gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Fabrication and Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Using Laser Patterned Anode (2010)

We fabricated blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by using a laser patterned ITO anode. An indium tin oxide (ITO) layer was defined directly with an infrared laser system (wavelength = 1064 nm), which was carried out at an optimum laser focal position, 1 W of laser power and 500 m/s of laser scanning speed. As a result, the problems with the laser patterning method, such as a shoulder at the ITO/glass edge, crack on the surface, and ITO debris were minimized. Moreover, we found that the OLED with laser patterned ITO showed almost similar electrical and optical properties to that of ITO that was patterned by photo-lithography.
Abstract 3632: Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and safety of Angiocal, the first VEGF-A-specific alternative scaffold protein entering clinical development for cancer (2011)

Abstract Anticalins are high affinity scaffold proteins based on human lipocalins and represent a new class of biologics. Although lipocalins share limited sequence identity among each other they are all made up of a single conserved beta-barrel. The four loops protruding from the opening of the calyx contribute to the observed various binding functions of different lipocalins. The loop residues of human tear lipocalin were randomized to generate a combinatorial library and successive rounds of panning and screening were employed to generate an Anticalin with high affinity and specificity for VEGF-A, Angiocal. Angiocal was found to antagonize VEGF-A function by preventing its interaction with cognate membrane receptors. Following the initial characterization in cell-based and in vivo models as communicated previously (AACR 2008 #4077, AACR 2009 #2318) we sought to estimate the human pharmacokinetics of Angiocal by interspecies scaling. Therefore, PK profiles in mice, rats and cynomolgus monkeys were obtained and will be presented. Therapeutic antibodies such as bevacizumab are usually well tolerated while significant toxicities occur in a subset of patients, for example leading to an enhanced risk for thromboembolic events. It has been demonstrated that bevacizumab forms multimeric immune complexes in vivo which may be a cause for these effects. Furthermore, immune complex deposition in glomeruli of the kidney may cause glomerulosclerosis. With respect to thromboembolic complications of bevacizumab use, these were mirrored in human FcgammaIIa receptor transgenic mice where administration of complexes between heparin, Bevacizumab and heparin-binding isoforms of its VEGF-A target lead to platelet aggregation and thrombosis (Meyer, T. et al. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2009, 7: 171-181). Angiocal was tested in the same model and does not cause any of these adverse effects on platelets in vivo. GLP toxicology studies with Angiocal were performed in two relevant species to determine the NOAEL. In addition, we did not observe effects on inflammatory cytokines or complement factors in these studies while exaggerated pharmacodynamic effects consistent with potent VEGF neutralization were seen. Angiocal is currently undergoing phase Ib clinical testing in cancer patients to establish Anticalins as novel and safe class of therapeutic molecules. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3632. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3632
Critical dimension scanning electron microscope local overlay measurement and its application for double patterning of complex shapes (2011)

We have developed a new local overlay measurement technique on actual device patterns using a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM), which can be applied to two-dimensional (2D) device structures such as a static random access memory contact hole array. CD-SEM overlay measurement can provide additional local overlay information at the site of device patterns, complementary to the optical overlay. The methodology includes the use of pattern symmetry to cancel out many process effects and reduce measurement uncertainty. CD-SEM overlay metrology was compared with conventional optical overlay metrology in terms of measurement uncertainty and overlay model analysis, and very good correlation was confirmed. The developed methodology was applied to local overlay measurement of double patterning contact hole layers of leading edge devices. The local overlay distribution was obtained across the device area, and spatial correlation of the overlay error vectors was examined over a large range of distances. The applications of CD-SEM overlay metrology were explored, and methodologies were introduced to examine both the overlay of double patterning contacts at the edge of an array and lithographic process-induced overlay shift of contacts. Finally, a hybrid optical CD-SEM overlay metrology was introduced in order to capture a high order, device weighted overlay response.
Small Cell and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Pancreas are Genetically Similar and Distinct From Well-differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2012)

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the pancreas are rare malignant neoplasms with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic and genetic features of poorly differentiated NECs and compare them with other types of pancreatic neoplasms. We investigated alterations of KRAS, CDKN2A/p16, TP53, SMAD4/DPC4, DAXX, ATRX, PTEN, Bcl2, and RB1 by immunohistochemistry and/or targeted exomic sequencing in surgically resected specimens of 9 small cell NECs, 10 large cell NECs, and 11 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) of the pancreas. Abnormal immunolabeling patterns of p53 and Rb were frequent (p53, 18 of 19, 95%; Rb, 14 of 19, 74%) in both small cell and large cell NECs, whereas Smad4/Dpc4, DAXX, and ATRX labeling was intact in virtually all of these same carcinomas. Abnormal immunolabeling of p53 and Rb proteins correlated with intragenic mutations in the TP53 and RB1 genes. In contrast, DAXX and ATRX labeling was lost in 45% of PanNETs, whereas p53 and Rb immunolabeling was intact in these same cases. Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein was observed in all 9 small cell NECs (100%) and in 5 of 10 (50%) large cell NECs compared with only 2 of 11 (18%) PanNETs. Bcl-2 overexpression was significantly correlated with higher mitotic rate and Ki67 labeling index in neoplasms in which it was present. Small cell NECs are genetically similar to large cell NECs, and these genetic changes are distinct from those reported in PanNETs. The finding of Bcl-2 overexpression in poorly differentiated NECs, particularly small cell NEC, suggests that Bcl-2 antagonists/inhibitors may be a viable treatment option for these patients.
Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Kalihinol C. (2004)

The total synthesis of kalihinol C, a bis-isonitrile marine diterpenoid isolated from &lt;i&gt;Acanthella&lt;/i&gt; sp., is reported. The decalin framework was\nestablished via an intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition and subsequently functionalized through a series of substrate-controlled\ndiastereoselective transformations to install the tertiary isonitrile, β-hydroxy isonitrile, and pendant tetrahydrofuranyl ring.
20. MOTION-BASED JOINT COORDINATE SYSTEMS FOR THE ELBOW: A NEW METHOD FOR REDUCING VARIABILITY OF FLEXION KINEMATICS (2011)

Results: Repeatability of creating motion-based JCS was less than 1 mm and 1° in all directions. The inter-specimen standard-deviations of position and orientation measurements were smaller for the motion-based than for the anatomy-based JCS in every direction and for every specimen (p
Diversity in smartphone usage (2010)

Using detailed traces from 255 users, we conduct a comprehensive study of smartphone use. We characterize intentional user activities -- interactions with the device and the applications used -- and the impact of those activities on network and energy usage. We find immense diversity among users. Along all aspects that we study, users differ by one or more orders of magnitude. For instance, the average number of interactions per day varies from 10 to 200, and the average amount of data received per day varies from 1 to 1000 MB. This level of diversity suggests that mechanisms to improve user experience or energy consumption will be more effective if they learn and adapt to user behavior. We find that qualitative similarities exist among users that facilitate the task of learning user behavior. For instance, the relative application popularity for can be modeled using an exponential distribution, with different distribution parameters for different users. We demonstrate the value of adapting to user behavior in the context of a mechanism to predict future energy drain. The 90th percentile error with adaptation is less than half compared to predictions based on average behavior across users.
NRAGE Mediates p38 Activation and Neural Progenitor Apoptosis via the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Cascade (2005)

Understanding the molecular events that govern neural progenitor lineage commitment, mitotic arrest, and differentiation into functional progeny are germane to our understanding of neocortical development. Members of the family of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play pivotal roles in regulating neural differentiation and apoptosis during neurogenesis through combined actions involving Smad and TAK1 activation. We demonstrate that BMP signaling is required for the induction of apoptosis of neural progenitors and that NRAGE is a mandatory component of the signaling cascade. NRAGE possesses the ability to bind and function with the TAK1-TAB1-XIAP complex facilitating the activation of p38. Disruption of NRAGE or any other member of the noncanonical signaling cascaded is sufficient to block p38 activation and thus the proapoptotic signals generated through BMP exposure. The function of NRAGE is independent of Smad signaling, but the introduction of a dominant-negative Smad5 also rescues neural progenitor apoptosis, suggesting that both canonical and noncanonical pathways can converge and regulate BMP-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, these results establish NRAGE as an integral component in BMP signaling and clarify its role during neural progenitor development.
Replication of Centromere II of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1995)

The centromeric DNAs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes resemble those of higher eukaryotes in being large and composed predominantly of repeated sequences. To begin a detailed analysis of the mode of replication of a complex centromere, we examined whether any sequences within S. pombe centromere II (cen2) have the ability to mediate autonomous replication. We found a high density of segments with such activity, including at least eight different regions comprising most of the repeated and unique centromeric DNA elements. A physical mapping analysis using two-dimensional gels showed that autonomous replication initiated within the S. pombe sequences in each plasmid. A two-dimensional gel analysis of replication on the chromosomes revealed that the K and L repeat elements, which occur in multiple copies at all three centromeres and comprise approximately 70% of total centromeric DNA mass in S. pombe, are both sites of replication initiation. In contrast, the unique cen2 central core, which contains multiple segments that can support autonomous replication, appears to be repressed for initiation on the chromosome. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of DNA replication and centromere function.
Small satellites and RPAS in global-change research: Summary and conclusions (1992)

JASON has now conducted two studies on the use of small satellites and remotely-piloted aircraft (RPAs) in global change research, with special reference to the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and to DARPA's Small Satellite program. The studies centered around meetings, one in January and the other in June, 1991, to which we invited representatives of all areas of the global change program and of the DOD satellite science and technology community. We have already issued a report on the January study. Here we summarize the main themes and results of our Summer Study; the full report will be issued shortly.
Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Ampicillin and Characterization of Its Forced Degradation Products (2014)

In the current study, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of ampicillin in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Forced degradation analysis was performed and the stress degradation product thus obtained was characterized by mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was carried out using BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) using a binary mobile phase mixture of 0.001% acetic acid in water and methanol (30:70). The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL min(-1). The total chromatographic analysis time for ampicillin was as short as 1.5 min. The detection and quantitation of the studied drug was carried out using positive electrospray ionization and selected ion reaction modes. The developed method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.25-3.0 µg mL(-1). The recovery studies suggest an excellent recovery of the procedure which was found in the range of 99.45-100.90%. The relative standard deviation range of the developed analytical procedure ranged from 1.98 to 2.67% in intraday studies and 2.38-2.98% in case of interday study. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method were found to be 0.016 and 0.049 µg mL(-1), respectively.
Long-Term learning using multiple models for outdoor autonomous robot navigation (2007)

Autonomous robot navigation in unstructured outdoor environments is a challenging area of active research. The navigation task requires identifying safe, traversable paths which allow the robot to progress toward a goal while avoiding obstacles. One approach is to apply Machine Learning techniques that accomplish near to far learning by augmenting near-field Stereo to identify safe terrain and obstacles in the far field. Some mechanism for applying past learned experience to the active navigation task is crucial for effective far-field classification. We introduce a new method for long-term learning in the robot navigation task by selecting a subset of previously learned linear binary classifiers. We then combine their output to produce a final classification for a new image. Techniques for efficient selection of models, as well as the combination of their output, are addressed. We evaluate the performance of our technique on three fully labeled datasets, and show that our technique outperforms several baseline techniques that do not leverage past experience.
Mycobacteria release active membrane vesicles that modulate immune responses in a TLR2-dependent manner in mice (2011)

Bacteria naturally release membrane vesicles (MVs) under a variety of growth environments. Their production is associated with virulence due to their capacity to concentrate toxins and immunomodulatory molecules. In this report, we show that the 2 medically important species of mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin, release MVs when growing in both liquid culture and within murine phagocytic cells in vitro and in vivo. We documented MV production in a variety of virulent and nonvirulent mycobacterial species, indicating that release of MVs is a property conserved among mycobacterial species. Extensive proteomic analysis revealed that only MVs from the virulent strains contained TLR2 lipoprotein agonists. The interaction of MVs with macrophages isolated from mice stimulated the release of cytokines and chemokines in a TLR2-dependent fashion, and infusion of MVs into mouse lungs elicited a florid inflammatory response in WT but not TLR2-deficient mice. When MVs were administered to mice before M. tuberculosis pulmonary infection, an accelerated local inflammatory response with increased bacterial replication was seen in the lungs and spleens. Our results provide strong evidence that actively released mycobacterial vesicles are a delivery mechanism for immunologically active molecules that contribute to mycobacterial virulence. These findings may open up new horizons for understanding the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and developing vaccines.
Intracellular delivery of and sensing with quantum dot bioconjugates (2009)

Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) possess several unique optical properties that suggest they will be superior reagents compared to traditional organic fluorophores for applications such as the labeling of subcellular structures and the sensing of biological processes within living cells. Chief among these properties are their 1) high quantum yields, 2) broad absorption spectra coupled with narrow symmetric, size-tunable emissions and 3) the ability to excite multiple QD populations at a single wavelength removed from emission. This latter attribute presents the exciting possibility of multiplexed or "multicolor" intracellular imaging and sensing. In order for QDs to reach their full potential as intracellular imaging and sensing reagents, however, facile and robust methodologies for delivering QDs in a controlled manner to specific subcellular locations must be developed. We have investigated a number of strategies to achieve the intracellular delivery of QDs including peptide-mediated, polymer-mediated, and microinjection based methods. In particular, the ability to selectively deliver biofunctionalized QDs to specific intracellular compartments is being targeted. Additionally, long-term QD intracellular QD fate, stability and toxicity are also concomitantly being examined. Cellular delivery experiments utilizing these various schemes will be highlighted and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be discussed.
Prediction Model for Turbo-Coded OFDMA-Systems Employing Rate Matching and HARQ (2011)

The availability of an accurate and simple performance prediction model for OFDMA-based mobile broadband communications systems is critical for many practical applications such as link adaptation and link-to-system mapping for system-level performance evaluations. Previous work on performance prediction models has dealt with predefined and fixed modulation and coding rate schemes. However, recent advances in forward error correction coding techniques in present and next generation mobile broadband communications standards render the existing prediction schemes inappropriate due to the variable coding rate property inherent to the design and operation of such systems; the variable coding rate is due to the rate matching and HARQ processes employed in modern wireless communications standards. The conventional prediction models are inappropriate due to the complexity required for calculating the prediction model parameters in the case of variable coding rates. In this paper, we present a novel model for the performance prediction of turbo-coded OFDMA-based systems employing variable coding rate. The proposed model can be used as a link-to-system mapping, a.k.a. physical layer (PHY) abstraction, in system level simulations of next generation mobile broadband standards such as IEEE 802.16m and LTE-Advanced.
Primary and Secondary Frequency Control Techniques for Isolated Microgrids (2017)

Isolated microgrids have been shown to be a reliable and efficient solution to provide energy to remote communities. From the primary control perspective, due to the low system inertia and fast changes in the output power of wind and solar power sources, isolated microgrids' frequency can experience large excursions and thus easily deviate from nominal operating conditions, even when there is sufficient frequency control reserves; hence, it is challenging to maintain frequency around its nominal value. From the secondary control perspective, the generation scheduling of dispatchable units obtained from a conventional Unit Commitment (UC) are considered fixed between two dispatch time intervals, yielding a staircase generation pro file over the UC time horizon; given the high variability of renewable generation output power, committed units participating in frequency regulation would not remain fixed between two time intervals. The present work proposes techniques to address these issues in primary and secondary frequency control in isolated microgrids with high penetration of renewable generation. &#13;\nIn this thesis, first, a new frequency control mechanism is developed which makes use of the load sensitivity to operating voltage and can be easily adopted for various types of isolated microgrids. The proposed controller offers various advantages, such as allowing the integration of significant levels of intermittent renewable resources in isolated/islanded microgrids without the need for large energy storage systems, providing fast and smooth frequency regulation with no steady-state error, regardless of the generator control mechanism. The controller requires no extra communication infrastructure and only local voltage and frequency is used as feedback. The performance of the controller is evaluated and validated using PSCAD/EMTDC on a modified version of the CIGRE benchmark; also, small-perturbation stability analysis is carried out to demonstrate the contribution of the proposed controller to system damping. &#13;\nIn the second stage of the thesis, a mathematical model of frequency control in isolated microgrids is proposed and integrated into the UC problem. The proposed formulation considers the impact of the frequency control mechanism on the changes in the generation output using a linear model. Based on this model, a novel UC model is developed which yields a more cost e efficient solution for isolated microgrids. The proposed UC is formulated based on a day-ahead scheduling horizon with Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach. To test and validate the proposed UC, the realistic test system used in the first part of the thesis is utilized. The results demonstrate that the proposed UC would reduce the operational costs of isolated microgrids compared to conventional UC methods, at similar complexity levels and computational costs.
All-optical implementation of signal processing functions (2015)

Optical nonlinearities in various materials pose some of the biggest challenges and opportunities in optical communications. Many important functions can be implemented using various forms of photonic nonlinear-interactions. Bit rate tunable all-optical noise mitigation of QPSK data signal and optical channel deaggregtion of QPSK signals are recent applications of nonlinear optical signal processing. In addition, optical tapped-delay-line (TDL) as a key building block in digital signal processing is discussed. Utilizing TDL, optical Nyquist generation of 32-Gbaud QPSK signals, and one/two dimensional optical correlation of 20-Gbaud QPSK signals are performed.