gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SBS mitigation with multi-tone amplification: a theoretical model (2008)

Two approaches to two- and three-tone seeding of high power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers are investigated using a symbolic and numerical code that solves a two point boundary problem consisting of a 12&times;12 system of nonlinear differential equations. Optimization of amplifier action is considered in relation to the two most dominant nonlinear effects: stimulated Brillouin scattering and four-wave mixing. One approach uses a large wavelength separation among the input seed beams, while in the other approach the seeds are separated by precisely twice the Brillouin shift. It is found that for both techniques significant increase in amplifier output can be obtained, although for the latter case a substantial amount of power is generated in the four-wave mixing sidebands.
Preparation of Free-standing and Flexible Li4Ti5O12 electrodes for Li-ion Batteries through an Aqueous Process (2020)

The emergence of new flexible and wearable technologies should be performed with environmental and safety considerations1. To meet these challenging aspects, this research focused on a new aqueous slurry formulation for the preparation of flexible and free-standing electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Carbon black, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added to the active material. The anode material Li4Ti5O12 was chosen to develop this aqueous system thanks to it compatibility with aqueous process. The PVA/PEG ratio was optimized to obtain flexible and self-sustained electrodes after drying of the suspensions. The DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) measurements demonstrate the interaction between PVA and PEG polymers chains. SEM show good dispersion of all components within the electrodes. The PEG 6000 based electrodes displayed excellent electrochemical performances: up to 90% of the theoretical capacity at high current density (1C rate), which is comparable to the performances reported in the literature for flexible LTO electrode containing either CNTs or metallic current collector. Mild mechanical stress applied to the electrodes allowed to enhance the electrochemical performances. This could be related to the creation of tiny cracks leading to better penetration of the electrolyte in the electrode[2]. References 1- A.Vlad et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1402115 2- C. Piffet et al., Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 397, 125508
Inhibition of arginine aminopeptidase by bestatin and arphamenine analogs. Evidence for a new mode of binding to aminopeptidases (1988)

The synthesis and inhibition kinetics of a new, potent inhibitor of arginine aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase B; EC 3.4.11.6) are reported. The inhibitor is a reduced isostere of bestatin in which the amide carbonyl is replaced by the methylene (-CH2-) moiety. Analysis of the inhibition of arginine aminopeptidase by this inhibitor according to the method of Lineweaver and Burk yields an unusual noncompetitive double-reciprocal plot. The replot of the slopes versus [inhibitor] is linear (Kis = 66 nM), but the replot of the y intercepts (1/V) versus [inhibitor] is hyperbolic (Kii = 10 nM, Kid = 17 nM). These results provide evidence for a kinetic mechanism in which the inhibitor binds to the S1' and S2' subsites on the enzyme, not the S1 and S1' subsites occupied by dipeptide substrates. Furthermore, structure-activity data for a series of ketomethylene dipeptide isosteres in which the amide (-CONH-) of a dipeptide is replaced with the ketomethylene (-COCH2-) moiety show that the S1 and S1' subsites preferentially bind basic and aromatic side chains, respectively. These results are in agreement with the known substrate specificity of arginine aminopeptidase. The structure-activity data for several bestatin analogues, however, show that these compounds do not bind to the S1 and S1' sites of arginine aminopeptidase. A comparison of the data provides evidence that bestatin inhibits arginine aminopeptidase and possibly other aminopeptidases by binding to the S1' and S2' sites of the enzyme.
Stabilization of Electrocatalytic Metal Nanoparticles at Metal−Metal Oxide−Graphene Triple Junction Points (2011)

Carbon-supported precious metal catalysts are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis, and enhancement of catalyst dispersion and stability by controlling the interfacial structure is highly desired. Here we report a new method to deposit metal oxides and metal nanoparticles on graphene and form stable metal-metal oxide-graphene triple junctions for electrocatalysis applications. We first synthesize indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystals directly on functionalized graphene sheets, forming an ITO-graphene hybrid. Platinum nanoparticles are then deposited, forming a unique triple-junction structure (Pt-ITO-graphene). Our experimental work and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the supported Pt nanoparticles are more stable at the Pt-ITO-graphene triple junctions. Furthermore, DFT calculations suggest that the defects and functional groups on graphene also play an important role in stabilizing the catalysts. These new catalyst materials were tested for oxygen reduction for potential applications in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, and they exhibited greatly enhanced stability and activity.
The yin and yang of co-inhibitory receptors: toward anti-tumor immunity without autoimmunity (2020)

Co-inhibitory receptors are important regulators of T-cell function that define the balance between tolerance and autoimmunity. The immune regulatory function of co-inhibitory receptors, including CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, and LAG-3, was first discovered in the setting of autoimmune disease models, in which their blockade or deficiency resulted in induction or exacerbation of the disease. Later on, co-inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes have also been found to influence outcomes in tumor and chronic viral infection settings. These receptors suppress T-cell function in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby making the T cells dysfunctional. Based on this observation, blockade of co-inhibitory receptors (also known as checkpoint molecules) has emerged as a successful treatment option for a number of human cancers. However, severe autoimmune-like side effects limit the use of therapeutics that block individual or combinations of co-inhibitory receptors for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of the role of co-inhibitory receptors in autoimmunity and anti-tumor immunity. We then discuss current approaches and future directions to leverage our knowledge of co-inhibitory receptors to target them in tumor immunity without inducing autoimmunity.
Genetically engineered mice as animal models for NIDDM. (1997)

International audience
Noninvasive Metabolic Imaging of Engineered 3D Human Adipose Tissue in a Perfusion Bioreactor (2013)

The efficacy and economy of most in vitro human models used in research is limited by the lack of a physiologically-relevant three-dimensional perfused environment and the inability to noninvasively quantify the structural and biochemical characteristics of the tissue. The goal of this project was to develop a perfusion bioreactor system compatible with two-photon imaging to noninvasively assess tissue engineered human adipose tissue structure and function in vitro. Three-dimensional (3D) vascularized human adipose tissues were engineered in vitro, before being introduced to a perfusion environment and tracked over time by automated quantification of endogenous markers of metabolism using two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). Depth-resolved image stacks were analyzed for redox ratio metabolic profiling and compared to prior analyses performed on 3D engineered adipose tissue in static culture. Traditional assessments with H&E staining were used to qualitatively measure extracellular matrix generation and cell density with respect to location within the tissue. The distribution of cells within the tissue and average cellular redox ratios were different between static and perfusion cultures, while the trends of decreased redox ratio and increased cellular proliferation with time in both static and perfusion cultures were similar. These results establish a basis for noninvasive optical tracking of tissue structure and function in vitro, which can be applied to future studies to assess tissue development or drug toxicity screening and disease progression.
Highly branched radial block copolymers via dendritic initiation of aliphatic polyesters (1998)

Living ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated from the numerous chain-end hydroxymethyl groups of the analogous dendrimeric and hyperbranched polyesters derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid is described. By controlling the size of the dendritic macromolecule and the molar ratio of ε-caprolactone, a variety of highly branched radial block copolymers are obtained. Comparison of the results obtained for the dendrimeric and hyperbranched initiators demonstrates that the reactivity of the chain-end hydroxymethyl groups in the dendrimer are significantly greater than in the isomeric hyperbranched case. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2793–2798, 1998
PREPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN A (rOspA) OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI SENSU STRICTO AND BORRELIA AFZELII (2005)

The recombinant Outer surface protein A (rOspA) from Borrelia burgdorferi is a possible immunogen for protection of infected humans and animals against development of Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease), a chronic tick-borne disease characterised by diverse dermatologic, neurologic, rheumatic, and cardiac manifestations. For several years, research and development have been directed towards a vaccine for the prevention of this debilitating disease. Numerous animal studies demonstrate that pre-existing antibodies against the outer surface proteins of B. burgdorferi can prevent infection and disease caused by this organism. In this communication, using recombinant DNA technology, genes from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. afzelii were inserted into E. coli-expression vectors and the rOspA were produced. Our aim was to obtain rOspA protein in a purity and quantity desirable for immunization of experimental animals. rOspA is currently the most developed, molecularly-defined vaccine candidate for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis.
Fruit carotenoid‐deficient mutants in tomato reveal a function of the plastidial isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI1) in carotenoid biosynthesis (2016)

Isoprenoids consist of a large class of compounds that are present in all living organisms. They are derived from the 5C building blocks isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP). In plants, IDP is synthesized in the cytoplasm from mevalonic acid via the MVA pathway, and in plastids from 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate through the MEP pathway. The enzyme IDP isomerase (IDI) catalyzes the interconversion between IDP and DMADP. Most plants contain two IDI enzymes, the functions of which are characteristically compartmentalized in the cells. Carotenoids are isoprenoids that play essential roles in photosynthesis and provide colors to flowers and fruits. They are synthesized in the plastids via the MEP pathway. Fruits of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) accumulate high levels of the red carotene lycopene. We have identified mutations in tomato that reduce overall carotenoid accumulation in fruits. Four alleles of a locus named FRUIT CAROTENOID DEFICIENT 1 (fcd1) were characterized. Map-based cloning of fcd1 indicated that this gene encodes the plastidial enzyme IDI1. Lack of IDI1 reduced the concentration of carotenoids in fruits, flowers and cotyledons, but not in mature leaves. These results indicate that the plastidial IDI plays an important function in carotenoid biosynthesis, thus highlighting its role in optimizing the ratio between IDP and DMADP as precursors for different downstream isoprenoid pathways.
Tumor targeting cetuximab conjugated europium microspheres for Cherenkov excited luminescence scanned imaging (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Cherenkov emission, which is generated during radiation therapy, can be utilized for imaging that is synergistic with radiation therapy. Cherenkov light can be utilized to excite phosphors, which then can be imaged utilizing Cherenkov excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI). Europium chelate microspheres, which exhibit bright luminescence with long luminescent lifetime, were appended with multiple copies of cetuximab. This will allow for selective imaging of EGFR overexpressing tumors during the course of radiation therapy via CELSI. We have characterized the functionality of the cetuximab loaded microspheres in vitro via ELISA, as well as via fluorescence microscopy in EGFR overexpressing A431 cells. These microspheres were intravenously injected into athymic nude mice bearing A431 flank tumors and allowed to incubate for a series of time points. They were then imaged first via standard fluorescence imaging to determine the ideal time point for visualizing tumors via CELSI. After demonstrating selective accumulation in tumors, imaging was then undertaken in vivo via CELSI. These antibody conjugated europium microspheres provide promise to image tumors selectively with CELSI. Future studies involve conjugating other antibodies to the europium microspheres to utilize in CELSI.
Protein Labeling and Crosslinking by Covalent Aptamers (2021)

We developed a new approach to selectively modify native proteins in their biological environment using electrophilic covalent aptamers. These aptamers are generated through introduction of a proximity-driven electrophile at specific nucleotide sites. Using thrombin as a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that covalent aptamers can selectively transfer a variety of functional handles and/or irreversibly crosslink to the target protein. This approach offers broad programmability and high target specificity. Furthermore, it addresses issues common to aptamers such as instability towards endogenous nucleases and residence times during target engagement. Covalent aptamers are new tools that enable specific protein modification and sensitive protein detection. Moreover, they provide prolonged, nuclease-resistant enzyme inhibition.
Polymer exhaust for eliminating extruder transients (2023)

An additive manufacturing method that includes an extruder providing a supply of working material and a nozzle connected with respect to the extruder, the nozzle directing the working material to a deposit surface. A diverter valve is positioned between the extruder and the nozzle to direct the working material to an exhaust port away from the deposit surface under certain conditions.
System identification-based lead-acid battery online monitoring system for electric vehicles (2010)

A system identification-based model for the online monitoring of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is presented. This algorithm uses a combination of battery voltage and current measurements plus battery data sheet information to implement model-based estimation of the stored energy, also referred to as state-of-charge (SOC), and power capability, also referred to as state-of-function (SOF), for deep-cycle batteries. This online monitoring scheme has been implemented for a bank of deep-cycle lead-acid batteries and experimental laboratory tests using simulated driving cycles have yielded promising results. In addition, actual road data from an EV powered by these same batteries has been analyzed with the proposed model to demonstrate the system's usefulness in determining the battery state-of-health (SOH). Finally, the limitation of the use of a linear model for battery terminal voltage behavior is discussed.
Single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of bulk aqueous solutions at oceanic pressures: interrelationship of gate delay and pulse energy (2008)

The ability of oceanographers to make sustained measurements of ocean processes is limited by the number of available sensors for long-term in situ analysis. In recent years, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been identified as a viable technique to develop into an oceanic chemical sensor. We performed single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of high pressure bulk aqueous solutions to detect three analytes (sodium, manganese, and calcium) that are of key importance in hydrothermal vent fluids, an ocean environment that would greatly benefit from the development of an oceanic LIBS sensor. The interrelationship of the key experimental parameters, pulse energy and gate delay, for a range of pressures up to 2.76x10(7) Pa, is studied. A minimal effect of pressure on the peak intensity is observed. A short gate delay (less than 200 ns) must be used at all pressures. The ability to use a relatively low laser pulse energy (less than approximately 60 mJ) for detection of analytes at high pressure is also established. Na, Mn, and Ca are detectable at pressures up to 2.76x10(7) Pa at 50, 500, and 50 ppm, respectively, using an Echelle spectrometer.
Prediction Oriented QSAR Modelling of EGFR Inhibition (2006)

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a high priority target in anticancer drug research. Thousands of very effective EGFR inhibitors have been developed in the last decade. The known inhibitors are originated from a very diverse chemical space but--without exception--all of them act at the Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) binding site of the enzyme. We have collected all of the diverse inhibitor structures and the relevant biological data obtained from comparable assays and built prediction oriented Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) which models the ATP binding pocket's interactive surface from the ligand side. We describe a QSAR method with automatic Variable Subset Selection (VSS) by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and goodness-of-prediction driven QSAR model building, resulting an externally validated EGFR inhibitory model built from pIC50 values of a diverse structural set of 623 EGFR inhibitors. Repeated Trainings/Evaluations (RTE) were used to obtain model fitness values and the effectiveness of VSS is amplified by using predictive ability scores of descriptors. Numerous models were generated by different methods and viable models were collected. Then, intensive RTE were applied to identify ultimate models for external validations. Finally, suitable models were validated by statistical tests. Since we use calculated molecular descriptors in the modeling, these models are suitable for virtual screening for obtaining novel potential EGFR inhibitors.
Pillared 2-D MOFs Based on a Lower-Rim Acid-Appended Calix[4]arene. (2014)

Calixarenes have been the focus of intense research study of both their organic and metal-coordinated chemistry over the past twenty or so years. Calixarenes generally have intrinsic cavities in their cone or partial cone structures, often filled with coordinated or non-coordinated solvent of crystallization, or filled with substituents from neighboring calixarene molecules. Much of this research has generated molecular, or zero-dimensional compounds, rather than oligomeric or polymeric materials. The shape and size of the calixarene molecules and complexes has led to their use in separation science, catalysis, imaging, etc. Over the same time period, studies on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have also been prominent, driven mainly by the ambition to store gases like hydrogen or trap CO 2 . Metal ions form nodes and bond to organic spacers which generate a rigid or flexible poly-dimensional framework with pores. This research contribution marries the two fields and incorporates calixarene molecules, with their inherent pores, into MOFs. Solvothermal reactions of the lower-rim functionalized diacid calix[4]arene 25,27-bis(methoxycarboxylic acid)-26,28-dihydroxy-4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (LH 2 ) with Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and the dipyridyl ligands 4,4′-bipyridyl (4,4′-bipy), 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (DPE) or 4,4′-azopyridyl (4,4′-azopy) afforded a series of 2-D structures of the formulae {[Zn(4,4′-bipy)(L)]·2¼DEF}n (1, Fig. 1.), {[Zn 2 (L)(DPE)]·DEF}n (2) and {[Zn(OH 2 ) 2 (L)(4,4′-azopy)]·DEF}n (3) (DEF = diethylformamide)1. Figure 1. {[Zn(4,4′-bipy)(L)]·2¼DEF}n (1)
(Keynote) Oxide based Resistive Memories for Low Power Embedded Applications and Neuromorphic Systems (2015)

Oxide based resistive memories (OxRAMs) is one of the potential candidates for non-volatile logic circuits and neuromorphic circuits in the applications of wearable devices, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and big-data processing. One of the main OxRAMs issue is the noise behavior of the high resistance state (HRS). In this work, we will demonstrate a hybrid (CMOS logic plus ReRAM devices) Non Volatile Flip Flop designed to face OxRAM variability. Concerning neuromorphic circuits, we will focus on the impact of resistance variability on the performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) systems for visual pattern recognition applications.
Bacterial terpene biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering (2019)

Terpenoids are the largest and structurally most diverse class of natural products. They possess potent and specific biological activity in multiple assays and against diseases, including cancer and malaria as notable examples. Although the number of characterized terpenoid molecules is huge, our knowledge of how they are biosynthesized is limited, particularly when compared to the well-studied thiotemplate assembly lines. Bacteria have only recently been recognized as having the genetic potential to biosynthesize a large number of complex terpenoids, but our current ability to associate genetic potential with molecular structure is severely restricted. The canonical terpene biosynthetic pathway uses a single enzyme to form a cyclized hydrocarbon backbone followed by modifications with a suite of tailoring enzymes that can generate dozens of different products from a single backbone. This functional promiscuity of terpene biosynthetic pathways renders terpene biosynthesis susceptible to rational pathway engineering using the latest developments in the field of synthetic biology. These engineered pathways will not only facilitate the rational creation of both known and novel terpenoids, their development will deepen our understanding of a significant branch of biosynthesis. The biosynthetic insights gained will likely empower a greater degree of engineering proficiency for non-natural terpene biosynthetic pathways and pave the way towards the biotechnological production of high value terpenoids.
The method of attachment influences accelerometer-based activity data in dogs (2016)

While accelerometer-based activity monitors are useful tools to objectively assess physical activity in dogs, care must be taken when choosing a method to attach the device. The attachment of the activity monitor to the collar should utilize a second, dedicated collar that is not used for leash attachment and the attachment method should remain consistent throughout a study period.
Development of a robot finger for five-fingered hand using ultrasonic motors (2004)

A robot finger is developed for five-fingered robot hand having equal number of DOF to human hand. The robot hand is driven by a new method proposed by authors using ultrasonic motors and elastic elements. The method utilizes restoring force of elastic element as driving power for grasping an object, so that the hand can perform the soft and stable grasping motion with no power supply. In addition, all the components are placed inside the hand thanks to the ultrasonic motors with compact size and high torque at low speed. Applying the driving method to multi-DOF mechanism, a robot index finger is designed and implemented. It has equal number of joints and DOF to human index finger, and it is also equal in size to the finger of average adult male. The performance of the robot finger is confirmed by fundamental driving test.