gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT, AMPLICOR-HIV monitor, and QUANTIPLEX HIV RNA assay, three methods for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma (1996)

Three commercial assays for quantifying plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA were evaluated. The assays differed in their sample volumes, the means of preparing samples, and methods of amplification and detection. Plasma samples were obtained from 36 HIV-1-infected patients representing all stages of HIV-1 infection and were analyzed as coded specimens. Measurement of HIV-1 RNA baseline levels revealed no significant difference in sensitivity between the three assays. The assays were also applied to the quantitation of HIV-1 RNA levels in the plasma of patients who were changing their antiretroviral therapy. The changes measured in HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma in response to therapy were comparable by the three assays. No close correlation was found between the amount of HIV-1 RNA and the CD4 T-cell count; HIV-1 RNA assays were more sensitive than p24 antigen assays as an indicator of plasma viremia. Overall, the study demonstrates that all three quantitative assays for HIV-1 RNA can be used to measure the HIV-1 RNA copy number representing the HIV-1 viremia status in patients with HIV-1 infection. Since this copy number is likely to be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, these quantitative assays for HIV-1 RNA are ready to be built into clinical trials.
Decision Algorithms for the Retreatment with Viscosupplementation in Patients Suffering from Knee Osteoarthritis: Recommendations from the EUROpean VIScosupplementation COnsensus Group (EUROVISCO) (2017)

Background Viscosupplementation (VS) is a symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Although systematic reviews of its repeat use showed favorable benefit/risk ratio, no study has focused on the indication of retreatment. Methods A task force was created to look at issues regarding retreatment with VS in knee osteoarthritis. An attempt was made to reach consensus on several issues: (1) to define treatment "success" and "failure," (2) to determine when to retreat patients successfully treated by a previous VS, (3) to determine how to retreat patients in whom VS failed, (4) to define what to do in case of adverse reaction following previous VS, and (5) to examine the interests of soluble biomarkers to manage retreatment. After debate and review of literature the working group voted on 88 issues. Two "decision trees" were built based on the results of the votes. Results In case of failure, the authors draw attention to the need of a rigorous clinical and radiological analysis, and consider evidence-based medicine. When VS was previously successful, retreatment can be considered after recurrence or increase in pain. However, in subjects with high risk of disease progression, in young patients, and in professional sportsmen, retreatment could be considered systematically, because of the probability of hyaluronic acid to slow osteoarthritis progression. Evidence on soluble biomarkers was not considered as enough strong to support their use as decision tools for patient retreatment. Conclusion The decision algorithms are intended to facilitate consideration of the therapeutic options, in patients with knee osteoarthritis previously treated with VS.
Appendix A1. Etch Cell Engineering Diagrams and Schematics (2011)

This appendix contains sections titled: Standard or Small Etch Cell-Complete Standard Etch Cell Top Piece Small Etch Cell Top Piece Etch Cell Base (for Either Standard or Small Etch Cell) Large Etch Cell-Complete Large Etch Cell Top Piece Large Etch Cell Base
Positron lifetimes in GaAs (1979)

The suitability of the positron-lifetime technique to the study of native vacancies in GaAs is demonstrated. Significant variations in positron lifetime among a variety of as-grown GaAs single crystals were observed. The longest positron lifetime was found in undoped samples. Annealing in vacuum at 300–500 °C reduced the long-lifetime component. The results present strong evidence for the existence of Ga vacancies in the as-grown material.
Quantifying Desorption of Saturated Hydrocarbons from Silicon with Quantum Calculations and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2006)

Electron stimulated desorption of cyclopentene from the Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface is studied experimentally with cryogenic UHV STM and theoretically with transport, electronic structure, and dynamical calculations. Unexpectedly for a saturated hydrocarbon on silicon, desorption is observed at bias magnitudes as low as 2.5 V, albeit the desorption yields are a factor of 500 to 1000 lower than previously reported for unsaturated molecules on silicon. The low threshold voltage for desorption is attributed to hybridization of the molecule with the silicon surface, which results in low-lying ionic resonances within 2-3 eV of the Fermi level. These resonances are long-lived, spatially localized, and displaced in equilibrium with respect to the neutral state. This study highlights the importance of nuclear dynamics in silicon-based molecular electronics and suggests new guidelines for the control of such dynamics.
Ascaris lumbricoides in the paranasal sinuses of a Jamaican adult (1997)

Journal Article Ascaris lumbricoides in the paranasal sinuses of a Jamaican adult Get access A. Naravane, A. Naravane 1Department of Anatomy, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.F. Lindo, J.F. Lindo ∗ 2Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica ∗Author for correspondence; phone +1 809 977 2206, fax +1 809 977 1265. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.A.D. Williams, L.A.D. Williams 1Department of Anatomy, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.T. Gardener, M.T. Gardener 1Department of Anatomy, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.K. Fletcher C.K. Fletcher 1Department of Anatomy, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 91, Issue 1, January-February 1997, Page 37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90386-2 Published: 01 January 1997 Article history Received: 30 July 1996 Revision received: 28 August 1996 Accepted: 11 September 1996 Published: 01 January 1997
A Role for αvβ3 Integrin During Implantation in the Rabbit Model (2003)

The study of implantation has been facilitated by the identification of specific biomarkers that are associated with uterine receptivity. The avb3 integrin is a cell surface adhesion receptor, whose expression has been shown to be elevated in the endometrium at the time of implantation in both humans and other mammalian species; however, the distribution of avb3 in the rabbit model is unknown. The rabbit has been shown to be an excellent model for the study of implantation. As an obligate ovulator, the timing of pregnancy can be precisely established, and embryonic attachment occurs through specialized trophoblastendometrial structures known as trophoblastic knobs. In the present study, the expression of avb3 integrin subunit in the rabbit uterus was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Expression of the avb3 integrin was examined in Day 6.5 embryos, flushed from pregnant does. Immunofluorescence demonstrated strong immunostaining on the rabbit blastocyst (Day 6.5). RT-PCR analyses showed higher levels of mRNA for b3 subunit at the implantation site, with reduced expression in nonimplantation sites and in nonpregnant adult and immature endometrium. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated little, if any, b3 immunoreactivity on the endometrial epithelium. In contrast, in situ hybridization showed expression of the b3 integrin subunit mRNA in the uterine myometrium and on the trophoblast. To further determine the functional significance of avb3 integrin expression during implantation, pregnant female rabbits that underwent ventral laparotomy on the morning of Day 6 received intrauterine injection of the following into the right uterine horn: 1) the monoclonal avb3 neutralizing antibody (LM609), 2) arg-gly-asp (RGD) hexapeptides (GRGDSP), 3) non-RGD hexapeptides (GRGESP), and 4) IgG isotype matched control antibody. The left horn served as a control and received only saline injections. A significant reduction in the number of implantation sites was observed in the horns receiving anti-avb3 antibody (P , 0.001) and the RGD peptides (P 5 0.03). In the rabbit, the avb3 integrin is present on the embryo and trophoblast and appears to be involved in early embryo-maternal interaction. embryo, implantation, uterus
Search for Evidence of the Type-III Seesaw Mechanism in Multilepton Final States in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13  TeV (2017)

A search for a signal consistent with the type-III seesaw mechanism in events with three or more electrons or muons is presented. The data sample consists of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb^{-1}. Selection criteria based on the number of leptons and the invariant mass of oppositely charged lepton pairs are used to distinguish the signal from the standard model background. The observations are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. The results are used to place limits on the production of heavy fermions of the type-III seesaw model as a function of the branching ratio to each lepton flavor. In the scenario of equal branching fractions to each lepton flavor, heavy fermions with masses below 840 GeV are excluded. This is the most sensitive probe to date of the type-III seesaw mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Fluorinated Olefins to Ester Enolates. Synthesis of Fluorinated Carboxylic Esters and Tetrafluorocyclobutanes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Rigulation of Glycogen Metabolism (1978)

Inhibitor-1 from rabbit skeletal muscle was phosphorylated by protein kinase dependent on adenosine 3' :5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), but not by phosphorylase kinase or by glycogen synthetase kinase-2. Protein phosphatase-III, isolated and stored in the presence of manganese ions to keep it stable, was in a form which catalysed a rapid dephosphorylation and inactivation of inhibitor-1. The kinetic constants for the dephosphorylation of inhibitor-1 [Km = 0.7 micron, V(rel) = 40] were comparable to those for the dephosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase [Km =1.1 micron, V (rel) = 62] and phosphorylase [Km = 5.0 micron, V (rel) = 100]. The dephosphorylation of inhibitor -1 was inhibited by inhibitor-2, indicating that it was catalysed by protein phosphatase-III, and not by another enzyme that might be contaminating the preparation. When protein phosphatase-III was diluted into buffers containing excess EDTA, it lost activity initially, but after 90 min, the activity reached a plateau that remained stable for at least 20h. The initial loss in activity varied with the substrate that was tested; it was 20-30% with phosphorylase a, 50-60% with phosphorylase kinase and greater than or equal to 95% with inhibitor-1. This form of protein phosphatase-III was inhibited by inhibitor-1 in a noncompetitive manner, and the Ki for inhibitor-1 was 1.6 +/- 0.3 nM. The phosphorylase phosphatase, phosphorylase kinase phosphatase and glycogen synthetase phosphatase activities of protein phosphatase-III were inhibited in an identical manner by inhibitor-1. This result emphasizes the potential importance of inhibitor-1 in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, since it can influence the state of phosphorylation of three different enzymes. The formation of the inactive complex between inhibitor-1 and protein phosphatase-III was reversed by incubation with trypsin (which destroyed inhibitor-1, but not protein phosphatase-III) or by dilution of the inactive complex. Kinetic studies, using the form of protein phosphatase-III which dephosphorylated inhibitor-1 very rapidly, demonstrated three unusual features of the system: (a) inhibitor-1 was still as powerful and inhibitor of the dephosphorylation of phosphorylase a and phosphorylase kinase a even under conditions where it was being rapidly dephosphorylated; (b) inhibitor-1 was not an inhibitor of its own dephosphorylation; (c) phosphorylase a did not effect the rate of dephosphorylation of inhibitor-1 even when it was present in a 50-fold molar excess over inhibitor-1. The result of these three properties is that inhibitor-1 is preferentially dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase-III even in the presence of a large excess of other phosphoprotein substrates. Inhibitor-1 was also dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase-II. The kinetic constants for the dephosphorylation of inhibitor-1 [Km = 2.8 micron, V (rel) = 200] and the alpha-subunit of phosphorylase kinase [Km = 3.7 micron, V (rel) = 100]were comparable...
Management of Pancreatico-duodenal arterio-venous malformation (2022)

Embolization of symptomatic PDAVMs is effective and surgery should be performed in second intention. Complete devascularization is more difficult to obtain in Yakes III PDAVM.
Editorial: special issue on industrial robot agility (2016)

Purpose This special issue of the Industrial Robot journal is focused on Industrial Robot Agility with co-guest editors Craig Schlenoff (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Stephen Balakirsky (Georgia Tech Research institute) and Murad Kurwa (Flextronics). Design/methodology/approach Over 50 papers were submitted, with only a small subset of them accepted and published in this special issue. Robot agility involves many aspects, such as the bullets listed above, therefore we attempted to include a cross section of papers that addressed various aspects. Findings The robotic systems of tomorrow need to be capable, flexible, and agile. These systems need to perform their duties at least as well as human counterparts, be quickly re-tasked to other operations, and cope with a wide variety of unexpected environmental and operational changes. Originality/value To be successful, these systems need to combine domain expertise, knowledge of their own skills and limitations, and both semantic and geometr...
Catalysts, catalyst supports and methods of making the same (2023)

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a core in the shape of a particle having a characteristic length between about one micron and about one millimeter, an active material that includes a noble metal deposited on a surface of the core, and a coating that includes a first metal-oxide, where the active material is positioned between the core and the coating, the active material has a diameter between about one nanometer and about 20 nanometers, and the coating has a thickness between greater than zero nanometers and about 20 nanometers.
Partial Agonism of 5-HT3Receptors: A Novel Approach to the Symptomatic Treatment of IBS-D (2012)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort, and altered bowel habits, which have a significant impact on quality of life for approximately 10-20% of the population. IBS can be divided into three main types IBS-D (diarrhea predominant), IBS-C (constipation predominant), and mixed or alternating IBS. 5-HT(3) receptor antagonism has proved to be an efficacious treatment option for IBS-D. For example, alosetron displays efficacy in the treatment of multiple symptoms, including abdominal pain, discomfort, urgency, stool frequency and consistency. However, significant constipation occurred in approximately 25% of patients, leading to withdrawal of up to 10% of patients in clinical trials. Targeting compounds with partial agonist activity at the 5-HT(3) receptor represents a mechanistic departure from the classic 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist approach and should result in agents that are applicable to a broader array of IBS patient populations. Attenuation of the activity of the ion channel without completely abolishing its function may control or normalize bowel function without leading to a total block associated with severe constipation. We have identified a new class of selective, orally active 5-HT(3) receptor ligands with high 5-HT(3) receptor affinity and low partial agonist activity currently in preclinical development that should offer a significant advantage over existing therapies.
Effect of Upstream Accumulated Sediments on Fayoum Type Weir Efficiency (2020)

Under various conditions of flows in open channels with time, sediments are accumulated gradually upstream weirs. Accumulated sediments upstream weirs cause the back water curve and discharge coefficient (Cd) of weirs to change. For this reason, the effect of four different models of accumulated sediments on the discharge coefficient and the maximum height of backwater curve (Z) of Fayoum type weir (narrow crested weir) had been experimentally investigated. In this research, four values of discharges equal to 8 lit. /sec., 10 lit. /sec., 13 lit. /sec. and 15 lit. /sec. were used. From the analysis of results, compared with the case of no sediments, it was observed that with the increasing of accumulated sediments, the head over weir crest (H) decreased by about 16 % and consequently, the discharge coefficient of weir increased by about 38 %. The maximum height of back drawdown water curve upstream weir (Z) decreased gradually with the increasing of accumulated sediments by about 5.3%. For the aforementioned analysis, it is recommended to eliminate all of accumulated sediments upstream Fayoum type weirs for improving the performance.
A 35 mW 10 Gb/s ADC-DSP less direct digital sequence detector and equalizer in 65nm CMOS (2016)

This paper describes design technique of energy-efficient ADC-DSP less sequence detection and equalization. This scheme takes advantage of the ISI in the channel to reconstruct the time domain bit sequence. This concept is demonstrated with a 4-bit sequence decoder designed and fabricated in 65nm CMOS using only 4-data, 3-edge comparators. Consuming only 35 mW at 10 Gb/s and without any transmit equalization, this receiver is capable of compensating 27 dB channel loss with 90 mV Voltage margin and 25 ps timing margin at BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> .
Expression and functional role of a transcribed noncoding RNA with an ultraconserved element in hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

Although expression of non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA) can be altered in human cancers, their functional relevance is unknown. Ultraconserved regions are noncoding genomic segments that are 100% conserved across humans, mice, and rats. Conservation of gene sequences across species may indicate an essential functional role, and therefore we evaluated the expression of ultraconserved RNAs (ucRNA) in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). The global expression of ucRNAs was analyzed with a custom microarray. Expression was verified in cell lines by real-time PCR or in tissues by in situ hybridization using tissue microarrays. Cellular ucRNA expression was modulated with siRNAs, and the effects on global gene expression and growth of human and murine HCC cells were evaluated. Fifty-six ucRNAs were aberrantly expressed in HepG2 cells compared with nonmalignant hepatocytes. Among these ucRNAs, the greatest change was noted for ultraconserved element 338 (uc.338), which was dramatically increased in human HCC compared with noncancerous adjacent tissues. Although uc.338 is partially located within the poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) gene, the transcribed ncRNA encoding uc.338 is expressed independently of PCBP2 and was cloned as a 590-bp RNA gene, termed TUC338. Functional gene annotation analysis indicated predominant effects on genes involved in cell growth. These effects were experimentally demonstrated in both human and murine cells. siRNA to TUC338 decreased both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of HCC cells. These studies identify a critical role for TUC338 in regulation of transformed cell growth and of transcribed ultraconserved ncRNA as a unique class of genes involved in the pathobiology of HCC.
PRAN (2014)

With the continued exponential growth of mobile traffic and the rise of diverse applications, the current LTE radio access network (RAN) architecture of cellular operators face mounting challenges. Current RAN suffers from insufficient radio resource coordination, inefficient infrastructure utilization, and inflexible data paths. We present the high level design of PRAN, which centralizes base stations' L1/L2 processing into a cluster of commodity servers. PRAN uses a flexible data path model to support new protocols; multiple base stations' L1/L2 processing tasks are scheduled on servers with performance guarantees; and a RAN scheduler coordinates the allocation of shared radio resources between operators and base stations. Our evaluation shows the feasibility of fast data path control and efficiency of resource pooling (a potential for a 30× reduction on resources).
NetODESSA: Dynamic Policy Enforcement in Cloud Networks (2011)

The networking environments found in cloud computing systems are highly complex and dynamic. Consequently, they have strained current policy management and enforcement systems that are based on writing explicit rules about individual hosts. In response, we propose NetODESSA, an inference-based system for network configuration and dynamic policy enforcement. NetODESSA permits the construction of flexible and resilient dynamic networks by allowing network administrators to write general policies about classes of hosts that are combined with runtime information to form network-level actions. Moreover, NetODESSA will infer refinements to the policy from network and host-level data, ensuring that the network remains secure. We have created an initial design for the system and implemented a basic prototype, demonstrating the practicality of this scheme.
A simple method for sequencing the complementary strand of ssDNA from M13 clones (1991)

Journal Article A simple method for sequencing the complementary strand of ssDNA from M13 clones Get access Victoria Smith, Victoria Smith Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular BiologyHills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Chee Mark Chee Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular BiologyHills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 24, 25 December 1991, Page 6957, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.24.6957 Published: 25 December 1991 Article history Received: 23 August 1991 Published: 25 December 1991