gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantile-Function Based Null Distribution in Resampling Based Multiple Testing (2006)

Simultaneously testing a collection of null hypotheses about a data generating distribution based on a sample of independent and identically distributed observations is a fundamental and important statistical problem involving many applications. Methods based on marginal null distributions (i.e., marginal p-values) are attractive since the marginal p-values can be based on a user supplied choice of marginal null distributions and they are computationally trivial, but they, by necessity, are known to either be conservative or to rely on assumptions about the dependence structure between the test-statistics. Re-sampling based multiple testing (Westfall and Young, 1993) involves sampling from a joint null distribution of the test-statistics, and controlling (possibly in a, for example, step-down fashion) the user supplied type-I error rate under this joint null distribution for the test-statistics. A generally asymptotically valid null distribution avoiding the need for the subset pivotality condition for the vector of test-statistics was proposed in Pollard, van der Laan (2003) for null hypotheses about general real valued parameters. This null distribution was generalized in Dudoit, vanderLaan, Pollard (2004) to general null hypotheses and test-statistics. In ongoing recent work van der Laan, Hubbard (2005), we propose a new generally asymptotically valid null distribution for the test-statistics and a corresponding bootstrap estimate, whose marginal distributions are user supplied, and can thus be set equal to the (most powerful) marginal null distributions one would use in univariate testing to obtain a p-value. Previous proposed null distributions either relied on a restrictive subset pivotality condition (Westfall and Young) or did not guarantee this latter property (Dudoit, vanderLaan, Pollard, 2004). It is argued and illustrated that the resulting new re-sampling based multiple testing methods provide more accurate control of the wished Type-I error in finite samples and are more powerful. We establish formal results and investigate the practical performance of this methodology in a simulation and data analysis.
PVT and Aging Degradation Invariant Automated Optimization Approach for CMOS Low-Power High-Performance VLSI Circuits (2021)

In this paper, we aim at optimizing the leakage power and propagation delays using optimization algorithms like Glowworm Swarm Optimization and Neighbourhood Cultivation Genetic Algorithm, subjected to variations in Process, Voltage, Temperature and Aging degradation (PVTA) targeting low power or high performance applications. For high performance applications, we synthesize transistor sizes, at which the critical path delay in worst case PVT conditions with 3 years of NBTI aging degradation is optimized below the critical path delay (of initial sizing) at nominal conditions keeping power budget in bound. On the other hand, for low power applications, we obtain transistor sizing where leakage is reduced by more than 50%, keeping a bound on critical path delay. We have also proposed a step by step optimization method for optimizing complex cells. All the pre and post stress simulations are performed using HSPICE for 22nm Metal Gate High-K dielectric model parameters. The temperature range and the supply voltage ranges are -55 °C to 125 °C and 0.72V to 0.88V respectively. The process parameters are considered at ±3σ variation. The ingenuous working of the circuits for the obtained sizing is ensured by Monte Carlo analysis evaluating over entire range of process variations and operating conditions for the intended life time.
Practices of Jeddah Residents Regarding the Disposal of Unused and Expired Medications: A Community-Based Survey (2019)

Inappropriate disposal of stored medications leads to an increased risk of environmental toxicity. This study aims to examine practices of Jeddah residents with regard to disposing unused and/or expired medications and to view their opinions about the presence of drug take-back centres. Over a three-month period, 771 participants completed an online questionnaire, that focused on disposal methods and the importance of having drug retrieval centres. The data demonstrated that 91.57% of the participants reported discarding their expired medications in household waste, and 2.98% of them return their medications to hospitals or pharmacies. With respect to unused medications, 67.07% of the participants disposed of them in household waste, and only 10.84% donated their medications. This improper practice, however, contradicted the fact that 92.35% of the respondents were interested in knowing the appropriate methods of disposing. In addition, 90.66% agreed to the need for drug take-back centres. This study demonstrated that a low percentage of respondents knew about correct medication disposal. This emphasizes the need for the Ministry of Health, the pharmaceutical industry and pharmacies to collaborate on a national program about the proper methods of medication disposal and to initiate drug retrieval programs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Allylic Acetates by Asymmetric Dihydroxylation (ADH) Process: An Indication of .pi±pi. Interaction. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Automated Framework for Distributed Deep Learning–A Tool Demo (2022)

Split learning (SL) is a distributed deep-learning approach that enables individual data owners to train a shared model over their joint data without exchanging it with one another. SL has been the subject of much research in recent years, leading to the development of several versions for facilitating distributed learning. However, the majority of this work mainly focuses on optimizing the training process while largely ignoring the design and implementation of practical tool support. To fill this gap, we present our automated software framework for training deep neural networks from decentralized data based on our extended version of SL, termed Blind Learning. Specifically, we shed light on the underlying optimization algorithm, explain the design and implementation details of our framework, and present our preliminary evaluation results. We demonstrate that Blind Learning is 65% more computationally efficient than SL and can produce better performing models. Moreover, we show that running the same job in our framework is at least 4.5× faster than PySyft. Our goal is to spur the development of proper tool support for distributed deep learning.
New fabrication technology for ceramic metamaterials (2003)

Ceramic dielectric and magnetic composite metamaterials fabricated using indirect three-dimensional printing techniques and by a thermoplastic extrusion.
Ultrafast DPSS laser interaction with thin-film barrier stacks (2013)

The fast growing market of organic electronics, including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), stimulates the development of versatile technologies for structuring thin-film materials. Ultrafast diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) lasers have proven their full potential for patterning transparent conductors, but only few studies report on interaction with thin-film barrier layers. Indeed, in the case of flexible organic applications, thin-film barrier layers consisting of inorganic and sometimes inorganic/organic multi-layers are usually used for protection. This severely restricts the selection of suitable laser patterning conditions, as damaging the barrier stack will result in moisture and oxygen ingress, leading to accelerated device degradation. In this paper we present picosecond laser processes for selective patterning conductive polymers like poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), without damaging the barrier, as well as for selective patterning the top encapsulation, without damaging the anode or cathode contacts. Careful examination using optical profilometry, SEM and chemical surface analysis reveals the importance of the laser wavelength (1064nm, 532nm, 355nm), pulse duration, pulse frequency, pulse energy, spot size, laser fluence, and pulse overlap. The fundamental laser material interaction is discussed for thin-film material stacks, and the material removal is believed to be driven by photomechanical and photochemical processes. After optimisation of the individual processes, the development of generic subtractive laser processes for industrial OLED manufacturing is discussed, with focus on process quality and speed.
Molecular characterization of the commonly used human androgen receptor expression vector, pSG5‐AR (2004)

The above characteristics of the pSG5-AR are significant and may result in different regulation pattern of expression of the expressed AR in comparison to the endogenous gene. Such a conclusion is based on the knowledge that post-transcriptional regulation plays an important role in controlling the levels of AR in a cell. Such regulation is controlled by the regulatory elements within the 5'- and 3'-UTRs of the AR transcript. In addition, this vector might be coding for an AR with a different transactivational capacity than the endogenous AR gene. The transactivational activity of AR was shown to be affected by the size of the trinucleotide-repeat-regions (CAG and GGC) within the gene.
Is there a link between very early changes of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in 18F-FDG-PET/MRI and treatment response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy? (2020)

Response assessment or prediction to checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT) is an unsolved problem in current routine diagnostics of patients with melanoma. Here, we evaluated very early changes of primary and secondary lymphoid organs under CIT in multiparametric [<sup>18</sup>F]-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET)/MRI as possible predictors of treatment response and investigated their correlation with baseline blood immune biomarkers. Between October 2014 and November 2017, 17 patients with unresectable melanoma (8 females; 65±11 years) undergoing CIT were prospectively evaluated using whole-body <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/MRI before CIT start (t<sub>0</sub>), 2 weeks (t<sub>1</sub>) and 3 months after CIT initiation (t<sub>2</sub>). At each time point, the volume, the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-uptake and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the spleen as well as the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake of the bone marrow were assessed. Relative lymphocyte count (RLC), relative eosinophil count (REC) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were assessed at baseline. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours modified for immune-based therapeutics (iRECIST) and decisions from an interdisciplinary tumor board were used for treatment response evaluation at t<sub>2</sub> iRECIST was compared with PET response criteria in solid tumors for image-based response evaluation at different time points. Comparative analysis was conducted with Mann-Whitney U test with false discovery rate correction for multiple testing and correlation coefficients were computed. In lymphoid organs, significant differences (p<0.05) between responders (9/17) and non-responders were found for the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-uptake in the spleen at t<sub>1</sub> and the increase of the uptake t<sub>1</sub>-t<sub>0</sub> (responders/non-responders: standardized uptake value lean body mass 1.19/0.93; +49%/-1%). The best correlation coefficients to baseline biomarkers were found for the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-uptake in the spleen at t<sub>1</sub>: NLR, r=-0.46; RLC, r=0.43; REC, r=0.58 (p<0.05), respectively. Compared with the non-responder group, the responder group showed marked increases also in the volume of the spleen (+22%/+10%), the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-uptake of bone marrow (+31%/-9%) at t<sub>1</sub> and the ADCmean at t<sub>2</sub> (+46%/+15%) compared with t<sub>0</sub>, however, not reaching significance. Our findings indicate that an effective systemic immune response in patients undergoing CIT can be detected as a significantly increased spleen activity in <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET as early as 2 weeks after treatment initiation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03132090, DRKS00013925.
Nanoporous polymeric photonic crystals by emulsion holography (2009)

We report the holographic photopatterning of a microemulsion with a formamide polar phase and an acrylate monomer-containing nonpolar phase to produce polymer structures with periodic nanoscale porosity. Formamide is a highly polar solvent that forms well dispersed, nonaqueous emulsion droplets within the monomer-containing nonpolar phase before holographic patterning. Photochemically initiated polymerization of the nonpolar phase generates ordered structures defined by the holographic interference. Evaporation of the formamide from this lamellar structure yields a multilayered stack that acts as a photonic crystal (PC) with high optical reflectivity and a wide reflection bandwidth. The size of formamide droplets in the photopolymer fluid must be controlled to have a narrow distribution and peak near 60 nm to fabricate PC with high reflectivity. Addition of a sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) surfactant helps to stabilize the formamide microemulsion which further facilitates the formation of ordered nanopores with a uniform size.
Interplay of Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy Among Patients With Cancer and COVID-19 (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04354701.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reactions at Supercritical Conditions (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma by microsatellite analysis of Papanicolaou smears (2001)

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet it is clearly preventable by population screening. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has proved to be the most successful test for the detection of precancerous lesions and is largely responsible for the reduction of cervical cancer mortality and morbidity rates. However, the Pap smear is not perfect; false-negative results of various rates are reported. To improve the diagnostic efficacy of cervical cytology, we performed microsatellite analysis on paired Pap smear samples from cervical lesions. Nine microsatellite markers were chosen from chromosomal regions commonly displaying loss of heterozygostity (LOH) in cervical cancer and those displaying microsatellite instability (MI) in other squamous cell cancer. Microsatellite alterations were detected in 16/21 (76%) Pap smear DNA samples including 11 of 13 (85%) smears from invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 5 of 8 (63%) from squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Microsatellite alterations detected in the Pap smear DNA were identical to those identified in seven paired primary tumors available for analysis. Moreover, this molecular approach detected genetic alterations in two cases apparently negative by cytologic examination. None (0/25) of the control patients displayed microsatellite alterations in paired Pap smears. Microsatellite analysis of cervical cytologic samples may provide a complementary method to analyze suspicious but not diagnostic cytologic samples further. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pulsed field induced magnetization switching in (Ga,Mn)As (2008)

Up to now, all high frequency switching experiments on ferromagnetic semiconductors have involved light induced switching, which is not compatible with integrated circuits. We employed all-electrical techniques to study the response of (Ga,Mn)As to a magnetic field pulse. A field pulse was applied through a coplanar waveguide and the magnetization was read out by anisotropic magnetoresistance. We demonstrated that full magnetization switching by domain wall nucleation and propagation can be triggered by pulses as short as 800ps, combining the effect of the pulsed field and a heat-induced reduction of the coercive field.
Phosphorylation of the solubilized insulin receptor by the gene product of the Rous sarcoma virus, pp60src (1984)

Both the insulin receptor and the gene product of the Rous sarcoma virus, pp60src, are protein kinases which phosphorylate themselves and other proteins on tyrosine residues. Addition of the solubilized insulin receptor to purified pp60src increased the phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor. Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor by pp60src occurred both in the absence and presence of insulin but did not alter the insulin dose response for autophosphorylation of the receptor. Increasing concentrations of pp60src increased the phosphorylation of the receptor and at high concentrations equaled the maximal effect produced by insulin. Our observations suggest a possible mechanism by which the metabolically regulated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase could be altered by other tyrosine kinases such as that associated with pp60src. Further studies will be required to determine if the insulin receptor is phosphorylated by pp60src in Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells.
3D Monolithic Metal Orifice Plate for SERS Application: A Showcase of Low Cost MEMS Packaging (2017)

Electroplating is a low cost process where metal ions in a solution are reduced by an applied electric field onto a conductive substrate. This process has been studied extensively, but is still critical for modern technology and R&D. In the HP inkjet printing business, electroplating is primarily used in the manufacturing the orifice plate (OP) for integrated print-head products. To extend the OP functionality, a novel cost-effective three-dimensional (3D) OP has been developed to address numerous micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) applications, including surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
MAR-Mediated Dystrophin Expression in Mesoangioblasts for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cell Therapy (2015)

A cornerstone of autologous cell therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the engineering of suitable cells to express dystrophin in a stable fashion upon differentiation to muscle fibers. Most viral transduction methods are typically restricted to the expression of truncated recombinant dystrophin derivatives and by the risk of insertional mutagenesis, while non-viral vectors often suffer from inefficient transfer, expression and/or silencing.
Reinforced preform and method for molding (2023)

A reinforced preform includes a sheet of reinforced material having opposed first and second edges, with each edge having a respective first connection point located therealong. The preform also includes first and second tethers, with each tether being attached at a respective first end thereof to a respective one of the first connection points and having a respective second end thereof terminating in at least one of: a respective loop tied at the respective second end, a respective knot tied at the respective second end, a respective graspable member to which the respective second end is connected, and an attachment to a respective second connection point located along a perimeter of the sheet. A method and mold for molding a reinforced preform are also disclosed.
High-throughput identification of G protein-coupled receptor modulators through affinity mass spectrometry screening (2018)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class of cell surface proteins and thus constitute an important family of therapeutic targets. Therefore, significant effort has been put towards the identification of novel ligands that can modulate the activity of a GPCR target with high efficacy and selectivity. However, due to limitations inherent to the most common techniques for GPCR ligand discovery, there is a pressing need for more efficient and effective ligand screening methods especially for the identification of potential allosteric modulators. Here we present a high-throughput, label-free and unbiased screening approach for the identification of small molecule ligands towards GPCR targets based on affinity mass spectrometry. This new approach features the usage of target-expressing cell membranes rather than purified proteins for ligand screening and allows the detection of both orthosteric and allosteric ligands targeting specific GPCRs. Screening a small compound library with this approach led to the rapid discovery of an antagonist for the 5-HT receptor and four positive allosteric modulators for GLP-1 receptor that were not previously reported.
Figure S6 from Nanoconjugation of PSMA-Targeting Ligands Enhances Perinuclear Localization and Improves Efficacy of Delivered Alpha-Particle Emitters against Tumor Endothelial Analogues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Viability (evaluated after one doubling time) of PSMA-positive HUVEC as a function of delivered radioactivity per cell.&lt;/p&gt;
Multichannel environmental sound segmentation (2021)

Abstract This paper proposes a multichannel environmental sound segmentation method. Environmental sound segmentation is an integrated method to achieve sound source localization, sound source separation and classification, simultaneously. When multiple microphones are available, spatial features can be used to improve the localization and separation accuracy of sounds from different directions; however, conventional methods have three drawbacks: (a) Sound source localization and sound source separation methods using spatial features and classification using spectral features trained in the same neural network, may overfit to the relationship between the direction of arrival and the class of a sound, thereby reducing their reliability to deal with novel events. (b) Although permutation invariant training used in autonomous speech recognition could be extended, it is impractical for environmental sounds that include an unlimited number of sound sources. (c) Various features, such as complex values of short time Fourier transform and interchannel phase differences have been used as spatial features, but no study has compared them. This paper proposes a multichannel environmental sound segmentation method comprising two discrete blocks, a sound source localization and separation block and a sound source separation and classification block. By separating the blocks, overfitting to the relationship between the direction of arrival and the class is avoided. Simulation experiments using created datasets including 75-class environmental sounds showed the root mean squared error of the proposed method was lower than that of conventional methods.
Use of high-density activation and voltage mapping in combination with entrainment to delineate gap-related atrial tachycardias post atrial fibrillation ablation (2020)

High-resolution activation mapping in combination with high-density voltage and entrainment mapping is the ideal strategy to delineate the critical part of the circuit in endocardial gap-related re-entrant AT after AF ablation.