gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QAID: Question Answering Inspired Few-shot Intent Detection (2023)

Intent detection with semantically similar fine-grained intents is a challenging task. To address it, we reformulate intent detection as a question-answering retrieval task by treating utterances and intent names as questions and answers. To that end, we utilize a question-answering retrieval architecture and adopt a two stages training schema with batch contrastive loss. In the pre-training stage, we improve query representations through self-supervised training. Then, in the fine-tuning stage, we increase contextualized token-level similarity scores between queries and answers from the same intent. Our results on three few-shot intent detection benchmarks achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Bilin attachment sites in the alpha and beta subunits of B-phycoerythrin. Amino acid sequence studies. (1984)

The amino acid sequence about the sites of attachment of all of the bilin prosthetic groups of the alpha and beta subunits of Porphyridium cruentum B-phycoerythrin has been determined. The sequences of five unique tryptic peptides, each carrying one phycoerythrobilin, are as follows: alpha-1 Ile-Asx-Lys-Cys*-Tyr-Arg alpha-2 Asx-Arg-Leu-Cys*-Val-Pro-Arg beta-1 Met-Ala-Ala-Cys*-Leu-Arg beta-2 Met-Ser-Phe-Ala-Ala-Gly-Asp-Cys*-Thr-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ser-Glu-Val-Ala-Gln-Tyr - Phe-Asp-Arg beta-3 Leu-Asp-Ala-Val-Asn-Ser-Ile-Val-Ser-Asn-Ala-Ser-Cys*-Met-Val-Ser-Asp-Ala - Val-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Cys*-Glu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Leu-Ile-Ser-Pro-Gly-Gly-Asn-Cys -Tyr- Thr-Asn-Arg where the designations alpha and beta refer to the subunit from which the peptide was derived. Cysteinyl residues involved in bilin attachment are indicated with an asterisk. The bilins in peptides alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 are attached to the peptide through a single thioether linkage to a cysteinyl residue. In contrast, the phycoerythrobilin on peptide beta-3 is attached through two thioether linkages to cysteinyl residues 10 residues apart. This appears to be the first report of a prosthetic group covalently bound to a polypeptide through two linkages separated by such a considerable distance in the linear sequence. The visible absorption spectrum of peptide beta-3 is red-shifted by about 10 nm relative to the spectra of the other four bilin peptides. Comparison of the sequences from B-phycoerythrin to sequences of several other biliproteins has revealed the presence of a number of invariant tyrosyl and arginyl residues near bilin attachment sites.
The Manifold Particle Filter for State Estimation on High-dimensional\n Implicit Manifolds (2016)

We estimate the state a noisy robot arm and underactuated hand using an\nImplicit Manifold Particle Filter (MPF) informed by touch sensors. As the robot\ntouches the world, its state space collapses to a contact manifold that we\nrepresent implicitly using a signed distance field. This allows us to extend\nthe MPF to higher (six or more) dimensional state spaces. Earlier work (which\nexplicitly represents the contact manifold) only shows the MPF in two or three\ndimensions. Through a series of experiments, we show that the implicit MPF\nconverges faster and is more accurate than a conventional particle filter\nduring periods of persistent contact. We present three methods of sampling the\nimplicit contact manifold, and compare them in experiments.\n
Activity of Posterior Lateral Line Afferent Neurons during Swimming in Zebrafish (2021)

Sensory systems gather cues essential for directing behavior, but animals must decipher what information is biologically relevant. Locomotion generates reafferent cues that animals must disentangle from relevant sensory cues of the surrounding environment. For example, when a fish swims, flow generated from body undulations is detected by the mechanoreceptive neuromasts, comprising hair cells, that compose the lateral line system. The hair cells then transmit fluid motion information from the sensor to the brain via the sensory afferent neurons. Concurrently, corollary discharge of the motor command is relayed to hair cells to prevent sensory overload. Accounting for the inhibitory effect of predictive motor signals during locomotion is, therefore, critical when evaluating the sensitivity of the lateral line system. We have developed an in vivo electrophysiological approach to simultaneously monitor posterior lateral line afferent neuron and ventral motor root activity in zebrafish larvae (4-7 days post fertilization) that can last for several hours. Extracellular recordings of afferent neurons are achieved using the loose patch clamp technique, which can detect activity from single or multiple neurons. Ventral root recordings are performed through the skin with glass electrodes to detect motor neuron activity. Our experimental protocol provides the potential to monitor endogenous or evoked changes in sensory input across motor behaviors in an intact, behaving vertebrate.
In Vitro Controllability of the MagScrew Total Artificial Heart System (2002)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro responses to preload and afterload of our total artificial heart (TAH), the MagScrew TAH. The TAH consists of two blood pumps and a control logic, developed at the Cleveland Clinic, OH, and the MagScrew actuator and its electronic control system, developed by Foster-Miller Technologies, Inc., Albany, NY. Tests were performed on a mock circulatory loop, using water as a test fluid. Preload sensitivity of the Mag-Screw TAH demonstrated a Frank-Starling response to preload in automatic mode. A peak flow of 10 L/min was obtained, with a left atrial pressure of 13 mm Hg. The relationship between right atrial pressure and left atrial pressure was well balanced when tested with a left bronchial shunt flow of 5% and a range of pulmonary artery and aortic pressures. With respect to afterload response, the left pump showed a relatively low sensitivity, which allowed the pump to maintain perfusion over a wide range of aortic pressures. The right pump, on the other hand, was much more sensitive to pulmonary artery pressure, which provided a measure of protection against pulmonary congestion. The very effective physiologic response of the MagScrew TAH is believed to result from employment of a left master, alternating ejection control logic, high inherent sensitivity of the blood pumps to atrial pressure, a lower effective stroke volume for the right pump, and a scaling of right side motor ejection voltage to 80% of that used for the left side ejection.
2D and 3D optimal parallel image warping (2002)

Spatial image warping is useful for image processing and graphics. The authors present optimal concurrent-read-exclusive-write (CREW) and exclusive-read-exclusive-write (EREW) parallel-random-access-machine (PRAM) algorithms that achieve O(1) asymptotic run time. The significant result is the creative processor assignment that results in an EREW PRAM forward direct warp algorithm. The forward algorithm calculates any nonscaling affine transform. The EREW algorithm is the most efficient in practice, and 16k processor MasPar MP-1 can rotate a 4 million element image in under a second and a 2 million element volume in 1/2 of a second. This high performance allows interactive viewing of volumes from arbitrary viewpoints and illustrates linear speedup.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LIM kinase‐2 targeting as a possible anti‐metastasis therapy (2004)

Specific targeting of metastatic and malignant properties of tumor cells by LIMK-2 ribozyme may serve as an effective therapy for invasive tumors with minimum effect on the surrounding normal cells.
Leakage aware Si/SiGe CMOS FinFET for low power applications (2018)

Leakage in Si/SiGe CMOS FinFET is examined. Si cap passivation effectively improves SiGe pFET Dit, subthreshold slope, and mobility, which improves pFET DC performance by 20%. SiGe GIDL is higher than Si by a factor of 9, though GIDL is limited to 50pA/um. SiGe GIDL reduction knobs to meet Si counterpart are demonstrated. The results open the door to the next stage of Si/SiGe CMOS FinFET such as low power and low leakage applications.
Selectivity of Cobalt-Based Non-Platinum Oxygen Reduction Catalysts in the Presence of Methanol and Formic Acid (2010)

The reaction selectivity of non-Pt based fuel cell oxygen reduction catalysts is studied in mixed methanol/O2 and formic acid/O2 environments. Technologically relevant fuel cell reaction processes are elucidated by combining experiment and theory. Structure-to-property correlations are established utilizing a mutivariant analysis technique (MVA) for catalyst surface species as determined by XPS and electrochemical performance parameters obtained in mixed reactant systems for a family of non-Pt fuel cell catalysts. Computations at the density-functional-theory (DFT) level support our experimental findings. We used first-principle simulations to explore the interactions of cobalt functionalized graphene with H2O2, O2, CO, and N2. We find that N2 and O2 adsorb as molecular species. In contrast H2O2 decomposes to form a strongly bound Co(OH)2 complex. O2 is intermediate, the oxygen−oxygen bond lengthens by ∼10% as compared to the gas phase and its binding energy (per atom) is less strong as compared to H2O2. Two distinct reactant adsorption processes are reported to occur in the respective methanol/O2 and formic acid/O2 systems. A noncompetitive reactant surface adsorption process is reported to occur in the methanol/O2 system whereas a competitive type adsorption process occurs in the formic acid/O2 environment.
Summary Abstract: Surface diffusion of cycloalkanes on Ru(001) (1988)

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Robustifying Kalman filter to rapidly adapt to significant changes in system model parameters of state-space models (2013)

A Kalman filter (KF) is state-of-the-art for estimating states of linear-Gaussian state-space models. The KF selects an expectation of a posterior probability density function of state and the expectation is an analytic solution for minimizing the square estimation error. The estimate of KF is therefore optimal, however, simultaneously inherits the problem of the variance/covariance matrix of the estimation error becoming too small as the filtering proceeds to some extent. In this paper, we tackle this problem by deliberately making a KF suboptimal in case of detecting a significantly large prediction error, which implies that the state estimate at this moment is no longer an expectation of the posterior probability density function. By this suboptimization, the resulting square estimation error becomes larger than that of the KF and we make the KF more responsive to upcoming observations. We call the new filter a robustified Kalman filter and demonstrate the revived ability to adapt to significant changes in system model parameters in a series of numerical experiments.
Kinetics of the degradation of electrical conductivity in polypyrrole (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the degradation of electrical conductivity in polypyrroleLynne A. Samuelson and Mark A. DruyCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 824–828Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00157a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
(3R)‐4‐[(3R)‐3‐Amino‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoyl] ‐3‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐1,4‐diazepan‐2‐one, a Selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Relationship of Soil Organic Matter Characteristics to Organic Contaminant Sequestration and Bioavailability (2000)

Abstract Sorption and desorption equilibria of phenanthrene with respect to three different types of geosorbents were measured, as were the rates of desorption and biological mineralization of this representative hydrophobic organic contaminant. The chemical nature of the organic matter associated with each geosorbent was characterized using solid state 13 C‐NMR spectrometry. The results of these studies reveal that both the desorption behavior and the microbial bioavailability of the sorbed contaminant are influenced by the physicochemical character of the organic matter. The more reduced and condensed the organic matter, the greater the extent of sorption‐desorption hysteresis, the slower the desorption rate, and the less readily bioavailable the sorbed contaminant. These observations are consistent with projections predicated on a dual reactive domain model introduced earlier to describe the sorptive reactivities of different types of soil/sediment organic matter with hydrophobic organic contaminants.
Self-Trapping of Supercontinuum Generated by Femtosecond Pulses in a Noble Gas (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. R. Ensley, D. A. Fishman, L. A. Padilha, S. Webster, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, "Self-Trapping of Supercontinuum Generated by Femtosecond Pulses in a Noble Gas," in International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper ThE28. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Multi‐block Copolymer Composed of Poly(tetrahydrofuran) and Poly(ethylene oxide) (2006)

Multi‐block copolymers consisting of poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) as the hydrophobic part and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the hydrophilic part were synthesized using lipase‐catalyzed polymerization. The self‐assembly micelle of the synthesized copolymer in the presence of water was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements suggested that the copolymers were associated in water to form polymeric micelles, and the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) value of the block copolymers was 0.0005–0.005 mg/ml.
Streptococcal Enzymes and Virulence (2018)

This chapter addresses the biological, biochemical and pathological properties of several of the most important streptococcal enzymes. It also discusses the possible role played by the combined action of enzymes and nonenzymic factors of streptococci in the initiation of tissue damage and in the pathogenesis of chronic sequelae characteristic of poststreptococcal syndromes. Most of the evidence on the role of Streptokinase-plasmin system in tissue damage and invasiveness of streptococci came from experimental models in laboratory animals. It is important to note that most laboratory animals which have been employed lack one or more of the serum factors involved in the generation of active plasmin. The majority of group A and several group C and G streptococci produce, during the logarithmic phase of growth, an extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (NADase), which splits the nicotinamide-ribose linkage of nicotinamide dinucleotide. The enzyme appears in cultures during the exponential phase of growth in both synthetic and non-defined media.
A Multifunctional Biocompatible Drug Candidate is Highly Effective in Delaying Pathological Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease in 5XFAD Mice (2017)

Our results indicate that SAS has the potential to delay progression of core pathological characteristics of AD in the 5XFAD mouse model.
Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation via Patch-Wise Contrastive Learning (2021)

We introduce a novel approach to unsupervised and semi-supervised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation. Unlike many earlier methods that rely on adversarial learning for feature alignment, we leverage contrastive learning to bridge the domain gap by aligning the features of structurally similar label patches across domains. As a result, the networks are easier to train and deliver better performance. Our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised and semi-supervised methods on two challenging domain adaptive segmentation tasks, particularly with a small number of target domain annotations. It can also be naturally extended to weakly-supervised domain adaptation, where only a minor drop in accuracy can save up to 75% of annotation cost.
Effects of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on endotoxin-induced fever and Escherichia coli-induced shock in rabbits (1995)

Binding of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) to endotoxin inhibits endotoxin-triggered responses. We investigated the effects of BPI on endotoxin fever and E. coli-induced septic shock in rabbits. Pre-incubation of endotoxin with BPI blocked fever compared to control rabbits (n = 6). A marked reduction in fever was also observed when BPI was injected before endotoxin. E. coli-challenge resulted in 66% mortality (n = 6); pre-treatment with BPI resulted in survival of all animals (n = 3). Mean arterial blood pressure was higher in BPI-treated compared to control rabbits. Comparable leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed with either BPI or vehicle treatment. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were similarly elevated in both BPI- and saline-treated rabbits. However, in BPI treated rabbits, peak TNF levels were 34 % lower compared to saline controls ( P &lt; 0.05). Further studies are warranted to assess whether BPI may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of septic shock.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates steroid sulphatase activity in HL60 and NB4 acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines by different receptor‐mediated mechanisms (2005)

Steroid sulphatase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of bioactive estrogens and androgens from highly abundant inactive circulating sulphated steroid precursors. Little is known about how the expression/activity of this enzyme is regulated. In this article, we show that of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 stimulates an increase steroid sulphatase activity in the HL60 myeloid leukaemic cell line that is inhibited by a specific nuclear VDR (VDRnuc) antagonist and unaffected by plasma membrane-associated vitamin D receptor (VDRmem) agonists and antagonists. 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-mediated up-regulation of steroid sulphatase activity in HL60 cells was augmented by RXR agonists, blocked by RXR-specific antagonists, and RAR specific agonists and antagonists had no effect. In contrast, the 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-mediated up-regulation of steroid sulphatase activity in the NB4 myeloid leukaemic cell line was unaffected by the specific VDRnuc and RXR antagonists, but was blocked by a VDRmem-specific antagonist and was increased by VDRmem-specific agonists. The findings reveal that VDRnuc-RXR-heterodimers play a key role in the 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-mediated up-regulation of steroid sulphatase activity in HL60 cells. However, in NB4 cells, VDRnuc-derived signals do not play an obligatory role, and non-genomic VDRmem-derived signals are important.
Radiation-hardened techniques for CMOS flash ADC (2014)

This work presents a rad-hard 4-bit 10MHz Flash ADC for space applications. The converter has been developed using rad-hardened techniques both at architecture and layout levels. The design takes into account the different effects of the radiation that could damage the circuits in harsh environments. The ADC has been integrated in a standard CMOS 0.18-μm technology by TowerJazz. The prototype has been tested with a custom methodology and showed a Total Dose immunity up to 300krad.
Chemokines and Chemotaxis (2017)

This chapter provides an overview of the chemokine superfamily with a particular focus on their role in the immune system. Concerning the chemokine receptor nomenclature, it was impractical to give a name based on its ligand because of the existence of multiple ligands for a single receptor. As the combinations of cell adhesion molecules and chemokines/chemokine receptors specify the kind of leukocytes to extravasate, the model is also referred to as the "address code model". The structures of many chemokines have been solved both by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography, revealing that all chemokines have a similar tertial structure that are stabilized by two disulfide binds formed between the cysteine residues. Memory/effector T cells are divided into two major subpopulations according to the surface phenotypes of L-selectin+CCR7+ and L-selectin-CCR7-. Interestingly, CCL19 and CCL21 that similarly act on CCR7 in terms of chemotaxis induction in vitro play different roles in vivo.
Determinants of quality of life in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (2009)

The objective of this study is to assess the association between tic severity, attention deficit disorder, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and quality of life (QOL) in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). GTS is a multidimensional disorder with disturbances in motor function and behavior. However, little is known about what variables are associated with QOL in these patients. We evaluated 56 outpatients with a diagnosis of GTS. The mean age was 10 (range 5-17 years). Tics were assessed with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Behavioral scales included the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version, Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) rating scale. The patient's parent also completed the TNO-AZL Children's Quality of Life scale (TACQOL). YGTSS scores ranged from 4 to 30, indicating mild to moderate tic severity. Motor and phonic tic ratings were not correlated with QOL. However, both ADHD and OCD were significantly related to QOL. Subanalysis of ADHD subtypes demonstrated that inattentiveness but not hyperactivity predicted lower QOL. When ADHD, Leyton OCD, and tic severity were considered simultaneously, tic severity remained non-significant, while both ADHD and OCD remained significant contributors to QOL. In summary, in patients with mild to moderate GTS, QOL relates primarily to co-morbidities of ADHD and obsessive-compulsive behavior. ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms, rather than hyperactivity symptoms, was associated with lower QOL. To improve QOL, clinicians must consider treatments of co-morbidities among tic patients.