gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of an Immunogenic Aminopeptidase ofBrucella melitensis (2003)

An immunogenic aminopeptidase was purified from Brucella melitensis strain VTRM1. The purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation and three chromatographic steps. This procedure resulted in a yield of 29% and a 144-fold increase in specific activity. The aminopeptidase appeared to be a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 96 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.8. Its activity was optimal at pH 7.0 at 40 degrees C. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by EDTA, 1,10-phenathroline, and divalent cations (Zn(2+) and Hg(2+)), suggesting that this protein was a metalloaminopeptidase. The enzyme showed preference for alanine at the N termini of aminoacyl derivatives. The K(m) values for L-alanine-p-nitroanilide (Ala-pNA) and Lys-pNA were 0.35 and 0.18 mM, respectively. The N-terminal sequence of aminopeptidase was used for a homologous search in the genomes of B. melitensis 16M and Brucella suis 1330. The analysis revealed an exact match of the probe sequence (36 bp) with an open reading frame of 2,652 bp encoding a protein predicted to be alanyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase N). Collectively, these data suggest designation of the B. melitensis enzyme as an aminopeptidase N. The aminopeptidase was recognized by sera from patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, suggesting that the enzyme may have important diagnostic implications.
Synthesis of hierarchical zeolite templated carbons (2020)

The achievement of hierarchical zeolite templated carbons (ZTCs) is firstly reported through the use of mesoporous zeolites as sacrificial scaffolds. The achieved hierarchical ZTCs feature both tailored microporosity and high degree of mesoporosity and allow hence to bridge the gap between classical ZTCs and CMK-like materials. Mesoporosity from steamed zeolites was meticulously transcribed to the ZTC particles. The use of zeolites featuring surfactant-templated mesoporosity allowed for achieving a ZTC with a very high mesopore volume (0.85 cm3 g−1). The rearrangement of surfactant-templated mesoporosity could be evidenced through nitrogen physisorption and transmission electron microscopy on ultramicrotomed samples. The rearrangement of mesoporosity during ZTC formation has been found to impact coherent crystal size and the lattice strain of the zeolite template. The combination of data from X-ray diffraction and nitrogen physisorption allowed further to reveal that the thickness of the ZTC skeleton is impacted by the degree of intracrystalline mesoporosity in the template zeolite. Through comparing the textural characteristics of the zeolite templates and of the achieved hierarchical ZTCs, important evidence was found that the surfactant-templating of USY zeolite leads to the development of a secondary amorphous phase and that the reduction of the microporous volume during this process is merely apparent.
Automating string processing in spreadsheets using input-output examples (2011)

We describe the design of a string programming/expression language that supports restricted forms of regular expressions, conditionals and loops. The language is expressive enough to represent a wide variety of string manipulation tasks that end-users struggle with. We describe an algorithm based on several novel concepts for synthesizing a desired program in this language from input-output examples. The synthesis algorithm is very efficient taking a fraction of a second for various benchmark examples. The synthesis algorithm is interactive and has several desirable features: it can rank multiple solutions and has fast convergence, it can detect noise in the user input, and it supports an active interaction model wherein the user is prompted to provide outputs on inputs that may have multiple computational interpretations.
Current Challenges and Obstacles to Drug Development for Chagas Disease (2018)

Chagas disease is a protozoan infection which was first identified more than one hundred years ago. But even now, drugs to treat the latent and chronic phases of the disease are not available. The success of a drug design is highly dependent on activity and toxicity. In the case of Chagas disease, questions remain as to identifying the best treatment (mainly for the chronic phase), and how new drugs and drug combinations compare to current therapy. The principal priority of this mini-review is to report the enormous difficulty that pharmaceutical chemists encounter in the development of new drugs for neglected tropical infectious diseases, in this case Chagas disease.
Real-time Dynamics Compensation with Considering Ground Reaction Force and Moment Limit for Biped Robot (2014)

In this paper we propose a dynamics error compensation method for the approximate gait in which the vertical ground reaction force varies such as a running gait. In this method, the dynamics error of the original gait is calculated as the moment of the ground reaction force about the target ZMP by using a more precise dynamics model. The allowable ranges of the horizontal ground reaction force and the ground reaction moment about the target ZMP is determined according to the vertical ground reaction force. The horizontal position and inclination of the torso are modified to reduce the dynamics error as well as to satisfy the allowable ranges using an inverted pendulum model and a flywheel model. The approximate gait is modified to have the total center of mass follow parabolic motion while conserving the angular momentum about the center of mass, by just setting both allowable ranges to [0,0] during the flight phase. The effect of the proposed method is shown by the simulation and experiment of ASIMO running.
High-Flux MHz Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Source (2020)

An ideal vacuum ultraviolet light source for applications in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and photoionization mass spectrometry would have a high flux, a MHz repetition rate, a photon energy range from the UV to at least 15 eV, and variable energy and time resolution. This year, we reported a highly cascaded harmonic generation technique that addresses this challenge.
Effects of Body Weight and Repeat Hormone Treatment on Lamb Follicular Development (2011)

The effects of body weight and hormone repeated on lamb oocytes development were studied.The experiments included that:(1) Three group lambs of different body weight and aged from 5 to 15 weeks were stimulated by multiple dose of FSH and a single injection of PMSG.The oocytes were cultured for observing rate cladvage and blastocyst obtained by 1aparotomy oocytes recovery from live donors.(2) Lambs of similar body condition were stimulated repeatedly with same hormone,and then the oocytes were cultured.The results were as follows:(1) There was no significant difference among three groups in number of follicles;but the number of oocytes of group M(middle weight) were significantly higher than the other two groups(P0.05).(2) The cleavage and mulberry/blastocyst rates of oocytes from Group H(heavy) were higher than those from group M(middle) and group L(light),and the mulberry/blastocyst rates of oocytes from group H(heavy) was significantly higher than those from group L(P0.05).(3) The number of follicles and oocytes from repeat treatment were significantly lower than the initial treatment(P0.01).In conclusion,the number of oocytes and the development capability of oocytes from the middle weight lambs were better than the other two groups.The number of oocytes of the group treated repeatedly was less than initially.
Phosphazene-Promoted Metal-Free Ring-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide Initiated by Carboxylic Acid (2014)

The effectiveness of carboxylic acid as initiator for the anionic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide was investigated with a strong phosphazene base (t-BuP4) used as promoter. Kinetic study showed an induction period, i.e., transformation of carboxylic acid to hydroxyl ester, followed by slow chain growth together with simultaneous and fast end-group transesterification, which led to poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) consisting of monoester (monohydroxyl), diester, and dihydroxyl species. An appropriate t-BuP4/acid ratio was proven to be essential to achieve better control over the polymerization and low dispersity of PEO. This work provides important information and enriches the toolbox for macromolecular and biomolecular engineering with protic initiating sites.
A 65nm CMOS quad-band SAW-less receiver for GSM/GPRS/EDGE (2010)

A quad-band 2.5G receiver integrates the front-end SAW filters, the LNA matching, as well as the RF baluns, achieving a typical sensitivity of close to -111dBm. Utilizing an arrangement of only four baseband capacitors and MOS switches driven by 4-phase 25% duty-cycle clocks, high-Q BPF's are realized to attenuate the 0dBm out-of-band blocker. The SAW-less receiver draws 55mA from the battery, and measures an out-of-band 1dB-compression of greater than +2dBm.
Endourological Management of Ureteroileal Anastomotic Strictures: Is It Effective? (1987)

Ureteroileal stenosis represents a serious postoperative threat to the obstructed kidney and open revision in these patients often is difficult. We evaluated 9 patients with 10 ureteroileal strictures who were treated with semirigid fascial dilators (1), balloon dilation (4) or a combination of balloon dilation and percutaneous intraureteral surgery (4). All 5 patients who had semirigid fascial or balloon dilation alone had early recurrence of the strictures. However, in 4 patients dilation in conjunction with percutaneous intraureteral incision of the stricture through a flexible choledochonephroscope resulted in short-term resolution of each ureteroileal stricture. However, by 6 months these strictures had recurred in 50 per cent of the patients.
Analyzing the aberration fields of a three-mirror telescope and correcting them using freeform Zernike surfaces (2017)

Using the aberration theory of freeform surfaces, an unobscured three-mirror freeform telescope is designed. The design process utilizes aberration full-field displays to strategically add freeform terms only where needed in an effort to minimize the freeform departure.
Cystadenomas of the Pancreas (1998)

This experience suggests that enucleation of mucinous cystadenomas of the pancreas can be performed safely and that the recurrence rate is low after this procedure. The authors conclude that enucleation is an adequate procedure for benign cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.
Spin valves exchange biased by IrMn/PtMn laminated antiferromagnets (2000)

This investigation has examined the use of the laminated antiferromagnet PtMn/IrMn to exchange bias spin valves in an attempt to combine the high exchange field and blocking temperature of PtMn with the good pinning profile of IrMn. The effect of varying the IrMn thickness was examined for top and bottom spin values exchange biased by CoFe20Å/IrMn/PtMn. For top spin valves, Hex rapidly decreases as IrMn thickness is increased, with the exchange pinning virtually disappearing by 20 Å. As the thickness continues to increase the pinning reappears, and by 40 Å of IrMn an exchange field of 500 Oe and coercivity of 100 Oe are observed. This exchange field is slightly higher than that observed for CoFe/IrMn40 spin valves (400 Oe as deposited, 470 Oe after annealing). For bottom spin valves the same trends are observed, although the pinning never completely disappears. Also, the exchange field of 600 Oe is lower than that obtained for IrMn (670 Oe), presumably due to the rougher interface of the PtMn underlayer. For both top and bottom spin valves the laminated antiferromagnet showed improvement in thermal stability compared to as deposited and annealed IrMn spin valves.
Maskless Fabrication for Micropad Interconnection using Electroless NiB Deposition and Application to "Chemical" Flip-Chip Bonding (2009)

Deposition behavior of localized electroless NiB deposition for pad-to-pad connection was investigated. Localized deposition occurred mainly on the area between facing pads, and anisotropic deposition toward each facing pad was obtained. Thus, this connection, "preferential bridge connection", is no need of photolithographic technique. These results indicated that this process is one of the maskless fabrication processes. Moreover, chemical flip-chip bonding containing preferential bridge interconnection was demonstrated. The chip-to-substrate interconnection with 30 micrometer pitch was successfully achieved.
Improving Energy Efficiency in Multi-Cell OFDMA Networks (2012)

In this contribution a smart resource allocation algorithm which conjugates the capacity enhancement capability of a classical scheduling strategy based on a maximum Channel State Indicator assignment, and the interference mitigation capability provided in multi-cell environments by power adaptation, is analyzed and validated from an energy efficiency point of view. The proposed algorithm has the ambition of embodying a "green" solution to the problem of optimally allocating the transmission resources to both fixed or mobile users in an OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) multi-cell environment. A system level simulator reproducing, in a multi-cell scenario with mobile users, the standard parameters of LTE (Long Term Evolution) is used to analyze the impact of the proposed strategy on the system power efficiency. The comparison of its performance with the one provided by other classical scheduling strategies definitely states the advantages of the proposed solution in terms of energy efficiency, confirming the prominent role of power reduction effect on the performance of smart allocation strategies in cellular systems.
Spatiotemporal Deconvolution of Hydrophone Response for Linear and Nonlinear Beams—Part II: Experimental Validation (2022)

This article reports experimental validation for spatiotemporal deconvolution methods and simple empirical formulas to correct pressure and beamwidth measurements for spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The method was validated using linear and nonlinear beams transmitted by seven single-element spherically focusing transducers (2-10 MHz; F /#: 1-3) and measured with five hydrophones (sensitive element diameters d<sub>g</sub> : 85-1000 [Formula: see text]), resulting in 35 transducer/hydrophone combinations. Exponential functions, exp( -αx ), where x = d<sub>g</sub> /( λ<sub>1</sub>F /#) and λ<sub>1</sub> is the fundamental wavelength, were used to model focal pressure ratios p'/p (where p' is the measured value subjected to spatial averaging and p is the true axial value that would be obtained with a hypothetical point hydrophone). Spatiotemporal deconvolution reduced α (followed by root mean squared difference between data and fit) from 0.29-0.30 (7%) to 0.01 (8%) (linear signals) and from 0.29-0.40 (8%) to 0.04 (14%) (nonlinear signals), indicating successful spatial averaging correction. Linear functions, Cx + 1, were used to model FWHM'/FWHM, where FWHM is full-width half-maximum. Spatiotemporal deconvolution reduced C from 9% (4%) to -0.6% (1%) (linear signals) and from 30% (10%) to 6% (5%) (nonlinear signals), indicating successful spatial averaging correction. Spatiotemporal deconvolution resulted in significant improvement in accuracy even when the hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter exceeded the beam FWHM. Responsible reporting of hydrophone-based pressure measurements should always acknowledge spatial averaging considerations.
An Effectiveness--Number of Transfer Units Relationship for Evaporators With Non-negligible Boiling Point Elevation Increases (2016)

An effectiveness number of transfer units (ε–NTU) model is developed for use in evaporators where the evaporating stream: (1) comprises a volatile solvent and nonvolatile solute(s) and (2) undergoes a significant, but linear change in boiling point elevation (BPE) with increasing solute molality. The model is applicable to evaporators driven by an isothermal stream (e.g., steam-driven or refrigerant-driven) in parallel flow, counterflow, and crossflow configurations where the evaporating stream is mixed. The model is of use in a variety of process engineering applications as well as the sizing and rating of evaporators in high-salinity desalination systems.
Knowing How to Navigate: Mechanisms of Semaphorin Signaling in the Nervous System (2002)

Neuronal connections are made during embryonic development with astonishing precision to ultimately form the physical basis for the central nervous system's main capacity: information processing. Over the past few decades, much has been learned about the general principles of axon guidance. A key finding to emerge is that extracellular cues play decisive roles in establishing the connections. One family of such cues, the semaphorin proteins, was first identified as repellents for navigating axons during brain wiring. Recent studies have implicated these molecules in many other processes of neuronal development, including axonal fasciculation, target selection, neuronal migration, and dendritic guidance, as well as in the remodeling and repair of the adult nervous system. It appears that responding neuronal processes sense these semaphorin signals by a family of transmembrane molecules, namely the plexins, even though neuropilins were also found to be required for mediating the interaction between plexins and class 3 semaphorins. Our understanding of the intracellular signaling machinery linking the receptors to the cytoskeleton machinery is still incomplete, but several molecules have been implicated in mediating or modulating semaphorin-induced responses. Adding to the complexity of semaphorin biology, new findings implicate semaphorins in functioning not only as signaling ligands, but also as signal-transducing receptors. Thus, semaphorins may serve as important probes for exploring the mechanisms of intercellular communication during the development and function of the nervous system.
Chemoselective Reactions of Amidines:  Selective Formation of Iminopyrimidine Regioisomers (2000)

The dramatic effect of base on the chemoselectivity of the reaction of amidines with substituted 3-phenyl-2-propynylnitriles is demonstrated. Amidine 1 can be added to cyanoalkyne 2 to give iminopyrimidine isomer 3 with high selectivity. The addition of 2 equiv of NaHMDS completely reverses the selectivity of the reaction, yielding isomer 4 almost exclusively. This method has been used to prepare a variety of substituted 4-iminopyrimidines.
Combinatorial Libraries of Metal-Ligand Assemblies with an Encapsulated Guest Molecule (2001)

Die Kombination zweier verschiedener Biscatechol-Liganden mit GaIII ermöglicht zwölf unterschiedliche Anordnungen, die sich alle gleichzeitig in Lösung befinden (siehe Schema). Charakterisiert wurden sie mit ESI-FTICR-Massenspektrometrie und NMR-Spektroskopie; größere Bibliotheken können mit einer höheren Zahl eingesetzter Komponenten erhalten werden.
CCD image sensor with differential, pyramidal output for lossless image compression (2002)

The first integration of a 256*256 buried-channel frame-transfer CCD (charge coupled device) image sensor with CCD-based reformatting circuitry to allow on-chip difference encoding for hierarchical lossless image compression is reported. The 28 frames per second pyramidal pixel output is in 3*3 pixel blocks with the center pixel first. The reformatting circuitry occupies 2% of the active chip area with an estimated power dissipation of 150 mu W at a 30-Hz frame rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resilient operation of voltage-sourced BTB HVDC systems under power system disturbances (2009)

The penetration factor of back-to-back (BTB) voltage-sourced converter (VSC) based HVDC system, will be high enough and promising if they do not only make the overall system more vulnerable but also maintain the desired function in any circumstances like fault conditions. This paper proposes two different control structures which yield to suppress the DC link voltage oscillations of these interface components in case of power systems disturbances. The shortcomings of previous methods are highlighted which is mainly due to the relatively low switching frequency operation of these high power devices. The comprehensive analytical design procedure will be presented for both controllers and performance of them are verified and evaluated through simulation.
De novo identification of toxicants that cause irreparable damage to parasitic nematode intestinal cells (2020)

Efforts to identify new drugs for therapeutic and preventive treatments against parasitic nematodes have gained increasing interest with expanding pathogen omics databases and drug databases from which new anthelmintic compounds might be identified. Here, a novel approach focused on integrating a pan-Nematoda multi-omics data targeted to a specific nematode organ system (the intestinal tract) with evidence-based filtering and chemogenomic screening was undertaken. Based on de novo computational target prioritization of the 3,564 conserved intestine genes in A. suum, exocytosis was identified as a high priority pathway, and predicted inhibitors of exocytosis were tested using the large roundworm (Ascaris suum larval stages), a filarial worm (Brugia pahangi adult and L3), a whipworm (Trichuris muris adult), and the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 10 of 13 inhibitors were found to cause rapid immotility in A. suum L3 larvae, and five inhibitors were effective against the three phylogenetically diverse parasitic nematode species, indicating potential for a broad spectrum anthelmintics. Several distinct pathologic phenotypes were resolved related to molting, motility, or intestinal cell and tissue damage using conventional and novel histologic methods. Pathologic profiles characteristic for each inhibitor will guide future research to uncover mechanisms of the anthelmintic effects and improve on drug designs. This progress firmly validates the focus on intestinal cell biology as a useful resource to develop novel anthelmintic strategies.
Paternally expressed retrotransposon Gag-like 1 gene, RTL1, is one of the crucial elements for placental angiogenesis in horses (2021)

RTL1 (retrotransposon Gag-like 1) is an essential gene in the development of the human and murine placenta. Several fetal and placental abnormalities such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hydrops conditions have been associated with altered expression of this gene. However, the function of RTL1 has not been identified. RTL1 is located on a highly conserved region in eutherian mammals. Therefore, the genetic and molecular analysis in horses could hold important implications for other species, including humans. Here, we demonstrated that RTL1 is paternally expressed and is localized within the endothelial cells of the equine (Equus caballus) chorioallantois. We developed an equine placental microvasculature primary cell culture and demonstrated that RTL1 knockdown leads to loss of the sprouting ability of these endothelial cells. We further demonstrated an association between abnormal expression of RTL1 and development of hydrallantois. Our data suggest that RTL1 may be essential for placental angiogenesis, and its abnormal expression can lead to placental insufficiency. This placental insufficiency could be the reason for IUGR and hydrops conditions reported in other species, including humans.
Triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission over cascaded dispersion-shifted fibers (1999)

Triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission over cascaded dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF's) is demonstrated. A total of 54/spl times/10-Gb/s signals in the 1470-, 1550-, and 1590-nm bands are transmitted through 240 km (3/spl times/80 km) DSF's. The effect of interwavelength-band nonlinear interactions expected from the stimulated-Raman-scattering-induced excess loss are shown to be negligible.