gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Order Picking Guidance with Microsoft Hololens, Magic Leap, Google Glass XE and Paper (2021)

Head-worn displays (HWDs) are an efficient and cost-effective means to guide users in order picking, a task that requires users to alternate their attention between the physical environment and the HWD's virtual image. After training 12 participants to expertise in picking, we compare three significantly different HWDs: Magic Leap One, Microsoft Hololens, and Google Glass Explorer Edition against paper pick lists (the industry standard). We find that previous findings on HWD benefits during such tasks are not reflected in all HWDs, suggesting that hardware design significantly influences efficacy. Based on experimental results and observations, we highlight challenges such as head weight, mounting, display clarity, field of view (FOV), and display position and discuss their possible effects on user comfort, user preference, task speed, and task accuracy.
Negative-Index Metamaterials: Going Optical (2006)

The race to engineering metamaterials comprising of a negative refractive index in the optical range has been fueled by the realization of negative index materials for GHz frequencies six years ago. Sheer miniaturization of the GHz resonant structures is one approach. Alternative designs make use of localized plasmon resonant metal nanoparticles or nanoholes in metal films. Following this approach, a negative refractive index has been realized in the optical range very recently. We review these recent results and summarize how to unambiguously retrieve the effective refractive index of thin layers from data accessible to measurements. Numerical simulations show that a composite material comprising of silver strips and a gain providing material can have a negative refractive index of -1.3 and 100% transmission, simultaneously.
Carnosic Acid as a Major Bioactive Component in Rosemary Extract Ameliorates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice (2015)

In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of carnosic acid (CA) as a major bioactive component in rosemary extract (RE) on high-fat-diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice. The mice were given a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with either 0.14% or 0.28% (w/w) CA-enriched RE (containing 80% CA, RE#1L and RE#1H), or 0.5% (w/w) RE (containing 45% CA, RE#2), for a period of 16 weeks. There was the same CA content in the RE#1H and RE#2 diets and half of this amount in the RE#1L diet. The dietary RE supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, percent of fat, plasma ALT, AST, glucose, insulin levels, liver weight, liver triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels in comparison with the mice fed with a HF diet without RE treatment. RE administration also decreased the levels of plasma and liver malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the liver expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE) in comparison with those for mice of the HF group. Histological analyses of liver samples showed decreased lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in mice administrated with RE in comparison with that of HF-diet-fed mice. Meanwhile, RE administration enhanced fecal lipid excretion to inhibit lipid absorption and increased the liver GSH/GSSG ratio to perform antioxidant activity compared with HF group. Our results demonstrate that rosemary is a promising dietary agent to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Influence of Body Condition on Influenza A Virus Infection in Mallard Ducks: Experimental Infection Data (2011)

Migrating waterfowl are implicated in the global spread of influenza A viruses (IAVs), and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are considered a particularly important IAV reservoir. Prevalence of IAV infection in waterfowl peaks during autumn pre-migration staging and then declines as birds reach wintering areas. Migration is energetically costly and birds often experience declines in body condition that may suppress immune function. We assessed how body condition affects susceptibility to infection, viral shedding and antibody production in wild-caught and captive-bred juvenile mallards challenged with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5N9. Wild mallards (n = 30) were separated into three experimental groups; each manipulated through food availability to a different condition level (-20%, -10%, and normal ±5% original body condition), and captive-bred mallards (n = 10) were maintained at normal condition. We found that wild mallards in normal condition were more susceptible to LPAIV infection, shed higher peak viral loads and shed viral RNA more frequently compared to birds in poor condition. Antibody production did not differ according to condition. We found that wild mallards did not differ from captive-bred mallards in viral intensity and duration of infection, but they did exhibit lower antibody titers and greater variation in viral load. Our findings suggest that reduced body condition negatively influences waterfowl host competence to LPAIV infection. This observation is contradictory to the recently proposed condition-dependent hypothesis, according to which birds in reduced condition would be more susceptible to IAV infection. The mechanisms responsible for reducing host competency among birds in poor condition remain unknown. Our research indicates body condition may influence the maintenance and spread of LPAIV by migrating waterfowl.
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) Goals for Mobile IPv6 (2009)

In commercial and enterprise deployments Mobile IPv6 can be a service
offered by a Mobility Services Provider (MSP). In this case all
protocol operations may need to be explicitly authorized and traced,
requiring the interaction between Mobile IPv6 and the AAA
infrastructure. Integrating the AAA infrastructure (e.g. NAS and AAA
server) offers also a solution component for Mobile IPv6
bootstrapping. This document describes various scenarios where a AAA
interface for Mobile IPv6 is required. Additionally, it lists design
goals and requirements for such an interface.
Kinetic Control of Graphene Localization in Co-continuous Polymer Blends via Melt Compounding (2017)

Selective localization of graphene in co-continuous polymer blends is an attractive method for preparing conductive polymer composites. Localization of graphene at the interface between the two polymer phases produces good conductivity at ultra-low concentrations. Although graphene localization is ultimately dependent on thermodynamic factors such as the surface energy of graphene and the two polymer components, kinetics also strongly affects the migration and localization of graphene in polymer blends during melt compounding. However, few studies have systemically investigated the important role of kinetics on graphene localization. Here, we introduced graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in polylactic acid (PLA)/polystyrene (PS) co-continuous polymer blends. Although GNPs in thermal equilibrium prefer the PS phase, we were able to kinetically trap GNPs at the interface of polymer blends via control of melt-compounding sequences, mixing times and shear rates. Utilizing morphological, rheological, and electrical measurements, we verified graphene localization and the suppression of coarsening in co-continuous polymer blends during annealing. When GNPs were premixed with the thermodynamically less-favorable PLA phase before mixing with the PS phase, GNPs can be kinetically trapped at the interface during melt compounding. Moreover, we show that a shorter melt-compounding time gives rise to a higher GNP interfacial coverage and a more effective morphology stabilization effect. Blends with as low as 0.5 wt % GNPs with only 30 s of melt compounding have a room-temperature conductivity of ∼10<sup>-6</sup> S/cm, which is larger than blends with longer melt-compounding times and potentially useful for antistatic materials. The in-depth study on the kinetics of graphene localization in our work provides a general guideline for the kinetic control of the localization of platelike nanofillers in polymer blends. Our study also demonstrates a facile method for manufacturing conductive polymer blends with low percolation thresholds.
Octaamide hemicarcerands (1992)

The syntheses, characterization (including a crystal structure determination), and limited constrictive binding properties of two octaamide hemicarcerands are reported, as well as a fourfold rearrangement of an acid–acetal to a phenol–lactone–acetal, the crystal structure of which has been determined.
Toward the Super Temporal Resolution Image Sensor with a Germanium Photodiode for Visible Light (2020)

The theoretical temporal resolution limit tT of a silicon photodiode (Si PD) is 11.1 ps. We call "super temporal resolution" the temporal resolution that is shorter than that limit. To achieve this resolution, Germanium is selected as a candidate material for the photodiode (Ge PD) for visible light since the absorption coefficient of Ge for the wavelength is several tens of times higher than that of Si, allowing a very thin PD. On the other hand, the saturation drift velocity of electrons in Ge is about 2/3 of that in Si. The ratio suggests an ultra-short propagation time of electrons in the Ge PD. However, the diffusion coefficient of electrons in Ge is four times higher than that of Si. Therefore, Monte Carlo simulations were applied to analyze the temporal resolution of the Ge PD. The estimated theoretical temporal resolution limit is 0.26 ps, while the practical limit is 1.41 ps. To achieve a super temporal resolution better than 11.1 ps, the driver circuit must operate at least 100 GHz. It is thus proposed to develop, at first, a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) ultra-high-speed image sensor with a thicker and wider Ge PD, and then gradually decrease the size along with the progress of the driver circuits.
Microstructure of Bone Around Natural Hole in Bovine Lumbar Vertebra (2007)

Naturally occurring holes in bone called foramina are not detected as region of crack initiation or growth. Lumbar vertebrae, which are subjected to complex external loads, have considerable number of such big and small foramina. The mechanical characteristics of bone profoundly depend on the mineral content (HAp crystals) and collagen fibers alignment, where c-crystallographic axis of HAp crystals are preferentially oriented parallel to the long axis of collagen fibers. In the current work, we investigated the crystal orientation and mineral distribution around the foramen using X-rays to explore the reason of foramen not being region of crack initiation or growth to the precise level. Specimens were harvested from bovine lumbar vertebrae. The orientations of HAp crystals were determined from the diffracted intensity profile of X-rays using imaging plate. Mineral fractions were measured from the fraction of X-rays transmitted through the specimen. The tangential orientation of the crystals revealed around the foramen edge was considered as the main reinforcing parameter for the foramen. The minerals were distributed in the specimen without any predictable tendency. Hence, they were not considered as a strengthening parameter. A thicker cortical region was discovered near the surface around the upper edge of the foramen, which was also extended within the cancellous mass as a thin cylindrical cortical shell covering the foramen from inside. Such structures were regarded to result the foramen a damage resistant site.
Cytotoxic phenolic compounds in leaf buds of Populus tremuloides (2010)

Phytochemical investigations of the EtOH extract of Populus tremuloides leaf buds led to the isolation of 19 phenolic compounds. Among them, (1S,2S)-1-[4-O-E-coumaroyl-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy]cyclohexanediol was reported for the first time, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic (NMR and MS) and chemical methods. Seventeen of the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma (A549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) human cell lines. Antibacterial activity was also evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .
A hybrid star-ring architecture for fiber Bragg grating sensor system (2003)

In this letter, we present a hybrid star-ring architecture for a highly reliable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system and demonstrate its effectiveness. The main trunk of the proposed sensor network is star topology and the sensing branches comprise a series of concatenated ring subnets. The weakness in reliability of the star network is overcome by the ring subnets with a self-healing function based on the reconfigurable optical switches between each subnet. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor system, we adopt a linear-cavity FBG laser scheme to construct our proposed hybrid star-ring architecture. Such a fiber-laser scheme results in the SNR over 48 dB for the sensor network. The network survivability of a ten-point FBG sensor is experimentally examined. It is shown that the proposed FBG sensor system can increase the reliability of a sensing network.
Porous Silicon Nitride with Oriented Anisotropic Pores (2008)

Pores in silicon nitride are regarded responsible for poor mechanical performance. We demonstrate that a microstructure with anisotropic pores has good potential to realize synergistic performance, attaining concurrently pore-derived beneficial effects and improved mechanical properties. Porous silicon nitride with oriented anisotropic pores was fabricated by stacking tape casted sheets composed of β–Si3N4 whisker and sintering additives, followed by gas pressure sintering. After processing, a novel porous structure with tightly tangled rod-like grains and anisotropic pores was obtained. This material exhibited a high fracture stress, even though it contained 14.4 % porosity.
DC characteristics of MOVPE-grown N pn InGaP/InGaAsN DHBTs (2000)

The authors have demonstrated, for the first time, a functional Npn double heterojunction bipolar transistor using a novel material, InGaAsN, with a bandgap energy of 1.2 eV as the p-type base layer. A 300 Å thick InxGa1-xAs graded layer was introduced to reduce the conduction band offset at the p-type InGaAsN base and n-type GaAs collector junction. For an emitter size of 500 µm2, a peak current gain of 5.3 has been achieved.
Settling Volume, Water Holding Capacity and Fermentation Characteristics of Dried Beet Pulp and Extracted Carbohydrates in an Artificial Rumen (1993)

ビートパルプ(DBP)より炭水化物画分であるNDF, ADF,ペクチン(BP-NDF, BP-ADF, BP-P)を抽出し,物理的特性として膨潤性(SV値),保水能(WHC)と人工ルーメンにおける発酵特性について検討した.DBPのSV値およびWHCは一般に流通している飼料原料の中で最も高い値を示した.水および第1胃内容液によるSV値の経時的変化はDBPおよびBP-NDFでは微増するが,BP-ADFでは変化がみられなかった.これらBPから得た炭水化物画分のSV値は水より第1胃内容液においてやや高い値を示した.in vitroでの乾物消化率はBP-Pの消化率が最も高く,膨潤化した後(8時間目)急速に消化されたが,BP-NDFは6時間目まで,BP-ADFは12時間目までほとんど消化されなかった.人工ルーメンでのBP-Pの発酵特性はBP-NDF, BP-ADFに比べ,培養開始後大量に酢酸を産生した.8時間目以降は,酢酸に比べてプロピオン酸の生成量が徐々に増加した.このようなBP-Pの特性はレモンやリンゴから得られたペクチンと比べて大きな差はみられなかった.
Thermodynamics of liquid‐liquid equilibria including the critical region (1988)

Abstract To obtain good representation in the liquid‐liquid critical region, a semitheoretical correction is added to a conventional expression (e.g., van Laar or NRTL) for the excess Gibbs energy of a binary or ternary system along the coexistence curve. This correction is an exponential function of a suitable distance from the critical point; it is significant in the critical region but not elsewhere. In the correction function, the preexponential factor is determined from stability considerations. In the exponential argument, two parameters are determined from theoretical power laws. While the coordinates of the critical point must be known (or estimated), no phase‐equilibrium data in the critical region are required to determine parameters. The correction presented here provides an excellent approximation for phase equilibria along the coexistence curve close to and remote from critical conditions. Further, the correction facilitates simultaneous representation of isothermal vapor‐liquid and liquid‐liquid equilibria including the liquid‐liquid critical region.
Macromere cell fates during sea urchin development (1991)

This paper examines the cell lineage relationships and cell fates in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus leading to the various cell types derived from the definitive vegetal plate territory or the veg2 tier of cells. These cell types are gut, pigment cells, basal cells and coelomic pouches. They are cell types that constitute embryonic structures through cellular migration or rearrangement unlike the relatively non-motile ectoderm cell types. For this analysis, we use previous knowledge of lineage to assign macromeres to one of four types: VOM, the oral macromere; VAM, the aboral macromere, right and left VLM, the lateral macromeres. Each of the four macromeres contributes progeny to all of the cell types that descend from the definitive vegetal plate. Thus in the gut each macromere contributes to the esophagus, stomach and intestine, and the stripe of labeled cells descendant from a macromere reflects the re-arrangement of cells that occurs during archenteron elongation. Pigment cell contributions exhibit no consistent pattern among the four macromeres, and are haphazardly distributed throughout the ectoderm. Gut and pigment cell contributions are thus radially symmetrical. In contrast, the VOM blastomere contributes to both of the coelomic pouches while the other three macromeres contribute to only one or the other pouch. The total of the macromere contribution amounts to 60% of the cells constituting the coelomic pouches.
DQ Coils for Large Tolerance EV Chargers (2017)

In addition to the asymmetric coil structure in the previous chapter, another idea of increasing tolerance is to use DQ power supply coil sets for wireless stationary electric vehicle (EV) chargers. Two coil sets having a 90 phase difference can increase tolerances for longitudinal, lateral, as well as diagonal displacements. Each power supply coil set consists of two same magnetic poles to generate uniform magnetic flux density over the power supply coil. A prototype inductive power transfer system (IPTS) using the proposed DQ power supply coil sets for the wireless stationary EV chargers was fabricated for the experimental verifications with an operating frequency of 85 kHz to satisfy Standard J2954 of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). From simulation and experiment results, it is found that the lateral, longitudinal, and diagonal displacements of the proposed coil sets increase by about 35% and 19%, respectively, at an airgap of 150 mm, compared with conventional rectangular loop-type coils. This chapter is based on the paper by S,Y. Jeong et al., “DQ-quadrature coil sets with large tolerance for wireless stationary EV chargers,” in IEEE 2015 WoW, June 2015.
Development of an ImmunoFET for Analysis of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α in Artificial Saliva: Application for Heart Failure Monitoring (2021)

Assessing tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the human body has become an essential tool to recognize heart failure (HF). In this work, label-free, rapid, easy to use ImmunoFET based on an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) was developed for the detection of TNF-α protein. Monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibodies (anti-TNF-α mAb) were immobilized on an ISFET gate made of silicon nitride (Si3N4) after salinization with 11-(triethoxysilyl) undecanal (TESUD). The obtained ISFET functionalized with the mAbs (ImmunoFET) was used to detect TNF-α protein in both phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and artificial saliva (AS). The change in the threshold voltage of the gate (∆VT) showed approximately linear dependency on the concentration of the antigens in the range 5–20 pg/mL for both matrixes. The cross-selectivity study showed that the developed ImmunoFET demonstrated to be selective towards TNF-α, when compared to other HF biomarkers such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and cortisol, even if further experiments have to be carried out for decreasing possible unspecific absorption phenomena. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ImmunoFET that has been developed based on Si3N4 for TNF-α detection in AS by electrical measurement.
Filamin Redistribution in an Endothelial Cell Reoxygenation Injury Model (1997)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury increases vascular permeability in part by generating reactive oxygen species that disassemble the endothelial cell actin dense peripheral band. This is followed by an increase in the number and diameter of intercellular gaps. Millimolar concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites lead to nonspecific endothelial cell injury, but micromolar concentrations activate inflammatory second messenger cascades which produce distributional changes in endothelial cell cytoskeletal proteins. H2O2 (100 μM) causes translocation of filamin, from the membrane to the cytosol within 1 min. Subsequently, gap formation occurs within 10–25 min, which is attributed to rearrangement of the dense peripheral band of F-actin. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs after 90 min and decreases in mitochondrial activity occur after 1–2 h. Deferoxamine (iron chelator) and TEMPO (nonspecific free radical scavenger) inhibit these changes. H2O2 (100–1000 μM) does not increase endothelial cell intracellular Ca2+ through 30 min and pretreating cells with a Ca2+-calmodulin kinase inhibitor or an intracellular Ca2+ chelator does not prevent filamin translocation. Filamin redistribution and actin rearrangement are early events in H2O2-mediated endothelial cell injury that appear to occur through Ca2+-independent pathways. Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies for the Coupling of the Calicheamicine‐ Oligosaccharide with Aglycones. Synthesis of Dynemicine‐A‐ Calicheamicine Hybrid Compounds. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Marked accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in SPG5 patients with hereditary spastic paresis (2009)

Patients with a recessively inherited "pure" hereditary spastic paresis (SPG5) have mutations in the gene coding for the oxysterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7B1). One of the expected metabolic consequences of such mutations is accumulation of oxysterol substrates due to decreased enzyme activity. In accordance with this, we demonstrate here that four patients with the SPG5 disease have 6- to 9-fold increased plasma levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol. A much higher increase, 30- to 50-fold, was found in cerebrospinal fluid. The plasma levels of 25-hydroxycholesterol were increased about 100-fold. There were no measurable levels of this oxysterol in cerebrospinal fluid. The pattern of bile acids in serum was normal, suggesting a normal bile acid synthesis. The findings are discussed in relation to two transgenic mouse models with increased levels of 27-hydroxy cholesterol in the circulation but without neurological symptoms: the cyp27a1 transgenic mouse and the cyp7b1 knockout mouse. The absolute plasma levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the latter models are, however, only about 20% of those in the SPG5 patients. If the accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol is an important pathogenetic factor, a reduction of its levels may reduce or prevent the neurological symptoms. A possible strategy to achieve this is discussed.