gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and critical current density of zone melt textured YBa2Cu3O6 + with Y2BaCuO5 additions (1991)

Extruded wires of YBa2Cu3O6 + x With Y2BaCuO5 (211) additions were zone melted to produce textured microstructures. Excess 211 was introduced in order to observe its effect on the transport properties and the microstructure. Highly aligned microstructures can be produced with a−b planes oriented along the axis of the wires. 211 additions appear to modify the microstructure, with YBCO platelet thickness decreasing with increasing 211 additions. Magnetization and transport measurements show a decrease in Jc with increasing 211 additions.
Supplementary Methods from Targeting DNA Damage Repair Functions of Two Histone Deacetylases, HDAC8 and SIRT6, Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia to NAMPT Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Initial design with L2Monge-Kantorovich theory for the Monge–Ampère equation method of freeform optics (2014)

The Monge–Ampère (MA) equation arising in illumination design is highly nonlinear so that the convergence of the MA method is strongly determined by the initial design. We address the initial design of the MA method in this paper with the L2 Monge-Kantorovich (LMK) theory, and introduce an efficient approach for finding the optimal mapping of the LMK problem. Three examples, including the beam shaping of collimated beam and point light source, are given to illustrate the potential benefits of the LMK theory in the initial design. The results show the MA method converges more stably and faster with the application of the LMK theory in the initial design.
Objective Calibration of Bone Conductors Using Otoacoustic Emissions (1999)

Bone conductors can be accurately calibrated on an individual basis with good repeatability using DPOAEs. The technique is robust and offers an objective, noninvasive calibration method for research and specialized clinical applications. No training and only passive cooperation are required, making the procedure ideal for special groups such as children. A number of limitations will reduce the clinical utility of this technique. Important audiometric frequencies below 1 kHz cannot be tested because of noise, because individuals with significant hearing loss are unlikely to produce sufficient DPOAEs, and because commercial bone conductors typically have poor high-frequency response above 4 kHz.
Resource-Efficient Object-Recognition Coprocessor With Parallel Processing of Multiple Scan Windows in 65-nm CMOS (2017)

Object recognition offers a more general implementation for vision-based applications. This paper reports a resource-efficient recognition coprocessor with embedded cell-based simplified speeded up robust feature descriptor extraction unit and parallel scan-window (SW) recognition engine, applicable for various mobile scenarios and image sensor types. The feature extraction circuitry with pixel-based pipelined architecture describes the target objects among complex backgrounds, only relying on the pixel frequency from the image sensor. A cell-based SW algorithm enables parallelized recognition in multiple SWs and compatibility to different image sizes. The proposed hardware-friendly object-recognition coprocessor was implemented in 65-nm Silicon on thin BOX CMOS technology with 1.26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> core area and can operate down to low supply voltage of 0.5 V. For video graphics array image sizes, the energy efficiency is determined as 910 μJ per frame at 200 MHz and 1-V supply voltage. The coprocessor's classification performance is demonstrated for pedestrian and car detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides as Mimics for the Constrained Conformation of Structural Analogues of HIV Protease Inhibitors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An ethnic predilection for fetal echogenic intracardiac focus identified during targeted midtrimester ultrasound examination: A retrospective review (2004)

Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) has been identified as a common ultrasound finding in association with fetal aneuploidy. Little is known about the association of this soft marker aneuploidy in various ethnic groups. Although it is commonly thought Asians in general have a higher incidence of EIF, it is unknown whether this also applies to Japanese as a subpopulation. The purpose of this study is to determine the antenatal incidence and postnatal significance of EIF observed during sonography in Japanese patients. A cohort of Japanese patients who underwent ultrasound screening from 1997 to 1999 in the ultrasound unit at the New York University School of Medicine was identified. Variables included age, gestational age, serum markers, and the presence or absence of aneuploidy. Patients with first degree paternal or maternal Japanese ancestry were included for analysis. Examinations were performed between 14 and 24 weeks gestation. The prevalence of EIF was calculated. The control group was based on previously published data in the U.S (7.3% prevalence). A total of 154 subjects were identified, 148 were available for final analysis. Twenty-two fetuses had an EIF, 19 (86.4%) left-sided, 3 (13.6%) right-sided. Seventeen patients had other sonographic markers associated with aneuploidy. The mean maternal age at diagnosis was 30.7 ± 3.9 years and the mean gestational age was 19.8 ± 1.6 weeks. The prevalence of EIF was 14.8%. Compared to published population prevalence, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005). No abnormal karyotypes were found. Asians of Japanese origin may have a higher prevalence of echogenic intracardiac foci, thus affecting the positive predictive value of this sonographic marker for aneuploidy.
Identification of non-mutated neoantigens presented by TAP-deficient tumors (2018)

Most T cell-based immunotherapies of cancer depend on intact antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules (HLA-I). However, defects in the antigen-processing machinery can cause downregulation of HLA-I, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Previously, we demonstrated that a unique category of cancer antigens is selectively presented by tumor cells deficient for the peptide transporter TAP, enabling a specific attack of such tumors without causing immunopathology in mouse models. With a novel combinatorial screening approach, we now identify 16 antigens of this category in humans. These HLA-A*02:01 presented peptides do not derive from the mutanome of cancers, but are of "self" origin and therefore constitute universal neoantigens. Indeed, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for the leader peptide of the ubiquitously expressed LRPAP1 protein recognized TAP-deficient, HLA-I<sup>low</sup> lymphomas, melanomas, and renal and colon carcinomas, but not healthy counterparts. In contrast to personalized mutanome-targeted therapies, these conserved neoantigens and their cognate receptors can be exploited for immune-escaped cancers across diverse histological origins.
Towards development of a statistical framework to evaluate myotonic dystrophy type 1 mRNA biomarkers in the context of a clinical trial (2020)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare genetic disorder, characterised by muscular dystrophy, myotonia, and other symptoms. DM1 is caused by the expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3'-untranslated region of DMPK. Longer CTG expansions are associated with greater symptom severity and earlier age at onset. The primary mechanism of pathogenesis is thought to be mediated by a gain of function of the CUG-containing RNA, that leads to trans-dysregulation of RNA metabolism of many other genes. Specifically, the alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) of many genes is known to be disrupted. In the context of clinical trials of emerging DM1 treatments, it is important to be able to objectively quantify treatment efficacy at the level of molecular biomarkers. We show how previously described candidate mRNA biomarkers can be used to model an effective reduction in CTG length, using modern high-dimensional statistics (machine learning), and a blood and muscle mRNA microarray dataset. We show how this model could be used to detect treatment effects in the context of a clinical trial.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: faecal occult blood tests show lower colorectal cancer detection rates in the proximal colon in colonoscopy‐verified diagnostic studies (2016)

Faecal occult blood tests, both guaiac- and immunochemical-based, show better diagnostic performance for the relative detection of colorectal cancer in the distal colon than in the proximal bowel.
Gait assessment with solesound instrumented footwear in spinal muscular atrophy (2016)

These results suggest that footwear-based devices are an alternative to specialized equipment for gait assessment. Better understanding of gait disturbances should inform ongoing treatment efforts and provide a more sensitive outcome measure. Muscle Nerve 56: 230-236, 2017.
Mitigating low-frequency sound with tunable acoustic chimneys. (2008)

A way to absorb and filter low-frequency sound that is generated by sound sources in one or more enclosures is described. A sound generating room is encapsulated within an outer acoustic absorbing room that contains various openings to several acoustic ducts. The acoustic ducts function as an acoustic waveguide to the open air. At each end of the acoustic duct is an impedance matching tapered acoustic horn. In the sound generating room the horn serves as an acoustic absorber that tapers sound into the acoustic duct. At the opposite end, the horn serves as an acoustic radiator of sound energy to the open air. Both radiator and absorbers may be tuned to transmit frequencies past a certain cutoff. The effect is similar to a pressure release valve. The acoustic waveguides may be coupled to tunable passive or active noise mitigation devices such as Helmholtz resonators and low-frequency noise sources that utilize phase information.
Phosphorylated osteopontin promotes migration of human choriocarcinoma cells via a p70 S6 kinase‐dependent pathway (2005)

This study examined the role of osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated secreted glycoprotein, in the promotion of trophoblastic cell migration, an early event in the embryo implantation process. Three human choriocarcinoma cell lines, namely JAR, BeWo, and JEG-3, were treated with variants of OPN differing in the extent of phosphorylation following sequential dephosphorylation with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and their migratory response was measured. The highly phosphorylated human milk form of OPN (OPN-1) strongly triggered migration in all three cell lines, whereas the less phosphorylated variants, OPN-2a and OPN-2b, failed to stimulate migration. JAR cell migration in response to OPN-1 was accompanied by a rapid rearrangement of actin filaments to the cellular membrane. Using broad spectrum protein kinase profiling, we identified p70 S6 kinase as a major signal transduction pathway activated by OPN-1 during the migratory response in JAR cells. Activation was blocked completely by rapamycin and LY294002, thus demonstrating that OPN-1-stimulated migration occurs through mTOR and PI3K pathways, respectively. Conversely, PD98059 did not affect the activation of p70 S6 kinase by OPN-1, therefore, this response does not involve the Ras/ MAPK signaling cascade. Together, these data show that the highly phosphorylated human OPN-1 can stimulate trophoblastic cell migration and provides evidence for the involvement of the PI3K/mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway in the JAR cells response. Because both OPN and TRAP are expressed in the uterus during early pregnancy, it is conceivable that extracellular phosphatases such as TRAP may modify OPN charge state and thus modulate cell migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amidocarbonylation ‐ A New, Efficient Synthesis of N‐Acyl Amino Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ITER-Tag: An Adaptable Framework for Robust Uncoded Fiducial Marker Detection and Identification (2022)

Fiducial marker-based tracking is an effective method for pose estimation in coffined environments, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for marker detection and identification that is moderately robust to occlusion, even while using a relatively small number of marks. The proposed approach (ITER-Tag) consists of a hybrid pipeline that extracts marker candidates from images using classical methods and identifies uncoded markers using a shallow feed forward neural network. The method requires minimal parameter tuning, data collection and annotation. The methods can be easily adapted to different use cases with varying number and positions of the marks. We test the robustness of our approach in three different use cases in ITER’s divertor, using either retro reflective markers or laser engravings and achieve high detectability rates. We demonstrate how the proposed approach can be used to accurately and robustly retrieve the six-degree-of-freedom pose of the targets.
All-copper chip-to-substrate interconnects: Bonding, testing, and design for electrical performance and thermo-mechanical reliability (2008)

A novel fabrication process has been developed and characterized to create all-copper chip-to-substrate input/output (I/O) connections. Electroless copper plating followed by low temperature annealing in a nitrogen environment was used to create an all-copper bond between copper pillars. The bond strength for the all-copper structure exceeded 165 MPa after annealing at 180degC. During the anneal process, a significant microstructural transformation in the bonded copper-copper interface was observed. The changes were correlated to an increase in the bond strength. The process was characterized with respect to in-plane misalignment of bond sites. Significant planar misalignment, greater than the diameter of the pillars, could be tolerated. Through-plane mismatches between the pillars (pillar gap) as large as 65 mum could be overcome resulting in good pillar-to- pillar bonding. Successful silicon-on-FR4 bonding was achieved with no degradation of the organic board. The mechanical compliance and electrical performance of copper pillar chip-to-substrate interconnects has been modeled. The optimum pillar design is a trade-off between the mechanical compliance of the copper pillars and parasitic electrical effects. Copper pillars with a diameter of 48 mum to 100 mum and height of 508 mum to 657 mum are mechanically compliant and have parasitic inductance and capacitance less than 300 pH and 8.8 fF, respectively. A polymer collar improves the design space to 38 mum to 100 mum diameter and height from 441 mum to 617 mum.
Simultaneous sonochemical-enzymatic coating of medical textiles with antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles (2015)

The antimicrobial finishing is a must for production of medical textiles, aiming at reducing the bioburden in clinical wards and consequently decreasing the risk of hospital-acquired infections. This work reports for the first time on a simultaneous sonochemical/enzymatic process for durable antibacterial coating of cotton with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The novel technology goes beyond the "stepwise" concept we proposed recently for enzymatic pre-activation of the fabrics and subsequent sonochemical nano-coating, and is designed to produce "ready-to-use" antibacterial medical textiles in a single step. A multilayer coating of uniformly dispersed NPs was obtained in the process. The enzymatic treatment provides better adhesion of the ZnO NPs and, as a consequence, enhanced coating stability during exploitation. The NPs-coated cotton fabrics inhibited the growth of the medically relevant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively by 67% and 100%. The antibacterial efficiency of these textile materials resisted the intensive laundry regimes used in hospitals, though only 33% of the initially deposited NPs remained firmly fixed onto the fabrics after multiple washings.
Inhibition of an Aquatic Rhabdovirus Demonstrates Promise of a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Use in Aquaculture (2016)

Viral diseases in aquaculture are challenging because there are few preventative measures and/or treatments. Broad-spectrum antivirals are highly sought after and studied because they target common components of viruses. In our studies, we used LJ001, a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that specifically inhibits enveloped viruses. We used the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) as a model to study aquatic enveloped virus diseases and their inhibition. We demonstrated inhibition of IHNV by LJ001 both in cell culture as well as in live fish. Additionally, we showed that LJ001 inhibited the transmission of IHNV from infected fish to healthy fish, which lays the groundwork for using LJ001 as a possible therapeutic for aquatic viruses. Our results also suggest that virus inactivated by LJ001 induces an immune response, showing potential for future preventative (e.g., vaccine) applications.
Multichannel VSB-AM transmission system using super-wideband frequency modulator and demodulator ICs (2002)

Super-wideband FM modulator and demodulator ICs have been developed for multichannel VSB-AM transmission systems, and sensitivity improvement of 8 dB is demonstrated with the ICs. The ICs are promising for use in developing high-performance and cost-effective subcarrier multiplexed lightwave systems, such as optical fiber feeders for mobile radio or wireless applications, besides the CATV applications.
Novel Transceiver Design in Wideband Massive MIMO for Beam Squint Minimization (2022)

When using ultra-wideband (UWB) signaling on massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, the electromagnetic wave at each array element incurs an extra propagation delay comparable to (or larger than) the symbol duration, producing a shift in beam direction known as beam squint. The beam squinting problem degrades the array gain and reduces the system capacity. This letter proposes a novel transceiver design based on lens antenna subarray (LAS) and analog subband filters to compensate for the beam squinting effect. In particular, the proposed design aims to divide the UWB signal into narrowband beams and control them with a simplified exhaustive search-based precoding that is proposed to align the beam angle to the target direction. The design is analyzed in terms of beam gain, complexity, power consumption, and capacity, demonstrating significant performance enhancement with respect to the conventional system with uncompensated beam squinting problem.
Hormone (Dis)harmony Moulds Plant Health and Disease (2009)

Diseased plants often display phenotypes consistent with hormone perturbations. We review recent data that have revealed roles in plant-microbe interactions for cellular components and signaling molecules that previously were associated only with hormone signaling. A better understanding of cross-talk between hormonal and defense signaling pathways should reveal new potential targets for microbial effectors that attenuate host resistance mechanisms.
Faceted and Vertically Aligned GaN Nanorod Arrays Fabricated without Catalysts or Lithography (2005)

Monocrystalline, vertically aligned and faceted GaN nanorods with controlled diameter have been synthesized by selective organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) onto GaN exposed at the bottom of pores in silicon dioxide templates patterned by reactive ion etching through self-organized porous anodic alumina films. This process is free of foreign catalysts, and the nanorod diameter control is achieved without the need for low-throughput nanolithographic techniques. The use of conventional OMVPE growth conditions allows for the straightforward adaptation of conventional doping and heterostructure growth as will be necessary for the fabrication of nanorod-based strain-relaxed electrically pumped lasers and light-emitting diodes.
Reactions of N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric Acid (Chlorambucil) with 2‘-Deoxyadenosine (2003)

N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric acid (chlorambucil, 1; 0.6 mM) was allowed to react with 2‘-deoxyadenosine (16.1 mM) at physiological pH (cacodylic acid, 50% base), and the reactions were followed by HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS techniques. Although the predominant reaction observed was chlorambucil hydrolysis, ca. 7% of 1 reacted with various heteroatoms of the nucleoside. The principal site of alkylation was N1. Several other adducts were also detected. The N1, N6, N3, and N7 derivatives were characterized by means of MS/MS, UV, and 1H NMR. The N6 adduct is derived directly from alkylation of N6 of 2‘-dAdo. Dimroth rearrangement of the N1 adduct to the N6 adduct was very slow under the reaction conditions employed. Minor adducts such as a carbohydrate derivative were tentatively characterized by MS/MS. No cross-links were detected. The role of chlorambucil-2‘-deoxyadenosine adducts in the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of 1 is also discussed.
Task 5.10 -- Value-added coproducts. Semi-annual report, January 1--June 30, 1995 (1997)

Research focused on end-use products is needed to integrate value-added coproducts with power generation and to reduce escalating waste disposal costs by developing profit centers from recycling. Substantial public benefits can be derived from by-products utilization through conservation of energy and resources, reduction in gaseous emissions, and prevention of solid waste pollution. Continued research on carbon products under the base Cooperative Agreement addresses the central question of whether uniquely cost-effective activated carbons can be produced by taking advantage of the inherently porous and reactive structure of low-rank coals (LRCs). Carbon products will be evaluated in reference to their potential use in air toxics control and other applications. The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) designated value-added carbon as a product line, with the goal of developing superior carbon products at competitive prices for a range of applications, including SOx/NOx/air toxics adsorption, wastewater treatment, molecular sieves, catalyst supports, metallurgical and foundry carbons, and clean-burning solid fuels using EERC processes previously developed under the US Department of Energy (DOE) Mild Gasification program. The approach to be used in meeting specifications for marketable activated carbon products is to develop a fundamental understanding of the extent and quality of the porous surface needed to achieve rapid, high-capacity adsorption of pollutant gases or toxic metals and the processing conditions needed to transform coal and other raw materials into products possessing these superior properties.