gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide Nanosystems for Future Progress in Cardiovascular Pathologies (2014)

Natural polysaccharides have received a lot of attention in the biomedical field. Indeed, sources of polysaccharides, extracted or produced from plants, bacteria, fungi or algae, are diverse and renewable. Moreover, recent progresses in polysaccharide chemistry and nanotechnologies allow elaborating new dedicated nanosystems. Polysaccharide-based nanosystems may be designed for interacting in several biological processes. In particular, the atherothrombotic pathology is highly concerned by polysaccharide-mediated recognition. Atherothrombotic diseases, regardless of the anatomical localization, remain the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. This review intends to provide an overview on polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems and targeted contrast agents for molecular imaging with an emphasis on the treatment and imaging of cardiovascular pathologies.
SEG's Web site: Nice … very nice! (2003)

Did you notice that the SEG Web site has had a face-lift? It's true. The new Web site, launched in March 2003, looks nicer, feels better, has a vast amount of information, and is better organized. But, before getting into the details of our updated Web site, let's look at the big picture. As Joe Dellinger, chairman of the Online Governing Board for the last seven years puts it: “It is still the wild west days of the Internet.” To me this means that we can expect significant changes in the way we work, the way we use the Internet, and particularly how the Internet will benefit SEG members and nonmembers alike … and no, I'm not talking about online video games!
Pseudo-active sites of protease domains: HGF/Met and Sonic hedgehog signaling in cancer (2010)

Proteases represent a large class of enzymes with crucial biological functions. Although targeting various relevant proteases for therapeutic intervention has been widely investigated, structurally related proteins lacking proteolytic activity (pseudo-proteases) have received relatively little attention. Two distinct clinically relevant cancer pathways that contain signaling proteins with pseudo-protease domains include the Met and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways. The receptor tyrosine kinase Met pathway is driven by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a plasminogen-related ligand that binds Met and activates intracellular pathways resulting in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, motility and survival. HGF is a disulfide-linked alpha/beta-heterodimer having a trypsin serine protease-like beta-chain. The Hh pathway is driven by Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which has a Zn(2+) metalloprotease fold and binds Patched1 (Ptc1), which de-represses Smoothened and ultimately activates Gli-dependent transcription. Although HGF and Shh differ in structure and function, the pseudo-catalytic sites of both HGF and Shh are crucial for signal transduction. For HGF, this region binds the Met beta-propeller domain, which leads to Met dimerization and signaling. For Hh, this region binds to the antagonist receptor Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip) and most probably to Ptc1 as well. Thus, for both HGF and Hh pathways, targeting ligand pseudo-active sites represents a new strategy for regulation.
Managing wire scaling: a circuit perspective (2004)

We update prior wire scaling studies with data from the 2001 and 2002 ITRS roadmaps, extending out to the 13 nm node. Combining this data with more sophisticated wire models, over nine generations we see both local and global wires degrading relative to gates, by one and three orders of magnitude respectively. However, using repeaters for global wires as well as for the relatively few long local wires improves them significantly and makes local wires track gate delays. Inductive effects for delay are negligible, and inductive noise, given relatively lowcost design heuristics, is insignificant compared to capacitive noise. Wire aspect ratio sets capacitive coupling, and is limited to 2.2 in the ITRS roadmap to limit this noise. However, at this ratio designers already need to employ a number of noise countermeasures, whose effectiveness imply that noise need no longer be a principal reason to limit wire aspect ratios.
Algebraic gossip on Arbitrary Networks (2009)

Abstract — Consider a network of nodes where each node has a message to communicate to all other nodes. For this communication problem, we analyze a gossip based protocol where coded messages are exchanged. This problem was studied in [4] where a bound to the dissemination time based on the spectral properties of the underlying communication graph is provided. Our contribution is a uniform bound that holds for arbitrary networks. I.
Target‐site resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in Apera spica‐venti populations is conferred by documented and previously unknown mutations (2011)

Massa D, Krenz B &amp; Gerhards R (2011). Target‐site resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in Apera spica‐venti populations is conferred by documented and previously unknown mutations. Weed Research 51 , 294–303. Summary In this study, whole‐plant bioassays were performed on 72 Apera spica‐venti populations that have survived application of acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides in recent years. Molecular genetic analysis of the ALS gene revealed a Thr mutation at Pro 197 within 67 populations. Sequencing of the whole ALS gene from wild‐type and resistant plants not carrying the above‐mentioned mutation revealed the presence of a Leu mutation at Trp 574 within two populations and an Asn mutation at Pro 197 within two populations. As the Pro 197 ‐Asn amino acid substitution is reported for the first time in a field‐selected weed population, a Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) marker was developed for its quick detection. In addition, one novel mutation was found within a population that coded for a His substitution at Arg 377 . Enzyme assays confirmed a significant reduction in inhibition of ALS activity compared with the wild type. This population showed resistance to sulfonylureas (SUs) and cross‐resistance to sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones (SCTs) and triazolopyrimidines (TPs) within the whole‐plant bioassays. ALS protein sequence alignments from weedy and cultural plants revealed that the Arg377 is highly conserved among known wild‐type enzymes. In agreement with existing literature concerning the structure and mechanisms of inhibition of plant ALS, this mutation is probably involved in target‐site resistance to ALS inhibitors. Our results suggest that further single‐nucleotide polymorphisms impairing proper herbicide performance might be selected within field populations in the near future, making the short‐ and long‐range evolution of target‐site resistance difficult to predict depending solely on herbicide use history.
A novel fabrication method of microcapillaries via silicon surface migration and their application to single cell analysis (2013)

We report a novel method of fabricating self-enclosed cylindrical microcapillaries with diameters from 0.8μm to 2.8μm based on silicon surface migration process. Such microcapillaries are conveniently integrated with access ports and microchannels for fluidic functionality. The silicon microcapillary walls oxidized are turned into transparent silica and remain intact upon removal of the surrounding silicon for optical clarity. Perpendicular turns and junctions are introduced without compromising their fluidic continuity. The self-enclosed microcapillaries can be further deposited with epitaxial silicon to raise and smoothen their surface. A raised surface over the microcapillaries prevents unnatural deformation of the cells captured and analyzed at their openings.
Anti-Corrosive And Anti-Catalytic Cr2O3 Treated Gas Tubing System (2005)

We have developed a complete chromium oxide (Cr2O3) passivation technology on the SUS316L stainless steel surfaces for use in high purity gas distribution systems and process chambers. Cr2O3 passivated surface has a great characteristic of anti-corrosion and reduces the amount of adsorbed moisture and is very excellent for the dry down property. This surface also has good chemical stability for very active specialty gases such as SiH4. Furthermore we have succeeded in forming a complete Cr2O3 passivated film on the electropolished (EP) surface of ferritic stainless steel.
Approaches to Studying Smectic Layer Elasticity and Field Induced Deformations (2010)

The initial aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine smecticlayer compressibility with a view to improving our understanding of the stability ofintermediate phases. A natural starting point was to investigate the smectic-A phase,as it is the most basic of the smectic phases. The response of the layered structure toexternal fields is also a focus of this thesis as electric and magnetic fields enable thelayer properties to be probed.Investigations into the reorientation dynamics of smectic-A layers inmagnetic fields were performed using geometries and cell thicknesses (>50 ?m) thatare not feasible using electric fields. Data presented in this thesis show that threedistinct reorientation mechanisms can occur, one of which is previously unreportedand bridges the gap between the previously known mechanisms. The newmechanism observed in 270 ?m and 340 ?m thickness cells exhibits multiple stagereorientation on a timescale between tens and hundreds of seconds.Using conventional electro-optic techniques combined with a theoreticalapproach developed by others, this thesis presents a new technique to providemeasurement of relative smectic layer compressibility of eight smectic-A liquidcrystalline materials. The method presented here combines data on cell thickness,dielectric anisotropy and the measurement of the voltage threshold of the toroidal tostripe domain transition. As expected, the experimental data indicated that materialswith shorter molecular lengths had the largest relative layer compressibility. Finally, direct measurement of smectic layer compressibility was investigated and the design of an apparatus capable of such measurements was undertaken. Preliminary results from such an apparatus are presented along with a discussion on the steps taken to develop the design.
Extended orthogonal matching pursuit for robust and fast target localisation in multiple‐input multiple‐output radar (2017)

The multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar combines ultra‐wide angular illumination on transmit and narrow transmission angular resolution after processing on receive. Orthogonal waveforms are needed in theory for all independent transmitters, but this property is usually not achievable in practice, therefore leading to a degraded ambiguity function. In this study, the authors focus on phase codes waveform, which gives quasi‐optimal angle and range resolution. On the other hand, they induce a harmful ‘floor’ of high‐level sidelobes in the range–angle domain. The authors propose to apply the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) to the MIMO radar signals. Therefore, it becomes theoretically possible to detect targets initially hidden by high‐level sidelobes. Nevertheless, the authors identify phenomenon (grid granularity, neighbour influence) that lead to possible localisation error resulting in ghost targets. Considering this, the authors propose an extension of the OMP rejection step that includes, in addition to the expected target position, the neighbour positions within the uncertainty area. The authors show that this extension allows them to suppress the sensibility of the OMP to localisation error, even in case of very close targets. Finally, the authors demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on simulations as well as on experimental MIMO radar signals.
Observing Nocturnal Birds Using Localization Techniques (2021)

Although nocturnal birds in Japan are rare, they often play critical roles in the ecosystem. Because they are elusive, however, the accurate and efficient monitoring of such birds, has been a challenge for field researchers. Furthermore, difficulties multiply when the population size of the target species is decreasing. This paper introduces recording examples conducted in the field to secretively monitor nocturnal birds in different environments, using localization techniques. We observed two different species, the ruddy-breasted crake (Porzana Fusca) in wetland and the Ural owls (Strix uralensis) in a forest, both of which are rare and their conservation is of environmental concern. We localized the territorial calls of crakes, and the feeding and fledgling scenes of owls, derived from one or multiple microphone arrays. The localized sounds successfully captured the fine-scale movements of these species in space and time, which cannot be easily obtained from any other monitoring method. Our results provide the first cases of monitoring such rare species using microphone arrays in the field.
Magnetic loading of EBG AMC ground planes and ultrathin absorbers for improved bandwidth performance and reduced size (2006)

Abstract This paper demonstrates the advantages of magnetic loading within the substrate of an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surface. A conventional EBG surface has been shown to act as an artificial magnetic conductor over a narrow bandwidth. This paper demonstrates that by magnetic loading of the substrate, increased operating bandwidth is achieved for each resonant frequency. In addition, previous research has revealed that an ultrathin electromagnetic absorber design can be obtained by introducing loss into the frequency selective surface of an EBG absorber. It is now shown that a further reduction in thickness is possible by including a small amount of magnetic permeability within the dielectric substrate material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2468–2471, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21972
Supplemental Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 from Malignant Astrocytic Tumor Progression Potentiated by JAK-mediated Recruitment of Myeloid Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. CD11b+ myeloid cells in glioma correlate to tumor grade. Supplemental Figure 2. Schematic depicted for bone marrow transplant of RCAS tumor bearing animals. Supplemental Figure 3. Analysis of tumor sections for necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Supplemental Figure 4. AZD1480 impairs phosphorylation of Stat3 but has no effect in vitro and IDH status&lt;/p&gt;
Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer genes (2013)

Major international projects are underway that are aimed at creating a comprehensive catalogue of all the genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve the sequencing of matched tumour–normal samples followed by mathematical analysis to identify those genes in which mutations occur more frequently than expected by random chance. Here we describe a fundamental problem with cancer genome studies: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds. The list includes many implausible genes (such as those encoding olfactory receptors and the muscle protein titin), suggesting extensive false-positive findings that overshadow true driver events. We show that this problem stems largely from mutational heterogeneity and provide a novel analytical methodology, MutSigCV, for resolving the problem. We apply MutSigCV to exome sequences from 3,083 tumour–normal pairs and discover extraordinary variation in mutation frequency and spectrum within cancer types, which sheds light on mutational processes and disease aetiology, and in mutation frequency across the genome, which is strongly correlated with DNA replication timing and also with transcriptional activity. By incorporating mutational heterogeneity into the analyses, MutSigCV is able to eliminate most of the apparent artefactual findings and enable the identification of genes truly associated with cancer.
Enantioselective polymerizations of achiral isocyanides. Preparation of optically active helical polymers using chiral nickel catalysts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective polymerizations of achiral isocyanides. Preparation of optically active helical polymers using chiral nickel catalystsTimothy J. Deming and Bruce M. NovakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 20, 7926–7927Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00046a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00046a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views552Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
1-800-OVERLAYS (2005)

The cost savings and novel features associated with Voice over IP (VoIP) are driving its adoption by service providers. Such a transition however can successfully happen only if the quality and reliability offered is comparable to the existing PSTN. Unfortunately, the Internet's best effort service model provides no inherent quality of service guarantees. Because low latency and jitter is the key requirement for supporting high quality interactive conversations, VoIP applications use UDP to transfer data, thereby subjecting themselves to performance degradations caused by packet loss and network failures.In this paper we describe two algorithms to improve the performance of such VoIP applications. These mechanisms are used for localized packet loss recovery and rapid rerouting in the event of network failures. The algorithms are deployed on the routers of an application-level overlay network and require no changes to the underlying infrastructure. Initial experimental results indicate that these two approaches can be composed to yield voice quality on par with the PSTN.
D:A-Friedooleananes From Elaeodendron glaucum (1983)

Two new trioxygenated D:A-friedooleananes from the stem bark of Elaeodendron glaucum have been shown to be the angular methyl dioxygenated 25,28-dihydroxy-D:A-friedooleanan-3-one (2) and 25-hydroxy-3-oxo-D:A-friedooleanan-28-al (3).
Supplementary Data from A2AR Antagonism with CPI-444 Induces Antitumor Responses and Augments Efficacy to Anti–PD-(L)1 and Anti–CTLA-4 in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data&lt;/p&gt;
An implementation of the M-tree index structure for PostgreSQL using GiST (2019)

Several index structures are competing for efficient operations on various types of data, but there are some forms of information that cannot fit into the existing models, because by forcing them into one of the currently available representations they either lose some of their value or they do not have the necessary properties which would allow them to be used in the first place. In light of this, we implemented the M-tree [1] [2] index structure under the PostgreSQL database management system through a GiST [3] extension to facilitate efficient range-based queries and k-nearest neighbor searches on data that resides only in a metric space. The M-tree structure has parts that require heuristics, of which the implementations are not entirely specified, only suggestions are given. This allows flexibility for adapting to different situations and leaves space for further improvements. We implemented several of the strategies proposed in the original paper alongside some of our own ideas and saw significant speed gains when compared to a sequential scan, our main reference, as the other built-in index structures are not applicable to metric spaces.
Pharmacokinetics of the nonsteroidal steroid sulphatase inhibitor 667 COUMATE and its sequestration into red blood cells in rats (2004)

Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in Western countries and there is an urgent requirement for novel treatment strategies. The nonsteroidal sulphatase inhibitor 667 COUMATE inhibits hepatic steroid sulphatase and growth of oestrone sulphate stimulated tumours in the nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary model. Other compounds that contain an aryl sulphamate moiety, for example, oestrone-3-O-sulphamate, are sequestered into red blood cells (RBCs). The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of 667 COUMATE and to investigate its sequestration into RBCs. We administered a single p.o. or i.v. dose (10 mg kg(-1)) of 667 COUMATE to rats and used a high-performance liquid chromatography method to measure the levels of the agent and its putative metabolites in plasma. 667 COUMATE had a bioavailability of 95% and could be detected in plasma for up to 8 h. Using two independent analytical methods, we demonstrated that 667 COUMATE is sequestered by RBCs both ex vivo and in vivo. Previous investigations have revealed that 667 COUMATE is rapidly degraded in plasma ex vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that 667 COUMATE is stabilised due to its sequestration into RBCs. In conclusion, the pharmacological efficacy and high oral bioavailability of 667 COUMATE may be partly a consequence of the ability of RBCs to both protect the agent from metabolic degradation and facilitate its transport to tissues. These data support the further clinical evaluation of this novel endocrine therapeutic agent.
Light-Assisted Oxidation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns for Abundant Creation of Oxygenated Groups That Enable Chemical Modifications with Proteins To Enhance Biocompatibility (2007)

We show that light-assisted oxidation with hydrogen peroxide effectively and rapidly opens holes in carbon nanohorn walls and, more importantly, creates abundant oxygenated groups such as carboxylic groups at the hole edges. These oxygenated groups reacted with the protein bovine serum albumin. The obtained conjugates were highly dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline and were taken up by cultured mammalian cells via an endocytosis pathway.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Pt/BLT/HfSiON/Si STRUCTURE FOR 1T-TYPE FERROELECTRIC MEMORY (2006)

ABSTRACT Using HfSiON as a buffer layer, we fabricated metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MFIS FET). The HfSiON film was deposited in a high vacuum chamber with electron beam evaporation. A HfSiON film was amorphous even after annealing at 800°C in O2 atmosphere. MFIS diodes with a Pt/BLT((Bi,La)4Ti3O12)/HfSiON/Si structure showed hysteresis loop with a 0.5 V memory window when the voltage was swept between 5 V and −5 V. When the diode was biased in the hysteresis loop, the high and low capacitance values were kept at least for 24 hours. P-channel MFIS FET with a Pt/BLT((Bi,La)4Ti3O12)/HfSiON/Si structure showed the hysteretic Ids-Vg characteristic with 0.5 V memory window width, when a gate voltage was swept between 5 V and −5 V.