gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cost-Aware Elasticity Provisioning System for the Cloud (2011)

In this paper we present Kingfisher, a cost-aware system that provides efficient support for elasticity in the cloud by (i) leveraging multiple mechanisms to reduce the time to transition to new configurations, and (ii) optimizing the selection of a virtual server configuration that minimizes the cost. We have implemented a prototype of Kingfisher and have evaluated its efficacy on a laboratory cloud platform. Our experiments with varying application workloads demonstrate that Kingfisher is able to (i) decrease the cost of virtual server resources by as much as 24% compared to the current cost-unaware approach, (ii) reduce by an order of magnitude the time to transition to a new configuration through multiple elasticity mechanisms in the cloud, and (iii), illustrate the opportunity for design alternatives which trade-off the cost of server resources with the time required to scale the application.
The frequency of CD127low expressing CD4+CD25high T regulatory cells is inversely correlated with human T lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) proviral load in HTLV-1-infection and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (2008)

Taken together, the results suggest that TReg cells may be subverted in HAM/TSP patients, which could explain the marked cellular activation, spontaneous cytokine production, and proliferation of CD4+ T cells, in particular those expressing the CD25highCD127low phenotype. TReg cells represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention for patients with HTLV-1-related neurological diseases.
Dynamic Estimation of Rigid Motion from Perspective Views via Recursive Identification of Exterior Differential Systems with Parameters on a Topological Manifold (1994)

We formulate the problem of estimating the motion of a rigid object viewed under perspective projection as the identification of a dynamic model in Exterior Differential form with parameters on a topological manifold. &#13;\n&#13;\nWe first describe a general method for recursive identification of nonlinear implicit systems using prediction error criteria. The parameters are allowed to move slowly on some topological (not necessarily smooth) manifold. The basic recursion is solved in two different ways: one is based on a simple extension of the traditional Kalman Filter to nonlinear and implicit measurement constraints, the other may be regarded as a generalized "Gauss-Newton" iteration, akin to traditional Recursive Prediction Error Method techniques in linear identification. A derivation of the "Implicit Extended Kalman Filter" (IEKF) is reported in the appendix. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe ID framework is then applied to solving the visual motion problem: it indeed is possible to characterize it in terms of identification of an Exterior Differential System with parameters living on a C0 topological manifold, called the "essential manifold". We consider two alternative estimation paradigms. The first is in the local coordinates of the essential manifold: we estimate the state of a nonlinear implicit model on a linear space. The second is obtained by a linear update on the (linear) embedding space followed by a projection onto the essential manifold. These schemes proved successful in performing the motion estimation task, as we show in experiments on real and noisy synthetic image sequences.
Blue energy fuels: converting ocean wave energy to carbon-based liquid fuels via CO2 reduction (2019)

Sequestering CO<sub>2</sub> in the form of carbon-based liquid fuels would provide both a convenient and sustainable form of energy for practical use as well as mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.
Learning as Search Optimization: Approximate Large Margin Methods for Structured Prediction (2009)

Mappings to structured output spaces (strings, trees, partitions, etc.) are typically learned using extensions of classification algorithms to simple graphical structures (eg., linear chains) in which search and parameter estimation can be performed exactly. Unfortunately, in many complex problems, it is rare that exact search or parameter estimation is tractable. Instead of learning exact models and searching via heuristic means, we embrace this difficulty and treat the structured output problem in terms of approximate search. We present a framework for learning as search optimization, and two parameter updates with convergence theorems and bounds. Empirical evidence shows that our integrated approach to learning and decoding can outperform exact models at smaller computational cost.
Vibration Analysis, Model Prediction, and Avoidance: A Case History (2006)

Abstract In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on technical limits with respect to drilling operations. Oil and gas companies strive to be amongst the highest ranked in operational efficiency with respect to industry related benchmarking statistics. Increasingly complex drilling scenarios, both surface and down hole, coupled with extremely high operating day-rates provide a challenging environment for those partaking in such operations. The risks are high, but the rewards are as well. Companies that can operate efficiently in such scenarios will most certainly reap the rewards. Understanding technical limits and achieving operational excellence requires proper planning. Unfortunately, proper planning is only a part of the equation. The complexity of the subsurface environment generally results in deviation from planned operations. These deviations may result in significant non-productive time or in equipment failure. Reducing such incidents requires knowledge that the incident took place. Knowledge that the incident took place requires accurate data mining and retrieval as there may be significant time between operations, and knowledge transfer can be lost due to personnel changes. Additionally, an understanding of the root cause of an incident needs to be understood to prevent future incidents. This is generally more difficult to get a handle on. Applying post failure analysis utilizing engineering software applications is an essential part of determining the causes of non-productive time incidents and equipment failures. One could also surmise that it is a critical part of the planning process even though the analysis is after the fact. Reviwing lessons learned is a critical part of any planning process. In high risk, high cost environments, such as ultra-deep, ultra-deep waters, refining advanced technologies for successful completion of wells is paramount. Challenges are still very much associated with complex BHAs (bottomhole assemblies) and with the vibration of the drillstring. The more widespread use of sophisticated downhole tools — for both directional telemetry and for logging while drilling applications (as part of the front line data acquisition system within the drilling process) — has meant that reliability is of prime importance1–5. This paper presents and validates an existing model to predict severe, damaging vibrations. The paper also reviews analysis techniques and guidelines to successfully avoid the vibration damage to downhole tools and their associated down hole assemblies.
Multi-channel Jamming Attacks using Cognitive Radios (2007)

To improve spectrum efficiency, future wireless devices will use cognitive radios to dynamically access spectrum. While offering great flexibility and software-reconfigurability, unsecured cognitive radios can be easily manipulated to attack legacy and future wireless networks. In this paper, we explore the feasibility and impact of cognitive radio based jamming attacks on 802.11 networks. We show that attackers can utilize cognitive radios' fast channel switching capability to amplify their jamming impact across multiple channels using a single radio. We also examine the impact of hardware channel switching delays and jamming duration on the impact of jamming.
Measurement of CP asymmetry in B s 0  → D s ∓ K ± decays (2014)

We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in B 0 s D s K decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb -1 of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables C f = 0.530.250.04, A f = 0.370.420.20, A f = 0.200.410.20, S f = -1.090.330.08, S f = -0.36 0.34 0.08, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using these observables together with a recent measurement of the B 0 s mixing phase -2 s leads to the first extraction of the CKM angle from B 0 s D s K decays, finding = (115 +28 -43 ) modulo 180 at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Layered steered space-time codes using multi-dimensional sphere packing modulation (2009)

We present a novel multi-functional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme, that combines the benefits of space-time codes (STC), of vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) scheme as well as of beamforming. To further enhance the attainable system performance and to maximise the coding advantage of the proposed transmission scheme, the system is also combined with multi-dimensional sphere packing (SP) modulation. Additionally, we quantify the capacity of the proposed multi-functional MIMO aided multi-dimensional SP arrangement and propose a novel technique of computing an upper limit on the achievable bandwidth efficiency of the system based on extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Further system performance improvements can be attained by serially concatenating our proposed scheme with an outer code together with a unity-rate code (URC), where three different receiver structures are created by varying the iterative detection configuration of the constituent decoders/demappers. Moreover, the convergence behaviour of the proposed schemes is evaluated with the aid of EXIT charts. Explicitly, the three proposed systems are capable of operating within 0.9 dB, 0.6 dB and 0.4 dB of the maximum achievable rate limit. Additionally, the three stage assisted SP aided scheme is capable of outperforming its counterpart employing QPSK by 1 dB at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> .
Exact common information (2014)

This paper introduces the notion of exact common information, which is the minimum description length of the common randomness needed for the exact distributed generation of two correlated random variables (X, Y). We introduce the quantity G(X; Y) = min <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X→W→Y</inf> H(W) as a natural bound on the exact common information and study its properties and computation. We then introduce the exact common information rate, which is the minimum description rate of the common randomness for the exact generation of a 2-DMS (X, Y). We give a multiletter characterization for it as the limit Ḡ(X; Y) = lim <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n→∞</inf> (1/n)G(X <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> ; Y <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> ). While in general Ḡ(X; Y) is greater than or equal to the Wyner common information, we show that they are equal for the Symmetric Binary Erasure Source. We do not know, however, if the exact common information rate has a single letter characterization in general.
Efficacy of tumor treatment field (TTF) therapy alone and in combination with chemotherapyin pancreatic cancer preclinical models. (2012)

e14616 Background: TTF therapy is a novel, non-invasive treatment modality for solid tumors and was recently approved by the FDA for recurrent glioblastoma. It utilizes alternating electric fields to inhibit tumor growth, by mitotic spindle disruption and destruction of plasma membrane integrity during cytokinesis. TTF inhibits the growth of many solid tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The optimal treatment for pancreas cancer remains elusive, thus we sought to evaluate the efficacy of TTF in pre-clinical pancreatic cancer models. Methods: Cultures of hamster and human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC1-0 and AsPC-1, respectively) were treated with TTF (frequencies ranging from 75 to 300 kHz), using two pairs of perpendicularly oriented insulated transducer arrays. Once determining optimal frequency, TTF was combined with chemotherapy (gemcitabine or 5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU). Hamsters bearing syngeneic, orthotopic pancreatic tumors were treated with either TTF alone or in combination with gemcitabine or 5-FU. Results: TTF treatment had significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cultures. The maximal inhibitory effect for PC1-0 and ASPC-1 was observed when TTF frequencies of 100 and 150 kHz were applied (respectively). The application of TTF to cultures treated with either gemcitabine or 5-FU resulted in an additive inhibitory effect. In-vivo, TTF therapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, resulted in a significant decrease in tumor weight and volume. Compared to chemotherapy alone, TTF increased tumor response to both gemcitabine and 5-FU. Histological analysis demonstrated higher mitotic index in TTF-treated tumors, consistent with the mitotic arrest previously shown in TTF treated cultures. Conclusions: TTF therapy demonstrated efficacy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma in both in vitro and in vivo models. These results support the evaluation of this novel treatment modality in combination with standard chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients. A pilot study is in development to test the clinical benefit of combined TTF and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Dielectric Materials Characterization for Hybrid Bonding (2021)

Wide range of choices are available for dielectric materials selection for hybrid bonding, which include: thermal oxide, PECVD TEOS SiO2, SiN, SiCN and commercial polymer dielectrics. Among the polymer dielectrics, two types: high-temperature curable (350°C) and low-temperature curable (250°C) are investigated. Conclusion of bond strength characterization of different dielectric materials are as follows: Polymer > SiCN > TEOS SiO2 > SiN. Bonding energy >2.5 J/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and die shear strength ≥ 50 MPa, which is higher than the Si yield strength could only be achieved through polymer dielectrics. Dielectric delamination during post-bond annealing for enhancing Cu-Cu diffusion bonding is a major challenge frequently encountered for SiO2 dielectric. Peeling stress generation is the root cause for such delamination. It is confirmed that polymer dielectrics with low Young's Modulus will mitigate such peeling stress generation. However, polymer dielectrics too have their own challenges. Fine scratches generation during chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is yet to be fully resolved. SiCN is identified to be the ideal candidate from CMP perspective. Replacing Cu with Cu/Sn solder was also explored for catering low T hybrid process flow. Pros and Cons of different dielectric materials in the process integration of Cu/dielectric hybrid bonding are discussed.
Temporal asynchrony discrimination in the amblyopic fovea (1985)

The human visual system is capable of discriminating incremental changes as small as 3-4 ms in the time of onset of two lines presented foveally with a temporal asynchrony of 30-40 ms. 1 We have measured foveal temporal asynchrony discrimination in amblyopic observers. The amblyopic fovea, like the normal peripheral retina, exhibits elevated temporal discrimination thresholds relative to the normal fovea when short (10-60-ms) asynchronies are presented. However, the amblyopic fovea is less sensitive to temporal asynchronies than is the normal peripheral retina (20° eccentricity). In addition, the temporal deficit of the amblyopic fovea is not a consequence of reduced spatial resolution. These findings suggest that the amblyopic fovea is not comparable to the normal peripheral retina in all respects. The amblyopic fovea is limited not only in its spatial resolution but also in its ability to discriminate small temporal changes.
Ion Concentration Polarization Characteristics of a Single Glass Nanopore in an Array Integrated on Silicon Through Low-Resolution Photolithography (2018)

We introduce a robust nanofluidic device featuring a highly ordered array of glass nanopores integrated on silicon using only low-resolution photolithography and standard fabrication tools. The device is built by sandwiching nanopore structure between a buried silicon channel and a cover channel. We also report on the ion concentration polarization (ICP) characteristics obtained from a single nanopore, which lack a discernible current-limiting region, in line with theoretical predictions but unlike of those with the ion-track-etched conical nanopore. Copyright© (2018) by Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society.All rights reserved.
Myo‐inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate can independently mobilise intracellular calcium, via the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor: studies with myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐3‐phosphorothioate and myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate (1993)

Myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] acts as a full agonist for Ca2+ release in saponin-permeabilised SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Studies were conducted in the presence of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6, 10 microM), to inhibit the Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)-3-phosphatase catalysed back conversion of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 to Ins(1,4,5)P3. HPLC analysis confirmed that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 releases the entire content of Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores, independent of 3-phosphatase activity. Further we utilised racemic myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-3-phosphorothioate [DL-Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)-3S], a novel intrinsically Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)-3-phosphatase resistant Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 analogue. DL-Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)-3S specifically displaced [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 from bovine adrenal cortex Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding sites (IC50 = 889 nM, compared to Ins(1,4,5)P3, IC50 = 4.4 nM and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, IC50 = 152 nM). DL-Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)-3S was a full agonist for Ca2+ release (EC50 = 4.7 microM), being 90- and 2-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 (with InsP6), respectively. DL-Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4)-3S will be an important tool for identification of potentially exclusive Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 second messenger functions, since its resistance to 3-phosphatase action precludes the inconvenient artefact of steady state Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation.
AT1 receptors mediate angiotensin II induced release of nitric oxide in afferent arterioles : Angioten II-induced release of nitric oxide (2007)

Renal arterioles represent the most important effecter site in the control of renal perfusion and filtration. Adenosine (Ado), angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO) interact in modulating arteriolar tone. The present work investigates the mechanism of this interaction. We tested the hypothesis that AT1 receptor (AT1AR) mediated NO release in isolated perfused afferent arterioles. Further, special attention was given to mechanisms of Ado-Ang II -interactions. We found (I) that Ang II specifically induces NO release via AT1AR in arterioles. The effect is important in view of high renin and Ang II concentrations in these vessels. (II) Ado modulates the Ang II response by acting on vasoconstrictor A1AR and vasodilator A2AR. Vice versa, Ang II critically enhances the constriction to Ado, which supports the assumption of its modulating action in the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). (III) The synergistic effect of Ang II and Ado on arteriolar contraction is concurrent with an increase in the cytosolic calcium. Further, (IV) Ado increases the calcium sensitivity of the contractile machinery in arteriolar smooth muscle cells most probably by enhancement of the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain regulatory unit. RhoA kinase, protein kinase C and p38 MAP are involved in the Ado effect, which is not receptor mediated and depends on the Ado uptake into vascular cells. Remarkably, the enhancing action of Ado is most likely limited to Ang II; since Ado does not influence endothelin-1 and norepinephrine induced contractions. These novel results extend our knowledge about the synergistic action of Ang II and Ado in the control of renal filtration. Ado, the key factor in mediation of the TGF, develops a significant vasoconstrictor action only in the presence of Ang II. On the other hand, the Ang II induced vasoconstriction is modulated by Ado via receptor and non-receptor mediated intracellular signaling pathways.
The Use of Thoracoscopy in the Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2007)

Endoscopic thoracoscopic spinal deformity correction, fusion, and instrumentation is a safe and feasible method of surgical management of an adolescent patient with progressive scoliosis. The key to successful fusion is a total discectomy and complete endplate removal. This method appears to be comparable to open procedures in terms of curve correction with significantly shorter hospitalization and rehabilitation due to less surgical discomfort. The thoracoscopic correction of adolescent scoliosis warrants continued development and evaluation as a surgical method of scoliosis correction.
A hybrid finite element formulation of the linear biphasic equations for hydrated soft tissue (1992)

Abstract A hybrid finite element method has been developed for application to the linear biphasic model of soft tissues. The biphasic model assumes that hydrated soft tissue is a mixture of two incompressible, immiscible phases, one solid and one fluid, and employs mixture theory to derive governing equations for its mechanical behaviour. These equations are time dependent, involving both fluid and solid velocities and solid displacement, and will be solved by spatial finite element and temporal finite difference approximation. The first step in the derivation of this hybrid method is application of a finite difference rule to the solid phase, thus obtaining equations with only velocities at discrete times as primary variables. A weighted residual statement of the temporally discretized governing equations, employing C ° continuous interpolations of the solid and fluid phase velocities and discontinuous interpolations of the pore pressure and elastic stress, is then derived. The stress and pressure functions are chosen so that the total momentum equation of the mixture is satisfied; they are jointly referred to as an equilibrated stress and pressure field. The corresponding weighting functions are chosen to satisfy a relationship analogous to this equilibrium relation. The resulting matrix equations are symmetric. As an illustration of the hybrid biphasic formulation, six‐noded triangular elements with complete linear, several incomplete quadratic, and complete quadratic stress and pressure fields in element local co‐ordinates are developed for two dimensional analysis and tested against analytical solutions and a mixed‐penalty finite element formulation of the same equations. The hybrid method is found to be robust and produce excellent results; preferred elements are identified on the basis of these results.