gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional involvement of carbonic anhydrase in calcium transport of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (1978)

Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated in the chick-embryonic chorioallantoic membrane and was correlated with the Ca2+-transport activity of the membrane. It is inhibited by sulphonamides and is expressed in the chorioallantoic membrane in an age-dependent fashion during embryonic development. Ca2+ uptake by the chorioallantoic membrane in vivo also increases in a similar age-dependent manner. The temporal increase in these activities is coincident with calcium deposition in the embryonic skeleton. Incubation of the chorioallantoic membrane in ovo with sulphonamides specifically inhibits both the carbonic anhydrase and the Ca2+ uptake activities of the membrane in vivo. Enzyme histochemistry revealed the carbonic anhydrase activity is localized in the Ca2+-transporting ectodermal cells of the chorioallantoic membrane. These results, taken together, indicate that carbonic anhydrase may be functionally important in the Ca2+-transport activity of the chorioallantoic membrane.
Influenza Vaccination and Mortality: Differentiating Vaccine Effects From Bias (2009)

It is widely believed that influenza (flu) vaccination of the elderly reduces all-cause mortality, yet randomized trials for assessing vaccine effectiveness are not feasible and the observational research has been controversial. Efforts to differentiate vaccine effectiveness from selection bias have been problematic. The authors examined mortality before, during, and after 9 flu seasons in relation to time-varying vaccination status in an elderly California population in which 115,823 deaths occurred from 1996 to 2005, including 20,484 deaths during laboratory-defined flu seasons. Vaccine coverage averaged 63%; excess mortality when the flu virus was circulating averaged 7.8%. In analyses that omitted weeks when flu circulated, the odds ratio measuring the vaccination-mortality association increased monotonically from 0.34 early in November to 0.56 in January, 0.67 in April, and 0.76 in August. This reflects the trajectory of selection effects in the absence of flu. In analyses that included weeks with flu and adjustment for selection effects, flu season multiplied the odds ratio by 0.954. The corresponding vaccine effectiveness estimate was 4.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 8.3). To differentiate vaccine effects from selection bias, the authors used logistic regression with a novel case-centered specification that may be useful in other population-based studies when the exposure-outcome association varies markedly over time.
Magnetorheological damper temperature characteristics and control-oriented temperature-revised model (2021)

Abstract Accurate control of the magnetorheological damper (MRD) damping force and current is necessary to realize the effective semi-active suspension control. However, the temperature sensitivity of the magnetorheological fluid makes the MRD force strongly dependent on temperature changes, leading to the problem of the model mismatch and degradation of control effect. In this paper, the experimental study of MRD at different currents and velocities from −40 °C to 80 °C was implemented. It reveals the characteristic of MRD damping loss at low temperatures and viscous damping reduction at high temperatures. On this basis, a new parametrized hyperbolic hysteresis model with temperature as an independent variable is proposed, providing an accurate description of the viscosity, stiffness, and hysteresis characteristics of the MRD. A simplified temperature-revised inverse model is proposed to calculate the driving current with demanding force. It could improve the accuracy of driving current by 12.79% and demanding force by 18.67%. A process in the loop simulation is implemented to validate the inverse model with a modified non-chattering algorithm. Together with the inverse model, the proposed algorithm could realize continuous current change, reducing the RMS of acceleration by 14% on road of class B. Furthermore, the temperature compensation could improve the control effect by 19.78%.
Whole exome sequencing study identifies novel rare and common Alzheimer’s-Associated variants involved in immune response and transcriptional regulation (2018)

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
From cross-linked collagen molecules to arterial tissue: a nano-micro-macroscale elastic model (2010)

In this paper the influence of cross-links between collagen molecules on the elastic mechanical behaviour of biological collagen microstructures (namely fibrils and fibers) and soft tissues, such as arterial walls, is analyzed. A novel multiscale mechanical model is proposed, accounting for nanoscale mechanisms related to molecular and cross-link stretching, as well as for micro- and macroscale effects, by employing homogenization techniques. The model, based on few measurable histological parameters, is able to successfully reproduce well-established experimental evidences and atomistic modelling results, showing that stiffness of collagen fibrils is related to cross-link density and mechanical properties. In the case of aortic walls, dealt with multi-layered fiber-reinforced structures, the model allows to account for histological alterations occurring with age, fully reproducing available experimental results. Proposed evidences give also a clear&#13;\nmechanical interpretation of the influence of cross-link density and stiffness on&#13;\narterial tissue elastic modulus and arterial compliance.
Breast deformation modelling for image reconstruction in near infrared optical tomography (2004)

Near infrared tomography (NIR) is a novel imaging technique that can be used to reconstruct tissue optical properties from measurements of light propagation through tissue. More specifically NIR measurements over a range of wavelengths can be used to obtain internal images of physiologic parameters and these images can be used to detect and characterize breast tumour. To obtain good NIR measurements, it is essential to have good contact between the optical fibres and the breast which in-turn results in the deformation of the breast due to the soft plasticity of the tissue. In this work, a tissue deformation model of the female breast is presented that will account for the altered shape of the breast during clinical NIR measurements. Using a deformed model of a breast, simulated NIR data were generated and used to reconstruct images of tissue absorption and reduced scatter using several assumptions about the imaging domain. Using either a circular or irregular 2D geometry for image reconstruction produces good localization of the absorbing anomaly, but it leads to degradation of the image quality. By modifying the assumptions about the imaging domain to a 3D conical model, with the correct diameter at the plane of NIR measurement, significantly improves the quality of reconstructed images and helps reduce image artefacts. Finally, assuming a non-deformed breast shape for image reconstruction is shown to lead to poor quality images since the geometry of the breast is greatly altered, whereas using the correct deformed geometry produces the best images.
Astrocytic 4R tau expression drives astrocyte reactivity and dysfunction (2021)

The protein tau and its isoforms are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are characterized by greater deposition of the 4-repeat (4R) tau isoform; however, the role of 4R tau in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. We created antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that alter the ratio of 3R to 4R tau to investigate the role of specific tau isoforms in disease. Preferential expression of 4R tau in human tau-expressing (hTau-expressing) mice was previously shown to increase seizure severity and phosphorylated tau deposition without neuronal or synaptic loss. In this study, we observed strong colocalization of 4R tau within reactive astrocytes and increased expression of pan-reactive and neurotoxic genes following 3R to 4R tau splicing ASO treatment in hTau mice. Increasing 4R tau levels in primary astrocytes provoked a similar response, including a neurotoxic genetic profile and diminished homeostatic function, which was replicated in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) astrocytes harboring a mutation that exhibits greater 4R tau. Healthy neurons cultured with 4R tau-expressing human iPSC-derived astrocytes exhibited a higher firing frequency and hypersynchrony, which could be prevented by lowering tau expression. These findings support a potentially novel pathway by which astrocytic 4R tau mediates reactivity and dysfunction and suggest that astrocyte-targeted therapeutics against 4R tau may mitigate neurodegenerative disease progression.
Interband cascade laser–based sensor for ambient CH<sub>4</sub> (2010)

We demonstrate a mid-IR semiconductor laser-based absorption spectrometer for field measurements of ambient CH4. The field sensor uses a type II quantum cascade laser (or interband cascade laser, ICL) operating near 3.3 µm to monitor a well-isolated line in the 3 fundamental band of CH4. The ICL operates in cw mode at cryogenic temperatures. The sensor uses a multipass cell that provides an optical path of ~7 m with a 0.25-m base path. Thermoelectrically cooled InAs detectors are used along with balanced ratiometric detection to achieve a precision of 15 ppbv for a 60-s integration time. Several successful field demonstrations are carried out at sites maintained by the University of New Hampshire.
Development and Cancer: At the Crossroads of Nodal and Notch Signaling (2009)

Aggressive tumor cells express a plastic, multipotent phenotype similar to embryonic stem cells. However, the absence of major regulatory checkpoints in these tumor cells allows aberrant activation of embryonic signaling pathways, which seems to contribute to their plastic phenotype. Emerging evidence showing the molecular cross-talk between two major stem cell signaling pathways Nodal and Notch suggests a promising therapeutic strategy that could target aggressive tumor cells on the basis of their unique plasticity, and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the re-emergence of developmental signaling pathways during tumor progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Preliminary SAR Studies of a Novel, Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Antagonist Pharmacophore. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Biomolecules Using Surface Plasmons (2009)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are optical sensors that use special electromagnetic waves (surface plasmon-polaritons) to probe interactions between an analyte in solution and a biomolecular recognition element immobilized on the SPR sensor surface. Major application areas include the detection of biological analytes and analysis of biomolecular interactions, where SPR biosensors provide benefits of label-free real-time analytical technology. The information obtained is both qualitative and quantitative and it is possible to obtain the kinetic parameters of the interaction. This new technology has been used to study a diverse set of interaction partners of biological interest, such as protein-protein, protein-lipids, protein-nucleic acids, or protein and low molecular weight molecules such as drugs, substrates, and cofactors. In addition to basic biomedical research, the SPR biosensor has recently been used in food analysis, proteomics, immunogenicity, and drug discovery. This chapter reviews the major developments in SPR technology. The main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.
The Groves–Spiro Dioxomanganese(V) Story (2008)

Double O agents: The first definitive spectroscopic evidence for trans-dioxomanganese(V) porphyrins (see picture) has been reported by Groves, Spiro, and co-workers. Their work extends the scope of oxo-coordination chemistry and opens the way for the exploration of reactivity patterns of trans-dioxo complexes of first-row transition-metal ions.
An injectable sulfonated reversible thermal gel for therapeutic angiogenesis to protect cardiac function after a myocardial infarction (2019)

The intramyocardial injection of the sulfonated reversible thermal gel has cardioprotective and vascularization properties for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Cover Feature: Phosphine‐Activated Lysine Analogues for Fast Chemical Control of Protein Subcellular Localization and Protein SUMOylation (ChemBioChem 1‐2/2020) (2019)

The Staudinger reduction provides a bio-orthogonal and generalizable approach to small-molecule-triggered protein activation. We have developed three genetically encoded caged lysine analogues that can be rapidly activated with phosphines in order to control protein function in mammalian cells. This was applied to the conditional control of protein translocation and triggering SUMOylation, an important post-translational modification, of a caged target protein. More information can be found in the full paper by A. Deiters et al. on page 141 in Issue 1, 2020 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900464).
The Double Edge Technique for Doppler lidar wind measurement (1998)

In this contribution, we present a new method, based on a tunable excitation laser source and a robust common path interferometer in the detection channel. Its purpose is to image spectral excitation and emission information on a monochrome complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera. This allows us to spatially obtain both excitation and emission spectra of the whole imaged area and create derived images such as red-green-blue (RGB), excitation and emission maxima, and Stokes shift images. Our presented method is a further development of hyperspectral imaging that usually is limited to recording spatially resolved emission spectra. Taking advantage of the full camera chip should speed up the acquisition versus line scan or pointwise hyperspectral imaging.
STUDIES ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF STEEL FRAMED BRACE FOR SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING MEDIUM-HIGH RISE SRC APARTMENT TYPE BUILDING (2014)

This study proposes the evaluation method of arrangement and the strengthening effect of the steel framed brace for existing middle to high rise I-shaped apartment complex buildings designed before 1981. The proposed method considers the displacement and strength ratio of flexural to shear. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by static load incremental analysis and dynamic response analysis of an example model building.
System with a direct contact desublimating heat exchanger and temperature regulation (2023)

A process to prevent fouling using a desublimating heat exchanger is disclosed. An outlet stream from the desublimating heat exchanger may be split into a plurality of parallel streams. The parallel streams may be sent through a plurality of discrete unit operations, and the unit operations may change the temperature of at least one of the parallel streams. Parallel streams of differing temperature may emerge from the unit operations. The parallel streams which are of a similar temperature may be mixed to form a warm stream and a cool stream. The warm stream and the cool stream may be sent to a mixing chamber. A mixed stream of substantially uniform temperature may emerge from the mixing chamber, and the mixed stream may be recycled back to the desublimating heat exchanger. The mixing chamber may be separate from the desublimating heat exchanger, or the parallel streams of differing temperature may be mixed in the desublimating heat exchanger.
Wireless LANs and home networks : connecting offices and homes : proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless LANs and Home Networks, Singapore, 5-7 December 2001 (2001)

Mobile computing quality of service and wireless Internet error control and mobile applications Bluetooth and 802.11 network security power control and performance evaluation medium access control protocol design and mobility support interoperability and co-existence multicarrier systems antennas and interference control mobile ad-hoc networks.
Crystal structure of aqua(2,2′ :6′,2″ :6″,2‴-quaterpyridyl)sulphitocobalt-(III) nitrate monohydrate (1975)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by the heavy-atom method from X-ray diffracto-meter data and refined by block-diagonal least-squares to R 0·056 for 1891 observed reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, a= 19·005(4), b= 15·598(3), c= 6·913(1)Å, β= 92·34(1)°, Z= 4.The quaterpyridyl ligand is planar and coplanar with the cobalt, the inner nitrogen atoms bonding to it at a shorter distance (1·855 ± 0·005) than the outer (1·97 ± 0·01 Å). Co–OH2 is 2·067(5) and Co–S 2·244(2)Å. The nitrate ion is disordered.
Slavery, Disease, and Suffering in the Southern Lowcountry (2012)

Slavery, Disease, and Suffering in the Southern Lowcountry. By Peter McCandless. Cambridge Studies on the American South. (New York and other cities: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Pp. [xxvi], 297. $90.00, ISBN 978-1-107-00415-3.) Scholars studying the American South often focus their attention on dramatic themes such as slavery and race, revolution, war, and secession, but in doing so they risk losing sight of more commonplace experiences that may have been at least as significant to the people they study. As Peter McCandless shows in Slavery, Disease, and Suffering in the Southern Lowcountry, disease played a central role in the history of the early South. From the late seventeenth century until the Civil War, McCandless demonstrates, disease pervaded every aspect of life in the Southeast, influencing economic decisions, shaping cultures and identities, dictating geographical organization, and inflicting emotional as well as physical wounds. Despite the title, McCandless has written a book that is about disease much more than it is about slavery or suffering. As the author acknowledges, because of the bias of source materials, all but a few of the book's fourteen chapters focus primarily on the free population. Nor does McCandless consider suffering that was unrelated to disease or deal much with the southern Lowcountry beyond South Carolina. McCandless makes no attempt to cover his broad topic comprehensively, but each of the book's short chapters focuses on an important aspect of the role of disease in the Lowcountry. He also divides the book into two thematic but also partly narrative sections, giving separate attention to perceptions of the disease environment and to responses to illness. The book's parameters may be different than one might expect from the title, but they enable McCandless to take a careful, well-thought-out, and well-researched look at how South Carolinians understood and responded to disease. Moreover, as he points out, attitudes toward disease in the early southern Lowcountry affected a culture that enormously influenced the development of the South and the United States (p. xvi). McCandless reveals that, despite the power that disease exerted in the southern Lowcountry, southerners could ignore stark and brutal realities about health. Instead, they often accepted dubious theories about illness that served their own interests or reinforced their image of themselves. Many readers will be most familiar with the example of Lowcountry plantation owners' contention that their slaves faced no danger from disease in rice swamps. …
RDChiral: An RDKit Wrapper for Handling Stereochemistry in Retrosynthetic Template Extraction and Application (2019)

There is a renewed interest in computer-aided synthesis planning, where the vast majority of approaches require the application of retrosynthetic reaction templates. Here, we introduce an open source Python wrapper for RDKit designed to provide consistent handling of stereochemical information in applying retrosynthetic transformations encoded as SMARTS strings. RDChiral is designed to enforce the introduction, destruction, retention, and inversion of tetrahedral centers as well as the cis/trans chirality of double bonds. We also introduce an open source implementation of a retrosynthetic template extraction algorithm to generate SMARTS patterns from atom-mapped reaction SMILES strings. In this manuscript, we describe the implementation of these two pieces of code and illustrate their use through many examples.&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The two .json.gz files can be generated from the open source USPTO data available at https://figshare.com/articles/Chemical_reactions_from_US_patents_1976-Sep2016_/5104873 using the code contained in the rdchiral GitHub repository. They are placed here for convenience if you would prefer to copy them into the templates/data subfolder instead of creating them from the source .rsmi file.&lt;/div&gt;
Rare allele enrichment and detection by allele-specific PCR, competitive probe blocking, and melting analysis (2011)

Differential amplification of variant and wild-type alleles by PCR is often used for rare allele enrichment. We have combined allele-specific PCR, competitive probe blocking, asymmetric PCR, and melting analysis to enhance rare allele detection in a homogeneous system. Unlabeled, dual hybridization or molecular beacon probes were used for competitive blocking of the wild-type allele at a concentration 10 times that of the allele-specific primer. In each case, rare alleles were detected by probe melting analysis at a sensitivity of >0.001% (1 variant copy within 100,000 wild-type copies), providing single copy detection in typical PCRs. Ninety-one thyroid biopsies were tested for the BRAF mutation p.V600E (c.1799 T > A) by both dual hybridization probes without enrichment and an allele-specific, competitive blocking melting analysis with unlabeled probes. Eighty-seven samples were concordant between methods (43 positive, 44 negative), while 4 samples that were negative by direct analysis became positive after enrichment. Probes that both block wild-type amplification and detect rare variants by melting analysis improve the detection sensitivity of allele-specific PCR for rare alleles. In particular, melting analysis using unlabeled probes and amplification by rapid-cycle PCR provides cost-effective and fast enrichment and detection of rare alleles.
Tocotrienols induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (2016)

Our study demonstrates that γ- and δ-T3 induce apoptosis also in tumor cells lacking of ERβ by triggering signals originating from endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our observations suggest that tocotrienols could have a significant role in tumor cell physiology and a possible therapeutic potential.
Internet-based self-help treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2012)

The Dutch Cochrane Center, NTR2772.