gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-Resolution Imagery for Flight Simulation (1994)

Abstract : A position-varying, low-pass filter was used to produce variable- resolution images whose spatial frequency content varies as a function of distance from their center. Such images can be matched in some sense to the spatial inhomogeneities of the human visual system, and thus may be visually acceptable even though they contain less information than an unprocessed version of the same image. Following a discussion of image representation with nonuniform sampling and of the concept of locally bandlimited spaces, two experiments were performed to visually assess variable-resolution images. In Experiment 1, images were generated using a series of distortion functions (differing in central blur, peripheral blur, and blur gradient) chosen to approximate cortical magnification functions (CMFNs) derived from existing anatomical and psychophysical data. The distortion functions, corresponding to the images that were just discriminable from an unprocessed image, were used to define the wide-field CMFN associated with changes in blur discrimination across the visual field. In Experiment 2, blur thresholds were measured using apertures in the form of either circles or 3 deg-wide angular segments centered in either 15 deg or 30 deg eccentricity. Differences in blur discrimination for the two stimulus configurations, matched in area, suggest that the spatial organization of the visual mechanisms underlying blur discrimination changes with eccentricity. Finally, the perceptual data obtained here were used to efficiently sample and represent a variable-resolution image.
Efficient Viral Capture and Inactivation from Bioaerosols Using Electrostatic Precipitation (2023)

Abstract The presence of infectious viral particles in bioaerosols generated during laparoscopic surgery places surgical staff at significant risk of infection and represents a major cause of nosocomial infection. These factors contributed to the postponement and cancellation of countless surgical procedures during the early stages of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, causing backlogs, increased waiting times for surgical procedures and excess deaths indirectly related to the pandemic. The development and implementation of devices that effectively inactivate viral particles from bioaerosols would be beneficial in limiting or preventing the spread of infections from such bioaerosols. Here, we sought to evaluate whether electrostatic precipitation (EP) is a viable means to capture and inactivate both non-enveloped (Adenovirus) and enveloped (SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Lentivirus) viral particles present in bioaerosols. We developed a closed-system model to mimic the release of bioaerosols during laparoscopic surgery. Known concentrations of each virus were aerosolised into the model system, exposed to EP using a commercially available system (Ultravision TM , Alesi Surgical Limited, UK) and collected in a BioSampler for analysis. Using qPCR to quantify viral genomes and transduction assays to quantify biological activity, we show that both enveloped and non-enveloped viral particles were efficiently captured and inactivated by EP. Both capture and inactivation could be further enhanced when increasing the voltage to 10kV, or when using two Ultravision ™ discharge electrodes together at 8kV. This study highlights EP as an efficient means for capturing and inactivating viral particles present in bioaerosols. The use of EP may limit the spread of diseases, reducing nosocomial infections and potentially enable the continuation of surgical procedures during periods of viral pandemics. Highlights Bioaerosols released from patients during surgery have the potential to facilitate viral spread. Ultravision ™ technology works via the process of electrostatic precipitation. Electrostatic precipitation can be manipulated to capture and inactivate aerosolised viral particles, preventing viral spread. Electrostatic precipitation is effective against both enveloped and non-enveloped viral particles. Electrostatic precipitation represents a viable means to reduce nosocomial infections. Graphical Abstract
IdeoTrace (2019)

The 2016 United States presidential election has been characterized as a period of extreme divisiveness that was exacerbated on social media by the influence of fake news, trolls, and social bots. However, the extent to which the public became more polarized in response to these influences over the course of the election is not well understood. In this paper we propose IdeoTrace, a framework for (i) jointly estimating the ideology of social media users and news websites and (ii) tracing changes in user ideology over time. We apply this framework to the last two months of the election period for a group of 47508 Twitter users and demonstrate that both liberal and conservative users became more polarized over time.
A DC-9.5GHz noise-canceling distributed LNA in 65nm CMOS (2013)

Summary form only given. A low noise amplifier is presented that uniquely achieves wide-band input matching and good low-frequency noise performance at the same time. Its topology is a hybrid of distributed amplifier and a common-source common-gate noise-canceling amplifier. The proof-of-principle prototype in 65nm CMOS operates from DC up to 9.5GHz with more than 12dB gain, achieves a minimum noise figure of 2.8dB, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of -7dBm, IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> of +4dBm, consumes 18mW from a 1.4V power supply and occupies a total active area of 0.4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Tiny You: A Western History of the Anti-Abortion Movement (2021)

Book Review| October 01 2021 Tiny You: A Western History of the Anti-Abortion Movement Tiny You: A Western History of the Anti-Abortion Movement, By Jennifer L. Holland, Oakland: University of California Press, 2020. viii + 310 pp. Paper, $29.95. Kathleen A. Kelly Kathleen A. Kelly Gray Bevins Editorial Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (2021) 89 (4): 356–357. https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.4.0356 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Kathleen A. Kelly; Tiny You: A Western History of the Anti-Abortion Movement. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 2021; 89 (4): 356–357. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.4.0356 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2021 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2021 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Corticosteroid Dose Reduction in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Treated With Vedolizumab During the GEMINI 1 Trial (2015)

Introduction: Corticosteroids (CS) are effective for the short-term treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but serious side effects prohibit long-term use. In the GEMINI 1 study, a significantly higher percentage of patients with moderately to severely active UC were in CS-free remission at week 52 with vedolizumab (VDZ) treatment than with placebo (PBO).1 Methods: In GEMINI 1, patients who responded to VDZ induction therapy at week 6 were re-randomized to PBO or VDZ for 46 weeks. From week 6 onward, patients with clinical response to VDZ began a CS tapering regimen. We characterized CS dose reductions achieved with VDZ therapy in exploratory and post hoc analyses of patients with baseline (week 0) CS use (≤30 mg/day prednisone or equivalent). Median CS dose over time, change from baseline CS dose, and CS-free status at week 52 were summarized overall and by tumor necrosis factor antagonist (anti-TNF) treatment (naive or failure) history. Results: Among patients with baseline CS use, 74% decreased their CS dose with VDZ treatment compared with 57% with PBO (Table). At week 52, 56% of VDZ-treated patients compared with 32% of PBO-treated patients were on ≤7.5 mg/day of CS (Table); the median CS dose was 2.5 mg/day for VDZ-treated patients and 10.0 mg/day for PBO-treated patients. Numerically higher percentages of VDZ-treated patients were CS-free for 90 or 180 consecutive days at week 52 than PBO-treated patients (Table). Similar trends were observed in the anti-TNF-naïve and anti-TNF-failure populations (Table). Conclusion: Numerically greater reductions in CS use were achieved with VDZ maintenance therapy compared with PBO. At week 52, VDZ therapy was associated with numerically higher percentages of CS-free patients and patients who were CS-free for 90 or 180 consecutive days than PBO. Interpretation of these post hoc analyses, including the degree of dose reduction, is limited by differing initiation weeks for CS tapering per patient and small sample sizes.Table 1: CS Dose Reductions at Week 52
Discovery of carbamate degrading enzymes by functional metagenomics (2017)

Bioremediation of pollutants is a major concern worldwide, leading to the research of new processes to break down and recycle xenobiotics and environment contaminating polymers. Among them, carbamates have a very broad spectrum of uses, such as toxinogenic pesticides or elastomers. In this study, we mined the bovine rumen microbiome for carbamate degrading enzymes. We isolated 26 hit clones exhibiting esterase activity, and were able to degrade at least one of the targeted polyurethane and pesticide carbamate compounds. The most active clone was deeply characterized. In addition to Impranil, this clone was active on Tween 20, pNP-acetate, butyrate and palmitate, and on the insecticide fenobucarb. Sequencing and sub-cloning of the best target revealed a novel carboxyl-ester hydrolase belonging to the lipolytic family IV, named CE_Ubrb. This study highlights the potential of highly diverse microbiota such as the ruminal one for the discovery of promiscuous enzymes, whose versatility could be exploited for industrial uses.
Classifier-based Contour Tracking for Rigid and Deformable Objects (2005)

This paper proposes a machine learning approach to the problem of modelbased contour tracking for rigid or deformable objects.The motion of the target is calculated by tracking its contours in a video sequence.We develop a probabilistic representation of contours that allows robust contour tracking in presence of texture and clutter.We use boosting to train a predictor of the conditional probability of texture transition, given the pixel intensities.The most likely connected contours are obtained by maximizing the posterior probability of object model parameters.The probabilistic formulation allows spatial connectivity of the contours to be formulated in a natural manner.For deformable objects, we use a Hidden Markov Model to calculate the joint law of the conditional probabilities of contour points while for rigid objects geometric properties of the model are used in a framework of random sample consensus algorithm to find the optimal model pose.We demonstrate that the proposed method is fast and robust for tracking deformable and rigid objects.We also compare our algorithm to several other contour tracking methods.
Longitudinal assessment of rates of brain and retinal atrophy in African American versus Caucasian American patients with Multiple Sclerosis (S47.003) (2018)

To assess differences in brain MRI and retinal OCT atrophy rates between AAMS and CAMS
Properties of amylopectin/montmorillonite composite films containing a coupling agent (2007)

Abstract The addition of clay to polymers has the combined effects of enhancing both the strength/stiffness and the barrier properties. This investigation presents a novel approach to further enhance the strength/stiffness of cast plasticized amylopectin (AP)/Na + ‐montmorillonite clay films using a water‐soluble coupling agent, poly[(isobutylene‐ alt ‐maleic acid, ammonium salt)‐ co ‐(isobutylene‐ alt ‐maleic anhydride)], between the filler and the matrix. The addition of clay increased the strength and stiffness of the film and the addition of 0.4 parts of a coupling agent per 1 part clay further increased these properties. The trends were the same after each treatment, and there were always significant differences in stiffness and strength between the films without clay and with clay with 0.4 parts of the coupling agent. The increase in stiffness/strength in the presence of a small amount of the coupling agent suggested that it had a bridging effect, presumably through strong secondary bonds to the clay and to the matrix. Infrared spectroscopy and moisture swelling experiments indicated that ester bonds were formed between the coupling agent and AP. X‐ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the clay‐particle/polymer structure was qualitatively independent of the presence of the coupling agent showing a mixture of intercalated clay stacks and exfoliated platelets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 4160–4167, 2007
DHEA in Elderly Women and DHEA or Testosterone in Elderly Men (2007)

One common approach to preventing or delaying age-related disorders is to supplement falling hormone levels. Animal studies give some evidence that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) lessens age-related changes in body composition and has beneficial effects on diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but rodents—unlike humans—have very low DHEA levels. Whether or not to give supplemental testosterone to elderly men also is unsettled. This randomized 2-year placebo-controlled, double-blind study enrolled 87 men aged 60 years and older having low levels of sulfated DHEA and bioavailable testosterone, and 57 elderly women with low levels of sulfated DHEA. The men received 75 mg of DHEA daily in tablet form, 5 mg of testosterone daily via transdermal patch, or an appropriate placebo for 2 years. The women received either a 50-mg DHEA tablet daily or a placebo tablet. There were no major group differences at baseline. DHEA recipients had significant increases in levels of sulfated DHEA and estradiol, and treated women had increased total testosterone levels. Both bioavailable and total testosterone increased significantly in testosterone-treated men compared with placebo recipients. DHEA did not significantly alter gonadotropin levels in men or women, but lower levels were found in testosterone-treated men. Neither treatment significantly altered fasting plasma glucose levels or insulin sensitivity. Both men and women given DHEA had significant reductions in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In men and women combined, those given DHEA had a slight but significant rise in fat-free mass and a reduction in proportion of body fat. Fat-free mass also increased in men given testosterone. Measures of muscle strength remained unchanged. Small increases in bone mineral density were noted at some but not all sites with both active treatments. Neither treatment significantly altered quality of life as reflected by scores on the Physical Component and Mental Component scales of the Health Status Questionnaire. Neither treatment altered prostate volume, liver function, or levels of electrolytes or hemoglobin. In this study, neither DHEA nor low-dose testosterone had physiologically meaningful beneficial effects on body composition, physical performance, or quality of life in elderly men or women. The investigators strongly recommend that these treatments not be used as anti-aging measures.
Hapten-specific T-cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. I. Genetic control of delayed-type hypersensitivity by VH and I-A-region genes. (1979)

Hapten-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was induced in several strains of mice. (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-bovine gamma globulin (NP-BGG)-primed mice which did not bear the Ig1b heavy-chain linkage group made a NP-specific DTH response when challenged with NP bovine serum albumin (BSA) and failed to respond to challenge with (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-bovine serum albumin (NIP-BSA). Strains of NP-BGG-primed mice bearing the Ig1b allotype, including SJL, responded to challenges of either NP-BSA or NIP-BSA. F1 hybrids between a cross-reactive strain, C57BL/6, and two other noncross-reactive strains were cross-reactive. Genetic mapping of the NIP-cross-reactive DTH response localized the trait to the VH-region of the Ig1b heavy-chain linkage group. The fine-specificity pattern of the T-cell anti-NP response, and the genetic mapping of this trait, were analogous to the reported fine specificity and mapping data of the humoral heteroclitic anti-NP response. Adoptive transfer studies on the ability to transfer NP-specific DTH between various strain combinations showed that the T-cell donors and the recipient must have homology for at least the I-A subregion. Whenever NP-specific reactivity was transferred from a strain which cross-reactively responded to NIP, the recipient also responded to both NP and NIP. The implications of the control of NP-primed DTH-reactive populations of T cells by two distinct genetic regions, VH and H-2, were discussed.
Novel SiC Power Module for Traction Power Inverters with Low Parasitic Inductances (2019)

Automotive industry is moving fast to adopt SiC devices in the next generation electric vehicles due to numerous benefits such as reduced losses, higher blocking voltage, smaller package of power electronics components, etc... A new power module package, which is optimized for traction inverters, is presented in this paper. Electrical layout of power module is optimized, where power loop parasitic inductance is minimized to be 5 nH, enabling fast switching with low voltage overshoot. Complete power stage, including power module and dc bulk capacitor, is designed to achieve low inductance of only 5.5 nH. New reverse conducting 900V, 10mΩ SiC MOSFETs from Wolfspeed are used in this power module, reducing conduction and dynamic switching losses. Power module can deliver 250 kW of active power, while achieving high overall efficiency of 98.5%. Performance merits of the new power module design are verified experimentally through extensive static and dynamic characterization. The new SiC power module is an excellent package for automotive applications, enabling operations at higher switching frequencies and resulting in smaller power conversion components.
Understanding Soft Error Resiliency of Blue Gene/Q Compute Chip through Hardware Proton Irradiation and Software Fault Injection (2014)

Soft Error Resiliency is a major concern for Petascale high performance computing (HPC) systems. Blue Gene/Q (BG/Q) is the third generation of IBM's massively parallel, energy efficient Blue Gene series of supercomputers. The principal goal of this work is to understand the interaction between Blue-Gene/Q's hardware resiliency features and high-performance applications through proton irradiation of a real chip, and software resiliency inherent in these applications through application-level fault injection (AFI) experiments. From the proton irradiation experiments we derived that the mean time between correctable errors at sea level of the SRAM-based register files and Level-1 caches for a system similar to the scale of Sequoia system. From the AFI experiments, we characterized relative vulnerability among the applications in both general purpose and floating point register files. We categorized and quantified the failure outcomes, and discovered characteristics in the applications that lead to many masking improvement opportunities.
Electric Actuation of Nanostructured Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels with Ultralarge Electrostriction Coefficients (2011)

Abstract Electrostriction facilitates the electric field‐stimulated mechanical actuation of dielectric materials. This work demonstrates that introduction of dielectric mismatched nanodomains to a dielectric elastomer results in an unexpected ultralarge electrostriction coefficient, enabling a large electromechanical strain response at a low electric field. This strong electrostrictive effect is attributed to the development of an inhomogeneous electric field across the film thickness due to the high density of interfaces between dielectric mismatched periodic nanoscale domains. The periodic nanostructure of the nanostructured gel also makes it possible to measure the true electromechanical strain from the dimensional change monitored via in situ synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering. The work offers a promising pathway to design novel high performance dielectric elastomers as well as to understand the underlying operational mechanism of nanostructured multiphase electrostrictive systems.
Wetting and dissolution studies of fluoropolymers used in 157 nm photolithography applications (2004)

Photolithography using the F2 excimer laser at 157 nm, a technology to bridge traditional optical lithography and next generation lithographies, promises to enable ultralarge scale integrated devices with sub-70 nm design rules. Chemically amplified resists based on fluoropolymers have previously been shown to be good candidates for 157 nm microlithography. In our research, hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFIPA) groups have been incorporated into polymers to improve the base solubility and to increase the transparency needed for new photoresists at 157 nm. These new polymers have absorbance values at 157 nm ranging from 1.7 to 3.9 μm−1. The introduction of fluorine groups increases their hydrophobicity and makes these polymers more difficult to wet at the surface. We have studied the effect of fluorine content on hydrophobicity of fluorinated polymers by measuring contact angle data over short time intervals. The ability to combine fluoropolymer synthesis with extensive contact angle studies has proven to be valuable in understanding solubility characteristics of these resins. These studies indicate that many of the fluorinated polymers have a very hydrophobic surface. Lowering contact angles can help to achieve the desired base solubility. Wetting studies also indicate that addition of certain surfactants to 0.26 N aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) help to reduce the contact angle. In addition to contact angle studies, we have used a quartz crystal microbalance to determine the dissolution rate of polymers in an aqueous base. Preliminary dissolution studies indicate a correlation to contact angle findings. Aqueous base solutions of 0.26 N TMAH containing surfactants were found to significantly lower the contact angle of an HFIPA-containing polymer, and increase the dissolution rate by an order of magnitude.