gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Pore Structures of Aluminum Foam Composite Fabricated Using Optical Heating (2019)

Aluminum foam composite of aluminum alloy die casting ADC12 core coated by pure aluminum A1050 was fabricated combining foaming of an ADC12 precursor by optical heating and foaming of an A1050 precursor by an electric furnace. In this study, the pore structures of the fabricated aluminum foam composite were examined using X-ray computed tomography (CT) inspection. It was shown that, by controlling optical heating conditions (voltage of halogen lamp and heating time), the aluminum foam composite with good pore structures of ADC12 part and good bondability between A1050 and ADC12 parts could be fabricated. Moreover, drop weight impact tests of the aluminum foam composite was carried out. Based on the test results, it was shown that the plateau stress could be evaluated within ±20% error by using mean compressive stress on a maximum-porosity cross section perpendicular to the loading direction.
Atomic layer deposited TiO2 on optical fiber for pH sensing at 80 °C (2021)

Real-time pH monitoring of cement can improve maintenance schedules and predict early failures for wellbores, which is beneficial for wellbore integrity monitoring in oil and gas production and carbon dioxide sequestration. Metal oxideenabled fiber optic pH sensors offer a solution for real-time distributed pH monitoring at high temperature high pressure conditions in the wellbores, and such harsh conditions disable many other pH sensing techniques. Our previous investigation revealed that a fiber optic sensor with sol-gel coated titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is capable of pH sensing in the high alkaline range at 80 &deg;C, relevant for the wellbore cement conditions. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) approach provides uniform conformal films on complex surfaces, which could enhance the TiO<sub>2</sub> film stability on the optical fiber. This work presents detailed characterization and testing of ALD TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films for pH sensing by measuring the pHdependent transmission of the coated fiber optic sensors at room temperature and 80 &deg;C. ALD TiO<sub>2</sub> has demonstrated enhanced sensing performance compared to sol-gel TiO<sub>2</sub> in terms of sensitivity, reversibility, and stability.
Reconstituting retroviral (ReCon) vectors facilitating delivery of cytotoxic genes in cancer gene therapy approaches (2007)

The ReCon vector in its optimized form is an attractive tool for cancer gene therapy approaches.
Optimization of the Timing of Skeletal to Cardiac Muscle Contraction During Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty: Analysis Using a Mathematical Model (1991)

Cardiomyoplasty, or the use of skeletal muscle to assist the failing heart, has been studied for many years but has enjoyed only minimal success. It has been suggested that a delay in the start of skeletal muscle contraction relative to the QRS complex would enhance aortic flow. To study the effects of simulated changes in the relative timing of skeletal muscle contraction, heart rate and skeletal muscle contraction duration, a mathematical model was used to predict the vascular pressures and flows during cardiomyoplasty. The vascular pressures and cardiac output generated by the model for both the normal and heart failure state were similar to previously published canine data. Skeletal muscle contraction synchronous with cardiac mechanical systole (i.e., delayed approximately 50-75 ms from the QRS) was able to provide improvements in cardiac output, arterial blood pressure and aortic flow velocity up to 40% over the baseline heart failure state. A delay in the start of skeletal muscle contraction, prolonged skeletal muscle contraction duration or an increase in the heart rate from 90 to 120/min reduced this benefit. Thus, mechanical synchrony of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction optimizes hemodynamics during cardiomyoplasty.
RF-LNA circuit synthesis by genetic algorithm-specified artificial neural network (2014)

A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to determine the optimal architecture and input parameters of a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), the purpose of which was to synthesize a radio-frequency, low noise amplifier (RF-LNA) circuit. The parameters (chromosomes) processed by the GA included: i) the LNA performance specifications and design constraints; ii) the type of ANN to use multi-layer perceptron (MLP) or radial-basis function (RBF) network; iii) the ANN parameters to set. For two different sets of design parameters, the input/output matching network components and transistor geometries, the GA found ANN solutions capable of predicting their values with success rates above 99 %.
Asian plantain (Plantago asiatica) essential oils suppress 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-co-enzyme A reductase expressionin vitroandin vivoand show hypocholesterolaemic properties in mice (2007)

Asian plantain (Plantago asiatica) essential oil (PAEO) contains multiple bioactive compounds, but its potential effects on lipid metabolism have not been examined. PAEO was found to be mostly composed of oxygenated monoterpenes, with linalool as the major component (82.5 %, w/w), measured using GC-MS. Incubation of 0-200 microg PAEO/ml with HepG2 cells for 24 h resulted in no significant toxicity. Incubation with 0.2 mg PAEO/ml altered the expression of LDL receptor (+83 %; P < 0.05) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase ( - 37 %; P < 0.05), as assessed using RT-PCR. LDL oxidation was markedly inhibited by PAEO treatment due to the prevalence of linalool compounds in PAEO. Oral administration of PAEO for 3 weeks in C57BL/6 mice significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 29 and 46 %, respectively. The mRNA (+58 %; P < 0.05), but not protein, levels of the LDL receptor were significantly higher, whereas both mRNA and protein levels of HMG-CoA reductase were significantly lower ( - 46 and - 11 %, respectively; P < 0.05) in the liver of PAEO-fed than of control mice. The mRNA levels of CYP7A1 were marginally reduced in HepG2 cells, but not in mouse liver after PAEO treatment. Thus, PAEO may have hypocholesterolaemic effects by altering the expression of HMG-CoA reductase. Reduced TAG and oxidised LDL may provide additional cardiovascular protective benefits.
New Aspects on Prostaglandin D Synthases (1997)

Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is a major prostanoid produced in the central nervous system and mast cells, acting as a neuromodulator and an allergic and inflammatory mediator. PGD2 is readily dehydrated to produce PGs of the J series, such as PGJ2, delta 12-PGJ2, and 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-PGJ2. We identified two distinct types of PGD synthase: one is glutathione independent, the lipocalin-type enzyme; and the other is glutathione-dependent, the hematopoietic enzyme. Lipocalin-type PGD synthase is localized in the central nervous system and genital organs, dominantly produced in the leptomeninges of the brain and pigmented epithelium of the retina, and is actively secreted as beta-trace into the cerebrospinal fluid and interphotoreceptor matrix, respectively. Since the enzyme binds all-trans- or 9-cis-retinoic acid with Kd of about 100 nM, it is considered to be a bifunctional protein acting as a PGD2-producing enzyme and an extracellular retinoid-transporter. Alternatively, we recently cloned the cDNA for hematopoietic PGD synthase, crystallized the recombinant enzyme, and determined the three-dimensional structure. The enzyme is the first member of the sigma class glutathione S-transferase (GST) from vertebrates and possesses a prominent cleft as the active site, which is never seen among other members of the GST family.
Sclerostin Deficiency Alters Peripheral B Lymphocyte Responses in Mice (2018)

Abstract Understanding how changes in bone physiology and homeostasis affect immune responses will inform how to retain strong immunity in patients with bone disease and in aged individuals. We previously identified sclerostin ( Sost ) as a mediator of cell communication between the skeletal and the immune system. Elevated bone mineral density in Sost -knockout ( Sost -/- ) mice contributes to an altered bone marrow microenvironment and adversely affects B cell development. B cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow and mature in peripheral lymphoid organs to produce antibodies in response to infection and/or vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether the aberrant B cell development observed in the bone marrow of Sost -/- mice extends to peripheral B cells in the spleen during immune challenge, and if these changes were age-dependent. Concomitant with more severe changes in bone architecture, B cell development in the bone marrow and in the spleen worsened with age in Sost -/- mice. B cell responses to T-independent antigens were enhanced in young Sost -/- mice, whereas responses to T-dependent antigens were impaired. Our results support the hypothesis that the adverse effects of B cell development in the Sost -deficient bone marrow microenvironment extends to the peripheral B cell immune response to protein antigens, and suggest that the B cell response to routine vaccinations should be monitored regularly in patients being treated with sclerostin antibody therapy. In addition, our results open the possibility that Sost regulates the T-independent B cell response, which might be applicable to the improvement of vaccines towards non-protein antigens.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition attenuates persistent heart and lung injury by neonatal hyperoxia in rats (2011)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors are potent anti-inflammatory drugs with antihypertensive properties, and their therapeutic role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still controversial. We studied the role of PDE4 inhibition with piclamilast on normal lung development and its therapeutic value on pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury, a valuable model for premature infants with severe BPD. The cardiopulmonary effects of piclamilast treatment (5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) were investigated in two models of experimental BPD: 1) daily treatment during continuous exposure to hyperoxia for 10 days; and 2) late treatment and injury-recovery in which pups were exposed to hyperoxia or room air for 9 days, followed by 9 or 42 days of recovery in room air combined with treatment started on day 6 of oxygen exposure until day 18. Prophylactic piclamilast treatment reduced pulmonary fibrin deposition, septum thickness, arteriolar wall thickness, arteriolar vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and RVH, and prolonged survival. In the late treatment and injury-recovery model, hyperoxia caused persistent aberrant alveolar and vascular development, PH, and RVH. Treatment with piclamilast in both models reduced arteriolar wall thickness, attenuated RVH, and improved right ventricular function in the injury recovery model, but did not restore alveolarization or angiogenesis. Treatment with piclamilast did not show adverse cardiopulmonary effects in room air controls in both models. In conclusion, PDE4 inhibition attenuated and partially reversed PH and RVH, but did not advance alveolar development in neonatal rats with hyperoxic lung injury or affect normal lung and heart development.
Reversal of established autoimmune diabetes by restoration of endogenous β cell function (2001)

In NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice, a model of autoimmune diabetes, various immunomodulatory interventions prevent progression to diabetes. However, after hyperglycemia is established, such interventions rarely alter the course of disease or allow sustained engraftment of islet transplants. A proteasome defect in lymphoid cells of NOD mice impairs the presentation of self antigens and increases the susceptibility of these cells to TNF-α–induced apoptosis. Here, we examine the hypothesis that induction of TNF-α expression combined with reeducation of newly emerging T cells with self antigens can interrupt autoimmunity. Hyperglycemic NOD mice were treated with CFA to induce TNF-α expression and were exposed to functional complexes of MHC class I molecules and antigenic peptides either by repeated injection of MHC class I matched splenocytes or by transplantation of islets from nonautoimmune donors. Hyperglycemia was controlled in animals injected with splenocytes by administration of insulin or, more effectively, by implantation of encapsulated islets. These interventions reversed the established β cell–directed autoimmunity and restored endogenous pancreatic islet function to such an extent that normoglycemia was maintained in up to 75% of animals after discontinuation of treatment and removal of islet transplants. A therapy aimed at the selective elimination of autoreactive cells and the reeducation of T cells, when combined with control of glycemia, is thus able to effect an apparent cure of established type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse.J. Clin. Invest.108:63–72 (2001). DOI:10.1172/JCI200112335.
Alkaline hemolysis fragility is dependent on cell shape: Results from a morphology tracker (2005)

RBCs inflate at a rate proportional to their surface area, in agreement with a constant flux model, and lyse after attaining a spherical morphology. Spherical RBCs display increased alkaline hemolysis fragility (shorter lifetimes), providing an explanation for the increased osmotic fragility of RBCs from patients who have spherocytosis.
Interface alloying and tunability of magnetic structure with hydrogen in Fe/V multilayers (2003)

Fe/V superlattices are model systems for the analysis and understanding of interface magnetism. We have performed experiments and calculations for the determination of magnetic moments for pristine and hydrogen loaded Fe/V superlattices. The experiments show that the average magnetic saturation moment decreases with decreasing Fe layer thickness and increases proportional to the hydrogen concentration in the V layer. We have modeled the epitaxial growth and different degrees of interface mixing via algorithms simulating the deposition and exchange of atoms with atoms of the substrate. The electronic density of states and the distribution of magnetic moments in the Fe and V layers were determined within the periodic Anderson model including rough interfaces and various hydrogen concentrations. The parameters of the model were chosen such as to reproduce the main features of the electron density of states obtained by ab initio calculations for ideal systems. The periodic Anderson model can reproduce the main features of the experimental observations. The Fe magnetic moment is reduced as compared to the bulk value close to the Fe/V interface and decreases with increasing roughness. V exhibits a small and induced moment in the interface region polarized opposite to the Fe moment. With increasing hydrogen concentration the magnetic moment of the Fe layers increase, whereas the V moment remains essentially constant, resulting in an overall increase of the Fe/V saturation magnetization, in accordance with experimental results.
Radiative Lifetime of the B 1Πu State of K2 (1970)

Using the phase-shift method, a radiative lifetime study has been made of the K2 B 1Πu molecule excited by the 632.8-nm line of an He–Ne laser. The radiative lifetime extrapolated to zero pressure is found to be τ = 12.4 ± 0.3 nsec where the error represents three standard deviations of the statistical uncertainty. A simple valence-bond model for the molecular transition is proposed which predicts that the radiative lifetime of the B 1Πu state of the dialkalis will be shorter, by about a factor of 2 or more, than the lifetime of the parent atomic P state into which the excited alkali dimer separates. The results of these calculations are compared with the experimentally observed lifetimes for several vibrational states of Na2 and K2.
Effect of HfO2 dispersoids on the microstructure of a Ni-Cr-Al-Ti superalloy processed by laser-based powder-bed fusion (2023)

The effects of 1 wt% HfO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nano-dispersoid addition on the microstructure of a high-γ' Ni-8.5Cr-5.5Al-1Ti (wt%) model superalloy are investigated after manufacturing via laser-based powder-bed fusion (PBF-LB). Despite their very high melting point, HfO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; dispersoids are not fully stable during their short stay in the melt pool. At the nanoscale, the superalloy grains contain various Hf-Al-O-, Hf-O- and Hf-S-rich nano-dispersoids, as well as γ' L1&lt;sub&gt;2[sbnd]&lt;/sub&gt;Ni&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Hf nano-precipitates, reflecting reaction of HfO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; dispersoids in the melt. At the meso‑scale, Hf-Al-O-rich slag inclusions are embedded in the metallic matrix, exhibiting a two-phase HfO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; eutectic structure. At the macroscale, millimeter-long cracks form at the boundaries of the elongated, highly (100) textured grains, indicative of solidification cracking. The critical role of Al and O in the superalloy melt in reacting with oxide nano-dispersoids during PBF-LB manufacturing, previously reported for Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nano-dispersoids, is observed to occur here for HfO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; dispersoids as well, despite their higher stability, melting point and density and their lack of reactivity with Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;.
Development of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Optical Sensors Via Data Analytics (2021)

The photoluminescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) offers unique advantages for the development of biological sensors, including the potential to sensitize emission to many classes of analytes. Methods to selectively transduce the local concentration of an analyte via an optical signal often involve the attachment of existing molecular recognition elements to the nanotube surface, or the development of selectivities by high-throughput screening or selection techniques. Due to the existence of several mechanisms of optical modulation of SWCNTs, as well as multiple carbon nanotube species with differing bandgaps, and the increasing number of excipients and polymers that can be used for colloidal suspension and non-covalent functionalization, data analytics can be used to facilitate selective recognition of bioanalytes to detect and process multi-parametric spectroscopic fingerprints. These strategies will be discussed for the detection of single and multiplexed analytes.
Upper Neck Response of the Belt and Air Bag Restrained 50<sup>th</sup> Percentile Hybrid III Dummy in the USA's New Car Assessment Program (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Since 1994, the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has compiled upper neck loads for the belt and air bag restrained 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; percentile male Hybrid III dummy. Over five years from 1994 to 1998, in frontal crash tests, NCAP collected upper neck data for 118 passenger cars and seventy-eight light trucks and vans. This paper examines these data and attempts to assess the potential for neck injury based on injury criteria included in FMVSS No. 208 (for the optional sled test).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper examines the extent of serious neck injury in real world crashes as reported in the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). The results suggest that serious neck injuries do occur at higher speeds for crashes involving occupants restrained by belts in passenger cars. Results of this paper also suggest that neck tension and neck extension can reach levels in the NCAP frontal crash tests that are higher than those allowed in FMVSS No. 208 for the sled test. Furthermore, neck tension and neck extension are generally higher in light trucks and vans than in passenger cars. In addition, when the neck responses are examined as a function of the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) for driver and passenger dummies, no correlation is found.&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of antenna diversity on performance of reference symbol assisted interference cancellation in CDMA wireless systems (2002)

This paper investigates the effect of antenna diversity on the performance of a reference symbol assisted multi-stage interference cancelling (RAMSIC) receiver. The uplink of a DS-CDMA system with coherent detection operating on a flat Rayleigh fading system is considered. The results show that with a realistic feedback power control algorithm, in fast fading the capacity of the system with dual receive antenna diversity can be increased 1.6 times over that of the IS-95 system. It is also demonstrated that the capacity of the system in a slow fading environment increases dramatically over that under fast fading. Therefore, the 1.6 fold advantage of the RAMSIC receiver may be interpreted as the worst case performance advantage. Investigation of transmitter antenna diversity shows that in systems requiring lower BER (10/sup -4/ or less), such as in image and video communication, artificial multipath created by two transmitting antennas increases capacity.
Nile Red-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Silica Nanocomposite Particles Increase the Sensitivity of Cervical Cancer Cells to Tamoxifen (2020)

Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hormonal drug and is mainly used as an anti-estrogen in breast cancer patients. TAM binds to estrogen receptors (ERs), resulting in inhibition of estrogen signaling pathways and thus, a downregulation of cell proliferation. Cancer cells with negative or low ER expression will not uptake TAM and will show low response. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles were prepared using surfactant-free emulsion polymerization, then were loaded with Nile red (NR), which resulted in PMMA-NR. To enhance TAM delivery to cervical cancer cells (HELA), which is considered ER-negative, we loaded TAM and polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles-Nile-red into silica (PMMA-NR-Si-TAM). The uptake and intracellular distribution were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the in vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay using HELA and non-tumorigenic cell line HFF-1. The sensitivity of HELA (LC50: 207.31 µg/mL) and HFF-1 (LC50: 234.08 µg/mL) to free TAM was very low. However, after the encapsulation of TAM with PMMA-NR, the sensitivity significantly increased HELA (LC50: 71.83 µg/mL) and HFF-1 (LC50: 37.36 µg/mL). This indicates that TAM can be used for the treatment of ER-negative cervical cancer once conjugated to PMMA-NR nanoparticles. In addition, the PMMA-NR formulation appears to be highly suitable for cancer imaging and drug delivery.
<title>Testing of new imaging algorithm for segmented MR images of breast tissue</title> (1997)

In a paper by the first three authors a new algorithm for optical tomography (OT) in the time domain was described and tested for the case of a uniform background medium (see current proceedings). The goal of this paper is to test this method for the case where the background medium is an anatomically accurate optical map of the breast tissue obtained on the basis of a segmented magnetic resonance (MR) image. The key innovation of this imaging algorithm lies in a new approach for a novel linearized problem (LP). Such an LP is reduced to a boundary value problem for a coupled system of elliptic partial differential equations, rather than a conventional form of an ill-posed integral equation. The solution of this system in turn is done very rapidly. Thus, this is a fast imaging algorithm.