gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single domain antibody‐based non‐invasive in vivo imaging of tau pathology (2022)

Abstract Background Numerous studies have shown that the extent of pathological tau protein in the brain correlates strongly with the severity of Alzheimer’s dementia at the time of death, and similar association with functional phenotypes have been seen in other tauopathies. In recent years, several dye‐based imaging probes with selectivity for tau aggregates have been developed. However, all are β‐sheet binders with varying affinity for different amyloids, and thereby lack specificity for tau lesions. In contrast, single domain antibodies (sdAbs) are specific for their target and because of their small size have much greater access into the brain than standard whole antibodies. Method To examine sdAbs’ suitability as non‐invasive in vivo imaging probes for tauopathies, we immunized a llama with a full‐length recombinant tau protein followed by boosters with human brain‐derived pathological tau proteins. Phage display libraries were generated from its peripheral blood mononuclear cells and screened for binding to tau proteins using various assays, resulting in a prototype sdAb deemed promising for in vivo imaging. Subsequently, this anti‐tau sdAb was labeled with a near‐infrared tag (680 nm), and injected intravenously in tauopathy and control mice, followed by imaging using an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS). After the imaging, brains were extracted for tissue analysis. Result Intravenous injection of labeled sdAb resulted in a strong in vivo brain signal detected through the intact head in two different models of transgenic tauopathy mice, but not in wild‐type or transgenic α‐synucleinopathy mice. Importantly, the in vivo brain signal correlated strongly with insoluble (r = 0.9839, p &lt; 0.0001) and soluble (human tau (CP27) and phospho‐tau (PHF1): r = 0.9603 and 0.9459, p &lt; 0.0001) tau protein within the brain. Furthermore, postmortem analysis revealed extensive co‐localization of the sdAb imaging probe with tau aggregates within neurons in the endosomal‐lysosomal system, indicating their interaction in these degradation pathways. Conclusion Overall, this specific sdAb imaging ligand has great potential as an in vivo diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, and sdAb‐based imaging may be applicable to a variety of protein conformational disorders.
Heat‐treated softwood exposed to weathering (2003)

Abstract Scots pine samples, heat‐treated (225°C under steam) and reference (kiln‐dried), were exposed to natural weathering for 7 years in Espoo, Finland. The weathered and unweathered samples were examined with FTIR, UV resonance Raman, and 13 C CPMAS NMR spectroscopies. The spectroscopic results revealed that the lignin contents of the weathered heat‐treated and especially of the weathered reference softwood samples diminished significantly. The surface of the weathered heat‐treated sample was still rich in aromatic and conjugated carbonyl structures, whereas the surface of the reference sample was enriched with cellulose. These results indicated that weathering products of lignin were leached out with water from the reference sample, whereas in the heat‐treated wood they were largely unleachable. The structure of the heat‐treated wood was modified and degradation products did not leach out as easily as in the case of the reference sample. The weathering also resulted in a decreased content of amorphous polysaccharides of the reference sample, whereas the changes in the polysaccharide contents between weathered and unweathered heat‐treated samples were not as dramatic because the amorphous carbohydrates were already degraded in the heat treatment. The results indicated that heat‐treated wood is more resistant to natural weathering than untreated wood. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2128–2134, 2004
Chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles for indicating temperature abuse in frozen stored products (2019)

The present study aimed to optimize the conditions for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) using chitosan and to assess its effectiveness as temperature threshold indication for frozen storage conditions. Chitosan concentration of 0.25% and temperature of 90 °C for 15 min was optimum for synthesizing AuNP. The maximum absorbance (<i>λ</i> <sub>max</sub>) was observed at 530 and 540 nm for 0.125% and 0.25% chitosan, respectively, indicating shifting of peak toward longer wavelengths (red shift) with increasing chitosan concentration indicating larger AuNPs. A prominent absorption peak at 1367 cm<sup>-1</sup> by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectrum corresponding to C-C stretching of the glucosamine group of chitosan indicates the chitosan capping on the AuNP. Higher peak intensity and a peak shift toward shorter wavelength were observed for AuNPs exposed to frozen temperature abused conditions. Distinctly clear visible color variation from cherry red to gray indicates its application as temperature abuse indicator in frozen products.
Multi-omics co-localization with genome-wide association studies reveals a context-specific genetic mechanism at a childhood onset asthma risk locus (2019)

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of variants associated with asthma and other complex diseases. However, the functional effects of most of these variants are unknown. Moreover, GWASs do not provide context-specific information on cell types or environmental factors that affect specific disease risks and outcomes. To address these limitations, we used an upper airway (sinonasal) epithelial cell culture model to assess transcriptional and epigenetic responses to an asthma-promoting pathogen, rhinovirus (RV), and provide context-specific functional annotations to variants discovered in GWASs of asthma. Methods Using genome-wide genetic, gene expression and DNA methylation data in vehicle- and RV-treated airway epithelial cells (AECs) from 104 individuals, we mapped cis expression and methylation quantitative trait loci ( cis -eQTLs and cis -meQTLs, respectively) in each condition. A Bayesian test for co-localization between AEC molecular QTLs and adult onset and childhood onset GWAS variants was used to assign function to variants associated with asthma. Mendelian randomization was applied to demonstrate DNA methylation effects on gene expression at asthma colocalized loci. Results Co-localization analyses of airway epithelial cell molecular QTLs with asthma GWAS variants revealed potential molecular disease mechanisms of asthma, including QTLs at the TSLP locus that were common to both exposure conditions and to both childhood and adult onset asthma, as well as QTLs at the 17q12-21 asthma locus that were specific to RV exposure and childhood onset asthma, consistent with clinical and epidemiological studies of these loci. Conclusion This study provides information on functional effects of asthma risk variants in airway epithelial cells and insight into a disease-relevant viral exposure that modulates genetic effects on transcriptional and epigenetic responses in cells and on risk for asthma in GWASs.
Hydrogen dew point control in renewable energy systems using thermoelectric coolers (2008)

This paper describes a system, utilizing the Peltier effect, to reduce and control the dew point of hydrogen gas by water condensation and desublimation using thermoelectric coolers and water cooled heat sinks. The design is compared to a two-tube desiccant-drying system used in some commercial proton exchange membrane electrolyzer systems. The desiccant system in the water electrolyzer consumes roughly 0.2 kg per day of hydrogen product gas (corresponding to 3.4 kWh per kg of hydrogen based on the higher heating value) to maintain the two desiccant beds. Thermodynamic modeling was performed to determine the appropriate sizing for the thermoelectric coolers and water-cooled heat sinks for a 1 Nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> hr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> hydrogen flow rate to obtain a theoretical dew point of -35 degC. The potential benefits and energy consumed by the thermoelectric approach (3.05 kWh per kg of hydrogen) is compared to the hydrogen loss of the desiccant system. The thermoelectric cooler-based system has the ability to control the dew point to match the variable flow rate of hydrogen in a renewable electrolysis system.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia Did Not Enhance the Benefit Conferred by Home Exercises for Frozen Shoulder (2008)

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery: August 01, 2008 - Volume 90 - Issue 8 - p 1792 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.9008.ebo2
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Mg‐Substituted Li4‐xMgxTi5O12 Spinel Electrodes (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) for Lithium Batteries. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance of switch-and-examine DF relay systems with CCI at the relays and destination over Rayleigh fading channels (2013)

In this paper, we evaluate the outage performance of a decode-and-forward (DF) relay system with a low-complexity relay selection schemes in the presence of interference at the relays and destination. The schemes are mainly based on the switch-and-examine diversity combining (SEC) and SEC with post-examine selection (SECps) techniques in which a relay whose second hop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) satisfies a predetermined switching threshold is selected instead of the best relay to forward the source message to destination. In this paper, we first derive the probability density function (PDF) of the SNR of the relay selection scheme and the conditional cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end-to-end (e2e) signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) assuming Rayleigh fading channels. The derived statistics along with the statistics of first hop channels of the relays and the direct link are then used to derive a closed-form expression for the e2e outage probability. We assume that maximal-ratio combining (MRC) is used at the destination to combine the signals of relay and the direct link. Furthermore, to get more about system insights, the outage performance is studied at high SNR regime. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to validate the derived analytical and asymptotic expressions. Main results illustrate that when the interference power does not scale with SNR, the system can still achieve diversity gain, especially, at SNR values that are comparable to the switching threshold. Asymptotic results show that at high SNR values, the system with the SEC and SECps relaying schemes has a diversity order of 2 and approximately the same coding gain.
Structure‐Activity Relationship and Crystallographic Studies on 4‐Hydroxypyrimidine HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Inhibitors (2019)

The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are targets for treatment of a variety of diseases including anaemia. One PHD inhibitor is approved for use for the treatment of renal anaemia and others are in late stage clinical trials. The number of reported templates for PHD inhibition is limited. We report structure-activity relationship and crystallographic studies on a promising class of 4-hydroxypyrimidine-containing PHD inhibitors.
Dual-Readout Sandwich Immunoassay for Device-Free and Highly Sensitive Anthrax Biomarker Detection (2020)

We report a dual-readout, AuNP-based sandwich immunoassay for the device-free colorimetric and sensitive scanometric detection of disease biomarkers. An AuNP-antibody conjugate serves as a signal transduction and amplification agent by promoting the reduction and deposition of either platinum or gold onto its surface, generating corresponding colorimetric or light scattering (scanometric) signals, respectively. We apply the Pt-based colorimetric readout of this assay to the discovery of a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) sandwich pair for the detection of an anthrax protective antigen (PA<sub>83</sub>). The identified antibody pair detects PA<sub>83</sub> down to 1 nM in phosphate-buffered saline and 5 nM in human serum, which are physiologically relevant concentrations. Reducing gold rather than platinum onto the mAb-AuNP sandwich enables scanometric detection of subpicomolar PA<sub>83</sub> concentrations, over 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the colorimetric readout.
2.4.4‐Trichlor‐1.2‐dianisyl‐cyclobutenylium‐pentachlorostannat, ein kristallines Cyclobutenyliumkation (1972)

Abstract 2.4.4‐Trichlor‐3‐hydroxy‐1.3‐di‐ p ‐anisyl‐cyclobuten‐(1) ( 3 ) entsteht aus Perchlorcyclobutenon und Anisol unter Friedel‐Crafts‐Bedingungen. 3 liefert mit Chlorwasserstoff und Zinn(IV)‐chlorid das kristalline Cyclobutenyliumkation 5 .
Comparison of K-Ar and whole-rock Rb-Sr dating in New Quebec and Labrador (1963)

The E.-W.-trending Cape Smith-Wakeham Bay belt in Ungava is bordered on the S. by paragneiss believed to be an extension of the Superior Province (Kenoran age). The belt appears to be synclinal, and consists of 2 unconformably overlying series of folded rocks: the Povungnituk and the Chukotat. On the N. side there is another extensive area of paragneiss of unknown geological relationship. K-Ar age determinations on the rocks of the Chukotat series showed values of about 1450 m.y. In the Povungnituk series, the K-Ar ages varied from 1450-1650 m.y. Basement gneiss on both sides showed K-Ar values from 1600-1800 m.y. On the other hand, whole-rock Rb-Sr age measurements on the gneisses gave values of 2300-2700 m.y. It appears therefore that the belt is a trough bordered on both sides by gneisses of Kenoran age; the sedimentation of the Povungnituk series was completed prior to 1650 m.y., and that of the Chukotat series prior to 1450 m.y. The N.-S.-trending Labrador Trough was found to be quite similar, except that K-Ar ages on the basement gneiss to the W. gave values of 2450 m.y. The rocks in the various Trough strata gave K-Ar ages from 1400-2000 m.y., but no clear evidence that the eastern gneisses were older than the Trough was obtained. Again the whole-rock Rb-Sr ages settled this point with values of 2100 m.y. and 2500 m.y. in the 2 gneiss samples tested. The belt is, therefore, truly a trough, bordered on either side by rocks of Kenoran age.
Influence of Filter Cell Configuration and Process Parameters on the Electro-Osmotic Dewatering of Sewage Sludge (2011)

This article shows a laboratory parametric study carried out for optimizing the electro-dewatering (EOD) of agro-industrial sludge. The sludge dry matter reached 40% w/w after 3 hours of EOD with current density of 80 A/m2, against 20% w/w after 11 hours of mechanical compression. The electricity consumption was 0.27 kWh/kg of water removed. Another advantage of EOD lies on the depolluting effect observed. The chemical oxygen demand of sludge was decreased by 64% probably due to oxidization reactions at anode. 97% of sodium and 63% of iron contained in sludge were also transferred to the filtrate during the treatment.
Interfacial catalysis by phospholipase A2: activation by substrate replenishment (1991)

Polymyxin B (Px), a cyclic cationic peptide, was shown to act as a potent activator of interfacial catalysis by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) acting on dimyristoylphosphatidylmethanol vesicles in the scooting mode. A 7-fold increase in the initial enzymatic velocity was seen with the pig pancreatic PLA2 in the presence of 1 microM Px. Initial experiments including the dependency of the degree of activation by Px on the source of the PLA2 suggested that Px bound to a cationic binding site on the enzyme. However, numerous additional observations led to the conclusion that activation by Px was due to its effects on the substrate interface. For example, the activation by Px was only seen when the PLA2 acted on small vesicles rather than larger ones, and all of the available substrate was eventually hydrolyzed in the presence of a small mole fraction of Px. Px did not promote the intervesicle exchange of PLA2, and it did not alter the binding of the evidence led to the conclusion that Px activated interfacial catalysis by promoting the replenishment of substrate in the enzyme-containing vesicles. When PLA2 was acting on small vesicles in the scooting mode, the observed initial velocity was lower than that measured with large vesicles because the surface concentration of substrate decreased relatively rapidly in the small vesicles. Px promoted the transfer of phospholipids between the vesicles and functioned as an activator by keeping the mole fraction of substrate in the enzyme-containing vesicles close to 1. This effect of Px was consistent with the ability of polycationic peptides to induce the intervesicle mixing of anionic phospholipids in vesicles [Bondeson, J., & Sundler, R. (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Act 1026, 186-194]. Activation by substrate replenishment was quantitatively predicted by the theory of interfacial catalysis on vesicles in the scooting mode. The role of substrate replenishment in the kinetics of interfacial catalysis in phospholipid micelles was discussed. Finally, the protocols developed in this paper were outlined in view of their utility in the analysis of activators of interfacial catalysis.
Application-driven synthesis of memory-intensive systems-on-chip (1999)

Due to the increasing popularity of multimedia and communications applications, requirements for application-specific systems typically include design flexibility and data management ability. Since the development of such systems is a market-driven task, reducing the time to market and manufacturing cost, while still satisfying application performance requirements, is an important system synthesis requirement. We have developed a new approach for area optimization of core-based systems. The approach uses basic block relocation in order to reduce the number of cache misses and, thus, enable hardware savings during system synthesis. Given a processor model, a cache model, and a set of nonpreemptive tasks with timing constraints, the goal of the synthesis framework is to select a system configuration (processor, I-cache, and D-cache) of minimal area that satisfies the performance constraints. The system synthesis framework has two key components. The first component is a code optimization engine that relocates basic blocks within a given assembly program in order to reduce the number of cache misses. The second component is a search mechanism that leverages the improvements in code performance obtained by the first component to select the most area-efficient system configuration. In order to bridge the gap between the profiling and modeling tools, we have constructed a new performance evaluation platform. It integrates the existing modeling, profiling, and simulation tools with the developed system-level synthesis tools. The effectiveness of the synthesis approach is demonstrated on a variety of modern real-life multimedia and communication applications.
Catalytic and Enantioselective Route to Medium-Ring Heterocycles. Asymmetric Zirconium-Catalyzed Ethylmagnesation of Seven- and Eight-Membered Rings (1996)

A variety of medium-ring heterocycles, prepared efficiently by the Ru-catalyzed diene metathesis method, undergo asymmetric catalytic ethylmagnesation to afford nonracemic unsaturated alcohols and amides in excellent enantiomeric purity (>98% ee). Noteworthy features of these studies are as follows: (i) Eight-membered unsaturated tosyl amides are readily prepared by transition-metal-catalyzed metathesis. (ii) With six-, seven-, and eight-membered N-containing substrates the presence of an electron-withdrawing Ts unit is required for efficient carbomagnesation (corresponding alkylamines are inert). Chiral medium-ring heterocycles are resolved by the Zr-catalyzed C−C bond-forming reaction to afford recovered starting materials in up to >99% ee. The kinetic resolution data indicate that simple steric models can reliably predict the sense of the asymmetric induction in the asymmetric carbomagnesation or kinetic resolution. However, experimental results presented herein also illustrate that the observed levels of enantioselectivity cannot be predicted on the basis of such paradigms.
Low Power and Power Management for CMOS—An EDA Perspective (2008)

Power management and power optimization continue to play a crucial role as CMOS technology scales further beyond 45 nm not just because of the stringent power budgets, particularly for untethered systems, but also because of reliability considerations, and of packaging and cooling costs as well. Process technologists have the biggest role in coming up with device solutions to optimize dynamic power and, most importantly, to suppress wasteful leakage power. However, the management of power hardly stops there. Developers of engineering design automation (EDA) tools have a major and significant role in automating power management techniques realized by circuit, logic, and system designers. This paper addresses power management and optimization with a special emphasis on the role the EDA tools play. It also discusses the close chronological relation between advances in device technology and the corresponding efforts that follow in design automation to address the implications of those device advances.
Enzyme‐Loaded Nanoreactors Enable the Continuous Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Artificial Metabolisms (2021)

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme for numerous biocatalytic pathways. While in nature, NAD + is continuously regenerated from NADH by enzymes, all synthetic NAD + regeneration strategies require a continuous supply of expensive reagents and generate byproducts, making these strategies unattractive. In contrast, we present an artificial enzyme combination that produces NAD + from oxygen and water continuously; no additional organic substrates are required once a minimal amount pyruvate is supplied. Three enzymes, i.e., LDH, LOX, and CAT, are covalently encapsulated into a substrate‐permeable silica nanoreactor by a mild fluoride‐catalyzed sol–gel process. The enzymes retain their activity inside of the nanoreactors and are protected against proteolysis and heat. We successfully used NAD + from the nanoreactors for the continuous production of NAD + i) to sense glucose in artificial glucose metabolism, and ii) to reduce the non‐oxygen binding methemoglobin to oxygen‐binding hemoglobin. This latter conversion might be used for the treatment of Methemoglobinemia . We believe that this versatile tool will allow the design of artificial NAD + ‐dependent metabolisms or NAD + ‐mediated redox‐reactions.
Novel Cyclic Biphalin Analogue with Improved Antinociceptive Properties (2014)

Two novel opioid analogues have been designed by substituting the native d-Ala residues in position 2,2' of biphalin with two residues of d-penicillamine or l-penicillamine and by forming a disulfide bond between the thiol groups. The so-obtained compound 9 containing d-penicillamines showed excellent μ/δ mixed receptor affinities (K i (δ) = 5.2 nM; K i (μ) = 1.9 nM), together with an efficacious capacity to trigger the second messenger and a very good in vivo antinociceptive activity, whereas product 10 was scarcely active. An explanation of the two different pharmacological behaviors of products 9 and 10 was found by studying their conformational properties.