gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and selective uptake, metabolism, and cellular distribution of docosahexaenoic acid among rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the frog retina (1991)

The uptake, metabolism, and cellular distribution of 3H-docosahexaenoic acid (3H-22:6) in the frog retina during in vitro incubation were studied. An initial diffuse labeling throughout the retina was detected by autoradiography and was followed by an active steady increase in labeled photoreceptor cells. After 6 hr of incubation, 92% of the label was concentrated in photoreceptor cells. Among these cells, 435-rods (green rods) labeled heavily and showed two to three times higher uptake than the 502-rods (red rods). Cone uptake labeling was the lowest, showing negligible labeling throughout the cytoplasm. However, oil droplets of the 575-cones actively concentrated 22:6. The high uptake of 3H-22:6 by photoreceptor cells was followed by its rapid esterification into phospholipids. After 6 hr of labeling, only 5% of the radioactivity in the retina was free 22:6, whereas 88% was esterified into phospholipids. The remaining 22:6 was distributed equally in triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols. When 3H-22:6 (0.11 microM) of high specific activity was used, early incubation times showed phosphatidylinositol (PI) labeling to be of the same order of magnitude or greater than that of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Although the amount of endogenous 22:6 esterified into PI accounted for less than 2% of the 22:6 in retinal phospholipids, 27% of 3H-22:6 labeling was recovered in this phospholipid. When 14C-22:6 at a final concentration of 70 microM was used, a different profile of lipid labeling was observed. Forty percent of the labeling remained in the free fatty acid pool, followed by TAG (24%), PC (14%), and PE (12%). PI showed the smallest increase in picomoles of 14C-22:6 incorporated, when compared with 3H-22:6. In conclusion, a selective and differential uptake of 3H-22:6 by photoreceptor cells is coupled to its active utilization for phospholipid biosynthesis, mainly that of PC, PE, and PI. The differential uptake of 3H-22:6 among photoreceptor cells may reflect involvement of this fatty acid in cell-specific functions.
Towards the Development of Advanced Packing Design for Distillation in Rotating Packed Beds (2019)

Abstract The growing demand for flexible and compact separation technologies has promoted the application of high‐gravity technology, like rotating packed beds (RPBs). Mass transfer characterization and packing design play an important role in the development of this technology. This article provides a systematic approach towards the evaluation of packing and the development of advanced packing design for distillation in RPBs. For the latter, an additive manufacturing approach is used to develop a new Zickzack packing for RPBs. The new packing provides better mass transfer at reduced pressure drop compared to available conventional packings, while being competitive in terms of mass transfer with the industrially applied rotating zigzag bed at significantly reduced pressure drop.
New Strategies for the Design of Folded Peptoids Revealed by a Survey of Noncovalent Interactions in Model Systems (2009)

Controlling the equilibria between backbone cis- and trans-amides in peptoids, or N-substituted glycine oligomers, constitutes a significant challenge in the construction of discretely folded peptoid structures. Through the analysis of a set of monomeric peptoid model systems, we have developed new and general strategies for controlling peptoid conformation that utilize local noncovalent interactions to regulate backbone amide rotameric equilibria, including n-->pi*, steric, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The chemical functionalities required to implement these strategies are typically confined to the peptoid side chains, preserve chirality at the side chain N-alpha-carbon known to engender peptoid structure, and are fully compatible with standard peptoid synthesis techniques. Our examinations of peptoid model systems have also elucidated how solvents affect various side chain-backbone interactions, revealing fundamental aspects of these noncovalent interactions in peptoids that were largely uncharacterized previously. As validation of our monomeric model systems, we extended the scope of this study to include peptoid oligomers and have now demonstrated the importance of local steric and n-->pi* interactions in dictating the structures of larger, folded peptoids. This new, modular design strategy has guided the construction of peptoids containing 1-naphthylethyl side chains, which we show can be utilized to effectively eliminate trans-amide rotamers from the peptoid backbone, yielding the most conformationally homogeneous class of peptoid structures yet reported in terms of amide rotamerism. Overall, this research has afforded a valuable and expansive set of design tools for the construction of both discretely folded peptoids and structurally biased peptoid libraries and should shape our understanding of peptoid folding.
Pattern of 18F-FDG Uptake in the Spinal Cord in Patients With Non-Central Nervous System Malignancy (2011)

The pattern of 18F-FDG uptake within the spinal cord, observed in patients with non-central nervous system malignancy, may be helpful in understanding glucose physiology of spinal cord diseases and warrants further research.
Solid-Phase Suzuki Coupling for C−C Bond Formation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSolid-Phase Suzuki Coupling for C−C Bond FormationJoseph W. Guiles, Sigmond G. Johnson, and William V. MurrayView Author Information The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1000 Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, New Jersey 08869 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 15, 5169–5171Publication Date (Web):July 26, 1996Publication History Received1 March 1996Published online26 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9604301Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1179Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (137 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Catalysts,Organic polymers,Palladium,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Strapdown Inertial Navigation Mechanism (2021)

Strapdown inertial navigation systems are the most common form of inertial navigation system due to its potential benefits of lower cost, reduced size, and greater reliability compared with equivalent gimbal systems. This chapter introduces fundamentals on the strapdown inertial navigation mechanism. In the n-frame, navigation data are expressed by velocity components along the North, East, and Down directions, and latitude, longitude, and altitude. Therefore, it is more commonly used in navigation applications on the Earth or in the vicinity of the Earth surface. The Coriolis acceleration can be neglected in cases where the navigation error caused by the inertial measurement units (IMU) measurement error is much greater than the Coriolis effect. Attitude initialization, unlike position and velocity initialization, can be achieved by inertial sensors if the IMU is stationary with respect to the Earth. Gyrocompassing requires the IMU to measure the Earth's rotation, which is around 15 °/h, to obtain the yaw angle information.
The Cytokine Midkine and Its Receptor RPTPζ Regulate B Cell Survival in a Pathway Induced by CD74 (2011)

Lasting B cell persistence depends on survival signals that are transduced by cell surface receptors. In this study, we describe a novel biological mechanism essential for survival and homeostasis of normal peripheral mature B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, regulated by the heparin-binding cytokine, midkine (MK), and its proteoglycan receptor, the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ). We demonstrate that MK initiates a signaling cascade leading to B cell survival by binding to RPTPζ. In mice lacking PTPRZ, the proportion and number of the mature B cell population are reduced. Our results emphasize a unique and critical function for MK signaling in the previously described MIF/CD74-induced survival pathway. Stimulation of CD74 with MIF leads to c-Met activation, resulting in elevation of MK expression in both normal mouse splenic B and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Our results indicate that MK and RPTPζ are important regulators of the B cell repertoire. These findings could pave the way toward understanding the mechanisms shaping B cell survival and suggest novel therapeutic strategies based on the blockade of the MK/RPTPζ-dependent survival pathway.
Andrographolide reduces cognitive impairment in young and mature AβPPswe/PS-1 mice (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are a key factor in synaptic impairment and in spatial memory decline associated with neuronal dysfunction. This impairment includes synaptic failure associated with the loss of synaptic proteins that contribute to AD progression. Interestingly, the use of natural compounds is an emergent conceptual strategy in the search for drugs with therapeutic potentials for treating neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we report that andrographolide (ANDRO), which is a labdane diterpene extracted from Andrographis paniculata, increases slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices and inhibits long-term depression (LTD), protecting the long-term potentiation (LTP) against the damage induced by Aβ oligomers in vitro, most likely by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Additionally, ANDRO prevents changes in neuropathology in two different age groups (7- and 12-month-old mice) of an AβPPswe/PS-1 Alzheimer's model. ANDRO reduces the Aβ levels, changing the ontogeny of amyloid plaques in hippocampi and cortices in 7-month-old mice, and reduces tau phosphorylation around the Aβ oligomeric species in both age groups. Additionally, we observed that ANDRO recovers spatial memory functions that correlate with protecting synaptic plasticity and synaptic proteins in two different age groups. Our results suggest that ANDRO could be used in a potential preventive therapy during AD progression.
Branchlike nano-electrodes for enhanced terahertz emission in photomixers (2015)

Branchlike nano-electrode structures were found to improve the THz emission intensity of a photomixer by approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of a photomixer with one row of nano-electrodes separated by the same 100 nm gap. The enhancement is attributed to a more efficient collection of generated carriers, which is in turn due to a more intense electric field under the branchlike nano-electrodes' structures. This is coupled with an increased number of effective areas where strong tip-to-tip THz field enhancements were observed. The optical-to-THz conversion efficiency of the photomixers with the new branchlike nano-electrodes was found to be 10 times higher. The more efficient THz photomixer will greatly benefit the development of continuous-wave THz imaging and spectroscopy systems.
Decentralized Information-Rich Planning and Hybrid Sensor Fusion for Uncertainty Reduction in Human-Robot Missions (2011)

This paper introduces a novel planning and estimation framework for maximizing infor- mation collection in missions involving cooperative teams of multiple autonomous vehicles and human agents, such as those used for multi-target search and tracking. The main contribution of this work is the scalable uni cation of e ective algorithms for distributed high-level task planning, decentralized information-based trajectory planning, and hybrid Bayesian information fusion through a common Gaussian mixture uncertainty representa- tion, which can accommodate multiple mission objectives and constraints as well as het- erogeneous human/robot information sources. The proposed framework is validated with promising results on real hardware through a set of experiments involving a human-robot team performing a multi-target search mission.
AN INFRARED SPACE OBSERVATORY ATLAS OF BRIGHT SPIRAL GALAXIES 1 (2002)

In this first paper in a series we present an atlas of infrared images and photometry from 1.2 to 180 lm for a sample of bright spiral galaxies. The atlas galaxies are an optically selected, magnitude-limited sample of 77 spiral and S0 galaxies chosen from the Revised Shapley-Ames Catalog (RSA). The sample is a representative sample of spiral galaxies and includes Seyfert galaxies, LINERs, interacting galaxies, and peculiar galaxies. Using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), we have obtained 12 lm images and photometry at 60, 100, and 180 lm for the galaxies. In addition to its imaging capabilities, ISO provides substantially better angular resolution than is available in the IRAS survey, and this permits discrimination between infrared activity in the central regions and global infrared emission in the disks of these galaxies. These ISO data have been supplemented with JHK imaging using ground-based telescopes. The atlas includes 2 and 12 lm images. Following an analysis of the properties of the galaxies, we have compared the mid-infrared and far-infrared ISO photometry with IRAS photometry. The systematic differences we find between the IRAS Faint Source Catalog and ISO measurements are directly related to the spatial extent of the ISO fluxes, and we discuss the reliability of IRAS Faint Source Catalog total flux densities and flux ratios for nearby galaxies. In our analysis of the 12 lm morphological features we find that most but not all galaxies have bright nuclear emission. We find 12 lm structures such as rings, spiral arm fragments, knotted spiral arms, and bright sources in the disks that are sometimes brighter than the nuclei at mid-infrared wavelengths. These features, which are presumably associated with extranuclear star formation, are common in the disks of Sb and later galaxies but are relatively unimportant in S0–Sab galaxies.
Optimal Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in MIMO-OFDM Systems (2006)

Recent work has used convex optimization to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of OFDM signals subject to a constraint on the constellation error vector magnitude (EVM). This paper extends the PAR optimization technique to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM systems with channel precoding. In MIMO systems with a large OFDM symbol size, it is infeasible to solve the optimization problem by direct methods such as Cholesky factorization. Instead, we propose an iterative conjugate-gradient (CG) method to find an approximate solution with far lower memory and latency requirements. Simulation results are presented for a MIMO-OFDM system with 4 antennas and 1024 carriers. The PAR can be reduced from 11.5 dB to 4.3 dB for QPSK with -20 dB EVM, and from 11.5 dB to 5.5 dB for 16-QAM with -30 dB EVM. The tradeoff between PAR reduction and computational complexity is also examined to determine the number of CG iterations needed to reach within 1 dB of the globally optimal solution.
Integrated Methodology to Characterize Microbial Populations and Functions across Small Spatial Scales in an Oil Production Facility (2017)

Petroleum reservoir microorganisms directly influence the economics of energy recovery operations through deleterious activities such as souring and biocorrosion. We investigated potential differences in chemistry and microbial populations between stagnant areas and bulk process fluids from three processing modules (low-pressure separator, desalter, and water separator) within an oil-processing facility. Samples were collected before and after the flushing of a sample valve at each site. Microbial community surveys were conducted through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and paired with analyses of fluid chemical composition through chromatographic methods and mass spectrum–based metabolite profiling. The production fluids were high saline brines (1.5–4.0 M [Cl–]) with a pH range of 4.5–6.2, varying both within and between sampling sites. Sulfate (0.1–8.0 mM) and acetate (0.5–9.3 mM) were present in all samples, but nitrate was below detection levels. Marked chemical differences were observed between bulk fluids and stagnant dead-leg fluids at each sampling point. Stagnant dead-leg samples exhibited chemical stratification with a chloride gradient of ~3 M in the desalter module as well as sulfate and acetate gradients in the water separator module. Molecular surveys revealed that the microbial communities were predominantly composed of three taxonomic groups: Halanaerobiales, Campylobacterales, and Desulfovibrionales. An increase in species diversity was found in the stagnant fluids from each dead leg relative to the respective bulk fluid. MPN determinations of heterotrophic fermenting, sulfate-reducing, and thiosulfate-reducing organisms were all greater than 1 × 104 cells mL–1. Targeted mass spectral analysis of the production fluids revealed the presence of catechols, phenols, and dihydrodiols, indicative of aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. Metabolites associated with anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation were not detected. Untargeted metabolomic screening revealed over 1000 identified compounds that mapped primarily to known lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolic pathways. Through the pairing of molecular microbial surveys and advanced metabolite profile analyses, these results suggest a systemic colonization of the facility by anaerobic halophiles, commonly associated with petroleum reservoirs. These organisms were likely cross-fed by organic electron donors produced during the transformation of hydrocarbons by aerobic microorganisms. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance of interrogating the small volumes of stagnated fluids within dead legs for an accurate assessment of the chemical and biological processes occurring within these problematic sites.
<title>Characterization of printer MTF</title> (2006)

We develop a comprehensive procedure for characterizing the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a digital printer. Especially designed test pages consisting of a series of patches, each with a different 1-D sinusoidal modulation, enable measurement of the dependence of the MTF on spatial frequency, bias point, modulation amplitude, spatial direction of modulation, and direction of modulation in the color space. Constant tone patches also yield the extreme and center color values for the input modulation. After calibrating the scanner specifically for the direction of modulation in the color space, we spatially project the scanned test patches in the direction orthogonal to the modulation to obtain a 1-D signal, and then project these sample points onto a line in the CIE L*a*b* color space between the extreme color values to obtain a perceptually relevant measure of the frequency response in a specific color direction. Appropriate normalization of the frequency response followed by compensation for the scanner MTF completes the procedure. For a specific inkjet printer using a dispersed-dot halftoning algorithm, we examine the impact of the above-mentioned parameters on the printer MTF, and obtain results that are consistent with the expected behavior of this combination of print mechanism and halftoning algorithm.
Simplifying Boolean Constraint Solving for Random Simulation-Vector Generation (2004)

Simulation by random vectors is meaningful only if the vectors meet certain requirements on the environment that drives the design under verification. When that environment is modeled by constraints, we face the problem of solving constraints efficiently. We present an efficient algorithm for simplifying conjunctive Boolean constraints defined over state and input variables, and apply it to constrained random simulation vector generation using binary decision diagrams (BDDs). The method works by extracting "hold-constraints" from the system of constraints. Hold-constraints are deterministic and trivially resolvable. They can be used to simplify the original constraints as well as refine the conjunctive partition. Experiments demonstrate significant reductions in the time and space required for constructing the conjunction BDDs, and the time spent in vector generation during simulation.
Disparities in Cesarean Delivery Rates and Associated Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in New York City Hospitals (2009)

III.
Autonomic Computing and Grid (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Autonomic Server Components Approximation with Imperfect Knowledge Grid Computing Concluding Remarks References
Modulation of PC1/3 Activity by Self-Interaction and Substrate Binding (2011)

Prohormone convertase (PC)1/3 is a eukaryotic serine protease in the subtilase family that participates in the proteolytic maturation of prohormone and neuropeptide precursors such as proinsulin and proopiomelanocortin. Despite the important role of this enzyme in peptide synthesis, how PC1/3 activity is regulated is still poorly understood. Using ion exchange chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis we found that natural PC1/3 present in AtT-20 cells and bovine chromaffin granules, as well as recombinant PC1/3 secreted from overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary cells, exists as multiple ionic forms. Gel filtration and cross-linking studies revealed that protein oligomerization and aggregation contribute greatly to variability in surface charge. The most acidic forms of PC1/3 contained both inactive aggregates as well as oligomerized 87-kDa PC1/3 that exhibited stable activity which was partially latent and could be revealed by dilution. No such latency was observed for the more basic, 66/74-kDa forms of PC1/3. Fractions containing these species were stabilized by preincubation with micromolar concentrations of either fluorogenic substrate or peptides containing pairs of basic residues. In addition, the most active form of 87-kDa PC1/3, a probable homodimer, was activated by preincubation with these same peptides. Cleavage by PC1/3 is often the initiating step in the biosynthetic pathway for peptide hormones, implying that this is a natural step for regulation. Our data suggest that enzyme oligomerization and peptide stabilization represent important contributing factors for the control of PC1/3 activity within secretory granules.
Signals With Sparse Mutual Interference for Sounding Massive MIMO Channels (2021)

In this paper, we propose a set of new sounding reference signals (SRSs) for time-division duplexing (TDD) massive MIMO systems with channel aging. It is analytically shown that the proposed set of SRSs exhibit superior zero correlation zone (ZCZ) property, which guarantees sparse and marginal interference between each other. Therefore, all SRSs in the set can be transmitted concurrently in a cell with a short SRS period per user to alleviate the channel aging effect. We also investigate the detailed SRS construction to achieve low peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs). Finally, simulation results are provided to show that the proposed SRSs result in significantly larger downlink throughput than the existing 5G New Radio SRSs.