gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Detection of Molecular Biorecognition by Dipole Sensing Mechanism (2009)

This work investigates the feasibility of transducing molecular-recognition events into a measurable potentiometric signal. It is shown for the first time that biorecognition of acetylcholine (ACh) can be translated to conformational changes in the enzyme, acetylcholine-esterase (AChE), which in turn induces a measurable change in surface potential. Our results show that a highly sensitive detector for ACh can be obtained by the dilute assembly of AChE on a floating gate derived field effect transistor (FG-FET). A wide concentration range response is observed for ACh (10(-2)-10(-9)M) and for the inhibitor carbamylcholine CCh (10(-6)-10(-11)M). These enhanced sensitivities are modeled theoretically and explained by the combined response of the device to local pH changes and molecular dipole variations due to the enzyme-substrate recognition event.
Towards friction and adhesion from high modulus microfiber arrays (2007)

Unlike traditional pressure sensitive adhesives, the natural setal arrays of gecko lizards achieve dry adhesion with stiff, keratinous material. This remarkable property has inspired a new class of adhesive and high friction microstructures composed of stiff materials that, like natural setae, have an elastic modulus greater than 1 GPa. In contrast to softer materials, such as rubber and low molecular weight acrylates, stiff materials have the advantage of wear and creep resistance and represent a wide range of polymers, metals, and ceramics that include materials that are also temperature resistant and biocompatible. This work presents progress in the design and fabrication of synthetic gecko adhesives with particular attention to the principles of contact mechanics and elasticity that are essential in formulating accurate design criteria.
High-aspect-ratio Sub-2-μm Vias Using Thermal Imprint with Build-up Resin (2018)

We developed a fabrication method of high-aspect-ratio fine vias with a build-up resin. The build-up resin composed of a thermosetting resin and silica fillers has low coefficient of thermal expansion and low dielectric constant. Thermal imprint was performed to form the high-aspect-ratio fine via holes on the build-up resin. The imprint mold with high-aspect-ratio fine pillar patterns was fabricated by photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. The residual layer consisted of the thermosetting resin and the silica filler was removed by O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /CHF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> plasma etching. The via of 1.2 μm in diameter with aspect ratio of 5.5, and 5.0 μm in pitch was successfully fabricated followed by Au electroplating. The proposed fabrication method is applicable for high-density 3-dimensional and 2.5-dimensional integration technologies.
PowerChip: Advanced Technologies for Integrated Power Electronics (2014)

To realize advances in power conversion technology, the research project investigated three areas: ) new power semiconductor devices; 2) new magnetic materials and component designs; and 3) new circuit architectures and topologies to realize higher degrees of miniaturization, integration and performance. The application focus was on power converters for driving LED loads, encompassing ac-to-dc and dc-to-dc conversion from moderate voltage levels (to above 100 V) to low voltages (e.g., tens of Volts) at low to moderate operating power levels (e.g., tens of Watts). Semiconductor device research focused on the performance, reliability and improved design of devices based on Gallium Nitride (GaN). Magnetics research focused on both development of new magnetic materials suitable to higher operating frequencies and on microfabrication of magnetic components. Systems research focused on leveraging these advances to attain higher operating frequencies, miniaturization and performance as compared to the present state of the art.
Side impact protection opportunities (1996)

The level of side impact protection achievable by passenger vehicles was examined in a series of crash tests performed following US FMVSS 214 dynamic testing protocols, but substituting EuroSID 1 and BioSID crash test dummies in place of the US SID. The vehicles included a Honda Accord modified by Transport Canada, a production Ford Contour and production versions of the Volvo 850 with and without the Sipsbag. In addition to satisfying the criteria referenced in US and European regulations, the modified Honda Accord, the Ford Contour and the Volvo 850 fitted with the Sipsbag all showed high levels of protection to the abdomen based on the responses measured with the BioSID. All three vehicle models limited abdominal penetration on the driver side to under 39 mm and the peak VC value to well below 1 m/s. The results obtained in this series of tests suggest that innovative padding schemes represent viable alternatives to side-mounted air bag systems as a means of further improving occupant safety in side impacts. [A] For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896528.
Methods to reduce thermal stress for TSV Scaling ∼TSV with novel structure: Annular-Trench-Isolated TSV (2015)

Through-Silicon Via (TSV) plays an important role as the interconnects in accomplishing three-dimensional miniaturization of electronic device. Due to large mismatch in Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE) between metal via (usually copper) and silicon substrate of TSV, induced thermal stress would lead to electrical performance and various reliability issues, such as device characteristics deviation. In this paper, FEM simulation was carried out for thermal stress analysis of TSVs. TSV cross-section stress measurement by polarized Raman spectroscopy were performed under three temperatures. With offsetting the measured residual stress at room temperature, we report that both radial and axial thermal stresses in simulation agree well with measurement data, which validated the simulation methodology. With this validated simulation, we revealed that the methods as parylene substitute of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as dielectric layer and annular structure lose the efficacy for thermal stress reduction with TSV scaling down. A novel Annular-Trench-Isolated TSV is proposed to solve the thermal issues in 3D IC integration from a brand new point view of stress distribution optimization. Annular-Trench-Isolated TSV, as copper core, silicon ring layer, SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer, reduces thermal stress in silicon substrate by concentrating the stress to copper/silicon interface inside TSV, which is suitable for stress sensitive device. Furthermore, the advantage of stress reduction in silicon substrate by silicon ring layer enhances with TSV scaling down.
Interaction of Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-based Ureas and Thiourea with Superoxide Anion and Peroxide Dianion through Multiple Hydrogen Bonding (2014)

Abstract Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-based urea and thiourea derivatives interacted with a superoxide anion (O2−) and peroxide dianion (O22−): The redox potential of oxygen was positively shifted with the molecules through their multiple-hydrogen-bond donor ability.
Characterization of XAGE‐1b, a short major transcript of cancer/testis‐associated gene XAGE‐1, induced in melanoma metastasis (2001)

Suppression subtractive hybridization, comparing mRNA expression profiles of common nevocellular nevi and melanoma metastases, was used to identify potential markers of melanoma progression. From the metastases we isolated XAGE-1b, a 470 bp transcript of the XAGE-1 gene. In general, expression of XAGE-1b was much more prominent than expression of the longer XAGE-1 transcript, isolated from Ewing's sarcoma. The XAGE-1b open-reading frame codes for a putative protein of 81 amino acids, harboring a functional bipartite nuclear localization signal and a C-terminal acidic transcription-activation-like domain. On the nucleotide level, XAGE-1b has a 50% homology with members of the GAGE family. However, homology between the corresponding proteins is weak. Expression of XAGE-1b in normal tissues was mainly restricted to testis, while placenta and brain were sporadically positive. In human tumor cell lines as well as in human tumor lesions, expression was most frequently found in melanocytic tumors and Ewing's sarcoma. In the different stages of melanocytic tumor progression, expression was exclusively seen in melanoma metastases (38%; n = 61), while all tested common and atypical nevi (n = 10) as well as primary melanomas (n = 8) were negative. Upregulation of expression after treatment with demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was detected in 1 of 4 human melanoma cell lines tested. The XAGE-1 gene consists of 4 exons and is located on chromosome Xp11.21-Xp11.22. After transfection into COS cells, the corresponding protein can direct the coupled fluorescent protein to the nucleus, showing a distinct speckled staining aspect. Our data imply the nuclear cancer/testis-associated XAGE-1b to be a marker for late melanocytic tumor progression.
Synthesis of aromatic amino acids from 2G lignocellulosic substrates (2021)

Pseudomonas putida is a highly solvent-resistant microorganism and useful chassis for the production of value-added compounds from lignocellulosic residues, in particular aromatic compounds that are made from phenylalanine. The use of these agricultural residues requires a two-step treatment to release the components of the polysaccharides of cellulose and hemicellulose as monomeric sugars, the most abundant monomers being glucose and xylose. Pan-genomic studies have shown that Pseudomonas putida metabolizes glucose through three convergent pathways to yield 6-phosphogluconate and subsequently metabolizes it through the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, but the strains do not degrade xylose. The valorization of both sugars is critical from the point of view of economic viability of the process. For this reason, a P. putida strain was endowed with the ability to metabolize xylose via the xylose isomerase pathway, by incorporating heterologous catabolic genes that convert this C5 sugar into intermediates of the pentose phosphate cycle. In addition, the open reading frame T1E_2822, encoding glucose dehydrogenase, was knocked-out to avoid the production of the dead-end product xylonate. We generated a set of DOT-T1E-derived strains that metabolized glucose and xylose simultaneously in culture medium and that reached high cell density with generation times of around 100 min with glucose and around 300 min with xylose. The strains grew in 2G hydrolysates from diluted acid and steam explosion pretreated corn stover and sugarcane straw. During growth, the strains metabolized > 98% of glucose, > 96% xylose and > 85% acetic acid. In 2G hydrolysates P. putida 5PL, a DOT-T1E derivative strain that carries up to five independent mutations to avoid phenylalanine metabolism, accumulated this amino acid in the medium. We constructed P. putida 5PLΔgcd (xylABE) that produced up to 250 mg l<sup>-1</sup> of phenylalanine when grown in 2G pretreated corn stover or sugarcane straw. These results support as a proof of concept the potential of P. putida as a chassis for 2G processes.
Traffic-Aware Video Streaming in Broadband Wireless Networks (2010)

With increasing implementation of broadband wireless networks and extensive deployment of multimedia services such as Video on Demand (VoD) or IPTV, the demand for video streaming applications will increase and more people will use their wireless devices to reach numerous video contents available in the Internet. Streaming real-time video in wireless networks is a challenging problem due to the stringent service requirements of video traffic and impairments of wireless channels. Providing the required Quality of Service (QoS) through efficient resource allocation is a complicated problem that service providers are confronting. In this paper, we propose a traffic-aware, cross-layer solution for enhancing the perceived video quality at the end user in wireless networks. Our solution incorporates the characteristics of the MPEG traffic to give more priority to the more important frames and to protect them against dropping when available resources of the network are not sufficient for providing the desired QoS to the traffic flow. It is shown that the proposed solution will improve the perceived video quality over the broadband wireless networks.
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays (2004)

On behalf of the organizing and program committees, welcome to FPGA 2004, the Twelfth ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays. This year's symposium features twenty-four papers and 42 poster presentations describing the latest FPGA research. The program this year focuses on the timely issue of power consumption issues in FPGAs. A large number of high quality papers were submitted in this area, demonstrating the response of the research community to a clear commercial challenge. The program also has a mixture of topics ranging from novel devices for FPGA construction to FPGA applications. The selection process was difficult, and we wound up accepting only 24 of the 90 submitted papers for presentations. Many additional papers are included as posters.he panel this year examines the question of whether FPGAs deserve new tools, or whether current tools adopted from ASIC design are sufficient for future generations of FPGAs. The panel is composed of industrial and academic researchers who will debate the benefits of different computational models and tools for FPGAs.FPGA 2004 provides a relaxed atmosphere for informal information exchange, networking and stimulating discussions with the leaders in FPGA research and development from industry and academia as well as the next generation of FPGA researchers. Paper sessions are separated by ample time to peruse the poster presentations and discuss the latest FPGA news.
Evaluation of the safety and immunomodulatory effects of sargramostim in a randomized, double-blind phase 1 clinical Parkinson’s disease trial (2017)

A potential therapeutic role for immune transformation in Parkinson's disease evolves from more than a decade of animal investigations demonstrating regulatory T cell (Treg) nigrostriatal neuroprotection. To bridge these results to human disease, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind phase 1 trial with a well-studied immune modulator, sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). We enrolled 17 age-matched non-Parkinsonian subjects as non-treated controls and 20 Parkinson's disease patients. Both Parkinson's disease patients and controls were monitored for 2 months for baseline profiling. Parkinson's disease patients were then randomized into two equal groups to self-administer placebo (saline) or sargramostim subcutaneously at 6 μg/kg/day for 56 days. Adverse events for the sargramostim and placebo groups were 100% (10/10) and 80% (8/10), respectively. These included injection site reactions, increased total white cell counts, and upper extremity bone pain. One urticarial and one vasculitis reaction were found to be drug and benzyl alcohol related, respectively. An additional patient with a history of cerebrovascular disease suffered a stroke on study. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, Part III scores in the sargramostim group showed modest improvement after 6 and 8 weeks of treatment when compared with placebo. This paralleled improved magnetoencephalography-recorded cortical motor activities and Treg numbers and function compared with pretreated Parkinson's disease patients and non-Parkinsonian controls. Peripheral Treg transformation was linked to serum tryptophan metabolites, including L-kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and serotonin. These data offer a potential paradigm shift in modulating immune responses for potential therapeutic gain for Parkinson's disease. Confirmation of these early study results requires larger numbers of enrolled patients and further clinical investigation.
Rapid Access to Oxindoles by the Combined Use of an Ugi Four-Component Reaction and a Microwave-Assisted Intramolecular Buchwald−Hartwig Amidation Reaction (2006)

A two-step sequence involving an Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) and a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amidation of aryl iodide has been developed for rapid access to functionalized oxindole (1). Microwave heating was used to accelerate and to improve the efficiency of the intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig reaction.
Somatic cancer mutations across populations (2007)

PL06-01 Although evidence for divergent cancer biology among different ethnic populations has accrued for decades, in many cases the molecular basis for such differences remains unresolved. Progress in this arena may stem from recent advances in cancer genomics approaches. Indeed, cancer represents a disease of the genome, in that each cancer contains a unique set of altered oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Recent large-scale surveys of tumor somatic genetic alterations have begun to shed light on the types of molecular changes that might underlie ethnic differences in cancer behavior. This talk will describe examples of causal tumor genetic changes that vary with ethnicity, as well as emerging high-throughput approaches that may enable comprehensive cancer gene mutation profiling across ethnic groups in the future. Elucidating the relationship between cancer biology and ethnicity will likely comprise an important step towards individualized cancer medicine.
D-Beam Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion (2011)

Use of laser-driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) for space propulsion has been examined in several earlier conceptual design studies. However, these designs used older ICF target technology. Important new directions opened following the development of “chirped” lasers capable of ultra-short ps pulses with powers of PWs. This allows fast ignition (FI) for high energy gain ICF power plants. The FI approach uses a conventional laser to precompress the target to high density. In the deuteron beam version, the PW laser is then fired on a converter plate in front of the ICF target, creating an intense deuteron ion beam that ignites fusion in a central core of the target. It is estimated that using a 10 TW-ps laser for FI can achieve fusion energy gains >103. Application of deuteron beam fast ignition to the earlier VISTA design for ICF space propulsion unit is considered here.
Solution Phase Production of Graphene with Controlled Thickness via Density Differentiation (2009)

Graphene flakes with controlled thicknesses are isolated in solution using density gradient ultracentrifugation. These stable graphene dispersions are produced using the bile salt sodium cholate, which promotes graphite exfoliation and results in graphene-surfactant complexes having buoyant densities that vary with graphene thickness. The sorted graphene flakes are characterized using atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Graphene dispersions produced using density differentiation offer superior performance in transparent conductors than those produced using conventional sedimentation-based centrifugation techniques.
Evaluation of Polarization Maintaining Fiber Resonator for Rotation Sensing Applications (1988)

Fiber-optic ring resonators have been investigated as one class of fiber-optic gyros, primarily based on the potential for reduced fiber length, increased lnearity and dynamic range, as well as reduced sensitivity to thermal transient gradients1-4. Single mode fiber resonators have been fabricated and tested for rotation sensing applications1 - 3. These devices require polarization-controlling (PC) loops5 to properly match incident light into one of the two resonant polarization eigenstates of the ring resonator. In order to obtain low drift performance, it has been pointed4,6 out that tight tolerances on the PC’s must be maintained. Since the state of polarization in the fiber is sensitive to environmental factors, especially temperature, active control of the PC’s has been suggested1,4. One attractive alternative for achieving the required polarization control is the use of high birefringence polarization maintaining fiber for the resonator loopl,2,4, eliminating the need for polarization controllers.
A Classification of BPEL Extensions (2011)

The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) has emerged as de-facto standard for business processes implementation. This language is designed to be extensible for including additional valuable features in a standardized manner. There are a number of BPEL extensions available. They are, however, neither classified nor evaluated with respect to their compliance to the BPEL standard. This article fills this gap by providing a framework for classifying BPEL extensions, a classification of existing extensions, and a guideline for designing BPEL extensions.
BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW LUMBAR DISC PROSTHESIS (2002)

Introduction: The artificial disc consists of proprietary polyolefin rubber core bonded between two titanium endplates. It has been developed for the treatment of symptomatic disc degeneration with the aim of providing segmental stability and motion following wide disc space clearance. It was designed to have similar properties to a normal adult human intervertebral disc when working in conjunction with the retained anulo-vertebral tissues and the supporting musculoligamentous system. Methods: Over 120 discs were used to biomechanically characterize the Device. Range of motion tests were designed and performed to measure the axial compression, torsional, and shear stiffness of the artificial disc and to compare this with the known values for the human lumbar disc. Pullout test was performed to evaluate the immediate and short-term stability of the inserted device by assessing the mechanical resistance to pullout or expulsion. To assess the ability of the implant to withstand average daily living loads throughout its predicted life, compression and compressive shear fatigue testing were performed. Discussion: The device was found to replicate many of the physiologic characteristics of the in-vivo FSU. The quasi-static testing showed the device to have higher strength values than the highest in-vivo loads and displacements. Fatigue testing showed the smallest device endurance limit of 3,500N at ten million cycles. The results demonstrate that the failure modes of the device contain sufficient safety margins to support the use of the device in a prospective clinical study.
Cover Picture (2002)

The cover picture shows the late biosynthetic steps of the antibiotic echinosporin (in the center of the picture) starting from chorismate. In the background one can see an agar plate of Streptomyces erythraeus (strain Tü 4015), the organism producing the tricyclic acetal-lactone echinosporin. The mechanism shown, including a rearrangement and a Michael addition, represents a new branch of the shikimate pathway leading to a non-aromatic metabolite. Details are discussed in the article by A. Zeeck et al. on page 983 ff.