gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single step calcium sulfate scale removal at high temperature using tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate with potassium carbonate (2022)

Calcium sulfate (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) scale has been identified as one of the most common scales contributing to several serious operating problems in oil and gas wells and water injectors. Removing this scale is considered an economically feasible process in most cases as it enhances the productivity of wells and prevents potential severe equipment damage. In this study, a single-step method utilizing potassium carbonate and tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (K4-EDTA) at high temperature (200 °F) has been used to remove CaSO<sub>4</sub> scale. The CaSO<sub>4</sub> scale was converted to calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) and potassium sulfate (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) using a conversion agent, potassium carbonate (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), at a high temperature (200 °F) and under various pH conditions. Various parameters were investigated to obtain a dissolver composition at which the optimum dissolution efficiency is achieved including the effect of dissolver pH, soaking time, the concentration of K4-EDTA, the concentration of potassium carbonate (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), temperature impact and agitation effect. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray crystallography, ion chromatography, stability tests and corrosion tests were carried out to test the end product of the process and showcase the stability of the dissolver at high temperature conditions. A reaction product (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) was obtained in most of the tests with different quantities and was soluble in both water and HCl. It was observed that the dissolver solution was effective at low pH (7) and resulted in a negligible amount of reaction product with 3 wt% CaSO<sub>4</sub> dissolution. The 10.5-pH dissolver was effective in most of the cases and provided highest dissolution efficiency. The reaction product has been characterized and showed it is not corrosive. Both 7-pH and 10.5-pH dissolvers showed high stability at high temperature and minimum corrosion rates. The single step dissolution process showed its effectiveness and could potentially save significant pumping time if implemented in operation.
Polyester Dendritic Systems for Drug Delivery Applications:  Design, Synthesis, and Characterization (2002)

Attachment of drugs to high molecular weight polymers can significantly improve both tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect observed in tumor tissue. However, the commercial availability of well-defined water-soluble polymeric systems with narrow polydispersities that are biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic is rather limited. To address this need, we have investigated dendritic polymers as promising scaffolds for the preparation of new soluble polymeric drug carriers due to their well-defined molecular architecture and their multiplicity of surface sites. Herein we show the design and synthesis of dendritic polyester systems based on the monomer unit 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid as a possible versatile drug carrier. The potent anticancer drug doxorubicin was attached via a pH-sensitive linkage to one of the carriers presented, demonstrating the feasibility of using these polyester dendritic structures to prepare a viable polymer-drug conjugate.
Tiltmeter: Tilting at great depths to find oil (1997)

This paper describes a tiltmeter sensor that has electrodes so the circuitry can detect bubble position. Self-leveling mechanisms allowed for a smaller tiltmeter design. Other features include an electronic compass for instrument orientation, a downhole analog-digital converter to reduce electronic noise, and an internal data logger with a large memory.
Laser Light Sheet Flow Visualization of the Space Launch System Booster Separation Test (2019)

Planar flow visualizations were obtained in a wind tunnel test in the NASA Langley Research Center’s Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel using the laser-light-sheet method. This method uses a laser to illuminate fine particles generated in the wind tunnel to visualize flow structures. The test article was designed to simulate the separation of the two solid rocket boosters (SRBs) from the core stage of the NASA Space Launch System (SLS) at Mach 4 using a scale model. The test was run on of the SLS Block 1B Cargo (27005) configuration and the SLS Block 1B Crew (28005) configuration. Planar flow visualization was obtained only on the crew configuration. Air at pressures up to 1500 psi was used to simulate plumes from the booster separation motors (BSMs) located at the nose, and aft skirt of the two boosters. The facility free stream was seeded with water vapor, which condensed and froze into small ice crystals in the tunnel nozzle expansion. A continuous wave green (532 nm) laser sheet was used to illuminate the ice crystals, and the resulting Mie-scattered light was collected with a camera. The resulting images clearly identify shock waves and other flow features including BSM plume shapes. Measurements were acquired for different BSM pressures and booster separation locations.
Wavelength Multiplexed Spectral Interferometry for Endoscopic Topographic Imaging (2005)

We present an imaging system for endoscopic topography. This system couples wavelength multiplexing and spectral interferometry what allows for monomode fibre use as the imaging transmission channel. Results and limits will be presented after the main principles.
An approach to modular and testable security models of real-world health-care applications (2011)

We present a generic modular policy modelling framework and instantiate it with a substantial case study for model-based testing of some key security mechanisms of applications and services of the NPfIT. NPfIT, the National Programme for IT, is a very large-scale development project aiming to modernise the IT infrastructure of the NHS in England. Consisting of heterogeneous and distributed applications, it is an ideal target for model-based testing techniques of a large system exhibiting critical security features.
Gastrointestinal surgery in very low birth weight infants: Clinical characteristics (2009)

Purpose : To report our experience of gastrointestinal (GI) operations (OP) performed in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and to evaluate their clinical characteristics. Methods : Among the 1,117 VLBWI admitted to the SMC neonatal intensive care unit from November 1994 to February 2007, the medical records of 37 infants who underwent GI OP (except inguinal hernia OP) and 1,080 VLBWI without GI OP were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The mean gestational age () and birth weight (979241 g vs. 1,071271 g) of the 37 VLBWI who underwent the GI OP was lower than the VLBWI without GI OP group (n=1,080). Mortality rates in the GI OP group were significantly higher than in the non GI OP group (28% vs. 15%, P
State-of-the-art in protocol research for underwater acoustic sensor networks (2006)

In this paper, architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed. A detailed overview on the current solutions for medium access control, network, and transport layer protocols are given and open research issues are discussed.
Circadian changes of blood pressure in the elderly with Alzheimer's type dementia. (1990)

We evaluated the circadian changes of blood pressure in the elderly with Alzheimer's type dementia with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM-630, Nihon Colin, Aichi, Japan). Blood pressure and heart rate were high in the daytime and low in the nighttime in the elderly without dementia. Blood pressure did not decrease in the nighttime in the elderly with dementia, although heart rate decreased. Thus, the circadian rhythm of blood pressure was selectively impaired in the elderly with Alzheimer's type dementia.
Widely tunable single-frequency erbium-doped fiber lasers (2003)

In this letter, we report on experimental results on a 70-nm-wide quasi-continuously tunable single-frequency erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, in which the laser produced a single-longitudinal mode oscillation between 1510-1580 nm, an output power of 0.5 mW, and a tuning step of about 25 MHz. The cavity incorporates three tunable bandpass filters (TBFs): a bulk-grating-based TBF, a fiber-ring-cavity filter, and an autotracking saturable absorption-induced grating filter generated by an unpumped EDF. This laser had a frequency drift of 100 MHz and a signal-to-source spontaneous emission ratio higher than 60 dB.
Abstract 2123: Reprogramming of myeloid and lymphoid cells in vitro by the HDAC6 selective inhibitor ITF3756 (2022)

Abstract Anti tumor immune response is driven by the concerted action of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Tumor cells have evolved to shape an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) where the antitumor immune response is dampened in several ways. For instance, local release of cytokines such as TNF-α, leads to the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor, myeloid and T cells, thereby triggering local immune suppression through the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Strategies aimed at downregulating the suppressor activity of myeloid cells and at reinvigorating T cell effector functions are a promising approach to drive an effective innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune response. HDAC6 is a member of the Zn-dependent histone deacetylase family of enzymes with peculiar structure and functions, that orchestrates key processes in both innate and adaptive immune cells. Inhibition of HDAC6 enzymatic activity inhibits cytokine-dependent expression of PD-L1 and upregulates the expression of surface molecules involved in T cell activation. Thus, HDAC6 inhibition represents a new approach to enhance antitumor immune response. Here we report the in vitro activity of one of our potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors, ITF3756, on human monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells. Through the upregulation of co-stimulatory and the downregulation of inhibitory molecules, ITF3756 increased allogenic T cell proliferation induced by monocytes stimulated with TNF-α in a way comparable to an anti PD-L1 antibody. Dendritic cells differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of ITF3756 were also more efficient in stimulating allogeneic T cell proliferation. ITF3756 decreased the expression of PD-L1 both in TNF-α activated monocytes and in immature DCs. The effect of ITF3756 on PD-L1 expression was dose dependent and required the continuous presence of ITF3756 for at least 12 hours to achieve the best effect, as determined by washout experiments. CD8 T cell differentiation and exhaustion phenotypes were also modulated by ITF3756. In an in vitro model mimicking the exhaustion process, ITF3756 drove the differentiation of CD8 T cells towards a central memory phenotype and reduced the expression of effector memory markers and the exhaustion markers PD-1 and LAG3. These results were corroborated by qPCR and RNAseq analyses. ITF3756-exposed CD8 T cells had also a higher expression of IFN-γ and Granzyme b. Taken together, these results indicate that ITF3756 can modulate the activity of both myeloid and lymphoid cells and stimulate immune recognition and function. Citation Format: Chiara Ripamonti, Andrea Stevenazzi, Barbara Vergani, Giovanni Sandrone, Mattia Marchini, Christian Steinkuhler, Gianluca Fossati. Reprogramming of myeloid and lymphoid cells in vitro by the HDAC6 selective inhibitor ITF3756 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2123.
The BioPrompt-box: an ontology-based clustering tool for searching in biological databases (2007)

Bpb is a powerful search engine that makes it very easy to perform complex queries over the indexed databanks (currently only UNIPROT is considered). The ontology-based clustering approach is efficient and effective, and could thus be applied successfully to larger databanks, like GenBank or EMBL.
The multipole resonance probe: characterization of a prototype (2011)

The multipole resonance probe (MRP) was recently proposed as an economical and industry compatible plasma diagnostic device (Lapke et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 051502). This communication reports the experimental characterization of a first MRP prototype in an inductively coupled argon/nitrogen plasma at 10 Pa. The behavior of the device follows the predictions of both an analytical model and a numerical simulation. The obtained electron densities are in excellent agreement with the results of Langmuir probe measurements.
Urinary type IV collagenase: elevated levels are associated with bladder transitional cell carcinoma. (1993)

Accumulating experimental evidence has linked the overproduction of extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases with tumor cell invasion. In the present study one member of the metalloproteinase family, type IV collagenase (M(r) 72,000 gelatinase), is shown to be elevated in the urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The form of the enzyme in the urine was studied by three independent methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western immunoblotting; and gelatin zymography. Immunoblotting revealed that the enzyme was present as a series of fragments, each retaining the amino terminus of the mature proenzyme. A prominent M(r) 43,000 fragment was associated with the transitional cell carcinoma cases. Zymography demonstrated that multiple enzyme species with gelatinase activity were present in urine and that high-molecular-weight bands of substrate lysis corresponded to complexes between type IV collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. The total amount of type IV collagenase antigen was significantly elevated in the urine of 37 transitional cell carcinoma patients (range, 0-1081 ng/ml; mean, 318.4 +/- 147.3) compared to 19 normal controls (P < or = 0.004) and 17 inflammatory disease controls (P < or = 0.011). Immunohistochemical staining of bladder tumor biopsies verified that the transitional cell carcinoma cells were producing the M(r) 72,000 enzyme. Thus, M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase, which is present in the urine in many forms including fragments and complexes with inhibitors, may be a useful marker for bladder cancer diagnosis or prognosis.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Autologous T Cells—The Ultimate Personalized Drug for the Immunotherapy of Human Cancer (2015)

The article by Rosenberg and colleagues, which was published in the July 1, 2011, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, demonstrated the power of the adoptive transfer of autologous antitumor T cells to mediate the complete, durable, and likely curative regression of cancer in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic melanoma. It also provided a stimulus to the development of cell transfer approaches for other cancer types using both natural and genetically engineered lymphocytes.
CWDM vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array spanning 140 nm of the C, S, and L fiber transmission bands (2004)

We demonstrate record wavelength span from an 8-channel WDM VCSEL array operating CW to 65/spl deg/C from 1470 to 1610 nm with precise 20-nm channel spacing. Devices are fabricated using nonplanar wafer bonding and fully-oxidized DBRs.
Ultrafast Phase Comparator for Phase-Locked Loop-Based Optoelectronic Clock Recovery Systems (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The authors report on a novel application of a <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\chi^{(2)}$</tex></formula> nonlinear optical device as an ultrafast phase comparator, an essential element that allows an optoelectronic phase-locked loop to perform clock recovery of ultrahigh-speed optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) signals. Particular interest is devoted to a quasi-phase-matching adhered-ridge-waveguide periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) device, which shows a sufficient high temporal resolution to resolve a 640 Gbits OTDM signal. </para>
Correlating the Mechanical Properties of a Continuous Fiber‐Reinforced Ceramic‐Matrix Composite to the Sliding Resistance of the Fibers (1991)

The sliding resistance of NICALON fibers (SiC) in a lithium aluminosilicate (LAS III) glass‐ceramic matrix has been correlated with the mechanical properties of the composite. Push‐down measurements of the sliding resistance for individual fibers show an order of magnitude increase when the ceramic composite is annealed in air for 4 h at 800°C. Such increases are correlated with a loss of toughness, a reduction in the ultimate strength, and an increase in the matrix cracking stress of the composite, as measured using tension tests and bend tests of bulk samples.
Scientific evidence supporting computer-assisted surgery and minimally invasive surgery for total knee arthroplasty (2007)

This review provides an overview of the field of minimally invasive surgery and computer-assisted surgery for total knee arthroplasty. The authors have examined the complete body of literature for scientific evidence supporting the use of these new technologies and how the literature specifically supports commonly asked questions. There is controversy concerning the benefits of minimally invasive surgery and computer-assisted surgery for total knee arthroplasty. However, in most studies the results are similar for minimally invasive surgery compared to standard approaches. Computer-assisted navigation has been found in some studies to improve radiographic alignment of total knee arthroplasty. The authors believe that there is evidence for both technologies to be at least equivalent in terms of results, as well as expectations of increased success with the techniques. Both technologies have led manufacturers to invest more effort into newer prosthetic instrumentations and designs to facilitate these techniques.
Generalized block space-time trellis codes: set-partitioning and code design (2005)

We develop algorithms to efficiently build trellises for various full-rate MIMO codes. By full-rate, we refer to codes for multiple antenna systems whose rate scales with the minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas, e.g., BLAST and the linear dispersion codes of Hassibi and Hochwald. This is in part inspired by the so-called super-orthogonal codes, which build efficient trellises on orthogonal block space-time codes (e.g. the Alamouti code). Unfortunately that approach cannot be directly transferred to a code with insufficient structure, because set partitioning over an irregular set, such as the one represented by an arbitrary space-time code, is not straightforward. The central contribution of this paper is an efficient set partitioning algorithm for an arbitrary set. We then built trellises for the resulting set partitions and demonstrate via simulations the gains obtained by such trellis codes.
Analysing character shapes by string matching techniques (1993)

INTRODUCTION Characters are carefully designed shapes incorporating both the design ideas of a skilled character designer [1] and the rules related to visual appearance. The visual appearance of printed characters is the result of many interacting factors: the design intentions of the type designer, the artistic creation of the different character shapes as typeface masters, the font industrialization, rendering and printing processes and, last but not least, the way the characters are perceived by human beings (Figure 1). In the last decade, the font acquisition, industrialization and rendering processes have been computerized, without however significantly modifying the way in which characters are created. The majority of type designers still hide their design intentions within manual or computer-aided type creations generally represented by contours, and filled using either black ink or a computer. By presenting the result of the design process as large size master chara
Sub-wavelength InAs quantum dot micro-disk lasers epitaxially grown on exact Si (001) substrates (2016)

Subwavelength micro-disk lasers (MDLs) as small as 1 μm in diameter on exact (001) silicon were fabricated using colloidal lithography. The micro-cavity gain medium incorporating five-stacked InAs quantum dot layers was grown on a high crystalline quality GaAs-on-V-grooved-Si template with no absorptive intermediate buffers. Under continuous-wave optical pumping, the MDLs on silicon exhibit lasing in the 1.2-μm wavelength range with low thresholds down to 35 μW at 10 K. The MDLs compare favorably with devices fabricated on native GaAs substrates and state-of-the-art work reported elsewhere. Feasibility of device miniaturization can be projected by size-dependent lasing characteristics. The results show a promising path towards dense integration of photonic components on the mainstream complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor platform.
Thermomechanical processing of tungsten-copper composites (1996)

A tungsten-40 wt% Cu composite was consolidated by liquid-phase sintering and further processed to full density by a number of deformation methods. Fully dense materials were obtained by hot extrusion or cold rolling of the W-Cu composite. Subsequent processing by cold rolling, cold swaging, or hot swaging did not produce large changes in the aspect ratio of the W particles. The materials develop high hardness with small grain sizes of 5 {mu}m or less. The work-hardening, recrystallization, and grain growth of the material are characterized, and the hardness and tensile properties are related to processing parameters. Wire with tensile strengths up to 1120 MPa were produced. Further improvements in properties are anticipated with optimized processing parameters.
Current tobacco use is associated with higher rates of implant revision and deep infection after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study (2015)

We noted that current tobacco use was associated with high risk of deep infection and implant revision after primary THA or TKA. Future studies should determine the optimal time for tobacco use cessation before elective surgeries such as THA and TKA to improve short-term and long-term arthroplasty outcomes.
An alternative strategy for sustainable pest resistance in genetically enhanced crops (2005)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein genes encode insecticidal delta-endotoxins that are widely used for the development of insect-resistant crops. In this article, we describe an alternative transgenic strategy that has the potential to generate broader and more sustainable levels of resistance against insect pests. Our strategy involves engineering plants with a fusion protein combining the delta-endotoxin Cry1Ac with the galactose-binding domain of the nontoxic ricin B-chain (RB). This fusion, designated BtRB, provides the toxin with additional, binding domains, thus increasing the potential number of interactions at the molecular level in target insects. Transgenic rice and maize plants engineered to express the fusion protein were significantly more toxic in insect bioassays than those containing the Bt gene alone. They were also resistant to a wider range of insects, including important pests that are not normally susceptible to Bt toxins. The potential impact of fusion genes such as BtRB in terms of crop improvement, resistance sustainability, and biosafety is discussed.