gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Interferon‐Gamma on the Expression of HLA‐DR by Human Melanoma Cells of Varying Metastatic Potential (1990)

Three human melanoma cell lines of varying invasive and metastatic potential were analyzed for their ability to express HLA-DR antigens on the cell surface as well as transcriptionally at the mRNA level in the presence and absence of IFN-gamma treatment. Cells of low and intermediate metastatic and invasive potential showed a high percentage of HLA-DR surface expression, both before (91.2-99.9%) and after (97.8-99.9%) IFN-gamma treatment, as quantitated by flow cytometry. In contrast, cells of high metastatic and invasive potential expressed barely detectable levels of HLA-DR-positive cells before IFN-gamma treatment (0.3-0.6%) and displayed elevated levels following treatment (42.3-89.4%). Allowing the highly metastatic cells to recover for 7 or 14 days following IFN-gamma treatment resulted in barely detectable levels of HLA-DR-positive cells. Northern blot analyses of HLA-DR transcription levels showed a strong expression in cells of low and intermediate metastatic and invasive potential. HLA-DR mRNA levels were not detectable in control cells of high metastatic potential nor in those cells which had undergone 7- and 14-day recovery periods following IFN-gamma treatment. There was, however, an induction of HLA-DR expression in the cells that had been treated with IFN-gamma for 72 hr and allowed no recovery period. In addition, a punctate, receptor-like pattern of immunofluorescence staining pattern for cell surface HLA-DR was seen after a 72 hr IFN-gamma treatment in the highly metastatic cells. In contrast, cells of low and intermediate metastatic potential expressed a homogeneous ring-like pattern of antigen expression.
Gd(DOTP)5‐ outer‐sphere relaxation enhancement promoted by nitrogen bases (1993)

The relaxation properties of Gd(DOTP)5- (1, 4, 7, 10-tetra-azacyclododecane- N,N',N'',N'''-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)) have been investigated as a function of pH, temperature, concentration, and magnetic field strength. We have found that the complex has one exchangeable water molecule in its inner coordination sphere, at a distance of 3.26 A from the metal ion, and it does not form oligomers in solution in the concentration range 0.2 to 10 mM. The possible presence of two species in solution with an average fractional hydration number is also taken into accounts. The NMRD profiles were recorded at 5 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 35 degrees C and quantitatively analyzed in terms of the paramagnetic relaxation equations. Interestingly the addition to a solution of the Gd(III)-complex of nitrogen bases results in a marked relaxation enhancement, which shows a strong pH dependence with a maximum around pH = 9. The relaxivity gain has been shown to depend on outer-sphere effects originating from multiple electrostatic interactions between the anionic complex and the organic cations that bring the exchangeable protons of the substrate molecules in to close proximity with the paramagnetic center. High resolution NMR relaxation data for N-methyl-D(-)-glucamine suggest that the hydroxyl group on the beta-carbon plays a role in stabilizing the interaction, presumably through a hydrogen bond with an uncoordinated oxygen atom of the complex.
Long-term survival of cortical neurones from adult guinea-pig maintained in low-density cultures (1996)

In vitro survival of neurones isolated from adult mammalian brain is normally scarce and the postnatal age limit for obtaining viable cultures of cortical, hippocampal and diencephalic neurones is commonly two weeks. Here we describe a novel procedure for the establishment and long-term maintenance of cortical neurones of the adult mammalian brain in low-density cultures. Neurones isolated from the piriform cortex of 30- to 90-day-old guinea-pigs were initially grown in a chemically defined medium enriched with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); later, a small quantity of foetal bovine serum (FBS) was added to facilitate cell differentiation. Under these conditions cells could be maintained in culture for at least 3 weeks, when indirect immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed. Cells exhibiting neuronal morphology expressed the neuronal marker microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and generated action potentials. Moreover, about 70% of the MAP2-immunoreactive cells were simultaneously labelled with anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antibody. Cells expressing neuronal antigens were never labelled by antibody raised against the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These results indicate that long-term survival of adult neurones can be achieved under definite culture conditions.
Misdiagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Standard-of-Care Specimen Collection and Testing among Hospitalized Adults, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 2019–20201 (2023)

Although Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) incidence is high in the United States, standard-of-care (SOC) stool collection and testing practices might result in incidence overestimation or underestimation. We conducted diarrhea surveillance among inpatients >50 years of age in Louisville, Kentucky, USA, during October 14, 2019-October 13, 2020; concurrent SOC stool collection and CDI testing occurred independently. A study CDI case was nucleic acid amplification test‒/cytotoxicity neutralization assay‒positive or nucleic acid amplification test‒positive stool in a patient with pseudomembranous colitis. Study incidence was adjusted for hospitalization share and specimen collection rate and, in a sensitivity analysis, for diarrhea cases without study testing. SOC hospitalized CDI incidence was 121/100,000 population/year; study incidence was 154/100,000 population/year and, in sensitivity analysis, 202/100,000 population/year. Of 75 SOC CDI cases, 12 (16.0%) were not study diagnosed; of 109 study CDI cases, 44 (40.4%) were not SOC diagnosed. CDI incidence estimates based on SOC CDI testing are probably underestimated.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 472K&lt;/p&gt;
A reimbursement framework for artificial intelligence in healthcare (2022)

Responsible adoption of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) requires that AI systems which benefit patients and populations, including autonomous AI systems, are incentivized financially at a consistent and sustainable level. We present a framework for analytically determining value and cost of each unique AI service. The framework’s processes involve affected stakeholders, including patients, providers, legislators, payors, and AI creators, in order to find an optimum balance among ethics, workflow, cost, and value as identified by each of these stakeholders. We use a real world, completed, an example of a specific autonomous AI service, to show how multiple “guardrails” for the AI system implementation enforce ethical principles. It can guide the development of sustainable reimbursement for future AI services, ensuring the quality of care, healthcare equity, and mitigation of potential bias, and thereby contribute to realize the potential of AI to improve clinical outcomes for patients and populations, improve access, remove disparities, and reduce cost.
Simulation of Squeeze-Film Damping of Microplates Actuated by Large Electrostatic Load (2007)

We present a new method for simulating squeeze-film damping of microplates actuated by large electrostatic loads. The method enables the prediction of the quality factors of microplates under a limited range of gas pressures and applied electrostatic loads up to the pull-in instability. The method utilizes the nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, the von Kármán plate equations, and the compressible Reynolds equation. The static deflection of the microplate is calculated using the beam model. Analytical expressions are derived for the pressure distribution in terms of the plate mode shapes around the deflected position using perturbation techniques. The static deflection and the analytical expressions are substituted into the plate equations, which are solved using a finite-element method. Several results are presented showing the effect of the pressure and the electrostatic force on the structural mode shapes, the pressure distributions, the natural frequencies, and the quality factors.
Experimental Pilot Study of a Novel Endobronchial Drug Delivery Catheter (2015)

Endobronchial infusion of dye and contrast media by the endobronchial drug delivery catheter showed that the media spread in a dose-dependent manner macroscopically and histologically. Further investigation will be required to assess the catheter as a new tool for localized drug delivery into the airway.
Tablets of Hamamelis Dry Extract by Direct Compression: Comparative Study of Natural Starches and Starch Derivatives (1993)

Tablets of hamamelis dry extract are made by direct compression. The rheological properties of natural starches and of various starch derivatives (split starches, pregelatinized starches, starch glycolates …) are compared. 50 mg hamamelis dry extract (20% w/w) formulations were prepared with these different disintegrants; for each formulation mechanical properties of both powder mixture and resulting tablets were assessed.
A New Concept: Asymmetrical Pick-Ups for Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Monorail Systems (2006)

Inductively coupled power transfer systems have recently proven to be popular in moving vehicle monorail systems situated in difficult environments such as clean rooms. In such applications the magnetic design is critical if low weight high power pick-ups are to be realized. Early designs were largely experimental and used magnetic shapes that easily fit the existing structure. Modern finite-element-modeling packages are now being used to achieve significant alterations to the pick-up shape under the assumption that the monorail structures can be changed. This paper introduces several important magnetic design metrics that must be considered in such a design process, and applies these to various newly proposed and unconventional asymmetrical pick-up shapes. These new pick-ups are shown to be capable of achieving comparable power output with lower ferrite volume/length of the pick-up structure, or significant increases in output power for identical volume/length, to a conventional E-shaped pick-up
Pressure Behavior of Horizontal Wells in Multilayer Reservoirs With Crossflow (1996)

Summary New analytic solutions for horizontal wells with wellbore storage and skin in layered reservoirs with crossflow are presented. These layered systems can be bounded by two horizontal impermeable boundary planes at the top and the bottom, or either one of the boundary planes can have a constant pressure (the system either has a gas cap or an active aquifer), while the other is maintained as a no-flow boundary. The new solutions are derived by utilizing the reflection and transmission concept of electromagnetics to solve fluid flow problems in three dimensional layered reservoirs, where non-homogeneity is in only one direction. The solution technique is sufficiently general that it may be applied to a wide variety of fluid flow and well testing problems involving single-phase flow. The solutions are applied to a number of layered-reservoir examples. It is shown that a gas cap or aquifer should automatically not be treated as a constant-pressure boundary. It is also shown that estimation of layer parameters from conventional well tests is difficult. A field example is presented for the use of the new solutions for the interpretation of a buildup test from a horizontal well in a multilayer reservoir, where the layers are separated sporadically by low permeability zones. The Horner method is also used to interpret the field test; however, Horner does not work well for layered systems with horizontal wells.
Super broadband lumped models for embedded passives (2004)

This paper presents novel equivalent lumped circuits to model three-dimensional inductors and capacitors embedded in a multilayer organic or LTCC substrate with extremely large bandwidth. The developed models combine a core circuit, a five-element modified-T section, to include up to half-wavelength long transmission-line effects, and parallel and series feedback resonators to account for non-conductive and common-ground coupling phenomena. It is emphasized that all the circuit elements in such equivalent models can be extracted mathematically from the measured S parameters. In our establishment of an embedded passives library, the modeled S parameters can agree quite well with measured results over the entire measurement frequency range of 20 GHz. The effective modeling bandwidth is estimated at least several times larger than in the conventional PI-section models.
HoloChat (2015)

Holographic displays have long inspired science fiction writers and movie makers as the communication platform of the future. Why should we restrict ourselves to a two-dimensional screen if we can transmit our virtual selves in 3D? Despite striking advances in holographic display and 3D capture technologies, we are taking a step further in developing a complete prototype system suitable for mobile deployment (mobile phones, smart watches, tablet devices, etc.). We propose an efficient data-processing framework for 3D face capture, transmission, rendering, and display. Our framework combines the state of the art in mobile light field displays and depth sensor-based realtime facial performance capture. We demonstrate the first mobile holographic communication system through performance-driven digital avatars.
An overview of recent progress in volumetric semantic 3D reconstruction (2016)

This paper gives an overview of a recently proposed method of solving dense 3D reconstruction and semantic segmentation from multiple input images in a joint fashion, i.e. as semantic 3D reconstruction. The formulation is cast as a volumetric fusion of depth maps and pixel-wise semantic classification scores. By posing the two problems as a joint optimization problem, both of the tasks can benefit from the other task's information. This leads to formulations which can reconstruct hidden unobserved surfaces. We give an overview of several papers which describe different ways of modeling the data term from the input data and also works which introduce object shape priors to the formulation. We present the basic convex multi-label formulation on which the method builds and also discuss the relation to other reconstruction algorithms which extract semantically annotated 3D models from images.
Abstract 2620: The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia project: From integrative cancer genomics to personalized cancer therapy (2010)

Abstract Cancer genome characterization efforts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas project are rapidly improving our knowledge of tumor genetic alterations. With the expanded use of massively parallel sequencing, the catalogue of known genetic alterations in cancer is expected to expand at an accelerating rate. In this context, the emphasis is shifting towards systematic identification of the genes and pathways targeted by recurrent genetic alterations, their functional impact in tumor biology, and the resulting cellular dependencies that might be exploited therapeutically. Anticipating the need for a companion resource to systematically probe tumor biology armed with cancer genomics knowledge, we have assembled a compendium of experimentally tractable cancer model systems consisting of ∼1000 human cancer cell lines and performed extensive genomic analysis (at the level of gene expression, DNA copy number and mutations) coupled with pharmacological profiling. This resource, which we call the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), is being used not only to identify the putative targets of prevalent genetic alterations, but also to systematically link the presence or absence of certain genetic alterations to drug sensitivity or resistance. To date, we have identified several previously unappreciated genomic predictors of response or intrinsic resistance to targeted anticancer agents. For instance, through integrative analysis, we have discovered additional mechanisms that may underlie sensitivity to MET inhibitors, beyond amplification of the MET receptor, highlighting the fact that response prediction in the clinic may require assessment of multiple variables. We have also broadened the potential relevance of known predictive biomarkers that might provide a rationale for future genotype-driven clinical trials. As an example, we have expanded on existing knowledge of resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, showing that the presence of RAS mutations may predict lack of response to a broad spectrum of RTK inhibitors in addition to EGFR inhibitors. This work demonstrates that pharmacological profiling of large, genomically-annotated cancer model systems may uncover new tumor dependencies as well as positive and negative predictors of drug response. The results of this study are being made publicly available at a CCLE online portal, with the hope they will become a valuable resource for the cancer community to propel translation of the knowledge generated through in vitro integrative genomics into personalized cancer medicine. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2620.
PeerCast: Improving link layer multicast through cooperative relaying (2011)

Wireless multicast applications, such as MobiTV, web telecast, and multimedia classrooms, are gaining rapid popularity. The broadcast nature of the wireless channel is amenable to such multicasts because a single packet transmission can be received by all clients. Unfortunately, the rate of this transmission is bottlenecked by data rate of the weakest client, degrading system performance. Attempts to increase the data rate results in lower reliability and higher unfairness. This paper presents PeerCast, a wireless multicast protocol that engages clients in cooperative relaying. The main idea is simple. Instead of multicasting at the bottleneck rate, the access point transmits at a high rate and suitably chooses a few stronger clients to relay the packet to the weaker ones. Multiple transmissions of the same packet, each at higher rate, can achieve better throughput than one transmission at the low, bottleneck rate. We propose a new simultaneous reply-back scheme for clients and detect the power level to estimate the AP's transmission strategy. PeerCast translates these ideas into a functional system using off-the-shelf hardware. Performance evaluation on a 9 node testbed demonstrates consistent throughput and reliability improvements over 802.11. Simulations in QualNet indicate similar trends in large-scale networks.
Towards the photophysical studies of humin by-products (2017)

Biomass conversion into chemicals, materials and fuels emerged in the past decade as the most promising alternative to the current petroleum-based industry. However, the chemocatalytic conversion of biomass and bio-derived sugars often leads to numerous side-products, such as humins. The limited characterization of humin materials restricts their study for possible future applications. Thus, herein photophysical studies on humins and separated humin fractions were carried out using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. This paper aims to add to the literature important information for scientists involved in the photophysical studies.
Chemical control of the electrical surface properties in donor-doped transition metal oxides (2019)

Donor-doped transition metal oxides such as donor-doped strontium titanate ($n\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$) are of fundamental importance for oxide electronic devices as well as for electronic surface and interface engineering. Here we quantitatively analyze the variable band alignment and the resulting space charge layer at the surface of $n\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$, determined by its surface redox chemistry. Synchrotron-based ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy conducted under applied thermodynamic bias is used to access electronic structure and chemistry of the surface. We find an electron depletion layer driven by cationic surface point defects that are controlled by adjusting the ambient atmosphere ($p{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$). We correlate the $p{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ dependence to a response of the strontium sublattice, namely the precipitation of strontium oxide and the formation of charged strontium vacancies at the surface. We suggest the reversible conversion of surface-terminating strontium oxide into extended strontium oxide clusters as the responsible process by resolving chemical dynamics in situ. As we show, atomic control of these subtle changes in the surface redox chemistry allows us to tailor electrical transport properties along the $n\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ surface. Our study thereby gives access to engineering electronic band bending in transition metal oxides by the control of the surface chemistry.
P3‐039: Central Cathepsin B Inhibition by CA074 Does Not Alter the Levels of Neurotoxic Aβ Species in the Brain of Happ‐Lon Mice (2016)

The cysteine protease cathepsin B (CatB) was previously reported as a potential drug target for disease modification in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The direction in which CatB activity needs to be regulated to provide beneficial effects has been a matter of debate. While a study by Mueller-Steiner et al. (2006) pointed towards a neuroprotective role of CatB, Hook et al. (2008, 2014) demonstrated that CatB inhibition or CatB knockout improved memory deficits, reduced amyloid plaques, and brain Aβ40/42 levels. Notably, pyroglutamate (pGlu) Aβ, an N-truncated and neurotoxic species, was also decreased suggesting CatB inhibitors might have potential for slowing down AD progression. The aim of this study was to validate the role of CatB in the production of neurotoxic Aβ species using a selective CatB inhibitor to increase confidence in CatB as a putative drug target. Transgenic hAPP-Lon (14 months old) and hAPP-Lon/PS1 (13 months old) mice were treated i.c.v. with 6μg/day CA074Me prodrug (n=16) or vehicle (n=16) for 4 weeks using ALZET minipumps. The animals were sacrificed and one hemisphere was analyzed for pharmacokinetics by mass spectrometry (MS). The other hemisphere was homogenized with Guanidine-HCl and analyzed for Aβ38/40/42 by MSD immunoassay and ELISA, for Aβ pGlu3-40/42 by ELISA, and for 11 different N-truncated and pGlu Aβ species by immunoaffinity MS. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the free concentration of the active drug CA074 in the brain of both transgenic mouse strains was three times higher than IC50 suggesting efficient inhibition of Cat B in vivo. The results of our Aβ analyses with different immunoassays and immunoaffinity MS were very consistent. Brain levels of all Aβ species (Aβ40/42, Aβ pGlu3-40/42, N-truncated Aβs) after CA074 treatment did not differ from vehicle controls, both in hAPP-Lon and hAPP-Lon/PS1 mice. In a well-designed study and using various analytical methods, we obtained consistent results but were not able to confirm the published effects of CatB inhibition on brain levels of Aβ40/42 and Aβ pGlu3-40/42. We conclude that inhibition of CatB with the aim to lower the production of neurotoxic Aβ species is not an attractive therapeutic approach for AD.
Analytical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Forces in an Endoluminal Graft (2001)

These results suggest that the downward force on a bifurcated stent-graft, which may exceed the force required to dislodge it when relying on radial attachment alone, is determined mostly by the proximal graft diameter. Curvature of the graft limbs creates an additional sideways force that works to displace the distal limbs of the graft from the iliac arteries.