gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achievable Sum-Rate Analysis of Practical Multiuser Scheduling Schemes with Limited Feedback (2007)

We study the performance of fair physical layer schedulers that select a pair of orthogonal users for simultaneous transmission. The schemes rely on partial channel state information compatible with 3GPP specifications and differ with respect to their usage of channel quality indicator in scheduling decisions. Closed-form expressions for the achievable sum-rate of three practical scheduling algorithms are derived.
The Price for Asynchronous Execution of Extern Functions in Programmable Software Data Planes (2020)

Target-independent packet processing languages such as P4 support diverse hardware and software targets by generalizing over the set of primitive operations available on the target. Architecture models declare extern functions through which functionalities of the underlying target can be accessed. Though they can be invoked at any location in the packet processing pipeline, their implementation details are opaque to the data plane program. In P4, the language specification does not define whether the extern function calls are synchronous or asynchronous control statements - supposedly synchronous by default. However, there are use cases when the asynchronous invocation makes more sense, letting the main thread keep processing packets while the extern operation is being performed by a dedicated resource (dedicated thread, CPU core or GPU) or an accelerator device (cryptographic co-processor or accelerator card). This paper examines how asynchronous extern function calls can be implemented in high-performance software data planes defined in P4, what overheads must be taken into account and which factors affect the price we have to pay for the asynchronous invocation. Our evaluation reveals the trade-off between the packet processing performance and the ratio of the computational cost of the extern function to the overhead caused by the asynchronous execution model.
Activity-Dependent Intracellular Acidification Correlates with the Duration of Seizure Activity (2000)

Synchronized neuronal activity (seizures) can appear in the presence or absence of synaptic transmission. Mechanisms of seizure initiation in each of these conditions have been studied, but relatively few studies have addressed seizure termination. In particular, how are seizures terminated in the absence of synaptic activity where there is no loss of excitatory drive or augmentation of inhibitory inputs? We have studied dynamic activity-dependent changes of intracellular pH in the absence of synaptic transmission using the fluorescent pH indicator carboxylseminaphthorhodafluo-1. During epileptiform activity we observed intracellular acidification, whereas between seizures the intracellular pH recovered. Experimental conditions that shortened the epileptiform discharge correlated with more rapid intracellular acidification. On the other hand, experimental manipulation of intracellular pH altered the duration of the seizure discharge, with acidification resulting in early termination of the epileptiform activity. These data show a direct relationship between the level of intracellular acidification and the duration of the seizures, suggesting that an intracellular pH-dependent process can terminate nonsynaptic neuronal synchronization.
Enhanced wavelength converslon based on SOA XGM and XPM (2001)

Since its initial proposal SLALOM (Semiconductor Laser Amplifier in a Loop Optical Mirror),1 also known as TOAD (Teraherz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer),2 has attracted a great interest as high speed switching device. This topology offers unique advantages such as low control pulse energy and compactness, no dispersion and no walk-off. Operation as wavelength converter requires careful positioning of the SOA near the loop center,3 to obtain steep and short switching windows, desirable for high-speed WDM telecom signals.
A new, easy to use light source for CARS microscopy based on an optical parametric oscillator (2007)

A new, broadly tuneable synchronously pumped picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy is presented. It is based on a non-critically phase-matched LBO crystal, pumped by the second harmonic (532 nm) of a mode-locked Nd: Vanadate laser.The tuning range covers 680 nm to 990 nm (Signal beam) and 1150 nm to 2450 nm (Idler beam), thus completely substituting picosecond - Ti:Sapphire lasers. By using the Signal and Idler as pump and Stokes beams for CARS microscopy, this translates into a vibrational frequency range of ~1350 - &gt;10.000 cm−1.Both beams are extracted from the same cavity mirror and therefore propagate collinearly. Due to the mechanism of their generation, Signal and Idler are optically synchronized, and thus, perfectly overlap in space and in time with no jitter.The 5 ps pulses generated are close to transform limited and of excellent beam quality (M2 &lt; 1,1) and show a high pointing stability. The output power for Signal and Idler is about 2 W @ 4 W pump power leading to 50% overall conversion efficiency.The perfect spatial and temporal overlap, stable operation, and broad tuneability makes the described OPO an ideal and nearly hands-free laser source for CARS microscopy. The longer operational wavelength range results in higher penetration depths and lower sample photodamage than previously reported systems. Thus, our CARS source is optimized to image highly heterogeneous tissue samples, as will be shown in several applications. The latest methods for further sensitivity improvements will be presented.
Analyzing Sequencing Reactions from Bacteriophage M13 by Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1996)

The current demand for improved DNA sequencing methodologies posed by the Human Genome Project has spurred the investigation of alternatives to gel electrophoresis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has great potential for the rapid analysis of DNA fragments. Mock Sanger sequencing mixtures have been successfully analyzed by MALDI by pooling synthesized oligonucleotides corresponding to the M13 bacteriophage sequence. More recently, analyses of Sanger sequencing fragments enzymatically generated from synthetic templates of 45 or 50 bases were reported. In the present study, these feasibility demonstrations are extended to show MALDI sequencing from the M13 bacteriophage DNA template commonly used in actual Sanger sequencing. The results show sequence determination for extension products up to 35 bases in length. Different desalting and purification procedures were investigated and it was found that salt could be efficiently reduced by removal of the template in a post-reaction step. Work in progress to stabilize DNA by chemical modification, employed in conjunction with the methods described here, should enable significant extension of the length of readable sequence.
The predictive strength of next-generation sequencing MRD detection for relapse compared with current methods in childhood ALL (2015)

The predictive strength of next-generation sequencing MRD detection for relapse compared with current methods in childhood ALL
Selective inhibitors of JAK2 kinase as potential therapeutic agents (2007)

B235 Limited options provided by the current standard of care for the patients suffering from myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) prompted an extensive search for the underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders. Recent discovery of a single activating mutation (V617F) in JAK2 kinase gene associated with the development of the polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) opened up a possibility to develop highly targeted therapies against these debilitating ailments. To that end, we engineered cytokine-independent Ba/F3 cell line expressing the V617F mutant of JAK2 to screen a focused small molecule library for potential inhibitors of JAK2 V617F -dependent proliferation. We confirmed the ability of hit compounds to inhibit proliferation of JAK2-dependent tumor cell lines using UKE-1 and SET-2 cells carrying the V617F JAK2 mutation. A FACS-based phosphoSTAT5 assay was then used to demonstrate that the hits directly targeted mutant JAK2. JAK3 activity of each compound was evaluated in IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell line using phosphoSTAT5 FACS and proliferation assays. To avoid hits with nonspecific antiproliferative activity, the hits were tested in JAK2-independent MOLT4, A549 and H1299 cell lines. Compound hits with the desirable properties were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit JAK2, JAK3 and other kinases in the context of T cell, B cell, or mast cell activation using a variety of cell-based assays as well as in the in vitro biochemical assays. We identified a number of compounds that potently inhibit growth of the two V617F mutant cell lines with EC50s varying from 20 to 500 nM, but do not affect proliferation of control cell lines MOLT4, A549 and H1299 to the same degree. These compounds induce strong and highly specific suppression of STAT5 phosphorylation with IC50s of 10 to 200 nM in SET-2 and V617F JAK2 expressing Ba/F3 cells. One of the hits with the desirable biological and pharmacokinetic profiles was further evaluated in V617F JAK2 Ba/F3 engraftment mouse model where it demonstrated significant extension of survival at 150 and 200 mg/kg bid. Such potent JAK2 inhibitors could become the basis for the next generation of compounds targeting JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative diseases.
Applications of Automaton Groups in Cryptography (2023)

In 1991 the first public key protocol involving automaton groups has been proposed. In this paper we give a survey about algorithmic problems around automaton groups which may have potential applications in cryptography. We then present a new public key protocol based on the conjugacy search problem in some families of automaton groups. At the end we offer open problems that could be of interest of group theorists and computer scientists in this direction.
Combining low-dk properties with fast processing and low temperature curing for an advanced packaging dielectric material for 5G (2020)

5G requirements are pushing established materials to their limits. New materials are required to enable the cost-efficient production of reliable high frequency components. Merck has established a development program to meet these requirements with a combination of processability, reliability and yield.
Two SC-CMFB networks used in fully differential OTA: measurements and improvements (2002)

Two SC common mode feedbacks are separately used to control the output dc level of a fully differential OTA. Both circuits are compared in order to put forward their drawbacks and advantages. Simulations and measurements are presented for both circuits. They show that the design of these SC networks has to be optimized in order to reduce their sensitivity to the layout. Finally the performance of the amplifier is presented, it achieves 70 dB of dc gain, 50 MHz of gain-bandwidth and a phase margin greater than 80 degrees.
Supplementary Table 3 from Identifying Allelic Loss and Homozygous Deletions in Pancreatic Cancer without Matched Normals Using High-Density Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Identifying Allelic Loss and Homozygous Deletions in Pancreatic Cancer without Matched Normals Using High-Density Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays
Transesterification of Methylbenzoate with Alcohols Catalyzed by Natural Phosphate (2006)

Abstract Transesterification of methylbenzoate with various alcohols was catalyzed by natural phosphate with or without solvent in heterogeneous media. The molar ratio of alcohol/ester, solvent effect, and weight of catalyst effect have been studied. We have found that the nature of alcohol and the reaction temperature play an important role in the transesterification process. The catalyst can be regenerated and reused without lost of activity.
Analysis and Optimization of Variable-Frequency Soft-Switching Peak Current Mode Control Techniques for Microinverters (2017)

This paper presents a detailed power loss model for a microinverter with three different zero voltage switching boundary conduction mode (BCM) current modulation methods. The model is used to calculate the optimum peak current boundaries for each modulation method. Based on the power loss model, a dual-zone modulation method is proposed to further improve the microinverter efficiency. The proposed modulation method provides two main benefits: the addition of one more soft switching transition and low inductor peak current. The additional soft switching transition reduces switching losses by means of zero current switching. The lower peak current boundary reduces inductor rms current and conduction losses as well as allowing the output filter inductor to be smaller and more efficient. An improved BCM peak current control method was proposed and implemented on a microinverter prototype. The control circuit provides a highly accurate representation of the filter inductor current waveform and also provides galvanic isolation that simplifies control circuit design. The experimental results on a 400-W three-phase half-bridge microinverter validate the theoretical analysis of the power loss distribution and demonstrate that further improvement in efficiency can be achieved by using the proposed dual-zone modulation method.
Scalable Collaborative Learning via Representation Sharing (2022)

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become a key conundrum for multi-party artificial intelligence. Federated learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are two frameworks that enable collaborative learning while keeping the data private (on device). In FL, each data holder trains a model locally and releases it to a central server for aggregation. In SL, the clients must release individual cut-layer activations (smashed data) to the server and wait for its response (during both inference and back propagation). While relevant in several settings, both of these schemes have a high communication cost, rely on server-level computation algorithms and do not allow for tunable levels of collaboration. In this work, we present a novel approach for privacy-preserving machine learning, where the clients collaborate via online knowledge distillation using a contrastive loss (contrastive w.r.t. the labels). The goal is to ensure that the participants learn similar features on similar classes without sharing their input data. To do so, each client releases averaged last hidden layer activations of similar labels to a central server that only acts as a relay (i.e., is not involved in the training or aggregation of the models). Then, the clients download these last layer activations (feature representations) of the ensemble of users and distill their knowledge in their personal model using a contrastive objective. For cross-device applications (i.e., small local datasets and limited computational capacity), this approach increases the utility of the models compared to independent learning and other federated knowledge distillation (FD) schemes, is communication efficient and is scalable with the number of clients. We prove theoretically that our framework is well-posed, and we benchmark its performance against standard FD and FL on various datasets using different model architectures.
Structural characterization of the N-linked oligosaccharides in bile salt-stimulated lipase originated from human breast milk (1999)

The detailed structures of N- glycans derived from bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) found in human milk were determined by combining exoglycosidase digestion with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The N- glycan structures were conclusively determined in terms of complexity and degree of fucosylation. Ion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, together with mass-spectral analysis of the esterified N- glycans, indicated the presence of monosialylated structures. The molecular mass profile of esterified N- glycans present in BSSL further permitted the more detailed studies through collision-induced dissociation (CID) and sequential exoglycosidase cleavages. The N- glycan structures were elucidated to be complex/dibranched, fucosylated/complex/dibranched, monosialylated/complex/dibranched, and monosialylated/fucosylated/dibranched entities.
Electrocatalysts Based on Cobalt- and Nitrogen-Doped Nanocarbon Composites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2020)

With an increasing energy demand, there is a need for renewable energy conversion devices. Among the possible options are low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells, in which electrocatalysts play vital roles, especially on the cathode, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs. The most efficient electrocatalysts for the ORR are based on noble metals, mainly platinum, which however have various disadvantages including their high price and scarcity. As a replacement, different transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (M−N−C) catalyst materials have shown great promise. 1,2 Herein, a composite of nanocarbons, namely carbide-derived carbon/carbon nanotube (CDC/CNT), is employed as a support to produce the M−N−C type of catalysts. This composite offers a novel catalyst structure in which both micro- and mesopores are present that can be beneficial for the anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) application. The doping was done via pyrolysis at 800 °C in the presence of a cobalt salt and a nitrogen precursor (either dicyandiamide, urea or melamine). 3 The catalysts were characterized using different physico-chemical methods ( e.g. SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and N 2 adsorption), which proved the success of doping as well as the feasible micro- and mesoporous structure with defects present. Both the RDE and RRDE methods were employed for the electrochemical testing and in alkaline medium all three catalyst materials exhibited similar and good electrocatalytic activity for the ORR. The half-wave potential for ORR of Co-N-CDC/CNT catalysts was close to that of a Pt/C catalyst (Figure 1, left). The possible application of the Co-N-CDC/CNT material was tested out by employing it as a cathode catalyst in AEMFC. The Co-N-CDC/CNT catalyst together with a novel HMT-PMBI 4 membrane exhibited excellent performance with peak power density of 577 mW cm –2 , which was significantly higher than that obtained with a Pt/C cathode (Figure 1, right). This shows that the Co-N-CDC/CNT materials are promising cathode catalysts for the AEMFC application. 3 References A. Sarapuu, E. Kibena-Põldsepp, M. Borghei, and K. Tammeveski, J. Mater. Chem. A , 6 , 776-804 (2018). G. Wu, A. Santandreu, W. Kellogg, S. Gupta, O. Ogoke, H. Zhang, H. L. Wang, and L. Dai, Nano Energy, 29 , 83−110 (2016). J. Lilloja, E. Kibena-Põldsepp, A. Sarapuu, M. Kodali, Y. Chen, T. Asset, M. Käärik, M. Merisalu, P. Paiste, J. Aruväli, A. Treshchalov, M. Rähn, J. Leis, V. Sammelselg, S. Holdcroft, P. Atanassov, and K. Tammeveski, ACS Appl. Energy Mater ., 2020, (DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00381) A. G. Wright, J. T. Fan, B. Britton, T. Weissbach, H. F. Lee, E. A. Kitching, T. J. Peckham, and S. Holdcroft, Energy Environ. Sci. , 9 , 2130-2142 (2016). Figure 1
Isubs: A New Generation of Autonomous Instrumented Downhole Tool (2005)

Abstract The paper describes a short autonomous instrumented downhole tool (Isub) which incorporates multiple sensors (accelerometers, strain gauges, and magnetometer), a complete data acquisition line, a microprocessor, memory chips and batteries. The tool, available in three sizes (7", 9" and 10" 1/4) can be located anywhere within the BHA even behind a mud motor or rotary steerable system as its total exposed length is of 350 mm. The tool records at a scanning rate of 50 Hz (up to 250 Hz) several tens of hours (100 to 300 hours) forces, moment as well as centripetal, tangential and axial accelerations used to reconstruct the instantaneous bit kinematics (RPM, off axis rotation, side acceleration). Due to its high scanning rate and precision (each sub is fully calibrated) on all channels, the Isub has many benefits, it offers a complete vibration diagnosis: nature (torsional, lateral, axial), amplitude (stick-slip, backward and forward whirl, bouncing), susceptibility to surface control parameters (WOB, RPM), tracking of bit efficiency and wear, and assessment of downhole equipment "real" performance: hydraulic motor or turbine (power delivered, staling events), rotary steerable system (side force, vibrations). This paper illustrates by two examples some of the insight to the drilling response of the system such tool can provide. The data reveal the occurrence of phenomena (vibrations, motor performance) neither detected nor suspected on surface. It also captures all inappropriate drilling practices. The analysis shows strong evidences of the tremendous potential of such tool not only to gain a better understanding of the drilling process but also to provide a non-bias measure of the drilling performance. Eventually, such tool should help in improving drilling performance and build best drilling practices rules.
Generalized fusion: a new framework for hyperspectral detection (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a general type of detection fusion that allows combining a set of basic detectors into one, more versatile, detector. The fusion can be performed based on the spectral information contained in a pixel, global characteristics of the background and target spaces, as well as spatial local information. The new approach shown in this paper is especially promising in the context of recent geometric and topological approaches that produce complex structures for the background and target spaces. We show specific examples of generalized fusion and present some results on false alarm rates and probabilities of detection of fused detectors. We show that continuum fusion is a special case of generalized fusion. Our new framework allows better understanding of continuum fusion, as well as other useful types of fusion, such as discrete fusion proposed in this paper. We also explain the relationship between the generalized likelihood-ratio detectors and various fusion detectors.
Catalysis and Ionic Transformations of Organic Compounds in Atmospheric Aerosols: a Decade of Discoveries (2009)

While radical reactions were though for a long time to be the main fate of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols, a number of catalysts making ionic reactions of these compounds efficient in aerosols have been identified in the last decade: strong acids, amino acids, and, more recently, inorganic salts. Unlike radical oxidations, ionic reactions such as aldol condensation or acetal formation have the peculiarity to form new C-C, C-O, or C-N bonds. They can thus produce oligomers that can not be formed by radical processes and might play important roles on the optical properties of the aerosols, or the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the case of specific carbonyl compounds such as glyoxal.
Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐1,3‐Dimethyltetrahydroisoquinolines: Formal Synthesis of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids (2012)

Abstract A synthetic route to enantiopure cis ‐1,3‐dimethyltetrahydroisoquinolines, synthetic precursors of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, has been developed. The synthesis relies on the use of a phenylglycinol‐derived lactam as the starting enantiopure scaffold. After stereoselective opening of the oxazolidine ring, the C‐3 methyl substituent was installed, taking advantage of the lactam carbonyl group by stereoselective hydrogenation of an α‐methylenamide generated via a vinyl triflate.