gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strength of interference screw fixation of meniscus prosthesis matches native meniscus attachments (2021)

These findings show that the textile attachment-interference screw fixation system provides reliable fixation for a novel ovine meniscus implant, supporting progression to in vivo testing. This research provides a baseline for future development of novel human meniscus replacements, in relation to attachment design and fixation methods. The data suggest that surgical techniques familiar from ligament reconstruction may be used for the fixation of clinical meniscal prostheses.
c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ1 and Negatively Regulates Its Transcriptional Activity (1999)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) transcription factor plays a pivotal role in adipocyte differentiation and metabolic regulation. The transcriptional activity of PPARgamma is positively modulated by ligand binding and negatively regulated by phosphorylation mediated by the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of mouse PPARgamma1 at Ser82 by ERK causes a decrease in both basal and ligand-dependent transcriptional activity. In this report we examined the ability of other mitogen-activated protein kinase family members to phosphorylate PPARgamma1. We demonstrate that in vitro, PPARgamma1 is efficiently phosphorylated by JNK/SAPK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase or stress-activated protein kinase) but only weakly phosphorylated by p38. In transfected 293T cells, PPARgamma1 is phosphorylated at Ser82 in response to known JNK activators such as UV irradiation and anisomycin treatment. This phosphorylation is not blocked by either the specific MEK inhibitor PD98059 or the p38 inhibitor SB203580, indicating that it is independent of the MEK/ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Finally, in transient transfection reporter assays, activation of JNK by anisomycin or by overexpression of MKK4 (the upstream JNK kinase) decreased ligand-dependent PPARgamma1 transcriptional activity. These results suggest that the activation of the JNK/SAPK pathway by extracellular signals, perhaps by inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, would result in a reduction of PPARgamma transcriptional activity and reduce the effects of PPARgamma ligands.
e-beam probe potential diagnostic in spherical electrostatic-inertial plasma confinement (SEIC) (abstract) (1992)

A new e-beam probe is developed to study the potential structure inside a SEIC device [G. H. Miley et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 840 (1991)]. The device has a spherical grid negatively biased inside a spherical vacuum chamber. Ions oscillate through the highly transparent grid, forming a single potential well inside the cathode. The potential in turn attracts electrons from ionization of background gas. The measurement of this complex potential profile is the objective of this work. The e-beam probe offers advantages over the e-emitting probes and the laser heterodyne method. It minimizes perturbations (versus a physical probe) and detects smaller charge density variations than possible with laser techniques. The present e-beam probe utilizes a higher voltage and a modified focus compared to the earlier version used by Swanson [Swanson et al., Phys. Fluids 16, 1939 (1973)]. The characteristic e-beam deflection patterns observed are compared to predictions from an impulse approximation model.
Obesity-associated microbiota contributes to mucus layer defects in genetically obese mice (2020)

The intestinal mucus layer is a physical barrier separating the tremendous number of gut bacteria from the host epithelium. Defects in the mucus layer have been linked to metabolic diseases, but previous studies predominantly investigated mucus function during high-caloric/low-fiber dietary interventions, thus making it difficult to separate effects mediated directly through diet quality from potential obesity-dependent effects. As such, we decided to examine mucus function in mouse models with metabolic disease to distinguish these factors. Here we show that, in contrast to their lean littermates, genetically obese (ob/ob) mice have a defective inner colonic mucus layer that is characterized by increased penetrability and a reduced mucus growth rate. Exploiting the coprophagic behavior of mice, we next co-housed ob/ob and lean mice to investigate if the gut microbiota contributed to these phenotypes. Co-housing rescued the defect of the mucus growth rate, whereas mucus penetrability displayed an intermediate phenotype in both mouse groups. Of note, non-obese diabetic mice with high blood glucose levels displayed a healthy colonic mucus barrier, indicating that the mucus defect is obesity- rather than glucose-mediated. Thus, our data suggest that the gut microbiota community of obesity-prone mice may regulate obesity-associated defects in the colonic mucosal barrier, even in the presence of dietary fiber.
Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Activity in Brownmillerites Ca2Fe(1–x)CoxO5 (2019)

State-of-the-art catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER), which form the basis of advanced fuel cell applications, are based on noble metals such as Pt and Ir. However, high cost and scarcity of noble metals have led to an increased demand of earth-abundant metal oxide catalysts, especially for bifunctional activity in ORR and OER. The fact that Pt and Ir or C, the cost-effective alternatives suggested, do not display satisfactory bifunctional activity has also helped in turning the interest to metal oxides which are stable under both ORR and OER conditions. Brownmillerite A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> type oxides are promising as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts because of intrinsic structural features, viz., oxygen vacancy and catalytic activity of the B-site transition metal. In this study, Co-doped Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> compounds are synthesized by the solid state method and structurally analyzed by Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data. The compound Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, crystallizing in the <i>Pcmn</i> space group has alternative FeO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral and FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedral layers. Its Co-doped analogue, Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>1.75</sub>Co<sub>0.25</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, also crystallizes in the same space group with both tetrahedral and octahedral Fe positions substituted with Co. However, Ca<sub>2</sub>FeCoO<sub>5</sub> in the <i>Pbcm</i> space group shows interlayer ordering with Co-rich octahedra connected to Fe-rich tetrahedra and vice versa. Oxygen bifunctional activities of these catalysts are monitored by rotating disc electrode and rotating ring disc electrode techniques in alkaline media. A close analysis of the ORR and OER was conducted through comparison of various parameters such as onset potential, current density, halfwave potential, and other kinetic parameters, which suggests that the presence of Co in the B site aids in achieving better bifunctional activity and bulk conductivity. In addition, Co(II)/Co(III) redox systems and their comparative concentrations also play a decisive role in enhancing the activity.
The Mo(CO)3 Fragment as an Organometallic Protection Group in the Synthesis of Functionalized Tripodal Phosphine Ligands (1996)

Treatment of Mo(CO)6 with cis,cis-1,3,5-tris(diphenylphosphino)-1,3,5-tris(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohexane (tdppcyme) (L) at elevated temperatures gives Mo(CO)3(tdppcyme) (1) in high yield. The ester groups in complex 1 are saponed to carboxylic acid groups by lithium n-propyl mercaptide in DMF and reduced to alcoholic groups by lithium aluminum hydride in THF to yield the carboxylic acid complex 2 and hydroxymethyl complex 4, respectively. Treatment of 1 with ethylenediamine and NaH results in the formation of the carboxamide 3. The methoxymethyl complex 5 is formed from 4 in a phase transfer reaction (THF/aqueous NaOH) with dimethyl sulfate as the methylating agent. Deprotonation of compound 4 with NaH in THF results in the formation of the corresponding trisodium alcoholate which on treatment with chloromethyl methyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-[(p-tolylsulfonyl)oxy]ethane, and allyl bromide leads to the corresponding complexes 6−8, respectively. The acid-catalyzed addition of the hydroxyl function to 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran yields the acetal 9. The modified functionalized tripodal phosphines 2a and 5a−9a can be liberated by irradiating solutions of the corresponding molybdenum carbonyl complexes in the presence of pyridine N-oxide or N2O, respectively. No oxidation of the phosphines is observed; MoO3 and CO are obtained. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations were performed on complexes 3 and 5.
Online optimization of 802.11 mesh networks (2009)

802.11 wireless mesh networks are ubiquitous, but suffer from severe performance degradations due to poor synergy between the 802.11 CSMA MAC protocol and higher layers. Several solutions have been proposed that either involve significant modifications to the 802.11 MAC or legacy higher layer protocols, or rely on 802. MAC models seeded with off-line measurements performed during network downtime.
Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells for Treatment of Hindlimb Ischemia (2009)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from narrowing of the peripheral arteries that supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the legs and feet, This pathology causes symptoms such as intermittent claudication (pain with walking), painful ischemic ulcerations, or even limb-threatening gangrene. It is generally believed that the vascular endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells that invests the luminal surface of all blood and lymphatic vessels, plays a dominant role in vascular homeostasis and vascular regeneration. As a result, stem cell-based regeneration of the endothelium may be a promising approach for treating PAD.In this video, we demonstrate the transplantation of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived endothelial cells for treatment of unilateral hindimb ischemia as a model of PAD, followed by non-invasive tracking of cell homing and survival by bioluminescence imaging. The specific materials and procedures for cell delivery and imaging will be described. This protocol follows another publication in describing the induction of hindlimb ischemia by Niiyama et al.1
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Preliminary Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies of New, Conformationally Constrained Analogues of the Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist 4‐(Phosphonomethyl)‐2‐piperidinecarboxylic Acid (CGS 19755). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pathophysiology of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2 in Stable Chronic Heart Failure: Workgroup Statements from the Eleventh Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) (2013)

In cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 2, chronic heart failure (HF) results in the onset or progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Examples of CRS type 2 (CRS2) include progressive CKD resulting from chronic HF in congenital or acquired heart disease or from repeated bouts of acute decompensated HF. Animal data and clinical studies indicate that extended periods of chronic HF result in altered renal hemodynamics followed by progressive renal pathology. Experimental and clinical data indicate that CRS2 is characterized by mild to moderate proteinuria, a progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate, and an elevated expression of renal injury biomarkers. Important pathophysiological triggers of renal disease progression include chronic increases in renal venous pressure, maladaptive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and the sympathetic nervous system, as well as a chronic inflammatory state. Intrarenal oxidative stress and proinflammatory signaling precipitate structural injury, including glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Yet, clinical interventional trials that directly test the impact of renin-angiotensin system antagonists and β-blockers on the progression of CKD in CRS2 are lacking. Secondary analyses of trials designed to assess the impact of these agents on cardiovascular endpoints have failed to show a consistent benefit regarding renal functional parameters. In contrast, left ventricular assist device placement and cardiac resynchronization therapy in HF patients consistently improved renal function, suggesting a marked potential for reversibility in many cases of CRS2. Future research should be directed towards the evaluation of novel biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, severity grading as well as our understanding of the pathophysiology of CRS2. In addition, there is a need for interventional trials in HF patients to address long-term renal endpoints incorporating clinical information and measures of renal function as well as renal injury.
MODEL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PERMISSIVE HYPERCAPNIA ON CO2 REMOVAL BY IVOX, AN INTRACORPOREAL GAS EXCHANGE DEVICE (1993)

Bidani, Akhil; Niranian, S. C.; Clark, J. W.; San, K. Y.; Zwischenberger, J. B. Author Information
Micro-Raman investigation of strain in GaN and AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures grown on Si(111) (2002)

Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we have studied the vibrational properties of GaN and Al0.5Ga0.5N/GaN long period superlattices (SLs) grown on Si(111). Crack-free areas of GaN layers grown on Si(111) exhibit residual tensile stress, which is evidenced by the red shift of the frequency of E2(TO) phonon. We have derived the strain cartography in GaN and Al0.5Ga0.5N/GaN long period SLs, which shows that cracking leads to strain relaxation. In addition, the AlGaN layers on GaN introduce an additional component of compressive strain into the GaN layers in these SLs. The amount of strain is quantified using micro-Raman analyses and by taking into account the elastic properties of GaN and AlGaN. By introducing a thin, low temperature InGaN interlayer, we could significantly reduce the crack density of the GaN layer.
A hyper-NA projection lens for ArF immersion exposure tool (2006)

Resolution enhancement in ArF dry lithography is limited by the numerical aperture (NA), which cannot be extended past the physical limit of 1.0. Immersion lithography is proposed as a candidate to overcome this limitation as resolution can be enhanced with a hyper-NA immersion projection lens. In addition, depth of focus (DOF) can be extended owing to the small incident angle for marginal rays onto the image plane. Our development of immersion optics can be divided into three phases. First, the initial evaluation has successfully been conducted in the engineering evaluation tool (EET), in which the projection optics is converted from dry-use to wet-use while retaining the same NA, 0.85. Second, the projection optics with 1.07NA has been developed aiming at devices with 50-55nm half-pitch (hp) patterns. The optics, comprising only the refractive elements, is exclusively dedicated to immersion usage. Third, catadioptric optics with 1.3NA targeting at 45nm hp devices is intensively studied. This paper will focus on the second and the third phases of the development.
Quantum Dynamics of Attractive and Repulsive Polarons in a Doped MoSe2 Monolayer (2023)

When mobile impurities are introduced and coupled to a Fermi sea, new quasiparticles known as Fermi polarons are formed. There are two interesting, yet drastically different regimes of the Fermi polaron problem: (i) the attractive polaron (AP) branch connected to pairing phenomena spanning the crossover from BCS superfluidity to the Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules and (ii) the repulsive branch (RP), which underlies the physics responsible for Stoner’s itinerant ferromagnetism. Here, we study Fermi polarons in two-dimensional systems, where many questions and debates regarding their nature persist. The model system we investigate is a doped MoSe2 monolayer. We find the observed AP-RP energy splitting and the quantum dynamics of attractive polarons agree with the predictions of polaron theory. As the doping density increases, the quantum dephasing of the attractive polarons remains constant, indicative of stable quasiparticles, while the repulsive polaron dephasing rate increases nearly quadratically. The dynamics of Fermi polarons are of critical importance for understanding the pairing and magnetic instabilities that lead to the formation of rich quantum phases found in a wide range of physical systems including nuclei, cold atomic gases, and solids.
BEAM PROPAGATION ANALYSIS OF MODAL PROPERTIES OF OPTICAL NONLINEAR WAVEGUIDES (1988)

The methods for extracting the information necessary to compute the propagation constants of the modes, the mode weights and eigenfunctions from a numerical propagating-beam solution of the Helmholtz equation are described. Examples of numerical calculations for nonlinear waveguides are demonstrated.
Performance enhancing additives for reusable ruthenium-triphos catalysts in the reduction of CO2to dimethoxymethane (2020)

Additives enhance the performance of a recyclable ruthenium-triphos catalyst system in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to dimethoxymethane.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the First Members of a New Class of Biologically Active Bryostatin Analogues. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular Analysis of the Inhibition of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression by Estrogens and Xenoestrogens in MCF-7 Cells1 (2000)

Xenoestrogens (XEs) are a diverse group of chemicals that mimic estrogenic actions and may have adverse effects on human health. The influence of these compounds on cytokine production or immune system function remains unclear. In this study we have examined the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and XEs on chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) production and analyzed the molecular mechanism. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), also termed monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, is a member of the chemokine family and attracts mainly blood monocytes. Human mammary tumor cell line MCF-7 cells produce a large quantity of MCP-1 in response to interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). Addition of E2 to MCF-7 cells inhibited MCP-1 production in a dose-dependent manner. XEs, bisphenol A, and NP also inhibited MCP-1 production, although the potency was 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than that of E2. E2, bisphenol A, and NP inhibited MCP-1 messenger RNA expression in MCF-7 cells. Two closely located nuclear factor-kappaB sites, A1 and A2, have been identified in the promoter of the human MCP-1 gene. A luciferase construct containing this enhancer region (pGLM-ENH) was activated by IL-1alpha, and a mutation at either the A1 or A2 site resulted in a loss of IL-1alpha responsiveness. Treatment with E2 or XEs decreased the IL-1alpha-inducible pGLM-ENH luciferase activity significantly. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift analysis, we found that treatment with E2 or XEs diminished the IL-1alpha-induced complex formation with both A1 and A2 probes, which was identified immunochemically to consist of nuclear factor-kappaB, p50, and p65. The IL-1alpha-induced p50/c-Rel complex to the A2 probe was also, to a lesser extent, decreased by E2 or XE treatment. The effects of E2 and XEs on the expression of MCP-1 seem to be much more dramatic than the effects of these agents on the promoters used in the luciferase assay, suggesting the involvement of an additional site(s) of the promoter region of the MCP-1 gene or posttranscriptional regulation of MCP-1 gene expression by E2 and XEs. This work represents the first report describing possible regulation of immune system function by XEs through inhibiting chemokine production.
Al-2.103 Plasma (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Monodispersed Colloidal Solutions of Surface-modified Detonation-synthesized Nanodiamonds and Their Aggregation Resistance (2016)

We demonstrate that using hyperbranched polyglycerol, the surface modification of detonation-synthesized nanodiamonds produces stable monodispersed colloids in water. This colloid shows strong resi...
Epitaxial Growth of Active Si on Top of SiGe Etch Stop Layer in View of 3D Device Integration (2021)

We describe challenges of the epitaxial Si-cap/Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 //Si-substrate growth process, in view of its application in 3D device integration schemes using Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 as backside etch stop layer with a focus on high throughput epi processing without compromising material quality. While fully strained Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 with a thickness &gt;10 times larger than the theoretical thickness for layer relaxation can be grown, it is challenging to completely avoid misfit dislocations at the wafer edge during Si-growth on top of strained Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 , even for thinner Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 layers and when growing the Si-cap layer at a lower temperature. Extremely sensitive characterization methods are mandatory to detect the extremely low density of misfit dislocations at the wafer edge. Light scattering measurements are most reliable. The epitaxial Si-cap/Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 //Si-substrate layer stacks are stable against post-epi thermal processing steps, typically applied before wafer-to-wafer bonding and Si-substrate and Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 backside removal.
Imaging performance of EUV lithography optics configuration for sub-9nm resolution (2015)

New design solutions are available for high-NA EUV optics, maintaining simultaneously superior imaging performance and productivity below 9nm resolution by means of anamorphic imaging. We investigate the imaging properties of these new optics configurations by rigorous simulations, taking into account mask induced effects as well as characteristics of the new optics. We compare the imaging behavior to other, more traditional optics configurations, and show that the productivity gain of our new configurations is indeed obtained at excellent imaging performance.