gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Helmet Weight on Hybrid III Head and Neck Responses by Comparing Unhelmeted and Helmeted Impacts (2016)

Most studies on football helmet performance focus on lowering head acceleration-related parameters to reduce concussions. This has resulted in an increase in helmet size and mass. The objective of this paper was to study the effect of helmet mass on head and upper neck responses. Two independent test series were conducted. In test series one, 90 pendulum impact tests were conducted with four different headform and helmet conditions: unhelmeted Hybrid III headform, Hybrid III headform with a football helmet shell, Hybrid III headform with helmet shell and facemask, and Hybrid III headform with the helmet and facemask with mass added to the shell (n = 90). The Hybrid III neck was used for all the conditions. For all the configurations combined, the shell only, shell and facemask, and weighted helmet conditions resulted in 36%, 43%, and 44% lower resultant head accelerations (p < 0.0001), respectively, when compared to the unhelmeted condition. Head delta-V reductions were 1.1%, 4.5%, and 4.4%, respectively. In contrast, the helmeted conditions resulted in 26%, 41%, and 49% higher resultant neck forces (p < 0.0001), respectively. The increased neck forces were dominated by neck tension. In test series two, testing was conducted with a pneumatic linear impactor (n = 178). Fourteen different helmet makes and models illustrate the same trend. The increased neck forces provide a possible explanation as to why there has not been a corresponding reduction in concussion rates despite improvements in helmets ability to reduce head accelerations.
Cytotoxic and proinflammatory responses induced by ZnO nanoparticles in in vitro intestinal barrier (2019)

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used nowadays, thus the gastrointestinal exposure to ZnO NPs is likely to be relevant and the effects on the intestinal barrier should be investigated. Polarized Caco-2 cells were exposed from the apical (Ap) and basolateral (Bl) compartments to increasing concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of sonochemical (sono) and commercial ZnO NPs. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), cell viability, proinflammatory cytokine release and presence of protein oxidative damage were evaluated after exposure. TEER was not significantly affected by Ap exposure to either sono or commercial ZnO NPs at any tested concentrations. After Bl exposure to sono ZnO NPs (all the concentrations) and to 100 μg/mL of commercial ZnO NPs TEER was decreased (P < 0.05). Ap and Bl exposure to 100 μg/mL sono ZnO NPs and Ap exposure to 50 μg/mL commercial ZnO NPs induced a significant (P < 0.05) release of interleukin-6. A significant (P < 0.05) release of interleukin-8 was observed after Ap exposure to ZnO NPs at 100 μg/mL and after Bl exposure to sono ZnO NPs at 100 μg/mL. Ap or Bl exposure to sono or commercial ZnO NPs did not affect tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion or protein sulphydryl oxidation. In conclusion, the ZnO NP exposure from the Ap compartment appeared almost safe, while the exposure through the basal compartment appeared to be more hazardous and the different NP size and crystallinity seem to affect the mode of action, but further studies are necessary to elucidate better these toxicity mechanisms.
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma With Hormone Exposure Related Changes in a Patient With Hepatic Cirrhosis – Value of Autopsy in a Case Report (2016)

Hepatic cirrhosis is commonly associated with hyperestrogenism. Previous studies have reported morphologic changes in benign and malignant prostate tissue exposed to estrogen or anti-androgens. To our knowledge, histopathologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in patients with cirrhosis have not been well-reported. We present a case of incidental, but pathologically significant, prostatic adenocarcinoma detected on autopsy in a 67-year-old male patient with cirrhosis and spider angiomata. The morphologic and immunohistochemical features (including variable ERG expression) of the prostatic adenocarcinoma were consistent with hormone exposure related changes, suggesting that cirrhosis-induced elevated estrogen-to-testosterone ratio and exogenous hormone therapy might induce similar phenotypes.
Integrated methods for production of clean char and its combustion properties. [Quarterly] technical report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 (1993)

An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO{sub 2} emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilotscale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. During the first year of this two year project, six coals from the IBC sample program (IBC-101, 102, 104, 105, 106 and 109) were studied. Under non-optimized conditions in the FBR, desulfurized chars were made with SO{sub 2} emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO{sub 2} emissions less than 2.5 lbs SO{sub 2}/MMBtu. Under optimum conditions, SO{sub 2} emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs SO{sub 2}/MMBtu. MG reduced the chlorine content of one coal 93%.
Preparation and Electrochemical Studies of Metal Fluorides for Lithium Batteries (2020)

Conventional positive (cathodes) electrode materials for lithium batteries, use mixed-conducting lithium containing transition metal oxides, metal phosphates etc. which are able to store both lithium and electrons by changing their oxidation state. In this presentation, we discuss the facile synthesis of materials suitable for alternative electrode concepts including Transition metal fluorides MF 2 (M=Fe, Mn, Zn) were obtained by reacting Fe, Mn, Zn-Metal salts with fumaric acid as a one-dimensional metal organic framework, and a polymer (PVDF) as Fluorine source, final products are obtained by heating at 600°C, 6h in Ar gas. The MOF were initially prepared by a simple chimie douce method. Incorporation of the MOF with a fluorinated polymer and the eventual decomposition lead to carbon coated metal fluoride nanoparticles of high surface area of &gt;200 m 2 /g for FeF 2 . The obtained materials will be characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, Scanning and Transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM) are used to evaluate the structure and morphology, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used understand structure, vibrational bands and oxidation state of the materials and BET surface area method. Electrochemical studies were carried out in the voltage, range 4 to 1.0 vs. Li, at current rate of 50 mA/g (0.1 C) using 1MLiPF 6 (EC;DEC) as liquid electrolyte and tested with Li-metal as a counter and reference electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry at scan rate of 0.075 mV/sec at room temperature (24°C). Galvanostatic cycling of FeF 2 demonstrates that the material exhibit stable and good reversible capacity of 580 mAh/g during the first cycle and slight capacity fading has been observed after 20 cycles. Further studies on rate performance is being carried up to 2.5 C rate. Whereas MnF 2 and ZnF 2 showed reversible capacity of 220 and 200 mAh/g and retained a capacity around 100 mAh/g after 20 cycles and showed lower capacity than FeF 2 . Discuss the structural, reaction mechanism of FeF 2 during charge-discharge cycling by in situ/operando X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies discuss in detail. Keywords: Metal fluorides (MF 2 M=Fe, Zn, Mn); Electrochemical properties; Insitu studies; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; energy storage
Control of Exoskeletons Inspired by Fictitious Variable Gain in Human (2008)

A human wearing an exoskeleton-type assistive device results in a parallel control system that includes two controllers: the human brain and a digital exoskeleton controller. Unknown and complicated characteristics of the brain dynamically interact with the exoskeleton controller which makes the controller design challenging. In this paper, the motion control system of a human is regarded as a feedback control loop that consists of a brain, muscles and the dynamics of the extended human body. The brain is modeled as a control algorithm amplified by a fictitious variable gain. The variable gain compensates for characteristic changes in the muscle and dynamics. If a human is physically impaired or subjected to demanding work, the exoskeleton should generate proper assistive forces, which is equivalent to increasing the variable gain. In this paper, a control algorithm that realizes the fictitious variable gain is designed and its performance and robustness are discussed for single-input single-output cases. The control algorithm is then verified by simulation results.
Multimodal Bone Metastasis-associated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Imaging in an Orthotopic Rat Model (2021)

Purpose To develop multimodality imaging techniques for measuring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a therapy-relevant and metastasis-associated molecular marker in triple-negative mammary adenocarcinoma metastases. Materials and Methods An orthotopic bone metastasis EGFR-positive, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model in rats was used for bioluminescence imaging, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and MRI with quantitative analysis of transcripts (<i>n</i> = 22 rats). Receptor-specific MRI of EGFR expression in vivo was performed by acquiring spin-echo T1-weighted images after sequential administration of a pair of anti-EGFR antigen binding fragments, F(ab')<sub>2</sub>, conjugated to either horseradish peroxidase or glucose oxidase, which have complementing activities, as well as paramagnetic (gadolinium[III]-mono-5-hydroxytryptamide of 2,2',2''-(10-(2,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid, or Gd-5HT-DOTAGA) or positron-emitting (gallium 68-5HT-DOTAGA) substrates for MRI and PET/CT imaging, respectively. EGFR expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses to compare with image findings. Results After surgical intraarterial delivery of TNBC cells, rats developed tumors that diverged into either rapidly growing osteolytic or slow-growing nonosteolytic tumors. Both tumor types showed receptor-specific initial MRI signal enhancement (contrast-to-noise ratio) that was three to six times higher than that of normal bone marrow (29.4 vs 4.9; <i>P</i> < .01). Micro PET/CT imaging of EGFR expression demonstrated a high level of heterogeneity with regional uptake of the tracer, which corresponded to region-of-interest MRI signal intensity elevation (121.1 vs 93.3; <i>P</i> < .001). Analysis of metastases with corroboration of imaging results showed high levels of EGFR protein and messenger RNA, or mRNA, expression in the invasive tumor. Conclusion Convergence of multimodal molecular receptor imaging enabled comprehensive assessment of EGFR overexpression in an orthotopic model of TNBC metastasis. <b>Keywords:</b> Animal Studies, Molecular Imaging-Cancer, MR-Contrast Agent, Radionuclide Studies, Skeletal-Appendicular, Metastases <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2021.
Outage analysis of N<sup>th</sup>-best DF relay networks in the presence of CCI over Rayleigh fading channels (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the outage behavior of a dual-hop N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -best decode-and-forward (DF) relay system with co-channel interference (CCI) at both the relays and the destination. The source-relay and relay-destination channels as well as the interferers' channels at both the relay and the destination nodes are assumed to follow Rayleigh distribution. Exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability for both independent non-identically distributed (i.n.d.) and independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) cases of interferers' channels are derived in this paper. Furthermore, the system behavior at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values is studied via deriving an approximate expression for the asymptotic outage probability as well as the diversity order and the coding gain. The analytical results are supported and validated by Monte-Carlo simulations. Our findings suggest that the diversity order linearly increases with the number of relays and linearly decreases with the order of the relay. Also, the results show that the system is still able to achieve full diversity gain in the presence of finite number of interferers with finite powers.
Space Technology and Applications International Forum-STAIF 2002 : Conference on Thermophysics in Microgravity : Conference on Innovative Transportation Systems for Exploration of the Solar System and Beyond : 19th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion : Conference on Commercial/Civil Next Generation Space Transportation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 3-6 February, 2002 (2002)

The proceedings document the most recent publications in a number of key areas of space technology, space nuclear power and propulsion systems and technology, solar system exploration technology, and advanced an innovative propulsion concepts. The technical areas covered are the latest on the thermophysics in microgravity, space nuclear reactor power and propulsion systems for manned exploration of Mars and other distant planets in the solar system, static energy conversion technology on segmented thermoelectric, thermionic, alkali metals as well as thermal to electric conversion. Additional areas include radioisotope power systems, and the recent advances in the technology of Stirling and Brayton engines for space nuclear power and propulsion, and next generation commerical/civil space transportation systems technology.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Negatively Influences Pregnancy Outcome in a Mouse Model (2004)

This is the first evidence in an animal model of the possible influence of H. pylori infection on pregnancy. Further work is required on its mechanism and its relevance for humans.
A Neural-Network-Based Approach to Personalize Insulin Bolus Calculation Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2018)

This preliminary study showed the potentiality of using NNs for the personalization and optimization of the meal insulin bolus calculation. Future work will deal with more realistic scenarios including technological and physiological/behavioral sources of variability.
Engine Mount Design Strategies to Mitigate Linear Vibrations in a Tata Nano (2018)

In 2009, Tata Motors launched the Tata Nano as a low-cost alternative to two and three-wheeled vehicles for India’s growing middle class. However, the Nano failed to meet these expectations as it developed a negative perception amongst Indian consumers partly due to its poor Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH) characteristics. In this paper, we examine strategies to reduce the transmission of linear vibrations from the engine felt inside the cabin. Specifically, it includes analysis of the hardness of damping rubber in the engine mounts as well as geometry of the engine mounts. The results of this analysis suggest that Tata Motors can reduce the vibrations transmitted from the engine by decreasing the hardness of the damping rubber. Additionally, Tata Motors can further reduce the transmitted vibrations by decreasing mount angle. It was found that a reduction in mount angle from 45° to 30° reduced the amplitude of the transmitted vibrations by 23%. Topics: Engines , Design , Linear vibration
Supplementary Figure 4 from Impaired IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Favors Regulatory T-cell Expansion That May Contribute to Breast Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 768K, IHC analysis on frozen BT sections was performed using anti-BDCA2 (brown) together with anti-CD3 (green, a) or anti- cytokeratine (green, b) antibodies (x10)&lt;/p&gt;
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell Responses Identified in Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Blood (2011)

Our findings suggest that MCC tumors often develop despite the presence of T cells specific for MCPyV T-Ag oncoproteins. The identified epitopes may be candidates for peptide-specific vaccines and tumor- or virus-specific adoptive immunotherapies to overcome immune evasion mechanisms in MCC patients.
Long-Ranged Electrostatic Repulsion and Crystallization of Emulsion Droplets in an Ultralow Dielectric Medium Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2006)

Electrostatic repulsion stabilizes micrometer-sized water droplets with spacings greater than 10 microm in an ultralow dielectric medium, CO2 (epsilon = 1.5), at elevated pressures. The morphology of the water/CO2 emulsion is characterized by optical microscopy and laser diffraction as a function of height. The counterions, stabilized with a nonionic, highly branched, stubby hydrocarbon surfactant, form an extremely thick double layer with a Debye screening length of 8.9 microm. As a result of the balance between electrostatic repulsion and the downward force due to gravity, the droplets formed a hexagonal crystalline lattice at the bottom of the high-pressure cell with spacings of over 10 microm. The osmotic pressure, calculated by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in the framework of the Wigner-Seitz cell model, is in good agreement with that determined from the sedimentation profile measured by laser diffraction. Thus, the long-ranged stabilization of the emulsion may be attributed to electrostatic stabilization. The ability to form new types of colloids in CO2 with electrostatic stabilization is beneficial because steric stabilization is often unsatisfactory because of poor solvation of the stabilizers.
Stable radiometal antibody immunoconjugates (2023)

The present invention relates to new rigid chelating structures, to methods for preparing these materials, and to their use in preparing radiometal labeled immunoconjugates. These new chelates include cyclohexyl EDTA monohydride, the trans forms of cyclohexyl DTPA and TTHA, and derivatives of these cyclohexyl polyaminocarboxylate materials.
Edgecomputing (2004)

Content delivery networks have evolved beyond traditional distributed caching. With services such as Akamai's EdgeComputing it is now possible to deploy and run enterprise business Web applications on a globally distributed computing platform, to provide subsecond response time to end users anywhere in the world. Additionally, this distributed application platform provides high levels of fault-tolerance and scalability on-demand to meet virtually any need. Application resources can be provisioned dynamically in seconds to respond automatically to changes in load on a given application.In some cases, an application can be deployed completely on the global platform without any central enterprise infrastructure. Other applications can require centralizing core business logic and transactional databases at the enterprise data center while the presentation layer and some business logic and database functionality move onto the edge platform.Implementing a distributed application service on the Internet's edge requires overcoming numerous challenges, including sandboxing for security, distributed load-balancing and resource management, accounting and billing, deployment, testing, debugging, and monitoring. Our current implementation of Akamai EdgeComputing supports application programming platforms such as Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and Microsoft's .NET Framework, in large part because they make it easier to address some of these challenges. In the near future we will also support environments for other application languages such as C, PHP, and Perl.
Meta-Connectomic Analysis Reveals Commonly Disrupted Functional Architectures in Network Modules and Connectors across Brain Disorders (2017)

Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualized as disconnection syndromes that are associated with abnormal network integrity in the brain. However, whether different neuropsychiatric disorders show commonly dysfunctional connectivity architectures in large-scale brain networks remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a meta-connectomic study to identify disorder-related functional modules and brain regions by combining meta-analyses of 182 published resting-state functional MRI studies in 11 neuropsychiatric disorders and graph-theoretical analyses of 3 independent resting-state functional MRI datasets with healthy and diseased populations (Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder [MDD]). Three major functional modules, the default mode, frontoparietal, and sensorimotor networks were commonly abnormal across disorders. Moreover, most of the disorders preferred to target the network connector nodes that were primarily involved in intermodule communications and multiple cognitive components. Apart from these common dysfunctions, different brain disorders were associated with specific alterations in network modules and connector regions. Finally, these meta-connectomic findings were confirmed by two empirical example cases of Alzheimer's disease and MDD. Collectively, our findings shed light on the shared biological mechanisms of network dysfunctions of diverse disorders and have implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment from a network perspective.
Statin drugs enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer models (2023)

These results suggest that statins deserve further study as well-tolerated, inexpensive drugs that may enhance responses to PD-1 checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies for HNSCC.
Norepinephrine Genes Predict Response Time Variability and Methylphenidate-Induced Changes in Neuropsychological Function in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2013)

Noradrenergic dysfunction may be associated with cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including increased response time variability, which has been proposed as a leading endophenotype for ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in the α-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) and norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) genes and attentional performance in ADHD children before and after pharmacological treatment.One hundred one medication-naive ADHD children were included. All subjects were administered methylphenidate (MPH)-OROS for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent a computerized comprehensive attention test to measure the response time variability at baseline before MPH treatment and after 12 weeks. Additive regression analyses controlling for ADHD symptom severity, age, sex, IQ, and final dose of MPH examined the association between response time variability on the comprehensive attention test measures and allelic variations in single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ADRA2A and SLC6A2 before and after MPH treatment.Increasing possession of an A allele at the G1287A polymorphism of SLC6A2 was significantly related to heightened response time variability at baseline in the sustained (P = 2.0 × 10) and auditory selective attention (P = 1.0 × 10) tasks. Response time variability at baseline increased additively with possession of the T allele at the DraI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene in the auditory selective attention task (P = 2.0 × 10). After medication, increasing possession of a G allele at the MspI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene was associated with increased MPH-related change in response time variability in the flanker task (P = 1.0 × 10).Our study suggested an association between norepinephrine gene variants and response time variability measured at baseline and after MPH treatment in children with ADHD. Our results add to a growing body of evidence, suggesting that response time variability is a viable endophenotype for ADHD and suggesting its utility as a surrogate end point for measuring stimulant response in pharmacogenetic studies.