gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of Annealing Step on Dielectric Constant of ZrO2 Layer of MIM Capacitors with Al2O3/ZrO2 and ZrO2/Al2O3 Stack Structures (2021)

We investigated characteristics of ZrO2/Al2O3 (ZA) and Al2O3/ZrO2 (AZ) insulators after two annealing step such as post-deposition annealing (PDA) at 600°C before TiN top electrode (TE-TiN) deposition and post-metallization annealing (PMA) at 600°C after TE-TiN deposition. The ZrO2 layers (2.9-5.7 nm) and Al2O3 layer (2.0 nm) were deposited by atomic layer deposition at 300°C. ZrO2 layer had a polycrystalline structure while Al2O3 layer had an amorphous structure. The capacitance of the AZ capacitors after PDA or PMA reasonably decreased as ZrO2 thickness increased. On the other hand, the ZA capacitors after PDA (ZA wPDA) exhibited almost similar capacitance while the ZA capacitors after PMA decreased as well as the AZ capacitor. The dielectric constant (k) of the ZA wPDA drastically increased to 44 compared to other capacitors (30-37) in the ZrO2 thickness region of over 4.9 nm. This is because the ZrO2 layer was annealed with an asymmetric structure sandwiched between Al2O3 and TiN with different coefficients of thermal expansion during PDA. Furthermore, the ZA wPDA with the ZrO2 layers (4.9-5.7 nm) exhibited superior characteristics satisfying a high k-value and a high electric filed value at J = 1 × 10-5 Acm-2. These indicated that PDA treatment should perform after 1st-ZrO2/Al2O3 layer deposition to obtain ZrO2 layer with high k-value.
Explanatory Reasoning as a Service: Towards Explanation of Abnormal Accommodation Price (2016)

Detecting abnormalities in data is a well established research problem in the database and machine learning community. Various techniques have been matured over the last two decades to achieve excellent results. However most methods address the problem from a statistic and pure data-centric angle, which in turn limit any interpretation. We present a service, running live with real data, for explaining abnormalities. Our first release interprets and explains abnormally high accommodation price as anomalies in +500 cities. Exposed as a REST service manipulating semantic web technologies, the API consumes and exposes semantic representation ready to be embedded in any Linked Open Data application.<br><br><br>
Leveraging photonic integration to enhance performance in datacom optical links (2018)

As datacom link speeds approach 100 Gb/s per lane, higher complexity modulation formats such as PAM-4, PAM-8, and discrete multi-tone (DMT) have become favored by some despite their frequent need for forward-error correction (FEC) adding unnecessary latency. In this talk, we will describe a new optical-domain equalization scheme that leverages photonic integration to extend bandwidth without adding latency. We will describe our work using an IC-driven segmented electrode Mach Zehnder modulator that exploits this unique feed-forward equalization to generate 60-Gb/s on-off keyed (OOK) non-return-to-zero (NRZ) transmission with BER &lt; 10<sup>-12</sup>. The approach can deliver high link bandwidths with ultra-low latencies.
The defect-centric perspective of device and circuit reliability &#x2014; From individual defects to circuits (2015)

As-fabricated (time-zero) variability and mean device aging are nowadays routinely considered in circuit simulations and design. Time-dependent variability (reliability variability) is an emerging trend that needs to be considered in circuit design as well. This phenomenon in deeply scaled devices can be best understood within the so-called defect-centric picture in terms of an ensemble of individual defects and their time, voltage, and temperature dependent properties. The properties of gate oxide defects are discussed and it is shown how these properties can be used to construct time-dependent variability distributions and can be propagated up to transistor-level circuits.
Urethral replacement using cell seeded tubularized collagen matrices. (2002)

These results show that collagen matrices seeded with cells form normal urethral tissue can be used for tubularized replacement, whereas tubularized collagen matrices alone without cells lead to poor tissue formation and strictures. The collagen matrices seeded with cells may offer a useful alternative in the future for patients requiring a tubularized urethral segment replacement.
Physical and Chemical Interaction of Homoconjugated Dienes with Tetracyanoethylene (1976)

Abstract EDA‐complexes of bicyclo[2,2,n]alkadienes (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) ( 1 (n)‐series), 1,4‐cyclohexadiene ( 2 ) and various other cyclic monoenes, dienes and trienes as donors and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) as acceptor were investigated. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic constants of the complexes were determined and correlated with the ionisation potentials (I D ) of the hydrocarbon donors obtained from PE. spectroscopy. The nature of the dominant energy contributions to the ground state and the two lowest CT‐states of these weak complexes is discussed and structural conclusions are drawn. The role of the complexes in the addition reaction of the hydrocarbon components and TCNE is discussed. The homo Diels‐Alder addition product of 1 (2) and TCNE, 9,9,10,10‐tetracyanoquadricyclo[2,2,2,0 2,6 ,2 3,5 ]decane, and the ‘ene’‐addition product of 2 and TCNE, 5‐[1′,1′,2′,2′‐tetracyanoethyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexadiene were prepared and characterized. Preliminary results for the mechanistic scheme governing the dehydrogenation of 2 by TCNE are reported.
Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (2021)

The treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) have improved over the past 25 years, but now the main question for physicians is deciding who should receive treatment, for how long, and when to switch to other options. These decisions are typically based on treatment tolerance and a reasonable expectation of long-term efficacy. A significant unmet need is the lack of accurate laboratory measurements for diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment response, including deterioration and disease progression. There are few validated biomarkers for MS, and in practice, physicians employ two biomarkers discovered fifty years ago for MS diagnosis, often in combination with MRI scans. These biomarkers are intrathecal IgG and oligoclonal bands in the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a relatively new biomarker for MS diagnosis and follow up. Neurofilaments are neuron-specific cytoskeleton proteins that can be measured in various body compartments. NfL is a new biomarker for MS that can be measured in serum samples, but this still needs further study to specify the laboratory cut-off values in clinical practice. In the present review we discuss the evidence for NfL as a reliable biomarker for the early detection and management of MS. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between MRI and NfL, and ask whether they can be combined.
Vertical and lateral hole aluminum filling characteristics employing electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering with high magnetic field (1993)

Filling of submicrometer vertical and lateral holes was investigated by employing ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) aluminum sputtering with two times higher magnetic field than the usual condition of 875 G. Deep submicron contact holes with no adhesive metal layer were satisfactorily filled at 350 °C, which was a much lower temperature than conventional methods. Buried lateral trenches with 1-μm depth were also completely filled at 300 °C. The filling mechanism is considered to be a cooperative effect of an enhanced diffusion by an ion bombardment effect, and the formation of dense aluminum islands at the inner wall which act as an adhesive layer.
Supplementary Table S1 from Targeting Bladder Tumor Cells <i>In vivo</i> and in the Urine with a Peptide Identified by Phage Display (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Targeting Bladder Tumor Cells &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; and in the Urine with a Peptide Identified by Phage Display
Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA (2010)

Efforts by a number of influenza research groups have been pivotal in the development and improvement of influenza A virus reverse genetics. Originally established in 1999 1,2 plasmid-based reverse genetic techniques to generate recombinant viruses have revolutionized the influenza research field because specific questions have been answered by genetically engineered, infectious, recombinant influenza viruses. Such studies include virus replication, function of viral proteins, the contribution of specific mutations in viral proteins in viral replication and/or pathogenesis and, also, viral vectors using recombinant influenza viruses expressing foreign proteins 3.
<title>Optimal restoration using the morphological hit-or-miss transform</title> (1992)

The hit-or-miss operator is used as the building block ofoptimal morphological restoration filters. Using the conditional expectation in a binary setting, filter design methodologies are given for general, maximum, and minimum noise environments, the latter two producing optimal thinning and thickening filters, respectively. Unions ofhit-or-miss transforms are expressed as canonical logical sums ofproducts. The final hit-or-miss templates are obtained by logic reduction.
Enhanced Link Adaptation for Extended Reality Code Block Group based HARQ Transmissions (2022)

Extended Reality (XR) is one of the most important media applications in $5^{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}}$ Generation (5G) and 5G-Advanced. XR traffic is characterized by high data rates with bounded latency constraints, which is challenging for bandwidth-constrained wireless systems. In this paper, we propose two new low-complexity enhanced Outer Loop Link Adaptation (eOLLA) algorithms that significantly improve the downlink system capacity in terms of satisfied XR users. The algorithms exploit the Code Block Group (CBG)-based Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) multi-bit feedback for minimizing the radio resource utilization in retransmissions by controlling the first and second block error operation points. Evaluation by means of both analytical assessment and realistic system-level simulations verifies that the proposed eOLLA algorithms increase system capacity by up to 67% compared to known OLLA algorithms with traditional transport block based HARQ.
Probing the Plant Actin Cytoskeleton during Cytokinesis and Interphase by Profilin Microinjection. (1997)

We have examined the cytological effects of microinjecting recombinant birch profilin in dividing and interphase stamen hair cells of Tradescantia virginiana. Microinjection of profilin at anaphase and telophase led to a marked effect on cytokinesis; cell plate formation was often delayed, blocked, or completely inhibited. In addition, the initial appearance of the cell plate was wrinkled, thin, and sometimes fragmented. Injection of profilin at interphase caused a thinning or the collapse of cytoplasmic strands and a retardation or inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming in a dose-dependent manner. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of rhodamine-phalloidin staining in vivo revealed that high levels of microinjected profilin induced a degradation of the actin cytoskeleton in the phragmoplast, the perinuclear zone, and the cytoplasmic strands. However, some cortical actin filaments remained intact. The data demonstrate that profilin has the ability to act as a regulator of actin-dependent events and that centrally located actin filaments are more sensitive to microinjected profilin than are cortical actin filaments. These results add new evidence supporting the hypothesis that actin filaments play a crucial role in the formation of the cell plate and provide mechanical support for the cytoplasmic strands in interphase cells.
Femtosecond laser induced step-like structures inside transparent hydrogel due to laser induced threshold reduction (2019)

In the area of laser material processing, versatile applications for cutting glasses and transparent polymers exist. However, parasitic effects such as the creation of step-like structures appear when laser cutting inside a transparent material. To date, these structures were only described empirically. This work establishes the physical and chemical mechanisms behind the observed effects and describes the influence of process and material parameters onto the creation of step-like structures in hydrogel, Dihydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA). By focusing laser pulses in HEMA, reduced pulse separation distance below 50 nm and rise in pulse energy enhances the creation of unintended step-like structures. Spatial resolved Raman-spectroscopy was used to measure the laser induced chemical modification, which results into a reduced breakdown threshold. The reduction in threshold influences the position of optical breakdown for the succeeding laser pulses and consequently leads to the step-like structures. Additionally, the experimental findings were supplemented with numerical simulations of the influence of reduced damage threshold onto the position of optical breakdown. In summary, chemical material change was defined as cause of the step-like structures. Furthermore, the parameters to avoid these structures were identified.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT CHEMICAL AND ENZYMIC SYNTHESIS OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD+) (1984)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (Va) läßt sich durch enzymatische Kupplung des aus dem Pyridin (I) und dem Ribosephosphat (II) entstandenen Nucleotids (III) mit ATP‐Dinatriumsalz (IV) herstellen und weiter mit ATP zu NADP (Vb) phosphorylieren.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Transformation of Malic Acid: A Practical Method for the Construction of Enantiomerically Pure Indolizidines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monitoring development of suction in an LVAD (2003)

Excessive speed in rotary ventricular assist pumps can create negative pressure, or suction, in the left ventricle (LV). This study evaluated several parameters derived from pump current as indicators of suction and tested them using hemodynamic data from calves. A normalized 2/sup nd/ harmonic parameter and variance of the current waveform showed the most consistent changes, approaching minimum as suction developed.
The Brain Drain from Zimbabwe to Canada: The Issue of Compensation Payments (1979)

This paper discusses the complex issue of compensation payments in the brain drain as it relates to the Rhodesia/ Zimbabwe-Canada axis. It examines the available immigration figures and focuses on the circumstances and method of payment. In the contexts of the need for compensation and the numerous issues and complications in implementing such a scheme, the paper also discusses the brain drain income tax and the proposed international fund to be set up by Western governments to help facilitate the transition to majority rule in Zimbabwe. Discussion of the issue is timely because many professionals have already emigrated to Canada from Rhodesia owing to the prolonged and increasingly bloody liberation struggle, and many more may leave because of apprehension about the forthcoming Zimbabwean independence. Although most of the immigrants are likely to be whites, they could also include Asians, coloreds (persons of mixed color), and possibly Africans as well.
Quantifying the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Ground-Level Ozone in the Rural Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada Using Nitrite-Impregnated Passive Samplers (2009)

The spatiotemporal variability of ground-level ozone (GLO) in the rural Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia was investigated between August 29, 2006, and September 28, 2007, using Ogawa nitrite-impregnated passive diffusion samplers (PS). A total of 353 PS measurements were made at 17 ambient and 1 indoor locations over 18 sampling periods ranging from 2 to 4 weeks. The calculated PS detection limit was 0.8 +/- 0.02 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), for a 14-day sampling period. Duplicate samplers were routinely deployed at three sites and these showed excellent agreement (R2 values of 0.88 [n = 11], 0.95 [n = 17], and 0.96 [n = 17]), giving an overall PS imprecision value of 5.4%. Comparisons between PS and automated continuous ozone analyzers at three sites also demonstrated excellent agreement with R2 values of 0.82, 0.95, and 0.95, and gradients not significantly different from unity. The minimum, maximum, and mean (+/- 1 sigma) ambient annual GLO concentrations observed were 7.7, 72.1, and 34.3 +/- 10.1 ppbv, respectively. The three highest sampling sites had significantly greater (P = 0.032) GLO concentrations than three Valley floor sites, and there was a strong correlation between concentration and elevation (R2 = 0.82). Multivariate models were used to parameterize the observed GLO concentrations in terms of prevailing meteorology at an elevated site found at Kejimkujik National Park and also at a site on the Valley floor. Validation of the multivariate models using 30 months of historical meteorological data at these sites yielded R2 values of 0.70 (elevated site) and 0.61 (Valley floor). The mean indoor ozone concentration was 5.4 +/- 3.3 ppbv and related to ambient GLO concentration by the equation: indoor = 0.34 x ambient - 5.07. This study has demonstrated the suitability of PS for long-term studies of GLO over a wide geographic area and the effect of topographical and meteorological influences on GLO in this region.
Relations between global and local topology in multiple nanotube junctions (1998)

General topological rules determine the carbon ring structures in arbitrary sp2-bonded structures, particularly nanotube junctions.Received 23 June 1998DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12671©1998 American Physical Society
N-Glycosylation of Carnosinase Influences Protein Secretion and Enzyme Activity (2010)

We conclude that apart from the (CTG)(n) polymorphism in the signal peptide of CN-1, N-glycosylation is essential for appropriate secretion and enzyme activity. Since hyperglycemia enhances CN-1 secretion and enzyme activity, our data suggest that poor blood glucose control in diabetic patients might result in an increased CN-1 secretion even in the presence of the (CTG)(5) allele.
Inhibitory Effects of d -Amino Acids on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Development (2011)

Biofilms are communities of cells held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix typically consisting of protein, exopolysaccharide, and often DNA. A natural signal for biofilm disassembly in Bacillus subtilis is certain D-amino acids, which are incorporated into the peptidoglycan and trigger the release of the protein component of the matrix. D-amino acids also prevent biofilm formation by the related Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Here we employed fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigate how D-amino acids prevent biofilm formation by S. aureus. We report that biofilm formation takes place in two stages, initial attachment to surfaces, resulting in small foci, and the subsequent growth of the foci into large aggregates. D-amino acids did not prevent the initial surface attachment of cells but blocked the subsequent growth of the foci into larger assemblies of cells. Using protein- and polysaccharide-specific stains, we have shown that D-amino acids inhibited the accumulation of the protein component of the matrix but had little effect on exopolysaccharide production and localization within the biofilm. We conclude that D-amino acids act in an analogous manner to prevent biofilm development in B. subtilis and S. aureus. Finally, to investigate the potential utility of D-amino acids in preventing device-related infections, we have shown that surfaces impregnated with D-amino acids were effective in preventing biofilm growth.
The contribution of the immune response to enhanced colibacillosis upon preceding viral respiratory infection in broiler chicken in a dual infection model (2021)

Colibacillosis in chickens caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is known to be aggravated by preceding infections with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV). The mechanism behind these virus-induced predispositions for secondary bacterial infections is poorly understood. Here we set out to investigate the immunopathogenesis of enhanced respiratory colibacillosis after preceding infections with these three viruses. Broilers were inoculated intratracheally with APEC six days after oculonasal and intratracheal inoculation with IBV, NDV, aMPV or buffered saline. After euthanasia at 1 and 8 days post infection (dpi) with APEC, birds were macroscopically examined and tissue samples were taken from the trachea, lungs and air sacs. In none of the groups differences in body weight were observed during the course of infection. Macroscopic lesion scoring revealed most severe tissue changes after NDV-APEC and IBV-APEC infection. Histologically, persistent tracheitis was detected in all virus-APEC groups, but not after APEC-only infection. In the lungs, mostly APEC-associated transient pneumonia was observed. Severe and persistent airsacculitis was present after NDV-APEC and IBV-APEC infection. Bacterial antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry only at 1 dpi APEC, predominantly in NDV-APEC- and IBV-APEC-infected lungs. Higher numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes persisted over time in NDV-APEC- and IBV-APEC-infected tracheas, as did CD4+ lymphocytes in NBV-APEC- and IBV-APEC-infected air sacs. KUL01+ cells, which include monocytes and macrophages, and TCRγδ+ lymphocytes were observed mostly in lung tissue in all infected groups with transient higher numbers of KUL01+ cells over time and higher numbers of TCRγδ+ lymphocytes mainly at 8 dpi. qPCR analysis revealed mostly trends of transient higher levels of IL-6 and IFNγ mRNA in lung tissue after IBV-APEC and also NDV-APEC infection and persistent higher levels of IL-6 mRNA after aMPV-APEC infection. In spleens, transient higher levels of IL-17 mRNA and more persistent higher levels of IL-6 mRNA were observed after all co-infections. No changes in IL-10 mRNA expression were seen. These results demonstrate a major impact of dual infections with respiratory viruses and APEC, compared to a single infection with APEC, on the chicken respiratory tract and suggest that immunopathogenesis contributes to lesion persistence.
The influence of haemodialysis on haemodynamic measurements using transpulmonary thermodilution in patients with septic shock (2012)

Although significant correlations were found for cardiac index, global end-diastolic volume index and extravascular lung water index with and without haemodialysis, cardiac index and global end-diastolic volume index were significantly reduced during haemodialysis, but not extravascular lung water index, when measured by the PiCCO system in patients with septic shock. Although differences were small, the variability of within-patient differences may be clinically important and care should be taken in relying solely on such measurements.