gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of a peritoneal dialysis kinetic modeling set. (1996)

A closed system kinetic modeling set (KMS) has been fabricated which permits collection of a small 100-mL aliquot from each exchange. The KMS was used to collect aliquots from 65 exchanges in 13 patients. The concentrations of urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), glucose (G), and total protein (TP) were measured in each individual aliquot (Cka) and drain bag (Cba), and all aliquots for each dialysis treatment were used to calculate the concentrations expected in total batched dialysate (BaC) for the treatment and were compared to the measured concentrations (BaM) in mixed total dialysate. The ratios Cka/Cba [mean+/- two times coefficient of variation (mean +/- 2CV)] were 1.00 +/- 5%, 1.00 +/- 5%, 1.01 +/- 10%, and 1.00 +/- 6%, respectively, for UN, Cr, G, and TP (each, n = 61). The ratios BaC/BaM (mean +/- 2CV) were 1.00 +/- 2%, 1.00 +/- 5%, 1.01 +/- 3%, and 0.99 +/- 5%, respectively, for UN, Cr, G, and TP (each, n = 15). We concluded that the KMS aliquots can be reliably used for kinetic and total clearance calculations without mixing and transporting large volumes of dialysate.
Towards automatic network fault localization in real time using probabilistic inference (2013)

This paper describes the foundation of a novel network fault localization algorithm based on active network measurements and probabilistic inference. A fault condition could be an unacceptable large delay or packet loss rate. The solution is computationally efficient, autonomic in nature and provides the operator with a probability mass distribution that indicates the fault location. The probabilistic inference is based on a discrete state-space particle filter. We present results from a first feasibility study performed in a simulated environment. The precise location of single faults is determined rapidly when measurement paths are partly overlapping.
An experimental low-loss single-wavelength bidirectional lightwave link (1984)

We describe the perofrmance of a low-loss couplerless bi-directional transmission experiment which operates at a single wavelength. The system is unique in that it employs an annular In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As/InP photodetector and has potential for use for both long-wavelength ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda &lt; 1.7 \mu</tex> m) and short-wavelength ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda \geq 0.82\mu</tex> m) transmission. We find that the optical crosstalk between the near-end transmitter and receiver is as low as -16.6 dB (-33.2 dB electrical) for a 200-m link: a value acceptable for use in many short haul system applications.
Performance evaluation of Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM) combined with Time Frequency Slicing (TFS) (2015)

The Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) is currently developing the next-generation U.S. Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) standard, known as ATSC 3.0. Two disruptive technologies for the physical layer are being evaluated, Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM) and Time Frequency Slicing (TFS). LDM consist in the transmission of a signal composed of two independent signals (layers) which are superimposed together at different power levels. These two layer can be configured with the desired robustness and capacity. LDM enables the efficient provision of services addressed to mobile and fixed reception in a more efficient way than the classical Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) since full bandwidth and transmission time are used in both layers. However, practical operation is restricted due to several implementation constraints such as the use of common parameters and transmitter blocks for both layers (e.g. a common time interleaver). The use of TFS allows for an improved frequency diversity by the distribution of the service data across multiple Radio Frequency (RF) channels instead of using a single RF channel. The paper investigates the potential gains provided by the increased frequency diversity with TFS in conjunction with LDM.
Optimization of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope design (2013)

Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) enables high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of the retina by employing spatial filtering for scattered light rejection. However, to obtain optimized image quality, one must design the cSLO around scanner technology limitations and minimize the effects of ocular aberrations and imaging artifacts. We describe a cSLO design methodology resulting in a simple, relatively inexpensive, and compact lens-based cSLO design optimized to balance resolution and throughput for a 20-deg field of view (FOV) with minimal imaging artifacts. We tested the imaging capabilities of our cSLO design with an experimental setup from which we obtained fast and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) retinal images. At lower FOVs, we were able to visualize parafoveal cone photoreceptors and nerve fiber bundles even without the use of adaptive optics. Through an experiment comparing our optimized cSLO design to a commercial cSLO system, we show that our design demonstrates a significant improvement in both image quality and resolution.
Coordinated Folding and Association of the LIN-2, -7 (L27) Domain (2002)

LIN-2, -7 (L27) homology domains are putative protein-protein interaction modules found in several scaffold proteins involved in the assembly of polarized cell-signaling structures. These specific interaction pairs are well conserved across metazoan species, from worms to man. We have expressed and purified L27 domains from multiple species and find that certain domains from proteins such as Caenorhabditis elegans LIN-2 and LIN-7 can specifically heterodimerize. Biophysical analysis of interacting L27 domains demonstrates that the domains interact with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Circular dichroism studies reveal that the domains appear to function as an obligate heterodimer; individually the domains are largely unfolded, but when associated they show a significant increase in helicity, as well as a cooperative unfolding transition. These novel obligate interacting pairs are likely to play a key role in regulating the organization of signaling proteins at polarized cell structures.
Molecular Network Reinforcement of Sol–Gel Glasses (2007)

Mechanical properties of organic/ inorganic thin-films prepared from bridged silicon precursors have been investigated. The Young's modulus follows a linear decay when porosity is introduced, a unique observation as compared to traditional organosilicates. Remarkably, in the dense state, fracture energies of 15–17 J.m–2 were measured, values that are larger than those for dense SiO2 (10 J.m–2), dispelling the common belief that all organosilicates are fragile and prone to fracture.
Molecular Weight Effects in the Hydrogenation of Model Polystyrenes Using Platinum Supported on Wide-Pore Silica (2001)

A kinetic study of the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of model polystyrenes (PS) using a catalyst comprised of Pt on a wide-pore silica support was performed. The effect of molecular weight on the initial rate of hydrogenation, r0, was investigated under conditions where mass transfer limitations were minimized. The r0 values for a series of model polystyrenes ranging in molecular weight from 1.5 to 276 kg/mol were measured by monitoring hydrogen uptake with a digital mass flow controller. The initial rate of hydrogenation was found to be inversely proportional to PS molecular weight. For molecular weights up to 102 kg/mol, r0 scaled with the number-average degree of polymerization, X̄n, to the −0.15 power. The two highest molecular weight samples, 190 and 276 kg/mol, exhibited significantly slower initial rates of hydrogenation and did not follow this trend. These results are explained in terms of equilibrium structure and conformational dynamics of a polymer on a metal surface and the relative dimensions of the polymer coils and Pt crystallites.
Comparison of sequential and interlaced scan for HDTV with regard to spatial and temporal resolution (2003)

The advantages of sequential over interlaced scan for any type of digital processing are well known but its penalty is the doubled bandwidth. A sequential 4-channel camera, which avoids this penalty, is presented and the three camera types-interlaced, sequential, 4-channel-are compared with regard to temporal and spatial resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiorgan procurement increases systemic inflammation in brain dead donors (2013)

Organs available for solid organ transplantation are mainly procured from brain dead donors. The inflammation associated with brain death may reduce organ quality and increase organ immunogenicity, thus leading to inferior recipient outcome. We hypothesized that the extensive surgical procedure performed during multiorgan procurement enhances the levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers. We measured the levels of 27 cytokines and the terminal complement complex (TCC) in plasma samples from brain dead organ donors (n = 34) drawn before and at three specific time points during procurement surgery. Baseline levels of G-CSF, interferon-γ, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), regulated upon activation T cell expressed and secreted, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly elevated in brain dead donors compared with normal individuals (n = 14), but they were not associated with time on ventilator or any other registered clinical variable. Notably, the secretion of G-CSF, IL1-ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, PDGF, and TCC, the latter reflecting ongoing complement activation, increased significantly during surgery. None of the biomarker increases were correlated with operation duration. Multiorgan procurement surgery significantly adds to the inflammatory response revealed by both pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers associated with brain death. Future studies should determine whether this is associated with inferior recipient outcome.
Acetaldehyde Stimulates Collagen and Noncollagen Protein Production by Human Fibroblasts† (1984)

The mechanisms responsible for the increased hepatic collagen deposition in alcoholic cirrhosis remain unknown. The question of whether ethanol or acetaldehyde has a direct effect on collagen and noncollagen protein production was investigated in human fibroblasts with no detectable activity of alcohol dehydrogenase to distinguish the effects of these metabolites. To eliminate environmental factors, protein production by confluent human skin, fetal and hepatic fibroblasts was studied after three passages. Cells were labeled with [5-3H]proline for 4 hr in the presence of 0.2 mM ascorbate alone or with addition of either ethanol (50 mM) or acetaldehyde (0 to 300 microM). Rates of protein production were calculated from the radioactivities of collagenase-sensitive and collagenase-resistant proteins. Skin fibroblasts from alcoholic individual either with cirrhosis or without liver disease have comparable rates of collagen and noncollagen protein production. Acetaldehyde, in a concentration found in the liver during ethanol abuse, significantly increased collagen production by human skin fibroblasts (up to 140%), fetal fibroblasts (up to 240%) and hepatic fibroblasts (up to 70%) but the addition of ethanol had no significant effect on basal collagen production. The effect of acetaldehyde was dose-related and affected noncollagen protein production in a similar manner. Acetaldehyde did not cause changes in either proline transport or the specific activity of the proline precursor pool. This newly recognized stimulation of collagen production by acetaldehyde may be a possible mechanism of fibrogenesis in alcoholic individuals.
Identification of a novel E‐box binding pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide inhibiting MYC‐driven cell proliferation (2015)

The MYC transcription factor plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cellular transformation. Due to its oncogenic activities and overexpression in a majority of human cancers, it is an interesting target for novel drug therapies. MYC binding to the E-box (5'-CACGTGT-3') sequence at gene promoters contributes to more than 4000 MYC-dependent transcripts. Owing to its importance in MYC regulation, we designed a novel sequence-specific DNA-binding pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide, Myc-5, that recognizes the E-box consensus sequence. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Myc-5 binding sequence appeared in 5'- MYC binding E-box sequences at the eIF4G1, CCND1, and CDK4 gene promoters. Furthermore, ChIP coupled with detection by quantitative PCR indicated that Myc-5 has the ability to inhibit MYC binding at the target gene promoters and thus cause downregulation at the mRNA level and protein expression of its target genes in human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line, P493.6, carrying an inducible MYC repression system and the K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) cell line. Single i.v. injection of Myc-5 at 7.5 mg/kg dose caused significant tumor growth inhibition in a MYC-dependent tumor xenograft model without evidence of toxicity. We report here a compelling rationale for the identification of a PI polyamide that inhibits a part of E-box-mediated MYC downstream gene expression and is a model for showing that phenotype-associated MYC downstream gene targets consequently inhibit MYC-dependent tumor growth.
Tunneling field effect transistors: Device and circuit considerations for energy efficient logic opportunities (2015)

Any significant improvement in the energy efficiency of logic will require significantly lower supply voltages (VDD) while keeping leakage current low. The Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor (TFET) is a leading future transistor option because its potential for steep subthreshold swing (SS) enables more efficient low VDD operation. In contrast to the MOSFET, the TFET is not fundamentally limited to 60 mV/dec SS, so for a range of operating voltages TFET circuits can have lower leakage or higher performance [1]. The physics of TFET operation is different than the MOSFET (Fig. 1a) because it uses electric field control of the quantum tunneling effect through a barrier [2] for the transport. Steep SS is possible by filtering of high-energy carriers in the Fermi-tail of the conduction (or valence) band of the N-TFET (or P-TFET) [3]. The TFET physical structure can be like the MOSFET (e.g. planar, fin, nanowire), but requires opposite type doping in source and drain (Fig. 1a). With this structure, an asymmetric ID-VDS exists with low conduction at negative V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> (or V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SD</sub> ) for an N-TFET (or P-TFET) (Fig. 2) [4].
Sports and Orthopaedic Imaging (2006)

This edition of Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging contains 4 articles on sports and orthopaedic imaging. In part, the contributions were chosen to serve as a review of a subset of musculoskeletal disorders commonly encountered in radiology practice. We sought to include "hot topics" such as femoroacetabular impingement and injuries of elbow ligaments. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, each of the chapters incorporates substantial contributions from nonradiologist physicians, themselves and their patients the main consumers of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For example, the chapter on osseous stress injuries was primarily written by 2 highly experienced sports medicine physicians and is complemented by imaging illustrations. The chapter on elbow ligament injuries is primarily from the viewpoint of elbow surgeons and supplemented by MRI examples. The chapter by Kassarjian and colleagues reviews the current state-of-the-art imaging of femoroacetabular impingement, with input from practicing hip surgeons; and the chapter by Stevens and Dragoo contains not only imaging but also useful clinical information on evaluation and treatment of knee ligament injuries. In short, each of the chapters contains perspectives not often found in purely radiological publications-information along the lines of "what the clinician or surgeon wants to know." One other thread that runs through this edition is the concept of an iterative feedback loop that exists between diagnostic imaging and clinical practice. On one hand, MRI now permits excellent depiction of bone and joint disorders, giving clinicians much more detailed diagnoses than in the past. These details have helped refine practical anatomical and clinical knowledge of many of the disorders. Increased clinical expectations then feed back to diagnostic imaging, stimulating an appetite for more detail, more biomechanical insight, and higher expectations on the interpreting radiologist. Such is the way it should be, providing for a rapidly evolving, exciting, and sustainable field integrating imaging with clinical and surgical aspects of musculoskeletal disorders.
Process tolerant design of baw resonators via hole engineering (2013)

This paper presents a design approach for a process tolerant design of BAW resonators. Process variations, e.g., etch non-uniformities, affect the edge definition and the exact dimensions of the resonator, and thus impact on the resonance frequency. Through simulation it is demonstrated that a properly designed periodic hole distribution in the bulk of the device can compensate such frequency variations. The perforated resonator is modeled by using effective material properties to make an abstraction of the holes in the resonator. This effective medium model is extended to include the electrostatic spring softening, for which an effective Young's modulus depending on the applied DC-bias is derived. Finally, results are presented for square lattices of circular and rectangular hole shapes.
Spatial intensity correlation and aperture averaging measurements in a 20 mile retroreflected lasercom link (2004)

The Naval Research Laboratory has established a lasercom test bed across the Chesapeake Bay. The test bed uses a bi-static transmitter/receiver arrangement on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay and various configurations of 5 cm retro-reflectors on the eastern shore to produce a 32 km retro-reflected lasercom test range. Experiments measuring the laser’s transverse spatial profile after propagation over the test range have been performed. These experiments use an InGaAs CCD to image the pupil plane of the 40 cm receiver telescope and a frame grabber to store contiguous images for analysis. Analysis of these image sequences allows measurement of transverse spatial correlations across the received beam after 32 km retro-reflected propagation of the beam. Various configurations and numbers of retro-reflectors were studied to investigate the impact of number and arrangement of retro-reflectors on the received beam’s spatial profile and spatial correlations. Additionally, since the CCD output is stored as a contiguous stream of images, analysis of these images’ intensity variance in time allows measurement of aperture averaging effects as a function of number of retro-reflectors and their geometry. Results from these experiments are presented.
Search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a bb¯ pair in pp collisions at s=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

Search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a b b pair in pp collisions at ffiffi s p = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector M. Aaboud et al.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Wearables, Implants, and Internet of Things (2015)

The papers in this special section explore wearable computers, biomedical implants, and the Internet of things. Specifically, examines recent progress in this challenging research area. Note that the area is vast, touching almost every subject in computing and electrical engineering with a large variety of tools, techniques, and applications. Covering the entire research spectrum is far beyond the scope of a single special issue. The goal here has been to try to provide a sampling of different topics in this exciting domain, highlight the diversity of research involved, and capture some emerging trends. With that goal in mind, this issue provides five representative articles covering a wide range of topics encompassing new applications, challenges and approaches towards designing IoT systems.
Comma: a commitment-based business modeling methodology and its empirical evaluation (2012)

We introduce Comma, a methodology for developing cross-organizational business models. Comma gives prime position to patterns of business relationships understood in terms of commitments. In this manner, it contrasts with traditional operational approaches such as RosettaNet that are commonly used in industry.We report the results of a developer study comparing Comma with a methodology recommended by the RosettaNet Consortium. Ours is one of the only evaluations of an agent-oriented methodology that (1) involves developers other than the proposing researchers and (2) compares against a traditional nonagent approach.We found that Comma yields improved model quality, a greater focus in relative effort on the more important aspects of modeling, and a general reduction in total time despite yielding more comprehensive models. Certain anomalies in effort expended point toward the need for improved tooling.
Lazy Transformation-Based Learning (1998)

We introduce a significant improvement for a relatively new machine learning method called Transformation-Based Learning. By applying a Monte Carlo strategy to randomly sample from the space of rules, rather than exhaustively analyzing all possible rules, we drastically reduce the memory and time costs of the algorithm, without compromising accuracy on unseen data. This enables Transformation- Based Learning to apply to a wider range of domains, as it can effectively consider a larger number of different features and feature interactions in the data. In addition, the Monte Carlo improvement decreases the labor demands on the human developer, who no longer needs to develop a minimal set of rule templates to maintain tractability.
Report from the society of urologic oncology: highlights from the fourth annual meeting of the society of urologic oncology, december 5-6, 2003, bethesda, MD. (2004)

The fourth annual meeting of the Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO) was held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, from December 5 to 6, 2003. The meeting drew over 100 participants to discuss the state of the art in urologic oncology. Nationally recognized leaders in the field from all over the country presented their insights during the conference. Several interesting presentations were made in both podium and poster formats.