gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security and privacy of future aircraft wireless communications with offboard systems (2011)

Modern global aviation must rise up to the challenge of safely, securely and efficiently managing increasingly crowded skies under growing passenger, business and societal demands. The “e-enabled aircraft” plays a central role in overcoming this grand challenge. Aeronautical-specific and commercial wireless data links as well as Internet standards will tightly integrate this aircraft with off-board systems in space, air and ground for revolutionizing air traffic control, flight operations and passenger services. However, potential vulnerabilities of these new technologies present risks to performance, user acceptance and deployment cost of future airspace systems. In this paper, we focus on these vulnerabilities and their mitigation. We discuss security and privacy threats and challenges that emerge with wireless-enabled air traffic control and flight operations.
Comparison of Pulse Shapes in a 224Gbit/s (28Gbaud) PDM-QAM16 Long-Haul Transmission Experiment (2011)

We investigate the effectiveness of RZ50 versus NRZ in a 224Gbit/s PDM-QAM16 transmission. Record distances of 2000km and 1520km are reported for single- and 3-channel transmission over SMF links with EDFAs-only amplification.
Falsely elevated point-of-care lactate measurement after ingestion of ethylene glycol (2007)

We demonstrated how inappropriate laparotomy or delayed therapy might occur if clinicians are unaware of this phenomenon or have access to only a single analyzer. We also showed that lactate gap can be exploited to expedite treatment, diagnose late ethylene-glycol ingestion and terminate dialysis. By comparing lactate results from the iSTAT or Bayer devices with that from the Radiometer, ethylene-glycol ingestion can be diagnosed at the point of care. This can expedite diagnosis and treatment by hours, compared with waiting for laboratory results for plasma ethylene glycol.
Tilted n-fold symmetric radio frequency pulse sequences: Applications to CSA and heteronuclear dipolar recoupling in homonuclear dipolar coupled spin networks (1998)

We describe new solid-state NMR methods for measuring the magnitude of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and/or the heteronuclear dipolar coupling in the presence of homonuclear dipolar coupled spin networks under magic-angle spinning (MAS). The techniques employ 2π/5 phase shifts of a frequency switched Lee–Goldburg irradiation scheme which recouples the CSA and/or the heteronuclear dipolar coupling while simultaneously decoupling the homonuclear dipolar interactions. The induced spin dynamics are sensitive to the magnitude of the CSA and its asymmetry and may be implemented under conditions where the MAS rate exceeds the size of the anisotropic interactions. These approaches could find use in measurements of the magnitudes and relative orientations of CSA and/or heteronuclear dipolar couplings to extract torsion angles in uniformly labeled systems.
Alternative Cu pillar bumps design to reduce thermomechanical stress induced during flip chip assembly (2017)

In this work a Cu pillar design that combines a stiff metal pedestal with a soft polymer as buffer layer has been integrated in a dedicated test vehicle to investigate the thermo mechanical stress induced during flip chip assembly. In-situ electrical measurements of dedicated stress sensors during a Bump Assisted BEOL Stability Indentation (BABSI) test were performed to assess the strength of the bump designs. Furthermore, the package induced stress was monitored in different regions of the test chips by measuring and comparing the ION current of the stress sensors before and after packaging. By combining in-situ electrical measurements and finite element modeling it was possible to quantify the stress level induced in the Si die after packaging. The results show that the use of a stiff pedestal is very efficient to mitigate packaging induced stress.
MTF in Electro-optical Systems (2021)

In Chapter 1 we applied a transfer-function-based analysis to describe image quality in classical optical systems, that is, systems with optical components only. In this chapter we will examine the MTF of electro-optical systems, that is, systems that use a combination of optics, scanners, detectors, electronics, signal processors, and displays. To apply MTF concepts in the analysis of electro-optical systems, we must generalize our assumptions of linearity and shift invariance. Noise is inherent in any system with electronics. Linearity is not strictly valid for systems that have an additive noise level because image waveforms must be of sufficient irradiance to overcome the noise before they can be considered to add linearly. The classical MTF theory presented in Chapter 1 does not account for the effects of noise. We will demonstrate how to broaden the MTF concept to include this issue. Electro-optical systems typically include detectors or detector arrays for which the size of the detectors and the spatial sampling interval are both finite. Because of the shift-variant nature of the impulse response for sampled-data systems, we will develop the concept of an average impulse response obtained over a statistical ensemble of source positions to preserve the convenience of a transfer-function analysis. We will also develop an expression for the MTF impact of irradiance averaging over the finite sensor size. With these modifications, we can apply a transfer-function approach to a wider range of situations.
Highly Efficient and Practical Pyrrolidine–Camphor‐Derived Organocatalysts for the Direct α‐Amination of Aldehydes (2010)

Abstract A series of pyrrolidine–camphor‐derived organocatalysts ( 1 – 4 ) were designed and synthesised. These organocatalysts were used for direct α‐amination of aldehydes with dialkyl azodicarboxylates to give the desired α‐aminated products in high chemical yields (up to 92 %) and with high to excellent levels of stereoselectivity (up to &gt;99 % ee ). The reactions proceeded rapidly (within 5 min) with low catalyst loading (5 mol‐%) at ambient temperature. Enantioselective aminations of asymmetric α,α‐disubstituted aldehydes in the catalytic system were studied, with reasonable to high stereoselectivities (up to 75 % ee ) being obtained. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated with the synthesis of derivatives of β‐amino‐γ‐butyrolactone and a tetrasubstitutedcyclohexane‐derived amino alcohol with high stereoselectivities. Transition models were proposed for the asymmetric α‐amination reactions; they involve hydrogen‐bond interactions between the nucleophilic enamine formed in situ and the nitrogen source.
Double U-Net based Virtual Metrology on Plasma-Etch CD-SEM Images : AM: Advanced Metrology (2023)

Optimizing lithography and plasma etching is the key for manufacturing nanoelectronics and Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS). We propose a Deep Learning (DL) based virtual metrology algorithm for CD-SEM images that addresses the background noise, the low contrast edges, and the discrepancies between design and wafer that occur in such images and achieves automatic and accurate segmentation that is robust to changes in structure and process recipe. Accurate segmentation of CD-SEM images of the nanostructures provides the flexibility to make a very diverse set of measurements. The results show that the DL applied to CD-SEM images significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of virtual metrology.
A 1-Mb STT-MRAM with zero-array standby power and 1.5-ns quick wake-up by 8-b fine-grained power gating (2013)

The power gating is one of the key technologies that reduce the operation power of STT-RAMs for enjoying their non-volatility. Especially, the number of memory cells whose supply voltages are simultaneously controlled in the power gating (grain size) is required to be as small as the bit-width in read and write for minimizing the operation power. For this ultra-fine-grained power gating scheme, we proposed a small power line (PL) driver that utilizes an NFET bootstrap circuit. It is found that the size of the macro using this PL driver is almost independent of the grain size with its write and read performance kept constant. Therefore, this PL driver combined with a small grain is shown to realize a nonvolatile embedded memory macro of fast read/write cycles, ultra-low operation power and zero array standby power with no leak path in the PL drivers.
Suppression of the boron penetration induced dielectric degradation by using a stacked-amorphous-silicon film as the gate structure for pMOSFET (1996)

This work proposes a stacked-amorphous-silicon (SAS) film as the gate structure of the p/sup +/ poly-Si gate pMOSFET to suppress boron penetration into the thin gate oxide. Due to the stacked structure, a large amount of boron and fluorine piled up at the stacked-Si layer boundaries and at the poly-Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface during the annealing process, thus the penetration of boron and fluorine into the thin gate oxide is greatly reduced. Although the grain size of the SAS film is smaller than that of the as deposited polysilicon (ADP) film, the boron penetration can be suppressed even when the annealing temperature is higher than 950/spl deg/C. In addition, the mobile ion contamination can be significantly reduced by using this SAS gate structure. This results in the SAS gate capacitor having a smaller flat-band voltage shift, a less charge trapping and interface state generation rate, and a larger charge-to-breakdown than the ADP gate capacitor. Also the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface of the p/sup +/ SAS gate capacitor is much smoother than that of the p/sup +/ SAS gate capacitor.
Predictors of shorter- and longer-term mortality after COVID-19 presentation among dialysis patients: parallel use of machine learning models in Latin and North American countries (2022)

Findings showed distinct profiles of mortality in COVID-19 in LatAm and North America throughout 2020. Mortality rate was higher within 0-14 and 15-30 days after COVID-19 in LatAm, while mortality rate was higher in North America > 30 days after presentation. Nonetheless, a remarkable proportion of HD patients died > 30 days after COVID-19 presentation in both regions. We were able to develop a series of suitable prognostic prediction models and establish the top predictors of death in COVID-19 during shorter-, intermediate-, and longer-term follow up periods.
<title>Soft computing, advanced video/imaging processing, and communications</title> (2000)

The progress in soft computing and soft communication (SC2) is reviewed in detail including video/imaging compression, communications, processing, sensing and networking, based on 8 B0PS distributed hardware, allowing for full video frame evaluation, in real time.
Agressivité et violence dans les services d’urgences, moteurs de changement de pratiques ? (2010)

L’agressivite et la violence sont multifactorielles et multiformes dans les services d’urgences. Au-dela de la personnalite des individus, le systeme de soins peut involontairement catalyser ces debordements. L’analyse des causes et des solutions potentielles permet aux equipes et aux institutions de poser un autre regard sur ces phenomenes croissants.
A New Sensor for On-Board Detection of Particulate Carbon Mass Emissions from Engines (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new electronic sensor has been developed to measure the time-resolved concentration of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) emitted in engine exhaust. One application of the sensor could be to provide cycle-resolved feedback on the carbonaceous PM concentration in the exhaust to the engine control unit (ECU), thereby enabling real-time control of engine operating parameters to lower PM emissions. Another promising application is to monitor the performance of particulate traps. The sensor was tested in exhaust flows from a single cylinder diesel engine and from a steady-state acetylene diffusion flame in a flow tunnel. Steady-state engine measurements were made at constant speed and variable load, and transient measurements were performed during engine start-up and accelerations. The sensor response was compared with an opacity meter and with gravimetric filter measurements. The output of the sensor compared well with exhaust opacity for the transient measurements and to filter mass loading for the steady-state tests. A correlation was developed between the sensor signal and the particulate mass accumulated on filter papers.&lt;/div&gt;
Galiellalactone-treatment of pro-atherosclerotic mice leads to prolonged blood clotting times. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Citrate-buffered plasma of ApoE-deficient mice fed with WD for 18 weeks and treated either with PBS/EtOH or Gal for the last 6 weeks was used for blood clotting studies in a coagulometer. PT values were obtained by adding Thromborel S, whereas aPTT values were obtained by addition of Pathromtin SL and calcium chloride. The time until a complete clotting of the sample occurred was measured. Data shown are mean + SEM of 2–4 mice (* = p &lt; 0.05 vs. PBS/EtOH-treated mice; t-test).&lt;/p&gt;
Programmed death of nonproliferating androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells. (1991)

Androgen ablation induces an energy-dependent process of programmed death in nonproliferating androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cells which involves fragmentation of genomic DNA into nucleosomal oligomers catalyzed by nuclear Ca2+, Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease enzymes activated following a sustained elevation in intracellular free Ca2+ (Cai). In contrast, androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells are not induced to undergo such programmed cell death by androgen ablation. One explanation for the inability of androgen ablation to induce programmed death of androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells is that such ablation does not result in a sustained elevation in Cai in these cells. This raises the issue of whether androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells can be induced to undergo programmed death if an elevation in the Cai is sufficiently sustained by nonhormonal means. To test this possibility, androgen-independent, highly metastatic Dunning R-3327 AT-3 rat prostatic cancer cells were chronically exposed in vitro to the calcium ionophore ionomycin to sustain an elevation in their Cai. These studies demonstrated that an elevation of Cai as small as only 3-6-fold above baseline can induce the death of these cells if sustained for greater than 12 h. Temporal analysis demonstrated that the death of these cells does not require cell proliferation and involves Ca(2+)-induced fragmentation of genomic DNA into nucleosome-sized pieces as the commitment step in this process. These results demonstrate that even nonproliferating androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells can be induced to undergo programmed cell death if a modest elevation in the Cai is sustained for a sufficient time. These observations identify Cai as a potential target for therapy for androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells.
The upgrade I of LHCb VELO—towards an intelligent monitoring platform (2020)

The Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) detector is designed to detect decays of b- and c- hadrons for the study of CP violation and rare decays. At the end of the LHC Run 2, many of the LHCb measurements remained statistically dominated. In order to increase the trigger yield for purely hadronic channels, the hardware trigger will be removed, and the detector will be read out at 40 MHz. This, in combination with the five-fold increase in luminosity, requires radical changes to LHCb's electronics, and, in some cases, the replacement of entire sub-detectors with state-of-the-art detector technologies. The Vertex Locator (VELO) surrounding the interaction region is used to reconstruct the collision points (primary vertices) and decay vertices of long-lived particles (secondary vertices). The upgraded VELO will be composed of 52 modules placed along the beam axis divided into two retractable halves. The modules will each be equipped with 4 silicon hybrid pixel tiles, each read out by 3 VeloPix ASICs. The total output data rate anticipated for the whole detector will be around 1.6 Tbit/s. The highest occupancy ASICs will have pixel hit rates of approximately 900 Mhit/s, with the corresponding output data rate of 15 Gbit/s. The LHCb upgrade detector will be the first detector to read out at the full LHC rate of 40 MHz. The VELO upgrade will utilize the latest detector technologies to read out at this rate while maintaining the required radiation-hard profile and minimizing the detector material.
Time-qualified evaluation of blood pressure excess (2003)

The authors discuss the possibility of computing indices representative of both the timing and the extent of blood pressure (BP) excess in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure. This discussion is based on a computer-aided chronobiological analysis of a dense temporal series of BP data obtained by automatic ambulatory BP monitoring in clinically healthy subjects. It defines time-qualified reference limits for this biologic variable, based on original measurements or on BP rhythm parameters. It is found that if frequent, time-qualified BP measurements are taken over a 24- or (preferably) 48-h period by automatic ambulatory monitoring, rhythmic BP variability can be appropriately summarized by the characteristics of an approximating function, consisting of a fundamental such as a cosine function with a 24-h period plus at least one additional harmonic component. This individual BP profile can then be compared with a rhythmic reference limit obtained from an apparently healthy population to derive indices able to quantify and localize in time BP excess. In addition, chronobiological indices of BP excess can be used as a reliable basis to time treatment (if needed) and to evaluate its effectiveness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A spectrochemical and electrochemical study of complexes of cobalt with macrocyclic ligands having various degrees of unsaturation (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA spectrochemical and electrochemical study of complexes of cobalt with macrocyclic ligands having various degrees of unsaturationA. Martin. Tait, F. V. Lovecchio, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 9, 2206–2212Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50175a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50175a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integrin-Linked Kinase Controls Notch1 Signaling by Down-Regulation of Protein Stability through Fbw7 Ubiquitin Ligase (2007)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a scaffold and protein kinase that acts as a pivotal effector in integrin signaling for various cellular functions. In this study, we found that ILK remarkably reduced the protein stability of Notch1 through Fbw7. The kinase activity of ILK was essential for the inhibition of Notch1 signaling. Notably, the protein level and transcriptional activity of the endogenous Notch1 intracellular domain (Notch1-IC) were higher in ILK-null cells than in ILK wild-type cells, and the level of endogenous Notch1-IC was increased by the blocking of the proteasome, suggesting that ILK enhances the proteasomal degradation of Notch1-IC. ILK directly bound and phosphorylated Notch1-IC, thereby facilitating proteasomal protein degradation through Fbw7. Furthermore, we found down-regulation of Notch1-IC and up-regulation of ILK in basal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients but not in squamous cell carcinoma patients. These results suggest that ILK down-regulated the protein stability of Notch1-IC through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by means of Fbw7.
Evaluation of an Industrial Byproduct Glycol Mixture for Denitrification (2016)

In this study, the effectiveness of an industrial byproduct that contained ethylene and propylene glycols to serve as a denitrification carbon source was investigated. Use of the byproduct was compared to methanol on the basis of denitrification rate and yield. Three sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were studied; one was fed methanol, the other two were fed with low and high dosages of the byproduct separately. The low dosage reactor (GLYL) exhibited the highest denitrification rate of 11.55 mg NO<sub>x</sub>-N/g MLVSS•h and the lowest yield of 0.21 mg VSS/mg COD, while the high dosage reactor (GLYH) had the lowest denitrification rate of 8.56 mg NO<sub>x</sub>-N/g MLVSS•h and the highest yield of 0.55 mg VSS/mg COD. The results of this study showed that the industrial byproduct can be used to effect efficient nitrogen removal, but excess dosage can cause poor performance.
HIGHWAY INCIDENT MANAGEMENT IN ONTARIO (2002)

A Highway Incident Management Task Force consisting of a large number of a broad range of transportation stakeholders was formed in June 2000 by Ontario's Red Tape Commission. The task force was asked to address the problem of traffic congestion caused by accidents on Ontario's major highways that affects economy and the health and safety of Ontario's citizens. The following five issues became the main focus: making highway incident management a priority; improving driver behavior; reducing incident detection, verification, response and clearance times; providing timely, accurate information to the driving public; and enhancing the safety and security of highway travel.