gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen-induced cholestasis may be due to increased permeability of tight junctions (1982)

Conference Article| August 01 1982 Oestrogen-induced cholestasis may be due to increased permeability of tight junctions R. COLEMAN; R. COLEMAN *Departments of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. ELIAS; E. ELIAS †Departments of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. IQBAL; S. IQBAL †Departments of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. HICKEY A. HICKEY *Departments of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1982) 10 (4): 222–223. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0100222b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. COLEMAN, E. ELIAS, S. IQBAL, A. HICKEY; Oestrogen-induced cholestasis may be due to increased permeability of tight junctions. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1982; 10 (4): 222–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0100222b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1982 Biochemical Society1982 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ultra-compact integrated photonic devices enabled by machine learning and digital metamaterials (2021)

We demonstrate three ultra-compact integrated-photonics devices, which are designed via a machine-learning algorithm coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. By digitizing the design domain into “binary pixels,” these digital metamaterials are readily manufacturable using traditional semiconductor foundry processes. By showing various devices (beam-splitters and waveguide bends), we showcase our approach's generality. With an area footprint smaller than λ 0 2 , our designs are amongst the smallest reported to-date. Our method combines machine learning with digital metamaterials to enable ultra-compact, manufacturable devices, which could power a new “Photonics Moore's Law.”
P‐113: Temporal Behavior of Nanostructure Formation in Photopolymer on Back Light Layer of TFT‐LED (2008)

Abstract The temporal behavior of photopolymer nanostructures in a very thin layer of the back light guide substrate in TFT‐LED system has been studied. From our investigation, the optical bonding process with the composition of the bonding glue can easily produce the photopolymer nanostructures with high sensitivity and high refractive index change within a few seconds. This technique can be applied to fabricate photopolymer nanostructures on back light layer to achieve high luminous efficiency of TFT‐LED device.
The Augurscope: A Mixed Reality Interface for Outdoors (2002)

The augurscope is a portable mixed reality interface for outdoors. A tripod-mounted display is wheeled to different locations and rotated and tilted to view a virtual environment that is aligned with the physical background. Video from an onboard camera is embedded into this virtual environment. Our design encompasses physical form, interaction and the combination of a GPS receiver, electronic compass, accelerometer and rotary encoder for tracking. An initial application involves the public exploring a medieval castle from the site of its modern replacement. Analysis of use reveals problems with lighting, movement and relating virtual and physical viewpoints, and shows how environmental factors and physical form affect interaction. We suggest that problems might be accommodated by carefully constructing virtual and physical content.
Seeded Growth of Highly Luminescent\nCdSe/CdS Nanoheterostructures with\nRod and Tetrapod Morphologies (2007)

We have demonstrated that seeded growth of nanocrystals offers a convenient way to design nanoheterostructures with complex shapes and\nmorphologies by changing the crystalline structure of the seed. By using CdSe nanocrystals with wurtzite and zinc blende structure as seeds\nfor growth of CdS nanorods, we synthesized CdSe/CdS heterostructure nanorods and nanotetrapods, respectively. Both of these structures\nshowed excellent luminescent properties, combining high photoluminescence efficiency (∼80 and ∼50% for nanorods and nanotetrapods,\ncorrespondingly), giant extinction coefficients (∼2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; and ∼1.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; M&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at 350 nm for nanorods and nanotetrapods, correspondingly),\nand efficient energy transfer from the CdS arms into the emitting CdSe core.
Prescription for successful new inflation (1984)

The conditions on the effective (de Sitter space) scalar potential that are required to obtain a successful new-inflationary-Universe scenario are codified into a general prescription. These conditions ensure that sufficient inflation, density fluctuations of an acceptable magnitude, and reheating to a high enough temperature to produce the astrophysically observed baryon asymmetry result. We exemplify our prescription for a quartic potential and show that if the scalar field is a gauge singlet, then it is possible to tune the parameters of the potential to satisfy the conditions we have prescribed.
Nondestructive measurement of longitudinal rail stresses: application of the acoustoelastic effect to rail stress measurement. Final report, June 1, 1975-January 31, 1977 (1978)

A technique for the destructive measurement of the average longitudinal stress as a function of depth in short samples of railroad rail has been shown to be feasible. The quantitative agreement between two sets of measurements made with longitudinally oriented strain gages at two different locations on the same rail demonstrate the accuracy of the technique. Disagreement of measurements made with four arm bridges located under the rail head suggest the presence of a biaxial stresses in the rail head. Stress measurements on a 92 lb/yd rail having seen moderate usage show a maximum compressive residual stress of 200 to 250 MN/m/sup 2/ (29 to 36 ksi) at a depth of 6 to 8 mm (0.25 to 0.31 in).
Compromised Antibacterial Function of Multipotent Stromal Cells in Diabetes (2018)

In diabetes, multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are functionally deficient. It is unknown, however, whether their antibacterial function is compromised. In this study, MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow samples provided by nine diabetic and six nondiabetic donors and treated with or without Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The supernatant of diabetic MSCs (MSCs-dia) and nondiabetic control MSCs (MSCs-c) was added into the cultures of E. coli for evaluation of the effect of MSCs-dia and MSCs-c on bacterial growth. The number of E. coli colonies increased when they were cultured with the supernatant of MSCs-dia, with or without LPS stimulation, compared with the E. coli cultured with the supernatant of MSCs-c. Human macrophages were co-cultured with either MSCs-dia or MSCs-c, for 24 h, and then cultured with heat-inactivated E. coli. Bacterial phagocytosis was reduced after macrophages were co-cultured with MSCs-dia. Gene expression of antibacterial peptide LL-37 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by MSCs-dia was reduced compared with MSCs-c. The supernatant of MSCs-dia and MSCs-c was applied to a 42-cytokine antibody array. While the cytokine profiles of MSCs-dia and MSCs-c were largely similar, the productions of MCP-1 and interleukin-6 distinguished MSCs-dia from MSCs-c in response to LPS treatment. In conclusion, MSCs-dia were less inhibitive of the growth of bacteria and compromised in regulation of macrophages for bacterial phagocytosis. The reduced expression of IDO and LL-37 and an altered cytokine profile in MSCs-dia should be taken into consideration in developing cell therapies for diabetic infection.
An Inferolateral Approach to Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy (2010)

An increasing number of women presenting with early stage breast cancer or a strong family history are choosing mastectomy as a therapeutic or prophylactic treatment option. In these selected patients, conservation of the nipple areolar complex is considered to improve cosmesis and body image. Incision placement is an important consideration in breast appearance after surgery. Functionally, the incision must allow adequate access for mastectomy and implant positioning. In addition, preservation of blood supply is critical to maintain a viable nipple. This article describes an inferolateral curvilinear incision on the breast mound, which can be designed de novo or as an extension of a preexisting lateral scar. The incision allows adequate access and hides the scar on anterior view, thus optimizing both the mastectomy and reconstruction. In patients with a preexisting lateral scar, this may be the incision of choice.
Proton control of the conformation of a macrobicyclic ligand (1993)

Crystal structure determinations for two salts show that the structures of metal-free cyclidene ligand salts are critically dependent on the degree of protonation, showing either a structure close to those found for corresponding metal complexes, or an entirely different conformation stabilised by N–H ⋯ Cl hydrogen bonds in an ‘ion quartet’, a cluster formed by the [LH5]5+ ion interacting with 3 Cl– ions.
Efficient method for recycling poly(ethylene terephthalate) to poly(butylene terephthalate) using transesterification reaction (2004)

Abstract A method of recycling postconsumer poly(ethylene terephthalate (PET) using transesterification was studied. Shredded flakes of postconsumer PET waste were transesterified with higher diols, such as 1,4‐butanediol, 1,4‐cyclohexane dimethanol, and 1,6‐hexanediol, to yield copolyesters in the presence of Ti(iPrO) 4 and Sb 2 O 3 as catalysts. The extent of the formation of undesirable tetrahydrofuran side products was dependent on the molar ratio of PET to1,4‐butanediol and the time of reflux during transesterification. Quantitative insertion of the butylene moiety into PET could be achieved under appropriate reaction conditions. The mechanical properties of PBT obtained by a transesterification reaction of PET with 1,4‐butanediol were comparable to those of virgin PBT (obtained by direct reaction of dimethyl terephathalate with 1,4‐butanediol). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3720–3729, 2004
Practical Strategies for Power-Efficient Computing (2010)

After decades of continuous scaling, further advancement of silicon microelectronics across the entire spectrum of computing applications is today limited by power dissipation. While the trade-off between power and perfor- mance is well-recognized, most recent studies focus on the extreme ends of this balance. By concentrating instead on an intermediate range, an � 8� improvement in power efficiency can be attained without system performance loss in paralleliz- able applicationsVthose in which such efficiency is most critical. It is argued that power-efficient hardware is funda- mentally limited by voltage scaling, which can be achieved only by blurring the boundaries between devices, circuits, and systems and cannot be realized by addressing any one area alone. By simultaneously considering all three perspectives, the major issues involved in improving power efficiency in light of performance and area constraints are identified. Solutions for the critical elements of a practical computing system are discussed, including the underlying logic device, associated cache memory, off-chip interconnect, and power delivery system. The IBM Blue Gene system is then presented as a case study to exemplify several proposed directions. Going forward, further power reduction may demand radical changes in device technologies and computer architecture; hence, a few such promising methods are briefly considered.
CONFORMATION-SPECIFIC UV and IR SPECTROSCOPY OF CONFORMATIONALLY CONSTRAINED $\alpha$/$\gamma$ PEPTIDE FOLDAMERS (2013)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
Phenological Aspects of Male and Female Function in Hermaphroditic Plants (1992)

We present a model of plant sexual allocation that takes account of the timing of male and female function when resources take the form of a rate-limited photosynthetic "income" rather than a resource "pool." The model suggests that investment in male function imposes an opportunity cost with respect to female allocation by diverting resources from further vegetative growth that could have fueled later fruit and seed maturation. The optimal sex allocation predicted by the model is more female biased than the allocation expected if a plant instantaneously divides a common pool of reproductive resources. If fruiting tissue is photosynthetic, the optimal allocation is even more female biased. Temporal factors may help account for the frequently observed female bias in carbon allocation. Although the phenological factors that affect reproduction are certain to vary among species depending on their morphology, physiology, and habitat, such factors may frequently be important, and future studies of plant sex allocation would profit from explicit and detailed attention to the timing of reproductive events.
Design of Rail Instrumentation for Wind Tunnel Sonic Boom Measurements and Computational-Experimental Comparisons (2012)

An innovative pressure rail concept for wind tunnel sonic boom testing of modern aircraft configurations with very low overpressures was designed with an adjoint-based solution-adapted Cartesian grid method. The computational method requires accurate free-air calculations of a test article as well as solutions modeling the influence of rail and tunnel walls. Specialized grids for accurate Euler and Navier-Stokes sonic boom computations were used on several test articles including complete aircraft models with flow-through nacelles. The computed pressure signatures are compared with recent results from the NASA 9- x 7-foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel using the advanced rail design.
A Two-Layer Real-Time Optimization Control Strategy for Integrated Battery Thermal Management and HVAC System in Connected and Automated HEVs (2021)

With the increase in the capacity and power rating of batteries in today's HEVs and EVs, the battery thermal management (BTM) system bears growing importance in vehicle safety and efficiency. A practical BTM system is commonly coupled with the passenger cabin heating-ventilation-air-conditioning (HVAC) system, which makes a major energy consumer and a challenging control object. Thanks to the connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology, predictions of the vehicle speed profile and power trajectory can be obtained, providing the possibility for predictive control of the BTM and HVAC coupled system in order to maintain battery safety, passenger comfort, and to reduce energy consumption. However, the tradeoff among higher energy saving potential and wider control range from a long and sparse horizon, and higher accuracy from a short and dense horizon is inevitable in the conventional predictive control. In this paper, a two-layer predictive control strategy for warm/hot weather is proposed to address the aforementioned tradeoff. The upper layer controller firstly plans the optimized battery temperature trajectory according to the look-ahead speed preview and battery power profiles provided by the CAV network and the integrated BTM and HVAC system efficiency surface from off-line data. Then the lower layer model predictive controller tracks the planned trajectory and cabin temperature reference while enforcing the energy consumption optimization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy exhibits accurate battery and passenger cabin temperature reference tracking while achieving up to 10.47% HVAC energy saving comparing to a baseline control strategy with UDDS profile and typical driving conditions. Implementation of the proposed strategy on a real-time vehicle emulator based on rapid control prototyping (RCP) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platforms demonstrates the real-world implementation capability of the proposed two-layer framework.
Construction of eye-and-hand type visual servo system using active vision (2003)

The robot, which moves in the actual environment, does not do the action decided under the environment planned like the industrial robot. Therefore, ability of autonomously recognizing the external environment is necessary to deal with unknown of the environment and uncertainty of the modeling. So, it is necessary to build a vision sensor into a servo system. When we acquire vision information, strong nonlinear nature of lens and gap of camera coordinates and manipulator coordinates degrades position accuracy. In this paper we construct eye-and-hand type visual servo system with active vision. By always catching a target at the center of a camera coordinate system, the nonlinear distorted influence of a lens is reduced. As a result, experiments have shown that it succeeded in wide range and highly precise target tracking control.
<title>Laser Fizeau interferometer for silicon wafer site flatness testing</title> (1999)

Requirements on wafer flatness, like most semiconductor specifications, are becoming increasingly tight, with greater accuracy and resolution needed for measurements. In addition to traditional peak-to-valley surface deviation and root-mean- square roughness measurements, it is desirable to measure the flatness of silicon wafers over a small area, or site flatness. This involves dividing the wafer into many sub- regions and calculating the surface statistics for these smaller regions in addition to the overall wafer statistics. Veeco Metrology has developed a high-resolution phase-shifting laser Fizeau interferometer for site flatness testing. The system is designed with 40 mm X 40 mm square field and a 1000 X 1000 pixel CCD camera. Features as small as 100 micrometer may be measured by the system with high resolution, repeatability, and accuracy. A motorized stage allows any region of the wafer to be measured by the system such that problem areas do not escape measurement. This paper discusses the overall system design and presents data from the wafer flatness tester developed by Veeco. Data on lateral resolution, vertical repeatability and accuracy are presented. In addition, the site flatness statistics of a silicon wafer measured by the instrument are given.
Robust Incorporation of Well Control for Improving Seismic Processing and Inversion (2007)

D026 Robust Incorporation of Well Control for Improving Seismic Processing and Inversion J.K. Washbourne* (Chevron Energy Technology Co.) &amp; E.F. Herkenhoff (Chevron Energy Technology Co.) SUMMARY We present a method for utilizing well log information to measure the quality of seismic AVO inversions. The central contribution is the construction of a “cost function” that measures inversion quality by comparing statistical relationships among inverted reflectivities with analogues from well control reflectivities. Given this cost function we can optimize the AVO inversions as well as the parameters of upstream processing tools. EAGE 69 th Conference &amp; Exhibition — London UK 11 -
In Vitro Activity and Preclinical Profile of TMC435350, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor (2009)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease has been explored as a target for the inhibition of viral replication in preclinical models and in HCV-infected patients. TMC435350 is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of NS3/4A protease selected from a series of novel macrocyclic inhibitors. In biochemical assays using NS3/4A proteases of genotypes 1a and 1b, inhibition constants of 0.5 and 0.4 nM, respectively, were determined. TMC435350 inhibited HCV replication in a cellular assay (subgenomic 1b replicon) with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of 8 nM and a selectivity index of 5,875. The compound was synergistic with alpha interferon and an NS5B inhibitor in the replicon model and additive with ribavirin. In rats, TMC435350 was extensively distributed to the liver and intestinal tract (tissue/plasma area under the concentration-time curve ratios of >35), and the absolute bioavailability was 44% after a single oral administration. Compound concentrations detected in both plasma and liver at 8 h postdosing were above the EC(99) value measured in the replicon. In conclusion, given the selective and potent in vitro anti-HCV activity, the potential for combination with other anti-HCV agents, and the favorable pharmacokinetic profile, TMC435350 has been selected for clinical development.
Near‐Field Energy Transfer Using Nanoemitters For Optoelectronics (2016)

Effective utilization of excitation energy in nanoemitters requires control of exciton flow at the nanoscale. This can be readily achieved by exploiting near‐field nonradiative energy transfer mechanisms such as dipole‐dipole coupling (i.e., Förster resonance energy transfer) and simultaneous two‐way electron transfer via exchange interaction (i.e., Dexter energy transfer). In this feature article, we review nonradiative energy transfer processes between emerging nanoemitters and exciton scavengers. To this end, we highlight the potential of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, organic semiconductors, and two‐dimensional materials as efficient exciton scavengers for light harvesting and generation in optoelectronic applications. We present and discuss unprecedented exciton transfer in nanoemitter–nanostructured semiconductor composites enabled by strong light–matter interactions. We elucidate remarkably strong nonradiative energy transfer in self‐assembling atomically flat colloidal nanoplatelets. In addition, we underscore the promise of organic semiconductor–nanocrystal hybrids for spin‐triplet exciton harvesting via Dexter energy transfer. These efficient exciton transferring hybrids will empower desired optoelectronic properties such as long‐range exciton diffusion, ultrafast multiexciton harvesting, and efficient photon upconversion, leading to the development of excitonic optoelectronic devices such as exciton‐driven light‐emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors.
Towards Improving the Testability of Cloud Application Services (2014)

In cloud computing, applications are hosted, deployed, and delivered as services over the Internet. New cloud application services can be developed by tailoring existing ones, while hiding the complexity of the underlying implementation. Cloud applications may be able to adapt to changes in their environment, which should be secure and reliable. The infrastructure on which cloud applications are built is characterized by power, storage, and virtualization. But how does all of this affect the ability to adequately test cloud applications? This chapter investigates the testability of cloud application services. It focuses on the specific problem of reduced controllability and observability of software services hosted in the cloud, and proposes a novel solution referred to as Test Support as-a-Service (TSaaS). A prototype of TSaaS is also presented, and is used to discuss the feasibility, challenges, and benefits of the approach.