gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging-compatible optical detectors for in-magnet tissue spectroscopy: photodiodes versus silicon photomultipliers (2014)

Tissue spectroscopy inside the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system adds a significant value by measuring fast vascular hemoglobin responses or completing spectroscopic identification of diagnostically relevant molecules. Advances in this type of spectroscopy instrumentation have largely focused on fiber coupling into and out of the MRI; however, nonmagnetic detectors can now be placed inside the scanner with signal amplification performed remotely to the high field environment for optimized light detection. In this study, the two possible detector options, such as silicon photodiodes (PD) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), were systematically examined for dynamic range and wavelength performance. Results show that PDs offer 10⁸(160 dB) dynamic range with sensitivity down to 1 pW, whereas SiPMs have 10⁷(140 dB) dynamic range and sensitivity down to 10 pW. A second major difference is the spectral sensitivity of the two detectors. Here, wavelengths in the 940 nm range are efficiently captured by PDs (but not SiPMs), likely making them the superior choice for broadband spectroscopy guided by MRI.
Feasibility of transanal total mesorectal excision in cases with challenging patient and tumor characteristics (2019)

This pilot study showed that transanal total mesorectal excision is also feasible in difficult laparoscopic cases such as in obese patients or those with bulky tumors or tumors threatening the mesorectal fascia. Additional larger studies are needed.
Binding motif of ebselen in solution: chalcogen and hydrogen bonds team up (2020)

Ebselen, a compound active against SARS-CoV-2, forms a bifurcated supramolecular synthon thanks to chalcogen bond and hydrogen bond cooperation.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Modes of Allene Bonding in the Structures of (W2(O‐tBu)6(C3H4)), (W2(O‐tBu)6(C3H4)(CO)2), and (W2(O‐tBu)6(C3H4)2). (1990)

Abstract In the previously prepared complex (I) ( P2 1 /n, Z=4) in contrast to a former prediction the allene moiety and the W2 center in the complex are parallel, this coordination is unprecedented.
New potent anthracyclines, barminomycins I and II. (1988)

Wehave previously reported on baumycins Al, A2, Bl and B21}, which are daunorubicin analogues having unique acetal moieties at 4' position. In a continuing search for new antitumor antibiotics, extremely potent anthracyclines, which attach a new type of 4'-O-substituent, were isolated from a carminomycin-producing strain designated MG463-yF4, and named barminomycins I (1)2) and II (2). The culture broth of this strain exhibited a significant activity against L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma cells in mice. In this broth five components of anthracycline-glycosides were detected, but three of them, carminomycins I, II and III3), were less potent than a mixture of the anthracyclines in the broth. Accordingly we attempted to isolate two others. In this communication, the production, isolation and characterization of anthracyclines 1 and 2 are reported. The strain MG463-yF4was isolated from a soil sample collected in Nangoku-shi, Kochi, Japan, and the taxonomic studies showed that the strain belongs to Actinomadura roseoviolacea or Actinomadura carminata. It was deposited with the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology and was given the accession number, FERM-P73524).
Hollow zeolite microspheres as a nest for enzymes: a new route to hybrid heterogeneous catalysts for chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions (2019)

Integrating enzymatic and heterogeneous catalysis can pave the way to new and performing cascade chemical processes. In this perspective, the preparation of bifunctional structures combining both an active inorganic catalyst and an enzyme is a key. However, such combinations are not straightforward, for example in the case of zeolite catalysts for which enzyme immobilization would be restricted to the external surface. We overcame this challenge by developing a new kind of hybrid catalysts based on hollow zeolite microspheres. The method leverages on the aerosol-assisted assembly of TS-1 nanocrystals to form hollow zeolite microspheres with tailored hierarchical texture and high epoxidation activity in water. The latter spheres were subsequently loaded with glucose oxidase enzymes which were then cross-linked to secure their entrapment. This controlled design allows to combine all the decisive features of the zeolite with a high enzyme loading. A chemo-enzymatic reaction is demonstrated, where the structured zeolite microsphere is used both as a nest for the enzyme and as an efficient inorganic heterogeneous catalyst. The enzyme ensures the in situ production of H2O2 subsequently utilized by the zeolite for the epoxidation of allylic alcohol. We anticipate our method will open up new perspectives in the field of hybrid catalysis. Starting from various catalytic nano-building blocks, hollow microspheres with open entry ways could be prepared using the aerosol process and could be used as vessels for enzymes or even multi-enzymatic systems, thereby giving access to a multitude of new heterogeneous chemo-biocatalysts.
Effects of Oral Fructose in Normal, Diabetic, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Subjects (1980)

We studied the acute effects of oral ingestion of 50-g loads of dextrose, sucrose, and fructose on post-prandial serum glucose, insulin, and plasma glucagon responses in 9 normal subjects, 10 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 17 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. The response to each carbohydrate was quantified when the respective carbohydrate was given alone in a drink or when given in combination with protein and fat in a test meal. The data demonstrate that (1) fructose ingestion resulted in significantly lower serum glucose and insulin responses than did sucrose or dextrose ingestion in all study groups, either when given alone or in the test meal; (2) although fructose ingestion always led to the least glycemic response compared with the other hexoses, the serum glucose response to fructose was increased the more glucose intolerant the subject; (3) urinary glucose excretion during the 3 h after carbohydrate ingestion was greatest after dextrose and least after fructose in all groups. In conclusion, fructose ingestion results in markedly lower serum glucose and insulin responses and less glycosuria than either dextrose or sucrose, both when given alone or as a constituent in a test meal. However, as glucose tolerance worsens, an increasingly greater glycemic response to fructose is seen.
Broad-Band Dielectric Study on Poly(4-vinylphenol)/Poly(ethyl methacrylate) Blends (2002)

The dielectric relaxation behavior of miscible poly(4-vinylphenol)/poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PVPh/PEMA) blends has been studied using broad-band dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency domain from 10-2 to 107 Hz and at temperatures between 30 and 180 °C. The α and β processes are resolved from the dielectric spectra by modeling with Havriliak−Negami (HN) functions. PVPh enhances the splitting between the α and β processes and provides a better understanding of the splitting and merging mechanism. Arrhenius plots support the proposal that the α and β processes have the same molecular origin above the merging temperature. The local β process in the blends originates from side-chain rotation of PEMA and is only slightly influenced by PVPh. On the other hand, the α process includes contributions from both components, and its relaxation time increases rapidly with PVPh concentration. However, a fragility plot reveals that the presence of PVPh does not change the cooperativity beyond shifting Tg for the blends, which is inconsistent with the energy landscape model. The relaxation time for the merged αβ process also increases significantly as a result of the participation of PVPh. Because of the strong hydrogen bonding between PEMA and PVPh, the blends exhibit only slight dielectric broadening or concentration fluctuations.
Neo-Noumena (2020)

Communicating emotional experiences is something core to being human, yet also notoriously difficult. With this considered, we acknowledge previous work in bio-responsive and neurofeedback systems which facilitate the externalization of subjective experiences, which highlight potential for the appropriation of Neurofeedback for communication. We present a demonstration that explores this opportunity through "Neo-Noumena", a communicative neuro-responsive system that augments the interpersonal communication of emotion through brain-computer interfacing and artificial intelligence, which interprets the users affective state and dynamically to others in mixed reality through two head-mounted displays. The user will, with a partner, experience their affective state translated into an aural swarm of procedurally generated, emotionally informative fractals.
Multi-Radar Tracking Optimization for Collaborative Combat (2021)

Smart Grids of collaborative netted radars accelerate kill chains through more efficient cross-cueing over centralized command and control. In this paper, we propose two novel reward-based learning approaches to decentralized netted radar coordination based on black-box optimization and Reinforcement Learning (RL). To make the RL approach tractable, we use a simplification of the problem that we proved to be equivalent to the initial formulation. We apply these techniques on a simulation where radars can follow multiple targets at the same time and show they can learn implicit cooperation by comparing them to a greedy baseline.
Erratum to: Search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model in events with large b-jet multiplicity using the ATLAS detector at the LHC (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08730-0
Use of Ionic Liquids to Increase the Yield and Enzyme Stability in the β-Galactosidase Catalysed Synthesis of N-Acetyllactosamine (2002)

The use of ionic liquids as alternative solvents for enzyme catalysis was investigated. β-Galactosidase from Bacillus circulans catalyses the synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine starting from lactose and N-acetylglucosamine in a transglycoslyation reaction. The addition of 25% v/v of 1,3-di-methyl-imidazol-methyl sulfate [MMIM] [MeSO4] as a water-miscible ionic liquid suppresses the secondary hydrolysis of the formed product, resulting in doubling the yield to almost 60%. The enzyme can be reused several times after ultrafiltration of the reaction mixture without loss of activity. Results of different amounts of ionic liquids in the reaction medium on the thermostability of the galactosidase as well as on oxidoreductases are presented as well.
Integrating Wearable Sensor Technology into Project-management Process (2012)

A sensor-based project management process, which uses continuous sensing data of face-to-face communication, was developed for integration into current project management processes. To establish a practical process, a sensing system was applied in two software-development projects involving 123 and 65 employees, respectively, to analyze the relation between work performance and behavioral patterns and investigate the use of sensor data. It was found that a factor defined as “communication richness, ” which refers to the amount of communication, correlates with employee performance (job evaluation) and was common in both projects, while other factors, such as “workload, ” were found in just one of the projects. Developers' quality of development (low bug occurrence) was also investigated in one of the projects and “communication richness” was found as a factor of high development quality. As a result of this analysis, we propose a four-step sensor-based project management process, which consists of analysis, monitoring, inspection, and action, and evaluated its effectiveness. Through monitoring, it was estimated that some “unplanned” events, such as changing specifications and problem solving during a project, could be systematically identified. Cohesion of a network was systematically increased using a recommendation of communication, called WorkX, which involves micro rotating of discussion members based on network topology.
Comparative analysis of different hardware decoder architectures for IEEE 802.11ad LDPC code (2014)

This paper considers the LDPC code designed for the IEEE 802.11ad WLAN standard and analyzes different architectural options for the hardware decoder. Three decoder architectures are studied that provide different tradeoffs between the throughput and the required amount of the resources for the FPGA implementation. The standard fully parallel decoder is demonstrated to have the maximum throughput of above 6.5 Gbit/s and also the maximum hardware efficiency (a ratio of the decoder throughput to the amount of the consumed hardware logic). The layered decoder architecture allows reusing the hardware check nodes blocks between the sub-iterations to achieve 46% lower hardware resources utilization relative to the fully parallel decoder though at the expense of the 42% lower hardware efficiency and providing the throughput of 2.1 Gbit/s. The serial-parallel decoder architecture exploits the layered and quasi-cyclic properties of the code matrix and occupies only 11% of the hardware resources needed by the fully parallel decoder but with the throughput of only 159 Mbit/s.
N−atomcollective-state atomic clock withN−foldincrease in effective frequency andN−foldreduction in fringe width (2015)

We describe a collective state atomic clock (COSAC) with Ramsey fringes narrowed by a factor of $\sqrt{N}$ compared to a conventional clock---$N$ being the number of noninteracting atoms---without violating the uncertainty relation. This narrowing is explained as being due to interferences among the collective states, representing an effective $\sqrt{N}$-fold increase in the clock frequency, without entanglement. We discuss the experimental inhomogeneities that affect the signal and show that experimental parameters can be adjusted to produce a near ideal signal. The detection process collects fluorescence through stimulated Raman scattering of Stokes photons, which emits photons predominantly in the direction of the probe beam for a high enough optical density. By using a null measurement scheme, in which detection of zero photons corresponds to the system being in a single collective state, we detect the population in a collective state of interest. The quantum and classical noise of the ideal COSAC is still limited by the standard quantum limit and performs only as well as the conventional clock. However, when detection efficiency and collection efficiency are taken into account, the detection scheme of the COSAC increases the quantum efficiency of detection significantly in comparison to a typical conventional clock employing fluorescence detection, yielding a net improvement in stability by as much as a factor of 10.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Effect of 5‐Nitro‐2′‐deoxyuridine with Ganciclovir Against Human Cytomegalovirus in vitro. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Case Report of Pathologically Complete Response of a Huge Rectal Cancer after Systemic Chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 (2009)

A 54-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a huge, unresectable rectal cancer occupying his entire pelvic space with a solitary liver metastasis. He had undergone a laparotomy for surgical resection, but ended up with a sigmoid colostomy due to possible invasion into the urinary bladder and pelvic wall. At the completion of seven cycles of FOLFOX regimen, radiographic examination revealed remarkable reduction of the primary rectal tumor and regional lymph nodes, and also a complete response (CR) of the liver metastasis. The tumor was extirpated without any macroscopic residues by a low anterior resection of the rectum, along with a partial resection of the urinary bladder and seminal vesicles. Since pathological and immunohistochemical examinations showed no viable cancer cells in any parts of the resected specimens, the lesion was regarded as a pathologically CR. Analysis for single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes involved in nucleotide excision repair, excision repair cross-complementing group 1 and xeroderma pigmentosum group D, showed a genotypic pattern sensitive to oxaliplatin. To our knowledge, this is a rare case of an initially unresectable primary rectal cancer, which was down-staged to a pathologically CR by FOLFOX chemotherapy instead of chemoradiotherapy.
Pullulan‐based hydrogel for smooth muscle cell culture (2007)

A hydrogel was prepared from pullulan and evaluated as a novel biomaterial for vascular engineering. Using a crosslinking process with sodium trimetaphosphate in aqueous solution, homogeneous, transparent, and easy-to-handle pullulan gels were obtained with water-content higher than 90%. A circular punch was used to cut 6-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness discs for cell culture. Environmental scanning electron microscopy analysis of hydrated gels revealed a smooth surface, on which rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells were successfully seeded. The absence of cytotoxicity was evidenced by a live/dead assay. Fluorescence-labeled cells were observed adhering and progressively spreading out on the surface of the material. Cellular proliferation was followed for up to 1 week using an MTT assay. In addition, a complete in vitro degradation of the gels was achieved in 3 h upon incubation in a pullulanase solution (44 U/mL). In conclusion, we have shown the feasibility of preparing a biocompatible pullulan-based hydrogel that could support vascular cell culture. Based on these promising results, future studies will focus on the seeding of vascular cells on tubular-shaped hydrogels and the in vivo implantation of these new biomaterials.
MP12-16 ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE BIOPSY CRITERIA DURING THE ERA OF PROSTATE MRI AND TARGETED FUSION BIOPSIES (2018)

2015 (p0.001 for trend). There was also a significant increase in age group 55-59 years (p < 0.006). Total 1-year cost of care post-diagnosis was higher for the non-AS group. Over 70% of the AS group received PSA testing in 6 months following diagnosis. Less than 20% were biopsied during the same timeframe. Proportions receiving PSA testing and biopsy increased to 90% and 34% respectively during 1-year post diagnosis timeframe.
Use of Cell Image Analysis in the Detection of Cancer From Specimens Obtained During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (1993)

The authors report a scoring system based on cell image analysis of specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from either the biliary or pancreatic duct epithelium. Nine normal, 20 inflammatory, and 19 malignant epithelia were assessed using a cell-image processor that permits determination of morphometric (nuclear area), densitometric (nuclear DNA content), and textural (chromatin distribution) parameters on Feulgen-stained nuclei. The score is based on three densitometric parameters: the DNA histogram type, the nuclear DNA content, and the percent proliferating cell population. These parameters permit distinction of normal and inflammatory from malignant epithelium with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Cell-image analysis of specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a useful clinical tool in the detection of malignant lesions of the pancreas and biliary epithelia.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Critical Role of STAT3 in IL-6–Mediated Drug Resistance in Human Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF file 179K, A, SK-N-SH cells were transfected with a STAT3 siRNA nucleotide or a scrambled sequence as described in Materials and Methods. After 72 hours, cells were treated with IL-6 (10 ng/mL) and sIL-6R (25 ng/mL) for 30 minutes and cell lysates were examined for expression of pSTAT3 and STAT3 by Western blot. The data are representative of 3 separate experiments. B, In parallel experiments, siRNA transfected CHLA-255 cells were treated with IL-6 and sIL-6R for 24 hours for Annexin V expression by flow cytometry. The data represent the mean (�SD) percentage of Annexin V positive cells of the control (treated with etoposide, 0.25 mg/mL) from three independent experiments. C, SK-N-SH cells were treated with IL-6 (10 ng/ml) at indicated time points and total cell lysates (20 �g) were obtained and examined for the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins by Western blot. Actin was used as loading control. The data are representative of 2 separate experiments showing similar results&lt;/p&gt;
Chemical Synthesis of Fully and Partially Xyloadenosine-Substituted 2′, 5′-Oligoadenylates Designed as New Potential Antiviral and Antitumor Agents (1986)

Abstract Seven 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate analogues containing 9-β-D-xylofuranosyladenine (xyloaadenosine, XyloA) at the 2′-end or at other positions were synthesized by the phosphotriester method. These new analogues, from dimer to tetramers, exhibit antiproliferative activity which is probably due to their degradation to xyloadenosine units.
Binding of 2-Aryl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanamines and 1,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrrolidines to Human CCR5:  A Molecular Modeling-Guided Mutagenesis Study of the Binding Pocket (2003)

The results of investigations in these laboratories of 2-aryl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanamines and 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidines as human CCR5 antagonists have recently been disclosed. To facilitate further development of these antagonists, we have developed a pharmacophore model based on the structure-activity relationships (SAR) and a human CCR5 receptor docking model using the crystal structure of rhodopsin as a template [Palczewski, K., et al. (2000) Science 289, 739-745]. Guided by the receptor docking model, we have mapped the compounds' site of interaction with CCR5 using site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Our results are consistent with a binding site for the two series that is located within a cavity near the extracellular surface formed by transmembrane helices 2, 3, 6, and 7. This site is overlapping yet distinct from that reported for another antiviral agent which binds to CCR5 [Dragic, T., et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 5639-5644].
Preface of Minisymposium “Second Symposium on Mathematical Modeling of Hydrological Sciences” (2017)

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