gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Post- Laser Ablation Prostate Therapy Changes on MRI via a Domain-Specific Biomechanical Model: Preliminary Findings (2016)

Focal laser ablation destroys cancerous cells via thermal destruction of tissue by a laser. Heat is absorbed, causing thermal necrosis of the target region. It combines the aggressive benefits of radiation treatment (destroying cancer cells) without the harmful side effects (due to its precise localization). MRI is typically used pre-treatment to determine the targeted area, and post-treatment to determine efficacy by detecting necrotic tissue, or tumor recurrence. However, no system exists to quantitatively evaluate the post-treatment effects on the morphology and structure via MRI. To quantify these changes, the pre- and post-treatment MR images must first be spatially aligned. The goal is to quantify (a) laser-induced shape-based changes, and (b) changes in MRI parameters post-treatment. The shape-based changes may be correlated with treatment efficacy, and the quantitative effects of laser treatment over time is currently poorly understood. This work attempts to model changes in gland morphology following laser treatment due to (1) patient alignment, (2) changes due to surrounding organs such as the bladder and rectum, and (3) changes due to the treatment itself. To isolate the treatment-induced shape-based changes, the changes from (1) and (2) are first modeled and removed using a finite element model (FEM). A FEM models the physical properties of tissue. The use of a physical biomechanical model is important since a stated goal of this work is to determine the physical shape-based changes to the prostate from the treatment, and therefore only physical real deformations are to be allowed. A second FEM is then used to isolate the physical, shape-based, treatment-induced changes. We applied and evaluated our model in capturing the laser induced changes to the prostate morphology on eight patients with 3.0 Tesla, T2-weighted MRI, acquired approximately six months following treatment. Our results suggest the laser treatment causes a decrease in prostate volume, which appears to manifest predominantly at the site of ablation. After spatially aligning the images, changes to MRI intensity values are clearly visible at the site of ablation. Our results suggest that our new methodology is able to capture and quantify the degree of laser-induced changes to the prostate. The quantitative measurements reflecting of the deformation changes can be used to track treatment response over time.
Transformation-Dependent Silencing of Tumor-Selective Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL by DNA Hypermethylation Is Antagonized by Decitabine (2011)

Abstract TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) kills tumor cells selectively. We asked how emerging tumor cells escape elimination by TRAIL and how tumor-specific killing by TRAIL could then be restored. We found that TRAIL expression is consistently downregulated in HRASG12V-transformed cells in stepwise tumorigenesis models derived from four different tissues due to DNA hypermethylation of CpG clusters within the TRAIL promoter. Decitabine de-silenced TRAIL, which remained inducible by interferon, while induction of TRAIL by blocking the HRASG12V-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was subordinated to epigenetic silencing. Decitabine induced apoptosis through upregulation of endogenous TRAIL in cooperation with favorable regulation of key players acting in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Apoptosis induction by exogenously added TRAIL was largely increased by decitabine. In vivo treatment of xenografted human HRASG12V-transformed human epithelial kidney or syngenic mice tumors by decitabine blocked tumor growth induced TRAIL expression and apoptosis. Our results emphasize the potential of decitabine to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in tumors and thus provide a rationale for combination therapies with decitabine to increase tumor-selective apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(9); 1611–23. ©2011 AACR.
On the Modeling of Bearing Voltage and Current in PWM Converter-fed Electric Machines Using Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis (2021)

Bearing voltages and resulting currents in electric machines driven by PWM converters with fast switching and high $dv/dt$ can cause premature bearing failures. With the transition from conventional Si devices to wide bandgap (WBG) devices and increase in switching frequency, bearing voltages and currents become more significant and need to be addressed from the early design stage. This paper proposes to use coupled field-circuit electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) to model bearing voltage and current in electric machines, which takes into account the influence of distributed winding conductors and frequency-dependent winding RL parameters. The three known bearing current types are explained and modeled in a unified way by using the proposed approach with simple calculation examples. Potential bearing current issues in axial-flux machines, and possibilities of computation time reduction, are also discussed.
Quasilinear Control of Systems with Time-Delays and Nonlinear Actuators and Sensors (2019)

We investigate Quasilinear Control (QLC) of time-delay systems with nonlinear actuators and sensors. QLC leverages the method of stochastic linearization to replace each nonlinearity with an equivalent gain. The existence of the equivalent gain for a closed loop time-delay system is discussed. To compute the equivalent gain, both the delay Lyapunov method and the Padé approximant are explored. The method of saturated-root locus (S-RL) is extended to nonlinear time-delay systems, and a QLC-based optimal controller design is presented. Statistical experiments are performed to investigate the accuracy of stochastic linearization compared to a system without time-delay. Results show that stochastic linearization effectively linearizes a nonlinear time-delay system, even though delays generally degrade accuracy. Finally, pitch control in a wind turbine system is introduced as a practical example of a nonlinear time-delay system, and its performance is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability and efficacy of the approach.
Dopant segregation in polycrystalline silicon (1980)

Dopant segregation at grain boundaries in polycrystalline silicon has been investigated. Arsenic, phosphorus, and boron were ion implanted into low-pressure, chemically-vapor-deposited polycrystalline-silicon films. All films were then annealed at 1000 °C for 1 h, and some were subsequently further annealed at 800, 850, or 900 °C for 64, 24, or 12 h, respectively. For phosphorus and arsenic the room-temperature resistivity of the films was found to be higher after annealing at lower temperatures. By successively annealing the same sample at lower and higher temperatures, the resistivity would repeatedly increase and decrease, indicating reversible dopant segregation at the grain boundaries. Hall measurements were used to estimate the number of active dopant atoms within the grains and the number of atoms segregated at the grain boundaries as a function of annealing temperature. A theory of segregation in systems of small particles has been developed. Using this theory, the heat of segregation of arsenic and phosphorus in polycrystalline silicon was calculated. For boron no appreciable segregation was observed.
Measurements of thermal effects in fibers doped with cobalt and vanadium (2000)

Thermal index changes due to nonradiative relaxation in optically pumped Co/sup 2+/-doped and V/sup n+/ doped fibers are studied experimentally by an interferometric method. In both dopants these effects are shown to be very strong and to mask any residual resonantly enhanced nonlinearity. The measured magnitude and time constants of thermal effects are well explained by a new theoretical model, which confirms its validity and usefulness. These measurements also demonstrate a new and simple method to differentiate between nonlinear and thermal phase shifts in doped fibers based on the dependence of the phase change on the pump pulsewidth. This study provides new information on the spectroscopy of these two dopants, including the percentage of absorbed power they transform into heat (/spl sim/38% for Co/sup 2+/ and 56% for V/sup n+/), and the likely presence of clusters in Co/sup 2+/-doped silica even at very low concentrations (8 wt ppm CoO).
Simulation of Cup-Drawing Based on Crystal Plasticity Applied to Reduced Grain Samplings (2005)

This paper presents a means of reducing the computational cost of finite element (FE) simulations coupled to polycrystal plasticity theory. One typically assumes that a polycrystal with a large number of grains underlies every integration point of the FE mesh. Instead, it is suggested here using reduced samplings of grains which differ from one integration point to another. On average, every set of 5 to 25 finite elements contains a variety of lattice orientations that is representative of the macroscopic texture. The model is applied to deep-drawing of a cylindrical cup made of steel. In a first set of simulations, grains are assigned orientations representative of a cold rolling texture and the “earing” profile is compared to experiment. In a second set of simulations, lattice orientations are random and an isotropic deep-drawing result is expected. It is demonstrated that using a minimum of 20 grains per integration point allows properly predicting the final shape of the cup and the texture development.
Thick clients for personal wireless devices (2002)

A thin-client approach to mobile computing pushes as many services as possible on a remote server. Technology trends indicate, however, that an easy route to improving thin-client functionality will be to add disk storage, RAM, and a more powerful CPU. Thus, thin clients will rapidly become multipurpose thick clients. With time, users may come to consider their mobile system as their primary general-purpose computing device, maintaining their most-used files on the mobile system and relying on their desktop systems primarily for larger displays, keyboards, and other nonmobile interfaces.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the complexation of trimethyllead by glutathione in aqueous solution and in intact human erythrocytes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance studies of the complexation of trimethyllead by glutathione in aqueous solution and in intact human erythrocytesDallas L. Rabenstein, Stanley J. Backs, and Anvarhusein A. IsabCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 10, 2836–2841Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00400a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00400a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of a radiolabeled cyclodepsipeptide [3H-methyl]PF1022A (1996)

For receptor binding studies and the elucidation of the mode of action of the potent anthelmintic compound PF1022A a tritium labeled compound with very high specific activity was necessary. Tritium was introduced into the compound by methylation of the [bis-N-demethyl]precursor of PF1022A (PF1022-219). The identity of [bis-N-methyl-3H]PF1022A was determined by LC/MS. After synthesis and purification, 88.9 μg [bis-N-methyl-3H]PF1022A were available showing a specific activity of 162 Ci/mmol (5,99 TBq/mmol) determined by mass spectrometry. The total activity was 15 mCi (555 MBq). Radiolabeled PF1022A showed an efficient and specific binding to a membrane fraction from Ascaris suum. Displacement by unlabeled PF1022A was half-maximal at about 40 nM. At 100-fold higher concentrations the biologically much less effective optical antipodean (PF1022-001) competed for maximal 40% of the [3H]PF1022A-binding in the Ascaris suum membrane preparation. In-vitro comparison of PF1022A with its optical antipodean revealed a more than 100-fold higher anthelmintic activity of PF1022A against Heterakis spumosa, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichinella spiralis.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging: Simultaneous Single Nanoparticle Spectroscopy and Diffusional Dynamics (2009)

A wide-field localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) imaging method using a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) is used to measure the scattering spectra of multiple Ag nanoparticles in parallel. This method provides the ability to characterize moving Ag nanoparticles by measuring the scattering spectra of the particles while simultaneously tracking their motion. Consequently, single particle diffusion coefficients can be determined. As an example, several single Ag nanoprisms are tracked, the LSPR scattering spectrum of each moving particle is obtained, and the single particle diffusion coefficient is determined from its trajectory. Coupling diffusion information with spectral information in real time is a significant advance and addresses many scientific problems, both fundamental and biological, such as cell membrane protein diffusion, functional plasmonic distributions, and nanoparticle growth mechanisms.
One‐Carbon Chain Extension of Esters to α‐Chloroketones: A Safer Route Without Diazomethane. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multi-Moments in Time: Learning and Interpreting Models for Multi-Action Video Understanding (2021)

Videos capture events that typically contain multiple sequential, and simultaneous, actions even in the span of only a few seconds. However, most large-scale datasets built to train models for action recognition in video only provide a single label per video. Consequently, models can be incorrectly penalized for classifying actions that exist in the videos but are not explicitly labeled and do not learn the full spectrum of information present in each video in training. Towards this goal, we present the Multi-Moments in Time dataset (M-MiT) which includes over two million action labels for over one million three second videos. This multi-label dataset introduces novel challenges on how to train and analyze models for multi-action detection. Here, we present baseline results for multi-action recognition using loss functions adapted for long tail multi-label learning, provide improved methods for visualizing and interpreting models trained for multi-label action detection and show the strength of transferring models trained on M-MiT to smaller datasets.
The dynamic behavior of dilute metallic alloy PdxAu1−x/SiO2raspberry colloid templated catalysts under CO oxidation (2021)

Dilute palladium-in-gold alloys have potential as efficient oxidation catalysts; controlling the Pd surface distribution is critical.
TrueTrack/sup TM/ servo technology for high TPI disk drives (2001)

The performance of a high track density disk drive is critically limited by positioning errors induced by disk shift, spindle vibration and disk warp-based servomechanics. The spectrally rich error components can be compensated for by high-gain digital filters. The filters augment the basic function of a conventional controller. Using a novel method for initializing filters, precision tracking is achieved without compromising the settle out performance of a disk drive. An autonomous filter state propagation method during seek is shown to simplify the implementation process. A silicon servo chip has been designed to incorporate the key functions of the algorithm.
Immunochromatography on Insolubilized Antibodies of Very Low Affinity: Application to Immunoadsorbence of Bovine α-Fetoprotein (1978)

Abstract Cross-reactive antibodies were utilized to prepare immunoadsorbents possessing a very low affinity to bovine α-fetoprotein (AFP). A goat anti-human AFP serum cross-reactive with bovine AFP was first depleted of antibodies reactive with bovine AFP in immunodiffusion. The remaining antibodies from this serum and γ-globulin from a sheep antiserum against rabbit AFP, without prior absorption, were coupled to Sepharose. Chromatography of fetal calf serum on these adsorbents resulted in retardation of bovine AFP relative to other proteins. A major part of the AFP eluted from the columns with phosphate-buffered saline. The rest eluted as a sharp peak with a small quantity of 4 or 6 M urea. The elution of AFP with the initial column buffer has made it possible to prepare pure AFP that has not been subjected to the chaotropic elution buffers usually employed in affinity chromatography. Elimination of the washing step and the ease of elution has allowed purification of gram amounts of AFP. The fact that immunoadsorbents prepared from antibodies with no detectable reactivity in immunodiffusion still caused delayed elution in chromatography suggests that this procedure may be useful in search of proteins cross-reactive with a known protein.
Performance Envelopes of Virtual Keyboard Text Input Strategies in Virtual Reality (2019)

Virtual and Augmented Reality deliver engaging interaction experiences that can transport and extend the capabilities of the user. To ensure these paradigms are more broadly usable and effective, however, it is necessary to also deliver many of the conventional functions of a smartphone or personal computer. It remains unclear how conventional input tasks, such as text entry, can best be translated into virtual and augmented reality. In this paper we examine the performance potential of four alternative text entry strategies in virtual reality (VR). These four strategies are selected to provide full coverage of two fundamental design dimensions: i) physical surface association; and ii) number of engaged fingers. Specifically, we examine typing with index fingers on a surface and in mid-air and typing using all ten fingers on a surface and in mid-air. The central objective is to evaluate the human performance potential of these four typing strategies without being constrained by current tracking and statistical text decoding limitations. To this end we introduce an auto-correction simulator that uses knowledge of the stimulus to emulate statistical text decoding within constrained experimental parameters and use high-precision motion tracking hardware to visualise and detect fingertip interactions. We find that alignment of the virtual keyboard with a physical surface delivers significantly faster entry rates over a mid-air keyboard. Also, users overwhelmingly fail to effectively engage all ten fingers in mid-air typing, resulting in slower entry rates and higher error rates compared to just using two index fingers. In addition to identifying the envelopes of human performance for the four strategies investigated, we also provide a detailed analysis of the underlying features that distinguish each strategy in terms of its performance and behaviour.
Evaluating the utility of deep learning for predicting therapeutic response in diabetic eye disease (2022)

This study demonstrated the limitations of DL for predicting therapeutic response when large datasets were not available for model training. Our findings suggest the need for hand-crafted approaches for complex and data scarce prediction problems in ophthalmology.
Localization of major histocompatibility complex class I and II mRNA in human first-trimester chorionic villi by in situ hybridization. (1992)

Maternal immune recognition of pregnancy occurs despite the nonexpression of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigenic determinants by chorionic villous trophoblast, which comprise the major surface area where maternal blood contacts fetal-derived cells. cDNA-mRNA in situ hybridization was used to probe expression of transcripts corresponding to nonpolymorphic MHC determinants in first-trimester chorionic villus samples. The HLA-B7 probe hybridization signals were localized to syncytiotrophoblast and to cells of the mesenchyme but not to villous cytotrophoblast. HLA-G mRNA was found only in syncytiotrophoblast. A DR beta clone hybridized to both villous cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. The results suggest that expression of trophoblast class I and class II determinants early in gestation (10 wk) may be regulated by posttranscriptional events. This also suggests the potential for maternal antifetal alloimmune responses.
NI-24 * IMPROVING BIOBANKED SPECIMEN QUALITY: LABEL-FREE MICROSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN BRAIN TUMOR BIOPSIES PRIOR TO BIOBANKING (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Biobanked brain tumor specimens share a critical shortcoming: the inability to efficiently screen tissue specimens prior to banking, potentially leading to storage of poor-quality samples. Standard histologic approaches to evaluate cellularity of tissue, such as frozen sectioning, may alter molecular characteristics and damage tissue for downstream analyses. Here, utilizing a novel ex vivo approach, we evaluate the feasibility of interrogating tissue cellularity and cytoarchitecture with label-free confocal reflectance microscopy (CRM) prior to biobanking. METHODS: Biopsies from patients with intracranial neoplasms (n = 3 for each; glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and schwannoma) were transported to the pathology department and placed in ice-cold saline. Samples were immediately positioned on the stage of our pathology-based Zeiss LSM710 confocal microscope and visualized with CRM. CRM images were evaluated for tumor cellularity, architecture and morphology, and then compared to corresponding permanent sections. RESULTS: CRM could contrast cellularity and stroma in all samples, as compared to corresponding permanent sections. Additionally, CRM contrasted vasculature and regions of necrosis in glioblastomas, tumor architecture in meningiomas and schwannomas, and sheets of neoplastic cells in pituitary ademonas. DISCUSSION: We found confocal reflectance microscopy to be a simple approach to screening biospecimens prior to biobanking. CRM quickly generated distinct ex vivo microscopic images from biopsies without tissue processing or application of exogenous dyes. CRM contrasted histopathological features present in our samples, and produced images that could be digitally stored and recalled with the matched specimen in the biobank. In our previous studies, we reported CRM did not alter the molecular integrity of fresh biopsies from brain tumor animal models. We hypothesize that wider use of this technique could improve the quality of banked tissue.
Functional PLGA Scaffolds for Chondrogenesis of Bone‐Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

Two chondrogenic factors, Dex and TGF-beta1, were incorporated into PLGA scaffolds and their chondrogenic potential was evaluated. The Dex-loaded PLGA scaffold was grafted with AA and heparin, the heparin-immobilized one was then reacted with TGF-beta1, yielding a PLGA/Dex-TGF (PLGA/D/T) scaffold. The scaffolds were seeded with rabbit MSCs and cultured for 4 weeks. The results show that the scaffolds including chondrogenic factors strongly upregulated the expression of cartilage-specific genes and clearly displayed type-II collagen immunofluorescence. The functionalized PLGA scaffolds could provide an appropriate niche for chondrogenic differentiation of MSC without a constant medium supply of Dex and TGF-beta1.