gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OR30-07 Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) Results from Revita-2, the First Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind, Prospective, Multicenter Study of Duodenal Mucosal Resurfacing (DMR) Safety and Efficacy in Patients with Sub-Optimally Controlled Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The duodenum is a key metabolic signaling center and regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Duodenal mucosal hyperplasia is therefore a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases related to insulin-resistance. Previous reports demonstrated that DMR, a minimally invasive, endoscopic mucosal ablative procedure, safely improves hepatic and glycemic parameters. Primary endpoints from REVITA-2, the first randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, prospective, multicenter study of DMR safety and efficacy in patients with T2D, were met and previously reported. Here we further explore mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of DMR on hepatic and glucose metabolism by analyzing mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) data from the REVITA-2 study. Methods: Eligible patients (HbA1c 7.5–10%, BMI ≥ 24 to ≤ 40 kg/m2, on stable treatment with ≥1 oral anti-diabetic medication) received DMR or sham procedure (1:1). Exploratory endpoints included median change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), MMTT glucose area under the curve (AUC) over 2 hours, and change in MMTT C-peptide and glucagon over 2 hours, from baseline to 12 weeks post-DMR. One-sided P value based on ANCOVA model on ranks without imputation assessed treatment difference at the 0.05 significance level. The modified intent to treat primary analysis population included randomized patients in whom study procedure was attempted. Results: A total of 70 patients (DMR, N = 35; sham, N = 35) were included in the analysis, of which 57% and 54% (DMR, n = 20; sham, n = 19) had baseline FPG ≥ 180 mg/dL. Median MMTT AUC for glucose was significantly reduced post-DMR (-36.38 mg/dL) compared with sham (-4.94 mg/dL; P = 0.009), driven by a significant decrease in FPG (DMR, -41.0 mg/dL; sham, -15.0 mg/dL; P = 0.003) rather than median MMTT postprandial glucose excursion (DMR, -4.63 mg/dL; sham, 5.34 mg/dL; P = 0.209). AUC glucose reductions were more pronounced in patients with baseline FPG ≥ 180 (DMR, -63.03 mg/dL; sham, -20.31 mg/dL; P = 0.007) compared with baseline FPG &amp;lt; 180 (DMR, -26.81 mg/dL; sham, 13.81 mg/dL; P = 0.271). In patients with baseline FPG ≥ 180, postprandial C-peptide excursion was significantly increased (DMR, 0.41 ng/mL; sham, 0.02 ng/mL; P = 0.012) and postprandial glucagon excursion was significantly decreased (DMR, -8.03 pg/mL; sham, 2.13 pg/mL; P = 0.027). Conclusion: DMR markedly improves glucose responses to a mixed meal challenge, primarily driven by a decrease in FPG, suggesting a primary effect on insulin resistance. Increases in C-peptide and reductions in glucagon levels suggest improvement in beta cell function in addition to improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity, and ratifies the position of the duodenum as both a culprit endocrine organ and therapeutic target for patients with T2D.
Decision support systems and methods for complex networks (2023)

Methods and systems for automated decision support in analyzing operation data from a complex network. Embodiments of the present invention utilize these algorithms and techniques not only to characterize the past and present condition of a complex network, but also to predict future conditions to help operators anticipate deteriorating and/or problem situations. In particular, embodiments of the present invention characterize network conditions from operation data using a state estimator. Contingency scenarios can then be generated based on those network conditions. For at least a portion of all of the contingency scenarios, risk indices are determined that describe the potential impact of each of those scenarios. Contingency scenarios with risk indices are presented visually as graphical representations in the context of a visual representation of the complex network. Analysis of the historical risk indices based on the graphical representations can then provide trends that allow for prediction of future network conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Lithiation and C‐Substitution of (S)‐2‐(Dibenzylamino)‐butane‐1,4‐diol via Dicarbamates. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intrauterine Repair of Surgically Created Defects in Mice (Lip Incision Model) with a Microclip: Preamble to Endoscopic Intrauterine Surgery (1995)

We compared the difference between a nonpenetrating silver microclip and suture on wound healing, inflammatory response, and application time in the repair of surgically created standardized unilateral cleft lip type defects in fetal mice. Excellent lip continuity and dermal reconstitution were achieved by both methods of repair. Furthermore, collagen accumulation did not occur. Occasional mononuclear cells were seen around sutured repairs in contrast to microclipped repairs. The most significant difference, however, was in application time with the microclip requiring an average of 7 seconds (+/- 2) compared to 90 seconds (+/- 15) for suture. We conclude that the microclip offers distinct advantages for intrauterine cleft lip repair: (1) nonpenetrating tissue approximation; (2) less inflammatory response than suture; (3) technically more rapid and less difficult to apply than suture; and (4) can be utilized more readily than suture for endoscopic approaches limiting the risks of fetal surgery for both the mother and the fetus.
MGy Radiation Assessment of a Space-Graded Amplifier and ADC (2015)

This paper shows a high total dose radiation assessment on a set of space qualified components. Two space graded COTS (Commercial off-the-shelf) components were selected and monitored under 60Co gamma radiation, namely an instrumentation amplifier and a 14 bit analogue-to-digital-converter (ADC). The specifications of these COTS components were monitored on-line with a customized test bed, up-to a total ionizing dose larger than 1 MGy and are presented in this paper.
Robust tracking performance and disturbance rejection for a class of nonlinear systems using disturbance observers (2013)

This paper is concerned with disturbance rejection performance in single-input single-output (SISO) nonlinear systems described by uncertain linear dynamics and bounded nonlinearities. After transforming the nonlinear terms into an equivalent bounded disturbance at the output of a linear system, a disturbance observer (DOB) is added to achieve robust disturbance rejection. The DOB design is formulated as Luenberger observer state estimation for an augmented system which contains at least one eigenvalue at the origin. The synthesis of a (sub)optimal DOB is carried out by solving multi-objective H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> sensitivity optimization. The design approach is applied to an inverted pendulum with actuator backlash.
Progressive equalizer matrix calculation using QR decomposition in MIMO-OFDM systems (2013)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology has become a promising solution in current wireless communication systems. However, the implementation of MIMO-OFDM systems imposes a heavy complexity burden of equalizer matrix calculation on the training symbols due to the strict processing delay requirement. This paper presents a progressive QRD based equalizer matrix calculation method, which can significantly reduce the computational complexity in the last training symbol by distributing the heavy equalizer matrix calculation over multiple training symbols. Our proposed method was verified in the IEEE 802.11ac systems which has tough latency constraint. For 4 × 4 antenna configurations, the computational complexity on the last training symbol can be reduced by up to 75% without any BER loss.
Velocity of Transient Cavities in an Acoustic Stationary Wave (1972)

This paper concerns the high-speed motion of transient cavities generated in an acoustic stationary wave in a cylinder filled with water. Time-exposure photographs are presented of the cavities illuminated by a high-speed stroboscope showing multiple exposures of an individual cavity as it was propelled outward from a region of large acoustic pressure amplitude. The photographs show several interesting details of the cavitation event. Velocities obtained by the cavities were on the order of 1 m/sec, pressure amplitudes on the order of 5 bars, and cavity lifetimes on the order of 10 msec. A theoretical analysis of the cavity motion is obtained by considering the cavity as a spherical inhomogeneity in an acoustic stationary wave. Comparison of theory and experiment show good agreement provided that a velocity-squared drag law is used with a drag coefficient of 0.77.
Interfacial Chemistry Enables Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries at High Current Densities (2021)

The application of flexible, robust, and low-cost solid polymer electrolytes in next-generation all-solid-state lithium metal batteries has been hindered by the low room-temperature ionic conductivity of these electrolytes and the small critical current density of the batteries. Both issues stem from the low mobility of Li<sup>+</sup> ions in the polymer and the fast lithium dendrite growth at the Li metal/electrolyte interface. Herein, Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is demonstrated to be an effective additive in the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite electrolyte to regulate Li<sup>+</sup> ion transport and manipulate the Li metal/electrolyte interfacial performance. By combining experimental and computational studies, we show that Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions are immobile in a PEO host due to coordination with ether oxygen and anions of lithium salts, which enhances the mobility of Li<sup>+</sup> ions; more importantly, an <i>in</i>-<i>situ</i> formed Li<sup>+</sup>-conducting Li<sub>2</sub>MgCl<sub>4</sub>/LiF interfacial layer homogenizes the Li<sup>+</sup> flux during plating and increases the critical current density up to a record 2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. Each of these factors contributes to the assembly of competitive all-solid-state Li/Li, LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Li, and LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Li cells, demonstrating the importance of surface chemistry and interfacial engineering in the design of all-solid-state Li metal batteries for high-current-density applications.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Taxane-Induced Blockade to Nuclear Accumulation of the Androgen Receptor Predicts Clinical Responses in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.33 MB, The microtubule-motor protein dynein is required for endogenous AR nuclear transport in LNCaP cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Right Heart Failure Due to Loss of Right Ventricular Capture in a Patient with Atrioventricular Junction Ablation and Biventricular Pacing (2005)

We describe the case of a patient with atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation and chronic biventricular pacing in which intermittent dysfunction of the right ventricular (RV) lead resulted in left ventricular (LV) stimulation alone and onset of severe right heart failure. Restoration of biventricular pacing by increasing device output and then performing lead revision resolved the issue. This case provides evidence that LV pacing alone in patients with AV junction ablation may lead to severe right heart failure, most likely as a result of iatrogenic mechanical dyssynchrony within the RV. Thus, probably this pacing mode should be avoided in pacemaker-dependent patients with heart failure.
Ray tracing through progressive ophthalmic lenses (1991)

Ray-tracing through Progressive Addition Lenses (PAL) has been performed. PAL is a deep non rotationally symmetric asp1ric lens used for the compensation of presbyopia. PAL and its mathematical model are presented. The special features of the ray-tracing program due to the model of the lens plus eye system are detailed. Typical results are presented showing in particular that computing conditions of contour-plots of power and astigmatism must be very strict and that coma must be taken into account for precise measurements of PAL. 1.
Deconvoluting the energy transport mechanisms in all-inorganic CsPb2Br5/CsPbBr3 perovskite composite systems (2022)

CsPb2Br5/CsPbBr3 composite systems have received considerable attention among numerous lead halide perovskite materials due to their significantly enhanced photoluminescence intensity and stability against moisture. However, the luminescence mechanism of CsPb2Br5 based materials remains controversial, which significantly hinders the further material design and utilization for optoelectronic devices. In this work, to deconvolute their luminescent mechanisms, high-quality CsPb2Br5 crystals without any undesired by-products and impurities have been first prepared by a microwave-assisted synthesis method. The luminescence-inactive characteristics of the material are then confirmed by the steady-state absorption, photoluminescence, transient absorption spectra, and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. The prepared CsPb2Br5 crystals exhibit excellent crystallinity and enhanced thermal stability, particularly that they can maintain their crystalline structures in polar organic solvents. By simply manipulating the ratios of different precursor materials, it is witnessed that the green emission comes from the CsPbBr3 adhered, nucleated, and grown on the CsPb2Br5 crystals. Ultrafast transient absorption measurements in visible and terahertz spectral regions reveal that with the help of phonon scattering-assisted hopping at interfacial states, intersystem crossing dominates the electron transfer process in the composite crystals. As a result, the CsPb2Br5 and CsPbBr3 interact extensively with each other. Meanwhile, the Auger recombination rate and the defect-related non-radiative process are suppressed in the composite crystals, thereby enhancing the fluorescence of composite crystals. This work has not only deconvoluted the controversial and unclear luminescent mechanisms of CsPb2Br5 materials but also established a pathway to design and enhance the fluorescence of materials for technological applications.
l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism (2018)

Ala may serve as a distinct amino acid energy sensor, providing a positive signal to activate the beneficial AMPK signaling pathway.
Periodate anions as a halogen bond donor: formation of anion⋯anion dimers and other adducts (2022)

Single crystal X-ray analyses show that iodine in pyridinium periodates acts as a halogen bond (HaB) donor forming short and almost linear contacts with neutral and anionic electron donors. A combination of QTAIM and NCIplot computational tools proves the attractive nature of these contacts.
Timing of biochemical failure and distant metastatic disease for low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk prostate cancer after radiotherapy (2007)

Because of backdating, ASTRO BF underestimates late BF. Local persistence of disease is suggested by delayed Nadir+2 BF and subsequent late DM in every risk group. The paucity of early DM among those with low-risk tumors supports the hypothesis that occult micrometastases contributed to the early wave.
Ferrite-Less Circular Pad With Controlled Flux Cancelation for EV Wireless Charging (2016)

In this paper, a new ferrite-less wireless charging pad, called circular nonferrite pad, for roadway applications is introduced. The pad is characterized by having the ability to control leakage flux to reduce the electromagnetic fields outside the charging region. In addition, the pad shows low sensitivity to changes in the self-inductance due to secondary pad misalignment. A comparison of this new pad with similar-sized ferrite pads and single spiral couplers is presented. A formal mathematical description of the pad is shown here with finite element method simulations along with lab measurements to verify the validity of the models. The costs, advantages, and limitations of the new pad are also investigated.
Semiautomated Sample Preparation for Protein Stability and Formulation Screening via Buffer Exchange (2015)

A novel semiautomated buffer exchange process workflow was developed to enable efficient early protein formulation screening. An antibody fragment protein, BMSdab, was used to demonstrate the workflow. The process afforded 60% to 80% cycle time and scientist time savings and significant material efficiencies. These efficiencies ultimately facilitated execution of this stability work earlier in the drug development process, allowing this tool to inform the developability of potential candidates for development from a formulation perspective. To overcome the key technical challenges, the protein solution was buffer-exchanged by centrifuge filtration into formulations for stability screening in a 96-well plate with an ultrafiltration membrane, leveraging automated liquid handling and acoustic volume measurements to allow several cycles of exchanges. The formulations were transferred into a vacuum manifold and sterile filtered into a rack holding 96 glass vials. The vials were sealed with a capmat of individual caps and placed in stability stations. Stability of the samples prepared by this process and by the standard process was demonstrated to be comparable. This process enabled screening a number of formulations of a protein at an early pharmaceutical development stage with a short sample preparation time.
Isolation, characterization, and biological activity of ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase from the methane oxidizer Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (1989)

A ferredoxin-NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.18.1.3) has been isolated from extracts of the obligate methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. This enzyme was shown to couple electron flow from formate dehydrogenase (NAD+ requiring) to ferredoxin. Ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase was purified to homogeneity by conventional chromatography techniques and was shown to be a flavoprotein with a molecular weight of 36,000 +/- 1,000. This ferredoxin reductase was specific for NADH (Km, 125 microM) and coupled electron flow to the native ferredoxin and to ferredoxins from spinach, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Rhodospirillum rubrum (ferredoxin II). M. trichosporium ferredoxin saturated the ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase at a concentration 2 orders of magnitude lower (3 nM) than did spinach ferredoxin (0.4 microM). Ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase also had transhydrogenase activity which transferred electrons and protons from NADH to thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Km, 9 microM) and from NADPH to 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (Km, 16 microM). Reconstitution of a soluble electron transport pathway that coupled formate oxidation to ferredoxin reduction required formate dehydrogenase, NAD+, and ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase.
A computational model for trial reasoning (1993)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a computational model for legal reasoning in criminal law (i.e. trial reasoning). This logic-programming based model contains seven key components: facts of a new case, old cases, domain knowledge, meta rules, similarity matching relations, various implications, and two explicit agents, the plaintiff and the defendant, with opposing goals and reasoning strategies. The argumentation process in this model can be likened to a two-agent game. One agent puts forward an argument. The other agent recognizes the situation, generates candidates to refute the claim, and selects the best one for the next move. The game ends when any one agent can no longer make a move. Certain debate strategies of this model are illustrated in this paper with examples. In addition, the computational model presented has been used in the design and development of HELIC-II - a parallel knowledge-based system for trial reasoning.
Induction of mitochondria‐involved apoptosis in estrogen receptor‐negative cells by a novel tamoxifen derivative, ridaifen‐B (2008)

Tamoxifen is an antagonist of estrogen receptor, which is used widely as an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer drug that blocks growth signals and provokes apoptosis. However, recent studies have revealed that tamoxifen induces apoptosis even in estrogen receptor-negative cells. In the present study, we synthesized several tamoxifen derivatives to augment the apoptosis-inducing effect of tamoxifen and evaluated the apoptosis-inducing pathway. The estrogen receptor-positive human leukemia cell line HL-60 and estrogen receptor-negative human leukemia cell line Jurkat were treated with tamoxifen and synthesized tamoxifen derivatives, and thereafter subjected to cell viability-detection assays. Tamoxifen derivatives, as well as the lead compound tamoxifen, decreased the cell viability despite the expression of estrogen receptor. Among all of the synthesized tamoxifen derivatives, ridaifen-B had more potent cancer cell-damaging activity than tamoxifen. Ridaifen-B fragmented Jurkat cell DNA and activated caspases, suggesting that the ridaifen-B-induced apoptosis pathway is estrogen receptor independent. Moreover, mitochondrial involvement during ridaifen-B-induced apoptosis was estimated. Ridaifen-B significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and overexpression of Bcl-2 inhibited ridaifen-B-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by ridaifen-B, a novel tamoxifen derivative, is dependent on mitochondrial perturbation without estrogen receptor involvement.
Advancing Cell Biology Through Proteomics in Space and Time (PROSPECTS) (2012)

The term "proteomics" encompasses the large-scale detection and analysis of proteins and their post-translational modifications. Driven by major improvements in mass spectrometric instrumentation, methodology, and data analysis, the proteomics field has burgeoned in recent years. It now provides a range of sensitive and quantitative approaches for measuring protein structures and dynamics that promise to revolutionize our understanding of cell biology and molecular mechanisms in both human cells and model organisms. The Proteomics Specification in Time and Space (PROSPECTS) Network is a unique EU-funded project that brings together leading European research groups, spanning from instrumentation to biomedicine, in a collaborative five year initiative to develop new methods and applications for the functional analysis of cellular proteins. This special issue of Molecular and Cellular Proteomics presents 16 research papers reporting major recent progress by the PROSPECTS groups, including improvements to the resolution and sensitivity of the Orbitrap family of mass spectrometers, systematic detection of proteins using highly characterized antibody collections, and new methods for absolute as well as relative quantification of protein levels. Manuscripts in this issue exemplify approaches for performing quantitative measurements of cell proteomes and for studying their dynamic responses to perturbation, both during normal cellular responses and in disease mechanisms. Here we present a perspective on how the proteomics field is moving beyond simply identifying proteins with high sensitivity toward providing a powerful and versatile set of assay systems for characterizing proteome dynamics and thereby creating a new "third generation" proteomics strategy that offers an indispensible tool for cell biology and molecular medicine.