gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune response with sipuleucel-T in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Phase II ProACT study. (2013)

148 Background: Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC. Sipuleucel-T prepared using 10μg/mL PA2024 (PAP-GM-CSF antigen) stimulates immune responses and prolongs overall survival (OS). ProACT is an ongoing phase 2 study to evaluate immune responses and OS of sipuleucel-T when manufactured using 3 different concentrations of PA2024. Here we report data from the FDA-approved concentration, 10μg/mL PA2024 (n=40). Methods: Pts with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC (n=120) received sipuleucel-T manufactured using 2, 5 or 10μg/mL PA2024 for a total of 3 infusions with 2-wk intervals. Peripheral immune responses were evaluated 2, 4 and 6 mo after 1 st infusion by serum ELISA (n=40), and B cell activation phenotype was characterized during the manufacture of the product by flow cytometry (n=19). Results: During product manufacture both mature and memory B cells were activated; the percentage of B cells that had a mature phenotype (defined as CD20 + IgD + CD27 + CD86 + ) was increased only after culture of each successive treatment. Activated memory B cells (defined as CD20 + IgD - CD27 + CD86 + ) were also increased after culture of each successive treatment and in pre-culture cells at the 3 rd treatment. At mo 2, median serum anti-PA2024 and anti-PAP titers (IgG and IgM combined) were 128 and 32-fold higher vs baseline respectively, compared to median serum anti-GM-CSF titers, which were 16-fold higher vs baseline. Median serum anti-PA2024 titers (IgG and IgM combined) were significantly higher than those for anti-GM-CSF (p&lt;0.001) at all timepoints and correlated with anti-PAP titers (r=0.840). PA2024 and PAP responder frequencies (IgG and IgM titers combined &gt;12,800) were 79% and 47% of pts, respectively. Anti-tetanus titers were predominantly IgG and did not differ between timepoints. Conclusions: These data indicate that sipuleucel-T induces an activated memory phenotype, evident after each culture in vivo after the first two treatments. Sipuleucel-T also appears to generate robust, long lasting anti-PA2024 and anti-PAP responses. Analyses comparing the 3 dosing cohorts will be reported in future publications. Clinical trial information: NCT00715078.
Multivariate Fluorescence Imaging of Gel on Nylon 66 Production Pack Screens (1995)

Fluorescence microscopy is an established technique for qualitative and quantitative surface imaging. Because many “real world” surfaces of interest are optically rough (vertical variations on the order of 100 μm or more) it is of great interest to minimize the amount of spectral information lost because of depth-of-focus variations. Multivariate statistics on normalized spectra provide an ideal method for extracting information from such data. The following study examines nylon 66 gel on production pack screens via multivariate fluorescence imaging.
Is Anterior Release Obsolete or Does It Play a Role in Contemporary Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery? A Matched Pair Analysis (2019)

AR improves coronal and sagittal plane correction in contemporary AIS surgery with a satisfactory complication profile with less pedicle screw density required for clinically similar corrections. A further prospective study on the benefits of AR may help define specific indications.
Tracheobronchial epithelial multinucleation, viral inclusion bodies and malignant disease. (1977)

Patients with malignant disease are known to have an increased incidence of multinucleation in their tracheobronchial ciliated epithelial cells as compared with controls matched by age, sex and smoking habit. A seasonal relationship of viral inclusion bodies in the cilated epithelium of asymptomatic subjects has also been shown and is not related to age, sex and smoking habit. We have conducted an epidemiologic study to determine the possible relationships between these factors. Smears from 4,150 patients with a wide variety of pathologic conditions were examined for the presence of viral inclusions and multinucleated, ciliated epithelial cells. High degress of multinucleation were observed least frequenctly in the summer both in patients with and without known malignancy. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were also seen least frequently in the summer and autumn both in patients with and without know malignancy. In the presence of cancer, multinucleated epithelial cells and inclusion bodies were seen more frequently regardless of the season. When the seasonal incidence of multinucleated cells in 155 smears containing viral inclusion bodies was analyzed, it was found that patients without cancer had the lowest levels of multinucleation in the summer, whereas cancer patients had a depressed incidence of multinucleation in the winter and spring. Respiratory viruses may have a specific effect on the ciliated epithelium of cancer patients.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15B polysaccharide conjugate elicits a cross-functional immune response against serotype 15C but not 15A (2022)

Protection conferred by pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is associated with PCV-induced antibodies against vaccine-covered serotypes that exhibit functional opsonophagocytic activity (OPA). Structural similarity between capsular polysaccharides of closely related serotypes may result in induction of cross-reactive antibodies with or without a cross-functional activity against a serotype not covered by a PCV, with the former providing an additional protective clinical benefit. Serotypes 15B, 15A, and 15C, in the serogroup 15, are among the most prevalent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes associated with invasive pneumococcal disease following the implementation of a 13-valent PCV; in addition, 15B contributes significantly to acute otitis media. Serological discrimination between closely related serotypes such as 15B and 15C is complicated; here, we implemented an algorithm to quickly differentiate 15B from its closely related serotypes 15C and 15A directly from whole-genome sequencing data. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations of serotypes 15A, 15B, and 15C polysaccharides demonstrated that while 15B and 15C polysaccharides assume rigid branched conformation, 15A polysaccharide assumes a flexible linear conformation. A serotype 15B conjugate, included in a 20-valent PCV (PCV20), induced cross-functional OPA serum antibody responses against the structurally similar serotype 15C but not against serotype 15A, both not included in PCV20. In PCV20-vaccinated adults (18-49 years), robust OPA antibody titers were detected against both serotypes 15B (the geometric mean titer [GMT] of 19,334) and 15C (GMTs of 1692 and 2747 for strains PFE344340 and PFE1160, respectively), but were negligible against serotype 15A (GMTs of 10 and 30 for strains PFE593551 and PFE647449, respectively). Cross-functional 15B/C responses were also confirmed using sera from a larger group of older adults (60-64 years).
71 Ga NMR characterization of an n-doped free-standing gallium nitride wafer (2019)

Abstract The crystallinity of an n-doped free-standing GaN wafer sliced from a GaN crystal grown on a GaN template with a mask pattern was characterized by 71 Ga NMR. The quadrupolar frequency determined from the quadrupolar-split 71 Ga spectra agreed with that of free-standing GaN single crystals reported in the literature. On the other hand, the broad satellite transition lines compared to the central transition line manifested structural deviation. The satellite linewidths were notably anisotropic with respect to the angle between the magnetic field and the crystalline axes; this phenomenon was attributed to the strain distribution inside the crystal. Assuming uniform deformation of the crystal as the main origin of the satellite linewidths, the longitudinal strain distribution was estimated to be on the order of 10 −5 . The strain distribution was also found to be slightly larger at the center of the wafer than at the edge.
Organocatalytic Stereoselective Direct Aldol Reaction of Trifluoroethyl Thioesters (2011)

Abstract The first organocatalytic, stereoselective and direct aldol reaction of activated thioesters with aldehydes has been accomplished. The trichlorosilyl ketene thioacetal generated in situ by adding a tertiary amine to a trifluoroethyl thioester in the presence of tetrachlorosilane is activated by catalytic amounts of an enantiomerically pure biheteroaromatic phosphine oxide to react with different aldehydes, coordinated to as well as activated by the chiral cationic hypervalent silicon species. Starting from a variety of readily available thioesters, this Lewis acid‐mediated Lewis base‐catalyzed transformation allows the direct synthesis of syn ‐β‐hydroxy thioesters in up to 95% ee .
Elevated serum anti-I2 and anti-OmpW antibody levels in children with IBD (2006)

Among children with IBD, strong serological responses to microbial antigens can be found, suggesting that P fluorescens and B caccae antigens have a potential role in the microbiology and immunology of the disease. Furthermore, serologic reactivity to the set of antigens studied here seems to be applicable in the initial differential diagnosis of children with CD and UC.
Packing and deploying Soft Origami to and from cylindrical volumes with application to automotive airbags (2016)

Packing soft-sheet materials of approximately zero bending stiffness using Soft Origami (origami patterns applied to soft-sheet materials) into cylindrical volumes and their deployment via mechanisms or internal pressure (inflation) is of interest in fields including automobile airbags, deployable heart stents, inflatable space habitats, and dirigible and parachute packing. This paper explores twofold patterns, the 'flasher' and the 'inverted-cone fold', for packing soft-sheet materials into cylindrical volumes. Two initial packing methods and mechanisms are examined for each of the flasher and inverted-cone fold patterns. An application to driver's side automobile airbags is performed, and deployment tests are completed to compare the influence of packing method and origami pattern on deployment performance. Following deployment tests, two additional packing methods for the inverted-cone fold pattern are explored and applied to automobile airbags. It is shown that modifying the packing method (using different methods to impose the same base pattern on the soft-sheet material) can lead to different deployment performance. In total, two origami patterns and six packing methods are examined, and the benefits of using Soft Origami patterns and packing methods are discussed. Soft Origami is presented as a viable method for efficiently packing soft-sheet materials into cylindrical volumes.
Twisted pair sample subjected to square voltages: Measurements of dielectric properties during partial discharges (2009)

The dielectric response of a twisted pair sample was measured by means of Arbitrary Waveform Impedance Spectroscopy (AWIS) during partial discharge (PD) activity caused by exposure to a square bipolar voltage with different rise times and fundamental frequencies. By utilizing the harmonic content of non-sinusoidal voltage waveforms the dielectric behavior could be studied simultaneously at several frequencies. The wide frequency range and rapid rate of these measurements enable studies of PD features which previously have been difficult to observe. Both discharge bursts and what is believed to be charge relaxation could be distinguished in the dielectric response spectra. An influence of rise time on PD inception was seen as well as the different behavior (i.e. intermittent and successive PDs) depending on voltage level.
Programmable Coupler Ladder Based on Lithium Niobate Y-Junction Reflector (2005)

This paper presents a proposal for a novel integrated tunable coupler device called programmable coupler ladder, based on Titanium diffused lithium niobate waveguide and Y-junction reflector. Unlike the traditional serial to parallel converter, the coupler ladder sorts the output bits in the time axis using a built-in delay waveguide. With a proper control signal it can perform signal processing at the bit level. It also can generate coherent multi-channel outputs with theoretically arbitrary amplitude and phase from continuous input light source. Its application in optical microwave beam forming is briefly described. The key component, built-in delay line based on Y-junction reflector, has been experimentally verified via a loop resonator structure. I dB loss is found for each Y-junction reflector, which enables a practical coupler ladder. The loop itself is also an important device for optical signal processing.
Massive MIMO with Low-Resolution ADCs (2016)

We investigate the information-theoretic throughput that is achievable over a fading communication link when the receiver is equipped with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus on the case where neither the transmitter, nor the receiver have any a priori channel state information. This means that the fading realizations have to be learned through pilot transmission followed by channel estimation at the receiver, based on coarsely quantized observations. For the extreme case of one-bit ADCs and for the single-user single-input single-output case, we show that least squares (LS) estimation combined with joint pilot-data processing is optimal in terms of the achievable rate. We also investigate the uplink throughput achievable by a massive multiple-input multiple-output system in which the base station is equipped with low-resolution ADCs. We show that for the one-bit quantized case, LS estimation together with maximal ratio combing or zero-forcing detection is sufficient to support reliable multi-user transmission with high-order constellations. Numerical results show that the rates achievable in the infinite-precision (no quantization) case can be approached using ADCs with only a few bits of resolution. The robustness of the low-resolution ADC system against receive power imbalances between the different users, caused for example by imperfect power control, is also investigated.
DLX genes as targets of ALL-1: DLX 2,3,4 down-regulation in t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemias (2003)

Dlx genes constitute a gene family thought to be essential in morphogenesis and development. We show here that in vertebrate cells, Dlx genes appear to be part of a regulatory cascade initiated by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-1, a master regulator gene whose disruption is implicated in several human acute leukemias. The expression of Dlx2, Dlx3, Dlx5, Dlx6, and Dlx7 was absent in All-1 -/- mouse embryonic stem cells and reduced in All-1 +/- cells. In leukemic patients affected by the t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal abnormality, the expression of DLX2, DLX3, and DLX4 was virtually abrogated. Our data indicate that Dlx genes are downstream targets of ALL-1 and could be considered as important tools for the study of the early leukemic cell phenotype.
Interfacial band alignment and structural properties of nanoscale TiO2 thin films for integration with epitaxial crystallographic oriented germanium (2014)

We have investigated the structural and band alignment properties of nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films deposited on epitaxial crystallographic oriented Ge layers grown on (100), (110), and (111)A GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The TiO2 thin films deposited at low temperature by physical vapor deposition were found to be amorphous in nature, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed a sharp heterointerface between the TiO2 thin film and the epitaxially grown Ge with no traceable interfacial layer. A comprehensive assessment on the effect of substrate orientation on the band alignment at the TiO2/Ge heterointerface is presented by utilizing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. A band-gap of 3.33 ± 0.02 eV was determined for the amorphous TiO2 thin film from the Tauc plot. Irrespective of the crystallographic orientation of the epitaxial Ge layer, a sufficient valence band-offset of greater than 2 eV was obtained at the TiO2/Ge heterointerface while the corresponding conduction band-offsets for the aforementioned TiO2/Ge system were found to be smaller than 1 eV. A comparative assessment on the effect of Ge substrate orientation revealed a valence band-offset relation of ΔEV(100) &amp;gt; ΔEV(111) &amp;gt; ΔEV(110) and a conduction band-offset relation of ΔEC(110) &amp;gt; ΔEC(111) &amp;gt; ΔEC(100). These band-offset parameters are of critical importance and will provide key insight for the design and performance analysis of TiO2 for potential high-κ dielectric integration and for future metal-insulator-semiconductor contact applications with next generation of Ge based metal-oxide field-effect transistors.
Grassypeptolides F and G, Cyanobacterial Peptides from Lyngbya majuscula (2011)

Grassypeptolides F (1) and G (2), bis-thiazoline-containing cyclic depsipeptides with a rare β-amino acid, extensive N-methylation, and a large number of d-amino acids, are reported from an extract of the Palauan cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Both 1 and 2 were found to have moderate inhibitory activity against the transcription factor AP-1 (IC₅₀ = 5.2 and 6.0 μM, respectively).
Survival Benefit Conferred by Topical Antimicrobial Preparations in Burn Patients: A Historical Perspective (2004)

When resources are limited, topical therapy (specifically, MA) is likely to confer the greatest survival benefit for combatants with burns of 40-79% TBSA.
Abstract 258: The Effect of Chest Compression Location on Cerebral Oxygenation (2019)

Introduction: This study examined the effect of guideline-compliant compressions performed on two locations of the chest on changes in cerebral oxygenation as measured by NIRS. We hypothesized that compressions performed over the left ventricle (LV) would produce higher levels of cerebral oxygenation than over the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) despite both types of compressions being within recommended guidelines. Methods: LV and LVOT compression locations were identified on the chest using trans-esophageal ultrasound in 9 domestic swine. Following 6 minutes of untreated VF, 1-inch mechanical compressions were initiated at 100 cpm and depth was increased to 2 inches over the course of 1 min. Four 2-min periods of compressions were then performed alternating between the two chest locations, with periods separated by a 10 second pause. Animals were block randomized to start with either LV or LVOT locations. Following the fourth round of compressions, epinephrine was administered followed by up to three defibrillation attempts. Changes in cerebral oxygenation were quantified using the slope of the NIRS signal during each 2-min compression period. One animal was excluded from the analysis due to a ruptured right atrium during the first round of compressions. Results: The mean increase in the cerebral oxygenation signal was 1.8% units (95% CI: 0.9-2.7) during each 2-min period of LV compressions and 1.4% units (95% CI: 0.3 - 2.5) during LVOT compressions. Five out of nine animals achieved ROSC. The mean increase for animals that achieved ROSC was 2.4% units (95% CI: 1.2 - 3.6) during LV compressions and 2.1% units (95 CI: 0.64 - 3.6) during LVOT compressions. For those that did not achieve ROSC, the increase was 0.98% units (95% CI: -0.83 - 2.8) during LV compressions and -0.28 (95% CI: -1.6 - 1.1) during LVOT compressions. Conclusions: There does not appear to be an effect of chest compression location on cerebral oxygenation during mechanical CPR. However, increases in cerebral oxygenation appear to be greater in animals that achieved ROSC. Monitoring changes in cerebral oxygenation over a period of CPR may serve as an index of chest compression effectiveness.
A self-steering I/Q receiver array in 45-nm CMOS SOI (2013)

A novel I/Q receiver array is demonstrated that adapts phase shifts in each receive channel to point a receive beam toward an incident RF signal. The measured array operates at 8.1 GHz and covers steering angles of +/-35 degrees for a four element array. Additionally, the receiver incorporates an I/Q down-converter and demodulates 64QAM with EVM less than 4%. The chip is fabricated in 45 nm CMOS SOI process and occupies an area of 3.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while consuming 143 mW dc power.
Gap Sense: Lightweight coordination of heterogeneous wireless devices (2013)

Coordination of co-located wireless devices is a fundamental function/requirement for reducing interference. However, different devices cannot directly coordinate with one another as they often use incompatible modulation schemes. Even for the same type (e.g., WiFi) of devices, their coordination is infeasible when neighboring transmitters adopt different spectrum widths. Such an incompatibility between heterogeneous devices may severely degrade the network performance. In this paper, we introduce Gap Sense (GSense), a novel mechanism that can coordinate heterogeneous devices without modifying their PHYlayer modulation schemes or spectrum widths. GSense prepends legacy packets with a customized preamble, which piggy-backs information to enhance inter-device coordination. The preamble leverages the quiet period between signal pulses to convey such information, and can be detected by neighboring nodes even when they have incompatible PHY layers. We have implemented and evaluated GSense on a software radio platform, demonstrating its significance and utility in three popular protocols. GSense is shown to deliver coordination information with close to 100% accuracy within practical SNR regions. It can also reduce the energy consumption by around 44%, and the collision rate by more than 88% in networks of heterogeneous transmitters and receivers.
Dopant‐Dependent Stability of Garnet Solid Electrolyte Interfaces with Lithium Metal (2019)

Abstract Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) garnet‐based materials doped with Al, Nb, or Ta to stabilize the Li + ‐conductive cubic phase are a particularly promising class of solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. Understanding of the intrinsic reactivity between solid electrolytes and relevant electrode materials is crucial to developing high voltage solid‐state batteries with long lifetimes. Using a novel, surface science‐based approach to characterize the intrinsic reactivity of the Li–solid electrolyte interface, it is determined that, surprisingly, some degree of Zr reduction takes place for all three dopant types, with the extent of reduction increasing as Ta &lt; Nb &lt; Al. Significant reduction of Nb also takes place for Nb‐doped LLZO, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of Li||Nb–LLZO||Li symmetric cells further revealing significant increases in impedance with time and suggesting that the Nb reduction propagates into the bulk. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Nb‐doped material shows a strong preference for Nb dopants toward the interface between LLZO and Li, while Ta does not exhibit a similar preference. EIS and DFT results, coupled with the observed reduction of Zr at the interface, are consistent with the formation of an “oxygen‐deficient interphase” (ODI) layer whose structure determines the stability of the LLZO–Li interface.