gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of anti-diabetic drugs on bone metabolism (2015)

An increased fracture risk is observed in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. Although diabetes-related complications are important in the etiology of bone fracture in diabetes, the effect of anti-diabetic medications should not be neglected. Indeed, many drugs used commonly to treat diabetes can interfere with bone physiology, resulting in a positive or negative impact on skeletal health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on bone.
Predicting the gas-wall boundary conditions in a thermal barrier coated low temperature combustion engine using sub-coating temperature measurements (2017)

Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines exhibit potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and nitric oxide emissions over traditional spark ignited (SI) engines. A prior study has shown that thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can increase the temperature swing during combustion, thus bolstering both low load LTC operation and its combustion efficiency. However, no attempt has been made so far to maximise the benefits through optimisation of TBC thermal and morphological properties. In this work, a finite element model was developed to expeditiously determine crank-angle resolved TBC surface temperatures across a spectrum of potential TBC thermal and morphological properties and facilitate exploration over a large design space. The simulation was validated using crank-angle resolved temperature and heat flux data from TBC coated, fast-response thermocouples. Experiments were carried out using a metal piston, and a TBC coated piston. Subsequent numerical study characterises the sensitivity of the temperature swing on the surface to TBC conductivity.
Nonmonotonic power for tests of a mean shift in a time series (2007)

The null hypothesis-based statistics CUSUM and QS are widely used for testing parameter stability. We provide examples, extensive simulation studies and theoretical results showing that these statistics fail to detect obvious shifts in the mean of a time series. Moreover, the detection probability can decrease when the magnitude of the shift in mean increases. Estimation of nuisance parameters under the null is identified as an important cause of this counterintuitive behavior of the power function. Results indicate that tests designed for the specific alternative of a shift in mean of a time series should be preferred.
Development of discrete nanopores I: Tension of polypropylene/ polyethylene copolymer blends (2004)

Abstract Porous polymeric materials can be prepared by using micromechanical deformations. The development of porous structures in the tension of polyolefin blends are studied with the goal of developing a novel technique to make porous films. It is found in polypropylene/polyethylene copolymer blends of near 50/50 weight ratio that a metallocene polymer pair can produce stable nanopores throughout a wide range of strain, ∼50–700%. Its strain‐to‐break was relatively high, although its continuous phase is a brittle polypropylene. The typical size of nanopores is 10–300 nm; they start to develop at approximately 50% strain. The disruption of craze‐like structures into discrete nanopores seems to be the key mechanism in stabilizing pore development. Varying stretching direction and speed controls the pore morphology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3642–3650, 2004
Introduction of a C‐terminal aromatic sequence from snake venom phospholipases A2 into the porcine pancreatic isozyme dramatically changes the interfacial kinetics (1999)

Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was modified by single and multiple site-directed mutations at sites thought to be involved in interfacial binding. Charged and polar residues in the C-terminal region were replaced by aromatic residues on the basis of an analogy with snake venom PLA2s, which display high affinity for a zwitterionic interface. The PLA2 variants constructed were N117W, N117W/D119Y and K116Y/N117W/D119Y. Titration with micelles of a zwitterionic substrate suggests that the variants N117W and K116Y/N117W/D119Y possess improved ability to bind to the micellar substrate interface, relative to the wild-type enzyme. Improved interfacial binding was confirmed by direct binding studies with micelles of a zwitterionic substrate analogue, indicating up to five times higher affinity for both variants. Interfacial binding is not improved for the variant N117W/D119Y. Maximal enzyme velocities (Vapp./max) with the zwitterionic substrate were between 25 and 75% of that of the wild-type enzyme. However, competitive inhibition and direct binding studies with a strong inhibitor revealed that the affinity for substrate present at the interface (Km*) is perturbed by the mutations made. For the variant N117W, the slight decrease observed in Vapp./max is most likely made up of a 24-fold reduction in catalytic turnover (kcat) and 18-fold improved substrate binding (Km*).
Using hierarchical location names for scalable routing and rendezvous in wireless sensor networks (2004)

No abstract available.
Field-Effect Transistors Based on Silicon Nanowire Arrays: Effect of the Good and the Bad Silicon Nanowires (2012)

Aligned arrays of silicon nanowires (aa-Si NWs) allow the exploitation of Si NWs in a scalable way. Previous studies explored the influence of the Si NWs' number, doping density, and diameter on the related electrical performance. Nevertheless, the origin of the observed effects still not fully understood. Here, we aim to provide an understanding on the effect of channel number on the fundamental parameters of aa-Si NW field effect transistors (FETs). Toward this end, we have fabricated and characterized 87 FET devices with varied number of Si NWs, which were grown by chemical vapor deposition with gold catalyst. The results show that FETs with Si NWs above a threshold number (n > 80) exhibit better device uniformity, but generally lower device performance, than FETs with lower number of Si NWs (3 ≤ n < 80). Complementary analysis indicates that the obtained discrepancies could be explained by a weighted contribution of two main groups of Si NWs: (i) a group of gold-free Si NWs that exhibit high and uniform electrical characteristics; and (ii) a group of gold-doped Si NWs that exhibit inferior electrical characteristics. These findings are validated by a binomial model that consider the aa-Si NW FETs via a weighted combination of FETs of individual Si NWs. Overall, the obtained results suggest that the criterions used currently for evaluating the device performance (e.g., uniform diameter, length, and shape of Si NWs) do not necessarily guarantee uniform or satisfying electrical characteristics, raising the need for new growth processes and/or advanced sorting techniques of electrically homogeneous Si NWs.
Absence of arterial hypertension despite chronic plasma noradrenaline elevation: evidence for down‐regulation of α‐adrenoceptors. A case report (1991)

A 44 year old-healthy female presented chronic and stable high levels of plasma noradrenaline (NA) without any major change in adrenaline. The diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma was discarded. These increased levels of NA offered an unique opportunity to investigate under in vivo conditions a putative regulation of alpha-adrenoceptors by this endogenous catecholamine. Infusion rates of exogenous NA up to 0.74 micrograms/kg per min were unable to induce any change in blood pressure (or heart rate) in the subject, In contrast, in normotensive controls, an increase in blood pressure (+ 15 mm Hg) was observed with 0.39 micrograms/kg per min. The magnitude of yohimbine-induced increase in plasma NA was similar in the subject and in the controls. Platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors evaluated by specific [3H]-yohimbine binding showed a significantly lower level in the subject when compared to controls. The results show that a sustained increase in plasma NA is able to induce down-regulation of alpha-adrenoceptors. This down-regulation can explain the lack of arterial hypertension despite the increased sympathetic tone.
Development of acid-sensitive copolymer micelles for drug delivery (2004)

Abstract In recent years, supramolecular micellar assemblies formed from amphiphilic block copolymers have been receiving attention as potential drug carriers. The size of the carriers is ideal for avoiding rapid renal exclusion and reticuloendothelial uptake, and enables them to be targeted to certain tissues such as tumors. One important issue determining the effectiveness of a micellar drug carrier is the ability to control the time over which drug release takes place, or to possibly trigger drug release at a specific location or time. The mildly acidic pH encountered in tumor and inflammatory tissues as well as in the endosomal and lysosomal compartments of cells has inspired the development of micellar carriers capable of releasing their drug load in response to small changes in pH. One approach to the development of these systems has been to incorporate “titratable” groups such as amines and carboxylic acids into the copolymer backbone, thus altering the solubility of the polymer upon protonation and disrupting micelle formation. Another approach has been to incorporate acid-degradable linkages into the copolymer, either for direct attachment of the drug, or to cause a structural change of such magnitude that micellar integrity is lost and the drug is released.
A Generalized Digital Wallet Architecture (2000)

Osmolytes are known to stabilize proteins against denaturing conditions. Ethylene glycol (EG), however, shows a distinctive effect on α-lactalbumin (α-LA) that it stabilizes the protein against cold-induced denaturation, whereas it destabilizes during heat denaturation. The replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulation of α-LA in the presence of EG shows that EG denatures the protein at higher temperatures whereas it retards the denaturation at sub-zero temperature. Representative structures of α-LA were selected from REMD trajectories at three different temperature conditions (240, 300 and 340 K) with and without EG, and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. The results suggest that the presence of water around α-LA is more at lower temperatures; however, water around the hydrophobic residues is reduced with the addition of EG at sub-zero temperature. The partition coefficient of EG showed that the binding of EG with hydrophobic residues was higher at lower temperatures. Preferential interaction parameters at different temperatures were calculated based on the mean distribution (Γ<sub>23</sub>) and Kirkwood-Buff integral (<i>G</i><sub>23</sub>) methods. Γ<sub>23</sub> shows a larger positive value at 240 K compared to higher temperatures. <i>G</i><sub>23</sub> shows positive values at lower temperatures, whereas it becomes negative at above 280 K. These results indicate that the preferential binding of EG with α-LA is more at sub-zero temperature compared to higher temperature conditions. Thus, the study suggests that the preferential binding of EG reduces the hydrophobic hydration of α-LA at lower temperatures, and stabilizes the protein against cold denaturation. However, the preferential binding of EG at higher temperature drives the folding equilibrium towards the denatured state.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Prise en compte de la mobilité dans les interactions de proximité entre terminaux à profils hétérogènes (2004)

Les progrès conjoints de l'informatique mobile et des technologies de communication sans fil ont permis l'émergence d'un nouveau type de terminal, à la fois mobile et communicant. D'abord possibles au sein de réseaux cellulaires, des échanges peuvent à présent être réalisés directement entre des terminaux physiquement proches. L'objectif de cette thèse est de s'appuyer sur la mobilité constatée des terminaux pour permettre la représentation de leur voisinage physique, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des terminaux à portée de communication, en dépit des différents profils, tant du point de vue de leurs mouvements que de leur portée de communication. Notre approche s'articule selon deux axes principaux. Nous présentons tout d'abord un protocole de détection permettant la représentation des relations de voisinage. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode de cadencement automatique de l'émission des messages de ce protocole en fonction de la mobilité relative des terminaux voisins.
FEM modeling and histological analyses on thermal damage induced in facial skin resurfacing procedure with different CO_2 laser pulse duration (2011)

Laser light is nowadays routinely used in the aesthetic treatments of facial skin, such as in laser rejuvenation, scar removal etc. The induced thermal damage may be varied by setting different laser parameters, in order to obtain a particular aesthetic result. In this work, it is proposed a theoretical study on the induced thermal damage in the deep tissue, by considering different laser pulse duration. The study is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM): a bidimensional model of the facial skin is depicted in axial symmetry, considering the different skin structures and their different optical and thermal parameters; the conversion of laser light into thermal energy is modeled by the bio-heat equation. The light source is a CO2 laser, with different pulse durations. The model enabled to study the thermal damage induced into the skin, by calculating the Arrhenius integral. The post-processing results enabled to study in space and time the temperature dynamics induced in the facial skin, to study the eventual cumulative effects of subsequent laser pulses and to optimize the procedure for applications in dermatological surgery. The calculated data where then validated in an experimental measurement session, performed in a sheep animal model. Histological analyses were performed on the treated tissues, evidencing the spatial distribution and the entity of the thermal damage in the collageneous tissue. Modeling and experimental results were in good agreement, and they were used to design a new optimized laser based skin resurfacing procedure.
Influence of video characteristics of simulator images on remote driving performance (2002)

Driving simulators are finding potential use as display devices in specialized applications such as the remote control and manipulation of vehicles. This work is an attempt to understand how driving control is affected by the video characteristics of simulator images, in particular the update frequency, and the image delay. Five subjects took part in this study. The experimental task was to drive a car displayed on the monitor at different combinations of update frequency and image delay, and the time to complete the task was used as a measure of performance. Results show the presence of characteristic changes in driving time with alterations in update frequency and frame lag. Implications of these findings are discussed in relationship to the video characteristics of visual displays in driving simulators used for the remote control of vehicles by human operators.
Preparation and Properties of NrGO-CNT Composite for Lithium-Ion Capacitors (2017)

The lithium-ion capacitor (LIC), combining the advantages of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, has gained significant attention as a new class of energy storage system. Typically, the LIC consists of graphite as the negative electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the positive electrode, while the energy density is limited by the low capacitance of the positive electrode. In this study, an innovative composite material of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) chemically bonded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), denoted [NrGO-CNT], is designed to circumvent this issue. The [NrGO-CNT] composite possesses not only high electrical conductivity but also high specific surface area and well-distributed mesopores and micropores. The LIC employing [NrGO-CNT] composite shows a cell capacitance retention of 93.5% after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 200 mV s−1, revealing high cycling stability. This LIC delivers a high specific energy of 124.9 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 1.26 kW kg−1 at the cell voltages between 1.5 and 4.5 V. Consequently, the [NrGO-CNT] composite is a promising electrode material for high-performance LICs.
Soft magnetic and crystallographic properties of Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19//Co/sub 67/Cr/sub 33/ multilayers as backlayers in perpendicular recording media (1994)

Multilayers composed of Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ and paramagnetic Co/sub 67/Cr/sub 33/ interlayers were prepared by facing targets sputtering as backlayers for perpendicular magnetic recording media. This multilayered film must satisfy the requirements for both improvement of (111) plane orientation and for providing excellent soft magnetic properties. Co/sub 83/Cr/sub 17/ recording layers deposited onto [Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19//Co/sub 67/Cr/sub 33/(50 /spl Aring/)]/sub n/ multilayers exhibited good c-axis orientation as a consequence of lattice matching with the (111) oriented fcc Ni-Fe plane. This effect was further improved by depositing the multilayer on to paramagnetic Co/sub 67/Cr/sub 33/ layers. Soft magnetic properties of Ni-Fe layers were also improved by forming multilayered structure. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) studies indicated that there is no significant interdiffusion in the multilayered structure. FMR also suggest that one of the origins of soft magnetism in the multilayers was related to the reduction of inhomogeneity of localized anisotropy. Increased Knoop hardness of the multilayers was also observed using multilayers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Explicit In Situ User Feedback for Web Search Results (2016)

Gathering evidence about whether a search result is relevant is a core concern in the evaluation and improvement of information retrieval systems. Two common sources of evidence for establishing relevance are judgements from trained assessors and logs of online user behavior. However, both are limited; it is hard for a trained assessor to know exactly what users want to find, and user behavior only provides an implicit and ambiguous signal. In this paper, we aim to address these limitations by collecting explicit feedback on web search results from users in situ as they search. When users return to the search result page via the browser back button after having clicked on a result, we ask them to provide a binary thumbs up or thumbs down judgment and text feedback. We collect in situ feedback from a large commercial search engine, and compare this feedback with the judgments provided by trained assessors. We find that in situ feedback differs significantly from traditional relevance judgments, and that it suggests a different interpretation of behavior signals, with the dwell time threshold between negative and positive in situ feedback being 87 seconds, longer than the more common heuristic of 30 seconds. Using text feedback from users, we discuss why user feedback may differ from editorial judgments.
Investigation of Compatibility Between IMT-Advanced Systems Operating in Band 3300–3400 MHz and Airborne Radiolocation Radar Systems Operating in Adjacent Band below 3 300 MHz (2018)

The last decade has witnessed a tremendous evolution in mobile technology as a result of increase in demand for new mobile services and capabilities. This growth has led to the development of IMT-Advanced and conceptualization of IMT-2020, which is still being standardized. In order to accommodate this increased demand for mobile technologies, these systems need additional spectrum. One of the bands being considered for IMT-Advanced services under WRC-15 agenda item 1.1 in addition to the existing bands is 3300-3400 MHz because low frequency spectrum (below 6GHz) is absolutely essential for and economical delivery of mobile services. However, the frequency band 3100-3400 MHz is currently allocated worldwide to the radiolocation service on a primary basis. In the light of maintaining spectrum discipline, there is need to investigate the compatibility between the IMT-Advanced system to be introduced into the frequency band and the radiolocation systems currently occupying that frequency band as well as the radiolocation systems currently occupying the adjacent frequency band both below and above. In this research paper we investigate the compatibility between IMT-Advanced systems operating in frequency band 3300–3400 MHz and airborne radiolocation radar operating in adjacent frequency band 3100–3300MHz.The Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT) was used for statistical analysis as well as to determine the probability of interference from unwanted emissions and blocking noise from the IMT-Advanced base stations which is the interfering link to the radiolocation radar system. The result showed that IMT-Advanced system will cause harmful interference to airborne radiolocation radar if the band 3300 – 3400 MHz is allocated to IMT systems.
Optical Matrix Encoding for Constraint Satisfaction (1989)

Many Artificial Intelligence problems, such as theorem proving, computer vision, and expert systems, can be seen as constraint satisfaction problems 1,2,3 . In such problems, constraints are given on any possible solution. Most often, the problem is either explicitly stated in terms of allowed partial solutions or can be converted to such a representation. The objective is to find one or more solutions satisfying all constraints simultaneously, or the determination that no such solution exists. A simplistic approach to solving constraint satisfaction problems is to generate all possible solutions, then test each against the constraints to see if indeed they are satisfied. The process of backtracking provides a marginal improvement by testing increasingly larger partial solutions. Consistent Labelling is a more efficient procedure which eliminates allowed partial solutions that conflict with one another 2 . A problem is represented in a constraint network. Arc and path Consistent Labelling eliminate allowed partial solutions that are inconsistent over the smallest closed loops. The remaining allowed partial solutions can then be used in an efficient backtracking search. Using Consistent Labelling on larger loops, it is possible to obtain solutions to constraint satisfaction problems without backtracking 4 .
Performance Measurements of the Siemens mMR Integrated Whole-Body PET/MR Scanner (2011)

These results compare favorably with other state-of-the-art PET/CT and PET/MR scanners, indicating that the integration of the PET detectors in the MR scanner and their operation within the magnetic field do not have a perceptible impact on the overall performance. The MR subsystem performs essentially like a standalone system. However, further work is necessary to evaluate the more advanced MR applications, such as functional imaging and spectroscopy.