gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Energy Collision-Induced Dissociation by MALDI TOF/TOF Causes Charge-Remote Fragmentation of Steroid Sulfates (2014)

A method for structural elucidation of biomolecules dating to the 1980s utilized high-energy collisions (~10 keV, laboratory frame) that induced charge-remote fragmentations (CRF), a class of fragmentations particularly informative for lipids, steroids, surfactants, and peptides. Unfortunately, the capability for high-energy activation has largely disappeared with the demise of magnetic sector instruments. With the latest designs of tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF/TOF), however, this capability is now being restored to coincide with the renewed interest in metabolites and lipids, including steroid-sulfates and other steroid metabolites. For these metabolites, structure determinations are required at concentration levels below that appropriate for NMR. To meet this need, we explored CRF with TOF/TOF mass spectrometry for two groups of steroid sulfates, 3-sulfates and 21-sulfates. We demonstrated that the current generation of MALDI TOF/TOF instruments can generate charge-remote fragmentations for these materials. The resulting collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra are useful for positional isomer differentiation and very often allow the complete structure determination of the steroid. We also propose a new nomenclature that directly indicates the cleavage sites on the steroid ring with carbon numbers.
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in batten disease: Analysis of the major mutation (1.02‐kb deletion) (1997)

A total of 36 patients with Batten disease (juvenile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis), homozygous or heterozygous for the major mutation, a 1.02-kb deletion, in the CLN3 gene, were studied to relate their genotype to their clinical phenotype. The onset of visual failure and epilepsy was highly concordant in both groups. Great inter- and intrafamilial heterogeneity was demonstrated in the development of mental and physical handicap and in magnetic resonance imaging findings among both homozygous and heterozygous patients. The 1.02-kb deletion in homozygous form was always associated with mental and physical handicap, whereas the heterozygous phenotype could be extremely benign without affecting the intellectual level of the patient. Our data suggest that genetic background, modifying genes, and environmental factors all influence the final phenotype of Batten disease.
Breathing‐synchronized radiotherapy program at the University of California Davis Cancer Center (2000)

In this paper we present a complete description of the breathing synchronized radiotherapy (BSRT) system, which has been jointly developed between the University of California Davis Cancer Center and Varian Associates. BSRT is a description of an emerging radiation oncology procedure, where simulation, CT scan, treatment planning, and radiation treatment are synchronized with voluntary breath-hold, forced breath-hold, or breathing gating. The BSRT system consists of a breathing monitoring system (BMOS) and a linear accelerator gating hardware and software package. Two methods, a video camera-based method and the use of wraparound inductive plethysmography (RespiTrace), generate the BMOS signals. The BMOS signals and the synchronized fluoroscopic images are simultaneously recorded in the simulation room and are later analyzed to define the ideal treatment point (ITP) where organ motion is stationary. The BMOS signals at ITP can be used to gate a CT scanner or a linear accelerator to maintain the same organ configuration as in the simulation. The BSRT system allows breath-hold or gating. This dual role allows the system to be applicable for a variety of patients, i.e., the breath-hold method for those patients who can maintain and reproduce the ITP, and the forced breath-hold or gating method for those who are not ideal for voluntary breath-hold.
Preparation and characterization of carbopol‐silver nanocomposites for efficient antimicrobial applications (2017)

Carbopol‐silver nanocomposites, CP‐Ag‐NCs , were prepared by a chemical reducing method by using formaldehyde as a reducing agent (nanocomposite F), and formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline medium resulting from the addition of Na 2 CO 3 (nanocomposite FC), or NaOH (nanocomposite FO) to enhance the rate of reduction of the silver ions. The UV‐visible spectra showed the appearance of bands centered around 275, 286, and 274 nm for the nanocomposites F, FC, and FO, respectively, attributed to small silver nanoparticles ( Ag‐NPs ) with an average size less than 10 nm. Other bands centered around 405 and 470 nm for the nanocomposites F and FC, respectively, were attributed to large Ag‐NPs with an average size greater than 50 nm. The absence of large Ag‐NPs in the nanocomposites FO makes them as the materials of choice for the preparation of selective ultrasmall Ag‐NPs with an average size less than 3 nm. Furthermore, photoluminescence was observed upon blue excitation of the ultrasmall colloidal Ag‐NPs . Scanning electron microscopy images showed a good dispersion of the metallic Ag‐NPs in the polymer matrix. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction patterns showed peaks corresponding to the face‐centered‐cubic of the Ag‐NPs . The nature of the interaction between carbopol and Ag‐NPs was further studied by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the mechanism of reduction of the silver ions was proposed. The antimicrobial activities of the CP‐Ag‐NCs were examined against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the CP‐Ag‐NCs can provide new applications of these nanocomposites as efficient sensors and antimicrobial materials.
Important Science—It's All about the SPIN (2009)

The importance of a scientific finding can be difficult to ascertain because it requires both subjective judgment and foresight. We propose criteria, based upon whether a discovery is sizeable (S), practical (P), integrated (I), and new (N), that can be used individually or collectively to systematically assess the importance of a finding.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15, ST2, High-Sensitivity Troponin T, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Heart Failure with Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction (2012)

Our study provides comparative data on physiologically distinct circulating biomarkers in HFPEF, HFREF, and controls from the same community. These data suggest a prominent role for myocardial injury (hsTnT) with increased wall stress (NT-proBNP) in HFREF, and systemic inflammation (GDF15) in HFPEF.
MIF: Mood Improving/Inhibiting Factor? (2014)

Although major depressive disorder imposes a serious public health burden and affects nearly one in six individuals in developed countries over their lifetimes, there is still no consensus on its pathophysiology. Inflammation and cytokines have emerged as a promising new avenue in depression research, and, in particular, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to be significant in depression physiology. In this review we summarize current research on MIF and depression. We highlight the arguments for MIF as a pro- and antidepressant species and discuss the potential implications for therapeutics.
The Human Protein PRR14 Tethers Heterochromatin to the Nuclear Lamina during Interphase and Mitotic Exit (2013)

The nuclear lamina is a protein meshwork that lies under the inner nuclear membrane of metazoan cells. One function of the nuclear lamina is to organize heterochromatin at the inner nuclear periphery. However, very little is known about how heterochromatin attaches to the nuclear lamina and how such attachments are restored at mitotic exit. Here, we show that a previously unstudied human protein, PRR14, functions to tether heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery during interphase, through associations with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and the nuclear lamina. During early mitosis, PRR14 is released from the nuclear lamina and chromatin and remains soluble. Strikingly, at the onset of anaphase, PRR14 is incorporated rapidly into chromatin through HP1 binding. Finally, in telophase, PRR14 relocalizes to the reforming nuclear lamina. This stepwise reassembly of PRR14 suggests a function in the selection of HP1-bound heterochromatin for reattachment to the nuclear lamina as cells exit mitosis.
Direct nanometer scale patterning of SiO2 with electron beam irradiation through a sacrificial layer (1990)

Nanometer scale patterns have been fabricated in SiO2 by electron beam exposure through a sacrificial layer. Although the process of patterning SiO2 with direct electron beam irradiation was discovered over two decades ago, the smallest feature size previously achieved was 0.6 μm because finely focused electron beams form a contamination layer on the substrate blocking the subsequent development of the oxide with HF wet etches. Exposing through a sacrificial layer, the contamination is readily removed with the stripping of the sacrificial layer. Using high energy electrons (300 keV) to minimize forward scattering of the beam, arrays of lines with a period down to 21 nm have been fabricated in the SiO2.
Introduction: A Reconfigured State: European Policy States in a Globalizing World (2017)

This chapter introduces the main themes of the book, which deals with states in the European Union. It examines how states have been reconfigured by five processes. First, the rise of globalization processes and international organizations mean states are increasingly influenced, constrained, measured, and rated by organizations, ideas, and norms over which they have no direct control. Second, the dilution of the classic Weberian state means that comparisons with the nominally ‘weak’ American state are pertinent to understanding new public–private relationships in policy. Third, the impact of policy crises—fiscal, security, and migration—have resulted in institutional reform and expansion of state policy instruments. Fourth, the changing scale—regional and urban—and rise of regulatory agencies is a major source of reconfiguration in European states. Fifth, the traditional monopoly on violence to protect citizens remains but is overstretched, and states have developed new ways to control and monitor populations.
Showing the context of nodes in the World-Wide Web (1995)

No abstract available.
Relationship between PD-induced electromagnetic wave measured with UHF method and charge quantity obtained by PD current waveform in model GIS (2006)

This paper deals with an estimation manner of charge quantity of partial discharge (PD) in GIS by PD-induced electromagnetic (EM) wave measured with UHF method. Charge quantity of PD is important to understand PD activity or condition for insulation diagnosis, and the charge estimation by UHF method could contribute to a simplification and high sensitivity of corona free test for electric power apparatus. In this study, we theoretically investigated the relationship between PD current waveform and PD-induced EM wave propagating in a model GIS, using FD TD method. As a result, we can find that the value of double integral of PD-induced EM wave's TEM mode component is basically proportional to the charge quantity of PD current pulse independently of the sensor distance from PD source and the PD current pulse's shape.
Modeling the technology impact on the design of a two-level multicomputer interconnection network (2002)

The rapid advance of VLSI and packaging technologies has a significant impact on system architecture. In this paper, an analytical model is used to explore the design space of interconnection networks for a 4,096 node processing system incorporating multi-node chips packaged on a single MCM substrate. Possible designs are evaluated for a two-level interconnect with separate k-ary n-cube networks for intrachip and interchip communication. An analysis of the impact several architectural and technological parameters have on the optimal network implementation (based on average no-load latency) is presented.
Scleral Fixation for a Phakic Anterior Chamber Disc Intraocular Lens (1998)

A suspended anterior chamber phakic IOL maintains an adequate position with lack of bowing and shows promising results.
Tuning of Model Predictive Control Based on Hybrid Optimization (2019)

A multi-objective optimization methodology is presented to find optimal tuning values of model predictive controllers (MPC). The method uses an optimization layer above the controller that provides the prediction and control horizons and the weighting values of the objective function. The methodology uses a hybrid method: the goal attainment method and the variable neighborhood search. The first one allows minimizing the error between the closed-loop response and an output reference trajectory varying the weighting matrices until reaching the minimum multi-objective cost, while the second method varies the integer variables of the problem (prediction and control horizons) until finding the minimum horizons to obtain a desired closed-loop performance. The proposed method is tested in a benchmark process using a Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC), showing satisfactory results.
Modeling and Shaping of the DC-Side Admittance of a Modular Multilevel Converter Under Closed-Loop Voltage Control (2020)

The dc-side admittance of a modular multilevel converter can be used in assessing the stability of the dc system by means of impedance-based stability criteria. An accurate mathematical representation of the small-signal admittance can be given using harmonic linearization. To this end, the effect of the internal dynamics of the converter, e.g., the circulating current, the converter control scheme, and the controller parameters on the admittance of the converter should be analyzed. In this article, a linear analytical model for the dc-side admittance of the converter is derived based on a combination of harmonic linearization and frequency-domain representation, which incorporates different control schemes. Moreover, an admittance model is given for the closed-loop voltage control mode of the converter, where the ideal insertion indices are applied. To this end, the impact of an arm-balancing controller and its parameters on the dc-side admittance of the converter is investigated. Finally, experiments are carried out on a down-scaled prototype to validate the accuracy of the analytical model.
Estimation of Internal Filtration Flow Rate in High-Flux Dialyzers by Doppler Ultrasonography (2010)

Several types of dialyzer with enhanced internal filtration have been introduced for clinical application as a means of improving the efficiency of solute removal, and the enhanced internal filtration in these dialyzers has increased the convective transport of the solute besides the diffusive transport. The internal filtration flow rates (Q(IF)) of the dialyzer, however, have never been evaluated precisely. In this study, blood flow velocity in a cross-sectional plane of a dialyzer was measured by pulse Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate Q(IF). An in vitro study using bovine blood was carried out to determine the local blood flow velocity profile with a probe slider that enables the probe to move in parallel along a dialyzer. A good correlation between observed blood velocity (u(B)(0)) and blood flow rate (Q(B)(0)) at the inlet portion of the dialyzer was obtained during the in vitro study. Blood flow rate profiles along the dialyzer (Q(B)(z)) could be estimated from the product of blood velocity u(B)(z) and the total cross-sectional area of the blood flow path (S(B)) of the hollow fibers. The maximum internal filtration flow rate value (Q(IF-Max)) was estimated as Q(B)(0) - [Q(B)(z)](Min), where [Q(B)(z)](Min) is the minimum value of Q(B)(z). The Doppler ultrasonography described in this paper is a useful method for bedside monitoring of Q( IF) in several dialyzers, because it is noninvasive to the patient and produces reliable data with higher reproducibility.
Estimation of Microbial Populations in Orange Juice by Bioluminescence (1985)

ABSTRACT Bioluminescent measurement of microbial ATP was compared to plate counts of orange juice on orange serum agar and plate count agar plus chloramphenicol and chlortetracycline. Bioluminescent values correlated well (r = 0.92) with plate counts of reconstituted juices with active microbial populations. A correlation of 0.58 was found for bioluminescent values to plate counts for orange juice samples immediately after reconstitution from concentrate. Centrifugation and resuspension of samples in 0.1M Tris‐HCl buffer, pH 8.0, was utilized to provide adequate pH adjustment and concentration of microorganisms for bioluminescent measurement.
Tissue Engineering (2000)

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences to the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. The potential impact of tissue engineering from both a therapeutic and an economic standpoint is enormous. The total U.S. health care costs for patients suffering from tissue loss or organ failure exceed $400 billion annually. Approximately 8 million surgical procedures are performed annually in the United States to treat these disorders and 40–90 million hospital days are required (1).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐6,9‐difluorobenz(g)isoquinoline‐5,10‐diones and Conversion to 4‐Hydroxy‐6,9‐bis((aminoalkyl)amino)benz(g)isoquinoline‐ 5,10‐diones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigating time–temperature superpositioning in crosslinked polymers using the tube‐junction model (1999)

This article examines the application of time–temperature superpositioning (TTS) in certain thermorheologically complex polymers using a recently developed phenomenological model that describes crosslinked polymer viscoelasticity based on fundamental physical considerations. The model's capability to calculate both isochronal temperature sweeps and isothermal frequency sweeps of storage and loss moduli allows us to simulate conditions typical of certain thermorheologically complex polymers. We use the model to generate modulus frequency sweeps over the limited range of frequencies that are typically accessible to experiments. We apply TTS to shift these sweeps along the frequency axis to construct master curves. The model master curves are then compared with the model's “true” moduli curves over the full frequency domain at the reference temperature. This comparison suggests that nonsuperposability may go unnoticed if we only rely on the smoothness of the storage modulus master curve. Superpositioning to achieve a smooth loss modulus master curve tends to be more reliable. This has serious implications for assessing the reliability of relaxation moduli and creep compliance master curves that have no associated loss component that can be used to assess the quality of superpositioning. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 127–142, 1999
Maintenance of the Remission Stage of Crohn's Disease with Adalimumab Therapy during Pregnancy (2013)

A 25-year-old pregnant woman complained of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Total colonoscopy provided a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) of the large intestine (Crohn's colitis). Because the patient was allergic to mesalazine, adalimumab (ADA) was used as maintenance therapy during pregnancy, following prednisolone as remission induction therapy. Remission of the patient's CD was maintained with ADA, and the patient delivered a baby girl without any difficulties. Remission of the patient's CD continued to be maintained with the administration of ADA after childbirth. We believe that this is the first report of the use of ADA therapy in a pregnant CD patient in Japan.
Snap-Action Bistable Micromechanism Actuated by Nonlinear Resonance (2006)

Snap-action bistable mechanisms have a practical use in applications when very few but well defined states of a micro-mechanism are required. Conventionally, the switching between bistable states is done statically, utilizing either electrostatic or thermal actuation. This paper explores a paradigm utilizing structural resonance phenomena to switch dynamically between states. We reports a detailed mathematical model governing the non-linear response of the buckled beams in their bistable equilibrium; analytical and FEA results describing non-linear dynamics of the mechanism near its equilibrium state and transient dynamics of switching between bistable states; and design, fabrication, and initial characterization results of a micro-machined double-beam test structure
Wide field-of-view daytime fluorescence imaging of coral reefs (2013)

Coral reefs globally are experiencing rapid rates of decline associated with both local and global stressors. Improved monitoring tools are urgently needed to understand the changes that are occurring at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Coral fluorescence imaging tools have the potential to improve both ecological and physiological assessments. Although fluorescence imaging is regularly used for laboratory studies of corals, it has not yet been used for large-scale in situ assessments. One of the obstacles to effective fluorescence surveying is the need for nighttime deployment, as reflectance from ambient light veils the fluorescence signal. In this paper we describe a method for effective daytime fluorescence imaging with an off-the-shelf camera. The method is based on subtracting an additional image of the ambient light from the daytime fluorescence image. This system enables wide field-of-view fluorophore surveying during the day, opening the possibility for extensive fluorescence surveys with consumer cameras. We also demonstrate the possibility of using a shroud to filter out sunlight in calm water.
The role of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer domain containing 10(STARD10) in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (2020)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with lipid accumulation in hepatocyte. NAFLD advances into NASH. It has been implicated that STARD10 gene expression is epigenetically regulated by methylation in the liver of NAFLD patients. We found STARD10 is highly expressed in the liver and involved in bile acid metabolism by regulating PPARα activity. Our study also indicated that STARD10 is involved in lipid droplet (LD) formation.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of STARD10 in the development of NASH. We compared the lipid accumulation in the liver of NASH model mice that were induced by choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet (CDAA) between WT and Stard10-/- mice. The total LD area of Stard10-/- mice was significantly smaller than that of WT mice. Gene expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrosis marker genes were significantly lower in the liver of Stard10-/- mice compared with WT mice. Since cytokines released from Kupffer cells progress NASH, we confirmed that there is no Stard10 expression in Kupffer cells. Lipopolysaccharide induced the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the Kupffer cells isolated from WT mice and Stard10-/- mice in the same manner. In conclusion, STARD10 is involved in the development of NASH by regulating LD formation in hepatocyte.