gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Enhancement of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors by Graphene for Medical Applications (2018)

Since the introduction of fiber optic technology to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor design, Fiber Optic SPR (FO-SPR) sensors became more practical and adaptable for in situ remote sensing compared to previous prism based SPR sensors. Due to this evolution is SPR sensors, there has been a surge in interest in further integrating and enhancing these sensors for various in situ medical diagnostics applications and Graphene has emerged as a promising candidate to facilitate the enhancement of the sensitivity and lifetime of these sensors. In this paper we show the main performance parameters of SPR sensors, propose an analysis model and discuss recent work on Graphene enhanced SPR sensors.
Very high quality AlN grown on (0001) sapphire by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (2006)

Very high quality AlN epitaxially grown on (0001) sapphire by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy is investigated by atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and photospectrometry. A clear and continuously linear step-flow pattern with sawtooth shaped terrace edges is observed in atomic force microscopic images. Triple-axis x-ray rocking curves show a full width at half maximum of 11.5 and 14.5arcsec for the (002) and (004) reflections, respectively. KOH etching reveals an etch-pit density of 2×107cm−2, as deduced from atomic force microscopy measurements. The optical transmission spectrum shows a sharp absorption edge with a band gap energy of 6.10eV.
Zinc treatment reverses and anti-Zn-regulated miRs suppress esophageal carcinomas in vivo (2023)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease with few prevention or treatment options. ESCC development in humans and rodents is associated with Zn deficiency (ZD), inflammation, and overexpression of oncogenic microRNAs: miR-31 and miR-21. In a ZD-promoted ESCC rat model with upregulation of these miRs, systemic antimiR-31 suppresses the miR-31-EGLN3/STK40-NF-κB-controlled inflammatory pathway and ESCC. In this model, systemic delivery of Zn-regulated antimiR-31, followed by antimiR-21, restored expression of tumor-suppressor proteins targeted by these specific miRs: STK40/EGLN3 (miR-31), PDCD4 (miR-21), suppressing inflammation, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting ESCC development. Moreover, ESCC-bearing Zn-deficient (ZD) rats receiving Zn medication showed a 47% decrease in ESCC incidence vs. Zn-untreated controls. Zn treatment eliminated ESCCs by affecting a spectrum of biological processes that included downregulation of expression of the two miRs and miR-31-controlled inflammatory pathway, stimulation of miR-21-PDCD4 axis apoptosis, and reversal of the ESCC metabolome: with decrease in putrescine, increase in glucose, accompanied by downregulation of metabolite enzymes ODC and HK2. Thus, Zn treatment or miR-31/21 silencing are effective therapeutic strategies for ESCC in this rodent model and should be examined in the human counterpart exhibiting the same biological processes.
Experimental demonstration of an apodized-imaging chip-fiber grating coupler for Si_3N_4 waveguides (2017)

A silicon nitride waveguide is a promising platform for integrated photonics, particularly due to its low propagation loss compared to other complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible waveguides, including silicon-on-insulator. Input/output coupling in such thin optical waveguides is a key issue for practical implementations. Fiber-to-chip grating couplers in silicon nitride usually exhibit low coupling efficiency because the moderate index contrast leads to weak radiation strengths and poor directionality. Here, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental demonstration of a recently proposed apodized-imaging fiber-to-chip grating coupler in silicon nitride that images an in-plane waveguide mode to an optical fiber placed at a specific distance above the chip. By employing amplitude and phase apodization, the diffracted optical field of the grating is matched to the fiber mode. High grating directionality is achieved by using staircase grating teeth, which produce a blazing effect. Experimental results demonstrate an apodized-imaging grating coupler with a record coupling efficiency of -1.5 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 60 nm in the C-band.
Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva (2022)

Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home tests are key tools in addition to vaccines in the world-wide fight to eliminate national and local shutdowns. However, currently available tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are too expensive, painful, and irritating, or not sufficiently sensitive for routine, accurate home testing. Herein, we employ custom-formulated graphene inks and aerosol jet printing (AJP) to create a rapid electrochemical immunosensor for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in saliva samples acquired non-invasively. This sensor demonstrated limits of detection that are considerably lower than most commercial SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests (22.91 ± 4.72 pg/mL for Spike RBD and 110.38 ± 9.00 pg/mL for Spike S1) as well as fast response time (~30 mins), which was facilitated by the functionalization of printed graphene electrodes in a single-step with SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibody through the carbodiimide reaction without the need for nanoparticle functionalization or secondary antibody or metallic nanoparticle labels. This immunosensor presents a wide linear sensing range from 1 to 1000 ng/mL and does not react with other coexisting influenza viruses such as H1N1 hemagglutinin. By combining high-yield graphene ink synthesis, automated printing, high antigen selectivity, and rapid testing capability, this work offers a promising alternative to current SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests.
New Sorption Cycles for Heat and/or Cold Production Adapted for Long Distance Heat Transmission (2002)

The analysis of the combinations of dipoles, linked by a gas transfer between an endothermic element and an exothermal element, through an exothermal physical-chemical process in thermal contact with an other endothermic process, is the basis of a new process for the transmission at long distance of heat/cold production. The yield of such cycles is identified through the values of the unused exergy, the untapped exergy and the exergy which is produced in excess by the process.
Elaboration of Sterically Hindered δ-Lactones through Ring-Closing Metathesis: Application to the Synthesis of the C1–C27 Fragment of Hemicalide (2016)

The synthesis of the C1-C27 fragment of hemicalide, a marine metabolite displaying a unique potent antiproliferative activity, has been accomplished. The synthetic approach highlights a remarkably efficient ring-closing metathesis reaction catalyzed by Nolan ruthenium indenylidene complexes to elaborate the highly substituted δ-lactone framework.
Protection of Azidothymidine‐Induced Cardiopathology in Mice by Mildronate, a Mitochondria‐Targeted Drug (2006)

Azidothymidine, a nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), is a commonly used antiretroviral drug in AIDS treatment, however its use is limited by severe toxic side effects due to its influence on mitochondria that result in myopathy, particularly affecting the cardiac muscle. We suggest that effective protection of azidothymidine-induced cardiopathology can be expected from drugs that are capable of targeting mitochondria. Therefore the present study in mice was carried out with mildronate, a cardioprotective drug of the aza-butyrobetaine class, which previously has been shown to act as a highly potent protector of mitochondrial processes. In our study, saline (control), azidothymidine (50 mg/kg), mildronate (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), and azidothymidine + mildronate (at the doses mentioned) were injected intraperitoneally daily in separate groups of mice for two weeks. At the termination of the experiment, mice were sacrificed, the hearts were removed and cardiac tissue was examined morphologically and immunohistochemically. It was found that azidothymidine, compared to control and mildronate groups, induced major morphologic changes in cardiac tissue, which were manifestated as degeneration and inflammation. These changes were prevented when mildronate was co-administered with azidothymidine. Mildronate also reduced the azidothymidine-induced expression of nuclear factor kappaBp65 (NF-kappaBp65). The obtained data demonstrate a high ability of mildronate of preventing azidothymidine-induced cardiopathologic changes, and suggest mildronate's indirect action on azidothymidine-caused oxidative stress reactions leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. This offers a rational combination of mildronate with azidothymidine or other anti-HIV drugs for beneficial application in AIDS therapy.
Robust Cell-Load Learning with a Small Sample Set (2021)

Learning of the cell-load in radio access networks (RANs) has to be performed within a short time period. Therefore, we propose a learning framework that is robust against uncertainties resulting from the need for learning based on a relatively small training sample set. To this end, we incorporate prior knowledge about the cell-load in the learning framework. For example, an inherent property of the cell-load is that it is monotonic in downlink (data) rates. To obtain additional prior knowledge we first study the feasible rate region, i.e., the set of all vectors of user rates that can be supported by the network. We prove that the feasible rate region is compact. Moreover, we show the existence of a Lipschitz function that maps feasible rate vectors to cell-load vectors. With these results in hand, we present a learning technique that guarantees a minimum approximation error in the worst-case scenario by using prior knowledge and a small training sample set. Simulations in the network simulator NS3 demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits better robustness and accuracy than standard multivariate learning techniques, especially for small training sample sets.
A Low-Power RF Direct-Conversion Receiver/Transmitter for 2.4-GHz-Band IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS Technology (2006)

This paper presents a low-power RF receiver/transmitter front-end for 2.4-GHz-band IEEE 802.15.4 standard in 0.18-mum CMOS technology. An RF receiver comprises a single-ended low-noise amplifier, a quadrature passive mixer, and a transimpedance amplifier. A current-mode passive mixer showing a very good 1/f noise performance is adopted to convert an RF signal directly to a baseband signal. Moreover, this type of passive mixer shows high-linearity performance, leading to overall RF receiver linearity improvement. A low-power, high-linearity transmitter front-end is implemented by using a passive mixer and two-stage driver amplifier in which the first stage is a conventional cascode amplifier and the second stage uses a folded cascode one. The receiver front-end achieves 30-dB voltage conversion gain, 7.3-dB noise figure with 1/f noise corner frequency of 70 kHz, -8-dBm input third-order intercept point, and +40-dBm input second-order intercept point. The transmitter front-end shows 12-dB power conversion gain, 0-dBm output power with 10-dBm output third-order intercept point, and -30-dB local-oscillator suppression. The receiver and transmitter front-end dissipate 3.5 and 3 mA from a 1.8-V supply, respectively
Intermolecular Hamiltonian for solute–solventn clusters and application to the (1|1) isomer of anthracene–He2 (2003)

Intermolecular kinetic-energy operators are derived (in the rigid monomer approximation) for solute–solventn clusters of the type B–An, where B is a molecule and A is either an atom or a molecule. The operators are obtained for a body-fixed frame embedded in the B moiety and parallel to the principal axes of that species. They are expressed in terms of intermolecular coordinates that represent the projection along the body-fixed axes of position vectors pointing from the center of mass of B to the centers of mass of the A species. The results are particularly useful for calculations on clusters in which A–B interactions dominate over A–A interactions in the intermolecular potential energy surface and/or there is minimal interaction between subsets of the A moieties. This utility is demonstrated in variational calculations of intermolecular states in the (1|1) isomer of anthracene–He2.
Personal information management in a socially networked world (2012)

As more and more information is exchanged digitally, and as the tools for sharing and collaborating become more pervasive, users are presented with new opportunities and challenges in how they manage their personal information. Despite the traditional emphasis on the individual in research related to personal information management (PIM), it is apparent that family, friends, co-workers and other collaborators can strongly influence one's PIM behaviors. In this workshop, we will explore: 1) the role that other people play in an individual's PIM in a variety of collaborative and sharing contexts, and 2) the effects that web and cloud-based services are having on PIM practices. We focus on the challenges users face in an evolving communication ecology when sharing and exposing personal information in a variety of situations.
73 POSSIBLE NEW TREATMENT MODALITY FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. (2007)

<h3></h3> Application of cold to the epicardial surface of the atrium was shown to reverse acetylcholine-induced atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in animal models. Varying the intensity of the cold gives a graded response with respect to time, and it appears that about one-sixth of the atrial surface is needed to effect this response. Intravenous cold saline solution has also been found to be effective for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in dogs induced by atrial pacing in the presence of increased adrenergic tone. The following clinical episode supports the concept that the use of cold could be a possible new treatment modality for atrial fibrillation in humans. A 30-year-old African American male with ventricular septal defect was brought to the catheterization laboratory for left and right heart catheterization and ventriculography. Prior to the procedure, he was placed on telemetry, which revealed atrial fibrillation. This was a new finding as multiple prior ECGs had consistently shown sinus rhythm. During the catheterization, he was injected twice with a bolus of cold saline for cardiac output determination using thermal dilution. After the second injection, it was observed that the atrial fibrillation instantly terminated and did not recur. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. The patient was discharged on Coumadin as prophylaxis against stroke and was discontinued after 6 months. This episode suggests that intravenous injection of cold saline may be effective in cardioversion of human atrial fibrillation. An implanted device therapy based on application of cold to the atrium may be possible from either the endocardial or the epicardial surfaces.
Particle formation by infrared laser ablation of MALDI matrix compounds (2014)

The concentration and size distribution of particles ablated from the infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrix compounds succinic acid (butanedioic acid), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and glycerol were measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer combined with a scanning mobility particle sizer. The two sizing instruments together had a sizing range to from 10 nm to 20 µm. Thin layers of the matrix compounds were irradiated with fluences between 6.0 and 9.5 kJ/m(2) and wavelengths between 2.8 and 3.0 µm. The distribution of particles was characterized by a large concentration of clusters in the 20-nm-diameter range and large component of mass in the range of coarse particle with diameters greater than 1 µm. The wavelength dependence revealed a blue shift for the maximum particle production that is attributed to heating and disruption of the hydrogen bonds in the matrix that shifts the absorption to shorter wavelengths. This blue shift has been observed previously in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.
Towards active multipass Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillators (2017)

Summary form only given. Yb:YAG thin-disk (TD) oscillators are able to deliver energetic femtosecond pulses without external amplification at hundreds of watts average power and MHz repetition rates [1, 2]. Such compact, high-power, low-noise sources are beneficial for scientific experiments and industrial micromachining. They also serve as a great starting point for spectral broadening, which allows transferring their power performance into the sub 20 fs region [3] and to other spectral domains like MIR [3] or XUV [4].In this work, we evaluated the applicability of multi-passing to KLM oscillators. A potential challenge is that high-peak power KLM operation requires the oscillator to run in a narrow region close to its resonatorinstability. However, more passes increase the influence of the thermal lens variation in the TD and, thus, shift the oscillator out of this KLM-region. To test if this prevents useful mode-locked operation a double pass TD oscillator was first built and characterized. This oscillator was then modified to exhibit three folded passes over the TD (Fig. 1). For better comparison with the previous configuration, the repetition rate was kept the same.
Design and fabrication of ultra low-loss, high-performance 3D chip-chip air-clad interconnect pathway (2013)

In this study, we are pursuing an ultra low-loss interconnect pathway for 3D chip-chip connectivity, incorporating air-clad planar interconnects, air-clad TSVs, and gradual vertical-horizontal transitions. The motivation is to create an air-gap technology that offers the lowest possible effective k-value and near zero loss tangent minimizing the dielectric loss. The design and modeling of air-gap interconnection is presented. The fabrication challenges in air-clad interconnect lines are discussed. A monolithic inverted air-gap horizontal transmission line structure is proposed as a means for further decreasing the dielectric loss. Extension of air-clad TSV technology for optical transmission is briefly discussed.
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Low Concentration and Small Sample Volumes (2022)

A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS)-based highly sensitive method utilizing limited sample volumes has been developed to analyze 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in cell samples. Under the constructed HILIC conditions, 5-ALA is completely separated from biomolecules with similar molecular weights (leucine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline, and creatine), allowing for selective quantification through MS/MS. To analyze 5-ALA using limited amounts of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) reaction solution, we established a pretreatment method to handle smaller sample volumes. A calibration curve of 5-ALA standard solutions in the range of 7.5–375 nM shows good quantitation with R2 = 0.999 and satisfactory precision in the range of 0.7–5.3%. The mentioned concentration range corresponds to 1–50 nM in 5-ALA synthase ALAS reaction solution and is below the quantification limit (3.9 nM) of the existing ALAS activity assays. Thus, the proposed method successfully quantifies the 5-ALA concentrations in cell lysates after the ALAS reaction.
Are pacemaker neurons active in eupnea when generated by an intact ponto‐medullary network? (2006)

How respiratory rhythmic activity generated by isolated in vitro preparations relates to eupnea recorded either in vivo or in situ , remains controversial. Some believe that the in vitro respiratory activity is generated by pacemaker neurones in the Pre‐Botzinger complex (PBC) that are dependent on a persistent sodium conductance. However, evidence for pacemaker neurones is based entirely on in vitro evidence; they have never been recorded in vivo . In a neonatal (P6–P10) in situ ponto‐medullary preparation generating eupnea, we made patch clamp recordings from the PBC before and after synaptic blockade of fast excitatory and inhibitory transmission. Following synaptic blockade, most neuronal activities ceased or discharged tonically. However some, having either inspiratory or expiratory‐inspiratory discharge patterns in eupnea, exhibited spontaneous rhythmic bursting. These pacemaker neurones displayed: (i) depolarizing ramp‐like membrane potentials in expiration; (ii) periodic discharges not synchronized with the phrenic burst during establishment of synaptic blockade; (iii) a voltage‐dependency in rhythmic bursting frequency following synaptic blockade; (iv) an elimination of rhythmic discharge by riluzole, a blocker of persistent sodium current. We conclude that we have recorded from pacemaker neurons during eupnea. Their rhythmic activity is defined by excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs in eupnea. Since riluzole blocks gasping, but not eupnea, these Pre‐Botzinger pacemaker neurons are consistent with a role in the neurogenesis of gasping. NIH, Wellcome Trust &amp; BHF funded research.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMISCHE STEREOCHEMIE BEI ((C5H5)MN(CO)NO)2 (1973)

Abstract Für die Komplexverbmdung [(C5H5)Mn(CO)NO]2 sind Tieftemperatur‐NM Spektren und IR‐Lösungsspektren in Einklang mit einer Mischung der unsy metrischen cis‐ und trans‐Isomeren (I)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Neuroprotective Diketopiperazines. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel low cost hole transporting materials for efficient organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (2015)

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as high performance photovoltaic devices with low cost, promising for affordable large-scale energy production. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) from solar energy to electricity in solid state photovoltaic devices has risen from 10% to over 20% within two years of development. To date, a relatively expensive organic hole-conducting molecule with low conductivity, namely Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9′- Spirobifluorene), is employed widely to achieve highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, we report two low cost candidates to replace spiro-OMeTAD for perovskite solar cells, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and copper thiocyanate (CuSCN). Stabilized power conversion efficiency of 6.6% and 9.1% can be obtained when the new materials are used as the hole-conductor respectively, comparing to 9.6% for device using Spiro-OMeTAD.