gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Hydraulic Fracturing Package Fit for Arctic Conditions Improves Operational Efficiency and Fracture Conductivity and Enhances Production in Western Siberia (2006)

Abstract The extreme weather, the poor road conditions, the use of a wide variety of local river and produced waters, and the time-consuming batch mixing operations of tons of gel prior to the operation make each fracturing job in Siberia a real challenge. In a market where production needs are growing, efficiency and streamlined operations are required to enable a higher utilization rate and maintain execution quality. This paper introduces a new system where engineered polymer-based fracturing fluid and mixing equipment were integrated. While the conventional fracturing systems employ either batch mixing of gel for hours prior to the operation, or continuous mixing using polymer slurries suspended in hydrocarbon, the solution introduces mixing on-the-fly of all the streams, including the dry polymer, the crosslinker, and the activator streams. This significantly reduces the duration of each treatment. With the utilization of high yielding polymer, the new technology allows a reduction in polymer loading close to 20%, which translates to an increase in proppant pack conductivity of up to 10%, and thus an increase in productivity. The new technology introduces blends, allowing increased simplicity and improved reliability. The enhanced utilization of dry chemicals in an environment of sub-freezing temperatures also contributes to the operational simplicity. The system incorporates a robust chemistry with reduced sensitivity to additive concentrations and improved compatibility with local waters. The system has a broad application temperature range from 37°C to 149°C. As of today, 143 treatments have been successfully performed in the Priobskoe region of western Siberia with the integrated solution using various fields mixing waters. The duration of treatments has been reduced on average by 8 h, while 100% of the proppant was placed in 88% of the cases. The new fluid system has further allowed a decrease in polymer loading of 17% during the treatments.
Rare Class Detection in Networks (2015)

The problem of node classification in networks is an important one in a wide variety of social networking domains. In many real applications such as product recommendations, the class of interest may be very rare. In such scenarios, it is often very difficult to learn the most relevant node classification characteristics, both because of the paucity of training data, and because of poor connectivity among rare class nodes in the network structure. Node classification methods crucially dependent upon structural homophily, and a lack of connectivity among rare class nodes can create significant challenges. However, many such social networks are content-rich, and the content-rich nature of such networks can be leveraged to compensate for the lack of structural connectivity among rare class nodes. While content-centric and semi-supervised methods have been used earlier in the context of paucity of labeled data, the rare class scenario has not been investigated in this context. In fact, we are not aware of any known classification method which is tailored towards rare class detection in networks. This paper will present a spectral approach for rare-class detection, which uses a distance-preserving transform, in order to combine the structural information in the network with the available content. We will show the advantage of this approach over traditional methods for collective classification.
Aberrant S-nitrosylation mediates calcium-triggered ventricular arrhythmia in the intact heart (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) is involved in S-nitrosylation of key sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) handling proteins. Deficient S-nitrosylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) has a variable effect on SR Ca(2+) leak/sparks in isolated myocytes, likely dependent on the underlying physiological state. It remains unknown, however, whether such molecular aberrancies are causally related to arrhythmogenesis in the intact heart. Here we show in the intact heart, reduced NOS1 activity increased Ca(2+)-mediated ventricular arrhythmias only in the setting of elevated myocardial [Ca(2+)](i). These arrhythmias arose from increased spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release, resulting from a combination of decreased RyR2 S-nitrosylation (RyR2-SNO) and increased RyR2 oxidation (RyR-SOx) (i.e., increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) from xanthine oxidoreductase activity) and could be suppressed with xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibition (i.e., allopurinol) or nitric oxide donors (i.e., S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO). Surprisingly, we found evidence of NOS1 down-regulation of RyR2 phosphorylation at the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) site (S2814), suggesting molecular cross-talk between nitrosylation and phosphorylation of RyR2. Finally, we show that nitroso-redox imbalance due to decreased NOS1 activity sensitizes RyR2 to a severe arrhythmic phenotype by oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that nitroso-redox imbalance is an important mechanism of ventricular arrhythmias in the intact heart under disease conditions (i.e., elevated [Ca(2+)](i) and oxidative stress), and that therapies restoring nitroso-redox balance in the heart could prevent sudden arrhythmic death.
Glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle. Amino acid sequence at the sites phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3, and extension of the N-terminal sequence containing the site phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase. (1980)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates three serine residues on glycogen synthase (sites 3a, 3b and 3c) which are all located in the same nine-amino-acid segment of the polypeptide chain. The sequence in this region is: Arg-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Pro-Pro-Ser(P)-Pro-Ser-Leu-Ser(P)-Arg-. These serine residues are distinct from the sites phosphorylated preferentially by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (sites 1a and 1b) and phosphorylase kinase (site 2). The N-terminal sequence of glycogen synthase containing the serine residue phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase has been extended. The sequence in this region is: Pro-Leu-Ser-Arg-Thr-Leu-Ser(P)-Val-Ser-Ser-Leu-Pro-Gly-Leu-Glu-Asp-Trp-Glu-Asp- Glu-Phe-Asp-Leu-Glu-Asn-Ser-Val-Leu-Phe-(Asx2,Glx2,Ala2,Val2,Lys)-. The similarity to the N-terminal sequence of phosphorylase is confined to the immediate vicinity of the phosphorylation site (residues 4--15). The relationship of glycogen synthase kinase-3 to glycogen synthase kinases that have been described by other laboratories is discussed.
Treatment of the Neurologic Manifestations of Wilson's Disease-Reply (1995)

<h3>In reply</h3> The main point of the letter by Scheinberg and Sternlieb seems to be that penicillamine is an excellent therapy most of the time for patients with Wilson's disease who present with neurologic disease and, when it is not, injections with British anti-Lewisite are often helpful. The apparent implication is that, in their hands, problems with initial therapy are so few that development of an additional agent for this purpose, such as the tetrathiomolybdate therapy that we reported,<sup>1</sup>is not worthwhile. The major problem with the assertions of Scheinberg and Sternlieb is that they are based on the notoriously inaccurate "clinical impression" rather than on rigorously established scientific fact. For example, they say that for 35 years "ourselves, or as consultants to other physicians, have prescribed initial treatment with penicillamine for hundreds of patients." Specifically, how many patients is "hundreds"?A scientific study would not say "hundreds," but would
Electrical properties of high-temperature superconductors at microwave frequencies (1989)

The surface resistance of polycrystalline high-temperature superconductors are presented at microwave frequencies. Several cavities were used to span the frequency range from 100 Mhz to 26 GHz. Surface resistance was observed to increase with frequency and rf magnetic field. Potential applications are discussed in terms of the electrical properties and the ability to fabricate materials into useful geometries. 23 refs., 8 figs.
Health-aware Model Predictive Control of Wind Turbines using Fatigue Prognosis (2015)

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Sánchez, H. E., Escobet, T., Puig, V., Fogh, P. Health-aware model predictive control of wind turbines using fatigue prognosis. "International journal of adaptive control and signal processing", 1 Abril 2018, vol. 32, núm. 4, p. 614-627, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acs.2784. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions
Liquid crystals in dilute mixed emulsifier sodium lauryl sulfate/fatty alcohol solutions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid crystals in dilute mixed emulsifier sodium lauryl sulfate/fatty alcohol solutionsC. D. Lack, M. S. El-Aasser, C. A. Silebi, J. W. Vanderhoff, and F. M. FowkesCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 6, 1155–1160Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00078a050https://doi.org/10.1021/la00078a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections identified by image cytometry and other parameters for CMV infection (1990)

Abstract. Thirty-eight renal transplant recipients were followed during the first 3 months after transplantation. Once weekly, cultures of urine and buffy coat for cytomegalovirus (CMV) were taken and an immunocytochemical assay for immediate early antigens of CMV (IEA assay) was performed. Thirty patients had evidence of a CMV infection and 11 had a symptomatic CMV infection. All symptomatic patients had one or more positive urine cultures or a positive IEA assay. However, 15 patients with positive urine cultures and 12 patients with a positive IEA assay lacked any signs of symptomatic CMV disease. Moreover, 6 out of 15 patients with positive buffy coat cultures for CMV did not have symptomatic CMV disease. Using a computerized system to quantify IEA-positive granulocytes, we show that the absolute number of positive cells per million correlates very well with the occurrence of symptomatic CMV disease.
Reversible infertility in male mice after oral administration of alkylated imino sugars: A nonhormonal approach to male contraception (2002)

During mammalian spermatogenesis, male germ cells undergo a dramatic transformation, which includes a change of shape, nuclear condensation, and development of specialised structures, such as an acrosome, and a flagellum with a mitochondrial sheath. We have found a previously undescribed pharmacological approach to intervene in these events. After oral administration of the alkylated imino sugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) to mice, epididymal spermatozoa displayed a spectrum of abnormal head shapes, and acrosomal antigens were mostly absent or displayed irregular patterns. In addition, the mitochondria of these cells often had an aberrant morphology, and were arranged in relatively short and wide mitochondrial sheaths. The motility of the affected spermatozoa was severely impaired. After 3 weeks of administration of NB-DNJ, male mice became sterile, and regained their fertility during the fourth week off drug. The NB-DNJ-induced infertility was not associated with a reduction in the serum testosterone level. Biochemically, the capacity of imino sugars to impair spermatogenesis was associated with their potential to attenuate the biosynthesis of glucosylceramide-based sphingolipids. Our study reveals that male fertility is affected by partial glycosphingolipid depletion, or, alternatively, by a distinct as yet unidentified property that is shared by alkylated imino sugars that inhibit glucosylceramide biosynthesis. These compounds therefore may be new leads in the development of a male contraceptive, especially because NB-DNJ has already been through extensive evaluation in various mammals, including man.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis (2020)

These data suggest caution in reliance on LGE or a qualitative T2-STIR-only approach for the exclusion of ICI-associated myocarditis.
Determining cardiac velocity fields and intraventricular pressure distribution from a sequence of ultrafast CT cardiac images (1994)

A method of computing the velocity field and pressure distribution from a sequence of ultrafast CT (UFCT) cardiac images is demonstrated. UFCT multi-slice cine imaging gives a series of tomographic slices covering the volume of the heart at a rate of 17 frames per second. The complete volume data set can be modeled using equations of continuum theory and through regularization, velocity vectors of both blood and tissue can be determined at each voxel in the volume. The authors present a technique to determine the pressure distribution throughout the volume of the left ventricle using the computed velocity field. A numerical algorithm is developed by discretizing the pressure Poisson equation (PPE), which Is based on the Navier-Stokes equation. The algorithm is evaluated using a mathematical phantom of known velocity and pressure-Couette flow. It is shown that the algorithm based on the PPE can reconstruct the pressure distribution using only the velocity data. Furthermore, the PPE is shown to be robust in the presence of noise. The velocity field and pressure distribution derived from a UFCT study of a patient are also presented.
Biodiesel Production Technology with Waste and Unused Oils (2011)

Biodiesel as fatty acid methyl esters is an alternative for fossil diesel that is commercially produced by transesterification of oils with methanol under vigorous stirring with an alkaline catalyst. This is because oils and methanol cannot be miscible each other to have two phase reaction system. For further dissemination, waste oils and unused plant oils with toxic substances should be efficiently used as biodiesel. However, the alkali-catalyzed method is not simply applicable to the lower-grade waste oils, because such oils contain not only triglycerides as major component but also free fatty acids as minor component, the latter of which reacts with alkaline catalyst to produce saponified products. Therefore, non-catalytic supercritical methanol methods such as one-step supercritical methanol method (Saka Process) and two-step supercritical methanol method (Saka-Dadan Process) have been developed. By these methods, transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of free fatty acids proceed simultaneously without any catalysts, because the ionic products of methanol is increased in its supercritical condition, while a dielectric constant of methanol is decreased such that triglycerides and methanol can become miscible each other in its supercritical state and its reactivity can be tremendously enhanced. After completion of its reaction, however, fatty acid methyl esters as biodiesel can be phase-separated from methanol in an ordinary condition. Thus, pure biodiesel can be readily achieved. Such attracting behaviors of supercritical fluid technology were discussed to overcome problems in two-phase reaction system in the alkali-catalyzed method.
Performance Requirements for Cough Classifiers in Real-World Applications (2020)

In the context of monitoring respiratory diseases, an unobtrusive cough monitor is an attractive tool. Preferably, such tool requires little or no customization. We address the question of the feasibility of such a device. A large database of sounds including coughs and other events was available. Using deep learning, a general cough classifier was constructed. The plug-and-play feasibility of such cough classifier is addressed by a leave-one-patient-out procedure. For a large part of the cohort (80%), the performance of the classifier is excellent meaning an area under the curve (AUC) of larger than 0.9. On top of that, estimates are derived for its success in practical scenarios by considering the prevalence of cough and the required specificity. It is shown that the acoustic environment can be harsh, requiring very high specificities. From the results, we argue that for real-world applications customization will be required. For part of the population, it suffices to set a patient-specific operation point in generic cough classifier, but for some part a personalized cough classifier will be needed.
Cardiac overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in transgenic mice mimics ischemic preconditioning through SAPK/JNK1/2 activation (2003)

Overexpression of MCP-1 by cardiomyocytes causes chronic infiltration and activation of leukocytes, resulting in elevated TNF-alpha secretion and SAPK/JNK1/2 activation. The activation of this pathway is in part responsible for the preconditioning effect of MCP-1 overexpression. These results show a possible beneficial link between innate immunity and ischemic preconditioning through MAP-kinase activation.
Synoptic capabilities of the GNSS-R interferometric technique with the SPIR instrument (2016)

We present in this paper the work done to test the synoptic capabilities of the GNSS-R interferometric technique as a means towards sea surface altimetry estimation, which is an integrated part of the assessment of the GEROS-ISS mission. For this purpose, a new software receiver has been developed and tested: SPIR. With the lessons learned after a first flight campaign, some system modifications were performed and a second experimental campaign has been recently carried on. Initial results show interferometric waveforms that present the quality required for altimetric analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Sulfones. Part 81. Chiral Carbon Catalogue. Part 4. Asymmetric Epoxy Cyclohexenyl Sulfones: Readily Accessible Progenitors of Stereodefined Six‐Carbon Arrays. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectrum Challenges in the Internet of Things: State of the Art and Next Steps (2022)

Due to the significant growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and fifth-generation (5G) networks, the radio frequency spectrum is poised to become an extremely scarce resource in the next few years. This chapter surveys the state of the art in spectrum management for 5G and IoT technologies, and proposes a roadmap of next-generation research challenges. The vast majority of commercially-available IoT devices leverage the spectrum bands reserved for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) purposes for radio communications. The main reason behind this choice is that a spectrum license is not required in ISM bands. Despite the significant advantages of dynamic spectrum access (DSA), today's IoT devices still utilize technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth and ZigBee that are not capable of performing DSA. The chapter summarizes existing work in the field of spectrum management in the IoT, by highlighting the requirements and the limitations of existing solutions.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Multi-Antenna Broadcast Channels with Statistical CSIT (2021)

Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is a promising technique for downlink multi-antenna communications owning to its capability of enhancing the system performance in a wide range of network loads, user deployments and channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) inaccuracies. In this paper, we investigate the achievable rate performance of RSMA in a multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) network where only slow-varying statistical channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter. RSMA-based statistical beamforming and the split of the common stream is optimized with the objective of maximizing the minimum user rate subject to a sum power budget of the transmitter. Two statistical CSIT scenarios are investigated, namely the Rayleigh fading channels with only spatial correlations known at the transmitter, and the uniform linear array (ULA) deployment with only channel amplitudes and mean of phase known at the transmitter. Numerical results demonstrate the explicit max min fairness (MMF) rate gain of RSMA over space division multiple access (SDMA) in both scenarios. Moreover, we demonstrate that RSMA is more robust to the inaccuracy of statistical CSIT.
Genes and Pathways Implicated in Tetralogy of Fallot Revealed by Ultra-Rare Variant Burden Analysis in 231 Genome Sequences (2020)

Recent genome-wide studies of rare genetic variants have begun to implicate novel mechanisms for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), a severe congenital heart defect (CHD). To provide statistical support for case-only data without parental genomes, we re-analyzed genome sequences of 231 individuals with TOF (<i>n</i> = 175) or related CHD. We adapted a burden test originally developed for <i>de novo</i> variants to assess ultra-rare variant burden in individual genes, and in gene-sets corresponding to functional pathways and mouse phenotypes, accounting for highly correlated gene-sets and for multiple testing. For truncating variants, the gene burden test confirmed significant burden in <i>FLT4</i> (Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i>-value < 0.01). For missense variants, burden in <i>NOTCH1</i> achieved genome-wide significance only when restricted to constrained genes (i.e., under negative selection, Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i>-value = 0.004), and showed enrichment for variants affecting the extracellular domain, especially those disrupting cysteine residues forming disulfide bonds (OR = 39.8 vs. gnomAD). Individuals with <i>NOTCH1</i> ultra-rare missense variants, all with TOF, were enriched for positive family history of CHD. Other genes not previously implicated in CHD had more modest statistical support in gene burden tests. Gene-set burden tests for truncating variants identified a cluster of pathways corresponding to VEGF signaling (<i>FDR</i> = 0%), and of mouse phenotypes corresponding to abnormal vasculature (<i>FDR</i> = 0.8%); these suggested additional candidate genes not previously identified (e.g., <i>WNT5A</i> and <i>ZFAND5</i>). Results for the most promising genes were driven by the TOF subset of the cohort. The findings support the importance of ultra-rare variants disrupting genes involved in VEGF and NOTCH signaling in the genetic architecture of TOF, accounting for 11-14% of individuals in the TOF cohort. These proof-of-principle data indicate that this statistical methodology could assist in analyzing case-only sequencing data in which ultra-rare variants, whether <i>de novo</i> or inherited, contribute to the genetic etiopathogenesis of a complex disorder.