gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Highly Water-Soluble Derivative of Amphotericin B with Attenuated Proinflammatory Activity (2009)

Amphotericin B (AmB), a well-known polyene antifungal agent, displays a marked tendency to self-associate and, as a consequence, exhibits very poor solubility in water. The therapeutic index of AmB is low and is associated with significant dose-related nephrotoxicity, as well as acute, infusion-related febrile reactions. Reports in the literature indicate that the toxicity of AmB may be related to the physical state of the drug. Reaction of AmB in dimethylformamide with bis(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide yielded an unexpected N-alkylguanidine/N-acylurea bis-adduct of AmB which was highly water-soluble. The absorption spectrum of the AmB derivative in water indicated excellent monomerization, and the antifungal activities of reference AmB and its water-soluble derivative against Candida albicans were found to be virtually identical. Furthermore, the water-soluble adduct is significantly less active in engaging TLR4, which would suggest that the adduct may be less proinflammatory.
Design and implementation of automatic control for a condensation-induced depressurization system (2018)

This study develops a control system to automate the operation of a condensation-induced depressurization technology, which is used to achieve sub-atmospheric pressure in an open-flow system on ground. The continuous depressurization is maintained via an integrated series of chambers inside which vacuum is regenerated by condensing and refilling of saturated steam. The low pressure generated inside the chambers is then used to alternatively extract the air out of a flow system for maintaining its sub-atmospheric pressure. The thermodynamic cycle in such a vacuum chamber consists of three sub-processes: air purging to ambient by steam refilling, depressurization by steam condensation, and air-extraction from a flow application. As one chamber undergoing these consecutive processes, another chamber operates in a coordinated different phase to seamlessly maintain a continuous air-extraction operation. This new system provides a quiet and efficient way of using low-grade energy to generate hypobaric environment for needed applications. A cascade arrangement of a proposed multiple-chamber operation is also illustrated. A control system is designed and implemented to realize the automatic and coordinated operation in a dual-chamber, laboratory-scaled system. Exemplified results on process characteristics such as chamber depressurization and air purging are also provided.
Sampling of spatial information in central and peripheral vision (1985)

Human observers can bisect a space with an accuracy which far exceeds the retinal grain. How spatial information is sampled to provide such hyperacuity thresholds has been of interest since Hering’s (1899) proposal that local signs are averaged along the length of the lines. We investigated this question in central and peripheral vision of human observers by measuring bisection thresholds for stimuli comprised of discrete samples, each ~1′ long. The number of samples and the intersample spacing were systematically varied. The results show that (1) the critical variable is not the total length of the pattern (i.e., length of the samples plus interspaces) but rather the number of samples; (2) central and peripheral vision differ qualitatively in their sampling characteristics. In central vision, only a small number of samples (5) are needed to provide optimum performance; increasing the number of samples from 1 to 5 results in only a slight improvement in bisection thresholds. The periphery, on the other hand, requires more samples for optimal performance, and thresholds improve in proportion to the square root of the number of samples. The data of strabismic amblyopes show the same <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> behavior as the normal periphery. The results suggest that in strabismic amblyopia, and in the normal periphery, spatial information is undersampled.
Reduction of the induction field on overhead transmission lines caused by MF broadcast wave (2003)

The induction field caused by MF broadcast waves can occasionally be a safety concern during maintenance and inspection work on transmission lines. In this paper, we examine a coil grounding and we put forward a method of selecting ground points (steel towers) with the aim of reducing the induction field and thereby ensuring better safety. The frequency characteristics of the field strength is obtained by numerical calculation. In addition, the effectiveness of the grounding methods is confirmed by showing the measurement result and the calculation result of the field strength in the vicinity of the bottom conductor.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies onN′-Aryl Carbohydrazide P2X7Antagonists (2008)

N'-aryl acyl hydrazides were identified as P2X7 receptor antagonists. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies evaluated functional activity by monitoring calcium flux inhibition in cell lines expressing recombinant human and rat P2X7 receptors. Selected analogs were assayed in vitro for their capacity to inhibit release of cytokine IL-1beta. Compounds with potent antagonist function were evaluated in vivo using the zymosan-induced peritonitis model. A representative compound effectively attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
MAPS: the micro action potential scanner (2003)

A new high-resolution neural probe, the micro action potential scanner (MAPS), is proposed. The MAPS is designed for simultaneous recording from many cells in a single neural network, a challenging task using conventional neural probes. Conjectures are made about the MAPS' potential to record from more single cells from a smaller area than microelectrode arrays due to the MAPS' higher spatial resolution. The MAPS gains its high resolution by its ability to scan an area of neural tissue. Scanning is made possible by the novel use of a p-n junction.
The Phase Behavior of Multicomponent Self-Assembled Monolayers Directs the Nanoscale Texturing of Si(100) by Wet Etching (2001)

We demonstrate a novel soft-lithography-based methodology for generating nanoscale structures on Si(100) substrates via wet chemical etching. The feature generation apparently results from the phase dynamics of a multicomponent resist ink which phase separates on the Si surface. The monolayers formed from inks comprised of different mole fractions of docosyltrichlorosilane and octyltrichlorosilane contact printing are annealed in air and then placed into KOH etching solutions to generate dense textures of nanoscale features. We examine the resulting etch structures via atomic force microscopy and find that the different mole fractions of the model inks used here influence the nanoscale textures of the structures obtained. The photoluminescence of the etched samples was examined, both for the samples obtained from the etching and following a subsequent treatment in a buffered HF solution.
PB.50: Axillary lymph node ultrasound in breast cancer patients: what minimum threshold for diffuse cortical thickening predicts nodal involvement? (2013)

Introduction: Previous research in this centre enabled the introduction of a local protocol of nonbiopsy and discharge of women <30 years old with presumed fibroadenomas (FAs). Four years on, we have audited protocol accuracy, effect on biopsy workload, safety and its potential for influencing UK and European practice. Methods: Women aged <30 attending the breast unit between 1 February 2009 and 31 January 2013 were retrospectively identified. Clinical and imaging results were scored following national guidelines locally adapted to incorporate a nonbiopsy protocol such that presumed FAs scored E2/U2 meeting specific protocol criteria were discharged without core biopsy. In addition, a survey assessing European practice was completed by 31 centres. Results: A total of 1,571 women age <30 were referred to the breast unit. Seven cancers were diagnosed, all aged 25 to 29. In total, 266 presumed FAs E2/U2, meeting nonbiopsy criteria were discharged without biopsy, 84 were aged 25 to 29. Fourteen re-attended with increase in size, none biopsied but five excised due to patient choice. Sixty-six E2/U2, probable FAs were biopsied due to noncompliance with the protocol. Of these, 54 were FAs, seven phyllodes tumours, and one cancer. The protocol resulted in a 78% reduction in biopsy workload in women aged 20 and a 72% reduction in women aged 25 to 29. No cancers developed in discharged patients, mean follow up 2.4 years. European survey results demonstrate 29% of respondents routinely sample FAs in women age 20, 55% in women age 25. Seventy-nine per cent of non-UK respondents follow-up FAs regardless of patient age. Conclusion: With rigorous adherence, our nonbiopsy protocol for presumed FAs in women age <30 appears safe and reduces biopsy/followup workload.
Structure and Properties of Deforming Polymers (2014)

No AccessPolymer RheologyNov 2014Structure and Properties of Deforming PolymersTim Osswald, Natalie RudolphTim OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Natalie RudolphSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905234.002SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2014Pages: 25-58Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-517-3eISBN: 978-1-56990-523-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2015 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
1.2 V operation power heterojunction FET's for digital cellular applications (1998)

This paper describes 950 MHz power performance of 1.2 V drain bias operation n-AlGaAs/InGaAs/n-AlGaAs heterojunction FET's (HJFET) for personal digital cellular (PDC) applications. The fabricated HJFET with a 0.8-/spl mu/m long WSi gate exhibited an on-resistance (/spl tau//sub 0n/) of 2.1/spl Omega//spl middot/mm and a maximum drain current of 640 mA/mm. Operated at 1.2 V drain bias voltage, the HJFET with gate width of 28.0 mm demonstrated an output power of 30.0 dBm (1.0 W) and a power-added efficiency of 51.5% with an adjacent channel leakage power at 50 kHz off-center frequency of -50.8 dBc. Class A operation analysis, which shows a good coincidence with the measured PDC power performance, revealed that the excellent power performance with the relatively small gate width was due to the low /spl tau//sub 0n/ of the fabricated HJFET.
Molecular Rectification in Metal−SAM−Metal Oxide−Metal Junctions (2009)

This Article compares the ability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates with ferrocene (Fc) head groups (SC(11)Fc), and SAMs of alkanethiolates lacking the Fc moiety (SC(10)CH(3) and SC(14)CH(3)), to conduct charge. Ultraflat surfaces of template-stripped silver (Ag(TS)) supported these SAMs, and a eutectic alloy of gallium and indium (EGaIn), covered with a skin of gallium oxide (presumably Ga(2)O(3)), formed electrical top-contacts with them. EGaIn is a liquid at room temperature, but its spontaneously formed surface oxide skin gives it apparent non-Newtonian properties and allows it to be molded into conically shaped tips; these tips formed soft electrical contacts with SAMs and formed stable SAM-based tunneling junctions in high (70-90%) yields. Measurements of current density, J, versus applied voltage, V, showed that tunneling junctions composed of SAMs of SC(11)Fc rectify current with a rectification ratio R approximately 1.0 x 10(2) (R = |J(-V)|/|J(V)| at +/-1 V and with a log-standard deviation of 3.0). In contrast, junctions lacking the Fc moiety, that is, junctions composed of SAMs of SC(n-1)CH(3) (with n = 11 or 15 and presenting terminal CH(3) groups), showed only slight rectification (R = 1.5 (1.4) and 2.1 (2.5), respectively). A statistical analysis of large numbers (N = 300-1000) of data gave detailed information about the spread in values and the statistical significance of the rectification ratios and demonstrated the ability of the experimental techniques described here to generate SAM-based junctions in high yield useful in physical-organic studies.
In Vivo Potentialities of EWS‐Fli‐1 Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotides‐Nanospheres Complexes (2005)

The EWS/FLI-1 fusion gene, resulting from a t(11;22) translocation, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Ewing sarcoma. Previously, we have shown that antisense oligonucleotides designed against EWS-Fli-1 inhibited tumor growth in nude mice provided they were delivered intratumorally by nanocapsules or by CTAB-coated nanospheres. In this study, we have used two types of nanospheres (designated as type 1 and type 2 nanospheres) stabilized with chitosan for both intratumoral and systemic administration of oligonucleotides. Inhibition of the tumor growth in vivo was found to be dependent on the carrier type as well as on antisense oligonucleotide modification. Indeed, whereas both types of nanospheres were efficient in reducing tumor growth after intratumoral injection, we have obtained only with type 2 nanospheres an antitumoral effect after intravenous injection in a preliminary experiment. Additionally, the anticancer efficacy of a localized modification of the EWS-Fli-1 phosphodiester/phosphorothioate chimeric antisense oligonucleotide was demonstrated. In cell culture the oligonucleotides inhibit cell growth by their antisense activity. Further investigations are needed in vivo to learn the mechanism of action of the complexes.
Chip-scale High-speed Fourier-transform Spectrometer Based on a Combination of a Michelson and a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (2006)

We report on a cascade combination of a micromachined Michelson interferometer and Fabry-Perot interferometer for compact and high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometry. The micromirror in the Michelson interferometer is driven near its resonance frequency for large optical path length modulation and high-speed interferogram measurements. A simple bulk micromachining process is used to fabricate all optical components on a silicon optical bench platform.
Post-hoc analysis from phase III trials of human papillomavirus vaccines: considerations on impact on non-vaccine types (2019)

Heterogenous overall efficacy against CIN3 between AS04-HPV and qHPV is driven by differential efficacy against lesions that do not contain vaccine types, which may be related to the impact of different adjuvants on the immune response.
Lentiviral Vector Gene Transfer of Endostatin/Angiostatin for Macular Degeneration (GEM) Study (2016)

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) is a prevalent cause of vision loss. Intraocular injections of VEGF-neutralizing proteins provide benefit, but many patients require frequent injections for a prolonged period. Benefits are often lost over time due to lapses in treatment. New treatments that sustain anti-angiogenic activity are needed. This study tested the safety and expression profile of a lentiviral Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) vector expressing endostatin and angiostatin (RetinoStat<sup>®</sup>). Patients with advanced NVAMD were enrolled at three centers in the United States, and the study eye received a subretinal injection of 2.4 × 10<sup>4</sup> (n = 3), 2.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> (n = 3), or 8.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> transduction units (TU; n = 15). Each of the doses was well-tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities. There was little or no ocular inflammation. There was one procedure-related serious adverse event (AE), a macular hole, which was managed without difficulty and resolved. There was a vector dose-related increase in aqueous humor levels of endostatin and angiostatin with high reproducibility among subjects within cohorts. Mean levels of endostatin and angiostatin peaked between 12 and 24 weeks after injection of 2.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> TU or 8.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> TU at 57-81 ng/mL for endostatin and 15-27 ng/mL for angiostatin, and remained stable through the last measurement at week 48. Long-term follow-up demonstrated expression was maintained at last measurement (2.5 years in eight subjects and >4 years in two subjects). Despite an apparent reduction in fluorescein angiographic leakage that broadly correlated with the expression levels in the majority of patients, only one subject showed convincing evidence of anti-permeability activity in these late-stage patients. There was no significant change in mean lesion size in subjects injected with 8.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> TU. These data demonstrate that EIAV vectors provide a safe platform with robust and sustained transgene expression for ocular gene therapy.
Electric Field Grading Material Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (2017)

Silicone rubber filled with low amounts of thermallyreduced graphene oxide exhibit non-linear conductivitywith exposed to increased electric fields. Such materialcan be interesting as electric field grading material inHVDC cable accessories. In this study graphene oxidewas thermally reduced (rGO) at 120 and 180 °C during12 hours in a hot air oven. The reduction was confirmedby TGA and FTIR. 3 wt.% rGO was then dispersed in asilicone rubber matrix and homogenous dispersion wasdemonstrated by the scanning electron microscopy. TherGO-filled silicone rubber (120 and 180 °C reduced)exhibited a non-linear resistivity when exposed to anincreasing electric (DC) field. The conductivitydecreased from 10^14 to 10^11 Ohm m when the electricfield increasing from 0.2 to 6 kV/mm. The onset of thenon-linear conduction occurred in the range of 1 – 2kV/mm. The long-term stability of the conductivity ofthe silicone rubber composite was tested. After 47 daysageing at 120 °C, therGO/silicone rubber compositeexhibited a slight increase in the onset of non-linearconduction, as well as a minor increase in resistivity.
Modulating motility of intracellular vesicles in cortical neurons with nanomagnetic forces on-chip (2017)

Vesicle transport is a major underlying mechanism of cell communication. Inhibiting vesicle transport in brain cells results in blockage of neuronal signals, even in intact neuronal networks. Modulating intracellular vesicle transport can have a huge impact on the development of new neurotherapeutic concepts, but only if we can specifically interfere with intracellular transport patterns. Here, we propose to modulate motion of intracellular lipid vesicles in rat cortical neurons based on exogenously bioconjugated and cell internalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) within microengineered magnetic gradients on-chip. Upon application of 6-126 pN on intracellular vesicles in neuronal cells, we explored how the magnetic force stimulus impacts the motion pattern of vesicles at various intracellular locations without modulating the entire cell morphology. Altering vesicle dynamics was quantified using, mean square displacement, a caging diameter and the total traveled distance. We observed a de-acceleration of intercellular vesicle motility, while applying nanomagnetic forces to cultured neurons with SPIONs, which can be explained by a decrease in motility due to opposing magnetic force direction. Ultimately, using nanomagnetic forces inside neurons may permit us to stop the mis-sorting of intracellular organelles, proteins and cell signals, which have been associated with cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, nanomagnetic force applications will allow us to wirelessly guide axons and dendrites by exogenously using permanent magnetic field gradients.
A Facile, KF/Al2O3 Mediated Method for the Preparation of Functionalized Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐ones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acemetacin polymorphs: a rare case of carboxylic acid catemer and dimer synthons (2012)

Acemetacin is the first example of an API polymorph with a carboxylic acid catemer and dimer O–H⋯O synthons. The auxiliary stabilization to the catemer motif from stronger C–H⋯O and C–Cl⋯O interactions compared to those in the dimer structure is discussed for a polymorph pair. The crystal structure of the stable dimer polymorph was solved by structure determination from powder X-ray diffraction data (SDPD).
Isolation and Characterization of New Tetrahydropyranyl Substituted Sesquiterpene and Myrmekiodermin Glycolipid Ether Isolated from the Marine Sponge Myrmekioderma (2005)

Article Isolation and Characterization of New Tetrahydropyranyl Substituted Sesquiterpene and Myrmekiodermin Glycolipid Ether Isolated from the Marine Sponge Myrmekioderma was published on August 1, 2005 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 11, issue 3-4).
Adaptive Mitochondrial Reprogramming and Resistance to PI3K Therapy (2015)

Small-molecule PI3K antagonists promote drug resistance by repurposing mitochondrial functions in bioenergetics and cell survival. Novel combination therapies that target mitochondrial adaptation can dramatically improve on the efficacy of PI3K therapy in the clinic.
Nonlinear control design for a semi-active vibration reduction system (2011)

This paper considers the control design for a vibration reduction system using semi-active actuators to improve the ride quality. The main challenge comes from the nonlinear dynamics, limited control authority, and lack of performance-oriented nonlinear control design results. Two nonlinear controllers are proposed and compared to a conventional semi-active control. Simulation shows the proposed controls provide a good balance of 2- and ∞-norm metrics.
Parametric macromodeling of time domain responses (2008)

This paper shows that accurate parametric macromodels can be computed from transient port responses which are varied by one or more design variables. The poles of the parametric macromodel are guaranteed to be stable by construction, and passivity can be enforced as a post-processing step. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudo‐Prolines in Peptides Synthesis: Direct Insertion of Serine and Threonine Derived Oxazolidines in Dipeptides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Physical and numerical constraints in source modeling for finite difference simulation of room acoustics (2014)

In finite difference time domain simulation of room acoustics, source functions are subject to various constraints. These depend on the way sources are injected into the grid and on the chosen parameters of the numerical scheme being used. This paper addresses the issue of selecting and designing sources for finite difference simulation, by first reviewing associated aims and constraints, and evaluating existing source models against these criteria. The process of exciting a model is generalized by introducing a system of three cascaded filters, respectively, characterizing the driving pulse, the source mechanics, and the injection of the resulting source function into the grid. It is shown that hard, soft, and transparent sources can be seen as special cases within this unified approach. Starting from the mechanics of a small pulsating sphere, a parametric source model is formulated by specifying suitable filters. This physically constrained source model is numerically consistent, does not scatter incoming waves, and is free from zero- and low-frequency artifacts. Simulation results are employed for comparison with existing source formulations in terms of meeting the spectral and temporal requirements on the outward propagating wave.