gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multilayer electromechanical composites with controlled piezelectric coefficient distribution</title> (1997)

We have fabricated multilayer electromechanical composites with controlled piezoelectric coefficient distributions using tape casting. Tapes of doped lead zirconate titanate were cut and stacked in accordance with their characteristic electromechanical coupling values and modulus of elasticity. This technique is an extremely versatile method to fabricate displacement actuators to fabricate monolithic ceramic parts with controlled material property gradients. To obtain a quantifiable method to optimize this type of transducer, we have devised a processing model. Given the functional distribution of the electromechanical coupling coefficient, d<SUB>31</SUB>, and the functional distribution of elastic modulus through the thickness of the transducer, the analysis predicts the displacement as a function of loading. The tape casting method coupled with the model provides an actuator that maximizes displacement and generated force for the given material properties.
Analysis and prediction of the changes in groundwater resources under heavy precipitation and ecological water replenishment (2023)

Abstract Identifying the influence of heavy precipitation and ecological water replenishment (EWR) on groundwater resources is essential for groundwater resources management and risk prevention. This study innovatively developed a groundwater resource analysis and prediction model integrated with the water level fluctuation method, correlation analysis, and machine learning method under the influence of heavy precipitation and EWR. Water level fluctuation method results showed that compared with January 1, 2021, the groundwater resources of the study area increased 4.46 × 108 m3 on August 28. Compared with small flow of EWR, heavy precipitation was the main contributor to the rise in the groundwater level. Correlation analysis found that elevation, specific yield, and permeability coefficient show positive correlations with groundwater resource recharge. Machine learning results showed that among the water level prediction models of 35 monitoring wells, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) and random forest (RF) performed best in 30 wells and five wells, respectively. The increase in groundwater storage predicted deviated from the actual value by only 0.6 × 107 m3 (prediction bias of 1.3%), indicating that the model prediction performance was good under the heavy precipitation condition. This study can help to better understand the change trend of groundwater resources under the conditions of heavy precipitation and EWR.
Involvement of Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor in Food Intake Regulation: Hyperphagia and Increased Fat Deposition in Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor-Deficient Mice (2006)

The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) as a satiety factor has been extensively documented. Although most work implies that CCK1 receptor mediates the control of food intake, a contributing role for CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) in the CCK-induced satiety cannot be totally excluded. The hypothesis that CCK2R invalidation disrupts regulatory pathways with impact on feeding behavior was examined in CCK2R(-/-) mice. CCK2R(-/-) mice developed obesity that was associated with hyperphagia. Obesity was related with increased fat deposition resulting from adipocyte hypertrophy. Expression of several adipokines was dysregulated consistently with obesity. Moreover, obesity was associated with disturbed glucose homeostasis as revealed by increased fasting glycemia and insulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatic insulin resistance in CCK2R(-/-) mice. In vitro analysis of isolated adipocytes metabolism was consistent with increased storage but preserved insulin sensitivity. Suppression of feeding and concomitant increased expression of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin after intracerebroventricular injection of gastrin into control mice demonstrates that hypothalamic CCK2 receptors mediate inhibition of food intake. Comparative analysis of hypothalamic mediator gene expression in fed knockout and control mice demonstrated overexpression of ghrelin receptors in CCK2R(-/-) mice, indicating up-regulation of orexigenic pathways. This effect was also observed after body weight normalization, indicating a causative role in the development of hyperphagia and obesity of CCK2R(-/-) mice. Our results give evidence that CCK2 receptor activity plays a contributing regulatory role in the control of food intake.
The Effect of Combined Patching and Citalopram on Visual Acuity in Adults with Amblyopia: A Randomized, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2019)

Nonhuman animal models have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can enhance plasticity within the mature visual cortex and enable recovery from amblyopia. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the SSRI citalopram combined with part-time patching of the fellow fixing eye would improve amblyopic eye visual acuity in adult humans. Following a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, participants completed two 2-week blocks of fellow fixing eye patching. One block combined patching with citalopram (20 mg/day) and the other with a placebo tablet. The blocks were separated by a 2-week washout period. The primary outcome was change in amblyopic eye visual acuity. Secondary outcomes included stereoacuity and electrophysiological measures of retinal and cortical function. Seven participants were randomized, fewer than our prespecified sample size of 20. There were no statistically significant differences in amblyopic eye visual acuity change between the active (mean ± SD change = 0.08 ± 0.16 logMAR) and the placebo (mean change = -0.01 ± 0.03 logMAR) blocks. No treatment effects were observed for any secondary outcomes. However, 3 of 7 participants experienced a 0.1 logMAR or greater improvement in amblyopic eye visual acuity in the active but not the placebo blocks. These results from a small sample suggest that larger-scale trials of SSRI treatment for adult amblyopia may be warranted. Considerations for future trials include drug dose, treatment duration, and recruitment challenges. This study was preregistered as a clinical trial (ACTRN12611000669998).
Oxidative C−C Cleavage of Ketols over Vanadium–Carbon Catalysts (2017)

Abstract The oxidation of 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone and carbohydrates to adipic acid and formic acid, respectively, was performed with a combination of a vanadium catalyst, carbon as the cocatalyst, and O 2 in water under mild conditions (353 K, 0.1–0.3 MPa). The catalytic activity of aqueous V 2 O 5 was increased significantly by the addition of activated carbon (C), whereas the addition of carbon black, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes has a much smaller effect. UV/Vis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were used to show that most V V species are adsorbed on C at least in a short reaction time. The V IV species (VO 2+ ) was not adsorbed on C. The order of activity of vanadium species was V V on C&gt;dissolved free V V ≫dissolved free V IV . To help the oxidation of V IV , the further addition of phosphomolybdate (PMo 12 O 40 3− ; PMo) was also tested, and the activity was improved. The selectivity and yield of adipic acid from 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone was also improved slightly by the addition of PMo. However, in the oxidation of glucose, the addition of PMo did not improve the final formic acid yield. The oxidation of glucose with the V+C system gave a 42 % yield of formic acid, which was comparable to the values reported with a more expensive PVMo polyoxometalate catalyst. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which the reversibly formed “biradical” state of the vanadium ketol complex reacts with O 2 and accompanying rearrangement dissociates the C−C bond.
N-glycoproteomics of brain synapses and synaptic vesicles (2023)

At mammalian neuronal synapses, synaptic vesicle (SV) glycoproteins are essential for robust neurotransmission. Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is required for delivery of the major SV glycoproteins synaptophysin and SV2A to SVs. Despite this key role for N-glycosylation, the molecular compositions of SV N-glycans are largely unknown. In this study, we combined organelle isolation techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize N-glycosylation at synapses and SVs from mouse brain. Detecting over 2,500 unique glycopeptides, we found that SVs harbor a distinct population of oligomannose and highly fucosylated N-glycans. Using complementary fluorescence methods, we identify at least one highly fucosylated N-glycan enriched in SVs compared with synaptosomes. High fucosylation was characteristic of SV proteins, plasma membrane proteins, and cell adhesion molecules with key roles in synaptic function and development. Our results define the N-glycoproteome of a specialized neuronal organelle and inform timely questions in the glycobiology of synaptic pruning and neuroinflammation.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 218 to 297 (2014)

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Local Computation: Lower and Upper Bounds (2010)

The question of what can be computed, and how efficiently, are at the core of computer science. Not surprisingly, in distributed systems and networking research, an equally fundamental question is what can be computed in a \emph{distributed} fashion. More precisely, if nodes of a network must base their decision on information in their local neighborhood only, how well can they compute or approximate a global (optimization) problem? In this paper we give the first poly-logarithmic lower bound on such local computation for (optimization) problems including minimum vertex cover, minimum (connected) dominating set, maximum matching, maximal independent set, and maximal matching. In addition we present a new distributed algorithm for solving general covering and packing linear programs. For some problems this algorithm is tight with the lower bounds, for others it is a distributed approximation scheme. Together, our lower and upper bounds establish the local computability and approximability of a large class of problems, characterizing how much local information is required to solve these tasks.
A decoder-based spike train metric for analyzing the neural code in the retina (2009)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Fabrication of 3-D cubic metamaterial unit cells with demonstrated IR magnetic resonance. (2010)

Active packaging containing natural extracts is a promising innovation to prolong the shelf life of perishable food. The objective of this work was to develop a bioactive edible film from semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and glycerol (G) as plasticizer incorporated with natural extract. Five Malaysian herbs were evaluated to determine their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. The <i>Persicaria minor</i> (PM) extract demonstrated the highest TPC (1.629 mg GAE/L sample) and radical scavenging activity evaluated by the radicals 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (27.166 mg TE/L sample), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (719.89 mg eq. Trolox/L sample) and α,α'-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (5.81 mg TE/L sample). Thus, PM extract was selected for active packaging film at concentrations of 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0% and compared with 0.4% Butylatedhydroxianisole in 2% SRC and 0.9% G film formulation. The meat patties were wrapped in the films and stored under refrigeration (4 ± 2 °C) for 14 days. The film with 2% PM exhibited significantly lower lipid deterioration analysed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and small changes in % metmyoglobin value which indicated the minimum development of brown colour (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Hence, this film can be used as a packaging material to improve meat quality characteristics.
Light-Induced Changes in Spike Synchronization between Coupled ON Direction Selective Ganglion Cells in the Mammalian Retina (2006)

Although electrical coupling via gap junctions is prevalent among ganglion cells in the vertebrate retina, there have been few direct studies of their influence on the light-evoked signaling of these cells. Here, we describe the pattern and function of coupling between the ON direction selective (DS) ganglion cells, a unique subtype whose signals are transmitted to the accessory optic system (AOS) where they initiate the optokinetic response. ON DS cells are coupled indirectly via gap junctions made with a subtype of polyaxonal amacrine cell. This coupling underlies synchronization of the spontaneous and light-evoked spike activity of neighboring ON DS cells. However, we find that ON DS cell pairs show robust synchrony for all directions of stimulus movement, except for the null direction. Null stimulus movement evokes a GABAergic inhibition that temporally shifts firing of ON DS cell neighbors, resulting in a desynchronization of spike activity. Thus, detection of null stimulus movement appears key to the direction selectivity of ON DS cells, evoking both an attenuation of spike frequency and a desynchronization of neighbors. We posit that active desynchronization reduces summation of synaptic potentials at target AOS cells and thus provides a secondary mechanism by which ON DS cell ensembles can signal direction of stimulus motion to the brain.
Macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic-induced leukocyte binding to Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae: Influence of the drug resistance status of the parasite (2019)

The macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics are the only class of drug currently used to prevent heartworm disease. Their extremely high potency in vivo is not mirrored by their activity against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in vitro, leading to suggestions that they may require host immune functions to kill the parasites. We have previously shown that ivermectin stimulates the binding of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to D. immitis microfilariae (Mf). We have now extended these studies to moxidectin and examined the ability of both drugs to stimulate canine PBMC and PMN attachment to Mf from multiple strains of D. immitis, including two that are proven to be resistant to ivermectin in vivo. Both ivermectin and moxidectin significantly increased the percentage of drug-susceptible parasites with cells attached at very low concentrations (<10 nM), but much higher concentrations of ivermectin (>100 nM) were required to increase the percentage of the two resistant strains, Yazoo-2013 and Metairie-2014, with cells attached. Moxidectin increased the percentage of the two resistant strains with cells attached at lower concentrations (<10 nM) than did ivermectin. The attachment of the PBMCs and PMNs did not result in any parasite killing in vitro. These data support the biological relevance of the drug-stimulated attachment of canine leukocytes to D. immitis Mf and suggest that this phenomenon is related to the drug resistance status of the parasites.
The changing face of digital science (2009)

The confluence of two major trends in scientific research is leading to an upheaval in standard scientific practice. A new generation of scientists, working in large-scale collaborations, is repurposing social software for use in collaborative science. Existing social tools such as chat, IM, and FriendFind are being adopted and modified for use as group problem-solving facilities. At the same time, exponentially greater and more complex datasets are being generated at a rate that is challenging the limits of current hardware, software, and human cognitive capability. A concerted effort to develop new software tools to handle this data tsunami is redefining the collaboratory and represents a new frontier for computer supported cooperative work.
Fracture Toughness and Subcritical Crack Growth of Small Crack in Silicon Nitride at Room Temperature (1995)

The effect of microstructure in silicon nitride on fracture toughness and Subcritical crack growth (SCG) behavior at room temperature was investigated. Three kinds of silicon nitride materials containing 5 mass% of Y2O3 and Al2O3 were sintered under different conditions, and they showed different microstructures. Fracture toughness of the materials was obtained by single edge precracked beam (SEPB) method and controlled surface flaw (CSF) method with Knoop indentation-crack in order to investigate the dependence of the fracture toughness on microstructure. The fracture toughness data measured by the CSF method increased with increasing crack size for all kinds of the materials. The increment of the fracture toughness per crack length was more considerable for coarser grain sizes. It can be due to stress shielding at crack tip by such toughening mechanism as crack bridging. The static fatigue behavior of the materials was investigated by the dynamic fatigue technique at room temperature. The fatigue parameter n in SCG model (da/dt=AKIn) increased with increasing as fracture toughness and grain size increased. Based on stress shielding model at crack tip, the fatigue crack growth parameters in SCG model were calculated. The predicted value agreed to the experimental results.
Ice Burn: Protecting the Flank During Renal Cryotherapy (2010)

A 14-gauge angiocatheter may provide some insulation and thereby might help protect against "ice burn" during renal cryotherapy.
Image Steganalysis Based on Statistical Moments of Wavelet Subband Histograms in Different Frequencies and Support Vector Machine (2007)

This paper proposed a new image steganalysis scheme based on statistical moments of histogram of multi-level wavelet subbands in frequency domain. Different frequencies of histogram have different sensitivity to various data embedding. Then we decompose the test image using three-level Haar discrete wavelet transform (DWT) into 13 subbands (here the image itself is considered as the LLO subband). The DFT of each subband, is calculated. It is divided into low and high frequency bands. The first three statistical moments of each band are selected to form a 78-dimensional feature vector for Steganalysis. Support vector machines (SVM) classifier is then used to discriminate between stego- images and innocent images. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms previously existing techniques.
DTC-and-Me: Patient, Provider, Proteins and Regulators (2014)

The yet-unrealized potential for more "personalized" Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) tests to fundamentally alter the practice and economics of healthcare is undeniable. However, there are also many challenges to be met, including the herculean task of ensuring that the information provided by such tests is scientifically sound and, ideally, medically actionable. We consider recent events in DTC testing and suggest a "thought experiment" of an approach that could ultimately meet the needs of patients, providers and regulatory authorities.
Synthesis of Novel Fluorene-Based Poly(iminoarylene)s and Their Application to Buffer Layer in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2002)

The fluorene-based poly(iminoarylene)s with triarylamine unit were simply synthesized from palladium-catalyzed polycondensation of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-di-n-alkyllfluorene with primary amines such as aniline and p-toluidine. The polymers with high molecular weight were obtained and were thermally stable. The HOMO levels of the polymers (∼−5.1 eV) were close to the work function of ITO. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) of the form ITO/polymer/TPD/Alq3/LiF/Al showed lower turn-on voltage (VT = 2.2 V), the enhanced efficiency, and the higher maximum luminance at the higher current density (PFA1: 12 370 cd/m2 at 427 mA/cm2) than those of the device without polymer (VT = 3.6 V, 5790 cd/m2 at 233 mA/cm2). It is expected that these polymers can be used as a buffer layer in OLEDs.
AnyLight (2016)

In this paper we describe AnyLight, a lighting device that uses computational light fields to offer highly programmable illumination for architectural environments. Relying on integral imaging--a technique commonly used to realize stereoscopic 3D displays--AnyLight can mimic the illumination effects of various light sources, both real and imagined. A combination of high-output, narrow-beam LED backlight and custom, 3D printed optics give the device the capacity to shoot out strong, targeted light rays from its surface in arbitrary directions. The paper will provide extensive discussions covering the device's technical details, usage scenarios, and possibilities for future extensions; quantitative and qualitative results from our initial evaluation sessions will be reported as well.
Dual cure solventless coating process. Phase 1, Final report (1992)

The objective is to determine the feasibility of using the Dual Cure Photocatalyst technology for reduction of gaseous waste emissions through the minimization of coating solvent use. This is to be accomplished by developing a photocuring technology that would allow the use of solvent free (100% solids) formulations while preserving or improving upon the performance of conventional solvent based materials. Four Dual Cure Photocatalyst systems and one conventional catalyst system were investigated for use in curing combinations of epoxies with acrylates and acrylates with polyurethane precursors (polyol/polyisocyanate mixtures). Photocatalyst screening results showed that Dual Cure Photocatalyst Systems based upon cationic organometallic compounds alone or in combination with free radical photoinitiators or oxidants provide significantly better processing performance than systems based upon conventional catalysts or neutral organometallic compounds in combination with oxidants. Mechanical testing of materials prepared with the five catalyst systems showed that: (1) Dual Cure compositions can produce materials with better properties than the component parts and (2) Compositions cured with Dual Cure Photocatalysts produce materials superior to those cured with conventional catalyst systems in a number of cases. Cost, economic and energy analyses are presented based upon laboratory scale coating and curing studies.
Survey and analysis of underwater acoustic channels for coherent communication in the medium-frequency band (2002)

A comprehensive set of acoustic communication data is analyzed using a complete receiver algorithm which includes a Doppler pre-processor, equalizer configuration algorithm and the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The signal used for the tests is 1250 symbol per second QPSK (2500 bps) transmitted at a carrier of 2.25 kHz. Source-receiver ranges of up to 44 km were achieved at this data rate. The test environments include the New England Continental Shelf (less than 200 m), the shelf break (200-1200 m) and deep water (2500 m). In each environment the impulse response, the ambiguity function and the performance level of the receiver are presented. The link was very reliable to the maximum test range of 44 km on the shelf and to 20 km at the shelf break. In deep water the performance was good at less than 10 km and also at 35-44 km.
Estimated generic prices for novel treatments for drug-resistant tuberculosis (2016)

Competitive large-scale generic manufacture could allow supplies of treatment for 5-10 times more MDR-TB cases within current procurement budgets.