gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
γ-Interferon Production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes From Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients: Correlation With the Presence of Human Herpesvirus-8 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Lesional Macrophages (1998)

Evidence indicates that, at least in the early stage, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a cytokine-mediated disease and that it is consistently associated with a novel herpesvirus termed human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). To gain insights into the mechanisms by which cytokines and HHV-8 may cooperate in disease pathogenesis, we examined the phenotype, the Th1 (γ-interferon [γIFN]) and Th2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]) cytokine profile and the presence of HHV-8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and spindle cell cultures derived from skin lesions of patients affected by classical KS (C-KS) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated KS (AIDS-KS). TIL and spindle cell cultures were examined at day 0 or after culture in conditioned media from activated T cells (TCM) that contain the same cytokines increased in KS tissues. No differences were found in the immunophenotype of PBMC from C-KS patients versus controls, except for AIDS-KS patients who showed a T-CD8+ expansion. However, a preferential infiltration of T-CD8+ cells was found in all KS lesions examined, which was maintained after culture of TIL in TCM. γIFN production was found in both PBMC and cultures derived from all KS examined; some IL-4 positive supernatants were found only in three AIDS-KS cases. Uninvolved skin did not show appreciable lymphocyte infiltration or cytokine production. The culture conditions of the lesional skin allowed also the appearance of adherent, spindle-like cells bearing markers of tissue macrophages. Finally, most or all of the PBMC, lesions, and macrophagic cell cultures from the skin lesions were found to be positive for HHV-8 infection by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These findings indicate that patients with KS express a Th1 phenotype with a prevalent γIFN production, likely accounted for by the local T-CD8+ infiltration. By analogy with other viral infections (ie, Epstein-Barr virus), this suggests that in loco recruitment of lymphoid cells and the subsequent γIFN production may be in response to or elicited by HHV-8 that was found in both PBMC and macrophagic cell cultures from the lesions of the same patients.
More Comments on IV Filter Debate (1988)

Frankly, an exchange of letters in your September 1987 issue' and the Product Commentary concerned seem to cloud important issues more than clarify them.Brief mention is made of studies, and inferences are drawn without detailed summary of supportive evidence from those studies.Considerable attention is drawn to the report by Quercia et al,' in which a highly sensitive method is used to detect contamination of IV administration sets containing real or blank filter cartridges.The study is doubleblinded and stated to be randomized, although the method of random assignment is not provided.It purports to support a conclusion that IV filters could be supplied to all 1CU patients in that center for an annual cost of approximately $5,700 versus annual treatment costs of $168,000 for currently unprevented septicemic episodes.However, it is difficult to interpret the data of Quercia et al for several reasons.First, on what basis can one assume that all bacteremias detected during the study were attributable to the IV sets?Thirteen episodes were detected; the authors state that five of ten invol\,ed blank filterset patients with blood culture isolate(s) matching their filterset isolate(s).What of the other five?"The microorganisms isolated from the blood of the remaining bacteremic patients with blank filtersets were the same as those isolated from other contaminated f-iltersets."'I-his finding suggests a definite lack of concordance, complicated by an absence of clear data stratification in 2 x 2 tables and/or statistical analysis.If one generously assumes that all bacteremic episodes were IV-attributable, then a statistically significant relationship (by Fisher's exact test) is dem-
Dielectric Properties of Reduced Heterogeneous Silica–Titania Glasses (2010)

We have studied the frequency and temperature dependences of the dielectric properties of a heterogeneous silica–titania (SiO 2 –TiO 2 ) glass by ac impedance spectroscopy measurements in the temperature range 25–700°C and the frequency range 40–10 7 Hz. The heterogeneous glass was prepared by the controlled heat treatment of a homogenous SiO 2 –TiO 2 glass, containing ∼7.5 wt% TiO 2 , in a reducing atmosphere to create a microstructure consisting of many discrete particles of the rutile/anatase TiO 2 phase dispersed in a homogeneous SiO 2 ‐rich glassy matrix. Unlike the homogeneous SiO 2 –TiO 2 glass, which exhibited only one electrical/dielectric dispersion, presumably due to ion hopping, the heterogeneous glass material exhibited two distinct electrical responses in the impedance formalism. We attributed these contributions to the two‐phase microstructure and explained the dielectric behavior in terms of the Maxwell–Wagner relaxation arising at the interfaces between the TiO 2 crystals and the SiO 2 ‐rich matrix phase.
Shiga toxins decrease enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia colisurvival withinAcanthamoeba castellanii (2013)

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are zoonotic pathogens transmitted to humans through contaminated water or bovine products. One of the strategies used by pathogenic bacteria to survive in aquatic environments is using free-living amoebae as hosts. Acanthamoeba castellanii is an amoeba known to host several waterborne pathogens. This study investigates the survival of EHEC with A. castellanii, which could contribute to its spread and transmission to humans. We used a gentamicin protection assay as well as fluorescence and electron microscopy to monitor the intra-amoebae survival of EHEC O157:H7 over 24 h. The results showed that EHEC were able to survive within A. castellanii and that this survival was reduced by Shiga toxins (Stx) produced by EHEC. A toxic effect mediated by Stx was demonstrated by amoebae mortality and LDH release during co-culture of EHEC and amoeba. This work describes the ability of EHEC to survive within A. castellanii, and this host-pathogen interaction is partially controlled by the Stx. Thus, this ubiquitous amoeba could represent an environmental niche for EHEC survival and transmission.
A mouse tissue atlas of small non-coding RNA (2018)

SUMMARY Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in a broad range of biological processes both in health and disease. A comprehensive quantitative reference of small ncRNA expression would significantly advance our understanding of ncRNA roles in shaping tissue functions. Here, we systematically profiled the levels of five ncRNA classes (miRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, scaRNA and tRNA fragments) across eleven mouse tissues by deep sequencing. Using fourteen biological replicates spanning both sexes, we identified that ~ 30% of small ncRNAs are distributed across the body in a tissue-specific manner with some are also being sexually dimorphic. We found that miRNAs are subject to “arm switching” between healthy tissues and that tRNA fragments are retained within tissues in both a gene- and a tissue-specific manner. Out of eleven profiled tissues we confirmed that brain contains the largest number of unique small ncRNA transcripts, some of which were previously annotated while others are identified for the first time in this study. Furthermore, by combining these findings with single-cell ATAC-seq data, we were able to connect identified brain-specific ncRNA with their cell types of origin. These results yield the most comprehensive characterization of specific and ubiquitous small RNAs in individual murine tissues to date, and we expect that this data will be a resource for the further identification of ncRNAs involved in tissue-function in health and dysfunction in disease. HIGHLIGHTS - An atlas of tissue levels of multiple small ncRNA classes generated from 14 biological replicates of both sexes across 11 tissues - Distinct distribution patterns of miRNA arms and tRNA fragments across tissues suggest the existence of tissue-specific mechanisms of ncRNA cleavage and retention - miRNA expression is sex specific in healthy tissues - Small RNA-seq and scATAC-seq data integration produce a detailed map of cell-type specific ncRNA profiles in the mouse brain
Surveillance and control of meningococcal meningitis epidemics in refugee populations. (1990)

Epidemics of communicable diseases pose a direct threat to refugee and internally displaced populations, and could lead to high mortality rates and a disruption of basic health care services. Several large refugee populations live in regions of high meningococcal disease endemicity and their camps are at risk for outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis. Surveillance in these camps allows early detection and control of impending outbreaks. Confirmation of meningococcal disease can be performed under field conditions using simple techniques, such as latex agglutination. Isolates should be obtained for serogroup confirmation and antibiotic sensitivity studies at reference laboratories. Serogroup information is used to determine the risk of widespread epidemic disease and the utility of available vaccines. During epidemics, treatment regimens should be standardized, preferably with an effective single-dose antibiotic. Mass vaccination campaigns should be initiated, the populations at high risk being targeted for vaccination as quickly as possible. When the risk of epidemic disease is deemed to be high, preemptive vaccination may be warranted. Daily surveillance using a simple case definition is essential during an epidemic to determine the effectiveness of control measures and to delineate high-risk groups for vaccination or chemoprophylaxis. Many of these recommendations can be applied also to other populations in developing countries.
The effect of carbon sources and lactate dehydrogenase deletion on 1,2-propanediol production in Escherichia coli (2003)

In previous studies, we showed that cofactor manipulations can potentially be used as a tool in metabolic engineering. In this study, sugars similar to glucose, that can feed into glycolysis and pyruvate production, but with different oxidation states, were used as substrates. This provided a simple way of testing the effect of manipulating the NADH/NAD+ ratio or the availability of NADH on the metabolic patterns of Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions and on the production of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), which requires NADH for its synthesis. Production of 1,2-PD was achieved by overexpressing the two enzymes methylglyoxal synthase from Clostridium acetobutylicum and glycerol dehydrogenase from E. coli. In addition, the effect of eliminating a pathway competing for NADH by using a ldh(-) strain (without lactate dehydrogenase activity) on the production of 1,2-PD was investigated. The oxidation state of the carbon source significantly affected the yield of metabolites, such as ethanol, acetate and lactate. However, feeding a more reduced carbon source did not increase the yield of 1,2-PD. The production of 1,2-PD with glucose as the carbon source was improved by the incorporation of a ldh(-) mutation. The results of these experiments indicate that our current 1,2-PD production system is not limited by NADH, but rather by the pathways following the formation of methylglyoxal.
Preload Dependence of the Time Interval between Onsets of Mitral Inflow and Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity: A Study in Healthy Subjects (2007)

The time interval (TEa-E) between onsets of early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Ea) and early mitral inflow velocity (E) has been proposed as a new index of left ventricular (LV) relaxation. We aimed to assess the influence of preload changes on this parameter by examining 25 healthy volunteers at rest, after passive leg lifting, and after administration of nitroglycerin combined with Valsalva maneuver. To obtain septal and lateral TEa-E, the time intervals between peak R-wave on electrocardiogram and the onsets of Ea and E were measured in different cardiac cycles. E and Ea were significantly changed by preload manipulations. We did not observe significant changes of TEa-E intervals after leg lifting or after nitroglycerin administration combined with Valsalva maneuver (P = NS). TEa-E was < 0 ms in several subjects using either septal or lateral Ea recordings. We conclude that TEa-E may be load independent in subjects with normal LV systolic and diastolic function as compared to other Doppler parameters. Therefore, this index could be potentially used as a reliable noninvasive parameter of LV relaxation. Nevertheless, even slight differences in cardiac cycle lengths might influence the measurements of TEa-E interval. For that reason, the clinical use of TEa-E seems to be significantly limited because of a wide margin of error in its measurement due to the inability to obtain Doppler recordings during the same cardiac cycle.
Fabrication of Multifunctional Optical I/O via Imprint Lithography (2004)

A fabrication method is described to form high aspect ratio, complex structures. This fabrication method combines nanoimprint lithography and photolithography together, to produce macroscale features with microscale structures on them in a sequential process, with one ultraviolet exposure step and no transfer layers. The imprint step used a prefabricated stamp to directly emboss the photosensitive polymer prior to ultraviolet exposure without affecting the photosensitivity of the polymer. A temporary glass layer was deposited over the imprinted structure to preserve the fine features so that the large-scale photodefinition process could be completed. Avatrel 2090P was photodefined with diffractive grating features on top of polymer pillars. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Batch and Flow Asymmetric Catalysis for the Synthesis of Chiral Active Pharmaceutical Compounds (2018)

Continuous-flow systems have emerged as a powerful technology for performing chemical transformations and have recently attracted attention also for the preparation of chiral APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients).
Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus to a Hydrophobic Biomaterial (1985)

The relative surface charge and hydrophobicity of 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis showed large variations. For this species no relationship between the two surface parameters was found. A highly negative surface charge was observed in all seven encapsulated strains (one S. epidermidis and six Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains). The adhesion of the staphylococci to fluorinated polyethylene-propylene films was not related to the relative surface charge and the hydrophobicity of the bacteria. On films pre-exposed to human plasma, the bacterial adhesion was substantially reduced. Mechanisms involved in the adhesion of coagulase-negative staphylococci to this biomaterial are discussed.
Traveling solvent floating zone growth and anisotropic ionic conductivity of Li<i><sub>x</sub></i>La<sub>(1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i><sub>)/3</sub>TaO<sub>3</sub> single crystals (2023)

In this study, single crystals of double-perovskite-type oxide LixLa(1−x)/3TaO3 (LLTaO) were successfully grown using the traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) method. The Ta-rich phase, which was precipitated in the crystals, was grown via the conventional floating zone (FZ) growth process, indicating that LLTaO behaved as an incongruent melt. For the TSFZ growth for solvents with a LiTa3O8 composition of 8 %, which is less than the LLTaO (x = 0.18) stoichiometric composition, the black grown crystals were homogeneous and crack-free, with a typical size of approximately 20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter. The grown crystals turned colorless and transparent after being left overnight in the air at room temperature (about 25 °C). The Li concentration in the grown crystals was determined to be x = 0.086(1). This value is lower than the nominal composition (x = 0.18) of the feed owing to Li evaporation during the crystal growth. The ionic conductivities of the grown crystals along [110] and [001] were 2.8 × 10−5 and 1.8 × 10−5 S·cm−1, respectively. The anisotropic parameter was determined to be 1.56 indicating that the ionic conductivity along the ab-plane is higher than that along the c-axis. Furthermore, the calculated activation energies along [110] and [001] were 0.29 and 0.34 eV, respectively.
A 56GHz LC-tank VCO with 17% tuning range in 65nm bulk CMOS for wireless HDMI applications (2009)

A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with 56 GHz central frequency and 17% tuning range is presented. The oscillation frequency is tuned both by an analog input and a three-bit digital control bus using the same type of differential varactors. It achieves a record FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> (considering tuning range) of 186.8 dBc/Hz and it is able to address the full wireless HDMI band. The VCO is implemented in a 65 nm bulk CMOS process and dissipates 15 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Silicates doped with luminescent ions: useful tools for optical imaging applications (2009)

Fluorescence is increasingly used for in vivo imaging and has provided remarkable results. Howerver this technique presents several limitations, especially due to tissue autofluorescence under external illumination and weak tissue penetration of low wavelength excitation light. We have developed an alternative optical imaging technique using persistent luminescent nanoparticles suitable for small animal imaging. These nanoparticles can be excited before the injection, and their in vivo distribution can be followed in real-time for several hours. Chemical modifications of their surface is possible leading to lung or liver targeting, or to long-lasting blood circulation.
Generating text search applications for databases (2003)

To develop reusable domain-based assets, the author shows how to connect a domain analysis tool's output to a program generator and then to a domain implementation's input. The generator he built using Java, XML, and Oracle tools can produce code for JSP, PL/SQL, and PSP. This domain engineering research project demonstrated that it is possible to successfully implement software product lines in industrial environments using existing tools.
Jacalin: A new laboratory tool in immunochemistry and cellular immunology (1989)

In recent years, a new lectin--jacalin--has raised the interest of immunologists because of its original properties with respect to human immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. Its structure and carbohydrate binding specificity are now well documented, and it can be purified easily from jackfruit seeds by ion exchange or affinity chromatography. The binding and precipitating specificities of jacalin with heavy chains of human immunoglobulins allow its use as a diagnostic (IgA subclass typing) and preparative tool (purification of IgA and IgD, removal of IgA from biologic samples and preparations). Other possible applications of jacalin's binding properties also can be envisaged. In addition, the lectin displays a mitogenic activity specific for human CD4 T-lymphocytes; consequently, the proliferative response induced by jacalin appears to represent a new and interesting assay for a functional study of CD4 cells, with obvious applications in primary and acquired, especially AIDS, immune deficiency states.
Studies on the molecular packing of mixed dispersions of Triton X-100 and sphingomyelin and its dependence on temperature and cloud point (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the molecular packing of mixed dispersions of Triton X-100 and sphingomyelin and its dependence on temperature and cloud pointDov Lichtenberg, Saul Yedgar, Gerald Cooper, and Shimon GattCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 12, 2574–2582Publication Date (Print):June 12, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00579a022https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00579a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Pd-Catalyzed C–N Coupling Reactions Facilitated by Organic Bases: Mechanistic Investigation Leads to Enhanced Reactivity in the Arylation of Weakly Binding Amines (2019)

The ability to use soluble organic amine bases in Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions has provided a long-awaited solution to the many issues associated with employing traditional, heterogeneous reaction conditions. However, little is known about the precise function of these bases in the catalytic cycle and about the effect of variations in base structure on catalyst reactivity. We used <sup>19</sup>F NMR to analyze the kinetic behavior of C-N coupling reactions facilitated by different organic bases. In the case of aniline coupling reactions employing DBU, the resting state was a DBU-bound oxidative addition complex, LPd(DBU)(Ar)X, and the reaction was found to be inhibited by base. In general, however, depending on the binding properties of the chosen organic base, increased concentration of the base can have a positive or negative influence on the reaction rate. Furthermore, the electronic nature of the aryl triflate employed in the reaction directly affects the reaction rate. The fastest reaction rates were observed with electronically neutral aryl triflates, while the slowest were observed with highly electron-rich and -deficient substrates. We propose a model in which the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle depends on the relative nucleophilicity of the base compared to that of the amine. This hypothesis guided the discovery of new reaction conditions for the coupling of weakly binding amines, including secondary aryl amines, which were unreactive nucleophiles in our original protocol.