gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport Channel Switching for Interactive TCP/IP Traffic in WCDMA (2005)

In a WCDMA system, the feature transport channel switching assigns to each best-effort user a transport channel that is appropriate for the user's bit-rate requirements and radio conditions. In this paper, we compare fixed rate channel allocation with several channel switching schemes, where the user is switched between transport channel rates based on the user's current code power consumption. Results show that with channel switching the capacity and/or the user throughput are increased compared to fixed transport channel allocation. The best channel switching scheme from system capacity perspective is a scheme that gradually increases the channel bit-rate. Due to variations in the radio environment there is always a risk that a connection is lost. Therefore, there must exist a mechanism for down-switching the bit-rate of the transport channel to retain the coverage.
Technology viable DC performance elements for Si/SiGe channel CMOS FinFTT (2016)

Low Ge content SiGe-based CMOS FinFET is one of the promising technologies [1-2] offering solutions for both high performance and low power applications. In this paper, we established a competitive SiGe-based CMOS FinFET baseline and examined various elements for high performance offering. The performance elements in gate stack, channel doping, contact resistance, and junction have been explored to provide a cumulative 20% / 25% (n/pFET) performance enhancement. These elements provide a viable path towards performance enhancement for future technology nodes.
Analysis of signal-to-interference ratio estimation methods for wireless communication systems (2002)

The signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is an important metric of communication link quality. For wireless data systems SIR estimates are used in several control actions and for optimal allocation of radio resources. This paper first develops SIR estimators based on pilot symbols and then extends the results to estimators based on data symbols. It is shown that long-term smoothing of the interference variance estimates improves the overall estimation accuracy. Since both pilot and data symbols are available, estimators that optimally combine estimates from both types of symbols are also considered. In all cases, approximate analytic results are provided and validated using simulations. The analytic expressions serve two purposes. Firstly, improved estimators based on bias correction become apparent from the expressions and secondly, optimal weights for combining pilot and data based estimators can be evaluated. Results show that modest to substantial improvement in estimation accuracy is possible through optimal combining.
Mitigating Compaction Damage in Real-Time for Openhole Sand Control Applications (2011)

Abstract Subsurface stresses can cause formation faults, slippage, and reservoir compaction, which can damage or permanently shut in a well. Traditional means of detecting these failures are limited and usually require moving a costly rig onto locations, and then interrupting production to re-enter the well. This results in late detection of issues and allows limited counteractive options. A new Real Time Monitoring Compaction (RTCM) system has been developed to actively monitor strain and temperature of wells. The system consists of three key enabling technologies: A fiber optic support device deployed at the sand face, a cost effective high-flow liner system that protects the instrumentation in openhole applications, and two optical wet connects for up to 12 channels. The fiber optic support device provides a means of holding a helically-wrapped optic fiber rigidly in place at the sand face. This new technology can be installed over traditional sand screens in gravel pack or frac pack applications, with no negative impact on the sand control functionality of the screens, or the quality of the pack. The installed fiber optic provides the equivalent of a strain gauge positioned every centimeter along the length of the producing zone. For openhole applications, a high-flow liner system was developed to protect the fiber optic support device, and the control lines. This system includes a special quick connect that simplifies the on-rig assembly and allows torque transmission in an openhole deployment. Two 6-channel optical wet connects are the final key to this system, allowing a total of 12 connected channels. This game changing technology provides an information conduit between the fiber optic at the sand face and operators at the surface. The same wet connect can also be used to connect more traditional means of measurements such as pressure-temperature gauges, or distributive temperature sensing (DTS). The information relayed through this system allows the operator to infer flow and detect subsidence or compaction of the sand face before the well is compromised, allowing time to plan and execute mitigative actions. This paper will discuss the design, testing, and potential applications of this new system. Introduction The production of hydrocarbons can often cause a decrease in porosity of the rock formation containing them. This phenomenon is known as compaction. Wells can sustain significant damage as the formation layers shift or move along formation boundaries as a result compaction. Fig. 1 illustrates this type of shift caused by compaction. The wellbore on the left of Fig. 1 illustrates the original location of the well, and the wellbore on the right illustrates the same well after compaction (Earles 2010).
Regulation of miR399f Transcription by AtMYB2 Affects Phosphate Starvation Responses in Arabidopsis (2012)

Although a role for microRNA399 (miR399) in plant responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation has been indicated, the regulatory mechanism underlying miR399 gene expression is not clear. Here, we report that AtMYB2 functions as a direct transcriptional activator for miR399 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Pi starvation signaling. Compared with untransformed control plants, transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtMYB2 showed increased miR399f expression and tissue Pi contents under high Pi growth and exhibited elevated expression of a subset of Pi starvation-induced genes. Pi starvation-induced root architectural changes were more exaggerated in AtMYB2-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with the wild type. AtMYB2 directly binds to a MYB-binding site in the miR399f promoter in vitro, as well as in vivo, and stimulates miR399f promoter activity in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Transcription of AtMYB2 itself is induced in response to Pi deficiency, and the tissue expression patterns of miR399f and AtMYB2 are similar. Both genes are expressed mainly in vascular tissues of cotyledons and in roots. Our results suggest that AtMYB2 regulates plant responses to Pi starvation by regulating the expression of the miR399 gene.
Application of a Noise Adaptive Contrast Sensitivity Function to Image Data Compression (1989)

The visual contrast sensitivity function (CSF) has found increasing use in image compression as new algorithms optimize the display-observer interface in order to reduce the bit rate and increase the perceived image quality. In most compression algorithms, increasing the quantization intervals reduces the bit rate at the expense of introducing more quantization error, a potential image quality degradation. The CSF can be used to distribute this error as a function of spatial frequency such that it is undetectable by the human observer. Thus, instead of being mathematically lossless, the compression algorithm can be designed to be visually lossless, with the advantage of a significantly reduced bit rate. However, the CSF is strongly affected by image noise, changing in both shape and peak sensitivity. This work describes a model of the CSF that includes these changes as a function of image noise level by using the concepts of internal visual noise, and tests this model in the context of image compression with an observer study.
Frequency and Enumeration of Campylobacter Species from Processed Broiler Carcasses by Weep and Rinse Samples (2007)

Frequency and numbers of Campylobacter spp. were assessed per freshly processed, contaminated broiler carcass. Campylobacter-positive flocks were identified by cecal sample analysis at slaughter. These flocks had been tested as Campylobacter negative at 4.1 +/- 0.9 d prior to slaughter. Levels of contamination were estimated using 2 sampling approaches per carcass: (1) free weep fluids and (2) whole-carcass, 100 mL of distilled water rinses. Estimations of counts were determined by directly plating dilutions of weeps and rinses onto Campy-Cefex agar and incubating the plates at 41.5 degrees C under microaerobic atmosphere. Confirmation was provided by latex agglutination to quantify levels per milliliter of weep and per 100 mL of rinse. Thirty-two slaughter groups ( approximately 20 carcasses per group) were compared from 2003 to 2004. The Campylobacter-positive weep frequency was 84.8%, whereas the frequency for rinse samples was 74.4% (P < 0.001). Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. on positive samples ranged from 0.70 to 6.13 log(10) cfu/mL of weep (geometric mean of 2.84) and from 2.30 to 7.72 log(10) cfu/100 mL of rinse (geometric mean of 4.38). The correlations between weep and rinse were 0.814 with 0.5 mL of rinse and 0.6294 when applying 0.1 mL of rinse The quantitative regression analyses for these 2 corresponding tests were log(10) rinse (for 0.5 mL of inoculum) = 1.1965 log(10) weep + 0.4979, and log(10) rinse (for 0.1 mL of inoculum) = 1.322 log(10) weep - 0.1521. FlaA SVR sequencing of isolates indicated that the same genotypes were found in weep and rinse samples. Weep and rinse sampling led to different proportions of Campylobacter-positive carcasses detection, but we demonstrated that this difference was reduced by increasing the amount of rinse fluid used for plating.
Differential effects of oncostatin M and leukaemia inhibitory factor expression in astrocytoma cells (2001)

The effects of the production of two closely related cytokines, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), by astrocytoma cells were investigated using the stable cell line human U373-MG, which expressed and secreted both biologically active polypeptides. The expression of LIF by these cells caused resistance to this cytokine due to loss of the LIF receptor (LIFR), from the cell surface, suggesting its retention. In contrast, cells expressing OSM were stimulated by this cytokine, utilizing an autocrine mechanism, and possessed receptors for OSM, but not LIF, on the cell surface. In these cells the continuous up-regulation of OSM-induced gene expression was found even though the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription ('JAK/STAT') pathway was almost exhausted due to long-term autocrine stimulation of the cells by OSM. The amount of LIFR was down-regulated in both LIF- and OSM-producing cells and this effect was not found in wild-type U373-MG cells treated with externally added cytokines. To investigate the mechanism of autocrine stimulation by OSM we constructed a stable cell line expressing a form of OSM that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This biologically active cytokine was not secreted, but was localized in the ER. In addition, it did not stimulate the astrocytoma cells in an autocrine manner. We conclude that expression of LIF causes resistance of astrocytoma cells to this cytokine, whereas expression of OSM leads to autocrine stimulation.
Combining independent component analysis with geometric information and its application to speech processing (2009)

In this paper, we propose two approaches for combining geometric information with ICA algorithm to solve permutation problem under the scenario where a rough information about the direction of the desired source is known. The first approach is a new blind extraction algorithm with a soft quadratic geometric constraint. The desired source is guaranteed to be conveyed to the output with little distortion by the quadratic constraint and the negentropy maximization criterion is used to ensure that the other sources get suppressed at the output. The second approach employs a quadratic geometric test as a post-processing step to pickup the desired source after ICA processing. An advantage of the proposed two approaches is that they do not require accurate knowledge of the number of sources in the mixtures to recover the desired source, in contrast, other geometric ICA approaches usually fail if the number of sources is not known accurately.
Power-stage frequency response cancellation of DC-DC converter with digital control (2010)

Recently, the performance of the DSP and FPGA is developed remarkably. So, fully digital control is enabled in switch mode power supplies. However, in many cases, the control system is built by very complicatedly and very difficult theories such as the adaptive control. Furthermore, in most popular PID control, its design method of the parameters is not clear, so derivation of the optimal parameters is very difficult. This paper proposes the interesting control technique which is cancelled the transfer function of the converter by using pole-zero-cancellation method. This technique is very simple and easy to stability design.
Quantitative Analysis of PET Reconstruction Techniques over a Wide Activity Range with 2D and 3D Acquisition Modes (2006)

Quantitative assessment of activity uptake within features seen on positron emission tomographic (PET) images is an important property of this modality. Methods: a phantom containing anatomically relevant features was imaged on a dedicated PET-CT system using F-18 over a wide range of activity within and outside the imaging field-of-view (FOV). A series of short 2D and 3D acquisitions was obtained over a 12-hour period; images were reconstructed using 2D filtered backprojection (FBP), 2D OSEM, 3D reprojection and fully-3D iterative methods. Mean values of activity concentration were recorded within regions-of-interest drawn on single slices through tissue background, liver and lung. Estimates of activity concentration from each acquisition and reconstruction condition were compared to values extrapolated from a a set of low-activity 2D FBP images. Results: All PET scan modes and reconstruction methods provided similar quantitative imaging performance, with differences less than 3.5% in average ROI value between scan modes or reconstruction methods in background tissue, and less than 7% for this same comparison in liver. The ratio of lung to tissue ROI activity was lower using analytic reconstruction compared to that found using iterative methods. In general, the iterative reconstruction methods demonstrated less variability in mean ROI value over the wide activity range as compared to the reconstruction using analytic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYSIS OF THE DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY A COMPLEX OF IRON(III) WITH A SYNTHETIC MACROCYCLIC LIGAND (1979)

Abstract Der Titelkomplex (I) ist ein wirksamer Katalysator bei der Zers. von H 2 O 2 in wäßriger Lösung unter Bildung von H 2 O und O2.
FAM13A is associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression and controls tumor cell proliferation and survival (2016)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associated Family with sequence similarity 13, member A (FAM13A) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occurrence. Here, we found increased numbers of FAM13A protein expressing cells in the tumoral region of lung tissues from a cohort of patients with NSCLC. Moreover, FAM13A inversely correlated with CTLA4 but directly correlated with HIF1α levels in the control region of these patients. Consistently, FAM13A RhoGAP was found to be associated with T cell effector molecules like HIF1α and Tbet and was downregulated in immunosuppressive CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CTLA4<sup>+</sup> T cells. TGFβ, a tumor suppressor factor, as well as siRNA to FAM13A, suppressed both isoforms of FAM13A and inhibited tumor cell proliferation. RNA-Seq analysis confirmed this finding. Moreover, siRNA to FAM13A induced TGFβ levels. Finally, in experimental tumor cell migration, FAM13A was induced and TGFβ accelerated this process by inducing cell migration, HIF1α, and the FAM13A RhoGAP isoform. Furthermore, siRNA to FAM13A inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced cell migration without affecting HIF1α. In conclusion, FAM13A is involved in tumor cell proliferation and downstream of TGFβ and HIF1α, FAM13A RhoGAP is associated with Th1 gene expression and lung tumor cell migration. These findings identify FAM13A as key regulator of NSCLC growth and progression.
Nonlinear stability control of autonomous vehicles: a MIMO D2-IBC solution (2017)

Stability control represents one of the most challenging tasks in autonomous vehicle dynamics. Within this context, model uncertainty may play a crucial role in determining the quality of the overall control system. In this work, we deal with nonlinear vehicle stability control design by using the D2-IBC (Data Driven - Inversion Based Control) method, wherein the dynamics of the system are modeled from data not to optimize the open-loop model matching but to maximize the closed-loop performance. Specifically, a multivariable extension of the method is derived and discussed in detail as far as the stability control application is concerned. This method will prove its effectiveness on a multi-body simulator of a 4-wheel steering autonomous vehicle.
Normative Performance on the Balance Error Scoring System by Youth, High School, and Collegiate Athletes (2018)

Performance on the BESS depended on sex and age, particularly in youth athletes. These sex- and age-specific normative values provide a reference to facilitate and unify clinical decision making across multiple providers caring for youth athletes with concussions.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of PJ34, a poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor, in transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice (2006)

PJ34 inhibited the increase in the mRNAs of four inflammatory mediators, caused by cerebral ischemia. The contribution of this effect of PJ34 to neuroprotection remains to be clarified.
Tunable fiber filter technology for dense WDM systems (1991)

Until recently, optical receivers using coherent detection were considered the only alternative for achieving the high sensitivity and selectivity needed for dense WDM systems. Within the last two years high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and tunable narrowband fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) filters have been used at the input of high performance, direct detection receivers and proposed as practical alternatives to coherent detection. Aside from 2- or 3-dB less sensitivity, these direct detection receivers offer significant reductions in complexity and polarization sensitivity and are easily achievable from commercially available all-fiber system oriented components. The FFP filters used in these direct detection receiver experiments combine the extremely high optical resolution of Fabry-Perot interferometry, the subangstrom positioning capability of piezoelectric transducers, and the superior stability characteristics of the rotary mechanical splice. This FFP configuration is mechanically stable and with 97% reflecting multilayer mirrors spaced from 10 to 1,000 pm generates filters with bandwidths from 1 to 100 GHz. Filters with less than 1-dB insertion loss have been reported, and commercially available devices can have less than 2-dB loss. With improved tolerances, a finesse of 200 or greater appears feasible with little or no additional loss penalty. These filters will allow 100 dense WDM channels in the 30-nm gain spectrum of an EDFA.
Conservation Laws for Free Electromagnetic Fields (1995)

Abstract New conservation laws are derived for free electromagnetic fields propagating into a half-space. Such fields can be represented by an angular spectrum of electromagnetic plane waves that contains only homogeneous plane waves. The similarity between some of these new conservation laws and the Poynting theorem is examined in detail.
Adaptive Single Phase Autoreclosing Scheme for EHV Transmission Line (2019)

Efficient protection system plays a vital role in power system stability by detecting and eliminating the faults quickly on overhead transmission lines. Temporary fault is the most frequent fault type that appears on high voltage (HV) and extra high voltage (EHV) lines which are followed by secondary arcs. Consequently adaptive single phase autorecloser (ASPAR) is the need of the time to get rid of temporary faults. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm (CWTFT) is presented in this paper which utilises faulted phase voltage waveform and obtain wavelet coefficients after the circuit breaker isolate the faulty phase. Depending on the energies of the wavelet coefficients, a threshold is defined. In case of a transient fault, the coefficient energies exceeds the threshold level after the arc extinction and are well recognised by the proposed algorithm. This fact is used to initiate a safest reclosing in case of a temporary fault otherwise autoreclosing will be blocked. To appraise the efficiency of the presented algorithm, laborious simulations have been performed for a diversity of fault conditions i.e. at different fault locations, load angles and fault resistance, where in all cases, maximum consistency has been achieved.
Validity of the cold pressor test and pain sensitivity questionnaire via online self-administration (2020)

To determine the feasibility of complex home-based phenotyping, 1,876 research participants from the customer base of 23andMe completed an online version of a Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) as well as a cold pressor test (CPT) which is used in clinical assessments of pain. Overall our online version of the PSQ performed similarly to the original pen-and-paper version. Construct validity of the PSQ total was demonstrated by internal consistency and consistent discrimination between more and less painful items. Criterion validity was demonstrated by correlation with pain sensitivity as measured by the CPT. Within the same cohort we performed a cold pressor test using a layperson description and household equipment. Comparison with published reports from controlled studies revealed similar distributions of cold pain tolerance times (i.e., time elapsed before removing the hand from the water). Of those who elected to participate in the CPT, a large majority of participants did not report issues with the test procedure or noncompliance with the instructions (97%). We confirmed a large sex difference in CPT thresholds in line with published data, such that women removed their hands from the water at a median of 54.2 seconds, with men lasting for a median time of 82.7 seconds (Kruskal-Wallis statistic, p < 0.0001), but other factors like age or current pain treatment were at most weakly associated, and inconsistently between men and women. We introduce a new paradigm for performing pain testing, called testing@home, that, in the case of cold nociception, showed comparable results to studies conducted under controlled conditions and supervision of a health care professional.
Development and Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassays for Diagnosis of Chagas' Disease Using Fixed Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Epimastigotes, Amastigotes, and Trypomastigotes) and Assessment of Antigen Stability for the Three Assays (2004)

ABSTRACT Three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for diagnosis of Chagas' disease were developed with fixed forms of Trypanosoma cruzi using a panel of 435 sera from the following groups: Venezuelan subjects positive by immunofluorescence ( n = 70), Venezuelan healthy controls ( n = 85), healthy Canadians ( n = 166), and subjects with other parasitic diseases ( n = 114). All assays achieved 100% sensitivity and reasonable specificity for amastigotes (97.6%), epimastigotes (98.3%), and trypomastigotes (99.3%). The fixed-trypomastigote assay was stable over 4 months at 4°C and room temperature. These data suggest that a fixed-trypomastigote EIA may be a suitable candidate for blood bank screening.