gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Identification of Keywords in Lecture Video Segments (2020)

Lecture video is an increasingly important learning resource. However, the challenge of quickly finding the content of interest in a long lecture video is a critical limitation of this format. This paper introduces automatic discovery of keywords (or tags) for lecture video segments to improve navigation. A lecture video is divided into topical segments based on the frame-to-frame similarity of content. A user navigates the lecture video assisted by visual summaries and keywords for the segments. Keywords provide an overview of the content discussed in the segment to improve navigation. The input to the keyword identification algorithm is the text from the video frames extracted by OCR. Automatically discovering keywords is challenging as the suitability of an N-gram to be a keyword depends on a variety of factors including frequency in a segment and relative frequency in reference to the full video, font size, time on screen, and the existence in domain and language dictionaries. This paper explores how these factors are quantified and combined to identify good keywords. The key scientific contribution of this paper is the design, implementation, and evaluation of a keyword selection algorithm for lecture video segments. Evaluation is performed by comparing the keywords generated by the algorithm with the tags chosen by experts on 121 segments of 11 videos from STEM courses.
First Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring (‐)‐Nitidon and Its Enantiomer. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The oxygen cost of breathing in man: Effects of altitude, training, and race (1968)

Abstract The oxygen cost of breathing was determined by an open‐circuit method with voluntary hyperventilation over a wide range of volumes. In 11 lowland residents the oxygen cost (ml/1 STPD) of extra ventilation (BTPS) was 3.3 ml/1 at sea level and 2.1 ml/1 after 16 days at 4000 m; the corresponding cost for ventilation STPD was 4.2 ml/1 at altitude and 4.1 ml/1 at sea level. In acclimatized persons at altitude, including both native Indian and European residents, the cost of breathing varied from 2.5 to 3.7 ml/1. On the average, the cost of breathing for acclimatized subjects was 3.1 ml/1 (BTPS), only slightly lower (5 to 10%) than that for lowlanders at sea level. This relatively higher cost with acclimatization, though still lower than at sea level, may reflect pulmonary congestion concomitant with altitude sojourn. Group differences in the cost of breathing could not be ascribed to athletic training, racial background, or permanent altitude residence, nor was there a difference of cost during quiet seated hyperventilation versus cost during free wheel bicycle pedalling. Individual, group, altitude, and acclimatizational differences in the cost of breathing could affect oxygen intake at rest and work, as well as the regulation of ventilation.
CDP7657, and Other Anti-CD40L Antibody Formats Lacking a Functional Fc Region, Do Not Cause Platelet Activation In Vitro (2010)

Abstract Abstract 5128 Objectives: Hu5c8, a whole IgG1 anti-CD40L antibody, is known to cause thrombotic side effects in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Anti-CD40L-mediated activation of platelets in vitro was shown to be FcγRIIa-dependent1, suggesting that the adverse effects of hu5c8 could be due to this mechanism, and that anti-CD40L antibodies lacking a functional Fc region would not activate platelets. CDP7657 is a monovalent Fab' PEG anti-CD40L antibody being developed for the treatment of SLE. The aim of the present work was to study a range of anti-CD40L antibody formats in isolated platelet assays and to evaluate the role of the Fc region and of valency. Methods: Isolated human platelets from healthy donors were used in the platelet aggregometry and serotonin release assay systems. Antibodies were added either alone, or pre-complexed with soluble CD40L trimer (sCD40L) at optimal stoichiometry. Antibody IV.3 was used to block FcγRIIa. The antibodies and antibody fragments tested included hu5c8 in IgG1, aglycosyl IgG, Fab′, &amp; (Fab′)2 formats, CDP7657, and the CDP7657 variable regions in di-Fab' PEG, tri-Fab' PEG and aglycosyl formats. Results: Hu5c8 in complex with sCD40L caused strong aggregation (in 2–3 minutes) and &gt;85% serotonin release, both alone and in complex with sCD40L. This activation was completely abrogated by blocking FcγRIIa. In contrast, platelet activation did not occur with CDP7657 or other antibody formats, in any assay, regardless of the valency or presence of sCD40L. Conclusions: The data support the hypothesis that platelet activation by anti-CD40L antibodies is dependent on the presence of an active Fc moiety, via interactions with FcγRIIa, and indicate that CDP7657 has the potential to deliver the therapeutic effect of anti-CD40L blockade in SLE without thrombotic toxicity. References:(1) Langer F et al. 2005; Thromb Haemost 93: 1137. Disclosures: Amirkhosravi: UCB: Research Funding.
Mucous Systems Show a Novel Mechanical Response to Applied Deformation (2005)

Mucous secretions have a wide range of biological functions that are intimately linked with their rheological properties. In addition, many mucous secretions are exposed to significant stress and deformation during physiological function. This study has examined the rheological response of three mucous systems, native pig gastric mucus, purified mucin gels, and mucin alginate gels, to increasing applied stress to a level sufficient to induce flow behavior. A novel, frequency-dependent stress hardening was observed in all three systems. This hardening behavior may play a significant role in the ability of mucous systems to resist mechanical disruption in the physiological state.
On feedforward control using physics-guided neural networks: Training cost regularization and optimized initialization (2022)

Performance of model-based feedforward controllers is typically limited by the accuracy of the inverse system dynamics model. Physics-guided neural networks (PGNN), where a known physical model cooperates in parallel with a neural network, were recently proposed as a method to achieve high accuracy of the identified inverse dynamics. However, the flexible nature of neural networks can create overparameterization when employed in parallel with a physical model, which results in a parameter drift during training. This drift may result in parameters of the physical model not corresponding to their physical values, which increases vulnerability of the PGNN to operating conditions not present in the training data. To address this problem, this paper proposes a regularization method via identified physical parameters, in combination with an optimized training initialization that improves training convergence. The regularized PGNN framework is validated on a real-life industrial linear motor, where it delivers better tracking accuracy and extrapolation.
Compact Robotic Vehicle (1993)

Radio-controlled microrover features light weight and agility. Miniature robotic vehicle, called Go-For, implements new fork-wheeled mobility concept to traverse extremely rough terrain. Weighs 4 kg and is 0.4 m long, climbs over obstacles as large as 60 percent of its length. Mobility concept applied to much larger vehicles. Demonstrates such applications as exploration of planetary surfaces, military surveillance, and assessing hazardous situations. Video camera on vehicle sends images to control station, where human supervisor chooses sequence of paths to traverse to reach locations of interest. For planetary exploration, spectrometer and seisometer on vehicle sends scientific data to control station, and onboard tools collect soil and rock samples. Terrestrial version equipped similarly to take samples in chemically and/or biologically contaminated areas.
Automated acquisition of ground control using SAR layover and shadows (2002)

The authors present an algorithm which uses SAR layover and shadows for the automated acquisition of ground control. The control points are then utilized to refine the SAR sensor parameters. Tests are carried out on ERS-1 and X-SAR images of the Austrian Alps. The accuracy of the layover/shadow matching algorithm is assessed by comparison with the results obtained by conventional cross-correlation of real-simulated gray value images.
Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Advanced Servo Control for Emerging Data Storage Systems (2012)

This special section consists of a survey paper, six regular papers, and four brief papers that present new results on challenging theoretical as well as practical aspects of important servo-control research areas.
Magnetic resonance imaging of human supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Validity Of The Borg Rpe Scale For Parkinson's Patients (2011)

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) have been shown to be a valid and reliable estimate of exercise intensity in healthy populations, however, there is some indication that effort perception may be different in those with Parkinson's disease (PD). RPE is a useful tool to monitor exercise intensity, and with increasing knowledge of the benefit of exercise to PD patients, it is important to examine the efficacy of the RPE scale in this population. PURPOSE: To examine the validity of the Borg RPE scale in PD patients undergoing two maximal progressive cycling exercise tests. METHODS: 39 males and females (58.59 ± 8.11 yrs) with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease completed two maximal progressive cycling exercise tests separated by eight weeks. Heart rate was monitored throughout, with RPE being recorded during the last minute of each stage of the test. RESULTS: Univariate correlation analysis combining both progressive exercise tests data demonstrated a positive relationship between RPE and heart rate (r = 0.61) and RPE and workload (r = 0.77). Separate mixed effects model regression analyses demonstrated that RPE scores were significant associated with heart rate (F = 4.6, p < 0.001) and workload (F = 92.3, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Borg RPE scale was significantly and positively associated with both heart rate and workload in patients with Parkinson's disease during progressive exercise to maximal exertion. This strong correlation between PD patient RPE and HR suggests that exercise recommendations made to PD patients could incorporate the Borg RPE scale to help ensure PD patients exercise at an appropriate intensity. This project supported by R21 HD056316 and Department of Veteran Affairs B6678R grants.
Enhanced hole transport in C60-doped hole transport layer (2006)

The carrier mobility of C60-doped hole transport layer was investigated according to the C60 content. The addition of C60 in the 1, 3, 5-tris (N, N-bis-(4, 5-methoxyphenyl)-aminophenyl) benzol (TDAPB) hole transport material resulted in the increase of hole mobility of TDAPB. The C60 molecule acted as a p-type dopant in the hole transport layer, resulting in the improved hole transport in TDAPB. The hole mobility of C60-doped TDAPB was 9.0×10−4cm2∕Vs compared with 1.0×10−4cm2∕Vs for nondoped TDAPB.
Probing the conformational space available to inhibitors in the thermolysin active site using Monte Carlo/energy minimization techniques (1992)

Abstract The conformational space available to four inhibitors of the bacterial enzyme thermolysin has been searched in the enzyme binding site using a method that combines Monte Carlo type techniques with energy minimization for exploration of the conformational potential energy hypersurface. Molecular mechanics methodology using the AMBER force field was employed for computation of the molecular energetics. Solvation energies were also included in the calculations by employing a technique that estimates hydration energies based on the exposed solvent accessible surface area for each atom of the inhibitor and active site. It was found that in each case, the crystallographically observed conformation was among the low energy conformers discovered. In fact, in three of the calculations it was the lowest energy conformation. The methodology described in this article is expected to be quite useful for studies involving computer aided design and evaluation of enzyme inhibitors.
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to characterize the geometry of fatigued porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. (1997)

It is likely that the observed changes in cuspal geometry induce deleterious alterations in the stress distribution, independent of those related to mechanical properties and fiber structure, and contribute to valve failure. Our results suggest that PBHV designers should attempt to compensate for the deleterious geometric changes that occur post-implantation.
Positioning in LTE (2018)

Long-term evolution (LTE) is standardized in the Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) as an evolution of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). This chapter discusses the localization technology available in LTE and gives remarks on likely fifth-generation (5G) 3GPP developments. The LTE system architecture comprises two major functional parts: the radio access network and the core network. 3GPP specifies functional requirements that describe the minimum set of mechanisms for supporting and developing various location services (LCS), as well as a set of the attributes to describe or characterize LCS. The term shape conversion denotes the geometrical transformations between the 3GPP geographical shapes. Although shape conversions enhance the flexibility of positioning solutions, they have a distinct drawback in that they destroy information. The main characteristics of the different positioning methods in LTE and their expected positioning performance are summarized.
Ultrafast metal-insulator varistors based on tunable Al2O3 tunnel junctions (2008)

Ultrafast metal-insulator varistors have been fabricated using atomic layer deposition. A high-density matrix of micron-sized spherical Ni particles conformally coated with ∼7.5–22nm Al2O3 films exhibited transient response times (∼0.3ns), capacitances (∼45pF), leakage currents (∼33pA), and nonlinearities (α∼380) which were all markedly improved over conventional metal oxide varistors. These characteristics result from the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling of electrons through uniform Al2O3 tunnel junctions separating adjacent particles within the matrix.
A 2GHz 13.6mW 12x9b multiplier for energy efficient FFT accelerators (2005)

Two's complement multipliers are performance and power-critical components for wireless baseband signal processing applications. Parallel clusters of multiplier, multiply-add, multiply-accumulate cores are required to perform complex filter operations in fast Fourier transform (FFT) accelerators while consuming ultra low energy/operation based on L. Clark et al. (2001). A 12 /spl times/ 9b single-cycle two's complement twiddle multiplier for FFT acceleration implemented in 90nm dual-V, CMOS technology presented in K. Kuhn et al. (2002), operating at 2GHz and consuming 13.6mW at 1.3V, 110 C is presented. Optimally tiled compressor tree architecture with radix-4 Booth encoding, arrival-profile aware completion adder and low clock power write-port flip-flop circuits enable this aggressive power-performance by achieving (i) low compressor tree fan-outs and wiring complexity, (ii) low active leakage power of 1.3mW and high noise tolerance with all high-V/sub t/ usage, (iii) scalable multiplier performance up to 2.5GHz, 33mW at 1.7V, 110/spl deg/C, and (iv) low-voltage mode multiplier performance of 35MHz, 50/spl mu/W at a supply of 300mV, 110/spl deg/C.
The effect of polarization in passive coherent beam combining of fiber lasers (2014)

A Yb-doped, dual-core, double-clad, polarization-maintaining fiber is used to demonstrate passive coherent beam combining. A homemade Dammann grating is employed as a passive beam-combining optical element. Self-phasing is observed in this laser system, where we attribute the self-phasing behavior to the Kramers-Kronig effect. We experimentally demonstrate the importance of polarization on coherent beam combining efficiency as well as on Kramers-Kronig induced self-phasing.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 86. Alkylidyne(carbaborane)molybdenum‐Gold, ‐Rhodium and ‐Iron Complexes; Crystal Structure of (NEt4) (MoFe2(μ3‐CC6H4Me‐4)(.mu±sigma.:σ′:η5‐C2B9H7Me2)(CO)8). (1989)

Abstract The alkylidyne Mo complex (III) is used to prepare compounds with bonds between Mo and Au, Rh and Fe.
[Benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine-5-yl-amines and benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine-5-yl-amines--potential antimalarials]. (2007)

The chloroimine 1a reacted with the novaldiamine-base to yield the 5-(2-methylpyrrolidinyl)-derivative 3. The 5-chloro-benzonaphthyridines 1 and 9 reacted with secondary aliphatic amines to give the amidines 5-8 and 10, while the aromatic amidines 11-14 were obtained with primary aromatic amines. Mixtures of the phenol Mannich bases 15 and 16 of the isoquine type were isolated from the aminomethylation of 13b. The amodiaquine analogues 19 and 20 were obtained from the reaction of 1b and 9a with 4-amino-2-piperidinomethyl-phenol dihydrochloride. The structure of the compounds 5a (potassium salt), 6b, 10a, 11e and 18 was proven by X-ray crystal analysis. Compounds 3, 6a-e, 7, 10a, 11a, 16, 19 and 20 were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity using a chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain. The highest activity against the sensitive strain was shown by the amodiaquine analogoue 20 with an IC50 value of 160 nM. The mixture of the isoquine derivatives 15a and 16a possessed the highest activity against the resistant strain with an IC50 value of 1100 nM.
Fear of falling and risk factors in older adults (2022)

Fear of falling is becoming the most common fear among people aged 65 and over,with a prevalence that varies within the range of 12% to 92% [1]. Monitoring the elderly's physical activity is highly recommended in order to improve their health. Several reports have demonstrated that a fall does not always result in a fear of falling, which may be caused by factors other than the fall itself[2][3]. Falls, on the other hand, and fear of falling share one feature: they are both associated with walking disorders. Falls are considered a significant risk that primarily affects the elderly. Slowness of movement, loss of motion, and balance issues are common in the elderly. In this article, we have proposed an intelligent insole system to detect falls, monitor patients’ physiological parameters, and reduce their fear of falling. Thus, the elderly will be surrounded in real time by professional clinicians working remotely to control them during their daily activities.
High growth hormone serum partially protects mice against Trypanosoma cruzi infection (2023)

Chagas disease (CD) is one of the most devasting parasitic diseases in the Americas, affecting 7–8 million people worldwide. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) serum levels decrease as CD progresses. Interestingly, inactivating mutations in the GH receptor in humans result in Laron syndrome (LS), a clinical entity characterized by increased serum levels of GH and decreased insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). The largest cohort of LS subjects lives in the southern provinces of Ecuador. Remarkably, no clinical CD cases have been reported in these individuals despite living in highly endemic areas. In the current ex vivo study, we employed serum from GHR −/− mice, also known as LS mice (a model of GH resistance with high GH and low IGF‐1 levels), and serum from bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice (high GH and IGF‐1), to test the effect on Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We infected mouse fibroblast L‐cells with T. cruzi (etiological CD infectious agent) and treated them with serum from each mouse type. Treatment with GHR −/− serum (LS mice) significantly decreased L‐cell infection by 28% compared with 48% from control wild‐type mouse serum (WT). Treatment with bGH mouse serum significantly decreased infection of cells by 41% compared with 54% from WT controls. Our results suggest that high GH and low IGF‐1 in blood circulation, as typically seen in LS individuals, confer partial protection against T. cruzi infection. This study is the first to report decreased T. cruzi infection using serum collected from two modified mouse lines with altered GH action (GHR −/− and bGH).
Advances in hybrid organic/inorganic optoelectronic integration (2004)

We report on advances in the hybrid organic/inorganic integration of passive and active optical functions. The integration approaches include chip-to-chip attach, flip-chip mounting, and insertion of films in slots formed in planar lightwave circuits. The materials integrated include polymer, silica, silicon, silicon oxynitride, lithium niobate, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, yttrium iron garnet, and neodymium iron boron. The functions enabled by the hybrid integration approaches span the range of building blocks needed in optical circuitry, while using the highest-performance material system for each function. We demonstrate high-functionality optoelectronic integrated circuits, including fully reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers and tunable optical transmitters.
Partial analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA from hepatocellular carcinoma showing negative hepatitis B virus surface antigen: an analysis of two Japanese cases. (2009)

It has been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is detected in serum and/or liver in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without HBsAg. To adress this issue, we analyzed HBV genome in 2 HCC cases without HBsAg. The DNA from serum from patients with HCC was amplified with a nested PCR, and 'a' determinant of S region, core promoter region and precore region were sequenced. The first case, a 50 years-old male, was negative for HBsAg and HBeAg, and positive for anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBc. Viral load of HBV in serum was 4.0 log genome equivalent/ml by TMA assay, and was 1.1 X 105 copy/ml by real-time PCR system. A nucleotide analysis of the common 'a' determinant of S gene showed that the 5 first amino acids of 'a' determinant, CTIPA, were changed to CKTCTTPA. The second case, a 76 years-old male, was positive for anti-HBe, but negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HBc. No missense or nonsense mutations were seen in 'a' determinant of S region. Viral load of serum HBV was < 3.7 log genome equivalent/ml by TMA assay, but was 2.4X103 copy/ml by real-time PCR system. The results of the present study suggest that the mechanisms of HBsAg loss are diverse among HCC patients without HBsAg, and that an analysis of HBV genome is a useful tool to dissolve molecular mechanisms losing HBs antigenicity.
Attenuation of internal multiples for multicomponent‐ and towed streamer data. (2004)

The attenuation of unwanted multiple energy in seismic data is a prerequisite for subsequent seismic imaging and amplitude analysis. Removal of multiples related to water column reverberations have gained much attenuation the last decades and numerous methods for handling them have been developed, whereas the internal multiples in seismic data remain a challenge. Here, the inverse scattering series is being used to propose a method for internal multiple removal using a displacement formulation of the Green's functions. the method is demonstrated on a synthetic data set with internal multiples.