gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SLOCK (sensor for circadian clock): passive sweat-based chronobiology tracker (2020)

SLOCK is a human sweat based platform for circadian relevant biomarkers- cortisol and DHEA. It monitors passively expressed eccrine and apocrine sweat towards measuring and reporting cortisol and DHEA concentrations over multiple time points in humans. The sensor works on the principle of affinity based electrochemical detection. The novelty lies in the usage of a hybrid porosity platform for enhancing multibiomarker detection ability through sweat. The platform is the first demonstration of chronobiology tracking using multiple biomarkers supported by human subject based study. The sensor performance is evaluated on a set of six healthy human subjects, which are varied by age, gender, and ethnicity. Following this, the sensor performance is confirmed using ELISA, a commercially used diagnostic technique. From the results, it can be observed that the sensor is highly sensitive to the target biomarker concentrations in the physiological range of 8-141 ng ml<sup>-1</sup>. The platform is also able to capture the biomarker rise and fall (i.e., going from a low concentration of 1 ng ml<sup>-1</sup> to a high concentration of 100 ng ml<sup>-1</sup> and back down to 10 ng ml<sup>-1</sup>). This is reflected by a percentage change of cumulative sensor response by 10%, 20%, and 22%, respectively from baseline, for cortisol. Similarly for DHEA, the sensor shows sensitivity to rising and falling changes with percentage changes of 45%, 55%, and 56% for 1, 100, and 10 ng ml<sup>-1</sup> biomarker concentrations. This sensitivity is crucial in order to develop the circadian profile for the user. Thus, the sensor offers a first time demonstration of the potential of a passive self-monitoring approach for managing circadian abnormalities and is a good platform for tracking chronobiology.
Analytical performance of a high-pressure radio frequency-only quadrupole collision cell with an axial field applied by using conical rods (1998)

The effect on triple-quadrupole performance of applying an axial field, in an rf-only quadrupole collision cell operated at pressures sufficiently high that collisional focusing is operating, has been investigated. The advantages of such cells have been shown previously to include increased transmission and much improved resolution in fragment ion spectra relative to the performance of collision cells operating at lower gas pressures. The disadvantages of high-pressure collision cells all derive from the relatively long transit times for the ions, which can be long relative to characteristic times for scanning the first mass filter (precursor ion selector) or for switching its setting in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) cycles. The present work describes experiments on a high-pressure cell in which an axial field is created through use of conical rather than cylindrical or hyperbolic rods. In addition, results of computations of the electric fields within such a cell, and of ion trajectories through it, are presented. It is shown that application of axial fields of the order of 0. 1 V/cm can remove all hysteresis effects associated with the long ion transit times, and thus provide excellent performance in quantitation work using MRM, as well as in other scan modes. Furthermore, the advantages of collisional focusing in quadrupole collision cells are shown to be unimpaired by these low axial fields.
Experimental observation of attractive and repulsive thermal forces on microcantilevers (2005)

We report measurements of thermal forces acting on a microcantilever near a substrate surface in air. In magnitude and direction, the observed force depends on the temperatures of substrate and cantilever, which were varied independently. The data are explained by considering interface scattering at the substrate surface as expressed by an accommodation coefficient of less than unity. The observed forces effectively act in the direction of the thermal gradient—opposite to thermophoresis of free particles suspended in a gas. The observation thus exhibits similarities with the so-called negative thermophoresis.
RMI and ROMA are equally effective in discriminating between benign and malignant gynecological tumors: A prospective population‐based study (2018)

We could not confirm that ROMA had diagnostic superiority over RMI in categorizing women with a pelvic mass into low-risk or high-risk groups for malignancy in a Swedish population. We have defined cut-off values for HE4 and ROMA. The lack of correlation between serum and urine HE4 obviates the introduction of urine HE4 analysis in clinical diagnostics.
Optical wafer metrology sensors for process-robust CD and overlay control in semiconductor device manufacturing (2016)

This paper presents three optical wafer metrology sensors that are used in lithography for robustly measuring the shape and position of wafers and device patterns on these wafers. The first two sensors are a level sensor and an alignment sensor that measure, respectively, a wafer height map and a wafer position before a new pattern is printed on the wafer. The third sensor is an optical scatterometer that measures critical dimension-variations and overlay after the resist has been exposed and developed. These sensors have different optical concepts but they share the same challenge that sub-nm precision is required at high throughput on a large variety of processed wafers and in the presence of unknown wafer processing variations. It is the purpose of this paper to explain these challenges in more detail and give an overview of the various solutions that have been introduced over the years to come to process-robust optical wafer metrology.
70–75 kd molecules expressed on LGL and T cells recognized by a mitogenic monoclonal antibody YTA-1; co-modulation and functional association with the interleukin 2 receptor p75 (1990)

We have raised a mAb YTA-1 which recognizes 75 kd antigen (Ag) on large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and T cells using a human natural killer (NK)/LGL cell line YT as the immunogen. YTA-1 mAb not only enhanced the growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but also down-regulated both high- and intermediate-affinity interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) on resting PBMC. When incubated with 5-50 micrograms/ml of YTA-1 mAb at 37 degrees C, up to 50% of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2R of the Tac+ YT subclone (YTCl.1) were down-regulated within 120 min. YTA-1 mAb also down-regulated the intermediate-affinity IL-2R on YT2C2 cells, which express only IL-2Rp75. On the other hand, 5 nM recombinant IL-2 down-regulated the expression of YTA-1 Ag on YT cells after 120 min culture, indicating a close association between YTA-1 Ag and IL-2R. However, YTA-1 mAb did not affect the low-affinity IL-2R on an HTLV-1+ T cell line MT-1. Furthermore, interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) on YT cells was not affected by YTA-1 mAb. It appears that the down-regulation by YTA-1 mAb is selective for IL-2Rp75 of the IL-2R complex. Pre-incubation of YT cells with 20 micrograms/ml YTA-1 mAb accelerated the internalization of IL-2Rp75 but did not accelerate that of IL-2Rp55, indicating that YTA-1-induced down-regulation of IL-2R is associated with the internalization of IL-2Rp75.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thread as a Matrix for Biomedical Assays (2010)

This paper describes the use of thread as a matrix for the fabrication of diagnostic assay systems. The kinds of thread used for this study are inexpensive, broadly available, and lightweight; some of them are already familiar materials in healthcare. Fluids wick along these threads by capillary action; no external power source is necessary for pumping. This paper demonstrates three designs for diagnostic assays that use different characteristics of the thread. The first two designs-the "woven array" and the "branching design"-take advantage of the ease with which thread can be woven on a loom to generate fluidic pathways that enable multiple assays to be performed in parallel. The third design-the "sewn array"-takes advantage of the ease with which thread can be sewn through a hydrophobic polymer sheet to incorporate assays into bandages, diapers and similar systems. These designs lead to microfluidic devices that may be useful in performing simple colorimetric assays that require qualitative results. We demonstrate the function of thread-based microfluidic devices in the context of five different colorimetric assays: detection of ketones, nitrite, protein, and glucose in artificial urine, and detection of alkaline phosphatase in artificial plasma.
Sequence variation and phylogenetic history of the mouse Ahr gene (2002)

The Ahr locus encodes for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which plays an important toxicological and developmental role. Sequence variation in this gene was studied in 13 different mouse lines that included eight laboratory strains, two Mus musculus subspecies and three additional Mus species. The data presented represent the largest study of sequence variation across multiple mouse lines in a single gene (approximately equal to 15.9 kb/mouse line). Among all mice, the average frequency of all polymorphisms in the intronic regions was 20.3 variants/kb and the average exonic frequency was 14.1 variants/kb. For substitutions alone, the average frequencies in the intronic and exonic regions for all mice were 13.3 and 8.9 substitutions/kb, respectively. Between laboratory strains, the average intronic and exonic frequencies for all polymorphisms dropped to 5.4 and 2.9 variants/kb, respectively. There were 111 non-synonymous polymorphisms that resulted in 42 different amino acid changes, of which only 10 amino acid changes had been previously identified. Based on the nucleotide sequence, the phylogenetic history of the gene showed mice from the Ahr(b2) and Ahr(d) alleles in separate branches while mice from the Ahr(b1) and Ahr(b3) alleles exhibited a more complex history. Evolutionarily, the AHR protein as a whole appears to be under purifying selective pressure (K(a) : K(s) ratio = 0.237). Despite significant functional constraint in the basic helix-loop-helix and PAS domains, ligand binding is not constrained to the high-affinity allele, which supports further the role of the AHR in development and its importance beyond the adaptive response to environmental toxicants.
Hydrogen in matter : a collection from the papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Hydrogen in Matter (ISOHIM) (2006)

Hydrogen plays a key role in materials, beneficial in some cases, problematic in others. In all such systems a detailed understanding of the hydrogen-based interactions is necessary for control, improvements, and possible new applications. The proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydrogen in Matter (ISOHIM) incorporates contributions from communities focused on semiconductors, normal conductors (metals), superconductors, and vacuum systems who deal with hydrogen-matter issues. The technical areas covered in these proceedings include hydrogen in materials, hydrogen in semiconductors, hydrogen adsorption-storage-generation and distribution, hydrogen in niobium, hydrogen in vacuum systems, superconducting niobium accelerator structures, and liquid hydrogen storage containers for hydrogen powered cars.
Catalytic and Light‐Driven ZnO/Pt Janus Nano/Micromotors: Switching of Motion Mechanism via Interface Roughness and Defect Tailoring at the Nanoscale (2019)

Abstract The first models of mesoporous ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors that show fuel‐free and light‐powered propulsion depending on the interface roughness are shown. Two models of ZnO semiconducting particles with distinct surface morphologies and pore structures are synthesized by self‐aggregation of primary nanoparticles and nanosheets into nanoscale rough and smooth microparticles, respectively. The self‐assembled nanosheet model (smooth) provides a large surface for the formation of a continuous Pt layer with strong adherence, whereas the discontinuous Pt species take place inside the inter‐nanoparticles pores in the self‐assembled nanoparticle model (rough). The effects of the interface, surface porosity, defect, and charge transfer on the light‐powered motion for both well‐designed mesoporous ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors are investigated and compared to find the underlying propulsion mechanisms. The degradation of two model pollutants is demonstrated as a proof‐of‐concept application of these carefully engineered Janus micromotors. In this work, it is shown that by discreet material fabrication together with semiconductor/metal interface charge transport interpretation, it would be possible to develop new light‐driven Janus micromotors based on other photocatalysts containing active surfaces such as TiO 2 .
Katalytische Festphasensynthese in Gegenwart von komprimiertem Kohlendioxid (2008)

In this work, the influence of compressed carbon dioxide on catalytic reactions on solid support was investigated. Pauson-Khand reactions (PKR) and hydrogenations were investigated representing reactions with gaseous substrates while the Baylis-Hillman reaction (BHR) was chosen because of its high negative reaction volume. For all reactions fast and effective coupling- and cleavage conditions were found. Reaction conditions were optimized allowing for comparing the reactions in organic solvent, expanded liquid (XPL) and supercritical carbon dioxide. Thus, evaluation of the influence of compressed carbon dioxide on the reaction was possible. For all three reactions, an enhancement of reaction rate in the presence of compressed CO2 compared to the reaction in organic solvent was observed. For PKR and hydrogenation, optimal conditions were found in XPL, whereas for BHR highest yields could be obtained using pure carbon dioxide. Apparently, for the reactions containing gaseous substrates, the gas availability and catalyst concentration is best in XPL. Switching to the supercritical phase leads to higher gas availability but at the same time to lower catalyst concentration as the supercritical phase occupies the entire reactor volume. In contrast, in the organic solvent, there is a high catalyst concentration accompanied by low gas availability as a result of the low gas solubility which is given in organic solvents. Such for the PKR as for the hydrogenation the optimum of these opposite trends seems to be given in XPL. Concerning the BHR, highest reaction rates were achieved in pure carbon dioxide. Detailed investigations on this reaction are pending. Hydrogenation of solid supported substrates in pure carbon dioxide was not possible, as the CO2-soluble ligand 3-H2F6TPP was deactivated by the support (Wang resin). In contrast, using the structurally similar ligand triphenyl phosphine (TPP) leads to a very active catalyst system with marginal deactivation by the Wang resin. Therefore, hydrogenation was performed in organic solvent and compared to the reaction using compressed carbon dioxide with organic co-solvent. Parallel reactions in the presence of compressed carbon dioxide could be realized for PKR. Different supported substrates were converted to the corresponding reaction products in the same high pressure reactor. Furthermore, a reaction sequence of BHR and hydrogenation was also realized. Excess substrate and catalyst of the first reaction step were removed from the reactor by extraction with scCO2. The reaction product of the whole sequence could be cleaved off in almost quantitative yields. In summary, it could be shown that compressed carbon dioxide can be used to overcome mass transfer limitation in solid phase organic synthesis with pressurized gaseous reagents (PKR and hydrogenation) and also to enhance reaction rates for reactions with negative activation volume (BHR). Thus, the use of compressed CO2 can significantly expand the range of catalytic reactions to generate molecular diversity via solid supported reactions.
Implementation Issues with Holonic Control Device Communication Interfaces (2006)

This paper focuses on implementation issues at the interface between holonic control devices (HCDs) and agent-based systems. In particular, we look at a function block-based approach to communication that is applicable to existing IEC 61131-3 systems and emerging IEC 61499 systems.
Roll angle estimation in two-wheeled vehicles (2008)

In this work an innovative method for estimating the roll angle in two-wheeled vehicles is proposed. The capability of providing in real time a reliable measure of such quantity allows to evaluate the dynamic properties of the vehicle and its tires and represents the enabling technology for the design of advanced ABS systems and stability control systems. The method proposed in this work is based on a low-cost sensor configuration, suitable for industrial purposes. The validity of the proposed approach is assessed in a multi-body simulator environment and on an instrumented test vehicle.
Theoretical prediction of thermochemistry and kinetics of flurocarbons (1995)

An ab-initio quantum chemistry procedure has been applied to developing a database for thermochemistry and kinetics of C/H/F/O species. This information has been used to construct a chemical kinetic mechanism for the predication of fluorocarbon combustion. Bond-additivity corrected (BAC) Mollet-Plesset many-body perturbation theory (MP4) calculations have been performed to obtain a large body of thermochemical data (over 110 species) on both closed-and-open shell fluorocarbon species. The method relies on the use of ab-initio molecular orbital theory and an energy correction procedure (BAC) applied to each type of chemical bond in the molecule. In addition, data on transition state structures for reactions have also been generated and rate constants based on RRKM analysis have been derived. Comparisons between theory and experiment will be shown for both the thermochemical and kinetic information as well as a discussion of the power and limitations of this procedure in light of other available methods.
Immunoglobulin M Heavy Chain Disease: Intracellular Origin of the Mu Chain Fragment (1970)

Cells obtained from a patient with mu heavy chain disease synthesize a mu heavy chain fragment with a molecular weight of 55,000. The fragment is detected intracellularly after short labeling times and then is assembled inside the cell and secreted as a disulfide-linked polymer.
Challenges and progress toward tumor-targeted therapy by systemic delivery of polymer-complexed oncolytic adenoviruses (2022)

Oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) elicits antitumor activity by preferential viral replication in cancer cells. However, poor systemic administrability or suboptimal intratumoral retainment of the virus remains a major challenge toward maximizing the antitumor activity of oAd in a clinical environment. To surmount these issues, a variety of non-immunogenic polymers has been used to modify the surface of oAds chemically or physically. Complexation of oAd with polymers can effectively evade the host immune response and reduces nonspecific liver sequestration. The tumor-specific delivery of these complexes can be further improved upon by inclusion of tumor-targeting moieties on the surface. Therefore, modification of the Ad surface using polymers is viewed as a potential strategy to enhance the delivery of Ad via systemic administration. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of polymer-complexed Ads, their progress, and future challenges in cancer treatment.
Human ACAT1 Gene Expression and its Involvement in the Development of Atherosclerosis (2005)

Atherosclerosis is caused by a series of pathologic changes at the cellular level, with formation of macrophage-derived foam cells occurring at an early stage. Most of the cholesteryl esters in macrophage foam cells are produced by the enzyme acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Two ACAT genes, Acat1 and Acat2, exist in mammals. In the monocyte-macrophages, ACAT1 is the major isoenzyme and is a drug target for atherosclerosis treatment. Various proatherogenic stimuli, including interferon-gamma and dexamethasone, cause upregulation of human Acat1 expression in macrophages. Thus, it should be possible to find antagonist(s) to downregulate human Acat1 expression. A greater understanding of human Acat1 expression may provide scientists with opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to combat atherosclerosis.
In vitro anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity of epingaione and its derivatives on the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and TE-671 sarcoma cells. (2007)

Epingaione (4-Methyl-1-(5-methyl-2, 3,4,5-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuranyl-5-yl)-pentan-2-one) was isolated as one of the major lipophilic secondary metabolites from the leaves and stems of Bontia daphnoides L. The compound gave 79.24% and 50.83% anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity on the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and TE-671 sarcoma cells in vitro at 50 pg/mL, respectively. Epingaione was transformed into eleven derivatives under laboratory conditions using ethanol, some gave greater anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines tested. One of the derivatives (compound 2) with enhanced cytotoxic activity was elucidated as 5'-Ethoxy-5-methyl-5-(4-methyl-2-oxo-pentyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one. Both epingaione and compound 2 caused an accumulation of arrested or dead SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma in the m-phase of the cell cycle as revealed by the m-phase specific marker KE 67.
Modulation of Catalyst Reactivity for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of a Functionalized Nitroarene:  Preparation of a Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of (R,R)-Formoterol Tartrate (2000)

In the synthesis of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist (R,R)-formterol, a key step in the synthesis was the development of a highly chemoselective reduction of (1R)-2-bromo-1-[3-nitro-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethan-1-ol to give (1R)-1-[3-amino-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-2-bromoethan-1-ol. The aniline product was isolated as the corresponding formamide. The reaction required reduction of the nitro moiety in the presence of a phenyl benzyl ether, a secondary benzylic hydroxyl group, and a primary bromide, and with no racemization at the stereogenic carbinol carbon atom. The development of a synthetic methodology using heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation to perform the required reduction was successful when a sulfur-based poison was added. The chemistry of sulfur-based poisons to temper the reacitivty of catalyst was studied in depth. The data show that the type of hydrogenation catalyst, the oxidation state of the poison, and the substituents on the sulfur atom had a dramatic effect on the chemoselectivity of the reaction. Dimethyl sulfide was the poison of choice, possessing all of the required characteristics for providing a highly chemoselective and high yielding reaction. The practicality and robustness of the process was demonstrated by preparing the final formamide product with high chemoselectivity, chemical yield, and product purity on a multi-kilogram scale.