gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beating the Shot-Noise Limit with Sources of Partially-Distinguishable Photons (2016)

Quantum metrology promises high-precision measurements beyond the capability of any classical techniques, and has the potential to be integral to investigative techniques. However, all sensors must tolerate imperfections if they are to be practical. Here we show that photons with perfectly overlapped modes, which are therefore fully indistinguishable, are not required for quantum-enhanced measurement, and that partially-distinguishable photons do not have to be engineered to mitigate the adverse effects of distinguishability. We quantify the effect of distinguishability on quantum metrology experiments, and report results of an experiment to verify that two- and four-photon states containing partially-distinguishable photons can achieve quantum-enhanced sensitivity with low-visibility quantum interference. This demonstrates that sources producing photons with mixed spectral states can be readily utilized for quantum metrology.
Cover Picture: Squalenyl Hydrogen Sulfate Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Delivery of Tobramycin and an Alkylquinolone Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Enable the Eradication of P. aeruginosa Biofilm Infections (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 26/2020) (2020)

Simultaneous delivery of tobramycin and alkylquinolone inhibitors by a self-assembling nanoparticle system based on squalenyl hydrogen sulfate (SqNPs) is an optimal therapeutic against P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. As described by C.-M. Lehr et al. in their Communication on page 10292, the drug-loaded SqNPs show improved biofilm penetration and enhanced efficacy in relevant biological barriers (mucin/human tracheal mucus, biofilms), leading to complete eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms at 16-fold lower tobramycin concentration than tobramycin alone.
Hydrogen leak detector using a Pd-gate MOS transistor (1975)

A small, battery-operated hydrogen leak detector using a palladium-gate MOS transistor as sensing element has been developed. It is shown to have a sensitivity of 1 ppm hydrogen in air and response and recovery times of a few seconds. The fast response was obtained by operating the sensing element at 150 °C.
A cocktail of protective antibodies subverts the dense glycan shield of Lassa virus (2022)

Developing potent therapeutics and effective vaccines are the ultimate goals in controlling infectious diseases. Lassa virus (LASV), the causative pathogen of Lassa fever (LF), infects hundreds of thousands annually, but effective antivirals or vaccines against LASV infection are still lacking. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies against LASV are rare. Here, we describe biochemical analyses and high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of a therapeutic cocktail of three broadly protective antibodies that target the LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC), previously identified from survivors of multiple LASV infections. Structural and mechanistic analyses reveal compatible neutralizing epitopes and complementary neutralization mechanisms that offer high potency, broad range, and resistance to escape. These antibodies either circumvent or exploit specific glycans comprising the extensive glycan shield of GPC. Further, they require mammalian glycosylation, native GPC cleavage, and proper GPC trimerization. These findings guided engineering of a next-generation GPC antigen suitable for future neutralizing antibody and vaccine discovery. Together, these results explain protective mechanisms of rare, broad, and potent antibodies and identify a strategy for the rational design of therapeutic modalities against LF and related infectious diseases.
Joint Symbol Level Precoding and Combining for MIMO-OFDM Transceiver Architectures Based on One-Bit DACs and ADCs (2021)

Herein, a precoding scheme is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that use one-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, as a means to reduce the power consumption. Two different one-bit architectures are presented. In the first, a single user MIMO system is considered where the DACs and ADCs of the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to be one-bit and in the second, a network of analog phase shifters is added at the receiver as an additional analog-only processing step with the view to mitigate some of the effects of coarse quantization. The precoding design problem is formulated and then split into two NP-hard optimization problems, which are solved by an algorithmic solution based on the Cyclic Coordinate Descent (CCD) framework. The design of the analog post-coding matrix for the second architecture is decoupled from the precoding design and is solved by an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Numerical results show that the proposed precoding scheme successfully mitigates the effects of coarse quantization and the proposed systems achieve a performance close to that of systems equipped with full resolution DACs/ADCs.
The MAIT TCRβ chain contributes to discrimination of microbial ligand (2020)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are key players in the immune response against microbial infection. The MAIT T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a diverse array of microbial ligands, and recent reports have highlighted the variability in the MAIT TCR that could further contribute to discrimination of ligand. The MAIT TCR complementarity determining region (CDR)3β sequence displays a high level of diversity across individuals, and clonotype usage appears to be dependent on antigenic exposure. To address the relationship between the MAIT TCR and microbial ligand, we utilized a previously defined panel of MAIT cell clones that demonstrated variability in responses against different microbial infections. Sequencing of these clones revealed four pairs, each with shared (identical) CDR3α and different CDR3β sequences. These pairs demonstrated varied responses against microbially infected dendritic cells as well as against 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil, a ligand abundant in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting that the CDR3β contributes to differences in ligand discrimination. Taken together, these results highlight a key role for the MAIT CDR3β region in distinguishing between MR1-bound antigens and ligands.
Direct Liquid Introduction (DLI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
DNA Amplification in Neutral Liposomes for Safe and Efficient Gene Delivery (2014)

In general, traditional gene carriers contain strong cationic charges to efficiently load anionic genes, but this cationic character also leads to destabilization of plasma membranes and causes severe cytotoxicity. Here, we developed a PCR-based nanofactory as a safe gene delivery system. A few template plasmid DNA can be amplified by PCR inside liposomes about 200 nm in diameter, and the quantity of loaded genes highly increased by more than 8.8-fold. The liposome membrane was composed of neutral lipids free from cationic charges. Consequently, this system is nontoxic, unlike other traditional cationic gene carriers. Intense red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression in CHO-K1 cells showed that the amplified genes could be successfully transfected to cells. Animal experiments with the luciferase gene also showed in vivo gene expression by our system without toxicity. We think that this PCR-based nanofactory system can overcome the toxicity problem that is the critical limitation of current gene delivery to clinical application.
Overcoming the black body limit in plasmonic and graphene near-field thermophotovoltaic systems (2012)

Near-field thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems with carefully tailored emitter-PV properties show large promise for a new temperature range (600 – 1200K) solid state energy conversion, where conventional thermoelectric (TE) devices cannot operate due to high temperatures and far-field TPV schemes suffer from low efficiency and power density. We present a detailed theoretical study of several different implementations of thermal emitters using plasmonic materials and graphene. We find that optimal improvements over the black body limit are achieved for low bandgap semiconductors and properly matched plasmonic frequencies. For a pure plasmonic emitter, theoretically predicted generated power density of 14 $\frac{W}{cm^2}$ efficiency of 36% can be achieved at 600K (hot-side), for 0.17eV bandgap (InSb). Developing insightful approximations, we argue that large plasmonic losses can, contrary to intuition, be helpful in enhancing the overall near-field transfer. We discuss and quantify the properties of an optimal near-field photovoltaic (PV) diode. In addition, we study plasmons in graphene and show that doping can be used to tune the plasmonic dispersion relation to match the PV cell bangap. In case of graphene, theoretically predicted generated power density of 6(120)$\frac{W}{cm^2}$ efficiency of 35(40)% can be achieved at 600(1200)K, for 0.17eV bandgap. With the ability to operate in intermediate temperature range, as well as high efficiency and power density, near-field TPV systems have the potential to complement conventional TE and TPV solid state heat-to-electricity conversion devices.
Kinetic studies of the oxidation of horse heart ferrocytochrome c by (pentaammine)pyridineruthenium(3+) at low pH (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic studies of the oxidation of horse heart ferrocytochrome c by (pentaammine)pyridineruthenium(3+) at low pHDiane Cummins and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 11, 3712–3715Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50225a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative design possibilities for integrated fuel processors (2010)

Abstract The majority of fuel processors that have been developed to support proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have basically been adaptations of largescale commercial processes and designs. This has been largely a result of the combined engineering familiarity of industrial hydrogen production and purification practices, and the evolution of these techniques over the past 30 years as they have developed for the anticipated commercial fuel cell systems' uses. Alternative conversion processes for various fuels, employing technologies not widely practised industrially or designs not previously integrated with fuel cells may offer PEM fuel cell systems certain advantages as they are developed for various applications, including transportation. A review of three different technological approaches that offer unique possibilities are examined for consideration as PEM fuel cell systems continue their development. The technical examples discussed are not intended to be exhaustive but rather chosen to be illustrative of the technology presented.
Vomocytosis of live pathogens from macrophages is regulated by the atypical MAP kinase ERK5 (2017)

Vomocytosis, or nonlytic extrusion, is a poorly understood process through which macrophages release live pathogens that they have failed to kill back into the extracellular environment. Vomocytosis is conserved across vertebrates and occurs with a diverse range of pathogens, but to date, the host signaling events that underpin expulsion remain entirely unknown. We use a targeted inhibitor screen to identify the MAP kinase ERK5 as a critical suppressor of vomocytosis. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic manipulation of ERK5 activity significantly raises vomocytosis rates in human macrophages, whereas stimulation of the ERK5 signaling pathway inhibits vomocytosis. Lastly, using a zebrafish model of cryptococcal disease, we show that reducing ERK5 activity in vivo stimulates vomocytosis and results in reduced dissemination of infection. ERK5 therefore represents the first host signaling regulator of vomocytosis to be identified and a potential target for the future development of vomocytosis-modulating therapies.
‘On Equal Footing with the Church’ The Dissidence of Dissent, 1833–1869 (1995)

The evidence that Dissenters were seeking an ‘equal footing with the Church’ was provided in May 1830 by John Wilks, secretary of the Protestant Society for the Protection of Religious Liberty and soon to be MP for Boston. Wilks told the annual meeting of his society that notwithstanding the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, Dissenters still did not have equality with members of the established church. There were five outstanding grievances which his committee proposed to bring to the notice of Parliament, including the frequent refusal of clergymen to allow the bodies of Dissenters to be buried in parish graveyards. Wilks's proposed application to Parliament was soon submerged by the Reform Bill crisis, but the successful resolution of that crisis encouraged Dissenters to hope that the way was now open ‘to other remedial measures of every kind’.
Estimation of the global burden of mesothelioma deaths from incomplete national mortality data (2017)

Although the validity of our extrapolation method depends on the adequate identification of quality mesothelioma data and appropriate adjustment for other variables, our estimates can be updated, refined and verified because they are based on commonly accessible data and are derived using a straightforward algorithm. Our estimates are within the range of previously reported values but higher than the most recently reported values.
Optimal Strategy for Geostationary Orbit Acquisition Using Ion Propulsion (2003)

The geostationary satellite for telecommunication, Artemis, is equipped with a chemical propulsion system and an ion propulsion system. Because of the third-stage ignition failure of the Ariane V launcher, the low-thrust propulsion system is used to complete the transfer orbit to geostationary Earth orbit. The optimal trajectory is determined using Pontryagin's principle. All constraints for the thrust direction, due to the initial design and onboard breakdown, are considered in the optimization process, and the minimum-time problem is solved. The effect of perturbations, namely, the gravitational force of the sun and the moon, the oblateness and triaxiality of the Earth, and the solar radiation pressure, are considered. The performances of the transfer orbit and the optimal thrust strategy are presented for every case. The transfer time, considering the perturbations, increases by 20 days with respect to the Keplerian case, but this does not imply an increase in propellant mass consumption. Finally a comparison with a solution obtained using a parametric optimization process is given. The parametric optimization results are close to those of the Pontryagin solution, but do not allow the satellite to obtain the best transfer time. In fact, the control strategy efficiency depends on the number of variables used in the process, and a time-variable strategy is possible only with an enormous increase of the computational effort, although it is natural when the Pontryagin principle is applied.
Guidance of hard tissue ablation by forward-viewing optical coherence tomography (2010)

A key issue in laser surgery is the inability for the human operator to stop the laser irradiation in time while cutting/ablating delicate tissue layers. In the present work, we forward-image through the laser machining front in complex biological tissue (dense bovine bone) to monitor the incision's approach to subsurface interfaces in real-time (47-312 kHz line rate). Feedback from imaging is used to stop the drilling process within 150 micron of a targeted interface. This is accomplished by combining the high temporal and spatial resolution of infrared optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a robust, turn-key, high brightness fiber laser. The high sensitivity of the imaging system (~100 dB) permit imaging through the rapidly changing beam path even with the additional scattering caused by the thermal cutting process. In spectral-domain OCT, the imaging acquisition period is easily locked to the machining laser exposure. Though motion-induced artifacts reduce interface contrast, they do not introduce incorrect depth measurements as found in other OCT variants. Standard tomography imaging of the tissue (B-scans) is also recorded <i>in situ</i> before and after laser processing to highlight morphology changes.
CD19 as Foreign Antigen Elicits a Specific T-Cell Response and Mediates Rejection of High Grade B-Cell Lymphoma In Mice (2010)

Abstract Abstract 4907 Targeting selfantigens by specific T-cells for anti-tumor therapy bears the risk of fatal autoimmunity. Ideal self antigens are characterized by restricted expression in a specific cell compartment and are ideally highly expressed in malignant cells. Potential autoimmunity against those antigens must be tolerable for the host and loss of the expressing cell compartment has to be acceptable. In addition such self antigens should deliver survival signals for the tumor making escape variants highly unlikely or even impossible. The CD19 molecule as a member of the Ig superfamily is a transmembrane protein whose expression is restricted to B-cells in mouse and man. Aside from other proteins (CD81, CD21 etc.) it associates with the B-cell receptor (BCR) to augment its signal and appears to be of critical importance in the development and differentiation of B-cells. CD19 is expressed on virtually all B-cell malignancies and may provide a survival signal for at least some B cell malignancies. Targeting CD19 by antibodies appears to be effective in disease control making it an interesting target for T-cell therapy. We have developed a murine model for high grade B-cell lymphoma using lambda-human-cmyc transgenic mice. These animals spontaneously develop high grade B-cell lymphomas with similarities to human Burkittxs lymphoma. From these mice we established various cell lines which can be cultured long term and transferred onto recipients to form new locally or systemically growing lymphomas. Using homozygous CD19cre mice as a model for CD19 deficiency we show here that transfer of lethal doses of lymphoma cells (0.1-1.0 Mio 291cells) which form lymphomas in more than 90% of wild type recipients can be rejected long term (100 days) in up to 60% (9/14) of CD19 deficient mice (p=0.001, left figure). After s.c. injection 9/14 of CD19-/- animals transiently form tumors at the site of injection (right figure CD19-/-B6 rejection) which eventually disappear as a sign of rejection. STAT1-/- deficient animals served as a positive control since they harbour a NK- and T-cell defect. In case of outgrowing tumors (5/14), we still observe a strong infiltration by T-cells which is completely absent in wild type recipients. Heterotypic prime-boost-vaccination of CD19 deficient mice using a CD19 expression vector and long peptides results in a strong T-cell response as shown by IFNgamma ELISPOT and ELISA assay which is absent in wt mice or control vaccinated animals (chicken ovalbumine, OVA). Using peptide prediction several epitopes within the murine CD19 protein could be identified giving rise to mainly CD4 responses in the context of MHC H2b. Vaccination of CD19 deficient animals is being done to further improve survival of tumor-challenged animals. Collectively, our data indicate that CD19 serves as a rejection antigen in our model system and that protective T-cell responses can be generated to provide long survival after tumor challenge. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Interaction between depolarization effects, interface layer, and fatigue behavior in PZT thin film capacitors (2017)

The existence of non-ferroelectric regions in ferroelectric thin films evokes depolarization effects leading to a tilt of the P(E) hysteresis loop. The analysis of measured hysteresis of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films is used to determine a depolarization factor which contains quantitative information about interfacial layers as well as ferroelectrically passive zones in the bulk. The derived interfacial capacitance is smaller than that estimated from conventional extrapolation techniques. In addition, the concept of depolarization is used for the investigation of fatigue behavior of PZT thin films indicating that the mechanism of seed inhibition, which is responsible for the effect, occurs in the entire film.
Development of Capacitive 6-Axis Force Sensor (2009)

We have succeeded in developing a capacitive 6-axis force sensor that can singly detect 3-axis force and 3-axis moment. The capacitive 6-axis force sensor has an advantage of being able to realize high accuracy at low cost compared with conventional sensors using strain gauges. This paper details the sensor structure, detection principle, and detection circuit, as well as the performance, such as sensitivity, cross-axis sensitivity, and linearity of the capacitive 6-axis force sensor.
Ultrathin Nanowires: Features of Transport in Ultrathin Gold Nanowire Structures (Small 6/2013) (2013)

The contact interface between large metal electrodes and ultrathin gold nanowires produced from a chemical synthesis is investigated by S. Pud, S. Vitusevich, and co-workers. The conduction through this junction is influenced by physisorbed molecules on the nanowires. The electrical transport mechanism through the electrode–nanowires interface is explained on page 846 in the context of thermal fluctuationinduced tunneling theory, and is confirmed by microscopy measurements.