gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photosensitized Solid-state Polymerization of Diacetylenes in Nanoporous TiO2Structures (2010)

In situ topochemical polymerization of two diacetylene monomers within nanoporous TiO2 thin films was carried out under visible light irradiation. One of the monomers used contains a carboxylic acid group, which could help to link the monomer onto the TiO2 surface covalently. UV-Vis absorption and Raman studies showed that both monomers were successfully photopolymerized. These results suggest that the covalent linkage of the diacetylene to the nanoparticle through the carboxylic acid group is not needed. Since photopolymerization of diacetylene is typically induced by excitation of the monomer at λ< 300 nm, the observed red shift of the photopolymerization wavelength is attributed to the photosensitization effect of TiO2. The morphological study of the polydiacetylene/TiO2 nanocomposite revealed that the diacetylene monomers were polymerized in the vicinity of the TiO2 nanoparticles. This is attributed to the fact that the electron-transfer process occurs at the interface of nanocrystalline TiO2 (nc-TiO2) and the diacetylene monomer and the polymerization is expected to be initiated near the nc-TiO2 surface. Photopolymerization of the carboxylated diacetylene monomer with other oxides nanoparticles, such as ZnO and SiO2 was also investigated.
Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol defects cause the rare Emm-negative blood phenotype and developmental disorders (2021)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a glycolipid that anchors >150 proteins to the cell surface. Pathogenic variants in several genes that participate in GPI biosynthesis cause inherited GPI deficiency disorders. Here, we reported that homozygous null alleles of PIGG, a gene involved in GPI modification, are responsible for the rare Emm-negative blood phenotype. Using a panel of K562 cells defective in both the GPI-transamidase and GPI remodeling pathways, we show that the Emm antigen, whose molecular basis has remained unknown for decades, is carried only by free GPI and that its epitope is composed of the second and third ethanolamine of the GPI backbone. Importantly, we show that the decrease in Emm expression in several inherited GPI deficiency patients is indicative of GPI defects. Overall, our findings establish Emm as a novel blood group system, and they have important implications for understanding the biological function of human free GPI.
Polyphosphoinositides Produced by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Are Poor Substrates for Phospholipases C from Rat Liver and Bovine Brain (1989)

The ability of three pure types of bovine brain phospholipase C (PLC) and one pure rat liver PLC to utilize as substrates the recently discovered phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI-3-P), a putative phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI-3,4-P2), and phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3) was investigated. PI-3-P, PI-3,4-P2, and PIP3 are the products of phosphorylation of PI, PI-4-P, and PI-4,5-P2, respectively, by phosphoinositide 3-kinase activities that are associated with certain protein-tyrosine kinases. Although these new phospholipids have been found in intact cells, PI-3,4-P2 and PIP3 appear only after stimulation of quiescent cells with growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (Auger, K. R., Serunian, L. A., Soltoff, S. P., Libby, P., and Cantley, L. C. (1989) Cell 57, 167-175) and after transformation by certain oncoproteins (L. A. Serunian, K. R. Auger, T. M. Roberts, and L. C. Cantley, manuscript in preparation). Mixtures of [3H]PI-4-P plus [32P]PI-3-P or [3H]PI-4,5-P2 plus [32P]PI-3,4-P2 or PIP3 alone were used as substrates for PLCs in vitro. After incubation with enzyme followed by extraction with chloroform/methanol/HCl, the ratio of 3H/32P in the aqueous layer revealed the selective hydrolysis of PI-4-P and PI-4,5-P2 over PI-3-P and PI-3,4-P2. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the aqueous layer containing reaction products confirmed that only PI-4-P and PI-4,5-P2, were hydrolyzed to inositol 1,4-P2 and inositol 1,4,5-P3, respectively. These findings suggest that the turnover of PI-3-P, PI-3,4-P2, and PIP3 occurs independently of the turnover of PI-4-P and PI-4,5-P2.
<title>Networking reconfigurable smart sensors</title> (2001)

In this paper, we present our system infrastructure design and a cost function based geographical self-routing algorithm for networking reconfigurable smart sensors. The algorithm allows for the sensors to automatically negotiate in a geographical radial topology relative to a central location, utilizing other sensors as routes or hops for forwarding information to this central location. A number of these sensors are deployed in the field and performance measurements for routing times are analyzed and presented.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Identified and Putative Metabolites of the A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist 8‐Cyclopentyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐1‐propylxanthine (CPFPX) (2017)

The A<sub>1</sub> adenosine receptor (A<sub>1</sub> AR) antagonist [<sup>18</sup> F]8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([<sup>18</sup> F]CPFPX), used in imaging human brain A<sub>1</sub> ARs by positron emission tomography (PET), is stable in the brain, but rapidly undergoes transformation into one major (3-(3-fluoropropyl)-8-(3-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-1-propylxanthine, M1) and several minor metabolites in blood. This report describes the synthesis of putative metabolites of CPFPX as standards for the identification of those metabolites. Analysis by (radio)HPLC revealed that extracts of human liver microsomes incubated with no-carrier-added (n.c.a.)[<sup>18</sup> F]CPFPX contain the major metabolite, M1, as well as radioactive metabolites corresponding to derivatives functionalized at the cyclopentyl moiety, but no N1-despropyl species or metabolites resulting from functionalization of the N3-fluoropropyl chain. The putative metabolites were found to displace the binding of [<sup>3</sup> H]CPFPX to the A<sub>1</sub> AR in pig brain cortex at K<sub>i</sub> values between 1.9 and 380 nm and the binding of [<sup>3</sup> H]ZM241385 to the A<sub>2A</sub> AR in pig striatum at K<sub>i</sub> values >180 nm. One metabolite, a derivative functionalized at the ω-position of the N1-propyl chain, showed high affinity (K<sub>i</sub> 2 nm) to and very good selectivity (>9000) for the A<sub>1</sub> AR.
Dissociating anxiolytic and sedative effects of GABAAergic drugs using temperature and locomotor responses to acute stress (2009)

The present study confirms a putative role for the GABA(A) receptor alpha(1) subunit in hypothermia and sedation and supports a role for alpha(2/3) subunit GABA(A) receptor agonists in anxiety processes. In conclusion, we show that home cage temperature and locomotor responses to novel home cage stress provide an excellent tool to assess both anxiolytic and sedative effects of various (subunit-selective) GABA(A)ergic compounds.
Narrow Line Laser Emission from Rhodamine B Cored Dendrimer Waveguides (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Otomo, S. Yokoyama, T. Nakahama, and S. Mashiko, "Narrow Line Laser Emission from Rhodamine B Cored Dendrimer Waveguides," in Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper PD3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Physicochemical Characteristics Of Novel P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors Of The Cage Dimeric 1,4-Dihydropyridine Type (2006)

Physicochemical characteristics of two structurally different cage dimeric 1,4-dihydropyridines HX (1) and CC (2) have been determined and compared to their P-glycoprotein inhibiting properties. While the weakly basic compound (1) showed pH-dependent apparent partition coefficients (log D), the neutral compound (2) proved to have almost identical log D values at varying pH-values. The subsequent determination of partition coefficients (log P) resulted in comparably low log P values revealing a less lipophilic compound character. Determined significantly differing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory properties indicated that the lipophilicity of the compounds does not play a decisive role for the P-gp activity.
Diode laser measurements of trace concentrations of ammonia in an entrained-flow coal reactor (1991)

We used a single-mode Pb-salt diode laser to quantify in situ the amount of ammonia generated during pyrolysis of pulverized coal in an entrained-flow reactor at 1225 K. The combination of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, a Herriott style multiple pass cell, rapid wavelength scanning (to eliminate noise due to turbulence and vibration) and a novel etalon fringe suppression technique provided a minimum detectable absorbance of 2 x 10(-6) (SNR = 1, 1-Hz bandwidth) corresponding to 0.04-ppm ammonia at 1225 K. This is a 4-order-of-magnitude improvement over CO(2) laser based ammonia detectors and is approximately 2000 times more sensitive than electrochemical detection methods (for equal integration times).
A two-port framework for the design of unconditionally stable haptic interfaces (2002)

A haptic interface is a kinesthetic link between a human operator and a virtual environment. This paper addresses stability and performance issues associated with haptic interaction. It generalizes and extends the concept of a virtual coupling network, an artificial connection between a haptic display and a virtual world, to include both the impedance and admittance models of haptic interaction. A benchmark example exposes an important duality between these two cases. Linear circuit theory is used to develop necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of a haptic simulation, assuming the human operator and virtual environment are passive. These equations lead to an explicit design procedure for virtual coupling networks which give maximum performance while guaranteeing stability. By decoupling the haptic display control problem from the design of virtual environments, the use of a virtual coupling network frees the developer of haptic-enabled virtual reality models from issues of mechanical stability.
Providing Reliable Data Services in Hybrid WSNs with Transmit-Only Nodes (2010)

Low cost and low power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with transmit-only nodes are attracting more attention due to their advantages in achieving a good balance of cost, fine-grained sensing and differentiated service for data collection applications. This work addresses the reliability and performance issues of a single-hop hybrid WSN with both transmit-only nodes and standard nodes and proposes the RH-QoMoR protocol, whose robust scheme is able to provide reliable data services and the EARE (Enhanced Automatic Resource Estimation) scheme can remove time synchronization overhead and provide more resources. The analysis and extensive simulation demonstrates its capability of providing the best possible performance to the high priority nodes under harsh environment as well as minimizing the energy consumption while maintaining QoS guarantee. The protocol can also efficiently handle dynamic network changes due to the packet loss and post-deployment adjustment.
Abstract 451: The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is balanced by multiple counter-inhibitory checkpoints (2015)

Abstract We examined the immune microenvironment of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) using immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection/qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and functional analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. A subset of CRC displayed high infiltration with activated CD8+ CTL as well as activated Th1 cells characterized by IFN-γ production and the Th1 transcription factor Tbet. Parallel analysis of tumor genotypes revealed that virtually all of the tumors with this active Th1/CTL microenvironment had defects in mismatch repair, as evidenced by microsatellite instability (MSI). Counterbalancing this active Th1/CTL microenvironment, MSI tumors selectively demonstrated highly up-regulated expression of multiple immune checkpoints, including five - PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and IDO - currently being targeted clinically with inhibitors. These findings link tumor genotype with the immune microenvironment, and explain why MSI tumors are not naturally eliminated despite a hostile Th1/CTL microenvironment. They further suggest that blockade of specific checkpoints may be selectively efficacious in the MSI subset of CRC. Significance. The findings reported in this article are the first to demonstrate a link between a genetically defined subtype of cancer and its corresponding expression of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. The mismatch repair defective subset of CRC selectively up-regulates at least 5 checkpoint molecules that are targets of inhibitors currently being clinically tested. Citation Format: Nicolas Jose Llosa, Michael Cruise, Ada Tam, Elizabeth Wick, Elizabeth Hechenbleikner, Janis Taube, Lee Blosser, Hongni Fan, Hao Wang, Ming Zhang, Brandon Luber, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Kenneth Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Cynthia Sears, Robert Anders, Drew Pardoll, Franck Housseau. The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is balanced by multiple counter-inhibitory checkpoints. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 451. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-451
Evaluation and Treatment of Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries (2007)

Acromioclavicular joint injuries and, more specifically, separations are commonplace both in general practice and during athletic participation. This article reviews the traditional classification as well as the clinical evaluation of patients with acute and chronic acromioclavicular joint separations. It also highlights many recent advances, principally in the anatomy and biomechanics of the acromioclavicular joint ligamentous complex. The concept of increases in superior translation as well as disturbances in horizontal translation with injuries to this joint and ligaments are discussed. This information, coupled with the unpredictable long-term results with the Weaver-Dunn procedure and its modifications, have prompted many recent biomechanical studies evaluating potential improvements in the surgical management of acute and chronic injuries. The authors present these recent works investigating cyclic loading and ultimate failure of traditional reconstructions, augmentations, use of free graft, and the more recent anatomic reconstruction of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. The clinical results (largely retrospective), including acromioclavicular joint repair, reconstruction and augmentation with the coracoclavicular ligament, supplemental sutures, and the use of free autogenous grafts, are summarized. Finally, complications and the concept of the failed distal clavicle resection and reconstruction are addressed. The intent is to provide a current, in-depth treatise on all aspects of acromioclavicular joint complex injuries to include anatomy, biomechanics, benchmark studies on instability and reconstruction, clinical and radiographic evaluation, and to present the most recent clinical research on surgical outcomes.
The Effects of Acute Hyperglycemia Resulting From Hepatic Inflow Occlusion During Living Donor Right Hepatectomy. (2014)

A. Intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion (IHIO) is widely used during major hepatectomy, however, the uncertainty of how IHIO affects donor safety limits the applicability of this maneuver for living liver donors. Reperfusion hyperglycemia secondary to IHIO is one of factors responsible for the uncertainty. We aimed to evaluate whether IHIO induces hyperglycemia in healthy donors as in liver disease patients as well as hyperglycemia affects donor outcomes. B. We prospectively observed 158 living donors undergoing right hepatectomy. Blood glucose concentrations were measured at predetermined time points. C. Thirty-two (20.3%) donors developed hyperglycemia (maximum glucose concentration > 180 mg/dl). Binary logistic regression determined that >30 min IHIO (vs. 0 min, OR 17.58, 95% CI 3.44-89.90, P=0.001) was the sole independent risk factor for hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was transient: glucose concentration dropped rapidly after the last IHIO and reached normal range within 2 hours. Univariate analyses showed that normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups were comparable regarding overall (56.3% vs. 56.3%) and major (7.1% vs. 12.5%, P=0.301) complication. Biliary (19.0% vs. 21.9%, P=0.756) and surgical site infection (4.0% vs. 6.3%, P=0.609) were also comparable as well as hospital stay (13 d vs. 12 d, P=0.508). Multiple linear regression showed that hyperglycemia was not associated with the extent of hepatocytes injury demonstrated by the peak postoperative transaminase concentrations (AST, β 52.26, SE 35.75, P=0.149; ALT, β 23.34, SE 37.56, P=0.537).Figure: No Caption available.D. IHIO induced hyperglycemia in living donor hepatectomy, however, the impact of hyperglycemia was not significant. It was recommended that acute hyperglycemic response resulting from IHIO does not limit the applicability of IHIO for living liver donors.
Inhibition of HIV Type 1 Production by Hygromycin B (1998)

HIV infection alters the cellular uptake of ions and other small molecules. This study was designed to determine whether hygromycin B, a low molecular weight (MW 527) aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor that is normally impermeable to mammalian cells at micromolar concentrations, can selectively inhibit HIV expression and cytopathology. CD4+ T lymphoblastoid cells (H9) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were infected with HIV-1, then incubated in medium containing various concentrations of hygromycin B. HIV-1-induced formation of multinucleated giant cells and single cell killing were dramatically reduced in the presence of micromolar concentrations of hygromycin B. Hygromycin B also inhibited HIV-1 production in a dose-dependent manner during acute infection. G418, a larger and more hydrophobic aminoglycoside (MW 692), did not display the same selective inhibition of HIV-1 production as hygromycin B. Relative to mock-infected cells, protein synthesis in acutely infected H9 cells was selectively inhibited by hygromycin B. Hygromycin B also reduced HIV production in PBMCs and in H9 cells persistently infected with HIV. PCR analysis demonstrated that hygromycin B did not inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcription. These results demonstrate that HIV-1 infection renders cells more sensitive to hygromycin B than uninfected cells, and provides support for the hypothesis that HIV-1 induces an alteration of plasma membrane permeability. The HIV-modified cell membrane may be a potential target for antiviral intervention and chemotherapy.
Hydrogen in vanadium: Site occupancy and isotope effects (2016)

We discuss the influence of site occupancy on the absorption of the hydrogen isotopes H and D in thin V(001) layers. By growing V(001) under biaxial compressive strain in Fe/V(001) superlattices, the hydrogen (H as well as D) is forced to reside exclusively in octahedral (${\mathrm{O}}_{z}$) sites, even at the lowest concentrations. A weakening of the isotope effects is observed when hydrogen resides in octahedral as compared to tetrahedral sites.
Continuous speech recognition with automatically selected acoustic prototypes obtained by either bootstrapping or clustering (2005)

Automatic selection of acoustic prototypes is an important step towards making speech recognition systems automatically adaptable to new speakers. Two methods for automatically obtaining a set of acoustic prototypes for use by a centisecond labeling acoustic processor are described. One method is based on bootstrapping, the other on clustering. Recognition results using these automatically obtained prototypes on the 1000-word vocabulary natural language Laser Patent task are presented. These results are compared to those from an experiment in which the acoustic prototypes were manually selected.
Reversible and irreversible domain wall contributions to the polarization in ferroelectric thin films (1999)

Abstract In this work, standard characterization methods like hysteresis loops and C-V- measurements are used to distinguish the reversible and irreversible parts of the total ferroelectric polarization. Special attention has been given to the frequency dependence of the hysteresis loops-and the C-V-measurements. The frequency dependence of the C-V measurements indicates that the relaxation of the polarization is enhanced in ferroelectric materials compared to paraelectric SrTiO3. The reversible and irreversible contributions are demonstrated for SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film capacitors. Additionally, a method is described to obtain the static hysteresis curve, which allows to characterize the polarization of a ferroelectric material independent of the measuring frequency, since remanent polarizations or coercive voltages inferred from usual hysteresis loop measurements strongly depend on the measuring frequency. Keywords: ferroelectricityreversible and irreversible domain wall motionsthin filmsSBTPZTRayleigh law
Microfluidic synthesis of multifunctional Janus particles for biomedical applications (2012)

Multifunctional Janus particles have a variety of applications in a wide range of fields. However, to achieve many of these applications, high-throughput, low-cost techniques are needed to synthesize these particles with precise control of the various structural/physical/chemical properties. Microfluidics provides a unique platform to fabricate Janus particles using carefully controlled liquid flow in microfluidic channels to form Janus droplets and various types of solidification methods to solidify them into Janus particles. In this Focus article, we summarize the most recent representative works on Janus particle fabrication in microfluidics. The applications of Janus particles in biomedical areas are emphasized. We believe that microfluidics-enabled multifunctional Janus particles could resolve multiple prevalent issues in biomedicine (e.g., disease monitoring at an early stage, high-throughput bioassays, therapeutic delivery) if persistent effort and collaboration are devoted to this direction.
Electronically Controllable Impedance for Tuning of Active Metamaterials (2017)

In recent years, passive metamaterials consisting of a geometrical arrangement of LCR-resonator-type base units are proposed for the shielding of magnetic stray fields at low- and medium-frequencies. The screening factor of such passive metamaterial shields can be deteriorated by component value tolerances and variations with temperature and/or by aging. These issues can be overcome with an active metamaterial assembled by an array of engineered active base units. Each base unit contains an LCR-resonator and a control unit called Electronically Controllable Impedance (ECI). The ECI consists of a four-quadrant power converter with integrated measurement and control units for emulating an arbitrary impedance and is used to tune the LCR resonator such that the base unit exhibits an ideally purely electric inductive or capacitive behavior when excited by an external field. Thereby, each single LCR-resonator's resonant frequency is tuned to be close to the excitation frequency and the resonator's quality factor Q is optimally adjusted. This paper shows different realizations of an ECI and proposes an ECI control algorithm to tune the resonant frequency and to adjust the quality factor Q of the resonators. Furthermore, experimental verifications of the ECI concept employing a linear power amplifier are provided.