gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complications in the Surgical Treatment of 19,360 Cases of Pediatric Scoliosis (2010)

In this review of a large multicenter database of surgically treated pediatric scoliosis, neuromuscular scoliosis had the highest morbidity, but relatively high complication rates occurred in all groups. These data may be useful for preoperative counseling and surgical decision-making in the treatment of pediatric scoliosis.
Comparison of the Minimal Steric Difference (MTD) and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) Methods for Analysis of Binding of Steroids to Carrier Proteins (1993)

Abstract Cross validation and results with test series indicate similar predictive power for the CoMFA and the much less CPU‐time consuming MTD method. We present an MTD analysis for the binding of a series of 21 steroids to Corticosteroid Binding Globulin (CBG) and to Testosterone Binding Globulin (TeBG) series previously analyzed by CoMFA. For the construction of the hypermolecule we used crystal structures of available steroids retrieved from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC) and the COSMIC software for structural manipulation and molecular superposition. The correlation results of MTD were r 2 = 0.93 for CBG binding and r 2 = 0.85 for TeBG binding. The distribution of cavity and wall vertices of the MTD receptor maps present some similarities with the CoMFA coefficient contour maps. Cross validation results of MTD (50% of data in one subseries and 50% in the second), with r 2 = 0.70 for CBG and r 2 = 0.72 for TeBG binding, are somewhat better than CoMFA results, r 2 = 0.66 and r 2 = 0.555 respectively, while CoMFA predictions for a separate series of 10 steroids are better. In CoMFA, the equation derived for the molecule receptor affinity corresponds to molecules which interact with “receptor” atoms in fixed positions by electrostatic and van der Waals 6–12 potentials. Repulsions are thereby very high for some of the van der Waals terms – while in reality the overlapping of the ligand and receptor van der Waals envelopes are circumvented by conformational transitions at lower energy costs. This may explain why the elegant CoMFA method indicates only receptor regions whose occupation by the ligand molecules have a favorable or unfavorable effect upon binding.
A Solid-State, Simultaneous Wide Angle-Detailed View Video Surveillance Camera (2003)

We have developed a simultaneously wide-angle and detailed-view surveillance camera. For the purpose of surveillance, detailed views for suspicious objects are needed. Conventional motorized zoom cameras, however, are fragile and provide only a small region-of-interest at a time. We propose a system which is capable of obtain- ing wide-range views as well as detailed views of multiple regions of interest simultaneously. We present a prototype solid-state system based on a CMOS random access image sensor array. The system outputs a wide-angle, low-resolution view for monitoring the entire scene. If moving objects enter the scene, the system outputs detailed views of all objects in addition to the wide-angle view.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Cyclo[8](9,10-dihydro-9,10-anthraceno)pyrrole (2013)

Cyclo[8]pyrrole with eight 9,10-dihydroanthracene wings was synthesized by oxidative coupling of the corresponding 2,2'-bipyrrole in good yield.The molecular structure was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.The three-dimensionally structured cyclo [8]pyrrole possessed a cavity created by a pair of slip-stacked cyclo[8]pyrroles.
Using containment information for view evolution in dynamic distributed environments (2002)

The maintenance of materialized views in large scale environments composed of numerous information sources (ISs), such as in the WWW, is complicated by ISs not only continuously modifying their contents bur also their capabilities (schemas and query interfaces). With current view technology, views become undefined when ISs change their capabilities. Our Evolvable View Environment (EVE) project addresses this new problem of evolving views under IS capabilities changes, which we call the view synchronization problem. Key principles of EVE include a user specified preference model for view evolution (Evolvable-SQL (E-SQL)) and a Model for Information Source Descriptions (MISD). We present a formal characterization of correctness of view synchronization using containment constraints defined in MISD. Then, we give a novel view synchronization algorithm for view rewriting, exploiting general containment constraints between the to-be-replaced relation and its replacement.
On the design of 60 GHz integrated antennas on 0.13 μm SOI technology (2007)

This work presents the performance of 0.13 μm Silicon on insulator technology in the design of 60 GHz fully integrated antennas. Three different types of antennas are considered and designed in order to study their ability to radiate efficiently at this frequency using specific IC technology in order to obtain good matching and higher radiation efficiency. A conductor backed coplanar waveguide is used to feed these antennas. The planar inverted F antenna, the slot antenna and the interdigitated dipole antenna show a good return loss and simulated radiation efficiency of 45%, 55% and 88% respectively. Backside substrate metallization has been used to improve radiation properties.
A prospective randomized comparison of coralline hydroxyapatite with autograft in cervical interbody fusion (2003)

Study Design. A prospective randomized trial with independent clinical and radiographic outcome review of patients receiving either hydroxyapatite or tricortical iliac crest graft for cervical interbody fusion was conducted. Objective. To determine whether coralline-derived hydroxyapatite is a suitable bone graft substitute in cervical interbody fusion. Summary of Background Data. Tricortical iliac crest bone is the “gold standard” graft material for cervical interbody fusion. Various bone substitutes have been used for this procedure to avoid potential donor site morbidity. ProOsteon 200 is a coralline-derived hydroxyapatite product, the use of which remains unclear for cervical interbody fusion. Methods. In this study, 29 patients undergoing anterior cervical fusion and plating were randomized to receive either ProOsteon 200 or iliac crest grafts. The SF-36 and Oswestry Disability Index were used to measure clinical outcome. Postoperative radiographs were analyzed for graft fragmentation, loss of height, angular alignment, and hardware failure to assess structural integrity of the graft material. Plain radiographs and computed tomography scans were used to evaluate fusion. Results. Both the ProOsteon 200 and iliac crest groups demonstrated significant improvement in clinical outcome scores. There was no significant difference in clinical outcome or fusion rates between the two groups. Graft fragmentation occurred in 89% of the hydroxyapatite grafts and 11% of the autografts (P = 0.001). Significant graft settling occurred in 50% of the hydroxyapatite grafts, as compared with 11% of the autografts (P = 0. 009). One patient in the ProOsteon 200 group required revision surgery for graft failure. Conclusions. ProOsteon 200 does not possess adequate structural integrity to resist axial loading and maintain disc height or segmental lordosis during cervical interbody fusion.
In Vivo Human Retinal Blood Flow Imaging using Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. A. Izatt, S. Yazdanfar, and A. M. Rollins, "In Vivo Human Retinal Blood Flow Imaging using Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography," in Biomedical Optics, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper JWA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Understanding and optimizing the performance of distributed machine learning applications on apache spark (2017)

In this paper we explore the performance limits of Apache Spark for machine learning applications. We begin by analyzing the characteristics of a state-of-the-art distributed machine learning algorithm implemented in Spark and compare it to an equivalent reference implementation using the high performance computing framework MPI. We identify critical bottlenecks of the Spark framework and carefully study their implications on the performance of the algorithm. In order to improve Spark performance we then propose a number of practical techniques to alleviate some of its overheads. However, optimizing computational efficiency and framework related overheads is not the only key to performance — we demonstrate that in order to get the best performance out of any implementation it is necessary to carefully tune the algorithm to the respective trade-off between computation time and communication latency. The optimal trade-off depends on both the properties of the distributed algorithm as well as infrastructure and framework-related characteristics. Finally, we apply these technical and algorithmic optimizations to three different distributed linear machine learning algorithms that have been implemented in Spark. We present results using five large datasets and demonstrate that by using the proposed optimizations, we can achieve a reduction in the performance difference between Spark and MPI from 20x to 2x.
Stereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of cis‐Pellitorine, a Taste Active Alkamide Naturally Occurring in Tarragon (2004)

Abstract The alkamide cis ‐pellitorine [(2 E ,4 Z )‐ N ‐isobutyldeca‐2,4‐dienamide] that occurs naturally in tarragon was prepared in yields up to 80% by lipase‐catalyzed conversion of ethyl 2 E ,4 Z ‐decadienoate, the so‐called pear ester, and isobutylamine both with and without the use of cosolvents. Of 13 different commercial enzyme preparations tested (lipases, proteases, esterases), only the lipase type B from Candida antarctica has a suitable activity. The reaction of the different geometric isomers of ethyl 2,4‐decadienoate to the appropriate pellitorines shows a remarkable selectivity: the 2 E ,4 Z ester is converted between 1.4 and 3.9 times faster than the 2 E ,4 E isomer, and the relative yield of cis ‐pellitorine compared with trans ‐pellitorine is 5.7 to 16.3 times higher. In contrast to the better known trans ‐pellitorine, which at 10 ppm is only slightly tingling and numbing, cis ‐pellitorine shows very interesting pungent and warming sensations after tasting trials already in low concentrations of 10 ppm. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Compression of mJ-scale chirped-amplified pulses to sub-20 fs using high-dispersive mirrors (2010)

We presented the development of an all-dispersive-mirror compressor for sub-TW CPA systems. The compression of 4.8-ps 1.4-mJ amplified stretched pulses to 19.1 fs is demonstrated, using 52 reflections on high-dispersive mirrors with ~90% throughput.
Automated Image-Based Mapping (1999)

We describe an approach to the automated construction of visual maps of an unknown environment. These maps take the form of image-based &amp;quot;walk-throughs&amp;quot; rather than 2D or 3D models. Our approach is based on the selection of informative viewpoints within the environment. These viewpoints are locations in the environment associated with views containing maximal visual interest. This approach to environment representation is analogous to image compression. Our goal is to obtain a set of representative views resembling those that would be selected by a human observer given the same task. Our computational procedure is inspired by models of human visual attention appearing in the literature on human psychophysics. We make use of the underlying edge structure of a scene, as it is largely una #ected by variations in illumination. Our implementation uses a mobile robot to traverse the environment, and then builds an image-based virtual representation of the environment, only keeping the views whose responses were highest. We demonstrate the e#ectiveness of our attention operator on both single images, and in viewpoint selection within an unknown environment. Keywords: image-based virtual reality, environment representation, visual attention, mobile robotics I.
Analysis of Relation Between Magnetic Cluster Size Distribution and Signal Quality for High-Density Recording (2010)

We examined the relationship between media cluster size distribution and signal quality to obtain a guideline for developing high-density recording media. Both spin-stand measurement and micromagnetics simulation were used. The cluster size distribution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of various recording media were evaluated, and the relationship between the two was analyzed by multiple regression. The results demonstrate that the media SNR could be quantitatively estimated from the cluster size distribution (both average sizes and size deviations). Although reducing either the average size or the size deviation was effective for improving the SNR, the impact of reducing the average size was much larger. Moreover, the influence of the average size on the SNR increased as linear density increased due to transition percolation. We concluded that providing guidelines for developing each individual medium at the target recording density is a key step. For high-density recording, in particular, focusing on a small average cluster size is essential in developing media.
Structure, dynamics and immunogenicity of a catalytically inactive CXC chemokine-degrading protease SpyCEP from Streptococcus pyogenes (2020)

Over 18 million disease cases and half a million deaths worldwide are estimated to be caused annually by Group A Streptococcus. A vaccine to prevent GAS disease is urgently needed. SpyCEP (Streptococcus <i>pyogenes</i> Cell-Envelope Proteinase) is a surface-exposed serine protease that inactivates chemokines, impairing neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance, and has shown promising immunogenicity in preclinical models. Although SpyCEP structure has been partially characterized, a more complete and higher resolution understanding of its antigenic features would be desirable prior to large scale manufacturing. To address these gaps and facilitate development of this globally important vaccine, we performed immunogenicity studies with a safety-engineered SpyCEP mutant, and comprehensively characterized its structure by combining X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the catalytically-inactive SpyCEP antigen conferred protection similar to wild-type SpyCEP in a mouse infection model. Further, a new higher-resolution crystal structure of the inactive SpyCEP mutant provided new insights into this large chemokine protease comprising nine domains derived from two non-covalently linked fragments. NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulation analyses revealed conformational flexibility that is likely important for optimal substrate recognition and overall function. These combined immunogenicity and structural data demonstrate that the full-length SpyCEP inactive mutant is a strong candidate human vaccine antigen. These findings show how a multi-disciplinary study was used to overcome obstacles in the development of a GAS vaccine, an approach applicable to other future vaccine programs. Moreover, the information provided may also facilitate the structure-based discovery of small-molecule therapeutics targeting SpyCEP protease inhibition.
Accumulation of Promoter Methylation Suggests Epigenetic Progression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus (2006)

These findings suggest that epigenetic progression parallels the histologic changes observed in the progression of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.
Two step recovery of jointly sparse and low-rank matrices: Theoretical guarantees (2015)

We introduce a two step algorithm with theoretical guarantees to recover a jointly sparse and low-rank matrix from undersampled measurements of its columns. The algorithm first estimates the row subspace of the matrix using a set of common measurements of the columns. In the second step, the subspace aware recovery of the matrix is solved using a simple least square algorithm. The results are verified in the context of recovering CINE data from undersampled measurements; we obtain good recovery when the sampling conditions are satisfied.
Nutritional deficiency recapitulates intestinal injury associated with environmental enteric dysfunction in patient-derived Organ Chips (2021)

ABSTRACT Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine characterized by villus blunting, compromised intestinal barrier function, and reduced nutrient absorption. Here, we show that key genotypic and phenotypic features of EED-associated intestinal injury can be reconstituted in a human intestine-on-a-chip (Intestine Chip) microfluidic culture device lined by organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells from EED patients and cultured in niacinamide- and tryptophan-deficient (-N/-T) medium. Exposure of EED Intestine Chips to -N/-T deficiencies resulted in transcriptional changes similar to those seen in clinical EED patient samples including congruent changes in six of the top ten upregulated genes. Exposure of EED Intestine Chips or chips lined by healthy intestinal epithelium (healthy Intestine Chips) to -N/-T medium resulted in severe villus blunting and barrier dysfunction, as well as impairment of fatty acid uptake and amino acid transport. EED Intestine Chips exhibited reduced secretion of cytokines at baseline, but their production was significantly upregulated compared to healthy Intestine Chips when exposed to -N/-T deficiencies. The human Intestine Chip model of EED-associated intestinal injury may be useful for analyzing the molecular, genetic, and nutritional basis of this disease and can serve as a preclinical model for testing potential EED therapeutics.
Misorientation dependence of grain boundary sliding in 〈1010〉 tilt zinc bicrystals (1979)

Abstract The misorientation dependence of grain boundary sliding and effects of grain boundary structure and crystal deformation on sliding have been studied by experiments using 〈1010〉 tilt zinc bicrystals with different misorientations. The results have shown that grain boundary sliding strongly depends on the misorientation and is difficult in exact- or slightly off-coincidence boundaries. A cusp found near a tilt angle of 55° is explained by the existence of a 56·6°〈1010〉/〉/Σ9 near-coincidence boundary. The observations are interpreted on a dislocation mechanism for sliding which is based on the movement of crystal lattice dislocations along the grain boundary by a combination of climb and glide.
249. Preliminary Results of a Phase 1, Open-Label, Safety and Tolerability Study of a Single Intravitreal Injection of AAV2-sFLT01 in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2016)

Clinical Trial: www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01024998 Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in the development of the neovascular AMD (wet AMD), the most common cause of new onset blindness in elderly adults. While intravitreal (IVT) administration of anti-VEGF agents are effective for improving vision in wet AMD patients, the need for repeated monthly IVT injections imposes a burden on patients and ophthalmologists which may limit the realization of the full benefits of VEGF inhibition. AAV2-sFLT01 is a replication defective, recombinant adeno-associated virus (serotype 2) vector (AAV2) that encodes sFLT01, a novel soluble chimeric protein composed of domain 2 of VEGF receptor 1 and the Fc region of human Immunoglobulin G type 1 (IgG1). We investigated the safety and tolerability of a single IVT administration of AAV2-sFLT01 in wet AMD patients. Methods: The study was a Phase 1, open-label,, dose-escalating, safety and tolerability study conducted in 4 sites in the USA. 5 cohorts of patients with BCVA of ≤20/100 in the study eye received a single IVT injection of one of four AAV2-sFLT01 doses (2×108, 2×109, 6×109, or 2×1010 vg). Patients in cohorts 1-4 had subfoveal disciform scarring, while cohort 5 patients had responsiveness to an anti-VEGF therapy within 12 months prior to enrollment. All patients were monitored for 52 weeks following the injection in the core study, and encouraged to participate in the extended follow-up program for up to 4 years. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of adverse events. Biological activity was evaluated by changes from baseline in sub/intraretinal fluid by optical coherence tomography (OCT), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and sFLT01 protein level detected in the aqueous fluid. Results: 19 patients with end-stage/advanced wet AMD (53% males, median age 77.0 years, median time since diagnosis of AMD of 5.4 years and median basal BCVA of 22.0 letters) were treated. All patients completed the 52-week study with 17 patients consenting to the 4 year extended follow-up study. Overall, the treatment was considered safe and tolerable with no dose-limiting toxicity observed in any dose level. 11/19 patients were expected to show an anti-VEGF response clinically. Of them, transient (2 patients) and sustained (4 patients) reduction in retinal thickness suggested a biological effect of the treatment. Aqueous sFLT01 protein expression was identified in 5 patients receiving 2×1010 vg. Post-treatment changes in BCVA did not correlate with other parameters of biological activity. Conclusion: Despite advanced disease state, a sustained reduction in retinal fluid in four patients provides evidence of biological activity supporting the concept that a sustained therapeutic anti-VEGF level can be achieved following a single intravitreal administration of an ocular gene therapy.
Genetic and expression analyses reveal elevated expression of syntaxin 1A ( STX1A) in high functioning autism (2008)

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder diagnosed in early childhood. Abnormalities of serotonergic neurotransmission have been reported in autism. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which modulates serotonin levels, is a major therapeutic target in autism. Therefore, factors that regulate 5-HTT expression might be implicated in autism. One candidate 5-HTT-regulatory protein is the presynaptic protein, syntaxin 1A (STX1A). We examined the association of STX1A with autism in a trio association study using DNA samples from 249 AGRE trios with autistic probands. Only male probands were selected, since autism is more prevalent among males. The probands of 102 trios had IQ>70, and were considered as high functioning autism (HFA). In transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis, rs2293485 (p=0.034) and rs4717806 (p=0.033) showed nominal associations with HFA; modest haplotype association was also observed. The SNPs that showed associations were related to early developmental abnormalities (ADI-R_D). We further compared STX1A mRNA expression in the lymphocytes of drug-naive HFA patients (n=12) and age- and sex-matched controls (n=13). STX1A expression in the HFA group was significantly higher (p=0.001) than that of controls. Thus, we suggest a possible role of STX1A in the pathogenesis of HFA. During early childhood, there is a period of high brain serotonin synthesis that is disrupted in autistic children; STX1A might influence the serotonergic system during this stage of neurodevelopment, as implied by the association with ADI-R_D.
Hepsin cooperates with MYC in the progression of adenocarcinoma in a prostate cancer mouse model (2009)

Although we did not detect any metastases from the prostates in either the PB-hepsin/PB-Hi-myc or the PB-Hi-myc mice, our data suggests that hepsin and myc cooperate during the progression to high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma.