gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic neural-network structure determination for pattern classification (2000)

Network structure determination is an important issue in pattern classification based on a probabilistic neural network. In this study, a supervised network structure determination algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts and runs in an iterative way. The first part identifies an appropriate smoothing parameter using a genetic algorithm, while the second part determines suitable pattern layer neurons using a forward regression orthogonal algorithm. The proposed algorithm is capable of offering a fairly small network structure with satisfactory classification accuracy.
An integrated 42-V drive design for automobile loads with a low-distortion overmodulation strategy (2006)

This paper (also presented at [27]) presents an integrated design approach to small drives for emerging 42-V automotive systems. The emphasis is on motors for ancillary loads. The final result offers a simple and low cost solution with high efficiency and high power density. Motor and inverter designs are combined to gain advantages in power factor and operating range. A near-minimum-distortion method is introduced for the overmodulation regime to improve power factor without sacrificing harmonic performance. The design is addressed in several steps: integration of the induction motor into a 42-V environment, selection of the inverter modulation scheme, and final system integration. The proposed system consists of an induction motor wound for the proper voltage range and driven by an inverter. The inverter is used partly in the overmodulation regime when bus voltage is low. A signal is formed based on triangle injection to minimize distortion. Some alternative modulation approaches are also analyzed and compared with the proposed solution. Experimental results confirm that a low-distortion overmodulation approach can be implemented successfully
Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of a Key Chiral Aldehyde Intermediate in the Synthesis of Picolinamide Fungicides (2019)

A highly stereoselective and efficient synthesis of (4S,5S,6S)-6-(benzyloxy)-5-phenoxy-4-propoxyheptanal, a key intermediate for syntheses of picolinamide fungicides, is described in this report. The synthesis features a scalable allylpropyl ether preparation, an efficient synthesis of the C1–C3 anti,syn-(S,S,S) stereotriad via a highly diastereoselective allylboration, and Cu-catalyzed phenylation of a sterically hindered secondary alcohol with BiPh3(OAc)2 followed by highly regioselective hydroformylation with the formation of a linear aldehyde. Excellent overall route efficiency was achieved (six steps and 39% yield) starting from readily available and inexpensive (S)-ethyl lactate.
Amplified Chiral Transformation through Helical Assembly (2007)

Majority rules: “Chiral amplification” in asymmetric transformations can be realized if a helical supramolecular polymer, derived from the substrate (S), obeys the “majority rule” in determining its handedness. This concept works properly for the asymmetric transformation of a chirality-memorizing D2-symmetric saddle-shaped porphyrin.
Passive optical coherence elastography using a time-reversal approach (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Background and motivation - Conventional Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) methods consist in launching controlled shear waves in tissues, and measuring their propagation speed using an ultrafast imaging system. However, the use of external shear sources limits transfer to clinical practice, especially for ophthalmic applications. Here, we propose a totally passive OCE method for ocular tissues based on time-reversal of the natural vibrations. Methods - Experiments were first conducted on a tissue-mimicking phantom containing a stiff inclusion. Pulsatile motions were reproduced by stimulating the phantom surface with two piezoelectric actuators excited asynchronously at low frequencies (50-500 Hz). The resulting random displacements were tracked at 190 frames/sec using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), with a 10x5µm² resolution over a 3x2mm² field-of-view (lateral x depth). The shear wavefield was numerically refocused (i.e. time-reversed) at each pixel using noise-correlation algorithms. The focal spot size yields the shear wavelength. Results were validated by comparison with shear wave speed measurements obtained from conventional active OCE. In vivo tests were then conducted on anesthetized rats. Results - The stiff inclusion of the phantom was delineated on the wavelength map with a wavelength ratio between the inclusion and the background (1.6) consistent with the speed ratio (1.7). This validates the wavelength measurements. In vivo, natural shear waves were detected in the eye and wavelength maps of the anterior segment showed a clear elastic contrast between the cornea, the sclera and the iris. Conclusion - We validated the time-reversal approach for passive elastography using SD-OCT imaging at low frame-rate. This method could accelerate the clinical transfer of ocular elastography.
Immunohistochemical localization of subtype 4a metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat and mouse basal ganglia (1999)

Recent studies suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) may play a significant role in regulating basal ganglia functions. In this study, we investigated the localization of mGluR4a protein in the mouse and rat basal ganglia. Polyclonal antibodies that specifically react with the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR4a were produced and characterized by Western blot analysis. These antibodies recognized a native protein in wild-type mouse brain with a molecular weight similar to the molecular weight of the band from a mGluR4a-transfected cell line. The immunoreactivity was absent in brains of knockout mice deficient in mGluR4. mGluR4a immunoreactivity was most intense in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. We also found a striking mGluR4a immunoreactivity in globus pallidus, and moderate staining in substantia nigra pars reticulata and entopeduncular nucleus. Moderate to low mGluR4a immunoreactivity was present in striatum and other brain regions, including hippocampus, neocortex, and thalamus. Double labeling with mGluR4a antibodies and antibodies to either a dendritic marker or a marker of presynaptic terminals suggest a localization of mGluR4a on presynaptic terminals. Immunocytochemistry at electron microscopy level confirmed these results, revealing that in the globus pallidus, mGluR4a is mainly localized in presynaptic sites in axonal elements. Finally, quinolinic acid lesion of striatal projection neurons decreased mGluR4a immunoreactivity in globus pallidus, suggesting a localization of mGluR4a on striatopallidal terminals. These data support the hypothesis that mGluR4a serves as a presynaptic heteroreceptor in the globus pallidus, where it may play an important role in regulating g-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) release from striatopallidal terminals. J. Comp. Neurol. 407:33–46, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Proteomics computational analyses suggest that the bornavirus glycoprotein is a class III viral fusion protein (γ penetrene) (2009)

These results suggest that G encoded by members of the Bornavirdae are class III VFPs (gamma-penetrenes).
Cold chain and virus‐free chloroplast‐made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes (2016)

The WHO recommends complete withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) type 2 by April 2016 globally and replacing with at least one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). However, high-cost, limited supply of IPV, persistent circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses transmission and need for subsequent boosters remain unresolved. To meet this critical need, a novel strategy of a low-cost cold chain-free plant-made viral protein 1 (VP1) subunit oral booster vaccine after single IPV dose is reported. Codon optimization of the VP1 gene enhanced expression by 50-fold in chloroplasts. Oral boosting of VP1 expressed in plant cells with plant-derived adjuvants after single priming with IPV significantly increased VP1-IgG1 and VP1-IgA titres when compared to lower IgG1 or negligible IgA titres with IPV injections. IgA plays a pivotal role in polio eradication because of its transmission through contaminated water or sewer systems. Neutralizing antibody titres (~3.17-10.17 log<sub>2</sub> titre) and seropositivity (70-90%) against all three poliovirus Sabin serotypes were observed with two doses of IPV and plant-cell oral boosters but single dose of IPV resulted in poor neutralization. Lyophilized plant cells expressing VP1 stored at ambient temperature maintained efficacy and preserved antigen folding/assembly indefinitely, thereby eliminating cold chain currently required for all vaccines. Replacement of OPV with this booster vaccine and the next steps in clinical translation of FDA-approved antigens and adjuvants are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Deprotection of Benzyl Esters. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Non-motor effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson’s patients (2019)

Abstract Introduction The existing white matter connectivity analyses of the subthalamic region have mainly included the motor effects of deep brain stimulation. We investigate white matter connectivity associated with the stimulation-induced non-motor acute clinical effects in three domains: mood changes, dizziness and sweating. Methods Using whole brain probabilistic tractography and seeding from the volumes of tissue activation, connectivity maps were generated and statistically compared across patients. The cortical voxels associated with each non-motor domain were compared with stimulation-induced motor improvements in a multivariate model. The resulting voxels maps were thresholded for false discovery (FDR q&lt;0.05) and clustered using a multimodal atlas. To understand the role of local pathways in the subthalamic region, a group level parcellation was performed for each non-motor domain. Results The non-motor effects are rarely observed during stimulation titration: from 1100 acute clinical effects, mood change was observed in 14, dizziness in 23, and sweating in 20. Distinct cortical clusters were associated with each domain, notably mood change was associated with voxels in salience network and dizziness with voxels in visual association cortex. The subthalamic parcellation yielded a medio-lateral gradient with motor parcel being lateral and the non-motor parcels being medial. We also observed an antero-posterior organization in the medial non-motor clusters with mood changes (anterior), dizziness and sweating (posterior). Conclusion We interpret these findings based on the literature and foresee these to be useful for shaping the electrical field with the imminent use of steerable DBS electrodes.
OFDM Numerology Design for 5G New Radio to Support IoT, eMBB, and MBSFN (2018)

5G New Radio (NR) access technology is envisioned to operate in sub-1 GHz to 100 GHz spectrum and support diverse use cases, including Internet-of-Things (IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and Multimedia-Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN). NR is currently being standardized in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In order to address diverse scenarios and deployments, a scalable CP-OFDM waveform has been approved in 3GPP as part of NR physical layer design for both uplink and downlink transmissions. The waveform is scalable in the sense that the sub-carrier spacing of OFDM can be chosen according to 15 × 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> kHz, where n is an integer and 15 kHz is the subcarrier spacing used in Long Term Evolution (LTE). The choice of integer-valued parameter n depends on various factors, including type of deployments, service requirements, hardware impairments, mobility, performance and implementation complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive discussion of the factors involved in the design of NR OFDM numerology to support eMBB, IoT, and MBSFN.
A Compact Ankle Exoskeleton With a Multiaxis Parallel Linkage Mechanism (2020)

This article proposes a compact ankle exoskeleton with a multiaxis parallel linkage mechanism. By applying torques to the ankle joint, it can generate dorsi- and plantar-flexion motions. The design variables of the mechanism were analyzed and optimized to accommodate up to 12 N·m of torque within a thickness constraint of 40 mm. The parallel linkage structure of the proposed mechanism requires that moving mechanical parts must be thin and located at the front of the shank. Using the data from foot pressure sensors, the device can recognize the gait phases. The output torque and angle data were collected to evaluate the performance of the device.
TFIID and human mediator coactivator complexes assemble cooperatively on promoter DNA (2002)

Activator-mediated transcription complex assembly on templates lacking chromatin requires the interaction of activators with two major coactivator complexes: TFIID and mediator. Here we employed immobilized template assays to correlate transcriptional activation with mediator and TFIID recruitment. In reactions reconstituted with purified proteins, we found that activator, TFIID, and mediator engage in reciprocal cooperative interactions to form a complex on promoter DNA. Preassembly of the coactivator complex accelerates the rate of transcription in a cell-free system depleted of TFIID and mediator. Our data argue that this coactivator complex is an intermediate in the assembly of an active transcription complex. Furthermore, the reciprocity of the interactions demonstrates that the complex could in principle be nucleated with either TFIID or mediator, implying that alternative pathways could be utilized to generate diversity in the way activators function in vivo.
Factors affecting cemented glenoid component loosening in total shoulder arthroplasty (2007)

The authors are analysing the radiological and clinical significance of radiolucent lines and their relationship with cemented glenoid component loosening in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The difficulties in radiological interpretation and evaluation of radiolucency are explained. In the literature different factors were analyzed clinically or biomechanically and proposed as potential causes of radiolucency and glenoid loosening. In this paper, the influence of surgical technique and glenoid implant are analyzed. The authors draw the conclusion that cause of the glenoid loosening is probably multifactorial and if meticulous attention is given to the surgical technique for TSA, the incidence of component loosening should decrease. Greater the reliability of initial glenoid fixation, probably greater is the chance the glenoid component has to resist the negative factors promoting glenoid loosening.
An autotransporter display platform for the development of multivalent recombinant bacterial vector vaccines (2014)

The successful efficient cell surface display of multiple antigens from various pathogenic organisms highlights the potential of Hbp as a universal platform for the development of multivalent recombinant bacterial vector vaccines.
Biochemical sensor tubing for point-of-care monitoring of intravenous drug infusion and urinary metabolites (2011)

Continuous monitoring of fluids in medical tubing is desired for point-of-care clinical diagnostics. In this work, we incorporate a nanostructured surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor into flexible tubing commonly used for intravenous drug delivery and urinary catheters. We investigate the detection of promethazine (pain medication) and urea (common metabolite found in urine) as model systems for continuous in-line monitoring.
Design of a cloverleaf antenna for an antenna coupled bolometer for room temperature THz imaging (2013)

THz-imaging enables promising applications in the medical and security domain, such as detectors for skin cancer or full-body scanners. These new possibilities arise the need for detectors in the THz frequency range. An antenna-coupled bolometer approach in a standard CMOS-SOI process, followed by a MEMS post CMOS process, is suggested to fabricate such a detector. Therefore, in this paper a cloverleaf shaped antenna design for the frequency range 0.5 THz to 1.5 THz is presented. Several design steps are shown together with measurement results regarding the influence of the MEMS process.
BGP Link-State extensions for BIER (1998)

Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that provides
optimal multicast forwarding through a without requiring
intermediate routers to maintain any multicast related per- flow
state. BIER also does not require any explicit tree-building protocol
for its operation. A multicast data packet enters a BIER domain at a
Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at
one or more Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers (BFERs). The BFIR router
adds a BIER header to the packet. The BIER header contains a bitstring
in which each bit represents exactly one BFER to forward the packet
to. The set of BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be
forwarded is expressed by setting the bits that correspond to those
routers in the BIER header. This document specifies extensions to the
BGP Link-state address- family in order to advertising BIER
information.
Abstract 1098: Delta-tocotrienol chemosensitizes human pancreatic tumor metastasis to gemcitabine targeting cancer stem cells (2017)

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer, a lethal malignancy is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The standard chemotherapy with gemcitabine is ineffective in patients with metastatic tumors. Pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and its recurrence following surgical extirpation. We have shown that natural vitamin E δ-tocotrienol is the most bioactive tocotrienols against pancreatic cancer in vitro as well as in vivo models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemosensitization of pancreatic tumor metastasis by δ-tocotrienol to gemcitabine in vitro as well as in vivo. Methods: In vitro human metastatic pancreatic cancer cells L3.6pl and pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSC) were treated with gemcitabine (5 μM) and δ-tocotrienol (50 μM) alone and in combination. Treated cells used for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration/invasion, microsphere/spheroid, and signaling markers assays. PCSC expressing luciferase was orthotopically implanted into pancreas of Athymic nude mice (n = 20) and after one week they were randomized into four groups: 1) vehicle control (ethanol extracted olive oil), 2) gemcitabine (100 mg/kg, IP, twice a week), 3) δ-tocotrienol (200 mg/kg, orally twice a day) and 4) gemcitabine + δ-tocotrienol. The treatment was continued for 4 weeks. The tumor volume, tumor weight, metastasis were recorded. Results: Gemcitabine slightly inhibited the growth, migration/invasion of L3.6pl and PCSC in vitro and PCSC tumor growth (tumor volume and weight) in vivo. δ-tocotrienol significantly inhibited the growth, microsphere/spheroid, migration/invasion, EMT(E-cadherin to vimentin), angiogenesis (VEGF), PCSC transcription factors (Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2), tumor growth and liver/lung metastasis compared to control. The combination of both drugs synergistically inhibited the cancer and stem cell growth, EMT, migration/invasion, microsphere/spheroid, metastasis, angiogenesis, and PCSC transcription factors in vitro as well as in vivo. Conclusion: Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol chemosensitizes human pancreatic tumor metastasis to gemcitabine through inhibition of EMT, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, cancer stem cell self-renewal, tumor growth and metastasis. Citation Format: Kazim Husain, Said M. Sebti, Mokenge P. Malafa. Delta-tocotrienol chemosensitizes human pancreatic tumor metastasis to gemcitabine targeting cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1098. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1098
Microthermometry of laser-heated Chinese hamster ovary cells and sperm cells (1995)

Microthermometric measurements on optically-trapped Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and sperms cells re reported, using a noninvasive microfluorometric detection technique. Within an optical tweezer system that has been outfitted with a spectral fluorescence excitation and detection capability, the changes in temperature induced by the process of sample confinement by a focused laser beam has been quantified over micron-sized spatial regions of both motile and immotile cells. Our measurement technique is based on the use of environmentally sensitive fluorophores that can be incorporated into the cell membrane and used to sense local changes in temperature when the cell membrane is perturbed optically or via other environmental stress factors. Using a cw 1.064 micrometers Nd:YAG laser for trapping CHO and human sperm cells, a temperature increase of approximately equals 1&deg;C per 100 mW laser power was observed. At this infrared wavelength, cellular heating as result of laser confinement appears to be mainly due to radiation absorption by water.
The size of the treatment effect: do patients and proxies agree? (2009)

Although the results need to be further explored in larger samples, these results do point towards possible use of proxy respondents to assess patient perceived treatment change at the group level.
Impact of circadian phase and prior wakefulness on cognition-related cerebral activity in humans. (2014)

peer reviewed