gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography using Lucy-Richardson-Rosen Algorithm (2022)

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a super-resolution imaging method which requires at least three camera shots to image an object. In this study, we have demonstrated single-shot FINCH using a recently developed Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm.
Phase unwrapping of fringe images for dynamic 3D measurements without additional pattern projection (2015)

Fringe projection is an established method for contactless measurement of 3D object structure. Adversely, the coding of fringe projection is ambiguous. To determine object points with absolute position in 3D space, this coding has to be unique. We propose a novel approach of phase unwrapping without using additional pattern projection. Based on a stereo camera setup, an image segmentation of each view in areas without height jumps larger than a fringe period is necessary. Within these segments, phase unwrapping is potentially without error. Alignment of phase maps between the two views is realized by an identification process of one correspondence point.
Phase conjugation and time reversal in acoustics (2000)

This paper compares the different approaches used in acoustics to time reverse or to phase conjugate a wavefield. The basic principle of a time reversal mirror is an extension for broadband pulsed waves to the optical phase conjugated mirror designed for monochromatic waves. However, this equivalence is only valid mathematically and there are some fundamental differences between these two techniques that will be described in this paper.
Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Properly Citing Relevant Prior Art (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTGiving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Properly Citing Relevant Prior ArtCraig W. Lindsley*Craig W. Lindsley*Email: [email protected]More by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445, Jacob M. Hooker*Jacob M. Hooker*Email: [email protected]More by Jacob M. Hookerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-7708, and Dennis C. Liotta*Dennis C. Liotta*Email: [email protected]More by Dennis C. Liottahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-7113Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 5, 669Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2021Publication History Published online26 April 2021Published inissue 13 May 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00194https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00194editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2021 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1675Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (560 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Drug discovery,Ligands,Medicinal chemistry,Pharmaceutics Get e-Alerts
Antioxidant Capacity of Polyphenolic Extracts from Leaves of Crataegus laevigata and Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) Subjected to Drought and Cold Stress (2003)

Crataegus laevigata and Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) were subjected to drought and cold stress treatments, and polyphenolic extracts from control and stress-treated plants were assayed for antioxidant capacities using a modified version of the Total Antioxidant Status Assay (Randox, San Francisco, CA). In addition, these plants were analyzed for levels of flavanol-type substance [(-)-epicatechin] and flavonoid (vitexin 2' '-O-rhamnoside, acetylvitexin 2' '-O-rhamnoside, and hyperoside) constituents that are important metabolites in hawthorn herbal preparations used to treat patients with heart disease. Drought and cold stress treatments caused increases in levels of (-)-epicatechin and hyperoside in both Crataegus species. Such treatments also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The results from this study thus indicate that these kinds of stress treatments can enhance the levels of important secondary metabolites and their total antioxidant capacities in leaves of Crataegus.
MRAM concepts for sub-nanosecond precessional switching and sub-20nm cell scaling (2013)

This work reports on advances in MRAM cells aiming at sub-nanosecond switching and for sub-20nm technology nodes. Ultrafast precessional spin-transfer switching in elliptical magnetic tunnel junction nanopillars is possible to obtain in samples integrating a perpendicular polarizer and a tunnel junction with in-plane magnetized electrodes. We show that spin transfer torque (STT) switching in less than 500ps can be achieved in these structures with corresponding write energy less than 100fJ. For high density integration and possibly sub-20nm diameter cells the use of a thermally assisted concept for perpendicular anisotropy cells, where the intrinsic heating is used to simultaneously achieve high thermal stability and low current switching.
Thiazolidinedione Treatment Prevents Free Fatty Acid–Induced Insulin Resistance in Male Wistar Rats (2001)

We sought to ascertain whether pretreatment with troglitazone (20 days) could prevent acute free fatty acid (FFA)-induced insulin resistance in male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into three groups: 1) control, 2) FFA infusion alone (FFA1), and 3) thiazolidinedione (TZD)-treated + FFA infusion (FFA1). Days before a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, all animals were cannulated in the jugular vein (infusion) and carotid artery (sampling). Animals were allowed 5 days to recover from surgery and fasted 12 h before the experiment. Glucose (variable), insulin (40 mU. kg(-1). min(-1)), and Liposyn (heparinized 10% lipid emulsion) infusions were initiated simultaneously and continued from 0-120 min. Steady-state glucose, 8.3 +/- 0.14 mmol/l, and insulin concentrations, 7.3 +/- 2.45 nmol/l, were the same between groups. Interestingly, steady-state FFA levels were significantly lower in animals pretreated with TZD compared with FFA alone (1.83 +/- 0.26 vs. 2.96 +/- 0.25 mmol/l; P = 0.009), despite matched intralipid infusion rates. A second group of TZD-treated animals (TZD + FFA2) were infused with intralipid at a higher infusion rate (44%) to match the arterial concentrations of FFA1. The glucose infusion and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates (GDRs) were significantly decreased (40%) for untreated Liposyn infused (FFA1) compared with control rats. In addition, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity was significantly reduced, 30-50%, in FFA1 rats. TZD pretreatment prevented the FFA-induced decrement in insulin signaling. Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) also was significantly reduced (56%) in untreated FFA1 rats after the clamp but remained identical to control values for TZD-treated rats. In conclusion, acutely elevated FFA levels 1) induced a significant reduction in tracer-determined GDR paralleled by impaired tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and reduced IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity and 2) induced a significant reduction in FAT/CD36 total protein. TZD pretreatment prevented FFA-induced decrements in insulin action and prevented the reduction in FAT/CD36 protein.
High Dose Pharmaceutical Grade Biotin (MD1003) Accelerates Differentiation of Murine and Grafted Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells In Vivo (2022)

Accumulating evidences suggest a strong correlation between metabolic changes and neurodegeneration in CNS demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Biotin, an essential cofactor for five carboxylases, is expressed by oligodendrocytes and involved in fatty acid synthesis and energy production. The metabolic effect of biotin or high-dose-biotin (MD1003) has been reported on rodent oligodendrocytes in vitro, and in neurodegenerative or demyelinating animal models. However, clinical studies, showed mild or no beneficial effect of MD1003 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or MS. Here, we took advantage of a mouse model of myelin deficiency to study the effects of MD1003 on the behavior of murine and grafted human oligodendrocytes in vivo. We show that MD1003 increases the number and the differentiation potential of endogenous murine oligodendroglia over time. Moreover, the levels of MD1003 are increased in the plasma and brain of pups born to treated mothers, indicating that MD1003 can pass through the mother's milk. The histological analysis of the grafted animals shows that MD1003 increased proliferation and accelerates differentiation of human oligodendroglia, but without enhancing their myelination potential. These findings provide important insights into the role of MD1003 on murine and human oligodendrocyte maturation/myelination that may explain the mitigated outcome of ALS/MS clinical trials.
Investigation of the causal etiology in a patient with T-B+NK+ immunodeficiency (2022)

Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has not only accelerated diagnosis and improved treatment for affected infants, but also led to identification of novel genes required for human T cell development. A male proband had SCID newborn screening showing very low T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), a biomarker for thymic output of nascent T cells. He had persistent profound T lymphopenia, but normal numbers of B and natural killer (NK) cells. Despite an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant from his brother, he failed to develop normal T cells. Targeted resequencing excluded known SCID genes; however, whole exome sequencing (WES) of the proband and parents revealed a maternally inherited X-linked missense mutation in <i>MED14 (MED14<sup>V763A</sup>)</i>, a component of the mediator complex. Morpholino (MO)-mediated loss of MED14 function attenuated T cell development in zebrafish. Moreover, this arrest was rescued by ectopic expression of cDNA encoding the wild type human <i>MED14</i> ortholog, but not by <i>MED14<sup>V763A</sup></i> , suggesting that the variant impaired MED14 function. Modeling of the equivalent mutation in mouse (<i>Med14<sup>V769A</sup>)</i> did not disrupt T cell development at baseline. However, repopulation of peripheral T cells upon competitive bone marrow transplantation was compromised, consistent with the incomplete T cell reconstitution experienced by the proband upon transplantation with bone marrow from his healthy male sibling, who was found to have the same <i>MED14<sup>V763A</sup></i> variant. Suspecting that the variable phenotypic expression between the siblings was influenced by further mutation(s), we sought to identify genetic variants present only in the affected proband. Indeed, WES revealed a mutation in the L1 cell adhesion molecule <i>(L1CAM<sup>Q498H</sup>)</i>; however, introducing that mutation <i>in vivo</i> in mice did not disrupt T cell development. Consequently, immunodeficiency in the proband may depend upon additional, unidentified gene variants.
Evaluation of Gd(III)DTPA‐terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as contrast agents for MR imaging (2006)

Different generations of Gd(III)DTPA-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers {G1 [n = 4 Gd(III) ions per molecule], G3 (n = 16) and G5 (n = 64)} and reference Gd(III)DTPA complex [G0 (n = 1)] were characterized in terms of (i) longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivities in mouse blood plasma, (ii) concentration detection limits in vitro and (iii) in vivo contrast-enhanced MR imaging (CE-MRI) in mice at 1.5 T. Serial and dynamic CE-MRI were performed to monitor the distribution of MRI contrast agent in the heart, arteries, renal system, liver, spleen, bladder and tumor periphery. The relaxivities increased non-linearly with molecular weight (for G0 ionic r1 = 8.1 mM(-1) s(-1) and ionic r2 = 8.6 mM(-1) s(-1) to G5 19.3 and 25.0, respectively). The minimal detectable dendrimer concentration was more than two orders of magnitude lower for G5 (8.1 x 10(-8) M) than for G0 (3.1 x 10(-5) M). Sub-millimeter-sized blood vessels were well visualized with serial CE-MRI with each contrast agent. Dynamic CE-MRI showed timely renal clearance for all contrast agents, but a stronger and a prolonged blood signal enhancement for the higher generations of the dendritic contrast agent. Moreover, G0 and G1 showed a rapid tumor wash-in and wash-out, whereas G3 and G5 displayed a more gradual and prolonged tumor wash-in. In conclusion, both G0 and dendritic contrast agents G1, G3 and G5 are well suited for non-tissue-specific MRI of sub-millimeter-sized blood vessels and evaluating tumor microcirculatory characteristics in mice. Higher generations of dendritic contrast agents display lower concentration detection limits, which suggests their future use for molecular imaging.
Macrocycles from Perhalogenated Heterocycles (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Olympic Ring Formation from Newly Prepared Barium Hexaferrite Nanoparticle Suspension. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of short‐term treatment with sitagliptin or glibenclamide on daily glucose fluctuation in drug‐naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2018)

This study suggests that the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin has a greater ability to reduce daily glucose fluctuation than the SU glibenclamide in drug-naïve Japanese patients with T2DM. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02318693.
Compressed sensing denoising for segmentation of localization microscopy data (2016)

Localization microscopy (LM) allows to acquire pointillistic superresolution images of biological structures on the nanoscale. However, current structure reconstruction and segmentation approaches suffer from either exclusion of small structures or strong dependence on a-priori knowledge. We propose reconstruction methods based on compressed sensing (CS) denoising in combination with the isodata threshold for segmentation. The methods are verified on artificial test data. For the denoising, a Haar dictionary and a KSVD dictionary learning on artificial data are used. Both methods perform significantly better than the reference algorithm, a linear density filter, in terms of root-mean-square deviation from the ground truth. Furthermore, exemplary results on real LM data of irradiated cell nuclei with Heterochromatin labeling make small structures visible that are suppressed by the reference method. CS denoising demonstrates promising results for reconstruction of LM data.
Effect additive of some pesticides on three wheat variety and associated weeds under irrigation land in Diyala (2011)

The experiment was carried out at private farm_ Baladrooz Diyala city in winter season of 2005_2006 to study the effect of some pesticides:Topik As100 600 ml.ha-1, Lintur WG 120 g . ha-1, on growth and yield of three wheat variety : IPA 95 , IPA 99 and TMOZ 2 and for its weed control , and the effect of growth regulator Amistar fungicides 1000 ml .ha-1 on wheat yield production and its combination with herbcides. The experiment was conducted in randomize complete block design R.C.B.D as a factorial experiment two factor with three replicates . Result showed that IPA 99 gave greater plant height was 84.5 cm , while not significantly different from IPA 95 and TMOZ 2 in number tillers , number of seed per spike, 1000 seeds weigh and plant seed yield , Also result indicated that Lintur + Topik +Amistar gave greater effection growth and yield than other treatments , While not significant different with Litur +Topik in killer weed after 50 day of applied hericides and before 21 day to harvest was 90 , TMOZ 2 gave dcrease effect in killer weed was 34.25 and no significant with IPA 99 before 21 day to harvest , Amistar was more efficiency increased yield with all wheat varieties when applied to Litur + Topik , but not significant effect when use alone as compare with control treatment .
A new high‐performance blue to transmissive electrochromic material and use of silver nanowire network electrodes as substrates Part A Polymer chemistry (2017)

Synthesis of a novel, high‐performance blue to transmissive switching electrochromic material is described. The polymer (P1) was prepared by both electrochemical (P1E) and chemical (P1C) means from the corresponding monomer. The electrochemically synthesized polymer (P1E) revealed 64% optical contrast change (on ITO) in the visible region and very fast switching times of 0.32 s (coloration) and 0.90 s (bleaching). On the other hand, the chemically synthesized, solution processable polymer (P1C) also showed a high optical contrast value (49%, on ITO) with very fast switching times of 0.86 s for coloration and 0.57 s for bleaching. These high optical contrast values coupled with fast switching times place these materials along with high‐performance blue to transmissive electrochromic polymers. Significantly, these improved characteristics were achieved by side chain engineering of a known, inferior blue to transmissive polymer, PBEBT. Towards fabrication of flexible electrochromic devices, the performance of P1C was also tested on silver nanowire network electrodes. Even though the full potential of the material could not be demonstrated, a good optical contrast of 24% was achieved using these electrodes. Under the same potential range allowed by silver nanowire network electrodes, P1C on ITO showed an optical contrast of 30%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1680–1686
Tunable and rotatable polarization controller using photonic crystal fiber filled with liquid crystal (2010)

We design and fabricate a compact tunable and rotatable polarization controller using liquid crystal photonic band gap fibers. The electrically and thermally induced phase shift in the Poincaré sphere and corresponding birefringence change are measured. The direction of the electric field is managed by connecting four electrodes in different electrode configurations, and the thermal tunability is controlled by on-chip heaters. According to the results, a quarter-wave plate and a half-wave plate working in the wavelength range of 1520–1600 nm are experimentally demonstrated.
Profiling Software for Energy Consumption (2012)

The amount of energy consumed by computer systems can be lowered through the use of more efficient algorithms and software. Unfortunately, software developers lack the tools to pinpoint energy-hungry sections in their code and therefore have to rely on their intuition when trying to optimize their code for energy consumption. We have developed eprof, a profiler that relates energy consumption to code locations, it attributes both the synchronously consumed energy in the CPU and the asynchronously consumed energy in peripheral devices like hard drives, network cards, etc. Eprof requires minimal changes to the kernel (tens of lines of code) and does not require special hardware to energy-profile software. Therefore eprof can be widely used to help developers make energy-aware decisions.
Bench-scale Processing of Red-colored Extracts from Sunflower Hulls (1994)

Extracts were prepared from the hulls of purple-hulled sunflower, then processed using clarification, evaporation, and spray drying. Addition of citric acid to solvent or raw extract substantially reduced pigment yield, probably by precipitation, but the loss was diminished if citric acid addition was delayed until after evaporation or spray drying. The highest overall yield, 1.5 to 1.7 mg spray-dried pigment per gram of dry hulls, was achieved without addition of citric acid. Pigment loss was observed at each step, and in the case of evaporation, appeared to result mainly from pigment degradation. Although increased browning was observed at each step, reconstituted spray-dried extracts still had an attractive red color.
CRISPR technology: A decade of genome editing is only the beginning (2023)

The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) genome editing, coupled with advances in computing and imaging capabilities, has initiated a new era in which genetic diseases and individual disease susceptibilities are both predictable and actionable. Likewise, genes responsible for plant traits can be identified and altered quickly, transforming the pace of agricultural research and plant breeding. In this Review, we discuss the current state of CRISPR-mediated genetic manipulation in human cells, animals, and plants along with relevant successes and challenges and present a roadmap for the future of this technology.
In vivo fMRI demonstration of hypothalamic function following intraperitoneal glucose administration in a rat model (2000)

The hypothalamic functional MRI (fMRI) response in an animal model was studied following energy intake. Six fasted (12 h) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of glucose (0.72 grams/kg body weight), while a mid-sagittal slice through the hypothalamus was continuously imaged for 60 min using a conventional T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequence. All rats demonstrated a significant acute transient decrease in the fMRI signal intensity (mean: 3.4%) in the hypothalamic region within 12-16 min after intraperitoneal glucose injection. The SD rat may be a suitable model for future fMRI studies of the hypothalamus involving the administration of exogenous nutrients and medications.