gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation Depth Estimation and Variable Selection in State-Space Models for Neural Interfaces (2014)

Rapid developments in neural interface technology are making it possible to record increasingly large signal sets of neural activity. Various factors such as asymmetrical information distribution and across-channel redundancy may, however, limit the benefit of high-dimensional signal sets, and the increased computational complexity may not yield corresponding improvement in system performance. High-dimensional system models may also lead to overfitting and lack of generalizability. To address these issues, we present a generalized modulation depth measure using the state-space framework that quantifies the tuning of a neural signal channel to relevant behavioral covariates. For a dynamical system, we develop computationally efficient procedures for estimating modulation depth from multivariate data. We show that this measure can be used to rank neural signals and select an optimal channel subset for inclusion in the neural decoding algorithm. We present a scheme for choosing the optimal subset based on model order selection criteria. We apply this method to neuronal ensemble spike-rate decoding in neural interfaces, using our framework to relate motor cortical activity with intended movement kinematics. With offline analysis of intracortical motor imagery data obtained from individuals with tetraplegia using the BrainGate neural interface, we demonstrate that our variable selection scheme is useful for identifying and ranking the most information-rich neural signals. We demonstrate that our approach offers several orders of magnitude lower complexity but virtually identical decoding performance compared to greedy search and other selection schemes. Our statistical analysis shows that the modulation depth of human motor cortical single-unit signals is well characterized by the generalized Pareto distribution. Our variable selection scheme has wide applicability in problems involving multisensor signal modeling and estimation in biomedical engineering systems.
Development of 3-DoF Flapping-wing Robot with Variable Amplitude Link Mechanism (2018)

This paper describes development of 3-DoF flapping-wing robot with variable amplitude link mechanism to control lift and thrust forces. The variable amplitude link mechanism has lever crank mechanism driven by a BLDC motor and a linear acutuator to control amplitude of flapping angle. The robot has also 2 DC motors for feathering and lead-lag motion. Some experiments of measurement of force-torque revealed effects of each wing motion. We found that flapping amplitude difference between left and right wings occurs roll and yaw moment.
Structure, thermal stability and content assay of hemocyanin from molluscs (2011)

A glycoprotein, hemocyanin, found in molluscs possesses potentials in treating medical conditions involving herpes virus. To ensure the quality and effectiveness of the protein for therapeutic uses, its molecular structure and thermal stability are key characteristics that need elucidation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out to obtain protein melting profile and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain a structural image of the protein. An atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method was developed and validated for the determination of copper (Cu) in native serum extracted from animal resources. The hemocyanin content was deduced from copper content measurements by using a constant copper/ protein molar ratio. The AAS was found a reliable tool for quantitative measurement of total copper content. These measurements are crucial for further studies on protein stability, purification and formulation. The results from our research on the structure, thermal stability and concentration analysis of the protein are of value in discerning its therapeutic usage.
Fluorescent polymeric ionic liquids for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives (2014)

We report, for the first time, applicability of film forming polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) possessing pyrene and anthracene fluorophores for the detection of nitroaromatics (NACs). These functionalized PILs were synthesized via post modification of thermo-chemically and mechanically stable polybenzimidazole (PBI). Formed PILs were evaluated for their ability to detect NACs through quenching of fluorescence intensity. Quenching of fluorescence intensity in solution state for NACs, such as nitrobenzene (NB), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and picric acid (PA), was found to be rapid in both the PILs possessing pyrene and anthracene. The solution-phase Stern–Volmer quenching constants for PA were higher than for other NACs. After these promising results, self-standing films (∼12 μm thick) were also evaluated for fluorescence quenching by NACs as well as possible interferents of different nature. These films also exhibited rapid and selective fluorescence quenching when exposed to the saturated vapors of NACs at ambient temperature and pressure. Fluorescence emission of PIL films was affected little by the presence of commonly found interferents. Furthermore, fluorescence intensity could be recovered after the quenching, enabling the reuse of these PIL films for detection of NACs. Smart performance of these films and ease of preparation qualify them as attractive candidates in developing sensor devices for sensitive NACs detection in presence of possible interferents.
Is developing an HIV-1 vaccine possible? (2010)

Recent data in the last year have provided new hope that a clinically useful preventive HIV-1 vaccine can potentially be made. The path forward will require development of improved immunogens, understanding the correlates of protection to HIV-1, and development of immunogens to induce antibodies that can prevent the initial stages of HIV-1 infection at mucosal sites, in order to improve on the RV144 trial results.
Lasting Immunological Imprint of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection With Associations to Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Fatigue (2021)

https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT02335437.
Substitution Effect on the Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties of Co1−<italic>x</italic>Zn<italic>x</italic>Fe2O4Nanocrystalline Ferrites (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x = 0$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>–1) Prepared via Gelatin Auto-Combustion Method (2017)

Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> ZnxFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ferrites (x = 0-1) were successfully synthesized, for the first time, via sol-gel auto-combustion route using gelatin fuel. The auto-combustion was characterized using DTA-TG-DSC up to ferrite formation, and an appropriate gelation mechanism was suggested. The structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrical properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), ac-conductivity, and dielectric constant measurements. XRD indicated the need for further calcination at 350 °C to obtain well crystalline ferrites. The slight changes in the lattice values up to x = 0.8 suggested the substitution of Zn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ions for the Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ions located in the octahedral sites. The large change at x = 1 suggested the conversion into the normal spinel structure. Based on the structural data, an appropriate distribution for cations was suggested. This distribution was reinforced using FT-IR and magnetic measurements. TEM showed dense agglomeration at low substitutions released by increasing Zn-content. VSM exhibited hard magnetic properties with an obvious transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic by increasing zinc. The maximum saturation magnetization (56.7 emu/g) was obtained for Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Zn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . The behavior of magnetization with Zn-substitution was explained in the view of the cationic stoichiometry. The coercivity decreases by increasing zinc, which was attributed to the anisotropic nature of zinc. AC-conductivity versus temperature revealed a semiconducting behavior with an obvious change from ferroto paramagnetic by rising temperature. The conduction mechanism as well as the type of the charge carriers was discussed in the view of calculated activation energies and the frequency dependence of conductivity. The measured dielectric constants gave results that agreed well with the conductivity data.
An improved feedback scheme for dual channel identification in wireless communication systems (2003)

We have previously presented a novel dual channel identification approach for mobile wireless communication systems (Xu, H. et al., Proc. ICC, vol.8, p.2443-8, 2001). Unlike traditional channel estimation methods that rely on training symbols, this approach used a bent-pipe feedback mechanism requiring the mobile station (MS) to send portions of its received signal back to the base station (BS) for wireless channel identification. Using a filter-bank decomposition concept, we introduced an effective algorithm for identifying both the forward and the reverse channels based only on this feedback information. This new method permits transfer of the computational burden from the MS to the resource rich BS and leads to significant savings in bandwidth consuming training signals. This paper proposes a more informative feedback method leading to significant performance improvement over our earlier scheme.
Matching learning style to instructional method: Effects on comprehension. (2014)

While it is hypothesized that providing instruction based on individuals' preferred learning styles improves learning (i.e., reading for visual learners and listening for auditory learners, also referred to as the meshing hypothesis), after a critical review of the literature Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer, and Bjork (2008) concluded that this hypothesis lacks empirical evidence and subsequently described the experimental design needed to evaluate the meshing hypothesis.Following the design of Pashler et al., we empirically investigated the effect of learning style preference with college-educated adults, specifically as applied to (a) verbal comprehension aptitude (listening or reading) and (b) learning based on mode of instruction (digital audiobook or e-text).First, participants' auditory and visual learning style preferences were established based on a standardized adult learning style inventory.Participants were then given a verbal comprehension aptitude test in both oral and written forms.Results failed to show a statistically significant relationship between learning style preference (auditory, visual word) and learning aptitude (listening comprehension, reading comprehension).Second, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that received the same instructional material from a nonfiction book, but each in a different instructional mode (digital audiobook, e-text), and then completed a written comprehension test immediately and after 2 weeks.Results demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between learning style preference (auditory, visual word) and instructional method (audiobook, e-text) for either immediate or delayed comprehension tests.Taken together, the results of our investigation failed to statistically support the meshing hypothesis either for verbal comprehension aptitude or learning based on mode of instruction (digital audiobook, e-text).
Aldehydes, Araliphatic (2008)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Properties 2. Production 3. Individual Araliphatic Aldehydes 3.1. Phenylacetaldehyde 3.2. 4-Methylphenylacetaldehyde 3.3. 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde (Hydratropaldehyde) 3.4. 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde (Dihydrocinnamaldehyde) 3.5. 2-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionaldehyde 3.6. 3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal (Cyclamenaldehyde) 3.7. 3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methylpropionaldehyde (Lilial) 3.8. Cinnamaldehyde (3-Phenyl-2-propenal) 3.9. α-Alkylcinnamaldehydes (2-Alkyl-3-phenyl-2-propenals)
Hexa-Acylated Lipid A Is Required for Host Inflammatory Response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Experimental Gonorrhea (2013)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection characterized by inflammation of the cervix or urethra. However, a significant subset of patients with N. gonorrhoeae remain asymptomatic, without evidence of localized inflammation. Inflammatory responses to N. gonorrhoeae are generated by host innate immune recognition of N. gonorrhoeae by several innate immune signaling pathways, including lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and other pathogen-derived molecules through activation of innate immune signaling systems, including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing complex known as the inflammasome. The lipooligosaccharide of N. gonorrhoeae has a hexa-acylated lipid A. N. gonorrhoeae strains that carry an inactivated msbB (also known as lpxL1) gene produce a penta-acylated lipid A and exhibit reduced biofilm formation, survival in epithelial cells, and induction of epithelial cell inflammatory signaling. We now show that msbB-deficient N. gonorrhoeae induces less inflammatory signaling in human monocytic cell lines and murine macrophages than the parent organism. The penta-acylated LOS exhibits reduced toll-like receptor 4 signaling but does not affect N. gonorrhoeae-mediated activation of the inflammasome. We demonstrate that N. gonorrhoeae msbB is dispensable for initiating and maintaining infection in a murine model of gonorrhea. Interestingly, infection with msbB-deficient N. gonorrhoeae is associated with less localized inflammation. Combined, these data suggest that TLR4-mediated recognition of N. gonorrhoeae LOS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of symptomatic gonorrhea infection and that alterations in lipid A biosynthesis may play a role in determining symptomatic and asymptomatic infections.
Isolation and Characterization of Fatty Acid Derivatives from an Actinomycetes and Examination of the Effects on Activities of Phospholipase C and Protein Kinase C (1998)

In our screening to search inhibitors of phosphoinositide(PI)-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC), two inhibitors, MT965-A and -B were isolated from a culture broth of an actinomycetes. MT965-A and -B were identified as fatty acid derivatives, 14-methylpentadecanoic acid and 16-methyllinoleic acid methyl ester, respectively, based on the spectral data including NMR and MS. Both inhibitors directly inhibited not only in vitro PLCγ1 activity but also the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced inositol phosphates (IPt) formation in NIH 3T3γ1 cells overexpressing PLCγ1. However, the inhibitors enhanced in vitro protein kinase C (PKC) activity. On examination of the effects of various fatty acids (FAs) on activities of PLC, PKC, and PDGF-induced IPt formation, the unsaturated FAs (UFAs) showed the same activities like the inhibitors, but the saturated FAs (SFAs) did not show similar activities. It was inferred that the chain length, degree of unsaturation, methyl esterification, branching with a methyl group, and cisconfiguration were important for their activity.
Towards understanding programs through wear-based filtering (2005)

Large software projects often require a programmer to make changes to unfamiliar source code. This paper presents the results of a formative observational study of seven professional programmers who use a conventional development environment to update an unfamiliar implementation of a commonly known video game. We describe several usability problems they experience, including keeping oriented in the program's source text, maintaining the number and layout of open text documents and relying heavily on textual search for navigation. To reduce the cost of transferring knowledge about the program among developers, we propose the idea of wear-based filtering, a combination of computational wear and social filtering. The development environment collects interaction information, as with computational wear, and uses that information to direct the attention of subsequent users, as with social filtering. We present sketches of new visualizations that use wear-based filtering and demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with data drawn from our study.
Towards high-mobility In2xGa2–2xO3 nanowire field-effect transistors (2018)

Recently, owing to the excellent electrical and optical properties, n-type In2O3 nanowires (NWs) have attracted tremendous attention for application in memory devices, solar cells, and ultra-violet photodetectors. However, the relatively low electron mobility of In2O3 NWs grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has limited their further utilization. In this study, utilizing in-situ Ga alloying, highly crystalline, uniform, and thin In2xGa2−2xO3 NWs with diameters down to 30 nm were successfully prepared via ambient-pressure CVD. Introducing an optimal amount of Ga (10 at.%) into the In2O3 lattice was found to effectively enhance the crystal quality and reduce the number of oxygen vacancies in the NWs. A further increase in the Ga concentration adversely induced the formation of a resistive β-Ga2O3 phase, thereby deteriorating the electrical properties of the NWs. Importantly, when configured into global back-gated NW field-effect transistors, the optimized In1.8Ga0.2O3 NWs exhibit significantly enhanced electron mobility reaching up to 750 cm2·V–1·s–1 as compared with that of the pure In2O3 NW, which can be attributed to the reduction in the number of oxygen vacancies and ionized impurity scattering centers. Highly ordered NW parallel arrayed devices were also fabricated to demonstrate the versatility and potency of these NWs for next-generation, large-scale, and high-performance nanoelectronics, sensors, etc.
Examining cardiomyocyte development with spectral domain phase microscopy (2007)

Phase-sensitive detection has long been recognized as a mechanism for increasing imaging contrast. The proliferation of quantitative phase contrast techniques and the breadth of emerging applications reflects the potential for achieving subdiffraction- limited resolution of cellular structure and dynamic phenomena with phase. Our laboratory developed spectral domain phase microscopy (SDPM) as a simple, phase-stable tool for studying cell dynamics and structure. As a functional extension of optical coherence tomography (OCT), SDPM inherited the high-resolution depth-sectioning capabilities for which OCT is well known, but adds to this an ability to discriminate sub-coherence length changes in optical pathlength within target samples at discrete axial positions. Early demonstrations of SDPM showed it to be extremely sensitive to thickness changes in biological and non-biological samples; the results of our previous studies investigating cell surface motion in cardiomyocyte contractility, cytoplasmic streaming rates in single-celled organisms, and rheological properties of the cytoskeleton suggest that SDPM can contribute insights of biological relevance. The principal aim of this work is to refine SDPM to enable imaging, interrogation, and quantification of parameters of interest in developing cardiomyocytes. In this manuscript, we report on the technology advances that enable multidimensional SDPM, and the results of new inotropic imaging studies of chick embryo cardiomyocytes.
Figure S2 from Delivering Type I Interferon to Dendritic Cells Empowers Tumor Eradication and Immune Combination Treatments (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Low dose WT mIFN cannot prevent tumor growth, even when targeted to the tumor as an immunocytokine.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 3 from RAS–MAPK Reactivation Facilitates Acquired Resistance in <i>FGFR1</i>-Amplified Lung Cancer and Underlies a Rationale for Upfront FGFR–MEK Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3 shows top 2500 upregulated genes for each cluster utilized for pathway enrichment analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Vowel training experiments with a computer-based vowel training system (1994)

In previous work signal processing algorithms were presented for real-time mapping of vowels to a two-dimensional display for articulation training [Beck and Zahorian, ICASSP-92, II, 241–244]. In this paper, a series of tests designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this display for vowel training are reported. Experiments were conducted with five non-native normally hearing speakers of English and with four hearing-impaired children. The foreign speakers practiced with the vowel training aid for two 30 min sessions per week over a 10 week period. Pre, mid, and post-training testing showed that all subjects learned to modify vowel productions to consistently match the specified ‘‘target’’ vowel positions depicted on the computer. The vowel training exercises with hearing-impaired school children (ages 7 to 10) were performed in therapy sessions over a 1-year period. The quantitative evaluation of the children’s data is more ambiguous than for the foreign-speaker training, but there was some progress. These results show that the instantaneous visual feedback provided by the vowel training system can be used to improve vowel productions, but that additional improvement is still required to make the system more effective for hearing-impaired children.
High impedance nano charger for on-chip 50nAH rated microbatteries (2006)

Integrated microbatteries are being currently developed to act as a "micropower" source in microsatellites. They help provide localized current capacities or embedded power supplies at the chip level, for space exploration. The microbatteries are charged using these complementary algorithms based on constant current, constant voltage and pulsed current. The charging current is in the range of nano-amperes. A unique experimental setup is developed to implement the nano charging algorithms. This designed setup is completely automated for maximum efficiency. Laboratory results are shown as part of this paper to prove the validity of the designed work. The microbatteries used are rated at 50 nAH capacity and are solid state lithium electrolyte based