gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FEM deformation analysis of air-bridged lateral epitaxial grown GaN films A Ishibashi (2002)

The wing deformation resulting from the thermal stress distributions in the GaN film obtained by the air-bridged lateral epitaxial growth (ABLEG) on the sapphire substrates has been simulated by finite element method (FEM) based on the two-dimensional orthotropic linear elastic theory. The compressive stress exists in the GaN-seed layer due to large mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient (ocraN &lt;ocsapphire)· In the ABLEG-GaN, large compressive stress concentrates at the coalescence boundary region and the tensile stress exists at the back side of the wings. As a result, the wings bend and the coalescence boundary becomes higher than the seed region. The tilt angle of the ABLEG-GaN film, whose thickness is ~3pm, is about 0.2 degrees, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. 11. IntroductionGroup III nitrides are highly promising for applications in blue and ultraviolet optoelectronic devices, high-temperature, high-power transistors, because of the wide bandgap varying from 1.9eV for InN to 6.3eV for AIN. Recent studies on the various selective area growth (SAG) techniques, such as lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) or Pendeo-epitaxy of group III nitrides on sapphire and SiC substrates via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) have shown that they were extremely effective in reducing the threading dislocation density and drastically improved the performance of the devices, such as violet laser diodes[l-3]. However, there is a problem that the wing tilt (about 1 degree) exits. It is supposed that the wing tilt originates from the stress at the interface between the wing and the mask, and the thermal stress due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between GaN-layer and a substrate. The wing tilt induces the dislocations near the coalescence region of the wings [4]. We have developed a new LEO structure, namely“Air-Bridged Lateral Epitaxial Grown (ABLEG)”-GaN [5-6], which has no contact between the wing and the mask, as shown in Fig.l. Since the wings in the ABLEG-GaN have no contact with the masks, there is no stress in the interface between them. Therefore, the wing tilt drastically decreased in the ABLEG-GaN. However, there is a little tilt of the wings in the ABLEG-GaN. It is supposed that the wing tilt is due to the thermal stress generated between the GaN-seed layer and the sapphire substrate, not the stress in the interface between wings and masks. The local stress analysis of the epitaxially laterally-overgrown GaN deposited on S1O2 masks was reported [7]. However, there are few reports on the quantitative analysis of the deformation induced from only the thermal stress in the SAG.
Implementation of Viterbi Decoder on Massively Parallel GPU for DVB-T Receiver (2013)

무선 센서 네트워크(WSN: Wireless Sensor Network)는 철도분야에서 효율적인 관리와 유지보수라는 측면에서 적용되어 사용되고 있다. 하지만 저속 철도 환경에서 사용되고 있는 현재의 IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee 기반 센서 통신 기술을 차세대 고속철도에서 적용하기에는 열악한 무선 채널 환경에 노출되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 고속 철도 환경에 적합한 센서 통신 알고리즘을 제안한다. 에러율 및 전송률 향상을 위해 IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee 기반 개선 알고리즘인 Equalizer, MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output), Flexible SF(Spreading Factor) 및 Modulation을 사용한다. 또한 IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee 표준의 2.4GHz 대역 물리계층에서 각 알고리즘에 대한 성능을 비교 분석한다. 모의실험 결과, 제안한 알고리즘을 통해 기존 시스템보다 에러율 및 전송률이 향상 된 것을 볼 수 있다.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanoids and Actinoids Annual Survey Covering the Year 1990 (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photochemical Image Formation Process for High Density PrintedCircuit Patterns (1981)

A new method for fabricating high density printed circuit boards has been investigated. The procedure used for photoselective metal deposition on the substrate consists of five steps: adhesion treatment, sensitization, nucleation, fog inhibition and electroless metal deposition. An adhesive coated substrate was sensitized by introducing an aqueous solution containig anthraquinone sulfonic acid sodium salts, reducible noble metal salts and alcohol. The sensitized substrate was then exposed through a mask to a u.v. light. The noble metal nuclei produced by exposure were developed by electroless copper deposition after rinsing with aqueous solutions containing complex agents. Electrically‐conductive patterns thus obtained can be further intensified by second electroless plate making.
Acquiring and Using Limited User Models in NLG (2003)

It is a truism of NLG that good knowledge of the reader can improve the quality of generated texts, and many NLG systems have been developed that exploit detailed user models when generating texts. Unfortunately, it is very difficult in practice to obtain detailed information about users. In this paper we describe our experiences in acquiring and using limited user models for NLG in four different systems, each of which took a different approach to this issue. One general conclusion is that it is useful if imperfect user models are understandable to users or domain experts, and indeed perhaps can be directly edited by them; this agrees with recent thinking about user models in other applications such as intelligent tutoring systems (Kay, 2001).
Evaluation of Intravenously Delivered Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Elbow Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Pilot Study (2019)

For dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis, intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells was clinically well tolerated. While some subjective outcome measures showed significant improvements, objective outcome measures did not confirm similar changes. Further research is needed before intravenous mesenchymal stem cells can be recommended as a treatment for elbow osteoarthritis in dogs.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Predictive Biomarkers for Adjuvant Capecitabine Benefit in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in the FinXX Clinical Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2 depicts a representative gene expression plot&lt;/p&gt;
New, Self‐expanding, Self‐retaining Temporary Coil Stent for Recurrent Urethral Strictures near the External Sphincter (1993)

Strictures near the external sphincter are a cause for concern. They can be managed by manipulation (e.g. urethral dilatation) or by anastomotic urethroplasty. Permanently implanted metallic stents have recently been used to treat recurrent urethral strictures. This report presents the results of using a temporary metallic coil stent (UROCOIL-S) in 20 patients with recurrent bulbomembranous strictures. In 13 patients the stent was left in place for 10 months and was then removed by a simple manipulation. After a mean follow-up of 10 months (range 3-14), the stricture recurred in only 1 patient. The use of a temporary (but long-term) stent for the treatment of urethral stricture is a new approach and the results are encouraging.
Compact Modeling of Injection Enhanced Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Valid for Optimization of Switching Frequency (2014)

We have improved a compact model for the injection-enhancedinsulated-gate bipolar transistor for inverter circuit simulation. The holeaccumulation of floating-base region and potential change are modeled. It turned out that negative capacitance which occurs by floating-base region has the dependence of frequency. It is necessary to consider the frequency dependence of the total gate capacitance for transient simulation. We analyzed the relationship between negative gate capacitance and current rise rate at the switch turn-on timing and device structure. The development model simulation result is well reproduced Ic and Vce of measurement data, and the switching loss calculation accuracy is improved.
Infection par le virus de l'hépatite C et réponse immunitaire : application au diagnostic et à la vaccination (1997)

Les infections par le virus de l'hepatite C (VHC) constituent un probleme mondial de sante publique en raison d'une prevalence elevee et d'une evolution frequente vers la chronicite pouvant deboucher sur une cirrhose et un carcinome hepatocellulaire. Le developpement de trois generations de tests de depistage du VHC, bases sur la detection des anticorps specifiques des proteines virales, a permis de reduire considerablement les risques de transmission post-transfusionnelle du VHC. Cependant, le serodiagnostic precoce des hepatites C reste difficile, et certains patients presentent encore des profils dits « indetermines » qui correspondent a une reactivite isolee vis-a-vis d'un seul antigene. De nouveaux marqueurs sont a l'etude dans le but de resoudre ces problemes. Ainsi la recherche d'anticorps de type IgM diriges contre la capside et les proteines NS3 et NS4 permettrait de depister une hepatite C a un stade precoce, et la distinction entre les stades aigu et chronique pourrait etre realisee par le depistage quantitatif simultane des IgM et des IgG. La detection des anticorps diriges contre les proteines d'enveloppe du VHC, qui n'ont pas ete incluses dans les tests de diagnostic courants, pourrait s'averer interessante pour resoudre le probleme des profils « indetermines ». La mise au point d'un vaccin anti-VHC est une priorite, mais elle se heurte essentiellement a la grande variabilite du virus. En l'absence d'un systeme in vitro permettant des etudes de seroneutralisation, on ne peut evaluer actuellement le nombre de serotypes viraux et la possibilite de neutralisation croisee. De plus, et bien que des premiers essais de vaccination realises a l'aide des proteines d'enveloppe du virus aient donne des resultats encourageants, on ignore actuellement quels antigenes ou determinants viraux sont responsables de reponses immunes protectrices chez l'hote. Enfin, le seul modele animal, le chimpanze, ne semble pas tres adequat pour tester des « candidats vaccins » car il presente une hepatite assez differente de celle de l'homme. La perspective d'une vaccination demeure encore lointaine et il est fondamental aujourd'hui de definir quels antigenes, codes par des regions du genome peu variables, pourraient participer a l'induction d'une reponse humorale neutralisante et/ou au developpement d'une reponse de type cellulaire protectrice.
Crystal Structure of a Synthetic Cyclodecapeptide for Template-Assembled Synthetic Protein Design (2001)

The structural prototype of a new generation of regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFTs) for use in protein de novo design has been synthesized and crystallized. The structure of the aromatically substituted cyclodecapeptide was determined by X-ray diffraction; it consists of an antiparallel beta sheet spanned by heterochirally induced type IIprime prime or minute beta turns, similar to that observed in gramicidin S. The three-dimensional structure of the artificial template was also examined by an NMR spectroscopic analysis in solution and shown to be compatible with a beta-sheet plane suitable for accommodating secondary functional peptide fragments for the synthesis of template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs).
Estimates of Biogenic Methane Production Rates in Deep Marine Sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin (2008)

Methane hydrate found in marine sediments is thought to contain gigaton quantities of methane and is considered an important potential fuel source and climate-forcing agent. Much of the methane in hydrates is biogenic, so models that predict the presence and distribution of hydrates require accurate rates of in situ methanogenesis. We estimated the in situ methanogenesis rates in Hydrate Ridge (HR) sediments by coupling experimentally derived minimal rates of methanogenesis to methanogen biomass determinations for discrete locations in the sediment column. When starved in a biomass recycle reactor, Methanoculleus submarinus produced ca. 0.017 fmol methane/cell/day. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) directed at the methyl coenzyme M reductase subunit A gene (mcrA) indicated that 75% of the HR sediments analyzed contained <1,000 methanogens/g. The highest numbers of methanogens were found mostly from sediments <10 m below seafloor. By considering methanogenesis rates for starved methanogens (adjusted to account for in situ temperatures) and the numbers of methanogens at selected depths, we derived an upper estimate of <4.25 fmol methane produced/g sediment/day for the samples with fewer methanogens than the QPCR method could detect. The actual rates could vary depending on the real number of methanogens and various seafloor parameters that influence microbial activity. However, our calculated rate is lower than rates previously reported for such sediments and close to the rate derived using geochemical modeling of the sediments. These data will help to improve models that predict microbial gas generation in marine sediments and determine the potential influence of this source of methane on the global carbon cycle.
Increasing Accuracy in Image-Guided Robotic Surgery Through Tip Tracking and Model-Based Flexion Correction (2009)

Robot assistance can enhance minimally invasive image-guided surgery, but flexion of the thin surgical instrument shaft impairs accurate control by creating errors in the kinematic model. Two controller enhancements that can mitigate these errors are improved kinematic models that account for flexing and direct measurement of the instrument tip's position. This paper presents an experiment quantifying the benefits of these enhancements in an effort to inform development of an image-guided robot control system accurate in the presence of quasi-static instrument flexion. The study measured a controller's ability to guide a flexing instrument along user-commanded motions while preventing incursions into a forbidden region virtual fixture. Compared with the controller using neither enhancement, improved kinematics and reduced maximum incursion depth into the forbidden region by 28%, tip tracking by 67%, and both enhancements together by 83%.
SLAPbook (2009)

We present SLAPbook, an application using SLAP, translucent and tangible widgets for use on vision-based multi-touch tabletops in Single Display Groupware (SDG) environments. SLAP stands for Silicone ILluminated Active Peripherals and includes widgets such as sliders, knobs, keyboards, and buttons. The widgets and tactile feedback to multi-touch tables while simultaneously providing dynamic relabeling to tangible objects using the table's rear projection. SLAPbook provides multiple users the ability to add and edit content to a guestbook, browse other peoples' entries, and access personal data using a token-based personalization system. Interaction with the table takes place in the personal and public space so that users can make use of personal and shared controls to perform separate and coordinative actions.
Pharmacological Mechanism of the Non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A Agonist Ariadne and Analogs (2022)

Ariadne is a non-hallucinogenic analog in the phenylalkylamine chemical class of psychedelics that is closely related to an established synthetic hallucinogen, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (DOM), differing only by one methylene group in the α-position to the amine. Ariadne has been tested in humans including clinical trials at Bristol-Myers Company that indicate a lack of hallucinogenic effects and remarkable therapeutic effects, such as rapid remission of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics, relaxation in catatonics, complete remission of symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), and improved cognition in geriatric subjects. Despite these provocative clinical results, the compound has been abandoned as a drug candidate and its molecular pharmacology remained unknown. Here, we report a detailed examination of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of Ariadne and its analogs, and propose a molecular hypothesis for the lack of hallucinogenic effects and the therapeutic potential of this compound class. We also provide a summary of previous clinical and preclinical results to contextualize the molecular signaling data. Our results show that Ariadne is a serotonin 5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptor agonist, exhibits modest selectivity over 5-HT<sub>1</sub> receptors, has no relevant activity at 5-HT<sub>4,5,7</sub> and other aminergic receptors, and no substantial affinity at plasma membrane monoamine transporters. Compared to DOM, Ariadne shows lower signaling potency and efficacy in multiple signaling pathways examined (G<sub>q</sub>, G<sub>11</sub>, and β-arrestin2) coupled to 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. We confirmed the shift in signaling for an α-propyl analog and provide a molecular docking rationale for the progressive decrease in signaling potency with the growing length of the α-substituent. Ariadne versus DOM exhibits no apparent change in the relative preference between G<sub>q/11</sub> activation and β-arrestin2 recruitment; instead, there is a small but consistent drop in efficacy in these signaling channels. Ariadne acts as a 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> agonist in vivo in mice and shows markedly attenuated head twitch response (HTR) in comparison to its hallucinogenic analogs, consistent with previous studies in rabbits, cats, and dogs. Hence, we propose the lower 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor signaling efficacy of this compound class as an explanatory model for the lack of hallucinogenic effects of Ariadne in humans and the dramatically attenuated hallucinosis-like effects in animals (5-HT<sub>2A</sub> signaling efficacy hypothesis). In terms of reverse translation of the noted clinical therapeutic effects, we used an auxilin knockout model of Parkinson's disease where Ariadne rescued severe motor deficits in this mouse line, on par with the effects of l-DOPA, a notable finding considering Ariadne's lack of activity at dopamine receptors and transporters. Ariadne emerges as a prototype of a new drug class, non-hallucinogenic 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> agonists, with considerable therapeutic potential across psychiatric and neurological indications.
636. Immunogenicity, Safety and Tolerability of a Booster Dose of Clostridium difficile Vaccine and 4 Year Antibody Persistence (2020)

Abstract Background Clostroidides difficile (C difficile) is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To date, there is no vaccine to prevent C. difficile infection (CDI). This extension of a phase 2 study explores the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a 4th dose, and antibody persistence of a three-dose regimen of a toxoid-based C difficile vaccine in 300 healthy adults 65 to 85 years of age in the United States. Methods The first stage of this study was conducted from 16 July 2015 to 7 March 2017, in which subjects were enrolled and randomized to receive one of two antigen dose levels (100µg or 200µg total toxoid A and B) or placebo, administered in one of two three-dose regimens: Days 1, 8 &amp; 30 or Months 0, 1 &amp; 6. Immunogenicity testing was conducted on samples obtained at each of nine study visits through 12 months post dose 3. In this extension stage, subjects who had received vaccine in the first stage were re-randomized at 12 months post dose 3 to receive either a booster dose or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Subjects were followed for immunogenicity three (3) years post booster (four years post dose #3) Results Peak antibody response to vaccination was observed between day 8 and 30 following booster administration. Both regimens demonstrated robust anamnestic responses with peak levels above the three-dose peak (stage 1). Toxin A geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) remained above pre-booster GMCs, 3 years post booster for both dose levels and regimens. Antibody persistence for both groups demonstrated stable antibody levels four years after the primary vaccination series among subjects who did not receive a booster dose. No Grade 4 reactogenicity was reported during the study. Pain was the most common local reaction. Adverse event rates per subject were similar between both regimens and placebo. There were no Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) considered related to the investigational product at any dose or regimen. The safety profile was consistent with what was seen in the first stage of the study. Conclusion A booster dose of Clostroidides difficile vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic, well tolerated and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile in both dose groups for the Day and the Month regimens. Antibody persistence remains stable from 12 months to 4-year post dose 3. Disclosures Nicholas Kitchin, MD, Pfizer, Inc (Employee) Michael W. Pride, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Chris Webber, MD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder)
Survey of Residency Training in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery (2006)

A large number of laparoscopic urological procedures are being performed at training institutions with robotic procedures being performed at 54% of respondent facilities. Residents are participating in most cases but only 38% consider their laparoscopic experience to be satisfactory. A need still exists for increased laparoscopic training for residents, which can be accomplished by expanding training facilities and increasing the number of faculty members performing laparoscopic procedures.
Targeting Cytokine Signaling and Lymphocyte Traffic via Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: JAK Inhibitors and S1PR Agonists (2019)

The inflammatory Bowel diseases (IBDs) are a chronic, relapsing inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with heterogeneous behavior and prognosis. The introduction of biological therapies including anti-TNF, anti-IL-12/23, and anti-integrins, has revolutionized the treatment of IBD, but these drugs are not universally effective. Due to the complex molecular structures of biologics, they are uniformly immunogenic. New discoveries concerning the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD have allowed for progress in the development of new treatment options. The advantage of small molecules (SMs) over biological therapies includes their lack of immunogenicity, short half-life, oral administration, and low manufacturing cost. Among these, the Janus Kinases (JAKs) inhibition has emerged as a novel strategy to modulate downstream cytokine signaling during immune-mediated diseases. These drugs target various cytokine signaling pathways that participate in the pathogenesis of IBD. Tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor targeting predominantly JAK1 and JAK3, has been approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), and there are other specific JAK inhibitors under development that may be effective in Crohn's. Similarly, the traffic of lymphocytes can now be targeted by another SM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonism is a novel strategy that acts, in part, by interfering with lymphocyte recirculation, through blockade of lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes. S1PR agonists are being studied in IBD and other immune-mediated disorders. This review will focus on SM drugs approved and under development, including JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, filgotinib, upadacitinib, peficitinib) and S1PR agonists (KRP-203, fingolimod, ozanimod, etrasimod, amiselimod), and their mechanism of action.