gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Performance Issues in SiC MOSFETs: Insight Provided by Spin Dependent Recombination (2019)

In this work, we utilize electrically detected magnetic resonance via the bipolar amplification effect to explore the physical and chemical nature of defects at the 4H-SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. Defects at and very near the 4H-SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface are involved in bias temperature instabilities in 4H-SiC transistor technology. Of particular relevance to reliability physics, our results indicate that oxygen deficient silicon atoms in the near-interface oxide, known as E' centers, can be greatly reduced utilizing nitric oxide and barium annealing. E' centers have been directly linked to bias temperature instabilities in 4H-SiC technology.
Rate of gas transport in glassy polymers: a free volume based predictive model (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate of gas transport in glassy polymers: a free volume based predictive modelK. Ganesh, R. Nagarajan, and J. Larry DudaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 3, 746–755Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00003a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance of subsurface flow wetlands with batch‐load and continuous‐flow conditions (1995)

Use of constructed wetlands designed for wastewater treatment is becoming common throughout the world. Oxidation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) may be increased by transport of oxygen (O 2 ) into the rhizosphere of aquatic plants and periodic draining of the wetland. Outdoor microcosms of subsurface flow wetlands (SFs) were operated receiving continuous flow or batch loads of primary and secondary wastewater. Six‐square meter microcosms planted with Scirpus pungens, received primary or secondary wastewater in batch load or continuous flow. Plants in SFs had significant effects on C and N oxidation, whereas, periodic draining of SFs had no significant effect. Greater than 90% carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) was removed within 18 hours in SFs with and without plants, after 6 and 12 hours plants had caused significant decreases in CBOD in the batch‐load SFs. The first‐order model for CBOD removal was not appropriate after 24 hours; removal rate coefficients were similar for batch‐load and continuous‐flow SFs with hydraulic retention times of 12 and 24 hours. Methanogenesis is the major respiratory pathway for CBOD removal. Oxygen transport in SFs estimated from C oxidation was 28.6 and 2.4 g/m 2 ·d estimated from N oxidation.
Chronic LD50 vs safest dose for the methanolic extract of curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) cultivated in Malaysia (2014)

Curry leaf viz. Murraya koenigiil eaves (MKL) is an ancient Ayurvedic medicinal plant that has recently been described as possessing robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study was conducted to determine the long-term LD50 of the methanolic extract of MKL during daily oral administration. Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats were recruited into the study. Each group comprised of six rats including the control group (1). The oral MKL doses used for groups (2) to (5) were 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively for a duration of ten weeks. The daily measured toxicity parameters were food and water consumption, body weight, general activity in forced swimming test and the cumulative mortalities. Group (5) showed 100% mortality within the first month of the study. Group (4) showed 50% mortality with signs of toxicity for the other 3 animals. Group (3) showed no mortalities but signs of toxicity for one animal were observed. No mortalities or toxicity signs were observed for any of group (2) animals. It can be concluded that the chronic LD50 for Malaysian cultivated MKL is 200 mg/kg/day, and the safest dose of MKL methanolic extract that can be implemented for long-term studies should not exceed 50 mg/kg/day.
Electrophysiological recording of human neuronal networks during suborbital spaceflight (2022)

Abstract The use of microfluidic tissue-on-a-chip devices in conjunction with electrophysiology (EPHYS) techniques has become prominent in recent years to study cell-cell interactions critical to the understanding of cellular function in extreme environments, including spaceflight and microgravity. Current techniques are confined to invasive whole-cell recording at intermittent time points during spaceflight, limiting data acquisition and overall reduced insight on cell behaviour. Currently, there exists no validated technology that offers continuous EPHYS recording and monitoring in physiological systems exposed to microgravity. In collaboration with imec and SpaceTango, we have developed an enclosed, automated research platform that enables continuous monitoring of electrically active human cell cultures during spaceflight. The Neuropixels probe system (imec) will be integrated for the first time within an engineered in-vitro neuronal tissue-on-a-chip model that facilitates the EPHYS recording of cells in response to extracellular electrical activity in the assembled neuronal tissue platform. Our goal is to study the EPHYS recordings and understand how exposure to microgravity affects cellular interaction within human tissue-on-a-chip systems in comparison to systems maintained under Earth’s gravity. Results may be useful for dissecting the complexity of signals obtained from other tissue systems, such as cardiac or gastrointestinal, when exposed to microgravity. This study will yield valuable knowledge regarding physiological changes in human tissue-on-a-chip models due to spaceflight, as well as validate the use of this type of platform for more advanced research critical in potential human endeavours to space.
Effect of nucleoside triphosphate and magnesium ion concentration on the stability and function of rat liver polysomes in vitro (1968)

The effects of different concentrations of ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP on polysome stability and function in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system prepared from rat liver were studied. Increasing the concentration of ATP in the incubation medium to 15mm resulted in progressive disaggregation of the polysomes; at ATP concentrations above 2mm their capacity to incorporate amino acids into peptide chains diminished. The same disaggregation phenomenon could be produced by incubating polysomes in a buffered medium containing 5mm-Mg(2+) and increasing concentrations of ATP. Although the disaggregating action of ATP could be prevented by increasing Mg(2+) concentration, the amino acid incorporation in the cell-free protein-synthesizing system remained impaired. The effects of different concentrations of GTP, UTP and CTP on polysome stability were similar to those of ATP. Increasing the concentrations of each nucleoside triphosphate also inhibited the hydrolysis of GTP in the cell-free protein-synthesizing system.
Distributed Rate Allocation for Network-coded Systems (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of distributed rate allocation for a class of multicast networks employing linear network coding. The goal is to minimize the cost (for example, the sum rates allocated to each link in the network) while satisfying a multicast rate requirement for each destination in the network. In essence, this paper aims to achieve network capacity while ensuring that the cost of operation (equivalently, the rate allocated per link in the network) is minimal. This paper uses a belief propagation framework to obtain a distributed algorithm for the rate allocation problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the convergence of this algorithm to the optimal rate allocation solution.
A Framework Combining Diagrammatic and Symbolic Problem Solving (2007)

We introduce Vivid, a domain-independent framework for mechanized heterogeneous natural deduction that combines diagrammatic and symbolic reasoning. The framework is presented in the form of a family of denotational proof languages (DPLs). We present novel formal structures, called named system states, that are specifically designed for modeling potentially underdetermined diagrams. These structures allow us to deal with incomplete information, which is a pervasive feature of heterogeneous problem solving. We introduce a notion of attribute interpretations that enables us to interpret first-order signatures into named system states, and develop a formal semantic framework based on a three-valued logic. We extend the assumption-base semantics of DPLs to accommodate diagrammatic reasoning by introducing general inference mechanisms for the valid extraction of information from diagrams and for the incorporation of sentential information into diagrams. A rigorous big-step operational semantics is given, on the basis of which we prove that our framework is sound. We present examples of particular instances of Vivid, and discuss related work.
Hepatitis-Associated Liver Cancer: Gaps and Opportunities to Improve Care: Table 1. (2015)

The global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; primary liver cancer) is increasing. HCC is often unaccompanied by clear symptomatology, causing patients to be unaware of their disease. Moreover, effective treatment for those with advanced disease is lacking. As such, effective surveillance and early detection of HCC are essential. However, current screening and surveillance guidelines are not being fully implemented. Some at-risk populations fall outside of the guidelines, and patients who are screened are often not diagnosed at an early enough stage for treatment to be effective. From March 17 to 19, 2015, the Hepatitis B Foundation sponsored a workshop to identify gaps and limitations in current approaches to the detection and treatment of HCC and to define research priorities and opportunities for advocacy. In this Commentary, we summarize areas for further research and action that were discussed throughout the workshop to improve the recognition of liver disease generally, improve the recognition of liver cancer risk, and improve the recognition that screening for HCC makes a life-saving difference. Participants agreed that primary prevention of HCC relies on prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis and other underlying etiologies. Earlier diagnosis (secondary prevention) needs to be substantially improved. Areas for attention include increasing practitioner awareness, better definition of at-risk populations, and improved performance of screening approaches (ultrasound, biomarkers for detection, risk stratification, targeted therapies). The heterogeneous nature of HCC makes it unlikely that a single therapeutic agent will be universally effective. Medical management will benefit from the development of new, targeted treatment approaches.
Human intrathymic T cell differentiation. (1990)

The human thymus develops early on in fetal gestation with morphologic maturity reached by the beginning of the second trimester. Endodermal epithelial tissue from the third pharyngeal pouch gives rise to TE3+ cortical thymic epithelium while ectodermal epithelial tissue from the third pharyngeal cleft invaginates and splits during development to give rise to A2B5/TE4+ medullary and subcapsular cortical thymic epithelium. Fetal liver CD7+ T cell precursors begin to colonize the thymus between 7 and 8 weeks of fetal gestation, followed by rapid expression on thymocytes of other T lineage surface molecules. Human thymic epithelial cells grown in vitro bind to mature and immature thymocytes via CD2 and CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) molecules on thymocytes and by CD58 (LFA-3) and CD54 (ICAM-1) molecules on thymic epithelial cells. Thymic epithelial cells produce numerous cytokines including IL1, IL6, G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF--molecules that likely are important in various stages of thymocyte activation and differentiation. Thymocytes can be activated via several cell surface molecules including CD2, CD3/TCR, and CD28 molecules. Finally, CD7+ CD4-CD8- CD3- thymocytes give rise to T cells of both the TCRab+ and TCR gd+ lineages.
Enhancing Favorable Propagation in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Through Spatial User Grouping (2018)

International audience
Family environment and development in children adopted from institutionalized care (2021)

Children who experience institutionalized care are at increased risk for significant deficits in developmental, cognitive, and social functioning associated with a disruption in the development of the prefrontal cortex. Aspects of the family caregiving environment moderate the effect of early life social deprivation in children. Family cohesiveness and expressiveness were protective influences, while family conflict and greater emphasis on rules were associated with a greater risk for executive dysfunction problems. This study should be viewed as preliminary data to be referenced by larger studies investigating developmental and behavioral outcomes of children adopted from institutional care.
Quantitative study of the quadriceps muscles and trochlear groove geometry related to instability of the patellofemoral joint (1998)

This was a quantitative study of the major anatomical structures associated with instability of the patellofemoral joint: the quadriceps muscles and the femoral trochlear groove. The attachments of the muscles to the patella, their lines of action, and their relative sizes (physiological cross-sectional areas) were found. On the basis of the physiological cross-sectional areas, it was estimated that the central muscles-the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius-contributed 35% of the quadriceps strength, with 40% from the vastus lateralis and 25% from the vastus medialis. The vastus lateralis had the most variable results, with the ratio of the lateralis to the medialis ranging from 0.90 to 2.18; this may be associated with patellar instability. Both the long and oblique parts of the vastus medialis were more oblique than the corresponding parts of the vastus lateralis. Photographic "skyline" views of the trochlear groove produced data on the sulcus angle and ratio of depth to width. The data showed that the trochlear groove did not deepen in the area contacted by the patella with progressive knee flexion (p > 0.53), contrary to popular belief. These data are useful for objective analysis of patellofemoral stability and related surgical interventions.
Auctions for Injecting Bank Capital (2009)

Public discussion has turned, in the past few days, toward using some of the $700 billion in rescue funds for the injection of government money into banks in return for ownership stakes. The purpose of this short note, an addendum to “A Troubled Asset Reverse Auction, ” is to describe an auction mechanism suitable for injections of capital into banks. The auctions would price the equity purchases through a competitive process.
Sleep-wake identification in infants: heart rate variability compared to actigraphy (2005)

Heart rate variability and actigraphy offer alternative techniques for sleep-wake identification compared to manual sleep scoring from a polysomnograph. The advantages include high accuracy, simplicity of use, and low intrusiveness. These advantages are valuable for determining sleep-wake states in such highly sensitive groups as infants. A learning vector quantization neural network was tested as a predictor. The accuracy of the neural network was compared to "gold standard" hand-scored polysomnographs. The prediction results are in agreement with other studies, thus validating the suggested methodology.
Involvement of Small Non‐Coding RNA in HIV‐1 Infection (2013)

Many mechanisms behind persistent infection of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) that lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain obscure. Uncovering those mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic opportunities such as the development of an effective gene therapy or vaccine. RNA has become a central player in the regulation of gene expression over the past decade, and further advances in non-coding RNA studies could generate critical insights into the basic mechanisms underlying HIV-1-mediated pathologies and T-lymphocyte depletion during the development of AIDS. This chapter covers small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) involved in HIV-1 infection such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) encoded by HIV-1, transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tdsmRNAs) related to HIV-1 replication, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The interplay between the miRNA pathway and HIV-1 pathogenesis and the feasibility of using sncRNAs for HIV-1 gene therapy will be discussed.
Global mobility approach with Mobile IP in "All IP" networks (2003)

The purpose of the document is to describe how the EURESCOM project P1013 FIT-MIP evaluates the use of Mobile IP in an IP core network, acting as a mobility management protocol federating heterogeneous access network technologies such as PSTN, WLAN or GPRS. The aim is to provide a wide IP environment with an always-on access to IP applications (VoIP, VPN, mobile Internet, etc.), Mobile IP functionalities enabling seamless mobility through the various networks.
An experimental investigation of surface generation using an integrated ultra-precision polishing process and different polishing trajectories (2011)

Ultra-precision freeform polishing (UPFP) is an emerging technology for the machining of ultra-precision freeform surfaces with submicrometre form accuracy and surface roughness in the nanometre range. However, our understanding of the surface generation and process planning for UPFP is still far from complete. This paper presents an experimental study of the surface generation for different polishing processes, which include mechanical polishing (MP) and fluid jet polishing (FJP). In addition, the generation of desirable structured surfaces of UPFP has also been experimentally investigated to examine if different trajectory planning affects surface hydrophobicity. The experimental results show that both MP and FJP can produce similar surface roughness but differences in surface texture after polishing. Desirable surface roughness and structured surfaces can be produced by appropriate planning and control of the combination of MP and FJP, and tool path trajectories in UPFP. The results also prove that tool path trajectories affect the hydrophobicity of polished surfaces. The results provide an important means for the development of an integrated polishing process to achieve the desirable surface roughness and surface texture based on process planning and control in UPFP.
Optical magnetic response in three-dimensional metamaterial of upright plasmonic meta-molecules (2011)

We report the first three-dimensional photonic metamaterial, an array of erected U-shape plasmonic gold meta-molecules, that exhibits a profound response to the magnetic field of light incident normal to the array. The metamaterial was fabricated using a double exposure e-beam lithographic process. It was investigated by optical measurements and finite-element simulations, and showed that the magnetic field solely depends on the plasmonic resonance mode showing either enhanced in the centre of the erected U-shape meta-molecule (16 times enhancement) or enhanced around two prongs of erected U-shape meta-molecule (4 times enhancement).
Sparse-View CT Reconstruction using Recurrent Stacked Back Projection (2021)

Sparse-view CT reconstruction is important in a wide range of applications due to limitations on cost, acquisition time, or dosage. However, traditional direct reconstruction methods such as filtered back-projection (FBP) lead to low-quality reconstructions in the sub-Nyquist regime. In contrast, deep neural networks (DNNs) can produce high-quality reconstructions from sparse and noisy data, e.g. through post-processing of FBP reconstructions, as can model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), albeit at a higher computational cost.In this paper, we introduce a direct-reconstruction DNN method called Recurrent Stacked Back Projection (RSBP) that uses sequentially-acquired backprojections of individual views as input to a recurrent convolutional LSTM network. The SBP structure maintains all information in the sinogram, while the recurrent processing exploits the correlations between adjacent views and produces an updated reconstruction after each new view. We train our network on simulated data and test on both simulated and real data and demonstrate that RSBP outperforms both DNN post-processing of FBP images and basic MBIR, with a lower computational cost than MBIR.
Ganzkörper-MSCT beim Polytrauma: Abdominelle Verletzungen (2005)

Contrast-enhanced whole-body MSCT is a reliable and rapid method for diagnosing abdominal injuries in patients after polytrauma. Only very few patterns of injury are not detected on CT. The appearance of fluid collection in the abdomen is an indicator of possible parenchyma injury and requires further evaluation in cases of clinically suspected organ trauma.
PHY interoperability with 11a/g legacy OFDM devices (2008)

One of the functional requirements in the development of the 802.11n standard was that some modes of operation must be backward compatible with 802.11a (and 802.11g if 2.4 GHz was supported) as described in Stephens (2005). Furthermore, the 802.11n standard development group also decided that interoperability should occur at the physical layer. This led to the definition of a mandatory mixed format (MF) preamble in 802.11n. In this chapter, we first review the 802.11a packet structure, transmit procedures, and receive procedures to fully understand the issues in creating a preamble that is interoperable between 802.11a and 802.11n devices. For further details regarding 802.11a beyond this review, refer to clause 17 in IEEE (2007a). Following this overview, the mixed format preamble, which is part of 802.11n, is discussed.
Real-Time Direct Dense Matching on Fisheye Images Using Plane-Sweeping Stereo (2014)

In this paper, we propose an adaptation of camera projection models for fisheye cameras into the plane-sweeping stereo matching algorithm. This adaptation allows us to do plane-sweeping stereo directly on fisheye images. Our approach also works for other non-pinhole cameras such as omni directional and catadioptric cameras when using the unified projection model. Despite the simplicity of our proposed approach, we are able to obtain full, good quality and high resolution depth maps from the fisheye images. To verify our approach, we show experimental results based on depth maps generated by our approach, and dense models produced from these depth maps.