gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient patch-based approach for compressive depth imaging (2016)

We present efficient camera hardware and algorithms to capture images with extended depth of field. The camera moves its focal plane via a liquid lens and modulates the scene at different focal planes by shifting a fixed binary mask, with synchronization achieved by using the same triangular wave to control the focal plane and the pizeoelectronic translator that shifts the mask. Efficient algorithms are developed to reconstruct the all-in-focus image and the depth map from a single coded exposure, and various sparsity priors are investigated to enhance the reconstruction, including group sparsity, tree structure, and dictionary learning. The algorithms naturally admit a parallel computational structure due to the independent patch-level operations. Experimental results on both simulation and real datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the new hardware and the inversion algorithms.
RITnet: Real-time Semantic Segmentation of the Eye for Gaze Tracking (2019)

Accurate eye segmentation can improve eye-gaze estimation and support interactive computing based on visual attention; however, existing eye segmentation methods suffer from issues such as person-dependent accuracy, lack of robustness, and an inability to be run in real-time. Here, we present the RITnet model, which is a deep neural network that combines U-Net and DenseNet. RITnet is under 1 MB and achieves 95.3% accuracy on the 2019 OpenEDS Semantic Segmentation challenge. Using a GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, RITnet tracks at > 300Hz, enabling real-time gaze tracking applications. Pre-trained models and source code are available.
A highly efficient reporter system for identifying and characterizing in vitro expanded hematopoietic stem cells (2021)

Summary Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cultured outside the body are the fundamental component of a wide range of cellular and gene therapies. Recent efforts have achieved more than 200-fold expansion of functional HSCs, but their molecular characterization has not been possible due to the substantial majority of cells being non-HSCs and single cell-initiated cultures displaying substantial clone-to-clone variability. Using the Fgd5 reporter mouse in combination with the EPCR surface marker, we report exclusive identification of HSCs from non-HSCs in expansion cultures. Linking single clone functional transplantation data with single clone gene expression profiling, we show that the molecular profile of expanded HSCs is similar to actively cycling fetal liver HSCs and shares a gene expression signature with functional HSCs from all sources, including Prdm16 , Fstl1 and Palld . This new tool can now be applied to a wide-range of functional screening and molecular experiments previously not possible due to limited HSC numbers.
(cis)-Preference of N,N-Dimethyl-N,N-Diphenylguanidine and the Guanidinium Salt. Construction of Water-Soluble Aromatic Layered Structure. (1996)

N, N'-Dimethyl-N, N'-diphenylguanidine (2a) and the corresponding guanidinium salt (2b) have crystal structures in which two phenyl groups are located face-to-face. Similar (cis, cis) conformations were also observed in various solvents. These structures may be useful as key building blocks to construct water-soluble aromatic layered molecules.
First Application of Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysis for Continuous Methanol Carbonylation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acetylenic Replacement of Albicidin's Methacrylamide Residue Circumvents Detrimental E/Z Photoisomerization and Preserves Antibacterial Activity (2021)

The natural product albicidin is a highly potent inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase. Its outstanding activity, particularly against Gram-negative pathogens, qualifies it as a promising lead structure in the search for new antibacterial drugs. However, as we show here, the N-terminal cinnamoyl moiety of albicidin is susceptible to photochemical E/Z isomerization. Moreover, the newly formed Z isomer exhibits significantly reduced antibacterial activity, which hampers the development and biological evaluation of albicidin and potent derivatives thereof. Hence, we synthesized 13 different variants of albicidin in which the vulnerable para-coumaric acid moiety was replaced; this yielded photostable analogues. Biological activity assays revealed that diaryl alkyne analogues exhibited virtually undiminished antibacterial efficacy. This promising scaffold will therefore serve as a blueprint for the design of a potent albicidin-based drug.
N-type doping of silicon by proton implantation (2011)

Ion implantation is one of the most common processes in semiconductor manufacturing. Unfortunately the implantation depth and is limited due to the mass of phosphorous or arsenic. Proton irradiation can go beyond this limit and be utilized to adjust the doping of silicon power devices even in a high depth. The creation of donors is studied for high energy, high dose proton irradiation (2 MeV, fluences 1014 to 1016 cm−2) in FZ-silicon. The relation between the proton implantation dose and the resulting doping is determined and is compared with previous results. A saturation effect related to the oxygen content is found and an experimental evidence for the incorporation of oxygen in hydrogen-related shallow thermal donors (STD(H)) is given. The resulting profiles are studied with Spreading-Resistance-Profiling and their complex shape is with the help of SRIM calculations [10]. Acceptors and donors are created. The superposition of both profiles explains the experimental results.
Intermediate formation of a σ-alkyl iron(III) complex in the reduction of 4-nitrobenzyl chloride catalysed by iron(II)-prophyrins (1982)

Formation of the σ-alkyl FeIII(TPP)(CH2C6H4NO2-4) complex (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin) during reduction of 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (1) by sodium ascorbate catalysed by Fe(TPP)(Cl) was detected by visible spectroscopy, and its invollement as an intermediate intne reduction of (1) to 4-nitrotoluene was deduced from a study of the characteristics of this reaction.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of opportunistic infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients (2015)

OIs present significant risks to patients following solid organ transplantation. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of OIs after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients and to evaluate the impact of OIs on outcomes in this patient population. A single-center retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis including pediatric patients 21 yr of age or younger transplanted from July 1999 to June 2013 at an academic medical center was conducted. Patients were excluded if they received multi-organ transplant. A total of 175 patients were included in the study. Patients who developed OIs were more likely to be female and younger at the time of transplant. A six-factor risk model for OI development was developed. Death, disease recurrence, and PTLD development were similar between groups but trended toward increased incidence in the OI group. Incidence of rejection was significantly higher in the OI group (p = 0.04). Patients who developed OIs had several important risk factors, including younger age, EBV-negative serostatus, CMV donor (+)/recipient (-), biopsy-proven acute rejection, ANC <1000, MMF dose >500 mg/m(2), and any infection. Incidence of rejection was higher in the OI group, but rate of graft loss was not statistically different.
Orifice plate for controlling solids flow, methods of use thereof and articles comprising the same (2023)

Disclosed herein is an orifice plate comprising one or more plates having orifices disposed therein; the orifices being operative to permit the flow of solids from a moving bed heat exchanger to a solids flow control system; where the orifice plate is downstream of a tube bundle of the moving bed heat exchanger and upstream of the solids flow control system and wherein the orifice plate is operative to evenly distribute the flow of solids in the solids flow control system.
Reactivity of carbamoyl radicals: the first general and convenient free-radical synthesis of isocyanates (1994)

F. Minisci, F. Coppa and F. Fontana, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 679 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000679
X-ray photoelectron diffraction from (3×3) and (√3×√3)R 30° (0001)Si 6H–SiC surfaces (1998)

High-resolution (±1°) x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) patterns were obtained along high symmetry azimuths of the (3×3) and (√3×√3)R30° reconstructed (0001)Si 6H–SiC surfaces. The data were compared to XPD patterns obtained from (7×7) Si (111) as well as to models proposed for the (3×3) and (√3×√3)R30° 6H–SiC reconstructions. Forward scattering features similar to those observed from the (7×7) Si (111) were also observed from the (√3×√3)R30° 6H–SiC (0001)Si surface. Additional structures were found and attributed to the substitution of carbon atoms for silicon. Unlike (1×1) and (7×7) Si (111) surfaces, the XPD patterns of (3×3) and (√3×√3)R30° SiC (0001)Si surfaces are different which is due to the presence of an incomplete bilayer of Si on the (3×3) surface. The most significant difference with the Si system is the equivalence of the [101̄0] and [011̄0] azimuths in the (3×3) structure. These results are consistent with a faulted Si bilayer stacking sequence which was proposed based on scanning tunneling microscopy observations.
A $K_{u}$-Band Dual Polarization Hybrid-Mode Horn Antenna Enabled by Printed-Circuit-Board Metasurfaces (2012)

Metamaterials with properly engineered surface properties have been recently proposed for application in the design of broadband hybrid-mode horn antennas, such as soft and hard horns. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and measured results of a square dual-polarization horn antenna with thin metasurfaces lining the four walls, demonstrating broadband, negligible-loss hybrid-mode operation. By employing a powerful genetic-algorithm (GA) design optimization technique, we have dispersion-engineered low-index metaliners whose surface impedances satisfy the balanced hybrid condition across the K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> -band. The optimized metaliners were synthesized based on conventional printed-circuit board technology, leading to a lightweight and low-cost construction. To improve the cross-polarization response, a simple dielectric plug was placed in the throat of the horn to perform effective mode conversion. Measurements showed that the fabricated horn antenna prototype provided low sidelobes, low cross-polarization levels, and radiation patterns that are approximately independent of polarization. Excellent agreement was found between measured and simulated results across the entire band of operation. Both the far-field radiation patterns and the aperture field distributions confirm the hybrid-mode operation of the horn, validating the balanced metasurface design. This metamaterial-enabled antenna represents a low-cost alternative to other types of soft feed horns, such as corrugated horns.
A novel regiospecific N to O-methyl transferase activity in the biotransformation of a thebaine derivative with Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 1384 (2002)

A novel regiospecific N- to O-methyl transfer reaction has been characterised in the biotransformation of an N-CD3-thebaine derivative with the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 1384.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Serologic Assays for Detection of Human Infection with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Virus in U.S. Populations (2011)

Swine origin 2009 H1N1 influenza virus has spread globally to cause the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Serological studies can improve our understanding of the extent of human infection and risk factors associated with the transmission of this pandemic virus. The "gold standard" for serodiagnosis of human influenza virus infection is the detection of seroconversion between acute- and convalescent-stage samples. However, the timing of seroepidemiological investigations often precludes the collection of truly acute-phase sera, requiring development of serological criteria for evaluating convalescent-phase sera that optimize detection of true positives and true negatives. To guide seroepidemiological investigations into the spread of the novel 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, we characterized serum antibody responses to 2009 H1N1 virus in 87 individuals with confirmed viral infection and 227 nonexposed U.S. individuals using microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each assay alone and in combination for detection of 2009 H1N1 virus-specific antibodies in convalescent-phase sera. Although the HI assay was more specific for detecting antibody to 2009 H1N1, the MN assay was more sensitive, particularly for detecting low-titer seroconversions. A combination of titers (MN ≥ 40 and HI ≥ 20) provided the highest sensitivity (90%) and specificity (96%) for individuals aged <60 years and 92% specificity for adults aged ≥ 60 years for detection of serologically confirmed 2009 H1N1 infections in U.S. populations during the first pandemic waves. These studies provide an approach to optimize timely serological investigations for future pandemics or outbreaks of novel influenza viruses among humans.
Prothèse d'épaule douloureuse: stratégie diagnostique et thérapeutique (2009)

Une prothese d'epaule douloureuse peut etre due a un enraidissement, a un probleme mecanique avec les implants, a un probleme de coiffe, a une infection, a une fracture des tuberosites ou de l'epine de l'omoplate. » En presence d'une prothese d'epaule douloureuse, des examens complementaires permettent de contribuer a la demarche diagnostique (bilan biologique de debrouillage, bilan radiographique simple, arthroscanner avec lavage articulaire). » L'IRM n'est pas utilisable en routine en raison des nombreux artefacts produits lors de l'examen, sauf lorsque les protheses sont en titane. » Lorsque la douleur apparait dans les suites de l'intervention, il faut evoquer en priorite un sepsis (diagnostic a retenir jusqu'a preuve du contraire, avec presence d'un Propionibacterium acnes dans la moitie des cas), une raideur postoperatoire ou un probleme mecanique avec les pieces prothetiques.
Resolving the Full Spectrum of Human Genome Variation using Linked-Reads (2017)

Abstract Large-scale population based analyses coupled with advances in technology have demonstrated that the human genome is more diverse than originally thought. To date, this diversity has largely been uncovered using short read whole genome sequencing. However, standard short-read approaches, used primarily due to accuracy, throughput and costs, fail to give a complete picture of a genome. They struggle to identify large, balanced structural events, cannot access repetitive regions of the genome and fail to resolve the human genome into its two haplotypes. Here we describe an approach that retains long range information while harnessing the advantages of short reads. Starting from only ∼1ng of DNA, we produce barcoded short read libraries. The use of novel informatic approaches allows for the barcoded short reads to be associated with the long molecules of origin producing a novel datatype known as ‘Linked-Reads’. This approach allows for simultaneous detection of small and large variants from a single Linked-Read library. We have previously demonstrated the utility of whole genome Linked-Reads (lrWGS) for performing diploid, de novo assembly of individual genomes (Weisenfeld et al. 2017). In this manuscript, we show the advantages of Linked-Reads over standard short read approaches for reference based analysis. We demonstrate the ability of Linked-Reads to reconstruct megabase scale haplotypes and to recover parts of the genome that are typically inaccessible to short reads, including phenotypically important genes such as STRC, SMN 1 and SMN 2 . We demonstrate the ability of both lrWGS and Linked-Read Whole Exome Sequencing (lrWES) to identify complex structural variations, including balanced events, single exon deletions, and single exon duplications. The data presented here show that Linked-Reads provide a scalable approach for comprehensive genome analysis that is not possible using short reads alone.
Assessing the role of rare pathogenic variants in heart failure progression by exome sequencing in 8,089 patients (2023)

Abstract Most therapeutic development is targeted at slowing disease progression, often long after the initiating events of disease incidence. Heart failure is a chronic, life-threatening disease and the most common reason for hospital admission in people over 65 years of age. Genetic factors that influence heart failure progression have not yet been identified. We performed an exome-wide association study in 8,089 patients with heart failure across two clinical trials, CHARM and CORONA, and one population-based cohort, the UK Biobank. We assessed the genetic determinants of the outcomes ‘time to cardiovascular death’ and ‘time to cardiovascular death and/or hospitalisation’, identifying seven independent exome-wide-significant associated genes, FAM221A , CUTC , IFIT5 , STIMATE , TAS2R20 , CALB2 and BLK . Leveraging public genomic data resources, transcriptomic and pathway analyses, as well as a machine-learning approach, we annotated and prioritised the identified genes for further target validation experiments. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of heart failure progression and reveal putative new candidate therapeutic targets.
Hands-on ATM (1998)

From the Publisher:
Real-life ATM applications and the hottest ATM technologies,all in a single volume-that's the two-pronged focus of this book,which picks up where the authors' hugely successful ATM Theory and Application left off. In the past two years,ATM has been adopted by many Fortune 500 companies and most telecommunication carriers. The current challenge for network managers and administrators is to deploy ATM efficiently and effectively in a corporate setting. Through abundant examples and illustrated step-by-step guidance,Hands-On ATM! reveals how to implement and operate an ATM network to best advantage; use ATM applications in both LAN and WAN environments; take advantage of bridging, or Internet Protocol routing over ATM and LAN emulation; utilize new technologies and standards; and much more. The emphasis throughout is on the growing role of ATM in practical internetworking solutions.
Chlorine addition prior to granular activated carbon contactors improves trihalomethane control (2019)

Optimizing granular activated carbon (GAC) operation can reduce costs for removing disinfection byproducts or their precursors. This article investigates prechlorination to enhance the removal of total trihalomethane (TTHM) precursors and reduce TTHM concentrations in finished water. Rapid small‐scale column tests (RSSCTs) and pilot tests using virgin and reactivated GAC were conducted on water with and without prechlorination. Prechlorination (1 or 2 mg Cl 2 /L) increased (by 15 and 30%, respectively) the number of bed volumes treated by GAC. On the basis of size exclusion chromatography, prechlorination followed by GAC preferentially removed low‐molecular‐weight dissolved organic carbon by GAC. Simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination tests on GAC effluent showed lower TTHM concentrations with prechlorination. Prechlorination lowered the bromine incorporation factor values in GAC effluents after SDS tests, which suggests a reduction in toxicity potential from trihalomethanes. RSSCT results were validated by pilot testing, showing that RSSCTs can be used to optimize the prechlorination process.
History Effect on Circuit Performance of SOI-MOSFETs (2020)

The history effect observed in SOI-MOSFET is investigated. Origin of the effect is the impact ionization, where induced carriers are accumulated within the SOI layer due the potential barrier at the source/channel junction. The compact model HiSIM_SOTB describing the effect based on its origin is studied to analyze the influence on circuit. An inverter-chain circuit is applied to characterize the influence of the history effect. It is demonstrated how the accumulated carriers propagates within the circuit as well as how the generated carriers are accumulated and disappeared during circuit operation. The charging/discharging of the carriers takes time until it reaches stable condition, which could be much longer than the normal circuit operation cycle, observed as the history effect.
Fiber-device-fiber gain from a sol-gel erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (2002)

An erbium-doped silica-on-silicon planar waveguide optical amplifier is described. The active core is a topographic guide formed from aluminophosphosilicate glass doped with erbium and ytterbium. The buffer is formed from silica deposited by thermal oxidation and the cladding from borophosphosilicate glass obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The use of low process temperatures allows relatively heavy doping and careful control of the core etching allows low background insertion losses to be obtained. Spontaneous emission and gain measurements are given and 5.4-dB fiber-device-fiber gain is demonstrated using a 5-cm-long chip pumped using a 980-nm laser diode at 175-mW pump power.
Convenient Method for the Preparation of 3‐(2‐Pyridyl Dithio) Propionic Acid N‐Hydroxy Succinimid Ester (1988)

Abstract A new efficient and simple method for the preparation of 3‐(2‐pyridyl dithio) propionic acid N‐hydroxy succinimid ester using diethyl azo dicarboxylate, is described.
Corrigenda (1985)

D. A. Bleasdale, D. W. Jones, M. Cerutti, L. Delprino, L. Cattel, P. Bouvier-Navé, A. Duriatti, F. Schuber and P. Benveniste, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 1648 DOI: 10.1039/C39850001648
Scientific and Scholastic Texts (2013)

It is of no small consequence to scientific and scholastic texts from Anglo-Saxon England that early in its history a native speaker of Greek trained in some leading eastern educational centers wore the miter in Canterbury. The most important Old English medical Text, Bald's Leechbook, dating to the time of King Alfred, though preserved in a tenth-century manuscript. It comprises three books: the first addresses the external manifestations of diseases in the traditional head-to-foot order of Classical medical treatises; the second deals with internal ailments, borrowing extensively from Greek and Roman texts and followed by a colophon which names one Bald as the owner of the book; and the third contains magical remedies and charms rooted in native folk medicine and Christian faith. Anglo-Saxon teachers and students focused on grammar, judging by the surviving scholastic texts.
Variable step-size NLMS algorithms designed for echo cancellation (2009)

A major issue in echo cancellation is to recover the near-end signal from the error signal of the adaptive filter. In this paper, we use this requirement in order to design a family of variable step-size normalized least-mean-square (VSS-NLMS) algorithms. The main parameter that is needed within these algorithms is the near-end signal power estimate. Several solutions for this problem are presented and evaluated in terms of different practical aspects (i.e., available parameters, complexity). Due to their specific characteristic, these VSS-NLMS algorithms are equipped with good robustness features against near-end signal variations (e.g., double-talk) and can be reliable candidates for real-world echo cancellation scenarios.