gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Structural Changes, Manufacturing, Joining, and Repair of Intermetallic γ‐TiAl‐Based Alloys: Recent Progress Enabled by In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Techniques (2020)

Intermetallic γ‐TiAl‐based alloys are a promising class of materials for lightweight high‐temperature applications. Following intensive research and development activities, they have recently entered service in the automotive and aircraft engine industries. In the course of the past decades, the development of these complex multiphase alloys has benefited considerably from the application of (in situ) X‐ray scattering and diffraction techniques. Herein, a practical introduction and overview of recent progress in this field of research are provided. In particular, four case studies taken from various stages in the alloy development (i.e., fundamental research—manufacturing, joining, and repair—and application) illustrate current prospects at modern synchrotron radiation sources, including detailed information on available setups for in situ high‐energy X‐ray diffraction and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments and a discussion of potential limitations in the use of these techniques.
AKR1A1 is a novel mammalian S-nitroso-glutathione reductase (2019)

Oxidative modification of Cys residues by NO results in <i>S</i>-nitrosylation, a ubiquitous post-translational modification and a primary mediator of redox-based cellular signaling. Steady-state levels of <i>S</i>-nitrosylated proteins are largely determined by denitrosylase enzymes that couple NAD(P)H oxidation with reduction of <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols, including protein and low-molecular-weight (LMW) <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols (<i>S</i>-nitroso-GSH (GSNO) and <i>S</i>-nitroso-CoA (SNO-CoA)). SNO-CoA reductases require NADPH, whereas enzymatic reduction of GSNO can involve either NADH or NADPH. Notably, GSNO reductase (GSNOR, <i>Adh5</i>) accounts for most NADH-dependent GSNOR activity, whereas NADPH-dependent GSNOR activity is largely unaccounted for (CBR1 mediates a minor portion). Here, we <i>de novo</i> purified NADPH-coupled GSNOR activity from mammalian tissues and identified aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1), the archetypal mammalian SNO-CoA reductase, as a primary mediator of NADPH-coupled GSNOR activity in these tissues. Kinetic analyses suggested an AKR1A1 substrate preference of SNO-CoA > GSNO. AKR1A1 deletion from murine tissues dramatically lowered NADPH-dependent GSNOR activity. Conversely, GSNOR-deficient mice had increased AKR1A1 activity, revealing potential cross-talk among GSNO-dependent denitrosylases. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis of AKR1A1 identified Arg-312 as a key residue mediating the specific interaction with GSNO; in contrast, substitution of the SNO-CoA-binding residue Lys-127 minimally affected the GSNO-reducing activity of AKR1A1. Together, these findings indicate that AKR1A1 is a multi-LMW-SNO reductase that can distinguish between and metabolize the two major LMW-SNO signaling molecules GSNO and SNO-CoA, allowing for wide-ranging control of protein <i>S</i>-nitrosylation under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Structure Analyses of Ti-Based Self-Formed Barrier Layers (2011)

Self-formed Ti-based barrier layer using Cu(Ti) alloy seed applied to 45-nm-node dual-damascene interconnects was reported to have sufficient barrier strength to prevent Cu diffusion into dielectrics. The constituent Ti compounds in the self-formed Ti-based barrier layers and the barrier structures in Cu(Ti)/dielectric samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Two types of SiOC with low dielectric constants, SiO2, and SiCN were used as dielectrics. The Ti-based barrier layers consisted mainly of amorphous Ti oxides such as TiO2, Ti2O3, and TiO, regardless of the dielectric. In addition to Ti oxides, barrier layers containing TiC, TiSi, and TiN were observed, depending on the dielectric. TiC and TiSi were in crystalline state. They were formed beneath the Cu(Ti) alloy films, and had orientation relationship with the crystalline Cu(Ti) alloy films. The amorphous Ti oxides were formed above the amorphous dielectric layers. The amorphous Ti oxides are believed to be formed continuously above the dielectric layers and prevent Cu diffusion into the dielectric layers.
Differences in image-enhanced endoscopic findings between Helicobacter pylori-associated and autoimmune gastritis (2021)

Abstract Background and study aims The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences in image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) findings between Helicobacter-pylori-associated and autoimmune gastritis. Patients and methods Seven H. pylori-naïve, 21 patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and seven with autoimmune gastritis were enrolled. Mucosal atrophy in the corpus was evaluated using autofluorescence imaging and classified into small, medium and large. In a 2 × 2-cm area of the lesser curvature of the lower corpus, micromucosal pattern was evaluated by magnifying narrow band imaging and proportion of foveola (FV)- and groove (GR)-type mucosa was classified into FV &gt; 80 %, FV 50 % to 80 %, GR 50 % to 80 %, and GR &gt; 80 %, then a biopsy specimen was taken. Results Fifteen of 21 (71 %) H. pylori-associated gastritis patients exhibited medium-to-large atrophic mucosa at the corpus lesser curvature. All autoimmune gastritis patients had large atrophic mucosa throughout the corpus (P &lt; 0.001). All H. pylori-naïve patients had the FV &gt; 80 % micromucosal pattern. Nineteen of 21 (90 %) H. pylori-associated gastritis patients had varying proportions of GR- and FV-type mucosae and five of seven (71 %) autoimmune gastritis patients showed FV &gt; 80 % mucosa (P &lt; 0.001). Compared with patients who were H. pylori-naïve, patients with H. pylori-associated and autoimmune gastritis exhibited a higher grade of atrophy (P &lt; 0.001), but only patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis showed a higher grade of intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.022). Large mucosal atrophy with FV &gt; 80 % micromucosal pattern had sensitivity of 71 % (95 % CI: 29 %–96 %) and specificity of 100 % (95 % CI: 88 % to 100 %) for diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis. Conclusions IEE findings of the gastric corpus differed between H. pylori-associated and autoimmune gastritis, suggesting different pathogenesis of the two diseases.
Spatio-Temporal Concealment in H.264/AVC Video Coding by 3-D Selective Extrapolation (2006)

In this contribution, we derive a spatio-temporal extrapolation method for 3-D signals. Lost areas in video signals caused by transmission errors in video communications are concealed by extrapolating the surrounding video signal into the missing area. The method is integrated into the H.264/AVC coder as concealment feature. By exploiting spatial and temporal correlations at the same time, it is possible to inherently compensate motion. Deviations in luminance occurring from frame to frame can be compensated, too. Since the spatio-temporal selective extrapolation method does not rely on motion vectors, the algorithm can be also easily applied to Intra concealment by additionally exploiting temporal correlations. Further, the frequency selective extrapolation shows especially convincing results in connection with flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) causing a chequerboard like loss pattern in case of transmission errors
Supplementary Figure S8 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S8 shows that exome-wide sequencing supports ctDNA fraction estimates inferred with the 72-gene panel&lt;/p&gt;
Automatic Vehicle Model Recognition and Lateral Position Estimation Based on Magnetic Sensors (2020)

This paper presents a new approach for automatic vehicle model recognition and simultaneous estimation of lateral transit position, based on magnetic sensor technology. A set of magnetic sensors is deployed on the road surface and, upon transit of a target vehicle on the equipment, the system records six magnetic signatures relative to different vehicle sections. The recorded signatures are then compared with the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm to previously recorded ones, which are relative to known vehicles that have transited at known lateral position; the system then assesses whether the target vehicle's model matches one of the models already in the database, and estimates its lateral transit position. With the considered experimental set-up, the system is able to discriminate between many different vehicle models and six lateral positions, with a resolution of about 20 cm: the performance of the system is presented by comparing a set of different classifiers. In terms of vehicle model recognition, 1-Nearest Neighbor classifier obtains 0% of misclassification rate, while for lateral position estimation, if an error of one position is tolerated (precision of ± 20 cm), the system is shown to reach 2.4% of misclassification rate.
Adaptive Push-Pull of Dynamic Web Dat: Better Resiliency, Scalability and Coherency (2000)

An important issue in the dissemination of time-varying web data such as sports scores and stock prices is the maintenance of temporal coherency. In the case of servers adhering to the HTTP protocol, clients need to frequently pull the data based on the dynamics of the data and a user''s coherency requirements. In contrast, servers that possess push capability maintain state information pertaining to clients and push only those changes that are of interest to a user. These two canonical techniques have complementary properties with respect to the level of temporal coherency maintained, communication overheads, state space overheads, and loss of coherency due to (server) failures. In this paper, we show how to combine push- and pull-based techniques to achieve the best features of both approaches. Our combined technique tailors the dissemination of data from servers to clients based on (i) the capabilities and load at servers and proxies, and (ii) clients'' coherency requirements. Our experimental results demonstrate that such tailored data dissemination is essential to meet diverse temporal coherency requirements, to be resilient to failures, and for the efficient and scalable utilization of server and network resources.
Rivaroxaban (2007)

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is a novel, oral, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in late-stage development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Rivaroxaban inhibits clot-associated and free FXa activity, and prothrombinase activity, and reduces thrombin generation. In animal models, rivaroxaban prevented venous and arterial thrombosis, and was effective at treating venous thrombosis. Rivaroxaban has high oral bioavailability, a rapid onset of action and predictable pharmacokinetics. In phase II studies, rivaroxaban was effective and well tolerated for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major orthopaedic surgery, and for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. In a phase III study, rivaroxaban demonstrated significantly superior efficacy to enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty, with similar low bleeding. Rivaroxaban is also being assessed for the treatment and secondary prevention of VTE, prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and secondary prevention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rivaroxaban is a promising alternative to current pharmacological agents for thromboembolic disorders.
Hierarchical Synthesis of Particulate Thermal Interface Materials (2006)

A novel and computationally efficient analysis procedure is developed and applied to design particulate composites in general, and thermal interface materials in particular, in the present paper. The procedure is based on constructing complex behavioral fields through Boolean operations (compositions) on primitive fields. It is demonstrated that the Boolean operations and an associated meshless implementation efficiently model topological changes caused by the modification/rearrangement of the second phases in the heterogeneous material microstructure. The developed method was applied to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of the thermal interface material. The inclusions in the microstructure of the thermal interface material are modeled through inclusion dominated Boolean union operation. A unit cell strategy is coupled with the constructive analysis to simulate the microstructure and to evaluate the effective properties. Thirty three-dimensional simulations of random arrangements of the heterogeneous microstructure at a fixed 58% volume fraction were carried out. The microstructures were systematically characterized using void nearest surface exclusion probability functions. The results of the simulation range within 10% with the fifteen experimentally measured values of an identically constituted system. A Pareto-optimal design procedure for studying the trade-off between the thermal conductivity and the viscosity was developed. The optimal volume fraction of the filler against increasing importance of viscosity (as quantified by its weight in the objective function) was determined. The trade-off curves represent optimal design solutions for various acceptable viscosity values
Organ-specific responses of total body irradiated doxycycline-inducible manganese superoxide dismutase Tet/Tet mice. (2015)

MnSOD(tet/tet) mice should be valuable for elucidating the role of MnSOD in growth and irradiation response.
Investigating the Effect of Interstitial Fe Impurity Contamination on n-Type Cz-Silicon Material for High Efficiency Solar Cell Processing (2020)

In this work the impact of iron contamination on n-type cz-silicon material is investigated mimicking a silicon solar cell manufacturing process flow. The Fe impurities are deposited on the wafer surface and driven in by a high temperature step providing a bulk concentration range varying from 3.5e12/cm3 to 2.7e14/cm3. Effective minority carrier lifetimes are measured and fitted to the curve derived from SRH theory. Capture cross section for interstitial Fe could be extracted to be 6.45e-17 cm/s +/- 2.23e-17 cm/s which is in good consensus with literature values. The achieved values are used in QUOKKA to perform silicon solar cell simulations. For very low bulk Fe concentrations of 2.5e12/cm3 (surface concentration of 6e10/cm2) a degradation of the solar cell efficiency of 10% relative is calculated.
Immunosuppressant Analogs in Neuroprotection (2002)

Part I: Immunosuppressants, Neurologic Disorders, and Neuroprotection Introduction: Immunosuppressants as Neuroprotective Agents Marcus F. Keep, Hiroyuki Uchino, and Eskil Elmer Part II: Immunosuppressants and Parkinson's Disease Cyclosporin-Mediated Amelioration of Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons in Experimental Models of Parkinsonism Norio Ogawa and Ken-ichi Tanaka Immunophilin Ligands and Dopamine Neurons: Specific Effects in Culture and In Vivo Lauren C. Costantini and Ole Isacson Effects of Neuroimmunophilin Ligands on Parkinson's Disease and Cognition Joseph P. Steiner, Douglas T. Ross, Hansjorg Sauer, Theresa Morrow, and Gregory S. Hamilton Improved Survival of Grafted Dopamine Neurons by Calcineurin Inhibitors Roger F. Castilho, Oskar Hansson, and Patrik Brundin Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Action of Immunosuppressants Against Parkinson's Disease: The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Hypothesis L. V. P. Korlipara and A. H. V. Schapira Part III: Immunosuppressants and Other Age-Related Disorders Immunosuppressants and Alzheimer's Disease Mark P. Mattson Cyclosporin A Protects Striatal Neurons from Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Implications for Huntington's Disease Liza Leventhal and Jeffrey H. Kordower Part IV: Immunosuppressants, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury Cyclosporin A Protects Mitochondria in an In Vitro Model of Hypoxia/Reperfusion Injury Vladimir Gogvadze and Christoph Richter Protective Effect of Cyclosporin A on Glial Activation and White Matter Alterations Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Hideaki Wakita, Hidekazu Tomimoto, and Ichiro Akiguchi Blockade of Late-Onset Reduction of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Immunosuppressants in Forebrain Ischemia Ken-ichi Tanaka, M. Asanuma, and NorioOgawa The Role of Immunophilins in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Evidence of Neuroprotection by FK506 A. L. McGregor, P. A. Jones, J. F. McCarter, T. E. Allsopp, and J. Sharkey Immunosuppressants in Traumatic Brain Injury David O. Okonkwo and John T. Povlishock Part V: immunosuppressants and Spinal Cord Injury Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation by Cyclosporin After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Antonio Ibarra and Araceli Diaz-Ruiz Axonal Regeneration in Cyclosporin A-Treated Rats Submitted to Transverse Section of the Spinal Cord Guido Palladini and Brunella Caronti Part VI: Immunosuppressants and Sciatic Nerve Injury Neuroimmunophilin Ligands Accelerate and Promote Nerve Regeneration in the Rat Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord: Role of the Steroid Receptor-FKBP52 Complex Bruce G. Gold Neuroimmunophilin Ligands Stimulate Recovery of Injured Sciatic Nerves Joseph P. Steiner, Heather Valentine, Theresa Morrow, and Gregory Hamilton Part VII: Immunosuppressants and Other Disorders of the Central Nervous System Cyclosporin A Prolongs Survival of SOD1 Mutant Mice and Implicates Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in ALS Marcus F. Keep, Keith S. K. Fong, Katalin Csiszar, and Eskil Elmer Psychological Effects of Cyclosporine-A Shigeru Watanabe Index
Advances in Drug Discovery of New Antitubercular Multidrug-Resistant Compounds (2017)

Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the infectious disease responsible for the highest number of deaths worldwide. The increased number of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) strains, and the ineffectiveness of the current treatment against latent tuberculosis are challenges to be overcome in the coming years. The scenario of drug discovery becomes alarming when it is considered that the number of new drugs does not increase proportionally to the emergence of drug resistance. In this review, we will demonstrate the current advances in antitubercular drug discovery, focusing on the research of compounds with potent antituberculosis activity against MDR-TB strains. Herein, active compounds against MDR-TB with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) less than 11 µM and low toxicity published in the last 4 years in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will be presented and discussed.
Electron Mobility and Short-Channel Device Characteristics of SOI FinFETs With Uniaxially Strained (110) Channels (2009)

We have successfully fabricated uniaxially strained SOI (SSOI) FinFETs with high electron mobility and low parasitic resistance. The high electron mobility enhancement on the (110) fin sidewall surfaces was obtained by utilizing effective subband engineering through uniaxial tensile strain along lang110rang, while the substantial reduction of the parasitic resistance was achieved by selective Si epitaxy on the source and drain regions. It was experimentally found that the electron mobility on the (110) sidewall surfaces was significantly enhanced (2.6times) and even surpassed the (100) universal mobility (1.2times). This high mobility enhancement is mainly attributed to the electron repopulation from fourfold valleys having a heavier mass along lang110rang to twofold valleys having a lighter one. In addition, the effective mass reduction of the twofold valleys due to conduction band warping and/or the suppressed surface roughness scattering can also be responsible for the mobility enhancement. Thanks to these high electron mobility enhancement and low parasitic resistance large performance enhancement of 35% was realized in uniaxially SSOI FinFETs with a gate length of 50 nm. This enhancement was evaluated to be as high as ~80% (= 35%/45%) of the intrinsic strain-induced enhancement of the short-channel device performance (45%) at the same strain level (0.8%, ~1.5 GPa) and gate length.
Analysis of mycobacterial infection-induced changes to host lipid metabolism in a zebrafish infection model reveals a conserved role for LDLR in infection susceptibility (2018)

Abstract Changes to lipid metabolism are well-characterised consequences of human tuberculosis infection but their functional relevance are not clearly elucidated in these or other host-mycobacterial systems. The zebrafish- Mycobacterium marinum infection model is used extensively to model many aspects of human- M. tuberculosis pathogenesis but has not been widely used to study the role of infection-induced lipid metabolism. We find mammalian mycobacterial infection-induced alterations in host Low Density Lipoprotein metabolism are conserved in the zebrafish model of mycobacterial pathogenesis. Depletion of LDLR, a key lipid metabolism node, decreased M. marinum burden, and corrected infection-induced altered lipid metabolism resulting in decreased LDL and reduced the rate of macrophage transformation into foam cells. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for infection-induced alterations to host lipid metabolism, and specifically the LDL-LDLR axis, across host-mycobacterial species pairings. Funding This work was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1099912 and APP1053407 to S.H.O.); Meat and Livestock Australia (P.PSH. 0813 to A.C.P. and K. dS); the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (grant to S.H.O., A.C.P. and K. dS); the Kenyon Family Foundation Inflammation Award (grant to S.H.O.); the University of Sydney (fellowship to S.H.O.); Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia (grant IN607B 2016/12 to Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC)).
High-harmonic generation in periodically poled waveguides (2017)

Optical waveguides made from periodically poled materials provide high confinement of light and enable the generation of new wavelengths via quasi-phase-matching, making them a key platform for nonlinear optics and photonics. However, such devices are not typically employed for high-harmonic generation. Here, using 200-fs, 10-nJ-level pulses of 4100 nm light at 1 MHz, we generate high harmonics up to the 13th harmonic (315 nm) in a chirped, periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Total conversion efficiencies into the visible--ultraviolet region are as high as 10 percent. We find that the output spectrum depends on the waveguide poling period, indicating that quasi-phase-matching plays a significant role. In the future, such periodically poled waveguides may enable compact sources of ultrashort pulses at high repetition rates and provide new methods of probing the electronic structure of solid-state materials.
Lateral Control of Vehicles Using Non-Linear Sliding Surfaces (1997)

Abstract Lateral controllers for vehicles on automated highways are required to ensure small tracking errors even while providing a comfortable ride. In addition, they must be robust to changes in operating conditions and road-vehicle parameters. Sliding mode control has been successfully used to provide robust lateral control. However, such control usually has a high gain nature, often resulting in poor ride quality. The problems of tire and actuator saturation are also not addressed explicitly. This paper proposes the use of non-linear sliding surfaces for lateral control of road vehicles, to take advantage of the robustness of sliding mode control while avoiding the possible problems of ride discomfort and tire or actuator saturation. Simulation results are presented.