gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binary sensor systems in homeland security, military, QC, and medical applications (2009)

Binary sensor systems are various types of analog sensors (optical, MEMS, X-ray, gamma-ray, acoustic, electronic, etc.), based on the binary decision process. Typical examples of such "binary sensors" are X-ray luggage inspection systems, product quality control systems, automatic target recognition systems, numerous medical diagnostic systems, and many others. In all these systems, the binary decision process provides only two mutually exclusive responses: "signal" and "noise." There are also two types of key parameters that characterize either system (such as false positive and false negative), or a priori external-to-system conditions (such as absolute probabilities). In this paper, by using a strong medical analogy, we analyze a third type of key parameter that combines both system-like and a priori information, in the form of so called Bayesian Figures of Merit, and we show that the latter parameter, in the best way, characterizes a binary sensor system.
Optimized error diffusion based on a human visual model (1992)

Error diffusion is a powerful means to improve the subjective quality of a quantized image by shaping the spectrum of the display error. Considering an image in raster ordering, this is done by adding a weighted sum of previous quantization errors to the current pixel before quantization. These weights form an error diffusion filter. In this paper a method is proposed to find an optimized error diffusion filter for image display applications. The design is based on the lowpass characteristic of the contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. The filter is chosen so that a cascade of the quantization system and the observer's visual modulation transfer function yields a whitened spectrum of error. It is shown in this paper that the optimal error diffusion filter corresponds to a linear prediction filter of the human visual transfer function. A first order linear filter for an underlying non-separable vision model is examined. The resulting images contain mostly high frequency components of the display error, which are less noticeable for the viewer. This corresponds well to previously published results about the visibility of halftoning patterns. An informal comparison with other error diffusion algorithms shows less artificial contouring and increased image quality.
Optimal filtering to minimize the elastic behavior in serial link manipulators (1998)

This paper presents a new optimal filtering algorithm, called the optimal arbitrary time-delay filter that has been designed to minimize the elastic behavior in serial link manipulators. However, the filtering algorithm can reduce the level of vibration in any system whose elastic motion can be modelled as a set of linear, ordinary differential equations with proportional damping. After analyzing some of the filter properties, experimental results demonstrate just how well the optimal filtering algorithm can minimize vibration.
Red electrophosphorescence from polymer doped with iridium complex (2002)

We demonstrate efficient, bright red electrophosphorescent light emitting diodes (LEDs) employing tris (2,5-bis-2′-(9′,9′-dihexylfluorene) pyridine) iridium (III), [Ir(HFP)3], doped into a blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) with 2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol (PBD). At a current density of 2.35 mA/cm2 (brightness of 169 cd/m2), the external quantum efficiency (QEext) and luminous efficiency (LE) were 5% ph/el and 7.2 cd/A, respectively. Even at 50 mA/cm2, QEext=3.4% ph/el and LE=5.2 cd/A. The electroluminescent emission is characteristic of Ir(HFP)3, with maximum at 600 nm. The devices exhibited no emission from either PVK or PBD, even at the lowest concentration of Ir(HFP)3 (0.05 wt %). The results demonstrate that electrophosphorescence with high brightness and efficiency can be achieved from polymer-based LEDs fabricated by processing the active materials from solution.
Influence of Telomere Length in Hepatocytes on Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats (2018)

Telomere length in rat hepatocytes depends on age, and animals with long telomeres had earlier and better regeneration of healthy liver tissue than rats with short telomeres. Our data confirms that telomere length in rat hepatocytes could be used as a possible predictive marker for liver regeneration, and could help to identify older individuals with a high capacity for hepatic regeneration.
Studies on optical digital cross-connect systems for very-high-speed optical communications networks (2002)

Optical time- and wavelength-domain paths in future very-high-speed optical communications networks are discussed taking into account trends in current optical transmission and optical signal processing technologies. It is important to investigate optical STM cross-connect systems for time-domain paths in the earlier research phase to ensure the deployment of optical cross-connect technology. The configuration of an optical cross-connect system and the issues that need to be investigated are presented. We also report, for the first time, a preliminary experiment of an optical STM cross-connect system, using 20 Gbit/s optical signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Accuracy of Hydrant Flow Tests Using a Pitot Diffuser (1990)

By using a Pitot diffuser when a hydrant flow test is conducted, the damage caused by water discharging from the hydrant can be reduced. When a high degree of accuracy is desired in the discharge measurement, however, an adjustment in the method of calculating discharge from pressure measurements is required.
Superiorized Photo-Acoustic Non-NEgative Reconstruction (SPANNER) for Clinical Photoacoustic Imaging (2021)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging can revolutionize medical ultrasound by augmenting it with molecular information. However, clinical translation of PA imaging remains a challenge due to the limited viewing angles and imaging depth. Described here is a new robust algorithm called Superiorized Photo-Acoustic Non-NEgative Reconstruction (SPANNER), designed to reconstruct PA images in real-time and to address the artifacts associated with limited viewing angles and imaging depth. The method utilizes precise forward modeling of the PA propagation and reception of signals while accounting for the effects of acoustic absorption, element size, shape, and sensitivity, as well as the transducer's impulse response and directivity pattern. A fast superiorized conjugate gradient algorithm is used for inversion. SPANNER is compared to three reconstruction algorithms: delay-and-sum (DAS), universal back-projection (UBP), and model-based reconstruction (MBR). All four algorithms are applied to both simulations and experimental data acquired from tissue-mimicking phantoms, ex vivo tissue samples, and in vivo imaging of the prostates in patients. Simulations and phantom experiments highlight the ability of SPANNER to improve contrast to background ratio by up to 20 dB compared to all other algorithms, as well as a 3-fold increase in axial resolution compared to DAS and UBP. Applying SPANNER on contrast-enhanced PA images acquired from prostate cancer patients yielded a statistically significant difference before and after contrast agent administration, while the other three image reconstruction methods did not, thus highlighting SPANNER's performance in differentiating intrinsic from extrinsic PA signals and its ability to quantify PA signals from the contrast agent more accurately.
Stability and Cost Optimization in Controlled Random Walks Using\n Scheduling Fields (2013)

The control of large queueing networks is a notoriously difficult problem.\nRecently, an interesting new policy design framework for the control problem\ncalled h-MaxWeight has been proposed: h-MaxWeight is a natural generalization\nof the famous MaxWeight policy where instead of the quadratic any other\nsurrogate value function can be applied. Stability of the policy is then\nachieved through a perturbation technique. However, stability crucially depends\non parameter choice which has to be adapted in simulations. In this paper we\nuse a different technique where the required perturbations can be directly\nimplemented in the weight domain, which we call a scheduling field then.\nSpecifically, we derive the theoretical arsenal that guarantees universal\nstability while still operating close to the underlying cost criterion.\nSimulation examples suggest that the new approach to policy synthesis can even\nprovide significantly higher gains irrespective of any further assumptions on\nthe network model or parameter choice.\n
Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Dendrimer Monolayer Investigated by Maxwell Displacement Current Technique (2001)

Photoisomerization in monolayers of a novel azobenzene compound, azobenzene dendrimer, was investigated for the first time by means of the absorption spectrum and Maxwell displacement current (MDC) technique. According to the absorption spectrum, trans -to- cis conversion ratio was estimated to be approximately 10% for the third generation of azobenzene dendrimer deposited onto a glass substrate. Temperature-dependent induced charge with trans-cis isomerization was also measured by means of MDC technique, and we found that the thermal isomerization process must be taken into account for theoretical analysis of trans -to- cis photoisomerization. The temperature dependence was theoretically treated in terms of the three-state model that takes into account the stimulated thermal isomerization. As a result, we could obtain a ground state energy barrier of 0.93 eV in cis -to- trans isomerization for the first-generation of the azobenzene dendrimer (AZ-G1), and the value is in good agreement with the previous results obtained from the molecular orbital (MO) calculation which suggests that thermal cis -to- trans isomerization in AZ-G1 passes through the inversion process.
Nanoformulation of Geranylgeranyltransferase-I Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Liposomal Encapsulation and pH-Dependent Delivery to Cancer Cells (2015)

Small molecule inhibitors against protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I such as P61A6 have been shown to inhibit proliferation of a variety of human cancer cells and exhibit antitumor activity in mouse models. Development of these inhibitors could be dramatically accelerated by conferring tumor targeting and controlled release capability. As a first step towards this goal, we have encapsulated P61A6 into a new type of liposomes that open and release cargos only under low pH condition. These low pH-release type liposomes were prepared by adjusting the ratio of two types of phospholipid derivatives. Loading of geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitor (GGTI) generated liposomes with average diameter of 50-100 nm. GGTI release in solution was sharply dependent on pH values, only showing release at pH lower than 6. Release of cargos in a pH-dependent manner inside the cell was demonstrated by the use of a proton pump inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 that Increased lysosomal pH and inhibited the release of a dye carried in the pH-liposome. Delivery of GGTI to human pancreatic cancer cells was demonstrated by the inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation inside the cell and this effect was blocked by Bafilomycin A1. In addition, GGTI delivered by pH-liposomes induced proliferation inhibition, G1 cell cycle arrest that is associated with the expression of cell cycle regulator p21 CIP1/WAF1 . Proliferation inhibition was also observed with various lung cancer cell lines. Availability of nanoformulated GGTI opens up the possibility to combine with other types of inhibitors. To demonstrate this point, we combined the liposomal-GGTI with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) to inhibit K-Ras signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Our results show that the activated K-Ras signaling in these cells can be effectively inhibited and that synergistic effect of the two drugs is observed. Our results suggest a new direction in the use of GGTI for cancer therapy.
Helium accumulation effects using bench marked 0-D model (1990)

Helium ``ash`` accumulation is a key issue relative to our ability to achieve a steady-state ignited tokamak. 1-D transport simulations using the BALDUR code have been used to examine the correlation between the global helium particle confinement time and the edge exhaust (or recycling) efficiency. This provides a way to benchmark the widely used 0-D model. In this paper, burn conditions for an ITER-like plasma with various helium edge recycling coefficients are examined.
Far-Field Nano Recording and Read-out on a Single Recording Layer Optical Disk (2007)

A novel optical nano recording/readout process of a single layer phase-change recording thin film are demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. We found localized surface plasmon effects play a major role on the optical readout process. Article not available.
Carbon‐Rich Active Materials with Macrocyclic Nanochannels for High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Rechargeable Batteries (2016)

A high-capacity electrode active material with macrocyclic nanochannels is developed for a negative electrode of lithium batteries. With appropriate design of the molecular and crystal structures, a ubiquitous chemical commonly available in reagent stocks of any chemistry laboratories, naphthalene, was transformed into a high-performance electrode material for all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Analysis of elastography methods using mathematical and ex vivo data (2003)

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) currently has a limited ability to characterize endovascular anatomic properties. IVUS elastography enhances the ability to characterize the biomechanical properties of arterial walls. A mathematical phantom generator was developed based on the characteristics of 30MHz, 64 element IVUS catheter images from excised canine femoral arteries. The difference between high and low-pressure intra-arterial images was modeled using phase shifts. The increase in phase shift occurred randomly, generally at every three pixels in our images. Using mathematical phantoms, different methods for calculating elastograms were quantitatively analyzed. Specifically, the effect of standard cross correlation versus cross correlation of the integral of the inflection characteristics for a given set of data, and the effect of an algorithm utilizing a non-constant kernel, were assessed. The specific methods found to be most accurate on the mathematical phantom data were then applied to ex vivo canine data of a scarred and a healthy artery. The algorithm detected significant differences between these two sets of arterial data. It will be necessary to obtain and analyze several more sets of canine arterial data in order to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of the algorithm.
One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Superstructures of Gold Nanorods Induced by Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (2008)

A method is described for assembling gold nanorods into one-, two-, and three-dimensional superstructures. The addition of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) into the nanorod solution was found to induce self-assembly of the latter to one-dimensional "tapelike", two-dimensional "sheetlike" and three-dimensional "superlattice-like" structures depending on the DMSA concentration. The assembly was found to follow a smectic structure, where the nanorod long axes are parallel to each other. The rods are spaced 8.5 +/- 0.3 nm apart in the resulting structures, which extend over several micrometers in length. Organizations perpendicular to the grid were also found. The nanorod tapes were found to bend, and they form circular assemblies as well. The assembly and morphology of the nanorod structures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The effect of the DMSA concentration as well as the pH of the medium was also studied. On the basis of several control experiments utilizing similar molecules, charge neutralization of the nanorods by the carboxylic group of DMSA was found to be the principal reason for such an assembly, while the mercapto groups render additional stability to its structure. A mechanistic model of the assembly is proposed. This type of assembly would plausibly function as a plasmonic waveguide in potential nanodevices.
Fiber-optic Michelson-Gires-Turnois interferometer based multifunctional optical filter for microwave photonic applications (2015)

An optical filter architecture based on Michelson Gires-Turnoir Interferometer (MGTI) platform is proposed and analyzed through simulations for applications in microwave photonic applications. The optical filter has a variety of transfer functions that can be used to suppress optical side bands, shape the amplitude of optical comps, and perform spectral slicing for signal processing in the microwave domain. The unique feature of this approach is the use of fiber loop mirrors (FLM) with polarization controllers that operate as partial and/or fully reflective elements within the MGTI structure. Unlike other reflective elements, the FLMs have the ability to achieve high dynamic range in the reflectivity (e.g., 0% to 100%), which provides the multi-functional transfer functions of the MGTI.
Molecular Basis for Interactions of HIV and Drugs of Abuse (2002)

In certain populations around the world, the HIV pandemic is being driven by drug-abusing populations. Mounting evidence suggests that these patient populations have accelerated and more severe neurocognitive dysfunction compared with non-drug-abusing HIV-infected populations. Because most drugs of abuse are central nervous system stimulants, it stands to reason that these drugs may synergize with neurotoxic substances released during the course of HIV infection. Clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that the dopaminergic systems are most vulnerable to such combined neurotoxicity. Identifying common mechanisms of neuronal injury is critical to developing therapeutic strategies for drug-abusing HIV-infected populations. This article reviews 1) the current evidence for neurodegeneration in the setting of combined HIV infection and use of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin or alcohol; 2) the proposed underlying mechanisms involved in this combined neurotoxicity; and 3) future directions for research. This article also suggests therapeutic approaches based on our current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of dementia due to HIV infection and drugs of abuse.
Resource Co-Allocation in Grid Computing Environments (2010)

One of the promises of Grid Computing is to enable the execution of applications across multiple sites. Several multi-site applications require simultaneous access to resources hosted on autonomous domains; this problem is known as resource co-allocation. Projects working on resource co-allocation face four major problems: distributed transactions, fault tolerance, inter-site network overhead, and schedule optimization. Although resource co-allocation is fundamental for Grid Computing, no survey has covered the current projects, solutions, and open challenges on this topic. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors describe the challenges on resource co-allocation, present the projects developed over the last decade, and classify them according to their similar characteristics. In addition, the authors discuss open research issues and trends such as negotiation, advance reservations, and rescheduling of multi-site applications.
The Glycosyltransferase Repertoire of the Spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii and a Comparative Study of Its Cell Wall (2012)

Spike mosses are among the most basal vascular plants, and one species, Selaginella moellendorffii, was recently selected for full genome sequencing by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI). Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are involved in many aspects of a plant life, including cell wall biosynthesis, protein glycosylation, primary and secondary metabolism. Here, we present a comparative study of the S. moellendorffii genome across 92 GT families and an additional family (DUF266) likely to include GTs. The study encompasses the moss Physcomitrella patens, a non-vascular land plant, while rice and Arabidopsis represent commelinid and non-commelinid seed plants. Analysis of the subset of GT-families particularly relevant to cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis was complemented by a detailed analysis of S. moellendorffii cell walls. The S. moellendorffii cell wall contains many of the same components as seed plant cell walls, but appears to differ somewhat in its detailed architecture. The S. moellendorffii genome encodes fewer GTs (287 GTs including DUF266s) than the reference genomes. In a few families, notably GT51 and GT78, S. moellendorffii GTs have no higher plant orthologs, but in most families S. moellendorffii GTs have clear orthologies with Arabidopsis and rice. A gene naming convention of GTs is proposed which takes orthologies and GT-family membership into account. The evolutionary significance of apparently modern and ancient traits in S. moellendorffii is discussed, as is its use as a reference organism for functional annotation of GTs.
Catalytic antioxidant therapy by metallodrugs: lessons from metallocorroles (2015)

investigations aimed at identifying the factors that increase the antioxidant versus pro-oxidant potency of synthetic metal complexes are crucial for the optimal design of redox-based drug candidates that may be used for combating the numerous diseases that are affected by oxidative stress.
Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Thin Films Grown by Electrochemical Deposition (2003)

We have investigated the photoluminescence properties of ZnO thin films grown by electrochemical deposition. By applying a thermal treatment at 500°C in O2 atmosphere, a free-exciton photoluminescence is observed. Furthermore, under high-density excitation conditions, a photoluminescence band appears on the low-energy side of the free exciton. The photoluminescence intensity exhibits an almost quadratic dependence on the excitation power, and the energy spacing between the photoluminescence band and the free exciton is almost equal to the exciton binding energy of ZnO. We conclude from the above results that the photoluminescence band under high-density excitation conditions originates from an inelastic scattering process of excitons, the so-called P emission.
Supplementary Table 6 from Phase Ib Study of Buparlisib plus Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer That Has Progressed on Trastuzumab-Based Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 62K, Summary of buparlisib pharmacokinetic parameters.&lt;/p&gt;