gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of 2,3,5-F[subscript 3]Y-beta 2 and 3-NH[subscript 2]Y-alpha 2 To Study Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Escherichia coli Ribonucleotide Reductase (2010)

Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase is an α2β2 complex that catalyzes the conversion of nucleoside 5′-diphosphates (NDPs) to deoxynucleotides (dNDPs). The active site for NDP reduction resides in α2, and the essential diferric-tyrosyl radical (Y[subscript 122][superscript •]) cofactor that initiates transfer of the radical to the active site cysteine in α2 (C[subscript 439]), 35 Å removed, is in β2. The oxidation is proposed to involve a hopping mechanism through aromatic amino acids (Y[subscript 122] → W[subscript 48] → Y[subscript 356] in β2 to Y[subscript 731] → Y[subscript 730] → C[subscript 439] in α2) and reversible proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Recently, 2,3,5-F[subscript 3]Y (F[subscript 3]Y) was site-specifically incorporated in place of Y[subscript 356] in β2 and 3-NH[subscript 2]Y (NH[subscript 2]Y) in place of Y[subscript 731] and Y[subscript 730] in α2. A pH−rate profile with F[subscript 3]Y[subscript 356-]β2 suggested that as the pH is elevated, the rate-determining step of RNR can be altered from a conformational change to PCET and that the altered driving force for F[subscript 3]Y oxidation, by residues adjacent to it in the pathway, is responsible for this change. Studies with NH[subscript 2]Y[subscript 731(730)-]α2, β2, CDP, and ATP resulted in detection of NH[subscript 2]Y radical (NH[subscript 2]Y•) intermediates capable of dNDP formation. In this study, the reaction of F[subscript 3]Y[subscript 356-]β2, α2, CDP, and ATP has been examined by stopped-flow (SF) absorption and rapid freeze quench electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and has failed to reveal any radical intermediates. The reaction of F[subscript 3]Y[subscript 356-]β2, CDP, and ATP has also been examined with NH[subscript 2]Y[subscript 731-]α2 (or NH[subscript 2]Y[subscript 730-]α2) by SF kinetics from pH 6.5 to 9.2 and exhibited rate constants for NH[subscript 2]Y• formation that support a change in the rate-limiting step at elevated pH. The results together with kinetic simulations provide a guide for future studies to detect radical intermediates in the pathway.
Tissue Engineering Strategies for Retina Regeneration (2021)

The retina is a complex and fragile photosensitive part of the central nervous system which is prone to degenerative diseases leading to permanent vision loss. No proven treatment strategies exist to treat or reverse the degenerative conditions. Recent investigations demonstrate that cell transplantation therapies to replace the dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and or the degenerating photoreceptors (PRs) are viable options to restore vision. Pluripotent stem cells, retinal progenitor cells, and somatic stem cells are the main cell sources used for cell transplantation therapies. The success of retinal transplantation based on cell suspension injection is hindered by limited cell survival and lack of cellular integration. Recent advances in material science helped to develop strategies to grow cells as intact monolayers or as sheets on biomaterial scaffolds for transplantation into the eyes. Such implants are found to be more promising than the bolus injection approach. Tissue engineering techniques are specifically designed to construct biodegradable or non-degradable polymer scaffolds to grow cells as a monolayer and construct implantable grafts. The engineered cell construct along with the extracellular matrix formed, can hold the cells in place to enable easy survival, better integration, and improved visual function. This article reviews the advances in the use of scaffolds for transplantation studies in animal models and their application in current clinical trials.
Kinetics of the reactions of nitrate radicals with chlorine atoms and chlorine monoxide (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the reactions of nitrate radicals with chlorine atoms and chlorine monoxideR. A. Cox, Martin. Fowles, David. Moulton, and Richard P. WayneCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 12, 3361–3365Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100296a051https://doi.org/10.1021/j100296a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
CoP Nanosheet Arrays Supported on a Ti Plate: An Efficient Cathode for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCoP Nanosheet Arrays Supported on a Ti Plate: An Efficient Cathode for Electrochemical Hydrogen EvolutionZonghua Pu†, Qian Liu†, Ping Jiang‡, Abdullah M. Asiri§∥, Abdullah Y. Obaid§∥, and Xuping Sun*†§∥View Author Information† Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan China‡ College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, Chongqing, China§ ∥ §Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and ∥Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 15, 4326–4329Publication Date (Web):July 17, 2014Publication History Received7 April 2014Revised17 July 2014Published online23 July 2014Published inissue 12 August 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm501273shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm501273srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6876Altmetric-Citations276LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Electrical properties,Electrodes,Evolution reactions,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
The Acute Metabolic Effects Of 'Breaking-up' Prolonged Sitting In Adults (2011)

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that regularly 'breaking up' sedentary (sitting) time, even with short duration, light-intensity activities, is beneficially associated with several cardio-metabolic biomarkers. However, intervention studies are required to better understand this association, and, in particular, to investigate causality. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a single prolonged (7-hour) bout of sitting on post-prandial glucose and insulin levels with a similar duration of sitting combined with intermittent bouts of light-intensity or moderate-intensity activity in 19 overweight/obese adults (age range 45-65 yrs) without diabetes. METHODS: In a randomized Latin-square design trial, each participant completed three 7-hour experimental conditions over three separate weeks: 1) prolonged sitting: reclined position with no activity; 2) prolonged sitting + light-intensity activity: reclined seating interspersed with 2-minute bouts of light-intensity treadmill walking at 3.2 km/hr every 20 minutes; and 3) prolonged sitting + moderate-intensity activity: reclined seating interspersed with 2-minute bouts of moderate-intensity treadmill walking at between 5.8-6.4 km/hr every 20 minutes. A standard test meal (75 g glucose, 50 g fats) was given 2 hours post-baseline measurements, and blood samples were obtained hourly over the remaining 5 hours to calculate the incremental area under the curve (iAUC - Mean ± SEM). GEE models were adjusted for sex, treatment order and pre-prandial values. RESULTS: The glucose iAUC (mmol/l/hr) following both light and moderate-intensity activity conditions was similarly and significantly reduced (light: 15.6 ± 2.9; p=0.002; moderate: 15.1 ± 2.9; p < 0.001) compared to prolonged sitting (17.7 ±3.3). Insulin iAUC (mU/l/hr) was also significantly reduced with both activity conditions (light: 122.6 ± 9.0, p = 0.001; moderate: 122.8 ± 9.1, p = 0.001) compared to prolonged sitting (152.1 ± 11.2). No significant differences were observed between the two activity conditions. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the acute post-prandial glucose and insulin responses during prolonged sitting can be attenuated by intermittent short bouts of either light or moderate-intensity physical activity. Supported by NHMRC Project Grant 540107.
Toward a Replacement of the CIE Color Rendering Index for White Light Sources (2015)

The CIE color rendering (fidelity) index (CRI) has remained unchanged for over four decades. Most, if not all, of its components could be updated to more state-of-the-art methods. One of the most critical components of any color rendering (fidelity) metric is the test sample selection. This article therefore addresses the importance of uniform sampling of wavelength space to avoid selective optimization—that is, taking advantage of the unequal contributions of different wavelength regions to the general color rendering score—of light source spectral power distributions. It summarizes the development of a mathematical sample set with undistorted spectral sensitivity, the HL17 set. The set is used in a recently proposed update, the CRI2012 general color rendering index. To assess the impact of the spectrally uniform sample set on color fidelity scores, the CRI2012 index values for each of a set of 139 lamps were compared with those of the CIE CRI. In addition, the impact of updating the other components was investigated. A mean and maximum absolute difference of respectively 5.9 and 21.8 index units were found between the CRI2012 and CIE CRI, although the largest part—respectively 4.03 and 19.7 index units—was shown to be the result of updating the color difference engine and the switch to the CIE 10° observer. The analysis also indicated possible past spectral selective optimization of some warm-white tri-band fluorescent sources for high luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) and (just) sufficient CIE Ra values by taking advantage of the spectral nonuniformity of the CIE reflectance set. Adopting a spectrally uniform sample set in a color rendering metric therefore has important practical implications when designing light source spectra. Finally, possible updates and further improvements of the CRI2012 are briefly mentioned.
Multiparameter Diagnostic Sensor Measurements in Heart Failure Patients Presenting with SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2021)

Multi-sensor device diagnostics may provide early detection of Cov-19, distinguishable from worsening HF by an extreme and fast rise in respiratory rate along with no changes in S3.
Significance information for translation: air quality data integration (2005)

The management of air quality involves local, state, regional, national, and international organizations. At each level, data are collected and used for analysis, assessment, and regulatory enforcement. Effective air quality management requires coordination among multiple organizations and, therefore, requires integration among their respective data sets. This integration remains a complex IT challenge due to the variety of collection, storage, format, and dissemination methods employed by each organization. In most cases today when organizations need to share data, specialized arrangements and significant manual effort are required to create usable mappings between the data sources. More general methods are required to bridge the gap between representations and organization schemes. We present an interactive web-based demo of our preliminary work adapting the statistical alignment and clustering methods from cross-language statistical machine translation. Using the demo, users can discover new relations and test likely candidate relations between two similar data sources from local and California state air quality management agencies.
Electrocatalysis at oxide-covered metal electrodes (1981)

In total hip arthroplasty extended approach, simplified luxation and improved exposure are the major advantages of trochanteric osteotomy. The main complication of the iatrogenic fracture is the nonunion which has occurred in about 20% of our patients (61 operations, 80% revision procedures). The rate of nonunion decreases using an optimized technique of reattachment, in particular; sufficient thickness of wires and placing of K-wires in the trochanter minor region. However, the bony nonunion has not necessarily an influence of the clinical outcome. Fibrous union provides in most cases satisfactory stability and function. In 3 patients revision surgery was necessary caused by the trochanter osteotomy: 2 suffered from a painful bursitis. In the 3rd case a strong abductor impairment occurred as the result of the trochanteric osteotomy. Refixation of the dislocated trochanter became necessary. Considering the risk of complications trochanteric osteotomy should be for exceptional cases only.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Alkylzinc Reagents to Acyclic Aliphatic Enones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
VPQ: a spoken language interface to large scale directory information (1998)

This paper describes VPQ (Voice Post Query), a dialog system that provides spoken access to the information in the AT&T corporate personnel database (>120,000 entries). An explicit design goal is to have the user’s initial interaction with the system be rather unconstrained and to rely on tighter, prompt constrained, dialog only when absolutely necessary. The purpose of VPQ is both a) to explore and exploit the capabilities of “state of the art” speech recognition systems for this highperplexity task, and b) to develop the natural language understanding and dialog control components necessary for effective and efficient user interactions. The VPQ task spans a wide range of possible dialog scenarios. They range from simple “one-shot” to complex multi-turn interactions. The former correspond to interactions where the initial utterance is unambiguous and the system’s response appropriately terminates the interaction either by providing the desired information or completing a call to the requested person. The more complex interactions occur primarily whenever ambiguities or errors require resolution. Current speech recognition accuracy of 80% is adequate to pursue such an ambitious task. This paper highlights the inherent challenges in such a task, the major components of the system, the rationale for their design, and how they perform. The VPQ project targets a variety of access devices, including telephony, desktop and handheld devices offering multi-modal user interfaces. In this paper we focus on describing the telephony interface.
Integrated triplexer on silicon (2011)

We demonstrate an integrated triplexer on silicon with a compact size of 1mm by 3.5mm. One 1310nm laser and two photodetectors responsive at 1490nm and 1550nm wavelengths are successfully integrated on a silicon-based demultiplexer through a single bonding step, selective area wafer bonding. The 3dB bandwidth of the laser and photodetector are measured to be 2GHz and 16GHz, respectively.
Aero-Thermal Performance of a Nozzle Vane Cascade With a Generic Non Uniform Inlet Flow Condition: Part I — Influence of Non Uniformity Location (2016)

In this paper, the modifications induced by the presence of an inlet flow non uniformity on the aerodynamic performance of a nozzle vane cascade are experimentally assessed. Tests were carried out in a six vane linear cascade whose profile is typical of a first stage nozzle guide vane of a modern heavy duty GT. An obstruction was located in the wind tunnel inlet section to produce a non uniform flow upstream of the leading edge plane. The cascade was tested in an atmospheric wind tunnel at an inlet Mach number Ma1 = 0.12, with a high turbulence intensity (Tu1 = 9%) and variable obstruction tangential and axial positions, as well as tangential extension. The presented results show that an inlet flow non uniformity influences the stagnation point position when it faces the vane leading edge from the suction side. A relevant increase of both 2D and secondary losses are observed when the non uniformity is aligned to the vane leading edge. When it is instead located in between the passage it does not affect the stagnation point location, in the meanwhile allowing a reduction in the secondary loss.
Dataplane Specialization for High-performance OpenFlow Software Switching (2016)

OpenFlow is an amazingly expressive dataplane programming language, but this expressiveness comes at a severe performance price as switches must do excessive packet classification in the fast path. The prevalent OpenFlow software switch architecture is therefore built on flow caching, but this imposes intricate limitations on the workloads that can be supported efficiently and may even open the door to malicious cache overflow attacks. In this paper we argue that instead of enforcing the same universal flow cache semantics to all OpenFlow applications and optimize for the common case, a switch should rather automatically specialize its dataplane piecemeal with respect to the configured workload. We introduce ESwitch, a novel switch architecture that uses on-the-fly template-based code generation to compile any OpenFlow pipeline into efficient machine code, which can then be readily used as fast path. We present a proof-of-concept prototype and we demonstrate on illustrative use cases that ESwitch yields a simpler architecture, superior packet processing speed, improved latency and CPU scalability, and predictable performance. Our prototype can easily scale beyond 100 Gbps on a single Intel blade even with complex OpenFlow pipelines.
Improvement of the impact strength of ethylene‐propylene random copolymers by nucleation (2016)

ABSTRACT Five ethylene‐propylene random copolymers were nucleated with two soluble nucleating agents. Ethylene content changed between 1.7 and 5.3 wt %, while nucleating agent content was adjusted according to the solubility of the additive. It changed from 0 to 5000 ppm for the sorbitol (1,2,3‐tridesoxy‐4,6:5,7‐bis‐O‐[(4‐propylphenyl) methylene]‐nonitol) and from 0 to 500 ppm for the trisamide compound (1,3,5‐benzene‐trisamide) used. Crystalline structure was analyzed in detail by various methods (DSC, XRD, and SEM). Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile and instrumented impact measurements. The results showed that most properties changed moderately upon nucleation, but impact resistance increased considerably. Spherulitic structure was not detected, but instead in the presence of the soluble nucleating agents used a microcrystalline structure formed. The large increase of impact resistance could not be related directly to changes in crystalline morphology. On the other hand, local rearrangement of morphology was detected by XRD and SEM analysis including an increase of lamella thickness, crystal orientation, and the formation of shish‐kebab structures in the core of the injection molded specimens. A small increase in the γ‐phase content of PP was also observed. These changes increased crack propagation energy considerably leading to the large improvement observed in impact resistance. Although the phenomenon could be related to ethylene content, differences in molecular weight also helped to explain the changes observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43823.
dc signal detection via dynamical asymmetry in a nonlinear device (1998)

We study the detection of very small changes in a ``target'' dc signal, using a nonlinear dynamic sensor that is ac biased with a known sinusoidal signal. The sensor's nonlinear response generates harmonics at the odd multiples of the ac bias frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ in the absence of the dc signal, and at all multiples of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ in the presence of the dc signal, with the spectral amplitudes of these harmonics being very sensitive to the dc signal amplitude. For weak ac bias amplitude we use perturbation theory to calculate signal and noise powers at dc, at the fundamental (at frequency $\ensuremath{\omega})$, and at the first harmonic (at frequency $2\ensuremath{\omega}$), from which we can predict the signal detection statistics. We compare these results with numerical simulations for both weak and strong ac bias amplitudes, as well as with results for an optimal detector. As our example nonlinear dynamic sensor, we use an rf superconducting quantum interference device loop.
Femtosecond Dispersion Measurements of 1.3 μm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (2010)

Spectral interferometry is used to measure the dispersion of a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier under various injection current values in the wavelength range of 1200 to 1340 nm, spanning ground and first excited state.
Backside power delivery as a scaling knob for future systems (2019)

Standard cell track height scaling provides us with sufficient area scaling at the standard cell library level. The efficiency of this technique and the complexities involved with this scaling method have been discussed in detail [1,2]. However, the area benefits of standard cell track height scaling diminish when we consider the complexities of incorporating on-chip power grid into the DTCO exploration loop. We have previously outlined several layout techniques to improve the utilization density of this scaling technology [2,4]. However, the proposed techniques only minimize the impact of the power grid on the design. In this work, we discuss the need to combine 3D – &mu;TSV technology and logic technology to decouple the power grid from the design budget. The proposed technique delivers power from the backside of a thinned device wafer using the process steps depicted in Figure 4. Our analysis demonstrates significant area savings and IR-drop reduction. We use SPICE simulations to extract grid resistances as part of our technology targeting process, based upon a high-level on-chip PDN model. We also verify our findings using a commercially available EDA toolchain.