gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eine Verbindung mit Bor‐Arsen‐Doppelbindung (1990)

Ein B‐As‐Abstand von 1.926 Å und eine erheblich eingeschränkte Drehbarkeit um die zentrale B‐As‐Achse sind eindeutige Hinweise auf eine B‐As‐π‐Wechselwirkung im Arsandiylborat 1 . Orangerote Kristalle von 1 entstehen aus Mes 2 BF und Li 2 AsPh in THF in 59% Ausbeute. magnified image
Phase transition in CrxAl(1-x)N coating at high temperatures (2014)

Transition metal nitrides (say TiN and CrN) have widespread industrial applications as they provide wear protection, high temperature and corrosion resistance, good adhesion and very high hardness. Over the past few years, CrNs have been used in cutting, milling and screw-threading tools due to their better thermal stability, corrosion and wear resistances. In this work, Al doped CrN superhard coatings are studied for their thermal stability. Surface and cross sectional morphology of the coating was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector. Synchrotron radiation powder diffraction beamline was used to investigate the microstructure and phase transition of the coating layers within temperature range of 25 ˚C to 700 ˚C in steps of 100 ˚C. SEM study revealed interesting elemental distribution over the coating layers. Results indicated that CrN and Cr2N are the main structural phases at 25 ˚C and 700 ˚C, respectively. Dominant structural changes during annealing results in the gradual transformation of cubic CrN phase to the hexagonal Cr2N phase. In addition, recrystallization of CrN and Cr2N phases with preferential growth directions were observed. As the temperature increased the width of the peaks were reduced while their increased intensity indicate the grain growth in the coating layers.
Background/Foreground Separation: Guided Attention based Adversarial Modeling (GAAM) versus Robust Subspace Learning Methods (2021)

Background-Foreground separation and appearance generation is a fundamental step in many computer vision applications. Existing methods like Robust Subspace Learning (RSL) suffer performance degradation in the presence of challenges like bad weather, illumination variations, occlusion, dynamic backgrounds and intermittent object motion. In the current work we propose a more accurate deep neural network based model for background-foreground separation and complete appearance generation of the foreground objects. Our proposed model, Guided Attention based Adversarial Model (GAAM), can efficiently extract pixel-level boundaries of the foreground objects for improved appearance generation. Unlike RSL methods our model extracts the binary information of foreground objects labeled as attention map which guides our generator network to segment the foreground objects from the complex background information. Wide range of experiments performed on the benchmark CDnet2014 dataset demonstrate the excellent performance of our proposed model.
Identification of SPARC as a candidate target antigen for immunotherapy of various cancers (2010)

To establish efficient anticancer immunotherary, it is important to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) directing the immune system to attack cancer. A genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis identified that secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene is overexpressed in the gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer tissues but not in their noncancerous counterparts. This study attempted to identify HLA-A24 (A*2402)-restricted and SPARC-derived CTL epitopes. We previously identified H-2K(d)-restricted and SPARC-derived CTL epitope peptides in BALB/c mice, of which H-2K(d)-binding peptide motif is comparable with that of HLA-A24 binding peptides. By using these peptides, we tried to induce HLA-A24 (A*2402)-restricted and SPARC-reactive human CTLs and demonstrated an antitumor immune response. The SPARC-A24-1(143-151) (DYIGPCKYI) and SPARC-A24-4(225-234) (MYIFPVHWQF) peptides-reactive CTLs were successfully induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by in vitro stimulation with these two peptides in HLA-A24 (A*2402) positive healthy donors and cancer patients, and these CTLs exhibited cytotoxicity specific to cancer cells expressing both SPARC and HLA-A24 (A*2402). Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of the SPARC-specific CTLs could inhibit the tumor growth in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing human cancer cells expressing both HLA-A24 (A*2402) and SPARC. These findings suggest that SPARC is a potentially useful target candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
2311 Micro Gyroscope using Electro-conjugate Fluid (2005)

An Electro-conjugate Fluid (ECF) is a kind of dielectric fluids, which produces powerful jet-flow (ECF jet) when subjected to a high DC voltage. In this study, we propose a novel micro gyroscope using the ECF. By using the ECF, a micromotor without an output axis, which we call an ECF micro gyro motor, can be realized, in which a disk plate rotor rotates and floats by the ECF jet. When an angular velocity is applied to the ECF gyro motor, the floating rotor declines against the stator. Measuring the deflection angle allows us to detect the angular velocity applied to the motor. Accordingly, we develop ECF micro gyro motors with rotor diameter of 3mm and 1.5mm to obtain design guideline for the ECF micro gyroscope, and produce a ECF micro gyroscope.
An implantable blood flowmeter using monolithic integrated circuits (1972)

An implantable flowmeter has been developed for chronic radio-telemetry of blood flow in major arteries. Device consists of four unique monolithic circuits with a power drain of 13 mW from a 1.35-V supply.
Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease (2022)

Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a series of processes that provide structural substances, signalling molecules and energy. Ample evidence has shown that FA uptake is mediated by plasma membrane transporters including FA transport proteins (FATPs), caveolin-1, fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, and fatty-acid binding proteins. Unlike other FA transporters, the functions of FATPs have been controversial because they contain both motifs of FA transport and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). The widely distributed FATP4 is not a direct FA transporter but plays a predominant function as an ACS. FATP4 deficiency causes ichthyosis premature syndrome in mice and humans associated with suppression of polar lipids but an increase in neutral lipids including triglycerides (TGs). Such a shift has been extensively characterized in enterocyte-, hepatocyte-, and adipocyte-specific Fatp4-deficient mice. The mutants under obese and non-obese fatty livers induced by different diets persistently show an increase in blood non-esterified free fatty acids and glycerol indicating the lipolysis of TGs. This review also focuses on FATP4 role on regulatory networks and factors that modulate FATP4 expression in metabolic tissues including intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Metabolic disorders especially regarding blood lipids by FATP4 deficiency in different cell types are herein discussed. Our results may be applicable to not only patients with FATP4 mutations but also represent a model of dysregulated lipid homeostasis, thus providing mechanistic insights into obesity and development of fatty liver disease.
Evaluating the impact of fast-fMRI on dynamic functional connectivity in an event-based paradigm (2018)

The human brain is known to contain several functional networks that interact dynamically. Therefore, it is desirable to analyze the temporal features of these networks by dynamic functional connectivity (dFC). A sliding window approach was used in an event-related fMRI (visual stimulation using checkerboards) to assess the impact of repetition time (TR) and window size on the temporal features of BOLD dFC. In addition, we also examined the spatial distribution of dFC and tested the feasibility of this approach for the analysis of interictal epileptiforme discharges. 15 healthy controls (visual stimulation paradigm) and three patients with epilepsy (EEG-fMRI) were measured with EPI-fMRI. We calculated the functional connectivity degree (FCD) by determining the total number of connections of a given voxel above a predefined threshold based on Pearson correlation. FCD could capture hemodynamic changes relative to stimulus onset in controls. A significant effect of TR and window size was observed on FCD estimates. At a conventional TR of 2.6 s, FCD values were marginal compared to FCD values using sub-seconds TRs achievable with multiband (MB) fMRI. Concerning window sizes, a specific maximum of FCD values (inverted u-shape behavior) was found for each TR, indicating a limit to the possible gain in FCD for increasing window size. In patients, a dynamic FCD change was found relative to the onset of epileptiform EEG patterns, which was compatible with their clinical semiology. Our findings indicate that dynamic FCD transients are better detectable with sub-second TR than conventional TR. This approach was capable of capturing neuronal connectivity across various regions of the brain, indicating a potential to study the temporal characteristics of interictal epileptiform discharges and seizures in epilepsy patients or other brain diseases with brief events.
Angiotensin inhibition enhances drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy by decompressing tumour blood vessels (2013)

Cancer and stromal cells actively exert physical forces (solid stress) to compress tumour blood vessels, thus reducing vascular perfusion. Tumour interstitial matrix also contributes to solid stress, with hyaluronan implicated as the primary matrix molecule responsible for vessel compression because of its swelling behaviour. Here we show, unexpectedly, that hyaluronan compresses vessels only in collagen-rich tumours, suggesting that collagen and hyaluronan together are critical targets for decompressing tumour vessels. We demonstrate that the angiotensin inhibitor losartan reduces stromal collagen and hyaluronan production, associated with decreased expression of profibrotic signals TGF-β1, CCN2 and ET-1, downstream of angiotensin-II-receptor-1 inhibition. Consequently, losartan reduces solid stress in tumours resulting in increased vascular perfusion. Through this physical mechanism, losartan improves drug and oxygen delivery to tumours, thereby potentiating chemotherapy and reducing hypoxia in breast and pancreatic cancer models. Thus, angiotensin inhibitors -inexpensive drugs with decades of safe use - could be rapidly repurposed as cancer therapeutics.
Coupling of codoped In and N impurities in ZnS:Ag: Experiment and theory (2002)

A vapor-phase-grown epitaxial ZnS:Ag layer simultaneously codoped with In and N on GaAs substrate exhibited a 436-nm light emission and p-type conduction with a low resistivity. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy revealed that the In 3d5/2 electron binding energy of the codoped ZnS:In,N layer was smaller by 0.5 eV than that of the ZnS:In independently doped layer, although the 2p3/2 electron binding energies of Zn and S of the codoped layer agreed well with those of the independently doped layer, respectively. The reduction of binding energy was ascribed to an increase in the electronic relaxation energy for core-hole states in photoemission and reflects a large charge transfer between the In and N atoms at the first neighbor sites through covalent sp3 bonding orbitals. An increase of the spectral intensity at around 4 eV relative to the valence band maximum observed for the codoped layer corresponds to a new state at −3.67 eV from the valence band maximum due to a strong coupling between the In 5s and N 2p orbitals at the first neighbor sites, derived from a first-principle band structure calculation for ZnS:(In,2N).
Novel liposome-based formulations for prolonged delivery of proteins and vaccines (1995)

Two strategies for increasing liposome stability in vivo are described in this review. The first strategy involves the encapsulation of liposomes within polymeric microcapsules of alginate-poly(L-lysine) that retained the liposomes inside but allowed the outward diffusion of proteins of 100 kDa or less, once they were released from the encapsulated liposomes. In vivo studies revealed that the microencapsulated liposome systems (MELs) extended the delivery of a model antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA), for more that 80 days, resulting in the prolonged production of high levels of antigen-specific antibodies. The antibody levels were higher that those obtained with rats injected with BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant, or in liposomes. The unique construction of MELs enabled also the enzymatically-triggered pulsatile delivery of proteins from encapsulated liposomes, which was not possible before with liposomes.
506. Transductional and Genome Biodistribution of Novel AAV Serotype Vectors after Systemic Delivery and Their Liver Specific Dose Response Profiles in Mice (2005)

Recent discovery of a novel family of primate AAVs led to the developement of vectors with unprecedented efficiency in liver. To search for other potential applications of these vectors, we treated C57BL/6 mice intravenously with either 1|[times]|1011 or 1|[times]|1012 GC/mouse of AAVs 2, 5, 7, 8 and 9CBnLacZ. At days 3, 30 and 90, 13 tissues from treated animals were analyzed for LacZ expression by X-gal histochemical staining and vector genome quantification by TaqMan PCR. Analysis of day 3 samples revealed that AAVs 7, 8 and 9 derived vectors displayed more robust and broader tissue transduction profiles. Liver, cardiac and diaphragm muscles were the primary transduction targets by the 3 vectors. At the dose of 1|[times]|1011, more than 90% of hepatocyes were transduced by AAVs 8 and 9, 60-70% by AAV7. However, at a 10-fold higher dose, 100% of hepatocytes in all 3 vector groups stained blue. In the low dose groups, AAV9 transduced cardiac myocytes the best, followed by AAV8 and AAV7. But all 3 vectors achieved remarkable transduction in the heart at the high dose. All 3 novel vectors resulted in significant numbers of X-gal positive myocyte nuclei in the diaphragm muscle, particularly at the high dose. Hepatocyte transduction achieved by AAV 2 and AAV5 were only a few percent at the low dose but a clear dose response was observed in AAV2 high dose animals. No transduction events were detected in heart and diaphragm sections of the AAVs 2 and 5 treated animals. In addition, X-gal stained muscularis cells and smooth muscle cells of some tissues in GI track including stomach, small bowel and colon were readily noticeable in AAVs 7, 8 and 9 but not in the AAV2 and 5 groups. X-gal positive stromal cells but not follicles in the ovary were occasionally visible in all vector and dose groups. Several cell types including renal tubular cells in kidney were sporadically found to be transduced by AAVs 7, 8 and 9. These 3 vectors also transduced some acinar cells, interlobular connective tissues but rarely islets in pancreas. With all vector and dose groups, no transduction events were recognized in the brain, anterior tibialis muscle and lung tissues. In contrast to distinguished tissue transductional profiles of AAV serotype vectors, there was no serotype specific genome targeting observed. In most of tissues analyzed, genome copies of all rAAVs in a particular tissue are quite similar, suggesting that the capsid directed genome processing pathway represent the determining factor for the serotype specific vector biology.
Signal Integration in theVibrio harveyiandVibrio choleraeQuorum-Sensing Circuits (2014)

The marine animal pathogen Vibrio harveyi and the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae are aquatic bacteria that engage in a process of cell-cell communication called quorum sensing (QS). Autoinducer (AI)-2 is derived from S-adenosylmethionine in three enzymatic steps. First, S-adenosylmethionine serves as a methyl donor for many biochemical processes, and these methyltransferase-dependent reactions yield S-adenosylhomocysteine. Second, S-adenosylhomocysteine is metabolized to adenine and S-ribosylhomocysteine by the enzyme Pfs, and third, S-ribosylhomocysteine is the substrate for the LuxS enzyme. In mixed species consortia, other microbes also have the potential to alter AI-2 levels, and other classes of AIs are clearly manipulated, but the authors have restricted the discussion to AI-2 and how that pertains to Vibrio QS. Appropriate and distinct responses to potentially different communities are possible because of signal integration in the Vibrio circuits. Channel proteins LsrC and LsrD mediate the delivery of the ligand across the membrane. LsrA is an ATPase that supplies the energy required for transport. Rapid Lsr-dependent transport of R-THMF into the cell occurs at high cell densities. Recent studies in V. harveyi show that it possesses five qrr genes, like its closest Vibrio relatives. Examination of their functions reveals that, in stark contrast to V. cholerae, in V. harveyi the quorum-regulatory RNAs (Qrr) sRNAs act additively to control luxR mRNA levels.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Dengue Virus Type 4 and Identification of Enhancing Epitopes on Envelope Protein (2015)

The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) pose a serious threat to global health. Cross-reactive and non-neutralizing antibodies enhance viral infection, thereby exacerbating the disease via antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Studying the epitopes targeted by these enhancing antibodies would improve the immune responses against DENV infection. In order to investigate the roles of antibodies in the pathogenesis of dengue, we generated a panel of 16 new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against DENV4. Using plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), we examined the neutralizing activity of these mAbs. Furthermore, we used the in vitro and in vivo ADE assay to evaluate the enhancement of DENV infection by mAbs. The results indicate that the cross-reactive and poorly neutralizing mAbs, DD11-4 and DD18-5, strongly enhance DENV1-4 infection of K562 cells and increase mortality in AG129 mice. The epitope residues of these enhancing mAbs were identified using virus-like particle (VLP) mutants. W212 and E26 are the epitope residues of DD11-4 and DD18-5, respectively. In conclusion, we generated and characterized 16 new mAbs against DENV4. DD11-4 and D18-5 possessed non-neutralizing activities and enhanced viral infection. Moreover, we identified the epitope residues of enhancing mAbs on envelope protein. These results may provide useful information for development of safe dengue vaccine.
Identification of an Allergen Related to Phl p 4, a Major Timothy Grass Pollen Allergen, in Pollens, Vegetables, and Fruits by Immunogold Electron Microscopy (2002)

Group 4 grass pollen allergens represent 60 kDa glycoproteins recognized by 70% of patients sensitive to these pollens. An antiserum against purified Phl p 4 from timothy grass pollen was used to investigate various pollens, fruits, and vegetables for Phl p 4-related allergens by immunogold electron microscopy. In timothy grass, mugwort, and birch pollens, allergens were located in the wall, and in timothy grass and birch pollens additionally in the cytoplasm. In peanut, apple, celery root, and carrot root, only cytoplasmic areas were labeled. Group 4-related allergens thus occur in pollens of unrelated plants and in plant food and may therefore contribute to crossreactivities in patients allergic to various pollens and plant food.
95-Gb/s NRZ-DPSK modulation with full-ETDM technique (2010)

We demonstrated 95-Gb/s NRZ-DPSK modulation by using high-speed modulator and full-ETDM technique. The BER performance under a back-to-back condition is achieved to be 7.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> at 95 Gb/s.
Barite Removal Using Macropa: Simulation and Solubility Investigations (2022)

We describe an in-depth study of the performance of the macrocyclic descaling agent ‘macropa’ for barite (BaSO4) removal. Macropa outcompetes known chelating agents such as DTPA, HEDTA, and EDTA at moderate pH. The solubility studies showed that macropa has a promising performance in removing the barite minerals at a pH of 8. Around 11.4 g of barite can be dissolved in 1 L of the macropa solution while using EDTA and DTPA solutions can dissolve around 5 and 8 g/L of the barite particles, respectively, all at the same pH of 8. Insight into the mode of action of macropa was sought using a DFT-based computational method, and this reveals that the binding energies are sensitive to the orientation of the OH groups of the acids and acid groups themselves in the 3D structural orientation. The calculated binding energies correlate well with the experimentally observed dissolution behavior. There are several indications that macropa binds K+ as well, and some care has to be taken with designing descaling experiments properly.
Introduction to Tribology and Tribological Parameters (2017)

Abstract Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion. This article describes in detail the basic structural, operational, and interaction parameters of a tribosystem. The interaction parameters, which characterize the action of the operational parameters on the structural components in the system, consist of three important aspects: contact parameters, friction parameters, and wear parameters. These three aspects embody the complex mechanisms and relationships between the constituents of a tribosystem. The article concludes with information on the selection criteria of a material for wear applications.
In vitro assessment of the proliferative abilities of lymphocytes treated with Respisure vaccine as well as immunomodulators Lydium-KLP and Methisoprinol (2010)

There are no reports in the literature on the effect of vaccine antigen supplemented with immunomodulators on the activity of T and B lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the proliferative activity of lymphocytes treated with a vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and with selected immunomodulators in in vitro examinations. Five clinically healthy piglets at the age of 21 days were used in the experiment and blood for lymphocyte isolation was collected from them. Inactivated vaccine against MPS – Respisure (Pfizer) – at dilutions of 1 : 10, 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000 and immunomodulators – Methisoprinol (Polfa Grodzisk, Poland) and Lydium- KLP (Nika Health Products Ltd, USA), were also used. The test of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was performed according to the MTT method. T lymphocytes were stimulated with ConA, whereas B lymphocytes were stimulated with LPS. The experiment showed that combinations of immunomodulators: Lydium-KLP and Methisoprinol and the Respisure vaccine at dilutions of 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000 increase in vitro proliferative activity of ConA-stimulated T lymphocytes and LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes. A stronger proliferative response of both the lymphocyte types was observed for the combination of the Respisure vaccine and Methisoprinol.
Purification and properties of a host cell protein required for poliovirus replication in vitro. (1982)

A host cell protein required for poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA replicase activity in vitro has been purified several thousand-fold from an uninfected HeLa cell postmitochondrial supernatant. A single protein of apparent Mr = approximately 67,000 daltons and pI 6.3 is associated with this "host factor" activity. Poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography of the template-dependent replicase isolated from poliovirus-infected cells results in the complete loss of replicase activity if a salt gradient is used to develop the column. Host factor elutes early in the salt gradient and restores replicase activity to protein fractions eluted later in the gradient. The host factor, estimated to be present at 50,000-100,000 copies/cell, interacts physically with replicase.