gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proximity of the Lateral Talar Process to the Lateral Stabilizing Ligaments of the Ankle and Subtalar Joint (2007)

Familiarity with these anatomic relationships may help guide the clinical treatment of lateral talar process fractures.
Minimally Hydrated Arrays of Acidic Surface Groups as Model Systems for Interfacial Dymanics in Fuel Cell Membranes (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Beiträge zur Entwicklung von Metathesekatalysatoren und Synthese von (- )-Lasubin II (2005)

Die in den letzten Jahren erzielten Fortschritte der Olefinmetathese in der Organischen Synthesechemie können größtenteils der Entwicklung der wohl definierten, homogenen Rutheniumkatalysatoren 5 und 8 zugeschrieben werden. Der Ersatz eines Phosphinliganden in diesen Rutheniumkomplexen durch eine chelatisierende Isopropoxygruppe am Benzylidenliganden führt zu den Metathesekatalysatoren 10 und 11. Diese weisen neben speziellen Reaktivitätsprofilen eine hohe Stabilität gegenüber Sauerstoff und Wasser auf und können nach der Metathesereaktion durch Säulenchromatographie reisoliert werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine kleine Bibliothek zu 10 und 11 analoger Metathesekatalysatoren mit modifizierten ortho-Isopropoxybenzylidenliganden synthetisiert. In einer systematischen Studie wurden sowohl die sterischen als auch die elektronischen Effekte der Liganden auf die Effizienz der gewonnenen Präkatalysatoren untersucht. Eine sterische Modifizierung des Liganden, dass heißt die Einführung eines Substituenten in ortho-Position zur chelatisierenden Isopropoxygruppe, führte zu Metatheseinitiatoren mit einer drastisch gesteigerten Effizienz. Die elektronischen Effekte wurden über die Hammett-Konstanten der in meta- und/oder para-Position eingebrachten Substituenten interpretiert. Auf diese Weise gelang eine separate Einschätzung der Bedeutung der veränderten Elektronendichte an der Benzylidenposition und/oder am chelatisierenden Sauerstoff. In einer weiteren Studie stellte sich heraus, dass die Präkatalysatoren mit einem ortho Isopropoxybenzylidenliganden 10 und 11 im Vergleich zu ihren analogen Grubbs-Katalysatoren 5 und 8 höhere Metatheseaktivitäten aufweisen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zu den Reaktionsmechanismen zeigten, dass die Aktivität eines Präkatalysators dabei durch die Stabilität und die gelieferte Konzentration der katalytisch aktiven Spezies bestimmt wird. In der stereoselektiven Synthese des Chinolizidinalkaloids ( )-Lasubin II konnte das hohe Synthesepotential verschiedener Metathesereaktionen genutzt werden. Neben der mittlerweile etablierten RRM zum Aufbau chiralen N-Heterocyclen wurde die CM als sehr effiziente Methode zur stereoselektiven Darstellung a,b ungesättigter Ketone genutzt. Zudem gelang es diese separaten Metathesereaktionen zu einer neuartigen Tandemmetathese zu kombinieren. Diese RRM/CM bietet die Möglichkeit ausgehend von leicht zugänglichen Carbocyclen hochfunktionalisierte N-Heterocyclen in einem Syntheseschritt aufzubauen.
Estimation of uncertainty bounds for individual particle image velocimetry measurements from cross-correlation peak ratio (2013)

Numerous studies have established firmly that particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a robust method for non-invasive, quantitative measurements of fluid velocity, and that when carefully conducted, typical measurements can accurately detect displacements in digital images with a resolution well below a single pixel (in some cases well below a hundredth of a pixel). However, to date, these estimates have only been able to provide guidance on the expected error for an average measurement under specific image quality and flow conditions. This paper demonstrates a new method for estimating the uncertainty bounds to within a given confidence interval for a specific, individual measurement. Here, cross-correlation peak ratio, the ratio of primary to secondary peak height, is shown to correlate strongly with the range of observed error values for a given measurement, regardless of flow condition or image quality. This relationship is significantly stronger for phase-only generalized cross-correlation PIV processing, while the standard correlation approach showed weaker performance. Using an analytical model of the relationship derived from synthetic data sets, the uncertainty bounds at a 95% confidence interval are then computed for several artificial and experimental flow fields, and the resulting errors are shown to match closely to the predicted uncertainties. While this method stops short of being able to predict the true error for a given measurement, knowledge of the uncertainty level for a PIV experiment should provide great benefits when applying the results of PIV analysis to engineering design studies and computational fluid dynamics validation efforts. Moreover, this approach is exceptionally simple to implement and requires negligible additional computational cost.
Improved upper bounds for codes with unequal error protection (2006)

Asymptotic nonexistence bounds for unequal error protecting codes with two protection levels are considered. We show that the improved estimates on the possible distance distributions for codes may sometimes yield sharper upper bounds than the previously known ones on the higher significance protection level of both nonlinear and linear codes having two protection levels.
Charge Segregation Depends on Particle Size in Triboelectrically Charged Granular Materials (2009)

Experiments are carried out to examine triboelectric charging in granular systems composed of particles that are chemically identical but differ in size. A methodology is developed so that only particle-particle interactions (but not particle-wall interactions) contribute to the charging. Since all particles are chemically identical, there is no apparent driving force for charge transfer, but charging occurs nonetheless, such that smaller particles tend to charge negatively while larger particles tend to charge positively. For bimodal systems, a model for the frequency of collisions of particles with different size predicts the concentrations for which the observed charge segregation is maximized.
Expanding Bromodomain Targeting into Neglected Parasitic Diseases (2021)

This Perspective discusses the published data and recent developments in the research area of bromodomains in parasitic protozoa. Further work is needed to evaluate the tractability of this target class in the context of infectious diseases and launch drug discovery campaigns to identify and develop antiparasite drugs that can offer differentiated mechanisms of action.
Crystalline Phase Reduction of Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) Nanoparticles Accompanied by a Morphology Change during Ethanol-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis (2009)

Metallic copper nanoparticles are produced by spray pyrolysis of copper nitrates with an addition of ethanol as cosolvent at 600 degrees C. Depending on the synthesis temperature, two interesting reaction pathways are found: below 525 degrees C, approximately 10% of hollow Cu(2)O parent particles are oxidized to CuO and then reduced to Cu, but at higher temperature, the remaining Cu(2)O takes a direct path to Cu, accompanied by a morphology change. These interesting reaction regimes are discussed in the aspects of phase-transformation kinetics, gas-phase and solid-phase thermodynamics, force balance, and their possible influences on structural instability. Experimental observations are fairly consistent with the predictions by the present models.
Interposing of Microelectronics by Micro Transfer Printing to Create 3-D Structures (2020)

Micro transfer printing (μTP) is a useful method for heterogenous integration of micro-scale devices but typically requires additional electrical interconnection of devices following print. In this paper, the concept of interconnect at print is explored and a stacked configuration demonstrating electrical interconnection of 3-D micrometer scale electrical devices is shown. Structures that are 45μm by 25μm consisting of four metallized spikes on the bottom and recessed pyramids at the top are stacked, probed, and shown to illuminate light demonstrating their electrical interconnection from print.
Differential motion vector coding for scalable coding (2003)

Motion compensated wavelet video coding provides very high coding efficiency while enabling spatio-temporal-SNR-complexity scalability. Besides the high degree of adaptabitility, the inherent data prioritization leads to increased robustness in conjunction with unequal error protection (UEP) schemes, and improved error concealment. Hence, motion compensated wavelet video coding schemes are generating great interest for wireless video streaming. Such schemes use motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) to remove temporal redundancy. Many extensions to conventional MCTF schemes, that increase the flexibility and the coding efficiency, have been proposed. However these extensions require the coding of additional sets of motion vectors. In this paper, we first define a redundancy factor to identify the additional number of motion vectors that need to be coded with such schemes. We then propose to exploit the temporal correlations between motion vectors to code and estimate them efficiently. We use prediction to reduce the bits needed to code motion vectors. We describe two prediction methods, and highlight the advantages of each scheme. We also use MV prediction during motion estimation, i.e. change the search center and the search range based on the prediction, and describe the tradeoffs to be made between rate, distortion, and complexity. We perform several experiments to illustrate the gains of using temporal prediction, and identify the content dependent nature of results.
Portable impedance measurement device for sweat based glucose detection (2017)

The future of disease diagnostics and health care wearables lies in the development of low-cost sensors that can detect minute traces of pathogens or antigens from body fluids. Developments in nanotechnology and biomedical research have already shown us that a nanosensor can be specifically tailored to detect a specific biomolecule. These sensors would allow patients to run point of care diagnostic tests, thereby saving time and cost of running clinical tests and can give early stage disease diagnosis and help physicians to provide personalized treatment. This work involves the development of a configurable electronic sensor platform that will interface with these sensors. The device is tested by quantification of glucose from sweat using a nanosensor developed in the Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Lab in the University of Texas at Dallas. The platform can be easily configured to run Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy based detection test for other biomolecules by using sensor tailored for it.
Abstract 1855: SCT methylation is a potential cancer biomarker for lung cancer (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To validate SCT (secretin) methylation as a potential cancer biomarker for lung cancer. Background: There is an urgent need for specific and sensitive biomarkers for lung cancer. The human secretin (SCT) gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5 and encodes the precursor gene of secretin, an endocrine hormone. From analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas methylation array data, we (XM and MQZ) observed that the exon 1 promoter region of SCT gene is differentially hypermethylated in lung cancer (unpublished). These observations led us to further validate whether SCT methylation can be a useful cancer biomarker for lung cancer. Methods/Results: (1). We designed a novel nested PCR assay for SCT bisulfite sequencing of the promoter and exon 1 region of SCT. Bisulfite sequencing showed that SCT was fully methylated in nearly all CpG sites examined in 10 lung cancer cell lines, whereas SCT was non-methylated in 11 normal WBC blood cells. Accordingly we designed a semi-quantitative SCT qMSP assay. (2). We applied SCT qMSP on genomic DNA from frozen tissues of 131 lung tumors and 65 non-malignant adjacent lung tissues (53 paired). The level of SCT methylation was significantly higher (&amp;gt;24 fold) in all 111 malignant lung tumors (64 adenocarcinomas, 19 squamous cell carcinomas, 12 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 16 NSCLC-other type), as compared to 65 non-malignant adjacent lung tissues. The high SCT methylation was further confirmed in malignant lung tumor formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues samples (8 pairs tested). SCT methylation distinguishes malignant lung from non-malignant adjacent lung with area under curve (AUC) score of 0.92 (p&amp;lt;0.0001). (3). Interestingly, SCT hypermethylation does not significantly distinguishes low grade lung carcinoids tumors (n=20) from non-malignant adjacent lung with AUC score of 0.54 (p=0.5759). (4). Nearly full SCT methylation was detected in lung cancer cell lines (n=27) as compared to absent or lower levels of SCT methylation in immortalized human respiratory cell lines (n=38). Conclusions: SCT methylation is a highly specific and sensitive tissue biomarker for malignant lung cancer and can be detected in FFPE samples. SCT methylation is infrequent in low grade lung carcinoids tumors. Its clinical uses need to be explored. Citation Format: Yu-An Zhang, Xiaotu Ma, Junya Fujimoto, Ignacio Wistuba, Stephen Lam, Victor Stastny, Boning Gao, Jill Larsen, Xiaoyun Liu, John D. Minna, Michael Q. Zhang, Adi F. Gazdar. SCT methylation is a potential cancer biomarker for lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1855. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1855
Tracking loose-limbed people (2004)

We pose the problem of 3D human tracking as one of inference in a graphical model. Unlike traditional kinematic tree representations, our model of the body is a collection of loosely-connected limbs. Conditional probabilities relating the 3D pose of connected limbs are learned from motion-captured training data. Similarly, we learn probabilistic models for the temporal evolution of each limb (forward and backward in time). Human pose and motion estimation is then solved with non-parametric belief propagation using a variation of particle filtering that can be applied over a general loopy graph. The loose-limbed model and decentralized graph structure facilitate the use of low-level visual cues. We adopt simple limb and head detectors to provide "bottom-up" information that is incorporated into the inference process at every time-step; these detectors permit automatic initialization and aid recovery from transient tracking failures. We illustrate the method by automatically tracking a walking person in video imagery using four calibrated cameras. Our experimental apparatus includes a marker-based motion capture system aligned with the coordinate frame of the calibrated cameras with which we quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of our 3D person tracker.
Monitoring of spirodiclofen susceptibility in field populations of European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the cross‐resistance pattern of a laboratory‐selected strain (2011)

In order to preserve spirodiclofen as an important tool in spider mite resistance management, the efficacy situation should be continuously monitored, and it is suggested that spirodiclofen be alternated with acaricides coming from different mode-of-action classes. An observed age-specific expression of resistance revealed full susceptibility of eggs, so targeting spirodiclofen particularly against eggs is likely to reduce the selection pressures imposed on other life stages.
Supplementary movie 3 from Serine-Threonine Kinase TAO3-Mediated Trafficking of Endosomes Containing the Invadopodia Scaffold TKS5α Promotes Cancer Invasion and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of SBI-581 on Rab11 vesicle trafficking&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical and Biological Evolution of HIV-1 Seroconverters in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1997–2000 (2002)

These African seroconverters were moderately immunosuppressed. The median HIV RNA level was high and varied very little during the first 3 years, and there were few clinical events.
MODIFICATION OF RESPONSES TO SYMPATHETIC NERVE STIMULATION BY THE RENIN‐ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN RATS (1974)

1 Angiotensin I (AI) and AII elicited a dose-dependent potentiation of contractions by rat vas deferens produced by low frequency nerve stimulation without enhancing the contraction produced by exogenous noradrenaline. The AII-induced presynaptic potentiation was blocked by the specific antagonist cysteine(8)-AII.2 The vasoconstrictor response to periarterial stimulation of rat isolated perfused kidney was potentiated by AII and there was a lesser enhancement of the effect of exogenous noradrenaline.3 The response to stimulation of complete sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord to blood vessels in the pithed rat was enhanced by angiotensin or vasopressin in direct proportion to the increase in prestimulus muscular tone. The blood pressure in the pithed rats is primarily maintained by the renin-angiotensin system since the converting-enzyme inhibitor (SQ-20881) or bilateral nephrectomy caused further substantial lowering of systemic blood pressure after spinal cord destruction and after treatment with curare and atropine.
Effect of Bout Length on Gait Measures in People with and without Parkinson’s Disease during Daily Life (2020)

Although the use of wearable technology to characterize gait disorders in daily life is increasing, there is no consensus on which specific gait bout length should be used to characterize gait. Clinical trialists using daily life gait quality as study outcomes need to understand how gait bout length affects the sensitivity and specificity of measures to discriminate pathological gait as well as the reliability of gait measures across gait bout lengths. We investigated whether Parkinson's disease (PD) affects how gait characteristics change as bout length changes, and how gait bout length affects the reliability and discriminative ability of gait measures to identify gait impairments in people with PD compared to neurotypical Old Adults (OA). We recruited 29 people with PD and 20 neurotypical OA of similar age for this study. Subjects wore 3 inertial sensors, one on each foot and one over the lumbar spine all day, for 7 days. To investigate which gait bout lengths should be included to extract gait measures, we determined the range of gait bout lengths available across all subjects. To investigate if the effect of bout length on each gait measure is similar or not between subjects with PD and OA, we used a growth curve analysis. For reliability and discriminative ability of each gait measure as a function of gait bout length, we used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and area under the curve (AUC), respectively. Ninety percent of subjects walked with a bout length of less than 53 strides during the week, and the majority (>50%) of gait bouts consisted of less than 12 strides. Although bout length affected all gait measures, the effects depended on the specific measure and sometimes differed for PD versus OA. Specifically, people with PD did not increase/decrease cadence and swing duration with bout length in the same way as OA. ICC and AUC characteristics tended to be larger for shorter than longer gait bouts. Our findings suggest that PD interferes with the scaling of cadence and swing duration with gait bout length. Whereas control subjects gradually increased cadence and decreased swing duration as bout length increased, participants with PD started with higher than normal cadence and shorter than normal stride duration for the smallest bouts, and cadence and stride duration changed little as bout length increased, so differences between PD and OA disappeared for the longer bout lengths. Gait measures extracted from shorter bouts are more common, more reliable, and more discriminative, suggesting that shorter gait bouts should be used to extract potential digital biomarkers for people with PD.
Arterial pressure pulse palpation with the Haptic Lens (2012)

Palpation is a traditional method for diagnosis that uses the sense of touch. Due to its subjective nature, results from palpation are not always accurate and/or consistent. Therefore in order to enable a consistent and quantitative analysis by palpation, we propose this diagnostic by a novel device called the Haptic Lens. Considering the richness of parameters in the cardiac pressure pulse, we focus on developing a quantitative method for measuring arterial pressure pulse parameters using the Haptic Lens. We develop algorithms that enable accurate measurements of arterial pulse parameters. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach and the ease of learning this method we used this device to measure arterial pulse parameters on 10 individuals.
Power transmission with HVDC at voltages above 600 kV (2006)

The use of ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC), i.e. voltages above the highest in use, 600 kV, has been found to be economically attractive for power blocks up to 6000 MW for distances above 1000 km, Furthermore the use of 800 kV as transmission voltage will be achievable within the near future with a limited amount of development work. None of the AC equipment, auxiliary equipment or control and protection will be affected by the increase of DC voltage. Also most of the DC equipment is easily modified for 800 kV, such as thyristor valves and DC filter capacitors. However, equipment without resistive DC grading, like bushings and converter transformers, need additional R&D and verification. Also station external insulation and line insulation must be carefully considered. In order to meet the demands, ABB has started an R&D program with the goal to develop and test equipment needed for 800 kV HVDC
Evaluation of Interethnic Differences in Repinotan Pharmacokinetics by Using Population Approach (2006)

Repinotan is a selective full serotonin receptor agonist at the 5-HT1A subtype which has been studied in phase I and II studies involving over 500 healthy subjects and patients. Repinotan is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 which is known to be subject to polymorphism and ethnic differences in its quantitative and qualitative expression pattern. In order to investigate the effect of ethnicity on repinotan pharmacokinetics (PK) between a Caucasian and Japanese population and to explain PK variability, this population PK evaluation was conducted. A population PK model was established based on the data of 1314 blood samples from 241 patients from 3 Phase II studies. This analysis has characterized the repinotan PK, with particular attention to ethnicity. Using the MIXTURE subroutine of NONMEM, evidence was provided for different CL groups. Repinotan plasma levels in the 'High CL' subgroup, which comprised the majority of patients, did not show relevant differences between a Japanese and Caucasian population. In the 'Low CL' subgroup, Japanese and Caucasian populations were different. These findings are consistent with the published literature, which reports ethnic differences in the distribution of CYP2D6 activity. The finding of a greater percentage of patients with intermediate CL in the Japanese population falling between poor and extensive metabolizers is consistent with the distribution pattern of CYP2D6 in the Japanese population. The results of this evaluation can be used to assist in designing future trials.