gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Systemic or Organ Specific Delivery of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (2021)

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a dominant component of the antioxidant defense system in mammalian cells. Since ionizing irradiation induces profound oxidative stress, it was logical to test the effect of overexpression of MnSOD on radioresistance. This task was accomplished by introduction of a transgene for MnSOD into cells in vitro and into organs in vivo, and both paradigms showed clear radioresistance following overexpression. During the course of development and clinical application of using MnSOD as a radioprotector, several prominent observations were made by Larry Oberley, Joel Greenberger, and Michael Epperly which include (1) mitochondrial localization of either manganese superoxide dismutase or copper/zinc SOD was required to provide optimal radiation protection; (2) the time required for optimal expression was 12-18 h, and while acceptable for radiation protection, the time delay was impractical for radiation mitigation; (3) significant increases in intracellular elevation of MnSOD activity were required for effective radioprotection. Lessons learned during the development of MnSOD gene therapy have provided a strategy for delivery of small molecule SOD mimics, which are faster acting and have shown the potential for both radiation protection and mitigation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of using MnSOD-PL and SOD mimetics as radioprotectors and radiomitigators.
The Effect of Intake Valve Deactivation on Lean Stratified Charge Combustion at an Idling Condition of a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine (2012)

A combined experimental and analytical study was carried out to understand the improvement in combustion performance of a four-valve spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) wall-guided engine operating at lean, stratified idle with enhanced in-cylinder charge motion by deactivating one of the two intake valves. A fully warmed-up engine was operated at low speed, light load by injecting the fuel from a pressure-swirl injector during the compression stroke to produce a stratified fuel cloud surrounding the spark plug at the time of ignition. Steady state flow-bench measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations showed that valve deactivation primarily increased the in-cylinder swirl intensity as compared with opening both intake valves. Engine dynamometer measurements showed an increase in charge motion led to improved combustion stability, increased combustion efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and higher dilution tolerance. A CFD study was conducted using in-house models of spray and combustion to simulate the engine operating with and without valve deactivation. The computations demonstrated that the improved combustion was primarily driven by higher laminar flame speeds through enhanced mixing of internal residual gases, better containment of the fuel cloud within the piston bowl, and higher postflame diffusion burn rates during the initial, main, and late stages of the combustion process, respectively.
An Armed Oncolytic Vector (OV1203) expressing E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) combined with Fludara™ shows increased efficacy (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4022 

Oncolytic adenoviruses are currently being developed as biologically active therapies for the treatment of cancer. These oncolytic adenoviruses have been modified to specifically target their replication to tumor cells by the use of tumor-selective promoters to drive E1A expression. Several strategies have been utilized in order to increase the potency of these vectors including the arming of oncolytic adenovirus vectors with various anticancer transgenes. One class of anticancer transgenes includes the chemosensitizer transgenes such as E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). PNP converts purine nucleoside analogs to highly toxic purine bases that are membrane-permeable and do not rely on gap junctions for cell-to-cell spread, therefore increasing the potential for a potent bystander effect. To determine if PNP can increase the potency of adenoviral oncolytic vectors, a vector was constructed (OV1203) that uses the human E2F promoter to drive E1A expression and has PNP inserted in the E3 14.7 region. Data will be presented showing that insertion of transgenes into this region does not affect the viral growth or cytotoxicity of these vectors. Also, as E3 14.7 is expressed at late time points in adenovirus infection, insertion of transgenes into this locus allows for high levels of tumor-selective expression. In vitro cytotoxicity data from a panel of cancer cell lines demonstrated that when OV1203 is used in combination with the purine nucleoside analog 6-methylpurine-2’-deoxyribose (MeP-dR), the cytotoxicity of OV1203 is increased several logs compared to OV1203 alone or to the combination of control vector OV1165 + MeP-dR, indicating that arming of these vectors with PNP can enhance their potency. Using a subcutaneous human D54 glioma xenograft in vivo model, high levels of PNP expression were observed 10 days after intra-tumoral injection, whilst no PNP expression was observed in the liver, demonstrating the tumor-selective expression of the transgene from these vectors. In the same model, the clinically approved chemotherapy agent Fludara™ (fludarabine monophosphate) had no efficacy when compared to vehicle control as both groups reached a median tumor weight of 2500mg by day 40. OV1203 alone reduced the rate of tumor progression on its own, delaying the growth of the tumor so that the median tumor weight of 2500mg was reached by day 70. However, when OV1203 was used in combination with Fludara™, no tumor progression was observed and the median tumor weight remained at ∼300mg for up to 70 days (duration of study), indicating that the combination of PNP-armed oncolytic vector and Fludara™ chemotherapy treatment was more potent than drug or vector alone in treating the D54 tumors. These studies demonstrate the potential for the use of chemosensitizer genes to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic vectors when used in combination with chemotherapy agents.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Plasma Fibronectin Promotes Lung Metastasis by Contributions to Fibrin Clots and Tumor Cell Invasion (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Plasma Fibronectin Promotes Lung Metastasis by Contributions to Fibrin Clots and Tumor Cell Invasion
P‐117: O Films with Variable Tilt of Optical Axis for Display Application (2007)

Abstract The technology of positive O films with the tilt angle of optic axis continuously controlled in the range 0–90 ° is proposed. It is based on the use of reactive mesogenes and alignment materials providing wide range control of pretilt angle. The developed method helps to optimize angular characteristics of LCD with O films.
A Survey of Corrosion and Conditions of Corrosion Protection Systems in Civil Works Structures of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2014)

This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the results of a survey conducted among U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Districts to document: (a) the presence of corrosion, (b) problems with
PARQR: Augmenting the Piazza Online Forum to Better Support Degree Seeking Online Masters Students (2019)

We introduce PARQR, a tool for online education forums that reduces duplicate posts by 40\% in a degree seeking online masters program at a top university. Instead of performing a standard keyword search, PARQR monitors questions as students compose them and continuously suggests relevant posts. In testing, PARQR correctly recommends a relevant post, if one exists, 73.5\% of the time. We discuss PARQR's design, initial experimental results comparing different semesters with and without PARQR, and interviews we conducted with teaching instructors regarding their experience with PARQR.
A patent update on cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists (2015-2018) (2019)

Approximately 30 new inventions have been reported since 2015, along with 3 recent commercial deals, highlighting the importance of this class of therapeutics. Taken together, peripherally acting CB1 receptor antagonists and modulators are an emerging class of drugs for metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other important disorders where this receptor has been implicated.
Designing a SAW Sensor Array with MOF Sensing Layers for Carbon Dioxide and Methane (2019)

Wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are potential gas sensors for use in energy infrastructure monitoring applications. Here, we present on finite element modeling of SAW devices with nanoporous metal-organic frameworks as sensing layers to develop a novel sensor array for simultaneous detection of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> at ambient conditions. The selective detection is realized due to an increase in mass of the sensing layers upon gas adsorption at the engineered porous sensing layers.
Studies on the diterpenes from Taxus mairei: I. Structures of taxamairins A, B and C (1988)

Three new diterpenes, taxamairin A (1), taxamairin B (2) and taxamairin C (3), were isolated from the bark of Taxus mairei (Lemée et lévl.) S. Y. Hu collected in Fujian Province, China. Compounds 1 and 2 are tricyclic diterpenes containing a tropone ring system, while compound 3 is a tetracyclic diterpene bearing a hemiketal moiety. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of high resolution 1H NMR, 13C NMR, NOE and COSY. The structure of 1 has also been confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
Intracranial CT angiography obtained from a cerebral CT perfusion examination (2009)

CT perfusion (CTP) examinations of the brain are performed increasingly for the evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with stroke and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the same patient often also a CT angiography (CTA) examination is performed. This study investigates the possibility to obtain CTA images from the CTP examination, thereby possibly obviating the CTA examination. This would save the patient exposure to radiation, contrast, and time. Each CTP frame is a CTA image with a varying amount of contrast enhancement and with high noise. To improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) we combined all 3D images into one 3D image after registration to correct for patient motion between time frames. Image combination consists of weighted averaging in which the weighting factor of each frame is proportional to the arterial contrast. It can be shown that the arterial CNR is maximized in this procedure. An additional advantage of the use of the time series of CTP images is that automatic differentiation between arteries and veins is possible. This feature was used to mask veins in the resulting 3D images to enhance visibility of arteries in maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. With a Philips Brilliance 64 CT scanner (64 x 0.625 mm) CTP examinations of eight patients were performed on 80 mm of brain using the toggling table technique. The CTP examination consisted of a time series of 15 3D images (2 x 64 x 0.625 mm; 80 kV; 150 mAs each) with an interval of 4 s. The authors measured the CNR in images obtained with weighted averaging, images obtained with plain averaging, and images with maximal arterial enhancement. The authors also compared CNR and quality of the images with that of regular CTA examinations and examined the effectiveness of automatic vein masking in MIP images. The CNR of the weighted averaged images is, on the average, 1.73 times the CNR of an image at maximal arterial enhancement in the CTP series, where the use of plain averaging increases the CNR only with a factor of 1.49. The quality of the weighted averaged images approaches that of CTA images, although in the present study the image quality of CTA was not quite reached. The automatic masking of veins is effective and only small remnants of veins were sometimes present in the masked images. Weighted averaging makes it possible to create CTA images from a CTP examination with a CNR considerably higher than that of images with maximal arterial enhancement. The quality of the resulting images approaches that of CTA images and offers the additional advantages to automatically differentiate between arteries and veins.
Conception et optimisation multicritère des échappements libres pour montres-bracelets mécaniques (2007)

The watchmaking crisis of the nineteen-seventies in effect marked an interruption of scientific research into the working of mechanical watches. For the past few years, a revival of interest in these timepieces has given industrialists the financial resources needed to improve the performance of existing systems and create new mechanisms. The escapement is the only subsystem of a watch movement which combines an energy transfer function with a direct mechanical action on the oscillating weight : its role here is therefore fundamental. This thesis describes a design approach leading up to the development of an escapement mechanism which satisfies the requirements of the movement suppliers as effectively as possible ; this procedure is based on four phases : formulation, synthesis, analysis and evaluation. Analysis is divided into a quantitative part and a qualitative part. While the state of the art essentially centres on calculation of the performance of a particular escapement, this thesis highlights on the one hand a synthesis-based method which systematically presents the different solutions that may be adopted to make a free escapement ; and on the other, the development of qualitative analysis tools enabling a choice of interesting solutions to be made among the numerous variants which emerge from the synthesis. With regard to the state of the art, the main contributions of this thesis are: an in-depth study of the different sources of interference with the precision of a mechanical watch movement, as well as the potential for improvement of the escapement, the definition of a functional specification for free escapements, the notion of the geometrical function condition and a clear demonstration of the importance of analysis of tolerances, a method of quantitative energy analysis for free escapements, a qualitative analysis of energy transfer in an escapement, the latter being demonstrated by two interacting masses moving on an axis ; the relationship between the efficiency of an escapement and its inertia as well as the quality factor of the oscillator is established, a synthesis approach based on the breakdown of functions, enabling original escapements to be proposed, the systematic search for new escapements with tangential pulses, a nomenclature of free escapements, energy and chronometric study of alternative methods for the transfer of energy to the oscillator.
Affinity-aware work-stealing for integrated CPU-GPU processors (2016)

Recent integrated CPU-GPU processors like Intel's Broadwell and AMD's Kaveri support hardware CPU-GPU shared virtual memory, atomic operations, and memory coherency. This enables fine-grained CPU-GPU work-stealing, but architectural differences between the CPU and GPU hurt the performance of traditionally-implemented work-stealing on such processors. These architectural differences include different clock frequencies, atomic operation costs, and cache and shared memory latencies. This paper describes a preliminary implementation of our work-stealing scheduler, Libra, which includes techniques to deal with these architectural differences in integrated CPU-GPU processors. Libra's affinity-aware techniques achieve significant performance gains over classically-implemented work-stealing. We show preliminary results using a diverse set of nine regular and irregular workloads running on an Intel Broadwell Core-M processor. Libra currently achieves up to a 2× performance improvement over classical work-stealing, with a 20% average improvement.
Abstract 3120: Sex differences in pediatric cancer genomics (2023)

Abstract Sex differences have been observed in the incidence, prognosis and mortality of many different adult cancer types, linked to differences in tumor genomics. By contrast, sex differences in pediatric cancers have been understudied, with almost no genomic studies. To fill this gap, we have performed analyses on the genome, epigenome and transcriptome in eight different pediatric cancer types in nearly 3,000 tumors. Pediatric cancers had distinctive somatic mutational patterns when it came to sex differences, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia exhibiting sex-biases in its transcriptome and other cancer types showing stronger biases in their methylomes. However, no sex differences in somatic mutational profiles were identified. This stands in stark contrast to adult tumors, where we further previous genomic and transcriptomic studies by identifying sex differences in the proteomes, in drug sensitivity profiles and in functional genomics. In summary, our study reveals that sex differences in pediatric cancers are more modest than those in adult tumors and this may shed light into potential mechanisms by which sex influences the cancer genome. Citation Format: Jieun Oh, Chenghao Zhu, Nicole Zeltser, Constance H. Li, Brandon L. Tsai, Paul C. Boutros. Sex differences in pediatric cancer genomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3120.
Treatment of Fibromyalgia with Neurostimulation: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial (2014)

Background/Purpose: NeuroPoint is a medical device designed to provide noninvasive brain stimulation using a proprietary approach to deliver very low energy levels to deep brain structures. NeuroPoint provides a therapy referred to as “reduced impedance noninvasive cortical electrostimulation” (RINCE). An initial feasibility study of 77 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) was conducted between 2006 and 2008. The current pilot study was designed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of RINCE therapy in the treatment of FM.
LWR reduction by novel lithographic and etch techniques (2010)

The reduction of line width roughness (LWR) is a critical issue in developing resist materials for EUV lithography and LWR represents a trade-off between sensitivity and resolution. Additional post pattern processing is expected as an LWR reduction technique without impact to resolution or sensitivity. This paper reports the LWR reducing effect of a post-development resist-smoothing process. Approximately 20% improvement in LWR for ArF immersion exposed resist patterns was achieved for two types of resist and two illumination conditions. The LWR after BARC etching in which resist-smoothing was applied was decreased relative to the case in which smoothing was not applied. Resist-smoothing process also reduced LWR of an EUV exposure resist pattern by approximately 10%. These results confirm that resistsmoothing process is robust for different resists and illumination conditions.
Development of Robotic Forceps for Laparoscopic Surgery (2006)

Minimally invasive surgery accelerates postoperative recovery, but can only be applied by surgeons having advanced conduct skills. We developed a master-slave manipulator, i.e., robotic forceps for laparoscopic surgery that enhances surgical skill. Robotic forceps consists of a master-slave manipulator, a support component, a controller, an operating conditions display, and a foot switch for changing operating conditions. This paper details specifications and components of robotic forceps and evaluates conductance, such as measurement of the slave hand’s grip and suturing and ligaturing, conducted on a sponge stomach model. A comparison of support function in experiments demonstrates their effectiveness.
Evolution of the fibronectin gene. Exon structure of cell attachment domain. (1986)

Genomic DNA coding for human fibronectin was identified from a human genomic library by screening with a cDNA clone that specifies the cell attachment domain in human fibronectin. Two clones which together provided more than 22 kilobase pairs of the fibronectin gene were isolated. The exons in this region correspond to approximately 40% of the coding region in the fibronectin gene. They code for the middle region of the polypeptide which consists of homologous repeating segments of about 90 amino acids called type III homologies. Nucleotide sequence of the portion of the gene corresponding to the cell attachment domain showed that the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser cell attachment site is encoded within a 165-base pair exon. This exon, together with a 117-base pair exon codes for a homology unit. Analysis of the exon/intron organization in some of the neighboring homology units indicated a similar 2-exon structure. An exception to this pattern is that a single large exon codes for a type III homology unit that, due to alternative mRNA splicing, exists in some but not all fibronectin polypeptides. The introns separating the coding sequences for the type III homology units are located in conserved positions whereas the introns that interrupt the coding sequence within the units are in a variable position generating variations in the size of the homologous exons. This exon/intron organization suggests that the type III homology region of the fibronectin gene has evolved by a series of gene duplications of a primordial gene consisting of two exons. Specification of one of these homology units to the cell attachment domain has occurred within this exon/intron arrangement.
Design and Implementation of a Reconfigurable Phase Shift Full-Bridge Converter for Wide Voltage Range EV Charging Application (2022)

This article analyzes, designs, and tests a reconfigurable phase shift full-bridge (r-PSFB) isolated dc/dc converter well suited for a wide voltage operating range. By controlling the auxiliary switches, a series or parallel connection can be realized on the secondary side of the converter. As a result, the r-PSFB converter can operate in an extremely wide voltage range without compromising the system efficiency. In this article, the characteristics of the r-PSFB converter and its design considerations are discussed in detail. An 11-kW r-PSFB converter prototype with 640–840-V input voltage and 250–1000-V output voltage ranges is developed and tested to validate the analysis and efficiency of the designed converter. A comparative study against a conventional PSFB converter is conducted for benchmark purposes to prove the advantages of the studied r-PSFB converter.
tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in cancer (2022)

tRNA fragments (tRNA derived fragments or tRFs) are small single stranded RNA molecules derived from pre-tRNAs and mature tRNAs. tRFs have been known for a number of years, but previously they were believed to be not important products of tRNA degradation. tRFs can be unique, like tRF-1 s, or redundant, like tRF-3 s and tRF-5 s. Scientific interest in tRFs has drastically increased in the last 5 years. Many studies have found that tRFs are differentially expressed in many normal cellular processes as well as in transformed cancer cells. Dysregulation of tRFs expression have been reported in multiple major types of cancer including solid cancers and lymphoid malignancies. However the exact molecular role of these molecules is not entirely clear. A number of studies proposed that tRFs can work as microRNAs by targeting gene expression. Here we discuss recent studies showing differential expression of tRFs in many cancers as well as what is currently known about tRFs biological functions in cancer cells.