gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Effect of Solid Electrocatalysts on Achieving Highly Energy‐Efficient Lithium–Oxygen Batteries (2021)

Nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O 2 ) batteries are regarded as a promising electrochemical energy storage technology because of largely defeating commercial Li‐ion batteries on theoretical energy density. However, due to the electrically insulating property of Li 2 O 2 , a typical discharge product in Li–O 2 batteries, high overpotential is inevitable upon charge. Nonetheless, catalysts could regulate the electrochemical formation pathways of Li 2 O 2 , and its morphology is closely bound with the energy required to dissociate. Meanwhile, in addition to Li 2 O 2 , alternative discharge products with inherently low dissociation energy can be produced by specific catalysts. Here, fundamental oxygen reduction routes in Li–O 2 batteries are focused on, catalyst‐dependent geometry formation of Li 2 O 2 is presented, and geometry‐related charge kinetics are disscussed. Products formed under specific catalysts are further explored with an emphasis on LiO 2 . Future directions to in situ study the electrocatalytic mechanism are subsequently proposed, and an energy system design based on oxygen redox reactions is conceived to provide new perspectives for future electrochemical energy technologies.
Rapid Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of D2O Metabolic Incorporation in a Single Bacterium (2020)

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed for treating infections with correct antibiotics and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we report a phenotypic platform that rapidly produces AST results by femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering imaging of deuterium oxide (D2O) metabolism. Metabolic incorporation of D2O into biomass in a single bacterium is probed in as short as 10 minutes after culture in 70% D2O medium, the fastest among current technologies. Single-cell metabolism inactivation concentration (SC-MIC) is obtained in less than 2.5 hours from colony to results. The SC-MIC results of 37 sets of samples, which include 8 major bacterial species and 14 different antibiotics often encountered in clinic, are validated by standard minimal inhibitory concentration blindly measured via broth microdilution. Towards clinical translation, SRS imaging of D2O metabolic incorporation and SC-MIC determination after 1-h antibiotics treatment and 30-minutes mixture of D2O and antibiotics incubation of bacteria in urine or whole blood is demonstrated.
A low power transregional MOSFET model for complete power-delay analysis of CMOS gigascale integration (GSI) (2002)

A new compact transregional model for conventional surface channel inversion MOSFETs with continuous and smooth transitions at regional boundaries is introduced. The model, verified against MEDICI and HSPICE, describes all regions of operation, namely, subthreshold, linear, and saturation while including the effects of 1) carrier velocity saturation, 2) vertical and lateral high field mobility degradation, and 3) threshold voltage roll-off, all prominent characteristics of sub-micron devices. The key contribution of this model is the physical insight into the on/off current trade-off that ensues with voltage scaling and will be vital to future low power design. Utilizing the model for a complete power-delay analysis of CMOS circuit designs, analytical expressions are derived for: 1) propagation delay, 2) short circuit power (P/sub SC/), and 3) static power (P/sub Static/). Results from the total power (P/sub Total/) consumption analysis indicate that P/sub SC/ and P/sub Static/ may constitute over 1/3 of P/sub Total/ in future low power/high performance CMOS GSI.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Melanoma Cells (2014)

Melanoma is an invasive malignancy with a high frequency of blood-borne metastases, but circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have not been readily isolated. We adapted microfluidic CTC capture to a tamoxifen-driven B-RAF/PTEN mouse melanoma model. CTCs were detected in all tumor-bearing mice and rapidly declined after B-RAF inhibitor treatment. CTCs were shed early from localized tumors, and a short course of B-RAF inhibition following surgical resection was sufficient to dramatically suppress distant metastases. The large number of CTCs in melanoma-bearing mice enabled a comparison of RNA-sequencing profiles with matched primary tumors. A mouse melanoma CTC-derived signature correlated with invasiveness and cellular motility in human melanoma. CTCs were detected in smaller numbers in patients with metastatic melanoma and declined with successful B-RAF-targeted therapy. Together, the capture and molecular characterization of CTCs provide insight into the hematogenous spread of melanoma.
Management of ovarian cancer patients in affected areas during COVID-19 pandemic: Japan and Korea (2020)

1/5 https://ejgo.org Since after December 8, 2019 when the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, the number of infected cases has been strikingly increased. World Health Organization (WHO) declared a "public health emergency of international concern" at January 30, 2020 and a "global pandemic" at March 11, 2020. As of April 18, 2020, confirmed cases were 2,188,936 and confirmed deaths were 152,515 across 216 countries worldwide.
Phenolics with antiviral activity fromMillettia ErythrocalyxandArtocarpus Lakoocha (2004)

From the leaves of Millettia erythrocalyx, a new flavone named 3',5'-dimethoxy-[2",3": 7,8]-furanoflavone and three known compounds were isolated. Assays for anti-herpes simplex virus activity (HSV-1 and HSV-2) were performed on 24 phenolic compounds obtained from M. erythrocalyx and Artocarpus lakoocha. It was found that the flavones ovalifolin, pongol methyl ether and millettocalyxin A, and the stilbene oxyresveratrol possessed moderate activity against both types of HSV. In addition, oxyresveratrol was evaluated for potential anti-HIV activity against a wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1/LAI) isolate and was found to be a modest inhibitor of HIV (EC50 28.2 microM), showing no toxicity in PBM, CEM and Vero cells at 100 microM. The heartwood of A. lakoocha, which contains a large amount of oxyresveratrol, could be considered as a source of starting material for the development of new natural product-based anti-HSV and anti-HIV agents.
Sustainable AI: Environmental Implications, Challenges and Opportunities (2021)

This paper explores the environmental impact of the super-linear growth trends for AI from a holistic perspective, spanning Data, Algorithms, and System Hardware. We characterize the carbon footprint of AI computing by examining the model development cycle across industry-scale machine learning use cases and, at the same time, considering the life cycle of system hardware. Taking a step further, we capture the operational and manufacturing carbon footprint of AI computing and present an end-to-end analysis for what and how hardware-software design and at-scale optimization can help reduce the overall carbon footprint of AI. Based on the industry experience and lessons learned, we share the key challenges and chart out important development directions across the many dimensions of AI. We hope the key messages and insights presented in this paper can inspire the community to advance the field of AI in an environmentally-responsible manner.
Beamforming mmWave MIMO: Impact of Nonideal Hardware and Channel State Information (2018)

In this paper, we analyzed the impact of residual hardware impairments on the performance of different beamforming millimeter wave (mmWave) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) architectures. By modeling the residual impairments as a additional distortion noise, expression for the capacity for both hybrid beamforming and analog RF beamforming mmWave MIMO is obtained. For the analog RF beamforming, an analytical upper bound is derived. Additionally, the effect of nonideal channel state information is investigated. Performance of the beamforming mmWave MIMO are assessed through Monte Carlo simulations. Results confirm that hardware impairments are limiting the systems performance.
Plug-and-Play Power Management Control of All-Electric Vehicles Using Multi-Agent System and On-line Gaussian Learning (2018)

This paper presents a new architecture for the next-generation reconfigurable power management control (PMC) system for all-electric vehicles, which can handle the personalization and evolution of vehicle architectures in a plug-and-play (PnP) fashion. The proposed control system utilizes multi-agent system (MAS) for reconfigurability and integrates on-line model learning with Gaussian process. In the two case studies of PnP scenarios, one with limited power supply and another with excessive power supply, the simulation results suggest that the proposed PMC system is capable of stabilizing the system and performs better than the baseline controller. The improvement in performance over the baseline voltage-power droop controller can be up to 59% when parameters are optimized using on-line learning.
Investigation on Jet Breakup of High-Viscous Fuels for Entrained Flow Gasification (2016)

The present study focuses on the atomization behaviour of liquids in external mixing twin fluid nozzles and investigates a wide range of viscosities as well as different nozzle geometries at a gas to liquid ratio (GLR) typically used in entrained flow gasification. In a first stage experiments were performed using water and water-glycerol-mixtures as Newtonian model fuels with liquid viscosity up to 400 mPa s. Jet breakup was investigated qualitatively using a high speed camera as well as using a PIV and LDA-System for detailed quantitative investigation of the flow field. Two different primary instabilities flapping and pulsating mode were detected which are dependent on operating conditions of the nozzle (e.g. GLR) and rheological properties of the liquid phase (e.g. liquid viscosity) as well as nozzle geometry. For better interpretation of the phenomena occurring during jet breakup a frequency-analysis of the primary instabilities was performed using the pictures of the high speed camera. In addition, compressible large eddy simulations (LES) were preformed to describe the experimental observations and to capture the morphology of the primary breakup as well as the important flow field characteristics. The numerical simulations were conducted by means of the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. A Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach was used to track the unsteady evolution and breakup of the liquid jet. Comparison of experimental and numerical results shows a good agreement concerning breakup frequency, velocity fields and morphology. The breakup frequency varied in a range of 430 to 757 Hz depending on operating condition and nozzle geometry. Based on these results a more detailed understanding of the physics leading to liquid jet breakup and finally atomization process will be available.
An introduction to the xSDK, a community of diverse numerical HPC software packages (2019)

Extreme-scale computational science increasingly demands multiscale and multiphysics formulations, which in turn require many high-quality, robust, portable high-performance math libraries. However, without coordination, many libraries cannot be easily composed. The Extreme-scale Scientiﬁc Software Development Kit (xSDK) provides infrastructure for a collection of related and complementary software elements—developed by diverse, independent teams throughout the HPC community—that provide the building blocks, tools, models, processes, and related artifacts for rapid and efficient development of high-quality applications. This tutorial describes the development of the xSDK, while at the same time providing motivation and process for the general development of a software development kit. We discuss community policies that were defined to achieve improved code quality and compatibility across independently developed packages. We describe how to be included into the xSDK and the release process. Each software package is integrated into the xSDK using the Spack package manager. We describe the integration process together with common packaging workflows. We also provide some lessons learned by member package software developers on how to achieve xSDK compatibility as well as on the use of the xSDK in applications. Finally, we provide information on capabilities and usage of some of these libraries.
A molecular Legoland through halogen bonding (2008)

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention due to scientific interest in the creation of nanometer-sized spaces and for their potential application in molecular sieves, gas storage and heterogeneous catalysis. Besides porosity, stability and pore shape and size, pore surface functionalization and framework flexibility are currently considered to be one of the key factors for the next generation of PCPs. Some porous coordination polymers have dynamic nature and they can be developed as a unique class of materials such as highly selective gas sensors or gas separation compounds, which could not be obtained in a rigid porous material. To functionalize the channel surface two types of strategies are used; introduction of organic groups to provide guest-accessible functional organic sites (FOSs) and immobilization of coordinatively unsaturated (open) metal sites (OMSs). The use of OMS for Lewis acid catalysis and specific gas adsorption has been explored significantly in PCP but less attention has been devoted to the study of FOS, despite their importance. This is because of the difficulty of producing guest-accessible FOS on the pore surface, as organic groups tend to coordinate metal ions via a self-assembly process, resulting in frameworks in which FOSs are completely blocked. In most cases the framework flexibility results from coordination bonds, H-bonds, -electron stacking and van der Waals interactions. In this context, we have succeeded in obtaining several PCPs having FOSs and reported important properties characteristic of their organic functionality and flexibility.
Effect of Impeller Blade Loading on Compressor Stage Performance in a High Specific Speed Range (2011)

The authors previously found that compressor stage efficiency in a high specific speed range was significantly improved by employing an increased relative velocity diffusion ratio coupled with a high backsweep angle (Shibata et al., “Performance Improvement of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage by Increasing Degree of Reaction Optimizing Blade Loading of a 3D-Impeller,” ASME Paper No. GT2009-59588). In spite of such a high relative velocity diffusion ratio, the same surge margin as with a conventional design was able to be achieved by using a special front loading distribution with a lightly loaded inducer. In the present study, the blade loading distribution was further optimized in order to achieve a larger surge margin than previously. Four types of fully shrouded impellers were designed, manufactured, and tested to evaluate the effects of blade loading, backsweep angle, and relative velocity diffusion ratio on compressor performance. The design suction flow coefficient was 0.125 and the machine Mach number was 0.87. Test results showed that the developed impeller achieved 3.8% higher stage efficiency and 11% larger surge margin than the conventional design without reducing the pressure coefficient and choke margin. It was concluded that aft loading coupled with a high degree of reaction was a very effective way to improve surge margin as well as stage efficiency. Stator matching was also investigated by changing the design incidence angle, which was shown to have a little influence on surge margin in the present test results.
Molecular mechanisms of the preventable causes of cancer in the United States (2018)

Annually, there are 1.6 million new cases of cancer and nearly 600,000 cancer deaths in the United States alone. The public health burden associated with these numbers has motivated enormous research efforts into understanding the root causes of cancer. These efforts have led to the recognition that between 40% and 45% of cancers are associated with preventable risk factors and, importantly, have identified specific molecular mechanisms by which these exposures modify human physiology to induce or promote cancer. The increasingly refined knowledge of these mechanisms, which we summarize here, emphasizes the need for greater efforts toward primary cancer prevention through mitigation of modifiable risk factors. It also suggests exploitable avenues for improved secondary prevention (which includes the development of therapeutics designed for cancer interception and enhanced techniques for noninvasive screening and early detection) based on detailed knowledge of early neoplastic pathobiology. Such efforts would complement the current emphasis on the development of therapeutic approaches to treat established cancers and are likely to result in far greater gains in reducing morbidity and mortality.
Topology Control Algorithm considering Antenna Radiation Pattern in Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

Topology control is a key issue of wireless sensor network to reduce energy consumption and communication collision. Topology control algorithms in three-dimensional space have been proposed by modifying existing two-dimensional algorithms. These algorithms are based on the theoretical assumption that transmission power is radiated equally to the all directions by using isotropic antenna model. However, isotropic antenna does not exist, which is hypothetical antenna to compare the real antenna performance. In the real network, dipole antenna is applied, and because of the radiation pattern, performance of topology control algorithm is degraded. We proposed local remapping algorithm to solve the problem and applied it to existing topology control algorithms. Simulation results show that our algorithm increases performance of existing algorithms and reduces power consumption.
Porous ZnO/ZnCo2O4hollow spheres: synthesis, characterization, and applications in gas sensing (2014)

Dispersed porous ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres were successfully prepared by annealing the precursor, which was obtained via a facile one-step solvothermal method without any templates or surfactants. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurement showed that the crystal phase of the sample was a mixture of ZnO and ZnCo2O4. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the as-synthesized porous ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres had an average diameter of about 850 nm and were constructed from a large number of primary nanoparticles. To demonstrate the potential applications of such porous ZnO/ZnCo2O4 composites, the as-prepared products were used to fabricate a gas sensor that was then investigated for gas-sensing performances. Results of the test showed that this sensor had fast response kinetics to acetone at the operating temperature of 275 °C, and a high response to 100 ppm acetone, one that was about 4 times higher than that of sensors based on ZnO/ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles. The remarkable enhancement in the gas-sensing properties of the porous ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres was attributed to their unique structure.
Ceramic windows and gain media for high-energy lasers (2012)

Recent progress in high-quality transparent ceramic window materials (MgAl 2 O 4 spinel and β -SiC) and high-power solid-state laser materials (Yb 3+ ∶Y 2 O 3 , Yb 3+ ∶Lu 2 O 3 , and Ho 3+ ∶Lu 2 O 3 ) is reported. Spinel ceramic demonstrates a record low-absorption loss of 6 ppm/cm at 1.06 μm. The capability of fabricating various shapes and sizes of spinel ceramics is also demonstrated. We also report optical transparency from a β -SiC ceramic fabricated by field assisted sintering technology (FAST). We report lasing in hot-pressed Yb 3+ ∶Y 2 O 3 and Yb 3+ ∶Lu 2 O 3 ceramic made from coprecipitated powder. The highest ever reported output power and efficiency from 10% doped Yb 3+ ∶Lu 2 O 3 ceramic is also presented. Lasing oscillation from hot pressed composite of five-layered Yb 3+ ∶Y 2 O 3 ceramic is also demonstrated for the first time.
Abstract IA14: Novel therapeutic targets in prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract Recurrent fusions of ETS genes are considered driving mutations in a diverse array of cancers, including Ewing's sarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and prostate cancer. We investigate the mechanisms by which ETS fusions mediate their effects, and find that the product of the predominant ETS gene fusion, TMPRSS2:ERG, interacts in a NA-independent manner with the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and the catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase (DNAPKcs). ETS gene-mediated transcription and cell invasion require PARP1 and DNAPKcs expression and activity. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 inhibits ETS-positive, but not ETS-negative, prostate cancer xenograft growth. Finally, overexpression of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion induces DNA damage, which is potentiated by PARP1 inhibition in a manner similar to that of BRCA1/2 deficiency. Citation Format: Arul M. Chinnaiyan. Novel therapeutic targets in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Role of T-cell-associated lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis (2006)

The beta2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) is important for lymphocyte trafficking and activation as well as recruitment to sites of tissue inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess the role of 'T-cell-associated' LFA-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic colitis in vivo. Transfer of CD4+CD25- T cells isolated from wild-type (wt) mice into immunodeficient recipients [recombinase-activating gene-1-deficient (RAG-1-/-] produced moderate to severe colitis, whereas RAG-1-/- mice injected with CD11a-deficient (CD11a-/-; LFA-1-/-) donor T cells displayed minimal macroscopic and histological evidence of colitis. Surface expression of L-selectin, alpha4, alpha4beta7 and chemokine receptor-7 were similar for wt and CD11a-/- donor T cells. Attenuated disease in the CD11a-/- --> RAG-1-/- animals was associated with decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and intestinal lamina propria (LP). In addition, significant reductions in Th1 cytokines were observed following ex vivo stimulation of mononuclear cells obtained from the MLNs and colonic LP. Interestingly, mononuclear cells obtained from the spleens of CD11a-/- --> RAG-1-/- exhibited enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared with splenocytes obtained from wt --> RAG-1-/- colitic mice. Taken together, our data suggest that T-cell-associated CD11a (LFA-1) expression plays a dual role in the initiation of chronic gut inflammation by facilitating naive T-cell priming/activation and expansion within MLNs and by augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine production following secondary stimulation by antigen-presenting cells in the colonic interstitium.