gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis ofN-Carbobenzoxy-N,N-acetals (1993)

Abstract A series of N-carbobenzoxy-N,N-acetals have been synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes or certain aliphatic aldehydes with benzyl carbamate and morpholine. The N,N-acetals can be converted into N-carbobenzoxy-N,S-acetals with benzyl thiol.
Real-time electricity pricing for demand response using online convex optimization (2014)

Real-time electricity pricing strategies for demand response in smart grids are proposed. By accounting for individual consumers' responsiveness to prices, adjustments are made so as to induce desirable usage behavior and reduce peaks in load curves. An online convex optimization framework is adopted, which provides performance guarantees with minimal assumptions on the dynamics of load levels and consumer responsiveness. Two feedback structures are considered: a full information setup, where aggregate load levels as well as individual price elasticity parameters are directly available; and a partial information (bandit) case, where only the load levels are revealed. Fairness and sparsity constraints are also incorporated. Numerical tests verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Flux Equations for Osmotically Moderated Sorption–Diffusion Transport in Rigid Microporous Membranes (2019)

The development of non-aqueous reverse osmosis separations via the use of rigid microporous membrane materials suggests that the flux equations originally developed for swellable polymeric membranes should be revisited. This paper demonstrates that the gradient of the fractional occupancy of penetrant molecules within the micropores of the membrane is the driving force for permeation without requiring assumptions about pressure within the membrane. Flux equations are derived using both Fickian and Maxwell–Stefan approaches, and different behavior in the permeate flux versus upstream hydraulic pressure relationship is shown to arise as a result of differences in the loading dependence of the single-component Maxwell–Stefan diffusivity. Molecular modeling results available in the literature and experimental data obtained from carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes showcase that these loading-dependent changes in the Maxwell–Stefan diffusivity are possible. This loading dependence is separated into three regimes: so-called “weak confinement” diffusion and “strong confinement” diffusion, both of which have been discussed at length in the literature, and a new “hybrid confinement” diffusion, which is introduced here. Furthermore, the separation mechanism of solvent molecules through a rigid bimodally microporous membrane is studied using xylene molecules passing through CMS membranes fabricated under different conditions as examples. Overall, this study provides fundamental insight and guidance into the osmotically moderated sorption–diffusion transport of solvent molecules through rigid microporous membranes.
Harnessing evolutionary fitness in Plasmodium falciparum for drug discovery and suppressing resistance (2013)

Significance Drug resistance is a major problem in treating malaria infections. Resistance pathways are limited by evolutionary fitness constraints, and these pathways can be anticipated and preemptively blocked. We identified compounds selective for mutant malaria parasites that are resistant to either clinically used (chloroquine) or in-development dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor therapies. In both cases, resistance selections of mutant parasites with the matching mutant-selective drug led to a reversion to the wild-type phenotype. Additionally, combination selection of wild-type parasites with paired wild-type and mutant-type DHODH inhibitors failed to produce resistant parasites. These findings indicate that pairing inhibitors that target the bulk wild-type population and the small, emerging resistant population can suppress the rise and spread of drug resistance.
Phasevarions: an Emerging Paradigm in Epigenetic Gene Regulation in Host-Adapted Mucosal Pathogens (2016)

This chapter discusses the molecular mechanisms of phase variation and the possible roles of phase variable restriction-modification (R-M) systems in bacterial pathogens and reveals how a number of phase-variable type III R-M systems have evolved to have a new and distinct function in gene regulation that results in generation of a diverse bacterial population. Phase variation via simple tandem repeats is by far the most common mechanism of phase variation. Phase variation mediated by DNA methylation is different from the mechanisms. While these mechanisms result from changes in the genome, DNA methylation is epigenetic, meaning that while the phenotype differs the DNA sequence remains unaltered. The fundamental characteristic of the DNA methylation-dependent phase-variable systems is that the methylation state of the target site affects the DNA binding of a regulatory protein, which directly regulates transcription. Importantly, a distinct mod is associated with a hypervirulent clonal lineage of meningococci, and its phasevarion includes genes suggested to be virulence factors. The presence of multiple phase-variable mod alleles suggests the possibility of distinct phasevarions existing within each strain, each regulating a different set of genes. The chapter proposes that the phase-variable methylation has arisen due to the selective advantage conferred by the phase-varion enabling random switching of an organism between two distinct cell types. In organisms with multiple phasevarions switching independently, multiple differentiated cell types can be generated.
Improved thermal fatigue reliability for flip chip assemblies using redistribution techniques (2000)

The bond pad design on a chip can be reconfigured to a new pad design using a redistribution layer, based on multichip module-deposited (MCM-D) technology. The new pad configuration can be used for flip chip mounting. The thermo-mechanical reliability of these redistributed flip chip structures is in particular determined by the visco-plastic deformations of the solder joints and by the stresses in the photosensitive BCB redistribution layers. In this paper, the influence of this redistribution layer on the solder joint reliability is investigated. Also the induced stresses in this redistribution layer may not exceed the ultimate stress level. Three different redistribution processes are considered. Finite element simulations and Coffin-Manson based reliability models are used to compare the thermal cycling reliability of redistributed and standard flip chip assemblies. The existence of a photosensitive BCB redistribution layer on the chip influences the thermal fatigue of solder joints. The largest reliability improvement using redistributed chips is achieved by moving the solder joints from the perimeter to the interior of the die resulting in an area array flip chip.
Organic Thin-Film Transistors: Part II—Parameter Extraction (2009)

A parameter extraction methodology and a verification of a generic analytical model and a thin-film transistor (TFT) compact dc model for the current-voltage characteristics of organic TFTs are presented. The verification shows that the proposed models meet the requirements for compact modeling and for computer circuit simulators. The models are fully symmetrical, and the TFT compact dc model is validated in all regimes of operation-linear and saturation above threshold, subthreshold, and reverse biasing. Suitable characterization techniques for parameter extraction of mobility, threshold voltage, and contact resistance are provided. Approaches are elaborated for the essential practical feature of upgradability and reducibility of the TFT compact dc model, allowing for easier implementation and modification, as well as separation of characterization techniques.
Experimental Results in Acoustic Communications Under Shore-Fast Greenland Ice (2019)

A small experimental network of ocean sensors linked by acoustic communications was tested in March-April of 2017 in shore-fast ice near Thule Air Base in northern Greenland. The objective was to simultaneously test a real-time communications system for linking together under-ice sensors, and also to gather synoptic oceanographic and acoustic data to be used for improving under-ice propagation modeling. The acoustics portion of the experiment included tests at ranges from 3 to 35 km at a carrier frequency of 3.5 kHz at data rates from approximately 120-1200 bits per second. Initial results from the Micro-Modem real-time hardware used in the Thule test showed reliable links at 20-25 km at most data rates, and moderate connectivity from 25-35 km, depending on the specific path and data rate. The communications performance is governed by several factors including: the relative depth of source and receiver, the location within the fiords and proximity to glacial fronts with varying sound-speed profiles, pinniped (seal) vocalizations, pier-side machinery noise and occasional random impulsive noise events attributed to iceberg movement. The results show good link stability despite a spatially-variant sound speed field resulting from mixing of glacial and ocean waters.
Abstract 14400: Incidence of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Atrial Flutter Following Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia Ablation (2018)

Introduction: The incidence of atrial flutter (AFL) following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of certain supraventricular tahycardias (SVTs) is poorly understood. Ablation of atrioventricular nodal r...
Biomechanical variables associated with cleated footwear slipping (2023)

"Biomechanical variables associated with cleated footwear slipping." Footwear Science, 15(sup1), pp. S55–S56Keywords: Tractionslippingturfcleatperformance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Using Database Technology to Improve Performance of Web Proxy Servers. (2001)

In this paper, we propose to use database technology to improve performance of web proxy servers. We view the cache at a proxy server as a web warehouse with data organized in a hierarchical model, similar to data organization in database systems. The hierarchical model consists of physical pages, logical pages and topics, corresponding to different abstraction level. Based on this model, we then develop searching and topic navigation facilities for easily finding relevant contents in cache. By defining priorities on each abstraction level, the cache manager can make replacement decisions hierarchically based on the topics, logical pages and physical pages. As a result, the cache can always keep the most relevant, popular and high quality contents. We verify the proposed approach by developing a content-aware caching scheme, namely LRU-SP+. We evaluate our scheme in terms of hit ratio (HR) and profit ratio (PR) which differentiate topics of different pages. The results show that LRU-SP+ generally performs 30% better than a content-blind scheme.
Modeling to Understand Plant Protein Structure-Function Relationships—Implications for Seed Storage Proteins (2020)

Proteins are among the most important molecules on Earth. Their structure and aggregation behavior are key to their functionality in living organisms and in protein-rich products. Innovations, such as increased computer size and power, together with novel simulation tools have improved our understanding of protein structure-function relationships. This review focuses on various proteins present in plants and modeling tools that can be applied to better understand protein structures and their relationship to functionality, with particular emphasis on plant storage proteins. Modeling of plant proteins is increasing, but less than 9% of deposits in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank come from plant proteins. Although, similar tools are applied as in other proteins, modeling of plant proteins is lagging behind and innovative methods are rarely used. Molecular dynamics and molecular docking are commonly used to evaluate differences in forms or mutants, and the impact on functionality. Modeling tools have also been used to describe the photosynthetic machinery and its electron transfer reactions. Storage proteins, especially in large and intrinsically disordered prolamins and glutelins, have been significantly less well-described using modeling. These proteins aggregate during processing and form large polymers that correlate with functionality. The resulting structure-function relationships are important for processed storage proteins, so modeling and simulation studies, using up-to-date models, algorithms, and computer tools are essential for obtaining a better understanding of these relationships.
Search for excited electrons and muons in $\sqrt {s}=8$ TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector (2013)

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el primero, los autores que firman como Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el grupo de colaboración en el caso de que aparezca en el artículo
Porous gelatin matrix for tissue engineering: micro-structure mimicry of collagen based extra cellular matrix (2002)

The three dimensional porous matrix of biocompatible polymers is widely used in tissue engineering. In the search for a suitable material we are suggesting 'gelatin' due to the fact that it has many of the biological functions intact as its natural form 'collagen'. We have made porous gelatin matrix which is morphologically similar to the extra cellular matrix. Other components of extra cellular matrix can be incorporated to achieve tissue specific microenvironment. Fabrication steps involve conventional techniques. Morphological studies are made by scanning electron microscopy and preliminary cell culture studies show encouraging results.
Transcriptomic Changes Due to Cytoplasmic TDP-43 Expression Reveal Dysregulation of Histone Transcripts and Nuclear Chromatin (2015)

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is normally a nuclear RNA-binding protein that exhibits a range of functions including regulation of alternative splicing, RNA trafficking, and RNA stability. However, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP), TDP-43 is abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved, and is mislocalized to the cytoplasm where it forms distinctive aggregates. We previously developed a mouse model expressing human TDP-43 with a mutation in its nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS-hTDP-43) so that the protein preferentially localizes to the cytoplasm. These mice did not exhibit a significant number of cytoplasmic aggregates, but did display dramatic changes in gene expression as measured by microarray, suggesting that cytoplasmic TDP-43 may be associated with a toxic gain-of-function. Here, we analyze new RNA-sequencing data from the ΔNLS-hTDP-43 mouse model, together with published RNA-sequencing data obtained previously from TDP-43 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) knockdown mice to investigate further the dysregulation of gene expression in the ΔNLS model. This analysis reveals that the transcriptomic effects of the overexpression of the ΔNLS-hTDP-43 transgene are likely due to a gain of cytoplasmic function. Moreover, cytoplasmic TDP-43 expression alters transcripts that regulate chromatin assembly, the nucleolus, lysosomal function, and histone 3' untranslated region (UTR) processing. These transcriptomic alterations correlate with observed histologic abnormalities in heterochromatin structure and nuclear size in transgenic mouse and human brains.
Dynamic and semantic web services composition for ubiquitous computing (2012)

The development of complex applications is one of the major current challenges of Ubiquitous Computing. Such applications are difficult to develop because they use services provided by different context-provision middleware, thus being necessary to know the models used for communication and representation of context information for each one. This paper presents the semantic composition and Web service selection mechanisms provided by OpenCOPI, a platform designed to integrate context-provision middleware. In OpenCOPI: (i) the applications are described in a high-level of abstraction by using semantic workflows; (ii) the semantic composition is responsible for composing concrete services from abstract descriptions of the applications, and; (iii) the selection is based on service quality metadata and user preferences. This paper also presents an evaluation of the semantic composition and the Web service selection mechanisms considering a ubiquitous application.
Three-Port Series-Resonant DC/DC Converter for Automotive Charging Applications (2021)

In the energy distribution grid of electric vehicles (EVs), multiple different voltage potentials need to be interconnected, to allow arbitrary power flow between the various energy sources and the different electrical loads. However, between the different potentials, galvanic isolation is absolutely necessary, either due to safety reasons and/or due to different grounding schemes. This paper presents an isolated three-port DC/DC converter topology, which, in combination with an upstream PFC rectifier, can be used as combined EV charger for interconnecting the single-phase AC mains, the high-voltage (HV) battery and the low-voltage (LV) bus in EVs. The proposed topology comprises two synergetically controlled and magnetically coupled converter parts, namely, a series-resonant converter between the PFC-sided DC-link capacitor and the HV battery, as well as a phase-shifted full-bridge circuit equivalent in the LV port, and is mainly characterized by simplicity in terms of control and circuit complexity. For this converter, a simple soft switching modulation scheme is proposed and comprehensively analyzed, in consideration of all parasitic components of a real converter implementation. Based on this analysis, the design of a 3.6 kW, 500 V/500 V/15 V prototype is discussed, striving for the highest possible power density and as low as possible manufacturing costs, by using PCB-integrated windings for all magnetic components. The hardware demonstrator achieves a measured full-load efficiency in charge mode of 96.5% for nominal operating conditions and a power density of 16.4 kWL−1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ring B‐Rearranged Taxane Analogues. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
β -Ga 2 O 3 growth by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2010)

The authors demonstrate the heteroepitaxial and homoepitaxial growth of single crystalline β-Ga2O3 by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Phase-pure (2¯01) and (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire and (100) β-Ga2O3 substrates, respectively. Based on the homoepitaxial results, detailed information is reported on the dependence between the β-Ga2O3 film quality and various growth parameters. At an optimized growth temperature of 700 °C, a growth relationship between growth rates and increasing gallium fluxes was established at a fixed oxygen pressure. A three-dimensional columnar growth with a relatively high growth rate was measured at a low gallium flux while a terrace surface morphology with a reduced growth rate was observed as the gallium flux increased. The gallium flux played an important role on both surface morphology and growth rate. We associated the decreasing growth rate with increasing gallium flux with the formation of gallium suboxides monitored by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The formation and desorption of volatile gallium suboxides limited the resulting growth rate of β-Ga2O3 growth.
MXene Reinforced Thermosetting Composite for Lightning Strike Protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (2021)

Abstract Ti 3 C 2 – a member of the MXenes (2D transition metal carbides and nitrides) family, is investigated as an effective filler to improve the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of divinylbenzene (DVB) thermosetting resin. Consequently, its performance as a lightning strike protection (LSP) coating for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is evaluated. Polyaniline (PANI) – dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) complex is used to cure the DVB resin. The synergic effect of MXenes (with surface that is negatively charged) with polyaniline (positive charge) shows electrostatic bonding and improved electrical conductivity in the composite. The addition of MXenes at 2 wt% into the PANI‐DVB composite shows ≈139%, 10%, and 9% improvement in electrical conductivity, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, respectively, compared to the neat PANI‐DVB composite. The composites are investigated using various material characterization techniques including Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, MXenes‐DVB is utilized to create a conductive thermosetting coating on top of a CFRP substrate and tested against a lightning strike of 100 kA. CFRP with MXenes‐DVB coating reduced the surface damage from 40.61 cm 2 (reference CFRP panel) to 13.29 cm 2 (CFRP coated with MXenes‐DVB).
RA-specific expression profiles and new candidate genes (2003)

Heterogeneity and multifactoriality complicate diagnostics and our understanding of pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The only accepted serologic parameter (rheumatoid factor [RF]) is not disease specific, nor are any of several novel RA autoantibodies. We aimed at identifying profiles instead of individual autoreactivities allowing for unambiguous prediction of RA. Selected RA autoantigens were tested by ELISA (RF and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP]) or Western blot (heavy-chain-binding protein [BiP], heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle A2 [RA33/ hnRNP A2], calpastatin and calreticulin). Antibody reactivities were assayed from serum samples of 149 RA patients and 132 patients with other rheumatic diseases and from synovial fluids (SF) (58 RA, 65 non-RA). No single autoreactivity was sufficient for unambiguous prediction of RA. Frequencies of multiparameter profiles consisting of 3, 4, 5 and 6 autoreactivites were determined. Fifteen six-parameter serum profiles were exclusively expressed in RA patients, representing a cumulative sensitivity of 59%. Twelve SF profiles were exclusively expressed in 64% of RA patients. The self-learning classification algorithm CLASSIF1 was capable of accurately predicting RA when these profiles were present. Data profile analysis of RF/CCP/BiP/calpastatin/calreticulin/RA33 provided specific discrimination of 64% of RA. Most importantly, RA specific profiles were observed in 64% of patients with early disease (<12 months). For the first time, the accurate prediction of the class RA has been achieved by the use of multiparametric autoreactivity profiles. Because of early expression in disease, these profiles make it possible to start a disease-modifying therapy long before irreversible bone and joint destruction may develop. Additional RA-specific profiles are required to cover the entire group of RA patients.
Fiber-optical high-resolution esophagus manometry based on drawing-tower fiber Bragg gratings (2010)

One application of Fiber Bragg grating-based fiber sensors is their implementation as a distributed pressure sensing catheter for time-space display of swallow waves in the human esophagus. Our plan is to essentially improve the measurement procedure with a feasibility model comprising 30 fiber-optic pressure sensors in a single fiber, spaced less than 10 mm from each other. A well-designed soft plastic coating mantle, which is affected by local pressure, will be used to convert pressure variations into strain variations of the optical fiber core.