gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering bone-forming biohybrid sheets through the integration of melt electrowritten membranes and cartilaginous microspheroids (2022)

Bone fractures are one of the most common traumatic large-organ injuries and although many fractures can heal on their own, 2-12% of fractures are slow healing or do not heal (non-unions). Autologous grafts are currently used for treatment of non-unions but are associated with limited healthy bone tissue. Tissue engineered cell-based products have promise for an alternative treatment method. It was previously demonstrated that cartilaginous microspheroids of periosteum-derived cells could be assembled into scaffold-free constructs and heal murine critically-sized long bone defects (non-unions). However, the handleability of such scaffold-free implants can be compromised when scaling-up. In this work, cartilaginous spheroids were combined with melt electrowritten (MEW) meshes to create an engineered cell-based implant, able to induce in vivo bone formation. MEW polycaprolactone meshes were tailored to contain pores (116 ± 28 µm) of a size that captured microspheroids (180 ± 15 µm). Periosteum-derived microspheroids pre-cultured for 4 days, were seeded on MEW meshes and gene expression analysis demonstrated up-regulation of chondrogenic (SOX9, COL2) and prehypertrophic (VEGF) gene markers after 14 days, creating a biohybrid sheet. When implanted subcutaneously (4 weeks), the biohybrid sheets mineralized (23 ± 3% MV/TV) and formed bone and bone marrow. Bone formation was also observed when implanted in a murine critically-sized long bone defect, though a high variation between samples was detected. The high versatility of this biofabrication approach lies in the possibility to tailor the scaffolds to shape and dimensions corresponding to the large bone defects and the individual patient using robust bone forming building blocks. These strategies are instrumental in the development of personalized regenerative therapies with predictive clinical outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Successful treatments for healing of large long bone defects are still limited and 2-12% of fractures do not heal properly. We combined a novel biofabrication technique: melt electrowriting (MEW), with robust biology: bone forming cartilaginous spheroids to create biohybrid sheets able to form bone upon implantation. MEW enabled the fabrication of scaffolds with micrometer-sized fibers in defined patterns which allowed the capturing of and merging with cartilaginous spheroids which had the potency to mature into bone via the developmental process of endochondral ossification. The present study contributes to the rapidly growing field of "Biofabrication with Spheroid and Organoid Materials'' and demonstrates design considerations that are of great importance for biofabrication of functional tissues through the assembly of cellular spheroids.
High-Contrast 3D Surface Topographic Imaging With Near Wavelength-Limited Resolution Using Ptychography (2015)

We achieve high-contrast, 3D surface topographic imaging with a lateral resolution of 1.3λ and with 6Å axial precision using ptychographic coherent diffraction imaging and a high-harmonic source at 30nm.
Automatic Resource Mapping Using Functional Block Based Disaggregation Model for ROADM Networks (2020)

Automated mapping of real hardware composition onto a ROADM-based model is demonstrated. The functional-block-based model precisely describing the physical layer structures can act as a hardware abstraction layer for more abstracted models like OpenROADM.
Synthesis of 4,4′‐Disubstituted Azepines via Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reaction and Asymmetric Arylation of Lactones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comparison of Run-to-Run Control Methods in Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes (2000)

Run-to Run (RtR) control plays an important role in semiconductor manufacturing. In this paper, RtR control methods are generalized. The set-valued RtR controllers with ellipsoidapproximation are compared with other RtR controllers bysimulation according to the following criteria: A good RtR controller should be able to compensate for variousdisturbances, such as process drifts, process shifts (step disturbance)and model errors; moreover, it should beable to deal with limitations, bounds, cost requirement, multipletargets and time delays that are often encountered in realprocesses. Preliminary results show the good performance of the set-valued RtRcontroller. Furthermore, this paper shows that it is insufficient to uselinear models to approximate nonlinear processes and it is necessary to developnonlinear model based RtR controllers.
Laforin is a cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein tyrosine phosphatase (2001)

Lafora disease (LD) is the only progressive myoclonus epilepsy with polyglucosan bodies. Among conditions with polyglucosan bodies, LD is unique for the subcellular location of its polyglucosans in neuronal perikarya and dendrites and not in axons. Here we report that the protein encoded by the EPM2A gene, which is mutated in LD, localizes at the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum and that it is a functional protein tyrosine phosphatase. The significance of these findings in the epilepsy of LD and in the origin and characteristic subcellular location of Lafora bodies is discussed. Ann Neurol 2001;49:271–275
NMR Characterization of Elastomer−Carbon Black Interactions (2004)

Here we report the application of two-dimensional NMR double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy to characterize the interactions between components in biphasic, heterogeneous media. The method was applied to model systems of carbon black reinforced rubber. The presence of filler particles induces local susceptibility fields while a local partial ordering of the elastomer at the surface prevents the complete averaging of the dipolar interaction. The separation of susceptibility and dipolar interactions allows for the direct observation of three elastomer components near the surface of filler particles: (1) encapsulated, (2) ordered surface layer, and (3) unordered layer near the surface. The NMR method permits one to quantify the amounts of elastomer in each of these regions and to estimate the thickness of the surface component. The method is applied to study several rubber samples for which the carbon black particle size distributions were determined from scanning electron microscopy measurements. For these samples the length scale of the surface elastomer component is estimated, and it is shown that the encapsulated elastomer is most probably located between the graphitic plates of the filler particles rather than in the space between adjacent particles.
Deceiving Google’s Cloud Video Intelligence API Built for Summarizing Videos (2017)

Despite the rapid progress of the techniques for image classification, video annotation has remained a challenging task. Automated video annotation would be a breakthrough technology, enabling users to search within the videos. Recently, Google introduced the Cloud Video Intelligence API for video analysis. As per the website, the system can be used to “separate signal from noise, by retrieving relevant information at the video, shot or per frame” level. A demonstration website has been also launched, which allows anyone to select a video for annotation. The API then detects the video labels (objects within the video) as well as shot labels (description of the video events over time). In this paper, we examine the usability of the Google's Cloud Video Intelligence API in adversarial environments. In particular, we investigate whether an adversary can subtly manipulate a video in such a way that the API will return only the adversary-desired labels. For this, we select an image, which is different from the video content, and insert it, periodically and at a very low rate, into the video. We found that if we insert one image every two seconds, the API is deceived into annotating the video as if it only contained the inserted image. Note that the modification to the video is hardly noticeable as, for instance, for a typical frame rate of 25, we insert only one image per 50 video frames. We also found that, by inserting one image per second, all the shot labels returned by the API are related to the inserted image. We perform the experiments on the sample videos provided by the API demonstration website and show that our attack is successful with different videos and images.
Surgery for shoulder osteoarthritis (2010)

Total shoulder arthroplasty seems to offer an advantage in terms of shoulder function, with no other clinical benefits over hemiarthroplasty. More studies are needed to compare clinical outcomes of surgery using different components and techniques in patients with osteoarthritis of the shoulder. There is a need for studies comparing shoulder surgery to sham, placebo and other non-surgical treatment options.
Ion Velocity Characterization of the 12.5-kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System Engineering Hall Thruster (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3432.vid During development testing of the 12.5-kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System engineering unit Hall thruster, which is magnetically shielded, a laser-induced fluorescence test was performed. During this test, a third medium-energy ion population was found near the inner front pole cover in addition to two low-energy counter-streaming ion populations that were found in previous testing. This newly found ion population matched in characteristics with the single population found near the outer front pole cover. The measured characteristics of the medium-energy ions matched the behavior expected of them if they were energized by a plasma wave with magnetized electrons, such as a lower hybrid wave. Comparison of the data from this test to prior tests showed that this engineering thruster had very similar ion characteristics as the precursor laboratory thruster. The acceleration zone was found to move upstream with increasing background pressure, decreasing anode flow rate, and increasing magnetic field strength. For the low-energy ions, the energy of the ions arriving at the inner pole did not vary noticeably with background pressure but did increase with increasing magnetic field strength and decreasing anode flow rate. For the medium-energy ions, the energy of the ions increased with decreasing background pressure, decreasing anode flow rate, and increasing magnetic field strength. Testing at different cathode flow fraction showed that the energy of the low-energy ions from the cathode decreased with increasing cathode flow.
Pulse and DC Electropolishing of Stainless Steel for Stents and Other Devices (2006)

This paper describes optimized conditions for the electropolishing of austenitic type 304 and 316L stainless steels in commercially-available EPS 4000 solution (based on a mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acids) for use in cardiac stenting applications. Electropolishing parameters such as electrolyte temperature and concentration, current density, polishing duration, use of pulsed current and ultrasonic agitation have been explored and optimal conditions have been found. Quality of the polishing was determined on the average surface roughness, amount of thickness reduction, and overall surface appearance. Samples polished in an ultrasonic bath with pulsed currents of 50 Hz, and 60degC achieved the lowest surface roughness with little or no evidence of surface defects which were present in other recipes. Similar results were seen in both types 304 and 316L stainless steels
Towards Throughput Aware and Energy Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Networks with Hybrid Power Supplies (2018)

Green communications has attracted much research attention for its environmental and economic benefits. For a cellular network, base stations (BSs) incur more than 50% of the energy consumption of the whole network. Therefore, BSs can be powered by green energy to reduce its on-grid power consumption. Meanwhile, the effective data rate (EDR) of a user's flow, which depends on both the user's channel condition and its BS's workload status, is an important metric for user performance. From the perspectives of a mobile provider, both the aggregated EDR (sum of EDRs of all users within the coverage area of a macro BS) and on-grid energy consumption should be taken into account in the traffic load balancing process. Therefore, we propose a throughput aware and energy aware (TEA) traffic load balancing scheme for heterogeneous cellular networks to optimize the above two metrics. Since the EDR and energy consumption mutually affect each other, saving on-grid power is at the cost of sacrificing a certain loss of EDR. Thus, we employ an energy-throughput coefficient α to adjust the tradeoff between the two metrics based on the mobile provider's practical requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that TEA improves the aggregated EDR and significantly saves on-grid power.
Compensation of motion blur in CCD color endoscope images (1987)

Color CCD endoscopes with sequential three-color illuminations have the advantage of high spatial resolution but are sensitive to object motion. A digital method is proposed for the restoration of images color-shifted by the object motion. The method makes use of phase-only matching followed by a resampling operation to compensate for a space-variant shift between different primary color images. Restored images are suitable for further image processing such as color emphasis and structure enhancement.
Diffusion kinetic of hydrogen in CH3O-molecular-ion-implanted silicon wafer for CMOS image sensors (2018)

The association and dissociation behavior of hydrogen in the implanted region of a CH3O cluster were investigated for high-performance CMOS image sensors. Two hydrogen peaks were observed in the CH3O-implanted region after epitaxial growth and heat treatment. The difference in the depths of the two peaks accords with the difference in the depth of carbon-cluster-related and new extended stacking fault defects. Thus, we calculated the activation energies of the association and dissociation of hydrogen, assuming a dissociation reaction for the first peak, formed at a small depth from the surface of the silicon substrate, and a simple reversible reaction for the second peak, formed at a large depth from the surface of the silicon substrate. The dissociation activation energy corresponding to the first peak was 0.75 ± 0.03 eV. This activation energy indicates that the hydrogen associated with the first peak forms a binding state with a carbon and silicon self-interstitial cluster (C/I cluster). On the other hand, the binding energy corresponding to the second peak was calculated to be 0.78 eV, which was close to the C–H2 binding energy. Consequently, the CH3O-implanted region forms a binding state with hydrogen and a C/I cluster or a C–H2 binding state.
Multi-gigabit data transmission using a directly modulated GaN laser diode for visible light communication through plastic optical fiber and water (2015)

Gallium-nitride based devices have been used for electronic and optical equipment for over 20 years now. In a world concerned with saving energy, the use of GaN-based solid-state lighting sources has gained interest for visible light communications (VLC), where a light-emitting diode (LED) or laser diode can be exploited, not only to provide illumination, but also communication simultaneously. Contemporary applications are expanding to include underwater and optical fiber communications, as well as the traditional free space domain. It has been shown that micro-LEDs have high modulation bandwidths [1] and can achieve fast data transmission rates, in particular by exploiting higher modulation techniques [2]. However, their performance is limited by the material carrier lifetime and hence laser diodes are considered to further this work. The laser diodes used in this work can give powers of up to 50-100 mW and emit at wavelengths between 421-429 nm. The frequency response of these devices was measured, with maximum -3 dB bandwidths in excess of 2 GHz acquired. One of these devices was used to conduct data transmission experiments in free space, and eye diagrams were achieved without any pre- or post-amplification at data rates up to 2.5 Gbit/s [3]. Error-free data transmission was confirmed by conducting bit-error rate measurements using a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1 bits in length. However, further tests showed that data rates of 3.4 Gbit/s could be achieved. These are the fastest transmission rates achieved from a directly modulated laser diode without any higher order modulation schemes. These results not only show the potential of GaN laser diodes for high-speed free-space VLC over short distances but also their potential for use in fiber. High speed measurements were conducted through varying lengths of step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF). A different laser (from the same batch), emitting at a wavelength of 429 nm was used to conduct frequency response measurements through the fiber. Fiber lengths of 1 m, 2.5 m, 5 m and 10 m were tested in order to see the trend of bandwidth against fiber length. This device had a -3 dB bandwidth of 1.71 GHz in free space and could achieve error-free data transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s, like before. The maximum bandwidth values achieved for 1 m, 2.5 m, 5 m and 10 m of fiber were 1.68 GHz, 1.63 GHz, 1.62 MHz, and 1.1 GHz, respectively. This can be seen in Figure 1 (a).
Optimal conjugation of catechol group onto hyaluronic acid in coronary stent substrate coating for the prevention of restenosis (2016)

Although endovascular stenting has been used as an interventional therapy to treat cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases, it is associated with recurrent vascular diseases following stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. In this study, a metallic stent was coated with dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid with different ratios of catechol group to improve hemocompatibility and re-endothelialization. Especially, we were interested in how much amount of catechol group is appropriate for the above-mentioned purposes. Therefore, a series of dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid conjugates with different ratios of catechol group were synthesized via a carbodiimide coupling reaction. Dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid conjugates were characterized with <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the amount of catechol group in dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid was measured by ultraviolet spectrometer. Co-Cr substrates were polished and coated with various dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid conjugates under pH 8.5. Dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid amounts on the substrate were quantified by micro-bicinchoninic acid assay. Surface characteristics of dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic-acid-coated Co-Cr were evaluated by water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The hemocompatibility of the surface-modified substrates was assessed by protein adsorption and platelet adhesion tests. Adhesion and activation of platelets were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the substrates, and the viability, adhesion, and proliferation were investigated through cell counting kit-8 assay and fluorescent images. Obtained results demonstrated that optimal amounts of catechol group (100 µmol) in the dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid existed in terms of various properties such as hemocompatibility and cellular responses.
A single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq toolbox for fresh and frozen human tumors (2020)

Single-cell genomics is essential to chart tumor ecosystems. Although single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) profiles RNA from cells dissociated from fresh tumors, single-nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-Seq) is needed to profile frozen or hard-to-dissociate tumors. Each requires customization to different tissue and tumor types, posing a barrier to adoption. Here, we have developed a systematic toolbox for profiling fresh and frozen clinical tumor samples using scRNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq, respectively. We analyzed 216,490 cells and nuclei from 40 samples across 23 specimens spanning eight tumor types of varying tissue and sample characteristics. We evaluated protocols by cell and nucleus quality, recovery rate and cellular composition. scRNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq from matched samples recovered the same cell types, but at different proportions. Our work provides guidance for studies in a broad range of tumors, including criteria for testing and selecting methods from the toolbox for other tumors, thus paving the way for charting tumor atlases.
Encoding optimization of synthetic holograms recorded on a parallel access optical disk (1993)

First the optical system and the disk data encoding method are presented. Then the different encoding algorithms and their performances are described, allowing the choice of an optimal encoding. >
Biopolymer-Based Wound Dressings with Biochemical Cues for Cell-Instructive Wound Repair (2022)

Regenerative medicine is an active research sphere that focuses on the repair, regeneration, and replacement of damaged tissues and organs. A plethora of innovative wound dressings and skin substitutes have been developed to treat cutaneous wounds and are aimed at reducing the length or need for a hospital stay. The inception of biomaterials with the ability to interact with cells and direct them toward desired lineages has brought about innovative designs in wound healing and tissue engineering. This cellular engagement is achieved by cell cues that can be biochemical or biophysical in nature. In effect, these cues seep into innate repair pathways, cause downstream cell behaviours and, ultimately, lead to advantageous healing. This review will focus on biomolecules with encoded biomimetic, instructive prompts that elicit desired cellular domino effects to achieve advanced wound repair. The wound healing dressings covered in this review are based on functionalized biopolymeric materials. While both biophysical and biochemical cues are vital for advanced wound healing applications, focus will be placed on biochemical cues and in vivo or clinical trial applications. The biochemical cues aforementioned will include peptide therapy, collagen matrices, cell-based therapy, decellularized matrices, platelet-rich plasma, and biometals.
Memory systems integration in sleep complements rapid systems consolidation in wakefulness (2023)

Abstract Sleep benefits memory performance by fostering systems consolidation, a process that embeds memories into neocortical networks and renders them independent of the hippocampus. Recent evidence shows that memory rehearsal during wakefulness likewise initiates systems consolidation and rapidly engenders neocortical engrams. Here, we investigate the effect of sleep-dependent consolidation for memories that have undergone rapid systems consolidation during wakefulness. After sleep compared to wakefulness, we find better memory retention and higher functional brain activity during memory retrieval in the medial parietal cortex, which hosts memory representations after rehearsal, and in the striatum and thalamus. Increased striatal and thalamic contributions were correlated with higher retrieval performance. Furthermore, all three regions decreased their functional connectivity to the hippocampus specifically after sleep. These findings show that besides continuing of systems consolidation initiated during wakefulness, sleep also acts to integrate different memory systems. Thus, rehearsal-induced and sleep-dependent consolidation seem to be complementary in nature.