gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of inhibition of gluconeogenesis on ketogenesis in starved and diabetic rats (1975)

Experiments were performed in which the effects of inhibiting gluconeogenesis on ketone-body formation were examined in vivo in starved and severely streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The infusion of 3-mercaptopicolinate, an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis (DiTullio et al., 1974), caused decreases in blood [glucose] and increases in blood [lactate] and [pyruvate] in both normal and ketoacidotic rats. Patterns of liver gluconeogenic intermediates after 3-mercaptopicolinate infusion suggested inhibition at the level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. This was confirmed by measurement of hepatic oxaloacetate concentrations which were increased 5-fold after 3-mercaptopicolinate administration. The infusion of 3-mercaptopicolinate caused a decrease in total ketone-body concentrations of 30% in starved rats and 73% in the diabetic animals. Blood glycerol and hepatic triglyceride concentrations remained unchanged. The decreases in ketone-body concentrations were associated with increases in the calculated hepatic cytosolic and mitochondrial [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios. The decrease in ketogenesis seen after inhibition of gluconeogenesis may have resulted from an inhibition of hepatic fatty acid oxidation by the more reduced mitochondrial redox state. It was concluded that gluconeogenesis may stimulate ketogenesis by as much as 30% in severe diabetic ketoacidosis.
Field Deployment of a Portable Optical Spectrometer for Methane Fugitive Emissions Monitoring on Oil and Gas Well Pads (2019)

We present field deployment results of a portable optical absorption spectrometer for localization and quantification of fugitive methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Our near-infrared sensor targets the 2ν<sub>3</sub> R(4) CH<sub>4</sub> transition at 6057.1 cm<sup>-1</sup> (1651 nm) via line-scanned tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), with Allan deviation analysis yielding a normalized 2.0 ppmv∙Hz<sup>-1/2</sup> sensitivity (4.5 × 10<sup>-6</sup> Hz<sup>-1/2</sup> noise-equivalent absorption) over 5 cm open-path length. Controlled CH<sub>4</sub> leak experiments are performed at the METEC CSU engineering facility, where concurrent deployment of our TDLAS and a customized volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor demonstrates good linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.74) over high-flow (>60 SCFH) CH<sub>4</sub> releases spanning 4.4 h. In conjunction with simultaneous wind velocity measurements, the leak angle-of-arrival (AOA) is ascertained via correlation of CH<sub>4</sub> concentration and wind angle, demonstrating the efficacy of single-sensor line-of-sight (LOS) determination of leak sources. Source magnitude estimation based on a Gaussian plume model is demonstrated, with good correspondence (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.74) between calculated and measured release rates.
Fast image-based model of mitral valve closure for surgical planning (2008)

Surgical repair of the mitral valve results in better outcomes than valve replacement, yet diseased valves are often replaced due to the technical difficulty of the repair process. A surgical planning system based on patient-specific medical images that allows surgeons to simulate and compare potential repair strategies could greatly improve surgical outcomes. The system must simulate valve closure quickly and handle the complex boundary conditions imposed by the chords that tether the valve leaflets. We have developed a process for generating a triangulated mesh of the valve surface from volumetric image data of the opened valve. The closed position of the mesh is then computed using a mass-spring model of dynamics. In the mass-spring model, triangle sides are treated as linear springs supporting only tension. Chords are also treated as linear springs, and self-collisions are detected and handled inelastically. The equations of motion are solved using implicit numerical integration. The simulated closed state is compared with an image of the same valve taken in the closed state to assess accuracy of the model. The model exhibits rapid valve closure and is able to predict the closed state of the valve with reasonable accuracy.
Rapid, Point‐of‐Care, Paper‐Based Plasmonic Biosensor for Zika Virus Diagnosis (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an increasing global health challenge. There is an urgent need for rapid, low-cost, and accurate diagnostic tests that can be broadly distributed and applied in pandemic regions. Here, an innovative, adaptable, and rapidly deployable bioplasmonic paper-based device (BPD) is demonstrated for the detection of ZIKV infection, via quantification of serum anti-ZIKV-nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) IgG and IgM. BPD is based on ZIKV-NS1 protein as a capture element and gold nanorods as plasmonic nanotransducers. The BPD displays excellent sensitivity and selectivity to both anti-ZIKV-NS1 IgG and IgM in human serum. In addition, excellent stability of BPDs at room and even elevated temperature for one month is achieved by metal-organic framework (MOF)-based biopreservation. MOF-based preservation obviates the need for device refrigeration during transport and storage, thus enabling their use in point-of-care and resource-limited settings for ZIKV surveillance. Furthermore, the versatile design (interchangeable recognition element) of BPDs more generally enables their ready adaptation to diagnose other emerging infectious diseases.
Recent progress in redox-based resistive switching (2012)

Recent advancements in resistive switching cell are based on three conduction mechanisms - electrochemical (ECM), Valence-change (VCM) and thermo-chemical (TCM). In the ECM type cells, migration of anions, typically oxygen ions, towards the anode, and reduction of the cation sublattice provide either metallically or semiconducting phases and triggers a bipolar memory operation. The major factors determining the functionality of the ECM cells are the electrode reaction and the transport kinetics. The VCM type switching is generally observed in metal oxides. Finally, the resistive switching based on the TCM mechanism is discussed. Whenever, this thermo-chemical effect dominates over the electrochemical effect, a unipolar switching behavior is observed. Conductive filament formed during the electroforming process is interpreted as a sequence of threshold switching and subsequent Joule heating, which triggers local redox reactions.
SFM characterization of SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films for nanoscale memory applications (1999)

Abstract Scanning force microscopy (SFM) has been used for comparative studies of domain structures in SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films grown by sol-gel, Flash MOCVD and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques. Investigation has been focused on establishing microscopic correlation between crystallinity, domain arrangements and switching behavior of the films. It has been shown that the domain contrast of an individual grain and its switchability are strongly dependent on the grain orientation. The remnant polarization value was found to decrease with decrease in the fraction of a-oriented grains which exhibit sharp domain contrast.
Design and implementation of a robot audition system for automatic speech recognition of simultaneous speech (2007)

This paper addresses robot audition that can cope with speech that has a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in real time by using robot-embedded microphones. To cope with such a noise, we exploited two key ideas; Preprocessing consisting of sound source localization and separation with a microphone array, and system integration based on missing feature theory (MFT). Preprocessing improves the SNR of a target sound signal using geometric source separation with multichannel post-filter. MFT uses only reliable acoustic features in speech recognition and masks unreliable parts caused by errors in preprocessing. MFT thus provides smooth integration between preprocessing and automatic speech recognition. A real-time robot audition system based on these two key ideas is constructed for Honda ASIMO and Humanoid SIG2 with 8-ch microphone arrays. The paper also reports the improvement of ASR performance by using two and three simultaneous speech signals.
Fluxgate magnetic sensors with a readout strategy based on residence times measurements (2003)

We deal with analytical and experimental results on a highly sensitive fluxgate magnetometers wherein we exploit an efficient mode of operation that takes advantage of the inherent nonlinear (bistable) character of the core dynamics itself. Our approach, based on the passage time statistics of transitions to the stable steady states of the hysteresis loop, offers the possibility of using bias signals that have lower amplitude and frequency than those used in conventional fluxgate operation. The experiments are carried out on a laboratory prototype fluxgate, fabricated as a miniaturized device; this device is expected to lead to a MEMs implementation of a single fluxgate as well as a coupled ensemble of fluxgates.
A 10GHz Broadband Amplifier with Bootstrapped 2kV ESD Protection (2007)

A phase-corrected bootstrap circuit for active capacitance compensation of a low-C ESD-protection element is discussed. A broadband 2kV-ESD-protected 10GHz amplifier fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process serves as a test vehicle. Inductive peaking compensates for the intrinsic phase shift of the multi-stage bootstrap circuit.
Block and graft copolymers by selective cationic initiation. IV. Physical properties of bigraft copolymers (1975)

Abstract The physical properties of bigraft copolymers, i.e., Nordel‐ g ‐polystyrene‐ g ‐poly(α‐methylstyrene) and Nordel‐ g ‐polystyrene‐ g ‐polyisobutylene, have been studied in terms of stress strain behavior, glass transition temperature, dynamic mechanical data, intrinsic viscosity versus temperature profile and solubility properties. These products are thermoplastic elastomers and show the presence of incompatible domains. T g and dynamic‐mechanical data indicate an aggregation of the polystyrene and poly(α‐methylstyrene) phases.
Biochemical and cellular characterization of transcription factors binding to the hyperconserved core promoter-associated M4 motif (2016)

The M4 motif (ACTAYRNNNCCCR) is a functional regulatory bipartite cis-element, which engages a THAP11/HCF-1 complex via binding to the ACTAYR module, while the CCCRRNRNRC subsequence part constitutes a binding platform for Ikaros and NFKB1.
Ambient generation of fatty acid methyl ester ions from bacterial whole cells by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (2006)

Direct analysis in real time (DART) is implemented on a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, and used for the generation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) ions from whole bacterial cells.
Phase-insensitive all-optical transistors based on second-order nonlinearities (1998)

We demonstrate and compare two phase-insensitive all-optical transistors (AOT's) based on frequency-degenerate quadratic three-wave interactions. In particular, we demonstrate gain using KTP in a type II geometry. Both AOT's exploit the phase insensitivity inherent to three-wave parametric processes when only two fields are input, providing amplification of a small signal at the operating frequency via the interaction with a second-harmonic wave. The first scheme is based on successive up- and down-conversion (i.e., cascading) while the second relies on parametric down-conversion. We obtain gains of 5 and 160 in the two configurations, respectively, with a significant background and output coherent to the pump in the first case, no background and coherence between output and signal in the second.
Catalytic Ring Expansions of Cyclic Alcohols Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (2019)

We report here a catalytic method for the modular ring expansion of cyclic aliphatic alcohols. In this work, proton-coupled electron transfer activation of an allylic alcohol substrate affords an alkoxy radical intermediate that undergoes subsequent C-C bond cleavage to furnish an enone and a tethered alkyl radical. Recombination of this alkyl radical with the revealed olefin acceptor in turn produces a ring-expanded ketone product. The regioselectivity of this C-C bond-forming event can be reliably controlled via substituents on the olefin substrate, providing a means to convert a simple N-membered ring substrate to either n+1 or n+2 ring adducts in a selective fashion.
Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment Design Considerations for Effective Proppant Pillar Construction (2016)

Abstract As an alternative to conventional proppant pack placement, propped pillar-fracturing promises more effective and conductive fractures that enable hydrocarbons to flow through open channels. Recent experimental and numerical studies confirmed that viscous fingering phenomena can be used to develop a proppant pillar-fracture type placement: High-viscosity, proppant-laden fluid can be placed, and then a low-viscosity clean fluid is pumped to carve pathways through the proppant-laden fluid in a dynamic, continuous process. However, the created channel pattern was found to be significantly dependent on fracture geometry and treatment design parameters such as injection rate, fluid pulsing time, and fluid viscosity ratio. The objective of this study is to extend the numerical investigation and normalize it to develop a treatment design methodology for constructing proppant pillars throughout the created fracture. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed using commercial CFD software, simulating the flow of fluids inside the fracture and the resulting proppant pillar generation. The study focused on the effects of surface injection rate (1 to 40 bpm/cluster), pulsing time (5 sec to 5 min), and viscosity ratio (from 2 to 20) between the two injected fluids to develop correlations between these parameters and the created fracture geometry. Based on numerical results, the viscosity ratio chosen to achieve the proppant pillars allows the use of conventional crosslinked fluid without a hindered settling agent. In these designs the settling of proppant into pillars can be made to occur after the end of the stimulation treatment. Controlled settling of proppant from a crosslinked proppant-laden slurry allows channel formation and creates wider propped fracture-width pillars as compared to current industry pillar-fracturing treatment techniques. The optimum channel pattern has small channel sizes, remains open under closure stress, creates more channels throughout the entire fracture area and maintains good communication between unpropped areas. A new dimensionless term, Dimensionless Stage Volume (VSD), is presented to describe the channel pattern inside the fracture. Smaller VSD numbers resulted in smaller and more distributed channels. Therefore, it is highly recommended to select and design a proppant pillar-fracture treatment to achieve the lowest VSD possible and create the optimal channel pattern.
Polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with MgCl2‐supported cobalt catalysts activated by ordinary alkylaluminums (1995)

Abstract MgCl 2 ‐supported CoBr 2 catalysts were prepared from mixture of MgCl 2 and CoBr 2 L 2 (L = triphenylphosphine or pyridine) in toluene. Polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene was conducted over the catalysts combined with ordinary alkylaluminums as cocatalyst. The CoBr 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 /MgCl 2 catalyst gave polybutadiene with approximately 80% of 1,2 units, whereas cis ‐1,4‐poly‐butadiene was obtained with the CoBr 2 (C 5 H 5 N) 2 /MgCl 2 catalyst. Addition of triphenylphospine to the latter catalyst caused a marked increase in the content of 1,2 units. The content of 1,2 units could be thus controlled in the range from 0 to 80% by changing the amount of triphenylphosphine. On the other hand, the CoBr 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 /MgCl 2 catalyst with very low content of CoBr 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 hardly displayed any activity. Addition of dimethoxydiphenylsilane to the catalyst gave polybutadiene containing 90 % of 1,2 units with a fairly high activity.
The Weak Acid Resin Process: A Dustless Conversion Route for the Synthesis of Americium Bearing-blanket Precursors (2016)

International audience
Enhanced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Humans (2018)

To clarify the threat posed by emergence of highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) virus infection among humans, we characterized the viral polymerase complex. Polymerase basic 2-482R, polymerase basic 2-588V, and polymerase acidic-497R individually or additively enhanced virus polymerase activity, indicating that multiple replication-enhancing mutations in 1 isolate may contribute to virulence.
Noncoherent and Differential ST Codes for Flat Fading Channels (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Noncoherent ST Codes Differential ST Codes Closing Comments
Outdoor polymeric insulators: Role of corona in performance of silicone rubber housings (2015)

In the struggle to accept outdoor polymeric insulators as alternatives to the traditionally used porcelain and glass insulators, researchers and engineers have tested numerous ideas. Insulator housings made of silicone rubber (SIR) currently dominate the component design, thanks to their hydrophobic surface properties with excellent long-term durability. Despite of five decades of lasting development, some issues related to the performance of this material in various working conditions still remain to be resolved, including an understanding of the impact of corona discharges on the material deterioration as well as on insulator durability although these are extensively studied questions. The impact on insulator performance of high voltage direct current stress especially needs elucidation. An overview on present use of SIR composite insulators is first provided in this paper. Thereafter the results of recent investigations on the mechanism of corona damage are summarized with an emphasis on the differences between the effects of alternating (AC) and direct current (DC) stresses, demonstrating by evaluating the electrical, mechanical and structural characteristics of SIR-based materials, that the damage is less severe under a DC stress. The effect is attributed to reduction in corona intensity in the vicinity of the material surface by stored electric charge. The same charge has however a positive or negative impact on the insulator voltage withstand under impulse conditions, depending on their polarity.
Experimental demonstration of 5-mode PON achieving a net gain of 4 dB in upstream transmission loss budget (2015)

We demonstrate the first integrated 5-mode passive optical network, utilizing spatial modes to eliminate upstream combining loss. BERs of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> were obtained for all 5 modes enabling Ethernet transmission using commercial GPON equipment without packet loss.
Maximum entropy based restoration of Arabic diacritics (2006)

Short vowels and other diacritics are not part of written Arabic scripts. Exceptions are made for important political and religious texts and in scripts for beginning students of Arabic. Script without diacritics have considerable ambiguity because many words with different diacritic patterns appear identical in a diacritic-less setting. We propose in this paper a maximum entropy approach for restoring diacritics in a document. The approach can easily integrate and make effective use of diverse types of information; the model we propose integrates a wide array of lexical, segment-based and part-of-speech tag features. The combination of these feature types leads to a state-of-the-art diacritization model. Using a publicly available corpus (LDC's Arabic Treebank Part 3), we achieve a diacritic error rate of 5.1%, a segment error rate 8.5%, and a word error rate of 17.3%. In case-ending-less setting, we obtain a diacritic error rate of 2.2%, a segment error rate 4.0%, and a word error rate of 7.2%.
Prolactin modulates the naive B cell repertoire (2003)

Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that is critical in lactation. Prolactin can also be produced by lymphocytes, and both B and T cells express prolactin receptors. These findings have suggested that prolactin has immunomodulatory functions. Studies in spontaneously autoimmune hosts have demonstrated a role for prolactin in augmenting autoreactivity. We chose to analyze prolactin effects on anti-DNA B cells in nonspontaneously autoimmune female BALB/c mice transgenic for the heavy chain of an anti-DNA antibody. Treatment with prolactin for 4 weeks induced a lupus-like phenotype with an increased number of transgene-expressing B cells, elevated serum anti-DNA antibody titers, and glomerular immunoglobulin deposits. Prolactin caused a decrease in the population of transitional B cells and an increase in mature follicular and marginal zone B cells. The DNA-reactive B cells had a follicular cell phenotype. Anti-DNA hybridomas demonstrated that prolactin alters selection of the naive B cell repertoire. The expansion and activation of anti-DNA B cells in prolactin-treated R4A-2b BALB/c mice was dependent on the presence of CD4 + T cells. Finally, treatment with prolactin was unable to break tolerance in R4A-2b transgenic C57Bl/6 mice, suggesting that responsiveness of the immune system to prolactin is genetically determined.
An Aqueous Symmetric Sodium‐Ion Battery with NASICON‐Structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3 (2016)

Abstract A symmetric sodium‐ion battery with an aqueous electrolyte is demonstrated; it utilizes the NASICON‐structured Na 3 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 as both the anode and the cathode. The NASICON‐structured Na 3 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 possesses two electrochemically active transition metals with the redox couples of Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ and Mn 3+ /Mn 2+ working on the anode and cathode sides, respectively. The symmetric cell based on this bipolar electrode material exhibits a well‐defined voltage plateau centered at about 1.4 V in an aqueous electrolyte with a stable cycle performance and superior rate capability. The advent of aqueous symmetric sodium‐ion battery with high safety and low cost may provide a solution for large‐scale stationary energy storage.
Future clinical challenges in multiple sclerosis (2011)

The limitations of established therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are well-known and include the need for injections, treatment adherence and convenience issues, partial efficacy, and, in some cases, a risk of potentially life-threatening adverse events, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Recently, attention has focused on developing more effective therapies that are administered orally and target neurodegeneration as well as inflammation. In this review, we provide an outlook on the future clinical challenges for MS treatment and management, and focus specifically on the emerging sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators. We highlight the importance of improving our understanding of the neurobiological basis of MS to develop well-tolerated targeted therapies and the need to include advanced MRI assessments that quantify neurodegeneration in interventional studies in MS. As more treatments become available, often with complex pharmacodynamic actions, objective assessment of benefit-to-risk profiles becomes increasingly important to ensure that patients receive appropriate care. Pharmacovigilance and immune monitoring will become important aspects of patient treatment and management in the future. With respect to S1PR modulation, we review the experimental agents that are in clinical development for MS and summarize the steps taken in postmarketing surveillance to ensure that fingolimod (FTY720) has a well-characterized safety profile.