gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amperometric Gas SensorsA Review (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric Gas SensorsA ReviewJoseph R. Stetter and Jing LiView Author Information SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025-3493 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2, 352–366Publication Date (Web):January 18, 2008Publication History Received4 September 2007Published online18 January 2008Published inissue 1 February 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0681039https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0681039research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10418Altmetric-Citations358LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Electrolytes,Membranes,Oxygen,Sensors Get e-Alerts
High temperature monotonic and cyclic deformation in a directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy (1986)

Directionally solidified (DS) MAR-M246+Hf was tested in tension and fatigue, at temperatures from 20 C to 1093 C. Tests were performed on (001) oriented specimens at strain rates of 50 % and 0.5 % per minute. In tension, the yield strength was constant up to 704 C, above which the strength dropped off rapidly. A strong dependence of strength on strain rate was seen at the higher temperatures. The deformation mode was observed to change from heterogeneous to homogeneous with increasing temperature. Low Cycle Fatigue tests were done using a fully reversed waveform and total strain control. For a given plastic strain range, lives increased with increasing temperature. For a given temperature strain rate had a strong effect on life. At 704 C, decreasing strain rates decreased life, while at the higher temperatures, decreasing strain rates increased life, for a given plastic strain range. These results could be explained through considerations of the deformation modes and stress levels. At the higher temperatures, marked coarsening caused beneficial stress reductions, but oxidation limited the life. The longitudinal grain boundaries were found to influence slip behavior. The degree of secondary slip adjacent to the boundaries was found to be related to the degree of misorientation between the grains.
Antipsychotic adjunctive therapy to mood stabilizers and 1‐year rehospitalization rates in bipolar disorder: A cohort study (2016)

Atypical antipsychotic adjunctive therapy to MSs may be more effective than MS monotherapy in preventing rehospitalization during the 1-year period after a BD manic episode.
In-Memory-Searching Architecture Based on 3D-NAND Technology with Ultra-high Parallelism (2020)

We present an in-memory-searching (IMS) architecture which features ultra-high parallel operation. It is based-on high-density, low-power, and low-cost 3D-NAND technology. The IMS unit cell composition, operation algorithm, and array structures are discussed in detail. Reliability concerns including program/read disturbance and retention issues are evaluated and solutions provided. The proposed novel coding scheme can not only provide flexibility to the searching function but also help to improve reliability. An application example on machine learning with k-NN model is demonstrated with good results. The IMS searching efficiency can evolve along with the 3D-NAND technology and is promising to play a key role in the future memory-centric computing systems.
Sequence-Based Methods for Identifying Epidemiologically Linked Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Strains (2006)

Traditional methods for confirming the identity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates use restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). However, RFLP is less amenable to high-throughput analyses of many samples, and the extent to which small differences in RFLP patterns distinguish between different viral strains remains unclear. Viral HSV type 2 (HSV-2) DNA isolates from 14 persons experiencing a primary HSV-2 infection and from their sexual partners were analyzed by RFLP and heteroduplex mobility assays. We also compared the HSV-2 sequences from seven regions, including noncoding regions between UL19 and UL20, UL24 and UL25, UL37 and UL38, and UL41 and UL42 and coding segments of the gC, gB, and gG genes. Although the resulting RFLP patterns of the couples were almost identical, minor banding differences existed between the source and susceptible partners in five couples. Heteroduplex mobility assays were unable to distinguish between unrelated strains. Overall, 22 sites of sequence variation were found in 1,482 bp of analyzed sequence. The DNA sequences differentiated between all unrelated infections, and epidemiologically related isolates had identical sequences in all but two pairs. Our results suggest that a multilocus assay based on several DNA sequences has the potential to be an informative tool for identifying epidemiologically related HSV-2 strains.
Loss of Cell-Surface Laminin Anchoring Promotes Tumor Growth and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes (2012)

Perturbations in the composition and assembly of extracellular matrices (ECM) contribute to progression of numerous diseases, including cancers. Anchoring of laminins at the cell surface enables assembly and signaling of many ECMs, but the possible contributions of altered laminin anchoring to cancer progression remain undetermined. In this study, we investigated the prominence and origins of defective laminin anchoring in cancer cells and its association with cancer subtypes and clinical outcomes. We found loss of laminin anchoring to be widespread in cancer cells. Perturbation of laminin anchoring originated from several distinct defects, which all led to dysfunctional glycosylation of the ECM receptor dystroglycan. In aggressive breast and brain cancers, defective laminin anchoring was often due to suppressed expression of the glycosyltransferase LARGE. Reduced expression of LARGE characterized a broad array of human tumors in which it was associated with aggressive cancer subtypes and poor clinical outcomes. Notably, this defect robustly predicted poor survival in patients with brain cancers. Restoring LARGE expression repaired anchoring of exogenous and endogenous laminin and modulated cell proliferation and tumor growth. Together, our findings suggest that defects in laminin anchoring occur commonly in cancer cells, are characteristic of aggressive cancer subtypes, and are important drivers of disease progression.
Single-molecule superresolution imaging allows quantitative analysis of RAF multimer formation and signaling (2013)

The RAF serine/threonine kinases regulate cell growth through the MAPK pathway, and are targeted by small-molecule RAF inhibitors (RAFis) in human cancer. It is now apparent that protein multimers play an important role in RAF activation and tumor response to RAFis. However, the exact stoichiometry and cellular location of these multimers remain unclear because of the lack of technologies to visualize them. In the present work, we demonstrate that photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), in combination with quantitative spatial analysis, provides sufficient resolution to directly visualize protein multimers in cells. Quantitative PALM imaging showed that CRAF exists predominantly as cytoplasmic monomers under resting conditions but forms dimers as well as trimers and tetramers at the cell membrane in the presence of active RAS. In contrast, N-terminal truncated CRAF (CatC) lacking autoinhibitory domains forms constitutive dimers and occasional tetramers in the cytoplasm, whereas a CatC mutant with a disrupted CRAF-CRAF dimer interface does not. Finally, artificially forcing CRAF to the membrane by fusion to a RAS CAAX motif induces multimer formation but activates RAF/MAPK only if the dimer interface is intact. Together, these quantitative results directly confirm the existence of RAF dimers and potentially higher-order multimers and their involvement in cell signaling, and showed that RAF multimer formation can result from multiple mechanisms and is a critical but not sufficient step for RAF activation.
Toughening Glassy Poly(lactide) with Block Copolymer Micelles (2016)

Poly(lactide) (PLA), a compostable bioderived polyester, can be produced at a cost and scale that makes it an attractive replacement for nondegradable petroleum-derived thermoplastics. However, pristine PLA is brittle and unsuitable for use in applications where high impact strength and ductility are required. In this work we demonstrate that poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) in the glassy state can be toughened significantly via addition of an amphiphilic diblock polymer. Notably, a PLLA blend containing only 5 wt% poly(ethylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO) exhibited tensile toughness and notched Izod impact strength over an order of magnitude higher than neat amorphous PLLA without a significant reduction in transparency or elastic modulus. For a series of PLLA blends containing PEO-PBO of fixed composition (∼70% volume fraction PBO), the toughness was inversely related to the molar mass of the added modifier with the highest toughness observed for the blend containing the smallest diblock (∼7 kg/mol). Interestingly, at fixed composition and molar mass poly(l-lactide)-<i>b</i>-poly(butylene oxide) (PLLA-PBO) exhibited a substantial but reduced toughening efficiency compared to PEO-PBO. We attribute this difference to a change in the solubility parameter of the amphiphilc block. Using TEM, we show that the greatest toughening is observed when the diblock modifier forms small cylindrical micelles that are well dispersed in the PLLA matrix. This morphology is facilitated by a negative Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) between PEO and PLLA. These insights suggest a new and versatile strategy for the facile and efficient toughening of brittle thermoplastics.
Visual Tracking by Continuous Density Propagation in Sequential Bayesian Filtering Framework (2009)

Particle filtering is frequently used for visual tracking problems since it provides a general framework for estimating and propagating probability density functions for nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamic systems. However, this algorithm is based on a Monte Carlo approach and the cost of sampling and measurement is a problematic issue, especially for high-dimensional problems. We describe an alternative to the classical particle filter in which the underlying density function has an analytic representation for better approximation and effective propagation. The techniques of density interpolation and density approximation are introduced to represent the likelihood and the posterior densities with Gaussian mixtures, where all relevant parameters are automatically determined. The proposed analytic approach is shown to perform more efficiently in sampling in high-dimensional space. We apply the algorithm to real-time tracking problems and demonstrate its performance on real video sequences as well as synthetic examples.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II) Complexes of Cysteinyldopa and Benzothiazine Model Ligands Related to Pheomelanin (2006)

A new cysteinyldopa model ligand Cydo {3-[(2-aminoethyl)sulfanyl]-4,6-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol} was prepared and its reactivity with Cu(II) explored. Under anaerobic conditions, tetranuclear [Cu4(Cydo)4] is isolated, but in the presence of O2, a benzothiazine intermediate accumulates that is trapped as the Cu(II) complex [Cu(zine)2]. Under slightly different reaction conditions, the benzothiazine further oxidizes to benzothiazole (zole). All three compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the reactions were monitored spectrophotometrically.
Classification of a large collection of whistles from Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) (2010)

The whistle repertoires of some dolphin species have been characterised and classified both qualitatively and quantitatively [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; however, given the extensive range of the species relatively little is known about the acoustic repertoire of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis [6, 7], particularly those in South-east Asia. Quantitative classification methods have been developed using sub-sets of S. Chinensis whistles [8, 9, 10] but research aimed at classifying a more complete whistle repertoire of S. Chinensis through quantitative classification methods has not been reported. To address this, whistles produced underwater by six Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins kept by Underwater World Singapore Pte. Ltd. at Dolphin Lagoon, Sentosa, Singapore were recorded. The acoustic recordings were de-noised and the whistles `traced' from the spectrogram time/frequency representation. They were then classified using PCA and k-means clustering.
A new synthesis of anthraquinones using dihydro-oxazoles and Grignard reagents derived from Mg(anthracene)(THF)3 (1990)

A general synthesis of anthraquinones which depends on the displacement of the methoxy group from an o-methoxyaryldihydro-oxazole by a methoxy substituted benzylmagnesium chloride, generated by using a magnesium–anthracene complex, has been developed. The masked benzylbenzoic acids which result from these reactions are deprotected and then ring-closed to anthrones which on oxidation yield anthraquinones. In this way, the following naturally occurring anthraquinones (or derivatives thereof have been synthesized): chrysophanol (9), islandicin (19), digitopurpone (21), tri-O-methylemodin (26), and di-O-methylsoranjidiol (29).
Modelling of actinide precipitation processes (2011)

Precipitation operations are usually applied in nuclear industry to separate, purify, concentrate or get a stable and storable product. Due to their later handling and use, precipitates have to meet strict requirements. Precipitation reactions being highly sensitive to many operation parameters, the computer simulation appears to be a very effective tool to predict the evolutions of the system subjected to various operating conditions, especially in nuclear environment where experiments are limited. That is why the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission develops a modelling of actinide precipitation processes. The objective of this article is to describe the modelling approach through its application to the tetravalent uranium oxalic precipitation. The precipitation operation modelling is obtained by combining both kinetic laws and hydrodynamic model of the precipitator. Kinetic studies allow to identify the mechanisms and to determine the kinetic laws associated. So, for the tetravalent uranium oxalate, primary nucleation, crystal growth and agglomeration kinetics have been obtained over a wide range of operating conditions. The primary nucleation was studied in a specific apparatus patented by the French Atomic Energy Commission, AREVA and the Reactions and Process Engineering Laboratory. It has been shown to achieve very efficient micromixing, inferior to the millisecond. The crystal growth process was found to be controlled by the surface integration into the crystal lattice, according to a screw dislocation mechanism. The agglomeration kernel appears to be principally influenced by both supersaturation and temperature. From the hydrodynamic point of view, the reactor considered in this study is a vortex reactor operating in the fuel reprocessing industry. Due to the absence of baffles, the flow inside cannot be assumed well mixed and a hydrodynamic model was developed using Computational Fluid Dynamic. The turbulence being highly anisotropic, the model is based on the Large Eddy Simulation approach, which gives unsteady flow field. These kinetic laws and the hydrodynamic model are used to solve the population balance that describes dynamics of the precipitation system. It allows the particle differentiation according to their size L and the follow of the crystal size evolution with time. The global modelling developed is then applied to show how flow field inside the reactor can have a noticeable effect on the mean crystal sizes. The modelling presented here is applied to study other precipitation processes, such as the actinide co-precipitation processes. (author)
ChemInform Abstract: Developing a General Strategy for the Solid Supported Synthesis of Heterocycles: Applications to the Generation of Molecular Diversity and Drug Discovery (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PIMCD Mythos. Mito e imagen en la Antigüedad Clásica y sus pervivencias (V) (2021)

Memoria del PIMCD Mythos V, continuacion de los proyectos anteriores, con el que pretendemos impulsar el estudio de la Iconografia Clasica a traves de un repositorio de materiales didacticos (ODA) y otras actividades asociadas al mismo, trasladadas a formato multimedia.
Discovery of a New Series of Potent and Selective Linear Tachykinin NK2 Receptor Antagonists (2007)

Starting from 1 (MEN14268), a selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist with an interesting in vitro pharmacological profile, a family of numerous antagonists was obtained through an optimization process focused on iterated structural modifications. The effects of the introduction of a wide variety of substituents on the lipophilic aromatic part of the molecule and the modulation of the structural constraint through the insertion of different achiral alpha,alpha-dialkylamino acids were investigated. In particular, aromatic and benzofused heteroaromatic moieties were introduced at the pseudo-N-terminal residue to replace the 2-benzothiophene moiety, and a systematic investigation of the best positioning of substituents onto the aromatic platform was reported for the benzothiophene core. Studies on the modulation of the length and the rigidity of the hydrophilic pseudo-C-terminal pendant are presented. Many heteroaliphatic groups are well tolerated by the receptor in this part of the ligand. The product 48f (MEN15596), bearing a methyl substituent on the benzothiophene and a tetrahydropyranylmethylpiperidine pendant, was finally selected for its good in vivo activity after intravenous, intraduodenal, and oral administration in guinea pigs.
High-efficiency thin-film InGaP/InGaAs/Ge tandem solar cells enabled by controlled spalling technology (2012)

In this letter, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the controlled spalling technology for producing high-efficiency (28.7%) thin-film InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge tandem solar cells. The controlled spalling technique was employed to separate the as-grown solar cell structure from the host Ge wafer followed by its transfer to an arbitrary Si support substrate. The structural and electrical properties of the thin-film tandem cells were examined and compared against those on the original bulk Ge substrate. The comparison of the electrical data suggests the equivalency in cell parameters for both the thin-film (spalled) and bulk (non-spalled) cells, confirming that the controlled spalling technology does maintain the integrity of all layers in such an elaborate solar cell structure.
Development of a New Foundation Unit in Engineering (2008)

Abstract: We present our experiences in the design and delivery of a foundation unit for first-year students in electronic engineering and related specialisations. The aim of the unit was to provide engineering students with foundation skills for their subsequent engineering studies, with an emphasis on communication skills, working in groups, and design. The unit development process commenced as part of a project to introduce engineering academics to problem-based learning, with the development of the foundation unit set as a workshop project. The project had limited success in the latter context, however the resulting foundation unit proved very popular with most students.
Implementation and verification of a four-probe motion error measurement system for a large-scale roll lathe used in hybrid manufacturing (2017)

In this paper, a four-probe measurement system is implemented and verified for the carriage slide motion error measurement of a large-scale roll lathe used in hybrid manufacturing where a laser machining probe and a diamond cutting tool are placed on two sides of a roll workpiece for manufacturing. The motion error of the carriage slide of the roll lathe is composed of two straightness motion error components and two parallelism motion error components in the vertical and horizontal planes. Four displacement measurement probes, which are mounted on the carriage slide with respect to four opposing sides of the roll workpiece, are employed for the measurement. Firstly, based on the reversal technique, the four probes are moved by the carriage slide to scan the roll workpiece before and after a 180-degree rotation of the roll workpiece. Taking into consideration the fact that the machining accuracy of the lathe is influenced by not only the carriage slide motion error but also the gravity deformation of the large-scale roll workpiece due to its heavy weight, the vertical motion error is thus characterized relating to the deformed axis of the roll workpiece. The horizontal straightness motion error can also be synchronously obtained based on the reversal technique. In addition, based on an error separation algorithm, the vertical and horizontal parallelism motion error components are identified by scanning the rotating roll workpiece at the start and the end positions of the carriage slide, respectively. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed motion error measurement system are demonstrated by the experimental results and the measurement uncertainty analysis.
Conductive Polymers: Synergistically Improved Molecular Doping and Carrier Mobility by Copolymerization of Donor–Acceptor and Donor–Donor Building Blocks for Thermoelectric Application (Adv. Funct. Mater. 40/2020) (2020)

A drop in carrier mobility at high doping levels dramatically hampers the improvement of thermoelectric performance of conductive polymers. In article number 2004378, Hui Li, Lidong Chen, and co-workers propose a new strategy to synergistically improve carrier mobility and molecular doping by randomly copolymerizing donor-acceptor type and donor-donor type building blocks along a polymer backbone. The controllable polymer structure and miscibility with dopants allow random polymers valuable applications as flexible and high-performance thermoelectric materials.