gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NATURAL FIBRE-REINFORCED, INJECTION MOULDED POLYMERS FOR LIGHT WEIGHT CONSTRUCTIONS – SIMULATION OF SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (2015)

Besides low fuel consumption and vehicle safety, more and more clients focus on sustainability issues buying a new car. Here not only the energy consumption during the production but also during the usage of the product has to be considered. To fulfil all these requirements natural fibre-reinforced polymers are a very good solution, combining light weight construction with renewable resources. To guarantee the crash-safety numerical simulations are essential in the product development process. Until now only functions to simulate glass fibre- or carbon fibre-reinforced polymers exist in the common software programs, but not for natural fibres. To close this gap the project NFC-Simulation was established. One of the main parts of this project was the characterization of natural fibres (like hemp, flax, sisal and regenerated cellulose fibres), including mechanical & morphological analyses and fibre orientation measurements. Crash-relevant components, glove boxes, were injection moulded with 30 mass% sisal fibre-reinforced polypropylene and experimental crash-tests were performed. The experimental results fit very well with the results from the process and crash-simulation.
Split-KalmanNet: A Robust Model-Based Deep Learning Approach for SLAM (2022)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a method that constructs a map of an unknown environment and localizes the position of a moving agent on the map simultaneously. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been widely adopted as a low complexity solution for online SLAM, which relies on a motion and measurement model of the moving agent. In practice, however, acquiring precise information about these models is very challenging, and the model mismatch effect causes severe performance loss in SLAM. In this paper, inspired by the recently proposed KalmanNet, we present a robust EKF algorithm using the power of deep learning for online SLAM, referred to as Split-KalmanNet. The key idea of Split-KalmanNet is to compute the Kalman gain using the Jacobian matrix of a measurement function and two recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The two RNNs independently learn the covariance matrices for a prior state estimate and the innovation from data. The proposed split structure in the computation of the Kalman gain allows to compensate for state and measurement model mismatch effects independently. Numerical simulation results verify that Split-KalmanNet outperforms the traditional EKF and the state-of-the-art KalmanNet algorithm in various model mismatch scenarios.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A systematic review of RIFLE criteria in children, and its application and association with measures of mortality and morbidity. (2012)

The RIFLE criteria were developed to improve consistency in the assessment of acute kidney injury. The high face validity, collaborative development method, and validation against mortality have supported the widespread adoption of the RIFLE to evaluate adult patients; however, its inconsistent application in adult studies is associated with significant effects on the estimated incidence of acute kidney injury. As the RIFLE criteria are now being used to determine acute kidney injury in children, we conducted a systematic review to describe its application and assess associations between the RIFLE and measures of mortality and morbidity in pediatric patients. In 12 studies we found wide variation in the application of the RIFLE, including the range of assessed RIFLE categories, omission of urine output criteria, varying definitions of baseline renal function, and methods for handling missing baseline measurements. Limited and conflicting associations between the RIFLE and mortality, length of stay, illness severity, and measures of kidney function were found. Thus, although the RIFLE was developed to improve the consistency of defining acute kidney injury, there are still major discrepancies in its use in pediatric patients that may undermine its potential utility as a standardized measure of acute kidney injury in children. PMID: 22258324 Funding information This work was supported by: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada
Power Spectrum and Cross Power Spectral Density Based EEG Correlates of Intensive Care Delirium (2019)

Full montage EEG recordings of 15 ICU patients (altogether 23 recordings) were analysed to find EEG correlates of delirium. CAM-ICU assessment results were used as the reference. Time period from 7 to 30 minutes at the beginning of the recordings was analysed in 10 sec segments with 5 sec overlap. Relative power in the conventional frequency bands of the EEG signal at 20 electrode locations with common reference was calculated. In the state of delirium the relative power of frequencies above 8 Hz was lower; this effect was predominantly observed at central and parietal lobes. Also, the absolute cross power spectral density of 20 - 30 Hz was significantly lower in delirium between almost any two electrode locations.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Monodisperse Colloidal Magnesium Oxide Nanocrystals (2009)

MgO wird diskret: Monodisperse MgO-Nanokristalle können durch direkte Kolloidalsynthese hergestellt werden (siehe Bild). Der Durchmesser lässt sich durch Zusatz kleiner Wassermengen zum organischen Reaktionsmedium zwischen 2 und 8 nm einstellen. Obwohl Trioctylphosphanoxid bei der Reaktion anwesend ist, sind die gebildeten Nanokristalle in erster Linie mit Benzylether überzogen. Es wird eine blaue Lumineszenz mit annähernd 20 % Quantenausbeute beobachtet.
Deep Learning, Dynamic Sampling and Smart Energy-dispersive Spectroscopy (2017)

A convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier is trained using simulated energy-dispersive spectroscopy data. The CNN incorporated within a dynamic sampling method is to reduce radiation exposure and data acquisition time for elemental mapping.
Optical detection of target molecule induced aggregation of nanoparticles by means of high-Q resonators (2011)

We theoretically investigate a novel scheme to detect target molecule induced, or suppressed, aggregation of nanoparticles. High-Q optical resonators are used to both optically trap gold nanoparticle clusters and to detect their presence via a shift in the resonance wavelength. The well depth of the optical trap is chosen to be relatively low compared to the thermal energy of the nanoparticles, so that trapping of single nanoparticles is marginal and results in a comparatively small wavelength shift. Aggregation of functionalized gold nanoparticles is mediated or suppressed via binding to a target molecule. The well depth for the resulting nanoparticle clusters scales much more favorably relative to Brownian motion, resulting in large nanoparticle concentration enhancements in the evanescent field region of the resonator. We predict a target molecule sensitivity in the tens of fM range. In order to predict the resonator response, a complete theory of time resolved nanoparticle cluster trapping dynamics is derived. In particular, the formalism of Kramers' escape time is adapted to 2D (silicon wire) and 3D (ring resonator) optical traps.
Spectral domain phase microscopy: a new tool for measuring cellular dynamics and cytoplasmic flow (2005)

Broadband interferometry is an attractive technique for the detection of cellular motions because it provides depth-resolved interferometric phase information via coherence gating. Here a phase sensitive technique called spectral domain phase microscopy (SDPM) is presented. SDPM is a functional extension of spectral domain optical coherence tomography that allows for the detection of cellular motions and dynamics with nanometer-scale sensitivity. This sensitivity is made possible by the inherent phase stability of spectral domain OCT combined with common-path interferometry. The theory that underlies this technique is presented, the sensitivity of the technique is demonstrated by the measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient of borosilicate glass, and the response of an Amoeba proteus to puncture of its cell membrane is measured. We also exploit the phase stability of SDPM to perform Doppler flow imaging of cytoplasmic streaming in A. proteus. We show reversal of cytoplasmic flow in response to stimuli, and we show that the cytoplasmic flow is laminar (i.e. parabolic) in nature. We are currently investigating the use of SDPM in a variety of different cell types.
Imaging the Hydrogen Absorption Dynamics of Individual Grains in Polycrystalline Palladium Thin Films in 3D (2017)

Defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries often control the properties of polycrystalline materials. In nanocrystalline materials, investigating this structure-function relationship while preserving the sample remains challenging because of the short length scales and buried interfaces involved. Here we use Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to investigate the role of structural inhomogeneity on the hydriding phase transformation dynamics of individual Pd grains in polycrystalline films in three-dimensional detail. In contrast to previous reports on single- and polycrystalline nanoparticles, we observe no evidence of a hydrogen-rich surface layer and consequently no size dependence in the hydriding phase transformation pressure over a 125-325 nm size range. We do observe interesting grain boundary dynamics, including reversible rotations of grain lattices while the material remains in the hydrogen-poor phase. The mobility of the grain boundaries, combined with the lack of a hydrogen-rich surface layer, suggests that the grain boundaries are acting as fast diffusion sites for the hydrogen atoms. Such hydrogen-enhanced plasticity in the hydrogen-poor phase provides insight into the switch from the size-dependent behavior of single-crystal nanoparticles to the lower transformation pressures of polycrystalline materials and may play a role in hydrogen embrittlement.
Intelligent electromechanical drive systems for motor cars (2002)

The automotive industry will produce and will offer electric motor vehicles (EV) in the future increasingly. This is necessary because of mineral oil energy resources coming to end. Furthermore, this is initiated by the "clean-air-act" in California. This essay analyzes the market chances of the electric vehicle with the aid of a survey via vehicle drives (conventionally, in hybrid form and electrically). A qualitative comparison of electric vehicle designs among each another and to vehicles with combustion engines (ICE) is made. An optimization of the mechatronical drive system considering the life-cycle costs (energy consumption) and the drive characteristics as well as customer expectations is made. For the electrical motor in the overall electric motor vehicle system, a specific optimization regulation is given.
Enhanced Radiative Emission of MQW by Resonant Modes of Hyperbolic Metamaterial Resonator (2019)

We report the use of resonant modes of a hyperbolic metamaterial cube made of multiple metal/dielectric layer structure to enhance the radiative emission of multiple quantum wells. The mode analysis and photoluminescence will be discussed. © 2019 The Author(s)
Evolution of Concepts and Technologies in Ophthalmic Laser Therapy (2016)

Ophthalmology was the first medical specialty to adopt lasers right after their invention more than 50 years ago, and they gradually revolutionized ocular imaging, diagnostics, therapy, and surgery. Challenging precision, safety, and selectivity requirements for ocular therapeutic and surgical procedures keep advancing the laser technologies, which in turn continue enabling novel applications for the preservation and restoration of sight. Modern lasers can provide single-cell-layer selectivity in therapy, submicrometer precision in three-dimensional image-guided surgery, and nondamaging retinal therapy under optoacoustic temperature control. This article reviews the evolution of laser technologies; progress in understanding of the laser-tissue interactions; and concepts, misconceptions, and accidental discoveries that led to modern therapeutic and surgical applications of lasers in ophthalmology. It begins with a brief historical overview, followed by a description of the laser-tissue interactions and corresponding ophthalmic applications.
Mechanism of Modification of Fluorocarbon Polymer by Ultraviolet Irradiation in Oxygen Atmosphere (2013)

A fluorocarbon polymer generated by plasma polymerization of CF4/CH2F2 used as a model polymer for sidewall residues was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (λ = 254 nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the as-deposited fluorocarbon polymer mainly contains CF, CF2, and a small concentration of unsaturated, fluorinated C=C bonds, and carbonyl functionalities. A partial removal of the polymer occurred during UV irradiation in oxygen. Experimental results showed that UV irradiation resulted in a slight decrease in fluorine content concomitant with the formation of carbonyl groups. The presence of reactive species such as oxygen during UV treatment (by production of singlet oxygen and radicals) was necessary to allow bond cleavage and an increase of hydrophilicity of the polymer fragments thus making the removal of the polymer possible in a subsequent wet clean. In terms of polymer bonding structure, the presence of C=C bonds and oxygen in the polymer backbone, in particular of C-O bonds, was crucial for light absorption at the wavelength used and played a key role in the bond scissioning process. Quantum chemical calculation was also performed to support the experimental results.
Synergy between nanomaterials and volatile organic compounds for non-invasive medical evaluation (2018)

This article is an overview of the present and ongoing developments in the field of nanomaterial-based sensors for enabling fast, relatively inexpensive and minimally (or non-) invasive diagnostics of health conditions with follow-up by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) excreted from one or combination of human body fluids and tissues (e.g., blood, urine, breath, skin). Part of the review provides a didactic examination of the concepts and approaches related to emerging sensing materials and transduction techniques linked with the VOC-based non-invasive medical evaluations. We also present and discuss diverse characteristics of these innovative sensors, such as their mode of operation, sensitivity, selectivity and response time, as well as the major approaches proposed for enhancing their ability as hybrid sensors to afford multidimensional sensing and information-based sensing. The other parts of the review give an updated compilation of the past and currently available VOC-based sensors for disease diagnostics. This compilation summarizes all VOCs identified in relation to sickness and sampling origin that links these data with advanced nanomaterial-based sensing technologies. Both strength and pitfalls are discussed and criticized, particularly from the perspective of the information and communication era. Further ideas regarding improvement of sensors, sensor arrays, sensing devices and the proposed workflow are also included.
Core–Shell Electrospun Fibers with an Improved Open Pore Structure for Size-Controlled Delivery of Nanoparticles (2020)

Electrospun fiber meshes with controlled drug delivery properties have great potential for applications such as wound dressings, tissue engineering, and cancer treatment. However, controlling the drug release, especially from core–shell fibers, remains the main challenge. In this study, core–shell fibers were developed with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, as an antibacterial agent) loaded inside the core. The fiber shell was composed of polycaprolactone (PCL, shell matrix), polyethylene glycol (PEG, porogen), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). ZnO NPs were used in this study to improve the structure of pores in the shell (which serve as a diffusion pathway for Ag NPs) and thus to control the release rate. ZnO NPs associated with PCL, resulting in the formation of the PEG phase deeper in the fiber shell during the electrospinning process. Moreover, the diffusion/release rate of Ag NPs from electrospun fibers was fine-tuned with variation in particle size. Fibers were loaded with three size compositions of 20, 110 nm, or a mix of the two Ag NPs inside the fiber core. Release studies showed fast, slow, and intermediate delivery rates obtained with the defined Ag NPs. Fine-tuned release of Ag NPs confirmed the formation of open pores within a stable shell structure because controlling the release rate was only possible through this well-defined release pathway. Furthermore, tensile strength analysis revealed excellent mechanical stability of the fibers after pore formation.
On-Line Allocation Of Robot Resources To Task Plans (1989)

In this paper, I present an approach to representing plans that make on-line decisions about resource allocation. An on-line decision is the evaluation of a conditional expression involving sensory information as the plan is being executed. I use a plan representation called 7ZS10&apos;1 1,12that has been especially designed for the domain of robot programming, and in particular, for the problem of on-line decisions. The resource allocation example is based on the robot assembly cell architecture outlined by Venkataraman and Lyons16. I begin by setting forth a definition of on-line decision making and some arguments as to why this form of decision making is important and useful. To set the context for the resource allocation example, I take some care in categorizing the types of on-line decision making and the approaches adopted by other workers so far. In particular, I justify a plan-based approach to the study of on-line decision making. From that, the focus shifts to one type of decision making: on-line allocation of robot resources to task plans. Robot resources are the physical manipulators (grippers, wrists, arms, feeders, etc) that are available to carry out the task. I formulate the assembly cell architecture of Venkataraman and Lyons16 as an R.S plan schema, and show how the on-line allocation specified in that architecture can be implemented. Finally, I show how considering the on-line allocation of logical resources, that is a physical resource plus some model information, can be used as a non-traditional approach to some problems in robot task planning.
Evaluation of Handover Performance for TCP Traffic Based on Generic Link Layer Context Transfer (2006)

In this paper we present three context transfer mechanisms to support seamless (inter-system) handover: L2 tunnel, SDU reconstruction and SDU context transfer. The hand-over schemes are evaluated for services based on TCP SACK. The influence of different system parameters like the link layer round trip time and block error rate are investigated. It is shown that there can be large differences in handover performance caused by packet loss or packet duplication, which interact with TCP congestion control. L2 tunnel always performs best but has the highest complexity. It is followed by SDU reconstruction and then SDU context transfer respectively. All schemes are always better in performance than when no context transfer is used
Modulating the Morphology and Electrical Properties of GaAs Nanowires via Catalyst Stabilization by Oxygen (2015)

Nowadays, III-V compound semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have attracted extensive research interest because of their high carrier mobility favorable for next-generation electronics. However, it is still a great challenge for the large-scale synthesis of III-V NWs with well-controlled and uniform morphology as well as reliable electrical properties, especially on the low-cost noncrystalline substrates for practical utilization. In this study, high-density GaAs NWs with lengths >10 μm and uniform diameter distribution (relative standard deviation σ ∼ 20%) have been successfully prepared by annealing the Au catalyst films (4-12 nm) in air right before GaAs NW growth, which is in distinct contrast to the ones of 2-3 μm length and widely distributed of σ ∼ 20-60% of the conventional NWs grown by the H2-annealed film. This air-annealing process is found to stabilize the Au nanoparticle seeds and to minimize Ostwald ripening during NW growth. Importantly, the obtained GaAs NWs exhibit uniform p-type conductivity when fabricated into NW-arrayed thin-film field-effect transistors (FETs). Moreover, they can be integrated with an n-type InP NW FET into effective complementary metal oxide semiconductor inverters, capable of working at low voltages of 0.5-1.5 V. All of these results explicitly demonstrate the promise of these NW morphology and electrical property controls through the catalyst engineering for next-generation electronics.
Stand-alone Anterior Lumbar Interbody, Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody, and Anterior/Posterior Fusion: Analysis of Fusion Outcomes and Costs (2018)

Fusion outcomes and costs of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in association with posterior fusion, and anterior/posterior (A/P) fusion were compared using clinical, radiographic, and billing data. Adult patients with symptomatic 1- or 2-level degenerative disk disease in isolation or in association with a grade 1 or 2 degenerative or lytic spondylolisthesis and canal and/or foraminal stenosis who underwent elective stand-alone ALIF, TLIF, or A/P fusion were compared. The analysis focused primarily on fusion rates and costs and secondarily on radiographic and clinical parameters. One hundred six patients at least 2 years beyond surgery (ALIF, 53; TLIF, 17; A/P fusion, 36) were reviewed. Demographics were similar except for age, with the ALIF group being younger (mean, 37.8 years) than the other groups (TLIF, 53.1 years; A/P fusion, 48.2 years). There were no differences between the groups in fusion rates or outcomes as assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale. Compared with the other 2 groups, the ALIF group had a significantly shorter operative time, less blood loss, and a shorter stay (P<.0001). Evaluation of radiographic parameters revealed significant differences regarding disk angle (P<.001), disk height (P<.0001), and pelvic tilt (P=.001) favoring ALIF and A/P fusion over TLIF. Stand-alone ALIF should be considered in the management of patients with 1- or 2-level lumbar degenerative disk disease for which the pathology can be addressed adequately via this approach. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(5):e655-e662.].
Impact of deep oropharyngeal suctioning on microaspiration, ventilator events, and clinical outcomes: A randomized clinical trial (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02284178.
Towards Global-Scale Crowd+AI Techniques to Map and Assess Sidewalks for People with Disabilities (2022)

There is a lack of data on the location, condition, and accessibility of sidewalks across the world, which not only impacts where and how people travel but also fundamentally limits interactive mapping tools and urban analytics. In this paper, we describe initial work in semi-automatically building a sidewalk network topology from satellite imagery using hierarchical multi-scale attention models, inferring surface materials from street-level images using active learning-based semantic segmentation, and assessing sidewalk condition and accessibility features using Crowd+AI. We close with a call to create a database of labeled satellite and streetscape scenes for sidewalks and sidewalk accessibility issues along with standardized benchmarks.