gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative Multi-document Neural Attention for Multiple Answer Prediction (2016)

People have information needs of varying complexity, which can be solved by an intelligent agent able to answer questions formulated in a proper way, eventually considering user context and preferences. In a scenario in which the user profile can be considered as a question, intelligent agents able to answer questions can be used to find the most relevant answers for a given user. In this work we propose a novel model based on Artificial Neural Networks to answer questions with multiple answers by exploiting multiple facts retrieved from a knowledge base. The model is evaluated on the factoid Question Answering and top-n recommendation tasks of the bAbI Movie Dialog dataset. After assessing the performance of the model on both tasks, we try to define the long-Term goal of a conversational recommender system able to interact using natural language and supporting users in their information seeking processes in a personalized way.
An Analysis of Lightweight Virtualization Technologies for NFV (2016)

Traditionally, NFV platforms were limited to using standard
virtualization technologies (e.g., Xen, KVM, VMWare, Hyper-V, etc.)
running guests based on general-purpose operating systems such as
Windows, Linux or FreeBSD. More recently, a number of light-weight
virtualization technologies including containers, unikernels
(specialized VMs) and minimalistic distributions of general-purpose
OSes have widened the spectrum of possibilities when constructing an
NFV platform. This draft describes the challenges in building such a
platform and discusses to what extent these technologies, as well as
traditional VMs, are able to address them.
A Simulation Study of the Impact of LP EGR on a Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine (2009)

Current engine development projects have to face crucial challenges: raw pollutant emission reduction while maintaining or even reducing the engine fuel consumption. To solve this issue, several technologies have been studied and some can offer part of the solution. Among these technologies, turbochargers provide one of the best trade off. Different turbocharging technologies can be used as well as different air path layouts, but one particularly promising technology relies in the Two-Stage series turbocharging. Coupled to turbocharging devices, and despite the recent development in NO after-treatment systems, EGR remains a cost-effective solution to respect current and future emissions standards. Thanks to the widespread use of Diesel Particulate Filters, High Pressure EGR is no longer the only efficient solution to provide exhaust gas to the cylinders, in so far as one of the main drawbacks of Low Pressure EGR – compressor and air intake cooler reliability – is reduced. In this context, it is difficult to assess intuitively the impact of the different possible air system configurations on the engine performance, and the consequences on the associated control strategies. It is therefore necessary to use advanced tools, such as simulation in general and engine system simulation in particular. In this paper, we present the way engine system simulation can help in the understanding of technological issues as well as control issues. The approach is illustrated by the study of the impact of Low Pressure EGR in the specific case of a Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine. Indeed, the impact on the air path layout and on the engine performances are presented, and comparisons between simulation results of the same engine with a High Pressure or a Low Pressure EGR circuit are analyzed. In parallel, some specificities of the control strategy of a Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel engine are discussed. The impact of a LP EGR circuit on the control laws is analyzed and a solution to adapt the strategies is finally proposed.
Enhancing physicality in touch interaction with programmable friction (2011)

Touch interactions have refreshed some of the 'glowing enthusiasm' of thirty years ago for direct manipulation interfaces. However, today's touch technologies, whose interactions are supported by graphics, sounds or crude clicks, have a tactile sameness and gaps in usability. We use a Large Area Tactile Pattern Display (LATPaD) to examine design possibilities and outcomes when touch interactions are enhanced with variable surface friction. In a series of four studies, we first confirm that variable friction gives significant performance advantages in low-level targeting activities. We then explore the design space of variable friction interface controls and assess user reactions. Most importantly, we demonstrate that variable friction can have a positive impact on the enjoyment, engagement and sense of realism experienced by users of touch interfaces.
Prostate gland volume estimation: anteroposterior diameters measured on axial versus sagittal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance images (2022)

Volumeax and volumesag showed excellent inter-method agreement and excellent agreement with the gold standard on both US and MRI. However, prostate volume was overestimated on MRI and underestimated on US.
A vector set partitioning noisy channel image coder with unequal error protection (2000)

A vector enhancement of Said and Pearlman's set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) methodology, named VSPIHT, has been proposed for embedded wavelet image compression. A major advantage of vector-based embedded coding with fixed length VQs over scalar embedded coding is its superior robustness to noise. We show that vector set partitioning can effectively alter the balance of bits in the bit steam so that significantly fewer critical bits carrying significant information are transmitted, thereby improving inherent noise resilience. For low noise channels, the critical bits are protected, while the degradation in reconstruction quality caused by errors in noncritical quantization information, can be reduced by appropriate VQ indexing, or designing channel optimized VQs for the successive refinement systems. For very noisy channels, unequal error protection to the critical and noncritical bits with either block codes or convolution codes are used. Additionally, the error protection for the critical bits is changed from pass to pass. A buffering mechanism is used to produce an unequally protected bit stream without sacrificing the embedding property. Extensive simulation results are presented for noisy channels, including bursty channels.
Reorganization of somatosensory area 3b representations in adult owl monkeys after digital syndactyly (1991)

1. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that temporally correlated afferent input activity plays a lifelong role in the establishment and modification of receptive fields (RFs) and representational topographies in the primary somatosensory cortex of adult monkeys. They were based in part on the finding that adjacent digits of the hand are represented discontinuously in area 3b of the adult owl monkey. If cortical receptive fields and the details of cortical topographic representations are shaped by the weights of the temporal correlations among afferent inputs, then representational discontinuities between digits would be expected to arise because inputs from the skin surfaces of adjacent digits are largely independent in the critical time domain. 2. In the present experiments, the skin of adjacent digits 3 and 4 of the monkey hand was surgically connected to create an artificial syndactyly, or webbed-finger condition. Highly detailed microelectrode maps of the cortical representation of the syndactyl digits were obtained 3-7.5 mo later. This experimental manipulation greatly increased the amount of simultaneous or nearly simultaneous input from the normally separated, now fused, surfaces of adjacent fingers. 3. Cortical maps of the representations of finger surfaces were highly modified from the normal after a several-month-long period of digital fusion. Specifically, the normal discontinuity between the cortical representations of adjacent fingers was abolished. Within a wide cortical zone, RFs were defined that extended across the line of syndactyly onto the surgically joined skin of both fused digits. The representational topography of the fused digits was similar to any normal single digit and was characterized by a continuous progression of partially overlapping RFs. 4. Control observations revealed that these reorganizational changes cannot be accounted for by any changes in cutaneous innervation induced by the surgery. They must arise from representational changes in the central somatosensory system. 5. These findings reveal that cortical maps can be altered in detail in adult monkeys by modifying the distributed temporal structure of afferent inputs. They support the longstanding hypothesis that the temporal coincidence of inputs plays a role in the grouping of input subsets into specific cortical RFs and, consequently, in the shaping of selected effective cortical inputs and representational topographies throughout life.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction to Carbohydrates (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TP53mutations, tetraploidy and homologous recombination repair defects in early stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (2015)

To determine early somatic changes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), we performed whole genome sequencing on a rare collection of 16 low stage HGSOCs. The majority showed extensive structural alterations (one had an ultramutated profile), exhibited high levels of p53 immunoreactivity, and harboured a TP53 mutation, deletion or inactivation. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were observed in two tumors, with nine showing evidence of a homologous recombination (HR) defect. Combined Analysis with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated that low and late stage HGSOCs have similar mutation and copy number profiles. We also found evidence that deleterious TP53 mutations are the earliest events, followed by deletions or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomes carrying TP53, BRCA1 or BRCA2. Inactivation of HR appears to be an early event, as 62.5% of tumours showed a LOH pattern suggestive of HR defects. Three tumours with the highest ploidy had little genome-wide LOH, yet one of these had a homozygous somatic frame-shift BRCA2 mutation, suggesting that some carcinomas begin as tetraploid then descend into diploidy accompanied by genome-wide LOH. Lastly, we found evidence that structural variants (SV) cluster in HGSOC, but are absent in one ultramutated tumor, providing insights into the pathogenesis of low stage HGSOC.
Evaluation of a novel CT image reconstruction algorithm with enhanced temporal resolution (2011)

We present an evaluation of a novel algorithm that is designed to enhance temporal resolution in CT beyond the short-scan limit by making use of a histogram constraint. A minimum scan angle of 180&deg; plus fan angle is needed to acquire complete data for reconstructing an image. Conventionally, this means that a temporal resolution of half the gantry rotation time is achievable in the isocenter and that an enhancement of temporal resolution can only be accomplished by a faster gantry rotation or by using a dual-source system. In this work we pursue a different approach, namely employing an iterative algorithm to reconstruct images from less than 180&deg; of projections and using a histogram constraint to prevent the occurrence of limited-angle artifacts. The method is fundamentally different from previously published approaches using prior images and TV minimization. Furthermore, motion detection is used to enhance dose usage in those parts of the image where temporal resolution is not critical. We evaluate the technique with patient and phantom scans as well as using simulated data. The proposed method yields good results and image quality, both with simulated and with clinical data. Our evaluations show that an enhancement of temporal resolution to a value equivalent to about 120&deg; of projections is viable, which corresponds to an enhancement of temporal resolution by about 30%. Furthermore, by employing motion detection, a substantial noise reduction can be achieved in those parts of the image where no motion occurs.
Experimental comparison of internet haptic collaboration with time-delay compensation techniques (2008)

In this paper we analyzed the performance of a peer-to-peer haptic collaboration system with two users jointly manipulating an object with mass and damping properties. We used objective measures to compare tuned PD, wave variables and time domain passivity controllers subject to real time delays from the Internet through similar experimental parameters. We set up a packet reflector network at our collaborators' servers in order to able to perform the experiment with subjects located in the same laboratory. Subjects were blinded to which controller was used and received them in a randomized sequence. UDP data packets were used for haptic data communication and the packet transmission rate was maintained at 1000 Hz. Our experimental results show that the tuned PD controller gave the best performance in terms of position error and wave variables in terms of force.
Robust time delay estimation exploiting spatial correlation (2004)

To find the position of an acoustic source in a room, a set of relative delays among different microphone pairs has to be determined. The generalized cross-correlation method is the most popular to do so and is well explained in a landmark paper (Knapp and Carter (1996)). In this paper, we show how we can take advantage of the redundancy when more than two microphones are available. It is believed that the redundancy will help to better cope with noise and reverberation. The idea of cross-correlation coefficient between two signals is generalized to the multichannel case by using the notion of spatial prediction. The multichannel spatial correlation matrix is then deduced and it is shown how it can be used for time delay estimation.
Automation of Bird Front Half Deboning Procedure: Design and Analysis (2007)

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Novel Death Defying Domain in Met Entraps the Active Site of Caspase-3 and Blocks Apoptosis in Hepatocytes (2013)

Met can directly inhibit caspase-3 by way of a novel mechanism and promote hepatocyte survival. The results presented here will further our understanding of the mechanisms that control not only normal tissue homeostasis but also abnormal tissue growth such as cancer and degenerative diseases in which apoptotic caspases are at play.
How Many CPU Cores is an FPGA Worth? Lessons Learned from Accelerating String Sorting on a CPU-FPGA System (2021)

Abstract String sorting is a fundamental kernel of string matching and database index construction; yet, it has not been studied as extensively as fixed-length keys sorting. Because processing variable-length keys in hardware is challenging, it is no surprise that no hardware-accelerated string sorters have been proposed yet. In this paper, we present Parallel Hybrid Super Scalar String Sample Sort (pHS 5 ) on Intel HARPv2, a heterogeneous CPU-FPGA system with a server-grade CPU. Our pHS 5 extends pS 5 , the state-of-the-art string sorting algorithm for multi-core shared memory CPUs, by adding multiple processing elements (PEs) on the FPGA. Each PE accelerates one instance of the most effectively parallelizable among the dominant kernels of pS 5 by up to 33% compared to a single Intel Xeon Broadwell core despite a clock frequency that is 17 times slower. Furthermore, we extended the job scheduling mechanism of pS 5 to schedule the accelerable kernel not only among available CPU cores but also on our PEs, while retaining the complex high-level control flow and the sorting of the smaller data sets on the CPU. Overall, we accelerate the entire algorithm by up to 10% with respect to the 28-thread software baseline running on the Xeon processor and by up to 36% at lower thread counts. Finally, we generalize our results assuming pS 5 as representative of software that is heavily optimized for modern multi-core CPUs and investigate the performance and energy advantage that an FPGA in a datacenter setting can offer to regular RTL users compared to additional CPU cores.
Preventive effect of biodegradable stents on biliary stricture and fibrosis after biliary anastomosis in a porcine model (2022)

Our study showed that novel BS maintained their original shape and radial force for an adequate time and then disappeared without adverse events. The BS could prevent postoperative complications and strictures after DD biliary anastomosis.
jpHMM at GOBICS: a web server to detect genomic recombinations in HIV-1 (2006)

Detecting recombinations in the genome sequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is crucial for epidemiological studies and for vaccine development. Herein, we present a web server for subtyping and localization of phylogenetic breakpoints in HIV-1. Our software is based on a jumping profile Hidden Markov Model (jpHMM), a probabilistic generalization of the jumping-alignment approach proposed by Spang et al. The input data for our server is a partial or complete genome sequence from HIV-1; our tool assigns regions of the input sequence to known subtypes of HIV-1 and predicts phylogenetic breakpoints. jpHMM is available online at http://jphmm.gobics.de/.
CB 1 R and iNOS are distinct players promoting pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (2021)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetic disorder which, in its most common and severe form, HPS-1, leads to fatal adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis (PF) with no effective treatment. We evaluated the role of the endocannabinoid/CB<sub>1</sub> R system and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) for dual-target therapeutic strategy using human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung samples from patients with HPS and controls, HPS-PF patient-derived lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced PF in pale ear mice (HPS1<sup>ep/ep</sup> ). We found overexpression of CB<sub>1</sub> R and iNOS in fibrotic lungs of HPSPF patients and bleomycin-infused pale ear mice. The endocannabinoid anandamide was elevated in BALF and negatively correlated with pulmonary function parameters in HPSPF patients and pale ear mice with bleomycin-induced PF. Simultaneous targeting of CB<sub>1</sub> R and iNOS by MRI-1867 yielded greater antifibrotic efficacy than inhibiting either target alone by attenuating critical pathologic pathways. Moreover, MRI-1867 treatment abrogated bleomycin-induced increases in lung levels of the profibrotic interleukin-11 via iNOS inhibition and reversed mitochondrial dysfunction via CB<sub>1</sub> R inhibition. Dual inhibition of CB<sub>1</sub> R and iNOS is an effective antifibrotic strategy for HPSPF.
Review of ultrafast fiber oscillators based on Mamyshev and dissipative soliton resonance mechanisms (2022)

This work presents a comparative review of two classes of advanced, ultrafast, fiber lasers: dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) oscillators and Mamyshev oscillators. These two classes have received significant attention in recent years and have arguably the highest potential among new ultrafast fiber oscillators, which motivated this work. Working principles are carefully described, and the mechanisms used to mitigate or exploit nonlinearity are highlighted and discussed. An analysis of existing laser systems based on the two classes is performed, with focus on pulse duration, energy, and peak power. Examples of both classes based on ytterbium-, erbium-, and thulium-doped fibers are presented. It is found that the DSR laser generally achieves higher pulse energies than the Mamyshev oscillator, but the latter results in shorter pulse durations. Finally, it is concluded that Mamyshev oscillators perform better in terms of peak power and stability since they do not rely on suppressing nonlinearity. Suggestions for further improvements are made.
An unbiased approach to defining bona fide cancer neoepitopes that elicit immune-mediated cancer rejection (2020)

Identification of neoepitopes that are effective in cancer therapy is a major challenge in creating cancer vaccines. Here, using an entirely unbiased approach, we queried all possible neoepitopes in a mouse cancer model and asked which of those are effective in mediating tumor rejection and, independently, in eliciting a measurable CD8 response. This analysis uncovered a large trove of effective anticancer neoepitopes that have strikingly different properties from conventional epitopes and suggested an algorithm to predict them. It also revealed that our current methods of prediction discard the overwhelming majority of true anticancer neoepitopes. These results from a single mouse model were validated in another antigenically distinct mouse cancer model and are consistent with data reported in human studies. Structural modeling showed how the MHC I-presented neoepitopes had an altered conformation, higher stability, or increased exposure to T cell receptors as compared with the unmutated counterparts. T cells elicited by the active neoepitopes identified here demonstrated a stem-like early dysfunctional phenotype associated with effective responses against viruses and tumors of transgenic mice. These abundant anticancer neoepitopes, which have not been tested in human studies thus far, can be exploited for generation of personalized human cancer vaccines.
A newly developed cooling system using hydrogenated water (2003)

This paper presents the copper oxidation and flowing out characteristics inside copper pipe line, which is a candidate for future cooling water pipe line, with various species of dissolved gases in cooling water. The result reveals that copper oxidation rate in air saturated ultrapure water is much faster than other conditions, whereas its rate in hydrogenated ultrapure water is not differentiated from that in de-aerated ultrapure water. However, the amount of copper flowed out from the pipe surface is drastically reduced by using hydrogenated ultrapure water. The data indicate that copper in neutral pH solution with the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value of 400 mV such as hydrogenated ultrapure water is perfectly stable for surface oxidation. As a cooling water has many kinds of advantages: it is not necessary to use chemicals as anti-corrosive agents; there is no cooling efficiency degradation by oxidation inside pipe line surface, and a "maintenance-free system" can be realised. A newly developed cooling system using hydrogenated ultrapure water is applicable to other industry facilities as well as semiconductor fabrication with major benefits in terms of the "industrial cost" and "the environmental issues".