gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of stimulus parameters on human postural responses (1988)

1. The role of sensory information in shaping muscle activation patterns to postural perturbations in humans was investigated by varying velocity, amplitude, or duration of the perturbing stimulus. Ten normal subjects were exposed to 120 backward translations of the support surface under conditions of varying velocities (10-35 cm/s, constant amplitude), varying amplitudes (1.2-12 cm, constant velocity), or varying durations (40-800 ms). The effects of perturbation parameters on movement kinematics and EMG latencies, patterns, and integrated areas in six trunk and leg muscles were examined. Integrated EMG activity was normalized across subjects and the early (first 75 ms), middle (second 75 ms), and late (last 350 ms) components were analyzed separately. 2. Ankle, knee, and hip angle trajectories and surface reactive forces suggest that a relatively consistent movement strategy was scaled to the perturbation velocities and amplitudes applied. 3. Short-duration perturbations (75 ms) evoked a single burst of muscle activity (75-100 ms duration) in gastrocnemius, hamstrings, paraspinal, and rectus abdominis muscles at latencies too long to be explained by simple stretch reflexes. EMG latencies, patterns, and integrated areas were independent of the velocity and amplitude of the short-duration perturbations, suggesting a minimal time to incorporate peripheral velocity information into the triggered response. 4. For translations lasting longer than 75 ms, the integrated areas of the early agonist EMG bursts were positively correlated with stimulus velocity. The integrated area of later, more tonic EMG components were best correlated with stimulus amplitude. These relationships were found in both distal (stretched) muscles and in proximal muscles. Absolute latencies (94-145 ms), intersegmental latencies (18-29 ms), and burst durations (75-100 ms) were not influenced by the velocity or amplitude of the stimulus. 5. These results suggest that the spatial and temporal organization of automatic postural responses may be organized independently of response intensity. Within a particular spatial-temporal pattern, the amount of muscle activation appears to be adjusted by sensory information, which specifies velocity and amplitude of the perturbation.
Emergent Organoboron Acid Catalysts (2022)

Organoboron acids are stable, organic-soluble Lewis acids with potential application as catalysts for a wide variety of chemical reactions. In this review, we summarize the utility of boronic and borinic acids, as well as boric acid, as catalysts for organic transformations. Typically, the catalytic processes exploit the Lewis acidity of trivalent boron, enabling the reversible formation of a covalent bond with oxygen. Our focus is on recent developments in the catalysis of dehydration, carbonyl condensation, acylation, alkylation, and cycloaddition reactions. We conclude that organoboron acids have a highly favorable prospectus as the source of new catalysts.
TGF-β Is Required for Vascular Barrier Function, Endothelial Survival and Homeostasis of the Adult Microvasculature (2009)

Pericyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions are critical to both vascular development and vessel stability. We have previously shown that TGF-beta signaling between EC and mural cells participates in vessel stabilization in vitro. We therefore investigated the role of TGF-beta signaling in maintaining microvessel structure and function in the adult mouse retinal microvasculature. TGF-beta signaling was inhibited by systemic expression of soluble endoglin (sEng) and inhibition was demonstrated by reduced phospho-smad2 in the adult retina. Blockade of TGF-beta signaling led to increased vascular and neural cell apoptosis in the retina, which was associated with decreased retinal function, as measured by electroretinogram (ERG). Perfusion of the inner retinal vasculature was impaired and was accompanied by defective autoregulation and loss of capillary integrity. Fundus angiography and Evans blue permeability assay revealed a breakdown of the blood-retinal-barrier that was characterized by decreased association between the tight junction proteins zo-1 and occludin. Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling in cocultures of EC and 10T1/2 cells corroborated the in vivo findings, with impaired EC barrier function, dissociation of EC from 10T1/2 cells, and endothelial cell death, supporting the role of EC-mesenchymal interactions in TGF-beta signaling. These results implicate constitutive TGF-beta signaling in maintaining the integrity and function of the adult microvasculature and shed light on the potential role of TGF-beta signaling in vasoproliferative and vascular degenerative retinal diseases.
The pathogenesis of lactic acidosis in sepsis (1999)

Lactic acidosis is a common finding in critically ill patients during severe sepsis/septic shock, and a powerful predictor of mortality. Because of the knowledge that lactate is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis, the presence of hyperlactatemia in sepsis has been taken to indicate the development of anaerobic glycolysis within tissues. Such anaerobic glycolysis is understood to result from oxygen “debt” at cellular level. The metabolic acidosis frequently associated with hyperlactatemia has thus been ascribed to hydrogen ions released from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. This simplistic view of the pathogenesis and meaning of hyperlactatemia, however, is not supported by available data. Systemic oxygen transport is usually increased rather than decreased in septic patients. Whenever studied, tissue oxygenation is either preserved or increased in septic animals and humans. In addition, lactate levels may fluctuate in response to inotropic drugs and do not consistently decrease when tissue oxygen delivery is increased. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that large amounts of lactate can be produced and released under aerobic conditions and that the pathogenesis of hyperlactatemia in septic states is complex. Such pathogenesis may involve accelerated glycolytic fluxes, the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and changes in intermediary metabolism. It may also involve the need to modulate the rate and efficiency of glycolytic flux by controlling the redox state of cytoplasm and mitochondria through lactate accumulation. Furthermore, recent investigations have attempted to establish which organs are responsible for lactate production in septic humans and endotoxemic animals. These studies suggest that the lung may be a major source of much of the excess lactate produced under these circumstances. They also suggest that decreased lactate elimination is also an important component of the pathogenesis of hyperlactatemia. Finally, the pathogenesis of the metabolic acidosis associated with hyperlactatemia is most likely to be related to the effect of the lactate ion on the strong ion difference and subsequently on the dissociation of plasma water into hydrogen ions. A great deal remains to be understood about the pathogenesis of lactic acidosis in sepsis. It is important, however, to understand that the concepts of “anaerobic glycolysis” and “unfettered adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis” are not convincingly supported by available evidence and probably represent an inaccurate and simplistic explanation of this complex phenomenon.
Recursive identification of a nonlinear state space model (2022)

Summary The convergence of a recursive prediction error method is analyzed. The algorithm identifies a nonlinear continuous time state space model, parameterized by one right‐hand side component of the differential equation and an output equation with a fixed differential gain, to avoid over‐parametrization. The method minimizes the criterion by simulation using an Euler discretization. A stability analysis of the associated differential equations results in conditions for (local) convergence to a minimum of the criterion function. Simulations verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the performance in the presence of unmodeled dynamics, by identification of the nonlinear drum boiler dynamics of a power plant model.
Reversible carbon monoxide addition to sol-gel derived composite films containing a cationic rhodium(I) complex: towards the development of a new class of molecule-based carbon monoxide sensors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible carbon monoxide addition to sol-gel derived composite films containing a cationic rhodium(I) complex: towards the development of a new class of molecule-based carbon monoxide sensorsJoel I. Dulebohn, Steven C. Haefner, Kris A. Berglund, and Kim R. DunbarCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 3, 506–508Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00021a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00021a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Unique Fluorescent Base Analogue for the Expansion of the Genetic Alphabet (2010)

Fluorescent nucleobase analogues are useful in a wide variety of biology and biotechnology tools as molecular probes and reporters for nucleic acids. Here we present a novel fluorescent purine analogue, 7-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (denoted as Dss). The nucleoside triphosphates of Dss can be site-specifically incorporated into DNA and RNA by polymerases, opposite its pairing partner, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (Pa), in DNA templates. Despite its high specificity in replication and transcription, Dss in oligonucleotides functions as a universal base that pairs with all four natural bases with nearly equal thermal stabilities. Thus, Dss would be a powerful tool for fluorescent base replacements at specific positions in functional DNA and RNA molecules.
Infrared cross-section measurements of the Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Ho 3+ ions in crystals (1991)

The most cost effective use of diode-laser-pump sources occurs in a regime in which the diodes are operated with a high-duty cycle factor. The design of diode-pumped, solid-state amplifier modules therefore requires a gain medium with a long storage time to obtain the maximum benefit from the diodes. Crystals doped with the rare earth ions Er3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+ satisfy this criterion of a long lifetime (>10 ms), although it is also necessary that a transition terminating on a high-lying (thermally depopulated) Stark level of the ground manifold exhibit an adequate emission cross section.
Cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. (1979)

Cytogenetic studies were conducted in 36 patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous T-cell lymphomas at the National Cancer Institute-Veterans' Administration Medical Oncology Branch. Aneuploidy was observed in 17 (85%) of the 20 lymph nodes, 23 of the 36 peripheral bloods, and five of the 31 bone marros. Aneuploidy was frequently present even when tumor cells were not noted histologically. These findings indicate that cytogenetic studies can be very useful for the early detection of malignant cells even when only a few such neoplastic cells are encountered. In this study, the cytogenetic abnormalities found to be characteristic of the disease included extensive aneuploidy, with both numerical and structural aberrations, a wide range of heteroploidy, and a lack of clone formation until the terminal phase of the disease. The numerical changes most frequently involved chromosomes 8, 15, 11, 17, 21, and 10, and the chromosome most involved in structural aberrations was chromosome 1, followed by chromosomes 7, 14, 16, 6, and 9. Cytogenetic studies demonstrate that neoplasia in the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas commonly involves areas beyond the skin.
A bibliometric analysis of the studies on dental implant failure (2022)

Most of the papers in the top-cited on dental implant failures were retrospective studies, and there was only one clinical trial.
Outcomes in children with hemophilia A with inhibitors: Results from a noninterventional study (2020)

ABRs remained high in pediatric PwHA with inhibitors receiving standard treatment. This study demonstrates the need for more effective treatments, with reduced treatment burden, to prevent bleeds, increase prophylaxis adherence, and improve patient outcomes.
A DoD Injector Applicable to High-Viscosity Materials in High-Temperature (2006)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and performance test of a gap adjustable piezoelectrically-actuated DoD(drop-on-demand) molten metal injector for application to the 3D microstructure manufacturing or printed electronics. In the design process, we propose the gap adjustable mechanism of the piezoelectrically-actuated inkjet system to control the volume and velocity of the ejected molten metal droplets. In the experimental process, we fabricate the DoD metal injector and measure the volumes and velocities of the ejected droplets for molten metal as well as pure water to compare the ejecting performance for the different viscosity of ink and the operating temperature of the system.
A Novel Fe‐Mn‐Si Shape Memory Alloy With Improved Shape Recovery Properties by VC Precipitation (2009)

In this work, a nominally new Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloy with a small amount of VC was designed. After an optimized thermo-mechanical treatment, a shape recovery of more than 90% after an elongation of 4% could be achieved when the alloys were heated up to 225°C. In addition, high recovery stresses of up to 380 MPa could be obtained after heating to 225°C, whereas 330 MPa were obtained after heating to 160°C.
Fabrication of two-dimensional arrays of microlenses and their applications in photolithography (2002)

This paper describes several methods for the fabrication of microlenses, and demonstrates a lithographic technique that uses a microlens array to pattern the intensity of light incident on photoresist. Three different methods were used to fabricate microlenses: (i) self-assembly of transparent microspheres, (ii) melting and reflow of photoresist on glass substrates and (iii) self-assembly of liquid polymers on functionalized surfaces. These methods provide different advantages and convenience for the fabrication of microlenses. Microlens arrays produced by these techniques were used in photolithography to produce arrays of micropatterns in photoresist. The distribution of these micropatterns replicates the distribution of the microlenses in the array. Two types of illumination are used for exposure in this technique: collimated flood illumination and illumination through a mask. Depending on which type of exposure is used, a single microlens array can produce different patterns on its image plane: (i) an array of circular or noncircular microlenses under collimated illumination produces an array of optical micropatterns on an image plane positioned within micrometer distances from the lens array. The array of optical micropatterns corresponds to the distribution of spatial irradiance generated by simple lensing of the microlens array. The shapes of these micropatterns depend on the shapes and profiles of the microlenses. (ii) Under illumination patterned by a mask, each microlens approximately replicates the image of the patterned light source and produces a micro-scale image of this source on its image plane. The array of microlenses generates an array of repetitive micropatterns on the common image plane of the lens array. The shapes of the micropatterns depend on the patterns of the masks. Gray-scale masks can be used to produce repetitive microstructures with controlled profiles. Both techniques can generate microstructures with submicron resolution. We demonstrate that both methods produce arrays of uniform micropatterns over an area larger than 10 cm2.
Penetrating Trauma to the Male External Genitalia (1998)

Early surgical exploration with conservative debridement and primary repair of injured structures is recommended for most men who sustain penetrating injuries to the external genitalia. Selected patients with superficial injuries can be managed nonoperatively, but delayed wound complications are not uncommon. Although universal precautions are recommended for all patients, the high prevalence of hepatitis B and C in this group reemphasizes their importance. Long-term follow-up in this largely young, mobile, indigent population was poor.
Dynamic regulation of Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter surface expression by PKC-ε in Cl−-secretory epithelia (2005)

In secretory epithelia, activation of PKC by phorbol ester and carbachol negatively regulates Cl(-) secretion, the transport event of secretory diarrhea. Previous studies have implicated the basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) as a target of PKC-dependent inhibition of Cl(-) secretion. In the present study, we examined the regulation of surface expression of NKCC1 in response to the activation of PKC. Treatment of confluent T84 intestinal epithelial cells with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA) reduced the amount of NKCC1 accessible to basolateral surface biotinylation. Loss of cell surface NKCC1 was due to internalization as shown by 1) the resistance of biotinylated NKCC1 to surface biotin stripping after incubation with PMA and 2) indirect immunofluorescent labeling. PMA-induced internalization of NKCC1 is dependent on the epsilon-isoform of PKC as determined on the basis of sensitivity to a panel of PKC inhibitors. The effect of PMA on surface expression of NKCC1 was specific because PMA did not significantly alter the amount of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase or E-cadherin available for surface biotinylation. After extended PMA exposure (>2 h), NKCC1 became degraded in a proteasome-dependent fashion. Like PMA, carbachol reduced the amount of NKCC1 accessible to basolateral surface biotinylation in a PKC-epsilon-dependent manner. However, long-term exposure to carbachol did not result in degradation of NKCC1; rather, NKCC1 that was internalized after exposure to carbachol was recycled back to the cell membrane. PKC-epsilon-dependent alteration of NKCC1 surface expression represents a novel mechanism for regulating Cl(-) secretion.
Illuminating Trap Density Trends in Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors with Ultrabroadband Photoconduction (2023)

Abstract Under varying growth and device processing conditions, ultrabroadband photoconduction (UBPC) reveals strongly evolving trends in the defect density of states (DoS) for amorphous oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Spanning the wide bandgap of amorphous InGaZnO x (a‐IGZO), UBPC identifies seven oxygen deep donor vacancy peaks that are independently confirmed by energetically matching to photoluminescence emission peaks. The subgap DoS from 15 different types of a‐IGZO TFTs all yield similar DoS, except only back‐channel etch TFTs can have a deep acceptor peak seen at 2.2 eV below the conduction band mobility edge. This deep acceptor is likely a zinc vacancy, evidenced by trap density which becomes 5‐6× larger when TFT wet‐etch methods are employed. Certain DoS peaks are strongly enhanced for TFTs with active channel processing damage caused from plasma exposure. While Ar implantation and He plasma processing damage are similar, Ar plasma yields more disorder showing a ≈2 × larger valence‐band Urbach energy, and two orders of magnitude increase in the deep oxygen vacancy trap density. Changing the growth conditions of a‐IGZO also impacts the DoS, with zinc‐rich TFTs showing much poorer electrical performance compared to 1:1:1 molar ratio a‐IGZO TFTs owing to the former having a ∼10 × larger oxygen vacancy trap density. Finally, hydrogen is found to behave as a donor in amorphous indium tin gallium zinc oxide TFTs.
Generation of VUV, EUV, and X-ray light using VUV-UV-VIS lasers (2023)

A method for extending and enhancing bright coherent high-order harmonic generation into the VUV-EUV-X-ray regions of the spectrum involves a way of accomplishing phase matching or effective phase matching of extreme upconversion of laser light at high conversion efficiency, approaching 10<sup>-3</sup> in some spectral regions, and at significantly higher photon energies in a waveguide geometry, in a self-guiding geometry, a gas cell, or a loosely focusing geometry, containing nonlinear medium. The extension and enhancement of the coherent VUV, EUV, X-ray emission to high photon energies relies on using VUV-UV-VIS lasers of shorter wavelength. This leads to enhancement of macroscopic phase matching parameters due to stronger contribution of linear and nonlinear dispersion of both atoms and ions, combined with a strong microscopic single-atom yield.
Local temperature control of photonic crystal devices via micron-scale electrical heaters (2009)

We demonstrate a method to locally control the temperature of photonic crystal devices via micron-scale electrical heaters. The method is used to control the resonant frequency of InAs quantum dots strongly coupled to GaAs photonic crystal resonators. This technique enables independent control of large ensembles of photonic devices located on the same chip at tuning speed as high as hundreds of kilohertz.
NSF research experiences for undergraduates summer projects: 1. Measuring electrical properties of polycrystalline films 2. Calibrating a spectral quantum efficiency system 3. Implementing an optical beam induced current (OBIC) system (2002)

Three undergraduate students participated in photovoltaics research at the University of Toledo in the summer of 1992 under the NSF-sponsored program Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU). Highlights of their work are presented here. Their work all involved studies of polycrystalline thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells. One project involved electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements of doped and undoped CdS and CdTe films on glass, the second project involved improving and calibrating both a spectral quantum efficiency system and a triple spectrometer used for Raman and photoluminescence work, and the third project involved implementing an optical beam induced current (OBIC) system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A C OMPARISON OF B IPHASIC AND M ONOPHASIC S HOCKS FOR E XTERNAL D EFIBRILLATION (2000)

Biphasic shocks of 200 J provide better first-shock defibrillation efficacy for short-duration VF than 200-J monophasic and 130-J biphasic shocks and thus may allow earlier termination of VF in cardiac arrest patients.