gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling the flow balance: In vitro characterization of a pulsatile total artificial heart in preload and afterload sensitivity (2021)

The objective of this study is to identify the preload and afterload sensitivity of the ReinHeart TAH 2.0. For adequate left-right flow balance, the concept of a reduced right stroke volume (by about 10%) and active adaption of the right diastole duration are evaluated concerning the controllability of the flow balance. This study used an active mock circulation loop to test a wide range of preload and afterload conditions. Preload sensitivity was tested at atrial pressures (APs) between 4 and 20 mm Hg. Left afterload was varied in a range of 60-140 mm Hg mean aortic pressure (MAP), right afterload was simulated between 15 and 40 mm Hg. Four scenarios were developed to verify that the flow difference fully covers the defined target range of 0-1.5 L/min. Although a positive correlation between inlet pressure and flow is identified for the right pump chamber, the left pump chamber already fills completely at an inlet pressure of 8-10 mm Hg. With increasing afterload, both the left and right flow decrease. A positive flow balance (left flow exceeds right flow) is achieved over the full range of tested afterloads. At high APs, the flow difference is limited to a maximum of 0.7 L/min. The controllability of flow balance was successfully evaluated in four scenarios, revealing that a positive flow difference can be achieved over the full range of MAPs. Under physiological test conditions, the linear relationship between flow and heart rate was confirmed, ensuring good controllability of the TAH.
Selective Electrocatalytic Activity of Ligand Stabilized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (2011)

Ligand stabilization can influence the surface chemistry of Cu oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and provide unique product distributions for electrocatalytic methanol (MeOH) oxidation and CO2 reduction reactions. Oleic acid (OA) stabilized Cu2O and CuO NPs promote the MeOH oxidation reaction with 88% and 99.97% selective HCOH formation, respectively. Alternatively, CO2 is the only reaction product detected for bulk Cu oxides and Cu oxide NPs with no ligands or weakly interacting ligands. We also demonstrate that OA stabilized Cu oxide NPs can reduce CO2 into CO with a ∼1.7-fold increase in CO/H2 production ratios compared to bulk Cu oxides. The OA stabilized Cu oxide NPs also show 7.6 and 9.1-fold increases in CO/H2 production ratios compared to weakly stabilized and nonstabilized Cu oxide NPs, respectively. Our data illustrates that the presence and type of surface ligand can substantially influence the catalytic product selectivity of Cu oxide NPs.
Front Matter: Volume 9932 (2016)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9932, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Specific in situ inflammatory states associate with progression to renal failure in lupus nephritis (2022)

BACKGROUNDIn human lupus nephritis (LN), tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) on biopsy predicts progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, only about half of patients with moderate-to-severe TII develop ESRD. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity in outcome reflects different underlying inflammatory states. Therefore, we interrogated renal biopsies from LN longitudinal and cross-sectional cohorts.METHODSData were acquired using conventional and highly multiplexed confocal microscopy. To accurately segment cells across whole biopsies, and to understand their spatial relationships, we developed computational pipelines by training and implementing several deep-learning models and other computer vision techniques.RESULTSHigh B cell densities were associated with protection from ESRD. In contrast, high densities of CD8+, γδ, and other CD4-CD8- T cells were associated with both acute renal failure and progression to ESRD. B cells were often organized into large periglomerular neighborhoods with Tfh cells, while CD4- T cells formed small neighborhoods in the tubulointerstitium, with frequency that predicted progression to ESRD.CONCLUSIONThese data reveal that specific in situ inflammatory states are associated with refractory and progressive renal disease.FUNDINGThis study was funded by the NIH Autoimmunity Centers of Excellence (AI082724), Department of Defense (LRI180083), Alliance for Lupus Research, and NIH awards (S10-OD025081, S10-RR021039, and P30-CA14599).
Magnetic Bead Sensing Platform for the Detection of Proteins (2007)

Over the past 5 years, the on-chip detection and manipulation of magnetic beads via magnetoelectronics has emerged as a promising new biosensor platform. Magnetic bead sensing (MBS) provides a highly sensitive and specific technique, enabling these sensors to meet the diagnostic needs that are currently not met by existing technologies. Although many studies have proven the high physical sensitivity of magnetic sensors, the establishment of dose-response curves using MBS is unexplored and their capability to sensitively detect low concentrations of target molecules for diagnostic applications has remained unproven. In this study, we have exploited an alternative MBS concept based on the repositioning of the magnetic beads toward the most sensitive location on the spin valve sensors to allow for highly sensitive immunosensing over a wide range of target concentrations. Furthermore, we present the optimization of the magnetoimmuno assay, i.e., the surface chemistry, the blocking procedure, and the type of magnetic particle, for the highly sensitive and specific detection of S100betabeta, a diagnostic marker for stroke and minor head injury. Finally, a dose-response curve was established that illustrates that our MBS platform can specifically detect S100betabeta down to 27 pg/mL, while maintaining a broad dynamic detection range of approximately 2 decades.
Abstract 17154: Machine Learning Outperforms ACC/AHA CVD Risk Calculator in MESA Offering new opportunities for Short-Term Risk Prediction and Early Detection of the Vulnerable Patient (2018)

Introduction: Machine learning (ML) is poised to revolutionize healthcare. Current national guidelines for prediction and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) use ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equation Risk Calculator which relies on traditional risk factors and linear statistical models. Unfortunately, this approach yields a low level of sensitivity and specificity. The low sensitivity results in missing high-risk individuals who need intensive therapy and the low specificity results in millions of people unnecessarily recommended drugs such as statin. We aimed to utilize Machine Learning (ML) to create a more accurate predictor of ASCVD events and whom to recommend statin. Methods: We developed and validated a ML Risk Calculator based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) using the latest 13-year follow up dataset from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) of 6,459 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. We provided identical input to the ACC/AHA and ML risk calculators and compared their accuracy. We also validated the ML model in another longitudinal cohort: the Flemish Study on Environment, Genes and Health Outcomes (FLEMENGHO). Results: According to the ACC/AHA Risk Calculator and a 7.5% 10-year risk threshold, 46.0% would be recommended statin. Despite this high proportion, 23.8% of the 480 “Hard CVD” events occurred in those not recommended statin, resulting in sensitivity (Sn) 0.76, specificity (Sp) 0.56, and AUC 0.71. In contrast, ML Risk Calculator recommended statin to 11.4%, and only 14.4% of “Hard CVD” events occurred in those not recommended statin, resulting in Sn 0.86, Sp 0.95, and AUC 0.92. Similar results were seen in prediction of “All CVD” events. Conclusions: The ML Risk Calculator outperformed the ACC/AHA Risk Calculator by recommending less drug therapy, yet missing fewer events. Additional studies are underway to validate the ML model in other cohorts and to explore its ability in predicting short-term (1-5 years) events with additional biomarkers including imaging. Machine learning is paving the way for early detection of asymptomatic high-risk individuals destined to a CVD event in the near future, the Vulnerable Patient.
Adaptive GOP size control in H.265/AVC encoding based on Scene Change Detection (2006)

An efficient method is proposed to dynamically adapt the group of pictures (GOP) size in H.264/AVC encoding, by on-the-fly identification of scene changes in the input video signal. Intra coding picture decision is taken at the end of the pre-analysis phase of a fast motion estimation method based on spatial-temporal motion correlation. With negligible additional computation and memory requirements, the proposed method allows improving the compression of the whole coding process by up to 15%, without affecting the overall image quality
Plasmid instability kinetics of the yeast S288C pUCKm8 [cir+] in non‐selective and selective media (1988)

Plasmid loss kinetics for Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with the 2-mum DNA-based-plasmid pUCKm8 were measured in nonselective and selective media. The plasmid pUCKm8 gives the organism two new phenotypes: resistance to the wide spectrum antibiotic G418 sulfate, and the ability to produce the enzyme, beta-lactamase. Plasmid stability was determined using the production of beta-lactamase as a marker. The effect of G418 on the growth rates of all organisms present in the culture and on plasmid stability was also determined. Mathematical models describing plasmid loss kinetics during exponential growth for both nonselective and selective conditions are used to simulate the experimental data. In nonselective medium, over 80% of the cells still exhibited the desired phenotype after 50 doublings. In medium containing G418, improvements in plasmid stability were only marginal due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant cells.
Growth of Human Bone Marrow in Liquid Culture (1973)

Abstract A system for the cultivation of normal and malignant human bone marrow cells in liquid medium is described. The apparatus used is an in vitro diffusion chamber in which cells grow in suspension and upon a dialysis membrane. Proliferation and maturation of normal granulocytes and macrophages were sustained in culture for several weeks in the absence of exogenous stimulating substances. Cell replication was documented by a rise in viable counts, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and labeled mitoses. The entire maturational sequence of the granulocyte and macrophage series was identified in culture, and the cells were characterized by light and electron microscopy, cytochemical properties, phagocytic ability, and the presence of surface receptors for IgG. Nucleated red cell precursors were observed in some cultures for up to 11 days. Malignant cells from patients with various hematologic neoplasms were also successfully cultured. With this system human myeloma cells were maintained in culture for up to 3 wk on primary explant, and continued to synthesize immunoglobulin. The in vitro diffusion chamber technique permits the cultivation of normal human bone marrow cells in liquid medium and provides a convenient means for studying normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cell differentiation and function in short-term culture.
MOLECULAR ORBITAL CALCULATIONS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1,4-BENZOTHIAZINO[2,3-b]ΡΗΕΝΟΤΉΙΑΖΙΝΕ AND ITS SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES (1999)

Article MOLECULAR ORBITAL CALCULATIONS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1,4-BENZOTHIAZINO[2,3-b]ΡΗΕΝΟΤΉΙΑΖΙΝΕ AND ITS SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES was published on April 1, 1999 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 5, issue 2).
Nanotechnology-Based RNA Vaccines: Fundamentals, Advantages and Challenges (2023)

Over the past decades, many drugs based on the use of nanotechnology and nucleic acids have been developed. However, until recently, most of them remained at the stage of pre-clinical development and testing and did not find their way to the clinic. In our opinion, the main reason for this situation lies in the enormous complexity of the development and industrial production of such formulations leading to their high cost. The development of nanotechnology-based drugs requires the participation of scientists from many and completely different specialties including Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicine, Engineering, Drug Delivery, Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology and so on. Nevertheless, emergence of coronavirus and new vaccines based on nanotechnology has shown the high efficiency of this approach. Effective development of vaccines based on the use of nucleic acids and nanomedicine requires an understanding of a wide range of principles including mechanisms of immune responses, nucleic acid functions, nanotechnology and vaccinations. In this regard, the purpose of the current review is to recall the basic principles of the work of the immune system, vaccination, nanotechnology and drug delivery in terms of the development and production of vaccines based on both nanotechnology and the use of nucleic acids.
ESR Study of NH3+ and SeO3- Radicals in the Mixed Crystals [(NH4)1-xRx]2SO4(R=Rb, Cs) (1980)

ESR spectra of NH 3 + and SeO 3 - radicals in γ-irradiated [(NH 4 ) 1- x R x ] 2 SO 4 crystals (R=Rb, Cs) resolving about 4 mol.% SeO 4 were analysed. The intensity of the spectral lines for NH 3 + (β) was nearly equal to that for NH 3 + (α) in all the mixed crystals [(MH 4 ) 1- x Rb x ] 2 SO 4 examined ( x =0.09∼0.75). This fact indicates that the preferential replacement of R + ion to the NH 4 + (β) ion which has been observed in [(NH 4 ) 1- x K x ] 2 SO 4 , was not occurred in [(NH 4 ) 1- x Rb x ] 2 SO 4 . For [(NH 4 ) 1- x Cs x ] 2 SO 4 with larger x , a trend that the NH 4 + (α) ion was rather easily replaced by Cs + ion, was observed. This result could be explained reasonably by considerig the mean distance from the nearest oxygens surrounding each NH 4 + ion. The analysis of SeO 3 - radical revealed that SO 4 - - ion might be deformed below T c impling that SO 4 - - ion is responsible for a part of spontaneous polarization in ammonium sulfate and the mixed crystals.
Diarrhea in Young Red Deer Associated with Infection with Cryptosporidium (1981)

In an outbreak of diarrhea among 82 artificially reared red deer calves, 56 developed the disease and 20 subsequently died. During the outbreak 80% of diarrheal and 50% of apparently healthy calves excreted cryptosporidial oocysts in feces. The coincidence of infection with Crytosporidium and clinical diarrhea suggested a causal relationship. Histologic examination of intestinal sections from a necropsied deer calf showed lesions consistent with field and experimental cryptosporidiosis in other species. The deer Cryptosporidium subclinically infected newborn mice; in indirect immunofluorescence tests, it could not be distinguished from a calf Cryptosporidium.
Measurement of misorientation of AlN layer grown on (111)Si for freestanding substrate (2009)

Abstract A novel technique for misorientation determination based on energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction is introduced. The energy dispersive diffractometer equips with a silicon drift detector as a energy dispersive detector and a micro focus air cooled X‐ray tube as a source. The diffractometer has advantages in speed of measurement and alignment of sample compared with conventional angular dispersive diffractometer. Dependence of misorientation of AlN layers on misorientation angle and direction of (111) Si starting substrates were investigated by this method. It is found that the AlN has (0001) orientation and the (0001) plane is tilted when the film thickness is thin. Moreover, it is shown that the tilt becomes smaller with increasing the film thickness. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed clear difference in surface morphology of obtained AlN layer depending on misorientation direction of Si substrate. The AlN film grown on (111) Si with 1 degree misorientation angle toward [ $ \bar 1 \bar 1 2 $ ] showed the best step and terrace structure compared with those grown on that having larger than 1 degree misorientation angle. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of the risks of anticoagulation therapy following experimental craniotomy in the rat (1985)

The risk of hemorrhagic complications with anticoagulation therapy in patients following intracranial surgery has prevented investigation of the potential use of heparin in the early postoperative period. The authors have evaluated the safety of anticoagulation therapy following experimental craniotomy in male Holtzman rats. The dose and schedule of heparin administration, which elevated and maintained the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) within the therapeutic range of 1 1/2 to 3 X control APTT, was alternating doses of 400 and 500 IU/kg injected subcutaneously every 6 hours. This schedule was initiated 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days after craniotomy and was continued for 72 hours thereafter. The results demonstrated that the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage declined as the postoperative interval prior to initiation of anticoagulation increased. If anticoagulation therapy was initiated during the first 7 postoperative days, the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage was high (mean 14.7%): however, if an additional 3 to 7 days elapsed prior to initiation of anticoagulation, the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage dropped significantly (mean 0%) (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that anticoagulation therapy can be safely initiated 10 to 14 days after craniotomy.
Antimicrobial resistance management in Pacific Island countries: Current status, challenges, and strategic solutions (2022)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently recognized as a major emerging threat to human and animal health. The burden of antimicrobial-resistant infections affects the economy in developed and developing countries. There is a rapid rise in AMR in human and veterinary medicine globally. AMR profiles are poorly documented in Fiji, and limited data are accessible. Fiji currently has no national veterinary antibiotic resistance surveillance network or regulations and guidelines on veterinary drug use. However, available literature shows that although human drugs are better managed than veterinary drugs, the knowledge is still constrained and dispersed. Furthermore, Fiji was chosen as a case study to develop a prototype AMR surveillance and control in the Pacific region. Pacific Island countries share similar geographic and climatic conditions. Currently, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research has funded an AMR project that addresses some gaps in managing AMR in the region. The project is the first to adopt the One Health approach to research the AMR in humans, animals, and the Pacific region's environment. Combating AMR needs human health and veterinary personnel to work with all other stakeholders. Continuous surveillance for resistant clinical isolates in humans and animals and the development of appropriate policy intervention measures in human and veterinary drug use are necessary to alleviate AMR burden. Therefore, there is a need to educate farmers, human patients, and the public on the fight against AMR. In addition, AMR data are necessary to develop effective AMR control strategies. This review gives a comprehensive information assessment on AMR in Fiji and the other South Pacific Islands in relation to global trends. Suggestions on the most appropriate ways of effectively managing AMR in Fiji have been made.
CO Disrupts the Reduced H-Cluster of FeFe Hydrogenase. A Combined DFT and Protein Film Voltammetry Study (2011)

Carbon monoxide is often described as a competitive inhibitor of FeFe hydrogenases, and it is used for probing H(2) binding to synthetic or in silico models of the active site H-cluster. Yet it does not always behave as a simple inhibitor. Using an original approach which combines accurate electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations, we elucidate the mechanism by which, under certain conditions, CO binding can cause permanent damage to the H-cluster. Like in the case of oxygen inhibition, the reaction with CO engages the entire H-cluster, rather than only the Fe(2) subsite.
O-Benzyl-(S)-Serine, a New Chiral Selector for Ligand-Exchange Chromatography of Amino Acids (2005)

O-Benzyl-(S)-serine is a new selector for chiral ligand-exchange chromatography which has proved to be effective in the analytical separation of some natural and unnatural underivatized amino acids with fair to good separation and resolution factors. Both chiral mobile phase (CMP) and hydrophobically coated chiral stationary phase (CSP) approaches were successfully employed. A not completely clarified mechanism of chiral recognition is discussed. Keywords: enantiomer separation, chiral mobile phase, chiral coated phase, hydrophobically coated phase
ECV CHANGE AND REDISTRIBUTION DURING HEMODIALYSIS (2003)

Water removal during hemodialysis is routinely monitored and controlled in modern dialysis systems, but little is known about the redistribution of water. In this study, SBIA was used to estimate changes in extracellular water (ECV) based on separate measurements of lower extremity, trunk, and upper extremity volumes at 10-minute intervals throughout dialysis. Twenty-two patients were studies over 31 dialysis sessions, with concurrent observation of hypotensive symptoms (Hypo+) in 8 dialyses. Intercompartmental transport was considered volume-driven (see figure) and each patient was assumed in equilibrium with his measured compartmental volumes at the start of dialysis, thus fixing the ratios ka/kta and k1/kt1. Then the model was used to obtain ka and k1 whose values ± measure the speed with which the extremity volumes adjust to changes in the trunk volume. Equations were solved numerically and fitted with a Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm.FigureLate hypotension could be attributed to excessive depletion of total ECV and earlier hypotension to water removal that exceeded the patient's capacity to rebalance his ECV compartments.TableHYPO+ patients have significantly lower initial ECV's in their extremities. All products of columns 1 and 3 (arm) and 2 and 4 (leg) are near the equilibrium value (1.0), but the Hypo- group has higher values, indicating more fluid flow from the extremities to the trunk.
Transesterification and Miscibility of Polycarbonate/Polylactic Acid Blends (2009)

The reactive melt blending of polycarbonate(PC) with polylactic acid(PLA)(80/20,mass ratio) in the presence of catalyst was performed in Haake for 15 min at 220 ℃.The effect of catalyst on melt blending of PC and PLA was investigated.According to the results of changes in equilibrium torque,intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight analysis,IR and 1H-NMR analysis of blends,the catalyst could catalyze efficiently the transesterification between PC and PLA.The results of SEM photographs show the PC-PLA copolymers produced in the blending,which acted as compatibilizers,could improve the compatibility of PC/PLA blends.
Teriparatide has no effect on the calcium‐mediated pharmacodynamics of digoxin (2003)

Teriparatide, 20 microg subcutaneously, does not alter the cardiac effect of digoxin.
Teaching model-based testing (2020)

Different testing methodologies should play an important role in the education of informatics. In the model-based testing (MBT) approach, the specification of the system is described with a formal model. This model can be used to revise the correctness of the specification and as a starting point for automatic test generation. The main problem with MBT is however, that there is a huge gap between theory and practice and that this approach has a high learning curve. To cope with these problems, current paper shows, how the MBT approach can be introduced to students through a small scale example.&#x0D; Subject Classification: P50