gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diamond FET using high-quality polycrystalline diamond with f/sub T/ of 45 GHz and f/sub max/ of 120 GHz (2006)

Using high-quality polycrystalline chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films with large grains (/spl sim/100 μm), field effect transistors (FETs) with gate lengths of 0.1 μm were fabricated. From the RF characteristics, the maximum transition frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and the maximum frequency of oscillation f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> were /spl sim/ 45 and /spl sim/ 120 GHz, respectively. The f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> values are much higher than the highest values for single-crystalline diamond FETs. The dc characteristics of the FET showed a drain-current density I/sub DS/ of 550 mA/mm at gate-source voltage V/sub GS/ of -3.5 V and a maximum transconductance g/sub m/ of 143 mS/mm at drain voltage V/sub DS/ of -8 V. These results indicate that the high-quality polycrystalline diamond film, whose maximum size is 4 in at present, is a most promising substrate for diamond electronic devices.
Role of ion hydration in the charge regulation at the surface of porous silica gel (1997)

By using potentiometric titration of a precisely characterised porous silica gel sample in solutions of different electrolytes, an attempt has been made to detect a possible manifestation of the spatial inhomogeneity caused by electrostatic saturation in the hydration potential of ions in the vicinity of a charged interface. Experimentally, an appreciable difference between the titration curves for different background electrolytes is observed. To determine whether this can be attributed to the difference in the hydration potentials of different ions and to obtain a theoretical estimate of the magnitude of the effect expected, the titration curves were simulated using a charge-regulation model based on the non-linear Poisson–Boltzmann equation with dielectric saturation being either neglected or allowed for. The distributions of surface charge density and surface potential over pore sizes for different pH and ion strengths have been calculated. It has been found that, although ‘switching on’ the dielectric saturation results in a noticeable reduction in the equilibrium surface charge density, the summed effect is hardly observable by potentiometric titration because of a concomitant increase in the amount of ion pairs. This suggests that the difference in titration curves may be attributed to a difference in the intrinsic association constants, characteristic of individual ion pairs.
Computer RNA Three-Dimensional Modeling from Low-Resolution Data and Multiple-Sequence Information (1997)

The problem of modeling three-dimensional structures of ribonucleic acids is expressed in terms of the constraint satisfaction problem. Three-dimensional structures are represented by constraint graphs, where vertices represent nucleotides and edges represent structural constraints. A formalism to help rationalize a series of modeling experiments in the context of low resolution and multiple-sequence data was developed. From secondary structure and low resolution data, several structural hypotheses corresponding to different constraint graphs can be derived. In presence of several structurally related sequences, the application of three-dimensional modeling to each sequence and hypotheses produces a sequence-structure relation that can be analyzed using fuzzy set theory, given the imprecision and uncertainty involved in the modeling process.
Supplementary Figures from Antibody-Based Profiling of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway in Clinical Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures from Antibody-Based Profiling of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway in Clinical Prostate Cancer
SMOS: The Challenging Sea Surface Salinity Measurement From Space (2009)

Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, European Space Agency, is the first satellite mission addressing the challenge of measuring sea surface salinity from space. It uses an L-band microwave interferometric radiometer with aperture synthesis (MIRAS) that generates brightness temperature images, from which both geophysical variables are computed. The retrieval of salinity requires very demanding performances of the instrument in terms of calibration and stability. This paper highlights the importance of ocean salinity for the Earth's water cycle and climate; provides a detailed description of the MIRAS instrument, its principles of operation, calibration, and image-reconstruction techniques; and presents the algorithmic approach implemented for the retrieval of salinity from MIRAS observations, as well as the expected accuracy of the obtained results.
Dealing with inductance in high-speed chip design (2003)

Inductance effects in on-chip interconnects have become significant for specific cases such as clock distributions and other highly optimized networks. Designers and CAD tool developers are searching for ways to deal with these effects. Unfortunately, accurate on-chip inductance extraction and simulation in the general case are much more difficult than capacitance extraction. In addition, even if ideal extraction tools existed, most chip designers have little experience designing with lossy transmission lines. This tutorial will attempt to demystify on-chip inductance through the discussion of several illustrative on-chip examples analyzed using full-wave extraction and simulation methods. A specialized PEEC (partial element equivalent circuit) method tailored for chip applications was used for most cases. Effects such as overshoot, reflections, frequency dependent effective resistance and inductance will be illustrated using animated visualizations of our full-wave simulations. Simple examples of design techniques to avoid, mitigate, and even take advantage of on-chip inductance effects will be described.
Efficient framing and ARQ for high-speed PLC systems (2005)

In powerline communications (PLC) more so than in many other media, there is a strong interaction between the medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical (PHY) layer. This paper investigates one of the manifestations of this interaction, that of MAC framing and error recovery with PHY transmission characteristics. MAC framing for high-speed PLC systems should be capable of concatenating multiple MAC service data units (MSDUs, e.g., Ethernet or IP packets) in order to amortize the high and fixed overheads associated with each MAC protocol data unit (MPDU). By itself, this is easy. However, transmission errors may damage portions of an MPDU, which can further rob a system of efficiency. This paper presents a 2-level MAC framing mechanism that enables efficient retransmission of corrupted data. Both analytical and simulation results are used to compare the performance of the proposed MAC framing scheme with other existing viable approaches. The results show that the proposed scheme is significantly superior to existing approaches. A slightly modified version of this 2-level framing mechanism provided in this paper was used in the new generation 200 Mbps class homeplug standard, homeplug A V.
Sequence specific inhibition of human type II phospholipase A2, enzyme activity by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (1994)

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were identified which directly inhibited human type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity in a sequence specific manner. The minimum pharmacophore common to all oligonucleotides which inhibited PLA2 enzyme activity consisted of two sets of three or more consecutive guanosine residues in a row. These oligonucleotides appear to form G quartets resulting in the formation of oligonucleotide aggregates. Additionally, a phosphorothioate backbone was required to be effective inhibitors of type II PLA2. The activity of one oligodeoxynucleotide, IP 3196 (5'-GGGTGGGTATAGAAGGGCTCC-3') has been characterized in more detail. IP 3196 inhibited PLA2 enzyme activity when the substrate was presented in the form of a phospholipid bilayer but not when presented in the form of a mixed micelle with anionic detergents. Human type II PLA2 was 50-fold more sensitive to inhibition by IP 3196 than venom and pancreatic type I enzymes. These data demonstrate that phosphorothioate oligonucleotides can specifically inhibit human type II PLA2 enzyme activity in a sequence specific manner.
Rational design of a new C-myristylamido peptide exerting potent and selective PKC inhibitory activity. (1996)

A 3D model of the catalytic domain of PKC was built based on the X-ray structure of the homologous PKA enzyme. The two enzymes were found to have similar general architecture although differing for the number of negatively charged clusters and their location near the phosphorylation site. These differences were consistent with the charge requirements deduced from the consensus sequence of PKC and PKA substrates. A Myristyl Binding Site (MBS) was found in the PKC model between helix C and sheets 8 and 9. The identification of this MBS allowed the rationalization of the results obtained with N-myristoylated peptide inhibitors and, above all, the design of ITF1671 (H-RFARKGALRQKN-CONH-Myr), a new C-myristylamido peptide, which exerted one of the most potent inhibitory activity against PKC and PKM known to-date.
Live Cell Imaging of Yeast (2011)

The development of cloning vectors for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the simplicity of yeast reverse genetics allow straightforward labeling of yeast proteins in living cells. Budding and fission yeast are therefore attractive organisms in which to study dynamic cellular processes such as growth, cell division, and morphogenesis using live cell fluorescence microscopy. This article focuses on methods to culture, mount, and observe budding yeast cells using three-dimensional (3D) microscopy, but the methods are broadly applicable to other types of cells and other imaging techniques. The emphasis is on 3D imaging, because yeast cells are roughly spherical, and most organelles in yeast move in three dimensions. Three-dimensional imaging also makes it possible to apply image restoration methods (e.g., deconvolution) to obtain sharper images with better definition. This is important, because yeast cells are small (haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells have a diameter of ~4-5 µm) relative to the resolution of even the best optical microscope (~0.25 µm).
Thermal Quenching of F-centre Luminescence in Al2O3:C (1999)

Measurements of time-resolved photoluminescence reveal an F centre luminescence lifetime of 35 ms in Al&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;:C at room temperature, decreasing to less than 2 ms over the temperature range from 370 to 500 K. The decrease in the lifetime follows a classical Mott-Seitz dependence for thermal quenching of luminescence, with an activation energy W of (1.08 � 0.03 eV and a frequency factor v of (1014 s-1. Similar values for the energy and frequency factor were also obtained from an analysis of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves. The parameters obtained were independent of the glow curve shape, the degree of trap filling, and the specific conditions under which the crystals were grown. It is concluded that the heating rate dependence of the TL from Al&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;:C is a result of thermal quenching of the F centre emission.
Novel conductive polymer micro-spring contact array for large area woven electronic textile (2011)

This work reports three innovations in flexible device technology; the use of micro-spring array as the electrical contact components in e-textile, the novel spring cantilever releasing method using air injection and the results of patternable CYTOP and organic conductive polymer using nanoimprinting method. Microspring contact array is realized to compose the electrical circuit through the large area woven textile. The contact resistance of 480 Ω is hold on for over 500 times.
In situ decellularization of a large animal saccular aneurysm model: sustained inflammation and active aneurysm wall remodeling (2020)

In situ decellularization of a large animal model of saccular aneurysms reproduces features of unstable aneurysms, such as chronic inflammation (up to 12 weeks) and active aneurysm wall remodeling, leading to continued growth over 8 weeks.
Basin scale rock mechanics: Logs and core measurements (1994)

Abstract The Northern Adriatic basin contains a great number of developed fields at depth ranging between 1000 and 4000 meters, and a comprehensive geophysical, petrophysical and mechanical characterization of these weakly consolidated formations was carried out. For 15 wells cored in the pay zones, a systematic campaign of core measurements was undertaken and comparison between logs and cores made. Typical log programmes contained porosity, gamma ray, resistivity and sonic, including full waveforms and dipole. In the laboratory typical core measurements consisted of density, porosity, permeability, residual oil saturation, formation resistivity factor, granulometry, clay content, ultrasonic velocity measurements along with triaxial and oedometric tests. Empirical correlations and statistical analysis of this entire database at the scale of a geological unit is presented.
One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails (2014)

We present a new classification for the genus <i>Conus sensu lato</i> (family Conidae), based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of 329 species. This classification departs from both the traditional classification in only one genus and from a recently proposed shell- and radula-based classification scheme that separates members of this group into five families and 115 genera. Roughly 140 genus-group names are available for Recent cone snails. We propose to place all cone snails within a single family (Conidae) containing four genera-<i>Conus</i>, <i>Conasprella</i>, <i>Profundiconus</i> and <i>Californiconus</i> (with <i>Conus</i> alone encompassing about 85% of known species)-based on the clear separation of cone snails into four distinct and well-supported groups/lineages in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Within <i>Conus</i> and <i>Conasprella</i>, we recognize 57 and 11 subgenera, respectively, that represent well-supported subgroupings within these genera, which we interpret as evidence of intrageneric distinctiveness. We allocate the 803 Recent species of Conidae listed as valid in the World Register of Marine Species into these four genera and 71 subgenera, with an estimate of the confidence for placement of species in these taxonomic categories based on whether molecular or radula and/or shell data were used in these determinations. Our proposed classification effectively departs from previous schemes by (1) limiting the number of accepted genera, (2) retaining the majority of species within the genus <i>Conus</i> and (3) assigning members of these genera to species groups/subgenera to enable the effective communication of these groups, all of which we hope will encourage acceptance of this scheme.
2-output Spin Wave Programmable Logic Gate (2021)

This paper presents a 2-output Spin-Wave Programmable Logic Gate structure able to simultaneously evaluate any pair of AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR Boolean functions. Our proposal provides the means for fanout achievement within the Spin Wave computation domain and energy and area savings as two different functions can be simultaneously evaluated on the same input data. We validate our proposal by means of Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations and demonstrate that by phase and magnetization threshold output sensing \{AND, OR, NAND, NOR\} and \{XOR and XNOR\} functionalities can be achieved, respectively. To get inside into the potential practical implications of our approach we use the proposed gate to implement a 3-input Majority gate, which we evaluate and compare with state of the art equivalent implementations in terms of area, delay, and energy consumptions. Our estimations indicate that the proposed gate provides 33% and 16% energy and area reduction, respectively, when compared with spin-wave counterpart and 42% energy reduction while consuming 12x less area when compared to a 15 nm CMOS implementation.
Noise suppression in surface microseismic data (2012)

We introduce a passive noise suppression technique, based on the τ − p transform. In the τ − p domain, one can separate microseismic events from surface noise based on distinct characteristics that are not visible in the time-offset domain. By applying the inverse τ − p transform to the separated microseismic event, we suppress the surface noise in the data. Our technique significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratios of the microseismic events and is superior to existing techniques for passive noise suppression in the sense that it preserves the waveform.
Transfer Printing of AlGaInAs/InP Etched Facet Lasers to Si Substrates (2016)

InP-etched facet ridge lasers emitting in the optical C-band are heterogeneously integrated on Si substrates by microtransfer printing for the first time. <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rm{500\,\mu m\,\times \,60\,\mu m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> laser coupons are fabricated with a highly dense pitch on the native InP substrate. The laser epitaxial structure contains a 1-μm-thick InGaAs sacrificial layer. A resist anchoring system is used to restrain the devices while they are released by selectively etching the InGaAs layer with FeCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O (1:2) at 8 °C. Efficient thermal sinking is achieved by evaporating Ti–Au on the Si target substrate and annealing the printed devices at 300 °C. This integration strategy is particularly relevant for lasers being butt coupled to polymer or silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides.
On the Synergism Between H2O and a Tetrahydropyran Template in the Regioselective Cyclization of an Epoxy Alcohol (2009)

A regioselective epoxy alcohol cyclization promoted by the combination of neutral water and a tetrahydropyran template was investigated through a series of mechanistic experiments carried out on an epoxy alcohol containing a tetrahydropyran ring (1a) and its carbocyclic congener (1b). In contrast to 1a, cyclizations of 1b were unselective and displayed significantly faster reaction rates suggesting that the tetrahydropyran oxygen in 1a is requisite for regioselective cyclization. Reactions for both substrates were shown to occur in solution and under kinetic control without significant influence from hydrophobic effects. Kinetic measurements carried out in water/dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures suggest that 1b reacts exclusively through an unselective pathway requiring one water molecule more than what is required to solvate the epoxy alcohol. Similar experiments for 1a suggest a competition between an unselective and a selective pathway requiring one and two water molecules in excess of those required to solvate 1a, respectively. The selective pathway observed for 1a but not in 1b is rationalized by electronic and conformational differences between the two compounds.
Role of glutathione metabolism in host defense againstBorrelia burgdorferiinfection (2018)

Pathogen-induced changes in host cell metabolism are known to be important for the immune response. In this study, we investigated how infection with the Lyme disease-causing bacterium <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (<i>Bb</i>) affects host metabolic pathways and how these metabolic pathways may impact host defense. First, metabolome analysis was performed on human primary monocytes from healthy volunteers, stimulated for 24 h with <i>Bb</i> at low multiplicity of infection (MOI). Pathway analysis indicated that glutathione (GSH) metabolism was the pathway most significantly affected by <i>Bb</i> Specifically, intracellular levels of GSH increased on average 10-fold in response to <i>Bb</i> exposure. Furthermore, these changes were found to be specific, as they were not seen during stimulation with other pathogens. Next, metabolome analysis was performed on serum samples from patients with early-onset Lyme disease in comparison with patients with other infections. Supporting the in vitro analysis, we identified a cluster of GSH-related metabolites, the γ-glutamyl amino acids, specifically altered in patients with Lyme disease, and not in other infections. Lastly, we performed in vitro experiments to validate the role for GSH metabolism in host response against <i>Bb.</i> We found that the GSH pathway is essential for <i>Bb</i>-induced cytokine production and identified glutathionylation as a potential mediating mechanism. Taken together, these data indicate a central role for the GSH pathway in the host response to <i>Bb</i> GSH metabolism and glutathionylation may therefore be important factors in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease and potentially other inflammatory diseases as well.
Amino acid turnover by elongating cattle blastocysts recovered on days 14-16 after insemination (2002)

Abstract Blastocyst elongation from day 14 to day 16 after insemination coincides with a major phase of embryo loss in cattle. Protein synthesis, reflected in protein content, increases markedly over this period but little is known about the amino acid requirement of elongating blastocysts at this time. Cattle blastocysts produced in vivo were recovered on days 14-16 after insemination and cultured individually for up to 8 h in synthetic oviduct fluid containing a physiological mixture of amino acids plus 1 mmol glutamine l(-1) and 0.1% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (SOFaaPVA). After 1, 4 and 8 h in culture, an aliquot of culture medium was removed and the rate of amino acid depletion or production was calculated per unit of protein and per hour of culture. Amino acids were depleted or produced at different rates. Arginine was depleted from the medium at a significant rate (P &amp;lt; 0.05) during all culture periods. Alanine and glutamate were produced at a significant rate (P &amp;lt; 0.05) during all culture periods. The rate of alanine production was significantly greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in blastocysts recovered on day 14 compared with days 15 or 16 after insemination. Alanine production and arginine depletion tended to be greater in smaller embryos recovered on day 14 compared with larger and later stage embryos, indicating that earlier stage embryos may have higher metabolic activity than later stage embryos. Qualitatively, the pattern of amino acid consumption and production during elongation was similar to that shown from the zygote to early blastocyst stage.
Study of IMU Mounting Position for ZUPT-Aided INS in the Case of Firefighter Crawling (2023)

We report on optimization of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) mounting position for zero velocity update (ZUPT)-aided inertial navigation systems (INS) in firefighter crawling scenarios. In this study, we considered four IMU mounting positions: (1) on the heel of the foot, (2) inside the knee, (3) outside the knee, and (4) embedded in the center of the supporting knee-pad. We focused on two methods of crawling maneuvers commonly used for performing tasks in firefighting scenarios, described as hand/knee crawling and “duck” crawling. Two performance metrics were considered: stability of the IMU during stance phase and the stance phase duration. We concluded that the optimal mounting position is in the center of the knee under the experimental conditions. This finding is supported by ten navigation trials performed over a 42.6m straight line for each of the four mounting positions and two crawling maneuvers. A circular error probable (CEP) on the order of 0.8m was demonstrated for the center-knee placement of the IMU.