gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vacuum Pyrolysis−Matrix Isolation FTIR and Density Functional Theoretical Studies of Transient Dimethylgermanone, (CH3)2GeO (1998)

The transient organic germanone (CH3)2GeO (1) was generated by vacuum pyrolysis from three precursors, 3,3-dimethyl-6-oxa-3-germabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (2) and its 1,3,3,5-tetramethyl analogue (3) and octamethylcyclotetragermoxane (4), and directly observed in argon cryogenic solid matrixes at 12 K by FTIR spectroscopy. The unstable dimer of 1tetramethyl-1,3-cyclodigermoxane (6)has been tentatively identified in the spectra of matrix-isolated pyrolysis products from 2−4. The production of the transient germene (CH3)2GeCH2 (9) and acrolein from 2 and of isopropenyl methyl ketone from 3 have also been observed, providing evidence for a new route of the thermal decomposition of epoxides 2 and 3. Vibrational assignments of the spectral bands, attributed to germanone 1 and its cyclodimer 6, have been done by comparison with the density functional theory B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculated harmonic frequencies and infrared intensities, assisted by vibration visualization and calculations of potential energy distributions (PED) for each normal mode. The excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated frequencies and the observation of isotopic splittings of the GeO and Ge−C stretching fundamentals due to natural abundances of germanium, being in accord with the computed isotopic shifts, provide firm evidence for the structural identification of germanone 1. The observed frequency and the calculated force constant and bond order of the GeO moiety in 1 are found to be lower than those in the parent germanone H2GeO (5) and in F2GeO. These studies correct the assignment of the GeO stretching frequency in 1 given earlier in our preliminary report.
Non‐destructive Raman study of the glazing technique in lustre potteries and faience (9–14th centuries): silver ions, nanoclusters, microstructure and processing (2004)

Abstract The oldest known nanotechnology dates back to the fabrication of the first lustre potteries. A lustre is a thin film formed just below the surface of medieval Islamic glazed potteries which contains silver and/or copper in the metallic and ionic form. Raman studies of the lustre films of different ceramics excavated from Fustât (near Cairo, Egypt, 11–12th century) or from the Silk Road (Termez, 13–14th centuries) showed that they associate many layers of different compositions (with or without cassiterite). Energy‐dispersive spectroscopic analysis shows that all studied glazes are Ca‐ (and K)‐rich, nearly free of Al silicates, with some addition of lead. Comparison is made with a copy of three‐colour Tang ceramics made in Bassorah or Baghdad, in the 9th century, which is among the first known ‘faiences’, i.e. ceramics enamelled with an Sn‐containing glaze. Surprisingly, Sn is not present in the form of a cassiterite (SnO 2 ) precipitate but as a Ca,K‐rich salt. Composition analysis and Raman spectra show that all glazes have been processed with similar technology. The distribution of elemental Ag and Cu is very heterogeneous in the lustre decor. The main Raman signature (50–100 cm −1 peaks) of the lustre film is assigned to Ag + ions. The additional low‐wavenumber features could be due to the Ag 0 [or (Ag n ) m + ] nanocluster modes. It is clear that the lustre colour arises from the combination of iridescence (diffraction) and absorption/diffusion. Raman criteria are proposed for a sample classification as a function of processing (cassiterite content, processing temperature). The glazing technique is discussed on the basis of experimental evidence and ancient potters' reports. Exothermic burning of acetate residus is proposed as the key step for the preparation of polychrome lustre. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Inter-Tower Communications Network Signal Structure, and Interference Analysis for Terrestrial Broadcasting and Datacasting (2023)

This paper presents the Inter-Tower Communications Network (ITCN) signal structure using different combinations of multiplexing schemes, namely time-division multiplexing (TDM)/frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) and layer-division multiplexing (LDM). Data capacity is analyzed for mobile and fixed broadcasting services, as well as datacasting, inter-tower communication data, and SFN In-band Distribution Links (IDL). Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is investigated for ITCN and IDL to increase the data throughput and to improve spectrum efficiency. The proposed technology can be Digital television (DTV) standard agnostic. It can be implemented on all existing DTV standards while keeping backward compatibility with legacy broadcast services and legacy TV receivers. A hybrid broadcast SFN overlay with ITCN/IDL data network using LDM might be the best solution considering backward compatibility, data capacity, and co-channel interference.
CAR-J cells for antibody discovery and lead optimization of TCR-like immunoglobulins (2020)

T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are a novel class of engineered immunoglobulins that unite monovalent binding to the T-cell receptor (TCR) CD3e chain and bivalent binding to tumor-associated antigens in order to recruit and activate T-cells for tumor cell killing. In vivo, T-cell activation is usually initiated via the interaction of the TCR with the peptide-HLA complex formed by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and peptides derived from intracellular proteins. TCR-like antibodies (TCRLs) that recognize pHLA-epitopes extend the target space of TCBs to peptides derived from intracellular proteins, such as those overexpressed during oncogenesis or created via mutations found in cancer. One challenge during lead identification of TCRL-TCBs is to identify TCRLs that specifically, and ideally exclusively, recognize the desired pHLA, but not unrelated pHLAs. In order to identify TCRLs suitable for TCRL-TCBs, large numbers of TCRLs have to be tested in the TCB format. Here, we propose a novel approach using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to facilitate the identification of highly selective TCRLs. In this new so-called TCRL-CAR-J approach, TCRL-candidates are transduced as CARs into Jurkat reporter-cells, and subsequently assessed for their specificity profile. This work demonstrates that the CAR-J reporter-cell assay can be applied to predict the profile of TCRL-TCBs without the need to produce each candidate in the final TCB format. It is therefore useful in streamlining the identification of TCRL-TCBs.
Eliminating redundant fragment shader executions on a mobile GPU via hardware memoization (2014)

Redundancy is at the heart of graphical applications. In fact, generating an animation typically involves the succession of extremely similar images. In terms of rendering these images, this behavior translates into the creation of many fragment programs with the exact same input data. We have measured this fragment redundancy for a set of commercial Android applications, and found that more than 40% of the fragments used in a frame have been already computed in a prior frame.
InGaN Light-Emitting Diodes onc-Face Sapphire Substrates in Green Gap Spectral Range (2013)

High-efficiency InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the "green gap" range were fabricated on c-face sapphire (0001) substrates. Optical properties were enhanced by band engineering of active layers and optimization of growth conditions. Output power and external quantum efficiency of 11.0 mW and 24.7% for a 559 nm green-yellow LED and 4.7 mW and 13.3% for a 576 nm yellow LED with the injection current of 20 mA were achieved, respectively.
Snail acetylation by autophagy‐derived acetyl‐coenzyme A promotes invasion and metastasis of KRAS ‐ LKB1 co‐mutated lung cancer cells (2022)

This study demonstrates that autophagy-derived acetyl-CoA promotes Snail acetylation and thereby facilitates invasion and metastasis of KRAS-LKB1 co-mutated lung cancer cells and that inhibition of the autophagy/acetyl-CoA/acetyl-Snail axis using CAMKK2 or ACLY inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress metastasis of KL lung cancer.
Real-time enhancement of defects in periodic patterns by use of a bacteriorhodopsin film (1997)

We present a real-time optical system to enhance defects in periodic patterns by use of nonlinear spatial filtering by real-time holography. A straight and equispaced grating written in a bacteriorhodopsin film is read by the Fourier transform of a periodic pattern to be inspected. Because the diffraction efficiency of the grating depends on the intensity of the reading beam, only the defect component can be selectively diffracted and imaged. This system is applicable even to moving objects. We present experimental results that show enhancement of defects as small as 10 microm in a photomask with a pixel pitch of 150 microm used for a liquid-crystal display.
Functional Bio-Based Lubricant Base Stocks (2020)

Petroleum-refining technologies were improved to produce Mineral oil (MO) with lower levels of unsaturated hydrocarbons and fewer sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms for better performance as lubricant base stocks. MO base stocks for lubricants are obtained from crude oils that have been selected on the basis of their composition, supply, requisite refining technology, finished product quality, location, and other factors. To improve Vegetable oil (VO) performance properties for lubricant applications, biotechnological and other advances have been applied to triglycerides. Electrolysis is being used to convert VOs and animal fats into long-chain hydrocarbons for lubricant base stocks. Plant-based oils are “split” or hydrolyzed to produce fatty acids. Ester-functionalized polyalphaolefin are saturated linear hydrocarbons with branches similar to polyalphaolefins, although some branches are terminated with ester groups. Governments worldwide have continued to promote the use of renewable raw materials from plants and other renewable agricultural, marine, and forestry materials in so-called bio-based products including bio-lubricants.
Hybrid Amyloid‐Based Redox Hydrogel for Bioelectrocatalytic H2 Oxidation (2021)

An artificial amyloid-based redox hydrogel was designed for mediating electron transfer between a [NiFeSe] hydrogenase and an electrode. Starting from a mutated prion-forming domain of fungal protein HET-s, a hybrid redox protein containing a single benzyl methyl viologen moiety was synthesized. This protein was able to self-assemble into structurally homogenous nanofibrils. Molecular modeling confirmed that the redox groups are aligned along the fibril axis and are tethered to its core by a long, flexible polypeptide chain that allows close encounters between the fibril-bound oxidized or reduced redox groups. Redox hydrogel films capable of immobilizing the hydrogenase under mild conditions at the surface of carbon electrodes were obtained by a simple pH jump. In this way, bioelectrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of H<sub>2</sub> were fabricated that afforded catalytic current densities of up to 270 μA cm<sup>-2</sup> , with an overpotential of 0.33 V, under quiescent conditions at 45 °C.
Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Visomitin Eye Drops in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome (2015)

Mitotech LLC.
Automated gathering of Web information (2006)

The Web has become a worldwide repository of information which individuals, companies, and organizations utilize to solve or address various information problems. Many of these Web users utilize automated agents to gather this information for them. Some assume that this approach represents a more sophisticated method of searching. However, there is little research investigating how Web agents search for online information. In this research, we first provide a classification for information agent using stages of information gathering, gathering approaches, and agent architecture. We then examine an implementation of one of the resulting classifications in detail, investigating how agents search for information on Web search engines, including the session, query, term, duration and frequency of interactions. For this temporal study, we analyzed three data sets of queries and page views from agents interacting with the Excite and AltaVista search engines from 1997 to 2002, examining approximately 900,000 queries submitted by over 3,000 agents. Findings include: (1) agent sessions are extremely interactive, with sometimes hundreds of interactions per second (2) agent queries are comparable to human searchers, with little use of query operators, (3) Web agents are searching for a relatively limited variety of information, wherein only 18% of the terms used are unique, and (4) the duration of agent-Web search engine interaction typically spans several hours. We discuss the implications for Web information agents and search engines.
Monitoring and Analyzing Nonlinear Dynamics in Atomic Force Microscopy (2006)

Nonlinear AFM dynamics: Despite its importance in many nanomanipulation experiments, most intermittent contact atomic force microscopes do not monitor the nonlinear response of the oscillating cantilever. A recent study provides an effective strategy for measuring and analyzing these nonlinear tip–sample dynamics (see figure). Interestingly, distinct nonlinear regimes are identified – including a chaotic mode – at small tip–sample spacings.
Sperm content of TXNDC8 reflects sperm chromatin structure, pregnancy establishment, and incidence of multiple births after ART (2020)

ART- assisted reproductive therapy; DFI- DNA fragmentation index; FC- flow cytometry (FC); hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; HDS: high DNA stainability index; HEPES- (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid); HTF- human tubal fluid; ICSI- intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IgG- immunoglobulin G; IMSSI- ICSI with morphologically selected spermatozoa; IVF- <i>in vitro</i> fertilization; IU-: intrauterine insemination; NGS- normal goat serum; PBS- phosphate buffered saline; PVP- polyvinylpyrrolidone; SAB- spontaneous abortion; SCSA- sperm chromatin structure assay; SPTRX3- spermatid specific thioredoxin 3; SSS- synthetic serum substitute; TRITC- tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate; TX-100- Triton X-100; TXNDC- thioredoxin domain-containing proteins; TXNDC8- thioredoxin domain containing 8; TUNEL- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.
Carbocationic Polymerization in the Presence of sterically Hindered Bases. VI. The Polymerization of Methylstyrene with the “H2O”/SnCl4Initiating System (1982)

Abstract The polymerization of α-methylstyrene has been investigated using the “H2O”/SnCl4 initiating system in the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (DtBP) in CH2Cl2 solvent at −60°C. In the absence of DtBP and at low DtBP concentrations conversions are about 100%, but with increasing amounts of DtBP conversions drop to 3–5%. Polydispersity decreases with increasing [DtBP], The [Mbar]n versus [DtBP] plot shows a maximum; thus [Mbar]n increases from ∼70,000 to ∼120,000 by increasing [DtBP] from 6 × 10−7 to 4.8 × 10−4 M and decreases to ∼ 10,000 on further increasing DtBP. The effect of DtBP on this polymerization system can be explained by assuming nonprotic initiation, termination only by DtBP, depressed chain transfer to monomer, and complex formation between the propagating carbocation and DtBP.
LPRules: Rule Induction in Knowledge Graphs Using Linear Programming. (2021)

Knowledge graph (KG) completion is a well-studied problem in AI. Rule-based methods and embedding-based methods form two of the solution techniques. Rule-based methods learn first-order logic rules that capture existing facts in an input graph and then use these rules for reasoning about missing facts. A major drawback of such methods is the lack of scalability to large datasets. In this paper, we present a simple linear programming (LP) model to choose rules from a list of candidate rules and assign weights to them. For smaller KGs, we use simple heuristics to create the candidate list. For larger KGs, we start with a small initial candidate list, and then use standard column generation ideas to add more rules in order to improve the LP model objective value. To foster interpretability and generalizability, we limit the complexity of the set of chosen rules via explicit constraints, and tune the complexity hyperparameter for individual datasets. We show that our method can obtain state-of-the-art results for three out of four widely used KG datasets, while taking significantly less computing time than other popular rule learners including some based on neuro-symbolic methods. The improved scalability of our method allows us to tackle large datasets such as YAGO3-10.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorine‐Activated Diamond Chemical Vapor Deposition. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of sphingosine-activated protein kinases: selectivity of activation by sphingoid bases and inhibition by non-esterified fatty acids (1993)

Sphingosine has been shown to activate protein kinases in Jurkat T cell cytosol [Pushkareva, Khan, Alessenko, Sahyoun and Hannun (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 15246-15251]. In this study, two sphingosine-activated protein kinases were distinguished by their substrate specificity, their dose-response to sphingosine and the specificity of their activation by sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine stereoisomers. A p32-sphingosine-activated protein kinase responded to low concentrations of D-erythrosphingosine with an initial activation observed at 2.5 microM and a peak activity at 10-20 microM. This kinase showed a modest specificity for D-erythro-sphingosine over other sphingosine stereoisomers, and a preference for sphingosines over dihydrosphingosines. Phosphorylation of a p18 substrate required higher concentrations of sphingosine (20-100 microM) and showed a significant preference for the erythro isomers of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine over the threo isomers. The ability of other lipids to modulate sphingosine activation of these kinases was also examined. Oleic acid, but not oleic alcohol or the methyl ester, induced the phosphorylation of a distinct set of substrates (probably through the activation of protein kinase C), and inhibited sphingosine-induced phosphorylation with an IC50 of approximately 20 microM. Oleic anhydride failed to induce changes in basal protein phosphorylation but inhibited sphingosine-activated protein kinases, thus distinguishing the effects of fatty acids on protein kinase C from the inhibition of sphingosine-induced phosphorylation. These studies define two distinct sphingosine-activated protein kinases and reveal an important interaction between two classes of putative lipid second messengers.
Toxicology Study of Intra-Cisterna Magna Adeno-Associated Virus 9 Expressing Human Alpha-L-Iduronidase in Rhesus Macaques (2018)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a recessive genetic disease caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase, which leads to a neurodegenerative and systemic disease called Hurler syndrome in its most severe form. Several clinical trials are evaluating adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Although these trials focus on systemic or lumbar administration, intrathecal administration via suboccipital puncture into the cisterna magna has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in large animals. We, therefore, conducted a good laboratory practice-compliant non-clinical study to investigate the safety of suboccipital AAV9 gene transfer of human α-L-iduronidase into nonhuman primates. We dosed 22 rhesus macaques, including three immunosuppressed animals, with vehicle or one of two doses of vector. We assessed in-life safety and immune responses. Animals were euthanized 14, 90, or 180 days post-vector administration and evaluated for histopathology and biodistribution. No procedure-related lesions or adverse events occurred. All vector-treated animals showed a dose-dependent mononuclear pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid and minimal to moderate asymptomatic degeneration of dorsal root ganglia neurons and associated axons. These studies support the clinical development of suboccipital AAV delivery for Hurler syndrome and highlight a potential sensory neuron toxicity that warrants careful monitoring in first-in-human studies.
Synthesis of Molybdenum(VI) Tritylimido Alkylidene Complexes (2022)

Mo(NCPh3)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)2(DME) (1) can be prepared in 46% yield through addition of 3 equiv of triflic acid to Mo(NCPh3)2(CH2CMe2Ph)2 in the presence of dimethoxyethane. Other tritylimido complexes that were prepared include Mo(NCPh3)(CHCMe2Ph)[OC(CF3)3]2 (2), Mo(NCPh3)(CHCMe2Ph)(OSiPh3)2 (3), Mo(NCPh3)(CHCMe2Ph)(η5-Me2Pyr)(η1-Me2Pyr) (4; Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide), Mo(NCPh3)(CH2CH2)(OTf)2(DME) (5), Mo(NCPh3)(OSiPh3)2Cl2(THF) (6), and [(Ph3SiO)2(NCPh3)Mo]2(μ-O)(μ-Cl)2 (7). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were carried out for 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7. These results demonstrate that tritylimido is a robust, sterically demanding alkylimido ligand that complements less sterically demanding t-butylimido and 1-adamantylimido ligands.
Identification of polymer surface adsorbed proteins implicated in pluripotent human embryonic stem cell expansion (2016)

Improved biomaterials are required for application in regenerative medicine, biosensing, and as medical devices. The response of cells to the chemistry of polymers cultured in media is generally regarded as being dominated by proteins adsorbed to the surface. Here we use mass spectrometry to identify proteins adsorbed from a complex mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) conditioned medium found to support pluripotent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) expansion on a plasma etched tissue culture polystyrene surface. A total of 71 proteins were identified, of which 14 uniquely correlated with the surface on which pluripotent stem cell expansion was achieved. We have developed a microarray combinatorial protein spotting approach to test the potential of these 14 proteins to support expansion of a hESC cell line (HUES-7) and a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (ReBl-PAT) on a novel polymer (N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) methacrylamide). These proteins were spotted to form a primary array yielding several protein mixture ‘hits’ that enhanced cell attachment to the polymer. A second array was generated to test the function of a refined set of protein mixtures. We found that a combination of heat shock protein 90 and heat shock protein-1 encourage elevated adherence of pluripotent stem cells at a level comparable to fibronectin pre-treatment.
Noise-induced transitions in coupled oscillator systems with a pinning force (1996)

We investigate noise-induced transitions in coupled oscillator systems with higher harmonic pinning force subject to a fluctuating interaction and a thermal additive noise. It is shown that the thermal additive noise induces a symmetry-breaking transition at a critial thermal noise intensity that does not depend on the strength of the fluctuating interaction. The critical line is found analytically in the parameter space of the pinning force and thermal noise intensity. The fluctuating interaction brings about bifurcations of a stationary probability distribution leading to the clustering of oscillators at its critical strengths, which depend on the thermal noise intensity and the strength of the pinning force. The cooperation of the thermal noise, the fluctuating interaction, and the pinning force provides the rich structure of phase diagrams such as a reentrant transition. The nature of the transitions is also discussed in detail.