gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumoral heterogeneity of hepatic cholangiocarcinomas revealed by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (2014)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver. Although all CC derive from biliary epithelial cells, two main subtypes, hilar (H), and peripheral (P) CC are described. The objective of the study was to compare, using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS), in situ proteomic profiles of H- and P-CC in order to assess whether these subtypes may express different markers and to describe their respective localizations. Twenty-seven CC (16 P-CC and 11 H-CC) were subjected to MALDI IMS. Proteomic data were submitted to a dedicated cross-classification comparative design, enabling comparison of the entire generated spectra. Immunohistochemistry was performed for validation. Comparative analysis yielded a list of 19 differential protein peaks for the two subtypes, 14 of which were overexpressed in H-CC and five in P-CC. Among H-CC protein markers, most discriminant were human neutrophil peptides 1-3 that were expressed mainly by tumor cells and S100 proteins (A6 and A11) that were restricted to the stromal area. In P-CC, thymosin β4 was diffusely overexpressed. These results highlight the potential of MALDI IMS to discover new relevant biomarkers of CC and to characterize the heterogeneity of the two different subtypes.
Cyanoindole Derivatives as Highly Selective Dopamine D4Receptor Partial Agonists:  Solid-Phase Synthesis, Binding Assays, and Functional Experiments (2000)

Traceless linking of diethoxymethyl (DEM)-protected 5- and 6-cyanoindoles and subsequent incorporation of phenylpiperazine derivatives led to the 2- and 3-piperazinylmethyl-substituted cyanoindoles 3a-m. Dopamine receptor binding studies on the final products 3a-m clearly indicated strong and selective recognition of the D(4) subtype which is known as a promising target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The most interesting binding properties were observed for the 2-aminomethyl-5-cyanoindoles FAUC 299 (3f) and FAUC 316 (3j) (K(i) = 0.52 and 1.0 nM, respectively) when the fluoro derivative 3j proved extraordinary selectivity over D(1), D(2long), D(2short), and D(3) (>8600). To determine ligand efficacy, mitogenesis experiments were performed indicating partial agonist effects for the test compounds 3f,j (35% and 30%, when compared to the full agonist quinpirole).
Figure S1 from CD103<sup>+</sup> Tumor-Resident CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Are Associated with Improved Survival in Immunotherapy-Naïve Melanoma Patients and Expand Significantly During Anti–PD-1 Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary data on genomics&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Polarization analysis of the advanced x-ray astrophysical facility telescope assembly</title> (1990)

The Advanced X-ray Astrophysical Facility (AXAF) telescope consists of six concentric paraboloid-hyperboloid pairs of mirrors operating near grazing incidence. Because of the substantial polarization effects at large angles of incidence, there is concern about the feasibility of polarimetry near the focal plane. The primary mirror acts as a tangentially directed half-wave linear retarder and nearly completely depolarizes the linearly polarized component of the light. The secondary mirror introduces an additional half wave of linear retardance. The tangentially directed one-wave linear retarder leaves the transmitted beam in the incident polarization state. The net instrumental polarization effects are small, and polarimetry is feasible with the AXAF.
Wisdom in the Synoptic Gospels (2017)

The intention of this thesis is to examine the ways in which the Synoptic Gospels understand and portray the connection between Jesus and wisdom.<br/> This study will first examine the nature of wisdom in general. It will then survey the place and nature of wisdom in the Hebrew scriptures and in Second Temple Judaism. Consideration will be given to the theological grounding of the wisdom material, and its relationship with the theology of the broader Hebrew scriptures, including its connection to both law and covenant.<br/> Attention will then move on to a brief analysis of the place of wisdom in the New Testament as a whole, before turning to a detailed examination of presentation of wisdom in the Synoptic Gospels.<br/> This examination of the Synoptic Gospels will begin with a lexical survey and analysis of the vocabulary of wisdom: where it is found and how it is used in the Synoptic writers’ presentation of Jesus. This will be followed by consideration of other ways in which there may be echoes of and allusions to Jewish wisdom material in the Synoptics, and how they are presented. Finally, consideration will turn to material in the Synoptics that, although not directly referencing or echoing OT wisdom, has the pattern or shape of wisdom material, with a view to assessing in what ways this displays both continuity and discontinuity with the Hebrew wisdom tradition. <br/> Drawing the results of this research together, conclusions will be drawn concerning the ways in which the Synoptic writers understand and portray the connection between Jesus and wisdom. Consideration will be given to the similarities and differences between the different writers’ presentations. Further observations will be made concerning the nature of wisdom in the Synoptics, and whether Jesus is portrayed as a teacher of wisdom, an agent of wisdom, or Wisdom personified. This will lead to discussion of the ways in which the connection between Jesus and wisdom relates to the other ways in which he is presented; which has implications for understanding the theological connection between wisdom, law, and the kingdom of God in the Synoptics.
Reappearance of beta-adrenergic receptors after isoproterenol treatment in intact C6-cells. (1983)

The reappearance of beta-adrenergic receptors in C6-glioma cells after desensitization with isoproterenol was studied using the antagonist [3H]CGP-12177. Reappearance had the following properties: (a) it occurred in intact cells only, (b) it was temperature dependent, (c) it required an Na+/H+ gradient, low intracellular Ca2+ activity, and (d) it required ATP, and (e) intact lysosomes. The results suggest endocytosis and recycling of the beta-adrenergic receptor after agonist treatment.
Current Crowding in High Performance Low-Loss HFET RF Switches (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report on an integrated low-loss, high-isolation RF switch using large periphery AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) connected in a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\Gamma$</tex></formula>-cell configuration. The insertion loss was below 0.27 dB and isolation exceeded 28 dB in the frequency range from direct current to 2 GHz. The unit-width <emphasis emphasistype="smcaps">on</emphasis> resistance of large periphery HFETs was slightly higher than that of narrower devices due to current crowding in the metal electrodes. Modeling of the observed current crowding effect predicts that an optimized design will yield less than a 0.1 dB insertion loss, which is comparable to the best RF MEMS. </para>
Polymerization of Styrene in Ternary Microemulsion Using Cationic Gemini Surfactants (1998)

The use of cationic dimeric (“gemini”) surfactants in the oil in water (o/w) microemulsion polymerization of styrene is reported. Gemini surfactants of the alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) type (m-s-m) with m being 12 and s being 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 were used. The phase behavior of the microemulsion is decisively influenced by the spacer length s. All surfactants form single-phase o/w microemulsions with styrene in a temperature range from 25 to 60 °C. For s being 2, only very small stable microemulsion regions were observed, while for s being 4, 6, and 8, the clear and stable regions were gradually increased. The shape of the single-phase regions was very similar to that of the analogous single tail surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. For s being 10, the microemulsion region was distinctly extended, while for s being 12, it was decreased again at low temperature, but even more increased at high temperature. Polymerization of the monomeric microemulsions led to spherical latex particles, whose size range could be easily controlled by the monomer/surfactant ratio. A significant dependence of the particle size on the surfactant spacer length was observed. At 25 °C, the particle size was maximum for s being 10, at 60 °C the particle size increased with s. Therefore, the particle size was directly correlated with the size of the single-phase microemulsion region. The molecular weight was maximum at medium spacer length. The experimental results are discussed by taking into account hydrophobic and electrostatic effects and the respective microdroplet structure resulting from the varying interfacial spontaneous curvature due to the different surfactant shapes.
Deterministic Impedance Models for Interpretation of Low-Frequency Inductive Loops in PEM Fuel Cells (2006)

A mechanistic approach is presented for interpreting the inductive loops often observed at low-frequencies in the impedance spectra of PEMFCs. Four possible electrochemical reaction mechanisms were considered. The side reactions and intermediates involved in both hydrogen peroxide formation and platinum dissolution could account for the low frequency inductive loops in the impedance spectra. The interpretation of the inductive features could be important for predicting the life-time of fuel cells since peroxide degrades the materials used for the fuel cell components and the platinum dissolution adversely affects electrochemical activity and lifetime of the catalyst used.
Diverse mantle components with invariant oxygen isotopes in the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland (2022)

The basalts of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption were the first erupted on the Reykjanes Peninsula in 781 years and offer a unique opportunity to determine the composition of the mantle underlying Iceland, in particular its oxygen isotope composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O values). The basalts show compositional variations in Zr/Y, Nb/Zr and Nb/Y values that span roughly half of the previously described range for Icelandic basaltic magmas and signal involvement of Icelandic plume (OIB) and Enriched Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (EMORB) in magma genesis. Here we show that Fagradalsfjall δ<sup>18</sup>O values are invariable (mean δ<sup>18</sup>O = 5.4 ± 0.3‰ 2 SD, N = 47) and indistinguishable from "normal" upper mantle, in contrast to significantly lower δ<sup>18</sup>O values reported for erupted materials elsewhere in Iceland (e.g., the 2014-2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Central Iceland). Thus, despite differing trace element characteristics, the melts that supplied the Fagradalsfjall eruption show no evidence for <sup>18</sup>O-depleted mantle or interaction with low-δ<sup>18</sup>O crust and may therefore represent a useful mantle reference value in this part of the Icelandic plume system.
Serum Therapy for Tuberculosis Revisited: Reappraisal of the Role of Antibody-Mediated Immunity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis (1998)

Fifty years after the introduction of the first effective antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this pathogen continues to be a tremendous public health problem. The rise in the number of resistant strains and the difficulties involved in the therapy of tuberculosis in immunocompromised AIDS patients have renewed the interest in the development of effective vaccines. To evaluate whether a potential vaccine against tuberculosis could prevent infection by eliciting a protective antibody response, we reviewed the history of antibody-mediated immunity against tuberculosis. Review of the literature of the past 100 years demonstrates that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that antibody-mediated immunity can modify the course of infection in certain situations. Based on our findings and on what is known in other systems, we propose that the role of antibody-mediated immunity to M. tuberculosis be reexamined, using advanced technology.
Advances in molecular farming: key technologies, scaled up production and lead targets (2015)

S.1011-1012
A2A receptor dependent and A2A receptor independent effects of extracellular adenosine on murine thymocytes in conditions of adenosine deaminase deficiency (2000)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and is accompanied by T-cell depletion and accumulation of both intracellular and extracellular adenosine (extAdo) and deoxyadenosine. To better understand the causes of T-cell depletion in vivo and to discriminate between extracellular and intracellular effects of exogenously added adenosine in vitro, we investigated mechanisms of 2 different effects of adenosine on murine thymocytes. These effects of adenosine include direct induction of apoptosis in about 6% to 15% thymocytes and inhibition of T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation of the majority of thymocytes with inhibited ADA. A(2A) adenosine receptors, but not A(2B), A(1), or A(3) receptors, are shown to be mostly responsible for extAdo-triggered signaling (cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP] accumulation) in murine thymocytes and this prompted studies of the effects of extAdo on thymocytes from A(2A)R gene-deficient mice. It is found that direct apoptotic effects of extAdo on CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive (DP) thymocytes are completely accounted for by signaling through A(2A)R, with no contribution of intracellular lymphotoxicity or of compensating A(2B)Rs because only A(2A)R +/+, but not A(2A)R -/- thymocytes were susceptible to apoptotic effects of extAdo. Studies of the effects of cAMP-raising agents support observations of extAdo/A(2A)R/cAMP-triggered apoptosis in DP thymocytes. Unexpectedly, the extAdo strongly inhibited TCR-triggered activation of both A(2A)R +/+ and A(2A)R -/- thymocytes in the presence of ADA inhibitors. This was confirmed with thymocytes from ADA gene-deficient mice, suggesting the existence of A(2A)R-independent effects of extAdo on thymocytes. The presented data raises questions about the identity and functional role of A(2A)R-expressing thymocytes in T-cell differentiation and of the role of TCR-antagonizing effects of extAdo in conditions of ADA SCID. (Blood. 2000;95:3859-3867)
Mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin B and G entry into hippocampal neurons (2007)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) target presynaptic nerve terminals by recognizing specific neuronal surface receptors. Two homologous synaptic vesicle membrane proteins, synaptotagmins (Syts) I and II, bind toxins BoNT/B and G. However, a direct demonstration that Syts I/II mediate toxin binding and entry into neurons is lacking. We report that BoNT/B and G fail to bind and enter hippocampal neurons cultured from Syt I knockout mice. Wild-type Syts I and II (but not Syt I loss-of-function toxin-binding domain mutants) restored binding and entry of BoNT/B and G in Syt I-null neurons, thus demonstrating that Syts I/II are protein receptors for BoNT/B and G. Furthermore, mice lacking complex gangliosides exhibit reduced sensitivity to BoNT/G, and binding and entry of BoNT/A, B, and G into hippocampal neurons lacking gangliosides is diminished. These data suggest that gangliosides are the shared coreceptor for BoNT/A, B, and G, supporting a double-receptor model for these three BoNTs for which the protein receptors are known.
Analytic Bound on Accuracy of Battery State and Parameter Estimation (2015)

Methods for battery state and parameter estimation have been widely investigated, while the achievable accuracy of the estimation remains a critical but somehow overlooked topic. In this paper, the analytic bounds on the accuracy of battery state and parameter estimation accounting for voltage measurement noises are derived based on the Fisher information matrix and Cramer-Rao bound analysis. The state and parameters under discussion include the state of charge, capacity and (ohmic) resistance. The estimation accuracy is influenced by the information contained in the data set used for estimation. It is found that the main contributing factors to the accuracy of SOC estimation are the slope of the OCV curve and number of data points, while the accuracy of capacity estimation is affected by both OCV slope and SOC variation, and that of resistance estimation depends heavily on the current magnitude. The analytic bounds are derived for both standalone estimation, where only one state/parameter is estimated, and combined estimation where they are estimated together. The loss of accuracy in combined estimation compared to standalone estimation is usually expected. However, when the current excitation satisfies certain patterns, such loss can be avoided. The conclusions can be used as guidelines for offline experiment design as well as online evaluation of the accuracy of adaptive state and parameter estimation.
Abstract 12940: Shared Senescence Pathophysiology in Preeclampsia and Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (2021)

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare form of pregnancy-related heart failure associated with preeclampsia. Our understanding of their shared pathophysiology is limited as are treatment options. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that plasma proteomic profiling would identify deleterious circulating proteins and provide insights into shared mechanisms driving preeclampsia and PPCM. Methods: We performed serum proteomic case-control studies in women with preeclampsia or PPCM to identify biological processes common to both conditions. The top candidate was validated in independent preeclampsia (n=58) and PPCM (n=114) cohorts. Preeclamptic placenta was examined as a potential source of circulating proteins. Therapeutic targeting the top candidate was examined in an animal model of PPCM. Results: Paradoxically, we found the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a marker of biological aging, to be the most upregulated process in relatively young women with preeclampsia (normalized enrichment score [NES]=3.3;p adj =4.0x10 -6 ) or PPCM (NES=3.2;p adj =1.9x10 -5 ). 28 circulating proteins contributed to this common signal, and were strongly enriched in preeclamptic placenta, which expressed markers of increased senescence. The TGFb family member, Activin-A, was the most highly upregulated SASP gene in preeclamptic placentas (5-fold;p&lt;0.001). Circulating Activin-A was elevated in preeclampsia (2.9-fold) and PPCM (2.5-fold) validation cohorts (p&lt;0.001) and correlated with impaired left ventricular global longitudinal strain (r=0.3-0.5;p&lt;0.001). In PPCM, Activin-A increased with worsening heart failure, reflected by NYHA class and BNP levels (p&lt;0.05), and cardiac FSTL3 expression, an indicator of Activin-A signaling, was increased (2.2-fold;p=0.005). Inhibition of Activin-A receptors with a monoclonal antibody improved systolic function and adverse cardiac remodeling in a murine PPCM model. Conclusions: These data implicate placental senescence in the increased deleterious circulating proteins seen in preeclampsia and PPCM. We identify multiple new circulating factors associated with these diseases and demonstrate that targeting SASP proteins, such as Activin-A, can mitigate PPCM in mice.
Development of a Shape Memory Alloy Heat Engine Through Experiment and Modeling (2011)

Few technologies can produce meaningful power from low temperature waste heat sources below 250°C, particularly on a per-mass basis. Since the 1970’s energy crisis, NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) and associated thermal engines have been considered a viable heat-to-power transducer but were not adopted due to previously poor material quality, low supply, design complexity, and cost. Decades of subsequent material development, research, and commercialization have resulted in the availability of consistently high-quality, well-characterized, low cost alloys and a renewed interest in SMA as a waste heat energy recovery technology. The Lightweight Thermal Energy Recovery System (LighTERS) is an ongoing ARPA-E funded collaboration between General Motors Company, HRL Laboratories, Dynalloy, Inc., and the University of Michigan. In this paper we will present initial results from investigations of a closed loop SMA thermal engine (a refinement of the Dr. Johnson design) using a helical coil element and forced-air heat exchange. This engine generates mechanical power by continuously pulling itself through separate hot and cold air streams using the shape memory phase transformation to alternately expand and contract at frequencies between 0.25 and 2 Hz. This work cycle occurs continuously along the length of the coil loop and produces steady state power against an external moment. We present engine features and the thermal envelope that resulted in devices achieving between 0.1 and 0.5 W/g of shape memory alloy material using only forced air heat exchangers and room temperature cooling.
Imagined foodways: social and spatial representations of an Inuit food system in transition (2020)

In this study, we examined the social and spatial representations the Nunavimmiut have of their contemporary foodways. Based on Anderson’s concept of ‘imagined communities’ [1991. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Rev. ed.). Verso books], we drew on the notion of ‘imagined foodways’ to capture the cultural and territorial distance between imagined and actual dietary patterns. With the spatial organization of the global food system undergoing considerable upheaval, food provenance is an important – although often neglected – dimension of foodways. The aim of this study was to identify the geographical imaginary the Nunavimmiut associate with different types of foods and food sources. To this end, participatory workshops were held in Kuujjuaq and Kangiqsujuaq in Nunavik between June 2016 and May 2018, which resulted in the creation of mental food maps. The results showed that the imagined foodways represent an idealized version of food that maintains the Nunavimmiut’s close relationship to the land as a source of nourishment and to their traditions. Traditional foods are still highly regarded and underpin an intimate relationship with and detailed knowledge of the land. In contrast, commercial foods, although they account for about 80% of the food consumed in Nunavik, arouse less interest and are the subject of a more ambiguous relationship.
Comparison and Design Optimization of a Five-Phase Flux-Switching PM Machine for In-Wheel Traction Applications (2019)

A comparative study of five-phase outer-rotor flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines with different topologies for in-wheel traction applications is presented in this paper. Those topologies include double-layer winding, single-layer winding, C-core, and E-core configurations. The electromagnetic performance in the low-speed region, the flux-weakening capability in the high-speed region, and the fault-tolerance capability are all investigated in detail. The results indicate that the E-core FSPM machine has performance advantages. Furthermore, two kinds of E-core FSPM machines with different stator and rotor pole combinations are optimized, respectively. In order to reduce the computational burden during the large-scale optimization process, a mathematical technique is developed based on the concept of computationally efficient finite-element analysis. While a differential evolution algorithm serves as a global search engine to target optimized designs. Subsequently, multiobjective tradeoffs are presented based on a Pareto-set for 20 000 candidate designs. Finally, an optimal design is prototyped, and some experimental results are given to confirm the validity of the simulation results in this paper.