gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules (2021)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A new Modular Multilevel Converter with Interleaved half-bridge Sub-Modules (ISM-MMC) is proposed in this paper. The ISM-MMC exhibits a higher modularity and scalability in terms of current ratings with respect to a conventional MMC, while preserves the typical voltage level adaptiveness. The ISM-MMC brings the known advantages of classical MMC to low-voltage, high-current applications making it a novel candidate for the sector of ultra-fast chargers for all types of electrical vehicles (EV). This advanced topology makes it possible to easily reach charging power of the EV charging system up to 4.5 MW and beyond with low-voltage supply. To operate the new converter, a hybrid modulation scheme that helps to exploit advantages of the interleaving scheme, is implemented, and explained in this paper. It has been verified that the typical MMC control methods are still applicable for ISM-MMC. A comparative study between classical MMC and ISM-MMC configurations in terms of output characteristics and efficiency is also given. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the number of ac voltage levels is synthetically multiplied by the number of interleaved half-bridge legs in submodules. Numerical simulations and Hardware-in-the-Loop tests are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed topology and implemented modulation scheme.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
First Principles Evolutionary Search for New Electrides along the Dimensionality of Anionic Electrons (2017)

We propose a unique strategy based on the dimensionality of anionic electrons for new inorganic electride search. We adopted strontium phosphide as the initiator for the evolutionary search, and our evolutionary calculations combined with experimental synthesis found the Sr5P3 is a new one-dimensional electride.
Multi-Input Observer for Estimation of Compressor Flow (2013)

This paper presents a formulation and an application of a high-gain multi-input observer to estimate the compressor flow in turbocharged gasoline engines. Such an observer is desired in vehicles lacking a mass air flow sensor yet in which compressor flow needs to be known; for instance, it is desired in order to apply a reference governor for surge constraint avoidance. In this application, a fast estimate of the compressor flow is required so that the reference governor can take action before the compressor goes into surge. The multi-input observer uses pressure measurements and cylinder flow to estimate the compressor flow. This paper presents the derivation of the observer and both simulation and experimental results showing its feasibility in estimating the compressor flow.
Comparative Genomics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strains Ty2 and CT18 (2003)

We present the 4.8-Mb complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty2, a human-specific pathogen causing typhoid fever. A comparison with the genome sequence of recently isolated S. enterica serovar Typhi strain CT18 showed that 29 of the 4,646 predicted genes in Ty2 are unique to this strain, while 84 genes are unique to CT18. Both genomes contain more than 200 pseudogenes; 9 of these genes in CT18 are intact in Ty2, while 11 intact CT18 genes are pseudogenes in Ty2. A half-genome interreplichore inversion in Ty2 relative to CT18 was confirmed. The two strains exhibit differences in prophages, insertion sequences, and island structures. While CT18 carries two plasmids, one conferring multiple drug resistance, Ty2 has no plasmids and is sensitive to antibiotics.
Measurement of the properties of a Higgs boson in the four-lepton final state (2014)

Measurement of the properties of a Higgs boson in the four-lepton final state S. Chatrchyan et al.
Assessment of a radiative heat transfer model for a new gas turbine combustor preliminary design tool (1997)

Preliminary gas turbine combustor design presents a challenging process of analytical analysis and rig testing. The objective of this work is the development of a versatile radiation model for an existing preliminary gas turbine combustor design tool, able to model all conceivable combustor types. A network approach forms the basis of the design solution algorithm, dividing the domain into a number of independent semi-empirical interconnected subsections. A pressure-correction scheme solves the continuity equation and a pressure-drop/flow-rate relationship. A full conjugate heat transfer analysis allows the calculation of flametube heat loss. Radiation represents the most difficult mode of heat transfer to simulate in the combustor environment. A discrete transfer radiation model is developed and validated for use within the network solver. The effect of the new radiation model on the prediction of liner wall temperature is evaluated in an annular gas turbine combustor. The importance of radial distributions of temperature and soot are evaluated by examining the flametube wall heat transfer mechanism.
Universal AC input high density power adapter design with a Clamped Series Resonant Converter (2015)

In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of a high density laptop adapter with a Clamped Series Resonant Converter (CSRC), as a possible alternative to traditional Flyback converters for power adapters in portable electronics. The target is to design for universal AC input up to a power of 100 W with power density of 6-7 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The converter is frequency controlled, and all switches exhibit Zero-Current Switching (ZCS). In this paper, we show that by utilizing the magnetizing inductance, the converter can be tuned for Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS), and by adding a switched capacitor circuit to extend the input voltage range, we can realize a very compact design that is suitable for power adapters with or without power factor correction. Low transformer stresses compared to Flyback type designs enable high densities, even with a resonant magnetic. Prototype test results with a 45 W laptop adapter are presented. Our initial testing with diode rectification indicated very good efficiency. Versions with synchronous rectification promise higher efficiencies by at least 1%, which will be ideal for energy saving low power devices.
Critical Assessment of CO2 Solubility in Volatile Solvents at 298.15 K (2011)

Fifteen different low molar mass compounds are assessed as CO2 solvents based on bubble-point loci on the solvent-rich end (0.6 to 1.0 solvent wt fraction) of the CO2-solvent pressure−composition diagram at 298.15 K. Four of the five best solvents (in descending order of solvent strength on a mass fraction CO2 dissolved basis), acetone, methyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, and 2-methoxyethyl acetate, are oxygen-rich, low molar mass species possessing one or more oxygen atoms in carbonyl, ether, and/or acetate groups that can interact favorably with CO2 via Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions. Methanol, a very low molar mass solvent, is comparable to 1,4-dioxane in solvent strength. The remaining solvents, in descending order of solvent strength on a mass basis, include 2-nitropropane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetylacetone, 1-nitropropane, iso-octane, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, N-formylmorpholine, propylene carbonate, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, and N-tert-butylformamide. When compared on a molar basis, each of the six best CO2 solvents, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, and acetyl acetone, is rich in CO2-philic ether or carbonyl oxygen atoms. Methanol, which possesses a CO2-phobic hydroxyl group, is the worst CO2 solvent. COSMOtherm accurately predicted the relative solvent strengths of eight of the solvents that contain carbonyl, acetate, ether, and carbonate groups. However, COSMOtherm was not able to predict the correct ordering of solvents possessing hydroxyl, nitro-, amide, secondary amine, and tertiary amine groups. This important failure of the COSMOtherm approach for these molecules is apparently due to problems with the COSMO-RS parametrization.
Wood xerogel for fabrication of high-performance transparent wood (2023)

Optically transparent wood has been fabricated by structure-retaining delignification of wood and subsequent infiltration of thermo- or photocurable polymer resins but still limited by the intrinsic low mesopore volume of the delignified wood. Here we report a facile approach to fabricate strong transparent wood composites using the wood xerogel which allows solvent-free infiltration of resin monomers into the wood cell wall under ambient conditions. The wood xerogel with high specific surface area (260 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) and high mesopore volume (0.37 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) is prepared by evaporative drying of delignified wood comprising fibrillated cell walls at ambient pressure. The mesoporous wood xerogel is compressible in the transverse direction and provides precise control of the microstructure, wood volume fraction, and mechanical properties for the transparent wood composites without compromising the optical transmittance. Transparent wood composites of large size and high wood volume fraction (50%) are successfully prepared, demonstrating potential scalability of the method.
Portable Fuel Quality Analyzer (2014)

Abstract : The overall goal of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) proposed program (through Phase III) is to develop a novel Portable Fuel Quality Analyzer (PFQA) capable of identifying diesel or jet fuels and predicting their performance properties. The Phase I program measured approximately 100 fuels using both dispersive and Fourier Transform near-infrared analyzers. These analyzers measured the vibrational modes of the chemical composition of the fuels. This chemical information can be used to identify fuel type and determine performance properties. The Phase I measurements identified the best spectral resolution, spectral region, and sample path length to differentiate between diesel and jet fuels, as well as to determine cetane index density, distillation values, flash point, and viscosity. This information will be used to design a prototype during the Phase I Option, which will be built and tested in the Phase II Program. The goal of the Phase II program will be to evaluate the ability of two prototype PFQAs to identify diesel or jet fuels and predict their properties. This will be accomplished by building the prototypes, measuring 600 fuel samples, developing and testing comprehensive chemometric models, performing environmental tests, delivering the prototypes with user friendly software, and providing training to U.S. Army personnel. The PFQA will allow Army personnel to quickly determine fuel quality in the field, such as at the point of use. The PFQA can be widely used by all DoD personnel who require rapid analysis of fuel quality. The PFQA also will have dual-use capabilities at major airports and seaports to rapidly check fuel quality; in other transportation industries, such as trucking; and in fuel blending operations performed at petroleum, ethanol, and biodiesel plants.
Transformation, reaction and organization of functional nanostructures using solution-based microreactor-assisted nanomaterial deposition for solar photovoltaics (2022)

Abstract Microreactor-Assisted Nanomaterial Deposition (MAND) process offers unique capabilities in achieving large size and shape control levels while providing a more rapid path for scaling via process intensification for nanomaterial production. This review highlights the application of continuous flow microreactors to synthesize, assemble, transform, and deposit nanostructured materials for Solar Photovoltaics, the capabilities of MAND in the field, and the potential outlook of MAND . Microreactor-Assisted Nanomaterial Deposition (MAND) is a promising technology that synthesizes reactive fluxes and nanomaterials to deposit nanostructured materials at the point of use. MAND offers precise control over reaction, organization, and transformation processes to manufacture nanostructured materials with distinct morphologies, structures, and properties. In synthesis, microreactor technology offers large surface-area-to-volume ratios within microchannel structures to accelerate heat and mass transport. This accelerated transport allows for rapid changes in reaction temperatures and concentrations, leading to more uniform heating and mixing in the deposition process. The possibility of synthesizing nanomaterials in the required volumes at the point of application eliminates the need to store and transport potentially hazardous materials. Further, MAND provides new opportunities for tailoring novel nanostructures and nano-shaped features, opening the opportunity to assemble unique nanostructures and nanostructured thin films. MAND processes control the heat transfer, mass transfer, and reaction kinetics using well-defined microstructures of the active unit reactor cell that can be replicated at larger scales to produce higher chemical production volumes. This critical feature opens a promising avenue in developing scalable nanomanufacturing. This paper reviews advances in microreactor-assisted nanomaterial deposition of nanostructured materials for solar photovoltaics. The discussions review the use of microreactors to tailor the reacting flux, transporting to substrate surfaces via controlling process parameters such as flow rates, pH of the precursor solutions, and seed layers on the formation and/or transformation of intermediary reactive molecules, nanoclusters, nanoparticles, and structured assemblies. In the end, the review discusses the use of an industrial scale MAND to apply anti-reflective and anti-soiling coatings on the solar modules in the field and details future outlooks of MAND reactors. Graphical abstract
Influence of Shape on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Tungsten Bronze Nanocrystals (2014)

Localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena have recently been investigated in unconventional plasmonic materials such as metal oxide and chalcogenide semiconductors doped with high concentrations of free carriers. We synthesize colloidal nanocrystals of CsxWO3, a tungsten bronze in which electronic charge carriers are introduced by interstitial doping. By using varying ratios of oleylamine to oleic acid, we synthesize three distinct shapes of these nanocrystals—hexagonal prisms, truncated cubes, and pseudospheres—which exhibit strongly shape-dependent absorption features in the near-infrared region. We rationalize these differences by noting that lower symmetry shapes correlate with sharper plasmon resonance features and more distinct resonance peaks. The plasmon peak positions also shift systematically with size and with the dielectric constant of the surrounding media, reminiscent of typical properties of plasmonic metal nanoparticles.
Synthesis and properties of a novel structure of phosphated superplasticizer (2019)

In this work, a novel structure of phosphated superplasticizer (PNH) prepared by Mannich reaction of polyetheramine, phosphorous acid and formaldehyde was reported. Results of cement paste test indicated that PNH superplasticizer exhibits excellent fluidity retention and retarding properties. The PNH superplasticizer also showed better clay tolerance than polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), as the slump flow decreased by 7.20% and 18.22% when 0.5% and 1.0% of montmorillonite were added respectively, while the slump flows of PCE superplasticizer decreased by 29.18% and 67.81% respectively. Adsorption isotherms and conductivity measurements indicated that phosphate group with two negative charges can coordinate with more Ca2+, which enables its complexation and adsorption capacity much stronger than carboxylic group. Setting time analysis and isothermal calorimetry measurements demonstrated that PNH superplasticizer using phosphate as adsorption group has an obvious retarding ability as it could delay hydration process and reduce hydration heat. Although the phosphated superplasticizers showed a lower dispersion ability, comparing with PCE superplasticizer, the special structure and properties provide the potential to explore new kind of superplasticizers in the future.
Single-Pulse Two-dimensional Raman Spectroscopy (2015)

We present a single-pulse two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy scheme. Our scheme offers not only a major simplification of the conventional setup but also an inherent favoring of the direct fifth-order signal over the cascaded signal, the latter being a signal that carries no coupling information.
Effects of a mixture of pharmaceuticals in a freshwater model ecosystem (2018)

Owing to their ecological importance, freshwaters provide important services which leads to a strong societal demand concerning the preservation of their quality. They are the receptors of many contaminants emitted by human activities and more specifically by wastewater treatment plants effluents. Water resources of the Meuse watershed are used on both sides of the French-Belgian border which involves a coherent and joint management. In that framework, the DIADeM project suggests developing and spreading out a cross-border multidisciplinary approach to improve the diagnosis and the chemical and biological (biomarkers) monitoring of freshwaters using the Meuse river as a case study. In the past, results from chemical surface water monitoring of the Meuse has revealed the occurrence of numerous substances and more particularly pharmaceuticals. Overall, the project suggests coupling chemical and biomarkers analysis on caged organisms (a crustacean, a mollusk, a moss and a fish species) with predictive mathematical population level models. In order to calibrate and validate these models, a lotic mesocosm experiment was set up. Five substances were chosen: diclofenac, carbamazepine, naproxen, paracetamol and irbesartan. An environmental realistic mixture M of the five substances was tested along with MX10 and MX100. The study was carried out in twelve 20 m long lotic channels. The mesocosms were set up with artificial sediments, macrophytes, periphyton, benthic and pelagic invertebrates, decomposers and one fish species (Gasterosteus aculeatus), zebra mussels, Fontinalis antipyretica and Gammarus fossarum were also caged in the mesocosms. After 3 months of stabilization, treatment lasted 5 months. Periphyton biomass, macrophyte biovolume, zebra mussel biomarkers and growth, G. fossarum survival, reproduction and growth, F. antipyretica biomarkers and growth, zooplankton and invertebrate abundance and diversity, and fish individual physiological responses along with population dynamics were the main measured biological endpoints. The concentrations of each substance in water was monitored monthly along with some physico-chemical parameters. The overall experimental design will be presented along with the results related to the monitoring of substance concentrations in water, physico-chemical parameters, macrophyte biovolume, invertebrate community response, fish larvae densities. A brief discussion of the direct and/or indirect effects will then be performed.
TiSA: TimeSeriesAnalysis—a pipeline for the analysis of longitudinal transcriptomics data (2023)

Improved transcriptomic sequencing technologies now make it possible to perform longitudinal experiments, thus generating a large amount of data. Currently, there are no dedicated or comprehensive methods for the analysis of these experiments. In this article, we describe our TimeSeries Analysis pipeline (TiSA) which combines differential gene expression, clustering based on recursive thresholding, and a functional enrichment analysis. Differential gene expression is performed for both the temporal and conditional axes. Clustering is performed on the identified differentially expressed genes, with each cluster being evaluated using a functional enrichment analysis. We show that TiSA can be used to analyse longitudinal transcriptomic data from both microarrays and RNA-seq, as well as small, large, and/or datasets with missing data points. The tested datasets ranged in complexity, some originating from cell lines while another was from a longitudinal experiment of severity in COVID-19 patients. We have also included custom figures to aid with the biological interpretation of the data, these plots include Principal Component Analyses, Multi Dimensional Scaling plots, functional enrichment dotplots, trajectory plots, and complex heatmaps showing the broad overview of results. To date, TiSA is the first pipeline to provide an easy solution to the analysis of longitudinal transcriptomics experiments.
Testing transverse strain to failure in laminates (1994)

Unidirectional transverse tension data are unrelated to cross-ply laminate cracking strains. Instead, a new hybrid laminate test is proposed. Five toughened carbon fiber/epoxy materials were sandwi ...
A 17.5-to-20.94GHz and 35-to-41.88GHz PLL in 65nm CMOS for wireless HD applications (2010)

This work shows a complete PLL that is integrated in standard industrial 65nm CMOS technology. This frequency synthesizer is fully compliant with IEEE 802.15.3c normalization [1–4]. This PLL delivers a quadrature LO signal around 20GHz and a differential LO signal around 40GHz and has 17.9% tuning range. The wide tuning range of 17.9% permits to cover the full IEEE 802.15.3c band with industrial margin. The phase noise is −100dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset and the total power dissipation is only 80mW including the output buffers and amplifiers. Short-range wireless multi-Gb/sec communication systems use the mm-wave band of 57GHz to 66GHz, according to the IEEE 802.15.3c normalization. The frequency synthesis is one of the key elements for these transceivers. Indeed, one must take into account the antagonist tradeoff between large band tuning range of the frequency synthesizer and phase noise performance. In transceivers using super-heterodyne architecture with double conversion, the frequency synthesizer signal fLO can be equal to 2fRF /3 and fRF /3. In this case, to cover the four channels of the IEEE 802.15.3c normalization, the frequency synthesizer has to deliver a first local oscillator (LO) signal between 19.44GHz and 21.6GHz and a second LO signal between 38.88GHz and 43.2GHz, respectively. This architecture offers a good trade off between the required large frequency tuning range (≫15%) and low phase noise (≪−95dBc/Hz).
Discovery of catalytically active orthologues of the Parkinson's disease kinase PINK1: analysis of substrate specificity and impact of mutations (2011)

Missense mutations of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) gene cause autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease. To date, little is known about the intrinsic catalytic properties of PINK1 since the human enzyme displays such low kinase activity in vitro. We have discovered that, in contrast to mammalian PINK1, insect orthologues of PINK1 we have investigated-namely Drosophila melanogaster (dPINK1), Tribolium castaneum (TcPINK1) and Pediculus humanus corporis (PhcPINK1)-are active as judged by their ability to phosphorylate the generic substrate myelin basic protein. We have exploited the most active orthologue, TcPINK1, to assess its substrate specificity and elaborated a peptide substrate (PINKtide, KKWIpYRRSPRRR) that can be employed to quantify PINK1 kinase activity. Analysis of PINKtide variants reveal that PINK1 phosphorylates serine or threonine, but not tyrosine, and we show that PINK1 exhibits a preference for a proline at the +1 position relative to the phosphorylation site. We have also, for the first time, been able to investigate the effect of Parkinson's disease-associated PINK1 missense mutations, and found that nearly all those located within the kinase domain, as well as the C-terminal non-catalytic region, markedly suppress kinase activity. This emphasizes the crucial importance of PINK1 kinase activity in preventing the development of Parkinson's disease. Our findings will aid future studies aimed at understanding how the activity of PINK1 is regulated and the identification of physiological substrates.