gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated aging induced by deficiency of Zmpste24 protects old mice to develop bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (2018)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating aging-associated disease of unknown etiology. Despite that aging is a major risk factor, the mechanisms linking aging with this disease are uncertain, and experimental models to explore them in lung fibrosis are scanty. We examined the fibrotic response to bleomycin-induced lung injury in <i>Zmpste24-deficient</i> mice, which exhibit nuclear lamina defects developing accelerated aging. We found that young WT and <i>Zmpste24(-/-)</i> mice developed a similar fibrotic response to bleomycin. Unexpectedly, while old WT mice developed severe lung fibrosis, accelerated aged <i>Zmpste24-/-</i> mice were protected showing scant lung damage. To investigate possible mechanisms associated with this resistance to fibrosis, we compared the transcriptome signature of the lungs and found that <i>Zmpste24</i>(-/-) mice showed downregulation of several core and associated matrisome genes compared with WT mice. Interestingly, some microRNAs that target extracellular matrix molecules such as miR23a, miR27a, miR29a, miR29b-1, miR145a, and miR491 were dysregulated resulting in downregulation of profibrotic pathways such as TGF-β/SMAD3/NF-κB and Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling axis. These results indicate that the absence of <i>Zmpste24</i> in aging mice results in impaired lung fibrotic response after injury, which is likely associated to the dysregulation of fibrosis-related miRNAs.
Variability and Sample Size Requirements of Quality-of-Life Measures: A Randomized Study of Three Major Questionnaires (2005)

In some aspects, the FACT-G and FLIC global QOL scores had smaller variability and larger discriminative ability than the EORTC QLQ-C30. Further research using other criteria to compare the three instruments is recommended.
ChemInform Abstract: Preferred Conformation of C‐Glycosides. Part 8. Synthesis of 1,4‐ Linked Carbon Disaccharides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
192 THE PULSATILE NATURE OF BLOOD FLOW BY NMR IMAGING (1985)

Herfkens, R. J. M.D.; Hedlund, L. W. Ph.D.; Dietz, J. M.D.; Coleman, R. E. M.D. Author Information
Point Process Filtering Estimates of Branching Rate for Neural Dendritic Morphology Generation (2018)

Current parametric approaches to dendritic morphology generation are limited in their ability to replicate realistic branching. A non-parametric approach applying a point process filter and the expectation-maximization algorithm offers a data-based solution that estimates the dendritic branching rate based on observations of bifurcation events in real neurons. Point processes can then be simulated using this branching rate estimate to indicate when a generated morphology should branch. Morphologies generated using this technique match both basic and emergent property distributions of the real neurons used as input into the algorithm. Further refinement of branching angles will allow for a flexible tool to generate realistic morphologies of a variety of neuronal stereotypes.
Blockade of chemokine-induced signalling inhibits CCR5-dependent HIV infection in vitro without blocking gp120/CCR5 interaction (2005)

These observations suggest that, in some cases, intracellular signals generated by the chemokine coreceptor may be required for a productive HIV infection.
Physical performance of a prototype 3D PET scanner using CdTe detectors (2007)

We developed a prototype 3D PET scanner that uses CdTe semiconductor detectors. The scanner is dedicated to human brain imaging. A semiconductor detector should have advantages when used as a PET detector (e.g. good quantitative imaging and high-spatial resolution). The detectors incorporate three important technical features: stacked crystals, no contact with the board, and direct soldering onto the board. Our scanner comprises 18 detector units with a 350-mm-diameter patient port that has a transaxial field of view of 310 mm and an axial field of view of 250 mm. We demonstrated the scanner had a timing resolution of 6.8 ns (FWHM), an energy resolution of 4.1% (FWHM), and a spatial resolution such that hot rods down to 2.5 mm in diameter were visually separated. These results showed that our scanner should produce quantitative imaging with a high-spatial resolution.
Temporal differences in the activation of three classes of non-transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases following B-cell antigen receptor surface engagement. (1994)

We evaluated in WEHI 231 B cells the time-dependent responses of Lyn, Blk, Btk, Syk, and three members of the Jak family of protein tyrosine kinases following antibody-mediated surface engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor. Our results show that the enzyme activities of Lyn and Blk were stimulated within seconds of antigen receptor engagement and correlated with the initial tyrosine phosphorylation of the Ig alpha and Ig beta subunits of the B-cell antigen receptor. Btk enzyme activity was also transiently stimulated and was maximal at approximately 5 min after B-cell receptor surface binding. Syk activity gradually increased to a maximum at 10-30 min following receptor ligation and was found to parallel the association of Syk with the tyrosine phosphorylated Ig alpha and Ig beta subunits of the receptor. While the specific activities of the Jak1, Jak2, and Tyk2 protein tyrosine kinases were unaltered following B-cell receptor ligation, the abundance of Jak1 and Jak2 were increased 3- to 4-fold within 10 min of receptor engagement. These results demonstrate that multiple families of non-transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases are temporally regulated during the process of B-cell antigen receptor-initiated intracellular signal transduction.
Lentiviral Vector Gene Therapy Protects XCGD Mice From Acute Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia and Inflammatory Response (2016)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency due to a deficiency in one of the subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. CGD patients are characterized by an increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, and to granuloma formation due to the excessive inflammatory responses. Several gene therapy approaches with lentiviral vectors have been proposed but there is a lack of in vivo data on the ability to control infections and inflammation. We set up a mouse model of acute infection that closely mimic the airway infection in CGD patients. It involved an intratracheal injection of a methicillin-sensitive reference strain of S. aureus. Gene therapy, with hematopoietic stem cells transduced with regulated lentiviral vectors, restored the functional activity of NADPH oxidase complex (with 20-98% of dihydrorhodamine positive granulocytes and monocytes) and saved mice from death caused by S. aureus, significantly reducing the bacterial load and lung damage, similarly to WT mice even at low vector copy number. When challenged, gene therapy-treated XCGD mice showed correction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine imbalance at levels that were comparable to WT. Examined together, our results support the clinical development of gene therapy protocols using lentiviral vectors for the protection against infections and inflammation.
Safe limits on voltage reduction efficiency in GPUs (2015)

Energy efficiency of GPU architectures has emerged as an important aspect of computer system design. In this paper, we explore the energy benefits of reducing the GPU chip's voltage to the safe limit, i.e. Vmin point. We perform such a study on several commercial off-the-shelf GPU cards. We find that there exists about 20% voltage guardband on those GPUs spanning two architectural generations, which, if "eliminated" completely, can result in up to 25% energy savings on one of the studied GPU cards. The exact improvement magnitude depends on the program's available guardband, because our measurement results unveil a program dependent Vmin behavior across the studied programs. We make fundamental observations about the program-dependent Vmin behavior. We experimentally determine that the voltage noise has a larger impact on Vmin compared to the process and temperature variation, and the activities during the kernel execution cause large voltage droops. From these findings, we show how to use a kernel's microarchitectural performance counters to predict its Vmin value accurately. The average and maximum prediction errors are 0.5% and 3%, respectively. The accurate Vmin prediction opens up new possibilities of a cross-layer dynamic guardbanding scheme for GPUs, in which software predicts and manages the voltage guardband, while the functional correctness is ensured by a hardware safety net mechanism.
Characterizing cross-sectional profile variations by using multiple parameters extracted from top-down SEM images (2002)

This paper describes a new approach towards monitoring the semiconductor lithography process using critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM). In the lithography process, there are two important process parameters, exposure dose E and focus F. To monitor both the E and F variation, a new method for characterizing the cross-sectional profile of the photoresist pattern from the secondary electron (SE) waveform has been developed. An innovative feature of this method is that it can quantify the degree of top rounding (TR) and bottom rounding (BR) of the cross-sectional profile separately.
Blind Adaptive spatial Equalisation in S-UMTS-system (1999)

Today there is an increasing demand for a higher data rate in both the existing and future mobile communication system. With higher data rate, the InterSymbol Interference (ISI) problem will also increase. In this paper, a Spatial Normalised Adaptive Constant Modulus Algorithm (SA-NCMA) equaliser will be presented that will compensate for the ISI problem.
Anisotropic Spreading Behavior of PAO Oil on Laser‐Patterned Stainless Steel Surfaces (2015)

Periodic line‐like structures with different periodicities (5 and 10 µm) were fabricated by laser interference patterning on stainless steel samples. A detailed characterization of the resulting surface topography and its homogeneity (analyzed by power spectral density) was performed by white light interferometry. The resulting anisotropic spreading behavior of an oil droplet, a Poly‐(alpha)‐olefin with a relatively small kinematic viscosity, was investigated on the patterned surfaces. The droplet motion was recorded by a digital light microscope, with the length and width measured at different intervals,revealing droplet distortion. From this study, it can be concluded that the periodicity and aspect ratio, are the most influencing factors with regard to the spreading behavior. Surface patterns with smaller periodicities and larger aspect ratios lead to a larger droplet distortion, whereas the homogeneity of the pattern plays a minor role.
Search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks (2002)

Decentralized and unstructured peer-to-peer networks such as Gnutella are attractive for certain applications because they require no centralized directories and no precise control over network topology or data placement. However, the flooding-based query algorithm used in Gnutella does not scale; each individual query generates a large amount of traffic and large systems quickly become overwhelmed by the query-induced load. This paper explores various alternatives to Gnutella's query algorithm and data replication strategy. We propose a query algorithm based on multiple random walks that resolves queries almost as quickly as Gnutella's flooding method while reducing the network traffic by two orders of magnitude in many cases. We also present a distributed replication strategy that yields close-to-optimal performance.
Variable elimination in chemical reaction networks with mass action\n kinetics (2011)

We consider chemical reaction networks taken with mass action kinetics. The\nsteady states of such a system are solutions to a system of polynomial\nequations. Even for small systems the task of finding the solutions is\ndaunting. We develop an algebraic framework and procedure for linear\nelimination of variables. The procedure reduces the variables in the system to\na set of "core" variables by eliminating variables corresponding to a set of\nnon-interacting species. The steady states are parameterized algebraically by\nthe core variables, and a graphical condition is given for when a steady state\nwith positive core variables necessarily have all variables positive. Further,\nwe characterize graphically the sets of eliminated variables that are\nconstrained by a conservation law and show that this conservation law takes a\nspecific form.\n
Using focus cues in solving the binocular correspondence problem (2010)

To measure binocular disparity, the visual system must match the same object elements in the two eyes' retinal images. Solving this correspondence problem becomes increasingly difficult as similar elements are added to the images. In natural viewing, disparity is nearly always correlated with focus cues: blur in the retinal image and accommodation. We asked whether this correlation helps solve the correspondence problem. We presented a stimulus that specified two planes in depth: a frontoparallel near plane and a far plane that could be rotated about a vertical axis. The planes were textured with smooth sticks in random position (van Ee & Anderson, 2001). The sticks were the same color and angular size, so matches in the two eyes' images were frequently incorrect; incorrectly matched sticks did not appear as part of either plane. When the sticks all had similar orientations, false matches were common; when the sticks had a wider range of orientations, false matches were less common. We presented the stimulus in two ways: 1) on one image plane in a conventional 3d display, 2) on multiple image planes in a novel volumetric display (Akeley et al., 2004). The disparities were identical in the two conditions. In the first condition, focus cues specified one plane and were therefore inconsistent with the disparity-specified stimulus. In the second condition, focus cues specified two planes consistent with the disparity stimulus. The first condition mimics standard experimental technique in psychophysics; the latter mimics natural viewing. We measured slant-discrimination thresholds for the far plane. As expected, thresholds were lower in conditions with greater variation of stick orientation. More importantly, thresholds were systematically lower in the volumetric than in the conventional viewing condition. Thus, the visual system takes advantage of the natural correlation between disparity and focus cues when solving the correspondence problem.
Metal-Dependent Interplay between Crystallization and Phosphorus Diffusion during the Synthesis of Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles (2012)

The interplay between crystallization and phosphorus diffusion in the versatile synthesis of metal phosphide nanoparticles from well-defined metal nanoparticles is studied by using a favorable “P(0)” source for mechanistic studies: white phosphorus. In this study, the reaction of Ni, Fe, Pd, and Cu nanoparticles with P4 was quantitative even at relatively low temperatures thanks to the high reactivity of this soluble “P” source. Intermediate amorphous alloys could be identified for the first time in the case of Fe and Pd, while the quantitative character of the reaction provided a selective and controlled access to Pd5P4 versus PdP2 and Cu3P versus CuP2. Morphological evolution of the nanoparticles with temperature and M/P stoichiometry was also discussed and provided new insights in the kinetics of the reaction in each case. Hollow Ni2P and FeP nanoparticles were finally obtained while the particularly high stability of the amorphous plain Pd3P nanoparticles was uncovered.
0327 Age-Related Associations Between Chronotype and Sleep-Wake Cycles: A Big Data Analysis (2022)

Abstract Introduction Circadian rhythms progressively delay throughout adolescence until older adulthood when they advance to become early as children. Chronotype represents a subjective assessment of when one feels their performance is optimal. Evidence suggests evening chronotype is associated with adverse health effects. Presently, it is unclear whether sleep-wake cycles and chronotype diverge across ages. Here, we examined whether self-reported chronotype was associated with the daily start of the sleep-wake cycle (indicated through objectively measured bedtime) across the lifespan using a large, ecologically-valid dataset. Methods Data from 11,026 users (mean age: 45.3, 54.3% female) across 1,167,489 nights were included in the analysis from the PSG-validated SleepScore Mobile Application, which uses a non-contact, sonar-based method to objectively capture sleep-related metrics, and questionnaires to assess self-reported lifestyle factors. Chronotype was subjectively assessed with a 5-item question ranging from definitely morning-type to definitely evening-type. Bedtime, a proxy for the daily start of the sleep-wake cycle, was captured as the time at which users started a sleep recording in the Application. Linear regressions were used for the analysis. Results Overall, chronotypes showed a near-normal distribution with a skew toward definite evening types (n=2147) compared to definite morning (n=1560) types (21.70% versus 15.70%). As expected, average bedtime was earliest for definite morning types (mean=23:02 ± 86.4 mins) and latest for definite evening types (mean=01:10 ± 102 mins). Across all chronotypes, linear regressions revealed a significant negative association between overall age and bedtime (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Among definitive evening types, younger ages had later bedtimes and older ages had earlier bedtimes (ß=-0.014, SE=0.002, p&amp;lt;0.00001). Further, the degree of change in bedtimes across age was largest for definite morning types, whereby average bedtime decreased from 23:38 (SD=86.3 mins) at age 20 to 22:29 (SD=88.2mins) at age 80 (ß=-0.019, SE = 0.002, p&amp;lt;0.00001). Conclusion The present analysis showed that, across chronotypes, younger ages had later bedtimes and older ages had earlier bedtimes, presumably driven by age-related changes in circadian rhythmicity. This association was also exemplified by morning-types showing the greatest change in bedtimes across the lifespan. Future prospective studies are warranted to examine the relationship between longitudinal changes to chronotype and endogenous circadian rhythmicity across the lifespan. Support (If Any)
Blood Pressure Continuous Measurement through a Wearable Device: Development and Validation of a Cuffless Method (2021)

The present study aims to develop and validate a cuffless method for blood pressure continuous measurement through a wearable device. The goal is achieved according to the time-delay method, with the guiding principle of the time relation it takes for a blood volume to travel from the heart to a peripheral site. Inversely proportional to the blood pressure, this time relation is obtained as the time occurring between the R peak of the electrocardiographic signal and a marker point on the photoplethysmographic wave. Such physiological signals are recorded by using L.I.F.E. Italia's wearable device, made of a sensorized shirt and wristband. A linear regression model is implemented to estimate the corresponding blood pressure variations from the obtained time-delay and other features of the photoplethysmographic wave. Then, according to the international standards, the model performance is assessed, comparing the estimates with the measurements provided by a certified digital sphygmomanometer. According to the standards, the results obtained during this study are notable, with 85% of the errors lower than 10 mmHg and a mean absolute error lower than 7 mmHg. In conclusion, this study suggests a time-delay method for continuous blood pressure estimates with good performance, compared with a reference device based on the oscillometric technique.
Comparison of Time-Based Probability Methods for Estimating Energy Storage Requirements for an Off-Grid Residence (2008)

The use of energy storage in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar is receiving more attention to help mitigate the effects of the intermittent nature of these sources. When considering energy storage, one wishes to maximize the probability that there will be enough energy available to meet the residential load demand while minimizing the cost of both the renewable energy sources as well as the energy storage device(s). In this paper, an off-grid residence with wind energy supply and energy storage is studied. Two different methods of estimating the number of hours the load is unable to be supplied are compared. Both involve Monte Carlo simulations, with one being based on a first order Markov Chain of the wind distribution at a particular site. Simulations indicate that the two methods yield vastly different results for the number of hours the residential load cannot be supplied.
Miniaturized scintillator dosimeter for small field radiation therapy (2021)

The concept of a miniaturized inorganic scintillator detector is demonstrated in the analysis of the small static photon fields used in external radiation therapy. Such a detector is constituted by a 0.25 mm diameter and 0.48 mm long inorganic scintillating cell (1.6 × 10<sup>-5</sup>cm<sup>3</sup>detection volume) efficiently coupled to a narrow 125<i>μ</i>m diameter silica optical fiber using a tiny photonic interface (an optical antenna). The response of our miniaturized scintillator detector (MSD) under 6 MV bremsstrahlung beam of various sizes (from 1 × 1 cm<sup>2</sup>to 4 × 4 cm<sup>2</sup>) is compared to that of two high resolution reference probes, namely, a micro-diamond detector and a dedicated silicon diode. The spurious Cerenkov signal transmitted through our bare detector is rejected with a basic spectral filtering. The MSD shows a linear response regarding the dose, a repeatability within 0.1% and a radial directional dependence of 0.36% (standard deviations). Beam profiling at 5 cm depth with the MSD and the micro-diamond detector shows a mismatch in the measurement of the full widths at 80% and 50% of the maximum which does not exceed 0.25 mm. The same difference range is found between the micro-diamond detector and a silicon diode. The deviation of the percentage depth dose between the MSD and micro-diamond detector remains below 2.3% within the first fifteen centimeters of the decay region for field sizes of 1 × 1 cm<sup>2</sup>, 2 × 2 cm<sup>2</sup>and 3 × 3 cm<sup>2</sup>(0.76% between the silicon diode and the micro-diamond in the same field range). The 2D dose mapping of a 0.6 × 0.6 cm<sup>2</sup>photon field evidences the strong 3D character of the radiation-matter interaction in small photon field regime. From a beam-probe convolution theory, we predict that our probe overestimates the beam width by 0.06%, making our detector a right compromise between high resolution, compactness, flexibility and ease of use. The MSD overcomes problem of volume averaging, stem effects, and despite its water non-equivalence it is expected to minimize electron fluence perturbation due to its extreme compactness. Such a detector thus has the potential to become a valuable dose verification tool in small field radiation therapy, and by extension in Brachytherapy, FLASH-radiotherapy and microbeam radiation therapy.
Editor's notes on special issue on “reliability and maintenance modeling with big data” (2018)

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