gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) represses intestinal oncogenesis (2023)

Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) is a pattern recognition receptor that is mostly expressed by myeloid cells. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), a loss-of-function polymorphism (rs867228) in the gene coding for FPR1 has been associated with reduced responses to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, rs867228 is associated with accelerated esophageal and colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we show that dendritic cells from <i>Fpr1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibit reduced migration in response to chemotherapy-treated CRC cells. Moreover, <i>Fpr1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice are particularly susceptible to chronic ulcerative colitis and colorectal oncogenesis induced by the mutagen azoxymethane followed by oral dextran sodium sulfate, a detergent that induces colitis. These experiments were performed after initial co-housing of <i>Fpr1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice and wild-type controls, precluding major Fpr1-driven differences in the microbiota. Pharmacological inhibition of Fpr1 by cyclosporin H also tended to increase intestinal oncogenesis in mice bearing the <i>Apc</i><sup>Min</sup> mutation, and this effect was reversed by the anti-inflammatory drug sulindac. We conclude that defective FPR1 signaling favors intestinal tumorigenesis through the modulation of the innate inflammatory/immune response.
NMR and EPR Characterization of Functionalized Nanodiamonds (2015)

We investigated the potential of solid-state NMR using magic angle spinning (MAS) with and without dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for the characterization of functionalized nanodiamonds (NDs). We showed that conventional 1H, 31P, and 13C solid-state NMR spectra allow differentiating in a straightforward way NDs from commercial sources and custom-made NDs bearing aromatic or aliphatic phosphonate moieties at their surface. Besides, the short nuclear relaxation times prove the close proximity between the endogenous paramagnetic centers of NDs and the grafted organic moieties. EPR spectra confirmed the presence of these paramagnetic centers in functionalized NDs, which are centered on dangling bonds as well as a few N0 defects, corresponding to the substitution of carbon atoms by nitrogen ones. Hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy indicates that the N0 paramagnetic centers are mostly located in the disordered shell of NDs. Preliminary DNP-enhanced NMR experiments at 9.4 T and 100 K under MAS have shown a lack of significant DNP enhancement, which can be attributed to the short relaxation times of the unpaired electrons and the nuclei in NDs. When using exogenous polarizing agents, the endogenous unpaired electrons contribute to a leakage of polarization. Furthermore, low temperatures lead to a broadening of NMR signals. It therefore appears that conventional direct excitation remains the NMR method of choice for the characterization of functionalized NDs.
(m,n)-Relaying as an Alternative to Base Station Cooperation for Cellular OFDMA Networks (2011)

Among the techniques proposed to reduce interference in cellular ODFMA networks, base station cooperation (BSC) is currently the technique known to achieve the highest network throughputs. Its deployment however is vastly expensive and cheaper alternatives are expected to play an important role in future wireless access standards. This contribution introduces relay-augmented networks based on the novel paradigm of (m,n)-relaying and shows how, by reaching performances close to those achievable by employing BSC, these qualify as an especially interesting option among the aforementioned alternatives.
Influence of Rare-Earth Ion Radius on Metal–Metal Charge Transfer in Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes (2023)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a highly conjugated bisferrocenyl pyrrolediimine ligand, Fc2PyrDIH (1), and its trinuclear complexes with rare earth ions─(Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 (2-M, M = Sc, Y, Lu, La). Crystal structures, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/vis–NIR) data are presented. The latter are in good agreement with DFT calculations, illuminating the impact of the rare earth ionic radius on NIR charge transfer excitations. For [2-Sc]+, the charge transfer is at 11,500 cm–1, while for [2-Y]+, only a d–d transition at 8000 cm–1 is observed. Lu has an ionic radius in between Sc and Y, and the [2-Lu]+ complex exhibits both transitions. From time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis, we assign the 11,500 cm–1 transition as a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), rather than pure metal-to-metal CT because it has significant ligand character. Typically, the ferrocenes moieties have high rotational freedom in bis-ferrocenyl mixed valent complexes. However, in the present (Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 complexes, ligand–ligand repulsions lock the rotational freedom so that rare-earth ionic radius-dependent geometric differences increasingly influence orbital overlap as the ionic radius falls. The Marcus–Hush coupling constant HAB trends as [2-Sc]+ > [2-Lu]+ > [2-Y]+.
Noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the mouse brain using photoacoustic microscopy (2009)

Noninvasive, high resolution imaging of mouse brain activity is poised to provide clinically translatable insights into human neurological disease progression. Toward noninvasive imaging of brain activity through the hemodynamic response, the dark-field photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) technique was enhanced to image the cortex vasculature of the mouse brain in vivo using endogenous hemoglobin contrast. Specifically, the PAM system was redesigned to efficiently collect photoacoustic waves originating from cortical vessels, providing high (70 mum lateral and 54 mum axial) resolution images of the mouse brain vasculature with a contrast-to-noise ratio of 25 dB. These findings confirm the efficacy of PAM to noninvasively image vascular structures in the mouse brain and the potential to image mouse brain function by tracking the hemodynamic response.
A review of refractory materials for vapor-anode AMTEC cells (2000)

Recently, refractory alloys have been considered as structural materials for vapor-anode Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion (AMTEC) cells, for extended (7–15 years) space missions. This paper reviewed the existing database for refractory metals and alloys of potential use as structural materials for vapor-anode sodium AMTEC cells. In addition to requiring that the vapor pressure of the material be below 10−9 torr (133 nPa) at a typical hot side temperature of 1200 K, other screening considerations were: (a) low thermal conductivity, low thermal radiation emissivity, and low linear thermal expansion coefficient; (b) low ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, high yield and rupture strengths and high strength-to-density ratio; and (c) good compatibility with the sodium AMTEC operating environment, including high corrosion resistance to sodium in both the liquid and vapor phases. Nb-1Zr (niobium-1% zirconium) alloy is recommended for the hot end structures of the cell. The niobium alloy C-103, which contains the oxygen gettering elements zirconium and hafnium as well as titanium, is recommended for the colder cell structure. This alloy is stronger and less thermally conductive than Nb-1Zr, and its use in the cell wall reduces parasitic heat losses by conduction to the condenser. The molybdenum alloy Mo-44.5Re (molybdenum-44.5% rhenium) is also recommended as a possible alternative for both structures if known problems with oxygen pick up and embrittlement of the niobium alloys proves to be intractable.
Alcune considerazioni su un calice di bucchero da Falerii (2000)

Novel mono- and ball-type Co(ii), Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) were synthesized from 1,1'-p-anisylidenbis(2-naphthoxyphthalonitrile). The MPcs have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The performances of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) of the dinuclear ball-type MPcs have been compared to those of mononuclear counterparts. The ball-type MPc based OFETs showed a p-channel and typical ambipolar transport properties. On the other hand, it was not possible to measure the full transfer characteristics of the mononuclear MPc based devices. The best results were obtained in the case of dinuclear Cu2Pc2. In this case, the mobility value is μ = 4.4 × 10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and the threshold voltage is 27.6 volts. The reduction and oxidation characteristics of the mono-nuclear and ball-type MPcs have been compared by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry on platinum in nonaqueous media. The comparison suggested that the ball-type complexes form ring-based and/or metal-based mixed-valence species as a result of the remarkable interaction between the two Pc rings and/or metal centers. The stability of these species was confirmed by the mixed-valence splitting values for the complexes. The electrocatalytic performances of the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes for the oxygen reduction reaction were also studied. The compounds involving Co(ii) at the phthalocyanine core, especially the ball-type one, showed much higher catalytic performances towards oxygen reduction than those of the other ones.
Power supply with independently regulated multiple outputs (2007)

This paper presents a new power supply with independently-regulated multiple isolated-outputs, based on a phase-shift PWM control of a multi-leg bridge. The power supply was developed for a multi-level switched-gradient-amplifier for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems that require good regulation during all operating conditions for good image quality. The gradient driver is a challenging load, almost purely reactive with large power transients. The power supply topology consists on one half-bridge leg for each independent output plus an additional common leg. The control is achieved by phase-shifting each leg with respect to the common leg, with two transformers with their primary connected between its corresponding leg and the common leg. Experimental results obtained with a 60 kW prototype confirm the validity of the concept.
Automated Synthesis of Skew‐Based Clock Distribution Networks (1998)

In this paper a top‐down methodology is presented for synthesizing clock distribution networks based on application‐dependent localized clock skew. The methodology is divided into four phases: 1) determination of an optimal clock skew schedule for improving circuit performance and reliability; 2) design of the topology of the clock tree based on the circuit hierarchy and minimum clock path delays; 3) design of circuit structures to implement the delay values associated with the branches of the clock tree; and 4) design of the geometric layout of the clock distribution network. Algorithms to determine an optimal clock skew schedule, the optimal clock delay to each register, the network topology, and the buffer circuit dimensions are presented. The clock distribution network is implemented at the circuit level in CMOS technology and a design strategy based on this technology is presented to implement the individual branch delays. The minimum number of inverters required to implement the branch delays is determined, while preserving the polarity of the clock signal. The clock lines are transformed from distributed resistive‐capacitive interconnect lines into purely capacitive interconnect lines by partitioning the RC interconnect lines with inverting repeaters. The inverters are specified by the geometric size of the transistors, the slope of the ramp shaped input/output waveform, and the output load capacitance. The branch delay model integrates an inverter delay model with an interconnect delay model. Maximum errors of less than 2.5% for the delay of the clock paths and 4% for the clock skew between any two registers belonging to the same global data path are obtained as compared with SPICE Level‐3.
Characterization of fiber Bragg gratings written using a remote writing technique and a coherent CW UV source (2004)

Traditionally in the process of writing fiber Bragg gratings with a phase mask the fiber is placed near or in close contact with the mask. With low coherence excimer sources this is necessary because the fringe visibility is greatly reduced beyond 500 &mu;m. As a result of these limitations there has been increased interest in understanding the interference phenomena associated with a phase mask. During the past year we studied the beam interference phenomena associated with ultrafast gratings. We observed that with these coherent sources it was possible to write gratings remotely (Phase Mask-Fiber distance of &#8776;1 cm). In addition to this we observed evidence of walk-off between mask orders that significantly affected the interference patterns. In this paper we demonstrate that a frequency doubled Argon-ion laser, being a coherent source, can be used to inscribe fiber Bragg gratings at large distances from the phase mask (> 15 mm). We will demonstrate that walk-off between mask orders will change the interference profile along the grating length. We show that the spectral profile correlates with the calculated interference pattern. Beam walk-off effects play a role in the inscription of any photonic device with a phase mask. This remote writing technique can be used to tailor the index modulation pattern in the fiber and could potentially be used to produce two beam interference gratings even in the presence of a significant zero order amplitude.
Learning-based Lossless Point Cloud Geometry Coding using Sparse Tensors (2022)

Most point cloud compression methods operate in the voxel or octree domain which is not the original representation of point clouds. Those representations either remove the geometric information or require high computational power for processing. In this paper, we propose a context-based lossless point cloud geometry compression that directly processes the point representation. Operating on a point representation allows us to preserve geometry correlation between points and thus to obtain an accurate context model while significantly reduce the computational cost. Specifically, our method uses a sparse convolution neural network to estimate the voxel occupancy sequentially from the x,y,z input data. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art geometry compression standard from MPEG with average rate savings of 52% on a diverse set of point clouds from four different datasets.
Cell surface properties of normal, differentiating, and neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells (1981)

Acinar, centroacinar, and endocrine cells of the adult rat pancreas each exhibit distinctive cell-surface glycoconjugate patterns as detected by binding of a battery of lectin-ferritin conjugates. Acquisition of these unique glycoconjugate patterns appears to be developmentally regulated, as studies on embryonic rat pancreases at days 15, 17, and 19 of gestation indicate. Further, the three cell types appear to arise from a common stem cell(s) with surface glycoconjugate properties similar to those of the adult centroacinar cell. STudies on the cell-surface properties of a rat acinar cell tumor indicate that the neoplastic acinar cells are likely to be arrested at a developmental stage equivalent to acinar cells of the day 19 embryonic pancreas and are characterized by absence of detectable basal lamina. We hypothesize that pancreatic cancers may arise from the equivalent of the undifferentiated embryonic stem cell(s) and that the morphologic features of the tumor depend on the extent of cell differentiation, including expression of cell-surface glycoproteins and extracellular matrix, prior to neoplastic proliferation.
A compact 802.11 a/b/g/n WLAN Front-End Module using passives embedded in a flip-chip BGA organic package substrate (2009)

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a compact RF front-end-module for 802.11 a/b/g/n application. A high performance embedded passives technology has been developed by extending existing multilayer FCBGA packaging substrate technology to include thin film capacitors, resistors and spiral inductors. Using these basic elements, all of the passive building blocks for the RF front-end module (FEM) have been designed and characterized individually. Several of these building blocks have then been used in combination with surface mounted active dies to realize a dual-band one-transmit/one-receive WiFi FEM with dimensions of 8 mm times 8 mm times 1 mm. Preliminary measurements indicate small signal gain of 10 dB at 2.4 GHz for the Rx chain.
Elastic Refresh: Techniques to Mitigate Refresh Penalties in High Density Memory (2010)

High density memory is becoming more important as many execution streams are consolidated onto single chip many-core processors. DRAM is ubiquitous as a main memory technology, but while DRAM’s per-chip density and frequency continue to scale, the time required to refresh its dynamic cells has grown at an alarming rate. This paper shows how currently-employed methods to schedule refresh operations are ineffective in mitigating the significant performance degradation caused by longer refresh times. Current approaches are deficient– they do not effectively exploit the flexibility of DRAMs to postpone refresh operations. This work proposes dynamically reconfigurable predictive mechanisms that exploit the full dynamic range allowed in the JEDEC DDRx SDRAM specifications. The proposed mechanisms are shown to mitigate much of the penalties seen with dense DRAM devices. We refer to the overall scheme as Elastic Refresh, in that the refresh policy is stretched to fit the currently executing workload, such that the maximum benefit of the DRAM flexibility is realized. We extend the GEMS on SIMICS tool-set to include Elastic Refresh. Simulations show the proposed solution provides a 10% average performance improvement over existing techniques across the entire SPEC CPU suite, and up to a 41%improvement for certain workloads.
FH-Code Phase Synchronization in a Wireless Multi-Hop FH/DSSS Adhoc Network (2006)

A military ad hoc network has to have a good LPI (low probability of intercept) and LPJ (low probability of jamming) capabilities. These requirements can be met by using a combined frequency hopping/direct sequence (FH/DS) spread spectrum (SS) system. Due to characteristics of an ad hoc network, the network wide synchronization has to be achieved distributely, which makes especially FH-code phase synchronization a challenging task. Here, we present an FH-code phase synchronization method suitable for very long FH-codes and unknown code-patterns. The synchronization data is spread using a specific synchronization DS-code (DS(s)-code), i.e., the control channel is in the code-space. Synchronization messages are broadcasted periodically to allow single nodes or subnetworks with different FH-code phases to synchronize as a one network. Divergent synchronization hops are not needed, thus providing excellent LPI & LPJ properties. In order to achieve and maintain a common FH-code phase a network time synchronization algorithm has to be used. Simulations of an ad hoc network with a simple network time synchronization algorithm has been made and the results are presented in this paper. The simulations prove that the chosen algorithm can maintain a common timing at a satisfactory level as long as the connectiveness in a network is tolerable. The effects of clock drift and the synchronization message size have also been studied
Knowledge base management for experiment planning in molecular genetics (1977)

The use of a representation language involving schemata and associated derived models has been extended to include all aspects of domain knowledge and strategy and heuristic problem solving knowledge. This uniform representation will allow the extension of knowledge base management techniques for acquisition and retrieval of procedural knowledge.
Towards learned traversability for robot navigation: From underfoot to the far field (2006)

Abstract Autonomous off‐road navigation of robotic ground vehicles has important applications on Earth and in space exploration. Progress in this domain has been retarded by the limited lookahead range of three‐dimensional (3D) sensors and by the difficulty of heuristically programming systems to understand the traversability of the wide variety of terrain they can encounter. Enabling robots to learn from experience may alleviate both of these problems. We define two paradigms for this, learning from 3D geometry and learning from proprioception , and describe initial instantiations of them as developed under DARPA and NASA programs. Field test results show promise for learning traversability of vegetated terrain and learning to extend the lookahead range of the vision system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sigma-1 Receptor Changes Observed in Chronic Pelvic Pain Patients: A Pilot PET/MRI Study (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> Chronic pelvic pain is a highly prevalent pain condition among women, but identifying the exact cause of pelvic pain remains a significant diagnostic challenge. In this study, we explored a new diagnostic approach with PET/MRI of the sigma-1 receptor, a chaperone protein modulating ion channels for activating nociceptive processes. <b>Methods:</b> Our approach is implemented by a simultaneous PET/MRI scan with a novel radioligand [18F]FTC-146, which is highly specific to the sigma-1 receptor. We recruited 5 chronic pelvic pain patients and 5 healthy volunteers and compared our PET/MRI findings between these two groups. <b>Results:</b> All five patients showed abnormally increased radioligand uptake on PET compared to healthy controls at various organs, including the uterus, vagina, pelvic bowel, gluteus maximus muscle, and liver. However, on MRI, only 2 patients showed abnormalities that could be potentially associated with the pain symptoms. For a subset of patients, the association of pain and the abnormally increased radioligand uptake was further validated by successful pain relief outcomes following surgery or trigger point injections to the identified abnormalities. <b>Conclusion:</b> In this preliminary study, sigma-1 receptor PET/MRI demonstrated potential for identifying abnormalities associated with chronic pelvic pain. Future studies will need to correlate samples with imaging findings to further validate the correlation between S1R distribution and pathologies of chronic pelvic pain. <b>Trial Registration:</b> The clinical trial registration date is June 2, 2018, and the registration number of the study is NCT03195270 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03556137).