gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paired Learners for Concept Drift (2008)

To cope with concept drift, we paired a stable online learner with a reactive one. A stable learner predicts based on all of its experience, whereas are active learner predicts based on its experience over a short, recent window of time. The method of paired learning uses differences in accuracy between the two learners over this window to determine when to replace the current stable learner, since the stable learner performs worse than does there active learner when the target concept changes. While the method uses the reactive learner as an indicator of drift, it uses the stable learner to predict, since the stable learner performs better than does the reactive learner when acquiring target concept. Experimental results support these assertions. We evaluated the method by making direct comparisons to dynamic weighted majority, accuracy weighted ensemble, and streaming ensemble algorithm (SEA) using two synthetic problems, the Stagger concepts and the SEA concepts, and three real-world data sets: meeting scheduling, electricity prediction, and malware detection. Results suggest that, on these problems, paired learners outperformed or performed comparably to methods more costly in time and space.
Streptococcus suisinfections in humans: the Chinese experience and the situation in North America (2007)

Infections caused by Streptococcus suis are considered a global problem in the swine industry. In this animal species, S. suis is associated with septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and, occasionally, other infections. Moreover, it is an agent of zoonosis that afflicts people in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. Although sporadic cases of S. suis infection in humans have been reported, a large outbreak due to S. suis serotype 2 emerged in the summer of 2005 in Sichuan, China. A similar outbreak was observed in another Chinese province in 1998. Symptoms reported in these two outbreaks include high fever, malaise, nausea and vomiting, followed by nervous symptoms, subcutaneous hemorrhage, septic shock and coma in severe cases. The increased severity of S. suis infections in humans, such as a shorter incubation time, more rapid disease progression and higher rate of mortality, underscores the critical need to better understand the factors associated with pathogenesis of S. suis infection. From the 35 capsular serotypes currently known, serotype 2 is considered the most virulent and frequently isolated in both swine and humans. Here, we review the epidemiological, clinical and immunopathological features of S. suis infection in humans.
Quantitative analysis of electrophoretically separated proteins using Coomassie blue. (1978)

Electrophoresis of 125I-labelled rat albumin from 0.5 to 700 ng was performed with a 5 microliter capillary tube in which 4-40% continuous gradient polyacrylamide gel was prepared. The linear relationship was obtained by using double logarithm plots between protein amounts and densitometric areas of the protein bands stained with Coomassie blue. The radioactivities of the same gels and the protein amounts were also shown to be linear. In the case of rat gamma-globulin, the linear relationship was also obtained. As an applied example of this method, the urinary gamma-globulin excretion showed marked changes caused by the circadian rhythm in rats.
Transient and Steady-State Analyses of an Electrically Heated Topaz-II Thermionic Fuel Element (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Transient and steady-state analyses of electrically heated, Thermionic Fuel Elements (TFEs) for Topaz-II space power system were performed. The calculated emitter and collector temperatures, load electric power and conversion efficiency were in good agreement with reported data. The effects of Cs pressure, thermal power input, and load resistance on the steady-state performance of the TFE were also investigated. In addition, the thermal response of the ZrH moderator during a startup transient and following a change in the thermal power input was examined.&lt;/div&gt;
RESEARCH OF PRACTICAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR TUNNEL APPENDAGE WITH MEMS TECHNOLOGY (2016)

トンネル内附属物落下事故の教訓として，点検を定期的に行っていても，落下など第三者被害に結びつく構造物，附属物があることが判った．さらに，従来実施されている点検手法では，附属物を壁面に固定する後打ちボルトの健全性を十分に把握しきれないことも明らかにされた． 一方，経済的で高性能なセンサー類の技術向上が，社会インフラにおけるモニタリングの実用化を促進している． 本研究は，道路トンネル附属物のうち照明器具に着目し，MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)技術によるセンサーを活用したセンシング方法を提案し，実用性の検証を行った既往研究を踏まえ，既往研究時の課題を検証する実験を行うとともに，実用化を視野に入れたトンネル保全モニタリングシステムとしての提案を行った．
Role of Terminal Group Position in Triphenylamine-Based Self-Assembled Hole-Selective Molecules in Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

The application of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) as a charge selective layer in perovskite solar cells has gained tremendous attention. As a result, highly efficient and stable devices have been released with stand-alone SAMs binding ITO substrates. However, further structural understanding of the effect of SAM in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is required. Herein, three triphenylamine-based molecules with differently positioned methoxy substituents have been synthesized that can self-assemble onto the metal oxide layers that selectively extract holes. They have been effectively employed in p-i-n PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of up to 20%. We found that the perovskite deposited onto SAMs made by para- and ortho-substituted hole selective contacts provides large grain thin film formation increasing the power conversion efficiencies. Density functional theory predicts that para- and ortho-substituted position SAMs might form a well-ordered structure by improving the SAM's arrangement and in consequence enhancing its stability on the metal oxide surface. We believe this result will be a benchmark for the design of further SAMs.
MR imaging characterization of postischemic myocardial dysfunction („stunned myocardium”): Relationship between functional and perfusion abnormalities (1996)

Stunned myocardium has been detected in patients treated successfully with thrombolytic agents. The hypothesis of this study was that fast gradient echo (GRE) imaging could be used to characterize the regional functional and perfusion abnormalities that are indicative of myocardial stunning. This study was designed to monitor and correlate the extent of wall thickness and perfusion abnormalities as determined by fast (segmented k space) cine and contrast enhanced GRE imaging, respectively. Dogs were subjected to left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery occlusion (15 min) followed by 30-minute reperfusion (n = 8). Perivascular flow probes were used to continuously measure flow in left anterior descending (LAD) and LCX coronary arteries. Short-axis inversion recovery prepared fast GRE and cine images were acquired at baseline, at occlusion, and at 1, 10, and 30 minutes of reflow. Regional signal intensity and percent systolic wall thickening were determined at 26 equally spaced circumferential positions to compare the extent of functional and perfusion abnormalities. During occlusion and reperfusion, the ischemic region was demonstrated on contrast-enhanced images as a hypointense and hyperintense region, respectively. During occlusion, the extent of the perfusion defect (32% +/- 2% of the circumference of the equatorial slice) correlated closely (r = .74) with the extent of contractile dysfunction (35% +/- 2%). After reperfusion, there was transient recovery in the percent wall thickening (26% +/- 4% vs 36% +/- 4% normal), coinciding with the reactive hyperemic response, but this was followed by a significant decline in wall thickening at 10 minutes (19% +/- 4%) and 30 minutes (12% +/- 2%). Fast MR imaging may be useful to monitor postischemic myocardial abnormalities after thrombolytic therapy and the response to pharmacologic interventions.
Asia. Spirits and ships: Cultural transfers in early Monsoon Asia Edited by Andrea Acri, Roger Blench and Alexandra Landmann Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2017. Pp. ix + 577. Maps, Plates, Bibliographies, Index. (2022)

Asia. Spirits and ships: Cultural transfers in early Monsoon Asia Edited by Andrea Acri, Roger Blench and Alexandra Landmann Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2017. Pp. ix + 577. Maps, Plates, Bibliographies, Index.
The comparative study on the testing results between 2 analyzers for determining C reactive protein (2012)

Objective To evaluate the analysis performance of testing results between speed scattering turbidimetric method and transmitted immunoturbidimetric method for determining C reactive protein(CRP).Methods The speed scattering turbidimetric method(Siemens Healthcare Diagnostica BN-Ⅱ specific protein analyzer) and transmitted immunoturbidimetric method(Finland Orion Diagnostica QuikRead CRP analyzer) were used to determine CRP,and the precision,linearity,interference,correlation and bias were evaluated methodologically.Results The total coefficient of variation(CV) of the BN-Ⅱ specific protein analyzer was 6%,when the concentration of CRP was 2.0-80.0 mg/L.The total CV of the QuikRead CRP analyzer was 7%,when the concentration of CRP was 8.0-80.0 mg/L.The linearity range was 8.0-70.0 mg/L.Haemoglobin(Hb) 10 g/L and bilirubin(Bil) 300 mg/L had no significant interference(10%) for the assay.The interference(10%) was not significant to the BN-Ⅱ specific protein analyzer when triglyceride(TG) 20 mmoL/L.When TG 15 mmol/L,the interference of low-value CRP samples was 10%,and there was no interference in high-value CRP samples for QuikRead CRP analyzer.The correlation analysis of 50 blood samples showed that both analyzers were correlated well(r=0.98,P0.01).There was no significant bias from linearity regression through Cusum between the 2 analyzers(P0.05).The values of BN-Ⅱ specific protein analyzer were slightly lower than those of QuikRead CRP analyzer.Bland-Altman curve showed that the average bias of the 2 analyzers was-2.1.Conclusions The precision,interference and linearity tests are suitable for routine CRP determination on the 2 analyzers.Although the results have bias,they meet the clinical requirements.
How a large ATM MTU causes deadlocks in TCP data transfers (1995)

The implementation of protocols, such as TCP/IP, and their integration into the operating system environment is crucial for protocol performance. Putting TCP on high-speed networks, e.g., ATM, with large maximum transmission units causes the TCP maximum segment size to be relatively large. What Nagle's algorithm considers a "small" segment is no longer small, which affects the TCP performance. The authors report on TCP/IP throughput and RPC response time performance measurements for various sizes of send and receive socket buffers, using the Sparc10 architecture machines Axil 311/5.1 running SunOS 4.1.3 connected to a FORE System's ATM network. For some common combinations of socket buffer sizes the authors observe a dramatic performance degradation to less than 1% of expected throughput and to one order-of-magnitude longer response time than expected. The performance degradation is caused by a deadlock situation in the TCP connection which is resolved by the 200 ms spaced timer generated TCP delayed acknowledgment. The authors explain the causes of the deadlock situations, and discuss means to avoid or prevent them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
3D In-Situ Fluid Distribution Imaging at the Pore Scale as a New Tool for Multiphase Flow Studies (2010)

Abstract In this paper we present a new experimental setup combining laboratory high resolution computed micro-tomography (MCT) with a flow microcell specially designed to reproduce in-situ multiphase flow experiments and monitor the fluid distribution at the pore scale. The objective is to describe the fluid saturations and distribution at different steps of the capillary pressure cycle (drainage and imbibition) while maintaining the sample under pressure in the cell to avoid fluid re-distribution. Experiments have been performed on a monomodal sandstone where the total porosity is resolved by the MCT. We compared successfully the saturation profiles calculated from the mean grey level of the 2D cross sections and the saturation profiles calculated by 3-phase image segmentation. The two above mentioned methods can be combined in bimodal pore systems to evaluate the fluid saturations in both micro (unresolved) and macro (resolved) porosity. Finally, we describe the distribution of each fluid at the different steps of the drainage-imbibition cycle and the influence of the pore geometry and interfacial tension on the oil trapping.
Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Efficient, Chemically Defined Tools for Cell Biology (2012)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold can be used to carefully probe immobilized biomolecule interactions with cell-surface receptors. However, due to a lack of experimental throughput associated with labor-intensive production, specialized fabrication apparatus, and other practical challenges, alkanethiolate SAMs have not had widespread use by biological researchers. In this Minireview, we investigate a range of techniques that could enhance the throughput of SAM-based approaches by patterning substrates with arrays of different conditions. Here we highlight microfluidic, photochemical, localized removal, and backfilling techniques to locally pattern SAM substrates with biomolecules and also describe how these approaches have been applied in SAM-based screening systems. Furthermore we provide perspectives on several crucial barriers that need to be overcome to enable widespread use of SAM chemistry in biological applications.
Versatile Figure-9 Design: How to Access Low-Noise Regimes in an All-PM Yb:Fiber Laser (2020)

We present a versatile all-PM Yb:fiber-laser and demonstrate the impact of dispersion engineering on amplitude/phase noise and the carrier-envelope-offset frequency, whose linewidth can be reduced from several MHz down to single-digit-kHz values in free-running operation.
Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world (2017)

Catalysis is a key area of modern science and the recognition of its importance has been increasing in recent years. In view of this a Royal Society Discussion Meeting was held on 8–9 May 2017 bringing together many facets of the latest research in catalysis. The meeting was set out in four themes.

The first theme Catalysis for Clean Energy was introduced by Professor Christopher Hardacre [1] (Manchester University, UK) who discussed non-thermal plasmas that enable the activation of catalysis at low temperature operation. Dr Sara Jacob [2] (Exxon Mobil, USA) described some new exciting work relevant to alkane oxidation concerning the use of dioxiranes in solution at low temperature. Professor Gianfranco Pacchioni [3] (Milan) showed the power of contemporary computational modelling techniques with new work on biomass conversion using TiO2 and ZrO2 and addressed the question of why catalyst reduction aids the process. Professor …
A 180MW, 450kV solid state modulator based on Press Pack IGBT technology (2010)

A new solid state power modulator for free electron laser applications is studied. This modulator comprises a 4.5kV Press Pack IGBT module that can handle pulsed currents higher than 3kA. The reliability of this module concerning current distribution among the paralleled IGBT chips is studied, where the internal parasitic components and couplings causing the asymmetries are extracted by means of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method. Simulated waveforms showing the currents in each IGBT chip during switching transients are revised together with the dissipated losses for different pulse durations.
Coarsening of PS/SAN Blends with Cocontinuous Morphology Studied with 3D Image Analysis (2009)

Abstract Geometrical parameters of the interface in fluorescently labeled polystyrene (FLPS)/styrene‐ran‐acrylonitrile compolymer (SAN) blends with cocontinuous morphology were obtained on the basis of differential geometry of 3D images. Images were analyzed for time evolution of interfacial area, average mean and Gaussian curvatures, curvature distributions and topology. Annealing of a symmetric (50/50 FLPS/SAN w/w) and a non symmetric (35/65) blend was monitored. For the symmetric blend a linear time evolution of the characteristic length along with a self similar growth of the microstructure, evidenced by the dynamic scaling of the curvature probability densities, were observed. For the non symmetric blend, the more elongated domains of the minor phase, namely FLPS, broke up producing zones with droplet‐matrix structures coexisting with cocontinuous domains. Due to this morphological transition, dynamic scaling failed for the non symmetric blends. The number of holes on the interface, described by the genus, in a fixed sample volume decreases with time due to the growth of the microstructures and the formation of droplets.
Modulation of androgen receptor DNA binding activity through direct interaction with the ETS transcription factor ERG (2020)

The androgen receptor (AR) is a type I nuclear hormone receptor and the primary drug target in prostate cancer due to its role as a lineage survival factor in prostate luminal epithelium. In prostate cancer, the AR cistrome is reprogrammed relative to normal prostate epithelium and particularly in cancers driven by oncogenic ETS fusion genes. The molecular basis for this change has remained elusive. Using purified proteins, we report a minimal cell-free system that demonstrates interdomain cooperativity between the ligand (LBD) and DNA binding domains (DBD) of AR, and its autoinhibition by the N terminus of AR. Furthermore, we identify ERG as a cofactor that activates AR's ability to bind DNA in both high and lower affinity contexts through direct interaction within a newly identified AR-interacting motif (AIM) in the ETS domain, independent of ERG's own DNA binding ability. Finally, we present evidence that this interaction is conserved among ETS factors whose expression is altered in prostate cancer. Our work highlights, at a biochemical level, how tumor-initiating ETS translocations result in reprogramming of the AR cistrome.
Plasma decontamination of chemical &#x00026; biological warfare agents by a cold arc plasma jet at atmospheric pressure (2008)

The cold arc plasma jet was introduced to decontaminate chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents for the application of a portable CBW decontamination system. The cold arc plasma jet is a low temperature, high density plasma that produces highly reactive species such as oxygen atoms and ozone. Moreover, it is possible to maintain stable plasma without He or Ar. The discharge operated on N2-02 mixture of 30 L/min, and the high voltage pulse (23 kHz, 30% duty ratio) power was applied to the inner electrode. In the decontamination experiments, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia Coli were chosen as simulants for biological agents and DMMP (Dimethylmethylphosphonate) was chosen as a simulant for chemical agents. The experimental results showed that B. subtilis and E. coli were efficiently decontaminated. Also, DMMP absorbed on the metal substrate and the glass substrate was removed after plasma treatment. Finally, we identified that DMMP was decomposed very well in the plasma effluent.
Timing Jitter Characteristics of Ultrashort Optical Pulse Generator using Mach-Zehnder-Modulator-Based Flat Comb Generator (2010)

We report on timing jitter characteristics of ultrashort pulse trains generated by a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator. By phase noise measurements, the rms timing jitter of the pulse generator was estimated to be 70 fs.
Separation of ion and photon damage effects on novel dielectric materials during plasma exposure (2011)

Summary form only given. Damage induced in high and low-k thin dielectric films by exposure to an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma was investigated. The effects of charged-particle bombardment and vacuum ultraviolet radiation were separated by varying plasma parameters and using a capillary-array window. Damage was measured by examining the surface potential, defect concentrations, chemical and physical structures after plasma exposure. For high-k dielectric films (HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), most of the charge accumulation came from the ion fluence, while photon fluence introduced most of the defect-state modifications. It was further shown that, during plasma exposure, UV photons penetrate through the dielectric layer and cause modifications of the defect states. Based on the results, optimized conditions were found to minimize both charge accumulation and defect state formation during plasma exposure. For low-k porous organosilicate glass (SiCOH) dielectric films, it was found that during argon ECR plasma processing, 75% of the charge accumulation comes from ions at the surface, while 25% of the charge accumulation occurs from charge trapped within the bulk of the dielectric film due to photon bombardment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed no significant change except for the physical Si-(CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> bonds. The results were verified by ellipsometric measurements. It was shown that both the dielectric thickness and the dielectric constant changed during plasma exposure.
Elevated von Willebrand factor antigen is an early plasma predictor of acute lung injury in nonpulmonary sepsis syndrome. (1990)

In this prospective study of 45 patients, we tested the hypothesis that markedly elevated levels of plasma von Willebrand antigen (vWf-Ag) a marker of endothelial cell injury, might predict the development of acute lung injury in patients with nonpulmonary sepsis syndrome. Acute lung injury was quantified on a four-point scoring system. At the time of entry into the study, none of the 45 patients had evidence of lung injury. Subsequently, 15 patients developed lung injury and 30 patients did not develop lung injury. The mean plasma vWf-Ag level was markedly elevated in the 15 patients who developed lung injury compared with the 30 patients who did not develop lung injury (588 +/- 204 vs. 338 +/- 196, percentage of control, P less than 0.01). Furthermore, a plasma vWf-Ag level greater than or equal to 450 was 87% sensitive and 77% specific for predicting the development of acute lung injury in the setting of nonpulmonary sepsis. In addition, the combination of a plasma vWf-Ag greater than 450 and nonpulmonary organ failure at the time of entry into the study had a positive predictive value of 80% for acute lung injury. Also, a plasma vWf-Ag level greater than 450 had a positive predictive value of 80% for identifying nonsurvivors. Thus, in patients with nonpulmonary sepsis, an elevated level of plasma vWf-Ag is a useful, early biochemical marker of endothelial injury and it has both predictive and prognostic value.
Universal Reconfigurable Translator Module (URTM) Final Report (2009)

This report describes the Universal Reconfigurable Translation Module, or URTM. The URTM was developed by Sigma Space Corporation for NASA in order to translate specific serial protocols, both logically and physically. At present, the prototype configuration has targeted MIL-STD-1553B (RT and BC), IEEE 1394b (Firewire), and ECSS-E-50-12A (SpaceWire). The objectives of this program were to study the feasibility of a configurable URTM to translate serial link data as might be used in a space-flight mission and to design, develop, document, and deliver an engineering prototype model of the URTM with a path to spaceflight. By simply connecting two of the three Physical Interface Modules (PIM) on either end of the RPTM (Reconfigurable Protocol Translator Module), the URTM then self configures via a library of interface translation functions, thereby allowing the two data links to communicate seamlessly.