gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual functionality of Trichoderma: Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and biostimulant of cotton plants (2022)

Microbial crop protection products based on <i>Trichoderma</i> have the ability to display multifunctional roles in plant protection, such as pathogen parasitism, enhance nutrient availability and stimulate plant growth, and these traits can be used to enhance the overall agronomic performance of a variety of crops. In the current study, we explored the multifunctional potential of two indigenous Brazilian strains of <i>Trichoderma</i> (<i>T. asperelloides</i> CMAA 1584 and <i>T. lentiforme</i> CMAA 1585) for their capability of controlling <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, a key plant pathogen of cotton, and for their ability of growth promotion in cotton plants (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>). Both strains were able to solubilize mineral phosphorus (CaHPO<sub>4</sub>), to release volatile organic compounds that impaired the mycelial growth of <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>, and to promote the growth of cotton plants under greenhouse conditions. In dual culture, <i>Trichoderma</i> strains reduced the growth rate and the number of sclerotia formed by <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>. By treating sclerotia with conidial suspensions of these <i>Trichoderma</i> strains, a strong inhibition of the myceliogenic germination was observed, as a result of the marked mycoparasitic activity exerted on the sclerotia. The parasitism over <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> was more effective with <i>T. asperelloides</i> CMAA 1584, whilst the biostimulant effects on cotton growth were more pronounced with <i>T. lentiforme</i> CMAA 1585, which also showed a higher capacity of phosphate solubilization. Thus<i>, T. asperelloides</i> CMAA 1584 displays higher efficiency in controlling <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>, while <i>T. lentiforme</i> CMAA 1585 is more suitable as a biostimulant due to its ability to promote growth in cotton plants. Overall, these <i>Trichoderma</i> strains may be used in mixture to provide both pathogen control and promotion of plant growth, and this strategy will support growers in minimizing the use of synthetic fertilizers and fungicides against white mold in cotton crops.
Triggering the adaptive immune system with commensal gut bacteria protects against insulin resistance and dysglycemia (2016)

Glycemia and insulin sensitivity can be regulated by triggering the adaptive immunity to microbiota interaction. This reduces the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a fat-enriched diet.
Identification of a Novel Giardia lamblia Cyst Wall Protein with Leucine-rich Repeats (1995)

Giardia lamblia trophozoites, like most intestinal parasitic protozoa, undergo fundamental biological changes to survive outside the intestine of their mammalian host by differentiating into infective cysts. This complex process entails the coordinated production, processing, and transport of cyst wall constituents for assembly into a protective cyst wall. Yet, little is known about this process and the identity of cyst wall constituents. We previously identified a 26-kDa cyst wall protein, CWP1. In the present work, using monoclonal antibodies to cyst wall antigens, we cloned the gene that encodes a novel 39-kDa cyst wall protein, CWP2. Expression of CWP1 and CWP2 was induced during encystation with identical kinetics. Soon after synthesis, these two proteins combine to form a stable complex, which is concentrated within the encystation-specific secretory granules before incorporation into the cyst wall. Both proteins contain five tandem copies of a 24-residue leucine-rich repeat, a motif implicated in protein-protein interactions. Unlike CWP1, CWP2 has an extremely basic 121-residue COOH-terminal extension that might be involved in the sorting of these proteins to the secretory granules.
Characteristics of AMPA receptor‐mediated responses of cultured cortical and spinal cord neurones and their correlation to the expression of glutamate receptor subunits, GluR1‐4 (2001)

Electrophysiological recordings have been used to characterize responses mediated by AMPA receptors expressed by cultured rat cortical and spinal cord neurones. The EC(50) values for AMPA were 17 and 11 microM, respectively. Responses of cortical neurones to AMPA were inhibited competitively by NBQX (pK(i)=6.6). Lower concentrations of NBQX (< or =1 microM) also potentiated the plateau responses of spinal cord neurones to AMPA, which could be attributed to a depression of desensitization to AMPA. GYKI 52466 inhibited responses of spinal cord neurones to AMPA to about twice the extent of responses of cortical neurones. Blockade of AMPA receptor desensitization by cyclothiazide (CTZ) potentiated responses of spinal cord neurones (6.8 fold) significantly more than responses of cortical neurones (4.8 fold). Responses of cortical neurones to KA were potentiated 3.5 fold by CTZ, while responses of spinal cord neurones were unaffected. Ultra-fast applications of AMPA to outside-out patches showed responses of spinal cord neurones desensitized by 97.5% and exhibit marked inward rectification, whereas cortical neurones desensitized by 91% and exhibited slight outward rectification. The time constants of deactivation and desensitization were about twice as fast in spinal cord than cortical neurones. In cortical neurones, single-cell RT - PCR showed GluR2 and GluR1 accounted for 91% of all subunits and were expressed together in 67% of neurones, predominantly as the flip variants (78%). GluR2 was detected alone in 24% of neurones. GluR3 and GluR4 were present in only 14 and 29% of neurones, respectively. For spinal cord neurones, GluR4(o) was detected in 81% of neurones, whereas predominantly flop versions of GluR1, 2 and 3 were detected in 38, 13 and 13% of neurones, respectively. These expression patterns are related to the respective pharmacological and mechanistic properties.
Structured illumination for 3D subdiffraction reconstruction of refractive-index and fluorescence (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Refractive-index (RI) is an inherent optical property of materials that can provide important biochemical and biophysical information about a biological sample. Optical-diffraction-tomography (ODT) is a current standard to obtain quantitative three-dimensional RI distributions, by measuring optical fields diffracted from the sample by rotated illumination beams. This method for ODT also synthetically enlarges the microscope’s lateral spatial-frequency support, and thus images the RI distribution with lateral resolution beyond the microscope's coherent diffraction limit. Fluorescence microscopy offers a complementary set of biological insights by offering imaging capabilities with molecular specificity. Analogous to ODT, super-resolution fluorescence techniques can offer these insights at spatial resolutions beyond the microscope's incoherent diffraction limit. Unfortunately, such super-resolution techniques are generally incompatible with ODT and a generalized sub-diffraction technique has been difficult to find, which hinders a cohesive, high-resolution, multimodal analysis of biological samples. We experimentally introduce, for the first time to our knowledge, a novel, high resolution, optical system that uses structured illumination (SI) to enable 3D sub-diffraction resolution imaging for both fluorescence and RI. We demonstrate sub-diffraction resolution, multimodal SI imaging of HT29 and MCF7 cells fluorescently stained for F-actin, such that the 3D RI and fluorescent distributions may offer unique, but complementary, insights into the biological samples.
Multi-day diurnal measurements of Ti-containing nanoparticle and organic sunscreen chemical release during recreational use of a natural surface water (2016)

A recreational water system was monitored for release of both mineral and organic sunscreen constituents for the first time.
Intraluminal Flagellin Differentially Contributes to Gut Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation following Burn Injury (2016)

Burn injury is associated with a loss of gut barrier function, resulting in systemic dissemination of gut-derived bacteria and their products. The bacterial protein and TLR5 agonist, flagellin, induces non-specific innate immune responses. Because we detected flagellin in the serum of burn patients, we investigated whether gut-derived flagellin was a primary or secondary contributor to intestinal dysfunction and systemic inflammation following burn injury. The apical surface of polarized human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), Caco-2BBe, were exposed to 50 or 500 ng of purified flagellin and 1 x 105 of an intestinal E. coli (EC) isolate as follows: 1) flagellin added 30 min prior to EC, 2) flagellin and EC added simultaneously, or 3) EC added 30 min prior to flagellin. Our results showed that luminal flagellin and EC modulated each other's biological actions, which influenced their ability to induce basolateral secretion of inflammatory cytokines and subsequent translocation of bacteria and their products. A low dose of flagellin accompanied by an enteric EC in the lumen, tempered inflammation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, higher doses of flagellin acted synergistically with EC to induce both intestinal and systemic inflammation that compromised barrier integrity, increasing systemic inflammation following burn injury, a process we have termed flagellemia. In a murine model of burn injury we found that oral gavage of flagellin (1 μg/mouse) significantly affected the gut microbiome after burn injury. In these mice, flagellin disseminated out of the intestine into the serum and to distal organs (mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs) where it induced secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and CXCL1/KC (mouse equivalent of human IL-8) at 24 and 48h post-burn. Our results illustrated that gut-derived flagellin alone or accompanied by a non-pathogenic enteric EC strain can function as an initiator of luminal and systemic inflammation following burn injury.
SYNTHESIS OF AMINO DERIVATIVES OF CYCLOHEPTAAMYLOSE HAVING STRONG ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES (1978)

Abstract In a study of the relationship between a number of amino groups in cycloheptaamylose and their antimicrobial activity, the polyamino derivatives of cycloheptaamylose, VIa and VIb possessing ten and eleven amino groups respectively were synthesized. VIa and VIb showed strong antimicrobial activities against such gram negative bacteria as Escherichia, Shigella and Pseudomonas species.
Toward a Philosophy and Theory of Volumetric Nonthermal Processing (2016)

Nonthermal processes for food preservation have been under intensive investigation for about the past quarter century, with varying degrees of success. We focus this discussion on two volumetrically acting nonthermal processes, high pressure processing (HPP) and pulsed electric fields (PEF), with emphasis on scientific understanding of each, and the research questions that need to be addressed for each to be more successful in the future. We discuss the character or "philosophy" of food preservation, with a question about the nature of the kill step(s), and the sensing challenges that need to be addressed. For HPP, key questions and needs center around whether its nonthermal effectiveness can be increased by increased pressures or pulsing, the theoretical treatment of rates of reaction as influenced by pressure, the assumption of uniform pressure distribution, and the need for (and difficulties involved in) in-situ measurement. For PEF, the questions include the rationale for pulsing, difficulties involved in continuous flow treatment chambers, the difference between electroporation theory and experimental observations, and the difficulties involved in in-situ measurement and monitoring of electric field distribution.
The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines DARC/ACKR1 (2015)

OPINION article Front. Immunol., 05 June 2015Sec. Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00279
Highly accelerated cardiac cine phase‐contrast MRI using an undersampled radial acquisition and temporally constrained reconstruction (2013)

TCR proved to be an effective method for reconstructing undersampled radial PC data. Although TCR utilizes a temporal constraint, temporal blurring was minimized by using appropriate constraint weights in addition to a spatially varying temporal constraint. TCR allowed for the acquisition time to be reduced to the duration of a breath-hold, while still resulting in accurate velocity measurements.
Field trials results of guided wave tomography (2015)

Corrosion is one of the industries major issues regarding the integrity of assets. Guided wave travel time tomography is a method capable of providing an absolute wall thickness map. This method is currently making the transition from the laboratory to the field. For this purpose a dedicated data acquisition system and special purpose EMAT sensor rings have been developed. The system can be deployed for permanent monitoring and inspections. Field trials have been conducted on various pipes with different diameters, containing either liquid or gas. The main focus has been on pipe supports. The results demonstrate the successful operation of the technology in the field. Expected corrosion damage was clearly visible on the produced results enabling asset owner to make calculated decisions on the pipelines safety, maintenance and operations.
Direct Delamination of Graphene for High‐Performance Plastic Electronics (2013)

Electrochemical delamination is developed to transfer graphene for plastic electronics. The use of a sacrificial support during transfer is eliminated by depositing the target polyimide substrate directly onto graphene. A continuous and residue-free graphene surface with less line disruptions (such as ripples and wrinkles) is obtained on the target polyimide substrate, and good mechanical durability as well as low sheet resistance is obtained. The properties are competitive with conventional transparent conducting films.
List-mode MLEM image reconstruction from 3D ML position estimates (2010)

Current thick detectors used in medical imaging allow recording many attributes, such as the 3D location of interaction within the scintillation crystal and the amount of energy deposited. An efficient way of dealing with these data is by storing them in list-mode (LM). To reconstruct the data, maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) is efficiently applied to the list-mode data, resulting in the list-mode maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (LMMLEM) reconstruction algorithm.In this work, we consider a PET system consisting of two thick detectors facing each other. PMT outputs are collected for each coincidence event and are used to perform 3D maximum-likelihood (ML) position estimation of location of interaction. The mathematical properties of the ML estimation allow accurate modeling of the detector blur and provide a theoretical framework for the subsequent estimation step, namely the LMMLEM reconstruction. Indeed, a rigorous statistical model for the detector output can be obtained from calibration data and used in the calculation of the conditional probability density functions for the interaction location estimates.Our implementation of the 3D ML position estimation takes advantage of graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware and permits accurate real-time estimates of position of interaction. The LMMLEM algorithm is then applied to the list of position estimates, and the 3D radiotracer distribution is reconstructed on a voxel grid.
A VLSI 128-channel data link control (1987)

A controller with a 160K transistor automatically extracted from a behavorial description and fabricated in 1μm CMOS will be described. The chip is 367×390 mils, attaining a device density of 0.9mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per transistor and dissipates 600mW at a clock rate of 8MHz.
Innentitelbild: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Ethylene Polymerization Activity of Bis(imino)pyridine Cobalt Alkyl Cations (Angew. Chem. 35/2011) (2011)

Die Streitfrage um die Art der aktiven Spezies bei der durch Bis(imino)pyridincobalt-Verbindungen katalysierten Ethylenpolymerisation wurde von P. J. Chirik et al. beantwortet. In der Zuschrift auf S. 8293 ff. berichten sie über die Synthese und Charakterisierung einer Familie von Alkylkationen, die als Einzelkomponentenkatalysatoren für die Ethylenpolymerisation dienen und bei denen es sich eindeutig um CoII-Spezies handelt, die durch ligandinduzierte Homolyse von Metall-Alkyl-Bindungen desaktiviert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Macrolactin A Analogues. Part 1. The C7‐ C20 Fragment. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal stability enhancement of hydrogen bonded semicrystalline thermoplastics achieved by combination of aramide chemistry and supramolecular chemistry (2016)

Supramolecular polymers based on an amorphous fatty acid central block and crystallizable H-bonding end-groups of increasing size show low melt viscosity and tunable thermo-stability.
OMG, I Have to Tweet that! A Study of Factors that Influence Tweet Rates (2021)

Many studies have shown that social data such as tweets are a rich source of information about the real-world including, for example, insights into health trends. A key limitation when analyzing Twitter data, however, is that it depends on people self-reporting their own behaviors and observations. In this paper, we present a large-scale quantitative analysis of some of the factors that influence self-reporting bias. In our study, we compare a year of tweets about weather events to ground-truth knowledge about actual weather occurrences. For each weather event we calculate how extreme, how expected, and how big a change the event represents. We calculate the extent to which these factors can explain the daily variations in tweet rates about weather events. We find that we can build global models that take into account basic weather information, together with extremeness, expectation and change calculations to account for over 40% of the variability in tweet rates. We build location-specific (i.e., a model per each metropolitan area) models that account for an average of 70% of the variability in tweet rates.
Comparative analysis of scalar and vector control methods for induction motors (2002)

Field-oriented motor control fits in a wide class of induction motor control methods. Alternatives include feedback linearization and observer-based nonlinear control. Comparisons are made among various vector controls, and also some advanced scalar controls. It is shown that demanding performance requirements such as rapid periodic speed variations can be realized with advanced methods. New scalar methods offer possible alternatives for less demanding drives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of C-16 Oximino and Vinyl Amphotericin B Derivatives. (1995)

Several new C-16 oximino and vinyl derivatives of amphotericin B are described. They are prepared by the reaction of a suitably protected amphotericin B C-16 aldehyde with hydroxylamine derivatives and Wittig reagents, respectively, followed by sequential removal of the protecting groups. The compounds possess potent antifungal activity in vitro, similar to or in some cases superior to that of amphotericin B itself. With the exception of the C-16 (Z)-methoxime, the new derivatives do not show significantly reduced haemolytic activity against mammalian erythrocytes compared with amphotericin B.
Targeting IKKbeta for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2010)

Activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors results in the expression of numerous genes involved in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses, and has been implicated as a key mechanism in chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The IκB kinases (IKKs) are key components in the signaling pathway by which proinflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α lead to the activation of NF-κB. The most widely studied of the IKKs is IKKβ. Inhibitors of the kinase activity of IKKβ offer opportunities for intervention in RA, as well as other inflammatory disorders. Some examples for which the most extensive data are available will here be reviewed.
An In Vitro Culture System That Supports Robust Expansion and Maintenance of In Vivo Engraftment Capabilities for Myogenic Progenitor Cells from Adult Mice (2014)

Muscle cell therapy and tissue engineering require large numbers of functional muscle precursor/progenitor cells (MPCs), making the in vitro expansion of MPCs a critical step for these applications. The cells must maintain their myogenic properties upon robust expansion, especially for cellular therapy applications, in order to achieve efficacious treatment. A major obstacle associated with MPCs expansion is the loss of "stemness," or regenerative capacity, of freshly isolated cells, presumably due to the absence of the native cellular niches. In the current study, we developed an in vitro system that allowed for long-term culture and massive expansion of murine MPCs (mMPCs) with the preservation of myogenic regeneration capabilities. Long term in vitro expanded mMPC expressed the myogenic stem cell markers Pax3 and Pax7 and formed spontaneously contracting myotubes. Furthermore, expanded mMPC injected into the tibialis anterior muscle of nude mice engrafted and formed myofibers. Collectively, the method developed in this study can be potentially adapted for the expansion of human MPCs to high enough numbers for treatment of muscle injuries in human patients.
Carotenoids in Flower Petals: Their Diversity and Molecular Basis of Accumulation (2019)

[in Japanese]
Assessment of postsurgical distress and pain in laboratory mice by nest complexity scoring (2013)

Preliminary studies have suggested a correlation between postsurgical pain and nest building behaviour in laboratory mice. However, there is no standardized measure for estimating pain by means of nest building performance. Here, we investigated nest building under various conditions, and scored nest complexity to assess postsurgical pain. Mice of both sexes, different strains [C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and B6D2-Tg(Pr-mSMalphaActin)V5rCLR-25], and kept under different housing conditions, showed no differences in their latency to use the offered nest material. Healthy female C57BL/6J mice were engaged 4.3% of the day with nest building and showed three peaks of this behaviour: in the beginning and middle of the light phase, and in the second half of the dark phase. For assessment of postsurgical pain, female C57BL/6J mice underwent a sham embryo transfer +/− different doses of the analgesic carprofen or control treatment. Nest complexity scoring at 9 h after the experimental treatments (i.e. at the end of the light phase) resulted in less than 10% of animals with noticeably manipulated nest material (nestlet) after surgery and more than 75% of healthy mice having built identifiable-to-complex nests or had noticeably manipulated nestlets, while animals after anaesthesia-only showed intermediate nest complexity. Carprofen analgesia resulted in no (5 mg/kg) or only slight (50 mg/kg) improvement of nest complexity after surgery. Thus, nest complexity scoring can be incorporated into daily laboratory routine and can be used in mice as a sensitive tool for detecting reduced wellbeing and general condition, but probably not for determining the efficacy of pain treatment.