gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1–299: Multicenter phase II trial of florbetaben beta‐amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease: Results in a close to clinically routine situation (2013)

Florbetaben PET recently demonstrated efficacy in discriminating Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from healthy volunteers (HVs) in an exploratory phase 2A trial [Lancet Neurol 2011] and in detecting brain b -amyloid in a histopathology phase 3 trial. With florbetaben soon envisaging clinical approval, the question arises as to how the tracer performs in a situation akin to future clinical routine use, i.e. in suspected AD patients at earlier dementia stages, and as employed by non- b -amyloid-PET-expert nuclear physicians who evaluate the PET images visually. To address this question, the 90–110 min p.i. florbetaben PET data of 116 patients with probable AD (age≥55yrs, MMSE=18–26, CDR=0.5–2) and of 120 cognitively normal elderly HVs as acquired within the confirmatory phase 2B trial in 22 centers across four continents were visually assessed using a pre-established scoring system by five so far un-experienced blinded readers after running a web-based training program. The consensus panel clinical diagnosis served as a surrogate standard of truth to evaluate the tracer performance. For the five blinded readers, sensitivity for discrimination between AD patients and HVs ranged from 69.0% (95% CI: 60.6–77.4%) to 81.0% (95% CI: 73.9–88.2%), with a median value of 78.5%, and specificity ranged from 81.7% (95% CI: 74.7–88.6%) to 95% (95% CI: 91.1–98.9%), with a median value of 89.2%. Inter-reader agreement was substantial to almost perfect with a kappa of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.86) across the five readers. Taken together, the training procedure developed leads to reproducible visual assessments of florbetaben PET data which allow for an accurate discrimination between AD patients and HVs. Thus, the results of this to date largest phase 2 trial of a 18 F-labeled b -amyloid-PET tracer confirm the great potential of florbetaben to supplement the clinical routine toolbox to diagnose AD.
The influence of AlN buffer layer on the growth of self-assembled GaN nanocolumns on graphene (2020)

GaN nanocolumns were synthesized on single-layer graphene via radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, using a thin migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) AlN buffer layer as nucleation sites. Due to the weak nucleation on graphene, instead of an AlN thin-film we observe two distinguished AlN formations which affect the subsequent GaN nanocolumn growth: (i) AlN islands and (ii) AlN nanostructures grown along line defects (grain boundaries or wrinkles) of graphene. Structure (i) leads to the formation of vertical GaN nanocolumns regardless of the number of AlN MEE cycles, whereas (ii) can result in random orientation of the nanocolumns depending on the AlN morphology. Additionally, there is a limited amount of direct GaN nucleation on graphene, which induces non-vertical GaN nanocolumn growth. The GaN nanocolumn samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, room temperature micro-photoluminescence, and micro-Raman measurements. Surprisingly, the graphene with AlN buffer layer formed using less MEE cycles, thus resulting in lower AlN coverage, has a lower level of nitrogen plasma damage. The AlN buffer layer with lowest AlN coverage also provides the best result with respect to high-quality and vertically-aligned GaN nanocolumns.
Measurement of the Numbers of Emitted Gasoline Particles: Genuine or Artefact? (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many researchers have reported the measurement of high numbers of emitted particles from gasoline vehicles operating at high speed. To date, in the absence of standard test protocols or analytical techniques, these measurements have all been made from a dilution tunnel set up according to regulatory procedures. Currently, there is great uncertainty relating to the use of the dilution tunnel as a suitable tool for the measurement of automotive particle size and number distribution and also the relevance of the procedure to ambient measurement of the same parameters.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Gasoline particle number emissions, as measured on a dilution tunnel, are low at speeds under 120km/h. Beyond this speed, high numbers of very small particles have been measured. There is some evidence to show that these particles may be formed as an artefact within the sampling system, either from the desorption of deposited material or from the pyrolysis of other material in the sampling system itself.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This current study, although designed to investigate the composition of gasoline particles, has shown that the effect of temperature, both within the exhaust pipe and in the sampling system, is critical for the measurement of particle numbers. These particles are directly related to the temperature of the exhaust pipe and sampling system and to the subsequent release of deposited material. They do not represent particles emitted directly from the engine. It has been shown that prolonged periods at elevated temperatures can ‘clean-up’ the system for subsequent measurements. These results have serious implications for the measurement of gasoline particle number emissions using dilution tunnels.&lt;/div&gt;
Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Abnormalities in High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice (2008)

In SR-BI KO mice abnormal circulating lipoproteins, particularly their high UC:TC ratio-rather than the absence of SR-BI in platelets themselves-induce defects in platelet structure and clearance, together with a mild defect in function.
Ultra-broadband Optical Frequency Doubler at Telecom Wavelength (2022)

We present dispersion-engineered PPLN nanowaveguides with a geometry designed for broadband frequency doubling at telecom wavelengths with low pump energy. We realize a 45-nm-broad transfer function in a 5-mm-long crystal pumped by fs-pulses.
Application of HVDC Light to power system enhancement (2002)

The new electric transmission system, HVDC Light, utilises state of the art semiconductors, control and cable insulation and can offer many new transmission opportunities as has been demonstrated by actual projects. It offers a lot of possibilities to enhance power systems. Wind power, even large parks, can easily be connected to the grid. In many cases, HVDC Light can give new opportunities to trade electric energy in the new deregulated markets. As HVDC Light has been developed to minimise environmental impact and impact on the connecting grids, the licence procedure is generally more favourable than more traditional solutions. As experience is gained, a number of new applications will be realised, such as feeding islands and far away located communities, as well as city infeed and multiterminal applications.
Comparison of analysis methods for airway quantification (2012)

Diseased airways have been known for several years as a possible contributing factor to airflow limitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD). Quantification of disease severity through the evaluation of airway dimensions - wall thickness and lumen diameter - has gained increased attention, thanks to the availability of multi-slice computed tomography (CT). Novel approaches have focused on automated methods of measurement as a faster and more objective means that the visual assessment routinely employed in the clinic. Since the Full-Width Half-Maximum (FWHM) method of airway measurement was introduced two decades ago [1], several new techniques for quantifying airways have been detailed in the literature, but no approach has truly become a standard for such analysis. Our own research group has presented two alternative approaches for determining airway dimensions, one involving a minimum path and the other active contours [2, 3]. With an increasing number of techniques dedicated to the same goal, we decided to take a step back and analyze the differences of these methods. We consequently put to the test our two methods of analysis and the FWHM approach. We first measured a set of 5 airways from a phantom of known dimensions. Then we compared measurements from the three methods to those of two independent readers, performed on 35 airways in 5 patients. We elaborate on the differences of each approach and suggest conclusions on which could be defined as the best one.
A Cyclic AMP-Dependent Form of Associative Synaptic Induced by Coactivation of ,&Adrenergic Receptors and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Rat Hippocampus Plasticity (1994)

Recent studies suggest that increases in intracellular CAMP increase evoked synaptic responses in area CA1 of the hippocampus. We recently reported that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in hippocampal slices potentiates CAMP responses to activation of other receptors that are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase through Gs. It is possible that by enhancing CAMP responses, mGluRs could markedly potentiate the ability of agonists of Gs-coupled receptors to potentiate synaptic responses in area CAl. Such synergistic activation of a second messenger system could be involved in an associative form of neuronal plasticity in which simultaneous activation of two independent inputs to a cell is required for induction of a given change in synaptic transmission or neuronal excitability. We therefore tested the hypothesis that coactivation of mGluRs and a Gs-coupled receptor (the B-adrenergic receptor) could lead to large increases in CAMP accumulation in hippocampus and thereby increase synaptic responses in area CA1 . We report that coactivation of mGluRs and 8-adrenergic receptors leads to a lasting (>30 min) increase in the amplitude of evoked population spikes at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. This effect is not accompanied by an increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents or by a decrease in synaptic inhibition in area CAl, suggesting that it is not mediated by a lasting change in excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission. However, coactivation of these receptors leads to a persistent depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cells with a concomitant increase in input resistance. Furthermore, coactivation of these receptors induces a lasting decrease in a slow afterhyperpolarization that follows a burst of action potentials in these cells and a lasting decrease in spike frequency adaptation. These electrophysiological effects are blocked by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Biochemical data suggest that the persistent increase in excitability of these cells is not mediated by a lasting increase in CAMP production. Taken together with previous reports demonstrating that CAMP analogs and the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin mimic these effects, these data suggest that the response to coactivation of
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW N-ISOPROPYLAMIDINOBIBENZIMIDAZOLES AS POTENTIAL TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS (2002)

methyl-1 //-benzimidazol-2-yl)-pheny 1]-l/f-benzimidazole-5carboxamidine (3), 2'-(4-fluorophenyl)-//-isopropy 1-1 '-methyl-l//,r//-[2,5']-bibenzimidazolyl-5-carboxamidine(
The design of tree-structured M-channel filter banks using perfect reconstruction filter blocks (2003)

The concept of perfect reconstruction in filter banks is examined using the Smith form of the polyphase matrix. A class of M-channel FIR (finite-impulse response) perfect-reconstruction filter banks is introduced that includes the recently developed lossless filter banks. With the proposed filter banks, the synthesis filters are of the same complexity as the analysis filters. In addition, the synthesis filter bank is easily obtained from the analysis filter bank by inverting a set of M*M constant coefficient matrices. A statistical method for the design of such filter banks is presented. These can be used as building blocks in large tree-structured filter banks where the overall number of channels is any composite integer. An analysis of the computational and storage complexity of such tree structures is given. The results of the analysis are simple formulas for required storage and computation, which helps in the selection of efficient tree structures. >
Low power, area efficient programmable filter and variable rate decimator (2002)

A new flexible architecture is proposed for word-serial filtering and variable rate decimation/interpolation. The architecture is targeted for low power applications requiring medium to low data rate and is ideally suited for implementation on either an ASIC or an FPGA. It combines the small size and low power of an ASIC with the programmability and flexibility of a DSP. An efficient memory addressing scheme eliminates the need for power hungry shift registers and allows full reconfiguration via a single ROM. The decimation ratio, filter length and filter coefficients can all be changed in real-time. The architecture takes advantage of coefficient symmetries in linear phase filters and in polyphase components.
Development of a parallelizable high‐content QCM‐D biosensor array with flexible sample routing (2018)

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A comparison of the pattern transfer of line-space patterns from graphoepitaxial and chemoepitaxial block co-polymer directed self-assembly (2014)

Block co-polymer directed self-assembly (BCP DSA) has become an area of fervent research activity as a potential alternative or adjunct to EUV lithography or self-aligned pitch multiplication strategies. This presentation will evaluate two DSA strategies for patterning line-space arrays at 30nm pitch: graphoepitaxial DSA with surface-parallel cylinder BCPs and chemoepitaxial DSA with surface-normal lamellar BCPs. A comparison of pattern transfer into hard-mask and substrate films will be made by consideration of line and space CDs, line profile of cross-sectional SEM images, and comparison of relative LWR/SWR. The processes will be benchmarked against Micron’s process used in manufacturing its 16nm half-pitch NAND part.
Assessment of Impact of Monoenergetic Photon Sources on Prioritized Nonproliferation Applications: Simulation Study Report (2016)

Near-monoenergetic photon sources (MPSs) have the potential to improve sensitivity at greatly reduced dose in existing applications and enable new capabilities in other applications. MPS advantages include the ability to select energy, energy spread, flux, and pulse structures to deliver only the photons needed for the application, while suppressing extraneous dose and background. Some MPSs also offer narrow divergence photon beams which can target dose and/or mitigate scattering contributions to image contrast degradation. Current broad-band, bremsstrahlung photon sources (e.g., linacs and betatrons) deliver unnecessary dose that in some cases also interferes with the signature to be detected and/or restricts operations, and must be collimated (reducing flux) to generate narrow divergence beams. While MPSs can in principle resolve these issues, they are technically challenging to produce. Candidate MPS technologies for nonproliferation applications are now being developed, each of which have different properties (e.g. broad divergence vs. narrow). Within each technology, source parameters trade off against one another (e.g. flux vs. energy spread), representing a large operation space. To guide development, requirements for each application of interest must be defined and simulations conducted to define MPS parameters that deliver benefit relative to current systems. The present project conducted a broad assessment of potential nonproliferation applications where MPSs may provide new capabilities or significant performance enhancement (reported separately), which led to prioritization of several applications for detailed analysis. The applications prioritized were: cargo screening and interdiction of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), detection of hidden SNM, treaty/dismantlement verification, and spent fuel dry storage cask content verification. High resolution imaging for stockpile stewardship was considered as a sub-area of the treaty topic, as it is also of interest for future treaty use. This report presents higher-fidelity calculations and modeling results to quantitatively evaluate the prioritized applications, and to derive the key MPS properties that drive application benefit. Simulations focused on the conventional signatures of radiography, photofission, and NRF to enable comparison to present methods and evaluation of benefit.
Evaluation of the effect of vitamin A-fortified margarine on the vitamin A status of preschool Filipino children. (1996)

Consumption of VA-fortified margarine significantly improved VA status of preschool Filipino children.
Clonal hematopoiesis in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (2021)

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have emerged as an efficacious modality in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a state in which mutations in hematopoietic cells give rise to a clonal population of cells, is more common in patients exposed to cytotoxic therapies, has been shown to influence inflammatory immune programs, and is associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with NHL and MM receiving autologous transplantation. We therefore hypothesized that CHIP could influence clinical outcomes in patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy. In a cohort of 154 patients with NHL or MM receiving CAR T-cells, we found that CHIP was present in 48% of patients and associated with increased rates of complete response and cytokine release syndrome severity, but only in patients younger than age 60 years. Despite these differences, CHIP was not associated with a difference in progression-free or overall survival, regardless of age. Our data suggest that CHIP can influence CAR T-cell biology and clinical outcomes, but, in contrast to autologous transplantation, CHIP was not associated with worse survival and should not be a reason to exclude individuals from receiving this potentially life-prolonging treatment.
P4‐213: ORAL ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT OF THE AMYLOID‐β OLIGOMER ELIMINATING COMPOUND PRI‐002 BY CONJUGATION WITH FOLIC ACID (2018)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a central role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with Aβ oligomers representing the most toxic species. The all-D-enantiomeric peptide PRI-002, currently in clinical phase I, specifically eliminates Aβ oligomers in vitro as well as in vivo and improves cognition in various transgenic AD mouse models even after oral administration. To further enhance oral absorption of PRI-002, folic acid has been conjugated enabling an uptake mediated by the folate receptor alpha (FRα) located in the colon and rectum. Fol-PRI-002 is designed as prodrug with folic acid being cleaved after intestinal absorption releasing unmodified PRI-002 in order to enable PRI-002’s unaltered systemic efficacy. Cleavage of the conjugate was examined by HPLC and MS in vitro in media simulating the gastrointestinal tract, blood and liver as well as in vivo in blood samples taken after intravenous injection in mice. The permeability of the conjugate compared to unconjugated PRI-002 was investigated in a FRα expressing cell model of the intestinal barrier. Fol-PRI-002 remained stable in simulated gastric fluid and was only slowly metabolized to PRI-002 in simulated intestinal fluid within hours enabling the oral administration of the prodrug. Folic acid has also been cleaved upon incubation with liver microsomes and blood as well as in vivo after i.v. injection leading to a systemic release of PRI-002. The intestinal permeability of Fol-PRI-002 was sevenfold enhanced compared to unmodified PRI-002 demonstrating the prodrug's functionality. These experiments indicate that conjugation with folic acid is advantageous for intestinal absorption of PRI-002 and that the conjugated folic acid is systemically cleavable enabling an unaltered drug efficacy.
Adaptive optimisation of a generalised phase contrast beam shaping system (2014)

The generalised phase contrast (GPC) method provides versatile and efficient light shaping for a range of applications. We have implemented a generalised phase contrast system that used two passes on a single spatial light modulator (SLM). Both the pupil phase distribution and the phase contrast filter were generated by the SLM. This provided extra flexibility and control over the parameters of the system including the phase step magnitude, shape, radius and position of the filter. A feedback method for the on-line optimisation of these properties was also developed. Using feedback from images of the generated light field, it was possible to dynamically adjust the phase filter parameters to provide optimum contrast.
Gold-Ceramic Thin Films: The New Gold Standard. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Ambulatory Extended Recovery: Safely Transitioning to Overnight Observation for Minimally Invasive Prostatectomy (2015)

The ambulatory extended recovery program successfully transitioned most patients to a 1-night hospital stay without resulting in an increased rate of readmission or urgent care visits.
Optical frequency standard using acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (2015)

Gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers are used to stabilize a fiber laser to the 13C2H2 P(16) (ν1+ν3) transition at 1542 nm using saturated absorption. Four hollow-core fibers with different crystal structure are compared in terms of long term lock-point repeatability and fractional frequency instability. The locked fiber laser shows a fractional frequency instability below 4 × 10(-12) for averaging time up to 10(4) s. The lock-point repeatability over more than 1 year is 1.3 × 10(-11), corresponding to a standard deviation of 2.5 kHz. A complete experimental investigation of the light-matter interaction between the spatial modes excited in the fibers and the frequency of the locked laser is presented. A simple theoretical model that explains the interaction is also developed.
Mice lacking ANGPTL8 (Betatrophin) manifest disrupted triglyceride metabolism without impaired glucose homeostasis (2013)

Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)8 (alternatively called TD26, RIFL, Lipasin, and Betatrophin) is a newly recognized ANGPTL family member that has been implicated in both triglyceride (TG) and glucose metabolism. Hepatic overexpression of ANGPTL8 causes hypertriglyceridemia and increased insulin secretion. Here we examined the effects of inactivating Angptl8 on TG and glucose metabolism in mice. Angptl8 knockout (Angptl8(-/-)) mice gained weight more slowly than wild-type littermates due to a selective reduction in adipose tissue accretion. Plasma levels of TGs of the Angptl8(-/-) mice were similar to wild-type animals in the fasted state but paradoxically decreased after refeeding. The lower TG levels were associated with both a reduction in very low density lipoprotein secretion and an increase in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Despite the increase in LPL activity, the uptake of very low density lipoprotein-TG is markedly reduced in adipose tissue but preserved in hearts of fed Angptl8(-/-) mice. Taken together, these data indicate that ANGPTL8 plays a key role in the metabolic transition between fasting and refeeding; it is required to direct fatty acids to adipose tissue for storage in the fed state. Finally, glucose and insulin tolerance testing revealed no alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice fed either a chow or high fat diet. Thus, although absence of ANGPTL8 profoundly disrupts TG metabolism, we found no evidence that it is required for maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
A General Method for Acylation of Indoles at the 3-Position with Acyl Chlorides in the Presence of Dialkylaluminum Chloride (2000)

[reaction--see text] Indoles are selectively acylated at the 3-position in high yields on treatment with a wide variety of acyl chlorides in CH(2)Cl(2) in the presence of diethylaluminum chloride or dimethylaluminum chloride. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is applicable to indoles bearing various functional groups without NH protection.