gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Katalytische enantioselektive Olefinmetathese in der Naturstoffsynthese: chirale Metallkomplexe für hohe Enantioselektivitäten und vieles mehr (2009)

Abstract Chirale Olefinmetathesekatalysatoren bieten einen Weg für die hoch effiziente Synthese enantiomerenangereicherter Moleküle. Synthesen unter Beteiligung derartiger Komplexe können deutlich kürzer und praktischer sein als entsprechende Umsetzungen von enantiomerenreinen Substraten in Gegenwart von achiralen Molybdänalkylidenen oder Rutheniumcarbenen. Damit geht die Forschung auf dem Gebiet der chiralen Katalysatoren über die Entwicklung chiraler Varianten achiraler Verbindungen hinaus, denn ein chiraler Olefinmetathesekatalysator kann nicht nur Zugang zu Produkten hoher Enantiomerenreinheit bieten, sondern darüber hinaus auch Syntheseeffizienzen, Produktselektivitäten und/oder E/Z‐Stereoselektivitäten bieten, die mit den achiralen Varianten nicht erreichbar sind. Dieses positive Attribut chiraler Katalysatoren (ob nun in racemischer oder enantiomerenangereichter Form eingesetzt) sollte allgemeingültig sein, d. h. auf andere Formen der chemischen Umwandlung übertragen werden können.
Mechanism of the photochemical oxidation of pentacarbonyliron and CpW(CO)3 (Cp = .eta.5-C5H5) by chlorocarbons (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the photochemical oxidation of pentacarbonyliron and CpW(CO)3 (Cp = .eta.5-C5H5) by chlorocarbonsAlan S. Goldman and David R. TylerCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 3, 449–456Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00081a020https://doi.org/10.1021/om00081a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐sensitivity detection of ATP using bioluminescence at an optical fiber end (2009)

Abstract We investigated the sensitivity of ATP detection based on bioluminescence at an optical fiber end where luciferase molecules were immobilized via silica‐binding protein molecules. Luminescence was detected by an avalanche photodiode (APD), with coupling optics to make full use of the merits of compactness, high quantum efficiency, and low noise of the APD. The core diameter and the numerical aperture of the optical fiber, as well as the design of the coupling optics, were optimized so as to realize high photon‐collection efficiency. A detection limit of about 10 −10 M was obtained, which corresponds to 10 −15 mol of ATP. A rough estimation shows that the photon count rate is still two orders of magnitude lower than that limited by diffusion or reaction processes, implying a possibility of further improvement of the sensitivity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(9): 53–59, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10054
Controlling Analyte Electrochemistry in an Electrospray Ion Source with a Three-Electrode Emitter Cell (2004)

The inherent electrochemistry occurring at the emitter electrode of an electrospray ion source was effectively controlled by incorporating a three-electrode controlled-potential electrochemical cell into the controlled-current electrospray emitter circuit. Two different basic cell designs were investigated to accomplish this control, namely, a planar flow-by working electrode and a porous flow-through working electrode design, each operated with a potentiostat floated at the electrospray high voltage. Control of the analyte electrochemistry was tested using the indole alkaloid reserpine, which is often used to test the specifications of electrospray mass spectrometry instrumentation. Reserpine was relatively easy to oxidize (E(p) = 0.73 V vs Ag/AgCl) in the acidic electrospray medium (acetonitrile/water 1:1 v/v, 5.0 mM ammonium acetate, 0.75 vol % acetic acid) and was oxidized when the conventional electrospray emitter was used at low solution flow rate. With the proper cell auxiliary electrode configuration and adjustment of the working electrode potential, it was found that reserpine oxidation could be "turned off" at flow rates as low as 2.5 microL/min as well as at flow rates as high as 30-40 microL/min. Just as important, it was also possible to "turn on" essentially 100% oxidation of reserpine in this flow rate range. The area of the auxiliary electrode along with flow rate, which affect mass transport of analytes to this electrode, were found to be critical in controlling the electrochemical reactions in the emitter cell. Such control over analyte electrochemical reactions in the emitter has been difficult or impossible to achieve with a conventional electrospray emitter. This control is paramount in obtaining experimental results free from electrochemically generated artifacts of the analyte or in exploiting electrochemical reactions involving the analyte to analytical advantage.
Immune Recovery after Timed Sequential Therapy in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Discordant Recovery of Naive T Lymphocytes and Antigen Driven Regulatory T Cells. (2008)

Abstract Patients who demonstrate a rapid but limited initial lymphocyte recovery following therapy have a significantly better response rate than patients where lymphocyte recovery is markedly delayed. Timed sequential therapy (TST) is a cell cycle dependent based approach for curative therapeutic potential in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Recovery of T cells in this setting can be due to thymic dependent T cell development or as a consequence of directed (antigen) expansion of effector T lymphocytes. The present studies evaluated immunological reconstitution of 26 AML patients following induction or consolidation TST. Thirteen patients received cytarabine, daunorubicin and etoposide (AcDVP-16) induction therapy, 3 patients received cytarabine, daunorubicin and cytarabine (AcDAc) and 10 patients received flavopiridol, cytarabine and mitoxantrone (FLAM) either as induction or consolidation therapy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected during the initial phase of white blood cell reconstitution (&gt;200 cells/ cu mm). Lymphocyte Recovery preceded that of myeloid elements (median of day 24 versus day 30) with peak lymphocyte counts ranging from 300–1800 and a median of 650 cells/cu mm. Multi-color flow cytometric analysis revealed recovery of CD4, CD8 and NK cells with the CD3+CD4+:CD3+CD8+ ratio averaging 4.5:1 (range 1:1– 8:1). Assessment of T cell recombinant excision circles (TREC’s) suggested that a significant proportion of the T cells (median 40,000 copies per 100,000 cells; range 100 – 100,000 copies) were recent thymic emigrants. Somewhat surprisingly, there was a significant expansion of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell compartment (median 5.1%; range 2.5 – 12.3%). To examine whether the expansion of this T cell compartment cells was due to endogenous thymic output or developed by homeostatic mechanisms, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells isolated flow cytometrically were assessed for TREC’s and by spectratyping for Vb T cell receptor gene utilization. The results revealed that the majority (&gt;90%) of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells did not express TREC’s and therefore, did not recently emigrate from the thymus. Moreover, there was a marked oligoclonal skewing as defined by a limited Vb T cell receptor repertoire suggesting expansion did not occur by a non-specific, global homeostatic. In contrast, the repertoire of the non-regulatory T cell compartment (CD4, CD8) was unbiased. These results suggest that the expansion of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell compartment is either driven by antigen or by restricted homeostatic mechanisms. The lack of significant, correlative levels of typical homeostatic cytokines (i.e., IL-2, IL-7; Bioplex analysis) may provide an environment where CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells can only be driven to expand by antigenic stimulation. The continued presence of antigen driven regulatory T cells may impede the successful deployment of immunologically directed anti-tumor strategies.
Sparse Bayesian multi-task learning for predicting cognitive outcomes from neuroimaging measures in Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that causes progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions.Multivariate regression models have been studied in AD for revealing relationships between neuroimaging measures and cognitive scores to understand how structural changes in brain can influence cognitive status.Existing regression methods, however, do not explicitly model dependence relation among multiple scores derived from a single cognitive test.It has been found that such dependence can deteriorate the performance of these methods.To overcome this limitation, we propose an efficient sparse Bayesian multi-task learning algorithm, which adaptively learns and exploits the dependence to achieve improved prediction performance.The proposed algorithm is applied to a real world neuroimaging study in AD to predict cognitive performance using MRI scans.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by its superior prediction performance over multiple state-of-the-art competing methods and accurate identification of compact sets of cognition-relevant imaging biomarkers that are consistent with prior knowledge.
Purpurinimide−Fullerene Dyads:  Introduction of Fullerene Moiety at Various Peripheral Positions of the Purpurinimide System (2004)

[reaction: see text] Fullerene was regioselectively introduced at various peripheral positions of N-hexyl-purpurinimide for photoinduced electron transfer studies. Remarkably different effects of the position of the fullerene moiety in the formation of atropisomers were observed.
Graphoepitaxy integration and pattern transfer of lamellar silicon-containing high-chi block copolymers (2018)

In this work, we present our recent achievements on the integration and transfer etching of a novel silicon-containing high-&chi; block copolymer for lines/spaces applications. Developed carbo-silane BCPs are synthesized under industrial conditions and present periodicities as low as 14 nm. A full directed self-assembly by graphoepitaxy process is shown using standard photolithography stacks and all processes are performed on 300 mm wafer compatible tools. Specific plasma processes are developed to isolate perpendicular lamellae and sub-12 nm features are finally transferred into silicon substrates. The quality of the final BCP hard mask (CDU, LWR, LER) are also investigated. Finally, thanks to the development of dedicated neutral layers and top-coats allowing perpendicular orientations, it was possible to investigate plasma etching experiments on full-sheets at 7 nm resolution, opening the way to the integration of these polymers in chemoepitaxy stacks.
Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Aging (1983)

We have studied 17 elderly and 27 non-elderly, nonobese subjects (mean age 69+/-1 and 37+/-2 yr, respectively) to assess the mechanisms responsible for the abnormal carbohydrate tolerance associated with aging. Serum glucose and insulin levels were significantly elevated in the elderly subjects compared with the nonelderly subjects during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, suggesting an insulin resistant state. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was assessed in both groups using the euglycemic glucose clamp technique during an insulin infusion rate of 40 mU/m(2) per min. Similar steady-state serum insulin levels led to a peripheral glucose disposal rate of 151+/-17 mg/m(2) per min in the elderly compared with a value of 247+/-12 mg/m(2) per min in the nonelderly, thus documenting the presence of insulin resistance in the elderly subjects. Insulin binding to isolated adipocytes and monocytes was similar in the elderly and nonelderly groups (2.34+/-0.33 vs. 2.62+/-0.24% and 5.04+/-1.10 vs. 5.12+/-1.07%), respectively. Thus, insulin resistance in the presence of normal insulin binding suggests the presence of a postreceptor defect in insulin action. This was confirmed by performing additional euglycemic clamp studies using infusion rates of 15 and 1,200 mU/m(2) per min to assess the contours of the dose-response relationship. These studies revealed a 39 and 25% decrease in the glucose disposal rate in the elderly subjects, respectively. The results confirm the presence of a postreceptor defect as well as a rightward shift in the dose-response curve. Insulin's ability to suppress hepatic glucose output was less in the elderly subjects during the 15 mU/m(2) per min insulin infusion (77+/-5 vs. 89+/-4% suppression), but hepatic glucose output was fully and equally suppressed in both groups during the 40 and 1,200 mU/m(2) per min infusion. Finally, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the degree of glucose intolerance in the individual elderly subjects, as reflected by the 2-h serum glucose level during the oral glucose tolerance test, and the degree of peripheral insulin resistance as assessed by the glucose disposal rate during the 40 mU/m(2) per min insulin infusion (r = 0.59, P < 0.01).We conclude that carbohydrate intolerance develops as part of the aging process. This carbohydrate intolerance appears to be the consequence of peripheral insulin resistance caused by a postreceptor defect in target tissue insulin action, which causes both a decrease in the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal and a rightward shift in the insulin action dose-response curve. In elderly subjects, the severity of the abnormality in carbohydrate tolerance is directly correlated to the degree of peripheral insulin resistance.
Large-Scale Allelotype of Pancreaticobiliary Carcinoma Provides Quantitative Estimates of Genome-Wide Allelic Loss (2004)

Abstract Studies of the allelotype of human cancers have provided valuable insights into those chromosomes targeted for genetic inactivation during tumorigenesis. We present the comprehensive allelotype of 82 xenografted pancreatic or biliary cancers using 386 microsatellite markers and spanning the entire genome at an average coverage of 10 cM. Allelic losses were nonrandomly distributed across the genome and most prevalent for chromosome arms 9p, 17p, and 18q (&amp;gt;60%), sites of the known tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A, TP53, and MADH4. Moderate rates of loss (at any one locus) were noted for chromosome arms 3p, 6q, 8p, 17q, 18p, 21q, and 22q (40–60%). A mapping of individual loci of allelic loss revealed 11 “hot spots” of loss of heterozygosity (&amp;gt;30%) in addition to loci near known tumor suppressor genes, corresponding to 3p, 4q, 5q, 6q, 8p, 12q, 14q, 21q, 22q, and the X chromosome. The average genomic fractional allelic loss was 15.3% of all tested markers for the 82 xenografted cancers, with allelic loss affecting as little as 1.5% to as much as 32.1% of tested loci, a remarkable 20-fold range. We determined the chromosome location (in cM) of each of the 386 markers used based on mapping data available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, and we provide the first distance-based estimates of chromosome material lost in a human epithelial cancer. Specifically, we found that the cumulative size of allelic losses ranged from 58 to 1160 cM, with an average loss of 561.32 cM/tumor. We compared the genomic fractional allelic loss of each xenografted cancer with known clinicopathological features for each patient and found a significant correlation with smoking status (P &amp;lt; 0.01). These findings offer new loci for investigation of the genetic alterations common to pancreaticobiliary cancers and aid the understanding of mechanisms of allelic loss in human carcinogenesis.
Supplementary Video 9 from Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 1191KB, Representative endogenous TPEF OPTICAL STACK E6 EETE.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 2214: An integrative approach to reveal driver gene fusions from paired end sequencing data in cancer (2010)

Abstract With a flood of cancer genome sequences expected soon, distinguishing ‘driver’ from ‘passenger’ mutations will be an important task. To discover the key characteristics of driver gene fusions in cancer, we performed a systematic analysis of known fusion genes using a compendium of ‘molecular concepts', inclusive of functional domains, pathways, gene ontologies and molecular interactions. Although analysis of domain architectures and shared pathways was less informative, we found that cancer-related fusion genes tend to share common gene ontologies or engage distinct interaction networks. We hypothesized that such ‘signatures’ of molecular concepts may be used to distinguish biologically meaningful gene fusions underlying cancer, similar to signature genes defining certain phenotypes. We therefore designed an algorithm, called concept signature score (ConSig score), to quantitatively rank human genes underlying cancer by the strength of their association with the molecular concepts characteristics of cancer genes. To integrate the use of high-throughput genomic data, we characterized the chromosomal imbalances associated with gene fusions, finding that recurrent gene fusions exhibit distinctive patterns of copy number alteration corresponding to differential portions of fusion partners. We named this pattern as the fusion breakpoint principle, and confirmed this principle by large-scale meta-analysis of recurrent gene fusions using high-resolution array CGH/SNP datasets. Next, we applied the ConSig technology to paired-end transcriptome sequencing data to benchmark fusion candidates, which were then assessed for chromosomal aberrations complying with the fusion breakpoint principle by integrating high-quality copy number data. We found that the ConSig score was able to identify the known EML4-ALK fusion as the top-ranked candidate in the H2228 lung cancer cell line, and, in addition, we found further evidence of a R3HDM2-NFE2 fusion in H1792 cell line. We show that the R3HDM2-NFE2 fusion, which results in overexpression of wild-type NFE2, promotes cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, through analysis of SNP arrays and lung TMAs, we find that chromosomal rearrangements at the NFE2 locus are recurrent in a small subset of patient tumors, suggesting that NFE2 may contribute to a new class of lung cancer molecular biology. Together, the ConSig technology suggests the functional importance of putative fusions in cancer, whereas the breakpoint principle helps interpret large-scale cancer genomic data sets to explore potential recurrence. Thus the methodology described here can filter the large number of fusion candidates generated by paired-end sequencing data and preferentially identify driver gene fusions in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2214.
Unimolecular Dissociation (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Impact of Different Type of Calcium Sulfate on Early Ettringite Formation in Presence of Different PCE (2018)

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Digital controller for a magnetic suspension system (1986)

An active magnetic suspension system controlled digitally by a microprocessor has been built and operated in our laboratories. The control algorithm has integral, proportional, and derivative feedback loops. The remainder of the system including the sensor, power amplifier, and suspension coils, is of standard design. This developmental system has been used successfully to suspend small steel spheres and small rotors up to 190 g in weight, and shows promise of having wide application.
CAN CHRONIC AND SELF-PERPETUATING ARTHRITIS IN THE HUMAN BE CAUSED BY ARTHROTROPIC UNDEGRADED MICROBIAL CELL WALL CONSTITUANTS? A WORKING HYPOTHESIS (1977)

Although the aetiological agents responsible for the initiation of rheumatoid arthritis in the human are not known, the possibility that the disease is of bacterial origin has been considered. The bacterial factors involved may be small fragments of undegraded wall components which persist for long periods within macrophages and trigger the active release of lysosomal enzymes which cause tissue destruction. The failure to identify such wall components in diseases tissues may be due to the lack of adequate sensitive techniques to detect minute amounts of these wall components, shown to trigger chronic destructive arthritis in laboratory animals. Two models of arthritis caused by mycobacterial and streptococcal wall components are described and the possible role played by immune responses, to the persisting bacterial factors, in the pathogenesis of human arthritis is discussed.