gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed InGaP/AlGaAs/InGaAs HBTs (2002)

We have fabricated high-speed InGaP/AlGaAs/InGaAs graded-base hetero-bipolar transistors (HBTs), using Mg as the base-region p-type dopant. We have obtained maximum Mg doping concentration for GaAs of 1.2/spl times/10/sup 20//cm/sup 3/. In addition, the dead region under the base metal contact layer has been etched away. With the HBT's emitter width as 1.0 um, we obtained excellent frequency characteristics of the short-circuit current-gain frequency f/sub t/ and the maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub max/ as high as approximately 130 GHz and 230 GHz, respectively. We obtained maximum toggle frequency of 22.5 GHz for a static frequency divider by using the 4-inch full process of the InGaP/AlGaAs/InGaAs graded-base HBT.
Ultraviolet Laser Emission Properties of Ce3+-Doped LiSrAlF6 (2004)

The ultraviolet laser properties of Ce3+-doped LiSrAlFg (Ce:LiSAF) and LiCaAlF6 (Ce:LiCAF) are reported. The polarized absorption, emission and excited state absorption cross sections for both Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF were determined for the 266 nm pump and 290 nm laser emission wavelengths. The gain was found to be highest when the probe was polarized parallel to the optic axis of the crystal due to the anisotropic nature of the excited state absorption. The excited state absorption is ascribed to a transition from the 5d orbital of Ce3+ to the conduction band of the host. Laser slope efficiencies of up to 29% and 21% were measured for Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF when the 266 nm pulsed pump beam was polarized parallel to the optic axis. These are the highest laser slope efficiencies yet observed for any known solid-state ultraviolet laser material.
P1-038  セルトリズマブペゴルと他のTNF阻害薬との<i>in vitro</i>評価系での比較<i>In vitro</i> comparison between Certolizumab Pegol and other TNF inhibitors (2012)

Certolizumab Pegol（CZP）は，関節リウマチに対する日本の臨床試験において，投与開始1週後から有効性を発現することが示された新規TNF阻害薬である．CZPは，Polyethylene glycol (PEG）化，Fc-free，一価であり，特徴的な構造を有している．なお，Fc-freeであるため，CZPは抗体依存性細胞傷害活性および補体依存性細胞傷害活性を示さない． 今回，in vitroでの各種生物活性について，CZPと従来型TNF阻害薬であるinfliximab (IFX), adalimumab (ADA), golimumab (GLM）およびetanercept (ETA）と比較検討した． TNF-α中和活性の強さは，ETA>CZP>GLM>ADA>IFXであった．LPS刺激によるIL-1β産生抑制活性の強さは，CZP>GLM≒ADA>IFXであり，ETAによる抑制は完全でなかった．CZP以外のTNF阻害薬は，単球およびリンパ球に対し同程度にアポトーシスを誘導したが，CZPは全く誘導しなかった． 以上より，in vitroでの各種生物活性において，CZPは従来型TNF阻害薬と共通の生物活性を示す一方，臨床的関連性は明確ではないが，従来型TNF阻害薬とは異なる興味深い生物活性を示すことが明らかになった．
Chromium clustering and ordering inHg1−xCrxSr2CuO4+δ (1995)

Solid-solution compounds where Cr, Re, and other metals are substituted for Hg in Hg-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconductors have been reported to exhibit enhanced flux-pinning behavior. We have determined the structural modifications resulting from the incorporation of Cr in ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (for $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.4$) using neutron powder diffraction, electron diffraction, and lattice imaging. Cr substitutes at the Hg site, but is displaced to allow tetrahedral coordination by oxygen atoms. Additional oxygen is incorporated to provide four oxygen atom neighbors for each Cr atom. These Cr${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ units cluster to form a supercell of approximate dimensions $5a\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5a\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2c$ in which Cr-rich and Hg-rich regions alternate in all three crystallographic directions. Because the Cu-O apical bond associated with the Cr${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ unit is lengthened to 3.13 \AA{}, the superconducting planes are best viewed as consisting of Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ pyramids, oriented up or down as dictated by the supercell ordering, rather than Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra. Local structural constraints associated with individual Cr sites require that considerable disorder is present, even in the supercell. Extended defects in this supercell (e.g., columns of Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra associated with Hg-rich regions) may contribute to the enhanced flux pinning.
Analyzing Radio Scattering Caused by Various Building Elements Using Millimeter-Wave Scale Model Measurements and Ray Tracing (2018)

Interaction of UHF radio waves with a typical office building and the resulting scattering characteristics are studied in this communication using millimeter-wave frequency measurements and ray-tracing simulations on a scale model of the building. A “disaggregation approach” is followed to separately test different structural elements (façade, internal structure, furniture) and to separately simulate different interaction mechanisms (specular reflection, edge diffraction, transmission, diffuse scattering) thus achieving a deeper understanding of the propagation process. Results suggest that scattering from buildings can be modeled neglecting the internal structure of the building, but proper modeling of nonspecular propagation is necessary, even with a controlled and completely known environment such as the scale building model.
Biological and mechanical interplay at the Macro- and Microscales Modulates the Cell-Niche Fate (2018)

Tissue development, regeneration, or de-novo tissue engineering in-vitro, are based on reciprocal cell-niche interactions. Early tissue formation mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown given complex in-vivo multifactoriality, and limited tools to effectively characterize and correlate specific micro-scaled bio-mechanical interplay. We developed a unique model system, based on decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrices (pcECMs)-as representative natural soft-tissue biomaterial-to study a spectrum of common cell-niche interactions. Model monocultures and 1:1 co-cultures on the pcECM of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were mechano-biologically characterized using macro- (Instron), and micro- (AFM) mechanical testing, histology, SEM and molecular biology aspects using RT-PCR arrays. The obtained data was analyzed using developed statistics, principal component and gene-set analyses tools. Our results indicated biomechanical cell-type dependency, bi-modal elasticity distributions at the micron cell-ECM interaction level, and corresponding differing gene expression profiles. We further show that hMSCs remodel the ECM, HUVECs enable ECM tissue-specific recognition, and their co-cultures synergistically contribute to tissue integration-mimicking conserved developmental pathways. We also suggest novel quantifiable measures as indicators of tissue assembly and integration. This work may benefit basic and translational research in materials science, developmental biology, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cancer biomechanics.
[Quit intention and smoking cessation behavior of current smokers aged 15 years and above in China, 2018]. (2022)

<b>Objective:</b> To describe the current situation on quit intention and quit attempts among current smokers aged 15 years and above in China and explore the main factors affecting their smoking cessation behaviors. <b>Methods:</b> The subjects were people aged 15 years and above in China. A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling method was used. The survey covered 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), including 19 376 people under investigation. The data were weighted with SAS 9.4 for complex sampling analysis, and the frequency and weighted component ratio were used for description. The influencing factors were studied using the Rao Scott <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> test and unconditional multivariate logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> Among current smokers, 6.63% reported that they planned to quit smoking in the next month, 5.44% for men and 8.49% for women. 17.96% of the current smokers made quit attempts in the past 12 months, with 17.80% men and 22.15% women. People who smoke occasionally (<i>OR</i>=3.42, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.09-5.59) made quit attempts in the past (<i>OR</i>=4.91, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.33-0.52) and knew that smoking would lead to three diseases (<i>OR</i>=2.24, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.48-3.40) had higher quit intention. People who occasionally smoke (<i>OR</i>=1.68, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.20-2.34) received smoking cessation suggestions from medical staff (<i>OR</i>=1.96, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.62-2.37), were a ware of that smoking causes three diseases (<i>OR</i>=1.63, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.32-2.02) and had smoking prohibition regulations in indoor areas of their homes, had a higher rate of quit attempts. <b>Conclusion:</b> Providing effective smoking cessation intervention services and creating a supportive tobacco control environment are significant in promoting smoking cessation behavior.
AI Space Odyssey (2010)

Dramatic advances have been made in intelligent systems from 1980 to 2010. The Web has created an environment in which some of the basic problems identified in the 1970s are emerging in new, often more concrete and practical forms. Correspondingly, the opportunities for space exploration to benefit from intelligent systems are evolving in unexpected directions, but with certain invariants in regard to knowledge representation and process modeling. This special issue covers semantic technologies, including natural language processing, sophisticated on-board fault management, human-robotic interaction, and agent-based simulation architectures.
Excited-State Dynamics of Structurally Characterized [ReI(CO)3(phen)(HisX)]+ (X = 83, 109) Pseudomonas a eruginosa Azurins in Aqueous Solution (2006)

The triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) dynamics of two structurally characterized Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(HisX)-modified (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; X = 83, 109) Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurins have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy in aqueous (D(2)O) solution. The (3)MLCT relaxation dynamics exhibited by the two Re(I)-azurins are very different from those of the sensitizer [Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(im)](+) (im = imidazole). Whereas the Re(I)(CO)(3) intramolecular vibrational relaxation in Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(HisX)Az (4 ps) is similar to that of [Re(I)(CO)(3)(phen)(im)](+) (2 ps), the medium relaxation is much slower ( approximately 250 vs 9.5 ps); the 250-ps relaxation is attributable to reorientation of D(2)O molecules as well as structural reorganization of the rhenium chromophore and nearby polar amino acids in each of the modified proteins.
Embryonic-endometrial interactions at implantation in humans. (2004)

While hypertension is a complex disease with a well-documented genetic component, genetic studies often fail to replicate findings. One possibility for such inconsistency is that the underlying genetics of hypertension is not based on single genes of major effect, but on interactions among genes. To test this hypothesis, we studied both single locus and multilocus effects, using a case-control design of subjects from Ghana. Thirteen polymorphisms in eight candidate genes were studied. Each candidate gene has been shown to play a physiological role in blood pressure regulation and affects one of four pathways that modulate blood pressure: vasoconstriction (angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme - ACE, angiotensin II receptor), nitric oxide (NO) dependent and NO independent vasodilation pathways and sodium balance (G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GRK4). We evaluated single site allelic and genotypic associations, multilocus genotype equilibrium and multilocus genotype associations, using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). For MDR, we performed systematic reanalysis of the data to address the role of various physiological pathways. We found no significant single site associations, but the hypertensive class deviated significantly from genotype equilibrium in more than 25% of all multilocus comparisons (2,162 of 8,178), whereas the normotensive class rarely did (11 of 8,178). The MDR analysis identified a two-locus model including ACE and GRK4 that successfully predicted blood pressure phenotype 70.5% of the time. Thus, our data indicate epistatic interactions play a major role in hypertension susceptibility. Our data also support a model where multiple pathways need to be affected in order to predispose to hypertension.
177Lu-Labeled Phosphoramidate-Based PSMA Inhibitors: The Effect of an Albumin Binder on Biodistribution and Therapeutic Efficacy in Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice (2017)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) continues to be an active biomarker for small-molecule PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents for prostate cancer and various non-prostatic tumors that are characterized by PSMA expression on their neovasculature. One of the challenges for small-molecule PSMA inhibitors with respect to delivering therapeutic payloads is their rapid renal clearance. In order to overcome this pharmacokinetic challenge, we outfitted a <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled phosphoramidate-based PSMA inhibitor (CTT1298) with an albumin-binding motif (CTT1403) and compared its <i>in vivo</i> performance with that of an analogous compound lacking the albumin-binding motif (CTT1401). The radiolabeling of CTT1401 and CTT1403 was achieved using click chemistry to connect <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTA-N<sub>3</sub> to the dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-bearing CTT1298 inhibitor cores. A direct comparison <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> performance was made for CTT1401 and CTT1403; the specificity and efficacy by means of cellular uptake and internalization, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy were determined for both compounds. While both compounds displayed excellent uptake and rapid internalization in PSMA+ PC3-PIP cells, the albumin binding moiety in CTT1403 conferred clear advantages to the PSMA-inhibitor scaffold including increased circulating half-life and prostate tumor uptake that continued to increase up to 168 h post-injection. This increased tumor uptake translated into superior therapeutic efficacy of CTT1403 in PSMA+ PC3-PIP human xenograft tumors.
Seroprevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 in swine populations in Canada and Costa Rica. (2002)

Porcine circovirus (PCV) was recently divided into 2 antigenically distinct types that differ (65% amino acid identity) in the protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (ORF2). Porcine circovirus 1 is apparently non-pathogenic and, in contrast, PCV2 is associated with porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Our objective was to determine the extent of exposure of normal pigs in Canada and Costa Rica to PCV2. Recombinant DNA techniques were used to produce an antigen from ORF2 of PCV2 that was suitable for the detection of antibody in swine sera. The presence of PCV2 nucleotide sequences was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Using these tests, specific antibody and nucleotide sequences were demonstrated in sera from a cohort of pigs during a PMWS outbreak. Antibody was detected in normal, healthy hogs slaughtered in Canada (82.4% of 386) and in Costa Rica (14.6% of 322). This is the first report indicating the presence of PCV2 in Latin America. More than 50% of these sera also contained PCV2 nucleotide sequence. Although these hogs were healthy when slaughtered, they were infected with PCV2 and may have previously been ill. The widespread occurrence of PCV2 in swine suggests that this virus is adapted to replication in porcine tissue.
Mapping of serotonin 5-HT4 receptor mRNA and ligand binding sites in the post-mortem human brain (2000)

The anatomical localization of 5-HT(4) receptor mRNA and 5-HT(4) receptor protein was examined in sections of post-mortem human brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry and radioligand receptor autoradiography. In the in situ hybridization study, the highest levels of 5-HT(4) receptor mRNA were found in caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and in the hippocampal formation. No 5-HT(4) receptor mRNA was detected in globus pallidus and substantia nigra. For receptor autoradiography, two new and highly selective radioligands were compared: [(3)H]prucalopride, which preferentially labels the G-protein coupled fraction of receptors, and [(3)H]R116712, which labels the entire receptor population at subnanomolar concentrations. [(3)H]Prucalopride and [(3)H]R116712 binding was performed on human brain hemisphere sections. The highest densities for both radioligands were found in the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, substantia nigra). Moderate to low densities were detected in the hippocampal formation and in the cortical mantle. Mismatches between 5-HT(4) receptor mRNA and binding sites in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra suggested that the binding sites may be localized on axonal projections originating from the striatum. To compare densities of binding sites, concentration binding curves with [(3)H]prucalopride, [(3)H]R116712 and [(3)H]GR113808 were performed on membranes from homogenates of several human brain regions. Comparison of B(max)-values obtained with [(3)H]prucalopride and [(3)H]R116712 indicated that the G-protein coupled fraction of 5-HT(4) receptors in the substantia nigra was exceptionally high (54%) in comparison with percentages (16-27%) found in the frontal cortex, the striatum and the hippocampus. Such a high percentage (40%) of [(3)H]prucalopride vs. [(3)H]R116712 binding was also observed in the substantia nigra in the receptor autoradiography experiments. The [(3)H]prucalopride binding was GppNHp-sensitive, whereas [(3)H]R116712 and [(3)H]GR113808 was not. These data indicate that in the substantia nigra 5-HT(4) receptors are more strongly coupled to their signal transduction pathway than in other brain regions.
CCDC 1843109: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2019)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Hollow α-LiVOPO4 sphere cathodes for high energy Li-ion battery application (2011)

Hollow spheres of electroactive α-LiVOPO4 were synthesized via a simple one step solvothermal method. A powder X-ray diffraction study revealed that the obtained product crystallized in the triclinic α-LiVOPO4 phase. The morphology of the product was largely influenced by reaction conditions such as reaction time, temperature, etc., and the product morphology was easily fine tuned from hollow spheres to hard spheres upon changing the reaction time. Without any post-heat treatment or milling with conductive additives, these hollow spheres exhibited comparatively large reversible Li storage of 130 and 61 mA h g−1 at 0.1 and 1.7 C respectively. Excellent capacity retention and long term cycling stability were demonstrated by the hollow spheres of α-LiVOPO4. We believe that α-LiVOPO4 is likely to be a prospective cathode material for high-voltage Li ion batteries application.
Characterization of a polysaccharide capsular antigen of septicemic Escherichia coli O115:K "V165" :F165 and evaluation of its role in pathogenicity (1992)

Escherichia coli strains of serogroup O115:K(-):F165 have been associated with septicemia in calves and piglets. These strains express a capsular antigen referred to as K"V165" which inhibits agglutination of the O antigen by anti-O115 serum. We used hybrid transposon TnphoA mutants M48, 18b, and 2, and a spontaneous O-agglutinable mutant, 5131a, to evaluate the role of K"V165" in the pathogenicity of E. coli O115. Mutant M48 was as resistant to 90% rabbit serum and as virulent in day-old chickens as the parent strain 5131, mutants 18b and 5131a were less resistant to serum and less virulent in chickens, and mutant 2 was serum sensitive and avirulent. Analysis of outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles failed to show any difference between the transposon mutants and the parent strain. In contrast, the spontaneous O-agglutinable mutant showed additional bands in the 16-kDa region of the polysaccharide ladder-like pattern. Mutants 2 and 5131a produced significantly less K"V165" capsular antigen than the parent strain, as demonstrated by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with adsorbed anti-K"V165" serum. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed that mutants 2 and 5131a had lost the capsular layer observed in the parent strain after fixation with glutaraldehyde-lysine. This capsule contained carbohydrate compounds and resembled an O-antigen capsule since it prevented O-antigen agglutination before the bacteria were heated at 100 degrees C and induced bacterial serum resistance. The capsule-defective mutants colonized the intestinal epithelium of experimentally infected gnotobiotic pigs but failed to induce clinical signs of septicemia. We concluded that E. coli strains of serogroup O115 expressed a polysaccharide capsular antigen which induced serum resistance and consequently contributed to the pathogenicity of the bacteria.
Immunization of Guinea Pigs with Novel Hepatitis B Antigen as Nanoparticle Aggregate Powders Administered by the Pulmonary Route (2020)

Novel nanoparticle-aggregate formulations containing recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) were administered to the lungs of guinea pigs and antibodies generated to this antigen evaluated. Preparations of dry powders of: (a) rHBsAg encapsulated within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (antigen nanoparticles, AgN(SD)), (b) rHBsAg in a physical mixture with blank PLGA/PEG nanoparticles (antigen nanoparticle admixture (AgNA(SD)), and (c) rHBsAg encapsulated in PLGA/PEG nanoparticles plus free rHBsAg (antigen nanoparticles and free antigen), were generated by spray drying with leucine. Control groups consisted of alum with adsorbed rHBsAg (AlumAg); reconstituted suspensions of spray-dried rHBsAg-loaded PLGA/PEG nanoparticles with leucine; and rHBsAg-loaded PLGA/PEG nanoparticles (AgN). Control preparations were administered by intramuscular injection; AgN was also spray instilled into the lungs. The IgG titers were measured in the serum for 24 weeks after the initial immunization; IgA titers were measured in the bronchio-alveolar lavage fluid. While the highest titer of serum IgG antibody was observed in guinea pigs immunized with AlumAg administered by the IM route, animals immunized with powder formulations via the pulmonary route exhibited high IgA titers. In addition, guinea pigs immunized with AgNA(SD) via the pulmonary route exhibited IgG titers above 1,000 mIU/ml in the serum (IgG titers above 10 mIU/ml is considered protective). Thus, the disadvantages observed with the existing hepatitis B vaccine administered by the parenteral route may be overcome by administering them as novel dry powders to the lungs. In addition, these powders have the advantage of eliciting a high mucosal immune response in the lungs without traditional adjuvants.
A concurrent dual-band/multi-carrier transmitter architecture for power and efficiency enhancement (2013)

This paper has demonstrated a novel a dual-band (DB)/multi-carrier (MC) transmitters (Tx) architecture to enhance output power and power-efficiency. Theoretical analysis revealed that crest factor (CF) of two modulated RF signals can be reduced by widening frequency-spacing of the signals. Then, the proposed Tx was comprised of concurrent DB/single-carrier (SC) power amplifiers (PAs) while a conventional Tx was comprised of single-band (SB)/MC PAs. The proposed Tx was able to achieve higher output power and power-efficiency than the conventional Tx because the PAs in the proposed Tx amplified the wider frequency-spacing signals with lower CF compared to that in the conventional Tx. The measurement results demonstrated that the proposed Tx achieved higher output power than the conventional Tx by 2.2 dB with 2-carrier WCDMA down-link signals at dual-band of 500 MHz and 800 MHz while using the same PA. The measured power-efficiency of the proposed Tx was 1.24 times as high as that of the conventional Tx.