gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone-releasing activity of growth hormone-releasing peptide-1 (a synthetic heptapeptide) in children and adolescents (1993)

The heptapeptide growth hormone-releasing peptide-1 (GHRP-1), one of a series of recently synthesized small growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptides, was administered as an iv bolus (1 microgram/kg) to 15 (six prepubertal, nine pubertal) short but healthy children and adolescents and to eight juvenile patients with pituitary insufficiency (four with isolated growth hormone deficiency, two with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, one with partial GH deficiency and one with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) deficiency). Eleven out of 23 subjects also underwent an in GHRH (1-29) test (1 microgram/kg). All the healthy children responded with a progressive rise in plasma human GH (hGH) peaking at 15-30 min, with a significantly higher rise (p < 0.05) in the pubertal than prepubertal group. The hGH response to GHRH (1-29) in these children was similar or slightly higher. Six hypopituitary patients had no response to either GHRP-1 or GHRH; the patient with partial GH deficiency had a hGH peak of 6.5 micrograms/l (at 5 min) to GHRP-1 and 9.2 micrograms/l (at 15 min) to GHRH. One patient had no response of hGH to hypoglycemia, clonidine and GHRP-1, but the plasma hGH rose to 10 micrograms/l after GHRH. Following the GHRP-1 bolus there was a significant (p < 0.01) rise in plasma free thyroxine and a decrease of thyrotropin (p < 0.01), both in the limits of normal values. There was also a transitory rise of plasma cortisol (p < 0.05). Plasma prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formyl-Peptide Receptor 2/3/Lipoxin A 4 Receptor Regulates Neutrophil-Platelet Aggregation and Attenuates Cerebral Inflammation (2016)

Fpr2/lipoxin A4 receptor is a therapeutic target for initiating endogenous proresolving, anti-inflammatory pathways after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature upon in vivo engraftment (2019)

Optimal cell-based therapies for the treatment of muscle degenerative disorders should not only regenerate fibers but provide a quiescent satellite cell pool ensuring long-term maintenance and regeneration. Conditional expression of Pax3/Pax7 in differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) allows the generation of myogenic progenitors endowed with enhanced regenerative capacity. To identify the molecular determinants underlying their regenerative potential, we performed transcriptome analyses of these cells along with primary myogenic cells from several developmental stages. Here we show that in vitro-generated PSC-derived myogenic progenitors possess a molecular signature similar to embryonic/fetal myoblasts. However, compared with fetal myoblasts, following transplantation they show superior myofiber engraftment and ability to seed the satellite cell niche, respond to multiple reinjuries, and contribute to long-term regeneration. Upon engraftment, the transcriptome of reisolated Pax3/Pax7-induced PSC-derived myogenic progenitors changes toward a postnatal molecular signature, particularly in genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings demonstrate that Pax3/Pax7-induced myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature and functionally mature upon in vivo exposure to the adult muscle environment.
WYSIWIS revised (1986)

WYSIWIS (What You See Is What I See) is a foundational abstraction for multi-user interfaces that expresses many of the characteristics of a chalkboard in face-to-face meetings. In its strictest interpretation, it means that everyone can see the same written information and also where anyone else is pointing. We present several examples of multi-user interfaces that start from the WYSIWIS abstraction. In our attempts to build software support for collaboration in meetings, we have discovered that WYSIWIS is at once crucial and too inflexible in its strictest sense. WYSIWIS must be relaxed for all our software tools to better accommodate important interactions in meetings. Relaxations to WYSIWIS are characterized in terms of constraints on its four key dimensions: display space, time of display, subgroup population, and congruence of view.
Tissue-specific expression and promoter analyses of the human tissue kallikrein gene in transgenic mice (1997)

The expression of the tissue kallikrein gene is tissue-specific and exhibits a complex pattern of transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Information concerning the mechanism of its tissue-specific expression has been limited owing to the lack of suitable cell lines for the expression study. We approached this problem by introducing human tissue kallikrein gene constructs into mouse embryos, creating transgenic lines carrying its coding sequence with varying lengths of the promoter region. One construct (PHK) contained 801 bp in the 5'-flanking region and two deletion constructs contained either 302 bp (D300) or 202 bp (D200) of the promoter region. The expression of human tissue kallikrein in these transgenic mice was monitored by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase-PCR followed by Southern blot, and radioimmunoassay. In all three lines, human tissue kallikrein was expressed predominantly in the pancreas and at lower levels in other tissues, including salivary gland, kidney and spleen. This pattern was similar to that of tissue kallikrein expression in human tissues. The D300 line has higher levels of transgene expression than the D200 and PHK lines. The results indicate that the 202 bp segment immediately upstream of the translation starting site is sufficient to direct a tissue-specific expression pattern of the human tissue kallikrein gene, and that regulatory elements might exist between -801 and -202.
Introduction to the special issue on the H.264/AVC video coding standard (2003)

S.557-559
DPPIV (CD26) as a novel stem cell marker in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia (2014)

The concept of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) has been developed to explain the complex cellular hierarchy and biology of leukaemias and to screen for pivotal targets that can be employed to improve drug therapies through LSC eradication in these patients. Some of the newly discovered LSC markers seem to be expressed in a disease-specific manner and may thus serve as major research tools and diagnostic parameters. A useful LSC marker in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) appears to be CD26, also known as dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Expression of CD26 is largely restricted to CD34(+) /CD38(-) LSCs in BCR/ABL1(+) CML, but is not found on LSCs in other myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms, with the exception of lymphoid blast crisis of CML, BCR/ABL1p210 + acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and a very few cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. Moreover, CD26 usually is not expressed on normal bone marrow (BM) stem cells. Functionally, CD26 is a cytokine-targeting surface enzyme that may facilitate the mobilization of LSCs from the BM niche. In this article, we review our current knowledge about the biology and function of CD26 on CML LSCs and discuss the diagnostic potential of this new LSC marker in clinical haematology.
Electrically-Induced Mixed Valence Causes Resistive Switching in Copper Helical Metallopolymers (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Controlling the flow of electrical current at the nanoscale typically requires complex top-down approaches. Here we use a bottom-up approach to demonstrate resistive&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;switching within molecular wires that consist of double-helical metallopolymers and are constructed by self-assembly. When we expose the material to an electric field, we determine that approximately 25% of the copper atoms oxidise from Cu(I) to Cu(II) without rupture of the polymer chain. The ability to sustain such high level of oxidation is unprecedented in a copper-based molecule: it is made possible here by the double helix compressing in order to satisfy the new coordination geometry required by Cu(II).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This mixed-valence structure exhibits a 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;-fold increase in&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;conductivity, which is projected to last over 10 years. We explain the increase in conductivity as being promoted by the creation, upon oxidation, of partly filled d&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;orbitals aligned along the mixed-valence copper array; the long-lasting nature of the change in conductivity is due to the structural rearrangement of the double-helix, which poses an energetic barrier to re-reduction. This work establishes helical metallopolymers as a new platform for controlling currents at the nanoscale.&lt;/div&gt;
An International Collaborative Animal Study of the Carcinogenicity of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation: Considerations for Preparation of a Global Project (2022)

Radiofrequency radiation (RFR) was classified as a "possible" human carcinogen in 2011, which caused great public concern. A carcinogenicity study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) found Code Division Multiple Access-and Global System for Mobile Communications-modulated mobile phone RFR to be carcinogenic to the brain and heart of male rats. As part of an investigation of mobile phone carcinogenesis, and to verify the NTP study results, a 5-year collaborative animal project was started in Korea and Japan in 2019. An international animal study of this type has two prerequisites: use of the same study protocol and the same RF-exposure system. This article discusses our experience in the design of this global study on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs).© 2022 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society.
The Effect of Intake Charge Temperature on Combustion and Emissions in an Optically Accessible DI Diesel Engine with and without Swirl (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An optically accessible D] Diesel engine has been constructed tostudy combustion, emission, spray, and flow field phenomena. The goal of the present investigation is tostudy the effect that intake charge temperature variation at constant density has on combustion, emissions, and spray vaporization in both quiescent and swirling environments. The results indicate that raising intake temperatures decreased the ignition delay, peak rate of premixed burning, and premixed fraction. Increasing intake temperature increased the peak rate of diffusion burning in the quiescent environment, but mixing effects balanced temperature effects in the swirl environment and peak diffusion burning remained constant. In general, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; increased with increasing temperature and amount of diffusion burning, but lower temperature data suggests that premixed and diffusion burning are both contributing to NO production. Combustion photography shows that first visible light occurs very close tostart of combustion and typically before peak premixed burning which indicates that visible light is emitted in the premixed stage of combustion. Under non firing conditions, shadowgraph photography indicates that increasing intake temperature had little effect on fuel plume penetration tothe walls. however, swirl had a dramatic effect on tangential fuel distribution.&lt;/div&gt;
Diastereoselective radical mediated alkylation of a chiral glycolic acid derivative (2011)

Radical alkylation of 2-(tert-butyl)-2-methyldioxolan-4-one, a chiral equivalent of glycolic acid, occurs with good to high diastereoselectivity that compares favorably with the corresponding enolate alkylation. The importance of the position of the transition state position, early or late, is highlighted.
Cogelation of Hydrolyzable Cross-Linkers and Poly(ethylene oxide) Dimethacrylate and Their Use as Controlled Release Vehicles (1999)

Small molecular weight crosslinking agents containing hydrolyzable bonds were photopolymerized with poly(ethylene oxide) in order to decrease the pore size of the gels. The resulting cogels decreased in equilibrium swelling volume (pore size) as the concentration of crosslinker increased. The initial release profile of the model protein albumin showed a decreased burst in the presence of small molecular weight crosslinkers in the photopolymerized hydrogels.
Link Performance Models for System Level Simulations of Broadband Radio Access Systems (2006)

This paper gives an overview of some so-called link performance models used in system level simulations to determine the link packet error rate (PER) at reduced complexity. A subset of link performance models is evaluated in terms of PER prediction accuracy focusing on a single receive and transmit antenna OFDM link with different coding options and channel characteristics. The results demonstrate that a mutual-information based metric which accounts for the modulation alphabet is preferable in the considered cases and, furthermore, applicable to the large class of MIMO-OFDM transmission techniques with linear pre- and post-processing.
Growth Mechanism and Cross-Sectional Structure of Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Thin Films (1998)

Spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to characterize the cross-sectional structure of highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon films, particularly concentrating on the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ bonded surface layer. The surface layer is shown to be due to subsurface conversion from ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ to ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ bonding at the depth of carbon ion implantation during film growth. The thickness of the surface layer is used as a measure of the ion penetration depth, varying from $0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\mathrm{nm}$ for 35 eV ions to $1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\mathrm{nm}$ for 320 eV ions. The influence of growth temperature is investigated, and it is found that the temperature above which ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ bonding is not stable is greatly reduced in the region affected by ion bombardment.
EUV secondary electron blur at the 22nm half pitch node (2011)

In this paper the Arrhenius behavior of blur upon EUV exposure is investigated through variation of the PEB temperature. In this way, thermally activated parameters that contribute to blur (such as acid/base diffusion) can be separated from non-thermally activated parameters (such as secondary electron blur). The experimental results are analyzed in detail using multi-wavelength resist modeling based on the continuum approach and through fitting of the EUV data using stochastic resist models. The extracted blur kinetics display perfectly linear Arrhenius behavior, indicating that there is no sign for secondary electron blur at 22nm half pitch. At the lowest PEB setting the total blur length is ~4nm, indicating that secondary electron blur should be well below that. The stochastic resist model gives a best fit to the current data set with parameters that result in a maximum probability of acid generation at 2.4nm from the photon absorption site. Extrapolation of the model predicts that towards the 16nm half pitch the impact on sizing dose is minimal and an acceptable exposure latitude is achievable. In order to limit the impact on line width roughness at these dimensions it will be required to control acid diffusion to ~5nm.
Evaluation of Imprint Properties in Sol-Gel Ferroelectric Pb(ZrTi)O3 Thin-Film Capacitors (1993)

Studies of imprint properties have been carried out by electrical evaluation with pulse switching response and circuit modeling on sol-gel lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ferroelectric thin-film capacitors. The imprint properties were evaluated by measuring the switched and nonswitched charges after three different operations at high temperature, which consist of (1) fatigue by cumulative bipolar pulses, (2) exposure to a large number of positive unipolar pulses, and (3) exposure to a large number of negative unipolar pulses. The nonswitched charge without polarization reversal after being exposed to a large number of unipolar pulses was increased to be greater than switched charge with polarization reversal. This causes the decrease of a noise margin when the memory cell is read. This phenomenon is enhanced by the sample temperature above 75°C, the pulse height, and the amount of cumulative fatigue cycles before imprint. This phenomenon is also found in the Nb-doped PZT capacitor, which is a candidate for fatigue-free materials.
Super-stretched polyacetylene film. (1990)

トリオクチルアルミニウムとテトラ-n-ブチルチタネートからなるチーグラ触媒を用いたアセチレンの重合において, 重合前に触媒を150℃で熱処理することにより高延伸性のポリアセチレンが得られる. このポリアセチレンは, 多段階で延伸することにより, 最高32倍延伸可能 (超延伸性) である. 超延伸したポリアセチレンの高分子鎖及びフィブリルは, 延伸方向に高配向しているのが偏光FT-IR及びSEMにより確認できた. また, 延伸配向化によりポリアセチレンの導電率を未延伸のものに比べて約15倍高くできることがわかった.
Equalization, coding, and diversity combining for TDMA digital cellular systems (2002)

An RLS-based adaptive equalizer with diversity combining was previously proposed for use in the US TDMA digital cellular system. The present authors investigate the performance of this equalizer in conjunction with channel coding. The channel coding scheme used is the rate-1/2 convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding as proposed in EIA/TIA standard IS-54 for the North American digital cellular system. Adaptive equalization, diversity reception, and error correction coding are effective solutions for overcoming the problem of multipath fading observed in mobile radio communications. The authors study a combination of all three of these techniques along with a longer training sequence obtained from the TDMA frame structure and present simulation results.
Mechano-electrical abnormalities in cardiac muscle under calcium overload (1994)

R. M. Egdell and K. T. MacLeod. Calcium Extrusion During Aftercontractions in Cardiac Myocytes: The Role of the Sodium-calcium Exchanger in the Generation of the Transient Inward Current. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2000) 32, 85–93. Spontaneous release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leads to delayed afterdepolarizations which may represent an arrhythmogenic mechanism in the intact heart. The current underlying delayed afterdepolarizations is the transient inward current, but how this is triggered by a spontaneous rise in cytoplasmic calcium concentration is a matter of debate. We have investigated this by rapid application of caffeine to isolated guinea-pig cardiac myocytes, before and after drive train-induced aftercontractions. Mean (±s.e.m.) sarcoplasmic reticulum content reduced from 85±11 μ mol/l accessible cell volume to 53±9 μ mol/l accessible cell volume (n=11) during the course of the aftercontraction. The charge movement expected to result from extrusion of this calcium via the sodium-calcium exchanger was 70.1±5.4 pC, compared with charge measured during the transient inward current of 70.1±10.8 pC in the same cells (P=0.9969). Rapid inhibition of the sodium-calcium exchanger, by replacement of the superfusate with a sodium and calcium free solution between the end of the drive train and the aftercontraction, completely abolished the transient inward current (from 90.4±10.2 pA inward current to 23.8±14.9 pA outward current,P <0.001). We conclude that the transient inward current in this species is explained entirely by sodium-calcium exchange current without the need to invoke other calcium-activated conductances.
Gate‐Bias Controlled Charge Trapping as a Mechanism for NO2 Detection with Field‐Effect Transistors (2010)

Abstract Detection of nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 , is required to monitor the air‐quality for human health and safety. Commercial sensors are typically chemiresistors, however field‐effect transistors are being investigated. Although numerous investigations have been reported, the NO 2 sensing mechanism is not clear. Here, the detection mechanism using ZnO field‐effect transistors is investigated. The current gradually decreases upon NO 2 exposure and application of a positive gate bias. The current decrease originates from the trapping of electrons, yielding a shift of the threshold voltage towards the applied gate bias. The shift is observed for extremely low NO 2 concentrations down to 10 ppb and can phenomenologically be described by a stretched‐exponential time relaxation. NO 2 detection has been demonstrated with n‐type, p‐type, and ambipolar semiconductors. In all cases, the threshold voltage shifts due to gate bias induced electron trapping. The description of the NO 2 detection with field‐effect transistors is generic for all semiconductors and can be used to improve future NO 2 sensors.
Generic On-Line Discovery of Quantitative Models (2004)

Quantitative models are needed for a variety of management tasks, including identification of critical variables to use for health monitoring, anticipating service-level violations by using predictive models, and ongoing optimization of configurations. Unfortunately, constructing quantitative models requires specialized skills that are in short supply. Even worse, rapid changes in provider configurations and the evolution of business demands mean that quantitative models must be updated on an ongoing basis. This paper describes an architecture and algorithms for online discovery of quantitative models without prior knowledge of the managed elements. The architecture makes use of an element schema that describes managed elements using the Common Information Model (CIM). Algorithms are presented for selecting a subset of the element metrics to use as explanatory variables in a quantitative model and for constructing the quantitative model itself. We further describe a prototype system based onthis architecture that incorporates these algorithms. We apply the prototype to online estimation of response times for DB2 Universal Database under a TPC-W workload. Of the approximately 500 metrics available from the DB2 performance monitor, our system chooses three to construct a model that explains 72 percent of the variability of response time.
The Effect of Volarly Angulated Distal Radius Fractures on Forearm Rotation: In Vitro Biomechanical Study (2015)

Introduction To examine the effects of volar angulation deformities of the distal radius with and without triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) rupture on the magnitude of forearm rotation.
SIK2 inhibition enhances PARP inhibitor activity synergistically in ovarian and triple-negative breast cancers (2022)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) have had an increasing role in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers. PARP inhibitors are selectively active in cells with homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency caused by mutations in BRCA1/2 and other DNA repair pathway genes. Cancers with homologous recombination DNA repair proficiency respond poorly to PARP inhibitors. Cancers that initially respond to PARP inhibitors eventually develop drug resistance. We have identified salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) inhibitors, ARN3236 and ARN3261, which decreased DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair functions and produced synthetic lethality with multiple PARP inhibitors in both homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency and proficiency cancer cells. SIK2 is required for centrosome splitting and PI3K activation and regulates cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Here, we showed that SIK2 inhibitors sensitized ovarian and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and xenografts to PARP inhibitors. SIK2 inhibitors decreased PARP enzyme activity and phosphorylation of class-IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC4/5/7). Furthermore, SIK2 inhibitors abolished class-IIa HDAC4/5/7-associated transcriptional activity of myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D), decreasing MEF2D binding to regulatory regions with high chromatin accessibility in FANCD2, EXO1, and XRCC4 genes, resulting in repression of their functions in the DNA DSB repair pathway. The combination of PARP inhibitors and SIK2 inhibitors provides a therapeutic strategy to enhance PARP inhibitor sensitivity for ovarian cancer and TNBC.