gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifrequency Superscattering from Subwavelength Hyperbolic Structures (2018)

Superscattering, that is, a phenomenon of the scattering cross section from a subwavelength object exceeding the single-channel limit, has important prospects in enhanced sensing/spectroscopy, solar cells, and biomedical imaging. Superscattering can be typically constructed only at a single frequency regime, and depends critically on the inescapable material losses. Under such realistic conditions, superscattering has not been predicted nor observed to exist simultaneously at multiple frequency regimes. Here we introduce multifrequency superscattering in a subwavelength hyperbolic structure, which can be made from artificial metamaterials or from naturally existing materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (BN), and show the advantage of such hyperbolic materials for reducing structural complexity. The underlying mechanism is revealed to be the multimode resonances at multiple frequency regimes as appear in BN due to the peculiar dispersion of phonon-polaritons. Importantly, the multifrequency superscattering has a high tolerance to material losses and some structural variations, bringing the concept of multifrequency superscattering closer to useful and realistic conditions.
Common structural features between eukaryotic 7SL RNAs, eubacterial 4.5S RNA and scRNA and archaebacterial 7S RNA (1988)

Journal Article Common structural features between eukaryotic 7SL RNAs, eubacterial 4.5S RNA and scRNA and archaebacterial 7S RNA Get access Joachim C.R. Struck, Joachim C.R. Struck Freie Universität Berlin, Institute Für BiochemieThielallce 63, D-1000 Berlin 33, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Holger Y. Toschka, Holger Y. Toschka Freie Universität Berlin, Institute Für BiochemieThielallce 63, D-1000 Berlin 33, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Specht, Thomas Specht Freie Universität Berlin, Institute Für BiochemieThielallce 63, D-1000 Berlin 33, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Volker A. Erdmann Volker A. Erdmann Freie Universität Berlin, Institute Für BiochemieThielallce 63, D-1000 Berlin 33, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 15, 11 August 1988, Page 7740, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.15.7740 Published: 11 August 1988 Article history Accepted: 21 June 1988 Published: 11 August 1988
The Result and Attentiveness of Reconstructive Surgery by Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Free Flap. (2011)

Purpose: Anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator free flap is commonly used because of its various benefits. The author reports important factors of preoperative and perioperative ALT perforator free flap and causes of failure. Methods: 84 patients who were treated with ALT perforator free flap from December 2004 to 2008, and February 2010 to April 2010 were studied. 61 patients were male and 23 were female. The mean age of patients was 51.1. The main cause was neoplasm and the main reconstructive areas were head and neck area. The size of flap was various from to cm. 6 patients received split thickness skin graft at donor site. Preoperative angiography was checked to all patients. Results: Among the 84 patients, partial necrosis of flaps occurred in 4 patients because of atherosclerosis, varicose vein, or inattention of patient, etc. And total flap necrosis in 5 patients because of abnormal vessels of recipient area or delay of operation, etc. One case of serous cyst was found as the complication of donor area. Two cases of skin graft on donor site were done because of suspected muscle compartment syndrome, 4 cases of that because of large flap. Septocutaneous perforators were found in 7 cases. The author couldn't find reliable perforator in 3 cases, ipsilateral anteromedial thigh perforator and contralateral ALT perforator and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous free flap were done instead of ALT. There was no case which needed reoperation because of the impairment of blood supply, and 3 cases were revised by leech because of the burn injury by a lamp or venous congestion. Conclusion: Although ALT perforator free flap is widely used with its various merits, many factors such as preoperative condition of donor or recipient area, morphology of defect and operating time need to consider to prevent flap necrosis. And operators should need careful technique because septocutaneous perforator is uncommon, and musculocutaneous perforator is common but difficult to dissect.
Reconstructing MR images from under- or unevenly-sampled k-space (2010)

In MRI, non-rectilinear sampling trajectories are applied in k-space to enable faster imaging. Traditional image reconstruction methods such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) can not process datasets sampled in non-rectilinear forms (e.g., radial, spiral, random, etc.) and more advanced algorithms are required. The Fourier reduction of optical interferometer data (FROID) algorithm is a novel image reconstruction method<sup>1-3</sup> proven to be successful in reconstructing spectra from sparsely and unevenly sampled astronomical interferometer data. The framework presented allows <i>a priori</i> information, such as the locations of the sampled points, to be incorporated into the reconstruction of images. In this paper, the FROID algorithm has been adapted and implemented to reconstruct magnetic resonance (MR) images from data acquired in k-space where the sampling positions are known. Also, simulated data, including randomly sampled data, are tested and analyzed.
Combined hybrid clustering techniques and neural fuzzy networks to predict diesel engine emissions (2007)

This paper presents a neural fuzzy modeling ap proach based on hybrid clustering technique to predict a diesel engine’s NOx emissions. A hybrid clustering algorithm is provided. Since the combustion process is very complicated, therefore, it is almost impossible to find a simple and accurate first principle model to predict diesel emissions. Black-box models implementing Artificial Intelligent Techniques must be developed. Fuzzy modeling seems to be one of the most suitable approach for modeling diesel emissions with big oscillations and high frequency. Clustering is used with fuzzy modeling approach for determining fuzzy if-then rules, so that a fuzzy network, trained with back propagation, adjusts the centers and widths of the membership function. This paper uses hybrid clustering techniques to build a neural fuzzy model successfully. The results show that the model has very good accuracy in predicting diesel engine’s NOx emissions.
Recent Advances on Synthesis and Potential Applications of Carbon Quantum Dots (2022)

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles also termed as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted so much interest when compared to the traditional semiconductor quantum dots due to their applications in chemical sensing, biomedical imaging, nanotechnology, photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and electrochemistry. Along with their optical features, CQDs have desired properties such as less toxicity, environmentally friendly nature, inexpensive, and simple preparation processes. In addition, CQDs can have their physical and chemical properties controlled by surface passivation and functionalization. This article provides an account of CQDs because of their distinct characteristics and considerable capacity in diverse applications. The article is categorized into various sections that highlight various synthesis methodologies of CQDs with their advantages/disadvantages and their potential applications in sensors, bio-imaging, drug delivery, solar cells, and supercapacitors. The different applications of CQDs can be demonstrated by controlled synthesis methods. We have also discussed gas sensing applications of CQDs briefly and provided a brief overview of osmotic power generation using CQDs for energy applications.
Accuracy aspects of DOA and angular velocity estimation in sensor array processing (1995)

A sensor array processing algorithm for joint estimation of the directions of arrival (DOAs) and the corresponding angular velocities is presented, together with the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the problem. An embedded movement model circumvents the problems of biased estimates or high measurement rates that occur when conventional DOA estimation algorithms are applied to moving targets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mixed-sputter deposition of Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory films (1994)

Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory films were mixed-sputter deposited from separate nickel, titanium, and copper targets, providing increased compositional flexibility. Shape memory characteristics, examined for films with 7 at. % Cu and 41--51 at. % Tl, were determined with temperature controlled substrate curvature measurements, and microstructure was studied with transmission electron microscopy. The Ni-Ti-Cu films were found to have shape memory properties comparable to bulk materials, with transformation temperatures between 20 and 62{degree}C, a 10--13{degree}C hysteresis, and up to 330 MPa recoverable stress.
Objective Changes in Brow Position, Superior Palpebral Crease, Peak Angle of the Eyebrow, and Jowl Surface Area after Volumetric Radiofrequency Treatments to Half of the Face (2004)

The application of radiofrequency to the face provides quantifiable changes. The brow along the midpupillary line is elevated to a greater degree than the lateral brow. This is consistent with acute angle changes seen in the eyebrow. Improvements in the lower part of the face with radiofrequency application can be quantified by demonstrating a decrease jowl surface. Moreover, these measurement techniques can be useful tools for evaluating other treatment parameters with radiofrequency application.
Ultrathin Conformal oCVD PEDOT Coatings on Carbon Electrodes Enable Improved Performance of Redox Flow Batteries (2020)

Abstract Surface engineering of porous carbon electrodes is an effective strategy to enhance the power output of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and may enable new cost reduction pathways for energy storage. Here, a surface modification strategy that enhances the electrochemical performance of RFBs in iron‐based electrolytes is demonstrated. Nanometric films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are grown conformally onto carbon cloth electrodes using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) and the impact of film properties on electrode performance in model iron‐based electrolytes is investigated. Depositing oCVD PEDOT films on the electrode surface is found to reduce ohmic, kinetic, and mass transport resistances, with the highest current densities and lowest resistances observed for electrodes coated with a ≈78 nm thick film. As compared to unmodified electrodes, coated electrodes enhance the maximum obtained current density at an applied overpotential of 350 mV by 6.7× and 3.7× in iron sulfate and iron chloride, respectively. The oCVD PEDOT film described here represents an initial step toward electrode surfaces of tailored activity, selectivity, and wettability for specific RFB chemistries and, more generally, electrochemical systems with liquid‐phase reactants.
Joint Multi-Filter Design for Full-Duplex MU-MIMO Relaying (2009)

In full-duplex multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) relaying in which a base station (BS) communicates with mobile stations (MSs) via a relay station (RS) using multiple antennas, in addition to the inter-antenna/multi- stream interference issue, the loop interference caused by simultaneously transmitting and receiving signals at the RS is also a concern. This paper proposes joint multi-filter design schemes that design the inter-antenna/multi-stream interference suppression and loop interference cancellation filters to minimize the total mean squared error of the received signal at the MSs. Simulation results confirm that the proposed schemes outperform the conventional scheme in which the inter-antenna/multi-stream interference suppression and loop interference cancellation filters are designed independently.
Harmonization of PET image reconstruction parameters in simultaneous PET/MRI (2021)

For two commercially available PET/MRI scanners, user-selectable parameters that control iterative updates, image smoothing and PSF modeling provide a range of contrast recovery curves that allow harmonization in harmonization strategies of optimal match in CRC or high CRC values. This work demonstrates that nearly identical CRC curves can be obtained on different commercially available scanners by selecting appropriate image reconstruction parameters.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of Interconnected Silicon Nanowires Synthesized from AlCu Catalyst (2013)

Highly interconnected silicon nanowires (SiNW) were prepared by a vapor–liquid–solid process using a multilayered AlCu film as the catalyst. The resulting SiNWs had a branched and interconnected structure where the AlCu catalyst was incorporated into the SiNWs. The electrochemical lithiation of the SiNWs was investigated through both deep and shallow cycling. The first cycle Coulombic efficiency for lithiation/delithiation was 93.6% which increased to 99.96% upon cycling. The interconnected nanowire structures assisted in retaining a high Coulombic efficiency upon cycling by limiting the loss of active material during nanowire fracture and providing shorter/multiple electrical paths to the substrate. The performance for repeated shallow discharges, as encountered in a microbattery configuration for wireless sensors, was evaluated.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Naphthocarbazoles as Potential Anticancer Agents (2005)

We report the efficient synthesis involving palladium-catalyzed reactions and biological evaluation of new naphthocarbazoles designed as potential anticancer agents. The use of 5- and 6-benzyloxyindoles generated three substitution sites which were successively exploited to introduce several hydrophilic side chains. The cytotoxicity of the newly designed compounds was evaluated on three cell lines. Several compounds showed a marked cytotoxicity with IC(50) values in the sub-micromolar range. This is the case for the 3-hydroxy-naphthopyrrolocarbazoledione 37, bearing a dimethylaminoethyl side chain, which is extremely cytotoxic to L1210 and DU145 cells (IC(50): 36 nM, 108 nM) and induces an accumulation of L1210 cells in the G2+M phases of the cell cycle. Some of the most cytotoxic compounds were tested for inhibition of CDK-5, GSK-3 and topoisomerase I, and their interaction with DNA was also evaluated. Interaction with DNA was detected, suggesting that nucleic acids represent a privileged target for these molecules.
Cryogenic Yb$^{3+}$-Doped Solid-State Lasers (2007)

Cryogenically cooled solid-state lasers promise a revolution in power scalability while maintaining a good beam quality because of significant improvements in efficiency and thermo-optic properties. This is particularly true for Yb lasers because of their relatively low quantum defect and relatively broadband absorption even at cryogenic temperatures. Thermo-optic properties of host materials, including thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and refractive index at low temperature, are reviewed and data presented for YAG (ceramic and single crystal), GGG, GdVO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , and Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Spectroscopic properties of Yb:YAG and Yb:LiYF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (YLF) including absorption cross sections, emission cross sections, and fluorescence lifetimes at cryogenic temperatures are characterized. Recent experiments have pushed the power from an end-pumped cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser to 455-W continuous-wave output power from 640-W incident pump power at an of M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 1.4.
Checking correctness of business contracts via commitments (2008)

Business contracts tend to be complex. In current practice, contracts are often designed by hand and adopted by their participants after, at best, a manual analysis. This paper motivates and formalizes two aspects of contract correctness from the perspective of the preferences of the agents participating in them. A contract is safe for a participant if participating in the contract would not leave the participant worse off than otherwise. More strongly, a contract is beneficial to a participant if participating in the contract would leave the participant better off than otherwise.This paper seeks to partially automate reasoning about the correctness of formally modeled business contracts. It represents contracts formally as a set of commitments. It motivates constraints on how cooperative agents might value the various states of commitments. Further, it shows that such constraints are consistent and promote cooperation. Lastly, it presents algorithms for checking the safety and guaranteed benefits of a contract.
β-Keto esters from the rhodium(II) acetate catalysed conversion of α-diazo-β-hydroxy esters (1979)

R. Pellicciari, R. Fringuelli, P. Ceccherelli and E. Sisani, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 959 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000959
Multiple-Encoder Layered Space-Time-Frequency Architecture with QRM-MLD Detection (2010)

In this paper, in order to achieve the available spatial, temporal and frequency diversities, and also make the system implementation feasible for high speed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing, a novel LSTF transmitter architecture with multiple channel encoders is proposed with each independently coded information sub-stream being threaded in the three-dimensional (3-D) space-time-frequency transmission resource array. The performance of a receiver consisting of a maximum-likelihood detector with QR decomposition and M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) is exploited, by employing irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code as the channel code. The threaded distribution of each coded information sub-stream in the proposed LSTF makes it to achieve the spatial, temporal and frequency diversities the same as the conventional single-encoder LSTF where coding is applied across the whole information stream, and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed multiple-encoder LSTF architecture is very close to that of the conventional single-encoder LSTF. However, due to the use of multiple parallel encoders/decoders with a shorter codeword length, the proposed LSTF architecture has much lower hardware processing speed and complexity than the conventional LSTF.
Fast Tile-Based Adaptive Sampling with User-Specified Fourier Spectra (2014)

International audience
Thermal Behaviour of Selected C10H16 Monoterpenes (2006)

Abstract The presented work investigates the thermal behaviour of selected monoterpenes under various reactor temperatures and residence times (carrier gas, reactor inserts). In addition to the analysis of the liquid products by capillary GC and GC‐MS, chemical derivatisation techniques (Diels–Alder reaction, hydrogenation) were used to identify the liquid‐phase products. A thermal conversion of β‐pinene ( 1 ), myrcene ( 2 ) and limonene ( 4 ) in a reaction network is presented and the experimental evidence for the formation of pyrolysis products by a biradical pathway is discussed. The reaction network was modified based on the identification of additional C 10 H 16 terpene isomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Nanostructures in Biodiagnostics* (2020)

This chapter aims to review some of the major advances and milestones in the field of detection systems based upon nanomaterials and their roles in biodiagnostic screening for nucleic acids, proteins, and some biologically relevant small molecules and metal ions. It focuses on some of the key fundamental properties of certain nanostructures that make them ideal for specific diagnostic applications. In chip-based biodiagnostic detection formats the capture molecules on chip surfaces are patterned on the microscale. Protein and small molecule detection strategies that incorporate nanoparticles typically rely on the specific interactions between nanoparticle-bound antibodies with the target protein and the resulting effects these interactions have on the optical signature of the nanoparticles. Tailorable physical properties are a very important aspect of nanomaterials. The sharp melting transitions associated with these nanoparticle probes derive from the dense loading of oligonucleotides on their surfaces and their ability to bind to complementary DNA in a highly cooperative manner.
Optical Networking in Smart City and Wireless Future Networks Platforms (2021)

Innovation in optical networks is essential to delivering advanced performance for future smart city and wireless networks. Incorporating optical systems research in real-world platforms presents a number of challenges, which are addressed through recent advances in the use of software defined networking and emulation.
An Improved Method for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Based on Species-Specific Lipid Fingerprint by Routine MALDI-TOF (2021)

Rapid diagnostics of bacterial infection is the key to successful recovery and eradication of the disease. Currently, identification of bacteria is based on the detection of highly abundant proteins, mainly ribosomal proteins, by routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. However, relying solely on proteins is limited in subspecies typing for some pathogens. This is the case for, for example, the mycobacteria belonging to the <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (MABS) complex, which is classified into three subspecies, namely, <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i>, <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>bolletii</i>, and <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>massiliense</i>. Being able to detect bacteria accurately and rapidly at the subspecies level could not only reliably identify the pathogen causing the disease but also enable better antibiotic stewardship. For instance, <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i> and <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>bolletii</i> possess a functional erm41 (erythromycin ribosomal methylation gene 41) gene, whilst <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>massiliense</i> does not, resulting in differences in macrolide antibiotic (e.g., clarithromycin and azithromycin) susceptibilities. This presents a challenge for physicians when designing an appropriate treatment regimen. To address this challenge, in addition to proteins, species-specific lipids have now been considered as a game changer in clinical microbiology diagnostics. However, their extraction can be time-consuming, and analysis requires the use of apolar toxic organic solvents (e.g., chloroform). Here, we present a new method to accurately detect species and subspecies, allowing the discrimination of the mycobacteria within the MABS complex and relying on the use of ethanol. We found that a combination of the matrix named super-DHB with 25% ethanol with a bacterial suspension at McFarland 20 gave robust and reproducible data, allowing the discrimination of the bacteria within the MABS complex strains tested in this study (<i>n</i> = 9). Further investigations have to be conducted to validate the method on a larger panel of strains for its use in diagnostic laboratories.