gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and synthesis of 6α-substituted 2β,4α-dihydroxy-1β-phosphoryloxycyclohexanes, potent inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase (1991)

R. Baker, C. Carrick, P. D. Leeson, I. C. Lennon and N. J. Liverton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 298 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000298
Pemphigus Foliaceus Masquerading as Postoperative Wound Infection: Report of a Case and Review of the Koebner and Related Phenomenon following Surgical Procedures (2006)

Postoperative Koebner or related responses should be included in the differential diagnosis of poorly healing surgical wounds. Skin biopsies for histopathology and immunologic studies may be necessary for definitive diagnosis and optimal management.
<title>Sharp transformations for color appearance</title> (1998)

In this paper we describe the benefit of using a sharp transformation in the context of a color appearance model. The proposed scheme is shown to perform better than other models for the limited set of conditions tested. The testing method is similar to that described by Braun and Fairchild involving paired comparisons between prints under different illumination conditions and images calculated by the models for rendering on a CRT. Our testing shows that using a model that employs spectral sharpening for illuminant color compensation achieves better results than previous methods.
RANTES stimulates inflammatory cascades and receptor modulation in murine astrocytes (2002)

Cultured mouse astrocytes respond to the CC chemokine RANTES by production of chemokine and cytokine transcripts. Stimulation of astrocytes with 1 nM RANTES or 3-10 nM of the structurally related chemokines (eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -beta [MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta]) induced transcripts for KC, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), MIP-1alpha, MIP-2, and RANTES in a chemokine and cell-specific fashion. Synthesis of chemokine (KC and MCP-1) and cytokine (TNF-alpha) proteins was also demonstrated. RANTES-mediated chemokine synthesis was specifically inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating that G-protein-coupled chemokine receptors participated in astrocyte signaling. Astrocytes expressed CCR1 and CCR5 (the redundant RANTES receptors). Astrocytes derived from mice with targeted mutations of either CCR1 or CCR5 respond after RANTES stimulation, suggesting multiple chemokine receptors may separately mediate RANTES responsiveness in astrocytes. Preliminary data suggest activation of the MAP kinase pathway is also critical for RANTES-mediated signaling in astrocytes. Treatment with RANTES specifically modulated astrocyte receptors upregulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and downregulating CX3CR1 expression. Thus, after chemokine treatment, astrocytes release proinflammatory mediators and reprogram their surface molecules. The combined effects of RANTES may serve to amplify inflammatory responses within the central nervous system.
Conformation and Luminescence of Isolated Molecular Semiconductor Molecules (2003)

In this article, we describe, for the first time, direct comparisons of the detailed structures of two small molecule organic semiconductors, oligo(phenylenvinylene) (OPV) molecules with chains of five and six phenyl rings (5R-OC(8)H(17) and 6R-OC(8)H(17)), respectively, and their luminescence properties on a single molecule level. Our data originate from a combination of two powerful diagnostic tools in physical chemistry: ion mobility and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. These techniques enable us to precisely determine the shapes of isolated molecules in the gas phase and to correlate these structures to the emission from single molecules supported on bare glass substrates. The principal structural uncertainty in OPVs is the (possible) presence and location of cis-vinylene linkages (cis-defects) in the oligomer. The results show that the structures observed in the gas phase are strongly correlated to the categories of molecules observed in the single molecule polarization anisotropy measurements with nearly identical distributions for the two OPV molecules studied. Each category is also characterized by the luminescence efficiency of the molecules in each class, providing a direct correlation between the luminescence efficiency and the shape of the molecule. This combination of techniques provides a level of information far beyond that obtained via any other analytical technique.
Polyunsaturated liposomes are antiviral against hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV by decreasing cholesterol levels in infected cells (2010)

The pressing need for broad-spectrum antivirals could be met by targeting host rather than viral processes. Cholesterol biosynthesis within the infected cell is one promising target for a large number of viral systems, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. Liposomes developed for intracellular, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted in vivo drug delivery have been modified to include polyunsaturated fatty acids that exert an independent antiviral activity through the reduction of cellular cholesterol. These polyunsaturated ER liposomes (PERLs) have greater activity than lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev), which is clinically approved for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. Treatment of HCV, HBV, and HIV infections with PERLs significantly decreased viral secretion and infectivity, and pretreatment of naïve cells reduced the ability of both HCV and HIV to establish infections because of the decreased levels of plasma membrane cholesterol. Direct competition for cellular receptors was an added effect of PERLs against HCV infections. The greatest antiviral activity in all three systems was the inhibition of viral infectivity through the reduction of virus-associated cholesterol. Our study demonstrates that PERLs are a broadly effective antiviral therapy and should be developed further in combination with encapsulated drug mixtures for enhanced in vivo efficacy.
Detection of a Single Base Mutation in the Human Dihydrofolate Reductase Gene from a Methotrexate-Resistant Cell Line Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1989)

To test the utility of the polymerase chain reaction in identifying single base mutations in a gene known to give rise to an altered enzyme and drug resistance phenotype, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line resistant to methotrexate, with a known single base mutation (Srimatkandada et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264:3524, 1989) was examined. Poly A+ RNA was used for cDNA synthesis with reverse transcriptase, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and 5 microM 3' primer that anneals outside the coding region of the human dihydrofolate reductase. The RNA:DNA hybrid was used as a template for the polymerase chain reaction with the addition of a 5' primer and Thermus aquaticus (Taq)I DNA polymerase. These primers flank the coding region of the human dihydrofolate reductase and define a region of 650 bases. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out for 40 cycles resulting in full length transcripts in microgram amounts clearly visible by ethidium bromide staining on agarose gels. DNA was isolated by standard methods, and double-stranded DNA was sequenced by the chain-termination method using TaqI DNA polymerase. A single point mutation was discovered at position 91 (T----C) resulting in a substitution of serine for phenylalanine at codon 31, as determined previously by classical cDNA cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis indicated that this base transition resulted in the loss of Eco RI and Xmn I sites and the gain of a HinfI site in the cDNA, which were confirmed by restriction digests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase changes in 'solid-solid' bimolecular reactions (2002)

High throughput structural genomics projects are now underway. These projects will collect comprehensive data on protein structure. The e-msd has contributed to the detailed data representation model(s) and exchange data formats and mechanisms between each step in a structure determination. This model, incorporates the means for making the information reliable, accurate and up to date and to include indicators of reliability. The e-msd recognizes that in order for data to be used efficiently for searches within the database, and have ensured data uniformity in that the meta-description of the data is consistent across all entries. The e-msd not only allows for data harvesting and archival of clean cross referenced structural data, search mechanisms are being developed to allow research workers to for example automatically annotate structure motifs and binding site properties.
Low CD38 Identifies Progenitor-like Inflammation-Associated Luminal Cells that Can Initiate Human Prostate Cancer and Predict Poor Outcome (2016)

Inflammation is a risk factor for prostate cancer, but the mechanisms by which inflammation increases that risk are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that low expression of CD38 identifies a progenitor-like subset of luminal cells in the human prostate. CD38<sup>lo</sup> luminal cells are enriched in glands adjacent to inflammatory cells and exhibit epithelial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. In response to oncogenic transformation, CD38<sup>lo</sup> luminal cells can initiate human prostate cancer in an in vivo tissue-regeneration assay. Finally, the CD38<sup>lo</sup> luminal phenotype and gene signature are associated with disease progression and poor outcome in prostate cancer. Our results suggest that prostate inflammation expands the pool of progenitor-like target cells susceptible to tumorigenesis.
Radiative efficiency of MOCVD grown QD lasers (2010)

The optical spectral gain characteristics and overall radiative efficiency of MOCVD grown InGaAs quantum dot lasers have been evaluated. Single-pass, multi-segmented amplified spontaneous emission measurements are used to obtain the gain, absorption, and spontaneous emission spectra in real units. Integration of the calibrated spontaneous emission spectra then allows for determining the overall radiative efficiency, which gives important insights into the role which nonradiative recombination plays in the active region under study. We use single pass, multi-segmented edge-emitting in which electrically isolated segments allow to vary the length of a pumped region. In this study we used 8 section devices (the size of a segment is 50x300 &mu;m) with only the first 5 segments used for varying the pump length. The remaining unpumped segments and scribed back facet minimize round trip feedback. Measured gain spectra for different pump currents allow for extraction of the peak gain vs. current density, which is fitted to a logarithmic dependence and directly compared to conventional cavity length analysis, (CLA). The extracted spontaneous emission spectrum is calibrated and integrated over all frequencies and modes to obtain total spontaneous radiation current density and radiative efficiency, &eta;r. We find &eta;r values of approximately 17% at RT for 5 stack QD active regions. By contrast, high performance InGaAs QW lasers exhibit &eta;r ~50% at RT.
Trends in the 30-year span of Noninfectious Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Complications in Olmsted County (2023)

Our study describes a real-world trend of CIED complications over three decades. Lead dislodgements and hematomas were the most common complications. Complications have declined over the last decade due to safer practices and a better understanding of anticoagulant management.
Use of Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as a “Holistic” Approach to CNS Repair (2020)

Neurodegeneration is a hallmark of many diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). High levels of neuroinflammation are often associated with irreparable damage to CNS cells due to the dysregulation of signaling cascades that are unable to restore a homeostatic balance. Due to the inherent complexity of the CNS, development of CNS-related therapeutics has met limited success. While stem cell therapy has been evaluated in the context of CNS repair, the mechanisms responsible for their functional properties have not been clearly defined. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the treatment of various CNS pathologies as these vesicles are believed to mediate many of the functional effects associated with their donor stem cells. The potency of stem cell EVs is believed to be largely driven by their biological cargo which includes various types of RNAs, proteins, and cytokines. In this review, we describe the characteristic properties of stem cell EVs and summarize their reported neuroprotective and immunomodulatory functions. A special emphasis is placed on the identification of specific biological cargo, including proteins and non-coding RNA molecules, that have been found to be associated with stem cell EVs. Collectively, this review highlights the potential of stem cell EVs as an alternative to traditional stem cell therapy for the repair of cellular damage associated with diverse CNS pathologies.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐3,3‐Dimethyl‐1,2,4‐butanetriol as Ligand for Titanium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Silylcyanation. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comprehensive characterization of the epigenetic landscape in Multiple Myeloma (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines (HMCLs) have been widely used to understand the molecular processes that drive MM biology. Epigenetic modifications are involved in MM development, progression, and drug resistance. A comprehensive characterization of the epigenetic landscape of MM would advance our understanding of MM pathophysiology and may attempt to identify new therapeutic targets. <b>Methods:</b> We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to analyze histone mark changes (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3) on 16 HMCLs. <b>Results:</b> Differential analysis of histone modification profiles highlighted links between histone modifications and cytogenetic abnormalities or recurrent mutations. Using histone modifications associated to enhancer regions, we identified super-enhancers (SE) associated with genes involved in MM biology. We also identified promoters of genes enriched in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 repressive marks associated to potential tumor suppressor functions. The prognostic value of genes associated with repressive domains and SE was used to build two distinct scores identifying high-risk MM patients in two independent cohorts (CoMMpass cohort; n = 674 and Montpellier cohort; n = 69). Finally, we explored H3K4me3 marks comparing drug-resistant and -sensitive HMCLs to identify regions involved in drug resistance. From these data, we developed epigenetic biomarkers based on the H3K4me3 modification predicting MM cell response to lenalidomide and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). <b>Conclusions:</b> The epigenetic landscape of MM cells represents a unique resource for future biological studies. Furthermore, risk-scores based on SE and repressive regions together with epigenetic biomarkers of drug response could represent new tools for precision medicine in MM.
Intelligent Prediction of Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) During CO2 Flooding Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques (2019)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is one of the most effective methods for improving hydrocarbon recovery. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) has a great effect on the performance of CO2 flooding. Several methods are used to determine the MMP, including slim tube tests, analytical models and empirical correlations. However, the experimental measurements are costly and time-consuming, and the mathematical models might lead to significant estimation errors. This paper presents a new approach for determining the MMP during CO2 flooding using artificial intelligent (AI) methods. In this work, reliable models are developed for calculating the minimum miscibility pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2-MMP). Actual field data were collected; 105 case studies of CO2 flooding in anisotropic and heterogeneous reservoirs were used to build and evaluate the developed models. The CO2-MMP is determined based on the hydrocarbon compositions, reservoir conditions and the volume of injected CO2. An artificial neural network, radial basis function, generalized neural network and fuzzy logic system were used to predict the CO2-MMP. The models’ reliability was compared with common determination methods; the developed models outperform the current CO2-MMP methods. The presented models showed a very acceptable performance: the absolute error was 6.6% and the correlation coefficient was 0.98. The developed models can minimize the time and cost of determining the CO2-MMP. Ultimately, this work will improve the design of CO2 flooding operations by providing a reliable value for the CO2-MMP.
Enantioselective Reductive Syn ‐Aldol Reactions of 4‐Acryloylmorpholine: Preparation of (2 R , 3 S )‐3‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐morpholino‐5‐phenylpentan‐1‐one (2016)

Abstract The article discusses the preparation of (2 R , 3 S )‐3‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐morpholino‐5‐phenylpentan‐1‐one. Enantioselective reductive aldol reactions that have been developed to date use chiral transition metal catalysts, turnover numbers are modest (typically &lt;50) and the reagents (both the metal catalysts as well as the chiral ligands) used in these experiments are expensive or require multi‐step syntheses if not commercially available.
Simulation framework for performance evaluation of passive RFID tag-to-tag communications (2017)

The concept of passive RFID tag-to-tag communications has been recently introduced and opens new promising perspectives, especially in the field of Internet-of-Things. In this paper, a simulation framework is proposed as a new tool allowing the performance evaluation of tag-to-tag radio links. The modeling takes into consideration the external source supplying the communication between tags, radiating characteristics of tag antennas, and reception system aspects. Performance results are expressed in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) with respect to the distance between the tags and the position of the energy source relative to the position of the two tags.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCB 52, PCB 180, and PCB 138 Impair the Glutamate−Nitric Oxide−cGMP Pathway in Cerebellar Neurons in Culture by Different Mechanisms (2010)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that accumulate in the food chain and are present in human blood and milk. Children born to mothers exposed to PCBs show cognitive deficits, which are reproduced in rats perinatally exposed to PCBs. It has been proposed that PCB-induced cognitive impairment is due to impairment of the glutamate-nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway. The aim of the present work was to assess whether chronic exposure to the nondioxin-like PCB52, PCB138, or PCB180 alters the function of this pathway in primary cultures of rat cerebellar neurons and to assess whether different PCBs have similar or different mechanisms of action. PCB180 and PCB138 impair the function of the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway at nanomolar concentrations, and PCB52 impairs the function of the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway at micromolar concentrations. The mechanisms by which different PCBs impair the function of the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway are different. Each PCB affects the pathway at more than one step but with different potency and, for some steps, in opposite ways. Exposure to the PCBs alters the basal concentrations of intracellular calcium, NO, and cGMP. The three PCBs increase NO; however, PCB52 and PCB138 increase basal cGMP, while PCB180 decreases it. PCB52 and PCB138 decrease the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by NO, and PCB180 increases it. Long-term exposure to PCB52, PCB180, or PCB138 reduces the activation of NO synthase and the whole glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in response to activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. The EC(50) was 300 nM for PCB52 and 2 nM for PCB138 or PCB180. These results show that chronic exposure to nondioxin like PCBs impairs the function of the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in cerebellar neurons by different mechanisms and with different potencies. Impaired function of this pathway would contribute to the cognitive alterations induced by perinatal exposure to PCBs in humans.
Performance stability of high‐power III‐nitride metal‐oxide semiconductor‐heterostructure field‐effect transistors (2005)

Record high RF power densities up to 30 W/mm have been recently achieved using AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors (HFETs). These results exhibit the promise of III-Nitride HFETs for high-power microwave applications. However the output RF power of these devices was found to degrade with the operation time. Gate leakage current in conventional HFETs is a major contributor to device instability and failure. We previously reported on the development of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Insulated gate HFETs (MOSHFETs) with gate leakage currents four to six orders of magnitude lower than those of the HFETs. The MOSHFETs has demonstrated a significant performance improvement as compared to conventional HFETs resulting in higher channel currents and RF powers. In this study, we present the first comparative experimental evaluation of the HFET and MOSHFET lifetime at room and elevated temperatures. The room temperature HFET stability lifetime as high as 2.4 years is estimated. We also present the detailed study of the HFETs stabilization and failure mechanisms. The pronounced similarity of the mechanisms of device degradation and current collapse is demonstrated. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of zinc oxide nanowires for biophotonics and bio-electronics (2011)

Zinc oxide nanostructures are suitable for sensitive and selective detection of extra- and intracellular metallic ions and other biological analytes, as well as for photodynamic therapy for cancer-cell treatment.
Characterization of delamination and disbonding in stratified dielectric composites by millimeter wave imaging (1995)

Electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies has been in use for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of various low-loss and generally lossy dielectric materials. A monostatic backscatter millimeter wave imaging system was utilized for non-destructive characterization of defects in low-loss composites of Kevlar/epoxy. Defects consisting of subsurface delamination and disbonding defects were successfully detected and characterized. Images are constructed by measuring the relative amplitude and phase of the reflected radiation. The results clearly indicate the potential of such high-frequency systems for nondestructive characterization of small defects in low-loss dielectric composite materials.
The Prognostic Impact of Eosinophils and the Eosinophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival Outcomes in Stage II Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (2021)

Low eosinophils and low ELR were significant independent prognostic factors of poor outcomes.