gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photon counting imagers based on high-fill-factor silicon geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays (2014)

Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have been used as single-photon-sensitive optical detectors for applications such as lidar imaging, laser spectroscopy, and optical communications. They are biased above the avalanche breakdown voltage, where the absorption of a single photon by the diode can trigger a self-sustaining avalanche discharge that can be digitized to count or time stamp the detection event. This digitization can be done in the pixel, thereby avoiding the readout noise associated with the use of analog circuits such as the charge sensing amplifiers used in CCDs and CMOS active pixel sensors.
RTL Hardware IP Protection Using Key-Based Control and Data Flow Obfuscation (2010)

Recent trends of hardware intellectual property (IP) piracy and reverse engineering pose major business and security concerns to an IP-based system-on-chip (SoC) design flow. In this paper, we propose a Register Transfer Level (RTL) hardware IP protection technique based on low-overhead key-based obfuscation of control and data flow. The basic idea is to transform the RTL core into control and data flow graph (CDFG) and then integrate a well-obfuscated finite state machine (FSM) of special structure, referred as ¿Mode-Control FSM¿, into the CDFG in a manner that normal functional behavior is enabled only after application of a specific input sequence. We provide formal analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed approach and present a simple metric to quantify the level of obfuscation. We also present an integrated design flow that implements the proposed obfuscation at low computational overhead. Simulation results for two open-source IP cores show that high levels of security is achievable at nominal area and power overheads under delay constraint.
NMR Structure of the N-terminal Domain of SUMO Ligase PIAS1 and Its Interaction with Tumor Suppressor p53 and A/T-rich DNA Oligomers (2004)

A member of the PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) family of proteins, PIAS1, have been reported to serve as an E3-type SUMO ligase for tumor suppressor p53 and its own. It also was proposed that the N-terminal domain of PIAS1 interacts with DNA as well as p53. Extensive biochemical studies have been devoted recently to understand sumoylations and its biological implications, whereas the structural aspects of the PIAS family and the mechanism of its interactions with various factors are less well known to date. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of the N-terminal domain (residues 1-65) of SUMO ligase PIAS1 was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The structure revealed a unique four-helix bundle with a topology of an up-down-extended loop-down-up, a part of which the helix-extended loop-helix represented the SAP (SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS) motif. Thus, this N-terminal domain may be referred to as a four-helix SAP domain. The glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay demonstrated that this domain possesses a binding ability to tumor suppressor p53, a target protein for sumoylation by PIAS1, whereas gel mobility assays showed that it has a strong affinity toward A/T-rich DNA. An NMR analysis of the four-helix SAP domain complexed with the 16-bp-long DNA demonstrated that one end of the four-helix bundle is the binding site and may fit into the minor groove of DNA. The three-dimensional structure and its binding duality are discussed in conjunction with the biological functions of PIAS1 as a SUMO ligase.
V220: Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using a Saline-Cooled Radiofrequency Device without Hilar Vascular Control (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session, Saturday, May 8, 2004, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2004V220: Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using a Saline-Cooled Radiofrequency Device without Hilar Vascular Control Yeh Hong Tan, Matthew D. Young, Steven A. Terranova, Glenn M. Preminger, and David M. Albala Yeh Hong TanYeh Hong Tan More articles by this author , Matthew D. YoungMatthew D. Young More articles by this author , Steven A. TerranovaSteven A. Terranova More articles by this author , Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author , and David M. AlbalaDavid M. Albala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37482-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "V220: Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using a Saline-Cooled Radiofrequency Device without Hilar Vascular Control." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 58 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 58 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Yeh Hong Tan More articles by this author Matthew D. Young More articles by this author Steven A. Terranova More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author David M. Albala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Viability of Bacillus subtilis Spores Exposed to Ultraviolet Light at Ocean World Surface Temperatures (2020)

This work investigated microorganism survival under temperature and ultraviolet (UV) radiation conditions found at the surface of ice-covered ocean worlds. These studies were motivated by a desire to understand the ability of resilient forms of life to survive under such conditions as a proxy for potential endogenic life and to inform planetary protection protocols for future missions. To accomplish this, we irradiated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> spores with solar-like UV photons at temperatures ranging from room temperature down to 11 K and reported survival fractions with respect to fluence. We observed an increase in survival at low temperatures and found that the inactivation rate follows an Arrhenius-type behavior above 60 K. For solar-photon fluxes and surface temperatures at Europa and Enceladus, we found that <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> spores would be inactivated in less than an hour when in direct sunlight.
Modular Fluted Tapered Stems in Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (2017)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
05421 Abstracts Collection – Data Always and Everywhere – Management of Mobile, Ubiquitous, Pervasive, and Sensor Data (2006)

From 16.10.05 to 21.10.05, the Dagstuhl Seminar 05421, Data Always and Everywhere - Management of Mobile, Ubiquitous, Pervasive, and Sensor Data, was held in the International Conference and Research Center, Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, all participants were given the opportunity to present their current research, and ongoing activities and open problems were discussed. This document is a collection of the abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar. Some abstracts offer links to extended abstracts, full papers, and other supporting documents. A separate companion document summarizes the seminar. The authors wish to acknowledge Victor Teixeira de Almeida, who served as collector for the seminar and thus played a key role in collecting materials from the seminar participants.
First steps in programming: a rationale for attention investment models (2003)

Research into the cognitive aspects of programming originated in the study of professional programmers (whether experts or students). Even "end-user" programmers in previous studies have often worked in organizations where programming is recognized to be demanding professional work-the term "power-user" recognizes this technical kudos. But as personal computers become widespread, and most new domestic appliances incorporate microprocessors, many people are engaging in programming-like activities in domestic or nonprofessional contexts. Such users often have less motivation and more obstacles to programming, meaning that they may be unlikely even to take the first steps. This paper analyses the generic nature of those first steps, and identifies the cognitive demands that characterize them. On the basis of this analysis the paper proposes the attention investment model, a cognitive model of programming that offers a consistent account of all programming behaviour, from professionals to end-users.
High Degree of Mitochondrial 3243 Mutation in Gastric Biopsy Specimen in a Patient With MELAS and Diabetes Complicated by Marked Gastrointestinal Abnormalities (2003)

A point mutation of mitochondrial DNA at nucleotide position 3243 has been shown to cause mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) (1). This mutation, however, is also found in maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) (2), which accounts for ∼1% of the diabetic population in Japan (3). The same point mutation of mitochondrial DNA causes a wide range of symptoms that have been suggested to be due to the difference in the degree of heteroplasmy; thus, the proportion of the mutant mitochondrial DNA is divergent among different tissues (4). Little evidence, however, is available …
X-ray diffraction analyses of titanium coatings produced by electron beam evaporation in neon and argon inert gases (2003)

Titanium coatings were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam evaporation in both argon and neon at pressures from 0.33 to 2.00 Pa and also under vacuum (4×10−4 Pa) conditions. X-ray diffraction was used to assess the effect of gas pressure on coating preferred orientation, microstrain, and crystallite size. The addition of either argon or neon increased the occurrence of other planes lying parallel to the surface in addition to the major (0 0 0 2) orientation obtained during vacuum evaporation. The microstrain in the films increased with crystallite size. A very small crystallite size was obtained from the vacuum-evaporated coating. In comparison with vacuum evaporation, however, crystallite size was observed to increase significantly with the introduction of either inert gas at 0.33 Pa and then reduce with increasing pressure. It is inferred that the change in crystallite size arises from metal cluster formation in the gas phase; larger clusters are suggested to form in argon.
The Dynamic Relationship of Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts in Fibronectin Accumulation at Primary and Metastatic Tumor Sites (2020)

In breast cancer (BC), tissue stiffening via fibronectin (FN) and collagen accumulation is associated with advanced disease progression at both the primary tumor and metastatic sites. Here, we evaluate FN production in 15 BC cell lines, representing a variety of subtypes, phenotypes, metastatic potentials, and chemotherapeutic sensitivities. We demonstrate that intracellular and soluble FN is initially lost during tumorigenic transformation but is rescued in all lines with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). Importantly, we establish that no BC cell line was able to independently organize a robust FN matrix. Non-transformed mammary epithelial cells were also unable to deposit FN matrices unless transglutaminase 2, a FN crosslinking enzyme, was overexpressed. Instead, BC cells manipulated the FN matrix production of fibroblasts in a phenotypic-dependent manner. In addition, varied accumulation levels were seen depending if the fibroblasts were conditioned to model paracrine signaling or endocrine signaling of the metastatic niche. In the former, fibroblasts conditioned by BC cultures with high EMP resulted in the largest FN matrix accumulation. In contrast, mesenchymal BC cells produced extracellular vesicles (EV) that resulted in the highest levels of matrix formation by conditioned fibroblasts. Overall, we demonstrate a dynamic relationship between tumor and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, in which the levels and fibrillarization of FN in the extracellular matrix are modulated during the particular stages of disease progression.
Thin Film Packaging atmosphere management by solder reflow sealing (2015)

Thin Film Packaging (TFP) is a cost effective packaging for MEMS, thanks to the wafer level process, the silicon area saving, and the compatibility with CMOS facilities. One of the most important steps in this process is the sealing of the cap release holes after etching of the sacrificial layer. Standard processes are not well suited for MEMS that require a very controlled and clean atmosphere's cavity or relatively high pressure like RF switches or accelerometers. Such devices have to operate at a certain pressure to fulfill specifications and are sensitive to contaminants that may compromise long term reliability.
Quilt-3.064: An open-label phase I study of PD-L1 t-haNK in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid cancers. (2020)

TPS3152 Background: Tumor cells can escape immunosurveillance through upregulation of PD-L1, which inhibits the proliferation and antitumor activity of T cells. T cells genetically altered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that recognize tumor-associated antigens have mediated potent responses in patients with hematologic cancers, but have shown limited efficacy in solid tumor cancers and can be associated with severe toxicity, ie, cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Like T cells, NK cells can be genetically modified to express CARs that can specifically recognize and lyse cancer cells. Unlike T cells, NK cell cytotoxicity does not require prior sensitization and is not HLA-restricted, making NK cells an attractive choice for clinical immunotherapy. In addition to their innate cytotoxicity, NK cells mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via expression of CD16. PD-L1 t-haNK is an off-the-shelf, human, allogeneic, NK cell line engineered to express a CAR targeting PD-L1. It can be easily and continuously expanded in culture and preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated effective PD-L1 CAR–mediated antitumor activity against PD-L1 + MDSCs. PD-L1 t-haNK has also been engineered to express the high-affinity variant of the Fcγ receptor (FcγRIIIa/CD16a 158V), and thus has enhanced CD16-targeted ADCC capabilities, particularly when combined with a monoclonal antibody. As such, a dual-targeted NK approach may be more effective at potentiating antitumor activity and reversing suppression in multiple cancers that express PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. Methods: This is a dose-escalation study of PD-L1 t-haNK in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid cancers, regardless of PD-L1 expression. Dose escalation will involve a standard 3 + 3 design. The primary objectives are to determine safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and designate a recommended phase 2 dose. Secondary objectives include estimates of preliminary efficacy by objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Subjects in Cohort 1 will receive ~2 × 10 9 PD-L1 t-haNK cells twice per week and assessed for dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). If no DLTs occur, the dose may increase to ~4 × 10 9 cells twice per week in Cohort 2. Dose expansion will occur when the MTD has been determined. PD-L1 t-haNK is administered by IV infusion in an outpatient setting. Enrollment in Cohort 1 has been completed (N = 6, &gt; 100 doses total) without DLTs or CRS. Enrollment into Cohort 2 began December 2019. Clinical trial information: NCT04050709 .
State-to-state reaction rates: Ba+HF(v=0,1) → BaF(v=0–12)+H (1976)

The Ba+HF→BaF+H reaction has been studied under single-collision conditions as a function of the reagent and product vibration in order to obtain state-to-state reaction rates. Using a beam + gas arrangement, the HF is pumped by a pulsed HF laser and the BaF product distribution is determined from its laser-induced excitation spectrum. The BaF product is found to retain an average of 64% of the initial reactant vibrational excitation, and the distribution of product states for Ba+HF(v=1) has a broad maximum shifted to v=6 from the value v=1 for Ba+HF(v=0). The implications of these results on various proposed reaction surfaces are discussed.
Phosphatidylserine Receptor Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Entry: AXL as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19 (2021)

Abstract Phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors enhance infection of a wide range of enveloped RNA viruses through virion-associated PS binding that is termed apoptotic mimicry. Here we show that this broadly shared uptake mechanism is utilized by SARS-CoV-2. Under ACE2lo conditions, expression of members of the TIM and TAM families of PS receptors synergized with ACE2 to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, PS receptors alone did not mediate infection. PS receptors enhanced SARS-CoV-2 binding to the surface of cells. While PS receptors did not interact directly with purified SARS-CoV-2 spike, addition of PS liposomes reduced entry of VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirions, providing evidence that PS/PS receptor interactions are mediating the effect. AXL being abundant on airway cell lines, we evaluated small molecule inhibitors of AXL signaling such as bemcentinib for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bemcentinib robustly inhibited virus infection of some lung cell lines that expressed AXL. This inhibition correlated well with inhibitors that block cathepsin activity, consistent with AXL-mediated uptake of SARS-CoV-2 into the endosomal compartment. RNAseq studies in Vero E6 and A549-hACE2 cells demonstrated that bemcentinib reduced SARS-CoV-2 transcripts dramatically. The ability of bemcentinib to decrease coronavirus infection in vivo was assessed using the betacoronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Liver titers and virus load of MHV were significantly inhibited by bemcentinib at day 5 of infection. In total, our findings provide evidence that PS receptors facilitate infection of the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and that inhibition of signaling of the PS receptor AXL has therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2.
Multiagent systems on the net (1999)

article Free Access Share on Multiagent systems on the net Authors: Anupam Joshi Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Univ. of Maryland Baltimore CountyView Profile , Munindar P. Singh North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NCView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 42Issue 3March 1999pp 38–40https://doi.org/10.1145/295685.295695Published:01 March 1999Publication History 26citation341DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations26Total Downloads341Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Salinity and hydraulic retention time induce membrane phospholipid acyl chain remodeling in Halanaerobium congolense WG10 and mixed cultures from hydraulically fractured shale wells (2022)

Bacteria remodel their plasma membrane lipidome to maintain key biophysical attributes in response to ecological disturbances. For <i>Halanaerobium</i> and other anaerobic halotolerant taxa that persist in hydraulically fractured deep subsurface shale reservoirs, salinity, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) are important perturbants of cell membrane structure, yet their effects remain poorly understood. Membrane-linked activities underlie <i>in situ</i> microbial growth kinetics and physiologies which drive biogeochemical reactions in engineered subsurface systems. Hence, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the effects of salinity and HRT on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of <i>H. congolense</i> WG10 and mixed enrichment cultures from hydraulically fractured shale wells. We also coupled acyl chain remodeling to membrane mechanics by measuring bilayer elasticity using atomic force microscopy (AFM). For these experiments, cultures were grown in a chemostat vessel operated in continuous flow mode under strict anoxia and constant stirring. Our findings show that salinity and HRT induce significant changes in membrane fatty acid chemistry of <i>H. congolense</i> WG10 in distinct and complementary ways. Notably, under nonoptimal salt concentrations (7% and 20% NaCl), <i>H. congolense</i> WG10 elevates the portion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in its membrane, and this results in an apparent increase in fluidity (homeoviscous adaptation principle) and thickness. Double bond index (DBI) and mean chain length (MCL) were used as proxies for membrane fluidity and thickness, respectively. These results provide new insight into our understanding of how environmental and engineered factors might disrupt the physical and biogeochemical equilibria of fractured shale by inducing physiologically relevant changes in the membrane fatty acid chemistry of persistent microbial taxa. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTSalinity significantly alters membrane bilayer fluidity and thickness in <i>Halanaerobium congolense</i> WG10.
Letters of wishes and understanding the purposes of a trust (2019)

The proper purpose rule assumes that it is possible to discern a clear purpose of a trust, which provides an everlasting framework in which the trustees are to operate their powers and discretions. The problem is that such a clear purpose is rarely specified in a modern discretionary trust and might be viewed as antithetical to much prized flexibility. There is little discussion in the leading authorities and texts on how to discern the purpose of powers. The editors of Underhill and Hayton state, under the heading ‘duty to exercise discretions only for purposes intended by the settlor’: … trustees must not exercise their powers other than for the purposes for which the settlor conferred those powers so that the trustees fulfil the settlor’s expectations. This is of particular significance where the settlor has provided his trustees with exceptionally broad flexible powers, though expecting them to be used for relatively narrow purposes: it may be said that he provides the trustee as conductor with a large orchestra of powers in the trust instrument but he expects the trustee to play only music of the type indicated by him, e.g. in a letter of wishes or in oral discussions with the trustees.1