gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-activated lymph node fibroblasts suppress T cell function in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2023)

Recent transcriptomic-based analysis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has highlighted the clinical relevance of LN fibroblast and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts in lymphoma remains unclear. Here, by studying human and mouse DLBCL-LNs, we identified the presence of an aberrantly remodeled fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network expressing elevated fibroblast-activated protein (FAP). RNA-Seq analyses revealed that exposure to DLBCL reprogrammed key immunoregulatory pathways in FRCs, including a switch from homeostatic to inflammatory chemokine expression and elevated antigen-presentation molecules. Functional assays showed that DLBCL-activated FRCs (DLBCL-FRCs) hindered optimal TIL and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell migration. Moreover, DLBCL-FRCs inhibited CD8+ TIL cytotoxicity in an antigen-specific manner. Notably, the interrogation of patient LNs with imaging mass cytometry identified distinct environments differing in their CD8+ TIL-FRC composition and spatial organization that associated with survival outcomes. We further demonstrated the potential to target inhibitory FRCs to rejuvenate interacting TILs. Cotreating organotypic cultures with FAP-targeted immunostimulatory drugs and a bispecific antibody (glofitamab) augmented antilymphoma TIL cytotoxicity. Our study reveals an immunosuppressive role of FRCs in DLBCL, with implications for immune evasion, disease pathogenesis, and optimizing immunotherapy for patients.
Effects of the polymer residues on via contact resistance after reactive ion etching (2002)

The effects of CF4 addition to O2 reactive ion etching (RIE) of a polyetherimide (Ultem®) surface and resultant via contact resistance were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), and cross bridge Kelvin resistor (CBKR). In pure O2 RIE, the SEM micrograph showed that the originally smooth Ultem surface became rough and the rough features coarsened with increasing RIE time, resulting in residual particles on the metal pads. However, in the case of O2+CF4 RIE, the Ultem surface remained smooth throughout the etching process, and residue free metal pads were obtained. The XPS experiments identified that the origin of the Ultem surface roughening was organo-Si compound, which is easily converted to silicon oxide during O2 RIE. In contrast, the atomic fluorine in O2+CF4 RIE process etched out the silicon and the silicon oxide, resulting in smooth film surface and residue free metal pads. The metal to metal via contact resistance was measured by CBKR, and the pattern fabricated by O2+CF4 RIE showed lower contact resistance than those by O2 RIE. These results are discussed in the criterion of contact area and contact conformality differences.
Achieving Optimal Fairness from Biased Coinflips (2001)

We explore the problem of transforming n biased, independently identically distributed, {—1, 1}-valued random variables, X 1,…, X n, into a single {—1, 1} random variable, f(X 1,…, X n), so that this result is as unbiased as possible. We perform the first quantitative study of the relationship between the bias b of these X i, \(X_i ,b = \mathbb{E}\left( {X_i } \right)\) and the rate at which f(X 1,…, X n) can converge to an unbiased {—1, 1} random variable (as n → ∞). In general, it is not possible to produce a totally unbiased output. Moreover, quite different behavior can be observed, depending on whether the bias is rational or irrational, algebraic or transcendental. A perhaps surprising common property of all our results is that the magnitude of the input bias b has only secondary influence on the achievable output bias of f.For rational biases we explicitly construct a polynomial time (in n) computable function f(X 1,…, X n) achieving the optimal output bias.We give a metrical result, stating that for (Lebesgue) almost all biases b ∈ [0, 1], a perfectly unbiased output can be produced. This result is derived from a new metrical result on multi-dimensional Diophantine approximation and uniform distribution mod 1.When the bias is an algebraic number, we demonstrate a curious “boundary behavior” which to some extent coincides with whether the bias is an algebraic integer or not.
In Situ Methylammonium Chloride-Assisted Perovskite Crystallization Strategy for High-Performance Solar Cells (2022)

The optimization of perovskite crystallization is critical to achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In the standard crystallization methods, the additives play an important role not only in optimizing the crystallization but also passivating the defect states of perovskite films. Methylammonium chloride (MACl) is one of the frequently used additives in this regard. However, the performance mechanism of MACl in the perovskite crystallization process still needs more investigation. This work presents the quality improvement of a perovskite film using MACl vapor as an external chlorine source. The in situ 2D-GIXRD and real-time X-ray diffraction characterizations provide a better understanding the performance mechanism of MACl. Our results demonstrate that exposing the perovskite film to the MACl vapor during the crystallization process can effectively enhance the film quality in addition to enlarging the grain sizes. As a result, the MAPbI3 film optimized by our process leads to highly efficient PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼21%.
A high-coverage shRNA screen identifies TMEM129 as an E3 ligase involved in ER-associated protein degradation (2014)

Misfolded ER proteins are retrotranslocated into the cytosol for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The human cytomegalovirus protein US11 exploits this ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway to downregulate HLA class I molecules in virus-infected cells, thereby evading elimination by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. US11-mediated degradation of HLA class I has been instrumental in the identification of key components of mammalian ERAD, including Derlin-1, p97, VIMP and SEL1L. Despite this, the process governing retrotranslocation of the substrate is still poorly understood. Here using a high-coverage genome-wide shRNA library, we identify the uncharacterized protein TMEM129 and the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2J2 to be essential for US11-mediated HLA class I downregulation. TMEM129 is an unconventional C4C4-type RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that resides within a complex containing various other ERAD components, including Derlin-1, Derlin-2, VIMP and p97, indicating that TMEM129 is an integral part of the ER-resident dislocation complex mediating US11-induced HLA class I degradation.
Finite Time Input-to-State Stability of Discrete Time Autonomous Systems (2023)

We consider the finite time input-to-state stability of autonomous discrete time systems, where the state enters a ball around the origin, with a radius determined by the input magnitude, in finite time. This extends the notion of classical input to state stability where this condition is only achieved asymptotically. We provide several types of Lyapunov functions that guarantee finite time input-to-state stability and characterize their equivalence. We also give converse Lyapunov theorems correcting a mistake in [1].
Electronic structures and spectra of nitrido complexes of osmium(VI) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structures and spectra of nitrido complexes of osmium(VI)C. D. Cowman, W. C. Trogler, K. R. Mann, C. K. Poon, and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 8, 1747–1751Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50162a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50162a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep nonlinear ablation of silicon with a quasi-continuous wave fiber laser at 1070 nm (2013)

We achieve high aspect-ratio laser ablation of silicon with a strong nonlinear dependence on pulse duration while using a power density 10(6) times less than the threshold for typical multiphoton-mediated ablation. This is especially counter-intuitive as silicon is nominally transparent to the modulated continuous wave Yb:fiber laser used in the experiments. We perform time-domain finite-element simulations of thermal dynamics to investigate thermo-optical coupling and link the observed machining to an intensity-thresholded runaway thermo-optically nonlinear process. This effect, cascaded absorption, is qualitatively different from ablation observed using nanosecond-duration pulses and is general enough to potentially facilitate high-quality, high aspect-ratio, and economical processing of many materials.
ChemInform Abstract: The Origin of Cellular Life (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Coumarins and Quinolones by Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Reactions of Titanium Enediolates. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From Distillation to Hard Negative Sampling: Making Sparse Neural IR Models More Effective (2022)

Neural retrievers based on dense representations combined with Approximate Nearest Neighbors search have recently received a lot of attention, owing their success to distillation and/or better sampling of examples for training -- while still relying on the same backbone architecture. In the meantime, sparse representation learning fueled by traditional inverted indexing techniques has seen a growing interest, inheriting from desirable IR priors such as explicit lexical matching. While some architectural variants have been proposed, a lesser effort has been put in the training of such models. In this work, we build on SPLADE -- a sparse expansion-based retriever -- and show to which extent it is able to benefit from the same training improvements as dense models, by studying the effect of distillation, hard-negative mining as well as the Pre-trained Language Model initialization. We furthermore study the link between effectiveness and efficiency, on in-domain and zero-shot settings, leading to state-of-the-art results in both scenarios for sufficiently expressive models.
Automated forms-processing software and services (1996)

While document-image systems for the management of collections of documents, such as forms, offer significant productivity improvements, the entry of information from documents remains a labor-intensive and costly task for most organizations. In this paper, we describe a software system for the machine reading of forms data from their scanned images. We describe its major components: form recognition and “dropout,” intelligent character recognition (ICR), and contextual checking. Finally, we describe applications for which our automated forms reader has been successfully used.
USO DE SMARTWATCH NO AUXÍLIO A MONITORAÇÃO DE ARRITMIAS CARDÍACAS / USAGE OF SMARTWATCH TO ASSIST MONITORING OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS (2020)

Doenças cardiovasculares são as que mais matam no mundo, e dentre estas as mais comuns são as arritmias cardíacas. O socorro imediato desses pacientes se faz necessário. Com a popularização dos Smartwatches, esses dispositivos têm se tornado uma ferramenta alternativa para a monitoração desses indivíduos. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é auxiliar no monitoramento constante desses pacientes, utilizando um Smartwatch para medir sua frequência cardíaca (FC), e gerando um alerta a um contato de emergência ao detectar alguma anormalidade. Para isso foi desenvolvido o Sistema de Monitoramento de Arritmias Cardíacas que consiste em um Back-end em Node.JS para o desenvolvimento da API e de MongoDB para o banco de dados, e como Front-end um aplicativo Android. Dessa maneira, o sistema possibilita um rápido socorro à indivíduos com arritmia. E ainda gera um histórico de FC enquanto o paciente executa diferentes atividades diárias gerando um diagnóstico mais assertivo.
CellOS: Zero-touch Softwarized Open Cellular Networks (2020)

Current cellular networks rely on closed and inflexible infrastructure tightly controlled by a handful of vendors. Their configuration requires vendor support and lengthy manual operations, which prevent Telco Operators (TOs) from unlocking the full network potential and from performing fine grained performance optimization, especially on a per-user basis. To address these key issues, this paper introduces CellOS, a fully automated optimization and management framework for cellular networks that requires negligible intervention (“zero-touch”). CellOS leverages softwarization and automatic optimization principles to bridge Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and cross-layer optimization. Unlike state-of-the-art SDN-inspired solutions for cellular networking, CellOS: (i) Hides low-level network details through a general virtual network abstraction; (ii) allows TOs to define high-level control objectives to dictate the desired network behavior without requiring knowledge of optimization techniques, and (iii) automatically generates and executes distributed control programs for simultaneous optimization of heterogeneous control objectives on multiple network slices. CellOS has been implemented and evaluated on an indoor testbed with two different LTE-compliant implementations: OpenAirInterface and srsLTE. We further demonstrated CellOS capabilities on the long-range outdoor POWDER-RENEW PAWR 5G platform. Results from scenarios with multiple base stations and users show that CellOS is platform-independent and self-adapts to diverse network deployments. Our investigation shows that CellOS outperforms existing solutions on key metrics, including throughput (up to 86% improvement), energy efficiency (up to 84%) and fairness (up to 29%).
MANAGING THE INFECTED ARTHROPLASTY: CLEANOUT, ONE-STAGE OR TWO-STAGE (2018)

Infection after shoulder arthroplasty is an uncommon but devastating complication with a reported incidence from 0% to 4%. Prop. Acnes is the most common organism responsible for infection following rotator cuff surgery, instability surgery, ORIF proximal humerus fractures, and shoulder arthroplasty. A detailed history is critical because many patients have a history of difficulty with wound healing or drainage. Prop. Acnes typically does not start to grow until Day 5, therefore it is critical to keep cultures a minimum of 10 to 14 days.Diagnosis can be difficult, particularly among patients undergoing revision surgery. The majority of patients with a low grade infection do not have overt signs of infection such as erythema or sinus tracts. Pre-operative lab values as well as intra-operative pathology have been shown to be unreliable in predicting who will have positive cultures at the time of revision surgery.There are a number of options for treating a patient with a post-operative infection. Important ...
Giant Magnetoresistance in As-Grown Epitaxial Films of Phase-Separated Co-Cu and Co-Ag (1993)

Giant magnetoresistance is reported in As-grown, epitaxial Co-Cu and Co-Ag alloy layers. The (111)- and (001)-oriented films were deposited onto (0001) sapphire and (001) rocksalt substrates, respectively, by co-evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum. Phase separation of the Co and Cu or Ag was obtained without any annealing after growth. The magnetoresistance at 4.2 K exceeded 50% and 70% in Co-Cu and Co-Ag films, respectively, and for films deposited at ≃ 250 °C a significant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was observed in both magnetoresistance and magnetization studies. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the characteristic diameter and separation of Co clusters are approximately 25 Å and 76 Å, respectively, in (111) Co-Ag films grown at 250 °C.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Small-Molecule IAP Antagonists Sensitize Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis: Roles of XIAP and cIAPs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 2226KB, Cell viability assays of A) breast cancer cell lines treated with increasing concentrations of the indicated IAP antagonists, B) cancer cells isolated from a patient mammary tumor fragment pretreated with vehicle or 5 μM of the indicated IAP antagonists for 4 h before treatment with TRAIL for a further 20 h, C) MDA-MB-231 cells pretreated with vehicle or 5 μM of the indicated IAP antagonists for 20 h before treatment with TRAIL for a further 20 h and D) MDA-MB-231 cells pretreated with vehicle, 100 μM 3-FC, 5 μM MLS-0390982 or both for 4 h before treatment with TRAIL for a further 20 h. E) Caspase-3/-7 activity assay with NB7 cells expressing empty vector (NB7+Empty Vector), caspase-8 or inactive caspase-8 (C360A) pretreated with 5 μM SBI-0636457 before treatment with 100 ng/mL TRAIL for 4 h. Activity is in relative units.&lt;/p&gt;
[Current broncholytic and expectorant therapy of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. (1987)

Correction of the obstructive syndrome in patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases using modern broncholytics and expectorants is considered. The chief mechanisms of the formation of the obstructive syndrome (bronchospastic and obturation ones as a result of mucociliary transport disorder) are described. The authors propose a scheme of differential clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the above mechanisms of bronchial permeability disorder. Modern broncholytics and expectorants are characterized, mechanisms of their action and practical aspects of their application in chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases are discussed.
Thioamides in the collagen triple helix (2015)

To probe noncovalent interactions within the collagen triple helix, backbone amides were replaced with a thioamide isostere. This subtle substitution is the first in the collagen backbone that does not compromise thermostability. A triple helix with a thioamide as a hydrogen bond donor was found to be more stable than triple helices assembled from isomeric thiopeptides.
Surgical salvage of chemorefractory germ cell tumors. (1993)

Selected patients with chemorefractory but resectable germ cell tumors have definite potential for cure with salvage surgery.
OP:Sense &#x2014; An integrated rapid development environment in the context of robot assisted surgery and operation room sensing (2011)

In this video we show the capabilities of the OP:Sense system. OP:Sense is an integrated rapid application development environment for robot assisted surgery. It mainly aims on MIRS and on open head neurosurgery as OP:Sense is developed for the EU Projects FP7 SAFROS and FP7 ACTIVE that aim on these use-cases. Besides the framework, OP:Sense also integrates applications. Thus it is not only the framework itself but also a system that demonstrates how robots can be used for surgical interventions. Core of the system is the ACE TAO framework [1] [2] that implements realtime CORBA for communication between distributed systems. We built interfaces based on CORBA for use in Matlab and Simulink. Also there are modules for 3D Slicer and applications for the control of devices like robots, or surgical tools. As Matlab is a mighty tool for rapid application development it can be used to develop applications in a faster way compared to using C++ or similar programming languages. We use Matlab for setting up our environment and for tasks and computations that does not need to run in realtime. For Realtime tasks like telemanipulation we use Simulink models.
Neural systems that facilitate the representation of social rank (2022)

Across species, animals organize into social dominance hierarchies that serve to decrease aggression and facilitate survival of the group. Neuroscientists have adopted several model organisms to study dominance hierarchies in the laboratory setting, including fish, reptiles, rodents and primates. We review recent literature across species that sheds light onto how the brain represents social rank to guide socially appropriate behaviour within a dominance hierarchy. First, we discuss how the brain responds to social status signals. Then, we discuss social approach and avoidance learning mechanisms that we propose could drive rank-appropriate behaviour. Lastly, we discuss how the brain represents memories of individuals (social memory) and how this may support the maintenance of unique individual relationships within a social group. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
Study on sensitivity of interferometric radiometer (2007)

Since the late 80’s when interferometric radiometry started to be applied to Earth observation, much literature has addressed the question of radiometric sensitivity of the instrument, but all references are based on a relatively simple system model, where only incident target noise and receiver noise are taken into account. After Corbella presented his more complex equation of the visibilities to include antenna pattern characterization and antenna coupling, a review of the general expression of sensitivity is also necessary to include the impacts of antenna coupling and other system imperfections. This paper concerns about the sensitivity of a microwave imaging interferometric radiometer. By defining a general signal model of the total output of the receiver, the sensitivity is discussed in both redundancy and non-redundancy cases.
Application of Lorentz geometry to nonimaging optics: new three-dimensional ideal concentrators (1996)

A new family of three-dimensional ideal nonimaging concentrators with rotational symmetry is presented. The flow-line concentrator and the cone concentrator are particular cases of this family. First, we looked for elliptic bundles of rays, i.e., bundles such that the subset of rays passing through any point of the space forms a cone with an elliptic base (this search was done with the Lorentz geometry formalism.) Second, the concentrators, defined by their reflectors and receiver shapes, were derived from these elliptic bundles with the flow-line design method.