gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
:Hydrogen Doping Oxide Transistors: Analysis of Ultrahigh Apparent Mobility in Oxide Field‐Effect Transistors (Adv. Sci. 7/2019) (2019)

In article number 1801189, Chuan Liu and co-workers present hydrogen doped IGZO thin-film transistors induced by simple SINX encapsulation which exhibits substantially enhanced current and stability. Combing photoelectron spectroscopy, potential mapping and simulation, the nonuniform carrier distribution is revealed as the cause for the ultra-high current and apparent device mobility, which is 40 times higher than the carrier mobility.
EDU 1: CENS Graduate and Undergraduate Education Programs (2006)

CENS programs are designed to create an educational pipeline to graduate school, provide support and development to our graduate student affiliates and increase the diversity of our Center and those pursuing education and careers in science and engineering.
Noncontact Vital Sign Sensing Under Nonperiodic Body Movement Using a Novel Frequency-Locked-Loop Radar (2021)

Most conventional vital-sign radars cannot easily detect human vital sign signals under nonperiodic body movement. This article presents a novel frequency-locked loop (FLL) radar that can track the phase changes that are caused by nonperiodic body movement. A gain/phase detector and a cross correlation function (CCF) in the FLL radar greatly reduce the second harmonic, the intermodulation terms between vital sign signals and nonperiodic body movement noise, enhancing both the signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy of detection of the vital signs. Measurements indicated that the implemented 2.4-GHz FLL radar with a gain/phase detector and CCF can effectively detect the human respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) under nonperiodic body movement. Using a chest belt as the measurement reference, the standard deviation (SD) of RR and HR measurements were 1.27 and 5.69 beats/min, respectively, when the seated subject under test (SUT) swung nonperiodically his upper body. When the SUT walked away from the radar naturally at 2.6 km/h, the implemented FLL radar measured RR and HR with SDs of 2.67 and 8.28 beats/min, respectively.
Hypoxia reveals posterior thalamic, cerebellar, midbrain, and limbic deficits in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (2004)

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients show deficient respiratory and cardiac responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, despite apparently intact arousal responses to hypercapnia and adequate respiratory motor mechanisms, thus providing a model to evaluate functioning of particular brain mechanisms underlying breathing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess blood oxygen level-dependent signals, corrected for global signal changes, and evaluated them with cluster and volume-of-interest procedures, during a baseline and 2-min hypoxic (15% O(2), 85% N(2)) challenge in 14 CCHS and 14 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Hypoxia elicited significant (P < 0.05) differences in magnitude and timing of responses between groups in cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei, posterior thalamic structures, limbic areas (including the insula, amygdala, ventral anterior thalamus, and right hippocampus), dorsal and ventral midbrain, caudate, claustrum, and putamen. Deficient responses to hypoxia included no, or late, changes in CCHS patients with declining signals in control subjects, a falling signal in CCHS patients with no change in controls, or absent early transient responses in CCHS. Hypoxia resulted in signal declines but no group differences in hypothalamic and dorsal medullary areas, the latter being a target for PHOX2B, mutations of which occur in the syndrome. The findings extend previously identified posterior thalamic, midbrain, and cerebellar roles for normal mediation of hypoxia found in animal fetal and adult preparations and suggest significant participation of limbic structures in responding to hypoxic challenges, which likely include cardiovascular and air-hunger components. Failing structures in CCHS include areas additional to those associated with PHOX2B expression and chemoreceptor sites.
Novel Dicationic Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as Antiprotozoal Agents (2004)

2-[5-(4-Amidinophenyl)-furan-2-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamidine acetate salt (7) was synthesized from 2-[5-(4-cyanophenyl)-furan-2-yl]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (4a), through the bis-O-acetoxyamidoxime followed by hydrogenation in glacial acetic acid. Compound 4a was obtained in four steps starting with two successive brominations of 2-acetylfuran first with N-bromosuccinimide, and second with bromine to form alpha-bromo-2-acetyl-5-bromofuran (2) in a moderate yield. The product (3a), of the condensation reaction between 6-amino-nicotinonitrile and 2, undergoes Suzuki coupling with 4-cyanophenylboronic acid to furnish 4a in good yield. Acetate salt of 2-[5-(4-amidinophenyl)-furan-2-yl]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamidine (8a) was obtained from 4a, through the bis-O-acetoxyamidoxime followed by hydrogenation in a mixture of ethanol/ethyl acetate. N-Methoxy-2-(5-[4-(N-methoxyamidino)-phenyl]-furan-2-yl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamidine (6) was prepared via methylation of the respective diamidoxime 5a with dimethyl sulfate. By these approaches eight new diamidines and four potential prodrugs were prepared. All of the diamidines showed strong DNA affinities as judged by high DeltaT(m) values. Six of the eight diamidines gave in vitro IC(50) values of 63 nM or less vs T. b. rhodesiense with two exhibiting values of 6 nM and 1 nM. Also, six of the eight diamidines gave in vitro IC(50) values of 88 nM or less vs P. falciparum with two exhibiting values of 14 nM. Excellent in vivo activity in the trypanosomal STIB900 mouse model was found for five of the diamidines on ip dosage; these compounds gave 4/4 cures in this model. The oral activity of the prodrugs was modest with only one showing 2/4 cures in the same mouse model.
Structure and inhibitor binding characterization of oncogenic MLLT1 mutants (2021)

Abstract Dysfunction of YEATS-domain-containing MLLT1, an acetyl/acyl-lysine dependent epigenetic reader domain, has been implicated in the development of aggressive cancers. Mutations in the YEATS domain have been recently reported as a cause of MLLT1 aberrant reader function. However, structural basis for the reported alterations in affinity for acetyled/acylated histone has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of both insertion and substitution present in cancer, revealing significant conformational changes of the YEATS-domain loop 8. Structural comparison demonstrates that such alteration not only altered the binding interface for acetylated/acylated histones, but the sequence alterations in the T1 loop may enable dimeric assembly consistent inducing self-association behavior. Nevertheless, we show that also the MLLT1 mutants can be targeted by developed acetyllysine mimetic inhibitors with affinities similarly to wild type. Our report provides a structural basis for the altered behaviors and potential strategy for targeting oncogenic MLLT1 mutants.
A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor (2015)

Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital signals for tactile sensing in which the intensity of stimulation is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital frequency signals directly. The output frequency ranges between 0 and 200 hertz, with a sublinear response to increasing force stimuli that mimics slow-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. The output of the sensors was further used to stimulate optogenetically engineered mouse somatosensory neurons of mouse cortex in vitro, achieving stimulated pulses in accordance with pressure levels. This work represents a step toward the design and use of large-area organic electronic skins with neural-integrated touch feedback for replacement limbs.
Open-ended Knowledge Tracing for Programming Exercises (2022)

Knowledge tracing refers to the problem of estimating each student’s knowledge component/skill mastery level from their past responses to questions in educational applications. One direct benefit knowledge tracing methods provide is the ability to predict each student’s performance on the future questions. However, one key limitation of most existing knowledge tracing methods is that they treat student responses to questions as binary-valued, i.e., whether the responses are correct or incorrect. Response correctness analysis/prediction is easy to navigate but loses important information, especially for open-ended questions: the exact student responses can potentially provide much more information about their knowledge states than only response correctness. In this paper, we present our first exploration into open-ended knowledge tracing (OKT), i.e., the analysis and prediction of students’ open-ended responses to questions in the knowledge tracing setup. We detail OKT’s application to the domain of computer science education with programming exercises. We conduct a series of quantitative and qualitative experiments to test the boundaries of OKT on the real-world dataset for the Second CSEDM Data Challenge.
SRIF: Scalable and Reliable Integrate and Fire Circuit ADC for Memristor-Based CIM Architectures (2021)

Emerging computation-in-memory (CIM) paradigm offers processing and storage of data at the same physical location, thus alleviating critical memory-processor communication bottlenecks suffered by conventional von-Neumann architecture. Storage of data in a CIM architecture is analog in nature and therefore computation is performed in analog domain i.e. inputs and outputs are analog values. Since the outside computing environment is digital, analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are utilized to perform the output data conversion. However, ADC designs are bulky, power-hungry circuits that are prone to design variations and therefore, play an important role in determining the computing efficiency of CIM architectures. In this paper, we present a scalable and reliable integrate and fire circuit ADC (SRIF-ADC) design for CIM architectures, suitable for stringent power and area constraints. We devise a technique to stabilize the node receiving analog inputs that allows more rows to be activated at the same time, thereby increasing the operand size of input vectors. This allows better scalability in terms of higher parallelism of operations. We employ a self-timed variation-aware design approach and design measures to drastically reduce read disturb of memristor devices that address reliability issues related to the ADC design. In addition, we present a compact, built-in sample-and-hold circuit to replace the large-sized capacitance and built-in weighting technique to alleviate the need for post-processing. For multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operation, our simulation results show that we can improve the computational parallelism by 3X as well as ADC conversion speed and energy efficiency are improved by 2X and 11.6X, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art design.
Digitale Trägermodulationsverfahren (1995)

In den bisherigen Modellen zur Übertragung binärer Nachrichten wurde der jeweilige Datenkanal durch die auftretende Bitfehlerwahrscheinlichkeit p b charakterisiert, das Übertragungsmodell des symmetrischen Binärkanals verwendet und mit dem folgenden Bild anschaulich dargestellt.
Implementation of an FPGA-based low-power video processing module for a head-mounted display system (2013)

Portable head-mounted display (HMD) systems must balance functionality against battery life. To maximize operation time between battery recharges, we present a power-optimized field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of an HMD video processing system. In this paper, power reduction is achieved using adaptive hardware-based sleep mode; this technique is performed by applying clock gating to the embedded microprocessor in our HMD system during idle times. Clock gating is available in many FPGA devices. Resource utilization and power dissipation results for the FPGA-based system are presented for different performance configurations.
The effect of normal load, speed and moisture on footwear traction (2012)

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have tested footwear traction using various normal loads and movement speeds, and on different surfaces. However, because of the divergence from Amontons' laws of friction, the results of studies that tested footwear traction using different normal loads or movement speeds are difficult to compare. The purpose of this study was to investigate how alterations of normal load, speed of testing and surface moisture affect footwear traction. Method: Data were collected on three types of footwear using a portable traction tester on the field of play of a natural grass and an artificial turf football field. Testing was conducted with different normal loads (335, 433, 580, 678 and 776 N), movement speeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 mm s−1, and 30, 60, 90° s−1) and amounts of moisture added to the field to determine the effect each variable had on traction. Results: Surface moisture had a large effect on traction and was shoe and surface specific. Normal load had a linear effect on traction with the ranking of the footwear staying consistent, indicating that testing at small normal loads may be sufficient. Movement speed had a linear relationship for translational traction but was constant for rotational traction, with the ranking of the footwear staying consistent again, indicating that slow speeds may be sufficient for testing. Conclusions: The relationships found are only valid for the method of testing used in this study, and for the range of loads and speeds tested. The relationship may fail to remain linear at higher or lower loads or speeds. Future studies should continue to examine the effect that moisture has on footwear traction to better understand how shoes react to changing conditions. Keywords: cleated shoefrictiontractiontranslational frictionrotational friction
TRPS1 Is a Lineage-Specific Transcriptional Dependency in Breast Cancer (2018)

Perturbed epigenomic programs play key roles in tumorigenesis, and chromatin modulators are candidate therapeutic targets in various human cancer types. To define singular and shared dependencies on DNA and histone modifiers and transcription factors in poorly differentiated adult and pediatric cancers, we conducted a targeted shRNA screen across 59 cell lines of 6 cancer types. Here, we describe the TRPS1 transcription factor as a strong breast cancer-specific hit, owing largely to lineage-restricted expression. Knockdown of TRPS1 resulted in perturbed mitosis, apoptosis, and reduced tumor growth. Integrated analysis of TRPS1 transcriptional targets, chromatin binding, and protein interactions revealed that TRPS1 is associated with the NuRD repressor complex. These findings uncover a transcriptional network that is essential for breast cancer cell survival and propagation.
Mid-Infrared 2-D Beam Steering (2019)

We will experimentally demonstrate optical beam steering in the mid-IR spectral region (around λ=4.6μm) in the InP/InGaAs platform. Both wavelength and phase tuning are utilized for two-dimensional (2D) steering in elevation and azimuthal directions respectively.
Fast atom bombardment mass and tandem mass spectra of protonated and alkali cationized aldobiouronic and pseudoaldobiouronic acid per‐O‐methyl derivatives (1994)

Abstract The positive‐ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra of permethylated aldo‐ and pseudoaldobiouronic acids can be used to distinguish these classes of compounds. The collisional‐induced dissociation spectra of the [M + H] + ions show fragment ions resulting from glycosidic bond cleavage and successive losses of methanol molecules. These spectra together with those of the [M + H  MeOH] + oxonium ions allow the identification of the type of interglycosidic linkage. Collisional activation of the relatively stable [M + Na] + ions show many fragmentations which are common to alkali cationized permethylated saccharides. Moreover, fragment ions resulting from two‐bond ring cleavage processes yield additional information with respect to the linkage between the hexose and uronic acid units.
Air‐Operable, High‐Mobility Organic Transistors with Semifluorinated Side Chains and Unsubstituted Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Cores: High Mobility and Environmental and Bias Stress Stability from the Perfluorooctylpropyl Side Chain (2010)

Abstract N , N ′‐bis(3‐(perfluoroctyl)propyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (8–3‐NTCDI) was newly synthesized, as were related fluorooctylalkyl‐NTCDIs and alkyl‐NTCDIs. The 8–3‐NTCDI‐based organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) on an octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTS)‐treated Si/SiO 2 substrate shows apparent electron mobility approaching 0.7 cm 2 V ‐1 s ‐1 in air. The fluorooctylethyl‐NTCDI (8–2‐NTCDI) and fluorooctylbutyl‐NTCDI (8–4‐NTCDI) had significantly inferior properties even though their chemical structures are only slightly different, and nonfluorinated decyl and undecyl NTCDIs did not operate predictably in air. From atomic force microscopy, the 8–3‐NTCDI active layer deposited with the substrate at 120 °C forms a polycrystalline film with grain sizes &gt;4μm. Mobilities were stable in air for one week. After 100 days in air, the average mobility of three OTFTs decreased from 0.62 to 0.12 cm 2 V ‐1 s ‐1 , but stabilized thereafter. The threshold voltage ( V T ) increased by 15 V in air, but only by 3 V under nitrogen, after one week. On/off ratios were stable in air throughout. We also investigated transistor stability to gate bias stress. The transistor on hexamethlydisilazane (HMDS) is more stable than that on OTS with mobility comparable to amorphous Si TFTs. V T shifts caused by ON (30 V) and OFF (–20 V) gate bias stress for the HMDS samples for 1 hour were 1.79 V and 1.27 V under N 2 , respectively, and relaxation times of 10 6 and 10 7 s were obtained using the stretched exponential model. These performances are promising for use in transparent display backplanes.
PaCo: Parameter-Compositional Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning (2022)

The purpose of multi-task reinforcement learning (MTRL) is to train a single policy that can be applied to a set of different tasks. Sharing parameters allows us to take advantage of the similarities among tasks. However, the gaps between contents and difficulties of different tasks bring us challenges on both which tasks should share the parameters and what parameters should be shared, as well as the optimization challenges due to parameter sharing. In this work, we introduce a parameter-compositional approach (PaCo) as an attempt to address these challenges. In this framework, a policy subspace represented by a set of parameters is learned. Policies for all the single tasks lie in this subspace and can be composed by interpolating with the learned set. It allows not only flexible parameter sharing but also a natural way to improve training. We demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance on Meta-World benchmarks, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Information transfer between neurons in the motor cortex triggered by visual cues (2011)

It was previously shown that beta oscillations of local field potentials in the arm area of the primary motor cortex (MI) of nonhuman primates propagate as travelling waves across MI of monkeys during movement preparation and execution and are believed to subserve cortical information transfer. To investigate the information transfer and its change over time at the single-cell level, we analyzed simultaneously recorded multiple MI neural spike trains of a monkey using a Granger causality measure for point process models before and after visual cues instructing the onset of reaching movements. In this analysis, we found that more pairs of neurons showed information transfer between them after appearances of upcoming movement targets than before, and the directions of the information transfer across neurons in MI were coincident with the directions of the propagating waves. These results suggest that the neuron pairs identified in the current study are the candidates of neurons that travel with spatiotemporal dynamics of beta oscillations in the MI.
Generation of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Knockout and PI*ZZ Ferrets Using Crispr/Cas9. A Genetic Model of Emphysema (2018)

Abstract Rationale The most prevalent genetic cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency, a disorder that has yet to be widely modeled in animals because of species-specific differences between rodents and humans. Objectives To address these challenges, we engineered two A1AT ferret models using zygote gene editing to test the hypothesis that unopposed protease activity within the lung leads to emphysema and bronchitis. Methods Guide RNAs targeting exon 2 (for knockout) and exon 5 (for Z-allele mutation, Pi*Z) of the ferret A1AT gene were injected into ferret zygotes with Cas9 mRNA. For PI*Z targeting, a short oligonucleotide carrying the mutation was included. Offspring were genotyped and plasma levels of A1AT determined by Western blot before entry into a longitudinal study. Adult A1AT ferrets underwent bronchoscopy and FlexiVent over time to characterize lung disease. Control animals were wild-type (WT) and age, sex, and size matched. Results A1AT-deficient ferrets spontaneously develop hallmarks of emphysema as early as 3 months when compared with matched WT control ferrets. Over time, A1AT-KO ferrets reached an inspiratory capacity of 117% ± 5% (WT, 57.4 ml; A1AT, 67.5 ml) and compliance of 111% ± 4% (WT, 5.5 ml/cm H2O; A1AT, 6.1 ml/cm H2O; N = 8 pairs A1AT/WT, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Progression of these disease parameters and pressure–volume loop disturbances increased with age (oldest are ∼2 yr). The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) proteome of KO animals confirmed absence of A1AT protein along with elevated soluble Muc5AC (Log2 fold change, 6.74; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Active neutrophil elastase was elevated in A1AT-KO versus WT BAL (292 ± 82 vs. 179 ± 17 ng/ml) but did not reach significance; in one experiment, active NE was sixfold higher in the upper lobe of the A1AT than the lower (1,240 vs. 209 ng/ml). Quantitative alveolar morphometry in one A1AT was 121% of its matched WT control. The PI*ZZ animals are entering studies at several months of age. Conclusions Our findings suggest that A1AT-deficient ferrets spontaneously develop anatomic and physiologic aspects of progressive lung disease consistent with emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Modulation of type‐iv collagenase activity and invasive behavior of metastatic human melanoma (A2058) cells in vitro by monoclonal antibodies to type‐iv collagenase (1990)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against human type-IV collagenase were developed and used for studies on enzyme activity and tumor-cell invasion in vitro. Fifteen MAb clones were generated against the enzyme purified form serum-free culture medium of human melanoma cells (A2058). Five clones affecting the activity of type-IV collagenase were selected for further characterization. All the selected clones could be used for a single-step purification of type-IV collagenase using IgG-Sepharose affinity columns. One of the antibodies activated the enzyme when 3H-proline-labelled type-IV collagen was used as substrate. The activation was dependent on the enzyme antibody ratio. Four clones caused more than 30% inhibition of the activity, maximal inhibition being 50%. Interestingly, the same antibody which activated the enzyme also increased the invasion of A2058 cells through a reconstituted basement membrane in an in vitro invasion assay. The 4 inhibitory antibodies decreased the penetration of A2058 cells through the reconstituted basement membrane. The results strongly support previous findings about the importance of type-IV collagenase in tumor-cell invasion.