gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of LTB4 and LTD4 on leukocyte emigration into the guinea pig conjunctiva. (1988)

Leukotrienes (LT) B4 and D4, alone and in combination, were topically applied to the eyes of guinea pigs, and their effects on conjunctival leukocyte infiltration studied. LTD4 potentiated the neutrophil response to LTB4, even though no neutrophil emigration was evoked by LTD4 itself over a dose range of 10-1000 ng. LTB4 alone at the 1-ng and 10-ng doses failed to evoke any leukocyte emigration, but significant numbers of neutrophils were observed at these concentrations when LTD4 (1-1000 ng) was present. Although a dose-dependent increase in neutrophil infiltration was observed for the 100-ng and 1000-ng doses of LTB4, cell counts were substantially higher with these doses in the presence of LTD4. Eosinophil numbers increased in a dose-related manner in response to LTB4 and LTD4 alone, with a greater response to LTD4. The addition of either 10 ng or 100 ng of LTB4 to graded doses of LTD4 (10-1000 ng) caused increased eosinophil numbers, the lower dose of LTB4 potentiating the response to LTD4 and the higher LTB4 dose showing no significant effect. The effects on leukocyte infiltration that were evoked by the LT combinations could not be explained simply on the basis of an increase in vascular permeability. Bradykinin (BK), a potent conjunctival microvascular permeability factor that does not elicit any leukocyte infiltration, did not significantly potentiate LTB4-induced eosinophil or neutrophil emigration. The synergistic effects of LTs on leukocyte emigration are also difficult to ascribe to hyperemia (ie, increased blood volume in the conjunctiva), because both LTB4 and LTD4 caused only very modest increases in conjunctival blood content, and BK, which did not potentiate the leukocytic responses to LTB4, caused marked increases in tissue blood content. High-dose LT combinations caused eosinophils, but not neutrophils, to migrate into the conjunctival epithelium and fragment, resulting in overt tissue damage. These results further suggest a synergistic interaction between LTB4 and LTD4 that directly alters leukocyte function. The relevance of these observations to a number of disease and trauma states is discussed.
Multi-Metal Modified Layered Double Hydroxides for Cr(VI) and Fluoride Ion Adsorption in Single and Competitive Systems: Experimental and Mechanism Studies (2020)

Different metal cation (Co2+, Fe2+, La3+, and Zn2+)-doped layered double hydroxides (LDHs), yielded CoMgAl-LDH, FeMgAl-LDH, MgAlLa-LDH, and ZnMgAl-LDH, respectively. The four LDHs synthesized from same molar ratio of MII:MIII had different adsorption capacities toward Cr(VI) and fluoride (F−). Single and competitive adsorption kinetic and isotherms of Cr (VI) and F− were studied. For each LDH, the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was higher compared with F− in single adsorption, which confirmed that the LDHs were more selective for Cr(VI) adsorption. In single adsorption, CoMgAl-LDH achieved the best sorption capacity for F− and Cr(VI) removal, reaching 38.01 and 59.27 mg/g, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of CoMgAl-LDH to Cr(VI) and F− was 39.33 and 13.46 mg/g in competitive adsorption. Various experimental parameters, such as pH, contact time, concentration of coexisting anions, and anion (F− and Cr(VI)) addition order were investigated in competitive adsorption system. Cr(VI) and F− competed for active sites during adsorption and the affinity of Cr(VI) to LDHs was stronger compared with F−. Co-doped method is a valid method to improve adsorption performance of the LDHs.
Selective synthesis of propenyl‐branched diunsaturated fatty esters via catalytic codimerization of ethyl linoleate and propylene (2015)

A bimetallic catalyst system consisting of RhCl 3 and Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 efficiently promotes the conversion of ethyl linoleate selectively to mono‐propenylated diunsaturated products. The reaction proceeds in high yields under mild conditions. The key advantage of the new process is that it is based on the readily available linoleate rather than a preformed conjuenic acid ester. Practical applications: The new protocol opens up a high yielding and environmentally friendly method for the introduction of side chains with a defined length into fatty acid derivatives. The products are of profound potential interest for industrial applications, e.g., in lubricants, cosmetics, plastics, and coatings, as branched fatty acids are known to have a lower solidifying point and viscosity and an increased solubility than their linear counterparts. Rh/Pd‐catalyzed selective conversion of ethyl linoleate to mono‐propenylated diunsaturated products under mild conditions.
Mechanism of formation of Grignard reagents. Corrosion of metallic magnesium by alkyl halides in ethers (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of formation of Grignard reagents. Corrosion of metallic magnesium by alkyl halides in ethersCraig L. Hill, John B. Vander Sande, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 1020–1028Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01294a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views624Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis (2015)

3.
Measuring the added high frequency energy in compressed video (2005)

A major focus of video quality assessment research has been to quantify the amount of blocking, blurring, and ringing impairments. However, little attention has been paid to another impairment common in motion-compensated video compression systems: the addition of high frequency (HF) energy as motion compensation moves blocking artifacts off block boundaries. In this paper, we employ an energy-based approach to measure this motion-compensated edge artifact (MCEA) impairment, using both compressed bitstream information and decoded pixels. Experimental results show that we can accurately estimate the percentage of this energy in compressed video.
Aptamere als Therapeutika und als Werkzeuge zur Wirkstoffsuche. Nukleinsäuren im Drug Discovery Prozess (2007)

Kombinatorische biochemische Methoden ermöglichen die Identifikation von Nukleinsäuren, so genannten Aptameren, die hoch affin und spezifisch an Zielmoleküle binden und deren biologische Funktionen effektiv inhibieren. Deshalb repräsentieren Aptamere eine viel versprechende Klasse neuartiger Therapeutika. Untermauert wird dies vor allem durch die Zulassung von Pegaptanib (Macugen) zur Behandlung der altersbedingten Makuladegeneration (AMD), dem ersten Aptamer-basierten Medikament. Die Aptamertechnologie eröffnet vielfältige Applikationsmöglichkeiten und neuere Arbeiten zeigen, dass sie auch bei der Identifikation niedermolekularer Wirkstoffe einen wertvollen Beitrag leisten kann.
A Convergent Construction of Quaternary Centres and Polycyclic Structures (2003)

International audience
Compactifying fracton stabilizer models (2019)

We investigate two-dimensional compactifications of three-dimensional fractonic stabilizer models. We find the two-dimensional topological phases produced as a function of compactification radius for the $X$-cube model and Haah's cubic code. Furthermore, we uncover translation symmetry enrichment in the compactified cubic code that leads to twisted boundary conditions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Low-Calcium Serum-Free Defined Medium Selects for Growth of Normal Prostatic Epithelial Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Low-Calcium Serum-Free Defined Medium Selects for Growth of Normal Prostatic Epithelial Stem Cells
The antimicrobial peptides and their potential clinical applications. (2019)

Nowadays, the bacterial drug resistance leads to serious healthy problem worldwide due to the long-term use and the abuse of traditional antibiotics result in drug resistance of bacteria. Finding a new antibiotic is becoming more and more difficult. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the host defense peptides with most of them being the cationic (positively charged) and amphiphilic (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) α-helical peptide molecules. The membrane permeability is mostly recognized as the well-accepted mechanism to describe the action of cationic AMPs. These cationic AMPs can bind and interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell membranes, leading to the change of the electrochemical potential on bacterial cell membranes, inducing cell membrane damage and the permeation of larger molecules such as proteins, destroying cell morphology and membranes and eventually resulting in cell death. These AMPs have been demonstrated to have their own advantages over the traditional antibiotics with a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activities including anti-bacteria, anti-fungi, anti-viruses, and anti-cancers, and even overcome bacterial drug-resistance. The natural AMPs exist in a variety of organisms and are not stable with a short half-life, more or less toxic side effects, and particularly may have severe hemolytic activity. To open the clinical applications, it is necessary and important to develop the synthetic and long-lasting AMP analogs that overcome the disadvantages of their natural peptides and the potential problems for the drug candidates.
CXCL17 Is a Major Chemotactic Factor for Lung Macrophages (2014)

Chemokines are a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines that direct the movement of cells throughout the body under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. The mucosal chemokine CXCL17 was the last ligand of this superfamily to be characterized. Several recent studies have provided greater insight into the basic biology of this chemokine and have implicated CXCL17 in several human diseases. We sought to better characterize CXCL17's activity in vivo. To this end, we analyzed its chemoattractant properties in vivo and characterized a Cxcl17 (-/-) mouse. This mouse has a significantly reduced number of macrophages in its lungs compared with wild-type mice. In addition, we observed a concurrent increase in a new population of macrophage-like cells that are F4/80(+)CDllc(mid). These results indicate that CXCL17 is a novel macrophage chemoattractant that operates in mucosal tissues. Given the importance of macrophages in inflammation, these observations strongly suggest that CXCL17 is a major regulator of mucosal inflammatory responses.
A De-Compositional Approach to Regular Expression Matching for Network Security (2019)

Regular Expression (RegEx) matching is the industry standard for Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) because RegExes are significantly more expressive than strings. To achieve high matching speed, we need to convert the RegExes to Deterministic Finite State Automata (DFA). However, DFA has the state explosion problem, that is, the number of DFA states and transitions can be exponential with the number of RegExes. Much work has addressed the DFA state explosion problem; however, none has met all the requirements of fast and automated construction, small memory image, and high matching speed. In this paper, we propose a decompositional approach, with fast and automated construction, small memory image, and high matching speed, to DFA state explosion. The first key idea is to decompose a complex RegEx that cause exponential state increases into a set of simpler RegExes that do not cause exponential state increases, where any character string that matches the complex RegEx also matches all the RegExes in the set of simpler RegExes; that is, the set of strings that match the complex RegEx is a subset of strings that match the set of simpler RegExes. The second key idea is to use a stateful post-processing engine to filter the matches that are actually the matches of the complex RegEx. Given an input string for matching, instead of using the large DFA constructed from the original complex RegEx to perform the matching, we first use the small DFA constructed from the set of simpler RegExes to perform the matching, and then, if the small DFA reports a match, we use the post-processing engine to determine whether it is a true match to the original complex RegEx. Because the pre-processing is simple, automaton construction can be automated and fast, and because most on-line processing is done by a DFA, its matching speed is close to that of a DFA alone. Our experimental results show that our decompositional approach achieves orders of magnitude faster DFA construction (in terms of seconds instead of minutes), 30 times smaller memory image, and 43% faster matching speeds, than state-of-the-art software based RegEx matching algorithms.
Immunological effects among workers who handle engineered nanoparticles (2017)

Even at low ENP exposure, increases in three cytokines were significant over the week for those who handled nanoparticles, compared with those who did not. However, exposure to low and transient levels of nanoparticles was insufficient, to trigger measurable changes in spirometry, FeNO, CRP or blood cell counts.
Resource Study of Large-Scale Electric Water Heater Aggregation (2020)

Residential-scale distributed energy assets, like residential electric water heaters, individually present a negligible load to the power grid. When aggregated, however, these assets can impart significant effects within a balancing area; they may be dispatched en masse to provide grid services. An aggregation of water heaters may be controlled to assume generator-like functions with the ability to effectively “decrement power” through dispatch of load. This resource study examines the capabilities of a 10,000 unit water heater aggregation by subjecting the aggregate to dispatch requests of various size and duration, then analyzing how the aggregate responds to and recovers from these requests. Results show that a large-scale aggregation of electric water heaters may effectively decrement power on the scale of megawatts when the dispatch request size and duration are appropriately considered.
Iron–sulfur biology invades tRNA modification: the case of U34 sulfuration (2021)

Sulfuration of uridine 34 in the anticodon of tRNAs is conserved in the three domains of life, guaranteeing fidelity of protein translation. In eubacteria, it is catalyzed by MnmA-type enzymes, which were previously concluded not to depend on an iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster. However, we report here spectroscopic and iron/sulfur analysis, as well as in vitro catalytic assays and site-directed mutagenesis studies unambiguously showing that MnmA from Escherichia coli can bind a [4Fe-4S] cluster, which is essential for sulfuration of U34-tRNA. We propose that the cluster serves to bind and activate hydrosulfide for nucleophilic attack on the adenylated nucleoside. Intriguingly, we found that E. coli cells retain s2U34 biosynthesis in the ΔiscUA ΔsufABCDSE strain, lacking functional ISC and SUF [Fe-S] cluster assembly machineries, thus suggesting an original and yet undescribed way of maturation of MnmA. Moreover, we report genetic analysis showing the importance of MnmA for sustaining oxidative stress.
Broadband Fully Integrated GaN Power Amplifier With Embedded Minimum Inductor Bandpass Filter and AM–PM Compensation (2019)

In this letter, we present a design technique for broadband linearized fully integrated GaN power amplifiers (PAs). The minimum inductor bandpass filter structure is used as the output matching network to achieve low loss and high out-of-band attenuation. Two parallel transistors with unbalanced gate biases are used to mitigate nonlinearity of their transconductance and input capacitance, and consequently, compensate AM-PM distortion of the PA. A fully integrated GaN PA prototype provides 35.1-38.9-dBm output power and 40%-55% power-added efficiency (PAE) in 2.0-4.0 GHz. For a 64-QAM signal with 8-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and 100-MHz bandwidth at 2.4 GHz, average output power of 32.7 dBm and average PAE of 31% are measured with -30.2-dB error vector magnitude (EVM).
Federated Semi-Supervised Learning for COVID Region Segmentation in Chest CT using Multi-National Data from China, Italy, Japan (2020)

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has led to urgent needs for reliable diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a complimentary tool, chest CT has been shown to be able to reveal visual patterns characteristic for COVID-19, which has definite value at several stages during the disease course. To facilitate CT analysis, recent efforts have focused on computer-aided characterization and diagnosis, which has shown promising results. However, domain shift of data across clinical data centers poses a serious challenge when deploying learning-based models. In this work, we attempt to find a solution for this challenge via federated and semi-supervised learning. A multi-national database consisting of 1704 scans from three countries is adopted to study the performance gap, when training a model with one dataset and applying it to another. Expert radiologists manually delineated 945 scans for COVID-19 findings. In handling the variability in both the data and annotations, a novel federated semi-supervised learning technique is proposed to fully utilize all available data (with or without annotations). Federated learning avoids the need for sensitive data-sharing, which makes it favorable for institutions and nations with strict regulatory policy on data privacy. Moreover, semi-supervision potentially reduces the annotation burden under a distributed setting. The proposed framework is shown to be effective compared to fully supervised scenarios with conventional data sharing instead of model weight sharing.
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptors on Cultured Endothelial Cells* (1991)

Cultured pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells possess specific high affinity receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). CPAE cells were used to investigate the regulation of ANP receptors by glucocorticoids. Treatment of CPAE cells with dexamethasone (1 microM) produced a 69.3 +/- 23% (P less than 0.01) increase in the maximum binding of [125I]ANP to CPAE cells without affecting the affinity of binding. The EC50 for the dexamethasone effect was approximately or equal to 0.5 nM, with a maximum effect at 10 nM. The effect was time dependent and developed over 16-72 h, and it could be inhibited by cycloheximide (0.075 micrograms/ml), indicating a requirement for de novo protein synthesis. The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 completely inhibited the dexamethasone effect. In affinity cross-linking experiments, dexamethasone increased the labelling of the ANP-R2, or clearance, receptor, whereas labeling of the ANP-R1 receptor could not be detected. Despite the increase in maximum binding, dexamethasone treatment produced a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the ANP-stimulated cyclic GMP response of CPAE cells and no change in the affinity of binding for the truncated ANP analog, atriopeptin I. These results indicate that the dexamethasone effect is mediated through glucocorticoid receptors and may be selective for the nonguanylate cyclase-coupled, or ANP-R2, receptor subtype. This study provides direct evidence for regulation of ANP receptors by steroid hormones.
Theoretical Study of 1,2-Hydride Shift Associated with the Isomerization of Glyceraldehyde to Dihydroxy Acetone by Lewis Acid Active Site Models (2011)

The isomerization of glyceraldehyde to dihydroxy acetone catalyzed by the active site of Sn-beta zeolite is investigated using the B3LYP density functional and MP2 levels of theory. Structural studies were aimed to understanding the binding modes of glyceraldehyde with the active site, and the detailed free energy landscape was computed for the isomerization process. The rate-limiting step for the isomerization is the 1,2-hydride shift, which is enhanced by the active participation of the hydroxyl group in the hydrolyzed Sn-beta active site analogues to the one seen in the xylose isomerase. On the basis of the assessment of the activation barriers for isomerization by the Sn, Zr, Ti, and Si zeolite models, the activity of the catalysts are in the order of Sn > Zr > Ti > Si in aqueous dielectric media.
High‐Tg Thiol‐Click Thermoset Networks via the Thiol‐Maleimide Michael Addition (2016)

Thiol-click reactions lead to polymeric materials with a wide range of interesting mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. However, this reaction mechanism typically results in bulk materials with a low glass transition temperature (Tg ) due to rotational flexibility around the thioether linkages found in networks such as thiol-ene, thiol-epoxy, and thiol-acrylate systems. This report explores the thiol-maleimide reaction utilized for the first time as a solvent-free reaction system to synthesize high-Tg thermosetting networks. Through thermomechanical characterization via dynamic mechanical analysis, the homogeneity and Tg s of thiol-maleimide networks are compared to similarly structured thiol-ene and thiol-epoxy networks. While preliminary data show more heterogeneous networks for thiol-maleimide systems, bulk materials exhibit Tg s 80 °C higher than other thiol-click systems explored herein. Finally, hollow tubes are synthesized using each thiol-click reaction mechanism and employed in low- and high-temperature environments, demonstrating the ability to withstand a compressive radial 100 N deformation at 100 °C wherein other thiol-click systems fail mechanically.
CRDS with a VECSEL for broad-band high sensitivity spectroscopy in the 2.3 μm window (2016)

The integration of an industry ready packaged Sb-based Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting-Laser (VECSEL) into a Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (CRDS) is presented. The instrument operates in the important 2.3 μm atmospheric transparency window and provides a high sensitivity (minimum detectable absorption of 9 × 10(-11) cm(-1)) over a wide spectra range. The VECSEL performances combine a large continuous tunability over 120 cm(-1) around 4300 cm(-1) together with a powerful (∼5 mW) TEM00 diffraction limited beam and linewidth at MHz level (for 1 ms of integration time). The achieved performances are illustrated by high sensitivity recordings of the very weak absorption spectrum of water vapor in the region. The developed method gives potential access to the 2-2.7 μm range for CRDS.