gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bias between MNI and Talairach coordinates analyzed using the ICBM‐152 brain template (2007)

MNI coordinates determined using SPM2 and FSL/FLIRT with the ICBM-152 template were compared to Talairach coordinates determined using a landmark-based Talairach registration method (TAL). Analysis revealed a clear-cut bias in reference frames (origin, orientation) and scaling (brain size). Accordingly, ICBM-152 fitted brains were consistently larger, oriented more nose down, and translated slightly down relative to TAL fitted brains. Whole brain analysis of MNI/Talairach coordinate disparity revealed an ellipsoidal pattern with disparity ranging from zero at a point deep within the left hemisphere to greater than 1-cm for some anterior brain areas. MNI/Talairach coordinate disparity was generally less for brains fitted using FSL. The mni2tal transform generally reduced MNI/Talairach coordinate disparity for inferior brain areas but increased disparity for anterior, posterior, and superior areas. Coordinate disparity patterns differed for brain templates (MNI-305, ICBM-152) using the same fitting method (FSL/FLIRT) and for different fitting methods (SPM2, FSL/FLIRT) using the same template (ICBM-152). An MNI-to-Talairach (MTT) transform to correct for bias between MNI and Talairach coordinates was formulated using a best-fit analysis in one hundred high-resolution 3-D MR brain images. MTT transforms optimized for SPM2 and FSL were shown to reduced group mean MNI/Talairach coordinate disparity from a 5-13 mm to 1-2 mm for both deep and superficial brain sites. MTT transforms provide a validated means to convert MNI coordinates to Talairach compatible coordinates for studies using either SPM2 or FSL/FLIRT with the ICBM-152 template.
Role of free fatty acid signaling in islet function (2018)

Acute exposure of islets to long chain fatty acids amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic beta-cells through activation of the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1). In accordance, palmitate-induced secretion was largely reduced in islets of Ffar1 -/- mice and of mice carrying the mutation R258W in Ffar1 gene. Glucose tolerance, however, was impaired in Ffar1 -/- mice but improved in R258W mutant mice. In Ffar1 -/- mouse islets, the mRNA level of Ffar3 was reduced. Ffar3 and Ffar2 are short chain fatty acid receptors (SCFA). Their function in beta-cells is still controversial. Here we examined the expression and role of Ffar2 and Ffar3 in beta-cells.
The use of daylight in the design of a controlled environment for food production in the Caribbean and other equatorial climates (1989)

T his thesis addresses the use of daylight in the design of a controlled environment for food production in the Caribbean and other Equatorial climates.An expanding population has put a tremendous burden on the food production industry in these climates.The increasing population in these climates means that existing fertile land is being taken-over for housing and infrastructure.Furthermore, the fishing industry is also a victim of over-fishing due to a need for alternative foods.This design proposes a technological solution to this social problem.Presented is one answer to improve the fishing industry, through a controlled environment for intensive aquaculture production.To improve crop production due to depleting fertile land and flooding, this thesis proposes hydroponic cultures in multi-stories.In addition, the success of this farming complex is dependent on appropriate research by staffed scientists, seeking to continually improve the end products of this facility.Within this ecosystem, far greater yields will be attained than traditional forms of agriculture, and, aquaculture.The challenge here is to present the most economic solution.As a result, the design of this facility is based on a three-level hydroponic (crops growing in a nutrient solution) facility, a fish hatchery, indoor fish ponds, and, research laboratories within the aquaculture and hydroponic facilities.This thesis presents two design solutions : one on land, that addresses the issues of flooding and a depletion of available fertile land, and one at sea, that addresses a time in which the population has grown to such a degree that food production at sea becomes an economic reality.
Tunable dual-emitting shell-crosslinked nano-objects as single-component ratiometric pH-sensing materials (2011)

Dual-emitting photonic nano-objects that can sense changes in the environmental pH are designed based on shell-crosslinked micelles assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers and crosslinked with pH-insensitive chromophores. The chromophoric crosslinkers are tetra-functionalized pyrazine molecules that bear a set of terminal aliphatic amine groups and a set of anilino amine groups, which demonstrate morphology-dependent reactivities towards the poly(acrylic acid) shell domain of the nano-objects. The extent to which the anilino amine groups react with the nano-object shell is shown to affect the hypsochromic shift (blue-shift). The ratio of fluorescence intensity at 496 nm over that of 560 nm is dependent upon the solution pH. We report, herein, observations on the pH-sensitive dual-emission photophysical properties of rod-shaped or spherical nano-objects, whose shell domains offer two distinct platforms for amidation reactions to occur-through formation of activated esters upon addition of carbodiimide or pre-installation of activated ester groups. We demonstrate that physical manipulations (changes in morphology or particle dimensions) or chemical manipulations of the crosslinking reaction (the order of installation of activated esters) lead to fine tuning of dual-emission over <i>ca</i>. 60 nm in a physiologically relevant pH range. Rod-shaped shell-crosslinked nanostructures with poly(<i>p</i>-hydroxystyrene) core show blue-shift as a function of increasing pH while spherical shell-crosslinked nanostructures with polystyrene core and poly(ethylene oxide) corona exhibit blue-shift as a function of decreasing pH.
Advanced mouse pointer control using trajectory-based gesture recognition (2010)

In this paper, a method to control the movement of a mouse pointer using simple hand gestures and a webcam is proposed. A real-time tracking algorithm is implemented based on adaptive skin detection and motion analysis. Using the history of motion, the trajectory of the movement of the hand is drawn and then used to identify a gesture. A region of interest algorithm is proposed, in order to scale the motion when the user is located far away from the point of capture. The motion of the mouse pointer is scaled accordingly. Demonstrations using our prototype clearly illustrate the benefits of our system.
Semi-blind Mutually Referenced Equalizers for a Nonlinear Signal Estimation (2023)

In digital communication, nonlinearity is a frequent source of signal and channel distortion. Such distortions often need equalization techniques or devices to correct them. An equalization technique for recovering nonlinear multichannel signals in convolutive mixture is presented in this article. The proposed work uses the mutually referenced equalization technique to estimate the equalizer and the transmitted signal from the nonlinear convolutive mixture while in the present of quadratic nonlinearities. The proposed semi-blind model builds a cost function that offers an equalization solution by combining data, pilots, and the mutually referenced equalizer approach. The proposed method offers a number of benefits, including ease of implementation, resistance against channel order misspecification, and the ability to provide several equalization delays with a single solution. The simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed approach has fascinating performance characteristics and is resilient to low SNR.
Information processing in tree networks of excitable elements (2021)

We study the collective response of small random tree networks of diffusively coupled excitable elements to stimuli applied to leaf nodes. Such networks model the morphology of certain sensory neurons that possess branched myelinated dendrites with excitable nodes of Ranvier at every branch point and at leaf nodes. Leaf nodes receive random inputs along with a stimulus and initiate action potentials that propagate through the tree. We quantify the collective response registered at the central node using mutual information. We show that in the strong-coupling limit, the statistics of the number of nodes and leaves determines the mutual information. At the same time, the collective response is insensitive to particular node connectivity and distribution of stimulus over leaf nodes. However, for intermediate coupling, the mutual information may strongly depend on the stimulus distribution among leaf nodes. We identify a mechanism behind the competition of leaf nodes that leads to nonmonotonous dependence of mutual information on coupling strength. We show that a localized stimulus given to a tree branch can be occluded by the background firing of unstimulated branches, thus suppressing mutual information. Nonetheless, the mutual information can be enhanced by a proper stimulus localization and tuning of coupling strength.
Design challenges in sub-100 nm high performance microprocessors (2004)

This article deals with design challenges for high performance microprocessors. Device challenges including gate leakage, junction tunneling, junction depth scaling, parasitic series resistance, and short channel effects. Microprocessor frequencies are increasing every generation from additional architectural and circuit complexity, which demands higher level of integration and die size increase. To address these scaling challenges, devices, circuits and design methodologies need to evolve. Scaling gate oxide thickness is important for controlling short channel effects.
Does Prior Infection Alter the Outcome of TKA After Tibial Plateau Fracture? (2008)

Level III, therapeutic study.
Pulsed laser deposition from a pre‐synthesized Cr2AlC MAX phase target with and without ion‐beam assistance (2011)

Abstract Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) employing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to grow thin films from a pre‐synthesized Cr 2 AlC MAX phase ablation target onto MgO(100), amorphous SiO 2 and stainless steel substrates. The depositions were carried out for substrate temperatures from room temperature to 650 °C. For one set of samples, a 200 eV argon ion‐beam was directed towards the substrate during deposition, while an otherwise identical control set was deposited without such an ion‐beam. The composition, structure and properties of the films were investigated by glow‐discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) for film thickness and composition, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for the phase analysis and electron microscopy for the microstructure of the films. Furthermore, electrical conductivity and hardness of the films was measured. Depending on the deposition temperature, either amorphous films or the formation of Cr 7 C 3 and Cr 2 Al inside amorphous parts was observed. In all cases, the film composition did not represent the original stoichiometric composition of the target. Instead, a loss of especially aluminium and carbon was observed. The ion‐beam has several interesting effects on film thickness and composition, concentration gradients in the films and on conductivity and hardness. So far, no clear model can be presented, which can summarize these effects.
Extraction of Amphoteric Amino Acid by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis: Methionine Acid as a Case Study (2016)

Methionine is an important amino acid to block the autophagy in cells. In industry, the production of methionine through the hydantoin pathway generates a huge amount of inorganic salts (i.e., Na2SO4), reducing the product purity. In this work, an efficient bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) technology was proposed to extract high-purity methionine from the mother liquor of reaction. Lab-scale experiments were conducted with an optimized BMED stack at a current density of 150 A/m2. The energy consumption and current efficiency were acceptable, reaching 2.156 kWh/kg NaOH and 75.10%, respectively. Specifically, the base, i.e., NaOH, with a high concentration generated in BMED stack can be used for effective adsorption of H2CO3, in view of reducing the emission of CO2. Furthermore, a simulation of cation migration during the BMED operation was performed on the basis of the relationship between pH and the concentration of different ion species. From the simulation, it is critical to control the pH at ∼4.4 to maximize the purity and reduce the extraneous loss for methionine. Finally, a pilot-scale experiment was designed to evaluate the economic feasibility of BMED for the production of methionine. It can be confirmed that total cost of BMED operation for the production of methionine with high purity (99.4%) was estimated to be 321 $/t Met, which is economically viable in industry.
Soft Magnetic Properties and Electrical Resisivity of Fe-Mg-O Thin Films Sputter-deposited on Cooled Substrates (1999)

Magnetic properties and electrical resistivity of Fe-Mg-O thin films produced on cooled substrates by liquid nitrogen during the sputter-deposition have been studied. The films on cooled substrates exhibit high saturation magnetizations compared to those with the same magnitude of electrical resistivities on non-cooled substrates. For example, saturation magnetization of a film on a cooled substrate, when the electrical resistivity is about 150μΩcm, is nearly 2 kG larger than on a non cooled substrate. It should be noted that the substrate cooking is also effective in increasing saturation magnetization and electrical resistivity of Fe-Mg-O thin films.
Teaching optical engineering to electrical engineering undergraduates (1997)

We describe a one-semester undergraduate course in optical engineering that has been taught at University of Central Florida since 1985 to junior and senior students of electrical engineering. The choice of topics emphasizes first-order system-engineering calculations, rather than the more traditional theoretical viewpoint often found in junior/senior-level optics courses. Representative topics include: paraxial raytracing, field of view and F/#, diffraction-limited resolution, Fresnel equations, radiometric/photometric units, paraxial flux transfer, blackbody radiation, detector responsivity and sensitivity, shot noise, Johnson noise, and laser-beam propagation. Homework problems emphasize estimation of magnitudes, as well as more exact numerical calculations. We have found this approach to be accessible to typical engineering undergraduates, and to be a good foundation for entry-level practitioners.
Synthesis of silicon nanowires from carbothermic reduction of silica fume in RF thermal plasma (2014)

Silica fume, which is a by‐product of metallurgical‐grade silicon production, is a low cost material with high SiO 2 concentration and small particle size (&lt;1 µm). These properties make it a good candidate for radio‐frequency (RF) thermal plasma processing. In this article, the use of silica fume as a reactant is promoted for the RF thermal plasma synthesis of high‐charge capacity, high cyclability anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. In order to obtain these materials, the carboreduction of silica fume is followed by an in‐flight growth of silicon nanowires in the plasma reactor. The impact of the addition of catalysts and the use of different plasma gases on the yield and the properties of the product has been investigated by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the addition of metal catalysts has a significant effect on the synthesis. It not only promoted the formation of silicon nanowires, but also improved the yield of the reaction upwards of 300%. An insight on the mechanisms leading to the silicon nanowires formation is also discussed in the results section.
Neutropenic Colitis Predominantly Involving the Transverse Colon: CT Aspect of an Unusual Presentation (1995)

A 62-year-old woman developed fulminant neuteopenic colitis following aggressive chemotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. An urgently performed computerized tomographic [CT] study demonstrated the predominant involvement of the transverse colon. We present a brief description of the CT features of neutropenic colitis in this unusual presentation.
Cryptographic Mechanisms for Health Care IT-Systems (1996)

Present health care information and communication system sufficiently respect neither the interests of the professional users (physicians, nurses, etc.) nor those of the usees (patients) concerning informational self-determination, integrity, and non-repudiation. The EU-AIM-SEISMED project has attacked this challenge. There is consensus that legal regulations and organisational measures around health care IT-systems have to be revisited and harmonised. However, the increasing processing capacities of IT-systems demand that the legitimate security interests of users and usees are enforced in advance--not only after the fact. This cannot be achieved against -----stems but only by the help of IT-systems. Since cryptographic mechanisms are an essential tool to this end SEISMED provides guidelines and technical recommendations on cryptographic mechanisms.
Low profile UWB monopole antenna having a sharp band notch function (2006)

This paper presents the design of a low profile Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) omnidirectional antenna having a sharp frequency band notch at the frequency band ranging from 5 GHz to 6 GHz. The proposed antenna consists of an elliptical form element top loaded by a circular hat which is shorted to the circular ground plane by two symmetrical wires. The notch filtering is realized by inserting two half wavelength thin arc shaped slots with different resonant frequencies which couple together to form a wider frequency bandwidth with sharp rejection.
Experimental analysis by site-directed mutagenesis of somatic mutation effects on affinity and fine specificity in antibodies specific for lysozyme (1992)

To experimentally examine the functional roles of somatically derived structural variation in the lysozyme-binding mAb HyHEL-10, we have introduced three different point mutations and one insertion at two different sites in HyHEL-10 by site-directed mutagenesis and expression of the mutant antibodies. Mutation of Asp----Ala at position 101 of the H chain returns a somatically mutated residue to its germline sequence for HyHEL-10, and reduces affinity for chicken lysozyme by approximately 9000-fold. Lengthening the third H chain hypervariable region by two amino acids reduces affinity by about 2000-fold. Two mutations, Asp----Thr at position 101 in the H chain and Lys----Thr at position 49 in the L chain, model somatic differences found in another structurally related but functionally distinguishable mAb and minimally decrease affinity for chicken lysozyme. The H chain mutation Asp101VVH----Thr has little effect on affinity for other avian lysozymes but does alter relative fine specificity for these lysozymes. The L chain mutation Lys49VK----Thr increases affinity for duck lysozyme by approximately fivefold. Neither of the positions mutated, 101 in the H chain nor 49 in the L chain, nor the residues near the insertion contact lysozyme in the x-ray structure of the HyHEL-10 F(ab)-HEL complex. The results suggest that these mutations, which model observed somatic mutations, produce functional variation by indirect or long-range effects.
Theoretical Study of Electrochemical and Electrochromic Properties of Novel Viologen Derivatives: Effects of Donors and π-Conjugation (2019)

We propose a linkage approach by merging ambipolar electrochromic (EC) materials in both π-acceptor-π (π-A-π) and donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) configurations and investigated their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties using density functional theory calculations. Here, we considered anthracene, toluene, and pyrene as π-conjugated molecules, triphenylamine (TPA) as a donor, and viologen as an acceptor moiety for π-A-π and D-A-D configurations. We have also explored the substitutional effects in the donor moiety on the overall electrochromism during both oxidation and reduction processes. Here, we mainly focused on the relationship between the structure, substitution of functional groups, electronic and spectral properties, as well as redox potential of the designed monomers. Our calculations indicate that the designed monomers have attractive absorption properties and show clear color switching upon the redox process. We find that the substitution of stronger electron-donating and π-spacer groups create new absorption peaks in the oxidation states. These designed viologen derivatives will be potential candidates, which can be used in both oxidation and reduction processes for upcoming EC devices.
Magnetization switching assisted by high-frequency-voltage-induced ferromagnetic resonance (2014)

Magnetization switching assisted by high-frequency voltage was demonstrated in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetization. Ferromagnetic resonance was excited by high-frequency voltage instead of by a high-frequency magnetic field. A frequency-dependent reduction in the switching field (coercive force) was clearly observed with a maximum reduction rate of more than 80% under a radio-frequency power application of 3 dBm. The developed technique can provide a novel approach to energy-assisted magnetization switching with low ohmic dissipation.
System Design for Optimizing Drug Infusions Using Cardiovascular Space Mapping for Acute Heart Failure (2022)

Acute heart failure is caused by various factors and requires multiple drug therapies to remedy underlying causes. Due to the complexity of pharmacologic effects of cardiovascular agents, few studies have theoretically addressed the multidrug optimization problem. This paper proposes a drug infusion system for acute heart failure that controls cardiovascular performance metrics (cardiac output, left atrial pressure, and mean arterial pressure) within desired ranges as dictated by the cardiovascular parameters (systemic vascular resistance, cardiac contractility, heart rate, and stressed blood volume). The key to our system design is modeling and controlling cardiovascular parameters to yield the desired cardiovascular metrics. A 'tailored drug infusion' technique controls parameters by solving the optimization problem in order to conquer the complexity of multi-dependencies and the different dosage limits among multiple drugs. A 'cardiovascular space mapping' technique identifies the desired parameters from the desired metrics by deriving the analytical solutions of the metrics as functions of the parameters. To facilitate clinical discussions, parameters were set to realistic values in 5,600 simulated patients. Our results showed not only that the optimized drug combinations and dosages controlled the cardiovascular metrics to within the desired ranges, but also that they mostly corresponded to the recommended clinical use guidelines. An additional value of our system is that it proactively predicts the limitations of the tailored drug therapy, which supports the clinical decision of pivoting to alternative treatment strategies such as mechanical circulatory support.
Real Sound Synthesis for Interactive Applications (2002)

Virtual environments such as games and animated and "real" movies require realistic sound effects that can be integrated by computer synthesis. The book emphasizes physical modeling of sound and focuses on real-world interactive sound effects. It is intended for game developers, graphics programmers, developers of virtual reality systems and traini