gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profile Measurement by the Combined Method. Optimal and Automatic Selection of the Standard Area. (1996)

The combined method, which combines the generalized 2-point method with the inclination method, has been developed to measure profiles that include high-frequency components whose spatial wavelengths are shorter than the distance between the two probes. In this combined method, some data points in the profile evaluated by the generalized 2-point method are chosen as the standard area and used to determine the relative heights among the data groups of the inclination method. In the present paper, we propose an automatic selection method that can select the reference points optimally and quickly. By using this proposed selection method, the profile evaluated by the combined method can reach the highest accuracy that is determined by the characteristics of the probes, such as the resolution and the stability. Computer simulations and experimental results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed selection method are also presented in this paper.
Spherical inclusion characterization by the acoustical microscope: Axisymmetric case (1996)

In this paper it is shown how one can obtain the diameter and depth of a solid spherical inclusion in a solid half-space directly from the location of the peaks of its V(z) curve. Simplified expressions of V(z) curves presented in this paper have been experimentally verified by generating V(z) curves of a spherical inclusion in pure epoxy. The inclusion diameter and depth are predicted from the experimentally generated V(z) curves. Experimental predictions are found to be very close to the true values; errors associated with all predictions are less than a few percent.
Damage mechanisms around hardness indentations in Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} (1997)

Microstructural observations of damage around indentations in Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} are presented. The Vickers hardness decreased with increasing load and asymptotically approached 4 GPa at the highest loads. No indentation cracks were observed even at loads as high as 300 N. Preliminary strength versus indentation plots indicate that, at least for the large-grained material ({approx}100 {micro}m) studied here, Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} is a damage-tolerant material able to contain the extent of microdamage to a small area around the indent. The following multiple energy-absorbing mechanisms have been identified from scanning electron micrographs of areas in the vicinity of the indentation: diffuse microcracking, delamination, crack deflection, grain push-out, grain pull-out, and the buckling of individual grains.
A low-complexity metric for the estimation of perceived chrominance sub-sampling errors in screen content images (2017)

In web conferencing and remote desktop applications screen sharing is a popular feature. Due to the limited data rate, image and video compression technologies are used to enable this functionality over the internet. However, the commonly used basic profiles of modern video codecs typically utilize the YCbCr color space involving 4:2:0 chrominance sub-sampling. This sub-sampling introduces visually disturbing artifacts for screen content, which may be avoided or reduced if they could be automatically detected. However, these artifacts are shown to be hardly captured by conventional image quality metrics. To address this problem, we developed the Perceived Chrominance Sub-sampling Error (PCSE) metric. Moreover, we created a subjectively evaluated screen content image data set, which is employed for the performance evaluation. The PCSE achieves absolute correlation coefficient values of almost 0.8. Thus, conventional quality metrics are significantly outperformed.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGHLY-PORTABLE POSITIVE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN WORK ZONES (2007)

ABSTRACT Many work zone devices, such as truck-mounted attenuators, cones, and barrels, are used to separate workers from the traveling public during construction and maintenance activities. However, these devices do not provide lateral impact protection. Conversely, concrete barriers are often used to physically separate workers and moving traffic at long-term construction projects. Unfortunately, many work activities are of shorter duration or require continuous movement along the roadway, and so cannot be protected through concrete barrier placements. This paper describes a set of functional requirements developed for highly-portable positive protection technologies that protect high way workers. These requirements were based on an assessment of a large number of construction and maintenance work activities that are highly mobile and thus would potentially benefit from such a system. Specific roadway design features believed to have the most significant impact upon the functional requirements of a highly-portable positive protection system were also considered. While it is desirable to have a protective device that covers a wide possibility of work zone conditions, this preliminary study shows there are some practical limits to activities that can be accommodated by a single type of highly-portable positive protection device. As defined, a protection system meeting the stated requirements could accommodate about two-thirds of the construction and maintenance activities considered. Perhaps a highly-portable positive protection system could be used during some of the remaining activities if work crews were to adopt slightly different procedures for those activities.
Optimization and control of cooling microgrids for data centers (2012)

Reliable operation of today's data centers requires a tremendous amount of electricity to power both the IT equipment and the supporting cooling facilities. As much as half of total data center electricity consumption can be attributed to the cooling systems required to maintain the thermal status of IT equipment. In order to lower the electricity usage of the cooling system and hence reduce the data center environmental footprint, alternative cooling resources, such as water and air-side economizers, are being exploited to supplement or replace the traditional chilled water based cooling schemes. The various cooling resource options, together with the mechanisms to distribute and deliver the cooling resource to IT equipment racks, constitute a cooling microgrid. In this paper, we present a holistic perspective for the optimization and control of the data center cooling microgrid. The holistic approach optimizes the sourcing and distribution of cooling resources from the site portfolio in response to real-time weather changes and site demand. The cooling microgrid optimization and control framework has been implemented in a research data center; we estimate that the framework cuts the yearly cooling costs by 30%.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Strained, Ring-Tilted [1]Ferrocenophanes with Germanium in the Bridge: Structures of the [1]Germaferrocenophane Fe(.eta.-C5H4)2GeMe2 and the Ferrocenylgermane Fe(.eta.-C5H4GeEt2Cl)(.eta.-C5H5) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing-Opening Polymerization of Strained, Ring-Tilted [1]Ferrocenophanes with Germanium in the Bridge: Structures of the [1]Germaferrocenophane Fe(.eta.-C5H4)2GeMe2 and the Ferrocenylgermane Fe(.eta.-C5H4GeEt2Cl)(.eta.-C5H5)Daniel A. Foucher, Mark Edwards, Robert A. Burrow, Alan J. Lough, and Ian MannersCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 12, 4959–4966Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/om00024a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1012 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Hybrid Combining Hard and Soft Robots (2013)

Abstract This article describes a hybrid robotic system combining hard and soft subsystems. This hybrid comprises a wheeled robot (an iRobot Create; hard) and a four-legged quadruped (soft). It is capable (using a simple, wireless control system) of rapid locomotion over flat terrain (using the wheeled hard robot) and of gripping and retrieving an object (using the independent locomotive capabilities of the soft robot). The utility of this system is demonstrated by performing a mission requiring the capabilities of both components: retrieving an object (iPod Nano) from the center of a room. This class of robot—hybrids comprising hard and soft systems functioning synergistically—is capable of performing tasks that neither can do alone. In contrast to specialized hard robotic arms with grippers (capable of performing some of the functions we describe here), which are complex, relatively expensive, and require sophisticated controls, this hybrid system is easy to construct, simple to control, and low in cost. The soft robotic system in the hybrid is lightweight, disposable if contaminated or damaged, and capable of multiple functions.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Zincophorin. (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of the methyl ester (XI) is carried out as shown in the scheme.
Abdominal aortic hemodynamics in young healthy adults at rest and during lower limb exercise: quantification using image-based computer modeling (2006)

Localization of atherosclerotic lesions in the abdominal aorta has been previously correlated to areas of adverse hemodynamic conditions, such as flow recirculation, low mean wall shear stress, and high temporal oscillations in shear. Along with its many systemic benefits, exercise is also proposed to have local benefits in the vasculature via the alteration of these regional flow patterns. In this work, subject-specific models of the human abdominal aorta were constructed from magnetic resonance angiograms of five young, healthy subjects, and computer simulations were performed under resting and exercise (50% increase in resting heart rate) pulsatile flow conditions. Velocity fields and spatial variations in mean wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) are presented. When averaged over all subjects, WSS increased from 4.8 +/- 0.6 to 31.6 +/- 5.7 dyn/cm2 and OSI decreased from 0.22 +/- 0.03 to 0.03 +/- 0.02 in the infrarenal aorta between rest and exercise. WSS significantly increased, whereas OSI decreased between rest and exercise at the supraceliac, infrarenal, and suprabifurcation levels, and significant differences in WSS were found between anterior and posterior sections. These results support the hypothesis that exercise provides localized benefits to the cardiovascular system through acute mechanical stimuli that trigger longer-term biological processes leading to protection against the development or progression of atherosclerosis.
Clinical and immunological findings in HTLV-III infection. (1985)

Clinical, immunological, microbiological, virological, and lifestyle parameters were followed in 200 homosexual men living in Finland. The subjects were seen at 3- to 6-month intervals starting in summer 1983. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) antibodies detected by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by Western blotting were seen in 18 (9%) of the cases. Initially two cases had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, three had lymphadenopathy syndrome, and ten were asymptomatic. During the follow-up two asymptomatic cases developed lymphadenopathy syndrome and three developed enlarged lymph nodes. Immunological studies revealed decreased T-helper cell values and/or T-helper/suppressor ratios in all clinical categories, the findings being more severe and progressive in the symptomatic cases. The finding most clearly distinguishing HTLV-III antibody positive cases from the antibody negative ones was a decreased response to a specific recall antigen, purified protein derivative of tuberculoprotein. Responses to mitogens phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were also decreased, but to a lesser extent. The primary immunological defect associated with helper T-cell infection by HTLV-III thus seems to be loss of antigen specific immune responses. It is suggested that this is the result of previous antigenic stimulation of HTLV-III infected T-helper cells and that the cellular destruction is associated with initial mitotic activity.
Double bilayer graphene-WSe<inf>2</inf> resonant tunneling heterostructures with high interlayer current densities and peak-to-valley ratios (2017)

Van der Waals heterostructures consisting of two dimensional (2D) materials have been a topic of great interest recently due to their diverse electrical characteristics and device applications. One property that has attracted attention because of potential device applications is tunneling between two 2D atomic layers separated by a barrier, which may possess gate tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) [1, 2]. This can be achieved experimentally if the tunneling between the 2D layers conserves both energy and momentum [2]. We present here resonant tunneling between two bilayer graphene crystals separated by a WSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tunnel barrier, which shows gate-tunable NDR in the interlayer current-voltage characteristics, with large interlayer peak current densities and peak-to-valley ratios.
Autonomic mechanisms underpinning the stress response in borderline hypertensive rats (2011)

This study investigates blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) short-term variability and spontaneous baroreflex functioning in adult borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) and normotensive controls (NC). Systolic BP, diastolic BP and HR variabilities and baroreflex were assessed by spectral analysis and the sequence method respectively. In all experimental conditions BHR exhibited higher BP, increased baroreflex sensitivity and resetting, relative to controls. Acute shaker stress increased BP in both strains while chronic shaker stress increased BP in BHR alone. Low frequency and high frequency HR variability increased only in controls to acute and chronic shaker stress. Acute restraint stress increased BP, HR, low frequency and high frequency variability of BP and HR in both strains. Only NC exhibited reduced ratio of low-to-high frequency HR variability, pointing to domination of vagal cardiac control. In BHR, but not in controls, chronic restraint stress increased low frequency and high frequency BP and HR variability and their ratio indicating a shift towards sympathetic cardiovascular control. It is concluded that maintenance of BP in BHR under basal conditions and stress is associated with enhanced baroreflex sensitivity and resetting. Imbalance in sympatho-vagal control was evident only during exposure of BHR to stressors. Research supported: Wellcome Trust, Royal Society and Ministry of Science.
Some HREM observations on silicon small particles (1988)

In recent years, small particles have attracted the attentions of by some researchers for their physical and chemical anomaly as well as technological application to ceramics and catalyst industries. For these studies, morphological investigations on small particles seem to be important. HREM methods are the most direct approach to obtain particle crystal structures at atomic level resolution. This talk reviews some of the works on small particle research that have been done as a part of the fine particle research project by Japanese Research development Corporation (fully government-supported project). Among the many TEM observations on small particles that have been done, some specific problems using Si particles are presented. Small particle production Small particles of Si were prepared by a gasevaporation method which utilizes the evaporation and condensation of Si vapors in an Ar gas at 300Torr. The Si vapors were obtained by heating Si rods by an arc discharge1.
Wafer-level package interconnect options (2006)

As integrated circuit technology enters the nanometer era, global interconnects are becoming a bottleneck for overall chip performance. In this paper, we show that wafer-level package interconnects are an effective alternative to conventional on-chip global wires. These interconnects behave as LC transmission lines and can be exploited for their near speed of light transmission and low attenuation characteristics. We compare performance measures such as bandwidth, bandwidth density, latency, and power consumption of the package-level transmission lines with conventional on-chip global interconnects for different International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) technology nodes. Based on these results, we show that package-level interconnects are well suited for power demanding low-latency applications. We also analyze different interconnect options such as memory buses, long inter tile interconnects, clock, and power distribution.
Kinematics of a Cable-Driven Robotic Platform for Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing (2021)

Abstract Concrete additive manufacturing (AM) is a growing field of research. However, on-site, large-scale concrete additive manufacturing requires motion platforms that are difficult to implement with conventional rigid-link robotic systems. This article presents a new kinematic arrangement for a deployable cable-driven robot intended for on-site AM. The kinematics of this robot are examined to determine if they meet the requirements for this application, the wrench feasible workspace (WFW) is examined, and the physical implementation of a prototype is also presented. Data collected from the physical implementation of the proposed system are analyzed, and the results support its suitability for the intended application. The success of this system demonstrates that this kinematic arrangement is promising for future deployable AM systems.
Diphenylprolinol Methyl Ether:  A Highly Enantioselective Catalyst for Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Simple Enones (2005)

[reaction: see text] Diphenylprolinol methyl ether catalyzes intermolecular Michael addition of simple aldehydes to relatively nonactivated enones with the highest enantioselectivities reported to date (95-99% ee) and significantly lower catalyst loadings than have been typical in this arena.
Constant Envelope Precoding for Power-Efficient Downlink Wireless Communication in Multi-User MIMO Systems Using Large Antenna Arrays (2011)

We consider downlink cellular multi-user communication between a base station (BS) having N antennas and M single-antenna users, i.e., an N X M Gaussian Broadcast Channel (GBC). Under an average only total transmit power constraint (APC), large antenna arrays at the BS (having tens to a few hundred antennas) have been recently shown to achieve remarkable multi-user interference (MUI) suppression with simple precoding techniques. However, building large arrays in practice, would require cheap/power-efficient Radio-Frequency(RF) electronic components. The type of transmitted signal that facilitates the use of most power-efficient RF components is a constant envelope (CE) signal. Under certain mild channel conditions (including i.i.d. fading), we analytically show that, even under the stringent per-antenna CE transmission constraint (compared to APC), MUI suppression can still be achieved with large antenna arrays. Our analysis also reveals that, with a fixed M and increasing N, the total transmitted power can be reduced while maintaining a constant signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) level at each user. We also propose a novel low-complexity CE precoding scheme, using which, we confirm our analytical observations for the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel, through Monte-Carlo simulations. Simulation of the information sum-rate under the per-antenna CE constraint, shows that, for a fixed M and a fixed desired sum-rate, the required total transmit power decreases linearly with increasing N, i.e., an O(N) array power gain. Also, in terms of the total transmit power required to achieve a fixed desired information sum-rate, despite the stringent per-antenna CE constraint, the proposed CE precoding scheme performs close to the GBC sum-capacity (under APC) achieving scheme.
High-mobility enhancement-mode 4H-SiC lateral field-effect transistors utilizing atomic layer deposited Al2O3 gate dielectric (2009)

Lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been fabricated on 4H-SiC utilizing deposited dielectrics and gate-last processing. The bilayer dielectric consists of thin nitrided SiO2 covered by 25 nm of Al2O3 deposited using atomic layer deposition. Field-effect mobility and threshold voltage (VT) vary with SiC nitric oxide (NO) anneal temperature. Peak mobility of 106 cm2/V⋅s was obtained with corresponding VT of 0.8 V. The peak mobility decreases to 61 cm2/V⋅s with a lower temperature NO anneal, while the VT increased to 1.4 V. Thus with proper gate engineering, high-mobility normally off MOSFET devices can be obtained, leading to higher-performance gate-controlled power devices.
Electrically pumped heterogeneously integrated Si/III-V evanescent lasers with micro-loop mirror reflector (2011)

An electrically pumped heterogeneously integrated Si/AlGaInAs evanescent laser with micro-loop mirror (MLM) as high reflectors at both ends is experimentally demonstrated. Finite-difference time-domain simulation shows that 98% reflectivity can be achieved with micro-loop mirror formed by single-mode silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. The laser based on a Si/III-V hybrid gain waveguide and passive SOI MLM reflectors is fabricated and single-mode continuous-wave (CW) lasing is achieved at room temperature with a lasing threshold current density of 2.5 kA/cm2.
Computing Statistical Profiles of Active Sites in Proteins (2007)

Active sites in proteins are three dimensional substructures that cause them to perform their function. The problem of finding substructures in a protein that are “similar” to the active sites of another protein has several important applications in biological sciences such as drug design, genetic engineering, and diagnostic tools for analysis of genetically engineered pathogens. Active sites can be grouped into families whose members are related by similarity of their functions. In this paper, we adapt Profile Hidden Markov Models (PHMMs) to statistically profile active site families. We develop a serialization of the three dimensional active sites that captures certain shared physico-chemical and geometric features of the family. Experimental results with our PHMM based method for profiling active sites suggest that it is effective in practice.