gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cortical Column and Whole Brain Imaging of Neural Circuits with Molecular Contrast and Nanoscale Resolution (2018)

Abstract Optical and electron microscopy have made tremendous inroads in understanding the complexity of the brain, but the former offers insufficient resolution to reveal subcellular details and the latter lacks the throughput and molecular contrast to visualize specific molecular constituents over mm-scale or larger dimensions. We combined expansion microscopy and lattice light sheet microscopy to image the nanoscale spatial relationships between proteins across the thickness of the mouse cortex or the entire Drosophila brain, including synaptic proteins at dendritic spines, myelination along axons, and presynaptic densities at dopaminergic neurons in every fly neuropil domain. The technology should enable statistically rich, large scale studies of neural development, sexual dimorphism, degree of stereotypy, and structural correlations to behavior or neural activity, all with molecular contrast. One Sentence Summary Combined expansion and lattice light sheet microscopy enables high speed, nanoscale molecular imaging of neural circuits over large volumes.
A vision-based formation control framework (2002)

We describe a framework for cooperative control of a group of nonholonomic mobile robots that allows us to build complex systems from simple controllers and estimators. The resultant modular approach is attractive because of the potential for reusability. Our approach to composition also guarantees stability and convergence in a wide range of tasks. There are two key features in our approach: 1) a paradigm for switching between simple decentralized controllers that allows for changes in formation; 2) the use of information from a single type of sensor, an omnidirectional camera, for all our controllers. We describe estimators that abstract the sensory information at different levels, enabling both decentralized and centralized cooperative control. Our results include numerical simulations and experiments using a testbed consisting of three nonholonomic robots.
Nonlinear plasmonic sensing with nanographene (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Plasmons provide excellent sensitivity to detect analyte molecules through their strong interaction with the dielectric environment. Plasmonic sensors based on noble metals are, however, limited by the spectral broadening of these excitations. Here we identify a new mechanism that reveals the presence of individual molecules through the radical changes that they produce in the plasmons of graphene nanoislands. An elementary charge or a weak permanent dipole carried by the molecule are shown to be sufficient to trigger observable modifications in the linear absorption spectra and the nonlinear response of the nanoislands. In particular, a strong second-harmonic signal, forbidden by symmetry in the unexposed graphene nanostructure, emerges due to a redistribution of conduction electrons produced by interaction with the molecule. These results pave the way toward ultrasensitive nonlinear detection of dipolar molecules and molecular radicals that is made possible by the extraordinary optoelectronic properties of graphene.
AlGaInN laser diode technology for free-space telecom applications (2015)

The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well. We consider the suitability of AlGaInN laser diode technology for free space laser communication, both airborne links and underwater telecom applications, mainly for defense and oil and gas industries.
Micro‐/Nano‐engineered Cellular Responses for Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications (2011)

The development of biomedical devices and reconstruction of functional ex vivo tissues often requires the need to fabricate biomimetic surfaces with features of sub-micrometer precision. This can be achieved with the advancements in micro-/nano-engineering techniques, allowing researchers to manipulate a plethora of cellular behaviors at the cell-biomaterial interface. Systematic studies conducted on these 2D engineered surfaces have unraveled numerous novel findings that can potentially be integrated as part of the design consideration for future 2D and 3D biomaterials and will no doubt greatly benefit tissue engineering. In this review, recent developments detailing the use of micro-/nano-engineering techniques to direct cellular orientation and function pertinent to soft tissue engineering will be highlighted. Particularly, this article aims to provide valuable insights into distinctive cell interactions and reactions to controlled surfaces, which can be exploited to understand the mechanisms of cell growth on micro-/nano-engineered interfaces, and to harness this knowledge to optimize the performance of 3D artificial soft tissue grafts and biomedical applications.
Effect of beam current on defect formation by high-temperature implantation of Mg ions into GaN (2022)

Abstract We evaluated the beam current dependence of defect formation during Mg ion implantation into GaN at a high temperature of 1100 °C with two beam currents. Photoluminescence spectra suggest that low-beam-current implantation reduced the vacancy concentration and activated Mg to a greater extent. Moreover, scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that low-beam-current implantation reduced the density of Mg segregation defects with inactive Mg and increased the density of intrinsic dislocation loops, suggesting decreases in the densities of Ga and N vacancies. The formation of these defects depended on beam current, which is an important parameter for defect suppression.
Is the Fluorometric Method for Blood Bilirubin Accurate? (1980)

The article by Brown et al1 interested us greatly. Direct fluorometric measurement of whole blood bilirubin, if accurate and precise, will help in the care of the jaundiced neonate. The accuracy and precision of this technique, however, cannot be readily assessed from the authors' data. Consider the comparison of the fluorometric method to the Jendrassik-Grof method for total bilirubin. To assess accuracy, the authors use the correlation coefficient, r, and the slope of the linear regression line through the method comparison data. There are two problems with this data analysis.
Green Tea Polyphenols and Padma Hepaten Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation (2018)

<i>Candida albicans (C. albicans)</i> is the most prevalent opportunistic human pathogenic fungus and can cause mucosal membrane infections and invade the blood. In the oral cavity, it can ferment dietary sugars, produce organic acids and therefore has a role in caries development. In this study, we examined whether the polyphenol rich extractions Polyphenon from green tea (PPFGT) and Padma Hepaten (PH) can inhibit the caries-inducing properties of <i>C. albicans</i>. Biofilms of <i>C. albicans</i> were grown in the presence of PPFGT and PH. Formation of biofilms was tested spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Treated <i>C. albicans</i> morphology was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Expression of virulence-related genes was tested using qRT-PCR. Development of biofilm was also tested on an orthodontic surface (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such appliances. Both PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation, with no inhibition on planktonic growth. The strongest inhibition was obtained using the combination of the substances. Crystal violet staining showed a significant reduction of 45% in biofilm formation using a concentration of 2.5mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16mg/ml PH. A concentration of 1.25 mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16 mg/ml PH inhibited candidal growth by 88% and EPS secretion by 74% according to CSLM. A reduction in biofilm formation and in the transition from yeast to hyphal morphotype was observed using SEM. A strong reduction was found in the expression of <i>hwp1, eap1,</i> and <i>als3</i> virulence associated genes. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of natural PPFGT polyphenolic extraction on <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm formation and EPS secretion, alone and together with PH. In an era of increased drug resistance, the use of phytomedicine to constrain biofilm development, without killing host cells, may pave the way to a novel therapeutic concept, especially in children as orthodontic patients.
Synthesis and properties of ultra-long InP nanowires on glass (2016)

We report on the synthesis of Au-catalyzed InP nanowires (NWs) on low-cost glass substrates. Ultra-dense and ultra-long (up to ∼250 μm) InP NWs, with an exceptionally high growth rate of ∼25 μm min<sup>-1</sup>, were grown directly on glass using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Structural properties of InP NWs grown on glass were similar to the ones grown typically on Si substrates showing many structural twin faults but the NWs on glass always exhibited a stronger photoluminescence (PL) intensity at room temperature. The PL measurements of NWs grown on glass reveal two additional prominent impurity related emission peaks at low temperature (10 K). In particular, the strongest unusual emission peak with an activation energy of 23.8 ± 2 meV was observed at 928 nm. Different possibilities including the role of native defects (phosphorus and/or indium vacancies) are discussed but most likely the origin of this PL peak is related to the impurity incorporation from the glass substrate. Furthermore, despite the presence of suspected impurities, the NWs on glass show outstanding light absorption in a wide spectral range (60%-95% for λ = 300-1600 nm). The optical properties and the NW growth mechanism on glass is discussed qualitatively. We attribute the exceptionally high growth rate mostly to the atmospheric pressure growth conditions of our MOVPE reactor and stronger PL intensity on glass due to the impurity doping. Overall, the III-V NWs grown on glass are similar to the ones grown on semiconductor substrates but offer additional advantages such as low-cost and light transparency.
Factors Associated with Induced Chronic Inflammation in mdx Skeletal Muscle Cause Posttranslational Stabilization and Augmentation of Extrasynaptic Sarcolemmal Utrophin (2005)

Chronic inflammation in tibialis anterior muscles of mdx mice was produced by a single injection of a recombinant adenovirus vector (AV) expressing an immunogenic beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). In regions of intense beta-gal staining, mononuclear infiltrates abounded, and muscle fibers showed strong extrasynaptic utrophin immunostaining, restoration of dystrophin-associated protein complex, and a marked reduction of the prevalence of centronucleation. Immunoblot analysis confirmed an increase of endogenous utrophin without an increase of the mRNA of the major muscle isoform utrA. Significantly better maximal tetanic force values were demonstrated in the inflammatory versus control mdx muscles. The resistance to lengthening contraction- induced damage was also significantly increased in the former. In muscles of mice lacking TNF-alpha gene, AV vector did not induce inflammation and extrajunctional utrophin increase did not occur. In the inflammatory mdx muscles, proteolytic activity of calcium-activated calpain was reduced, and in mdx myotubes in vitro, incubation with NO donors also reduced calpain-mediated utrophin proteolysis. Since utrophin was shown to be a natural substrate of calpain and known inhibitors of calpain in cultured mdx myotubes increased utrophin levels, the above results were consistent with the following conclusions: (1) extrasynaptic utrophin increase is mainly responsible for the antidystrophic effect; (2) extrasynaptic utrophin increase is a result of posttranscriptional mechanism(s) related to proinflammatory factors; and (3) reduction of endogenous muscle calpain activity by inflammatory cytokines has an important role in the stabilization and increase of the extrasynaptic utrophin.
ChemInform Abstract: SHORT, SIMPLE, STEREOCONTROLLED, STEROID SYNTHESIS: (.+‐.)‐11‐OXOEQUILENIN METHYL ETHER AND A NEW 9,11‐SECO‐13‐ETHYL STEROID (1980)

Abstract Die Kondensation zwischen dem gemischten Li‐cuprat (I), 2‐Methyl‐2‐cyclopentenon (II) und Bromessigester (III) führt zu dem Kondensat (IVa), das zu (IVb) verseift wird.
Manipulating Airborne Particles with an Optical Bottle (2012)

The all-optical trapping of microscopic particles has a range of practical applications in biology, physical chemistry and condensed matter physics. The optical tweezing of transparent particles relies on counterbalancing the scattering and gradient force. However, absorbing particles in gaseous and liquid media are mainly affected by the photophoretic force that can exceed the scattering and gradient force by orders of magnitude. In most cases, the photophoretic force pushes the particles away from the regions of maximum light intensity, thus precluding optical trapping and manipulation with conventional Gaussian beams. Only recently, by employing hollowcore vortex beams, has the very possibility of photophoretic trapping and guiding of lightabsorbing particles along the beam axis in air been demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Total Synthesis of Taxol and Its Analogues (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neurocognitive Impairment of HIV Elite Controllers: Feature of Viral Suppression and Inflammation? (S53.004) (2016)

Objective: To define the neurocognitive status of elite controllers compared to well-matched treated HIV and uninfected controls. Background: HIV associated neurocognitive deficits (HAND) affect 20-50[percnt] of HIV infected individuals despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are speculated to be caused by persistent low-level inflammation with secondary neuronal dysfunction and injury despite effective suppression of HIV RNA. Elite controllers (EC) are a subset of HIV-infected individuals with similar undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of ART. We used a brief test battery to examine the neurocognitive performance (NP) in a group of elites in relation to CSF and blood biomarkers of inflammation, and compared them to a group of ART-suppressed subjects (Tx) and HIV uninfected controls (NC). Methods: 12 ECs were compared cross-sectionally to 29 Tx, and 28 NC. The Tx and NC groups were matched for age, years of education and substance abuse. The Tx group was also matched for known duration of HIV infection. All subjects participated in blood and CSF studies and a battery of 4 NP tests (NPZ4). Group differences were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s posttest while correlations among variables were examined using Pearson after log10 transformation of concentrations for all but CSF WBC counts. Results: While the NPZ4 scores of both the EC and Tx groups differed from those of the NC group (p <0.001 for both), there was no significant between these two HIV-infected groups. Using Spearman’s correlation, there was a correlation between CD8 counts (spearman's correlation coeffiecnt r = 0.88) in ECs and NPZ4 score . Conclusions: While ECs effectively control HIV infection without cART, they exhibit neurocognitive profiles similar to the treatment-suppressed group raising the possibility of a similar pathogenesis of systemic and CSF inflammation, as an explanation for the CNS deficits in these two infected, aviremic groups.
Product Life and Reliability Assessment (2018)

In this chapter, the authors devote themselves to discussions of product life estimation and reliability assessment. Estimating a product's life is a necessity and a challenging task for a company. A product's life is also product's time to fail (TTF). The authors illustrate how average mean time-to-fail (MTTF) can be obtained from a failure rate density function, and how MTTF can be modeled as a function environmental or current density variables. From the model, the results from harsher test conditions are then used to predict the MTTF (or the product's Life) of products at normal operating conditions. Reliability assessments are necessary to remove the potential failure modes, in addition to product life prediction. Many trades groups are interested in establishing reliability assessment standards for obvious reason: reliability is a vital part of their industry.
Organic fluorine compounds. 33. Derivation of tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)(Dewar pyrroles) from tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)(Dewar thiophene) (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic fluorine compounds. 33. Derivation of tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)(Dewar pyrroles) from tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)(Dewar thiophene)Yoshiro Kobayashi, Akira Ando, Kosuke Kawada, and Itsumaro KumadakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 15, 2966–2968Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01303a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01303a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Full 3D dynamic functional ultrasound imaging of neuronal activity in mice (2017)

Introduction: In vivo neuronal activity imaging is key to understand the mechanisms of complex brain behavior. 2D Functional Ultrasound (fUS) Imaging is a powerful tool for measuring brain activation with high spatiotemporal sampling (80μm, 1 ms) using neurovascular coupling. Here, we demonstrated the proof of concept of in vivo full 3-D fUS and extend the research work toward 3D functional connectivity imaging in mice. Method: A fully programmable 1024-channel ultrasound platform was used to drive 32 x 32 matrix phased arrays (9 MHz central frequency) at ultrafast frame rates (500 volumes per second). Successive plane wave emissions were compounded to produce high sensitivity vascular volumetric images of the brain of anesthetized (Kétamine-Xylazine) and craniotomized mice. Whiskers were alternatively (6 seconds ON/OFF) stimulated during acquisition. Results: High-quality 3D images of cerebral blood volume were obtained and showed the feasibility of task-activated 3D fUS imaging. The activation maps depict the spatiotemporal distribution of the hemodynamic response to whiskers stimulation at high spatial (150μm x 150μm x 150 μm) and temporal resolution (400 ms). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of full 3D dynamic functional brain imaging in mice. This paves the way toward a full-fledged neuro-imaging modality of the entire brain using ultrasound.
Combinaison de caractéristiques pour la reconnaissance rapide, robuste et invariante d’objets spécifiques (2010)

National audience
Unrolled Compressed Blind-Deconvolution (2022)

The problem of sparse multichannel blind deconvolution (S-MBD) arises frequently in many engineering applications such as radar/sonar/ultrasound imaging. To reduce its computational and implementation cost, we propose a compression method that enables blind recovery from much fewer measurements with respect to the full received signal in time. The proposed compression measures the signal through a filter followed by a subsampling, allowing for a significant reduction in implementation cost. We derive theoretical guarantees for the identifiability and recovery of a sparse filter from compressed measurements. Our results allow for the design of a wide class of compression filters. We, then, propose a data-driven unrolled learning framework to learn the compression filter and solve the S-MBD problem. The encoder is a recurrent inference network that maps compressed measurements into an estimate of sparse filters. We demonstrate that our unrolled learning method is more robust to choices of source shapes and has better recovery performance compared to optimization-based methods. Finally, in data-limited applications (fewshot learning), we highlight the superior generalization capability of unrolled learning compared to conventional deep learning.
Production of recombinant virus-like particles from human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, and study of serological reactivities between HPV 6, 11, 16 and 45 by ELISA: implications for papillomavirus prevention and detection (1998)

The L1 major capsid proteins of human papillomaviruses types 6 and 11 were expressed in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. These L1 proteins were shown to self-assemble into virus-like particles resembling papillomavirus virions as previously observed for HPV 16 and 45. However, we observed variations in the yield of virus-like particles among the four genotypes investigated. This suggests that more than one strain of each genotype has to be investigated to obtain the high level of virus-like particle production necessary to develop HPV vaccines or serological tests. Cross-reactivities between HPV 6, 11, 16 and 45 were studied using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to virus-like particles, L1 proteins and synthetic peptides. Although antisera react strongly against homologous virus-like particles, there is evidence of some cross-reactivity. This could be one of the explanations for the fact that antibodies to one genotype are detected in individuals infected with another genotype. This study also identified a linear epitope recognized by anti-HPV 16 virus-like particle sera.
Meta-analysis of Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students (2020)

Background: The global burden on mental disorders have become too advanced with serious consequences on health and society. Over the years, depression, stress, and anxiety have become more common symptoms which affect all over population pyramid irrespective of the gender. Mental disorders are second most health indicator that causes morbidity. Objectives: The mental disorders affect the entire population and both genders equally. Present study was conducted to carry out meta-analysis study to highlight the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among university students. Methodology: Various search engines i.e. Google scholar, Duckduckgo, AOL, Baidu, Yahoo as well as books and newsletter were used to collect the data. Results: Despite tremendous development in the era of health and education, there is significant prevalence (79.5%) of anxiety, depression, and stress in medical students that leads to morbidity and poor mental health disorders among these students. Conclusion: It is concluded from meta-analysis study that prevalence of depression and anxiety is alarmingly high. There is a need of the hour to develop and design the mental health prevention programs and health education programs to overcome this issue.