gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered nanomaterial interactions with bilayer lipid membranes: screening platforms to assess nanoparticle toxicity (2013)

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have attractive functional properties and are increasingly being used in commercial products. However, ENMs present health risks that are poorly understood and difficult to assess. Because ENMs must interface with cell membranes to cause biological effects, improved methods are needed to measure ENM-biomembrane interactions. The goals of this paper are to review the current status of methods to characterise interactions between ENMs and bilayer lipid membranes that mimic cell membranes, and to present example applications of the methods relevant to nanotoxicology. Four approaches are discussed: electrochemical methods that measure ENM-induced ion leakage through lipid bilayers, optical methods that measure dye leakage from liposomes, partitioning methods that measure ENM distribution coefficients between aqueous solution and immobilised lipid bilayers, and theoretical models capable of predicting fundamental molecular interactions between ENMs and biomembranes. For each approach, current literature is summarised, recent results are given, and future prospects are analysed, including the potential to be used in a high-throughput mode. The relative advantages of the various approaches are discussed, along with their synergistic potential to provide multi-dimensional characterisation of ENM-biomembrane interactions for robust health risk assessment algorithms.
De novo indels within introns contribute to ASD incidence (2017)

Abstract Copy number profiling and whole-exome sequencing has allowed us to make remarkable progress in our understanding of the genetics of autism over the past ten years, but there are major aspects of the genetics that are unresolved. Through whole-genome sequencing, additional types of genetic variants can be observed. These variants are abundant and to know which are functional is challenging. We have analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 510 of the Simons Simplex Collections quad families and focused our attention on intronic variants. Within the introns of 546 high-quality autism target genes, we identified 63 de novo indels in the affected and only 37 in the unaffected siblings. The difference of 26 events is significantly larger than expected (p-val = 0.01) and using reasonable extrapolation shows that de novo intronic indels can contribute to at least 10% of simplex autism. The significance increases if we restrict to the half of the autism targets that are intolerant to damaging variants in the normal human population, which half we expect to be even more enriched for autism genes. For these 273 targets we observe 43 and 20 events in affected and unaffected siblings, respectively (p-value of 0.005). There was no significant signal in the number of de novo intronic indels in any of the control sets of genes analyzed. We see no signal from de novo substitutions in the introns of target genes.
Field measurement of damping in industrial chimneys and towers (2001)

In the design of industrial chimneys and towers, structural engineers must assume a level of the inherent damping in the structures. In order to better estimate the dynamic response of those structures, actual damping was measured from wind-induced vibration signals of chimneys and towers and its characteristics with respect to the response levels, the structural systems, and the wind direction were discussed. Damping ratio and natural frequency for three chimneys and two towers were calculated using random decrement technique.
SOI Mid-Infrared Silicon Photonics for the 3-4 um Wavelength Range (2012)

We report on the design, fabrication and characterisation of mid-infrared silicon-on-insulator strip and photonic crystal waveguides, and multi-mode interference splitters and racetrack resonators based on strip waveguides.
The Discovery and Chemical Development of BMS-986251: A Selective RORγt Inverse Agonist for the Potential Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (2022)

The discovery and chemical development of BMS-986251, a clinical RORγt inverse agonist, as a potential treatment option for autoimmune diseases is described. This chapter will outline the biology of the target (RORγt), the rationale for developing RORγt inverse agonists for the treatment of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases, the discovery approach to identify and optimize the series for potency, efficacy and safety leading to BMS-986251, the medicinal chemistry approach to the synthesis of BMS-986251 followed by transition to process chemistry. In addition, the development and execution of an enabling route to support early toxicology and clinical studies, and the exploration and definition of an optimized route to enable long term development goals, will be detailed.
Higher-Order Statistical Properties of Speckle (2020)

Based on the material presented in Chapter 3, the statistical properties of optical speckle at a single point in space (or, for dynamically changing speckle, a single point in time) are understood. Now we turn to the joint properties of two or more speckles, which can represent samples of a single statistically stationary speckle pattern, or, in the bivariate case, the statistics of two polarization components of a speckle pattern at a single point in space or time.
Extreme Ultraviolet Resist Fabricated Using Water Wheel-Like Cyclic Oligomer with Pendant Adamantyl Ester Groups (2011)

The synthesis and properties of water wheel-like cyclic oligomer (noriaPY) derivatives (noriaPY-ADs) with pendant adamantyl ester (AD) groups were examined for their application as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist materials. NoriaPY-ADs with various degrees of introduction (DI values) of AD groups were synthesized by adjusting the reactant feed ratios and reaction concentration. Solubility, film-forming property, and thermal stability were consistent with differences in DI values. The patterning properties of noriaPY-AD25 (DI= 25%) were examined in an EUV resist system, and noriaPY-AD25 provided a clear line-and-space pattern with 30 nm resolution and a line width roughness (LWR) of 11.3 nm.
Abdominal perforation after rupture of a diamond-studded wire: a case report (2008)

This case represents a rare form of a retained bullet injury and corroborates the need of sufficient measures of worker-protection in area of diamond-studded wire cutting devices.
83‐1: Invited Paper: Optimization of High Performance Deep Red OLEDs Using Tandem Structure for Automotive Lighting Application (2020)

We report here high performance deep red OLED devices for automotive lighting applications, through optimizing the organic stacks in a tandem structure. We first developed a deep red phosphorescent emitter that has a PL peak wavelength at 639 nm. A 2‐unit device incorporating this emitter along with a novel charge‐generation layer, was tuned to achieve an external quantum efficiency of 48%, a current efficiency of 26 cd/A, LT95 of 11,000 hrs, and a bias voltage of 8.2 V at 2,000 cd/m 2 . This tandem device reaches a deep red chromaticity with a dominant wavelength of 625nm, and CIE (X, Y) = (0.70, 0.30), as well as a near‐Lambertian emission pattern.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Molecule Spotlight on Saphris (2010)

On August 14th, 2009, for the first time, the FDA has approved a psychotropic medication for two indications simultaneously. Saphris (asenapine) is a multitarget atypical antipsychotic medication approved to treat adults with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.
Introduction to the Issue on Biophotonics (2005)

HE RAPIDLY developing field of biophotonics integrates the descriptive and analytical aspects of the life sciences and photonics to register unprecedented achievements in the detection, imaging, identification, kinetics, and manipulation of biological materials. Biophotonics is used in biology to probe formolecular mechanisms,function,andstructure.Inmedicine, biophotonics is used to study tissue and blood at the macroand micro-organism level to detect, diagnose, and treat diseases in ways that are noninvasive or minimally invasive to the body. Applications of biophotonics include using light to image or selectively treat tumors, sequence DNA, and identify single biomolecules within cells. Against this backdrop of science and technology, this issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS (JSTQE) on Biophotonics features articles covering a range of disciplines that describe advances and revolutionary developments in the field. Manuscripts on the latest research and developments in photonics-driven areas such as: bioimaging, biosensors/assays, contrast agents, multicolor probes, biomolecular mechanisms and function, biomolecular structure, advanced medical devices, biocomputers, optical limiters, and biophotonic and biocompatible materials were solicitedforthisJSTQEissue.ThepaperspublishedinthisJSTQE volumerepresenttheimpactofbiophotonicsonnewunderstanding of fundamental biological processes, innovative approaches to major health issues such as novel methods for medical diagnosis and treatment, and new techniques and technologies to satisfy biorelated national security needs such as the detection of toxic agents and pathogens, and associated countermeasures. This issue’s title changed from the prior “Lasers in Medicine and Biology” to the forward-looking “Biophotonics” and is deemed necessary to more properly characterize the rapid and numerous developments that are taking place at the intersection of the life sciences and photonics. The new name subsumes the previous topical areas of the old designation.
Primary Outcome Evaluation of a Next-Generation Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device (2021)

LAA closure with this next-generation LAA closure device was associated with a low incidence of adverse events and a high incidence of anatomic closure. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02702271.
Amphotericin inhibition of hematopoiesis in vitro (1977)

The effect of amphotericin B on human and murine hematopoiesis was studied in vitro using assays for erythroid and myeloid colony-forming cells. Amphotericin consistently inhibited colony formation by erythroid and granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells. Clear effects were observable at amphotericin concentrations of 1.0 microgram/ml, and concentrations of 2.0 microgram/ml caused approximately 50-60% inhibition of cloning of both murine and normal human bone marrow. These data suggest that amphotericin, in concentrations achieved in therapy, can impair hematopoiesis by a direct effect on precursor cells.
Optimization-Guided Binary Diversification to Mislead Neural Networks for Malware Detection (2019)

Motivated by the transformative impact of deep neural networks (DNNs) on different areas (e.g., image and speech recognition), researchers and anti-virus vendors are proposing end-to-end DNNs for malware detection from raw bytes that do not require manual feature engineering. Given the security sensitivity of the task that these DNNs aim to solve, it is important to assess their susceptibility to evasion. 
In this work, we propose an attack that guides binary-diversification tools via optimization to mislead DNNs for malware detection while preserving the functionality of binaries. Unlike previous attacks on such DNNs, ours manipulates instructions that are a functional part of the binary, which makes it particularly challenging to defend against. We evaluated our attack against three DNNs in white-box and black-box settings, and found that it can often achieve success rates near 100%. Moreover, we found that our attack can fool some commercial anti-viruses, in certain cases with a success rate of 85%. We explored several defenses, both new and old, and identified some that can successfully prevent over 80% of our evasion attempts. However, these defenses may still be susceptible to evasion by adaptive attackers, and so we advocate for augmenting malware-detection systems with methods that do not rely on machine learning.
Crystal structure and stereoisomerism of Tris(O-ethylxanthato)antimony(III) in its lattice hemiadduct with 4,4'-bipyridyl (1978)

The preparation and crystal structure determination of the adduct [Sb(S2COEt)3],0.5C10H8N2 is reported. Crystals are triclinic, Pi, a 6.064(3), b 10.825(6), c 17.723(7) ?, a 104.77(4), ß 96.78(3), ? 97.14(4)°, Z 2. The compound is a lattice adduct, the bipyridyl molecule being located about a crystallographic centre of symmetry. The complex molecule geometry is unlike that of the compound [Sb(S2COEt)3]; in the latter the molecule has crystallographic symmetry 3, the three equivalent ligands being unsymmetrically coordinated, while in the present molecule the chirality is lost, the molecule conforming to approximate pseudo-m symmetry: two ligands are similar [Sb-S, 2.615(2), 2.892(2); 2.612(2), 2.878(2) ?] and the other, located in the pseudo-mirror plane, is different [Sb-S, 2.477(2), 3.091(2) ?]. Electron-pair repulsion theory shows that the bond angles, the relative bond lengths, and the coexistence of different stereoisomers of this molecule, can be ascribed to the stereochemically active lone pair of electrons being close to the antimony atom.
Rheological characterization and thermal modeling of polyolefins for process design and tailored interfaces (2017)

While chemically similar, it has long been known that polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are immiscible and suffer poor interfacial adhesion when processed as layered films or blends. In this paper we present an examination of the effect that processing conditions, such as extrusion residence time and post-extrusion take-up, have on the interfacial adhesion between PE and PP. We show that transient heat transfer analysis and rheological measurement can be used to determine processing conditions, which maximize adhesion between immiscible polymer pairs.
Downstream Processing of Acetate Fermentation Broths by Nanofiltration (1996)

Acetate can be separated from fermentation broths and partially purified by nanofiltration (NF). Membrane performance was a function of pressure, pH, concentration of acetate, temperature, and the presence of other media components. With Nitto-Denko’s NTR729 membrane, average acetate rejection was 60%, glucose rejection was 99%, and flux was 15 L/m2/h at 200 psig, 30°C, pH 5.6, and 20 g/L acetic acid. The best downstream strategy is to clarify the fermentation broth by microfiltration (MF), recycle the cells for improving fermenter productivity, nanofilter the cell-free broth, and then evaporate the permeate. The cost of ceramic MF and NF purification is about $66/t acetate, compared to the cost of potassium acetate ($950/t) or calcium-magnesium acetate ($700/t).
Highly efficient wide-color-gamut QD-emissive LCDs using red and green perovskite core/shell QDs (2018)

Highly stable and luminescent CsPbX<sub>3</sub>/CsPb2Br<sub>5</sub> core/shell-structure perovskite quantum dot (PeQD) films can be realized as a color-by-blue PeQD-emissive LCD.
Thermal stabilization of enterovirus A 71 and production of antigenically stabilized empty capsids (2022)

Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) infection can result in paralysis and may be fatal. In common with other picornaviruses, empty capsids are produced alongside infectious virions during the viral lifecycle. These empty capsids are antigenically indistinguishable from infectious virus, but at moderate temperatures they are converted to an expanded conformation. In the closely related poliovirus, native and expanded antigenic forms of particle have different long-term protective efficacies when used as vaccines. The native form provides long-lived protective immunity, while expanded capsids fail to generate immunological protection. Whether this is true for EVA71 remains to be determined. Here, we selected an antigenically stable EVA71 virus population using successive rounds of heating and passage and characterized the antigenic conversion of both virions and empty capsids. The mutations identified within the heated passaged virus were dispersed across the capsid, including at key sites associated with particle expansion. The data presented here indicate that the mutant sequence may be a useful resource to address the importance of antigenic conformation in EVA71 vaccines.
Grand challenge in Biomaterials-wound healing (2016)

Providing improved health care for wound, burn and surgical patients is a major goal for enhancing patient well-being, in addition to reducing the high cost of current health care treatment. The introduction of new and novel biomaterials and biomedical devices is anticipated to have a profound effect on the future improvement of many deleterious health issues. This publication will discuss the development of novel non-stinging liquid adhesive bandages in healthcare applications developed by Rochal Industries. The scientists/engineers at Rochal have participated in commercializing products in the field of ophthalmology, including rigid gas permeable contact lenses, soft hydrogel contact lenses, silicone hydrogel contact lenses, contact lens care solutions and cleaners, intraocular lens materials, intraocular controlled drug delivery, topical/intraocular anesthesia, and in the field of wound care, as non-stinging, spray-on liquid bandages to protect skin from moisture and body fluids and medical adhesive-related skin injuries. Current areas of entrepreneurial activity at Rochal Industries pertain to the development of new classes of biomaterials for wound healing, primarily in regard to microbial infection, chronic wound care, burn injuries and surgical procedures, with emphasis on innovation in product creation, which include cell-compatible substrates/scaffolds for wound healing, antimicrobial materials for opportunistic pathogens and biofilm reduction, necrotic wound debridement, scar remediation, treatment of diabetic ulcers, amelioration of pressure ulcers, amelioration of neuropathic pain and adjuvants for skin tissue substitutes.
Design and Synthesis of Air-Stable p-Channel-Conjugated Polymers for High Signal-to-Drift Nitrogen Dioxide and Ammonia Sensing (2020)

The development of high-performance-conjugated polymer-based gas sensors involves detailed structural tailoring such that high sensitivities are achieved without compromising the stability of the fabricated devices. In this work, we systematically developed a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors by modifying the polymer backbone to achieve and rationalize enhancements in gas sensitivities and electronic stability in air. NO<sub>2</sub>- and NH<sub>3</sub>-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described with improved air stability compared to all-thiophene conjugated polymers. Five DPP-fluorene-based polymers were synthesized and compared to two control polymers and used as active layers to detect a concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> at least as low as 0.5 ppm. The hypothesis that the less electron-donating fluorene main-chain subunit would lead to increased signal/drift compared to thiophene and carbazole subunits was tested. The sensitivities exhibited a bias voltage-dependent behavior. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using a dithienyl DPP-fluorene polymer reached ∼614% for an exposure to 20 ppm of NO<sub>2</sub> for 5 min, testing at a bias voltage of -33 V, among the higher reported NO<sub>2</sub> sensitivities for conjugated polymers. Electronic and morphological studies reveal that introduction of the fluorene unit in the DPP backbone decreases the ease of backbone oxidation and induces traps in the thin films. The combination of thin-film morphology and oxidation potentials governs the gas-absorbing properties of these materials. The ratio of responses on exposure to NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> compared to drifts while taking the device through repeated gate voltage sweeps is the highest for two polymers incorporating electron-donating linkers connecting the DPP and thiophene units in the backbone, in this category of organic semiconductors. The responses to NO<sub>2</sub> were much larger than that to NH<sub>3</sub>, indicating increased susceptibility to oxidizing vs reducing gases, and that the capability of oxidizing gases to induce additional charge density has a more dramatic electronic effect than when reducing gases create traps. This work demonstrates the capability of achieving improved stability with the retention of high sensitivity in conjugated polymer-based OFET sensors by modulating redox and morphological properties of polymer semiconductors by structural control.
Security Introduction Framework for Operational Technologies and Applying to Industrial Control System (2020)

Business owners of control systems have to ensure their system operations are protected from various security threats. Especially for control systems in critical infrastructures, business owners should deploy security countermeasures that fulfill mission assurance to continue their business function. The purpose of this paper is to introduce security measures that enable business continuation along with satisfying mission assurance. The proposed security introduction framework in this paper enables business owners of control systems to obtain exhaustive security measures from the viewpoint of technical, operational, and management aspects with reasonable effort. The proposed security introduction framework can be applied to a wide variety of control systems.
Analysis of flavor and perfume using an internally cooled coated fiber device (2007)

A miniaturized internally cooled coated fiber device was applied for the analysis of flavors and fragrances from various matrices. Its integration with a CTC CombiPAL autosampler enabled high throughput for the analysis of analytes in complex matrices that required simultaneous heating of the matrices and cooling of the fiber coating to achieve high extraction efficiency. It was found that up to ten times increase of extraction efficiencies was observed when the device was used to extract flavor compounds in water, even when limited sample temperatures were used to preserve the integrity of target compounds. The extraction of the flavor compounds in water with the device was reproducible, with RSD not larger than 15%. The lower limits of the linear ranges were in the low ppb range, which was about one order of magnitude smaller than those obtained with the commercialized 100 microm PDMS fibers. Exhaustive extraction of some perfume ingredients from a complex matrix (shampoo) was realized. All achieved recoveries were not less than 80%. The repeatability of the extraction of the perfume compounds from shampoo was better than 10%. The linear ranges were about 1-3000 microg/g, and the LOD was about 0.2-1 microg/g. The automated internally cooled coated fiber device was demonstrated to be a powerful sample preparation tool in flavor and fragrance analysis.
A low cost high resolution pattern generator for electron-beam lithography (2003)

A simple, very low cost pattern generator for electron-beam lithography is presented. When it is applied to a scanning electron microscope, the system allows a high precision positioning of the beam for lithography of very small structures. Patterns are generated by a suitable software implemented on a personal computer, by using very simple functions, allowing an easy development of new writing strategies for a great adaptability to different user necessities. Hardware solutions, as optocouplers and battery supply, have been implemented for reduction of noise and disturbs on the voltages controlling the positioning of the beam.
Modeling of Alpha-Induced Single Event Upsets for 45 nm Node SOI Devices Using Realistic C4 and 3D Circuit Geometries (2009)

Novel techniques have been applied to model realistic alpha particle source distributions in complex back-end-of-the-line geometries. Rigorous Monte Carlo simulations with high resolution have been performed to analyze the charge collection in 45 nm SOI test devices. These studies reveal soft fail sensitivity to the topologies of the alpha particle source and the BEOL structure.