gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of 68Ga- and 177Lu-Labeled (R)- vs (S)-DOTAGA Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeting Derivatives (2020)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and therefore is an attractive target for prostate cancer diagnosis and radionuclide therapy. Recently, published results from clinical studies using a new PSMA-targeting PET imaging agent, [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-093 ([<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-<i>O</i>-carboxymethyl-Tyr-CO-NH-Glu), support the development of this agent for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this study, the HBED-CC chelating group in PSMA-093 was replaced by stereoselective (<i>R</i>)- or (<i>S</i>)-DOTAGA. This chelating group serves not only for chelating <sup>68</sup>Ga but is also amendable for complexing other radioactive metals for radionuclide therapy. The corresponding optically pure (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-[<sup>68</sup>Ga/<sup>177</sup>Lu]-DOTAGA derivatives, (<i>R</i>)-[<sup>68</sup>Ga/<sup>177</sup>Lu]-<b>13</b> and (<i>S</i>)-[<sup>68</sup>Ga/<sup>177</sup>Lu]-<b>13</b>, were successfully prepared. Comparison of radiolabeling, binding affinity, cell uptake, and biodistribution between the two isomers was performed. Radiolabeling of (<i>R</i>)-[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-<b>13</b> and (<i>S</i>)<i>-</i>[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-<b>13</b> at 50 °C suggested that rates of complex formation were time-dependent and the formation of (<i>S</i>)-[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-<b>13</b> was distinctly faster. The rates of complex formation for the corresponding <sup>68</sup>Ga agents were comparable between structural isomers. The <sup>nat</sup>Ga and <sup>nat</sup>Lu equivalents showed high binding PSMA affinity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 24-111 nM), comparable to that of the parent agent, [<sup>nat</sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-093 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 34.0 nM). Results of cell uptake and biodistribution studies in PSMA-expressing PC3-PIP tumor-bearing mice appeared to show no difference between the labeled (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-isomers. This is the first time that a pair of [<sup>68</sup>Ga/<sup>177</sup>Lu]-(<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-DOTAGA isomers of PSMA agents were evaluated. Results of biological studies between the isomers showed no noticeable difference; however, the distinctions on the rate of Lu complex formation should be considered in the development of new <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTAGA-based radionuclide therapy agents in the future.
Substrate-Independent Light Confinement in Butterfly-Inspired Photonic Crystal Slabs (2016)

Using the scale structure of the Dione juno butterfly wing as an inspiration, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a class of low-index surface structures that supports resonances without index contrast with the substrate; these resonances are substrate-independent.
Corrigendum: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies (2021)

There is an error in the Funding statement. The correct number for **Insert Funder** is **Insert Grant Number**. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.There is an error in the Funding statement. The correct Name for the Funder is **Insert CORRECT Name**. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.In the original article, we neglected to include the funder **Insert Funder**, **Insert Grant Number** to **Name of Author**. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
[Identification of osteogenic signal and the development of artificial bones]. (2013)

Mammalian skeletons are formed through two distinct processes, intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. During the endochondral ossification, indian hedgehog (Ihh) /parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) negative-feedback loop regulates the distance between epiphysis and the layer of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Ihh also stimulates bone formation. Based on such knowledge, bioactive molecule-loaded artificial bones are expected to achieve efficient bone regeneration without cell transplantation.
Expanding textual entailment corpora fromWikipedia using co-training (2010)

In this paper we propose a novel method to automatically extract large textual entailment datasets homogeneous to existing ones. The key idea is the combination of two intuitions: (1) the use of Wikipedia to extract a large set of textual entailment pairs; (2) the application of semisupervised machine learning methods to make the extracted dataset homogeneous to the existing ones. We report empirical evidence that our method successfully expands existing textual entailment corpora.
What an image reveals about material reflectance (2011)

We derive precise conditions under which material reflectance properties may be estimated from a single image of a homogeneous curved surface (canonically a sphere), lit by a directional source. Based on the observation that light is reflected along certain (a priori unknown) preferred directions such as the half-angle, we propose a semiparametric BRDF abstraction that lies between purely parametric and purely data-driven models. Formulating BRDF estimation as a particular type of semiparametric regression, both the preferred directions and the form of BRDF variation along them can be estimated from data. Our approach has significant theoretical, algorithmic and empirical benefits, lends insights into material behavior and enables novel applications. While it is well-known that fitting multi-lobe BRDFs may be ill-posed under certain conditions, prior to this work, precise results for the well-posedness of BRDF estimation had remained elusive. Since our BRDF representation is derived from physical intuition, but relies on data, we avoid pitfalls of both parametric (low generalizability) and non-parametric regression (low interpretability, curse of dimensionality). Finally, we discuss several applications such as single-image relighting, light source estimation and physically meaningful BRDF editing.
Coherent receiver design based on digital signal processing in optical high-speed intersatellite links with M -phase-shift keying (2016)

We present simulative and experimental investigations of different coherent receiver designs for high-speed optical intersatellite links. We focus on frequency offset (FO) compensation in homodyne and intradyne detection systems. The considered laser communication terminal uses an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL), which ensures stable homodyne detection. However, the hardware complexity increases with the modulation order. Therefore, we show that software-based intradyne detection is an attractive alternative for OPLL-based homodyne systems. Our approach is based on digital FO and phase noise compensation, in order to achieve a more flexible coherent detection scheme. Analytic results will further show the theoretical impact of the different detection schemes on the receiver sensitivity. Finally, we compare the schemes in terms of bit error ratio measurements and optimal receiver design.
Advanced Single Particle Measurement Technique for Fundamental Study of First Charging Mechanism of One Silicon Particle (2016)

Silicon is very attractive material for the negative electrode of next-generation Li batteries, because of its very large capacity (3580 mAh g -1 ). However, very large volume change during the lithiation and delithiation causes very rapid electrode degradation. There are many researches for the restriction and accommodation of the volume change of Si based materials by using nano-sized Silicon and functional binders [1]. Also, in-situ TEM observation technique has been utilized to understand the lithiation and delithiation mechanism of nano-sized Si particles [2]. The in-situ TEM technique is excellent technique, however it needs high vacuum condition or no vapor pressure liquid like ionic liquids. It is also indispensable to find the electrochemical characteristics in actual organic electrolytes system. Single particle measurement technique is very useful to reveal the intrinsic electrochemical characteristics of a micro-scale particle in commercial Li-ion battery electrolytes. Furthermore, the effect of binders and conductive agents which are used in standard composite electrode can be removed in this technique. In this study, the single particle measurement technique is used to understand the volume expansion mechanism of a micro-size silicon particle in the first lithiation reaction. The detailed experimental conditions for the single particle measurement were described elsewhere [3]. After the electrochemical characterization, the lithiated silicon particle was picked-up by micro-tweezers in order to transfer the particle to other analytical equipment, for example, SEM, FIB-SEM, TEM, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. In previous study, the volume expansion behavior of a micro-sized silicon particle was focused. Figure 1 shows the drastic volume expansion behavior of a silicon particle during the first lithiation and the charging curve. The measured apparent volume expansion ratio is much larger than the theoretical values [3, 4]. In this study, the further analysis about lithiated silicon particle was conducted. In order to reveal the volume expansion mechanism of a silicon particle, ex-situ SEM, TEM observation was conducted. For TEM observation, the lithiated silicon particle was tailored to be thin slice by FIB treatment. TEM observation revealed that the lithiated silicon particle is mainly amorphous Si-Li phase and only a small parts remain crystalline silicon phase. It is caused by the local electrical disconnection because of very large volume expansion. EDS analysis with SEM and TEM shows surface SEI layer composition, and TEM-EELS analysis reveals chemical species in the SEI layer. The detailed results and the discussion for SEI formation during the initial charging of a silicon particle will be shown in the presentation. [1] M. Wu, et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135 (2013) 12048. [2] M. T. McDowell, et al., Nano Lett., 13 (2013) 758. [3] K. Nishikawa, et. al., J. Power Sources, 243 (2013) 630. [4] K. Nishikawa, et al., J. Power Sources 302 (2016) 46. Figure 1
La fabrique politique de la métropole du Grand Paris (2019)

Cet article analyse les mécanismes qui influencent l’élaboration des statuts métropolitains. Il mobilise une approche de « process tracing » déductif pour comprendre un cas : la mise en place d’une scène métropolitaine puis la création d’un gouvernement métropolitain du Grand Paris. La forme particulière prise par cette métropole à l’issue des lois de 2014 et 2015 est saisie à l’articulation de quatre mécanismes : la reproduction d’un héritage institutionnel local, caractérisé par la fragmentation et la polarisation ; la mobilisation d’entrepreneurs institutionnels locaux cherchant à manipuler à leur avantage les statuts métropolitains ; l’intervention des membres de l’exécutif politique central, soucieux de la viabilité parlementaire et des bénéfices partisans associés à la mise en place de la métropole ; le rôle de cadrage d’une administration centrale, porteuse d’un projet rationalisation institutionnelle par fusion verticale.
Surface Rheology of Hydrophobically Modified PEG Polymers Associating with a Phospholipid Monolayer at the Air−Water Interface (2008)

Surface rheology of irreversibly bound hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers (HMPEG) on a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayer is investigated to determine attributes that may contribute to immune recognition. Previously, three comb-graft polymers (HMPEG136-DP3, HMPEG273-DP2.5, and HMPEG273-DP5) adsorbed on liposomes were examined for their strength of adsorption and protection from complement binding. The data supported an optimal ratio between the hydrophilicity of the PEG polymer and the number of hydrophobic anchors. The HMPEG polymers have different polymer brush thicknesses (4.2-5.9 nm) and levels of cooperativity (2.5-5 hydrophobes). The results indicate that an increased viscous force (above 0.25 mN s/m) at the surface may enable the polymers to shield liposomes from protein interactions. Similar rheological behavior is shown for all polymer architectures at low polymer surface coverage (0.5 mg/m2, in the mushroom regime), whereas at high surface coverage (>0.5 mg/m2, in the brush regime), we observe a structural dependence of the surface viscous forces at 40 mN/m. This threshold correlates with a 92% decrease in complement protein binding for liposomes coated with 1 mg/m2 HMPEG273-DP5. This may suggest that surface viscous forces play a role in reducing complement protein binding.
Left Ventricular Diverticulosis (2008)

Cardiac computed tomography scanning is rapidly emerging as the noninvasive modality of choice for assessment of coronary artery disease. Secondary to the exquisite resolution of the modality, left ventricular diverticula can be well demonstrated. Left ventricular diverticula are rare, and in the past, the terms diverticula and aneurysm have been used interchangeably. The differentiation of diverticula and aneurysm is crucial for appropriate management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of left ventricular diverticula seen on cardiac computed tomography examination.
Application of Dissimilarity Indices, Principal Coordinates Analysis, and Rank Tests to Peak Tables in Metabolomics of the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Human Sweat (2007)

The majority of works in metabolomics employ approaches based on principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares, primarily to determine whether samples fall within large groups. However, analytical chemists rarely tackle the problem of individual fingerprinting, and in order to do this effectively, it is necessary to study a large number of small groups rather than a small number of large groups and different approaches are required, as described in this paper. Furthermore, many metabolomic studies on mammals and humans involve analyzing compounds (or peaks) that are present in only a certain portion of samples, and conventional approaches of PCA do not cope well with sparse matrices where there may be many 0s. There is, however, a large number of qualitative similarity measures available for this purpose that can be exploited via principal coordinates analysis (PCO). It can be shown that PCA scores are a specific case of PCO scores, using a quantitative similarity measure. A large-scale study of human sweat consisting of nearly 1000 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses from the sweat of an isolated population of 200 individuals in Carinthia (Southern Austria) sampled once per fortnight over 10 weeks was employed in this study and grouped into families. The first step was to produce a peak table requiring peak detection, alignment, and integration. Peaks were reduced from 5080 to 373 that occurred in at least 1 individual over 4 out of 5 fortnights. Both qualitative (presence/absence) and quantitative (equivalent to PCA) similarity measures can be computed. PCO and the Kolomorogov-Smirnoff (KS) rank test are applied to these similarity matrices. It is shown that for this data set there is a reproducible individual fingerprint, which is best represented using the qualitative similarity measure as assessed both by the Hotelling t2 statistic as applied to PCO scores and the probabilities associated with the KS rank test.
Comment on “Taylor Dispersion with Absorbing Boundaries: A Stochastic Approach” (2008)

A Comment on the Letter by Rudro R. Biswas et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 164501 (2007)]. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 24 April 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.029402©2008 American Physical Society
The Kinase Chemogenomic Set (KCGS): An Open Science Resource for Kinase Vulnerability Identification (2021)

We describe the assembly and annotation of a chemogenomic set of protein kinase inhibitors as an open science resource for studying kinase biology. The set only includes inhibitors that show potent kinase inhibition and a narrow spectrum of activity when screened across a large panel of kinase biochemical assays. Currently, the set contains 187 inhibitors that cover 215 human kinases. The kinase chemogenomic set (KCGS), current Version 1.0, is the most highly annotated set of selective kinase inhibitors available to researchers for use in cell-based screens.
Direct structural assignment of neutral and sialylated N‐glycans of glycopeptides using collision‐induced dissociation MS n spectral matching (2006)

Mass spectrometric analyses of various N-glycans binding to proteins and peptides are highly desirable for elucidating their biological roles. An approach based on collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS(n) spectra acquired by electrospray ionization linear ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-LIT-TOFMS) in the positive- and negative-ion modes has been proposed as a direct method of assigning N-glycans without releasing them from N-glycopeptides. In the positive-ion mode of this approach, the MS(2) spectrum of N-glycopeptide was acquired so that a glycoside-bond cleavage occurs in the chitobiose residue (i.e., GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc, GlcNAc: N-acetylglucosamine) attached to asparagine (N), and two charges on the [M+H+Na](2+) precursor ion are shared with both of the resulting fragments. These fragments are sodiated B(n)-type fragment ions of oligosaccharide (N-glycan) and a protonated peptide ion retaining one GlcNAc residue on the asparagine (N) residue. The structure of N-glycan was assigned by comparing MS(3) spectra derived from both the sodiated B(n)-type fragment ions of N-glycopeptide and the PA (2-aminopyridine) N-glycan standard (i.e., MS(n) spectral matching). In a similar manner, the structural assignment of sialylated N-glycan was performed by employing the negative-ion CID MS(n) spectra of deprotonated B(n)-type fragment ions of N-glycopeptide and the PA N-glycan standard. The efficacy of this approach was tested with chicken egg yolk glycopeptides with a neutral and a sialylated N-glycan, and human serum IgG glycopeptides with neutral N-glycan isomers. These results suggest that the approach based on MS(n) spectral matching is useful for the direct and simple structural assignment of neutral and sialylated N-glycans of glycopeptides.
Impact of epicardial adipose tissue and catheter ablation strategy on biophysical parameters and ablation lesion characteristics (2020)

While EA attenuates lesion depth and size, relatively larger, and deeper lesions can be achieved with longer RFA duration, higher CF, half normal saline irrigant, and, to a greater extent, by utilizing bipolar RF or NTAC, but only over thin adipose (<3 mm). Of those catheters/strategies tested, only NTAC was able to effectively deliver RF over thick (>3 mm) EA with this model.
Light-guided electrodeposition of non-noble catalyst patterns for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution (2015)

For photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, a non-noble catalyst is directly patterned onto the photocathode using a light-guided electrodeposition technique.
Effects of a Superactive Analogue of LH- RH on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Testicular Axis in Male Rats Pretreated with Estrogens (1981)

The effect of a highly active agonistic analogue analogue of LH-RH on testicular weight an pituitary gonadotropin levels was studied in male rats previously treated with estrogens. These steroids induced a considerable depression of testicular weight. In the first experiment the treatment with a high dose (4 microgram daily) of D-Ala-6-des-Gly-10-LH-RH-ethylamide, the superactive analogue used, further depressed testicular weight and pituitary gonadotropins. In a second experiment, the treatment with lower doses (100 ng daily) of the analogue in estrogen-treated rats induced a slight but significant stimulatory effect on testicular weight and pituitary FSH content. In the third experiment none of the three doses of the analogue used (1, 10, or 100 ng daily) modified testicular weight when the treatment was started shortly after the administration of estrogens. It is concluded that, according to the dose of the analogue used, it is possible to observe inhibitory or stimulatory effect on testes and pituitary gonadotropin levels.
Cryogenic Quenching of Steel Revisited (2005)

Subject to a continuing debate, cryogenic treatments of alloy steels have been claimed to significantly increase wear resistance and toughness through the interplay of three effects: completing martensitic transformation, promoting uniform precipitation of fine carbides and imparting residual stresses. This study reexamines effects of various heat-treatment schedules including liquid nitrogen (-196 o C) and liquid helium (-269 o C) quenching on microstructure and selected properties of A2-grade tool steel. Examination methods include SEM, EDS, microhardness, Charpy impact and wear resistance measured using the standard pin-on-disk as well as a diamond stylus micro-scratching technique adopted from the field of thin-film technologies. Results confirm the cryo-treatment enhanced precipitation in the subsequent tempering step of what turns out to be 100-250 nm alloy-depleted carbides, and moderate improvements in wear resistance and hardness, both scaling with the cryogenic treatment time and at the cost of reduced impact resistance. Reported results and correlations provide a basis for optimizing cryo-quench heat-treatment cycle of tool steels and indicate directions for future work.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleosides. Part 136. Synthesis and Antiviral Effects of Several 1‐(2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)‐5‐alkyluracils. (1986)

Abstract Nucleoside vom Typ (III) werden synthetisiert und auf ihre Wirkung gegen Herpes simplex‐Viren (HSV‐1 und HSV‐2) getestet.
Development of 6–12 GHz evanescent–mode two–pole low–loss tunable bandpass filter (2015)

ABSTRACT A very low‐loss tunable evanescent‐mode cavity bandpass filter (BPF) with one‐octave (6–12 GHz) tuning range is presented. To implement a very low‐insertion loss with wideband operation, a new coaxial‐feed structure is devised in the tunable BPF. Across the entire tuning range, the achieved insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB. The 3‐dB fractional bandwidth varies from 6.1% at 6 GHz to 12% at 12 GHz. The tenability is realized using silicon microelectromechanical systems diaphragms with slits that are electrostatically actuated. Direct comparison between a solid diaphragm and the proposed stress‐reduced diaphragm with slits is presented. The bulk of the filter is realized using physical machining of a tall printed circuit board. This article shows the upper frequency limit that is feasible using milling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2418–2422, 2015
Improvement of mass source/sink for an immersed boundary method (2007)

In 'Section 5. Conclusions' the final sentence should read: By applying the proposed method to two flow problems (the decaying vortex problem and uniform flow past a circular cylinder), the results indicate that the present method reduces the error of the numerical solution significantly; specifically, the boundary conditions at the IB are better enforced and the mass source/sink term is better to be restrained inside the IB.