gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi‐material topology optimization of a rotating electrical machine with a density‐based method (2021)

Abstract Topology optimization (TO) has been extensively studied in the past decades especially in mechanical engineering. Among different techniques, density‐based methods have become very popular. In electrical engineering, TO has been applied essentially to linear actuators [1] or machines rotors [2] [3], but few works such as [4] deal with the coil repartition within the stator of rotating machines. In this study, we investigate a density‐based topology optimization method, which aims to maximize the average torque of a rotating electrical machine from random or uniform initial material repartition. Material properties such as magnetic permeability or current density are interpolated on densities between each material to obtain a differentiable optimization problem, using SIMP or RAMP [5] for example. A custom magnetostatic finite element solver was implemented on MATLAB ® . It takes into account the non‐linearity of magnetic materials with Newton‐Raphson method. The optimization algorithm relies on sensitivities obtained by the adjoint variable method (AVM) [6]. The methodology was performed for two test cases : • optimization of iron/air repartition within the rotor of a synchronous reluctant machine (SRM) • optimization of coils/iron/air repartition within the stator of a one phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). In the air/iron case, a filtering technique inspired by ESO [7] is applied: iron which carries few magnetic flux is removed. No filtering was applied in the multi‐material case, but a normalization of the gradient was investigated. As a result, we obtain flux barriers [8] for the optimized SRM rotor, which correspond to industrial designs. However, some convergence issues happened, especially for multi‐material optimization. The gradient normalization helps preventing this phenomenom but leads to surprising asymmetric designs, which need further investigations. It is also necessary to improve the robustness of the method especially for high current density, in order to optimize both the rotor and the stator. Multiphysics considerations will be taken into account in future work.
Graphite* (2021)

The sp2-hybridization of the carbon atoms is the cause for the formation of flat hexagonal layers. The regular parallel stacking of these carbon layers cause the unique electrical and mechanical properties of the perfect graphite crystal. More than this, these properties are of extreme anisotropy. As an example, the coefficient of thermal expansion is negative in the layer plane (−1,5 10–6 K−1) and rather highly positive perpendicular to the stacked layers (18,5 10-6K-1). However, neither natural graphite nor synthetic graphite posses the ideal form of the graphite lattice. Consequences are deviations in their properties, depending on the severity of structural defects. If the severity of lattice defects does not allow a regular parallel stacking sequence of the graphitic layers, the substance is a so called non-graphitic carbon. In some cases, these defects can be repaired by a thermal treatment above 2500 K. In other cases, the carbon material remains non-graphitic, even after such an extreme heat treatment. Responsible is the transition phase through which the carbonaceous precursor passed through during the early carbonization treatment. Graphitic and non-graphitic forms of carbon materials can be distinguished by X-ray diffraction investigations. Logically consistent of this is the broad diversity in crystallinity and morphology, i.e. the wide spectrum of properties and thus applicability of carbon and graphite materials.
Implementation and verification of a new impulse UWB radio system with HF/UHF remote-powering for passive wireless memory tags (2017)

In this paper, we present for the first time a complete impulse UWB radio system implementation for remotely-powered wireless memory tag applications. A narrow-band signal, either 13.56 MHz or 900 MHz, is used for remote-powering, and the communication link is based on impulse UWB communication at 7.9 GHz centre frequency. A fully integrated transceiver optimised for tags has been implemented and used also in the reader/writer device. The air-interface of the remotely-powered transceiver operates up to 112 Mbit/s with ultra-low energy consumption per bit (Tx mode: 87 pJ/bit, Rx mode: 80 pJ/bit). A complete system demonstrator including a remotely-powered 64-Mbit memory tag has been built to test and verify the concept. The results confirm the feasibility of solely remotely-powered wireless memory tags.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERIZATION OF ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS CATALYZED BY VANADIUM OR MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES (1985)

Abstract In Gegenwart der Komplex‐Systeme aus den Verbindungen (I)+(III) bzw. (II)+(III) (im allg.
Evaluation of llama anti-botulinum toxin Heavy chain Antibody (2008)

Lama immunoglobulins consist of conventional antibody (IgG1) and unique forms that lack light chains, called heavy chain antibodies (IgG2 and IgG3). These unusual antibodies possess unique properties ideal for diagnostics and therapeutics. To evaluate the IgG from a llama immunised with botulinum complex toxoids A through F each IgG subclass was tested as capture and recognition ligand in xMAP fluid array immunoassays. The optimal combination, IgG3 capture and IgG2 tracer, detected as low as 64 pg/ml of BoNT/A complex toxoid. Also, heavy chain antibodies were shown to bind BoNT as effectively as conventional IgG1, while possessing much greater thermal stability. [Received 15 October; Accepted 28 December 2007]
MICROSCALE HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AT LOW TEMPERATURES (1997)

This review of heat and mass transfer in biological systems is focused on phenomena occurring at low temperatures at the micro- and nano-scates. The discussed temperature range is divided into temperatures above freezing and temperatures below freezing. At temperatures above freezing, the effects of low temperature relate to changes in the molecular structure of cell membranes, changes in ionic pump function, and chemical reaction kinetics. Below freezing, processes relate to water transport across cell membranes and changes in intracellular composition. The mechanisms through which organisms survive changes induced by low temperatures are also discussed together with biomedical applications of low temperatures in cryopreservation of organs for transplantation and destruction of undesirable tissues by freezing in cryosurgery.
The Regulation of Light Sensing and Light-Harvesting Impacts the Use of Cyanobacteria as Biotechnology Platforms (2014)

Light is harvested in cyanobacteria by chlorophyll-containing photosystems embedded in the thylakoid membranes and phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem-associated light-harvesting antennae. Light absorbed by the PBSs and photosystems can be converted to chemical energy through photosynthesis. Photosynthetically-fixed carbon pools, which are constrained by photosynthetic light capture versus the dissipation of excess light absorbed, determine the available organismal energy budget. The molecular bases of the environmental regulation of photosynthesis, photoprotection and photomorphogenesis are still being elucidated in cyanobacteria. Thus, the potential impacts of these phenomena on the efficacy of developing cyanobacteria as robust biotechnological platforms require additional attention. Current advances and persisting needs for developing cyanobacterial production platforms that are related to light sensing and harvesting include the development of tools to balance the utilization of absorbed photons for conversion to chemical energy and biomass versus light dissipation in photoprotective mechanisms. Such tools can be used to direct energy to more effectively support the production of desired bioproducts from sunlight.
Rapid Screening Method for Detection of Bacteria in Platelet Concentrates (2004)

Public awareness has long focused on the risks of the transmission of viral agents through blood product transfusion. This risk, however, pales in comparison to the less publicized danger associated with the transfusion of blood products contaminated with bacteria, in particular, platelet concentrates. Up to 1,000 cases of clinical sepsis after the transfusion of platelet concentrates are reported annually in the United States. The condition is characterized by acute reaction symptoms and the rapid onset of septicemia and carries a 20 to 40% mortality rate. The urgent need for a method for the routine screening of platelet concentrates to improve patient safety has long been recognized. We describe the development of a rapid and highly sensitive method for screening for bacteria in platelet concentrates for transfusion. No culture period is required; and the entire procedure, from the time of sampling to the time that the final result is obtained, takes less than 90 min. The method involves three basic stages: the selective removal of platelets by filtration following activation with a monoclonal antibody, DNA-specific fluorescent labeling of bacteria, and concentration of the bacteria on a membrane surface for enumeration by solid-phase cytometry. The method offers a universal means of detection of live, nondividing, or dead gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in complex cellular blood products. The sensitivity is higher than those of the culture-based methods available at present, with a detection limit of 10 to 10(2) CFU/ml, depending upon the bacterial strain.
Abstract B10: Rhabdomyosarcoma requires MYC family genomic events to pathogenically subvert core-regulatory circuitry (2020)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood. Despite multimodality therapy and trials of molecularly targeted agents, limited improvements in overall survival have been realized for patients with high-risk disease. Thus, we aimed to determine the landscape of tumor-specific gene dependencies that underlie tumorigenesis in RMS and therefore provide a valuable group of targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Using unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 approaches, we identified a set of RMS-specific tumor dependencies involved in tumor cell growth and survival. RMS dependencies were enriched for nucleic acid binding proteins, including transcription factors (TFs). We then used genome-wide chromatin-immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing analysis to demonstrate that a small number of essential TFs—MYCN, MYOD1, TCF12, SOX8, ZEB2, ZNF217, and SIX1—are members of the transcriptional core regulatory circuitry (CRC) that maintains the malignant cell state of RMS. Both c-MYC and MYCN were associated with gene and enhancer copy number increases in cell lines and primary tumors and represented strong dependencies in the RMS cell lines screened. c-MYC and MYCN function to similarly invade and regulate the CRC in respectively dependent cells. To disable the CRC, we tested A485, an inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferase enzymes involved in the establishment of super-enhancer elements that are associated with high level expression of the CRC factors. A485 caused a reversible and rapid loss of CRC factor and c-MYC and/or MYCN expression, and prolonged treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. This phenotype is rescued by exogenous re-expression of either c-MYC or MYCN in a manner insensitive to A485, indicating a mechanism by which these genes subvert a myogenic CRC to produce an oncogenic fate. This study defines a common set of critical dependency genes in RMS and identifies key genomic events surrounding the c-MYC and MYCN loci that lead to elevated expression and tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Adam D. Durbin, Guillaume Kugener, Mark W. Zimmerman, Chuan Yan, Neekesh V. Dharia, Elizabeth S. Frank, Xiang Chen, Ken N. Ross, Brenton Paolella, Michael Krill-Burger, David E. Root, Jesse S. Boehm, Francisca Vazquez, Andrew L. Hong, Aviad Tsherniak, David M. Langenau, William C. Hahn, Todd R. Golub, Brian J. Abraham, Richard A. Young, A. Thomas Look, Kimberly Stegmaier. Rhabdomyosarcoma requires MYC family genomic events to pathogenically subvert core-regulatory circuitry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B10.
Ligamentous Stabilizers Against Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow (2001)

This study suggests that, when the annular ligament is intact, either the radial collateral ligament or the lateral ulnar collateral ligament can be transected without inducing posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow.
Threshold Behavior for Collision-Induced Dissociation (1977)

A fundamental collisional process at elevated energies is the dissociation of a molecule into two or more fragments via a collision with a third body. This so called collision-induced dissociation (CID) has been observed extensively in ion-molecule reactions (1) and, in more recent years, between neutral species (2-4). CID of the alkali and thallium halides to ion pairs has been studied in this laboratory for the last few years, and the threshold behavior for the process has been determined (4,5). Typical reactions observed are M + CsCl → M + Cs+ + Cl- → CsM+ + Cl- for the monomer and M + Cs2Cl2 → M + Cs2Cl+ + Cl- → M + Cs+ + CsCl-2 for the dimer. The experiments involve accelerating the M species by the seeded jet method, with H2 as the propellant, and crossing the beam of M with a beam of the cesium or
Revisiting the Geometallurgy Roadmap (2019)

It has been nearly seven years since the conclusion of the AMIRA P1110 report - an industry-led geometallurgical roadmap aimed at understanding the challenges and opportunities facing the discipline of geometallurgy. Priorities and issues identified by the project included both cultural and technical issues. Cultural issues included the existence of counterproductive disciplinary silos, a lack of case studies, poor integration of geometallurgy into the business process, geometallurgical training for mining-related students, and the lack of a regulatory framework for reporting. Technical issues included a lack of true project value optimisation, suboptimal data analysis and visualisation tools, the need for improved technologies for sensing, testing and waste rejection, and the need for improved estimation and simulation of geometallurgical parameters. In order to assess progress over the past seven years, a review was carried out of approximately 200 publications spanning both journals and conference publications, in which the publications were assessed based on the range of geometallurgical areas in which they were judged to have contributed. The review shows that significant progress has been made in a number of areas including the development and uptake of new sensing technologies and the publication of a significant number of geometallurgical case studies. Some progress has also been made in the development of new tests, better integration of geometallurgy into business processes, and extension of the benefits of geometallurgy across developments and operations. Areas of concern in which less progress has been made include the continued existence of disciplinary silos, a suitable regulatory framework for geometallurgical data reporting, true project value optimisation, and suitable data analysis and visualisation tools. Whilst this high-level analysis has several limitations, it suggests that important challenges remain in the realisation of project value from geometallurgical information, and provides support for a more rigorous update of the original study, which could include companies, service providers and educational institutions.
Advantages of mapping climatic temperature changes in the ocean with mobile receivers (1999)

An acoustic tomography simulation is carried out in the North Pacific ocean to assess whether climate trends are better detected and mapped with mobile or fixed receivers. Natural variability of the sound-speed field is simulated with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) layered-ocean model. A Kalman filter is used to estimate the sound speed field, where the a priori error covariance matrix of the parameters is estimated from the model. A spatially homogeneous climate trend is added to the NRL fluctuations, but the trend is not parametrized in the Kalman filter because, in reality, the ocean’s variability is poorly known. The effects of the unparametrized climate trend are projected onto parameters which eventually drift beyond acceptable limits, which triggers the trend’s detection. Mobile and fixed receivers detect the trend at the same time, but the maps from the mobile receivers are more accurate because they provide a synthetic aperture which better samples the variability than the fixed receivers [A. L. Fabrikant et al., IEEE Ocean. Eng. 23, 20–25 (1998)]. This simulation is one of several which motivates a program designed to show that U.S. submarines are useful for collecting tomographic signals for scientific study. [Work supported by ONR.]
Improved Naïve Bayesian Modeling of Numerical Data for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) Property Prediction (2006)

We have implemented a naïve Bayesian classifier which models continuous numerical data using a Gaussian distribution. Several cases of interest in the area of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion prediction are presented which demonstrate that this approach is superior to the implementation of naïve Bayesian classifiers in which continuous chemical descriptors are modeled as binary data. We demonstrate that this enhanced performance, upon comparison with other implementations, is independent of the descriptor sets chosen. We also compare the performance of three implementations of naïve Bayesian classifiers with other previously described models.
Continuous Wellbore Surveying While Drilling Utilizing MEMS Gyroscopes Based on Kalman Filtering (2010)

Abstract The current method to compute the wellbore while drilling is based on stationary surveys at the desired station. This is done by measuring the inclination and the azimuth of the borehole between the current and the previously surveyed stations. Using a mathematical model based on assumptions of the shape of the drilled section, the coordinates of the borehole can be derived. This current method neglects the actual trajectory between the two surveying stations. Exploration and production companies demand cost effective drilling operations. Thus, demand has been rising for a continuous survey that captures the actual trajectory between the stationary surveying stations. This provides an actual estimate of the curvature "dogleg" along the well trajectory. In addition, this allows a better estimation of the casing and cementing of the borehole. Therefore, in this development the wellbore trajectory between the two surveying stations is continuously surveyed using three accelerometers and three MEMS gyroscopes. The computation algorithm is based on strap down Inertial Navigation System mechanization and Kalman filtering. The inputs to the continuous drilling survey system are the accelerometers and gyroscopes measurements, while the outputs are position, tool face, inclination and azimuth of the drill bit. This wellbore survey system will exhibit an unlimited growth of position, and azimuth errors if there are no external observations to update the surveying system. Two external update schemes can limit this error growth while drilling. The first is based on the continuous source of drilled pipe length measurements while the second is the zero velocity update. The Kalman filter continuous surveying system was successfully applied to drilling tests. External updates of the drill pipe length were utilized to reduce measurement error drift. When the drilling process was stopped to connect new drill pipe stands, zero velocity updates were employed by the Kalman filter.
Hybrid type glycolipids (lacto-ganglio series) with a novel branched structure. Their presence in undifferentiated murine leukemia cells and their dependence on differentiation. (1984)

The structures of these glycolipids are hybrids of the lacto and ganglio series, which are characterized by the presence of GlcNAc beta 1----3 and GalNAc beta 1----4 linked to the Gal residue of Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer. This new hybrid series can be designated as "lacto-ganglio series." These glycolipids are present in undifferentiated murine leukemia cells. Their concentration declines with differentiation and they are virtually absent in differentiated M1+ cells, suggesting that lacto-ganglio structures could be markers of undifferentiated, malignant myeloid cells.
InAs Quantum Dots on Nanopatterned GaAs (001) Surface: The Growth, Optical Properties, and Device Implementation (2010)

This work reviews the growth, optical properties, and device implementation of InAs semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) selectively nucleated atop nano-faceted GaAs pyramidal structures grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. This site-controlled QD growth technique offers unique features and benefits subsequent device applications. First, GaAs pyramids, formed on a SiO2-masked and nanopatterned (001) GaAs substrate, are characterized by well-defined equilibrium crystal shapes (ECS). The controlled ECS formation is crucial to subsequent patterned QD (PQD) nucleation, which is highly preferential toward {11n} planes due to superior QD energy minimization. Second, PQD optical properties are thoroughly studied by monitoring room temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) and power-dependent low-temperature PL to verify the crystalline quality and the three-dimensional quantum confinement. The PQD ensembles formed on different GaAs pyramids, with different PL behavior, indicate lateral coupling within QD clusters and characteristics of isolated QD pairs. Then, PQDs embedded in a InGaAs quantum well, the so-called dot-in-the-well (DWELL) structure, are compared to a self-assembled QD (SAQD) DWELL structure, and shown to have a better emission efficiency, due to the distributed QW thickness profile on the faceted GaAs pyramid. Finally, broad-area light emitting diodes based on the PQD active region are fabricated. Linear current-voltage characteristics are observed with sharp turn-on, low leakage current and low forward resistance. Electroluminescence spectra show PQD intraband structure and low quenching of emission from 77 K to room temperature. Light-current measurements demonstrate external quantum efficiency per PQD comparable to SAQDs, despite the two regrowth steps in the fabrication processes.
A study of the ‐NLMS algorithm with application to stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (2000)

In stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC), one of the fundamental problems lies in the misalignment in the filter coefficients due to the two strongly correlated channel inputs. In this paper, we study the effect of the normalization factor, ϵ, upon the convergence properties of the two-channel normalized least-mean-square (ϵ-NLMS) algorithm, through analysis and simulation studies with real speech datasets. We then show that the optimal choice for ϵ may be close to the variance of the channel-input data. Finally, a subband stereo echo canceller structure which uses a combination of the two-channel ϵ-NLMS and the fast least-squares (FLS) algorithms is proposed as a practical and promising solution to SAEC. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.