gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homeotropic alignment of multiple bent-core liquid crystal phases using a polydimethylsiloxane alignment layer (2017)

The control of the molecular orientation of liquid crystals (LCs) is important in both understanding phase properties and the continuing development of new LC technologies including displays, organic transistors, and electro-optic devices. Many techniques have been developed for successfully inducing alignment of calamitic LCs, though these techniques typically do not translate to the alignment of bent-core liquid crystals (BCLCs). Some techniques have been utilized to align various phases of BCLCs, but these techniques are often unsuccessful for general alignment of multiple materials and/or multiple phases. Here, we demonstrate that glass cells treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films induce high quality homeotropic alignment of multiple mesophases of four BCLCs. On cooling to the lowest temperature phase the homeotropic alignment is lost, and spherulitic growth is seen in crystal and crystal-like phases including the dark conglomerate (DC) and helical nanofilament (HNF) phases. Evidence of homeotropic alignment is observed using polarized optical microscopy. We speculate that the methyl groups on the surface of the PDMS films strongly interact with the aliphatic tails of each mesogens, resulting in homeotropic alignment.
<title>Real-time confocal two-photon fluorescence microscope using a rotating microlens array</title> (1999)

The use of a confocal pinhole-array in a real-time two-photon fluorescence microscope with a microlens array is proposed to increase the three-dimensional resolution and the depth- penetration property. Enhancement of the lateral and axial resolution in the proposed microscope is observed in our experiments. Comparisons of images taken with and without the pinhole-array to verify the sharp depth-imaging performance are shown.
A biofunctionalized quantum dot–nickel oxide nanorod based smart platform for lipid detection (2016)

A reagent-free, low-cost and sensitive immunosensor has been fabricated using anti-apolipoprotein B (AAB) conjugated l-cysteine in situ capped cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CysCdS QDs) bound to nickel oxide nanorods (nNiO) for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in human serum samples. The structural and morphological properties of AAB conjugated CysCdS QDs and nNiO have been investigated using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible techniques. In this immunosensor, the synthesized NiO nanorods act as mediators that allow the direct electron transfer due to their channeling effect resulting in a mediator-free biosensor. This mediator-free CysCdS-NiO based immunosensor shows improved characteristics such as a good sensitivity of 32.08 μA (mg dl<sup>-1</sup>)<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> compared to that based on nNiO (1.42 μA (mg dl<sup>-1</sup>)<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) alone for detection of lipid (LDL) molecules over a wide concentration range, 5-120 mg dl<sup>-1</sup> (0.015-0.36 μM). The kinetic analysis yields an association constant (K<sub>a</sub>) of 3.24 kM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, indicating that the antibody conjugated CysCdS-NiO platform has a strong affinity towards lipid molecules. The excellent electron transport properties of the CysCdS-NiO nanocomposite in this immunosensor reveal that it provides an efficient platform for routine quantification of LDL molecules in real samples.
Complete Suppression of Bias-Induced Threshold Voltage Shift below 273 K in Solution-Processed High-Performance Organic Transistors (2018)

Despite their importance for future applications, the operational electrical stability of organic thin-film transistors is far from being understood. Even in the most stable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) operated under vacuum, a hitherto unknown source leads to bias stress. Here, we investigate the electrical characteristics and operational stability of a high-performance diketopyrrolopyrrole- alt-terthiophene organic semiconductor. Even though the OFETs are characterized by a high mobility of 3 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and trap-free transport, the threshold voltage shift in all stress modes remains sensitive to the presence of water even when operating devices in high vacuum. Exponential fitting from current bias-stress measurement up to 500 000 s showed a bias-voltage shift of <1 V, which corresponds to the density of the bias-induced trap states at infinite time N<sub>T</sub><sup>∞</sup> = 7.6 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. We have surprisingly found that electrical stress could be completely suppressed when devices are cooled to below 273 K. We present evidence that H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup> stemming from the autoionization of liquid water is the hitherto unidentified universal trap (i.e., an extrinsic trap not stemming from the semiconductor itself) causing threshold voltage shift even in the otherwise stable devices. This interpretation would also clarify why in the literature similar N<sub>T</sub> have been reported in various semiconductors, suggesting that this number is independent of the organic semiconductor, processing and measurement environment but only dependent on residual contaminants-most notably water.
A tribute to Professor Jay Bailey: A pioneer in biochemical engineering (2018)

This article, and this issue of the AIChE Journal, is a tribute to Professor James (Jay) E. Bailey who, as an intellectual leader of biochemical engineering, has had a profound impact on chemical engineering. Over his 30‐year career, Bailey pioneered many new approaches that have become cornerstones of modern metabolic engineering, enzyme engineering, and cell culture engineering. We highlight some of these seminal contributions as well as his legacy as a research mentor. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 64: 4179–4181, 2018
Characterization of the molecular parameters determining charge transport in anthradithiophene (2004)

The molecular parameters that govern charge transport in anthradithiophene (ADT) are studied by a joint experimental/theoretical approach involving high-resolution gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum-mechanical methods. The hole reorganization energy of ADT has been determined by an analysis of the vibrational structure of the lowest ionization band in the gas-phase photoelectron spectrum as well as by density-functional theory calculations. In addition, various dimers and clusters of ADT molecules have been considered in order to understand the effect of molecular packing on the hole and electron intermolecular transfer integrals. The results indicate that the intrinsic electronic structure, the relevant intramolecular vibrational modes, and the intermolecular interactions in ADT are very similar to those in pentacene.
Modification of picornavirus genomic RNA using ‘click’ chemistry shows that unlinking of the VPg peptide is dispensable for translation and replication of the incoming viral RNA (2013)

Picornaviruses constitute a large group of viruses comprising medically and economically important pathogens such as poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus 71 and foot-and-mouth disease virus. A unique characteristic of these viruses is the use of a viral peptide (VPg) as primer for viral RNA synthesis. As a consequence, all newly formed viral RNA molecules possess a covalently linked VPg peptide. It is known that VPg is enzymatically released from the incoming viral RNA by a host protein, called TDP2, but it is still unclear whether the release of VPg is necessary to initiate RNA translation. To study the possible requirement of VPg release for RNA translation, we developed a novel method to modify the genomic viral RNA with VPg linked via a 'non-cleavable' bond. We coupled an azide-modified VPg peptide to an RNA primer harboring a cyclooctyne [bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)] by a copper-free 'click' reaction, leading to a VPg-triazole-RNA construct that was 'non-cleavable' by TDP2. We successfully ligated the VPg-RNA complex to the viral genomic RNA, directed by base pairing. We show that the lack of VPg unlinkase does not influence RNA translation or replication. Thus, the release of the VPg from the incoming viral RNA is not a prerequisite for RNA translation or replication.
Association with Coregulators Is the Major Determinant Governing Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Mobility in Living Cells (2006)

The nucleus is an extremely dynamic compartment, and protein mobility represents a key factor in transcriptional regulation. We showed in a previous study that the diffusion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a family of nuclear receptors regulating major cellular and metabolic functions, is modulated by ligand binding. In this study, we combine fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, dual color fluorescence cross-correlation microscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer to dissect the molecular mechanisms controlling PPAR mobility and transcriptional activity in living cells. First, we bring new evidence that in vivo a high percentage of PPARs and retinoid X receptors is associated even in the absence of ligand. Second, we demonstrate that coregulator recruitment (and not DNA binding) plays a crucial role in receptor mobility, suggesting that transcriptional complexes are formed prior to promoter binding. In addition, association with coactivators in the absence of a ligand in living cells, both through the N-terminal AB domain and the AF-2 function of the ligand binding domain, provides a molecular basis to explain PPAR constitutive activity.
Utility-Aware Synthesis of Differentially Private and Attack-Resilient Location Traces (2018)

As mobile devices and location-based services become increasingly ubiquitous, the privacy of mobile users' location traces continues to be a major concern. Traditional privacy solutions rely on perturbing each position in a user's trace and replacing it with a fake location. However, recent studies have shown that such point-based perturbation of locations is susceptible to inference attacks and suffers from serious utility losses, because it disregards the moving trajectory and continuity in full location traces. In this paper, we argue that privacy-preserving synthesis of complete location traces can be an effective solution to this problem. We present AdaTrace, a scalable location trace synthesizer with three novel features: provable statistical privacy, deterministic attack resilience, and strong utility preservation. AdaTrace builds a generative model from a given set of real traces through a four-phase synthesis process consisting of feature extraction, synopsis learning, privacy and utility preserving noise injection, and generation of differentially private synthetic location traces. The output traces crafted by AdaTrace preserve utility-critical information existing in real traces, and are robust against known location trace attacks. We validate the effectiveness of AdaTrace by comparing it with three state of the art approaches (ngram, DPT, and SGLT) using real location trace datasets (Geolife and Taxi) as well as a simulated dataset of 50,000 vehicles in Oldenburg, Germany. AdaTrace offers up to 3-fold improvement in trajectory utility, and is orders of magnitude faster than previous work, while preserving differential privacy and attack resilience.
Front Matter: Volume 6469 (2007)

This pdf contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6469, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
ENCAPSULATION OF PAL ENZYMES IN FLUORINATED REVERSE EMULSIONS (2008)

This paper deals with a way of encapsulating phosphatase alkaline (PAL) en- zymes into (aqueous droplets immersed in oil). We have divided therefore a highly diluted aqueous solution of PAL into droplets containing 0,1 or a few enzymes. Our study focuses on the AttoPhos, a weakly fluorescent substrate for PAL, that is converted into a highly fluorescent product called BBT. This encapsula- tion allows for an early detection of PAL: in a perfluorinated oil the compartmentali- sation between droplets is efficient, providing thus the detection of a single enzyme in less than ¼ hour. INTRODUCTION Since the pioneering experiments by Rotman, (1) single-enzyme studies have fo- cused on quantifying the turn-over of individual enzymes. The most interesting out- come of these studies is the observation that the activity of individual enzymes may exhibit large differences. The origin of such activity differences may lie in the pres- ence of several active conformations of the enzyme that remain stable for extended periods. (2) In the case of alkaline phosphatase, it was shown that the activity range of single molecules can span an order of magnitude. (3) In order to investigate the origin of such differences, we have been studying different ways of encapsulating single enzymes into microreactors. This paper deals with the reverse emulsion way: single PAL enzymes (Phosphatase Alkaline) are inserted into aqueous droplets immersed in oil, then they are detected through fluorescence. EXPERIMENTAL This paper reports a method for dividing a highly diluted solution of PAL en- zymes into droplets containing 0, 1 or a few molecules. Our study focuses on the At- tophos, a weakly fluorescent substrate for PAL. It is converted into the highly fluo- rescent anionic product BBT. PAL was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (ref. P7923 at 2 KU) and the Attophos Fluorescent Substrate System from Promega (ref. S1000). Af- ter the dilution of PAL into a diethanolamine buffer containing the emulsifying agent (perfluoropentanoic acid at 4 % w/w), we obtain 20 µL of an aqueous phase with 78 PAL/nL (that is to say 0.13 pM) without substrate. A reference fluorophore, Cy3, is added to monitor easily the increase of fluorescence in filled droplets. This fluorophore is present in every droplet at the same concentration (18,8 nM) and is
Cancer Therapeutic Applications of Ribozymes and RNAi (2007)

Ribozymes are ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules capable of acting as enzymes even in the complete absence of proteins. They have the catalytic activity of breaking and/or forming covalent bonds with extraordinary specificity, accelerating the rate of these reactions. The ability of RNA to serve as a catalyst was first shown for the self-splicing group I intron of Tetrahymena and the RNA moiety of RNAse P (1–3). Subsequent to the discovery of these two RNA enzymes, RNA-mediated catalysis has been associated with the self-splicing group II introns of yeast, fungal, and plant mitochondria (as well as chloroplasts) (4); single-stranded plant viroid and virusoid RNAs (5–7); hepatitis delta virus (8); and a satellite RNA from Neurospora mitochondria (9). It is rather clear that the RNA component of the larger ribosomal subunit is functioning as a peptidyltransferase as well (10–13). The potential functioning of spliceosomal smaller nuclear (sn)RNAs as a ribozyme in complex with the premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA) to catalyze pre-mRNA splicing has also been proposed (14). It is highly likely that additional RNA catalytic motifs and new roles for RNA-mediated catalysis will also be found as more is learned about the genomes of a variety of organisms.
New Ultra Thin Wall Metal Catalysts for Close-Coupled Applications (1998)

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Impedimetric graphene-based biosensors for the detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (2013)

Single-layer graphene, decorated with Au nanoparticles, and a specially designed peptide are used for the first time in the detection of decabrominediphenyl ether using impedance spectroscopy. Biosensor calibration is presented, showing a good linear response from 5% to saturated dissolutions (100 ppt). Selectivity towards brominated species is demonstrated by lack of response to molecules with similar structures but without any bromines.
Acylcarnitine Profiles in Acetaminophen Toxicity in the Mouse: Comparison to Toxicity, Metabolism and Hepatocyte Regeneration (2013)

High doses of acetaminophen (APAP) result in hepatotoxicity that involves metabolic activation of the parent compound, covalent binding of the reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) to liver proteins, and depletion of hepatic glutathione. Impaired fatty acid β-oxidation has been implicated in previous studies of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. To better understand relationships between toxicity and fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver in APAP toxicity, metabolomic assays for long chain acylcarnitines were examined in relationship to established markers of liver toxicity, oxidative metabolism, and liver regeneration in a time course study in mice. Male B6C3F1 mice were treated with APAP (200 mg/kg IP) or saline and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 or 48 h after APAP. At 1 h, hepatic glutathione was depleted and APAP protein adducts were markedly increased. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated at 4 and 8 h, while proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, indicative of hepatocyte regeneration, was apparent at 24 h and 48 h. Elevations of palmitoyl, oleoyl and myristoyl carnitine were apparent by 2-4 h, concurrent with the onset of Oil Red O staining in liver sections. By 8 h, acylcarnitine levels were below baseline levels and remained low at 24 and 48 h. A partial least squares (PLS) model suggested a direct association of acylcarnitine accumulation in serum to APAP protein adduct and hepatic glutathione levels in mice. Overall, the kinetics of serum acylcarnitines in APAP toxicity in mice followed a biphasic pattern involving early elevation after the metabolism phases of toxicity and later depletion of acylcarnitines.
Electrochemical Behavior of Al Current Collector of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries in Propylene Carbonate with LiCF[sub 3]SO[sub 3], Li(CF[sub 3]SO[sub 2])[sub 2]N, or Li(C[sub 4]F[sub 9]SO[sub 2])(CF[sub 3]SO[sub 2])N (2002)

A corrosion of Al in nonaqueous electrolytes containing or was investigated by using electrochemical methods and surface analyses (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The corrosion actively occurred in propylene carbonate (PC) containing or at more cathodic potential than 3.8 V vs. These results indicate that and do not provide a good passivation surface film on the Al electrode. In order to suppress the corrosion, a small amount of HF was added. This additive produced a new surface film that worked as a passivation film. However, the corrosion of Al was still observed in the potential region more anodic than 3.8 V vs. On the other hand, Al electrode was stable in PC containing In this electrolyte, the surface film on Al works as a passivation film, probably due to a large distribution of negative charge on this electrolyte. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Strategies and considerations in shaping cyber-physical systems education (2017)

Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems education faces several challenges as well as opportunities as every-"thing" becomes connected, and as technology development accelerates. Initiatives such as CDIO, as well as several other academic and industry initiatives to create new CPS programs illustrate strong interests and awareness of these challenges. We provide an overview of foreseen educational needs, existing state of the art in education and an analysis of the subject of CPS with the purpose of understanding the implications for education. The investigation points to key issues in curriculum design regarding balancing depth and breadth, theory and practices, academic and industrial needs, and core technical skills with complementary skills. Curricula in CPS could, if the right balance is achieved, educate CPS engineers of the future that are "ready to engineer". We conclude by synthesizing high level guidelines in terms of strategies and considerations for CPS curriculum development.
Electrochemical Performance of Organic Conjugated Carboxylates as Anodes in Sodium Ion Batteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) Functions to Promote Uterine Decidual Angiogenesis during Early Pregnancy in the Mouse (2009)

Implantation of an embryo induces rapid proliferation and differentiation of uterine stromal cells, forming a new structure, the decidua. One salient feature of decidua formation is a marked increase in maternal angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent pathways are active in the ovary, uterus, and embryo, and inactivation of VEGF function in any of these structures might prevent normal pregnancy development. We hypothesized that decidual angiogenesis is regulated by VEGF acting through specific VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). To test this hypothesis, we developed a murine pregnancy model in which systemic administration of a receptor-blocking antibody would act specifically on uterine angiogenesis and not on ovarian or embryonic angiogenesis. In our model, ovarian function was replaced with exogenous progesterone, and blocking antibodies were administered prior to embryonic expression of VEGFRs. After administration of a single dose of the anti-VEGFR-2 antibody during the peri-implantation period, no embryos were detected on embryonic d 10.5. The pregnancy was disrupted because of a significant reduction in decidual angiogenesis, which under physiological conditions peaks on embryonic d 5.5 and 6.5. Inactivation of VEGFR-3 reduced angiogenesis in the primary decidual zone, whereas administration of VEGFR-1 blocking antibodies had no effect. Pregnancy was not disrupted after administration of anti-VEGFR-3 or anti-VEGFR-1 antibodies. Thus, the VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway plays a key role in the maintenance of early pregnancy through its regulation of peri-implantation angiogenesis in the uterine decidua. This newly formed decidual vasculature serves as the first exchange apparatus for the developing embryo until the placenta becomes functionally active.
Electronic and Electrochemical Properties of Li1–xMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Spinel Cathodes As a Function of Lithium Content and Cation Ordering (2015)

The electronic and electrochemical properties of the high-voltage spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as a function of cation ordering and lithium content have been investigated. Conductivity and activation energy measurements confirm that charge transfer occurs by small polaron hopping, and the charge carrier conduction is easier in the Ni:3d band than in the in Mn:3d band. Seebeck coefficient data reveal that the Ni2+/3+ and Ni3+/4+ redox couples are combined in a single 3d band, and that maximum charge carrier concentration occurs where the average Ni oxidation state is close to 3+, corresponding to x = 0.5 in Li Li1–xMn1.5Ni0.5O4. Accordingly, maximum electronic conductivity is found at x = 0.5, regardless of cation ordering. The thermodynamically stable phases formed during cycling were investigated by recording the X-ray diffraction (XRD) of chemically delithiated powders. The more ordered spinels maintained two separate two-phase regions upon lithium extraction, while the more disordered samples exhibited a solid-solubility region from LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 to Li0.5Mn1.5Ni0.5O4. The conductivity and phase-transformation data of four samples with varying degrees of cation ordering were compared to the electrochemical data collected with lithium cells. Only the most ordered spinel showed inferior rate performance, while the sample annealed for a shorter time performed comparable to the unannealed or disordered samples. The results presented here challenge the most common beliefs about high-voltage spinel: (i) low Mn3+ content is responsible for poor rate performance and (ii) thermodynamically stable solid-solubility is critical for fast kinetics.