gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eculizumab treatment in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: correlation between functional complement tests and drug levels (2022)

In patients with aHUS on eculizumab maintenance treatment, complement activity measurement can be used as a proxy for circulating levels of the drug. Monitoring complement activity allows for safe tailoring of the frequency of eculizumab administration, thus avoiding excessive drug exposure while keeping the disease in remission.
Adrenal hyperplasias in childhood: An update (2022)

Pediatric adrenocortical hyperplasias are rare; they usually present with Cushing syndrome (CS); of them, isolated micronodular adrenal disease and its variant, primary pigmented adrenocortical disease are the most commonly encountered. Most cases are due to defects in the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway, although a few cases remain without an identified genetic defect. Another cause of adrenal hyperplasia in childhood is congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of autosomal recessive disorders that affect steroidogenic enzymes in the adrenal cortex. Clinical presentation varies and depends on the extent of the underlying enzymatic defect. The most common form is due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency; it accounts for more than 90% of the cases. In this article, we discuss the genetic etiology of adrenal hyperplasias in childhood.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Opioid Agonistic Indole Alkaloid Mitragynine (I) and the First Total Syntheses of 9‐Methoxygeissoschizol (II) and 9‐Methoxy‐Nb‐methylgeissoschizol (III). (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Challenges for Building Complex Real-time Computing Systems (2001)

In the early years of computing, real-time systems consisted of single computers interfaced to a few sensors and effectors, and perhaps to a user control device as well. While such systems still exist, and have become almost ubiquitous in a myriad of everyday devices, the world of real-time computing has expanded in scope and complexity in ways comparable to the proliferation of computers for many other aspects of business, economic and social life. Perhaps the most recent evidence of this expansion is the employment of distributed processing to achieve the objectives of real-time system designers. With the expanded use of computers, particularly in distributed real-time embedded systems (DREs), issues of complexity have emerged that were not faced by early real-time system designers. Ccomplex aggregations of computers operating as a distributed system have assumed a distinctly different character from early real-time systems, exhibiting far more variation in form as well as in the underlying technology base. Dealing with this complexity has become a major driver for innovation in both system architecture and computing technology. The challenge designers face today is, how to design, build, deploy and maintain ever larger and more capable distributed real-time embedded systems to meet the demands of a changing world. Modern real-time systems are likely to be more than just systems; they are rapidly becoming large-scale systems of systems. Because of their long life and high cost, complex real-time systems cannot be recreated as new starts when new requirements emerge. They must evolve and undergo changes and upgrades in place. Furthermore, since the technology base on which DREs are built is changing rapidly, complex real-time systems must allow for the convenient insertion of new computing equipment and supporting software products. For these reasons, flexibility of design has become a paramount concern. This paper will present major challenges and promising solutions for the problem of building real-time open architectures. Based on our experience within the Navy shipboard computing systems domain, we will consider technical characteristics, change management, system flexibility and dynamic resource management.
Deep learning-based dental plaque detection on primary teeth: a comparison with clinical assessments (2020)

Abstract Background: Dental plaque is the cause of many common oral diseases (e.g., caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis). Therefore, the detection and control of dental plaque are of great significance to children’s oral health. The objectives of this study are to design an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on deep learning to detect dental plaque on primary teeth and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the AI model. Methods : A conventional neural network (CNN) framework was adopted, and a total of 886 photos of primary teeth taken by an intraoral camera (1280×960 pixels; TPC Ligang, Shenzhen, China) were used to train the AI model. To validate the clinical feasibility, 98 photos of primary teeth taken by the intraoral camera were assessed by the AI model. Additionally, tooth photos were acquired using a digital camera (3216×2136 pixels, Canon EOS 60D, Japan). One experienced pediatric dentist looked at these photos and marked the regions the photos containing dental plaque. Then, a plaque-disclosing agent was applied, and the areas of dental plaque were identified. After a week, the dentist drew the dental plaque area on the 98 photos taken by the digital camera a second time to evaluate the consistency of manual diagnosis. In another round of comparison, 102 photos of primary teeth taken by the same intraoral camera were marked to denote the dental plaque area obtained both by the AI model and by the pediatric dentist to evaluate the diagnostic ability of each approach based on photos with lower-resolution (fewer pixels) than those taken by the digital camera. The mean intersection-over-union (MIoU) metric was employed to indicate the detection accuracy. Results : The MIoU for the detection of dental plaque on the tested tooth photos was 0.726 ± 0.165.The MIoU of the dentist when diagnosing the 98 photos taken by the digital camera for the first time was 0.695 ± 0.269, while after one week, the MIoU of the dentist was 0.689 ± 0.253. Compared to the dentist, the AI model demonstrated a higher MIoU (0.736 ± 0.174), and the results did not change after a week. When both the dentist and the AI model assessed the 102 photos taken by the intraoral camera. the MIoU of the pediatric dentist was 0.652 ± 0.195, and the MIoU of the AI model was 0.724 ±0.159. The results of a paired t-test found no significant difference between the AI model and human specialist (P &gt; .05) in diagnosing dental plaque on primary teeth. Conclusions : The AI model showed clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque on primary teeth compared with an experienced pediatric dentist. This finding illustrates the potential application in adopting such AI technology for helping children improve their oral health.
Dual ovarian stimulation is a new viable option for enhancing the oocyte yield when the time for assisted reproductive technnology is limited (2014)

Ovarian stimulation improves assisted reproductive technology outcome by increasing the number of oocytes available for insemination and in-vitro handling. A recent Duplex protocol features a dual stimulation, with the second stimulation started immediately after the first oocyte retrieval. Remarkably, the Duplex protocol is unexpectadly well tolerated by women and provides twice as many oocytes and embryos as a regular antagonist protocol in less than 30 days.
Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of equine arteritis virus isolates associated with the 2006-2007 multi-state disease occurrence in the USA (2010)

In 2006-2007, equine viral arteritis (EVA) was confirmed for the first time in Quarter Horses in multiple states in the USA. The entire genome of an equine arteritis virus (EAV) isolate from the index premises in New Mexico was 12 731 nt in length and possessed a previously unrecorded unique 15 nt insertion in the nsp2-coding region in ORF1a and a 12 nt insertion in ORF3. Sequence analysis of additional isolates made during this disease occurrence revealed that all isolates from New Mexico, Utah, Kansas, Oklahoma and Idaho had 98.6-100.0 % (nsp2) and 97.8-100 % (ORF3) nucleotide identity and contained the unique insertions in nsp2 and ORF3, indicating that the EVA outbreaks in these states probably originated from the same strain of EAV. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of several EAV isolates made following an EVA outbreak on another Quarter Horse farm in New Mexico in 2005 provided evidence that this outbreak may well have been the source of virus for the 2006-2007 occurrence of the disease. A virus isolate from an aborted fetus in Utah was shown to have a distinct neutralization phenotype compared with other isolates associated with the 2006-2007 EVA occurrence. Full-length genomic sequence analysis of 18 sequential isolates of EAV made from eight carrier stallions established that the virus evolved genetically during persistent infection, and the rate of genetic change varied between individual animals and the period of virus shedding.
Aurora (2000)

Users of the World Wide Web (Web) have a diverse set of needs, abilities, and goals. To achieve universal usability, the Web today calls for the development of new systems that enable the same content to be adapted for display according to these various needs. This paper presents Aurora, an extensible transcoding system that targets and adapts content in existing Web pages to help the broadest population of users, particularly in the disabled community, to obtain various Web-based services, such as auction, search engine, travel, etc. The system adapts Web content based on semantic rather than syntactic constructs—facilitating navigation by streamlining the Web interface according abstract user goals. In addition, it provides the capability to adapt this content to meet the specific needs of any number of user groups. This paper puts forth a conceptual abstraction, called the transaction model, for conceptually classifying Web data to meet these goals. It discusses how Aurora uses this model, through an XML-based framework, to semantically transcode existing Web content. The result is an alternative, adaptable Web interface that better supports universal usability.
A digital radio-over-fiber downlink system based on envelope delta-sigma modulation for multi-band/mode operation (2016)

A digital radio-over-fiber (DRoF) downlink system using envelope delta-sigma modulation (EDSM) for multimode/band applications is presented. Analyses and simulations reveal that the EDSM scheme increases tolerance to jitter introduced by optical components. This has been verified and demonstrated with a DRoF link using CMOS EDSM IC. As a result of the improvement, this system successfully meets major 3GPP LTE bands from 760 MHz to 2.6 GHz as well as IEEE 802.11g WLAN standard requirement.
Elixir (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
ENHANCEMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE-HEALING BY SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH 1–34) (2005)

Background: Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH [1-34]; teriparatide) is a new treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis that can be systemically administered for the primary purpose of increasing bone formation. Because several studies have described the enhancement of fracture-healing and osteointegration in animals after use of PTH, we sought to critically analyze this skeletal effect. Methods: Two hundred and seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent standard, closed femoral fractures and were divided into three groups that were administered daily subcutaneous injections of 5 or 30 μg/kg of PTH (1-34) or vehicle (control). The dosing was administered for up to thirty-five days. Groups were further divided into three subgroups and were killed on day 21, 35, or 84 after the fracture. The bones were subjected to mechanical torsion testing, histomorphometric analysis, or microquantitative computed tomography. Results: By day 21, calluses from the group treated with 30 μg of PTH showed significant increases over the controls with respect to torsional strength, stiffness, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and cartilage volume. By day 35, both groups treated with PTH showed significant increases in bone mineral content and density and total osseous tissue volume, and they demonstrated significant decreases in void space and cartilage volume (p < 0.05). Torsional strength was significantly increased at this time-point in the group treated with 30 μg of PTH (p < 0.05). While dosing was discontinued on day 35, analyses performed after eighty-four days in the group treated with 30 μg of PTH showed sustained increases over the controls with respect to torsional strength and bone mineral density. No change was noted in osteoclast density at the time-points measured, suggesting that treatment with PTH enhanced bone formation but did not induce bone resorption. Conclusions: These data show that daily systemic administration of PTH (1-34) enhances fracture-healing by increasing bone mineral content and density and strength, and it produces a sustained anabolic effect throughout the remodeling phase of fracture-healing. Clinical Relevance: A systemically administered drug that enhances bone repair could have widespread applications to promote the healing of fractures and arthrodesis sites and to promote osteointegration in porous implants. PTH (1-34) is the first bone formation agent shown to be effective for the systemic treatment of a bone disease and may represent an attractive new modality for the management of these musculoskeletal conditions.
Sterically Hindered Fluorenyl-Substituted Poly(p-phenylenevinylenes) for Light-Emitting Diodes (2002)

A new series of processable dihexylfluorenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives (DHF−PPVs) were synthesized by dehydrohalogenation−condensation polymerization (GILCH polymerization). The polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis and were completely soluble in common organic solvents. All of the polymers demonstrated bright blue-green emission with high photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies of 68−71% in chloroform, good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 322 °C, and high glass transition temperatures in the range of 113−148 °C. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that these polymers undergo both irreversible oxidation and reduction onsets around 0.9 and −1.5 V, which are attributed to the conjugated backbone. Polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), fabricated with DHF−PPVs, as the emitting layer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) (PEDOT:PSS), as the hole injection/transporting layer, Ca cathodes, and indium−tin oxide (ITO) anodes, (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DHF−PPVs/Ca), emitted blue-green emission with a maximum peak around 500 nm and a shoulder peak around 532 nm. For the poly[2-(9,9-dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (DHF−PPV) device, a low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V (0.13 MV/cm), a maximum luminance of 12 000 cd/m2 at 0.4 MV/cm, and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.53% were obtained. The latter was 33−37 times brighter and 1.6−2.8 times more efficient than those devices with poly[2-(7-methoxy-9,9-dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDHF−PPV) and poly[2-(7-cyano-9,9-dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (CNDHF−PPV).
A 0.5 &#x003BC;m pixel frame-transfer CCD image sensor in 110 nm CMOS (2007)

The first image sensor with submicron pixel pitch is reported. Test structures comprising 16 x 16 pixel full-frame-transfer (FFT) CCDs with 0.5 μm pixels are fabricated in a single-poly 110 nm CMOS process. Characterization results demonstrate charge transfer efficiency of 99.9%, QE of 48% at 550 nm, conversion gain of 193 μ V/e-, well capacity of 3550 e-, dark current of 50 e-/sec with nonuniformity of 25%, peak SNR of 28 dB and dynamic range of 60 dB. These performance metrics are within the range of consumer image sensors and suggest that further reduction in pixel size is feasible.
Fabrication and Properties of Nanolaminates Using Self-Limiting Surface Chemistry Techniques (2003)

Abstract : Nanolaminates are multilayered thin film structures with very high interfacial density. These composite multilayer structures can display interesting properties that are not observed in the individual components. These special properties can be optimized by manipulating the thickness and composition of the individual nanolayers. The optimized nanolaminates may have important applications as better protective coatings and thin films with enhanced optical and electrical properties. Our research has focused on the fabrication of nanolaminates with atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques based on sequential self-limiting surface chemistry. We have also concentrated on measuring the properties of nanolaminates. Our goal has been to grow and characterize metal/ceramic and ceramic/ceramic nanolaminates and to develop design rules for the construction 0 novel nanocomposite materials. We have utilized the ALD techniques that we have recently pioneered to obtain atomic layer controlled growth. We have utilized our surface chemistry for W ALD and A1203 ALD to construct W/A1203 metal/ceramic nanolaminates. We have also used our surface chemistry for ZnO and A1203 ALD to construct ZnO/A1203 ceramic/ceramic nanolaminates and alloys. Following the growth of these nanolaminates, we have determined structure/property relationships for nanolaminates.
Supplementary Table 2 from Phase Ib Study of Buparlisib plus Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer That Has Progressed on Trastuzumab-Based Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 38K, Patient disposition (full analysis set).&lt;/p&gt;
Feasibility Study of Silylation Process for Submicron Manufacturing (1989)

Surface imaging using silylation treatment is explored with the aim of understanding the size of the process window for submicron lithography. The influences of resist materials and process temperature were investigated. Resist material strongly influenced the quality of imaging. However, the optimum processing conditions for the conventional diazoquinone/novolac resist and specially formulated dry develop resist were similar. Soft bake temperature, presilylation bake temperature, and silylation bake temperature strongly influenced critical dimension (CD) control in the temperature regimes investigated. The large effect of presilylation bake and silylation bake temperature on CD control can probably be overcome by driving the diazoquinone induced cross linking reaction to completion. However, it is unclear whether a similar scheme will control the 0.025&mu;m per degree centigrade line width variation with soft bake temperature. Considering both the depth of focus and exposure latitude data, the dry develop process appears to conservatively extend the manufacturable resolution to a k of about 0.65 in the Rayleigh resolution equation. At this resolution, our data indicate a depth of focus of about 1.5&mu; to 2.0&mu; and an exposure latitude of about 30% (for 0.6&mu; lines/spaces printed with a 0.40 NA i-line stepper).
Increased Speed and Image Quality for Pelvic Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Imaging with Variable Refocusing Flip Angles and Full-Fourier Acquisition (2016)

Purpose To assess image quality and speed improvements for single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) with variable refocusing flip angles and full-Fourier acquisition (vrfSSFSE) pelvic imaging via a prospective trial performed in the context of uterine leiomyoma evaluation. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. vrfSSFSE and conventional SSFSE sagittal and coronal oblique acquisitions were performed in 54 consecutive female patients referred for 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of known or suspected uterine leiomyomas. Two radiologists who were blinded to the image acquisition technique semiquantitatively scored images on a scale from -2 to 2 for noise, image contrast, sharpness, artifacts, and perceived ability to evaluate uterine, ovarian, and musculoskeletal structures. The null hypothesis of no significant difference between pulse sequences was assessed with a Wilcoxon signed rank test by using a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results Because of reductions in specific absorption rate, vrfSSFSE imaging demonstrated significantly increased speed (more than twofold, P < .0001), with mean repetition times compared with conventional SSFSE imaging decreasing from 1358 to 613 msec for sagittal acquisitions and from 1494 to 621 msec for coronal oblique acquisitions. Almost all assessed image quality and perceived diagnostic capability parameters were significantly improved with vrfSSFSE imaging. These improvements included noise, sharpness, and ability to evaluate the junctional zone, myometrium, and musculoskeletal structures for both sagittal acquisitions (mean values of 0.56, 0.63, 0.42, 0.56, and 0.80, respectively; all P values < .0001) and coronal oblique acquisitions (mean values of 0.81, 1.09, 0.65, 0.93, and 1.12, respectively; all P values < .0001). For evaluation of artifacts, there was an insufficient number of cases with differences to allow statistical testing. Conclusion Compared with conventional SSFSE acquisition, vrfSSFSE acquisition increases 3-T imaging speed via reduced specific absorption rate and leads to significant improvements in perceived image quality and perceived diagnostic capability when evaluating pelvic structures. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.