gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large infrared absorptance of bimaterial microcantilevers based on silicon high contrast grating (2013)

Manufacturing sensors for the mid-IR spectral region (3–11 μm) are especially challenging given the large spectral bandwidth, lack of convenient material properties, and need for sensitivity due to weak sources. Here, we present bimaterial microcantilevers based on silicon high contrast grating (HCG) as alternatives. The grating integrated into the cantilevers leverages the high refractive index contrast between the silicon and its surrounding medium, air. The cantilevers with HCG exhibit larger active spectral range and absorptance in mid-IR as compared to cantilevers without HCG. We design and fabricate two types of HCG bimaterial cantilevers such that the HCG resonance modes occur in mid-IR spectral region. Based on the measurements using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectrometer, we show that the HCG cantilevers have 3–4X wider total IR absorptance bandwidths and 30% larger absorptance peak amplitude than the cantilever without HCG, over the 3–11 μm wavelength region. Based on the enhanced IR absorptance, HCG cantilevers show 13–47X greater responsivity than the cantilever without HCG. Finally, we demonstrate that the enhanced IR sensitivity of the HCG cantilever enables transmission IR spectroscopy with a Michelson interferometer. The HCG cantilever shows comparable signal to noise ratio to a low-end commercial FTIR system and exhibits a linear response to incident IR power.
The Time, Dependence Of The Power Production Capability Of Navstar Global Positioning System Satellites (2005)

Analysis of the performance of NAVSTAR Block I satellite power systems has revealed an unanticipated level of degradation. This paper presents further data on the performance of the power systems on one of the early Block I vehicles. It has been proposed that the origin of this anomalous degradation is photochemical deposition of contaminant films on the surface of the solar array. More detailed modeling of contaminant flow to the solar array supports this hypothesis. A flight test planned for a Block IIA vehicle will more definitively test the efficacy of preventing this degradation mechanism by Sealing vehicle body vents.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL DEPENDENCE AND TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DOUBLE LAYER STRUCTURE AND TOPOGRAPHY OF SILVER ELECTRODES. PART I: SMOOTH SILVER FILMS (1984)

Abstract An auf gedampften (l l l)‐Ag‐Filmen wurde die Doppelschicht‐Kapazität in Lösungen mit verschieden stark adsorbierbaren Spezies untersucht (Potentialbereiche der spezifischen Adsorption von Cl′, S2", CN′, SCN ‐ ).
High-temperature optically pumped 1.55-μm VCSEL operating at 6 Gb/s (2000)

Vertical cavity lasers operating at a wavelength of 1547 nm were optically pumped by a 980-nm diode laser. Continuous-wave fiber-coupled output powers of 2 mW at room temperature and 140 nW at 105/spl deg/C were observed. Fiber optic transmission over 25 km at 6 Gbit/s with a power penalty of 0.3 dB was demonstrated.
Investigation of ion energy distribution functions in EUV-induced plasmas by ion mass spectrometry (2016)

Summary form only given. The creation of plasma by direct photo ionization by extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV, 13.5 nm) is a common phenomenon in extraterrestrial planetary nebulae. However, this process has been difficult to reproduce in a laboratory because of the scarceness of EUV radiation sources. With the development of next-generation lithography tools, using EUV radiation to create smaller features on computer chips, EUV induced plasmas are now created in the low pressure background gas in lithography tools. Industries have realized that these plasmas are of significant importance with respect to machine lifetime. EUV induced plasmas affect exposed surfaces due to impacting ions. In this research an ion mass spectrometer, capable of measuring mass resolved energy spectra, is used to investigate the ion fluxes and ion energy distribution functions (IEDF) of EUV-induced plasmas. A xenon pinch discharge produces EUV radiation, which is focused into a measuring vessel with a low pressure hydrogen environment. In this vessel photo ionization creates free electrons with energies up to 76 eV, which further ionize the background gas by electron impact ionization. Ions are sampled through a 50 μm orifice in the spectrometer's front plate. The influence of pressure and EUV power on the IEDF of the EUV-induces plasma are investigated. The results show the fast transformation of H2+ to H3+ by collisions with the background gas as a decrease in H2+ / H3+-ratio with pressure and distance to the EUV beam.
Substituent Control of Excited State Reactivity: The Intramolecular Ortho Arene-Olefin Photocycloaddition (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent Control of Excited State Reactivity: The Intramolecular Ortho Arene-Olefin PhotocycloadditionJohn M. Nuss, Jason P. Chinn, and Martin M. MurphyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 25, 6801–6802Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00130a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical Planning Through Goal-Conditioned Offline Reinforcement Learning (2022)

Offline Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown potent in many safe-critical tasks in robotics where exploration is risky and expensive. However, it still struggles to acquire skills in temporally extended tasks. In this paper, we study the problem of offline RL for temporally extended tasks. We propose a hierarchical planning framework, consisting of a low-level goal-conditioned RL policy and a high-level goal planner. The low-level policy is trained via offline RL. We improve the offline training to deal with out-of-distribution goals by a perturbed goal sampling process. The high-level planner selects intermediate sub-goals by taking advantages of model-based planning methods. It plans over future sub-goal sequences based on the learned value function of the low-level policy. We adopt a Conditional Variational Autoencoder to sample meaningful high-dimensional sub-goal candidates and to solve the high-level long-term strategy optimization problem. We evaluate our proposed method in long-horizon driving and robot navigation tasks. Experiments show that our method outperforms baselines with different hierarchical designs and other regular planners without hierarchy in these complex tasks.
Do sex steroids exert sex-specific and/or opposite effects on gene expression in lacrimal and meibomian glands? (2009)

Our results support our hypothesis that sex steroids may induce sex-specific and/or opposite effects in the lacrimal and meibomian glands. Whether these actions contribute to the prevalence of dry eye remains to be determined.
Methylprednisolone Therapy in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Analysis of a Regional Spinal Cord Model Systems Database (2017)

This retrospective cohort study involving patients with acute TSCI observed no short-term improvements in motor function among MP recipients compared with nonrecipients. Our findings support current recommendations that MP use in this population should be limited.
Characterization of Thymus-Derived Lymphocyte Subsets in Acute Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Infectious Mononucleosis (1979)

Changes in thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte subpopulation numbers were studied in patients with acute and convalescent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis (LM). T cell subsets were characterized by the presence of Fc receptors for IgG (TG), for IgM (TM) or by the absence of either receptor (Tnon-M, non-G). We found that in acute IM, total numbers of T and B lymphocytes were elevated (p less than 0.01). Of the T lymphocyte subsets, the total number of Tnon-M, non-G lymphocytes was increased six fold compared to normal subjects (p less than 0.001) and included the majority of the atypical T lymphocytes. The number of total TG and TM lymphocytes was moderately increased (p less than 0.05). In convalescent IM patients, the number of total T cells remained slightly elevated (p less than 0.02) whereas proportions and absolute numbers of B lymphocytes and T cell subsets returned to near normal levels. Thus, acute Epstein-Barr virus-induced IM is associated with a T lymphocytosis which is composed predominantly of atypical T cells which lack detectable Fc receptors for IgG or IgM.
War, Women, and Post-conflict Empowerment (2021)

Since the 1991-2002 civil conflict ended in Sierra Leone, the country has failed to translate the accomplishments of women’s involvement in bringing the war to an end into meaningful political empowerment. This is in marked contrast to other post-conflict countries, which have increased the political participation of women in elected and appointed office, increased the representation of women in leadership positions, and enacted constitutional reforms promoting women’s rights.
Mechanism of Photoinduced Charge Transfer of Cu-Doped ZnO Film in Strong Electric Field (1993)

A three-layer film consisting of In-doped ZnO, Cu(Li)-doped ZnO and Au has been prepared by the sputtering method. Photocurrent measurements have been performed by applying a reverse bias to the In-doped ZnO and Au electrodes. Continuous photocurrents are observed at wavelengths shorter than 780 nm, and a distinct peak is seen near 400 nm. Illumination with light of 365 nm during the photocurrent measurements results in an increase in photocurrent near 600 nm, but a decrease in photocurrent near 700 and 400 nm. The mechanism of the photoinduced charge transfer in the three-layer film is discussed on the basis of spectral and time dependence of photocurrent.
Characterization and Evaluation of a Hydrogel-PVC Aberrator Phantom (2020)

Tissue mimicking phantoms are important components for performance testing and characterization of medical ultrasound systems. This article aims to develop a viable phantom model that can represent the acoustic properties of a fatty abdominal wall, which degrades image quality in patients who are classified as hard-to-image. Scans on a standard ultrasound phantom in the presence of the aberrating layer has revealed a marked reduction in image quality metrics. Development of a phantom surrogate that can mimic clutter and aberration similar to the fat layer can help address imaging challenges.
Composites reinforced via mechanical interlocking of surface-roughened microplatelets within ductile and brittle matrices (2016)

Load-bearing reinforcing elements in a continuous matrix allow for improved mechanical properties and can reduce the weight of structural composites. As the mechanical performance of composite systems are heavily affected by the interfacial properties, tailoring the interactions between matrices and reinforcing elements is a crucial problem. Recently, several studies using bio-inspired model systems suggested that interfacial mechanical interlocking is an efficient mechanism for energy dissipation in platelet-reinforced composites. While cheap and effective solutions are available at the macroscale, the modification of surface topography in micron-sized reinforcing elements still represents a challenging task. Here, we report a simple method to create nanoasperities with tailored sizes and densities on the surface of alumina platelets and investigate their micromechanical effect on the energy dissipation mechanisms of nacre-like materials. Composites reinforced with roughened platelets exhibit improved mechanical properties for both organic ductile epoxy and inorganic brittle cement matrices. Mechanical interlocking increases the modulus of toughness (area under the stress-strain curve) by 110% and 56% in epoxy and cement matrices, respectively, as compared to those reinforced with flat platelets. This interlocking mechanism can potentially lead to a significant reduction in the weight of mechanical components while retaining the structural performance required in the application field.
Lengua azul: vacunas, inmunomoduladores e inmunidad protectora (2009)

La Lengua Azul, está producida por un virus ARN del género Orbivirus (familia Reoviridae), considerado como el virus prototipo de este género, del que se conocen al menos 24 serotipos diferentes, no todos patógenos, entre los que no existe inmunidad cruzada, lo que difi culta las estrategias de vacunación. En las dos últimas décadas, y más recientemente desde el verano de 2006, esta enfermedad ha provocado importantes pérdidas económicas, no sólo en las zonas de Europa periódicamente afectadas como los países de la cuenca Mediterránea, sino prácticamente en toda Europa. Los planes de vacunación puestos en marcha por las autoridades sanitarias, han revelado la existencia de reacciones adversas, así como la falta de protección de las vacunas en un elevado porcentaje de casos. En este trabajo pretendemos poner de manifi esto la importancia de conocer los mecanismos inmunológicos que se desarrollan tanto en animales infectados como en animales vacunados. Los mecanismos de acción de cada uno de estos serotipos varían completamente dependiendo de la especie y de la raza afectada. Hasta la fecha son escasos los trabajos in vivo que hayan centrado sus esfuerzos en una caracterización pormenorizada de los mecanismos patogénicos y de la repuesta inmune de cada uno de los serotipos patógenos en las principales especies afectadas por la enfermedad. Sólo con el conocimiento de los mecanismos de acción del virus y con el estudio de los mecanismos que controlar y modulan la respuesta inmune podremos desarrollar herramientas (nuevos adyuvantes, aplicación de inmunomoduladores, etc) que nos permitan mejorar la vacunas existentes, reduciendo las reacciones adversas que producen y potenciando su protección.
Effects of varying oxygen partial pressure on molten silicon-ceramic substrate interactions (1980)

The silicon sessile drop contact angle was measured on hot pressed silicon nitride, silicon nitride coated on hot pressed silicon nitride, silicon carbon coated on graphite, and on Sialon to determine the degree to which silicon wets these substances. The post-sessile drop experiment samples were sectioned and photomicrographs were taken of the silicon-substrate interface to observe the degree of surface dissolution and degradation. Of these materials, silicon did not form a true sessile drop on the SiC on graphite due to infiltration of the silicon through the SiC coating, nor on the Sialon due to the formation of a more-or-less rigid coating on the liquid silicon. The most wetting was obtained on the coated Si3N4 with a value of 42 deg. The oxygen concentrations in a silicon ribbon furnace and in a sessile drop furnace were measured using the protable thoria-yttria solid solution electrolyte oxygen sensor. Oxygen partial pressures of 10 to the minus 7 power atm and 10 to the minus 8 power atm were obtained at the two facilities. These measurements are believed to represent nonequilibrium conditions.
Immunoregulatory functions of paf-acether. VIII. Inhibition of IL-4-induced human IgE synthesis in vitro (1992)

In the present study we showed that paf-acether (paf), a naturally occurring phospholipid cytokine, down-regulated IL-4-induced IgE production by mononuclear cells from healthy nonatopic donors in a dose-dependent fashion from 10 microM to 10 pM. Kinetic studies indicated that addition of paf together with IL-4 strongly decreased IgE synthesis from day 7 up to day 14. By contrast, paf had little or no inhibitory effect on the levels of IgM, total IgG, and IgA production. The inhibition of IgE synthesis by paf occurred independently of known inhibitors of IgE synthesis, IFN-gamma, PGE2, and transforming growth factor-beta because the addition of anti-IFN-gamma (10 micrograms/ml) mAb, indomethacin (0.1 microM), or anti-transforming growth factor-beta (10 micrograms/ml) mAb, together with paf and IL-4, did not overcome the inhibition of IgE synthesis. Finally, paf not only inhibited IL-4-induced IgE production but also reduced both germ-line and productive IgE transcripts levels by 77 and 67%, respectively, suggesting that modulation of IgE production by paf occurred at the transcriptional level. Taken together, these results suggest a novel IgE regulatory mechanism by phospholipid cytokine.
Radial modulation contrast imaging using a 20-mhz single-element intravascular ultrasound catheter (2014)

Contrast-enhanced intravascular ultrasound imaging is a promising tool for the characterization of coronary vasa vasorum proliferation, which has been identified as a marker of, and possible etiologic factor in, the development of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Resonance-based nonlinear detection methods have required the development of prototype catheters which are not commercially available, thus limiting clinical translation. In this study, we investigated the performances of a radial modulation imaging approach (25/3 MHz combination) using simulations, implemented it on a clinical 20-MHz rotating catheter, and tested it in a wall-less tissue-mimicking flow phantom perfused with lipid-encapsulated microbubbles (MBs). The effects of the phase lag, low-frequency pressure, and MB concentration on the envelope subtracted radial modulation signals were investigated as a function of depth. Our dual-pulse dual-frequency approach produced contrast- specific images with contrast-to-tissue improvements over B-mode of 15.1 ± 2.1 dB at 2 mm and 6.8 ± 0.1 dB at 4 mm depths. Using this imaging strategy, 200-μm-diameter cellulose tubing perfused with MBs could be resolved while surrounding tissue scattering was suppressed. These results raise promise for the detection of coronary vasa vasorum and may ultimately facilitate the detection of plaque at risk for rupture.
Grating coupled low loss Ge-on-Si waveguides and multimode interferometers for the mid-infrared (2015)

Germanium-on-silicon is a promising platform for planar photonics over the entire mid-infrared range. We report here grating coupled Ge-on-Si waveguides with record low losses of 0.6dB/cm, multimode interferometers and Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
Efficacy and tolerability of combination cisplatin and ifosfamide chemotherapy with vaginal cuff brachytherapy in the first line treatment of uterine carcinosarcoma. (2016)

Cisplatin and ifosfamide chemotherapy with VCBT was well tolerated and has promising activity in uterine carcinosarcoma.
Robot Raconteur: A communication architecture and library for robotic and automation systems (2011)

Robot Raconteur is a new distributed communication architecture and library designed for robotic and automation systems with distributed resources, including data and program modules. The motivation for this architecture is based on the need to rapidly connect sensors and actuators distributed across a network together in a development environment, such as MATLAB, without time consuming development of data communication infrastructure. The architecture consists of interconnected nodes, communicating through message passing. Each node is typically a process running on a computer or embedded device, which may be a critical real-time, non-critical real-time, or event driven process. Robot Raconteur is organized as three hierarchical levels: channels that provide communication between nodes, message passing which routes messages between endpoints within the nodes, and an object-based client-service model that is built on top of message passing. The implementation of Robot Raconteur nodes so far consists of Microsoft C#, Microsoft C++, MATLAB, MATLAB/Simulink xPC Target, and the Arduino embedded processor. Implementation on four distributed control systems consisted of multiple sensors, actuators, and computation nodes are presented, including smart room (an instrumented room with distributed lighting control and sensor feedback), dual-arm robotic system, multi-probe microassembly station, and adaptive optical scanning microscope.