gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral Electroluminescence Characterization of OFF-State Device Characteristics in Proton Irradiated High Voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2016)

Gallium nitride-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) represent a critical next-generation technology for RF amplifiers. In this work, we implement electroluminescence (EL) imaging to study breakdown mechanisms under high voltage stress conditions in as-fabricated and proton irradiated devices. After irradiation, an increased breakdown voltage and reduced buffer leakage was observed and attributed to the formation of a back barrier structure due to carrier type conversion in the buffer layer from the introduction of donor trap levels near the conduction band. In addition to identifying high field regions associated with device failure, the hyperspectral filter enables spectrum extraction, identifying peaks in the 700 nm–900 nm region associated with both defects and hot electrons that are contributing to device failure, but no change in signature after irradiation implying that radiation-induced defects are non-radiative. Complementary photoluminescence spectroscopy identified a reduction in free carrier density consistent with the generation of compensating trap levels, supporting the proposed model.
Operative management for recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (2011)

Resection of recurrent or metastatic ACC is safe, and may result in prolongation of survival in selected patients with DFI greater than 1 year.
Onium Ions are not on the Reaction Coordinate in the Formation of Heterocycles via Electrophile-induced Alkenol Cyclization (1993)

Semi-empirical molecular orbital methodology was used to determine the reaction surfaces for competitive intramolecular bromoetherification and intermolecular bromohydrin reactions. These reactions do not proceed through a bromonium ion intermediate. Instead, the additions involve the formation of a weak olefin/Br + π-complex which is subsequently captured by a proximate nucleophile
Differential interaction with TREM2 modulates microglial uptake of modified Aβ species (2021)

Rare coding variants of the microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confer an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized by the progressive accumulation of aggregated forms of amyloid β peptides (Aβ). Aβ peptides are generated by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Heterogeneity in proteolytic cleavages and additional post-translational modifications result in the production of several distinct Aβ variants that could differ in their aggregation behavior and toxic properties. Here, we sought to assess whether post-translational modifications of Aβ affect the interaction with TREM2. Biophysical and biochemical methods revealed that TREM2 preferentially interacts with oligomeric Aβ, and that phosphorylation of Aβ increases this interaction. Phosphorylation of Aβ also affected the TREM2 dependent interaction and phagocytosis by primary microglia and in APP transgenic mouse models. Thus, TREM2 function is important for sensing phosphorylated Aβ variants in distinct aggregation states and reduces the accumulation and deposition of these toxic Aβ species in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme from human platelets. (1989)

Soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme was purified from human platelets. The soluble fraction of the lysed platelets was sequentially chromatographed over DEAE-sepharose, GTP-agarose and HPLC size-exclusion columns. About 0.1 mg of purified enzyme could be obtained from 2000 ml of platelet rich plasma. The purified enzyme had the specific activity of 205 nmoles cGMP/mg/min with Mn2+ as cofactor. The enzyme eluted at the 160,000 daltons position from the size-exclusion column. Electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate under reducing conditions revealed two subunits of 83,000 and 71,000 daltons respectively.
Nanostructured biocomposites of high toughness—a wood cellulose nanofiber network in ductile hydroxyethylcellulose matrix (2011)

Nanopaper from wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) offers vastly improved strength and strain-to-failure compared with plant fiber-based paper and plant fiber biocomposites. In the present study, unique nanostructural toughening effects are reported in cellulose nanofiber/hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) biocomposites. HEC is an amorphous cellulose derivative of high molar mass and toughness. A previously developed preparation route inspired by paper-making is used. It is “green”, scalable, and allows high reinforcement content. In the present concept, nanostructural control of polymer matrix distribution is exercised as the polymer associates with the reinforcement. This results in nanocomposites of a soft HEC matrix surrounding nanofibrillated cellulose forming a laminated structure at the submicron scale, as observed by FE-SEM. We study the effect of NFC volume fraction on tensile properties, thermomechanical stability, creep properties and moisture sorption of the nanocomposites. The results show strong property improvements with NFC content due to the load-carrying ability of the NFC network. At an NFC volume fraction of 45%, the toughness was more than doubled compared with cellulose nanopaper. The present nanocomposite is located in previously unoccupied space in a strength versus strain-to-failure property chart, outside the regions occupied by microscale composites and engineering polymers. The results emphasize the potential for extended composites mechanical property range offered by nanostructured biocomposites based on high volume fraction nanofiber networks.
Future evolution of 3G networks (2004)

This work provides an overview of the UMTS network and the initial phase of enhancements. It provides in depth discussions on the challenges, proposals and benefits of the main features on the radio network that are being studied for the second phase like enhanced uplink, MBMS, distributed UTRAN architecture, network sharing, push to talk, etc.
Simulation of a 100 kW permanent magnet octagonal linear generator for ocean wave energy conversion and utilization (2004)

Simulation of a 100 kW permanent magnet octagonal linear generator for ocean wave energy conversion and utilization
ESR STUDIES OF RADIATION-INDUCED TIN CENTERS IN OXIDE GLASSES (1982)

Electronic and geometrical structures around Sn2+ and Sn4+ dissolved in 25Na2O-75SiO2 glass were determined by use of the photon-induced defects centered on a tin atom as an ESR probe. A trapped electron center (Sn2+)- and trapped hole center (Sn4+)- were detected in the glasses prepared under reducing or oxidizing condition, respectively. The precursor ion Sn2+ was found to be in tetragonally pyramidal coordination, the lone pair on Sn2+ occupying spn type hybrid. Sn4+ was considered to be in an ionic coordination of spherical symmetry.
Evaluation of vaccination and diet for the control of Serpulina pilosicoli infection (porcine intestinal spirochaetosis) (1998)

Porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (PIS) is a diarrhoeal disease of weaners and growers, associated with a mild colitis. Control of the aetiological agent, Serpulina pilosicoli, has relied mainly on the use of antimicrobial agents. In contrast, besides the use of antimicrobials and appropriate management practices, it is our experience that the closely related Serpulina hyodysenteriae (the agent of swine dysentery) can also be partially controlled by bacterin vaccines (1), whilst experimentally-infected pigs totally resist challenge if fed a diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein (4, 5). This diet results in reduced microbial fermentation in the large intestine, and it appears that these conditions inhibit colonisation by the spirochaete. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the use of a bacterin vaccine or a rice-based diet could similarly inhibit colonisation by S. pilosicoli.
Glycoconjugate pathway connections revealed by sequence similarity network analysis of the monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferases (2021)

The monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferase (monoPGT) superfamily comprises over 38,000 nonredundant sequences represented in bacterial and archaeal domains of life. Members of the superfamily catalyze the first membrane-committed step in en bloc oligosaccharide biosynthetic pathways, transferring a phosphosugar from a soluble nucleoside diphosphosugar to a membrane-resident polyprenol phosphate. The singularity of the monoPGT fold and its employment in the pivotal first membrane-committed step allows confident assignment of both protein and corresponding pathway. The diversity of the family is revealed by the generation and analysis of a sequence similarity network for the superfamily, with fusion of monoPGTs with other pathway members being the most frequent and extensive elaboration. Three common fusions were identified: sugar-modifying enzymes, glycosyl transferases, and regulatory domains. Additionally, unexpected fusions of the monoPGT with members of the polytopic PGT superfamily were discovered, implying a possible evolutionary link through the shared polyprenol phosphate substrate. Notably, a phylogenetic reconstruction of the monoPGT superfamily shows a radial burst of functionalization, with a minority of members comprising only the minimal PGT catalytic domain. The commonality and identity of the fusion partners in the monoPGT superfamily is consistent with advantageous colocalization of pathway members at membrane interfaces.
QoS Management and Congestion Control in Wireless Hotspots (2006)

A key factor for the success of hotspot deployment is played by the capability of supporting real-time multimedia applications. The IEEE 802.11e standard for providing QoS in 802.11 WLANs (wireless LANs) has been recently completed. It allows differentiated QoS guarantees for different types of traffic, like video, voice and best effort. In this paper we first propose a method for guaranteeing QoS that combines the capabilities of the IEEE 802.11e standard with the control functionalities of a policy server, designed for the control of a multiple access points (APs) hotspot. The method presented in this paper allows providing QoS guarantees not only based on the type of traffic but also on the customer's contract. A further major performance factor in hotspots is the ability to prevent congestion at the AP. In fact, hotspots are dimensioned according to typical working conditions. However, some sporadic events might cause congestion at some AP, raising therefore severe performance issues. The second major contribution of this paper is a novel approach for providing hotspot congestion prevention and relief, which combines the support offered by the IEEE 802.11e standard and the capabilities of a centralized hotspot controller. The method takes into account the different loads generated on the network by some users, e.g. video ones, compared to other users and we introduce therefore the concept of equivalent number of users. We then suggest how to efficiently control user association at one AP and propose a QoS aware scheme to balance the load between APs. The validity of our approach is supported by a set of simulations based on a prototype implementation of the hotspot controller
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7,12‐Dihydropyrido(3,4‐b:5,4‐b′)diindoles. A Novel Class of Rigid, Planar Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands. (1987)

Abstract The (benzoyl)oxotetrahydro‐β‐carboline (I) undergoes cyclization with the arylhydrazides (II) and (IV) to produce the indole derivatives (III) and (V).
Definition of the halogen bond (IUPAC Recommendations 2013) (2013)

This recommendation proposes a definition for the term “halogen bond”, which designates a specific subset of the inter- and intramolecular interactions involving a halogen atom in a molecular entity.
HOBIT (2017)

Practical work in optics allows supporting the construction of knowledge, in particular when the concept to be learned remains diffuse. To overcome the limitations of the current experimental setups, we have designed a hybrid system that combines physical interaction and numerical simulation. This system relies on 3D-printed replicas of optical elements, which are augmented with pedagogical information. In this paper, we focus on the well-known Michelson interferometer experiment, widely studied in undergraduate programs of Science. A 3-months user study with 101 students and 6 teachers showed that, beyond the practical aspects offered by this system, such an approach enhances the technical and scientific learning compared to a standard Michelson interferometer experiment.
Performance evaluation of 98 CZT sensors for their use in gamma-ray imaging (2007)

98 SPEAR sensors from eV Products have been evaluated for their use in a portable Compton camera. The sensors have a 5 mm times 5 mm times 5 mm CdZnTe crystal and are provided together with a preamplifier. The energy resolution was studied in detail for all sensors and was found to be 6% on average at 59.5 keV and 3% on average at 662 keV. The standard deviations of the corresponding energy resolution distributions are remarkably small (0.6% at 59.5 keV, 0.7% at 662 keV) and reflect the uniformity of the sensor characteristics. For a possible outside use the temperature dependence of the sensor performances was investigated for temperatures between 15 and 45 deg Celsius. A linear shift in calibration with temperature was observed. The energy resolution at low energies (81 keV) was found to increase exponentially with temperature, while it stayed constant at higher energies (356 keV). A Compton camera built of these sensors was simulated. To obtain realistic energy spectra a suitable detector response function was implemented. To investigate the angular resolution of the camera a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs point source was simulated. Reconstructed images of the point source were compared for perfect and realistic energy and position resolutions. The angular resolution of the camera was found to be better than 10 deg.
Light-cone matrix product (2009)

We show how to combine the light-cone and matrix product algorithms to simulate quantum systems far from equilibrium for long times. For the case of the XXZ spin chain at Δ=0.5, we simulate to a time of ≈22.5. While part of the long simulation time is due to the use of the light-cone method, we also describe a modification of the infinite time-evolving bond decimation algorithm with improved numerical stability, and we describe how to incorporate symmetry into this algorithm. While statistical sampling error means that we are not yet able to make a definite statement, the behavior of the simulation at long times indicates the appearance of either “revivals” in the order parameter as predicted by Hastings and Levitov (e-print arXiv:0806.4283) or of a distinct shoulder in the decay of the order parameter.
Fluorinated liquid crystals formed by halogen bonding (2006)

New, halogen-bonded fluorinated mesogens are reported; the expected microphase separation associated with perfluoroalkyl chains is surprisingly absent in the mesophase.
Hedonic and motivational responses to food reward are unchanged in rats with neuropathic pain (2016)

Rewards influence responses to acute painful stimuli, but the relationship of chronic pain to hedonic or motivational aspects of reward is not well understood. We independently evaluated hedonic qualities of sweet or bitter tastants and motivation to seek food reward in rats with experimental neuropathic pain induced by L5/6 spinal nerve ligation. Hedonic response was measured by implantation of intraoral catheters to allow passive delivery of liquid solutions, and "liking/disliking" responses were scored according to a facial reactivity scale. Spinal nerve ligation rats did not differ from controls in either "liking" or "disliking" reactions to intraoral sucrose or quinine, respectively, at postsurgery day 21, suggesting no differences in perceived hedonic value of sweet or bitter tastants. To assess possible motivational deficits during acute and chronic pain, we used fixed- and progressive-ratio response paradigms of sucrose pellet presentation in rats with transient inflammatory or chronic neuropathic pain. Assessment of response acquisition and break points under the progressive ratio schedule revealed no differences between sham and spinal nerve ligation rats for up to 120 days after injury. However, rats with inflammation showed decrements in lever pressing and break points on days 1 and 2 after complete Freund adjuvant injection that normalized by day 4, consistent with transient ongoing pain. Thus, although acute ongoing inflammatory pain may transiently reduce reward motivation, we did not detect influences of chronic neuropathic pain on hedonic or motivational responses to food rewards. Adaptations that allow normal reward responding to food regardless of chronic pain may be of evolutionary benefit to promote survival.
Correlating Local Structure and Electrochemical Performance in Metal-Substituted Vanadium Ferrite Aerogel Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2022)

Disordered vanadium ferrite (VFe 2 O x ) materials exhibit promising performance for electrochemical energy-storage applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 1,2 We employ an epoxide-promoted sol–gel reaction of iron chloride and vanadium isopropoxide to form nanostructured vanadium ferrite gels. Subsequent supercritical-CO 2 extraction of the pore fluid yields high surface–area aerogels. Heat treatment under either O 2 -containing or inert atmosphere yields disordered or nanocrystalline variants, respectively. Electroinactive metal cations such as aluminum, zinc, and zirconium are substituted during the initial sol–gel synthesis to alter the local electronic environment of VFe 2 O x . The resulting series of native and substituted VFe 2 O x materials are evaluated as powder-composite cathodes versus lithium metal in coin cells with conventional nonaqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. We correlate such critical battery-performance parameters as total specific capacity, high-rate capability, and cycle life as a function of MVFe 2 O x composition and its degree of structural order/disorder. In-lab X-ray absorption spectroscopy also provides important information on metal oxidation state and element-specific coordination for these VFe 2 O x aerogels, including during operando electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. In parallel with experimental advancements, calculations on VFe 2 O x reveal that V incorporation into the defect-induced spinel structure occurs at tetrahedral sites. Further, both disorder of vacancies and Fe/V tetrahedral occupation lower the overall energy, opening an electronic energy gap that establishes the redox sequence during lithiation. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 12059 (2015). C. N. Chervin, R.H. DeBlock, J. F. Parker, B. M. Hudak, N. L. Skeele, J. S. Ko, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, RSC Adv. 11 , 14495 (2021).
Publisher’s Note: “Integrated microfluidic inking chip for scanning probe nanolithography” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 136 (2004)] (2005)

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Lateral Heterometal Junction Rectifier Fabricated by Sequential Transmetallation of Coordination Nanosheet (2023)

Abstract Heterostructures of two-dimensional materials realise novel and enhanced physical phenomena, making them attractive research targets. Compared to inorganic materials, coordination nanosheets have virtually infinite combinations, leading to tunability of physical properties and are promising candidates for heterostructure fabrication. Although stacking of coordination materials into vertical heterostructures is widely reported, reports of lateral coordination material heterostructures are few. Here we show the successful fabrication of a sharp and seamless lateral heterojunction showing diode behaviour, by sequential and spatially limited immersion of a new metalladithiolene coordination nanosheet, Zn 3 BHT, into aqueous Cu(II) and Fe(II) solutions. Upon immersion, the Zn centres in insulating Zn 3 BHT are replaced by Cu or Fe ions, resulting in remarkable increase of conductivity. The transmetallation is spatially confined, occurring only within the immersed area. We anticipate that our results will be a starting point towards exploring transmetallation of various two-dimensional materials to produce lateral heterojunctions, by providing a new and facile synthetic route.
Photovoltage Tomography in Polycrystalline Solar Cells (2016)

To date, the performance of all polycrystalline photovoltaics is limited by their open-circuit voltage (Voc), an indicator of charge carrier recombination within the semiconductor layer. Thus, the successful implementation of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells requires the control and suppression of nonradiative recombination centers within the material. Here, we spectrally and spatially resolve the photovoltage of polycrystalline thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Micro-Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps obtained on the same grains showed that the chemical composition of the CIGS layer is very uniform. Surprisingly, we observed concurrent spatial variations in the photovoltage generated across the device, strongly indicating that structural properties are likely responsible for the nonuniform mesoscale behavior reported here. We build a tomography of the photovoltage response at 1 sun global illumination, mimicking the operation conditions of solar cells. Furthermore, we spatially resolve the voltage within the CIGS grains, where we found variations >20%. Our functional characterization could be realized to identify where nonradiative recombination preferentially takes place, enabling the implementation of nonuniform materials for future devices with higher Voc.
Modeling the incidence angle dependence of photovoltaic modules in PVsyst (2014)

For reliable energy yield simulation, it is important to know how irradiance is transmitted through the glass front cover of a photovoltaic module. In this work, Fresnel reflection and Snell's law are used to create a physical model to determine transmission as a function of incidence angle. The physical model is used to describe glass with and without an anti-reflective coating. An approach for optimizing the ASHRAE incidence angle modifier parameter in PVsyst to match the physical model output is presented and applied to both cases and the impact on energy yield estimates is demonstrated for various geographical locations.
Photonic density of states of two-dimensional quasicrystalline photonic structures (2011)

A large photonic band gap (PBG) is highly favorable for photonic crystal devices. One of the most important goals of PBG materials research is identifying structural design strategies for maximizing the gap size. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the PBG properties of two-dimensional (2D) quasicrystals (QCs), where rotational symmetry, dielectric fill factor, and structural morphology were varied systematically in order to identify correlations between structure and PBG width at a given dielectric contrast (13:1, Si:air). The transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) PBGs of 12 types of QCs are investigated (588 structures). We discovered a 12mm QC with a 56.5% TE PBG, the largest reported TE PBG for an aperiodic crystal to date. We also report here a QC morphology comprising “throwing star”-like dielectric domains, with near-circular air cores and interconnecting veins emanating radially around the core. This interesting morphology leads to a complete PBG of ∼20% , which is the largest reported complete PBG for aperiodic crystals.