gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transdermal wires for improved integration in vivo (2023)

Alternative engineering approaches have led the design of implants with controlled physical features to minimize adverse effects in biological tissues. Similar efforts have focused on optimizing the design features of percutaneous VAD drivelines with the aim to prevent infection, omitting however a thorough look on the implant-skin interactions that govern local tissue reactions. Here, we utilized an integrated approach for the biophysical modification of transdermal implants and their evaluation by chronic sheep implantation in comparison to the standard of care VAD drivelines. We developed a novel method for the transfer of breath topographical features on thin wires with modular size. We examined the impact of implant's diameter, surface topography, and chemistry on macroscopic, histological, and physical markers of inflammation, fibrosis, and mechanical adhesion. All implants demonstrated infection-free performance. The fibrotic response was enhanced by the increasing diameter of implants but not influenced by their surface properties. The implants of small diameter promoted mild inflammatory responses with improved mechanical adhesion and restricted epidermal downgrowth, in both silicone and polyurethane coated transdermal wires. On the contrary, the VAD drivelines with larger diameter triggered severe inflammatory reactions with frequent epidermal downgrowth. We validated these effects by quantifying the infiltration of macrophages and the level of vascularization in the fibrotic zone, highlighting the critical role of size reduction for the benign integration of transdermal implants with skin. This insight on how the biophysical properties of implants impact local tissue reactions could enable new solutions on the transdermal transmission of power, signal, and mass in a broad range of medical devices.
Managing Spodoptera Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Found in Brazilian Soybean Fields with Bt Soybean and Insecticides (2022)

Genetically modified (GM) soybeans expressing Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac (event MON 87701 × MON 89788 × MON 87751 × MON 87708) and Cry1Ac (event MON 87701 × MON 89788) from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are valuable technologies for managing key lepidopteran pests of soybean in South America, but do not provide stand-alone protection against Spodoptera species. Here, we evaluated the use of these Bt soybeans and their integration with insecticides for managing Spodoptera species. Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean provided reasonable levels of protection against S. cosmioides, S. albula, and S. eridania. However, S. frugiperda had higher survival on this Bt soybean, and Cry1Ac soybean showed low lethality against all species evaluated. Spodoptera larvae that survived on Bt and non-Bt soybean showed comparable susceptibility to flubendiamide and thiodicarb in diet-overlay bioassays. Regardless of soybean plant type, the field doses of flubendiamide and thiodicarb were effective in controlling surviving Spodoptera larvae. We conclude that Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean is effective in controlling S. cosmioides and S. albula, and also has reasonable control of S. eridania, but not S. frugiperda. Cry1Ac soybean provided poor control of all Spodoptera species. Nonetheless, Spodoptera larvae surviving on both Bt and non-Bt soybean were controlled by flubendiamide and thiodicarb. Thus, integrated control tactics would provide effective management of Spodoptera species in Bt soybean fields in South America.
Reductive hydroformylation with a selective and highly active rhodium amine system (2021)

Direct synthesis of alcohols from olefins via reductive hydroformylation is important for various applications. Catalytic systems of rhodium in combination with tertiary amines are highly selective but have rarely been reported. Little is known about the role of tertiary amines or even if they act as ligands during the catalytic cycle. In this research, the role of the amine during those reactions was investigated in depth. As a model reaction, 1-octene was converted to 1-nonanol using a molecular rhodium catalyst in combination with various trialkylamines. Identification of important parameters such as the amine concentration and the carbon monoxide partial pressure hint that there is a susceptible equilibrium for the catalytically active species. A Tolman-like map was created in which the steric bulkiness and the basicity of employed amines was compared to the hydrogenation activity of the resulting reaction system. A clear dependency on steric and electronic constraints was found, which is typical for metal bound ligands. The nature of the catalyst was intensively studied via 13C- and 103Rh-NMR during which the equilibrium of several anionic rhodium species was identified. High pressure in situ 1H NMR showed the presence of two major hydride species during the reaction. The equilibrium of those hydrides is heavily influenced by the nature of the applied amine indicating that it is essential for the hydride formation. Complementary in situ IR-experiments confirmed the formation of anionic rhodium species in presence of triethylamine with [Rh(CO)4]− being the major rhodium-carbonyl species.
Optimization of CMOS Image Sensor Utilizing Variable Temporal Multi-Sampling Partial Transfer Technique to Achieve Full-frame High Dynamic Range with Superior Low Light and Stop Motion Capability (2017)

Differential Binary Pixel Technology is a threshold-based timing, readout and image reconstruction method that utilizes sub-frame partial charge transfer technique in a standard four-transistor (4T) pixel CMOS Image sensor (CIS) to achieve HDR video with Stop Motion. This technology improves low light signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) by up to 21dB. The method is verified in silicon using a TSMC 65nm 1.1&#x3BC;m pixel technology 1 megapixel (MP) test chip array and is compared with a traditional 4&#xD7; oversampling technique using full charge transfer. The test chip is also compared with the iPhone 6s rear view camera to show superior HDR video capability.
The cross talk between oxyLDL and inflammation in atherosclerosis (2015)

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), one of the scavenger receptors for oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), plays a crucial role in signaling pathways involved in the process of oxidative stress and inflammation. As evidence supporting the vital role of LOX-1 keeps accumulating, there is growing interest in LOX-1 as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we review the discovery and genetics of LOX-1, describe existing evidence supporting the role of LOX-1 in atherogenesis and its major complicationmyocardial ischemia, and summarize its modulation by some naturally occurring compounds that could be of therapeutic use. Ox-LDL/LOX-1 relationship appears to be an important player in the development of atherosclerosis and its sequelae, such as MI and cardiac remodeling. The scavenger receptor LOX-1 activates most, if not all, signaling from the beginning to culmination of major lifethreatening events related to this malady. From genetic studies, it is quite evident that certain individuals have propensity to develop CAD-related events. Since the current therapies of coronary heart disease, mainly LDL-cholesterol lowering drugs, are ineffective in a large number of patients, there is need for new targets that focus on the underlying signals of the disease process. A host of strategies are being proposed that would either block oxidation of LDL-cholesterol and/or reduce the expression of LOX-1. While the development of these strategies is eagerly awaited, some naturally occurring compounds appear quite promising and deserve clinical trials.
Evaluation of bacterial cellulose as a new patch material for closure of muscular ventricular septal defects (2010)

Objective: Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is an innovative biomaterial with unique properties such as high mechanical strength, high water content and poor degradation in vivo. The fiber network structures show similarities to those of collagen. Recent studies have shown that the BC might have a potential to be used as a scaffold in tissue engineering. Thus, aim of this study was evaluation of the in vivo biocompatibility of BC in the heart and the applicabilities as a patch material for muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSD).
mBio Addresses the Pause in Gain-of-Function (GOF) Experiments Involving Pathogens with Pandemic Potential (PPP) (2014)

Since the spring of 2014, there has been a vibrant debate in the scientific community about the benefits and risks of so-called gain-of-function (GOF) studies involving pathogens with pandemic potential and particularly highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (1). In October 2014, the U.S. government announced a pause for research involving GOF experiments with three respiratory viruses—influenza virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus—if that research could be “reasonably anticipated” to enhance their pathogenicity or transmissibility (http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/10/17/doing-diligence-assess-risks-and-benefits-life-sciences-gain-function-research), a pause that is currently in effect. In the same month, the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) met …
High-speed gray-scale laser direct-write technology for micro-optic fabrication (2003)

Binary Laser Direct-Write (LDW) raster-scan technology for UV exposure of photosensitive materials has been used for single or multiple-pass exposure applications. Gray-scale LDW can be applied to manufacture of 3-D optical structures, but the system requirements are substantially different, since edge slopes and surface departures must be controlled to within fractions of a wavelength.. In this paper, we explore the differences between binary and gray-scale raster imaging applied to micro-optic fabrication, and compare the system model with a prototype high-speed, gray-scale LDW tool that was developed from a Laser Direct Imaging tool originally designed for binary applications.
Approximate volume rendering for curvilinear and unstructured grids by hardware-assisted polyhedron projection (2000)

A hardware polygon rendering pipeline can be used with hardware compositing to volume render arbitrary unstructured grids composed of convex polyhedral cells. This technique is described, together with the global sorting necessary for back-to-front compositing, and the modifications that must be made to approximate curvilinear cells, whose faces may not be planar.© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 53–61, 2000
Synthesis of Fivefold Stellate Polyhedral Gold Nanoparticles with {110}‐Facets via a Seed‐Mediated Growth Method (2012)

New Type of Gold Nanoparticle: A new class of fivefold stellate polyhedral gold nanoparticles (FSPAuNPs) with {110} facets have been synthesized by a seed-mediated growth method without adding surfactant. The size of FSPAuNPs can be simply adjusted from nanoscale to microscale by varying the amount of seeds, which results in a shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak from the visible to the NIR range.
Plasma processes for the manufacture of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) (2008)

International audience
Can epigenetics help in the discovery of therapeutics for psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia? (2009)

Psychiatric disorders have a heterogeneous biological basis, where environmental factors interplay with non-mendelian genetics to produce complex cognitive/behavioural syndromes such as schizophrenia. Recent findings indicate a proportion of schizophrenia is associated with genomic copy number variation, suggesting that alteration of gene expression levels rather than direct mutation may play a role. Epigenetic mechanisms could be the crucial link between external stimuli and gene expression, influencing schizophrenia risk. These are dynamic reversible systems that offer much promise as targets for future therapies.
Monte Carlo simulation of stoquastic Hamiltonians (2015)

Stoquastic Hamiltonians are characterized by the property that their off-diagonal matrix elements in the standard product basis are real and non-positive. Many interesting quantum models fall into this class including the Transverse field Ising Model (TIM), the Heisenberg model on bipartite graphs, and the bosonic Hubbard model. Here we consider the problem of estimating the ground state energy of a local stoquastic Hamiltonian $H$ with a promise that the ground state of $H$ has a non-negligible correlation with some `guiding' state that admits a concise classical description. A formalized version of this problem called Guided Stoquastic Hamiltonian is shown to be complete for the complexity class $\MA$ (a probabilistic analogue of $\NP$). To prove this result we employ the Projection Monte Carlo algorithm with a variable number of walkers. Secondly, we show that the ground state and thermal equilibrium properties of the ferromagnetic TIM can be simulated in polynomial time on a classical probabilistic computer. This result is based on the approximation algorithm for the classical ferromagnetic Ising model due to Jerrum and Sinclair (1993).
MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Common Translocations. (2007)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. It is estimated that 13,410 cases will be diagnosed and 8,990 will die of AML in the United States in 2007 (http://seer.cancer.gov). AML is a genetically diverse hematopoietic malignancy with variable response to treatment. Expression profiling of protein-coding genes using DNA microarray in AML has resulted in inconsistent data from different laboratories. Therefore, further validation of these observations in large cohorts and in independent studies is definitely required before clinical application becomes feasible. Recently, Golub and colleagues described a new, bead-based flow cytometric microRNA (miRNAs, miRs) expression profiling method that could successfully classify tumors. MiRNAs are endogenous ∼22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs, which can function as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. To provide new insights into the complex genetic alterations in leukemogenesis and to identify novel markers for diagnosis and treatment of AML, we performed a genome-wide analysis of miRNA expression profiles using the bead-based method on 54 AML samples with common translocations including t(15;17), t(8;21), inv(16), and 11q23 rearrangement, along with normal controls. In both unsupervised and supervised hierarchical cluster analyses, we observed that t(15;17) samples grouped together as one cluster, as do the 11q23 rearrangement samples. Interestingly, t(8;21) and inv(16), both CBF (core-binding factor) AMLs, grouped together as a unique cluster. Forty-one miRNAs exhibited significantly differential expression between different subtypes of AMLs, and/or between AMLs and normal controls. Notably, expression signature of a minimal number of two, three, and seven miRNAs could be used for class prediction of CBF, t(15;17), and 11q23 rearrangement AMLs, respectively, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 94–96%. We further showed that overexpression of the two discriminatory miRNAs in CBF AML is associated with epigenetic regulation, rather than DNA copy number amplification. Moreover, several important target genes of these discriminatory miRNAs have also been validated. We are currently exploring the role of these discriminatory miRNAs and their critical target genes in the development of AML using in vitro and in vivo models. This work will enhance our understanding of the biological role of these miRNAs and their targets in leukemogenesis.
Combined multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging and computed tomography system for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment (2017)

There is a dire clinical need for surgical margin guidance in breast conserving therapy (BCT). We present a multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system, spanning the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, combined with a shielded X-ray computed tomography (CT) system, designed for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment. While the CT can provide a volumetric visualization of the tumor core and its spiculations, the co-registered SFDI can provide superficial and quantitative information about localized changes tissue morphology from light scattering parameters. These light scattering parameters include both model-based parameters of sub-diffusive light scattering related to the particle size scale distribution and also textural information of the high spatial frequency reflectance. Because the SFDI and CT components are rigidly fixed, a simple transformation can be used to simultaneously display the SFDI and CT data in the same coordinate system. This is achieved through the Visualization Toolkit (vtk) file format in the open-source Slicer medical imaging software package. In this manuscript, the instrumentation, data processing, and preliminary human specimen data will be presented. The ultimate goal of this work is to evaluate this technology in a prospective clinical trial, and the current limitations and engineering solutions to meet this goal will also be discussed.
Designing better nano biosensors: Role of pore confinement of biomolecules (2011)

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nano confinement in designing molecular biosensors. We have been investigating micro devices incorporated with nanoporous membranes as molecular bio-sensor platforms. Ultra low detection of biomolecules is the key expectation from the new class of molecular biosensors utilizing nanomaterial. In this paper we have evaluated the role of the physical attributes of nano-porous aluminum oxide membranes in nanoconfinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection of protein biomolecules. In this biosensor configuration we have generated a sandwich assay in a high density array of nanoscale confined spaces generated by overlaying the nanoporous alumina membrane over metallic microscale sensing sites. The binding of the biomolecules results in the perturbation of the electrical double layer due to the binding of the test protein (C-reactive protein). Using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the capacitance changes in the electrical double layer associated with specific protein binding has been evaluated. The sensor performance metrics of sensitivity and dynamic range have been analyzed with changes in the pore diameter.
Synaptotagmin 1 clamps synaptic vesicle fusion in mammalian neurons independent of complexin (2019)

Synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis is mediated by SNARE proteins. Reconstituted SNAREs are constitutively active, so a major focus has been to identify fusion clamps that regulate their activity in synapses: the primary candidates are synaptotagmin (syt) 1 and complexin I/II. Syt1 is a Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor for SV release that binds Ca<sup>2+</sup> via tandem C2-domains, C2A and C2B. Here, we first determined whether these C2-domains execute distinct functions. Remarkably, the C2B domain profoundly clamped all forms of SV fusion, despite synchronizing residual evoked release and rescuing the readily-releasable pool. Release was strongly enhanced by an adjacent C2A domain, and by the concurrent binding of complexin to trans-SNARE complexes. Knockdown of complexin had no impact on C2B-mediated clamping of fusion. We postulate that the C2B domain of syt1, independent of complexin, is the molecular clamp that arrests SVs prior to Ca<sup>2+</sup>-triggered fusion.
Recasting of Financial Transactions : A Legal Analysis - With a particular focus on the Credit Suisse international v Stichting Vestia Groep [2014] EWHC 3103(comm) - (2020)

Credit Suisse international v Stichting Vestia Groep [2014] EWHC 3103(comm) 사건에서 영국 1심 법원은 경제적 실질을 근거로 다수 금융거래의 일체성을 인정하였다. 당사자가 다수의 거래를 체결하였음에도 불구하고 법원이 사후적으로 이들을 하나의 계약이라 재구성하는 것은 당사자에게 예기치 못한 법적 위험을 가져올 수 있다.BR 금융거래의 일체성은 우리 자본시장에서도 여러 문제와 연결된다. 대표적으로 백투백 거래, 키코 거래, 리포 거래는 다수 금융거래를 기반으로 한다는 점에서 언제든지 하나의 계약으로 재구성될수 있는 위험을 갖는다. 일체성 인정 여부에 따라 금융거래법적으로는 계약의 유효성, 원상회복의 범위, 계약의 내용이 달라질 수 있고, 금융규제법적으로는 규제 위반의 범위와 정도가 달라질 수 있다.BR 우리 민법 제137조에 대한 해석론은 법률행위의 일체성을 판단하는 두 기준으로 당사자의 주관적 의사, 법률행위 간의 객관적 관련성을 제시한다. 판례는 이 두 기준을 동등하게 활용하는 것으로 평가되는데, 간혹 객관적 관련성만을 근거로 일체성을 인정했다는 비판을 받기도 한다. 그러나 판례는 당사자의 주관적 의사를 우선하며, 객관적 관련성은 당사자의 의사를 판단하는 요소 중 하나로 고려하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 현대 금융공학의 발전에 따라 당사자는 동일한 경제적 기능을 수행하는 상품을 다양한 방식으로 설계할 수 있다는 점, 오늘날 파생상품 거래는 포트폴리오적인 관점에서 거래된다는 점 등을 고려할 때에 금융거래의 일체성 판단에 있어서도 당사자의 주관적 의사가 우선적으로 고려되어야 하며, 경제적 실질을 이유로 이를 재구성하는 것은 자제되어야 한다. 다만 규제 회피를 목적으로 다수 금융거래를 체결한 경우에는 예외적으로 일체성을 인정해야 한다. 세법에 관한 대법원 판결의 법리를 유추하여 당해 금융거래의 법적 형식과 경제적 실질 사이에 괴리가 있으며, 그러한 괴리가 당사자 일방 또는 쌍방에 대한 금융규제를 회피하기 위한 목적에서 비롯된 경우에 일체성을 인정하는 것이 타당하다.
Gadomer-enhanced MR Imaging in the Detection of Microvascular Obstruction: Alleviation with Nicorandil Therapy (2005)

Gadomer-enhanced MR imaging can be used to quantify small microvascular obstruction regions 24 hours after reperfusion. Intravenous therapy with nicorandil reduces formation of microvascular obstruction regions.
Harmonization of multi-site diffusion tensor imaging data (2017)

Abstract Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a well-established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used for studying microstructural changes in the white matter. As with many other imaging modalities, DTI images suffer from technical between-scanner variation that hinders comparisons of images across imaging sites, scanners and over time. Using fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps of 205 healthy participants acquired on two different scanners, we show that the DTI measurements are highly site-specific, highlighting the need of correcting for site effects before performing downstream statistical analyses. We first show evidence that combining DTI data from multiple sites, without harmonization, is counter-productive and negatively impacts the inference. Then, we propose and compare several harmonization approaches for DTI data, and show that ComBat, a popular batch-effect correction tool used in genomics, performs best at modeling and removing the unwanted inter-site variability in FA and MD maps. Using age as a biological phenotype of interest, we show that ComBat both preserves biological variability and removes the unwanted variation introduced by site. Finally, we assess the different harmonization methods in the presence of different levels of confounding between site and age, in addition to test robustness to small sample size studies.