gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CsrRS Regulates Group BStreptococcusVirulence Gene Expression in Response to Environmental pH: a New Perspective on Vaccine Development (2009)

To identify factors involved in the response of group B streptococci (GBS) to environmental pH, we performed a comparative global gene expression analysis of GBS at acidic and neutral pHs. We found that the transcription of 317 genes was increased at pH 5.5 relative to that at pH 7.0, while 61 genes were downregulated. The global response to acid stress included the differential expression of genes involved in transport, metabolism, stress response, and virulence. Known vaccine candidates, such as BibA and pilus components, were also regulated by pH. We observed that many of the genes involved in the GBS response to pH are known to be controlled by the CsrRS two-component system. Comparison of the regulon of wild-type strain 2603 V/R with that of a csrRS deletion mutant strain revealed that the pH-dependent regulation of 90% of the downregulated genes and 59.3% of the up-regulated genes in strain 2603 V/R was CsrRS dependent and that many virulence factors were overexpressed at high pH. Beta-hemolysin regulation was abrogated by selective inactivation of csrS, suggesting the implication of the CsrS protein in pH sensing. These results imply that the translocation of GBS from the acidic milieu of the vagina to the neutral pH of the neonatal lung signals the up-regulation of GBS virulence factors and conversion from a colonizing to an invasive phenotype. In addition, the fact that increased exposure of BibA on the bacterial surface at pH 7.0 induced opsonophagocytic killing of GBS in immune serum highlights the importance of pH regulation in the protective efficacy of specific antibodies to surface-exposed GBS proteins.
Targeted immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: monoclonal antibodies and immunotoxins (2010)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern worldwide. It is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. There currently are a number of treatment options for CRC, however many of them have failed to demonstrate desired therapeutic benefit. Therefore, significant efforts are being directed towards the development of new biological therapies with improved efficacy. Immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality for a variety of cancers. Several promising treatments have already been approved by the US FDA and are being tested in clinical trials. Antibodies have been proved to be useful in cancer therapy due to their ability to recognize tumor-associated antigens expressed at higher density on malignant cells in comparison with those that are normal. Antibodies can be used as a single therapy or in combination with other therapies. A large variety of monoclonal antibodies have been developed. However, only a very few are able to kill a sufficient number of malignant cells and cause tumor regression. Hence, it is often necessary to arm the antibody with a cytotoxic agent to enhance the efficacy of the anti-tumor activity. This review provides a brief overview of some of the current agents being employed in targeted immunotherapy for CRC.
Effects of designed PLLA and 50:50 PLGA scaffold architectures on bone formation in vivo (2016)

Biodegradable porous scaffolds have been investigated as an alternative approach to current metal, ceramic, and polymer bone graft substitutes for lost or damaged bone tissues. Although there have been many studies investigating the effects of scaffold architecture on bone forma-tion, many of these scaffolds were fabricated using conventional methods such as salt leaching and phase separation, and were constructed without designed architecture. To study the effects of both designed architecture and material on bone formation, this study designed and fabri-cated three types of porous scaffold architecture from two biodegradable materials, poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and 50:50 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), using image based design and indirect solid freeform fabrication techniques, seeded them with bone morphogenetic protein-7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts, and implanted them subcutaneously into mice for 4 and 8weeks. Micro-computed tomography data confirmed that the fabricated porous scaffolds replicated the designed architectures. Histological analysis revealed that the 50:50 PLGA scaffolds degraded but did not maintain their architecture after 4weeks implantation. However, PLLA scaffolds maintained their architecture at both time points and showed improved bone ingrowth, which followed the internal
Waveguide-integrated telecom-wavelength photodiode in deposited silicon (2010)

We demonstrate photodiodes in deposited polycrystalline silicon at 1550 nm wavelength with 0.15 A/W responsivity, 40 nA dark current, and gigahertz time response. Subband absorption is mediated by defects that are naturally present in the polycrystalline material structure. The material exhibits a moderate absorption coefficient of 6 dB/cm, which allows the same microring resonator device to act as both a demultiplexing filter and a photodetector. We discuss the use of deposited silicon-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor materials for nanophotonic interconnects.
An Integrated Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Management through Accurate Voltage Measurement and Cell Balancing (2023)

Battery packs have become a critical component in various applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Accurate voltage measurement is essential for effective battery management, ensuring safety and reliability, which is especially important in high-power battery packs that consist of multiple cells connected in series or parallel configurations, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). This paper explores the voltage measurement topologies, pack configuration principles, and implementation of cell balancing in a lithiumion battery pack. We review the various types of faults that can occur in lithiumion batteries, different voltage sensor placement strategies, and their impact on the accuracy and robustness of voltage measurement. Our results show that proper cell balancing can improve battery performance, reduce the risk of safety incidents, and extend the battery lifespan.
The Histone Methyltransferase Suv39h1 Increases Class Switch Recombination Specifically to IgA (2006)

Ab class (isotype) switching allows the humoral immune system to adaptively respond to different infectious organisms. Isotype switching occurs by intrachromosomal DNA recombination between switch (S) region sequences associated with C(H) region genes. Although isotype-specific transcription of unrearranged (germline) C(H) genes is required for switching, recent results suggest that isotype specificity is also determined by the sequences of downstream (acceptor) S regions. In the current study, we identify the histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 as a novel Salpha-specific factor that specifically increases IgA switching (Smu-Salpha recombination) in a transiently transfected plasmid S substrate, and demonstrate that this effect requires the histone methyltransferase activity of Suv39h1. Additionally, B cells from Suv39h1-deficient mice have an isotype-specific reduction in IgA switching with no effect on the level of germline Ialpha-Calpha transcripts. Taken together, our results suggest that Suv39h1 activity inhibits the activity of a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that represses switch recombination to IgA.
Feedback control of many magnetized: Tetrahymena pyriformis cells by exploiting phase inhomogeneity (2013)

Biological robots can be produced in large numbers, but are often controlled by uniform inputs. This makes position control of multiple robots inherently challenging. This paper uses magnetically-steered ciliate eukaryon {Tetrahymena pyriformis) as a case study. These cells swim at a constant speed, and can be turned by changing the orientation of an external magnetic field. We show that it is possible to steer multiple T. pyriformis to independent goals if their turning - modeled as a first-order system - has unique time constants. We provide system identification tools to parameterize multiple cells in parallel. We construct feedback control-Lyapunov methods that exploit differing phase-lags under a rotating magnetic field to steer multiple cells to independent target positions. We prove that these techniques scale to any number of cells with unique first-order responses to the global magnetic field. We provide simulations steering hundreds of cells and validate our procedure in hardware experiments with multiple cells.
Biomechanical Comparison of the Load Sharing Properties of Unidirectional and Bidirectional Multilevel Anterior Cervical Plates (2008)

Anterior cervical discectomy and graft fusion with spinal instrumentation is an accepted surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylosis or other spinal disc diseases. Our previous biomechanical experiences with multi-level strut-graft mechanics have shown that constrained anterior instrumentation reverses the loading mechanics of a multi-level cervical strut-graft tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions, which may promote graft pistoning [1]. The design of a constrained or static anterior cervical plate (ACP) may contribute to this phenomenon. Concurrently graft subsidence has also been noted with anterior cervical plate fusion surgery [2]. As the graft subsides, a gap can occur at the interface between the graft and vertebral end plates which can lead to pseudoarthrosis.
Preliminary Studies on the Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Indigenously developed Shape Memory Alloy wires (2004)

Smart materials have received increasing attention in recent years for their great potential to revolutionize engineering applications and design. The technological advantages of using smart materials over traditional materials arise from special capabilities due to unique micro structure or molecular properties. Among different smart materials like piezoelectric, electro-strictive, Magneto-strictive, magneto-rheological and electro-rheological, shape memory alloy seems to be probable candidate for semi-active control of different structural members in view of the fact that it generates a relatively large deformation and then recover upon heating.
The transcriptional response of human macrophages to murabutide reflects a spectrum of biological effects for the synthetic immunomodulator (2002)

The synthetic immunomodulator murabutide (MB) presents multiple biological activities with minimal toxicity in animals and in man. Although MB is known to target cells of the reticuloendothelial system and to regulate cytokine synthesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying several of its biological effects are still largely unknown. In an effort to define cellular factors implicated in the immunomodulatory and HIV-suppressive activities of MB, we have undertaken profiling the regulated expression of genes in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) following a 6-h stimulation with this synthetic glycopeptide. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed on RNA samples of differentiated MDM from four separate donors, using probe sets corresponding to 1081 genes. We have identified, in a reproducible fashion, the enhanced expression of 40 genes and the inhibition of 16 others in MB-treated MDM. These regulated genes belonged to different families of immune mediators or their receptors, transcription factors and kinases, matrix proteins and their inhibitors, ion channels and transporters, and proteins involved in cell metabolic pathways. Additional verification of the regulated expression of selected genes was carried out using Northern blots or the quantification of released proteins in MDM cultures. The profile of MB-regulated genes in MDM provides a molecular basis for some of its previously reported biological activities, and reveals new set of genes targeted by the immunomodulator suggesting potential application in novel therapeutic indications.
Orthogonalized coupled learning and application for face hallucination (2016)

We propose a new coupled learning method with high accuracy and high-speed, and apply to face hallucination and inspect its validity.
Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> Schottky barrier diodes with n<sup>&#x2212;</sup>-Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> drift layers grown by HVPE (2015)

The new wide-bandgap oxide semiconductor, gallium oxide (Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ), has gained attraction as a promising candidate for power device applications because of its excellent material properties and suitability for mass production. The Baliga's figure of merit of Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is expected to be much larger than those of SiC and GaN due primarily to Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> 's extremely large bandgap of 4.5~4.9 eV, which will enable Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> power devices with higher breakdown voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> ) and efficiency than SiC and GaN devices [1]. The other important advantage of Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is that large, high-quality bulk single crystals can be grown by using melt growth methods. Recently, we developed a homoepitaxial growth technique for high-purity Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin films on single-crystal Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrates by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) [2, 3]. This is the first report on Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with epitaxial Si-doped n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> drift layers grown by HVPE.
Pathway Analysis of Protein Electron-Transfer Reactions (1992)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Diastereotopic selectivity at prochiral carbon centers: functionalization of differentiated hydroxymethyl groups provides access to either stereoisomeric configuration (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereotopic selectivity at prochiral carbon centers: functionalization of differentiated hydroxymethyl groups provides access to either stereoisomeric configurationStuart L. Schreiber and Zhaoyin WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 18, 5303–5305Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00304a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00304a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IUPAC in the (real) clouds (2018)

Abstract As we approach the end of the second decade of the 21 st century, changes in atmospheric chemical composition due to anthropogenic pollution continue to challenge the well-being of society. The IUPAC effort in atmospheric chemistry data evaluation can be traced back over 40 years. Global concerns over potentially catastrophic stratospheric ozone depletion resulting from emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) led to the creation of the CODATA Task Group on Chemical Kinetics in 1977. The task of the CODATA group was to provide the evaluated kinetic data for atmospheric reactions needed to assess the threat to stratospheric ozone. In 1989, sponsorship of the data evaluation effort was transferred to IUPAC, leading to the formation of the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation.
Non-isothermal aging of a high-Zn-containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties (2017)

The non-isothermal aging behaviour of a newly developed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy containing 17 wt-% Zn was investigated. Hardness and shear punch tests demonstrated that during non-isothermal aging, the mechanical properties of the alloy first increased and then decreased. The best properties were obtained in a sample which was non-isothermally aged upto 250°C with heating rate of 20°C min −1 , due to the presence of η′/η (MgZn 2 ) phases. This was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetery. After homogenisation, residual eutectic phases remained at triple junctions or in a spherical form. During aging, these phases transformed into rodlike S (Al 2 CuMg)-phase at 400°C, with sizes ranging from 50 to 250 nm. The precipitation sequence in this high-Zn alloy was similar to that for conventional Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.
A system for in-space assembly (2005)

This paper presents an experimental system for assembly in space. A weightless and frictionless environment is approximated using an air-hockey table where robots and structural components can float on the surface. The robots use fan propulsion to dock with components and assemble them together to make 2D structures. This system is designed to implement three key technologies for space self-assembly: 1) intelligent components with universal connectors, 2) a set of self-reconfigurable robots that fetch and assemble components, and 3) a distributed method for controlling the robotic-assembly process. An overview of the system's design and experimental results is presented.
Kisspeptin deficiency leads to abnormal adrenal glands and excess steroid hormone secretion (2020)

Knockout mice for the kisspeptin receptor, Kiss1r (Kiss1r-/-) and its ligand kisspeptin, Kiss1 (Kiss1-/-) replicate the phenotype of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) associated with variants of these genes in humans. A recent report suggests that kisspeptin may be involved in human fetal adrenocortical development and function. Herein, we characterized the adrenal function and morphology in Kiss1-/- mice that do not go through normal puberty. Two fetal markers were expressed in eosinophilic cells potentially derived from the X-zone that should disappear at puberty in male mice and during the first pregnancy in female animals. Although the hypercorticosteronism observed in Kiss1-/- females corrected overtime, hyperaldosteronism persisted at 14 months and correlated with the overexpression of Star. To determine if KISS1 and KISS1R genes are involved in the development of primary aldosteronism (PA) and hypercortisolism [Cushing's syndrome (CS)] in humans, we sequenced these 2 genes in 65 patients with PA and/or CS. Interestingly, a patient with CS presented with a germline KISS1 variant (p.H90D, rs201073751). We also found three rare variants in the KISS1R gene in three patients with PA: p.C95W (rs141767649), p.A189T (rs73507527) and p.R229R (rs115335009). The two missense variants have been previously associated with IHH. Our findings suggest that KISS1 may play a role in adrenal function in mice and possibly adrenocortical steroid hormone secretion in humans, beyond its recently described role in human fetal adrenocortical development.
Femtosecond broadband Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (2008)

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a new time-resolved vibrational technique that enables the recording of high resolution (10-20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) vibrational spectra of dynamic and reactive chemical and biological systems with < 50 fs time resolution.
Simultaneous Source, Long-offset, Dual-azimuth Acquisition Offshore Gabon - A Change in Perspective (2017)

Summary It is well known that imaging of complex regions can be significantly improved with increased illumination in terms of offset and azimuth sampling. In this case study we illustrate how an existing large scale acquisition can be enriched by acquiring a second complementary survey in a targeted area. The second survey was acquired in a direction perpendicular to the first with additional offsets for maximum impact. The long offsets were obtained during a single acquisition pass by utilising a source only vessel positioned ahead of the main source and receiver vessel using simultaneous shooting. The blended data was separated using an annihilation filter approach. In this paper we illustrate the advantages this second survey has brought to the area through improvements in the full waveform inversion velocity model and enhanced illumination for imaging the deep structures.
Knee Joint: Comprehensive Assessment with 3D Isotropic Resolution Fast Spin-Echo MR Imaging—Diagnostic Performance Compared with That of Conventional MR Imaging at 3.0 T (2009)

FSE-Cube has similar diagnostic performance as a routine MR imaging protocol for detecting cartilage lesions, cruciate ligament tears, collateral ligament tears, meniscal tears, and bone marrow edema lesions within the knee joint at 3.0 T.
10-Packet-Depth, 40 Gb/s Optical Buffer with a <0.5 ns Reconfiguration Time using 116 ns, Continuously Tunable Conversion/Dispersion Delays (2009)

We demonstrate a 40 Gb/s optical buffer utilizing a 116 ns continuously tunable optical delay. 53 byte ATM packets are buffered up to a 10-packet-depth with a reconfiguration time of 25 ps (1 bit-slot). The buffer is capable of adjusting to varying packet sizes, data-rates, and modulation formats.