gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Blockade of Interleukin-1α and -1β Signaling Protects Mice from Cognitive Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury (2018)

Diffuse activation of interleukin-1 inflammatory cytokine signaling after traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits progressive neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric dysfunction, and thus represents a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Although interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β both activate the common type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI), they manifest distinct injury-specific roles in some models of neurodegeneration. Despite its potential relevance to treating patients with TBI, however, the individual contributions of IL-1α and IL-1β to TBI-pathology have not been previously investigated. To address this need, we applied genetic and pharmacologic approaches in mice to dissect the individual contributions of IL-1α, IL-β, and IL-1RI signaling to the pathophysiology of fluid percussion-mediated TBI, a model of mixed focal and diffuse TBI. IL-1RI ablation conferred a greater protective effect on brain cytokine expression and cognitive function after TBI than did individual IL-1α or IL-1β ablation. This protective effect was recapitulated by treatment with the drug anakinra, a recombinant naturally occurring IL-1RI antagonist. Our data thus suggest that broad targeting of IL-1RI signaling is more likely to reduce neuroinflammation and preserve cognitive function after TBI than are approaches that individually target IL-1α or IL-1β signaling.
Oxide dispersion strengthened IN718 owing to powder reuse in selective laser melting (2021)

Considering the high cost of powder, powder reuse is necessary for economic and sustainable selective laser melting (SLM). Since powder quality is a key factor in determining the mechanical properties of SLMed parts, it is essential to understand the effects of powder reuse on the powder quality and SLMed parts. In this study, we investigated the effects of IN718 powder reuse on SLM-processed microstructures and their mechanical properties. The SLM process was repeated 10 times using the virgin powder supplement method. As the number of powder reuses increased, the average particle size of the reused powder also increased. Additionally, the powder was oxidized by repeated reuse and resulted in oxide spots on the powder surface. The SLMed parts were recrystallized by homogenization heat treatment at 1065 °C, and the recrystallization fraction decreased with increasing extent of oxidation, i.e., the number of powder reuses. In the 10th SLM process conducted with powder reuse, the increased oxide fraction contributed to the dispersion hardening effect and simultaneously improved tensile strength and elongation.
Acoustic radiation force to reposition kidney stones (2013)

Our group has introduced transcutaneous ultrasound to move kidney stones in order to expel small stones or relocate an obstructing stone to a nonobstructing location. Human stones and metalized beads (2-8 mm) were implanted ureteroscopically in kidneys of eight domestic swine. Ultrasonic propulsion was performed using a diagnostic imaging transducer and a Verasonics ultrasound platform. Stone propulsion was visualized using fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and the ureteroscope. Successful stone movement was defined as relocating a stone to the renal pelvis, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) or proximal ureter. Three blinded experts evaluated for histologic injury in control and treatment arms. All stones were moved. 65% (17/26) of stones/beads were moved the entire distance to the renal pelvis (3), UPJ (2), or ureter (12). Average successful procedure per stone required 14±8 min and 23±16 pushes. Each push averaged 0.9 s in duration. Mean interval between pushes was 41±13 sec. No gross or histologic kidney damage was identified in six kidneys from exposure to 20 1-s pushes spaced by 33 s. Ultrasonic propulsion is effective with most stones being relocated to the renal pelvis, UPJ, or ureter. The procedure appears safe without evidence of injury.
Model of a Water-Filled Nanopore in an Ionomer-Free Cathode Catalyst Layer (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Fuel Oxidation Efficiencies and Exhaust Composition in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2006)

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that rely on ion migration through a solid-state electrolyte to oxidize fuel and produce electricity. The present study employs Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify the exhaust of an SOFC operating with fuel flows of methane over Ni/YSZ cermet anodes and butane over Ni/YSZ and Cu/CeO2/YSZ cermet anodes. Data show that hydrocarbon fuels can participate in a variety of different reactions including direct electrochemical oxidation, various reforming processes, and surface-catalyzed carbon deposition. These findings have direct consequences for assessing the environmental impact of SOFCs in terms of the exhaust discharged from devices operating with common hydrocarbon fuel feeds. In the work presented below, a measure of fuel oxidation efficiency is found by comparing the partial pressure of CO2 (P(CO2)) in the SOFC exhaust to the partial pressure of CO (P(CO)). The fuel anode combination with the largest P(CO2)/P(CO) ratio is the C4H10 over Cu/CeO2 combination (0.628 +/- 0.016). The CH4 over Ni cell type has the second highest ratio (0.486 +/- 0.023). The C4H10 over Ni cell type gives a ratio of 0.224 +/- 0.001. Attempts to balance the carbon content of the fuel feed and exhaust lead to predictions of SOFC fuel oxidation mechanisms.
Imaging cryosurgery with EIT: tracking the ice front and post-thaw tissue viability (2008)

Cryosurgery employs freezing for targeted destruction of undesirable tissues such as cancer. Ice front imaging has made controlled treatment of deep body tumors possible. One promising method, recently explored for this task, is EIT, which recovers images of electrical impedance from measurements made at boundary electrodes. However, since frozen tissue near the ice front survives, ice front imaging is insufficient. Monitoring treatment effect would enable iterative cryosurgery, where extents of ablation and need for further treatment are assessed upon thawing. Since lipid bilayers are strong barriers to low frequency electrical current and cell destruction implies impaired membranes, EIT should be able to detect the desired effect of cryosurgery: cell death. Previous work has tested EIT for ice front imaging with tank studies while others have simulated EIT in detecting cryoablation, but in vivo tests have not been reported in either case. To address this, we report 3D images of differential conductivity throughout the freeze-thaw cycle in a rat liver model in vivo with histological validation, first testing our system for ice front imaging in a gel and for viability imaging post-thaw in a raw potato slice.
Optically enhanced solid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy (2023)

Low sensitivity is the primary limitation to extending nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to more advanced chemical and structural studies. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) is an NMR hyperpolarization technique where light is used to excite a suitable donor–acceptor system, creating a spin-correlated radical pair whose evolution drives nuclear hy-perpolarization. Systems that exhibit photo-CIDNP in solids are not common and this effect has, up to now, only been observed for 13C and 15N nuclei. However, the low gyromagnetic ratio and natural abundance of these nuclei trap the local hyperpolarization in the vicinity of the chromophore and limit the utility for bulk hyperpolarization. Here we report the first example of optically enhanced solid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy in the high-field regime. This is achieved via photo-CIDNP of a donor–chromophore–acceptor molecule in a frozen solution at 0.3 T and 85 K, where spontaneous spin diffusion among the abundant strongly coupled 1H nuclei relays polarization through the whole sample, yielding a 16-fold bulk 1H signal enhancement under continuous laser irradiation at 450 nm. These findings enable a new strategy for hyperpolarized NMR beyond the current limits of conventional microwave-driven DNP.
Supplementary Data from Functional Silencing of <i>HSD17B2</i> in Prostate Cancer Promotes Disease Progression (2023)

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In situ ultraviolet treatment in an Ar ambient upon p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon–carbide windows of hydrogenated amorphous silicon based solar cells (2004)

We proposed an in situ postdeposition ultraviolet treatment in an Ar ambient (UTA) to improve the p∕i interface of amorphous silicon based solar cell. We have increased the conversion efficiency by ∼16% by improving the built-in potential and reducing recombination at the p∕i interface. Through spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier-transform infrared measurements, it is concluded that the UTA process induces structural modification of the p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon–carbide (p-a-SiC:H) window layer. An ultrathin p-a-SiC:H contamination layer formed during the UTA process acts as a buffer layer at the interface.
Abstract 2916: Discovery of pyrazolimidazopyridine compounds as potent in vitro and in vivo anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (2012)

Abstract Translocations linking anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) to multiple fusion partners were identified in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, neuroblastoma, and in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This fusion leads to constitutive activation of ALK and has potent transforming activity. The recent approval of Crizotinib validated clinically the usefulness of treating EML4-ALK +ve patients with an Alk inhibitor. We report two novel series of compounds that potently inhibit ALK both in vitro and in vivo. Two series of pyrazolimidazolpyridine compounds, with good physical properties, were identified as part of our screening effort as potent ALK inhibitors in ALK enzyme assays. Subsequent testing of the mode of action of these compounds in Del cell lines containing NPM-ALK fusions demonstrated strong inhibition of phospho-ALK. In vivo, oral administration of 10 mg/kg of a pyrazolimidazopyridine compound in a Del xenograft model in SCID mice resulted in greater than 90% inhibition of phospho-ALK over 6 hours. In conclusion, we have identified two series of pyrazolimidazopyridine compounds as potent ALK inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2916. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2916
Phosphorylation of Cellular Proteins in Rous Sarcoma Virus-Infected Cells: Analysis by Use of Anti-Phosphotyrosine Antibodies (1988)

The protein substrates for the tyrosine protein kinases in cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses were analyzed by gel electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation by antibodies against phosphotyrosine. We found that greater than 90% of phosphotyrosine-containing cellular proteins can be immunoprecipitated by these antibodies. The level of phosphotyrosine-containing cellular proteins detectable by this method markedly increased upon transformation with Rous sarcoma virus, and more than 20 distinct bands of such proteins were found in lysates of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Most of these phosphotyrosine-containing proteins had not been identified by other methods, and their presence appeared to correlate with morphological transformation in cells infected with various Rous sarcoma virus mutants and Y73, PRCII, and Fujinami sarcoma viruses. However, considerably different patterns were obtained with cells infected with nontransforming Rous sarcoma virus mutants that encode nonmyristylated src kinases, indicating that most substrates that correlate with transformation can only be recognized by p60v-src associated with the plasma membrane.
Flavor volatilcs, sugars and color development in ripening in vitro‐cultured tomato fruit and calyx (1993)

Previous studies showed that the developmental program of calyces of a tomato cultivar ( Lycopersicon esculentum , cv. VFNT Cherry) changed in many aspects to that of fruit when cultured in vitro. The calyces turned red, produced ethylene, had increased tissue content of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid, had increased levels of the mRNA of polygalacturonase and developed ultrastructural changes in their cell walls that were indistinguishable from those of ripe tomato fruit tissue. We report in the present study the synthesis of volatile flavor compounds, changes in sugar concentrations and color development in cultured calyces that are characteristic of ripening tomato fruit. These ripening parameters of in vitro‐cultured tomato fruit were also compared to those of fruit grown in the greenhouse.
3.3-V CMOS pre-equalization VCSEL transmitter for gigabit multimode fiber links (1999)

We present results of a 3.3-V CMOS digital preequalization drive chip for vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser-based gigabit multimode fiber links. The pre-equalization can partially compensate for the effects of the limited fiber bandwidth and differential mode delay. This type of equalization may form a low cost method to increase the bandwidth-distance product of current fiber links directly enabling higher optical signaling standards.
[Pituitary diseases in elderly patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. (2002)

Chronic renal failure (CRF) in the elderly is a cause of multiple endocrine dysfunctions. The three most common pituitary axes involved are the thyrotrope, lactotrope and gonadotrope axes. Thyroid dysfunction may be the consequence of thyroid or pituitary failure. Hyperprolactinemia results in gonadal failure and is present in 30% of patients. Early presentation of menopause and andropause are common in patients with CRF. Sexual hormonal replacement is controversial and must be individually tailored. We propose a systematic screening in the elderly with CRF: determination of TSH, TPO antibodies and cervical palpation, measures of PRL, LH, FSH and testosterone to explore lactotrope and gonadotrope axis.
Über Pyridinium‐N‐phenolat‐Betaine und ihre Verwendung zur Charakterisierung der Polarität von Lösungsmitteln, XVI. Bestimmung der empirischen Lösungsmittelpolaritäts‐Parameter ET(30) und AN für 55 substituierte Phenole (1991)

Pyridinium N ‐Phenoxide Betaines and Their Application for the Characterization of Solvent Polarities, XVI 1) . – Determination of the Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity E T (30) and AN for 55 Substituted Phenols By means of the negatively solvatochromic dyes 1 and 2 , the empirical solvent polarity parameters E T ( 30 ) and AN (Acceptor Number) are determined for solutions of 55 substituted phenols in 1,2‐dichloroethane as inert solvent (Table 1). The E T ( 30 ) values and Acceptor Numbers are compared with each other and with corresponding literature values, determined in neat substituted phenols (Table 2). The influence of the phenolic substituents on both solvent parameters is discussed with respect to their electronic and steric effects as well as to the self‐association of phenols in solution. Polyhydroxybenzenes such as resorcinol and pyrogallol exhibit both high solvent polarity and acceptor properties, whereas substituents in positions 2 and 6 of phenols decrease their polarity and acceptor strength.
Error-Based Adaptive Coupling Process Between Multipoint High-Fidelity Aerodynamics and Mission Performance for Shape Optimization in the MDA-MDO Project (2019)

International audience
Manipulating Manufacturing Variations for Better Silicon-Based Physically Unclonable Functions (2012)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide interesting solutions to tnany security related issues. For instance, silicon-based PUFs are novel circuits that exploit manufacturing variations to extract unique signatures from chips. Such signatures are convenient for chip authentication and cryptographic key generation. Since variations are typically detrimental to ICs, a great deal of research is geared towards suppressing them. However, in the case of PUFs, it has been shown that wily systematic manufacturing variations are harmful and random manufacturing variations are actually the source of PUF quality. In this paper, we investigate two techniques that manipulate manufacturing variations to improve PUFs: (i) a cell layout technique that reduces systematic variation; (ii) a design technique that increases random variation. Results show that the layout technique improves PUF uniqueness by as much as 14% and the design technique improves PUF reliability by as much as 25%.
Spatial-temporal structural and dynamics features for Video Fire Detection (2013)

We present a new Video Fire Detection (VFD) system for surveillance applications in fire and security industries. The system consists of three modules: pixel-level processing to identify potential fire blobs, blob-based spatial-temporal feature extraction, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed novel spatial-temporal features include a spatial-temporal structural feature and a spatial-temporal contour dynamics feature. The spatial-temporal structural features are extracted from an accumulated motion mask (AMM) and an accumulated intensity template (AIT), capturing the concentric ring structure of fire intensity. The spatial-temporal dynamics features are based on the Fourier descriptor of contours in space and time, capturing the dynamic properties of fire. These global blob-based features are more robust and effective in rejecting false alarms and nuisance sources than pixel-wise features. In addition, extraction of the spatial-temporal features is very efficient, and no tracking of blobs or contours is needed. We also present a new multi-spectrum fire video database for algorithm testing. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed features on fire detection on the video database and obtain very promising results.
A Different Method for Steric Field Evaluation in CoMFA Improves Model Robustness (1997)

The all-grid probe Lennard-Jones 6−12 potential, typically used as steric descriptor in CoMFA, has been replaced by the volumes of van der Waals envelopes intersections between the probe-atom and the ligand molecules under investigation. The intersection volumes present a smoother distance dependence that overcomes the problems arising from formulation of a precise alignment and docking into the 3D lattice. A CoMFA-type application on a set of 78 steroid aromatase inhibitors with different grid and probe-atom characteristics suggests an improved model robustness for the new steric field in comparison with the classical 6−12 potential. Predefined cut-off and “minimum sigma” values are not required. Systematic variation of the 3D lattice position leads to lower variations of cross-validated r-squared (q2LOO) at all levels of model complexity, which can be reduced with exclusion of some “interior” points. The relative simplicity and inexpensive computational demands make this steric field a promising alternative for routine CoMFA-based 3D-QSAR analyses.
The TLR4 agonist vaccine adjuvant, GLA-SE, requires canonical and atypical mechanisms of action for TH1 induction (2016)

Abstract The Toll-like receptor 4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant formulated in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE) promotes strong TH1 and balanced IgG1/IgG2 responses to protein vaccine antigens. This enhanced immunity is sufficient to provide protection against many diseases including tuberculosis and leishmaniasis. To better characterize the adjuvant action it is important to understand how the different cytokines and transcription factors contribute to the initiation of immunity. In the present study using T-bet−/− and IL-12−/− mice and a blocking anti-IFNαR1 monoclonal antibody, we define mechanisms of adjuvant activity of GLA-SE. In accordance with previous studies of TLR4 agonist based adjuvants, we found that TH1 induction via GLA-SE was completely dependent upon T-bet, a key transcription factor for IFNγ production and TH1 differentiation. Consistent with this, deficiency of IL-12, a cytokine canonical to TH1 induction, ablated TH1 induction via GLA-SE. Finally we demonstrate that the innate immune response to GLA-SE, including rapid IFNγ production by memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells, was contingent on type I interferon, a cytokine group whose association with TH1 induction is contextual, and that they contributed to the adjuvant activity of GLA-SE.
Recombinant cells and organisms having persistent nonstandard amino acid dependence and methods of making them (2023)

Recombinant cells and recombinant organisms persistently expressing nonstandard amino acids (NSAAs) are provided. Methods of making recombinant cells and recombinant organisms dependent on persistently expressing NSAAs for survival are also provided. These methods may be used to make safe recombinant cells and recombinant organisms and/or to provide a selective pressure to maintain one or more reassigned codon functions in recombinant cells and recombinant organisms.
Genotype-phenotype correlations in SCN8A -related disorders reveal prognostic and therapeutic implications (2021)

Abstract We report detailed functional analyses and genotype-phenotype correlations in 433 individuals carrying disease-causing variants in SCN8A , encoding the voltage-gated Na + channel Na V 1.6. Five different clinical subgroups could be identified: 1) Benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE) (n=17, normal cognition, treatable seizures), 2) intermediate epilepsy (n=36, mild ID, partially pharmacoresponsive), 3) developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE, n=191, severe ID, majority pharmacoresistant), 4) generalized epilepsy (n=21, mild to moderate ID, frequently with absence seizures), and 5) affected individuals without epilepsy (n=25, mild to moderate ID). Groups 1-3 presented with early-onset (median: four months) focal or multifocal seizures and epileptic discharges, whereas the onset of seizures in group 4 was later (median: 39 months) with generalized epileptic discharges. The epilepsy was not classifiable in 143 individuals. We performed functional studies expressing missense variants in ND7/23 neuroblastoma cells and primary neuronal cultures using recombinant tetrodotoxin insensitive human Na V 1.6 channels and whole-cell patch clamping. Two variants causing DEE showed a strong gain-of-function (GOF, hyperpolarising shift of steady-state activation, strongly increased neuronal firing rate), and one variant causing BFIE or intermediate epilepsy showed a mild GOF (defective fast inactivation, less increased firing). In contrast, all three variants causing generalized epilepsy induced a loss-of-function (LOF, reduced current amplitudes, depolarising shift of steady-state activation, reduced neuronal firing). Including previous studies, functional effects were known for 165 individuals. All 133 individuals carrying GOF variants had either focal (76, groups 1-3), or unclassifiable epilepsy (37), whereas 32 with LOF variants had either generalized (14), no (11) or unclassifiable (5) epilepsy; only two had DEE. Computational modeling in the GOF group revealed a significant correlation between the severity of the electrophysiological and clinical phenotypes. GOF variant carriers responded significantly better to sodium channel blockers (SCBs) than to other anti-seizure medications, and the same applied for all individuals of groups 1-3. In conclusion, our data reveal clear genotype-phenotype correlations between age at seizure onset, type of epilepsy and gain- or loss-of-function effects of SCN8A variants. Generalized epilepsy with absence seizures is the main epilepsy phenotype of LOF variant carriers and the extent of the electrophysiological dysfunction of the GOF variants is a main determinant of the severity of the clinical phenotype in focal epilepsies. Our pharmacological data indicate that SCBs present a therapeutic treatment option in early onset SCN8A -related focal epilepsy.