gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction monitoring of succinylation of collagen with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2000)

Succinylated collagen was synthesized by the reaction of collagen with succinic anhydride under basic conditions for one hour. Using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technique, the reaction products were directly identified without multi-step separation processes. MALDI-MS monitored the reaction more accurately than the conventional method of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). From the change in molecular mass during the reaction, it is observed that about 28 succinyl groups are attached to the collagen strand.
Semipolar (20 21 ¯) Laser Diodes (λ=505nm) with Wavelength-Stable InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells (2012)

GaN-based semipolar (20 21 ¯) laser diodes (λ=505 nm) with a 4 nm wavelength blueshift from spontaneous emission to lasing are demonstrated. The minimal blueshift is attributed to the stable energy profile in the quantum wells.
Restoring and Enhancing the Potency of Existing Antibiotics against Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria through the Development of Potent Small-Molecule Adjuvants (2022)

The rapid and persistent emergence of drug-resistant bacteria poses a looming public health crisis. The possible task of developing new sets of antibiotics to replenish the existing ones is daunting to say the least. Searching for adjuvants that restore or even enhance the potency of existing antibiotics against drug-resistant strains of bacteria represents a practical and cost-effective approach. Herein, we describe the discovery of potent adjuvants that extend the antimicrobial spectrum of existing antibiotics and restore their effectiveness toward drug-resistant strains including <i>mcr-1</i>-expressing strains. From a library of cationic compounds, MD-100, which has a diamidine core structure, was identified as a potent antibiotic adjuvant against Gram-negative bacteria. Further optimization efforts including the synthesis of ∼20 compounds through medicinal chemistry work led to the discovery of a much more potent compound MD-124. MD-124 was shown to sensitize various Gram-negative bacterial species and strains, including multidrug resistant pathogens, toward existing antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action. We further demonstrated the efficacy of MD-124 in an ex vivo skin infection model and in an in vivo murine systemic infection model using both wild-type and drug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains. MD-124 functions through selective permeabilization of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Importantly, bacteria exhibited low-resistance frequency toward MD-124. In-depth computational investigations of MD-124 binding to the bacterial outer membrane using equilibrium and steered molecular dynamics simulations revealed key structural features for favorable interactions. The very potent nature of such adjuvants distinguishes them as very useful leads for future drug development in combating bacterial drug resistance.
Collaborative Writing of Text and Hypertext (1989)

A good writer understands his audience. Collaborative writing allows authors to act as readers and thus to create text which an audience is more likely to appreciate. This paper describes four sets of experiences in collaborative writing. In one of the experiences secondary school students who were unable to produce a sophisticated document independently were able to produce a quality document through a group process. Given the correct combination of authors and goals, a simple computer editor can be very helpful. Hypertext differs from text in that links among chunks of text are made explicit. It could be argued that collaborative writing would work particularly well with hypertext because the links among the writers' ideas could be more easily explored. In experiences with graduate students at two universities, this hypothesis has not been supported. The students did not understand how these links should be created and thus could not collaboratively write hypertext.
A Bayesian framework for learning rule sets for interpretable classification (2017)

We present a machine learning algorithm for building classifiers that are comprised of a small number of short rules. These are restricted disjunctive normal form models. An example of a classifier of this form is as follows: If X satisfies (condition A AND condition B) OR (condition C) OR ..., then Y = 1. Models of this form have the advantage of being interpretable to human experts since they produce a set of rules that concisely describe a specific class. We present two probabilistic models with prior parameters that the user can set to encourage the model to have a desired size and shape, to conform with a domain-specific definition of interpretability. We provide a scalable MAP inference approach and develop theoretical bounds to reduce computation by iteratively pruning the search space. We apply our method (Bayesian Rule Sets - BRS) to characterize and predict user behavior with respect to in-vehicle context-aware personalized recommender systems. Our method has a major advantage over classical associative classification methods and decision trees in that it does not greedily grow the model.
Three‐dimensional gradient‐echo imaging for percutaneous MR‐guided laser therapy of liver metastasis (2007)

3D GRE imaging with the capability to perform multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) shortens the procedure by reducing the number of sequences needed. Improved visibility of the titanium needles allows more precise insertion of multiple needles into the metastasis.
Empirical testing of algorithms for variable-sized label placement (1997)

We report an empirical comparison of different heuristic techniques for variable-sized point-feature label placement.
NMR relaxation and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic nanoworms (2010)

Maghemite particles are used as T₂ contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, especially for molecular and cellular imaging. Linear clusters of particles - called nanoworms - were recently developed to enhance the targeting efficiency. In this work, the magnetic and NMR relaxation properties of these nanoworms are studied at multiple magnetic fields. After the usual saturation at 0.5 T, the magnetization of the worms is still increasing, which results in an appreciable increase of the transverse relaxivity at high magnetic fields. The obtained relaxivities are typical of superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIOs). The transverse relaxation of the worms is clearly more efficient than for the isolated grains, which is confirmed by computer simulations. At high field, the longitudinal relaxation of the worms is less pronounced than for the grains, as expected for SPIOs. The nanoworms thus constitute a promising T₂ agent for cellular and molecular imaging.
Joint Wireless Information and Energy Transfer with Reduced Feedback in\n MIMO Interference Channels (2014)

To determine the transmission strategy for joint wireless information and\nenergy transfer (JWIET) in the MIMO interference channel (IFC), the information\naccess point (IAP) and energy access point (EAP) require the channel state\ninformation (CSI) of their associated links to both the information-decoding\n(ID) mobile stations (MSs) and energy-harvesting (EH) MSs (so-called local\nCSI). In this paper, to reduce th e feedback overhead of MSs for the JWIET in\ntwo-user MIMO IFC, we propose a Geodesic energy beamforming scheme that\nrequires partial CSI at the EAP. Furthermore, in the two-user MIMO IFC, it is\nproved that the Geodesic energy beamforming is the optimal strategy. By adding\na rank-one constraint on the transmit signal covariance of IAP, we can further\nreduce the feedback overhead to IAP by exploiting Geodesic information\nbeamforming. Under the rank-one constraint of IAP's transmit signal, we prove\nthat Geodesic information/energy beamforming approach is the optimal strategy\nfor JWIET in the two-user MIMO IFC. We also discuss the extension of the\nproposed rank-one Geodesic information/energy beamforming strategies to general\nK-user MIMO IFC. Finally, by analyzing the achievable rate-energy performance\nstatistically under imperfect partial CSIT, we propose an adaptive bit\nallocation strategy for both EH MS and ID MS.\n
Interspecies communication in bacteria (2003)

Until recently, bacteria were considered to live rather asocial, reclusive lives. New research shows that, in fact, bacteria have elaborate chemical signaling systems that enable them to communicate within and between species. One signal, termed AI-2, appears to be universal and facilitates interspecies communication. Many processes, including virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and motility, are controlled by AI-2. Strategies that interfere with communication in bacteria are being explored in the biotechnology industry with the aim of developing novel antimicrobials. AI-2 is a particularly attractive candidate for such studies because of its widespread use in the microbial kingdom.
Les nanotechnologies peuvent-elles contribuer à traiter des maladies sévères ? (2010)

La conception de nanotechnologies capables de transporter les médicaments dans l’organisme et de les libérer de manière spécifique au niveau du site d’action permet d’augmenter l’activité thérapeutique et de réduire la toxicité de nombreux médicaments. Ces « nanovecteurs » sont capables de protéger la molécule active de la dégradation par les enzymes de l’organisme, de l’adresser sélectivement vers le tissu ou la cellule cible, et d’en contrôler la libération. Plus spécifiques que les formulations pharmaceutiques traditionnelles, les « nanomédicaments » permettent de concevoir de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans la lutte contre des maladies sévères : cancers, infections intracellulaires, maladies métaboliques ou neurodégénératives, etc.
Fabrication of 2D-MoSe2 incorporated NiO Nanorods modified electrode for selective detection of glucose in serum samples (2021)

Layered molybdenum diselenide (MoSe<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets were formed by the weak Van der Waals forces of attraction between Se and Mo atoms. MoSe<sub>2</sub> has a larger space between the adjacent layers and smaller band gaps in the range of 0.85 to ~ 1.6 eV. In this study, MoSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets decorated nickel oxide (NiO) nanorods have been synthesized by hydrothermal method using sodium molybdate and selenium metal powder. NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub> composite formation was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the presence of MoSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets on NiO nanorods were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Nyquist plots of NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub> coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was indicated that it had lower charge transfer resistance compared to NiO/GCE and MoSe<sub>2</sub>/GCE. Furthermore, as-prepared NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub>/GCE was used to detect glucose in alkaline solution by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques. The NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub>/GCE was exhibited a linear response for the oxidation of glucose from 50 µM to 15.5 mM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9842) at 0.5 V by amperometry. The sensor response time and the limit of detection were found to be 2 s and 0.6 µM for glucose. Moreover, selectivity of the NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub> sensor was tested in the presence of common interferent molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, fructose, lactose, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine. It was found that NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub>/GCE did not respond to these interfering biomolecules. In addition, NiO/MoSe<sub>2</sub>/GCE had shown high stability, reproducibility and repeatability. Finally, the practical application of the sensor was demonstrated by detecting glucose in human blood serum with the acceptable recovery.
Synergistic Role of TLR Agonists in T Cell-Mediated Immunity Induced by Mannose Receptor Antibody Targeting of Tumor Antigens to Human DCs (2005)

s: Abstracts for the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (Primary Authors are Italicized): TURNING IMMUNIZATION INTO TUMOR REGRESSION: OBSTACLES AND STRATEGIES
Defining the Breakpoint Duration of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Predictive of Poor Outcomes (2019)

Optimal management of SAB should target bacterial clearance as soon as possible to minimize incremental risk of mortality with each day of positive blood culture. Delay in source control but not type of antistaphylococcal therapy was significantly associated with prolonged bacteremia and worse outcomes.
Structural Elucidation of Dendritic Host–Guest Complexes by X‐ray Crystallography and Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2007)

The multiple monovalent binding of adamantyl-urea poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers with carboxylic acid-urea guests was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and X-ray crystallography to better understand the structure and behavior of the dynamic multivalent complex in solution. The results from the two methods are consistent and suggest a preferred molecular picture of this complicated aggregate of multiple components. The guest molecules can bind to the dendrimer in a variety of ways although most involve hydrogen-bonding interactions between urea groups of the dendrimer with urea and/or carboxylic acid groups of the guest. In addition, acid-base interactions between the carboxylic acid of the guest and the tertiary amine in the interior of the dendritic host are present. Our proposed structure gives important information about the predominant dynamic interactions between the host and guest and illustrates how they fit together and interact with each other.
Sustainable Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Surfaces: Possible Matrix for Salt/Dye Separation (2015)

The development of a sustainable membrane surface based on chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) (CHI/PAA) multilayers suitable for applications in analytical separations is reported here. Bilayers are constructed on polyamide microfiltration membranes at a pH combination of 3/3 (CHI pH/PAA pH) through a layer by layer approach. A 12.5 bilayer yielded a thickness of 400 nm. Low pressure (10 psi) filtrations through a 5.5 bilayered membrane exhibited high flux (7 m(3) m(-2) day(-1)) and selectivity (NaCl/reactive black 5 (RB5) selectivity >8000). The selectivity and flux observed here are the highest reported to date for low pressure filtrations through membranes. The increase in flux with increasing feed salt concentration is correlated with morphological transformations. Salt content above 7500 ppm causes some perturbation of surface layers. The presence of RB5, a model dye in the feed, restores the surface to maintain sustainability. A skin layer as thin as 50 nm imparts a large separation window. An RB5 feed concentration of 500 ppm results in 98.64% rejection with a flux of 25.79 m(3) m(-2) day(-1). The increase in flux with feed dye concentration supports the plasticizing action of RB5. The transport studies with large feed dye concentrations indicate that at a dye concentration of 500 ppm, the linear growing region (pre-exponential, 5.5 bilayer) itself provides a separation window similar to that of 100 ppm. At the same time, 1000 ppm requires a 9.5 bilayer that falls in the nonlinear growing region. Scanning electron microscopy images show the increase in porosity with respect to feed dye. Interesting morphologies that show the sustainable nature of the membrane surfaces along with the transport data of RB5 are presented.
Optics for High-Performance Servers and Supercomputers (2010)

We report the optical interconnect for POWER7-IH systems, which provides high-BW, low-latency connectivity for 100,000s of high-performance CPU cores by leveraging dense transceiver and connector technologies to construct chip module optical IOs. ©2010 Optical Society of America
Front Matter: Volume 6904 (2008)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6904, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Alpha-gliadin genes from the A, B, and D genomes of wheat contain different sets of celiac disease epitopes (2006)

Our analysis shows that alpha-gliadin sequences from the three genomes of bread wheat form distinct groups. The four known T cell stimulatory epitopes are distributed non-randomly across the sequences, indicating that the three genomes contribute differently to epitope content. A systematic analysis of all known epitopes in gliadins and glutenins will lead to better understanding of the differences in toxicity among wheat varieties. On the basis of such insight, breeding strategies can be designed to generate less toxic varieties of wheat which may be tolerated by at least part of the CD patient population.
On the universality of the I–V switching characteristics in non-volatile and volatile resistive switching oxides (2018)

The I-V switching curves of bipolar switching non-volatile ReRAM devices show peculiar characteristics, such as an abrupt ON switching and the existence of a universal switching voltage. This switching behavior has been explained by the presence of a filamentary process, in which the width of a conductive filament changes during switching resulting in different resistance states. Vice versa, similar (ON) switching behavior, e.g. that of volatile switching Cr-doped V2O3 devices, has been interpreted as an indication of the presence of similar filamentary switching. In this paper, we want to review the correlation between filamentary (width) switching and the (SET) I-V characteristics by discussing the existing models. For the Cr-doped V2O3 devices, on the other hand, it is argued that a different, constant filament width switching mode may be present.
Highly-Sensitive Humidity Sensors for Condition Monitoring of Hybrid Laminates (2015)

In recent years fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) gained importance in a wider field of application due to such favourable properties as low mass and tailorable mechanical strength. However, water penetrating into the lightweight material can lead to a loss of shear strength and finally to a collapse of the whole mechanical structure. Consequently, the integration of humidity sensors into compound materials is able to promote the reliability via online condition monitoring. An innovative concept is the use of ceramics-polymer-composites, which are well suited for the integration into lightweight structures during inline production. Composite and polyimide based humidity sensors have been manufactured by flexographic printing and spin-coating processes. A 5-fold increase in sensor’s capacity related to a humidity change from 10 to 80 % r.h. manifests the outstanding sensitivity of manufactured composite sensors. In addition, FRP-integrated polyimide sensors showed a significant response to water penetration, whereby the capability of condition monitoring could be confirmed.
Fans and Air Handling Systems (2013)

The fan is the heart of any forced air cooling system. The fan propeller converts torque from the motor to increase the static pressure across the rotor of the fan and to energize the air particles. A fan is frequently employed in electronic equipment to provide the airflow required for cooling electronics. Direct air cooling is a primary example of using a fan for thermal control of electronic systems.
Label-free imaging of membrane potentials by intramembrane field modulation, assessed by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (2021)

Abstract Optical interrogation of cellular electrical activity has proven itself essential for understanding cellular function and communication in complex networks. Voltage-sensitive dyes are important tools for assessing excitability but these highly lipophilic sensors may affect cellular function. Label-free techniques offer a major advantage as they eliminate the need for these external probes. In this work, we show that endogenous second harmonic generation (SHG) from live cells is highly sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Simultaneous electrophysiological control of a living (HEK293T) cell, through whole-cell voltage clamp reveals a linear relation between the SHG intensity and membrane voltage. Our results suggest that due to the high ionic strengths and fast optical response of biofluids, membrane hydration is not the main contributor to the observed field sensitivity. We further provide a conceptual framework that indicates that the SHG voltage sensitivity reflects the electric field within the biological asymmetric lipid bilayer owing to a nonzero tensor. Changing the membrane potential without surface modifications such as electrolyte screening offers high optical sensitivity to membrane voltage (~40% per 100 mV), indicating the power of SHG for label-free read-out. These results hold promise for the design of a non-invasive label-free read-out tool for electrogenic cells.
Mechanically Flexible Interconnects With Contact Tip for Rematable Heterogeneous System Integration (2016)

A wafer-level, batch-fabricated, mechanically flexible interconnect (MFI) with a contact tip has been developed for rematable heterogeneous system integration. The contact tip, which exhibits a truncated-cone profile, enhances the scrubbing capability while maintaining the tip lifetime by avoiding tip plastic deformation. Electrical and mechanical characterization has been conducted on various testbeds to verify the performance of the assembled chip links with MFIs. The results indicate that a single MFI has an average electrical resistance of 103.21 mQ and up to 1 A current carrying capability, and can be successfully assembled on nonplanar surfaces with up to 45-μm surface variation.
A Comprehensive Ionosphere Storm Data Analysis Method to Support LAAS Threat Model Development (2005)

Several recent papers have analyzed the potential of severe ionosphere spatial gradients on LAAS users [14]. To support this work, a comprehensive methodology has been developed to analyze WAAS Supertruth data as well as both raw and JPL-processed data from the IGS/CORS receiver network to search for anomalous gradients. Anomalous gradients that result from this method are used to populate and validate the LAAS ionosphere spatial gradient threat model that is used to determine the potential impact of ionosphere anomalies on LAAS users. This paper explains the ionosphere data analysis method in detail. This method includes two separate chains of analysis. One chain uses dual-frequency (L1 and L2) data that is post-processed by JPL to remove receiver inter-frequency biases as well as obvious receiver glitches. A search for the largest ionosphere spatial gradients (in terms of the apparent gradient slope in mm/km) is then performed, and the resulting observations are put through a screening process that confirms that the observed gradients are due to actual ionosphere gradients as opposed to other causes (e.g., incorrect L1-L2 bias estimates; unexplained measurement jumps). Surviving observations from this chain are then validated by an analysis of ionosphere rate of change using L1 codeminus-carrier only to insure that the apparent gradients are not due to receiver errors after recovery from loss of lock on L2. Observations confirmed to be due to ionosphere gradients are then analyzed further (using additional nearby receivers) to estimate the gradient width and propagation speed to the extent possible. This paper presents results for analyses conducted using this method for the October 29 30 and November 20, 2003 ionosphere storms over CONUS. These days appear to represent the worst ionosphere storms experienced in CONUS since WAAS and IGS/CORS data became available. Preliminary results for several earlier storms in CONUS that might also be of concern to LAAS are also presented.