gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conductive Adhesive Films (ACFs and NCFs) Materials For Electronics Packaging Applications (2019)

Due to the increasing demand for higher performance, greater flexibility, smaller size, and lighter weight in mobile and wearable electronic products, there have been growing needs of various electronic packaging products and fine-pitch interconnection technologies. To realize various state-of-art mobile and wearable electronic products, fine pitch and flexible packaging & interconnection technologies are needed. As one of the promising fine pitch and flexible packaging and interconnection technologies, conductive adhesive films materials such as ACFs(Anisotropic Conductive Films) and NCFs(Non Conductive Films) are widely used now. In general, ACFs have two technical limitations such as (1) ultra-fine pitch shortage free interconnection and (2) higher current handling capability. For (1) ultra-fine pitch applications without electrical shortage, new concept of Nano-fiber ACFs and APL(Anchoring Polymer Layer) ACFs have been successfully invented by KAIST both for less than 20 micron pitch COG(Chip On Glass), COP(Chip On Polymer). and COF(Chip On Flex). And they can be also used for less than 50 micron pitch FOF(Flex On Flex) and FOB(Flex On Board) applications. In addition, for (2) higher current handling capability applications, new solder ACFs have been also introduced by KAIST to replace the conventional metal particles based ACFs interconnection. By solder ACFs, 30% low contact resistance, 4 X higher current handling capability, and excellent reliability were successfully achieved compared with conventional ACFs. Furthermore, ACFs materials-based packaging and interconnection method can provide the flexible interconnect solution for OLED(Organic LED) COP and COF/CIF(Chip In Flex) packages to realize wearable electronic products.Recently the 3-D die chip stacking using the Through silicon via (TSV) technology has been widely used for stacking memory and ASIC chips. In the 3D-TSV vertical interconnection, Cu pillar/Sn-Ag eutectic solder bump is one of the promising bonding method. After the 3D-TSV chips are interconnected with the bumps, the gap between stacked chips should be filled with underfill materials. However, capillary flow underfill between 3D-TSV stacked chips become difficult because of increased chip/wafer area, decreased gap height, and multiple chip/wafer stacking. Therefore, new bonding method using NCFs materials, which performs both Cu-pillar/Sn-Ag flip chip bump to metal pads interconnection and underfils at the same time has been extensively used.In this presentation, the ACFs materials for ultra-fine pitch and higher current carrying interconnection and the NCFs for 3D-TSV chip stacking applications will be introduced.
Luminance spatial scale facilitates stereoscopic depth segmentation (2001)

Are differences in luminance spatial frequency between surfaces that overlap in depth useful for surface segmentation? We examined this question, using a novel stimulus termed a dual-surface disparity grating. The dual-surface grating was made from Gabor micropatterns and consisted of two superimposed sinusoidal disparity gratings of identical disparity-modulation spatial frequency and orientation but of opposite spatial phase. Corrugation amplitude thresholds for discrimination of the orientation of the dual-surface grating were obtained as a function of the difference in Gabor (luminance) spatial frequency between the two surfaces. When the Gabor micropatterns on the two surfaces were identical in spatial frequency, thresholds were very high and in some instances impossible to obtain. However, with as little as a 1-octave difference in spatial frequency between the surfaces, thresholds fell sharply to near-asymptotic levels. The fall in thresholds paralleled a change in the appearance of the stimulus from one of irregular depth to stereo transparency. The most parsimonious explanation for this finding is that the introduction of a between-surface luminance spatial-frequency difference reduces the number of spurious cross-surface binocular matches, thus helping to reveal the three-dimensional structure of the stimulus.
<title>Geometric problem in medical imaging</title> (2000)

In this paper we provide a rigorous mathematical foundation for Tuned- Aperture Computed Tomography, a generalization of standard tomosynthesis that provides a significantly more flexible diagnostic tool. We also describe how the general TACT algorithm simplifies in important special cases, and we investigate the possibility of optimizing the algorithm by reducing the number of fiducial reference points. The key theoretical problem is how to sue information within an x-ray image to discover, after the fact, what the relative positions of the x-ray source, the patient, and the x-ray detector were when the x-ray image was created.
The Landmark Approval of Provenge®, What It Means to Immunology and “In This Issue”: The Complex Relation Between Vaccines and Autoimmunity (2010)

Before introducing this issue's focus and somewhat related to the topic of dendritic cells that we just hosted in the previous issue, we are marking a significant milestone for immunotherapy: the a...
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Palladium‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2016)

Abstract Review: 492 refs.
In Vivo Targeting of DC-SIGN-positive Antigen-presenting Cells in a Nonhuman Primate Model (2007)

In vivo targeting of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with antigens coupled to antibodies directed against APC-specific endocytic receptors is a simple and a promising approach to induce or modulate immune responses against those antigens. In a recent in vitro study, we have shown that targeting of APCs with an antigen coupled to an antibody directed against the endocytic receptor DC-SIGN effectively induces a specific immune response against that antigen. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of the murine antihuman DC-SIGN antibody AZN-D1 to target APCs in a cynomolgus macaque model after its administration in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that macaques injected intravenously with AZN-D1 have AZN-D1-targeted APCs in all lymph nodes (LNs) tested and in the liver. DC-SIGN-positive cells were mainly located in the medullary sinuses of the LNs and in the hepatic sinusoids in the liver. No unlabeled DC-SIGN molecules were found in the LN of AZN-D1-injected macaques. Morphologic criteria and staining of sequential LN sections with a panel of antibodies indicated that the DC-SIGN-targeted cells belong to the myeloid lineage of APCs. In conclusion, this is the first study that shows specific targeting of APCs in vivo by using antibodies directed against DC-SIGN.
Overview of drug discovery and development: traditional and evolving roles of academic institutions (2008)

Despite tremendous progress in furthering our understanding in biology, chemistry, and related disciplines there has been less progress in translation of these advances in basic science to discovery of new therapeutic agents. There is a critical need to focus increased attention on more fully validating potential new drug targets and allow basic science discoveries to be most useful in supporting full drug discovery efforts in industry settings. For the biomedical research enterprise to be maximally effective in translating new basic science discoveries into breakthrough new therapeutic agents, it will be important for scientists in academic and other non profit settings to increase efforts to critically evaluate novel hypotheses related to new drug targets and provide data needed to a allows translation of advances in basic science to full drug discovery programs. This short presentation will provide an introduction to the symposium by outlining the drug discovery and development process and suggesting approaches by which academic scientists may contribute to determining “drugability” and potential validation of potential new drug targets. The following presentations will provide examples of early stage drug discovery efforts being pursued by academic scientists.
Towards $2-14{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ Silicon Photonics (2016)

We are developing three integrated photonics platforms to cover the $2 - 14\mu m$ wavelength range. This paper offers a review of passive and active photonic devices in these three material platforms: germanium on silicon, suspended silicon and silicon on insulator (SOI).
Mini drug pump for ophthalmic use. (2009)

A prototype ocular mini drug pump was built, implanted, and refilled. Such a platform needs more testing to determine the long-term biocompatibility of an electrically controlled implanted pump. Testing with various pharmacologic agents is needed to determine its ultimate potential for ophthalmic use.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Adults (2015)

The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization was highest among the oldest adults. Despite current diagnostic tests, no pathogen was detected in the majority of patients. Respiratory viruses were detected more frequently than bacteria. (Funded by the Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases.).
Automatic extraction of titles from general documents using machine learning (2005)

In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach to title extraction from general documents. By general documents, we mean documents that can belong to any one of a number of specific genres, including presentations, book chapters, technical papers, brochures, reports, and letters. Previously, methods have been proposed mainly for title extraction from research papers. It has not been clear whether it could be possible to conduct automatic title extraction from general documents. As a case study, we consider extraction from Office including Word and PowerPoint. In our approach, we annotate titles in sample documents (for Word and PowerPoint respectively) and take them as training data, train machine learning models, and perform title extraction using the trained models. Our method is unique in that we mainly utilize formatting information such as font size as features in the models. It turns out that the use of formatting information can lead to quite accurate extraction from general documents. Precision and recall for title extraction from Word is 0.810 and 0.837 respectively, and precision and recall for title extraction from PowerPoint is 0.875 and 0.895 respectively in an experiment on intranet data. Other important new findings in this work include that we can train models in one domain and apply them to another domain, and more surprisingly we can even train models in one language and apply them to another language. Moreover, we can significantly improve search ranking results in document retrieval by using the extracted titles.
A somatic TSHR mutation in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, coronary artery disease and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

In a screen for thoracic malignancy-associated markers, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) was identified as a candidate as it binds to the previously-characterized lung cancer marker NKX2-1. We screened for mutations in all coding regions of the TSHR gene in 96 lung adenocarcinoma samples and their matched adjacent normal lung samples. We found one patient with a somatic mutation at codon 458 (exon 10), which is located at the transmembrane domain where most TSHR mutations have been found in thyroid-related diseases. This patient had lung adenocarcinoma with BAC (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) features in the setting of a prior medical history significant for carotid stenosis and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In order to characterize the genetic features of TSHR in lung cancer, we checked for TSHR expression and copy number in the 96 lung cancer tissues. TSHR protein expression was generally overexpressed in multiple thoracic malignancies (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma) by immunohistochemistry. Our data suggest that aberrant TSHR function may contribute to lung cancer development or a subgroup of lung cancer with specific clinical phenotypes.
Norm Deviation in Multiagent Systems: A Foundation for Responsible Autonomy (2023)

The power of norms in both human societies and sociotechnical systems arises from the facts that (1) societal norms, including laws and policies, characterize acceptable behavior in high-level terms and (2) they are not hard controls and can be deviated from. Thus, the design of responsibly autonomous agents faces an essential tension: these agents must both (1) respect applicable norms and (2) deviate from those norms when blindly following them may lead to diminished outcomes. We propose a conceptual foundation for norm deviation. As a guiding framework, we adopt Habermas's theory of communicative action comprising objective, subjective, and practical validity claims regarding the suitability of deviation. Our analysis thus goes beyond previous studies of norm deviation and yields reasoning guidelines uniting norms and values by which to develop responsible agents.
Abstract 4863: PF-06840003: a highly selective IDO-1 inhibitor that shows good in vivo efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2016)

Abstract Tumors use tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes such as Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) to induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment. IDO-1 expression is upregulated in many cancers and described to be a resistance mechanism to immune checkpoint therapies. IDO-1 is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli such as IFN-ã and promotes immune tolerance through the catabolism of tryptophan and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites including kynurenine. IDO-1 activity leads to effector T-cell anergy and enhanced Treg function through upregulation of FoxP3. As such, IDO1 is a nexus for the induction of key immunosuppressive mechanisms and represents an important immunotherapeutic target in oncology. We have identified and characterized a new IDO-1 inhibitor. PF-06840003 is a highly selective orally bioavailable IDO-1 inhibitor. PF-06840003 reversed IDO-1-induced T-cell anergy in vitro. In vivo, PF-06840003 reduced intratumoral kynurenine levels in mice by &amp;gt;80% and inhibited tumor growth in multiple preclinical syngeneic models in mice, in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. PF-0684003 has favorable predicted human pharmacokinetic properties, including a predicted t1/2 of 16-19 hours. These studies highlight the strong potential of PF-06840003 as a clinical candidate in Immuno-Oncology. Citation Format: Joseph Tumang, Bruno Gomes, Martin Wythes, Stefano Crosignani, Patrick Bingham, Pauline Bottemanne, Hélène Cannelle, Sandra Cauwenberghs, Jenny Chaplin, Deepak Dalvie, Sofie Denies, Coraline De Maeseneire, Peter Folger, Kim Frederix, Jie Guo, James Hardwick, Ken Hook, Katti Jessen, Erick Kindt, Marie-Claire Letellier, Kai-Hsin Liao, Wenlin Li, Karen Maegley, Reece Marillier, Nichol Miller, Brion Murray, Romain Pirson, Julie Preillon, Virginie Rabolli, Chad Ray, Stephanie Scales, Jay Srirangam, Jim Solowiej, Nicole Streiner, Vince Torti, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, Paolo Vicini, Gregory Driessens, Manfred Kraus. PF-06840003: a highly selective IDO-1 inhibitor that shows good in vivo efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4863.
Monocular Vision-Based Retinal Membrane Peeling With a Handheld Robot (2021)

Retinal membrane peeling requires delicate manipulation. The presence of the surgeon's physiological tremor, the high variability and often low quality of the ophthalmic image, and excessive forces make the tasks more challenging. Preventing unintended movement caused by tremor and unintentional forces can reduce membrane injury. With the use of an actively stabilized handheld robot, we employ a monocular camera-based surface reconstruction method to estimate the retinal plane and we propose the use of a virtual fixture with the application of a hard stop and motion scaling to improve control of the tool tip during delaminating in a laboratory simulation of retinal membrane peeling. A hard stop helps to limit downward force exerted on the surface. Motion scaling also improves the user's control of contact force when delaminating. We demonstrate a reduction of maximum force and maximum surface-penetration distance from the estimated retinal plane using the proposed technique.
Error Resilient Space Partitioning (2020)

A major research area in discrete geometry is to consider the best way to partition the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ under various quality criteria. In this paper we introduce a new type of space partitioning that is motivated by the problem of rounding noisy measurements from the continuous space $\mathbb{R}^d$ to a discrete subset of representative values. Specifically, we study partitions of $\mathbb{R}^d$ into bounded-size tiles colored by one of $k$ colors, such that tiles of the same color have a distance of at least $t$ from each other. Such tilings allow for \emph{error-resilient} rounding, as two points of the same color and distance less than $t$ from each other are guaranteed to belong to the same tile, and thus, to be rounded to the same point. The main problem we study in this paper is characterizing the achievable tradeoffs between the number of colors $k$ and the distance $t$, for various dimensions $d$. On the qualitative side, we show that in $\mathbb{R}^d$, using $k=d+1$ colors is both sufficient and necessary to achieve $t&gt;0$. On the quantitative side, we achieve numerous upper and lower bounds on $t$ as a function of $k$. In particular, for $d=3,4,8,24$, we obtain sharp asymptotic bounds on $t$, as $k \to \infty$. We obtain our results with a variety of techniques including isoperimetric inequalities, the Brunn-Minkowski theorem, sphere packing bounds, Bapat's connector-free lemma, and Čech cohomology.
From Kinetic to Thermodynamic Assembly of Catenanes: Error Checking, Supramolecular Protection and Oligocatenanes (2002)

Catenanes are molecules comprising at least two mechanically interlocked rings: they cannot be separated, yet do not possess covalent links between ring constituents. Over the last two decades several efficient templating mechanisms for the assembly of catenanes, and other topologically complex molecules, have been developed and exploited in the synthesis of numerous systems, often with impressive efficiency. Kinetically controlled assembly routes, employing transition metal complexation or amide hydrogen bonding interactions, have proved tremendously successful. A third arena of investigation, and perhaps the most thoroughly explored and exploited, is the utilisation of π-complementary components, principally bipyridinium dications and aromatic ethers. In our work electron deficient bipyridinium dications were replaced with uncharged, yet electron accepting, aromatic diimides. This replacement permitted the use of a variety of ring closing reactions for catenane formation by allowing us to step away from the structurally powerful but ultimately limited chemistry demanded by bipyridinium systems. A total of four ring-closing reactions were employed: acetylenic coupling, Mitsunobu alkylation, Grubbs’ alkene metathesis, and zinc(II)-bipyridyl ligation. The first three methods yielded fully covalent interlocked systems, the fourth a catenane containing a metallomacrocycle. The first two methods employed irreversible bond forming reactions in catenane formation, the latter two thermodynamically controlled processes.
Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling Reactions Utilizing Flow Technology under Low Catalyst Loadings (2016)

Abstract An efficient continuous flow iron‐catalyzed Kumada cross‐coupling was developed for the coupling of 2‐chloropyrazine and various aryl Grignard reagents in presence of low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol‐%). Compared to batch mode, the continuous flow approach overcomes the exothermicity which enabled longer catalyst lifetime, facilitated scale‐up and significantly improved the yield. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of flow iron‐catalyzed Kumada cross‐coupling reactions which addresses scale dependence issues which often plague Kumada reactions carried out in the traditional batch mode.
Safe and efficient Boc‐SPPS for the synthesis of glycopeptide‐α‐thioesters (2014)

Boc-solid phase peptide synthesis is useful for the preparation of peptide-α-thioesters. However, this strategy usually employs hydrogen fluoride for the final deprotection step. These strongly acidic conditions cannot be applied for the synthesis of acid-labile glycopeptide-α-thioesters. The protocol presented here is a modified in situ neutralization Boc-solid phase peptide synthesis employing 10% sulfuric acid/dioxane conditions for intermediate Boc removal and TfOH for the final side-chain deprotection step. These conditions were found to be applicable for the synthesis of acid-labile glycopeptide-α-thioesters. In this protocol, a glycopeptide is synthesized as α- thioester on a thiol linker, and the product glycopeptide-α-thioester is released from the resin by thiolysis after side-chain deprotection step with an acid cocktail containing TfOH instead of hydrogen fluoride.
3D video coding using the synthesized view distortion change (2012)

In 3D video, texture and supplementary depth data are coded to enable the interpolation of a required number of synthesized views for multi-view displays in the range of the original camera views. The coding of the depth data can be improved by analyzing the distortion of synthesized video views instead of the depth map distortion. Therefore, this paper introduces a new distortion metric for 3D video coding, which relates changes in the depth map directly to changes of the overall synthesized view distortion. It is shown how the new metric can be integrated into the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) process of an encoder, that is based on high-efficiency video coding technology. An evaluation of the modified encoder is conducted using different view synthesis algorithms and shows about 50% rate savings for the depth data or 0.6 dB PSNR gains for the synthesized view.
Elemental separation in nanocrystalline Cu-Al alloys (2013)

Nanocrystallization by high-energy severe plastic deformation has been reported to increase the solubility of alloy systems and even to mix immiscible elements to form non-equilibrium solid solutions. In this letter, we report an opposite phenomenon—nanocrystallization of a Cu-Al single-phase solid solution by high-pressure torsion separated Al from the Cu matrix when the grain sizes are refined to tens of nanometers. The Al phase was found to form at the grain boundaries of nanocrystalline Cu. The level of the separation increases with decreasing grain size, which suggests that the elemental separation was caused by the grain size effect.