gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Dynamics of GNA: A Molecular Dynamics Study (2010)

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is a newly discovered, non-natural nucleic acid consisting of an acyclic propylene glycol phosphodiester backbone. This highly simplified nucleic acid is capable of forming stable duplexes far exceeding the thermodynamic stability of DNA. To this date, the only structure available contains modified nucleobases. In this study we utilize molecular dynamics simulations in order to explore the structure and dynamics of both the modified and unmodified GNA. MD simulations show periodic fluctuations in the backbone RMSDs which are attributed to a “breathing mode” involving a twisting/ untwisting mode. This observation is consistent with thermodynamic analysis which shows the GNA duplex formation is entropically more favorable than DNA. The inherent flexibility of the GNA duplex in comparison to the DNA duplex is discussed in relation to entropic penalties upon annealing.
Nanosheet-based Complementary Field-Effect Transistors (CFETs) at 48nm Gate Pitch, and Middle Dielectric Isolation to enable CFET Inner Spacer Formation and Multi-Vt Patterning (2023)

We report on Si nanosheet monolithic Complementary Field-Effect Transistors (CFETs) at industry-relevant 48nm gate pitch, with source-drains (SDs) and SD contacts formed for either bottom or top devices. SD epi patterning at 30nm vertical N-P space and high-aspect-ratio SD contact formation are successfully demonstrated. Functional devices with excellent subthreshold slope $(SS_{SAT}=7075$ mV/dec) are reported for bottom and top devices, for both N- and PMOS. Middle dielectric isolation (MDI) formed by SiGe replacement processing is introduced as an enabler for monolithic CFET inner spacer formation and multi-Vt patterning.
16 x 20-Gb/s, 400-km WDM transmission over NZDSF using a slope-compensating fiber-grating module (2000)

We demonstrate 16-channel wavelength-division multiplexing transmission over nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber at a per-channel rate of 20 Gb/s. A broad-band dispersion-compensating grating module is used for compensation of dispersion and dispersion slope.
Adaptive in-network query deployment for shared stream processing environments (2008)

In-network processing has been an important research problem for distributed stream processing systems. In this paper, we study the problem in the context of shared processing environments, where query operators could be used by multiple applications. In these environments, run-time modifications on the query deployment add new challenges. Applications with strict and potentially conflicting QoS requirements may share operators. Hence, operator placement decisions must be fast, adaptive to network conditions, and well-coordinated in order to guarantee the QoS expectations. We propose a novel sharing-aware middleware for in- network processing that achieves fast adaptivity to dynamic changes. We follow a proactive approach where nodes propagate metadata regarding alternative operator placement configurations. Whenever QoS violations occur, the metadata enables nodes to make fast, localized, operator migration decisions that can adapt to dynamic network conditions and resolve the existing violations.
Ibrutinib and rituximab versus fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (FLAIR): interim analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2023)

Cancer Research UK and Janssen.
Detection of a biomarker for the cancer status of ovarian epithelial cells (2006)

A screen of ovarian and breast non-malignant and malignant samples was conducted using a novel antiserum against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to assess the status of the PCNA protein in the samples. The novel antiserum, called “B1 antiserum”, was generated against a synthetic peptide representing a binding domain of the PCNA protein. Protein extracts from primary cultures of non-malignant ovarian surface epithelial cells, ovarian cancer cell lines, non-malignant ovarian tissue samples and ovarian tumours were prepared and resolved by 2 D gel electrophoresis, transferred to membranes and blotted with the B1 antiserum. The antiserum detected a novel protein, as well as PCNA, in the non-malignant samples but the novel protein was absent in the malignant samples. The novel protein was detected at a molecular weight of about 45 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of approximately 5.5 vs. a molecular weight of 36 kD and pI of 4.6 for PCNA. We refer to the novel protein as the B1 protein. A panel of PCNA antibodies to different epitopes of the protein did not detect the novel B1 protein in Western blots, making it unlikely that the B1 protein is a modified form of PCNA. The B1 protein has not been observed in other cell types such as fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells nor in malignant ovarian epithelial cell lines or tumor samples. Interestingly, the B1 protein does occur in the ovarian cancer line PA-1, which is not of epithelial origin. These observations indicate that B1 could be tumor suppressor associated with epithelial cell types. Support from the Northern Ontario School of Medicine and U.S. D.O.D.
Multidimensional single-cell analysis identifies a role for CD2-CD58 interactions in clinical antitumor T cell responses (2022)

The in vivo persistence of adoptively transferred T cells is predictive of antitumor response. Identifying functional properties of infused T cells that lead to in vivo persistence and tumor eradication has remained elusive. We profiled CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as the infusion products used to treat large B cell lymphomas using high-throughput single-cell technologies based on time-lapse imaging microscopy in nanowell grids (TIMING), which integrates killing, cytokine secretion, and transcriptional profiling. Our results show that the directional migration of CD19-specific CAR T cells is correlated with multifunctionality. We showed that CD2 on T cells is associated with directional migration and that the interaction between CD2 on T cells and CD58 on lymphoma cells accelerates killing and serial killing. Consistent with this, we observed that elevated CD58 expression on pretreatment tumor samples in patients with relapsed or refractory large B cell lymphomas treated with CD19-specific CAR T cell therapy was associated with complete clinical response and survival. These results highlight the importance of studying dynamic T cell-tumor cell interactions in identifying optimal antitumor responses.
Use of opioid pain relievers following extraction of third molars. (2015)

Following extraction of third molars, it is common practice for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to provide a prescription for an opioid-containing analgesic such as hydrocodone with acetaminophen. Because the instructions for use most often indicate that these analgesics are to be taken "as needed for pain," it is unknown how many of the prescribed postoperative analgesic tablets are needed and actually taken. Therefore, an assessment of patient pain experiences and actual opioid analgesic usage was carried out using structured telephone interviews of patients performed 1 and 7 days following their thirdmolar extraction surgery. Forty-eight adolescents and young adults, ages 15 to 30 years, participated in this assessment. A review of the surgeon's notes indicated that the median number of prescribed opioid-containing analgesics (ie, Vicodin®, Norco®, Lorcet®, Percocet®) was 20 tablets (range 10 to 40). The median consumption during the first 24 hours was reported to be three tablets (range 0 to 10), and the total consumption for all 7 days was eight tablets (range 0 to 34). Four patients reported nausea or vomiting in the first 24 hours, and six patients reported nausea or vomiting during the following 6 days of recovery. The initial prescriptions provided adequate relief for 45 of the 48 patients. Higher consumption of opioid pain relievers (OPRs) was associated with a longer duration of surgery and the occurrence of postoperative infections.
In Vivo Influenza Virus-Inhibitory Effects of the Cyclopentane Neuraminidase Inhibitor RWJ-270201 (2001)

The cyclopentane influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor RWJ-270201 was evaluated against influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1), A/Shangdong/09/93 (H3N2), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), and B/Hong Kong/05/72 virus infections in mice. Treatment was by oral gavage twice daily for 5 days beginning 4 h pre-virus exposure. The influenza virus inhibitor oseltamivir was run in parallel, and ribavirin was included in studies with the A/Shangdong and B/Hong Kong viruses. RWJ-270201 was inhibitory to all infections using doses as low as 1 mg/kg/day. Oseltamivir was generally up to 10-fold less effective than RWJ-270201. Ribavirin was also inhibitory but was less tolerated by the mice at the 75-mg/kg/day dose used. Disease-inhibitory effects included prevention of death, lessening of decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibition of lung consolidation, and reduction in lung virus titers. RWJ-270201 and oseltamivir, at doses of 10 and 1 mg/kg/day each, were compared with regard to their effects on daily lung parameters in influenza A/Shangdong/09/93 virus-infected mice. Maximum virus titer inhibition was seen on day 1, with RWJ-270201 exhibiting the greater inhibitory effect, a titer reduction of >10(4) cell culture 50% infective doses (CCID(50))/g. By day 8, the lung virus titers in mice treated with RWJ-270201 had declined to 10(1.2) CCID(50)/g, whereas titers from oseltamivir-treated animals were >10(3) CCID(50)/g. Mean lung consolidation was also higher in the oseltamivir-treated animals on day 8. Both neuraminidase inhibitors were well tolerated by the mice. RWJ-270201 was nontoxic at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg/day. These data indicate potential for the oral use of RWJ-270201 in the treatment of influenza virus infections in humans.
Facies-based inversion through integrating elastic full-waveform inversion and high-frequency imaging data (2022)

Estimating elastic properties can be a key tool in reducing the risks associated with reservoir presence. In offshore Brazil, the complexities found in the subsurface make this task especially challenging. Traditional pre-stack elastic inversions can be difficult and may yield inaccurate results. In these situations, inverting the seismic data using wave-based approaches such as elastic full-waveform inversion (eFWI) to directly estimate properties can be a better path forward. However, eFWI results are often band-limited due to limitations in the data and high computational costs. To overcome these issues, we integrate low-frequency eFWI models, facies information from wells, and least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) imaged stacks to constrain high-frequency, absolute-band inversions.
A Stochastic Speech Model Supporting W-Disjoint Orthogonality (2003)

Abstract — In previous work, we have success-fully used an ideal joint sparseness assumption: W-Disjoint Orthogonality (WDO). This assumption, that the time-frequency representations of the sources have disjoint support, is satisfied in an approximate sense by many signals of practical interest, includ-ing speech. Here we discuss results derived from a stochastic model of speech signals that justify the WDO hypothesis. If the magnitude of the time-frequency components of the source signals have Laplacian priors, a subset of their maximum a ́ pos-teriori (MAP) estimates are guaranteed to satisfy the WDO assumption. I.
All MoS2-Based Large Area, Skin-Attachable Active-Matrix Tactile Sensor (2019)

Large-area, ultrathin flexible tactile sensors with conformal adherence are becoming crucial for advances in wearable electronics, electronic skins and biorobotics. However, normal passive tactile sensors suffer from high crosstalk, resulting in inaccurate sensing, which consequently limits their use in such advanced applications. Active-matrix-driven tactile sensors could potentially overcome such hurdles, but it demands the high performance and reliable operations of the thin-film-transistor array that could efficiently control integrated pressure gauges. Herein, we utilized the benefit of the semiconducting and mechanical excellence of MoS<sub>2</sub> and placed it between high- k Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dielectric sandwich layers to achieve the high and reliable performance of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based back-plane circuitry and strain sensor. This strategical combination reduces the fabrication complexity and enables the demonstration of an all MoS<sub>2</sub>-based large area (8 × 8 array) active-matrix tactile sensor offering a wide sensing range (1-120 kPa), sensitivity value (Δ R/ R<sub>0</sub>: 0.011 kPa<sup>-1</sup>), and a response time (180 ms) with excellent linearity. In addition, it showed potential in sensing multitouch accurately, tracking a stylus trajectory, and detecting the shape of an external object by grasping it using the palm of the human hand.
Invited paper: Accelerating neuromorphic vision on FPGAs (2011)

Reconfigurable hardware such as FPGAs are being increasingly employed for application acceleration due to their high degree of parallelism, flexibility and power efficiency - factors which are key in the rapidly evolving field of embedded real-time vision. While recent advances in technology have increased the capacity of FPGAs, lack of standard models for developing custom accelerators creates issues with scalability and compatibility. In this paper, we describe a model for designing streaming hardware accelerators with run-time configurability. This model provides a generic interface for each hardware module, a modular and hierarchical structure for parallelism at multiple levels and a run-time reconfiguration framework for increased flexibility. We present case studies to accelerate sample neu-romorphic vision algorithms which are inspired by models of the mammalian visual cortex. Experimental results show speedups of several factors over comparable CPU implementations and higher performance-per-watt over relevant GPU implementations.
UAS sense and avoid and TCAS interoperability (2011)

Collision Avoidance for General Aviation Thomas Billingsley, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT • Model CA as Markov Decision Process (MDP) • Encode performance constraints of GA • Optimize for total overall expected cost: — Near mid-air collision, alert, resolution reversal Decomposition Method for Optimized CA with Multiple Threats James Chryssanthacopoulos, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT • Pairwise vs. global • Extend MDP to pairwise decomposition — Command arbitration: optimal pairwise action — Utility fusion: optimal pairwise utility (e.g. max-sum)
Multi-Parametric Monitoring of Medium-Power Generators with Brushless Exciters under Mechanical Faults (2022)

The interest for reliable condition monitoring of small-to-medium-power generators has increased in recent years due to the multiple benefits of prompt and decisive fault detection, which minimizes catastrophic failures and significantly improves the interconnected load’s power reliability. In this paper, the case of mechanical faults is examined and particularly the eccentricity caused by a cocked bearing. The main electrical machine under investigation is a salient pole wound-field synchronous machine (WFSM) with a brushless exciter (BE), which is a very common topology. The work is based purely on experimental testing, while a plethora of methods have been explored as to their accuracy to detect and identify the fault, both stationary and dynamically. Finally, the paper proposes a new and non-intrusive method based on monitoring the stray leakage flux and analyses its performance while the generator experiences a deaccelerating transient.
33.1: Invited Paper: A Novel Triplet Green Host System and Charge Balance Tuning for High Performance Singlet Blue Devices (2012)

Abstract Our former findings on the charge balance in blue fluorescent devices show a clear connection between the basic performance parameters: Efficiency and lifetime both show an optimum with respect to voltage. Unfortunately, for devices using a conventional hole injection and NPB as hole transport material, the optimum values do not occur at the same voltage. Moreover, the optimum voltage for lifetime is much higher than that for optimum efficiency. After investigating the underlying charge balance issues, we developed new stack layouts and hole transport materials to shift the lifetime optimum to lower voltage values. Using an appropriate hole injection layer and one of our latest hole transport materials, we can now combine excellent lifetime, low voltage and good efficiency in one fluorescent blue device. In addition, we obtain 10% EQE by carefully tuning the hole transport side in fluorescent blue devices. No special hole blocking layer is required to obtain this high efficiency. For green phosphorescent devices, we developed a thermally stable co‐host material which allows for the use of low emitter concentrations in the range of 5% without sacrificing device performance. We combine this material with an electron transporting host that shows a slight initial rise in lifetime when a low emitter concentration is employed. Due to these features, the tuning of the host mixing ratio results in excellent LT95 values in combination with good voltage, efficiency and low efficiency rolloff for high luminance.
Electron Delocalization in Acyclic andN-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes:  A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Charge-Density Study (2002)

Combined experimental and theoretical charge-density studies on free and metal-coordinated N-heterocyclic carbenes have been performed to investigate the extent of electron delocalization in these remarkable species. Tracing the orientation of the major axis of the bond ellipticity (the least negative curvature in the electron density distribution) along the complete bond paths distinguishes unambiguously between fully delocalized systems and those with interrupted cyclic electron delocalization. Evaluation of charge-density-based properties such as atomic quadrupole moments serves as a direct and quantitative measure of the extent of pi-electron delocalization and reveals consistency between theory and experiment. A detailed topological analysis of theoretical charge densities for two benchmark carbene systems, viz., 1,2-dimethylpyrazol-3-ylidene 1a and 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene 2a, and their corresponding stable chromium pentacarbonyl complexes 1 and 2, highlights the advantages of charge-density-based criteria to analyze such complex electronic situations. Thus, 1a and 2a display a different extent of electron delocalization; yet nearly identical p(pi) occupations at the carbene center are computed for 1a and 2a. However, atomic quadrupoles Q(zz) - the charge-density analogues of p(pi) occupation - reveal faithfully the electronic differences in 1a and 2a and demonstrate the sensitivity of charge-density-based properties to the bonding situation. The acyclic aminocarbene (iPr(2)N)(2)CCr(CO)(4) has also been studied, and the high barrier to rotation about the C-N bond is shown not to arise solely from p(pi)-p(pi) bonding.
Three-Dimensional Stress Analysis in Femur Before and After Total Hip Replacement. (1994)

Artificial hip joint replacement is an effective treatment for serious forms of osteoarthritis and for disabling effects, for example, rheumatoid arthritis etc. Although a vast amount of biomechanics research has been devoted to developing a prosthetic device, the precise mechanism of loosening at the bone-stem interface has not been entirely solved. In this work, to confirm the load transfer between bone and stem following total hip replacement with a noncemented artificial joint of the Harris type, three-dimensional finite element analysis of the femur and hip was carried out before and after total hip replacement. A modeling method was also represented for the complicated three-dimensional geometry of the femur and pelvic bone. Young's modulus of each element in the osseous tissue was estimated from the distribution of mineral content obtained from an X-ray photograph. As a result, the effect of the three-dimensional shapes of an artificial hip joint on the fixation between bone and stem was confirmed from the stress distribution in the interface.
Preparación y estudio de electrodos delgados mediante deposición por spray: aplicación en baterias ácidas de plomo (2005)

En esta mamoria se ha aplicado una tecnica de preparacion de laminas de bajo coste como es la de spray pirolisis para preparar electrodos delgados de diferencias materiales susceptibles de ser transformados en dioxido de plomo para su aplicacion en baterias acidas de plomo. Entre otras, las ventajas que presenta la tecnica de spray pirolisis son por ejemplo el facil control del grosor o la superposicion de capas de diferentes materiales y su relativa facilidad para ser aplicada en un linea de fabricacion, ademas , permite trabajar tanto con disoluciones como con emulsiones. Como materiales de partida en la preparacion de electrodos se uso acetato de plomo (II) cuando se trabajo con disoluciones y 4BS, pasta verde y PbO2 para el caso de emulsiones. Para el caso del acetato de plomo (II), 4BS y pasta verde, se encontro una buena retencion de la capacidad en torno a los 120 Ah/Kg,valores similares a los que se encuentran descritos en la bibliografia para electrodos preparados con estos materiales mediante metodos convencionales como por ejemplo empastado. En cambio para el caso del dioxido de plomo se encontro un aumento de la capacidad hasta 160 Ah/Kg. Tras caracterizar este compuesto mediante diferentes tecnicas como SEM,TEM, BET, ATG o DRX, hemos concluido que la mayor capacidad que es capaz de liberar este compuesto es debida a la gran cantidad de agua presente en esta muestra (en torno al 4%) junto con el pequeno tamano de particula que presenta este dioxido de plomo (del orden de 15-20nm).