gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memristor fabrication and characterization: an adaptive coded aperture imaging and sensing opportunity (2010)

The memristor, experimentally verified for the first time in 2008, is one of four fundamental passive circuit elements (the others being resistors, capacitors, and inductors). Development and characterization of memristor devices and the design of novel computing architectures based on these devices can potentially provide significant advances in intelligence processing systems for a variety of applications including image processing, robotics, and machine learning. In particular, adaptive coded aperture (diffraction) sensing, an emerging technology enabling real-time, wide-area IR/visible sensing and imaging, could benefit from new high performance biologically inspired image processing architectures based on memristors. In this paper, we present results from the fabrication and characterization of memristor devices utilizing titanium oxide dielectric layers in a parallel plate conuration. Two versions of memristor devices have been fabricated at the University of Dayton and the Air Force Research Laboratory utilizing varying thicknesses of the TiO<sub>2</sub> dielectric layers. Our results show that the devices do exhibit the characteristic hysteresis loop in their I-V plots.
Left atrial appendage occlusion (2023)

Prevention of stroke represents a goal of primary importance in health systems due to its associated morbidity and mortality. As several patient groups with increased stroke rates have been identified, multiple approaches have been developed and implemented: oral anticoagulation (OAC) for patients with atrial fibrillation, surgical and percutaneous revascularisation in patients with carotid disease, device closure for patients with patent foramen ovale, and now, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) for selected patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The latter group of patients are the focus of this review which evaluates the pathophysiology, selection of patients, procedural performance, outcomes of treatment both during and post-procedure, adjunctive therapy, complications, and longer-term outcomes.
Deformation-Induced Mobility in Polymer Glasses during Multistep Creep Experiments and Simulations (2009)

Optical photobleaching experiments and molecular dynamics computer simulations were used to investigate changes in segmental mobility during tensile creep deformation of polymer glasses. Experiments were performed on lightly cross-linked PMMA, and the simulations utilized a coarse-grained model. For both single-step and multistep creep deformations, the experiments and simulations show remarkably similar trends, with changes of mobility during deformation exceeding a factor of 100. Both experiment and simulation show a strong correlation between strain rate and mobility in single-step creep. However, in multistep creep, the correlation between strain rate and mobility is broken in both experiment and simulation; this emphasizes that no simple mechanical variable is likely to exhibit a simple relationship with molecular mobility universally. Both simulations and experiments show many features that are inconsistent with the Eyring model.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-antibody (504B3) validation by free-solution assay and interferometry identifies off-target binding (2020)

Abstract Antibody specificity and sensitivity is required in basic and clinical research for ensuring scientific rigor and reproducibility, while off-target cross-reactivity could generate erroneous conclusions. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid being targeted clinically by antibody strategies. Here, we reexamined binding properties of a commercially available monoclonal antibody (504B3) reported as specific for LPA using a free-solution assay measured in a compensated interferometric reader. The antibody showed comparable binding affinities to LPA and non-LPA lipids including phosphatidic acid (PA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). These results may alter conclusions drawn from current and past basic and clinical studies employing anti-LPA antibodies.
Evaluation of Aging of Cathode Material for Li-ion Batteries: LiFePO4 vs. LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Fc-dependent effector functions of neutrophils induced by hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibodies (2016)

Abstract Broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stalk have emerged as exciting new biotherapeutic tools to combat both seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. Our general understanding of the mechanisms by which stalk-specific antibodies achieve protection is rapidly evolving. It has recently been demonstrated that broadly neutralizing HA stalk-specific IgG antibodies require Fc-FcR interactions for optimal protection in vivo. Here we explore the relationship between such stalk-specific antibodies and neutrophils. Neutrophils represent a critical innate effector cell population and play an important role in orchestrating downstream adaptive responses to influenza virus infection. Yet, at present the interplay of HA stalk-specific IgG, Fc-FcR engagement, and neutrophils has remained largely uncharacterized. Using an in vitro assay to detect the production of reactive oxygen-species (ROS), we show that both human and mouse monoclonal HA stalk-specific IgG antibodies are able to induce the production of ROS in neutrophils, while antibodies specific to the HA head domain do not. Furthermore, our results indicate that the production of ROS is dependent on Fc receptor engagement and phagocytosis. We went on to assess the ability of monoclonal HA stalk-specific IgA antibodies to induce ROS. We found that monoclonal IgA lead to a greater induction of ROS as compared to monoclonal IgG. Our data demonstrate this activity is dependent on the engagement of FcαR1. Taken together our findings describe a novel FcR-dependent effector function induced by HA stalk-specific IgG and IgA antibodies.
Development of Terahertz backward wave oscillators (2004)

Summary form only given. Calabazas Creek Research, Inc.is funded by NASA to develop efficient, light-weight, backward wave oscillators (BWOs) for applications from 300 GHz to 1.5 THz. These devices are needed as local oscillator sources in heterodyne receivers. Above 100 GHz, only BWOs have broad tunability (over 100 GHz) and high output power (/spl sim/1 mW); however, existing sources are heavy, consume excessive power, require water cooling, and have poor output mode purity. The technical objectives of the current program are as follows: incorporate a depressed collector to improve the efficiency and eliminate water cooling; improve the electron gun and configuration of the circuit to increase interaction efficiency; improve the output coupling to increase mode purity; and reduce the magnet system size and weight. A solid model of the final BWO configuration is detailed in this paper. The BWO operates in a 1.1 Tesla, flat magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet. The device operates at 3000-6000 V and is predicted to produce 6-8 mW of RF power continuously from 600-700 GHz.
Comparative genomics among three cyst nematode species reveals distinct evolutionary histories among effector families and an irregular distribution of effector-associated promoter motifs (2021)

Abstract Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), an umbrella term used for two species, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis , belong worldwide to the most harmful pathogens of potato. Pathotype-specific host plant resistances are an essential handle for PCN control. However, the poor delineation of G. pallida pathotypes hampers the efficient use of available host plant resistances. Long-read sequencing technology allowed us to generate a new reference genome of G. pallida population D383 and, as compared to the current reference, the new genome assembly is 42 times less fragmented. For comparison of diversification patterns of six effector families between G. pallida and G. rostochiensis , an additional reference genome was generated for an outgroup, the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (IRS population). Large evolutionary contrasts in effector family topologies were observed. While VAPs diversified before the split between the three cyst nematode species, the families GLAND5 and GLAND13 only expanded in PCN after their separation from the genus Heterodera . Although DNA motifs in the promoter regions thought to be involved in the orchestration of effector expression (‘DOG boxes’) were present in all three cyst nematode species, their presence is not a necessity for dorsal gland-produced effectors. Notably, DOG box dosage was only loosely correlated with expression level of individual effector variants. Comparison of the G. pallida genome with those of two other cyst nematodes underlined the fundamental differences in evolutionary history between effector families. Re-sequencing of PCN populations with deviant virulence characteristics will allow for the linking of these characteristics with the composition of the effector repertoire as well as for the mapping of PCN diversification patterns resulting from extreme anthropogenic range expansion.
EndOxy: Dynamic Long-Term Evaluation of Endothelialized Gas Exchange Membranes for a Biohybrid Lung (2019)

In the concept of a biohybrid lung, endothelial cells seeded on gas exchange membranes form a non-thrombogenic an anti-inflammatory surface to overcome the lacking hemocompatibility of today's oxygenators during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. To evaluate this concept, the long-term stability and gas exchange performance of endothelialized RGD-conjugated polydimethylsiloxane (RGD-PDMS) membranes was evaluated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured on RGD-PDMS in a model system under physiological wall shear stress (WSS) of 0.5 Pa for up to 33 days. Gas exchange performance was tested with three biological replicates under elevated WSS of 2.5 Pa using porcine blood adjusted to venous values following ISO 7199 and blood gas analysis. EC morphology was assessed by immunocytochemistry (n = 3). RGD-PDMS promoted endothelialization and stability of endothelialized membranes was shown for at least 33 days and for a maximal WSS of 2.5 Pa. Short-term exposure to porcine blood did not affect EC integrity. The gas transfer tests provided evidence for the oxygenation and decarboxylation of the blood across endothelialized membranes with a decrease of transfer rates over time that needs to be addressed in further studies with larger sample sizes. Our results demonstrate the general suitability of RGD-PDMS for biohybrid lung applications, which might enable long-term support of patients with chronic lung failure in the future.
Nano-Chemical Infrared Imaging of Membrane Proteins in Lipid Bilayers (2013)

The spectroscopic characterization of biomolecular structures requires nanometer spatial resolution and chemical specificity. We perform full spatio-spectral imaging of dried purple membrane patches purified from Halobacterium salinarum with infrared vibrational scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). Using near-field spectral phase contrast based on the Amide I resonance of the protein backbone, we identify the protein distribution with 20 nm spatial resolution and few-protein sensitivity. This demonstrates the general applicability of s-SNOM vibrational nanospectroscopy, with potential extension to a wide range of biomolecular systems.
Effect of Fiber Strength and Fiber-Matrix Interface on Crack Bridging in Cement Composites (1999)

This article proposes a new theory for predicting the crack-bridging performance of random short fibers involved in cementitious composites. The current theoretical model for estimating crack bridging performance of random short fiber reinforced cement composites under tension is limited to specific constituent properties: friction-dominant fiber-matrix interface and complete fiber pull-out from matrix without rupture. The new theory extends this model by accounting for two often-encountered features in practice: fiber strength reduction and rupture in composites, and chemical bond–dominant fiber-matrix interface. The new theory was verified to capture important characteristics in bridging performance in comparison with composite tensile test data. As a result, the new theory forms an important foundation for developing high-performance random short fiber reinforced cement composites.
High and low affinity receptors for human interleukin for DA cells/leukemia inhibitory factor on human cells. Molecular characterization and cellular distribution. (1992)

Radioiodinated recombinant human interleukin DA (HILDA)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) purified from conditioned medium of Chinese hamster ovary transfected cells enabled the identification of specific receptor sites on a variety of human cell types. Using low concentrations (up to 500 pM) of the ligand iodinated at a high specific radioactivity, high affinity receptors (equilibrium dissociation constant Kd in the range of 30-100 pM) were first demonstrated. They were expressed at low levels by human peripheral blood monocytes but not by lymphocytes, NK cells, granulocytes, and platelets. The myelomonocytic cell line THP1 as well as the T lymphoma cell line HSB2 and the lymphoblastoid B cell line DAB were also receptor-negative. In contrast, most of the non-lymphoid tumoral cell lines tested, including melanomas, neuroblastomas, and carcinomas, expressed high affinity HILDA/LIF receptors at variable levels (Bmax from 20 to 600 sites/cell). The kinetics of HILDA/LIF high affinity binding to the choriocarcinoma JAR cell line were characterized at 4 degrees C with association and dissociation rate constants of k1 = 2.2 10(9) M-1 min-1 and k-1 = 0.0084 min-1, respectively, corresponding to a steady-state dissociation constant k1/k-1 = 3.8 pM. The subsequent use of higher concentrations of HILDA/LIF labeled at a lower specific radioactivity enabled the identification of a low affinity component on several cell lines (Kd in the range of 1-4 nM; Bmax from 1,000 to 5,000 sites/cell). On JAR cells, this low affinity component was characterized by association and dissociation rate constants at 4 degrees C of k1 = 7.3 10(7) M-1 min-1 and k-1 = 0.19 min-1, respectively (k-1/k1 = 2.6 nM). Affinity cross-linking of HILDA/LIF to JAR cells showed two cross-linked species under both reducing and nonreducing conditions corresponding to receptor species of 120 and 250 kDa, respectively. Whereas both bands had similar intensities under high affinity conditions, the higher band predominated under low affinity conditions. Our data suggest that the 250-kDa chain could constitute the low affinity binding component whereas the association of both 250- and 120-Da subunits would form the high affinity structure.
Enhanced Optical Nonlinearities in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate simultaneous generation of second-, third-, fourth-harmonic, sum-frequency, four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing processes in III-V semiconductor metasurfaces and show how to tailor second harmonic generation to zero-diffraction order via crystal orientation.
New application of holography and interferometry in temperature sensing (2000)

A new application of holography and interferometry in temperature sensing is proposed in this paper. Using holographic technique and electron lithography, a grating can be made in a fiber's end. This structure can be used to test the temperature change. By examining the interfering pattern of diffract lights of the grating, the temperature change can be calculated. If using the work wavelength of 1.55micrometers , the temperature testing range can theoretically be 1179 degree(s)C.
Designing Vaccines to Prevent Breast Cancer Recurrence or Invasive Disease (2015)

Although breast cancer has not historically been believed to be an immunogenic tumor, the importance of the role of the tumor immune environment is emerging for both in invasive and preinvasive breast cancer.
Shiga Toxin Type 1a (Stx1a) Reduces the Toxicity of the More Potent Stx2a In Vivo and In Vitro (2019)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) causes foodborne outbreaks of bloody diarrhea. There are two major types of immunologically distinct Stxs: Stx1a and Stx2a. Stx1a is more cytotoxic to Vero cells than Stx2a, but Stx2a has a lower 50% lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) in mice. Epidemiological data suggest that infections by STEC strains that produce only Stx2a progress more often to a life-threatening sequela of infection called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) than isolates that make Stx1a only or produce both Stx1a and Stx2a. In this study, we found that an <i>E. coli</i> O26:H11 strain that produces both Stx1a and Stx2a was virulent in streptomycin- and ciprofloxacin-treated mice and that mice were protected by administration of an anti-Stx2 antibody. However, we discovered that in the absence of ciprofloxacin, neutralization of Stx1a enhanced the virulence of the strain, a result that corroborated our previous finding that Stx1a reduces the toxicity of Stx2a by the oral route. We further found that intraperitoneal administration of the purified Stx1a B subunit delayed the mean time to death of mice intoxicated with Stx2a and reduced the cytotoxic effect of Stx2a on Vero cells. Taken together, our data suggest that Stx1a reduces both the pathogenicity of Stx2 <i>in vivo</i> and cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i>.
Automated assessment of whole‐body adipose tissue depots from continuously moving bed MRI: A feasibility study (2009)

Automated and manual VAT results correlated strongly. The assessments of all depots were highly reproducible. The acquisition and postprocessing techniques presented are likely useful in obesity related studies.
Low-complexity blind timing synchronization for ACO-OFDM-based optical wireless communications (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel technique for coarse timing synchronization for Asymmetrically-Clipped Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) systems. This technique is tailored specifically for the ACO-OFDM waveform, and performs coarse symbol timing synchronization without the need for training data. By using a specific symmetry property of the ACO-OFDM time-domain signal, the method can achieve accurate symbol timing synchronization with very low implementation complexity. Simulation results confirm this, and also show that the cyclic prefix-based correlation methods used commonly in traditional OFDM systems, such as 802.11×, cannot be applied to ACO-OFDM systems. The proposed method, therefore, provides an ideal replacement for the cyclic prefix-based method for future systems employing ACO-OFDM.
In vivo assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis (1999)

To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tumor microvascularity is detectable by in vivo NMR imaging, an experimental study was conducted in nude mice. Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and MCF-7 cells stably transfected with the cDNA for the VEGF165 isoform (MV165) were grown in nude mice and models were characterized by RT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and NMR imaging using a novel synthetic protected graft copolymer (PGC) as a vascular probe. MV165 tumors showed a 1.6-fold higher microvascular density by histology. Both tumors showed identical MR signal intensities on non-contrast and Gd-DTPA enhanced images. PGC enhanced MR imaging of tumoral vascular volume fraction (VVF), however, revealed significant differences between the 2 tumor types (MV165: 8.9 +/- 2.1; MCF-7: 1.7 +/- 0.5; p < 0.003), as expected from histology. VVF changes were more heterogeneous in the MV165 model both among tumors as well as within tumors as determined 3-dimensionally at submillimeter resolutions. Our results have potential applications for non-invasive assessment of angiogenesis by in vivo imaging and for clinical monitoring during angiogenic therapies.
Long‐Lived 1H Nuclear Spin Singlet in Dimethyl Maleate Revealed by Addition of Thiols (2014)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become important techniques in many research areas. One major limitation is the relatively low sensitivity of these methods, which recently has been addressed by hyperpolarization. However, once hyperpolarization is imparted on a molecule, the magnetization typically decays within relatively short times. Singlet states are well isolated from the environment, such that they acquire long lifetimes. We describe herein a model reaction for read‐out of a hyperpolarized long‐lived state in dimethyl maleate using thiol conjugate addition. This type of reaction could lend itself to monitoring oxidative stress or hypoxia by sensitive detection of thiols. Similar reactions could be used in biosensors or assays that exploit molecular switching. Singlet lifetimes of about 4.7 min for 1 H spins in [D 4 ]MeOH are seen in this system.
Photoacid Generating Ligands for Development of Positive-Tone Directly Photopatternable Metal Complexes (2011)

Photoacid generating ligands, 4-(2-nitrobenzy-loxycarbonyl)catechol and 4-(6-nitroveratryloxycarbonyl)catechol, and indium tin and titanium complexes thereof, were synthesized. These metal complexes perform as positive-tone, directly photopatternable indium tin oxide (ITO) or titanium oxide film precursors. After exposure, acid-bearing selectively soluble complexes could be removed to give patterned films upon developing in aqueous base, which were transformable to the corresponding pattern-preserving metal oxide film. Micropatterning of ITO and titanium oxide films was accomplished with the photoreactivity of the 2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (NBOC) and 6-nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVOC) moiety bearing ligands.
On the Comparative Stability of Li and Na Metal Anode Interfaces in Conventional Alkyl Carbonate Electrolytes (2015)

A comparative study of the electrode/electrolyte interface was carried out for lithium and sodium metal anodes in electrolytes consisting in 1 M LiPF6 in EC0.5:DMC0.5 (LP30) and 1 M NaPF6 in both EC0.5:DMC0.5 and EC0.45PC0.45DMC0.1. Symmetric Li/Li cells exhibited low polarization and smooth charge discharge curves with current densities of 0.1 and 1 mA/cm2. In contrast, large overpotentials were observed even at 0.1 mA/cm2 for Na/Na cells. Such differences cannot be related to ionic conductivity of the electrolytes but are rather due to an enhanced interfacial resistance (Rct + RSEI) as deduced from impedance measurements. The composition of the SEI layer was investigated by FTIR and found to be stable for Li electrodes but to evolve upon cycling for Na electrodes which is also in agreement with differences in surface morphology detected by SEM. A lower stability (partial solubility) of the SEI would also enable to understand the differences in the impedance of identical hard carbon (HC) electrodes in cells with either Li or Na counterelectrodes. These results cast some concerns on the reliability of the so termed half cell characterization and call for caution when interpreting the results of potential electrode materials for sodium ion batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Adociasulfates 1—6, Inhibitors of Kinesin Motor Proteins from the Sponge Haliclona (aka Adocia) sp. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.