gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of impurities on discharge lamps and beneficial action of getters (2009)

In discharge lamps a clean gaseous atmosphere is an important requisite to assure satisfactory operating characteristics and lifetime. During lamp manufacturing it is not possible to obtain a completely clean atmosphere in the discharge tubes and in the outer bulbs, if present, because of the presence of residual air not removed by the pumping systems and of impurities released by the components. Residual gases after device sealing typically consist of oxygen, nitrogen and water vapour (air components). In addition some gaseous contamination is induced during lamp operation because impurities are outgassed by internal lamp components. Hydrogen is the most dangerous impurity for the discharge lamps: presence of small amounts of this gas in the arc tube can significantly increase the starting and re-ignition voltage. This phenomenon occurs because hydrogen molecules interact with the excited filling gas atoms carrying off their energy that should contribute to the discharge; in order to compensate this energy dissipation a higher initial voltage is necessary to start the discharge and also a higher operation voltage is requested. Due to the higher requested voltage heavier ions bombardment mechanisms may occur on the electrodes and higher sputtering phenomena take place, thus causing blackening on the lamp parts close to the electrodes. Other gaseous impurities like nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide have a similar negative effect but to a less extent than hydrogen. In addition the presence of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and of other impurities in the outer bulb of high intensity discharge lamps, typically sealed under vacuum or filled with argon and nitrogen, can induce thermal losses and difficulties in the achievement of suitable, stable thermal conditions for the arc tube. Usually a getter material able to capture gaseous impurities is placed inside the arc tube of low pressure discharge lamps to maintain a high purity of the filling gas and high performances during all the lifetime. In High intensity discharge lamps a getter is mounted in the outer bulb to sorb impurities in the envelope and to remove hydrogen even from the discharge tube: as the active getter material is able to maintain a low hydrogen partial pressure in the bulb, during lamp operation, the hydrogen evolved inside the arc tube tends to permeate the walls and to diffuse into the outer bulb where it is sorbed. The paper will describe the negative influence induced by the impurities on the performances of discharge lamps and the positive effects provided by the use of getters.
Efficient Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) Tracking (2006)

This paper introduces a tracking method for the well known local MSER (Maximally Stable Extremal Region) detector. The component tree is used as an efficient data structure, which allows the calculation of MSERs in quasi-linear time. It is demonstrated that the tree is able to manage the required data for tracking. We show that by means of MSER tracking the computational time for the detection of single MSERs can be improved by a factor of 4 to 10. Using a weighted feature vector for data association improves the tracking stability. Furthermore, the component tree enables backward tracking which further improves the robustness. The novel MSER tracking algorithm is evaluated on a variety of scenes. In addition, we demonstrate three different applications, tracking of license plates, faces and fibers in paper, showing in all three scenarios improved speed and stability.
Vector Perturbation Precoding for Multi-User CoMP Downlink Transmission (2015)

This paper focuses on the design of vector perturbation (VP) precoding for coordinated multi-point (CoMP) multi-user downlink transmission. Precoding is performed by individual base stations (BSs) in a distributed manner using only the downlink channel coefficients and user data local to a BS. A cascade precoder structure with an outer precoder managing the inter-cell interference (ICI) and an inner precoder performing mean-squared-error (MSE) minimization-based VP to mitigate the intra-cell interference is proposed. Three different outer precoding techniques are considered. In the first technique, the outer precoder is designed to fully eliminate the ICI by trading off the degrees of freedom (DoFs) available through multiple antennas. While the proposed technique outperforms existing conventional-VP based designs, a large portion of DoF is consumed by the ICI elimination. To overcome this issue, in the second technique, interference alignment-based outer precoding that minimizes the total leakage interference is proposed. To further improve the system performance, in the third approach, precoding by joint minimization of total leakage interference plus MSE is performed. Numerical results show that the proposed cascade precoding structure is an efficient way to use the DoF of CoMP multi-user downlink transmission.
Towards Mobility Data Science (Vision Paper) (2023)

Mobility data captures the locations of moving objects such as humans, animals, and cars. With the availability of GPS-equipped mobile devices and other inexpensive location-tracking technologies, mobility data is collected ubiquitously. In recent years, the use of mobility data has demonstrated significant impact in various domains including traffic management, urban planning, and health sciences. In this paper, we present the emerging domain of mobility data science. Towards a unified approach to mobility data science, we envision a pipeline having the following components: mobility data collection, cleaning, analysis, management, and privacy. For each of these components, we explain how mobility data science differs from general data science, we survey the current state of the art and describe open challenges for the research community in the coming years.
A model for the polymerisation of diazomethane by transition metal complexes (1986)

The reaction of (cod)PtCl(CH3)(cod = cyclo-octa-1,4-diene) with diazomethane to give (cod)Pt(CH3)(CH2Cl), and the facile rearrangement of the latter to (cod)PtCl(CH2CH3), may represent a model for the key steps in the title process.
File System Virtual Appliances: Portable File System Implementations (2010)

File system virtual appliances (FSVAs) address the portability headaches that plague file system (FS) developers.By packaging their FS implementation in a VM, separate from the VM that runs user applications, they can avoid the need to port the file system to each OS and OS version.A small FS-agnostic proxy, maintained by the core OS developers, connects the FSVA to whatever OS the user chooses.This paper describes an FSVA design that maintains FS semantics for unmodified FS implementations and provides desired OS and virtualization features, such as a unified buffer cache and VM migration.Evaluation of prototype FSVA implementations in Linux and NetBSD, using Xen as the VMM, demonstrates that the FSVA architecture is efficient, FS-agnostic, and able to insulate file system implementations from OS differences that would otherwise require explicit porting.
Ion Mobility of Precritical Clusters in Supersaturated Vapors:  Condensation of Supersaturated Methanol Vapor Induced by Toluene and Styrene Ions (2000)

A new method for measuring the ion mobility of precritical clusters in supersaturated vapors is reported. The method is based on the REMPI (Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization) nucleation technique, which allows the generation of selected ions within a supersaturated host vapor held in a diffusion cloud chamber. The precritical cluster ions drift under the influence of a uniform electric field to the nucleation zone, where they become condensation nuclei and rapidly grow into macroscopic liquid droplets that can be detected by light scattering. The reduced mobility of the precritical clusters in the toluene+/methanol and styrene+/methanol systems decreases with increasing methanol supersaturation, which reflects the increase in the size of the solvated ion in agreement with Thomson's model for ion-induced nucleation.
Proximity Printing (2021)

Soon after the integrated circuit (IC) was invented in 1958, lithography was used to replicate the designed pattern on the mask to the wafer. The most intuitive way to do so is to copy the mask pattern by direct contact of the mask and the wafer. No lens is needed, the field size can be as large as the mask, and the wafer does not even need to be precisely focused. This replication technique was called contact printing, but this is a misnomer. Unless a deliberate effort is made to achieve intimate contact, the mask and the wafer contact each other only at a few points over their entire area. Even if intimate contact is achieved, because there is a photoresist layer between the mask and the wafer, the mask is still in proximity to the wafer by the thickness of the photoresist. In reality, intimate contact is not desirable for the following three reasons. (1) When the mask and the wafer are in intimate contact, highcontrast interference fringes will form wherever there are slight imperfections of contact, as shown in Fig. 2.1. These fringes make the contact exposure nonuniform. (2) The mask and the wafer become difficult to separate after intimate contact. (3) Damage to the mask and the wafer is inevitable. Therefore, the proper lensless way to replicate a mask pattern is proximity printing, not contact printing.
Approaches for Scale-Up of Microwave-Promoted Reactions (2007)

In this report, we look at a range of classes of reaction involving microwave heating and show how different processing techniques can be used to address scale-up needs. We look at both batch and continuous-flow processing. We have shown that when using batch methodologies working using an open reaction vessel offers operational advantages while still giving good yields of desired products. In cases where open-vessel conditions are not amenable or where particularly volatile or toxic reagents are used, parallel sealed vessels can offer an alternative approach. For continuous-flow processing, homogeneity of the reaction mixture is key. When the mixture is homogeneous, it is possible to move from small-scale sealed-vessel conditions to the continuous-flow apparatus without any modification of reaction conditions or loss in product yield. When either the starting materials or the product mixture contains particulate matter, continuous processing can prove a challenge, but reoptimization of reaction conditions as well as reduction of the concentration may allow these difficulties to be overcome.
Estrogen Receptor β Agonism Increases Survival in Experimentally Induced Sepsis and Ameliorates the Genomic Sepsis Signature: A Pharmacogenomic Study (2010)

ERbeta agonist administration provided a survival advantage in septic animals and appears to be a promising therapeutic modality in sepsis.
Data for ion and seed dependent fibril assembly of a spidroin core domain (2015)

This data article includes size exclusion chromatography data of soluble eADF4(C16), an engineered spider silk variant based on the core domain sequence of the natural dragline silk protein ADF4 of Araneus diadematus, in combination with light scattering; the protein is monomeric before assembly. The assembled mature fibrils were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Sonicated fibrils were used as seeds to by-pass the nucleation lag phase in eADF4(C16) assembly. We also provide data on the sedimentation kinetics of spider silk in the presence of different NaCl concentrations revealing very slow protein aggregation in comparison to the fast assembly triggered by phosphate ions published previously [1]. Experiments in the Data article represent supporting material for our work published recently [1], which described the assembly mechanism of recombinant eADF4(C16) fibrils.
Clearance of HSV-2 from recurrent genital lesions correlates with infiltration of HSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1998)

The mechanisms involved in host clearance of symptomatic mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection are unclear. We studied the functional properties of bulk cultures of skin-infiltrating lymphocytes from normal skin and serial biopsies of recurrent genital HSV-2 lesions, and compared HSV-specific and NK responses with viral clearance. HSV-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were rarely detected in lymphocytes cultured from normal skin. The total lymphocyte count and HSV-specific and NK-like effector cell activities were markedly higher in cultures derived from lesional skin. HSV-specific CD4+ proliferative responses and NK-like cytotoxic responses were present at all stages of herpetic lesions, including biopsies early in the disease course. In contrast, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was generally low among cells derived from early culture-positive lesions, and increased during lesion evolution. Viral clearance from the lesion site was associated with a high level of local cytolytic activity towards HSV-infected cells. The phenotypes of cells with HSV-specific cytotoxic responses varied between patients, having CD4+ and CD8+ components. Immunotherapeutic approaches to HSV should be directed at improving in vivo cytolytic activity to HSV.
5‐(1H‐Benzimidazol‐1‐yl)‐3‐alkoxy‐2‐thiophenecarbonitriles as Potent, Selective, Inhibitors of IKK‐ε Kinase. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOBORANES ‐ 34. GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL BORONIC AND BORINIC ESTERS VIA ASYMMETRIC HYDROBORATION‐DISPLACEMENT. CARBENOIDATION OF CHIRAL BORINI ESTERS TO ACYCLIC KETONES OF HIGH ENANTIOMERIC PURITIES (1984)

Abstract Asymm. Hydroborierungen von cis‐Alkenen wie (I) mit Diisopinocampheylboran A2BH oder von trans‐Alkenen wie (V) und trisubstituierten Alkenen wie (VI) mit Monoisopinocampheylboran ABH; produzieren die Intermediärverbindungen (II) bzw. (VII), die bei Behandlung mit Acetaldehyd schnell α‐Pinen (IV) eliminieren und chirale Boronsäureester wie (IIIa,c) oder z.B. (IX) mit hoher Enantiomerenreinheit bilden.
The 45 pocket of HLA-A2.1 plays a role in presentation of influenza virus matrix peptide and alloantigens (1991)

Amino acid substitutions were introduced into the 45 pocket of HLA-A2.1 to determine the potential role of this structurally defined feature of class I molecules in viral peptide and alloantigen presentation. The 45 pocket lies below the alpha 1-domain alpha-helix and is composed of five amino acids, three of which differ between HLA-A2.1 and HLA-B37. These two class I molecules have previously been shown to have largely non-overlapping peptide-binding specificities. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the hydrophobic residues at positions 24, 45, and 67 in the 45 pocket of HLA-A2.1 with the hydrophilic amino acids found in these positions in HLA-B37. Thus, three single amino acid mutants were produced: 24A----S, 45 M----T, and 67V----S. These mutants were transfected into HMy2.C1R cells and assessed for their ability to present influenza virus matrix M1 57-68 peptide and HTLV-I Tax-1 2-25 peptide to HLA-A2.1-restricted, peptide-specific CTL and to present alloantigens to HLA-A2-allospecific CTL lines. Each of these substitutions in the 45 pocket produced a molecule that failed to present the M1 peptide to most M1 peptide-specific CTL lines. In contrast, none of these mutations affected presentation of the Tax-1 peptide to Tax-1-specific CTL lines, which indicates that these mutant HLA-A2 molecules can function in viral peptide presentation. Two of the three substitutions in the 45 pocket resulted in lack of recognition by a subset of HLA-A2 allospecific CTL lines. These results demonstrate that the amino acid side chains in the 45 pocket can strongly influence peptide presentation and suggest that the 45 pocket may play a role in determining peptide-binding specificity.
Abstract SY06-02: Revisiting the STATs of cancer: Emergence of stem-like cancer cells (2014)

Abstract Activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway is now well established as an important factor in cancer progression and as a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. Persistent STAT3 activation in tumor cells prevents apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation. In the tumor microenvironment, STAT3 activation enhances angiogenesis and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses. Communication between tumor cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, by inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6, results in a feed-forward loop that enhances cancer progression and confers resistance to therapy. Recently, we have uncovered another critical role for STAT3 in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. We now show that activation of STAT3 signaling promotes a stem-like cell phenotype in prostate cancer, concomitant with loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression. AR is important for prostate cancer progression, and androgen deprivation often leads to drug resistance and eventual cancer recurrence. We demonstrate that loss of AR expression as a consequence of androgen ablation results in STAT3 activation in prostate cancer cells. This STAT3 activation in turn leads to development of prostate cancer stem-like cells. AR downregulation-induced STAT3 activation is mediated through increased IL-6 expression in the tumor microenvironment. Elevated stem-like cell markers in human prostate tumor specimens coincides with high STAT3 activity and low AR expression. Treatment of mice with soluble IL-6 receptor or silencing STAT3 in tumor cells suppresses prostate tumor growth and inhibits development of stem-like cancer cells. In sum, our results demonstrate that blockade of AR mediates activation of STAT3 signaling through up-regulation of IL-6, which is associated with development of a stem-like cancer cell phenotype. Conversely, inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway diminishes the stem-like cancer cell population, and results in reduced tumor growth. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of STAT3 activation upon AR blockade on prostate cancer relapse and drug resistance. We further propose inhibition of STAT3 signaling in combination with anti-androgens as a potential strategy to prevent emergence of drug-resistant recurrent prostate cancer. Citation Format: Richard Jove. Revisiting the STATs of cancer: Emergence of stem-like cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY06-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY06-02
IASCC susceptibility of irradiated austenitic stainless steel under very low dissolved oxygen (1995)

Slow strain rate tests of Type 304 stainless steel (SS) irradiated to 1.3 {times} 10{sup 26} n/m{sup 2} (E>1MeV) were conducted in high-temperature water and argon gas environment to discuss irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) mechanism with respect to the dissolved oxygen (DO) effect. IASCC susceptibility of Type 304 SS decreased with decreasing DO. However, IASCC was not mitigated completely in the hydrogen injected water. And IG fracture was not observed in the case of argon gas environment. These results indicated that the high-temperature aqueous environment was an indispensable condition for the occurrence of IASCC. Moreover, lowering DO(<1ppb) did not necessarily eliminate IASCC susceptibility when austenitic stainless steel was irradiated to high neutron fluence. By considering H{sub 2}O{sub 2} formed by {gamma}-ray irradiation, IASCC at very low DO could not be explained by an active path corrosion model. At high DO, IASCG would be affected by the active path corrosion of radiation-induced chromium depletion. However, at very low DO, the possibility that IASCC would be affected by other mechanisms such as hydrogen embrittlement was suggested.
A Chemical Chaperone‐Based Drug Candidate is Effective in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective death of motor neurons and skeletal muscle atrophy. The majority of ALS cases are acquired spontaneously, with inherited disease accounting for only 10 % of all cases. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that aggregates of misfolded proteins underlie both types of ALS. Small molecules such as artificial chaperones can prevent or even reverse the aggregation of proteins associated with various human diseases. However, their very high active concentration (micromolar range) severely limits their utility as drugs. We synthesized several ester and amide derivatives of chemical chaperones. The lead compound 14, 3-((5-((4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methoxy)-5-oxopentanoyl)oxy)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine oxide shows, in the micromolar concentration range, both neuronal and astrocyte protective effects in vitro; at daily doses of 10 mg kg(-1) 14 improved the neurological functions and delayed body weight loss in ALS mice. Members of this new chemical chaperone derivative class are strong candidates for the development of new drugs for ALS patients.
Allgemeine Grundlagen (2004)

Bevor das Multiprocessor Scheduling-Problem mit reihenfolgeabhängigen Rüstzeiten und entsprechende Lösungsansätze im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen, werden in diesem Kapitel die wesentlichen Grundlagen dargestellt. Dazu wird zunächst auf das Scheduling, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erforderlichen Merkmale von Scheduling-Problemen und auf deren Klassifikation eingegangen (2.1). Nach der Definition von kombinatorischen Optimierungsproblemen werden die Ausfuhrungen mit allgemeinen Erläuterungen zu Lösungsverfahren und Aussagen zur Komplexität von Problemstellungen abgeschlossen (2.2).
Viscoelastic Properties of Low Temperature Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1995)

Abstract Main-chain type thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers HPC-P having lower liquid crystalline temperature were obtained by esterification of hydoxypropyl cellulose. Two different samples were obtained, the one is HPC-P(l) having DS = 2.4 and another one is HPC-P(2) having DS = 2.8. Logarithmic curves of dynamic modulus(G') and loss modulus(G') against frequency obtained at different temperatures within liquid crystalline temperature range can be superposed to obtain a single composite curve for both samples. The composite curves for G' show lower frequency side plateau(Ca. 300 dyne/cm2). The log G' against temperature curves for both samples decrease with increasing temperature upto transition temperature and then increase upto TC and then decrease again with increasing temperature above TC showing maxima at around Tc.
Throughput and energy consumption trade-off in traffic splitting in heterogeneous networks with dual connectivity (2017)

This paper investigates the trade-off between throughput and energy consumption in heterogeneous networks with dual connectivity and backhaul delay. The problem of traffic splitting between the main eNB and secondary eNBs is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. Based on some observations, assumptions, and subsequent simplifications, two algorithms are devised. One targets throughput optimization (TO) by transmission delay minimization. The other one does energy savings (ES) by not transmitting on the main eNB depending on the delay allowance defined in the QoS criterion of the transmitted data. The main eNB is in control of the data transfer to the secondary eNB. Simulations show that the TO algorithm performs slightly better than an earlier published algorithm in which the secondary eNBs are in control of the data transfer from the main eNB. The ES algorithm does save energy at the expense of a larger transmission delay.