gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Power Electronics in Automotive Power Generation (2006)

This paper focuses on the use of switched-mode power electronics to enhance the power, efficiency, and transient performance of Lundell alternators. The application of power electronics in conjunction with both the alternator field and armature are explored. It is shown that the combination of a foil field winding and improved field control electronics enable substantial improvements in field packing factor and alternator output power. Likewise, application of switched-mode rectification with a redesigned armature and appropriate controls enable improved alternator power and efficiency. The application and limitation of power electronics to enhance transient performance and load dump suppression are also overviewed.
Effect of isotype on internalization and cytotoxicity of CD19-ricin A immunotoxins. (1994)

We analyzed the effect of isotype variation on effectiveness of B-cell CD19 immunotoxins (IT) by using class switch variants (CLB-B4-IgG1 and CLB-B4-IgG2a) conjugated to ricin A. Notably, IgG1-IT appeared to be approximately 100-fold more potent than IgG2a-IT toward B-cell lines Daudi and KM3. Binding and internalization studies with 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed a higher cellular uptake of IgG1 compared to IgG2a, despite similar binding affinities. Following removal of the Fc part, both mAbs internalized at the same rate as IgG2a, indicating that the Fc part of IgG1 is involved in enhanced cellular uptake. The involvement of Fc gamma RII (CD32) in this process was demonstrated by a decreased cytotoxicity of IgG1-IT (and not IgG2a-IT) in the presence of Fc gamma RII-blocking mAbs AT10 or IV.3. To identify the isoform responsible for this phenomenon, internalization of IgG1 and IgG2a in 11 B-cell lines and malignant B-cells of 8 patients was compared with expression of Fc gamma RII subclasses. In addition to four cell lines (Daudi, KM3, Nalm6, and Raji), the malignant B-cells of two patients showed enhanced uptake of IgG1 relative to IgG2a. Only the Fc gamma RIIa transcript was found in all B-cells. Furthermore, enhanced uptake of IgG1 correlated with rosetting of erythrocytes sensitized with anti-glycophorin A mAb of IgG1 isotype rather than with Fc gamma RIIa membrane expression levels. These data support the idea that functional Fc gamma RIIa is involved in the enhanced IgG1 uptake observed in a subset of B-cells. Our study, therefore, points to an important role for the Fc region of IT in the delivery of cytotoxic effects.
A comprehensive artificial intelligence–enabled electrocardiogram interpretation program (2020)

An AI-ECG algorithm demonstrates high diagnostic performance in comparison to reference cardiologist interpretation of a standard 12-lead ECG. The use of AI-ECG reading tools may permit scalability as ECG acquisition becomes more ubiquitous.
The Utility of Albuterol Nebulized with Heliox during Acute Asthma Exacerbations (2002)

Heliox improves lung deposition of inhaled particles when compared with air or oxygen inhalation. We studied the spirometric effects of albuterol nebulized with heliox during emergency room visits for asthma exacerbations. Forty-five patients were randomized to receive albuterol nebulized with oxygen (control) versus heliox (n = 22 control and 23 heliox subjects). At baseline, demographics, outpatient asthma medications, vital signs, oxygen saturation, and forced expiratory volume in one second were not different between the two groups. Three consecutive albuterol treatments were given to each group. The heliox group had a significantly higher heart rate after albuterol nebulization compared with the control group. Following albuterol Treatment 1, the median change in forced expiratory volume in one second was 14.6% in the control group and 32.4% in the heliox group (p = 0.007). After Treatment 2, the results were 22.7% versus 51.5%, respectively (p = 0.007). After Treatment 3, the results were 26.6% versus 65.1%, respectively (p = 0.016). We conclude that during acute asthma exacerbations, albuterol nebulized with heliox leads to a more significant improvement in spirometry when compared with albuterol nebulized with oxygen. This is likely due to the low-density gas improving albuterol deposition in the distal airways.
Nintedanib in children and adolescents with fibrosing interstitial lung disease: the InPedILD*trial ** (2023)

Background Nintedanib is approved for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in adults. There are no licensed treatments for fibrosing ILD in children and adolescents.
Diffusion-Limited Kinetics of Isovalent Cation Exchange in III–V Nanocrystals Dispersed in Molten Salt Reaction Media (2022)

The goal of this work is to determine the kinetic factors that govern isovalent cation exchange in III-V colloidal quantum dots using molten salts as the solvent and cation source. We focus on the reactions of InP + GaI<sub>3</sub>→ In<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>P and InAs + GaI<sub>3</sub>→ In<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>As to create technologically important ternary III-V phases. We find that the molten salt reaction medium causes the transformation of nearly spherical InP nanocrystals to tetrahedron-shaped In<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>P nanocrystals. Furthermore, we determine that the activation energy for the cation exchange reaction is 0.9 eV for incorporation of Ga into InP and 1.2 eV for incorporation of Ga into InAs, both much lower than the measured values in bulk semiconductors. Next, we use powder XRD simulations to constrain our understanding of the structure of the In<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>P nanocrystals. Together our results reveal several important features of molten salt-mediated cation exchange and provide guidance for future development of these materials.
Synthesis of high specific activity [18F]FDOPA using a synthesizing device with a user-configurable cassette (2016)

1812 Objectives 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) is a useful PET tracer for the evaluation of presynaptic dopaminergic function in diagnosis and research. [18F]FDOPA can be synthesized via electrophilic or nucleophilic routes. In recent years the nucleophilic synthesis route starting from no-career-added 18F has drawn attention of the researchers because of its high specific activity (>50 MBq/nmol), which may visualize presynaptic dopaminergic function in more detail. CFN-MPS200 (MPS200, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Japan) is a PET drug synthesizing device for research use, in which cassettes can be designed and assembled by the user with sequence programming also being open to users, and fluoride-free materials can be used for tubes and connectors. Our previous experiments showed that specific activity of [18F]fluorothymidine (FLT) was >1000 MBq/nmol using fluoride-free materials on MPS200, while it was Methods [18F]FDOPA was synthesized with the known three-pot reaction (B. Shen et al. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2009, 1650-1653) on MPS200 together with a solid extraction unit. The cassette for FDOPA synthesis was designed with compact and efficient routing, and the programs were developed to control the synthesis. Fluoride-free materials, such as silicon tubes and polypropylene connectors, were used for the cassette. After the synthesis of [18F]FDOPA, the product was purified by HPLC and sterilized by filtration. The quality of [18F]FDOPA was tested for conformity to the specifications of our facility. Results The specific activity was 4037 ± 1472 MBq/nmol, which is 100,000 times higher than the synthesis method via electrophilic route, and more than twice the previous reports via nucleophilic routes. This was realized by avoiding fluoride containing materials (e.g. Teflon, PTFE etc.) that would reduce the specific activity of 18F products via 18F-19F exchange. The amount of [18F]FDOPA was 4.9 ± 2.5 GBq at the end of synthesis. The synthesis time was 91 ± 8 min, and the yield was 9.1 ± 2.3% (decay corrected). The radiochemical purify (RCP) was 97 ± 2%, and the enantiomeric excess was 97 ± 3%. It is stable for more than 4 hours at room temperature (RCP >90%). The quality of [18F]FDOPA (e.g. appearance, radiochemical identity, radionuclidic identity, pH, residual solvents, bacterial endotoxin, sterility etc.) all conformed to the quality specifications. This synthesis method was approved for human use by the institutional PET drug committee and IRB, and is now used for clinical research. Conclusions In this study, we created a synthesis method of high specific activity [18F]FDOPA on the synthesizer MPS200 by developing a cassette and programs. The [18F]FDOPA had a high specific activity and sufficient quality and practicability for clinical research use. This new method of cassette and program on MPS200 provides reliable production of high specific activity [18F]FDOPA and may further be potentially developed into a commercial synthesis system.
RiTUAL-UH at SemEval-2017 Task 5: Sentiment Analysis on Financial Data Using Neural Networks (2017)

In this paper, we present our systems for "SemEval-2017 Task-5 on Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis on Financial Microblogs and News". In our system, we combined hand-engineered lexical, sentiment, and metadata features with the representations learned from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) having Attention model applied on top. With this architecture we obtained weighted cosine similarity scores of 0.72 and 0.74 for subtask-1 and subtask-2, respectively. Using the official scoring system, our system ranked in the second place for subtask-2 and in the eighth place for the subtask-1. However, it ranked first in both subtasks when evaluated with an alternate scoring metric 1 .
Immunological characterization of ice nucleation proteins from Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Erwinia herbicola (1988)

Antibodies were raised against the InaW protein, the product of the ice nucleation gene of Pseudomonas fluorescens MS1650, after protein isolation from an Escherichia coli clone. On Western blots (immunoblots), these antibodies recognized InaW protein and InaZ protein (the ice nucleation gene product of Pseudomonas syringae S203), produced by both E. coli clones and the source organisms. The InaZ protein appeared in P. syringae S203 during stationary phase; its appearance was correlated with the appearance of the ice nucleation-active phenotype. In contrast, the InaW protein occurred at relatively constant levels throughout the growth phases of P. fluorescens MS1650; the ice nucleation activity was also constant. Western analyses of membrane preparations of P. syringae PS31 and Erwinia herbicola MS3000 with this antibody revealed proteins which were synthesized with development of the nucleating phenotype. In these species the presence or absence of the nucleating phenotype was controlled by manipulation of culture conditions. In all nucleation-positive cultures examined, cross-reacting low-molecular-weight bands were observed; these bands appeared to be products of proteolytic degradation of ice nucleation proteins. The proteolysis pattern of InaZ protein seen on Western blots showed a periodic pattern of fragment sizes, suggesting a highly repetitive site for protease action. A periodic primary structure is predicted by the DNA sequence of the inaZ gene.
Photothermal Nanoblade for Large Cargo Delivery into Mammalian Cells (2011)

It is difficult to achieve controlled cutting of elastic, mechanically fragile, and rapidly resealing mammalian cell membranes. Here, we report a photothermal nanoblade that utilizes a metallic nanostructure to harvest short laser pulse energy and convert it into a highly localized explosive vapor bubble, which rapidly punctures a lightly contacting cell membrane via high-speed fluidic flows and induced transient shear stress. The cavitation bubble pattern is controlled by the metallic structure configuration and laser pulse duration and energy. Integration of the metallic nanostructure with a micropipet, the nanoblade generates a micrometer-sized membrane access port for delivering highly concentrated cargo (5 × 10(8) live bacteria/mL) with high efficiency (46%) and cell viability (>90%) into mammalian cells. Additional biologic and inanimate cargo over 3-orders of magnitude in size including DNA, RNA, 200 nm polystyrene beads, to 2 μm bacteria have also been delivered into multiple mammalian cell types. Overall, the photothermal nanoblade is a new approach for delivering difficult cargo into mammalian cells.
Expansion of Functional Polyclonal Human T-regulatory Cell Lines Using Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells and Rapamycin. (B159) (2007)

Abstract T-regulatory CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes play a central role in regulating immune response and preventing autoimmunity. There is a broad spectrum of potential clinical applications of expanded T-regs including but not limited to treatments of graft versus host disease, transplant rejection, and type I diabetes. K562 cell line with stable expression of lentivirus-introduced CD64 and CD86 markers (KT64/86) and loaded with anti-CD3 antibodies was used to expand human CD4+CD25 high T lymphocytes. Though in several occasions stimulation of CD4+CD25high cells with KT64/86 only resulted in production of functional T-regulatory cells, only when antibiotic rapamycin was added to the cultures, functional Tregs were produced in 100% of stimulations. These cells were also active in vivo in reversing GVHD in NOG mice. Total CD4 lymphocytes grown in the presence of rapamycin though suppressive in vitro were not able to reverse GVHD in mice. Substitution of CD86 with CD80 resulted in a less potent Tregs. Addition of certain members of TNF receptor family such as CD70, OX40 ligand or 4-1BB ligand to KT64/86 cells, had different effects on expansion of Treg cell lines. While CD70 addition did not show any impact, 4-1BB and OX-40 ligands in most cases stimulated growth of T-regulatory cell lines but at the same time in most cases also attenuated their activity. The project is supported by JDRF Collaborative Center for Cell Therapy grant to C.J.
Embedded Low-Power Dynamic TCAM Architecture with Transparently Scheduled Refresh (2005)

This paper describes a dynamic TCAM architecture with planar complementary capacitors, transparently scheduled refresh (TSR), autonomous power management (APM) and address-input-free writing scheme. The complementary cell structure of the planar dynamic TCAM (PD-TCAM) allows small cell size of 4.79 μm 2 in 130 nm CMOS technology, and realizes stable TCAM operation even with very small storage capacitance. Due to the TSR architecture, the PD-TCAM maintains functional compatibility with a conventional SRAM-based TCAM. The combined effects of the compact PD-TCAM array matrix and the APM technique result in up to 50% reduction of the total power consumption during search operation. In addition, an intelligent address-input-free writing scheme is also introduced to facilitate the PD-TCAM application for the user. Consequentiy the proposed architecture is quite attractive for realizing compact and low-power embedded TCAM macros for the design of system VLSI solutions in the field of networking applications.
The Difficult Balance Between Modern Hardware and Conventional CPUs (2023)

Research has demonstrated the potential of accelerators in a wide range of use cases. However, there is a growing imbalance between modern hardware and the CPUs that submit the workload. Recent studies of GPUs on real systems have shown that many servers are often needed per accelerator to generate a high enough load so the computing power is leveraged. This fact is often ignored in research, although it often determines the actual feasibility and overall efficiency of a deployment. In this paper, we conduct a detailed study of the possible configurations and overall cost efficiency of deploying an FPGA-based accelerator on a commercial search engine. First, we show that there are many possible configurations balancing the upstream system and the way the accelerator is configured. Of these configurations, not all of them are suitable in practice, even if they provide some of the highest throughput. Second, we analyse the cost of a deployment capable of sustaining the required workload of the commercial search engine. We examine deployments both on-premises and in the cloud with and without FPGAs and with different board models. The results show that, while FPGAs have the potential to significantly improve overall performance, the performance imbalance between their host CPUs and the FPGAs can make the deployments economically unattractive. These findings are intended to inform the development and deployment of accelerators by showing what is needed on the CPU side to make them effective and also to provide important insights into their end-to-end integration within existing systems.
Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Demo: mmWave Lens MIMO (2020)

In fifth-generation (5G) communication, the RF lens antenna is introduced with advantages of high antenna gain and low hardware cost in analog/digital hybrid beamforming technology. In this paper, we design and manufacture the appropriate RF lens antenna for mmWave communication identified in simulation analysis and present a real-time mmWave lens MIMO testbed. Furthermore, in conventional phase-shift MIMO, beam-squint, a problem caused by the wideband of mmWave communication, is estimated with the fabricated RF lens antenna.
Novel bitter taste receptor ligands elicit G protein‐dependent negative inotropic effects in mouse heart (LB572) (2014)

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key mediators in cardiovascular physiology, yet frontline therapies for heart disease only target a small fraction of the cardiac GPCR repertoire. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that GPCRs implicated in taste (TIR and T2Rs) have specific functions beyond the oral cavity. Our recent description of these receptors in heart foreshadows a novel role for previously unappreciated cardiac GPCRs. Here, we sought to identify novel ligands for cardiac‐T2Rs and investigate their effects on murine cardiac function ex vivo. Five T2Rs cloned from rat heart, were screened against a panel of 102 natural or synthetic bitter chemicals in a heterologous expression system. After validating putative T2R ligands for receptor and concentration‐dependence, three novel ligands for T2R108, T2R137 and T2R143 were then tested in Langendorff perfused mouse hearts (isolated from 8 week old male C57BL/6 mice). All T2R ligands tested exhibited concentration‐dependent effects on cardiac function. Furthermore, the biphasic change of aortic pressure with sodium benzoate and the ~40% sodium thiocyanate‐mediated decrease in left ventricular developed pressure were both abrogated in the presence of Gαi and Gβγ inhibitors (pertussis toxin, 100 µg/kg i.p. 24 hr prior to isolation and gallein, 10 µM infusion, respectively). This study represents the first demonstration of profound T2R ligand‐induced, G protein‐dependent effects on mouse heart function. Future work will focus on the delineation of specific receptor‐dependent responses of these ligands. Grant Funding Source : Supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1024726) and the National Heart Foundation of Australia (G‐12B‐6532)
Collection and fertilization potential of sperm from the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) (1992)

In this study, semen was obtained by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) from the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra). Three experimental series were conducted. First, semen was collected from four animals anesthetized with either tiletamine-zolazepam (Telazol®) or ket-amine-HCl (Vetalar®) (five collections from each animal with each drug). Because of greater muscle relaxation and analgesia, we found tiletaminezolazepam to be an attractive alternative to ketamine-HCl as an anesthetic agent for RPE in M. nigra. Second, semen was collected from another four animals at stimulation frequencies of either 30 Hz or 60 Hz (five collections from each animal at each frequency). There were no significant differences in sperm number, in percentage of sperm with progressive motility, in the current required for sample recovery between tiletamine-zolazepam or ketamine-HCl anesthesia, or between a 30 Hz or 60 Hz stimulation frequency. Third, to check for retrograde sperm loss, the bladders of four animals were emptied, flushed with sterile saline, and then infused with TALP-Hepes medium. After RPE, sperm numbers in the bladder were compared with those in the ejaculate. Although sperm were recovered from the bladder [1.6 (± 0.9) × 10<sup>6</sup>] (mean ± SEM), the numbers were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those in the ejaculate [49 (± 18) × 10<sup>6</sup>]. The percentage of sperm with normal morphology in these samples was high (96.8 ± 1.0%). The average sperm number in the 84 samples collected for this study was 33.8 (± 4.1) × 10<sup>6</sup>. In preliminary experiments, we found that M. nigra sperm will fertilize rhesus monkey oocytes (Macaca mulatta) in vitro. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Origin and specificity of Foxp3‐expressing regulatory T cells in tuberculosis (2008)

Following aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Foxp3‐expressing regulatory T cells (T regs) proliferate, accumulate at sites of infection, and suppress protective immunity. Here we show that T regs responding during tuberculosis are derived from the population of natural T regs that exist prior to infection. Using TCR transgenic CD4 + T cells specific for an immunodominant Mtb antigen (Ag85B 240–254 /I‐A b ), conversion of effector T cells into Foxp3‐expressing T regs was not observed. However, using a subset of these Mtb‐specific transgenic T cells that co‐express Foxp3, we found that only Mtb‐specific T regs proliferated and accumulated at sites of infection. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of these Mtb‐specific T regs into infected mice resulted in a lower frequency of Mtb‐specific effector CD4 + T cells in the lungs and a higher bacterial load. This suppression was antigen‐specific because these Ag85B‐specific T regs had no effect in mice infected with a strain of Mtb that lacked expression of Ag85B. Our results suggest that natural T regs that are specific for Mtb antigens expand during tuberculosis and regulate immunity. We are currently investigating this idea further by examining the specificity of endogenous T regs in tuberculosis.