gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis vs Synthesis-based Regularization for Combined Compressed Sensing and Parallel MRI Reconstruction at 7 Tesla (2018)

Compressed Sensing (CS) has allowed a significant reduction of acquisition times in MRI, especially in the high spatial resolution (e.g., 400 μm) context. Nonlinear CS reconstruction usually relies on analysis (e.g., Total Variation) or synthesis (e.g., wavelet) based priors and ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> regularization to promote sparsity in the transform domain. Here, we compare the performance of several orthogonal wavelet transforms with those of tight frames for MR image reconstruction in the CS setting combined with parallel imaging (multiple receiver coil). We show that overcomplete dictionaries such as the fast curvelet transform provide improved image quality as compared to orthogonal transforms. For doing so, we rely on an analysis-based formulation where the underlying ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> regularized criterion is minimized using a primal dual splitting method (e.g., Condat-Vũ algorithm). Validation is performed on ex-vivo baboon brain T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> MRI data collected at 7 Tesla and restrospectively under-sampled using non-Cartesian schemes (radial and Sparkling). We show that multiscale analysis priors based on tight frames instead of orthogonal transforms achieve better image quality (pSNR, SSIM) in particular at low signal-to-noise ratio.
Multidirectional development of IGBTs and diodes: low loss and tough but gentle (user‐friendly) power devices (2019)

From the power loss reduction and safety operation points of view, the direction of power device developments is simply one‐way. However, from the application point of view, the direction is wide‐ranging. There are a variety of requirements to be considered, such as switching waveforms, operational environments including not only the temperature range but also the combination of the humidity, the cosmic ray endurance, the package compactness and so on. In this study, several efforts are explained as the latest technologies.
On thallium incorporation in GaInTlAs layers grown on InP by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (2002)

The growth of GaInTlAs alloys on InP has been attempted by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. Thallium incorporation in Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As matrices was studied as a function of growth temperature, thallium flux and arsenic overpressure. At high temperatures (>350/spl deg/C) thallium segregates on the surface and evaporates whereas at intermediary temperatures (270/spl deg/C-350/spl deg/C) thallium segregates into droplets at the surface. Only in the low temperature range (180/spl deg/C-270/spl deg/C) thallium can be incorporated in some conditions, leading to mirror like surfaces. The thallium incorporation was evidenced by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). Up to 18% Tl content was incorporated into a Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As matrix. For these high Tl concentrations, Tl droplets are avoided and Tl incorporation is achieved only when using high arsenic pressures. This limits surface adatom diffusion and leads to amorphous, twinned or polycrystalline materials. Thus, single-crystalline layers have been grown successfully only for low Tl contents (4%) when the V/III beam equivalent pressure (BEP) ratio is chosen as low as possible (/spl sim/4) while avoiding thallium segregation and droplet formation.
Large scale transmit diversity in Q/V band feeder link with multiple gateways (2013)

Exploiting transmit diversity amid a high number of multiple gateways (GW) is a new research challenge in Q/V band satellite communication providing data rates of hundreds of Gbit/s. In this paper, we propose a practical switching strategy in a scenario with N+P GWs (N active and P redundant GWs) towards achieving GW transmit diversity. Differently from other works, the treatment in this paper is analytical and explores two key factors: outage performance and switching rate in detail. Further, the interplay between the number of redundant and active GWs on the availability is illustrated highlighting the contribution of the work towards system sizing.
Detection of Potato Virus X by One Incubation Europium Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay and ELISA (1988)

Summary A time-resolved fluorimmunoassay (TRFIA) with europium-labelled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to detect potato virus X (PVX) at a concentration of 5 pg/ml, in potato tuber extracts diluted up to 7 × 104-fold and leaf extracts diluted up to 2 × 107-fold. When mixed with potato leaf sap, PVX was detected at 100 pg/ml. TRFIA with simultaneous incubation of antigen and labelled antibody (one incubation) was two orders of magnitude more sensitive for PVX detection than the conventional double antibody sandwich ELISA. The fluorescence signal in TRFIA with separate incubations of antigen and labelled antibody (two incubations) with MAbs was linearly related to the virus concentration between 1.6 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml; the method can therefore be used for the quantification of PVX. PVX detection in plant specimens by one incubation ELISA with MAbs was generally 10 times more sensitive than the standard two incubation procedure. Europium TRFIA with MAbs to potato viruses was found to be a very sensitive method for the detection of PVX, potato virus M, potato virus S, potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus.
In–Bi low-temperature SLID bonding for piezoelectric materials (2018)

Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate low-temperature bonding for piezoelectric materials at temperatures well below the relevant Curie temperatures so as to avoid depolarization of the piezoelectric material during bonding. Design/methodology/approach Au-coated test samples of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are bonded to a WC-based resonant backing layer with In–Bi eutectic material in which the In–Bi metal system is a preform or thin, evaporated layers. The bonded samples are characterized using electrical impedance spectroscopy and cross-section microscopy. The first technique verifies the integrity of polarization and reveals the quality of the bondline in a non-destructive manner, particularly looking for voids and delaminations. The latter technique is destructive but gives more precise information and an overview of the structure. Findings Successful low-temperature (115°C) bonding with intact PZT polarization was demonstrated. The bondlines show a layered structure of Au/Au–In intermetallic compounds (with Bi inclusions)/Au, capable of withstanding temperatures as high as 271°C before remelting occurs. For bonded samples using In–Bi preform, repeatable bonds of high quality (very little voiding) were obtained, but the bonding time is long (1 h or more). For bonded samples using evaporated thin films of In–Bi, bonding can be performed in 30 min, but the process needs further optimization to be repeatable. Originality/value Low-temperature solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID) bonding is a novel technique, merging the fields of low-temperature solder bonding with the SLID/transient liquid phase (TLP) approach, which is normally used for much higher temperatures.
The Pten/PI3K pathway governs the homeostasis of Vα14iNKT cells (2006)

The tumor suppressor PTEN is mutated in many human cancers. We previously used the Cre-loxP system to generate mice (LckCrePten mice) with a Pten mutation in T-lineage cells. Here we describe the phenotype of Pten-deficient Valpha14iNKT cells. A failure in the development of Valpha14iNKT cells occurs in the LckCrePten thymus between stage 2 (CD44(high)NK1.1(-)) and stage 3 (CD44(high)NK1.1(+)), resulting in decreased numbers of peripheral Valpha14iNKT cells. In vitro, Pten-deficient Valpha14iNKT cells show reduced proliferation and cytokine secretion in response to alphaGalCer stimulation but enhanced inhibitory Ly49 receptor expression. Following interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with alphaGalCer, Pten-deficient Valpha14iNKT cells demonstrate activation of PI3K. Indeed, the effects of the Pten mutation require intact function of the PI3K subunits p110gamma and p110delta. In vivo, LckCrePten mice display reduced serum IFNgamma after alphaGalCer administration. Importantly, Valpha14iNKT cell-mediated protection against the metastasis of melanoma cells to the lung was impaired in the absence of Pten. Thus, the Pten/PI3K pathway is indispensable for the homeostasis and antitumor surveillance function of Valpha14iNKT cells.
Vapor Phase Self-Assembly of Fluorinated Monolayers on Silicon and Germanium Oxide (1997)

Molecular orientation in monomolecular thin organic films and surface coverage on Ge/Si oxide was measured by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A gas phase reactor allowed for precise control of surface hydration and reaction temperature during the deposition of monofunctional perfluorated alkylsilanes. It is therefore considered superior to solution-based silylation procedures commonly employed.
A safety study of a mixed-backbone oligonucleotide (GEM231) targeting the type I regulatory subunit alpha of protein kinase A using a continuous infusion schedule in patients with refractory solid tumors. (2003)

GEM231 administered as a continuous infusion is safe; however, continuous protracted dosing is limited by ST elevations. Alternative dosing schedules should include intermittent administration to minimize cumulative toxicity. Additional studies using intermittent continuous infusion schedules of GEM231 are warranted.
Acoustic transducer in system for gas temperature measurement in gas turbine engine (2023)

An apparatus for controlling operation of a gas turbine engine including at least one acoustic transmitter/receiver device located on a flow path boundary structure. The acoustic transmitter/receiver device includes an elongated sound passage defined by a surface of revolution having opposing first and second ends and a central axis extending between the first and second ends, an acoustic sound source located at the first end, and an acoustic receiver located within the sound passage between the first and second ends. The boundary structure includes an opening extending from outside the boundary structure to the flow path, and the second end of the surface of revolution is affixed to the boundary structure at the opening for passage of acoustic signals between the sound passage and the flow path.
The application of CW laser collisionally induced fluorescence modelling to determine neon excited-state electron collisional rate coefficients (2000)

We describe a method for the determination of rate coefficients for collisional excitation out of the 1s states of a noble gas using continuous-wave laser collisionally induced fluorescence (CW LCIF, i.e. fluorescence from an upper level which is not that of the laser transition). The intensity of CW LCIF lines from an upper 2p level that is strongly coupled to an influential 1s level is dominated by the electron collisional rate out of that level. By an appropriate choice of LCIF line we fit our recently published theory to experimental observations to determine a set of electron collisional direct 1s mixing and 1s-2p excitation rate coefficients. The values of coefficients determined in this way show very good agreement with those which have been calculated using cross section data from the literature with the measured electron temperature. For cases where accurate cross section data are available for the 1s-2p transitions CW LCIF diagnostics should, via these rate coefficients, provide reliable values of the bulk electron temperature.
Using Read-Copy-Update Techniques for System V IPC in the Linux 2.5 Kernel. (2003)

Read-copy update (RCU) allows lock-free read-only access to data structures that are concurrently modified on SMP systems. Despite the concurrent modifications, read-only access requires neither locks nor atomic instructions, and can often be written as if the data were unchanging, in a “CS 101” style. RCU is typically applied to read-mostly linked structures that the read-side code traverses unidirectionally. Previous work has shown no clear best RCU implementation for all measures of performance. This paper combines ideas from several RCU implementations in an attempt to create an overall best algorithm, and presents a RCU-based implementation of the System V IPC primitives, improving performance by more than an order of magnitude, while increasing code size by less than 5 % (151 lines). This implementation has been accepted into the Linux 2.5 kernel.
THE ROLE OF TUBULIN IN THE STEROIDOGENIC RESPONSE OF MURINE ADRENAL AND RAT LEYDIG CELLS (1981)

The Y-1 murine adrenal and CCL43 rat Leydig tumor cell lines were used as model systems for studying the role of tubulin in steroidogenesis. Prior to the stimulation of steroidogenesis it was observed that most of the tubulin present in these cells, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, was in a 0.2-0.6 micrometers dia. granular form. When these cells were treated with ACTH and cAMP, respectively, it was observed that the granular form of tubulin was replaced by many organized microtubules. These granules were identified in the electron microscope using tubulin antibody/ferritin localization and appeared to be membrane-bound and identical to structures previously described as containing cholesterol. We have isolated these structures using cell homogenization and sucrose gradient centrifugation and analyzed the steroid composition by thin layer chromatography (94% cholesterol, 6% cholesterol ester). These granules also contained tubulin as determined by gel electrophoresis. In addition, they contained acid phosphatase as determined by their ability to hydrolize beta-glycerolphosphate. We suggest that tubulin may be involved in the sequestering of cholesterol by preventing its transport to the mitochondria where conversion to pregnenolone takes place, and that steroidogenesis is increased when tubulin is dissociated from the cholesterol granules.
Studying the Wake of a Marine Current Turbine Using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (2015)

Wake characteristics of marine current turbines are of significant importance to the development of the marine current power source. Turbine wake recovery determines spacing of turbines in arrays, ...
Mechanism of Threshold Voltage Reduction and Hole Mobility Enhancement in pMOSFETs Employing Sub-1nm EOT HfSiON by Use of Substrate Fluorine Ion Implantation (2006)

2006 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Mechanism of Threshold Voltage Reduction and Hole Mobility Enhancement in pMOSFETs Employing Sub-1nm EOT HfSiON by Use of Substrate Fluorine Ion Implantation
Load-Independent Wireless Power Transfer System for Multiple Loads Over a Long Distance (2018)

In this paper, a novel long-distance wireless power transfer (WPT) system using repeater coils is proposed to provide power supplies for the driver circuits in high-voltage applications, such as flexible alternative current transmission systems. Different from most of the existing wireless repeater systems where the load is only connected to the last coil and the repeater coils function solely as power relays, in the proposed system, multiple loads are powered by the repeaters. The repeater coils transfer power not only to the subsequent coils but also to the loads connected to them. Dual coil design is proposed for the repeaters with which load-independent characteristics are obtained with a suitable design of coupling coefficients. As a result, the load power can be easily adjusted without affecting each other. Load current characteristics and system efficiency have been analyzed in detail. The power transfer capability of the proposed system is illustrated for different coil quality factors and coupling coefficients. An experimental setup with 10 loads has been built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed long-distance WPT system. The maximum reachable system efficiency is about 84%.
Growth hormone (GH) receptor knockout mice reveal actions of GH in lung development (2005)

The presence of growth hormone (GH) and GH receptors (GHRs) in the lung suggests it is an autocrine/paracrine target site for pulmonary GH action and/or an endocrine site of pituitary GH action. Roles for GH in lung growth or pulmonary function are, however, uncertain. The possibility that pituitary and/or pulmonary GH have physiological roles in lung development has therefore been investigated in GHR knockout (KO or -/-) mice, using a proteomics approach to determine if an absence of GH-signaling affects the proteome of the developing lung. More than 600 proteins were detected by 2-DE in the lungs of control [GHR (+/+)] and GHR (-/-) mice at the end of the alveolarization period (at day 14 postnatally). Of these, 39 differed significantly in protein content at the p>0.05 level [6 were of higher abundance in the GHR (-/-) group, 33 were of lower abundance] and 17 differed at the p>0.02 level [5 of higher abundance in the GHR (-/-) group, 12 of lower abundance] and 7 were definitively identified by MS. Vimentin, a protein involved in cellular proliferation, was reduced in content by approximately 75% in the lungs of the GHR (-/-) mice. Three proteins involved in oxidative protection [SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein, peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1] were also of lower content in the GHR (-/-) lungs (by approximately 88%, 81% and 70%, respectively). Prdx6 is also involved in lipid and surfactant metabolism, as is apolipoprotein A-IV, the lung content of which was reduced by approximately 73% in these mice. Proteasome 26S ATPase subunit 4, a protein involved in the non-lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins, and electron flavoprotein alpha subunit , involved in intracellular metabolism, were also reduced in content in the lungs of the GHR (-/-) mice (by approximately 70% and 49%, respectively). These results therefore suggest that these proteins are normally dependent upon GH signaling, and that GH is normally involved in early lung growth, oxidative protection, lipid and energy metabolism and in proteasomal activity. These roles may reflect endocrine actions of pituitary GH and/or local autocrine/paracrine actions of GH produced within the lung.
Characterization of Anisotropic Elastic Moduli and Stress for Unconventional Reservoirs Using Laboratory Static and Dynamic Geomechanical Data (2015)

Abstract In a vertically transverse isotropic (VTI) medium, accurate prediction of the vertical and horizontal Young's moduli (E) and Poisson's ratios (ν) is crucial to predicting minimum horizontal stress (σhmin) and hence selecting drilling mud, cement weights, and perforation locations. Fully characterizing geomechanical properties of VTI shale requires five independent stiffness coefficients: C33, C44, C66, C11, and C13. In a vertical well, C33 and C44 are directly calculated from the velocity of the vertically propagating P- and S- waves, while C66 is estimated from the Stoneley wave velocity. To obtain C11 and C13, an empirical model must be employed. This study integrates laboratory mechanical and sonic measurements to evaluate the ANNIE and modified-ANNIE models and extend the dynamic-to-static conversion equation. Laboratory static and dynamic geomechanical methods were applied to multiple core materials extracted at different depths from a target shale play. The dynamic elastic moduli were measured using a laboratory sonic scanner; velocities were measured in different directions to obtain C33, C44, C11, C66, and C13. The dynamic data were then applied in the ANNIE and modified-ANNIE models for estimating the dynamic elastic moduli, including dynamic Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. The static elastic moduli were measured using axial compression experiments; horizontal and vertical core plugs were tested to account for anisotropy. Static and dynamic results illustrated horizontal Young's moduli were predominantly higher than vertical Young's moduli, which suggested a horizontal layered structure. Vertical Poisson's ratios can be greater or smaller than horizontal Poisson's ratios, which is consistent with the prediction of the modified-ANNIE model. Conversely, the ANNIE model always predicts ν(vert) ≥ ν(horz). Static and dynamic data illustrated the anisotropic σhmin was predominantly higher than the isotropic σhmin. This implied that using an isotropic model to predict laminated shale will underestimate σhmin. It was noticed that the static Young's modulus increased with decreasing porosity for the target interval. The elastic moduli measured from the dynamic method were consistently higher than those measured from the static method. The dynamic and static data were used to fit the widely-used dynamic-to-static conversion equations—the Canady and Morales equations. The Canady equation was extended to the "very hard" (greater than 70 GPa Young's modulus) regime, while the Morales equation was extended to the regime of porosity &amp;lt; 10%. Finally, σhmin predicted by different models was compared with the measurements, showing that modified-ANNIE improved the prediction by solving the stress underestimation issue of the ANNIE and isotropic models.
Acute Effects of Balanced Versus Unbalanced Colloid Resuscitation on Renal Macrocirculatory and Microcirculatory Perfusion During Endotoxemic Shock (2011)

This study was designed to investigate the acute effects of balanced versus unbalanced colloid resuscitation on renal macrocirculatory and microcirculatory perfusions during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemic shock in rats. We tested the hypothesis that balanced colloid resuscitation would be better for the kidney than unbalanced colloid resuscitation. Shock was induced by lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg i.v. over 30 min). When mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased to 40 mmHg, fluid resuscitation was started with either hydroxyethyl starch (HES130/0.42) dissolved in saline (HES-NaCl) as an unbalanced colloid solution or HES130/0.42 dissolved in Ringer's acetate (HES-RA) as a balanced colloid solution. Microvascular perfusion in the renal cortex was monitored using laser speckle imaging, and in addition, systemic hemodynamics, renal artery blood flow (RBF), and plasma ion levels were measured. Shock decreased MAP, led to anuria, and worsened all other parameters. Hydroxyethyl starch-NaCl improved MAP (P > 0.05) but did not improve RBF (P > 0.05), metabolic acidosis (P > 0.05), and plasma ion levels (P > 0.05). Hydroxyethyl starch-RA improved MAP (P < 0.05), RBF (P < 0.05), and renal microvascular perfusion (P < 0.05), but did not improve metabolic acidosis (P > 0.05) and plasma ion levels (P > 0.05). Both HES-NaCl and HES-RA treatment could normalize creatinine clearance but not fractional sodium excretion. In endotoxemic rats, balanced colloid (HES) resuscitation was shown to be superior to unbalanced colloid resuscitation in terms of improvement of renal macrovascular and microvascular perfusions. However, whether this results in improved renal function in the long term warrants further study.
Novel Thyroxine Derivatives, Thyronamine and 3-iodothyronamine, Induce Transient Hypothermia and Marked Neuroprotection Against Stroke Injury (2007)

T(1)AM and T(0)AM, are potent neuroprotectants in acute stroke and T(1)AM can be used as antecedent treatment to induce neuroprotection against subsequent ischemia. Hypothermia induced by T(1)AM and T(0)AM may underlie neuroprotection. T(1)AM and T(0)AM offer promise as treatments for brain injury.