gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Dependent Hydraulic Modelling for Water Distribution Systems under Abnormal Conditions (2006)

A water distribution system provides water services to customers under normal and abnormal conditions. It is important for water companies to be informed to what degree or level that a water system is able to supply its customers when an emergency or calamity scenario occurs. Such an abnormal event can cause one or more than one element out of service. When such an event occurs, pressure is often lower than the operating condition. Consequently the service can only be maintained to a certain level, the supplied demand is not as much as the expected before the outage is fully recovered. In this paper, a new approach is developed and presented to accurately simulate those abnormal events. Network hydraulic model is enhanced to simulate the actual demand according to the available pressure, so-called pressure dependent demand modelling, By applying the improved hydraulic modelling approach, engineers are able to analyze a variety of emergence conditions including the planned or unplanned system maintenance, outages of supply facilities (pipes, pumps and tanks) as well as disconnected customers. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the pressure dependent demand modelling approach.
In-situ characterization of red blood cell aggregation measured with high frequency ultrasound in type 2 diabetic patients (2010)

International audience
Ultrafast Intramolecular Energy Relaxation Dynamics of Benzoporphyrins: Influence of Fused Benzo Rings on Singlet Excited States (2011)

We have investigated the role of fused benzo rings on the electronic structures and intramolecular energy relaxation dynamics in a series of benzoporphyrins (Bp1, syn-Bp2, anti-Bp2, Bp3, and Bp4) by using time-resolved fluorescence measurements and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, even though anti- and syn-Bp2 have the same number of fused benzo rings, in the respective absorption spectra, anti-Bp2 shows an obvious splitting of B(x) (Q(x)) and B(y) (Q(y)) states, whereas syn-Bp2 exhibits degenerate B and Q bands. These features provide two dynamical models for the effect of the position of substituted benzo rings on the intramolecular energy relaxation dynamics. syn-Bp2 gives rise to similar intramolecular dynamics from the B state to the Q state in the case of ZnTPP having D(4h) molecular symmetry. On the other hand, anti-Bp2 shows split B and Q bands in the order B(y) > B(x) > Q(x) > Q(y), which leads a superimposition of the Q(x) (0,0) and Q(y) (1,0) bands. This overlap generates a strong coupling between these two states, which results in a direct internal conversion from B(x) (0,0) to Q(y) (0,0). This observation suggests that the anti-type fused position of benzo rings leads to a new mechanism in internal conversion from the B to the Q state. On the basis of this work, further insight was obtained into the effect of fused benzo rings on the photophysical properties of benzoporphyrins, providing a detailed understanding of the structure-property relationship in a series of benzoporphyrins.
Novel Calcium Half-Sandwich Complexes for the Living and Stereoselective Polymerization of Styrene (2001)

Tackling tacticity: The first well-defined heteroleptic benzylcalcium complex initiates the living polymerization of styrene. Chain-end control results in a polymer enriched in syndiotactic sequences. Stereo errors arise from fast inversion of the chiral carbanionic chain end. Increasing the styrene concentration accelerates the insertion and leads to a considerable reduction of the stereo errors.
Effect of Uniform Distribution of Fine Cementite on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Low Carbon Martensitic Steel Plates (2012)

The effect of uniform distribution of fine cementite on resistance of ultra-high strength steels to hydrogen embrittlement was studied. The materials used were directly-quenched and tempered 1 000-1 300 MPa class low carbon steel plates for welded structures with lath martensite structure. Cementite morphology was different at different heating rates to tempering temperatures. Finer cementite was distributed in rapidly-heated steels (20C/s) than in slowly-heated steels (0.3C/s). The rapidly-heated steels showed higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than the slowly-heated steels for a slow strain rate test (SSRT), whereas they showed almost the same resistance to hydrogen embrittlement for a constant load test (CLT). The specimens fractured in a plastic region for the SSRT, on the other hand, the CLT was conducted in an elastic region. The difference in hydrogen embrittlement resistance between plastic and elastic loading methods was concluded to result from a change in the hydrogen trap state at cementite in association with plasticity. Hydrogen is more strongly trapped at and/or around the strained interfaces between the matrix and cementite after plastic deformation. A close observation of fracture surfaces, hydrogen thermal desorption analysis and hydrogen microprint technique revealed that the high resistance of the rapidly-heated and tempered steels to hydrogen embrittlement for the SSRT is due to a shift of the fracture mode from quasicleavage fracture to ductile fracture. This shift was caused by the suppression of the quasi-cleavage fracture due to less hydrogen at lath boundaries accompanied by the uniform distribution of fine cementite.
A Spin-Free Square Planar Cobaltous Complex (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Spin-Free Square Planar Cobaltous ComplexHarry B. Gray, Raymond. Williams, I. Bernal, and E. BilligCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 18, 3596–3597Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00877a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00877a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views782Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Random multiple scattering of ultrasound. I. Coherent and ballistic waves (2001)

This is the first article in a series of two dealing with the statistical moments of ultrasonic waves transmitted through a disordered medium with resonant multiple scattering. Only the first-order moment is considered here. An ultrasonic pulsed wave is transmitted from a point source to a 128-element receiving array through two-dimensional samples with various thicknesses. The samples consist of random collections of parallel steel rods immersed in water. Experimental results show that the ensemble-averaged transmitted wave forms ("coherent wave") exhibit a time-dependent frequency spectrum. Within the independent scattering approximation, this is well explained by individual resonances of the scatterers. The coherent wave only appears after ensemble averaging and has to be distinguished from the "ballistic wave," i.e., the first well-defined pulse that crosses the sample, which can be measured on every realization of disorder. A physical interpretation is given, which is based on the separation of the coherent wave between a rigid and a resonant contribution.
The crevice model of cavitation inception (2021)

In Robert Apfel’s Ph.D. dissertation and in subsequent published articles, he demonstrated that if one chose a volume small enough—say a microdroplet—cavitation could not be generated even at elevated temperatures. He expanded the work of Harvey (J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 24, 23 (1944) who proposed the crevice model of cavitation nucleation. Recently, Lu demonstrated that the phenomenon of twinkling was due to the presence of trapped bubbles on solid concretions (Lu, et al., U. S. Med. Biol. 39, 1026 (2013). Subsequently, Simon demonstrated that twinkling occurred in humans (Simon, et al., U. S. Med. and Biol. 46, 1802 (2020). In this presentation, the crevice model will be reviewed and asserted that it is the principal model for inception of cavitation in mammalian tissue.
Preparation and chemical analysis of clinical-grade 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC, an emerging tracer for imaging of prostate cancers. (2016)

1117 Objectives 68Ga-labelled Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC (68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC, 68Ga-PSMA-11) has recently emerged as a promising new clinical PET radiotracer for detection of prostate cancer lesions expressing the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). 68Ga-PSMA-11 has higher specificity than 18F- or 11C-choline or 11C-acetate, which have previously been used to image recurrent prostate cancer. Therefore, we implemented and analyzed the radiosynthesis of 68Ga-PSMA-11 for regulatory purposes. The final procedure was submitted for subsequent Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC) and Investigational New Drug (IND) approvals. Here we report our initial radiochemistry experience with clinical-grade 68Ga-PSMA-11. Methods We produced clinical-grade 68Ga-labeled PSMA-11 using an automated cassette-based platform. After the final product is purified by solid phase extraction, it is formulated and aseptically sterilized for injection. We separated trace UV impurities by analytical HPLC. Each fraction was concentrated and then analyzed by MALDI-MS. For human injection, quality control and release criteria were set according to USP . Final product was administered and screened in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BCRPC). Results /b> The cassette-based synthesis takes less than 20 minutes from generator elution to final formulation with good reproducibility in quality of final product. Radiochemical purity is determined by HPLC as the sum of two diastereomers (97.3% ± 0.7%, n=9); product containing small fractions of the less thermodynamically favored diastereomer has been previously reported not to affect biological functionality. MALDI-MS results identified the UV impurities as derivatives of the PSMA-HBED-CC precursor. The radiochemical yield was 87% ± 4% (decay-corrected to start-of-synthesis, n=9). The final formulated batches met all acceptance criteria prior to release for human use and were successfully evaluated in BCRPC patients. Conclusions CONCLUSIONS: We successfully implemented a simple and reliable radiosynthesis for clinical-grade 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC (68Ga-PSMA-11) using a cassette-based platform. Clinical 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT scanning resulted in high quality images in all patients scanned to date.
Penetration of Natural Prostaglandins and Their Ester Prodrugs and Analogs Across Human Ocular Tissues in Vitro (1998)

The objective of this study was to assess the corneal and scleral permeabilities of natural prostaglandins as well as their prodrugs and analogs through human cornea and sclera in vitro. The "apparent permeability coefficients" (Papp) of natural prostaglandins (PGF2alpha, PGD2 and PGE2), ester prodrugs of PGF2alpha (1-isopropyl PGF2alpha, 11-pivaloyl PGF2alpha and 11,15-dipivaloyl PGF2alpha) and four analogs (16-m-chlorophenoxy tetranor PGF2alpha, 17-phenyl trinor PGF2alpha, 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 and AH 13205) were measured using modified Ussing perfusion chambers and quantitative high performance liquid chromatography. Our results indicate that the corneal penetration of natural prostaglandins (PGs) is poor (the Papp values ranged from 1.65 x 10(-6) to 2.38 x 10(-6) cm/sec), while the PGF2alpha prodrugs showed higher corneal penetration than PGF2alpha. The 11-pivaloyl ester of PGF2alpha penetrated the cornea faster than both 1-isopropyl ester and the lipophilic 11,15-dipivaloyl ester. The PG analogs also showed poor corneal penetration (Papp values ranged from 0.696 x 10(-6) to 1.49 x 10(-6) cm/sec) except for AH 13205. All compounds tested showed good scleral penetration (Papp values ranged from 6.90 x 10(-6) to 17.1 x 10(-6) cm/sec) except PGF2alpha 11,15-dipivaloyl (Papp = 1.22 x 10(-6) cm/sec). The penetration profiles correlated well with tissue uptake ratios (ratio of final tissue concentration to initial dose) for all compounds except 11,15-dipivalate PGF2alpha. All ester prodrugs (but not the PGs and analogs) underwent corneal first-pass metabolism. The study results demonstrate that transcleral absorption may play a significant role in the ocular absorption of these compounds.
Relationship between substructure resistance and gas separation properties of defect-free integrally skinned asymmetric membranes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelationship between substructure resistance and gas separation properties of defect-free integrally skinned asymmetric membranesIngo Pinnau and William J. KorosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 8, 1837–1840Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00056a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00056a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views784Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cover Picture: A Microscopic, Continous, Optical Monitor for Interstitial Electrolytes and Glucose (ChemPhysChem 2/2003) (2003)

Abstract The cover picture shows one possible path of evolution of glucose sensing from a potentiometric glucose electrode through an analogous optical detector to a microscopic in vivo glucose monitor. An optical multisensing bar (called the “sliver sensor”) is being developed in Prof. Miklos Gratzl's laboratory at Case Western Reserve University, to support NASA's Space program. The tiny sliver contains color‐changing compartments that respond to pH, K + , and glucose levels in the interstitial fluid under the skin surface. The sliver, once inserted into the skin parallel to the surface, will be interrogated by a watchlike device placed on top of the skin. Reference compartments (only one being shown on the cover) will be used to subtract color changes due to skin absorption and scattering, so that the real color of the actual sensing pads can be reconstructed. The approach is an example of very simple telemetry across the skin. Since no wires or optical fibers cross the skin, no risk of track infection exists.
Discrepancies in the interpretation of clinical symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. A proposal for standardization (2005)

The new McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) incorporate detailed criteria for the interpretation and classification of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, but, in contrast, provide no instructions for the interpretation of clinical findings. Because MS according to the McDonald criteria is one of the primary endpoints in a large trial enrolling patients after the first manifestation suggestive for a demyelinating disease (BENEFIT study), it was decided to organize a centralized eligibility assessment for this trial. During this eligibility assessment it was observed that there were marked inconsistencies in the decisions of participating neurologists with respect to the classification of clinical symptoms as being caused by one or more lesions provoking discussions in about one in every five patients. This paper describes these inconsistencies and their sources, and recommends a systematic approach that attempts to reduce the variability in interpreting clinical findings.
Emotional and Behavioral Trajectories of 2 to 9 Years Old Children Born to Opioid-Dependent Mothers (2021)

Abstract Maternal opioid use in pregnancy has increased dramatically. Knowledge about children’s longer-term emotional and behavioral development after prenatal opioid exposure is scarce. A regional sample of 89 opioid-exposed and 104 non-exposed comparison children were studied prospectively at ages 2, 4.5, and 9 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by primary caregivers. Across all childhood assessments, opioid-exposed children obtained significantly higher total difficulties scores than non-exposed comparison children. Growth curve modeling revealed that, relative to their same age peers, opioid-exposed children’s emotional and behavioral difficulties significantly worsened over time. Moreover, fixed effects estimates showed that total difficulties trajectories were poorer for children subject to higher prenatal risk (Est = 1.78, 95% CI = [0.46, 3.09]) who were born to mothers with high levels of social adversity (1.11 [0.51, 1.71]), and were then raised in families characterized by high levels of psychosocial risk (1.94 [0.90, 2.98]) and unstable caregiving (1.91 [0.33, 3.48]). A complex set of pre- and postnatal processes contribute to opioid-exposed children’s emotional and behavioral development. Efforts to mitigate the long-term consequences of opioid use in pregnancy need to consider both children’s and their caregivers’ biopsychosocial risks.
TE-array—a high throughput tool to study transposon transcription (2013)

Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that transposon RNAs frequently originate within genomic TE units and do not primarily accumulate as a consequence of random 'read-through' from gene promoters. Moreover, we find TE expression is highly dependent on the tissue context. This suggests that TE expression may be related to tissue-specific chromatin states or cellular phenotypes. We anticipate that TE-array will provide a scalable method to characterize transposable element RNAs.
Formation of Transparent Silica—Polymer Hybrids Based on Siloxane-Containing Polyimides (1996)

The study of hybrid organic-inorganic materials becomes increasingly important as demands on conventional materials exceed their capabilities. Tailoring of organic polymers, using copolymers or polymer blends, will certainly not yield properties which surpass those of inorganic glasses in areas where they dominate, i.e. thermal stability, thermal expansion, or mechanical properties. However, hybrids which combine the advantages of polymers with those of inorganic compounds may offer solutions that overcome the problems associated with spin-on-glass or other sol-gel materials. Advantages and disadvantages of each hybrid component are listed in Tables I and II. Within such new hybrid materials, the organic polymer or oligomer may be physically or chemically connected to the inorganic network. The homogeneity and the physical properties of hybrid materials depend on the relative size and degree of connectivity of the organic/inorganic domains. Increased size of the minority domain diminishes the physical properties of the material, since as the domain
Electrophysiological biomarkers of neuromodulatory strategies to recover motor function after spinal cord injury (2015)

The spinal cord contains the circuitry to control posture and locomotion after complete paralysis, and this circuitry can be enabled with epidural stimulation [electrical enabling motor control (eEmc)] and/or administration of pharmacological agents [pharmacological enabling motor control (fEmc)] when combined with motor training. We hypothesized that the characteristics of the spinally evoked potentials after chronic administration of both strychnine and quipazine under the influence of eEmc during standing and stepping can be used as biomarkers to predict successful motor performance. To test this hypothesis we trained rats to step bipedally for 7 wk after paralysis and characterized the motor potentials evoked in the soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with the rats in a non-weight-bearing position, standing and stepping. The middle responses (MRs) to spinally evoked stimuli were suppressed with either or both drugs when the rat was suspended, whereas the addition of either or both drugs resulted in an overall activation of the extensor muscles during stepping and/or standing and reduced the drag duration and cocontraction between the TA and soleus muscles during stepping. The administration of quipazine and strychnine in concert with eEmc and step training after injury resulted in larger-amplitude evoked potentials [MRs and late responses (LRs)] in flexors and extensors, with the LRs consisting of a more normal bursting pattern, i.e., randomly generated action potentials within the bursts. This pattern was linked to more successful standing and stepping. Thus it appears that selected features of the patterns of potentials evoked in specific muscles with stimulation can serve as effective biomarkers and predictors of motor performance.
Surgical Treatment of Nonarticular Distal Tibia Fractures (2006)

Distal tibia metaphyseal fractures can be difficult to manage. Treatment selection is influenced by the proximity of the fracture to the plafond, fracture displacement, comminution, and injury to the soft-tissue envelope. Nonsurgical management is possible for stable fractures with minimal shortening. Indications for intramedullary nailing have expanded to include distal metaphyseal tibia fractures. Intramedullary nailing allows atraumatic, closed stabilization while preserving the vascularity of the fracture site and integrity of the soft-tissue envelope. Intramedullary canal anatomy at this level prevents intimate contact between the nail and endosteum, however, and concerns have been raised regarding the biomechanical stability of fixation and risk of malunion. Plate fixation is effective in stabilizing distal tibia fractures. Conventional techniques involve extensive dissection and periosteal stripping, which increase the risk of soft-tissue complications. Percutaneous plating techniques use indirect reduction methods and allow stabilization of distal tibia fractures while preserving vascularity of the soft-tissue envelope. External fixation is effective in the setting of contaminated wounds or extensive soft-tissue injury. Careful preoperative planning with consideration for fracture pattern and soft-tissue condition helps guide implant selection and minimize postoperative complications.