gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic lightpath service provisioning with an adaptive protected working capacity envelope based on p-cycles (2006)

The problem of automatic provisioning of survivable service paths in a transport network in the face of random arrivals and departures, and fundamental traffic uncertainty, is a challenging and interesting problem for research. Essentially to date, only one basic approach is considered, that of provisioning a working path and then explicitly arranging a shared disjoint backup path for protection. This is done on every new connection arrival and is heavily dependent on synchronized network state databases and state dissemination to keep such databases current. The authors described an alternate approach to simplify the process of automatic survivable service provisioning scheme from the end users point of view. Under an adaptive protected working capacity envelope (AP-WCE), statistically stationary but random demand patterns require little or no state dissemination and protected service routing is no different than shortest path working routing. But under non-stationary evolution of the traffic load both spatially and temporally, a slow-acting background process of APWCE reoptimization occurs which keeps the logical configuration of both working envelope and protection overlay always as well matched to the actual traffic load pattern as possible within the finite amount of total as-built transmission capacity. The scheme is attractive as it is easily implemented by existing network control systems and is inherently more scalable to large networks and fast random demands than the current shared-backup scheme because no signaling or state update relating to protection is required on the timescale of individual connection requests. Any such signaling arises only on the timescale of the non-stationary evolution of the traffic load pattern itself.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites: Mechanism and Utility (2018)

Zeolites have been extensively studied for years in different areas of chemical industry, such as shape selective catalysis, ion-exchange, and gas adsorption and separation. Generally, zeolites are prepared from solvothermal synthesis in the presence of a large amounts of solvents such as water and alcohols in sealed autoclaves under autogenous pressure. Water has been regarded as essential to synthesize zeolites for fast mass transfer of reactants, but it occupies a large space in autoclaves, which greatly reduces the yield of zeolite products. Furthermore, polluted wastes and relatively high pressure due to the presence of water solvent in the synthesis also leads to environmental and safety issues. Recently, inspired by great benefits of solvent-free synthesis, including the environmental concerns, energy consumption, safety, and economic cost, researchers continually challenge the rationale of the solvent and reconsider the age-old question "Do we actually need solvents at all in zeolite synthesis?" In this Account, we briefly summarize our efforts to rationally synthesize zeolites via a solvent-free route. Our research demonstrates that a series of silica, aluminosilicate, and aluminophosphate-based zeolites can be successfully prepared by mixing, grinding, and heating starting solid materials under solvent-free conditions. Combining an organotemplate-free synthesis with a solvent-free approach maximizes the advantages resulting in a more sustainable synthetic route, which avoids using toxic and costly organic templates and the formation of harmful gases by calcination of organic templates at high temperature. Furthermore, new insights into the solvent-free crystallization process of zeolites have been provided by modern techniques such as NMR and UV-Raman spectroscopy, which should be helpful in designing new zeolite structures and developing novel routes for synthesis of zeolites. The role of water and the vital intermediates during the crystallization of zeolites have been proposed and verified. In addition to a significant reduction in liquid wastes and a remarkable increase in zeolite yields, the solvent-free synthesis of zeolites exhibits more unprecedented benefits, including (i) the formation of hierarchical micro-, meso-, and macrostructures, which benefit the mass transfer in the reactions, (ii) rapid synthesis at higher temperatures, which greatly improve the space-time yields of zeolites, and (iii) construction of a novel catalytic system for encapsulation of metal nanoparticles and metal oxide particles within zeolite crystals synergistically combining the advantages of catalytic metal nanoparticles and metal oxide particles (high activity) and zeolites (shape selectivity). We believe that the concept of "solvent-free synthesis of zeolites" would open a door for deep understanding of zeolite crystallization and the design of efficient zeolitic catalysts.
Pair connectedness and mean cluster size for continuum-percolation models: Computer-simulation results (1988)

We devise a new algorithm to obtain the pair-connectedness function P(r) for continuum-percolation models from computer simulations. It is shown to converge rapidly to the infinite-system limit, even near the percolation threshold, thus providing accurate estimates of P(r) for a wide range of densities. We specifically consider an interpenetrable-particle model (referred to as the penetrable-concentric-shell model) in which D-dimensional spheres (D=2 or 3) of diameter σ are distributed with an arbitrary degree of impenetrability parameter λ, 0≤λ≤1. Pairs of particles are taken to be ‘‘connected’’ when the interparticle separation is less than σ. The theoretical results of Xu and Stell for P(r) in the case of fully penetrable spheres (λ=0) are shown to be in excellent agreement with our simulations. We also compute the mean cluster size as a function of density and λ for the case of 2D, and, from these data, estimate the respective percolation thresholds.
Increased expression of adenylyl cyclase 3 in pancreatic islets and central nervous system of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats (2012)

Adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3) is expressed in pancreatic islets of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a spontaneous animal model of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and also exerts genetic effects on the regulation of body weight in man. In addition to pancreatic islets, the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of T2D and obesity by regulating feeding behavior, body weight and glucose metabolism. In the present study, we have investigated AC3 expression in pancreatic islets, striatum and hypothalamus of GK rats to evaluate its role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. GK and Wistar rats at the age of 2.5 mo were used. A group of GK rats were implanted with sustained insulin release chips for 15 d. Plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. AC3 gene expression levels in pancreatic islets, striatum and hypothalamus were determined by using real-time RT-PCR. Results indicated that plasma glucose levels in Wistar rats were found to be similar to insulin-treated GK rats, and significantly lower compared with non-treated GK rats. AC3 expression levels in pancreatic islets, striatum and hypothalamus of GK rats were higher compared with Wistar rats, while the levels were intermediate in insulin-treated GK rats. The AC3 expression display patterns between pancreatic islets and striatum-hypothalamus were similar. The present study thus provides the first evidence that AC3 is overexpressed in the regions of striatum and hypothalamus of brain, and similarly in pancreatic islets of GK rats suggesting that AC3 plays a role in regulation of glucose homeostasis via CNS and insulin secretion.
Isolated 170 as Pulse Generation in the XUV (2007)

We demonstrate generation of isolated XUV attosecond pulses in the sub-200 as regime (1 as = 10 -18 s). They are generated utilizing waveformcontrolled few-cycle laser pulses and advanced broad-band XUV multilayer optics.
Efficient kinetic experiments in continuous flow microreactors (2018)

Transient temperature and flowrates in continuous flow reaction systems allows for the rapid generation of kinetic data.
Mice deficient in the orphan receptor steroidogenic factor 1 lack adrenal glands and gonads but express P450 side-chain-cleavage enzyme in the placenta and have normal embryonic serum levels of corticosteroids. (1995)

The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is expressed in the adrenal cortex and gonads and regulates the expression of several P450 steroid hydroxylases in vitro. We examined the role of SF-1 in the adrenal glands and gonads in vivo by a targeted disruption of the mouse SF-1 gene. All SF-1-deficient mice died shortly after delivery. Their adrenal glands and gonads were absent, and persistent Mullerian structures were found in all genotypic males. While serum levels of corticosterone in SF-1-deficient mice were diminished, levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were elevated, consistent with intact pituitary corticotrophs. Intrauterine survival of SF-1-deficient mice appeared normal, and they had normal serum level of corticosterone and ACTH, probably reflecting transplacental passage of maternal steroids. We tested whether SF-1 is required for P450 side-chain-cleavage enzyme (P450scc) expression in the placenta, which expresses both SF-1 and P450scc, and found that in contrast to its strong activation of the P450scc gene promoter in vitro, the absence of SF-1 had no effect on P450scc mRNA levels in vivo. Although the region targeted by our disruption is shared by SF-1 and by embryonal long terminal repeat-binding protein (ELP), a hypothesized alternatively spliced product, we believe that the observed phenotype reflects absent SF-1 alone, as PCR analysis failed to detect ELP transcripts in any mouse tissue, and sequences corresponding to ELP are not conserved across species. These results confirm that SF-1 is an important regulator of adrenal and gonadal development, but its regulation of steroid hydroxylase expression in vivo remains to be established.
A comprehensive study of charge trapping in organic field-effect devices with promising semiconductors and different contact metals by displacement current measurements (2015)

A systematic and comprehensive study on the charge-carrier injection and trapping behavior was performed using displacement current measurements in long-channel capacitors based on four promising small-molecule organic semiconductors (pentacene, DNTT, C10-DNTT and DPh-DNTT). In thin-film transistors, these semiconductors showed charge-carrier mobilities ranging from 1.0 to 7.8 cm2 V−1 s−1. The number of charges injected into and extracted from the semiconductor and the density of charges trapped in the device during each measurement were calculated from the displacement current characteristics and it was found that the density of trapped charges is very similar in all devices and of the order 1012 cm−2, despite the fact that the four semiconductors show significantly different charge-carrier mobilities. The choice of the contact metal (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd) was also found to have no significant effect on the trapping behavior.
Activities of Several Classes of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates against Camelpox Virus Replication in Different Cell Culture Models (2007)

Camelpox virus (CMLV) is the closest known virus to variola virus. Here we report on the anti-CMLV activities of several acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) related to cidofovir [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC; Vistide)] against two CMLV strains, CML1 and CML14. Cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays performed with human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayers revealed the selectivities of the first two classes of ANPs (cHPMPA, HPMPDAP, and HPMPO-DAPy) and of the hexadecyloxyethyl ester of 1-{[(5S)-2-hydroxy-2-oxido-1,4,2-dioxaphosphinan-5-yl]methyl}-5-azacytosine (HDE-cHPMP-5-azaC), belonging to the newly synthesized ANPs, which are HPMP derivatives containing a 5-azacytosine moiety. The inhibitory activities of ANPs against both strains were also confirmed with primary human keratinocyte (PHK) monolayers, despite the higher toxicity of those molecules on growing PHKs. Virus yield assays confirmed the anti-CML1 and anti-CML14 efficacies of the compounds selected for the highest potencies in CPE reduction experiments. Ex vivo studies were performed with a 3-dimensional model of human skin, i.e., organotypic epithelial raft cultures of PHKs. It was ascertained by histological evaluation, as well as by virus yield assays, that CMLV replicated in the human skin equivalent. HPMPC and the newly synthesized ANPs proved to be effective at protecting the epithelial cells against CMLV-induced CPE. Moreover, in contrast to the toxicity on PHK monolayers, signs of toxicity in the differentiated epithelium were seen only at high ANP concentrations. Our results demonstrate that compounds belonging to the newly synthesized ANPs, in addition to cidofovir, represent promising candidates for the treatment of poxvirus infections.
Asymptotic Analysis Of Blind Cyclic Correlation Based Symbol Rate Estimation (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Antimicrobial Medical Textile - An Important Part of the Complex Infection Control Measures in the Burn Units (2017)

Burn wound infections are one of the most important and potentially serious complications that occur in the acute period following injury. Infection and sepsis are among the most significant causative factors in burn related mortality and morbidity. The improved techniques for burn patient management and effective hospital infection control measures increase survival rate for severely burned patients. The burned patient is at high risk for Nosocomial Infections (NCI) and is susceptible to colonization from organisms in the environment and have propensity to disperse organisms into surrounding environment.
On the value of spatial diversity for the synchronisation in MIMO-OFDM systems (2005)

This paper investigates the value of spatial diversity for the synchronisation in MIMO-OFDM systems. A preamblebased synchronisation scheme exploiting the available spatial diversity of a MIMO system is proposed and evaluated by simulation. It is shown that synchronisation becomes significantly more reliable compared to a system where only single antennas are used within the synchronisation process. The largest share of this improvement is achieved by exploiting receive diversity based on maximum ratio combining of the Schmidl-Cox correlation results at each receiving antenna; exploitation of transmit diversity leads to moderate further improvements.
Method and apparatuses for ion cyclotron spectrometry (2023)

An ion cyclotron spectrometer may include a vacuum chamber that extends at least along a z-axis and means for producing a magnetic field within the vacuum chamber so that a magnetic field vector is generally parallel to the z-axis. The ion cyclotron spectrometer may also include means for producing a trapping electric field within the vacuum chamber. The trapping electric field may comprise a field potential that, when taken in cross-section along the z-axis, includes at least one section that is concave down and at least one section that is concave up so that ions traversing the field potential experience a net magnetron effect on a cyclotron frequency of the ions that is substantially equal to zero. Other apparatuses and a method for performing ion cyclotron spectrometry are also disclosed herein.
Scientific and Technological Approaches to Searching for Extant Life in the Solar System (2017)

Future directions for investigations and measurements identified in the decadal survey Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 include direct methods to search for extant life. Within the framework a 35-year science vision for future decades extending into the 2020s and beyond, "Ocean Worlds" of the outer Solar System (e.g., Enceladus and Europa), as well as Mars, represent accessible targets that likely provide habitable environments that may support extant life. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) is currently developing a multi-dimensional approach, led by astrobiology scientists in the ARC Space Sciences Division, technologists in the ARC Exploration Technology Directorate, and small payload engineers in the ARC Mission Design Division, to enable the definitive detection of extant extraterrestrial life in future NASA missions.
IMAGING GUIDED BIOPSY OF RENAL MASSES: INDICATIONS, ACCURACY AND IMPACT ON CLINICAL MANAGEMENT (1999)

Image guided renal mass biopsy is safe, reliable and accurate, and it changes clinical management in many cases by avoiding nephrectomy or other surgical options. Radiologists should promote imaging guided biopsy as a potentially useful option for managing suspicious or indeterminate renal masses.
Visual Guided Navigation (1999)

Abstract : The problem of visual space perception is the recovery of the location, shape, size, and orientation of objects in the environment from the pattern of light reaching the eyes. Similarly, the problem of visual navigation is the recovery of an observer's self-motion with respect to the environment from the moving pattern of light reaching the eyes and the complex of extra-retinal signals including eye-muscle, neck-muscle, and vestibular signals. During the last two and a half years, we continued our theoretical and experimental investigations of human visual navigation and space perception. Our accomplishments include several publications in referred scientific journals, the completion of a rotating chair apparatus for use in studying visual-vestibular interactions, and the development of numerous software tools for the control of psychophysical experimentation including graphic display, control of external devices, and analysis of experimental data. These accomplishments are relevant to several aspects of the military aviation mission including 1) how the use of synthetic visual displays (virtual reality in the advanced cockpit, night-vision goggles, etc.) will affect perceived self-motion and spatial orientation, 2) how extra-retinal signals that occur in high-performance flying will affect perceived self-motion and orientation and 3) what visual properties synthetic displays will have to have to prevent or minimize spatial disorientation illusions.
Photochemically Active Polymers Containing Pendant Ethyl Phenylglyoxylate (1998)

Photoreactions of acrylic polymers containing pendant ethyl phenylglyoxylate groups at different distances from the polymeric backbone have been studied. Hydrogen abstraction between pendant groups by an excited triplet phenylglyoxylate carbonyl group from adjacent pendant groups is the primary process. The expected γ-hydrogen abstraction within one pendant group (the Norrish type II reaction) is not observed. The radicals formed react with each other to form cross-linked structures in the polymer. This effects solubility in various solvents which changes significantly after irradiation. The potential of the polymer as an imageable material has been evaluated.
Nano‐ and micro‐filled conducting adhesives for z‐axis interconnections: new direction for high‐speed, high‐density, organic microelectronics packaging (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of epoxy‐based conducting adhesives in z ‐axis interconnections. Design/methodology/approach A variety of conductive adhesives with particle sizes ranging from 80 nm to 15 μ m were laminated into printed wiring board substrates. SEM and optical microscopy were used to investigate the micro‐structures, conducting mechanism and path. The mechanical strength of the various adhesives was characterized by 90° peel test and measurement of tensile strength. Reliability of the adhesives was ascertained by IR‐reflow, thermal cycling, pressure cooker test (PCT), and solder shock. Change in tensile strength of adhesives was within 10 percent after 1,000 cycles of deep thermal cycling (DTC) between −55 and 125°C. Findings The volume resistivity of copper, silver and low‐melting point (LMP) alloy based paste were 5 × 10 −4 , 5 × 10 −5 and 2 × 10 −5 Ω cm, respectively. Volume resistivity decreased with increasing curing temperature. Adhesives exhibited peel strength with Gould's JTC‐treated Cu as high as 2.75 lbs/in. for silver, and as low as 1.00 lb/in. for LMP alloy. Similarly, tensile strength for silver, copper and LMP alloy were 3,370, 2,056 and 600 ψ , respectively. There was no delamination for silver, copper and LMP alloy samples after 3X IR‐reflow, PCT, and solder shock. Among all, silver‐based adhesives showed the lowest volume resistivity and highest mechanical strength. It was found that with increasing curing temperature, the volume resistivity of the silver‐filled paste decreased due to sintering of metal particles. Research limitations/applications As a case study, an example of silver‐filled conductive adhesives as a z ‐axis interconnect construction for a flip‐chip plastic ball grid array package with a 150 μ m die pad pitch is given. Originality/value A high‐performance Z ‐interconnect package can be provided which meets or exceeds JEDEC level requirements if specific materials, design, and manufacturing process requirements are met, resulting in an excellent package that can be used in single and multi‐chip applications. The processes and materials used to achieve smaller feature dimensions, satisfy stringent registration requirements, and achieve robust electrical interconnections are discussed.
Accurate Underwater Optical Ranging Through Scattering Using Tunable Structured Light Carrying Two Modes for Coarse and Fine Approaches (2023)

We propose accurate underwater optical ranging using z-dependent rotation of tunable structured beams to achieve coarse and fine approaches. Simulation results show an average ranging error of &lt;7 mm over 2 m through scattering ( γ = 4 m -1 ).
An acoustic echo canceler implemented with AT&T DSP16A (1989)

Acoustic echo control in teleconferencing and hand-free phone systems is not trivial because of its special characteristics. Many acoustic cancellation algorithms have been published in recent years but they are either of theoretical consideration or are computer simulations with complicated computation burdens, which makes real-time implementation impossible. In this paper, a two-band scheme is proposed to realize an acoustic echo canceler with an AT&amp;T WE DSP16A microprocessor. The structure of the algorithm is optimized so it can give an echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) of more than 25 dB. A double talk detector is developed with the subband adaptive algorithm so that it will ensure full duplex communication. Performance of this canceler is evaluated with both computer simulation results and real-time test results.
Modeling and simulation for small system integration of military and homeland security applications (2007)

A highly productive approach to small systems design and integration (SSDI), and modeling and simulation (M&S), based on rapid/interactive prototyping has been effectively used at Physical Optics Corporation (POC) to support small system development of "intellectual products" that cover a broad range of electromagnetic spectra (X-ray, optical, infrared, and microwave). In particular, the implementation of an accelerated interactive modeling (AIM) environment produces effective engineering solutions for tackling difficult and complex technical issues for combining 3D mechanical design and microwave engineering. In addition, using established small systems engineering principles and the effective use of collaborative input at the start of a development effort that incorporates a diverse range of areas like optics, mechanics, electronics, software, thermal modeling, electromagnetism, surface chemistry, and manufacturing plays an important role in the success of future military and homeland security applications.