gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypervisors as a Foothold for Personal Computer Security: An Agenda for the Research Community (2012)

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to propose the creation of a security-enhancing hypervisor for PCs as a collaborative agenda for the research community. This agenda is not necessarily about answering fundamentally new research questions. Rather, it is a call to action about a rare chance for the community to have substantial impact. If researchers demonstrate compelling near-term benefits from a modest security layer, then OS vendors may adopt such a layer as a way to increase security without costly reengineering. The introduction of this secure foothold into the consumer software stack could then yield significant long-term benefits by providing a much better avenue for deploying security solutions. This agenda consists of two parts: (1) exploring how hypervisors can address end-user security issues and (2) exploring how to architect a small, secure hypervisor that provides several of these facilities. We believe that there are interesting and worthwhile challenges in both parts. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We begin by explaining why hypervisors provide a highly attractive insertion point for security (Section 2) and summarizing work in this area (Section 3). We then discuss security facilities that a hypervisor can provide in Section 4, with a focus on trusted paths to online services. We conclude by discussing challenges associated with our proposal in Section 5.
P4‐217: Novel Aβ specific recombinant monoclonal antibodies with high sensitivity (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral deficit, and is the major form of dementia. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is a main component of extracellular amyloid plaques, as one of hallmarks of AD. In this study, we have developed specific antibodies suitable for detecting Aβ. Anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies were generated by phage display technology. To characterize the antibodies, we performed direct ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), sandwich ELISA and epitope mapping. Generated recombinant monoclonal antibodies, expressed from different clones, revealed high affinity against Aβ. The identified epitopes of antibodies were within the N-terminus of Aβ peptide sequence. Our newly developed antibodies are suitable for diagnostic assay for detecting amyloid beta in human body fluid.
Thrust Measurements using Acoustic Sensing on a Turbofan Engine Exhaust Plume (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3476.vid An acoustic time-of-flight sensor is operated across a turbofan exhaust plume, and is calibrated to provide nozzle thrust in a ground test cell. Validation of the technique was performed on an AE3007-A1E turbofan engine at a Rolls-Royce facility in Indianapolis. Using a pneumatic horn and a set of microphones, the acoustic time-of-flight across the exhaust plume was estimated. A correlation-based approach was then used to relate the acoustic time-of-flight to the thrust produced by the engine. The thrust estimates resulting from this single-receiver approach matched load cell data within an RMS error of 1.1% full scale. The same approach was also used to estimate the thrust of a TFE731-2B engine at Virginia Tech. In that case, the estimated thrust matched load cell data to within an RMS error of 1.5% full scale.
Functional Proteomics Study Reveals That N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V Reinforces the Invasive/Metastatic Potential of Colon Cancer through Aberrant Glycosylation on Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase- (2007)

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) has been reported to be up-regulated in invasive/metastatic cancer cells, but a comprehensive understanding of how the transferase correlates with the invasive/metastatic potential is not currently available. Through a glycomics approach, we identified 30 proteins, including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), as a target protein for GnT-V in human colon cancer cell WiDr. TIMP-1 was aberrantly glycosylated as characterized by the addition of beta1,6-N-acetylglucosamine, polylactosaminylation, and sialylation in GnT-V-overexpressing WiDr cells. Compared with normal TIMP-1, the aberrantly glycosylated TIMP-1 showed the weaker inhibition on both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and this aberrancy was closely associated with cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vivo as well as in vitro. Integrated data, both of TIMP-1 expression level and aberrant glycosylation, could provide important information to aid to improve the clinical outcome of colon cancer patients.
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy: from therapeutic vaccines to prophylactic approaches (2012)

Immunoglobulin E-mediated allergies affect more than 25% of the population. Allergen exposure induces a variety of symptoms in allergic patients, which include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, dermatitis, food allergy and life-threatening systemic anaphylaxis. At present, allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT), which is based on the administration of the disease-causing allergens, is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergy. Current therapeutic allergy vaccines are still prepared from relatively poorly defined allergen extracts. However, with the availability of the structures of the most common allergen molecules, it has become possible to produce well-defined recombinant and synthetic allergy vaccines that allow specific targeting of the mechanisms of allergic disease. Here we provide a summary of the development and mechanisms of SIT, and then review new forms of therapeutic vaccines that are based on recombinant and synthetic molecules. Finally, we discuss possible allergen-specific strategies for prevention of allergic disease.
Alkylation and acylation of phenylthio 2,3-dideoxyhex-2-enopyranosides at the anomeric centre by polarity inversion (1987)

Alkylation and acylation of phenylthio 2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside derivatives at the anomeric centre by polarity inversion give C-1 alkylated or acylated phenylthio 2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosides.
Time-resolved optical studies of InGaN LED structures grown on semipolar and nonpolar bulk GaN substrates (2008)

We present time-resolved photoluminescence on InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum well LEDs grown on nonpolar and semipolar bulk GaN substrates and investigate increasing indium concentrations toward higher power, longer wavelength light emitters.
Facility location (2005)

In this paper, we initiate the study of the approximability of the facility location problem in a distributed setting. In particular, we explore a trade-off between the amount of communication and the resulting approximation ratio. We give a distributed algorithm that, for every constant k, achieves an O(√k(mρ)1/√klog(m+n)) approximation in O(k) communication rounds where message size is bounded to O(log n) bits. The number of facilities and clients are $m$ and n, respectively, and ρ is a coefficient that depends on the cost values of the instance. Our technique is based on a distributed primal-dual approach for approximating a linear program, that does not form a covering or packing program.
Visual object-oriented programming (1993)

More and more researchers and developers are recognizing the potential of visual programming to make OOP easier and less error-prone. Yet, in spite of much recent activity in the area of visual programming, there are still a number of unsolved problems. The purposes of this workshop were both to determine and to advance the state of the art for visual OOP by:
TCR Vβ usage and clonality of T cells isolated from progressing and rejected tumor sites before and after in vitro culture (2000)

A gelatin sponge model of concomitant tumor immunity was employed in order to examine the clonality of T cells associated with progressing and rejected tumor sites. Here we show that freshly isolated T cells bearing TCR V(beta)1, CDR3 RPGTGN, J(beta)1.1 and TCR V(beta)8, CDR3 GD, J(beta)1.6 predominated progressing and rejected tumor sites. Despite the similarity in T cell populations, the T cells from rejected tumor sites were capable of killing the autologous tumor cells, whereas T cells from progressing tumor sites were not able to do so. The differing cytolytic ability could not be attributed to a difference in TCR zeta chain protein expression levels between both T cell populations. After a 5 day mixed lymphocyte tumor culture the T cells from the progressing tumor site were capable of killing autologous tumor cells, which suggested changes took place within the cell population during in vitro culture. Further TCR analysis revealed T cells bearing TCR V(beta)1, CDR3 RPGTGN, J(beta)1.1 and TCR V(beta)8, CDR3 GD, J(beta)1.6 were not expanded following the in vitro culture. These data suggest that the lack of cytotoxicity of freshly isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was not due to abnormal TCR zeta chain expression or major differences in the TCR V(beta) usage. Additionally, the gain of TIL effector function did not correlate with an expansion of the TCR bearing T cells found to predominate the in vivo response. These data suggest that the predominant TCR V(beta) used by lymphocytes infiltrating regressing or rejected tumors may not represent the tumor reactive T cells that grow in culture or respond to the autologous tumor in vitro.
FeelSleeve (2015)

Engaging children with traditional approaches in education, especially reading, grows ever more difficult in the face of their attachment to tablets and computer games. We explore the possibility of making the story reading experience more interesting and memorable for children using haptic augmentation. In this paper, we present FeelSleeve, an interface that allows children to feel story events in their hands while they are reading on a mobile device. FeelSleeve uses transducers and audio output from the tablet within a gloved attachment to create vibratory effects that are meaningfully related to story content. We describe a study investigating whether embedding such haptic feedback into stories enhances reading for six to nine year olds. Our results indicate that story events accompanied by haptic feedback are better comprehended and appear to be more salient in memory. These results provide evidence that haptic effects have the potential to improve children's reading experience and make it more memorable.
Dynamic simulation of articulated soft robots (2020)

Soft robots are primarily composed of soft materials that can allow for mechanically robust maneuvers that are not typically possible with conventional rigid robotic systems. However, owing to the current limitations in simulation, design and control of soft robots often involve a painstaking trial. With the ultimate goal of a computational framework for soft robotic engineering, here we introduce a numerical simulation tool for limbed soft robots that draws inspiration from discrete differential geometry based simulation of slender structures. The simulation incorporates an implicit treatment of the elasticity of the limbs, inelastic collision between a soft body and rigid surface, and unilateral contact and Coulombic friction with an uneven surface. The computational efficiency of the numerical method enables it to run faster than real-time on a desktop processor. Our experiments and simulations show quantitative agreement and indicate the potential role of predictive simulations for soft robot design.
Growth of monolithic full-color GaN-based LED with intermediate carrier blocking layers (2016)

Specially designed intermediate carrier blocking layers (ICBLs) in multi-active regions of III-nitride LEDs were shown to be effective in controlling the carrier injection distribution across the active regions. In principle, the majority of carriers, both holes and electrons, can be guided into targeted quantum wells and recombine to generate light of specific wavelengths at controlled current-densities. Accordingly we proposed and demonstrated a novel monolithic InGaN-based LED to achieve three primary colors of light from one device at selected current densities. This LED structure, which has three different sets of quantum wells separated with ICBLs for three primary red-green-blue (RGB) colors, was grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Results show that this LED can emit light ranging from 460 to 650 nm to cover the entire visible spectrum. The emission wavelength starts at 650 nm and then decreases to 460 nm or lower as the injection current increases. In addition to three primary colors, many other colors can be obtained by color mixing techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of monolithic full-color LED grown by a simple growth technique without using re-growth process.
Semiconductor-metal transition in ALD deposited vanadium oxide thin films and nanoparticles (2016)

We report on ALD of vanadium oxides from tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)vanadium as metal-organic precursor, with a comparison between H2O, O3 and O2 plasma as reactants. Depending on the reactant, the as deposited film consisted of amorphous VO2 or crystalline V2O5, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Figure 1(a)) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In-situ XRD was used to monitor the crystalline phase formation during post-deposition annealing. By carefully controlling the oxygen partial pressure, relatively smooth films of single phase VO2(R), VO2(B), V6O13 and V2O5 could be obtained. Depending on the reactant used during deposition, VO2(R) and VO2(B) were stabilized in a mixture of 5000 Pa H2 and 20 Pa O2 mixture during annealing (Figure 1(b)). The tetragonal VO2(R) films showed a reversible semiconductor-metal transition to monoclinic VO2(M1) during cooling below 68°C, often referred to as a metal-insulator transition. Accompanied with this structural transition, changes in sheet resistance of more than three orders of magnitude were observed in films with a thickness from 10 to 30 nm, which is an improvement by an order of magnitude compared to sputtered films (Figure 1(c)). In addition, VO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by agglomeration of thinner films upon crystallization. These nanoparticles showed an optical semiconductor-metal transition with a hysteresis as large as 50°C (Figure 1(d)).
Single-atomic-layered quantum wells built in wide-gap semiconductorsLnCuOCh(Ln=lanthanide,Ch=chalcogen) (2004)

$\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{CuO}\mathrm{Ch}$ $(Ln=\mathrm{lanthanide},Ch=\mathrm{chalcogen})$ layered oxychalcogenides are wide-gap $p$-type semiconductors composed of alternately stacked ${(Ln}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}{)}^{2+}$ oxide layers and $({\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ch}}_{2}{)}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ chalcogenide layers. Energy band calculations revealed that $\mathrm{Cu}\ensuremath{-}Ch$ hybridized bands only spread in the $({\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ch}}_{2}{)}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ layers, which suggests that hole carriers in these bands are confined by the potential barriers formed by the ${(Ln}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}{)}^{2+}$ layers. Stepwise absorption spectra of a series of $\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{CuO}\mathrm{Ch}$ experimentally verified that an exciton in the $({\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ch}}_{2}{)}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ layers shows a two-dimensional behavior. These theoretical and experimental results indicate that $\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{CuO}\mathrm{Ch}$ has ``natural multiple quantum wells'' built into its layered structure.
Development of an ultra‐high‐temperature process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose. I. The properties of two thermostable β‐glycosidases (1999)

Recombinant β-glycosidases from hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsβGly) and Pyrococcus furiosus (CelB) have been characterized with regard to their potential use in lactose hydrolysis at about 70°C or greater. Compared with SsβGly, CelB is approximately 15 times more stable against irreversible denaturation by heat, its operational half-life time at 80°C and pH 5.5 being 22 days. The stability of CelB but not that of SsβGly is decreased 4-fold in the presence of 200 mM lactose at 80°C. CelB displays a broader pH/activity profile than SsβGly, retaining at least 60% enzyme activity between pH 4 and 7. Both enzymes have a similar activation energy for lactose hydrolysis of approximately 75 kJ/mol (pH 5.5), and this is constant between 30 and 95°C. D-Galactose is a weak competitive inhibitor against the release of D-glucose from lactose (Ki ≈ 0.3 M), and at 80°C the ratio of Ki, D-galactose to Km,lactose is 2.5 and 4.0 for CelB and SsβGly, respectively. SsβGly is activated up to 2-fold in the presence of D-glucose with respect to the maximum rate of glycosidic bond cleavage, measured with o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactoside as the substrate. By contrast, CelB is competitively inhibited by D-glucose and has a Ki of 76 mM. The transfer of the galactosyl group from lactose to acceptors such as lactose or D-glucose rather than water is significant for both enzymes and depends on the initial lactose concentration as well as the time-dependent substrate/product ratio during batchwise lactose conversion. It is approximately 1.8 times higher for SsβGly, compared with CelB. Overall, CelB and SsβGly share their catalytic properties with much less thermostable β-glycosidases and thus seem very suitable for lactose hydrolysis at ≥70°C. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 64: 322–332, 1999.
Low noise, high efficiency L-band EDFA with 980nmpumping (1999)

Low noise figures of 3.3–3.9 dB have been acheived in flat gain L-band EDFAs over 30 nm with &lt; 1 dB gain variation. A dual-stage configuration with optimised use of backward amplified spontaneous emission is employed for low noise and high efficiency operation with only 980 nm pumping.
Targeting of Nanoparticles: Folate Receptor (2010)

Nanoparticulate medicines offer the advantage of allowing delivery of large quantities of unmodified drug within the same particle. Nanoparticle uptake by cancer cells can, however, be compromised due to the large size and hydrophilicity of the particle. To circumvent cell penetration problems and simultaneously improve tumor specificity, nanoparticulate medicines have been linked to targeting ligands that bind to malignant cell surfaces and enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. In this chapter, we summarize multiple methods for delivering nanoparticles into cancer cells by folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, devoting special emphasis to folate-targeted liposomes. Folate receptor-mediated endocytosis has emerged as an attractive strategy for nanoparticle delivery due to both overexpression of the folate receptor on cancer cells and the rapid internalization of the receptor by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
iCareWell: Real-time Wellness Monitor (2011)

MERGENCE and proliferation of wearable physiological sensors and wireless communication standards and devices enable implementation of personal assistants that are capable of continual sensing and real-time processing of
Effect of Genotype and Farming System on Concentration of Mineral Elements in Organically and Conventionally Grown Cereals/ Genotipa Un Saimniekoðanas Sistçmas Ietekme Uz Minerâlvielu Saturu Bioloìiski Un Konvencionâli Audzçtos Graudaugos Section B Natural, exact, and applied sciences = (2014)

About half of the human population suffers from deficiency of mineral elements, mostly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The purpose of the research was to compare the concentration of Fe and Zn in grain of 19 spring barley (in Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes and the concentration of Zn and manganese (Mn) in grain of 19 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in organic and conventional management systems during two growing seasons. The average concentration of Fe in barley ranged from 32.51-86.85 mg·kg⁻¹ and was higher under conventional management (p < 0.001); the effect of genotype was significant (p = 0.014). The average concentration of Zn in barley ranged 16.79-48.51 mg·kg⁻¹ and was significantly higher under the organic system (p < 0.001); in wheat it was 21.52-29.89 mg·kg⁻¹ with no difference between the management systems; the effect of genotype was significant (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001 for barley and wheat, respectively). The average concentration of Mn in wheat ranged from 24.63-36.07 mg·kg⁻¹ and was higher under the conventional system (p < 0.001); significant differences between genotypes were observed (p < 0.001). Barley and wheat genotypes with higher concentrations of the investigated elements were identified for use in breeding for improvement of grain quality. Zn concentration correlated negatively with grain yield and positively with grain protein concentration.
Statistical methods for building better biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (2019)

The last two decades have witnessed an explosion in research focused on the development and assessment of novel biomarkers for improved prognosis of diseases. As a result, best practice standards guiding biomarker research have undergone extensive development. Currently, there is great interest in the promise of biomarkers to enhance research efforts and clinical practice in the setting of chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and glomerular disease. However, some have questioned whether biomarkers currently add value to the clinical practice of nephrology. The current state of the art pertaining to statistical analyses regarding the use of such measures is critical. In December 2014, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases convened a meeting, “Toward Building Better Biomarker Statistical Methodology,” with the goals of summarizing the current best practice recommendations and articulating new directions for methodological research. This report summarizes its conclusions and describes areas that need attention. Suggestions are made regarding metrics that should be commonly reported. We outline the methodological issues related to traditional metrics and considerations in prognostic modeling, including discrimination and case mix, calibration, validation, and cost‐benefit analysis. We highlight the approach to improved risk communication and the value of graphical displays. Finally, we address some “new frontiers” in prognostic biomarker research, including the competing risk framework, the use of longitudinal biomarkers, and analyses in distributed research networks.
Corticosteroid inhibition of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages (1995)

One of the major inducible cytokines secreted by mononuclear phagocytes is macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), which consists of two homologous polypeptides, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta. MIP-1 alpha possesses chemotactic and stimulatory activities for lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes and may play a role in various pulmonary inflammatory conditions. We investigated the expression and release of MIP-1 alpha from human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma and the inhibitory effects of corticosteroids. LPS and IL-1 beta only enhanced MIP-1 alpha mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Dexamethasone (10(-9) to 10(-4) M) inhibited the basal and induced production and expression of MIP-1 alpha. In PBM, dexamethasone (10(-6) M) reduced LPS- and IL-1 beta-stimulated production of MIP-1 alpha protein by 50 and 63%, respectively, maximally at 24 h, whereas the inhibition of mRNA expression occurred maximally at 4 h. Similar trends were observed for AM. MIP-1 alpha mRNA decay was only slightly decreased in the presence of dexamethasone. Inhibition of LPS-induced MIP-1 alpha mRNA by dexamethasone was attenuated by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, indicating the involvement of a protein intermediate. Corticosteroids are a potent inhibitor of IL-1 beta- and LPS-induced expression of MIP-1 alpha through mechanisms involving mainly inhibition of transcription and to a minor degree by reducing mRNA stability. Corticosteroids may be effective anti-inflammatory agents by preventing the expression of chemokines such as MIP-1 alpha.