gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molded interconnect devices for RF applications: Transmission lines and low pass filters (2012)

The continual trend of miniaturization and increasing complexity in the field of Radio Frequency (RF) devices poses a challenge for today's manufacturing technologies. The possibility of miniaturization of RF components with Molded Interconnect Devices (MIDs) is very attractive. However, electromagnetic properties of MID substrates based on polymer materials and behavior of RF basic components designed on MID substrates are not well known in the literature. In this paper, some MID substrates complex permittivity measurements and dielectric losses measurements are presented and exploited to design RF basic components. LCP Vectra E820i is used for the realization of transmission lines and a low pass filter in Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) technology by Laser Direct Structuring (LDS). Measurements, which are in good agreement with simulations, make MIDs good candidates for RF applications.
Nonlinear elasticity imaging (2003)

In tissue the Young's modulus cannot be assumed constant as a function of preload. For example, direct mechanical measurements on human prostate show up to a threefold increase in Young's modulus over a 10% deformation. In conventional elasticity imaging these effects produce strain dependent elastic contrast. Ignoring these effects generally leads to sub-optimal contrast (stiffer tissues at lower strain are contrasted against softer tissues at higher strain), but measuring the nonlinear behavior may enhance tissue differentiation. A simulated agar-gelatin phantom is deformed by 13%, and all interframe displacement data brought back to the geometry of the first frame to form a 3-D data set (depth, lateral, and preload dimensions). Data are fitted to a 3-D second order polynomial model for each pixel that adjusts for deformation irregularities. Reconstructed frame to frame strain images using this model result in improved contrast to noise ratios (CNR) at all preload levels, without any sacrifice in spatial resolution. From the same model strain hardening at all preload levels can be extracted. This is an independent contrast mechanism. It's maximum CNR occurs at 5.8% preload, and is almost a 70% improvement over the best case (preload 12.8%) CNR for frame to frame strain reconstruction. Finally the technique is also applied to a real phantom. Results show that modeling of the nonlinear elastic behavior has the potential to both increase detectability in elasticity imaging and provide a new, independent mechanism for tissue differentiation.
Neuroimaging of cerebral activations and deactivations associated with hypercapnia and hunger for air (2001)

There are defined medullary, mesencephalic, hypothalamic, and thalamic functions in regulation of respiration, but knowledge of cortical control and the elements subserving the consciousness of breathlessness and air hunger is limited. In nine young adults, air hunger was produced acutely by CO(2) inhalation. Comparisons were made with inhalation of a N(2)/O(2) gas mixture with the same apparatus, and also with paced breathing, and with eyes closed rest. A network of activations in pons, midbrain (mesencephalic tegmentum, parabrachial nucleus, and periaqueductal gray), hypothalamus, limbic and paralimbic areas (amygdala and periamygdalar region) cingulate, parahippocampal and fusiform gyrus, and anterior insula were seen along with caudate nuclei and pulvinar activations. Strong deactivations were seen in dorsal cingulate, posterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex. The striking response of limbic and paralimbic regions points to these structures having a singular role in the affective sequelae entrained by disturbance of basic respiratory control whereby a process of which we are normally unaware becomes a salient element of consciousness. These activations and deactivations include phylogenetically ancient areas of allocortex and transitional cortex that together with the amygdalar/periamygdalar region may subserve functions of emotional representation and regulation of breathing.
The influence of viscosity on the shear strain remotely induced by focused ultrasound in viscoelastic media (2004)

Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI), an emerging acoustic technology for medical diagnostics, is based on remote generation of shear waves in tissue by radiation force in the focal region of an ultrasonic beam. In this study, the feasibility of Doppler ultrasonic technique to visualize the remotely induced shear waves was demonstrated. The generation of shear displacement in the focal region of a pulsed 1-MHz ultrasound beam with pulse duration of approximately about 2 ms and intensity levels on the order of 145 W/cm2, and consequent propagation of shear wave in tissue-mimicking and muscle tissue in vitro, were measured. The analysis of temporal behavior of shear displacement within the focal plane allowed estimation of shear wave velocities. The velocities were 4 and 7 m/s in hard phantom and tissue containing phantom, respectively. The measured shear displacements on the order of micrometers in gel-based phantoms are in reasonable agreement with theoretical estimates derived from an earlier developed model of shear wave generation by radiation force of focused ultrasound. The study revealed significant dependence of shear strain on the medium viscosity. The complex oscillatory character of shear strain relaxation in viscoelastic phantom and muscle tissue in vitro was observed.
Automorphisms of Finite Groups (2004)

Abstract We study the classification of those finite groups G having a non-inner class preserving automorphism. Criteria for these automorphisms to be inner are established. Let G be a nilpotent-by-nilpotent group and S ∈ Sy l 2(G). If S is abelian, generalized quaternion or S is dihedral, and in this case G is also metabelian, then Out c (G) = 1. If S is generalized quaternion, 𝒵(S) ⊂ 𝒵(G) and S 4 is not a homomorphic image of G, then Out c (G) = 1. As a consequence, it follows that the normalizer problem of group rings has a positive answer for these groups.
Impurity diffusion and gettering in silicon (1985)

These proceedings collect papers on semiconductors. Topics include impurity behavior, diffusion and oxygen in silicon. Precipitation and complexing of metals in silicon as well as their electrical activity, solubility and diffusivity. Analytical techniques for impurity mapping or detection were compared and the importance of using several analytical tools are stressed. Gettering processes are also discussed. Evidence is presented that shows gettering of Ni, Au and Fe to be governed by the availability of self interstitials in silicon. Methods of gettering metallic impurities were presented such as deposited films, implantation damage and epitaxial misfit dislocations. The role of point defects in silicon and their influence on diffusion, extrinsic defect growth and gettering is discussed. Questions addressed the relative contributions of vacancies and self-interstitials to impurity diffusion as well as their own diffusivities and concentrations. New data regarding the strain and pressure dependence of diffusion is presented, but no definitive conclusions can be made regarding the mechanisms involved. Two sessions are devoted to oxygen in silicon. Mechanisms regarding intrinsic gettering, denuded zone formation, nucleation and growth of oxygen precipitates are addressed.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Novel Epigenetic Signature for Early Diagnosis in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Epigenetic and expression analysis based on histological subtypes from primary tissues of the TCGA database.&lt;/p&gt;
Tolerance Analysis in a Linear Permanent Magnet Generator (2013)

This thesis presents research regarding a full scale linear ferrite permanent magnet generator, installed in a wave energy conversion system. The ferrite based magnetic circuit, supplementing the previous utilized Nd2Fe14B-magnet design, is designed with an electromagnetic numerical simulation tool, where the model is derived from Maxwell’s equations. The full scale design is, known to the author, the first developed linear ferrite based machine. The material change in the magnetic circuit required different mechanical solutions of the generator. The fundamental, primary theory and reasoning behind the new mechanical design is here presented, where sustainability, economy and production have been in focus and affected the final design. Two versions of the generator have been assembled and deployed at the projects experimental site on the Swedish west coast, and three more are under construction, planned to be installed during the autumn of 2013. Further, the thesis presents an electric conversion circuit based on the electric resonance phenomena. Full scale experimental results present a successfully achieved electric resonance between the linear wave energy generator and external circuit.Finally, research regarding a two pole permanent magnet motor for an electrical vehicle is presented. Detailed analytical and numerical calculations are utilized to investigate the losses in the machine over a wide frequency interval. The results indicate the possibility of an increased efficiency of electrical motors in electrical vehicle system and argue for elimination of the gearbox. The system total efficiency and mechanical stability can thereby be increased. The work concerning the wave energy converter is a part of a larger project, the Lysekil Wave Power Project, developed by a research group at Uppsala University, whereas the work concerning the electric motor so far has been carried out as an individual project. However, a future goal is to integrate the research on the electric motor for electric vehicles with ongoing research regarding a flywheel based electric driveline for an All Electric Propulsion System.
Measurement of the top quark mass in the $$t\bar{t}\rightarrow $$ t t ¯ → lepton+jets channel from $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ s = 8 TeV ATLAS data and combination with previous results (2019)

The top quark mass is measured using a template method in the t t lepton + jets channel (lepton is e or ) using ATLAS data recorded in 2012 at the LHC. The data were taken at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb -1 . The t t lepton + jets channel is characterized by the presence of a charged lepton, a neutrino and four jets, two of which originate from bottom quarks (b). Exploiting a three-dimensional template technique, the top quark mass is determined together with a global jet energy scale factor and a relative b-to-light-jet energy scale factor. The mass of the top quark is measured to be m top = 172.08 0.39 (stat) 0.82 (syst) GeV. A combination with previous ATLAS m top measurements gives m top = 172.69 0.25 (stat) 0.41 (syst) GeV.
NANOFIBER MATRIX BASED MICROCHIP FOR HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL CULTURE (2008)

Integrated biomimetic systems with nanofiber polymer networks and microfluidic chips were fabricated and cellular behaviors were observed by changing surface characteristics of nanofiber matrices and flow rates of microchannels. Human MSCs were seeded on the nanofiber matrices and a morphological investigation with actin filament staining and SEM was performed. Integration of nanofiber matrices into the microchannels provides the useful tools for mimicking cellular microenvironments and elucidating basic questions of cell and ECM assembly and interactions.
The many faces of the YopM effector from plague causative bacterium Yersinia pestis and its implications for host immune modulation (2010)

The Yersinia outer protein (Yop) M effector from the Yersinia pestis bacterium is well-known for being a critical virulence determinant; however, structural insight vis-à-vis its role in Y. pestis pathogenesis has been elusive. Here, we investigate the intact sequence of the YopM protein through our recently developed fold identification and homology modeling tools, and analyze the immune modulatory potential of its constituent domains. We identify a putative novel E3 ligase (NEL) domain towards the C-terminal tail of YopM and characterize its active site, to show that YopM could function as an autoregulated bacterial type E3 ubiquitin ligase. We further identify unreported NEL domains in several other bacteria and note remarkable similarity in sequence, structure, surface, and electrostatics for the family of NEL-containing bacterial effectors that suggests conserved function and potentially similar host targets for these proteins. Based on these observations and recent empirical evidence for degradation of the human proteins HLA-DR, thioredoxin, and NEMO/IKKγ by other members of the NEL-containing bacterial family, we discuss the potential for YopM to modulate a wide spectrum of immune signal transduction pathways. The key immune modulatory effects highlighted are suppression of MHC class II antigen presentation, dampening of nuclear factor (NF)-κB mediated inflammatory response, and intonation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Additionally, our analysis of the modeled YopM LRR domain reveals structural features akin to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) LRR motif. We propose that YopM LRR could be a 'molecular mimic' of TLR4 LRR, permitting reduced immunogenicity and potentially mitigating bacterial lipopolysaccharide surveillance of the innate immune system. Our identification and characterization of the YopM NEL domain, taken together with our analysis of the YopM LRR domain, provides plausible insight into subversion of host immunity by Y. pestis YopM and perhaps could set the stage for design of new therapeutic opportunities.
The status of refrigeration solutions for last mile vaccine delivery in low-income settings (2022)

Recommendations for storage of most vaccines imply a continuous exposure to a temperature range between 0 °C and 10 °C, from the production to the administration to beneficiaries. According to the World Health Organization, more than 50% of vaccines are wasted around the world. Discontinuities of the cold chain in low-income settings where electricity is scarce contributes to this wastage. Recently, several advances have been made in cooling technologies to store and transport vaccines. This paper presents an overview of refrigeration technologies based on scientific publications, industry white papers and other grey literature. With a focus on vaccine transport, we briefly describe each refrigeration method, its best performing available devices as well as the outstanding research challenges in order to further improve its performance.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography with Increased Sampling Density at Central Region of Field-of-View (1987)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems are proposed which provide images with improved signal-to-noise ratio. The systems consist of gamma cameras equipped with collimators which view an object to be imaged with an increased sampling density in the vicinity of the center of a field-of-view. The detection systems produce weighted projection data. Evaluation was made with respect to noise characteristics in images resulting from such systems. Simulation studies showed that dual and quadruple camera systems equipped with a combination of fan beam collimators result in noise reduction of about 37% at the center of image and uniform noise over an image area, compared with systems equipped with parallel hole collimators. This suggests that the proposed systems have a possibility of improvement on quantitation of SPECT.
Cross-Ball: A new morphogenetic self-reconfigurable modular robot (2011)

We aim to develop a new self-reconfigurable modular robot, Cross-Ball, so that we can apply bio-inspired morphogenesis mechanisms to modular robots to adapt to dynamic environments automatically. To this end, the mechanical design of modular robots has to be flexible and robust enough for various complex configurations. The major contributions of the design of this Cross-Ball robots include: 1) it provides several flexible 3D reconfiguration capabilities, such as rotating, parallel, and diagonal movements; (2) a flexible and robust hardware platform for modular robots using more complex self-reconfiguration algorithms; and (3) the mobility of each individual module. Furthermore, a skeleton-based approach is proposed for the motion control of the modules, where the module movements can be conducted in groups to improve the system reconfiguration efficiency. Some simulation results have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed module design and the corresponding controller by reconfiguring the robots to various complex configurations.
Aging-related changes in the diversity of women’s skin microbiomes associated with oral bacteria (2017)

Skin aging is associated with changes in cutaneous physiology including interactions with a skin microbial community. A striking alteration and diversification in the skin microbiome with aging was observed between two different age groups of 37 healthy Japanese women, i.e. younger adults of 21-37 years old and older adults of 60-76 years old, using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The analyses revealed that the alpha diversity/species richness was significantly higher in the older than the younger group for the cheek and forehead microbiomes, while the beta diversity in the overall structure significantly differed particularly for the forearm and scalp microbiomes between the two age groups. Taxonomic profiling showed a striking reduction in the relative abundance of the majority skin genus Propionibacterium in the cheek, forearm and forehead microbiomes of the older adults, and identified 38 species including many oral bacteria that significantly differentiated the two age groups with a skin site dependency. Furthermore, we found chronological age-related and unrelated skin clinical parameters that correlate with the observed changes in the skin microbiome diversity. Thus, our data suggested that the diversification of skin microbiomes in adult women was largely affected by chronological and physiological skin aging in association with oral bacteria.
Polycythemia: Mechanisms and Management (1981)

The principal function of erythrocytes is the transport of oxygen. Erythropoiesis proceeds at a rate consistent with the demand for oxygen-carrying capacity, and the major regulator of erythrocyte production is erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is produced primarily by the kidney under control of a tissue oxygenation sensor. The recently developed erythropoietin radioimmunoassay should provide a clinically useful tool. Erythrocytosis is a pathologic state characterized by an elevated erythrocyte mass, which may result from increased proliferation of erythroid progenitors due to an intrinsic cellular defect or in response to extrinsic signals. Secondary erythrocytosis results from either physiologically appropriate compensation for inadequate tissue oxygenation or from inappropriate stimulation of erythropoiesis. Erythrocytosis increases oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but at high hematocrit levels increased blood viscosity may result in decreased tissue oxygen delivery. Polycythemia vera is a hematopoietic stem cell disease of clonal origin. Initial results from the Polycythemia Rubra Study Group suggest that therapy with chlorambucil is associated with an unacceptably high risk for development of acute leukemia, and 32P is preferred for situations in which phlebotomy alone is insufficient.
Chemistry in Crop Protection. Part 2. Nucleoside Chemistry in Crop Protection (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bifunctional Metal Organic Framework Catalysts for Multistep Reactions: MOF‐Cu(BTC)‐[Pd] Catalyst for One‐Pot Heteroannulation of Acetylenic Compounds (2012)

Abstract A bifunctional metal organic framework catalyst containing palladium and copper(II) benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate – MOF‐Cu(BTC)‐[Pd] – has been prepared. This catalyst enables the performance of the tandem Sonogashira/click reaction starting from 2‐iodobenzylbromide, sodium azide and alkynes to produce 8 H ‐[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1‐ a ]isoindoles with good yields under mild reaction conditions.
Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in the United Arab Emirates Reflects Endogamous and Consanguineous Culture, Population History, and Geography (2022)

The indigenous population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a unique demographic and cultural history. Its tradition of endogamy and consanguinity is expected to produce genetic homogeneity and partitioning of gene pools while population movements and intercontinental trade are likely to have contributed to genetic diversity. Emiratis and neighboring populations of the Middle East have been underrepresented in the population genetics literature with few studies covering the broader genetic history of the Arabian Peninsula. Here, we genotyped 1,198 individuals from the seven Emirates using 1.7 million markers and by employing haplotype-based algorithms and admixture analyses, we reveal the fine-scale genetic structure of the Emirati population. Shared ancestry and gene flow with neighboring populations display their unique geographic position while increased intra- versus inter-Emirati kinship and sharing of uniparental haplogroups, reflect the endogamous and consanguineous cultural traditions of the Emirates and their tribes.
Supplementary Table S3 from The Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat Synergistically Reduce N-Myc Expression and Induce Anticancer Effects (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The top 35 genes most dramatically down-regulated by JQ1 and panobinostat combination therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Urinary excretions of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase predict the development of proteinuria and renal injury in OLETF rats (2005)

Urinary excretions of L-PGDS are likely to reflect the underlying increase in glomerular permeability. This property may be useful to predict forthcoming glomerular damage following diabetes in OLETF rats.
Resonant nonlinear pairs in the axiverse and their late-time direct and astrophysical signatures (2022)

A generic low-energy prediction of string theory is the existence of a large collection of axions, commonly known as a string axiverse. Axions also have a natural cosmological production mechanism, vacuum misalignment, making them well-motivated dark matter (DM) candidates. Much work on axion production has considered the case of a single free axion, but in a realistic axiverse, string axions are expected to be distributed densely over many orders of magnitude in mass and to interact with one another through their joint potential. In this paper, we show that nonlinearities in this potential lead to a new type of resonant energy transfer between axions with nearby masses. This resonance generically transfers energy from axions with larger decay constants to those with smaller decay constants and leads to a multitude of signatures. These include enhanced direct detection prospects for a resonant pair comprising even a small subcomponent of dark matter, and boosted small-scale structure if the pair is the majority of DM. Near-future iterations of experiments such as ADMX and DM Radio will be sensitive to this scenario, as will astrophysical probes of DM substructure.
Multi-channel blind system identification using the Laguerre expansion for characterization of circulatory hemodynamics (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.