gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE VOLUME, FAT CONTENT, AND PASSIVE MECHANICS AFTER CHRONIC DETACHMENT IN A CANINE MODEL (2005)

Background: Long-standing tears of the rotator cuff can lead to substantial and perhaps irreversible changes in the affected rotator cuff muscles. We developed a chronic rotator cuff tear in a canine model to investigate and quantify the time-related changes in passive mechanics, volume, and fat of the infraspinatus muscle. We hypothesized that infraspinatus muscle stiffness would increase, volume would decrease, and fat content would increase at twelve weeks following tendon detachment. Methods: The right infraspinatus tendon of eight adult mongrel dogs were surgically detached from the proximal part of the humerus. The uninvolved left shoulder served as a control. Muscle volume changes were quantified with use of magnetic resonance imaging. At twelve weeks, the passive mechanical properties of the chronically detached and control muscles were determined intraoperatively with use of a custom-designed device. Intramuscular fat was evaluated histologically at the time that the animals were killed. Results: After twelve weeks of detachment, the stiffness was significantly increased in the detached infraspinatus muscles relative to that in the controls (p < 0.0001). Magnetic resonance image analysis demonstrated that the detached muscle volumes decreased by an average of 32% in the first six weeks and remained constant thereafter. Intramuscular fat increased significantly in the detached muscles and to a greater extent in the lateral regions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The chronically detached muscle is not merely a smaller version of the original muscle but, rather, a different muscle. The detached muscle becomes stiffer, and the passive loads required to repair it can become excessive. A significant reduction in muscle volume occurs within days to weeks following tendon detachment (p < 0.0001). The nonuniformity of changes in muscle fat suggests that fat content should be used cautiously as an indicator of muscle quality. Clinical Relevance: Clinically, chronic large rotator cuff tears are observed to have a qualitatively shorter and stiffer muscle-tendon unit than normal. We developed a chronic rotator cuff model to quantitatively investigate changes in the detached infraspinatus muscle. The passive mechanical properties of a chronically torn rotator cuff muscle-tendon unit may be a useful predictor of repairability and clinical outcome.
Dicing Tape Evaluation for Wire-Bond and Bumped Flip Chip Wafer Applications (2013)

Abstract This paper presents evaluation results of dicing tape selection for wire-bond and flip chip wafers in a volume production assembly environment. The goal of this project is to investigate a tape with low material cost, long shelf life and minimal dicing and die picking damages. Tape selection considerations, method and an evaluation plan were established, including inspection criteria for dicing and subsequent assembly steps.
On the efficacy of call graph-level thread-level speculation (2010)

Thread-level speculation (TLS) has been proposed as a means to parallelize difficult-to-analyze sequential codes. In this paper, we present a realistic measure of the performance potential of call-graph level TLS, using the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite and the Intel Core 2 Duo processor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of (S)‐2‐(4′‐Carboxycubyl)glycine, a New Selective mGluR1 Antagonist. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Laser-Induced Electron Capture Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Two techniques are reported for detection of electrophorederivatized compounds by laser-induced electron capture time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LI-EC-TOF-MS). In both cases, a nitrogen laser is used to induce the electron capture. The analyte is deposited in a matrix consisting of a compound with a low ionization potential such as benzo[ghi]perylene in the first technique, where the electron for electron capture apparently comes from this matrix. In the second technique, the analyte is deposited on a silver surface in the absence of matrix. It seems that "monoenergetic" ions instantly desorb from the target surface in the latter case, since the peak width in the continuous extraction mode essentially matches the pulse width of the laser (4 ns). Ten picomoles of 3-O-(pentafluorobenzyl)-alpha-estradiol were detected at a S/N > or = 50, where the spot size of the laser was approximately 0.25% of the sample spot. It is attractive that simple conditions can enable sensitive detection of electrophores on routine TOF-MS equipment. The technique can be anticipated to broaden the range of analytes in both polarity and size that can be detected by EC-MS relative to the range for GC/EC-MS.
Cell Cycle Checkpoint Function in Bladder Cancer (2003)

Bladder TCC lines have defective cell cycle checkpoint functions, suggesting that the p53-independent decatenation G2 checkpoint may cooperate with the p53-dependent G1 checkpoints to preserve chromosomal stability and suppress bladder carcinogenesis.
An aqueous‐base developable photoresist based on light‐induced cationic polymerization: Resist performance of poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (1993)

Abstract An aqueous‐base developable photoresist based on photoinduced cationic polymerization has been prepared by copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The copolymer containing 83 mol% of GMA unit is soluble in an aqueous base and crosslinked in the presence of photogenerated acid caused by acid‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of pendant epoxide groups. Exposure results in the generation of acid and the subsequent baking process promotes the diffusion of photogenerated acid, which initiates the cationic crosslinking of the epoxide rings. It was also found that the sensitivity of the copolymer was remarkably enhanced when a divinyl ether monomer is added as a bifunctional crosslinker. The sensitivity enhancement may be caused by the high reactivity of the divinyl ether monomer in the presence of acid. The resist comprised of the copolymer, the vinyl ether monomer, and diphenyliodonium 9,10‐dimethoxy‐an‐thracene‐2‐sulfonate as photoacid generator exhibited the sensitivity of 20 mJ/cm 2 . A good pattern profile with high resolution was attained by exposure to a 365 nm light followed by a postexposure bake at 60°C for 3 min. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
3D fully convolutional network-based segmentation of lung nodules in CT images with a clinically inspired data synthesis method (2019)

In the management of lung nodules, it is important to precisely assess nodule size on computed tomography (CT) images. Given that the malignancy of nodules varies according to their composition, component-wise assessment is useful for diagnosing lung cancer. To improve the accuracy of volumetric measurement of lung nodules, we propose a deep learning-based method for segmenting nodules into multiple components, namely, solid, ground glass opacity (GGO), and cavity. We train a 3D fully convolutional network (FCN) with component-wise dice loss and apply a conditional random field (CRF) to refine the segmentation boundaries. To further gain the accuracy, we artificially generate synthetic cavitary nodules based on clinical observations and then augment the dataset for training the network. In experiments using about 300 CT images of clinical nodules, we evaluated our method in terms of mean absolute percentage error of volumetric measurement. We confirmed that our method achieved 15.84% lower error (averaged over 2 components of solid and GGO) compared with a conventional method based on image processing, and the error for cavity was decreased by 2.87% with our data-synthesis method.
Deferrisoma camini gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic, dissimilatory iron(III)-reducing bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent that forms a distinct phylogenetic branch in the Deltaproteobacteria (2011)

A moderately thermophilic, anaerobic, dissimilatory iron(III)-reducing bacterium (strain S3R1(T)) was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney located on the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre in the Pacific Ocean at a depth of about 2150 m. Cells of strain S3R1(T) were ovals to short rods with a single polar flagellum, Gram-stain-negative, 0.5-0.6 µm in diameter and 0.8-1.3 µm long, growing singly or in pairs. The temperature range for growth was 36-62 °C, with an optimum at 50 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.5-7.5, with an optimum at pH 6.5. Growth of strain S3R1(T) was observed at NaCl concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 2.0-2.5 % (w/v). The isolate used acetate, fumarate, malate, maleinate, succinate, propanol, palmitate, stearate, peptone and yeast extract as electron donors for growth and iron(III) reduction. All electron donors were oxidized completely to CO(2) and H(2)O. Iron(III) (in the form of ferrihydrite, ferric citrate or ferric nitrilotriacetate) and elemental sulfur (S(0)) were the electron acceptors that supported growth. The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol%. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the novel bacterium was related to representatives of the orders Desulfuromonadales and Syntrophobacterales with 84-86 % sequence similarity and formed a distinct phylogenetic branch in the Deltaproteobacteria. On the basis of its physiological properties and results of phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the new isolate represents the sole species of a novel genus, Deferrisoma camini gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Deferrisoma camini is S3R1(T) ( = DSM 24185(T) = VKM B-2672(T)).
Benzylation of Carboxylic Acids by Oxidation—Reduction Condensation Using Quinones and Benzyloxydiphenylphosphine. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Complementary PLS and KNN algorithms for improved 3D-QSDAR consensus modeling of AhR binding (2013)

Multiple validation techniques (Y-scrambling, complete training/test set randomization, determination of the dependence of R2test on the number of randomization cycles, etc.) aimed to improve the reliability of the modeling process were utilized and their effect on the statistical parameters of the models was evaluated. A consensus partial least squares (PLS)-similarity based k-nearest neighbors (KNN) model utilizing 3D-SDAR (three dimensional spectral data-activity relationship) fingerprint descriptors for prediction of the log(1/EC50) values of a dataset of 94 aryl hydrocarbon receptor binders was developed. This consensus model was constructed from a PLS model utilizing 10 ppm x 10 ppm x 0.5 Å bins and 7 latent variables (R2test of 0.617), and a KNN model using 2 ppm x 2 ppm x 0.5 Å bins and 6 neighbors (R2test of 0.622). Compared to individual models, improvement in predictive performance of approximately 10.5% (R2test of 0.685) was observed. Further experiments indicated that this improvement is likely an outcome of the complementarity of the information contained in 3D-SDAR matrices of different granularity. For similarly sized data sets of Aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) binders the consensus KNN and PLS models compare favorably to earlier reports. The ability of 3D-QSDAR (three dimensional quantitative spectral data-activity relationship) to provide structural interpretation was illustrated by a projection of the most frequently occurring bins on the standard coordinate space, thus allowing identification of structural features related to toxicity.
Holographic wavelength-division multiplexers with low cross-coupling (1987)

Fiber-optic multichannel wavelength-division multiplexers (WDMs) with extremely low cross-coupling losses (&lt; −60 dB), based on high optical density (OD) holographic filters, are proposed. The basic architecture of multimode holographic WDMs consists of a cascade of high OD Lippmann-Bragg holograms in waveguide geometry. Based on the optical performance of high-efficiency holographic technology 1 developed in the near-UV, visible, and near-IR regions, the intrinsic losses per channel can be as small as 0.05 dB. The number of channels in both multiplexing and demultiplexing modes can exceed 10 with channel separation being 10–15 nm. Multichannel WDMs with low intrinsic and cross-coupling losses are particularly desirable in the next-generation fiber-optic local area network applications.
Basic metabolic evaluation for nephrolithiasis (2009)

The goal of the physician when evaluating patients with nephrolithiasis should be to provide a simple, financially acceptable work-up which yields information that can be directly applied to directed medical and dietary therapies.(1) Most would agree that stone prevention should be primary goal of treating patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Yet, debate continues as to which to patients should undergo metabolic evaluation and to what extent the evaluation should be performed.
Application of neural network model for ore boundary delineation based on geophysical logging data (2002)

In a mining operation, knowledge regarding the ore boundary is extremely important. Mining cost and ore quality largely depend on this information. The conventional technique to get this information is diamond core drilling. The disadvantages of this technique are that it is very expensive and time consuming. In recent years, geophysical logging has been introduced to the mining industry to get this ore boundary information. However, effective interpretation to delineate the ore boundary from the geophysical logging data is still a problem. In this paper, a back propagation neural network model is applied to delineation of the ore boundary based on borehole 4 geophysical parameters logging data in a Swedish underground mine. Three boreholes geophysical logging data was tested for ore boundary delineation purpose. The result from the neural network model about the ore boundary delineation is encouraging and much better than the existing geophysical logging data interpretation techniques.
A 1.3 GSample/s 10-tap full-rate variable-latency self-timed FIR filter with clocked interfaces (2003)

A 6 b 10-tap digital FIR filter has a self-timed datapath, clocked interfaces, and variable latency. The architecture of the filter is full rate, distributed arithmetic with signed-digit offset binary (SDOB) number representation. The 0.45 mm/sup 2/ circuit, in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, is operational from 1.2 V to 2.1 V power supply, and has 80 mW dissipation at 300 MSample/s and 4 cycles of latency, and 500 mW at 1.3 GSample/s and 7 cycles of latency.
Photonic crystals with rainbow colors by centrifugation-assisted assembly of colloidal lignin nanoparticles (2023)

Photonic crystals are optical materials that are often fabricated by assembly of particles into periodically arranged structures. However, assembly of lignin nanoparticles has been limited due to lacking methods and incomplete understanding of the interparticle forces and packing mechanisms. Here we show a centrifugation-assisted fabrication of photonic crystals with rainbow structural colors emitted from the structure covering the entire visible spectrum. Our results show that centrifugation is crucial for the formation of lignin photonic crystals, because assembly of lignin nanoparticles without centrifugation assistance leads to the formation of stripe patterns rather than photonic crystals. We further prove that the functions of centrifugation are to classify lignin nanoparticles according to their particle size and produce monodispersed particle layers that display gradient colors from red to violet. The different layers of lignin nanoparticles were assembled in a way that created semi-closed packing structures, which gave rise to coherent scattering. The diameter of the lignin nanoparticles in each color layer is smaller than that predicted by a modified Bragg's equation. In situ optical microscope images provided additional evidence on the importance of dynamic rearrangement of lignin nanoparticles during their assembly into semi-closed packing structures. The preparation of lignin nanoparticles combined with the methodology for their classification and assembly pave the way for sustainable photonic crystals.
Nanomaterial Interactions with Human Neutrophils (2018)

Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and the first point of contact between many drug delivery formulations and human cells. Despite their prevalence and implication in a range of immune functions, little is known about how human neutrophils respond to synthetic particulates. Here, we describe how <i>ex vivo</i> human neutrophils respond to particles which vary in both size (5 nm to 2 <i>μ</i>m) and chemistry (lipids, poly(styrene), poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid), and gold). In particular, we show that (i) particle uptake is rapid, typically plateauing within 15 min; (ii) for a given particle chemistry, neutrophils preferentially take up larger particles at the nanoscale, up to 200 nm in size; (iii) uptake of nanoscale poly(styrene) and liposomal particles at concentrations of up to 5 <i>μ</i>g/mL does not enhance apoptosis, activation, or cell death; (iv) particle-laden neutrophils retain the ability to degranulate normally in response to chemical stimulation; and (v) ingested particles reside in intracellular compartments that are retained during activation and degranulation. Aside from the implications for design of intravenously delivered particulate formulations in general, we expect these observations to be of particular use for targeting nanoparticles to circulating neutrophils, their clearance site (bone marrow), or distal sites of active inflammation.
Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines and the Interim Storage of Their Reactor Compartments (2022)

Abstract At the end of the nuclear-powered submarines (NS) operational life, they have to be defueled, decommissioned, and their nuclear reactors have to be safely disposed of. Their specific decommissioning process may be adapted to suit the needs of the decommissioning and storage process of small modular reactors (SMR) and reactors installed in floating devices. This paper addresses: 1—the decommissioning of NS, 2—the safe interim storage of their reactor compartments (RC), and 3—proposes a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for the RC interim storage facility site selection process, all focused on the Brazilian case. This approach is based on the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
Revue bibliographique : Ascomycete Fungi of North America (2014)

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Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by Polymer-Supported Proline-Decorated Dendrons (2007)

The three types of non-peptidic ­hydroxyproline-based catalysts on dendronized supports Gn(Pro) (n = 1-3) were prepared from chloromethyl-terminated first-to-third generation of dendron resin Gn(Cl) (n = 1-3) with methyl ester of (2S,4R)-O-propargyl-N-trityl-4-hydroxyproline 1 (eq. 1). Asymmetric aldol reactions of acetone with benzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde were carried out in the presence of 0.3 equiv of catalyst Gn(Pro) (n = 1-3) in DMSO at room temperature for four days to give the aldol products in 35-95% yield and 67-85% ee (eq. 2).
Polymer‐Supported Proline‐Decorated Dendrons: Dendritic Effect in Asymmetric Aldol Reaction. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Laparoscopic Splenopexy for Adult Wandering Spleen: Sandwich Method With Two Sheets of Absorbable Knitted Mesh (2000)

Wandering spleen is a rare entity with a constant danger of splenic torsion leading to splenomegaly and infarction, which requires surgery. The authors describe a 30-year-old woman with intermittent left hypochondralgia and back pain with wandering spleen, who was successfully treated with a new method of laparoscopic splenopexy. In this procedure, two sheets of absorbable knitted mesh were used to sandwich the detorsed spleen. The procedure is feasible and less invasive, without impaired splenic function, and is applicable even for adult splenomegalic wandering spleen.
Ohmic contact junction of carbon nanotubes fabricated byin situelectron beam deposition (2006)

We present experimental evidence of in situ fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube junctions via electron beam induced deposition. The tip-to-tip interconnection of the nanotubes involves the alignment of two nanotubes via a piezodriven nanomanipulator and nano-welding by electron beam deposition. Hydrocarbon contamination from the pump oil vapour of the vacuum system of the TEM chamber was used as the solder; this is superior to the already available metallic solders because its composition is identical to the carbon nanotube. The hydrocarbon deposition, with perfect wettability, on the nanotubes establishes strong mechanical binding between the two nanotubes to form an integrated structure. Consequently, the nanotubes cross-linked by the hydrocarbon solder produce good electrical and mechanical connections. The joint dimension was determined by the size of the electron beam, which results in a sound junction with well-defined geometry and the smallest junction size obtained so far. In situ electric measurement showed a linear current–voltage property for the multi-walled nanotube junction.