gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural networks for short-term load forecasting: a review and evaluation (2001)

Load forecasting has become one of the major areas of research in electrical engineering, and most traditional forecasting models and artificial intelligence techniques have been tried out in this task. Artificial neural networks (NNs) have lately received much attention, and a great number of papers have reported successful experiments and practical tests with them. Nevertheless, some authors remain skeptical, and believe that the advantages of using NNs in forecasting have not been systematically proved yet. In order to investigate the reasons for such skepticism, this review examines a collection of papers (published between 1991 and 1999) that report the application of NNs to short-term load forecasting. Our aim is to help to clarify the issue, by critically evaluating the ways in which the NNs proposed in these papers were designed and tested.
Mechanical computation for passive force control (2002)

It is shown that a passive robotic wrist, of fixed mechanical design, can be programmed to execute a wide range of force control laws useful in automated assembly. A systematic characterization of the range of control laws (given by accommodation matrices) implementable by passive programmable hydraulic devices carried out. The authors use electrical network theory results to identify the accommodation matrices that are available in the joint-space of the wrist. These matrices are projected onto the task-space, and the range of task-space matrices is compared with a known class of matrices in an attempt to quantify the usefulness of passive devices. For simplicity, hydraulic networks consisting of tunable dampers are considered. It is shown that a broad range of accommodation matrices may be synthesized by passive devices with programmable parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase formation and stability of reactive sputtered zirconium dioxide thin films (2016)

As materials properties are greatly influenced by their phase constitution, therefore it's of high importance to understand and address the mechanisms driving their phase formation and stability. In this respect, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has been the focus of a special attention for the last couple of decades regarding the stabilization of its cubic (c) phase at room temperature. In the present study, the role of the film chemistry i.e. of oxygen vacancies and of energy deposited during the film growth is investigated. To this purpose, 100 nm thick films of zirconium oxide are grown in the poisoned mode as well as in the transition zone with the help of voltage feedback control unit (Speedflo mini from Gencoa UK). During the film growth, to have a fast response from the feedback unit and thus a tight control over the film chemistry (i.e. O/Zr ratio), oxygen is injected just at the target surface. By systematically varying the working parameters, it is observed that for films grown at 200 mA, 10 mTorr in the poisoned mode, the XRD diffractograms only exhibits reflections from the low-temperature stable monoclinic (m) phase. To the contrary, while working inside the transition zone i.e. by growing sub-stoichiometric zirconium oxide thin films as demonstrated by careful elemental characterization, the film phase is dramatically modified and only the c reflections are observed. Theoretical calculations at the Density Functional Theory level are in remarkable agreement with the experimental data, hence highlighting that the incorporation of oxygen vacancies is the sole responsible mechanism for the stabilization of the c-phase. It is also observed that any deviation from the optimized working conditions i.e. change in discharge current or pressure leads to the change in film phase constitution. Thermal annealing analysis performed in air and N2 shows the oxygen vacancy stabilized zirconia films are stable up-to 750 C. Above 750 C, the mechanical stress, generated in the film due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of both the zirconia film and the substrate, apparently surpasses a critical value and leads to the appearance of m-phase. In conclusion, c-phase of zirconia can be stabilized at room temperature (up to 750°C) by solely incorporating oxygen vacancies in the zirconia lattice. However, increasing the energy flux during film growth or the mechanical stress may induce the transformation of the oxygen vacancy stabilized cubic phase of zirconia into the m-phase.
Learning Fluid Flows (2018)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are able to produce complex and large outputs that accurately describe the physical properties of fluids and gases in various domains, such as air flow around a car, or the multi-phase flow inside an internal combustion engine. The simulation results, i.e. the flow fields, are often too complex to be analyzed directly. With the increasing number of simulations as well as their complexity, there is a need of automated processes that can analyze these complex outputs. In this paper, inspired by the success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in Computer Vision, we apply for the first time CNNs on CFD output. We show their capabilities in capturing and processing flow patterns. Furthermore, we design a novel CNN architecture tailored to the data produced by CFD simulations, as well as two conventional architectures and compare them. We propose and construct a new dataset of turbulent flow, within the application domain of steady flow around passenger cars. We use that dataset to evaluate and compare the proposed methods, on different tasks that depend on flow patterns. Finally, we compare our methods with a baseline k-nearest neighbor approach, tuned to be comparable to the state-of-the-art.
Study of shellac glycerol esters as microencapsulating materials (1989)

Shellac esters were prepared by heating shellac with glycerol and intermediate reaction products were withdrawn. Salicyclic acid granules were encapsulated using a 20 per cent w/v alcoholic solution of shellac and shellac esters. The coated microcapsules were evaluated for moisture absorption, flow properties, and dissolution studies. The drug release from coated granules was seen to depend upon the acid value of the esters. Results indicate that shellac esters could be better encapsulating material than shellac in sustained release formulation.
Spectroscopic Tracking of Molecular Transport Junctions Generated by Using Click Chemistry (2009)

Click to fill the gap: The in situ modular fabrication of molecular transport junctions in nanogaps generated by on-wire lithography is achieved by using click chemistry (see picture). The formation of molecular junctions proceeds in high yields and can be used to test different molecules; the triazole group also maintains conjugation in the molecular wires. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the molecular assembly processes.
Mobile Sources in an Information-Centric Network with Hierarchical Names : An Indirection Approach (2011)

We propose and demonstrate a new method for evaluating the afterpulsing effect in single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs). By analyzing the statistical property of dark count rate, we can quantitatively characterize afterpulsing probability (APP) of a SPAD. In experiment, the temperature-dependent low dark count rate (DCR) distribution becomes non-Poissonian at lower temperature and has higher excess bias as the afterpulsing effect becomes significant. Our work provides a flexible way to examine APP in either single-device or circuit level.
Ni-Catalysed Intramolecular [4+4]-cycloadditions of bis-dienes towards eight-membered fused bicyclic systems: a combined experimental and computational study (2018)

Nickel(0) complexes derived from electron-rich triarylphosphines as efficient catalysts for intramolecular [4+4]-cycloadditions of an array of structurally diverse bis-dienes.
Molecular Targeting of Cancer-Associated PCNA Interactions in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using a Cell-Penetrating Peptide (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a particularly difficult cancer to treat due to a lack of effective screening or treatment. Pancreatic cancer cells exhibit high proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, which is associated with poor prognosis. PCNA, an important nuclear DNA replication and repair protein, regulates a myriad of proteins via the interdomain connector loop. Within this region, amino acids 126-133 are critical for PCNA interactions in cancer cells. Here, we investigate the ability of a decoy cell-penetrating peptide, R9-caPeptide, that mimics the interdomain connector loop region of PCNA to disrupt PCNA-protein interactions in pancreatic cancer cells. Our data suggest that R9-caPeptide causes dose-dependent toxicity in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines by inhibiting DNA replication fork progression and PCNA-regulated DNA repair, ultimately causing lethal DNA damage. Overall, these studies lay the foundation for novel therapeutic strategies that target PCNA in pancreatic cancer.
Patterns of wave break during ventricular fibrillation in isolated swine right ventricle (2001)

Several different patterns of wave break have been described by mapping of the tissue surface during fibrillation. However, it is not clear whether these surface patterns are caused by multiple distinct mechanisms or by a single mechanism. To determine the mechanism by which wave breaks are generated during ventricular fibrillation, we conducted optical mapping studies and single cell transmembrane potential recording in six isolated swine right ventricles (RV). Among 763 episodes of wave break (0.75 times x s(-1) x cm(-2)), optical maps showed three patterns: 80% due to a wave front encountering the refractory wave back of another wave, 11.5% due to wave fronts passing perpendicular to each other, and 8.5% due to a new (target) wave arising just beyond the refractory tail of a previous wave. Computer simulations of scroll waves in three-dimensional tissue showed that these surface patterns could be attributed to two fundamental mechanisms: head-tail interactions and filament break. We conclude that during sustained ventricular fibrillation in swine RV, surface patterns of wave break are produced by two fundamental mechanisms: head-tail interaction between waves and filament break.
Polymer therapeutics at a crossroads? Finding the path for improved translation in the twenty-first century (2017)

Despite the relatively small early investment, first generation 'polymer therapeutics' have been remarkably successful with more than 25 products licenced for human use as polymeric drugs, sequestrants, conjugates, and as an imaging agent. Many exhibit both clinical and commercial success with new concepts already in clinical trials. Nevertheless after four decades of evolution, this field is arriving at an important crossroads. Over the last decade, the landscape has changed rapidly. There are an increasing number of failed clinical trials, the number of 'copy' and 'generic' products is growing (danger of ignoring the biological rationale for design and suppression of innovation), potential drawbacks of PEG are becoming more evident, and the 'nanomedicine' boom has brought danger of loss of scientific focus/hype. Grasping opportunities provided by advances in understanding of the patho-physiology and molecular basis of diseases, new polymer/conjugate synthetic and analytical methods, as well as the large database of clinical experience will surely ensure a successful future for innovative polymer therapeutics. Progress will, however, be in jeopardy if polymer safety is overlooked in respect of the specific route of administration/clinical use, poorly characterised materials/formulations are used to define biological or early clinical properties, and if clinical trial protocols fail to select patients most likely to benefit from these macromolecular therapeutics. Opportunities to improve clinical trial design for polymer-anticancer drug conjugates are discussed. This short personal perspective summarises some of the important challenges facing polymer therapeutics in R&D today, and future opportunities to improve successful translation.
Novel Hybrid Modulation Schemes Significantly Extending the Reactive Power Control Range of All Matrix Converter Topologies With Low Computational Effort (2011)

A novel approach based on indirect modulation, which significantly extends the reactive power control range for three-phase ac-ac matrix converters (MCs; applicable to all matrix topologies) and which is implementable with lowest computational effort, is proposed. This new method denoted as hybrid modulation facilitates the formation of reactive input current also for purely reactive load. The derivation of the modulation schemes, which rely on a decoupling of the output voltage and the reactive input current formation, is described in detail. Furthermore, the operating limits, i.e., the maximum reactive input current that could be formed for the given output voltage amplitude and load current amplitude, are determined. Finally, all theoretical considerations are verified by measurements taken on a 6.5-kW Very Sparse MC.
Optimized subsampling frequency selection for nonlinear systems (2014)

Due to the presence of intermodulation products, a nonlinear system driven by a band pass signal will generate at its output a set of undesired signal bands. When detecting such signals using subsampling, one has to take into consideration these distortions in order to successfully down convert the signal of interest. Even though we are only interested in one band, the available spectrum configuration requires the use of multiband subsampling theory which leads to very tight constraint on the possible subsampling frequency ranges. In this paper a modified version of the multiband subsampling algorithm is presented. This proposed solution is more adapted to nonlinear systems and helps relax the constraints on sampling frequency.
Short- and Long-Term Performance of the Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis (TFC-FO) Hollow Fiber Membranes for Oily Wastewater Purification (2014)

Fouling behavior of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes synthesized on sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (sPPSU) hollow fiber substrates was investigated for separating oil–water emulsions under forward osmosis (FO). The water and salt reverse fluxes of the TFC-FO hollow fiber membranes were found to be stable for a period of 28 days when deionized (DI) water was used as feed. A series of fouling experiments were carried out, and it was observed that water flux decreased faster with increasing oil concentration of the feed solution. In addition, the rate of flux decline was rapid in the initial few hours, because of the cake-enhanced concentration polarization (CECP). Furthermore, we observed that the ratio of salt reverse flux to water flux (Js/Jw) was much lower, compared to that of using DI water as feed. This may indicate that the oil fouling plugs some defects in the selective layer and the oil fouling layer hinders the salt transport, because of the CECP mechanism. Further investigations revealed that the FO fouling could be efficiently washed off using a solution containing 1 g/L NaOH and 0.3 g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the water flux could be effectively recovered, to a large extent, within 5 days when separating a 500 ppm oil–water emulsion. Overall, the newly developed FO membranes can recover ∼80% of the water at a high average water flux of 10.4 LMH using 1 M NaCl as draw solution from a 500 ppm oil–water emulsion containing a low salt concentration of 0.5 g/L. This, in turn, demonstrates the potential of the FO membranes for oily wastewater reclamation.
Propagating Quantum Microwaves: Towards Applications in Communication and Sensing (2022)

The field of propagating quantum microwaves has started to receive considerable attention in the past few years. Motivated at first by the lack of an efficient microwave-to-optical platform that could solve the issue of secure communication between remote superconducting chips, current efforts are starting to reach other areas, from quantum communications to sensing. Here, we attempt at giving a state-of-the-art view of the two, pointing at some of the technical and theoretical challenges we need to address, and while providing some novel ideas and directions for future research. Hence, the goal of this paper is to provide a bigger picture, and -- we hope -- to inspire new ideas in quantum communications and sensing: from open-air microwave quantum key distribution to direct detection of dark matter, we expect that the recent efforts and results in quantum microwaves will soon attract a wider audience, not only in the academic community, but also in an industrial environment.
Effect of SIVmac infection on plasmacytoid and CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells in cynomolgus macaques (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to be essential for the induction and regulation of immune responses. Non-human primates are essential in biomedical research and contribute to our understanding of the involvement of DCs in human infectious diseases. However, no direct single-platform method for quantifying DC precursors has yet been optimized in macaques to give accurate absolute blood counts of these rare-event cell populations in the blood. We adapted a rapid whole-blood assay for the absolute quantification of DCs in cynomolgus macaques by four-colour flow cytometry, using a single-platform assay compatible with human blood. Cynomolgus macaque plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and CD1c(+) myeloid DCs (CD1c(+) mDCs) were quantified in the blood of 34 healthy macaques and the results obtained were compared with those for blood samples from 11 healthy humans. In addition, circulating absolute numbers of pDCs were quantified in cynomolgus macaques chronically infected with SIVmac. During infection, pDC counts decreased whereas circulating CD1c(+) mDC counts increased. Information regarding absolute pDC and mDC counts in non-human primates may improve our understanding of the role of these cells in SIV/HIV infection and in other infectious diseases.
New insights into the structure of Comirnaty Covid-19 vaccine: A theory on soft nanoparticles with mRNA-lipid supercoils stabilized by hydrogen bonds (2022)

Abstract Despite the worldwide success of mRNA-LNP Covid-19 vaccines, the nanoscale structure of these formulations is still poorly understood. To fill this gap, we used a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and the determination of LNP pH gradient to analyze the nanoparticles (NPs) in BNT162b2 (Comirnaty), comparing it with the well characterized pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil). Comirnaty NPs had similar size to Doxil, however, unlike Doxil liposomes, wherein the stable ammonium and pH gradient enables accumulation of 14 C-methylamine in the intraliposomal aqueous phase, Comirnaty LNPs lack such pH gradient in spite of the fact that the pH 4, at which LNPs are prepared, is raised to pH 7.2 after loading of the mRNA. Mechanical manipulation of Comirnaty NPs with AFM revealed soft, compliant structures. The sawtooth-like force transitions seen during cantilever retraction implies that molecular strands, corresponding to mRNA, can be pulled out of NPs, and the process is accompanied by stepwise rupture of mRNA-lipid bonds. Unlike Doxil, cryo-TEM of Comirnaty NPs revealed a granular, solid core enclosed by mono- and bilayers. Negative staining TEM shows 2-5 nm electron-dense spots in the liposom’s interior that are aligned into strings, semicircles, or labyrinth-like networks, which may imply crosslink-stabilized supercoils. The neutral intra-LNP core questions the dominance of ionic interactions holding together this scaffold, raising the alternative possibility of hydrogen bonding between the mRNA and the lipids. Such interaction, described previously for another mRNA/lipid complex, is consistent with the steric structure of ionizable lipid in Comirnaty, ALC-0315, displaying free =O and -OH groups. It is hypothesized that the latter groups can get into steric positions that enable hydrogen bonding with the nitrogenous bases in the mRNA. These newly recognized structural features of mRNA-LNP may be important for the vaccine’s efficacy.
The structure of uracil-DNA glycosylase from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) reveals cold-adaptation features (2003)

Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG; EC 3.2.2.3) is a DNA-repair protein that catalyses the hydrolysis of promutagenic uracil residues from single- or double-stranded DNA, generating free uracil and abasic DNA. The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of cod uracil-DNA glycosylase (cUDG) has been determined to 1.9 A resolution, with final R factors of 18.61 and 20.57% for the working and test sets of reflections, respectively. This is the first crystal structure of a uracil-DNA glycosylase from a cold-adapted species and a detailed comparison with the human enzyme is performed in order to rationalize the cold-adapted behaviour of the cod enzyme at the structural level. The catalytic domain of cUDG comprises 223 residues, with a sequence identity to the human UDG of 75%. The tertiary structures of the two enzymes are also similar, with an overall displacement in main-chain atomic positions of 0.63 A. The amino-acid substitutions and the differences in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ion-pair interactions and electrostatic potentials are compared and discussed in order to gain insight into the factors that cause the increased activity and reduced thermostability of the cod enzyme. In particular, the reduced number of strong ion-pair interactions in the C-terminal half of cUDG is believed to greatly affect the flexibility and/or stability. Increased positive electrostatic surface potential on the DNA-facing side of cUDG seems to be responsible for increasing the affinity for the negatively charged DNA compared with that of hUDG.
Niobium(III) and (IV) Halide Complexes (1992)

This chapter contains sections titled: NbCl4(thf)2 NbCl3(dme) NbBr4(thf)2 NbBr3(dme)
Relationship of iron and extracellular virulence factors to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections (1984)

The iron concentration in the culture medium used to prepare the inocula influenced the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a chronic pulmonary infection model in rats. Groups of rats were given transtracheal inocula of agar beads in which were embedded c.10(4) cfu of P. aeruginosa strain PAO and the mutants of strain PAO, Fe5 and Fe18. When strain PAO was grown in low-iron medium before infection, it caused severe parenchymal changes including a dense mononuclear cell infiltration in the alveolar spaces, as well as intra- and peribronchial inflammation. When strain PAO was grown in high-iron medium, the pathological changes in lungs were restricted to intra- and peribronchial inflammation. Strain Fe5, in which the effect of iron on yields of elastase is deregulated, produced similar pathological changes regardless of whether it was grown in low- or high-iron media. All rats infected with strain Fe18, in which the effect of iron on yields of toxin A is deregulated, died within 48 h after infection. These data indicate that the iron concentration of the culture medium can influence the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in a chronic respiratory infection. These studies also suggest that the regulation of extracellular virulence factors by iron is important in the determination of P. aeruginosa virulence.