gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-directed mutation of the active site of influenza neuraminidase and implications for the catalytic mechanism (1987)

Different isolates of influenza virus show a high degree of amino acid sequence variation in their surface glycoproteins. Conserved residues located in the substrate-binding pocket of the influenza virus neuraminidase are therefore likely to be involved in substrate binding or enzyme catalysis. In order to study the structure and function of the active site of this protein, a full-length cDNA clone of the neuraminidase gene from influenza A/Tokyo/3/67 was subcloned into aN M13 vector and amino acid substitutions were made in selected residues by using the oligonucleotide mismatch technique. The mutant neuraminidase genes were expressed from a recombinant SV40 vector, and the proteins were analyzed for synthesis, transport to the cell surface, and proper three-dimensional folding by internal and surface immunofluorescence. The mutant neuraminidase proteins were then assayed to determine the effect of the amino acid substitution on enzyme activity. Twelve of the 14 mutant proteins were correctly folded and were transported to the cell surface in a manner identical with that of the wild type. Two of these have full enzyme activity, but seven mutants, despite correct three-dimensional structure, have completely lost neuraminidase activity. Two mutants were active at low pH. The properties of the mutant enzymes suggest a possible mechanism of neuraminidase action.
End-to-End Learning for Graph Decomposition (2019)

Deep neural networks provide powerful tools for pattern recognition, while classical graph algorithms are widely used to solve combinatorial problems. In computer vision, many tasks combine elements of both pattern recognition and graph reasoning. In this paper, we study how to connect deep networks with graph decomposition into an end-to-end trainable framework. More specifically, the minimum cost multicut problem is first converted to an unconstrained binary cubic formulation where cycle consistency constraints are incorporated into the objective function. The new optimization problem can be viewed as a Conditional Random Field (CRF) in which the random variables are associated with the binary edge labels. Cycle constraints are introduced into the CRF as high-order potentials. A standard Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) provides the front-end features for the fully differentiable CRF. The parameters of both parts are optimized in an end-to-end manner. The efficacy of the proposed learning algorithm is demonstrated via experiments on clustering MNIST images and on the challenging task of real-world multi-people pose estimation.
[Development of new in vitro chemosensitivity test using collagen gel droplet embedded culture and its clinical usefulness]. (1995)

We developed a new in vitro assay for chemosensitivity test using collagen gel droplet embedded culture and image analysis. In this in vitro assay, we successfully minimized the cancer cell number required for culture to approximately 3-10 x 10(3) cells for each 30 microliters collagen gel droplet, obtained the sufficient growth of cancer cells using serum-free medium while suppressing the growth of fibroblastic cells, and measured the volume of cancer cells by eliminating the contaminating fibroblastic cells by an image processing technique. Anticancer effects of the in vitro assay showed a very good correlation with those of in vivo nude mouse assay using human cancer cell lines. The success rates of the in vitro assay for 141 surgical specimens of primary lung cancers and for 65 of primary breast cancers were 89 and 80%, respectively. The accumulated in vitro assay response rates of MMC, CDDP, VDS and VP-16 for primary lung cancers and of MMC, 5-FU and ADR for primary breast cancers were similar to the respective clinical response rates. These results suggest that this in vitro chemosensitivity test may be practically useful for clinical applications.
Exploiting Molten Salts for Concerted Pathogen Neutralization and Transdermal Drug Delivery (2024)

Abstract Not Provided
Design of a novel bearingless permanent magnet motor for bioreactor applications (2009)

The paper presents a novel topology for a bearingless permanent magnet motor. This disk-shaped motor can be advantageously employed in delicate bioreactor processes. Both torque and bearing forces originate inside this magnetically levitated motor. Using 3D-FEM analysis, the optimal machine sizing parameters are evaluated with the goal to maximize torque while providing sufficient bearing forces to allow a stable operation.
Alkylation of 5'-guanylic acid by reductively activated mitomycin C. (1980)

Mitomycin C (MMC) was reduced by H2-gas in the presence of Pd-C and 5'-guanylic acid (5'-GMP). The structure of the alkylated 5'-GMP by reductively activated MMC was determined as cis-2, 7-diamino-1-(5'-guanylyl) mitosene.
Accumulation of major organic osmolytes in rat renal inner medulla in dehydration (1988)

Osmotically active organic solutes, osmolytes, exist at high concentrations in the renal inner medulla; however, their modulation during antidiuresis remains largely undefined. Renal osmolyte levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical assays in perchloric acid extracts from normal and dehydrated (3 days) rats. Dehydration increased urine osmolality from 1,503 to 3,748 mosmol/kg and inner medullary urea content from 2,036 to 4,405 nmol/mg protein. In addition, inner medullary trimethylamines [glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) and betaine] and polyhydric alcohols (inositol and sorbitol) significantly increased by 95 and 78%, respectively. Ninhydrin-positive substances (amino acids), although abundant, were unchanged. Renal cortex also contained GPC, betaine, and inositol but only inositol increased with dehydration. Analysis of correlations among inner medullary osmolytes showed that only GPC was consistently elevated by dehydration and was not directly correlated with the other osmolytes. In contrast, betaine and inositol contents were linearly related to each other and both tended to rise only when sorbitol content was unchanged. In conclusion, the major osmolytes in the rat renal inner medulla can increase during antidiuresis but they are regulated in a complex manner.
Ian McEwan anda mosca: El británico cree que su "Solar" (Anagrama) toca muchos más temas que el calentamiento global (2011)

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00075-w.
5G multi-antenna technology and experimental trials (2016)

In order to provide a wide variety of mobile services and applications, the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system has attracted much attention to improve system capacity much more than the 4G system. The drastic improvement is mainly realized by small/semi-macro cell deployment with much wider bandwidth in higher frequency bands. To cope with larger pathloss in the higher frequency bands, Massive MIMO is one of key technologies to acquire beamforming (BF) in addition to spatial multiplexing. This paper introduces 5G Massive MIMO technologies including high-performance hybrid BF and novel digital BF schemes in addition to distributed Massive MIMO concept with flexible antenna deployment. The latest 5G experimental trials using the Massive MIMO technologies are also shown briefly.
Experimental demonstration of square Fresnel zone plate with chiral side lobes (2017)

In this study, we introduce what we believe is a novel holographic optical element called a chiral square Fresnel zone plate (CSFZP). The chirality is imposed on a square Fresnel zone plate (SFZP) using a nonclassical technique by rotating the half-period zones relative to one another. The rotation of the half-period zones, in turn, twists the side lobes of the diffraction pattern without altering the focusing properties inherent to a SFZP. As a consequence, the beam profile is hybrid, consisting of a strong central Gaussian focal spot with gradient force similar to that generated by a lens and twisted side lobes with orbital angular momentum. The optical fields at the focal plane were calculated and found to possess a whirlpool-phase profile and a twisted intensity profile. Analysis of the field variation along the direction of propagation revealed a spiraling phase and amplitude distribution. Poynting vector plot of the fields revealed the presence of angular momentum in the regions of chiral side lobes. The phase of the CSFZPs were displayed on a phase-only reflective spatial light modulator and illuminated using a laser. The intensity patterns recorded in the experiment match the calculated ones, with a strong central focal spot and twisted side lobes. The beam pattern was implemented in an optical trapping experiment and was found to possess particle trapping capabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: (2S,3S,5R)‐2‐(3,5‐Difluorophenyl)‐3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐morpholinol (I): A Novel Antidepressant Agent and Selective Inhibitor of Norepinephrine Uptake. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coercive field of ultrathin Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 epitaxial films (2003)

The polarization reversal in single-crystalline ferroelectric films has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The hysteresis loops were measured for Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films with thicknesses ranging from 8 to 250 nm. These films were grown epitaxially on SrRuO3 bottom electrodes deposited on SrTiO3 substrates. The measurements using Pt top electrodes showed that the coercive field Ec increases drastically as the film becomes thinner, reaching values as high as Ec≈1200 kV/cm. To understand this observation, we calculated the thermodynamic coercive field Eth of a ferroelectric film as a function of the misfit strain Sm in an epitaxial system and showed that Eth strongly depends on Sm. However, the coercive field of ultrathin films, when measured at high frequencies, exceeds the calculated thermodynamic limit. Since this is impossible for an intrinsic coercive field Ec, we conclude that measurements give an apparent Ec rather than the intrinsic one. An enormous increase of apparent coercive field in ultrathin films may be explained by the presence of a conductive nonferroelectric interface layer.
Developments of Bi-Sb-Cu alloys as a high-temperature Pb-free solder (2015)

Predominant high melting point solders for high temperature electronics (operating temperatures from 200 to 250°C) are Pb-based but these are hazardous to environment. In our previous study, we have shown the alloy design and characterization of the `new' bismuth (Bi) - based solder alloys; 78Bi-14Cu-8Sn, 70Bi-20Sb-10Cu. It was shown that these solders have strong reactivities with Ni (forming intermetallic phases containing Bi or Sb), and with Cu (forming Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb, Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Sb). Of the two alloys, 70Bi-20Sb-10Cu exhibited the potential for forming good bonding with both Ni and Cu surfaces. The aim of this study was to establish the microstructure - property relationship by exploring the microstructure features involving solid solution behavior between Bi and Sb and the interfacial intermetallic layers. For this, the sandwiched coupons were fabricated using high Bi solders to bond the silicon die having Ti/Ni/Au backside metallization to the Cu substrate. These sandwich samples were then tested for thermal conductivity, die shear testing and liquid thermal shock between -50°C and 150°C. The current alloy matched the performance of high Pb alloys in thermal and die shear testing. In particular, the role of interfacial intermetallic layer on the reliability of the solder joint was investigated. From the findings of this study, Bi solder alloys showed some potential as an alternative to high-temperature Pb-free solders.
Supplementary Figure 4 from First Evidence of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase Protein Expression and Activity Downregulation in Human Neoplasm: Implication for Resistance to Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 78K, S1P degradation products do not sensitize to radiotherapy or chemotherapy in PC-3 and C4-2B prostate cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter for high-speed optical packet switching (1997)

Tunable optical filters are important building blocks for all-optical systems and networks. Fast optical tuning in several microseconds is necessary to perform high-speed optical packet switching. Multi-gigabit/sec packet-switching will provide flexibility and higher network throughput when large numbers of users communicate simultaneously. One approach to achieve fast wavelength tuning is to use high- speed piezoelectrically driven fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters (FFP-TFs). The requirement for tuning in microseconds raises a whole new set of challenges, such as ringing, thermostability and mechanical inertia control. It was shown that correlation between the mechanical resonance and optical response of the filter is important for the filter's speed and for mounting hardware and control circuitry optimization. These features together with the FFP-TF's high capacitance (approximately 0.25 - 0.5 microfarad) are being folded into building a special controller to substantially improve the shape of the driving signal and the response of the filter. The resultant controller enables tuning the high-speed FFP-TF three- orders-of-magnitude faster than that possible with standard commercial FFP-TFs. The fastest switching time achieved is 2.5 microseconds. As the result, a new packet-switched media access control protocol is being designed to minimize the searching time. The filter scans only once through the entire optical region and then tunes to all the required channels one after another in a few microseconds. It can help update Rainbow-2 Broadcast-and-Select High-Speed Wavelength Division Multiplexing All-Optical network that currently has a circuit-switched protocol using standard FFP-TFs.
10 and 7 μm Pitch Thermo-compression Solder Joint, Using A Novel Solder Pillar And Metal Spacer Process (2020)

In this paper, spacer bumps concept is introduced to increase the process window for TCB, lower the sensitivity of electrical yield to bump height variation, maintain the gap between two dies and to prevent too much solder deformation for a test vehicle having multi-diameter bumps from 40um down to 5um pitches. Adding spacer bumps improves the electrical yield dramatically to close to 100% and ensures having good solder joint and IMC formation for both face to face N=2 and back to face N=4 stacks.
Inhibitors of Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTInhibitors of Renal Outer Medullary Potassium ChannelBenjamin Blass*View Author Information Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States*Tel: 215-707-1085. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 5, 447–448Publication Date (Web):April 22, 2016Publication History Received27 March 2016Published online22 April 2016Published inissue 12 May 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00131https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00131editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (249 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Assays,Inhibitors,Potassium Get e-Alerts
Supplemental Figure 1 from Discovery and Pharmacological Characterization of JNJ-42756493 (Erdafitinib), a Functionally Selective Small-Molecule FGFR Family Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A) Structure of JNJ-42541707, a structurally related compound to JNJ-42756493. B) 72h growth inhibition (IC50) of JNJ-42541707 against 236 cancer cell lines from multiple origins color coded based on FGFR1,2,4 mRNA overexpression and FGFR WT.&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of the Mean Inner Potentials of Anthracene and Naphthalene (2009)

The mean inner potential in metals, insulators, and semiconductors provides fundamental information regarding the electronic structure of the material. Here, we measure the mean inner potentials of the two archetype linear polyacenes: anthracence and naphthalene. We determine the mean inner potentials of single crystalline anthracene of 5.9 V (+/-0.3 V), and naphthalene of 5.4 V (+/-0.3 V) based on analysis of Kikuchi patterns observed using high-pressure reflection high energy electron diffraction. We show that the inner potential of a range of organic molecular semiconductors can be estimated from their diamagnetic susceptibilities.
Adoptive immunotherapy of a newly induced sarcoma: immunologic characteristics of effector cells. (1985)

A newly induced syngeneic transplantable sarcoma, MCA 105, was used for studies of the biologic characteristics of fresh noncultured and secondarily in vitro sensitized (IVS) cells with antitumor reactivity. Fresh spleen cells harvested from mice immunized to the MCA 105 tumor by a mixture of viable tumor cells and Corynebacterium parvum exhibited no detectable cytotoxic activity to MCA 105 tumor targets in a 4-hr chromium-release assay, and adoptive transfer of these cells mediated the specific regression of established MCA 105 tumors. Phenotypic analysis of fresh, noncultured immune cells revealed that the therapeutically effective cells expressed both the Lyt-1 and the Lyt-2 T cell differentiation antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of fresh noncultured immune cells was not augmented by the concomitant administration of exogeneous interleukin 2 (IL 2). Secondary IVS of fresh immune cells with irradiated MCA 105 tumor stimulator cells resulted in the generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic effector cells. The generation of cytotoxic effector cells required Lyt-1+, 2+ cytotoxic precursor cells. Effective adoptive immunotherapy with these IVS immune cells, unlike fresh noncultured immune cells, depended on the concomitant administration of IL 2. Furthermore, the generation of therapeutically effective cells did not require the specific stimulation by MCA 105 tumor cells, because cultures of MCA 105 immune spleen cells with FBL-3 lymphoma cells in vitro also contained in vivo functional immune effector cells. These cells, however, possessed no detectable MCA 105 cytotoxic activity in vitro. Although this observation suggests that a noncytotoxic cell population is sufficient to initiate tumor regression in vivo, it does not exclude the possibility that cytolytic cells are generated in vivo after adoptive transfer of these cells. As a whole, our results indicate that secondary IVS functional immune effector cells are characteristically distinct from freshly harvested immune cells.
Propagation effects in strong field atomic physics (1999)

Tunnel ionization is the primary process in matter exposed to high-intensity laser radiation and is relevant to a number of intriguing phenomena such as high harmonic generation, x-ray lasing, plasma heating, spectral blue shifting of laser pulses and particle acceleration.
Nanoionic transport and electrochemical reactions in resistively switching silicon dioxide (2012)

The mobility of copper ions and redox reactions of Cu at the interface with SiO(2) being directly attributed to the resistive switching effect have been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrode kinetics of the Cu(z+)/Cu redox reactions were analyzed suggesting the formation of both Cu(+) and Cu(2+) species. The ion mobility shows an unexpected strong dependence on the ion concentration indicating ion-ion interactions typical for concentrated solution conditions. Based on the standard reduction potentials for Cu(z+)/Cu we identified partial electrochemical redox reactions during oxidation and reduction. The results contribute to a detailed understanding of the resistive switching effect in Cu/SiO(2)/Pt cells and provide insight into electrochemically assisted diffusion of metal cations in oxides in general.
Towards a non-allergenic peptide mix containing the T cell epitopes of the clinically most relevant house dust mite allergens for tolerance induction (2016)

Abstract House dust mites are one of the most important allergen sources. Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 5, Der p 7, Der p 21 and Der p 23 are the clinically most important house dust mite (HDM) allergens. The aim of this study was to define a mix of non-allergenic T cell epitope-containing peptides of these allergens for tolerance induction. According to the amino acid sequences of these allergens, we synthesized and purified 33 overlapping peptides covering the complete sequences of Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 21 and 23. The peptides were tested for IgE and IgG reactivity with sera from HDM allergic patients in ELISA. PBMCs from 27 HDM allergic and 10 non-HDM allergic individuals were incubated with the synthetic peptides and T cell proliferation was measured using a CFSE dilution-based assay. The peptides could be purified in large amounts. They lacked secondary structure but most of them remained soluble in physiological buffers. ELISA assays indicated that most peptides from Derp 1, 2, 5, 7, 21 and 23 lacked IgE reactivity and thus were non-allergenic. T cell proliferation assays identified 12 predominant epitopes in the Der p allergens. Our data indicates that a reasonable number of non-allergenic peptides including the sequences and thus T cell epitopes of the clinically most relevant house dust mite allergens can be defined for prevention of HDM allergy by tolerance induction.
Formation of PPy/Ta2O5/Ta structure by electropolymerization (1992)

Abstract Electropolymerization of pyrrole on tantalum (Ta) electrodes was carried out in buffer solutions (0.04 M phosphoric acid, 0.04 M acetic acid, 0.04 M boric acid and 0.2 M sodium hydroxide) containing 0.1 M sodium ptoluenesulfonate (TsONa) under galvanostatic conditions and it was found that a polypyrrole (PPy) and a tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) layer are formed on a Ta electrode by an electrochemical oxidation process. The conditions of this simultaneous formation were studied in respect to current density (i d ), pyrrole concentration ([Py]), pH and the amount of electricity. Under certain conditions ([Py] = 0.25 M, pH = 1.8, i d = 10–20 mA cm −2 , the amount of electricity = 1 C), 6–8 μm thick PPy films were efficiently formed on homogeneous 30–50 nm thick Ta 2 O 5 layers. The PPy film showed a high electrical conductivity (110 s cm −1 ), adhered well and covered the Ta 2 O 5 layer. The resulting PPy/Ta 2 O 5 /Ta system is therefore proved to have excellent properties as a capacitor.