gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Use of Boosting Configurations and Valve Strategies for High Load HCCI - A Modeling Study (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study investigates a novel approach towards boosted HCCI operation, which makes use of all engine system components in order to maximize overall efficiency. Four-cylinder boosted HCCI engines have been modeled employing valve strategies and turbomachines that enable high load operation with significant efficiency benefits. A commercially available engine simulation software, coupled to the University of Michigan HCCI combustion and heat transfer correlations, was used to model the HCCI engines with three different boosting configurations: turbocharging, variable geometry turbocharging and combined supercharging with turbocharging. The valve strategy features switching from low-lift Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) to high-lift Positive Valve Overlap (PVO) at medium loads. The new operating approach indicates that heating of the charge from external compression is more efficient than heating by residual gas retention strategies. Hot intake charge allows for valve events and combustion phasing that enable high turbine performance and alleviate the backpressure problems often associated with boosted HCCI. Reduced pumping work and high intake pressure allow for further improvements in the upper load limit and efficiency, while avoiding NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; formation and ringing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Boosting enables high load HCCI but combustion needs to occur in such a way as to allow for increased exhaust energy directed to the turbine. The addition of supercharging allows for higher intake pressures and temperatures, while the associated mechanical work penalty can be minimized by optimizing the supercharger gearing. The successful use of PVO and currently available turbochargers supports the realization of a dual mode SI/HCCI engine. This is also supported by the presence of high intake temperatures which allow compression ratio values closer to those of mainstream direct injection SI engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Enhancement of nonlinear-optical effects in silicon nanodisks driven by magnetic Mie resonances (Conference Presentation) (2017)

The study of nonlinear effects with high-index dielectric nanoparticles is emerging as a promising alternative to plasmonic systems usually utilized for nonlinear nanophotonics, due to negligible Ohmic losses and low heating in combination with multipolar radiation characteristics of both electric and magnetic nature. In this contribution, we discussed novel nonlinear-optical effects, such as enhanced second- and third-harmonic generation in silicon nanodisks excited in the spectral range close to the magnetic dipole resonance of the individual disk. Each of the nanodisks exhibits both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances that are shown to affect significantly their nonlinear response. We have observed the third- harmonic radiation intensity that is comparable to that of a bulk silicon slab and demonstrated a pronounced reshaping of the third-harmonic spectra due to interference of the nonlinearly generated waves augmented by an interplay between the electric and the magnetic dipolar resonances. We have also demonstrated all-optical switching of femtosecond laser pulses passing through subwavelength silicon nanodisks at their magnetic dipolar resonance. In z-scan experiments, we have observed a modulation of up to 60% and a spectral resonance shift of 6 nm when pumping the nanostructure at picojoule-per-disk powers. Third-harmonic generation from silicon nanodisks arranged in the form of quadrumers or trimer oligomers with varying distance between the nanoparticles is studied.
Fatal complications of endoscopic ultrasonography: a look at 18 cases (2007)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is perceived and reported to be a very safe procedure, at least in expert hands. Biennial assessment of all EUS procedures done in Israel since 1999 shows 8 cases of fatal EUS complications out of a total of 20 000 procedures. In seven of the eight cases tears of the duodenum were involved (all occurring with linear-type echoendoscopes); none involved fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA). Duodenal diverticuli were noted in four of the eight cases. Limited experience with linear echoendoscopes on the part of the operator (around 100 procedures or fewer) was common (five of the eight cases).
Polymer/YOx Hybrid‐Sandwich Gate Dielectrics for Semitransparent Pentacene Thin‐Film Transistors Operating Under 5 V (2006)

A hybrid-sandwich dielectric—combining the advantages of inorganic high-dielectric-constant dielectrics and ultrathin organic dielectrics—for the gate of pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs, see figure) is presented. The performance of the TFTs and resistance-load inverters constructed with them is shown to be satisfactory even when the devices are operated at the low voltage of –5 V.
Data from Are Short Telomeres Hallmarks of Cancer Recurrence? (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Exposure to radiation and some chemotherapeutic agents is associated with an increased risk of developing second cancers. Short telomeres are almost universally associated with malignant cancer progression. An unanswered question is whether inherited short telomeres or therapy-related telomere shortening is a biomarker of the development of second malignant neoplasms. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 779–81. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cysteine protease activity is up-regulated in inflamed ankle joints of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and decreases with in vivo administration of a vinyl sulfone cysteine protease inhibitor (2001)

Cysteine protease activity levels increase in the diseased state and may be an important target for designing small molecule inhibitors to reduce the inflammation and tissue destruction associated with RA.
Introduction to the Special Section on Contactless Energy Transfer Systems (2012)

The 18 papers in this special section focus on contactless energy transfer (CET) systems. These papers can be grouped into the following categories: 1) a review paper on acoustic CET systems; 2) capacitive coupled CET systems; 3) novel control methods applied for CET systems: adaptive sliding mode, phase-locked loop based, etc.; and 4) modern inductive coupled CET systems with uni- and bidirectional energy flow directions, multiple and individual users, etc.
Supplementary Table 6 from Proteomic Profiling Identifies Dysregulated Pathways in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Novel Therapeutic Targets Including PARP1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 35K, IC50 values for AZD2281 and AG01469 after 14d treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Holey two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets for efficient energy storage (2017)

Transition metal oxide nanomaterials are promising electrodes for alkali-ion batteries owing to their distinct reaction mechanism, abundant active sites and shortened ion diffusion distance. However, detailed conversion reaction processes in terms of the oxidation state evolution and chemical/mechanical stability of the electrodes are still poorly understood. Herein we explore a general synthetic strategy for versatile synthesis of various holey transition metal oxide nanosheets with adjustable hole sizes that enable greatly enhanced alkali-ion storage properties. We employ in-situ transmission electron microscopy and operando X-ray absorption structures to study the mechanical properties, morphology evolution and oxidation state changes during electrochemical processes. We find that these holey oxide nanosheets exhibit strong mechanical stability inherited from graphene oxide, displaying minimal structural changes during lithiation/delithiation processes. These holey oxide nanosheets represent a promising material platform for in-situ probing the electrochemical processes, and could open up opportunities in many energy storage and conversion systems.
Computational architecture for the Utah/MIT hand (2005)

This paper presents the computational architecture for the Utah-MIT hand, and discusses design issues encountered in its hardware and software development. The large number of linkages, actuators, and sensors offers a potentially severe computational burden for control; a multiprocessor hardware configuration has been developed to distribute this computation. In the interests of efficiency, minimal operating systems were devised for each processor which nevertheless were made sufficiently general for task scheduling, intertask communication, and debugging. This computational architecture is a general system which is potentially useful for other robotics applications.
Definition of the chalcogen bond (IUPAC Recommendations 2019) (2019)

Abstract This recommendation proposes a definition for the term “chalcogen bond”; it is recommended the term is used to designate the specific subset of inter- and intramolecular interactions formed by chalcogen atoms wherein the Group 16 element is the electrophilic site.
Additional file 31: of Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus (2017)

Classification and Clusters of signal transduction related genes. (XLSX 1577 kb)
Modeling the interaction of tandem bubbles for biomedical applications (2012)

Recent experiments, motivated by ultrasound-mediated drug and gene delivery, have utilized laser-generated tandem microbubbles to produce directional and targeted membrane poration of individual cells in microfluidic systems [Sankin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 078101 (2010)]. Two models describing the dynamics of coupled bubbles between parallel plates have been applied to understand these observations. The first approach is based on the Boundary Element Method in both 2D and 3D coordinate systems for bubbles bounded by finite rigid plates. Deformation of the bubble surfaces is taken into account, capturing phenomena such as bubble jetting and fragmentation [Hsiao et al., Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36, 2065-2079 (2010)]. The second approach is semi-analytic, accounts for fluid compressibility and elasticity of the plates, but is limited to spherical bubble pulsation [Hay et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 2477(A) (2011)]. Observations of tandem bubble interaction with adjacent biological cells and their potential for controlling cell poration will be discussed. Comparisons between simulation results obtained from the two models, as well as comparisons between the models and experimental measurements, will be presented. [Work supported by NIH grant nos. DK070618 and EB011603 (UT), 2R44EB005139-02A1 (DFI), DK052985 and RR016802 (Duke).]
Aberrations after intraocular lens implantation (2006)

We read with great interest the report by Pesudovs et al.1 regarding optical aberrations and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, particularly the authors' conclusion that “visual performance did not differ despite differences in wavefront aberration.” The authors state that they found no significant differences in logMAR visual acuity or sine wave contrast sensitivity despite a significant difference in spherical aberration (difference in C12 = 0.18 μm for a 6.0 mm pupil, “PMMA-scleral” versus “AcrySof-corneal” groups). The authors do note, however, that “recent reports suggest the visual impact of spherical aberration differences from IOLs can be detected by contrast sensitivity,” and state that their “results contradict this.” Pesudovs et al. specifically cite our work as contradictory to theirs.2 We would like to point out that our work represents only 1 example of a growing body of published evidence that demonstrates improved functional vision with elimination of spherical aberration by means of a modified prolate IOL designed to correct corneal spherical aberration.3–9 One additional unpublished but significant demonstration of improved functional vision with elimination of spherical aberration is reflected in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved labeling for the Tecnis modified prolate IOL (AMO, Inc.), which states that the “spherical aberration of eyes implanted with the Tecnis IOL is not significantly different from zero” and that “there is a meaningful safety benefit for elderly drivers and those with whom they share the road,” as well as “potential improvement in safety under low visibility for other activities of living” http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pma/pmamar04.html (see also, package insert, Foldable Ultraviolet Light-Absorbing Posterior Chamber IOL, Tecnis, with Z-sharp Optic Technology, model Z9000, AMO, Inc.) It is possible that the apparent contradiction highlighted by Pesudovs et al. may be resolved by the fact that studies demonstrating a correlation between elimination of spherical aberration and improvement in functional vision compare a modified prolate IOL to a variety of spherical IOLs, whereas those studies finding no difference in functional vision compare only spherical IOLs.
Observation of B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript (*)]K[superscript (*)] decays (2017)

A search for the decays B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript (*)0]K[superscript +] and B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript (*)+]K[superscript *0] is performed with data collected at the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb[superscript -1]. The decays B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript 0]K[superscript +] and B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript *0]K[superscript +] are observed for the first time, while first evidence is reported for the B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript *+]K[superscript *0] and B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψD[superscript +]K[superscript *0] decays. The branching fractions of these decays are determined relative to the B[subscript c][superscript +]→J/ψπ[superscript +] decay. The B[subscript c][superscript +] mass is measured, using the J/ψD[superscript 0]K[superscript +] final state, to be 6274.28±1.40(stat)±0.32(syst) MeV/c[superscript 2]. This is the most precise single measurement of the B[subscript c][superscript +] mass to date.
Flat and low dispersion in highly nonlinear slot waveguides (2010)

We propose highly nonlinear slot waveguides with flat and low dispersion over a wide wavelength range. Si nano-crystal and chalcogenide glass are considered as slot materials. Over a 244-nm bandwidth, dispersion of 0+/-0.16 ps/(nmxm) is achieved in a silicon nano-crystal slot waveguide, with a nonlinear coefficient of 2874 /(Wm). The As(2)S(3) slot waveguide exhibits dispersion of 0+/-0.17 ps/(nmxm) over a bandwidth of 249 nm, with a nonlinear coefficient 16 times larger than that of As(2)S(3) rib waveguides and a nonlinear figure of merit three times larger than that of Si strip waveguides.
Planar SiC Power Module Packaging and Interconnections Using Direct Ink Writing (2023)

Traditional device packaging becomes a limiting factor in realizing the full performance potential of SiC. Thus, improved and advanced packaging technologies are required to bridge the gap between SiC devices' potential and their applications. An additively printed electronics approach can enable advanced SiC power module packaging and interconnections. Printed electronics are being increasingly explored in the realm of electronics manufacturing, such as flexible hybrid electronics, and they have found their way into various aspects. However, printed electronics for high-power and high-performance power electronics is largely unexplored. Herein, we aim to develop a high planar power (>1.2kV), low profile, and low inductance SiC power module using conformal direct ink writing (DIW) interconnects and packaging. In addition, we aim to explore the feasibility and robustness of using printed electronics technologies for power packaging. The results of device-package simulations, dielectrics testing, conductor conductivity, and processing show the potential to meet high voltage requirements for SiC power modules. Functional vehicle testing shows that gate-source leakage, source-drain leakage, and threshold voltages are similar to conventionally packaged modules. In addition, functional test vehicles pass high voltage isolation and partial discharge tests. However, challenges in attaining high current capability remain due to high contact resistance between DIW interconnects and SiC chip and direct copper bonding (DCB) pads. Tailored surfaces and pressure sintering promise to attain lower contact resistance and on-resistance of the fabricated SiC modules.
Supplementary Information - MIATA Checklist from Short Peptide Vaccine Induces CD4<sup>+</sup> T Helper Cells in Patients with Different Solid Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Short peptide vaccine induces CD4+ T helper cells in patients with different solid cancers - desription of methods according to MIATA guidelines(MIATA checklist)&lt;/p&gt;
Approaches to discover non-ATP site kinase inhibitors (2012)

This review will highlight the most commonly used methods to discover small molecule Type III/IV kinase inhibitors.
A Singular System with Precise Dosing and Spatiotemporal Control of CRISPR‐Cas9 (2019)

Abstract Several genome engineering applications of CRISPR‐Cas9, an RNA‐guided DNA endonuclease, require precision control of Cas9 activity over dosage, timing, and targeted site in an organism. While some control of Cas9 activity over dose and time have been achieved using small molecules, and spatial control using light, no singular system with control over all the three attributes exists. Furthermore, the reported small‐molecule systems lack wide dynamic range, have background activity in the absence of the small‐molecule controller, and are not biologically inert, while the optogenetic systems require prolonged exposure to high‐intensity light. We previously reported a small‐molecule‐controlled Cas9 system with some dosage and temporal control. By photocaging this Cas9 activator to render it biologically inert and photoactivatable, and employing next‐generation protein engineering approaches, we have built a system with a wide dynamic range, low background, and fast photoactivation using a low‐intensity light while rendering the small‐molecule activator biologically inert. We anticipate these precision controls will propel the development of practical applications of Cas9.
Architectural Trade-Off Analysis for Accelerating LSTM Network Using Radix-r OBC Scheme (2022)

This paper presents architectural trade-off analysis for accelerating two (Type I, II) fixed-point long short-term memory (LSTM) network based on circulant matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) using radix- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> offset binary coding (OBC) scheme. Type I MVM architecture rotates the weights with the proposed modulo-cum interleaver and uses partial product generators (PPGs) with a single generation unit across a column. It is hardware-optimized using a single adder tree through time-multiplexing. Meanwhile, Type II MVM architecture rotates the inputs with the proposed store-cum interleaver and uses single PPGs with a single generation unit across a row. It is time-optimized by unfolding shift-accumulate unit to a shift-add tree followed by pipelining. A new design for element-wise multiplication using radix- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PPG is also presented. Both the designs are extended to their block-circulant variants for certain accuracy requirements. Post-synthesis of Type I and II architectures for a different model, kernel, radix sizes and clock frequencies result in several efficient designs. Compared with the prior scheme, Type I architecture for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$128 \times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r=2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on 28 nm FDSOI technology at 800 MHz occupies 32.27% lesser area, consumes 67.89% lesser power at the same throughput, while Type II architecture at the expense of area and power provides <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$40\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher throughput.
Tunable dual‐wavelength linear‐cavity fiber laser by using an external injection‐seeding scheme (2004)

Abstract In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a tunable dual‐wavelength fiber laser by using an external injection‐seeding scheme with a Fabry–Perot laser diode. The wavelength tuning range of this tunable dual‐wavelength fiber laser is 12.6 nm, and the optical side‐mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is more than 27 dB. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 406–408, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11394
Dynamic signal intensity changes in liver with superparamagnetic MR contrast agents (1992)

The dynamic effects of three different superparamagnetic magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents on liver signal were evaluated with an echo-planar imaging technique. The contrast agents were (a) USPIO (ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide), which has a long blood half-life and was developed for MR imaging of lymph nodes and bone marrow; (b) AG (arabinogalactan)-USPIO, an asialoglycoprotein receptor--directed iron oxide with hepatocyte uptake; and (c) AMI-25, a conventional reticuloendothelial iron oxide agent. Dynamic liver signal intensity (SI) curves reflect different uptake mechanisms for the different agents. Receptor blocking experiments indicate that intracellular redistribution or clustering of the AG-USPIO (known to occur from electron microscopy studies) does not contribute to the decrease in liver SI. Monitoring liver SI over time with echo-planar imaging may provide a better understanding of the kinetics of the growing number of MR contrast agents and allow optimization of imaging protocols to exploit peak enhancement.
Statistics on multiple primary cancer in last 5 years at the Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Hyugo prefecture. (1989)

1983年1月より1987年12月までの5年間に経験した皮膚癌 (ボーエン病, パジェット病, 基底細胞癌, 有棘細胞癌, 悪性黒色腫) 160例のなかの11例 (6.3%) に内臓癌の併発を認めた。このデータは, 1985年国立ガンセンターでの報告に, ほぼ一致するものであった。
Exploiting historical registers: Automatic methods for coding c19th and c20th cause of death descriptions to standard classifications (2013)

The increasing availability of digitised registration records presents a significant opportunity for research. Returning to the original records allows researchers to classify descriptions, such as cause of death, to modern medical understandings of illness and disease, rather than relying on contemporary registrars’ classifications. Linkage of an individual’s records together also allows the production of sparse life-course micro-datasets. The further linkage of these into family units then presents the possibility of reconstructing family structures and producing multi-generational studies. We describe work to develop a method for automatically coding to standard classifications the causes of death from 8.3 million Scottish death certificates. We have evaluated a range of approaches using text processing and supervised machine learning, obtaining accuracy from 72%-96% on several test sets. We present results and speculate on further development that may be needed for classification of the full data set.