gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Background Correction in Multicomponent Spectroscopic Analysis Using Target Transformation Factor Analysis (1987)

A principal components regression (PCR) is used to construct a calibration matrix for multicomponent spectroscopic analysis which corrects for background absorption due to variable concentrations of unknown species in a sample matrix. Mixed standards are used in the method, and spectra of the pure background components are not needed. The background correction capability of the method is demonstrated with the use of the UV spectra of aqueous standards prepared from cobalt (II) nitrate and nickel (II) nitrate. Known concentrations of chromium (III) nitrate were added to simulate a background which gave rise to relative concentration errors as high as 70% without the background correction capabilities of the method. With the background correction capabilities of the method, the relative concentration errors were reduced to less than one percent. Preliminary results are presented from an application of PCR to determine the concentration of two active ingredients in a pharmaceutical product in the presence of weakly absorbing tablet excipient materials.
An access regularity criterion and regularity improvement heuristics for data transfer optimization by global loop transformations (2003)

Abstract Power consumption for typical embedded multi-media applications is dominated by the storage of and the access to the large multi-dimensional arrays they manipulate. It is now well known that a design methodology for reducing power consumption and improving system performance should apply global loop transformations for increasing locality and regularity of code. Instead of trying to solve a single linear programming problem, which has been proved unfeasible for real world (multi-media) applications, the problem is better divided into several steps. Earlier work used a polyhedral model with a placement step mapping individual polytopes to a common iteration space and an ordering step. For handling even larger applications with tens of loop nests that should be optimized together, this paper proposes to extend that approach by splitting the placement step into two substeps, the first linearly transforming the polytopes and optimizing for regularity and the second optimizing locality while assigning them an offset in the common iteration space. The main contribution is in proposing an automatable regularity improvement criterion. Improving regularity is beneficial for both power and performance because it enables an even better locality of access. We conclude with some preliminary results.
A simple on-line adaption for indirect field orientation of an induction machine (1991)

Three simple methods of adapting for rotor time constant changes of an indirect field-oriented induction machine are proposed. These methods utilize voltages as field-oriented reference models in the basic model reference adaptive control (MRAC) structure. Each of these methods offers either some implementation or performance advantage over the previously proposed MRAC methods and other adaption techniques. The proposed methods are analyzed along with other MRAC methods, and the advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Experimental results are presented for the proposed methods with the most advantages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dinucleotide Spore Photoproduct, a Minimal Substrate of the DNA Repair Spore Photoproduct Lyase Enzyme from Bacillus subtilis (2006)

The overwhelming majority of DNA photoproducts in UV-irradiated spores is a unique thymine dimer called spore photoproduct (SP, 5-thymine-5,6-dihydrothymine). This lesion is repaired by the spore photoproduct lyase (SP lyase) enzyme that directly reverts SP to two unmodified thymines. The SP lyase is an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent iron-sulfur protein that belongs to the radical S-adenosylmethionine superfamily. In this study, by using a well characterized preparation of the SP lyase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis, we show that SP in the form of a dinucleoside monophosphate (spore photoproduct of thymidilyl-(3'-5')-thymidine) is efficiently repaired, allowing a kinetic characterization of the enzyme. The preparation of this new substrate is described, and its identity is confirmed by mass spectrometry and comparison with authentic spore photoproduct. The fact that the spore photoproduct of thymidilyl-(3'-5')-thymidine dimer is repaired by SP lyase may indicate that the SP lesion does not absolutely need to be contained within a single- or double-stranded DNA for recognition and repaired by the SP lyase enzyme.
Blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ–NOP receptor signalling produces antidepressant‐like effects: pharmacological and genetic evidences from the mouse forced swimming test (2003)

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), the endogenous ligand of the NOP receptor, regulates several central functions such as pain transmission, learning and memory, fear and anxiety and feeding and locomotor activity. It has been recently reported that NOP receptor antagonists induce antidepressant-like effects in the mouse forced swimming test (FST), i.e. reduce immobility time. This assay was used in the present study for further investigating the involvement of the NOP receptor in depression states. In male Swiss mice, intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v) of the novel NOP receptor antagonist, UFP-101 (1-10 nmol) dose-dependently reduced the immobility time (control 192 +/- 14 s, UFP-101 91 +/- 15 s). The effect of 3 or 10 nmol UFP-101 was fully or partially reversed, respectively, by the coadministration of 1 nmol N/OFQ, which was inactive per se. NOP receptor knockout mice showed a reduced immobility time compared with their wild-type littermates (wild-type 215 +/- 10 s, knockout 143 +/- 12 s). Moreover, i.c.v. injected UFP-101 (10 nmol) significantly reduced immobility time in wild-type mice but not in NOP receptor knockout animals. In conclusion, these results, obtained using a combined pharmacological and genetic approach, indicate that blockade of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor signalling in the brain produces antidepressant-like effects in the mouse FST. These findings support the NOP receptor as a candidate target for the development of innovative antidepressant drugs.
Primate homologues of rat TGN38: primary structure, expression and functional implications (1996)

cDNAs encoding the human and macaque homologues of rat TGN38 have been cloned and sequenced. The proteins have a highly conserved N terminus (comprising the signal peptide) and C terminus (comprising part of the lumenal domain, the membrane spanning region and cytoplasmic tail) but vary in the other part of the lumenal domain, which contains the repeat region. Whereas rat TGN38 contains 6 tandem repeats of an 8mer, both primate proteins possess 14 tandem repeats of a 14mer sequence. The human protein, like rat TGN38, is localised primarily to the TGN but is present on the cell surface and returns via endosomes. This behaviour is consistent with conservation of the membrane spanning region and the cytoplasmic tail, which contain the retention and retrieval signals, respectively, for localisation in the TGN. The unexpected differences in the lumenal domain can best be rationalised by the fact that both types of repeat domains have most of the properties of mucins. We suggest that TGN38 homologues are mucin-like molecules that regulate membrane traffic to and from the TGN.
Improving the temporal resolution of functional MR imaging using keyhole techniques (1996)

Using a keyhole technique, it is shown that the data acquisition rate of gradient-echo imaging for functional MRI (fMRI) studies can be increased substantially. The resulting enhancement of the temporal resolution of fMRIs was accomplished without modifying the hardware of a conventional MRI system. High spatial resolution fMRI images were first collected with conventional full k-space acquisition and image reconstruction. Using the same data set, simulation reconstruction using the keyhole principle and zero-padding were performed for comparison with the full k-space reconstruction. No significant changes were found for fMRI images generated from the keyhole technique with a data sharing profile of 50% of the k-space. As k-space data sharing profiles increased to 75 and 87.5%, the keyhole fMRI images began to show only modest changes in activation intensity and area compared with the standard images. In contrast, zero-padding fMRI images produced a significant disparity both in activation intensity and area relative to the truly high-resolution fMRI images. The keyhole technique's ability to retain the intensity and area of fMRI information, while substantially reducing acquisition time, makes it a promising method for fMRI studies.
U-Net for Multi-Organ Segmentation of SPECT Projection Data (2020)

In this work we investigate the usage of deep learning techniques on SPECT data solving a multi-organ segmentation problem. We extract projections from 21 Lu-177 MELP SPECT scans and obtain the corresponding ground truth labels from the accompanied CT scans by forward-projection of 3D CT organ segmentations. We train a U-Net to predict the area of the kidney, spleen, liver, and background seen in the projection data, using a weighted dice loss between prediction and target labels to account for class imbalance. With our method we achieved a mean dice coefficient of 72 % on the test set, encouraging us to perform further experiments using the U-Net.
External quality assurance of HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation testing: results of a UK NEQAS pilot scheme (2006)

The results of three consecutive runs show that both reference laboratories and a proportion of routine clinical diagnostic (about 25%) centres can consistently achieve acceptable quality control of HER2 testing. Data from a significant proportion of participating laboratories show that further steps are required, including those taken via review of performance under schemes such as NEQAS, to improve quality of HER2 testing by FISH in the "real world".
Comparison of the TEMPO+ Ear-Level Speech Processor and the CIS PRO+ Body-Worn Processor in Adult MED-EL Cochlear Implant Users (2001)

A study was conducted to compare the new MED-EL TEMPO+ ear-level speech processor with the CIS PRO+ body-worn processor in the COMBI 40/COMBI 40+ implant system. Speech tests were performed in 46 experienced subjects in two test sessions approximately 4 weeks apart. Subjects were switched over from the CIS PRO+ to the TEMPO+ in the first session and used only the TEMPO+ in the time between the two sessions. Speech tests included monosyllabic word tests and sentence tests via the telephone. An adaptive noise method was used to adjust each subject's scores to approximately 50%. Additionally, subjects had to complete a questionnaire based on their 4 weeks of experience with the TEMPO+. The speech test results showed a statistically significant improvement in the monosyllabic word scores with the TEMPO+. In addition, in the second session, subjects showed a significant improvement when using the telephone with the TEMPO+, indicating some learning in this task. In the questionnaire, the vast majority of subjects found that the TEMPO+ allows equal or better speech understanding and rated the sound quality of the TEMPO+ higher. All these objective and subjective results indicate the superiority of the TEMPO+ and are mainly attributed to a new coding strategy called CIS+ and its implementation in the TEMPO+. In other words, based on the results of this study, it appears that after switching over from the CIS PRO+ to the TEMPO+, subjects are able to maintain or even improve their own speech understanding capability.
Experience with Cyclosporine and Steroids in Clinical Renal Transplantation (1984)

We have reviewed the results of patient survival and transplant function of the last 100 recipients of renal allografts treated with cyclosporine (CyA) plus low-dose steroids since November 1981; the follow-up varies between 3 months and 2 years. A group of 56 individuals transplanted between January 1980 and October 1982 and immunosuppressed with azathioprine (Aza) and steroids were used as comparison. There were five deaths among 100 patients treated with CyA and two among 56 treated with Aza. There were, however, marked differences in allograft function. Using actuarial curves, 2-year allograft survival from 24 living, related, one haplotype matched donors was 83%, as compared to an unsatisfactory 60% graft function among 24 nonrandomized, comparable, Aza-treated recipients. The 2-year actuarial survival of 76 allografts from cadaver donors was 76%; that of 36 grafts in patients treated with Aza, 48%. Interestingly, function of first cadaver allografts was 84% at 2 years, far better (p less than 0.002) than cadaver graft function (58%) in patients who had been previously transplanted; these latter results are comparable to Aza-treated cadaver recipients. Side effects and complications of this difficult drug, as well as its benefits, have been stressed in this article.
Segmentação por Limiarização de Macroblocos e Data-filling Iterativo para Compressão de Documentos Compostos Utilizando o H.264 (2008)

The Mixed Raster Content (MRC) ITU document compression standard (T.44) specifies a multi-layer representation of a compound document. It is expected that higher compression can be achieved if more efficient pre-processing and compression algorithms are used. In this paper we propose using a macroblock-based segmentation algorithm to decompose the original document into three layers (Foreground, Background and mask). The proposed framework also uses an iterative waveletbased data-filling algorithm. Background and Foreground layers are compressed using H.264/AVC operating in INTRA mode. JBIG2 is used to encode the binary mask. The result is an unrivaled performance for compressing compound documents as demonstrated by our experiments.
Automatic Hexahedral Mesh Generation System with Element Distortion Control Capability. (1996)

This paper describes an interactive FEA (finite element analysis) mesh refinement technique in an automatic hexahedral mesh generation system based on the shape recognition technique and boundary-fit method. In this system, a solid model is analyzed, and cubes are put together to construct a corresponding mapping model. Hexahedral meshes are then generated by mapping the cubes onto the solid model. If users are not satisfied with the automatic mesh generation results, they can remake the intermediate models interactively. Furthermore, if this system fails to construct the intermediate models automatically, users can interactively aid its construction. The advantages of this technique are: (1) more types of solid models can be meshed, and (2) users can direct the creation of higher quality meshes.
Effect of Pulsed Substrate Bias on Film Properties of SiO2 Deposited by Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (2010)

A high-quality SiO 2 film was successfully achieved at a temperature of 150 °C by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) with a bipolar pulsed bias applied to a substrate. When the SiO 2 film was deposited without the pulsed substrate bias, its density rapidly decreased and its insulating property deteriorated. However, its densification was enhanced and its insulating property was improved by the pulsed substrate bias even though the deposition rate increased. A leakage current of less than 10.0 nA/cm 2 and a breakdown voltage of 5.2 MV/cm at 1.0 µA/cm 2 were obtained at a temperature of 150 °C with a deposition rate of 18.0 nm/min.
A multipath framework for UDP traffic over heterogeneous access networks (2019)

More and more of today's devices are multi-homing capable, in
particular 3GPP user equipment like smartphones. In the current
standardization of the next upcoming mobile network generation 5G
Rel.16, this is especially targeted in the study group Access Traffic
Steering Switching Splitting [TR23.793]. ATSSS describes the flexible
selection or combination of 3GPP untrusted access like Wi-Fi and
cellular access, overcoming the single-access limitation of today's
devices and services. Another multi-connectivity scenario is the
Hybrid Access [I-D.lhwxz-hybrid-access-network-architecture][I-D.
muley-network-based-bonding-hybrid-access], providing multiple access
for CPEs, which extends the traditional way of single access
connectivity at home to dual-connectivity over 3GPP and fixed access.
A missing piece in the ATSSS and Hybrid Access is the access and path
measurement, which is required for efficient and beneficial traffic
steering decisions. This becomes particularly important in
heterogeneous access networks with a multitude of volatile access
paths. While MP-TCP has been proposed to be used within ATSSS, there
are drawbacks when being used to encapsulate unreliable traffic as it
blindly retransmits each lost frame leading to excessive delay and
potential head-of-line blocking. A decision for MP-TCP though leaves
the increasing share of UDP in today's traffic mix
( ) unconsidered. In this document, a
multi-access framework is proposed leveraging the MP-DCCP network
protocol, which enables flexible traffic steering, switching and
splitting also for unreliable traffic. A benefit is the support for
pluggable congestion control which enables our framework to be used
either independent or complementary to MP-TCP.
Exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles increases Staphylococcus aureus infection of HeLa cells (2016)

In combination, these two factors raise serious concerns regarding the impact of exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles on the ability of organisms to resist bacterial infection.
An automated data structure migration concept &#x2014; From CAN to Ethernet/IP in automotive embedded systems (CANoverIP) (2011)

In premium vehicles, the number of distributed comfort-, safety-, and infotainment-related functions is steadily increasing. For this reason, the requirements for the underlying communication architecture are also becoming stronger. In addition, the diversity of todays deployed communication technologies and the need for higher bandwidths complicate the design of future network architectures. Ethernet and IP, both standardized and widely used, could be one solution to homogenize communication architectures and to provide higher bandwidths. This paper focuses on a migration concept for replacing todays employed CAN-buses by Ethernet/IP-based networks. It highlights several concepts to minimize the protocol header overhead by using EA- and rule-based algorithms and presents migration results for currently deployed automotive CAN subnetworks.
Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony and cardiac function in patients with different pacing modes using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: Comparison with tissue Doppler imaging (2013)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) and left ventricular dysfunction of patients in AAI, DDD and VVI pacing modes using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). The results from the RT3DE and TDI were subsequently compared. Twenty patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) who had undergone the implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker were enrolled in this study and the pacemakers were programmed to AAI, DDD and VVI modes, sequentially. The RT3DE and TDI parameters were obtained following pacing for 24 h in each mode. With RT3DE, we measured the systolic dyssynchrony indices, including Tmsv<sub>16</sub>-SD%, Tmsv<sub>12</sub>-SD%, Tmsv<sub>6</sub>-SD%, Tmsv<sub>16</sub>-Dif%, Tmsv<sub>12</sub>-Dif% and Tmsv<sub>6</sub>-Dif%, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), respectively. With TDI, we measured the standard deviation and the maximal difference in time from the QRS onset to the peak systolic velocity for 12 left ventricular myocardial segments, i.e. Ts-SD and Ts-Dif, respectively. The results showed that the Tmsv<sub>16</sub>-SD% and Ts-SD in the AAI mode were significantly lower than those in the DDD and VVI modes (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences between the DDD and VVI modes (P>0.05). The LVEF in the AAI, DDD and VVI modes was 63.1±8.9, 58.6±11.2 and 57.9±7.6%, respectively (P>0.05). There were negative correlations between the LVEF and Tmsv<sub>16</sub>-SD% (r, -0.651; P<0.001) and Ts-SD (r, -0.649; P<0.0001). A moderate correlation (r, 0.698; P<0.0001) was observed between Tmsv<sub>16</sub>-SD% and Ts-SD. The concordance rate between Tmsv<sub>16</sub>-SD% and Ts-SD for detecting LVMD was 76%. This study showed that DDD and VVI pacing modes induced significant LVMD and a reduction in LVEF, unlike the AAI pacing mode. RT3DE and TDI were capable of objectively evaluating LVMD; however, each method had certain faults. At present, there is a lack of a uniform standard for assessing LVMD; therefore, the use of a variety of techniques and indices is necessary in order to comprehensively evaluate LVMD in patients with different cardiac pacing modes.
Large, thin, flexible and low-cost light emitting surfaces (2007)

Solid State Lighting is becoming increasingly more advanced, both in terms of lumen output as well as energy efficiency. At the same time, packages emitting enough lumens for lighting applications are decreasing in size. This smaller packaging enables several new applications. In this paper we will discuss one of these new applications: low cost, large, flexible and very thin light emitting surfaces. Our approach consists of using very thin transparent lightguides. Due to their limited thickness, these lightguides are quite flexible. Tiny low power, side-emitting LEDs are used to couple light into these lightguides. A carefully calculated outcoupling structure ensures light is coupled out uniformly. Although this general principle is known, some aspects are new to our approach. The flexibility of our thin lightguides can be very useful for numerous lighting applications; a radius of curvature of just a few centimeters is easily obtained, while still maintaining good outcoupling and uniformity. Furthermore, we show that for several geometries, a perfect homogeneous brightness can only be obtained using a precise pattern and density distribution of outcoupling structures.