gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally Activated Nanowear Modes of a Polymer Surface Induced by a Heated Tip (2004)

We report on nanoscale wear induced by atomic force microscopy using a heated cantilever/tip on a 20 nm thick film of polystyrene. Wear modes dependent on tip temperature characteristics were identified. Below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, the formation of quasi one-dimensional surface ripples with a typical period on the order of 100 nm was observed. We found that the ripple height typically saturates at 20 nm and that the buildup rate depends on temperature and load. From these observations we can calculate an activation energy for the ripple formation, which is on the order of 0.4 eV, at temperatures close to but below the glass transition temperature of the polymer. In the glass transition regime the ripple formation is strongly enhanced. An abrupt change of the wear mode is observed as the polymer in contact with the tip is heated above the glass transition temperature. Here, polymer material is transported along with the propagating tip.
Supplemental Figure legends from EGFR Mutations and Resistance to Irreversible Pyrimidine-Based EGFR Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure legends. This file contains the detailed descriptions of the supplementaal figures.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 9 from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Technical performance of the MRD Assay. All samples from early stage breast cancer cohort. Includes plasma cfDNA and buffy coat gDNA samples. Samples from the same patient and probed with the same panel are represented independently. (A) On target fraction calculated from Picard CollectHsMetrics and using pct_selected_bases. (B) Coefficient of variation of duplex fragment depth across fingerprint sites. (C) Fold 80 base penalty score for duplex fragment depth across fingerprint sites. (D, E) Error rate comparison between conventional sequencing (requiring Q20 base quality and removing duplicate fragments) and our duplex sequencing with added filters (see methods). (F) Fraction of total duplexes after downsampling raw reads. We considered a sample to be saturated if it still contained at least 95% of its duplexes after downsampling to 80% of its raw reads.&lt;/p&gt;
RUBY-10: A cross-comparison study of 10 software tools for quantification of Rb-82 myocardial perfusion PET (2013)

1693 Objectives To cross-compare MBF estimates from Rb-82 PET data for 8 models implemented in 10 software tools (SWT): Carimas, Corridor4DM, FlowQuant, HOQUTO, ImagenQ, MunichHeart, PMOD, QPET, syngo.MBF, UW-QPP. Methods Rest and stress Rb-82 PET/CT scans (10MBq/kg, 3D acquisition) of 48 patients with suspected or known CAD were analyzed in 10 centers. Each center used one of 10 SWT to analyze global and regional (LAD, LCx and RCA) MBF. Values were considered to agree if they simultaneously had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)>0.75 and a difference Results MBF estimates from all 7 SWT implementing 1TCM as in Lortie et al. (2007) were in agreement with one another on studied levels. Results of the model by El Fakhri et al. (2009) as in Corridor4DM were also in excellent agreement with the Lortie’s 1TCM, so were the results of the axially-distributed blood flow model (Alessio et al. 2011) in UW-QPP, yet, with occasional differences of >20% of median values from the Lortie’s 1TCM. The MBF estimates from 2TCM (PMOD, Herrero et al. 1992), and net retention models (ImagenQ - Yoshida et al. 1996, MunichHeart - Lautamaki et al. 2008), though producing similar results were less correlated with Lortie’s 1TCM (ICC Conclusions SWT using the same 1TCM (Lortie et al. 2007), provide nearly equivalent results in measuring global and regional MBF (rest and stress), suggesting that they may be clinically interchanged for the benefit of multicenter trials in future.
Imaging of point scatterers from step-frequency ISAR data (1993)

A high-resolution method for imaging of point scatterers from step-frequency inverse synthetic-aperture radar (ISAR) data is presented. An analysis of the noise sensitivity of the method is provided to show the high performance of the method. Simulation results are given to show the robustness of the method against model errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Monte Carlo study of the kickout mechanism of boron diffusion in silicon (1996)

In this article, the results of a study of the diffusion mechanism of boron in silicon based on the Monte Carlo method are presented. The kickout mechanism has been examined for the case of a delta function impurity profile under both inert and oxidation conditions. It is shown that the initial conditions play a significant role in obtaining the mean migration path lengths of the atoms. The kickout mechanism in the case of an initial delta function interstitial impurity profile has been analytically examined. The atomic level computational experiments carried out in this article validate Cowern’s results of ‘‘intermittent diffusion’’ of boron in silicon and yield, the values for λ0, the prefactor for the mean migration path length, which are found to lie between 0.024 and 0.035 nm.
Multiple cerebral infarctions and dementia associated with anticardiolipin antibodies. (1987)

Antibodies to negatively charged phospholipids including cardiolipin have been recognized in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other disorders. We report 4 patients who experienced cerebral infarctions and dementia in association with anticardiolipin antibodies. These patients did not have the characteristic lupus anticoagulant or systemic lupus erythematosus. The occurrence of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with multiple cerebral infarctions who do not have evidence of a systemic vasculitis or inflammatory condition suggests that this association may be more common than previously recognized. It may be useful to test for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients who have unexplained cerebral infarctions.
Frequency split reduction by directional lapping of fused quartz micro wineglass resonators (2017)

We present a study on the permanent frequency split reduction of fused quartz micro wineglass resonators by directional lapping. Using the technique, we demonstrated a near 6× reduction of frequency split (n=2 wineglass mode). The process included two steps. First, the orientations of the Principal Axes of Elasticity (PAE) were determined by measuring the mode shapes of the resonator. Then, the directional lapping was performed based on the information about PAE. Three devices were post-processed by directional lapping technique and the frequency split was reduced as predicted, demonstrating feasibility of the technique. The reduction of frequency split is directly correlated to improvements in structural isotropy and the overall performance of dynamic MEMS, such as rate and rate-integrating gyroscopes.
Reachability analysis for linear discrete time set-dynamics driven by random convex compact sets (2012)

This paper studies linear set-dynamics driven by random convex compact sets (RCCSs), and derives the set-dynamics of the expectations of the associated reach sets as well as the dynamics of the corresponding covariance functions. It is established that the expectations of the reach sets evolve according to deterministic linear set-dynamics while the associated dynamics of covariance functions evolves on the Banach space of continuous functions on the dual unit ball. The general framework is specialized to the case of Gaussian RCCSs, and it is shown that the Gaussian structure of random sets is preserved under linear set-dynamics of random sets.
Developmental expression and gene/enzyme identifications in the alpha esterase gene cluster of Drosophila melanogaster (2003)

Here we show how the 10 genes of the alpha esterase cluster of Drosophila melanogaster have diverged substantially in their expression profiles. Together with previously described sequence divergence this suggests substantial functional diversification. By peptide mass fingerprinting and in vitro gene expression we have also shown that two of the genes encode the isozymes EST9 (formerly ESTC) and EST23. EST9 is the major 'alpha staining' esterase in zymograms of gut tissues in feeding stages while orthologues of EST23 confer resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in other higher Diptera. The results for EST9 and EST23 concur with previous suggestions that the products of the alpha esterase cluster function in digestion and detoxification of xenobiotic esters. However, many of the other genes in the cluster show developmental or tissue-specific expression that seems inconsistent with such roles. Furthermore, there is generally poor correspondence between the mRNA expression patterns of the remaining eight genes and isozymes previously characterized by standard techniques of electrophoresis and staining, suggesting that the alpha cluster might only account for a small minority of the esterase isozyme profile.
Efficient Pruning Technique of Memory Polynomial Models Suitable for PA Behavioral Modeling and Digital Predistortion (2014)

This paper proposes an error variation ranking (EVR)-based pruning method to reduce the complexity of memory polynomials (MPs) for power amplifier behavioral modeling. During the EVR pruning, the variation of prediction error caused by removing each term is calculated and ranked as a quantification factor to show the term's importance. The dominant terms are then selected based on their ranking positions among all terms. This method is verified by comparing its results with all other possible selections under the same conditions. When it is used to prune digital predistorters, approximately 74% of the terms in the MP model and 78% of the terms in the 2-D digital-predistortion model can be removed with negligible deterioration of the prediction and linearization performance. Moreover, further discussion is presented to strategize the configuration of MP models based on the EVR pruning results.
Inhibition by glucocorticoids of tumor necrosis factor‐mediated cytotoxicity (1990)

The role of the phospholipase inhibitor proteins, lipocortin-I and -II, in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cytotoxicity against L929 fibrosarcoma cells was investigated. We previously reported that TNF-mediated cytotoxicity was inhibited by dexamethasone (DEX), suggesting an involvement of lipocortins. Now we show that, despite inhibition by DEX of TNF-induced arachidonic acid release, DEX has no effect on the synthesis of these lipocortins. Moreover, TNF itself has no effect on the synthesis and phosphorylation of lipocortin-I and -II. Also there was no difference in expression levels of lipocortin-I and -II between TNF-sensitive and -resistant cells. These data strongly suggest that the protective effect of DEX and other glucocorticoids is not mediated by lipocortins.
A Preliminary Study on the Use of Pipeline Right-of-Ways as Corridors by Predators in Northern West Virginia (2017)

Habitat fragmentation is a leading conservation concern for predators that require large home ranges with suitable habitat to persist. Previous studies have shown that man-made linear corridors may provide a connection between suitable habitat patches isolated by fragmentation. Corridors allow predators to easily move between patches to access prey, find proper structures for denning and to disperse the population.Natural gas pipeline right-of-ways may provide corridors for bobcats and coyotes in northern West Virginia. We are currently conducting a camera trap survey to compare the use of pipeline right-of-ways and forested areas by bobcats and coyotes in four counties in the northern panhandle of West Virginia. Preliminary data shows some evidence that bobcats and coyotes are utilizing pipeline right-of-ways as corridors and supports the findings of previous research. However, more data must be collected provide a larger sample size, and thus, a stronger correlation between coyote and bobcat presence on pipeline right-of-ways.
Femtosecond Frequency Combs (2006)

Optical frequency combs from mode-locked femtosecond lasers have revolutionized the art of measuring the frequency of light. The coherent nature of short pulses has led to a remarkable union of the two previously quite distinct fields of ultrafast science and precision spectroscopy. On one hand side frequency combs can conveniently link optical and microwave frequencies, and they provide the long missing clockwork for optical atomic clocks. So far no fundamental limit of the accuracy of frequency combs has been discovered.
Multi-Linear cryptanalysis in Power Analysis Attacks MLPA (2009)

Power analysis attacks against embedded secret key cryptosystems are widely studied since the seminal paper of Paul Kocher, Joshua Ja, and Benjamin Jun in 1998 where has been introduced the powerful Differential Power Analysis. The strength of DPA is such that it became necessary to develop sound and efficient countermeasures. Nowadays embedded cryptographic primitives usually integrate one or several of these countermeasures (e.g. masking techniques, asynchronous designs, balanced dynamic dual-rail gates designs, noise adding, power consumption smoothing, etc. ...). This document presents a simple, yet interesting, countermeasure to DPA and HO-DPA attacks, called brutal countermeasure and new power analysis attacks using multi-linear approximations (MLPA attacks) based on very recent and still unpublished results of Tavernier et al..
Study of YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 minus x thin films grown on single crystal SrTiO sub 3 : Not all high angle grain boundaries destroy J sub c (1990)

The microstructure of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} films on (001) and (014) SrTiO{sub 3} is examined by x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The growth of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} in as-deposited films is extremely anisotropic resulting in plate-like grains with (001) surfaces. These types of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} grains, 90{degree}-misoriented from each other, are observed to grow on both (001) and (014) surfaces of single crystal SrTiO{sub 3} because in cubic SrTiO{sub 3} there are three equivalent {l angle}100{r angle} directions that the c-direction (001) of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} can align with. On (001) SrTiO{sub 3}, the (001) oriented platelets become dominant over the whole film due to the anisotropic growth-rates, while on (014) none of the three orientations dominates resulting in smaller grain size and smoother surface. The 3-fold degenerate epitaxy of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} on SrTiO{sub 3} results in near-{Sigma}1 grain boundaries with two 90{degree}-misoriented abutting crystals. These high angle yet crystallographically special boundaries are inevitably free of extraneous phases because of their low boundary energies and therefore, they provide intact connections between YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} grains throughout the film. While some extraneous phasesmore » do exist in these films, they are located away from the bounaries, and hence, are not damaging to superconducting transport. The argument agrees with the high critical current density measured (2{times}10{sup 6}A/cm{sup 2}) at 77 K for a YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} film on (014) SrTiO{sub 3} where the measured supercurrent had to pass through at least 10 such boundaries.« less
Applying Statistical Methods for Further Improvement of High-Performance Concrete for New York State Bridge Decks (1997)

A new concrete mixture designated “Class HP” for high-performance has been developed for bridge decks in New York State. A modification of the state’s standard Class H concrete, it has better handling and workability characteristics, reduced permeability, and greater resistance to cracking and displays little or no surface scaling. These improvements have potential to result in twice the previously expected concrete service life. The mixture incorporates substitutions for cement of 20 percent Class F fly ash and 6 percent microsilica. It has now been established as the required concrete mixture for all decks built by the New York State Department of Transportation. Its successful implementation has triggered further research toward an even better mixture. An experiment was designed and performed to investigate the effects on cracking and permeability of microsilica and fly ash content, as well as the effects of total weight of cementitious materials. Experimental designs allowed investigation of a broad range of possible combinations while only a limited number of mixtures were tested. Statistical analysis of experimental data is presented and some concrete mixes are recommended for further study, especially those having 10 to 25 percent fly ash, 11 to 12 percent microsilica, and 327 to 375 kg/m 3 (550 to 630 lb/yd 3 ) of cementitious materials, and also those with 20 to 35 percent fly ash, 4 to 6 percent microsilica, and 392 to 428 kg/m 3 (660 to 720 lb/yd 3 ) of cementitious materials.
Analysis of health and lung injury markers in mice treated with TLR4-interacting SPA4 peptide (2019)

Abstract The SPA4 peptide (GDFRYSDGTPVNYTNWYRGE) interacts with TLR4, affects intracellular signaling, improves host defense, and alleviates tissue injury in mouse models of bacterial lung infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of different doses of SPA4 peptide on health, and systemic and lung injury parameters in outbred CD-1 mice. Mice were intratracheally administered with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 μg SPA4 peptide per g body weight every day for three days. Mice left untreated or those treated with equivalent volume of vehicle were included as controls. Signs of sickness and body weights were monitored every 24 h; food and water were provided ad libitum. After 24 h of last intratracheal instillation, mice were euthanized, and blood and major organs were collected. Blood gas and electrolytes (pCO2, total CO2, pO2, pH, anion gap, base excess, total hemoglobin, Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3−) were analyzed, and markers of lung injury (lung wet/dry weight ratio, and levels of albumin, lactate, and total protein) were determined in lung tissue homogenates. Major organs (stomach, intestines, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and thymus) were fixed, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined for tissue damage or inflammatory response. No signs of sickness or changes in body weight were noted. Blood gas and electrolyte parameters were not significantly altered in SPA4 peptide-treated mice. The lung injury parameters were also not significantly different in SPA4 peptide-treated mice. Histological examination revealed no sign of tissue injury or inflammation in any of the major organs. Together, these results provide an initial safety assessment of the SPA4 peptide.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Suppression of MicroRNA-9 by Mutant EGFR Signaling Upregulates FOXP1 to Enhance Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 88KB&lt;/p&gt;
Torque based lane change assistance with active front steering (2017)

This paper presents the design of a driver steering assistance system (DSAS). We consider a vehicle equipped with an Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) and an Active Front Steering (AFS) unit. The steering assistance system uses the EPAS and the AFS to command a hand wheel torque feedback which can autonomously steer the vehicle or assist the driver. It also uses the AFS to superimpose an additional angle to the steering column. This allows us to control the hand wheel rotation at different input feedback torque values. We use a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to compute the optimal torque feedback input to the hand wheel along with the commanded AFS superposition angle in both autonomous and assisted driving scenarios. The MPC employs a model of the steering dynamics and a driver steering behavior in order to obtain lesser hand wheel rotation during a same lane change maneuver as compared to a conventional EPAS system without AFS. We also make sure driver torque effort is within allowable limits. We validate the proposed approach by performing simulations for both autonomous and driver assisted scenarios. The results show the significant decrease in hand wheel rotation due to the presence of AFS while successfully performing the lane change.
A complex containing CuIlinearly coordinated by two tetracyclic tetraamines (1999)

The preparation and crystal structure of bis(10b,10c-cis-3a,5a,8a,10a-tetraazaperhydropyrene)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate, [Cu(C 12 H 22 N 4 ) 2 ]PF 6 , are described. The Cu I ion lies on an inversion centre and is linearly coordinated, with one bond to each of two tetracyclic tetraamine ligands [Cu-N = 1.976 (2) A].
The PI3Kδ-Selective Inhibitor Idelalisib Minimally Interferes with Immune Effector Function Mediated by Rituximab or Obinutuzumab and Significantly Augments B Cell Depletion In Vivo (2018)

Idelalisib is a highly selective oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia in combination with rituximab. Despite additive clinical effects, previous studies have paradoxically demonstrated that targeted therapies potentially negatively affect anti-CD20 mAb effector mechanisms. To address these potential effects, we investigated the impact of PI3Kδ inhibition by idelalisib on the effector mechanisms of rituximab and obinutuzumab. At clinically relevant concentrations, idelalisib minimally influenced rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis on human lymphoma cell lines, while maintaining the superiority of obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, idelalisib did not influence obinutuzumab-mediated B cell depletion in whole-blood B cell-depletion assays. Further, idelalisib significantly enhanced obinutuzumab-mediated direct cell death of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. In murine systems, in vivo inhibition of PI3Kδ minimally interfered with maximal rituximab- or obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemic targets. In addition, the duration of rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemia cells was extended by combination with PI3Kδ inhibition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PI3Kδ inhibition does not significantly affect the effector mechanisms induced by rituximab or obinutuzumab and provides an effective in vivo therapeutic combination. Therefore, combinations of obinutuzumab and idelalisib are currently being assessed in clinical studies.