gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature mid-IR lasers for on-line measurements of trace combustion generated pollutants (2004)

Measurements of NO and CO in combustion exhaust gases are reported using thermo-electrically cooled, mid-IR quantum cascade lasers operating near 5.26 and 4.62 /spl mu/m respectively. Measurements of NO are performed in an insulated exhaust duct of a C/sub 2/H/sub 4/-airflame at temperatures of approximately 600 K. CO measurements are performed above a rich H/sub 2/-air flame seeded with CO/sub 2/ and diluted with N/sub 2/ to 1150 K. Sensitivities on the order of 0.36 ppm-m are achieved in the case of NO and 0.21 ppm-m in the case of CO using a balanced ratiometric detection technique. Comparisons between measured and predicted water-vapor and CO/sub 2/ interference is discussed.
Dynamic Modeling of Compliant Mechanisms Based on the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (2005)

Based on the principle of dynamic equivalence, a new dynamic model of compliant mechanisms is developed using the pseudo-rigid-body model. The dynamic equation of general planar compliant mechanisms is derived. The natural frequency of a compliant mechanism is obtained in the example of a planar compliant parallel-guiding mechanism. The numerical results show the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method compared with the methods of FEA and flexible mechanisms.
Discrete Random Dopant Fluctuation Impact on Nanoscale Dopant-Segregated Schottky-Barrier Nanowires (2012)

The impact of discrete random dopant fluctuations on 10-nm-long high-performance Schottky-barrier (SB) dopant-segregated (DS) nanowire MOSFETs is investigated through nonequilibrium Green's function quantum simulations. Using DS, nanoscale SB-FETs could outperform standard doped source and drain FETs in terms of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> . By reintroducing dopants in SB, however, variability problems are unavoidable and will be strong, at least for thin-width SB-FETs, because of the dopant influence on the SB profile on which the tunneling current is quite sensitive.
On the traveling salesman problem in binary Hamming spaces (1996)

Given a subset X of vertices of the n-cube (i.e., the n-dimensional Hamming space), we are interested in the solution of the traveling salesman problem; namely, the minimal length of a cycle passing through all vertices of X. For a given number M, we estimate the maximum of these lengths when X ranges over all possible choices of sets of M vertices. Asymptotically, our estimates show that for a number M of vertices growing exponentially in n, the maximum is attained for a code with maximal possible minimum distance.
Of Cameras and Clouds [Notes from the Editor] (2013)

Presents the editorial for this issue of the publication.
76 Patients (PTS) with recurrent gynecologic cancer whose tumors have activating wnt pathway mutations respond better to DKN-01, a DICKKOPF-1 (DKK1) inhibitor (2019)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently dysregulated in gynecologic malignancies. <i>CTNNB1</i>, <i>APC</i> and <i>RNF43</i> mutations cause pathway activation; <i>CTNNB1</i> stabilizing mutations lead to elevated DKK1 expression which promotes an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Neutralization by DKN-01 (D), a mAb against DKK1, is being tested in a phase 2 basket study. <h3>Methods</h3> Eligibility included recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) or platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer (OC) enriched (∼50%) for Wnt signaling-related genetic alterations. Subgroup analysis was done in pts with genetic alterations associated with activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling (<i>CTNNB1</i>, <i>APC</i> or<i> RNF43</i>). Pts were assigned (MD discretion) to receive D (300 mg on Days 1 &amp; 15) or D + paclitaxel (P) (80 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8 and 15) of a 28-day cycle. Primary endpoint is ORR; exploratory endpoints: DKK1 expression (serum/plasma/tumor), tumor genetics, infiltrating immune cells, and β-catenin IHC. <h3>Results</h3> 80 pts are enrolled: D (n=33, 19 EC, 14 OC); D + P (n=47; 28 EC, 19 OC); 18 pts with <i>CTNNB1</i> (n=13), <i>APC</i> (n=2), <i>RNF43</i> (n=2), or <i>CTNNB1 + RNF43</i> (n=1). 54 pts evaluable for response (table 1). D and D + P were safe and well tolerated with no additive toxicities. The trial is ongoing; updated safety, efficacy and correlative work are pending. <h3>Conclusions</h3> D and D + P have activity in pts with recurrent gyn cancers; the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation as a potential biomarker for response is currently under study. Clinical trial information: NCT03395080.
A Systematic Approach to the Discovery of Protein–Protein Interaction Stabilizers (2023)

Dysregulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) commonly leads to disease. PPI stabilization has only recently been systematically explored for drug discovery despite being a powerful approach to selectively target intrinsically disordered proteins and hub proteins, like 14-3-3, with multiple interaction partners. Disulfide tethering is a site-directed fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) methodology for identifying reversibly covalent small molecules. We explored the scope of disulfide tethering for the discovery of selective PPI stabilizers (molecular glues) using the hub protein 14-3-3σ. We screened complexes of 14-3-3 with 5 biologically and structurally diverse phosphopeptides derived from the 14-3-3 client proteins ERα, FOXO1, C-RAF, USP8, and SOS1. Stabilizing fragments were found for 4/5 client complexes. Structural elucidation of these complexes revealed the ability of some peptides to conformationally adapt to make productive interactions with the tethered fragments. We validated eight fragment stabilizers, six of which showed selectivity for one phosphopeptide client, and structurally characterized two nonselective hits and four fragments that selectively stabilized C-RAF or FOXO1. The most efficacious fragment increased 14-3-3σ/C-RAF phosphopeptide affinity by 430-fold. Disulfide tethering to the wildtype C38 in 14-3-3σ provided diverse structures for future optimization of 14-3-3/client stabilizers and highlighted a systematic method to discover molecular glues.
Real-Time Software-Defined Dynamic Resource Allocation using OpenFlow for Next-Generation OFDM-based Optical Access Networks (2014)

We demonstrate the first software-defined dynamic resource allocation of OFDM subcarriers and modulation formats using the OpenFlow protocol and real-time DSP. Dynamic resource allocation for HD video and text is achieved for 20km SSMF transmission.
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-B protein inhibits BECN1-dependent autophagic cell death (2012)

Bcl-2 family members are key modulators of apoptosis that have recently been shown to also regulate autophagy. It has been previously reported that Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) bind and inhibit BECN1, an essential mediator of autophagy. Bcl-B is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that possesses the four BH (Bcl-2 homology) domains (BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4) and a predicted C-terminal trans-membrane domain. Although the anti-apoptotic properties of Bcl-B are well characterized, its physiological function remains to be established. In the present study, we first established that Bcl-B interacts with the BH3 domain of BECN1. We also showed that Bcl-B overexpression reduces autophagy triggered by a variety of pro-autophagic stimuli. This impairment of autophagy was closely related to the capacity of Bcl-B to bind to BECN1. Importantly, we have demonstrated that Bcl-B knockdown triggers autophagic cell death and sensitizes cells to amino acid starvation. The cell death induced by Bcl-B knockdown was partially dependent on components of the autophagy machinery (LC3; BECN1; ATG5). These findings reveal a new role of Bcl-B in the regulation of autophagy.
Voltage-dependent block of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channel by two closely related arylaminobenzoates. (1993)

The gene defective in cystic fibrosis encodes a Cl- channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is blocked by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) when applied extracellularly at millimolar concentrations. We studied the block of CFTR expressed in Xenopus oocytes by DPC or by a closely related molecule, flufenamic acid (FFA). Block of whole-cell CFTR currents by bath-applied DPC or by FFA, both at 200 microM, requires several minutes to reach full effect. Blockade is voltage dependent, suggesting open-channel block: currents at positive potentials are not affected but currents at negative potentials are reduced. The binding site for both drugs senses approximately 40% of the electric field across the membrane, measured from the inside. In single-channel recordings from excised patches without blockers, the conductance was 8.0 +/- 0.4 pS in symmetric 150 mM Cl-. A subconductance state, measuring approximately 60% of the main conductance, was often observed. Bursts to the full open state lasting up to tens of seconds were uninterrupted at depolarizing membrane voltages. At hyperpolarizing voltages, bursts were interrupted by brief closures. Either DPC or FFA (50 microM) applied to the cytoplasmic or extracellular face of the channel led to an increase in flicker at Vm = -100 mV and not at Vm = +100 mV, in agreement with whole-cell experiments. DPC induced a higher frequency of flickers from the cytoplasmic side than the extracellular side. FFA produced longer closures than DPC; the FFA closed time was roughly equal (approximately 1.2 ms) at -100 mV with application from either side. In cell-attached patch recordings with DPC or FFA applied to the bath, there was flickery block at Vm = -100 mV, confirming that the drugs permeate through the membrane to reach the binding site. The data are consistent with the presence of a single binding site for both drugs, reached from either end of the channel. Open-channel block by DPC or FFA may offer tools for use with site-directed mutagenesis to describe the permeation pathway.
Filter Bank Design for DFT Based Transmultiplexers (2005)

This paper investigates the application of filter bank design techniques on the DFT based transmultiplexers to ameliorate the effects of in-band aliasing and consequently improve the performance of the system. With this approach, one is allowed flexibility in the design of the synthesis and analysis filters. Hence, a suitable prototype filter can be selected and specific values assigned to its parameters, namely the cut-off frequency, main lobe width and side lobe amplitudes so as to construct an ideal filter for optimal recovery. Investigation results depict that increasing the cut-off frequency of the prototype filter by a small increment, enhances system performance through the widening of the stopband tolerance region which reduces the effect of aliasing. Simulations also show that using a Kaiser prototype filter with a wide main lobe and low side lobe amplitudes generates the most favorable results. Moreover, it was observed that the performance of the transmultiplexer can be improved by increasing the number of sub-carriers and oversampling factor. The evaluation of the transmultiplexer structure for this paper was assessed in terms of its bit error-rate (BER) performance.
Study of system ESD codesign of a realistic mobile board (2011)

Based on a mobile reference board a full system ESD IC/board codesign flow was examined. Accurate high current transient models of the components and extracted board parasitics were used to simulate the effect of voltage overshoots during the first peak of the IEC 61000–4–2 pulse
Fabrication and properties of heteroepitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4) tunnel junctions (1998)

Micron-size magnetic tunnel junctions consisting of ferromagnetic Fe3O4 electrodes, with MgO as a barrier layer, have been fabricated on (100) MgO substrates. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the Fe3O4/MgO/Fe3O4 trilayers grown by pulsed laser deposition are heteroepitaxial with abrupt interfaces. To achieve different coercivities for the top and bottom Fe3O4 layers, the trilayers are grown on MgO substrates with a CoCr2O4 buffer layer. The junctions exhibit nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and changes in junction resistance with applied field corresponding to the coercivities of the two magnetic layers. However, the observed magnetoresistance (∼0.5% at 300 K, ∼1.5% at 150 K) is much lower than would be expected for a highly spin-polarized system. Possible reasons for the reduced magnetoresistance are discussed.
How to predict product yield in kinetically controlled enzymatic peptide synthesis (1992)

The published theory of kinetically controlled enzymatic peptide synthesis needed experimental verification. We carried out the measurement of the peptide yield and estimation of the key parameters alpha and beta for papain-catalyzed synthesis of Mal-L-Phe-L-Ala-LLeuNH(2) from Mal-L-Phe-L-AlaOMe and L-LeuNH(2). The experimental results demonstrate that this theory adequately describes the real process.
CAD-Based Construction of Cerebral Artery Model and Numerical Analysis for Hemodynamics Study of Cerebral Arteries (2003)

This paper aims to simulate hemodynamics in cerebral artery netowrk like Circle Willis artery in which cerebral aneuryms occure frequent by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Since anatomic topology and geometry in the cerebral artery network is of great complexity and hereby we propose an efficient method in construction of realistic anatomic geometric model of the cerebral artery network system by means of using CAD tool.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of New Superconductors and Functional Materials, and Fabrication of Superconducting Tapes and Wires of Iron Pnictides (2015)

Abstract Review: [highlights of a research project supported by the Japanese Government; 535 ref]
ST1710–DNA complex crystal structure reveals the DNA binding mechanism of the MarR family of regulators (2009)

ST1710, a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of regulatory proteins in bacteria and archaea, plays important roles in development of antibiotic resistance, a global health problem. Here, we present the crystal structure of ST1710 from Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 complexed with salicylate, a well-known inhibitor of MarR proteins and the ST1710 complex with its promoter DNA, refined to 1.8 and 2.10 A resolutions, respectively. The ST1710-DNA complex shares the topology of apo-ST1710 and MarR proteins, with each subunit containing a winged helix-turn-helix (wHtH) DNA binding motif. Significantly large conformational changes occurred upon DNA binding and in each of the dimeric monomers in the asymmetric unit of the ST1710-DNA complex. Conserved wHtH loop residues interacting with the bound DNA and mutagenic analysis indicated that R89, R90 and K91 were important for DNA recognition. Significantly, the bound DNA exhibited a new binding mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Synthons via Combination of Bio‐ and Transition Metal Catalysis (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Keratinocyte collagenase-1 expression requires an epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine mechanism. VOLUME 274 (1999) PAGES 10372-10381 (2008)

It has recently come to our attention that the GAPDH loading control in Fig. 4A was a duplication of the same control published in a previous article using RNA from the same experiment. This duplication does not affect the central conclusions of this work. We apologize for any confusion this error may have caused.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Tungstoselenites Based on {Se2W12} Units. (2014)

Abstract Compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, 77 Se NMR, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy.
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography at the middle ear diagnostic (2019)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a contactless and non-invasive imaging technique. Due to the high resolution of some 10 µm and the penetration depth of 1-2 mm in scattering tissue, OCT closes the gap between microscopy and sonography. Here, we present a GRIN-based endoscopic OCT (eOCT) system for middle ear diagnostics. EOCT combines the benefit of endoscopic imaging and the advantage of morphological and functional investigation of the tympanic membrane (TM). The eOCT system has a working distance of 10 mm, which results in a field-of-view of 10 mm. This allows a full three-dimensional visualization of the TM and surrounding tissue. In addition, the oscillation of the TM can be measured spatially resolved and in the frequency range between 500 Hz and 5000 Hz with 125 Hz resolution, which is realized by phase-resolved Doppler-OCT. First clinical results are demonstrated for one selected cases, a middle ear effusion.
New kind of microstrip antenna:the monopolar wire-patch antenna (1994)

The Letter describes a new kind of microstrip antenna which uses an original resonance phenomenon due to the presence of ground wires near the coaxial feed probe. This antenna works like a short monopole for frequencies situated below the fundamental cavity resonance mode.
An experimentally validated dynamic model for spring-driven autoinjectors (2020)

This study focuses on developing a predictive dynamic model for spring-driven autoinjectors. The values of unknown physical parameters, such as the heat convection coefficient and the friction force between the plunger and the syringe barrel, are obtained by fitting the experimentally measured displacements of the plunger and the syringe barrel. The predicted kinematics of the components, such as the displacement and velocity of the syringe barrel, agree well with the experiments with a l<sup>2</sup>-norm error smaller than 10%. The predictions of the needle displacement at the start of drug delivery agree with the experimental measurements with a l<sup>2</sup>-norm error of 20%. The maximum air gap pressure and temperature decrease with the initial air gap height but increase with the elasticity and viscosity of the plunger and the mechanical stop. The proposed experimentally validated dynamic model can be effectively used for device design optimization as it is not computationally demanding.
Coulomb Blockade Spectroscopy of a MoS2 Nanotube (2019)

Low-temperature transport spectroscopy measurements on a quantum dot lithographically defined in a multiwall MoS2 nanotube are demonstrated. At T = 300 mK, clear Coulomb blockade is observed, with charging energies in the range of 1 meV. In single-electron tunneling, discrete conductance resonances are visible at finite bias. Additionally, a magnetic field perpendicular to the nanotube axis reveals clear indications of quantum state transitions, with effective g factors consistent with published theoretical predictions.
3D Printing High‐Resolution Conductive Elastomeric Structures with a Solid Particle‐Free Emulsion Ink (2021)

Fabricating complex structures on micro‐ and mesoscales is a critical aspect in the design of advanced sensors and soft electronics. However, soft lithographic methods offer an important approach to fabricating such structures, the progress in the field of additive manufacturing (e.g., 3D printing) offers methods of fabrication with much more material complexity. The rheological complexity of the printing material, however, often dictates the limitations of printing. In particular, the challenges involved in synthesizing printing materials that can enable shape retention at smaller scales (&lt;100 μm), yet be conductive, limits many applications of 3D printing to soft microelectronics. Herein, a printing‐centered approach using a novel particle‐free conductive emulsion ink is presented. This approach separates the printing and polymerization of a conductive monomer (pyrrole) and renders a novel ink that is used to print filaments with heretofore impossible to realize 3D feature dimensions and build structures with high shape retention. The printability of the ink is evaluated, and post‐treatment properties assessed. Multidirectional strain sensors are printed using the emulsion ink to illustrate an exemplary application in soft electronics.
Limitations on ultrafast optical switching in a semiconductor laser amplifier operating at transparency current (1999)

Ultrafast optical switching in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) at transparency current is studied under a strong pump condition. The switch configuration is a nonlinear optical loop mirror with a SLA as the nonlinear element. We demonstrate optical switching with 2 ps recovery time and 60% nonlinear transmission at switching energy of 9 pJ. We find that the transparency current is pump power dependent and that the transparency current is different for uniform 7-bit input control pulses at 100 Gb/s. We believe these two outcomes are due to significant carrier generation via two photon absorption (TPA) at high pump intensity. To verify our hypothesis, we modify coupled propagation equations by including the carrier generation due to the TPA and solve the equations numerically. Good agreement between the experimental and simulation results is obtained. We conclude that to achieve complete pattern-independent 100 Gb/s optical switching using a SLA at transparency current, we have to avoid TPA or use the SLA with a transit time shorter than the control pulse width.
Phospholipase A2 controls the membrane fatty acid uptake complex in hepatocytes (2012)

The mechanism by which fatty acids are taken up, i.e. by hepatocytes, and how this is regulated is unclear. Uncontrolled fat accumulation within the liver leads to steatosis and steaotohepatitis which are serious threats to health in Western populations. Here we show that fatty acid influx is mediated by a four-protein complex within specialized raft plasma membrane structures with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) serving as central regulator. Inhibition of PLA2 leads on the one hand to disintegration of the transport complex and at the same time to blockage of transporter biosynthesis by low lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) formation. Low LPC suppresses JNK1 activation and, thus, fatty acid influx and lipapoptosis.
Efficient runtime support for cluster-based distributed shared memory multiprocessors (1998)

Distributed shared memory (DSM) systems provide a shared memory programming paradigm on top of a physically distributed network of computers. The DSM system removes the necessity for programmers to move data explicitly between processors. The principle challenge in the development of an efficient DSM system lies in reducing the amount of communication necessary to maintain coherence to an absolute minimum. This thesis presents Brazos, a DSM system for use in an environment of symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) personal computers that are networked together by industry-standard 100 Mbps FastEthernet. Brazos is distinguished by its use of application-level multithreading, selective multicast, adaptive runtime mechanisms, and a unique performance history mechanism. Through the detailed analysis of twelve scientific programs, we show that Brazos outperforms the current state-of-the-art software DSM system by an average of 83%, and outperforms a version of the same DSM system that has been altered to take advantage of SMP personal computers by an average of 32%. Our results indicate that networks of commodity personal computers using available PC networks and operating systems can perform comparably on a wide variety of scientific applications to more traditional networks of high-end engineering workstations.