gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells as a model system to investigate the role of detoxification gene expression in response to xenobiotics (2022)

<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (fall armyworm) is a highly destructive invasive pest that feeds on numerous crops including maize and rice. It has developed sophisticated mechanisms to detoxify xenobiotics such as secondary plant metabolites as well as manmade insecticides. The aim of the study was to explore the detoxification response to plant secondary metabolites and insecticides employing a <i>S. frugiperda</i> Sf9 cell model exposed to indole 3-carbinol (I3C) and methoprene. The cell Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC<sub>50</sub>) for these molecules was determined and IC<sub>10</sub>, IC<sub>20</sub> and IC<sub>30</sub> doses were used to monitor the induction profiles of detoxification genes. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) of the <i>CYP9A</i> subfamily were the most inducible genes of the seven examined. Our results also showed the induction of the transcription factor Cap'n'collar isoform C (CncC). Transient transformation of Sf9 cells overexpressing CncC and its partner muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (<i>Maf</i>) induces overexpression of <i>CYP4M14, CYP4M15, CYP321A9</i> and <i>GSTE1</i> while CYP9As were not induced. Next, we determined the capacity of recombinantly expressed CYP9A30, CYP9A31 and CYP9A32 to interact with methoprene and I3C. Fluorescence-based biochemical assays revealed an interaction of methoprene with functionally expressed CYP9A30, CYP9A31 and CYP9A32 whereas almost no interaction was detected for I3C, suggesting the ability of CYP9As to metabolize methoprene. Our results showed that Sf9 cells could be a useful model to decipher detoxification pathways of <i>S. frugiperda</i>.
Inhibitory RNA Ligand to Reverse Transcriptase from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (1996)

High-affinity, high-specificity RNA ligands for reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were isolated from an RNA library by the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) procedure. The selected RNA ligands bound to FIV reverse transcriptase with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. One of the ligands was a potent inhibitor of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of both the recombinant and the virion-derived FIV reverse transcriptase. It also inhibited the reverse transcriptase from an FIV mutant that is resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). The inhibition of FIV reverse transcriptase was competitive with respect to template-primer and noncompetitive with respect to deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates. This ligand was specific for the FIV enzyme and did not inhibit other reverse transcriptases tested (avian myeloblastosis virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1).
Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota Alterations and the Cytokine Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease during Hospitalization (2022)

The role of the intestinal microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being elucidated. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in microbiota composition and the correlation between inflammation biomarkers/cytokines and microbiota in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We obtained stool specimens, blood samples, and patient records from 22 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and performed 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of stool samples over the course of disease onset compared to 40 healthy individual stool samples. We analyzed the correlation between the changes in the gut microbiota and plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels. Immediately after admission, differences in the gut microbiota were observed between COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects, mainly including enrichment of the classes Bacilli and Coriobacteriia and decrease in abundance of the class Clostridia. The bacterial profile continued to change throughout the hospitalization, with a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria including <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and an increase in the facultatively anaerobic bacteria Escherichia<i>-Shigella</i>. A consistent increase in <i>Eggerthella</i> belonging to the class Coriobacteriia was observed. The abundance of the class Clostridia was inversely correlated with interferon-γ level and that of the phylum Actinobacteria, which was enriched in COVID-19, and was positively correlated with gp130/sIL-6Rb levels. Dysbiosis was continued even after 21 days from onset. The intestines tended to be an aerobic environment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Because the composition of the gut microbiota correlates with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, this finding emphasizes the need to understand how pathology is related to the temporal changes in the specific gut microbiota observed in COVID-19 patients. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> There is growing evidence that the commensal microbiota of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts regulates local and systemic inflammation (gut-lung axis). COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, but the involvement of microbiota changes in the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. The composition of the gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 changed over time during hospitalization, and the intestines tended to be an aerobic environment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These changes in gut microbiota may induce increased intestinal permeability, called leaky gut, allowing bacteria and toxins to enter the circulatory system and further aggravate the systemic inflammatory response. Since gut microbiota composition correlates with levels of proinflammatory cytokines, this finding highlights the need to understand how pathology relates to the gut environment, including the temporal changes in specific gut microbiota observed in COVID-19 patients.
Fatty Acid Oxidation Mediated by Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain 3 Is Required for Mutant KRAS Lung Tumorigenesis (2016)

KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancer. Mutant KRAS aberrantly regulates metabolic networks. However, the contribution of cellular metabolism to mutant KRAS tumorigenesis is not completely understood. We report that mutant KRAS regulates intracellular fatty acid metabolism through Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3), which converts fatty acids into fatty Acyl-CoA esters, the substrates for lipid synthesis and β-oxidation. ACSL3 suppression is associated with depletion of cellular ATP and causes the death of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, mutant KRAS promotes the cellular uptake, retention, accumulation, and β-oxidation of fatty acids in lung cancer cells in an ACSL3-dependent manner. Finally, ACSL3 is essential for mutant KRAS lung cancer tumorigenesis in vivo and is highly expressed in human lung cancer. Our data demonstrate that mutant KRAS reprograms lipid homeostasis, establishing a metabolic requirement that could be exploited for therapeutic gain.
Characterization of Sodium Alginate Hydrogels Reinforced with Nanoparticles of Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications (2021)

In recent years, researchers working in biomedical science and technology have investigated alternatives for enhancing the mechanical properties of biomedical materials. In this work, sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel-reinforced nanoparticles (NPs) of hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared to enhance the mechanical properties of this polymer. Compression tests showed an increase of 354.54% in ultimate compressive strength (UCS), and 154.36% in Young’s modulus with the addition of these NPs compared with pure SA. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the amount of residual water is not negligible and covered a range from 20 to 35 wt%, and the decomposition degree of the alginate depends on the hydroxyapatite content, possibly due to the displacement of sodium ions by the hydroxyapatite and not by calcium chloride. Further, there is an important effect possibly due to the existence of an interaction of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl of the alginate and the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyapatite, so signals appear upfield in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. An increase in the accumulation of HA particles was observed with the use of X-ray microtomography, in which the quantified volume of particles per reconstructed volume corresponded accordingly to the increase in the mechanical properties of the hydrogel.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Preparation of 2H‐(5,4‐b)Pyridoisothiazolone. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lumped‐element planar strip array (LPSA) for parallel MRI (2003)

The recently introduced planar strip array (PSA) can significantly reduce scan times in parallel MRI by enabling the utilization of a large number of RF strip detectors that are inherently decoupled, and are tuned by adjusting the strip length to integer multiples of a quarter-wavelength (lambda/4) in the presence of a ground plane and dielectric substrate. In addition, the more explicit spatial information embedded in the phase of the signals from the strip array is advantageous (compared to loop arrays) for limiting aliasing artifacts in parallel MRI. However, losses in the detector as its natural resonance frequency approaches the Larmor frequency (where the wavelength is long at 1.5 T) may limit the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PSA. Moreover, the PSA's inherent lambda/4 structure severely limits our ability to adjust detector geometry to optimize the performance for a specific organ system, as is done with loop coils. In this study we replaced the dielectric substrate with discrete capacitors, which resulted in both SNR improvement and a tunable lumped-element PSA (LPSA) whose dimensions can be optimized within broad constraints, for a given region of interest (ROI) and MRI frequency. A detailed theoretical analysis of the LPSA is presented, including its equivalent circuit, electromagnetic fields, SNR, and g-factor maps for parallel MRI. Two different decoupling schemes for the LPSA are described. A four-element LPSA prototype was built to test the theory with quantitative measurements on images obtained with parallel and conventional acquisition schemes.
Innenrücktitelbild: Engineering Multimodal Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Silicon Nanowires (Angew. Chem. 31/2013) (2013)

Lokalisierte Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzen können in dotierten Siliciumnanodrähten durch die Absorption von Licht im mittleren Infrarot erzeugt werden. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 8237 ff. stellen M. A Filler und L.-W. Chou eine Methode vor, mit der mehrere, axial angeordnete, dotierte Regionen in einzelne Siliciumnanodrähte eingebaut werden können. Der Ansatz verspricht neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für den häufigsten Halbleiter in der Katalyse, molekularen Erkennung und Energiegewinnung.
Laser-tweezer-controlled solid immersion microscopy in microfluidic systems (2005)

We describe the creation and implementation of a near-field scanning solid immersion microscope that is specifically tailored for use in microfluidic systems. The microscope comprises a newly fabricated Weierstrass solid immersion lens (SIL), which is detached from its substrate and is free floating in the fluid, and a laser optical tweezer, which serves both as a trapping beam for alignment and positioning of the SIL and as a near-field scanning beam that images the sample through the SIL. A discussion of the SIL's fabrication method is presented along with experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our microscope design.
In silico analytico‐mathematical interpretation of biopolymeric assemblies: Quantification of energy surfaces and molecular attributes via atomistic simulations (2018)

Static-lattice atomistic simulations, in vacuum and solvent phase, have been recently employed to quantify the "in vitro-in vivo-in silico" performance-correlation profile of various drug delivery systems and biomaterial scaffolds. The reactional profile of biopolymers was elucidated by exploring the spatial disposition of the molecular components with respect to the formulation conditions and the final release medium. This manuscript provides a brief overview of recently completed and published studies related to molecular tectonics of: (a) the nanoformation and solvation properties of the surfactant-emulsified polymeric systems; (b) the formation and chemistry of polyelectrolyte complexes; (c) the effect of a plasticizer and/or drug on the physicomechanical properties of biomedical archetypes; (d) the molecular modeling templates to predict stimuli- and environmentally esponsive systems; and (e) the polymer-mucopeptide complexes and intermacromolecular networks. Furthermore, this report provides a detailed account of the role of molecular mechanics energy relationships toward the interpretation and understanding of the mechanisms that control the formation, fabrication, selection, design, performance, complexation, interaction, stereospecificity, and preference of various biopolymeric systems for biomedical applications.
<title>AMLCD image retention design issues for avionics applications</title> (1998)

AMLCDs have an inherent problem with accumulation of DC charge as a result of manufacturing variation, AMLCD drive waveforms, and temperature variation. The accumulation of DC charge in an AMLCD results in image sticking or image retention. This paper addresses the root cause of DC charge accumulation, design and manufacturing factors in reducing DC charge, and measurement metrics for determining degree of image retention.
A Motion Analysis of the Cervical Facet Joint (1998)

Isolated cervical facet joints are highly mobile in comparison with their motions within the constraints of intact motion segments; gliding motions of the isolated facet to near dislocation is possible before the facet capsule constrains motion. Cervical coupled motions are a result of an intact vertebral ring and a combination of the two facet joints. The vertebral ring with facet joints and capsules all intact is necessary for lateral bending stability and rotational stability in the cervical spine.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Boron—Copper Additions to Aryl‐Substituted Alkenes Promoted by NHC‐Based Catalysts. Enantioselective Cu‐Catalyzed Hydroboration Reactions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydro-2H-isoquinoline-3,5,8-triones via Cyclobutene Ring Expansion (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEfficient Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydro-2H-isoquinoline-3,5,8-triones via Cyclobutene Ring ExpansionPeter Wipf and Corey R. HopkinsView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 18, 6881–6887Publication Date (Web):August 11, 1999Publication History Received19 January 1999Published online11 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990089vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990089vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1488Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Annulations,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
1000 V, 30 A SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors and Integrated Darlington Pairs (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Self-Aware Machine Platform in Manufacturing Shop Floor Utilizing MTConnect Data (2014)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; We propose a framework of self-aware machines based on data collected using the MTConnect protocol. Beyond exist- ing applications of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) reporting, the proposed framework integrates multiple sources of information for work-piece and machine condition monitoring, and equipment time to failure prediction in manufacturing processes, and provides feedback to shop supervisor. Firstly, we propose a method to predict component wear and failure based on operational data. ICP (Interactive Closest Point) algorithm is used to find the best matching tool path given a certain tool number to identify similar machining pro- cesses. The result of ICP tool path matching, together with other parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and tool number, are used to adaptively cluster the machining pro- cesses. For each process cluster, a particle filter based prognostic algorithm is used to predict tool wear and/or spindle bearing failure. Secondly, we propose to use anomaly detection methods to detect changes in normal behavior of the machines. Various machine learning algorithms are utilized to detect anomalies based on real-time data, and a voting mechanism is used to decide when to trigger an alarm. Thirdly, the axes traverse is aggregated to provide a measure of the wear on various axes in the machine, which is correlated to errors in position comparing to the commanded positions and nominal tool paths. Spindle load verse rotating speed is also examined to facilitate shop floor scheduling to avoid damage caused by unintentionally excessive machine usage. The proposed framework has been demonstrated using published data from two Mazak machine tools.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Functional topography of the fully grown human oocyte (2017)

In vivo maturation (IVM) of human oocytes is a technique used to increase the number of usable oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and represents a necessity for women with different ovarian pathologies. During IVM the oocytes progress from the germinal vesicle stage (GV) through the metaphase II and during this journey both nuclear and cytoplasmic rearrangements must be obtained to increase the probability to get viable and healthy zygotes/embryos after IVF. As the successful clinical outcomes of this technique are a reality, we wanted to investigate the causes behind oocytes maturation arrest. For obvious ethical reasons, we were able to analyze only few human immature oocytes discarded and donated to research by transmission electron microscopy showing that, as in the mouse, they have different chromatin and cytoplasmic organizations both essential for further embryo development.
Fabrication of Fly Ash‐Based Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Oxides Loaded with Zinc and its Synergistic Fire Resistancy in Polypropylene (2019)

A kind of mesoporous aluminosilicate oxides (MAOs) were fabricated from industrial waste, coal fly ash. After loaded with zinc on MAO, the product MAO‐Zn was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MAO‐Zn was incorporated with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) together and used in polypropylene (PP). Basic characterization including limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), and cone calorimeter test (CCT) were finished. The result showed the LOI value of PP was only 17.7 and cannot pass UL‐94 grade; however, 25 wt% IFR in PP help the composite obtained LOI value of 27.6 and passed UL‐94V‐1 grade. Surprisingly, with only 2 wt% MAO‐Zn substitution of IFR, the LOI of PP/IFR composite sharply went up to 37.2 and passed V‐0 grade. CCT results documented that heat, smoke, and fatal gas release were obviously suppressed by IFR/MAO‐Zn combination. By SEM observation and quantitative analysis of TGA results, the contribution of MAO‐Zn was summarized as adsorption of heat/smoke and promotion on charring. It was worth mentioning that the low dose of MAO‐Zn (≤ 3 wt%) did not bring further deterioration on mechanical properties. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:135–143, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Computational analysis of mechanical stress in colonic diverticulosis (2020)

Diverticulosis results from the development of pouch-like structures, called diverticula, over the colon. The etiology of the disease is poorly understood resulting in a lack of effective treatment approaches. It is well known that mechanical stress plays a major role in tissue remodeling, yet its role in diverticulosis has not been studied. Here, we used computational mechanics to investigate changes in stress distribution engendered over the colon tissue by the presence of a pouch-like structure. The objectives of the study were twofold: (1) observe how stress distribution changes around a single pouch and (2) evaluate how stress elevation correlates with the size of the pouch. Results showed that high stresses are concentrated around the neck of a pouch, and their values and propagation increase with the size of the pouch neck rather than the pouch surface area. These findings suggest that stress distribution may change in diverticulosis and a vicious cycle may occur where pouch size increases due to stress elevation, which in turn elevates stress further and so on. Significant luminal pressure reduction would be necessary to maintain stress at normal level according to our results and therapeutic approaches aimed directly at reducing stress should rather be sought after.
Pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract symptoms in experimental rhinovirus infection. (1983)

To investigate the pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract symptoms during rhinovirus infection, 19 healthy young adult volunteers were exposed to a currently unnumbered rhinovirus strain (HH). Spirometry and bronchoprovocation with histamine sulfate were performed prior to and on Days 4, 5, and 21 after exposure to the virus. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for visualization and culture of the tracheobronchial mucosa was done on Day 4 or Day 5. Fourteen of 19 volunteers were infected with rhinovirus; 9 of the 14 had clinical illness. Rhinovirus was isolated from the bronchial brush specimens in 5 of the 13 infected volunteers bronchoscoped, all of whom had clinical illness. Rhinovirus was not isolated at bronchoscopy from any of the 5 infected volunteers without clinical illness (p = 0.025, Fisher's exact test). Spirometry and histamine bronchoprovocation were unchanged during experimental rhinovirus infection. Rhinovirus may invade the lower respiratory tract in symptomatic infections, and thereby cause lower respiratory tract symptoms.