gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutagenicity of New Lead Compounds to Treat Sickle Cell Disease Symptoms in a Salmonella/Microsome Assay (2010)

A series of phthalimide derivatives planned as drugs candidates to treat the symptoms of sickle cell anemia were evaluated in a mutagenicity test using strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA102, without and with addition of S9 mixture, with the aim to identify the best structural requirements for a drug candidate without genotoxic activity. The compounds (1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl nitrate (1); (1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl nitrate (2); 3-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-iso-indol-2-yl)benzyl nitrate (3); 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-benzenesulfonamide (4); 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)benzyl nitrate (5) and 2-[4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl nitrate (6) presented mutagenic potency ranging between 0-4,803 revertants/micromol. These results allowed us to propose that a methyl spacer linked to a nitrate ester subunit associated to meta aromatic substitution decreases mutagenicity.
Strontium Niobate for Near Infrared Plasmonics (2019)

We study Strontium Niobate (SNO) as an alternate material for plasmonics in the near infrared wavelength range. We demonstrate, experimentally and through numerical simulations, hybrid plasmonic-photonic resonances in a SiO2-Si nanodisk stack on SNO near technologically important telecommunication wavelengths window.
Issues with real-time streaming applications roaming in QoS-based secure IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2005)

The mass deployment of IEEE 802.11 based wireless local area networks (WLAN), and increased sales in portable devices supporting WLAN, have resulted in an urgent need to support real time applications while wireless users are on the move. This critical support necessitates research into current WLAN roaming capabilities. This paper evaluates the current status of WLAN roaming capabilities and how they would react to new standards such as IEEE 802.11i and IEEE 802.11e. The paper briefly discusses wired equivalent privacy (WEP), IEEE 802.11i authentication mechanism, and the new IEEE 802.11r in terms of roaming capability. Simulation results show that when using IEEE 802.11i authentication mechanism, the latency incurred would deter voice quality if there is continuous roaming. However, the new IEEE 802.11r draft standard not only supports IEEE 802.11e in terms of quality of service and IEEE 802.11i in terms of security enhancement, but it also provides a shorter roaming time that is suitable for today's voice calls
Ruokajärjestelmämalli lähiruoan kestävyyden monitieteiseen tutkimukseen (2006)

Paikallinen ruokajärjestelmä, lähiruoka, on erityisesti globaalistuvan ruokajärjestelmän vastakohtanakiinnostava tutkimuskohde. Ruokajärjestelmän paikallistamisella tavoitellaan ruoan tasaveroista jayhteisöllisesti omatoimista saavutettavuutta, taloudellista ruokaturvaa sekä vastuullisuutta ruoan tuotannonluonnonvaroista ja tuotantoympäristöstä. Nämä tavoitteet liittyvät läheisesti väestö-, talous-, ympäristö- jakulttuurisiin kysymyksiin analyysin mittakaavasta riippumatta.Olemme tutkineet ruokajärjestelmän paikallistamisen vaikutuksia ja siihen liittyviäoppimishaasteita kunta- ja maakuntatasolla Etelä-Savossa. Tämänkaltainen kansallista mittakaavaapaikallisempi lähiruoka-ajattelu ilmaantui etenkin maaseudun toimijoiden hankkeisiin 1990-luvunloppupuolella reaktiona maaseudun elinolojen ja -keinojen taantumiseen. Hankkeessa kehitimmemonitieteiseen kommunikointiin ja tieteiden-väliseen yhdistämiseen tähtäävän käsitteellisen LOFOjärjestelmämallin. Mallissa ruokajärjestelmän ajatellaan muodostuvan kolmesta osajärjestelmästä, jotkaolivat yhteiskunnallis-taloudellinen, biofysikaalinen sekä toiminnan osajärjestelmä.Yhteiskunnallis-taloudellinen osajärjestelmä sisältää normatiivisen ja taloudellisen 'ympäristön',samaan tapaan kuin biofysikaalinen osajärjestelmä sisältää fyysisen ja biologisen ympäristön. Näidenehdoilla, niihin sopeutuen ja niitä muuntaen kaikki toiminnan osajärjestelmän osakkaat tuottajasta ruoankuluttajaan toimivat ja tekevät ruokajärjestelmää koskevia päätöksiä. Teimme jokaista osajärjestelmääkoskien menetelmällisiä rajauksia ja valintoja, ja toteutimme osajärjestelmäkohtaiset osatutkimuksetmenetelmällisesti erillisinä tieteenalakohtaisina harjoitelmina. Näin ollen tuloksemme ovat ikäänkuinnäytteitä tai palasia systeemimallin tarjoamaan kokonaisvaltaisempaan palapeliin.Toiminnan osajärjestelmään sisältyy keskeisen tärkeänä ruokajärjestelmään osallisten 'voimaannuttaminen'sekä lisäksi prosessi, jossa paikalliset yhteisöt neovottelevat yhteisestä tulevaisuudestaan jatunnistavat sen mahdollisuuksia. Lisäksi tuloksemme tukevat ruoan 'valuma-alue' (foodshed) -ajattelua: onvälttämätöntä sisällyttää sekä maatilojen ja maaseudun ruoan 'lähde'- (source) että taajamien ja kaupunkienruoan 'kohde'- (sink) alueet paikallisen järjestelmän rajauksen sisään.
Imaging Cardiovascular and Lung Macrophages With the Positron Emission Tomography Sensor 64 Cu-Macrin in Mice, Rabbits, and Pigs (2020)

Taken together, these results indicate <sup>64</sup>Cu-Macrin could serve as a facile PET nanotracer to survey spatiotemporal macrophage dynamics during various physiological and pathological conditions. <sup>64</sup>Cu-Macrin PET imaging could stage inflammatory cardiovascular disease activity, assist disease management, and serve as an imaging biomarker for emerging macrophage-targeted therapeutics.
Evaluation of Long-Term Creep Rupture Life of Gr.91 Steel by Analysis of On-Going Creep Curves (2016)

Abstract A methodology is developed for evaluating its creep rupture life from analysis of an on-going creep curve with the aid of an Ω creep curve equation. The method is applied to on-going creep curves of grade 91 steel for evaluating their rupture lives. Quick decrease in creep rupture strength has been reported recently in long-term creep of grade 91 steel. The quick decrease of the steel is discussed by using the rupture lives evaluated. The quick decrease is confirmed in the present study in the time range longer than 3 x 104 h at 600°C.
Performance measurements and modeling of a java-based session initiation protocol (SIP) application server (2011)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an Internet protocol for establishing sessions between two or more parties. It is becoming ubiquitous in uses such as Voice over IP, instant messaging, Internet TV, and others. Performance is a chief concern with SIP because Quality of Service is important and SIP has internal timers that need to be honored or network efficiency suffers. The Java community has even provided a standardized API so that SIP applications can now be built using Java application servers. These new capabilities also bring with them new performance engineering methods, tools, and benchmarking needs. This paper describes the experiences and processes for the performance engineering of SIP applications in a Java environment. In this paper, a Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) SIP application server's performance is analyzed in a standalone and cluster environment, with network traces used to build a performance model of each environment. This included gathering data from test runs and extracting performance parameters from packet traces to construct the performance models. The models are then calibrated to match the model prediction with real system test data. Using the calibrated models, some bottlenecks were identified and suggestions to improve the overall maximum throughput were developed and were subsequently implemented in the system.
Spatial Scattering Modulation for Uplink Millimeter-Wave Systems (2017)

In this letter, a new spatial scattering modulation (SSM) is proposed for uplink millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems that support a single user terminal (UT). By utilizing the analog and hybrid beamforming with a large antenna array and phase shifters for mmWave communications systems, an architecture, where the UT has a single radio-frequency (RF) chain, whereas the base station has more than one RF chain, is adopted. In this architecture, the proposed SSM modulates some information bits on the spatial directions of scattering clusters in the angular domain, so that a higher spectral efficiency can be achieved with the use of a lower order modulation. For a particular number of scattering clusters and a number of RF chains, a closed-form expression for the upper bound on the bit-error rate (BER) is derived for the proposed SSM. Monte Carlo simulations are also conducted to verify the achievable BER performance.
Selective antagonists reveal different functions of M cholinoceptor subtypes in humans. (1989)

Effects of atropine and of the subtype selective mAChR antagonists pirenzepine (PZ) and AF-DX 116 were studied in humans. Dose- or time-response curves were established for heart rate and salivary flow. Plasma samples were drawn in parallel with the effect measurements and analysed for drug concentrations. Subtype-selective radioreceptor assays of the samples served to estimate the respective receptor occupancy in vivo. It is shown that low doses of PZ (M1-selective blockade) cause cholinomimetic effects indicated by bradycardia and increase in salivary flow. After high doses of PZ or atropine, tachycardia and inhibition of salivary flow are observed in parallel with occupancy of both the M2 and M3 subtypes. AF-DX 116 induces a tachycardia together with an increased salivary flow in agreement with its selectivity profile (M2 greater than M1 greater than M3). The diagnostic and therapeutic applications of M1- or M2-selective blockade by low dose PZ or AF-DX 116 respectively are discussed.
Reduced host resistance and Th1 response toCryptococcus neoformansin interleukin-18 deficient mice (2000)

Using interleukin (IL)-18 deficient (IL-18(-/-)) mice, we examined the role of IL-18 in the host resistance and Th1 response against infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungal clearance in the lung was reduced in IL-18(-/-) mice, although there was no significant change in the level of dissemination to the brain. The DTH response, as determined by footpad swelling, was also diminished in IL-18(-/-) mice compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. The levels of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the sera were significantly lower in IL-18(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Spleen cells from infected WT mice produced a high level of IFN-gamma upon stimulation with the microbe, while only a low level of IFN-gamma production was detected in spleen cells from infected IL-18(-/-) mice. Administration of IL-18 almost completely restored the reduced response in IL-18(-/-) mice, while IL-12 showed a marginal effect. These results demonstrated the important role of IL-18 in the resistance and Th1 response of mice to C. neoformans by potentiating the production of IFN-gamma.
Scaling laws of second-order hyperpolarizabilities in molecular wires (2000)

Summary form only given. Whereas principles for the optimization of first-order hyperpolarizabilities /spl beta/ are well established, rules for the second-order hyperpolarizability /spl gamma/ are less well documented, owing to the significantly more complex physics. We have shown by DFWM, THG measurements, and by quantum-chemical calculations that the chain-length dependence of the second-order hyperpolarizability /spl gamma/ of poly(triacetylene) molecular wires follows a power law for short oligomers. This power law saturates smoothly around 60 carbon-carbon bonds, which corresponds to an effective conjugation length of 7.5 nm. A comparison with various other systems with electrons delocalized over a one-dimensional path shows that the exponent a tends to be around 2.5 for various polymers in the transparency range. In the presence of two- or three-photon resonances, the measured exponent a increases. Moreover, the values presented here are of similar magnitude as for other organic material systems.
Chronic endothelin-1 treatment leads to heterologous desensitization of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2001)

We recently reported that insulin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) can stimulate GLUT4 translocation via the heterotrimeric G protein G alpha q/11 and through PI3-kinase--mediated pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Because both hormones stimulate glucose transport through a common downstream pathway, we determined whether chronic ET-1 pretreatment would desensitize these cells to acute insulin signaling. We found that ET-1 pretreatment substantially inhibited insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. Cotreatment with the ETA receptor antagonist BQ 610 prevented these effects, whereas inhibitors of G alpha i or G beta gamma were without effect. Chronic ET-1 treatment inhibited insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of G alpha q/11 and IRS-1, as well as their association with PI3-kinase and blocked the activation of PI3-kinase activity and phosphorylation of AKT: In addition, chronic ET-1 treatment caused IRS-1 degradation, which could be blocked by inhibitors of PI3-kinase or p70 S6-kinase. Similarly, expression of a constitutively active G alpha q mutant, but not the wild-type G alpha q, led to IRS-1 degradation and inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, suggesting that the ET-1-induced decrease in IRS-1 depends on G alpha q/11 and PI3-kinase. Insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC was also reduced in ET-1 treated cells, resulting in inhibition of the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, chronic ET-1 treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes leads to heterologous desensitization of metabolic and mitogenic actions of insulin, most likely through the decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrates IRS-1, SHC, and G alpha q/11.
Three dimensional Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) turbo FLASH for evaluation of left ventricular myocardial lesions in infiltrative and non-ischemic cardiac diseases (2009)

Summary StatementComparison between free breathing 3D Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) turboFLASH and 2D PSIR turboFLASH for detecting myocardial lesions in infiltrative and non-ischemic cardiac diseases. 3D PSIR is a promising alternative for quantification and detection of small and diffuse lesions.
Using Regression Models to Analyze Randomized Trials: Asymptotically Valid Hypothesis Tests Despite Incorrectly Specified Models (2009)

Regression models are often used to test for cause-effect relationships from data collected in randomized trials or experiments. This practice has deservedly come under heavy scrutiny, because commonly used models such as linear and logistic regression will often not capture the actual relationships between variables, and incorrectly specified models potentially lead to incorrect conclusions. In this article, we focus on hypothesis tests of whether the treatment given in a randomized trial has any effect on the mean of the primary outcome, within strata of baseline variables such as age, sex, and health status. Our primary concern is ensuring that such hypothesis tests have correct type I error for large samples. Our main result is that for a surprisingly large class of commonly used regression models, standard regression-based hypothesis tests (but using robust variance estimators) are guaranteed to have correct type I error for large samples, even when the models are incorrectly specified. To the best of our knowledge, this robustness of such model-based hypothesis tests to incorrectly specified models was previously unknown for Poisson regression models and for other commonly used models we consider. Our results have practical implications for understanding the reliability of commonly used, model-based tests for analyzing randomized trials.
Studies on the bacteriophage MS2. XXII. Conformation of MS2 RNA in acid medium (1973)

Abstract MS2 RNA, which sediments at 27S in a neutral buffer, can be converted to a compact 57S conformation at pH 3.8. Requirements for this conversion, besides protonation, are small concentrations of Mg ++ ions and a low ionic strength. On the other hand, after heating in the presence of EDTA and at low ionic strength, the RNA can be unfolded to an 11.7S form at pH 6.8 and to 10.5S at pH 3.8. The compact 57S form has lost at least 50% of its secondary structure, as determined by its hypochromicity. It corresponds to a monomer species, as will be shown in a following paper (XXIV). Comparative studies with the homopolymers poly A and poly C and with the heteropolymers poly A,U, poly A,C, and poly A,G indicate that the interactions involved in the acid RNA conformation are not simply explainable by the known interactions of the A–A + , C–C + , and/or A–C + type.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Flow-Induced Deformation in a Two-Phase, Neo-Hookean Marine Egg (2006)

Coupled computational fluid dynamics and finite element analyses were used to determine the material properties of the egg and jelly layer of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Prior experimental shear flow results were used to provide material parameters for these simulations. A Neo-Hookean model was used to model the hyperelastic behaviors of the jelly layer and egg. A simple compressive simulation was then performed, to compare the maximum von Mises stresses within eggs, with and without jelly layers. Results of this study showed that (1) shear moduli range from ∼100to160Pa, and ∼40to140Pa for an egg without a jelly layer, and jelly layer itself, respectively; and (2) the presence of the jelly layer significantly reduces maximum von Mises stress in an egg undergoing compression.
An Overview of MnAl Permanent Magnets with a Study on Their Potential in Electrical Machines (2020)

In this paper, hard magnetic materials for future use in electrical machines are discussed. Commercialized permanent magnets used today are presented and new magnets are reviewed shortly. Specifically, the magnetic MnAl compound is investigated as a potential material for future generator designs. Experimental results of synthesized MnAl, carbon-doped MnAl and calculated values for MnAl are compared regarding their energy products. The results show that the experimental energy products are far from the theoretically calculated values with ideal conditions due to microstructure-related reasons. The performance of MnAl in a future permanent magnet (PM) generator is investigated with COMSOL, assuming ideal conditions. Simplifications, such as using an ideal hysteresis loop based on measured and calculated saturation magnetization values were done for the COMSOL simulation. The results are compared to those for a ferrite magnet and an NdFeB magnet. For an ideal MnAl hysteresis loop, it would be possible to replace ferrite with MnAl, with a reduced weight compared to ferrite. In conclusion, future work for simulations with assumptions and results closer to reality is suggested.
Public Key Encryption with keyword Search. (2003)

We study the problem of searching on data that is encrypted using a public key system. Consider user Bob who sends email to user Alice encrypted under Alice’s public key. An email gateway wants to test whether the email contains the keyword “urgent” so that it could route the email accordingly. Alice, on the other hand does not wish to give the gateway the ability to decrypt all her messages. We define and construct a mechanism that enables Alice to provide a key to the gateway that enables the gateway to test whether the word “urgent” is a keyword in the email without learning anything else about the email. We refer to this mechanism as Public Key Encryption with keyword Search. As another example, consider a mail server that stores various messages publicly encrypted for Alice by others. Using our mechanism Alice can send the mail server a key that will enable the server to identify all messages containing some specific keyword, but learn nothing else. We define the concept of public key encryption with keyword search and give several constructions.
Nonparametric low-rank tensor imputation (2012)

Completion or imputation of three-way data arrays with missing entries is a basic problem encountered in various areas, including bio-informatics, image processing, and preference analysis. If available, prior information about the data at hand should be incorporated to enhance performance of the imputation method adopted. This is the motivation behind the proposed low-rank tensor estimator which leverages the correlation across slices of the data cube in the form of reproducing kernels. The rank of the tensor estimate is controlled by a novel regularization on the factors of its PARAFAC decomposition. Such a regularization is inspired by a reformulation of the nuclear norm for matrices, which allows to bypass the challenge that rank and singular values of tensors are unrelated quantities. The proposed technique is tested on MRI data of the brain with 30% missing data, resulting in a recovery error of -17dB.
Wet-etching characteristics of Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ thin films for phase-change memory (2005)

Etching of phase-change memory thin films is essential in the processing for the manufacture of devices. The Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ thin film as a typical material for such purposes can be control-etched by an aqueous solution of 20% nitric acids (HNO/sub 3/). It was found that the Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ films in amorphous state could be etched more uniformly than that in crystalline state. The etch rate can be well controlled to be 4.6 nm/s using such a solution, resulting in macroscopic and microscopic uniformity on amorphous films. It is therefore suggested that the crystallization annealing of Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ thin films should be done after a wet etching process in the manufacture of phase-change random access memories.
A Proposed Model of Bradykinin Bound to the Rat B2 Receptor and Its Utility for Drug Design (1994)

A putative model of bradykinin bound to the rat B2 receptor was generated using a combination of homology modeling (from the known transmembrane structure of bacteriorhodopsin), energy minimization, molecular dynamics, and a two-stage conformational search as a docking simulation. Overall, the proposed bound ligand adopts a twisted "S" shape, wherein a C-terminal beta-turn is buried in the receptor just below the extracellular boundary of the cell membrane and the N-terminus is interacting with negatively charged residues in extracellular loop 3 of the receptor (most notably Asp268 and Asp286). Mutagenesis experiments describing mutations which result in both a loss of bradykinin affinity as well as those which have no effect on bradykinin affinity are in good agreement with the proposed structure. In short, the mutagenesis results and the computational simulations each point to the same region of the receptor as likely to bind bradykinin. A double mutation, predicted as being likely to have a dramatic effect on bradykinin binding affinity, was confirmed experimentally, adding some validation to the proposed complex. Moreover, a new pseudopeptide bradykinin receptor antagonist (D-Arg0-Arg1-[12-aminododecanoyl]2- Ser3-D-Tic4-Oic5-Arg6) was designed on the basis of the model, and found to have good receptor affinity. Speculation regarding other possible sites for mutagenesis are also described.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer using sustained-release implantable devices (2018)

The development of a feasible, non-catheter based, IP DDS, retaining the peritoneal-drug levels, with less systemic levels could offer significant survival advantages as a patient-compliant therapeutic strategy. Suturable-implantable devices based on metronomic dosing, eluting drug in a sustained manner at low doses, could be implanted surgically post-debulking for treatment of refractory EOC patients.