gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity of a Novel Selective CYP17A1 Inhibitor in Preclinical Models of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2014)

VT-464 is a novel, nonsteroidal, small-molecule CYP17A1 inhibitor with 17,20-lyase selectivity. This study evaluates the anticancer activity of VT-464 compared with abiraterone (ABI) in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cell lines and xenograft models that are enzalutamide (ENZ)-responsive (C4-2) or ENZ-resistant (MR49C, MR49F). In vitro, androgen receptor (AR) transactivation was assessed by probasin luciferase reporter, whereas AR and AR-regulated genes and steroidogenic pathway enzymes were assessed by Western blot and/or qRT-PCR. The MR49F xenograft model was used to compare effects of oral VT-464 treatment to vehicle and abiraterone acetate (AA). Steroid concentrations were measured using LC-MS chromatography. VT-464 demonstrated a greater decrease in AR transactivation compared with ABI in C4-2 and both ENZ-resistant cell lines. At the gene and protein level, VT-464 suppressed the AR axis to a greater extent compared with ABI. Gene transcripts StAR, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, and SRD5A1 increased following treatment with ABI and to a greater extent with VT-464. In vivo, intratumoral androgen levels were significantly lower after VT-464 or AA treatment compared with vehicle, with the greatest decrease seen with VT-464. Similarly, tumor growth inhibition and PSA decrease trends were greater with VT-464 than with AA. Finally, an AR-antagonist effect of VT-464 independent of CYP17A1 inhibition was observed using luciferase reporter assays, and a direct interaction was confirmed using an AR ligand binding domain biolayer interferometry. These preclinical results suggest greater suppression of the AR axis with VT-464 than ABI that is likely due to both superior selective suppression of androgen synthesis and AR antagonism.
A lossless, accurate, self-calibrating current-sensing technique for DC-DC converters (2005)

High-performance, state-of-the-art applications demand smart power supplies to be adaptive, power efficient, and reliably accurate, which is why monitoring inductor current flow in a lossless fashion is not only desirable but also critical for protection and feedback control. Filter-based lossless current-sensing technique use a tuned filter across the inductor to estimate current flow, and its accuracy is dependent on the inductance and equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the device. Because of process-related tolerances, errors as high as /spl plusmn/28% are reported, even when the nominal inductor value is known, which is not the case for the IC designer, whose errors will then grossly exceed this value. A technique is proposed to boost the accuracy of these current-sensing filters by automatically adjusting their bandwidth and gain via phase and gain feedback control loops. The proposed scheme essentially measures the inductance and ESR values during startup and power-on reset events. Because the filter is automatically tuned to the inductor, the current during normal operation can be measured accurately by simply sensing the voltage across the inductor. A PCB prototype implementation of the proposed technique achieved overall DC and AC gain errors of 2.3% and 5% at full load, respectively, when lossless, state-of-the-art schemes achieve 20-40% error.
Inner-orbital binding-energy shifts of antimony and bismuth compounds (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInner-orbital binding-energy shifts of antimony and bismuth compoundsWayne E. Morgan, Wojciech J. Stec, and John R. Van WazerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 4, 953–955Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50122a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50122a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1762Altmetric-Citations374LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimization of Guardrail Length-of-Need for Interstate Highways (2015)

Guardrails have commonly been installed to prevent errant vehicles from impacting roadside hazards. However, guardrail impacts have contributed to numerous serious injuries and fatalities. Plus, guardrails are generally impacted more often because they are installed closer to the edge of travel way and are much longer than the shielded hazard itself. Thus, in order to reduce the frequency of guardrail crashes, an optimized length should be determined. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide (RDG) has suggested guardrail runout lengths which are dependent on posted speed limit and traffic volumes. Crash data analyses and simulation using the recently-updated Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAPv3) was conducted to evaluate the guardrail length-of-need (LON) associated with the lowest crash cost (i.e., cost associated with injuries and property damage) and maximum cost effectiveness for freeways. Crash data involving Kansas guardrail, which were compliant with recommendations provided in the 2006 AASHTO RDG and occurring on freeways with divided medians, were collected and analyzed. The frequency, rate, and risk of shielded hazard crashes were extremely low. RSAPv3 analyses indicated that there was both an economic and safety benefit to reducing the installed LON as well as utilizing different runout lengths for left- and right-side departures for divided roadways.
Sex-Specific Associations of Blood-Based Nutrient Profiling With Body Composition in the Elderly (2019)

The intake of adequate amounts and types of nutrients is key for sustaining health and a good quality of life, particularly in the elderly population. There is considerable evidence suggesting that physiological changes related to age and sex modify nutritional needs, and this may be related to age-associated changes in body composition (BC), specifically in lean and fat body mass. However, there is a clear lack of understanding about the association of nutrients in blood and BC parameters in the elderly. This study investigated the relationships among blood nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids, major elements, trace-elements, and vitamins), BC and nutrient intake in a population of 176 healthy male and female Italian adults between the ages of 65 and 79 years. 89 blood markers, 77 BC parameters and dietary intake were evaluated. Multivariate data analysis was applied to infer relationships between datasets. As expected, the major variability between BC and the blood nutrient profile (BNP) observed was related to sex. Aside from clear sex-specific differences in BC, female subjects had higher BNP levels of copper, copper-to-zinc ratio, phosphorous and holotranscobalamin II and lower concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and proline. Fat mass, percentage of fat mass, percentage of lean mass and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) correlated the most with BNP in both sexes. Our data showed positive correlations in male subjects among ethanolamine, glycine, albumin, and sulfur with SMI, while palmitoleic acid and oleic acid exhibited negative correlations. This differed in female subjects, where SMI was positively associated with albumin, folic acid and sulfur, while CRP, proline and <i>cis</i>-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid were negatively correlated. We investigated the influence of diet on the observed BNP and BC correlations. Intriguingly, most of the components of the BNP, except for folate, did not exhibit a correlation with nutrient intake data. An understanding of the physiological and biochemical processes underpinning the observed sex-specific correlations between BNP and BC could help in identifying nutritional strategies to manage BC-changes in aging. This would contribute to a deeper understanding of aging-associated nutritional needs with the aim of helping the elderly population to maintain metabolic health.
Biodistribution and Scintigraphy of Iodine-131-Iododeoxyadenosine in Rats Bearing Breast Cancer (1998)

Purpose: I-131 labeled (2'-deoxy-2'-iodo--D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine (IAD) may be involved in DNA synthesis during active proliferation of tumor cells. We conducted this study to find out the biodistribution of IAD and it's feasibility for scintigraphic tumor imaging. Materials and Methods: Tosyl acetyl-adenosine was dissolved in acetonitrile, and I-131-NaI was added and heated to synthesize IAD. Female Fisher 344 rats innoculated with breast tumor cells were injected with 0.27 MBq of IAD. Rats were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 24h and the % of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was determined. For scintigraphy, rats bearing breast cancer were administered with 1.11 MBq of IAD and imaging was performed after 2 and 24h. Then, rat body was fixed and microtomized slice was placed on radiographic film for autoradiography. Results: %ID/g of tumor was 0.74 (0.5h),0.73 (1h), 0.55 (2h), 0.38 (4h), and 0.05 (24h), respectively. At 1h after injection, %ID/g of tumor was higher than that of heart (0.34), liver (0.42), spleen (0.47), kidney (0.69), muscle (0.14), bone (0.33) and intestine (0.51). However, %ID/g of tumor was lower than blood (1.06), lung (0.77), and thyroid (177.71). At 4h, %ID/g of tumor in comparison with other tissue did not change. Tumor contrast expressed by tumor to blood ratio was 0.69 and tumor to muscle ratio was 5.11 at 1h. However, these ratios did not improve through 24h. On autoradiogram and scintigraphy at 2 and 24 hour, the tumor was well visualized. Conclusion: This results suggest that IAD may have a potential for tumor scintigraphy. However, further work is needed to improve localization in tumor tissue.
An Enhanced Artificial Neural Network For Air Temperature Prediction (2007)

The mitigation of crop loss due to damaging freezes requires accurate air temperature prediction models. An improved model for temperature prediction in Georgia was developed by including information on seasonality and modifying parameters of an existing artificial neural network model. Alternative models were compared by instantiating and training multiple networks for each model. The inclusion of up to 24 hours of prior weather information and inputs reflecting the day of year were among improvements that reduced average four-hour prediction error by 0.18°C compared to the prior model. Results strongly suggest model developers should instantiate and train multiple networks with different initial weights to establish appropriate model parameters.
Effect of Molecular Order on the Performance of Naphthobisthiadiazole‐Based Polymer Solar Cells (2013)

The influence of fullerene derivatives (PC60BM and PC70BM) and processing additives on the molecular order of a naphthobisthiadiazole-based polymer (NT) in the blend films differ significantly. This is strongly associated with the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell performance and affects charge recombination rates and sweep-out dynamics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Alignment sensor corrections for tool-induced shift (TIS) (1997)

As the most critical semiconductor device geometries shrink down to the quarter micron order, requirements for overlay accuracy also become increasingly critical in the actual semiconductor manufacturing process. Factors in overlay error (especially, alignment error) originate in the interaction of process and tool. It is therefore necessary to improve alignment accuracy from both the process and the tool sides. In an effort to solve this as a tool supplier, we at Canon must minimize tool factors to reduce alignment errors caused by the interaction of process and tool factors. We though that we needed some evaluation criteria with such interaction take into account, and redefined the concepts of tool induced shift and wafer induced shift as a criterion. This paper introduces these new concepts and discusses validity of the criteria showing experimental results of alignment accuracy implementing the idea in the real process.
Fibre optic microarrays for the detection and enumeration of harmful algal bloom species (2006)

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious threat to coastal resources, causing impacts ranging from the contamination of seafood products with potent toxins to mortalities of wild and farmed fish and other marine animals. As the threat from HABs has expanded, new approaches have become necessary, including monitoring the plankton for HAB species. Preliminary data are presented on an innovative approach to HAB cell enumeration — fibre optic genosensors. Oligonucleotide probes specific for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of target HAB species are coupled to microspheres (∼3μm) placed in wells etched in the ends of optical fibre bundles of 6 000 individual fibres. This bead-based microarray is dipped into a plankton or culture sample that has been lysed to release nucleic acids. The target rRNA is 'captured' on the functionalised beads using a probe complementary to a different region of the molecule. Probe-target hybrids are detected using a second 'signal' probe and visualised via the fibre using epifluorescence and image analysis. Preliminary results show the method to be highly sensitive, with detection limits of approximately 5–10 cells sample−1 for Alexandrium fundyense and Pseudo-nitzschia australis, and about 50 cells sample−1 for A. ostenfeldii. A multiplexed microarray has also been developed to detect these species simultaneously. In theory, hundreds of species can be detected using a single optical fibre array. The simplicity and the ability to re-use the sensor array without loss of sensitivity makes this a promising procedure for further development, including deployment on moored instruments capable of detecting HAB species in an early warning system. Keywords: ALEXANDRIUM FUNDYENSEALEXANDRIUM OSTENFELDIIARRAYHABPSEUDO-NITZSCHIARRNASANDWICH HYBRIDISATIONTOXIC ALGAE
Robust Table Structure Recognition with Dynamic Queries Enhanced Detection Transformer (2023)

We present a new table structure recognition (TSR) approach, called TSRFormer, to robustly recognizing the structures of complex tables with geometrical distortions from various table images. Unlike previous methods, we formulate table separation line prediction as a line regression problem instead of an image segmentation problem and propose a new two-stage dynamic queries enhanced DETR based separation line regression approach, named DQ-DETR, to predict separation lines from table images directly. Compared to Vallina DETR, we propose three improvements in DQ-DETR to make the two-stage DETR framework work efficiently and effectively for the separation line prediction task: 1) A new query design, named Dynamic Query, to decouple single line query into separable point queries which could intuitively improve the localization accuracy for regression tasks; 2) A dynamic queries based progressive line regression approach to progressively regressing points on the line which further enhances localization accuracy for distorted tables; 3) A prior-enhanced matching strategy to solve the slow convergence issue of DETR. After separation line prediction, a simple relation network based cell merging module is used to recover spanning cells. With these new techniques, our TSRFormer achieves state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets, including SciTSR, PubTabNet, WTW and FinTabNet. Furthermore, we have validated the robustness and high localization accuracy of our approach to tables with complex structures, borderless cells, large blank spaces, empty or spanning cells as well as distorted or even curved shapes on a more challenging real-world in-house dataset.
Chemical and Biological Profile of Dual Cdk1 and Cdk2 Inhibitors (2003)

The importance of Cdks in cell cycle regulation, their interaction with oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and their frequent deregulation in human tumors, has encouraged an active search for agents capable of perturbing the function of Cdks. In our laboratories, a variety of selective and potent low molecular weight inhibitors directed against the ATP binding sites of the Cdk1, Cdk2 have been developed. Extensive biological profiling of two distinct classes of Cdk inhibitors - the phenylamino pyrimidines (PAPs) and trisubstituted purines has revealed distinct differences in their cellular effects in normal cells compared to tumor cells. Due to their intact G1/S checkpoints, normal cells are shown to be reversibly blocked by these Cdk inhibitors in either the G1/S-phase or at the G2/M boarder. In transformed cells these control points are either absent or defective and treatment with the compounds resulted in pronounced proliferation block at the G2/M transition. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that this G2/M arrest is less well tolerated by the cells and consequently, they undergo apoptotic cell death. Finally, these dual Cdk1/ Cdk2 inhibitors are also found to be significantly more active on proliferating cells compared to quiescent cells reflecting their specific activity. Despite these encouraging results demonstrating a distinct outcome after treatment with such dual Cdk inhibitors in normal compared to de-regulated tumor cells, it remains to be determined whether a comparable therapeutic window might be observed in vivo experiments. Furthermore the intracellular kinase selectivity of inhibitors which are putatively selective in vitro remains a complicating feature that is only recently begun to be addressed by affinity chromatography and phosphoproteomics techniques. Once efficacy can be demonstrated in animal models at well-tolerated doses, there will be strong evidence for the development of cell cycle antagonists for cancer therapy.
Thin film growth of Fe-based superconductors: from fundamental properties to functional devices. A comparative review (2014)

Fe-based superconductors bridge a gap between MgB2 and the cuprate high temperature superconductors as they exhibit multiband character and transition temperatures up to around 55 K. Investigating Fe-based superconductors thus promises answers to fundamental questions concerning the Cooper pairing mechanism, competition between magnetic and superconducting phases, and a wide variety of electronic correlation effects. The question addressed in this review is, however, is this new class of superconductors also a promising candidate for technical applications? Superconducting film-based technologies range from high-current and high-field applications for energy production and storage to sensor development for communication and security issues and have to meet relevant needs of today’s society and that of the future. In this review we will highlight and discuss selected key issues for Fe-based superconducting thin film applications. We initially focus our discussion on the understanding of physical properties and actual problems in film fabrication based on a comparison of different observations made in the last few years. Subsequently we address the potential for technological applications according to the current situation.
Solution-Phase Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors (2022)

Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors (EABs) using self-assembled monolayers on gold working-electrodes have now been in-vivo demonstrated for multiple-analytes, demonstrating their sensitivity and specificity even in a continuous sensing format. However, longevity has been demonstrated for only 24 hours and sensitivity has been challenging for highly dilute analytes (nM regime). A novel approach is reported here using electrochemical aptamer-based sensing that is not covalently-bound to a gold-working electrode but where aptamers are freely mobile in solution. This alternative approach has the potential to improve longevity by reducing electrode surface degradation and improving sensitivity using aptamer binding constructs that are not available for aptamers when covalently bound to the electrode. Specifically, a molecular-beacon (fluorescent) cortisol aptamer was adapted into an amperometry solution-phase cortisol EAB sensor, demonstrating ∼5% signal gain starting at only 10 nM and a saturated signal gain of ∼70% at several μM. A robust signal was achieved due to use of methylene-blue redox-tagged aptamer that was measured through amperometry with interdigitated electrodes. While this result demonstrates the basic feasibility of solution-phase EAB sensors, the result also required a self-assembled monolayer alkylthiolate blocking-layer on the gold working electrode which restricts potential device longevity. These results cumulatively suggest that initial significance of solution-phase EAB sensors may be strongest for point-of-care type testing applications and further development would be required for long-lasting continuous sensing applications.
Robust single cell quantification of immune cell subtypes in histological samples (2017)

Due to the rapid increase in immunotherapies there is an urgent need to develop new tools for robust in situ immune cell-typing and quantification to understand disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses. In this paper, we present a new machine-learning based method for classifying immune cell types in human tissue from highly multiplexed data. The proposed method is based on: i) identifying the most representative cell clusters across multiple slides by performing hierarchical multi-channel and multi-slide clustering; ii) from the clusters of interest, we then learn a biological-phenotypical-taxonomical cell model by solving a multi-class and multi-label classification problem. We have applied this methodology for the simultaneous classification of T and B cells using CD3 and CD20 markers and further sub-classification of T cells (CD3+) into CD4+ and CD8+, and FoxP3+ cells (within CD3+ and CD4+ cells). The method allows estimating statistical measurements used for correlation analysis with clinical data. Our method is generic and can be applied for any cell type classification problem. We obtain an average accuracy of ~95% across six immune cell types/subtypes following simultaneous classification with this approach.