gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2,4,6‐Tri‐tert‐butylphenyl and 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐methylphenyl groups: Look similar, react differently (2002)

Abstract The crystal structures of molecules with two phosphaalkene groups have been determined. Differences in the stabilization of the PC π‐bond by the 2,4,6‐tri‐ tert ‐butylphenyl and 2,4‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐6‐methylphenyl groups were observed. It has been found that lithium supermesityl(trimethylsilyl)phosphide could be a very efficient base to remove a proton from acetonitrile.© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:662–666, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10083
Outcome of donors with a remnant liver volume of less than 35% after right hepatectomy (2006)

To overcome the barrier of size match, right lobe graft has been widely used in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We assessed donor outcome, with a focus on remnant liver volume (RLV) after right hepatectomy based on the experiences of 2 LDLT centers, as a means of guiding the establishment of safe RLV limits for donor right hepatectomy. Between January 2002 and December 2003, a consecutive 146 liver donors who underwent right hepatectomy with at least 12 months of follow-up were enrolled in this study. Donors were grouped into 2 groups according to RLV: group 1 (n = 74), <35% (range, 26.9-34.9) and group 2 (n = 72), > or = 35% (35.0-46.8). No donors died or suffered a life-threatening complication. Mean peak serum postoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IU/L) levels were 219.5 +/- 79.9 and 231.5 +/- 83.3 in group 1 and 210.3 +/- 81.6 and 225.8 +/- 93.0 in group 2 (P = 0.497 and 0.699), respectively. Mean peak serum total bilirubin (TB) (mg/dL) level in group 1 (3.4 +/- 1.6) was higher than in group 2 (2.8 +/- 1.4; P = 0.023). Overall 23 (15.8%) major morbidities, 10 in group 1 (13.5%) and 13 in group 2 (18.1%), occurred according to Clavien's system (P = 0.939). These included bleeding (n = 3 in group 1 and n = 6 in group 2; P = 0.282), ileus (n = 3 and 1; P = 0.324), biliary leakage (n = 4 and 4; P = 0.968), and pneumonia (n = 0 and 2; P = 0.149). Minor morbidities were also comparable in the 2 groups. In conclusion, the outcome of donors with an RLV of <35% was not different from that of donors with an RLV of > or = 35%, with the exception of transient cholestasis. Therefore, a remnant RLV of <35% does not appear to be a contraindication for right liver procurement in living donors.
Internal reactions of tetraalkylstannanes with carbon-centered electrophiles (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInternal reactions of tetraalkylstannanes with carbon-centered electrophilesTimothy L. Macdonald, Sankaran Mahalingam, and Dale E. O'DellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 22, 6767–6769Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00412a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00412a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fatigue Properties and Degradation Mechanism for Stainless and High Strength Steels in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen Environment (2011)

In order to ensure the safety of pipe and vessel used in high pressure gaseous hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen stations, material properties should be clarified and the mechanical structure needs to be designed. In this study, a cyclic pressurization fatigue test was conducted using tubular specimens in the high pressure gaseous hydrogen environment. Stable austenitic stainless steel SUS316L showed no degradation of fatigue life in high pressure gaseous hydrogen environment. In contrast, metastable austenitic stainless steel SUS304, precipitation hardening steel A-286 and low alloy steel SCM435 (high and low strength) showed degradation of fatigue life in high pressure gaseous hydrogen environment. Higher strengthened SCM435 showed degradation more significantly. It was clarified that the fatigue cracks grew along the interface between martensite phase and austenite phase in SUS304 with the use of Electron Back Scattering Diffraction Pattern (EBSD). Sub-cracks and intergranular fractures were observed in the fracture surface of A-286 which was tested in hydrogen environment. Intergranular fractures were observed in the fracture surface of high strengthened SCM435 and transgranular fractures were observed in the fracture surface of low strengthened SCM435 which was tested in hydrogen environment.
ChemInform Abstract: A ROUTE FROM D‐GALACTOSE TO THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE COMPONENT (‐)‐α‐MULTISTRIATIN (1983)

Abstract Das Galactosid wird selektiv zu (II) tosyliert, das zum Epoxid (III) umgesetzt wird.
Figure S2 from Folate Receptor Beta Designates Immunosuppressive Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells That Can Be Reprogrammed with Folate-Targeted Drugs (2023)

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Analyzing the Molecular Weight Distribution in Supramolecular Polymers (2009)

We have investigated the formation process of supramolecular linear polymer chains and its influence on the resulting chain length distribution function. For this purpose, we explored the migration of excitation energy between oligofluorene units coupled together through quadruple hydrogen-bonding groups to form linear chains that are terminated by oligophenylene vinylene end-caps acting as energy traps. The energy transfer dynamics from the main chain to the chain end was monitored experimentally using time-resolved PL spectroscopy and compared to an equivalent Monte Carlo simulation incorporating information on the structure of the chains, the transition transfer rates, and various weight distribution trial functions. We find that the assumption of a Flory distribution of chain lengths leads to excellent agreement between experimental and simulated data for a wide range of end-cap concentrations. On the other hand, both a Poisson function and a simplified assumption of a monodisperse distribution significantly underestimate the presence of long chains in the ensemble. Our results therefore show that supramolecular polymerization is a steplike process equivalent to polycondensation reactions in linear covalent polymers. These findings emphasize that equal reactivity of the supramolecular building blocks leads to a dynamic growth process for the supramolecular chain involving all chain components at all times.
Sample preparation for 2b-RAD genotyping (2012)

High-throughput sequencing of restriction site-associated genomic DNA \(RAD) is now a widely used approach for simultaneously discovering and pro ling genetic polymorphisms. We describe an alternative approach for RAD genotyping with several useful features, called 2b-RAD for the use of type IIB restriction endonucleases \(AlfI, BsaXI). The fragments excised by type IIB enzymes are uniform in length, streamlining library preparation and producing even sequencing coverage across the genome. The cohesive ends present on both 5' and 3' ends of each fragment make it possible to target a de ned subset of restriction sites using modi ed adaptors. Marker density can be adjusted as needed in this way, greatly reducing sequencing coverage requirements and costs. 2b-RAD offers a cost-effective strategy for high-throughput genotyping that is widely suitable for linkage mapping and pro ling genetic variation in natural populations.
MicroLED light source for optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (2023)

Optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS-SIM) provides optical sectioning capability in wide-field microscopy. The required illumination patterns have traditionally been generated using spatial light modulators (SLM), laser interference patterns, or digital micromirror devices (DMDs) which are too complex to implement in miniscope systems. MicroLEDs have emerged as an alternative light source for patterned illumination due to their extreme brightness capability and small emitter sizes. This paper presents a directly addressable striped microLED microdisplay with 100 rows on a flexible cable (70 cm long) for use as an OS-SIM light source in a benchtop setup. The overall design of the microdisplay is described in detail with luminance-current-voltage characterization. OS-SIM implementation with a benchtop setup shows the optical sectioning capability of the system by imaging within a 500 µm thick fixed brain slice from a transgenic mouse where oligodendrocytes are labeled with a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Results show improved contrast in reconstructed optically sectioned images of 86.92% (OS-SIM) compared with 44.31% (pseudo-widefield). MicroLED based OS-SIM therefore offers a new capability for deep tissue widefield imaging.
A robust skew detection method based on Maximum Gradient Difference and R-signature (2011)

In this paper we study the detection of skewed text lines in scanned document images. The aim of our work is to develop a new automatic approach able to estimate precisely the skew angle of text in document images. Our new method is based on Maximum Gradient Difference (MGD) and R-signature. It detects zones that have high variations of gray values in different directions using the MGD transform. We consider these zones as being text regions. R-signature which is a shape descriptor based on Radon transform is then applied in order to approximate the skew angle. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on an open dataset by comparing error rates.
Membrane‐permeable Triphosphate Prodrugs of Nucleoside Analogues (2016)

The metabolic conversion of nucleoside analogues into their triphosphates often proceeds insufficiently. Rate-limitations can be at the mono-, but also at the di- and triphosphorylation steps. We developed a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) delivery system (TriPPPro-approach). In this approach, NTPs are masked by two bioreversible units at the γ-phosphate. Using a procedure involving H-phosphonate chemistry, a series of derivatives bearing approved, as well as potentially antivirally active, nucleoside analogues was synthesized. The enzyme-triggered delivery of NTPs was demonstrated by pig liver esterase, in human T-lymphocyte cell extracts and by a polymerase chain reaction using a prodrug of thymidine triphosphate. The TriPPPro-compounds of some HIV-inactive nucleoside analogues showed marked anti-HIV activity. For cellular uptake studies, a fluorescent TriPPPro-compound was prepared that delivered the triphosphorylated metabolite to intact CEM cells.
Performance evaluation of AC machines for propulsion in a range extended electric auto rickshaw (2012)

Auto rickshaws are a special form of three-wheeled motorcycle, which are extensively used in Asian cities. Due to the high population density and narrow and crowed roads in many Asian cities, these three-wheeled auto rickshaws with small size and narrow body become an important means of transport for urban resident. However, the conventional auto rickshaws with two or four strokes gasoline engines present serious pollution problem in the cities. Thus, the conventional gasoline auto rickshaws are forbidden in some cities by the local government. This has led to the conceptualization of an all-electric auto rickshaw. Electric power auto rickshaws use the electrical machines for propulsion instead of the gasoline engines. This paper aims to analyze and compare the performance of four different electrical machines: squirrel cage induction machine (IM), interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM), synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM), surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM). The suitability of the electric machine for the application depends on the constraints such as output torque, power density, efficiency, power factor and so on. The analysis and comparison are based on finite element method (FEM) and provides information for making a suitable selection.
Loss of the BMP antagonist USAG-1 ameliorates disease in a mouse model of the progressive hereditary kidney disease Alport syndrome (2010)

The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a key component of the filtering unit in the kidney. Mutations involving any of the collagen IV genes (COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5) affect GBM assembly and cause Alport syndrome, a progressive hereditary kidney disease with no definitive therapy. Previously, we have demonstrated that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1) negatively regulates the renoprotective action of BMP-7 in a mouse model of tubular injury during acute renal failure. Here, we investigated the role of USAG-1 in renal function in Col4a3-/- mice, which model Alport syndrome. Ablation of Usag1 in Col4a3-/- mice led to substantial attenuation of disease progression, normalization of GBM ultrastructure, preservation of renal function, and extension of life span. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that USAG-1 and BMP-7 colocalized in the macula densa in the distal tubules, lying in direct contact with glomerular mesangial cells. Furthermore, in cultured mesangial cells, BMP-7 attenuated and USAG-1 enhanced the expression of MMP-12, a protease that may contribute to GBM degradation. These data suggest that the pathogenetic role of USAG-1 in Col4a3-/- mice might involve crosstalk between kidney tubules and the glomerulus and that inhibition of USAG-1 may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alport syndrome.
Mixed Hydroxypyridinonate Ligands as Iron Chelators1 (2000)

New ligands based on hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO) and other bidentate ligands are explored as iron(III) sequestering agents. These are based on the N,N',N"-tris[(3-hydroxy-1-methyl- 2-oxo-1,2-didehydropyrid-4-yl)-carboxamidoethyl]amine (TREN-Me-3,2-HOPO) platform in which one Me-3,2-HOPO ligand group is substituted with either a 2-hydroxyisophthalamide (TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOIAM) or a 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamide (TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOTAM) moiety. The ferric complexes have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction: Fe[TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOIAM] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 18.1186(3) A, b = 17.5926(2) A, c = 25.0476(2) A, beta = 98.142(1) degrees, Z = 8. Fe[TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOTAM]- crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 31.7556(12) A, b = 14.0087(6) A, c = 22.1557(9) A, beta = 127.919(1) degrees, Z = 8. The aqueous coordination chemistry of these ligands with both the ferric and ferrous redox states of iron has been examined using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, giving log formation constants of 26.89(3) (beta 110), 31.16(6) (beta 111) for the ferric TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOIAM complexes and 33.89(2) (beta 110), 38.45(2) (beta 111) for the ferric TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOTAM complexes. For the reduced (ferrous) complexes values of 10.03(9) (beta 110) and 13.7(2) (beta 110) were observed for the Fe[TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOIAM]- and Fe[TREN-Me-3,2-HOPOTAM]2- complexes, respectively. These data provide a complete description of metal-ligand speciation as a function of pH and of redox activity. The ligands described in this work are part of a new class of heteropodate ligands which exploit the various chelating properties of several binding units within a single tripodal ligand and allow for systematic variation of the properties for medical or other applications.
Narrow bandpass widely tunable Fabry-Perot filter (2005)

This paper presents the results of the analysis and experimental characterization of a narrow bandpass optical filter based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer configuration with a variable spacing between the mirrors allowing for a relatively wide spectral tunability. Such a filter with a high-throughput bandpass and sufficiently large aperture and acceptance angle is of practical interest for a high-resolution spectral measurements and remote sensing in the visible and infrared spectral regions. The Fabry-Perot filter (FPF) can be designed in a compact single-assembly architecture that can be accommodated within existing instruments and should provide a stable performance under variable thermal and mechanical conditions, including space and airborne platforms. Possible applications of the filter include high-resolution multi-spectral imaging, terrain mapping, atmosphere and surface parameters measurements, and detection of chemical and biological agents.
An approach to the mapping of antigens on the cell surface. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Scanning Electron Microscope Studies on Sphagnum imbricatum (1969)

In scanning electron microscope studies on the leaves of Sphagnum imbricatum Hornsch. ex Russ. comparisons between untreated and goldcoated material showed the latter preferable for observations. Pore aperture ultrastructural anatomy previously unreported upon is described. The role of differential shrinkage in the rupture of the covering membrane of hyaline cell pores is considered. Evidence for the shrinkage and furrowing of the outer walls of chlorophyllose cells as drying proceeds is also presented. Since Schimper's (1858) comprehensive treatise, comparatively little has been added to our knowledge of Sphagnum gametophyte morphology. Braithwaite (1880) surveyed the important literature to 1876. Durham (1937) studied the development of the branch leaves and the ontogeny of the hyaline cells. The majority of recent work on Sphagnum has been concerned with its taxonomy and ecology (Rigg, 1940, 1951). Relatively few electron microscopical investigations have been published on the gametophytes of the Musci. Paolillo and Reighard (1967) characterized the ultrastructural features of the green lamellae on the adaxial surface of Polytrichum and Atrichum leaves. Apparently there are no comparable studies on Sphagnum gametophytes. The topography of the Sphagnum leaf lends itself particularly well to observation by means of the scanning electron microscope. This is a newly developed research tool, which, so far as the literature is concerned, seems not to have been used on mosses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mature gametophores of Sphagnum imbricatuum Hornsch. ex Russ. were cultured on peat moss under high humidity conditions in a terrarium exposed to morning sunlight. Voucher specimens were deposited in the cryptogamic herbarium of the University of Nevada. Material 1 The scanning electron microscope used in these studies is located in the Electronics Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. Purchase was supported by NSF grant GB-6428; operation is supported by NIH grant GM-15536 and NSF grant GK-3845. 2 Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89507. 3 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720. FIGURES 1-4. Sphagnum branch leaves at various magnifications, all gold-coated except those in Figure 1. 1. Uncoated, untreated branch, 70x. 2. Vacuum-evaporated and goldcoated branch, 26x. 3. Enlarged view of one leaf, 65x. 4. Portion of the abaxial leaf surface above the middle, 260X. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.159 on Sat, 22 Oct 2016 04:42:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1969] MOZINGO ET AL.: SPHAGNUM IMBRICATUM 485
Historic and Emerging Applications of BCG in Prevention and Treatment of Disease (2015)

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) was introduced 100 years ago for vaccination against tuberculosis and 40 years ago for treatment of bladder cancer. Yet the last decade has witnessed a surge of new uses of BCG in the prevention or treatment of autoimmune disease, allergy and respiratory disease unrelated to tuberculosis. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of the two main uses of BCG, tuberculosis prevention and bladder cancer treatment. It discusses the animal and human studies underlying the new uses of BCG. Finally, it covers the two avenues of basic science propelling the new uses of BCG, both of which rely on BCG role as an inducer of the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): the selective destruction of autoreactive T-lymphocytes and the induction of T-regulatory cells.
Sex Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (2012)

In patients with typical heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, there were prominent sex differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes. Women had better overall prognosis, although the presence of 4 common baseline characteristics seemed to moderate this finding.
Adaptive neural/fuzzy control for interpolated nonlinear systems (2002)

Adaptive control for nonlinear time-varying systems is of both theoretical and practical importance. We propose an adaptive control methodology for a class of nonlinear systems with a time-varying structure. This class of systems is composed of interpolations of nonlinear subsystems which are input-output feedback linearizable. Both indirect and direct adaptive control methods are developed, where the spatially localized models (in the form of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems or radial basis function neural networks) are used as online approximators to learn the unknown dynamics of the system. Without assumptions on rate of change of system dynamics, the proposed adaptive control methods guarantee that all internal signals of the system are bounded and the tracking error is asymptotically stable. The performance of the adaptive controller is demonstrated using a jet engine control problem.
Bacterial surface proteins and vaccines (2010)

Surface-associated proteins play a key role in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis and are the major targets for vaccine development. Recent advances in defining the proteins associated with, and protruding out of, bacterial cells to a high level of accuracy are substantially contributing to accelerating the process of vaccine target identification and development.