gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superoxide dismutase content and fatty acid composition in subsets of human spermatozoa from normozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, and polyzoospermic semen samples (2003)

Human ejaculated sperm comprised discrete subsets of spermatozoa, with different degrees of maturation. These subpopulations can be isolated through density gradient centrifugation. Sperm from the lowest density layer show the highest content of docosahexaenoic acid and sterols, and produce the highest levels of reactive oxygen species. The main objective of this study was to determine the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and fatty acid composition of subsets of spermatozoa isolated from normozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, and polyzoospermic semen samples. Four sperm fractions (1-4) were obtained using ISolate gradient centrifugation. Morphology, motion parameters, SOD content, and fatty acid composition were assessed in the original samples and their fractions. Overall, sperm from normozoospermic samples had higher SOD content than those of asthenozoospermic or polyzoospermic samples. Once fractionated in subsets, the sperm SOD content decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) from fraction 1 (top) to 4 (bottom) in all three groups of samples. Fatty acid content as well as the oxidation coefficient followed the same pattern, decreasing from fraction 1 to 4 (F1-F4). Normo- and polyzoospermic samples showed similar amounts of fatty acids, while asthenozoospermic samples mostly revealed increased levels. Normozoospermic samples displayed the lowest unsaturated fatty acid (UFA)/SOD ratio. Spermatozoa from astheno- and polyzoospermic samples, two common seminal pathologies, showed higher UFA and lower SOD content than normal sperm, therefore exhibiting a higher susceptibility to peroxidative damage. F4 from all groups, containing the most mature spermatozoa, displayed the lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid and SOD content of all subsets, suggesting that excessive SOD activity as well as abundant peroxidative targets may both be deleterious to sperm function.
Control of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity in the [Ti(OTs)2(TADDOLato)]‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 3‐acryloyloxazolidin‐2‐one and nitrones (1997)

Abstract Catalytic control of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 3‐acryl‐oyloxazolidin‐2‐one ( 4 ) with different nitrones 2 by the application of a [TiX 2 (TADDOLato)] complex as the catalyst was developed (TADDOL = α,α,α′,α′‐tetraaryl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol). In the absence of a catalyst, the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 4 with 2 proceeded to give a mixture of regioisomers, whereas, in the presence of a catalyst, the regioselectivity of the reaction could be controlled. Three asymmetric [TiX 2 (TADDOLato)] catalysts were tested, and it was found that use of the [Ti(OTs) 2 (TADDOLato)] complex gave complete regioselectivity, high ‘ endo ’‐selectivities (&gt; 90% d.e.), and enantioselectivities corresponding to 48–70% e.e.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Heat Transfer due to Rectangular Impinging Jets (2005)

Due to their efficient heat and mass transfer potential, impinging jets have received attention in various applications. Heat transfer and flow characteristics of rectangular turbulent impinging jets issued from a 24:1 aspect ratio and 24:1 contraction ratio nozzle were investigated experimentally and numerically. In the heat transfer measurements; a thin stainless-steel foil was utilized to obtain iso-flux boundary conditions on the impingement surface. The target plate was free to translate in the lateral direction and the heat transfer distributions were determined at 0 ≤ x/W ≤ 20 with the micro-thermocouples placed underneath the foil. The measurements were conducted for Re(j) = 8900 − 48600 at nozzle-to-target spacing of 0.5 ≤ H/W ≤ 12.0. Both semi and fully confined jets were investigated. Heat transfer coefficients at Re(j) = 28100, 36800, 45600 and H/W = 4.0 were determined by using adiabatic-wall temperatures and the distributions were compared with those of the wall shear stress. Off-center peaks were observed at high Re(j) and low H/W. Since the wall distributions are susceptible to nozzle-exit conditions, velocity and turbulence profiles at the nozzle-exit were measured for the velocity range of interest. Additionally, near-wall mean velocity and turbulence profiles were determined at Re(j) = 21500 and 36800 at H/W = 4.0 to have a better understanding of the secondary peaks in the wall distributions. Numerical computations were performed by using several different turbulence models (k − ω, k − ε, V 2F and Reynolds stress models). In wall-bounded turbulent flows, near-wall modeling is crucial. Therefore, the turbulence models eliminating wall functions such as the k − ω and V 2F models may be superior for modeling impingement flows. The numerical results showed reasonable agreement with the experimental data for local heat transfer and skin friction coefficient distributions. The occurrence of the secondary peaks was predicted by the k − ω and V 2F models, and for a few cases with the low-Re-k − ε models. Near-wall measurements along with the computed profiles were used to describe the “secondary peak” phenomena. It was shown that the increase in turbulence production in the wall-streamwise direction enhances turbulent momentum and heat transport in the wall-normal direction which lead to secondary peaks in the wall distributions. The possibility of improving surface heat transfer with fully-developed jets was also explored numerically as a case study.
Partitioning GPUs for Improved Scalability (2016)

To port applications to GPUs, developers need to express computational tasks as highly parallel executions with tens of thousands of threads to fill the GPU's compute resources. However, while this will fill the GPU's resources, it does not necessarily deliver the best efficiency, as the task may scale poorly when run with sufficient parallelism to fill the GPU. In this work we investigate how we can improve throughput by co-scheduling poorly-scaling tasks on sub-partitions of the GPU to increase utilization efficiency. We first investigate the scalability of typical HPC tasks on GPUs, and then use this insight to improve throughput by extending the StarPU framework to co-schedule tasks on the GPU. We demonstrate that co-scheduling poorly-scaling GPU tasks accelerates the execution of the critical tasks of a Cholesky Factorization and improves the overall performance of the application by 9% across a wide range of block sizes.
High-Fidelity Generative Image Compression (2024)

We extensively study how to combine Generative Adversarial Networks and learned compression to obtain a state-of-the-art generative lossy compression system. In particular, we investigate normalization layers, generator and discriminator architectures, training strategies, as well as perceptual losses. In contrast to previous work, i) we obtain visually pleasing reconstructions that are perceptually similar to the input, ii) we operate in a broad range of bitrates, and iii) our approach can be applied to high-resolution images. We bridge the gap between rate-distortion-perception theory and practice by evaluating our approach both quantitatively with various perceptual metrics, and with a user study. The study shows that our method is preferred to previous approaches even if they use more than 2x the bitrate.
Neutral pressure and gas flow instrumentation for TFTR (1985)

The design and operation of instrumentation included in the gas injection system of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) for torus pressure and gas flow measurements are described. Magnetically shielded ion gauges, located on the torus boundary, are used for fast (1 kHz) torus pressure measurements over the range 10−7–10−3 Torr. Gas injection assemblies comprising an array of piezoelectric gas injection valves are situated at three toroidal locations. The gas injection valves are programmed for various discharge conditions including feedback control from the torus pressure gauges and plasma density measurement. Gas flow through the injection valves is monitored by strain-gauge-type pressure transducers on each injection valve. The resulting gas flow measurements are used for gas fueling, particle balance, and recycling studies.
They call it surfing for a reason (2008)

In this case study we describe the details of a PC Internet deprivation study used to gather information on mobile Internet needs. Eight participants in our study used a mobile device as their only means of Internet access for four days. The case study describes details of the research methodology as well as design insights and implications that resulted from the study.
Anti-Imaging Time-Mode Filter Design Using a PLL Structure With Transfer Function DFT (2011)

This paper presents a pole-zero placement approach for designing arbitrary-order time-mode filters for anti-imaging (reconstruction) applications. One application is for phase-domain sigma-delta modulation involving digital-to-time converters. The time-mode filters are constructed from an th-order type-II PLL single-loop feedback structure involving an active loop filter of order . The tradeoffs in terms of PLL order, noise bandwidth, settling- and lock-time, and the impact of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) phase noise on the performance of the time-mode filter are investigated. A sixth-order PLL is designed and fabricated on a printed circuit board and is used to validate the proposed synthesis method. In addition, an all-digital phase stimulus generation method well suited to a digital scan-based design-for-test (DFT) approach for testing the frequency response behavior of time-mode filters and other PLL-based designs is proposed.
Biomechanical testing of a concept of posterior pelvic reconstruction in rotationally and vertically unstable fractures (2011)

The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of a developmental pelvic reconstruction system which extends the concept of triangular osteosynthesis with fixation anterior to the lumbosacral pivot point. An unstable Tile type-C fracture, associated with a sacral transforaminal fracture, was created in synthetic pelves. The new concept was compared with three other constructs, including bilateral iliosacral screws, a tension band plate and a combined plate with screws. The pubic symphysis was plated in all cases. The pelvic ring was loaded to simulate single-stance posture in a cyclical manner until failure, defined as a displacement of 2 mm or 2°. The screws were the weakest construct, failing with a load of 50 N after 400 cycles, with maximal translation in the craniocaudal axis of 12 mm. A tension band plate resisted greater load but failure occurred at 100 N, with maximal rotational displacement around the mediolateral axis of 2.3°. The combination of a plate and screws led to an improvement in stability at the 100 N load level, but rotational failure still occurred around the mediolateral axis. The pelvic reconstruction system was the most stable construct, with a maximal displacement of 2.1° of rotation around the mediolateral axis at a load of 500 N.
Self-supervised Representation Learning with Relative Predictive Coding (2021)

This paper introduces Relative Predictive Coding (RPC), a new contrastive representation learning objective that maintains a good balance among training stability, minibatch size sensitivity, and downstream task performance. The key to the success of RPC is two-fold. First, RPC introduces the relative parameters to regularize the objective for boundedness and low variance. Second, RPC contains no logarithm and exponential score functions, which are the main cause of training instability in prior contrastive objectives. We empirically verify the effectiveness of RPC on benchmark vision and speech self-supervised learning tasks. Lastly, we relate RPC with mutual information (MI) estimation, showing RPC can be used to estimate MI with low variance.
Compound Exocytosis and Cumulative Fusion in Eosinophils (2003)

Focal release of cytotoxic proteins by eosinophils onto the target surface plays an important role in parasite killing. Degranulation was stimulated by intracellular application of calcium and guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate via the recording patch pipette or via streptolysin-O permeabilization. Exocytotic fusion was monitored by capacitance measurements, whereas release of fluorescent weak bases, which accumulate selectively within eosinophil granules, was followed by fluorescence imaging. Several distinct types of granule fusion events were directly observed by simultaneous capacitance and fluorescence measurements. These are fusion of a single granule with the plasma membrane, intracellular granule-granule fusion, fusion of large compounds of pre-fused granules with the plasma membrane (compound exocytosis), and sequential fusion of granules to granules previously fused to the plasma membrane. Extensive granule-granule fusion was also observed by electron microscopy of permeabilized cells. All these fusion mechanisms contribute to focal release. The coexistence of distinct modes of exocytosis suggests that their regulation may modulate effector functions of eosinophils during helminth infection and allergic response.
Oxidatively degradable poly(thioketal urethane)/ceramic composite bone cements with bone-like strength (2016)

Synthetic bone cements are commonly used in orthopaedic procedures to aid in bone regeneration following trauma or disease. Polymeric cements like PMMA provide the mechanical strength necessary for orthopaedic applications, but they are not resorbable and do not integrate with host bone. Ceramic cements have a chemical composition similar to that of bone, but their brittle mechanical properties limit their use in weight-bearing applications. In this study, we designed oxidatively degradable, polymeric bone cements with mechanical properties suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. We synthesized a novel thioketal (TK) diol, which was crosslinked with a lysine triisocyanate (LTI) prepolymer to create hydrolytically stable poly(thioketal urethane)s (PTKUR) that degrade in the oxidative environment associated with bone defects. PTKUR films were hydrolytically stable for up to 6 months, but degraded rapidly (<1 week) under simulated oxidative conditions <i>in vitro.</i> When combined with ceramic micro- or nanoparticles, PTKUR cements exhibited working times comparable to calcium phosphate cements and strengths exceeding those of trabecular bone. PTKUR/ceramic composite cements supported appositional bone growth and integrated with host bone near the bone-cement interface at 6 and 12 weeks post-implantation in rabbit femoral condyle plug defects. Histological evidence of osteoclast-mediated resorption of the cements was observed at 6 and 12 weeks. These findings demonstrate that a PTKUR bone cement with bone-like strength can be selectively resorbed by cells involved in bone remodeling, and thus represent an important initial step toward the development of resorbable bone cements for weight-bearing applications.
21703 Effect of CMP variation on effective dielectric constant of interconnect structures (2007)

The effect of processing variation in CMP on effective dielectric constant (k_<eff>) of interconnect was estimated by calculation. The target structure was a hybrid type for 45nm technology node. The wiring capacitance (C) and k_<eff> were calculated by electrostatic field analysis using the finite element method. In addition, the effect on wiring resistance (R) and RC value were evaluated. The ratio of change in each electric parameter in case of polishing variations at ±5nm and ±10nm were compared with the case of the designed structure. The results indicated that the k_<eff> was relatively insensitive to the variations in CMP, while R was most sensitive. However, when the dielectric constant of the hard mask was set as high as the value of the current hard mask, the effect on k_<eff> was drastically increased. These results suggest that the processing accuracy of CMP will be even more important in the future.
Model-based approaches to handling additive noise in reverberant environments (2011)

Model-based approaches to handle additive and convolutional noise have been extensively investigated and used. However, the application of these schemes to handling reverberant noise has received less attention. This paper examines the extension of two standard additive/convolutional noise approaches to handling reverberant noise. The first is an extension of vector Taylor series (VTS) compensation, reverberant VTS, where a mismatch function including reverberant noise is used. The second scheme modifies constrained MLLR to allow a wide-span of frames to be taken into account and “projected” into the required dimensionality. To allow additive noise to be handled, both these schemes are combined with standard VTS. The approaches are evaluated and compared on two tasks, MC-WSJ-AV, and a reverberant simulated version of AURORA-4.
T cells targeting NY-ESO-1 demonstrate efficacy against disseminated neuroblastoma (2015)

The cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 is expressed by many solid tumors and has limited expression by mature somatic tissues, making it a highly attractive target for tumor immunotherapy. Targeting NY-ESO-1 using engineered T cells has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of some adult tumors. Neuroblastoma is a significant cause of cancer mortality in children, and is a tumor type shown to be responsive to immunotherapies. We evaluated a large panel of primarily resected neuroblastoma samples and demonstrated that 23% express NY-ESO-1. After confirming antigen-specific activity of T cells genetically engineered to express an NY-ESO-1 directed high-affinity transgenic T cell receptor <i>in vitro</i>, we performed xenograft mouse studies assessing the efficacy of NY-ESO-1-targeted T cells in both localized and disseminated models of neuroblastoma. Disease responses were monitored by tumor volume measurement and <i>in vivo</i> bioluminescence. After delivery of NY-ESO-1 transgenic TCR T cells, we observed significant delay of tumor progression in mice bearing localized and disseminated neuroblastoma, as well as enhanced animal survival. These data demonstrate that NY-ESO-1 is an antigen target in neuroblastoma and that targeted T cells represent a potential therapeutic option for patients with neuroblastoma.
3D Printed Nickel–Molybdenum-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution at Low Overpotentials in a Flow-Through Configuration (2021)

Three-dimensional (3D) printed, hierarchically porous nickel molybdenum (NiMo) electrocatalysts were synthesized and evaluated in a flow-through configuration for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1.0 M KOH(aq) in a simple electrochemical H-cell. 3D NiMo electrodes possess hierarchically porous structures because of the resol-based aerogel precursor, which generates superporous carbon aerogel as a catalyst support. Relative to a traditional planar electrode configuration, the flow-through configuration allowed efficient removal of the hydrogen bubbles from the catalyst surface, especially at high operating current densities, and significantly decreased the overpotentials required for HER. An analytical model that accounted for the electrokinetics of HER as well as the mass transport with or without the flow-through configuration was developed to quantitatively evaluate voltage losses associated with kinetic overpotentials and ohmic resistance due to bubble formation in the porous electrodes. The chemical composition, electrochemical surface area (ECSA), and roughness factor (RF) were also systematically studied to assess the electrocatalytic performance of the 3D printed, hierarchically porous NiMo electrodes. An ECSA of 25163 cm<sup>2</sup> was obtained with the highly porous structures, and an average overpotential of 45 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> was achieved over 24 h by using the flow-through configuration. The flow-through configuration evaluated in the simple H-cell achieved high electrochemical accessible surface areas for electrochemical reactions and provided useful information for adaption of the porous electrodes in flow cells.
TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AT AN INACTIVE PYRITIC MINERAL MINE USING CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AND A WATERWHEEL QUICKLIME FEEDER (2004)

TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AT AN INACTIVE PYRITIC MINERAL MINE USING CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AND A WATERWHEEL QUICKLIME FEEDERA project was undertaken to reconstruct and improve a failed wetlands treatment system (WTS) for acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned pyritic mineral mine. The original WTS consisted of eight successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) wetland cells in series, a technology specifically developed for treatment of AMD. The AMD at this site has dissolved iron and acidity concentrations that...Author(s)Charles B. BottLeslie J. PlazioJason C. RushingJohn H. KoonTimothy J. MetcalfSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 12: Remediation System OperationsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2004ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20040101)2004:6L.666;1-DOI10.2175/193864704784105751Volume / Issue2004 / 6Content sourceIndustrial Wastes (IW) ConferenceFirst / last page(s)666 - 681Copyright2004Word count237
Divalent Metal Binding Properties of the Methionyl Aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli (2000)

The metal-binding properties of the methionyl aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli (MetAP) were investigated. Measurements of catalytic activity as a function of added Co(II) and Fe(II) revealed that maximal enzymatic activity is observed after the addition of only 1 equiv of divalent metal ion. Based on these studies, metal binding constants for the first metal binding event were found to be 0.3 +/- 0.2 microM and 0.2 +/- 0.2 microM for Co(II)- and Fe(II)-substituted MetAP, respectively. Binding of excess metal ions (>50 equiv) resulted in the loss of approximately 50% of the catalytic activity. Electronic absorption spectral titration of a 1 mM sample of MetAP with Co(II) provided a binding constant of 2.5 +/- 0.5 mM for the second metal binding site. Furthermore, the electronic absorption spectra of Co(II)-loaded MetAP indicated that both metal ions reside in a pentacoordinate geometry. Consistent with the absorption data, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of [CoCo(MetAP)] also indicated that the Co(II) geometries are not highly constrained, suggesting that each Co(II) ion in MetAP resides in a pentacoordinate geometry. EPR studies on [CoCo(MetAP)] also revealed that at pH 7.5 there is no significant spin-coupling between the two Co(II) ions, though a small proportion ( approximately 5%) of the sample exhibited detectable spin-spin interactions at pH values > 9.6. EPR studies on [Fe(III)_(MetAP)] and [Fe(III)Fe(III)(MetAP)] also suggested no spin-coupling between the two metal ions. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of [Co(II)_(MetAP)] in both H(2)O and D(2)O buffer indicated that the first metal binding site contains the only active-site histidine residue, His171. Mechanistic implications of the observed binding properties of divalent metal ions to the MetAP from E. coli are discussed.
Assessment of Clinical Outcome of Lumbar Transforaminal Foraminoplasty in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. (2021)

TFFP using the Foramoon® device (Mcarekorea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea) appeared to be effective for managing patients with LFS and LCS, who were refractory to conservative care.