gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poliopolis: Pushing Boundaries of Scientific Innovations for Disease Eradication (2019)

Although global polio eradication is within reach, sustained eradication of all polioviruses requires cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine use to mitigate against vaccine-derived poliovirus circulation and vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. The first step in this direction was the WHO-recommended global withdrawal of live attenuated type 2 Sabin poliovirus from routine immunisation in May 2016, with future use restricted to outbreak response, and handling controlled by strict containment provisions (GAPIII). This creates unique challenges for development and testing of novel type 2 poliovirus vaccines. We describe the creation of a novel purpose-built containment facility, Poliopolis, to study new monovalent OPV2 vaccine candidates in healthy adult volunteers, which may be a model for future endeavors in vaccine development for emergency use.
The Artificial Pancreas in 2016: A Digital Treatment Ecosystem for Diabetes (2016)

With the increasing availability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), the artificial pancreas (AP) (the commonly accepted term for closed-loop control [CLC] of blood glucose [BG] levels in diabetes) has become a hot area in translational research and industrial development. After a prolonged period of inpatient, clinical research center trials using cumbersome systems, the field has progressed rapidly over the past 2 years to long-term, free-living studies running AP algorithms on smartphones. Although it is still not a cure, the AP is the most promising advance in the treatment of diabetes at this time.

This issue of Diabetes Care presents today’s AP state of the art, including reports on multinational home-use AP trials, studies in young children, the use of multihormonal approaches to mitigate meal-related hyperglycemia, and discussions of AP study designs and outcome measures. This collection of articles establishes the AP as a new diabetes treatment paradigm—not a single-function CGM or CSII device but an adaptable wearable network encompassing the patient in a digital treatment ecosystem.

In its May 2014 issue, Diabetes Care featured the progress in the AP field in a series of articles labeled “Advances in Artificial Pancreas Development.” In addition to an editorial discussing the state of the art of AP development in 2014 (1), the issue included original articles that covered a broad range of topics including analyses of the possible physiological inputs to CLC (2), real-time estimation of insulin sensitivity from CGM and insulin pump data (3), engineering of the AP algorithms (4), reports of predictive low-glucose suspend (LGS) systems (5), studies of overnight CLC at home (6), feasibility of the AP in type 2 diabetes (7), and the first around-the-clock outpatient CLC running a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm on a portable AP system (8).

Since then, …
Timed artificial insemination plus heat II: gonadorelin injection in cows with low estrus expression scores increased pregnancy in progesterone/estradiol-based protocol (2019)

The use of tail chalk and estrus/heat expression scores (HEATSC) evaluation is instrumental in identifying cows with greater estrus expression and greater artificial insemination pregnancy rates (P/AI) in cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI), and cows with low or no estrus expression present lower P/AI. It was intended in this study to improve the pregnancy rates in TAI for Bos indicus beef cows, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection was hypothesized to increase pregnancy rates in a TAI program for cows submitted to progesterone-estradiol-based protocols with low or no estrus expression, evaluated by HEATSC. Cows (n= 2284) received a progesterone device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate, after 8 days the device was removed and 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 150 μg of d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin was administered. All cows were marked with chalk and HEATSC evaluated (scales 1 to 3) at TAI performed on day 10. Animals with HEATSC1 and HEATSC2 (n= 937) received 100 μg de gonadorelin (GNRH group; n= 470), or 1 ml saline (Control group; n= 467), and cows with HEATSC3 (named HEAT group; n= 1347) received no additional treatment. The larger dominant follicle, evaluated on day 8and at TAI (day 10), was greater in HEAT group (P= 0.0145 and P <0.001, respectively). Corpus luteum (CL) area and progesterone concentration was evaluated on day 17, and CL area was larger in HEAT group, intermediary in Control and lower in GnRH group (Control= 2.68 cm2, GnRH= 2.37 cm2, HEAT group= 3.07 cm2, P <0.001). Greater progesterone concentrations were found in HEAT group than in Control and GnRH groups (Control= 4.74 ng/ml, GnRH= 4.29 ng/ml, HEAT group= 6.08 ng/ml, P<0.001). There was a difference in ovulation rate, greater in HEAT group than GnRH and Control groups (Control= 72.5%; GnRH= 81.25%; HEAT group= 90.71%; P= 0.0024). Artificial insemination pregnancy rates was greater in HEAT group (57.09% (769/1347) than in Control and GNRH groups, with positive effect of GnRH injection at the time of TAI in P/AI (Control= 36.18% (169/467), GnRH= 45.95% (216/470); P<0.0001). In conclusion, GnRH application in cows with low HEATSC (1 and 2) is a simple strategy, requiring no changes in TAI management to increase pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows submitted to progesterone-estradiol-based TAI protocols, without reaching, however, the pregnancy rates of cows that demonstrate high estrus expression at the TAI.
Conduction analysis in mixed cardiomyocytes-fibroblasts cultures using microelectrode arrays (2009)

Models for cardiac arrhythmia currently exist primarily in in-vivo and computer simulation form. Towards the development of such a model in-vitro, a better understanding of electrical conduction in heterogeneous cultures is required. Increasing ratios of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on 500x500 microm arrays of 36 microelectrodes to study the emergence and properties of action potential propagation in mixed cultures. A minimum ratio of 70% cardiomyocytes to 30% fibroblasts was found to be necessary for detection of electrical activity. However, the establishment of a continuous, homogeneous depolarization wave across the culture required a higher proportion of cardiomyocytes; even a 90:10 ratio was unable to consistently produce a unidirectional, uniform depolarization wave as is seen in controls. This model underlines the importance and sensitivity of tissue homogeneity in supporting electrical conduction, and is especially relevant to studies of arrhythmia (reentry) and stem cell grafts.
Reaction of phenylchlorocarbene and diphenylcarbene with the carbon-chlorine bond: kinetics and mechanisms (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of phenylchlorocarbene and diphenylcarbene with the carbon-chlorine bond: kinetics and mechanismsMichelle B. Jones, Vincent M. Maloney, and Matthew S. PlatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2163–2169Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00032a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted (1‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl) 1 H ‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methanones as Antifungal Agents (2019)

Abstract In the perusal of our endeavour towards the synthesis of new bioactive agents, a new series of substituted (1‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl) 1 H ‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl) methanones ( 8a‐u ) were designed, synthesized and investigated for their antimicrobial activity with special emphasis on their anti‐ Candida potential and Candida biofilm inhibition. Among them, the hybrids 8e, 8f , and 8o demonstrated significant antifungal activity on most of the tested fungal strains with MIC values ranging between 1.9–7.8 μg/mL. In addition, the most promising compounds were found to be effective biofilm inhibitors. We have studied the Field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE‐SEM) micrographs for 8f to know the damage of the cells with altered membrane integrity and release of intracellular contents thereby validating the in vitro biofilm inhibition assay. Further, in enzymatic assay, active compounds inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, docking studies revealed that they effectively bind to 14α‐demethylase (CYP51), thereby inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. Interestingly, they exhibited lower cytotoxicity in the normal cell line (MRC5).
Abstract 4947: Homeobox gene HOPX is epigenetically silenced cancer-specifically in colorectal cancer and predicts poor prognosis in stage III colorectal cancer (2010)

Abstract (Background) Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer, and chemotherapy has dramatically improved prognostic outcome of CRC patients over the past several decades. Nonetheless, CRC remains the fourth leading cause of cancer death world-wide, and stage III patients have a high potential for recurrence even after curative surgery. Homeodomain only protein X (HOPX) is a recently identified homeobox gene whose loss of expression has been reported for several types of cancer by promoter DNA CpG islands methylation, but there is no information in CRC. (Materials and Methods) HOPX is encoding 3 spliced transcript variants, among which the promoter of the isoform b alone (promoter B) harbors CpG islands. We evaluated the impact of its methylation status of promoter B of HOPX gene in CRC. We evaluated 9 CRC cell lines and primary tumor tissue of 245 CRC patients. The methylation status was evaluated by bisulfate sequencing and quantitative methylation specific TaqMan real-time PCR (quantitative-MSP). (Result) HOPX b mRNA was silenced or remarkably reduced in expression in 8 of 9 CRC cell lines tested. And the expression was robustly restored by treatment with demethylating agents such as 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine and/or trichostatin A. On quantitative-MSP, HOPX promoter B hypermethylation was found in 56.6% (56/99) of primary tumor tissues and 0% (0/98) of corresponding normal tissues, if cut-off value was set to 2.89) (specificity reached 100.0%). Such cancer-specific methylation was not associated with prognostic factors representing TNM stage factors in the 100 initial leaning sets. However, patients with HOPX promoter B hypermethylation showed significantly worse prognosis than hypomethylated patients (P=0.03), only in 170 stage III patients which have a high potential for recurrence even after curative surgery. And this tendency was also observed even in dissociative analysis of UICC N factor (P=0.01 in N1, P=0.08 in N2). (Conclusion) Our study indicates that transcriptional silencing of HOPX predominantly results from HOPX promoter B methylation, which is a highly specific marker for CRC and also have a potential as a biomarker for tumor malignancy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4947.
High-dose but not low-dose mainstream cigarette smoke suppresses allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting T cell function (2008)

Epidemiological studies have identified childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke as a significant risk factor for the onset and exacerbation of asthma, but studies of smoking in adults are less conclusive, and mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) has been reported to both enhance and attenuate allergic airway inflammation in animal models. We sensitized mice to ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed them to MCS in a well-characterized exposure system. Exposure to MCS (600 mg/m(3) total suspended particulates, TSP) for 1 h/day suppresses the allergic airway response, with reductions in eosinophilia, tissue inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and OVA-specific antibodies. Suppression is associated with a loss of antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine production by T cells. However, exposure to a lower dose of MCS (77 mg/m(3) TSP) had no effect on the number of BAL eosinophils or OVA-specific antibodies. This is the first report to demonstrate, using identical smoking methodologies, that MCS inhibits immune responses in a dose-dependent manner and may explain the observation that, although smoking provokes a systemic inflammatory response, it also inhibits T cell-mediated responses involved in a number of diseases.
Effect of NIDEK Optimized Aspheric Transition Zone Ablation Profile on Higher Order Aberrations During LASIK for Myopia (2009)

The OATz profile may decrease the surgically induced increase of higher order aberrations, especially spherical aberration, following LASIK. However, a study with equivalent treatment groups and larger sample sizes is required for a definitive conclusion.
Synthesis of Solid 2-Pyridylzinc Reagents and Their Application in Negishi Reactions (2013)

In search of alternatives to unstable or unreliable 2-pyridylboron reagents, we have explored two new varieties of solid, moderately air-stable 2-pyridylzinc reagents. Both reagents can be manipulated in air and are competent nucleophiles in Negishi cross-coupling reactions.
Adaptive Energy Threshold for Improved Co-existence Between Licensed Assisted Access and Wi-Fi (2017)

International audience
Distributed microwave effects in high speed semiconductor lasers (2002)

In this paper we analyze and experimentally show that high speed semiconductor lasers approximately 300 /spl mu/m long and operating at frequencies above 25 GHz should be treated as distributed electrical elements. The analysis and experiments indicate that the microwave propagation is lossy, slow wave and dispersive, and that these distributed effects have important implications for the use of directly modulated lasers in high speed optical links.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bridging Theory with Practice: An Exploratory Study of Visualization Use and Design for Climate Model Comparison (2015)

Evaluation methodologies in visualization have mostly focused on how well the tools and techniques cater to the analytical needs of the user. While this is important in determining the effectiveness of the tools and advancing the state-of-the-art in visualization research, a key area that has mostly been overlooked is how well established visualization theories and principles are instantiated in practice. This is especially relevant when domain experts, and not visualization researchers, design visualizations for analysis of their data or for broader dissemination of scientific knowledge. There is very little research on exploring the synergistic capabilities of cross-domain collaboration between domain experts and visualization researchers. To fill this gap, in this paper we describe the results of an exploratory study of climate data visualizations conducted in tight collaboration with a pool of climate scientists. The study analyzes a large set of static climate data visualizations for identifying their shortcomings in terms of visualization design. The outcome of the study is a classification scheme that categorizes the design problems in the form of a descriptive taxonomy. The taxonomy is a first attempt for systematically categorizing the types, causes, and consequences of design problems in visualizations created by domain experts. We demonstrate the use of the taxonomy for a number of purposes, such as, improving the existing climate data visualizations, reflecting on the impact of the problems for enabling domain experts in designing better visualizations, and also learning about the gaps and opportunities for future visualization research. We demonstrate the applicability of our taxonomy through a number of examples and discuss the lessons learnt and implications of our findings.
Table S3 from MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell lines used in this study&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of Breath-Hold Contrast-Enhanced 3D Magnetic Resonance Angiography Technique for Imaging Visceral Abdominal Arteries and Veins (2000)

Image quality was optimal in more than 85% of the patients (19/21 arterial phase and 17/21 portal venous phase). MRA correctly predicted vascular status in 20 of 21 patients (95%), with complete concordance between MRA results and surgical findings. In one patient with chronic pancreatitis, MRA demonstrated a false-positive finding that could not be confirmed surgically. CONCLUSIONS. Breath-hold contrast-enhanced 3D-MRA is a valuable technique for assessing visceral abdominal arteries and veins.
Selective Spanning with Fast Enumeration: A Near Maximum-Likelihood MIMO Detector Designed for Parallel Programmable Baseband Architectures (2008)

ML and near-ML MIMO detectors have attracted a lot of interest in recent years. However, almost all of the reported implementations are delivered in ASIC or FPGA. Our contribution is to co-optimize the near-ML MIMO detector algorithm and implementation for parallel programmable base-band architectures, such as DSPs with VLIW, SIMD or vector processing features. Although for hardware the architecture can be tuned to fit algorithms, for programmable platforms the algorithm must be elaborately designed to fit the given architecture, so that efficient resource-utilizations can be achieved. By thoroughly analyzing and exploiting the interaction between algorithms and architectures, we propose the SSFE (selective spanning with fast enumeration) as an architecture-friendly near-ML MIMO detector. The SSFE has a distributed and greedy algorithmic structure that brings a completely deterministic and regular dataflow. The SSFE has been evaluated for coded OFDM transmissions over 802.11n channels and 3GPP channels. Under the same performance constraints, the complexity of the SSFE is significantly lower than the K-Best, the most popular detector implemented in hardware. More importantly, SSFE can be easily parallelized and efficiently mapped on programmable baseband architectures. With TI TMS320C6416, the SSFE delivers 37.4 - 125.3 Mbps throughput for 4x4 64 QAM transmissions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported near-ML MIMO detector explicitly designed for parallel programmable architectures and demonstrated on a real-life platform.
Benefits of Hierarchical Spatial Bypassing and Spectral Grooming in Spatial Channel Networks (2020)

We show that hierarchical spatial bypassing and spectral grooming are beneficial in the SDM era in terms of total node-cost reduction while maintaining a reasonably high spectral efficiency and optical reach extension for optical signals that spatially bypass the overlying WDM layer.
Identification of Metastasis-related Genes in a Mouse Model Using a Library of Randomized Ribozymes (2004)

Libraries of randomized ribozymes have considerable potential as tools for the identification of functional genes critically involved in a biological phenotype of interest in vitro. We have used a ribozyme library in an in vivo mouse model to identify genes related to metastasis. We injected weakly metastatic melanoma cells that had been treated with the library intravenously into mice. We then isolated ribozymes that accelerated metastasis from pulmonary tumors that had developed from metastasizing cells. As candidates for metastasis-related genes that were targets of the isolated ribozymes, we identified five unknown and three known genes: stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), polymerase gamma2 accessory subunit (Polg2), and cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22 (Cyp2d22). Repression of four of these by small interfering RNAs indeed resulted in the accelerated mobility of cells in in vitro scratch-wound assay. The further characterization of these candidate genes would provide clues to the complex mechanism(s) of metastasis.
An educational tool for fuzzy logic-controlled BDCM (2002)

Fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) have gained popularity in the past few decades with successful implementation in many areas, including electrical machines' drive control. Many colleges are now offering fuzzy logic courses due to successful applications of FLCs in nonlinear systems. However, teaching students a fuzzy logic controlled drive system in a laboratory, or training technical staff, is time consuming and may be an expensive task. This paper presents an educational tool for fuzzy logic controlled brushless direct current motor (BDCM), which is a part of a virtual electrical machinery laboratory project. The tool has flexible structure and graphical interface. Motor and controller parameters of the drive system can be changed easily under different operating conditions.