gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Reluctance Machines as Drives for Rotary Anode X-Ray Tubes-A Feasibility Study (2018)

This paper investigates the possibility of replacing the rotor of an existing X-ray tube induction machine (IM) with that of a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM), while keeping the existing IM stator. When compared with other applications, such machines operate with a very large air gap. Furthermore, their non-laminated rotors are placed in a vacuum and may heat up as high as 450°C. The primary design criteria for this special application is to reach a minimum speed of 10800 rpm in less than 3 sec, requiring an output torque of 1Nm. Three different types of SynRM rotors are considered. The capability of these alternative machines to provide the same output torque as the original 1M was assessed. In the next step, the losses of the different machines were identified and compared. While all machine designs were identified to be able to provide the desired output torque, the axially-layered rotor proved to be the best option, with more than 25 % reduction of the total losses when compared with the original 1M.
Improved Hydrothermal Stability in Glass Diesel Soot Oxidation Catalysts (2019)

The hydrothermal stability of K-Ca-Si-O glass soot oxidation catalysts has been improved by substitution of Ce and Zr for Ca. This work demonstrates that glasses can be tailored to withstand the challenging diesel exhaust hydrothermal environment by considering the field strengths and partial molar free energies of the hydration reactions (ΔGi) of the cation species in the glass. The result is a glass that shows less formation of precipitates after 2 h hydrothermal exposure in air with 7% H2O at temperatures ranging from 300–700 °C. A K-Ca-Si-O glass with a soot T50 (the temperature when 50% of the soot is oxidized) of 394 °C was found to degrade to 468 °C after a 2 h, 700 °C hydrothermal exposure, whereas the improved K-Ce-Zr-Si-O glass only changed from 407 °C to 427 °C after the same treatment.
Exploiting Flaws in Big Data Systems (2016)

In this journal we discuss the relevant security threats, vulnerabilities and prominent techniques to securing data lake. Over the last few years, Big Data solutions to data processing have made remarkable strides in the how we interpret data. Because of its ubiquitous nature and ability to handle various data types, it has become a valuable tool and asset to many other fields including bioinformatics solutions, marketing solutions, and social media. Ethical infractions also play a role in data processing and because of this, it is critical that comprehensive security solutions are determined and enforced under the appropriate conditions. Although modern security techniques are well developed, they still leave room for scrutiny as vulnerabilities continue to unfold.Â In this paper, we will examine and compare modern ethical exploit techniques as well ass techniques to promote greater authentication and overall perimeter security. The scrutinization of the current methods met through exploitation, be it physical or conceptive, is imperative in defining the understanding and verification of definite secure solutions. Â
Diastereoselective Petasis Mannich Reactions Accelerated by Hexafluoroisopropanol: A Pyrrolidine‐Derived Arylglycine Synthesis. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study of Charge-Exchange Neutrals Emission from Hot Plasma at the Multimirror Trap GOL-3 (2005)

Tentative experiments on registration of the energy spectrum of fast charge exchange (CX) neutrals emitted from the high-density hot plasma of the GOL-3 facility were carried out. Experimental data provided by used 5-channel CX neutrals analyzer are presented and the procedure of determining of the energy distribution of registered CX neutrals is discussed. From calculated data of the neutrals energy distribution the estimated temperature is 1.5 ± 0.5 keV.
Combined connectivity and a gray-level morphological filter in magnetic resonance coronary angiography (2000)

A connectivity algorithm combined with a new gray-level morphological filter dramatically improves the segmentation of tortuous coronary arteries from 3D MRI. Small coronary arteries are segmented from the larger ventricles with a new filter. These blood vessels are segmented from the noise background with connectivity. Coronary angiograms were computed in nine datasets acquired on volunteers with 3D stack of spirals and contrast-enhanced navigator sequences by both a maximum intensity projection and surface rendering. Surface images provided depth information needed to distinguish branching arteries from crossing veins. Magn Reson Med 43:892-895, 2000.
Study of Hypertensive Prescribing Practices (SHyPP): A National Survey of Primary Care Physicians. (1999)

BACKGROUND: Approximately 50 million people in the U.S. have hypertension. The Joint National Committee (JNC V) guidelines provide treatment recommendations for hypertension. These guidelines promote initiating therapy with diuretics and Ã -blockers because these agents have been shown to reduce hypertension related morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To survey primary care physicians' antihypertensive prescribing practices, their perceptions about antihypertensive medication cost and safety, and their perceptions of the effects of managed care. DESIGN: A direct mail survey was distributed to a national random sample of 500 office based, primary care internists, family practitioners, and general practitioners. RESULTS: 72% of the physicians who responded reported being aware of the JNC V guidelines. Younger physicians claimed to be more aware of and more likely to follow JNC V guidelines than older physicians. Only 25% of physicians reported initiating treatment at systolic blood pressures greater than 140 mm Hg as recommended by the JNC V guidelines. Most physicians reported initiating treatment at higher pressures. Diuretics were selected for initial antihypertensive treatment by 36% of physicians, ACE inhibitors by 35%, Ã -blockers by 16%, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) by 7%. Up to 27% of physicians admitted not knowing the cost of specific medications. Approximately half of the physicians reported that they and their patients were more concerned about medication cost and safety today than 18 months ago. A greater number of younger physicians reported that managed care formularies infringed upon their prescribing practices. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive prescribing patterns are inconsistent with JNC V guidelines. Actual practice may deviate even more from these guidelines than reported in this survey. Also, physicians perceive that managed care is increasingly affecting their prescribing practices. (c)1999 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.
Optimization of design tolerance and asymmetric quality loss cost using pattern search algorithm (2009)

Tolerances have a significant impact on manufacturing cost and product quality. In the design of discrete part shapes, the specification of tolerance constraints can have major consequences for product quality and cost. Traditional methods for tolerance analysis and synthesis are time consuming and have limited applicability. A more scientific approach is often desirable for better performance to overcome this difficulty. In this paper, the objective is to examine the optimal tolerance allocation by considering both tolerance cost and manufacturing cost so that the total assembly cost is minimized. A new global nonlinear optimization technique called Pattern search algorithm has been implemented to find the optimal tolerance allocation and asymmetric total cost to overcome the shortcomings in the conventional tolerance allocation problem.

	 

	Key words: Optimization, tolerance allocation, machining tolerance, pattern search.
Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Spirohydantoins (2004)

Spirohydantoins are considered privileged structures, making them attractive for the preparation of compound libraries with the potential for diverse biological activity. However, very few modifications of this scaffold have been reported to date. The spirohydantoin template was elaborated into a library of 168 compounds through a two-step solution-phase parallel synthesis starting from various N-substituted piperidinones. The Strecker reaction was employed to generate alpha-amino nitriles from aniline and TMSCN (or KCN). Subsequent reaction of the anilido nitrogen with a diverse set of isocyanates, followed by refluxing under acidic conditions, afforded the title library in high yield and purity.
How Exposures to Biologics Influence the Induction and Incidence of Asthma (2020)

A number of environmental factors can affect the development and severity of allergy and asthma; however, it can be argued that the most significant inhaled agents that modulate the development of these conditions are biologics. Sensitization to environmental allergens is an important risk factor for the development of asthma. Innate immune responses are often mediated by receptors on mononuclear cells whose primary ligands arise from microorganisms. Many pathogens, especially viruses, target epithelial cells and affect the host immune response to those pathogens. The acquired immune response to an allergen is influenced by the nature of the innate immune system. Products of innate immune responses to microbes promote TH1-acquired responses. In the absence of TH1 responses, TH2 responses can dominate. Central to TH1/TH2 balance is the composition of contaminants that derive from microbes. In this review we examine the biology of the response to allergens, viruses, and bacterial products in the context of the development of allergy and asthma.
A Framework for Analyzing the Dynamics of Flexibly-Bladed Turbomachines (1996)

A framework for analyzing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of flexibly-bladed turbomachines is presented. The analytical description is based on matching a two dimensional, incompressible flow field across a semi-actuator disk representation of a flexible rotor and a rigid stator. The aerodynamic loading on the rotor is derived using control volume formulations applied to discrete blade passages allowing consideration of finite interblade phase angles. Depending on operating parameters, the model exhibits behaviors classified as surge, rotating stall, and stall flutter which are qualitatively consistent with experimentally observed results. The formulation provides a tractable, nonlinear, state-space description of the dynamics responsible for surge, rotating stall, flutter, and their interaction. An analysis is performed for system parameters representative of a fan in a modern high-bypass ratio aeroengine. The behavior of the operability limiting instability modes is examined using time simulations, eigenvalues plots and two-parameter stability diagrams.
NaNet: a Low-Latency, Real-Time, Multi-Standard Network Interface Card with GPUDirect Features (2014)

While the GPGPU paradigm is widely recognized as an effective approach to high performance computing, its adoption in low-latency, real-time systems is still in its early stages. Although GPUs typically show deterministic behaviour in terms of latency in executing computational kernels as soon as data is available in their internal memories, assessment of real-time features of a standard GPGPU system needs careful characterization of all subsystems along data stream path. The networking subsystem results in being the most critical one in terms of absolute value and fluctuations of its response latency. Our envisioned solution to this issue is NaNet, a FPGA-based PCIe Network Interface Card (NIC) design featuring a configurable and extensible set of network channels with direct access through GPUDirect to NVIDIA Fermi/Kepler GPU memories. NaNet design currently supports both standard - GbE (1000BASE-T) and 10GbE (10Base-R) - and custom - 34~Gbps APElink and 2.5~Gbps deterministic latency KM3link - channels, but its modularity allows for a straightforward inclusion of other link technologies. To avoid host OS intervention on data stream and remove a possible source of jitter, the design includes a network/transport layer offload module with cycle-accurate, upper-bound latency, supporting UDP, KM3link Time Division Multiplexing and APElink protocols. After NaNet architecture description and its latency/bandwidth characterization for all supported links, two real world use cases will be presented: the GPU-based low level trigger for the RICH detector in the NA62 experiment at CERN and the on-/off-shore data link for KM3 underwater neutrino telescope.
Energetic Control of Redox‐Active Polymers toward Safe Organic Bioelectronic Materials (2020)

Avoiding faradaic side reactions during the operation of electrochemical devices is important to enhance the device stability, to achieve low power consumption, and to prevent the formation of reactive side-products. This is particularly important for bioelectronic devices, which are designed to operate in biological systems. While redox-active materials based on conducting and semiconducting polymers represent an exciting class of materials for bioelectronic devices, they are susceptible to electrochemical side-reactions with molecular oxygen during device operation. Here, electrochemical side reactions with molecular oxygen are shown to occur during organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) operation using high-performance, state-of-the-art OECT materials. Depending on the choice of the active material, such reactions yield hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> ), a reactive side-product, which may be harmful to the local biological environment and may also accelerate device degradation. A design strategy is reported for the development of redox-active organic semiconductors based on donor-acceptor copolymers that prevents the formation of H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> during device operation. This study elucidates the previously overlooked side-reactions between redox-active conjugated polymers and molecular oxygen in electrochemical devices for bioelectronics, which is critical for the operation of electrolyte-gated devices in application-relevant environments.
NemaPath: online exploration of KEGG-based metabolic pathways for nematodes (2008)

The NemaPath server hosts metabolic pathway mappings for 30 nematode species and is available on the World Wide Web at http://nematode.net/cgi-bin/keggview.cgi. The nematode source sequences used for the metabolic pathway mappings are available via FTP http://www.nematode.net/FTP/index.php, as provided by the Genome Center at Washington University School of Medicine.
Sub-Cutaneous Administration of Rituximab Triggers a Pro-Phagocytic Phenotype of Monocytic Compartment in Low-Tumor Burden Follicular Lymphoma Patients Included in the Flirt Clinical Trial, a Lysa Study (2022)

International audience
Comparative Thermal and Energy Analysis of a Hybrid Cooling Data Center With Rear Door Heat Exchangers (2013)

Data centers consume a considerable amount of energy which is estimated to be about 2 percent of the total electrical energy consumed in the US, and their power consumption continues to increase every year. It is also estimated that roughly 30–40 percent of the total energy used in a data center is due to the thermal management systems. So, there is a strong need for better cooling methods which could improve the cooling capacity and also reduce energy consumption for high density data centers. In this regard, liquid cooling systems have been utilized to deal with demanding cooling and energy efficiency requirements in high density data centers. In this paper, a hybrid cooling system in data centers is investigated. In addition to traditional raised floor, cold aisle-hot aisle configuration, a liquid-air hybrid cooling system consisting of rear door heat exchangers attached to the back of racks is considered. The room is analyzed numerically using two CFD based simulation approaches for modeling rear door heat exchangers that are introduced in this study. The presented model is used in the second section of the paper to compare the hybrid cooling system with traditional air cooling systems. Several case studies are taken into account including the power increases in the racks and CRAC unit failure scenarios. A comparison is made between the hybrid cooling room and a purely air cooled room based on the rack inlet temperatures. Also in this study, total energy consumption by the cooling equipment in both air-cooled and hybrid data centers are modeled and compared with each other for different scenarios. The results show that under some circumstances the hybrid cooling could be an alternative to meet the ASHRAE recommended inlet air temperatures, while at the same time it reduces the cooling energy consumption in high density data centers.
Reactivity and Chemical Modification of Polymers (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Characteristics of Reactions Involving Polymers Effect of the Macromolecular Nature of Polymers on their Reactivity Cross-Linking Reactions Degradation Reactions of Polymers Stabilization of Polymers Literature
Building Efficient Probability Transition Matrix Using Machine Learning from Big Data for Personalized Route Prediction (2015)

Personalized route prediction is an important technology in many applications related to intelligent vehicles and transportation systems. Current route prediction technologies used in many general navigation systems are, by and large, based on either the shortest or the fastest route selection. Personal traveling route prediction is a very challenging big data problem, as trips getting longer and variations in routes growing. It is particularly challenging for real-time in-vehicle applications, since many embedded processors have limited memory and computational power. In this paper we present a machine learning algorithm for modeling route prediction based on a Markov chain model, and a route prediction algorithm based on a probability transition matrix. We also present two data reduction algorithms, one is developed to map large GPS based trips to a compact link-based standard route representation, and another a machine learning algorithm to significantly reduce the size of a probability transition matrix. The proposed algorithms are evaluated on real-world driving trip data collected in four months, where the data collected in the first three months are used as training and the data in the fourth month are used as testing. Our experiment results show that the proposed personal route prediction system generated more than 91% prediction accuracy in average among the test trips. The data reduction algorithm gave about 8:1 reduction in link-based standard route representation and 23:1 in reducing the size of probability transition matrix.
A benders decomposition approach to corrective security constrained OPF with power flow control devices (2013)

This paper studies a DC Corrective Security-Constrained OPF (SCOPF) in electricity networks in which the transmission lines are potentially instrumented with Distributed Flexible AC Transmission Systems (DFACTS). Hence, in the considered SCOPF, the transmission lines' reactance along with the generators' output are considered as control variables. The objective of this SCOPF model is to obtain minimum generation cost while maintaining the system N-1 secure. Benders decomposition is applied to solve the discussed DC SCOPF problem. Case studies for the IEEE 30-bus test system, the IEEE 39-bus test system and the IEEE 118-bus test system are presented. The performance of Benders decomposition is compared to a brute force approach, in which the DC SCOPF is solved as a single optimization problem, with respect to run-time and accuracy of the results.
Improving accountability in vaccine decision-making (2017)

Healthcare decisions, in particular those affecting entire populations, should be evidence-based and taken by decision-makers sharing broad alignment with affected stakeholders. However, criteria, priorities and procedures for decision-making are sometimes non-transparent, frequently vary considerably across equivalent decision-bodies, do not always consider the broader benefits of new health-measures, and therefore do not necessarily adequately represent the relevant stakeholder-spectrum. Areas covered: To address these issues in the context of the evaluation of new vaccines, we have proposed a first baseline set of core evaluation criteria, primarily selected by members of the vaccine research community, and suggested their implementation in vaccine evaluation procedures. In this communication, we review the consequences and utility of stakeholder-centered core considerations to increase transparency in and accountability of decision-making procedures, in general, and of the benefits gained by their inclusion in Multi-Criteria-Decision-Analysis tools, exemplified by SMART Vaccines, specifically. Expert commentary: To increase effectiveness and comparability of health decision outcomes, decision procedures should be properly standardized across equivalent (national) decision bodies. To this end, including stakeholder-centered criteria in decision procedures would significantly increase their transparency and accountability, support international capacity building to improve health, and reduce societal costs and inequity resulting from suboptimal health decision-making.
Renormalization scheme for the transfer-matrix method and the surfaces of wurtzite ZnO (1981)

The recently introduced transfer-matrix method for surface-band calculations relies solely on the eigensolutions of this matrix. Potential problems may arise, however, if the matrix is too large or ill defined. The latter occurs if any interlayer-coupling Hamiltonian matrix has zero determinant. These difficulties arise in the study of the wurtzite surfaces of ZnO when one uses a tight-binding Hamiltonian that includes the Zn $3d$ orbitals and only nearest-neighbor interactions. To overcome these problems, a renormalization scheme is introduced that systematically removes irrelevant degrees of freedom, reducing the size of matrices and eliminating singularities. This scheme is used, in conjunction with the transfer-matrix method, to study the ($10\overline{1}0$) and ($11\overline{2}0$) surfaces of ZnO. The results show that (1) there are no surface states in the thermal gap, (2) the electronic structure of the two surfaces is very similar, (3) $d$ character is present in all the surface states, and (4) surface states exist in the $d$ bands as well.
Influence of the semi‐permeable membrane on the performance of dynamic field gradient focusing (2010)

This paper is part of our continued effort to understand the underlying principles of dynamic field gradient focusing. In this investigation, we examined three problems associated with the use of a semi-permeable membrane. First, the influence of steric and ionic exclusion of current carrying ions through the membrane was examined. It was found that resistance to the transport of ions across the membrane resulted in a shallowing of the electric field profile and an increase in the size of the defocusing zone, which is where the slope of the electric field is reversed so that it disperses rather than concentrates solutes. These problems could be reduced by using a membrane with large pores relative to the size of the buffering ions and completely void of fixed charges. Next, a numerical simulation was used to investigate concentration polarization of protein onto the surface of the membrane. Due to the presence of a transverse electric field, species were pulled toward the membrane. If the membrane is restrictive to those species, a concentrated, polarized layer will form on the surface. The simulation showed that by decreasing the channel to a depth of 20 microm, the concentrated region next to the membrane could be reduced. Finally, it was found that changes in column volume due to loss of membrane structural integrity could be mitigated by including a porous ceramic support. The variation in peak elution times was decreased from greater than 20% to less than 3%.