gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Acid-catalyzed single-layer resists for ArF lithography</title> (1993)

A positive-tone single-layer resist for use with 193 nm radiation has been developed. The system contains a terpolymer of methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and (tau) -butyl methacrylate, along with a photoacid generator. The chemically amplified deprotection of the (tau) -butyl methacrylate into methacrylic acid increases the polarity of the resist and allows selective dissolution in metal-ion-free aqueous base solutions. The resist sensitivity is less than 10 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and its inherent resolution is better than 0.1 micrometers . These acrylate-based systems have potential for both lower cost and better environmental stability compared with the deep ultraviolet chemically amplified resists which use phenolic resins.
Free energy contributions of G.cntdot.U and other terminal mismatches to helix stability (1986)

Thermodynamic parameters of helix formation were measured spectroscopically for seven hexaribonucleotides containing a GC tetramer core and G.U or other terminal mismatches. The free energies of helix formation are compared with those for the tetramer core alone and with those for the hexamer with six Watson-Crick base pairs. In 1 M NaCl, at 37 degrees C, the free energy of a terminal G.U mismatch is about equal to that of the corresponding A.U pair. Although other terminal mismatches studied add between -1.0 and -1.6 kcal/mol to delta G0 37 for helix formation, all are less stable than the corresponding Watson-Crick pairs. Comparisons of the stability increments for terminal G.U mismatches and G.C pairs suggest when stacking is weak the additional hydrogen bond in the G.C pair adds roughly -1 kcal/mol to the favorable free energy of duplex formation.
Structure and stability of several high-pressure crystalline polymorphs of silica (1995)

The structure and stability of several proposed high-pressure crystalline polymorphs of silica have been studied with a first-principles pseudopotential total-energy method within the local-density approximation. The monoclinic I2/a phase predicted recently from molecular-dynamics calculations on highly compressed amorphous silica or \ensuremath{\alpha} quartz [J.S. Tse, D.D. Klug, and Y. LePage, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3647 (1992)] is shown to be energetically competitive with the well-known stishovite structure and is substantially lower in energy than the cubic fluorite Pa3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} structure up to 170 GPa. The results are in full accordance with previous molecular-dynamics calculations thus confirming that the empirical potential proposed by van Beest et al. is applicable to the study of the structure and dynamics of high-pressure phases of silica.
Design and implementation of a rotationally symmetric microellipsometer (2002)

We report a unique scanning microellipsometer using a high numerical aperture lens to provide large-angle ellipsometric illumination and high spatial resolution. This microellipsometer is equivalent to a multi-channel rotating analyzer ellipsometer obeying rotational symmetry. The symmetry is realized by using a circularly polarized incident beam, a variable circular retarder and a rotational analyzer. This rotational symmetry offers better signal-to-noise ratio compared with the other microellipsometer techniques. Scanning ellipsometric measurement of surface relief with spatial resolution of 0.5 &mu;m is performed with a NA of 0.8 illumination by use of a He-Ne laser source.
A Power Relay System With Multiple Loads Using Asymmetrical Coil Design (2020)

In this article, we propose a power relay system to power multiple loads wirelessly via magnetic coupling. Multiple power relays are placed in a line and the power can be transferred between these relays. Each power relay consists of two relay coils, which function as the receiver and transmitter, respectively. In order to suppress the magnetic coupling between the two relay coils in the same power relay, bipolar coils are adopted and placed perpendicularly. A compensation capacitor is connected in series with each transmitting coil, while another one is connected in parallel with each receiving coil. It is derived that the constant voltage characteristics can be obtained for each load, which means the load power is decoupled from each other. The two coils in the same power relay have different inductance values, which form an asymmetrical structure to achieve equal load voltage distribution. Moreover, zero phase angle can be obtained for the input impedance. The proposed system is suitable to power the gate drivers of series-connected insulated gate bipolar transistors, where multiple isolated power supplies are needed. An experimental prototype with six loads has been constructed to validate the proposed system. The maximum efficiency can reach 94.0% at a power level of 12.6 W.
Identification of Prearrest Clinical Factors Associated with Outpatient Fatal Pulmonary Embolism (2001)

Patients in this community with fatal MPE were young with risk factors for pulmonary embolism, and commonly manifested components of a triad including: dyspnea, alteration of mental status/syncope, and shock prior to death.
Idarubicin: a brief overview on pharmacology and clinical use. (1997)

Idarubicin exhibits features rendering this drug unique among anthracyclines. The higher lipophilicity leads to faster accumulation in the nuclei, superior DNA-binding capacity and consequently greater cytotoxicity compared to daunorubicin. A major advantage over this reference drug is its ability to overcome MDR at least partially. Its major metabolite idarubicinol is as active as the parent compound and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, idarubicin can be administered orally reaching sufficient plasma levels. Compared to other anthracyclines, the risk of cardiotoxicity as the main side effect for this group of drugs is reduced with idarubicin, when administered in a therapeutical dose. Thus, IDA has become an important drug in the treatment of acute leukemias and its potency in lymphomas, plasmocytomas and other solid tumors such as breast cancer is currently under investigation in several clinical studies.
Honeycomb-inspired SERS nano-bowls for rapid capture and analysis of extracellular vesicles and liposomes in suspension (2023)

Nanoscale carriers such as liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are readily being explored for personalized medicine or disease prediction and diagnostics, respectively. Owing to their small size, such nanocarriers can undergo endocytosis or exocytosis, providing means to either transport cargo to the cells (liposomes) or to serve as a biomarker (EVs). When looking at current analysis methods, there is a growing need for detailed characterization of the content and composition of such nanocarriers in their natural state in aqueous media. This can be achieved through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which provides a molecular fingerprint of the analytes while reducing the detection limit. In this paper, we utilize a nano-structured SERS substrate to study different bio-nanoparticles such as liposomes, EVs and DNA nanogel in suspension. A silver-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film-based honeycomb shaped nano-bowl surface passively traps and reduces the mobility of the nanosized bio-particles, improving the intensity and the reproducibility of the SERS signal. FDTD simulations are used for substrate geometry optimization, and a detection limit of 10 −15 M is demonstrated for Rhodamine 6G (R6G). The potential of the proposed SERS nano-bowl is shown through distinct spectral features following surface-(polyethylene glycol) and bilayer-(cholesterol) modification of empty liposomes. For DNA nanogels, the characterization of highly crosslinked DNA specimens exhibits enhanced peaks for nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups. EVs isolated from various cells provided spectral signatures of specific protein content, lipid components, and nucleic acids. Concluding, the findings of the spectral signatures of a wide range of molecular complexes and chemical morphology of bio-membranes in their natural state highlight the possibilities of using SERS as a sensitive and instantaneous characterization alternative.
A Novel B7-H6–Targeted IgG-Like T Cell–Engaging Antibody for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (2022)

These data highlight the potential of the B7-H6/CD3 ITE to induce T cell-redirected lysis of tumor cells and recruitment of T cells into noninflamed tumor tissues, leading to antitumor activity in in vitro, in vivo, and human tumor slice cultures, which supports further evaluation in a clinical study.
An Analytical Model for Hot-Carrier-Induced Degradation of Submicron N-MOSFET (1996)

This paper presents a generalized version of the MOS charge-sheet model which physically incorporates nonuniform distribution of defects along the channel into the analysis. The model has been applied to study the effect of the localized hot-carrier degradation near the drain on the electrical behavior of a short channel nMOS transistor. A good fitting has been achieved between the experimental data and the simulation.
Real-Time and DSP-Free 128 Gb/s PAM-4 Link Using a Binary Driven Silicon Photonic Transmitter (2018)

Optical transmitters for four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) have attracted a significant amount of research in recent years, in large part due to the standardization of the format for the 200 and 400 Gigabit Ethernet optical interconnects in data centers. However, combining low-power and linear operation of the electro-optical frontend with sufficiently large bandwidths has proven challenging, especially for the 100 Gb/s/λ links (i.e., employing 50 Gbaud PAM-4). The most straightforward solution has been to deal with the non-idealities of the modulator in the electrical domain: predistorting the signal levels and/or equalizing the frequency response with the help of digital signal processing (DSP). However, this typically requires fast digital-to-analog converters (DACs), either capable of delivering large swings (> 1 Vpp) or supplemented with an additional linear amplifier to drive the optical modulator. Both options substantially increase the power consumption and the complexity of the transceiver. Rather than allocating effort to linearize the electrical to optical conversion of a single modulator, we propose a topology that performs the DAC operation in the optical domain. Two compact electro-absorption modulators in an interferometer layout are driven with NRZ data to generate the four-level signal in the optical domain. Using this topology, we demonstrate the first real-time 128 Gb/s PAM-4 transmission with a silicon photonic transmitter in a chip-to-chip link. In a back-to-back setup, we obtained a bit-error ratio (BER) of 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> without requiring any DAC, DSP, or modulators with large traveling wave structures. Over 1 km of standard single mode fiber a BER of 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> is recorded, still well below the KP4 forward error-coding limit. These results correspond to the lowest BERs reported for any real-time PAM-4 link at 100 Gb/s or higher, illustrating the benefit of performing the DAC operation in the optical domain.
Enhanced Brain Delivery of an Anti-HIV Nucleoside 2'-F-ara-ddI by Xanthine Oxidase Mediated Biotransformation (1994)

In order to enhance the brain delivery of 2'-F-ara-ddI,2'-F-ara-ddP 6 was synthesized and its in vitro and in vivo bioconversion reaction studied. For the study, a new efficient synthetic method for 2'-F-ara-ddP 6 was developed from 5-benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxyribose 1. For in vitro study 2'-F-ara-ddP was incubated in pH 2, mouse liver homogenate, and mouse serum at 37 degrees C. No degradation was observed in pH 2 and serum, while in liver homogenate 2'-F-ara-ddP was almost completely converted to 2'-F-ara-ddI within 20 min (t1/2 = 3.54 min). In order to determine the role of xanthine oxidase in the conversion of 2'-F-ara-ddP to 2'-F-ara-ddI, in vitro studies were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) in the presence or absence of allopurinol, in which the half-lives of 2'-F-ara-ddP were 7.4 and 3.4 h, respectively, indicating the conversions were catalyzed by the xanthine oxidase. A similar experiment with aldehyde oxidase isolated from the human liver did not affect the biotransformation. The biotransformation was also detected in the brain homogenate, although the rate of conversion was low and incomplete. In order to assess the bioconversion in vivo, pharmacokinetic studies of 2'-F-ara-ddP and 2'-F-ara-ddI were conducted in mice. The maximum serum concentrations of 2'-F-ara-ddI administered itself and as 2'-F-ara-ddP reached 48.1 +/- 10.00 and 89.3 +/- 26.0 microM and were observed in 1 and 0.25 h, respectively. The data indicate that 2'-F-ara-ddI is absorbed at a slower rate than that of 2'-F-raa-ddP. The bioavailability of the prodrug after oral administration was 60.7%. The concentration of 2'-F-ara-ddI following oral administration of 2'-ara-ddI was close to the detection limits while 2'-F-ara-ddI was detected at significantly higher concentrations in the brain after oral administration of 2'-F-ara-ddP. From this study, we have administered the enhanced brain delivery of anti-HIV nucleoside utilizing an in vivo biotransformation system.
Piezoelectric transformer operating in thickness extensional vibration and its application to switching converter (2002)

A new type of piezoelectric transformer (PT) power converter incorporating the ZVS technique is presented. A combination of the ZVS technique and the PT successfully achieves higher efficiency. For low output voltage, using half-bridge rectifier stage, the converter achieved 72% efficiency, at V/sub in/=80 V, V/sub o/=11.8 V, and P/sub o/=5 W. For medium output voltage, using full-bridge rectifier stage, the converter achieved 83% efficiency at V/sub in/=80 V, V/sub o/=40 V, and P/sub o/=10.7 W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantitative proteomics of Xenopus laevis embryos: expression kinetics of nearly 4000 proteins during early development (2014)

While there is a rich literature on transcription dynamics during the development of many organisms, protein data is limited. We used iTRAQ isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry to generate the largest developmental proteomic dataset for any animal. Expression dynamics of nearly 4,000 proteins of Xenopus laevis was generated from fertilized egg to neurula embryo. Expression clusters into groups. The cluster profiles accurately reflect the major events that mark changes in gene expression patterns during early Xenopus development. We observed decline in the expression of ten DNA replication factors after the midblastula transition (MBT), including a marked decline of the licensing factor XCdc6. Ectopic expression of XCdc6 leads to apoptosis; temporal changes in this protein are critical for proper development. Measurement of expression in single embryos provided no evidence for significant protein heterogeneity between embryos at the same stage of development.
Data from Deletion at Fragile Sites Is a Common and Early Event in Barrett's Esophagus (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant intermediate to esophageal adenocarcinoma, which develops in the context of chronic inflammation and exposure to bile and acid. We asked whether there might be common genomic alterations that could be identified as potential clinical biomarker(s) for BE by whole genome profiling. We detected copy number alterations and/or loss of heterozygosity at 56 fragile sites in 20 patients with premalignant BE. Chromosomal fragile sites are particularly sensitive to DNA breaks and are frequent sites of rearrangement or loss in many human cancers. Seventy-eight percent of all genomic alterations detected by array-CGH were associated with fragile sites. Copy number losses in early BE were observed at particularly high frequency at FRA3B (81%), FRA9A/C (71.4%), FRA5E (52.4%), and FRA 4D (52.4%), and at lower frequencies in other fragile sites, including FRA1K (42.9%), FRAXC (42.9%), FRA 12B (33.3%), and FRA16D (33.3%). Due to the consistency of the region of copy number loss, we were able to verify these results by quantitative PCR, which detected the loss of FRA3B and FRA16D, in 83% and 40% of early molecular stage BE patients, respectively. Loss of heterozygosity in these cases was confirmed through pyrosequencing at FRA3B and FRA16D (75% and 70%, respectively). Deletion and genomic instability at FRA3B and other fragile sites could thus be a biomarker of genetic damage in BE patients and a potential biomarker of cancer risk. Mol Cancer Res; 8(8); 1084–94. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Reply to “Comment on ‘Analysis of hydroxyl group controlled atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide from hafnium tetrachloride and water” ’ [J. Appl. Phys. 95, 4777 (2004)] (2005)

This response addresses the comments of Alam and Green [J. Appl. Phys. 98, 016101 (2005)] on my article [J. Appl. Phys. 95, 4777 (2004)]. All comments were related to their model [J. Appl. Phys. 94, 3403 (2003)], which I used as a tool for analyzing the origin of substrate-inhibited growth in atomic layer deposition.
A Cav3.2/Syntaxin-1A Signaling Complex Controls T-type Channel Activity and Low-threshold Exocytosis (2011)

T-type calcium channels represent a key pathway for Ca(2+) entry near the resting membrane potential. Increasing evidence supports a unique role of these channels in fast and low-threshold exocytosis in an action potential-independent manner, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unknown. Here, we report the existence of a syntaxin-1A/Ca(v)3.2 T-type calcium channel signaling complex that relies on molecular determinants that are distinct from the synaptic protein interaction site (synprint) found in synaptic high voltage-activated calcium channels. This interaction potently modulated Ca(v)3.2 channel activity, by reducing channel availability. Other members of the T-type calcium channel family were also regulated by syntaxin-1A, but to a smaller extent. Overexpression of Ca(v)3.2 channels in MPC 9/3L-AH chromaffin cells induced low-threshold secretion that could be prevented by uncoupling the channels from syntaxin-1A. Altogether, our findings provide compelling evidence for the existence of a syntaxin-1A/T-type Ca(2+) channel signaling complex and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which these channels control low-threshold exocytosis.
Integration strategies in Pegasus object oriented multidatabase system (1992)

The paper identifies various problems in integrating schema, data and methods in heterogeneous systems and describes the strategies used in Pegasus to deal with them. Pegasus is an object-oriented multidatabase system that is being developed at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. The goal of the first running prototype is to provide facilities for multidatabase applications to access and manipulate multiple autonomous heterogeneous object-oriented and relational databases. Pegasus provides both type and procedural abstractions to support integration. Type abstraction is used to organize objects from multiple databases in categories that are related by having some common properties. The common properties of objects in different databases may be in incompatible forms or in inconsistent states. The system provides procedural abstraction that enables the schema integrator to develop arbitrary mappings between data from different sources and to write necessary transformations to convert object properties to a common form. Because of the importance of existing relational databases, some important integration techniques are demonstrated through the object-oriented views over SQL databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SI-TM (2014)

Transactional memory represents an attractive conceptual model for programming concurrent applications. Unfortunately, high transaction abort rates can cause significant performance degradation. Conventional transactional memory realizations not only pessimistically abort transactions on every read-write conflict but also because of false sharing, cache evictions, TLB misses, page faults and interrupts. Consequently, the use of transactions needs to be restricted to a very small number of operations to achieve predictable performance, thereby, limiting its benefit to programming simplification. In this paper, we investigate snapshot isolation transactional memory in which transactions operate on memory snapshots that always guarantee consistent reads. By exploiting snapshots, an established database model of transactions, transactions can ignore read-write conflicts and only need to abort on write-write conflicts. Our implementation utilizes a memory controller that supports multiversion memory, to efficiently support snapshotting in hardware.We show that snapshot isolation can reduce the number of aborts in some cases by three orders of magnitude and improve performance by up to 20x.
Frequent discordance betweenERGgene rearrangement and ERG protein expression in a rapid autopsy cohort of patients with lethal, metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (2014)

These data reveal frequent discordance between ERG IHC and ERG FISH in ERG(pos) patients from this unique cohort of heavily treated lethal mCRPC.
Cantiga ao desafio e estetização da fala: natureza, modalidades, funções (2003)

Propõe-se neste artigo uma teoria da cantiga ao desafio portuguesa quer no plano individual, enquanto acto criativo pessoal, quer no plano comunitário, equacionando o fenómeno como processo sociocultural. A interdisciplinaridade multivectorial do enfoque evidencia a complexidade de uma especificidade poético-musical que não se esgota em componentes técnico-literárias e musicais. Exercício lúdico-inventivo com muito de antropológico e sociológico, poesia em acção, o desafio concretiza-se como macropoema dialógico constituído por dois poemas orais individuais que se cruzam numa alternância de forças, tensões e distensões variáveis. A dimensão textual é a materialidade mais visível de uma orgânica que obedece a leis de improvisação em que participam elementos linguístico-literários (arte poética, gramática, retórica, estilística, temas e remas), mas também factores extratextuais com os quais os contendores interagem de forma muito estreita (a audiência e o aparato tecnológico que envolve algumas actuações, com vista à sua mediatização).
A 380-MHz CMOS linear-in-dB signal-summing variable gain amplifier with gain compensation techniques for CDMA systems (2003)

A linear-in-dB signal-summing Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) is fabricated in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Two gain compensation techniques are proposed in order to compensate the gain deviations due to the MOSFET characteristic which has a square-law characteristic or an exponential-law characteristic determined by its current density. Temperature compensation techniques are also proposed. A gain range of 80 dB, a gain error of within /spl plusmn/3 dB, an NF of 11 dB are obtained at 380 MHz by measurement.