gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract P205: Finger Ring Provides Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping Status Based On Analysis Of Oscillatory Photoplethysmography (2020)

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is more useful for the diagnosis of various forms of hypertension including white coat and morning surge as well as other conditions that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality such as sleep apnea. Nocturnal changes in blood pressure (BP) can also aid in the diagnosis of various manifestations of blood pressure independent of hypertension known as salt sensitivity (SS) and inverse salt sensitivity (ISS) of blood pressure. SS individuals experience an increase in BP on a high salt diet while ISS individuals experience a paradoxical increase in BP on a low salt diet. SS and ISS phenotypes affect approximately 18% and 15% of normotensives, respectively, which may result in significant morbidity and mortality similar to untreated hypertension. Consuming a personally appropriate salt diet can result in a circadian drop in BP during sleep, and failure to “dip” can lead to significant cardiovascular diseases. Nocturnal dipping is usually recorded using an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) device. Arterial pulse wave measurements using oscillatory photoplethysmography (OP) are minimally invasive when compared to an inflatable cuff, which can disturb sleep and raise blood pressure. We measured nocturnal blood pressure using a ring based photoplethysmograph (SensoGram Technologies, Plano Texas). A UVA Salt Study participant wore their device upon going to bed and then uploaded nocturnal data to the internet each morning. Systolic and diastolic BP is capable of being measured 30 times a minute for approximately 9 hours and providing over 5000 data points each night. Three representative dipping profiles for an individual yielded a dipping reduction of 24% ± 3% for systolic and 40% ± 10% for diastolic (1 - mid-sleeping lowest value/start of evening highest value). This additional data afforded by nocturnal BP measurement is anticipated to improve diagnostic opportunities in the measurement of SS and ISS phenotypes and provide the user with reassurance that nocturnal BP dipping is occurring.
Dual inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and human rhinovirus with protease inhibitors in clinical development (2021)

The 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered a major target for the discovery of direct antiviral agents. We previously reported the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors in a novel self-assembled monolayer desorption ionization mass spectrometry (SAMDI-MS) enzymatic assay (Gurard-Levin et al., 2020). The assay was further improved by adding the rhinovirus HRV3C protease to the same well as the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzyme. High substrate specificity for each enzyme allowed the proteases to be combined in a single assay reaction without interfering with their individual activities. This novel duplex assay was used to profile a diverse set of reference protease inhibitors. The protease inhibitors were grouped into three categories based on their relative potency against 3CLpro and HRV3C including those that are: equipotent against 3CLpro and HRV3C (GC376 and calpain inhibitor II), selective for 3CLpro (PF-00835231, calpain inhibitor XII, boceprevir), and selective for HRV3C (rupintrivir). Structural analysis showed that the combination of minimal interactions, conformational flexibility, and limited bulk allows GC376 and calpain inhibitor II to potently inhibit both enzymes. In contrast, bulkier compounds interacting more tightly with pockets P2, P3, and P4 due to optimization for a specific target display a more selective inhibition profile. Consistently, the most selective viral protease inhibitors were relatively weak inhibitors of human cathepsin L. Taken together, these results can guide the design of cysteine protease inhibitors that are either virus-specific or retain a broad antiviral spectrum against coronaviruses and rhinoviruses.
Covalent Cross-Linking of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor to Pituitary Receptors (1986)

We have used a bifunctional cross-linker, disuccinimidyl suberate, to covalently attach [125I]human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (GHRF) (-1-40)OH to bovine pituitary membranes and rat anterior pituitary cells. Covalently radiolabeled membrane and cell preparations were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions. In the former case, we observed the specific labeling of a polypeptide with an apparent mol wt of 75,000 +/- 3,000. The labeling of this species was specific for GHRF, as evidenced by the fact that it was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion with increasing concentration of unlabeled GHRF. Furthermore, the radiolabeling was inhibited in the presence of excess unlabeled GHRF analogs but not unrelated peptides such as insulin and rat GH. The size of the radiolabeled band was the same in both bovine pituitary membranes and rat anterior pituitary cells. The extent of radiolabeling was dependent on the amount of membrane or the number of cells present during the binding reaction. These observations indicate that the mol wt 75,000 species is a ligand-binding subunit of the GHRF receptor in the pituitary. Under nonreducing conditions, a species much larger than mol wt 200,000 was specifically radiolabeled, again in both bovine pituitary membranes and rat cells. This result suggests the possibility that the ligand-binding subunit might be disulfide-linked to other subunit(s) forming homo- and heterooligomers.
REGULATION OF SINGLE CHAIN UROKINASE BY SMALL PEPTIDES (1996)

Whether single chain urokinase (scuPA) expresses intrinsic enzymatic activity continues to be a subject of controversy. We report that the activity of scuPA is enhanced by a small plasmin substrate, H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide diacetate (D-VLK-p), but not by a second plasmin substrate, H-D-norleucyl-hexahydrotyrosyl-lysine-p-nitroanilide diacetate (*L*YK-p). D-VLK-p had no effect on the activity of a plasmin insensitive scuPA variant (scuPA-glu158) indicating that native scuPA can be cleaved by plasmin even at saturating concentrations of D-VLK-P. In contrast, D-VLK-P inhibited the activity of the native and scuPA-glu158 complexed with soluble urokinase receptor. Further, D-VLK-p stimulated the enzymatic activity of low molecular weight scuPA (amino acids 144-410) suggesting that D-VLK-P interacts with a second, previously undescribed regulatory site in scuPA.
Octave-spanning supercontinuum generated in SF6-glass PCF by a 1060 nm mode-locked fibre laser delivering 20 pJ per pulse (2009)

We report the generation of an octave-spanning supercontinuum in SF6-glass photonic crystal fiber using a diode-pumped passively mode-locked fs Yb-fiber laser oscillating at 1060 nm. The pulses (energy up to 500 pJ and duration 60 fs) were launched into a 4 cm length of PCF (core diameter 1.7 microm and zero-dispersion wavelength approximately 1060 nm). Less than 20 pJ of launched pulse energy was sufficient to generate a supercontinuum from 600 nm to 1450 nm, which represents the lowest energy so far reported for generation of an octave-spanning supercontinuum from a 1 microm pump. Since the laser pulse energy scales inversely with the repetition rate, highly compact and efficient sources based on SF6-glass PCF are likely to be especially useful for efficient spectral broadening at high repetition rates (several GHz), such as those needed for the precise calibration of astronomical spectrographs, where a frequency comb spacing >10 GHz is required for the best performance.
Accurate and Robust Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

The report focuses on three areas in particular: the first is the Received Signal Strength indicator technique, Direction of Arrival technique, and the integration of two algorithms, RSS and DOA, in order to build a hybrid, more robust algorithms. In the Received Signal Strength (RSS), the unknown node location is estimated using trilateration. This report examines the performance of different estimators such as Least Square, Weighted Least Square, and Huber robustness in order to obtain the most robust performance. In the direction of arrival (DOA) method, the estimation is carried out using Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), Root-MUSIC, and Estimation of Signal Parameters Via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) algorithms. We investigate multiple signal scenarios utilizing various antenna geometries, which includes uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform circular array (UCA). Specific attention is given for multipath scenarios in which signals become spatially correlated (or coherent). This required the use of pre-processing techniques, which include phase mode excitation (PME), spatial smoothing (SS), and Toeplitz. Further improvements of existing localization techniques are demonstrated through the use of a hybrid approach in which various combinations of RSS and DOA are explored, simulated, and analyzed. This has led to two major contributions: the first contribution is a combined RSS/DOA method, based on UCA, which has the tolerance of detecting both uncorrelated and coherent signals simultaneously. The second major contribution is a combined Root-MUSIC/Toepltiz method, based on UCA, which is outperforms other techniques in terms of increased number of detected signals and reduced computationally load.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N2 (clade 2.3.4.4) challenge of mallards age appropriate to the 2015 midwestern poultry outbreak (2021)

Based on these results, adult mallards are viable hosts of HPAIV H5N2 regardless of prior exposure history and are capable of transporting the virus over short and long distances. These findings have implications for surveillance efforts. The capture and sampling of wild waterfowl in the spring, when most surveillance programs are not operating, are important to consider in the design of future HPAIV surveillance programs.
Blends of a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity and Partially Sulfonated Polyphenylenesulfone for Gas Separation (2016)

Polyphenylenesulfone (PPSU) and sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (sPPSU) are widely used for liquid separations in the medical and food industries. However, their potential applications for gas separation have not been studied extensively owing to their low intrinsic gas permeability. We report here for the first time that blending with sPPSU can significantly improve the gas separation performance of highly permeable polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), specifically PIM-1, because of the strong molecular interactions of the sulfonic acid groups of sPPSU with CO2 and O2 . In addition, a novel co-solvent system has been discovered to overcome the immiscibility of these polymers. The presence of a higher degree of sulfonation in sPPSU results in better gas separation performance of the blend membranes close to or above the Robeson upper bound lines for O2 /N2 , CO2 /N2 and CO2 /CH4 separations. Interestingly, the blend membranes have comparable gas selectivity to sPPSU even though their sPPSU content is only 5-20 wt %. Moreover, they also display improved anti-plasticization properties up to 30 atm (3 MPa) using a binary CO2 /CH4 feed gas. The newly developed PIM-1/sPPSU membranes are potential candidates for air separation, natural gas separation, and CO2 capture.
mRNA 5′ terminal sequences drive 200-fold differences in expression through effects on synthesis, translation and decay (2022)

mRNA regulatory sequences control gene expression at multiple levels including translation initiation and mRNA decay. The 5' terminal sequences of mRNAs have unique regulatory potential because of their proximity to key post-transcriptional regulators. Here we have systematically probed the function of 5' terminal sequences in gene expression in human cells. Using a library of reporter mRNAs initiating with all possible 7-mer sequences at their 5' ends, we find an unexpected impact on transcription that underlies 200-fold differences in mRNA expression. Library sequences that promote high levels of transcription mirrored those found in native mRNAs and define two basic classes with similarities to classic Initiator (Inr) and TCT core promoter motifs. By comparing transcription, translation and decay rates, we identify sequences that are optimized for both efficient transcription and growth-regulated translation and stability, including variants of terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) motifs. We further show that 5' sequences of endogenous mRNAs are enriched for multi-functional TCT/TOP hybrid sequences. Together, our results reveal how 5' sequences define two general classes of mRNAs with distinct growth-responsive profiles of expression across synthesis, translation and decay.
Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide (SCOW) Optoelectronic Oscillator (OEO) Systems (2011)

We report on optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) and coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO) systems demonstrated using slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) components for generation of low-noise microwave signals. The OEO employs a high-power, low-noise, narrow linewidth SCOW external cavity laser (SCOWECL) as the optical source, and the COEO uses a low noise SCOW amplifier (SCOWA). High-power, low-noise sources are beneficial for pristine signal generation as the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the optical signal limits the phase-noise of the derived microwave tone. The OEO configuration uses a variable confinement SCOW photodiode (VC-SCOWPD) for signal conversion into the microwave, while initial demonstrations of the SCOW-COEO have used a commercial high-power photodiode. The combination of a high-power SCOWECL and high-power VC-SCOWPD enable the SCOW-OEO to reach oscillation without the use of RF amplification. Using 1.5 km of delay, an OEO operating at 3-GHz carrier frequency demonstrated a phase-noise of -143 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The SCOW-OEO performance is primarily limited by amplitude-phase noise conversion processes in the photodiode. We also describe measurements on a preliminary 10-GHz SCOW-COEO employing 250 m of delay. The SCOW-COEO exhibited a phase-noise of -134 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency with sidemode levels less than -127 dBc/Hz.
GeSn Alloys on Si Using Deuterated Stannane and Trigermane: Synthesis and Properties (2013)

Thick ( &gt; 500 nm) Ge 1- y Sn y films with Sn concentrations as high as y = 0.09 were grown on Si substrates by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition using trigermane (Ge 3 H 8 ) and deuterated stannane (SnD 4 ) as molecular sources. The trigermane precursor makes it possible to grow Ge at lower temperatures, and is therefore more compatible with the low temperatures required for high Sn incorporation. The properties of the films are investigated in detail using a variety of structural probes. All films exhibit a sizable photoluminescence signal, with a direct band gap downshift relative to Ge that approaches 0.3 eV for the highest Sn concentrations.
A tumor detection observer study comparing 2D versus 3D whole-body PET imaging protocols (2002)

In this work the authors compare the impact of the acquisition mode (2D vs. 3D) on the performance of human observers in detecting and localizing tumors. They use a non-Monte Carlo simulator to rapidly generate multiple realizations of ideal data with added spherical lesions and with accurate noise properties, thus avoiding the confounding effect of residual biases. The simulated 2D data sets were reconstructed using 2D attenuation-weighted OSEM and the 3D data sets were first rebinned using FORE and then reconstructed with AWOSEM. To define an optimal protocol for each mode, the authors performed 2D and 3D acquisitions of an anthropomorphic phantom on a Siemens/CTI HR+ scanner and measured the NEC rate as a function of the activity concentration in the phantom for different organs. The peak value in 3D was achieved for an injected dose of approximately 12 mCi, whereas the 2D peak value was never reached. The simulation count rates were therefore set to those corresponding to a 12 mCi injected dose in 3D and 2D and the authors also analysed the case equivalent to a 20 mCi injected dose in 2D which was considered as the maximum allowable dose based on considerations of dosimetry and cost.
VPI-7: the first zincosilicate molecular sieve containing three-membered T-atom rings (1991)

M. J. Annen, M. E. Davis, J. B. Higgins and J. L. Schlenker, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 1175 DOI: 10.1039/C39910001175
Perioperative Infusion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Prevents Insulin Resistance After Surgical Trauma in Female Pigs (2019)

Insulin resistance is an independent negative predictor of outcome after elective surgery and increases mortality among surgical patients in intensive care. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) potentiates glucose-induced insulin release from the pancreas but may also increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and directly suppress hepatic glucose release. Here, we investigated whether a perioperative infusion of GLP-1 could counteract the development of insulin resistance after surgery. Pigs were randomly assigned to three groups; surgery/control, surgery/GLP-1, and sham/GLP-1. Both surgery groups underwent major abdominal surgery. Whole-body glucose disposal (WGD) and endogenous glucose release (EGR) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using D-[6,6-2H2]-glucose infusion in combination with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic step-clamping. In the surgery/control group, peripheral insulin sensitivity (i.e., WGD) was reduced by 44% relative to preoperative conditions, whereas the corresponding decline was only 9% for surgery/GLP-1 (P < 0.05). Hepatic insulin sensitivity (i.e., EGR) remained unchanged in the surgery/control group but was enhanced after GLP-1 infusion in both surgery and sham animals (40% and 104%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Intraoperative plasma glucose increased in surgery/control (∼20%) but remained unchanged in both groups receiving GLP-1 (P < 0.05). GLP-1 diminished an increase in postoperative glucagon levels but did not affect skeletal muscle glycogen or insulin signaling proteins after surgery. We show that GLP-1 improves intraoperative glycemic control, diminishes peripheral insulin resistance after surgery, and suppresses EGR. This study supports the use of GLP-1 to prevent development of postoperative insulin resistance.
Histone Methyltransferase MLL1 Regulates MDR1 Transcription and Chemoresistance (2010)

The multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) encodes P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family that confers tumor drug resistance by actively effluxing a number of antitumor agents. We had previously shown that MDR1 transcription is regulated by epigenetic events such as histone acetylation, and had identified the histone acetylase P/CAF and the transcription factor NF-Y as the factors mediating the enzymatic and DNA-anchoring functions, respectively, at the MDR1 promoter. It has also been shown that MDR1 activation is accompanied by increased methylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4). In this study, we further investigated histone methylation in MDR1 regulation and function. We show that the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) protein, a histone methyltransferase specific for H3K4, is required for MDR1 promoter methylation, as knockdown of MLL1 resulted in a decrease in MDR1 expression. The regulation of MDR1 by MLL1 has functional consequences in that downregulation of MLL1 led to increased retention of the Pgp-specific substrate DIOC(2)(3), as well as increased cellular sensitivity to several Pgp substrates. Regulation of MDR1 by MLL1 was dependent on the CCAAT box within the proximal MDR1 promoter, similar to what we had shown for MDR1 promoter acetylation, and also requires NF-Y. Finally, overexpression of the most prevalent MLL fusion protein, MLL-AF4, led to increased MDR1 expression. This is the first identification of a histone methyltransferase and its leukemogenic rearrangement that regulates expression of an ABC drug transporter, suggesting a new target for circumvention of tumor multidrug resistance.
Optical rotatory power, biaxiality, and models of chiral tilted smectic phases (2003)

Among the chiral tilted smectics, the stable existence has been confirmed in numerous investigations of SmC(*)(A), (antiferroelectric smectic-C(A)) SmC(*)(F11) (SmC(*)(gamma)), SmC(*)(F12) (antiferroelectric, AF) and SmC* phases. The structures of the ferrielectric SmC(*)(F11) and SmC(*)(F12) phases suggested by different models are essentially different although all the models use the three-layer and four-layer periodicity for them. The structures of the phases were investigated using the optical rotatory power (ORP) measurements technique. The ORP was simulated using Berreman's 4 x 4-matrix method. The compound under investigation (S)-1-methylheptyl 4-(4(')-n-undecyloxy-biphenyl-4-yl-carbonyloxy) [acronym (S)-11OF1M7] clearly provides SmC(*)(F11) and SmC(*)(F12) phases, the temperature range for the existence of these phases is about 5 degrees C each. This had not been achieved for the earlier investigated antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) samples. The results obtained confirm that the unit cell of the molecular structure of these subphases is highly biaxial. Due to the biaxiality the texture of the homeotropic cell under a polarizing microscope appears nonuniform. This requires a special approach to the measurements and a simulation of the ORP, which is discussed in detail. A technique has been designed where the transmitted intensity through a polarizing microscope is measured as a function of the angle of polarization of the incident light. From the observed output, which is a biased sine wave, the ORP is being determined. In the same scan, the wavelength of light is also being automatically altered. Comparing the simulated and measured data, we can conclude that in the SmC(*)(F12) phase the distortion angle of the directors in the Ising model is lower than 10 degrees. Using the Ising model, the pitch in SmC(*)(F11) has been determined and this is found to have a strong temperature dependence.
Enhanced self aligned contact (SAC) etch stop window by using C/sub 4/F/sub 6/ chemistry (2002)

A self-aligned contact (SAC) process with C/sub 4/F/sub 6/ based chemistry has been developed for device technologies of 0.13 /spl mu/m and beyond using eMax-an advanced dielectric etch system utilizing MERIE technology. Higher nitride selectivity and a wider etch stop window have been achieved. The new SAC process is capable of etching both low and high aspect ratio SAC structures with up to 30:1 nitride corner selectivity, greater than 87/spl deg/ profile, with up to 6500 A/min etch rate. Process trends versus key parameters have been characterized and CO addition effects on nitride selectivity and profile were also evaluated. A stable process performance has been demonstrated with an extended run of 122 RF hours and more than 5288 wafers.