gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐mediated delivery of flexibility‐tunable polymer drug conjugates for treating glioblastoma (2022)

Effective chemotherapy delivery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is limited by drug transport across the blood-brain barrier and poor efficacy of single agents. Polymer-drug conjugates can be used to deliver drug combinations with a ratiometric dosing. However, the behaviors and effectiveness of this system have never been well investigated in GBM models. Here, we report flexible conjugates of hyaluronic acid (HA) with camptothecin (CPT) and doxorubicin (DOX) delivered into the brain using focused ultrasound (FUS). In vitro toxicity assays reveal that DOX-CPT exhibited synergistic action against GBM in a ratio-dependent manner when delivered as HA conjugates. FUS is employed to improve penetration of DOX-HA-CPT conjugates into the brain in vivo in a murine GBM model. Small-angle x-ray scattering characterizations of the conjugates show that the DOX:CPT ratio affects the polymer chain flexibility. Conjugates with the highest flexibility yield the highest efficacy in treating mouse GBM in vivo. Our results demonstrate the association of FUS-enhanced delivery of combination chemotherapy and the drug-ratio-dependent flexibility of the HA conjugates. Drug ratio in the polymer nanocomplex may thus be employed as a key factor to modulate FUS drug delivery efficiency via controlling the polymer flexibility. Our characterizations also highlight the significance of understanding the flexibility of drug carriers in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery systems.
<i>In vivo</i> Toxicity Assessment of Refined Red Palm-pressed Mesocarp Olein in Sprague-Dawley Rats (2021)

Refined red palm-pressed mesocarp olein (PPMO) is recovered from palm-pressed mesocarp fiber, which is a by-product from palm oil mill. Its utilization in food industry is extremely limited even though it contains various phytonutrients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate its toxicity effects by using the male Sprague-Dawley rat model. The rats were administered with a single dose of 2 g/kg PPMO in an acute toxicity study while administered with 2, 1, or 0.5 g/kg PPMO daily for 28 days in a sub-chronic toxicity study. The mortality, oral LD<sub>50</sub> value, clinical observation, body and organ weight, hematological and biochemical analyses, pathological and histopathological examinations were assessed. The overall outcomes indicated that PPMO is non-toxic up to 2 g/kg and considered safe to be used in food application, especially as functional food ingredient and supplement attributed to its phytonutrients. Besides, this study provides an insight in alternative utilization of the wastes from palm oil mill.
High oxidation state monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltungsten methyl complexes including the first d0 complex containing a highly distorted methylene ligand, W(.eta.5-C5Me5)(CH3)3(CH2) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh oxidation state monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltungsten methyl complexes including the first d0 complex containing a highly distorted methylene ligand, W(.eta.5-C5Me5)(CH3)3(CH2)A. H. Liu, R. C. Murray, J. C. Dewan, B. D. Santarsiero, and R. R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 14, 4282–4291Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00248a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00248a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
On Characterizing the Capacity of Neural Networks using Algebraic Topology (2018)

The learnability of different neural architectures can be characterized directly by computable measures of data complexity. In this paper, we reframe the problem of architecture selection as understanding how data determines the most expressive and generalizable architectures suited to that data, beyond inductive bias. After suggesting algebraic topology as a measure for data complexity, we show that the power of a network to express the topological complexity of a dataset in its decision region is a strictly limiting factor in its ability to generalize. We then provide the first empirical characterization of the topological capacity of neural networks. Our empirical analysis shows that at every level of dataset complexity, neural networks exhibit topological phase transitions. This observation allowed us to connect existing theory to empirically driven conjectures on the choice of architectures for fully-connected neural networks.
On OFDM link performance under receiver phase noise with arbitrary spectral shape (2011)

This article addresses the signal distortion caused by receiver phase noise (PN) on OFDM waveforms in direct-conversion radio receivers. A closed-form solution for the observed signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is derived, describing the level of intercarrier interference (ICI) stemming from PN. Compared to existing literature, the analysis is valid for arbitrary oscillator spectral shape, the only assumption being that reasonably small phase noise values are observed. The analysis results can be used to derive practical circuit-level oscillator design criteria in terms of the allowable PN spectral density. The applicability and validity of the derived analysis are verified with extensive computer simulations.
Cytochrome P450 2J2 is protective against global cerebral ischemia in transgenic mice (2020)

Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (EETs) have multiple cardiovascular effects, including reduction of blood pressure, protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and attenuation of endothelial inflammation and apoptosis. The present study was aimed to determine potential neuroprotective roles for EETs in cerebral ischemia.
New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1: Structure, Inhibitors and Detection of Producers (2016)

Since its discovery in 2008, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have disseminated globally, facilitated predominantly by gut colonization and the spread of plasmids carrying the bla NDM-1 gene. With few effective antibiotics against NDM-1 producers, and resistance developing to those which remain, there is an urgent need to develop new treatments. To date, most drug design in this area has been focused on developing an NDM-1 inhibitor and has been aided by the wealth of structural and mechanistic information available from high resolution x-ray crystallography and molecular modeling. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the detection of NDM-1 producers, the mechanism of action of NDM-1 and to highlight recent attempts toward the development of clinically useful inhibitors.
O7 A bispecific VHH approach to leverage the potent and widely applicable tumor cytolytic capacity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (2020)

<h3></h3> Vγ9Vδ2-T cells include a unique and potent subset of T cells which play an important role in tumor defense. Vγ9Vδ2-T cells recognize and can lyse butyrophilin 3A1-expressing target cells with elevated levels of non-peptide phosphoantigens (pAg), induced by cell stress or malignancy. To date, Vγ9Vδ2-T cell based cancer immunotherapeutic approaches were well tolerated and in some cases capable of inducing relevant clinical responses. In an effort to improve the efficacy and consistency of Vγ9Vδ2-T cell based cancer immunotherapy, we designed a bispecific VHH that binds to both Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and EGFR expressed by tumor cells and results in the target-specific activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and subsequent lysis of colorectal cancer cell lines and primary colorectal cancer samples both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. Of note, tumor cell lysis was independent of mutations in KRAS and BRAF that are known to impair the efficacy of clinically registered anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies as well as common Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor sequence variations. In combination with the conserved monomorphic nature of the Vγ9Vδ2-TCR and the facile replacement of the tumor-specific VHH, this immunotherapeutic approach can in principle be applied to a large group of cancer types. <h3>Disclosure Information</h3> <b>L.A. King:</b> None. <b>R. Lameris:</b> None. <b>R.C. Roovers:</b> None. <b>P. Parren:</b> None. <b>T.D. de Gruijl:</b> None. <b>H.J. van der Vliet:</b> None.
Force-Sensing Scheme for Small Mechanical Signals in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Microelectromechanical System Fingerprint Sensor (2005)

This paper proposes a force-sensing scheme with a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structure and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) amplifier for small pixels where the force from the ridges of a finger surface is detected. The MEMS structure features T-shaped protrusions on parallel electrodes facing each other and converts mechanical signals of force into electrical signals of capacitance change most efficiently. The CMOS amplifier extracts the capacitance change distinguished from the original capacitance. Calculations and measurements of the fabricated sensors show that the new MEMS structure in small 50-µm-square pixels can produce as large a capacitance change as 2 fF with a force of 1200 µN/pixel, which corresponds to about 0.5 MPa of finger pressure. The CMOS amplifier cancels out the original capacitance and converts the capacitance change of 2 fF into an output voltage change of about 0.1 V. Thus, the force-sensing scheme totally enhances the sensitivity of the CMOS MEMS fingerprint sensors regardless of the small size of the pixels.
Controlling What We Can Control (2004)

While there is sometimes a feeling of hopelessness when we are asked to solve a herd problem involving "occult" loss of pregnancies, there are a few things we as veterinarians can do to reduce the risk of embryonic and fetal losses. For many infectious causes of pregnancy attrition, there are vaccines of various safety and efficacy. Some of them are effective because elegant research on host-pathogen interactions has pointed the way to exquisitely specific and effective antigens and adjuvants; some are effective in spite of a lack of such information; and a few are not particularly effective. But not all pregnancy losses are the direct result of fetal infections. This paper will attempt to address the increasingly long list of causes of pregnancy disruption in cattle, and to point out some preventive measures reported to be effective, or in the case of some as yet unproven interventions, at least make pathophysiologic sense. Topics will include measures to diminish the impact of non-infectious causes of pregnancy disruption (trauma, heat stress, twinning, plant and other ingested toxins); a few infectious causes where preventive intervention is likely to pay off (e.g. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) venereal campylobacteriosis, leptospirosis); some "iffy"areas where the payoff is not as certain; and a discussion of the expectations of a vaccine against any reproductive pathogen. A brief mention will be made of some current thinking on efforts to reduce early pregnancy loss through nutritional management of dairy cows.
Brain Imaging Studies on the Cognitive, Pharmacological and Neurobiological Effects of Cannabis in Humans: Evidence from Studies of Adult Users (2016)

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. Regular cannabis use has been associated with a range of acute and chronic mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive impairments and their neural mechanisms need to be examined. This review summarizes and critically evaluates brain-imaging studies of cannabis in recreational and regular cannabis users between January 2000 and January 2016. The search has yielded eligible 103 structural and functional studies. Regular use of cannabis results in volumetric, gray matter and white matter structural changes in the brain, in particular in the hippocampus and the amygdala. Regular use of cannabis affects cognitive processes such as attention, memory, inhibitory control, decision-making, emotional processing, social cognition and their associated brain areas. There is evidence that regular cannabis use leads to altered neural function during attention and working memory and that recruitment of activity in additional brain regions can compensate for it. Similar to other drugs of abuse, cannabis cues activated areas in the reward pathway. Pharmacological studies showed a modest increase in human striatal dopamine transmission after administration of THC in healthy volunteers. Regular cannabis use resulted in reduced dopamine transporter occupancy and reduced dopamine synthesis but not in reduced striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy compared with healthy control participants. Studies also showed different effects of Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on emotion, cognition and associated brain regions in healthy volunteers, whereby CBD protects against the psychoactive effects of THC. Brain imaging studies using selective high-affinity radioligands for the imaging of cannabinoid CB1 receptor availability in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) showed downregulation of CB1 in regular users of cannabis. In conclusion, regular use of the cannabinoids exerts structural and functional changes in the human brain. These changes have profound implications for our understanding of the neuropharmacology of cannabis and its effects on cognition, mental health and the brain.
Exploratory Analysis of Single-Gene Predictive Biomarkers in HERA DASL Cohort Reveals That C8A mRNA Expression Is Prognostic of Outcome and Predictive of Benefit of Trastuzumab (2018)

C8A as a single-gene biomarker prognostic of DFS and predictive of a benefit from trastuzumab has the potential to improve the standard of care in HER2+ breast cancer if validated by additional studies. Understanding the advantage of overexpression of C8A related to the innate immune response can give insight into the mechanisms that drive cancer.
In silico vox: Towards speech recognition in silicon (2006)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on Carnegie Mellon University's In Silico Vox speech recognition in silicon Project. Some of the specific topics discussed include: current speech recognition technologies; the special features and voice commuication capabilities of the In Silico Project; graphics engines; next generation speech recognition applications; how speech recognition works; acoustical capabilities; layered speech models; software design and implementation; pipelining facilities; an FPGA demonstration and experimental results.
Molecular mechanisms of IL-33–mediated stromal interactions in cancer metastasis (2018)

Molecular mechanisms underlying the cancer stroma in metastasis need further exploration. Here, we discovered that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) produced high levels of IL-33 that acted on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), causing them to undergo the M1 to M2 transition. Genomic profiling of metastasis-related genes in the IL-33-stimulated TAMs showed a >200-fold increase of MMP9. Signaling analysis demonstrated the IL-33-ST2-NF-κB-MMP9-laminin pathway that governed tumor stroma-mediated metastasis. In mouse and human fibroblast-rich pancreatic cancers, genetic deletion of IL-33, ST2, or MMP9 markedly blocked metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB and MMP9 also blocked cancer metastasis. Deletion of IL-33, ST2, or MMP9 restored laminin, a key basement membrane component associated with tumor microvessels. Together, our data provide mechanistic insights on the IL-33-NF-κB-MMP9-laminin axis that mediates the CAF-TAM-committed cancer metastasis. Thus, targeting the CAF-TAM-vessel axis provides an outstanding therapeutic opportunity for cancer treatment.
Carbon-Coated Tellurium for Optical Data Storage (2010)

A highly durable optical disk has been developed for data archiving. This optical disk uses tellurium as the write layer and carbon as a dielectric and oxidation prevention layer. The sandwich style CTeC film was deposited on polycarbonate and silicon substrates by plasma sputtering. These films were then characterized with AFM, SEM, TEM, EELS, and ellipsometry and were tested for writability and longevity. Results show the films were uniform in physical structure, stable, and able to form permanent pits. Data was written to a disk and successfully read back in a commercial DVD drive.
Evaluation of the effect of statin use on the acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon maintenance dose (2012)

Mean acenocoumarol maintenance dosages were decreased when acenocoumarol is co-administered with the different statins. Statin use does not affect phenprocoumon maintenance doses significantly.
Concentration polarization of ox-LDL activates autophagy and apoptosis via regulating LOX-1expression (2013)

Here we demonstrate that "concentration polarization" of ox-LDL enhances LOX-1 expression and ox-LDL uptake. It damages cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and activates LOX-1 dependent autophagy and apoptosis. We also show that ox-LDL concentration polarization occurs on the surface of rabbit thoracic aorta and induces autophagy and apoptosis. In order to investigate the significance of swirling flow on LOX-1 expression, HSPG damage, autophagy and apoptosis in the arterial system, an ex vivo model of swirling flow was developed. We observed that swirling flow decreases relative wall concentration of ox-LDL, inhibits LOX-1 expression, protects HSPG from damage, and decreases both autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that ox-LDL concentration polarization plays an important role in the localization of atherosclerotic lesions concomitant with LOX-1 dependent autophagy and apoptosis. These observations also suggest a novel mechanism by which swirling flow in the arterial system protects arterial wall from atherogenesis.
Soybean lipoxygenase is active on nonaqueous media at low moisture: a constraint to xerophilic fungi and aflatoxins? (1998)

Abstract Previous workers have reported that certain products of the lipoxygenase pathway are detrimental either to the development and growth of Aspergillus species or to aflatoxin production by these organisms. Since Aspergillus often thrives on “dry” stored grains, depending on the level of the relative humidity, we sought to determine if lipoxygenase could catalyze the oxidation of linoleic acid on these “dry” substrates equilibrated at various relative humidities. A desiccated model system, previously adjusted to pH 7.5, was composed of soybean extract, linoleic acid, and cellulose carrier. The model system was incubated for up to 24 h at four relative humidities ranging between 52 and 95% to determine the extent of oxidation catalyzed by lipoxygenase, compared with heat‐inactivated controls. Oxidation in the active samples was much greater than in the controls at all relative humidities, and oxidation was principally enzymatic as demonstrated by chiral analysis of the linoleate hydroperoxides formed. The main product was 13 S ‐hydroperoxy‐9 Z ,11 E ‐octadecadienoic acid, accompanied by a significant percentage of 9 S ‐hydroperoxy‐10 E ,12 Z ‐octadecadienoic acid. Since the products became more racemic with time of incubation, autoxidation appeared to be initiated by the lipoxygenase reaction in dry media. Additionally, the biological relevance of lipoxygenase activity was tested under these xerophilic conditions. Thus, enzyme‐active and heat‐inactivated defatted soy flour amended either with or without 3.5% by weight linoleic acid was inoculated with fungal spores and incubated at 95% relative humidity. Although fungal growth occurred on all treatments, samples inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus showed significantly less aflatoxin in the enzyme‐active samples, compared to inactivated flour. Addition of linoleic acid had little effect, possibly because the defatted soy flour was found to contain 1.7% residual linoleic acid as glyceride lipid.
Design of radio frequency passive polyphase filter for 2.4 GHz wireless communication applications (2009)

Polyphase filters are an efficient solution for high image rejection and great accuracy quadrature generation in radio frequency (RF) receivers. Analytical modeling of passive polyphase filter suitable for RF front-end applications operating in 2.4 GHz frequency band is dealt with. This analytical analysis has been used to calibrate the optimal values of passive components in order to obtain the maximum image rejection ratio (IRR). Component matching techniques has been taken into account during the layout process. Tunable RC polyphase network has been fabricated in 0.13-mum CMOS technology.
A Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching Current Resonant Converter with Rectifiers' Deadtime Technique Operated in 10MHz Range (1997)

A novel zero-voltage-switching current resonant converter is presented. The Rectifiers' Deadtime Technique proposed in this paper enables this converter to achieve zero-voltage-switching on all semiconductor devices including rectifier diodes in any load range and to operate from full load to no load within a high and narrow frequency range. The circuit operation is analyzed and it is verified experimentally by two converters designed for 1MHz and 10MHz switching frequency operation. In the experiments, the zero-voltage-switching is achieved in even light and no load and the maximum efficiency of 93.5% at the 1MHz-class converter and that of 85.2% at the 10MHz-class is realized.
Optimal Sizing and Tuning of Storage Capacity for Fast Frequency Control in Low-Inertia Systems (2019)

This paper presents a novel approach for combined sizing of the DC-side storage capacity and tuning of controller gains of grid-forming converters, which accounts for the coupling between installation planning and operation parameters of the storage unit. Furthermore, it ensures sufficient energy and power capacity for containing a predefined active power imbalance and preserving frequency within prescribed limits. For this purpose, the analytic expressions of relevant system frequency metrics as well as the energy utilization of the associated converter storage unit are incorporated into a non-convex optimization problem, which is then simplified by constructing and utilizing linear approximations of some of the nonlinear constraints. As a result, the optimal installed power/energy capacity can be determined, together with the virtual inertia and damping gains of the associated converter control scheme. Finally, time-domain simulations validate the accuracy of the proposed approach.