gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
POWER5 system microarchitecture (2005)

This paper describes the implementation of the IBM POWER5™ chip, a two-way simultaneous multithreaded dual-core chip and systems based on it. With a key goal of maintaining both binary and structural compatibility with POWER4™ systems, the POWER5 microprocessor allows system scalability to 64 physical processors. A POWER5 system allows both single-threaded and multithreaded execution modes. In single-threaded execution mode, a POWER5 system allows for higher performance than its predecessor POWER4 system at equivalent frequencies. In multithreaded execution mode, the POWER5 microprocessor implements dynamic resource balancing to ensure that each thread receives its fair share of system resources. Additionally, software-settable thread priority is enforced by the POWER5 hardware. To conserve power, the POWER5 chip implements dynamic power management that allows reduced power consumption without affecting performance.
Thermal-Aware Scheduling of Critical Applications Using Job Migration and Power-Gating on Multi-core Chips (2011)

Multi-core System-on-Chip (SoC) has become a popular execution platform for many embedded real-time systems. As CMOS transistors continue to shrink down to the nanoscale regime, it becomes more susceptible to various reliability threats mainly due to thermal hotspots. To improve the reliability of embedded real-time systems, dynamic thermal management (DTM) is required for mission/safety- critical applications running on a multi-core chip to avoid possible thermal hazards while meeting the applications' timing constraints. In this paper, we propose an efficient runtime thermal- aware scheduler (TAS) using job-migration and power-gating techniques to avoid the thermal hotspots on a multi-core chip. Before runtime, the TAS distributes the periodic real-time tasks to cores using the tasks' execution profiles to balance the utilization of functional units on the chip. At runtime, the TAS periodically monitors the core temperatures and triggers one of the following pre-defined thermal management schemes depending on the level of the measured core temperature: (i) migrating jobs running on hot cores to other cooler cores to reduce the workloads on the hot cores, or (ii) turning off hot cores for a certain period of time to cool them down. All tasks' timing constraints are guaranteed during the job migrations and powering cores on/off. Our in-depth evaluation has shown that the proposed TAS can effectively minimize the thermal hotspots on a multi-core chip without violating any application timing constraint.
Advanced Physical Inspection Methods for Counterfeit IC Detection (2014)

Abstract Possible methods for counterfeit electronic part detection can be classified into two main categories: physical inspection and electrical testing. The physical inspection techniques can potentially be extended to different integrated circuit (IC) types; however, there are some challenges. The major contribution of this paper is to tackle these issues by introducing and optimizing two novel three and four dimensional imaging techniques that can provide us with the necessary information on interior and exterior geometry along with the material composition for the parts under test: four-dimensional scanning electron microscopy and dual energy 3D x-ray microscopy. In this study, advanced image processing and image analysis tools are utilized to establish a more consistent and accurate image perception. Inconsistencies within the samples and their defects are also used as an alternative to having a golden IC. However, the final decision has further been validated using results from five known authentic samples.
Approximate analytical description for fundamental-mode fields of graded-index fibers: beyond the Gaussian approximation (2001)

An approximate analytical description for fundamental-mode fields of graded-index fibers is explicitly presented by use of the power-series expansion method, the maximum-value condition at the fiber axis, the decay properties of fundamental-mode fields at large distance from the fiber axis, and the approximate modal parameters U obtained from the Gaussian approximation. This analytical description is much more accurate than the Gaussian approximation and at the same time keep the simplicity of the latter. As two special examples, we present the approximate analytical formulas for the fundamental-mode fields of a step profile fiber and a Gaussian profile fiber, and we find that they are both highly accurate in the single-mode range by comparing them with the corresponding exact solutions.
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation and subsequent immunotherapy with antiGD2 antibody for patients with relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma. (2015)

10056 Background: Pediatric patients with relapsed metastatic neuroblastomas have a poor prognosis and additional therapeutic strategies are needed. We present results of a phase I/II-trial with subsequent immunotherapy with an anti-GD2mAb (CH14.18/CHO) after HLA mismatched, haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT). Methods: T- and B-cell depleted stem cells from parental donors were used in combination with Melphalan140mg/m², Thiotepa10mg/kg, Fludarabin160mg/m² and ATG-F. Infusions with CH14.18/CHOmAb were started on day 60-180 posttransplant: 6 cycles with 20mg/m²/day x 5 days; in cycles 4-6, 1x106 U/m² Interleukin 2 (IL2) was given additionally. The disease status was evaluated with whole body MRI, MIBG scan and bone marrow aspirates. Results: 34 patients with 1st or 2nd metastatic relapse were enrolled. During antibody infusions, endogenous secretion of IL2 was increased (928U/ml prior vs. 1690U/ml post, p < 0.001), which resulted in significantly increased numbers of activated CD69+ Natural Killer (NK) cells (3 vs. 13% p < 0.01). In 5/7 investigated patients, effective ADCC and complement mediated (CDC) anti-tumor effects against neuroblastoma cells were detectable in vitro (85% specific lysis, E:T-ratio = 20:1, BATDA-release). 14/34 patients did not reach the end of the protocol (due to side effects, n = 2; TRM, n = 1; progression or relapse, n = 11). 8/34 patients could maintain a CR, 9/34 patients improved their partial remission and achieved CR, 3/34 patients had stable disease. Thus, success of treatment defined as stable disease or improvement was shown in 59%. Progression free survival at 2 and 3 years was 55% and 38% (median follow up: 550 days). Frequent side effects were pain, fever and CRP elevation; rare side effects comprised SIRS/capillary leak syndrome, seizures, and accommodation disturbances. Only 1 patient developed transient acute GvHD grade II. Conclusions: CH14.18/CHO infusions after haploidentical stem cell transplantation appear to be feasible without increased risk of inducing GvHD. Results of our study also suggest an anti tumor effect of the new, donor-derived immune system in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trial information: NCT02258815.
Cooperative multicast resource allocation strategy (2014)

In this paper we propose a new cooperative video multicast strategy, the so called Coordinated Multiple Relays (CoMR). The strategy is based on an efficient one-to-many resource sharing technique which exploits the space diversity of the two hop topology. The proposed scheme ensures a) significant gain in terms of coverage provided by relay deployment, b) boosted Signal to Interference and Noise Ratios (SINRs) at the second phase of the two hop transmission due to the positive superposition of synchronous transmissions, and c) the flexibility to switch to non-cooperative mode whenever cooperation is no longer beneficial. The new scheme showed considerable enhancement of both system throughput and user fairness and noticeable improvement in terms of energy efficiency compared to the non-cooperative multicast scheme.
Ion-induced DNA structure change in nucleosomes (1986)

Physical methods have been used to study calcium binding to the nucleosome core particle. Equilibrium dialysis of Ca2+ and spectroscopic analysis of a Ca2+ analogue show that the ion binds tightly to the particles, resulting in a significant change of DNA circular dichroism. This suggests that base stacking may be altered as a result of Ca2+ binding. In the presence of Ca2+, the absorbance and fluorescence properties of methylene blue (MB), a DNA-specific intercalator, confirm that the dye binds tightly to nucleosomes by intercalation. However, secondary changes occur which suggest that the MB binding site is altered as a result of Ca2+ binding. Triplet state anisotropy decay and triplet lifetime quenching both show that in the Ca2+-nucleosome complex, methylene blue is capable of wobbling over a substantial angular range at its binding site. To explain these data, it is proposed that Ca2+ binding to nucleosomes causes DNA to fold by means of a series of sharp bends (kinks). The properties of bound MB are best explained if it is presumed that the intercalator binds tightly to such kinked sites in the nucleosome. On the basis of these observations, we discuss the possibility that multivalent ion concentration in the nucleus is high enough that the smooth to kinked helix equilibrium may be near to its midpoint. Near such a midpoint, the secondary structure of DNA in the nucleosome might prove to be sensitive to effector molecule binding and to site-specific variation of DNA or histone composition within genes.
Integration of thin layers of single-crystalline InP with flexible substrates (2008)

Transfer of thin semiconductor layers onto flexible substrates using a combination of ion cutting, adhesive bonding, and laser ablation was investigated. An ∼1.3μm thick InP layer was first transferred onto sapphire using adhesive bonding and hydrogen-induced layer exfoliation at ∼180°C. The resulting structure was then adhesively bonded onto flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate, followed by UV laser ablation of the first adhesive to separate the initial bond. Additional transfer steps were inserted into the process to enable thermal annealing and electrical recovery. The transferred films were electrically characterized and the potential use in high-speed, flexible electronics is discussed.
Identification of PCB congeners by collision-induced dissociation of [M − Cl + O]− from oxygen-enhanced negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1987)

Oxygen-enhanced negative chemical ionization MS is sensitive and specific for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) without isobaric interferences (qualitative or quantitative) from congeners of higher levels of chlorination. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of the [M − Cl + O]− ion of 40 PCB congeners have been acquired on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Qualitative relationships between structure of the congener and its CID spectrum suggest that reliable identification of PCB congeners is possible even where capillary column gas chromatographic separation is incomplete. Congeners with hydrogen atoms located para and meta to the biphenyl linkage show most abundant collision-induced loss of HCl, whereas congeners with a penta-chloro phenyl ring show least CID loss of HCl. Congeners IUPAC 105 and 121 have CID spectra suggesting a pathway for sequential loss of HCl and CO neutrals during the collision-induced dissociation of the [M − Cl + O]− ion of these molecules. Unambiguous identification of PCB congeners in natural materials will require a complete set of pure, synthetic PCB congeners: identification problems are illustrated using an extract of Northern Shark (dogfish) liver oil.
Analysis of Gaussian Optical Receivers (2013)

We present some analytical methods for Gaussian optical receivers whose impulse responses of optical and electrical filters are Gaussian. We obtain the Gaussian optical receiver's eigenmodes exactly in frequency domain. Their eigenfunctions are Hermite functions multiplied by a common phase factor. Using these eigenmodes, we investigate the probability distribution functions of the electrical filter's output before the decision circuit. We derive a bit-error rate (BER) expression in a closed form using the lowest-order eigenmode. It is valid when the optical filter bandwidth is comparable to the modulation bandwidth as in conventional high capacity optical wavelength-division multiplexing transmission systems. The BER expression can be applied also to non-Gaussian optical receivers.
Band-reconfigurable high-efficiency power amplifier using MEMS switches (2005)

A band-reconfigurable power amplifier (PA) is presented that comprises band-switchable matching networks with RF microelectromechanical systems switches. The fabricated triple-band PA achieves the output power of 30 dBm and the power added efficiency of 60% in three different frequency bands, 900 MHz, 1500 MHz, and 2000 MHz. Because the proposed band-reconfigurable PA can be extended to a larger number of frequency bands, it will contribute to "band-free" operation for future mobile terminals.
Learning to Extract Local Events from the Web (2015)

The goal of this work is extraction and retrieval of local events from web pages. Examples of local events include small venue concerts, theater performances, garage sales, movie screenings, etc. We collect these events in the form of retrievable calendar entries that include structured information about event name, date, time and location. Between existing information extraction techniques and the availability of information on social media and semantic web technologies, there are numerous ways to collect commercial, high-profile events. However, most extraction techniques require domain-level supervision, which is not attainable at web scale. Similarly, while the adoption of the semantic web has grown, there will always be organizations without the resources or the expertise to add machine-readable annotations to their pages. Therefore, our approach bootstraps these explicit annotations to massively scale up local event extraction.
Frequency domain soft-constraint multimodulus blind equalization for uplink SC-FDMA (2016)

Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has been adopted and employed as the standard in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uplink multiple-access scheme. It offers comparable performance and complexity to orthogonal frequency multiple access scheme (OFDMA) with a lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR) offering power-efficient transmission and longer battery life to mobile terminals. However, due to its single-carrier nature, SC-FDMA performance degrades in channels with long impulse responses and becomes prohibitive to equalize when implemented in time domain (TD). Furthermore, of the seven SC-FDMA symbols in the LTE uplink slot, one full symbol is used for channel estimation leading to about 14 % throughput degradation. In this work, a novel frequency domain soft-constraint satisfaction multimodulus blind algorithm (FDSCS-MMA) is developed and proposed. The frequency domain approach results in computational complexity reduction while blind implementation ensured improved spectral efficiency and throughput. The algorithm convergence is further improved by normalization of each of the frequency bin in the weight update. Simulation results show superior performance of the developed algorithm over other blind algorithms.
The Mercury Project: A High Average Power, Gas-Cooled Laser with Frequency Conversion and Wavefront Correction (2006)

The Mercury laser operated continuously for several hours at 55J and 10Hz with fourteen 4×6 cm2 Yb:S-FAP amplifier slabs pumped by eight 100kW diode arrays. Average power frequency conversion employing YCOB yielded 50% conversion efficiency.
Evaluation of line and hole measurement by high-resolution low-magnification CD SEM (2005)

ArF-resist-shrinkage and line-edge roughness-induced CD errors are the two main challenges for CD SEM. The requirement of measurement precision for the 65-nm node is less than 0.5 nm. The current CD SEM ADI precision is between 0.7 to 0.9 nm after shrinkage curve correction. Optical CD (OCD) has provided three major advantages. That is more sampling (> 2500:1), insensitivity to line edge roughness, and less resist damage. These advantages facilitate much better measurement precision (< 0.3 nm) than CD SEM and make OCD a potential APC metrology candidate. However, the recipe and library generation of OCD is more complicated and time consuming than CD SEM. Any thin-film variation will disturb the CD accuracy and recipe coverage range of OCD. For different pitches and film combinations, new OCD libraries need to be generated. Matching through all pitches between CD SEM and OCD is also very difficult. We propose a new concept on optical-CD-like CD SEM measurement, i.e. average line width (ALW) and contact hole diameter (ACD) measurement at high resolution and low magnification (HRLM) CD SEM. The resolution chosen is below 2nm and the magnification is 50KX. The low magnification CD measurement can average the e-beam dosage and reduce the ArF shrinkage. Several repeated patterns such as line/space and hole arrays are measured to get an averaged CD under lower magnification condition. These low magnification average CDs increase the sampling size and they are insensitive to the line edge roughness. The CD linearity of ALW/ACD and the CD matching to current CD SEM methodology will be presented. Small step FEM CD by low magnification and high magnification CD measurement will be studied. The difference between low/high magnification SEM and optical CD will be also studied.
Consistent Black-Oil PVT Table Modification (2007)

Abstract This paper presents a physically consistent approach to modify black-oil PVT tables for (1) eliminating, in some cases, so-called negative compressibilities, (2) extrapolating saturated and undersaturated properties to conditions beyond the limits of original PVT tables, and (3) guaranteeing physical consistency of gas and oil properties as a critical condition is approached. For a number of reasons a black-oil PVT table may contain inconsistencies that result in non-physical behavior in reservoir simulators, sometimes leading to slow run times and, sometimes, premature run termination. Physical inconsistencies can even arise when the black-oil PVT table is created by a physically-consistent EOS model. Black-oil behavior can also be inconsistent as a result of the method used to create the tables – e.g. correlations, conversion of laboratory data, or using EOS models where gas and oil phases are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Three main methods are developed in the paper. First, an analysis of negative compressibilities is given and an approach to eliminate the problem is proposed. Negative compressibilities can arise because derivatives are held constant from one pressure table point to the next, inconsistent with the pressure-dependent evaluation of properties themselves. The second contribution of our paper is a method to extrapolate an existing black-oil table to higher saturation pressures than found in the original table. Extrapolation is possible to any higher pressure – including a critical ("convergence") pressure where phase properties become identical. The proposed method uses a piecewise-linear log-log relationship between black-oil (surface gas and surface oil) K-values and pressure. Our final contribution is a consistent method to calculate saturated and undersaturated black-oil PVT properties at interior and extrapolated pressures to those in the original table. A cubic EOS and the LBC viscosity correlation methods are used to provide physical consistency, even approaching a critical condition where gas and oil properties must become equal.
Use of coreless induction melting for transuranic waste processing (1981)

In this study, we report a straightforward strategy for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ion detection. Fluorescent Au nanoparticles (NPs) were one-pot synthesized using a polymer (polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP]) as both capping and fluorescence agent. The as-synthesized PVP-Au NPs showed a remarkably rapid response selectively for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions compared to 14 other metal ions. The detection limit of Hg<sup>2+</sup> was estimated at 100 nM. We discuss the emission and quenching mechanism of the PVP-Au NPs, the former being attributed to metal enhanced fluorescence and the latter being related to static quenching by Hg<sup>2+</sup>. The fluorescence of PVP-Au NPs offers an efficient and reliable strategy for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions detection. They therefore have a great potential for applications in health and environmental monitoring.
Une approche de la categorisation de textes par l'apprentissage symbolique (1996)

L'objectif principal des travaux presentes dans cette these est de determiner si la classification automatique, en particulier au moyen de l'apprentissage symbolique supervise, peut etre appliquee a la categorisation de documents, tache qui permet d'affecter des categories semantiques a des documents en fonction de leur contenu. Le memoire s'articule autour de deux axes complementaires. L'axe principal consiste a determiner si les techniques d'apprentissage apportent des solutions aux preoccupations de la recherche documentaire, en particulier le filtrage de documents. Dans cette optique, il est necessaire de prendre en compte les caracteristiques des collections textuelles, en particulier celles liees aux dimensions des donnees textuelles (plusieurs milliers d'exemples et des dizaines de milliers d'attributs), qui sortent du cadre classique des applications de l'apprentissage. Ce probleme constitue le second axe de notre travail. Pour des raisons de complexite, notre demarche est d'introduire une etape prealable de selection d'attributs avant tout apprentissage. Ceci nous conduit a proposer une methode originale de reduction, appelee scar, qui tire parti des caracteristiques des donnees textuelles. Nous comparons scar a deux methodes classiques pour la reduction de dimension. Nous evaluons ces methodes sur la collection reuters-22 173, dont la taille est consequente. Nous nous interessons ensuite aux liens entre le presuppose d'apprentissage (nature de l'apprentissage) et les donnees textuelles, dans l'optique d'une application au filtrage. Nos resultats montrent que, malgre la relative equivalence observee en moyenne en comparant les differents algorithmes proposes, on peut distinguer une reelle influence du presuppose d'apprentissage sur la performance de l'algorithme, lorsque celui est applique a certaines classes de problemes que nous avons identifie.
Demo abstract (2013)

Motivated by an availability gap for visual media, where images and videos are uploaded from mobile devices well after they are generated, we explore the selective, timely retrieval of media content from a collection of mobile devices.