gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast Reconstruction with Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: Current Issues (2004)

Two recent trials have demonstrated superior locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival in node-positive breast cancer patients with the addition of postmastectomy radiation therapy to mastectomy and chemotherapy. Based on these results, there has been an increased use of postmastectomy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. The inability to determine which patients will require postmastectomy radiation therapy has increased the complexity of planning for immediate breast reconstruction. There are two potential problems with performing an immediate breast reconstruction in a patient who will require postmastectomy radiation therapy. One problem is that postmastectomy radiation therapy can adversely affect the aesthetic outcome of an immediate breast reconstruction. Several studies have evaluated the outcomes of breast reconstructions that were performed before radiation therapy and have revealed a high incidence of complications and poor aesthetic outcomes. Furthermore, these studies have found that often an additional flap is required to restore breast shape and symmetry. The other potential problem is that an immediate breast reconstruction can interfere with the delivery of postmastectomy radiation therapy. During planning for immediate breast reconstruction, it is imperative to carefully review the stage of disease and the likelihood the patient will require postmastectomy radiation therapy. Unfortunately, the ability to detect and predict the presence or extent of axillary lymph node involvement is limited, and the need for postmastectomy radiation therapy is usually not known until after mastectomy. In all cases of decision making regarding possible postoperative radiation therapy and whether or not to perform immediate breast reconstruction, the situation should be discussed at a multidisciplinary conference or addressed among the various medical, surgical, and radiation teams, with active participation by the patient. Immediate breast reconstruction probably should be avoided in patients known to require postmastectomy radiation therapy and delayed until it is certain the therapy will be needed in patients who may require the therapy.
Supplementary Tables 1-3, Figures 1-3 from Molecular Target Characterization and Antimyeloma Activity of the Novel, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Inhibitor, GTx-134 (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-3, Figures 1-3 from Molecular Target Characterization and Antimyeloma Activity of the Novel, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Inhibitor, GTx-134
Lateral optical binding between two colloidal particles (2016)

An optical binding force between two nearby colloidal particles trapped by two coherent laser beams is measured by phase-sensitive detection. The binding force is long-range and spatially oscillatory. For identical linearly-polarized incident beams, the oscillation period is equal to the optical wavelength. For mutually perpendicular polarizations, a new force appears with half-wavelength periodicity, caused by double inter-particle scattering. This force is observable only with cross-polarized incident beams, for which the stronger single-scattering forces are forbidden by parity.
Silica Hybrid for Corneal Replacement: Optical, Biomechanical, and Ex Vivo Biocompatibility Studies (2012)

Silica-collagen hybrid materials can be manufactured to specific dimensions to serve as a possible artificial corneal substitute. In preliminary studies, the materials had favorable optical, biomechanical, and biocompatibility properties necessary for replacing the corneal stroma.
SiC-based High Efficiency Bidirectional Battery Converter for Smart PV Residential Systems (2013)

Smart PV inverters are essential components of future grids. Beside conventional functionalities they can communicate with the grid, supports the grid with reactive power and with active power from internal battery storage. To maximize internal consumption, a high efficiency bidirectional DC-DC converter for the battery storage is necessary, as energy will be processed twice. Realisation of the battery converter with silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors offers many advantages compared to Silicon (Si), included higher power density and higher efficiency. In this paper the design of a simple high efficiency 3kW hard switching bidirectional converter based on normally-on SiC JFET is presented, 98.5% maximum efficiency has been obtained with the prototype and a comparison with SiC MOSFet 1st generation is performed.
Heat shock-dependent transcriptional activation of the metA gene of Escherichia coli (1995)

In Escherichia coli, the growth rate at elevated temperatures is controlled by the availability of endogenous methionine, which is limited because of the temperature sensitivity of the metA gene product, homoserine transsuccinylase (HTS). In order to determine the relationship between this control mechanism and the heat shock response, we estimated the cellular levels of HTS during heat shock by Western (immunoblot) analysis and found an increase following induction by temperature shift and by addition of ethanol or cadmium ions. The elevated level of HTS was a result of transcriptional activation of the metA gene. This activation was heat shock dependent, as it did not take place in rpoH mutants, and probably specific to the metA gene, as another gene of the methionine regulon (metE) was not activated. These results suggest a metabolic link between the two systems that control the response of E. coli to elevated temperatures: the metA gene, which codes for the enzyme responsible for regulating cell growth as a function of temperature elevation (HTS), is transcriptionally activated by the heat shock response.
A Neural Network Model of Spatial Distortion Sensitivity for Video Quality Estimation (2019)

Accurate estimation of visual quality as perceived by humans is crucial for modern multimedia systems and, given the evident ease for humans, a surprisingly difficult task for computers. Complexity considerations as imperative for real-time applications render this problem even more challenging. This paper studies the application of a neural network-based spatial model of distortion sensitivity to the quality prediction of spatio-temporal videos. We propose a simple yet effective adaptation of the loss function to cope with saturation effects in human quality ratings. This adaptation drastically decreases the number of iterations necessary for training networks to replicate psychophysical human responses. Our experimental results show significantly improved prediction performance of the spatio-temporal PSNR when compensated for spatial distortion sensitivity while maintaining the advantage of low complexity.
Electrostatic Assembly of Dendrimer Electrolytes: Negatively and Positively Charged Dendrimer Porphyrins (1998)

Carboxylate and ammonium functionalities-32 of each-facilitate electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged dendrimer electrolytes and porphyrin cores, which leads in protic media to a supramolecular, fluorescence-active aggregate of two chromophores that communicate and have a predictable topology (see drawing on the right; A=acceptor, D=donor). In contrast to the complexation of linear polyelectrolytes, the contact area for the two dendrimer molecules is very limited, just as one would expect for an assembly of spherical molecules.
Zyxin Is a Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 Target Gene That Regulates Lung Cancer Cell Motility via Integrin α5β1 (2012)

Although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in normal tissues and in early carcinogenesis, these tumor suppressor effects are lost in advanced malignancies. Single cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), both of which are regulated by TGF-β, are critical steps in mediating cancer progression. Here, we sought to identify novel direct targets of TGF-β signaling in lung cancer cells and have indentified the zyxin gene as a target of Smad3-mediated TGF-β1 signaling. Zyxin concentrates at focal adhesions and along the actin cytoskeleton; as such, we hypothesized that cytoskeletal organization, motility, and EMT in response to TGF-β1 might be regulated by zyxin expression. We show that TGF-β1 treatment of lung cancer cells caused rapid phospho-Smad3-dependent expression of zyxin. Zyxin expression was critical for the formation and integrity of cell adherens junctions. Silencing of zyxin decreased expression of the focal adhesion protein vasodilator-activated phospho-protein (VASP), although the formation and morphology of focal adhesions remained unchanged. Zyxin-depleted cells displayed significantly increased integrin α5β1 levels, accompanied by enhanced adhesion to fibronectin and acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype in response to TGF-β1. Zyxin silencing led to elevated integrin α5β1-dependent single cell motility. Importantly, these features are mirrored in the K-ras-driven mouse model of lung cancer. Here, lung tumors revealed decreased levels of both zyxin and phospho-Smad3 when compared with normal tissues. Our data thus demonstrate that zyxin is a novel functional target and effector of TGF-β signaling in lung cancer. By regulating cell-cell junctions, integrin α5β1 expression, and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, zyxin may regulate cancer cell motility and EMT during lung cancer development and progression.
The Domains of Apoptosis: A Genomics Perspective (2004)

Apoptosis plays important roles in many facets of normal physiology in animal species, including programmed cell death associated with fetal development or metamorphosis, tissue homeostasis, immune cell education, and some aspects of aging. Defects in the regulation of apoptosis contribute to multiple diseases associated with either inappropriate cell loss or pathological cell accumulation. Host-pathogen interactions have additionally provided evolutionary pressure for apoptosis as a defense mechanism against viruses and microbes, sometimes linking apoptosis mechanisms with inflammatory responses. To a large extent, the apoptosis machinery can be viewed as a network, with different nodes connected by physical interactions of evolutionarily conserved domains. These domains can serve as signatures for identification of proteins involved in the network. In particular, the caspase recruitment domains (CARDs); death effector domains (DEDs); death domains (DDs); BIR (baculovirus IAP repeat) domains of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs); Bcl-2 family proteins; caspase protease domains; and endonuclease-associated CIDE (cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector) domains are found in common in proteins involved in apoptosis. In the genomes of mammals, genes encoding proteins that carry one or more of these signature domains are often present in multiple copies, making up diverse gene families that permit tissue-specific and highly regulated control of cell life and death decisions through combinations of stimulus-specific gene expression and complex protein interaction networks. In this Review, we organize the repertoire of apoptosis proteins of humans into domain families, drawing comparisons with homologs in other vertebrate and invertebrate animal species, and discuss some of the functional implications of these findings.
Synthetically tuneable biomimetic artificial photosynthetic reaction centres that closely resemble the natural system in purple bacteria (2016)

Porphyrin-based photosynthetic reaction centre (PRC) mimics, <b>ZnPQ-Q2HP-C<sub>60</sub></b> and <b>MP<sub>2</sub>Q-Q2HP-C<sub>60</sub></b> (M = Zn or 2H), designed to have a similar special-pair electron donor and similar charge-separation distances, redox processes and photochemical reaction rates to those in the natural PRC from purple bacteria, have been synthesised and extensive photochemical studies performed. Mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions are fully investigated using femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In benzonitrile, all models show picosecond-timescale charge-separations and the final singlet charge-separations with the microsecond-timescale. The established lifetimes are long compared to other processes in organic solar cells or other organic light harvesting systems. These rigid, synthetically flexible molecules provide the closest mimics to the natural PRC so far synthesised and present a future direction for the design of light harvesters with controllable absorption, redox, and kinetics properties.
Statics and dynamics of the highly correlated spin ice Ho2Ge2O7 (2016)

The pyrochlore Ho2Ge2O7 is a new highly correlated spin ice material. Physical property measurements including x-ray diffraction, dc susceptibility and ac susceptibility, confirm that it shares the distinctive characteristics of other known spin ices. Polarized neutron scattering measurements on a powder sample, combined with reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) refinements, give unique information about the spin ice state in Ho2Ge2O7. RMC refinements are used to fit the powder magnetic diffuse scattering and predict the single crystal magnetic scattering of Ho2Ge2O7, demonstrating consistency with spin ice behavior.
The microstructure of poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) (1995)

The microstructure of isobutylene-para-methylstyrene (IB-pMeSt) copolymers was studied by NMR spectroscopy. {sup 1}H- and {sup 13}C-NMR spectra were used to obtain overall copolymer compositions.
Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization: Models for Kinetics of Cyclic Poly(caprolactone) Synthesis (2014)

Investigations of the kinetics of zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) were carried out to illuminate the key reaction steps responsible for the formation of high molecular weight cyclic poly(caprolactones). Modeling of both the decay in monomer concentration as well as the evolution of molecular weights and polydispersities were necessary to identify the key reaction steps responsible for initiation, propagation, cyclization and chain-transfer. Nucleophilic attack of the NHC on ε-caprolactone to generate reactive zwitterions is slow and reversible. The modeling indicates that less than 60% of the carbenes are transformed to active zwitterions, but that these zwitterions rapidly add monomer and cyclize by intramolecular backbiting of the terminal alkoxides on internal esters of the zwitterions. This cyclization event maintains the concentration of active zwitterions. The reactivation of cyclized chains by active zwitterions is a key step that leads to high molecular weight poly(caprolactones).
Viscoelastic optical nonlocality of low-loss epsilon-near-zero nanofilms (2017)

Optical nonlocalities are elusive and hardly observable in traditional plasmonic materials like noble and alkali metals. Here we report experimental observation of viscoelastic nonlocalities in the infrared optical response of doped cadmium-oxide, epsilon-near-zero nanofilms. The nonlocality is detectable thanks to the low damping rate of conduction electrons and the virtual absence of interband transitions at infrared wavelengths. We describe the motion of conduction electrons using a hydrodynamic model for a viscoelastic fluid, and find excellent agreement with experimental results. The electrons elasticity blue-shifts the infrared plasmonic resonance associated with the main epsilon-near-zero mode, and triggers the onset of higher-order resonances due to the excitation of electron-pressure modes above the bulk plasma frequency. We also provide evidence of the existence of nonlocal damping, i.e., viscosity, in the motion of optically-excited conduction electrons using a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry data and predictions based on the viscoelastic hydrodynamic model.
High-Quality White Light Generation using Dually Hybridized Nanocrystals and Conjugated Polymers (2007)

Hybridizing different sizes of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystal emitters layer by layer with highly fluorescent polyfluorene as conjugated polymer on n-UV InGaN/GaN LEDs, we achieved high-quality white light with color rendering index > 80, fulfilling the future solid state lighting requirement. Here we also demonstrated the ability to tune the white light properties as desired by carefully designing and realizing the hybrid device parameters including the type and film thickness of closely-packed NC emitters, the concentration and film thickness of polymer emitters, and the order of NC and polymer films. Given their high light quality and tunable optical properties, these hybrid organic-inorganic white light sources provide a high potential for future lighting and display applications.
Medical imaging and computers in the diagnosis of breast cancer (2014)

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and quantitative image analysis (QIA) methods (i.e., computerized methods of analyzing digital breast images: mammograms, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance images) can yield novel image-based tumor and parenchyma characteristics (i.e., signatures that may ultimately contribute to the design of patient-specific breast cancer management plans). The role of QIA/CAD has been expanding beyond screening programs towards applications in risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy as well as in data mining to discover relationships of image-based lesion characteristics with genomics and other phenotypes; thus, as they apply to disease states. These various computer-based applications are demonstrated through research examples from the Giger Lab.
Plasma filling of high-power backward wave oscillators with nonuniform slow wave structures (2002)

Summary form only given. This paper presents the first data describing experiments conducted with plasma filled, nonuniform, backward wave oscillators (BWO). Previous studies have indicated enhanced microwave power output and efficiency in plasma filled BWOs with uniform structures. Efficiency enhancement has also been reported in vacuum BWOs with slow wave structures having nonuniform ripple amplitude. Data such as microwave power, efficiency, spectral content, and pulse duration are presented. Details of the novel plasma injection system are also presented including plasma parameters such as species concentration, plasma density and temperature.
Cryocooler with Magnetic Regenerator Materials Review Article. Development of Rare Earth-Ruthenium Intermetallic Compounds for Use as Regenerator Materials. (1996)

Rare earth-ruthenium intermetallic compounds have been developed for ues as regenerator materials in helium liquefaction Gifford-McMahon refrigerators. These compounds show characteristically lower magnetic transition temperatures than other rare earth intermetallic compounds. The refrigeration capacity of GM refrigerators has been remarkably improved by the use of Ho1·5Er1·5Ru spheres as regenerator materials at the temperature range below 5K. This material posseses a large heat capacity even under magnetic fields of 0.5T in such a temperature range. Spherical powders of these materials were produced by a simple method named the “low pressure jet method, ” which offers good sphericity powders with smooth surface. Nozzle clogging is a serious problem in this method, but we have overcome this problem by reducing gas elements such as oxygen, fluorine, from starting materials.
Classification d'images endomicroscopiques du système respiratoire alvéolaire (2009)

International audience
<title>Light scattering from metal sol labels on high-density DNA probe arrays</title> (1998)

We have been exploring the use of light scattering as a means to detect the binding of nucleic acids to high density DNA probe arrays. Initial work has concentrated on the use of 100 nanometer gold particles conjugated to monoclonal antibodies. A probe array scanner that utilizes an arc lamp source and a `photocopier grade' linear CCD detector has been developed. The optical configuration of the scanner maximizes dynamic range and minimizes optical backgrounds. Initial development of light scattering detection for the p53 cancer gene application shows that functional performance may be obtained that is essentially equivalent to existing fluorescence detection methodology.
Effect of Pyridyl Donors in the Chelation of Aluminum(III), Gallium(III), and Indium(III) (1997)

A new preparation of N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (H(2)bped) is reported, and its properties of complexation with Al(III), Ga(III), In(III), and Co(III) are investigated. The molecular structure of the cobalt(III) complex [Co(bped)]PF(6).CH(3)CN.H(2)O (C(20)H(25)CoF(6)N(5)O(5)P) has been solved by X-ray methods; the complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P&onemacr;, with a = 10.611(2) Å, b = 12.720(2) Å, c = 9.868(1) Å, alpha = 102.70(1) degrees, beta =93.60(1) degrees, gamma = 106.96(1) degrees, and Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.041 (R(w) = 0.038) for 4312 reflections with I > 3sigma(I). The Co(III) ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry with an N(4)O(2) donor atom set. The carboxylato oxygen atoms are coordinated trans, while the pyridyl nitrogen atoms are coordinated cis. The largest distortion from octahedral geometry is the N(pyridyl)-Co-N(pyridyl) angle of 107 degrees. Complex formation constants have been measured at 25 degrees C (&mgr; = 0.16 M (NaCl)). log K([M(bped)](+)) (log K([M(bped)(OH)])): M = Al, 10.85 (6.37); M = Ga, 19.89 (15.62); M = In, 22.6 (15.44). A protonated complex was also detected, [Ga(Hbped)](2+), log K = 21.79. The order of stability is In(III) > Ga(III) > Al(III) for the binary species, [M(bped)](+). The solution structures of the complexes have been probed in multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (27)Al) studies, and these solution structures are compared with the solid state structure of the cobalt(III) complex. The complexes [In(bped)](+) and [In(bped)(OH)] are proposed to contain 7-coordinate In(III) with water and hydroxide completing the respective coordination spheres. The gallium complexes are proposed to be 6-coordinate: the [Ga(Hbped)](2+) complex contains a nondeprotonated carboxylic acid group which is not coordinated, and [Ga(bped)(OH)] contains a coordinated hydroxide which displaces a carboxylato donor. The [Al(bped)(OH)] complex may be 5-coordinate on the basis of its downfield (27)Al NMR chemical shift, 54 ppm.
Novel parkin mutations detected in patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (2004)

A multiethnic series of patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOP) was studied to assess the frequency and nature of parkin/PARK2 gene mutations and to investigate phenotype-genotype relationships. Forty-six EOP probands with an onset age of < 45 years, and 14 affected relatives were ascertained from Italy, Brazil, Cuba, and Turkey. The genetic screening included direct sequencing and exon dosage using a new, cost-effective, real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Mutations were found in 33% of the indexes overall, and in 53% of those with family history compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Fifteen parkin alterations (10 exon deletions and five point mutations) were identified, including four novel mutations: Arg402Cys, Cys418Arg, IVS11-3C > G, and exon 8-9-10 deletion. Homozygous mutations, two heterozygous mutations, and a single heterozygous mutation were found in 8, 6, and 1 patient, respectively. Heterozygous exon deletions represented 28% of the mutant alleles. The patients with parkin mutations showed significantly earlier onset, longer disease duration, more frequently symmetric onset, and slower disease progression than the patients without mutations, in agreement with previous studies. This study confirms the frequent involvement of parkin and the importance of genetic testing in the diagnostic work-up of EOP.