gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin 1 – 7 stimulation of platelet recovery (2014)

Current evidence provides a good basis for continued research and evaluation of the benefits of A(1 - 7) treatment in stimulating platelet recovery following myelosuppression. A(1 - 7) therapy has the potential to make a significant contribution to healthcare by providing standalone and additive treatments to address unmet medical needs and life-threatening diseases by utilizing the regenerative arm of the renin-angiotensin system.
Dendrimer optimization for a glucose-sensitive fluorescent assay (2006)

A fluorescent assay based on the competitive binding between glycosylated PAMAM dendrimer and glucose with the sugar-binding lectin Concanavalin A has been developed. This assay, composed of the glycodendrimer and Alexa Fluor 647 labeled Concanavalin A, has shown a large dynamic response to physiological concentrations of glucose. The larger dynamic range is believed to be due to the spheriodal shape of the dendrimer molecule, which eliminates the multiple binding of the same dextran chain to the Concanavalin A tetramer that plagued previous approaches. However, in order to further understand the operation of the assay and optimize the dynamic response, the dendrimer construction must be modified to determine the optimum degree of glycosylation. In this paper, a description of the assay function and the change in fluorescence response with various formulations of glycodendrimers are shown. Theories are also presented as means of understanding the various assay responses with different degrees of dendrimer functionalization.
A melanocyte–melanoma precursor niche in sweat glands of volar skin (2014)

Determination of the niche for early-stage cancer remains a challenging issue. Melanoma is an aggressive cancer of the melanocyte lineage. Early melanoma cells are often found in the epidermis around sweat ducts of human volar skin, and the skin pigmentation pattern is an early diagnostic sign of acral melanoma. However, the niche for melanoma precursors has not been determined yet. Here, we report that the secretory portion (SP) of eccrine sweat glands provide an anatomical niche for melanocyte-melanoma precursor cells. Using lineage-tagged H2B-GFP reporter mice, we found that melanoblasts that colonize sweat glands during development are maintained in an immature, slow-cycling state but renew themselves in response to genomic stress and provide their differentiating progeny to the epidermis. FISH analysis of human acral melanoma expanding in the epidermis revealed that unpigmented melanoblasts with significant cyclin D1 gene amplification reside deep in the SP of particular sweat gland(s). These findings indicate that sweat glands maintain melanocyte-melanoma precursors in an immature state in the niche and explain the preferential distribution of early melanoma cells around sweat glands in human volar skin.
New Titanium Monosulfide Mineral Phase in Yamato 691 Enstatite Chondrite (2011)

Yamato 691, an EH3 enstatite chondrite, was among the first meteorites discovered by chance in Antarctica by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) team in 1969. This discovery led to follow-up searches for meteorites in Antarctica [1]. These international searches have been very successful recovering over 40,000 total specimens (and still counting), including martian and lunar meteorites. Titanium is partly chalcophile in enstatite-rich meteorites. Previous occurrences of Ti-bearing sulfides include troilite, daubrelite and ferroan alabandite in enstatite chondrites and aubrites [2], and heideite with 28.5 wt% Ti in the Bustee aubrite [3]. Here we report a new mineral from Yamato 691, ideally stoichiometric TiS, titanium monosulfide, a simple two-element mineral phase, yet with a very unique crystal structure that, to our knowledge, has not been observed previously in nature.
Carhart's notch: A window into mechanisms of bone-conducted hearing (2013)

Otosclerosis is a disease process of the ear that stiffens the stapes annular ligament and results in footplate immobilization. This produces a characteristic loss in bone-conducted (BC) hearing of about 20 dB between 1 and 2 kHz, known as "Carhart's notch", for which the specific mechanisms responsible have not yet been well understood. In this study, it is hypothesized that this observed pattern of hearing loss results from interactions between compressional and inertial mechanisms of BC hearing. Differences in the basilar-membrane velocity between a normal and otosclerotic human ear were calculated in response to compressional vibration of the cochlear capsule, translational vibration of the skull bone in various directions, and combinations of the two, using an anatomically accurate 3-D finite element model of the middle ear, cochlea, and semicircular canals. Compressional and inertial BC stimuli were found to both be necessary to capture the full behavior of clinical data, with the compressional component dominating below 0.75 kHz, the inertial component dominating above 3 kHz, and the notch between 1 and 2 kHz resulting from the suppression of an ossicular resonance due to stapes fixation. [Work supported by grant R01-DC07910 and R01-DC05960 from the NIDCD of NIH.]
High performance microstructured Lu2O3:Eu thin film scintillator for X-ray computed tomography (2013)

Large penetration depth and weak interaction of high energy X-rays in living organisms provide a non-destructive way to study entire volumes of organs without the need for sophisticated preparation (injection of contrast material, radiotracer labels etc.). X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a powerful diagnostic tool allowing 3D image reconstruction of the complete structure. Using hard X-rays in medical imaging leads to reduced dose received by the patient. At higher energies, however, the conventional scintillators quickly become the limiting factor. They must be thin in order to provide reasonable spatial resolution and preserve image quality. Nevertheless, insufficient thickness introduces the need for long acquisition times due to low stopping power. To address these issues, we synthesized a new structured scintillator to be integrated into CCD- or photodiode-based CT systems. Europiumdoped Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Eu) has the highest density among all known scintillators, very high absorption coefficient for X-rays and a bright red emission matching well to the quantum efficiency of the underlying CCD- and photodiode arrays. When coupled to a suitable detector, this microcolumnar scintillator significantly improves the overall detective quantum efficiency of the detector. For the first time ever, structured and scintillating film of Lu2O3:Eu was grown by electron-beam physical vapor deposition. A prototype sensor was produced and evaluated using both laboratory X-ray sources as well as synchrotron radiation. Comparative performance evaluations of the newly developed sensor versus commercial grade scintillators were conducted. Such synthesis of high density, microstructured, scintillating coatings enables the development of high sensitivity X-ray detectors for CT applications.
(Keynote) Status and Challenges in Spin-Transfer Torque MRAM Technology (2015)

Perpendicular MTJ based Spin-Transfer Torque Magneto-resistive Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) has been considered as a promising candidate for next generation non-volatile memory due to a combination of fast speed, high endurance, excellent scalability, and ease of integration with the standard CMOS processes. Despite significant progress, there are many remaining hurdles in its productization. They are stemming from a set of requirements imposed on the MTJ performance: simultaneously high magneto-resistance at low RA (Resistance x Area) product, low writing current/voltage and high thermal stability, low write and read error rates and high endurance cycles. We will discuss the inter-dependencies of these parameters, report our progress in meeting these requirements, and our development approaches for future challenges.
Extending cryptographic logics of belief to key agreement protocols (1993)

The authentication logic of Burrows, Abadi and Needham (BAN) provided an important step towards rigourous analysis of authentication protocols, and has motivated several subsequent refinements.We propose extensions to BAN-like logics which facilitate, for the first time, examination of public-key based authenticated key establishment protocols in which both parties contribute to the derived key (i.e.key agreement protocols).Attention is focussed on six distinct generic goals for authenticated key establishment protocols.The extended logic is used to analyze three Diffie-Hellman based key agreement protocols, facilitating direct comparison of these protocols with respect to formal goals reached and formal assumptions required.
Resolution-enhanced imaging using interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography with sparse point response (2020)

Abstract Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is a non-scanning, motionless, incoherent digital holography technique. In this study we use a special type of I-COACH in which its point spread hologram (PSH) is ensemble of sparse dots. With this PSH an imaging resolution beyond the classic diffraction limit is demonstrated. This resolution improvement is achieved due to the position of the coded aperture between the object and the lens-based imaging system. The coded aperture scatters part of the light, that otherwise is blocked by the system aperture, into the optical system, and by doing that, extends the effective numerical aperture of the system. The use of sparse PSH increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the entire imaging system. A lateral resolution enhancement by a factor of about 1.6 was noted in the case of I-COACH compared to direct imaging.
Nonfiber‐Related Effects (2013)

This chapter discusses linear cross talk and (accumulated) noise which distort wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. Interferometric cross talk behaves differently compared to interchannel cross talk between two WDM signals spaced such that their beat frequency falls within the electrical receiver bandwidth. Fiber and other components' loss leads to decreasing signal power levels. On long transmission links, this loss has to be compensated by optical amplifiers that can almost transparently amplify a multitude of WDM signals. The chapter provides Q-factor analysis of different optical receivers [PIN, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), and added optical preamplifier (OPA)]. This is followed by a brief analysis of the noise figures of (chains of) optical amplifiers [Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and EDFA with added Raman amplifier]. In order to derive the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that a photodiode generates, the primary noise sources must be considered. These are quantum (shot) noise and dark current noise.
The guanosine binding mechanism of the Tetrahymena group I intron (1999)

The Tetrahymena group I intron catalyzes self-splicing through two consecutive transesterification reactions, using a single guanosine-binding site (GBS). In this study, we constructed a model RNA that contains the GBS and a conserved guanosine nucleotide at the 3'-terminus of the intron (omegaG). We determined by NMR the solution structure of this model RNA, and revealed the guanosine binding mechanism of the group I intron. The G22 residue, corresponding to omegaG, participates in a base triple, G22 xx G3 x C12, hydrogen-bonding to the major groove edge of the Watson-Crick G3 x C12 pair. The G22 residue also interacts with A2, which is semi-conserved in all sequenced group I introns.
A UML Profile for the Development of IEC 61508 Compliant Embedded Software (2012)

International audience
Cure State Distributions in Rubbers by Dynamic Nano-Indentation (2004)

Abstract A depth-sensing and frequency-specific dynamic indentation technique was used to determine the spatial distributions of dynamic moduli, including storage (E′) and loss moduli (E″), in poly-cis-1,4-butadiene (BR) and brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) (BIMS) rubbers with varying degrees of cure and with or without carbon black fillers as a function of penetration depth. The BR rubbers were cured with sulfur and a sulfur accelerator and the BIMS rubbers were cured using zinc oxide and stearic acid. The dynamic modulus reached a constant bulk value after the Berkovich indentor penetrated into rubbers far beyond the surface. Spatially averaged bulk dynamic moduli thus determined using the nano-indentation technique were compared with the tensile extensional moduli and the frequency-dependent dynamic tensile moduli both measured from the bulk rubbers. Spatial distributions of cure and its dependence on penetration depth were evaluated as functions of cure level, filler loading, and sample surface preparation. The ultimate goal is to provide quantitative cure distribution maps in rubber blends and compounds through a combination of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and dynamic nano-indentation characterization.
Visualization of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) secretion from osteoblastic cells by bioluminescence imaging (2022)

The secretions of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) from living osteoblastic cells were visualized for the first time using a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging. The fusion proteins with Gaussia luciferase (GLase) for mouse osteocalcin and BMP2 (OC-GLase and BMP2-GLase, respectively) expressed in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were correctly processed and secreted. In the video images of exocytotic secretion, the luminescence spots of OC-GLase and BMP2-GLase disappeared rapidly and gradually, respectively, indicating different manners of these proteins in diffusion. Notably, a deletion mutant of BMP2 (Δ3BMP2-GLase) lacking three basic amino acid residues in the N-terminal region for binding to heparan sulfate showed rapidly disappearing luminescence spots. In our imaging conditions, the half-life of luminescence for the spots of Δ3BMP2-GLase (1.61 ± 0.20 s) was similar to that of OC-GLase (1.22 ± 0.14 s) but not to that of BMP2-GLase (4.31 ± 0.41 s). These results suggest that, in contrast to osteocalcin, the diffusion of BMP2 from cells occurred slowly after exocytosis. Thus, our bioluminescence imaging method is useful to study the diffusion properties of secreted proteins in exocytosis.
Reviews (1984)

Roget E. Kanet (ed.), Soviet Foreign Policy in the 1980s, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982, xii + 364 pp. hardback $31.95, paperback $13.95. Adeed and Karen Dawisha (eds.), The Soviet Union in the Middle East: Policies and Perspectives, London: Heinemann for Royal Institute of Interna‐national Affairs, 1982, x+ 172 pp. hardback £13.50, paperback £5.50. David Holloway, The Soviet Union and The Arms Race, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983, x + 211 pp. £7.95, $14.95. P. H. Vigor, Soviet Blitzkrieg Theory, London: Macmillan, 1983, ix + 218 pp. £25.00. Angela Stent, From Embargo to Ostpolitik: The Political Economy of West German‐Soviet Relations 1955–1980, Cambridge: CUP, 1982, xvi + 328 pp. £22.50. Stephen T. Hosmer and Thomas W. Wolfe, Soviet Policy and Practice toward Third World Conflicts, Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books/Gower Publishing, 1983, xviii + 318 pp. £19.50. David A. Dyker, The Process of Investment in the Soviet Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, vii + 254 pp. £20.00. D. Gale Johnson and Karen McConnell Brooks, Prospects for Soviet Agriculture in the 1980s, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983, x + 214 pp. UK hardback £12.25, paperback £6.27. Elsewhere hardback $21.88, paperback $11.19. Marshall I. Goldman, USSR in Crisis: The Failure of an Economic System, London/New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, xii + 210pp. $15.00. Ronald E. Hoyt, Winners and Losers in East‐West Trade: A Behavioral Analysis of US‐Soviet Detente (1970–1980), New York: Praeger, 1983, xiii + 238 pp. $29.95. Paul Dotsenko, The Struggle for a Democracy in Siberia, 1917–1920. Eyewitness Account of a Contemporary, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1983, xvii+ 178 pp. $16.95. Abram Bergson and Herbert Levine (eds.), The Soviet Economy: toward the Year 2000, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1983, xvi + 452pp. £27.50.
A dynamic Norwood mortality estimation: Characterizing individual, updated, predicted mortality trajectories after the Norwood operation (2023)

Risk of death post-Norwood is dynamic and most frequently associated with time-related postoperative events and measures, rather than baseline characteristics. Dynamic predicted mortality trajectories for individuals and their visualization represent a paradigm shift from population-derived insights to precision medicine at the patient level.
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY BEARING WALLS AND WALL GIRDERS USING SMALL-SIZE CONCRETE UNITS (2010)

The authors have been developing reinforced concrete masonry buildings with the wall thickness of 150mm, for the purpose of the increase of inner space of buildings, the decrease of building weight, and the usage of the standard building module of 300mm. In this paper, test results of laterally loaded bearing walls and wall girders with the standard reinforcement, using newly developed small-size concrete units with the thickness of 150mm, special pre-mixed cement mortal for the joints, and grout concrete of the strength of 60 N/mm2 class, are shown in detail.
Optimal raingauge density for rainfall runoff modeling (2014)

The hydrological significance of rainfall time-space distribution on flood hydrograph is well known and assessed&#13;\nin literature. The density of the raingauge network and the way of areal and temporal distribution of rainfall can&#13;\naffect the results of calibration and validation of distributed rainfall-runoff modeling.&#13;\nThe aim of this work is to assess the influence of changing the composition of raingauge network, successively&#13;\nreducing the number of gauging stations, while maximizing the performance of the hydrological model.&#13;\nThe case study is the Mignone river basin (500 km2), located in Central Italy, equipped with 5 raingauges.&#13;\nThe approach is based on the generation of N synthetic rainfall fields on an hourly basis . The simulated output,&#13;\nwhile reproducing the spatial variability of the recorded events, allows to change the temporal variability in the&#13;\nachievement of the total rainfall volumes.&#13;\nThe N flood hydrographs and water volumes at the closing section are evaluated through a WFIUH (Width&#13;\nFunction Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph) rainfall runoff model, considering various raingauges configuration, and&#13;\nthe performance of each configuration is evaluated by the errors on peak discharge, peak time and Nash-Sutcliff&#13;\nefficiency coefficient.&#13;\nThen, each considered raingauge configuration is also evaluated on the basis of the quantity of available information&#13;\nevaluated through the concept of entropy. The results, evaluated by Nash-Sutcliff efficiency coefficient, are&#13;\nused to highlight the effects of raingauge network density on runoff volume and peaks.
Torsional stress analysis ofsquirrel cage windings of asynchronous motors (2006)

In the last decades the use of asynchronous machine in industrial and traction applications has been widespread also aided by the development of electrical drives and control techniques. It has been noted that distorted feeding voltages causes, in some cases, the breaking of squirrel cages. In order to investigate these phenomena, in the paper, authors have studied the mathematical model of the mechanical behaviour of the rotor cage of an asynchronous motor. A calculus procedure for obtaining an analytical solution of this mathematical model is suggested. The analytical solution expresses the natural torsional frequencies of the rotor cage as a function of the bar overhang and stiffness. The theoretical procedure presented can be used as a design guideline in order to prevent the breaking of the end-bar junctions when the motor is supplied by PWM inverters. The theoretical procedure is completed by a numerical analysis
SYNTHESIS OF NEW AZIDOALANES WITH HETEROCYCLIC MOLECULAR STRUCTURES (2001)

The synthesis of the tetrameric azidoalanes [(CFtyClAl^fo (1) and [(CH3)BrAlN3]4 (2) with heterocyclic cyclooctane-like structures has been demonstrated. X-ray structural determinations reveal that 1 and 2 consist of AI4N4 eight-membered rings in which the Al atoms are bridged by the nitrogens of the azide groups. [(CH3)C1AIN^]4 (1) crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P2jC with a = 11.077(4) , c = 8.662(4) , V = 1062.9(8) and = 8. [(Ch^BrAlN^k (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2.with a = 8.6702( = 90, V = 1123.23(3)3 and = 8. The reaction of AlH3N(CH3)3with HN3 resulted in formation of an azidoalane with composition close to A1H2N3N(CH3)3 (3). This compound is unstable with respect to loss of H2 and N(CH3)3 at room temperature.
The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor-α increases membrane conductance in microvascular endothelial cells and peritoneal macrophages (1999)

Herein, we show that TNF exerts a pH-dependent increase in membrane conductance in primary lung microvascular endothelial cells and peritoneal macrophages. This effect was TNF receptor-independent, since it also occurred in cells isolated from mice deficient in both types of TNF receptors. A TNF mutant in which the three amino acids critical for the lectin-like activity were replaced by an alanine did not show any significant effect on membrane conductance. Moreover, a synthetic 17-amino acid peptide of TNF, which was previously shown to exert lectin-like activity, also increased the ion permeability in these cells. The amiloride sensitivity of the observed activity suggests a binding of TNF to an endogenous ion channel rather than channel formation by TNF itself. This may have important implications in mechanisms of TNF-mediated vascular pathology.
Development of a Strain-Rate Dependent Model for Uniaxial Loading of SMA Wires (2003)

This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate the effects of nonquasistatic loading on the extensional behavior of an SMA wire. Experimental results under a variety of loading conditions indicate that the instantaneous temperature of the material is closely related to the applied strainrate in the material. In order to predict this behavior, a coupled thermo-mechanical analysis with the rate form of SMA constitutive models is formulated. The temperatures and temperature rates are not prescribed, but are derived from energy conservation of the material. The stress rate is simultaneously derived using the rate form of SMA constitutive models. Important parameters governing heat transfer such as specific heat, heat transfer and latent heat are modeled and validated with experimental data. For the material tested (0.38 mm diameter SMA wire), the quasistatic strain rate below which no significant deviation in material characteristics are observed was empirically determined to be about 0.0005/s. At a strain rate of 0.01/s, the transformation stresses in the material are increased by approximately 0.5 × 10 8 Pa, accompanied by an increase in temperature of about 2°C over the quasistatic values. The predictions for the stress-strain curves are compared with experimental data at different strain rates over a range of environmental temperatures, and are found to be in good qualitative agreement. The model is also shown to be in good qualitative agreement with the experimental behavior under more complex loading conditions involving two different strain rates of loading. Parametric variation of the model coefficients is discussed. Although the qualitative aspects of the model are in good agreement with experimental data, it is argued that more comprehensive estimation of the model parameters is required to assess the quantitative aspects of the model. The model described in the paper uses the rate forms of the Brinson model. However, it is equally applicable with a modified rate-dependant form of any other quasistatic model describing SMA behavior.