gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Evaluation of Representative Figure Method for Proximity Effect Correction (1995)

The correction accuracy of the representative figure method is studied. In order to evaluate pattern size deviation using the small area size as a parameter, we carry out a systematic experiment using a 0.2 µ m line-and-space pattern. It is found that the small area size of an element and a reference rectangle can be maximized at 5 µ m and 15 µ m, respectively, to suppress the pattern size deviation below 10%, or 0.02 µ m. The large area sizes obtained here result in the reduction of calculation time for correction. The correction time itself can be reduced to 1/16 of that in our previous work. When a 4 CPU (50 MIPS per CPU) computer is used, the total calculation time can be completed in less than 15 min for a chip of 15×15 mm 2 size.
Control by Ring Substitution of the Conformation Change Dynamics in Photochromic Polypeptides (1999)

Abstract— In order to develop new systems that couple photochromism with molecular conformation change, a series of spiropyrans having different ring substituents were attached to poly(L-glutamic acid). The polypeptides were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol and dark adapted so that the dye was in the merocyanine form. Following adaptation by white light and dye photoconversion from the merocyanine to spiropyran forms, polypeptide dark-adaptation kinetics were monitored by circular dichroism (CD) and dye dark adaptation was monitored by UV/ visible. Light adaptation caused a light-induced coil-to-helix transition, with dark adaptation resulting in relaxation back to the coil. The dark-adaptation rate constant measured by UV/visible was equal to that measured by CD, demonstrating close coupling between dye state and polypeptide conformation. By varying the substituents on the spiropyran ring, dark-adaptation half lives were varied from less than a minute to 2 h, representing nearly three orders of magnitude.
A novel nonlinear compliant link on simple grippers (2015)

This paper presents a novel nonlinear compliant link. It has two major properties: bi-directionality and stiffening compliance. Bi-directionality means it can be stretched and compressed, and is realized by antagonistic arrangement of an extension spring and a compression spring. Stiffening compliance means it becomes stiffer as it is stretched, and is realized by asymmetric geometry. The links are parts of Simple Hand. Because Simple Hand gives limited space for links, current iteration of links is not obviously nonlinear. However, nonlinearity should be more obvious if links are designed for larger grippers.
Detection by PCR and Isolation Assays of the Anaerobic Intestinal Spirochete Brachyspira aalborgi from the Feces of Captive Nonhuman Primates (2003)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the anaerobic intestinal spirochetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in the feces of captive nonhuman primates (n = 35) from 19 species housed at the Zoological Gardens, Perth, Western Australia. Both spirochete species are known to infect human beings. DNA was extracted from freshly collected feces with a commercially available QIAamp DNA stool minikit and subjected to PCR protocols amplifying portions of the 16S rRNA genes of the two spirochete species. The feces were also subjected to selective culture for the spirochetes. Subsequently, feces from 62 other captive animals or birds representing 39 species at the zoo were examined by PCR to determine whether they were reservoirs of infection. Six fecal samples from individuals from four primate species (two vervet monkeys, two Tonkean macaques, one Japanese macaque, and one hamadryas baboon) tested positive in the B. aalborgi PCR. B. aalborgi was not detected by PCR in any of the other animal or bird species tested, and B. pilosicoli was not detected in the primates or any of the other animals or birds. B. aalborgi was isolated from both PCR-positive vervet monkeys. This is the first time that B. aalborgi has been isolated from nonhuman primates and the first time that it has been isolated from the feces of any species.
Surface limitations to the electro-mechanical tuning range of negative dielectric anisotropy cholesteric liquid crystals (2012)

Recent work on negative dielectric anisotropy cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) showed that externally applied dc voltages resulted in blue tuning of the reflection band position up to 20% of its original position. These results also showed that the observed shift in reflection band position was not caused by a direct interaction between the CLC and the applied voltage, but indirectly through electromechanical stresses that deformed the conductive glass substrates, in turn deforming the liquid crystal. In this work, the goal is to clarify that the major limiting factors on the tuning range limit result from the magnitude of the surface anchoring energy and surface induced hysteresis effects. An analytic solution for the tuning range limit and its dependence on the surface and bulk properties is derived that agrees well with the experimental data. Using this model, it was shown that tuning range limits in excess of 35% of the notch position should be expected with typically available alignment materials, and that with proper CLC/surface optimizations, values in the range of 75% are possible.
Near-optimal Bayesian localization via incoherence and sparsity (2009)

This paper exploits recent developments in sparse approximation and compressive sensing to efficiently perform localization in a sensor network. We introduce a Bayesian framework for the localization problem and provide sparse approximations to its optimal solution. By exploiting the spatial sparsity of the posterior density, we demonstrate that the optimal solution can be computed using fast sparse approximation algorithms. We show that exploiting the signal sparsity can reduce the sensing and computational cost on the sensors, as well as the communication bandwidth. We further illustrate that the sparsity of the source locations can be exploited to decentralize the computation of the source locations and reduce the sensor communications even further. We also discuss how recent results in 1-bit compressive sensing can significantly reduce the amount of inter-sensor communications by transmitting only the intrinsic timing information. Finally, we develop a computationally efficient algorithm for bearing estimation using a network of sensors with provable guarantees.
High-Gain Wideband and Superdirective Electronically-Beam-Switchable Antenna for Smart Communication Objects (2022)

This paper proposes the design of a high-gain, wideband, directive, and compact circular array composed of 5 symmetrical radiating elements (1 fed and 4 parasitic elements). The possibility to implement an electronically beam-switching capability over the horizontal plane is studied. Thanks to the superdirectivity principle, the proposed closely spaced parasitic antenna array achieves a maximum gain of 10 dBi steered in four directions on the horizontal plane and a minimum gain of 9 dBi in the whole horizontal plane. The proposed antenna achieves a stable gain > 9dBi in the frequency band 758–803 MHz, which is interesting for sub-GHz 5G applications.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Fatty Liver (2018)

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-2180 / Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Fatty Liver by: I. Garg1, S. Thompson2, E. Ehman2, S. P. Sheedy1, A. Khandelwal2, C. A. Bookwalter2, T. Mounajjed2, S. K. Venkatesh 1; 1Rochester, Mn/US, 2Rochester/US
Experimental Phantom Lesion Detectability Study Using a Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Prototype System (2006)

Tomosynthesis has the potential to increase the sensitivity of digital mammography. Overlapping structures from out-of-plane tissue can be removed in the tomosynthesis reconstruction process, thereby enhancing the diagnostic accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF THE PROTONATION OF PHOSPHOLYL ANIONS. THE PREPARATION OF 2‐H‐PHOSPHOLE DIMERS (1982)

Abstract Aus den 1‐Phenyl‐phospholen (I) erhält man mit Kalium die entsprechenden Salze, deren Anionen bei der Protonierung zu unbestän‐ digen l‐H‐Phospholen (II) führen.
Electrical properties of cobalt-doped InP (1983)

Hall effect and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) are employed to investigate the electrical properties of Co-doped InP. Co doping is found to give rise predominantly to only one deep level at Ev+0.32 eV in contrast to earlier conclusions. This leads to p-type material with a resistivity in the range 2*103 to 2*105 Omega cm depending on the Co concentration. Resistivities above 104 Omega cm only arise for closely compensated material. The level at Ec-0.5 eV reported in the authors' earlier investigation is shown to be present in high concentration only near to the surface of material which has undergone 350 degrees C heat treatment during ohmic contact alloying. Similar deep-level production by low-temperature heat treatment is also reported for InP:Fe.
Multiresolution Vector Quantization (2004)

Multiresolution source codes are data compression algorithms yielding embedded source descriptions. The decoder of a multiresolution code can build a source reproduction by decoding the embedded bit stream in part or in whole. All decoding procedures start at the beginning of the binary source description and decode some fraction of that string. Decoding a small portion of the binary string gives a low-resolution reproduction; decoding more yields a higher resolution reproduction; and so on. Multiresolution vector quantizers are block multiresolution source codes. This paper introduces algorithms for designing fixed- and variable-rate multiresolution vector quantizers. Experiments on synthetic data demonstrate performance close to the theoretical performance limit. Experiments on natural images demonstrate performance improvements of up to 8 dB over tree-structured vector quantizers. Some of the lessons learned through multiresolution vector quantizer design lend insight into the design of more sophisticated multiresolution codes.
Scalp application of the antioxidant piroctone olamine reduces hair shedding in an 8‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study (2021)

These results illustrate the effectiveness of a cosmetic antioxidant to improve scalp condition thereby improving hair retention. The observed improvements in scalp condition are consistent with previous reports with other antioxidant technologies and suggest that the hair retention effect was achieved by preventing oxidative damage to the scalp.
Human hair, untreated, colored, bleached, and/or treated with a conditioner, by near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2020)

Near-ambient pressure-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., at ca. 2500 Pa. With NAP-XPS, XPS can probe moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. Here, we show the NAP-XPS analysis of untreated/blank human hair, and human hair that has been colored (red) and treated with a commercial conditioner, or bleached and treated with a different conditioner. Survey spectra are shown of each material along with figures comparing their Si 2p, S 2p, and C 1s spectra. The survey spectrum of untreated hair shows S 2p, S 2s, C 1s, Ca 2p, N 1s, and O 1s peaks and corresponding O, N, and C Auger signals. The survey spectra of the colored and bleached hair show significant Si 2s and Si 2p signals and reduced or eliminated S 2p and S 2s peaks, presumably due to the deposition of dimethicone (polydimethylsiloxane) from the corresponding commercial hair treatment products. Narrow scans similarly indicate the deposition of a silicon-containing material on the two types of treated hair, with a concomitant decrease in the intensity of the sulfur signals from the hair. Upon treatment, the C 1s envelope also changes—the chemically shifted peak attributable to amide-type carbon disappears.
M–M Bond-Stretching Energy Landscapes for M2(dimen)42+ (M = Rh, Ir; dimen = 1,8-Diisocyanomenthane) Complexes (2012)

Isomers of Ir(2)(dimen)(4)(2+) (dimen = 1,8-diisocyanomenthane) exhibit different Ir-Ir bond distances in a 2:1 MTHF/EtCN solution (MTHF = 2-methyltetrahydrofuran). Variable-temperature absorption data suggest that the isomer with the shorter Ir-Ir distance is favored at room temperature [K = ∼8; ΔH° = -0.8 kcal/mol; ΔS° = 1.44 cal mol(-1) K(-1)]. We report calculations that shed light on M(2)(dimen)(4)(2+) (M = Rh, Ir) structural differences: (1) metal-metal interaction favors short distances; (2) ligand deformational-strain energy favors long distances; (3) out-of-plane (A(2u)) distortion promotes twisting of the ligand backbone at short metal-metal separations. Calculated potential-energy surfaces reveal a double minimum for Ir(2)(dimen)(4)(2+) (∼4.1 Å Ir-Ir with 0° twist angle and ∼3.6 Å Ir-Ir with ±12° twist angle) but not for the rhodium analogue (∼4.5 Å Rh-Rh with no twisting). Because both the ligand strain and A(2u) distortional energy are virtually identical for the two complexes, the strength of the metal-metal interaction is the determining factor. On the basis of the magnitude of this interaction, we obtain the following results: (1) a single-minimum (along the Ir-Ir coordinate), harmonic potential-energy surface for the triplet electronic excited state of Ir(2)(dimen)(4)(2+) (R(e,Ir-Ir) = 2.87 Å; F(Ir-Ir) = 0.99 mdyn Å(-1)); (2) a single-minimum, anharmonic surface for the ground state of Rh(2)(dimen)(4)(2+) (R(e,Rh-Rh) = 3.23 Å; F(Rh-Rh) = 0.09 mdyn Å(-1)); (3) a double-minimum (along the Ir-Ir coordinate) surface for the ground state of Ir(2)(dimen)(4)(2+) (R(e,Ir-Ir) = 3.23 Å; F(Ir-Ir) = 0.16 mdyn Å(-1)).
Prozesstechnik: Ein potenzieller Polymerbaustein (2021)

Abstract Vanillin ist nicht nur für die Lebensmittel‐ und Kosmetikindustrie interessant. Die aromatische Verbindung aus fossilen oder nachwachsenden Rohstoffen ist auch Intermediat in der Pharmaindustrie und in der Erforschung von Kunststoffsynthesen: Rohstoffquellen, Herstellungsprozesse und Synthesewege.
Regiospecific Bromination of 3-Methylindoles with NBS and Its Application to the Concise Synthesis of Optically Active Unusual Tryptophans Present in Marine Cyclic Peptides1 (1997)

A regiospecific bromination of substituted 3-methylindoles at either the C(3) alkyl moiety or the C(2) position was achieved via a free radical bromination or electrophilic process, respectively. The regiospecificity of the bromination could be controlled by variation of both the substituent and the N(1) protecting group on the indole ring. In addition, enantiospecific syntheses of 5-methoxytryptophan (20) and 5-hydroxy-6-chlorotryptophan (21c) as well as concise syntheses of optically active 2-bromotryptophan ethyl esters 26a,b or their substituted derivatives in three steps from bifunctional dibromoindoles were achieved via the above regiospecific process.
A high-temperature aromatic polyimide film displaying non-linear optical second-harmonic generation based on the approach of the poled guest–host system (1995)

A segmented rigid-rod polyimide has been synthesized from 2,2′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2′-trifluoromethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (PFMB) in m-cresol at elevated temperature in a one-step Polymerization. This aromatic polyimide (6FDA-PFMB) is soluble in a variety of organic solvents. 6FDA-PFMB has a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 344 °C and a high optical transmission above 375 nm. The refractive indices along the in-plane and the out-of-plane directions are different and show a negative birefringence. Both of the refractive indices decrease with increasing wavelength. When the non-linear optical guest molecule, 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-4,5-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) oxazole (TNON) is doped into the 6FDA-PFMB matrix, phase separation does not occur below a 25% w/w concentration of TNON. The Tg of the guest-host system decreases with increasing TNON concentration. After corona poling, second-harmonic generation is retained up to 300 h at 80 °C. Even after the film is annealed at 200 °C for 0.5 h, a measurable fraction of the second-harmonic non-linearity is retained.
Microspheres of Mixed Proteins (2010)

This paper describes the synthesis of mixed proteinaceous microspheres (MPMs) by the sonochemical method. The current fundamental research follows the research of Suslick and co-workers who have developed a method by which high-intensity ultrasound is used to make aqueous suspensions of proteinaceous microcapsules filled with water-insoluble liquids.1 By using high-intensity ultrasound, we have synthesized microspheres made of a few different proteins. The three proteins used in the current experiments are bovine serum albumin (BSA), green fluorescent protein (GFP), and cyan fluorescent protein-glucose binding protein-yellow fluorescent fused protein (CFP-GBP-YFP). The two synthesized microspheres made of mixed proteins are BSA-GFP and BSA-(CFP-GBP-YFP). This paper presents the characterization of the sonochemically produced microspheres of mixed proteins. It also provides an estimate of the efficiency of the sonochemical process in converting the native proteins to microspheres.
Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts by Combining Cell Sheet and Electrospun Scaffold (2016)

Lee, Sang Jin; Ahn, Hyunhee PhD; Ju, Young Min PhD; Takahashi, Hironobu; Okano, Teruo; Jackson, John PhD; Yoo, James MD, PhD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS Author Information
New properties of the remote center of compliance (2002)

Remote center-of-compliance devices have long been used to facilitate insertion for assembly operations. A new analysis with a more accurate model better characterizes the interesting properties of remote compliance. The center location and stiffiness are presented as nondimensional ratios that are functions of geometrical properties. New results describe: i) the high sensitivity of the center location and ii) the inverse relationship between linear and angular lateral stiffnesses.
Formation of molecular order on a disordered interface layer: Pentacene/Ag(111) (2005)

In this paper, the formation of ordered structures at the pentacene/Ag(111) interface is investigated. Pentacene molecules are thermally evaporated and deposited onto a Ag(111) substrate held at room temperature. The interface is studied with a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). To begin with, pentacene molecules form a loosely bound, disordered contact layer at the interface in which the molecules are oriented parallel to the surface. Remarkably, the molecular layer which grows on top of the contact layer exhibits order, with molecules arranged in rows and tilted around their long axis out of the surface plane. The in-plane orientation of molecular rows in this second molecular layer is templated by the steps of the substrate. A few further ordered layers with similar in-plane structure can be grown on top of the bilayer. The results presented here illustrate a mechanism by which ordered structures of molecular materials can form in spite of an initial lack of order in the contact layer at the interface.
Measuring Blunt Force Head Impacts in Athletes (2020)

While these data are useful for preliminary human tolerance limits, a larger population must be used to quantify real-world dose response as a function of impact magnitude, direction, location, and accumulation. This work is ongoing.
Advances in Materials and Applications of Inorganic Electrides (2021)

Electrides are materials in which electrons serve as anions. Here, the concept of inorganic electrides is extended in several respects: from ionic crystals to intermetallic compounds in host materials, from crystalline to amorphous solids, and from 0-dimensional to 1- and 2-dimensional materials in electron-confined spaces. In particular, 2D electrides, in which anionic electrons are sandwiched by cationic slabs, can form a bulk crystal of a 2-dimensional electron gas, thus exhibiting a large electron mobility and providing a platform for topological materials. Exploration of new electrides by computation and high pressure has advanced, revealing that an electride is a stable equilibrium phase of many elements and compounds under high pressure. This review describes the history and current status of electride research and next summarizes the chemical application of electrides and relevant materials. An emphasis is placed on catalysts for ammonia synthesis from N<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> at mild conditions. This subject is accelerated by a demand for on-site ammonia synthesis using hydrogen produced by renewable energy sources. A wide applicability of electride for chemical reactions such selective hydrogenation and carbon-carbon coupling is shown by extending the concept of electrides. Finally, a view for the relationship between electrides and crystallographic voids and current issues are described.
Target-included model and hybrid decoding of stereotyped hand movement in the motor cortex (2008)

A number of decoding methods, varying from common linear Gaussian models to more complicated point process frameworks, have been developed to infer hand movement from neuronal firing activity in the motor cortex. Most of these methods focus on estimating subjectpsilas hand trajectory in a continuous movement. We recently proposed a template-based time identification decoding approach and showed that if a stereotyped movement is well represented by a sequence of targets (or landmarks), then the main structure of the movement will be better addressed by detecting the reaching times at those targets. Both trajectory decoding and landmark-time decoding have advantages respectively, whereas a coupling of these two different strategies has not been examined. Here we propose a synergy that comes from combining these two approaches for a stereotyped movement under a state-space framework, where the recordings were made in the arm area of primary motor cortex in an awake behaving monkey using a chronically implanted multi-electrode array. We at first identify the target times using the template-based method. Then we include the detected targets as a linear control input in the kinematic model of the state-space formulation. Such an inclusion is justified by the empirical linear relationship between the kinematics and target positions. Experimental results show that the hybrid model includes the benefits from both approaches and significantly improves the decoding accuracy.
Titration of Medications and Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Heart Failure Cohorts (with Reduced Ejection Fraction) from Singapore and New Zealand (2023)

Although HF medication use at baseline was high, most patients did not have these medications up-titrated over 6 months. Multiple clinical factors were associated with changes in medication dosages. Further research is urgently needed to investigate the causes of lack of up-titration of HF therapy (and its frequency), which could inform strategies for timely up-titration of HF therapy based on clinical and biochemical parameters.