gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF FORMYCIN B ON XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE (1968)

Formycin B, an inosine analogue, inhibits the incorporation of radioactive adenosine, uridine and thymidine, but none of formic acid, orotic acid and inorganic phosphoric acid into the cellular nucleic acid of Xanthomonas oryzae. The biochemical effects are readily reversed when formycin B is removed. Cell-free extract from the organism is entirely insensitive to formycin B in respect to phosphorylation of adenosine and thymidine. In consequence, it is likely that formycin B interferes with some process essential to entry of exogenous nucleosides into the cell. The lethal effect of formycin B on the organism is partially overcame by several nucleosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Myrimcarin 217, a Pyrrolo[2,1,5‐cd]indolizine from Ants. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential Lipid Profiles of Normal Human Brain Matter and Gliomas by Positive and Negative Mode Desorption Electrospray Ionization – Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2016)

Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging was used to analyze unmodified human brain tissue sections from 39 subjects sequentially in the positive and negative ionization modes. Acquisition of both MS polarities allowed more complete analysis of the human brain tumor lipidome as some phospholipids ionize preferentially in the positive and others in the negative ion mode. Normal brain parenchyma, comprised of grey matter and white matter, was differentiated from glioma using positive and negative ion mode DESI-MS lipid profiles with the aid of principal component analysis along with linear discriminant analysis. Principal component-linear discriminant analyses of the positive mode lipid profiles was able to distinguish grey matter, white matter, and glioma with an average sensitivity of 93.2% and specificity of 96.6%, while the negative mode lipid profiles had an average sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 97.4%. The positive and negative mode lipid profiles provided complementary information. Principal component-linear discriminant analysis of the combined positive and negative mode lipid profiles, via data fusion, resulted in approximately the same average sensitivity (94.7%) and specificity (97.6%) of the positive and negative modes when used individually. However, they complemented each other by improving the sensitivity and specificity of all classes (grey matter, white matter, and glioma) beyond 90% when used in combination. Further principal component analysis using the fused data resulted in the subgrouping of glioma into two groups associated with grey and white matter, respectively, a separation not apparent in the principal component analysis scores plots of the separate positive and negative mode data. The interrelationship of tumor cell percentage and the lipid profiles is discussed, and how such a measure could be used to measure residual tumor at surgical margins.
Signal Combination for Language Identification (2019)

Google's multilingual speech recognition system combines low-level acoustic signals with language-specific recognizer signals to better predict the language of an utterance. This paper presents our experience with different signal combination methods to improve overall language identification accuracy. We compare the performance of a lattice-based ensemble model and a deep neural network model to combine signals from recognizers with that of a baseline that only uses low-level acoustic signals. Experimental results show that the deep neural network model outperforms the lattice-based ensemble model, and it reduced the error rate from 5.5% in the baseline to 4.3%, which is a 21.8% relative reduction.
Effects of In or Ga doping on the growth behavior and optical properties of ZnO nanorods fabricated by hydrothermal process (2013)

ZnO nanorods doped with In or Ga were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process on sol–gel deposited ZnO seed layers. The effects of dopants on the morphology, chemical bonding structure, and optical property of the ZnO nanorods were discussed based on the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) results. XRD and XPS results indicated that In or Ga ions were doped in the ZnO lattice. Undoped and In- or Ga-doped ZnO nanorods had a hexagonal pillar shape and a single crystal wurtzite structure with (001) growth direction. For the doped samples, the average diameter of the nanorods increased, while the number of the nanorods decreased, compared to the undoped sample. In the PL spectra, the near band edge (NBE) emission peaks of both doped samples shifted to a lower wavelength. On the other hand, the intensity of visible emission increased for the In-doped sample, but decreased for the Ga-doped sample. We considered that this variation was related to the different concentrations of the oxygen vacancies between the samples, which had bond strengths of Ga–O and In–O different from that of Zn–O.
Assessment of enterotoxin production by Yersinia enterocolitica and identification of a novel heat-stable enterotoxin produced by a noninvasive Y. enterocolitica strain isolated from clinical material (1993)

Twenty-eight clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica were investigated for their abilities to produce heat-stable enterotoxin (YST). All 21 invasive strains (serogroup O3 biotype 4) carried the previously described gene for YST (yst), with toxin detectable in culture supernatants from 20 strains. One of seven noninvasive, biotype 1A strains also had enterotoxic activity, despite failure to hybridize with a probe for yst. The toxin produced by this noninvasive (serogroup O6) strain resembled YST in terms of molecular size, heat stability, and solubility in methanol. It differed from YST, however, with respect to regulation of its production by temperature and its mechanism of action, which did not appear to involve cyclic GMP.
Iridoide aus Verbascum sinuatum (1982)

From the underareal part of Verbascum sinuatum harpagoside [1] and a new diacyl-iridoid-diglycoside [2] has been isolated. The structure of the new compound is elucidated on the basis of (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, mass spectral data and chemical degradation as 6-O-(2'',3''-Di-O-acyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol.
Diamine Derivatives as Novel Small-Molecule, Potent, and Subtype-Selective Somatostatin SST3 Receptor Agonists (2014)

A novel class of small-molecule, highly potent, and subtype-selective somatostatin SST3 agonists was discovered through modification of a SST3 antagonist. As an example, (1R,2S)-9 demonstrated not only potent in vitro SST3 agonist activity but also in vivo SST3 agonist activity in a mouse oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These agonists may be useful reagents for studying the physiological roles of the SST3 receptor and may potentially be useful as therapeutic agents.
Universal quantum computing with anharmonic photonic cavities and free- electron ancillas (2023)

We propose and analyze a new paradigm for optical quantum computation using anharmonic photonic cavity qubits and free-electron ancillas. Our approach enables deterministic, high-fidelity quantum gates and preparation of cluster states between remote cavities.
Basal and inducible anti-inflammatory epoxygenase activity in endothelial cells (2014)

The roles of CYP lipid-metabolizing pathways in endothelial cells are poorly understood. Human endothelial cells expressed CYP2J2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) mRNA and protein. The TLR-4 agonist LPS (1 μg/ml; 24 h) induced CYP2J2 but not sEH mRNA and protein. LC-MS/MS analysis of the stable commonly used human endothelial cell line EA.Hy926 showed active epoxygenase and epoxide hydrolase activity: with arachidonic acid (stable epoxide products 5,6-DHET, and 14,15-DHET), linoleic acid (9,10-EPOME and 12,13-EPOME and their stable epoxide hydrolase products 9,10-DHOME and 12,13-DHOME), docosahexaenoic acid (stable epoxide hydrolase product 19,20-DiHDPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (stable epoxide hydrolase product 17,18-DHET) being formed. Inhibition of epoxygenases using either SKF525A or MS-PPOH induced TNFα release, but did not affect LPS, IL-1β, or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced TNFα release. In contrast, inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase by AUDA or TPPU inhibited basal, LPS, IL-1β and PMA induced TNFα release, and LPS-induced NFκB p65 nuclear translocation. In conclusion, human endothelial cells contain a TLR-4 regulated epoxygenase CYP2J2 and metabolize linoleic acid>eicosapentaenoic acid > arachidonic acid>docosahexaenoic acid to products with anti-inflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Induction in Photochemical Reactions. Part 8. Diastereoselective Photo‐Aldol Reaction on Chiral α‐Keto Esters with 2,3‐Dihydrooxazoles. (1988)

Abstract Photochemical reaction of the chiral esters (I) with the dihydrooxazole (II) occurs selectively to give the oxetanes (III) and (IV) with endo phenyl groups (both the main products (III) can be isolated with 53% yield).
The application of DSP C language compilers to adaptive signal processing (2003)

Techniques are described that lead to the efficient implementation of adaptive filters using C language on the TMS320C25, TMS320C30, DSP32, and DSP56000 digital signal processors (DSPs). The relative performances of these C compilers were related to the architecture of each DSP. In order to generate efficient codes for DSP systems, four C function libraries for implementing the most widely used adaptive filters were developed. These libraries also provide the facility to do rapid prototyping and implementing of adaptive signal processing algorithms. The problem of roundoff noise produced from the C compiler output code is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Limitations of the Pd/BINAP‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Na2Ti6O13: A Potential Anode for Grid‐Storage Sodium‐Ion Batteries. (2013)

Abstract Nanorods of the title compound are synthesized from a mixture of Na(OAc), Ti(O‐iPr) 4 , and hexadecyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium bromide in H 2 O and EtOH, followed by sintering of the obtained powder in air at 800 °C for 6 h.
Fuel Cell-Based Powertrain System Modeling and Simulation for Small Aircraft Propulsion Applications (2009)

A solid oxide fuel cell-based power system is modeled and simulated to investigate both power management and controllability issues experienced while subjecting the system to the typical power requirements of a small aircraft. Initially, the fuel cell stack is assumed to operate along one characteristic I-V curve, thus isolating the power management study to the system’s powertrain components. Electrical converters transfer dc power from the fuel cell to usable ac power for an electric motor-driven propeller. To avoid oversizing, the fuel cell stack is designed to operate near its maximum power limit during aircraft cruising, while a battery is employed as an alternative source to provide additional power beyond the cruising kilowatt requirement (e.g., takeoff or maneuvering).
Energy-Efficient Quantization and Resource Allocation for TDMA with Finite Rate Feedback (2008)

We deal with energy efficient time-division multiple access (TDMA) over fading channels with finite-rate feedback for use in the power-limited regime. Through finite-rate feedback from the access point, users acquire quantized channel state information. The goal is to map channel quantization states to adaptive modulation and coding modes and allocate optimally time slots to users so that the total average transmit-power is minimized. To this end, we develop a joint quantization and\n\t\t\t\t resource allocation approach, which decouples the complicated problem at hand into three minimization sub-problems and relies on a coordinate descent approach to iteratively effect energy efficiency. A sub-optimal yet simplified alternative algorithm which decouples the original problem into two sub-problems is also presented. Numerical results are presented to evaluate the energy savings and compare the novel approaches.
Estimation of Reactor Parameters by Optimal Filtering Method (1971)

Abstract Measurements of reactor parameters, such as prompt neutron generation time and subcriticality, have been made in the past using band pass filters or else applying the correlation technique. Other new methods of reactor parameter estimation would now appear to be available thanks to the recent developments in optimal filtering technique, such as optimal linear (Kalman) filter and some of the nonlinear optimal filters. Such new methods should prove very promising for on-line estimation of the reactor parameters. In this paper a description is given of the application of some of these new methods to subcriticality measurements. The results of computer simulation of estimates using the Kalman filter are presented, as also on account of experiments with the actual reactor noise obtained on the Toshiba Training Reactor (TTR-1), using a nonlinear analog filter. The results agreed with those reported by Nomura using conventional methods.
Search for gravitational waves from primordial black hole binary coalescences in the galactic halo (2005)

We use data from the second science run of the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors to search for the gravitational waves from primordial black hole binary coalescence with component masses in the range $0.2--1.0{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. The analysis requires a signal to be found in the data from both LIGO observatories, according to a set of coincidence criteria. No inspiral signals were found. Assuming a spherical halo with core radius 5 kpc extending to 50 kpc containing nonspinning black holes with masses in the range $0.2--1.0{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, we place an observational upper limit on the rate of primordial black hole coalescence of 63 per year per Milky Way halo (MWH) with 90% confidence.
Finite Element Modeling and Critical Plane Analysis of a Cut-and-Chip Experiment for Rubber (2020)

ABSTRACT Rubber surfaces exposed to concentrated, sliding impacts carry large normal and shearing stresses that can cause damage and the eventual removal of material from the surface. Understanding this cut-and-chip (CC) effect in rubber is key to developing improved tread compounds for tires used in off-road or poor road conditions. To better understand the mechanics involved in the CC process, an analysis was performed of an experiment conducted on a recently introduced device, the Instrumented Chip and Cut Analyzer (ICCA), which repetitively impacts a rigid indenter against a rotating solid rubber wheel. The impact process is carefully controlled and measured on this lab instrument, so that the contact time, normal force, and shear force are all known. The numerical evaluation includes Abaqus finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the stress and strain fields during impact. The FEA results are combined with rubber fracture mechanics characteristics of the material as inputs to the Endurica CL elastomer fatigue solver, which employs critical plane analysis to determine the fatigue response of the specimen surface. The modeling inputs are experimentally determined hyperelastic stress-strain parameters, crack growth rate laws, and crack precursor sizes for carbon black–filled compounds wherein the type of elastomer is varied in order to compare natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). At the lower impact force, the simulation results were consistent with the relative CC resistances of NR, BR, and SBR measured using the ICCA, which followed the order BR &gt; NR &gt; SBR. Impact-induced temperature increases need to be considered in the fatigue analysis of the higher impact force to provide lifetime predictions that match the experimental CC resistance ranking of NR &gt; SBR &gt; BR.
Sparsity-Leveraging Reconfiguration of Smart Distribution Systems (2014)

A system reconfiguration problem is considered for three-phase power distribution networks featuring distributed generation. In lieu of binary line selection variables, the notion of group sparsity is advocated to re-formulate the nonconvex distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) problem into a convex one. It is shown that the line selection task boils down to a shrinkage and thresholding operation on the line currents. Further, numerical tests illustrate the ability of the proposed scheme to identify meshed, weakly meshed, or even radial configurations by adjusting a sparsity-tuning parameter in the DSR cost. Constraints on the voltages are investigated and incorporated in the novel DSR problem to facilitate voltage regulation.
Analysis andoptimal useofGNSSpseudo-range delays inurbancanyons (2006)

GNSSpenetration intothemassmarketwill generate newservices inparticular inurbanareas. Some ofthese applications will needrelative accurate positions, notavailable todayinsuchenvironment becauseof maskingobstacles thatcausesignalblockageand positioning errors. Theaimofthispaperistointroduce thepropagation phenomena andthewaytocomputeand process them.Two approaches areintroduced thatwill usethepredicted knowledge oftheenvironment andits impact inordertoprovide better accuracy.
Supplementary Data from The Polarity and Specificity of Antiviral T Lymphocyte Responses Determine Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Cancer and Healthy Individuals (2023)

Supplementary Data from The Polarity and Specificity of Antiviral T Lymphocyte Responses Determine Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Cancer and Healthy Individuals
Synthesis of 2- and 6-deoxyinositol 1-phosphate and the role of the adjacent hydroxy groups in the mechanism of inositol monophosphatase (1989)

The 2- and 6-hydroxy groups of myo-inositol 1-phosphate have been shown to be independently associated with the mechanisms of hydrolysis and binding in the dephosphorylation of the substrate by inositol monophosphatase.
ChemInform Abstract: MODEL STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDOMONIC ACIDS (1982)

Abstract Über die im Formelschema angegebene Reaktionsfolge wird aus dem Cyclohexenol (I) das Produkt (VIII) erhalten, dessen Komponenten durch Blitzchromatographie getrennt werden.
Effect of Endothelin-1 on Canine Airway Blood Flow (1993)

The effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the blood flow contributions of the pulmonary and systemic circulations to the trachea and main bronchi were measured in anesthetized dogs by injecting 15-microns radiolabeled microspheres into the right and left heart, respectively. After the microsphere injections the animals were killed, and the tracheal cartilage, tracheal muscle mucosa, and main bronchi were excised and collected for radioactive counting. The results of this study showed that under normal conditions tracheal blood flow was primarily systemic (> 95% of total tracheal blood flow) averaging 25-50 ml/min/100 g, whereas both the pulmonary (9-10 ml/min/100 g) and systemic circulations (19-20 ml/min/100 g) contributed substantially to main bronchi blood flow. Administration of ET-1 i.v. decreased systemic tracheal cartilage blood flow from 25.3 +/- 3.8 to 14.5 +/- 2.8 ml/min/100 g, systemic tracheal mucosal blood flow from 50.0 +/- 7.0 to 25.0 +/- 7.0 ml/min/100 g, and systemic main bronchi blood flow from 19.4 +/- 4.6 to 11.6 +/- 3.4 ml/min/100 g (p < 0.05). These results indicate that ET-1 is a potent constrictor of the airway circulation and may contribute to airway ischemia seen in different airway disease states.
Mirna Regulation of Blood Group AB0 Genes (2015)

Abstract In clinical transfusion and transplantation medicine, AB0 is the most important blood group system. A and B antigens are synthesized by glycosyltransferases A and B encoded by co-dominantly inherited A and B genes. The 0 phenotype derives from a single nucleotide deletion; the resulting stop codon in the exon 7 of glycosyltransferase A leads to a lack of glycosylation activity to A and/or B. The DNA structure of the three major alleles of the human blood group AB0 system was first described in 1990. Besides the 4 major AB0 blood groups (A, B, AB, 0), weak expression variants commonly occur. Beside introns and exons, two regions were found to be critical for transcriptional activity of AB0 genes: a promotor sequence upstream of the translation start site and a CBF/NF-Y-binding enhancer element. However, the molecular basis for the weak expression levels of AB0 blood group receptors is not fully understood. Here we asked whether microRNA´s may play a role in the regulation of blood group A and B antigens. MiRNA's are small, non-protein encoding RNA sequences that bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs resulting in translation repression or mRNA degradation. By distinct complementary approaches, including gene array analysis and overexpression of glycosyltransferase specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in primary hematopoietic stem cells, we identify here that miR-331-3p and miR-1908-5p directly target glycosyltransferase A and B. Consistently, overexpression of miR-331-3p and -1908-5p in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to a 30-50% reduction of blood group A antigens per cell in differentiated RBCs. Downregulation of endogenous miR-1908-5p but not miR-331-3p leads to increased amount of blood group A antigen per red blood cell compared to control cells. This discrepancy between the effects of downregulation of miR-1908-5p and of miR-331-3p is likely explained by the constitutive expression levels of both miRNAs during erythropoiesis. In particular, miR-1908-5p is expressed throughout erythroid differentiation, while miR-331 displays low expression, thus, further downregulation of miR-331-3p could not further affect blood group A antigen levels. Furthermore miR-331-3p and -1908-5p were enhanced in red blood cells of Aweak variants. Sequencing of the 3'UTR of 6 Aweak variants revealed the presence of more miRNA binding sites for miR-1908-5p compared to normal controls. These data identify microRNAs as regulators of blood group glycosyltransferase expression, thereby extending our understanding of blood group regulation in carriers of weak blood group variants. Regulating blood groups by microRNAs could pave the way for the development of universal blood. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Recovery of Shear-Modified Polybutadiene Solutions (2006)

Abstract We have investigated the recovery of the overshoot in the transient viscosity, the first normal stress coefficient, and the dynamic modulus for entangled polybutadiene solutions subjected to nonlinear shear flow. The molecular-weight dependences of the various time scales (linear viscoelastic relaxation time, entanglement recovery time, and timescale for decay of stress following cessation of shearing) are all consistent with the usual 3.4 power law. Nevertheless, the time for recovery of the stress overshoot and plateau value of the dynamic modulus were substantially longer (by as much as two orders of magnitude) than the linear viscoelastic relaxation time calculated from the Newtonian viscosity and the equilibrium recoverable compliance. These results indicate that complete entanglement recovery requires cooperative chain motions over a length scale exceeding that associated with linear relaxation. This persistence of a disentangled state means that a state of low viscosity and reduced elasticity is retained for an extended time, suggesting that shear modification can be used to facilitate the processing of polymers.