gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic aspects of type inference with subtypes (1992)

We study the complexity of type inference for programming languages with subtypes. There are three language variations that effect the problem: (i) basic functions may have polymorphic or more limited types, (ii) the subtype hierarchy may be fixed or vary as a result of subtype declarations within a program, and (iii) the subtype hierarchy may be an arbitrary partial order or may have a more restricted form, such as a tree or lattice. The naive algorithm for infering a most general polymorphic type, undervariable subtype hypotheses, requires deterministic exponential time. If we fix the subtype ordering, this upper bound grows to nondeterministic exponential time. We show that it is NP-hard to decide whether a lambda term has a type with respect to a fixed subtype hierarchy (involving only atomic type names). This lower bound applies to monomorphic or polymorphic languages. We give PSPACE upper bounds for deciding polymorphic typability if the subtype hierarchy has a lattice structure or the subtype hierarchy varies arbitrarily. We also give a polynomial time algorithm for the limited case where there are of no function constants and the type hierarchy is either variable or any fixed lattice.
Robotic Fabric Fusing using a Novel Electroadhesion Gripper (2022)

Automation has been playing a major role in manufacturing such as in automotive, electronics, and pharmaceutical industries. While robots are able to perform repeatable tasks with speed and accuracy, its use in garment industry has been limited by challenges in grasping and handling soft fabrics using commercially available robot end effectors. This paper considers a common garment manufacturing process, fabric fusing, which combines a piece of woven or knitted fabric with an interface material (interlining) to provide additional firmness and support. Current practice uses human operators to perform fabric pick-up, alignment, and manipulation tasks to feed the combined materials into a fusing machine. We have developed a robotic system with an electroadhesion robot gripper containing actuated pins to alleviate human operators from performing these repeated and laborious tasks in an uncomfortable manufacturing environment. This robotic system can reliably pick-up fabric pieces, place them without wrinkles, align them using machine vision, and feed the combined bundle through the conveyor belt into the fusing machine. The actuated pins interlaced with the electrodes on the gripper can detach the fabric from the gripper with residual charges and to slide the bundle onto the conveyor belt without affecting the fabric alignment. The electroadhesion force depends on the applied voltage, fabric material property, and humidity. The environmental condition needs to be controlled and the applied voltage adjusted based on the type of fabric materials and humidity to achieve reliable performance. The prototype system has been demonstrated in both the laboratory setting and actual garment manufacturing shop floor.
Abstract SY42-03: Systematic interrogation of cancer dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions (2019)

Although molecular profiling of human tumors is becoming increasingly routine, the use of this data to guide remains limited to a subset of patients. To complement genome characterization studies, we have used genome scale gain and loss of function approaches to identify genes required for cell survival and transformation. Specifically, we have performed systematic studies to interrogate rare alleles found altered in cancer genomes and used advances in synthetic gene synthesis to prospectively interrogate all possible alleles of known cancer genes. In parallel, we have performed both genome scale RNAi and CRISRP-Cas9 screens in hundreds of cancer cell lines to identify differentially essential genes and the context that specifies gene dependency. Integrating these studies with genome characterization of human tumors and protein-protein interaction databases facilitates the identification of genes and pathways required for the survival of specific cancer subtypes. These studies allow us to define a global cancer dependencies map, which will help further operationalize precision cancer medicine.Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Systematic interrogation of cancer dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY42-03.
Actinomycin-insensitive Stimulation of Protein Synthesis in Rat Anterior Pituitary in Vitro by Dibutyryl Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate (1971)

Abstract The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate) on protein synthesis and release has been studied in rat anterior pituitary gland. In unstimulated pituitary halves, incorporation of radioactive amino acids is maintained at a constant level for at least 5 hours. In response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 mm), there is a 50 to 80% increase in the rate of incorporation into trichloracetic acid-insoluble proteins after 2 to 3 hours of incubation of male adenohypophyseal tissue. Concurrently, up to 30 min after addition of the cyclic nucleotide, there is a 275% stimulation of newly synthesized protein released into the medium, the effect being already maximal at 4 min. Actinomycin D, at a dose which inhibits RNA synthesis to less than 10% of the control rate, is without effect on the stimulatory action of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on either total protein synthesis or release. It is concluded that dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulates both protein synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland, the effect on protein synthesis being probably exerted at the level of translation.
Localised Broadband Curing of Directly Written Inks for the Production of Electrical Devices for Aerospace Applications (2010)

Direct Write (DW) technologies afford the possibility of printing electronics and sensors directly onto structural components. This allows advantageous weight saving by making good use of available space through conformal printing whilst adding functionality. To enable DW fabrication of devices onto large aerospace structures a localised processing method is required. This paper investigates the feasibility of using a broadband thermal spot curing system for processing DW Inkjet and Polymer Thick Film (PTF) materials onto composite structures. The characteristics of spot cured tracks were compared to conventional oven cured tracks and were shown to exhibit equivalent resistances.
ADT-Based UHDTV Transmission for the Existing ATSC Terrestrial DTV Broadcasting (2014)

In this brief, we propose an augmented data transmission (ADT)-based ultrahigh definition (UHD) television transmission system for the existing advanced television systems committee terrestrial digital television (DTV) broadcasting. The proposed system can support a rate of 12 Mb/s using a moving pictures expert group-2 (MPEG-2)-based DTV signal and a rate of 12.5 Mb/s using High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)-based DTV and ADT signals. By combining properly an MPEG-2-based DTV signal, an HEVC-based DTV signal and an HEVC-based ADT signal, 4K (3840 × 2160 ) UHD video can be served while providing backward-compatible high-definition video service.
Physiological Impact of Palm Olein or Palm Oil in Infant Formulas: A Review of Clinical Evidence (2020)

Palm oil/olein (PO/POL) is used in infant formulas to imitate the fatty acid profile of human milk (HM) and achieve similar levels of palmitic acid (PA). However, the positions of fatty acids on the triacylglyceride differ between PO/POL and HM, which affect fat absorption and produce unintended physiological consequences. Recent papers have reviewed evidence for physiological benefits of PO/POL and beta-palmitate (sn-2-palmitate) in infant formulas. The aim of the present review is to supplement the assessment of available clinical evidence on the physiological effects of PO/POL formulas in healthy infants. We intend to focus on PO/POL and not on sn-2-palmitate, since the latter was recently extensively reviewed. Clinical evidence supports that PO/POL in infant formulas leads to a lower fat, DHA, palmitate and calcium absorption, and bone mineralization; soft stools; and growth (weight accretion) compared to formulas without PO/POL. Consequently, it seems prudent to be considerate and cautious when adding PO/POL to infant formulas. While HM is the gold standard for infant nutrition, the development of infant formula should be based on achieving positive physiological outcomes, rather than just replicating HM nutrient composition.
Selectively targeting the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor as a prospective therapy for prostate cancer. (2014)

VOLUME 289 (2014) PAGES 26417–26429 Mohamed Hessein's name should appear as Mohamed D. Hassona instead.
Magnetic Separation: Optimization of Pathogen Capture in Flowing Fluids with Magnetic Nanoparticles (Small 42/2015) (2015)

D. E. Ingber and co-workers illustrate the capture and removal of bacterial cells from flowing blood by binding them to different-sized magnetic particles that are pulled by magnetic fields. On page 5657, they explain how the optimal size of these magnetic nanoparticles for continuous magnetophoretic pathogen separation is determined. A new theoretical model describing pathogen binding and separation efficiencies is described, and shown to accurately predict the optimal size to promote bead capture in experimental trials.
20‐2: Invited Paper: High‐Efficiency, Long‐Lifetime, Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2021)

Simultaneously achieving a high efficiency and long lifetime in deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is challenging because most high‐efficiency blue OLEDs suffer from a short device lifetime. We describe high‐efficiency, long‐lifetime deep‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs by designing new blue TADF materials and developing a triplet‐exciton‐recycling device protocol. A new deep‐blue TADF emitter that harvests the singlet excitons of the fluorescent emitter was embedded in the device structure of the triplet‐exciton‐distributed (TED) TADF devices built on a new device protocol. Two TADF materials, one distributing and one emitting, were doped into a host with a triplet energy between those of these two materials. Codoping the TADF materials to realize TED‐TADF in the low‐triplet‐energy host achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 28.3% and almost quadrupled the device lifetime relative to that of the reference device with only the emitting TADF material. Recycling the triplet excitons of the distributing TADF material that were quenched by the host and the singlet‐exciton‐harvested TADF emission of the emitting TADF material were the main mechanisms realizing simultaneous high efficiency and extended lifetime. The TADF devices based on this new approach combined with an optically optimized device stack demonstrated &gt;30% efficiency, a lifetime of &gt;6,000 h, and a y color coordinate &lt;0.10, which are unprecedented device metrics for deep‐blue OLEDs. This is the first work reporting such a device lifetime for the deep‐blue OLEDs with a y color coordinate below 0.09.
Supp Table 1 from Tumor Microenvironment–Derived R-spondins Enhance Antitumor Immunity to Suppress Tumor Growth and Sensitize for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TCGA abbreviation and Wnt signaling components&lt;/p&gt;
Genomic Landscape Established by Allelic Imbalance in the Cancerization Field of a Normal Appearing Airway (2016)

Visually normal cells adjacent to, and extending from, tumors of the lung may carry molecular alterations characteristics of the tumor itself, an effect referred to as airway field of cancerization. This airway field has been postulated as a model for early events in lung cancer pathogenesis. Yet the genomic landscape of somatically acquired molecular alterations in airway epithelia of lung cancer patients has remained unknown. To begin to fill this void, we sought to comprehensively characterize the genomic architecture of chromosomal alterations inducing allelic imbalance (AI) in the airway field of the most common type of lung tumors, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To do so, we conducted a genome-wide survey of multiple spatially distributed normal-appearing airways, multiregion tumor specimens, and uninvolved normal tissues or blood from 45 patients with early-stage NSCLC. We detected alterations in airway epithelia from 22 patients, with an increased frequency in NSCLCs of squamous histology. Our data also indicated a spatial gradient of AI in samples at closer proximity to the NSCLC. Chromosome 9 displayed the highest levels of AI and comprised recurrent independent events. Furthermore, the airway field AI included oncogenic gains and tumor suppressor losses in known NSCLC drivers. Our results demonstrate that genome-wide AI is common in the airway field of cancerization, providing insights into early events in the pathogenesis of NSCLC that may comprise targets for early treatment and chemoprevention. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3676-83. ©2016 AACR.
Effect of aging and Mn substitution on anisotropy of third generation piezoelectrics (2017)

We predict a new candidate high-temperature high-pressure structure of FeSiO$_3$ with space-group symmetry Cmmm by applying an evolutionary algorithm within DFT+U that we call post-perovskite II (PPv-II). An exhaustive search found no other competitive candidate structures with ABO$_3$ composition. We compared the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of FeSiO$_3$ PPv-II with experimental results of the recently reported "H-phase" of (Fe,Mg)SiO$_3$. The intensities and positions of two main X-ray diffraction peaks of PPv-II FeSiO$_3$ compare well with those of the H-phase. We also calculated the static equation of state, the enthalpy and the bulk modulus of the PPv-II phase and compared it with those of perovskite (Pv) and post-perovskite (PPv) phases of FeSiO$_3$. According to the static DFT+U computations the PPv-II phase of FeSiO$_3$ is less stable than Pv and PPv phases under lower mantle pressure conditions at T=0 K and has a higher volume. PPv-II may be entropically stabilized, and may be a stable phase in Earth's lower mantle, coexisting with {α-PbO$_2$ (Columbite-structure) silica and perovskite, or with magnesiowustite and/or ferropericlase, depending on bulk composition.
Dickson-Charge-Pump-Based Voltage-to-Time Conversion for Time-Based ADCs in 28-nm CMOS (2020)

This article demonstrates a digitally friendly time-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) exploiting Dickson charge-pump (CP) as part of a voltage-to-time conversion (VTC) implemented in 28-nm CMOS. In the proposed technique, the Dickson CP generates a ramp signal that is compared with the input voltage to generate a pulse of commensurable widths, which is then fed to a D-type flip-flop (DFF)-based time-to-digital converter (TDC). The TDC is composed of CMOS DFFs and digital circuits for digital conversion without any use of analog-intensive circuits, e.g., amplifiers or current sources. Thanks to the robustness of Dickson CP characteristics, the digital outputs of the proposed ADC can be corrected through a low-complexity deterministic digital mapping with improvements of 1.5-bit in peak effective number of bits (ENOB) and 9 dB in peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) verified over three measured sample prototypes.
Syntheses of β,β′-Disubstituted Tungstacyclopentanes from Terminal Olefins and Their Conversions to Alkylidenes (2023)

β,β′-Disubstituted tungstacyclopentane complexes have been prepared through addition of propylene, 1-heptene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, or diallylaniline to unsubstituted tungstacyclopentane complexes, W(NR)(OR′)2(C4H8); tungstabicycloalkanes are formed from the dienes. Several tungstacyclopentanes have been prepared from W(NR)(OR′)2Cl2 complexes through alkylation and reduction with diethylzinc in the presence of the olefin. The synthesized complexes include those in which NR = NPh, NCPh3, or N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3 and OR′ = OSiPh3 or OCMe2(CF3). The tungstacyclopentane complexes are stable in the dark, but upon exposure to violet (405 λmax) or blue (445 nm λmax) LED light, they form alkylidenes, largely through α hydrogen abstraction; ring-contraction to give a tungstacyclobutane is a minor reaction pathway only for the β,β′-dimethyltungstacyclopentane. Preliminary DFT calculations suggest that one electron is promoted from the HOMO (composed of the two W–C σ bonds) into an empty dxy orbital to give what could be viewed as a W(V)CH2CHRCHRCH2· complex. Abstraction of an Hα by the radical chain end yields an alkylidene, while abstraction of an Hγ leads to ring-contraction to give a tungstacyclobutane. The rates of the photochemical reactions for the β,β′-disubstituted tungstacyclopentanes do not vary dramatically with solvent (toluene, THF, CDCl3). Twelve compounds were characterized through single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Implementation of a multiview passive-stereo-imaging system with SoC technology (2019)

Passive-stereo-imaging as a part of three-dimensional image processing can be applied for many use cases where a depth information is necessary. This is often the case when classical two dimensional image processing get to its borders. Passive-stereo needs at minimum two images of the same object of interest. An initial one-time system calibration is absolutely essential. The usage of more than two sensors offer more system stability and reduce hidden image elements. A variant of semi-global-matching algorithm is used to find the matching points in the image pair and is implemented in the FPGA. The lateral shift of two matching points is called disparity. All disparity values together result in a disparity image which is the basis for a point cloud. By using embedded technologies, a compact and portable acquisition system could be realized. Programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) combining FPGA and ARM computing power in one chip design. This technology is an ideal solution to so acquire the images from the image sensor and calculate the disparity images.
Reactive conductors for increased efficiency of exploding foil initiators and other detonators (2023)

Provided among other things are reactive energetic material systems used for conductors in detonators for increased efficiencies. According to an embodiment, a detonator may include: a conductor including at least two constituents including (i) an electrically conductive constituent, and (ii) an electrically non-conductive constituent, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction; and a flyer plate having a non-conductive surface in contact with said conductor. When the sufficient electrical energy is supplied to said conductor, rapid heating and vaporization of at least a portion of the conductor occurs so as to explosively drive at least a portion of the flyer plate away from said conductor. In an embodiment, a multilayer conductor may be formed of alternating layers of at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one electrically non-conductive layer, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction.
How We Built a Virtual Scheduling Assistant at Microsoft (2017)

Many people would agree that scheduling meetings is tedious. Perhaps you have experienced an email chain like this: Jenn, a potential client: Hey! What day/time works for a quick call next week? You: (toggling between calendar app and email) I’m wide open Monday. Jenn: (several hours later) Sorry. Traveling that day. How about Wednesday at 10 AM? You: (checking your calendar app again) That should work. Your office? Jenn: My office is great. Maybe we should see if Emad can join? This back-and-forth can carry on, and it can get even more challenging when people use different calendaring systems or meet across different time zones. Not only are these exchanges time-consuming, they also obliterate our ability to focus on more demanding tasks.
Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition compromises cell defenses against exogenous stress potentiating Obatoclax-induced cytotoxicity in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (2022)

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are the most common malignant brain tumors of infancy and have a dismal 4-year event-free survival (EFS) of 37%. We have previously shown that mTOR activation contributes to AT/RT's aggressive growth and poor survival. Targeting the mTOR pathway with the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor TAK-228 slows tumor growth and extends survival in mice bearing orthotopic xenografts. However, responses are primarily cytostatic with limited durability. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of mTOR inhibitors on AT/RT signaling pathways and design a rational combination therapy to drive a more durable response to this promising therapy. We performed RNASeq, gene expression studies, and protein analyses to identify pathways disrupted by TAK-228. We find that TAK-228 decreases the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and compromises AT/RT cellular defenses against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The BH3 mimetic, Obatoclax, is a potent inducer of oxidative stress and apoptosis in AT/RT. These complementary mechanisms of action drive extensive synergies between TAK-228 and Obatoclax slowing AT/RT cell growth and inducing apoptosis and cell death. Combination therapy activates the integrative stress response as determined by increased expression of phosphorylated EIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, and disrupts the protective NOXA.MCL-1.BIM axis, forcing stressed cells to undergo apoptosis. Combination therapy is well tolerated in mice bearing orthotopic xenografts of AT/RT, slows tumor growth, and extends median overall survival. This novel combination therapy could be added to standard upfront therapies or used as a salvage therapy for relapsed disease to improve outcomes in AT/RT.
Practical scrubbing: Getting to the bad sector at the right time (2012)

Latent sector errors (LSEs) are a common hard disk failure mode, where disk sectors become inaccessible while the rest of the disk remains unaffected. To protect against LSEs, commercial storage systems use scrubbers: background processes verifying disk data. The efficiency of different scrubbing algorithms in detecting LSEs has been studied in depth; however, no attempts have been made to evaluate or mitigate the impact of scrubbing on application performance. We provide the first known evaluation of the performance impact of different scrubbing policies in implementation, including guidelines on implementing a scrubber. To lessen this impact, we present an approach giving conclusive answers to the questions: when should scrubbing requests be issued, and at what size, to minimize impact and maximize scrubbing throughput for a given workload. Our approach achieves six times more throughput, and up to three orders of magnitude less slowdown than the default Linux I/O scheduler.
Urinary β2-microglobulin and disease activity in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (2018)

Uβ2M correlate with uveitis activity and trend down over the course of TINU. Uβ2M may serve as a useful tool in determining where patients are in their systemic disease course.