gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of digitisation of the humeral epicondyles on quantifying elbow kinematics during cricket bowling (2013)

In the sport of cricket the objective of the "no-ball" law is to allow no performance advantage through elbow extension during ball delivery. However, recently it has been shown that even bowlers with actions that are considered within the law show some elbow extension. The objective of this study was to investigate: [1] the effect of elbow orientation during anatomical landmark digitisation and [2] the choice of upper arm tracking cluster on the measurement of elbow angles during cricket bowling. We compared the mean elbow angles for four different elbow postures; with the joint flexed at approximately 130°, 90°, in full extension and with the elbow flexed with the humerus internally rotated, and two upper arm clusters in two different situations: [1] during a controlled movement of pure flexion-extension and [2] during cricket bowling. The digitised postures of the anatomical landmarks where the elbow was extended and at 90° of flexion were more repeatable than the other two postures. The recommendation of this study when analysing cricket bowling is to digitise the humeral epicondyles with the joint flexed at 90°, or in full extension, and to relate their positions to an upper arm cluster fixed close to the elbow.
Deep grey matter injury in multiple sclerosis: a NAIMS consensus statement (2021)

Although multiple sclerosis has traditionally been considered a white matter disease, extensive research documents the presence and importance of grey matter injury including cortical and deep regions. The deep grey matter exhibits a broad range of pathology and is uniquely suited to study the mechanisms and clinical relevance of tissue injury in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance techniques. Deep grey matter injury has been associated with clinical and cognitive disability. Recently, MRI characterization of deep grey matter properties, such as thalamic volume, have been tested as potential clinical trial end points associated with neurodegenerative aspects of multiple sclerosis. Given this emerging area of interest and its potential clinical trial relevance, the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (NAIMS) Cooperative held a workshop and reached consensus on imaging topics related to deep grey matter. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding deep grey matter injury in multiple sclerosis from an imaging perspective, including insights from histopathology, image acquisition and post-processing for deep grey matter. We discuss the clinical relevance of deep grey matter injury and specific regions of interest within the deep grey matter. We highlight unanswered questions and propose future directions, with the aim of focusing research priorities towards better methods, analysis, and interpretation of results.
Recommendation system with multi-dimensional and parallel-case four-term analogy (2011)

Recommendation systems on the Internet have become more necessary due to enormous amounts of information that keep increasing. Existing recommendation systems, such as Content-Based Filtering (CBF) and Collaborative Filtering (CF), have a trade off: recommended items cannot reflect users' preferences and offer valid unexpected elements at the same time. Our goal is to resolve this trade-off problem. We propose a recommendation system that uses four-term analogy, which is a way of thinking. We prove the proposed system's effectiveness by comparing it with existing systems.
Male Reproductive Toxic effect of Quassia amara: Observations on mouse Sperm (2006)

Quassia amara is a medicinal plant with several pharmacological properties. More recently, it has come to be known in the context of its potential biopesticidal application and the antimalarial property in two of its secondary metabolites, quassin and neo-quassin. There are also preliminary reports implicating this plant in male reproductive toxic effects, to the extent that the plant could as well be tested for male contraceptive efficacy. Therfore, we subjected the methanolic extract of the bark of this tree for male reproductive toxicological evaluation. This paper reports several derangements in the Cauda epididymidal sperm including a hither - to unreported one.
Optical absorption and Hall effect in (220) and (400) oriented polycrystalline silicon films (2000)

Carrier transport properties were investigated for polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si:H:F) films fabricated at 300 °C by 100 MHz plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from gaseous mixture of SiF4 and H2. Analysis of free carrier optical absorption (FCA) revealed that 1 μm thick (400) oriented phosphorus-doped poly-Si:H:F films with a carrier concentration of 5×1019 cm−3 had the average electron mobility in crystalline grains at 40 cm2/V s, while the electron mobility of the (220) oriented phosphorus-doped poly-Si:H:F films was only 12 cm2/V s. These results indicated that (400) oriented poly-Si:H:F films had excellent quality crystalline grains. Analyses of the FCA combined with Hall effect current measurements revealed that the electrical conductivity at grain boundaries of top doped films increased as the underlying film thickness increased from 0 to 280 nm for (400) oriented phosphorus-doped/undoped double layered samples, but grain boundaries still acted as large resistive regions limiting the effective conductivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route to the Preparation of a Series of Strong Photoreducing Agents: fac Tris‐Ortho‐Metalated Complexes of Iridium( III) with Substituted 2‐Phenylpyridines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stereochemical Study of a Lewis Acid-Promoted Reaction of 2-Silyloxypyrrole with Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes (1999)

Abstract In the presence of BF3·OEt2, the reaction of 1-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-t-butyldimethylsiloxypyrrole with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in ether occurred stereoselectively to give the corresponding erythro and threo isomers, respectively, while a similar reaction in the presence of SnCl4showed completely opposite selectivity. The transition states leading to the major isomers are discussed.
Methodology for Long-Term Wear Testing of Total Knee Replacements (2000)

This article begins to address the validation requirements of wear testing on total knee replacements in a knee simulator. The knee simulator has four stations. The axial force is variable but reaches a maximum of 2.3 kN. Physiologic anteroposterior shear force and rotational torques are supplied to the knee. The forces and displacements are timed to coincide with those of a typical gait cycle. Kinematics of the simulator are dependent on the type of knee being tested. Tests of designs with well known clinical histories were done to 10 million cycles. The relative amounts and types of wear shown by the designs were similar to that found in their clinical histories. Wear tracks on more conforming designs were larger, and the penetration into the plastic appeared to be less. This did not necessarily mean that wear, as measured by loss of material, was reduced on conforming designs. Delamination of the plastic was achieved only after aging the tibial components. Wear particles isolated from the lubricating fluid were similar in size and shape to those isolated from in vivo specimens. However, the relative amounts of wear particle shapes were different depending on the design. At the start of the tests, all of the flexibly mounted tibial components showed more motion than after 5 million cycles, indicating that the surface of the plastic became more conforming. This study showed that knee wear similar to wear observed in vivo can be reproduced in the laboratory. The parameters and methods elucidated in this introductory study should form the basis for use in preclinical wear tests of total knee replacements.
Protocol Coding through Reordering of User Resources, Part II: Practical Coding Strategies (2012)

We use the term protocol coding to denote the communication strategies in which information is encoded through the actions taken by a certain communication protocol. In this work we investigate strategies for protocol coding via combinatorial ordering of the labelled user resources (packets, channels) in an existing, primary system. This introduces a new, secondary communication channel in the existing system, which has been considered in the prior work exclusively in a steganographic context. Instead, we focus on the use of secondary channel for reliable communication with newly introduced secondary devices, that are low-complexity versions of the primary devices, capable only to decode the robustly encoded header information in the primary signals. In Part I of the work we have characterized the capacity of the secondary channel through information-theoretic analysis. In this paper we consider practical strategies for protocol coding inspired by the information-theoretic analysis. It turns out that the insights from Part I are instrumental for devising superior design of error-control codes. This is demonstrated by comparing the error performance to the "na"ıve" strategy which is presumably available without carrying out the analysis in Part I. These results are clearly outlining both the conceptual novelty behind the discussed concept of secondary channel as well as its practical applicability.
Cell death and cell protection genes determine the fate of pistils in maize (1999)

The formation of unisexual flowers in maize requires the selective elimination and sexual maturation of floral organs in an initially bisexual floral meristem. Elimination of pistil primordia occurs in the primary and secondary florets of the tassel spikelets, and in the secondary florets of ear spikelets. Ill-fated pistil cells undergo a cell death process associated with nuclear degeneration in a specific spatial-temporal pattern that begins in the subepidermis, eventually aborting the entire organ. The sex determination genes tasselseed1 and tasselseed2 are required for death of pistil cells. tasselseed1 is required for the accumulation of TASSELSEED2 mRNA in pistil cells. All pistil primordia express TASSELSEED2 RNA but functional pistils found in ear spikelets are protected from cell death by the action of the silkless1 gene. silkless1 blocks tasselseed-induced cell death in the pistil primordia of primary ear florets. A model is proposed for the control of pistil fate by the action of the ts1-ts2-sk1 pathway.
Quantifying the Contribution of Dynamic Reactive Power Compensators on System Strength at LCC-HVdc Converter Terminals (2021)

This paper presents improved indices to evaluate the contribution of reactive power compensators at HVdc converter terminals. The presence of such compensators impacts converter performance, such as the maximum available power (MAP) limit, susceptance to commutation failure, fault recovery time and temporary over voltage. Traditionally, the Effective Short Circuit Ratio (ESCR) has been used to indicate system strength. However, this index cannot be directly applied when power-electronics based converters are used to provide the reactive power support. The approach of this paper is to use an improved form of the ‘Apparent increase in Short Circuit Ratio’ (AISCR) index to quantify the impact of the compensator on the HVdc system. This index is evaluated by comparing the performance with the reactive power device with a system without the device, but having the same performance. The paper shows that a single AISCR index cannot quantify all behaviors and suggest modifications to AISCR for each of several HVdc phenomena. In this paper two types of compensators are considered – the Synchronous Compensator and the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM).
Secure fingerprint-based authentication for Lotus Notes® (2001)

Fingerprints have been used to recognize people for several decades. The advent of low cost inkless fingerprint scanners coupled with extra compute power available in client workstations, biometrics in general and fingerprints in particular are being considered for many secure authentication applications. Lotus Notes is a groupware supporting email access and other activities such as calendar management included in it. In this paper, we describe the architecture of a system that integrates both the high security of Notes with conveniences of fingerprints for client authentication. Several design challenges have been addressed that have led to a successful system design and development.
Identification of a single amino acid in GluN1 that is critical for glycine-primed internalization of NMDA receptors (2013)

Thus, we have identified a single amino acid in GluN1 that is critical for priming of NMDA receptors by glycine. Moreover, we have demonstrated the principle that while NMDA receptor gating and priming share a common requirement for glycine binding, the molecular constraints in GluN1 for gating are distinct from those for priming.
Functional Hyposplenism (1987)

In the past 15 years, it has become increasingly evident that diverse conditions may be linked with hyposplenism and that hyposplenic individuals are susceptible to overwhelming infection, particularly by the encapsulated organisms such as pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae. Identification of Howell-Jolly bodies in the peripheral blood smear is the most important clue to the diagnosis. Associated diseases include gastrointestinal disorders, hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune disorders, amyloidosis, neoplasms, circulatory disturbances, and other diseases. Hyposplenic patients should be instructed to report immediately to their physician if they suspect any infection. These patients should receive empiric treatment with antibiotics on an emergency basis at the earliest sign or symptom of infection, and they should also receive prophylactic vaccination against pneumococcal microorganisms.
30 Tb/s Transmission over 6,630 km Using 16QAM Signals at 6.1 bits/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency (2012)

Using DSP and DACs we create 100G PDM 16QAM signals with nearly rectangular spectra at 16.64 GBd symbol rate on 17 GHz spacing achieving a spectral efficiency of 6.1 bits/s/Hz. We transmit 294 of these channels over 6,630 km in 5 THz (40 nm) bandwidth using single stage C-band EDFAs. All channels are decoded with no errors.
Abstract 2665: Zinc dysregulation as an emerging molecular target in epithelial cancers (2019)

Abstract Zinc plays an established role in structure and function of enzymes and transcription factors, and zinc signaling has now been recognized as a molecular determinant of epithelial differentiation and cell fate. Intracellular zinc homeostasis is regulated by zinc importers (ZIPs encoded by the SLC39A gene family). Cumulative evidence suggests that dysruption of zinc homeostasis is an emerging hallmark of various tumor types, characterized by downregulation of ZIP expression upstream of intracellular zinc depletion. In nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) examined in TMA format we have observed downregulation of ZIP2 (involved in epidermal differentiation) that occurs with zinc depletion and impaired differentiation. Likewise, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor tissue, downregulation of ZIP3 and zinc depletion are detectable. We therefore tested feasibility of pharmacological induction of intracellular zinc overload for chemotherapeutic intervention. Using the small molecule ionophore ZnPT (zinc pyrithione) as an experimental chemotherapeutic, rapid induction of zinc overload followed by metal stress response signaling and cell death were observable in a panel of malignant epithelial cell lines (NMSC: SCC-25; HaCaT-ras II-4; PDAC: BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1). Remarkably, PDAC cell lines displayed nanomolar sensitivity to ZnPT-induced cytotoxicity. In BxPC-3 cells, pronounced upregulation of stress response gene expression (MT2A, HSPA6, HMOX1) and signaling (p-p38, p-eIF2α, HO-1) was detectable within one hour of ZnPT exposure. Accumulation of protein-ubiquitin conjugates further substantiated the rapid occurrence of ZnPT-induced proteotoxic stress and UPR, consistent with a role of ZnPT in the inhibition of proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Next, we confirmed NMSC-directed anti-tumor activity of ZnPT in a photocarcinogenesis SKH1 mouse model, followed by exploratory chemotherapeutic intervention targeting BxPC-3 PDAC xenografts. Taken together, our data suggest that ZIP-based dysruption of intracellular zinc homeostasis may be a valid molecular target in specific epithelial cancers. [This research was funded in part by NCI: P30 CA023074 &amp; R03 CA230949.] Citation Format: Jessica Perer, Rebecca Justiniano, Anh Hua, Georg T. Wondrak. Zinc dysregulation as an emerging molecular target in epithelial cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2665.
Regio- and Stereoselective Opening of Phenyloxirane by Lithium Azide: A Direct Access to 2-Azido-1-phenylethanol (1991)

Regio-and stereoselective ring opening of styrene oxide (phenyloxirane) at the non-benzylic position was achieved by lithium azide/hexamethylphosphoric triamide. Optically pure (R)-2-azido-1-phenylethanol was obtained from the readily available (R)-phenyloxirane with complete retention of configuration.
Respiratory Muscle Function, Assessment, and Training (1981)

This article presents a brief overview of respiratory muscle mechanics and the effects of lung disease and neuromuscular disease on pulmonary function. A variety of current specific and general muscle training techniques are described and discussed. Also presented is a current review of training studies and the effects of muscle training on cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, endurance and fatigue, and exercise tolerance.
Standards and Regulations (General and Best Practice Principles) (2017)

The design of playspaces should take into consideration local Standards and guidelines. These are generally not legislated; however, in some jurisdictions there may be legislative requirements in relation to play design. In addition, Standards and guidelines differ between jurisdictions, so a local professional auditor should be consulted.
Dynamic phosphocreatine imaging with unlocalized pH assessment of the human lower leg muscle following exercise at 3T (2017)

The developed technique allows measurement of muscle-specific PCr resynthesis kinetics and pH changes following exercise, with a temporal resolution and accuracy comparable to that of single voxel <sup>31</sup> P-MRS sequences. Magn Reson Med 79:974-980, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A Nonvolatile Memory With Resistively Switching Methyl-Silsesquioxane (2008)

Crossbar structures with integrated methyl-silsesquioxane (MSQ) were fabricated by UV nanoimprint lithography. The sandwiched MSQ film was used for the planarization of the bottom electrodes' interface as well as for the realization of functional resistively switching crosspoint junctions. With our process, future nonvolatile crossbar memories with stacking and, thus, high integration density potential can be realized. Using MSQ as functional material additionally indicates an attractive opportunity because it is highly CMOS compatible. By programming word registers with different bit patterns, we demonstrate the potential of this crossbar architecture for future memory and logic applications.
Investigating Phthalate and 1,3-Diether Coverage and Dynamics on the (104) and (110) Surfaces of MgCl2-Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts (2014)

In this work we present a systematic DFT analysis of the effect of surface coverage on the coordination properties of two industrial Lewis bases, dimethyl phthalate and 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene, to the (104) and (110) surfaces of MgCl2. Further, we investigated several possible migration pathways for the migration of the Lewis bases on the same MgCl2 monolayer. Our study clearly shows that complete coverage of the Mg vacancies on the surface by coordinating dimethyl phthalate or 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene is hampered by steric repulsion between vicinally coordinated donor molecules. Further, our study clearly indicates that both dimethyl phthalate and 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene migration on the same MgCl2 monolayer on the (104) and (110) surfaces basically requires donor dissociation.
Effects of Ethnicity and Sex on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Modulator Ponesimod: A Clinical Study in Japanese and Caucasian Subjects (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of a single dose of ponesimod, an oral and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulator, in Japanese and Caucasian healthy subjects and explore the effects of sex on PK. Subjects received a single 40-mg dose of ponesimod in a single-centre, open-label, parallel-group study design. Ten Japanese and 10 Caucasian healthy subjects (age: 22-45 years, 1:1 sex ratio) participated in the study and were matched for body weight (±10%). Ponesimod concentration in plasma was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and PK parameters were obtained by non-compartmental analysis. Total lymphocyte count served as PD marker. Adverse events (AEs), laboratory values, electrocardiography (12-lead ECG), and vital signs were assessed for safety and tolerability. Administration of ponesimod resulted in similar PK parameters between the two ethnic groups, with a 16% higher exposure [AUC0-∞ of 7,368 ng ∙ h/ml (95% CI: 6,059-8,962) vs. 6,353 ng ∙ h/ml (4,950-8,154)] and a 17% longer terminal elimination half-life [32.9 h (30.1-36.0) vs. 28.1 h (23.4-33.6)] in Japanese compared to Caucasian subjects. Exposure was slightly higher in female subjects [7,488 ng ∙ h/ml (5,983-9,371)] than in male subjects [6,252 ng ∙ h/ml (5,031-7,771)]. The maximum mean lymphocyte count decrease from baseline, observed 6 h after receiving the dose in both groups, was similar in Japanese subjects (61.8%) and Caucasians (62.5%). The maximum mean heart rate (ECG) reduction from baseline was similar, with a difference of 4.2 bpm between Caucasian and Japanese subjects, observed 2.5 h after receiving the dose in both ethnic groups. There were no clinically relevant changes in other safety variables. No serious AEs were reported during the study. This study showed that the PK and PD profile of ponesimod was similar in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. No unexpected safety findings were reported. No dose adjustment is deemed necessary for Japanese subjects compared to Caucasians.
Crack Bridging Model for Fiber Reinforced Concrete Under Uniaxial Fatigue Tension (2001)

Peer Reviewed