gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES DEVELOPED FOR THE ACTIVE TARGETING OF DRUGS (2017)

The ability to selectively deliver a drug to a specific organs or tissues is called â€œdrug targetingâ€. This approach was initially reported by Paul Erlich describing a magic bullet able to act selectively towards a specific pharmacological target. In the pharmaceutical technology field the concept described by Ehrlich defines products able to selectively deliver and release the drug in a specific site thanks to the action of three components: i) an inert and water soluble polymeric carrier; ii) a biodegradable spacer linking polymer and drug; iii) a drug covalently linked to the spacer. Moreover, it is possible to add to the system a targeting agent that improve the targeting ability towards target cells reducing the nonspecific interaction of the system with normal ones. The active targeting is obtained through functionalization with portions that confer the ability to: i) recognize and specifically bind receptors overexpressed on the target cells or tissues (i.e. monoclonal antibodies or fragments, folate, transferrin); ii) be able to respond to local stimuli present in the pathological area; iii) allow the penetration of the drug into the target cells. The active targeting approach lead to an increased binding of the nanosystems to the specific site. The targeting ability is obtained thanks to the interaction of the targeting agents with specific antigens or receptors overexpressed on the target cells or tissues. The active targeted nanocarriers are characterized by increased drug uptake and reduced side effects.
Step-by-step instruction: using an endoscopic tack and suture device for gastrointestinal defect closure (2021)

Video 1Step-by-step demonstration of the assembly and setup of the tack and suture device during closure of a mucosal defect in a patient with a poorly healing postendoscopic mucosal resection ulcer.
Using SPICES for a better service consumption (2010)

In this poster we present SPICES (Semantic Platform for the Interaction and Consumption of Enriched Services), a Web based tool that automates the process of consuming a Web service by making use of the semantic annotations that describe them. SPICES supports both traditional WSDL services and RESTful ones and offers end-users the possibility of interacting with them in an easy yet personalised manner, without the need of advanced technical skills -which were traditionally required-, being the complexity that lies underneath hidden to them. SPICES is being developed within the European project SOA4All.
ChemInform Abstract: Original Synthesis of Linear, Branched and Cyclic Oligoglycerol Standards. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ferroelectric thin-film based electrically tunable Ku-band coplanar waveguide components (2002)

Barium strontium titanate Ba/sub 0.6/Sr/sub 0.4/TiO/sub 3/ thin-film based tunable coplanar waveguide (CPW) components were studied in this research. The CPW components modeled and experimentally verified include CPW transmission lines, resonators and 2-pole filters. The resonators and filters fabricated and tested exhibited a frequency tunability of approximately 3% for a bipolar bias voltage of /spl plusmn/100 V, corresponding to a peak biasing field of 40 kV/cm.
Scalable Pressure Sensor Based on Electrothermally Operated Resonator (2017)

We experimentally demonstrate a new pressure sensor that offers the flexibility of being scalable to small sizes up to the nano regime. Unlike conventional pressure sensors that rely on large diaphragms and big-surface structures, the principle of operation here relies on convective cooling of the air surrounding an electrothermally heated resonant structure, which can be a beam or a bridge. This concept is demonstrated using an electrothermally tuned and electrostatically driven MEMS resonator, which is designed to be deliberately curved. We show that the variation of pressure can be tracked accurately by monitoring the change in the resonance frequency of the resonator at a constant electrothermal voltage. We show that the range of the sensed pressure and the sensitivity of detection are controllable by the amount of the applied electrothermal voltage. Theoretically, we verify the device concept using a multi-physics nonlinear finite element model. The proposed pressure sensor is simple in principle and design and offers the possibility of further miniaturization to the nanoscale.
Applications of molecular modeling in nanolithography (1999)

The design of resist materials capable of resolution below 100 nm requires a fundamental understanding of the chemical and physical processes that occur at length scales comparable to the dimensions of individual molecules. At these length scales, the thermophysical properties of photoresist films are different from those of the bulk; molecular simulations provide a useful tool to study the behavior of these materials at the molecular level, thereby providing much needed insights into phenomena that are difficult to characterize experimentally. In our group we have developed and implemented molecular based simulations to study materials for nanolithography at various levels of detail. At the chemically detailed, atomistic level, molecular dynamics techniques are used to determine specific effects arising from the molecular architecture of the resist components. In these systems, we explore the intra- and intermolecular structure of the resist resin polymer. The chemical architecture of the resin influences the extent of hydrogen bonding throughout the resist, leading to differences between the diffusivity of water within each of the resins. At a more coarse-grained level, discontinuous molecular dynamics methods are employed to simulate entire resist films modeled as collections of atoms lumped into single interaction sites. While these models lose atomic resolution, the system sizes that can be investigated are two orders of magnitude larger than those studied at the atomistic level. This allows for the modeling of properties of entire photoresist films. We apply these calculations to investigate how the glass transition temperature changes at small film thickness (e.g., below 100 nm), and to investigate how the Young’s modulus of a developed photoresist feature is influenced by its dimensions. Our findings have important implications for the problem of feature collapse.
Analytical calculation of temperature profiles in solid state laser disks mounted on multi-layered heat spreaders using Hankel transforms (2017)

The main challenge in thin disk laser design is the realization of efficient heat removal from the pumped area by optimizing the heat spreading and the water impingement cooling. This generally requires calculating of the temperature distribution in the disk by numerically solving the heat conduction equation using finite element algorithms. We have developed a simple method to calculate disk temperature profiles that is based on analytically solving the heat conduction equation in Hankel Transform Space. This method can be applied to disks that are mounted on multi-layered, water-cooled heat spreaders, which may include glue or solder layers and dielectric coating layers. This allows parametric optimization of the heat removal process in pumped solid state and semiconductor disks without having to use finite-element programs.
Spatial atomic layer deposition: A route towards further industrialization of atomic layer deposition (2011)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique capable of producing ultrathin conformal films with atomic level control over thickness. A major drawback of ALD is its low deposition rate, making ALD less attractive for applications that require high throughput processing. An approach to overcome this drawback is spatial ALD, i.e., an ALD mode where the half-reactions are separated spatially instead of through the use of purge steps. This allows for high deposition rate and high throughput ALD without compromising the typical ALD assets. This paper gives a perspective of past and current developments in spatial ALD. The technology is discussed and the main players are identified. Furthermore, this overview highlights current as well as new applications for spatial ALD, with a focus on photovoltaics and flexible electronics.
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in patients and vaccinees following homologous and heterologous vaccinations (2022)

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has rapidly replaced the Delta variant of concern. This new variant harbors worrisome mutations on the spike protein, which are able to escape the immunity elicited by vaccination and/or natural infection. To evaluate the impact and susceptibility of different serum samples to the Omicron variant BA.1, samples from COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals were tested for their ability to bind and neutralize the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant BA.1. COVID-19 patients show the most drastic reduction in Omicron-specific antibody response in comparison with the response to the wild-type virus. Antibodies elicited by a triple homologous/heterologous vaccination regimen or following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with a two-dose vaccine course, result in highest neutralization capacity against the Omicron variant BA.1. Overall, these findings confirm that vaccination of COVID-19 survivors and booster dose to vaccinees with mRNA vaccines is the correct strategy to enhance the antibody cross-protection against Omicron variant BA.1.
Sparse Parametric Modeling Of The Early Part Of Acoustic Impulse Responses (2018)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Kos island, Greece, 2017
Connectionist based Dempster-Shafer evidential reasoning for data fusion (2005)

A network realization of the Dempster-Shafer evidential reasoning is developed, and it is further extended to a neural network, referred to as DSETNN, for dealing with the dependence of evidential sources. DSETNN is tuned for optimal performance through a supervised learning process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of DSETNN, we apply it to two benchmark pattern classification problems. Experiments reveal that DSETNN outperforms the Dempster-Shafer evidential reasoning, the majority voting, single source based results, and provides encouraging results in terms of classification accuracy and the speed of learning convergence.
431. The condensation of 2,2′-bipyrroles with 2-formylpyrroles and 5,5′-diformyldipyrromethanes (1963)

E. Bullock, R. Grigg, A. W. Johnson and J. W. F. Wasley, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 2326 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630002326
From δ-aminolevulinic acid to chlorophylls and every step in between: in memory of Constantin (Tino) A. Rebeiz, 1936–2019 (2020)

Constantin A. (Tino) Rebeiz, a pioneer in the field of chlorophyll biosynthesis, and a longtime member of the University of Illinois community of plant biologists, passed away on July 25, 2019. He came to the USA at a time that was difficult for members of minority groups to be in academia. However, his passion for the complexity of the biochemical origin of chlorophylls drove a career in basic sciences which extended into applied areas of environmentally friendly pesticides and treatment for skin cancer. He was a philanthropist; in retirement, he founded the Rebeiz Foundation for Basic Research which recognized excellence and lifetime achievements of selected top scientists in the general area of photosynthesis research. His life history, scientific breakthroughs, and community service hold important lessons for the field.
Strontium‐substituted hydroxyapatite stimulates osteogenesis on poly(propylene fumarate) nanocomposite scaffolds (2018)

Incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) into polymer networks is a promising strategy to enhance the mechanical properties and osteoinductivity of the composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this study, we designed a group of nanocomposite scaffolds based on cross-linkable poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and 30 wt % strontium-hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) nanoparticles. Four different Sr contents [Sr:(Sr + Ca), molar ratio] in the Sr-HA particles were studied: 0% (HA), 5% (Sr5-HA), 10% (Sr10-HA), and 20% (Sr20-HA). Two-dimensional (2D) disks were prepared using a thermal crosslinking method. The structure and surface morphology of different Sr-HA and PPF/Sr-HA composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To detect cellular responses in vitro, MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded and cultured on the different PPF/Sr-HA composite disks. Cell morphology after 24 h and 5 days were imaged using Live/Dead live cell staining and SEM, respectively. Cell proliferation was quantified using an MTS assay at 1, 4, and 7 days. Osteogenic differentiation of the cells was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining at 10 days and quantified using ALP activity and osteocalcin assays at 7, 14, and 21 days. The sizes of the HA, Sr5-HA, Sr10-HA, and Sr20-HA particles were mainly between 10 × 20 nm and 10 × 250 nm, and these nanoparticles were dispersed or clustered in the composite scaffolds. in vitro cell studies showed that the PPF/Sr10-HA scaffold was significantly better than the other three groups (PPF/HA, PPF/Sr5-HA, and PPF/Sr20-HA) in supporting MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. PPF/Sr10-HA may, therefore, serve as a promising scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 631-642, 2019.
Optimizing New-Vehicle Inventory at General Motors (2017)

This paper describes how General Motors (GM) uses operations research to optimize its new-vehicle inventory. The solution answers two complementary questions: (1) what is the optimal number of vehicles to build? and (2) what are the optimal vehicle configurations? To answer the first question, for each vehicle model, we find the inventory that maximizes profit less inventory carrying costs, which differs from the standard approach of finding the inventory needed to satisfy a given fill rate. To answer the second question, we provide a decision support tool to help dealers order the best variations for each vehicle model using a set-covering philosophy, which differs from the standard approach of recommending the highest-selling variants. This paper describes the business processes surrounding these decisions, how the need for implementation and ongoing use guided our solution development, and the impact on the business.
Adenosine A2B Receptor Expression by Myeloid Cells Mediates Airway Inflammation in Asthma (2010)

Allergic‐type airway inflammation characteristic of human asthma is modeled in mice by direct inhalation of German cockroach allergens (CRA). The role of adenosine A2B receptors (A2B) in asthma was studied in mice lacking A2B (A2B KO) and myeloid specific A2B KO (Lys‐M). CRA was given intratracheally on day 0 with two pulmonary challenges on day 14 and 21. 24 hours after final challenge lungs and brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were collected. Virtually all measures of pulmonary inflammation were reduced in the A2B KO and Lys‐M compared to wild type mice. Lung homogenate (LH) eosinophil peroxidase (WT, 1.0 ± 0.2; A2B KO, 0.2 ± 0.04*; Lys‐M, 0.3 ± 0.04*; *p &lt; 0.01), but not myeloperoxidase (WT, 0.4 ± 0.1; A2B KO, 0.4 ± 0.1; Lys‐M 0.6 ± 0.1) levels were decreased. Our results demonstrate A2B expression by myeloid cells is an important contributor to the pulmonary inflammation in asthma. *LH and ^BAL cytokines ng/mL. *^p &lt; 0.05 compared to WT Parameter WT KO Lys‐M Eotaxin 1 2.6 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.1* 1.0 ± 0.2* Eotaxin 2 14.7 ± 1.6 2.3 ± 0.3*^ 4.8 ± 0.1*^ IFN‐γ 8.6 ± 0.9 4.1 ± 0.2* 5.6 ± 0.6* IL‐4 3.3 ± 0.3 1.8 ± 0.1* 1.8 ± 0.2* IL‐5 3.2 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.1* 1.8 ± 0.3* IL‐13 7.8 ± 0.9 4.1 ± 0.3* 4.3 ± 0.6* TNF‐α 5.0 ± 0.6 1.9 ± 0.4* 2.7 ± 0.2* BAL cells *p &lt; 0.05 compared to WT Parameter (x 10 4 ) WT KO Lys‐M Eosinophils 26.2 ± 5.8 1.7 ± 0.3* 1.5 ± 0.6* Macrophages 14.9 ± 1.8 9.5 ± 0.4* 9.0 ± 0.9* Lymphocytes 7.9 ± 1.3 2.0 ± 0.3* 3.4 ± 0.5* Neutrophils 55.4 ± 5.4 43.8 ± 2.4 35.4 ± 3.8* This work was supported by NIH Grant R01 ES0135283‐03
IDDT Testing: An Efficient Method for Detecting Delay Faults and Open Defects * (2001)

Some open defects in VLSI circuits may cause delay faults, and testing of open defects and delay faults remain difficult problem. In this paper, we show that i) some open defects cause delay faults and ii) those open defects and delay faults cause variations in I DDT waveforms. We propose a new I DDT testing method for detection of open defects and delay faults. Our method exploits the phenomenon that an open defect generates a local maximum in the I DDT waveform. We present experimental results performed on two test chips. 1.
Downregulation of JAK3 Protein Levels in T Lymphocytes by Prostaglandin E2 and Other Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Elevating Agents: Impact on Interleukin-2 Receptor Signaling Pathway (1999)

The Janus kinase, JAK3 plays an important role in interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent signal transduction and proliferation of T lymphocytes. Our findings show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can inhibit upregulation of JAK3 protein in naive T cells and can downregulate its expression in primed cells. Reduction in JAK3 was selective because expression of other tyrosine kinases (JAK1, p56(lck), and p59(fyn)) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5, which are linked to IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling pathway, were not affected. Inhibition of JAK3 may be controlled by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, as forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), a membrane permeable analogue of cAMP suppressed JAK3 expression. Moreover, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase, potentiated PGE2-induced suppression of JAK3. In naive T cells, but not primed T cells, PGE2 and other cAMP elevating agents also caused a modest reduction in surface expression of the common gamma chain (gammac) that associates with JAK3. The absence of JAK3, but not IL-2R in T cells correlated with impaired IL-2-dependent signal transduction and proliferation. The alteration in IL-2 signaling included decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of STAT5 and poor induction of the c-Myc and c-Jun pathways. In contrast, IL-2-dependent induction of Bcl-2 was unaffected. These findings suggest that suppression of JAK3 levels may represent one mechanism by which PGE2 and other cAMP elevating agents can inhibit T-cell proliferation.
Mounting clips for panel installation (2023)

A photovoltaic panel mounting clip comprising a base, central indexing tabs, flanges, lateral indexing tabs, and vertical indexing tabs. The mounting clip removably attaches one or more panels to a beam or the like structure, both mechanically and electrically. It provides secure locking of the panels in all directions, while providing guidance in all directions for accurate installation of the panels to the beam or the like structure.
Thermoreflectance Imaging of Optically Pumped Gap Plasmon Structures (2018)

We developed a fast, high-resolution thermoreflectance imaging-based technique to map the temperature distribution of gap plasmon structures subject to laser irradiation, and observed 120 K temperature rise with 3 mW/μm2 irradiance.
Assessing Expertise in the Enterprise (2015)

Some of the largest worldwide employers today are knowledge-based enterprises whose most important asset is human capital. Knowledge workers are unique, each having individualized skills, competencies and expertise, which constantly evolve and expand. Managing and planning for such a workforce critically depends on the ability to construct complete, accurate, and real-time representation and inventory of the expertise of employees in a form that integrates with business processes. In this session Saška will describe how enterprise expertise assessment process can be posed as predictive modeling and recommendation problem, and will present results and lessons learned from an actual deployment of IBM Expertise, a corporate-wide expertise recommendation and management system.
Relationship between Nutritional Status and Immunological Parameters in Prepartum and Postpartum Dairy Cattle (2000)

Lack of information on animal and plant nutrient status in relation to pre- and postpartum stress makes producers of marginal operations reluctant to change feeding management. Nutrient requirements change with each phase of production. For example, dietary nutrient alterations, including trace element status, can influence host immunocompetence. This ultimately leads to a decrease in production parameters as weight gain, calf birth weight, milk yield and quality, and results in economic losses for the producer and consumer. Reliable methods to accurately assess nutritional state, and establish reference values for immunological parameters, during specified production stress periods will allow nutritional intervention to optimize the production unit. The main objective of the study was to develop methodology to evaluate immunological and trace element status of cattle under nutritional stress associated with various stages of reproduction.
Establishing the Design Rules for DNA‐Mediated Programmable Colloidal Crystallization (2010)

DNA-programmable colloidal crystals are assembled with 5–80 nm nanoparticles, and the lattice parameters of the resulting crystals vary from 25 to 225 nm. A predictable and mathematically definable relationship between particle size and DNA length dictates the assembly and crystallization processes, creating a set of design rules for DNA-based nanoscale assembly.
Active control of propagating waves on plasmonic surfaces (2009)

We demonstrate active control of propagating surface waves on a mid-infrared extraordinary optical transmission grating. The surface waves are excited at the interface between a GaAs substrate and a periodically patterned metal film using a dual wavelength quantum cascade laser. The spectral properties of the laser and the transmission grating are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the far-field emission from excited surface waves at the metal/GaAs interface is studied using a novel spatial and spectral imaging technique. By actively controlling the optical properties of the grating, we demonstrate the ability to control the coupling of incident coherent radiation to surface waves on the grating. With increased tunability of the grating, directional control of excited surface waves should be achievable. These results suggest that the development of actively tunable plasmonic structures could result in plasmonic routers and switches for interconnect or sensing applications.