gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Handheld Microdischarge Spectroscopy System for High-Speed Chemical Analysis of Gaseous and Liquid Samples (2006)

This paper presents a handheld microsystem that uses discharge spectroscopy to analyze chemicals both in vapor and liquid phases. The system employs a battery-operated circuit and interface for generating the microdischarge and performing the analysis. It uses swappable liquid and gas discharge microchips, which interface to the common platform. A pump and inert carrier gases are not utilized. The system can generate one or a series of single shot microdischarges per chemical analysis. Synchronized emission spectroscopy is used to optimize sampling. The liquid discharge microchip has an active area of 1 mm x 1 mm and a discharge gap of 50 µ m. It employs a porous cathode which for introduction of the liquid into the microplasma. This results in a reliable system that can detect 2 ppm of Cr sample without preconcentration. The gas discharge microchip uses the discharge between two metal electrodes. It has a discharge gap of 50 µ m and and an active area of 500 µ m x 500 µ m. The sensor detects 13 ppm of acetone vapor in air.
Raman spectroscopy and strain mapping in individualGe-SixGe1−xcore-shell nanowires (2012)

Core-shell ${\text{Ge-Si}}_{x}$${\text{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ nanowires (NWs) are expected to contain large strain fields due to the lattice mismatch at the core-shell interface. Here we report the measurement of core strain in a NW heterostructure using Raman spectroscopy. We compare the Raman spectra, and the frequency of the Ge-Ge mode measured in individual ${\text{Ge-Si}}_{0.5}$${\text{Ge}}_{0.5}$ core-shells, and bare Ge NWs. We find that the Ge-Ge mode frequency is diameter independent in Ge NWs with a value similar to that of bulk Ge, 300.5 ${\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. On the other hand, ${\text{Ge-Si}}_{0.5}$${\text{Ge}}_{0.5}$ core-shell nanowires reveal a strain-induced blue shift of the Ge-Ge mode, dependent on the relative core and shell thicknesses. Using lattice dynamical theory we determine the strain in the Ge core and show that the results are in good agreement with values calculated using a continuum elasticity model.
Non-uniform response in the pole tips of thin film recording heads (1987)

A scanning magneto-optic imaging system has been used to observe the dynamic response of the pole tips of thin film recording heads at the air-bearing surface. The magnetic response at the pole faces is non-uniform. The magnetic response is seen to exhibit maximum switching in the region adjacent to the gap, and along the track edges of the trailing pole. The peaked response adjacent to the gap is due to the closing of flux between the pole faces through the path of least reluctance. The response at the edge is due to the additional flux which must enter this pole from the wider trailing pole. In the region adjacent to the gap, variations in the amount of switching are seen on wider track thin film heads. The non-uniform behavior of the poles has been related to written transitions on thin film medium.
Effect of Backpressure on Ion Current Density Measurements in Hall Thruster Plumes (2005)

The effects of facility backpressure and localized electric fields on the measured ion current densities of Hall thrusters are investigated. Langmuir probe measurements are taken in the near-field plasma surrounding a nude Faraday probe, which is located 1 m from the exit plane of the University of Michigan/U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory P5 Hall thruster. The thruster is operated at an anode flow rate of 5.30 mg/s, at backpressures of 1.5 × 10−3 Pa (1.1 × 10−5 torr) and 4.8 × 10−4 Pa (3.6 × 10−6 torr), corrected for xenon. The effect of the facility backpressure is clearly seen in the wings of the plume. A combination of charge-exchange collisions and vacuum chamber gas ingestion into the thruster is believed to be the cause of this phenomenon. The Langmuir probe results indicate that the electric fields near the nude Faraday probe are functions of facility backpressure and the angle from the thruster centerline. The plasma potential measured within 20 mm of the probe varied by no more than 3 V. Thus, the electric fields near the nude Faraday probe are not large enough to explain the increased collection of charge-exchange ions at elevated facility background pressures and large angles from the thruster centerline.
Radar mechanocardiography: A novel analysis of the mechanical behavior of the heart (2008)

In this paper a novel system for detection of the mechanical movement of heart, mechanocardiography (MCG), with no connection to the subject's body is presented. This signal is based on radar technology. The acquired signal is highly correlated to the acceleration-based ballistocardiograph signal (BCG) recorded directly from the sternum. It is shown that the heart and breathing rates can be reliably detected using this system.
Supplementary Data from CD74-NRG1 Fusions Are Oncogenic <i>In Vivo</i> and Induce Therapeutically Tractable ERBB2:ERBB3 Heterodimerization (2023)

Supplementary Data from CD74-NRG1 Fusions Are Oncogenic &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; and Induce Therapeutically Tractable ERBB2:ERBB3 Heterodimerization
Voltage-activated potassium currents of rabbit osteoclasts: effects of extracellular calcium (1994)

The effects of increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e) were examined on a delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK) and an inward-rectifier K+ current (IK1) in rabbit osteoclasts. Elevation of [Ca2+]e from 1.8 to 18 mM shifted the half point for IK activation by +11.5 mV and the voltage dependence of inactivation by +9.7 mV and slowed the rate of IK activation and deactivation. These effects of elevated [Ca2+]e on IK are consistent with screening of cell surface negative charge. However, elevation of [Ca2+]e increased the voltage-dependent kinetics of IK inactivation at all potentials tested, inconsistent with that predicted by simple surface charge theory. This finding suggests an additional, regulatory role for [Ca2+]e in the gating of IK channels. Some osteoclasts had an IK1, which was decreased when [Ca2+]e was raised from 1.8 to 18 mM. The physiological function of both types of K+ currents remains to be determined, and it is not clear whether these currents are involved with the coupling of cytosolic [Ca2+] to [Ca2+]e.
Automated stable grasping with two-fingered microhand using micro force sensor (2013)

Recently, with the development of life science field, micromanipulation technology has attracted attention. A two-fingered microhand system, that has been developed as a micro manipulator, can perform dexterous cell manipulation such as grasping, rotating, and transferring using two end effectors in a chopstick-like motion. The automated manipulation uses processing results based on all-in-focus (AIF) images and depth map obtained from the vision system; however, errors in the results still reduce the efficiency of the system. In this study, we introduce an automated grasping system that corrects the image processing error using the reaction force from the target object during grasping maneuvers. In our improved microhand system, micro force sensors that comprises strain gauge are attached to the two fingers of microhand. The two fingers with micro force sensor are set to be able to measure the horizontal and vertical forces to detect grasping state, precisely. Using the sensor information and the image processing results, we demonstrate that this system improves the accuracy and success rate of automated grasping.
Porcine mesenchymal stem cells - Current technological status and future perspective (2009)

Similarities of porcine mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) with human counterpart allow them to be considered as a valuable model system for in vitro studies and preclinical assessments. Effective isolation and expansion of porcine MSCs from different origins, namely bone marrow, umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood has been reported. The differentiation of porcine MSCs into mesenchymal lineages under in vitro conditions is consistent and growing evidence has also suggested their transdifferentiation abilities. Results of preclinical studies unveil a time dependent retention, engraftment, migration, ex vivo and in vivo differentiation characteristics and possibility for genetic modification of MSCs. Findings on immunogenicity and the immunomodulatory capacity of porcine MSCs are encouraging and valuable to understand the host compatibility following transplantation. Furthermore, suitability of porcine MSCs as donors in nuclear transfer offers a greater potential to medicine and biopharming. Here, we highlight recent findings in the areas of porcine MSC sources, differentiation ability, transplantation applications and their potential as nuclear donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Oxygen Assisted Lithium‐Iodine Batteries: Towards Practical Iodine Cathodes and Viable Lithium Metal Protection Strategies (2023)

Abstract Rechargeable batteries with iodine‐based cathodes have recently been the subject of significant interest due to the moderately high theoretical specific energy (≈600 Wh kg −1 ) and high‐rate capability (&gt;5 C) of the iodine cathode. Progress however has been impeded by the relatively low iodine contents of reported iodine‐based cathodes. This is likely due to high rates of poly‐iodide shuttling and cell instability that takes place at higher cell loadings. To reinforce the lithium metal anode, oxygen gas is introduced in the cells, which leads to a more robust solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, improving cell stability. This oxygen‐assisted lithium‐iodine (OALI) battery overcomes many of the shortcomings of other reported lithium‐iodine batteries by utilizing a simple to fabricate lithium iodide (LiI) on activated carbon cathode with cell operating under an oxygen containing atmosphere to realize high‐rate capability (&gt;50 mA cm −2 ) and high areal capacity (&gt;12 mAh cm −2 ).
A nanofluidic device for parallel single nanoparticle catalysis in solution (2019)

Studying single catalyst nanoparticles, during reaction, eliminates averaging effects that are an inherent limitation of ensemble experiments. It enables establishing structure-function correlations beyond averaged properties by including particle-specific descriptors such as defects, chemical heterogeneity and microstructure. Driven by these prospects, several single particle catalysis concepts have been implemented. However, they all have limitations such as low throughput, or that they require very low reactant concentrations and/or reaction rates. In response, we present a nanofluidic device for highly parallelized single nanoparticle catalysis in solution, based on fluorescence microscopy. Our device enables parallel scrutiny of tens of single nanoparticles, each isolated inside its own nanofluidic channel, and at tunable reaction conditions, ranging from the fully mass transport limited regime to the surface reaction limited regime. In a wider perspective, our concept provides a versatile platform for highly parallelized single particle catalysis in solution and constitutes a promising application area for nanofluidics.
In situ post etch treatment as solution to improve defect density for porous Low-k integration using metallic hard mask (2009)

International audience
Design of a Silicon Carbide JFET based operational amplifier for gain and CMRR performance (2009)

Although silicon carbide (SiC) JFETs are superior candidates for high temperature and harsh environment applications, they exhibit significant design challenges even at room temperature, such as low intrinsic gain and low gate to source voltage range (GSVR) requirement. The primary goal of this paper is to present an opportunity demonstrating the feasibility of a fully SiC JFET based operational amplifier (opamp). Considering wide bandgap property of SiC material, the same design is not feasible using silicon JFETs. An opamp based on two types of enhancement and depletion mode SiC JFETs is designed, fabricated, and tested. Before designing the opamp, enhancement and depletion mode SiC JFETs are characterized and modeled for SPICE and simulation. In order to offset the low intrinsic gain effect of the transistors and achieve high overall gain and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), gain enhancing design techniques such as cascoding and bootstrapping are applied in a way that low GSVR requirement is taken into account. The performance of the final opamp shows 67 dB of open loop gain and 73 dB of CMRR.
The Photosensitizing Efficacy of Micelles Containing a Porphyrinic Photosensitizer and KI against Resistant Melanoma Cells (2020)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative to overcome the resistance of melanoma to conventional therapies. Currently applied photosensitizers (PS) are often based on tetrapyrrolic macrocycles like porphyrins. Unfortunately, in some cases the use of this type of derivative is limited due to their poor solubility in the biological environment. Feasible approaches to surpass this drawback are based on lipid formulations. Besides that, and inspired in the efficacy of potassium iodide (KI) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), the combined effect of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ) with KI was assessed in this work, as an alternative strategy to potentiate the effect of PDT against resistant melanoma cells.
Improved Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna (2015)

Abstract : An antenna for mounting on a ground plane includes a dielectric substrate for mounting on the ground plane. A conductive patch dimensioned to a design frequency is positioned on the substrate. A frequency selective surface is mounted at a specific spacing above the conductive patch creating a Fabry-Perot cavity effect between the surface and the patch at the design frequency. A spacer can be included for maintaining the spacing between the patch and the frequency selective surface.
Mortality in Elderly Patients After Cervical Spine Fractures (2010)

Operative treatment of cervical spine fractures is associated with a lower mortality rate at three months but not at one year postoperatively for patients between sixty-five and seventy-four years old at the time of fracture.
Analysis and Mitigation of the Reflected Power on an S-band Planar Phased Array Antenna Transmitting in a Wet Spherical Radome (2022)

An active S-band dual-polarized multifunction phased array radar, the Advanced Technology Demonstrator (ATD), has recently been developed for weather sensing and aircraft surveillance. The ATD is a 4-m diameter active electronically scanned array (AESA) with 4864 transmit/receive (T/R) modules was installed in a spherical radome. Simulations and a novel phased array measurement technique have been explored to assess the impact of high reflectivity from a wet radome during rain that can potentially induce voltages exceeding the transmit amplifier breakdown voltage. Simulations show that when the radome surface is wet and highly reflective due to lack of hydrophobicity, certain electronic steering angles sum to a large reflected signal focused on the array face. The measurement technique uses array elements radiating one at a time to illuminate the radome in dry and wet conditions, and uses superposition to quantify the received signal power in a reference antenna on the face of the array. This measurement technique is being used prior to high-power phased array radar operation to monitor the magnitude of reflections and help avoid element transmit amplifier failures.
Immunogenicity of Live Attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 Producing the Universal Influenza Vaccine Candidate M2e (2013)

Using recombinant FHA-3M2e-producing BPZE1 derivatives for priming and the universal influenza M2e peptide linked to virus-like particles for boosting may constitute a promising approach for needle-free and adjuvant-free nasal vaccination against influenza.
Nanofactories based on a fleet of scientific instruments configured as miniature autonomous robots (2002)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Invasive Lesions Containing Filamentous Forms Produced by a Candida albicans Mutant That Is Defective in Filamentous Growth in Culture (1999)

A Candida albicans efg1 cph1 double mutant is nonfilamentous under standard laboratory conditions and avirulent in mice. However, this mutant produced filaments in the tongues of immunosuppressed gnotobiotic piglets and when embedded in agar, demonstrating that an Efg1p- and Cph1p-independent pathway for promotion of filamentous growth exists.
(Ir)regularity in nominal root compounds (2012)

This paper offers a new account for the description of the distinction between nominal root compounds in Germanic vs. Romance languages, thus sharpening the line between regular and irregular processes of word formation. On the basis of data from German it is shown that a more careful distinction needs to be made between productive, recursive and compositional processes of word formation and lexical, non-compositional and non-recursive processes. By following independently motivated accounts that relate phase-theory to morphology (e.g. Marantz 2007), it is possible to cast this distinction in terms of the presence vs. absence of compound internal inflectional markers and their availability vs. nonavailability for computation and interpretation at the phase level.
Crystal structures of aspartate carbamoyltransferase ligated with phosphonoacetamide, malonate, and CTP or ATP at 2.8-.ANG. resolution and neutral pH (1990)

The R-state structures of the ATP and CTP complexes of aspartate carbamoyltransferase ligated with phosphonoacetamide and malonate have been determined at 2.8-A resolution and neutral pH. These structures were solved by the method of molecular replacement and were refined to crystallographic residuals between 0.167 and 0.182. The triphosphate, the ribose, and the purine and pyrimidine moieties of ATP and CTP interact with similar regions of the allosteric domain of the regulatory dimer. ATP and CTP relatively increase and decrease the size of the allosteric site in the vicinity of the base, respectively. For both CTP and ATP at pH 7, the gamma-phosphates are bound to His20 and are also near Lys94, while the alpha-phosphates interact exclusively with Lys94. The 2'-hydroxyls of both CTP and ATP are near the amino group of Lys60. The pyrimidine ring of CTP makes specific hydrogen bonds at the allosteric site: the NH2 group donates hydrogen bonds to the main-chain carbonyls of Ile12 and Tyr89 and the pyrimidine ring carbonyl oxygen accepts a hydrogen bond from the amino group of Lys60; the nitrogen at position 3 in the pyrimidine ring is hydrogen bonded to a main-chain NH group of Ile12. The purine ring of ATP also makes numerous interactions with residues at the allosteric site: the purine NH2 (analogous to the amino group of CTP) donates a hydrogen bond to the main-chain carbonyl oxygen of Ile12, the N3 nitrogen interacts with the amino group of Lys60, and the N1 nitrogen hydrogen bonds to the NH group of Ile12. The binding of CTP and ATP to the allosteric site in the presence of phosphonoacetamide and malonate does not dramatically alter the structure of the allosteric binding site or of the allosteric domain. Nonetheless, in the CTP-ligated structure, the average separation between the catalytic trimers decreases by approximately 0.5 A, indicating a small shift of the quaternary structure toward the T state. In the CTP- and ATP-ligated R-state structures, the binding and occupancy of phosphonoacetamide and malonate are similar and the structures of the active sites are similar at the current resolution of 2.8 A.
Neutralizing Antibodies against Lassa Virus Lineage I (2022)

Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of the deadly Lassa fever (LF). Seven distinct LASV lineages circulate through western Africa, among which lineage I (LI), the first to be identified, is particularly resistant to antibody neutralization. Lineage I LASV evades neutralization by half of known antibodies in the GPC-A antibody competition group and all but one of the antibodies in the GPC-B competition group. Here, we solve two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of LI GP in complex with a GPC-A and a GPC-B antibody. We used complementary structural and biochemical techniques to identify single-amino-acid substitutions in LI that are responsible for immune evasion by each antibody group. Further, we show that LI infection is more dependent on the endosomal receptor lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) for viral entry relative to LIV. In the absence of LAMP1, LI requires a more acidic fusion pH to initiate membrane fusion with the host cell relative to LIV. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> No vaccine or therapeutics are approved to prevent LASV infection or treat LF. All vaccine platforms currently under development present only the LIV GP sequence. However, our data suggest that the high genetic diversity of LASV may be problematic for designing both a broadly reactive immunogen and therapeutic. Here, we examine antibodies that are highly potent against LIV yet are ineffective against LI. By pinpointing LI mutations responsible for this decrease in antibody efficacy, we suggest that future vaccine platforms may need to incorporate specific LI-like mutations in order to generate a broadly neutralizing antibody response against all LASV lineages.
ChemInform Abstract: MEROSTABILIZATION OF BIRADICALOID INTERMEDIATES AS A FACTOR IN DETERMINING RATES AND REGIOSELECTIVITY IN (4 + 2) CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF REISSERT HYDROFLUOROBORATE SALTS WITH ALKENES AND ALKYNES (1982)

Abstract Das Reissert‐Hydrofluoroborat (I) reagiert mit Alkenen (II) zu den Pyrryl‐isochinolinen (III).
PARP Inhibition Elicits STING-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Brca1-Deficient Ovarian Cancer (2018)

PARP inhibitors have shown promising clinical activities for patients with BRCA mutations and are changing the landscape of ovarian cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of action for PARP inhibition in the interaction of tumors with the tumor microenvironment and the host immune system remain unclear. We find that PARP inhibition by olaparib triggers robust local and systemic antitumor immunity involving both adaptive and innate immune responses through a STING-dependent antitumor immune response in mice bearing Brca1-deficient ovarian tumors. This effect is further augmented when olaparib is combined with PD-1 blockade. Our findings thus provide a molecular mechanism underlying antitumor activity by PARP inhibition and lay a foundation to improve therapeutic outcome for cancer patients.
Prevention of Ocular Scarring After Glaucoma Filtering Surgery Using the Monoclonal Antibody LT1009 (Sonepcizumab) in a Rabbit Model (2011)

The monoclonal antibody LT1009 demonstrated a longer duration of bleb elevation than BSS control without adverse conjunctival effects associated with MMC. However, after multiple doses LT1009 use was associated with short-term upper eyelid edema.