gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture perfusion schedules influence the metabolic activity and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor production rates of human bone marrow stromal cells (1991)

The metabolic function and GM-CSF production rates of adherent human bone marrow stromal cells were investigated as functions of medium and serum feeding rates. A range of medium exchange schedules was studied, ranging from a typical Dexter culture protocol of one weekly medium exchange to a full media exchange daily, which more closely approximates what bone marrow cells experience in situ. Glucose consumption was found to be significantly higher at full daily exchange rate than at any other exchange schedule examined. However, the lactate yield on glucose was a constant, at 1.8 mol/mol, under all conditions considered. Differential serum vs. medium exchange experiment showed that both serum supply and medium nutrients were responsible for the altered behavior at high exchange rates. Glutamine consumption was found to be insignificant under all culture conditions examined. A change in exchange schedule from 50% daily medium exchange to full daily medium exchange after 14 days of culture was found to result in a transient production of GM-CSF and a change in metabolic behavior to resemble that of cultures which had full daily exchange from day one. These results suggest that both stromal cell metabolism and GM-CSF production are sensitive to medium exchange schedules. Taken together, the data presented indicate that attempts to model the function of human bone marrow in vitro may be well served by beginning with medium exchange schedules that more closely mimic the in vivo physiologic state of bone marrow.
HIV drug resistance acquired through superinfection (2005)

HIV drug resistance acquired through superinfection significantly lowers the likelihood of successful antiretroviral therapy and undermines the clinical value of a patient's prior drug resistance testing and lack of prior antiretroviral use.
A New Method of Backup-Cutter Layout To Extend Bit Life Without Sacrificing Rate of Penetration (2018)

Summary This paper discusses a new and general method of backup-cutter layout to extend bit life without sacrificing rate of penetration (ROP) and two field-case studies. This method includes the following aspects: Ensuring backup cutters do not cut or only partially cut when their primary cutters experience little-to-no wear and when the penetration per revolution of the bit does not exceed an expected value. This aspect is enabled by allowing backup cutters to have a minimal critical depth of cut that is greater than the depth of cut of the primary cutters. Ensuring that backup cutters act as active cutters when the primary cutters’ wear depth is equal to or greater than the underexposure of the backup cutters. This aspect is enabled by allowing each backup cutter to be rotationally behind its primary cutter by approximately 150° or greater. The underexposure of each backup cutter relative to its primary cutter is calculated carefully on the basis of the primary cutter's wear and drilling conditions.
Crowdphysics: Planned and Opportunistic Crowdsourcing for Physical Tasks (2021)

Research on human computation and crowdsourcing has concentrated on tasks that can be accomplished remotely over the Internet. We introduce a general class of problems we call crowdphysics (CP)---crowdsourcing tasks that require people to collaborate and synchronize both in time and physical space. As an illustrative example, we focus on a crowd-powered delivery service---a specific CP instance where people go about their daily lives, but have the opportunity to carry packages to be delivered to specific locations or individuals. Each package is handed off from person to person based on overlaps in time and space until it is delivered. We formulate CP tasks by reduction to a graph-planning problem, and analyze the performance using a large sample of geotagged tweets as a proxy for people's location. We show that packages can be delivered with remarkable speed and coverage. These results hold for the case when we know people's future locations and also when routing without global knowledge, making only local greedy decisions. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence that dynamic networks of mobile individuals are highly navigable.
The impact of weighting materials on carbonate pore system and rock characteristics (2021)

Abstract The infiltration of the drilling fluids into the drilled formation causes significant alterations in the rock properties due to the interaction between the drilling fluid and the rock pore system. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the most common weighting materials used in water‐based mud (WBM) on carbonate pore system and rock characteristics. Rock‐mud interaction was imposed by using a customized high‐pressure high‐temperature (HPHT) filtration test cell under 2068 kPa differential pressure and 93°C temperature to simulate downhole conditions. For filtration properties, ilmenite WBM showed the maximum values (10.9 cm 3 filtrate volume and 8.7 mm thickness), while baryte recorded the lowest filtrate volume (6.2 cm 3 ) and thickness (4.2 mm). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiles illustrated the changes in the rock pore system due to two aspects: precipitation and dissolution. A general porosity reduction was recorded with all formulations, namely 7.5% and 10.1% for hematite and ilmenite, respectively. The rock permeability showed severe damage after mud exposure that caused the rock average pore size to decrease from macro to meso‐porous. After the mud invasion, the rock electrical resistivity showed alterations with all drilling fluids. Compressional wave velocities (Vp) showed an increasing trend that ranged from 2.52% increase for baryte‐WBM to 6.35% increase by Micromax‐WBM. A general reduction was found for shear wave velocities (Vs) after mud exposure, Micromax‐WBM showed no changes in Vs, while hematite and ilmenite showed the largest decreases of 6.71% and 5.56%, respectively.
On-line handwriting recognition using character bigram match vectors (2003)

Describes an adaptive, partial-word-level, writer,dependent, handwriting recognition system that utilizes the character n-gram statistics of the English language. The system exploits the linguistic property that very few pairs of English words share exactly the same set of character bigrams. This property is used to bring linguistic context to the recognition stage. The recognition is based on, estimating the probability of bigram co-occurrences between words. Preliminary experiments using naive features and limited training sets show that the system can recognize over 60% of words it has never seen before in handwritten form. The system has only few trainable parameters. In addition, incremental training is computationally inexpensive.
A comparative study of FBMC prototype filters in doubly dispersive channels (2012)

Due to its numerous advantages, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been the broadband wireless access technology of choice for many wireless standards over the last decade. Recently, filterbank multicarrier (FBMC) technique is emerging as one of the alternatives to OFDM for next generation broadband wireless access systems. While there are several studies on FBMC in the literature, its potential merits over OFDM and possible implementation challenges in practical environments require further investigations. Purpose of the present paper is to review and emphasize the key benefits of FBMC technology, and provide a comparative study of different FBMC prototype filter designs in the literature under practical channel environments.
Phenotypic and biochemical analysis of an international cohort of individuals with variants in NAA10 and NAA15 (2019)

N-alpha-acetylation is one of the most common co-translational protein modifications in humans and is essential for normal cell function. NAA10 encodes for the enzyme NAA10, which is the catalytic subunit in the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex. The auxiliary and regulatory subunits of the NatA complex are NAA15 and Huntington-interacting protein (HYPK), respectively. Through a genotype-first approach with exome sequencing, we identified and phenotypically characterized 30 individuals from 30 unrelated families with 17 different de novo or inherited, dominantly acting missense variants in NAA10 or NAA15. Clinical features of affected individuals include variable levels of intellectual disability, delayed speech and motor milestones and autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, some subjects present with mild craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital cardiac anomalies and seizures. One of the individuals is an 11-year-old boy with a frameshift variant in exon 7 of NAA10, who presents most notably with microphthalmia, which confirms a prior finding with a single family with Lenz microphthalmia syndrome. Biochemical analyses of variants as part of the human NatA complex, as well as enzymatic analyses with and without the HYPK regulatory subunit, help to explain some of the phenotypic differences seen among the different variants.
A robot hand using electro-conjugate fluid (2011)

An electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a kind of functional fluid, which produces a jet flow (ECF jet) when subjected to high DC voltage. It is known that a strong ECF jet is generated under nonuniform electric field, for example, the field with a pair of needle and ring electrodes. This study introduces the ECF jet to develop a novel flexible robot hand. First, we characterize the ECF jet generator which could be a micro fluid pressure source of the robot hand, and confirm the effect of the variation of electrode parameters and the number of electrode pairs on its performance. Next, we investigate the characteristics of the robot finger which mainly consists of the ECF jet generator, a flexible rubber finger and an ECF tank. The robot finger is integrated with the pressure source (ECF jet generator) and the tank, and is successfully driven. Finally we developed a five-fingered flexible robot hand and demonstrate that the robot hand can grasp some objects with various shapes without any complex controller. The height, the width and the mass of the robot hand are approximately 60 mm, 40 mm and 15 g, respectively.
A dual in‐plane electrode structure for better brightness in a helix‐deformed FLCD (2001)

Abstract We propose a dual in‐plane parallel electrode structure of a vertical configuration of a helix‐deformed ferroelectric liquid crystal (HDFLC) mode for better brightness than a single in‐plain electrode case. This structure provides high brightness in addition to the analog gray scale capability, fast response, and wide‐viewing characteristics. In contrast to a conventional HDFLC in a planar geometry, smectic layers arrange themselves parallel to the substrates and thus extremely uniform alignment of molecules in a large area is naturally achieved in our new configuration.
Zen Notions of Landscape and Self Reflected in Tim Winton's 'Cloudstreet' (2017)

Nine-year-old Samson Lamb drowns when on a family fishing expedition. Seemingly through her concrete will, his mother brings him back to life; but what seems miraculous turns out otherwise, for Fish is alive but abnormal. The Lambs' quid pro quo kind of Christianity cannot withstand the assault. As newly converted atheists they head for Perth, where they rent half of the Pickles' decaying mansion, where for the next twenty years they swim in their own sea of incompletion. And for the next twenty years whenever he is near water, Fish must be tied to a tree or the seat of a boat to stop him plunging himself into eternity.
Supplementary Figure Legend from The Chemokine Receptor CXCR7 Is Highly Expressed in Human Glioma Cells and Mediates Antiapoptotic Effects (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legend from The Chemokine Receptor CXCR7 Is Highly Expressed in Human Glioma Cells and Mediates Antiapoptotic Effects
Th2‐type innate immune responses mediated by natural helper cells (2013)

Natural helper (NH) cells are a newly identified innate lymphocyte population that responds to a combination of interleukin (IL)-2 and either IL-25 or IL-33 to produce large amounts of T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines. NH cells have been identified in fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs), produce Th2 cytokines constitutively without any stimulation, and support the self-renewal of B1 cells and IgA production by B cells. Large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 produced upon helminth infection or in response to IL-33 can induce eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lung and intestine; these cytokines, which activate NH cells, play important roles in antihelminth immunity and allergic diseases such as asthma.
Terahertz Artificial Dielectric Stepped - Refractive- Index Lens (2018)

In this paper we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a stepped-refractive-index convergent lens made of a parallel stack of metallic plates for terahertz frequencies based on artificial dielectrics. The lens consist of a non-uniformly spaced stack of metallic plates, forming a mirror-symmetric array of parallel-plate waveguides (PPWGs). The theoretical and experimental results show that this structure is capable of focusing a 1 cm diameter beam to a line focus of less than 4 mm for the design frequency of 0.18 THz. This structure shows that this artificial-dielectric concept is an important technology for the fabrication of next generation terahertz devices.
Cyclic peptides. VIII. Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for slow cis'-trans' rotation in a cyclic tetrapeptide (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic peptides. VIII. Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for slow cis'-trans' rotation in a cyclic tetrapeptideCharles M. Deber, Eric T. Fossel, and Elkan R. BloutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 12, 4015–4017Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00819a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00819a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
P1‐378: Age, APOE e4, and ethnic effect on [C‐11]PiB in multinational ADNI studies: direct comparison of J‐ADNI, US‐ADNI and AIBL data (2011)

It has not been established whether the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele, age, and amyloid deposition is similar or different between ethnic groups. In this study, we evaluated the influence of APOE e4 and age on the cortical accumulation of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) in three multi-center studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with harmonized protocol; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (US-ADNI, U), Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL, A), and Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI, J). We analyzed the initial 11C-PiB scan data from US-ADNI: 19 cognitively normal (NL), 64 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and 19 AD patients, AIBL: 119 NL, 41 MCI, 27 AD, and J-ADNI: 46 NL, 32 MCI, and 21 AD. All the 11C-PiB PET images were acquired 50-70 min post-injection. The mean cortical standardized uptake value ratio (mcSUVR) in reference to cerebellar cortex was measured with the same platform of data analysis. The cut-off mcSUVR value for PiB-positivity was set at 1.5 for all the studies. The PiB-positive rate (%) in each group with or without e4 allele (e4+/e4-)were; NL (80/57), MCI (83/52), AD (100/88) in US-ADNI; NL (56/23), MCI (88/31), AD (100/100) in AIBL; and NL (59/7), MCI (100/44), AD (100/80) in J-ADNI. General linear model and logistic regression model were constructed to predict the mcSUVR and PiB positivity based on age, gene dose of e4 allele (0, 1, 2), and study (U, A, or J) as explanatory variables. Significant positive contribution (p<0.001) was estimated in age and e4, but no significant effect of the study group was observed for either mcSUVR value or PiB positivity in the data set of NL category and overall subjects. A single dose of e4 has equivalent contribution to 11.8 years of age for PiB positivity in NL group (Table 1). Our results suggest that the three multi-national ADNI data are feasible for combined analysis. Study effect or ethnic effect was estimated to be limited, however, age and e4 effect on amyloid deposition is similar in Japanese population to those in Caucasians, despite the lower e4 allele frequency in the Japanese population.
Development of pin screen mold for shaping porous aluminium three dimensionally (2019)

When using porous aluminum (Al) as a machinery member, it is necessary to shape it according to the purpose. We used precursor foaming process in this research. In our previous research, a pin screen mold was prepared by a stainless steel pin having heat resistance and ceramics honeycomb board, and the shape was applied only from below of the porous Al. In this research, fabrication of three-dimensional shape porous Al was attempted by applying the pin screen mold with three-dimensional pin direction. Two pin screen molds were placed in contact with each other for the horizontal direction, and then heating them with a precursor sandwiched between them in the space of the pins for foaming. A precursor was fabricated using a friction stir welding method. Heating was performed with optical heating apparatus using a halogen lamp. The pin screen mold was made by making a hole by pushing the shape of the model to be shaped into the aluminum foil, and then piercing the pin through a ceramic honeycomb board. The pore structures of the obtained porous Al were evaluated using X-ray computed tomography (CT) images. It was found that porous Al with three dimensional can be fabricated by the pin screen mold.
Substrate stereospecificity and active site topography of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase for beta-aryl-gamma-aminobutyric acid analogues. (1987)

The substrate and inhibitory properties of (R)- and (S)-4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid, (R)- and (S)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid (baclofens), (E)-4-amino-3-phenylbut-2-enoic acid, and (E)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)but-2-enoic acid are determined and compared with those of 4-aminobutanoic acid, 4-aminobut-2-enoic acid (4-aminocrotonic acid), and the racemic mixtures of 4-amino-3-arylbutanoic acids. All compounds in both series were found to be substrates, except for the R-isomers, which were identified as competitive inhibitors. These results are compared with known pharmacological data regarding the appropriate isomers.
Network protection system using linkographs (2023)

A method and apparatus for managing an attack on a computer system. A computer identifies actions taken by an adversary in the computer system and links connecting the actions over time using an ontology defining linking rules for linking the actions over time. The computer creates a graph of the actions with the links connecting the actions over time. The graph shows a number of patterns of behavior for the adversary. The computer then identifies a protective action to take with respect to the computer system using the graph of the actions taken by the adversary.
ChemInform Abstract: AMP Deaminase Inhibitors. Part 4. Further N3‐Substituted Coformycin Aglycon Analogues: N3‐Alkylmalonates as Ribose 5′‐Monophosphate Mimetics. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regional synapse gain and loss accompany memory formation in larval zebrafish (2022)

Defining the structural and functional changes in the nervous system underlying learning and memory represents a major challenge for modern neuroscience. Although changes in neuronal activity following memory formation have been studied [B. F. Grewe et al., <i>Nature</i> 543, 670-675 (2017); M. T. Rogan, U. V. Stäubli, J. E. LeDoux, <i>Nature</i> 390, 604-607 (1997)], the underlying structural changes at the synapse level remain poorly understood. Here, we capture synaptic changes in the midlarval zebrafish brain that occur during associative memory formation by imaging excitatory synapses labeled with recombinant probes using selective plane illumination microscopy. Imaging the same subjects before and after classical conditioning at single-synapse resolution provides an unbiased mapping of synaptic changes accompanying memory formation. In control animals and animals that failed to learn the task, there were no significant changes in the spatial patterns of synapses in the pallium, which contains the equivalent of the mammalian amygdala and is essential for associative learning in teleost fish [M. Portavella, J. P. Vargas, B. Torres, C. Salas, <i>Brain Res. Bull</i> 57, 397-399 (2002)]. In zebrafish that formed memories, we saw a dramatic increase in the number of synapses in the ventrolateral pallium, which contains neurons active during memory formation and retrieval. Concurrently, synapse loss predominated in the dorsomedial pallium. Surprisingly, we did not observe significant changes in the intensity of synaptic labeling, a proxy for synaptic strength, with memory formation in any region of the pallium. Our results suggest that memory formation due to classical conditioning is associated with reciprocal changes in synapse numbers in the pallium.
Search for heavy neutrinos and right-handed W bosons in events with two leptons and jets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7~\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector (2012)

This letter reports on a search for hypothetical heavy neutrinos, <i>N</i>, and right-handed gauge bosons, <i>W</i><sub>R</sub>, in events with high transverse momentum objects which include two reconstructed leptons and at least one hadronic jet. The results were obtained from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb<sup>-1</sup> collected in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed. Excluded mass regions for Majorana and Dirac neutrinos are presented using two approaches for interactions that violate lepton and lepton-flavor numbers. One approach uses an effective operator framework, the other approach is guided by the Left-Right Symmetric Model. The results described in this letter represent the most stringent limits to date on the masses of heavy neutrinos and <i>W</i><sub>R</sub> bosons obtained in direct searches.