gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-time codes in keyhole channels: analysis and design (2005)

The keyhole condition, where the MIMO channel has only one degree of freedom, impairs the performance of MIMO systems. In cases that this condition is likely, one may wish to design codes that are robust to this condition. So far, a general analysis of space-time codes in keyhole conditions has not been available (except in the special case of orthogonal space-time block codes). In this work, we provide pairwise error probabilities for general space-time codes in the keyhole condition. We present design criteria in high SNR, providing guidelines for codes that are robust to keyhole conditions. We also prove the intuitive result that the diversity under the keyhole condition is min(M,N), with a slightly unexpected twist in the case of M=N.
Multimodal Analyses of Stable Vitiligo Skin Identify Tissue Interactions That Control Disease Persistence (2021)

Abstract Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease that is characterized by the progressive destruction of melanocytes by autoreactive CD8 + T cells. Melanocyte destruction in active vitiligo is mediated by CD8 + T cells but why white patches in stable disease persist is poorly understood. The interaction between immune cells, melanocytes, and keratinocytes in situ in human skin has been difficult to study due to the lack of proper tools. Here, we combine non-invasive multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify distinct subpopulations of keratinocytes in lesional skin of stable vitiligo patients. We show that these keratinocytes are enriched in lesional vitiligo skin and differ in metabolism, an observation corroborated by both MPM and scRNA-seq. Systematic investigation of cell-cell communication show that CXCL is the prominent signaling change in this small population of keratinocytes, which secrete CXCL9 and CXCL10 to create local inflammatory cytokine loops with T cells to drive stable vitiligo persistence. Pseudotemporal dynamics analyses predict an alternative keratinocyte differentiation trajectory that generates this new population of keratinocytes in vitiligo skin. In summary, we couple advanced imaging with transcriptomics and bioinformatics to discover cellcell communication networks and keratinocyte cell states that perpetuate inflammation and prevent repigmentation. One Sentence Summary Communication between keratinocytes, immune cells, and melanocytes maintain depigmented patches in stable vitiligo.
Systematic Evaluation of Coagulation Factors as Targets for Anti-Thrombotic Therapy Using Antisense Technology. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 4181 Human clinical efficacy has been demonstrated with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in several disease indications, including dyslipidemia, cancer, diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Second generation ASOs show potent pharmacology in many tissues, with liver being one of the most sensitive to ASO action. As the liver is responsible for production of many of the factors involved in blood coagulation we systematically designed and evaluated ASOs selective for several members of the coagulation cascade. ASOs targeting coagulation cascade members of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway produced highly specific target knockdown in liver. An overall aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the various factors to the coagulation process as well as to assess their relative risk/benefit relationships. The “risk” component was determined by bleeding tendency as measured by blood volume loss following tail nick, and the “benefit” component was determined by antithrombotic effect following ferric chloride induced thrombosis in the inferior vena cava. We have previously reported the activity of FVII and FXI ASOs in a ferric chloride mouse model without increased bleeding risk. Here we identify additional promising new antithrombotic targets. FII and FIX ASOs were able to reduce thrombosis, but inhibition of these targets had deleterious effects on the bleeding tendency. The ASO effects on PT and aPTT will be presented. The approach used in this study will be used to further characterize targets for antithrombotic potential and determine their ability to be combined with antiplatelet therapies. In addition to the characterization of antithrombotic targets, these ASOs will be evaluated and developed as potent, selective and potentially safer human antithrombotic therapeutics. Disclosures: Crosby: Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Gao:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Zhao:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Bhattacharjee:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. May:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Zhang:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. MacLeod:Isis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Monia:Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment.
Superradiant Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (2023)

We analyze the interaction between a free electron and an ensemble of identical optical emitters. The mutual coherence and correlations between the emitters can enhance the interaction with each electron and become imprinted on its energy spectrum. We present schemes by which such collective interactions can be realized. As a possible application, we investigate free-electron interactions with superradiant systems, showing how electrons can probe the ultrafast population dynamics of superradiance.
A New MAC Protocol with Collision Resolution for OFDMA Wireless Mesh Networks (2009)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are envisaged to be a key enabling technology for next generation wireless networks. The mesh nodes form the backbone connectivity, performing the dual tasks of packet forwarding as well as providing network access to the mesh clients. In this paper we present a new MAC protocol based on a star-mesh topology, which is compatible with the IEEE 802.16e-2005 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) air interface. In this protocol, the same radio resource can be shared by neighboring cells in the WMN and collisions can be reduced in the overlapping areas. In addition, a Markov chain model is developed for analyzing this protocol operating in two overlapping cells. With this model, we analyze the performance of the uplink operating in the OFDMA mode. This new scheme resolves collisions using subcarrier allocation, thereby eliminating the need for random backoff intervals that increase latency and delay variability. As such, the scheme may be more suited for real-time traffic such as voice and video. The analytical results match very well with the simulation results. We then extend our model to a star-mesh topology with multiple overlapped regions. Simulation results show that the capacity can be improved due to the superior ability of our proposed protocol to deal with collisions in the overlapped regions.
Discovery of Clinical Candidate CEP-37440, a Selective Inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) (2016)

Analogues structurally related to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor 1 were optimized for metabolic stability. The results from this endeavor not only led to improved metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic parameters, and in vitro activity against clinically derived resistance mutations but also led to the incorporation of activity for focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK activation, via amplification and/or overexpression, is characteristic of multiple invasive solid tumors and metastasis. The discovery of the clinical stage, dual FAK/ALK inhibitor 27b, including details surrounding SAR, in vitro/in vivo pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, is reported herein.
Molecular imaging in oncology: Current impact and future directions (2021)

The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated since. That acceleration derives from the continual appearance of new and highly relevant animal models of human disease, increasingly sensitive imaging devices, high-throughput methods to discover and optimize affinity agents to key cellular targets, new ways to manipulate genetic material, and expanded use of cloud computing. Greater interest by scientists in allied fields, such as chemistry, biomedical engineering, and immunology, as well as increased attention by the pharmaceutical industry, have likewise contributed to the boom in activity in recent years. Whereas researchers and clinicians have applied molecular imaging to a variety of physiologic processes and disease states, here, the authors focus on oncology, arguably where it has made its greatest impact. The main purpose of imaging in oncology is early detection to enable interception if not prevention of full-blown disease, such as the appearance of metastases. Because biochemical changes occur before changes in anatomy, molecular imaging-particularly when combined with liquid biopsy for screening purposes-promises especially early localization of disease for optimum management. Here, the authors introduce the ways and indications in which molecular imaging can be undertaken, the tools used and under development, and near-term challenges and opportunities in oncology.
High-Accuracy Automatic Person Segmentation with Novel Spatial Saliency Map (2019)

In this work, we propose a high-efficiency person segmentation system that achieves high segmentation accuracy with a much smaller CNN network. In this approach, key-point detection annotation is incorporated for the first time and a novel spatial saliency map, in which the intensity of each pixel indicates the likelihood of forming a part of the human and reflects the distance from the body, is generated to provide more spatial information. Additionally, a lightweight automatic person segmentation network is proposed, which is small and efficient for person segmentation by leveraging atrous convolution. The experimental results prove that an image pyramid resizing augmentation can also improve efficiency. Our proposed segmentation method achieves an accuracy of 94.06% on the person segmentation dataset built in this work, which exceeds the results of previous state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and efficiency.
PULMONARY DEPOSITION OF MONODISPERSE AEROSOLS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2003)

In order to improve patient convenience and drug availability for patients with alpha 1-protease inhibitor deficiency, the administration via the inhalation route has been considered. This study investigated if it is possible to obtain high values of peripheral aerosol deposition by using optimized and controlled inhalation conditions. Therefore, peripheral deposition was studied in 10 patients with alpha 1-protease inhibitor deficiency (phenotype PiZ) and moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by measuring the 24-hour Clearance of radiolabeled inert iron oxide particles with diameters of 2 microns, 3 microns, and 4 microns. Patients inhaled a large volume of aerosol (1000 to 2000 cm3), which was normalized to the individual lung function, with a flow rate of 200 cm3/S. Due to this breathing pattern, peripheral deposition was for all particle sizes above 50% of the inhaled aerosol. The highest peripheral deposition (68%) was found for 3-microns particles.
Scalable FPGA implementation for mixed-norm LMS-LMF adaptive filters (2009)

This work proposes a scalable architecture for implementing a mixed-norm LMS-LMF adaptive algorithm using a 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic representation. The hardware scalability allows flexibility in the choice of selecting the order of the filter without redesigning the hardware. The filter also allows flexibility in using application specific sampling frequencies.
Controlling Multiple Fluorescent Signal Output in Cyclic Peptide-Based Supramolecular Systems (2007)

A multicomponent equilibrium network based on self-assembling alpha,gamma-cyclic peptides with controlled fluorescence output is described. The network takes advantage of the large association constant of alpha,gamma-cyclic peptides and the controlled formation homo- and heterodimers, making use for the first time of excimer/FRET effects in conjunction for studying complex interaction networks. In addition, we study the Dapoxyl/pyrene FRET pair for the first time.
Cross-sectional area and volume compliance of porcine left coronary arteries (2001)

We have determined the cross-sectional area (CSA) compliance of the first several generations of pig coronary arteries and the volume compliance of the coronary arterial tree (vessels >0.5 mm in diameter) using a videodensitometric technique. The coronary arteries of four KCl-arrested maximally vasodilated pig hearts were perfused with iodine and 3% Cab-O-Sil. Because Cab-O-Sil occludes small arteries, the flow can be stopped and the pressure can be maintained while the trunk of the coronary artery and its subbranches are imaged using digital angiography. The coronary arteries were preconditioned several times with cyclic changes in pressure from 0 to 160 mmHg. The pressure was then varied in a triangular pattern, and the absolute CSA of each vessel and the total arterial volume were calculated using videodensitometry in conjunction with digital subtraction angiography. Our results have shown that the pressure-diameter and pressure-volume relationships are linear in the 60-140 mmHg pressure range. Furthermore, the compliance of the coronary arteries is small; i.e., the diameter of the coronary artery changes by <15% in the 80-mmHg pressure range. The compliance data couples the mechanics of the blood vessel wall to the mechanics of blood flow to yield a pressure-flow relationship for each coronary arterial segment.
Recrystallization process and texture change of Mg–Y alloy rolled sheet (2015)

This paper reports the texture weakening associated with the characteristic recrystallization processes of cold-rolled and hot-rolled Mg–Y alloy during annealing at 400°C. After rolling, severely strained regions were formed along grain boundaries for the cold-rolled samples and across neighboring grains for the hot-rolled samples. In the severely strained regions, the cold-rolled sample showed the presence of the 〈c+a〉 dislocations, while the hot-rolled sample showed the formation of multiple twins. The results suggested that the texture weakening after annealing was due to the formation of nucleation site for recrystallization near boundaries by the high activity of the 〈c+a〉 dislocations in the cold-rolled sample. Meanwhile, in the hot-rolled sample, it was due to the formation of multiple twins which acted as the nuclei of recrystallized grains.
Data from Immuno-PET Monitoring of Lymphocytes Using the CD8-Specific Antibody REGN5054 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Assessment of immune-cell subsets within the tumor immune microenvironment is a powerful approach to better understand cancer immunotherapy responses. However, the use of biopsies to assess the tumor immune microenvironment poses challenges, including the potential for sampling error, restricted sampling over time, and inaccessibility of some tissues/organs, as well as the fact that single biopsy analyses do not reflect discordance across multiple intrapatient tumor lesions. Immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) presents a promising translational imaging approach to address the limitations and assess changes in the tumor microenvironment. We have developed &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-DFO-REGN5054, a fully human CD8A-specific antibody conjugate, to assess CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) pre- and posttherapy. We used multiple assays, including &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; viral clearance and CD8 receptor occupancy, to demonstrate that REGN5054 has minimal impact on T-cell activity. Preclinical immuno-PET studies demonstrated that &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-DFO-REGN5054 specifically detected CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in lymphoid tissues of CD8-genetically humanized immunocompetent mice (VelociT mice) and discerned therapy-induced changes in CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TILs in two models of response to a CD20xCD3 T-cell activating bispecific antibody (REGN1979, odronextamab). Toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys showed no overt toxicity, and immuno-PET imaging in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated dose-dependent clearance and specific targeting to lymphoid tissues. This work supports the clinical investigation of &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-DFO-REGN5054 to monitor T-cell responses in patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Quantum trajectory equation for multiple qubits in circuit QED: Generating entanglement by measurementThis paper was presented at the Theory CANADA 4 conference, held at Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada on 4–7 June 2008. (2009)

In this paper we derive an effective master equation and quantum trajectory equation for multiple qubits in a single resonator and in the large resonator decay limit. We show that homodyne measurement of the resonator transmission is a weak measurement of the collective qubit inversion. As an example of this result, we focus on the case of two qubits and show how this measurement can be used to generate an entangled state from an initially separable state. This is realized without relying on an entangling Hamiltonian. We show that, for current experimental values of both the decoherence and measurement rates, this approach can be used to generate highly entangled states. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that one of the Bell states is decoherence-free under Purcell decay.
Spatial Mixture Models with Learnable Deep Priors for Perceptual Grouping (2019)

Humans perceive the seemingly chaotic world in a structured and compositional way with the prerequisite of being able to segregate conceptual entities from the complex visual scenes. The mechanism of grouping basic visual elements of scenes into conceptual entities is termed as perceptual grouping. In this work, we propose a new type of spatial mixture models with learnable priors for perceptual grouping. Different from existing methods, the proposed method disentangles the attributes of an object into ``shape'' and ``appearance'' which are modeled separately by the mixture weights and the mixture components. More specifically, each object in the visual scene is fully characterized by one latent representation, which is in turn transformed into parameters of the mixture weight and the mixture component by two neural networks. The mixture weights focus on modeling spatial dependencies (i.e., shape) and the mixture components deal with intra-object variations (i.e., appearance). In addition, the background is separately modeled as a special component complementary to the foreground objects. Our extensive empirical tests on two perceptual grouping datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods under most experimental configurations. The learned conceptual entities are generalizable to novel visual scenes and insensitive to the diversity of objects. Code is available at https://github.com/jinyangyuan/learnable-deep-priors.
A Primate Model of Huntington'S Disease: Functional Neural Transplantation and Ct-Guided Stereotactic Procedures (1992)

In this article, we show that 1) computed tomographic (CT)-guided stereotactic infusion of an excitotoxin into the striatum of a nonhuman primate provides a useful neuropathologic and behavioral model for Huntington's disease. 2) High-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to image the decreased glucose utilization and the preservation of dopaminergic terminals in the lesioned striatum by using 2-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose (2FDG) and N-(C-11)-methyl-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-phenyl tropane (CPT) as tracers. 3) Transplantation of cross-species striatal fetal tissue into the lesioned caudate-putamen reduces many of the abnormal motor movements and behavioral changes seen in the Huntington's disease primate model. 4) Graft rejection results in the return of the abnormal signs of the pregrafted state. These results indicate that treatment of the neuronal deficit in Huntington's disease can involve intervention at the local neuronal circuit level. CT-guided stereotactic implantation of cells that might protect or replace this defective circuitry may eventually provide an effective treatment for Huntington's disease.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Molecular imaging using fluorescent lectins permits rapid endoscopic identification of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. (2012)

Barrett's esophagus is an example of a pre-invasive state, for which current endoscopic surveillance methods to detect dysplasia are time consuming and inadequate. The prognosis of cancer arising in Barrett's esophagus is improved by early detection at the stage of mucosal carcinoma or high-grade dysplasia. Molecular imaging methods could revolutionize the detection of dysplasia, provided they permit a wide field of view and highlight abnormalities in real time. We show here that cell-surface glycans are altered in the progression from Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma and lead to specific changes in lectin binding patterns. We chose wheat germ agglutinin as a candidate lectin with clinical potential. The binding of wheat germ agglutinin to human tissue was determined to be specific, and we validated this specific binding by successful endoscopic visualization of high-grade dysplastic lesions, which were not detectable by conventional endoscopy, with a high signal-to-background ratio of over 5. PMID: 22245781 Funding information This work was supported by: Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Department of Health, United Kingdom Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_U105365007
Supplementary Figure 3 from Local HPV Recombinant Vaccinia Boost Following Priming with an HPV DNA Vaccine Enhances Local HPV-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell–Mediated Tumor Control in the Genital Tract (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Migration of CSFE-labeled α4β7 expressing E7-specific CD8+ T cells into spleen and vagina of WT or Itgb7-/- mice&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of the Accident Rate of a Plant Equipped with an Aging Single Protective Channel by the Method of Supplementary Variables (2021)

This work calculates the reliability of protective systems of industrial facilities, such as nuclear, to analyze the case of equipment subject to aging, important in the extension of the qualified life of the facilities. By means of the method of supplementary variables, a system of partial and ordinary integral-differential equations was developed for the probabilities of a protective system of an aging channel. The system of equations was solved by finite differences. The method was validated by comparison with channel results with exponential failure times. The method of supplementary variables exhibits reasonable results for values of reliability attributes typical of industrial facilities.
High frequency low cost DC-AC inverter design with fuel cell source for home applications (2003)

This paper presents a new design of high frequency DC/AC inverter for home applications using fuel cells or photovoltaic array sources. A battery bank parallel to the DC link is provided to take care of the slow dynamic response of the source. The design is based on a push-pull DC/DC converter followed by a full-bridge PWM inverter topology. The nominal power rating is 10 kW. Actual design parameters, procedure and experimental results of a 1.5 kW prototype are provided. The objective of this paper is to explore the possibility of making renewable sources of energy utility interactive by means of low cost power electronic interface.