gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Binding Affinity of an HIV-1 V2 Apex-Specific Antibody for the SIV smm/mac Envelope Glycoprotein Uncouple Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity from Neutralization (2019)

As a consequence of their independent evolutionary origins in apes and Old World monkeys, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency viruses of the SIV<sub>smm/mac</sub> lineage express phylogenetically and antigenically distinct envelope glycoproteins. Thus, HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies do not typically cross-react with the Env proteins of SIV<sub>smm/mac</sub> isolates. Here we show that PGT145, a broadly neutralizing antibody to a quaternary epitope at the V2 apex of HIV-1 Env, directs the lysis of SIV<sub>smm/mac</sub>-infected cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) but does not neutralize SIV<sub>smm/mac</sub> infectivity. Amino acid substitutions in the V2 loop of SIV<sub>mac</sub>239 corresponding to the epitope for PGT145 in HIV-1 Env modulate sensitivity to this antibody. Whereas a substitution in a conserved N-linked glycosylation site (N171Q) eliminates sensitivity to ADCC, a lysine-to-serine substitution in this region (K180S) increases ADCC and renders the virus susceptible to neutralization. These differences in function correlate with an increase in the affinity of PGT145 binding to Env on the surface of virus-infected cells and to soluble Env trimers. To our knowledge, this represents the first instance of an HIV-1 Env-specific antibody that cross-reacts with SIV<sub>smm/mac</sub> Env and illustrates how differences in antibody binding affinity for Env can differentiate sensitivity to ADCC from neutralization.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Here we show that PGT145, a potent broadly neutralizing antibody to HIV-1, directs the lysis of SIV-infected cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity but does not neutralize SIV infectivity. This represents the first instance of cross-reactivity of an HIV-1 Env-specific antibody with SIV<sub>smm/mac</sub> Env and reveals that antibody binding affinity can differentiate sensitivity to ADCC from neutralization.
Enzymatic Synthesis in Vitro of the Disulfated Disaccharide Unit of Corneal Keratan Sulfate (2002)

Among the enzymes of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase family, human corneal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (hCGn6ST, also known as human GlcNAc6ST-5/GST4beta) and human intestinal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (hIGn6ST or human GlcNAc6ST-3/GST4alpha) are highly homologous. In the mouse, intestinal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (mIGn6ST or mouse GlcNAc6ST-3/GST4) is the only orthologue of hCGn6ST and hIGn6ST. In the previous study, we found that hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST, but not hIGn6ST, have sulfotransferase activity to produce keratan sulfate (Akama, T. O., Nakayama, J., Nishida, K., Hiraoka, N., Suzuki, M., McAuliffe, J., Hindsgaul, O., Fukuda, M., and Fukuda, M. N. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 16271-16278). In this study, we analyzed the substrate specificities of these sulfotransferases in vitro using synthetic carbohydrate substrates. We found that all three sulfotransferases can transfer sulfate to the nonreducing terminal GlcNAc of short carbohydrate substrates. Both hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST, but not hIGn6ST, transfer sulfate to longer carbohydrate substrates that have poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures, suggesting the involvement of hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST in production of keratan sulfate. To clarify further the involvement of hCGn6ST in biosynthesis of keratan sulfate, we reconstituted the biosynthetic pathway in vitro by sequential enzymatic treatment of a synthetic carbohydrate substrate. Using four enzymes, beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-I, beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-2, hCGn6ST, and keratan sulfate Gal 6-O-sulfotransferase, we were able to synthesize in vitro a product that conformed to the basic structural unit of keratan sulfate. Based on these results, we propose a biosynthetic pathway for N-linked keratan sulfate on corneal proteoglycans.
Effects of magnesium ion and oxytocin inhibitors on the uterotonic activity of oxytocin and prostaglandins E2 and F2ALPHA. (1974)

The uterotonic activity of oxytocin and prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) was studied in isolated rat uterine preparations. In single injections and at low dose levels, both oxytocin and prostaglandins (PGs) produced similar patterns of response. However, at higher dose ranges as applied in the cumulative dose-response procedure, the uterine contractions induced by PGs were irregular and accompanied by a greater hypertonus as compared to that induced by oxytocin. The maximal responses attained were about equal with both compounds. It was found that [1-L-penicilamine]oxytocin, a specific inhibitor of the uterotonic response to oxytocin, had no inhibitory effect on the activity of PGs. On the contrary, in a few instances but not invariably, the utenotonic activity of PGs was enhanced by [1-L-penicillamine]oxytocin. It. was further observed that when a dose of oxytocin and a dose of PGE2 were injected together, a synergistic response was produced. The effect of Mg++ on the activity of oxytocin and PGs was both quantitatively and qualitatively different. The potency of oxytocin was markedly enhanced by 0.5 and 1.0 mM Mg++ in the bathing medium. In 0.5 mM Mg++ both the potency of oxytocin and the maximal response increased. In 0.5 mM Mg++ the response to PGE2 was slightly reduced, but not statistically significantly, where 1.0 mM Mg++ markedly reduced the potency of PGE2 without affecting the maximal response. The response to PGF2α was not significantly affected by either 0.5 or 1.0 mM Mg++. These findings suggest that the receptor for oxytocin and the receptor for PGs are separate and distinct and that oxytocin and PGs may each activate a different receptor-response mechanism. The effects of Mg++ on the activity of a series of oxytocin inhibitors. [1-L-penicilamine]oxytocin, [2,4-dileucine]oxytocin, [2-phenylalanine, 4-leucine]oxytocin and [2-isoleucine, 4-leucine]oxytocin, were also studied. Previous work has shown that there appeared to be an inverse relationship between the Mg++ potentiating effect and the potency of oxytocin analogs, and it has been suggested that Mg++ increased the peptidereceptor affinity. This relationship was not found to extend to analogs with inhibitory activity. A strong inhibitor such as [1-L-penicillamine]oxytocin was found to suffer a loss of inhibitory activity in the presence of 1.0 mM Mg++. Weak inhibitors such as [2-phenylalanine, 4-leucine]oxytocin and [2-isoleucine, 4-leucine]oxytocin not only lost all their inhibitory activity but on the contrary became active agonists. These observations suggest that the potentiating effect of Mg++ on active neurohypophysial peptides cannot be satisfactorily explained on the basis of enhancing hormone-receptor affinity alone. Since Mg++ increases the potency as well as the maximal response to oxytocin, it is probable that Mg++ may in some manner also increase the reactivity on reduce the threshold of excitation-contraction coupling in the contractile system sensitive to the neumohypophysial peptides.
EOSC-Life Cloud implementation of exemplary workflows (2020)

The LS RIs rely on a large and diverse set of software tools and workflows that are segregated in different environments and generally not easily reusable across RIs or communities and in most cases not cloud-ready. The core purpose of WP2 is to make these tools findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable in the cloud so that users across the LS RIs as well as the broad scientific community can take full advantage of the European Open Science Cloud. In this context, this deliverable demonstrates the use of technologies identified in milestone M2.1 by applying them to use cases put forward by the RIs.
A 77-GHz SiGe frequency multiplier (&#x00D7;18) for radar transceivers (2010)

For 77-GHz automotive radar applications, a monolithic frequency multiplier with a multiplication factor of 18 is presented. The main circuit of the multiplier chain consists of two frequency tripler and one doubler. Additionally interstage amplifiers and filters are integrated in a 200-GHz SiGe:C production technology. The output power is -1dBm for a wide input power range (-20dBm - +8 dBm) at room temperature and 76.5 GHz output frequency. The output power flatness is better than 2 dB for an output frequency range of 69 GHz to 80 GHz. The power consumption of the multiplier is 170mW at a single supply voltage of 3.3V.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine in Adults with Epilepsy (1998)

These routinely collected data provided quantitative estimates of changes in CBZ Cl/F due to comedication and an age-related decrease in Cl/F The derived regression equations reasonably predicted concentrations in a separate validation set.
Isolation and Identification of 3-OH-and 5-OH-Anthranilamide-O-sulfate as Urinary Metabolites of Anthranilamide in Rat (1974)

Anthranilamide was found to be metabolized in the rat mainly into blue and violet fluorescent substances which were separated from the urine by column chromatography on Sephadex G-10 and alumina gel. The substances isolated were purified by recrystallization from methanol, and their chemical properties were examined. From the data of spectral and elementary analyses, the structures of the two substances were identified as potassium salts of 3-hydroxy-and 5-hydroxy-anthranilamide-O-sulfate. It was confirmed that intraperitoneal administration of 50mg of anthranilamide to the rat resulted in a daily urinary excretion of the two metabolites in about 50% of the administered anthranilamide.
Neural transplants in patients with Huntington's disease undergo disease-like neuronal degeneration (2009)

The clinical evaluation of neural transplantation as a potential treatment for Huntington's disease (HD) was initiated in an attempt to replace lost neurons and improve patient outcomes. Two of 3 patients with HD reported here, who underwent neural transplantation containing striatal anlagen in the striatum a decade earlier, have demonstrated marginal and transient clinical benefits. Their brains were evaluated immunohistochemically and with electron microscopy for markers of projection neurons and interneurons, inflammatory cells, abnormal huntingtin protein, and host-derived connectivity. Surviving grafts were identified bilaterally in 2 of the subjects and displayed classic striatal projection neurons and interneurons. Genetic markers of HD were not expressed within the graft. Here we report in patients with HD that (i) graft survival is attenuated long-term; (ii) grafts undergo disease-like neuronal degeneration with a preferential loss of projection neurons in comparison to interneurons; (iii) immunologically unrelated cells degenerate more rapidly than the patient's neurons, particularly the projection neuron subtype; (iv) graft survival is attenuated in the caudate in comparison to the putamen in HD; (v) glutamatergic cortical neurons project to transplanted striatal neurons; and (vi) microglial inflammatory changes in the grafts specifically target the neuronal components of the grafts. These results, when combined, raise uncertainty about this potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of HD. However, these observations provide new opportunities to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in HD, as well as to explore additional therapeutic paradigms.
The Effects of UV Emission from Compact Fluorescent Light Exposure on Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes In Vitro (2012)

Compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs can provide the same amount of lumens as incandescent light bulbs, using one quarter of the energy. Recently, CFL exposure was found to exacerbate existing skin conditions; however, the effects of CFL exposure on healthy skin tissue have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we studied the effects of exposure to CFL illumination on healthy human skin tissue cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Cells exposed to CFLs exhibited a decrease in the proliferation rate, a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, and a decrease in their ability to contract collagen. Measurements of UV emissions from these bulbs found significant levels of UVC and UVA (mercury [Hg] emission lines), which appeared to originate from cracks in the phosphor coatings, present in all bulbs studied. The response of the cells to the CFLs was consistent with damage from UV radiation, which was further enhanced when low dosages of TiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs), normally used for UV absorption, were added prior to exposure. No effect on cells, with or without TiO(2) NPs, was observed when they were exposed to incandescent light of the same intensity.
Algorithms for Transceivers (2014)

This chapter shows how to improve the performance of a given architecture by using a dedicated algorithm. The approach is either to compensate for the distortion experienced by the wanted signal when going through a non-ideal device (e.g. with a predistortion system on the transmit side), or to optimize the usage of the hardware available in the line-up under operating conditions (e.g. with an AGC scheme on the receive side). Such an approach is of interest from the perspective of implementing a line-up using a technology that allows for a high level of digital integration. The chapter examines some of the algorithms classically encountered in wireless transceivers. In keeping with the transceiver architecture point of view, it stays at a system level rather than discussing the design and implementation of the algorithms themselves.
Phosphorylation of histone H3 on Ser10 by auto-phosphorylated PAK1 is not essential for chromatin condensation and meiotic progression in porcine oocytes (2013)

Phosphorylation of PAK1Thr423 is a spontaneous activation process and the activated PAK1Thr423 can promote the phosphorylation of H3Ser10; however, this pathway is not required for meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes or early embryonic development.
The Deadly Impact of Extreme Drug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii* (2014)

Division of General Internal Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology; and, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH * See also p. 1081. Dr. Spellberg received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). His institution consulted for GlaxoSmithKlein, Adenium, Cardeas, Meiji, and aRigen. Dr. Bonomo received support for article research from the NIH.
A variable look-ahead controller for lateral guidance of four wheeled vehicles (1998)

A variable look-ahead controller for the lateral guidance of vehicles for automated highway systems is proposed. The control objective is to make the lateral error at a certain point ahead of the vehicle zero. The distance of this point from the vehicle is called the look-ahead distance. An input-output linearization controller to achieve this objective is proposed. It is shown that the yaw internal dynamics can be damped at all longitudinal velocities if the look-ahead distance is a certain quadratic function of the longitudinal velocity.
Effects of Dispersion and Aggregation of Silica in the Reinforcement of Poly(methyl acrylate) Elastomers (1997)

Composites were prepared from methyl acrylate monomer and silica particles to which 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate groups had been grafted. The silica particles were bonded onto poly(methyl acrylate) through participation of their methacrylate groups in the polymerization of the methyl acrylate to form an elastomeric matrix. If the polymerization was done promptly after the ingredients were mixed, the silica particles were randomly dispersed. On the other hand, if sufficient time was permitted, the particles spontaneously formed regular arrays within the monomer which, on polymerization, yields the elastomer. Finally, if the particle dispersion was first dried and then blended into the monomer prior to polymerization, an aggregated arrangement was obtained. Although the elastomers having regularly ordered silica dispersions exhibited novel optical properties, they showed little difference in mechanical properties relative to those with randomly dispered silica. The elastomers having aggregated silica, however, had significantly improved mechanical properties, relative to the other two types. This is consistent with frequent observations in the rubber industry that halting compounding short of complete filler dispersion can give the best balance of mechanical properties.
Arabic Scene Text Recognition in the Deep Learning Era: Analysis on a Novel Dataset (2021)

The problem of scene text recognition has recently gained extra attention, being an essential part of scene understanding systems. The broad scope of applications and the unresolved challenges has given this problem its popularity. However, the research focus has long been on languages with Latin characters while leaving behind other languages with different characteristics, such as the Arabic language. In this paper, we focus on Arabic scene text recognition and attempt to fill two main gaps regarding this research task. First, the Arabic language is lacking a publicly available benchmark dataset to compare different proposed methods on the same grounds. Therefore, we introduce a novel Arabic/English dataset: Everyday Arabic-English Scene Text dataset (EvArEST), to fill that need. Second, while deep learning methods have continuously evolved and pushed the state of the art in languages with Latin characters, their use for the Arabic language has been very limited. Therefore, we use our new dataset to evaluate the problem of Arabic scene text recognition from three perspectives: (1) using deep learning techniques and studying their suitability for Arabic scene text recognition, where we identify essential components required for the model to obtain good performance; (2) identifying Arabic text challenges that differ from Latin text and require special attention; (3) investigating a bilingual model that concurrently deals with Arabic and English words, since Arabic text is usually found along with other languages. We determine the best model to handle bidirectional text, its challenges, and possible ways to overcome them. We offer both Arabic and Bilingual text recognition results using EvArEST dataset for upcoming research to build upon and improve. We also point to directions for future research based on the analysis performed on the dataset. The dataset is publicly available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/HGamal11/EvArEST-dataset</uri> .
Computers' impact on productivity and work life (1988)

Rapid spread of computer and telecommunication technologies throughout white-collar work has forced researchers to consider their impacts on the people who use them. The present study uses a multi-method, lagged, time-series design to examine the impact of a computerized record system on the work life of customer service representatives in a large utility company. Results show that the computer technology had mixed effects in terms of both productivity and quality of working life, and that these effects varied depending on local organizational culture, management quality, type of worker and their detailed work tasks. Furthermore, during the year in which the computer system was being introduced, the computer system itself, its methods of use, and the managerial goals that spawned it all evolved in response to workers and other factors. These results are used to illustrate the conceptual and methodological complexities involved in establishing the causal impact of computer technology, and to suggest alternate methods for thinking about and measuring technological impact .
Revealing Possible Coherence Limiting Sources in Superconducting Qubit with Advanced Electron Microscopy (2023)

Superconducting materials hold great potential for solid-state quantum computing. Their fabrication relies on established semiconductor fabrication techniques, such as thin film deposition and lithography, but the complex processing steps can result in defects at the qubits' interfaces and surfaces that can negatively impact coherence time. To improve superconducting qubit performance, it is essential to understand the structural features, at the atomic scale, that may act as sources of decoherence limiting factor in both the Josephson junction (JJ) and resonators, which are key components of superconducting qubit. This talk will present our recent studies on the microstructures in a 2D-transmon, with an emphasis on the JJ. For this research, a combination of advanced microscopy techniques, including high-resolution (S)TEM imaging, and spectroscopy (EDS and EELS) are used to identify possible coherence-limiting defects or structural features.
MASSIVELY PARALLEL, HIGH FORCE INTERROGATION OF SINGLE CELL MECHANICS VIA LOCALIZED MAGNETIC NANOAPRTICLES (2010)

A novel technique of generating highly coordinated, massively parallel forces on single cells has been developed, and its viability in effecting cellular response investigated. To this end, a microfabrication process was developed to enable the precision alignment of electroplated ferromagnetic elements with cells uniformly shaped by patterned fibronectin. Magnetic field gradients generated by magnetizing the elements in close proximity to the cells allows the remote generation of large forces on single cells via localization of cell-internalized fluorescent nanoparticles. We have discovered that the application of force generates consistent whole-cell and localized effects on actin distribution, causing asymmetry in polymerized actin across the cell, and the capacity to degrade or enhance local actin, depending on applied force.
Current sensing in IGBTs for short-circuit protection (2002)

Short circuit protection can be provided for IGBTs by using a current-sensing scheme. The performance and accuracy of integrated current sensors on IGBTs can be affected by the layout of the sense device. Data is presented on current-sense IGBTs and an improved layout is proposed to increase the accuracy of the sensor.