and verification studies on the key models, and showed that the MELCOR-H2 results typically compared to within less than 5% from experimental data, code-to-code comparisons, and/or analytical solutions.
Using provider perspectives to understand what makes obesity and diabetes prevention programs for children living in a First Nations Community in Northern Ontario effective (2018)

Diabetes is a disease that is highly prevalent in Indigenous communities at rates that exceed the&#13;\ngeneral population by up to four times. This research will explore the efficacy of an obesity and&#13;\ndiabetes screening and prevention program for children and youth that was self-initiated in a&#13;\nFirst Nations community. Eight staff employed at the health and wellness centre were&#13;\ninterviewed using semi structured interviews. It was found that the program experienced much&#13;\nsuccess over the years due in part to the use of incentives, culturally appropriate programming&#13;\nand dedicated staff. The program’s growth over the years led staff to conclude that time and&#13;\nhuman resources were major limitations to the program. This research highlights key areas that&#13;\nshould be addressed when implementing a program and provides valuable insight for other&#13;\ncommunities wanting to implement a program like this.
All-trans retinoic acid deficiency contributes to the excessive proinflammatory response observed in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (2011)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling of Co/Ru and permalloy/Ru multilayers investigated by Brillouin light scattering (abstract) (1993)

Recently the interlayer exchange coupling strength in Co/Ru multilayered structures was found to oscillate between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling as a function of the Ru layer thickness.1,2 However, in the ferromagnetic coupling regimes, the determination of the interlayer coupling constant, A12, cannot be performed using standard magnetometry methods. Here we demonstrate that Brillouin light scattering from thermally activated spin waves in multilayered structures is applicable for the determination of the interlayer exchange coupling strength both in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regimes.2 In multilayered structures consisting of alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic layers, dipolar spin-wave modes exist within each magnetic layer (so-called Damon–Eshbach modes), which couple across the intervening nonmagnetic layer. Due to the coupling between the magnetic layers, which is dipolar as well as of exchange type, the spin-wave modes form a band of collective spin-wave excitations.3–5 Two different types of collective modes exist: (i) The so-called stack surface mode, for which the spins of all magnetic layers precess in phase. The frequency of this mode is independent of any exchange coupling, but is sensitive to the net magnetization of the multilayer stack. (ii) The collective bulk modes. Their frequencies depend both on the interlayer exchange constant as well as on the layer-to-layer distribution of the directions of the magnetization.6,7 In addition, in the regime of large antiferromagnetic coupling, a new collective spin-wave mode is found in theoretical investigations, which is reminiscent of the ‘‘optic’’ high-frequency spin-wave mode of antiferromagnetic bulk material.6,7 This mode goes soft with decreasing canting angle between neighboring magnetic layers. The spin-wave frequencies, and therefore A12, are found to oscillate as a function of the Ru layer thickness in the Co/Ru multilayers with a period of 11.5 Å and in the permalloy/Ru multilayered system with a period of 12 Å. In comparison to the Co/Ru multilayers we find for the permalloy/Ru multilayers characteristic differences: First, the amplitude of the oscillation is smaller by a factor of two compared to the Co/Ru system. This effect may be attributed to the reduced saturation magnetization of permalloy. Second, we find evidence for an additional, short-period oscillation with the first minimum in the spin-wave frequencies, i.e., correspondingly in A12, at dRu=8 Å. Its periodicity is estimated as between 5–8 Å. To our knowledge this is first evidence for the presence of a short-period oscillation in a sputtered multilayered system. From the data, however, the decay in oscillation amplitude cannot be extracted due to the rather small number of observed oscillations and the comparably large error in the determination of A12. A more detailed presentation of these data is reported elsewhere.8
A study on the UWB antenna with band-rejection characteristic (2004)

This paper proposes a novel ultra-wideband antenna that has the omni-directional pattern in azimuth and the band-rejection characteristic of the 5.15/spl sim/5.825 GHz band limited by IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. The proposed antenna is the circular monopole type with two slits and fed by a CPW line, and it satisfies the UWB band, 3.1/spl sim/10.6 GHz for VSWR < 2.
A Weighted Least Squares Approach to Precoding With Pilots for MIMO-OFDM (2006)

Next-generation wireless systems are expected to leverage multiple-antenna, commonly called multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), technology transmitting over broadband channels via orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). It is now well known that MIMO systems can obtain error rate and capacity improvements by adapting the transmitter to the current channel conditions. Linear spatial precoding is a popular technique for channel adaptation where the transmitted space-time signal for each subcarrier is multiplied by a precoding matrix before transmission. Spatial precoding is complicated, however, in OFDM because channel information is often only known for a small number of pilot tones. In this correspondence, we present a subspace interpolation method for designing spatial precoders for all subcarriers by using the precoders known on pilot tones. The nonpilot precoders are solutions to a weighted least-squares design on the Grassmann manifold. Simulation results show performance benefits over existing MIMO-OFDM techniques
Direct Conversion of Titanium Alkoxide into Crystallized TiO2 (rutile) Using Coating Photolysis Process with ArF Excimer Laser (1999)

TiO 2 (rutile) films have been successfully prepared by the coating photolysis process using ArF excimer laser irradiation at room temperature. The choice of the Ti-alkoxide type as the starting material and the effects of atmosphere on the product films have been studied by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When using Ti(O-i-C 3 H 7 ) 4 as the starting material, rutile films were obtained by the irradiation in a dry N 2 atmosphere, whereas amorphous films were obtained by irradiation in air. When using Ti(OCH 2 CH(C 2 H 5 )-n-C 4 H 9 ) 4 as a starting material, rutile films were obtained by the irradiation even in the air atmosphere. Crystallization mechanism is also discussed.
Tuning single-photon sources for telecom multi-photon experiments (2018)

Multi-photon state generation is of great interest for near-future quantum simulation and quantum computation experiments. To-date spontaneous parametric down-conversion is still the most promising process, even though two major impediments still exist: accidental photon noise (caused by the probabilistic non-linear process) and imperfect single-photon purity (arising from spectral entanglement between the photon pairs). In this work, we overcome both of these difficulties by (1) exploiting a passive temporal multiplexing scheme and (2) carefully optimizing the spectral properties of the down-converted photons using periodically-poled KTP crystals. We construct two down-conversion sources in the telecom wavelength regime, finding spectral purities of > 91%, while maintaining high four-photon count rates. We use single-photon grating spectrometers together with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to perform a detailed characterization of our multi-photon source. Our methods provide practical solutions to produce high-quality multi-photon states, which are in demand for many quantum photonics applications.
Overlapping post-seismic deformation processes: afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation following the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku (Japan) earthquake (2013)

Author: Diao, Faqi et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Finally published : 2014; Open Access; Title: Overlapping post-seismic deformation processes: afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation following the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku (Japan) earthquake
Feasibility study on the use of thiosulfate to remediate mercury-contaminated soil (2017)

The feasibility of using sodium thiosulfate to remediate the mercury-contaminated soil around a local chemical plant in northeastern China has been investigated. Effects of solid-to-reagent ratio and temperature on mercury extraction from soil samples with thiosulfate solutions were examined. BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) analysis indicated that more than 90% of weak acid soluble and reducible mercury in the soil sample could be extracted by thiosulfate solution. Mercury extraction kinetics can be described by the two-step first-order reaction model in which the readily extractable fraction and the less extractable fraction of mercury were associated with their own rate constants. Mercury extraction with thiosulfate solutions could be slightly promoted when the contaminated soil was pre-oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. The results suggest that thiosulfate is a potentially effective complexing lixiviant in mercury-contaminated soil remediation.
The HIV-1 clade C promoter is particularly well adapted to replication in the gut in primary infection (2006)

These data show that the GALT cytokine network may well favour HIV-1 clade C replication during primary infection. This could result in enhanced transmission.
Linear dimerisation of but-1-ene in biphasic mode using buffered chloroaluminate ionic liquid solvents (1999)

The use of a buffered ionic liquid as a solvent for catalysts known to produce linear dimers from but-1-ene has been explored; this resulted in a significant enhancement of the activity of known catalysts, combined with the retention of both dimer selectivity and product linearity; in addition, the biphasic mode of operation allows easy catalyst recovery and recycle.
A new, practical access to amidyl radicals (2004)

Amidyl radicals are readily generated from N-allylsulfonimides by the action of a xanthate and a small amount of a peroxide as initiator. The process involves extrusion of sulfur dioxide from an N-amidosulfonyl radical by rupture of the nitrogen-sulfur bond; in some cases, the N-amidosulfonyl radical is prematurely captured by the internal olefinic trap.
Quasi-epitaxial Growth of [Ru(bpy)3]2+by Confinement in Clay Nanoplatelets Yields Polarized Emission (2014)

A nano confinement strategy is presented to control the spatial orientation and emission polarization of phosphorescent metal complexes. Through nano-confinement of the phosphorescent metal complex [Ru(bpy)3 ](2+) by attaching it to anionic clay nanoplatelets, it is possible to simultaneously lock the spatial orientation of the complex and fix its emission polarization. This quasi-epitaxial approach may provide a future work strategy directed at light emitting diodes and lasers.
Femtocell Coverage Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm (2011)

Deploying a number of femtocells to jointly provide coverage in an enterprise environment raises critical challenges especially in future self-organizing networks which rely on plug-and-play fashions. This paper presents a technique based on the genetic algorithm for a centralized self-optimizing network containing a group of femtocells. Depending on a multi-objective function for optimizing the coverage, the algorithm leads to a dynamic update of the pilot powers of the group of femtocells. The results show the ability of the algorithm to effectively optimize the coverage according to the global traffic distribution and the levels of interference between neighboring femtocells.
Novel active ester‐bridged copolynorbornene materials containing terminal functional hydroxyl, amino, methacryloyl, or ammonium groups via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (2005)

Abstract Several random and block copolynorbornenes with side chains containing terminal hydroxyl, amino, methacryloyl or ammonium groups were derived from the functional alkyl ester‐containing norbornenes by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The main chain of ROMP‐type polynorbornene had a more important role for glass‐transition temperature in comparison with vinyl addition polymerization. There is little effect on glass‐transition temperature (about −39 °C) of polynorbornenes with different length of alkyl side chain. The organosoluble copolynorbornenes with active crosslinkable methylacryloyl side chains derived from functional hydroxyl group were prepared to improve the thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) [decomposition temperature ( T d ) 10% = 325 °C in nitrogen] by forming networked AB crosslinked polymer ( T = 367 °C in nitrogen). The sizes of nanometer‐scale polymeric micelles of block copolymers having hydrophobic alkyl ester and hydrophilic ammonium groups were measured in the range of 11–25 nm by scanning electron microscopy. These polymeric materials with various functional groups or amphiphilic architectures are accessible by ROMP, whose topology makes them particularly attractive for application potential such as biomedical and photoelectric materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4233–4247, 2005
Investigations into the Natural Occurrence of 1-Phenylethyl Acetate (Styrallyl Acetate) (2020)

So far, the occurrence of the flavor constituent 1-phenylethyl acetate in a natural source has not been unambiguously confirmed. The present work provides the detailed identification of 1-phenylethyl acetate from clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) buds. In addition, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed further occurrence of 1-phenylethyl acetate in cocoa pulp and grape hyacinth flowers. A total of 15.2 g of essential oil was recovered from 7.2 kg of clove buds by simultaneous distillation-extraction followed by vacuum distillation. The distillate obtained was fractionated by silica column chromatography, whereby a significant enrichment of 1-phenylethyl acetate was achieved. The fraction containing the target analyte was further purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in a final purity of ∼93.0%, yielding a total of 1 to 2 mg of 1-phenylethyl acetate. Identification of the isolated compound was achieved by GC/MS, infrared spectroscopy, enantioselective GC, isotope ratio MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Enantioselective GC/MS analysis revealed an enantiomeric excess of 60% (1<i>S</i>)-(-)-1-phenylethyl acetate in the isolate. The δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>V-PDB</sub> value of -32.5 ± 0.5‰ was in accordance with that of C3-plants and other constituents found in genuine clove extracts.