gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction to Estimate the Fatigue Life of Subsea Pipeline Spans: Effects of Wall Proximity (2010)

Subsea pipelines laid on uneven terrain typically have segments of unsupported spans, referred to as “free spans”. Alternatively, subsea pipelines lying on loose and fine gravel or sand may develop free spans due to sea bottom being scoured out due to current action. This paper is concerned with the numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to predict the response of free spans exposed to sea bottom currents. When exposed to sea bottom currents these spans may experience vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which may cause fatigue damage to the pipeline. The VIV response of the pipe span is predicted by coupling a three-dimensional viscous incompressible Navier-Stokes solver with a nonlinear beam finite element solver. Parameters such as turbulence in the flow, proximity of the seabed, pipe sagging due to submerged weight, and pipe-soil interaction, are all accounted for in the FSI simulation. We pay special attention to the effect of seabed / wall proximity on VIV. Design guidelines for free spans are typically based on VIV amplitude and frequency responses for isolated pipes, with little regard to effects of seabed / wall proximity. This may result in overly conservative designs and/or expensive span remediation recommendations, when in reality no span remediation is required. Two examples of field applications are presented.
Inorganic nitrate and nitrite supplementation fails to improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial efficiency in mice and humans (2019)

Sodium nitrite failed to improve mitochondrial metabolic efficiency, rendering this mechanism implausible for the purported exercise benefits of dietary nitrate supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04001283.
The Genomic and Immune Landscapes of Lethal Metastatic Breast Cancer (2019)

The detailed molecular characterization of lethal cancers is a prerequisite to understanding resistance to therapy and escape from cancer immunoediting. We performed extensive multi-platform profiling of multi-regional metastases in autopsies from 10 patients with therapy-resistant breast cancer. The integrated genomic and immune landscapes show that metastases propagate and evolve as communities of clones, reveal their predicted neo-antigen landscapes, and show that they can accumulate HLA loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The data further identify variable tumor microenvironments and reveal, through analyses of T cell receptor repertoires, that adaptive immune responses appear to co-evolve with the metastatic genomes. These findings reveal in fine detail the landscapes of lethal metastatic breast cancer.
Thermoacoustic shock waves (2017)

We have performed a theoretical and numerical investigation of thermoacoustically amplified quasi-planar nonlinear waves driven to the limit of shock-wave formation in a variable-area 2.58 m long looped resonator designed via eigenvalue analysis to maximize the growth rate of the second harmonic (265 Hz). High-order unstructured fully compressible Navier-Stokes simulations reveal the presence of three regimes: (i) Monochromatic harmonic growth, governed by linear thermoacoustics; (ii) Hierarchical spectral broadening, characterized by nonlinear energy cascade; (iii) Shock-wave dominated limit cycle, where energy production is balanced by dissipation occurring at the captured shock-thickness scale. We have modeled these regimes of thermoacoustic wave amplification based on first-principle governing equations and elucidated the physics of energy density production and saturation to a limit cycle.
Potential Interventions in Sepsis-Related Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury often complicates sepsis, leading to greater complexity, cost of care, and worsening prognosis. In recent years, a consensus definition of acute kidney injury has been developed, facilitating research into the pathophysiology and epidemiology of this disorder. New and emerging biomarkers to recognize kidney injury before functional abnormalities are manifest may allow early recognition and facilitate prevention or treatment. Furthermore, advances in the clinical management of sepsis may have secondary benefits with respect to renal outcomes. Existing and hybrid extracorporeal therapies are being investigated not only as means to replace lost kidney function but also to modulate the immune response to sepsis. For those who have more advanced forms of kidney injury, strategies to promote renal recovery are being sought to minimize the long-term consequences of impaired kidney function. This review provides an update on the current state of the science and a glimpse toward the future of intervention in sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
Deterioration of Intended Target Volume Radiation Dose Due to Anatomical Changes in Patients with Head-and-Neck Cancer (2021)

Delivered radiation dose can differ from intended dose. This study quantifies dose deterioration in targets, identifies predictive factors, and compares dosimetric to clinical patient selection for adaptive radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancer patients. One hundred and eighty-eight consecutive head-and-neck cancer patients treated up to 70 Gy were analyzed. Daily delivered dose was calculated, accumulated, and compared to the planned dose. Cutoff values (1 Gy/2 Gy) were used to assess plan deterioration in the highest/lowest dose percentile (D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>99</sub>). Differences in clinical factors between patients with/without dosimetric deterioration were statistically tested. Dosimetric deterioration was evaluated in clinically selected patients for adaptive radiotherapy with CBCT. Respectively, 16% and 4% of patients had deterioration over 1 Gy in D<sub>99</sub> and D<sub>1</sub> in any of the targets, this was 5% (D<sub>99</sub>) and 2% (D<sub>1</sub>) over 2 Gy. Factors associated with deterioration of D<sub>99</sub> were higher baseline weight/BMI, weight gain early in treatment, and smaller PTV margins. The sensitivity of visual patient selection with CBCT was 22% for detection of dosimetric changes over 1 Gy. Large dose deteriorations in targets occur in a minority of patients. Clinical prediction based on patient characteristics or CBCT is challenging and dosimetric selection tools seem warranted to identify patients in need for ART, especially in treatment with small PTV margins.
Neural network learning using non-ideal resistive memory devices (2022)

We demonstrate a modified stochastic gradient ( Tiki-Taka v2 or TTv2 ) algorithm for deep learning network training in a cross-bar array architecture based on ReRAM cells. There have been limited discussions on cross-bar arrays for training applications due to the challenges in the switching behavior of nonvolatile memory materials. TTv2 algorithm is known to overcome the device non-idealities for deep learning training. We demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm for a linear regression task using 1R and 1T1R ReRAM devices. Using the measured device properties, we project the performance of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with 78 K parameters. We show that TTv2 algorithm relaxes the criteria for symmetric device update response. In addition, further optimization of the algorithm increases noise robustness and significantly reduces the required number of states, thereby drastically improving the model accuracy even with non-ideal devices and achieving the test error close to that of the conventional learning algorithm with an ideal device.
Comprehensive data on ionising radiation from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in the town of Miharu, Fukushima prefecture: The Misho Project (2014)

Data related to radioactivity released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on 15 March 2011 gathered by residents of Miharu, Fukushima Prefecture, and by Tohoku University are presented. These data sets consist of (1) the earliest radiation monitoring by a Geiger counter in the town, (2) ratios of radioactivity between (132)Te and (137)Cs for a wide area between Fukushima and Tokyo, (3) radiation measurement of soil samples collected from 18 school grounds, and (4) external radiation exposure of 1400 students using OSL badges. By combining and analysing these various data sets, a curve for the cumulative total external exposure as a function of time, with 16 : 00 h on 15 March 2011 being time zero, is obtained. The average cumulative external dosage is estimated to be 10 mSv (σ = 4.2 mSv) over 10 years. In addition, the initiative that the residents of Miharu took in response to the FDNPP accident, which became known as The Misho Project (MP), is documented; in particular, the time at which the municipality instructed the immediate ingestion of iodine tablets by those under the age of 40, 13 : 00 h on 15 March 2011, is assessed.
Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoalkynes (1996)

This contribution reports the efficient and regiospecific Cp‘2LnCH(SiMe3)2 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Lu; Cp‘ = η5-Me5C5)- and Me2SiCp‘‘2LnCH(SiMe3)2 (Ln = Nd, Sm; Cp‘‘ = η5-Me4C5)-catalyzed hydroamination/cyclization of aliphatic and aromatic aminoalkynes of the formula RC⋮C(CH2)nNH2 to yield the corresponding cyclic imines RCH2CN(CH2)n-1CH2, where R, n, Nt h-1 (°C) = Ph, 3, 77 (21 °C); Ph, 3, 2830 (60 °C); Me, 3, 96 (21 °C); CH2CMeCH2, 3, 20 (21 °C); H, 3, 580 (21 °C); Ph, 4, 4 (21 °C); Ph, 4, 328 (60 °C); Ph, 5, 0.11 (60 °C); and SiMe3, 3, >7600 (21 °C), and of aliphatic secondary amino-alkynes of the formula RC⋮C(CH2)3NHR1 to generate the corresponding cyclic enamines RCHCNR1(CH2)2CH2 where R, R1, Nt h-1 (°C) = SiMe3, CH2CHCH2, 56 (21 °C); H, CH2CHCH2, 27 (21 °C); SiMe3, CH2CH(CH2)3, 129 (21 °C); and H, CH2CH(CH2)3, 47 (21 °C). Kinetic and mechanistic evidence is presented arguing that the turnover-limiting step is an intramolecular alkyne insertion into the Ln−N bond followed by rapid protonolysis of the resulting Ln−C bond. The use of larger metal ionic radius Cp‘2LnCH(SiMe3)2 and more open Me2SiCp‘‘2LnCH(SiMe3)2 complexes as the precatalysts results in a decrease in the rate of hydroamination/cyclization, arguing that the steric demands in the C⋮C insertive transition state are relaxed compared to those of the analogous aminoolefin hydroamination/cyclization.
Site-selective supramolecular synthesis of halogen-bonded cocrystals incorporating the photoactive azo group (2008)

The halogen-bonding-driven self-assembly of α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes with trans-4,4′-azobipyridine gives rise to infinite 1D networks in the crystalline state. The four nitrogen atoms of the azobispyridine module could allow for the formation of various isomeric products. Interestingly, a site-selective supramolecular synthesis occurs, since only the pyridyl nitrogen atoms are involved in the recognition process. This selectivity can be rationalized on the basis of a higher basicity and steric accessibility of the pyridine nitrogens, with respect to the azo nitrogens, and with the formation of an architecture where the hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon modules segregate.
Streaming Media Caching with Transcoding-Enabled Proxies (2003)

We propose a transcoding-enabled streaming media caching system (TeC) along with a new set of caching strategies. Our system is designed for efficient delivery of rich media web contents to heterogeneous network environments and client capabilities. The proxies perform transcoding as well as caching in our system. This design choice allows content adaptation to be performed at the edges of the networks. Depending on the connection speed and processing capability of an end user, the proxy transcodes the requested (and possibly cached) video into an appropriate format and delivers it to the user. By serving the transcoded video directly from the proxy, we improve the cache performance. Performance evaluation via simulation is presented. Specifically, simulations using both synthesized traces and real traces derived from enterprise media server logs are conducted. Simulation results indicate that by incorporating transcoding capability at the network edges, the traffic to the content origin server is further reduced.
RF encoding using a multielement parallel transmit system (2010)

Radiofrequency (RF) encoding using spatially variant RF transmission fields represents an alternative to the conventional signal-encoding techniques applied in MRI, which are based on main field gradients. Thus, RF encoding might allow omitting the use of all main field gradients, alleviating acoustic noise and other main field gradient-related problems. This study investigates the potential of RF transmit encoding using spatially nonlinear RF fields generated by an eight-channel parallel transmit system equipped with the corresponding transmit array. Appropriate spatial encoding functions are determined iteratively by randomized superposition of the array element sensitivities and judging their performance. Besides RF amplitude-based signal encoding, the possibility of RF phase-dominated encoding is investigated to allow future fast imaging applications. The theoretical background is given and experimental phantom results are compared with predictions from corresponding simulations to prove the basic feasibility of the approach for low-resolution MRI. Deviations of roughly 10-15% between main field and RF encoded images were found for an in-plane resolution of 5 x 5 mm(2). The approach of RF encode MRI does not seem to be able to replace standard main field gradient encoding completely, but a suitable combination of both concepts could find promising applications.
Editor's evaluation: Antigenic mapping and functional characterization of human New World hantavirus neutralizing antibodies (2022)

Human antibodies that neutralize New World hantaviruses are promising for prevention or treatment of these high-priority emerging pathogens carried by rodents and transmitted to humans by aerosolized excreta or, in rare cases, person-to-person contact.
Functional Genomics and Epigenetics in Pig Cloning Research. (2010)

Abstract not available.
ARPES studies of the inverse perovskite Ca3PbO: Experimental confirmation of a candidate 3D Dirac fermion system (2017)

We investigate the band structure of the inverse perovskite ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}\mathrm{PbO}$, a candidate three-dimensional (3D) Dirac fermion material, through soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Conelike band dispersions are observed for ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}\mathrm{PbO}$, in close agreement with the predictions of electronic structure calculations. We further demonstrate that chemical substitution of Bi for Pb is effective in tuning the Fermi level of ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}\mathrm{PbO}$ while leaving its electronic structure intact. Our study confirms that the inverse perovskite family provides a promising platform for the exploration of 3D Dirac fermion systems.
Inhibitory Effects of RU 16117, a Potent Estrogen Antagonist, on the Estrous Cycle in the Rat (1978)

Administration of a total dose of 2.0 µg of the new antiestrogen RU 16117 (11α-methoxy ethinyl estradiol) during the first two days of the cycle to rats showing a 4-day cycle delayed the time of ovulation and the appearance of vaginal cornification. A total dose of 5 µg of RU 16117 administered only at estrus led to a marked inhibition of the spontaneous peaks of LH, FSH and PRL measured on the afternoon of expected proestrus. Treatment with the antiestrogen led to a marked inhibition of the pituitary LH response to LH RH measured on the afternoon of expected proestrus, thus indicating that the steroid exerts an inhibitory action at the hypothalamo-pituitary level. The same treatment depressed the increase of uterine weight measured on the expected days of proestrus and estrus. A single dose of 5 µg of RU 16117 at different times of the estrous cycle showed that estrus is the period of maximal sensitivity to the inhibitory action of the steroid. The present data show that the antiestrogen RU 16117 can completely block ovulation and other parameters of the estrous cycle at low doses and that the inhibitory effect of the steroid is followed by a dose-dependent reappearance of normal estrous cycles after cessation of therapy.
Parallel flow to analyze the impact of the voltage regulator model in nanoscale power distribution network (2009)

In this paper, an efficient parallel flow for the design of the full power distribution network (PDN) is proposed. The analysis demonstrates the impact of the voltage regulator model in both frequency and time domain response. Based on the experimental results, it is observed that including the voltage regulator model in the PDN model increases the transient voltage drop and PDN response which need to be considered for nanoscale ICs. The flow is optimized using parallel processing to speedup slow response simulation time of the off chip voltage regulator. The study highlights the power integrity issues related to voltage regulator in broadband frequency ranges. The experimental results show speedup of up to 22 times with single processor and more than 430 times using up to 200 processors compared to HSPICE and other commercial simulators. The PDN simulation time is reduced from hours to less than a minute.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of New Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals. Part 5. Properties of Some Chiral Fluorinated FLCs: A Direct Connection Between Macroscopic Properties and Absolute Configuration in a Fluid Phase. (1989)

Abstract The basic correctness of the "bent cylinder binding site" model for packing in the smectic C* phase and its usefulness for stereochemical assignments are demonstrated.
Solid-state detector and optical system for microchip analyzers (2023)

A miniaturized optical excitation and detector system is described for detecting fluorescently labeled analytes in electrophoretic microchips and microarrays. The system uses miniature integrated components, light collection, optical fluorescence filtering, and an amorphous a-Si:H detector for detection. The collection of light is accomplished with proximity gathering and/or a micro-lens system. Optical filtering is accomplished by integrated optical filters. Detection is accomplished utilizing a-Si:H detectors.
High Accumulation and In Vivo Recycling of the New Antimalarial Albitiazolium Lead to Rapid Parasite Death (2017)

Albitiazolium is the lead compound of bisthiazolium choline analogues and exerts powerful <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antimalarial activities. Here we provide new insight into the fate of albitiazolium <i>in vivo</i> in mice and how it exerts its pharmacological activity. We show that the drug exhibits rapid and potent activity and has very favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Pharmacokinetic studies in <i>Plasmodium vinckei</i>-infected mice indicated that albitiazolium rapidly and specifically accumulates to a great extent (cellular accumulation ratio, >150) in infected erythrocytes. Unexpectedly, plasma concentrations and the area under concentration-time curves increased by 15% and 69% when mice were infected at 0.9% and 8.9% parasitemia, respectively. Albitiazolium that had accumulated in infected erythrocytes and in the spleen was released into the plasma, where it was then available for another round of pharmacological activity. This recycling of the accumulated drug, after the rupture of the infected erythrocytes, likely extends its pharmacological effect. We also established a new viability assay in the <i>P. vinckei</i>-infected mouse model to discriminate between fast- and slow-acting antimalarials. We found that albitiazolium impaired parasite viability in less than 6 and 3 h at the ring and late stages, respectively, while parasite morphology was affected more belatedly. This highlights that viability and morphology are two parameters that can be differentially affected by a drug treatment, an element that should be taken into account when screening new antimalarial drugs.
Open Metal−Organic Framework Containing Cuprate Chains (2005)

A three-dimensional Cu(II) metal-organic framework, copper hydroxide p-pyridinecarboxylate hydrate, [Cu(OH)(C5H4NCO2).H2O], was synthesized by hydrothermally reacting copper nitrate with p-pyridinecarboxylic acid. The crystals were suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which showed that the Cu(II) centers adopt a slightly distorted square pyramidal geometry. They coordinate to both the pyridyl and carboxylate functionalities of the pyridinecarboxylate bridging ligands. Infinite copper oxide chains run through the structure and are connected by p-pyridinecarboxylate (p-PyC) ligands. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 3.5521(2) A, b = 15.8665(11) A, c = 12.9977(9) A, beta = 95.285(2) degrees , and Z = 4. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the guest H2O molecules in the channels may be removed, and the material is stable to ca. 245 degrees C. Magnetic measurements indicated the material has one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnetic ordering within the Cu2+ chains with a Néel temperature of ca. 51 K. Data fitting to the Bonner-Fisher model yielded a coupling constant, J, of -7.3 cm(-1) and g factor of 2.15. The Curie tail below 20 K is due to a small amount of paramagnetic impurities, calculated to be approximately 0.2% in concentration. Further characterization of crystallinity and morphology are discussed, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis, and optical microscopy.
Clarification of Ejection and Sweep in Rectangular Channel Turbulent Flow (2010)

The experimental study has been carried out to investigate the behavior of ejection and sweep events in a rectangular channel turbulent flow. The channel is a 1800 mm long vertical channel with a cross sectional area of 100 mm and 20 mm. The events are studied by obtaining velocity components of the flow by using the ultrasonic measurement method (UVP). This paper clarifies the capability of the UVP for investigating the sweep and ejection events.
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Carbocycles by Cu-Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization of Alkynes with Ketones (2019)

A single-pot Cu-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective tandem hydroboration/borylative cyclization of alkynes with ketones for the synthesis of carbocycles is reported. The reaction proceeds via desymmetrization and generates four contiguous stereocenters, including an all-carbon quaternary center. The method provides rapid access to [6,5]- and [5,5]-bicycles and cyclopentane products. Catalyst-controlled diastereoselectivity by selection of bisphosphine ligand is noted. Utility of the products is demonstrated by site- and chemoselective transformations that afford valuable alkenyl and allyl organoborons.