gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Transport of Lignin Precursors into Membrane Vesicles from Lignifying Tissues of Bamboo (2021)

Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer on Earth and is a major cell wall component in vascular plants. Lignin biosynthesis has three stages: biosynthesis, transport, and polymerization of its precursors. However, there is limited knowledge on lignin precursor transport, especially in monocots. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the transport mode of lignin monomers in the lignifying tissues of bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys pubescens</i>). The growth manners and lignification processes of bamboo shoots were elucidated, which enabled us to obtain the lignifying tissues reproducibly. Microsomal membrane fractions were prepared from tissues undergoing vigorous lignification to analyze the transport activities of lignin precursors in order to show the ATP-dependent transport of coniferin and <i>p</i>-glucocoumaryl alcohol. The transport activities for both precursors depend on vacuolar type H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and a H<sup>+</sup> gradient across the membrane, suggesting that the electrochemical potential is the driving force of the transport of both substrates. These findings are similar to the transport properties of these lignin precursors in the differentiating xylem of poplar and Japanese cypress. Our findings suggest that transport of coniferin and <i>p</i>-glucocoumaryl alcohol is mediated by secondary active transporters energized partly by the vacuolar type H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, which is common in lignifying tissues. The loading of these lignin precursors into endomembrane compartments may contribute to lignification in vascular plants.
A diarylborane-substituted carbazole as a universal bipolar host material for highly efficient electrophosphorescence devices (2011)

Recently bipolar phosphorescent host materials have attracted wide attention since they can achieve better charge balance and hence better device performance. In this work, we report the synthesis and physical properties of a novel bipolar host material containing the dimesityl borane/carbazole hybrid, CMesB. With a high triplet energy, CMesB is considered a promising universal host material and has been applied to phosphorescent OLEDs of various colors. Red/green/blue/white (RGBW) OLEDs based on CMesB all show high external quantum efficiencies (20.7% for red, 20.0% for green, 16.5% for blue, and 15.7% for white) at practical brightnesses. The results indicate that the bipolar host CMesB with high triplet energy has high potential in manufacturing RGBW OLEDs for display or lighting applications.
PGA (polyglycolic acid)-P4HB (poly-4-hydroxybutyrate)-Based Bioengineered Valves in the Rat Aortic Circulation. (2016)

This study demonstrated the technical feasibility of the transcatheter implantation of bioengineered stented miniaturized valves into the infrarenal rat aorta, without affecting the animal's physiological and hemodynamic variables and with valvular oscillation in part of the implants. These results could serve as a basis for the implementation of a chronic rat in-vivo model for mechanistic studies in bioengineered valvular tissues under systemic hemodynamic conditions. Video 1: 2D ultrasonographic projection revealing graft's leaflet oscillation.
Robust and Rugged Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Plerixafor and Its Related Impurities in Drug Substances (2015)

A novel, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of related substances in Plerixafor (PLX) drug substance. PLX is an immunostimulant used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in cancer patients. The method is efficient for estimation of all degradation and process-related impurities. The method was developed using the Phenomenex Luna L11 column using the gradient program with mobile phase A and mobile phase B, where mobile phase A consists of pH 2.0 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v) and mobile phase B consists of pH 2.0 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 20:80 (v/v). PLX and its impurities were monitored at 210 nm. The present work is describing the role of ion-pair reagent in the separation of polar compounds. PLX was subjected to various stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal, humidity and photolytic degradations. The degradation products were well separated from each other and with the main peak, demonstrating the stability-indicating power of the method. The performance of the method was validated according to the present ICH guidelines for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness.
Interleukin-9 enhances interleukin-5 receptor expression, differentiation, and survival of human eosinophils (2000)

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. To examine the interaction between IL-9 and eosinophils, we evaluated mature peripheral blood eosinophils for their expression of the specific alpha-subunit of the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R-alpha). The expression of IL-9R-alpha by human eosinophils was detected at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry, and immunocytochemical analysis, respectively. Functional analyses demonstrated that recombinant human (rh)IL-9 inhibited in vitro peripheral blood human eosinophil apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. We then examined the role of IL-9 in eosinophil differentiation using the human cord blood CD34(+) cells and human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). The addition of IL-9 to CD34(+) cells cultured in IL-3 and IL-5 enhanced eosinophil development, and IL-9 alone induced the expression of IL-5R-alpha. IL-9 also up-regulated the IL-5R-alpha chain cell surface expression during terminal eosinophil differentiation of the HL-60 cell line. Our findings suggest that IL-9 may potentiate in vivo eosinophil function by increasing their survival and IL-5-mediated differentiation and maturation. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism by which IL-9 potentiates airway and tissue eosinophilia.
Design of Hollow Fiber Modules for Uniform Shear Elution Affinity Cell Separation (1997)

Large-scale monoclonal antibody based systems for the selection of cell subsets will play a prominent role in the development of hematotherapy and graft engineering. Hollow fiber systems for affinity cell separation rely on the generation of uniform fluid shear stress at the lumenal attachment interface. Potential mechanisms for nonuniformity of lumenal wall shear stress are fiber wall permeation fluxes driven by the pressure gradient along individual fibers and the influence of inlet header dynamic pressure on the radial distribution of axial flow within the fiber module. Dimensional analysis and numerical solution of the flow field within the lumen of a hollow fiber module illustrate the main physical criteria for design of hollow fiber modules. There will be a nearly uniform distribution of flow within the fiber bundle provided that the dynamic inlet pressure is small in comparison with the pressure drop along fibers. Fiber wall permeation fluxes will have a negligible effect on axial flow rate for nonporous membranes such as Cuprophan.
Aging behavior of photo-induced As/sub 2/S/sub 3/ gratings (2001)

Summary form only given. Amorphous chalcogenide glass (ChG) films are candidates for passive and active photonic devices for applications in infrared integrated optical systems as they exhibit high transparency in the 1-10 /spl mu/m wavelength region, a large nonlinear refractive index, and low phonon energies. ChGs are photosensitive when exposed to bandgap energy (E/sub g//spl sim/2.35 eV for As/sub 2/S/sub 3/). Use of these photosensitive effects (photodarkening and photoexpansion) in ChGs, allows the creation of bulk waveguide structures, or the patterning of photoinduced relief gratings and guided wave structures in ChG films. The ultimate long-term stability of such optical elements relies on the generation of photo-induced structures which undergo limited structural relaxation with time. ChGs typically exhibit lower glass transition temperatures (T/sub g/) than oxide glasses and hence, can exhibit significant sub-T/sub g/ relaxation at, or near, room temperature. This relaxation can result in structural changes that modify the as-written glass structure and performance of the optical element. This paper reports results of Raman analysis of As/sub 2/S/sub 3/ films and gratings aimed at identifying specific bonding changes, which accompany the aging process.
An Effective Method of Estimating Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Porosity Using Deep Learning Approach (2022)

Abstract Carbonate rocks are very heterogeneous and have very complex pores structure due to the presence of intra-particle and inter-particle porosities. This makes the characterization and evaluation of the petrophysical data, and the interpretation of the carbonate rocks a big challenge. Porosity in complex lithologies, particularly carbonate reservoirs, is difficult to measure using conventional (Quad-Combo) well logs. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) derived porosity is considered the total porosity "gold standard", as it is measured exclusive of matrix and mineralogy. However, due to NMR tools existing as relatively new technology, and the extra expense in logging runs and rig time, most wells lack these data. Most of the existing approaches to predict the rock porosity was developed on the Neutron-density porosity logs that usually are resulted in inaccurate estimation, especially in the fractured zone and highly dolomitized rocks. In this study, deep learning model was efficiently utilized to predict the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance based effective porosity in carbonate rocks. The petrophysical well logs such as bulk density, gamma-ray, neutron porosity, photoelectric log, and caliper log were used as predictors. A total of 3800 data points were obtained from several wells located in a carbonate reservoir. A comprehensive data exploratory analysis tools (EDA) was utilized to evaluate the quality of the dataset which led to removing the extreme values and outliers. A fully connected Deep Neural Network (DNN) was trained to predict NMR based effective porosity. The hyperparameters of DNN model such as number of hidden layers, number of neurons, activation functions, and learning algorithms were varied using a grid search optimization approach. The K-fold cross-validation criteria were used to enhance the generalization capabilities of ML models. The evaluation of ML models was assessed by the coefficient of determination (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and. average absolute percentage error (AAPE). The results showed that the DNN resulted in a significantly low error and high R2 between actual and predicted values. An accuracy of 87% was recorded between actual and predicted NMR values. The new model to predict the NMR porosity is trained on the NMR-determined porosity. NMR porosity is based on the number of hydrogen nuclei in the pore spaces that are independent of the rock minerals and related to the pore spaces only.
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED CARBONYL COUPLING INDUCED BY AQUEOUS TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE. SOME COMMENTS ON THE MECHANISM (1981)

Abstract Benzoylcyanid (I) wird in Aceton (II) durch Ti(III)‐Verbindungen reduziert, und es werden die Verbindungen (III), (IV) und (V) gebildet, deren Anteile unter verschiedenen Bedingungen bestimmt werden.
Giant paleo-seafloor craters and mass wasting associated with magma-induced uplift of the upper crust (2022)

Giant seafloor craters are known along many a continental margin with recurrent mass-wasting deposits. However, the impact of breakup-related magmatism on the evolution of such craters is barely understood. Using high-quality geophysical datasets, this work examines the genetic relationship among the location of magmatic sills, forced folds and the formation of giant paleo-seafloor craters underneath an ancient mass-transport complex in the Møre and Vøring basins, offshore Norway. The data reveal that forced folding of near-seafloor strata occurred because of the intrusion of several interconnected magmatic sills. Estimates of 1-dimensional uplift based on well data show that uplift occurred due to the intrusion of magma in Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene strata. Our findings also prove that subsurface fluid plumbing associated with the magmatic sills was prolonged in time and led to the development of several vertical fluid flow conduits, some of which triggered mass wasting in Neogene to Recent times. The repeated vertical expulsion of subsurface fluids weakened the strata on the continental slope, thereby promoting mass wasting, the selective cannibalization of the paleo-seafloor, and the formation of elongated craters at the basal shear zone of the mass-transport complex. Significantly, the model presented here proves a close link between subsurface magmatic plumbing systems and mass wasting on continental margins.
Towards Hard Realtime Response from the Linux Kernel on SMP Hardware (2008)

Not that many years ago, many people doubted that a single operating system could support both desktop and server workloads. Linux is well on its way to proving these people wrong. But new times bring new challenges, and so there are now many people who doubt that a single operating system can support both both general-purpose and realtime workloads. This question is still open, although Linux has been used for a surprising number of realtime applications for quite some time. This paper looks at a few mechanisms that have been proposed to push Linux further into the realtime arena, with an eye towards maintaining Linux’s high-end performance and scalability. In other words, can Linux offer realtime support even when running on SMP hardware? 1
Supplementary Figure 1 from CHFR Protein Expression Predicts Outcomes to Taxane-Based First Line Therapy in Metastatic NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 53K, ROC curve to determine the best cutoff value for CHFR intensity&lt;/p&gt;
LDTFI: Layout-aware Timing Fault-Injection Attack Assessment Against Differential Fault Analysis (2022)

Attackers can target a cryptographic hardware design with a low-cost setup and little effort to inject timing faults, which can be exploited to leak secret keys when paired with differential fault analysis (DFA). In the literature, proposed analysis methods and countermeasures against such attacks target higher design abstractions (e.g., RTL and gate level), and incur large area and latency overhead. Moreover, none of these proposed methodologies account for timing variations incurred by design during layout generation. In this paper, we propose an LDTFI framework to automatically analyze the viability of clock-glitch-based timing faults to perform DFA and then apply countermeasures at the layout level. LDTFI first assesses the feasibility of injecting controlled timing faults into crypto designs needed for successful DFA and then provides its vulnerability, After that, to render DFA ineffective, we ingeniously modify the design's layout to alter the path delays of security-critical registers. In contrast to system-wide countermeasures, we ad-minister countermeasures locally to security-critical paths. As a result, these countermeasures incur minimal area and no latency overhead to the design. The framework's efficacy is shown by accounting for the DFA attack on the pipelined implementation of an AES design,
A 12–20 GHz Passively-compensated Tunable Bandstop Filter with 40-dB Notch Level (2018)

A frequency-tunable quasi-absorptive tunable bandstop filter covering the 12-20 GHz range with passive bandwidth compensation is presented. The design employs a dual-coupling-slot scheme that limits the filter's 3-dB bandwidth variation to less than 48% over the entire range. This is the first demonstration above 10 GHz that improves bandwidth stability by more than 4× compared to the state-of-the-art. Furthermore, the measured filter rejection level is over 40 dB from 12-20 GHz and over 20 dB from 9-20 GHz. The design is implemented with MEMS-tunable silicon micromachined evanescent-mode cavity resonators. The filter is measured with K-band connectors through a practical PCB-silicon integration scheme that adds less than 1.5 dB back-to-back insertion loss.
The Influence of Current Density and Magnetic Field Topography in Optimizing the Performance, Divergence, and Plasma Oscillations of High Specific Impulse Hall Thrusters (2003)

Recent studies of xenon Hall thrusters have shown peak efficiencies at specific impulses of less than 3000 s. This was a consequence of modern Hall thruster magnetic field topographies, which have been optimized for 300 V discharges. On-going research at the NASA Glenn Research Center is investigating this behavior and methods to enhance thruster performance. To conduct these studies, a laboratory model Hall thruster that uses a pair of trim coils to tailor the magnetic field topography for high specific impulse operation has been developed. The thruster—the NASA-173Mv2—was tested to determine how current density and magnetic field topography affect performance, divergence, and plasma oscillations at voltages up to 1000 V. Test results showed there was a minimum current density and optimum magnetic field topography at which efficiency monotonically increased with voltage. At 1000 V, 10 mg/s the total specific impulse was 3390 s and the total efficiency was 60.8%. Plume divergence decreased at 400–1000 V, but increased at 300–400 V as the result of plasma oscillations. The dominant oscillation frequency steadily increased with voltage, from 14.5 kHz at 300 V, to 22 kHz at 1000 V. An additional oscillatory mode in the 80–90 kHz frequency range began to appear above 500 V. The use of trim coils to modify the magnetic field improved performance while decreasing plume divergence and the frequency and magnitude of plasma oscillations. I.
A GazeWatch Prototype (2015)

We demonstrate potentials of adding a gaze tracking unit to a smartwatch, allowing hands-free interaction with the watch itself and control of the environment. Users give commands via gaze gestures, i.e. looking away and back to the GazeWatch. Rapid presentation of single words on the watch display provides a rich and effective textual interface. Finally, we exemplify how the GazeWatch can be used as a ubiquitous pointer on large displays.
Model Order and Identifiability of Non-Linear Biological Systems in Stable Oscillation (2015)

The paper presents a theoretical result that clarifies when it is at all possible to determine the nonlinear dynamic equations of a biological system in stable oscillation, from measured data. As it turns out the minimal order needed for this is dependent on the minimal dimension in which the stable orbit of the system does not intersect itself. This is illustrated with a simulated fourth order Hodgkin-Huxley spiking neuron model, which is identified using a non-linear second order differential equation model. The simulated result illustrates that the underlying higher order model of the spiking neuron cannot be uniquely determined given only the periodic measured data. The result of the paper is of general validity when the dynamics of biological systems in stable oscillation is identified, and illustrates the need to carefully address non-linear identifiability aspects when validating models based on periodic data.
Transfer Learning-based ROADM EDFA Wavelength Dependent Gain Prediction Using Minimized Data Collection (2023)

We implement and test transfer learning-based gain models across 16 ROADM EDFAs, which achieve less than 0.17/0.30 dB mean absolute error for booster/pre-amplifier gain prediction using only 0.5% of the full target EDFA dataset.
IRS for Multi-Access Edge Computing in 6G Networks (2022)

Computation offloading in multi-access edge computing (MEC) is an effective paradigm for enabling resource-intensive smart applications. However, when the wireless channel utilized for offloading computing activities is hostile, the proper advantages of MEC may not be completely realized. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a new technology that has recently attracted significant interest can optimize the wireless transmission environment in a programmable way and improving the connectivity between user equipment (UE) and base station (BS). In this paper, the performance of MEC architecture is analyzed considering both IRS-assisted and without IRS communication scenarios in the context of the urban micro cellular scenarios. The research obtained that the deployment of IRS can reduce the spectrum and energy consumption significantly.
Platelet reactivity in overweight and obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2018)

Body mass index (BMI) and specifically overweight and obesity have been associated with an increased platelet reactivity in different series of patients. This information is derived by different laboratory platelet function tests (PFTs) like mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet microparticles, thromboxane B2 metabolites, and others. Point-of-care PFT, which are often used in cardiac surgery, are rarely addressed. The present study aims to verify platelet reactivity using multiple-electrode aggregometry (MEA) as a function of BMI in cardiac surgery patients. One-hundred ninety-eight cardiac surgery patients free from the effects of drugs acting on the P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptor and undergoing cardiac surgery received MEA-PFT immediately before surgery. Platelet reactivity was compared between normal weight and overweight-obese subjects. There were 99 underweight/normal (BMI < 25), 60 overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and 39 obese (BMI ≥ 30) patients. Overweight-obese patients did not show higher platelet counts nor a clear platelet hyper-reactivity, when tested with MPV and MEA ADP test. At TRAPtest, the overweight/obese patients had a significantly (P = 0.011) higher platelet reactivity (median 118, interquartile range 106-136) than controls (median 112, interquartile range 101-123) and a higher rate of platelet hyper-reactivity (odds ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.15-4.16, P = 0.016) in a multivariable model. A minor association was found between the BMI and platelet reactivity at TRAPtest, with a higher degree of activity for increasing BMI. The BMI determines an increased thrombin-dependent platelet reactivity in cardiac surgery patients. Thrombin is extensively formed during cardiac surgery, and this may explain the lower postoperative bleeding observed in obese patients in previous studies.