gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthosteric- and allosteric-induced ligand-directed trafficking at GPCRs. (2010)

Many orthosteric agonists differentially activate downstream effectors of GPCRs. Such defined induction of signaling has strongly supported the hypothesis termed 'ligand-directed trafficking of receptor signaling' (LDTRS). More recently, subtype-selective GPCR activators, such as allosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators, have also exhibited the capacity to activate specific signaling pathways. Based on this finding, it may be possible to achieve ligand-specific receptor active states that optimize the biological responses specific to GPCRs. This review discusses recent studies in which both orthosteric and allosteric compounds have been demonstrated to induce LDTRS.
Atomic force microscopy nanotribology study of oligothiophene self-assembled films (2005)

The oligothiophene derivative 4-(-tetradecyl-[] pentathiophen-5-yl)-butyric acid (C14-5TBA) was synthesized and the structural and mechanical properties of self-assembled monolayers on mica have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The films were prepared by drop casting a dilute THF solution (1 mM) of the oligothiophene on mica. Islands containing primarily monolayers with a very small percentage of multilayers were formed. The molecules adsorb through the carboxylic group, and expose the alkyl chain (CH2)13CH3. High resolution AFM scans reveal a well ordered structure of molecules with unit cell dimensions of 0.65 and 0.46 nm. Applying load to the tip, the molecular film was gradually compressed from an initial height of 4.1 nm to a final one of 2.6 nm, corresponding to a tilt of the alkyl chains. In regions covered with bilayers the molecules in the second layer were oriented opposite to those in the first layer, thus exposing the carboxylic end group to the air. This second layer was easily removed as the tip pressure increased.
A foreground/background separation algorithm for image compression (2004)

Many bitmap documents are composed by the superposition of layers with pictures and text. These documents do not compress well using image compression algorithms such as JPEG-2000, because text introduces sharp edges on top of the smooth surfaces typically found in natural images. Similarly, compression algorithms for text facsimiles, such as JBIG2, are not suited for color or gray level images. In this paper the SLIm system for separating text and line drawing from background images, in order to compress both more effectively is proposed. This approach differ from previous ones such as DjVu, Tiff-FX, and MRC, by being extremely simple and fast, while yielding close to state-of-the-art compression performance. Results show that the SLIm compression performance is attractive for many applications.
Vitreous loss during intracapsular cataract extraction. (1978)

Among 448 patients operated upon for bilateral cataracts (896 eyes), vitreous was lost in 96 eyes, an incidence of 10.7%. The most striking difference between the whole group of eyes without vitreous loss (800 eyes) and those with vitreous loss is in the percentage of eyes able to perform a very good visual acuity postoperatively. An analysis of 50 cases losing vitreous unilaterally shows the following: (a) more than 80% of eyes with vitreous loss achieved a vision comparable to their fellow eyes; (b) 12% of eyes with vitreous loss achieved a poorer vision than their fellow eyes; and (c) fewer eyes with vitreous loss achieved a very good visual acuity as compared to their fellow eyes (8.7% to 11.1% in eyes with vitreous loss as compared to 21.5% to 22.2% of fellow eyes). The combination of vitreous loss with an accidental extracapsular cataract extraction had a worsening effect on the expected postoperative visual performance.
High Capacity and Rate Capability Binder‐less Ternary Transition Metal‐organic Framework as Anode Material for Lithium‐ion Battery (2020)

Abstract A novel metal‐organic framework (MOF) composition containing three cations (CoCuNi−MOF) grown directly on nickel foam substrate has been evaluated for its use as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIB) and benchmarked the performance with its single cation MOF counterparts. Equimolar concentrations of cobalt, copper, and nickel and 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid are used as metal centers and organic linker, respectively, for synthesis of CoCuNi−MOF. The morphology, chemical structure, and electrochemical properties of the materials are studied and analyzed for their suitability for lithium ion storage. The cyclability performance of CoCuNi−MOF exhibit good behavior with retaining ∼490 (±3) and ∼396 (±3) mA⋅h⋅g −1 at ∼200 and ∼500 mA⋅g −1 , respectively. During rate capability evaluation, CoCuNi−MOF proved to be the best material compared to its single component MOF: CoCuNi−MOF retained an average capacity of ∼565 (±3) mA⋅h⋅g −1 at current density as high as 1000 mA⋅g −1 . The positive attributes of CoCuNi−MOF are shown to arise from the synergistic effect of the three transition metals. The output from this work is expected to provide useful insight into the design of new MOFs electrode for LIBs with high specific capacity and improved cycle stability.
A force‐reflecting friction‐free bilateral system based on a twin drive control system with torsional vibration suppression (2007)

Abstract This paper proposes a new friction‐free bilateral system based on twin drive control system considering resonant frequency for bilateral systems. The twin drive system consists of two motors which are coupled by the differential gear. The output torque becomes a different torque of both motors. The nonlinear friction torque of the twin drive system can be easily compensated. However, the resonant frequency and the antiresonant frequency caused by the tensional vibration exist. This paper proposes a new two‐mass model of twin drive system that supresses torsional vibration by state feedback. The proposed control method is applied to the bilateral robot, and the effectiveness of the control method is confirmed by the experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 72–79, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20355
The Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic 2‐D Material (CsNa2[{Sn(CH3)2}3(H2O)4(β‐XW9O33)]·7H2O)∞ (X = AsIII, SbIII) and Its Solution Properties (2004)

Abstract We report on the hybrid organic‐inorganic 2‐D materials (CsNa 2 [{Sn(CH 3 ) 2 } 3 (H 2 O) 4 (β‐AsW 9 O 33 )]·7H 2 O) ∞ ( 1a ) and the isomorphous (CsNa 2 [{Sn(CH 3 ) 2 } 3 (H 2 O) 4 (β‐SbW 9 O 33 )]·7H 2 O) ∞ ( 2a ) which crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna 2 1 , with identical unit cell parameters a = 26.118(2) Å, b = 16.064(1) Å, c = 13.776(1) Å, and Z = 1. Compounds 1a and 2a have been synthesized in good yield by crystallization from a reaction mixture of dimethyltin dichloride and Na 9 [α‐XW 9 O 33 ] (X = As III , Sb III ) in aqueous, acidic medium. We have shown by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ( 183 W, 119 Sn, 13 C, 1 H) that 1a and 2a decompose in solution leading to the monomeric species [{Sn(CH 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 } 3 (β‐XW 9 O 33 )] 3− [X = As III ( 1 ), Sb III ( 2 )]. Polyanions 1 and 2 consist of a (β‐XW 9 O 33 ) fragment stabilized by three dimethyltin units. The dimethyltin groups are grafted onto the polyanion by two Sn−O(W) bonds on the side of the heteroatom lone pair. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare examples of discrete polyoxoanions which polymerize upon crystallization leading to a 2‐D solid‐state structure with inorganic and organic surface regions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Arbitrary Control of Electromagnetic Flux in Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Media with Near-Zero Index (2014)

We propose a method to control electromagnetic flux in an almost arbitrary way in wavelength and subwavelength scales. The capability of subwavelength flux control is enabled by the evanescent waves induced in a class of inhomogeneous anisotropic media with a near-zero permittivity component. By designing the spatial profile of the other permittivity component in such inhomogeneous media, the flow and distribution of energy flux can be conveniently manipulated. This method provides another approach to efficiently control electromagnetic flux in nonmagnetic media.
ABHD11, a new diacylglycerol lipase involved in weight gain regulation (2020)

Obesity epidemic continues to spread and obesity rates are increasing in the world. In addition to public health effort to reduce obesity, there is a need to better understand the underlying biology to enable more effective treatment and the discovery of new pharmacological agents. Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 11 (ABHD11) is a serine hydrolase enzyme, localized in mitochondria, that can synthesize the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG) in vitro. In vivo preclinical studies demonstrated that knock-out ABHD11 mice have a similar 2AG level as WT mice and exhibit a lean metabolic phenotype. Such mice resist to weight gain in Diet Induced Obesity studies (DIO) and display normal biochemical plasma parameters. Metabolic and transcriptomic analyses on serum and tissues of ABHD11 KO mice from DIO studies show a modulation in bile salts associated with reduced fat intestinal absorption. These data suggest that modulating ABHD11 signaling pathway could be of therapeutic value for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
High refractive index nanoparticle fluids for 193-nm immersion lithography (2009)

A critical issue preventing the implementation of 193nm immersion lithography (193i) to the 32nm node is the availability of high refractive index (n &gt; 1.8) and low optical absorption fluids. To overcome these issues, we have synthesized high refractive index nanoparticles and introduced them into the immersion fluid to increase the refractive index. Hydrolysis and sol-gel methods have been implemented to grow high refractive index nanoparticles with diameters of 3-4nm. Depending on the synthetic route, it is possible to produce stable suspensions of nanoparticles in either aqueous or organic solvents, making it possible to synthesize a stable high-index immersion fluid.
Complexation of ent-8,13.beta.-epoxylabdane-12,14-diols with boric acid. A method for establishing the C(14) configuration (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexation of ent-8,13.beta.-epoxylabdane-12,14-diols with boric acid. A method for establishing the C(14) configurationFrancisco Fernandez-Gadea and Benjamin RodriguezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 24, 4721–4724Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00198a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00198a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hidden Markov Tree Models for Complex Wavelet Transforms (2002)

Multiresolution models such as the hidden Markov tree (HMT) aim to capture the statistical structure of signals and images by leveraging two key wavelet transform properties: wavelet coefficients representing smooth/singular regions in a signal have small/large magnitude, and small/large magnitudes persist through scale.Unfortunately, the HMT based on the conventional (fully decimated) wavelet transform suffers from shift-variance, making it less accurate and realistic.In this paper, we extend the HMT modeling framework to the complex wavelet transform, which features near shift-invariance and improved directionality compared to the standard wavelet transform.The complex HMT model is computationally efficient (with linear-time computation and processing algorithms) and applicable to general Bayesian inference problems as a prior density for images.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the model with two applications.In a simple estimation experiment, the complex wavelet HMT model outperforms a number of high-performance denoising algorithms, including redundant wavelet thresholding (cycle spinning) and the redundant HMT.A multiscale maximum likelihood texture classification algorithm produces fewer errors with the new model than with a standard HMT.
Is 10 minutes the optimum immersion time in 0.6% glutaraldehyde for human pericardium? (2000)

Our results suggested that a 10-min exposure to glutaraldehyde was insufficient for 'correct' fixation of human pericardium. Inadequate glutaraldehyde exposure of human pericardium may explain mid and long-term failures reported with this tissue in cardiac surgery.
Advanced Mud Logging Aids (AML) Formation Evaluation and Drilling, and Yields Precise Hydrocarbon Fluid Composition (2011)

Abstract While traditional mudlogging techniques provide largely qualitative data, the prime objective of Advanced Mud Logging (AML) is to provide quantitative real time measurements in aid of a complete formation evaluation. To achieve this, wellsite mudlogging technologies have been enhanced, and various techniques which historically were limited to laboratories, have been adapted for well site usage. AML well site techniques thus include: (1) high frequency, improved accuracy monitoring of drilling parameters; (2) enhanced cuttings image acquisition and processing; (3) direct measurements on cuttings, including graindensity, spectral GR, NMR, XRD, XRF; and (4) sophisticated mud gas analysis capabilities. We describe the main system components developed and present some results of the first pilot tests done in Saudi Arabia with AML techniques and a dedicated AML unit. Examples in the four areas mentioned above illustrate and confirm the potential of AML. On one special technology test well, different systems, from two different companies, were run in parallel to establish the merits and possible limitations of especially the hydrocarbon analysis systems. One of the most striking examples of the quality of AML is a perfect match between the hydrocarbon fluid composition determined from mud gas returns, and those subsequently obtained from PVT measurements on wireline fluid samples. To achieve this, AML technology developers in the industry advanced across the whole process chain affecting such quantification. First and foremost, improving sample extraction and handling, combined with enhanced calibration procedures, to convert from in situ to surface conditions. Second, in addition to sampling both the return mud flow and the inflow, a more precise tracking of flowrates and system volumes was made possible with modern operating systems. Third, adding a mass spectrometer to the gas chromatograph, improved the final measurement potential.
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of novel phenotypic probes targeting the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway (2013)

Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and related upstream signal transduction pathways have long been associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases and has recently been implicated in the onset of cancer. This report provides a synthetic and compound-based property summary of five pathway-related small-molecule chemical probes identified and optimized within the National Institutes of Health-Molecular Libraries Probe Center Network (NIH-MLPCN) initiative. The chemical probes discussed herein represent first-in-class, non-kinase-based modulators of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which were identified and optimized through either cellular phenotypic or specific protein-target-based screening strategies. Accordingly, the resulting new chemical probes may allow for better fundamental understanding of this highly complex biochemical signaling network and could advance future therapeutic translation toward the clinical setting.
Fault-Tolerant Extension of Hypercube Algorithm for Efficient, Robust Group Communications in MANETs (2005)

Securing multicast communications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) has become one of the most challenging research directions in the areas of wireless networking and security. MANETs are emerging as the desired environment for an increasing number of commercial and military applications, addressing also an increasing number of users. Security on the other hand, is becoming an indispensable requirement of our modern life for all these applications. However, the limitations of the dynamic, infrastructure-less nature of MANETs impose major difficulties in establishing a secure framework suitable for group communications. The design of efficient key management (KM) schemes for MANET is of paramount importance, since the performance of the KM functions (key generation, entity authentication, key distribution/agreement) imposes an upper limit on the efficiency and scalability of the whole secure group communication system. In this work, we contribute towards efficient, robust and scalable, secure group communications for MANETs, by extending an existing key agreement (KA) scheme (where all parties contribute equally to group key generation) ypercube - to tolerate multiple member failures with low cost, through its integration with a novel adaptively proactive algorithm. We assume that the participating users have already been authenticated via some underlying mechanism and we focus on the design and analysis of a fault-tolerant Hypercube, with the aim to contribute to the robustness and efficiency of Octopus-based schemes (an efficient group of KA protocols for MANETs using Hypercube as backbone). We compare our algorithm with the existing approach, and we evaluate the results of our analysis. Through our analysis and simulation results we demonstrate how the new Hypercube algorithm enhances the robustness of the Octopus schemes maintaining their feasibility in MANETs at the same time. Key terms: Key Management, Key Agreement, Hypercube Protocol, Fault-Tolerance, Octopus Schemes, Elliptic Curves Cryptography
Surface roughness effects in laser crystallized polycrystalline silicon (1995)

Two surface roughening mechanisms have been distinguished in laser crystallized polycrystalline Si: one is related to rapid release of hydrogen from hydrogen-rich plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited amorphous Si and the other is independent of the hydrogen content of the material and is determined by the total number of pulses incident on the surface. At, or beyond, the melt threshold energy there is a positive feedback effect between a beam-induced periodic surface roughness pattern and enhancement of this pattern by interference effects in subsequent pulses.
Analysis of disulphide linkages in bovine κ‐casein oligomers using two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2008)

Disulphide bonds play an important role in protein structure and function. Bovine kappa-casein (kappa-csn), an important glycoprotein in milk, contains two cysteines that can form disulphide bonds. On 2-D gels run under nonreducing conditions the kappa-csn in milk presented a complex pattern of monomers and disulphide-linked oligomers. Trains of spots corresponding to monomers to hexamers were observed as a result of the participation of different glycoforms and phosphoforms in oligomer formation. The dimers and trimers ran as doublets on the gel and analysis of the disulphide-linked peptides released from them after in-gel tryptic digestion showed they were the result of different disulphide linkages. The linkages were confirmed by MSMS. When milks with electrophoretically distinct genetic variants of kappa-csn were mixed and run on 2-D gels, they retained their distinct patterns indicating that disulphide exchange reactions or disulphide 'scrambling' was not occurring during 2-D analysis. The patterns observed represent the native distribution of kappa-csn in milk at harvest. The role and significance of the disulphide bonding of kappa-csn are discussed.
Applications of knowledge-based programming to power engineering problems (1989)

Application of knowledge-based expert systems to typical power engineering problems involving diagnosis, control and design is described. A review of prototype projects completed at North Carolina State University serves to demonstrate what is involved in expert system development. The examples include a diagnostic tool for rotating-machine vibration problems, implementation of a distribution-feeder reconfiguration control scheme, and a design aid for distribution-feeder capacitor placement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
2013 ESC GUIDELINES ON CARDIAC PACING AND CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY (2014)

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Polarized infrared spectroscopy of molecules orientated in a nematic liquid crystal. Application to decacarbonyldimanganese (0) and decacarbonyldirhenium (0) (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarized infrared spectroscopy of molecules orientated in a nematic liquid crystal. Application to decacarbonyldimanganese (0) and decacarbonyldirhenium (0)Gerald P. Ceasar, Robert A. Levenson, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 3, 772–774Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01031a059RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (387 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts