gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of suiphated glycosaminoglycans on albuminuria in patients with overt diabetic (type 1) nephropathy (1996)

Decreased expression of heparan sulphate has been shown in the glomerular basement membrane of patients with over diabetic nephropathy. Low- molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a highly sulphated glycosaminoglycan with strong structural and functional similarities to heparan sulphate. In a first study, we set out to assess if LMWH could decrease the urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) in diabetic patients with over nephropathy. Six patients entered a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with treatment episodes of 1 month, separated by a 1-month wash-out. Patients self-administered prefilled syringes with either placebo or LMWH (enoxaparin 40 mg/0.4 ml) at bedtime. Baseline AER levels before either treatment period were similar. In contrast to placebo, AER significantly decreased from 447 (181-1102) to 295 (100-873) micrograms/min after 1 month treatment with LMWH (P < 0.05). Compared to placebo, the effect of LMWH did not reach statistical significance in these six patients after 1 month treatment (P = 0.16). Haemodynamic variables including glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction did not change during enoxaparin treatment. We observed a favourable effect on AER during LMWH treatment in diabetic patients with over nephropathy. These data suggest that long-term treatment trials in a larger group of patients may potentially demonstrate a new therapeutic option for patients with over diabetic nephropathy.
Séparation de sources appliquée à un contenu ambisonique : localisation et extraction des champs directs (2016)

International audience
The microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of nanosized hard magnetic material, FePt (2004)

In this paper, we report on the first microwave synthesis of FePt nanoparticles. The advantages of the described process are its simplicity, the short reaction time, and their easy preparation. The structure and composition of FePt nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The particle size of the product was 23 nm, as determined from the XRD measurements, and 2.1 as measured from the HRTEM. The measured coercivity at room temperature was 4600 Oe.
A structural basis for integrin activation by the cytoplasmic tail of the α IIb -subunit (2000)

A key step in the activation of heterodimeric integrin adhesion receptors is the transmission of an agonist-induced cellular signal from the short alpha- and/or beta-cytoplasmic tails to the extracellular domains of the receptor. The structural details of how the cytoplasmic tails mediate such an inside-out signaling process remain unclear. We report herein the NMR structures of a membrane-anchored cytoplasmic tail of the alpha(IIb)-subunit and of a mutant alpha(IIb)-cytoplasmic tail that renders platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) constitutively active. The structure of the wild-type alpha(IIb)-cytoplasmic tail reveals a "closed" conformation where the highly conserved N-terminal membrane-proximal region forms an alpha-helix followed by a turn, and the acidic C-terminal loop interacts with the N-terminal helix. The structure of the active mutant is significantly different, having an "open" conformation where the interactions between the N-terminal helix and C-terminal region are abolished. Consistent with these structural differences, the two peptides differ in function: the wild-type peptide suppressed alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation, whereas the mutant peptide did not. These results provide an atomic explanation for extensive biochemical/mutational data and support a conformation-based "on/off switch" model for integrin activation.
Glycobiology and Immunology (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Glycobiology The Immune System Carbohydrate Antigens Acknowledgment References
Large core multimode fiber with high bandwidth and high connector tolerance for broadband short distance communications (2021)

We propose a large core multimode fiber with 100-µm core diameter for short distance communication that is compatible with existing transceivers designed for 50-µm diameter core multimode fibers. The fiber exhibits a bandwidth that is over four times higher than the 50-µm OM4 fiber, low bending loss, and large connector offset tolerance. We have studied the bandwidth capability through both detailed modeling and experiments. A prototype fiber was fabricated, and it achieves 24 GHz km peak modal bandwidth in the 850 nm window, and the wavelength window with bandwidth above 5 GHz km is more than 100 nm. The bending losses of the fiber measured at 850 and 1300 nm with an encircled flux launch condition exceed the requirements for bending insensitive multimode fibers. The fiber has much higher connector offset tolerance compared to conventional 50-µm diameter core fibers as has been exhibited by modeling and experimental study. The additional loss caused by up to 10-µm connector offset is only 0.3 dB. Transmission experiments using 25 G SR and 100 G shortwave wavelength division multiplexing transceivers over such a fiber show error-free performance over 500 and 300 m, respectively. The proposed large core multimode fiber can address versatile needs in short distance communication including the bandwidth for high data rate transmission and a wide wavelength window for wavelength multiplexed transmission. The large connector tolerance and low bending loss can also enable low cost, compact connectivity solutions with passive alignment and ease of handling.
(Invited) Mobility Enhancement of Uniaxially Strained Germanium Nanowire MOSFETs (2014)

Strained Ge nanowire MOSFETs with a compressive strain as high as -3.9 % were fabricated by the 2-step Ge-condensation technique without intentional doping for the S/D. Record high hole mobility ( μ eff = 1992 cm 2 /Vs @ N s = 1.7x10 12 cm -2 ) was achieved among Ge nanowire pMOSFET ever reported. Inserting a plasma-oxide (GeO x ) inter-layer between the high-k dielectric and the strained Ge nanowire channel greatly improved not only the mobility but the cut-off characteristics. A low off-current (2.7 nA/μm at V d = -0.5 V) was achieved by the device with the gate length of 45 nm, thanks to the reduced interface state density.
Evaluation of ganglion cysts using vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (VIPR) (2007)

For some atypical para-articular ganglia, the presence of a joint connection is highly controversial. The proper preoperative diagnosis and identification of this joint connection for ganglion cysts is important for patient treatment and outcome. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when evaluating such lesions, but the detection of subtle joint connections remains difficult with conventional MR protocols. We investigated the utility of a steady-state free-precession acquisition with isotropic high resolution using the vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (VIPR) pulse sequence to determine if joint connections for ganglion cysts could be seen more effectively, using the knee region as a model. We evaluated four patients: two with peroneal intraneural ganglion cysts, one with adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery, and one patient with a more typical extraneural (intramuscular) cyst. Both conventional MR and VIPR techniques were used. In our clinical experience, we found VIPR to be superior to conventional MR techniques in detecting and depicting joint connections in typical and atypical ganglion cysts around the knee.
Evaluating principal component analysis models for representing anatomical changes in head and neck radiotherapy (2022)

A method to quantitatively evaluate how well PCA models represent observed anatomical changes was proposed. We demonstrated our approach on H&N PCA models, but it can be applied to other sites.
Vibrational relaxation in jet-cooled alkyl benzenes. III. Nanosecond time evolution (1980)

Spectrally resolved fluorescence time decay measurements have been completed with nanosecond resolution on a series of n-alkylbenzenes laser excited into well-localized ring distortion vibrations in the S1 electronic state. Results indicate that those early members of the series which continue to exhibit some sharp, vibrationally unrelaxed emissions do so because they are intermediate case examples with inadequate density of states to permit dynamical relaxation on a nanosecond time scale. The longer chain, statistical limit molecules show a relaxed fluorescence pattern which displays no residual nanosecond time evolution. Intramolecular vibrational relaxation thus appears to proceed to an essentially complete randomization within a time period shorter than the excitation laser pulse.
Permeability from Complex Conductivity: An Evaluation of Polarization Magnitude versus Relaxation Time Based Geophysical Length Scales (2017)

Geophysical length scales determined from complex conductivity (CC) measurements can be used to estimate permeability k when the electrical formation factor F describing the ratio between tortuosity and porosity is known. Two geophysical length scales have been proposed: [1] the imaginary conductivity σ" normalized by the specific polarizability cp; [2] the time constant τ multiplied by a diffusion coefficient D+. The parameters cp and D+ account for the control of fluid chemistry and/or varying minerology on the geophysical length scale. We evaluated the predictive capability of two recently presented CC permeability models: [1] an empirical formulation based on σ"; [2] a mechanistic formulation based on τ;. The performance of the CC models was evaluated against measured permeability; this performance was also compared against that of well-established k estimation equations that use geometric length scales to represent the pore scale properties controlling fluid flow. Both CC models predict permeability within one order of magnitude for a database of 58 sandstone samples, with the exception of those samples characterized by high pore volume normalized surface area Spor and more complex mineralogy including significant dolomite. Variations in cp and D+ likely contribute to the poor performance of the models for these high Spor samples. The ultimate value of such geophysical models for permeability prediction lies in their application to field scale geophysical datasets. Two observations favor the implementation of the σ" based model over the τ based model for field-scale estimation: [1] the limited range of variation in cp relative to D+; [2] σ" is readily measured using field geophysical instrumentation (at a single frequency) whereas τ requires broadband spectral measurements that are extremely challenging and time consuming to accurately measure in the field. However, the need for a reliable estimate of F remains a major obstacle to the field-scale implementation of either of the CC permeability models for kestimation.
Kinetic and subcellular analysis of PS-ASO/protein interactions with P54nrb and RNase H1 (2019)

The rapid RNase H1-dependent mislocalization of heterodimer proteins P54nrb and PSF to nucleoli is an early event in the pathway that explains the effects of most toxic phosphorothioate ASOs (PS-ASOs). Using a recently developed NanoLuciferace (NLuc)-based structural complementation reporter system which allows us to observe ASO/protein interactions in real time in live cells, we have determined that safe and toxic PS-ASOs associate with these proteins with kinetics and impact on subcellular localization that differ. Toxic PS-ASOs interact in a complex that includes RNase H1, P54nrb and PSF; but RNase H1/P54nrb complexes were observed in only the cells treated with toxic, but not safe PS-ASOs. In addition, experiments performed in vitro suggest that RNA is also a required component of the complex. The protein-protein interaction between P54nrb and RNase H1 requires the spacer region of RNAse H1, while the P54nrb core domains are required for association with RNase H1. In addition, we have determined that PS-ASOs bind P54nrb via RRM1 and RRM2, while they bind RNase H1 primarily via the hybrid binding domain, however catalytic domain interactions also contribute to overall affinity. These ASO-protein interactions are highly influenced by the chemistry of the PS-ASO binding environment, however little correlation between affinity for specific proteins and PS-ASO toxicity was observed.
Image segmentation and pattern matching based FPGA/ASIC implementation architecture of real-time object tracking (2006)

A novel algorithm for object tracking in video pictures, based on image segmentation and pattern matching, as well as its FPGA/ASIC implementation architecture are presented. With image segmentation, we can detect all objects in the images no matter whether they are moving or not. Using image segmentation results of successive frames, we exploit pattern matching in a simple object feature space for tracking of objects. The proposed algorithm can be applied to multiple moving and still objects even in the case of a moving camera. The FPGA/ASIC implementation architecture is verified to enable realtime tracking of up to 220 objects, when realized with modern FPGA hardware [1].
Gene activation and gene delivery with ultrasound (1998)

Transfection experiments were performed in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in fish and mice using cationic liposomes with several different reporter genes. The effect of continuous-wave 1-MHz ultrasound on cell viability, cell permeability, and gene expression was assessed. RT-PCR was used to monitor gene expression of cell repair genes in insonated cells. Acoustically active halocarbon-containing liposomes were prepared for gene delivery. Ultrasound increased cell permeability and gene expression following liposomal transfection. RT-PCR showed upregulation of repair of a number of cell repair genes after ultrasound exposure. The acoustically active gene delivery vehicles provided highly efficient transfection both with and without ultrasound in vitro and in vivo. Following IV administration of halocarbon-containing liposomes/gene complexes, preferential gene expression was observed in the insonated tissue. Ultrasound has potentially useful applications for targeting and enhancing gene therapy.
71‐1:Invited Paper:GaN‐Based Watt‐Class High‐Power Edge‐Emitting Lasers and Milliwatt‐Class Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers (2022)

The latest achievements of GaN‐based laser diodes are summarized, focused on two topics: watt‐class high‐power edge‐emitting lasers and milliwatt‐class vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers. These light sources have high efficiency and high reliability, which are suitable for various display applications such as laser projectors and/or ARIVR displays.
Ets proteins: new factors that regulate immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression. (1993)

We used a DNA-protein interaction screening method to isolate a cDNA, Erg-3, whose product binds to a site, designated pi, present in the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain gene enhancer. Erg-3 is an alternatively spliced product of the erg gene and contains an Ets DNA-binding domain. Fli-1 and PU.1, related Ets proteins, also bind to the same site. In addition, PU.1 binds to a second site, designated microB, in the Ig heavy-chain enhancer. We demonstrate that the pi binding site is crucial for Ig heavy-chain gene enhancer function. In addition, we show that Erg-3 and Fli.1, but not PU.1, can activate a reporter construct containing a multimer of protein-binding sites, synergistically with helix-loop-helix protein E12. We discuss how combinatorial interactions between members of the helix-loop-helix and Ets families may account for the tissue specificity of these proteins.
Shoulder external rotator selective neurotomy in cerebral palsy: anatomical study and preliminary clinical results (2010)

Shoulder external rotation posturing in patients with cerebral palsy can severely impair bimanual activities and lead to painful shoulder instability. We performed an anatomical study to describe the surgical approach to the shoulder external rotators nerves. Using this technique, we performed a selective neurotomy in five shoulders with external rotator shoulder spasticity. Ashworth scale dropped from 2 or 3 to 0 and active internal rotation increased from 0-10 to 60-70 degrees . This is a short series but preliminary results are encouraging and allow us to extend the study to a greater number of patients.
Polymerase-free measurement of microRNA-122 with single base specificity using single molecule arrays: Detection of drug-induced liver injury (2017)

We have developed a single probe method for detecting microRNA from human serum using single molecule arrays, with sequence specificity down to a single base, and without the use of amplification by polymerases. An abasic peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe-containing a reactive amine instead of a nucleotide at a specific position in the sequence-for detecting a microRNA was conjugated to superparamagnetic beads. These beads were incubated with a sample containing microRNA, a biotinylated reactive nucleobase-containing an aldehyde group-that was complementary to the missing base in the probe sequence, and a reducing agent. When a target molecule with an exact match in sequence hybridized to the capture probe, the reactive nucleobase was covalently attached to the backbone of the probe by a dynamic covalent chemical reaction. Single molecules of the biotin-labeled probe were then labeled with streptavidin-β-galactosidase (SβG), the beads were resuspended in a fluorogenic enzyme substrate, loaded into an array of femtoliter wells, and sealed with oil. The array was imaged fluorescently to determine which beads were associated with single enzymes, and the average number of enzymes per bead was determined. The assay had a limit of detection of 500 fM, approximately 500 times more sensitive than a corresponding analog bead-based assay, with target specificity down to a single base mis-match. This assay was used to measure microRNA-122 (miR-122)-an established biomarker of liver toxicity-extracted from the serum of patients who had acute liver injury due to acetaminophen, and control healthy patients. All patients with liver injury had higher levels of miR-122 in their serum compared to controls, and the concentrations measured correlated well with those determined using RT-qPCR. This approach allows rapid quantification of circulating microRNA with single-based specificity and a limit of quantification suitable for clinical use.
Further developments in surface imaging resists. (1993)

At present one of the most promising production-worthy 193 nm resist approaches is a single layer, dry developed, surface imaging, silylation process. An evaluation of commercially available developmental resists shows excellent process versatility and lithographic performance. An evaluation of silylation conditions shows more versatility than previously demonstrated. No flow is seen in silylated features, leading to excellent dimensional control and edge profiles. Preliminary results indicate better than 0.18 m resolution and linearity to 0.20 m without the use of phase shift masks. Geometries of 0.1 m have been demonstrated in a resist process which is available for evaluation of 0.20m devices processes as well as 256 MB DRAM circuits.
RNA binding protein PCBP1 is an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping T cell responses in cancer immunity (2020)

Distinct lineages of T cells can act in response to various environmental cues to either drive or restrict immune-mediated pathology. Here, we identify the RNA binding protein, poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) as an intracellular immune checkpoint that is up-regulated in activated T cells to prevent conversion of effector T (T<sub>eff</sub>) cells into regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells, by restricting the expression of T<sub>eff</sub> cell-intrinsic T<sub>reg</sub> commitment programs. This was critical for stabilizing T<sub>eff</sub> cell functions and subverting immune-suppressive signals. T cell-specific deletion of <i>Pcbp1</i> favored T<sub>reg</sub> cell differentiation, enlisted multiple inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1, TIGIT, and VISTA on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and blunted antitumor immunity. Our results demonstrate a critical role for PCBP1 as an intracellular immune checkpoint for maintaining T<sub>eff</sub> cell functions in cancer immunity.
Keeping up with the bits: tracking physical layer latency in millimeter-wave Wi-Fi networks (2021)

The wireless communications landscape is anticipated to offer new service levels following the introduction of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum to consumer electronics. With their broad bandwidths and corresponding multi-Gbps data rates, these mmWaves are a perfect fit for data hungry applications, such as streaming video to extended reality devices. However, the latter are also bound by maximal latency constraints as low as 1 ms. Understanding where such minuscule time delays lurk requires a close-up study of individual layers in the network stack. Starting from the bottom up, the present work describes an endeavor at uncloaking the origins of physical layer (PHY) latency in mmWave Wi-Fi networks. It proposes a newly designed simulation framework and sheds light on how any conventional laboratory can be turned into a virtual experiment setting, speeding up computation. A case study based on the IEEE 802.11ad standard demonstrates the framework's ability to track packet latency at the PHY-level and identify individual bottlenecks. In particular, it evaluates the impact of the number of LDPC decoding iterations on latency in short transmission sequences.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of semi-flexible polymer networks (1998)

We have synthesized a range of polymer networks containing varying amounts of the flexible molecule 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (B2) and the rigid mesogenic molecule, di-(4 oxyallyl-(methyl)-phenyl)4-terephthalate. Networks were prepared using hydrosilylation chemistry, by crosslinking the vinyl terminated B2 and the mesogen, with the tetrafunctional crosslinker tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy) silane (A4). The elastic modulus (Ge) increased with the incorporation of the rigid mesogen into the network structure, and also increased as the ratio of silane hydrogens (Si–H) to vinyl groups in the preparation was increased from 1 to 1.5. Complementary swelling experiments in toluene showed the soluble fraction (wsol) decreased with an increase in this ratio. Also, a maximum value of the polymer volume fraction, υ2, was obtained with the stoichiometry r=1.5. Network properties were analyzed using the Flory–Rehner expression from which values of the average interaction parameter, χ, were extracted.
Longitudinal assessment of demographic representativeness in the Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center open data commons (2023)

The representativeness of the open medical imaging datasets in the curated public data commons at MIDRC has evolved over time as the number of contributing institutions and overall number of subjects have grown. The use of metrics, such as the JSD support measurement of representativeness, is one step needed for fair and generalizable AI algorithm development.
How Plants and Bacteria can Clean the Earth (2022)

Have you ever seen black smog come out of cars? Or noticed an unnatural oily film on water puddles in parking lots? Humans have polluted practically every corner of our planet and most of it is invisible to our eyes. Sadly, Earth suffers the consequences of this pollution. But scientists have recently found a simple way to restore contaminated soils back to health. In this article, we will talk about how plants and bacteria team up to restore our polluted world!