gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of open and minimally invasive surgery for intradural-extramedullary spine tumors (2015)

OBJECT Patients with symptomatic intradural-extramedullary (ID-EM) tumors may be successfully treated with resection of the lesion and decompression of associated neural structures. Studies of patients undergoing open resection of these tumors have reported high rates of gross-total resection (GTR) with minimal long-term neurological deficit. Case reports and small case series have suggested that these patients may be successfully treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). These studies have been limited by small patient populations. Moreover, there are no studies directly comparing perioperative outcomes between patients treated with open resection and MIS. The objective of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes in patients with ID-EM tumors treated using open resection or MIS. METHODS A retrospective review was performed using data collected from 45 consecutive patients treated by open resection or MIS for ID-EM spine tumors. These patients were treated over a 9-year period between April 2003 and October 2012 at Northwestern University and the University of Chicago. Statistical analysis was performed to compare perioperative outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS Of the 45 patients in the study, 27 were treated with the MIS approach and 18 were treated with the open approach. Operative time was similar between the two groups: 256.3 minutes in the MIS group versus 241.1 minutes in the open group (p = 0.55). Estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the MIS group (133.7 ml) compared with the open group (558.8 ml) (p < 0.01). A GTR was achieved in 94.4% of the open cases and 92.6% of the MIS cases (p = 0.81). The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the MIS group (3.9 days) compared with the open group (6.1 days) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the complication rates (p = 0.32) and reoperation rates (p = 0.33) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an increased rate of complications in cervical spine tumors (OR 15, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thoracolumbar ID-EM tumors may be safely and effectively treated with either the open approach or an MIS approach, with an equivalent rate of GTR, perioperative complication rate, and operative time. Patients treated with an MIS approach may benefit from a decrease in operative blood loss and shorter hospital stays.
ACM WSDM 2023 Report (2023)

The 16th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2023) was successfully held on 2/27 - 3/3/2023 at Carlton Hotel, Singapore. It was held as in-person conference that also featured rich virtual elements. The five-day event began with tutorials and Industry Day. The middle three days were dedicated to keynote speeches, single-session presentations, poster reception, and demo sessions. The final day was event-filled with workshops, WSDM Cup Day, Doctoral Consortium, and Smart City Day. This brief report provides an overview of WSDM 2023 with organization and program details and statistics from Conference Chairs and Program Committee Chairs, as well as a message from the WSDM Steering Committee Chair. Further details can be found at https://www.wsdm-conference.org/2023/. At the conclusion of this report, we express our deep gratitude to authors, volunteers, special interest groups (SIGs), steering committee, sponsors and supporters.
X-ray quantum efficiencies of CCD's (1976)

The X-ray quantum efficiency of a CCD was still high enough to obtain good X-ray imaging with this device. The range and response of the CCD to incident X-rays in the 5 to 14.1 KeV range were determined experimentally. Knowledge of this range and response allows direct measurement of quantum efficiency. Quantum efficiency decreased monotonically from 82% to 35% in the range studied. Comparison of experimental and theoretical quantum efficiencies allowed a determination of silicon bulk electron diffusion length. For the device studied, the electron diffusion length was 75 micrometers.
Absolute configuration determination of theanti-head-to-head photocyclodimer of anthracene-2-carboxylic acid through cocrystallization withL-prolinol (2013)

The absolute configuration has been established of the enantiopure anti-head-to-head cyclodimer of anthracene-2-carboxylic acid (AC) cocrystallized with L-propinol and dichloromethane [systematic name: (S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium (5R,6S,11R,12S)-8-carboxy-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-5,12:6,11-bis([1,2]benzeno)dibenzo[a,e][8]annulene-2-carboxylate dichloromethane monosolvate], C5H12NO(+)·C30H19O4(-)·CH2Cl2. In the crystal structure, the AC dimer interacts with L-prolinol through a nine-membered hydrogen-bonded ring [R2(2)(9)], while the dichloromethane molecule is incorporated to fill the void space. The absolute configuration determined in this study verifies a recent assignment made by comparing theoretical versus experimental circular dichroism spectra.
New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk (2016)

To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
Wireless sensing and identification of passive electromagnetic sensors based on millimetre-wave FMCW RADAR (2012)

The wireless measurement of various physical quantities from the analysis of the RADAR Cross Sections variability of passive electromagnetic sensors is presented. A millimetre-wave Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave RADAR is used for both remote sensing and wireless identification of sensors. Long reading ranges (up to some decameters) may be reached at the expense of poor measurement resolution (typically 10%).
Acoustic liver cauterization: A potential tool for bloodless surgery (1998)

Liver surgery is hampered by the difficulty in controlling hemorrhage, particularly the slow oozing from injured hepatic surfaces. Conventional cauterizing fails in this situation. Bleeding from incisions made in animal livers using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) by volume cauterizing along the surface of the incision has been successfully stopped. The question arose: Could bleeding be avoided during surgery by precauterizing a thick surface around a region to be resectioned prior to the actual resectioning? The livers of anesthetized rabbits (4) and pigs (3) were treated in this manner under a protocol approved for animal studies at the University of Washington. Two HIFU transducers (3.3 and 3.5 MHz focused at 3.5 and 5.5 cm, respectively) were used for the treatment. Cauterized strips around a region appeared white. The tissue to be resectioned was removed by cutting along the distal border of the strips. No oozing from the liver parenchyma was observed. Bleeding occurred only in the larger vessels (&amp;gt;2 mm inside diameter) present in the cauterized region. Since these size vessels are easily ligated the method appears to be clinically feasible. Survival studies are needed to learn about the possibilities of rebleeding after abdominal closure or unknown healing difficulties.
Sparsity-based Ankylography: Recovering 3D structures from a single-shot 2D scattered intensity (2014)

We present an algorithmic paradigm for deciphering the 3D structure of a molecule from the far-field intensity of scattered x-ray photons before the molecule disintegrates. Our approach enables surpassing current limits on recoverable information capacity.
Effect of therapeutic vaccine on CTLA4 and tumor debulking response in recurrent and metastatic HNSCC. (2018)

115 Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with multiple immune suppression and avoidance mechanisms . Blocking the PD-1 signal axis in second line provides a significant survival advantage compared to chemotherapy. However, checkpoint blockade efficacy is limited to the subset of patients that present with tumors highly infiltrated with effector immune cells. We investigated a novel vaccine designed to increase the infiltration of tumor-specific effector cells and counter-regulate the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Methods: Pre-treated r/m HNSCC patients with externally visible tumors were accrued. Tumor biopsy samples were processed at baseline to purify endogenous chaperones with calreticulin, hsp70, hsp90 and gr94/gp96 (CRCL) as a source of tumor neoantigen. Ex-vivo differentiated, allogeneic Th1 memory cells with CD3/CD28-coated microbeads attached (aTh1) expressing CD40L and IFN-gamma served as adjuvant. Subjects were primed with 4 weekly aTh1 ID injections to increase allo-specific Th1 memory titer. Primed subjects were provided 3 weekly ID injections of CRCL + aTh1 to increase tumor-specific Th1 memory titer followed by intravenous aTh1 in the 4th week to activate circulating memory cells through CD40-CD40L, causing their extravasation and trafficking to tumor lesions. Allo-rejection response produces a sustained Type 1 cytokine release which dys-regulates suppressor circuits. The ID/IV cycle was then repeated. Results: 10 subjects with recurrent or metastatic disease were accrued. All with prior radiochemotherapy. 50% (5/10) had clinical response with visible reduction in tumor burden. Vaccine was well tolerated. Debulking response correlated with increased CD3+ immune cell infiltration and decreased CTLA-4 expression. Conclusions: This individualized vaccine caused increased immune cell infiltration in tumors, down-regulation of CTLA4 and visible tumor debulking in a heavily pre-treated, chemotherapy-refractory population. These results provide rationale for further evaluation of this vaccine in a first-line setting with and without PD1/L1 blockade. Clinical trial information: NCT01998542.
Medium-throughput ESR detection of superoxide production in undetached adherent cells using cyclic nitrone spin traps (2015)

Spin trapping with cyclic nitrones coupled to electron spin resonance (ESR) is recognized as a specific method of detection of oxygen free radicals in biological systems, especially in culture cells. In this case, the detection is usually performed on cell suspensions, which is however unsuitable when adhesion influences free radical production. Here, we performed ESR detection of superoxide with four spin traps (5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, DEPMPO; 5-diisopropoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, DIPPMPO; (4R*, 5R*)-5-(diisopropyloxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-4-[({[2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethyl]carbamoyl}oxy)methyl]pyrroline N-oxide bromide, Mito-DIPPMPO; and 6-monodeoxy-6-mono-4-[(5-diisopropoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide)-ethylenecarbamoyl-(2,3-di-O-methyl) hexakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)]-β-cyclodextrin, CD-DIPPMPO) directly on RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured on microscope coverslip glasses after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. Distinct ESR spectra were obtained with each spin trap using this method. CD-DIPPMPO, a recently published phosphorylated cyclic nitrone bearing a permethylated β-cyclodextrin moiety, was confirmed as the most specific spin trap of the superoxide radical, with exclusive detection of the superoxide adduct. ESR detection performed on cells attached to coverslips represents significant advances over other methods in terms of simplicity, speed, and measurement under near-physiological conditions. It thus opens the way for numerous applications, such as medium-throughput screening of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-modulating agents.
Current Concepts in Diabetic Retinopathy (2014)

For the past several decades, tremendous efforts have been made to decrease the complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy. New diagnostic modalities like ultrawide field fundus fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography has allowed more accurate diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Antivascular endothelial growth factors are now extensively used to treat diabetic retinopathy and macular edema with promising results. There remains uncertainty over the long term effects and the socioeconomic costs of these agents.
Atomic layer deposition of germanium-selenium-tellurium compounds for low-leakage, tunable ovonic threshold switches (2020)

Chalcogenide compounds are leading a revolution in the electronic memories space. Phase-change-memory (PCM) elements and ovonic threshold switches (OTSs) combined in the cross-point (X-point) architecture produce memory arrays with access and write times orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art flash nands and also provide nonvolatile storage, a larger scale of integration compared to traditional memory arrays, and the opportunity to develop beyond von Neumann architectures to support computationally demanding applications such as artificial intelligence. The commercial success of chalcogenide X-point arrays will depend on the ability to integrate chalcogenide films into sophisticated three-dimensional architectures such as vertical structures for economical manufacturing. To do so, highly conformal deposition techniques are required such as atomic layer deposition (ALD). State-of-the-art chalcogenide cross-point devices are currently fabricated using PVD, which fails to provide any film conformality. ALD PCMs with performance comparable to their PVD counterparts have been demonstrated; however, fabricating OTS selectors using ALD remains a challenge. Here, we present an approach to deposit ALD ternary germanium-selenium-tellurium (Ge-Se-Te) spanning a wide range of compositions. The ALD Ge-Se-Te films show excellent conformality, low surface roughness, and good compositional homogeneity. We fabricated OTS devices and demonstrated the ability to produce low leakage selectors with threshold voltage tuning achieved by control over the film composition.
The effects of electroadhesive clutch design parameters on performance characteristics (2018)

Actuators that employ clutches can exhibit mechanical impedance tuning and improved energy efficiency. However, these integrated designs have been difficult to achieve in practice because traditional clutches are typically heavy and consume substantial power. In this article, we describe a lightweight and low-power clutch that operates with electrostatic adhesion and achieves order-of-magnitude improvements in performance compared to traditional clutches. In order to inform appropriate design in a variety of applications, we experimentally determine the effect of clutch length, width, dielectric thickness, voltage, and electrode stiffness on the holding force, engage and release times, and power consumption. The highest performance clutch held 190 N, weighed 15 g, and consumed 3.2 mW of power. The best samples released and engaged within 20 ms, as fast as conventional clutches. We also conducted a fatigue test that showed reliable performance for over 3 million cycles. We expect electroadhesive clutches like these will enable actuator designs that achieve dexterous, dynamic movement of lightweight robotic systems.
Baicalein Induces Caspase‐dependent Apoptosis Associated with the Generation of ROS and the Activation of AMPK in Human Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells (2016)

Baicalein is one of the main bioactive flavonoids found in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Here, we report that baicalein-induced growth inhibition was associated with the induction of apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Baicalein stimulated the expression of DR5, FasL, and FADD, and activated caspase-8 by reducing the levels of FLIPs (FLICE-inhibitory proteins). The apoptotic cell death was also connected with an activation of caspase-9 and -3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; however, a blockage of caspase activation abolished baicalein-induced apoptotic potentials. Additionally, baicalein caused a mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the truncation of Bid, and the translocation of pro-apoptotic Bax to the mitochondria, thereby inducing the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. In turn, baicalein increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, an ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, notably attenuated baicalein-mediated loss of MMP and activation of caspases. Furthermore, baicalein activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Consequently, baicalein-triggered cell death was attenuated by an AMPK inhibitor, but increased by an AMPK activator, compound C. Overall, the results suggest that the apoptotic activity of baicalein may be associated with caspase-dependent cascade through the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways connected with ROS generation and AMPK activation.
SIKE: Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation (2017)

Soumission à l'appel à candidatures ``Post-Quantum Cryptography'' du NIST
Biofabrication of 3D constructs: fabrication technologies and spider silk proteins as bioinks (2015)

Abstract Despite significant investment in tissue engineering over the past 20 years, few tissue engineered products have made it to market. One of the reasons is the poor control over the 3D arrangement of the scaffold’s components. Biofabrication is a new field of research that exploits 3D printing technologies with high spatial resolution for the simultaneous processing of cells and biomaterials into 3D constructs suitable for tissue engineering. Cell-encapsulating biomaterials used in 3D bioprinting are referred to as bioinks. This review consists of: (1) an introduction of biofabrication, (2) an introduction of 3D bioprinting, (3) the requirements of bioinks, (4) existing bioinks, and (5) a specific example of a recombinant spider silk bioink. The recombinant spider silk bioink will be used as an example because its unmodified hydrogel format fits the basic requirements of bioinks: to be printable and at the same time cytocompatible. The bioink exhibited both cytocompatible (self-assembly, high cell viability) and printable (injectable, shear-thinning, high shape fidelity) qualities. Although improvements can be made, it is clear from this system that, with the appropriate bioink, many of the existing faults in tissue-like structures produced by 3D bioprinting can be minimized.
Novel electron beam based test facility for observation of dynamics of tungsten erosion under intense ELM-like heat loads (2016)

A test facility developed at the Budker Institute is designed for experimental simulation of effects of ITER-scale transient heat loads on plasma facing materials. Employing a long-pulse electron beam for creation of transients has advantages of low direct pressures on surface of material and lesser limitation of power density by vapor shielding. In addition, relative modest attendant background light allows using a set of diagnostics for observation of erosion dynamics. The set includes fast imaging in the near infrared, scattering of light of continuous wave laser on target surface and on droplets ejected from the melt layer.
An avian influenza H7 DNA priming vaccine is safe and immunogenic in a randomized phase I clinical trial (2017)

A novel avian influenza subtype, A/H7N9, emerged in 2013 and represents a public health threat with pandemic potential. We have previously shown that DNA vaccine priming increases the magnitude and quality of antibody responses to H5N1 monovalent inactivated boost. We now report the safety and immunogenicity of a H7 DNA-H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine prime-boost regimen. In this Phase 1, open label, randomized clinical trial, we evaluated three H7N9 vaccination regimens in healthy adults, with a prime-boost interval of 16 weeks. Group 1 received H7 DNA vaccine prime and H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine boost. Group 2 received H7 DNA and H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine as a prime and H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine as a boost. Group 3 received H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine in a homologous prime-boost regimen. Overall, 30 individuals between 20 to 60 years old enrolled and 28 completed both vaccinations. All injections were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. 2 weeks post-boost, 50% of Group 1 and 33% of Group 2 achieved a HAI titer ≥1:40 compared with 11% of Group 3. Also, at least a fourfold increase in neutralizing antibody responses was seen in 90% of Group 1, 100% of Group 2, and 78% of Group 3 subjects. Peak neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers were significantly greater for Group 1 (GMT = 440.61, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and Group 2 (GMT = 331, <i>p</i> = 0.02) when compared with Group 3 (GMT = 86.11). A novel H7 DNA vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic when boosted with H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine, while priming for higher HAI and neutralizing antibody titers than H7N9 monovalent inactivated vaccine alone.
ADVANCES IN ATHLETE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY (2012)

Athlete tracking is increasingly ubiquitous in elite sport. For most practitioners this involves using data from heart rate sensors, GPS or video based tracking for velocity and distance and increasingly some basic accelerometer derived parameters. However the questions that coaches want to answer from athlete tracking technology continue to evolve and become more sophisticated. This paper discusses some advances in software and hardware from Catapult Sports in Australia that are keeping pace with those emerging issues. They include a practical solution to ball tracking in team sports, and a method of using inertial sensors to better measure the non running part of an athletes activity.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRODIPHENYL ETHERS, THEIR PREPARATION AND HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY (1980)

Abstract Bei 140‐150°C reagiert das Phenol (I) mit den Chlornitrobenzolen (II) in Gegenwart von K 2 CO 3 zum Diarylether (IIIa) bzw. zum Diphenoxynitrobenzol (IVb).