gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Angiogenesis and Microcirculation of High–Grade Glioma: An Intravital Multifluorescence Microscopic Approach in the Athymic Nude Mouse (1998)

The current study follows angiogenesis and microcirculatory changes associated with malignant glioma growth by means of an intravital fluorescence microscopic approach, which allows for the direct and continuous visualization of the glioma microvasculature and its quantitative analysis. Fluorescently labeled C6 rat glioma cells (5 x 10(5)) were implanted into dorsal skinfold chamber preparations of athymic nude mice. Glioma growth, vascularization, microhemodynamics, vascular permeability, and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were simultaneously followed over a 22-day observation period using intravital epiillumination microscopy and a multifluorescent labeling technique. Analysis of the process of glioma vascularization revealed three stages with distinct microvascular characteristics: avascular stage (days 0 to 6), lag of glioma growth but initial glioma-induced angiogenesis within the host tissue in peritumoral areas; early vascular stage (days 6 to 14), glioma cell proliferation associated with a spatially homogeneous development of a glioma microvasculature; and late vascular stage (days 14 to 22), exponential tumor growth and expansion (> 400 mm3) with high vascular densities in the peritumoral region and reduced vascularization (microvascular perfusion) in the glioma center. Within the center, the functional vessel length per area correlated inversely with glioma size (P < 0.01). In the peritumoral region, functional vessel length per area was independent of glioma size, indicating persistent, high angiogenic activity throughout the observation period. Thus, the microvasculature of mature gliomas revealed a microvascular zonal division with a progressive reduction of the functional vessel length per area within the tumor center. The perfusion failure of individual microvessels within the glioma center was partly compensated by an increase of diameters (P < 0.05), and thus by an increase of blood flow in these functional microvessels (P < 0.05) over time. Histologic analysis demonstrated both expanding and infiltrating growth patterns, as well as focal necroses on day 22. These are the first data from repeated in vivo analysis of glioma growth, vascularization, and microcirculation.
Alternatives to Thermal Curing in Diacetylene-Containing Carboranylenesiloxanes (2005)

The dilutions in crosslinking density in the thermally and thermo-oxidatively stable, diacetylene-containing inorganicorganic hybrid oligomers of poly(carboranylenesiloxanes) have resulted in rendering the network polymers derived from them elastomeric in nature. While the crosslinking reactions of the diacetylenes require high temperatures and protracted curing times, avenues of diacetylene-curing with less demanding conditions should add to the possibilities of their potential applications. Several alternative avenues for the curing of the diacetylenes have been explored and the preliminary results are reported.
Statolith Sedimentation Kinetics and Force Transduction to the Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum in Gravity-Sensing Arabidopsis Columella Cells (2009)

The starch statolith hypothesis of gravity sensing in plants postulates that the sedimentation of statoliths in specialized statocytes (columella cells) provides the means for converting the gravitational potential energy into a biochemical signal. We have analyzed the sedimentation kinetics of statoliths in the central S2 columella cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. The statoliths can form compact aggregates with gap sizes between statoliths approaching <30 nm. Significant intra-aggregate sliding motions of individual statoliths suggest a contribution of hydrodynamic forces to the motion of statoliths. The reorientation of the columella cells accelerates the statoliths toward the central cytoplasm within <1 s of reorientation. During the subsequent sedimentation phase, the statoliths tend to move at a distance to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) boundary and interact only transiently with the ER. Statoliths moved by laser tweezers against the ER boundary experience an elastic lift force upon release from the optical trap. High-resolution electron tomography analysis of statolith-to-ER contact sites indicate that the weight of statoliths is sufficient to locally deform the ER membranes that can potentially activate mechanosensitive ion channels. We suggest that in root columella cells, the transduction of the kinetic energy of sedimenting statoliths into a biochemical signal involves a combination of statolith-driven motion of the cytosol, statolith-induced deformation of the ER membranes, and a rapid release of kinetic energy from the ER during reorientation to activate mechanosensitive sites within the central columella cells.
Is Multi-Task Learning an Upper Bound for Continual Learning? (2023)

Continual learning and multi-task learning are commonly used machine learning techniques for learning from multiple tasks. However, existing literature assumes multi-task learning as a reasonable performance upper bound for various continual learning algorithms, without rigorous justification. Additionally, in a multi-task setting, a small subset of tasks may behave as adversarial tasks, negatively impacting overall learning performance. On the other hand, continual learning approaches can avoid the negative impact of adversarial tasks and maintain performance on the remaining tasks, resulting in better performance than multi-task learning. This paper introduces a novel continual self-supervised learning approach, where each task involves learning an invariant representation for a specific class of data augmentations. We demonstrate that this approach results in naturally contradicting tasks and that, in this setting, continual learning often outperforms multi-task learning on benchmark datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100.
Polyether and polyester polyol based glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane modified epoxy resins: Mechanical properties and morphology (1994)

Abstract A glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane prepolymer was synthesized and used to enhance the properties of epoxy resins. Some properties of glycidyl‐terminated PU/epoxy with polyether based (PPG) and polyester based (PBA) glycidyl‐terminated PU were investigated in this research. The polyether based glycidyl‐terminated PU(PPG) modified epoxy resin proved to be superior to conventional epoxy resins in improved impact strength and fracture energy, but not tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus. On the other hand, the polyester based glycidyl‐terminated PU(PBA) modified epoxy resin had increased mechanical properties while showing slight variation of impact strength and fracture energy. Different mechanisms for this behaviour are advanced in this paper.
Searching for a Needle in a Haystack: Predicting Security Vulnerabilities for Windows Vista (2010)

Many factors are believed to increase the vulnerability of software system; for example, the more widely deployed or popular is a software system the more likely it is to be attacked. Early identification of defects has been a widely investigated topic in software engineering research. Early identification of software vulnerabilities can help mitigate these attacks to a large degree by focusing better security verification efforts in these components. Predicting vulnerabilities is complicated by the fact that vulnerabilities are, most often, few in number and introduce significant bias by creating a sparse dataset in the population. As a result, vulnerability prediction can be thought of us preverbally “searching for a needle in a haystack.” In this paper, we present a large-scale empirical study on Windows Vista, where we empirically evaluate the efficacy of classical metrics like complexity, churn, coverage, dependency measures, and organizational structure of the company to predict vulnerabilities and assess how well these software measures correlate with vulnerabilities. We observed in our experiments that classical software measures predict vulnerabilities with a high precision but low recall values. The actual dependencies, however, predict vulnerabilities with a lower precision but substantially higher recall.
Base station assisted neighbor discovery in device to device systems (2017)

Neighbor discovery is an essential prerequisite for any device-to-device (D2D) communication. Unlike ad-hoc networks, the base station (BS) in D2D networks may facilitate the neighbor discovery process. However, device-to-BS channel states or device locations are not enough to provide BS with information on the channel quality between the devices. Thus, due to the inherent uncertainty of link quality between devices, the BS-assisted neighbor discovery cannot be treated as typical scheduling problem. In this paper, we investigate the assisted directional neighbor discovery in D2D networks. We first formulate the scheduling problem as an integer optimization problem that captures the uncertainty. Then we propose a greedy based centralized scheduling to determine directional pilot transmission instances. We also propose a one-way randomized discovery, where we choose the directional transmission probabilities based on two techniques, an intuitive and an optimized methods. Finally, we provide simulation results that assess the performance the schemes.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor enhancers support a transcription factor network predictive of clinical outcome (2018)

Activating mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases are hallmarks of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The biological underpinnings of recurrence following resection or disease progression beyond kinase mutation are poorly understood. Utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing of tumor samples and cell lines, we describe the enhancer landscape of GIST, highlighting genes that reinforce and extend our understanding of these neoplasms. A group of core transcription factors can be distinguished from others unique to localized and metastatic disease. The transcription factor HAND1 emerges in metastatic disease, binds to established GIST-associated enhancers, and facilitates GIST cell proliferation and KIT gene expression. The pattern of transcription factor expression in primary tumors is predictive of metastasis-free survival in GIST patients. These results provide insight into the enhancer landscape and transcription factor network underlying GIST, and define a unique strategy for predicting clinical behavior of this disease.
Noninvasive Pregestational Genetic Testing of Embryos Using Smart Sensors Array (2022)

Pregestational genetic testing of embryos is the conventional tool in detecting genetic disorders (fetal aneuploidy and monogenic disorders) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. The accepted clinical practice for genetic testing still depends on biopsy, which has the potential to harm the embryo. Noninvasive genetic prenatal testing has not yet been achieved. In this study, embryos with common genetic disorders created through IVF were tested with an artificially intelligent nanosensor array. Volatile organic compounds emitted by the culture fluid of embryos were analyzed with chemical gas sensors. The obtained results showed significant discrimination between the embryos with different genetic diseases and their wild-types. Embryos were obtained from the same clinical center for avoiding differences based on clinical and demographical characteristics. The achieved discrimination accuracy was 81% for PKD disease, 90% for FRAX disease, 85% for HOCM disease, 90% for BRCA disease, and 100% for HSCR disease. These proof-of-concept findings might launch the development of a noninvasive approach for early assessment of embryos by examining the culture fluid of the embryos, potentially enabling noninvasive diagnosis and screening of genetic diseases for IVF.
Unsymmetrical dienophiles and their reactions with ortho-quinodimethanes (1995)

Three unsymmetrical chiral dienophiles have been synthesized and their reactivities with α-hydroxy-ortho-quinodimethanes have been assessed. Thus, the methyl (S)-lactyl esters of trans-4-bromocrotonate and trans-4-acetoxycrotonate (1 and 2) and mono (methyl (S)-lactyl) fumarate 3 were synthesized. Each was reacted with α-hydroxy-o-quinodimethane and α-hydroxy-α-phenyl-o-quinodimethane. While reaction with α-hydroxy-o-quinodimethane gave synthetically useful yields of cycloadducts with high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity, the corresponding reactions with α-hydroxy-α-phenyl-o-quinodimethane were less successful. The reaction of 3 with α-hydroxy-α′-phenyl-o-quinodimethane also gave a mixture of cycloadducts. Keywords: ortho-quinodimethanes, lignans, Diels–Alder, asymmetric, lactate.
1207 NKp46 engaging Bicycle® NK-TICA™ drives targeted tumor cytotoxicity (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that can detect and eliminate tumor cells and bridge innate to adaptive immune responses. Bicycles are small (ca. 1.5 kDa), chemically synthetic, structurally constrained peptides discovered via phage display and optimized using structure-driven design and medicinal chemistry approaches. We have now applied this technology to identify Bicycles that bind specifically to a key activating receptor, NKp46. We term this new class of fully synthetic molecules Natural Killer tumor-targeted immune cell agonists (NK-TICA™) and herein we will describe their in vitro evaluation. <h3>Methods</h3> Using our unique phage display screening platform, we have identified high affinity, selective binders to NKp46. By conjugating the Bicycle® NK cell-engaging binders to model tumor antigen EphA2-binding Bicycle®, we have developed a bifunctional Bicycle® NK-TICA™ molecule. In in vitro functional assays, we evaluated the ability of the Bicycle® NK-TICA™ to induce NK cell activation and proliferation as well as cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production in NK-tumor co-culture assays. We similarly evaluated changes in EphA2 tumor binding affinity of the Bicycle® NK-TICAs in their ability to enhance NK immune response. <h3>Results</h3> We have developed novel modular compounds with high affinity and selectivity to NK cell receptors with specific tumor targeting capability. We demonstrate potent, selective binding of our Bicycles to receptor-expressing cells and the capability of the bifunctional molecule to induce NK cell function. With Bicycle’s novel NK-TICA™ compounds, we demonstrate engagement of NK cells, specific activation and function of NK cells, and enhanced tumor cytotoxicity across multiple tumor antigens, in a dose dependent manner. With changes in tumor binding affinity, we found changes in the activation of the NK cells in vitro. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have shown that when chemically coupled to a tumor antigen binding Bicycle®, the result is a bifunctional molecule (NK-TICA™) capable of directing potent and specific NK cell activation and kill in vitro.
Efficient Space-Time Codes Derived from Quasi-Orthogonal Structures (2006)

We propose a new class of block codes that outperforms known space-time block codes at low rates. The new codes are designed by starting with a quasiorthogonal structure, and then making certain modifications to increase the coding gain distance. By using appropriate rotations and set partitions for two quasi-orthogonal codes, and combining subsets of their codewords, we are able to obtain higher coding gain distance at a given rate, and thus improve performance. Simulations confirm the advantages of this code compared to other codes operating at the same rate and SNR. We also provide an efficient ML decoding algorithm for the new code.
Clinically feasible reconstruction of 3D whole-body PET/CT data using blurred anatomical labels (2001)

We present the results of utilizing aligned anatomical information from CT images to locally adjust image smoothness during the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) data. The ability of whole-body PET imaging to detect malignant neoplasms is becoming widely recognized. Potentially useful, however, is the role of whole-body PET in quantitative estimation of tracer uptake. The utility of PET in oncology is often limited by the high level of statistical noise in the images. Reduction in noise can be obtained by incorporating a priori image smoothness information from correlated anatomical information during the reconstruction of PET data. A combined PET/CT scanner allows the acquisition of accurately aligned PET and x-ray CT whole-body data. We use the Fourier rebinning algorithm (FORE) to accurately convert the 3D PET data to two-dimensional (2D) data to accelerate the image reconstruction process. The 2D datasets are reconstructed with successive over-relaxation of a penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) objective function to model the statistics of the acquisition, data corrections, and rebinning. A 3D voxel label model is presented that incorporates the anatomical information via the penalty weights of the PWLS objective function. This combination of FORE + PWLS + labels was developed as it allows for both reconstruction of 3D whole-body data sets in clinically feasible times and also the inclusion of anatomical information in such a way that convergence can be guaranteed. Since mismatches between anatomical (CT) and functional (PET) data are unavoidable in practice, the labels are 'blurred' to reflect the uncertainty associated with the anatomical information. Simulated and experimental results show the potential advantage of incorporating anatomical information by using blurred labels to calculate the penalty weights. We conclude that while the effect of this method on detection tasks is complicated and unclear, there is an improvement on the estimation task.
Wireless Network Coding: Opportunities and Challenges (2007)

Wireless networks suffer from a variety of unique problems such as low throughput, dead spots, and inadequate support for mobility. However, their characteristics such as the broadcast nature of the medium, spatial diversity, and significant data redundancy, provide opportunities for new design principles to address these problems. There has been recent interest in employing network coding in wireless networks. This paper explores the case for network coding as a unifying design paradigm for wireless networks, by describing how it addresses issues of throughput, reliability, mobility, and management. We also discuss the practical challenges facing the integration of such a design into the network stack.
PLANEJAMENTO, SÍNTESE E AVALIAÇÃO FARMACOLÓGICA DE COMPOSTOS HÍBRIDOS POTENCIALMENTE ATIVOS PARA O TRATAMENTO DA ANEMIA FALCIFORME (2007)

Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Julio de Mesquita Filho' - Unesp Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas Departamento de Farmacos e Medicamentos, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km.01 s/n - Campus Universitario, 14801-902 - Araraquara-SP
Oral Vaccination of Baculovirus-Expressed VP28 Displays Enhanced Protection against White Spot Syndrome Virus in Penaeus monodon (2011)

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is an infectious pathogen of shrimp and other crustaceans, and neither effective vaccines nor adequate treatments are currently available. WSSV is an enveloped dsDNA virus, and one of its major envelope proteins, VP28, plays a pivotal role in WSSV infection. In an attempt to develop a vaccine against WSSV, we inserted the VP28 gene into a baculovirus vector tailored to express VP28 on the baculovirus surface under the WSSV ie1 promoter (Bac-VP28). The Bac-VP28 incorporated abundant quantity (65.3 µg/ml) of VP28. Shrimp were treated by oral and immersion vaccination with either Bac-VP28 or wild-type baculovirus (Bac-wt). The treatment was followed by challenge with WSSV after 3 and 15 days. Bac-VP28 vaccinated shrimp showed significantly higher survival rates (oral: 81.7% and 76.7%; immersion: 75% and 68.4%) than Bac-wt or non-treated shrimp (100% mortality). To verify the protective effects of Bac-VP28, we examined in vivo expression of VP28 by immunohistochemistry and quantified the WSSV copy number by qPCR. In addition to that, we quantified the expression levels shrimp genes LGBP and STAT by real-time RT-PCR from the samples obtained from Bac-VP28 vaccinated shrimp at different duration of vaccine regime. Our findings indicate that oral vaccination of shrimp with Bac-VP28 is an attractive preventative measure against WSSV infection that can be used in the field.
Comparing a Pair of Paired Comparison Experiments: Examining the Validity ofWeb-Based Psychophysics (2011)

Paired comparison experiments are frequently used to gather observer preference data in many areas of image enhancement. However, due to the large quantity of comparisons each individual must complete, these experiments are typically carried out with few observers. Taking this method onto the web is a quick way of gaining a larger number of observers and preference judgements. This work examines the validity of web based paired comparisons and whether the loss of control over viewing conditions causes significantly different results.
Experimental Trials for the Future Railway Mobile Communication System in 5GRail Project (2023)

5GRAIL is an EU Horizon 2020 project and part of the funding call on 5G for Connected and Automated Mobility. The project aims at designing and testing the first prototypes of the Future Railways Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) which will become the worldwide standard for railway operational communications [1]. This paper aims at describing the lab environment that has been set-up for 5GRAIL, with a focus on the activities of the French partners as part of Work Package 4 and the kind of tests they have been committed to. Then, activities of Work Package 5 in scope of field tests to be performed in France will be discussed and illustrated with details on the operations led by the railway operator SNCF.
DFM requirements and solution roadmaps: the multilayer approach (2006)

Design For Manufacturability (DFM) has emerged as a major driver as the semiconductor industry continues on its historic scaling trend. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) Design Group has engaged in a major overhaul of the Design Technology Roadmap, including a completely new section focused on DFM. As part of that overhaul, it was observed that quantifying and road-mapping DFM requires effective yet simple models that can relate broad technology characteristics to specific circuit performances such as delay and power. In this article, we discuss the general topic of DFM roadmaps, and show a simple performance model built upon a canonical circuit and analytical solution that is parameterized such that it can address the DFM roadmap problem. We also show that for important model parameters such as threshold voltage, it may be necessary to apportion the various spaces of variability.
Striatin A, B, and C: novel diterpenoid antibiotics from Cyathus striatus; X-ray crystal structure of striatin A (1978)

Striatin A has been shown by X-ray structure analysis to contain a cyathin skeleton triple linked to a pentose unit; this result allows the assignment of structures to the closely related striatins B and C by n.m.r. spectroscopy.