gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-Free High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells (2011)

The focus of this paper is replacing traditional POCl3 diffusion with an implant and rapid thermal annealing step for the fabrication of p-type PERC silicon solar cells. A rear-side passivated p-type wafer is implanted with phosphorus which creates an inactive amorphous layer and a region of silicon full of interstitials and vacancies. The front side is then passivated using a PECVD SiNxHy. The wafer is placed in a firing furnace in order to achieve dopant activation. The hydrogen rich silicon nitride releases hydrogen which is diffused into the Si, the defect rich amorphous front side is immediately passivated by the readily available hydrogen, all the while, dopants are introduced into the lattice and become electrically active. It is shown in this paper that the combination of this particular process flow leads to an efficient Si solar cell. Cell results are on 160μm thick, 148.25 cm2 Cz Si wafers using the proposed traditional diffusion-free process flow are up to 18.8% with a Voc of 638mV, Jsc of 38.5 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of 76.6%
Prediction of Packing Density of Milled Powder Based on Packing Simulation and Particle Shape Analysis (2007)

For precise property control of sintered products, it is important to know the powder characteristics, especially the packing density of the powder. In a previous work, we developed a packing simulation program that could make a packed bed of spherical particles having particle size distribution. In order to predict the packing density of the actual powder that consisted of nonspherical particles, we combined the packing simulation with a particle shape analysis. We investigated the influence of the particle size distribution of the powder on the packing density by executing the packing simulation based on particle size distributions of the actual milled chromium powders. In addition, the influence of the particle shape of the actual powder on the packing density was quantitatively analyzed. A prediction of the packing density of the milled powder was attempted with an analytical expression between the particle shape of the powder and the packing simulation. The predicted packing densities were in good agreement with the actual data.
(Quasi‐)Racemic X‐ray Structures of Glycosylated and Non‐Glycosylated Forms of the Chemokine Ser‐CCL1 Prepared by Total Chemical Synthesis (2014)

Our goal was to obtain the X-ray crystal structure of the glycosylated chemokine Ser-CCL1. Glycoproteins can be hard to crystallize because of the heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide (glycan) moiety. We used glycosylated Ser-CCL1 that had been prepared by total chemical synthesis as a homogeneous compound containing an N-linked asialo biantennary nonasaccharide glycan moiety of defined covalent structure. Facile crystal formation occurred from a quasi-racemic mixture consisting of glycosylated L-protein and non-glycosylated-D-protein, while no crystals were obtained from the glycosylated L-protein alone. The structure was solved at a resolution of 2.6-2.1 Å. However, the glycan moiety was disordered: only the N-linked GlcNAc sugar was well-defined in the electron density map. A racemic mixture of the protein enantiomers L-Ser-CCL1 and D-Ser-CCL1 was also crystallized, and the structure of the true racemate was solved at a resolution of 2.7-2.15 Å. Superimposition of the structures of the protein moieties of L-Ser-CCL1 and glycosylated-L-Ser-CCL1 revealed there was no significant alteration of the protein structure by N-glycosylation.
Electric Power System Studies for a Multi-MW PV Farm and Large Rural Community with Net Zero Energy and Microgrid Capabilities (2020)

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are currently being deployed at an accelerated rate because of their cost-competitiveness and environmental benefits, which make them a prime candidate for local renewable energy generation in communities. Microgrids can help accommodate for the problems that accompany PV systems, such as intermittency due to weather, by coordinating different distributed energy resources (DERs), while islanded or by drawing power from the utility while in grid-connected mode. An islanding option is also important for resilience and grid fault mitigation, even if other DERs are not present within the system. This paper studies the potential benefits that a multi-MW utility-scale PV farm may yield for a large rural community when installed within a grid-connected microgrid structure. The PV system was optimally sized based on net present cost (NPC) with a net zero energy (NZE) goal. With local solar PV generation and a connection to the grid to transmit overgeneration through, the community can be NZE by having a PV farm power rating that is much greater than the peak load demand. This may lead to cases of increased transient severity during mode transitions and may require substantial curtailment of PV. A control scheme is proposed to smooth system transients that result from the switching between the two modes of operation in order to avoid system damage or unreliable load service.
Le projet BabyTalk : generation de texte a partir de donnees heterogenes pour la prise de decision en unite neonatale (2009)

Notre société génère une masse d’information toujours croissante, que ce soit en&#13;\nmédecine, en météorologie, etc. La méthode la plus employée pour analyser ces données est&#13;\nde les résumer sous forme graphique. Cependant, il a été démontré qu'un résumé textuel est&#13;\naussi un mode de présentation efficace. L'objectif du prototype BT-45, développé dans le&#13;\ncadre du projet Babytalk, est de générer des résumés de 45 minutes de signaux physiologiques&#13;\ncontinus et d'événements temporels discrets en unité néonatale de soins intensifs (NICU).&#13;\nL'article présente l'aspect génération de texte de ce prototype. Une expérimentation clinique a&#13;\nmontré que les résumés humains améliorent la prise de décision par rapport à l'approche&#13;\ngraphique, tandis que les textes de BT-45 donnent des résultats similaires à l’approche&#13;\ngraphique. Une analyse a identifié certaines des limitations de BT-45 mais en dépit de cellesci,&#13;\nnotre travail montre qu'il est possible de produire automatiquement des résumés textuels&#13;\nefficaces de données complexes.
400-Gbps Space Division Multiplexing Optical Wireless Communication Using Two-Dimensional Photodetector Array (2018)

We demonstrate 400-Gbps multi-core fiber based optical wireless communication using a newly developed two-dimensional photodetector array (2D-PDA). The 19-parallel beam from 19-core fiber can be successfully coupled with a 19-pixel 2D-PDA in free space.
Regulation and its refractoriness of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism in vitamin D deficiency. (1981)

The time course of change in plasma calcium levels and renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] was investigated in chicks maintained on a vitamin D-deficient diet for 4 weeks. Plasma calcium concentrations dropped sharply between the 7th and 14th day of the feeding period. Renal 25(OH)D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was reciprocally enhanced concurrently with the decrease in plasma calcium levels. The elevated activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase had declined significantly by the 21st and 28th days in spite of the more severe hypocalcemia. When graded amounts of vitamin D3 were administered to the chicks maintained on this diet for 14 or 28 days, there were considerable differences in the change of plasma calcium levels and 25(OH)D3 metabolism induced by vitamin D3 administration between the 14-day and 28-day birds. The minimal dose levels of vitamin D3 to completely suppress renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity were 25 micrograms in the 14-day, and 2.5 mg in the 28-day birds. These differences were not observed between the 14-day and 28-day birds when 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha(OH)D3] was administered. Renal adenylate cyclase activity induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) was much lower in the 28-day chicks than that in 1-day-old and the 14-day birds. These results are explained by the hypersecretion of PTH and the subsequent refractoriness of the target organs in severe vitamin D deficiency. Plasma calcium levels per se did not appear to be a major factor in the regulation of 25(OH)D3 metabolism.
Assessment of Optimal Balloon Size for Rupture of the Ureteropelvic Junction and Mid-ureter in a Porcine Model (2001)

Rapid dilation and use of a 36F balloon capable of maintaining a low profile after inflation may result in a cleaner proximal ureterotomy with less distortion of the untorn neighboring proximal ureter. Both 36F and 30F balloons consistently produced a full-thickness proximal ureterotomy in normal porcine tissue. For mid-ureteral strictures, balloon dilation to even 36F may fail to create a suitable ureterotomy. However, it must be noted that dysplastic or scarred tissue may respond differently to dilation than the more elastic normal porcine tissues used in this study.
Response of local evanescent field to varying immunoassay complex coverage (2007)

A compact waveguide biosensor that can simultaneously sense multiple analytes has been implemented. The responses to multiple immunoassay complex adlayers with different surface coverage were measured using near-field scanning optical microscopy.
The future of pore-pressure prediction using geophysical methods (2002)

Predrill pressure prediction has historically been done using very simple models and overly simplistic estimates of the earth's velocity field. The methods usually incorporate a locally calibrated set of curves for pressure. The advent of the effective stress concept and pressure prediction methods that developed from that concept have led to a much-needed inclusion of fundamental physics into the art of pressure prediction. The use of effective stress methods has become the standard for pressure prediction. This technique has many variants including the Eaton method, the Bowers method, and the Sperry Sun method.
Direction Drilling Measurement Errors Caused by Drilling Fluid Constituents (2016)

Materials in drilling muds are known to sometimes distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the azimuth of well path. This distortion or shielding effect can contribute to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells and with significant well displacements, these errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated section in the range of 1–200m; and thus impact on the overall productivity expectation of the well. The article describes significant shielding effects observed while drilling long wells. The criteria for acceptance of the surveys were not met and resultantly, an alternative survey source had to be obtained with resulted in increased cost and time to the client. A number of measures were implemented to eliminate this shielding effect. The effects of drilling fluid contamination by magnetic materials are calculated, and a method to evaluate the magnetic properties of the drilling fluid is proposed. The effect of taking measurements with the pumps on versus off is quantified.
Clinical Development of the Nicotinamides and Benzamides Involving PARP as a Molecular Target (2002)

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220The benzamides and nicotinamides represent a class of drugs that have experienced an unusually broad spectrum for clinical development. So far, these agents are being or have already been developed as clinically relevant antipyschotic (sulpiride), antiemetic (metoclopramide), antiarrhythmic (lidocaine), diabetic (nicotinamide), local anesthetic (procainamide), chemosensitizing/antitumor (declopramide), multidrug resistance reversing and anti-inflammatory drugs.1 This diverse clinical spectrum is paralleled by an equally diverse mode of action profile which includes effects on tumor microcirculation, DNA repair, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), dopamine/hydroxytryptamine receptors, ADP-ribosyl cyclase/Ca homeostasis, apoptosis, NF-κB, P-glycoprotein, and phosphodiesterases (see patents described below). This is an unusual situation for drug development where small informational molecules such as benzamides and nicotinamides could influence so many seemingly unrelated biological processes. To appreciate further this drug discovery area, it is important to understand that nicotinamide is a vitamin not efficiently manufactured by the body, and hence dietary intake is essential to support human health in a disease-free state.
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum: Theory versus Experiment (2008)

Molybdenum complexes that contain the triamidoamine ligand [(RNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N](3-) (R = 3,5-(2,4,6-iPr(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3)) catalyze the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia at 22 degrees C and 1 atm with protons from 2,6-dimethylpyridinium and electrons from decamethylchromocene. Several theoretical studies have been published that bear on the proposed intermediates in the catalytic dinitrogen reduction reaction and their reaction characteristics, including DFT calculations on [(HIPTNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]Mo species (HIPT =hexaisopropylterphenyl = 3,5-(2,4,6-iPr(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3)), which contain the actual triamidoamine ligand that is present in catalytic intermediates. Recent theoretical findings are compared with experimental findings for each proposed step in the catalytic reaction.
Erratum: G-CSF supports long-term muscle regeneration in mouse models of muscular dystrophy (2015)

Nature Communications 6: Article number: 6745 (2015); Published 13 April 2015; Updated 18 June 2015. The immunofluorescence images in Fig. 1b of the PDF version of this Article were inadvertently duplicated from Fig. 1a during the production process. The correct version of Fig. 1 appears below; the HTML version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.
Towards a Fair Marketplace (2018)

Two-sided marketplaces are platforms that have customers not only on the demand side (e.g. users), but also on the supply side (e.g. retailer, artists). While traditional recommender systems focused specifically towards increasing consumer satisfaction by providing relevant content to consumers, two-sided marketplaces face the problem of additionally optimizing for supplier preferences, and visibility. Indeed, the suppliers would want afair opportunity to be presented to users. Blindly optimizing for consumer relevance may have a detrimental impact on supplier fairness. Motivated by this problem, we focus on the trade-off between objectives of consumers and suppliers in the case of music streaming services, and consider the trade-off betweenrelevance of recommendations to the consumer (i.e. user) andfairness of representation of suppliers (i.e. artists) and measure their impact on consumersatisfaction.
Fragment- and structure-based drug discovery for developing therapeutic agents targeting the DNA Damage Response (2020)

Cancer will directly affect the lives of over one-third of the population. The DNA Damage Response (DDR) is an intricate system involving damage recognition, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and ultimately cell fate determination, playing a central role in cancer etiology and therapy. Two primary therapeutic approaches involving DDR targeting include: combinatorial treatments employing anticancer genotoxic agents; and synthetic lethality, exploiting a sporadic DDR defect as a mechanism for cancer-specific therapy. Whereas, many DDR proteins have proven "undruggable", Fragment- and Structure-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD, SBDD) have advanced therapeutic agent identification and development. FBDD has led to 4 (with ∼50 more drugs under preclinical and clinical development), while SBDD is estimated to have contributed to the development of >200, FDA-approved medicines. Protein X-ray crystallography-based fragment library screening, especially for elusive or "undruggable" targets, allows for simultaneous generation of hits plus details of protein-ligand interactions and binding sites (orthosteric or allosteric) that inform chemical tractability, downstream biology, and intellectual property. Using a novel high-throughput crystallography-based fragment library screening platform, we screened five diverse proteins, yielding hit rates of ∼2-8% and crystal structures from ∼1.8 to 3.2 Å. We consider current FBDD/SBDD methods and some exemplary results of efforts to design inhibitors against the DDR nucleases meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11, a.k.a., MRE11A), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1, a.k.a., APEX1), and flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1).
Organization‐dependent effects of toxic bivalent ions (2000)

The effects of bivalent ions on tubulin dynamics and the upper phase of glycolysis were investigated at different organization levels in vitro. Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and CrO4(2-) inhibit the tubulin polymerization at an IC50 of 14-24 microM with high cooperativity and also induce microtubule disassembly. The apparent binding constants of the ions to tubulin, estimated by fluorescence quenching, vary between 6 and 28 microM. BIAcore measurements for tubulin-tubulin interaction suggest that the presence of Cu2+ affects neither koff nor kon, but the amount of the bound tubulin. While the inhibitory effect of Cu2+ on tubulin polymerization is partially abolished by cross-linking of microtubules with substoichiometric amounts of phosphofructokinase or decoration of tubules with cytosolic proteins, in the presence of kinase but not with cytosolic proteins the tubules are resistant to CrO4(2-). No inhibitory effect of Cu2+ or CrO4(2-) on microtubule assembly was detected in the MAP-containing cytosolic fraction. Electron microscopy revealed that tubules assembled in the presence of Cu2+ or CrO4(2-) ions contain aggregates of thread-like oligomers that are less conspicuous in the presence of cytosolic proteins. Cu2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ inhibit the glycolytic flux in the cytosolic fraction characterized at equilibrium by an IC50 of 10-14 microM with high cooperativity. Tubulin diminishes the inhibitory effect of the cations. These data indicate that the responses elicited by the bivalent ions are highly dependent on the supramolecular organization of the systems.
Structure-activity relationships of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing gem-diaminoserine core unit. (1998)

Two series of peptidomimetics containing 1,1-diamino-2-hydroxyethane (gSer) core structure were prepared, from amino acid starting materials, and evaluated as inhibitors of HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 Pr). Asymmetrical pseudodipeptides, Y-Xaa-gSer-Y (Y = Z, Fmoc; Xaa = Cha, Phe, Tyr, Tic) showed weak inhibitory potency (IC50 > or = 5 mumol/l), whereas the corresponding pseudotripeptides displayed a more significant HIV-1 Pr inhibition: Fmoc-Tic-gSer-Tic-Fmoc (Fmoc = fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, Tic = 1,2,3,4-tetradroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) was the most potent compound of the series (IC50 = 385 nmol/l).
A Fast Tunable Microwave Filter with Ring Resonator Structure (2019)

In order to meet the requirements of fast tunable microwave filter, Similar to Fabry-Perot interferometer, a new tunable filter based on ring resonator is proposed in microwave band, the modulation speed reaches ns magnitude.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion For Civil Aircraft IRS/GPS/ILS Integrated Navigation System (2021)

The problem studied in this paper is that of multi-sensor data-fusion for aircraft navigation during approach and landing. Three different sensor groups, namely, Inertial Reference System (IRS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Instrument Landing System (ILS) are used complementarily to estimate aircraft 3D position in the final approach stage. The methodology takes advantage of set-membership tools and paves the way toward a new and simple online tuning of merging filter. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of validity and accuracy using real flight data provided by Airbus.
Meso- and macroporous materials modified with amines for CO2 storage (2014)

Adsorbents of a new type for CO2 absorption on amine-modified meso- and macroporous carriers are more efficient than amine water solutions. Their adsorption capacity with respect to CO2 reaches 13–15 wt %, they are recyclable, and the rates of CO2 absorption and evolution are higher than those for the liquid systems of CO2 storage.
Design and performance of a dual tuned 7 T proton/sodium breast coil (2017)

A dual-tuned radiofrequency coil was built for sodium ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">23</sup> Na) and proton ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the breast at 7T. For this purpose a four-channel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">23</sup> Na receive array and a single-channel transmit <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">23</sup> Na solenoid were built along with a single-channel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H transmit/receive solenoid. The developed coil, combined with optimized pulse sequences could provide diagnostic information in breast cancer and allow therapy monitoring.
Detection of low abundant mutations in DNA using single-molecule FRET and ligase detection reactions (2003)

New strategies for analyzing molecular signatures of disease states in real time using single pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) were developed to rapidly detect point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA (DNA diagnostics). The assay was carried out using allele-specific primers, which flanked the point mutation in the target gene fragment and were ligated using a thremostable ligase enzyme only when the genomic DNA carried this mutation (ligase detection reaction, LDR). We coupled LDR with spFRET to identify a single base mutation in codon 12 of a K-ras oncogene that has high diagnostic value for colorectal cancers. A simple diode laser-based fluorescence system capable of interrogating single fluorescent molecules undergoing FRET was used to detect photon bursts generated from the MB probes formed upon ligation. We demonstrated the ability to rapidly discriminate single base differences in heterogeneous populations having as little as 600 copies of human genomic DNA without PCR amplification. Single base difference in the K-ras gene was discriminated in less than 5 min at a frequency of 1 mutant DNA per 10 normals using only a single LDR thermal cycle of genomic DNA. Real time analyses of point mutations were also performed in PMMA microfluidic device.
Abstracts from the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Canadian Geriatrics Society, Montreal, April 2015 (2015)

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