gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reporting individual surgeon outcomes does not lead to risk aversion in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery (2017)

INTRODUCTION Reporting surgeons' outcomes has recently been introduced in the UK. This has the potential to result in surgeons becoming risk averse. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reporting outcomes for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery impacts on the number and risk profile (level of fitness) of patients offered elective treatment. METHODS Publically available National Vascular Registry data were used to compare the number of AAAs treated in those centres across the UK that reported outcomes for the periods 2008-2012, 2009-2013 and 2010-2014. Furthermore, the number and characteristics of patients referred for consideration of elective AAA repair at a single tertiary unit were analysed yearly between 2010 and 2014. Clinic, casualty and theatre event codes were searched to obtain all AAAs treated. The results of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were assessed. RESULTS For the 85 centres that reported outcomes in all three five-year periods, the median number of AAAs treated per unit increased between the periods 2008-2012 and 2010-2014 from 192 to 214 per year (p=0.006). In the single centre cohort study, the proportion of patients offered elective AAA repair increased from 74% in 2009-2010 to 81% in 2013-2014, with a maximum of 84% in 2012-2013. The age, aneurysm size and CPET results (anaerobic threshold levels) for those eventually offered elective treatment did not differ significantly between 2010 and 2014. CONCLUSIONS The results do not support the assumption that reporting individual surgeon outcomes is associated with a risk averse strategy regarding patient selection in aneurysm surgery at present.
Generalized Spectral Magnitude and Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Self-Referenced Multiheterodyne Detection (2013)

An algorithm for self-referenced spectral magnitude and phase retrieval of both optical frequency combs from a dual-comb multiheterodyne interferogram is rigorously defined. The algorithm is generalized to allow for the repetition rates of the two combs to be significantly different which allows for a reduction in required RF bandwidth. The validity of the algorithm is confirmed with an experimental demonstration.
Core−Shell Morphology in Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) Copolymer Gels Induced by Restricted Diffusion of Surfactant (2001)

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of copolymer gels of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) and poly(acryloyl aminoacids) and their interaction with anionic surfactant, namely, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). While we were studying the swelling behavior of these copolymer gels in SDS solutions, we observed core−shell morphology in the swollen gels along with two discontinuous volume transitions. Such morphologies have potential applications in drug delivery systems. We provide a mechanistic interpretation of these new observations on the basis of electrostatic charge repulsion and restricted diffusion of surfactant into the gel.
Query Understanding for Natural Language Enterprise Search (2020)

Natural Language Search (NLS) extends the capabilities of search engines that perform keyword search allowing users to issue queries in a more "natural" language. The engine tries to understand the meaning of the queries and to map the query words to the symbols it supports like Persons, Organizations, Time Expressions etc.. It, then, retrieves the information that satisfies the user's need in different forms like an answer, a record or a list of records. We present an NLS system we implemented as part of the Search service of a major CRM platform. The system is currently in production serving thousands of customers. Our user studies showed that creating dynamic reports with NLS saved more than 50% of our user's time compared to achieving the same result with navigational search. We describe the architecture of the system, the particularities of the CRM domain as well as how they have influenced our design decisions. Among several submodules of the system we detail the role of a Deep Learning Named Entity Recognizer. The paper concludes with discussion over the lessons learned while developing this product.
Reversible Assembly of Colloidal Particles Using Low Frequency Pulsed DC Electric Fields (2016)

We present the reversible assembly of colloidal nanoparticles in organic solvents using low voltage and low frequency pulsed DC electric fields. Commercially available and custom nanoparticles (diameter ~ 50-200 nm) were suspended in organic solvents at concentrations of 0.25-50 wt% and sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes of spacing 25 μm-2mm. Using square waves of frequency 0.25-5 Hz, voltages 0.5-5V, and DC offset 0.25-2.5V, colloidal suspensions were actuated for switchable contrast. Upon switching off the electric field, the assembled nanoparticles are able to resuspend within seconds. Using patterned electrodes, lateral electromigration of the particles was demonstrated. Depletion of the particles to the electrode regions resulted in transparency in the non-patterned regions. The distinct contrast generated can be exploited for tunable display applications. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-679931.
Polymerase chain reaction‐based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in the evaluation of oral microbiota (2006)

PCR-based DGGE has been shown to be an excellent means of rapidly and accurately assessing oral microbial changes in this clinical study.
“Clicked” plasmonic core–satellites: covalently assembled gold nanoparticles (2012)

In this communication, we describe the covalent assembly of gold nanoparticles into core-satellite clusters using the "cream of the crop" Click reaction, namely, azide-alkyne Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm the successful "Click" between the plasmonic cores and satellites.
Vascular and Interventional Radiology / Radiologie vasculaire et radiologie d'intervention Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Evaluation by Ultrasound, Computed Tomography Angiography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Overview (2014)

Ischemic syndromes associated with carotid atherosclerotic disease are often related to plaque rupture. The benefit of endarterectomy for high-grade carotid stenosis in symptomatic patients has been established. However, in asymptomatic patients, the benefit of endarterectomy remains equivocal. Current research seeks to risk stratify asymptomatic patients by characterizing vulnerable, rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques. Plaque composition, biology, and biomechanics are studied by noninvasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography. These techniques are at a developmental stage and have yet to be used in clinical practice. This review will describe noninvasive techniques in ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography imaging modalities used to characterize atherosclerotic plaque, and will discuss their potential clinical applications, benefits, and drawbacks.
Measurement of prompt hadron production ratios in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9\mbox{ and }7~\mathrm{TeV}$ (2012)

The charged-particle production ratios p/p, K -/K + , -/ + , (p + p)/( + + -), (K + + K -)/( + + -) and (p + p)/(K + + K -) are measured with the LHCb detector using 0.3 nb -1 of pp collisions delivered by the LHC at s = 0.9 TeV and 1.8 nb -1 at s = 7 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum p T and pseudorapidity . The production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all observables. The ratio p/p is also considered as a function of rapidity loss, y y beamy, and is used to constrain models of baryon transport.
Automatic Speech Recognition System Development in the "Wild" (2018)

The standard framework for developing an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system is to generate training and development data for building the system, and evaluation data for the final performance analysis. All the data is assumed to come from the domain of interest. Though this framework is matched to some tasks, it is more challenging for systems that are required to operate over broad domains, or where the ability to collect the required data is limited. This paper discusses ASR work performed under the IARPA MATERIAL program, which is aimed at cross-language information retrieval, and examines this challenging scenario. In terms of available data, only limited narrow-band conversational telephone speech data was provided. However, the system is required to operate over a range of domains, including broadcast data. As no data is available for the broadcast domain, this paper proposes an approach for system development based on scraping "related" data from the web, and using ASR system confidence scores as the primary metric for developing the acoustic and language model components. As an initial evaluation of the approach, the Swahili development language is used, with the final system performance assessed on the IARPA MATERIAL Analysis Pack 1 data.
Sinus Microanatomy and Microbiota in a Rabbit Model of Rhinosinusitis (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Rabbits are useful for preclinical studies of sinusitis because of similar physiologic features to humans. The objective of this study is to develop a rabbit model of sinusitis that permits assessment of microanatomy and sampling for evaluating shifts in the sinus microbiota during the development of sinusitis and to test how the mucociliary clearance (MCC) defect might lead to dysbiosis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). <b>Methods:</b> Generation of CRS was accomplished with an insertion of a sterile sponge into the left middle meatus of New Zealand white rabbits (<i>n</i> = 9) for 2 weeks. After sponge removal, 4 rabbits were observed for another 10 weeks and evaluated for CRS using endoscopy, microCT, visualization of the functional micro-anatomy by micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT), and histopathological analysis of the sinus mucosa. Samples were taken from the left middle meatus and submitted for microbiome analysis. <b>Results:</b> CT demonstrated opacification of all left sinuses at 2 weeks in all rabbits (<i>n</i> = 9), which persisted in animals followed for another 12 weeks (<i>n</i> = 4). Histology at week 2 showed mostly neutrophils. On week 14, significant infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes was noted with increased submucosal glands compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Functional microanatomy at 2 weeks showed diminished periciliary layer (PCL) depth (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and mucus transport (<i>p</i> = 0.0044) compared to controls despite a thick mucus layer. By 12 weeks, the thickened mucus layer was resolved but PCL depletion persisted in addition to decreased ciliary beat frequency (CBF; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The mucin fermenting microbes (<i>Lactobacillales, Bacteroidales</i>) dominated on week 2 and there was a significant shift to potential pathogens (e.g., <i>Pseudomonas, Burkholderia</i>) by week 14 compared to both controls and the acute phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> We anticipate this reproducible model will provide a means for identifying underlying mechanisms of airway-surface liquid (ASL) depletion and fundamental changes in sinus microbial communities that contribute to the development of CRS. The rabbit model of sinusitis exhibited diminished PCL depth with delayed mucus transport and significant alterations and shift in the sinus microbiome during the development of chronic inflammation.
Circulating Dickkopf1 Parallels Metabolic Adaptations and Predicts Disease Trajectories in Patients With COVID-19 (2022)

Our study suggests a potential clinical use of circulating DKK1 as a predictor of disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19. These results require validation in additional cohorts.
Performance of antenna array receivers in autoregressive flat fading channels (2002)

In this paper, we make use of our general results on tracking fast fading channels to study several important special cases to provide insights and explore connections with well known existing results. The following special cases are considered: quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels, fast Rician fading channels and fully correlated fast Rayleigh fading channels. In particular, the role of channel estimation errors, antenna correlation and user signal correlation on detector performance are quantified. In addition, we quantify the effect of the number of training symbols on the performance of our MAP receiver with a Kalman filter. Finally, we compare our MAP receiver with two other adaptive receivers, the adaptive channel predictor and the adaptive MMSE combiner. The study uses a combination of analysis and simulations.
Unexpected Highly Chemoselective Anodic ortho‐Coupling Reaction of2,4‐Dimethylphenol on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes (2006)

Abstract Anodic conversion of 2,4‐dimethylphenol on boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes under solvent‐free conditions results in an unusual highly selective formation of the desired 2,2′‐biphenol, representing the best electrochemical synthesis for this particular compound. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
0206 Evaluation of Damping Properties of Composite Mount using Maxwell Model (2007)

A mount, which combines air-spring with viscous fluid is designed. In this mount, air-spring generates the dynamic stiffness, and shearing of viscous fluid generates the loss stiffness. The conceptual purposes are to adjust a neutral position easily by changing the pressure of the air-spring and to prevent a rapid drop of the damping performance from the stationary characteristics in case of excess load. The purpose of this research is to evaluate damping properties of the composite mount. First, the dynamic characteristics of the composite mount are obtained by excitation tests of the mount itself. But the characteristics might not be identified by the standard mechanical model accuracy because they depend on not only excitation frequency but also amplitude. So the nonlinear dynamic characteristics are identified using five-element Maxwell model with a variable parameter. Finally, the composite mount is compared with the viscous mount by the simulation using the identified model, and the damping performance quantitatively indicated.
Biomarkers in kidney and heart disease (2010)

There is much symptomatic similarity between acute kidney disease and acute heart disease. Both may present with shortness of breath and chest discomfort, and thus it is not surprising that biomarkers of acute myocardial and renal disease often coexist in many physicians' diagnostic work-up schedules. In this review we explore the similarities and differences between current and future tests of myocardial and renal injury and function, with particular emphasis on the diagnostic utility of currently available biomarkers to assist with the diagnosis of cardiorenal syndromes. Imaging studies have not traditionally been viewed as clinical biomarkers, but as tests of structure and function; they contribute to the diagnostic process, and we believe that they should be considered alongside more traditional biomarkers such as blood and urine measurements of circulating proteins and metabolites. We discuss the place of natriuretic peptides, novel tests of kidney damage as well as kidney function and conclude with a discussion of their place in guiding future research studies whose goals must include better characterization of the degree of dysfunction imposed on one organ system by failure of the other.
Assessment of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype Tropism in Human Retinal Explants (2017)

Advances in the discovery of the causes of monogenic retinal disorders, combined with technologies for the delivery of DNA to the retina, offer enormous opportunities for the treatment of previously untreatable blinding diseases. However, for gene augmentation to be most effective, vectors that have the correct cell-type specificity are needed. While animal models are very useful, they often exhibit differences in retinal cell surface receptors compared to the human retina. This study evaluated the use of an ex vivo organotypic explant system to test the transduction efficiency and tropism of seven different adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) serotypes in the human retina and retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/4, AAV2/5, AAV2/6, AAV2/8, and AAV2/9-all driving expression of GFP under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. After 7 days in culture, it was found that AAV2/4 and AAV2/5 were particularly efficient at transducing photoreceptor cells and that AAV2/5 was highly specific to the outer nuclear layer, whereas AAV2/8 displayed consistently low transduction of photoreceptors. To validate the authenticity of the organotypic culture system, the transduction of the same set of AAVs was also compared in a pig model, in which sub-retinal injections in vivo were compared to cultured and transduced organotypic cultures ex vivo. This study shows how different AAV serotypes behave in the human retina and provides insight for further investigation of each of these serotypes for gene augmentation-based treatment of inherited retinal degeneration.
Induction of LFA-1 on pluripotent CD34+ bone marrow cells does not affect lineage commitment (1996)

Leukocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an adhesion molecule indispensable in immune and inflammatory reactions, but its role in hematopoiesis remains obscure. Since LFA-1 is predominantly expressed by leukocytes, it is considered as a marker of late stage stem cell maturation when expressed on CD34+ bone marrow cells, and represents more mature hematopoietic progenitor cells. We observed that freshly isolated CD34+ bone marrow cells express LFA-1, and that the level of expression is highly variable. Interestingly, the expression of LFA-1 specific activation epitope L16 on these cells is low, even after culture. This demonstrates the LFA-1 is not activated, as was confirmed by low adhesion to ICAM-1. Culturing sorted CD34+ LFA-1+ cells in single cell per well assays in medium supplemented with SCF, Epo, IL-3, Il-6, GM-CSF, and G-CSF revealed that they gave rise to dispersed macrophage-like colonies, supporting the notion that CD34+LFA-1+ cells indeed consist of a mature committed cell population. In contrast, sorted CD34+LFA-1- cells had high proliferative potential and developed into large multilineage colonies within 14 days of culture. Unanticipated, in time course experiments we observed that these CD34+LFA-1- cells expressed LFA-1 within 24 hours upon culture. This induction was neither caused by the monoclonal antibody used to tag CD34 cells, nor dependent on growth factors present in the medium. These findings demonstrate that two populations of CD34+LFA-1+ cells can be discriminated: leukocyte lineage committed CD34+ cells in freshly isolated bone marrow cells, and multipotent CD34+ cells that acquired LFA-1 upon in vitro culture. These in vitro findings support the hypothesis that once contacts with bone marrow stroma are lost, LFA-1 is upregulated by default, due to the lack of negative regulating signals from stromal cells. This might also explain the widely variable expression of LFA-1 as a result of crowding of cells in the bone marrow with subsequent loss of contact with stroma and upregulation of LFA-1, providing those cells with adhesion receptors enabling migration in the periphery.
Multi‐instrument characterization of HiPIMS and DC magnetron sputtered tungsten and copper films (2020)

In this work, copper and tungsten were sputtered onto silicon wafers by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and high‐power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The resulting films were characterized by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). By EDX and XPS, all the sputtered films showed only the expected metal peaks. By XPS, the surfaces sputtered by DCMS were richer in oxygen than those produced by HiPIMS. By AFM, the surfaces were quite smooth. The root mean square (RMS) roughness values are as follows: 0.83 nm (W, HiPIMS), 1.10 nm (W, DCMS), 0.85 nm (Cu, HiPIMS), and 1.78 nm (Cu, DCMS). By SEM, the HiPIMS films exhibited smaller grain sizes, which was confirmed by XRD. The crystallite sizes estimated by XRD are as follows: 4 nm (W, body‐centered cubic, HiPIMS), 13 nm (W, body‐centered cubic, DCMS), 7 nm (W, cubic, HiPIMS), 14 nm (W, cubic, DCMS), 25 nm (Cu, HiPIMS), and 35 nm (Cu, DCMS). By SE, the HiPIMS surfaces showed higher refractive indices, which suggested that they were denser and less oxidized than the DCMS surfaces.
Augmentation of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect with Nitric Oxide–Generating Agents Improves the Therapeutic Effects of Nanomedicines (2018)

Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-based nanomedicine is a promising strategy for successful anticancer therapy. The EPR effect is based on tumor blood flow. Because advanced large tumors, as frequently seen in clinical settings, are heterogeneous, with regions of defective vasculature and blood flow, achieving the desired tumor drug delivery is difficult. Here, we utilized the EPR effect to increase drug delivery. To augment the EPR effect for improved therapeutic effects of nanomedicine, we exploited vascular mediators-the nitric oxide (NO) generators nitroglycerin (NG), hydroxyurea, and l-arginine. These compounds generate NO in tumors with relatively high selectivity. Using different nanosized drugs in our protocol significantly increased (1.5-2 times) delivery of nanomedicines to different solid tumor models, along with markedly improving (2-3-fold) the antitumor effects of these drugs. Also, in 7,12-dimethylbenz[<i>a</i>]anthracene-induced advanced end-stage breast cancer, often seen in clinical settings, 2 mg/kg polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP) with NG (0.2 mg/mouse) showed better effects than did 5 mg/kg P-THP, and 5 mg/kg P-THP used with NG resulted in cures or stable tumors (no tumor growth) for up to 120 days. Moreover, in a murine autochthonous azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer model, NO donors markedly improved the therapeutic effects of P-THP even after just one injection, results that were comparable with those achieved with three weekly P-THP treatments. These findings strongly suggest the potential usefulness of NO donors as EPR effect enhancers to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines.
Supplementary Tables 1-4 from Effects of HER Family–targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flow cytometry MFI and % positive cells data for fluorescently labelled trastuzumab and pertuzumab in SKBR3, HCC1954, T47D and MCF-7 treated with TKIs&lt;/p&gt;