gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive protection against anthrax in mice with plasma derived from horses hyper-immunized againstBacillus anthracisSterne strain (2017)

In this study, equine source polyclonal anti-<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> immunoglobulins were generated and utilized to demonstrate passive protection of mice in a lethal challenge assay. Four horses were hyper-immunized with <i>B. anthracis</i> Sterne strain for approximately one year. The geometric mean anti-PA titer in the horses at maximal response following immunization was 1:77,936 (Log2 mean titer 16.25, SEM ± 0.25 95% CI [15.5 -17.0]). The geometric mean neutralizing titer at maximal response was 1:128 (Log2 mean titer 7, SEM ± 0.0, 95% CI 7). Treatment with hyper-immune plasma or purified immunoglobulins was successful in passively protecting A/J mice from a lethal <i>B. anthracis</i> Sterne strain challenge. The treatment of mice with hyper-immune plasma at time 0 h and 24 h post-infection had no effect on survival, but did significantly increase mean time to death (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Mice treated with purified immunoglobulins at time 0 h and 24 h post-infection in showed significant increase in survival rate (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Bacterial loads in lung, liver and spleen tissue were also assessed and were not significantly different in mice treated with hyper-immune plasma from placebo treated control mice. Mice treated with purified antibodies demonstrated mean colony forming units/gram tissue fourfold less than mice receiving placebo treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Immunotherapeutics harvested from horses immunized against <i>B. anthracis</i> Sterne strain represent a rapidly induced, inexpensive and effective expansion to the arsenal of treatments against anthrax.
Crowdsourced estimation of cognitive decline and resilience in Alzheimer's disease (2020)

Identifying accurate biomarkers of cognitive decline is essential for advancing early diagnosis and prevention therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease. The Alzheimer’s Disease DREAM Challenge was designed as a computational crowdsourced project to benchmark the current state-of-the-art in predicting cognitive outcomes in Alzheimer’s Disease based on high-dimensional, publicly available genetic and structural imaging data. This meta-analysis failed to identify a meaningful predictor developed from either data modality, suggesting that alternate approaches should be considered for to prediction of cognitive performance.
Bounds on the Parameters of Codes (2006)

In this chapter, we establish conditions on the parameters of codes. In the first part of the chapter, we present bounds that relate between the length n, size M, minimum distance d, and the alphabet size q of a code. Two of these bounds—the Singleton bound and the sphere-packing bound—imply necessary conditions on the values of n, M, d, and q, so that a code with the respective parameters indeed exists. We also exhibit families of codes that attain each of these bounds. The third bound which we present—the Gilbert–Varshamov bound—is an existence result: it states that there exists a linear [n, k, d] code over GF(q) whenever n, k, d, and q satisfy a certain inequality. Additional bounds are included in the problems at the end of this chapter. We end this part of the chapter by introducing another example of necessary conditions on codes—now in the form of MacWilliams' identities, which relate the distribution of the Hamming weights of the codewords in a linear code with the respective distribution in the dual code.
Effect of Interfacial Roughness on the Frictional Stress Measured Using Pushout Tests (1991)

A fiber which is partially pushed out of a surrounding matrix and subsequently pushed in the opposite direction exhibits a substantial decrease in sliding friction as it passes through its original position (its “origin”). This is manifest by a decrease in the load required to push the fiber. It is suggested that interfacial roughness causes this phenomenon and that the decrease in load (friction) is associated with the fiber seating back into its original position. The period of the drop has been correlated with the spatial extent of the interfacial surface roughness, and the magnitude of the drop (referred to hereafter as the seating drop) has been correlated with the amplitude of the interfacial roughness. Observation of the seating drop allows separation of the friction associated with interfacial irregularities from that resulting primarily from residual stresses at the interface. Implications for composite design and use are discussed. The effect of abrasion at the sliding interface is also addressed.
An analytical design methodology for dispersion-corrected metamaterial lenses (2016)

An analytical method based on paraxial ray-tracing equations is proposed for designing gradient-index (GRIN) metamaterial lenses with dispersion-correction. An instructive example is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness.
MON-433 The Spectrum Of Growth Hormone Excess In Carney Complex: Characterizing A Common Finding In A Rare Syndrome (2019)

Objective: Carney complex (CNC) is a familial lentiginosis and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, caused by PRKAR1A gene mutations in 70% of patients. Involvement of the pituitary somatotrophs may lead to growth hormone (GH) excess; however, little is published about the progress and management of these patients. Objective: To describe the relative frequency of GH excess in a large cohort of patients with CNC, and to identify the characteristics and the natural history of the disorder. Methods: Via retrospective chart review, we identified 135 patients who have been diagnosed with CNC and had at least one clinical and biochemical evaluation of GH secretion at the Clinical Center, NIH, from 1995-2018. GH secretion was considered abnormal if any of the following criteria occurred: elevated IGF1 (according to sex and age- or Tanner-stage reference range), lack of suppression to Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (GH >2ng/mL for samples collected before 1/1/1999, or GH >1ng/mL for samples collected afterwards), increase of GH by > 50% after TRH stimulation test, and mean GH level > 4.5 ng/mL during serial GH sampling. Results: Fifty-five subjects (40.7%) had at least one abnormal result in the diagnostic tests for GH secretion. Twenty-eight subjects (20.7%) had at least 2 abnormal diagnostic tests, and fit the diagnosis of GH excess. The mean age at diagnosis was 26.7 yo (range:5.8-61.2), which was similar with the age at the latest follow up of the remaining patients (p=NS). The presence of PRKAR1A gene mutation was not associated with the presence of GH dysregulation (p= 0.63). Of the patients with dysregulation of GH secretion, 75% had abnormal pituitary MRI at any time of their evaluation: 23.5% before biochemical diagnosis, 41% at the time of the first biochemical finding and 9.8% after biochemical diagnosis. Of the patients with normal GH results, 45% had abnormal findings in the pituitary MRI, including enlargement of the gland or pituitary lesions, which was lower than the GH excess cohort (p=0.001) however clinically significant. Management of the patients differed according to their biochemical findings and clinical symptoms. Of the patients with GH excess and available follow up, 15 patients (55.5%) required more definite treatment: 7/15 were treated with somatostatin analogues and 8/15 underwent transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma, while the remaining retained mild GH excess despite no intervention. Conclusion: Dysregulation of GH secretion is a common finding in CNC. The spectrum of the disorder ranges from isolated structural abnormalities identified at imaging studies, mild dysregulation of growth hormone secretion, and clinically significant GH excess. The diagnosis of growth hormone excess and the selection of patients requiring any intervention is of outmost importance given the potential implication of GH excess in tumor progression and subsequent comorbidities.
Separation of the protective enzyme bleomycin hydrolase from rabbit pulmonary aminopeptidases (1987)

Bleomycin (BLM) hydrolase inactivates the BLM class of antitumor antibiotics and protects against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This enzyme is poorly characterized but believed to be an aminopeptidase B. In the present report, both BLM hydrolase and aminopeptidase B from rabbit pulmonary cytosol were retained by arginyl-Sepharose and BLM-Sepharose affinity columns, further suggesting that these two enzymes are similar. When, however, BLM hydrolase was purified over 1800-fold by using our newly developed high-speed liquid chromatography assay for BLM hydrolase coupled with fast protein liquid chromatography, we found that this partially purified BLM hydrolase preparation lacked aminopeptidase B activity. Furthermore, BLM hydrolase was completely separated, by using anion-exchange Mono Q chromatography, from all the aminopeptidases identified in rabbit pulmonary cytosol: one aminopeptidase B, two aminopeptidases N, and one aminopeptidase with both aminopeptidase B and aminopeptidase N activities. Pulmonary BLM hydrolase also had a higher molecular weight than pulmonary aminopeptidase B. In contrast to aminopeptidase B, BLM hydrolase was not activated by NaCl and was much less stable at 4 degrees C. In addition, bestatin was a potent inhibitor of aminopeptidase B but had little effect on BLM hydrolase, while leupeptin was a potent inhibitor of BLM hydrolase but was less effective against aminopeptidase B. Thus, pulmonary BLM hydrolase and aminopeptidase B have affinity for each other's substrate, but they are clearly distinct enzymes on the basis of charge characteristics, molecular weight, stability, and sensitivity to inhibitors and activators.
Gapped and gapless phases of frustration-free spin-1/2 chains (2015)

We consider a family of translation-invariant quantum spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for these systems to be gapped in the thermodynamic limit. More precisely, let $ψ$ be an arbitrary two-qubit state. We consider a chain of $n$ qubits with open boundary conditions and Hamiltonian $H_n(ψ)$ which is defined as the sum of rank-1 projectors onto $ψ$ applied to consecutive pairs of qubits. We show that the spectral gap of $H_n(ψ)$ is upper bounded by $1/(n-1)$ if the eigenvalues of a certain two-by-two matrix simply related to $ψ$ have equal non-zero absolute value. Otherwise, the spectral gap is lower bounded by a positive constant independent of $n$ (depending only on $ψ$). A key ingredient in the proof is a new operator inequality for the ground space projector which expresses a monotonicity under the partial trace. This monotonicity property appears to be very general and might be interesting in its own right. As an extension of our main result, we obtain a complete classification of gapped and gapless phases of frustration-free translation-invariant spin-1/2 chains with nearest-neighbor interactions.
Aspergillus Utilizes Extracellular Heme as an Iron Source During Invasive Pneumonia, Driving Infection Severity (2022)

Invasive aspergillosis induces local hemolysis in infected tissues, thereby supplying heme iron to the fungus, leading to lethal infection.
Building 3D elevation maps of sea-floor scenes from underwater stereo images (2003)

Stereo vision has been used in the application of terrestrial mobile robots and the Mars Rover to construct a three-dimensional map of the environment from two-dimensional images. The geometrical issues of the problem for both calibrated and uncalibrated systems have been well studied. However, the main problem difficulty is solving the correspondence problem, or equivalently the accurate computation of the disparity, between the left and right images. The application of binocular vision to underwater imagery and some of the problem complexities arising from the inherent characteristics of the environments are investigated. Results of an experiment with underwater data under three turbidity conditions are presented to demonstrate some of these issues.
Human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells improve murine ventricular function upon intramyocardial delivery in right ventricular chronic pressure overload (2015)

These findings indicate that human UCB-derived MNCs promote an adaptive regenerative response in the right ventricle upon intramyocardial transplantation in the setting of chronic pressure overload heart failure.
Self-operated blood plasma separation using micropump in polymer-based microfluidic device (2006)

The blood is one of the best indicators of health because blood circulates all body tissues and collects information. The COC(Cyclo Olefin Copolymer) has better various properties than PMMA(Polymethy Mechacrylate) and PC(Polycarbonate) that are widely used in biotechnology field. This paper presents a new method of plasma separation on the COC in terms of surface modification for the development of a disposable protein chip. The blood plasma separation device was composed of a whole blood inlet, microchannel with filtration region of micropillars, micropump with microheater, and a blood cell outlet. Micropump with microheater was designed by ANSYS and flow model in the microchannel was designed by CFD-ACE<sup>+</sup> simulators. We successfully fabricated a polymer based microfluidic device for blood plasma separation by MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology. By using this device, cell-free plasma was successfully obtained through the filtration from a drop of whole blood without external force of a syringe pump.
Early production of IL-4 and induction of Th2 responses in the lymph node originate from an MHC class I-independent CD4+NK1.1- T cell population (1996)

Splenic CD4+NK1.1+ T cells have been shown to secrete large and transient amounts of IL-4 mRNA 90 min after i.v. injection of anti-CD3 Ab, suggesting that this novel subset of T cells may induce Th2 responses in the spleen by quickly providing IL-4 at the onset of an immune response. beta2-microglobulin-deficient (beta2m(o/o)) mice have been shown to contain strongly reduced numbers of NK1.1+ T cells and to be severely impaired in their capacity for rapid induction of IL-4 mRNA in response to anti-CD3, demonstrating that these cells are MHC class I dependent. To address the role of CD4+NK1.1+ T cells in the induction of Th2 responses against Leishmania major, we have dissected the onset and the outcome of the immune response elicited against the parasite in BALB/c-beta2m(o/o) mice and in anti-NK1.1-treated congenic BALB/c mice expressing the NK1.1 marker (BALB/c-NK1.1+). Both BALB/c-beta2m(o/o) and NK1.1-depleted BALB/c-NK1.1+ mice developed a progressive, nonhealing disease that was indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Upon infection, early induction of IL-4 mRNA in the lymph node was not affected in BALB/c-beta2m(o/o) and in NK1.1-depleted BALB/c-NK1.1+ mice, but was abrogated by injection of a CD4-depleting Ab. These data suggest that, in the lymph node, MHC class I-dependent CD4+NK1.1+ T cells do not play a major role in the generation of Th2 responses against L. major. To investigate whether the inability of NK1.1+ T cells to induce IL-4 production in the lymph node was specific to L. major Ag, mice were challenged with low doses of anti-CD3 Ab s.c. in the footpad. In contrast to the spleen, normal levels of IL-4 mRNA were expressed in the lymph nodes of BALB/c-beta2m(o/o) mice. Thus, the MHC class I-dependent CD4+NK1.1+ cell population that gives a rapid IL-4 response in the spleen appears not to contribute significantly to early induced IL-4 responses in the popliteal lymph nodes.
Mammary Gland Remodeling Depends on gp130 Signaling through Stat3 and MAPK (2004)

The interleukin-6 (IL6) family of cytokines signals through the common receptor subunit gp130, and subsequently activates Stat3, MAPK, and PI3K. Stat3 controls cell death and tissue remodeling in the mouse mammary gland during involution, which is partially induced by IL6 and LIF. However, it is not clear whether Stat3 activation is mediated solely through the gp130 pathway or also through other receptors. This question was explored in mice carrying two distinct mutations in the gp130 gene; one that resulted in the complete ablation of gp130 and one that led to the loss of Stat3 binding sites (gp130Delta/Delta). Deletion of gp130 specifically from mammary epithelium resulted in a complete loss of Stat3 activity and resistance to tissue remodeling comparable to that seen in the absence of Stat3. A less profound delay of mammary tissue remodeling was observed in gp130Delta/Delta mice. Stat3 tyrosine and serine phosphorylation was still detected in these mice suggesting that Stat3 activation could be the result of gp130 interfacing with other receptors. Experiments in primary mammary epithelial cells and transfected COS-7 cells revealed a p44/42 MAPK and EGFR-dependent Stat3 activation. Moreover, the gp130-dependent EGFR activation was independent of EGF ligands, suggesting a cytoplasmic interaction and cross-talk between these two receptors. These experiments establish that two distinct Stat3 signaling pathways emanating from gp130 are utilized in mammary tissue.
Horus—A Fully Digital Polarimetric Phased Array Radar for Next-Generation Weather Observations (2023)

Weather radars have become indispensable to meteorologists and the general public for both understanding and awareness of high-impact weather events and as part of the operational warning infrastructure. In the U.S., the operational weather radar network is composed of approximately 160 WSR-88D radars, which are S-band, dish-based, polarimetric Doppler radars. This work reports on the development of a fully digital phased array weather radar that is being used to assess the potential of such technology as a replacement for the WSR-88D radars. The “Horus” radar is a truck-based, S-band, fully digital polarimetric phased array radar. Fully digital systems hold promise for meeting some of the greatest technical challenges facing the meteorological community, such as the effective integration of dual-polarization capability with phased array beam agility. This paper describes the fully digital Horus phased array weather radar that was recently completed by the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). An overview of the advantages and challenges facing fully digital arrays for weather observations is provided along with potential mitigation strategies. Initial weather observations with Horus are given with the goal of assessing the radar scanning capabilities and most importantly the polarimetric quality. Finally, a vision for the future of next-generation weather radar operations is given with an eye toward leveraging the scalable design of Horus for high-resolution weather observations.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Nature of Tumor Control by Permanently and Transiently Modified GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Xenograft Models of Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Bioluminescent xenograft model of disseminated neuroblastoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of Restrained and Unrestrained Shrinkage of Reinforced Concrete Using Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors (2022)

Shrinkage is an important component of the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, however, the number of variables that affect shrinkage make it a complex time-dependent phenomenon. Additionally, as new concrete materials with lower embodied carbon gain popularity, there is a need for an in-depth understanding into their shrinkage behaviour before they can be widely adopted by industry. Currently, the shrinkage behaviour of concrete is studied using discrete measurements on small-scale unrestrained prisms. Distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) potentially provides a method of measuring both restrained (with reinforcement) and unrestrained (without reinforcement) shrinkage in both small-scale specimens and structural elements. In the current study, methods of measuring distributed unrestrained shrinkage strains were developed and evaluated, and the restrained shrinkage strains in different types of structural members were studied. Unrestrained shrinkage strains were measured using fibres optic cables embedded in small concrete prisms, while restrained shrinkage strains were measured with fibres bonded to the longitudinal reinforcement. Unrestrained shrinkage strains were found to be highly variable (as large as 3800 microstrain range) depending on location, but further research needs to be undertaken to account for end effects, early-stage shrinkage, and bond between the fibre optic cable and the concrete. Restrained shrinkage strains from structural members revealed non-uniform shrinkage strain distributions along member length due to functional grading as well as high supplementary cementitious material concretes, suggesting that shrinkage models will need to account for this variability.
Potential dependence of the conductivity of polyacetylene: finite potential windows of high conductivity (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential dependence of the conductivity of polyacetylene: finite potential windows of high conductivityDavid Ofer, Lee Y. Park, Richard R. Schrock, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 4, 573–575Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00016a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00016a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dependence of Paper Surface and Volume Resistivity on Electric Field Strength (2008)

Toner transfer efficiency in electrophotography and the resulting image quality are influenced by the resistivity of the substrate. Resistivity measurements are, however, often made using electric fields that are lower than those used in the transfer of toner in electrophotography. The dependence of surface and volume resistivity on electric field strength, including fields similar to those utilized in the toner transfer of electrophotographic printers, has been studied. Resistivities of paper samples with differences in grammage, filler content, and calendering were evaluated utilizing electrodes with a geometry in accordance with the ASTM D257 (volume resistivity) and raker-type electrodes (surface resistivity) applying electric fields of between 102 and 105 V/cm. The surface resistivity and especially the volume resistivity of paper were found to be strongly dependent on the electric field strength, the characteristics of this dependence being influenced by paper properties. The study of the field dependence further indicated that the Poole-Frenkel type of hopping drift of ions could be applied to conduction in paper, although the electric field dependence was overlapped by paper compression effects. Shottky's model was considered also, but it seems that the role of contact effects is small.
Combinatorial Screening of Potential Fuel Cell Catalysts (2008)

Abstract not Available.