gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Testing Methodology to Quantify Bone Load Transfer Patterns for Multiple Stemmed Implants in a Single Bone With an Application in the Distal Ulna (2008)

Optimal parameters for many orthopaedic implants, such as stem length and material, are unknown. Geometry and mechanical properties of bone can vary greatly amongst cadaveric specimens, requiring a large number of specimens to test design variations. This study aimed to develop an experimental methodology to measure bone strains as a function of multiple implant stem designs in a single specimen, and evaluate its efficacy in the distal ulna. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric ulnae were each instrumented with 12 uniaxial strain gauges on the medial and lateral surfaces of the bone. The proximal portion of each ulna was cemented in a custom-designed jig that allowed a medially directed force to be applied to the distal articular surface. An implant with a finely threaded stem was cemented into the canal by an experienced upper extremity orthopaedic surgeon. Six loads (5-30 N) were applied sequentially to the lateral surface of the prosthetic head using a materials testing machine. Testing was repeated after breaking the stem-cement bond, and after removing and reinserting the stem several times into the threaded cement mantle. Near the end of the testing period, the initial stem was reinserted and data were collected to determine if there was any change in bone properties or testing setup over time. Finally, a smooth stem was inserted for comparison to the threaded stem. Strain varied linearly with load (R(2)> or =0.99) for all testing scenarios. Bending strains were not affected by breaking the stem-cement bond (P=0.7), testing durations up to 18 h (P=0.7), nor the presence of threads when compared to a smooth stem (P>0.4). Furthermore, for all gauges, there was no interaction between the effect of the threads and level of applied load (P>0.1). This methodology should prove to be useful to compare stem designs of varying lengths and materials in the same bone, allowing for a direct comparison between implant designs for the ulna and other bones subjected primarily to bending loads. Furthermore, it will minimize the need for large numbers of specimens to test multiple implant designs. The ultimate goal of using this protocol is to optimize implant stem properties, such as length and material, with respect to load transfer.
Selective reduction of sulfoxides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reduction of sulfoxidesRalph G. Nuzzo, Henry J. Simon, and Joseph San Filippo Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 3, 568–569Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00423a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00423a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EERC Center for Biomass Utilization 2008-2010. Phases I-III (2015)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects nonhydro renewable electric energy increases of 140% and liquid transportation biofuels growing by 32,200 barrels a day between 2012 and 2040 (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2014). This is the EIA base case scenario, and this outlook could be a low estimate depending on the many assumptions involved in making such projections, not the least of which are climate change and the resultant legislation. The climate change postulate is based on increasing levels of CO2 being introduced into the atmosphere through anthropogenic activity such as fossil fuel combustion for energy use. Renewable energy, and biomass conversion to energy in particular, is a net-zero CO2 emission generator. When biomass is converted to energy, it emits CO2; however, this CO2 is balanced in a cycle where the production of biomass removes CO2 from the atmosphere for growth and then releases it back into the atmosphere to be taken up by new growth of biomass feedstocks for energy. In comparison, fossil fuels are examples of CO2 that has been removed from the atmosphere and sequestered and which, when converted to energy, is a new addition to the atmospheric levels of CO2, which has been linked to climate change. While recent advances in technology used for extracting oil and gas from tight formations have increased the availability of fossil fuels for energy, the end game needs to focus on providing sustainable energy sources for the United States as well as the world. If, in the future, legislation is enacted that places a fee on atmospheric CO2 emissions, this may make the use of biomass for energy more economically attractive, increasing its use. Research that focuses on the future sustainability of energy production is part of the answer to bringing about game-changing technologies that can provide energy in a timely, reliable, sustainable fashion.
Accelerated Signalling for the Internet over ATM (ASIA) (1999)

Abstract To face up the rapid development of Internet services with even more growing needs in terms of quality of service and bandwidth, we introduce in this paper an accelerated signalling capability for the ATM network. As a preliminary, we draw attention to the fact that cell spacing can regulate the dynamics of TCP over ATM if the spacing period is adequately chosen. Then, we propose to associate with each Internet information flow (generated by TCP or UDP) a Deterministic Bit Rate (DBR) virtual channel connection within the ATM network. The cell spacing mechanism actually makes the cell stream of an Internet information flow compliant with a DBR connection, for which quality of service objectives in terms of negligible cell loss and bounded cell transfer delays can be guaranteed. To achieve this, we study a synchronization method between the two connection establishment procedures, namely that at the Internet protocol level and the signalling procedure for the ATM network. The ATM connection is established throughout the network via a light‐weight signalling procedure, which relies on the exchange of single cell messages consisting of Resource Management (RM) cells. The addressing system proposed for this accelerated signalling capability is that of classical IP, which is and will certainly be the predominant one in the near future.
A rapid microwave‐assisted solvent extraction method for assessment of stabilizer concentration in crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (2004)

Abstract Crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes were prepared containing 0.05 to 0.2 wt % of either a phenolic antioxidant (Irganox® 1010) or a hindered amine stabilizer (Tinuvin® 144). The stabilizer concentration was assessed by HPLC and UV‐Vis spectroscopy of Soxhlet and microwave‐assisted solvent extracts. Almost complete recovery of stabilizer was achieved with Soxhlet extraction. High stabilizer recovery was achieved when acetone was used as the solvent in the microwave‐assisted extraction. HPLC was shown to be an efficient method for determining the concentration of Irganox 1010. For Tinuvin 144 the selectivity of both UV‐Vis spectroscopy and HPLC was poor, leading to imprecise evaluation of the antioxidant concentration. The loss of stabilizer by migration from polymer to hot water (75 and 95°C) was monitored for the systems stabilized with Irganox 1010 and the diffusion coefficient of the antioxidant in the polymer was determined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2185–2192, 2004
Improving accuracy by sub-pixel smoothing in FDTD (2006)

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods suffer from reduced accuracy when modeling discontinuous dielectric materials, due to the inhererent discretization ("pixellization"). We show that accuracy can be significantly improved by using a sub-pixel smoothing of the dielectric function, but only if the smoothing scheme is properly designed. We develop such a scheme based on a simple criterion taken from perturbation theory, and compare it to other published FDTD smoothing methods. In addition to consistently achieving the smallest errors, our scheme is the only one that attains quadratic convergence with resolution for arbitrarily sloped interfaces. Finally, we discuss additional difficulties that arise for sharp dielectric corners.
A New Technique for Correcting Cryptotia: V-Y Swing Flap (2007)

Chang, Sun O. M.D.; Suh, Myung-Whan M.D.; Choi, Byung Yoon M.D.; Park, Min-Hyun M.D.; Ha Oh, Seung M.D.; Kim, Chong-Sun M.D. Author Information
Low-Refractive-Index Deep-Ultraviolet Transparent Poly(fluoroalkyl-co-methylsilsesquioxane) Resins Synthesized by Cosolvent-Free Hydrolytic Polycondensation of Organotrimethoxysilanes (2021)

Cosolvent-free (solventless) hydrolytic polycondensation of fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilanes of linear fluoroalkyl groups of the form R = C<i><sub>n</sub></i>F<sub>2<i>n</i>+1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (<i>n</i> = 1, 4, and 8) and methyltrimethoxysilane followed by thermal curing yielded dense polymeric silsesquioxane (SQ) resins with low refractive indices and deep-ultraviolet transparency with an ultraviolet absorption edge at ∼210 nm. The refractive index at 589 nm was adjustable at ∼1.35-1.39, and the lowest value was ∼1.354 for the stiff resin and ∼1.347 for the soft resin of poly(R-<i>co</i>-Me-SQ) prepared at <i>n</i> = 8. The refractive indices of these resins were consistent with the linear combinations of molar refractivities of constituent functional groups, and there were no free-volume anomalies.
[Systolic anterior motion (SAM): a rare cause of late failure in mitral valve repair]. (2006)

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve is a rare complication of mitral valve repair. The treatment of the large majority of cases is purely medical. Nevertheless, an early degradation may require reoperation (revision of the repair or valve replacement). The authors report two cases of post-repair SAM with a poor outcome with medical therapy which required reoperation after several years. In both cases, an excess of bivalvular tissue with respect to the size of the mitral orifice was observed. A second repair was possible (sliding valvuloplasty associated with an oval resection of the anterior leaflet) with satisfactory long-term results. The identification of the risk factors and careful analysis of the lesions in cases of SAM after mitral valve repair may lead to a repeat repair and the avoidance of mitral valve replacement.
Antiphase ordering and surface phases in lithium aluminate (2008)

Antiphase domains are seen in single crystal gamma lithium aluminate (γ-LiAlO2) with 16.7 nm periodicity in the ⟨110⟩ direction. Alternate domains have a 12 [001] shift. Beta phase lithium aluminate (β-LiAlO2) is seen to form on the surface of the as-received wafers with an epitaxial strain limited relationship with the bulk γ phase. The orthorhombic β phase aligns with the a and b axes (0.528 and 0.630 nm) matching with the tetragonal γ phase’s a and c axes (0.5168 and 0.6268 nm). The γ and β phases are seen to have different etch rates. The β phase converts back to the γ phase above 450 °C.
ShiftsReduce: Minimizing Shifts in Racetrack Memory 4.0 (2019)

Racetrack memories (RMs) have significantly evolved since their conception in 2008, making them a serious contender in the field of emerging memory technologies. Despite key technological advancements, the access latency and energy consumption of an RM-based system are still highly influenced by the number of shift operations. These operations are required to move bits to the right positions in the racetracks. This paper presents data placement techniques for RMs that maximize the likelihood that consecutive references access nearby memory locations at runtime thereby minimizing the number of shifts. We present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for optimal data placement in RMs, and revisit existing offset assignment heuristics, originally proposed for random-access memories. We introduce a novel heuristic tailored to a realistic RM and combine it with a genetic search to further improve the solution. We show a reduction in the number of shifts of up to 52.5%, outperforming the state of the art by up to 16.1%.
Implementing molecular marker technology in forage improvement (2003)

Accelerated improvement of two cornerstones of New Zealand's pastoral industries, per ennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), may be realised through the application of markerassisted selection (MAS) strategies to enhance traditional plant breeding programmes. Genome maps constructed using molecular markers represent the enabling technology for such strategies and we have assembled maps for each species using EST-SSR markers - simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes. A comprehensive map of the white clover genome has been completed, with 464 EST-SSR and genomic SSR marker loci spanning 1125 cM in total, distributed across 16 linkage groups. These have been further classified into eight pairs of linkage groups, representing contributions from the diploid progenitors of this tetraploid species. In perennial ryegrass a genome map based exclusively on EST-SSR loci was constructed, with 130 loci currently mapped to seven linkage groups and covering a distance of 391 cM. This map continues to be expanded with the addition of ESTSSR loci, and markers are being concurrently transferred to other populations segregating for economically significant traits. We have initiated gene discovery through quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in both species, and the efficacy of the white clover map for this purpose was demonstrated with the initial identification of multiple QTL controlling seed yield and seedling vigour. One QTL on linkage group D2 accounts for 25.9% of the genetic variation for seed yield, and a putative QTL accounting for 12.7% of the genetic variation for seedling vigour was detected on linkage group E1. The application of MAS to forage breeding based on recurrent selection is discussed. Keywords: genome map, marker-assisted selection, perennial ryegrass, QTL, quantitative trait locus, SSR, simple sequence repeat, white clover
A plasma protein derived TGFβ signature is a prognostic indicator in triple negative breast cancer (2019)

We investigated the potential of in-depth quantitative plasma proteome analysis to uncover proteins predictive of progression and metastasis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Analysis of samples from 24 pre-menopausal and 24 post-menopausal women with newly diagnosed TNBC who subsequently developed metastasis or remained metastasis free were utilized in the proteomic discovery set, which resulted in 43 proteins associated with tumor progression. These proteins were found to form a hierarchical network with TGFβ. The signature was further confirmed and refined by integrating plasma protein data from a murine TNBC model that encompassed mice with rapid- versus slow-growing tumors. Three genes consisting of CLIC1, MAPRE1, and SERPINA3 in the refined TGFβ signature significantly stratified overall survival (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.0141) in a larger validation cohort irrespective of menopausal status, tumor stage, grade, and size.
IR long-path photometry: a remote sensing tool for automobile emissions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIR Long-Path Photometry: A Remote Sensing Tool for Automobile EmissionsGary A. Bishop, John R. Starkey, Anne Ihlenfeldt, Walter J. Williams, and Donald H. StedmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 10, 671A–677APublication Date (Print):May 15, 1989Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 15 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00185a746https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00185a746research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Table S2 from Vaccine-Induced Memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Provide Clinical Benefit in HER2 Expressing Breast Cancer: A Mouse to Human Translational Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Concurrent HER2 therapies for each patient for whom CYTOF analysis was done&lt;/p&gt;
The tooth on-a-chip: a microphysiologic model system mimicking the biologic interface of the tooth with biomaterials (2019)

The tooth has a unique configuration with respect to biomaterials that are used for its treatment. Cells inside of the dental pulp interface indirectly with biomaterials via a calcified permeable membrane, formed by the dentin matrix and several thousands of dentinal tubules (∼2 μm in diameter). Although the cytotoxic response of the dental pulp to biomaterials has been extensively studied, there is a shortage of in vitro model systems that mimic the dentin-pulp interface and enable an improved understanding of the morphologic, metabolic and functional influence of biomaterials on live dental pulp cells. To address this shortage, here we developed an organ-on-a-chip model system which integrates cells cultured directly on a dentin wall within a microfluidic device that replicates some of the architecture and dynamics of the dentin-pulp interface. The tooth-on-a-chip is made out of molded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a design consisting of two chambers separated by a dentin fragment. To characterize pulp cell responses to dental materials on-chip, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were cultured in odontogenic medium and seeded onto the dentin surface, and observed using live-cell microscopy. Next, to evaluate the tooth-on-a-chip as a platform for materials testing, standard dental materials used clinically (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate - HEMA, phosphoric acid - PA, and Adper-Scotchbond - SB) were tested for cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and metabolic activity on-chip, and compared against standardized off-chip controls. All dental materials had cytotoxic effects in both on-chip and off-chip systems in the following order: HEMA > SB > PA (p < 0.05), and cells presented consistently higher metabolic activity on-chip than off-chip (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the tooth-on-a-chip enabled real-time tracking of gelatinolytic activity in a model hybrid layer (HL) formed in the microdevice, which suggests that dental pulp cells may contribute to the proteolytic activity in the HL more than endogenous proteases. In conclusion, the tooth-on-a-chip is a novel platform that replicates near-physiologic conditions of the pulp-dentin interface and enables live-cell imaging to study dental pulp cell response to biomaterials.
Detecting IL-1β release with a rapid, homogeneous, bioluminescent immunoassay (2019)

Abstract IL-1β is an important inflammatory cytokine of the innate immune system, released from monocytes, macrophages, and other cell types in response to a variety of pathogens and danger signals consequent to inflammasome activation. To enable direct measurement of released IL-1β from cells (no transfers or wash steps), two anti-human IL-1β antibodies were respectively labeled with complementary subunits, SmBiT and LgBiT, of the NanoLuc® Binary Technology. When the labeled antibodies bind to released IL-1β, the complementary subunits are brought into proximity, thereby reconstituting a bright luciferase that generates light when the furimazine substrate is added. Luminescence is monitored with a standard plate-reading luminometer. This novel assay effectively detected released IL-1β from differentiated human monocytic THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with several TLR agonists, including endotoxin and non-endotoxin pyrogens, and could enable a simplified method for a Monocyte Activation Test for pyrogen detection. Released IL-1β can be detected directly in cell culture assay wells or in a secondary plate with transferred culture medium. Benchmarking assay performance to a standard IL-1β ELISA verified the accuracy of this more rapid, homogeneous IL-1β assay method. Of note, this IL-1β assay can be multiplexed with a homogeneous caspase-1 activity assay, providing complementary high throughput methods to identify modulators of inflammasome activation. MCC950, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, was shown to inhibit IL-1β release from treated THP-1 cells and PBMCs. Application of this homogeneous immunoassay approach to other inflammatory cytokines is currently being explored.
Intrusion Detection of the ICS Protocol EtherCAT (2017)

Control mechanisms like Industrial Controls Systems (ICS) and its subgroup SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) are a prerequisite to automate industrial processes. While protection of ICS on process management level is relatively straightforwardâ€”well known office IT security mechanisms can be usedâ€”protection on field bus level is harder to achieve as there are real-time and production requirements like 24x7 to consider. One option to improve security on field bus level is to introduce controls that help to detect and to react on attacks. This paper introduces an initial set of intrusion detection mechanisms for the field bus protocol EtherCAT. To this end existing Ethernet attack vectors including packet injection and man-in-the-middle attacks are tested in an EtherCAT environment, where they could interrupt the EtherCAT network and may even cause physical damage. Based on the signatures of such attacks, a preprocessor and new rule options are defined for the open source intrusion detection system Snort demonstrating the general feasibility of intrusion detection on field bus level.