gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Effectiveness of t-Flavanone on Alopecia Areata (2010)

円形脱毛症の治療は，5%塩化カルプロニウムやステロイド剤の外用による治療が主に行われており，また施設によってはSADBE(squaric acid dibutylester)などを用いた局所免疫療法も行われているがその治療法は限られている。今回我々は，単発性円形脱毛症および脱毛斑3個以内の多発性円形脱毛症と診断された患者に対し，併用薬剤として全例にグリチロン3錠，セファランチン3錠(1日3回朝昼晩に各1錠)を投与しつつ，0.1% t-フラバノンを含有する試験製剤またはプラセボ製剤を1日2回，原則3ヵ月間，適量を脱毛部位に塗布し，その有用性を検討した。最終判定時に他覚所見の全般改善度を判定し，さらに副作用の有無や経過から総合判定(有用度判定)を行った。その結果「有用以上」と判定された割合が，プラセボ製剤使用群で27%であるのに対し，試験製剤使用群では85%であり，危険率5%未満の有意差をもって，t-フラバノン配合ローションの有用性が高かった。開始時の所見で脱毛部位に新生毛がない被験者に限って比較した場合でも，プラセボ製剤使用群では29%，試験製剤使用群では全員が「有用以上」であり，危険率5%未満の有意差をもって，t-フラバノン配合ローションの有用性が高かった。これらの結果から，円形脱毛症患者においてt-フラバノン配合ローションの有用性が高いことを確認した。
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyridones and Pyridopyrazines as Peptidomimetic Scaffolds (1999)

[formula: see text] We report the syntheses of peptidomimetic opioids containing the core structure N-alkyl-2-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridone. By employing imines bound on a solid support and the Danishefsky diene, this [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction facilitates the synthesis of novel complex heterocycles. The central reaction is carried out under mild conditions and employs readily available building blocks. In this study we demonstrate the suitability of N-alkyl-2-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridones as a central scaffold for peptidomimetics and establish the scope of this [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction with imino acids on a solid phase. We also combine the synthesis of diketopiperazines with the [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction to form a 9,9a-dihydro-2H-pyrido-[1,2a]- pyrazine-3,8(1,4-dialkyl)dione, a bicyclic molecule containing a pyridopyrazine core structure.
Spatial Merging for Face Detection (2006)

Face detection is a useful technique in computer vision. Many face detectors have been developed in the literature. These detectors to evaluate a face likelihood of a given sub-window. The sub-window must be scanned through an input image to detect faces. Since the detectors evaluate the scanned sub-windows independently, non-faces with high face likelihood are often misdetected. In this paper, we propose a novel face detection algorithm which explicitly uses difference of face likelihood distribution between faces and non-faces. The proposed algorithm can correctly classify the non-faces misdetected by the existing algorithm. The face likelihood distribution is generated and integrated to emphasize the difference between faces and non-faces. Experiments with pre-scanned data set and real-world images show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection rate approximately 20% and 10%, respectively
ForWaRD: Fourier-Wavelet Regularized Deconvolution for Ill-Conditioned Systems (2004)

We propose an efficient, hybrid Fourier-wavelet regularized deconvolution (ForWaRD) algorithm that performs noise regularization via scalar shrinkage in both the Fourier and wavelet domains. The Fourier shrinkage exploits the Fourier transform's economical representation of the colored noise inherent in deconvolution, whereas the wavelet shrinkage exploits the wavelet domain's economical representation of piecewise smooth signals and images. We derive the optimal balance between the amount of Fourier and wavelet regularization by optimizing an approximate mean-squared error (MSE) metric and find that signals with more economical wavelet representations require less Fourier shrinkage. ForWaRD is applicable to all ill-conditioned deconvolution problems, unlike the purely wavelet-based wavelet-vaguelette deconvolution (WVD); moreover, its estimate features minimal ringing, unlike the purely Fourier-based Wiener deconvolution. Even in problems for which the WVD was designed, we prove that ForWaRD's MSE decays with the optimal WVD rate as the number of samples increases. Further, we demonstrate that over a wide range of practical sample-lengths, ForWaRD improves on WVD's performance.
A generalized defuzzification method via bad distributions (1991)

Defuzzification in fuzzy logic controllers concerns itself with the issue of selecting an appropriate crisp value from the fuzzy output of the controller. We provide a parametized family of defuzzification operations. We call this family BAsic Defuzzification Distributions (BADD). We show that the commonly used methods. Mean of Maximum and Center of Area are special cases of this family. We suggest the use of these BADD transformations form the basis of a learning scheme to obtain the optimal defuzzification method in a given application. We suggest that the parameter in the BADD family, the distinction between different defuzzification methods, is related to the confidence we have in the rest of the controller.
A Materials Roadmap to Functional Neural Interface Design (2017)

Advancement in neurotechnologies for electrophysiology, neurochemical sensing, neuromodulation, and optogenetics are revolutionizing scientific understanding of the brain while enabling treatments, cures, and preventative measures for a variety of neurological disorders. The grand challenge in neural interface engineering is to seamlessly integrate the interface between neurobiology and engineered technology, to record from and modulate neurons over chronic timescales. However, the biological inflammatory response to implants, neural degeneration, and long-term material stability diminish the quality of interface overtime. Recent advances in functional materials have been aimed at engineering solutions for chronic neural interfaces. Yet, the development and deployment of neural interfaces designed from novel materials have introduced new challenges that have largely avoided being addressed. Many engineering efforts that solely focus on optimizing individual probe design parameters, such as softness or flexibility, downplay critical multi-dimensional interactions between different physical properties of the device that contribute to overall performance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the use of these new materials present substantial new difficulties that must be addressed before regulatory approval for use in human patients will be achievable. In this review, the interdependence of different electrode components are highlighted to demonstrate the current materials-based challenges facing the field of neural interface engineering.
Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Pork Production Chain in Korea (2019)

Background: While the prevalence and genetic profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in pigs and pork meat has been actively studied, livestock-associated MSSA strains have not been well characterized other than few small scale studies. In the current investigation, we assessed nationwide prevalence of MSSA in the pig production chain including pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets in Korea.
Materials and Methods: We used 41 MSSA strains isolated from pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets to assess: i) in vitro susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents using the standard disc diffusion test and E-test; ii) genotypic characteristics including multilocus sequence types (MLST), accessory gene regulator (agr) types, staphylococcal protein A (spa) types, and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) types; iii) virulence factors such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1).
Results: Among the 41 MSSA strains, the predominant clonal lineages were sequence type (ST) 398 (n=15, 37%) and ST5 (n = 13, 32%). Although the overall prevalence of MSSA (2.58%) and mostly restricted to pig farms, some of the MSSA strains, especially ST398 MSSA strains, exhibited higher level of multidrug resistance phenotype versus non-ST398 MSSA strains. In addition to the MDR phenotype, all of the ST398 MSSA strains were resistant to tetracycline by harboring tet(K), tet(L), and/or tet(M) genes.
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the MDR nature with high level of tetracycline resistance may have played an important role in the emergence and prevalence of ST398 MSSA.
EUV sub-resolution assist feature impact: experimental and simulation evaluation (2023)

Aggressive off-axis illumination must be used to resolve line space pitches of 28nm and below. The consequence is that the best focus (BF) shifts a lot and depth of focus shrinks rapidly through pitch. This is mainly due to the mask 3D effects. To reduce the impact the best-known method is to introduce sub-resolution assist features (SRAF). We explored wafer printing with SARF size of 6-8 nm and analyzed BF and DOF impact. Clear SRAF sizes of 6-8 nm do not print with PCAR but some 7-8 nm clear SRAF printed with NTD MOR due to the higher resolution and over exposure preference. Then we validated the experiments with SLITHO simulation tool, and we found a good experiment-simulation match of BF/DOF/EL/MEF w and w/o SRAF through pitch with the three P28 illumination candidates. Overall SRAF can improve the DOF and exposure latitude (EL) for the given pitches with SRAF capable and help shift the BF to the favored focus direction. With the validated model we further study BF/DOF/EL/MEF w and w/o SRAF through pitch with the small/medium/large sigma illuminations designed for 28nm pitch, with traditional TaBN and other three candidate absorbers. We will also discuss the SRAF size and placement sensitivities. Through this work we are confident to implement SRAF to enlarge the common process window for a large range of pitches.
Improved Li/BCX Primary Cells for Space Applications (1998)

Li/BCX (bromine chloride in thionyl chloride) primary cells have been qualified for flight aboard the space shuttle for over fifteen years. These cells provide high energy density while maintaining an excellent safety record. Recently, changes to the electrolyte have resulted in an improved Li/BCX II system with a lower self-discharge rate. The use of low molarity electrolytes in programs unique to NASA have improved the safety hazards tolerance of these cells while maintaining or increasing their energy density.
Genetic architecture of complex traits: Large phenotypic effects and pervasive epistasis (2008)

The genetic architecture of complex traits underlying physiology and disease in most organisms remains elusive. We still know little about the number of genes that underlie these traits, the magnitude of their effects, or the extent to which they interact. Chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) enable statistically powerful studies based on testing engineered inbred strains that have single, unique, and nonoverlapping genetic differences, thereby providing measures of phenotypic effects that are attributable to individual chromosomes. Here, we report a study of phenotypic effects and gene interactions for 90 blood, bone, and metabolic traits in a mouse CSS panel and 54 traits in a rat CSS panel. Two key observations emerge about the genetic architecture of these traits. First, the traits tend to be highly polygenic: across the genome, many individual chromosome substitutions each had significant phenotypic effects and, within each of the chromosomes studied, multiple distinct loci were found. Second, strong epistasis was found among the individual chromosomes. Specifically, individual chromosome substitutions often conferred surprisingly large effects (often a substantial fraction of the entire phenotypic difference between the parental strains), with the result that the sum of these individual effects often dramatically exceeded the difference between the parental strains. We suggest that strong, pervasive epistasis may reflect the presence of several phenotypically-buffered physiological states. These results have implications for identification of complex trait genes, developmental and physiological studies of phenotypic variation, and opportunities to engineer phenotypic outcomes in complex biological systems.
Subthreshold Spectral Bi-Modality of Double Layer InP/AlGaInP Quantum Dot Laser (2021)

We report spectral bi-modality in double-layer quantum dot (QD) laser based on InP/AlGaInP material system. The InP/AlGaInP self-assembled quantum dots are fabricated by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The bi-modality is attributed to smaller and larger QD groups.
Low absorption losses of strongly coupled surface plasmons in nanoparticle assemblies (2011)

Coupled surface plasmons in one-dimensional assemblies of metal nanoparticles have attracted significant attention because strong interparticle interactions lead to large electromagnetic field enhancements that can be exploited for localizing and amplifying electromagnetic radiation in nanoscale structures. Ohmic loss (i.e., absorption by the metal), however, limits the performance of any application due to nonradiative surface plasmon relaxation. While absorption losses have been studied theoretically, they have not been quantified experimentally for strongly coupled surface plasmons. Here, we report on the ohmic loss in one-dimensional assemblies of gold nanoparticles with small interparticle separations of only a few nanometers and hence strong plasmon coupling. Both the absorption and scattering cross-sections of coupled surface plasmons were determined and compared to electrodynamic simulations. A lower absorption and higher scattering cross-section for coupled surface plasmons compared to surface plasmons of isolated nanoparticles suggest that coupled surface plasmons suffer smaller ohmic losses and therefore act as better antennas. These experimental results provide important insight for the design of plasmonic devices.
Data from SLAMF6 as a Regulator of Exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The tumor microenvironment in leukemia and solid tumors induces a shift of activated CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cytotoxic T cells to an exhausted state, characterized by loss of proliferative capacity and impaired immunologic synapse formation. Efficient strategies and targets need to be identified to overcome T-cell exhaustion and further improve overall responses in the clinic. Here, we took advantage of the Eμ-TCL1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B16 melanoma mouse models to assess the role of the homophilic cell-surface receptor SLAMF6 as an immune-checkpoint regulator. The transfer of SLAMF6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Eμ-TCL1 cells into SLAMF6&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; recipients, in contrast to wild-type (WT) recipients, significantly induced expansion of a PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; subpopulation among CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD44&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, which had impaired cytotoxic functions. Conversely, administering anti-SLAMF6 significantly reduced the leukemic burden in Eμ-TCL1 recipient WT mice concomitantly with a loss of PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD44&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells with significantly increased effector functions. Anti-SLAMF6 significantly reduced leukemic burden in the peritoneal cavity, a niche where antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is impaired, possibly through activation of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Targeting of SLAMF6 affected tumor growth not only in B cell–related leukemia and lymphomas but also in nonhematopoietic tumors such as B16 melanoma, where SLAMF6 is not expressed. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; exhausted CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells showed increased degranulation when anti-human SLAMF6 was added in culture. Taken together, anti-SLAMF6 both effectively corrected CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell dysfunction and had a direct effect on tumor progression. The outcomes of our studies suggest that targeting SLAMF6 is a potential therapeutic strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Flotillin-2 Expression in the Human Gut: from a Cell Model to Human Tissue in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2013)

By virtue of its abundant expression in enterocytes, flotillin-2 must have an essential function in intestinal physiology, especially in the colon. Yet our data could not link flotillin-2 to the pathogenesis of IBD.
Prognostic Value of Emerging Neurohormones in Chronic Heart Failure during Optimization of Heart Failure–Specific Therapy (2009)

In pharmacologically unstable chronic HF patients, baseline values and follow-up measures of copeptin, midregional proadrenomedullin, C-terminal endothelin-1 precursor fragment, midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide, and B-type natriuretic peptide were equally predictive of all-cause mortality. Relative change of neurohormone values was noncontributory.
Crystal Chemistry and Dielectric Properties of Chemically Substituted (Bi 1.5 Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 )O 7 and Bi 2 (Zn 2/3 Nb 4/3 )O 7 Pyrochlores (2000)

The effect of the chemical substitution of Ti, Zr, and Gd cations on the structure and properties of bismuth‐based pyrochlores was investigated for (Bi 1.5 Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 )O 7 and Bi 2 (Zn 2/3 Nb 4/3 )O 7 . Broad ranges of solid solutions based on cubic (Bi 1.5 Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 )O 7 were observed for Ti and Zr cations: (Bi 1.5 Zn 1−( x /3) Nb 1.5−(2 x /3) Zr x )O 7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) and (Bi 1.5 Zn 1−( x /3) Nb 1.5−(2 x /3) Ti x )O 7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.25). For Gd cations, the range of solid solution was quite limited in (Bi 1.5− x Gd x Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 )O 7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2); however, the range of solid solution is more extensive in the system that contains Ti and Gd cations ((Bi 1.5− x Gd x Zn 0.5 Ti 1.5 Nb 0.5 )O 7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6)). The stability fields of the solid solutions could be interpreted by using the ratio of the ionic sizes of the A‐ and B‐site ions in the pyrochlore structure ( R A / R B ). The substituted phases exhibited permittivities (κ′) in the range of ∼100–200 and relatively low dielectric losses (tan δ &lt; 7 × 10 −4 ) at 1 MHz. The temperature coefficients of permittivity (τ κ ) varied in accordance with the R A / R B value and could be tuned from −88 ppm/K to −1300 ppm/K. For the orthorhombic Bi 2 (Zn 2/3 Nb 4/3 )O 7 pyrochlore, the ranges of solid solution were very limited and the dielectric properties remained similar to those of the undoped phase (κ′= 90, τ κ = 150 ppm/K).
Generation of Dynamic Free-Form Temperature Gradients in a Disposable Microchip (2015)

Temperature gradients (TGs) provide an effective approach to controlling solvated molecules and creating spatiotemporally varying thermal stimuli for biochemical research. Methods developed to date for generating TGs can only create a limited set of static temperature profiles. This article describes a method for establishing dynamic free-form TGs in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as well as in gases and liquids in contact with the PDMS. The heating mechanism relies on the efficient acoustic absorption by the PDMS of high-frequency (5-200 MHz) surface acoustic waves (SAWs). MATLAB-aided actuation of a transducer enabled the generation and propagation of SAWs in a controlled fashion, which permitted spatiotemporal control over the temperature in the PDMS microstructures. This technique is exploited to perform one-shot high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA. The experimental results displayed a 10-fold higher resolution and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio compared to the results obtained using a conventional real-time PCR machine.
A pilot trial of complement inhibition using eculizumab to overcome platelet transfusion refractoriness in human leukocyte antigen allo‐immunized patients (2020)

Heavily transfused patients frequently develop human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allo-immunization resulting in platelet transfusion refractoriness and a high risk for life-threatening thrombocytopenia. Data suggest complement activation leading to the destruction of platelets bound by HLA allo-antibodies may play a pathophysiologic role in platelet refractoriness. Here we conducted a pilot trial to investigate the use of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits C5 complement, to treat platelet transfusion refractoriness in allo-immunized patients with severe thrombocytopenia. A single eculizumab infusion was administered to 10 eligible patients, with four (40%) patients overcoming platelet refractories assessed measuring the corrected platelet count increment (CCI) 10-60 min and 18-24 h post transfusion. Responding patients had a reduction in the requirement for subsequent platelet transfusions and had higher post-transfusion platelet increments for 14 days following eculizumab administration. Remarkably, three of the four responders met CCI criteria for response despite receiving HLA-incompatible platelets. Our results suggest that eculizumab has the ability to overcome platelet transfusion refractoriness in patients with broad HLA allo-immunization. This study establishes proof of principle that complement inhibition can treat platelet transfusion refractoriness, laying the foundation for a large multicentre trial to assess the overall efficacy of this approach (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02298933).
Supplementary Table from <i>PTEN</i> Loss Contributes to Erlotinib Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer by Activation of Akt and EGFR (2023)

Supplementary Table from &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; Loss Contributes to Erlotinib Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer by Activation of Akt and EGFR
Grid synchronization for advanced power processing and FACTS in wind power systems (2010)

The high penetration of wind power systems in the electrical network has introduced new issues in the stability and transient operation of the grid. By means of providing advanced functionalities to the existing power converters of such power plants it is possible to enhance their performance and also to support the grid operation, as the new grid codes demand. The connection of FACTS based on power converters, such as STATCOMs, are also contributing to the integration of renewable energies improving their behavior under contingencies. However, in both cases it is needed to have a grid voltage synchronization system, able to work under unbalanced and distorted conditions. This paper presents the discrete representation and performance of three PLL's structures, designed to work in that kind of situations. Their synchronization capability will be tested in different scenarios and their performance constraints will be established according to the Grid Code Requirements (GCRs).
DNA-Mediated Transfer of Human Melanoma Cell Surface Glycoprotein gp130: Identification of Transfectants by Erythrocyte Rosetting (1985)

DNA sequences encoding a human melanoma membrane-bound sialoglycoprotein of 130,000 molecular weight (gp130) were introduced into a clonal derivative of mouse B-16 melanoma cells with the selectable neomycin resistance gene (aminoglycoside phosphotransferase). Mouse transfectants were identified by a rapid and precise screening method with mouse monoclonal antibodies and erythrocyte rosetting. The frequency of gp130 transfectants was approximately 1 in 2,000 to 5,000 colonies with neo+ cells. Analysis of secondary mouse transfectants has revealed that the transfected gp130 has a molecular weight, isoelectric point, intracellular processing, peptide map, and spatial orientation of surface-exposed epitopes indistinguishable from those seen with gp130 from human melanoma cells. In contrast to primary transfectants, secondary transfectants expressing gp130 lack demonstrable human repetitive sequences.