gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesteryl Pullulan Encapsulated TNF-αNanoparticles Are an Effective Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant against Influenza Virus (2015)

We encapsulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a major proinflammatory cytokine, into cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) to prepare TNF/CHP nanoparticles. In this report, we describe the immune-enhancing capability of the nanoparticles to act as a vaccine adjuvant. TNF/CHP nanoparticles showed excellent storage stability and enhanced host immune responses to external immunogens. The nanoparticles were effective via the nasal route of administration for inducing systemic IgG1 as well as mucosal IgA. We applied the nanoparticles in a model experimental influenza virus infection to investigate their adjuvant ability. TNF/CHP nanoparticles combined with a conventional split vaccine protected mice via nasal administration against a lethal challenge of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus. Mechanistic studies showed that the nanoparticles enhanced antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and moderately induced the expression of inflammation-related genes in nasopharynx lymphoid tissue (NALT), leading to the activation of both B and T cells. Preliminary safety study revealed no severe toxicity to TNF/CHP nanoparticles. Slight-to-moderate influences in nasal mucosa were observed only in the repeated administration and they seemed to be reversible. Our data show that TNF/CHP nanoparticles effectively enhance both humoral and cellular immunity and could be a potential adjuvant for vaccines against infectious diseases, especially in the mucosa.
Risk Factors for Active Liver Disease in Hbeag-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Virus–Infected Patients (2000)

HBeAg-negative HBV carriers with normal ALT levels have a low risk of hepatitis relapse.
Direct Detection and Identification of Prosthetic Joint Infection Pathogens in Synovial Fluid by Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing (2018)

Metagenomic shotgun sequencing has the potential to transform how serious infections are diagnosed by offering universal, culture-free pathogen detection. This may be especially advantageous for microbial diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) by synovial fluid analysis since synovial fluid cultures are not universally positive and since synovial fluid is easily obtained preoperatively. We applied a metagenomics-based approach to synovial fluid in an attempt to detect microorganisms in 168 failed total knee arthroplasties. Genus- and species-level analyses of metagenomic sequencing yielded the known pathogen in 74 (90%) and 68 (83%) of the 82 culture-positive PJIs analyzed, respectively, with testing of two (2%) and three (4%) samples, respectively, yielding additional pathogens not detected by culture. For the 25 culture-negative PJIs tested, genus- and species-level analyses yielded 19 (76%) and 21 (84%) samples with insignificant findings, respectively, and 6 (24%) and 4 (16%) with potential pathogens detected, respectively. Genus- and species-level analyses of the 60 culture-negative aseptic failure cases yielded 53 (88%) and 56 (93%) cases with insignificant findings and 7 (12%) and 4 (7%) with potential clinically significant organisms detected, respectively. There was one case of aseptic failure with synovial fluid culture growth; metagenomic analysis showed insignificant findings, suggesting possible synovial fluid culture contamination. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing can detect pathogens involved in PJI when applied to synovial fluid and may be particularly useful for culture-negative cases.
Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions of .eta.3-Allyl Iron Tricarbonyl Anions with Carbon Electrophiles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions of .eta.3-Allyl Iron Tricarbonyl Anions with Carbon ElectrophilesSeok Chang, Jaeyon Yoon, and Maurice BrookhartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 1869–1879Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An organo-ruthenium grafted zinc-substituted tungstoarsenate (2009)

An unprecedented organo-ruthenium grafted asymmetric zinc-substituted sandwich-type tungstoarsenate, [{B-α-AsW9O34}{B-β-AsW8O31}{Zn4(OH)2(H2O)2}{(RuC6H6)3}]6− (1) has been synthesized and characterized, representing the fundamentally novel binding mode of Ru-coordination to a polyoxoanion fragment via Ru–O–W, Ru–O–Zn and Ru–O–Zn(W) bonds. Polyanion 1 represents the first example of a structurally characterized transition metal substituted sandwich-type polyoxometalate incorporated with organo-ruthenium.
Impedance-Based Detection of Corrosion in Post-Tensioned Cables: Phase 2 Extension of Sensor Development (2014)

A proof of concept was established for a sensor capable of using indirect impedance spectroscopy to detect the existence of corrosion in post-tensioned tendons. This development was supported by a combination of bench-top experiments performed on synthetic tendons, bench-top experiments performed in synthetic grout pore solutions for the same steel used in tendons, and modeling used to interpret impedance measurements and to simulate the signals obtained by the sensor. This work showed that indirect impedance can be used to observe differences in the impedance and differentiate between active and passive steel. Sensitivity to localized corrosion was found to be greatest when a current injection electrode is positioned directly above the corroding metal. Since the polarized area of steel was found to be a function of both frequency and the condition of the steel, it will be difficult to extract detailed reaction kinetics from the indirect impedance measurement, but the measurement will identify the presence of active corrosion. Bench-top measurements performed for ASTM A416 steel in aerated simulated pore electrolytes at pH of 13.6 showed a porous electrode behavior with a low rate of corrosion. In the absence of oxygen, the porous electrode behavior was also observed, but the corrosion rate increased. Experiments performed at elevated temperature showed an increase in the corrosion rate. This work provides guidance for the development of future models for interpretation of indirect impedance measurements.
Eye Tracking in Augmented Spaces: A Deep Learning Approach (2018)

The use of deep learning for estimating eye gaze in augmented spaces is investigated in this work. There are two primary ways of interacting with augmented spaces. The first involves the use of AR/VR systems; the second involves devices that respond to the user's gaze directly. This domain can overlap with AR/VR environments but is not exclusive to them and contains its own unique set of issues. Deep learning methods for eye tracking that are capable of performing with minimal power consumption are investigated for both problems.
Exploiting the Time-Reversal Operator for Adaptive Optics, Selective Focusing and Scattering Pattern Analysis (2012)

We report on the optical measurement of the backscattering matrix in a weakly scattering medium. A decomposition of the time reversal operator allows selective and efficient focusing on individual scatterers, even through an aberrating layer.
Synthesis and Toxicology of p‐Phosphonic Acid Calixarenes and O‐Alkylated Analogues as Potential Calixarene‐Based Phospholipids (2012)

Abstract A series of p ‐phosphonic acid calix[ n ]arenes 1 a–g bearing hydroxy groups, n =4 and 5, or alkyl chains of varying lengths at their lower rim, n =4, were synthesised, and in vitro assessments of their effect on cell viability in rat PC12 cells and primary cultures of mixed retinal cells were conducted. Compounds 1 a and 1 g , bearing hydroxy groups at their lower rim, displayed lower toxicity towards PC12 cells than their alkylated counterparts; concentrations of up to 1 mg mL −1 did not affect the number of viable cells. Mixed retinal cultures showed a higher susceptibility towards toxic effects for all calixarenes tested. Compound 1 b self‐assembles into nanofibres from a toluene solution, and 1 c assembles into micelles from an aqueous solution, with these nanoscale architectures showing potential applications for various biological roles, such as solubilising p‐ nitrophenol and curcumin.
Quantitative analysis of highly transient fuel sprays by time-resolved x-radiography (2003)

Microsecond time-resolved synchrotron x-radiography has been used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of optically turbid, multiphase, direct-injection gasoline fuel sprays. The combination of an ultrafast x-ray framing detector and tomographic analysis allowed three-dimensional reconstruction of the dynamics of the entire 1-ms-long injection cycle. Striking, detailed features were observed, including complex traveling density waves, and unexpected axially asymmetric flows. These results will facilitate realistic computational fluid dynamic simulations of high-pressure sprays and combustion.
A novel ‘social contract’ – An attempt to harmonize a sponsor's exploratory research with a clinical study participant's data rights (2022)

This concept establishes a participant's autonomy regarding access to genomic data and the disclosure of actionable incidental findings. The feasibility of EGRP will be tested and reassessed as it is deployed over the next few years.
Intracranial Air Correlates with Preoperative Cerebral Atrophy and Stereotactic Error during Bilateral STN DBS Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease (2011)

In bilateral STN DBS for PD, intracranial air may contribute to error in stereotactic accuracy especially on the second side. In addition, there is a correlation between the accumulated volume of intracranial air and the degree of cerebral atrophy.
Testing a novel bioactive marine nutraceutical on osteoarthritis patients. (2013)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slow, chronic joint disease characterized by focal degeneration of articular cartilage and alterations of the chemical and mechanical articular function and also major cause of pain and physical disability. There is clinical evidence that increasing dietary n-3 relative to n-6 may be beneficial in terms of symptom management in humans but not all studies conclude that dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation is of benefit, in the treatment of OA. Our recent studies highlight the effect of a biomarine compound (LD-1227) on MMPs, collagen metabolism and on chondrocyte inflammatory markers. Thus, the aim of the present work was to test such bioactive compound versus a common nutraceutical intervention (glucosamine/chrondroitin sulfate) in knee osteoarthritis patients. The patients population consisted of 60 subjects with a recent diagnosis of knee osteoarthririts of mild-moderate severity. Patients were randomized in a double-blind study comparing LD-1227 (group A) versus a mixture of glucosamine (500 mg), chondroitin sulfate (400 mg) (group B). Patients were allowed their established painkillers on demand. At 4, 9 and 18 weeks patients were evaluated as for: VAS score assessing pain at rest, and during physical exercise, Lequesne index, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale and KOOS scale. Moreover, serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-β, CRP, TNF-sR1 and TNF-sR2 were assessed. As compared to GC treatment, LD-1227 yielded a quicker and higher degree of improvement of the whole clinical indexes and a lower NSAIDs use at the end of the study. LD-1227 brought about also a more significant downregulation of the tested cytokines cascade. Taken overall, these data suggest that LD-1227 has the potential to be included in the nutraceutical armamentarium in the management of OA.
Tunable THz source based on frequency conversion in quasi-phase-matched GaAs (2006)

We report a new highly efficient source of frequency-tunable (0.5-3.5 THz) narrow-bandwidth terahertz wave packets with up to 1 mW average power, based on parametric down-conversion in quasi-phase-matched GaAs. Different lasers were employed as a pump source, including femtosecond OPA/DFG system (wavelength range 2-4&#956;m), Tm-fiber femtosecond laser (wavelength ~2&#956;m), and near-degenerate synchronously-pumped picosecond OPO system with extra- and intracavity THz generation. We prove experimentally that the optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency is fluence-dependent, with the scaling factor being the same for femtosecond (optical rectification) and picosecond (difference frequency generation) pump pulses, with optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency on the order of 0.1% per &#956;J.
Verification strategy for the Blue Gene/L chip (2005)

The Blue Gene®/L compute chip contains two PowerPC® 440 processor cores, private L2 prefetch caches, a shared L3 cache and double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM) memory controller, a collective network interface, a torus network interface, a physical network interface, an interrupt controller, and a bridge interface to slower devices. System-on-a-chip verification problems require a multilevel verification strategy in which the strengths of each layer offset the weaknesses of another layer. The verification strategy we adopted relies on the combined strengths of random simulation, directed simulation, and code-driven simulation at the unit and system levels. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques and our reasons for choosing them are discussed. The verification platform is based on event simulation and cycle simulation running on a farm of Intel-processor-based machines, several PowerPC-processor-based machines, and the internally developed hardware accelerator Awan. The cost/performance tradeoffs of the different platforms are analyzed. The success of the first Blue Gene/L nodes, which worked within days of receiving them and had only a small number of undetected bugs (none fatal), reflects both careful design and a comprehensive verification strategy.
Data from Telomerase Peptide Vaccination Combined with Temozolomide: A Clinical Trial in Stage IV Melanoma Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The study is a proof-of-principle trial evaluating toxicity, immune response, and clinical response in melanoma patients after combined therapy with temozolomide and the telomerase peptide vaccine GV1001. Our previous GV1001 trials showed immune responses in approximately 60% of lung or pancreatic cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-five subjects with advanced stage IV melanoma (M1B or M1C) received concomitant temozolomide and GV1001. Temozolomide was administered 200 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; orally for 5 days every fourth week, and GV1001 as eight injections over 11 weeks. Immune response was evaluated by delayed type hypersensitivity, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine assays. The immunologic responders continued monthly vaccination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The treatment was well tolerated. A GV1001-specific immune response was shown in 18 of 23 evaluated subjects (78%). Patients developing long-term T-cell memory survived more than those rapidly losing their responses. The immune response exhibited several characteristics of possible clinical significance including high IFNγ/IL-10 ratios, polyfunctional cytokine profiles, and recognition of naturally processed antigens. Survival compared favorably with matched controls from a benchmark meta-analysis (1 year: 44% vs. 24%, 2 years: 16% vs. 6.6%). The clinical responses developed gradually over years, contrary to what is expected from chemotherapy. Five patients developed partial tumor regression and six more recorded stable disease. One patient has no remaining disease on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans after 5 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The immunologic response rate is considerable compared with previous GV1001 trials without concomitant chemotherapy, although low toxicity is retained. The results warrant further studies of GV1001/temozolomide treatment and support the general concept of combining cancer vaccination with chemotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4568–80. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Computational simulation of the flow around a rocket body at high angle of attack (1986)

The flows around a rocket body at high angle of attack are simulated numerically by solving the threedimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The third-order upwind scheme is used to simulate the flow at high Reynolds number without any turbulence model . The range of Reynolds number computed here is from 1,000 up to 300,000. In the case of Re=300,000, complicated and asymmetric wake structure characterized by unsteadily separating vortex tubes is observed.
Intramolecularly crosslinked macromolecules—Formation and structure, characterization and particle properties (1993)

Abstract Reactive intramolecularly crosslinked macromolecules (RICM) (reactive microgels) have been synthesized by emulsion copolymerization. Besides 1,4‐divinylbenzene (1,4‐DVB), self‐emulsifying unsaturated polyesters (EUP) were used. In copolymerization of EUP and comonomers the diffusion rate of the latter influences the copolymerization rate of the growing species, if the initiator concentration is high and the water solubility of the difunctional comonomer is low. The compact structure of RICM is indicated by low slopes of log [\eta]/log w . Values of [\eta] of RICM are low and their molar masses high. [\eta] depends on the structure of RICM, e.g. pendent chains and crosslink density. Structures with pendent EUP chains could be confirmed by hydrolytic degradation. RICM may be stabilized electrostatically or sterically. Network chains of RICM from 1,4‐DVB are immobile.
Automated registration of low and high resolution atomic force microscopy images using scale invariant features (2014)

This paper introduces a method for registering scans acquired by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Due to compromises between scan size, resolution, and scan rate, high resolution data is only attainable in a very limited field of view. The proposed method uses a sparse set of feature matches between the low and high resolution AFM scans and maps them onto a common coordinate system. This can provide a wider field of view of the sample and give context to the regions where high resolution AFM data has been obtained. The algorithm employs a robust approach overcoming complications due to temporal sample changes and sample drift of the AFM system which becomes significant at higher-resolutions. To our knowledge, this is the first approach for automatic high resolution AFM image registration. Experimental results show the correctness and robustness of our approach and shows that the estimated transforms can be used to deduce plausible measures of sample drift.
Disparity of microaneurysm count between ultrawide field colour imaging and ultrawide field fluorescein angiography in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (2020)

UWF-FA detects threefold to fivefold more MAs than UWF-CI and identifies 1.6-3.5-fold more fields affecting DR severity. Differences exist at all DR severity levels, thus limiting direct comparison between the modalities. However, correcting UWF-FA MA counts substantially improves DR severity agreement between the modalities.
Decomposition of methanol on Ru(001) studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (1986)

The decomposition of methanol on Ru(001) is studied as a model surface reaction system. Laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) is used as a real-time probe of the surface reaction. The measurements yield a reaction activation barrier of 12 kcal/mole if a pre-exponential of 5 × 1011 s−1 is assumed, in the LITD experiment, the sample is prepared by saturating the Ru(001) surface at 100 K with methanol. The surface temperature is ramped linearly up to 400 K at 1.5 K/s.
(1R,1R')-2-exo-Mercapto-2'-thioxo-3-exo,3'-exo-bibornane, 2-Dehydro-2,2'-exo-epidithio-3,3'-bibornane and 2-endo,2'-exo-Epidithio-3,3'-bibornanylidene. Potential Antiviral Agents (1997)

The compounds 2,2′-exo-epidithio-1,1′,7,7,7′,7′-hexamethyl-3,3′-bibicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, C20H30S2, (2), and 2-endo,2′-exo-epidithio-1,1′,7,7,7′,7′-hexamethyl-3,3′-bibicyclo[2.2.1] heptanylidene, C20H30S2, (3), were prepared as potential antiviral agents and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. It has been shown previously, that there is a relationship between the strain energy of a C—S—S—C group, as measured by its planarity and the S—S bond length, and the antiviral activity of the compound containing this group. In general, the activity increases with the planarity of the group and as the disulfide bond distorts from a `normal' length. The values of the C—S—S—C torsion angle and S—S bond length for (2) and (3) are 56.1 (1)°, 2.056 (1) Å and 44.9 (2)°, 2.019 (2) Å, respectively. (1R,1R′)-2′-exo-mercapto-1,1′,7,7,7′,7′-hexamethyl-3-exo,3′-exo-bibicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-thione, C20H32S2, (1), is the intermediate compound necessary to obtain compound (2). The absolute configuration of each of the compounds was determined from the X-ray studies.
Determination of Catalytic Parameters for Hairpin Ribozymes (2003)

Ribozymes have been successfully designed to downregulate gene expression in vivo. To enhance the probability of success in vivo, the investigator should have available the ribozyme with the highest catalytic activity feasible. This can only be determined by in vitro assays for catalytic efficiency and engineering the ribozyme appropriately to optimize this catalytic efficiency. Catalytic efficiency is k cat/k m , where k cat is the turnover number of the reaction and k m the true Michaelis constant. The k cat and K m values are best obtained individually by measuring catalytic activity in reactions where ribozyme is limiting and a range of excess substrate concentrations are used such that the ribozyme turns over (). Functionally, k m is the substrate concentration required to achieve half-maximum reaction velocity (V max), and the turnover number k cat is obtained by dividing the V max by the ribozyme concentration (V max/[Rz]) since V max = k cat[Rz]. The k m is a combination of the individual rate constants comprising the overall reaction and, as such, does not reflect the rate of any given reaction step.