gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of an Ultrasonic array sensor to air-water bubbly flow measurement (2009)

The ultrasonic array sensor, which has been successfully applied in the field of medical diagnostics and non-destructive testing, was applied to single-phase and two-phase flow measurement. The applied array sensor has 128 elements on the surface and each of them has a basic frequency of 8 MHz. Flow measurement using the array sensor is very effective, because it can obtain the cross-sectional flow visualization images from outside the pipe without disturbing flows. In this study, the ultrasonic sound pressure distributions were measured by the sound field measuring system, and the ultrasonic beam characteristics and the grouping effects of elements were investigated from the sound pressure field. The velocity profiles of single-phase flows in a rectangular channel were measured with Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler (UVP) by scanning the parallel ultrasonic beam emitted from the array sensor. Furthermore, an ultrasonic array measuring system, which consists of a pulser/receiver, a multiplexer, an A/D converter and a signal processing device, was developed for the improvement of temporal resolution in bubbly flow measurement using the ultrasonic array sensor. Then the bubble distributions in the channel cross-section were confirmed by using the echo signals reflected from bubbles.
Necessary and Unnecessary Distractor Avoidance Movements Affect User Behaviors in Crossing Operations (2020)

The “crossing time” to pass between objects in lassoing tasks is predicted by Fitts’ law. When an unwanted object, or obstacle , intrudes into the user’s path, users curve the stroke to avoid hitting that obstacle. We empirically show that, in the presence of an obstacle, modified Fitts models for pointing with obstacle avoidance can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of movement time compared with standard Fitts’ law. Yet, we also found that when an object is (only) close to the crossing path, i.e., a distractor , users still curve their stroke, even though the object does not intrude. We tested the effects of distractor proximity and length. While the crossing motion is modified by a nearby distractor, our results also identify that overall its effect on crossing times was small, and thus Fitts’ law can still be applied safely with distractors.
Initial intraocular pressure reduction by mono‐ versus multi‐therapy in patients with open‐angle glaucoma: results from the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (2018)

Intensive treatment led to considerably greater IOP reduction than mono-therapy. Among patients with IOP ≥30 mmHg at diagnosis an IOP of <16 was reached in 2/3 of those with multi-therapy but in none with mono-therapy. The IOP reduction was highly dependent on the untreated IOP level.
Support for the use of thermoplastic bite impressions to aid in the identification of missing and unknown children. (2005)

This paper presents a response to the editorial opinion expressed in the position paper "Promotion of the Use of a Thermoplastic Material to Aid in the Identification of Unidentified Human Remains," published on page 14 of this issue of the JOURNAL OF THE MASSACHUSETTS DENTAL SOCIETY. No references were cited in that paper: Because the mission of the American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO) is to "promote and enhance the science of forensic odontology" and realizing that the ABFO Guidelines on bite mark evidence has failed law enforcement in several high-profile cases in the past, it is necessary to publish a referenced response addressing some of the statements that were made in the ABFO article.
Measurement of the mechanical properties of granular packs by wavelength-scanning interferometry (2009)

A wavelength-scanning interferometer has been constructed to observe both the normal and in-plane displacements particle by particle at the base of a model granular pack. The pack comprised 25 000 steel beads supported by a thick glass substrate and was subjected to local disturbing forces on its upper surface. The system allows measurement of normal displacements of the beads to a precision of ca 0.1 nm, thereby providing highly accurate determination of contact forces while minimizing artefacts due to substrate and grain compliance. The probability distribution of the normalized contact force was found to be approximately independent of the applied load on the upper surface of the granular pack and has an exponential tail. The probability distributions of the normalized response force and lateral displacement have similar power-law tails. The interactions between contact forces and lateral displacements suggest that significant internal rearrangement occurs in the granular pack as the load is increased, and particle displacement plays an important role in the mechanics of the granular material.
Kinetics and mechanism of the interaction of potassium peroxydisulfate and 18-crown-6 in aqueous media (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the interaction of potassium peroxydisulfate and 18-crown-6 in aqueous mediaJerald K. Rasmussen, Steven M. Heilmann, Paul E. Toren, Alphonsus V. Pocius, and Thomas A. KotnourCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 23, 6845–6849Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00361a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00361a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cover Image (2022)

COVER ILLUSTRATION The Structural Connectivity Atlas (SCA). Using the distribution of white matter tracts throughout the brain, an automated algorithm creates a personalized brain atlas comprised of 379 parcels unsusceptible to structural deformity or inter-individual differences.
ISA-TAB-Nano: A Specification for Sharing Nanomaterial Research Data in Spreadsheet-based Format (2013)

The ISA-TAB-Nano file formats provide a general and flexible framework to record and integrate nanomaterial descriptions, assay data (metadata and endpoint measurements) and protocol information. Like ISA-TAB, ISA-TAB-Nano supports the use of ontology terms to promote standardized descriptions and to facilitate search and integration of the data. The ISA-TAB-Nano specification has been submitted as an ASTM work item to obtain community feedback and to provide a nanotechnology data-sharing standard for public development and adoption.
Detection of specific antibody-ligand interactions with a self-induced back-action actuated nanopore electrophoresis sensor (2019)

Recent advances in plasmonic nanopore technologies have enabled the use of concurrently acquired bimodal optical-electrical data for improved quantification of molecular interactions. This work presents the use of a new plasmonic nanosensor employing self-induced back-action (SIBA) for optical trapping to enable SIBA-actuated nanopore electrophoresis (SANE) for quantifying antibody-ligand interactions. T-cell receptor-like antibodies (TCRmAbs) engineered to target peptide-presenting major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands, representing a model of target ligands presented on the surface of cancer cells, were used to test the SANE sensor's ability to identify specific antibody-ligand binding. Cancer-irrelevant TCRmAbs targeting the same pMHCs were also tested as a control. It was found that the sensor could provide bimodal molecular signatures that could differentiate between antibody, ligand and the complexes that they formed, as well as distinguish between specific and non-specific interactions. Furthermore, the results suggested an interesting phenomenon of increased antibody-ligand complex bound fraction detected by the SANE sensor compared to that expected for corresponding bulk solution concentrations. A possible physical mechanism and potential advantages for the sensor's ability to augment complex formation near its active sensing volume at concentrations lower than the free solution equilibrium binding constant (<i>K</i><sub><i>D</i></sub>) are discussed.
Automatic Contour Propagation in Cine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images (2006)

We have developed a method for automatic contour propagation in cine cardiac magnetic resonance images. The method consists of a new active contour model that tries to maintain a constant contour environment by matching gray values in profiles perpendicular to the contour. Consequently, the contours should maintain a constant position with respect to neighboring anatomical structures, such that the resulting contours reflect the preferences of the user. This is particularly important in cine cardiac magnetic resonance images because local image features do not describe the desired contours near the papillary muscle. The accuracy of the propagation result is influenced by several parameters. Because the optimal setting of these parameters is application dependent, we describe how to use full factorial experiments to optimize the parameter setting. We have applied our method to cine cardiac magnetic resonance image sequences from the long axis two-chamber view, the long axis four-chamber view, and the short axis view. We performed our optimization procedure for each contour in each view. Next, we performed an extensive clinical validation of our method on 69 short axis data sets and 38 long axis data sets. In the optimal parameter setting, our propagation method proved to be fast, robust, and accurate. The resulting cardiac contours are positioned within the interobserver ranges of manual segmentation. Consequently, the resulting contours can be used to accurately determine physiological parameters such as stroke volume and ejection fraction.
On the nonlinear tolerance of 42.8-Gb/s DPSK with co-propagating OFDM neighbors (2009)

The nonlinear tolerance of 42.8-Gb/s DPSK is investigated with co-propagating OFDM neighbors. It is found that the XPM that is generated by co-propagating OFDM neighbors is significantly stronger than DPSK and furthermore dependent on the spectral width of the OFDM signal.
Analytical and Preparative Instrumentation (2014)

This new adaption of the Asynt Vortex overhead stirrer is designed for the requirements of users who need to test new formulations and blends in parallel. The Vortex Blend offers an efficient, space-saving way of performing three blending experiments in parallel. Benefiting from a three-way gearbox and integral heating plate, the Vortex Blend economizes valuable lab space and ensures that parallel experiments have identical stirring rates and heating rates/temperature conditions. The Vortex Blend incorporates a standard overhead stirrer motor and hotplate for operation.
Controlled degradation of multilayered poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) films using electron beam irradiation (2007)

The ability to undergo predictable and controlled degradation allows biopolymers to release prescribed dosages of drugs locally over a sustained period. However, the bulk or homogeneous degradation of some of these polymers like poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) work against a better controlled release of the drugs. Inducing the polymers to undergo surface erosion or layer-by-layer degradation could provide a better process of controlled drug release from the polymers. This study has demonstrated that surface erosion degradation of PLGA is possible with the use of a multilayer film system, with PPdlLGA [plasticized poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PdlLGA)] as the surface layers and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) as the center layer. The use of the more hydrophilic PPdlLGA as the surface layer resulted in a faster degradation of the surface layers compared to the center layer, thus giving a surface erosion degradation effect. The rate of surface degradation could also be controlled with electron beam (e-beam) radiation, where e-beam irradiation was shown to alter the degradation time and onset of polymer mass loss. It was also shown that the more highly irradiated PPdlLGA surface layers had an earlier onset of mass loss, which resulted in a faster reduction in overall film thickness. The ability to control the rate of film thickness reduction with different radiation dose promises a better controlled release of drugs from this multilayer PLGA film system.
Incorporating Intel ® MMX$^{\rm TM}$ technology into a Java$^{\rm TM}$ JIT compiler$^{1}$ (1999)

Intel ® MMX${}^{\rm TM}$ technology can be exploited by a Java${}^{\rm TM}$ JIT compiler to speedup the execution of integer operations. While translating bytecode into Intel machine code, the compiler identifies innermost loops that allow the same integer operations to be applied to multiple data elements in parallel and generates code that uses Intel ® MMX${}^{\rm TM}$ technology to execute these loops in SIMD fashion. In the context of JIT compilation, compile-time directly contributes to the run-time of the application. Therefore, limiting program analysis-time and synthesis-time is even more important than in a static compilation model. The compiler must also ensure that arithmetic precision and the exception handling semantics specified by the JVM are preserved.
Synthesis and Performance of Acyloxy-diene-Fe(CO)3 Complexes with Variable Chain Lengths as Enzyme-Triggered Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (2013)

Novel η4-acyloxy-cyclohexadiene-Fe(CO)3 complexes (with variable length of the acyloxy chain) were synthesized as potential enzyme-triggered carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (ET-CORMs). The molecular structure of two complexes was additionally confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The enzyme-triggered CO-releasing activity of the compounds was assessed under physiological conditions (37 °C, 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH = 7.4) by headspace gas chromatography (GC) and additionally by means of a myoglobin assay (UV). The relative rate of CO release and the amount of liberated CO were found to depend on the length of the acyloxy chain and its position at the diene unit (outer or inner position). Some of the new ET-CORMs exhibited very good biological activity as assessed in different cellular assays (cytotoxicity, protective effect against hypothermia-associated cell damage, and inhibition of TNF-α-mediated VCAM-1 expression).
Fusion of ultrasound harmonic imaging with clutter removal using sparse signal separation (2015)

In ultrasound, second harmonic imaging is usually preferred due to the higher clutter artifacts and speckle noise common in the first harmonic image. Typical ultrasound use either one or the other image, applying corresponding filters for each case. In this work we propose a method based on a joint sparsity model that fuses the first and second harmonic images while performing clutter mitigation and noise reduction. Our approach, Fused Morphological Component Analysis (FMCA), uses two adaptive dictionaries for characterizing the clutter components in each image, and a common dictionary for the tissue representation. Our results indicate that the obtained images contain less clutter artifacts, less speckle noise and as such enjoy of the benefits of both harmonic input images.
Response of Arabidopsis thaliana and Mizuna Mustard Seeds to Simulated Space Radiation Exposures (2022)

One of the major concerns for long-term exploration missions beyond the Earth's magnetosphere is consequences from exposures to solar particle event (SPE) protons and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). For long-term crewed Lunar and Mars explorations, the production of fresh food in space will provide both nutritional supplements and psychological benefits to the astronauts. However, the effects of space radiation on plants and plant propagules have not been sufficiently investigated and characterized. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two different compositions of charged particles-simulated GCR, and simulated SPE protons on dry and hydrated seeds of the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and the crop plant Mizuna mustard [<i>Brassica rapa var. japonica</i>]. Exposures to charged particles, simulated GCRs (up to 80 cGy) or SPEs (up to 200 cGy), were performed either acutely or at a low dose rate using the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) facility at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL). Control and irradiated seeds were planted in a solid phytogel and grown in a controlled environment. Five to seven days after planting, morphological parameters were measured to evaluate radiation-induced damage in the seedlings. After exposure to single types of charged particles, as well as to simulated GCR, the hydrated <i>Arabidopsis</i> seeds showed dose- and quality-dependent responses, with heavier ions causing more severe defects. Seeds exposed to simulated GCR (dry seeds) and SPE (hydrated seeds) had significant, although much less damage than seeds exposed to heavier and higher linear energy transfer (LET) particles. In general, the extent of damage depends on the seed type.
DC-SIGN Increases the Affinity of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Interaction with CD4 (2011)

Mannose-binding C-type lectin receptors, expressed on Langerhans cells and subepithelial dendritic cells (DCs) of cervico-vaginal tissues, play an important role in HIV-1 capture and subsequent dissemination to lymph nodes. DC-SIGN has been implicated in both productive infection of DCs and the DC-mediated trans infection of CD4(+) T cells that occurs in the absence of replication. However, the molecular events that underlie this efficient transmission have not been fully defined. In this study, we have examined the effect of the extracellular domains of DC-SIGN and Langerin on the stability of the interaction of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein with CD4 and also on replication in permissive cells. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that DC-SIGN increases the binding affinity of trimeric gp140 envelope glycoproteins to CD4. In contrast, Langerin had no effect on the stability of the gp140:CD4 complex. In vitro infection experiments to compare DC-SIGN enhancement of CD4-dependent and CD4-independent strains demonstrated significantly lower enhancement of the CD4-independent strain. In addition DC-SIGN increased the relative rate of infection of the CD4-dependent strain but had no effect on the CD4-independent strain. DC-SIGN binding to the HIV envelope protein effectively increases exposure of the CD4 binding site, which in turn contributes to enhancement of infection.
DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 Mediate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capture by Platelets (2006)

Platelets can engulf human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and a significant amount of HIV-1 in the blood of infected individuals is associated with these cells. However, it is unclear how platelets capture HIV-1 and whether platelet-associated virus remains infectious. DC-SIGN and other lectins contribute to capture of HIV-1 by dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitate HIV-1 spread in DC/T-cell cocultures. Here, we show that platelets express both the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and low levels of DC-SIGN. CLEC-2 bound to HIV-1, irrespective of the presence of the viral envelope protein, and facilitated HIV-1 capture by platelets. However, a substantial fraction of the HIV-1 binding activity of platelets was dependent on DC-SIGN. A combination of DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 inhibitors strongly reduced HIV-1 association with platelets, indicating that these lectins are required for efficient HIV-1 binding to platelets. Captured HIV-1 was maintained in an infectious state over several days, suggesting that HIV-1 can escape degradation by platelets and might use these cells to promote its spread. Our results identify CLEC-2 as a novel HIV-1 attachment factor and provide evidence that platelets capture and transfer infectious HIV-1 via DC-SIGN and CLEC-2, thereby possibly facilitating HIV-1 dissemination in infected patients.
Data from Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Metabolism in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme: Functionality of CYP27B1 Splice Variants, Metabolism of Calcidiol, and Effect of Calcitriol (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; A better understanding of the vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; metabolism is required to evaluate its potential therapeutic value for cancers. Here, we set out to contribute to the understanding of vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; metabolism in glioblastoma multiforme.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We did nested touchdown reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to identify CYP27B1 splice variants and real-time RT-PCR to quantify the expression of CYP27B1. A cell line was treated with calcitriol to determine the effect on the expression of CYP27B1, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-24-hydroxylase (CYP24), and vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; receptor (VDR). We generated three antibodies for the specific detection of CYP27B1 and splice variants. High-performance TLC was done to determine the endogenous CYP27B1 activity and the functionality of CYP27B1 splice variants. Using WST-1 assay, we determined the effect of vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; metabolites on proliferation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We report a total of 16 splice variants of CYP27B1 in glioblastoma multiforme and a different expression of CYP27B1 and variants between glioblastoma multiforme and normal tissues. We found preliminary evidence for enzymatic activity of endogenous CYP27B1 in glioblastoma multiforme cell cultures but not for the functionality of the splice variants. By adding calcitriol, we found a proliferative effect for some cell lines depending on the dose of calcitriol. The administration of calcitriol led to an elevated expression of CYP27B1 and CYP24 but left the expression of the VDR unaltered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings show that glioblastoma multiforme cell lines metabolize calcidiol. In addition, we show various effects mediated by calcitriol. We found a special vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; metabolism and mode of action in glioblastoma multiforme that has to be taken into account in future vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–related therapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;