gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic n-Channel Field-Effect Transistors Based on Arylenediimide-Thiophene Derivatives (2010)

The synthesis, structural, electrochemical, and thin film electrical and electronic structural properties of a series of arylene diimide-oligothiophene n-type semiconductors are reported. This family of compounds allows analysis of the effects on thin film transistor performance of the following: (i) oligothiophene backbone catenation; (ii) naphthalenediimide vs perylenediimide core interchange; (iii) phenylene group introduction in the oligothiophene backbone. Electrochemical experiments indicate similar redox energetics for all members of this series, while thin film transistor measurements reveal markedly different charge transport performances. The highest electron mobility of 0.35 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) is recorded for films of benzo[lmn]thieno[3',4':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6(2H)-trione, 2-octyl (NDI-1T). Solution-processed field effect transistors were also fabricated and surprisingly exhibit electrical performances surpassing that of the vapor-deposited films in the case of isoquino[6',5',4':10,5,6]anthra[2,1,9-def]thieno[3',4':4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,3,8(2H)-trione, 2-(1-heptyloctyl)-10,12-di-2-thienyl (PDI-3T).
Enhanced Osseous Implant Fixation with Strontium-Substituted Bioactive Glass Coating (2014)

The use of endosseous implants is firmly established in skeletal reconstructive surgery, with rapid and permanent fixation of prostheses being a highly desirable feature. Implant coatings composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) have become the standard and have been used with some success in prolonging the time to revision surgery, but aseptic loosening remains a significant issue. The development of a new generation of more biologically active coatings is a promising approach for tackling this problem. Bioactive glasses are an ideal candidate material due to the osteostimulative properties of their dissolution products. However, to date, they have not been formulated with stability to devitrification or thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) that are suitable for stable coating onto metal implants while still retaining their bioactive properties. Here, we present a strontium-substituted bioactive glass (SrBG) implant coating which has been designed to encourage peri-implant bone formation and with a TEC similar to that of HA. The coating can be successfully applied to roughened Ti6Al4V and after implantation into the distal femur and proximal tibia of twenty-seven New Zealand White rabbits for 6, 12, or 24 weeks, it produced no adverse tissue reaction. The glass dissolved over a 6 week period, stimulating enhanced peri-implant bone formation compared with matched HA coated implants in the contralateral limb. Furthermore, superior mechanical fixation was evident in the SrBG group after 24 weeks of implantation. We propose that this coating has the potential to enhance implant fixation in a variety of orthopedic reconstructive surgery applications.
Exploring the Physical Limits of Axial Magnetic Bearings Featuring Extremely Large Vertical Levitation Distances (2021)

This work provides an analytical method, based on the Ampèrian model of permanent magnets (PM), for a fast calculation of the magnetic flux density in three-dimensional space applying Biot–Savart law, and the calculation of the forces using Lorentz's law. The applied approach enables the characterization regarding forces, torques, and stiffnesses of the levitating PM for any arbitrary position in space. Furthermore, it permits the extension of the investigation to any shape and configuration of ironless magnetic bearings (MB). In order to demonstrate the simple use of the analytical model, in this article, the dimensions of an ironless axial MB employing PMs are optimized with a multiobjective Pareto analysis, which reveals the physical limits concerning maximum achievable levitation height with respect to given constraints on, e.g., the required force and tilting stiffnesses, and the MB robustness defined by the maximum allowable payload on the levitating magnet. Moreover, the optimized axial MB and a corresponding test bench are realized to validate the proposed model with experimental results. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that in a later stage, the optimized MB can also be scaled with simple scaling laws if the demanded specifications, e.g., concerning desired maximum levitation height or payload capability, would have changed.
Selective Metal-vapor Deposition on Organic Surfaces (2015)

Selective metal-vapor deposition signifies that metal-vapor atoms are deposited on a hard organic surface, but not on a soft (low glass transition temperature, low Tg ) surface. In this paper, we introduce the origin, extension, and applications of selective metal-vapor deposition. An amorphous photochromic diarylethene film shows light-controlled selective metal-vapor deposition, which is caused by a large Tg change based on photoisomerization, but various organic surfaces, including organic crystal and polymers, can be utilized for achieving selective metal-vapor deposition. Various applications of selective metal-vapor deposition, including cathode patterning of organic light-emitting devices, micro-thin-film fuses, multifunctional diffraction gratings, in-plane electrical bistability for memory devices, and metal-vapor integration, have been demonstrated.
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and exosome profiling from a year-long human spaceflight reveals circulating biomarkers (2020)

Abstract The health impact of prolonged space flight on the human body is not well understood. Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or exosome analysis provide a noninvasive approach to monitor the dynamics of genomic, epigenomic and proteomic biomarkers, and the occurrence of DNA damage, physiological stress, and immune responses. To study the molecular consequences of spaceflight we profiled cfDNA isolated from plasma of an astronaut (TW) during a year-long mission on the International Space Station (ISS), sampling before, during, and after spaceflight, and compared the results to cfDNA profiling of the subject’s identical twin (HR) who remained on Earth, as well as healthy donors. We characterized cfDNA concentration and fragment size, and the positioning of nucleosomes on cfDNA, observing a significant increase in the proportion of cell-free mitochondrial DNA inflight, suggesting that cf-mtDNA is a potential biomarker for space flight-associated stress, and that this result was robust to ambient transit from the International Space Station (ISS). Analysis of exosomes isolated from post-flight plasma revealed a 30-fold increase in circulating exosomes and distinct exosomal protein cargo, including brain-derived peptides, in TW compared to HR and all known controls. This study provides the first longitudinal analysis of astronaut cfDNA during spaceflight, as well as the first exosome profiles, and highlights cf-mtDNA levels as a potential biomarker for physiological stress or immune system responses related to microgravity, radiation exposure, and other unique environmental conditions on the ISS.
Focus on clinical practice: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and corona virus disease 2019: pathophysiology and clinical implications (2020)

: ACE2 receptor has a broad expression pattern in the cellular membrane and provides a protective action against the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, this enzyme has become of extreme interest during the pandemic infection of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). This virus invades alveolar epithelium and cardiomyocytes using ACE2 as a transmembrane receptor. ACE2 is a counter-regulatory peptide that degrades Ang II into Ang 1-7, thereby attenuating the biological effects of the AT1 receptor. The binding between the spike protein of COVID-19 and the enzyme is crucial for the virus to enter the target cells, but whether an increase in ACE2 activity could facilitate the infection is not yet demonstrated. However, this aspect has raised many concerns about the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in infected patients or patients at risk of infection. It appears that cellular infection leads to a reduction in ACE2 expression and an increase in the activity of the Ang II--AT1 axis, which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ARDS, myocarditis, and hypercoagulability with the possibility of exacerbation of acute coronary syndrome, induction of pulmonary embolism, or appearance of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Therefore, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker drugs should be continued in infected patients, as their discontinuation can increase Ang II activity and induce injury to the lungs or cardiovascular system.
Fano line shapes in transmission spectra of silicon photonic crystal resonators (2013)

Transmission measurements on symmetrically waveguide-loaded one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal microresonators are observed to exhibit Fano line shapes, which we find to be due to the interference between the resonant transmission and a leaky second-order quasi-transverse-electric mode partially guided through the photonic crystal. The line shape is tunable by varying the exciting fiber position, the material index, and via the cavity nonlinearity. This two-mode interference method applied to a one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal cavity represents a compact and tunable approach to obtaining such line shapes in integrated optical devices, with implications for efficient modulation of optical signals and nonlinear all-optical switching.
Guest Editorial: In-Network Computing: Emerging Trends for the Edge-Cloud Continuum (2021)

Recent advances in virtualization technologies (e.g., uniker-nels, containers, and virtual machines), the move to data driven approaches and softwarized networking technologies (e.g., SDN, NFV, and data plane programming) have invigorated a new focus on combining computation and communication in distributed systems. At the same time, the proliferation of edge computing, a complementary and at times alternative solution to centralized cloud computing, has resulted in an edge-cloud continuum of applications and services. Edge computing offers more proximate resources closer to where the service is needed and supports emerging applications (e.g., self-driving vehicles, autonomous systems, and VR/AR) with stringent requirements of fast response, low delay, high bandwidth, trust-sensitivity, and/or continued operation, despite intermittent or incomplete connectivity. These trends have converged into the concept of Computing in the Network (COIN), the integration of in-network computation and network processing in a common framework. COIN naturally fits within the edge-cloud continuum, where expanded resource distribution and tightly integrated computing-networking capabilities are provisioned from the edge to the cloud infrastructure including at points in between.
Long-Term Trends in the Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence (2016)

Analyses of text corpora over time can reveal trends in beliefs, interest, and sentiment about a topic. We focus on views expressed about artificial intelligence (AI) in the New York Times over a 30-year period. General interest, awareness, and discussion about AI has waxed and waned since the field was founded in 1956. We present a set of measures that captures levels of engagement, measures of pessimism and optimism, the prevalence of specific hopes and concerns, and topics that are linked to discussions about AI over decades. We find that discussion of AI has increased sharply since 2009, and that these discussions have been consistently more optimistic than pessimistic. However, when we examine specific concerns, we find that worries of loss of control of AI, ethical concerns for AI, and the negative impact of AI on work have grown in recent years. We also find that hopes for AI in healthcare and education have increased over time.
Post-Harvest Processing Methods for Reduction of Silica and Alkali Metals in Wheat Straw (2002)

Silica and alkali metals in wheat straw limit its use for bioenergy and gasification. Slag deposits occur via the eutectic melting of SiO2 with K2O, trapping chlorides at surfaces and causing corrosion. A minimum melting point of 950°C is desirable, corresponding to SiO2:K2O of about 3:1. Mild chemical treatments were used to reduce Si, K, and Cl, while varying temperature, concentration, %-solids, and time. Dilute acid was more effective at removing K and Cl, while dilute alkali was more effective for Si. Reduction of minerals in this manner may prove economical for increasing utilization of the straw for combustion or gasification.
A passive microfluidic hydrogen–air fuel cell with exceptional stability and high performance (2006)

We describe an advanced microfluidic hydrogen-air fuel cell (FC) that exhibits exceptional durability and high performance, most notably yielding stable output power (>100 days) without the use of an anode-cathode separator membrane. This FC embraces an entirely passive device architecture and, unlike conventional microfluidic designs that exploit laminar hydrodynamics, no external pumps are used to sustain or localize the reagent flow fields. The devices incorporate high surface area/porous metal and metal alloy electrodes that are embedded and fully immersed in liquid electrolyte confined in the channels of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic network. The polymeric network also serves as a self-supporting membrane through which oxygen and hydrogen are supplied to the cathode and alloy anode, respectively, by permeation. The operational stability of the device and its performance is strongly dependent on the nature of the electrolyte used (5 M H2SO4 or 2.5 M NaOH) and composition of the anode material. The latter choice is optimized to decrease the sensitivity of the system to oxygen cross-over while still maintaining high activity towards the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Three types of high surface area anodes were tested in this work. These include: high-surface area electrodeposited Pt (Pt); high-surface area electrodeposited Pd (Pd); and thin palladium adlayers supported on a "porous" Pt electrode (Pd/Pt). The FCs display their best performance in 5 M H2SO4 using the Pd/Pt anode. This exceptional stability and performance was ascribed to several factors, namely: the high permeabilities of O2, H2, and CO2 in PDMS; the inhibition of the formation of insoluble carbonate species due to the presence of a highly acidic electrolyte; and the selectivity of the Pd/Pt anode toward the HOR. The stability of the device for long-term operation was modeled using a stack of three FCs as a power supply for a portable display that otherwise uses a 3 V battery.
A Survey and Perspective on Artificial Intelligence for Security-Aware Electronic Design Automation (2022)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly used in several fields to improve performance and the level of automation. In recent years, this use has exponentially increased due to the advancement of high-performance computing and the ever increasing size of data. One of such fields is that of hardware design; specifically the design of digital and analog integrated circuits~(ICs), where AI/ ML techniques have been extensively used to address ever-increasing design complexity, aggressive time-to-market, and the growing number of ubiquitous interconnected devices (IoT). However, the security concerns and issues related to IC design have been highly overlooked. In this paper, we summarize the state-of-the-art in AL/ML for circuit design/optimization, security and engineering challenges, research in security-aware CAD/EDA, and future research directions and needs for using AI/ML for security-aware circuit design.
Terahertz Emission from Indium Nitride Multiple Quantum Wells (2007)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. D. Chern, H. Shen, M. Wraback, G. Koblmüller, C. S. Gallinat, and J. S. Speck, "Terahertz Emission from Indium Nitride Multiple Quantum Wells," in Optical Terahertz Science and Technology, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2007), paper MA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Recovery of overall and local lung function loss 18 months after irradiation for malignant lymphoma. (1996)

Partial recovery of radiation-induced reduction of local and overall lung function was observed at 18 months after irradiation. The overall functional outcome of most patients could be well predicted, based on the estimated mean local injury over the complete lung. Chemotherapy given before radiotherapy enhanced the radiation-induced reduction of local Q.
Conflict of Interest Form 1 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

Conflict of Interest Form 1 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics
Multistage access network for bidirectional DWDM transmission using ASE-injected FP-LD (2006)

We propose a novel optical distribution network for multistage optical access network with multiple remote nodes (RNs) using 4skip0 filters. The system can be implemented by use of 1/spl times/N arrayed waveguide grating in the central office, cascaded RNs, and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). It also employs colorless ONUs based on incoherent light injected Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diodes for low operation and maintenance cost. Experiment shows error-free transmission with simultaneous bidirectional 1.25 Gb/s per channel up to 20 km.
Discovery of Cyclic Peptide Ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein using mRNA Display (2020)

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to substantial morbidity, mortality and disruption globally. Cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by the viral spike protein and affinity ligands to this surface protein have the potential for applications as antivirals and diagnostic reagents. Here, we describe the affinity selection of cyclic peptide ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) from three distinct libraries (in excess of a trillion molecules each) by mRNA display. We identified six high affinity molecules with dissociation constants ( K D ) in the nanomolar range (15-550 nM) to the RBD. The highest affinity ligand could be used as an affinity reagent to detect spike protein in solution by ELISA, and the co-crystal structure of this molecule bound to the RBD demonstrated that it binds to a cryptic binding site, displacing a β-strand near the C-terminus. Our findings provide key mechanistic insight into the binding of peptide ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and the ligands discovered in this work may find future use as reagents for diagnostic applications.
Phe496 and Leu497 are essential for receptor binding and cytotoxic action of the murine interleukin-4 receptor targeted fusion toxin DAB389-mIL-4 (1992)

DAB389-mIL-4 is a murine interleukin-4 (mIL-4) diphtheria toxin-related fusion protein which has been shown to be selectively toxic to cells expressing the mIL-4 receptor. In this report, we have used site-directed and in-frame deletion mutagenesis to study the role of the putative C-terminal alpha-helix (helix E) of the mIL-4 component of DAB389-mIL-4 in the intoxication process. We demonstrate that deletion of the C-terminal 15 amino acids of the fusion toxin leads to loss of cytotoxicity. The substitution of Phe496 with either Pro, Ala or Tyr, results in a greater than 20-fold decrease in cytotoxic activity of the respective mutant fusion toxins. In addition, substitution of Leu497 with either Ala or Glu results in a similar loss of cytotoxic activity. All of these mutant forms of the mIL-4 fusion toxin demonstrate a significant decrease in binding affinity (Ki) to the mIL-4 receptor in a competitive radioligand binding assay. In marked contrast, however, the substitution of Asp495 with Asn results in a 4-fold increase in cytotoxic potency and binding affinity to mIL-4 receptor bearing cells in vitro.
NO Formation by Neuronal NO‐Synthase can be Controlled by Ultrafast Electron Injection from a Nanotrigger (2009)

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are unique flavohemoproteins with various roles in mammalian physiology. Constitutive NOS catalysis is initiated by fast hydride transfer from NADPH, followed by slower structural rearrangements. We used a photoactive nanotrigger (NT) to study the initial electron transfer to FAD in native neuronal NOS (nNOS) catalysis. Molecular modeling and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that selective NT binding to NADPH sites close to FAD is able to override Phe1395 regulation. Ultrafast injection of electrons into the protein electron pathway by NT photoactivation through the use of a femtosecond laser pulse is thus possible. We show that calmodulin, required for NO synthesis by constitutive NOS, strongly promotes intramolecular electron flow (6.2-fold stimulation) by a mechanism involving proton transfer to the reduced FAD(-) site. Site-directed mutagenesis using the S1176A and S1176T mutants of nNOS supports this hypothesis. The NT synchronized the initiation of flavoenzyme catalysis, leading to the formation of NO, as detected by EPR. This NT is thus promising for time-resolved X-ray and other cellular applications.
Relationship between plasma, atrial and ventricular perhexiline concentrations in humans: insights into factors affecting myocardial uptake (2013)

This study demonstrates that plasma perhexiline concentrations are predictive of myocardial drug concentrations, a major determinant of drug effect. However, net myocardial perhexiline uptake is significantly modulated by patient age, potentially via alteration of myocardial:extracardiac drug uptake.
Escherichia colifrom animal reservoirs as a potential source of human extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli (2011)

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are an important cause of urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis and septicaemia in humans. Animals are recognized as a reservoir for human intestinal pathogenic E. coli, but whether animals are a source for human ExPEC is still a matter of debate. Pathologies caused by ExPEC are reported for many farm animals, especially for poultry, in which colibacillosis is responsible for huge losses within broiler chickens. Cases are also reported for companion animals. Commensal E. coli strains potentially carrying virulence factors involved in the development of human pathologies also colonize the intestinal tract of animals. This review focuses on the recent evidence of the zoonotic potential of ExPEC from animal origin and their potential direct or indirect transmission from animals to humans. As antimicrobials are commonly used for livestock production, infections due to antimicrobial-resistant ExPEC transferred from animals to humans could be even more difficult to treat. These findings, combined with the economic impact of ExPEC in the animal production industry, demonstrate the need for adapted measures to limit the prevalence of ExPEC in animal reservoirs while reducing the use of antimicrobials as much as possible.
Comments on ``Kerr Cell Measuring System for High Voltage Pulses'' (1965)

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