gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions (2021)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the United States. Early detection and surgical removal of high-risk lesions in the colon can prevent disease from developing and spreading. Despite implementation of programs aimed at early detection, screening colonoscopies fail to detect a fraction of potentially aggressive colorectal lesions because of their location or nonobvious morphology. Optical colonoscopies, while highly effective, rely on direct visualization to detect changes on the surface mucosa that are consistent with dysplasia. Recent advances in endoscopy techniques and molecular imaging permit microscale visualization of the colonic mucosa. These technologies can be combined with various molecular probes that recognize and target heterogenous lesion surfaces to achieve early, real-time, and potentially non-invasive, detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The primary goal of this review is to contextualize existing and emergent CRC surface biomarkers and assess each's potential as a candidate marker for early marker-based detection of CRC lesions. CRC markers that we include were stratified by the level of support gleaned from peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, and databases of both CRC and other cancers. The selected biomarkers, accessible on the cell surface and preferably on the luminal surface of the colon tissue, are organized into three categories: (1) established biomarkers (those with considerable data and high confidence), (2) emerging biomarkers (those with increasing research interest but with less supporting data), and (3) novel candidates (those with very recent data, and/or supportive evidence from other tissue systems). We also present an overview of recent advances in imaging techniques useful for visual detection of surface biomarkers, and discuss the ease with which these methods can be combined with microscopic visualization.
Ionic liquid solvents of perhalide type for metals for extraction radioactive metals from mineral ores. (2010)

The invention relates to a process for dissolving metals (e.g., Al, Cu, Fe, Cr, Sb, Ti, and W) in perhalide contg. ionic liqs. having the formula (I), and to the extn. of metals from mineral ores; the remediation of materials contaminated with heavy, toxic, or radioactive metals; and to the removal of heavy and toxic metals from hydrocarbon streams. In the formula (I), [X] comprises at least one perhalide anion selected from [I3]-, [BrI2]-, [Br2I]-, [ClI2]-, [ClBr2]-, [BrCl2]-, or [ICl2]-, [ClI3]-. The (Cat+) is a cationic species selected from: ammonium, azaannulenium, azathiazolium, benzimidazolium, benzofuranium, benzotriazolium, borolium, cinnolinium, diazabicyclodecenium, diazabicyclononenium, diazabicyclo- undecenium, dithiazolium, furanium, guanidinium, imidazolium, indazolium, indolinium, indolium, morpholinium, oxaborolium, oxaphospholium, oxazinium, oxazolium, iso-oxazolium, oxathiazolium, pentazolium, phospholium, phosphonium, phthalazinium, piperazinium, piperidinium, pyranium, pyrazinium, pyrazolium, pyridazinium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium, pyrrolidinium, pyrrolium, quinazolinium, quinolinium, isoquinolinium, quinoxalinium, selenozolium, sulfonium, tetrazolium, iso-thiadiazolium, thiazinium, thiazolium, thiophenium, thiuronium, triazadecenium, triazinium, triazolium, iso-triazolium, and uronium. [on SciFinder(R)]
Next generation 600V CSTBT&#x2122; with an advanced fine pattern and a thin wafer process technologies (2012)

In this paper, we present the characteristics of a fabricated 600V CSTBT™ as the next generation IGBT. The techniques applied this novel device include about half-size shrinkage of the transistor unit cell with a fine pattern process and an LPT (Light Punch Through) structure utilizing an advanced thin wafer process technology. As a result, these techniques brought a significant reduction of the Vce(sat) and the Eoff. The Vce(sat)-Eoff trade-off relationship of the proposed CSTBT has been improved by approximately 20% compared to the conventional one possessing wide SOA (Safe Operating Area) enough to device applications.
miR‐627/HMGB1/NF‐κB regulatory loop modulates TGF‐β1‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (2018)

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibroproliferative disease that can eventually lead to fatal lung failure. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts, dysregulated fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblast, and disorganized collagen and extracellular matrix production, deposition and degradation. There is still a lack of effective treatment strategies for PF. Extracellular high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) induces PF through NF-κB-mediated TGF-β1 release. Herein, we first validate the suppressive effect of HMGB1 knockdown on TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I protein expression. In PF, miRNAs exert different effects through targeting various downstream target messenger RNAs. We searched an online database for dysregulated miRNAs in PF tissues; among them, miR-627 was predicted by online tools to target HMGB1 to inhibit its expression. miR-627 overexpression could partially reverse TGF-β1-induced normal human lung fibroblast proliferation, as well as α-SMA and collagen I protein expression. miR-627 inhibition could partially reverse the suppressive effect of HMGB1 knockdown on TGF-β1-induced α-SMA and collagen I protein expression through direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region of HMGB1. Moreover, miR-627/HMGB1 affected TGF-β1 release through RAGE/NF-κB signaling; miR-627/HMGB1 and RAGE/NF-κB signaling formed a regulatory loop to modulate TGF-β1-induced PF in vitro. In conclusion, miR-627 may be a potential agent that targets HMGB1 to inhibit its expression, thereby improving TGF-β1-induced PF in vitro.
Introduction to the Issue on Recent Advances in Video Processing for Consumer Displays (2011)

The 12 papers in this special issue on recent advances in video processing for consumer displays fall into four areas: image enhancement and spatial resolution; video rate conversion; video deinterlacing and compression; and human vision and depth maps.
Effects of propagation in air on photon statistics (2003)

Calculations of photon counting distributions and fade probabilities are compared with measured data obtained using very weak laser pulses propagated over 10-km horizontal paths. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment using various simplifying assumptions and values of the refractive-index structure constant C{sup 2}{sub n} lying within an expected range.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the chemical interaction between BN and Ti/TiN (1997)

Many nitrides, particularly BN and TiN, have stimulated commercial interest because of their extreme hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and thermal and electrical properties. All of these features are enhanced by the resulting structures and the large degree of covalency exhibited by the metal–nitride bonds. Coatings of select nitrides with films of related materials may particularly influence these properties in critical surface and interface regions. Materials of interest include the deposition by plasma vapor deposition of Ti and TiN on BN substrates. Some of these systems were then subjected to varying degrees of physical and thermal alteration. Resulting structural and morphological features have been investigated with electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Critical importance is also attributed to the chemical behavior of species deposited and grown at the resulting interfaces. Detailed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has, therefore, been rendered of these interfaces using cross-sectional display and sputter etching. Movement of nitridation and interference from oxidation and carbide formation are of particular concern.
Measurements and Analysis of Substrate Noise Coupling in TSV-Based 3-D Integrated Circuits (2014)

Silicon substrates can be strategically isolated or unified among tiers in a through-silicon-via (TSV)-based 3-D integrated circuit (IC) structure, for the suppression of intertier substrate noise coupling or the reduction of grounding impedance of silicon substrates as a whole, respectively. A two-tier 3-D IC demonstrator in a 130-nm CMOS technology was successfully tested and analyzed with respect to intra and intertier substrate noise coupling. Each tier in the stack includes digital noise source circuits (NSs) and substrate noise monitors, and embodies in-place measurements of substrate noise coupling. An equivalent circuit unifies power and substrate networks of the tiers and simulates the frequency-domain response of substrate noise coupling. Measurements and calculation with the equivalent circuit are consistent for frequency dependency of substrate noise coupling in a 3-D IC demonstrator. Intratier propagation is dominant, while intertier coupling is insignificant for low-frequency substrate noise components. Intertier coupling becomes comparable with and finally overwhelms intratier coupling as the frequency of substrate noise components increases. Substrate noise coupling in a multitier chip stack is strongly impacted by the parasitic capacitance of TSVs, while that coupling becomes predictable with the equivalent circuit of the entire stack.
Rapid-flow resonance Raman spectroscopy of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. (1991)

Rapid-flow resonance Raman vibrational spectra of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers from the R-26 mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been obtained by using excitation wavelengths (810-910 nm) resonant with the lowest energy, photochemically active electronic absorption. The technique of shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy is used to identify genuine Raman scattering bands in the presence of a large fluorescence background. The comparison of spectra obtained from untreated reaction centers and from reaction centers treated with the oxidant K3Fe(CN)6 demonstrates that resonance enhancement is obtained from the special pair. Relatively strong Raman scattering is observed for special pair vibrations with frequencies of 36, 94, 127, 202, 730, and 898 cm-1; other modes are observed at 71, 337, and 685 cm-1. Qualitative Raman excitation profiles are reported for some of the strong modes, and resonance enhancement is observed to occur throughout the near-IR absorption band of the special pair. These Raman data determine which vibrations are coupled to the optical absorption in the special pair and, thus, probe the nuclear motion that occurs after electronic excitation. Implications for the interpretation of previous hole-burning experiments and for the excited-state dynamics and photochemistry of reaction centers are discussed.
Some characteristics of optimal vehicle suspensions based on quarter-car models (1990)

This study addresses the main characteristics of optimal active automobile suspension based on two degree-of-freedom quarter-car vehicle models and associated global performance maps. In addition, the authors put into perspective the optimal active suspension performance through comparison with passive counterparts. It is shown that, in general, stiffer active suspension with more damped wheel-hop mode will result for very rough roads and/or high speeds. Moreover, the same suspension control gains could result from different roads and/or speeds, depending on, for example, road curvature. The passive counterparts, on the other hand, cannot in general, reproduce the same level of performance. Even where the active and passive RMS performances are similar, the active suspension results in faster and much better damped sprung mass modes, substantially reducing sprung mass motion induced by various cornering and acceleration/braking maneuvers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Altered levels of amyloid protein precursor transcripts in the basal forebrain of behaviorally impaired aged rats. (1990)

The beta/A4 protein is a constituent of plaque and vascular amyloid deposits in Alzheimer disease. Previous studies have shown increased levels of amyloid protein precursor (APP) mRNA in basal forebrain neurons in the disease. Morphological and neurochemical changes occur within the forebrain in Alzheimer disease and are also correlated with behavioral impairments in aged rats. Recent studies suggest that decreased nerve growth factor responsiveness of basal forebrain neurons is a feature of normal aging and of Alzheimer disease. We have used in situ hybridization to show that the abundance of specific forms of APP mRNA, which contain an inserted Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor motif (APP-751, APP-770, and APP-related 563), are increased relative to the noninserted form (APP-695) of APP mRNA in the basal forebrain of aged rats. This increase appears to be specific to animals who exhibit spatial memory deficits but not aged rats without behavioral impairments.
Preparation and Characterization of Monolithic Porous Capillary Columns Loaded with Chromatographic Particles (1998)

Using sol-gel technology, a porous glass matrix (xerogel) is formed in a capillary column and acts as a support for a stationary phase of chromatographic particles used in capillary electrochromatography. Preparation of the sol-gel matrix and immobilization of the octadecylsilica (ODS) stationary phase occur in a single step. The presence of the particles in the column greatly reduces matrix cracking caused by internal pressure differentials within the pores of the sol-gel matrix. Good electroosmotic flow is achieved in part because of the inherent negative charge of both the particles and the sol-gel matrix. The performance of these sol-gel/ODS capillary columns was evaluated with a mixture of aromatic and nonaromatic organic compounds. Efficiencies of up to 80 000 plates/m were observed in columns with immobilized 3-μm ODS particles. The efficiency and resolution are enhanced when 3-μm ODS particles are used in place of the 5-μm particles.
Data from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Gastric cancer is the third most lethal cancer worldwide, and evaluation of the genomic status of gastric cancer cells has not translated into effective prognostic or therapeutic strategies. We therefore hypothesize that outcomes may depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), in particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). However, very little is known about the role of CAFs in gastric cancer. To address this, we mapped the transcriptional landscape of human gastric cancer stroma by microdissection and RNA sequencing of CAFs from patients with gastric cancer. A stromal gene signature was associated with poor disease outcome, and the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulated the signature. HSF1 upregulated inhibin subunit beta A and thrombospondin 2, which were secreted in CAF-derived extracellular vesicles to the TME to promote cancer. Together, our work provides the first transcriptional map of human gastric cancer stroma and highlights HSF1 and its transcriptional targets as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the genomically stable tumor microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study shows how HSF1 regulates a stromal transcriptional program associated with aggressive gastric cancer and identifies multiple proteins within this program as candidates for therapeutic intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design of Compact Photoelectrochemical Cells for Water Splitting (2015)

Solar driven water splitting can be achieved by coupling electrolyzers with PhotoVoltaics (PV). Integration of both functions in a compact PhotoElectroChemical (PEC) cell is an attractive option but presents significant scientific challenges. In this work, the design of single- and dual-compartment PEC cells for research purposes is discussed. The fabrication of separator-electrode assemblies is an important aspect, and upscaling of these architectures even to centimeter scale is not trivial. The layout of a new dual-compartment compact PEC cell with <i>in-situ<i/> monitoring of pH, temperatures, and oxygen and hydrogen evolution for research purposes is presented. Finally, a prospect of future PEC cells for practical applications is presented.
What Do We Talk About When We Talk? (1981)

This monograph deals with the aboutness of language. First, the sense in which language is about or reflects both reality and a mental picture of reality is turned into a cornerstone of a reflectionist or Speculative Grammarian semantics and pragmatics. Second, the Speculative Grammar idea is made concrete in a logico-linguistic account of the way language is about the whole of reality as well as about certain fractions of it. Third, the reflectionist perspective is used for a universalist account of the way speech acts are about their subjects, topics, and foci.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A rationally designed pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant with a broad substrate spectrum. (2012)

Together with tRNA(CUA)(Pyl), a rationally designed pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant N346A/C348A has been successfully used for the genetic incorporation of a variety of phenylalanine derivatives with large para substituents into superfolder green fluorescent protein at an amber mutation site in Escherichia coli. This discovery greatly expands the genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid inventory and opens the gate for the genetic incorporation of other phenylalanine derivatives using engineered pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA(CUA)(Pyl) pairs. PMID: 22289053 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 1R01CA161158 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA161158-01 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA161158
Superconducting transition temperatures in pseudobinary A15 compounds (1980)

Results of previous experimental studies on superconducting transition temperatures in $A15$ pseudobinary compounds are compared with rigid-band extensions of recent band-structure calculations. The comparisons indicate that the electron-phonon interaction parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is reasonably well approximated by the rigid-band model if the third constituent is a $3d$ ($4d$) transition metal substitution for vanadium (niobium). On the basis of this model we predict that ${({\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{x})}_{3}\mathrm{Ge}$ compounds should have superconducting temperatures exceeding 15 K.
Synthesis and electrocatalytic behavior of Pt-based nano-catalyst obtained via magnetron sputtering onto vegetal glycerin (2019)

International audience
Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols and α‐Hydroxy Ketones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic/semiconductor heterostructures for spintronic devices (2003)

Summary form only given. We discuss materials options to build spintronic devices illustrated by our recent experimental findings in fabricating NiMnSb epitaxial magnetic contacts, ferromagnetic/insulator/semiconductor (FM/I/S) spin-LED's and (Al,Ga)MnAs-based heterostructures. We use all the bandgap engineering tricks of advanced semiconductor devices to exploit and enhance spin-dependent effects.
A new class of nitrosoureas. V. Structure of isomeric L-arabinosylureas and isomerization thereof. (1982)

Structural determination of the isomeric L-arabinosylureas (1a, 2a, and 3a) and their facile isomerization into the thermodynamically stable isomer (3a) by acid are described. The reaction of L-arabinose with 3-methoxy-n-propylamine followed by treatment with 2-chloroethyl isocyanate gave a mixture of the ureas (1a, 2a, and 3a) in a ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. They were determined to be the β anomer (1a) and the α anomer (3a) of 3-(L-arabinopyranosyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(3-methoxy-n-propyl) urea and the β anomer (2a) of the corresponding L-arabinofuranosyl derivative, respectively. Isomerization of these ureas was examined in formic acid solution by monitoring their thin layer chromatography. Complete isomerization of both 1a and 2a into 3a was observed, while 1a isomerized into 3a via 2a. Consequently, the selective isomerization of a mixture of these ureas into 3a could readily be effected by formic acid treatment. The nitrosation of these ureas by the use of dinitrogen tetroxide gave the corresponding nitrosoureas (4a, 5a, and 6a), and their structures are discussed.
A novel control of Dual-Excited Synchronous machines for variable-speed wind turbines (2011)

Compliancy to grid codes has been a driving force behind the development of variable-speed technologies for wind generation. This resulted in the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) to become a common technology. The operational benefits of the DFIG derive from the possibility of controlling the operating speed of the generator from the rotor windings. Even if constructively different, the Dual-Excited Synchronous Generator (DESG) is functionally identical to the DFIG and offers an equivalent controllability. However, the mechanical design of the DESG can be exploited to be comparatively better than a DFIG for low speed operations. Thus, DESG can be a valid candidate as non conventional variable-speed constant-frequency generators for wind power generation. This paper presents a novel control technique for wind turbines that allows the power flowing into the rotor to be actively regulated and even zeroed. The algorithm is exemplified on a DESG but can be equally implemented also on a DFIG. The control of the rotor power can be translated into a simplified power electronics configuration, since the grid-side inverter in the back-to-back converter can be replaced by an unregulated rectifier, leading perhaps to a cost reduction and to an increase of reliability.
Treatment of Intertrochanteric Nonunion of the Proximal Femur Using the S-ROM Prosthesis (2008)

Nonunion is an uncommon yet devastating complication following intertrochanteric hip fracture, and few reports in the literature address this problem. This study examines the results of intertrochanteric nonunion treated with the uncemented S-ROM prosthesis in 10 patients. All patients demonstrated clinically significant pain relief and return to ambulation following hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. Average Harris hip score was 86 after an average follow-up of 30 months; there was a trend toward better results in cases of pure intertrochanteric fractures compared to cases with subtrochanteric involvement. Radiographic follow-up demonstrated stable ingrowth in 9 cases, and few complications occurred in this series.
Determination of beam‐to‐column connection characteristics in pallet rack structures: a comparison of the EN and ANSI methods and an analysis of the influence of the moment‐to‐shear ratios (2013)

he beam-to-column connections in most of the pallet rack structures made of thin-walled steel sections are of the clip-on type. These connections are of a semi-rigid nature and have a non-linear moment–rotation relationship, which has to be determined experimen - tally. The experimental methods described in the European standard (EN 15512: 2009) and the American standard (ANSI MH 16.1: 2008) are different. This paper presents a series of test results determining the beam-to-column connection characteristics of European and American origin, tested with both methods. This is followed by a comparison and analysis of the results. The influence of the distance from the applied load to the face of the upright, i.e. the influence of the moment-to-shear ratio, is also analysed and discussed