gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrane, CXXIII. Regio‐ und diastereoselektive Synthesen von Hexahydro‐4a,9‐propanoxanthenonen (1988)

Abstract Salicylidenaceton ( 2a ) reagiert mit Cyclohexanon ( 8a ) und NaH in DMSO überwiegend zum B/C‐ trans ‐Hexahydropropanoxanthenon 11a , das mit Salzsäure zum B/C‐ cis ‐Derivat 10a epimerisiert 2‐Methylcyclohexanon ( 8b ) setzt sich mit 2a zum Hexahydro‐4‐methylpropanoxanthenon 11b um, mit dem O ‐MEM‐Salicylidenaceton ( 2b ) dagegen reagiert 8b zum Hexahydro‐4a‐methylnaphthalinon 9e , das mit Salzsäure erst das B/C‐ trans ‐Derivat 11c , dann das B/C‐ cis ‐Derivat 10c , jeweils mit der Methylgruppe in 9a‐Stellung, bildet. Die Struktur des aus 11b mit LiAlH 4 gewonnenen Alkohols 12 wurde durch Röntgenstruktur‐analyse bewiesen. Aus 11b entstehen durch Umsetzung mit HN 3 und anschließende Reduktion die tetracyclischen Azepinderivate 29 und 30 . 30 ist im Tierversuch analgetisch wirksam.
Amelioration of Genetic Hypertension by Suppression of Renal G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase Type 4 Expression (2006)

Abnormalities in D 1 dopamine receptor function in the kidney are present in some types of human essential and rodent genetic hypertension. We hypothesize that increased activity of G protein–coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) causes the impaired renal D 1 receptor function in hypertension. We measured renal GRK4 and D 1 and serine-phosphorylated D 1 receptors and determined the effect of decreasing renal GRK4 protein by the chronic renal cortical interstitial infusion (4 weeks) of GRK4 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (As-Odns) in conscious- uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive controls, Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. Basal GRK4 expression and serine-phosphorylated D 1 receptors were &amp;90% higher in SHRs than in WKY rats and were decreased to a greater extent in SHRs than in WKY rats with GRK4 As-Odns treatment. Basal renal D 1 receptor protein was similar in both rat strains. GRK4 As-Odns, but not scrambled oligodeoxynucleotides, increased sodium excretion and urine volume, attenuated the increase in arterial blood pressure with age, and decreased protein excretion in SHRs, effects that were not observed in WKY rats. These studies provide direct evidence of a crucial role of renal GRK4 in the D 1 receptor control of sodium excretion and blood pressure in genetic hypertension.
Hydride vapor phase epitaxy of AlN: thermodynamic analysis of aluminum source and its application to growth (2003)

A thermodynamic analysis of the generation of gaseous aluminum chlorides by the reaction between aluminum (Al) metal and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is described for hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) of AlN. Regardless of the hydrogen mole fraction in the carrier gas, the major species of aluminum chloride is AlCl when the temperature of the Al metal is above 790 °C and is AlCl3 when the temperature is below 790 °C. Since AlCl3 is less reactive with quartz (SiO2) than AlCl, HVPE of AlN is possible using AlCl3 and NH3 even with a conventional system having a quartz reactor. Successful AlN HVPE on sapphire substrates is also reported. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mode-evolution based coupler for Ge-on-Si photodetectors (2016)

We demonstrate a mode-evolution based coupler for Ge-on-Si photodetectors achieving uniform power absorption in germanium leading to an 88% increase in photocurrent generation under 29mW illumination. We also measure a 7.4mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> dark current density at -1V, 1550nm responsivity of 1.01A/W and 40GHz 3-dB electro-optic bandwidth.
Chapter 5. The metrical system of William Carlos Williams (2012)

This paper attempts to explain the metrical practice and theorizing of the American poet William Carlos Williams. Observing that in many of his short poems, the total number of syllables is exactly, or nearly exactly, equal to the total number of positions in an abstract metrical representation containing a regular line and stanza structure, it is argued that Williams invented a remarkably successful new type of prosody, termed ‘syllabic-rhythmic’ verse, in which relative ‘speed’ or ‘tempo’ is computed by comparing the actual number of syllables in a line to the number of positions in the metrical schema. Williams’ later theory of the ‘variable foot’ and the ‘triadic line’ is further accounted for by incorporating the unit ‘foot’ in metrical schemata.
Bovine Brain Ribonuclease Is the Functional Homolog of Human Ribonuclease 1 (2014)

Mounting evidence suggests that human pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase 1) plays important roles in vivo, ranging from regulating blood clotting and inflammation to directly counteracting tumorigenic cells. Understanding these putative roles has been pursued with continual comparisons of human RNase 1 to bovine RNase A, an enzyme that appears to function primarily in the ruminant gut. Our results imply a different physiology for human RNase 1. We demonstrate distinct functional differences between human RNase 1 and bovine RNase A. Moreover, we characterize another RNase 1 homolog, bovine brain ribonuclease, and find pronounced similarities between that enzyme and human RNase 1. We report that human RNase 1 and bovine brain ribonuclease share high catalytic activity against double-stranded RNA substrates, a rare quality among ribonucleases. Both human RNase 1 and bovine brain RNase are readily endocytosed by mammalian cells, aided by tight interactions with cell surface glycans. Finally, we show that both human RNase 1 and bovine brain RNase are secreted from endothelial cells in a regulated manner, implying a potential role in vascular homeostasis. Our results suggest that brain ribonuclease, not RNase A, is the true bovine homolog of human RNase 1, and provide fundamental insight into the ancestral roles and functional adaptations of RNase 1 in mammals.
Crystal and molecular structure of the high-spin squar-planar complex triphenylmethylarsonium bis(toluene-3,4-dithiolato)cobaltate.0.5ethanol (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of the high-spin squar-planar complex triphenylmethylarsonium bis(toluene-3,4-dithiolato)cobaltate.0.5ethanolRichard Eisenberg, Zvi Dori, Harry B. Gray, and James A. IbersCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 4, 741–748Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50062a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50062a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical trellis-coded modulation with multi-parallel MZM (2009)

We demonstrated trellis-coded modulation onto 10-Gbaud 16QAM by electro-optic vector digital-to-analogue converter employing multi-parallel MZM and trellis encoder. The signal was demodulated with a digital homodyne employing Viterbi decoder.
Synthesis of 2-S-dioxo Isosteres of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleosides. III. Alkyl And Glycosyl Derivatives of Triazolo-and Thiadiazolothiadiazines. (1984)

Abstract Synthesis of methyl, glucosyl and ribosyl derivatives of 7-amino-2H, 4H-[1, 2, 3]triazolo [4, 5-c] [1, 2, 6] thiadiazine 5, 5-dioxide (1a) and 7-amino-4H- [1, 2, 5] thiadiazolo [3, 4-c][1, 2, 6] thiadiazine 5, 5-dioxide (2a) is described. The structures of the glycosyl derivatives are discussed on the basis of their PMR- and UV-spectroscopic data.
Soft computing techniques in network packet video (2004)

A new approach to low-bandwidth network packet video quality maximization has been proposed, based on software agent and global optimization algorithm, including: environmental factors (noise, multi-path fading); compression ratio; bit-error-correction; maximum available bandwidth; video format; and encryption. This is important for 2G-wireless RF cellular GSM visual communication, and other low-bandwidth homeland security visibility, and civilian RF WLANs.
Application of low energy CID in the determination of structures of [M – halogen]+ ions obtained from diethyl halosuccinates under electron impact (1987)

Abstract Low energy collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra indicate that m / z 173 ions formed by the loss of a halogen atom from diethyl chloro‐ and bromo‐succinate under electron impact are mixtures of O ‐protonated diethyl maleate (&gt;90%) and fumarate (&lt;10 %). Hydrogen migration precedes the C‐halogen bond cleavage in these cases. The low energy CID spectrum of the m / z 173 [MI] + ion obtained from diethyl iodosuccinate shows that only a small fraction of the [MI] + ions are the O ‐protonated species formed by hydrogen migration. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of low energy CID in the determination of structure (including configuration) of gas phase ions.
Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) (2010)

Das reaktive elektrophile Fluorierungsmittel Selectfluor wurde mit 18F radiochemisch markiert, um ein sicheres, ungiftiges und leicht zu handhabendes N-18F-Reagens zu erhalten. Mithilfe der Kombination von [18F]Selectfluor-Bistriflat und AgOTf gelang die Herstellung elektronenreicher 18F-substituierter Arene durch einfaches Mischen bei Raumtemperatur (siehe Schema).
Localization and Categorization of Early Reflections for Estimating Acoustic Reflection Coefficients (2020)

Knowledge of room acoustic parameters such as frequency- and direction-dependent reflection coefficients, room volume, or geometric characteristics is important for the mod-eling of acoustic environments, e. g. to improve the plausibility of immersive audio in mixed reality applications or to transfer a physical acoustic environment into a completely virtual one. This paper presents a method for detecting first-order reflections in three-dimensions of spatial room impulse responses recorded with a spherical microphone array. By using geometric relations, the estimated direction of arrival (DOA), and the time difference of arrival (TDOA), the order of the respective mirror sound source is determined and categorized to the individual walls of the room. The detected DOA and TDOA of the first-order mirror sound sources are used to estimate the frequency-dependent reflection coefficients of the respective walls using a null-steering beamformer directed to the estimated DOA. Analysis in terms of DOA and TDOA indicates an accurate estimation for simulated and measured data. The estimation of the reflection coefficients shows a relative error of 3.5 % between 500 Hz and 4 kHz for simulated data. Furthermore, experimental challenges are discussed, such as the evaluation of the reflection coefficient estimation in real acoustic environments.
Intermolecular binding between bulk water and dissolved gases in earth’s magnetic field (2022)

Elucidation of the static states and dynamic behavior of oxygen and nitrogen dissolved in water is one of the most important issues in the life sciences. In the present study, experimental trials and theoretical calculations were performed based on the hypothesis that the dissolution of gas molecules in water is related to excitation by the Earth's magnetic field. Using quantum theories such as those used to describe electro magnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance, this study investigated the states of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen dissolved in water. The results indicate that the Earth's magnetic field is involved in the bonding and dissociation of molecules at the gas-liquid interface. These calculations assessed the effect of a field strength of 1.0 x 10-4 T and reproduced the influences of temperature changes on dissolved gas concentrations. Molecular interactions caused by electromagnetic properties and the external geomagnetic field were found to affect intermolar bonding associated with water cluster structures. It is concluded that the binding between molecules typically attributed to Coulomb coupling by magnetic charge and van der Waals forces results from excitation in the Earth's magnetic field.
Lobster-eye infrared focusing optics (2006)

We propose a new imaging device for the long infrared spectral range, inspired by the natural eye of a lobster. Such a lobster-eye lens is composed of reflecting channels with a square cross section capable of wide angle of view and practically omni-directional imaging. As in large-aperture lenses, aberrations can significantly degrade the image. We show two methods of reducing aberrations: by selecting proper material for the mirrors and by making channels with absorbing sections.
Novel SiGe Island Coarsening Kinetics: Ostwald Ripening and Elastic Interactions (2000)

Real-time light scattering measurements of coherent island coarsening during SiGe/Si heteroepitaxy reveal unusual kinetics. In particular, the mean island volume increases superlinearly with time, while the areal density of islands decreases at a faster-than-linear rate. Neither observation is consistent with standard considerations of Ostwald ripening. Modification of the standard theory to incorporate the effect of elastic interactions in the growing island array reproduces the observed behavior.
Regulation of adhesion molecule expression by human synovial microvascular endothelial cells in vitro (1996)

Regulation of E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression in RA synovial endothelium is different from that in neonatal foreskin and human umbilical vein endothelium. The augmented expression of adhesion molecules in RA synovial endothelium may facilitate the recruitment of leukocytes to this site.
Salient and multiple illusory surfaces (2002)

All illusory surface figures yield a perception of a surface occluding another one or the background. Occluded surfaces yield completion, a phenomena known as amodal completions. It is intriguing that for some images illusory surfaces are perceived, but not for other images. Also, illusory surfaces may have portions occlude. We aim to understand these phenomena. Our approach detects intensity edges and junctions. From the junctions we seek to find an optimal image organization, i.e., multiple ordered surfaces with the ordering accounting for salience. The most salient being the figure, while the other surfaces are classified as background. A decision of which surface is the visible one (on rep) is made locally, at each pixel, allowing the salient surface (figure) to have portions occluded, i.e., with amodal completions. We account for a variety of imagery not explained before.
Performance analysis of energy-detection-based massive SIMO (2015)

Recently, communications systems that are both energy efficient and reliable are under investigation. In this paper, we concentrate on an energy-detection-based transmission scheme where a communication scenario between a transmitter with one antenna and a receiver with significantly many antennas is considered. We assume that the receiver initially calculates the average energy across all antennas, and then decodes the transmitted data by exploiting the average energy level. Then, we calculate the average symbol error probability by means of a maximum a-posteriori probability detector at the receiver. Following that, we provide the optimal decision regions. Furthermore, we develop an iterative algorithm that reaches the optimal constellation diagram under a given average transmit power constraint. Through numerical analysis, we explore the system performance.
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation (2021)

Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases.
How to Leverage Access Control Specification for Autonomic Policy Management (2005)

To bridge the gap between decoupled environments, such as, generic policy managers running on a variety of managed resources, we have proposed a new framework for access control inference directly from the managed resources, and provide advisory feedback based on finegrained analysis and validation. We provided a canonical representation and data structure for representing arbitrarily fine-grained access control information. We also provided efficient solution for validating policies against the inferred access control information, which can easily be implemented as a reference monitor in any generic policy management system. More importantly we have provided an advisory feedback module that advises both the policy manager and managed resource administrator on potential access control violations
Pupilgram adjusting scheme using intelligent illuminator for ArF immersion exposure tool (2011)

Source Mask Optimization<sup>1</sup> (SMO) is one of the most important techniques available for extending ArF immersion lithography. However, imaging with a small k1 factor (~0.3 or smaller) is very sensitive to errors in the imaging system, such as lens apodization, process control, mask error, etc. As a result, the real source shape must be re-adjusted to realize expected imaging performance as may be seen, for example, in an OPE curve. The intelligent illuminator can modify the pupilgram with high spatial and intensity resolution in the pupil. But the question is: How to adjust the pupilgram parameters properly to match target OPE? In this paper we present and describe a pupilgram adjusting method that can effectively control the various illuminator parameters. The method uses pupilgram modulation functions, which are similar to Zernike polynomials used in wavefront analysis, to describe the optimal pupilgram adjustment. The resulting modulation can then be realized by the intelligent illuminator. We demonstrate the effect of this method and the relation to minimum pupil resolution and gray scale levels that are needed for the intelligent illuminator to achieve its goals. In addition, a pupil analysis scheme, which is suitable for the applied pupilgram adjustment method, is proposed and validated. Using this method, SMO solutions will be more realistic and practically achievable for extending ArF immersion lithography.
Clinical Significance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1964)

Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus appears to be the single most important cause of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life. In addition it contributes to acute disease of the upper respiratory tract in older children and adults. Top priority has been assigned to the development of an effective RS virus vaccine. A seasonal incidence and an epidemic pattern of RS virus infections have been observed. Naturally occurring reinfections have also been documented.
Active front end motor-drive system operation under power and phase loss (2018)

Active Front End “AFE” power converters are widely used in numerous renewable energy applications including but not limited to photovoltaic, wind power as well as industrial regenerative motor-drive systems. These power converters are extensively applied in industrial applications that mandate reduced input current harmonics and flexible bidirectional power flow. In spite of the fact that the power topology can be very similar in all of the above mentioned applications, the operating requirements and the control structure can widely vary based on each application. This paper is centered on analyzing the performance of the motor-drive systems and single phase operating conditions under voltage sag/ power loss ride through in regenerative motor-drive systems, and a novel power loss ride through algorithm is introduced to enable continuous operation of the drive under temporary power loss and phase loss conditions.
Gene editing of the multi-copy H2A.B gene and its importance for fertility (2019)

We have produced the first H2A.B knockout mouse using the TALEN approach.
Analysis of TenBrucellaGenomes Reveals Evidence for Horizontal Gene Transfer Despite a Preferred Intracellular Lifestyle (2009)

The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Brucella infects a wide range of warm-blooded land and marine vertebrates and causes brucellosis. Currently, there are nine recognized Brucella species based on host preferences and phenotypic differences. The availability of 10 different genomes consisting of two chromosomes and representing six of the species allowed for a detailed comparison among themselves and relatives in the order Rhizobiales. Phylogenomic analysis of ortholog families shows limited divergence but distinct radiations, producing four clades as follows: Brucella abortus-Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis-Brucella canis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella ceti. In addition, Brucella phylogeny does not appear to reflect the phylogeny of Brucella species' preferred hosts. About 4.6% of protein-coding genes seem to be pseudogenes, which is a relatively large fraction. Only B. suis 1330 appears to have an intact beta-ketoadipate pathway, responsible for utilization of plant-derived compounds. In contrast, this pathway in the other species is highly pseudogenized and consistent with the "domino theory" of gene death. There are distinct shared anomalous regions (SARs) found in both chromosomes as the result of horizontal gene transfer unique to Brucella and not shared with its closest relative Ochrobactrum, a soil bacterium, suggesting their acquisition occurred in spite of a predominantly intracellular lifestyle. In particular, SAR 2-5 appears to have been acquired by Brucella after it became intracellular. The SARs contain many genes, including those involved in O-polysaccharide synthesis and type IV secretion, which if mutated or absent significantly affect the ability of Brucella to survive intracellularly in the infected host.