gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical switching between bistable phases in rubidium manganese hexacyanoferrate at room temperature (2005)

The phase transition from Fe(II)(S=0)–CN–Mn(III)(S=2) to Fe(III)(S=1∕2)–CN–Mn(II)(S=5∕2) in Rb0.98Mn1.01[Fe(CN)6]∙0.2H2O was observed at room temperature with a one-shot-laser-pulse (λ=532nm; pulse width: 6ns) irradiation. The quantum yield (Φ) depended on the laser power density (P) and Φ=38 was achieved with a 24mJcm−2pulse−1. In this photochemical reaction, only when the P value was above 6mJcm−2pulse−1 (Pth), the low-temperature phase was converted to the high-temperature phase. The threshold in laser power density and large Φ value were thermodynamically considered using a mean field model that contains cooperative interaction.
Optical Mode Converter for Enhanced Sensitivity in Evanescent Field Absorption Chemical Sensors (2019)

Different waveguide modes have different efficiencies for evanescent field absorption chemical sensors as they possess different evanescent field ratio (EFR) and propagation losses. By using phonon-photon interactions with our device, we convert light to a more optimum mode for sensing applications.
Investigations on the topographical asymmetry of non-contact atomic force microscopy images of NiO(001) surface observed with a ferromagnetic tip (2004)

We investigated atomically resolved NC-AFM images of NiO(001) surfaces obtained with ferromagnetic Fe- and Ni-coated tips and bare Si tips. The cross-sections of atomically resolved images were analysed by adding the atomic corrugation amplitude on the basis of the periodicity of the image. The topographical asymmetry is defined as an index representing the difference of the adjacent maxima. We compare the topographical asymmetry calculated from the images obtained with ferromagnetic metal- and non-coated Si tips and discuss the possible origin of the asymmetry of NC-AFM images.
Celebrating 40 years of language evolution (2007)

Simula 67 (SIMple Universal LAnguage 67) is considered by many as one of the earliest - if not the first - object-oriented language. Simula 67 was developed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard in Oslo, Norway and has greatly influenced object-oriented language development over the past 40 years. This panel brings together leading programming language innovators to discuss and debate past, present, and future language evolutions.
Topological Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media (2014)

The topological complexity inherent to all porous media can impart complicated transport dynamics under steady flow conditions. Recently, it has been established [2] that such topological complexity imparts ubiquitous and persistent chaotic advection via a 3D fluid mechanical analogue of the baker's map. In the presence of molecular diffusion, chaotic Lagrangian dynamics are well-known to impart anomalous transport and rapidly accelerated mixing, however this phenomenon has received little attention in the context of porous media flow. In this paper we consider the impact of chaotic advection upon transport and mixing of a continuously injected dye plume in a model 3D porous network which consists of randomly connected pore branches and mergers. Punctuated stretching of fluid elements during advection through the random network is described by a novel stretching continuous time random walk (CTRW) which captures fluid deformation and scalar dispersion in the model network. This model indicates that chaotic mixing in 3D topologically complex media exponentially accelerates mixing and scalar dissipation across all Peclet numbers, from diffusion-dominated (Pe=10-0) to advection-dominated (Pe=10-8) transport. Whilst the CTRW model is highly idealised, the critical features of this model (no-slip boundary condition, topological complexity) are inherent to almost all porous media.
Exploiting Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Streptomyces clavuligerus for Antibiotic Discovery and Overproduction (2012)

Adaptation is normally viewed as the enemy of the antibiotic discovery and development process because adaptation among pathogens to antibiotic exposure leads to resistance. We present a method here that, in contrast, exploits the power of adaptation among antibiotic producers to accelerate the discovery of antibiotics. A competition-based adaptive laboratory evolution scheme is presented whereby an antibiotic-producing microorganism is competed against a target pathogen and serially passed over time until the producer evolves the ability to synthesize a chemical entity that inhibits growth of the pathogen. When multiple Streptomyces clavuligerus replicates were adaptively evolved against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315 in this manner, a strain emerged that acquired the ability to constitutively produce holomycin. In contrast, no holomycin could be detected from the unevolved wild-type strain. Moreover, genome re-sequencing revealed that the evolved strain had lost pSCL4, a large 1.8 Mbp plasmid, and acquired several single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that have been shown to affect secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that competition-based adaptive laboratory evolution can constitute a platform to create mutants that overproduce known antibiotics and possibly to discover new compounds as well.
Copper-Doped Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells for Luminescent Solar Concentrators (2016)

Doping of bulk semiconductors has revealed widespread success in optoelectronic applications. In the past few decades, substantial effort has been engaged for doping at the nanoscale. Recently, doped zero-dimensional quantum dots made of semiconductor nanocrystals have been demonstrated to be promising materials for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) as they can be engineered for providing Stokes-shifted tunable emission in the solar spectrum. However, existing doped colloidal quantum dots suffer from moderately low quantum efficiency and intrinsically small absorption cross-section, which together fundamentally limit their effective usage. Here, we show the first account of copper doping into two-dimensional atomically flat CdSe colloidal quantum wells. Copper doping via post-synthesis partial cation exchange into 3-5 monolayers of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core-shell colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) enables Stokes-shifted, tunable dopant induced highly efficient photoluminescence emission having high quantum efficiencies (&gt;43%), accompanied by an order of magnitude higher absorption cross-section than that of the doped quantum dots. Based on these exceptional properties, we demonstrated a flexible prototype luminescent solar concentrators using these newly synthesized doped colloidal quantum wells. These findings may open up new directions for deployment of CQWs in LSCs for advanced solar light harvesting technologies.
Pangea (2019)

Storage and memory systems for modern data analytics are heavily layered, managing shared persistent data, cached data, and nonshared execution data in separate systems such as a distributed file system like HDFS, an in-memory file system like Alluxio, and a computation framework like Spark. Such layering introduces significant performance and management costs. In this paper we propose a single system called Pangea that can manage all data---both intermediate and long-lived data, and their buffer/caching, data placement optimization, and failure recovery---all in one monolithic distributed storage system, without any layering. We present a detailed performance evaluation of Pangea and show that its performance compares favorably with several widely used layered systems such as Spark.
Distributed IRS with Statistical Passive Beamforming for MISO Communications (2020)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently been identified as a prominent technology with the ability of enhancing wireless communication by dynamically manipulating the propagation environment. This paper investigates a multiple-input single-output (MISO) system deploying distributed IRSs. For practical considerations, we propose an efficient design of passive reflecting beamforming for the IRSs to exploit statistical channel state information (CSI) and analyze the achievable rate of the network taking into account the impact of CSI estimation error. The ergodic achievable rate is derived in a closed form, which provides insightful system design guidelines. Numerical results confirm the accuracy of the derived results and unveil the performance superiority of the proposed distributed IRS deployment over the conventional centralized deployment.
HTS and Rational Drug Design [RDD] to Generate a Class of 5-HT2C-Selective Ligands for Possible Use in Schizophrenia (2020)

(Chemical Equation Presented) Treating neurological conditions: Optimization of a previously identified lead 5-HT2C agonist (left) led to the discovery of a highly selective 5-HT2C agonist (right). Importantly, this compound is a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. Because of its selective 5-HT2C receptor activity, the compound was further evaluated in the phencyclidine model of disrupted prepulse inhibition, and found to exhibit normalizing effects comparable to those shown by the 5-HT 2C agonist vabicaserin, a drug currently in phase II clinical studies for schizophrenia.
Mueller matrix spectroscopy and physics-based machine learning for gate-all-around sheet-specific metrology (2023)

The complex vertically stacked gate-all-around (GAA) manufacturing process drives the demand for more challenging inline metrology requirements. GAA technology with specific technical requirements starts from the first process step, 1) the superlattice, where the multi-stack Si/SiGe pairs must be grown defect-free with matched Si nanosheet thicknesses, and %Ge per layer, sharp interfaces, and a minimized subsequent thermal Ge diffusion across the stacks. More critical steps, among others, are the 2) partial recess of the sacrificial SiGe layers that precede 3) the inner spacers which prevent a channel to source/drain short circuit and reduce the parasitic capacitance, and 4) the channel release process at the “remove poly gate” module, where the SiGe is selectively removed before the high-k metal gate. Driven by tight performance control, a sheet-specific metrology solution is highly desired at each of the above four critical steps. The ideal solution for such an application is non-destructive, precise, accurate, and highly productive. In this paper, a scatterometry critical dimension (SCD) solution for the GAA sheet-specific measurement from various GAA structures is presented. The SCD solution includes an advanced and optimized full Mueller Matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry in conjunction with a physics-assisted machine learning (ML) algorithm. Additionally, the best methodology to address the solution's robustness to process variation is described and presented. It will be shown that an optimized signal-to-noise ratio combined with ML can provide a superior optical metrology solution to the growing challenge in GAA applications.
Design and Performance of an EMCCD Based Detector for Combined SPECT/CT Imaging (2006)

We have designed and developed a very high sensitivity detector for near-simultaneous SPECT/CT imaging of small animals. The detector is based on a back-thinned electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) bonded to a fiberoptic window, and optically coupled to a high resolution, high efficiency, very thick microcolumnar CsI(Tl) scintillator via a fiberoptic taper. In addition to the low noise and high spatial resolution inherent to CCDs, the EMCCD provides controllable internal gain, which minimizes read noise even when the device is operated at high frame rates. This allows the detection of incident gamma-ray/X-ray radiation with high spatial resolution and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The use of thick microcolumnar CsI(Tl) offers high detection efficiency for gamma-ray/X-ray radiation while maintaining a high spatial resolution. This combination of the EMCCD and the CsI(Tl) scintillator has resulted in a unique detector that can be employed for near simultaneous functional (SPECT) and anatomical (X-ray CT) imaging at a reduced cost. The design and evaluation of the detector are discussed in this paper
Polarization tracking for optical heterodyne communication (1985)

The signal-to-noise ratio of an optical heterodyne receiver degrades if the signal and local oscillator optical fields are not linearly polarized along the same axis. This paper presents direct detection and heterodyne detection schemes for tracking the axis of linear polarization in the signal beam. It gives an analysis of the error performance of the polarization tracking loop when it is operating at low signal powers and in the presence of background radiation, detector dark current, and thermal noise. The analysis includes a discussion of loop optimization and loop performance in the nonlinear (large error) region. Finally, experimental results for a direct detection scheme are presented.
Main enablers for advanced interference mitigation (2012)

ABSTRACT The vision of an interference‐free or interference‐exploiting mobile cellular radio system has attracted lots of research groups. It led to several 3GPP long term evolution coordinated multipoint transmission studies and working items. So far, the results achieved are still far from theoretical performance as expected from network‐wide cooperation. In reality, small to moderate gains will be easily lost in case of realistic channel estimation and feedback assumptions. Therefore, the European Union founded project ARTIST4G had a three‐fold goal: leveraging considerable system level gains in combination with an effective channel estimation and a low rate feedback scheme. One main enabler is the so‐called partial coordinated multipoint plus cover shift concept of overlapping cooperation areas approaching user centric clustering. ‘Simple’ but powerful is a novel interference floor shaping technique based on cooperation area specific vertical antenna tilting and power allocation. An enhanced scheduling strategy turns signal to interference and noise into spectral efficiency and coverage gains. For overcoming channel state information outdating and simultaneously minimizing feedback overhead, a model‐based channel prediction concept is proposed reporting location instead of channel state information. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Decision-making in Continuous Partially Observable Domains: A Novel Method and its Application for Autonomous Driving (2015)

Decision-making is a crucial challenge on the way to fully autonomous systems. In real world tasks, assessing the consequences of decisions is aggravated by two factors: uncertainty and the continuous nature of the environment. In this work, we develop a general method for solving continuous partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) that combines learning and planning. We apply it to autonomous driving in urban scenarios with hidden objects and cooperative driver interactions.
Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

The trajectories of acquired immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are not fully understood. We present a detailed longitudinal cohort study of UK healthcare workers prior to vaccination, presenting April-June 2020 with asymptomatic or symptomatic infection. Here we show a highly variable range of responses, some of which (T cell interferon-gamma ELISpot, N-specific antibody) wane over time, while others (spike-specific antibody, B cell memory ELISpot) are stable. We use integrative analysis and a machine-learning approach (SIMON - Sequential Iterative Modeling OverNight) to explore this heterogeneity. We identify a subgroup of participants with higher antibody responses and interferon-gamma ELISpot T cell responses, and a robust trajectory for longer term immunity associates with higher levels of neutralising antibodies against the infecting (Victoria) strain and also against variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta). These variable trajectories following early priming may define subsequent protection from severe disease from novel variants.
Thermal Characterization of Non-Raised Floor Air Cooled Data Centers Using Numerical Modeling (2005)

Data center equipment almost always represents a high expenditure capital investment to the customer, and is often operated without any down time. Data com equipment is typically designed to operate at a rack air inlet temperature of between 10 and 35°C, and a violation of this specification can diminish electronic device reliability and even lead to failure in the field. Thus, it is of paramount importance, from a reliability perspective, to sufficiently understand these systems. A representative non-raised floor data center system was numerically modeled and the data generated from a parametric study was analyzed. The model constitutes a half symmetry section of a 40 rack data center that is arranged in a cold aisle-hot aisle fashion. The effect of several input variables, namely, rack heat load, rack flow rate, rack temperature rise, diffuser flow rate, diffuser location, diffuser height, diffuser pitch, ceiling height, hot exhaust air return vent location, and non-uniformity in rack heat load, was studied. Temperature data was collected at several locations at the inlet to the racks. Statistical analysis was carried out to describe trends in the data.
Enhancing Proliferation and ECM Expression of Human ACL Fibroblasts by Sonic Vibration (2014)

Effects of mechanical vibration on cell activity and behavior remain controversial: There has been evidence on both positive and negative effects. Furthermore, research on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has as yet been limited and the frequency-related effects remain unknown, even though ACL injury is common and an injured ACL hardly spontaneously recovers. The object of this work was to address the influence of mechanical vibration on ACL fibroblasts, to determine the effects of frequencies, and to further study this effect at the cellular level. We found that sonic vibration affected ACL fibroblasts' proliferation and metabolism in a frequency-dependent manner, and 20 Hz gave rise to the most ACL cell activity and comprehensively increased extracellular matrix (ECM) contents, including collagen type I, collagen type III, fibronectin, elastin, tenascin, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and the cytoskeleton protein vimentin. Thus, our results indicate that sonic vibration possesses frequency-dependent effects on proliferation and productivity of ACL fibroblast with an optimal frequency of 20 Hz under the present stimulation conditions, providing further information for future research in how vibrational stimulation manipulates ACL cellular behavior.
Getting key players to work together and defending against diversion-Oregon (1998)

In this report, the author, Executive Vice President of the American Cancer Society in Oregon, reviews the key factors in the crafting of the coalition leading to passage of a tobacco tax in Oregon. Mr. North also emphasizes the importance of institutionalizing the coalition after passage to provide the required leadership for future efforts.
Supplemental Materials, Figures 1 - 4, Tables 1 - 4 from Mesothelin-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor mRNA-Engineered T Cells Induce Antitumor Activity in Solid Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S1. CARTmeso cell manufacturing and treatment schedules. Fig. S2. Detection of human anti-chimeric antibody responses in patients post-CARTmeso cell infusion. Fig. S3. Serum cytokines and chemokines in PDA patient 21211-101. Fig. S4. CARTmeso cytolytic activity against allogeneic and autologous pancreatic cancer cell lines Table S1. Patient demographics. Table S2. Treatment-related adverse events. Table S3. Protoarray analysis of serum samples from mesothelioma patient 17510-105 Table S4. Protoarray analysis of serum samples from pancreatic cancer patient 21211-101&lt;/p&gt;
Present state and future perspectives of using pluripotent stem cells in toxicology research (2011)

The use of novel drugs and chemicals requires reliable data on their potential toxic effects on humans. Current test systems are mainly based on animals or in vitro-cultured animal-derived cells and do not or not sufficiently mirror the situation in humans. Therefore, in vitro models based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become an attractive alternative. The article summarizes the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic carcinoma and embryonic germ cells, and discusses the potential of pluripotent stem cells for safety pharmacology and toxicology. Special attention is directed to the potential application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the assessment of developmental toxicology as well as cardio- and hepatotoxicology. With respect to embryotoxicology, recent achievements of the embryonic stem cell test (EST) are described and current limitations as well as prospects of embryotoxicity studies using pluripotent stem cells are discussed. Furthermore, recent efforts to establish hPSC-based cell models for testing cardio- and hepatotoxicity are presented. In this context, methods for differentiation and selection of cardiac and hepatic cells from hPSCs are summarized, requirements and implications with respect to the use of these cells in safety pharmacology and toxicology are presented, and future challenges and perspectives of using hPSCs are discussed.
Interactive relighting of dynamic refractive objects (2008)

We present a new technique for interactive relighting of dynamic refractive objects with complex material properties. We describe our technique in terms of a rendering pipeline in which each stage runs entirely on the GPU. The rendering pipeline converts surfaces to volumetric data, traces the curved paths of photons as they refract through the volume, and renders arbitrary views of the resulting radiance distribution. Our rendering pipeline is fast enough to permit interactive updates to lighting, materials, geometry, and viewing parameters without any precomputation. Applications of our technique include the visualization of caustics, absorption, and scattering while running physical simulations or while manipulating surfaces in real time.
Proteome Profiling for Assessing Diversity:  Analysis of Individual Heads of Drosophila melanogaster Using LC−Ion Mobility−MS (2005)

The proteomes of three heads of individual Drosophila melanogaster organisms have been analyzed and compared by a combination of liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry approaches. In total, 197 proteins are identified among all three individuals (an average of 120 +/- 20 proteins per individual), of which at least 101 proteins are present in all three individuals. Within all three datasets, more than 25 000 molecular ions (an average of 9000 +/- 2000 per individual) corresponding to protonated precursor ions of individual peptides have been observed. A comparison of peaks among the datasets reveals that peaks corresponding to protonated peptides that are found in all heads are more intense than those features that appear between pairs of or within only one of the individuals. Moreover, there is little variability in the relative intensities of the peaks common among all individuals. It appears that it is the lower abundance components of the proteome that play the most significant role in determining unique features of individuals.
Scaling limits for optical interconnects: Directly modulated versus externally modulated links (2011)

We establish a lower bound on the energy-per-bit required for transmitting information using a photonic channel. We include in our analysis the energy required to convert information from the electronic to the photonic domain and back. We investigate links that employ a directly modulated laser as well as an external modulator. We show that the power dissipation of the channel also imposes a bound on the bandwidth density.