gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota: impacts on gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy (2021)

The association of gut microbiota with gastrointestinal carcinogenesis has been heavily investigated since the recent advance in sequencing technology. Accumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of commensal microbes in cancer progression. Given by its importance, emerging studies have focussed on targeting microbiota to ameliorate therapeutic effectiveness. It is now clear that the microbial community is closely related to the efficacy of chemotherapy, while the correlation of microbiota with immunotherapy is much less studied. Herein, we review the up-to-date findings on the influence of gut microbiota on three common immunotherapies including adoptive cell transfer, immune checkpoint blockade, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide therapy. We then explore three microbiota-targeted strategies that may improve treatment efficacy, involving dietary intervention, probiotics supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
Silicon dioxide microneedles for transdermal drug delivery (2008)

In this work, the fabrication of a silicon chip for transdermal drug delivery is reported. The chip consists of: 1) an array of high-aspect ratio (up to 50), high density (1 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> needles/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), silicon-dioxide hollow microneedles to be inserted into the outermost part of the skin for a depth of about 100 micron (front-side); 2) some independent drug reservoirs (each one with a volume of about 1 microliter) on the back-side, connected to the needles. The needle fabrication was performed by exploiting an electrochemical micromachining (ECM) technology which offers a number of advantages with respect to both traditional dry (RIE, DRIE) and wet (KOH, TMAH) etching processes. The high flexibility, high reliability and, most important, low cost of the ECM technology yield the proposed approach very attractive for the mass production of the chip.
Repetition Rate Requirements for Time-Division Multiplexed Raman Pumping (2004)

We quantify both theoretically and experimentally the speed requirements for tuning or switching the wavelength of Raman pumps in time-division multiplexed (TDM) pumping schemes. Our results indicate that a periodic sweep-pattern has to be repeated at a rate above 10 kHz to achieve a temporal Raman gain variation of less than 1 dB at an average on/off Raman gain of 15 dB in 100 km of transmission fiber. At a 10-kHz rate, the sensitivity penalty of an optically preamplified receiver following the 100-km TDM Raman span was measured to be 0.5 dB. Expressed in terms of pump laser tuning requirements, this translates into a switching time of 100 ns, requiring a modulation bandwidth of /spl sim/10 MHz. When cascading multiple TDM Raman pumped transmission spans, we calculate that the worst-case temporal dB-gain variation scales linearly with the number of spans. At a repetition rate of 50 kHz and when cascading 10 spans, we predict an additional 1 dB of margin needs to be allocated in the system's power budget.
Over 3000 cm2V−1s−1room temperature two-dimensional electron gas mobility by annealing Ni/Al deposited on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2014)

We investigated sheet electron density (ns) and electron mobility (μ) in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures deposited with Ni/Al by annealing in vacuum. We observed that both ns and μ at room temperature increased by annealing at 1020 K and the amount of increase depended on the Ni/Al stack thickness. We achieved a room temperature Hall electron mobility of 3050 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is the highest value ever reported for AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The origin of ns increase was attributed to the additionally induced tensile strain in AlGaN layer, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.
Strong squeeze flows of yield-stress fluids: The effect of normal deviatoric stresses (2013)

This work aims to study squeeze flows when the lubrication approximation does not necessarily hold. Strong squeeze flows are defined as the cases in which a sample is compressed by a disk with the initial speed of 40 cm/s, whereas weak squeeze flows are realized when the disk is softly released manually to avoid any impact of the sample at the beginning of compression. Strong and weak squeeze flows of yield-stress materials are studied experimentally and theoretically. In the experiments, disk-like constant-volume samples of Carbopol solutions and bentonite dispersions are compressed between two approaching disks being subjected to constant forces. In addition, experiments with shear flows in parallel-plate and vane viscometers are conducted. Using visualization through the transparent wall of the squeezing apparatus, it is demonstrated that the no-slip conditions hold. It is also demonstrated that during the fast stage of strong squeeze flows, the material response can be explained by deviatoric normal stresses, which elucidates the link of strong squeeze flows to elongational flows. The analysis of the data in the framework of the Newtonian and Herschel–Bulkley models shows that in the present case the nonlinearity of the rheological response at the fast stage of strong squeeze flows is not very significant, and a strain-rate-independent viscosity can be used as a reasonable approximation. On the other hand, at the final stage of squeeze flows, when samples spread significantly under the action of a constant squeezing force, the compressive stresses become small enough, and the dominant role is played by the yield stress. No significant signs of thixotrophy were observed. It is shown that strong squeeze flow in the squeezing apparatus is a convenient tool useful for the measurement of viscosity and the yield stress of complex soft materials.
Computing with dynamical systems (2016)

The effort to develop larger-scale computing systems introduces a set of related challenges: Large machines are more difficult to synchronize. The sheer quantity of hardware introduces more opportunities for errors. New approaches to hardware, such as low-energy or neuromorphic devices are not directly programmable by traditional methods.
Byzantine Modification Detection in Multicast Networks With Random Network Coding (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An information-theoretic approach for detecting Byzantine or adversarial modifications in networks employing random linear network coding is described. Each exogenous source packet is augmented with a flexible number of hash symbols that are obtained as a polynomial function of the data symbols. This approach depends only on the adversary not knowing the random coding coefficients of all other packets received by the sink nodes when designing its adversarial packets. We show how the detection probability varies with the overhead (ratio of hash to data symbols), coding field size, and the amount of information unknown to the adversary about the random code. </para>
A standardized patient-centered characterization of the phenotypic spectrum of PCDH19 girls clustering epilepsy (2020)

Protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) pathogenic variants cause an early-onset seizure disorder called girls clustering epilepsy (GCE). GCE is an X-chromosome disorder that affects heterozygous females and mosaic males, however hemizygous ("transmitting") males are spared. We aimed to define the neuropsychiatric profile associated with PCDH19 pathogenic variants and determine if a clinical profile exists for transmitting males. We also examined genotype- and phenotype-phenotype associations. We developed an online PCDH19 survey comprising the following standardized assessments: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Genetic, seizure, and developmental information were also collected. The survey was completed by patients or by caregivers on behalf of patients. Of the 112 individuals represented (15 males), there were 70 unique variants. Thirty-five variants were novel and included a newly identified recurrent variant Ile781Asnfs*3. There were no significant differences in phenotypic outcomes between published and unpublished cases. Seizures occurred in clusters in 94% of individuals, with seizures resolving in 28% at an average age of 17.5 years. Developmental delay prior to seizure onset occurred in 18% of our cohort. Executive dysfunction and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurred in approximately 60% of individuals. The ASD profile included features of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, 21% of individuals met criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder that appeared to be distinct from ASD. There were no phenotypic differences between heterozygous females and mosaic males. We describe a mosaic male and two hemizygous males with atypical clinical profiles. Earlier seizure onset age and increased number of seizures within a cluster were associated with more severe ASD symptoms (p = 0.001), with seizure onset also predictive of executive dysfunction (p = 4.69 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) and prosocial behavior (p = 0.040). No clinical profile was observed for transmitting males. This is the first patient-derived standardized assessment of the neuropsychiatric profile of GCE. These phenotypic insights will inform diagnosis, management, and prognostic and genetic counseling.
Managing a User's Vulnerability on a Social Networking Site (2015)

abstract: Users often join an online social networking (OSN) site, like Facebook, to remain social, by either staying connected with friends or expanding social networks. On an OSN site, users generally share variety of personal information which is often expected to be visible to their friends, but sometimes vulnerable to unwarranted access from others. The recent study suggests that many personal attributes, including religious and political affiliations, sexual orientation, relationship status, age, and gender, are predictable using users' personal data from an OSN site. The majority of users want to remain socially active, and protect their personal data at the same time. This tension leads to a user's vulnerability, allowing privacy attacks which can cause physical and emotional distress to a user, sometimes with dire consequences. For example, stalkers can make use of personal information available on an OSN site to their personal gain. This dissertation aims to systematically study a user vulnerability against such privacy attacks.\n\nA user vulnerability can be managed in three steps: (1) identifying, (2) measuring and (3) reducing a user vulnerability. Researchers have long been identifying vulnerabilities arising from user's personal data, including user names, demographic attributes, lists of friends, wall posts and associated interactions, multimedia data such as photos, audios and videos, and tagging of friends. Hence, this research first proposes a way to measure and reduce a user vulnerability to protect such personal data. This dissertation also proposes an algorithm to minimize a user's vulnerability while maximizing their social utility values. \n\nTo address these vulnerability concerns, social networking sites like Facebook usually let their users to adjust their profile settings so as to make some of their data invisible. However, users sometimes interact with others using unprotected posts (e.g., posts from a ``Facebook page\\footnote{The term ''Facebook page`` refers to the page which are commonly dedicated for businesses, brands and organizations to share their stories and connect with people.}''). Such interactions help users to become more social and are publicly accessible to everyone. Thus, visibilities of these interactions are beyond the control of their profile settings. I explore such unprotected interactions so that users' are well aware of these new vulnerabilities and adopt measures to mitigate them further. In particular, {\\em are users' personal attributes predictable using only the unprotected interactions}? To answer this question, I address a novel problem of predictability of users' personal attributes with unprotected interactions. The extreme sparsity patterns in users' unprotected interactions pose a serious challenge. Therefore, I approach to mitigating the data sparsity challenge by designing a novel attribute prediction framework using only the unprotected interactions. Experimental results on Facebook dataset demonstrates that the proposed framework can predict users' personal attributes.
Solvent-Engineering Method to Deposit Compact Bismuth-Based Thin Films: Mechanism and Application to Photovoltaics (2017)

Bismuth-based materials have been studied as alternatives to lead-based perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications. However, poor film quality has limited device performance. In this work, we developed a solvent-engineering method and show that it is applicable to several bismuth-based compounds. Through this method, we obtained compact films of methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI), cesium bismuth iodide (CBI), and formamidinium bismuth iodide (FBI). On the basis of film growth theory and experimental analyses, we propose a possible mechanism of film formation. Additionally, we demonstrate that the resultant compact MBI film is more suitable to fabricate efficient and stable photovoltaic devices compared to baseline MBI films with pinholes. We further employed a new hole-transporting material to reduce the valence-band offset with the MBI. The best-performing photovoltaic device exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V, fill factor of 73%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.71%, the highest reported values for MBI-based photovoltaic devices.
Light-Harvesting and Ultrafast Energy Migration in Porphyrin-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks (2012)

Given that energy (exciton) migration in natural photosynthesis primarily occurs in highly ordered porphyrin-like pigments (chlorophylls), equally highly ordered porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) might be expected to exhibit similar behavior, thereby facilitating antenna-like light-harvesting and positioning such materials for use in solar energy conversion schemes. Herein, we report the first example of directional, long-distance energy migration within a MOF. Two MOFs, namely F-MOF and DA-MOF that are composed of two Zn(II) porphyrin struts [5,15-dipyridyl-10,20-bis(pentafluorophenyl)porphinato]zinc(II) and [5,15-bis[4-(pyridyl)ethynyl]-10,20-diphenylporphinato]zinc(II), respectively, were investigated. From fluorescence quenching experiments and theoretical calculations, we find that the photogenerated exciton migrates over a net distance of up to ~45 porphyrin struts within its lifetime in DA-MOF (but only ~3 in F-MOF), with a high anisotropy along a specific direction. The remarkably efficient exciton migration in DA-MOF is attributed to enhanced π-conjugation through the addition of two acetylene moieties in the porphyrin molecule, which leads to greater Q-band absorption intensity and much faster exciton-hopping (energy transfer between adjacent porphyrin struts). The long distance and directional energy migration in DA-MOF suggests promising applications of this compound or related compounds in solar energy conversion schemes as an efficient light-harvesting and energy-transport component.
Regulation of Alloantibody Responses (2021)

The control of alloimmunity is essential to the success of organ transplantation. Upon alloantigen encounter, naïve alloreactive T cells not only differentiate into effector cells that can reject the graft, but also into T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that promote the differentiation of alloreactive B cells that produce donor-specific antibodies (DSA). B cells can exacerbate the rejection process through antibody effector functions and/or B cell antigen-presenting functions. These responses can be limited by immune suppressive mechanisms mediated by T regulatory (Treg) cells, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, B regulatory (Breg) cells and a newly described tolerance-induced B (TIB) cell population that has the ability to suppress <i>de novo</i> B cells in an antigen-specific manner. Transplantation tolerance following costimulation blockade has revealed mechanisms of tolerance that control alloreactive T cells through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, but also inhibit alloreactive B cells. Thus, the control of both arms of adaptive immunity might result in more robust tolerance, one that may withstand more severe inflammatory challenges. Here, we review new findings on the control of B cells and alloantibody production in the context of transplant rejection and tolerance.
Kinetics of inactivation ofBacillus subtilis spores by continuous or intermittent ohmic and conventional heating (1999)

Bacillus subtilis spores were suspended in 0.1% NaCl solution (ca. 10(7) CFU/mL) and treated by conventional or ohmic heating under identical temperature histories. Temperatures tested were in the range of 88 to 99 degrees C. Survival curves and calculated D values showed significantly higher lethality for spores by ohmic than conventional heating. The z or Ea values corresponding to the two heating methods, however, were not significantly different. Spores of B. subtilis were suspended in nutrient broth and treated with conventional and ohmic heating through a single- or a double-stage treatment. In case of double-stage treatment, heating was interrupted by a 20 min of incubation at 37 degrees C to induce a Tyndallization effect. Spore inactivation during double-stage treatment was greater for ohmic than conventional heating. The enhanced spore inactivation by ohmic, compared with conventional, heating resulted from a greater rate of spore death during the first stage of heating and greater decrease in count of viable spores immediately after the incubation period that intervened the heating process. Thus it is concluded that spore inactivation during ohmic heating was primarily due to the thermal effect but there was an additional killing effect caused by the electric current.
Integrated Voltage—Current Monitoring and Control of Gas Metal Arc Weld Magnetic Ball-Jointed Open Source 3-D Printer (2015)

To provide process optimization of metal fabricating self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers requires a low-cost sensor and data logger system to measure current (I) and voltage (V) of the gas metal arc welders (GMAW). This paper builds on previous open-source hardware development to provide a real-time measurement of welder I-V where the measuring circuit is connected to two analog inputs of the Arduino that is used to control the 3-D printer itself. Franklin firmware accessed through a web interface that is used to control the printer allows storing the measured values and downloading those stored readings to the user’s computer. To test this custom current and voltage monitoring device this study reports on its use on an upgraded all metal RepRap during the printing of aluminum alloy (ER1100, ER4043, ER4943, ER4047, and ER5356). The voltage and current data were analyzed on a per alloy basis and also layer-by-layer in order to evaluate the device’s efficacy as a monitoring device for 3-D printing and the results of the integrated design are discussed.
Robust transaction routing in distributed database systems (1988)

In this paper, we examine the issue of robust transaction routing in distributed database systems. A class of dynamic routing strategies which use estimated response times to make routing decisions is studied in details. Since response time estimation and decision making depend on the assumed transaction model and parameters, it is important to examine the robustness or sensitivity to the inaccuracy in the assumptions and parameter values. Through simulations, we find that the dynamic routing strategy based strictly on response time is too aggressive in sharing loads and makes too many non-preferred system routings. It is robust with respect to change in the number of database calls per transaction, but is relatively sensitive to the distribution of database calls. Two refinements are proposed which improve system performance as well as robustness of routing decisions.
Photolumineseence probing of non-radiative channels in hydrogenated In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots (2005)

We report here on the efficient use of hydrogenation as a tool to investigate the non-radiative recombination channels in a low-pressure metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE) grown quantum dots (QDs) array emitting around 1.3 /spl mu/m. It is shown that hydrogenation significantly reduces the flow of charge carriers to non-radiative channels in QDs related to the presence of impurities and further suppresses completely the non-radiative recombinations originating from the stacking faults and dangling bonds. Most importantly, hydrogenation improves the room temperature photoluminescence intensity of the /spl ap/1.3 /spl mu/m emitting In(Ga)As/GaAs QDs by a factor close to ten.
Security (2018)

5th generation (5G) networks represent both a challenge but also an opportunity from a security point of view. This chapter describes the envisioned security threat landscape. Then, corresponding requirements for 5G security are derived. The chapter also describes the main characteristics of the envisioned 5G security architecture. It focuses on the security properties of the different architectural elements inside the same horizontal security and trust domains (HSTD), taking into account that each HSTD could map to one or more vertical security and trust domains (VSTDs). Each HSTD is decomposed into the following elements and related security aspects: infrastructure security, physical layer security, radio access network (RAN) security, service-level security, and overall security management and automation. Among the opportunities, there is the chance to design and build a network with architecturally inherent security and privacy features, donned with unprecedented capabilities for automation and self-adaptation.
Anti-Slip/Skid Re-Adhesion Control of Electric Motor Coach Based on Disturbance Observer and Sensor-Less Vector Control (2006)

When the adhesion coefficient between rail and driving wheel decreases, the electric motor coach has slip phenomena. We have already proposed the anti-slip re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer. This system has the fine torque response for one driving wheel driven by one inverter-fed induction motor. However, the bogie of electric motor coach has four driving wheels driven two induction motors. These induction motors connected in parallel are often driven by one inverter. In order to realize the anti-slip and anti-skid re-adhesion control system for the bogie of electric motor coach, this paper proposes a new re-adhesion control method based on disturbance observer and speed sensor-less vector control.
Hospital for joint diseases participates in international spine registry Spine Tango after successful pilot study. (2012)

Spine Tango is currently the only international spine registry in existence. It was developed under the auspices of Eurospine, the Spine Society of Europe, and is hosted at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The HJD Spine Center successfully tested Spine Tango during a 3-month pilot study and has since expanded documentation activities to more surgeons. Workflow integration and dedicated research staff are key factors for such an endeavor. Participation enables benchmarking against national and international peers and outcome research and quality assurance of surgical and non-surgical treatments.