gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissection of the Mouse N- ras Gene Upstream Regulatory Sequences and Identification of the Promoter and a Negative Regulatory Element (1991)

The 5' flanking region of the mouse N-ras gene was investigated to determine the elements governing transcriptional activity of the gene. The promoter did not contain typical TATA or CCAAT boxes, and according to primer extension and RNase protection analyses, transcription started at several sites. These assays also confirmed the short nucleotide distance interposed between the N-ras transcription unit and the previously described upstream unr gene. Chromatin studies performed by digestion of nuclei with DNase I revealed the presence of four hypersensitive sites: a, b, c, and d. Deletion mutagenesis of the 5' flanking region revealed sequences responsible for both promotion and inhibition of transcription. These sequences resided within 230 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site. Hypersensitive site b colocalized with the 76-bp segment with promoter activity. The negative regulatory element at position -180 colocalized with hypersensitive site a, was active on the N-ras promoter in stable as well as transient assays, and down-regulated the heterologous herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter. Footprint analysis and in vivo transfection-competition experiments indicated that a trans-acting factor is responsible for the negative effect on transcription. The interaction between the cis-acting negative regulatory element and the promoter region may play a role in the tissue- and developmental-stage-specific patterns of expression of the N-ras gene.
The lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase knockout mouse model of insulin resistance and obesity demonstrates early hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivity (2012)

Obesity and diabetes are closely associated with hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this study, the diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mouse was used to test the hypothesis that chronically elevated metabolic parameters associated with the development of obesity such as cholesterol and glucose can aggravate basal HPA axis activity. Because the lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase (L-PGDS) knockout (KO) mouse is a model of accelerated insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and obesity, it was further hypothesized that HPA activity would be greater in this model. Starting at 8 weeks of age, the L-PGDS KO and C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a low-fat or high-fat diet. After 20 or 37 weeks, fasting metabolic parameters and basal HPA axis hormones were measured and compared between genotypes. Correlation analyses were performed to identify associations between obesity-related chronic metabolic changes and changes in the basal activity of the HPA axis. Our results have identified strong positive correlations between total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and HPA axis hormones that increase with age in the C57BL/6 mice. These data confirm that obesity-related elevations in cholesterol and glucose can heighten basal HPA activity. Additionally, the L-PGDS KO mice show early elevations in HPA activity with no age-related changes relative to the C57BL/6 mice.
Dihydrolevobunolol is a Potent Ocular β-adrenoceptor Antagonist (1987)

The ocular beta-adrenoceptor antagonist activity of dihydrolevobunolol (DHLB), the major ocular and systemic metabolite of levobunolol was investigated by determining its ability to block isoproterenol-induced ocular hypotension in normotensive rabbits. Topically-applied 0.001% and 0.01% DHLB virtually abolished the response to isoproterenol, indicating a beta-blocking potency similar to that of timolol. Thus, the ocular metabolism of levobunolol leads to the formation of a highly potent beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that may contribute to its clinical efficacy.
A selective HDAC8 inhibitor potentiates antitumor immunity and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma (2021)

Insufficient T cell infiltration into noninflamed tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), restricts the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) for a subset of patients. Epigenetic therapy provides further opportunities to rewire cancer-associated transcriptional programs, but whether and how selective epigenetic inhibition counteracts the immune-excluded phenotype remain incompletely defined. Here, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27)-specific isozyme overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, thwarts HCC tumorigenicity in a T cell-dependent manner. The tumor-suppressive effect of selective HDAC8 inhibition was abrogated by CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell depletion or regulatory T cell adoptive transfer. Chromatin profiling of human HDAC8-expressing HCCs revealed genome-wide H3K27 deacetylation in 1251 silenced enhancer-target gene pairs that are enriched in metabolic and immune regulators. Mechanistically, down-regulation of HDAC8 increased global and enhancer acetylation of H3K27 to reactivate production of T cell-trafficking chemokines by HCC cells, thus relieving T cell exclusion in both immunodeficient and humanized mouse models. In an HCC preclinical model, selective HDAC8 inhibition increased tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and potentiated eradication of established hepatomas by anti-PD-L1 therapy without evidence of toxicity. Mice treated with HDAC8 and PD-L1 coblockade were protected against subsequent tumor rechallenge as a result of the induction of memory T cells and remained tumor-free for greater than 15 months. Collectively, our study demonstrates that selective HDAC8 inhibition elicits effective and durable responses to ICB by co-opting adaptive immunity through enhancer reprogramming.
Interindividual Variability in Metabolism of [6]-Shogaol by Gut Microbiota (2017)

[6]-Shogaol (6S), one of the major bioactive components in dry ginger, is attracting considerable attention because of its wide spectrum of biological activities, but its metabolic fate is still not fully understood. In the present study, the microbial metabolism of 6S was examined for the first time in in vitro batch fecal fermentation system and in mice. Two major microbial metabolites were detected and identified as 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-ol (M9) and 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (M11). Our results indicated that reductions of the double bond and the ketone group are the major metabolic pathways of 6S by the human gut microbiota. We also observed the interindividual variability in the metabolism of M11 to M9 by human gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrated that the glucuronidated form of 6S and its metabolites could be rapidly deconjugated by human gut microbiota and in mice, which can be regarded as a reactive process taking place in the intestinal tract. To our knowledge, this is the first report involving the identification of the microbial metabolites of 6S in an in vitro fermentation system, and the first demonstration of the critical role of gut microbiota in producing the bioactive free form of 6S and its metabolites in the intestinal tract in mice.
Adrenergic Agents, II1): 1‐Aryl‐N2‐alkyl‐ethanediamines as Isosters of Adrenergic Arylethanolamines (1990)

A family of 1-aryl-N2-alkyl-ethanediamines 1 isosteric with the N-alkyl-arylethanolamines are described. Although the prepared compounds were generally less potent than the N-alkyl-arylethanolamines, the 1-aryl-N'-(phenylmethyl)-N-alkyl-1,2-ethanediamines derivatives 6, are more active than the debenzylated free amino analogs 1, which may be indicative of the importance of the lipophilicity of the substituent at the alpha position to the aromatic ring.
Geometry-Aware Satellite-to-Ground Image Synthesis for Urban Areas (2020)

We present a novel method for generating panoramic street-view images which are geometrically consistent with a given satellite image. Different from existing approaches that completely rely on a deep learning architecture to generalize cross-view image distributions, our approach explicitly loops in the geometric configuration of the ground objects based on the satellite views, such that the produced ground view synthesis preserves the geometric shape and the semantics of the scene. In particular, we propose a neural network with a geo-transformation layer that turns predicted ground-height values from the satellite view to a ground view while retaining the physical satellite-to-ground relation. Our results show that the synthesized image retains well-articulated and authentic geometric shapes, as well as texture richness of the street-view in various scenarios. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our method compares favorably to other state-of-the-art approaches that lack geometric consistency.
Problems and Questions (1953)

Frank C. Gentry, Norman Anning, R. E. Horton, N. A. Court, H. E. Fettis, F. J. Duarte, J. E. Foster, M. S. Klamkin, Robert Bonic, Leon Bankoff, E. P. Starke, D. L. MacKay, Prasert Na Nagara, John Jones, Jr., Ward Bouwsma, L. C. May, H. M. Gehman, P. D. Thomas, Dewey Duncan, Harry M. Gehman, H. W. Gould, Arthur Gregory, Mason Phelps, Fred Marer, Charles Salkind, L. A. Ringenberg, William Leong, H. F. Fehr, Vern Hoggatt, Malcolm Robertson, T. C. Wilderman, Joseph Kennedy, Richard Couchman, M. P. Fobes, V. C. Harris, B. K. Gold, Edwin Tabor, R. E. Winger, J. M. Howell, Monte Dernham, Norman Anning, M. Kraitchik, Problems and Questions, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 26, No. 5 (May - Jun., 1953), pp. 277-290
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR NITRENE CARBON‐HYDROGEN INSERTIONS MEDIATED BY TRANSITION‐METAL COMPLEXES AS NITROGEN ANALOGS OF CYTOCHROME P‐450 REACTIONS (1984)

Abstract Das aus dem Benzolsulfonamid (IV) mit Phenyliodosodiacetat erhaltene Imidanaloge (I) des Iodosobenzols (Ausb. 89%) zersetzt sich bei 100‐110°C explosionsartig und bildet, in CH 3 CN suspendiert, in Gegenwart von Fe(III)‐tetraphenylporphyrinchlorid (Fe(III)‐TPPCl) über das entsprechende Nitren das Einschiebungsprodukt (II) und die Sulfonamide (III) und (IV).
python-pillow/Pillow: 8.4.0 (2021)

https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.4.0.html Changes Don't use bitmap glyphs when drawing text with stroker #5761 [@nulano] Make TIFF strip size configurable #5744 [@kmilos] Fixed Python errors when saving a (0, 0) TIFF image #5750 [@radarhere] Prefer global transparency in GIF when replacing with background color #5756 [@radarhere] Update winbuild libimagequant to 2.16.0 #5727 [@nulano] Accept methods cleanup #5724 [@radarhere] Remove raqm.cmake #5722 [@nulano] Moved _info function into docstring #5710 [@radarhere] Added "exif" keyword argument to TIFF saving #5575 [@radarhere] Copy Python palette to new image in quantize() #5696 [@radarhere] Read ICO AND mask from end #5667 [@radarhere] Actually check the framesize in FliDecode.c #5659 [@wiredfool] Dependencies Upgrade Raqm to 0.7.2 #5736 [@nulano] Updated Ghostscript to 9.55.0 #5735 [@radarhere] Updated fribidi to 1.0.11 #5732 [@radarhere] Updated libimagequant to 2.16.0 #5726 [@radarhere] Updated harfbuzz to 3.0.0 #5720 [@radarhere] Updated harfbuzz to 2.9.1 #5705 [@radarhere] Documentation Updated capitalization #5746 [@radarhere] Updated macOS tested Pillow versions #5737 [@radarhere] Updated macOS tested Pillow versions #5719 [@radarhere] Docs: Update CI targets table #5713 [@hugovk] Updated docstring #5708 [@radarhere] Docs: Temporarily pin docutils to fix bullets in sphinx_rtd_theme #5704 [@hugovk] Testing Delete tidelift.yml #5765 [@hugovk] Test Python 3.10.0 final on GitHub Actions #5748 [@hugovk] [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate #5747 [@pre-commit-ci] Add CentOS Stream 8 #5714 [@hugovk] Improve the fuzzer wrt. the current atheris version #5688 [@Google-Autofuzz] CI: Split MINGW to own workflow, remove redundant job #5709 [@hugovk] Install numpy on Python 3.10 #5702 [@radarhere]
Evaluation of VoIP media security for smartphones in the context of IMS (2011)

Market research reports by In-Stat, Gartner, and the Swedish Post and Telecom Agency (PTS) reveal a growing worldwide demand for Voice over IP (VoIP) and smartphones. This trend is expected to continue over the coming years and there is wide scope for mobile VoIP solutions. With this growth in VoIP adoption come challenges related with quality of service and security. Most consumer VoIP solutions, even in PCs, analog telephony adapters, and home gateways, do not yet support media encryption or other forms of security. VoIP applications based on mobile platforms are even further behind in adopting media security. In this paper, we explore the alternatives and feasibility of achieving VoIP media security for smartphones in the realm of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).
Publisher’s Note: Infrared Topological Plasmons in Graphene [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 245301 (2017)] (2017)

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.245301.
Vex—A CAD toolbox (1999)

Article Vex—A CAD toolbox Share on Authors: Jules P. Bergmann Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Mark A. Horowitz Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999 Pages 523–528https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.309991Online:01 June 1999Publication History 3citation217DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads217Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Wideband and ultra-dense WDM transmission technologies toward over 10-Tb/s capacity (2002)

Summary form only given. We have discussed three topics for achieving over-10-Tb/s WDM systems, which are spectral efficiency, wideband optical amplifier, and transmission issues. The polarization division multiplexing/demultiplexing, the gain-shifted Tm-doped fiber amplifier (GS-TDFA) S-band amplifiers and the distributed Raman amplification for S-band excess loss compensation demonstrated their effectiveness up to 10-Tb/s capacity transmission. The inter-band Raman scattering was pointed out to be the ultimate issue in ultrawideband WDM system. Further technology progress, such as advanced Raman effect control, will hopefully open the path to 100-Tb/s capacity which was recently discussed to be an upper bound capacity of single optical fiber within 15-THz bandwidth based on information theory.
Reply (1990)

Maguen, Ezra M.D.; Martinez, Marvin B.Sc.; Grundfest, Warren M.D.; Papaioannou, Thanassis M.Sc.; Berlin, Michael M.D.; Nesburn, Anthony B. M.D.
Kenaf fiber/poly(ε‐caprolactone) biocomposite with enhanced crystallization rate and mechanical properties (2007)

Abstract Plant‐derived kenaf fiber (KF)‐reinforced poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) biocomposites were successfully fabricated by the melt mixing technique. The crystallization behavior, morphology, and mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of PCL/KF composites with various KF weight contents were investigated. The crystallization rate, tensile and storage moduli significantly improved as compared to the virgin polymer. The half times of PCL/KF composite (20 wt % fiber content) in isothermal crystallization at 40°C and 45°C reduced to 31.6% and 42.0% of the neat PCL, respectively. Moreover, the tensile and storage modulus of the composite are improved by 146% and 223%, respectively, by the reinforcement with 30% KF. The morphology evaluated by SEM indicates good dispersion and adhesion between KF and PCL. Overall, these findings reveal that KF can be a potential reinforcement for the biodegradable polymer composites owing to its good ability to improve the mechanical properties as well as crystallization rate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
New anti‐RNS and ‐RCS products for cosmetic treatment (2005)

Oxidants and free radicals are known to be a very important factor in skin aging, taking an active part in lipidic peroxidation, breakage of proteins and DNA, etc. The most well-known are reactive oxygen species (ROS), for example, superoxide radical anion, or more commonly called, superoxide (O), hydroxyl radical (OH(*)) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Both free radicals and other oxidants can be generated by metabolic activity within the cell and by other environmental challenges,. In addition, other dangerous species are known such as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Some of the most important RNS are peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), nitrogen dioxide radical ((*)NO(2)) and the nitronium ion (NO). For RCS, some of the most important are 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), acrolein (ACR), malondialdehyde (MDA) or glyoxal (GXL). Both compounds (RNS and RCS) are thought to play an important role in many diseases and in skin aging, for example, collagen cross-linking, DNA damage, protein tyrosine nitration, etc. This work investigates two new specific chemicals: Lipochroman-6((R))- an anti-RNS which shows good results in inhibiting the nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite, and Aldenine((R))- a tripeptide anti-RCS which protects cells from reactive carbonyl compounds such as HNE or ACR; it also shows the ability to prevent glycation of proteins, specifically by superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Light‐emitting diode therapy in exercise‐trained mice increases muscle performance, cytochrome c oxidase activity, ATP and cell proliferation (2014)

Light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) applied over the leg, gluteus and lower-back muscles of mice using a LED cluster (630 nm and 850 nm, 80 mW/cm(2) , 7.2 J/cm(2) ) increased muscle performance (repetitive climbing of a ladder carrying a water-filled tube attached to the tail), ATP and mitochondrial metabolism; oxidative stress and proliferative myocyte markers in mice subjected to acute and progressive strength training. Six bi-daily training sessions LEDT-After and LEDT-Before-After regimens more than doubled muscle performance and increased ATP more than tenfold. The effectiveness of LEDT on improving muscle performance and recovery suggest applicability for high performance sports and in training programs. Positioning of the mice and light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) applied on mouse legs, gluteus and lower-back muscles without contact.
Thermal Analysis of MEMS Actuator Performance (2007)

A MEMS based device consisting of microactuators was modeled using finite element analysis. The temperature profile of the complete package was obtained and compared to experimental measurements. Good agreement was found between the modeling and measurements. Parametric studies of potential design parameters of the chip package to decrease the power requirements to the actuators have been studied. Increasing the gap between the handle layer and the device layer of the SOI (silicon on insulator) chip from 2 to 3 microns resulted in a reduction of 10% (0.2 Watts) per beam of the actuator. A glass top chip proved to be better at reducing the power requirements for the actuators when compared to a silicon top chip. Modeling shows that relief cuts in the substrate had a larger effect on the power reduction compared to those on the top chip since the heat conduction path to the substrate is a lower resistance path. The power reduction was as high as 50% (1.1 Watts) per beam of the actuator, when the relief cut in the substrate was 50 microns.
Copper‐Catalyzed Halogen Exchange in Aryl Halides: An Aromatic Finkelstein Reaction. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Assignment of the gene for human neutral alpha-glucosidase C to chromosome 15 (1980)

Human neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) can be separated from the homologous mouse isozyme by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 6.5. A total of 40 clones (13 primary and 27 secondary) were derived from eight separate hybridization experiments between the mouse HPRT deficient RAG cell line and eight different human long term lymphoid cell lines or fetal cells. The thirteen primary clones showed 100% concordance between the expression of the human enzyme and the presence or absence of human chromosome 15. Analysis of the 27 secondary clones showed only two subclones discordant for segregation of human GANC and enzyme markers for 15. The two apparently discordant clones for human GANC were both derived from the same RAG X human fetal lung primary clone, and both lacked GANC activity, while retaining a 15. Since human GANC is polymorphic with a null allele at high frequency (MARTINIUK and HIRSCHHORN, 1980), it is possible that these subclones carried one chromosome with a null allele for GANC. Alternatively there could been an undetected chromosome break between the GANC locus and the loci of the marker enzymes. Whatever the reason for the two apparently discordant subclones, combined data from all 40 clones show 95% concordant segregation for human GANC and No. 15.
A proposed chemically pumped laser based on the b to X transition in O/sub 2/ (1988)

Simple kinetics calculations demonstrate that the well-known electronic energy pooling reaction involving O/sub 2/(a/sup 1/ Delta ) is capable of producing an effective population inversion in O/sub 2/(b/sup 1/ Sigma ). The densities of O/sub 2/(a/sup 1/ Delta ) which are potentially achievable suggest that the extractable energy storage density of an O/sub 2/(b to X) chemical laser might exceed 0.5 MJ/m/sup 3/. The b to X emission lifetime measurements conducted under conditions of high relative O/sub 2/(b/sup 1/ Sigma ) density reveal no evidence of rapid self-quenching effects which would be potentially detrimental to laser performance. The relatively long energy storage times predicted, together with freedom from reagent mixing requirements, make such a laser an attractive alternative to other existing and proposed short wavelength chemical lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>