gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathodic Disbondment Testing Comparison of Carbon Fiber, Fiberglass, and Hybrid Composite Repair Systems for Pipelines (2012)

Composite repair systems are being successfully and heavily utilized for the repair of a wide variety of pipeline systems operating at high internal pressures worldwide. Many of these pipelines employ cathodic protection systems as a preventative measure of insuring that the pipeline does not corrode. Even with advanced cathodic protection systems, there are still times that a pipeline may become damaged or corroded and composite repair systems are a popular choice. In order to qualify a composite repair system for use on a cathodically protected pipeline, the repair system must undergo specific testing to insure that there will be no issues of disbondment of the composite due to the cathodic protection system. This paper discusses the testing of composite repair systems with varying fiber types, resins, and installation methods. Results have been gathered for several repair system options and indicate that there is variance in the results depending on the above mentioned variables. The results of each of these systems and the impact of the fibers utilized will be discussed and conclusions made as to the effect of cathodic protection on each.
Measurement of D± s production asymmetry in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ and 8 TeV (2018)

A bstract The inclusive D s ± production asymmetry is measured in pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:math> and 8 TeV. Promptly produced D s ± mesons are used, which decay as D s ± → ϕ π ± , with ϕ → K + K − . The measurement is performed in bins of transverse momentum, p T , and rapidity, y , covering the range 2 . 5 &lt; p T &lt; 25 . 0 GeV/c and 2 . 0 &lt; y &lt; 4 . 5. No kinematic dependence is observed. Evidence of nonzero D s ± production asymmetry is found with a significance of 3.3 standard deviations.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic Allylic Ethers. An Enantioselective Route to Unsaturated Medium Ring Systems. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discrete Fracture Network Generation from Microseismic Data using Moment-Tensor Constrained Hough Transforms (2014)

Abstract Reservoir simulation and prediction of production associated with hydraulic fracturing requires the input of the fracture geometry and the fracture properties such as the porosity and retained permeability. Various methods have been suggested and applied for deriving discrete fracture networks (DFN) from microseismic data as a framework for modeling reservoir performance. Although microseismic data is the best diagnostic for revealing the volume of rock fractured, its incompleteness in representing the deformation induced presents a challenge to calibrate and represent complex fracture networks created and connected during hydraulic fracture stimulation. We present an automated method to generate DFN models constrained by the microseismic locations and fracture plane orientations derived from moment tensor analysis. We use a Hough transform technique to find significant planar features from combinations of the microseismic source locations. We have modified the technique by using an equal-probability voting scheme to remove an inherent bias for horizontal planes. The voting mechanism is a general grid search in the space of fracture strike, dip and location (respectively) with grid cell sizes scaled by uncertainty estimates . We constrain fracture orientations with weighting based on the moment-tensor orientations of neighboring events and their associated uncertainties. Using two case studies, we demonstrate that our automated technique can reliably extract the complex fracture network based on good matches with the event cloud trends and the input moment tensor orientations. We also tested the sensitivity of the technique to event location uncertainty. With increasing location uncertainty, the details of the fracture network extracted are diminished with events grouping to larger scale features, but the general shape and orientation of the fracture network obtained is insensitive to the location uncertainty.
Modeling Anomalous Junction Formation in Silicon by the Codiffusion of Implanted Arsenic with Phosphorus (1983)

Cross-contamination of phosphorus in arsenic-implanted layers has been found to occur in mechanically scanned ion implantation systems. Phosphorus introduced at low levels exhibits a diffusivity that depends upon n2, where n is the free electron concentration of the highly doped arsenic background layer. If the arsenic layer is shallow and the phosphorus diffuses through the arsenic junction, an enhanced phosphorus tail region is formed. Tail diffusion coefficients at 900°C were ∼20 times greater than the intrinsic phosphorus diffusion coefficient. Also, when a phosphorus tail is formed, the mechanism that enhances the tail diffusion also enhances the high concentration arsenic diffusion. These results are remarkable, since arsenic by itself will not produce an enhanced tail during diffusion in silicon, nor will it cause any emitter push effect. These results have been modeled and provide strong support for a Fermi-level-controlled point-defect model of phosphorus diffusion with impurity-point-defect pair dissociation creating the tail region. We have essentially duplicated high-concentration phosphorus diffusion results by replacing the highly doped portion of the profile with arsenic. The fact that arsenic diffusion is also predictably enhanced when a phosphorus tail is formed strongly implies that the point-defects involved are vacancies.
Mechanism of Antiapoptotic Action of P2Y6 Receptor in Mouse Pancreatic Beta Cells (2012)

Though human pancreatic β‐cells are known to regenerate throughout adult life, type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients have a significant deficit in β‐cell mass through immune reactions and/or β‐cell apoptosis due to hyperglycemia. Therefore, new antidiabetic drugs to promote β‐cell survival as well as function are studied. P2Y 6 receptors (P2Y 6 Rs) are a class of G‐protein coupled nucleotide receptors that activate the phospholipase‐C signaling pathway. Earlier reports indicated that P2Y 6 R stimulation promotes survival of smooth muscle cells, astrocyotma cells and mouse pancreatic β‐cells against cytokine‐induced apoptosis. Here, we explore the mechanism of mouse β‐cell survival and protection by P2Y 6 R activation during apoptosis. P2Y 6 R agonist P 1 ‐(uridine 5′‐)‐P 4 ‐( N 4 ‐methoxycytidine 5′‐)triphosphate (MRS2957) significantly increased phosphorylation of MAP kinase in MIN6 cells when compared to untreated control cells. Also, changes in the expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL were evaluated using Western blots. The cytoprotective efficacy of P2Y 6 R agonist against hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells was analyzed using annexin V staining and caspase‐3 activity. The role of MAPK in P2Y 6 R action was investigated using a MAPK‐inhibitor in cells exposed to H 2 O 2 . Insight into the mechanism of antiapoptotic action mediated by P2Y 6 Rs in pancreatic β‐cells will be discussed.
Quaternary Ammonium Polysaccharides for Gene Delivery (2005)

Cationic polysaccharides were synthesized by conjugation of various monoquaternary (MQ) ammonium oligoamines to oxidized dextran by reductive amination and tested for gene transfection. Polycations of dextran grafted with MQ ammonium oligoamines of two to four amino groups were investigated for their ability to cause pCMV-GFP encoding for green fluorescence protein and beta-Gal encoding for beta-galactosidase protein transfection on EPC and HEK-293 cell lines. These polycations were expected to strongly complex DNA due to increased surface cationic charge of the carrier, which may result in a higher transfection yield. However, the transfection yields were much lower compared to the parent vector, dextran-spermine conjugate, which was highly effective both in vitro and in vivo.
Long-term stability of intracortical recordings using perforated and arrayed Parylene sheath electrodes (2016)

The PSEA demonstrates the scalability of sheath electrode technology and provides higher electrode count and density to access a greater volume for recording. This study provided support for the importance of creating a supportive biological environment around the probes to promote the long-term electrophysiological performance of flexible probes in the cerebral cortex. In particular, we demonstrated beneficial effects of the Matrigel coating and the long-term expression of Caveolin-1. Furthermore, we provided support to an idea of using an artificial acellular tissue compartment as a way to counteract the walling-off effect of the astrocytic scar formation around the probes as a means of establishing a more intimate and stable neural interface.
Strategies to Immobilized Catalysts (2019)

During the last few decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to develop methods for heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts in order to reduce costs and protect the environment. In this chapter, some recent advances in developing methods for heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts to achieve easily separable and recyclable solid catalysts are described. The immobilization of catalysts on solids such as silica or polymeric supports via various techniques is presented. In addition, the encapsulation of catalysts within silica matrices by sol-gel process or preparation catalytic polymeric microcapsules is demonstrated. Some promising approaches for the immobilization of catalysts using novel supports such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) or magnetic nanoparticles is described in the end of this chapter. Moreover, the main analytical methods that are usually used to characterize heterogeneous catalysts are depicted.
PTEN loss is a context‐dependent outcome determinant in obese and non‐obese endometrioid endometrial cancer patients (2015)

Endometrial cancer incidence is increasing, due in part to a strong association with obesity. Mutations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the central relay pathway of insulin signals, occur in the majority of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, the most common form of endometrial cancer. We sought to determine the impact of PI3K pathway alterations on progression free survival in a cohort of endometrioid endometrial cancers. Prognostic utility of PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and PTEN mutations, as well as PTEN protein loss by immunohistochemistry, was explored in the context of patient body mass index. Reverse-phase protein arrays were utilized to assess protein expression based on PTEN status. Among 187 endometrioid endometrial cancers, there were no statistically significant associations between PFS and PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN mutation or loss. When stratified by body mass index, PTEN loss was associated with improved progression free survival (P < 0.006) in obese (body mass index ≥ 30) patients. PTEN loss resulted in distinct protein changes: Canonical PI3K pathway activation was observed only in the non-obese population while decreased expression of β-CATENIN and phosphorylated FOXO3A was observed in obese patients. These data suggest the impact of PTEN loss on tumor biology and clinical outcomes must be interpreted in the context of body mass index, and provide a potential explanation for discrepant reports on the effect of PTEN status and obesity on prognosis in endometrial cancer. This reveals a clinically important interaction between metabolic state and tumor genetics that may unveil the biologic underpinning of obesity-related cancers and impact ongoing clinical trials with PI3K pathway inhibitors.
A zone-plate-based two-color spectrometer for indirect X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2019)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful element-specific technique that allows the study of structural and chemical properties of matter. Often an indirect method is used to access the X-ray absorption (XA). This work demonstrates a new XAS implementation that is based on off-axis transmission Fresnel zone plates to obtain the XA spectrum of La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> by analysis of three emission lines simultaneously at the detector, namely the O 2p-1s, Mn 3s-2p and Mn 3d-2p transitions. This scheme allows the simultaneous measurement of an integrated total fluorescence yield and the partial fluorescence yields (PFY) of the Mn 3s-2p and Mn 3d-2p transitions when scanning the Mn L-edge. In addition to this, the reduction in O fluorescence provides another measure for absorption often referred to as the inverse partial fluorescence yield (IPFY). Among these different methods to measure XA, the Mn 3s PFY and IPFY deviate the least from the true XA spectra due to the negligible influence of selection rules on the decay channel. Other advantages of this new scheme are the potential to strongly increase the efficiency and throughput compared with similar measurements using conventional gratings and to increase the signal-to-noise of the XA spectra as compared with a photodiode. The ability to record undistorted bulk XA spectra at high flux is crucial for future in situ spectroscopy experiments on complex materials.
Empirically based device modeling of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics (2013)

An empirically based, open source, optoelectronic model is constructed to accurately simulate organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Bulk heterojunction OPV devices based on a new low band gap dithienothiophene- diketopyrrolopyrrole donor polymer (P(TBT-DPP)) are blended with PC<sub>70</sub>BM and processed under various conditions, with efficiencies up to 4.7%. The mobilities of electrons and holes, bimolecular recombination coefficients, exciton quenching efficiencies in donor and acceptor domains and optical constants of these devices are measured and input into the simulator to yield photocurrent with less than 7% error. The results from this model not only show carrier activity in the active layer but also elucidate new routes of device optimization by varying donor-acceptor composition as a function of position. Sets of high and low performance devices are investigated and compared side-by-side.
Comparison of a Shack-Hartmann and distorted grating wavefront sensor using WaveTrain simulation software (2004)

The concept of a curvature-based wavefront sensor using a distorted grating as the imaging element to capture images of two spatially separated planes onto a single detector has been reported previously. This presentation reports on simulations comparing a Shack-Hartmann (S-H) sensor with a distorted grating wavefront sensor (DGWFS) for a generic adaptive optics (AO) system using a Clear-1 atmospheric model. Using WaveTrain<sup>TM</sup> simulation software a model of the DGWFS has been developed and integrated into the software. A simulation of a complete AO system including a tip/tilt system, high order correction system, atmospheric model, and a back-propagating laser system has been constructed. The model has then been exercised using various seeing conditions, noise levels, WFS sensitivities, camera systems, and other parameters. A comparison between the performance of the AO system using the S-H sensor and the DGWFS is presented, both in terms of wavefront measurement accuracy, image quality, and as a beam delivery system.
Mixed‐mode open tubular column for peptide separations by capillary electrochromatography (2021)

Mixed-mode chromatography open tubular column has been developed for peptide separation in electrochromatography. A column with 92 cm effective length and 50 μm internal diameter is fabricated internally with a copolymer sheet of restricted thickness. Catalyst facilitated binding of the coupling agent 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl isocyanate has been carried out at the interior surface of the column. The initiator sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was bound to the coupling agent. A small amount of N-[2-(acryloylamino) phenyl] acrylamide was used along with methacrylic acid and styrene in the monomer mixture to induce a little polar character in the stationary phase fabricated inside the column. Twenty-three peptides have been separated from a chemically digested protein mixture present in cytochrome C in capillary electrochromatography, in addition to the separation of six commercial peptides. We achieved an average plate count of over 1.5 million/m with the column of current study both for the digested protein components and commercial peptides using 70/30% v/v (acetonitrile/20 mM ammonium formate) at pH 6.5. In addition, the column resulted in baseline separation of all the peptides with very good resolution, enhanced peak capacity, and better retention time span.
Minimal residual disease monitoring by 8-color flow cytometry in mantle cell lymphoma: an EU-MCL and LYSA study (2015)

Quantification of minimal residual disease may guide therapeutic strategies in mantle cell lymphoma. While multiparameter flow cytometry is used for diagnosis, the gold standard method for minimal residual disease analysis is real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). In this European Mantle Cell Lymphoma network (EU-MCL) pilot study, we compared flow cytometry with RQ-PCR for minimal residual disease detection. Of 113 patients with at least one minimal residual disease sample, RQ-PCR was applicable in 97 (86%). A total of 284 minimal residual disease samples from 61 patients were analyzed in parallel by flow cytometry and RQ-PCR. A single, 8-color, 10-antibody flow cytometry tube allowed specific minimal residual disease assessment in all patients, with a robust sensitivity of 0.01%. Using this cut-off level, the true-positive-rate of flow cytometry with respect to RQ-PCR was 80%, whereas the true-negative-rate was 92%. As expected, RQ-PCR frequently detected positivity below this 0.01% threshold, which is insufficiently sensitive for prognostic evaluation and would ideally be replaced with robust quantification down to a 0.001% (10-5) threshold. In 10 relapsing patients, the transition from negative to positive by RQ-PCR (median 22.5 months before relapse) nearly always preceded transition by flow cytometry (4.5 months), but transition to RQ-PCR positivity above 0.01% (5 months) was simultaneous. Pre-emptive rituximab treatment of 2 patients at minimal residual disease relapse allowed re-establishment of molecular and phenotypic complete remission. Flow cytometry minimal residual disease is a complementary approach to RQ-PCR and a promising tool in individual mantle cell lymphoma therapeutic management. (clinicaltrials identifiers: 00209209 and 00209222).
Synthesis of Bicyclic Tertiary α-Amino Acids (2006)

Novel bicyclic alpha-amino acids, exo and endo-1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylic acid, and 1-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-2-carboxylic acid have been readily synthesized for the generation of neuronal nicotinic receptor ligands. Alkylation of glycine-derived Schiff bases or nitroacetates with cyclic ether electrophiles, followed by acid-induced ring opening and cyclization in NH4OH, allowed for the preparation of substantial quantities of the three tertiary bicyclic alpha-amino acids.
In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System (2020)

The use of primary normal epithelial cells makes it possible to reproducibly induce genomic alterations required for cellular transformation by introducing specific mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, using clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based genome editing technology in mice. This technology allows us to accurately mimic the genetic changes that occur in human cancers using mice. By genetically transforming murine primary cells, we can better study cancer development, progression, treatment, and diagnosis. In this study, we used Cre-inducible Cas9 mouse tongue epithelial cells to enable genome editing using adeno-associated virus (AAV) in vitro. Specifically, by altering KRAS, p53, and APC in normal tongue epithelial cells, we generated a murine head and neck cancer (HNC) cell line in vitro,which is tumorigenic in syngeneic mice. The method presented here describes in detail how to generate HNC cell lines with specific genomic alterations and explains their suitability for predicting tumor progression in syngeneic mice. We envision that this promising method will be informative and useful to study tumor biology and therapy of HNC.
L'invention d'une politique de développement économique local en France et en Grande-Bretagne : localité, crise, relations central / local et politiques de développement économique local des villes en France et en Grande Bretagne : les exemples de Coventry et Rennes (1991)

L'invention des politiques de developpement economique local dans des villes en France et en Grande-Bretagne, a eu lieu pendant la periode 1975-1986. Trois types d'explications sont avances pour rendre compte de l'invention et de la mise en place de ses politiques : (1) les explications d'ordre politico-institutionnel ; (2) d'ordre economique et (3) les facteurs sociaux locaux. La comparaison permet de relativiser le role des facteurs politico-institutionnels nationaux, de souligner l'importance du contexte de crise et de restructuration du systeme productif tout en recusant les determinismes economiques et enfin de mettre a jour l'importance des facteurs politiques economiques et sociaux au sein d'une localite. Ces derniers permettent de rendre compte de la mise en place d'une politique de developpement economique local et des formes qu'elle a prise. La premiere partie de l'analyse concerne les villes francaises et britanniques en general, la seconde concerne deux etudes de cas, Rennes et Coventry. A Coventry, ville ouvriere du 20eme siecle, le groupe dominant des ouvriers syndicalistes de Coventry s'est oppose a la mise en place d'une politique de developpement economique soutenue par la nouvelle gauche urbaine du parti travailliste des couches moyennes du secteur public. Cette politique a finalement ete mise en oeuvre avec retard selon les propositions faites par les cadres de Coventry. A rennes, deux ensembles d'acteurs locaux entretiennent des relations de concurrence cooperation celui de la mairie et du district de rennes et celui de la cci et du conseil general. . .
Purification and N-terminal sequence of the p21rho GTPase-activating protein, rho GAP (1991)

Eukaryotic cells contain numerous small-molecular-mass GTP-binding proteins, but the processes that they regulate are not known. Different members of this protein family appear to be associated with specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and we have previously reported the identification of a cytoplasmic GAP (rho GAP) that stimulates the GTPase activity of p21rho but not of other small-molecular-mass GTP-binding proteins. We have now purified rho GAP 2000-fold from human spleen tissue using f.p.l.c. Electrotransfer of this 27.5 kDa protein on to an Immobilon-P transfer membrane followed by reconstitution of its enzymic activity confirmed its identity. Rho GAP was subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis and 15 amino acids were obtained. The sequence showed 53% identity with a region present in IRA1, a protein which stimulates the GTPase activity of RAS proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These results suggest that there is a family of sequence-related GAP proteins, which to date includes ras GAP and its yeast counterparts IRA1 and IRA2, rho GAP and the Neurofibromatosis gene product NF1.
Second harmonic generation in optical fibres (1989)

The mechanism and properties of high conversion efficiency second harmonic generation in optical fibres is reviewed.