gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pregnane X receptor activation induces FGF19-dependent tumor aggressiveness in humans and mice (2011)

The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) is activated by a range of xenochemicals, including chemotherapeutic drugs, and has been suggested to play a role in the development of tumor cell resistance to anticancer drugs. PXR also has been implicated as a regulator of the growth and apoptosis of colon tumors. Here, we have used a xenograft model of colon cancer to define a molecular mechanism that might underlie PXR-driven colon tumor growth and malignancy. Activation of PXR was found to be sufficient to enhance the neoplastic characteristics, including cell growth, invasion, and metastasis, of both human colon tumor cell lines and primary human colon cancer tissue xenografted into immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, we were able to show that this PXR-mediated phenotype required FGF19 signaling. PXR bound to the FGF19 promoter in both human colon tumor cells and "normal" intestinal crypt cells. However, while both cell types proliferated in response to PXR ligands, the FGF19 promoter was activated by PXR only in cancer cells. Taken together, these data indicate that colon cancer growth in the presence of a specific PXR ligand results from tumor-specific induction of FGF19. These observations may lead to improved therapeutic regimens for colon carcinomas.
Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni)-Enriched Diet on Hepatic Heat Shock Protein and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Heat Stressed Broiler Chickens (2017)

Heat stress (HS) has been reported to alter fat deposition in broilers, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well-defined. The objectives of the current study were, therefore: (1) to determine the effects of acute (2 h) and chronic (3 weeks) HS on the expression of key molecular signatures involved in hepatic lipogenic and lipolytic programs, and (2) to assess if diet supplementation with dried Noni medicinal plant (0.2% of the diet) modulates these effects. Broilers (480 males, 1 d) were randomly assigned to 12 environmental chambers, subjected to two environmental conditions (heat stress, HS, 35°C vs. thermoneutral condition, TN, 24°C) and fed two diets (control vs. Noni) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Feed intake and body weights were recorded, and blood and liver samples were collected at 2 h and 3 weeks post-heat exposure. HS depressed feed intake, reduced body weight, and up regulated the hepatic expression of heat shock protein HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 as well as key lipogenic proteins (fatty acid synthase, FASN; acetyl co-A carboxylase alpha, ACCα and ATP citrate lyase, ACLY). HS down regulated the hepatic expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (LIPC), but up-regulated ATGL. Although it did not affect growth performance, Noni supplementation regulated the hepatic expression of lipogenic proteins in a time- and gene-specific manner. Prior to HS, Noni increased ACLY and FASN in the acute and chronic experimental conditions, respectively. During acute HS, Noni increased ACCα, but reduced FASN and ACLY expression. Under chronic HS, Noni up regulated ACCα and FASN but it down regulated ACLY. <i>In vitro</i> studies, using chicken hepatocyte cell lines, showed that HS down-regulated the expression of ACCα, FASN, and ACLY. Treatment with quercetin, one bioactive ingredient in Noni, up-regulated the expression of ACCα, FASN, and ACLY under TN conditions, but it appeared to down-regulate ACCα and increase ACLY levels under HS exposure. In conclusion, our findings indicate that HS induces hepatic lipogenesis in chickens and this effect is probably mediated via HSPs. The modulation of hepatic HSP expression suggest also that Noni might be involved in modulating the stress response in chicken liver.
<title>Significance of chirp parameter for direct-detection free-space laser communication</title> (2001)

We investigate the influence of chirp on free-space laser communication systems employing optically preamplified direct-detection receivers. We analyze the changes of receiver sensitivities in the presence of chirp and optimize both the optical and electrical receiver bandwidth with regard to sensitivity. For return-to-zero (RZ) coding with 33% duty cycle the receiver sensitivity decreases due to spectral broadening of the received signal by typically 3 dB when the chirp parameter amounts to alphaequals5. For optimized bandwidths, the penalty can be kept as low as 1 dB. In contrast, in the case of non-return-to-zero coding, chirp can reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI), thus improving receiver performance due to a pulse compression effect. The gain in sensitivity can be as large as to 1.8 dB when the magnitude of the chirp is alphaequals4. A larger chirp decreases the receiver sensitivity. In the case of NRZ, the optimum receiver bandwidths are quite insensitive with regard to chirp.
Breaking Grain-128 with Dynamic Cube Attacks. (2010)

We present a new variant of cube attacks called a dynamic cube attack. Whereas standard cube attacks [4] find the key by solving a system of linear equations in the key bits, the new attack recovers the secret key by exploiting distinguishers obtained from cube testers. Dynamic cube attacks can create lower degree representations of the given cipher, which makes it possible to attack schemes that resist all previously known attacks. In this paper we concentrate on the well-known stream cipher Grain-128 [6], on which the best known key recovery attack [15] can recover only 2 key bits when the number of initialization rounds is decreased from 256 to 213. Our first attack runs in practical time complexity and recovers the full 128-bit key when the number of initialization rounds in Grain-128 is reduced to 207. Our second attack breaks a Grain-128 variant with 250 initialization rounds and is faster than exhaustive search by a factor of about 2. Finally, we present an attack on the full version of Grain-128 which can recover the full key but only when it belongs to a large subset of 2−10 of the possible keys. This attack is faster than exhaustive search over the 2 possible keys by a factor of about 2. All of our key recovery attacks are the best known so far, and their correctness was experimentally verified rather than extrapolated from smaller variants of the cipher. This is the first time that a cube attack was shown to be effective against the full version of a well known cipher which resisted all previous attacks.
Pressure Effects on the Rates of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ruthenium-Modified Cytochrome c. Role of the Intervening Medium in Tuning Distant Fe2+:Ru3+ Electronic Couplings (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPressure Effects on the Rates of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ruthenium-Modified Cytochrome c. Role of the Intervening Medium in Tuning Distant Fe2+:Ru3+ Electronic CouplingsMartin Meier, Rudi van Eldik, I Jy Chang, Gary A. Mines, Deborah S. Wuttke, Jay R. Winkler, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4, 1577–1578Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00083a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00083a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the efficiency of a general attack against the MOBS cryptosystem (2022)

All instances of the semidirect key exchange protocol, a generalisation of the famous Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, satisfy the so-called telescoping equality; in some cases, this equality has been used to construct an attack. In this report, we present computational evidence suggesting that an instance of the scheme called “MOBS (matrices over bitstrings)” is an example of a scheme where the telescoping equality has too many solutions to be a practically viable means to conduct an attack.
The hydrodynamic force and torque on a bounded sphere in Poiseuille flow (2001)

The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is used to study the hydrodynamic force and torque acting on a sphere held stationary between parallel plates in pressure-driven flow. This and associated flow configurations are explored in this paper. LB results are in excellent agreement with existing theory and numerical results for simple pressure-driven flow between parallel plates, for flow through a periodic medium of spheres [Zick AA, Homsy GM. Stokes flow through periodic arrays of spheres. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 1982; 115: 13], and for the force and torque acting on a sphere held fixed at the quarter vertical position in a pressure-driven flow between parallel plates. In the latter case, LB calculations reveal a screening effect caused by neighboring periodic images of the test sphere. It is shown that the test sphere is hydrodynamically decoupled from its periodic images when separated by approximately 30 sphere radii. LB results for force and torque as a function of sphere height and flow cell height are also reported. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOBORANES. 27. EXPLORATION OF SYNTHETIC PROCEDURES FOR THE PREPARATION OF F MONOISOPINOCAMPHEYLBORANE (1983)

Abstract Monoisopinocampheylboran (XI) ‐ ein chirales Reagenz zur Hydroborierung von sterisch gehinderten Olefinen, das in Lösung als Dimeres (V) vorliegt ‐ wird als Triethylamin‐Addukt (III) hergestellt, aus dem es durch BH 3 in THF oder Bortrifluorid‐etherat freigesetzt werden kann.
AUTOCRINE ACTIVATION OF p70S6K IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE STRETCH IN C2C12 MYOTUBES. (1998)

286 We have previously shown that the activation of the 70-KDa S6 kinase(p70S6K) is correlated with in vivo skeletal muscle hypertrophy. In order to determine whether the stimulus for p70S6K activation has a mechanical component, we performed a study on cultured murine skeletal muscle cells, in which the electrical and chemical inputs could be controlled. C2C12 myoblasts were seeded in silastic membrane wells, and cultured for 1 week until branching, multinucleated myotubes had formed. These myotubes were subjected to a computer generated stretching regimen consisting of sixty uniaxial stretches. The stretches were grouped into ten sets of six 12% stretches over 20 seconds with a 50 second rest interval. The cells were harvested immediately, 3 hours, or 24 hours following stretch. Immediately following stretch, there was a small increase in p70S6K activity (13.7±16%, NS). As with the in vivo model, maximal activation of p70S6K was not seen until 3 hours following stretch (75.9±16.6% increase) and was maintained elevated at 24 hours (58.4% increase). The time course of p70S6K activation suggested that an autocrine mechanism may be involved in the activation of p70S6K. To test this hypothesis, unstretched C2C12 myotubes were incubated with medium from the 3 hour post-stretch group for 10 minutes. Application of the conditioned medium resulted in the activation of p70S6K in unstretched myotubes (82.4% increase) to levels comparable to the 3 hour stretch group. These data indicate that p70S6K is activated in C2C12 myotubes in response to a mechanical stimulus, via a mechanism that most likely involves an autocrine signaling pathway.
Chemiluminescent spectra of alkali-halogen reactions (1974)

Using a beam-gas arrangement, we have obtained the chemiluminescence spectra of alkali-halogen reactions at pressures less than 1 mtorr. The spectra in general are characterized by a broad molecular feature on which are superimposed sharp atomic alkali transitions. Under higher resolution (better than 5 Å) the molecular feature consists of a single progression of regularly spaced peaks extending over several thousand angstroms. Spectra are presented for the chemiluminescent reactions M2+X2(XY) →MX*+MX(MY), where M2=K2, Rb2, Cs2 and X2(XY)=Cl2, Br2, I2, IBr, ICl, ClF. The MX* emitter is identified by comparison of the vibrationally resolved spectra with previous absorption and emission studies of the alkali halides. The spectra consist of transitions from the bound or quasibound vibrational levels of a shallow homopolar excited state to high-lying vibrational levels of the ionic ground state. Differences in the onsets and cutoffs between our spectra and those of flame studies are noted and rationalized in terms of the different effective rotational potentials describing the MX* emitters produced under the single-collision conditions employed here and under the conditions prevailing in flame studies. For the mixed halogen reactions, the MY ground state is the more stable salt molecule that can be formed from the halogen atoms of the XY pair. A four-center mechanism is deduced from the dependence of the chemiluminescent intensity on reagent concentrations. The observed atomic emission apparently results from a different mechanism. While the alkali reactions with F2 do not yield appreciable molecular emission, atomic transitions from high Rydberg levels are prominent for these reaction systems. Both atomic and molecular chemiluminescence are shown to be consistent with electron-jump mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthetic Approach to Optically Active Iridoid Aglycones. The Total Syntheses of β‐Ethyl Descarbomethoxyverbenalol, Ethyl Catalpol, and (‐)‐Specionin. (1988)

Abstract A combination of Ireland‐Claisen rearrangement and nitrile oxide cycloaddition permits the facile anellation of a highly functionalized cyclopentane ring onto the trans‐glycal (I) derived from D‐xylal.
Two-dimensional CFD modelling of gas-decompression behaviour (2013)

ONE OF THE key issues in the design and construction of any gas pipeline is the prevention of material fracture. Since the gas is generally transported under high operating pressures, it must be ensured that the gas pipeline is sufficiently tough to arrest the propagation of any potential fracture. For several decades, control of gas pipeline fracture propagation has been under scrutiny due to economic considerations and ecological and safety hazards related to pressurised pipe failure. The Battelle Two Curve approach has been widely used to determine the minimum material arrest toughness by comparing the gas decompression wave velocity with the fracture velocity, both as functions of the local gas pressure. Sufficient knowledge of the gas decompression behavior following the rupture is therefore crucial in determining running fracture arrest toughness levels. The decompression behaviour is influenced by the operating conditions, fluid composition and the material properties of the pipeline itself. This paper describes a two-dimensional decompression model developed using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent. The GERG-2008 Equation of State has been implemented into this model to simulate the rapid decompression of common natural gas mixtures. The evolution of the decompression wave speed and phase changes under arbitrary initial conditions is reported. Comparison with experimental results obtained from shock tube tests showed good agreement between simulation and experiment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Stimuli Responsive Block Copolymers, Self-Assembly Behavior and Applications (2005)

The central theme of this thesis work is to develop new block copolymer materials for biomedical applications. While there are many reports of stimuli-responsive amphiphilic [19-21] and crosslinked hydrogel materials [22], the development of an in situ gel forming, pH responsive pentablock copolymer is a novel contribution to the field, Figure 1.1 is a sketch of an ABCBA pentablock copolymer. The A blocks are cationic tertiary amine methacrylates blocked to a central Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer. In addition to the prerequisite synthetic and macromolecular characterization of these new materials, the self-assembled supramolecular structures formed by the pentablock were experimentally evaluated. This synthesis and characterization process serves to elucidate the important structure property relationships of these novel materials, The pH and temperature responsive behavior of the pentablock copolymer were explored especially with consideration towards injectable drug delivery applications. Future synthesis work will focus on enhancing and tuning the cell specific targeting of DNA/pentablock copolymer polyplexes. The specific goals of this research are: (1) Develop a synthetic route for gel forming pentablock block copolymers with pH and temperature sensitive properties. Synthesis of these novel copolymers is accomplished with ATRP, yielding low polydispersity and control of the block copolymer architecture. Well defined macromolecular characteristics are required to tailor the phase behavior of these materials. (2) Characterize relationship between the size and shape of pentablock copolymer micelles and gel structure and the pH and temperature of the copolymer solutions with SAXS, SANS and CryoTEM. (3) Evaluate the temperature and pH induced phase separation and macroscopic self-assembly phenomenon of the pentablock copolymer. (4) Utilize the knowledge gained from first three goals to design and formulate drug delivery formulations based on the multi-responsive properties of the pentablock copolymer. Demonstrate potential biomedical applications of these materials with in vitro drug release studies from pentablock copolymer hydrogels. The intent of this work is to contribute to the knowledge necessary for further tailoring of these, and other functional block copolymer materials for biomedical applications.
Evaluation of the nature of mildly prolonged prothrombin times (1987)

Twenty-one asymptomatic individuals with a mildly prolonged prothrombin time (greater than 2 SD from the prothrombin time of the reference plasma) were found to have a mild isolated factor VII (F VII) defect (mean 38.8 U/dl; SD 13.2). Factor VII antigen levels were also found to be reduced (mean 45.5 U/dl; SD 7.8) in 13 of them. These figures were compared with those of 50 normals and 28 obligatory heterozygotes for F VII deficiency. The phenotypical behaviors in the propositi were found to be equal to those of the F VII congenital deficiency heterozygotes: the discrepant one (VII+) and the nondiscrepant one (VII-/R). Fifteen families of the propositi could also be studied, totalling 55 additional individuals; in 25 of them (ten pedigrees) a mild F VII deficiency was found showing the same phenotypical features of the corresponding propositi. We therefore believe that these individuals with mild F VII deficiency can be considered as heterozygotes for the defect, since the other vitamin K-dependent clotting factors were normal; the defect is transmitted throughout the kindred with the same mode of inheritance as F VII congenital deficiency; and F VII:C and F VII:Ag levels are highly comparable with those of known obligatory heterozygotes for F VII deficiency. On the grounds of a careful statistical analysis we propose a formula which allows a discrimination between the two phenotypes of the heterozygotes for F VII congenital deficiency. In addition it is suggested that sensitive tissue thromboplastins should be used to pick up these mild defects.
Both Hyaluronan and Collagen Type II Keep Proteoglycan 4 (Lubricin) at the Cartilage Surface in a Condition That Provides Low Friction during Boundary Lubrication (2014)

Wear resistant and ultralow friction in synovial joints is the outcome of a sophisticated synergy between the major macromolecules of the synovial fluid, e.g., hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), with collagen type II fibrils and other non-collagenous macromolecules of the cartilage superficial zone (SZ). This study aimed at better understanding the mechanism of PRG4 localization at the cartilage surface. We show direct interactions between surface bound HA and freely floating PRG4 using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Freely floating PRG4 was also shown to bind with surface bound collagen type II fibrils. Albumin, the most abundant protein of the synovial fluid, effectively blocked the adsorption of PRG4 with HA, through interaction with C and N terminals on PRG4, but not that of PRG4 with collagen type II fibrils. The above results indicate that collagen type II fibrils strongly contribute in keeping PRG4 in the SZ during cartilage articulation in situ. Furthermore, PRG4 molecules adsorbed very well on mimicked SZ of absorbed HA molecules with entangled collagen type II fibrils and albumin was not able to block this interaction. In this last condition PRG4 adsorption resulted in a coefficient of friction (COF) of the same order of magnitude as the COF of natural cartilage, measured with an atomic force microscope in lateral mode.
Selective Antibody-Catalyzed Solvolysis of endo-2-Norbornyl Mesylate (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelective Antibody-Catalyzed Solvolysis of endo-2-Norbornyl MesylateLifu Ma, Elizabeth H. Sweet, and Peter G. SchultzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 43, 10227–10228Publication Date (Web):October 16, 1999Publication History Received19 March 1999Published online16 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja990896bCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (78 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Cations,Immunology,Peptides and proteins,Solvolysis Get e-Alerts