gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of errors in source parameters on phase velocity measurements of surface waves (1996)

Abstract The phase of both Love and Rayleigh waves can be very sensitive to errors in the source parameters. This unstable behavior of the phase depends on the source parameters and is frequency dependent. Fractional errors larger than 10° in the phase measurements can arise when realistic errors in the source parameters are considered. When these phase measurements are interpreted as phase velocity, uncertainties up to 3% can occur when errors in the source parameters are considered. The frequency bands where the unstable behavior occurs can be found by calculating the partial derivative of the initial phase with respect to the various source parameters. We have tested this method on a Rayleigh wave data set and find a good correlation between outliers in the data set and large partial derivatives of the source parameters.
Delay Alignment Control for 5G Multi Connectivity (2018)

In fifth generation wireless systems, multi-point transmission will be used to counter the increasing radio shadowing at high carrier frequencies. Due to fading and varying delays over the IP-connections to the transmission nodes, the travel time of data from the source to the application may vary significantly between the different transmission paths. In case of e.g. video streaming this could result in packet reordering problems, leading to protocol resets. The paper therefore develops and evaluates a new delay alignment feedback controller that simultaneously aims to control the delay and the delay skew between the transmission paths. Simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed data flow delay controller. The delay skew controller is also analyzed and proved to yield a globally L2 stable feedback system.
Second Harmonic Operation at 460 GHz and Broadband Continuous Frequency Tuning of a Gyrotron Oscillator (2005)

We report the short-pulse operation of a 460 GHz gyrotron oscillator both at the fundamental (near 230 GHz) and second harmonic (near 460 GHz) of electron cyclotron resonance. During operation in a microsecond pulse length regime with 13-kV beam voltage and 110-mA beam current, the instrument generates several watts of power in two second harmonic modes, the TE/sub 2,6,1/ at 456.15 GHz and the TE/sub 0,6,1/ at 458.56 GHz. Operation in the fundamental modes, including the TE/sub 0,3,1/ mode at 237.91 GHz and the TE/sub 2,3,1/ at 233.15 GHz, is observed at output powers up to 70 W. Further, we demonstrate broadband continuous frequency tuning of the fundamental modes of the oscillator over a range of more than 2 GHz through variation of the magnetic field alone. We interpret these results in terms of smooth transitions between higher order axial modes of the resonator. The 460 GHz gyrotron is currently being processed for continuous duty operation, where it will serve as a microwave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) studies at 16 T (700 MHz /sup 1/H), a field strength which is two-fold higher than has been accessible with previous technology.
A Novel 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic Acid Analogue as a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A chlorinated nonacyclic carbazole-based acceptor affords over 15% efficiency in organic solar cells (2019)

A systematic approach involving conjugation extension and end group chlorination is capable of enhancing both <italic>J</italic><sub>SC</sub> and PCE. Overall, the PM6:DTTC-4Cl-based device delivers a remarkable PCE of 15.42% with a <italic>V</italic><sub>OC</sub> of 0.92 V, a <italic>J</italic><sub>SC</sub> of 22.64 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and an FF of 74.04%.
Recent achievements in developing selective Gq inhibitors (2019)

G proteins are key mediators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, facilitating a plethora of important physiological processes. The role of G proteins is much less understood than other aspects of GPCR function, which is largely due to the shortage of potent and selective G protein inhibitors. The natural cyclic depsipeptides YM-254890 and FR900359 are two of the very few known selective inhibitors of the G<sub>q</sub> subfamily, and are used as unique pharmacological tools in the study of G <sub>q</sub> -mediated signaling. Moreover, a peptide-based G protein antagonist-2A (GP-2A), a 27-residue peptide (27mer(I860A)) derived from phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3), and the small molecule BIM-46187 have also been characterized as selective G <sub>q</sub> inhibitors within the past 5 years. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical syntheses, characterization, and mechanism of action of these selective G <sub>q</sub> inhibitors. The development and application of G <sub>q</sub> -selective inhibitors will expand our knowledge of the structure and function of G protein-mediated signaling, shed light on the development of inhibitors for other G protein classes, and feed in to drug discovery for diseases where G proteins are implicated, including various forms of cancer.
Study on dynamic wavelength allocation between Uplink and downlink in mobile fronthaul (2014)

We verify the statistical multiplexing effect of dynamic wavelength allocation in the up- and downlinks of fronthaul links assuming a wavelength division multiplexing transmission architecture for aggregating multiple fronthaul links.
Selective Loss of the Suppressor-Inducer T-Cell Subset in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (1987)

The T4+ lymphocyte population includes a subset that induces suppressor T lymphocytes (T8+ cells) and can be distinguished by dual-color fluorescence analysis with anti-2H4 and anti-T4 monoclonal antibodies. To investigate the possible role of these cells in multiple sclerosis, we used anti-2H4 antibody to characterize peripheral-blood lymphocyte subsets in 63 patients with multiple sclerosis that was progressive, stable, or acute (relapsing-remitting). Twenty-three of 37 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis had a selective decrease in the number and percentage of peripheral-blood T cells that induce suppressor cells (T4+2H4+ cells), whereas only 3 of 16 patients with stable disease and 2 of 10 patients in the midst of an acute attack had a significant decrease. These selective decreases of circulating T4+2H4+ cells occurred in only 1 of 34 patient controls with other neurologic diseases and in 2 of 50 healthy controls (P less than 0.0001 by Fisher's exact test). The absolute number of T4+2H4+ cells and the percentage of reactivity in the populations studied were 187 +/- 28 per cubic millimeter and 8.3 +/- 1 percent in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis; 353 +/- 60 per cubic millimeter and 14.5 +/- 2 percent in patients with stable disease; 368 +/- 72 and 14.6 +/- 2.1 percent in patients with acute disease; 402 +/- 64 and 15.6 +/- 2 percent in controls with other neurologic diseases; and 519 +/- 44 and 19.7 +/- 1 percent in healthy controls. Functional studies using a pokeweed mitogen-driven IgG assay demonstrated a correlation between decreased numbers of T4+2H4+ cells and increased production of IgG in vitro. Family studies showed that the 2H4 antigen was not part of an inherited polymorphic antigenic determinant. Our results suggest that in progressive multiple sclerosis decreases in inducers of suppressor T cells may permit the activation of cells reactive with elements of the central nervous system.
Online transient isotachophoresis concentration by the pseudo-terminating electrolyte buffer for the separation of DNA–aptamer and its thrombin complex in poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip (2011)

Online automatic transient isotachophoresis concentration of DNA-aptamer and its thrombin complex by using one kind of pseudo-terminating electrolyte buffer in a cross-channel poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip is reported. Sample injection, transient concentration and separation were done continuously and controlled by a sequential voltage switching program, time-consuming steps and complicated chip design were not required. Peak resolution between DNA-aptamer and its thrombin complex was influenced by this novel pseudo-terminating electrolyte buffer, which was prepared by the addition of chemical component with slow mobility into the same buffer as leading electrolyte buffer. 1100-fold signal enhancement of thrombin complex was achieved by this transient isotachophoresis on a standard cross-form microchip. The concentration effect or standing time of transient isotachophoresis was proved to be influenced by the concentration of leading electrolyte ion and the concentration of pseudo-terminating electrolyte buffer ion (glycine). The transient concentration was followed by on-chip nondenaturing gel electrophoresis in methylcellulose solution for the size-based separation. The detection limit, taken as the lowest thrombin concentration at threefold S/N, was determined to be 0.5 amol in mass by this method.
Effects of Anti-Block/Processing Aid Combinations On Lldpe Blown Film Extrusion (1989)

Anti-block agents differing in composition, structure, and surface coating were compounded with fluorocarbon elastomer polymer processing aids (PPAs) in linear low density polyethylene. Separate and combined masterbatches of 20% anti-block and 2% PPA were melt mixed and let down to 5000 ppm and 500 ppm respectively. Preliminary investigation of the combined PPA/anti-block masterbatches by capil lary rheometer identified wide ranging differences when comparing equilibrium melt viscosity and melt fracture onset. Synthetic silicas appeared to show the great est decrease in PPA performance while ceramic micro-spheres caused little change. Further studies were conducted on a commercial film line at shear rates of 750 s -1 . Results showed that the PPA was generally more effective when incorporated as a separate masterbatch than when compounded with the anti-block. For example, melt fracture could only be eliminated in the presence of diatomaceous earth and the PPA when the two were compounded separately. In the case of calcium carbonate and ceramic spheres, melt fracture was eliminated in the combined samples but equilib rium pressures were higher and equilibrium times were longer. Coated silicas showed less interference with PPA performance than did their uncoated analogs when used in a combined masterbatch.
Accessing the Medial Surface of the Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery via the Contralateral Interoptic Trajectory: An Anatomical Study (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Aneurysms arising on the medial surface of the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are surgically challenging. Using the space between bilateral optic nerves, the contralateral interoptic (CIO) trajectory can partially expose the medial paraclinoid ICA. In this study, we quantitatively measured the accessible area of the medial ICA through the CIO trajectory and offered a potential patient selection algorism based on the preoperative angiogram. METHODS: The CIO trajectory was performed on 10 sides of cadaveric heads, through which the paraclinoid ICA was identified. The falciform ligament medial to the contralateral optic nerve was incised to avoid injuring the contralateral optic nerve. The contralateral optic nerve was gently elevated and the medial surface of the paraclinoid ICA was inspected via different angles to obtain the maximal exposure. The accessible area was painted with a dye, the distance from the distal dural ring (DDR) to the proximal and distal boarders of this accessible area was measured. The superior and inferior borders were measured using the clockface method relative to a vertical line on the coronal plane. RESULTS: The average distances from DDR to the proximal and distal end of the accessible area are [Mean ± SD] 2.7 ± 1.65 and 8.8 ± 2.35 mm, respectively. On the coronal plane, the average angles of the superior and inferior end of the accessible area relative to a vertical line are 24.3 ± 16.50° and 129.3 ± 15.40°, respectively. CONCLUSION: Through a CIO trajectory, the paraclinoid ICA can be exposed 2.7 8.8 mm distal to the DDR on the sagittal plane and 24.3 16.5° medially on the coronal plane. Aneurysms with necks falling within this range can be accessed via a CIO trajectory, which can offer a reference of preoperative parameters for patients' selection.
Chronic hypobaric hypoxia, patent arterial duct and a new interventional technique to close it (2011)

We conclude that the "Nit-Occlud® PDA-R" device is safe and effective in closing patent arterial duct up to a diameter of 8 millimetres.
Operational NIR-red algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration from satellite data in inland and coastal waters (2014)

We present here results that strongly support the use of NIR-red algorithms, developed based on the spectral channels of MERIS, as standard tools for estimating chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in turbid productive waters. We used an extensive set of MERIS imagery and in situ data collected between 2008 and 2010 in the Azov Sea and the Taganrog Bay, Russia. The overall estimation errors were only 5.5% of the total range of chl-a concentrations measured, illustrating the high accuracy of the MERIS-based NIR-red algorithms without the need for case-specific re-parameterization. The NIR-red algorithms were also applied to a series of images acquired by HICO over the same region in 2012–13, after the demise of MERIS. The results demonstrated the strong potential of HICO as a reliable tool for determining coastal water quality.
Identification and control of a model helicopter in hover (2005)

A state-space model for a small radio-controlled helicopter in hover is developed. Linear estimation is used to identify parameters of the model. The parameter variances are used to develop an uncertainty description of the system. An LQG controller with setpoint tracking is designed and implemented on this system.
Investigation of the effect of structure modification of furamidine on the DNA minor groove binding and antiprotozoal activity (2023)

New analogs of the antiprotozoal agent Furamidine were prepared utilizing Stille coupling reactions and amidation of the bisnitrile intermediate using lithium bis-trimethylsilylamide. Both the phenyl groups and the furan moiety of furamidine were replaced by heterocycles including thiophene, selenophene, indole or benzimidazole. Based upon the ΔTm and the CD results, the new compounds showed strong binding to the DNA minor groove. The new analogues are also more active both in vitro and in vivo than furamidine. Compounds 7a, 7b, and 7f showed the highest activity in vivo by curing 75% of animals, and this merits further evaluation.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Rescue of cardiac defects in id knockout embryos by injection of embryonic stem cells. (2004)

We report that Id knockout mouse embryos display multiple cardiac defects, but mid-gestation lethality is rescued by the injection of 15 wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells into mutant blastocysts. Myocardial markers altered in Id mutant cells are restored to normal throughout the chimeric myocardium. Intraperitoneal injection of ES cells into female mice before conception also partially rescues the cardiac phenotype with no incorporation of ES cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1, a long-range secreted factor, in combination with WNT5a, a locally secreted factor, likely account for complete reversion of the cardiac phenotype. Thus, ES cells have the potential to reverse congenital defects through Id-dependent local and long-range effects in a mammalian embryo. PMID: 15472070 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01CA107429 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: KO1HL076568 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA107429 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: K01 HL076568
“The Newton of the Grass-Blade” (2014)

Pre-war bronze statue of Claude Bernard, requisitioned by the Germans in 1941 and replaced in 1946 by the current stone replica, ARR Claude Bernard was born in 1813, and we are celebrating his 200th birthday. The celebration seems timid compared to the value of the work of the inventor of physiology. It is true that Bernard had the bearing of a man of dis­tinction and that, if my memory serves me right, his Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicin, as it was fed to several generatio...
Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA2LEN paper (2008)

Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) can be defined as a chronic nasal inflammation which is not caused by systemic IgE-dependent mechanisms. It is common and probably affects far more than 200 million people worldwide. Both children and adults are affected. However, its exact prevalence is unknown and its phenotypes need to be evaluated using appropriate methods to better understand its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. It is important to differentiate between infectious rhinitis, allergic/NAR and chronic rhinosinusitis, as management differs for each of these cases. Characterization of the phenotype, mechanisms and management of NAR represents one of the major unmet needs in allergic and nonallergic diseases. Studies on children and adults are required in order to appreciate the prevalence, phenotype, severity and co-morbidities of NAR. These studies should compare allergic and NAR and consider different age group populations including elderly subjects. Mechanistic studies should be carried out to better understand the disease(s) and risk factors and to guide towards an improved diagnosis and therapy. These studies need to take the heterogeneity of NAR into account. It is likely that neuronal mechanisms, T cells, innate immunity and possibly auto-immune responses all play a role in NAR and may also contribute to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Mechanisms Underlying Improvements in Ejection Fraction With Carvedilol in Heart Failure (2009)

Decreased HR, improved chamber contractility and afterload reduction each contributed significantly to improved EF with carvedilol.
A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Understanding Deep Networks (2019)

Deep neural networks have achieved tremendous success in various fields including medical image segmentation. However, they have long been criticized for being a black-box, in that interpretation, understanding and correcting architectures is difficult as there is no general theory for deep neural network design. Previously, precision learning was proposed to fuse deep architectures and traditional approaches. Deep networks constructed in this way benefit from the original known operator, have fewer parameters, and improved interpretability. However, they do not yield state-of-the-art performance in all applications. In this paper, we propose to analyze deep networks using known operators, by adopting a divide-and-conquer strategy to replace network components, whilst retaining its performance. The task of retinal vessel segmentation is investigated for this purpose. We start with a high-performance U-Net and show by step-by-step conversion that we are able to divide the network into modules of known operators. The results indicate that a combination of a trainable guided filter and a trainable version of the Frangi filter yields a performance at the level of U-Net (AUC 0.974 vs. 0.972) with a tremendous reduction in parameters (111,536 vs. 9,575). In addition, the trained layers can be mapped back into their original algorithmic interpretation and analyzed using standard tools of signal processing.
Progress on Ultra-High Efficiency, High-Concentration PV System Based on Spectral Division Between A GaInP/GaInAs/Ge and BPC Silicon Cells (2011)

A novel high concentration (&gt;500×)/high efficiency concept is presented. It uses combines a commercial concentration GaInP/GaInAs/Ge (3J) cell and a concentration Back-Point-Contact (BPC) silicon cell for enhanced spectral utilization, and external confinement techniques to recover the light reflected at the 3J cell. The primary optical element (POE) is a flat Fresnel lens and the secondary optical element (SOE) is a free-form RXI-type concentrator with a band-pass filter embedded into it, with both optical parts performing Köhler integration to produce light homogenization over the cells. The band-pass filter sends the IR photons in the 900-1200 nm band (originally meant to feed the Ge bottom junction, which has an excess of current) to the silicon cell. Computer simulations predict that four-terminal terminal designs could achieve ~46% added cell efficiencies using commercial 39% 3J and 26% Si cells. A first proof-of-concept receiver prototype has been manufactured using a simpler optical architecture (with a lower concentration, ~100× and lower achievable efficiency), and experimental measurements have shown up to 39.8% 4J receiver efficiency using a 36.9% 3J cell. The current efforts are focused on demonstrating the full potential of the concept, by rising the concentration (to permit the cells work at their best) and by enhancing the proof of concept receiver (particularly, the band-pass filter).
Resection of Acute Ventricular Aneurysm and Ruptured Interventricular Septum after Myocardial Infarction (1970)

AMONG the anatomic derangements that follow myocardial infarction are perforation of the interventricular septum, infarction or rupture of papillary muscle and the development of ventricular aneurysm. Although there have been numerous reports of successful repair of these defects several months after the acute infarction, only a few reports have appeared describing successful early or emergency surgical repair of complications of myocardial infarction.1 2 3 The present report describes successful resection of an acute infarction of both the ventricular wall and the interventricular septum.Case ReportA 69-year-old woman, acutely ill and sweating, was admitted to the hospital after 5 hours of crushing . . .
Upconversion processes, luminescence kinetics, and cw diode-pumped 2.8-μm laser action in Er-doped double-fluoride crystals (2001)

We studied theoretically and experimentally the luminescence decay from excited erbium levels and laser action at 2.8 micrometers of lithium-yttrium double-fluoride LiYF<SUB>4</SUB>:Er<SUP>3+</SUP> (YLF:Er<SUP>3+</SUP>) crystals. Experimental studies of the luminescence decay curves were carried out using selective laser excitation at <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB> level by Q-switch pulsed Yb-Er glass laser ((lambda) <SUB>pumpequals</SUB>1.53micrometers ). The spectroscopic model was developed to simulate the population kinetics of excited Er levels, emitting in VIS and IR spectral regions including the 3micrometers laser transition levels in YLF:Er<SUP>3+</SUP> crystals. The rate equations for the six lowest energy levels of YLF:Er<SUP>3+</SUP> were numerically solved for short pulse excitation. It is shown the theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. Single mode CW laser action at 2.8-micrometers was demonstrated in YLF:Er<SUB>3+</SUB> and Ba Y<SUB>2</SUB>F<SUB>8</SUB>:Er<SUP>3PLU</SUP> crystals under LD pumping for the first time. Output power as high as 0.32 W and slope efficiencies about 20% were obtained with YLF:Er<SUP>3+</SUP> (10%) laser rod in longitudinal pump scheme. No spike structure was observed in output beam. The dependence's of output power versus absorbed pump power were studied in laser rods with erbium concentrations10 at. % using LD pumping module (Model DL-5M) with fiber output.