gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gossip Networks: The Enabler for Sparsely Populated VANETs (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The future deployment of safety-oriented Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology may be hindered due to the so-called “Market Penetration” problem: as a wireless network built from scratch, there is lack of value to consumers who are early adopters. In this paper, we explore potential applications that can be supported during the initial phase of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) deployment, i.e., sparsely populated VANETs. We show that delay-insensitive information sharing applications are promising since they only require opportunistic network connections (in contrast to safety applications that require “always on” connectivity). This is done via “gossip spread” information distribution protocols by which DSRC vehicles cache and then exchange the information while in range of other DSRC vehicles or road side units. This approach is especially attractive since the number of communicating vehicles will be very small during early deployment years. Moreover, we find that such a technology framework is adequate to enable several types of information sharing vehicular applications in which vehicles and their drivers/passengers are able to generate, aggregate, process, distribute, and consume the relevant on-the-road information, as nearby vehicles dynamically form virtual groups that share common interests. Using highly popular web-based social networking applications as a basis, we argue that similar vehicular-based applications also have the potential to become valuable applications in the VANET context. Finally, we discuss research and technical challenges as well as business and societal obstacles to be resolved in the future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lateral Electrochemical Metallization Cells for Reconfigurable Interconnect Systems (2023)

Lateral electrochemical metallization (ECM) cells are fabricated with a combined spacer/damascene process. The process allows the realization of nanoscale geometrical distances between the two electrodes independent of lithography. Such lateral ECM cells are an essential part in a reconfigurable interconnect system that may yield a strongly increased connectivity in artificial neural networks. The lateral cells show memristive properties comparable to vertical cells with switching voltages in the range of −1.5V to 2.5V. The influence of electrode line edge roughness on SET kinetics of such lateral cells is investigated via kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, finding a minor influence on SET time variability.
Echocardiography-based AI detection of regional wall motion abnormalities and quantification of cardiac function in myocardial infarction (2022)

We present a fully automated echocardiography pipeline applicable to both standard and bedside ultrasound with various functions, including view selection, quality control, segmentation, detection of the region of wall motion abnormalities and quantification of cardiac function.
Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions for Spatial Channel Networks (SCNs) Toward the SDM Abundant Era (2019)

We discuss opportunities and challenges facing the introduction of spatial channel networks (SCNs) toward the forthcoming spatial-division multiplexing era. We present spatial-channel cross-connect architectures and assess them from growability, reliability, and techno-economic standpoints.
Blind Signal Estimation Using Structured Subspace Technique (2021)

This brief addresses the blind signal estimation of a single input multiple output (SIMO) finite impulse response (FIR) system. The proposed method estimates directly the input signal with no need for the channel estimation stage or estimation of the second-order statistics. This is achieved by exploiting the Toeplitz structure inherent in the signal’s linear model, to build a quadratic cost function. Such methods are needed to lessen the latency and wave the error propagation phenomena. The simulation results are compared to other methods and are shown to highlight appealing advantages under adverse scenarios, specifically, short-burst communications and poor channel diversity.
Coincidence, Categorization, and Consolidation: Learning to Recognize Sounds with Minimal Supervision (2020)

Humans do not acquire perceptual abilities in the way we train machines. While machine learning algorithms typically operate on large collections of randomly-chosen, explicitly-labeled examples, human acquisition relies more heavily on multimodal unsupervised learning (as infants) and active learning (as children). With this motivation, we present a learning framework for sound representation and recognition that combines (i) a self-supervised objective based on a general notion of unimodal and cross-modal coincidence, (ii) a clustering objective that reflects our need to impose categorical structure on our experiences, and (iii) a cluster-based active learning procedure that solicits targeted weak supervision to consolidate categories into relevant semantic classes. By training a combined sound embedding/clustering/classification network according to these criteria, we achieve a new state-of-the-art unsupervised audio representation and demonstrate up to a 20-fold reduction in the number of labels required to reach a desired classification performance.
Cutting Edge: NF-κB Activating Pattern Recognition and Cytokine Receptors License NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Regulating NLRP3 Expression (2009)

The IL-1 family cytokines are regulated on transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Pattern recognition and cytokine receptors control pro-IL-1beta transcription whereas inflammasomes regulate the proteolytic processing of pro-IL-1beta. The NLRP3 inflammasome, however, assembles in response to extracellular ATP, pore-forming toxins, or crystals only in the presence of proinflammatory stimuli. How the activation of gene transcription by signaling receptors enables NLRP3 activation remains elusive and controversial. In this study, we show that cell priming through multiple signaling receptors induces NLRP3 expression, which we identified to be a critical checkpoint for NLRP3 activation. Signals provided by NF-kappaB activators are necessary but not sufficient for NLRP3 activation, and a second stimulus such as ATP or crystal-induced damage is required for NLRP3 activation.
Solution softening in molybdenum-rhenium alloys (1984)

This study has clearly demonstrated the solution softening phenomenon in Mo-Re alloys that contain 5.8 to 8.2 at. % Re. The intrinsic nature of the phenomenon tends to be supported by this work; however, the addition of rhenium to molybdenum appears to cause a redistribution of interstitials that affects the fracture behavior in worked alloys. Much more fundamental research is needed to clearly establish the mechanisms that cause this phenomenon. The fabrication of these alloys seems to be no more difficult than any molybdenum alloys produced commercially today. Even the control of rhenium content in the maximum solution softening range does not appear to be difficult.
Seamless voice over LTE (2010)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) as an evolution of fourth generation (4G) technology offers high data rate of upto 100 Mbps for data applications. But it lacks native support for Circuit Switched (CS) voice service which has been the main revenue generator for operators. This introduces the problem of how to provide voice call when a user is in LTE and how to ensure voice call continuity when it moves out of LTE coverage. There are possible technical solutions e.g CS fallback, Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), Voice over LTE via Generic Access (VoLGA), third party services like skype for providing voice call and voice call continuity over LTE. The paper compares various aspects of these solutions and suggests possible roadmap that operators can adopt to provide seamless voice over LTE.
Progress toward approval of an HCV vaccine (2018)

New effective drugs to treat hepatitis C (HCV) promise to cure nearly all patients, but relying solely on antivirals without an effective vaccine has been ineffective in eliminating all other infectious diseases. A prophylactic HCV vaccine needs to be developed. Along with increased screening and drug coverage, an effective vaccine could make it possible to meet the World Health Organization's target to eliminate HCV by 2030. On the basis of recent knowledge of immune correlates of protection combined with the demonstrated immunogenicity and protective animal efficacies of various HCV vaccine candidates, there is a possibility that a prophylactic HCV vaccine is on the horizon. This article summarizes the current status of a prophylactic HCV vaccine. Elicitation of cross-neutralizing antibodies and broad cellular immune responses are likely needed to overcome this highly diverse virus.
CFD Prediction of Partload CO Emissions Using a Two-Timescale Combustion Model (2010)

Todays and future electric power generation is characterized by a large diversification using all kind of sources including renewables resulting in non coherent fluctuations of power supply and power usage. In this context, gas turbines offer a high operational flexibility and a good turn down ratio. In order to guide design and down select promising solutions for improving part load emissions a new combustion model based on the assumption of two separate time scales for the fast premixed flame stabilization and the slow post flame burnout zone has been developed within the commercial CFD code ANSYS CFX. This model enables the prediction of CO emissions generally limiting the turn down ratio of gas turbines equipped with modern low NOx combustion systems. The model will be explained and validated at lab scale conditions. Finally application of the model for a full scale analysis of a gas turbine combustion system is demonstrated.
Lessons from Microbes: What Can We Learn about Equity from Unculturable Bacteria? (2020)

Many microbiologists exhibit a fascination with unculturable bacteria. This intrigue can be expressed through curiosity about nutrient needs, as well as about parameters such as optimal temperature, oxygen levels, minimum and optimal light, or other such environmental factors. Microbiologists study organisms' genetic language, as well as their environment of origin, for clues about essential factors or organisms' need for coculture to support growth and thriving. We can learn many lessons about equity and stewardship-based engagement from the ways that microbiologists seek to understand how to cultivate unculturable bacteria, including the importance of understanding an organism's language and community, replicating aspects of the environment of origin, an organism's occasional need to transform aspects of its environment to persist, and the critical needs to provide a range of culture conditions to support diverse organisms. These lessons from the bacterial world provide guidance applicable to addressing human inequity in scientific communities, and beyond.
SNAP-25, a t-SNARE which binds to both syntaxin and synaptobrevin via domains that may form coiled coils. (1994)

The membrane proteins SNAP-25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin (vesicle-associated membrane protein) have recently been implicated as central elements of an exocytotic membrane fusion complex in neurons. Here we report that SNAP-25 binds directly to both syntaxin and synaptobrevin. The SNAP-25-binding domain of syntaxin lies between residues 199 and 243, within the region previously shown to mediate synaptobrevin binding (Calakos, N., Bennett, M. K., Peterson, K. E., and Scheller, R. H. (1994) Science 263, 1146-1149). The syntaxin-binding domain of SNAP-25 encompasses most of the amino-terminal half of SNAP-25, including its putative palmitoylation sites. Truncation of the carboxyl-terminal 9 residues of SNAP-25, which yields a fragment corresponding to that generated by botulinum neurotoxin A, diminishes the interaction of SNAP-25 with synaptobrevin, but not with syntaxin. Sequence analysis revealed that the regions that mediate the interaction between SNAP-25 and syntaxin contain heptad repeats characteristic of certain classes of alpha-helices. Similar repeats are also present at the carboxyl terminus of SNAP-25 and in synaptobrevin. These domains have a moderate to high probability of forming coiled coils. We conclude that SNAP-25 can interact with both syntaxin and synaptobrevin and that binding may be mediated by alpha-helical domains that form intermolecular coiled-coil structures.
Thrombopoietin levels in serum and liver tissue in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (2000)

Thrombocytopenia in liver diseases is considered to be due to splenic platelet pooling and accelerated destruction. Since thrombopoietin (TPO), a regulator of thrombopoiesis, is produced mainly in the liver, decreased production of TPO may account for thrombocytopenia in liver diseases. To address this issue, we measured serum TPO, using a sensitive sandwich ELISA, in 108 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, which included chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and in 29 normal controls. TPO mRNA in 78 liver samples was examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Platelet counts in CH, LC, HCC and controls were 176 +/- 15 x 10(9)/l, 81 +/- 8 x 10(9)/l, 99 +/- 7 x 10(9)/l and 234 +/- 9 x 10(9)/l respectively. Serum TPO levels in CH, LC and HCC were 2.79 +/- 0.4 fmol/ml, 1.49 +/- 0.2 fmol/ml and 1.97 +/- 0.2 fmol/ml, and were higher than those of controls. Serum TPO levels were positively correlated with prothrombin time and serum albumin (P < 0.05, in each case), and negatively correlated with Indocyanine Green test and Pugh score (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively). However, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that expression of TPO mRNA and protein were similar in the different liver diseases, suggesting that serum TPO is a reflection of the total mass of functional liver. Platelet counts were negatively correlated with spleen index, but not with serum TPO. These results suggest that thrombocytopenia in liver disease is not directly associated with serum TPO but is associated with hypersplenism.
The Relationship Between Heart Rate and Body Temperature in Critically Ill Patients (2021)

Increase in body temperature is associated with a linear increase in heart rate of 9.46 beats/min/°C in female and 7.24 beats/min/°C in male patients. These observations will help to correctly interpret heart rate values at different body temperatures and enable more accurate evaluation of other factors associated with tachycardia.
Data-Driven Approach for Resistivity Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence (2022)

Abstract Formation resistivity is crucial for petrophysics and formation evaluation. Laboratory measurements and/or well logging can be used to provide resistivity data. Laboratory measurements are time-consuming and costly, limiting their use. Furthermore, certain log records may be missing in some segments for a variety of reasons, including instrument failure, poor hole conditions, and data loss due to storage and incomplete recording. The purpose of this study is to apply support vector machines (SVM), and functional networks (FN) to introduce intelligent models for formation resistivity prediction using other available logging parameters. The well logs include gamma ray, density, neutron, and sonic data. The predictive models were built using a data collection of roughly 4300 data points collected from vertical sections of complex reservoirs. For model training and testing, the data set was split at random in a 70:30 ratio. The predictive models were validated using a different set of data (around 1300 points) that had not been seen by the model. The models predicted the target with a good correlation coefficient (R) of around 0.93 and accepted root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.3 for training and testing. The suggested methods for estimating formation resistivity from available logging parameters are shown to be reliable in this study. Resistivity prediction can fill the missing gaps in log tracks and may save money by removing resistivity logs running in all offset wells in the same field.
Reduced Space-Time and Time Costs Using Dislocation Codes and Arbitrary Ancillas (2014)

We propose two distinct methods of improving quantum computing protocols based on surface codes. First, we analyze the use of dislocations instead of holes to produce logical qubits, potentially reducing spacetime volume required. Dislocations induce defects which, in many respects, behave like Majorana quasi-particles. We construct circuits to implement these codes and present fault-tolerant measurement methods for these and other defects which may reduce spatial overhead. One advantage of these codes is that Hadamard gates take exactly $0$ time to implement. We numerically study the performance of these codes using a minimum weight and a greedy decoder using finite-size scaling. Second, we consider state injection of arbitrary ancillas to produce arbitrary rotations. This avoids the logarithmic (in precision) overhead in online cost required if $T$ gates are used to synthesize arbitrary rotations. While this has been considered before, we consider also the parallel performance of this protocol. Arbitrary ancilla injection leads to a probabilistic protocol in which there is a constant chance of success on each round; we use an amortized analysis to show that even in a parallel setting this leads to only a constant factor slowdown as opposed to the logarithmic slowdown that might be expected naively.
Measuring Transcription Factor Binding and Gene Expression using Barcoded Self-Reporting Transposon Calling Cards and Transcriptomes (2021)

Abstract Calling cards technology using self-reporting transposons enables the identification of DNA-protein interactions through RNA sequencing. Although immensely powerful, current implementations of calling cards in bulk experiments on populations of cells are technically cumbersome and require many replicates to identify independent insertions into the same genomic locus. Here, we have drastically reduced the cost and labor requirements of calling card experiments in bulk populations of cells by introducing a DNA barcode into the calling card itself. An additional barcode incorporated during reverse transcription enables simultaneous transcriptome measurement in a facile and affordable protocol. We demonstrate that barcoded self-reporting transposons recover in vitro binding sites for four basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors with important roles in cell fate specification: ASCL1, MYOD1, NEUROD2, and NGN1. Further, simultaneous calling cards and transcriptional profiling during transcription factor overexpression identified both binding sites and gene expression changes for two of these factors. Lastly, we demonstrated barcoded calling cards can record binding in vivo in the mouse brain. In sum, RNA-based identification of transcription factor binding sites and gene expression through barcoded self-reporting transposon calling cards and transcriptomes is an efficient and powerful method to infer gene regulatory networks in a population of cells.
Light-Weight, Fast-Cycling, Shape-Memory Actuation Structures (2011)

While bulk shape memory alloys (SMAs) have proven a successful means for creating adaptive aerospace structures in many demonstrations, including live flight tests, the time required to cool such actuators has been identified as a property that could inhibit their commercial implementation in some circumstances. To determine best practices for improving cooling times, several approaches to increase the surface area and reduce the mass of existing bulk actuator technologies have been examined. Specifically, geometries created using traditional milling and EDM techniques were compared with micro-channel geometries made possible by a new electrochemical milling process developed at Northwestern. The latter technique involves imbedding steel space-holders in a matrix of NiTi powders, hot isostatic pressing the preform into a dense composite, and then electro-chemically dissolving the steel. Thus, in a two-step process, it is possible to create an actuation structure with numerous micro-channels with excellent control of geometry, shape, size and placement, to reduce weight and increase surface area (and thus decrease response time) without compromising actuator performance. In this paper, the new, lighter-weight, faster cycling shape-memory alloy actuation structures resulting from each technique are reviewed. Their performances are compared and contrasted through the results of a numerical study conducted with a 3D SMA constitutive law developed specifically to handle the complex, non-proportional loadings that arise in porous structures. It is shown that using micro-channel technology, cooling times are significantly reduced relative to traditional machining techniques for the same amount of mass reduction.
Feed industry financing and contract programs in Iowa and surrounding states (1961)

Contract farming (or vertical integration) has been discussed widely during the past few years. It has been the subject of many articles in farm I magazines, trade publications and professional I journals.3 Authors differ greatly as to their interpretation of contract farming and in their attitude toward it. Opinions differ and uncertainty persists concerning future developments and I trends in contract farming under midwestern conditions.
Chimie des processus biologiques : une introduction (2010)

La vie dépend de la capacité des organismes vivants à utiliser efficacement le potentiel chimique de leur environnement : le soleil, pour l’énergie, et un certain nombre de molécules accumulées à la surface de la Terre (eau, oxygène, dioxyde de carbone, azote, etc.). Pour en tirer parti, il faut les activer, et cela nécessite des modifications électroniques profondes que seuls les ions métalliques permettent. Les métallo-enzymes qui réalisent ces activations sont véritablement extraordinaires, et leurs mécanismes d’action d’une très grande subtilité. A l’interface de la chimie et de la biologie, la chimie bio-inorganique est aujourd’hui en pleine expansion. Elle est née du constat relativement récent que la vie n’est pas seulement organique mais aussi « minérale » : il n’y a pas de vie sans métaux.