gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GATA-6 Regulates Genes Promoting Synthetic Functions in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2005)

These data demonstrate that in VSMCs, GATA-6 regulates a set of genes associated with synthetic SMC functions and suggest that this transcriptional pathway may be independent from myocardin-induced SMC differentiation. An unbiased microarray screen of genes regulated by GATA-6 in VSMCs identified multiple genes involved in cell-cell signaling and cell-matrix interactions. The endothelin-1 and the AT1a receptor genes were shown to be direct GATA-6 target genes. These data suggest that GATA-6 plays a role in promoting synthetic functions in VSMCs.
Influence of metal coverage on transistor mismatch and variability in copper damascene based CMOS technologies (2010)

This paper summarizes a comprehensive study on the effect of asymmetrical metal coverage on matching performance for a 45 nm copper damascene based CMOS process. We demonstrate that random mismatch fluctuations are not affected by metal layout asymmetries and we provide valuable new insights about the magnitude of systematic mismatches that can be expected due to asymmetrical layouts and CMP tiling. For the first time we also present results on the impact of temperature increases on both systematic as well as random drain current mismatches.
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Opposing Effects of Toll-like Receptor (TLR3) Signaling in Tumors Can Be Therapeutically Uncoupled to Optimize the Anticancer Efficacy of TLR3 Ligands (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Opposing Effects of Toll-like Receptor (TLR3) Signaling in Tumors Can Be Therapeutically Uncoupled to Optimize the Anticancer Efficacy of TLR3 Ligands
Two-dimensional resolution improvement in standing wave microscopy using fast acousto-optic laser scanning (2009)

We present a versatile scheme for two-dimensional (2D) resolution enhancement in standing wave fluorescence microscopy (SWFM). This SWFM scheme consists of an interferometer, where both beams are focused at the back focal plane of the objective lens. Their position is controlled by a pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs). This results in two collimated beams that interfere in the focal plane, creating a lateral periodic excitation pattern with controlled fringe spacing and orientation. The phase of the standing wave (SW) pattern is controlled by the phase delay between two RF sinusoidal signals driving the AODs. An enlarged fluorescence image formed using the same objective lens is captured by a cooled CCD camera. Data collection involves acquiring images with excitation pattern of three equi-polar orientations (0°, 60° and 120°) and three different phases (0°, 120°, 240°) for each orientation. The SWFM image is algebraically reconstructed from these 9 acquired images. The SWFM image has enhanced 2D lateral resolution of about 100 nm with nearly isotropic effective point-spread function (PSF). As a result of the acousto-optic scanning, the total acquisition time can be as short as 100 &mu;s and is only further limited by the fluorescence intensity, as well as sensitivity and speed of the CCD camera. Utilizing acousto-optic laser scanning for advanced SWFM provides the exceptional precision and speed necessary for real-time imaging of subresolution processes in living biological systems.
Local detection of infections in heterogeneous networks (2015)

In many networks the operator is faced with nodes that report a potentially important phenomenon such as failures, illnesses, and viruses. The operator is faced with the question: Is it spreading over the network, or simply occurring at random? We seek to answer this question from highly noisy and incomplete data, where at a single point in time we are given a possibly very noisy subset of the infected population (including false positives and negatives). While previous work has focused on uniform spreading rates for the infection, heterogeneous graphs with unequal edge weights are more faithful models of reality. Critically, the network structure may not be fully known and modeling epidemic spread on unknown graphs relies on non-homogeneous edge (spreading) weights. Such heterogeneous graphs pose considerable challenges, requiring both algorithmic and analytical development. We develop an algorithm that can distinguish between a spreading phenomenon and a randomly occurring phenomenon while using only local information and not knowing the complete network topology and the weights. Further, we show that this algorithm can succeed even in the presence of noise, false positives and unknown graph edges.
Alteration of Rod and Cone Function in Children with Usher Syndrome (2010)

Full-field ERG during general anesthesia in children with Usher syndrome demonstrates variable phenotypes and different degrees in rate of progression during childhood.
Characterization of Different Forms of Kava (Piper methysticum) Products by UPLC-MS/MS (2021)

There are several forms of kava (<i>Piper methysticum</i>) products available for human consumption, and many factors are known to influence their chemical compositions and therefore their pharmacological properties. Because of the increased popularity of kava intake, a rigorous characterization of their content diversity is prerequisite, particularly due to its known potential to cause hepatotoxicity. To understand the composition diversity of kavalactones and flavokavains in commercial kava products, we developed a UPLC-MS/MS-based analytical method for the quantification of six kavalactones (kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, yangonin and desmethoxyyangonin) and two flavokavains (flavokavains A and B) and analyzed their contents in 28 different kava products in the form of capsules, tinctures, traditional aqueous suspensions and dried powders. Our results demonstrated a great variation in terms of the total and relative abundance of the analyzed kavalactones and flavokavains among the analyzed kava preparations. More importantly, the kavalactone abundance in the product label could differ up to 90% from our experimental measurements. Therefore, more rigorous and comprehensive quality control of kava products is required with respect to the content of individual kavalactones and flavokavains. Accurate content information is essential to understand the pharmacological properties and safety of different kava products.
Progress of Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers: Paradigm Shift for LiDAR Sensing and Laser Processing (2021)

Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are an unprecedented type of semiconductor laser that can achieve single longitudinal- and lateral-mode oscillation even over areas of millimeters in diameter. Their brightness, defined as power per unit area per unit solid angle, is expected to be increased up to the range of 1～10GWcm-2sr-1, which is comparable to those of gas lasers and fiber lasers. Also, PCSELs have additional functions, including the generation of beams with various patterns and polarizations, and they can even achieve electric two-dimensional beam scanning. Material systems for PCSELs are currently being expanded to not only InGaAs/GaAs (900-1000nm), but also InGaAsP/InP (1.3-1.55um) and even InGaN/GaN (400-530nm). LiDAR is discussed as one example of the applications of PCSELs. PCSELs will become a key light source in the forthcoming ultra-smart Society 5.0, which includes smart mobility and smart processing.
Development of natural gas reburning for control of NO sub x from municipal waste combustors (1991)

The Gas Research Institute (GRI) and the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), in cooperation with Riley Stoker Corporation (Riley), USA, and Takuma Company Ltd. (Takuma), Japan, have developed a gas reburn process for application to municipal waste combustors (MWCs). The reburn process is based on extensive full-scale MWC in-furnace characterization and furnace gas simulation experimental testing. The approach, based on the use of recirculated flue gas to inject and mix natural gas in the reburn zone and control the stoichiometry, was developed and tested in a pilot-scale MWC firing actual municipal waste at a rate of 5.5 metric tons/day. The furnace simulation and the pilot tests define the key process parameters and show that 50% to 70% NO{sub x} reduction can be achieved. A full-scale reburn system has been designed and retrofitted into a full-scale 100-ton/day commercial Riley/Takuma MWC. Field evaluation began in December 1990. This paper describes the results of the development studies and the plans for full-scale system testing. Although the results of full-scale testing are not available for inclusion in this transcript, they will be presented with conclusions at the conference. 2 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells: inhibition of growth, migration, and c-fos expression by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activator troglitazone (2000)

This study was conducted to determine whether cultured human coronary artery and aorta vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells express the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma); whether the thiazolidinedione troglitazone, a ligand for PPARgamma, would inhibit c-fos expression by these cells; and whether troglitazone would inhibit proliferation and migration induced in these cells by mitogenic growth factors. Using immunoblotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques, we show that both human aorta and coronary artery VSM cell lines expressed PPARgamma protein and mRNA for both PPARgamma isoforms, PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2. Immunocytochemical staining localized the PPARgamma protein primarily within the nucleus. Troglitazone inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner and downregulated the growth-factor-induced expression of c-fos. Troglitazone also inhibited the migration of coronary artery VSM cells along a platelet-derived growth factor-BB concentration gradient. These findings demonstrate for the first time the expression and nuclear localization of PPARgamma in human coronary artery and aorta VSM cells. The data also suggest that the downregulation of c-fos expression, growth-factor-induced proliferation, and migration by VSM may, in part, be mediated by activation of the PPARgamma receptor.
On The Experimental Verification Of The Numerical Simulation Based Inferences From Strain Distribution In Axisymmetric Drawn Sheet Metal Parts (2011)

Studies based on numerical simulations of axisymmetric parts showed that the scaleability of strain distribution as described above was limited to only about 60% geometric upscaling in conventional forming of a cylindrical part and to about 90% upscaling in hydroforming. These findings may be criticized as they amount to verification of the scaleability of the differential equations being solved.In this context experiments were performed on cylindrical sheet metal cups drawn to three different diameters keeping the draw ratio as well as the R/t ratio at the die entry and the punch nose constant. The meridional strain distribution was determined using GOM automatic strain measuring system. The strain distribution was fitted into a Fourier series and the variation of the Fourier coefficients with punch travel plotted for the three sizes investigated. This variation in the major Fourier coefficients was found to run parallel indicating scaleability of the strain distribution. An attempt was made to predict the strain distribution in the larger cup based on that in the smallest one.During the course of the simulation based studies, it was noticed that the sine coefficients show a sudden increase at imminent failure. This was borne out by the measured strain distribution using a uniaxial tensile sample and that from the deep drawn cups that failed during the experimentation.
Motion estimation of sparse, remotely-sensed fields (2002)

Sea surface temperature (SST) can be estimated from remotely-sensed images. Because of the sparsity of the available observation it is ideal to do estimation using dynamic methods (such as Kalman filtering). To model dynamics of SST accurately we need to know the motion of sea current. The traditional video motion estimation problem is straightforward, in some ways, because there are so few constraints. That is, the motion vectors are pretty much arbitrary, and successive image frames are densely pixellated, have the same number of pixels, with similar noise statistics. However there are many motion estimation problems, particularly in the area of remote sensing, which do not share these properties. In this paper we investigate the problem of determining the motion field of the sea surface, based on infrared measurements of surface temperature. This problem is challenging in that only a subset of the whole domain is measured at each point in time; specifically, only a few stripes are imaged. In addition, because of clouds, the measured subset varies from time to time. The quality (level of noise) can also vary from pixel to pixel. Our research is based on the following assumptions and observations: the motion field should be smooth and ideally divergence-free, i.e. the motion field is close to time-stationary. Based on these assumptions we choose to use optical flow method for this motion problem. We handle difficulty of data sparcity by pre-estimation to get a dense field. Pre-estimation can be refined by integrating this motion estimation result.
Targeting the cancer stroma with a fibroblast activation protein-activated promelittin protoxin (2009)

Fibroblast-Activation Protein-α (FAP) is a membrane-bound serine protease that is expressed on the surface of reactive stromal fibroblasts present within the majority of human epithelial tumors but is not expressed by normal tissues. FAP is a postprolyl peptidase that differs from other dipeptidyl prolyl peptidases such as diprolylpeptidase 4 in that it also has gelatinase and collagenase endopeptidase activity. Therefore, FAP represents a potential pan-tumor target whose enzymatic activity can be exploited for the intratumoral activation of prodrugs and protoxins. To evaluate FAP as a tumor-specific target, putative FAP-selective peptide protoxins were constructed through modification of the prodomain of melittin, a 26 amino acid amphipathic cytolytic peptide that is the main toxic component in the venom of the common European honeybee Apis milefera. Melittin is synthesized as promelittin, containing a 22 amino acid NH(2)-terminal prodomain rich in the amino acids proline and alanine. In this study, peptides containing truncated melittin prodomain sequences were tested on erythrocytes to determine the optimal prodomain length for inhibiting cytolytic activity. Once optimized, modified promelittin peptides were generated in which previously identified FAP substrate sequences were introduced into the prodomain. Peptide protoxins were identified that were efficiently activated by FAP and selectively toxic to FAP-expressing cell lines with an IC(50) value in the low micromolar range that is similar to melittin. Intratumoral injection of an FAP-activated protoxin produced significant lysis and growth inhibition of human breast and prostate cancer xenografts with minimal toxicity to the host animal.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE ANTIBIOTIC, (.+‐.)‐PYRIDINDOLOL (1978)

Abstract Tryptophanmethylester (I) wird nach Pictet‐Spengler mit dem Aldehyd (II) in siedendem Benzol zu dem Tetrahydro‐ β‐carbolin (III) kondensiert, das durch Dehydrierung und Reduktion in den Alkohol (V) übergeführt wird.
High-energy few-cycle pulses for relativistic laser-matter interaction: Status of the Petawatt Field Synthesizer (2017)

Summary form only given. The Petawatt Field Synthesizer (PFS) light source has been under development at the Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (Garching, Germany) for several years [1]. Its aim is to deliver few-cycle, waveform-controlled light pulses with unprecedented peak power at 10 Hz repetition rate from a compact (laboratory-scale) system.As a conclusion we report on the current performance of the system: The pump-laser chain delivers picosecond pulses with more than 1 J of pulse energy at the fundamental wavelength, which lead to more than 50 mJ output of the OPCPA chain (at 700-1400 nm) in a pulse that is compressible to below 7 fs pulse duration. After the long initial development phase, the PFS system is finally operated on a daily basis with the above parameters and is for the first time applied to the generation of high-harmonic radiation from a solid surface (SHHG) with the aim of generating intense isolated attosecond pulses.
Synchronization of cell death in a dinoflagellate population is mediated by an excreted thiol protease (2006)

Regulated programmed cell death (PCD) processes have been documented in several phytoplankton species and are hypothesized to play a role in population dynamics. However, the mechanisms leading to the coordinated collapse of phytoplankton blooms are poorly understood. We showed that the collapse of the annual bloom of Peridinium gatunense, an abundant dinoflagellate in Lake Kinneret, Israel, is initiated by CO2 limitation followed by oxidative stress that triggers a PCD-like cascade. We provide evidences that a protease excreted by senescing P. gatunense cells sensitizes younger cells to oxidative stress and may consequently trigger synchronized cell death of the population. Ageing of the P. gatunense cultures was characterized by a remarkable rise in DNA fragmentation and enhanced sensitivity to H2O2. Exposure of logarithmic phase (young) cultures to conditioning media from stationary phase (old) cells sensitized them to H2O2 and led to premature massive cell death. We detected the induction of specific extracellular protease activity, leupeptin-sensitive, in ageing cultures and in lake waters during the succession of the P. gatunense bloom. Partial purification of the conditioned media revealed that this protease activity is responsible for the higher susceptibility of young cells to oxidative stress. Inhibition of the protease activity lowered the sensitivity to oxidative stress, whereas application of papain to logarithmic phase P. gatunense cultures mimicked the effect of the spent media and enhanced cell death. We propose a novel mechanistic framework by which a population of unicellular phytoplankton orchestrates a coordinated response to stress, thereby determine the fate of its individuals.
Supplementary Data 2 from SLFN5 Regulates LAT1-Mediated mTOR Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNASeq_SLFN5 KO&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION BY REACTION OF ZIRCONIUM‐ISOPRENE COMPLEX WITH ALKENES, ALKYNES AND ALKADIENES (1981)

Abstract Die Umsetzungen des Zirkon‐Isopren‐Komplexes (I) mit Alkenen und Alkinen wird untersucht.
Inclusion complexes of EMPO derivatives with 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin: synthesis, NMR and EPR investigations for enhanced superoxide detection (2006)

The free radical trapping properties of eight 5-alkoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (EMPO) type nitrones and those of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) were evaluated for trapping of superoxide anion radicals in the presence of 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD). (1)H-NMR titrations were performed to determine both stoichiometries and binding constants for the diamagnetic nitrone-DM-beta-CD equilibria. EPR titrations were then performed and analyzed using a two-dimensional EPR simulation program affording 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 stoichiometries for the nitroxide spin adducts with DM-beta-CD and the associated binding constants after spin trapping. The nitroxide spin adducts associate more strongly with DM-beta-CD than the nitrones. The ability of the nitrones to trap superoxide, the enhancement of the EPR signal intensity and the supramolecular protection by DM-beta-CD against sodium L-ascorbate reduction were evaluated.
Figure S7 from A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7: Representative IHC staining of additional PD and SD tumors in pre-treatment and post-treatment timepoint from additional patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Modell einer isolierten Ventilation und Perfusion der Lunge nach Kältepräservation (2005)

Hintergrund: Die Lungentransplantation geht nach wie vor mit einer hohen postoperativen Mortalität einher. Dafür verantwortlich sind Schäden, welche während Kältepräservation, Ischämie und Reperfusion auftreten. Um diese Schäden auf Protein- und molekularer Ebene differenziert charakterisieren und therapeutische Maßnahmen entwickeln zu können, ist ein Modell von Vorteil, welches ex vivo nach Kältepräservation annähernd physiologische Verhältnisse imitiert. In diesem Modell werden Rattenlungen nach Kältepräservation isoliert ventiliert und perfundiert.
Energy paradigms of augmented tags for the Internet of Things deployment (2017)

This paper reviews and compares different techniques to collect more energy for passive UHF RFID Tags. The main objective is to allow the tags to embed new functions and provide more than identification. Such additional capture of energy transforms the simple tag into an augmented tag able to perform new functions such as sensing, channel diversity and much more.
Surface treatments of dielectric laser accelerators for increased laser-induced damage threshold (2019)

This paper describes two surface treatments for silicon dual-pillar dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs), which increase the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) and therefore the maximum achievable acceleration gradient. Hydrogen annealing reduces the surface roughness of the silicon pillars and mesa, making the LIDT less dependent on surface perturbations incurred during fabrication, as well as causing damage to occur at predictable locations. Hydrogen annealing decreases the range of the measured LIDT from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>5.3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>9.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10.2</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with 1960 nm 300 fs pulses. Additionally, 90 nm of low-stress silicon nitride film coating on the annealed DLA improves the damage fluence by 27%. Smoother interfaces, possibly combined with charge transfer from the pillars to the nitride coating, decrease the range of the LIDT and increase the damage fluence. The surface-treated DLAs accelerate 97 keV electrons with an acceleration gradient of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>178</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">M</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , an increase of 11% over the previous maximal gradient achieved with dual-pillar DLAs.