gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of capillary forces as a gripping principle (2005)

Purpose This work aimed at studying the use of capillary forces as a gripping principle in the handling of sub‐millimetric sized components. The goal was to present the results as design rules of so‐called capillary grippers. Design/methodology/approach Each parameter (surrounding environment, materials, volume of liquid, separation distance, gripper geometry and gripper size, relative orientation of the gripper with respect to the component) has been quantified, either numerically or experimentally. In some validation cases, both means have been used. Findings The capillary forces can be modified between a maximum F max and a minimum F min so that a component with any mass m between F min / g and F max / g can be picked up and released. Research limitations/implications By comparison with some existing capillary grippers prototypes, this work is only a theoretical and experimental study. Nevertheless, its originality lies in the exhaustive study and quantification of all parameters so that most of the capillary grippers of the literature can be explained or improved with these results. Practical implications The main implication of the capillary gripping is that it provides an alternative to existing gripping principles (vacuum grippers, tweezers). This principle is strong enough (a few mN) and well adapted to pick up components with only one free accessible surface. The scaling laws are the most favorable ( F ∼ L ). It provides a “soft” picking, avoiding high contact forces. Originality/value The originality lies in the exhaustive quantification of the role of each parameter. These results can be used by researchers and designers.
Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers and Contactors are not The Same - Neither are Their Protection Methods (2022)

Many standards and specifications related to medium voltage (MV) motor and feeder circuits continue to center around the improper generic use of the IEEE Device 52 as a circuit identifier for the switching device used within various points of power systems. IEEE Device 52 is defined as a device that is used to close and interrupt an ac power circuit under normal conditions or to interrupt this circuit under fault or emergency conditions. While many of the present standards include detailed protection and coordination recommendations that are centered only on the protective and control settings for circuit breakers, the protection schemes for circuit breakers and fused contactor-controlled motors are documented in IEEE Std 3004.8. This paper clarifies some key differences between MV contactors and MV circuit breaker ratings. It also compares the appropriate protection variations and requirements between the two devices, highlighting the dangers to personnel and equipment if misapplied. Recommended protective device functions for motor protection for fused contactor controlled or breaker-controlled motors are presented with companion drawings.
32 and 45 nm Radiation-Hardened-by-Design (RHBD) SOI Latches (2011)

Single event upset (SEU) experimental heavy ion data and modeling results for CMOS, silicon-on-insulator (SOI), 32 nm and 45 nm stacked and DICE latches are presented. Novel data analysis is shown to be important for hardness assurance where Monte Carlo modeling with a realistic heavy ion track structure, along with a new visualization aid (the Angular Dependent Cross-section Distribution, ADCD), allows one to quickly assess the improvements, or limitations, of a particular latch design. It was found to be an effective technique for making SEU predictions for alternative 32 nm SOI latch layouts.
Development of a High Precision Angle Sensor (2005)

Small and high-resolution encoders capable of absolute angle detection are required for many applications such as automotive, industrial, consumer products, and robots. For automotive applications, these sensors are used not only for the motion control of mechanical parts and motors, but also for sensing the human operating motion such as steering sensors or pedal sensors. However, commonly used rotary encoders using magnetoresistive devices or Hall devices combined with a multi-pole magnet have difficulty in meeting these requirements because they have a large cylindrical structure and need a fine-pitched magnetic scale. Furthermore, they can not detect absolute angles. This paper presents a single-chip CMOS magnetic rotary encoder system that operates on a new working principle based on magnetic pattern analysis with a statistical calculation method. The developed chip can detect the absolute angle at a resolution of 10bits per rotation, which leads to a promising solution for compact high-resolution rotary encoders.
Analytical models of combining Banyan networks (1992)

We present in this paper an analytical model of a multistage combining Banyan network with output buffered switches, in hot-sport traffic. In a combining network, packets bound for the same destination are combined into one if they meet at a switch; this alleviates the problem of tree-saturation caused by hot-spot traffic. We model the flow processes in the network as Markov chains and recursively approximate the departure processes of each stage of the network in terms of the departure processes of the preceding stage. This model is used to predict the throughput of the combining network, and comparison with simulation results shows the prediction to be accurate.A modified combining scheme based on low priorites for hot packets is proposed and analyzed. It is shown that this scheme yields substantial improvements in throughput over the standard combining scheme.
Long palindromes formed in Streptomyces by nonrecombinational intra-strand annealing (2000)

Long inverted repeats (palindromes) are ubiquitous among prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Earlier work has implicated both DNA breaks and short inverted repeats (IRs) in the formation of long palindromes in yeast and Tetrahymena by a proposed mechanism of intramolecular recombination. Here we report that long-palindromic linear plasmids are formed in Streptomyces following double strand DNA breakage by a nonrecombinational intra-strand annealing process that also involves IRs. By modification of palindrome-generating linear plasmids and development of a novel procedure that enables the sequencing of palindrome junctions, we show that long-palindrome formation occurs by unimolecular intra-strand annealing of IRs followed by 3' extension of the resulting DNA fold-back. The consequent hairpin structures serve as templates for synthesis of duplex linear plasmids containing long palindromes. We suggest that this model for long-palindrome formation in Streptomyces may represent a generally applicable mechanism for generating DNA palindromes.
ChemInform Abstract: A New P‐Chiral Bisphosphine, (S,S)‐1,2‐Bis((o‐ethylphenyl) phenylphosphino)ethane, as an Effective Ligand in Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐(Acylamino)acrylic Acids. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In SituGeneration of Chiroptically-Active Gold-Peptide Superstructures Promoted by Iodination (2019)

Peptide-mediated routes to the synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles have been drawing increasing attention for the development of chiroptically active nanoscale architectures. However, designing a multifunctional peptide able to drive the formation of structurally defined nanomaterials endowed with specific functionalities is still challenging. In this work, iodination has been devised as a strategy to strengthen Au-reduction capability of the amyloidogenic peptide DFNKF and combine it with its distinctive self-assembly features. Thanks to the Au-mediated C-I activation on the phenylalanine iodobenzenes, the peptides yield efficient Au-reduction ability promoting the synthesis of Au nanoparticles, and simultaneously working as templates for their spontaneous self-assembly into spherical superstructures endowed with chiroptical activities. The reaction occurs in situ through a one-pot process in aqueous media. The generality of this approach has been demonstrated using an iodinated derivative of the peptide KLVFF, which also showed reducing and templating abilities forming chiroptically active helical superstructures decorated with Au nanoparticles.
PMC-15: Processing of Neat Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone-Tricalcium Phosphate Particulate Composites by Selective Laser Sintering for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications(PMC-III: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES) (2005)

aluminium matrix, and mereover, the heat-treatment resulted in the formatlon of non-crystaIIine A14C3 layer between fiber ancl pure aluminium matrix by energy dispersive X-ray spectrescepy in the TEM. New nucle- ation sites of aluminium carbide crystil occurred in this layer.
Rational design and optimization of plasmonic nanoarrays for surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy (2012)

We present an approach for rational design and optimization of plasmonic arrays for ultrasensitive surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy of specific protein analytes. Motivated by our previous work that demonstrated sub-attomole detection of surface-bound silk fibroin [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 19227 (2009)], we introduce here a general framework that allows for the numerical optimization of metamaterial sensor designs in order to maximize the absorbance signal. A critical feature of our method is the explicit compensation for the perturbative effects of the analyte's refractive index which alters the resonance frequency and line-shape of the metamaterial response, thereby leading to spectral distortion in SEIRA signatures. As an example, we leverage our method to optimize the geometry of periodic arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles on both Si and CaF<sub>2</sub> substrates. The optimal geometries result in a three-order of magnitude absorbance enhancement compared to an unstructured Au layer, with the CaF<sub>2</sub> substrate offering an additional factor of three enhancement in absorbance over a traditional Si substrate. The latter improvement arises from increase of near-field intensity over the Au nanobar surface for the lower index substrate. Finally, we perform sensitivity analysis for our optimized arrays to predict the effects of fabrication imperfections. We find that <20% deviation from the optimized absorbance response is readily achievable over large areas with modern nanofabrication techniques.
BACE1 Dynamics Upon Inhibition with a BACE Inhibitor and Correlation to Downstream Alzheimer’s Disease Markers in Elderly Healthy Participants (2017)

The β-site amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) is the rate limiting enzyme in the generation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from AβPP, one of the major pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Increased BACE1 levels and activity have been reported in the brain of patients with sporadic AD. Therefore, changes of BACE1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have also been investigated as a possible biomarker of the disease. We analyzed BACE1 levels in CSF of elderly healthy participants before and after chronic treatment with a BACE inhibitor (BACEi) and evaluated the correlation between BACE1 levels and downstream AD markers. Overall, BACE1 CSF levels showed strong correlations to all downstream AD markers investigated. This is the first reported finding that shows BACE1 levels in CSF were well correlated to its end product Aβ1 - 42. As previously described, BACE1 levels were strongly correlated to total-tau and phosphorylated tau levels in CSF. Generally, chronic BACE inhibition did not influence BACE1 CSF protein levels. Follow-up studies including early-stage AD pathophysiology and prodromal AD patients will help to understand the importance of measuring BACE1 routinely in daily clinical practice and AD clinical trials.
Low-stress stencil masks using SOI substrates for EPL and LEEPL (2003)

We focus on stencil mask technologies for the next generation lithography (NGL) options such as electron projection lithography (EPL) and low energy electron-beam proximity projection lithography (LEEPL). For the production of high-quality stencil masks, we selected silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate as desirable stencil mask material because of its availability and quality. We showed how the membrane stress varies with dopant concentration and our proposed theoretical prediction on stress dependency on dopant concentration is consistent with experimental data. From the experimental data and prediction, doping method using SOI substrates proved to be able to produce membranes with stress of less than 10 MPa. We also presented how the out-of-plane distortions (OPD) within a subfield depend on the doping profile and cantilever beams with a length of 200 um remained flat. And then we measured the image placement (IP) errors within a subfield on a 200-mm EPL mask, which was less than 20 nm. Finally we employed the doping method to LEEPL mask and presented stress data. Therefore, we confirmed the doping method using SOI substrate is proper approach to fabricate low-stress stencil masks for EPL and LEEPL.
IMGN779, a Novel CD33-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate with DNA-Alkylating Activity, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity in Models of AML (2018)

The myeloid differentiation antigen CD33 has long been exploited as a target for antibody-based therapeutic approaches in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Validation of this strategy was provided with the approval of the CD33-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) gemtuzumab ozogamicin in 2000; the clinical utility of this agent, however, has been hampered by safety concerns. Thus, the full potential of CD33-directed therapy in AML remains to be realized, and considerable interest exists in the design and development of more effective ADCs that confer high therapeutic indices and favorable tolerability profiles. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization of a novel CD33-targeting ADC, IMGN779, which utilizes a unique DNA-alkylating payload to achieve potent antitumor effects with good tolerability. The payload, DGN462, is prototypical of a novel class of purpose-created indolinobenzodiazeprine pseudodimers, termed IGNs. With low picomolar potency, IMGN779 reduced viability in a panel of AML cell lines <i>in vitro</i> Mechanistically, the cytotoxic activity of IMGN779 involved DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis consistent with the mode of action of DGN462. Moreover, IMGN779 was highly active against patient-derived AML cells, including those with adverse molecular abnormalities, and sensitivity correlated to CD33 expression levels. <i>In vivo</i>, IMGN779 displayed robust antitumor efficacy in multiple AML xenograft and disseminated disease models, as evidenced by durable tumor regressions and prolonged survival. Taken together, these findings identify IMGN779 as a promising new candidate for evaluation as a novel therapeutic in AML. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1271-9. ©2018 AACR</i>.
New Cervical Compressive Staple (2012)

Experimental results showed reduced ROM of the instrumented spine regarding the intact one. Fusion rate and the occurrence of complication are similar to previous published data. The staple seems to provide a safe and effective new way to stabilize and secure a spacer with a short surgical time. A multicenter prospective clinical study, with more patients, is in progress to confirm these promising results.
Silicon Carbide Fibers Made from Nano‐Powders (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Influence of Low-temperature Heat Treatment after Deformation on Hydrogen Entry into Steel Sheets (2012)

To ensure safety against delayed fracture caused by hydrogen embrittlement under service environments of steel sheets for auto body parts used after forming and paint baking, it is quite important to understand hydrogen entry into steels under the service environments, which could be influenced by part processing parameters such as forming and the following paint baking conditions. In this study, the influence of temperature and holding time in low-temperature heat treatment after deformation on hydrogen entry into steel sheets was investigated in detail, and the mechanism of the decrement of hydrogen entry due to the heat treatment was discussed using 0.2%C steel, 0.002%C steel and IF steel. The steels were 10–20% cold rolled to introduce plastic strain, then heat-treated at 50–170°C for 0.2–20160 min, followed by immersion in pH 1-HCl for at most 72 h to introduce hydrogen into the steels. Hydrogen entry into the steels during immersion in pH 1-HCl increased with the cold rolling and decreased with the following low-temperature heat treatment, and as the heating temperature and holding time increased, hydrogen entry during immersion in HCl decreased. This indicates hydrogen trapping sites, which were introduced by the cold rolling, decreased due to the low-temperature heat treatment. From a comparison of steels with and without solute carbon atoms, the decrement of hydrogen trapping sites due to the low-temperature heat treatment was attributed to both the decrement of vacancies and occupation of hydrogen trapping sites around dislocations by interstitial solute atoms such as carbon.
Cardiovascular Risk of Celecoxib in 6 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials (2008)

We observed evidence of differential cardiovascular risk as a function of celecoxib dose regimen and baseline cardiovascular risk. By further clarifying the extent of celecoxib-related cardiovascular risk, these findings may help guide treatment decisions for patients who derive clinical benefit from selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
Biological invasions, climate change and genomics (2014)

The rate of biological invasions is expected to increase as the effects of climate change on biological communities become widespread. Climate change enhances habitat disturbance which facilitates the establishment of invasive species, which in turn provides opportunities for hybridization and introgression. These effects influence local biodiversity that can be tracked through genetic and genomic approaches. Metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches provide a way of monitoring some types of communities under climate change for the appearance of invasives. Introgression and hybridization can be followed by the analysis of entire genomes so that rapidly changing areas of the genome are identified and instances of genetic pollution monitored. Genomic markers enable accurate tracking of invasive species' geographic origin well beyond what was previously possible. New genomic tools are promoting fresh insights into classic questions about invading organisms under climate change, such as the role of genetic variation, local adaptation and climate pre-adaptation in successful invasions. These tools are providing managers with often more effective means to identify potential threats, improve surveillance and assess impacts on communities. We provide a framework for the application of genomic techniques within a management context and also indicate some important limitations in what can be achieved.
Mechanisms of cytokine synergy essential for vaccine protection against viral challenge (2001)

The ability of cytokines to steer CD4(+) T(h) cell responses toward a T(h)1 or T(h)2 phenotype and enhance the magnitude of both CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and antibody responses has clearly been demonstrated by our lab and others, but the influence of cytokines on protective immune responses is much less clear. Here we show an essential role for CD4(+) T(h)1 helper cell induction and IFN-gamma production in protection from viral challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1MN viral envelope glycoprotein gp160. Complete protection from viral challenge is achieved only when the triple combination of exogenous cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are co-administered with the peptide vaccine. In vivo depletion of CD4(+) cells or immunization of IFN-gamma-deficient mice abrogates protection. GM-CSF, IL-12 and TNF-alpha also synergize for the enhanced induction of CTL; however, adoptive transfer of a CD8(+) CTL line afforded only partial protection in this viral challenge model. As a possible mechanism of in vivo protection we show that GM-CSF increases the percentage and activity of antigen-presenting dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes where the immune response is initiated. We further demonstrate synergy between IL-12 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in driving IFN-gamma production. Thus, a combination of IL-12 and TNF-alpha is essential for the optimal development of T(h)1 responses and help for CTL induction in BALB/c mice, and is complemented by a third cytokine, GM-CSF, which enhances antigen presentation.
Reliable confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with an enzyme-linked immunoassay using recombinant antigens derived from the HIV-1 gag, pol, and env genes (1989)

An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) using six recombinant proteins corresponding to large segments of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag, pol, and env gene products (HIVAGEN; SmithKline Bio-Science Laboratories, Van Nuys, Calif.) was developed to confirm the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 in sera reactive in the whole-cell-derived virion screening ELISAs. Serum samples for testing were obtained from healthy seronegative blood donors and from the different categories of HIV-infected individuals (asymptomatic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]-related complex, and AIDS). A positive reaction was defined as reactivity against an env and at least one other (either gag or pol) HIV-1 gene product; negative was defined as no reaction with any antigen; and indeterminate was defined as reactivity with gag or pol (or both) or with env alone. None of the 1,180 serum samples from healthy seronegative blood donors gave a positive result, and only 49 of these samples (4%) gave indeterminate results. The recombinant HIV-1 antigen ELISA panel identified seropositive individuals with a high degree of accuracy, as a positive reaction was seen with 99.3% of asymptomatic healthy seropositive individuals, 98.1% of patients with AIDS-related complex, and 90.4% of patients with AIDS. None of the 725 HIV-1-seropositive subjects had a negative test result. Reactivity with the Kp41 antigen, corresponding to an amino-terminal portion of the gp41 envelope glycoprotein, by itself demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing seronegative from seropositive sera. A subset of seronegative and seropositive samples were tested both with the recombinant HIV-1 antigen ELISA panel and by Western blot (Du Pont Co.). The recombinant HIV-1 antigen ELISA panel accurately identified more seropositive and seronegative samples and had fewer indeterminate results than did Western blot (interpreted by Du Pont criteria).
Novel genes for familial combined hyperlipidemia (1999)

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a complex genetic disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, 'modifier' genes of the FCHL phenotype, such as the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster and LPL, have been identified in several populations. A 'major' gene for FCHL has been identified in a Finnish isolate which maps to a region syntenic to murine chromosome 3 where a locus for combined hyperlipidemia has been identified. We review these and other recent studies which indicate that FCHL is genetically heterogeneous.
Reliable Quantum Dot Laser Grown by MOCVD (2022)

Aging testing of MOCVD-grown QD lasers has been conducted for approximately 1,000 hours. The threshold current tends to decrease for aging at 30 °C. For aging at 60 °C, the extrapolated lifetime is five million hours.