gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of DAP Emission Properties on Impurity Concentrations in N-/B-co-doped 6H-SiC (2007)

The dependence of donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission properties on impurity concentrations of N and B in 6H-SiC epilayers was investigated. Doped samples were grown by closed sublimation technique, and impurity concentrations were confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Photoluminescence (PL) measurement results indicate that p-type 6H-SiC with NA&gt;ND had extremely low DAP emission efficiency, whereas n-type 6H-SiC with NA&lt;ND showed intense DAP emission. Moreover, n-type 6H-SiC with high N and B concentrations exceeding 1018cm-3 is preferable for high DAP emission efficiency.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt as a Rescue Treatment after Sclerotherapy Failure in Variceal Bleeding (1994)

TIPS seems to be a promising salvage therapeutic procedure after failed sclerotherapy, but this needs to be addressed in controlled trials.
More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis (2020)

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Clinical utility of a functional lumen imaging probe in management of dysphagia following head and neck cancer therapies (2017)

<b>Background and aims </b>Chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) with/without laryngectomy commonly causes dysphagia. Pharyngoesophageal junction (PEJ) stricturing is an important contributor. We aimed to validate a functional lumen imaging probe (the EndoFLIP system) as a tool for quantitating pretreatment PEJ distensibility and treatment-related changes in HNC survivors with dysphagia and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EndoFLIP-derived distensibility in detecting PEJ strictures. <b>Methods</b> We studied 34 consecutive HNC survivors with long-term (> 12 months) dysphagia who underwent endoscopic dilation for suspected strictures. Twenty non-dysphagic patients undergoing routine endoscopy served as controls. PEJ distensibility was measured at endoscopy with the EndoFLIP system pre- and post-dilation. PEJ stricture was defined as the presence of a mucosal tear post-dilation. <b>Results</b> PEJ stricture was confirmed in 22/34 HNC patients (65 %). During distension up to 60 mmHg, the mean EndoFLIP-derived narrowest cross-sectional area (nCSA) in HNC patients with strictures, without strictures, and in controls were 58 mm<sup>2</sup> (95 % confidence interval [CI] 22 to 118), 195 mm<sup>2</sup> (95 %CI 129 to 334), and 227 mm<sup>2</sup> (95 %CI 168 to 316), respectively. A cutoff of 114 mm<sup>2</sup> for the nCSA at the PEJ had perfect diagnostic accuracy in detecting strictures (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 1). In patients with strictures, a single session of dilation increased the nCSA by 29 mm<sup>2</sup> (95 %CI 20 to 37; <i>P</i> < 0.001). In patients with no strictures, dilation caused no change in the nCSA (mean difference 13 mm<sup>2</sup> [95 %CI -4 to 30]; <i>P</i> = 0.13). <b>Conclusions</b> EndoFLIP is a highly accurate technique for the detection of PEJ strictures. EndoFLIP may complement conventional diagnostic tools in the detection of pharyngeal outflow obstruction.
Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Necrosis, Apoptosis, Oncosis and Apoptotic Oncosis of Mouse Terminal Proximal Straight Tubule Cells (1999)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been shown to be an important mediator of ischemic and toxic tubular damage. The purpose of this study was to identify the mode of cell death observed in H2O2-exposed cultures of mouse terminal proximal straight tubule (S3) cells. H2O2 induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in viability of S3 cells. Morphologically, S3 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.05-0.1 mM) showed features of necrosis, apoptosis, oncosis and apoptotic oncosis, whereas necrosis occurred most frequently in every experimental condition tested. On the other hand, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from S3 cells exposed to H2O2 revealed a typical DNA ladder pattern. These data suggest that H2O2-induced proximal tubule damages are associated with the induction of various modes of cell death including necrosis, apoptosis, oncosis and apoptotic oncosis, and with the activation of endonuclease.
Helper Signals in B Lymphocyte Differentiation (2018)

In this chapter, the authors review their studies characterizing the nature of the some types of helper activities and the roles they may play in B cell activation. The focus of their approach in these studies has been the development of an extensive panel of T cell hybridomas. These hybridomas offer a number of advantages for such studies, including rapid growth in the absence of filler cells and exogenous factors. As part of their effort to characterize the nature of the nonspecific factors present in mitogen Concanavalin A, the authors began the production of a panel of T cell hybridomas. Many studies have investigated the role of interleukins in B cell activation. In virtually every system studied to date, nonspecific factors have been without apparent effects in the absence of additional activating signals provided by mitogens, antiimmunoglobulin antibodies, or antigen plus la restricted helper T cell signals.
Educational Intensification: A Partnership between Industry and Academia (2021)

We observe that increased interactions between faculty, students, and industrial researchers enrich the student educational experience. These interactions develop a more diverse and inclusive workforce. Our observations indicate more direct, varied, and intentional approaches to academic-industry interactions build stronger partnerships. In this paper, we present examples of what we deem Educational Intensification. We describe Educational Intensification and present novel methods to increase the academia-industrial interaction, including industrially-presented short-courses and faculty sabbaticals in industry.
Verification of Hybrid Automata Diagnosability With Measurement Uncertainty (2015)

The problem of system diagnosability verification is concerned with whether a fault in the system operation can be diagnosed by using the system model and observations of the system output. In this paper, we investigate the (δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> , δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> )-diagnosability of hybrid automata, which characterizes the maximum delay for diagnosing faults since their first occurrence, given the measurement uncertainty in observing the system output. We present a methodology that analyzes the (δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> , δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> )-diagnosability of hybrid automata. Due to the complex dynamics, the hybrid system diagnosability is often difficult to analyze directly. We thus propose an approach of constructing an abstraction using the trajectories of the original system. Their (δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> , δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> )-diagnosability properties are proved to be quantitatively related to each other. The abstraction has only finitely many trajectories that extend to the end of the time horizon of interest, so its diagnosability can be easily calculated, and then used to derive the diagnosability of the original system. We illustrate this procedure with an example.
Time-dependent Diffusion in Brain Abscesses Investigated with Oscillating-gradient Spin-echo (2021)

Oscillating-gradient spin-echo sequences enable the measurement of diffusion weighting with a short diffusion time and can provide indications of internal structures. We report two cases of brain abscess in which the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values appear higher at short diffusion times in comparison with those at long diffusion times. Diffusion time dependence of the ADC in brain abscesses suggests not only substrate viscosity but also restricted diffusion due to the structure within the lesions.
Total Protein Isolate from Milk by Ultrafiltration: Factors Affecting Product Composition (1991)

Skim milk (prepaced from reconstituted NDM) was ultrafiltered by a combination of concentration and diafiltration to produce purified total protein isolates with the desired protein: lactose ratio. The rejection of protein and lactose followed expected trends. However, rejection of ash increased to 100% towacd the end of the process due to insolubility of salts or their binding to proteins. At the natural pH of skim milk, the minimum ash content was 7 to 8% of the retentate solids, resulting in a limiting protein content of 90%.
Sensing the future of HCI (2016)

Touch, taste, and smell are an underexplored design space in the context of interactive experiences. By understanding the ways in which our senses process information and how they relate to one another, it will be possible to create richer experiences for humantechnology interactions. We need to design interfaces that allow the stimulation of unexplored sensory inputs as well as interfaces that take into account the relationships between the senses. Digital Taste Interface is a method for simulating the sensation of taste by actuating the human tongue through electrical and thermal stimulation. AromaShooter is a smell-delivery device, contains six scent cartridges and connects to a computer via USB. Taste+ is an interface where the user can augment the flavors of food and beverages by applying weak and controlled electrical pulses on their tongue using electronically enhanced everyday utensils such as spoons and beverage bottles. It is crucial to determine the meaningful design space for multisensory interactive experiences. At the same time, it is also key to understand the unique properties of each sensory modality before designing for their sensory integration in the design of interactive systems.
Precise and absolute measurements of the complex third-order optical susceptibility (2004)

We present precise and absolute measurements of full complex third-order optical susceptibility on different fused-silica and original glasses composed of tellurium, titanium, and niobium erbium. These materials are designed to be the key point for applications ranging from high-power laser systems to optoelectronics; their nonlinear index of refraction is a major property and thus must be accurately known. A large dispersion (more than 30%) of the nonlinear index of fused-silica glasses was found. Measurements on tellurium glasses have shown strong nonlinearities, to be linked to the configurations of their cations and anions.
A large, mobile pathogenicity island confers plant pathogenicity on Streptomyces species (2005)

Potato scab is a globally important disease caused by polyphyletic plant pathogenic Streptomyces species. Streptomyces acidiscabies, Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces turgidiscabies possess a conserved biosynthetic pathway for the nitrated dipeptide phytotoxin thaxtomin. These pathogens also possess the nec1 gene which encodes a necrogenic protein that is an independent virulence factor. In this article we describe a large (325-660 kb) pathogenicity island (PAI) conserved among these three plant pathogenic Streptomyces species. A partial DNA sequence of this PAI revealed the thaxtomin biosynthetic pathway, nec1, a putative tomatinase gene, and many mobile genetic elements. In addition, the PAI from S. turgidiscabies contains a plant fasciation (fas) operon homologous to and colinear with the fas operon in the plant pathogen Rhodococcus fascians. The PAI was mobilized during mating from S. turgidiscabies to the non-pathogens Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces diastatochromogenes on a 660 kb DNA element and integrated site-specifically into a putative integral membrane lipid kinase. Acquisition of the PAI conferred a pathogenic phenotype on S. diastatochromogenes but not on S. coelicolor. This PAI is the first to be described in a Gram-positive plant pathogenic bacterium and is responsible for the emergence of new plant pathogenic Streptomyces species in agricultural systems.
Dependence of viewing angle characteristics on pretilt angle in the in-plane switching mode (1997)

Abstract Viewing angle characteristics were systematically obtained when using in-plane switching (IPS) of liquid crystals. Although the IPS mode originally shows stable electro-optical performance regardless of viewing directions, the viewing angle characteristics are found to be strongly dependent on pretilt angle (slant angle of the liquid crystals from the substrate). Experimentally, the smaller the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal, the much wider the viewing angle characteristics, while larger pretilt angles of liquid crystals cause the characteristics to deteriorate. This deterioration occurs in a particular viewing direction, i.e. at right angles to the initial orientation direction of the liquid crystal when there is no in-plane electric field. The experimentally observed behaviour of the viewing angle dependence on the pretilt angle was also confirmed by computer simulations. Calculated iso-contrast contour lines, as a function of the pretilt angles, nearly coincide with the experimentally obtained viewing angle characteristics of the contrast ratio.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Spectroscopy of Eu2+ in Sr3SiO4Br2, Along with Potential Applications in LEDs (2016)

In the ternary phase system, SrO-SiO 2 -SrBr 2 , a new material was identified which upon Eu 2+ activation resulted in red emission that is useful for LED applications. In this talk, we will discuss the single crystal growth, and the optical properties of Eu 2+ in Sr 3 SiO 4 Br 2 . The relevant parameters for use in LED applications such as thermal dependence of emission, QE and excitation are measured and reported. The effects of cationic substitutions of Ca 2+ and Ge 4+ on the luminescent properties of the Eu 2+ ion in Sr 3 SiO 4 Br 2 will also be described. Figure 1: Single crystals of Sr 3 SiO 4 Br 2 and Sr 3 GeO 4 Br 2 under daylight and UV excitation along with the emission spectra. Figure 1
Compositional Scene Representation Learning via Reconstruction: A Survey (2023)

Visual scenes are composed of visual concepts and have the property of combinatorial explosion. An important reason for humans to efficiently learn from diverse visual scenes is the ability of compositional perception, and it is desirable for artificial intelligence to have similar abilities. Compositional scene representation learning is a task that enables such abilities. In recent years, various methods have been proposed to apply deep neural networks, which have been proven to be advantageous in representation learning, to learn compositional scene representations via reconstruction, advancing this research direction into the deep learning era. Learning via reconstruction is advantageous because it may utilize massive unlabeled data and avoid costly and laborious data annotation. In this survey, we first outline the current progress on reconstruction-based compositional scene representation learning with deep neural networks, including development history and categorizations of existing methods from the perspectives of the modeling of visual scenes and the inference of scene representations; then provide benchmarks, including an open source toolbox to reproduce the benchmark experiments, of representative methods that consider the most extensively studied problem setting and form the foundation for other methods; and finally discuss the limitations of existing methods and future directions of this research topic.
Author response: Identification of a transporter complex responsible for the cytosolic entry of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (2018)

Identification of a transporter complex comprised of SLC37A3 and ATRAID is required for nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates to enter the cytosol from lysosomes and exert their therapeutic effects on bone.
Broadband operation of active terahertz quarter-wave plate achieved with vanadium-dioxide-based metasurface switchable by current injection (2020)

We demonstrate the broadband operation of a switchable terahertz quarter-wave plate achieved with an active metasurface employing vanadium dioxide. For this purpose, we utilize anisotropically deformed checkerboard structures, which present broadband characteristics compatible with deep modulation. Moreover, the metasurface is integrated with a current injection circuit to achieve state switching; this injection circuit can also be employed to monitor the electric state of vanadium dioxide. We estimate the Stokes parameters derived from the experimental transmission spectra of the fabricated metasurface and confirm the helicity switching of circularly polarized waves near a designed frequency of 0.66 THz. The relative bandwidth is evaluated to be 0.52, which is 4.2 times broader than that in a previous study.
Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer (2016)

Cancer has been considered as temporal and spatial aberrations of normal development in tissues. Similarities between mammary embryonic development and cell transformation suggest that the underlying processes required for mammary gland development are also those perturbed during various stages of mammary tumorigenesis and breast cancer (BC) development. The master regulators of embryonic development Cripto-1, Notch/CSL, and Wnt/β-catenin play key roles in modulating mammary gland morphogenesis and cell fate specification in the embryo through fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSC) and in the adult organism particularly within the adult mammary stem cells (aMaSC), which determine mammary progenitor cell lineages that generate the basal/myoepithelial and luminal compartments of the adult mammary gland. Together with recognized transcription factors and embryonic stem cell markers, these embryonic regulatory molecules can be inappropriately augmented during tumorigenesis to support the tumor-initiating cell (TIC)/cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment, and the effects of their deregulation may contribute for the etiology of BC, in particular the most aggressive subtype of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This in depth review will present evidence of the involvement of Cripto-1, Notch/CSL, and Wnt/β-catenin in the normal mammary gland morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, from fMaSC/aMaSC regulation to TIC generation and maintenance in TNBC. Specific therapies for treating TNBC by targeting these embryonic pathways in TICs will be further discussed, providing new opportunities to destroy not only the bulk tumor, but also TICs that initiate and promote the metastatic spread and recurrence of this aggressive subtype of BC.
Sensitization of RPE Cells by αB-Crystallin siRNA to SAHA-Induced Stage 1 Apoptosis through Abolishing the Association of αB-Crystallin with HDAC1 in SC35 Speckles (2008)

Knockout of alphaB-crystallin may be a promising new approach to enhance therapeutic potency for proliferative vitreoretinopathy without compromising efficacy.
Long-Term Outcome of Patients Treated With Repeat Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Failure of γ-Brachytherapy for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis (2002)

In those patients who "fail" (192)Ir intracoronary brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis, treatment with (192)Ir delays the time to first TLR. Additionally, repeat percutaneous intervention in these patients is safe and efficacious in the short term, with acceptable long-term results.
Re: OXPHOS Remodeling in High-Grade Prostate Cancer Involves mtDNA Mutations and Increased Succinate Oxidation (2020)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Oct 2020Re: OXPHOS Remodeling in High-Grade Prostate Cancer Involves mtDNA Mutations and Increased Succinate Oxidation Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001222AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: OXPHOS Remodeling in High-Grade Prostate Cancer Involves mtDNA Mutations and Increased Succinate Oxidation." The Journal of Urology, 204(4), pp. 881–882 © 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 204Issue 4October 2020Page: 881-882 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Metal-enhanced fluorescence from thermally stable rhodium nanodeposits (2010)

Different density rhodium nanoparticulate substrates were fabricated by electron-beam physical vapor deposition in order to study the fluorescence of close-proximity fluorophores to the high thermally stable rhodium nanoparticles. We observed an apparently constant metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), when fluorophores were placed in close proximity to rhodium nanoparticles before and after autoclaving of the substrates. Fluorophores with different emission wavelength maxima and free-space quantum yields have also been studied and can undergo different enhancements, a 2.5-fold increase in far-field luminescence was observed from 15 nm Rh films for Tinopal, and up to a 10-fold enhancement was observed for fluorescein. Similarly, the near-field fluorescence enhancement values were estimated to be ∼125 and 500 fold, respectively. Further, the electromagnetic field distributions around different size Rh nanoparticles were simulated using FDTD to understand the wavelength dependence of the e-field. Our findings show that the decay time of fluorophores was not reduced near to the rhodium substrates, suggesting only an enhanced electric field component is the mechanism for fluorescence enhancement.