gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of the sensitivity of the somatotrophes to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) in the embryonic and posthatch chick. (1994)

The ontogeny of the in vitro growth hormone (GH) release after stimulation with thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) or growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) has been studied in two strains of chickens during the last week of embryonic development and the first week posthatch. Fourteen-day-old embryos did not yet respond to any of the stimuli applied, while the amplitude of the GH response to the different stimuli increased gradually from 18-day-old embryos to 1-day-old chicks. The evolution of the responses to both stimulating agents was parallel in the two strains of chickens, but the amplitude of the response was always higher in the rapidly growing broiler strain compared to the slowly growing layer strain. The highest GH response was at all stages obtained with the highest dose of GRF (100 nM). At a lower dose (10 nM), however, TRH seemed to be a more effective GH releasing agent than GRF at the posthatch stages.
Performance Improvement of Centrifugal Compressor Impellers by Optimizing Blade-Loading Distribution (2008)

The improvement of efficiency and operating range by optimizing blade-loading distribution of three-dimensional (3D) centrifugal compressor impellers is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses and performance tests. The design points of suction flow coefficients investigated in the present study were 0.05 and 0.073. Two design approaches for 3D impeller were employed: a conventional method and a newly developed one. In order to achieve higher efficiency and wider operating range, the blade loading and relative velocity distribution were optimized in the new design procedure. In addition, to clarify the performance improvement of 3D impellers against current two-dimensional (2D) ones, both performance characteristics were compared. The test results showed the efficiencies of the newly designed 3D impellers were increased by about 0.5–1.5% in comparison with those of the conventional impellers, while the operating ranges of both were almost the same. Further, the efficiencies of the newly designed 3D impellers increased by about 3% in comparison with those of the 2D impellers at both design points. At the same time, the operating ranges of the former impellers were about 2.1–2.8 times as wide as those of the latter.
Promoter Hypermethylation Profile of Ovarian Epithelial Neoplasms (2005)

Promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic event that occurs most commonly in invasive epithelial ovarian carcinomas. The profile of aberrant methylation suggests that an accumulation of events at specific genes may trigger malignant transformation of some benign cystadenomas and LMP tumors.
Retina-specific expression of PDGF-B versus PDGF-A: vascular versus nonvascular proliferative retinopathy. (2002)

High retinal expression of PDGF-A results in extensive proliferation of glial cells and traction retinal detachment without vascular cell involvement, similar to proliferative vitreoretinopathy in humans. High retinal expression of PDGF-B results in traction retinal detachment from proliferation of both vascular and nonvascular cells, similar to diabetic retinopathy in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: Task‐Specific Design of Porous Polymer Heterogeneous Catalysts Beyond Homogeneous Counterparts (2015)

Abstract Review: 89 refs.
Ethane-dependent synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by the obligate methanotroph Methylocystis parvus OBBP (2018)

ABSTRACT Under conditions of nutrient-limited growth, Type II obligate methanotrophs oxidize C 1 compounds, such as methane or methanol and accumulate intracellular granules of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB). Here, we report that, under same nutrient-limited conditions, the Type II obligate methanotroph Methylocystis parvus OBBP can use ethane as its sole carbon and energy source for synthesis P3HB granules, accumulating up to 35 ± 4 wt% P3HB. 13 C-NMR spectra of the P3HB confirmed incorporation of 13 C from [ 13 C 2 ]ethane. Moreover, when valerate was added as a co-substrate with ethane, oxidation of the ethane supported synthesis of the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). IMPORTANCE The presence of ethane in natural gas is often considered undesirable for methanotroph-based biotechnology due to the C 1 specialization of obligate methanotrophs and concerns about inhibitory byproducts arising from methane monooxygenase-mediated cometabolism of ethane. This work establishes that co-oxidation of ethane and further metabolism in the absence of methane can support synthesis of the valuable polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastics P3HB and PHBV.
High Performance SOFCs at Temperatures Below 700 °C (1999)

Interest in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) capable of reduced temperatures operation has led to a number of innovations in the field of solid state ionics. The capability to fabricate electrode supported structures having thin electrolytes in the range of 5 to 40 μm has been demonstrated by a number of groups worldwide, as well as reports of good performance at intermediate temperatures. It is not yet clear how much the operating temperature can be dropped before electrolyte and electrode kinetic limitations reduce performance to unacceptably low levels. It is clear that yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte is not suited to operating temperatures below 700°C. However, alternative electrolyte and electrode materials are available that demonstrate excellent levels of performance at temperatures as low as 600°C. Furthermore, the ability to fabricate both cathode-supported and anode-supported thin-film structures allows for great flexibility in the design of new SOFCs.
Exploiting Aurophilic Interactions in a [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition: Single-Crystal Reactivity with Changes to Surface Morphology (2019)

A single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) photodimerization is achieved using Au(I) coordination and aurophilic interactions. The rigid Au<sub>2</sub>(dppbz)(CF<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub> precursor (dppbz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) self-assembles with 1,2-<i>trans</i>-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) to afford a discrete [Au<sub>4</sub>(dppbz)<sub>2</sub>(bpe)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>4+</sup> macrocycle in the solid state. The alkene undergoes a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction. The photoreaction proceeds via a rare SCSC transformation in quantitative yield that generates [Au<sub>4</sub>(dppbz)<sub>2</sub>(4,4'-tpcb)]<sup>4+</sup> (4,4'-tpcb = <i>rctt</i>-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane) stereoselectively. Mechanical strain induced by the photoreaction is evidenced by the formation of ramp features on single-crystal surfaces using scanning electron microscopy.
Genetic network identification using convex programming (2009)

Gene regulatory networks capture interactions between genes and other cell substances, resulting in various models for the fundamental biological process of transcription and translation. The expression levels of the genes are typically measured as mRNA concentration in micro-array experiments. In a so-called genetic perturbation experiment, small perturbations are applied to equilibrium states and the resulting changes in expression activity are measured. One of the most important problems in systems biology is to use these data to identify the interaction pattern between genes in a regulatory network, especially in a large scale network. The authors develop a novel algorithm for identifying the smallest genetic network that explains genetic perturbation experimental data. By construction, our identification algorithm is able to incorporate and respect a priori knowledge known about the network structure. A priori biological knowledge is typically qualitative, encoding whether one gene affects another gene or not, or whether the effect is positive or negative. The method is based on a convex programming relaxation of the combinatorially hard problem of L(0) minimisation. The authors apply the proposed method to the identification of a subnetwork of the SOS pathway in Escherichia coli, the segmentation polarity network in Drosophila melanogaster, and an artificial network for measuring the performance of the method.
Loss of Cyclin B1 followed by downregulation of Cyclin A/Cdk2, apoptosis and antiproliferation in Hela cell line (2005)

Recent studies have shown that Cyclin B1 is overexpressed in various tumor types but present at low levels in normal tissues. To explore the possibility of employing Cyclin B1 as an anticancer target, we knocked down Cyclin B1 in an HeLa cell line using RNA interference (RNAi). Subsequently, we monitored cell cycle-related molecules by Western blot together with immunofluorescence and determined cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. XTT and soft agar colony growth experiments were performed to detect cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, we analyzed cell apoptosis by measuring Bcl-2 and Bax protein level and DNA-ladder assay. After performing Cyclin B1 RNAi, Cyclin B1, Cyclin A and Cdk2 protein levels were found to be markedly downregulated, whereas Cdc2 was almost unaffected; S-phase fraction increased significantly; HeLa cell viability and cell colony forming ability were markedly diminished after the RNAi; Bcl-2 was noticeably attenuated but Bax was hardly changed; and HeLa cells displayed typical DNA ladder. The loss of Cyclin B1 resulted in the downregulation of Cyclin A and Cdk2, S-phase delay and eventually led to cell apoptosis and the decrease of cell viability and proliferation. Our studies suggest that Cyclin B1 may be a promising anticancer target.
The ELF project: Creating the future laboratory (2002)

The authors have explored the use of computers as an adjunct to motivate and aid the comprehension of undergraduate students in their engineering courses. They have developed courses for the first-year introductory engineering course, for a sophmore electrical engineering course, and for a design-oriented senior computer engineering course. The common theme in these courses is the use of virtual engineering realities (VER). In VERs, classroom experiences are designed to mimic industrial experiences or laboratory experiences. Results show that students are motivated by classroom situations which mimic real engineering experiences. The computer can be used both as a tutoring tool which can be a useful adjunct to classroom or laboratory instruction and as an environment to develop interesting and powerful software products.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (2015)

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder affecting the epiphysis of long bones. Inheritance may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Autosomal dominant variants include mutations of the collagen oligomeric matrix protein, collagen type IX α-1, collagen type IX α-2, collagen type IX α-3, and matrilin-3 genes. The autosomal recessive variant is caused by a mutation of the sulfate transporter gene SLC26A2. These mutations cause disorganized endochondral ossification of the epiphysis, ultimately leading to destruction of the articular cartilage. Patients typically present in childhood, but some may not present until early adulthood. A presumptive diagnosis can be made with clinical history, physical examination, detailed family history, and radiographic findings. Definitive diagnosis requires genetic testing. Treatment is based on the age of the patient, the amount of limb deformity, the level of joint destruction, and the needs of the patient. Children can greatly benefit from limb realignment procedures, and adults can have excellent outcomes with joint arthroplasty.
Wie die Kapillarelektrophorese das menschliche Genom sequenzierte (2000)

Eine Revolution in der Geschichte der Wissenschaft ist die Bestimmung der Sequenz des menschlichen Genoms. Die Kapillarelektrophorese ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug, das die DNA-Sequenzierung drastisch verändert und die Vollendung der Genomsequenzierung weit vor dem geplanten Zeitpunkt und weit unter dem erwarteten Etat ermöglicht hat. Die Entwicklung von Multikapillargeräten mit einer Hüllstromküvette zur laserinduzierten Fluoreszenzdetektion war ein wichtiger Schritt für die Entwicklung dieser Technik.
InP-based thermionic coolers (2003)

Thermoelectric coolers are important elements of many optoelectronic systems. Current commercial coolers are based on non-conventional semiconductors such as BiTe. In this paper we analyze the prospect of InP based material to fabricate coolers that can be integrated with optoelectronic components. Experimental results are shown where thermionic emission current in InGaAs/InGaAsP heterostructures is used to enhance the cooling power of conventional bulk material. About one degree cooling over 1 /spl mu/m thick barrier is observed (i.e. a cooling power of 200-300 W/cm/sup 2/). Calculations for InGaAs/InAlAs superlattices show that single stage cooling by as much as 20-30 degrees should be possible.
Discovery of a small molecule inhibitor of ROMK and Kir7.1 (2010)

The specific aim of this project is to identify small molecule inhibitors of Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK, Kir1.1, KCNJ1), a potassium channel located in the renal tubule, where it critically regulates sodium and potassium balance. However, due to the lack of selective small molecule inhibitors of ROMK, understanding of the molecular pharmacology of ROMK, and indeed that of the entire inward rectifier K+ channel family (kir), is undeveloped, precluding assessment of ROMK's potential as a diuretic target. Furthermore, at least 6 other members (Kir2.3, Kir4.1, Kir4.2, Kir5.1, Kir7.1) of the Kir channel family are expressed in the nephron, but their physiological functions are not well understood. This project aimed to develop ROMK inhibitors with submicromolar potency, cell penetrance and greater than 10-fold selectivity versus other members of the Kir channel family (Kir2.3, Kir4.1, Kir4.2, Kir5.1 and Kir7.1). The currently identified probe, ML111 (CID-4536383) can be used for in vitro and electrophysiology studies to probe the role of ROMK inhibition without inhibition of closely related channels Kir2.1 and Kir4.1. Moreover, ML111 is the first small molecule known to inhibit Kir7.1; thus, the probe also can be used to explore the role of Kir7.1. A second probe from this screen, ML112 (CID-44123657) was a potent ROMK inhibitor with complete selectivity versus Kir2.1, Kir4.1, Kir7.1, Kir2.3 or hERG.
Industrial Panel on Data Warehousing Technologies: Experiences, Challenges, and Directions (1999)

Data warehousing is an essential element of decision support systems, which have become the largest growing segment of the database industry. Many products and services are now available, and all of the leading database vendors now have commercial offerings in these technologies. Very large (multiterabyte) data warehouses are being built and successfully deployed in the telecommunications, financial, retail and other industries, and are now routinely being used for on-line analytical processing and other decision support applications. Many organisations are deriving major operational benefits from the use of data warehousing solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: REPEATABLE RING EXPANSIONS USING ALLYL TRIFLATE (1978)

Abstract 2‐Vinyl‐tetrahydrothiophen (I) liefert die S‐Allyl‐sulfonium‐Salze (IIa) und (IIb).
Caloric Restriction in Primates and Relevance to Humans (2001)

Dietary caloric restriction (CR) is the only intervention conclusively and reproducibly shown to slow aging and maintain health and vitality in mammals. Although this paradigm has been known for over 60 years, its precise biological mechanisms and applicability to humans remain unknown. We began addressing the latter question in 1987 with the first controlled study of CR in primates (rhesus and squirrel monkeys, which are evolutionarily much closer to humans than the rodents most frequently employed in CR studies). To date, our results strongly suggest that the same beneficial "antiaging" and/or "antidisease" effects observed in CR rodents also occur in primates. These include lower plasma insulin levels and greater sensitivity; lower body temperatures; reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness; elevated HDL; and slower age-related decline in circulating levels of DHEAS. Collectively, these biomarkers suggest that CR primates will be less likely to incur diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and other age-related diseases and may in fact be aging more slowly than fully fed counterparts. Despite these very encouraging results, it is unlikely that most humans would be willing to maintain a 30% reduced diet for the bulk of their adult life span, even if it meant more healthy years. For this reason, we have begun to explore CR mimetics, agents that might elicit the same beneficial effects as CR, without the necessity of dieting. Our initial studies have focused on 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), a sugar analogue with a limited metabolism that actually reduces glucose/energy flux without decreasing food intake in rats. In a six-month pilot study, 2DG lowered plasma insulin and body temperature in a manner analagous to that of CR. Thus, metabolic effects that mediate the CR mechanism can be attained pharmacologically. Doses were titrated to eliminate toxicity; a long-term longevity study is now under way. In addition, data from other laboratories suggest that at least some of the same physiological/metabolic end points that are associated with the beneficial effects of underfeeding may be obtained from other potential CR mimetic agents, some naturally occurring in food products. Much work remains to be done, but taken together, our successful results with CR in primates and 2DG administration to rats suggest that it may indeed be possible to obtain the health- and longevity-promoting effects of the former intervention without actually decreasing food intake.
Novel ZVS S-TCM Modulation of Three-Phase AC/DC Converters (2020)

For three-phase AC-DC power conversion, the widely-used continuous current mode (CCM) modulation scheme results in relatively high semiconductor losses from hard-switching each device during half of the mains cycle. Triangular current mode (TCM) modulation, where the inductor current reverses polarity before turn-off, achieves zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) but at the expense of a wide switching frequency variation (15× for the three-phase design considered here), complicating filter design and compliance with EMI regulations. In this paper, we propose a new modulation scheme, sinusoidal triangular current mode (S-TCM), that achieves soft-switching, keeps the maximum switching frequency below the 150 kHz EMI regulatory band, and limits the switching frequency variation to only 3×. Under S-TCM, three specific modulation schemes are analyzed, and a loss-optimized weighting of the current bands across load is identified. The 2.2 kW S-TCM phase-leg hardware demonstrator achieves 99.7% semiconductor efficiency, with the semiconductor losses accurately analytically estimated within 10% (0.3 W). Relative to a CCM design, the required filter inductance is 6× lower, the inductor volume is 37% smaller, and the semiconductor losses are 55% smaller for a simultaneous improvement in power density and efficiency.
Bone Marrow (BM) Transplantation Promotes β-Cell Regeneration after Acute Injury through BM Cell Mobilization (2007)

There is controversy regarding the roles of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells in pancreatic beta-cell regeneration. To examine these roles in vivo, mice were treated with streptozotocin (STZ), followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT; lethal irradiation and subsequent BM cell infusion) from green fluorescence protein transgenic mice. BMT improved STZ-induced hyperglycemia, nearly normalizing glucose levels, with partially restored pancreatic islet number and size, whereas simple BM cell infusion without preirradiation had no effects. In post-BMT mice, most islets were located near pancreatic ducts and substantial numbers of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells were detected in islets and ducts. Importantly, green fluorescence protein-positive, i.e. BM-derived, cells were detected around islets and were CD45 positive but not insulin positive. Then to examine whether BM-derived cell mobilization contributes to this process, we used Nos3(-/-) mice as a model of impaired BM-derived cell mobilization. In streptozotocin-treated Nos3(-/-) mice, the effects of BMT on blood glucose, islet number, bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells in islets, and CD45-positive cells around islets were much smaller than those in streptozotocin-treated Nos3(+/+) controls. A series of BMT experiments using Nos3(+/+) and Nos3(-/-) mice showed hyperglycemia-improving effects of BMT to correlate inversely with the severity of myelosuppression and delay of peripheral white blood cell recovery. Thus, mobilization of BM-derived cells is critical for BMT-induced beta-cell regeneration after injury. The present results suggest that homing of donor BM-derived cells in BM and subsequent mobilization into the injured periphery are required for BMT-induced regeneration of recipient pancreatic beta-cells.
GOOSE: goal oriented orchestration for smart environments (2019)

Smart environment scenarios are characterised by the presence of users, with different needs and preferences, and everyday life objects exploited to meet the expectations of users themselves. Connecting objects to the internet and making them accessible from remote is not sufficient to make an environment 'smart' since such ecosystems should also be able to enable context-sensitive actions along with a management of the interaction between objects and users. In this work, we propose GOOSE, a platform which aimed at interpreting users goals expressed in natural language in order to generate, select, and safely enforce a set of plans to be executed to fulfill target goals. After highlighting the main challenges affecting typical machine-to-machine (M2M) communication scenarios, we show how the use of a semantic reasoner can be used to allow the composition of plans consisting of sequences of services to be called on the smart environment objects. Finally, we address the issue of secure communications between platform and objects, and the management of potentially inconsistent goals.