gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dephosphorylation of Major Sperm Protein (MSP) Fiber Protein 3 by Protein Phosphatase 2A during Cell Body Retraction in the MSP-based Amoeboid Motility ofAscarisSperm (2009)

The crawling movement of nematode sperm requires coordination of leading edge protrusion with cell body retraction, both of which are powered by modulation of a cytoskeleton based on major sperm protein (MSP) filaments. We used a cell-free in vitro motility system in which both protrusion and retraction can be reconstituted, to identify two proteins involved in cell body retraction. Pharmacological and depletion-add back assays showed that retraction was triggered by a putative protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A, a Ser/Thr phosphatase activated by tyrosine dephosphorylation). Immunofluorescence showed that PP2A was present in the cell body and was concentrated at the base of the lamellipod where the force for retraction is generated. PP2A targeted MSP fiber protein 3 (MFP3), a protein unique to nematode sperm that binds to the MSP filaments in the motility apparatus. Dephosphorylation of MFP3 caused its release from the cytoskeleton and generated filament disassembly. Our results suggest that interaction between PP2A and MFP3 leads to local disassembly of the MSP cytoskeleton at the base of the lamellipod in sperm that in turn pulls the trailing cell body forward.
Learning To Forget: Design of Experiments for Line-Based Bayesian Optimization in Dynamic Environments (2019)

Various scientific and engineering fields rely on measurements in 2D spaces to generate a map or locate the global optimum. Traditional design of experiments methods determine the measurement locations upfront, while a sequential approach iteratively extends the design. Typically, the cost of traveling between sample locations can be ignored, for example in simulation experiments. In those cases, the experimental design is generated using a point-based method. However, if traveling towards the next sample location incurs an additional cost, line-based sampling methods are favored. In this setting, the sampling algorithm needs to generate a route of measurement locations. A common engineering problem is locating the global optimum. In certain cases, such as fire hotspot monitoring, the location of the optimum dynamically changes. In this work, an algorithm is proposed for sequentially locating dynamic optima in a line-based setting. The algorithm is evaluated on two dynamic optimization benchmark problems.
Lung cancer tissue samples discrimination through statistical analysis of polarimetrie angular-resolved diffuse measurements (2016)

The novelty of this study consists in the development of an in-vitro technique for efficient discrimination of lung tissue samples. The design principles of the applied technique, calibration, Figure-of-Merits (FOM)s, experimental results and applied statistics are presented. Specifically, the presented technique relies on the detection and efficient discrimination of angular-resolved diffuse reflectance contributions among healthy tissue (normal), Carcinoma In-Situ (CIS) (pre-carcinoma), and Stage I lung carcinoma, under cross-polarized geometry, by means of first and second-order statistics. The preliminary results of this study can be applied towards the further enhancement of the quality of imaging systems and devices in the areas of digital pathology and imaging of margins.
Rapid Solution-Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Metabolite Compound Identification (2019)

Rapid, solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is demonstrated as a means for distinguishing small-molecule metabolites. HDX is achieved using capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) to allow sufficient time for reagent mixing and exchange in micrometer-sized droplets. Different compounds are observed to incorporate deuterium with varying efficiencies resulting in unique isotopic patterns as revealed in the MS spectra. Using linear regression techniques, parameters representing contribution to exchange by different hydrogen types can be computed. In this proof-of-concept study, the exchange parameters are shown to be useful in the retrodiction of the amount of deuterium incorporated within different compounds. On average, the exchange parameters retrodict the exchange level with ~ 2.2-fold greater accuracy than treating all exchangeable hydrogens equally. The parameters can be used to produce hypothetical isotopic distributions that agree (± 16% RMSD) with experimental measurements. These initial studies are discussed in light of their potential value for identifying challenging metabolite species.
Novel Tricyclic Inhibitors of IκB Kinase (2009)

The design and synthesis of a novel series of oxazole-, thiazole-, and imidazole-based inhibitors of IkappaB kinase (IKK) are reported. Biological activity was improved compared to the pyrazolopurine lead, and the expedient synthesis of the new tricyclic systems allowed for efficient exploration of structure-activity relationships. This, combined with an iterative rat cassette dosing strategy, was used to identify compounds with improved pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles to advance for in vivo evaluation.
New Opportunities for High‐Performance Source‐Gated Transistors Using Unconventional Materials (2021)

Source-gated transistors (SGTs), which are typically realized by introducing a source barrier in staggered thin-film transistors (TFTs), exhibit many advantages over conventional TFTs, including ultrahigh gain, lower power consumption, higher bias stress stability, immunity to short-channel effects, and greater tolerance to geometric variations. These properties make SGTs promising candidates for readily fabricated displays, biomedical sensors, and wearable electronics for the Internet of Things, where low power dissipation, high performance, and efficient, low-cost manufacturability are essential. In this review, the general aspects of SGT structure, fabrication, and operation mechanisms are first discussed, followed by a detailed property comparison with conventional TFTs. Next, advances in high-performance SGTs based on silicon are first discussed, followed by recent advances in emerging metal oxides, organic semiconductors, and 2D materials, which are individually discussed, followed by promising applications that can be uniquely realized by SGTs and their circuitry. Lastly, this review concludes with challenges and outlook overview.
Concomitant Nitrene and Carbene Insertion Accompanying Ring Expansion: Spectroscopic, X-ray, and Computational Studies (2014)

Reinvestigation of the thermolysis of azido-meta-hemipinate (I) yielded, in addition to known II, unusual products III and IV. These products are formed via a rare intramolecular nitrene insertion into an adjacent methoxy C-H bond followed by an intermolecular reaction during a ring-expansion and a ring-extrusion reaction followed by a carbene insertion. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using a battery of techniques, including HRMS (ESI-QTOF) and 2D NMR as well as X-ray crystallography for compound IV. Density functional theory methods were used to support the proposed mechanism of formation of the products.
Therapists' professional and personal characteristics as predictors of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy (2012)

Abstract Background Short- and long-term psychotherapies have been found effective for treating mood and anxiety disorders. Although psychotherapists differ in their effectiveness, virtually no comparative research exists on the therapist characteristics beneficial to short- or long-term therapy. Methods Altogether 326 outpatients, aged 20–46 years, and suffering from mood or anxiety disorder, were randomly assigned to either short-term (solution-focused or psychodynamic therapy, combined) or long-term (psychodynamic) psychotherapy, and were followed up for 3 years. Therapies were provided by 55 volunteering therapists with at least 2 years of work experience in the given form of therapy. Therapists' professional and personal characteristics, measured before randomization, were assessed with the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire (DPCCQ). Patients' general psychiatric symptoms were assessed as the main outcome measure at baseline and 3, 7, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after start of treatment with the Symptom Check List, Global Severity Index (SCL-90-GSI). Results Active, engaging, and extroverted therapists produced a faster symptom reduction in short-term therapy than in long-term therapy. More cautious, non-intrusive therapists generated greater benefits in long-term therapy during the 3-year follow-up. Therapists' lower confidence and enjoyment in therapeutic work predicted poorer outcomes in short-term therapy in the long run. Limitations Generalizability may be limited due to relatively experienced therapists. Conclusions Therapist characteristics apparently are important determinants of effectiveness of short- and long-term psychotherapy. If confirmed in future studies, results may be applied in training and supervision of therapists as well as in fitting therapy forms with therapist dispositions to maximize treatment benefits.
Hybrid Organic−Inorganic, Rod-Shaped Nanoresistors and Diodes (2004)

The electrical properties of template-synthesized three- and four-component rodlike nanostructures consisting of metal and conducting polymer domains have been studied. These structures behave like nanometer-scale resistors and diodes, depending upon their compositions and spatial distribution of the different compositional blocks. In the two-component systems, the conducting polymer block dictates the electrical properties of the nanostructure, and the metal blocks act as leads to facilitate the connection with microscopic circuits. In the three-component systems, the metal blocks provide an additional design flexibility, allowing one to prepare Schottky junctions.
Genomics and Biological Activity of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Several Clinical Settings (2013)

Recent literature has shown that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is one of the most interesting and promising biomarkers in case of acute kidney injury. However, several studies indicated that this protein may be applied beyond the boundaries of renal pathophysiology and may be used in other pathophysiological settings since it is also expressed in neutrophils, and respiratory, bowel and prostate epithelia. In this review, we report NGAL genomics and biology and its possible use in several clinical settings. In particular, we review the genomic organization of the NGAL gene, the lipocalin family structure, the interaction between NGAL and ligands, and the induction and expression of NGAL in different conditions.
3D micro-organisation printing of mammalian cells to generate biological tissues (2020)

Significant strides have been made in the development of in vitro systems for disease modelling. However, the requirement of microenvironment control has placed limitations on the generation of relevant models. Herein, we present a biological tissue printing approach that employs open-volume microfluidics to position individual cells in complex 2D and 3D patterns, as well as in single cell arrays. The variety of bioprinted cell types employed, including skin epithelial (HaCaT), skin cancer (A431), liver cancer (Hep G2), and fibroblast (3T3-J2) cells, all of which exhibited excellent viability and survivability, allowing printed structures to rapidly develop into confluent tissues. To demonstrate a simple 2D oncology model, A431 and HaCaT cells were printed and grown into tissues. Furthermore, a basic skin model was established to probe drug response. 3D tissue formation was demonstrated by co-printing Hep G2 and 3T3-J2 cells onto an established fibroblast layer, the functionality of which was probed by measuring albumin production, and was found to be higher in comparison to both 2D and monoculture approaches. Bioprinting of primary cells was tested using acutely isolated primary rat dorsal root ganglia neurons, which survived and established processes. The presented technique offers a novel open-volume microfluidics approach to bioprint cells for the generation of biological tissues.
GW24-e0771 The clinical significance of coronary angiography in the elderly patients with carotid artery stenosis (2013)

Objectives To investigate the detection rate of elderly carotid stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective analysis of 129 cases over 60 years old with carotid ultrasonography and coronary angiography, carotid artery stenosis (about a carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50%), clinical data and imaging data, the application of the X 2 test, multi-factor logistic regression methods were statistically analysed. Results 129 patients, detected in the CAD 114 cases (88.3%), single-vessel disease in 38 cases (33.3%) of two vessel in 27 cases (23.7%), three vessel in 40 cases (35%), left main 3 vessel in 9 cases (7.8%); multivariate logistic regression analysis, display, peripheral vascular disease is an important predictor of elderly patients with carotid artery stenosis merger of CAD. Conclusions The patients of carotid artery stenosis over 60 years old are high-risk population with CAD, should be routinely performed coronary angiography in order to avoid misdiagnosis of CAD.
Quadruple hydrogen bonded systems (2002)

In this feature article, the development of linear quadruple hydrogen bonded systems is discussed, emphasizing applications in supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly.
Numerical Investigation of CH4/CO2/Air and CH4/CO2/O2Counterflow Premixed Flames with Radiation Reabsorption (1998)

Abstract Effects of radiative heat loss on temperatures and extinction characteristics of CH4/CO2air and CH4/CO2/O2 counterflow premixed flames were numerically investigated by using the detailed chemistry and transport properties with emphasis on assessing the importance of radiation reabsorption. Radiative transfer was calculated using the discrete ordinate method along with the grey gas assumption. Results show that radiation reabsorption has little influence on the temperatures and extinction limits of CH4/ air counterflow premixed flames of low equivalence ratio. However the radiation reabsorption has a significant effect on the flame temperatures and extinction limits of CH4/CO2/air and CH4/CO2/O2 counterflow premixed flames becomes smaller as the fraction of Co2 added to air increases. Radiation extinction of CH4/CO2/O2 flames occurs at higher stretch rates than that of CH4/air flames. Keywords: Laminar premixed flamesradiationextinction
Age-Oriented Scheduling of Correlated Sources in Multi-server System (2021)

This paper investigates a system formed by N sources, each of them sending status updates of a process of interest though a multiserver queue. Taking into consideration the mutual correlation across different sources, we propose an innovative model in which this correlation was modelled as an additional, virtual information source. Assuming that replication of packets to multiple servers is allowed, we present a policy to reduce the sum age of information (AoI) of these N sources. Our numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed policy when compared to the popular Last-Generate First-Serve policy.
Kinetics of nitrogen-doped carbon dot formation via hydrothermal synthesis (2016)

How fast is the reaction of N-doped C-dot formation?
Intraoperative MR‐guided neurosurgery (2008)

For more than a decade neurosurgeons have become increasingly dependent on image guidance to perform safe, efficient, and cost-effective surgery. Neuronavigation is frame-based or frameless and requires obtaining computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans several days or immediately before surgery. Unfortunately, these systems do not allow the neurosurgeon to adjust for the brain shift that occurs once the cranium is open. This technical inability has led to the development of intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) systems ranging from 0.12-3.0T in strength. The advantages of ioMRI are the excellent soft tissue discrimination and the ability to view the operative site in three dimensions. Enhanced visualization of the intracranial lesion enables the neurosurgeon to choose a safe surgical trajectory that avoids critical structures, to maximize the extent of the tumor resection, and to exclude an intraoperative hemorrhage. All ioMRI systems provide basic T1- and T2-weighted imaging capabilities but high-field (1.5T) systems can also perform MR spectroscopy (MRS), MR venography (MRV), MR angiography (MRA), brain activation studies, chemical shift imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging. Identifying vascular structures by MRA or MRV may prevent injury during surgery. Demonstrating elevated phosphocholine within a tumor may improve the diagnostic yield of brain biopsy. Mapping out neurologic function may influence the surgical approach to a tumor. The optimal strength for MR-guided neurosurgery is currently under investigation.
Semi-Analytical Modeling of the Recombination at the a-Si/c-Si Interface of Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cells: A Better Physical Insight (2012)

A semi-analytical model is proposed for carrier recombination at the amorphous silicon-crystalline silicon interface in HIT high efficiency p+ a-Si/c-Si silicon solar cells. PC1D simulations indicate that pn junction is shifted inside the c-Si substrate by the effect of holes spilling over the heterojunction. Front surface field passivation is found more effective in cells without intrinsic a-Si spacer as a result of the higher hole interface concentration. Increasing the p+ a-Si doping level leads to further increase in the hole interface concentration but finally deteriorates the bulk lifetime in the induced p+ c-Si emitter which lowers the open circuit voltage. Such effect is less pronounced in cell with a spacer because the hole interface concentration saturates at 3x1019 /cm3. In addition the spacer provides an interface with better properties and hence reduced recombination. A coupled semi-analytical/ PC1D simulations method is developed to deal with the interdependence between the calculated surface recombination velocity and the numerically simulated carrier concentrations at the interface. Shockley- Read-Hall recombination and amphoteric three charge state recombination more appropriate for recombination via dangling bonds in a-Si are considered. It is found that when the capture cross sections are equal, SRH and amphoteric recombination converge. On the other hand, SRH strongly underestimates the interface recombination velocity if the values of capture cross sections are largely distant.
The Telomerization of 1,3‐Dienes – A Reaction Grows Up (2019)

Abstract Telomerization is a versatile tool for synthesizing unsaturated ethers, amines and other molecules starting from 1,3‐dienes and respective nucleophiles. The homogeneously catalyzed reaction has been the subject of academic and industrial research for over 50 years, offering a broad variety of substrates, catalysts and process concepts. This Minireview presents the advances and developments in this field over the last decade. The focus was on the conversion of renewable resources, the synthesis of promising new products and the development of efficient process concepts to combine these.
Realizing the Switching of Optoelectronic Memory and Ultrafast Detector in Functionalized‐Black Phosphorus/MoS2 Heterojunction (2022)

Abstract A single device with switchable functions is highly attractive to the growing demands of complex optoelectronics. However, most of the currently reported devices either exhibit a lack of multifunction operation or require complex electrode configurations with limited performances. Here, a new concept of a functionalized‐black phosphorus (f‐BP)/MoS 2 heterojunction is proposed, which enables the coexistence of an optoelectronic memory and a detector in a single device. The oxidation‐induced artificial‐traps on the BP surface result in a gate‐modulated photogating effect, so that the device can be freely switched between memory and detector by simply changing the back‐gate voltage. In the memory model, the device has an ultra‐long storage time (10 years), an ultra‐high on/off ratio (3.5 × 10 7 ), and outstanding multi‐bit storage (≈90 states), while in the detector model, the device still exhibits a fast response (130/260 µs), an impressive responsivity (22.2 A W −1 ), and self‐driven broadband detection (ultraviolet to near‐infrared). Most importantly, the highly anisotropic BP enables fast NIR polarization resolution with a maximum polarization ratio of 6.98 at 1064 nm.
Structural insights into biased G protein-coupled receptor signaling revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy (2012)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven-transmembrane proteins that mediate most cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters, representing the largest group of therapeutic targets. Recent studies show that some GPCRs signal through both G protein and arrestin pathways in a ligand-specific manner. Ligands that direct signaling through a specific pathway are known as biased ligands. The arginine-vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R), a prototypical peptide-activated GPCR, is an ideal model system to investigate the structural basis of biased signaling. Although the native hormone arginine-vasopressin leads to activation of both the stimulatory G protein (Gs) for the adenylyl cyclase and arrestin pathways, synthetic ligands exhibit highly biased signaling through either Gs alone or arrestin alone. We used purified V2R stabilized in neutral amphipols and developed fluorescence-based assays to investigate the structural basis of biased signaling for the V2R. Our studies demonstrate that the Gs-biased agonist stabilizes a conformation that is distinct from that stabilized by the arrestin-biased agonists. This study provides unique insights into the structural mechanisms of GPCR activation by biased ligands that may be relevant to the design of pathway-biased drugs.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Monodisperse Colloidal Magnesium Oxide Nanocrystals (2009)

MgO gets discrete: Monodisperse nanocrystals of the alkaline earth metal oxide MgO can be prepared by direct colloidal synthesis (see image). Diameter control (2–8 nm) is achieved by incorporating catalytic amounts of water into the organic reaction medium. Although trioctylphosphine oxide is present during the reaction, the resulting nanocrystals are capped primaryly by benzyl ether. Blue luminescence is observed with a quantum yield up to approximately 20 %.
High-Speed 2$\, \times \,$2 Switch for Multiwavelength Silicon-Photonic Networks–On-Chip (2009)

We report the fabrication and experimental verification of a multiwavelength high-speed 2 times 2 silicon photonic switch for ultrahigh-bandwidth message routing in optical on-chip networks. The structure employs only two microring resonators in order to implement the bar and cross states of the switch. These states are toggled using an optical pump at 1.5-mum wavelengths inplane with the waveguide devices, though electronic, rather than optical, control schemes are envisioned for more complex systems built from these devices. Experiments characterize bit-error-rate performance in the bar and cross states during static and dynamic operation. The all-optical demonstration exhibits the ability of the switch to implement ultra-short transition times (<2 ns), high extinction ratios (>10 dB), and low power penalties (~1 dB) at a data rate of 10 Gb/s. Further performance improvements are expected by using electronic carrier injection via p-i-n diodes surrounding the ring waveguides. The 2 times 2 switching functionality facilitates the design of more complex routing structures, allowing the implementation of high-functionality integrated optical networks.