gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallic Radial Head Arthroplasty Improves Valgus Stability of the Elbow (1999)

The stabilizing influence of radial head arthroplasty was studied in eight medial collateral ligament deficient anatomic specimen elbows. An elbow testing apparatus, which used computer controlled pneumatic actuators to apply tendon loading, was used to simulate active elbow flexion. The motion pathways of the elbow were measured using an electromagnetic tracking device, with the forearm in supination and pronation. As a measure of stability, the maximum varus to valgus laxity over the range of elbow flexion was determined from the difference between varus and valgus gravity loaded motion pathways. After transection of the medial collateral ligament, the radial head was excised and replaced with either a silicone or one of three metallic radial head prostheses. Medial collateral ligament transection caused a significant increase in the maximum varus to valgus laxity to 18.0 degrees +/- 3.2 degrees. After radial head excision, this laxity increased to 35.6 degrees +/- 10.3 degrees. The silicone implant conferred no increase in elbow stability, with a maximum varus to valgus laxity of 32.5 degrees +/- 15.5 degrees. All three metallic implants improved the valgus stability of the medial collateral ligament deficient elbow, providing stability similar to the intact radial head. The use of silicone arthroplasty to replace the radial head in the medial collateral ligament deficient elbow must be questioned. Metallic radial head arthroplasty provides improved valgus stability, approaching that of an intact radial head.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Analytic Validation of RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: AR-E1 and AR-CE3 RISH assays are specific. (A) AR-E1 is undetectable in AR-negative, untransfected M12 cells. Transfection with AR-FL construct is detectable by AR_E1, but not by AR_CE3 RISH as expected in M12 cells. (B) Untransfected HeLa cells have low to undetectable levels of AR-E1. Transfection with AR-E1-containing construct leads to highly detectable AR_E1 by RISH. (C) RISH with probes detected human AR_E1 sequence is negative in murine prostate. As a positive control for RNA quality, RISH for c-myc is positive in these transgenic mice which express the c-myc transgene.&lt;/p&gt;
PEGylated Artificial Antibodies: Plasmonic Biosensors with Improved Selectivity (2016)

Molecular imprinting, which involves the formation of artificial recognition elements or cavities with complementary shape and chemical functionality to the target species, is a powerful method to overcome a number of limitations associated with natural antibodies. An important but often overlooked consideration in the design of artificial biorecognition elements based on molecular imprinting is the nonspecific binding of interfering species to noncavity regions of the imprinted polymer. Here, we demonstrate a universal method, namely, PEGylation of the noncavity regions of the imprinted polymer, to minimize the nonspecific binding and significantly enhance the selectivity of the molecular imprinted polymer for the target biomolecules. The nonspecific binding, as quantified by the localized surface plasmon resonance shift of imprinted plasmonic nanorattles upon exposure to common interfering proteins, was found to be more than 10 times lower compared to the non-PEGylated counterparts. The method demonstrated here can be broadly applied to a wide variety of functional monomers employed for molecular imprinting. The significantly higher selectivity of PEGylated molecular imprints takes biosensors based on these artificial biorecognition elements closer to real-world applications.
Mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) with highly scalable pitch (2014)

Mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) with highly scalable pitch (from 150 to 50 µm) and large vertical gap (65 µm) are reported for the first time in this paper. The wafer-level batch fabrication of the reported MFIs is enabled by photolithography on a highly non-uniform surface (65 µm high sacrificial domes) covered with a spray-coated photoresist. Based on finite element method simulations and experimental data, the mechanical compliance and resistance of the fabricated MFIs are reported.
Free breathing black-blood systolic imaging using heart rate prediction and motion compensated reconstruction (2009)

International audience
Water and beyond: Expanding the spectrum of large‐scale energy efficient separation processes (2012)

The authors acknowledge support for the work under DOE-BES DE-FG02-04ER15510, and Award no. KUS-I1-011-21 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for financial support.
Enhancement of Efficiency of Pd/Al2O3Catalysts in Selective Hydrogenation of Sec-Butylbenzene by Modification with H2SO4 or H2WO4 (2021)

Hydrogenation of bulky aromatic hydrocarbons is an important problem to be solved in order to improve the quality of fuels. Pd-containing catalysts modified by strong acids have been prepared and studied by diffuse-reflectance IR spectroscopy, and the catalytic activity of the materials has been determined. In studying the selective liquid-phase hydrogenation of sec-butylbenzene as a model substrate, it was shown that modification of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with acid additives (H2SO4 or H2WO4) results in a significant increase in the hydrogenation activity and selectivity. IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO and d3-acetonitrile revealed that larger palladium metal particles are formed on the Pd-H2SO4(H2WO4)/Al2O3 catalysts, with ionic states of palladium being present even in the samples reduced in H2.
Comments on “Architectural Evolution of Integrated M-Phase High-Q Bandpass Filters” (2020)

The frequency-domain analysis method by Mirzaei <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> (2012) offers a systematic way to analyze the RF input impedance of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -phase bandpass high-Q filters. The article also provides the mathematical expressions of the RF input impedance for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -phase filters in both single-ended and differential realizations. However, the expression for the differential RF input impedance is off by a factor of two compared to simulations. In this article, we derive the corrected expression.
On the specific polarizability of sands and sand-clay mixtures (2015)

ABSTRACT The concept of specific polarizability cp, being the ratio between imaginary conductivity and specific surface area, can be used to represent the polarization of the mineral-fluid interface per unit pore-volume-normalized surface area Spor and to account for the control of the fluid chemistry and/or mineralogy on induced polarization (IP) measurements. We used a database of IP measurements on sands and sand-clay mixtures to investigate the variation in cp as a function of clay content and/or mineralogy. We found an apparent variation in cp between sands and sand-clay mixtures when Spor was calculated using the nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller — BET) method, with clays having an apparently higher cp than sands. However, this variation was considerably reduced when Spor was calculated using a wet-state methylene blue (MB) method that also sensed the surface area associated with internal layers of clay minerals inaccessible with the dry-state BET method. Furthermore, the imaginary conductivity was significantly better correlated with Spor determined from the MB method relative to Spor determined from the BET method. We found no evidence for a strong difference in the specific polarizability of quartz and clay minerals. This finding contradicted predictions from recent mechanistic formulations of the IP response of the Stern layer. Our findings have significant implications for improving and simplifying the interpretation of IP measurements in near-surface materials.
Interfacial and microstructural properties of SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si(001) substrates (2002)

The microstructure and interfaces of SrTiO3 thin films directly deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on silicon (001) substrates were investigated by means of Bragg-diffraction contrast and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The observation of the plan-view specimens showed that the SrTiO3 films are polycrystalline with randomly oriented grains. An amorphous layer was observed at the interfaces between the films and the substrates. The growth kinetics of this amorphous layer was investigated in detail. The thickness showed a rapid initial increase, which is much faster than the corresponding growth of amorphous SiO2 in the absence of precursors, and apparently approaches saturation after a short time. The thickness of the interfacial layer increases with the oxygen partial pressure during deposition and a reduction to a value acceptable for gate-oxide applications has been achieved for the minimum pressure given by the oxygen content of the present precursors. However, this comes at the cost of a dramatic increase of the carbon content of the film.
Image recognition operation on a dynamically reconfigurable vison architecture (2013)

Recently, for use in autonomous vehicles and robots, demand has been increasing for high-speed image recognition that is superior to that of the human eye. However, to recognize numerous images quickly, such systems require many template images to be read out dynamically from memory. They must then be sent to a processor quickly. Achieving such high-speed real-time image recognition operation is difficult because of the bottleneck of the transfer between the memory and the processor. To alleviate that bottleneck, a dynamically reconfigurable vision architecture was proposed. This paper presents 16-gray scale image recognition operation of the proposed architecture.
Physics of bipolar, unipolar and intermediate conduction modes in Silicon Carbide MOSFET body diodes (2016)

This paper details the device physics of Silicon Carbide MOSFETs in third quadrant operation. It is observed that the gate bias has a large effect on controlling the injection efficiency at the anode of the body diode. The change in threshold voltage due to body-effect and the voltage drop across the anode junction play a key role in controlling the balance between electron and hole currents at the anode end, which gives the device the capability to operate in unipolar, bipolar or intermediate conduction modes depending on current density and operating temperature.
Dipole formation at direct-contact HfO2∕Si interface (2007)

Direct-contact HfO2∕Si interfaces, which have virtually no interfacial SiO2 layer, exhibit characteristic interface-charge distribution. The authors report that direct-contact interfaces demonstrate a negative flatband-voltage shift that is reduced by the insertion of a ∼0.5-nm-thick Si-oxide layer. The authors propose that the observed flatband-voltage shift is mainly caused by an electrostatic dipole (∼0.5V) formed at the HfO2∕Si interface rather than fixed charges. The effects of the dipole on leakage current are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Crossing the Borders Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis: Developing Recoverable and Reusable Catalytic Systems (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CXCR7-dependent angiogenic mononuclear cell trafficking regulates tumor progression in multiple myeloma (2014)

The CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) axis is essential for cell trafficking and has been shown to regulate tumor progression and metastasis in many tumors including multiple myeloma (MM). A second chemokine receptor for SDF-1, CXCR7 was discovered recently and found on activated endothelial cells. We examined the role of CXCR7 in angiogenic mononuclear cells (AMCs) trafficking in MM. Our data demonstrate that AMCs are circulating in patients with MM and in vivo studies show that they specifically home to areas of MM tumor growth. CXCR7 expression is important for regulating trafficking and homing of AMCs into areas of MM tumor growth and neoangiogenesis. We demonstrate that the CXCR7 inhibitor, POL6926, abrogated trafficking of AMCs to areas of MM tumor progression leading to a significant inhibition of tumor progression. These effects were through regulation of endothelial cells and not through a direct tumor effect, indicating that targeting a bone marrow microenvironmental cell can lead to a delay in MM tumor progression. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that CXCR7 may play an important role in the regulation of tumor progression in MM through an indirect effect on the recruitment of AMCs to areas of MM tumor growth in the bone marrow niche.
ChemInform Abstract: Negishi Coupling of Secondary Alkylzinc Halides with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A 3D-Integration method to compensate output voltage degradation of boost converter for compact Solid-State-Drives (2012)

This paper demonstrates the program-voltage (20 V) booster operations with stacked Si-chips for 3D-integrated Solid-State-Drives. The magnetic field radiated by the switching current of the boost converter induces the eddy current in the conductor. The eddy current graduates the boost converter performance due to the lowered inductance of the coil. The effects on the performance of the boost converter as a function of the distance from the coil to conductor are investigated. The 3D-SSD requires the >; 0.84 mm space between the coil and the conductor to generate the program-voltage of 20 V. By inserting NAND flash memory chips between the coil and the conductor, the 3D-SSD can be successfully realized without the output voltage degradation.
Importance of overall treatment time for the response to radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (2001)

In the nineties, several national protocols by the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study group DAHANCA and other randomized trials, which have included several thousand patients, were performed on squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, now the most common malignant disease worldwide. It is a locoregional disease and distant metastases are rarely seen at diagnosis. Radiotherapy and surgery are thus the treatment of choice, with radiotherapy being the treatment modality if organ conservation is required. Since the late eighties there has been a strong focus on the importance of overall treatment time for the outcome of curative radiotherapy for these carcinomas. Based on the results of the Danish protocols it was concluded that the schedule of radiotherapy should be given with the shortest possible overall treatment time. In fact, as a consequence of the loco-regional control rate, the disease-specific and overall survival have shown a significant dependency on the overall treatment time: when this is short, the most beneficial results are achieved. Furthermore, treatment with 6 fractions per week is now the standard radiotherapy in Denmark in most head and neck carcinomas, associated with hypoxic modification using nimorazole. The response to accelerated fractionation is however heterogeneous and until proper predictive factors can be identified and further clarified which are the patients who truly benefit from accelerated fractionation, the radiotherapy schedules should secure a sufficient dose to all patients.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Approach to Polysubstituted Chiral Dihydrofurans on Carbohydrate Templates. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adaptation and Recommendation in Modern Web 2.0 Portals (2011)

In this paper, we propose a generic recommender framework that allows transparently integrating different recommender engines into a Portal. The framework comes with a number of preinstalled recommender engines and can be extended by adding further such components. Recommendations are computed by each engine and then transparently merged. This ensures that neither the Portal vendor, nor the Portal operator, nor the user is burdened with choosing an appropriate engine and still high quality recommendations can be made. Furthermore we present means to automatically adapt the Portal system to better suit users needs.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
RAND Review: Vol. 34, No. 1, Spring 2010 (2010)

Features discuss energy strategies for Israel, the economic recession, and Iran's leadership; other items discuss the KC-10 fleet, air pollution and hospital costs, no-fault insurance, silica litigation, poverty reduction, and political polarization.
An old-fashioned recipe for real time (1994)

Traditional methods for specifying and reasoning about concurrent systems work for real-time systems. Using TLA (the temporal logic of actions), we illustrate how they work with the examples of a queue and of a mutual-exclusion protocol. In general, two problems must be addressed: avoiding the real-time programming version of Zeno's paradox, and coping with circularities when composing real-time assumption/guarantee specifications. Their solutions rest on properties of machine closure and realizability.
Unipolar Pectoral Defibrillation Systems (1997)

Over the past 15 years, the implantation of automatic defibrillations has evolved from an obscure, impractical, and often morbid procedure to nearly a routine therapy. Initial large abdominally implanted generators with multiple epicardial leads have given way to much smaller, pectorally implanted systems utilizing only a single lead. These systems are better accepted by physicians and patients and rival recent-generation pacemakers in their implantation simplicity. Outcomes with single lead defibrillator implantation have been excellent. They are 99% effective at eliminating sudden death in large cohorts of patients, with overall survival of 94.4% at 18 months. Previously significant perioperative complications and mortality associated with epicardial systems have been virtually eliminated. Transvenous single lead systems now provide defibrillation efficacy at a level that makes epicardial leads unnecessary in most patients. Although inappropriate shocks are not a morbid complication, they still occur in approximately 15%-30% of patients. This is an area for improvement in defibrillator therapy, which, though invisible in total mortality statistics, is significant in terms of patient comfort and acceptance. Incremental improvements in pulse generator design and defibrillator lead technology are being made. Perhaps the most interesting new development will be the dual chamber device, incorporating and atrial electrode for sensing, pacing, and perhaps, atrial defibrillation. Such improvements will continue to make device therapy of all arrhythmias more versatile and improve patient comfort both in terms of device size and inappropriate shocks. It is unlikely, however, that further technological advances can further diminish the already small complication rate or improve the already excellent efficacy of current single lead systems. Defibrillator technology has already reached a maturity where technological improvements are less significant than efforts to better define the patient population who will benefit from the therapy.
Optimal tradeoffs for location-based routing in large-scale ad hoc networks (2005)

Existing location-based routing protocols are not versatile enough for a large-scale ad hoc environment to simultaneously meet all of the requirements of scalability, bandwidth efficiency, energy efficiency, and quality-of-service routing. To remedy this deficiency, we propose an optimal tradeoff approach that: 1) constructs a hybrid routing protocol by combining well-known location-update schemes (i.e., proactive location updates within nodes' local regions and a distributed location service), and 2) derives its optimal configuration, in terms of location-update thresholds (both distance and time-based), to minimize the overall routing overhead. We also build a route-discovery scheme based on an Internet-like architecture, i.e., first querying the location of a destination, then applying a series of local-region routing until finding a complete route by aggregating the thus-found partial routes. To find the optimal thresholds for the hybrid protocol, we derive the costs associated with both location updates and route discovery as a function of location-update thresholds, assuming a random mobility model and a general distribution for route request arrivals. The problem of minimizing the total cost is then cast into a distributed optimization problem. We first prove that the total cost is a convex function of the thresholds, and then derive the optimal thresholds. Finally, we show, via simulation, that our analysis results indeed capture the real behavior.
Thermal Instability Of 2-Phenylprop-2-ylphenyldithioacetate And Macro-Derivatives In RAFT Polymerisations (2005)

RAFT polymerisations of methacrylate monomers at 90°C using 2-phenylprop-2-yl phenyldithioacetate (PPPDTA) as the RAFT agent fail to go to complete monomer conversion. For both methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate polymerisations, monomer conversions tended to cease at around 60% after two hours of polymerisation. Kinetic analysis indicated that first-order behaviour was followed in the early stages of polymerisation but deviation occurred in the latter stages. By varying reaction conditions it was ascertained that this effect was not dependent on the structure of the solvent or the monomer:RAFT agent molar ratio. Loss of activity was shown to be incremental with temperature above 60°C for butyl methacrylate polymerisations. 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis of model macro-RAFT agents heated at 90°C in solution suggested that degradation of the active RAFT agent at the terminus of the polymer chain occurred which led to the loss of the propagating radical.