gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal inhibition of high-power second-harmonic generation in periodically poled LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals (2005)

A coupled thermo-optical model shows strong thermal inhibition of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in periodically poled (PP) LiNbO3 (PPLN) and stoichiometric LiTaO3 (PPSLT) crystals. Three-dimensional simulations performed for a 1.064μm fundamental wavelength pulsed nanosecond laser beam 150μm in radius show the onset of significant temperature nonuniformities along and across the irradiated zone, and strong thermal dephasing and inhibition of SHG in these crystals for input powers &amp;gt;10W. PPSLT is found to have a significant advantage over PPLN due to the higher heat conductance, decreasing these temperature nonuniformities and allowing one to maintain the irradiated zone within the corresponding SHG temperature tolerance range (ΔT≈3K).
Ultra High-Precision Studies of Degradation Mechanisms in Aged LiCoO2/Graphite Li-Ion Cells (2014)

Twenty LiCoO2/Graphite cells with ages between 0 and 12 years having different cycling histories but identical chemistry and construction were obtained from Medtronic Inc. These cells presented a unique opportunity to learn about aging mechanisms in Li-ion cells. The cells were studied using the ultra-high precision chargers (UHPC) at Dalhousie University, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential voltage versus capacity (dV/dQ vs Q) measurements. Even after 12 years of operation at 37°C, the cells still retained 80% of their initial capacity and their coulombic efficiency was 0.99985 when measured at C/20 and 40°C. The capacity loss of the aged cells could be explained by loss of lithium inventory through growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the negative electrode which led to impedance increase. There is no evidence of any active material loss due to electrical disconnect in these cells suggesting the cells have excellent electrodes. A low upper cutoff voltage (4.075 V) is crucial to the long lifetime of these cells due to electrolyte oxidation reactions at the positive electrode, revealed by the UHPC experiments. Comparing similar cells that were cycled to either 4.075 or 4.175 V showed that those cycled to higher voltages under the same conditions failed significantly sooner. These results suggest that electrolyte additives that reduce electrolyte oxidation at the positive electrode, will prolong the cycle and calendar life of these Li-ion cells.
Catalytic Cracking of 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane on FAU, MFI, and Bimodal Porous Materials: Influence of Acid Properties and Pore Topology (2010)

Cracking experiments using 2,2,4-trimethylpentane as a model component have been performed on five FAU and three MFI zeolites. In addition to these eight commercially available catalysts, two newly developed zeotype materials with bimodal pore structure, BIPOMs, have been investigated. Both BIPOMs possess an MFI ultramicropore (<1 nm) network but a different ordered supermicropore (1.5−2.0 nm) network. Site time yields are lower on MFI than on FAU because of the slower diffusion of the reactant inside the pores. The site time yield obtained on the BIPOMs is comparable to commercial MFI with similar Al content. Within one framework type, the zeolite acid properties determine its activity in catalytic cracking of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, while the framework topology controls its selectivity. The main reaction route on FAU is hydride transfer followed by β-scission leading to mainly C4 species, while on MFI protolytic scission is responsible for the formation of high amounts of C1−C3 species. This points to the presence of transition state shape selectivity in MFI. These features allow to distinguish between FAU and MFI type catalytic behavior and to locate the active sites of BIPOM1 in the supermicropores and those of BIPOM3 in both micropore networks.
Age and structure of a model vapour-deposited glass (2016)

Glass films prepared by a process of physical vapour deposition have been shown to have thermodynamic and kinetic stability comparable to those of ordinary glasses aged for thousands of years. A central question in the study of vapour-deposited glasses, particularly in light of new knowledge regarding anisotropy in these materials, is whether the ultra-stable glassy films formed by vapour deposition are ever equivalent to those obtained by liquid cooling. Here we present a computational study of vapour deposition for a two-dimensional glass forming liquid using a methodology, which closely mimics experiment. We find that for the model considered here, structures that arise in vapour-deposited materials are statistically identical to those observed in ordinary glasses, provided the two are compared at the same inherent structure energy. We also find that newly deposited hot molecules produce cascades of hot particles that propagate far into the film, possibly influencing the relaxation of the material.
Reduced Complexity Output Feedback Nonlinear HControllers and Relation to Certainty Equivalence (1995)

In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing reduced complexity controllers for output feedback nonlinear Hcontrol. We give sufficient conditions, under which the controllers so obtained, guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system when there are no exogenous inputs. The controllers obtained are non-optimal in general. However, in case optimality holds, we show that these controllers are in fact the certainty equivalence controllers.
Serum periostin but not airway POSTN expression is reduced in smokers with asthma (2013)

Background Elevated serum periostin is associated with airway eosinophilia in non-smokers with asthma and may predict response to therapies targeting Th 2 inflammation. Smoking in asthma is associated with non-eosinophilic airway inflammation and corticosteroid insensitivity. We determined the effects of smoking status on serum periostin and airway expression in asthma. Methods Serum periostin (ELISA; Aviscera Bioscience) and airway (nasal) epithelial POSTN expression (210809_s_at on U133+2 chips) were measured in asthmatic and healthy subjects (Table). Serum periostin was also measured before and after two week oral steroids in another asthma group (n=45). Data (median IQR) was analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Serum periostin was reduced by smoking in both asthmatic (p=0.017) and healthy subjects (p=0.063). Periostin was not influenced by disease severity (p=0.786). Oral steroid treatment reduced serum periostin (p=0.030), particularly in non-smokers with asthma. POSTN expression was similar in non-smokers and smokers with severe asthma, but lower in healthy smokers (p=0.002). Conclusion Serum periostin is lowered by smoking in asthma, whereas airway POSTN expression is similar in smokers and non-smokers with asthma. The role of periostin as a potential biomarker of Th 2 inflammation in asthma requires further evaluation in smokers.
Double edge trailing PWM based full digital audio amplifier design (2012)

This paper presents double edge trailing PWM (DEPWM) based full digital audio amplifier design method. Several works about the design method of trailing edge PWM (TEPWM) or leading edge PWM (LEPWM) are reported previously but little work are reported on the design of the DEPWM based full digital audio amplifier. In this paper we derive mathematical equations about the DEPWM procedure in terms of the quantization noise reduction using the well-known sigma-delta digital to digital converter (DDC) and show the simulation result.
Hydroperoxide and Endoperoxide Lactones from Photooxygenation of 3‐Alkylidenedihydrofuran‐2,4‐diones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[The assessment of albumin liver dialysis--MARS efficacy in the treatment of Amanita phalloides poisoning]. (2007)

Fourteen patients were included to the albumin dialysis--MARS in the Clinic of Internal Medicine Geriatry and Clinical Toxicology in the years 2004-2006 because of acute intoxication with Amanita phalloides. The 26 procedures were done. Ten patients recovered, one was transplanted and three patients at the age from 68 to 79 (average 72.6) years died because of acute liver failure (21.4% cases). All deceased patients had significant higher plasma bilirubin level and INR in compare to other probants. The procedures of albumin dialysis caused significant lowering of blood glucose level, red blood cells and platelets, but without the need for intervention.
Outsourced hearing in an orb-weaving spider that uses its web as an auditory sensor (2021)

Abstract Hearing is a fundamental sense of many animals, including all mammals, birds, some reptiles, amphibians, fish, and arthropods. The auditory organs of these animals are extremely diverse in anatomy after hundreds of millions of years of evolution, yet all are made up of cellular tissues and are morphologically part of bodies of animals. Here we show hearing in the orb-weaving spider, Larinioides sclopetarius is not constrained by the organism’s body but is extended through outsourcing hearing to its extended phenotype, the proteinaceous, self-manufactured orb-web. We find the wispy, wheel-shaped orb-web acts as a hyperacute acoustic “antenna” to capture the sound-induced air particle movements that approach the maximum physical efficiency, better than the acoustic responsivity of all previously known eardrums. By sensing the motion of web threads, the spider remotely detects and localizes the source of an incoming airborne acoustic wave such as those emitted by approaching prey or predators. By outsourcing its acoustic sensors to its web, the spider is released from body size constraints and permits the araneid spider to increase its sound-sensitive surface area enormously, up to 10,000 times greater than the spider itself. The spider also enables the flexibility to functionally adjust and regularly regenerate its “external eardrum” according to its needs. The “outsourcing” and “supersizing” of auditory function in spiders provides unique features for studying extended and regenerative sensing, and designing novel acoustic flow detectors for precise fluid dynamic measurement and manipulation.
In-vivo and real-time ultrasonic monitoring of red blood cell aggregation with the structure factor size and attenuation estimator during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in swine (2010)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) used during cardiac surgery induces a systemic inflammatory response. The severity of that response has been shown to be proportional to patient outcome. Markers of inflammation are typically obtained intermittently through blood testing with variable delay. Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation is a surrogate marker of inflammation that can be quantified with ultrasound. It could therefore represent a real-time inflammation monitoring instrument for patient care. However, the relationship between markers of inflammation during CPB and RBC aggregation is unknown. Seven swine underwent a 90 min procedure with CPB followed by a 120 min reperfusion. To induce a more severe inflammatory reaction, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administrated 24 h prior to surgery and just before the CPB in 4 pigs (LPS group). Other pigs composed the control group (CONT group, n=3). A RBC aggregation parameter was extracted from ultrasonic images acquired over the femoral vein. The mean fractal size of aggregates (D), which was determined with the Structure Factor Size and Attenuation Estimator (SFSAE), was calculated. Measurements were performed at the beginning (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CPB15</sub> ), after 30 min. (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CPB30</sub> ) and at the end (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CPB90</sub> ) of CPB. Measurements were repeated during reperfusion after 30 and 120 min of recirculation (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REP30</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REP120</sub> ). The temporal evolution of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a blood inflammatory marker, was also assessed. D exhibited a significant increase from T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CPB30</sub> to T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REP120</sub> in all swine, matching IL-6 evolution. The LPS group presented significantly higher RBC aggregation during the reperfusion compared with control pigs, which indicates potentially high sensitivity of the SFSAE. This new cellular imaging modality may become a real-time non-invasive monitoring technique to anticipate inflammation-related complications during high-risk surgery or sepsis situation.
Supplementary Tables from MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Therapeutic Upregulating C/EBP-α, in Patients with Advanced Liver Cancer: A First-in-Human, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 CEBPA-51 PK parameters Supplementary Table 2 RECIST 1.1 response observed overall and per cohorts in HCC patients at cut-off (12 Sep 2018) presented as n (%)&lt;/p&gt;
Purification and Characterization of a Tissue-type Transglutaminase from Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major) (1994)

A tissue-type transglutaminase (TGase) was purified from liver tissue of the red sea bream, Pagrus major, by ion-exchange chromatography and heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Its activity was assessed using a fluorometric assay to measure the incorporation of monodansylcadaverine into N,N'-dimethyl casein. The molecular mass of purified TGase was estimated to be 78 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme required Ca2+ to express its activity, although 10 mM Sr2+ also activated the enzyme fully. TGase activity was maximal at pH 9.0-9.5, and the enzyme was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The purified enzyme catalyzed the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain obtained from Alaska pollack, resulting in gelation of an actomyosin solution. The partial amino acid sequence of this fish TGase showed divisionally significant similarity to TGase from guinea pig liver.
Linear Transceiver Design for SINR Balancing in MIMO Downlink Channels (2007)

We consider a single-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channel where linear transmission and reception strategy is employed. The base station (BS) transmitter is equipped with a scheduler using a simple opportunistic beamforming strategy, which associates an intended user for each of the transmitted data streams. For the case when the channel of the scheduled users is available at the BS, we propose a joint power control and linear transmit and receive beamformers design to optimally balance the SINR values of data streams under a total power budget. The proposed method can handle multiple antennas at the BS and at the mobile users with single and/or multiple data streams per scheduled user. We consider a general problem formulations which includes minimum SINR constraints on a subset of data streams and discuss possible particularizations which can be solved more efficiently. By exploiting the uplink-downlink SINR duality, we decompose the original optimization problem as a series of remarkably simpler optimization problems which can be efficiently solved by using standard convex optimization solvers. The simulations show that the algorithm converges fast to a solution, which can be a local optimum, but is still efficient. Only one iteration of the proposed method is enough to substantially outperform the zero forcing based solution.
Contributions of the Individual Muscles of the Shoulder to Glenohumeral Joint Stability During Abduction (2008)

The aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles to glenohumeral joint stability during arm abduction. A three-dimensional model of the upper limb was used to calculate the muscle and joint-contact forces at the shoulder for abduction in the scapular plane. The joints of the shoulder girdle-sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and glenohumeral joint-were each represented as an ideal three degree-of-freedom ball-and-socket joint. The articulation between the scapula and thorax was modeled using two kinematic constraints. Eighteen muscle bundles were used to represent the lines of action of 11 muscle groups spanning the glenohumeral joint. The three-dimensional positions of the clavicle, scapula, and humerus during abduction were measured using intracortical bone pins implanted into one subject. The measured bone positions were inputted into the model, and an optimization problem was solved to calculate the forces developed by the shoulder muscles for abduction in the scapular plane. The model calculations showed that the rotator cuff muscles (specifically, supraspinatus, subscapularis, and infraspinatus) by virtue of their lines of action are perfectly positioned to apply compressive load across the glenohumeral joint, and that these muscles contribute most significantly to shoulder joint stability during abduction. The middle deltoid provides most of the compressive force acting between the humeral head and the glenoid, but this muscle also creates most of the shear, and so its contribution to joint stability is less than that of any of the rotator cuff muscles.
Progress in the Development of LiCaAlF6:Cr3+ Laser Crystals (1991)

High Cr3+ doping levels, up to 8 mole percent, and low losses have been obtained with the tunable solid- state laser material LiCaAlF6:Cr3+ (Cr:LiCAF). Measurements and calculations show that high pumping and extraction efficiencies are possible with the improved material.
A test method and DFT structure for analog modules in mixed-signal circuits (2003)

This paper outlines the difficulties associated with testing analog circuits in general and those residing within mixed-signal circuits in particular. It proposes a system level oriented tested method based on the excitation of the circuit-under-test with a pseudo random binary sequence and the subsequent analysis of the captured response. The fault detection capabilities of the test and data analysis methods are demonstrated by simulation results. The effect of the test sequence length on fault detection is studied. It also discusses a design for testability structure that can be incorporated in a mixed-signal chip to enable the testing of the analog circuit blocks.
Segmentation of atherosclerotic plaque components in ultrasonic B-mode images using a multiphase Bayesian level-set (2011)

Partitioning an atheromatous carotid plaque into its main biological components can be a valuable tool to assess its vulnerability. One could compute textural or elasticity features on each component to describe them. In this paper, we propose a fully automated segmentation method, based on statistical properties of the ultrasound backscattered envelope signals, to classify plaque pixels into a fixed number of components. The echogenicity of each plaque was modeled as a mixture of 2 Nakagami distributions leading to 2 main components. The mixture parameters were at first estimated with an Expectation Maximization algorithm (EM). Each class of the partition was then initialized using the Maximum Likelihood segmentation (ML). The optimal partition of the plaque area was then found using a level-set formulation of the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimator with a spatial cohesion prior. Nakagami mixture parameters were extracted from those components. Uncompressed B-mode sequences of 8 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic subjects were analyzed for a total of 42 plaque sequences. We found that the Nakagami parameters were able to distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic patients with a significant p-value. Further works including elasticity mapping on each component are in progress and might lead to new indexes of vulnerability.
Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors (2019)

Abstract Background Although numerous mouse models of breast carcinomas have been developed, we do not know the extent to which any faithfully represent clinically significant human phenotypes. To address this need, we characterized mammary tumor gene expression profiles from 13 different murine models using DNA microarrays and compared the resulting data to those from human breast tumors. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that six models (TgWAP-Myc, TgMMTV-Neu, TgMMTV-PyMT, TgWAP-Int3, TgWAP-Tag, and TgC3(1)-Tag) yielded tumors with distinctive and homogeneous expression patterns within each strain. However, in each of four other models (TgWAP-T121, TgMMTV-Wnt1, Brca1Co/Co;TgMMTV-Cre;p53+/- and DMBA-induced), tumors with a variety of histologies and expression profiles developed. In many models, similarities to human breast tumors were recognized, including proliferation and human breast tumor subtype signatures. Significantly, tumors of several models displayed characteristics of human basal-like breast tumors, including two models with induced Brca1 deficiencies. Tumors of other murine models shared features and trended towards significance of gene enrichment with human luminal tumors; however, these murine tumors lacked expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and ER-regulated genes. TgMMTV-Neu tumors did not have a significant gene overlap with the human HER2+/ER- subtype and were more similar to human luminal tumors. Conclusion Many of the defining characteristics of human subtypes were conserved among the mouse models. Although no single mouse model recapitulated all the expression features of a given human subtype, these shared expression features provide a common framework for an improved integration of murine mammary tumor models with human breast tumors.
Filamin B Loss-of-Function Mutation in Dimerization Domain Causes Autosomal-Recessive Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis Syndrome with Rib Anomalies (2017)

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome (SCT) is a distinct group of disorders characterized by short stature, disrupted vertebral segmentation with vertebral fusion, scoliosis, lordosis, carpal/tarsal synostosis, and lack of rib anomalies. Mutations in filamin B (FLNB) and MYH3 have been reported for autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant SCT, respectively. We present a family with two patients suffering from autosomal-recessive SCT with rib anomalies, including malalignment, crowding, and uneven size and shape of ribs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel p.S2542Lfs<sup>*</sup> 82 (c.7621dup) frameshift mutation in FLNB. This frameshift mutation lies in the C-terminal-most domain involved in FLNB dimerization and resulted in a 20-residue elongation, with complete familial segregation and absence in 376 normal controls. The mutant p.S2542Lfs<sup>*</sup> 82 FLNB demonstrated a complete loss of ability to form a functional dimer in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. The p.S2542Lfs<sup>*</sup> 82 mutation also led to significantly reduced protein levels and accumulation of the mutant protein in the Golgi apparatus. This is the first identified mutation in the dimerization domain of FLNB. This loss-of-function frameshift mutation in FLNB causes autosomal-recessive SCT with rarely reported rib anomalies. This report demonstrates the involvement of rib anomaly in SCT and its causative mutation in the dimerization domain of FLNB.
PhotoPhone entertainment (2003)

This paper introduces PhotoPhone Entertainment (PPE), applications for mobile and wireless devices with camera functionality, and describes a number of design examples of such applications. The applications are designed for people waiting for a few minutes at a bus stop and do all encourage some form of social interaction such as collaboration with, or competition against, other users at the bus stop.