gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract C028: The lung pro-thrombotic niche drives cancer-associated thromboembolism and metastasis via extracellular vesicle ITGB2 (2022)

Abstract Thromboembolism (TE) is a common complication in cancer patients and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The incidence of TE varies in different cancer types, with the highest risk in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in advanced-stage and metastatic cancers. Despite the benefits associated with anti-coagulant therapy for symptomatic TE, the prevention of TE still remains an unmet clinical need due to lack of biomarkers predictive of TE risk and the bleeding risk associated with the routine use of anti-coagulants. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) mediate cell-to-cell communication. Cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment release large numbers of sEV into the blood circulation and sEVs have displayed a therapeutic and predictive value in systemic diseases. However, the role of sEVs in cancer-associated TE remains to be investigated. Here we show that sEVs from (pre)metastatic lungs of mice with melanoma, breast, lung, and PDAC induce TE in mice and express high levels of integrin beta 2 (ITGB2), while sEVs from tumor cell lines, primary tumors, or other metastasis-bearing organs did not show any pro-thrombotic properties. A specific subtype of interstitial macrophages infiltrating (pre-)metastatic lungs were the main source of ITGB2+ pro-thrombotic sEVs. Blockade of ITGB2 on lung-derived sEVs, or systemically in mice, prevented EV-induced platelet aggregation and TE, and reduced metastasis. Examination of the mechanisms of ITGB2-induced TE showed that EV-associated ITGB2 interacts directly or through fibrin with different binding partners on platelets, and induce their activation and aggregation. Importantly, we found that levels of ITGB2 on sEVs are elevated in the plasma of PDAC patients prior (&amp;lt;30 days) to TE events in comparison to PDAC patients with no history of TE, and thus might serve as prognostic biomarker of TE. Together, our results provide the first evidence of the establishment of a pro-thrombotic lung niche in PDAC as well as other cancer types. Moreover, we identify EV-associated ITGB2 as a new target for the prevention and/or treatment of TE, as well as a potential “liquid biopsy” analyte for the early stratification of patients at high risk of TE. Citation Format: Serena Lucotti, Yusuke Ogitani, Candia M. Kenific, Linda Bojmar, Michele Cioffi, Pernille Lauritzen, Henrik Molina, Soeren Heissel, Henry B. Lengel, Xiaohong Jing, Haiying Zhang, Irina Matei, Eileen M. O'Reilly, William R. Jarnagin, David Jones, James B. Bussel, David Kelsen, Jacqueline F. Bromberg, Diane M. Simeone, David Lyden. The lung pro-thrombotic niche drives cancer-associated thromboembolism and metastasis via extracellular vesicle ITGB2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C028.
Characterization of Range Sidelobe Modulation Arising from Radar-Embedded Communications (2017)

When information sequences are embedded into radar waveforms by means of coding diversity, the resulting radar emissions then change on a pulse-to-pulse basis during a coherent processing interval (CPI). As such, pulse compression of these different waveforms leads to different sidelobe structures, giving rise to range sidelobe modulation (RSM) of the clutter. The presence of RSM induces a partial loss of coherency after Doppler processing, resulting in residual clutter after cancellation, and hence reduced target visibility. Here the RSM effect is mathematically characterized within a phase-modulated radar-embedded communication framework. A closed-form expression for the expected value of the residual clutter power, referred to as the RSM power, is derived. The RSM power is found to not be dependent on the Doppler frequency or time-bandwidth product, but is a decreasing function of the number of pulses in the CPI and an increasing function of the modulation index. The latter controls the amount of phase shift within the radar pulse due to each communication symbol.
Data from Balancing Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-DLL4 Antibody through Pharmacokinetic Modulation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Although agents targeting Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) have shown great promise for angiogenesis-based cancer therapy, findings in recent studies have raised serious safety concerns. To further evaluate the potential for therapeutic targeting of the DLL4 pathway, we pursued a novel strategy to reduce toxicities related to DLL4 inhibition by modulating the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of an anti-DLL4 antibody.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The F(ab′)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fragment of anti-DLL4 antibody (anti-DLL4 F(ab′)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) was generated and assessed in efficacy and toxicity studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Anti-DLL4 F(ab′)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; enables greater control over the extent and duration of DLL4 inhibition, such that intermittent dosing of anti-DLL4 F(ab′)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; can maintain significant antitumor activity while markedly mitigating known toxicities associated with continuous pathway inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; PK modulation has potentially broad implications for development of antibody-based therapeutics. Our safety studies with anti-DLL4 F(ab′)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; also provide new evidence reinforcing the notion that the DLL4 pathway is extremely sensitive to pharmacologic perturbation, further underscoring the importance of exercising caution to safely harness this potent pathway in humans. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1469–79. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Alginate encapsulation of chitosan nanoparticles: a viable alternative to soluble chemical signaling in definitive endoderm induction of human embryonic stem cells (2016)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are characterized by both their pluripotency and ability to self-renew, rendering them attractive for treatment of degenerative diseases. The cues necessary to induce hESC differentiation to a desired lineage can be categorized as either chemical or biophysical in nature. While chemical cues are used as primary inducers of differentiation, biophysical cues have been found to augment the process. In this regard, we have designed a novel chitosan nanoparticle augmented encapsulated alginate (CNPEA) platform which can not only augment, but induce differentiation of hESCs into the definitive endoderm (DE) lineage in the absence of specific soluble chemical inducers. These endoderm cells were comparable in phenotype with chemically driven DE cells and remained amenable to further maturation into pancreatic lineages. This study demonstrates the feasibility of carefully designed and tailored nanomaterials inducing differentiation, and moreover demonstrating the possibility of replacing growth factors by material cues.
Effects of Medium on the Rate of Energy Dissipation of Flowing Suspension (1980)

Fine particulate CaCO3 (average particle size 0.1μm) was dispersed into 5 polar liquids and the flow behavior of each suspension was observed under the steady shear condition between 10°C and 70°C. To analyze the results, the total rate of energy dissipation of flow, ET, was divided into 3 terms; i.e., the viscous flow energy of the medium, EV, and two terms, EP′ and EP″due to the interaction of flocs. At constant particle concentration, the volume fraction of the floc, ØF, was approximately proportional to η0-0.2, η0 being the medium viscosity, irrespective of the medium species and the temperature. The relative contribution of the energy dissipation EP′+EP″to ET also decreased with increasing η0. The lower the η0, the higher was the relative viscosity. However, with increasing temperature, ET or the apparent viscosity at constant rate of shear decreased for all suspending media. These results suggest that the positive effect of increasing ØF is surmounted by the stronger negative effect of decreasing η0. EP″, represented by the Bingham yield value also decreased with increasing temperature, i.e., with decreasing η0, contributing additionally to the decreasing tendency of ET with temperature.
Outcomes of Resident-versus attending-performed Tube Shunt Surgeries in a United States Residency Program (2017)

Introduction: Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy with increasing global prevalence, necessitating trainees in ophthalmology to be well-trained in the surgical modalities used to manage glaucoma. It is also important to not compromise patient safety and treatment efficacy for training and education. The purpose of our analysis is to compare postoperative outcomes of resident versus (vs.) attending performed tube shunt surgeries (TS).
A 40-channel readout ASIC for ToF-PET (2008)

Future semiconductor based PET detectors will increase the number of channels by about two orders of magnitude compared to current systems. Highly integrated readout electronics measuring all the PET relevant parameters, like position, energy and timing of a gamma-event are thus required. A 40 channel prototype ASIC has been designed, built and characterized. This design contains for each channel a fast discriminator, a high accuracy time stamping unit, a precise, linear charge integrator and an ADC. The design features a low trigger threshold, variable integration time and a fair power consumption. A low deadtime enables the processing of high hit rates, while an intrinsic timing resolution better than 30 ps rms. allows for effective use in ToF systems.
Cooking risk analysis to enhance safety of elderly people in smart kitchen (2015)

Risk analysis during cooking activities enables to build a cooking-safe system in order to enhance safety of elderly people in smart kitchen. The Kitchen is the second place where majority of domestic accidents occur, and in particular the oven presents the most principal reason of fire accidents in the residence. The paper presents insightful cooking risk analysis that permits to determine the pertinent parameters to be monitored and measured during cooking in order to prevent risks. We investigated several cooking experiments, and analyzed the composition of heated cooking materials, the concentrations of gases in the cooking smoke, and humidity. The pertinent parameters determined in this paper are: concentrations of gases in the cooking smoke, ambient temperature, utensil temperature, burner temperature, relative humidity, and presence of an object on burner.
Supplementary Data from <i>BRCA1</i> Promoter Methylation Is Linked to Defective Homologous Recombination Repair and Elevated <i>miR-155</i> to Disrupt Myeloid Differentiation in Myeloid Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 shows the BRCA1 qMSP results of samples assayed for HR status&lt;/p&gt;
Reconstruction of Depth Scenes Based on Echolocation (2023)

In the field of robotics, scene understanding has been studied mainly by vision-based processing using RGB sensors such as cameras and LiDAR, depth sensors, or both. However, these sensors are difficult to use in human living spaces due to issues such as privacy and impact on the human body. In this paper, we propose a new framework for echolocation-based scene reconstruction with mixed inputs called Mixed ELSR. The problem of audible sound, which is easily affected by environmental noise, is solved by considering the characteristics of the input sound and integrating it with deep learning techniques. We have conducted experiments of recording data in real space and have shown the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Proceedings 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2001)

Welcome to the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC). Since last held in Orlando nearly two decades ago, ACSAC continues to be recognized as one of the leading security events in the world, and is one of the longest-running events in the field. Our unique blend of learning and networking, with equal participation from industry, government, and academia, has served as a forum for groundbreaking new work as well as fostered discussion on immediately applicable security techniques.

Every year, ACSAC receives hundreds of submissions from around the world. The technical papers are peer-reviewed by leading experts in the security field in a double-blind process to ensure fairness, and the very best are accepted for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings. Leading this effort for 2011 is program chair John McDermott along with co-chair Michael Locasto, both of whom have done an outstanding job to ensure a quality program across a diverse range of security topics - from social network security and applied cryptography to situational awareness and mobile security.
Impedance-matching analysis in IR leaky-wave antennas (2015)

Planar leaky-wave antennas (LWA) that are capable of full-space scanning have long since been the pursuit for applications including, but not limited to, integration onto vehicles and into cameras for wide-angle of view beam-steering. Such a leaky-wave surface (LWS) was designed for long-wave infrared frequencies with frequency scanning capability. The LWS is based on a microstrip patch array design of a leaky-wave impedance surface and is made up of gold microstrip patches on a grounded zinc sulphide substrate. A 1D composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial made by periodically stacking a unit cell of the LWS in the longitudinal direction to form a LWA was designed. This paper deals with loading the LWA with a nickel bolometer to collect leaky-wave signals. The LWA radiates a backward leaking wave at 30 degrees at 28.3THz and scans through broadside for frequencies 20THz through 40THz. The paper deals with effectively placing the bolometer in order for the collected signal to exhibit the designed frequency regime. An effective way to maximize the power coupling into the load from the antenna is also explored. The benefit of such a metamaterial/holographic antennacoupled detector is its ability to provide appreciable capture cross-sections while delivering smart signals to subwavelength sized detectors. Due to their high-gain, low-profile, fast response time of the detector and ease of fabrication, this IR LWA-coupled bolometer harbors great potential in the areas of high resolution, uncooled, infrared imaging.
How to debug inclusivity bugs? (2022)

Although some previous research has found ways to find inclusivity bugs (biases in software that introduce inequities), little attention has been paid to how to go about fixing such bugs. Without a process to move from finding to fixing, acting upon such findings is an ad-hoc activity, at the mercy of the skills of each individual developer. To address this gap, we created Why/Where/Fix, a systematic inclusivity debugging process whose inclusivity fault localization harnesses Information Architecture(IA)---the way user-facing information is organized, structured and labeled. We then conducted a multi-stage qualitative empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of Why/Where/Fix, using an Open Source Software (OSS) project's infrastructure as our setting. In our study, the OSS project team used the Why/Where/Fix process to find inclusivity bugs, localize the IA faults behind them, and then fix the IA to remove the inclusivity bugs they had found. Our results showed that using Why/Where/Fix reduced the number of inclusivity bugs that OSS newcomer participants experienced by 90%.
High-level expression of Escherichia coli NADPH-sulfite reductase: requirement for a cloned cysG plasmid to overcome limiting siroheme cofactor (1991)

The flavoprotein and hemoprotein components of Escherichia coli B NADPH-sulfite reductase are encoded by cysJ and cysI, respectively. Plasmids containing these two genes overexpressed flavoprotein catalytic activity and apohemoprotein by 13- to 35-fold, but NADPH-sulfite reductase holoenzyme activity was increased only 3-fold. Maximum overexpression of holoenzyme activity was achieved by the inclusion in such plasmids of Salmonella typhimurium cysG, which encodes a uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase required for the synthesis of siroheme, a cofactor for the hemoprotein. Thus, cofactor deficiency, in this case siroheme, can limit overexpression of a cloned enzyme. Catalytically active holoenzyme accounted for 10% of total soluble protein in a host containing cloned cysJ, cysI, and cysG. A 5.3-kb DNA fragment containing S. typhimurium cysG was sequenced, and the open reading frame corresponding to cysG was identified by subcloning and by identifying plasmid-encoded peptides in maxicells. Comparison with the sequence reported for the E. coli cysG region (J. A. Cole, unpublished data; GenBank sequence ECONIRBC) indicates a gene order of nirB-nirC-cysG in the cloned S. typhimurium fragment. In addition, two open reading frames of unknown identity were found immediately downstream of cysG. One of these contains 11 direct repeats of 33 nucleotides each, which correspond to the consensus amino acid sequence Asp-Asp-Val-Thr-Pro-Pro-Asp-Asp-Ser-Gly-Asp.
Pulse laser assisted MOVPE for InGaN with high indium content (2004)

In0.53Ga0.47N film was grown at 600 °C by Nd:YAG pulse laser assisted MOVPE. The optical and structural properties of the film were compared with that grown without laser assistance at the same condition. The results of XRD measurements showed that the crystallinity of the film grown with laser was better than that of the one grown without laser. The surface morphology and cross-sectional SEM image of the film grown with laser revealed that there were no In droplets on the film. The band-edge emission of the film grown with laser at room temperature and 77 K was observed at 840 nm. The results of micro-Raman measurement showed that the film grown with laser had better crystalline structure than that of the film grown without laser and the radiative recombination which contributed to photoluminescence mainly occurred at In0.53Ga0.47N region. Those results imply that pulse laser enhances the surface migration and reaction of elements in spite of low-growth temperature. We suggest that pulse laser assisted technique is effective for low-temperature growth of InGaN with high indium content. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pupillometry, a bioengineering overview (1981)

The pupillary control system is examined using a microprocessor based integrative pupillometer. The real time software functions of the microprocessor include: data collection, stimulus generation and area to diameter conversion. Results of an analysis of linear and nonlinear phenomena are presented.
Exercise Training Mitigates Multisystem Deconditioning during Bed Rest (2018)

This is the first trial to evaluate multisystem deconditioning and the role of an integrated exercise countermeasure. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of exercise-based countermeasures on future long-duration spaceflight missions.
Fast three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight MR angiography of the intracranial vasculature (1995)

Magnetic resonance angiography is most commonly performed with the three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) technique. As currently practiced, this requires long image acquisition times (5-10 minutes). The authors show that the acquisition time of 3D TOF images can be reduced to less than 1 minute by using a very short TR (< 10 msec). Under normal flow conditions, the major vessels of the circle of Willis were consistently well demonstrated on these fast 3D TOF images. Signal saturation was observed in studies of patients with abnormal blood flow. In those cases, it was demonstrated that serial acquisition of fast 3D TOF data during and after contrast agent administration could be used to overcome the saturation effects. Time-resolved fast 3D TOF imaging during and after contrast agent administration can also provide qualitative assessment of flow and may depict other features that cannot be observed in TOF studies with long imaging times.
Adaptive optics correction of specimen-induced aberrations in single-molecule switching microscopy (2015)

Single-molecule switching (SMS) microscopy is a super-resolution method capable of producing images with resolutions far exceeding that of the classical diffraction limit. However, like all optical microscopes, SMS microscopes are sensitive to, and often limited by, specimen-induced aberrations. Adaptive optics (AO) has proven beneficial in a range of microscopes to overcome the limitations caused by aberrations. We report here on new AO methods for SMS microscopy that enable the feedback correction of specimen-induced aberrations. The benefits are demonstrated through two-dimensional and three-dimensional STORM imaging. We expect that this advance will broaden the scope of SMS microscopy by enabling deep-cell and tissue-level imaging.
Anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal induced by surface grooves: A numerical study (2008)

To examine the anchoring energy of a surface with one-dimensional grooves of sinusoidal shape, we carry out numerical calculation of the Frank elastic energy of a nematic cell composed of such a grooved surface and a flat surface. We evaluate the anchoring energy of the grooved surface by carefully eliminating the contribution from a uniform twist deformation in the bulk. When qA < or = 0.2 , with q and A being the wave number and the amplitude of the surface groove, we find that the azimuthal-angle dependence of the calculated anchoring energy agrees perfectly with our previous analytical result under the assumption of qA<< 1[Fukuda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 187803 (2007); 99, 139902(E) (2007)]. Even when qA approximately 0.6 or 1, we observe an unexpectedly good agreement between the calculated and the analytical anchoring energies, indicating the wide applicability of the analytical anchoring energy in spite of the assumption of qA<<1 in its derivation.
Local observation of the absolute phase of a microwave field (2004)

We describe a new single-atom nonlinear optics experiment based on self-interference between the positive and negative frequency components of a microwave field, where absolute-phase at an atom's position can be measured in the atomic population.