gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terpene metabolic engineering via nuclear or chloroplast genomes profoundly and globally impacts off‐target pathways through metabolite signalling (2016)

The impact of metabolic engineering on nontarget pathways and outcomes of metabolic engineering from different genomes are poorly understood questions. Therefore, squalene biosynthesis genes FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (FPS) and SQUALENE SYNTHASE (SQS) were engineered via the Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast (C), nuclear (N) or both (CN) genomes to promote squalene biosynthesis. SQS levels were ~4300-fold higher in C and CN lines than in N, but all accumulated ~150-fold higher squalene due to substrate or storage limitations. Abnormal leaf and flower phenotypes, including lower pollen production and reduced fertility, were observed regardless of the compartment or level of transgene expression. Substantial changes in metabolomes of all lines were observed: levels of 65-120 unrelated metabolites, including the toxic alkaloid nicotine, changed by as much as 32-fold. Profound effects of transgenesis on nontarget gene expression included changes in the abundance of 19 076 transcripts by up to 2000-fold in CN; 7784 transcripts by up to 1400-fold in N; and 5224 transcripts by as much as 2200-fold in C. Transporter-related transcripts were induced, and cell cycle-associated transcripts were disproportionally repressed in all three lines. Transcriptome changes were validated by qRT-PCR. The mechanism underlying these large changes likely involves metabolite-mediated anterograde and/or retrograde signalling irrespective of the level of transgene expression or end product, due to imbalance of metabolic pools, offering new insight into both anticipated and unanticipated consequences of metabolic engineering.
GAMMA-RAY PENETRATION INTO THE COMPARTMENTS OF A LIGHT AIRCRAFT CARRIER (1959)

The penetration of gamma rays into compartments of an aircraft carrier from three different radioisotopes was measured. Co/sup 60/ (1.25 Mev), Cs/sup 137/ (0.66 Mev), and Ir/sup 192/ (0.34 Mev) sources were exposed at numerous points on the Flight Deck and air-wall equivalent dosimeters were used to measure dose in two general areas of the ship and at three different deck levels. Average dose rates and transmission factors were calculated by integration of the data to represent the case of uniform contamination at 1 curie per square foot. The average dose rates for the different deck levels ranged from 28 r/hr to 0.93 r/hr for Co/sup 60/; 12 r/hr to 0.20 r/hr for Cs/sup 137/, and 4.4 r/hr to 0.06 r/ hr for Ir/sup 192/ . Two types of transmission factors were computed. The ratios of the average dose rate found 3.5 ft off each deck to the computed dose rate in air 3.5 ft above the Flight Deck ran from 0.242 to 0.01 for the 3 isotopes in the A'' Section and 0.196 to 0.0017 for the B'' Section. The ratios of the average dose rate found 3.5 ft off each deck to the computed dose rate in airmore » 3.5 ft off the same deck ran from 0.307 to 0.027 for the 3 isotopes in the A'' Section and 0.459to 0.008 in the B'' Section. (auth)« less
Characterization of General TCP Traffic under a Large Number of Flows Regime (2002)

Short-lived TCP traffic (e.g., web mice) composes the majority of the current Internet traffic. Accurate traffic modeling of a large number of short-lived TCP flows is extremely difficult due to (i) the interaction between session, transport, and network layers; and (ii) the explosion of the size of state space when the number of flows is large. Typically, ad-hoc assumptions are required for the analysis to be tractable under a certain regime. We introduce a stochastic model of a bottleneck ECN/RED gateway under a large number of competing TCP flows. Our main result shows that as the number of flows becomes large, the queue dynamics and the aggregate traffic are simplified and can be accurately described by simple statistical recursions. These recursions can be evaluated independently of the number of flows, and hence the resulting traffic model is scalable. Furthermore, the limiting model is also consistent with other previously proposed models in their respective regime. Simulation results are also presented to confirm the results.
Evolutionary computation and evolutionary deep learning for image analysis, signal processing and pattern recognition (2018)

tutorial Share on Evolutionary computation and evolutionary deep learning for image analysis, signal processing and pattern recognition Authors: Mengjie Zhang Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New ZealandView Profile , Stefano Cagnoni University of Parma, Parma, Italy University of Parma, Parma, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims GECCO '18: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CompanionJuly 2018 Pages 1221–1257https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3207859Published:06 July 2018Publication History 3citation219DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads219Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
INVESTIGATION OF THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING POLYMERIZATION OF 3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES WITH IRON(III) CHLORIDE (2002)

2However, the most widely utilized method for the preparation of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, oxidative coupling polymerization of 3alkylthiophenes with iron(III) chloride, results in the preparation of polymers with only 70 -90 % HT substitution. 3 We have been investigating the preparation of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s by oxidative polymerization under various experimental conditions. Our variables include solvent, concentration, and stoichiometric ratio of oxidant to monomer.
High prevalence ofCBS p.T191M mutation in homocystinuric patients from Colombia (2006)

Homocystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease most commonly caused by mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS). In this study we present the mutation analysis of 36 Colombian individuals from 10 unrelated kindred, with 11 individuals clinically classified as homocystinuric. Mutation analysis of the CBS gene revealed p.T191M, a prevalent mutation in Spain and Portugal, in the homozygous state in seven of the unrelated patients. Genotype-phenotype assessment of the p.T191M homozygous patients showed a high level of variability, including different severity in one pair of affected siblings. None of the patients responded biochemically to treatment with pharmacological doses of pyridoxine and folic acid as revealed by essentially unchanged homocysteine levels. This study offered a unique opportunity to study 18 heterozygous (p.T191M/wt) relatives of the homocystinuric patients. One atypical finding was that many of them presented with above average total homocysteine levels, putting them at an increased risk for vascular disease. Cryptorchidism was present in three of the cases, one of which presented also with Klinefelter syndrome. In addition to the previously described p.T191M mutation, a new mutation, p.A288T, was identified in a single individual. In this paper we present the first characterization, at a molecular level, of patients with homocystinuria from Colombia.
Effect of Autoclave Bonding Pressure and Temperature on Polycarbonate Single Lap Joints with polyurethane adhesive (2018)

Adhesive joints are good replacement for bolted and welded joints. Adhesive joint performance over the life depends on joint strength. Strength of joint depends upon curing process parameters used during bonding. This study investigates the effect of cure temperature and pressure on the mechanical performance of autoclave-bonded single lap joints (SLJ). Joint load transfer capacity (LTC) data and failure mode analysis are provided. Test joints are made of two polycarbonate lexan adherends that are autoclave-bonded together using aliphatic polyether (Polyurethane) film adhesive (Huntsman PE399). Two levels of cure pressure and cure temperature are investigated, for their effect on joint load transfer capacity, failure mode, and joint stiffness after heat cycling at a low or high level of relative humidity. Experimental results showed higher cure temperature increases joint performance.
Effect of mixer type on exfoliation of polypropylene nanocomposites (2003)

Polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites have been prepared by melt blending in five different mixers: an internal mixer, two lab-scale, co-rotating vertical twinscrew mixers, a 30 mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder, and a multilayer extrusion system. The effectiveness of these mixers toward the dispersion of the clay into the polymer matrix was evaluated by TEM, X-ray diffraction, and melt rheology. Mechanical properties and coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) were also evaluated for these blends. The vertical twin-screw mixer at lower shear rate appears to provide the best mixing in terms of dispersion efficiency and modulus improvement. The combination of shear rate and residence time in the mixer is discussed in order to rationalize our results.
Approximate Volumetric System Models for MicroSPECT (2006)

A microSPECT system has been developed for the purpose of studying murine models of amyloidosis in vivo. The system is equipped with two detector heads, each consisting of a multi-anode photomultiplier tube coupled to a pixellated NaI(Tl) crystal array. Images are reconstructed using an OS-EM algorithm. In this paper, we describe the associated volumetric system models that we have developed in support of both pinhole and parallel hole collimation. These models, which are precomputed and stored to disk prior to reconstruction, are based on simple inner-product computations and a region-growing like search defined by the conic view that each detector pixel has of the image voxels. We provide illustrative experimental results based on phantom and mouse data
A CFD-based evaluation of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitric oxide in iron ore grate-kiln plants (2015)

The overall goal of this study is to explore the function of selective non–catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in iron ore grate–kiln plants. Computational fluid dynamics is used to model the flow and the injection of urea and cyanuric acid reagents. Temperature, residence time and inlet NO content are varied, and the effects on the reduction of NO are studied. The simulations show that the use of urea results in a higher reduction of NO within the temperature window investigated as compared to cyanuric acid; however, urea cannot be used for NO reduction over the entire range of applicable temperatures. Cyanuric acid is usable within the entire temperature range for high NO content (i.e., 300 ppm) in the flue gas, but it is not effective for low NO concentration (i.e., 150 ppm). Moreover, the simulations indicate that temperature has a larger influence on the NO reduction than the residence time.
Pomalidomide reverses γ-globin silencing through the transcriptional reprogramming of adult hematopoietic progenitors (2015)

Current therapeutic strategies for sickle cell anemia are aimed at reactivating fetal hemoglobin. Pomalidomide, a third-generation immunomodulatory drug, was proposed to induce fetal hemoglobin production by an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that pomalidomide induced a fetal-like erythroid differentiation program, leading to a reversion of γ-globin silencing in adult human erythroblasts. Pomalidomide acted early by transiently delaying erythropoiesis at the burst-forming unit-erythroid/colony-forming unit-erythroid transition, but without affecting terminal differentiation. Further, the transcription networks involved in γ-globin repression were selectively and differentially affected by pomalidomide including BCL11A, SOX6, IKZF1, KLF1, and LSD1. IKAROS (IKZF1), a known target of pomalidomide, was degraded by the proteasome, but was not the key effector of this program, because genetic ablation of IKZF1 did not phenocopy pomalidomide treatment. Notably, the pomalidomide-induced reprogramming was conserved in hematopoietic progenitors from individuals with sickle cell anemia. Moreover, multiple myeloma patients treated with pomalidomide demonstrated increased in vivo γ-globin levels in their erythrocytes. Together, these data reveal the molecular mechanisms by which pomalidomide reactivates fetal hemoglobin, reinforcing its potential as a treatment for patients with β-hemoglobinopathies.
Embolization of Rolandic Cortex Arteriovenous Malformations (1999)

When properly evaluated before treatment, rolandic AVMs can be embolized with a high success rate (measured by completed embolization and size reduction) and a low complication rate.
High-Valent Manganese Corroles and the First Perhalogenated Metallocorrole Catalyst (2001)

Eine Alternative zu Porphyrinsystemen bieten Corrol-Liganden. Die Mangancorrole 1–4 beispielsweise sind leicht zugänglich, Redoxreaktionen finden bei ihnen am Metallzentrum (nicht am Liganden) statt, und insbesondere 4 zeigt beeindruckende katalytische Aktivität bei der Epoxidierung von Styrol mit Iodosylbenzol.
Genetic architecture of early childhood growth phenotypes gives insights into their link with later obesity (2017)

Abstract Early childhood growth patterns are associated with adult metabolic health, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We performed genome-wide meta-analyses and follow-up in up to 22,769 European children for six early growth phenotypes derived from longitudinal data: peak height and weight velocities, age and body mass index (BMI) at adiposity peak (AP ~ 9 months) and rebound (AR ~ 5-6 years). We identified four associated loci ( P &lt; 5x10 −8 ): LEPR/LEPROT with BMI at AP, FTO and TFAP2B with Age at AR and GNPDA2 with BMI at AR. The observed AR-associated SNPs at FTO, TFAP2B and GNPDA2 represent known adult BMI-associated variants. The common BMI at AP associated variant at LEPR/LEPROT was not associated with adult BMI but was associated with LEPROT gene expression levels, especially in subcutaneous fat ( P &lt;2x10 −51 ). We identify strong positive genetic correlations between early growth and later adiposity traits, and analysis of the full discovery stage results for Age at AR revealed enrichment for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling and apolipoprotein pathways. This genome-wide association study suggests mechanistic links between early childhood growth and adiposity in later childhood and adulthood, highlighting these early growth phenotypes as potential targets for the prevention of obesity.
Effect of process parameters on surface morphology in MRF (2003)

Spot surface morphology can be considered as a footprint of the removal process in magnetorheological finishing (MRF). When properly processed, it can account for the performance of the MR fluid in polishing. Experiments were done using different conditions to vary removal rate and evaluate the resulting effect on microroughness and the overall spot surface morphology. Such experiments have been performed on two optical glasses, with several different MR fluids and a wide range of machine parameter settings. Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements show that the surface morphology has a strong dependence on the abrasive type in the MR fluid. Interferometry measurements show that the roughness inside the spot increases with the rate of the material removal.
High field breakdown of narrow quasi uniform field gaps in vacuum (1999)

The challenge in vacuum microelectronic device design is to be able to stress a given micrometric gap to relatively high voltages without threat of a breakdown, which, in effect could destroy the device. In order to obtain basic vacuum insulation data related to the regime of vacuum microelectronics, the prebreakdown and breakdown characteristics of narrow gaps in the range of 3–25 μm were extensively investigated. The observed prebreakdown current was related to field emission from atomic scale microprotrusions or planar emission sites; the emission from these sites eventually produces breakdown. A single spark breakdown caused damage to both the anode and cathode. The dc glow discharge conditioning in air improved the insulation capability of narrow gaps (3–25 μm) significantly. The breakdown strength of a 5 μm gap after conditioning was as high as 5×108 V/m, which is the highest value reported in literature for broad area electrodes. It is shown that the electric field evaporation of metal ions from the electrode surface at an electric field E≅1010 V/m is able to instigate breakdown of the gap even under high vacuum conditions. Electric field evaporation can occur both at the cathode and anode surfaces to create the breakdown conditions. The breakdown data obtained in the micrometric gap regime is very valuable in the design of field emission displays and other vacuum microelectronic devices.
Illumination Design Methods (2022)

This section is intended to give a short overview of illumination design methods and to classify them by the nature of the problem to which they are applied. The reality of, e.g., industry segments, markets, applications, design methods, source and target classifications, and degrees of étendue limitation is too complex to be organized in a 1D tree structure. Accordingly, we may look at this landscape from several vantage points. Even if you happen to work in a specific industry segment, it is valuable to consider this metaphor: look over the fence to see which interesting plants might grow in your neighbor’s garden, and how you might adapt them to your ecosystem.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Primary and Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Targeted and Sanger sequencing results at the EGFR locus for P6 and P7.&lt;/p&gt;
Scalable view expansion in a peer mediator system (2003)

To integrate many data sources we use a peer mediator-framework where views defined in the peers are logically composed in terms of each other A common approach to execute queries over mediators is to treat views in data sources as 'black boxes'. The mediators locally decompose queries into query fragments and submit them to the data sources for processing. Another approach, used in distributed DBMSs, is to treat the views as 'transparent boxes' by importing and fully expanding all views and merge them with the query. The black box approach often leads to inefficient query plans. However, in a peer mediator framework full view expansion (VE) leads to prohibitively long query compilation times when many peers are involved. It also limits peer autonomy since peers must reveal their view definitions. We investigate in a peer mediator framework the tradeoffs between none, partial, and full VE in two different distributed view composition scenarios. We show that it is often favorable with respect to query execution and sometimes even with respect to query compilation time to expand those views having common hidden peer subviews. However, in other cases it is better to use the 'black box' approach, in particular when peer autonomy prohibits view importation. Based on this, a hybrid strategy for VE in peer mediators is proposed.
Machines synchrones - Modélisation en régime permanent (2006)

Cet article propose des modélisations aux différentes utilisations des machines synchrones en régime permanent, qu’elles soient associées à un réseau électrique ou à un convertisseur statique. Il traite tout d’abord des machines synchrones à champs tournants non saturées, avec les machines à pôles lisses, caractérisées par une distance constante entre les deux parties ferromagnétiques de l’entrefer, puis celles à pôles saillants avec une valeur d’inductance d’induit variable. La méthode de Potier, puis le diagramme de Blondel, permettent d’aborder la saturation magnétique. Pour terminer, la méthode des travaux virtuels offre un modèle rigoureux capable d’envisager l’amélioration des principales non-linéarités.
Integrated skin sensitization assessment based on OECD methods (III): Adding human data to the assessment_suppl2 (2023)

Skin sensitizer potency assessment based on new approach methodologies is key to deriving a point of departure (PoD) for risk assessment. Regression models to predict a PoD based on OECD-validated in vitro tests and trained on local lymph node assay (LLNA) data were previously presented, and results from human tests were recently compiled. To integrate both data sources, the Reference Chemical Potency List (RCPL), which provides potency values (PV) for 33 chemicals integrating LLNA and human data in a structured weight-of-evidence approach, was developed. When calculating regression models vs PV or LLNA data, different weights for the input parameters were noted. As the RCPL is based on too few chemicals to train robust statistical models, the list of human data was extended to a larger set of PV (n = 139) with associated in vitro data. This database was used to retrain the regression models and to compare regression models trained vs (i) LLNA, (ii) PV or (iii) human DSA04 values. Using the PV as a target, predictive models of similar predictivity to the LLNA-based models were obtained, which mainly differ in a lesser weight of cytotoxicity and a higher weight of cell activation and reactivity parameters. Analysis of the human DSA04 dataset indicates a similar pattern but also shows that the human dataset is too small and biased to be a key dataset for potency prediction. Hence, an enlarged set of PV values appears to be a complementary tool to train predictive models next to an LLNA-only database.
Routing in Cooperative Wireless Networks with Mutual-Information Accumulation (2008)

Cooperation between the nodes of wireless multi-hop networks can increase communication reliability, reduce energy consumption, and decrease latency. The possible improvements are even greater when nodes perform mutual-information accumulation, e.g., by using rateless codes. In this paper, we investigate routing problems in such networks. Given a network, a source and a destination, our objective is to minimize end-to-end transmission delay under a sum energy constraint. We provide an algorithm that determines which nodes should participate in forwarding the message and what resources (time, energy, bandwidth) should be allocated to each. Our approach factors into two sub-problems, each of which can be solved efficiently. For any node decoding order we show that solving for the optimum resource allocation can be formulated as a linear problem. We then show that the decoding order can be improved systematically by swapping nodes based on the solution of the linear program. Solving a sequence of linear program leads to a locally optimum solution in a very efficient manner. In comparison to the cooperative routings, it is observed that conventional shortest-path multihop routings incur additional delays and energy expenditures on the order of 70%. Since this initial solution is centralized, requiring full channel state information, we exploit the insights to design two distributed routing algorithms that require only local channel state information. We provide simulations showing that in the same networks the distributed algorithms find routes that are only about 2-5% less efficient than the centralized solution.