gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Chlorine on Degradation Mechanisms of Thermal Sprayed Coatings at Elevated Temperatures (2003)

Abstract The significance of biofuels and the other chlorine-containing fuels in energy production is in strong increase. Serious erosion-corrosion problems in boilers combusting fuels with high chlorine-content have been detected frequently. A series of erosion-corrosion and corrosion tests were performed on thermal sprayed coatings and coating precursors in chlorine-containing environments in order to evaluate possibilities to utilize thermal sprayed coatings for erosion-corrosion protection in boilers combusting chlorine-containing fuels. A series of hot erosion and erosion-corrosion tests were performed on thermal sprayed coatings at elevated temperatures with and without chlorine. Carbide-containing HVOF coatings performed well in hot erosion tests, but they were completely destroyed in the presence of chlorine due to rapid oxidation of carbides. Metallic HVOF coatings with high chromium content performed well in both conditions. Iron-based arc-sprayed coatings with unhomogeneous microstructure suffered more hot erosion and erosion-corrosion damages than metallic HVOF coatings. The E-C (erosion-corrosion) resistance of carbide-containing coatings in the presence of chlorides was worse than expected. A series of oxidation tests were performed on various carbides in order to elucidate the effect of chlorine on high temperature oxidation behavior of carbides. TGA and isothermal oxidation tests proved that gaseous chlorine-containing species and also solid chlorides have a detrimental effect on oxidation resistance of tested carbides.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Methylation Markers in Urine for The Detection of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review (2018)

Reported diagnostic accuracy of urinary hmDNA for BC detection is highly variable and there is a lack of validation studies. Recent studies indicate that complementary markers are needed to allow for clinical implementation.
Lessons Learned From the First Pilot Study of the Compensatory Reserve Index After Congenital Heart Surgery Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2021)

Compensatory Reserve Index monitoring after CHS with CPB seems feasible and safe. Early changes in CRI may precede meaningful clinical outcomes, but this requires further study.
Synthesis ofN-[1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (TCP) Based Irreversible Alkylators of the Phenylcyclidine (PCP) Recognition Site (1991)

Four new thienylcyclohexylamines {N-[1-(4-isothiocyanato/isoselenocyanato-2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine and 2-[1-(ethylaminocyclohexyl)-4-isothiocyanato/isoselenocyanatothiophene) have been synthesized and examined for their ability to alkylate the MK-801/PCP recognition sites associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-ion channel complex.
Hall measurements of bilayer structures (2003)

Hall measurements performed on a p-type layer on an n-type substrate showed n-type characteristics at room temperature, p-type behavior at low temperature, and a singularity at intermediate temperatures. The results can be explained by considering the contribution to the Hall readings from the n-type substrate, which is made possible by leakage through the p–n junction. A theoretical description has been developed to understand Hall coefficients in bilayer structures with opposite carrier types.
FPGA-based multi-view stereo system with flexible measurement setup (2022)

In recent years, stereoscopic image processing algorithms have gained importance for a variety of applications. To capture larger measurement volumes, multiple stereo systems are combined into a multi-view stereo (MVS) system. To reduce the amount of data and the data rate, calculation steps close to the sensors are outsourced to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as upstream computing units. The calculation steps include lens distortion correction, rectification and stereo matching. In this paper a FPGA-based MVS system with flexible camera arrangement and partly overlapping field of view is presented. The system consists of four FPGA-based passive stereoscopic systems (Xilinx Zynq-7000 7020 SoC, EV76C570 CMOS sensor) and a downstream processing unit (Zynq Ultrascale ZU9EG SoC). This synchronizes the sensor near processing modules and receives the disparity maps with corresponding left camera image via HDMI. The subsequent computing unit calculates a coherent 3D point cloud. Our developed FPGA-based 3D measurement system captures a large measurement volume at 24 fps by combining a multiple view with eight cameras (using Semi-Global Matching for an image size of 640 px × 460 px, up to 256 px disparity range and with aggregated costs over 4 directions). The capabilities and limitation of the system are shown by an application example with optical non-cooperative surface.
3D Simulation of RTS Amplitude in Accumulation-Mode and Inversion-Mode Trigate SOI MOSFETs (2010)

The amplitude of random telegraph signal (RTS) is studied in Accumulation-mode (AM) and Inversion-mode (IM) Trigate SOI MOSFETs using numerical simulations. The presence of a single trapped electron at the Si/SiO2 interface decreases the drain current (ΙD). The impact of RTS on electrical parameters varies with the channel polarity and the physical location of the trapped electron.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Efficacy of RG7787, a Next-Generation Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin, against Triple-Negative Breast and Gastric Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Shows evaluation of MSLN expression in the TCGA breast cancer data set&lt;/p&gt;
Phenomenological model of thermal transport in carbon nanotube and hetero-nanotube films (2021)

The thermal properties of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been well documented in the literature following decades of intensive study. However, when SWCNTs form a macroscale assembly, the thermal transport in these complex structures usually not only depends on the properties of the individual tubes, but also is affected and sometimes dominated by inner structural details, e.g. bundles and junctions. In this work, we first performed an experimental measurement of the thermal conductivities of individual SWCNT bundles of different sizes using a suspended micro-thermometer. The results, together with the data that we obtained from a previous work, give a complete experimental understanding of the effect of bundling on the thermal conductivity of SWCNTs. With these quantitative understandings, we propose a phenomenological model to describe the thermal transport in two-dimensional (2D) SWCNT films. The term 'line density' is defined to describe the effective thermal transport channels in this complex 2D network. Along with experimentally obtained geometric statistics and film transparency, the thermal conductance of SWCNTs is estimated, and the effects of bundle length, diameter, and contact conductance are systematically discussed. Finally, we extend this model to explain thermal transport in 2D networks of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, which are coaxial hetero-nanotubes we recently synthesized using SWCNTs as the template. This extended model suggests that the contribution of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to the overall performance of a SWCNT-BNNT heterostructured film depends on the transparency of the original SWCNT film. The increase in the thermal conductance of a highly transparent film is estimated to be larger than that of a less transparent film, which shows a good agreement with our experimental observations and proves the validity of the proposed phenomenological model.
VoD Service Model and Performance Evaluation on the China&amp;#146;s High Performance Broadband Information Network (3Tnet) (2005)

Providing large-scale true video-on-demand (VoD) service is a challenging problem over the Internet. Some characteristics of the Internet, such as packet switching, best effort mechanism, make it difficult to provide VoD services with enough Quality of Service (QoS) assurance. In this paper, we propose a VoD service model that uses a content delivery network approach on backbone and a peer-to-peer (p2p) approach on access over the China’s high performance broadband information network (named 3Tnet). We discuss the feasibility of our approach and evaluate the performance by using simulation. The results show that our proposed service model can support true VoD service on the 3Tnet in a scalable way.
Rational Manipulation of Stacking Arrangements in Three‐Dimensional Zeolites Built from Two‐Dimensional Zeolitic Nanosheets (2020)

Abstract Unit‐cell‐thin zeolitic nanosheets have emerged as fascinating materials for catalysis and separation. The controllability of nanosheet stacking is extremely challenging in the chemistry of two‐dimensional zeolitic materials. To date, the organization of zeolitic nanosheets in hydrothermal synthesis has been limited by the lack of tunable control over the guest–host interactions between organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) and zeolitic nanosheets. A direct synthetic methodology is reported that enables systematic manipulation of the aluminosilicate MWW‐type nanosheet stacking. Variable control of guest–host interactions is rationally achieved by synergistically altering the charge density of OSDAs and synthetic silica‐to‐alumina composition. These finely controlled interactions allow successful preparation of a series of three‐dimensional (3D) zeolites, with MWW‐layer stacking in wide ranges from variably disorder to fully ordered, leading to tunable catalytic activity in the cracking reaction. These results highlight unprecedented opportunities to modulate zeolitic nanosheets arrangement in 3D zeolites whose structure can be tailored for catalysis and separation.
Fluorescent Boron Bis(phenolate) with Association Response to Chloride and Dissociation Response to Fluoride (2008)

Addition of chloride ions to boron bis(phenolate) 5 in dichloromethane solution produces a selective fluorescence decrease. The fluorescence change is believed to be caused by associative hydrogen bonding between the chloride ion and two boronic acid groups. While addition of fluoride ions to bis(phenolate) 5 generates a purple colorimetric response, the colorimetric response is caused by fluoride induced B-O bond cleavage and air oxidation of the phenolate anion formed by this dissociation.
A Higher-Order Method for Dynamic Optimization of a Class of Linear Systems (1996)

This paper deals with optimization of a class of linear dynamic systems with n states and m control inputs, commanded to move between two fixed states in a prescribed final time. This problem is solved conventionally using Lagrange’s multipliers and it is well known that the optimal solution satisfies 2n first-order linear differential equations in the state and Lagrange multiplier variables. In this paper, a new procedure for dynamic optimization is presented that does not use Lagrange multipliers. In this new procedure applied to a class of linear systems with controllability index p = (n/m), optimal solution satisfies m differential equations of order 2p. The boundary conditions on these m variables are computed in terms of higher derivatives (up to p − 1) at the initial and final time. These higher-order differential equations are solved using classical weighted residual methods, methods relatively unknown to controls community but extremely popular with researchers in mechanics. This new procedure for dynamic optimization, higher order necessary condition solved by weighted residual method, is computationally more efficient compared to other conventional procedures, offering benefits for real-time applications.
Magnetically aligned anisotropic conductive adhesive for high-frequency interconnects (2005)

An anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) is investigated for high-frequency interconnects. The ACA is created by aligning metal particles under a magnetic field during curing. Therefore, isolated thin columns of metal are created within the epoxy, allowing for the flow of current in only one direction. The thin columns form conductive paths between metal surfaces directly opposite each other in the z direction and not conduct in the x-y plane. In this manner, the epoxy can be used for interconnects without the need for patterning. This process is a low-temperature alternative to more traditional soldering technique, while also being lead free. A first example using this material as the interconnection of two-substrate through-bonded CPW lines. Both the high-frequency properties of this material and a demonstration of the interconnect performance are presented.
The effect of various hormones on the humoral immune response of murine lymphocytes in vitro. (1978)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and steroid hormones were tested for their direct effects on murine lymphocyte humoral response to sheep RBCs using an in vitro culture system. A significant increase in plaque forming cells (PFC) was induced by the addition of HCG at a dose of either 50 i.u. or 500 i.u. However, no increase was observed by the addition of steroid hormones. HCG may contribute to the success of fetal allografts by increasing the number of blocking antibodies in the early stages of pregnancy.
Pathogenicity of an Escherichia coli O115:K"V165" mutant negative for F165(1) fimbriae in septicemia of gnotobiotic pigs (1993)

To evaluate the role of the F165(1) fimbrial system in the pathogenesis of septicemia, 2-day-old germfree pigs were inoculated intragastrically with Escherichia coli O115:K"V165":F165 wild-type strain 5131, its F165(1)-negative TnphoA mutant M48, or E. coli O115:K(-):F165(-) wild-type strain 862B. Pigs were sacrificed at different times (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h) postinfection (p.i.). Pigs inoculated with strain 5131 developed clinical signs (anorexia, lameness, reluctance to move, or lack of motor coordination) and were moribund within 48 h p.i., and, at necropsy, infecting bacteria were isolated in various extraintestinal organs. Strain 5131 was isolated as early as 6 h p.i. from the blood of inoculated pigs. Pigs inoculated with mutant M48 developed only mild clinical signs at 96 h p.i. Mutant M48 colonized extraintestinal organs of pigs but to a lesser extent than the parent strain did. In contrast to the parent strain, this mutant was not isolated in the blood of inoculated pigs. Pigs inoculated with strain 862B remained normal during the experiment. All of the strains colonized the mucus layer of the intestine, but no histological changes of intestinal mucosa were observed by either light or electron microscopy. The parent strain, but not the mutant M48, expressed F165(1) in vivo. In a competitive study in which the parent strain and its afimbrial mutant were inoculated simultaneously, clinical signs of septicemia developed 24 h after inoculation, and only the parent strain 5131 was isolated from the blood of inoculated pigs. Our results suggest that the F165(1) fimbrial system of E. coli O115:K"V165" strains may play an important role in the ability of the bacteria to survive in the blood and spread systemically through the porcine host.
Model for determination of mid-gap states in amorphous metal oxides from thin film transistors (2013)

The electronic density of states in metal oxide semiconductors like amorphous zinc oxide (a-ZnO) and its ternary and quaternary oxide alloys with indium, gallium, tin, or aluminum are different from amorphous silicon, or disordered materials such as pentacene, or P3HT. Many ZnO based semiconductors exhibit a steep decaying density of acceptor tail states (trap DOS) and a Fermi level (EF) close to the conduction band energy (EC). Considering thin film transistor (TFT) operation in accumulation mode, the quasi Fermi level for electrons (Eq) moves even closer to EC. Classic analytic TFT simulations use the simplification EC−EF&amp;gt; ‘several’kT and cannot reproduce exponential tail states with a characteristic energy smaller than 1/2 kT. We demonstrate an analytic model for tail and deep acceptor states, valid for all amorphous metal oxides and include the effect of trap assisted hopping instead of simpler percolation or mobility edge models, to account for the observed field dependent mobility.
ToxTree: Descriptor-based machine learning models to predict hERG and Nav1.5 cardiotoxicity (2022)

<title>Abstract</title> Drug-mediated blockade of the voltage-gated potassium channel(hERG) and the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5) can lead to severe cardiovascular complications. This rising concern has been reflected in the drug development arena, as the frequent emergence of cardiotoxicity from many approved drugs led to either discontinuing their use or, in some cases, their withdrawal from the market. Here, we introduce two robust 2D descriptor-based QSAR predictive models for both hERG and Nav1.5 liability predictions. The machine learning models were trained for predicting the potency to each channel using multiclass classification at three different potency cut-offs (i.e. 1µM, 10µM, and 30µM). The ToxTree-hERG Classifier, a pipeline of Random Forest models, was trained on a large curated dataset of 8380 unique molecular compounds. Whereas ToxTree-Nav1.5 Classifier, a pipeline of kernelized SVM models, was trained on a large manually curated set of 1550 unique compounds retrieved from both ChEMBL and PubChem publicly available bioactivity databases. The hERG model yielded a multiclass accuracy of Q4 = 74.5% and a binary classification performance of Q2 = 93.2%, sensitivity = 98.7%, specificity = 75%, MCC = 80.3%, and a CCR = 86.8% on an external test set of N = 499 compounds. The proposed hERG inducer outperformed most metrics of the state-of-the-art published models and other existing tools. Additionally, we are introducing the first Nav1.5 liability predictive model achieving a Q4 = 74.9% and a binary classification of Q2 = 86.7% with MCC = 71.2% and F1 = 89.7% evaluated on an external test set of 173 unique compounds.
Simplex projection methods for selection of endmembers in hyperspectral imagery (2004)

It is well known that performance of subpixel target detection algorithms depends on the choice of endmembers used to characterize the background and the target in hyperspectral imagery. In this paper, we investigate how well a set of endmembers characterizes a given set of spectra. We are assuming a fully constrained linear mixing model, and analyze the resulting residuals. To facilitate geometric and intuitive interpretation, we formulate the resulting constrained least-squares estimation problem in terms of projections on low-dimensional simplexes. Consequently, we define a family of simplex projection methods (SPM) for endmember selection. We give numerical results for two known endmember-selection procedures -the pixel purity index (PPI) and the maximum distance (MaxD) methods. Then we compare these results to those for a simple version of SMP, called the Farthest Pixel Selection (FPS) method. This new class of techniques promises to give better descriptions of the target and background regions than do current methods, which in turn should lead to more precise detection (with lower false alarm rates) of low-visibility small (subpixel) targets
Polarization effects in coherent scattering from magnetic specimen: Implications for x-ray holography, lensless imaging, and correlation spectroscopy (2003)

We present resonant coherent small-angle scattering from $\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ magnetic domains in an in-line holography geometry. By varying the polarization of the incident soft x rays the interference between the reference wave propagating from a pinhole and scattered object wave can be switched ``on'' or ``off.'' The reference-object interference contribution in the scattering can be isolated by combining measurements with right and left circular polarizations. The implications for spatial and temporal interference experiments of magnetic specimen such as holography, lensless imaging, or photon correlation spectroscopy are discussed.
Epigenetic alterations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) and survivin genes in tumor tissues and voided urine of bladder cancer patients. (2012)

The CpG promoter methylation has been reported to occur frequently in bladder cancer. Moreover, analysis of gene methylation has been shown to be feasible from voided urine and can be detected with a high degree of sensitivity. The aim of this present study is to determine how methylation patterns of APC, RAR&#946; and Survivin genes change during bladder carcinogenesis and to evaluate whether DNA methylation could be detected in urine sediment. Using the sensitive assay of MSP, we explored the promoter methylation status for the three genes in tumor specimens and urine sediment DNA from 32 bladder cancer patients. Methylation frequencies of the tested genes in tumor specimens were 100%, 75% and 84.4% for APC, RAR&#946; and Survivin, respectively. Hypermethylation of APC was found in all pathological grades and stages of bladder cancer. More frequent promoter hypermethylation of RAR&#946; and Survivin was observed in high grade tumors and the hypermethylation increased from low to high stages, but there was no significant correlation between stages/grades and hypermethylation of these two gene promoters. In order to investigate clinical usefulness for noninvasive bladder cancer detection, we further analyzed the methylation status in urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Methylation of the tested genes in urine sediment DNA was detected in the majority of cases that were hypermethylated in tumor samples (93.7%) and the frequencies were 79.3% 70.8% and 96.3% for APC, RAR&#946; and Survivin, respectively. Our results indicate that methylation of APC, RAR&#946; and Survivin gene promoters is a common finding in patients with bladder carcinoma. The ability to detect methylation not only in bladder tissue, but also in urine sediments, suggests that methylation markers are promising tools for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer.
Spectroscopic properties of GdYCOB single crystals doped with rare-earth trivalent (2001)

Summary form only given. Among all laser sources, the role of diode-pumped solid state lasers have become important due to their high efficiency and compactness. The intracavity frequency conversion using SHG crystal represented by LBO and KTP is necessary for traditional microchip green lasers. In the past few years, rare-earth calcium oxyborates have been investigated as new nonlinear optical materials. In this paper, we show the spectroscopic properties (absorption and emission spectra) of GdYCOB (GdYCa/sub 4/(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/) grown by CZ methods doped with Nd/sup 3+/ or Yb/sup 3+/. This is the first report of the cross section and Stark level of rare earth trivalent doped GdYCOB to the authors' knowledge. The compositions of samples in this paper are Yb/sub 0.063/Gd/sub 0.288/Y/sub 0.649/COB and Nd/sub 0.083/Gd/sub 0.149/Y/sub 0.768/COB respectively.
Flip chip for high frequency applications : materials aspects (2007)

Flip chip has since decades been the primary choice for chip interconnect for high performance circuits. Over the last few years, interest from the microwave arena has increased, and at this point ...
A 25-nm gate-length FinFET transistor module for 32nm node (2009)

FinFET is the most promising double-gate transistor architecture [1] to extend scaling over planar device. We present a high-performance and low-power FinFET module at 25 nm gate length. When normalized to the actual fin perimeter, N-FinFET and P-FinFET have 1200 and 915 µA/µm drive current respectively at 100nA/µm leakage under 1V. To our knowledge this is the best FinFET drive current at such scaled gate length. This scaled gate length enables this FinFET transistor for 32nm node insertion. With aggressive fin pitch scaling, the effective transistor width is approximately 1.9X and 2.7X over planar for typical logic and SRAM on the same layout area (i.e., silicon real estate). Due to superior electrostatics and reduced random dopant fluctuation, this high drive current can be readily traded with V DD scaling for low power.