gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Removal of Caliceal and Other “Inaccessible” Stones: Instruments and Techniques (1984)

Percutaneous removal of renal stones is becoming an established procedure, especially for stones lying free in the renal pelvis. However, some renal stones, particularly caliceal stones, are less accessible and require special techniques for removal. We discuss these techniques, which include 1) retrograde pyelography to facilitate a thorough understanding of caliceal anatomy and stone position in 3 dimensions, 2) approaches for accurate placement of a nephrostomy tract for straight-line access to the stone(s), 3) judicious use of percutaneous punctures above the 12th rib and secondary percutaneous tracts, and 4) skilled choice and use of a large variety of cutting, extracting and disintegrating instruments with endoscopic and/or fluoroscopic control. The flexible nephroscope is valuable especially to reach inaccessible areas, although its skilled use requires experience. Flexible endoscopy often is aided by pressure irrigation, an assistant and simultaneous fluoroscopic control.
Translationsl regulation of expression of the bacteriophage T4 lysozyme gene (1986)

The bacteriophage T4 lysozyme gene is transcribed at early and late times after infection of E. coli, but the early mRNA is not translated. DNA sequence analysis and mapping of the 5' ends of the lysozyme transcripts produced at different times after T4 infection show that the early mRNA is initiated some distance upstream from the gene. The early mRNA is not translated because of a stable secondary structure which blocks the translational initiation site. The stable RNA structure has been demonstrated by nuclease protection in vivo. After DNA replication begins, two late promoters are activated; the late transcripts are initiated at sites such that the secondary structure can not form, and translation of the late messages occurs.
Venting (2016)

No AccessInjection Mold Design EngineeringApr 2016VentingDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905715.008SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2016Pages: 227-242Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-570-8eISBN: 978-1-56990-571-5 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
An Architecture for IPv6 over Timeslotted Channel Hopping (2013)

This document presents an architecture for an IPv6 multilink subnet
that is composed of a high speed powered backbone and a number of
IEEE802.15.4e TSCH wireless networks attached and synchronized by
Backbone Routers. Route Computation may be achieved in a centralized
fashion by a Path Computation Element, in a distributed fashion using
the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, or in a mixed
mode. The Backbone Routers perform proxy Neighbor discovery operations
over the backbone on behalf of the wireless device, so they can share
a same subnet and appear to be connected to the same backbone as
classical devices.
Fundamental Properties of Fluidic Oscillators for Flow Control Applications (2019)

The presented work provides a technical summary of the fundamental time-resolved properties of a spatially oscillating jet emitted by a fluidic oscillator. The discussion focuses on experiments involving a fluidic oscillator with two feedback channels. Although limited to the fundamental properties, the discussions throughout the paper are frequently directed at the use of fluidic oscillators for flow control applications, which is accompanied by numerous suggestions for future research activities. The internal flow field reveals the oscillation mechanism that is based on flow guided through the feedback channels to feed into a recirculation bubble. The bubble grows and pushes the jet to the opposite side. Scaling parameters are introduced that govern the oscillation frequency for different oscillator sizes and working fluids. The external flow field within a quiescent environment visualizes the jet’s sweeping motion. A head vortex is formed repetitively. The jet’s properties (e.g., jet velocity, jet depth, and entrainment) change throughout one oscillation cycle. The jet velocity decays much more rapidly than for a steady jet, which is accompanied by a significant increase in jet depth. These observations are consistent with the finding that the jet entrainment is at least four times higher than for a steady jet. Furthermore, the jet forces are assessed from the flow field data. When a single oscillating jet interacts with a crossflow over a flat plate, pockets of streamwise vorticity are formed and convected downstream. Depending on Strouhal number, the streamwise vortices alternate gradually or in an almost bi-modal manner.
Permanent wafer bonding in the low temperature by using various plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition dielectrics (2015)

The low temperature permanent wafer bonding is studied on the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited dielectrics. Three types of dielectric material (SiOx, SiOxNy, SiCxNy) were prepared by the conventional CMOS interconnection process which includes the thermal annealing and chemical mechanical polishing step. The plasma treatment generated by different inert gas was evaluated to activate the dielectric surface prior to wafer bonding. The modified surface properties were characterized by using water wettability, hydrophilicity as well as the surface roughness. The obtained surface properties have been discussed with the interface bonding energy.
Additional Glycosylation Within a Specific Hypervariable Region of Subtype 3a of Hepatitis C Virus Protects Against Virus Neutralization (2013)

We identified a new glycosylation site within the HVR495 region of HCV subtype 3a that has a protective effect against antibody neutralization.
The mad hatter's cocktail party (2003)

This paper presents a mobile audio space intended for use by gelled social groups. In face-to-face interactions in such social groups, conversational floors change frequently, e.g., two participants split off to form a new conversational floor, a participant moves from one conversational floor to another, etc. To date, audio spaces have provided little support for such dynamic regroupings of participants, either requiring that the participants explicitly specify with whom they wish to talk or simply presenting all participants as though they are in a single floor. By contrast, the audio space described here monitors participant behavior to identify conversational floors as they emerge. The system dynamically modifies the audio delivered to each participant to enhance the salience of the participants with whom they are currently conversing. We report a user study of the system, focusing on conversation analytic results.
Motion Detection Using Cellular Neural Network (2002)

Cellular Neural Networks have been recently used for motion detection. Their main advantage lies in the comparative nature of each processor within its local neighborhood. The function of each processor is dependent on the choice of the control and feedback templates. In this paper a new set of templates is introduced. These templates allow the CNN processor to detect object motion in any direction, as well as estimating the motion distance. Experimental results are also introduced to test and verity the accuracy of these templates.
High average power, >10kHz, ultrafast laser systems (2002)

We demonstrate a simple and practical, single-stage, ultrafast laser amplifier system that operates at a repetition frequency from 1 to 10kHz, with millijoule pulse energy, and up to 13W average power.
Nontoxic nanopore electroporation for effective intracellular delivery of biological macromolecules (2019)

We present a simple nanopore-electroporation (NanoEP) platform for delivery of nucleic acids, functional protein, and Cas9 single-guide RNA ribonucleoproteins into both adherent and suspension cells with up to 80% delivery efficiency and >95% cell viability. Low-voltage electric pulses permeabilize a small area of cell membrane as a cell comes into close contact with the nanopores. The biomolecule cargo is then electrophoretically drawn into the cells through the nanopores. In addition to high-performance delivery with low cell toxicity, the NanoEP system does not require specialized buffers, expensive materials, complicated fabrication processes, or cell manipulation; it simply consists of a generic nanopore-embedded water-filter membrane and a low-voltage square-wave generator. Ultimately, the NanoEP platform offers an effective and flexible method for universal intracellular delivery.
Direct coupling of alcohols to form esters and amides with evolution of H2 using in situ formed ruthenium catalysts (2012)

A simple approach for the catalytic conversion of primary alcohols into their corresponding esters and amides, with evolution of H2 gas using in situ formed ruthenium PNP- and PNN-pincer catalysts, is presented. The evaluation showed conversions for the esterification with turnover numbers as high as 4300, and >400 for the amidation.
Spectrally controlled interferometry for measurements of flat and spherical optics (2017)

Conventional interferometry is widely used to measure spherical and at surfaces with nanometer level precision but is plagued by back reflections. We describe a new method of isolating the measurement surface by controlling spectral properties of the source (Spectrally Controlled Interferometry - SCI). Using spectral modulation of the interferometer's source enables formation of localized fringes where the optical path difference is non-zero. As a consequence it becomes possible to form white-light like fringes in common path interferometers, such as the Fizeau. The proposed setup does not require mechanical phase shifting, resulting in simpler instruments and the ability to upgrade existing interferometers. Furthermore, it allows absolute measurement of distance, including radius of curvature of lenses in a single setup with possibility of improving the throughput and removing some modes of failure.
Deep Learning Detection of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Chest Radiography Matched the Clinical Performance of Radiologists (2022)

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends chest radiography to facilitate tuberculosis (TB) screening. However, chest radiograph interpretation expertise remains limited in many regions. Purpose To develop a deep learning system (DLS) to detect active pulmonary TB on chest radiographs and compare its performance to that of radiologists. Materials and Methods A DLS was trained and tested using retrospective chest radiographs (acquired between 1996 and 2020) from 10 countries. To improve generalization, large-scale chest radiograph pretraining, attention pooling, and semisupervised learning (“noisy-student”) were incorporated. The DLS was evaluated in a four-country test set (China, India, the United States, and Zambia) and in a mining population in South Africa, with positive TB confirmed with microbiological tests or nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). The performance of the DLS was compared with that of 14 radiologists. The authors studied the efficacy of the DLS compared with that of nine radiologists using the Obuchowski-Rockette-Hillis procedure. Given WHO targets of 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity, the operating point of the DLS (0.45) was prespecified to favor sensitivity. Results A total of 165 754 images in 22 284 subjects (mean age, 45 years; 21% female) were used for model development and testing. In the four-country test set (1236 subjects, 17% with active TB), the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the DLS was higher than those for all nine India-based radiologists, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.91). Compared with these radiologists, at the prespecified operating point, the DLS sensitivity was higher (88% vs 75%, P < .001) and specificity was noninferior (79% vs 84%, P = .004). Trends were similar within other patient subgroups, in the South Africa data set, and across various TB-specific chest radiograph findings. In simulations, the use of the DLS to identify likely TB-positive chest radiographs for NAAT confirmation reduced the cost by 40%–80% per TB-positive patient detected. Conclusion A deep learning method was found to be noninferior to radiologists for the determination of active tuberculosis on digital chest radiographs. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by van Ginneken in this issue.
Taking an AXE to L2 Spanning Trees (2015)

I think that I shall never see
Receiver Analysis Program (1976)

Abstract : There are many approaches to the design of microwave receivers. Each approach will use a large number of components with different specifications. It is necessary for the designer to predict the performance of all the designs in order to optimize the receiver, which is a tedious calculation. This report presents a computer program which will do these calculations. The program is basically self-explanatory, since it is written in an interactive conversational mode for on-line execution via an intercom terminal. Questions and explanatory comments are put to the user during execution, which help to guide him in the use of the program. It can be used either through an intercom or batch terminal. The program uses the specification of the receiver components as input, i.e., gain, noise figure, intermod point, etc. The output of the program will not only generate the important characteristics of the receiver, such as sensitivity, dynamic range, and spurious product, but also indicate the elements that limit the performance, by generating the percentage of contribution by each component. One can also easily add a new component to a receiver, eliminate an old one or change the specifications of a component. In case one intends to cover a wider instantaneous bandwidth, for example, in channelized receivers with less hardware, a fold mode can be used. This program can handle the noise figure of the fold mode, provided that the different front ends of the receiver have the same noise figure.
SKM-TEA: A Dataset for Accelerated MRI Reconstruction with Dense Image Labels for Quantitative Clinical Evaluation (2023)

While deep-learning-based MRI reconstruction and image analysis methods have shown promise, few have been translated to clinical practice. This may be a result of (1) paucity of end-to-end datasets that enable comprehensive evaluation from reconstruction to analysis and (2) discordance between conventional validation metrics and clinically useful endpoints. Here, we present the Stanford Knee MRI with Multi-Task Evaluation (SKM-TEA) , a dataset of 155 clinical quantitative 3D knee MRI scans with k-space data, DICOM images, and dense tissue segmentation and pathology annotations to facilitate clinically relevant, comprehensive benchmarking of the MRI workflow. Dataset, code, and trained baselines are available at https://github.com/StanfordMIMI/skm-tea .
T-cell-dependent immunity and thrombocytopenia in rats infected with Plasmodium chabaudi (1992)

Normal, splenectomized, and athymic Fischer rats were infected with Plasmodium chabaudi. In normal rat infections, acute-phase infection resolved rapidly and completely. In splenectomized rats, infection resulted in high parasitemia and ultimately death. In nude rats, parasite growth was reduced compared with normal rats, and a persistent parasitemia (between 20 and 45%) was observed for several months. Complete resolution of the infection was achieved after adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes, even when transfer occurred during the course of infection. These results indicated that an acquired, T-lymphocyte-dependent immunity was necessary for the complete recovery observed in normal rats. In normal rats, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly occurred during infection. By contrast, in nude rats, both of these pathological manifestations were only observed after thymus grafting. Thrombocytopenia was also absent in the splenectomized animals. Despite an increase in platelet-associated immunoglobulin levels during the infection, thrombocytopenia was not transferred by injection of infected rat serum to normal recipients. It has been concluded that the nude rat infection can be regarded as a novel and useful model for studying the T-cell-dependent effector and pathological mechanisms and to investigate the anti-P. chabaudi immune response.
Optimization of Rule-Based Control Strategy for a Hydraulic-Electric Hybrid Light Urban Vehicle Based on Dynamic Programming (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a low-cost path for extending the range of small urban pure electric vehicles by hydraulic hybridization. Energy management strategies are investigated to improve the electric range, component efficiencies, as well as battery usable capacity. As a starting point, a rule-based control strategy is derived by analysis of synergistic effects of lead-acid batteries, high efficient operating region of DC motor and the hydraulic pump/motor. Then, Dynamic Programming (DP) is used as a benchmark to find the optimal control trajectories for DC motor and Hydraulic Pump/Motor. Implementable rules are derived by studying the optimal control trajectories from DP. With new improved rules implemented, simulation results show electric range improvement due to increased battery usable capacity and higher average DC motor operating efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cache write generate for high performance parallel processing (1992)

We present, Generate, a new cache write handling scheme that avoids unnecessary reads from main memory, reduces bus contention, and increases the available bandwidth of the memory. Cache Write Generate increases the amount of CPU execution and memory load/store overlap, and decreases the memory cycle time. We compare the performance of cache write generate with write around and write allocate in single processor and shared bus multiprocessors and demonstrate a speedup of 1.2 to 1.5 over allocate and write around.
Halogen bonding enhances nonlinear optical response in poled supramolecular polymers (2015)

We demonstrate that halogen bonding strongly enhances the nonlinear optical response of poled supramolecular polymer systems.
Chemical Plant Analysis Of Hydrogen Production Based On The Hybrid Sulfur-Ammonia Water Splitting Cycle (2017)

Solar-powered thermochemical water splitting cycles (TWSC) can potentially reach overall efficiencies of 35-40%, far exceeding that of other solar-to-H2 conversion systems (e.g. PV-electrolysis, photo-electrochemical, photocatalytic, photo-biological). However, existing solar TWSC face number of challenges that have slowed their practical application: (i) the utilization of only the thermal (IR) component of the solar irradiation, neglecting a photonic (UV-Vis) component, (ii) the intermittent nature of the solar resource, and (iii) the reliance on technically-challenging reagents transport and separation stages. This work presents the process simulation and preliminary sensitivity analysis of the hybrid photo-thermal sulfur-ammonia water splitting cycle; a novel photo-thermochemical process that takes advantage of a wider spectrum of the solar radiation. The developed process consists of mainly five-unit operations (a photochemical, three thermochemical & an absorber). It incorporates also two thermal energy storage systems based on process fluids (molten salts and gases) rather than external heat transfer fluids. An optimum solar-to-H2 efficiency of 25.5 % was predicted, on the basis of 7,000 kmol.h-1 produced H2, higher than previous attempts. At the same time, to achieve this higher efficiency, higher reactor temperatures than those predicted by previous thermodynamic calculations are needed. Finally, the preliminary sensitivity analysis shows that mainly the mid-temperature thermochemical reactor and the composition of the feed affect the overall performance of the cycle.
SARS-CoV-2 N protein mediates intercellular nucleic acid dispersion, a feature reduced in Omicron (2023)

The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is known to bind to nucleic acids and facilitate viral genome encapsulation. Here we report that the N protein can mediate RNA or DNA entering neighboring cells through ACE2-independent, receptor (STEAP2)-mediated endocytosis, and achieve gene expression. The effect is more pronounced for the N protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 than that of the Omicron variant and other human coronaviruses. This effect is enhanced by RANTES (CCL5), a chemokine induced by N protein, and lactate, a metabolite produced in hypoxia, to cause more damage. These findings might explain the clinical observations in SARS-CoV-2-infected cases. Moreover, the N protein-mediated function can be inhibited by N protein-specific monoclonal antibodies or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Since the N-protein-mediated nucleic acid endocytosis involves a receptor commonly expressed in many types of cells, our findings suggest that N protein may have an additional role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
Programmable realization of multi-valued multi-threshold functions using CCDs (2003)

An investigation is conducted of PLA (programmable logic array) structures for implementation of multivalued multithreshold functions using CCD (charge-coupled device) technology. A new PLA structure is introduced for this purpose. The structure is fully programmable at the user level. The relative merits of this PLA, with respect to the existing structures, are evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A study on exploiting VAT to mitigate ordering effects in Fuzzy ART (2018)

The clustering structures formed by Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) and many other algorithms are dependent on input presentation/permutation order. In this work, we exploit Visual Assessment of cluster Tendency (VAT) as a pre-processor for Fuzzy ART in order to mitigate this problem. This approach is a global strategy that uses similarity-based ordering before clustering. Experimental results show that this framework improved peak and average performance, reduced the number of categories, and incurred less variability in the clustering outcome. By enhancing performance and reducing sensitivity to input order presentation, this approach is recommended when it is suitable to perform off-line incremental learning.