gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Phenyl-1,4-Phenylenediamine and Benzidine Oxidation Products Identified Using On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry This manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. (2002)

Electrochemical oxidation products of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and benzidine formed in aqueous methanol solution at pH 4 were identified on the basis of exact molecular mass using electrochemistry coupled on-line with electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The main N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine oxidation product observed was N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine formed by a nominal two-electron, two-proton oxidation process. A less abundant product was identified as the quinone formed by hydrolysis of this oxidized species. In the case of benzidine, the main oxidation product was identified as the cation radical formed by a nominal one-electron oxidation process. No hydrolysis product was observed.
Glass Transition and Interfacial Segmental Dynamics in Polymer-Particle Composites (2008)

Abstract We review the literature concerned with the effect of proximity to a filler surface on the local segmental mobility of polymer chains. This mobility is commonly assessed from either the glass transition temperature, T g , or the segmental relaxation times measured by mechanical, dielectric, or NMR spectroscopy. Published studies report increases, decreases, or no change in T g upon the addition of carbon black, silica, and other reinforcing fillers. Similarly, the segmental relaxation times have been found to increase or be invariant to the presence of nanometer-sized particles. Some of these discrepancies can be ascribed to ambiguous methods of data analysis; others likely reflect the variation in filler-polymer interaction among different systems. There are unequivocal examples of polymers that have segmental dynamics and glass transitions unaffected by nano-particle reinforcement. However, the general principles governing the behavior remain to be clarified, with further work, focusing on the micromechanics at the particle interface, required for resolution of this important aspect of rubber science and technology.
Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Mitotic Properties of Quinazoline and Quinazolino-Benzothiadiazine Derivatives (2019)

Our results indicated that quinazoline and quinazolino-benzothiadiazine conjugates could serve as potential leads in the development of new anticancer agents.
Enzyme-Based Hemoperfusion and Blood Treatment (1986)

Enzyme-based artificial organs are being developed as metabolic assist devices. These are required when normal metabolism is impaired, or when the body is overloaded by undesired metabolites or toxins. The implementations of this approach for treating a genetic disease, and for metabolic support in liver failure are envisaged. The kinetic aspects and mass transfer characteristics of bioreactors for these systems are considered in detail.
Amylose Crystallization from Concentrated Aqueous Solution (2006)

Maize amylose, separated from granular starch by means of an aqueous leaching process, was used to investigate spherulite formation from concentrated mixtures of starch in water. Amylose (10-20%, w/w) was found to form a spherulitic semicrystalline morphology over a wide range of cooling rates (1-250 degrees C/min), provided it was first heated to >170 degrees C. This is explained through the effect of temperature on chain conformation. A maximum quench temperature of approximately 70 degrees C was required to produce spherulitic morphology. Quench temperatures between 70 and 110 degrees C produced a gel-like morphology. This is explained on the basis of the relative kinetics of liquid-liquid phase separation vis-à-vis crystallization. The possibility of the presence of a liquid crystalline phase affecting the process of spherulite formation is discussed.
Experimental Oral Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Co-infection in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected Rhesus Macaques (2017)

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) similarly initiate infection in mucosal epithelia and establish lifelong neuronal latency. Anogenital HSV-2 infection augments the risk for sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and is associated with higher HIV viral loads. However, whether oral HSV-1 infection contributes to oral HIV susceptibility, viremia, or oral complications of HIV infection is unknown. Appropriate non-human primate (NHP) models would facilitate this investigation, yet there are no published studies of HSV-1/SIV co-infection in NHPs. Thus, we performed a pilot study for an oral HSV-1 infection model in SIV-infected rhesus macaques to describe the feasibility of the modeling and resultant immunological changes. Three SIV-infected, clinically healthy macaques became HSV-1-infected by inoculation with 4 × 10<sup>8</sup> pfu HSV-1 McKrae on buccal, tongue, gingiva, and tonsils after gentle abrasion. HSV-1 DNA was shed in oral swabs for up to 21 days, and shedding recurred in association with intra-oral lesions after periods of no shedding during 56 days of follow up. HSV-1 DNA was detected in explant cultures of trigeminal ganglia collected at euthanasia on day 56. In the macaque with lowest baseline SIV viremia, SIV plasma RNA increased following HSV-1 infection. One macaque exhibited an acute pro-inflammatory response, and all three animals experienced T cell activation and mobilization in blood. However, T cell and antibody responses to HSV-1 were low and atypical. Through rigorous assessesments, this study finds that the virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae resulted in a low level HSV-1 infection that elicited modest immune responses and transiently modulated SIV infection.
Oxidation Studies on b-Lactam Antibiotics: 2b-Heteroarylthiomethyloanems (1989)

The structural determination (by ' H and 13c-mr) of the various products obtained by the m-chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation of 2P-heteroarylthiomethyl penicillins is reported.The 8-lactamase inhibitory activity of penicillanic acid sulfones
Local potential distribution of macrophase separated polymer blend domains (2007)

Local surface potential measurements on alkoxy-substituted poly (p-phenylene ethynylene), poly (EHO-OPPE), as an electron transport material (ETM) and poly (triphenyl diamine), poly (TPD), as a hole transport material (HTM) and their blends in three different compositions (1 : 3, 1 : 1, 3 : 1) were performed by using scanning Kelvin force microscopy (SKFM). Simultaneously the topography of all surfaces was obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this paper, we propose a new principle for mapping out the local surface potential distributions of macrophase separated segments in the model polymer blend systems through the combined mode of intermittent contact AFM–SKFM techniques. The energetics and kinetics involved are also discussed in terms of potential distributions in the different phases of surface morphologies in the single-layered pristine as well as single-layered two component polymer blend systems. The experimental results provide considerable insight into the electrical/electronic properties of these ETM and HTM materials and reveal highly qualitative information for the first time to show a direct conformation of apparent work function difference between the ETM rich and HTM rich components. Finally, an attempt has been made to perform the combined approaches of valuable and high resolution complementary techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, absorption and photoluminescence spectra in order to correlate the observed contact potential difference/surface potential difference between the two rich ETM and HTM components obtained from microscopic and macroscopic scans.
Search for Diphoton Events with Large Missing Transverse Energy in 7 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector (2011)

A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy is presented. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb⁻¹. No excess of such events is observed above the standard model background prediction. In the context of a specific model with one universal extra dimension with compactification radius R and gravity-induced decays, values of 1/R<729 GeV are excluded at 95% C. L., providing the most sensitive limit on this model to date.
Mutations in the p53 gene in primary human breast cancers. (1991)

Twenty-six primary breast tumors were examined for mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene by an RNase protection assay and nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR-amplified p53 complementary DNAs. Each method detected p53 mutations in the same three tumors (12%). One tumor contained two mutations in the same allele. Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA and complementary DNA proved more sensitive in the detection of mutations. Combining this technique with the other two a total of 12 mutations in the p53 gene were demonstrated in 11 tumors (46%), and a polymorphism at codon 213 was detected in another tumor. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p was detected by Southern blot analysis in 30% of the tumor DNAs. Not all of the tumors containing a point mutation in p53 also had loss of heterozygosity of the remaining allele, suggesting that loss of heterozygosity may represent a later event.
Fractures and Dislocations (1943)

Part 1: general principles of fracture treatment historical review of the treatment of fractures and dislocations biomechanics of fracture fixation devices fracture healing tendon and ligament repair in fractures and dislocations the radiographic imaging of fractures use of inductive implants for treating fractures management of the multiple trauma patient open fractures use of the ilazarov external fixator for fractures nonunions, and malunions pathologic fractures and metastatic bone disease. Part 2: the upper extremity - fractures and dislocation of the clavicle, scapula, acromioclavicular joint, and SE head and neck subluxation and dislocations about the shoulder fractures of the humeral shaft fractures and dislocations of the elbow fractures of the shafts of the radius and ulna fractures and dislocations of the wrist fractures and dislocations in the hand. Part III: the spine the cervical spine fractures of the thoracolumbar spine fractures of the sacrum. Part 4: the hip and pelvis fractures of the pelvis fractures of the acetabulum fractures and dislocations of the hip fractures of the femur. Part 5: the lower extremity traumatic dislocation of the knee fractures and dislocations of the patella fractures of the tibia and fibula fractures of the tibial plateau fractures of the distal femur (condylar and supracondylar) fractures and dislocations of the ankle fractures and dislocations of the foot. Part 6: complications of fractures - management of infected fractures infected nonunion compartment syndrome post-traumatic dystrophy gas gangrene.
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Social Behavior: Integrating Self-monitoring and Emotion-Cognition Interactions (2006)

The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in social behavior remains a puzzle. Various theories of the social functions of the orbitofrontal cortex focus on the role of this area in either emotional processing or its involvement in online monitoring of behavior (i.e., self-monitoring). The present research attempts to integrate these two theories by examining whether improving the self-monitoring of patients with orbitofrontal damage is associated with the generation of emotions needed to guide interpersonal behavior. Patients with orbitofrontal damage, patients with lateral prefrontal damage, and healthy controls took part in an interpersonal task. After completing the task, participants' self-monitoring was increased by showing them a videotape of their task performance. In comparison to healthy controls and patients with lateral prefrontal damage, orbitofrontal damage was associated with objectively inappropriate social behavior. Although patients with orbitofrontal damage were aware of social norms of intimacy, they were unaware that their task performance violated these norms. The embarrassment typically associated with inappropriate social behavior was elicited in these patients only after their self-monitoring increased from viewing their videotaped performance. These findings suggest that damage to the orbitofrontal cortex impairs self-insight that may preclude the generation of helpful emotional information. The results highlight the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the interplay of self-monitoring and emotional processing and suggest avenues for neurorehabilitation of patients with social deficits subsequent to orbitofrontal damage.
Inference of letter-phoneme correspondences with pre-defined consonant and vowel patterns (1993)

The authors describe the automatic inferencing of letter-phoneme correspondences with predefined consonant and vowel patterns, which imply a segmentation of the word in one domain. The technique obtains the maximum likelihood (ML) alignment of the training word, and correspondences are found according to where the segmentation projects onto the ML alignment. Here, the phoneme strings were segmented depending on the number of consonant phonemes preceding or following the vowel phoneme. Sets of correspondences were evaluated according to the performance obtained when they were used for text-phonemic alignment and translation. The number of correspondences inferred was too large to evaluate using Markov statistics. Instead, hidden Markov statistics were used, where the storage demand is further reduced by a recording technique. Performance improves significantly as the number of consonants included in the pattern is increased. The performance of correspondences with predefined V.C* patterns was consistently better than with C*.V patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Airway Responsiveness in Two Inbred Strains of Mouse Disparate in IgE and IL-4 Production (1997)

The mouse provides an excellent model for genetic studies of asthma, which is characterized by airway hyperexcitability and hyperreactivity. The former is a function of the properties of the membrane of the airway smooth muscle (ASM), whereas the latter is a function, albeit indirectly, of the mechanical properties of the muscle contractile apparatus. The very small size of the muscle has in the past hampered its study. We report herein that contractile properties of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) can be measured in mice. We examined TSM strips from two inbred strains of mouse, ASW and SJL, which are high and low IgE responders, respectively. Force-velocity relationships were measured in four groups of mice, two ASW (control and sensitized)/and two SJL (control and sensitized). Muscle strips from sensitized SJL mice exhibited shortening velocities (V0) and maximum shortening capacities (deltaLmax), that were significantly greater than those of the other groups. However, no difference was found between the two strains in maximal isometric force (P0). The two strains also showed differences in their potential to express cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 in ex vivo splenocyte cultures, as measured by the cytokines' messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression. The SJL strain, which exhibited TSM hyperreactivity, was found to produce significantly greater amounts of IL-4 than the ASW strain. We conclude that the altered contractile properties of TSM in sensitized SJL mice are independent of IgE response, but linked to increased amounts of IL-4.
The Effect of Some Variables on the Controlled Release of Chemicals from Polymeric Membranes (1977)

Controlled release technology is the adaptation of permeation processes to the dispensing of toxic, volatile, unstable and other chemicals. Nature, Naivete and ingenuity have provided a number of well known examples of permeation controlled processes. Some well known processes which depend on permeation are: respiration, osmosis, and the "bloom" or "patina" on grapes and other fruit. Inspection of these examples reveal that gases, liquids, and solids may be observed to pass through various membrane materials. The manner in which permeation takes place through the HERCON® laminated polymeric membrane system and the factors affecting such permeation will be discussed. 1. The HERCON Dispensing System A schematic cross-section of a typical HERCON laminated membrane structure is shown in Figure 1. The specially formulated inner layer, which behaves as the reservoir, contains dissolved insecticide or other active agent which then migrates continually, due to imbalance of chemical potential, through one or more initially
Mesoporous iron-nitrogen co-doped carbon material as cathode catalyst for the anion exchange membrane fuel cell (2021)

A novel and commercially available electrocatalyst is characterised and used as cathode catalyst in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). The catalyst material is prepared using VariPore™ method by Pajarito Powder, LLC, and as dopants iron and nitrogen are used, making it a mesoporous transition metal-nitrogen-carbon type catalyst. The physico-chemical characterisation shows the success of doping as well as almost completely mesoporous structure (average pore size of approximately 7 nm) with high specific surface area. The initial assessment of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity by the rotating ring-disc electrode method reveals that the material exhibits a very good electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media having a half-wave potential of 0.89 V. The catalyst material is employed as an anion exchange membrane fuel cell cathode and it shows AEMFC performance as good as that of the Pt-based material. The high ORR electrocatalytic activity of this material is due to the synergy of nitrogen-moieties, namely pyrrolic-N, pyridinic-N and graphitic-N, with iron as well as the highly mesoporous nature.
Prognostically relevant gene signatures of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (2012)

Because of the high risk of recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa), the development of outcome predictors could be valuable for patient stratification. Using the catalog of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we developed subtype and survival gene expression signatures, which, when combined, provide a prognostic model of HGS-OvCa classification, named "Classification of Ovarian Cancer" (CLOVAR). We validated CLOVAR on an independent dataset consisting of 879 HGS-OvCa expression profiles. The worst outcome group, accounting for 23% of all cases, was associated with a median survival of 23 months and a platinum resistance rate of 63%, versus a median survival of 46 months and platinum resistance rate of 23% in other cases. Associating the outcome prediction model with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status, residual disease after surgery, and disease stage further optimized outcome classification. Ovarian cancer is a disease in urgent need of more effective therapies. The spectrum of outcomes observed here and their association with CLOVAR signatures suggests variations in underlying tumor biology. Prospective validation of the CLOVAR model in the context of additional prognostic variables may provide a rationale for optimal combination of patient and treatment regimens.
Improving Spectral Efficiency of MIMO Ad Hoc Network via Greedy MCS Packing (2014)

This paper presents a solution for improving the network spectral efficiency (NSE) of a MIMO ad hoc network by simultaneously increasing the number of concurrent links in the network while maximizing the spectral efficiency of each. Our approach combines multiple physical layer techniques and balances the trade-offs of them. Assuming only the channel state information to the intended receiver, a two-level iterative algorithm is designed and presented. The inner loop uses an algorithm, which we refer to as the "greedy MCS packing"(GMP), generates the generalized (eigen-) beam forming, performs power allocation and chooses proper modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The GMP attempts to maximize the rate while packing them in as few eigen-channels as possible. The outer loop is used for frequency sub-band selection. It uses a heuristic algorithm to choose the number of "spectral segments" used by each TX-RX pair to further reduce overall network interference. Simulation results show that our algorithm yields as much as 71% improvement over a related previous work, which also combines multiple MIMO techniques and considers finite MCS rate with imperfect channel information. We further investigate the improvements in network spectral efficiency (NSE) when our baseline GMP approach is augmented by nonlinear Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) at the receiver. While the NSE gain brought by this SIC-enhanced receiver is quite limited, our simulation shows that more concurrent links can be supported compared with GMP scheme using an MMSE receiver.
Supercontinuum generation in CO2gas accompanied by optical breakdown (1992)

An experiment on the supercontinuum generation in high pressure CO2 (1-40 atm) by weakly focused 1 ps pulses at 593 nm is described. While changing the gas pressure and the laser power, the authors observed self-focusing and optical breakdown in the gas. They studied the evolution of the supercontinuum spectral width and efficiency after self-focusing. Their results show that: (i) the spectral width of the supercontinuum spectrum before optical breakdown can be explained in terms of self-phase modulation by only taking into account the cubic non-linearity of the gas and the increased laser intensity due to self-focusing; (ii) the plasma contribution to the supercontinuum generation was, in their experiment, a self-limiting type, owing to the shortening of the interaction length as the electron density increased.
Hydrogel iontophoresis for gentamicin administration to the rabbit eye (2005)

Iontophoresis (IONT) is a non-invasive technique in which a low electric current is used to enhance the penetration of charged molecules into tissue. This technique has been used in various fields of medicine, mostly in transdermal drug delivery. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and the distribution profile of gentamicin using corneal IONT on infected and healthy rabbit eyes. Corneal iontophoresis of gentamicin sulfate was studied using drug-loaded disposable hydrogel probes mounted on a portable iontophoretic device, applying a low current for 60 seconds. This study confirmed that a triple iontophoretic treatment of gentamicin for only 60 seconds (0.5mA) significantly reduces the count of pseudomonas in the infected cornea to a non-infectious level. Peak gentamicin concentrations at the healthy corneas (363.1 ± 127.3 &mu;g/g) and at the aqueous humor (29.4 ± 17.4 &mu;g/ml) were reached immediately and two hours after a single iontophoretic treatment, respectively. The concentration versus time profile of gentamicin following iontophoresis revealed a gentamicin half life of 2.07 h in the anterior chamber, and a clearance of 1.73 &mu;l/min from the anterior chamber to the posterior segments of the eye. This study indicates that a short iontophoretic treatment using gentamicin-loaded hydrogels has a potential clinical value in treating corneal infections, by increasing drug penetration to the eye and maintaining therapeutic levels for more than eight hours.