gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Antiglaucoma Agent and EP2 Receptor Agonist Omidenepag Does Not Affect Eyelash Growth in Mice (2020)

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The present study investigated the effects of the antiglaucoma agent and selective E2 receptor agonist omidenepag isopropyl (OMDI) on eyelash growth in comparison with a prostaglandin analog (prostamide receptor agonist) in mice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Four-week-old female mice (C57BL/6J) were divided into 3 groups of <i>n</i> = 10 each. The groups were administered 3 μL of 0.003% OMDI solution, the vehicle (negative control), or a 0.03% bimatoprost solution (positive control) on the upper eyelids of the right eyes once daily for 14 days. On the 15th day, all animals were euthanized, and the upper eyelids with eyelashes were fixed with 10% neutral formalin. Eyelashes were evaluated for number, length, and thickness using a stereomicroscope. Specimens were then paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, followed by microscopic examination to assess eyelash morphology and growth cycle. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eyelash number (143.5 ± 6.7/eyelid), thickness, and percentage of dermal papilla in the anagen phase in the OMDI group were similar to those observed in the vehicle group (eyelash number, 144.2 ± 5.7/eyelid). In contrast, eyelash number (166.7 ± 7.0/eyelid), thickness, and the percentage of dermal papilla in the anagen phase were significantly greater in the bimatoprost group compared with those of the vehicle group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Unlike existing prostaglandin analogs, our findings indicate that OMDI has no effect on eyelash growth in mice, suggesting that it may be a promising antiglaucoma agent with a reduced number of adverse effects.
Enzymatic- and Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of a Benzothiazepinylphosphonate Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor (2013)

A synthesis of the benzothiazepine phosphonic acid 3, employing both enzymatic and transition metal catalysis, is described. The quaternary chiral center of 3 was obtained by resolution of ethyl (2-ethyl)norleucinate (4) with porcine liver esterase (PLE) immobilized on Sepabeads. The resulting (R)-amino acid (5) was converted in two steps to aminosulfate 7, which was used for construction of the benzothiazepine ring. Benzophenone 15, prepared in four steps from trimethylhydroquinone 11, enabled sequential incorporation of phosphorus (Arbuzov chemistry) and sulfur (Pd(0)-catalyzed thiol coupling) leading to mercaptan intermediate 18. S-Alkylation of 18 with aminosulfate 7 followed by cyclodehydration afforded dihydrobenzothiazepine 20. Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 20 with the complex of [Ir(COD)2BArF] (26) and Taniaphos ligand P afforded the (3R,5R)-tetrahydrobenzothiazepine 30 following flash chromatography. Oxidation of 30 to sulfone 31 and phosphonate hydrolysis completed the synthesis of 3 in 12 steps and 13% overall yield.
Automated Catheter Tip Repositioning for Intra-cardiac Echocardiography (2022)

Purpose: Intra-Cardiac Echocardiography (ICE) is a powerful imaging modality for guiding cardiac electrophysiology and structural heart interventions. ICE provides real-time observation of anatomy and devices, while enabling direct monitoring of potential complications. In single operator settings, the physician needs to switch back-and-forth between the ICE catheter and therapy device, making continuous ICE support impossible. Two operators setup are therefore sometimes implemented, with the challenge of increase room occupation and cost. Two operator setups are sometimes implemented, but increase procedural costs and room occupation. Methods: ICE catheter robotic control system is developed with automated catheter tip repositioning (i.e. view recovery) method, which can reproduce important views previously navigated to and saved by the user. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated and evaluated in a combination of heart phantom and animal experiments. Results: Automated ICE view recovery achieved catheter tip position accuracy of 2.09 +/-0.90 mm and catheter image orientation accuracy of 3.93 +/- 2.07 degree in animal studies, and 0.67 +/- 0.79 mm and 0.37 +/- 0.19 degree in heart phantom studies, respectively. Our proposed method is also successfully used during transeptal puncture in animals without complications, showing the possibility for fluoro-less transeptal puncture with ICE catheter robot. Conclusion: Robotic ICE imaging has the potential to provide precise and reproducible anatomical views, which can reduce overall execution time, labor burden of procedures, and x-ray usage for a range of cardiac procedures. Keywords: Automated View Recovery, Path Planning, Intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE), Catheter, Tendon-driven manipulator, Cardiac Imaging
Enhanced extraction of rare earth elements by novel tuned diglycolamides (2017)

International audience
ALD of Ultrathin Ternary Oxide Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting (2015)

Semiconducting oxides, particularly mixtures of different transition-metal oxides, are promising materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Assessment of these materials is often complicated by inadequate dispersion of the materials, charge transport limitations, and lack of surface area characterization. Thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) present an excellent way to overcome these issues. Here, we present the first work using ALD to investigate ternary oxide electrocatalysts, specifically with the Ti–Mn ternary oxide system. Thin-film mixtures of between 1.4 and 2.8 nm in thickness are successfully synthesized by ALD and show a high degree of mixing. At compositions between ∼10 and 70% Mn:(Mn+Ti), there is a reduction in ALD growth rate relative to the growth rates of the binary constituents. Moreover, we observe a shift in the chemical binding energies of both Mn and Ti over this composition range. An elevation in the activity of Mn active sites for OER is observed with increasing MnOx content in TiO2, increasing the turnover frequency (TOF) by approximately an order of magnitude. These results are consistent with previous DFT calculations. We also explore the effect of film thickness of the ternary metal oxide on catalytic activity, highlighting how ALD allows for charge transport limitations to be minimized.
Covering effect of conductive glass: a facile route to tailor the grain growth of hybrid perovskites for highly efficient solar cells (2018)

A feasible and facile method to control the nucleation and growth process of perovskite grains is introduced for conductive glass to assist the perovskite film annealing process, and a maximum PCE of 18.08% can be achieved in the ultimately formed perovskite solar cell.
Simplified inverse Fourier transform technique to determine second-order optical nonlinearity profiles using a reference sample (2004)

A new technique to uniquely determine the nonlinearity profile of nonlinear thin films using a known reference sample is demonstrated. This method is simpler, faster, and experimentally easier to implement than earlier techniques.
The Transcription Factor Sp1 Regulates the Myeloid-specific Expression of the Human Hematopoietic Cell Kinase (HCK) Gene through Binding to Two Adjacent GC Boxes within the HCK Promoter-Proximal Region (1998)

The human hemopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a member of the src family of protein tyrosine kinases specifically expressed in myeloid cells and to a minor extent in B-lymphoid cells. HCK expression is up-regulated at the transcriptional level during myeloid differentiation of hematopoietic cells. To elucidate the molecular basis of the differential HCK gene expression, the genomic region containing the HCK promoter was isolated and functionally characterized. A DNA fragment containing 101 base pairs of the 5'-flanking sequence showed strong promoter activity in the macrophage cell line RAW264 but was inactive in the non-monocytic cell lines HUT-78 and NIH-3T3. Site-directed mutagenesis of the proximal promoter region showed that two GC-rich sequence elements are essential for transcriptional activity in myeloid cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis using nuclear extracts obtained from RAW264 cells and from the promonocytic cell line U-937 revealed the formation of at least three distinct protein-DNA complexes at each of these sites, one of which was found to contain the transcription factor Sp1. Expression of a reporter gene linked to the -101 HCK promoter region was up-regulated by Sp1, but not by other members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors, in Drosophila Schneider cells. A synergistic effect on HCK promoter activity was observed at high concentrations of Sp1. Our results show that Sp1 plays an essential role in the regulation of the differential gene expression of the HCK gene.
Low-frequency noise in n-GaN with high electron mobility (1999)

We report on the results of measurements of low frequency noise in n-type gallium nitride (GaN) grown on sapphire with 300 K electron mobility of 790 cm2/V s. The noise spectra have the form of 1/f noise with a Hooge parameter α of approximately 5×10−2. This value of α is two orders of magnitude smaller than that observed before in n-GaN. The obtained results show that the level of flicker noise in GaN, just like that in GaAs and Si, strongly depends on the structural perfection of the material (the amplitude of the 1/f noise is much smaller in material with high mobility). The effects of band-to-band illumination on the low-frequency noise show that 1/f noise in GaN might be caused by the occupancy fluctuations of the tail states near the band edges. This mechanism of the 1/f noise is similar to that in GaAs and Si.
Shipping to streaming (2010)

Streaming movies over the Internet has become increasingly popular in recent years as an alternative to mailing DVDs to a customer. In this paper we investigate the environmental- and energy-related impacts of these two methods of movie content delivery. We compare the total energy consumed and the carbon footprint impact of these two delivery methods and find that the non-energy optimized streaming of a movie through the Internet consumes approximately 78% of the energy needed to ship a movie, but has a carbon footprint that is approximately 100% higher. However, by taking advantage of recently proposed "greening of IT" techniques in the research literature for the serving and transmission of the movie, we find that the energy consumption and carbon footprint of streaming can be reduced to approximately 30% and 65% respectively of that of shipping. We also consider how this tradeoff may change in the future.
Gene transfer of wild-type apoA-I and apoA-I Milano reduce atherosclerosis to a similar extent (2007)

Liver-directed AAV2.8-mediated gene transfer of wtApoA-I and ApoA-IM each significantly reduced atherosclerosis progression to a similar extent.
Axial-shear interaction effects on microdamage in bovine tibial trabecular bone (2005)

Because many osteoporotic fractures occur during a fall, understanding the effect of off-axis loads on initiation and propagation of microdamage in trabecular bone should provide further insight into the biomechanics of age-related fractures. Fourteen on-axis cylindrical specimens were prepared from 12 bovine tibiae. Fluorescent stains were used to label the microdamage due to a sequence of compressive and torsional damaging loads. The mean decrease in Young's modulus was over four times greater than that in the shear modulus after the compressive overload, while there was no difference between the decrease in the axial and torsional stiffnesses after the torsional overload. The total microcrack density due to compression was uniform across the radius of the cylindrical specimens, while the mean density of microcracks due to torsional overloading increased from the axis of the cylindrical specimen to the circumference. The high density of microcracks near the axis of the specimen following torsional overloading was unexpected because of the low strains. Nearly 40% of the microcracks due to torsion propagated from pre-existing microcracks caused by axial compression, indicating that existing microcracks may extend at relatively low strain if the loading mode changes. The propagating microcracks were, on average, longer than the initiating microcracks due to either compressive or torsional loading. Damage due to axial compression appears to increase the susceptibility of trabecular bone to damage propagation during subsequent torsional loads, but it has little effect on the elastic properties in shear.
Single-Stream Multi-Level Alignment for Vision-Language Pretraining (2022)

Self-supervised vision-language pretraining from pure images and text with a contrastive loss is effective, but ignores fine-grained alignment due to a dual-stream architecture that aligns image and text representations only on a global level. Earlier, supervised, non-contrastive methods were capable of finer-grained alignment, but required dense annotations that were not scalable. We propose a single stream architecture that aligns images and language at multiple levels: global, fine-grained patch-token, and conceptual/semantic, using two novel tasks: symmetric cross-modality reconstruction (XMM) and a pseudo-labeled key word prediction (PSL). In XMM, we mask input tokens from one modality and use cross-modal information to reconstruct the masked token, thus improving fine-grained alignment between the two modalities. In PSL, we use attention to select keywords in a caption, use a momentum encoder to recommend other important keywords that are missing from the caption but represented in the image, and then train the visual encoder to predict the presence of those keywords, helping it learn semantic concepts that are essential for grounding a textual token to an image region. We demonstrate competitive performance and improved data efficiency on image-text retrieval, grounding, visual question answering/reasoning against larger models and models trained on more data. Code and models available at zaidkhan.me/SIMLA.
Structure and Properties of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Interfaces (2012)

Although substantial improvements have been demonstrated for fuel cell technology over the past decade, challenges associated with cost and durability need to be overcome to compete in real markets and achieve wide-spread commercial success. Most researchers agree that the catalyst and the membrane are key components for which significant improvement could lead to solutions to these issues. However, as a potential route to solve cost and durability problems, structures and properties at interfaces have not been appropriately understood due to a lack of experimental methods to characterize these complex systems. Recently, in an effort to understand the transport and structural properties of the triple phase interfaces within polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, thin PEM films cast on flat substrates have been investigated with a variety of techniques to understand the structure and transport at vapor and catalyst surfaces. Since fuel cells are highly integrated systems of heterogeneous materials, the structure and activity at the various interfaces affect the overall performance as much as the individual components. In this review, we review recent efforts to measure structures and physical properties not only at the bulk PEM surface, but also at the heterogeneous interfaces found within the catalyst layers. To overcome longstanding experimental limitations, neutron reflectometry has been deomonstrated as a powerful tool to probe the buried interfacial structure of the PEM within the catalyst layer.
Holographic optical tweezers induced hierarchical supramolecular organization (2011)

In this paper, the authors demonstrate how holographic optical tweezers (HOT) can be used to control multiple nanocontainers with hitherto unknown precision and flexibility. For this purpose, the wave front of a 2.5 watts Nd:YVO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> continuous wave laser (λ=1064 nm) is structured in such a way that it creates multiple, independent optical traps when focussed by the high numerical aperture objective of a commercial inverted microscope. Tailoring of the wave front is realized with a computer-controlled phase-only spatial light modulator, which displays a series of holograms, calculated in real-time, and thus allows for interactive, dynamic control of all created traps.
Multifaceted ion exchange resin-supported hydrogen fluoride: a path to flow hydrofluorination (2018)

A solid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride equivalent was prepared by mixing HF gas with an inexpensive anion exchange resin (A26-HF, HF content 30% wt/wt).
Film properties and surface profile after gap fill of electrochemically deposited Cu films by DC and pulse reverse processes (2002)

The self-annealing and the surface reflectivity of Cu films prepared by electrochemical deposition (ECD) are obtained for the DC and pulse reverse processes. They show different behaviors for these two processes, and their behaviors can be well correlated with the grain size of the films. The mechanism of gap fill is discussed according to the surface profile after gap fill for these two processes. It is proposed that the gap filling is mainly controlled by the additive diffusion for the DC process, while it is mainly controlled by the additive adsorption for the pulse reverse process.
Usage and Applicability of Link State Vector Routing in Data Centers (2018)

This document discusses the usage and applicability of Link State
Vector Routing (LSVR) extensions in data center networks utilizing
CLOS or Fat-Tree topologies. The document is intended to provide a
simplified guide for the deployment of LSVR extensions.
Active biomonitoring with the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum: example of a relevant approach for multi-Scale effect assessment of contaminants (2015)

Providing information about the impact of pollutants at relevant biological levels is a crucial challenge to aquatic ecotoxicology. Indeed, using populations under field conditions to relate contamination levels and toxicity is hardly practicable. Here, we will present an approach developed for 10 years aiming to connect ecotoxicological effects at lower levels of biological organization to population adverse outcomes, focusing on in situ caging of the amphipod Gammarus fossarum - a dominant and engineer species of freshwater systems. Implementation of active biomonitoring relying on robust and reliable in situ bio-assays, combined with modelling, enabled to eliminate the influence of most confounding factors likely to weaken indication. Consecutive hindsight on organism response thus yielded threshold values for several markers (acetylcholinesterase activity, genotoxicity, feeding rate, reproductive parameters) above which situations of environmental contamination implying toxicity are revealed, overcoming the issues of confounding environmental influences and the necessity for reference values/sites. For ecological relevance, empirical comparisons, in the lab, of biomarker responses and alteration of life history traits, along with the development of population models, allowed us to define quantitative links between early warning responses of markers (which can be measured after a short exposure period) or individual effects (e.g. reproductive output) and higher organisational-level adverse outcomes. This makes possible to establish an interpretation grid of severity of potential ecological impact for ecotoxicological endpoints. In the light of large scale application programmes, we will illustrate how implementation of active biomonitoring with gammarids turns out to be highly valuable for chemical risk assessment/management in freshwater.
Serum or plasma? An old question looking for new answers (2019)

Serum or plasma? An old question looking for new answers. There is a continual debate on what type of sample a clinical laboratory should use. While serum is still considered the gold standard and remains the required sample for some assays, laboratories must consider turn-around time, which is an important metric for laboratory performance and, more importantly, plays a critical role in patient care. In addition, a body of evidence emphasise the choice of plasma in order to prevent modifications of some analytes due to the coagulation process and related interferences. Advantages and disadvantages of serum and plasma are discussed on the basis of current literature and evidence. In addition, data are provided on the current utilisation of the samples (serum or plasma) in Italy and in other countries. Finally, a rationale for a possible switch from serum to plasma is provided.
The Use of Polymers for Improving Chemical Sludge Dewatering on Sand Beds (1977)

Sand beds seldom are used for the drying of chemical sludges because of the tendency of these solids to penetrate into the bed or to drain poorly. Both of these problems can be overcome by polymer conditioning of the sludge prior to bed application. In the study reported, penetration of sludge into the bed, drainage rates, and drying rates were measured. Such data can be used for the prediction of sludge applications to beds and the time required for drying to permit economic comparison of this method for drying of chemical sludges to other disposal methods.
Measurement of the Semileptonic CP Asymmetry in B[superscript 0] - [bar over B][superscript 0] Mixing (2015)

The semileptonic CP asymmetry in B [superscript 0] - [bar over B][superscript 0] mixing, a[d over sl], is measured in proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb[superscript -1], recorded by the LHCb experiment. Semileptonic B[superscript 0] decays are reconstructed in the inclusive final states D[superscript -] μ[superscript +] and D*[superscript -] μ[superscript +], where the D[superscript -] meson decays into the K[superscript +]π[superscript -]π[superscript -] final state and the D*[superscript -] meson into the [bar over D][superscript 0](→K[superscript +]π[superscript -])π[superscript -] final state. The asymmetry between the numbers of D[superscript (*) -] μ[superscript +] and D[superscript (*)+] μ[superscript -] decays is measured as a function of the decay time of the B[superscript 0] mesons. The CP asymmetry is measured to be a[d over sl] = (-0.02±0.19±0.30)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the most precise measurement of a[d over sl] to date and is consistent with the prediction from the standard model.