gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Using Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potentials for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (2021)

Study Design. A prospective multicenter observational study. Objective. To elucidate the efficacy of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (Tc(E)-MEPs) in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) surgery by comparing cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) to cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and investigate the timing of Tc(E)-MEPs alerts and types of interventions affecting surgical outcomes. Summary of Background Data. Although CSM and OPLL are the most commonly encountered diseases of DCM, the benefits of Tc(E)-MEPs for DCM remain unclear and comparisons of these two diseases have not yet been conducted. Methods. We examined the results of Tc(E)-MEPs from 1176 DCM cases (840 CSM /336 OPLL) and compared patients background by disease, preoperative motor deficits, and the type of surgical procedure. We also assessed the efficacy of interventions based on Tc(E)-MEPs alerts. Tc(E)-MEPs alerts were defined as an amplitude reduction of more than 70% below the control waveform. Rescue cases were defined as those in which waveform recovery was achieved after interventions in response to alerts and no postoperative paralysis. Results. Overall sensitivity was 57.1%, and sensitivity was higher with OPLL (71.4%) than with CSM (42.9%). The sensitivity of acute onset segmental palsy including C5 palsy was 40% (OPLL/CSM: 66.7%/0%) whereas that of lower limb palsy was 100%. The most common timing of Tc(E)-MEPs alerts was during decompression (63.16%), followed by screw insertion (15.79%). The overall rescue rate was 57.9% (OPLL/CSM: 58.3%/57.1%). Conclusion. Since Tc(E)-MEPs are excellent for detecting long tract injuries, surgeons need to consider appropriate interventions in response to alerts. The detection of acute onset segmental palsy by Tc(E)-MEPs was partially possible with OPLL, but may still be difficult with CSM. The rescue rate was higher than 50% and appropriate interventions may have prevented postoperative neurological complications. Level of Evidence: 3
Reactive Wet Stamping for Patterning of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (2010)

Patterning of soft films, especially their bulk and not only their surface properties, presents a challenge. Several lithographic techniques do exist, but many of them are complex or limited in their ability to change properties. A few methods of patterning polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) have been reported, including microcontact printing and selectively growing layers on patterned self-assembled monolayers, but these all come with certain limitations. We present here the use of a modified microcontact printing method, reactive wet stamping (r-WETs), using a hydrogel stamp soaked in aqueous solutions to create patterns in PEMs. With this technique we are able to locally cause swelling and porosity changes in the PEM films and use our method to qualitatively study the evolution of the porous film morphology. This technique has the potential to locally control chemical functionality, film thickness, and mechanical properties, leading to a new ability to control film architectures both at the film surface and within the bulk of the film.
Zinc finger nuclease‐mediated targeting of multiple transgenes to an endogenous soybean genomic locus via non‐homologous end joining (2018)

Emerging genome editing technologies hold great promise for the improvement of agricultural crops. Several related genome editing methods currently in development utilize engineered, sequence-specific endonucleases to generate DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) at user-specified genomic loci. These DSBs subsequently result in small insertions/deletions (indels), base substitutions or incorporation of exogenous donor sequences at the target site, depending on the application. Targeted mutagenesis in soybean (Glycine max) via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated repair of such DSBs has been previously demonstrated with multiple nucleases, as has homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated integration of a single transgene into target endogenous soybean loci using CRISPR/Cas9. Here we report targeted integration of multiple transgenes into a single soybean locus using a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN). First, we demonstrate targeted integration of biolistically delivered DNA via either HDR or NHEJ to the FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2-1a (FAD2-1a) locus of embryogenic cells in tissue culture. We then describe ZFN- and NHEJ-mediated, targeted integration of two different multigene donors to the FAD2-1a locus of immature embryos. The largest donor delivered was 16.2 kb, carried four transgenes, and was successfully transmitted to T<sub>1</sub> progeny of mature targeted plants obtained via somatic embryogenesis. The insertions in most plants with a targeted, 7.1 kb, NHEJ-integrated donor were perfect or near-perfect, demonstrating that NHEJ is a viable alternative to HDR for gene targeting in soybean. Taken together, these results show that ZFNs can be used to generate fertile transgenic soybean plants with NHEJ-mediated targeted insertions of multigene donors at an endogenous genomic locus.
First Detection of Single-Electron Charging of the Floating Gate of NAND Flash Memory Cells (2014)

This letter provides the first direct experimental detection of single-electron charging of the floating gate of a mainstream Flash memory cell. The detection is shown to be easily achievable through conventional and very simple measurement techniques on state-of-the-art technologies. Results represent a milestone for the investigation of the physics of Flash memory operation, opening the possibility for direct analyses of the piling up of single electrons in the floating gate during cell programming.
The US Electron Ion Collider Accelerator Designs (2019)

With the completion of the National Academies of Sciences Assessment of a US Electron-Ion Collider, the prospects for construction of such a facility have taken a step forward. This paper provides an overview of the two site-specific EIC designs: JLEIC (Jefferson Lab) and eRHIC (BNL) as well as brief overview of ongoing EIC R
First Operating Experiences With The Integration Of Split Sealing Constraints To A Gas Seal Challenge (2003)

A.W.Chesterton Company, in Groveland
Quantum Generative Models for Small Molecule Drug Discovery (2021)

Existing drug discovery pipelines take 5–10 years and cost billions of dollars. Computational approaches aim to sample from regions of the whole molecular and solid-state compounds called chemical space, which could be on the order of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{60}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Deep generative models can model the underlying probability distribution of both the physical structures and property of drugs and relate them nonlinearly. By exploiting patterns in massive datasets, these models can distill salient features that characterize the molecules. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) discover drug candidates by generating molecular structures that obey chemical and physical properties and show affinity toward binding with the receptor for a target disease. However, classical GANs cannot explore certain regions of the chemical space and suffer from training instabilities. The practical utility of such models is limited due to the vast size of the search space, characterized by millions of parameters. A full quantum GAN may require more than 90 qubits even to generate small molecules with up to nine heavy atoms. The proposed quantum GAN with a hybrid generator (QGAN-HG) model is composed of a hybrid quantum generator that supports various number of qubits and quantum circuit layers, and a classical discriminator. The QGAN-HG with less than 20% of the original parameters can learn molecular distributions as efficiently as its classical counterpart. Another extended version of the proposed QGAN-HG, which utilizes multiple quantum subcircuits, considerably accelerates our standard QGAN-HG training process and avoids the potential gradient vanishing issue of deep neural networks.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Evaluation and Clinical Analyses of Downstream Targets of the Akt Inhibitor GDC-0068 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 155K, Principal component analysis (PCA) of the ten biomarkers provides a biomarker profile for each cell line&lt;/p&gt;
GlueQoS: middleware to sweeten quality-of-service policy interactions (2004)

A holy grail of component-based software engineering is write-once, reuse everywhere. However, in modern distributed, component-based systems supporting emerging application areas such as service-oriented e-business (where Web services are viewed as components) and peer-to-peer computing, this is difficult. Non-functional requirements (related to quality-of-service (QoS) issues such as security, reliability, and performance) vary with deployment context, and sometimes even at run-time, complicating the task of re-using components. In this paper, we present a middleware-based approach to managing dynamically changing QoS requirements of components. Policies are used to advertise non-functional capabilities and vary at run-time with operating conditions. We also provide middleware enhancements to match, interpret, and mediate QoS requirements of clients and servers at deployment time and/or runtime.
2-(2-(Dimethylaminomethyl)phenoxy)-5-iodophenylamine:  An Improved Serotonin Transporter Imaging Agent (2004)

Imaging serotonin transporters (SERT) is an emerging research tool potentially useful to cast light on the mechanisms of drug action as well as to monitor the treatment of depressed patients. We have prepared two new derivatives of 3, 2-(2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenoxy)-5-iodophenylamine (4) and 2-(2-(dimethylaminomethyl)benzyl)-5-iodophenylamine (5) (K(i) for SERT = 0.37 and 48.6 nM, respectively). Both [(125)I]4 and [(125)I]5 displayed excellent brain uptakes in rats, and they showed a highest uptake in hypothalamus (between 60 and 240 min), a region populated with the highest density of SERT. The specific uptake of [(125)I]4 in the hypothalamus resulted in a target to nontarget ratio ([hypothalamus-cerebellum]/cerebellum) of 4.3 at 2 h. Autoradiography of rat brain sections (ex vivo at 2 h) of [(125)I]4 showed an excellent regional distribution pattern consistent with known SERT localization. These data suggest that [(123)I]4 may be useful for imaging SERT binding sites in the brain by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Binary Dioxygen Complexes of Nickel; Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence for Ni(O2) and (O2)Ni(O2) in Low Temperature Matrices (1972)

The cocondensation reaction of nickel atoms with oxygen or dilute oxygen–argon matrices at 4.2–10 °K gives rise to the first examples of binary transition metal dioxygen complexes. Variable concentration and diffusion controlled warm up studies and 16 O 2 , 16 O 18 O, 18 O 2 isotope substitution studies establish the stoichiometries of the dioxygen complexes of nickel to be Ni(O 2 ) and (O 2 )Ni(O 2 ). Both complexes have the dioxygen molecule(s) coordinated to the nickel atom in a "sideways" fashion.
O-GlcNAc Transferase Is Involved in Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Transrepression (2012)

Recruitment of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to promoters plays an important role in gene repression. Glucocorticoid signaling represses the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and AP-1 through direct binding, yet the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that OGT is an important component of GR-mediated transrepression. OGT associates with ligand-bound GR in a multi-protein repression complex. Overexpression of OGT potentiates the GR transrepression pathway, whereas depletion of endogenous OGT by RNA interference abolishes the repression. The recruitment of OGT by GR leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation and decreased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II on target genes. Functionally, overexpression of OGT enhances glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in resistant cell lines while knockdown of OGT prevents sensitive cell lines from apoptosis. These studies identify a molecular mechanism of GR transrepression, and highlight the function of O-GlcNAc in hormone signaling.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Protein Structure and Function with an Expanded Genetic Code (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IMPROVEMENT OF DNA IMMUNIZATION EFFICACY WITH GM-CSF CONTROLLED RELEASE SYSTEM (1999)

Olivero, O. A.1; Shearer, G. M.1; Chougnet, C. A.1; Landay, A. L.2; Proia, L. A.2; Kessler, H. A.2; Sha, B. E.2; Tarone, R. E.1; Poirier, M. C.1 Author Information
Onboard energy storage in rail transport: Review of real applications and techno‐economic assessments (2021)

Abstract Despite low energy and fuel consumption levels in the rail sector, further improvements are being pursued by manufacturers and operators. Their primary efforts aim to reduce traction energy demand, replace diesel, and limit the impact of electrified overhead infrastructures. From a system‐level perspective, the integration of alternative energy sources on board rail vehicles has become a popular solution among rolling stock manufacturers. Surveys are made of many recent realizations of multimodal rail vehicles with onboard electrochemical batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen fuel cell systems. The ratings, technical features, and operating data of onboard sources are gathered for each application, and a comparison among different technologies is presented. Traction system architectures and energy‐control strategies of actual multimodal units are explored and compared with literature research. Moreover, the maturity and potential of recent technologies and alternative topologies of power converters for multimodal traction systems are discussed. Ultimately, onboard storage systems are compared with other solutions for energy‐saving and catenary‐free operation, with particular focus on their current techno‐economic attractiveness as an alternative to diesel propulsion.
A new synthetic route to polyaza‐crown macrocycles through the per(N‐formyl)polyaza‐crowns (1992)

Abstract Seven new per( N ‐formyl)polyaza‐crown macrocycles 1‐7 containing 14 to 21 ring members have been synthesized in yields of over 40% via the cyclization reaction of the appropriate per( N ‐formyl)polyamine 11‐13 with the appropriate ditosylate, dibromide or diiodide. Three of the per( N ‐formyl) macrocycles 5‐7 were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to give the unsubstituted polyaza macrocycles 8‐10 in yields of over 77%.
Whole-saliva Proteolysis and Its Impact on Salivary Diagnostics (2011)

There is growing interest in the use of human whole saliva for diagnostics and disease monitoring as an alternative to blood samples. In contrast to blood, whole saliva is a non-sterile body fluid. Proper hand-ling and storage are required to preserve the integrity of potential biomarkers. We investigated salivary autoproteolytic degradation using a variety of approaches. We determined inhibition of protease activities by monitoring the endogenous proteome. In addition, the stability of highly protease-susceptible proteins-histatin 5, statherin, and PRP1-was assessed. Experimental variables included (a) protease inhibitors, (b) salivary pH, (c) incubation temperatures, and (d) sample heating. A cocktail containing AEBSF, aprotinin, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, antipain, and EDTA could not prevent histatin 5, statherin, or PRP1 degradation in whole saliva. Among the other treatments evaluated, short-term storage of freshly collected samples on ice was effective without interfering with the chemistry of the proteome. In conclusion, whole saliva contains a unique mixture of enzymes as evidenced from their resilience to protease inhibition. Analytical evidence on protein stability is needed to ensure the validity of salivary biomarker study outcomes. Analysis of the data presented will provide help and guidance for the use of saliva samples for diagnostic purposes.
Performance study of an input queueing ATM switch with windowing scheme for IP switching system (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a nonblocking input queueing asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch with windowing scheme for IP switching system. In particular, this paper analyzes the effects of nonuniform and correlated bursty traffic on the performance of the input queueing switch with windowing scheme. We consider four specific traffic patterns: uncorrelated non-bursty, correlated bursty, uniform and nonuniform traffic. Under the uncorrelated non-bursty traffic, we obtain the maximum throughput as a closed-form solution, and the analytic results are verified by simulation. On the other hand, under correlated bursty traffic, we obtain the maximum throughput through simulation. From the results, we know that the windowing scheme can reduce the head-of-line (HOL) blocking at the input ports and increase the maximum throughput up to 1 under uncorrelated and uniform traffic. However, the windowing scheme can not provide the performance improvement of the input queueing switch because of the congested output blocking under correlated bursty and/or nonuniform traffic. So, the designer should take into account the windowing scheme combined with a separate logical output queue for each output port and traffic load balancing or randomization techniques to build IP switching systems.
A novel MobileNet with selective depth multiplier to compromise complexity and accuracy (2022)

Abstract In the last few years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated good performance while solving various computer vision problems. However, since CNNs exhibit high computational complexity, signal processing is performed on the server side. To reduce the computational complexity of CNNs for edge computing, a lightweight algorithm, such as a MobileNet, is proposed. Although MobileNet is lighter than other CNN models, it commonly achieves lower classification accuracy. Hence, to find a balance between complexity and accuracy, additional hyperparameters for adjusting the size of the model have recently been proposed. However, significantly increasing the number of parameters makes models dense and unsuitable for devices with limited computational resources. In this study, we propose a novel MobileNet architecture, in which the number of parameters is adaptively increased according to the importance of feature maps. We show that our proposed network achieves better classification accuracy with fewer parameters than the conventional MobileNet.
Gated pinhole camera imaging of the high-energy ions emitted by a discharge produced Sn plasma for extreme ultraviolet generation (2009)

The origin and nature of the high-energy ions emitted by a discharge produced plasma source are studied using gated pinhole camera imaging. Time-of-flight analysis in combination with Faraday cup measurements enables characterization of the high-velocity component of the ionic debris. The use of an optional magnetic field allows mass-to-charge analysis of the first part of the Faraday cup signal. It is shown that this consists mainly of oxygen ions emitted from a region near the cathode. Time-resolved images of Sn ions with a kinetic energy of 45 keV visualize the regions in between the electrodes where the high-energy ion generation takes place.
An In-situ Identification Method for Joint Parameters in Mechanical Structures (1999)

This paper presents an improved scheme based on the frequency response functions (FRFs) for in-situ identification of joint parameters of mechanical structures. Despite that measurement of FRFs at joint locations is essential for identifying the joint parameters of a structural dynamic system, it is often impossible to measure FRFs at joint locations. To this end, the present paper suggests an indirect estimation technique for unmeasured FRFs which are required for identification but not available. Theoretical investigation is made to delineate the effects of measurement noise and modeling error on indirect estimation and identification. Two index functions are introduced, which can indicate the quality of estimation or identification along the frequency. The index functions are proven to be useful not only as a weighting function in the identification procedure but also for evaluating the frequency region appropriate for identification. A series of simulations as well as experiments are performed for validation of the method.
Study of shape evaluation for mask and silicon using large field of view (2010)

We have developed a highly integrated method of mask and silicon metrology. The aim of this integration is evaluating the performance of the silicon corresponding to Hotspot on a mask. It can use the mask shape of a large field, besides. The method adopts a metrology management system based on DBM (Design Based Metrology). This is the high accurate contouring created by an edge detection algorithm used in mask CD-SEM and silicon CD-SEM. Currently, as semiconductor manufacture moves towards even smaller feature size, this necessitates more aggressive optical proximity correction (OPC) to drive the super-resolution technology (RET). In other words, there is a trade-off between highly precise RET and mask manufacture, and this has a big impact on the semiconductor market that centers on the mask business. As an optimal solution to these issues, we provide a DFM solution that extracts 2-dimensional data for a more realistic and error-free simulation by reproducing accurately the contour of the actual mask, in addition to the simulation results from the mask data. On the other hand, there is roughness in the silicon form made from a mass-production line. Moreover, there is variation in the silicon form. For this reason, quantification of silicon form is important, in order to estimate the performance of a pattern. In order to quantify, the same form is equalized in two dimensions. And the method of evaluating based on the form is popular. In this study, we conducted experiments for averaging method of the pattern (Measurement Based Contouring) as two-dimensional mask and silicon evaluation technique. That is, observation of the identical position of a mask and a silicon was considered. The result proved its detection accuracy and reliability of variability on two-dimensional pattern (mask and silicon) and is adaptable to following fields of mask quality management. &bull;Discrimination of nuisance defects for fine pattern. &bull;Determination of two-dimensional variability of pattern. &bull;Verification of the performance of the pattern of various kinds of Hotspots. In this report, we introduce the experimental results and the application. We expect that the mask measurement and the shape control on mask production will make a huge contribution to mask yield-enhancement and that the DFM solution for mask quality control process will become much more important technology than ever. It is very important to observe the form of the same location of Design, Mask, and Silicon in such a viewpoint. And we report it about algorithm of the image composition in Large Field.