gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Analysis of the Reverse Osmosis Membranes Used for Advanced Treatment of Human Excreta. (1994)

The surface analysis of the membranes used for advanced treatment of human excreta were examined in order to clarify the effects of membrane cleaning. The low desalting reverse osmosis membranes were used ; composit polyamide membranes, spiral wound type, the membrane area : 6.5m2, desalting degrees : ca.50% (RO-1) and ca.30% (RO-2). In the treatment experiments the membranes were periodically cleaned with tap water, an alkaline solution, and an acid solution. The membranes after the cleaning with each solution were analyzed by refrection FTIR, EPMA and ESCA. In addition, the exhausted cleaning solutions were analyzed by GPC.The results obtained by the analyses were summarized as follows : (1) both inorganic and organic fouling materials were removed effectively by the acid cleaning and this corresponded to the recovery of the water flux by the cleaning, (2) the organic fouling materials consisted of high molecular weight components (ca.6000 and ca.20000 daltons) such as polysaccharides and proteins, and (3) the complete removal of proteins was difficult even by the acid cleaning, because a little proteins remained on the membranes after the acid celaning.
The Use of Dopants for Defect Monitoring for Silicon-Germanium Ultra-High Vaccuum Chemical Vapor Deposition (2014)

Silicon-germanium epitaxy via ultra high vacuum chemical vapor deposition has the advantage of allowing low process temperatures. Deposition processes are sensitive to substrate surface preparation and the time delay between oxide removal and epitaxial growth. A new monitoring process utilizing doped substrates and defect decoration etching is demonstrated to have controllable and unique sensitivity to interfacial contaminants. Doped substrates were prepared and subjected to various loading conditions prior to the growth of typical Si/SiGe bilayers. Two different defect etches were performed, and the defect densities counted and confirmed as originating from the substrate-epitaxy interface. The defect densities were correlated to the concentration of interfacial oxygen. The result of this study is a suggestion for a defect monitoring technique that uses already commonplace equipment and chemicals, which has a rapid turnaround, with controllable sensitivity to substrate surface contaminants.
Intelligent feature analysis in fuzzy problem domain: a better approach (2005)

The motivation of this paper comes from the need of generating feature vectors for classical pattern recognition problem. Though the paper basically deals with the problem of printed as well as handwritten character recognition, the idea of feature extraction and analysis may be successfully incorporated in other pattern recognition problem domains. To cope with the fuzzyness of the problem space, some intelligent approaches have been presented in this paper. The features are fed to a classification mechanism that employs feed forward based recognition system, but instead of using general back propagation algorithm, resilient back propagation algorithm has been used by the classification system to achieve faster recognition rate and better accuracy. Empirical results of the system has been provided which shows that the feature extraction scheme presented in the paper is effective to meet the challenge of overcoming fuzzyness of the problem domain.
Analysis and design of current regulators using complex vectors (2002)

The analysis and design of current regulators for multi-phase AC loads is presented using complex vector notation. The use of complex vector notation provides a way of comparing the performance of controller topologies through their complex vector root locus and complex vector frequency response functions. Limitations in the performance of the synchronous frame PI current regulator are outlined and several ways of improving its performance are suggested and investigated.
Removal of High-Dose Ion-Implanted 248 nm Deep UV Photoresist Using UV Irradiation and Organic Solvent (2010)

Wet processes using organic solvents are gaining a renewed interest for stripping high dose ion-implanted photoresist (II-PR) in front-end-of-line semiconductor manufacturing because of their excellent selectivity to ultrashallow implanted substrates and novel materials. However, the highly cross-linked resist layer (so-called crust), formed on the top and sidewalls of the resist has very limited solubility in organic solvents unlike the underlying nonimplanted resist (bulk). This study investigates the effect of UV pre- and post-treatment on II-PR for enabling its removal by organic solvent. Moreover, the impact of the UV wavelength, dose, and power density on the crust and bulk is presented. Optimal conditions of the UV pre- and post-treatment can be determined. Short and long wavelengths at low doses induce more scission of the crust with less cross-linking of the bulk, resulting in higher solubility of the II-PR in organic solvents. Moreover, the short wavelength pretreatment is advised because of its bigger effect on the crust, resulting in significant enhancement of the residue removal. In addition, a post-treatment using short wavelengths has high removal efficiency in contrast to the long wavelengths treatment. Finally, no significant impact of the power density is revealed.
Synthesis and Fractionation Studies of Functionalized Organosiloxanes (1989)

The synthesis of difunctionalized aminopropyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) via equilibrium polymerization of the cyclic tetramer in the presence of the functionalized disiloxane was demonstrated. The use of tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium siloxanolate anionic catalysts for these reactions was studied. The reactions of the tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium catalysts were limited to ~80 °C because of the known transience of these species at higher temperatures. The disappearance of the cyclic tetramer and disiloxane was monitored by HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatographic) and GC (gas chromatographic) techniques, which indicated that the tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium catalysts were much more efficient than the potassium catalyst, even when the potassium catalyst was used at much higher(e.g., 160 °C) temperatures. This behavior may be related to the higher degree of dissociation and, possibly, the enhanced solubility of the tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium catalysts relative to the much more studied potassium catalyst. The number-average molecular weight was independent of the catalyst concentration and was influenced only by conversion and the molar ratio of the tetramer to the disiloxane. GPC (gel permeation chromatographic) characterization was also possible by derivatizing the amine to ketimine functionalities. Supercritical-fluid-fractionation studies of the functionalized siloxanes yielded samples with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions, which were compared with polysiloxane standards produced in our laboratory. The number-average molecular weights determined by titration methods and those determined by GPC experiments were in excellent agreement.
The Genomics Organization for Academic Laboratories (GOAL): A vision for a genomics future for academic pathology (2023)

Innovative and self-sustaining clinical genomics laboratories specializing in cutting-edge oncology testing are critical to the success of academic pathology departments and resident and fellow education in molecular pathology. However, the pressures and challenges facing these laboratories are numerous, including the complexities of validating comprehensive cancer next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, competition from commercial laboratories, and the reimbursement and regulatory hurdles inherent in high-complexity testing. Cross-institutional collaborations, including shared assay content and interpretative frameworks, are a valuable element to academic laboratory success. To address these and other needs, the Genomics Organization for Academic Laboratories (GOAL) was conceived in 2018, incorporated in 2020 and has grown to include 29 participating institutions in 2022. Here, we describe the mission of GOAL, its structure, and the outcomes and projects undertaken in its first years.
Screening for Mutations of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome Caused by FOXC1 Gene in Japanese Patients (2001)

Four different FOXC1 mutations were found in four of six Japanese pedigrees with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. This was a new mutation in two pedigrees that was not found in earlier generations. This study confirms that mutations in this gene cause maldevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye.
A pilot phase Ib study to evaluate tadalafil to overcome immunosuppression during chemoradiotherapy for IDH-wild-type glioblastoma (2023)

Concurrent tadalafil is well tolerated during chemoradiotherapy for GBM. Tadalafil is associated with a reduction of peripheral MDSCs after chemoradiotherapy and increased CD8 T-cell proliferation and activation.
Nucleophilic character of acyl radicals: a new selective type of aromatic acylation (1969)

T. Caronna, G. P. Gardini and F. Minisci, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 201 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000201
Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Treatment of Chronic Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (2005)

The most important aspect of treatment is targeted at modification of the underlying disease. However, approaches to symptomatic pain control are essential and include multiple drug classes. Tricyclic antidepressants, including imipramine, nortriptyline, and amitriptyline, have been the mainstays of treatment, but anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth, blurring of vision, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, as well as other adverse effects, often limit their use. Other treatments include capsaicin, clonidine, acupuncture, and electrical stimulation, suggesting that there is no single effective treatment. First-generation antiepileptic drugs have been shown to be effective in neuropathic pain. The evidence supporting the use of a new generation of antiepileptic drugs in painful diabetic neuropathy is reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Demethylation of Aconitine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Teucrium polium extracts stimulate GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in L6 muscle cells (2018)

Teucrium polium L. (TP) is recommended by herbal and integrative practitioners for the treatment of diabetes.However, its mechanism of action in stimulating GLUT4 activity and translocation to the plasma membrane is still unknown.This in vitro study examined the chemical composition, cytotoxicity, and antidiabetic activity of three TP distinct extracts: water/ethanol (WTP), methanol (MTP), and hexane (HTP).The compositions of the TP extracts were determined by GC/MS.MTT and LDH assays were used to assess the toxicity of the extracts.The efficacies of the TP extracts in enhancing glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation to plasma membrane (PM) were tested in L6 muscle cells, stably expressing myctagged GLUT4 using the cell-ELISA test.GC/MS phytochemical analysis of MTP and HTP extracts revealed 10 compounds in each extract, and only palmitic acid was communal in these two extracts.WTP, MTP, and HTP extracts were safe up to 63, 63, and 250 g/ml, respectively.The HTP extract was the most efficient in GLUT4 translocation enhancement, while the least efficient was the WTP extract.In addition, the HTP extract increased the GLUT4 translocation at 32 g/ml by 2-and 3-fold relative to the control in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively.A similar result was obtained with the MTP extract at 63 g/ml.In contrast, WTP extract in the presence of insulin had no effect and in the absence of insulin had slightly enhanced GLUT4 translocation.These findings indicate that TP antidiabetic activity is mediated in part by enhancing GLUT4 translocation to the PM in skeletal muscle.
A Hybrid VLC/RF Cell-Free Massive MIMO System (2022)

Achieving high data rate is always a goal that could be met by developing new technologies and investigating potential ones. Recently, the concept of cell-free massive MIMO systems (CF-mMIMO) has been considered to enhance the performance of systems that operate merely with Radio Frequency (RF) or visible light communication (VLC) technologies. In this paper, a hybrid VLC/RF cell-free massive MIMO system is proposed where an RF cell-free network is used to support a VLC cell-free network. The idea is to utilize the benefits of each network and balance the load aiming at maximizing the system’s sum-rate. The system is evaluated using zero-forcing (ZF) precoding scheme. A user association algorithm is proposed to assign users to either VLC or RF networks. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms a random network association of users. Results also show great potential for the proposed system compared to standalone cell-free networks.
Identification of Dominant Negative Mutants of Rheb GTPase and Their Use to Implicate the Involvement of Human Rheb in the Activation of p70S6K (2003)

Rheb GTPases represent a unique family of the Ras superfamily of G-proteins. Studies on Rheb in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila have shown that this small GTPase is essential and is involved in cell growth and cell cycle progression. The Drosophila studies also raised the possibility that Rheb is involved in the TOR/S6K signaling pathway. In this paper, we first report identification of dominant negative mutants of S. pombe Rheb (SpRheb). Screens of a randomly mutagenized SpRheb library yielded a mutant, SpRhebD60V, whose expression in S. pombe results in growth inhibition, G1 arrest, and induction of fnx1+, a gene whose expression is induced by the disruption of Rheb. Alteration of the Asp-60 residue to all possible amino acids by site-directed mutagenesis led to the identification of two particularly strong dominant negative mutants, D60I and D60K. Characterization of these dominant negative mutant proteins revealed that D60V and D60I exhibit preferential binding of GDP, while D60K lost the ability to bind both GTP and GDP. A possible use of the dominant negative mutants in the study of mammalian Rheb was explored by introducing dominant negative mutations into human Rheb. We show that transient expression of the wild type Rheb1 or Rheb2 causes activation of p70S6K, while expression of Rheb1D60K mutant results in inhibition of basal level activity of p70S6K. In addition, Rheb1D60K and Rheb1D60V mutants blocked nutrient- or serum-induced activation of p70S6K. This provides critical evidence that Rheb plays a role in the mTOR/S6K pathway in mammalian cells.
The decomposition of H 2 O 2 over the components of Au/TiO 2 catalysts (2011)

Hydrogen peroxide is an important oxidant that is increasingly being employed in selective oxidation reactions over support metal catalysts. We present a density functional theory study of the adsorption of H 2 O 2 to the components of a model Au/TiO 2 system based on Au 10 nanoclusters and the rutile TiO 2 (110) surface. We find that H 2 O 2 decomposes easily to 2OH on the metal nanoparticles while the interaction with surface hydroxyls on TiO 2 (110) gives a low barrier to a surface OOH species. This work suggests that the production of H 2 O 2 takes place at the interface between the particle and oxide and we further show how this interface region is influenced by the hydroxylation of the surface.
Optimized Large Hyperuniform Binary Colloidal Suspensions in Two Dimensions (2020)

The creation of disordered hyperuniform materials with extraordinary optical properties (e.g., large complete photonic band gaps) requires a capacity to synthesize large samples that are effectively hyperuniform down to the nanoscale. Motivated by this challenge, we propose a feasible equilibrium fabrication protocol using binary paramagnetic colloidal particles confined in a 2D plane. The strong and long-ranged dipolar interaction induced by a tunable magnetic field is free from screening effects that attenuate long-ranged electrostatic interactions in charged colloidal systems. Specifically, we numerically find a family of optimal size ratios that makes the two-phase system effectively hyperuniform. We show that hyperuniformity is a general consequence of low isothermal compressibilities, which makes our protocol suitable to treat more general systems with other long-ranged interactions, dimensionalities, and/or polydispersity. Our methodology paves the way to synthesize large photonic hyperuniform materials that function in the visible to infrared range and hence may accelerate the discovery of novel photonic materials.
Albany port - master plan western Australia - Australia (2002)

Albany Port is located on the southern coast of Western Australia and is one of seven major ports in the state. The port is located within the natural bay of Princess Royal Harbour, which is connected to King George Sound by a short and narrow channel. Princess Royal Harbour is considered one of the best natural harbours in Australia and indeed the world. Traditionally Albany Port has primarily been a single commodity port exporting mainly grain. Recent commitments from various developers has introduced another major export product, namely woodchips. Due to this additional major export and the growth in other minor commodities within the port, a Master Plan for the port development was commissioned in 2001 to ensure future port expansions are sustainable.
CGRP receptors mediating CGRP‐, adrenomedullin‐ and amylin‐induced relaxation in porcine coronary arteries. Characterization with ‘Compound 1’ (WO98/11128), a non‐peptide antagonist (2001)

1. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin and adrenomedullin (AM) belong to the same family of peptides. Accumulating evidence indicate that the calcitonin (CT) receptor, the CT receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) form the basis of all the receptors in this family of peptides. 2. Using reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction the presence of mRNA sequences encoding the CRLR, RAMP1 and RAMP2 were demonstrated in porcine left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries, whereas porcine calcitonin (CT) receptor mRNA was not present. The partial porcine mRNA sequences shared 82 - 92% nucleotide identity with human sequences. 3. The human peptides alphaCGRP, betaCGRP, AM and amylin induced relaxation with pEC(50) values of 8.1, 8.1, 6.7 and 6.1 M respectively. 4. The antagonistic properties of a novel non-peptide CGRP antagonist 'Compound 1' (WO98/11128), betaCGRP(8 - 37) and the proposed AM receptor antagonist AM(22 - 52) were compared to the well-known CGRP(1) receptor antagonist alphaCGRP(8 - 37). 5. The alphaCGRP(8 - 37) and betaCGRP(8 - 37) induced concentration-dependent (10(-7) - 10(-5) M) rightward shift of both the alphaCGRP and betaCGRP concentration-response curves. betaCGRP(8 - 37) (10(-6) M) had the same effect as alphaCGRP(8 - 37) (10(-6) M), but with less potent rightward shift of the concentration-response curves for alphaCGRP, AM and amylin. 6. Preincubation with 'Compound 1' (10(-7) - 10(-5) M) and AM(22 - 52) (10(-6) M) had no significant antagonistic effect. 7. In conclusion, the building blocks forming CGRP and AM receptors were present in the porcine LAD, whereas those of the amylin receptor were not. alphaCGRP, betaCGRP, AM and amylin mediated vasorelaxation via the CGRP receptors. No functional response was detected to adrenomedullin via the adrenomedullin receptor.
Numerical Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer Past a Turbine Blade With a Squealer-Tip (2002)

Numerical calculations are performed to simulate the tip leakage flow and heat transfer on the squealer (recessed) tip of GE-E3 turbine rotor blade. A squealer tip with a 3.77% recess of the blade span is considered in this study, and the results are compared with the predictions for a flat-tip blade. The calculations have been performed for an isothermal blade with an overall pressure ratio of 1.32, an inlet turbulence intensity of 6.1%, and for three different tip gap clearances of 1%, 1.5% and 2.5% of the blade span. These conditions correspond to the experiments reported by Azad et al. [1]. The calculations have been performed for three different turbulence models (the standard high Re k-ε model, the RNG k-ε and the Reynolds Stress Model) in order to assess the capability of the models in correctly predicting the blade heat transfer. The predictions show good agreement with the experimental data, with the Reynolds stress model calculations clearly providing the best results. Substantial reductions in the tip heat transfer and leakage flow is obtained with the squealer tip configuration. With the squealer tip, the heat transfer coefficients on the shroud and on the suction surface of the blade are also considerably reduced.
Comparison of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and carbon-11-methionine in head and neck cancer. (1993)

The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is the most widely used tracer in oncology. PET tracer. Another radiotracer, L-methyl-11C-Methionine (11C-methionine), also has been used successfully for PET imaging of brain and lung tumors, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer. This study compared FDG and 11C-methionine as tumor-detecting agents in head and neck cancer. Prior to cancer therapy, fourteen patients underwent a PET study with FDG and one with 11C-methionine. Nineteen of 21 malignant lesions that could be evaluated were visible with both tracers. Tracer uptake was measured as standardized uptake values (SUV) and Ki values according to Patlak et al. The mean SUV in FDG studies was 7.7 +/- 4.2 and in 11C-methionine studies 7.7 +/- 2.5, whereas the Ki values in 11C-methionine studies (mean, 0.128 +/- 0.068 min-1) were always higher than in FDG studies (mean, 0.036 +/- 0.023 min-1). A good correlation was found between the SUVs (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) and the Ki values (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) between the two tracers. Both FDG and 11C-methionine are effective in PET imaging of head and neck cancer, and the uptake rates of the tracers seem to be closely related.
Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam (2003)

Direct writing with a 244 nm doubled frequency Ar-ion laser has been applied to a tellurite bulk glass to increase locally the refractive index. Channel waveguides have been fabricated and have been characterised using the near field pattern (NFP) method for refractive index profile measurement. Tellurite waveguides represent a useful device to realise passive and active devices, based on their excellent qualities as non-linear and hosting materials.
Stanley Maynard Aronson, MD 1922–2015 (2015)

He trained in neuropathology under Abner Wolf at Columbia and then did bench research on polio