gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. (2008)

The ACL 2008 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT-08) took place on Thursday, June 19 in Columbus, Ohio, United States, immediately following the annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, which was hosted by the Ohio State University.

This is the third time this workshop has been held. It has its root in the ACL 2005 Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts In the following years the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation was held at HLT-NAACL 2006 in New York City, US, and at ACL 2007 in Prague, Czech Republic.

The focus of our workshop was to use parallel corpora for machine translation. Recent experimentation has shown that the performance of SMT systems varies greatly with the source language. In this workshop we encouraged researchers to investigate ways to improve the performance of SMT systems for diverse languages, including morphologically more complex languages and languages with partial free word order.

Prior to the workshop, in addition to soliciting relevant papers for review and possible presentation we conducted a shared task that brought together machine translation systems for an evaluation on previously unseen data. This year's task resembled the shared tasks of previous years in many ways, but also included Hungarian-English and Spanish-German as new language pairs. In addition, we evaluated submitted systems against new test sets from the newswire domain.

The results of the shared task were announced at the workshop, and these proceedings also include an overview paper for the shared task that summarizes the results, as well as provides information about the data used and any procedures that were followed in conducting or scoring the task. In addition, there are short papers from each participating team that describe their underlying system in some detail.

Due to the large number of high quality submission for the full paper track, shared task submissions were presented as posters. The poster session was held in the afternoon and gave participants of the shared task the opportunity to present their approaches. The rest of the day was devoted to oral paper presentations and Daniel Marcu's invited talk in the afternoon.

Like in previous years, we have received a far larger number of submission than we could accept for presentation. This year we have received 18 full paper submissions and 26 shared task submissions. In total WMT-08 featured 12 full paper oral presentations and 25 shared task poster presentations. The invited talk was given by Daniel Marcu of the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.
Subcellular Protein Localization by Using a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Amino Acid (2011)

CouAA-lescence: A fluorescent amino acid (CouAA) was site-specifically incorporated into FtsZ, the bacterial tubulin homologue, in living cells. FtsZCouAA is seen at the cleavage furrow during cell division to form the Z-ring. These studies provide the first example of a fully functional protein to be visualized in vivo by using a genetically incorporated fluorescent amino acid.
A Machine Learning Approach to Zeolite Synthesis Enabled by Automatic Literature Data Extraction (2019)

© 2019 American Chemical Society. Zeolites are porous, aluminosilicate materials with many industrial and "green" applications. Despite their industrial relevance, many aspects of zeolite synthesis remain poorly understood requiring costly trial and error synthesis. In this paper, we create natural language processing techniques and text markup parsing tools to automatically extract synthesis information and trends from zeolite journal articles. We further engineer a data set of germanium-containing zeolites to test the accuracy of the extracted data and to discover potential opportunities for zeolites containing germanium. We also create a regression model for a zeolite's framework density from the synthesis conditions. This model has a cross-validated root mean squared error of 0.98 T/1000 Å 3 , and many of the model decision boundaries correspond to known synthesis heuristics in germanium-containing zeolites. We propose that this automatic data extraction can be applied to many different problems in zeolite synthesis and enable novel zeolite morphologies.
Design of Hybrid Electrochromic Materials with Large Electrical Modulation of Plasmonic Resonances (2016)

We present a rational approach to fabricating plasmonically active hybrid polymer-metal nanomaterials with electrochemical tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of noble metal nanostructures embedded in an electroactive polymer matrix. The key requirement for being able to significantly modulate the LSPR band position is a close overlap between the refractive index change [Δn(λ)] of a stimuli-responsive polymeric matrix and the intrinsic LSPR bands. For this purpose, gold nanorods with a controlled aspect ratio, synthesized to provide high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining good oxidative stability, were combined with a solution-processable electroactive and electrochromic polymer (ECP): alkoxy-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) [PProDOT(CH2OEtHx)2]. Spectral characteristics of the ECP, in particular the Δn(λ) variation, were evaluated as the material was switched between oxidized and reduced states. We fabricated ultrathin plasmonic electrochromic hybrid films consisting of gold nanorods and ECP that exhibited a large, stable, and reversible LSPR modulation of up to 25-30 nm with an applied electrical potential. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm a good match between the experimentally measured refractive index change in the ECP and the plasmonic response during electrochemical modulations.
Nonlinear refraction dynamics of solvents and gases (2016)

We present measurements of the temporal and polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of selected organic solvents using our beam deflection (BD) method. These measurements allow us to separately determine the bound-electronic and nuclear responses which then determines the NLO response function. With this NLO response function the outcome of other experiments such as Z-scan as a function of pulse-width can be predicted. By performing similar measurements on the gas phase of these solvents we can compare the hyper-polarizabilities in the two phases.
Room‐temperature ionic liquids as replacements for organic solvents in multiphase bioprocess operations (2000)

Organic solvents are widely used in a range of multiphase bioprocess operations including the liquid–liquid extraction of antibiotics and two-phase biotransformation reactions. There are, however, considerable problems associated with the safe handling of these solvents which relate to their toxic and flammable nature. In this work we have shown for the first time that room-temperature ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimi- dazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6], can be successfully used in place of conventional solvents for the liquid–liquid extraction of erythromycin-A and for the Rhodococcus R312 catalyzed biotransformation of 1,3-dicyanobenzene (1,3-DCB) in a liquid–liquid, two-phase system. Extraction of erythromycin with either butyl acetate or [bmim][PF6] showed that values of the equilibrium partition coefficient, K, up to 20–25 could be obtained for both extractants. The variation of K with the extraction pH was also similar in the pH range 5–9 though differed significantly at higher pH values. Biotransformation of 1,3-DCB in both water–toluene and water–[bmim][PF6] systems showed similar profiles for the conversion of 1,3-DCB initially to 3-cyanobenzamide and then 3-cyanobenzoic acid. The initial rate of 3-cyanobenzamide production in the water-[bmim][PF6] system was somewhat lower, however, due to the reduced rate of 1,3-DCB mass transfer from the more viscous [bmim] [PF6] phase. It was also shown that the specific activity of the biocatalyst in the water-[bmim] [PF6] system was almost an order of magnitude greater than in the water–toluene system which suggests that the rate of 3-cyanobenzamide production was limited by substrate mass transfer rather than the activity of the biocatalyst. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 69: 227–233, 2000.
Data acquisition and simulation tools for virtual QKD testbed access – examples from the OPENQD project (2021)

The OPENQKD project is demonstrating deployed QKD networks in several European cities. We present a virtual QKD testbed that allows the user to monitor live data but also to re-enact the past QKD exchange over the various links, together with a QKD network simulation tool.
New Materials for Electrochemical Cells. (1987)

Abstract : The research had two main aims: (i) determination of the thermochemical, structural and electrochemical properties of insertion compounds and materials showing mixed electronic/ionic conduction, and (ii) the design, preparation and characterization of new materials for use as electrolytes or cathode materials in solid state cells. The progress of this research has been described in the series of scientific reports and renewal proposals submitted during the research period and discussed in detail through the scientific publications listed above. New ambient-temperature lithium and hydrogen insertion compounds have been prepared from the uranium oxides U3O8, alpha, gamma and delta UO3. Electrochemical and thermochemical parameters have been determined for these phases and also for the hydrogen insertion compounds of vanadium oxide mixed molybdenumtungsten trioxides and new structural modifications tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide; the phase previously known as hexagonal MoO3 has been shown to be a partially deammoniated and dehydrated ammonium decamolybdate.
Teaching (2017)

Teaching Richard Hague Winter 2004 What should be mostly silenceis too loud.Everyone throws stones into the river.Everyone wants to catch the birds.Everyone shoots the fish. Meanwhile, behind them,a sycamore swallows the sun.One sparrow folds all darkness in its wings.A worm turns as surely as historyin the intricate gut of a hawk. [End Page 147] Richard Hague Richard Hague's prose has appeared in his collections Milltown Natural: Essays & Stories From a Life; Learning How: Stories, Yarns, & Tales; and Lives of the Poem: Community & Connection in a Writing Life, as well as in Creative Nonfiction, Appalachian Journal, Now & Then, Pine Mountain Sand & Gravel, and several anthologies. He received the 2012 Weatherford Award in Poetry. He lives, writes, and operates a small urban farm in Cincinnati. Copyright © 2017 Berea College
Influence of Composition and Preparation Method on the Continuous Performance of Sn-Beta for Glucose-Fructose Isomerisation (2018)

The stability, activity and selectivity of various Sn-Beta catalysts are investigated to identify how the composition of the catalyst, in addition to its method of preparation, impact its ability to continuously isomerise glucose to fructose. Increasing the Sn loading in post-synthetically prepared catalysts leads to a decrease of both activity and stability. Accordingly, materials containing dilute amounts of Sn appear to be most suitable for continuous operation. Furthermore, the method of preparation has a profound impact on the overall performance of the catalyst. In fact, preparation of Sn-Beta by hydrothermal synthesis results in improvements of both activity and stability, with respect to the post-synthetic preparation of an otherwise-analogous material. The improved resistance of hydrothermal Sn-Beta is attributed, through a combination of operando UV–Vis, TPD-MS and vapour adsorption isotherms, to its greater resistance to deactivation by methanol (the reaction solvent). Complementary 119Sn CPMG MAS NMR experiments also indicate the presence of different Sn sites in the hydrothermal material, which, alongside the presence of a less adsorptive siliceous matrix, may be intrinsically less prone to solvent interaction than those present in post-synthetic Sn-Beta.
Safety and efficacy of coaxial lumen-apposing metal stents in the management of refractory gastrointestinal luminal strictures: a multicenter study (2017)

LAMS placement was successful for the management of refractory GI strictures, with good technical and initial clinical success rates. However, re-intervention rates after LAMS removal were high, and many strictures were not resolved by an extended period of stenting with these coaxial stents. LAMS placement offers additional therapeutic options and in selected cases might be considered a destination therapy for patients with recalcitrant benign strictures.
Tuning the solution organization of cationic polymers through interactions with bovine serum albumin (2017)

The interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with aggregates of cationic polymers, i.e. quaternized poly(chloromethyl styrene) chains (QIm-PCMS), in aqueous solutions are investigated using small angle neutron scattering on length scales relevant to the size of BSA. The arrangement of the macromolecular chains within their aggregates is consistent with a blob description of overlapping chains that contain hydrophobic domains. The local conformations depend on the salt content as in typical linear polyelectrolytes. Although the hydrophobic content of the cationic polymers does not cause measurable local morphology differences, the interactions with BSA are enhanced in the case of the not fully quaternized polymer. The secondary structure of BSA is critically compromised by the interaction with the quaternized polymers as the signature of the alpha helix conformation is lost. The complexation with BSA and the resulting enhancement of interchain associations on higher length scales are verified using dynamic light scattering experiments. This study demonstrates the ability to tune the polyelectrolyte/protein interactions and polyelectrolyte chain-chain associations by modifying the hydrophobic content of the polyelectrolytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Allylation with α‐Branched Allyl Sulfones. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Tunable IR differential absorption lidar for remote sensing of chemicals</title> (1999)

Standoff sensors for rapid remote detection of chemical emissions from either clandestine chemical production sites, chemical and biological warfare agents, concealed internal combustion engine emissions or rocket propellants from missiles are required for several DoD applications. The differential absorption lidar (DIAL) operating in the infrared wavelengths has established itself as a very effective tool for rapidly detecting many of the chemicals, with sufficient sensitivity with a range of several kilometers. The wavelengths required for this task lie within the atmospheric window regions 3 to 5 micrometers and 8 to 12 micrometers . We are currently developing a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) tunable in the 3 to 5 micrometers range for detecting low concentrations of chemical species with high sensitivity (5 ppb) and accuracy (error &lt; 10%) measurements for greater than 5 km range. We have successfully established the feasibility of an innovative frequency agile laser source which is the crucial component of the infrared DIAL. A diode-pumped ytterbium YAG laser was built for pumping and rapidly tuning an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) over the mid-infra red region. Good performance (5 mJ/pulse) of the laser and low threshold wide infra red tuning of OPO (2.2 - 3.1 micrometers ) were demonstrated. The simulated performance of the topographical IR-DIAL showed that 5 ppb concentration can be measured at 5 km range with a 35 cm telescope.
Detecting Dye-Contaminated Vegetables Using Low-Field NMR Relaxometry (2021)

Dyeing vegetables with harmful compounds has become an alarming public health issue over the past few years. Excessive consumption of these dyed vegetables can cause severe health hazards, including cancer. Copper sulfate, malachite green, and Sudan red are some of the non-food-grade dyes widely used on vegetables by untrusted entities in the food supply chain to make them look fresh and vibrant. In this study, the presence and quantity of dye-based adulteration in vegetables are determined by applying <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The proposed technique was validated by treating some vegetables in-house with different dyes and then soaking them in various solvents. The resulting solutions were collected and analyzed using NMR relaxometry. Specifically, the effective transverse relaxation time constant, <i>T</i><sub>2,<i>eff</i></sub>, of each solution was estimated using a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence. Finally, the estimated time constants (i.e., measured signatures) were compared with a library of existing <i>T</i><sub>2,<i>eff</i></sub> data to detect and quantify the presence of unwanted dyes. The latter consists of data-driven models of transverse decay times for various concentrations of each water-soluble dye. The time required to analyze each sample using the proposed approach is dye-dependent but typically no longer than a few minutes. The analysis results can be used to generate warning flags if the detected dye concentrations violate widely accepted standards for food dyes. The proposed low-cost detection approach can be used in various stages of a produce supply chain, including consumer household.
Retrofitting a two-way peg between blockchains (2019)

In December 2015, a bounty emerged to establish both reliable communication and secure transfer of value between the Dogecoin and Ethereum blockchains. This prized "Dogethereum bridge" would allow parties to "lock" a DOGE coin on Dogecoin and in exchange receive a newly minted WOW token in Ethereum. Any subsequent owner of the WOW token could burn it and, in exchange, earn the right to "unlock" a DOGE on Dogecoin. We describe an efficient, trustless, and retrofitting Dogethereum construction which requires no fork but rather employs economic collateral to achieve a "lock" operation in Dogecoin. The protocol relies on bulletproofs, Truebit, and parametrized tokens to efficiently and trustlessly relay events from the "true" Dogecoin blockchain into Ethereum. The present construction not only enables cross-platform exchange but also allows Ethereum smart contracts to trustlessly access Dogecoin. A similar technique adds Ethereum-based smart contracts to Bitcoin and Bitcoin data to Ethereum smart contracts.
Cross‐Metathesis Assisted by Microwave Irradiation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
H5N1 outbreaks and enzootic influenza (2006)

Abstract Ongoing outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in migratory waterfowl, domestic poultry, and humans in Asia during the summer of 2005 present a continuing, protean pandemic threat. We review the zoonotic source of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses and their genesis from their natural reservoirs. The acquisition of novel traits, including lethality to waterfowl, ferrets, felids, and humans, indicates an expanding host range. The natural selection of nonpathogenic viruses from heterogeneous subpopulations cocirculating in ducks contributes to the spread of H5N1 in Asia. Transmission of highly pathogenic H5N1 from domestic poultry back to migratory waterfowl in western China has increased the geographic spread. The spread of H5N1 and its likely reintroduction to domestic poultry increase the need for good agricultural vaccines. In fact, the root cause of the continuing H5N1 pandemic threat may be the way the pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses is masked by cocirculating influenza viruses or bad agricultural vaccines.
Cover Image (2018)

The cover image, by Karolina E. Kaczor-Urbanowicz al., is based on the Other Salivary exRNA biomarkers to detect gingivitis and monitor disease regression, DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12930. Image Credit: NIH Common Fund.
5-HT1F receptor agonists inhibit neurogenic dural inflammation in guinea pigs (1997)

The serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype mediating inhibition of neurogenic dural inflammation in guinea pigs was investigated using a series of serotonin agonists with differing affinities for the 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptors. When agonist potencies for inhibiting neurogenic inflammation were compared with affinities for these receptor subtypes, a significant positive correlation was seen only with the 5-HT1F receptor. The potency of agonists in inhibiting adenylate cyclase in cells transfected with human 5-HT1F receptor was also highly correlated with their potency in the animal model of migraine. In situ hybridization demonstrated 5-HT1F receptor mRNA in guinea pig trigeminal ganglion neurons. These data suggest that the 5-HT1F receptor is a rational target for migraine therapeutics.
A parallel two-pass MDL context tree algorithm for universal source coding (2014)

We present a novel lossless universal source coding algorithm that uses parallel computational units to increase the throughput. The length-N input sequence is partitioned into B blocks. Processing each block independently of the other blocks can accelerate the computation by a factor of B, but degrades the compression quality. Instead, our approach is to first estimate the minimum description length (MDL) source underlying the entire input, and then encode each of the B blocks in parallel based on the MDL source. With this two-pass approach, the compression loss incurred by using more parallel units is insignificant. Our algorithm is work-efficient, i.e., its computational complexity is O(N=B). Its redundancy is approximately B log(N=B) bits above Rissanen's lower bound on universal coding performance, with respect to any tree source whose maximal depth is at most log(N=B).
Ultralong‐Range Energy Transport in a Disordered Organic Semiconductor at Room Temperature Via Coherent Exciton‐Polariton Propagation (2020)

Amorphous molecular solids are inherently disordered, exhibiting strong exciton localization. Optical microcavities containing such disordered excitonic materials have been theoretically shown to support both propagating and localized exciton-polariton modes. Here, the ultrastrong coupling of a Bloch surface wave photon and molecular excitons in a disordered organic thin film at room temperature is demonstrated, where the major fraction of the polaritons are propagating states. The delocalized exciton-polariton has a group velocity as high as 3 × 10<sup>7</sup> m s<sup>-1</sup> and a lifetime of 500 fs, leading to propagation distances of over 100 µm from the excitation source. The polariton intensity shows a halo-like pattern that is due to self-interference of the polariton mode, from which a coherence length of 20 µm is derived and is correlated with phase breaking by polariton scattering. The demonstration of ultralong-range exciton-polariton transport at room temperature promises new photonic and optoelectronic applications such as efficient energy transfer in disordered condensed matter systems.