gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrohydrodynamic flow around a colloidal particle near an electrode with an oscillating potential (2007)

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow around a charged spherical colloid near an electrode was studied theoretically and experimentally to understand the nature of long-range particle–particle attraction near electrodes. Numerical computations for finite double-layer thicknesses confirmed the validity of an asymptotic methodology for thin layers. Then the electric potential around the particle was computed analytically in the limit of zero Péclet number and thin double layers for oscillatory electric fields at frequencies where Faradaic reactions are negligible. Streamfunctions for the steady component of the EHD flow were determined with an electro-osmotic slip boundary condition on the electrode surface. Accordingly, it was established how the axisymmetric flow along the electrode is related to the dipole coefficient of the colloidal particle. Under certain conditions, the flow is directed toward the particle and decays as r −4 , in accord with observations of long-range particle aggregation. To test the theory, particle-tracking experiments were performed with fluorescent 300 nm particles around 50μm particles over a wide range of electric field strengths and frequencies. Treating the particle surface conductivity as a fitting parameter yields velocities in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The observed frequency dependence, however, differs from the model predictions, suggesting that the effect of convection on the charge distribution is not negligible as assumed in the zero Péclet number limit.
Regulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator activity and messenger RNA levels by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells and cumulus-oocyte complexes. (1987)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acts directly on the ovary to induce ovulation in hypophysectomized proestrous rats. Because plasminogen activators (PAs) are implicated in gonadotropin-induced ovulation, we have studied the effect of GnRH on ovarian PA synthesis. GnRH induced tissue-type PA (tPA) secretion by cultured rat granulosa cells, but inhibited the secretion of urokinase-type PA. These effects were blocked by co-treatment with a GnRH antagonist, suggesting that stereospecific GnRH receptors are involved. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also induced tPA in granulosa cells but with a different time course than GnRH; the combined effect of FSH and GnRH was additive. The GnRH effect was mimicked by the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate. In isolated cumulus-oocyte complexes and cumulus cells, GnRH treatment also increased tPA activity. In contrast, treatment of denuded oocytes with GnRH did not increase enzyme activity. After GnRH stimulation of the cumulus-oocyte complexes, tPA content in the denuded oocyte was elevated, suggesting that the cumulus cells mediate the action of GnRH to increase the oocyte enzyme levels. Hybridization experiments using a labeled rat tPA-specific DNA probe showed that both FSH and GnRH increased the level of tPA mRNA in cultured granulosa cells; the stimulatory effect of GnRH was blocked by the GnRH antagonist. Our results indicate that GnRH treatment increases tPA secretion by cultured granulosa cells and cumulus-oocyte complexes. The stimulation of enzyme activity in the granulosa cells is accompanied by increases in tPA mRNA levels.
Time-domain behavioral modeling of a multigigahertz digital RF oscillator using VHDL (2005)

A time-domain event-driven VHDL simulation technique for modeling a multigigahertz radio-frequency digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for wireless applications is presented. The model includes various phase noise mechanisms including flicker (1/f noise), thermal wander, jitter and flat electronic quantization noise due to the digital control using time-domain equations. The noise models are implemented as either accumulative or non-accumulative random perturbations of the fundamental oscillator period. Furthermore, the effects of delay and skew in the digital input bits to the DCO as well as substrate coupling of other clock domains within the same chip has been discussed. The proposed technique is well suited to investigate complex interactions in large system-on-chip systems, which cannot be studied using conventional RF and analog simulation tools. The presented simulation technique has been successfully applied and validated in fully-compliant Bluetooth and GSM transceiver integrated circuits fabricated in digital 130-nm and 90-nm processes, respectively
The effects of genotype and environment on tillering patterns in spring wheat (1986)

Grain yield in spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is in part determined by the number of spikes per unit area.With the exception of high plant density crops, spike numbers are in turn the end-product of the tillering process common to all grass species.A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the tillering patterns of diverse spring wheat genotypes under the short growing season conditions of central Saskatchewan.In addition, experiments were carried out to determine how consistently tillering patterns were expressed in different years, locations, seeding rates, seeding dates, seeding depths and temperatures.'open-door' policy and extensive, continued support throughout the course of this study.I would also like to extend thanks to my
Synergistic drug combinations and machine learning for drug repurposing in chordoma (2020)

Chordoma is a devastating rare cancer that affects one in a million people. With a mean-survival of just 6 years and no approved medicines, the primary treatments are surgery and radiation. In order to speed new medicines to chordoma patients, a drug repurposing strategy represents an attractive approach. Drugs that have already advanced through human clinical safety trials have the potential to be approved more quickly than de novo discovered medicines on new targets. We have taken two strategies to enable this: (1) generated and validated machine learning models of chordoma inhibition and screened compounds of interest in vitro. (2) Tested combinations of approved kinase inhibitors already being individually evaluated for chordoma. Several published studies of compounds screened against chordoma cell lines were used to generate Bayesian Machine learning models which were then used to score compounds selected from the NIH NCATS industry-provided assets. Out of these compounds, the mTOR inhibitor AZD2014, was the most potent against chordoma cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> 0.35 µM U-CH1 and 0.61 µM U-CH2). Several studies have shown the importance of the mTOR signaling pathway in chordoma and suggest it as a promising avenue for targeted therapy. Additionally, two currently FDA approved drugs, afatinib and palbociclib (EGFR and CDK4/6 inhibitors, respectively) demonstrated synergy in vitro (CI<sub>50</sub> = 0.43) while AZD2014 and afatanib also showed synergy (CI<sub>50</sub> = 0.41) against a chordoma cell in vitro. These findings may be of interest clinically, and this in vitro- and in silico approach could also be applied to other rare cancers.
Cache-aware block allocation for memory-technology storage targeted file systems (2019)

In storage using Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), file placements affect the performance of processor cache. However, the impact of file system policies on processor cache has not been well studied. In particular, sequential block allocation of file systems may incur cache pollution that evicts hot data from cache. To prevent cache pollution, we propose Cache-Aware Block Allocation (CABA) scheme for NVM storage. CABA assigns colors to data blocks in NVM storage such that blocks with the same color compete for cache space. It allocates blocks with specific colors to a file in order to restrict cache space occupied by the file data. A naive color-based block allocation, though, tends to allocate scattered blocks to a file, leading to performance degradation of file systems. To reduce the performance penalty, CABA defines a color group with some consecutive blocks and allocates consecutive blocks in the color group to a file. By so doing, CABA balances cache performance and file system performance. We implement CABA in the Ext4 and NOVA file systems and, through experiments, show performance improvements for memory-intensive programs.
Dealumination of hexagonal polytype of faujasite by treatments with silicon tetrachloride vapour (1991)

The hexagonal polytype of faujasite with Si/Al ratio of 3.26 is synthesized according to the procedure outlined by Delprato et al.(Zeolites for the Nineties—Recent Research Reports, 8th IZC, Amsterdam, July, 1989, 127). This material is dealuminated with silicon tetrachloride vapour at temperatures between 573 and 823 K to give a series of crystalline materials with framework Si/Al ratios ranging from 4.76 to 26.43. After subsequent washing and ammonium exchange, the solids are extensively characterized using a variety of physicochemical methods. The dealumination with SiCl4 does not produce observable losses in structural integrity. Unit-cell dimensions decrease from a= 17.326 Å and c= 28.323 Å for the as-synthesized material to a= 17.067 Å and c= 27.885 Å for the most highly dealuminated sample. Continuous changes in material properties at different degrees of dealumination are observed by 29Si MASNMR, IR, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, and Ar adsorption measurements.
The need for androgen deprivation therapy in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy. (2017)

Our study suggested that treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer with definitive dose-escalated EBRT alone resulted in acceptable outcomes, and it failed to show improved outcomes in patients who received short term ADT.
Characterization and Discrimination of AlGaN- and GaN-related Deep Levels in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures (2007)

Deep levels were characterized in an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure equivalent to that of a high electron mobility transistor using deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS). Depth sensitivity of DLOS was achieved by applying different bias conditions, thus enabling attribution of deep levels to either the AlGaN cap or underlying GaN region.
Unraveling the Mechanisms Underlying Olanzapine-Induced Insulin Resistance (2013)

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are widely prescribed agents for treatment of schizophrenia and other related psychiatric disorders. Although AAPs were a major development in psychopharmacology, so-called second-generation agents such as olanzapine have exhibited unexpected and unfavorable metabolic side effects. These side effects include weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, all of which increase the likelihood of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). Nonetheless, how these adverse metabolic effects arise following AAP treatment remains unclear. A key question is whether AAP-associated metabolic impairments are because of the psychiatric illness itself or if they are merely secondary to weight gain.

In this issue, Teff et al. (2) examine the direct effects of second-generation AAPs on insulin resistance and postprandial gut hormone profiles following a mixed meal. The antipsychotic drugs used in these experiments—olanzapine and aripiprazole—were administered to healthy volunteers for 9 consecutive days to exclude potential confounding issues associated with psychiatric disease …
Strain Gage Ramifications on Mistuning in As-Manufactured Models and Experimental Testing (2019)

Abstract Blade mounted strain gages are vital during rig and engine development to ensure safe engine operation. However, they also enable a change in dynamics of integrally bladed rotors (IBR). State-of-the-art IBR dynamic response predictions are accomplished using as-manufactured models (AMM) generated via optical topography measurements and mesh morphing. Two AMM finite element models (FEMs) are created of a 20 bladed IBR. One FEM has no strain gages present, where the second FEM includes strain gages on six blades. Traditionally, strain gages and lead wires are treated as the same material property as the IBR itself. It will be shown that the inclusion of strain gages in AMM’s using this method changes the IBR’s predicted mistuning. An alternative AMM approach is developed that changes the material properties of the finite elements attributed to the strain gages. The predicted mistuning for each AMM is accomplished using the Fundamental Mistuning Model (FMM ID), where the predicted mistuning will be compared to both Traveling Wave Excitation (TWE) experiments and a rotating, single stage compressor rig. Findings show mistuning predictions of the non-strain gaged AMM compare far better to the experiments compared to the inclusion of the strain gages in the AMM. Additionally, altering material properties of the strain gages in the AMM improves mistuning prediction compared to treating the strain gages as the parent IBR material. Therefore, AMM should be acquired using clean, non-strain gaged rotors or the material properties of strain gaged elements need to be altered to more accurately model the component.
AFM and STM characterization of thiol and thiophene functionalized SWNTs: pitfalls in the use of chemical markers to determine the extent of sidewall functionalization in SWNTs (2005)

Thiol- and thiophene-functionalized SWNTs prepared via the reaction of a substituted amine with fluoronanotubes show similar levels of sidewall functionalization, however, the use of Au nanoparticles as chemical markers for AFM gives misleading results for substituent distribution since STM shows the thiol substituents grouped in bands while the thiophene substituents uniformly distributed along the SWNTs.
Innovative sea surface monitoring with GNSS-REflectometry aboard ISS: Overview and recent results from GEROS-ISS (2016)

GEROS-ISS (GEROS hereafter) stands for GNSS REflectometry, Radio Occultation and Scatterometry onboard the International Space Station. It is a scientific experiment, proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2011 for installation aboard the ISS. The main focus of GEROS is the dedicated use of signals from the currently available Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for remote sensing of the System Earth with focus to Climate Change characterisation. The GEROS mission idea and the current status are briefly reviewed.
Floating-Disk Parylene Microvalves for Self-Pressure-Regulating Flow Controls (2008)

This paper presents the first parylene-based floating-disk microvalve with self-pressure-regulating characteristics for various microfluidic applications. By incorporating a free-floating disk diaphragm with no anchoring/tethering structures to constrain its movement, the microvalve realizes configurable pressure-based flow-shunting functions in a stand-alone fashion. Its passive operation eliminates the need for power sources or the external actuation of the device. A multilayer polymer surface-micromachining technology is utilized for device fabrication by exploiting parylene C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene) as the biocompatible structural material for high mechanical compliance as compared with other conventional thin-film materials. Experimental results successfully demonstrate that the in-channel microvalves control water flows in the following two different shunt designs: 1) a nearly ideal regular check valve with zero forward-cracking pressure, zero reverse leakage, and 1.25 times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> - 2.09 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> Nldrs/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> (0.03-0.05 psildrmin/muL, 1.55-2.59 mmHgldrmin/muL) of fluidic resistance; and 2) a pressure-bandpass check valve with 0-100 mmHg and 0-10 muL/min of pressure and flow rate regulation ranges, respectively, as well as 4.88 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> Nldrs/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> (0.12 psi middotmin/muL, 6.08 mmHg middotmin/muL) of fluidic resistance in the forward conductive region. Such a biocompatible and implantable microvalve has the great potential of being integrated in microfluidic systems to facilitate effective microflow control for lab-on-a-chip and biomedical applications. [2008-0055].
Transverse mode and polarization characteristics of AlGaInP-based VCSELs with integrated multiple oxide apertures (2012)

In the current work, we show a detailed analysis of the transverse beam profile and polarization characteristics of devices with one and three oxide apertures. A Gaussian transverse beam profile is achieved with an oxide aperture diameter of less than 6 &#956;m. The laser light is linearly polarized with a high degree of polarization (&gt; 97 %) in the complete current range. The stable polarization direction can be attributed to ordering effects ocurring during epitaxial growth of the GaInP material system and a reduction in crystal symmetry. Different oxide aperture diameters can be implemented in one device due to high oxidation selectivity of the Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As layer depending on aluminum content. These deep oxidation layers lead to a reduction of the parasitic capacitance, while beam profile and polarization characteristics are not affected.
Static and dynamic co-optimizations for blocks mapping in hybrid caches (2012)

In this paper, a combined static and dynamic scheme is proposed to optimize the block placement for endurance and energy-efficiency in a hybrid SRAM and STT-RAM cache. With the proposed scheme, STT-RAM endurance is maximized while performance is maintained. We use the compiler to provide static hints to guide initial data placement, and use the hardware to correct the hints based on the run-time cache behavior. Experimental results show that the combined scheme improves the endurance by 23.9x and 5.9x compared to pure static and pure dynamic optimizations respectively. Furthermore, the system energy can be reduced by 17% compared to pure dynamic optimization through minimizing STT-RAM writes.
SIK1 Couples LKB1 to p53-Dependent Anoikis and Suppresses Metastasis (2009)

Resistance to anoikis, the subtype of apoptosis triggered by lack of adhesion, contributes to malignant transformation and the development of metastasis. Although several lines of evidence suggest that p53 plays a critical role in anoikis, the pathway(s) that connect cell detachment to p53 remain undefined. Here, through the use of a kinome-wide loss-of-function screen, we identify the serine-threonine kinase SIK1 (salt-inducible kinase 1) as a regulator of p53-dependent anoikis. Inactivation of SIK1 compromised p53 function in anoikis and allowed cells to grow in an anchorage-independent manner. In vivo, SIK1 loss facilitated metastatic spread and survival of disseminated cells as micrometastases in lungs. The presence of functional SIK1 was required for the activity of the kinase LKB1 in promoting p53-dependent anoikis and suppressing anchorage-independent growth, Matrigel invasion, and metastatic potential. In human cancers, decreased expression of the gene encoding SIK1 closely correlated with development of distal metastases in breast cancers from three independent cohorts. Together, these findings indicate that SIK1 links LKB1 to p53-dependent anoikis and suppresses metastasis.
Structured pursuits for geometric super-resolution (2009)

Super-resolution image zooming is possible when the image has some geometric regularity. We introduce a general class of non-linear inverse estimators, which combines linear estimators with mixing weights in a frame providing a sparse representation. Mixing weights are computed with a block decomposition, which minimizes a Tikhonov energy penalized by an 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> norm of the mixing weights. A fast orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm computes the mixing weights. Adaptive directional image interpolations are calculated with mixing weights in a wavelet frame.
GRINDING-AND-SLICING TECHNIQUE AS AN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR SILICON WAFER SLICING (1997)

Abstract Monocrystalline silicon wafers of high purity are widely used as substrate materials in microelectronic industry. One step is to cut the ingot into thin wafers. For further improvement of this process-step a new grinding-and-slicing (GS) technique has been developed, which allows the production of high quality wafers. To ensure an efficient and economic use of the GS technique, the application of monitoring systems is indispensable due to the high complexity of the process. A monitoring system for tool wear and radial concentricity error of the inner diameter (ID) blade for ID- and GS-sawing machines is presented. The functions of the monitoring system are based on acoustic emission because of the high sensitivity, the robustness, and the low system cost.
Surprising evidence of pelvic growth (widening) after skeletal maturity (2011)

Following an increase in length and width during childhood and adolescence, skeletal growth is generally assumed to stop. This study investigates the influence of aging on the dimensions of the pelvis and the L4 lumbar vertebra during adulthood. The dimensions of the pelvis, L4 vertebra, and femoral heads were calculated for 246 patients who had received pelvic and abdominal Computed Tomography scans from the UNC Health Care System. Linear regression analysis determined the significance of relationships between age and width of the pelvis. There was a strong correlation between increasing patient age and increasing width of the pelvis at the trochanters, (0.333 mm/year of age p<0.0001), at the iliac wings, (0.371 mm/year of age p < 0.0002), and between the femoral heads, indicating that the bony pelvis widens over 20 mm between the ages of 20 and 80. The pelvic inlet did not enlarge over time while the distance between the hips and the femoral head diameter did significantly increase. The height of L4 did not increase over time, but the L4 width did increase. These correlations were seen in both genders. Surprisingly, our results suggest that the pelvis and L4 vertebra increase in width after skeletal maturity and cessation of longitudinal growth.
Routing in Mobile Opportunistic Networks (2011)

One solution for message delivery in such networks is that the source passively 
waits for the destination to be in communication range and then delivers the message. Another active solution is to ood the message to any nodes in communication range. e receiving nodes carry the message and repeatedly ood the network 
with the message. Both solutions have obvious advantages and disadvantages: the 
rst may have a low delivery ratio while using few resources; the second may have 
a high delivery ratio while using many resources.