gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Properties of the High-Purity Phase in Layered AETMN2 (AE = Sr, Ba; TM = Ti, Zr, Hf) Semiconductors (2022)

We report the synthesis and optoelectronic properties of high phase-purity (>94 mol %) bulk polycrystals of KCoO<sub>2</sub>-type layered nitrides <i>AETM</i>N<sub>2</sub> (<i>AE</i> = Sr, Ba; and <i>TM</i> = Ti, Zr, Hf), which are expected to exhibit unique electron transport properties originating from their natural two-dimensional (2D) electronic structure, but high-purity intrinsic samples have yet been reported. The bulks were synthesized using a solid-state reaction between <i>AE</i>NH and <i>TM</i>N precursors with NaN<sub>3</sub> to achieve high N chemical potential during the reaction. The <i>AETM</i>N<sub>2</sub> bulks are n-type semiconductors with optical band gaps of 1.63 eV for SrTiN<sub>2</sub>, 1.97 eV for BaZrN<sub>2</sub>, and 2.17 eV for BaHfN<sub>2</sub>. SrTiN<sub>2</sub> and BaZrN<sub>2</sub> bulks show degenerated electron conduction due to the natural high-density electron doping and paramagnetic behavior in all of the temperature ranges examined, while such unintentional carrier generation is largely suppressed in BaHfN<sub>2</sub>, which exhibits nondegenerated electron conduction. The BaHfN<sub>2</sub> sample also exhibits weak ferromagnetic behavior at temperatures lower than 35 K. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the high-density electron carriers in SrTiN<sub>2</sub> come from oxygen impurity substitution at the N site (O<sub>N</sub>) acting as a shallow donor even if the high-N chemical potential synthesis conditions are employed. On the other hand, the formation energy of O<sub>N</sub> becomes larger in BaHfN<sub>2</sub> because of the stronger <i>TM</i>-N chemical bonds. Present results demonstrate that the easiness of impurity incorporation is designed by density functional calculations to produce a more intrinsic semiconductor in wider chemical conditions, opening a way to cultivating novel functional materials that are sensitive to atmospheric impurities and defects.
Baguette: Towards End-to-End Service Orchestration in Heterogeneous Networks (2016)

Network services are the key mechanism for operators to introduce intelligence and generate profit from their infrastructures. The growth of the number of network users and the stricter application network requirements have highlighted a number of challenges in orchestrating services using existing production management and configuration protocols and mechanisms. Recent networking paradigms like Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), provide a set of novel control and management interfaces that enable unprecedented automation, flexibility and openness capabilities in operator infrastructure management. This paper presents Baguette, a novel and open service orchestration framework for operators. Baguette supports a wide range of network technologies, namely optical and wired Ethernet technologies, and allows service providers to automate the deployment and dynamic re-optimization of network services. We present the design of the orchestrator and elaborate on the integration of Baguette with existing low-level network and cloud management frameworks.
Three-Dimensional Incoherent Imaging Using Spiral Rotating Point Spread Functions Created by Double-Helix Beams [Invited] (2022)

In recent years, there has been a significant transformation in the field of incoherent imaging with new possibilities of compressing three-dimensional (3D) information into a two-dimensional intensity distribution without two-beam interference (TBI). Most incoherent 3D imagers without TBI are based on scattering by a random phase mask exhibiting sharp autocorrelation and low cross-correlation along the depth axis. Consequently, during reconstruction, high lateral and axial resolutions are obtained. Scattering based-Imaging requires a wasteful photon budget and is therefore precluded in many power-sensitive applications. This study develops a proof-of-concept 3D incoherent imaging method using a rotating point spread function termed 3D Incoherent Imaging with Spiral Beams (3DI<sup>2</sup>SB). The rotation speed of the point spread function (PSF) with displacement and the orbital angular momentum has been theoretically analyzed. The imaging characteristics of 3DI<sup>2</sup>SB were compared with a direct imaging system using a diffractive lens, and the proposed system exhibited a higher focal depth than the direct imaging system. Different computational reconstruction methods such as the Lucy-Richardson algorithm (LRA), non-linear reconstruction (NLR), and the Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm (LRRA) were compared. While LRRA performed better than both LRA and NLR for an ideal case, NLR performed better than both under real experimental conditions. Both single plane imaging, as well as synthetic 3D imaging, were demonstrated. We believe that the proposed approach might cause a paradigm shift in the current state-of-the-art incoherent imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and astronomical imaging.
Journal of real-time image processing: first issue of volume 12 (2016)

Although we are half way through the 11th publication year of Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, the four issues of volume 11 have already appeared this year and this issue constitutes the first issue of volume 12. This is due to the fact that this year in 2016, two volumes or a total of eight issues are being published. The additional volume 12 is arranged for the purpose of significantly reducing the backlog of accepted papers that have already appeared as online-first articles but are waiting to appear in print.
Withdrawal: Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine are ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR4. VOLUME 276 (2001) PAGES 41325-41335 (2005)

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and Lysophosphatidylcholine Are Ligands for the G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR4Journal of Biological ChemistryVol. 276Issue 44PreviewSphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are bioactive lipid molecules involved in numerous biological processes. We have recently identified ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) as a specific and high affinity receptor for SPC, and G2A as a receptor with high affinity for LPC, but low affinity for SPC. Among G protein-coupled receptors, GPR4 shares highest sequence homology with OGR1 (51%). In this work, we have identified GPR4 as not only another high affinity receptor for SPC, but also a receptor for LPC, albeit of lower affinity. Full-Text PDF Open Access This paper has been withdrawn.
Rate Splitting Multiple Access for Multi-Antenna Multi-Carrier Joint Communications and Jamming (2021)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) is a robust multiple access scheme for downlink multi-antenna wireless networks. In this work, we investigate a novel application of RSMA for joint communications and jamming with a Multi-Carrier (MC) waveform in Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC). Our aim is to simultaneously communicate with Information Users (IU) and jam Adversarial Users (AU) to disrupt their communications in a setting where all users perform broadband communications by MC waveforms in their respective networks. We consider the practical setting of imperfect CSI at transmitter (CSIT) for the IUs and statistical CSIT for AUs. The optimal information and jamming precoders are designed to maximize the sum-rate under jamming power constraints on the pilot subcarriers of AUs, a jamming method considered to be among the most destructive methods for MC waveforms under the considered system model. We compare the sum-rate performance of RSMA and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) schemes by numerical results to demonstrate that RSMA achieves a significant sum-rate gain compared to SDMA.
Bulk modification of transparent materials by use of loosely focused femtosecond laser (2004)

We demonstrate the control of refractive index change inside silica glass and PMMA induced by a loosely focused femtosecond laser. By decreasing numerical aperture, several mm long single mode optical waveguide is fabricated by non-scanning process.
Determination of the detection process in an experimental tomograph for industrial flow visualization using radioactive tracers (1996)

A tomographic technique applied to fluid flow visualization is described. For industrial purposes, a relatively high energy tracer has to be used (200 keV to 2 MeV). The procedure implies the comprehension of the detection process relative to geometric response, attenuation, and scatter. This has been achieved by Monte Carlo investigations for four typical media. The formulation of a physical model allowed a set of weighting factors that were incorporated in the reconstruction algorithm. Experimental projections were compared to simulated projections for Monte Carlo validation. Results show that reconstruction of these data from a very limited number of projections is hopeful.
Diesel exhaust particles upregulate eotaxin gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells via nuclear factor-κB-dependent pathway (2003)

Fine particles derived from diesel engines, diesel exhaust particles (DEP), have been shown to augment gene expression of several inflammatory cytokines in human airway epithelial cells in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether or not DEP have any effect on the expression and production of eotaxin, an important chemokine involved in eosinophil recruitment into the airways. We studied the effects of DEP by using a conventional suspended DEP and by a recently established in vitro cell exposure system to diesel exhaust (Abe S, Takizawa H, Sugawara I, and Kudoh S, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22: 296-303, 2000). DEP showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on eotaxin production by normal human peripheral airway epithelial cells as well as by bronchial epithelial cell line BET-1A as assessed by specific ELISA. mRNA levels increased by DEP were shown by RT-PCR. DEP showed an additive effect on IL-13-stimulated eotaxin expression. DEP induced NF-kappaB activation by EMSA as previously reported but did not induce signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 activation according to Western blot analysis. Finally, antioxidant agents (N-acetyl cysteine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate), which inhibited NF-kappaB activation but failed to affect STAT6 activation, almost completely attenuated DEP-induced eotaxin production, whereas these agents failed to attenuate IL-13-induced eotaxin production. These findings suggested that DEP stimulated eotaxin gene expression via NF-kappaB-dependent, but STAT6-independent, pathways.
[Pharmacology of iotroxic acid, a new intravenous cholangiographic agent. II. Experimental animal study of side effects]. (1978)

The general, neural and cardiovascular tolerance of iotroxic acid (Biliscopin) and its deleterious effect on membranes were investigated in comparison with iodipamic- (Biligrafin), ioglycamic- (Biligram, Bilivistan) und iodoxamic acids in different experimental models. Tolerance (DL50) of iotroxic acid after i.v. injection in the rat proved to be significantly better than that of all the reference substances. The difference was most apparent in animals which had previously been given histamine. Neural tolerance was found to be best after iotroxic acid and iodipamic acid and poorest after iodoxamic acid. In in vitro investigations the erythrocyte membranes were far less damaged by iodoxamic acid and iotroxic acid than by iodipamic acid. Iotroxic acid was also particularly well tolerated after intracisternal injection and after injection into the carotid artery of the rat. The effect of iotroxic acid on the cardiovascular system of the cat was distinctly weaker than that of ioglycamic acid and, when given in high doses, evidently also weaker than that after administration of iodoxamic acid. The excellent general tolerance of iotroxic acid can be explained by the fact that its deleterious effect on membranes is less than that of iodipamic acid and that its neurotoxicity is distinctly lower than that of iodoxamic acid.
<title>Liquid crystal adaptive lens: operation and aberration</title> (1993)

A possible approach to a volume optical memory system is a page addressed or bit plane architecture. Bit planes of data are stored in the memory medium analogous to pages in a book. Each bit plane consists of a matrix of spots like letters on a page. A two-photon memory mechanism is used and the memory medium is assumed to be in the shape of a cube. Orthogonal beams will be used to locate a point within the cube. The memory architecture would consist of an input spatial light modulator, dynamic focus lens system, optical memory medium and detector array. Both read and write operations require that a bit plane of data be imaged to a specific plane within the memory medium. Read out would be accomplished in a similar way using the dynamic lens, second orthogonal beam and a detector array. The dynamic focus lens used here is the liquid crystal adaptive lens (LCAL). The LCAL focuses light by electrically grading the refractive index across its aperture. By changing voltages of the discrete electrodes the focal length is changed, thereby creating a dynamic lens. This presentation will discuss the LCAL's performance as applied to a page addressed volume optical memory.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Smart antennas cluster year 2000 report (2001)

This paper contains the common work of the three projects involved in the adaptive antenna cluster, namely METRA, SATURN and ASILUM. The 2000 work was devoted to propagation methodology issues w.r.t multichannel characterization
Measurement of the dissolved oxygen concentration in acrylate monomers with a novel photochemical method (2004)

Abstract Because of the well‐known radical‐scavenging behavior, molecular oxygen is capable of inhibiting free‐radical chain polymerizations of unsaturated monomers. The deleterious effects of diffused oxygen in a polymerization system result in both a reduced polymerization rate and the loss of surface properties of a polymer film or coating. However, reliable data for oxygen concentration in organic monomers are relatively scarce because of the experimental and instrumental limitations of the commercially available techniques. In this study, a photochemical method was developed and was used to obtain the dissolved oxygen concentration in seven acrylate monomers. The principle of the method was to convert ground‐state molecular oxygen dissolved in monomer to the excited, singlet‐state oxygen and then react the singlet oxygen with a third compound (singlet oxygen trapper). By monitoring the concentration of this singlet oxygen trapper spectrophotometrically, the concentration of dissolved oxygen can be obtained with the established stoichiometry for the reaction between singlet oxygen and trapper. The singlet oxygen concentrations in the acrylate monomers varied from 0.59 to 2.07 × 10 −3 mol/L, depending on the monomer structure. The strategies and considerations for generalizing the method to other systems, including highly oxygenated organics, are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1285–1292, 2004
First established pregnancy after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone and the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist ganirelix (Org 37462) (1998)

This case report describes the first established pregnancy after the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, ganirelix (Org 37462; Organon), to prevent a premature luteinizing hormone surge during ovarian hyperstimulation with recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH). The pregnancy progressed normally and ended with the birth of a healthy boy and a girl after an elective Caesarean section at gestational age of 37 weeks. This case illustrates, for the first time, the use of a GnRH antagonist in combination with a pure FSH preparation for ovarian stimulation.
A STATISTICS INFERENCE PROBLEM IN AN URN AND BALL MODEL WITH HEAVY TAILED DISTRIBUTIONS (2008)

We consider in this paper an urn and ball problem with replace- ment, where balls are with different colors and are drawn uniformly from a unique urn; a ball which has been drawn is immediately replaced into the urn. The numbers of balls with a given color are i.i.d. random variables with a specific probability distribution, for instance a Pareto or a Weibull distribu- tion. We draw a small fraction p≪ 1 of the total number of balls. The basic problem addressed in this paper is to know to which extent we can infer the total number of colors and the distribution of the number of balls with a given color. By means of Le Cam's inequality and Chen-Stein method, we establish bounds in total variation norm between the distribution of the number of balls drawn with a given color and the Poisson distribution with the same mean. We then show, under the assumption of heavy tailed distributions, that the distribution of the number of balls drawn with a given color has the same tail as that of the original number of balls. We finally establish bounds between the two distributions when each ball is drawn with probability p. We consider in this paper the following urn and ball problem with replacement: an urn contains a random number of balls with different colors, we draw a small fraction p ≪ 1 of the total number of balls and a ball which has been drawn is immediately replaced into the urn. The problem is to infer the number of colors and the distribution of the number of balls with a given color. We assume that the numbers of balls with various colors are i.i.d. random variables and that the number K of colors is large. Throughout this paper, the number of balls with a given color has a heavy tailed probability distribution of Pareto or Weibull type. Finally, we assume that balls are drawn uniformly, which means for each i = 1, . . . , K that if there are vi balls with color i, the probability of drawing a ball with this color is vi/V , where V = P K=1 vj. This problem is motivated by the analysis of packet sampling in the Internet (see (5) for details). To address the problem of inferring the initial statistics of balls and colors, we analyze the non-normalized distribution of the number of balls drawn with a given color. More specifically, let Wj (respectively, W + j ) denote the number of colors with a number of drawn balls equal to (respectively, equal to or greater than) j. Denoting by ˜
A New Model for Diffuse Brain Injury by Rotational Acceleration: II. Effects on Extracellular Glutamate, Intracranial Pressure, and Neuronal Apoptosis (2001)

The aim of this study is to monitor excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in the extracellular fluids of the brain and to characterize regional neuronal damage in a new experimental model for brain injury, in which rabbits were exposed to 180-260 krad/s2 rotational head acceleration. This loading causes extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage, focal tissue bleeding, reactive astrocytosis, and axonal damage. Animals were monitored for intracranial pressure (ICP) and for amino acids in the extracellular fluids. Immunohistochemistry was used to study expression of the gene c-Jun and apoptosis with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Extracellular glutamate, glycine, and taurine increased significantly in the hippocampus within a few hours and remained high after 24 h. Neuronal nuclei in the granule layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum were positive for c-Jun after 24 h. Little immunoreactivity was detected in the cerebral cortex. c-Jun-positive neuronal perikarya and processes were found in granule and pyramidal CA4 layers of the hippocampus and among the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Also some microglial cells stained positively for c-Jun. TUNEL reactivity was most intense at 10 days after trauma and was extensive in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. The initial response of the brain after rotational head injury involves brain edema after 24 h and an excitotoxic neuronal microenvironment in the first hour, which leads to extensive delayed neuronal cell death by apoptosis necrosis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum.
Fibrillar dimer formation of islet amyloid polypeptides (2015)

Amyloid deposits of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a 37-residue hormone co-produced with insulin, have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. Residues 20 – 29 of hIAPP have been proposed to constitute the amyloidogenic core for the aggregation process, yet the segment is mostly unstructured in the mature fibril, according to solid-state NMR data. Here we use molecular simulations combined with bias-exchange metadynamics to characterize the conformational free energies of hIAPP fibrillar dimer and its derivative, pramlintide. We show that residues 20 – 29 are involved in an intermediate that exhibits transient β-sheets, consistent with recent experimental and simulation results. By comparing the aggregation of hIAPP and pramlintide, we illustrate the effects of proline residues on inhibition of the dimerization of IAPP. The mechanistic insights presented here could be useful for development of therapeutic inhibitors of hIAPP amyloid formation.
Integrated microRNA and mRNA Expression Profiling Identifies Novel Targets and Networks Associated with Ebstein’s Anomaly (2021)

Little is known about abundance level changes of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNA) in patients with Ebstein's anomaly (EA). Here, we performed an integrated analysis to identify the differentially abundant miRNAs and mRNA targets and to identify the potential therapeutic targets that might be involved in the mechanisms underlying EA. A large panel of human miRNA and mRNA microarrays were conducted to determine the genome-wide expression profiles in the blood of 16 EA patients and 16 age and gender-matched healthy control volunteers (HVs). Differential abundance level of single miRNA and mRNA was validated by Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Enrichment analyses of altered miRNA and mRNA abundance levels were identified using bioinformatics tools. Altered miRNA and mRNA abundance levels were observed between EA patients and HVs. Among the deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs, 76 miRNAs (49 lower abundance and 27 higher abundance, fold-change of ≥2) and 29 mRNAs (25 higher abundance and 4 lower abundance, fold-change of ≥1.5) were identified in EA patients compared to HVs. Bioinformatics analysis identified 37 pairs of putative miRNA-mRNA interactions. The majority of the correlations were detected between the lower abundance level of miRNA and higher abundance level of mRNA, except for let-7b-5p, which showed a higher abundance level and their target gene, <i>SCRN3,</i> showed a lower abundance level. Pathway enrichment analysis of the deregulated mRNAs identified 35 significant pathways that are mostly involved in signal transduction and cellular interaction pathways. Our findings provide new insights into a potential molecular biomarker(s) for the EA that may guide the development of novel targeting therapies.