gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi‐antenna diversity gain in terrestrial broadcasting receivers on vehicles: A coverage probability perspective (2021)

This paper theoretically and empirically explores the reliability gain that can be obtained by installing multiple antennas in on-vehicle broadcasting receivers. Analytical derivations reveal that maximal-ratio-combining-based diversity allows a multi-antenna receiver (MR) to achieve significantly better coverage probability than a single-antenna receiver (SR). In particular, the notable MR gains for low-power reception and high-throughput services are highlighted. We also discuss various aspects of mobile MRs, including geometric coverage, volume of the users served, and impact of receiver velocity. To examine the feasibility of MRs in the real world, extensive field experiments were conducted, particularly with on-air ATSC 3.0 broadcast transmissions. Relying on the celebrated erroneous second ratio criterion, MRs with two and four antennas were verified to achieve notable reliability gains over SRs in practice. Furthermore, our results also prove that layered-division multiplexing can cope better with receiver mobility than traditional time-division multiplexing when multiple services are intended in the same radio frequency channel.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in a reef-building coral (2018)

Reef-building corals are critically important species that are threatened by anthropogenic stresses including climate change. In attempts to understand corals' responses to stress and other aspects of their biology, numerous genomic and transcriptomic studies have been performed, generating a variety of hypotheses about the roles of particular genes and molecular pathways. However, it has not generally been possible to test these hypotheses rigorously because of the lack of genetic tools for corals. Here, we demonstrate efficient genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the coral <i>Acropora millepora</i> We targeted the genes encoding fibroblast growth factor 1a (<i>FGF1a</i>), green fluorescent protein (<i>GFP</i>), and red fluorescent protein (<i>RFP</i>). After microinjecting CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes into fertilized eggs, we detected induced mutations in the targeted genes using changes in restriction-fragment length, Sanger sequencing, and high-throughput Illumina sequencing. We observed mutations in ∼50% of individuals screened, and the proportions of wild-type and various mutant gene copies in these individuals indicated that mutation induction continued for at least several cell cycles after injection. Although multiple paralogous genes encoding green fluorescent proteins are present in <i>A. millepora</i>, appropriate design of the guide RNA allowed us to induce mutations simultaneously in more than one paralog. Because <i>A. millepora</i> larvae can be induced to settle and begin colony formation in the laboratory, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing should allow rigorous tests of gene function in both larval and adult corals.
Revealing Tumor Immunity after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2009)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the most effective method for inducing tumor immunity. However, the diversity of target antigens recognized by donor T cells has not been established. New studies show that tumor-reactive T cells are directed against diverse tumor-specific targets as well as minor histocompatibility antigens.
Linearized Full Duplex Radio-Over-Fiber-Over-Space Mixerless Transceiver Architecture (2020)

This paper proposes a full-duplex Radio-over-Fiber-over-Space (RoFoS) transceiver's architecture with mixerless frequency conversions. The polarization splitting of the optical carrier into two orthogonal polarizations provides away to carry both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) optical signals in one optical channel. In this work, the UL and DL signals are chosen to provide proof-of-implementation for the 5G fronthaul networks. In the baseband unit (BBU), the DL signal at the intermediate frequency (IF) 2 GHz is sent through RoFoS to the remote radio head (RRH) and broadcasted at 19 GHz, without the need for any mixing stage. In the UL path, at the RRH, the UL signal with an interferer (I) and added noise are received at 4 GHz then optically modulated and sent through the same optical channel to the BBU to be compensated for any distortion or hardware impairments. Digital compensation polynomial based models are used to reduce the distortion generated from the optical, electrical, and electro-optical components in the RoFoS transceiver. The error vector magnitude (EVM) and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) are calculated and compared to the 5G/NR standards test requirements.
The Great Debate at ‘Immunotherapy Bridge’, Naples, December 5, 2019 (2020)

As part of the 2019 Immunotherapy Bridge congress (December 4-5, Naples, Italy), the Great Debate session featured counterpoint views from leading experts on six topical issues in immunotherapy today. These were the use of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in solid tumors, whether the Immunoscore should be more widely used in clinical practice, whether antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is important in the mode of action of anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibodies, whether the brain is immunologically unique or just another organ, the role of microbiome versus nutrition in affecting responses to immunotherapy, and whether chemotherapy is immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive. Discussion of these important topics are summarized in this report.
Acyl‐coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 – significance of single‐nucleotide polymorphism at residue 526 and the role of Pro347 near the fifth transmembrane domain (2014)

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs), which are members of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase family, catalyze the conversion of cholesterol to cholesteryl esters. Mammals have two isoenzymes: ACAT1 and ACAT2. Both enzymes are drug targets for treating human diseases. ACAT1 is present in various cell types. It contains nine transmembrane domains (TMDs), with the active site His460 located within TMD7, and the active site Asn421 located within the fourth large cytoplasmic loop. In human ACAT1, a single-nucleotide polymorphism exists for residue 526: the codon is either CAG for Gln, or CGG for Arg. Gln526/Arg526 is present within the C-terminal loop. Its biochemical significance is unknown. In addition, within the C-terminal half of ACAT1, numerous residues conserved with those of ACAT2 are present; the functions of these conserved residues are largely unknown. Here, we performed single-substitution mutagenesis experiments to investigate the roles of individual residues present in the C-terminal loop, including Gln526/Arg526, and the eight conserved Pro residues located near/in various TMDs. The results show that the enzyme activity of ACAT1 with Gln526 is less active than that of ACAT1 with Arg526 by 40%. In addition, several residues in the C-terminal loop are important for maintaining proper ACAT1 protein stability. Other results show that Pro347 plays an important role in modulating enzyme catalysis. Overall, our results imply that the CAG/CGG polymorphism can be utilized to perform ACAT1 activity/human disease susceptibility studies, and that Pro347 located near TMD5 plays an important role in modulating enzyme catalysis.
Operation and Cost-Effectiveness of Local and Remote RTC (2018)

This paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of two different variants of real-time pressure control (RTC) of valves in water distribution networks (WDNs), namely, the local and remote RTC. The system considered for RTC application is made up of a WDN pressure zone fed through a single-control valve. Whereas both variants of RTC are based on dynamically adjusting the valve settings, the main difference lies in the source of the measurements used, that is, local measurements taken at the valve site and remote measurements from the critical node, respectively. The analysis was carried out considering RTC installation costs and operational costs associated with water production and expected pipe burst repairs, while taking as benchmark the no-control scenario. The two kinds of operational cost were evaluated through pressure-driven extended-period simulation with stochastic nodal demands and empirical modeling, respectively. The results pointed out that the local RTC is more cost-effective for small pressure zones. Resorting to remote RTC is justified only for larger systems.
AA16 Oxidoreductases Boost Cellulose-Active AA9 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases from Myceliophthora thermophila (2023)

Copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) classified in Auxiliary Activity (AA) families are considered indispensable as synergistic partners for cellulolytic enzymes to saccharify recalcitrant lignocellulosic plant biomass. In this study, we characterized two fungal oxidoreductases from the new AA16 family. We found that <i>Mt</i>AA16A from <i>Myceliophthora thermophila</i> and <i>An</i>AA16A from <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> did not catalyze the oxidative cleavage of oligo- and polysaccharides. Indeed, the <i>Mt</i>AA16A crystal structure showed a fairly LPMO-typical histidine brace active site, but the cellulose-acting LPMO-typical flat aromatic surface parallel to the histidine brace region was lacking. Further, we showed that both AA16 proteins are able to oxidize low-molecular-weight reductants to produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The oxidase activity of the AA16s substantially boosted cellulose degradation by four AA9 LPMOs from <i>M. thermophila</i> (<i>Mt</i>LPMO9s) but not by three AA9 LPMOs from <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (<i>Nc</i>LPMO9s). The interplay with <i>Mt</i>LPMO9s is explained by the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-producing capability of the AA16s, which, in the presence of cellulose, allows the <i>Mt</i>LPMO9s to optimally drive their peroxygenase activity. Replacement of <i>Mt</i>AA16A by glucose oxidase (<i>An</i>GOX) with the same H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-producing activity could only achieve less than 50% of the boosting effect achieved by <i>Mt</i>AA16A, and earlier <i>Mt</i>LPMO9B inactivation (6 h) was observed. To explain these results, we hypothesized that the delivery of AA16-produced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to the <i>Mt</i>LPMO9s is facilitated by protein-protein interaction. Our findings provide new insights into the functions of copper-dependent enzymes and contribute to a further understanding of the interplay of oxidative enzymes within fungal systems to degrade lignocellulose.
30 μm-pitch stripes of OLED patterned by stamping lift-off method (2003)

In this paper, we demonstrate 30 /spl mu/m-pitch OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) stripes, whose cathode was patterned by a lift-off method and selectively addressable. The OLED consists of ITO (120 nm) - /spl alpha/NPD (70 nm)-Alq/sub 3/ (70 nm)-Al (20 nm)-Au (1 nm) layers on a glass wafer (12 mm/spl times/12 mm/spl times/0.5 mm). A 2 /spl mu/m-high convex stamp of the electrode pattern was formed from a Si-wafer by dry-etching, and it was pressed on the unpatterned surface of the OLED metal layer. The unwanted metal was removed because the metal layer was adhered to the convex of the Si-stamp, and a fine cathode pattern was formed.
A Novel Anti-HER2 Antibody–Drug Conjugate XMT-1522 for HER2-Positive Breast and Gastric Cancers Resistant to Trastuzumab Emtansine (2019)

Most patients with HER2-positive breast or gastric cancer exhibit primary or acquired resistance to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), and such patients may have limited therapeutic options. XMT-1522 is a novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate. We compared XMT-1522 to T-DM1 in preclinical models. The effects of XMT-1522 and T-DM1 on cell survival and apoptosis were compared in six HER2-positive breast cancer or gastric cancer cell lines, of which three lines were T-DM1-sensitive (N-87, OE-19, JIMT-1) and three T-DM1-resistant (RN-87, ROE-19, SNU-216). We compared these agents also in the HER2-negative breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and in mouse RN-87 and JIMT-1 xenograft models. Cell survival was assessed using the AlamarBlue method and apoptosis with the Caspase-Glo 3/7 method. XMT-1522 inhibited the growth of all six HER2-positive cell lines. The proportions of cells that survived XMT-1522 treatment were smaller as compared with T-DM1, particularly in the T-DM1-resistant cell lines. XMT-1522 induced more cell apoptosis compared with T-DM1. While RN-87 and JIMT-1 xenograft tumors progressed on T-DM1 treatment, all tumors responded to XMT-1522, and all but one tumor disappeared during the XMT-1522 treatment. XMT-1522 had a strong antitumor effect on RN-87 and JIMT-1 xenografts that progressed on T-DM1. We conclude that XMT-1522 was effective in HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer cell lines resistant to T-DM1, and in xenograft models resistant to T-DM1. The results support the testing of XMT-1522 in clinical trials in patients with HER2-positive cancer.
Identification of Motifs for Cell Adhesion within the Repeated Domains of Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Gene,βig-h3 (2000)

betaig-h3 is a transforming growth factor-beta-inducible cell adhesion molecule that has four characteristic homologous repeated domains. We made recombinant betaig-h3 proteins, which were highly active in mediating human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell adhesion and spreading. The 2nd and the 4th repeated domains were sufficient to mediate HCE cell adhesion. A sequence analysis showed that aspartic acid (Asp) and isoleucine (Ile) of the 2nd and the 4th domains are highly conserved in many fasciclin 1 homologous (fas-1) domains. Substitution mutational study identified these two amino acids are essential for cell adhesion. Synthetic peptides containing Asp and Ile, NKDIL and EPDIM derived from the 2nd and the 4th domains, respectively, almost completely blocked cell adhesion mediated by not only wild type betaig-h3 but also each of the 2nd and the 4th domains. These peptides alone were fully active in mediating cell adhesion. In addition, we demonstrated the functional receptor for betaig-h3 is alpha(3)beta(1) integrin. These results, therefore, establish the essential motifs within the 2nd and the 4th domains of betaig-h3, which interact with alpha(3)beta(1) integrin to mediate HCE cell adhesion to betaig-h3 and suggest that other proteins containing Asp-Ile in their fas-1 domains could possibly function as cell adhesion molecules.
STM Study of a Thin GaAs Tip. (1998)

A spin sensitive tip is needed to realize the spin-polarized STM, which can resolve the spin-polarization of surface density of states. GaAs and its related compound semiconductors are well known as spin-polarized electron sources and are also candidates for the spin probe. We made a GaAs thin film tip by cleavage. Since the GaAs film is thin enough, circular polarized light can illuminate through the tip and efficiently excite spin-polarized electrons near its apex. Because an atomically resolved Si(111) 7×7 surface was observed with the tip, the tip is mechanically stable. Optical responses of the tip were studied with Fe thin films grown on a MgO(001) surface. Using this magnetic thin film, we demonstrated that spin-dependent tunneling could be detected with the tip.
Targeted silver nanoparticles for ratiometric cell phenotyping (2015)

Affinity targeting is used to deliver nanoparticles to cells and tissues. For efficient targeting, it is critical to consider the expression and accessibility of the relevant receptors in the target cells. Here, we describe isotopically barcoded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a tool for auditing affinity ligand receptors in cells. Tumor penetrating peptide RPARPAR (receptor: NRP-1) and tumor homing peptide GKRK (receptor: p32) were used as affinity ligands on the AgNPs. The binding and uptake of the peptide-functionalized AgNPs by cultured PPC-1 prostate cancer and M21 melanoma cells was dependent on the cell surface expression of the cognate peptide receptors. Barcoded peptide-functionalized AgNPs were synthesized from silver and palladium isotopes. The cells were incubated with a cocktail of the barcoded nanoparticles [RPARPAR (R), GKRK (K), and control], and cellular binding and internalization of each type of nanoparticle was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results of isotopic analysis were in agreement with data obtained using optical methods. Using ratiometric measurements, we were able to classify the PPC-1 cell line as mainly NRP-1-positive, with 75 ± 5% R-AgNP uptake, and the M21 cell line as only p32-positive, with 89 ± 9% K-AgNP uptake. The isotopically barcoded multiplexed AgNPs are useful as an in vitro ratiometric phenotyping tool and have potential uses in functional evaluation of the expression of accessible homing peptide receptors in vivo.
Intermittent germination: causes and ecological implications. (2011)

Many wild plants, especially weeds, exhibit intermittent germination, a pattern in which the seeds produced by a single population in one season will germinate and emerge at irregular intervals over a period of months or years. Even the seeds from a single parent plant can show intermittent germination. An intriguing feature of some species with intermittent germination is that all or most of their seeds in the seed bank have been classed as non-dormant. Despite this, seeds from a population of such species vary in germination response. Factors acting during seed development (temperature, moisture, burial, and damage from microorganisms) can influence subsequent germination performance. Developmental (e.g. age of the inflorescence) and positional (within or between inflorescences on the parent plant) effects can also be important. In the seed bank, after dispersal, factors such as depth in the soil, burial under leaf litter, and the orientation on the soil surface can affect the germination responses of individual seeds. A clearer understanding of the combined effects of these factors will enable agriculturalists and others to manipulate the overall germination patterns of seed populations and especially to decrease intermittency.
One‐Pot Optical Resolution of Oligopeptide Helices through Artificial Peptide Bundling (2004)

Der Helixsinn der peptidischen Komponenten eines cyclodimeren Zinkporphyrin-Wirts mit helicalen Oligopeptid-Einheiten (1) legt fest, ob ein rechts- oder ein linksgängiger Oligopeptid-Gast (2) selektiv gebunden wird (siehe Bild). Dagegen werden die Enantiomere nichthelicaler peptidischer Gäste mit Inversionszentrum kaum unterschieden.
Controlledin situnanoscale enhancement of gold nanowire arrays with plasmonics (2010)

The controlled in situ growth of ordered gold nanoparticles and nanowire arrays has been studied by optically tracking changes in the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum. A spectrometer and custom-programmed analysis software track changes in the LSPR spectrum. The peak position, peak height (i.e. extinction intensity) and peak width (e.g. radius of curvature) were tracked over time to quantify the dynamic growth of gold as soon as the system was exposed to a commercial gold enhancement solution. This enables the controlled dynamic growth of nano-objects without the necessity of characterizing the growth and aggregation kinetics of the gold enhancement solution. The result was the successful enhancement of their electrically conductive and plasmonic properties, as well as the controlled growth and transformation of line-patterned nanoparticles into conductive particle-based nanowires.
PhotoApp (2021)

Photorealistic editing of head portraits is a challenging task as humans are very sensitive to inconsistencies in faces. We present an approach for high-quality intuitive editing of the camera viewpoint and scene illumination (parameterised with an environment map) in a portrait image. This requires our method to capture and control the full reflectance field of the person in the image. Most editing approaches rely on supervised learning using training data captured with setups such as light and camera stages. Such datasets are expensive to acquire, not readily available and do not capture all the rich variations of in-the-wild portrait images. In addition, most supervised approaches only focus on relighting, and do not allow camera viewpoint editing. Thus, they only capture and control a subset of the reflectance field. Recently, portrait editing has been demonstrated by operating in the generative model space of StyleGAN. While such approaches do not require direct supervision, there is a significant loss of quality when compared to the supervised approaches. In this paper, we present a method which learns from limited supervised training data. The training images only include people in a fixed neutral expression with eyes closed, without much hair or background variations. Each person is captured under 150 one-light-at-a-time conditions and under 8 camera poses. Instead of training directly in the image space, we design a supervised problem which learns transformations in the latent space of StyleGAN. This combines the best of supervised learning and generative adversarial modeling. We show that the StyleGAN prior allows for generalisation to different expressions, hairstyles and backgrounds. This produces high-quality photorealistic results for in-the-wild images and significantly outperforms existing methods. Our approach can edit the illumination and pose simultaneously, and runs at interactive rates.
Safety of weight-based dosing of nivolumab with or without ipilimumab by body mass index (BMI) stratified by sex across 14 CheckMate clinical trials. (2020)

e15114 Background: Associations between obesity and cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic outcomes have been extensively researched. However, the impact of BMI on safety in patients receiving immunotherapy has not been well described. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective analysis examined associations between BMI (kg/m 2 ) (underweight/normal, BMI &lt; 25; overweight, 25 ≤ BMI &lt; 30; obese, BMI ≥ 30) and incidence of any-grade and grade 3/4 immune-mediated adverse events (imAEs) in patients receiving ≥ 1 dose of nivolumab 3 mg/kg as monotherapy (NIVO3; n = 2746). Data were pooled from CheckMate clinical trials across 8 tumor types. Data from nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab cohorts (n = 1026) and safety analyses by specific imAEs and tumor types will be presented. Results: Select NIVO3 monotherapy cohort patient demographics were: 68.5% male, median age of 61 years, median 10 doses received, and median BMI of 25.3 kg/m 2 . Results showed a trend towards higher incidence of any-grade, but not grade 3/4, imAEs in obese vs overweight and obese vs underweight/normal BMI patients (Table). BMI associations with imAE incidence were consistent with the overall trend across pre-defined subsets, including smoking status, age, and ECOG performance status. Both male and female patients had an increased incidence of any-grade imAEs with obesity; however, obese female patients had a higher incidence of grade 3/4 imAEs vs underweight/normal BMI (Table). Conclusions: This was a novel analysis of BMI and safety in 2746 patients across 8 tumor types in CheckMate clinical trials who were treated with nivolumab monotherapy. While obese patients showed a trend towards higher incidence of any-grade imAEs than those with overweight and underweight/normal BMI, incidence of grade 3/4 imAEs was consistent across BMI categories. Clinical trial information: CheckMate 017,026,057,025,039,205,040,066,067,141,275,142,016,214 (NCT numbers do not fit in field) . [Table: see text]