gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monodisperse Dual‐Functional Upconversion Nanoparticles Enabled Near‐Infrared Organolead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

Abstract Extending the spectral absorption of organolead halide perovskite solar cells from visible into near‐infrared (NIR) range renders the minimization of non‐absorption loss of solar photons with improved energy alignment. Herein, we report on, for the first time, a viable strategy of capitalizing on judiciously synthesized monodisperse NaYF 4 :Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the mesoporous electrode for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells and more importantly confer perovskite solar cells to be operative under NIR light. Uniform NaYF 4 :Yb/Er UCNPs are first crafted by employing rationally designed double hydrophilic star‐like poly(acrylic acid)‐ block ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PAA‐b‐PEO) diblock copolymer as nanoreactor, imparting the solubility of UCNPs and the tunability of film porosity during the manufacturing process. The subsequent incorporation of NaYF 4 :Yb/Er UCNPs as the mesoporous electrode led to a high efficiency of 17.8 %, which was further increased to 18.1 % upon NIR irradiation. The in situ integration of upconversion materials as functional components of perovskite solar cells offers the expanded flexibility for engineering the device architecture and broadening the solar spectral use.
Free-electron-driven X-ray caustics from strained van der Waals materials (2022)

Abstract Tunable nanoscale shaping of X-ray waves remains as an open challenge of critical importance for applications in high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and imaging. In contrast to this high photon energy regime, shaping of light waves in the visible and infrared regimes is routinely undertaken in a vast range of applications by means of abundantly available optical components. However, analogous optical elements are scarcer for X-rays. Here, we propose a new paradigm based on van der Waals (vdW) materials for shaping X-ray waves directly at the source. By inducing strain and bending on vdW materials, we control their interaction with free electrons in a manner that tunes the emission of X-rays and forms caustic X-ray beams. The geometry of the vdW material alters the caustic beam properties, including its focal length, spot size, and diffraction-free length. The ability to integrate X-ray shaping into the electron-driven emission process bypasses the efficiency limits of current optical techniques in this spectral regime. Looking forward, by shaping X-ray wave interference at the atomic scale we open new horizons in high-resolution X-ray science.
MO‐D‐AUD B‐03: An Enabling Technology for Creating Sculpted Brachytherapy Dose Patterns with the Xoft Axxent™ System (2008)

Purpose: Study a potential means of partially attenuating X‐rays from the Xoft Axxent™ system over controlled spatial areas, while minimizing changes to depth‐dose characteristics. This would be the basis of an enabling technology to sculpt brachytherapy dose patterns to, for example, spare critical structures such as skin in breast brachytherapy treatments. Method and Materials: Measurements of output were made from the Xoft 50 kVp source attenuated by thin (0.001″) dot‐shaped layers of silver, with diameters of several mm. Measurements were made with azimuthal scans around the source at distances from 2 to 7 cm. The dots were attached to the source cooling catheter, approximately 2.6 mm from the source center. Attenuation calculations and Monte Carlo studies of the effect were performed using EGSnrc. Results: Partially attenuating dots of silver create shadows in measured dose that agree with attenuation calculations in proportion, and in the critical behavior of how the attenuation varies with distance. Monte Carlo studies were consistent with measured results. Materials other than silver (or elements nearby in atomic number) will harden the beam, and so the attenuation will lessen with distance. Silver has much less of a hardening effect, because the K absorption edge reduces the higher energy portion of the spectrum at a rate similar to the losses in the lower energy region. Conclusion: It is possible to create predictable, directed shadows in dose around the Xoft 50 kVp x‐ray source using practical thicknesses of silver foils. The shadows have soft edges owing to penumbral effects when the dots are placed on the cooling catheter, within a few mm of the source. Such shadows could be used in future applications to spare healthy tissue during brachytherapy. In a simulated breast treatment plan, using a simple model of the attenuation, isodose lines were shifted by several mm.
Sensor-less Force Control for Machine Tool Using Reaction Torque Observer (2006)

In recent years, a force control system is applied to many applications. There is much research about force control for machine tools. Generally, in force control systems, the force information from the environment is detected by force sensor. However, the control system using force sensor has some problems, such as signal noise, colocation problem and narrow bandwidth. This paper proposes a new force sensor-less control system using a reaction torque observer. The proposed control method is applied to a machine tool using ball screw. Since the actuator using ball screw and timing belt has a torsional vibration phenomenon, the proposed reaction torque observer should consider this torsional vibration. As a result, this paper realizes the sensor-less control for machine tool using reaction torque observer. The validity of the proposed force control method is confirmed by several experimental results.
Comparison of different 1-D interpolation algorithms for estimation of shadow fading (2013)

Lack of coordination between cognitive radio system and primary users requires learning about RF propagation features in the environment as key input to adaptive system parameters. Channel gain cartography is to enable having RF propagation maps. The challenging task is how to predict (or estimate) the shadowing of the channel gain maps. In this paper, different 1-D interpolation algorithms are tested against a shadow fading series that exhibits decaying exponential correlation versus distance behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity ranges over which each interpolation algorithm works well to estimate the shadow fading. The tested validity ranges are correlation distance, standard deviation of shadow fading and data density level of measured data.
Cardiac output is improved in rats with myocardial infarction by enhancement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (2015)

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is the physiological modulation of heart rate during respiration. Whilst its physiological function is debated, recent mathematical modelling predicts that RSA saves cardiac energy. Heart failure is associated with a loss of RSA. We aimed to test whether RSA would improve cardiac function in rats 3 days after left ascending coronary artery ligation (post‐MI). Cardiac dysfunction was indicated by infarct size (43±7% of left ventricle) and prolonged systole duration accompanied by reduced peak aortic flow compared to SHAM rats. We built and used a novel central pattern generator (CPG) that, utilizing real‐time diaphragm electromyogram input, generated RSA via respiratory phase‐locked stimulus output to the right cervical vagus nerve. In post‐MI rats, RSA enhancement caused a 12±3% increase in stroke volume, irrespective of the RSA amplitude. Tonic VNS at matched average heart rate increased stroke volume to a similar degree (8±1%, P =0.25 compared to RSA) (n = 7). Despite the increase in stroke volume, myocardial lactate concentrations were unchanged after 45 min of RSA (29±7bpm) or tonic VNS treatment ( P = 0.35, One‐way ANOVA). Using a novel CPG device we have demonstrated that, in an acute setting, RSA increases stroke volume in post‐MI rats. British Heart Foundation and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Functional mapping of androgen receptor enhancer activity (2020)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) is critical to the initiation, growth and progression of almost all prostate cancers. Once activated, the AR binds to cis -regulatory enhancer elements on DNA that drive gene expression. Yet, there are 10-100x more binding sites than differentially expressed genes. It still remains unclear how individual sites contribute to AR-mediated transcription. While descriptive functional genomic approaches broadly correlate with enhancer activity, they do not provide the locus-specific resolution needed to delineate the underlying regulatory logic of AR-mediated transcription. Therefore, we functionally tested all commonly occuring clinical AR binding sites with Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Regions sequencing (STARRseq) to generate the first map of intrinsic AR enhancer activity. This approach is not significantly affected by endogenous chromatin modifications and measures the potential enhancer activity at each cis -regulatory element. Interestingly we found that only 7% of AR binding sites displayed increased enhancer activity upon hormonal stimulation. Instead, the vast majority of AR binding sites were either inactive (81%) or constitutively active enhancers (11%). These annotations strongly correlated with enhancer-associated features in both cell line and clinical prostate cancer. With these validated annotations we next investigated the effect of each enhancer class on transcription and found that AR-driven inducible enhancers frequently interacted with promoters, forming central chromosomal loops critical for gene transcription. We demonstrated that these inducible enhancers act as regulatory hubs that increase contacts with both other AR binding sites and gene promoters. This functional map was used to identify a somatic mutation that significantly reduces the expression of a commonly mutated AR-regulated tumour suppressor. Together, our data reveal a complex interplay between different AR binding sites that work in a highly coordinated manner to drive gene transcription.
Facile synthesis of 2-substituted ethyl 2-(2-amino-5-ethoxycarbonylthiazol-4-yl)ethanoates (2002)

An easy and convenient synthesis of highly functionalized 2-aminothiazole derivatives is described. Ethyl 2-bromo-2-(2-amino-5-ethoxycarbonylthiazol-4-yl)ethanoate 4 was obtained by reaction of 2,4-dibromo-3-oxoglutarate with thiourea. It can be transformed to 2-iminoethanoate 10 by nucleophilic displacement of the bromide with an azide ion followed by rearrangement with elimination of the molecule of nitrogen. Hydrolysis of the iminoethanoate 10 affords 2-oxoethanoate 12, while hydrogenation leads to 2-aminoethanoate 14. The crystal structure determination of 2-iminoethanoate 11 is reported.
Waveguides and Transmission Lines (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Rectangular Waveguides and Cavities Circular Waveguides and Cavities Evanescent Modes Planar Transmission Lines Distributed Circuits Conclusions References
Communication Orale : "Sulfonated polystyrene-type plasma polymers as original membranes for PEFMC or DMFC" (2008)

Fuel Cells Science & tchnology 2008 - Scientific Advances in Fuel Cell Systems, Copenhague (Pays-Bas), 8-9 Octobre 2008
Improved Bioavailability with Dry Powder Cannabidiol Inhalation: A Phase 1 Clinical Study (2021)

Oral cannabidiol (CBD) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat patients with Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes and tuberous sclerosis complex. The therapeutic potential of oral CBD formulations is limited by extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. Following oral administration, the inactive metabolite blood concentration is ∼40-fold higher than CBD. Inhalation bypasses the pharmacokinetic (PK) variability attributed to irregular gastrointestinal absorption and first-pass hepatic metabolism and may efficiently deliver CBD into systemic circulation. This phase 1 study compared the PK of a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) CBD formulation (10 mg powder containing 2.1 mg CBD) with an oral CBD solution (Epidiolex®, 50 mg) in healthy participants. Following a single dose of Epidiolex or DPI CBD (n=10 PK evaluable participants each), the maximum CBD concentration for the inhaled powder was 71-fold higher than that of Epidiolex while administering 24-fold less CBD. The mean time to reach maximum concentration was 3.8 min for the DPI CBD formulation compared with 122 min for Epidiolex. Both Epidiolex and DPI CBD were generally safe and well-tolerated. These data indicate that DPI CBD provided more rapid onset and increased bioavailability than oral CBD and support further investigations on the use of DPI CBD for acute indications.
Photonic-chip based multimodal optical imaging of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections (Conference Presentation) (2023)

Histology is a well-known examination technique to study the biological cell and tissue structures. For histological assessment, imaging throughput, contrast, resolution, and quantification of morphology are crucial parameters. Although, there are techniques available which can scan the whole slide, but they lack specificity and quantification. In present study, we introduce a photonic chip based platform for multimodal imaging of FFPE tissue sections. Here, the photonic chip platform was integrated with Linnik type QPM module, which enables high contrast TIRF imaging and optical thickness of the specimen over scalable FOV. The proposed system has been used as a high throughput microscopy platform to study the functional and morphological features of FFPE human placenta tissue sections. The investigation of the tissue sections facilitates the identification and diagnosis of the various diseases, which can provide direction for treatment and can assist the prognosis of clinical outcome.
Naphtalenediimide-based donor–acceptor copolymer prepared by chain-growth catalyst-transfer polycondensation: evaluation of electron-transporting properties and application in printed polymer transistors (2014)

Comparison of naphtalenediimide-based copolymers used in TFTs and printed polymeric OFETs with mobility of ∼0.2 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>.
Coating-induced wave-front aberrations: on-axis astigmatism and chromatic aberration in all-reflecting systems (1994)

The coatings used on telescope mirrors and other optical interfaces can have a marked effect on an optical system's image quality. We describe the wave-front aberrations, particularly the defocus and on-axis astigmatism, that are induced by the s- and p-phase shifts of coatings. These coating-induced wave-front aberrations are very small, particularly near the design wavelengths of the coatings, but they can under certain circumstances overshadow the geometric wave-front aberrations of the system. The wave-front aberrations that are induced by reflection-enhanced coatings on an À/1.5 Cassegrain telescope are numerically evaluated as an example. A theory of coating-induced on-axis astigmatism and chromatic aberration is presented, and a simple algorithm that uses polarization ray tracing to calculate coating-induced defocus and astigmatism coefficients in radially symmetric systems is provided.
Characterization of a large volume spherical resonator for studies of acoustically induced cavitation in liquids (2007)

This paper describes a spherical acoustical resonator system used to study acoustic cavitation phenomena in liquids as part of an effort to scale up the energy density of collapse of transient cavitation. The resonator is formed by a stainless steel spherical shell 24.1 cm in diameter (OD) and either 1.27 cm or 1.90 cm thick designed for generating transient cavitation at high static pressures. An external transducer attached to the surface of the resonator was used to excite an acoustic standing wave in the liquid in order to generate a pressure maximum near the center of the liquid. We will present the results of our characterization of this device, including hydrophone measurements of the acoustic pressure generated in the liquid and vibration analysis on the surface of the resonator carried out using laser Doppler vibrometry. The resonance frequency spectrum and modal structure are compared to numerical predictions using theory developed by (Mehl, JASA 78(2), 782–788 (1985)) [Work supported by SMDC Contract No. W9113M-07-C-0178.]
A large-tumor-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits DNA replication of simian virus 40 minichromosomes in an in vitro elongation system (1985)

In productively infected cells, a fraction of large-tumor antigen (T antigen) is tightly bound to replicating simian virus 40 (SV40) minichromosomes and does not dissociate at salt concentrations of greater than 1 M NaCl. We present electronmicrograms demonstrating the presence of T antigen on the replicated sections of replicating SV40 minichromosomes. We also show that the fraction of tightly bound T antigen is recognized by antibodies from mouse tumor serum and, more specifically, by a particular T-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody, PAb 1630. A second T-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody, PAb 101, does not react with the T-antigen fraction remaining on replicating SV40 chromatin at high salt concentrations. We used an in vitro replication system which allows, via semiconservative DNA replication, the completion of in vivo-initiated replicative intermediate DNA molecules. We show that monoclonal antibody PAb 1630, but not monoclonal antibody PAb 101, inhibits viral DNA replication. We discuss the possibility that SV40 T antigen may play a role in chain elongation during SV40 chromatin replication.
A 265-Nanometer High-Power Deep-UV Light-Emitting Diode Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols (2022)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection transmitted by droplets, aerosols, and contact. Controlling the spread of COVID-19 and developing effective decontamination options are urgent issues for the international community. Here, we report the quantitative inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in liquid and aerosolized samples by a state-of-the-art, high-power, AlGaN-based, single-chip compact deep-UV (DUV) light-emitting diode (LED) that produces a record continuous-wave output power of 500 mW at its peak emission wavelength of 265 nm. Using this DUV-LED, we observed a greater-than-5-log reduction in infectious SARS-CoV-2 in liquid samples within very short irradiation times (<0.4 s). When we quantified the efficacy of the 265-nm DUV-LED in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, we found that DUV-LED inactivation of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 was approximately nine times greater than that of SARS-CoV-2 suspension. Our data demonstrate that this newly developed, compact, high-power 265-nm DUV-LED irradiation system with remarkably high inactivation efficiency for aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 could be an effective and practical tool for controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> We developed a 265-nm high-power DUV-LED irradiation system and quantitatively demonstrated that the DUV-LED can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in suspensions and aerosols within very short irradiation times. We also found that the inactivation effect was about nine times greater against aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 than against SARS-CoV-2 suspensions. The DUV-LED has several advantages over conventional LEDs and mercury lamps, including high power, compactness, and environmental friendliness; its rapid inactivation of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 opens up new possibilities for the practical application of DUV-LEDs in high-efficiency air purification systems to control airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Manisfestaciones óseas de la Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans: de lo frecuente a lo infrecuente. (2014)

Poster: SERAM 2014 / S-0487 / Manisfestaciones oseas de la Histiocitosis de celulas de Langerhans: de lo frecuente a lo infrecuente. by: Acosta Gonzalez1, M. B. Sanchez de Lorenzo-Caceres1, M. A. Lopez Pino2, S. I. Sirvent2, I. Solis Muniz2; 1La Laguna/ES, 2Madrid/ES
Molecular orientation and the infrared dichroism of a chiral smectic liquid crystal in a homogeneously aligned cell at different temperature and bias fields (2003)

The molecular orientation and the dichroic behavior of the vibrational bands of a homogeneously aligned helical cell containing chiral smectic liquid crystal (R)-(-)-1-methylheptyl 4-(4(')-dodecyloxybiphenyl-4-ylcarbonyloxy)-3-fluorobenzoate are studied at various temperatures as a function of the bias field. These temperatures correspond to the various phase states of the sample at zero field. For those bands that exhibit significant dichroism, the field dependencies of the dichroic parameters (the dichroic ratio and the polarization angle of maximum absorbance) are found to be dependent on temperature, phase state, and helical unwinding. For the SmA* and SmC(*)(alpha) phases, the phenyl band dichroic ratio and the corresponding orientational order parameter are found to be almost independent of the bias field. The temperature dependence of the orientational order for zero field is discussed by taking into account the structures of the phases and the molecular tilt angles. The field dependencies of the phenyl band dichroic parameters for the SmC(*)(A) and SmC(*)(gamma) phases yield results about the distribution of directors in the layers of their unit cells and the state of helical unwinding. The azimuthal orientational distribution function of the carbonyl transition moments with respect to the long molecular axis has been determined. It is found that the degrees of the polar and quadrupolar biasing increase with decrease in temperature and the azimuthal biasing angle for the chiral carbonyl group increases significantly with a reduction in temperature.
SR-Snort: IPv6 Segment Routing Aware IDS/IPS (2018)

Service Function Chaining (SFC) allows the delivery of advanced end-to-end services composed of one or more network functions. IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) is a network architecture based on source routing, where a list of segments is attached to packets to enforce different path from the shortest one. SRv6 supports SFC by assigning each network function a segment and combining these segments into a segment list. In order to fully leverage the SRv6 network programming capabilities, network functions are required to be SR-aware. In this paper, we present our implementation of SR-Snort, a SR-aware intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS). We extended the open-source implementation of Snort, so it can apply the configured rules to the inner packet of SR traffic. SR-Snort can handle both inner IPv4 and inner IPv6 traffic. It can work in either IDS or IPS mode.
179 Patients Over Age 65 with Postoperative Malalignment are not as Disabled as Younger Patients (2017)

Fu, Kai-Ming G MD, PhD; Nunley, Pierce D MD; Mundis, Gregory M; Park, Paul MD; Nguyen, Stacie BS, MPH; Marca, Frank La MD; Uribe, Juan S MD; Eastlack, Robert MD; Than, Khoi Duc MD; Okonkwo, David O MD, PhD; Kanter, Adam S MD; Anand, Neel MD; Fessler, Richard G MD, PhD; Mummaneni, Praveen V MD International Spine Study Group
Microprocessors in the year 2000 (1993)

A panel-session summary on future trends in the area of microprocessors is presented. One of the suggestions is that, by 2000, a single-chip microprocessor will be either a complete system or a multiprocessor. The integration of further system function onto a single-chip provides lower cost and higher performance and is an obvious direction. Another suggestion is that the leading-edge microprocessor in 2000 will be an 8-way superscaler RISC (reduced instruction set computer) chip, with a clock rate of 750 MHz, implemented in 0.25 mu m (feature size), 2.5 V, 4-layer-metal CMOS technology. Using advanced compiler techniques, it will deliver more than 2000 sustained MIPS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>