gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses after Immunization of Calves with a Recombinant Multiantigenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Subunit Vaccine at Different Ages (2013)

Neonates and juvenile ruminants are very susceptible to paratuberculosis infection. This is likely due to a high degree of exposure from their dams and an immature immune system. To test the influence of age on vaccine-induced responses, a cocktail of recombinant Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins (MAP0217, MAP1508, MAP3701c, MAP3783, and MAP1609c/Ag85B) was formulated in a cationic liposome adjuvant (CAF01) and used to vaccinate animals of different ages. Male jersey calves were divided into three groups that were vaccinated at 2, 8, or 16 weeks of age and boosted twice at weeks 4 and 12 relative to the first vaccination. Vaccine-induced immune responses, the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) cytokine secretion and antibody responses, were followed for 20 weeks. In general, the specific responses were significantly elevated in all three vaccination groups after the first booster vaccination with no or only a minor effect from the second booster. However, significant differences were observed in the immunogenicity levels of the different proteins, and it appears that the older age group produced a more consistent IFN-γ response. In contrast, the humoral immune response is seemingly independent of vaccination age as we found no difference in the IgG1 responses when we compared the three vaccination groups. Combined, our results suggest that an appropriate age of vaccination should be considered in vaccination protocols and that there is a possible interference of vaccine-induced immune responses with weaning (week 8).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Louisianin Alkaloid Family via a 1,2,4‐Triazine Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Approach. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transgenic Production of Epoxy Fatty Acids by Expression of a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme from Euphorbia lagascaeSeed (2002)

Seed oils of a number of Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae species are enriched in 12-epoxyoctadeca-cis-9-enoic acid (vernolic acid), an unusual 18-carbon Delta(12)-epoxy fatty acid with potential industrial value. It has been previously demonstrated that the epoxy group of vernolic acid is synthesized by the activity of a Delta(12)-oleic acid desaturase-like enzyme in seeds of the Asteraceae Crepis palaestina and Vernonia galamensis. In contrast, results from metabolic studies have suggested the involvement of a cytochrome P450 enzyme in vernolic acid synthesis in seeds of the Euphorbiaceae species Euphorbia lagascae. To clarify the biosynthetic origin of vernolic acid in E. lagascae seed, an expressed sequence tag analysis was conducted. Among 1,006 randomly sequenced cDNAs from developing E. lagascae seeds, two identical expressed sequence tags were identified that encode a cytochrome P450 enzyme classified as CYP726A1. Consistent with the seed-specific occurrence of vernolic acid in E. lagascae, mRNA corresponding to the CYP726A1 gene was abundant in developing seeds, but was not detected in leaves. In addition, expression of the E. lagascae CYP726A1 cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was accompanied by production of vernolic acid in cultures supplied with linoleic acid and an epoxy fatty acid tentatively identified as 12-epoxyoctadeca-9,15-dienoic acid (12-epoxy-18:2Delta(9,15)) in cultures supplied with alpha-linolenic acid. Consistent with this, expression of CYP726A1 in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) callus or somatic soybean (Glycine max) embryos resulted in the accumulation of vernolic acid and 12-epoxy-18:2Delta(9,15). Overall, these results conclusively demonstrate that Asteraceae species and the Euphorbiaceae E. lagascae have evolved structurally unrelated enzymes to generate the Delta(12)-epoxy group of vernolic acid.
AlgR controls in vivo persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2018)

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) is one of the most virulent opportunistic human pathogens and is often highly resistant to antibiotic therapy. Although it is traditionally considered an extracellular pathogen, PsA has been shown to invade and persist inside mammalian cells. We hypothesize that this ability to persist intracellularly allows bacteria to become antibiotic insensitive, leading to the formation of reservoirs for recurrent infections. We have developed an in vitro infection model where we identified that the two-component response regulator AlgR is required for infection of human bladder epithelial cells. We demonstrate that AlgR controls invasion, via pilus expression, and intracellular persistence, via an unknown mechanism. Furthermore, we show that although its cognate histidine kinase, AlgZ, is also required, AlgR phosphorylation is not required for persistence. RNA profiling of host cells infected with WT PsA shows induction of hallmark TNFα signaling via NFKβ, which is absent in cells infected with ΔalgR PsA, suggesting that recognition of infecting bacteria may be necessary for their intracellular persistence. Finally, we show that AlgR is also required in an in vivo model of murine urinary tract infection, demonstrating that the in vitro model correlates with chronic infections in a whole animal model. Our results advance our understanding of the requirements for in vivo bacterial persistence and identify a potential target for the development of novel antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyridine and Benzo Derivatives (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Receptor‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Multi‐Component Magnetic Nanowires (2004)

The directed orientation of ferromagnetic nanowires tethered to spatially controlled regions of a surface is reported. The Figure is a light microscope image of 9 μm‐long, two‐segment Au/Ni nanowires with a biotinylated Au segment tethered to patterned avidin tracks. The aspect ratio of the nickel segments is ∼ 50, so the magnetic easy axis is parallel to the wire axis. The nanowires have rotated to be parallel to an applied magnetic field.
Structures of and methods for forming vertically aligned Si wire arrays (2023)

A structure consisting of vertically aligned wire arrays on a Si substrate and a method for producing such wire arrays. The wire arrays are fabricated and positioned on a substrate with an orientation and density particularly adapted for conversion of received light to energy. A patterned oxide layer is used to provide for wire arrays that exhibit narrow diameter and length distribution and provide for controlled wire position.
Finitely generated nilpotent group C*-algebras have finite nuclear\n dimension (2014)

We show that group C*-algebras of finitely generated, nilpotent groups have\nfinite nuclear dimension. It then follows, from a string of deep results, that\nthe C*-algebra $A$ generated by an irreducible representation of such a group\nhas decomposition rank at most 3. If, in addition, $A$ satisfies the universal\ncoefficient theorem, another string of deep results shows it is classifiable by\nits Elliott invariant and is approximately subhomogeneous. We give a large\nclass of irreducible representations of nilpotent groups (of arbitrarily large\nnilpotency class) that satisfy the universal coefficient theorem and therefore\nare classifiable and approximately subhomogeneous.\n
Structure−Activity Studies for α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic Acid Receptors:  Acidic Hydroxyphenylalanines (1997)

Antagonists of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid (AMPA) receptors may have therapeutic potential as psychotropic agents. A series of mononitro- and dinitro-2- and 3-hydroxyphenylalanines was prepared, and their activity compared with willardiine, 5-nitrowillardiine, AMPA, and 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (6-hydroxydopa) as inhibitors of specific [3H]AMPA and [3H]kainate binding in rat brain homogenates. The most active compounds were highly acidic (pKa 3-4), namely, 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-DL-phenylalanine (13; [3H]AMPA IC50 approximately equal to 25 microM) and 3-hydroxy-2,4-dinitro-DL-phenylalanine (19; [3H]AMPA IC50 approximately equal to 5 microM). Two other dinitro-3-hydroxyphenylalanines, and 3,5-dinitro-DL-tyrosine, were considerably less active. Various mononitrohydroxyphenylalanines, which are less acidic, were also less active or inactive, and 2- and 3-hydroxyphenylalanine (o- and m-tyrosine) were inactive. Compounds 13 and 19, DL-willardiine (pKa 9.3, [3H]AMPA IC50 = 2 microM), and 5-nitro-DL-willardiine (pKa 6.4, [3H]AMPA IC50 = 0.2 microM) displayed AMPA >> kainate selectivity in binding studies. Compound 19 was an AMPA-like agonist, but 13 was an antagonist in an AMPA-evoked norepinephrine release assay in rat hippocampal nerve endings. Also, compound 13 injected into the rat ventral pallidum antagonized the locomotor activity elicited by systemic amphetamine.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYL SELENIDE ANION, A SUPERIOR REAGENT FOR THE SN2 CLEAVAGE OF ESTERS AND LACTONES (1981)

Abstract Für die Spaltung von Estern und Lactonen durch Phenylselenid‐Anionen (II) sind das Kation und das Lösungsmittel von Bedeutung.
Current Challenges in Bacterial Transcriptomics (2013)

Over the past decade or so, dramatic developments in our ability to experimentally determine the content and function of genomes have taken place. In particular, next-generation sequencing technologies are now inspiring a new understanding of bacterial transcriptomes on a global scale. In bacterial cells, whole-transcriptome studies have not received attention, owing to the general view that bacterial genomes are simple. However, several recent RNA sequencing results are revealing unexpected levels of complexity in bacterial transcriptomes, indicating that the transcribed regions of genomes are much larger and complex than previously anticipated. In particular, these data show a wide array of small RNAs, antisense RNAs, and alternative transcripts. Here, we review how current transcriptomics are now revolutionizing our understanding of the complexity and regulation of bacterial transcriptomes.
The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award (2009)

The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award No. 092100, the Best Paper Award 2009, was presented to Dario L. Goldfarba, Libor Vyklickya, Sean D. Burnsa, Karen Petrillob, John Arnoldb, Anthony Lisib, Dirk Pfeiffera, Daniel P. Sandersc, Robert D. Allenc, David R. Medeirosb, Dah Chung Owe-Yangd, Kazumi Nodae, Seiichiro Tachibanae, and Shozo Shiraie (aIBM T.J. Watson Research Center, bIBM Systems & Technology Group, cIBM Almaden Research Center, dShin-Etsu MicroSi, Inc., eShin-Etsu Chemical Co.) for their outstanding contribution published in the Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 21(3), 397-404 (2008), entitled "Graded Spin-on Organic Bottom Antireflective Coating for High NA Immersion Lithography".
Precautionary measures reduce risk of definite neuroleptic malignant syndrome in newly typical neuroleptic-treated schizophrenia inpatients (2003)

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially lethal antipsychotic drug (APD)-induced thermoregulatory disturbance. We hypothesized that several precautionary measures taken after administeration of APDs might prevent progression to definite NMS. The study group included 657 consecutively admitted drug-free schizophrenia inpatients who received various typical APDs for 28 days. Specific predefined precautionary measures were employed for this group. The comparison group (n=192) consisted of typical APD-treated schizophrenia inpatients in whom such precautionary measures were not imposed. The study group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of definite NMS (1/657=0.2% versus 4/192=2.1%; P=0.01, odds ratio=13.96; 95% confidence interval 1.55-125.63). Antipsychotics were discontinued in 28 patients (28/657=4.3%) from the study group due to NMS (n=1) or early detection of potential NMS-related signs (probable abortive NMS) (n=27). Our findings suggest that specific precautionary measures can effectively reduce the incidence of definite NMS by approximately one order in newly medicated schizophrenia inpatients.
An air-interface for ad hoc networks supporting high mobility (2004)

In this paper, a novel air-interface is presented for FleetNet <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , a self-organizing network for inter-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication. The air-interface is based upon the low-chip-rate version of UMTS/TDD. To adapt the cellular UMTS standard to an air-interface for ad hoc networks, changes of the physical layer, medium access control sub-layer and radio resource management are required. An overview of the required modifications is given here. Particularly, a decentralized synchronization mechanism is presented and analyzed by means of simulations. Furthermore, changes for the medium access control are explained in detail, which allow for an efficient operation in partly meshed networks and prioritization. Performance results of the overall system considering throughput and delay are derived by means of analytical evaluations and event-driven simulations. Based on realistic mobility models, it is shown that the presented solution provides a robust communication platform even in vehicular environments. The proposed air-interface is a cost-effective solution not only for inter-vehicle communication, but also for ad hoc networking in general, benefiting from the mass-market of UMTS.
Cover Picture: The Evaluation of Secondary Amine Protecting Groups for Nitration (Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 10/2019) (2019)

The Evaluation of Secondary Amine Protecting Groups for Nitration The cover picture shows the latest study on nitration of amides into nitramines. The yields of nitramines have been found to correlate with the stability of the resulting acylium ion and the steric bulk of the amide. A new amide, with cyclopropyl substituent, has been found to give higher yields than any previously known amide. The amide groups have been found to be nitrolyzable in the following order: Cyclopropyl>Ethyl>Propyl>Methyl>i-Propyl≈t-Butyl≈Methoxymethyl≫Hydrogen>Pentafluorophenyl. More details are discussed in the Full Paper by Andrew P. Chafin, Jeffrey Bottaro, and Kyle E. Rosenkoetter on page 1226 ff.
Frequency bandwidth dependence of PD current waveforms in transformer oil measured with the SHF_PDPW system (2012)

This paper deals with partial discharge (PD) current waveforms in transformer oil measured with the SHF_PDPW (super high frequency wideband PD current pulse waveform measurement) system that enables us to obtain accurately waveforms up to SHF band (3-30GHz). We investigated the PD current pulse waveform, especially on the rise time, the current peak, and the charge quantity obtained by the time integral of the waveform, to focus on the dependences of the applied voltage and the discharge polarity. Also, we investigated the measurement frequency bandwidth f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BW</sub> dependence of the waveforms by decreasing the f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BW</sub> from the maximum value to the 1GHz. As a result, the rise time of the PD current waveform below 1 nano second was observed, in some case that is a pico to a tens pico seconds order rise time, and the dependences of the applied voltage was also obtained. The distinct differences in the waveforms between positive and negative polarities were also observed in this study. These results could contribute to understand the PD phenomena and to improve the UHF method for the power transformers.
Observation and understanding of the tear mechanism of polyethylene blown films at variable loading angles (2013)

Tear is a key physical property of polyethylene (PE) blown films. There are many variables that affect the overall tear property, such as tear path and plastic deformation wake. In this study, five blown PE films are prepared and tested by the Elmendorf tear test at five sampling angles, i.e. 0 (MD), 30, 45, 60, and 90 (CD) degrees. Statistical analysis is carried out on the tear values and the variation of the tear data is investigated based on the observation of the tear samples. The mechanism of severely curved crack, i.e. J‐tear, is also studied to understand the tear property variation of blown PE films. In addition, the relationship between tear values and tensile toughness in perpendicular direction is investigated to understand the role of a process zone lying in front of a crack tip during tear. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1038–1046, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
α-Galactosylceramide–Induced Airway Eosinophilia Is Mediated through the Activation of NKT Cells (2011)

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in the expansion of Ag-specific B and T cell responses. α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), the most studied glycolipid that activates iNKT cells, has been proposed to be an effective adjuvant against infections and tumors. We found that the activation of iNKT cells by intranasal injection of α-GalCer induced airway eosinophilia in naive mice. Eosinophils, which mediate tissue damage and dysfunction by secreting mediators, play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of how eosinophils are recruited to the lung by α-GalCer. Our results demonstrated that α-GalCer-induced eosinophil inflammation was mediated through iNKT cells. These cells secreted IL-5 to recruit eosinophils directly to the lung and/or secreted IL-4 and IL-13 to recruit eosinophils indirectly by inducing lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblast to secrete the eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin. In addition, in the OVA-alum murine model of allergic asthma, α-GalCer administration in OVA-immunized mice also increased airway eosinophilia after challenge. Given our findings, intranasal administration of α-GalCer induced airway eosinophilic inflammation in both naive and allergic mice. Hence, it remains to be determined whether the activation of iNKT cells would be applicable in therapeutics for human diseases.
Guiding Kidney Transplantation Candidates for Effective Weight Loss: A Clinical Cohort Study (2022)

A conservative weight-loss approach involving multidisciplinary consultation was ineffective in most kidney transplant candidates with diabetes, suggesting that a more proactive approach is needed.
Combining position and acceleration information for high performance of bilateral control using Kalman-filter-based disturbance observer (2010)

Disturbance observer is significantly becoming the preferred approach since it offers distinct advantages of improving robustness of the force control and accuracy of the force estimation. Current and velocity information are the reference inputs of the disturbance observer whereas the external force estimation is the output. Generally, velocity information without noise effects can be calculated by using low-pass filter but the bandwidth of the data is limited. To obtain wide bandwidth of force sensing with low noise, we have utilized the Kalman filter technique to estimate the motor velocity with the measured data from both linear encoders and acceleration sensors. Through the combination of the linear encoder with an acceleration sensor measurement, a velocity reference containing improved bandwidth can be achieved. This paper will demonstrate that Kalman-filter-based disturbance observer as applied to bilateral control system can provide wide bandwidth superior to the conventional one. In order to ensure the improvements of the proposed method, some experimental results of bilateral control is confirmed theoretically.
Observation of Porosities inside Aluminum Diecasts using Three-dimensional Internal Information Acquisition System (2008)

Casting defects in die casting materials are known as starting points of fatigue fractures. Therefore investigating their presence, sizes, and distributions are important for lifetime predictions of casting materials. In this paper, the size and the shape of casting defects inside aluminum die casting alloy were investigated by an automated three-dimensional information acquisition system based on consecutive precision milling and cross-sectional image recording. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) Two-dimensional color cross-sectional images were consecutively recorded in 4×4×5 μm resolution for 20×14×20 mm aluminum die casting specimen. (2) Casting defects were distinguishable in those images, and the regions of casting defects were extracted, and over 5000 individual regions were three-dimensionally reconstructed. (3) 90% of those regions were near sphere and relatively small in diameter (<100μm).
Well-Defined Random Copolymers by a “Living” Free-Radical Polymerization Process (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTWell-Defined Random Copolymers by a "Living" Free-Radical Polymerization ProcessCraig J. Hawker, Edmund Elce, Julian Dao, Willi Volksen, Thomas P. Russell, and George G. BarclayView Author Information IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099, and Shipley Company, 455 Forest Street, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752-3092Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7, 2686–2688Publication Date (Web):March 25, 1996Publication History Received11 October 1995Revised20 January 1996Published online25 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9515137https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9515137brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2232Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Living polymerization,Organic compounds,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
EYE-FOOT REACTION AND RESPONSE TIMES AT DIFFERING TARGET ECCENTRICITIES (1995)

Cai, Leon MS; Morrissey, Brian D. BS; Coffey, Bradley OD; Reichow, Alan W. OD Author Information