gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Panel Deployment Using Ultrafast SMA Latches (2006)

Advanced material systems are continuously being sought for energy absorption during impact, but these materials still tend to be heavy and expensive. An alternative approach is to actively increase the crush distance using deployable panels. Depending on the closing speed of "bullet" and "target" objects and the detection range of the pre-impact sensor, for a deployable panel to be effective in energy management, as little as 30-50 ms may be available for releasing, deploying, and in some applications stopping the panel. This paper presents the development of a stored energy panel deployment approach that meets this challenging time regime through a combination of traditional and smart materials technologies selected via a thorough downselection process. In the chosen approach, a light, compact, and inexpensive ultra-fast SMA latch releases energy from traditional compressed springs to deploy a panel which is stopped with integrated shock absorbers. A full-scale integrated prototype was designed, built and experimentally characterized for two bounding cases: 30 ms deploy demanding high force/power and a 50 ms deploy with associated lower force/power requirements. In both cases, the proof-of-concept shows promising performance metrics well within these two specified target deployment times. Given this, when coupled with advanced sensing technology, this system provides a promising alternative mechanism useful for military applications such as projectile interception on vehicles, ships and combat quarters as well as civilian applications such as commercial vehicles and structural terrorist threats.
Circuits and systems for energy efficient smart wearables (2016)

Wearable devices and the associated push to smart health management have become an important facet of the Internet of Things. Wearable technology - with its diverse use cases, signal transduction mechanisms and unique software/processing requirements - is an ideal lens through which to study the broader Internet of Things. This paper investigates the unique challenges in wearable technology by using optical heart rate monitoring as an example. Strategies encompassing process technology, devices, circuits, systems and algorithms are leveraged to achieve the trifecta of good performance, low power and small form factor.
Data from IMMU-140, a Novel SN-38 Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting HLA-DR, Mediates Dual Cytotoxic Effects in Hematologic Cancers and Malignant Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;HLA-DR is a member of the MHC class II antigen family expressed on hematologic and solid tumors. Antibodies directed against HLA-DR have demonstrated some clinical success, but toxicities limited development. IMMU-140 is an anti–HLA-DR antibody–drug conjugate composed of the active metabolite of irinotecan, SN-38, conjugated to a humanized anti–HLA-DR IgG&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; antibody (IMMU-114); the IgG&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; naked antibody is devoid of immune functions. Our aim was to determine if SN-38, the metabolite of a drug not commonly used in hematopoietic cancers, would be effective and safe when targeted to HLA-DR–expressing tumors. IMMU-140 had dual-therapeutic mechanisms, as evidenced by its retention of nonoverlapping anti–HLA-DR nonclassical apoptotic signaling and classical apoptosis mediated by its SN-38 payload. In seven human disease models [acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and melanoma], IMMU-140 provided significant therapeutic efficacy compared with controls, &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, in 3D spheroid models, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Except for MM and HL, IMMU-140 imparted significantly improved antitumor effects compared with parental IMMU-114. Even in intractable AML and ALL, where IMMU-114 only had modest antitumor effects, IMMU-140 therapy mediated &gt;80% improvement in survival. Therapy was well tolerated, as demonstrated by no marked loss in body weight. Combined with doxorubicin, IMMU-140 produced significantly greater antitumor effects in HL than with monotherapy and without any added toxicity. The dual-therapeutic action of IMMU-140 resulted in promising therapeutic activity in a range of hematopoietic tumors and melanoma, and therefore warrants clinical development. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 150–60. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Water–Fat Separated T1 Mapping in the Liver and Correlation to Hepatic Fat Fraction (2023)

(1) Background: T1 mapping in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver has been proposed to estimate liver function or to detect the stage of liver disease, among others. Thus far, the impact of intrahepatic fat on T1 quantification has only been sparsely discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of water-fat separated T1 mapping of the liver. (2) Methods: A total of 386 patients underwent MRI of the liver at 3 T. In addition to routine imaging techniques, a 3D variable flip angle (VFA) gradient echo technique combined with a two-point Dixon method was acquired to calculate T1 maps from an in-phase (T1_in) and water-only (T1_W) signal. The results were correlated with proton density fat fraction using multi-echo 3D gradient echo imaging (PDFF) and multi-echo single voxel spectroscopy (PDFF_MRS). Using T1_in and T1_W, a novel parameter FF_T1 was defined and compared with PDFF and PDFF_MRS. Furthermore, the value of retrospectively calculated T1_W (T1_W_calc) based on T1_in and PDFF was assessed. Wilcoxon test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis were applied as statistical tools. (3) Results: T1_in was significantly shorter than T1_W and the difference of both T1 values was correlated with PDFF (R = 0.890). FF_T1 was significantly correlated with PDFF (R = 0.930) and PDFF_MRS (R = 0.922) and yielded only minor bias compared to both established PDFF methods (0.78 and 0.21). T1_W and T1_W_calc were also significantly correlated (R = 0.986). (4) Conclusion: T1_W acquired with a water-fat separated VFA technique allows to minimize the influence of fat on liver T1. Alternatively, T1_W can be estimated retrospectively from T1_in and PDFF, if a Dixon technique is not available for T1 mapping.
Forming foam structures with carbon foam substrates (2023)

The invention provides foams of desired cell sizes formed from metal or ceramic materials that coat the surfaces of carbon foams which are subsequently removed. For example, metal is located over a sol-gel foam monolith. The metal is melted to produce a metal/sol-gel composition. The sol-gel foam monolith is removed, leaving a metal foam.
In vivo RNAi-mediated silencing of TAK1 decreases inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells through targeting of myeloid cells (2010)

Cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) act as systemic and local amplifiers that contribute to the progression of chronic inflammatory disorders. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a pivotal upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase-kinase acting as a mediator of cytokine expression. It remains critical to determine in vivo the implication of TAK1 in controlling the innate immune system. Here, we describe a vehicle tailored to selectively deliver siRNAs into MPS cells after intravenous administration, and validate in vivo the potential of the RNAi-mediated TAK1 knock down for immunomodulation. In a mouse model of immune-mediated inflammatory disorder, we show that anti-TAK1 siRNA lipoplexes efficiently alleviate inflammation, severely impair the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways, and decrease the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Importantly, the systemic TAK1 gene silencing decreases the frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells, both mediating autoimmunity in experimental arthritis, demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of TAK1. Finally, in vitro inhibition of TAK1 in myeloid cells decreases interferon-γ-producing T cells, suggesting that a delivery system able to target MPS cells and to silence TAK1 impacts on pathogenic T effector cells in autoimmunity.
Tameness of Pairs of Nuclear Power Series Spaces and Related Topics (1984)

The equivalence of the following six assertions is proved: (i) The set of the finite limit points of the ratios ${\alpha _m}/{\beta _n},n,m \in {\mathbf {N}}$, is bounded, (ii) Every operator from ${\Lambda _\infty }(\beta )$ to ${\Lambda _1}(\alpha )$ is compact, (iii) The pair $({\Lambda _\infty }(\beta ), {\Lambda _1}(\alpha ))$ is tame, i.e., for every operator $T$ from ${\Lambda _\infty }(\beta )$ to ${\Lambda _1}(\alpha )$ there is a positive integer $a$ such that for every $k \in {\mathbf {N}}$ there is a constant ${C_k}$ such that $||Tx|{|_k} \leqslant {C_k}|x{|_{ak}}$ for every $x \in {\Lambda _\infty }(\beta )$. (iv) Every short exact sequence $0 \to {\Lambda _\tau }(\beta ) \to X \to {\Lambda _1}(\alpha ) \to 0$, where $\tau = 1$ or $\infty$, splits. (v) ${\Lambda _1}(\alpha ) \times {\Lambda _\infty }(\beta )$ has a regular basis, (vi) ${\Lambda _1}(\alpha ) \otimes {\Lambda _\infty }(\beta )$ has a regular basis. Also the finite type power series spaces that contain subspaces isomorphic to an infinite type power series space are characterized as well as the infinite type power series spaces that have finite type quotient spaces.
Data from Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying the Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Mediated by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Target-dependent TCB activity can result in the strong and systemic release of cytokines that may develop into cytokine release syndrome (CRS), highlighting the need to understand and prevent this complex clinical syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We explored the cellular and molecular players involved in TCB-mediated cytokine release by single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood treated with CD20-TCB together with bulk RNA-sequencing of endothelial cells exposed to TCB-induced cytokine release. We used the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; whole blood assay and an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; DLBCL model in immunocompetent humanized mice to assess the effects of dexamethasone, anti-TNFα, anti-IL6R, anti-IL1R, and inflammasome inhibition, on TCB-mediated cytokine release and antitumor activity.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Activated T cells release TNFα, IFNγ, IL2, IL8, and MIP-1β, which rapidly activate monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, and NKs along with surrounding T cells to amplify the cascade further, leading to TNFα, IL8, IL6, IL1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10 release. Endothelial cells contribute to IL6 and IL1β release and at the same time release several chemokines (MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β). Dexamethasone and TNFα blockade efficiently reduced CD20-TCB–mediated cytokine release whereas IL6R blockade, inflammasome inhibition, and IL1R blockade induced a less pronounced effect. Dexamethasone, IL6R blockade, IL1R blockade, and the inflammasome inhibitor did not interfere with CD20-TCB activity, in contrast to TNFα blockade, which partially inhibited antitumor activity.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our work sheds new light on the cellular and molecular players involved in cytokine release driven by TCBs and provides a rationale for the prevention of CRS in patients treated with TCBs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Continuous wave MIMO radar based on time division multiplexing (2012)

A radar system with multiple transmit and receive antennas (MIMO) is considered in this paper. A specific linear frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal is applied in this case, which allows a simultaneous and unambiguous measurement of target range and radial velocity even in multiple target situations. This frequency modulated signal is transmitted alternately by each transmit antenna. This means that each transmit antenna has exclusive access to the radio channel inside a very small time slot while all other transmit antennas are switched off. Each transmit antenna uses the same waveform however in an intertwined way. In this case all transmit signals are mutually orthogonal and no interferences will occur. The radar echo signal is processed in each receive antenna simultaneously. Due to the orthogonality of all transmit signals each receive antenna can separate perfectly all signals transmitted by different antennas. This transmit signal structure and the time division multiplexing (TDM) procedure is the basis for a MIMO radar system design described in this paper. The radar system will have a high azimuth angle resolution and a large artificial receive antenna aperture.
Probing Exciton Localization in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using High-Resolution Near-Field Microscopy (2010)

We observe localization of excitons in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature using high-resolution near-field photoluminescence (PL) microscopy. Localization is the result of spatially confined exciton energy minima with depths of more than 15 meV connected to lateral energy gradients exceeding 2 meV/nm as evidenced by energy-resolved PL imaging. Simulations of exciton diffusion in the presence of energy variations support this interpretation predicting strongly enhanced PL at local energy minima.
Hidden reach of the micromanagers (2010)

Small interfering RNAs can trigger unintended, microRNA-like off-target effects, but the impact of these effects on functional studies has been controversial. A recent study in BMC Genomics shows that microRNA-like effects can predominate among the 'hits' of functional genomics screens.
LMP-based real time pricing for optimal capacity planning with maximal wind power integration (2012)

With the proposed penetration of electric vehicles and advanced metering technology, the demand side is foreseen to play a major role in flexible energy consumption scheduling. On the other hand, over the past several years, there has been a growing interest for the utility companies to integrate more renewable energy resources. Such renewable resources, e.g., wind or solar, due to their intermittent nature, brought great uncertainty to the power grid system. In this paper, we propose a mechanism that attempts to mitigate the resulting grid operational uncertainty by properly exploiting the potentials offered by demand flexibility. To address the challenge, we develop a novel locational marginal price (LMP) based pricing scheme that involves active demand side participation by casting the network objectives as a two-stage Stackelberg game between the local grid operator and several aggregators. We use the solution concept of subgame perfect equilibrium to analyze the resulting game and derive the optimal pricing scheme. Subsequently, we discuss the optimal real time conventional capacity planning for the local grid operator to achieve the minimal mismatch between supply and demand with the wind power integration. Finally, we assess our proposed scheme with field data. The simulation results further confirm the optimality of our scheme and suggest reasonably well long term performance with simplified heuristic approaches.
The Unfolded Protein Response Is a Determinant of Disease Actvity in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM). (2005)

Abstract The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains the quality of newly synthesized secretory and transmembrane proteins such as immunoglobulins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. The most proximal sensors of the UPR are the ATF6, IRE1a-Xbp1, and PERK proteins. Bip, an ER stress-induced pro-survival molecular chaperone, controls the trafficking of Atf6 and is considered as an indicator of the onset of the UPR. EDEM, downstream of Xbp1 splicing, regulates the extraction of misfolded proteins into the cytosol for proteasome-mediated destruction. Ultimately, the initially cytoprotective UPR triggers an apoptotic cascade if ER stress is not corrected. We studied the UPR stress system in patients with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM), a B-cell disorder characterized by excess secretion of IgM. As part of these efforts, we examined the UPR genes Bip-Atf6, Ire1a-Xbp1, Perk, as well as genes downstream of the UPR pathway including Xbp1 spliced-Edem, eIF2a and Gadd34 using semi-quantitative PCR analysis of CD19+ selected bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPC) from 46 patients with the consensus panel diagnosis of WM. We found that UPR gene expression was highly heterogeneous with 16 (35%) patients expressing all genes, whilst 11 patients (24%) expressed only Xbp1 and Edem. Among patients expressing all UPR genes, median serum IgM (p=0.025) and B2M (p=0.05) levels, as well as bone marrow involvement (p=0.06) were higher, with levels of Bip showing greatest correlation to serum IgM and B2M levels, and BM involvement (p=0.01). These results confirm that UPR gene expression is related to disease activity in WM, and suggest a particular role for Bip as a prognostic factor in this disease.
Supplementary Material for: Naturally Occurring IgG Antibodies Provide Innate Protection against Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia by Recognition of the Outer Membrane Protein U (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Cholera epidemics are caused by &lt;i&gt;Vibrio cholerae&lt;/i&gt; serogroups O1 and O139, whereas strains collectively known as non-O1/non-O139 &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; are found in cases of extraintestinal infections and bacteremia. The mechanisms and factors influencing the occurrence of bacteremia and survival of &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; in normal human serum have remained unclear. We found that naturally occurring IgG recognizing &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; outer membrane protein U (OmpU) mediates a serum-killing effect in a complement C1q-dependent manner. Moreover, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing OmpU caused enhanced survival of highly serum-sensitive classical &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; in a dose-dependent manner. OMVs from wild-type and &lt;i&gt;ompU &lt;/i&gt;mutant &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; thereby provided a novel means to verify by extracellular transcomplementation the involvement of OmpU. Our data conclusively indicate that loss, or reduced expression, of OmpU imparts resistance to &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; towards serum killing. We propose that the difference in OmpU protein levels is a plausible reason for differences in serum resistance and the ability to cause bacteremia observed among &lt;i&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/i&gt; biotypes. Our findings provide a new perspective on how naturally occurring antibodies, perhaps induced by members of the microbiome, may play a role in the recognition of pathogens and the provocation of innate immune defense against bacteremia.&lt;/p&gt;
Applications of Ion Beam Analysis Techniques to Erosion Studies (1979)

Proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE), ion implantation and combined Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and nuclear reaction (NR) analyses have been used in studies of hot gas erosion of steel surfaces. Three experiments will be discussed. (1) Steel nozzles were exposed to the erosive flows of a variety of burning propellants. Concentrations and depth profiles of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in the exposed surfaces were obtained by combined RBS 4nd NR analyses. The results are discussed in terms of the erosive properties of the propellants. (2) Two steel samples were implanted with nitrogen to investigate a possible improvement in wear characteristics when exposed to burning propellants. The sample implanted with 1 MeV nitrogens produced a small, but possibly significant, improvement in the wear. (3) Propellant combustion products expelled through a steel nozzle have been collected on rotating aluminum strips. PIXE analysis of the strips permits elemental identifications as well as the measurement of the time-of-expulsion profiles.
Ganciclovir prophylaxis for cochlear pathophysiology during experimental guinea pig cytomegalovirus labyrinthitis (1988)

The effectiveness of the antiviral agent ganciclovir (9-[1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl]guanine) against guinea pig cytomegalovirus was tested in vitro in guinea pig embryonic fibroblasts and in vivo in an experimental guinea pig cytomegalovirus labyrinthitis model. In vitro, ganciclovir completely prevented guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection of guinea pig embryonic fibroblasts at concentrations above 32.6 micrograms/ml. In vivo, antibody-negative animals had an average 17-dB elevation in their auditory nerve compound action potential thresholds (P less than 0.01, t test) and showed signs bilaterally of guinea pig cytomegalovirus labyrinthitis 8 days after intrathecal inoculation of virus. Ganciclovir administration starting 1 day before inoculation prevented the development of both cochlear histopathologic change and hearing loss. Guinea pig cytomegalovirus meningitis was observed in both the drug-treated and untreated groups. High-pressure liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of ganciclovir in the serum, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid of the drug recipients. Prophylactic ganciclovir thus can protect the cochlea from the histopathologic changes and hearing loss normally associated with experimental guinea pig cytomegalovirus labyrinthitis.
N-Methyl Scan of Somatostatin Octapeptide Agonists Produces Interesting Effects on Receptor Subtype Specificity (2001)

The search for synthetic analogues of somatostatin which exhibit selective affinities for the five receptor subtypes is of considerable basic and therapeutic interest and has generated a large number of potent agonist analogues with a wide spectrum of binding profiles. In the past, conformational restriction of side chain groups and the peptide backbone has yielded the most interesting results. Under the latter category and as part of the present study, we were interested in the potential effects of N-methylation of peptide bond NH groups on binding affinity since this approach had not been systematically examined with these peptides. This was aided by new chemistries for introducing an N-Me group during regular solid-phase peptide synthesis using Boc protection. A number of interesting effects were noted on relative binding affinities of the two series of agonist sequences chosen, DPhe(5)(or Tyr(5))-c[Cys(6)-Phe(7)-DTrp(8)-Lys(9)-Thr(10)-Cys(11)]Thr(12)-NH(2) (SRIF numbering), at the five known human somatostatin receptors transfected into and stably expressed by CHO cells. N-Methylation of residues 7 (Phe), 10 (Thr), 11 (Cys), and 12 (Thr) largely destroyed affinities for all five receptors. N-Methylation of DTrp in the DPhe series gave an analogue with extraordinarily high affinity for the type 5 receptor for which it was also quite selective. N-Methylation of Lys in both series resulted in retention of type 2 affinity despite this residue constituting the "active center" of somatostatin peptides. N-Methylation of either the N-terminal Tyr residue or of Cys(6) in the Tyr series resulted in analogues with extraordinarily high affinity for the type 3 receptor, also with a degree of specificity. N-Methylation of the peptide bond constrains the conformational space of the amino acid and eliminates the possibility of donor hydrogen bond formation from the amide linkage. The beta-bend conformation of the agonists around DTrp-Lys is stabilized by a transannular intramolecular hydrogen bond(s) between Phe(7) and Thr(10) so methylation of these residues eliminates this source of stabilization. It is expected that several of these analogues will provide additional tools for determining some of the physiological roles played by type 3 and 5 somatostatin receptors which are still far from being fully elucidated.