gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS photonic microwave filters for UWB applications (2008)

CMOS electronic photonic integrated circuit provides an important technology for producing ultra wide band signal processors with low cost and high level of integration. Recent developments of CMOS based photonic devices have shown promising results. In this paper we will review and present the RF performances of widely tunable microwave photonic filters fabricated with production CMOS processes.
Polarization aberrations 2 Tilted and decentered optical systems (1994)

In paper 1 [Appl. Opt. 33, this issue (1994)] we examined the polarization aberrations of rotationally symmetric systems. In this paper we extend polarization-aberrration theory to include two types of tilted and decentered systems composed of rotationally symmetric elements. One type is systems with collinear centers of curvatures but with decentered pupils. The symmetry in such systems permits the analysis to proceed along lines similar to those in paper 1. The other type is systems with arbitrary tilts and decenters. In these systems the field dependencies of the aberrations from each surface are not concentric. The extension is made by use of a polarization-aberration matrix with vector, instead of scalar, arguments.
Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker (2014)

A description is provided of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC luminous region and individual primary-interaction vertices. Despite the very hostile environment at the LHC, the performance obtained with these algorithms is found to be excellent. For t events under typical 2011 pileup conditions, the average track-reconstruction efficiency for promptly-produced charged particles with transverse momenta of pT> 0.9GeV is 94% for pseudorapidities of |η| < 0.9 and 85% for 0.9 < |η| < 2.5. The inefficiency is caused mainly by hadrons that undergo nuclear interactions in the tracker material. For isolated muons, the corresponding efficiencies are essentially 100%. For isolated muons of pT= 100GeV emitted at |η| < 1.4, the resolutions are approximately 2.8% in pT, and respectively, 10μm and 30μm in the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters. The position resolution achieved for reconstructed primary vertices that correspond to interesting pp collisions is 10-12μm in each of the three spatial dimensions. The tracking and vertexing software is fast and flexible, and easily adaptable to other functions, such as fast tracking for the trigger, or dedicated tracking for electrons that takes into account bremsstrahlung.
A polymeric bis(di-p-anisylamino)fluorene hole-transport material for stable n-i-p perovskite solar cells (2021)

Half-devices made with a norbornene homopolymer with hole-transporting 2,7-bis(di- p -anisylamino)fluorene side chains exhibit improved light and heat stability in comparison to those incorporating spiro-OMeTAD.
Evidence of Universal Temperature Scaling in Self-Heated Percolating Networks (2016)

During routine operation, electrically percolating nanocomposites are subjected to high voltages, leading to spatially heterogeneous current distribution. The heterogeneity implies localized self-heating that may (self-consistently) reroute the percolation pathways and even irreversibly damage the material. In the absence of experiments that can spatially resolve the current distribution and a nonlinear percolation model suitable to interpret them, one relies on empirical rules and safety factors to engineer these materials. In this paper, we use ultrahigh resolution thermo-reflectance imaging, coupled with a new imaging processing technique, to map the spatial distribution ΔT(x, y; I) and histogram f(ΔT) of temperature rise due to self-heating in two types of 2D networks (percolating and copercolating). Remarkably, we find that the self-heating can be described by a simple two-parameter Weibull distribution, even under voltages high enough to reconfigure the percolation pathways. Given the generality of the phenomenological argument supporting the distribution, other percolating networks are likely to show similar stress distribution in response to sufficiently large stimuli. Furthermore, the spatial evolution of the self-heating of network was investigated by analyzing the spatial distribution and spatial correlation, respectively. An estimation of degree of hotspot clustering reveals a mechanism analogous to crystallization physics. The results should encourage nonlinear generalization of percolation models necessary for predictive engineering of nanocomposite materials.
Hyper-efficient (98%) and super-compact (3.3kW/dm<sup>3</sup>) isolated AC/DC telecom power supply module based on multi-cell converter approach (2014)

In this paper, a multi-cell converter approach for a telecom rectifier module breaking through the efficiency and power density barriers of traditional single-cell converter systems is shown. The potential of the multi-cell approach for high efficiency is derived from fundamental scaling laws of the system performances, such as the losses generated by the semiconductors and the harmonic spectrum, in dependence of the number of converter cells. Furthermore, a comprehensive optimization of the entire system with respect to efficiency and volume has been performed and the applied component loss models are described in detail. The achievable performance of the system is compared to a leading edge state-of-the-art single-cell converter system which currently sets the benchmark in terms of efficiency and power-density. In addition, the degrees of freedom of multi-cell converter systems in terms of converter operation are outlined and optimum control schemes are derived.
High-quality 2D to 3D video conversion based on robust MRF-based object tracking and reliable graph-cut-based contour refinement (2011)

Generation of object-boundary-matched depth map is important to semi-automatic 2D to 3D conversion for high quality perception of converted 3D video. This paper proposes an accurate depth map generation method using an MRF-based initial contour tracking followed by a robust graph-cut-based contour refinement. The proposed MRF-based contour tracking puts a constraint on the variation of angular-radial distance for robust modeling of object motion in the presence of shape deformation. In addition, the proposed contour refinement eliminates ambiguous seeds, which might cause confusion in graph-cut segmentation, resulting in accurate contour in the presence of complex background. Experiment results show the superior tracking performance of the proposed scheme, especially when there is complex background and/or object deformation, indicating the power of the proposed scheme in object-boundary-matched accurate depth map generation.
Une nouvelle forme d'adénomes hypophysaires familiaux : les FIPA-Détection et prise en charge (2011)

peer reviewed
Inference for Generalized Linear Models via Alternating Directions and Bethe Free Energy Minimization (2016)

Generalized linear models, where a random vector x is observed through a noisy, possibly nonlinear, function of a linear transform z = Ax, arise in a range of applications in nonlinear filtering and regression. Approximate message passing (AMP) methods, based on loopy belief propagation, are a promising class of approaches for approximate inference in these models. AMP methods are computationally simple, general, and admit precise analyses with testable conditions for optimality for large i.i.d. transforms A. However, the algorithms can diverge for general A. This paper presents a convergent approach to the generalized AMP (GAMP) algorithm based on direct minimization of a large-system limit approximation of the Bethe free energy (LSL-BFE). The proposed method uses a double-loop procedure, where the outer loop successively linearizes the LSL-BFE and the inner loop minimizes the linearized LSL-BFE using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed method, called ADMM-GAMP, is similar in structure to the original GAMP method, but with an additional least-squares minimization. It is shown that for strictly convex, smooth penalties, ADMM-GAMP is guaranteed to converge to a local minimum of the LSL-BFE, thus providing a convergent alternative to GAMP that is stable under arbitrary transforms. Simulations are also presented that demonstrate the robustness of the method for non-convex penalties as well.
Ionic Liquid-Mediated Route to Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin(II) Oxide via a C–C Bond Cleavage Ligand Modification Mechanism (2022)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technologically important method to grow thin films with high conformality and excellent thickness control from vapor phase precursors. The development of new thermal ALD processes can be limited by precursor reactivity and stability: reaction temperature and precursor design are among the few variables available to achieve higher reactivity in gas-phase reactions, unlike in solution synthesis, where the use of solvent and/or a catalyst can promote a desired reaction. To bridge this synthesis gap between vapor-phase and solution-phase, we demonstrate the use of an ultrathin coating layer of a vapor phase-compatible solvent─an ionic liquid (IL)─on our growth substrate to perform ALD of SnO. Successful SnO deposition is achieved using tin acetylacetonate and water, a process that otherwise would require a stronger counter-reactant such as ozone. The presence of the layer of IL allows a solvent-mediated reaction mechanism to take place on the growth substrate surface. We report a growth per cycle of 0.67 Å/cycle at a deposition temperature of 100 °C in an IL comprising 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate. Characterization of the ALD films confirms the SnO film composition, and <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR are used to probe the solvent-mediated ALD reaction, suggesting a solvent-mediated addition-elimination-type mechanism which breaks a C-C bond in acetylacetonate to form acetone and acetate. Density functional theory calculations show that the IL solvent is beneficial to the proposed solvent-mediated mechanism by lowering the C-C bond cleavage energetics of acetylacetonate compared to the vapor phase. A general class of ligand modification reactions for thermal ALD is thus introduced in this work.
Cross-sectional IgM and IgG profiles in SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)

Disease severity and timing both influence levels of IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, with IgG better for early detection of severe cases but IgM more suited for early detection of milder cases.
Total Synthesis of Swinholide A (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTotal Synthesis of Swinholide AK. C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, A. P. Patron, H. Khatuya, P. K. Richter, and P. BertinatoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12, 3059–3060Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1996Publication History Received15 December 1995Published online27 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja954211thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja954211trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1730Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical synthesis,Molecules,Organic compounds,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Digital robust controller of DC-DC converter using at remote sensing (2009)

If the lines which connect the output terminal of DC-DC converter and the load are long, the voltage actually across load will be changed largely to produce the voltage drops by the impedances of the lines. Then, the terminal which senses the voltage across load is prepared apart from the output terminal of DC-DC converter, and it leads to the load, and the voltage across load is adjusted so that it is not changed largely. This method is called remote sensing. When the lines becomes long, the usual method of adjusting the voltage across load cannot suppress enough the change of it. In this paper, the robust digital controller for suppressing the change of the voltage across load is proposed. Experimental studies using DSP demonstrate that this type of digital controller is effective to suppress it.
Current Developments in Neurology, Part I: Advances in the Pharmacotherapy of Headache, Epilepsy, and Multiple Sclerosis (1996)

When caring for patients with disorders of the central nervous system such as migraine headaches, epilepsy, or MS, clinicians are faced with increasingly complex pharmacotherapeutic options. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies directed toward prevention, reversal, or cure of these diseases are hampered by an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. In this decade of the brain, basic science research combined with difficult but necessary clinical trials may answer some seemingly overwhelming questions for these devastating illnesses.
Power and rate adaptation in IEEE 802.11a wireless LANs (2004)

We present a simple but powerful dynamic link adaptation mechanism for wireless LANs that is compliant with the IEEE 802.11a standard. Using this method, a transmitter is able to estimate the current link quality and, based on this information, to adapt the transmission parameters, namely the transmission data rate or the transmission power level, dynamically. To determine the link quality, the transmitter employs only information that is available locally. Therefore, the proposed method can be implemented without changes or enhancements to the current IEEE 802.11 standard. The efficiency of our method is investigated and evaluated by means of simulations.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Small-Molecule Polθ Inhibitors Provide Safe and Effective Tumor Radiosensitization in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Accompanies Figure 5 (ART899 combined with radiation causes significant tumor growth delay in vivo and is well tolerated)&lt;/p&gt;
Impact of catalysis on the production of the top 50 US commodity chemicals (1994)

Information on each chemical is stored in an accompanying Excel{trademark} 4.0 spreadsheet (``top5Ochem.xcl``). This analysis tool allows the user to make assumptions about process yield improvements and evaluate the corresponding impact on the process and feedstock energy. Many scenarios have been investigated and are reported in the text. If all of the catalytic processes associated with the top 50 chemicals were raised to their maximum process yields, the corresponding process and feedstock energy savings would exceed 0.47 quads per year. More realistic process yield improvements of 1%, 5%, and 10% where possible, would save 0.03, 0.14, and 0.23 quads per year. Many of the commodity chemicals face limitations from both the current catalyst and process. Catalysis is vital, but catalysis alone is not the answer to maximizing energy savings. Integration of catalysis development with process engineering research can lead to significant energy savings during the production of the top 50 chemicals.
Improved approach for proteochemometrics modeling: application to organic compound—amine G protein-coupled receptor interactions (2005)

The model exploited data for the binding of 22 compounds to 31 amine GPCRs, correlating chemical descriptions and cross-descriptions of compounds and receptors to binding affinity using a novel strategy. A highly valid model (q2 = 0.76) was obtained which was further validated by external predictions using data for 10 other entirely independent compounds, yielding the high q2ext = 0.67. Interpretation of the model reveals molecular interactions that govern psychoactive organic amines overall affinity for amine GPCRs, as well as their selectivity for particular amine GPCRs. The new modeling procedure allows us to obtain fully interpretable proteochemometrics models using essentially unlimited number of ligand and protein descriptors.
On Conditional and Compositional Language Model Differentiable Prompting (2023)

Prompts have been shown to be an effective method to adapt a frozen Pretrained Language Model (PLM) to perform well on downstream tasks. Prompts can be represented by a human-engineered word sequence or by a learned continuous embedding. In this work, we investigate conditional and compositional differentiable prompting. We propose a new model, Prompt Production System (ProPS), which learns to transform task instructions or input metadata, into continuous prompts that elicit task-specific outputs from the PLM. Our model uses a modular network structure based on our neural formulation of Production Systems, which allows the model to learn discrete rules -- neural functions that learn to specialize in transforming particular prompt input patterns, making it suitable for compositional transfer learning and few-shot learning. We present extensive empirical and theoretical analysis and show that ProPS consistently surpasses other PLM adaptation techniques, and often improves upon fully fine-tuned models, on compositional generalization tasks, controllable summarization and multilingual translation, while needing fewer trainable parameters.
From Appendage to Crosslinker – Unusual Swelling Behavior in Spiropyran-Modified Hydrogels (2021)

Stimuli-responsive materials typically contain responsive molecular units that couple an external trigger to a defined macroscale response. Ongoing efforts to boost the versatility and complexity of these responses increasingly focus on multi-stimuli-responsive molecular units and crosslinkers, as these bear the potential to impart self-regulatory behaviors building on cooperative effects and feedback mechanisms. Herein, we study a stimuli-responsive platform consisting of polyacrylamide-based hydrogels with well-known multi-responsive spiropyrans covalently bound as pendant groups or ´non-innocent´ crosslinkers. Surprisingly, as compared to their appended counterparts, spiropyran crosslinkers cause up to two-fold larger hydrogel swelling in methylenebisacrylamide-crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels, despite their increased relative crosslinking density. We seek the origin of this unexpected behavior by employing nanoindentation, swelling studies, and UV-vis spectroscopy to study changes in mechanical properties and in spiropyran isomer distribution as a function of solution pH, co-monomer chemistry, and swelling-induced polymer strain. We then estimate the osmotic counterion pressures as a function of spiropyran isomer distribution but find that such pressures alone are insufficient to explain the observed behavior. Charge complexation, cooperative effects between the hydrogel´s mechanics and chemistry, and aggregate formation may all be invoked to explain features of the observed ´non-innocence´ of spiropyran crosslinkers. Taken together, these insights will aid rational implementation of such responsive crosslinkers in materials design and extend the functionality of existing polymeric materials towards more complex and better tunable behaviors.
Continuous N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)‐Mediated Electrochemical Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic C−H Bonds (2018)

Electroorganic chemistry has emerged as an environmentally benign tool for synthetic chemists to achieve efficient transformations that are challenging with traditional reagent-based methods. Continuous flow chemistry brings pharmaceutical industry numerous advantages, but implementing electroorganic synthesis in flow is challenging, especially for electroorganic reactions with coupled electrode reactions and slow chemical reactions. We present a continuous electrolysis system engineered for N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) mediated electrochemical aerobic oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds. First, a cation-exchange membrane prevents the crossover of the NHPI anion from anolyte to catholyte avoiding reductive decomposition of NHPI at the cathode, and enables the usage of a cost-effective reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode instead of a platinum electrode. Second, running the electrochemical flow cell with recycle streams accommodates the inherently slow kinetics of the chemical reaction without phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical self-decomposition at the anode, and allows the usage of gaseous oxygen as co-oxidant.
Photon Energy Upconverting Nanopaper: A Bioinspired Oxygen Protection Strategy (2014)

The development of solid materials which are able to upconvert optical radiation into photons of higher energy is attractive for many applications such as photocatalytic cells and photovoltaic devices. However, to fully exploit triplet-triplet annihilation photon energy upconversion (TTA-UC), oxygen protection is imperative because molecular oxygen is an ultimate quencher of the photon upconversion process. So far, reported solid TTA-UC materials have focused mainly on elastomeric matrices with low barrier properties because the TTA-UC efficiency generally drops significantly in glassy and semicrystalline matrices. To overcome this limit, for example, combine effective and sustainable annihilation upconversion with exhaustive oxygen protection of dyes, we prepare a sustainable solid-state-like material based on nanocellulose. Inspired by the structural buildup of leaves in Nature, we compartmentalize the dyes in the liquid core of nanocellulose-based capsules which are then further embedded in a cellulose nanofibers (NFC) matrix. Using pristine cellulose nanofibers, a sustainable and environmentally friendly functional nanomaterial with ultrahigh barrier properties is achieved. Also, an ensemble of sensitizers and emitter compounds are encapsulated, which allow harvesting of the energy of the whole deep-red sunlight region. The films demonstrate excellent lifetime in synthetic air (20.5/79.5, O2/N2)-even after 1 h operation, the intensity of the TTA-UC signal decreased only 7.8% for the film with 8.8 μm thick NFC coating. The lifetime can be further modulated by the thickness of the protective NFC coating. For comparison, the lifetime of TTA-UC in liquids exposed to air is on the level of seconds to minutes due to fast oxygen quenching.