gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental nonlinear optics in microstructure fiber (2002)

Recent experimental investigations of nonlinear optics in microstructure fibers (MFs) have confirmed that one can easily observe a variety of interesting phenomena in such fibers with high efficiency. The combination of a small effective core area with single-mode waveguide behavior over a wide wavelength range and with engineerable dispersion characteristics may allow one to overcome many of the drawbacks of fiber-based devices by taking greater advantage of the relatively weak /spl chi//sup (3)/ nonlinearity of glass in MFs. We address our recent experimental investigation into the applications of nonlinear-fiber optics using MFs. In particular, we explore the potential for using MFs in broadband optical amplifiers, wavelength shifters, and all-optical switches. Our experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using MF to perform essential functions in high-speed all-optical processing.
Enhanced processing in arrays of optimally tuned nonlinear biomimetic sensors: A coupling-mediated Ringelmann effect and its dynamical mitigation (2017)

Inspired by recent results on self-tunability in the outer hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, we describe an array of magnetic sensors where each individual sensor can self-tune to an optimal operating regime. The self-tuning gives the array its "biomimetic" features. We show that the overall performance of the array can, as expected, be improved by increasing the number of sensors but, however, coupling between sensors reduces the overall performance even though the individual sensors in the system could see an improvement. We quantify the similarity of this phenomenon to the Ringelmann effect that was formulated 103 years ago to account for productivity losses in human and animal groups. We propose a global feedback scheme that can be used to greatly mitigate the performance degradation that would, normally, stem from the Ringelmann effect.
Bioinspired Surface Treatments for Improved Decontamination: Icephobic Surfaces (2017)

Abstract : This effort evaluates bioinspired coatings for use in a top-coat type application to identify those technologies that may improve decontamination capabilities for painted surfaces. This report details results for evaluation of an anti-ice coating developed by the University of MassachusettsLowell. Retention of the simulants paraoxon, methyl salicylate, dimethyl methylphosphate, and diisopropyl fluorophosphates following treatment of contaminated surfaces with a soapy water solution is reported. Wetting behaviors and target droplet diffusion on the surfaces are also discussed.
The evaluation of the developed sound absorber in the flow duct. (2022)

In this paper, we show the results of measured sound absorption characteristic using the proposed acoustic metamaterial in the flow duct. The proposed acoustic metamaterial is based on the Helmholtz resonator with a flexible panel. The point of proposed sound absorber is that wide frequency range of highly sound absorption characteristic is achieved without using damping material. By the evaluation using the sound duct, the validity of this characteristic is indicated. And also, by the evaluation using the flow duct, we indicated this characteristic is sustained.
Distinct Patterns of Cytokine Regulation of APOBEC3G Expression and Activity in Primary Lymphocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells (2006)

Human APOBEC3G (A3G), a deoxycytidine deaminase, is a broadly acting antiretroviral factor expressed in a variety of cells. Mitogen activation of CD4 T cells enhances A3G expression and leads to recruitment of low molecular mass (LMM) A3G, which functions as a post-entry human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) restriction factor, into enzymatically inactive, high molecular mass (HMM) RNA-protein complexes that include Staufen RNA-transporting granules. We now report that interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-15 and, to a lesser extent, IL-7 enhance the expression of A3G in peripheral blood lymphocytes and that this effect is blocked by inhibitors of the JAK and MAPK signaling pathways. In mixed cultures of CD4+ T cells containing either HMM or LMM A3G, HIV preferentially infected cells containing HMM A3G. A3G shifted into a HMM complex when IL-2, -7, or -15 was added to resting T cells, likely explaining how cytokine treatment renders resting CD4+ T cells permissive to HIV infection. Similarly, poly(I:C)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced maturation of dendritic cells was associated with a sharp increase in A3G expression; however, this induction led to the accumulation of LMM A3G. Together, these results highlight the distinct inductive effects of select cytokines on A3G gene expression and A3G complex assembly that occur in natural cellular targets of HIV infection.
<title>Preliminary evaluation of an "intelligent" mammography workstation</title> (1993)

We are developing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes for the detection of clustered microcalcifications and masses in digital mammograms. Here, CAD refers to a diagnosis made by a radiologist who uses the computerized analyses of radiographic images as a 'second opinion'. The radiologist would make the final diagnostic decision. The aim of CAD is to improve diagnostic accuracy by reducing the number of missed diagnoses. In this preliminary evaluation, 30 clinical cases from December 1991 having a focal mammographic finding were analyzed.
Clustering of neutrophil leucocytes in serum: possible role of Clq-containing immune complexes (1993)

Clustering activity for neutrophil granulocytes was generated in pooled normal human serum (NHS) by incubation of the serum with preformed IgG aggregates, but not in heat-treated NHS (56 degrees C, 30 min), indicating that the function was complement-dependent. Judging from results of experiments with complement-deficient sera, and serum depleted of C1q, factor D and properdin, recruitment of the complement system beyond C1 was not required for induction of the activity. Zymosan treatment of NHS resulted in some neutrophil clustering activity, but recombinant C5a had a limited effect. C1q added to heat-treated NHS in conjunction with performed IgG aggregates supported neutrophil clustering in a dose-dependent manner. The serum C1q inhibitor, a chondroitin 4-sulphate proteoglycan known to interact with the collagenous part of C1q, clearly reduced neutrophil clustering in heat-treated NHS supplemented with C1q and IgG aggregates. The C1q inhibitor also reduced the inherent neutrophil clustering activity of some sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil clustering activity in SLE serum was earlier shown to be inversely related to the number of circulating neutrophils in vivo. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, we propose that C1q-containing immunoglobulin complexes mediate neutrophil clustering through C1q receptors, and that this might contribute to pathogenesis of immune complex diseases such as SLE.
Comparison of the Numerical and Clinical Accuracy of Four Continuous Glucose Monitors (2008)

Kovatchev et al. (1) reported anomalous performance results of three continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors during a hypoglycemia clamp study. The authors stated that “all three CGM sensors experienced periods of transient loss of sensitivity, particularly during hypoglycemia, identified as sensor readings holding steady at a very low glucose value (e.g., 2.1 mmol/l) ….”

This study did not evaluate CGM systems per their intended …
Choroidal Structural Changes in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization After Treatment With Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Over 1 Year (2016)

Thinning of subfoveal choroid without alteration in CVI was observed in eyes with mCNV treated with anti-VEGF therapy over 12 months. This finding may be explained by mechanical stretching in response to globe expansion.
The Anticoagulant Nafamostat Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 S Protein-Mediated Fusion in a Cell Fusion Assay System and Viral Infection In Vitro in a Cell-Type-Dependent Manner (2020)

Although infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19), is spreading rapidly worldwide, no drug has been shown to be sufficiently effective for treating COVID-19. We previously found that nafamostat mesylate, an existing drug used for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), effectively blocked Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) S protein-mediated cell fusion by targeting transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and inhibited MERS-CoV infection of human lung epithelium-derived Calu-3 cells. Here we established a quantitative fusion assay dependent on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S protein, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2, and found that nafamostat mesylate potently inhibited the fusion while camostat mesylate was about 10-fold less active. Furthermore, nafamostat mesylate blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells with an effective concentration (EC)<sub>50</sub> around 10 nM, which is below its average blood concentration after intravenous administration through continuous infusion. On the other hand, a significantly higher dose (EC<sub>50</sub> around 30 mM) was required for VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells, where the TMPRSS2-independent but cathepsin-dependent endosomal infection pathway likely predominates. Together, our study shows that nafamostat mesylate potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion in a cell fusion assay system and also inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro in a cell-type-dependent manner. These findings, together with accumulated clinical data regarding nafamostat's safety, make it a likely candidate drug to treat COVID-19.
Active site studies of neurohypophyseal hormones: comparison of oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin with analogs containing 4-D-glutamine (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive site studies of neurohypophyseal hormones: comparison of oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin with analogs containing 4-D-glutamineVictor J. Hruby, Henry I. Mosberg, and Venkatappa ViswanathaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 3, 837–841Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00367a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00367a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photochlorination studies. Part 6.—Cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene (1962)

P. B. Ayscough, A. J. Cocker, F. S. Dainton and S. Hirst, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 295 DOI: 10.1039/TF9625800295
Investigations on Optimum Roll-off Factor for DFT-Spread OFDM Based SC-FDMA Radio Access in Evolved UTRA Uplink (2006)

This paper investigates the optimum roll-off factor value of the spectrum shaping filter in DFT-Spread OFDM based single- carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) using the criterion of the maximum achievable throughput considering a cubic metric (CM) in the Evolved UTRA uplink. Simulation results show that the increase in throughput by employing the roll-off factor of greater than zero is small, although a roll-off factor of α = 0.16 slightly improves the throughput compared to that for α = 0.0 for 16QAM modulation with high coding rates only when there is multiuser interference from/to the adjacent channels. Moreover, in the low received signal energy per-symbol-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ,) region where repetition coding is necessary, although we observe that alpha = 0.16 achieves higher throughput than α = 0.0 for the respective repetition factor (RF) values owing to the lower CM value with α = 0.16, the advantage obtained when α = 0.16 is concealed by the use of a high RF value and the advantage of α = 0.16 is observed only with the highest RF value, i.e., minimum modulation and coding scheme. As a result, we conclude that the benefits to using a high roll-off factor that provides a low CM are minor and subsequently, spectrum shaping with a roll-off factor of greater than zero is not necessary in the average received E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> region in cellular environments.
Molecular and genetic characterization of human keratinocytes transformed with ionizing radiation (1995)

Abstract The molecular mechanisms which underlie the biological effects of exposure to ionizing radiation have particular relevance to radiation protection and risk assessment since most cancers are of epithelial origin. It is important to obtain a better understanding of radiation‐induced oncogenic transformation in this cell type. Our previous studies have demonstrated that both X‐rays and fission neutrons can transform immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes to a malignant phenotype. In both studies, exposure to ionizing radiation led to the development of morphologically altered cells and focus formation at confluence. These radiation‐transformed cultures grew with an increased saturation density, exhibited anchorage‐independent growth, and formed tumors in athymic mice. These radiation studies have been expanded to include a molecular analysis of the cellular ras genes and the tumor suppressor gene p53. Single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing demonstrated the absence of point mutations, deletions, and rearrangements in codons 12/13 and 61 in the Ha‐ ras , Ki‐ ras , or N‐ ras genes and exons 2–11 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Karyotypic analysis of these human keratinocytes indicated a loss of heterozygosity at the tumor suppressor loci RBI, DCC, APC, MTS1, and WT1 upon immortalization. Furthermore, karyotypic analysis of the X‐ray‐treated keratinocytes in relation to their tumorigenic potential indicated that the development of malignancy was associated with a duplication of material on chromosome 11 between regions q14 and q22. This additional material on chromosome 11 at q14/q22 was observed in all of the irradiated tumorigenic keratinocytes. A similar tandem duplication of the 11q13&gt;q23 region has been observed in malignant lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma and in head and neck tumors. Deletions in the same region were also observed in the irradiated non‐tumorigenic cells. Together, these observations indicate that this region of chromosome 11 contains gene (s) with a role in tumorigenicity and that the duplication observed in chromosome 11 may be the primary event leading to radiation‐induced transformation of these immortalized human keratinocytes. These studies demonstrate that mutations in either the cellular p53 or ras genes do not occur in these immortalized human epithelial cells (RHEK‐1) when transformed to a malignant phenotype with ionizing radiation. Furthermore, specific regions on chromosome 11 may be a target for the transforming effects of ionizing radiation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deformable Sheet Metal Fixturing: Principles, Algorithms, and Simulations (1996)

Fixture design is an important consideration in all manufacturing operations. Central to this design is selecting and positioning the locating points. While substantial literature exists in this area, most of it is for prismatic or solid workpieces. This paper deals with sheet metal fixture design. An “N-2-1” locating principle has been proposed and verified to be valid for deformable sheet metal parts as compared to the widely accepted “3-2-1” principle for rigid bodies. Based on the “N-2-1” principle algorithms for optimal fixture design are presented using finite element analysis and nonlinear programming methods to find the best “N” locating points such that total deformation of the deformable sheet metal is minimized. A simulation package called OFixDesign is introduced and numerical examples are presented to validate the “N-2-1” principle and optimal sheet metal fixture design approach.
Ultrafast Vibrational Spectroscopy Study of the Photochemistry of 2-Methoxy-6-Methoxycarbonylphenyl Azide (2010)

First Page
The Role of a Cytokinin Antagonist in the Progression of Clubroot Disease (2023)

<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> is an obligate biotrophic pathogen causing clubroot disease in cruciferous plants. Infected plant organs are subject to profound morphological changes, the roots form characteristic galls, and the leaves are chlorotic and abscise. The process of gall formation is governed by timely changes in the levels of endogenous plant hormones that occur throughout the entire life cycle of the clubroot pathogen. The homeostasis of two plant hormones, cytokinin and auxin, appears to be crucial for club development. To investigate the role of cytokinin and auxin in gall formation, we used metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> infected with clubroot, focusing on the late stages of the disease, where symptoms were more pronounced. Loss-of-function mutants of three cytokinin receptors, AHK2, AHK3, and CRE1/AHK4, were employed to further study the homeostasis of cytokinin in response to disease progression; <i>ahk</i> double mutants developed characteristic symptoms of the disease, albeit with varying intensity. The most susceptible to clubroot disease was the <i>ahk3 ahk4</i> double mutant, as revealed by measuring its photosynthetic performance. Quantification of phytohormone levels and pharmacological treatment with the cytokinin antagonist PI-55 showed significant changes in the levels of endogenous cytokinin and auxin, which was manifested by both enhanced and reduced development of disease symptoms in different genotypes.
Motion deblurring and depth estimation from multiple images (2016)

Scene depth variation is an important factor that leads to spatially-varying camera motion blur. Most of the previous methods require auxiliary cameras or user interaction to make depth-aware deblurring tractable. In this work, we propose to use a noisy/blurred/noisy image sequence and simultaneously recorded inertial measurements to jointly estimate scene depth and remove spatially-varying blur caused by depth variation and camera in-plane motion. The inertial data could provide initialization of camera motion parameters, while the noisy image pair preserve large-scale sharp edges from which a coarse disparity map can be generated. However, this initial estimate is not accurate enough to produce a high-quality clean image. Therefore, we develop an optimization scheme to refine depth, motion parameters and latent image alternately. A Markov Random Field (MRF) framework is formulated to solve for the depth map by exploiting both stereo cues and motion blur cues and the residual Richardson-Lucy algorithm is used to effectively suppress deconvolution ringing artifacts. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can address both depth estimation as well as image deblurring.
Radiation-induced circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce systemic lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (2023)

Severe and prolonged lymphopenia frequently occurs in patients with glioblastoma after standard chemoradiotherapy and has been associated with worse survival, but its underlying biological mechanism is not well understood. To address this, we performed a correlative study in which we collected and analyzed peripheral blood of patients with glioblastoma (<i>n</i> = 20) receiving chemoradiotherapy using genomic and immune monitoring technologies. RNA sequencing analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed an elevated concentration of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) regulatory genes in patients with lymphopenia when compared with patients without lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy. Additional analysis including flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed increased numbers of circulating MDSC in patients with lymphopenia when compared with patients without lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy. Preclinical murine models were also established and demonstrated a causal relationship between radiation-induced MDSC and systemic lymphopenia using transfusion and depletion experiments. Pharmacological inhibition of MDSC using an arginase-1 inhibitor (CB1158) or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (tadalafil) during radiation therapy (RT) successfully abrogated radiation-induced lymphopenia and improved survival in the preclinical models. CB1158 and tadalafil are promising drugs in reducing radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients with glioblastoma. These results demonstrate the promise of using these classes of drugs to reduce treatment-related lymphopenia and immunosuppression.
What is Next in Anion‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future (2022)

As highlighted by the recent roadmaps from the European Union and the United States, water electrolysis is the most valuable high-intensity technology for producing green hydrogen. Currently, two commercial low-temperature water electrolyzer technologies exist: alkaline water electrolyzer (A-WE) and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE). However, both have major drawbacks. A-WE shows low productivity and efficiency, while PEM-WE uses a significant amount of critical raw materials. Lately, the use of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM-WE) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of the current commercial systems. AEM-WE could become the cornerstone to achieve an intense, safe, and resilient green hydrogen production to fulfill the hydrogen targets to achieve the 2050 decarbonization goals. Here, the status of AEM-WE development is discussed, with a focus on the most critical aspects for research and highlighting the potential routes for overcoming the remaining issues. The Review closes with the future perspective on the AEM-WE research indicating the targets to be achieved.