gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment and survival from breast cancer: the experience of patients at South Australian teaching hospitals between 1977 and 2003 (2006)

Abstract Rationale Treatment guidelines recommend a more conservative surgical approach than mastectomy for early stage breast cancer and a stronger emphasis on adjuvant therapy. Registry data at South Australian teaching hospitals have been used to monitor survivals and treatment in relation to these guidelines. Aims and objectives To use registry data to: (1) investigate trends in survival and treatment; and (2) compare treatment with guidelines. Methods Registry data from three teaching hospitals were used to analyse trends in primary courses of treatment of breast cancers during 1977–2003 ( n = 4671), using univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression. Disease‐specific survivals were analysed using Kaplan–Meier product limit estimates and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The 5‐year survival was 79.9%, but with a secular increase, reaching 83.6% in 1997–2003. The relative risk of death (95% confidence limits) was 0.74 (0.62, 0.88) for 1997–2003, compared with previous diagnoses, after adjusting for tumour node metastasis stage, grade, age and place of residence. Treatment changes included an increase in conservative surgery (as opposed to mastectomy) from 51.7% in 1977–1990 to 76.8% in 1997–2003 for stage I ( P &lt; 0.001) and from 31.1% to 52.2% across these periods for stage II ( P &lt; 0.001). Adjuvant radiotherapy also became more common ( P &lt; 0.001), with 20.6% of patients receiving this treatment in 1977–1990 compared with 60.7% in 1997–2003. Radiotherapy generally was more prevalent when conservative surgery was provided, although also relatively common in mastectomy patients when tumour diameters exceeded 50 mm or when there were four or more involved nodes. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy increased ( P &lt; 0.001), from 19.6% in 1977–1990 to 36.9% in 1997–2003, and the proportion having hormone therapy also increased ( P &lt; 0.001), from 34.3% to 59.4% between these periods. Conclusions Survivals appear to be increasing and treatment trends are broadly consistent with guideline directions, and the earlier research on which these recommendations were based.
Flexible Versus Nonflexible Mitral Valve Rings for Congestive Heart Failure (2006)

Patients with CHF having a flexible ring have a higher likelihood of developing recurrent MR requiring reoperation. The use of a nonflexible ring appears to significantly reduce the need for repeat surgical procedures. Further refinement and development of nonflexible ring systems, aimed at LV restoration, deserve ongoing investigation.
Closing the Digital Health Evidence Gap: Development of a Predictive Score to Maximize Patient Outcomes (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Clinical studies of telemedicine (TM) programs for chronic illness have demonstrated mixed results across settings and populations. With recent uptake in use of digital health modalities, more precise patient classification may improve outcomes, efficiency, and effectiveness. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of the research was to develop a predictive score that measures the influence of patient characteristics on TM interventions. The central hypothesis is that disease type, illness severity, and the social determinants of health influence outcomes, including resource utilization, and can be precisely characterized. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The retrospective study evaluated the feasibility of creating a patient "Telemedicine ImPact" (TIP) score derived from a Virginia Medicare and Medicaid claims data set. Claims were randomly selected, stratified by disease type, and matched by illness severity into a TM intervention group (<i>N</i> = 7,782) and a nontelemedicine "usual care" control cohort (<i>N</i> = 7,981). The individual records were then summarized into 15,762 cases with 80% of the cases used to develop, train, and test four predictive models (hospital utilization, readmissions, total utilization, and mortality) using 10-fold cross-validation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Bayesian supervised machine learning achieved reference model performance index area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic (AUC/ROC) ≥0.85. Posterior probabilities for each outcome model were generated on a "hold-back" set of 3,082 cases. Robust parametric statistical methods enabled dimension reduction, model validation, and derivation of a reliable composite scaled score that quantified the overall health risk for each case. The TM intervention cohort demonstrated higher total utilization (representing the sum of inpatient, outpatient, and prescription use) and lower mean inpatient utilization than the usual standard of care. This finding suggests TM-based care may shift the composition of health resource utilization, reducing hospitalizations while increasing outpatient services, adjusted for patient differences. <b><i>Conclusions</i></b>: The creation of a patient score using machine learning to predict the effect of TM on outcomes is feasible. Adoption of the TIP score may reduce variability in results by more precisely accounting for the effects of patient characteristics on health outcomes and utilization. More consistent outcome prediction may lead to greater support for digital health.
Crystal structure of thermostable DNA photolyase: Pyrimidine-dimer recognition mechanism (2001)

DNA photolyase is a pyrimidine-dimer repair enzyme that uses visible light. Photolyase generally contains two chromophore cofactors. One is a catalytic cofactor directly contributing to the repair of a pyrimidine-dimer. The other is a light-harvesting cofactor, which absorbs visible light and transfers energy to the catalytic cofactor. Photolyases are classified according to their second cofactor into either a folate- or deazaflavin-type. The native structures of both types of photolyases have already been determined, but the mechanism of substrate recognition remains largely unclear because of the lack of structural information regarding the photolyase-substrate complex. Photolyase from Thermus thermophilus, the first thermostable class I photolyase found, is favorable for function analysis, but even the type of the second cofactor has not been identified. Here, we report the crystal structures of T. thermophilus photolyase in both forms of the native enzyme and the complex along with a part of its substrate, thymine. A structural comparison with other photolyases suggests that T. thermophilus photolyase has structural features allowing for thermostability and that its light-harvesting cofactor binding site bears a close resemblance to a deazaflavin-type photolyase. One thymine base is found at the hole, a putative substrate-binding site near the catalytic cofactor in the complex form. This structural data for the photolyase-thymine complex allow us to propose a detailed model for the pyrimidine-dimer recognition mechanism.
High-speed high degree-of-freedom spatial normalization for human brain imaging (2002)

Regional spatial normalization is an important preliminary step in the analysis of 3-D brain images. The goal is to remove anatomical differences by warping each brain image to match corresponding features in a standard brain atlas. We are developing a very efficient regional spatial normalization algorithm based on octree volume decomposition. The original Octree Spatial Normalization (OSN) algorithm was shown to perform regional spatial normalization in binary brain phantoms in less then 8 minutes with accuracy similar to previously published methods. Several modifications were made in OSN algorithm to optimize it for use with human brain images including automated brain tissue segmentation for tissue classification and feature matching methods with fast cross-correlation. Even with these modifications spatial normalization can still be done in less then 15 minutes for 256 arrays.
The J.I.M. interview. James M. Wilson, MD, PhD. (1998)

Simplicity of concept lies behind the widespread appeal of human gene therapy. A missing or defective gene is safely replaced by a gene that functions normally. Alternatively genes might be used in the laboratory to manufacture essential proteins and enzymes to create gene-based drugs. The idea of using genes to cure genetic diseases is equally appealing to researchers and the public at large precisely because it holds the promise of a real cure. However, as with so many things in clinical research, turning a simple idea into useful medicine has proved to be remarkably difficult. Nonetheless, the opportunity that gene therapy represents remains very real and, within the past decade, hundreds of scientists have become putative gene therapists. Research in gene therapy is booming in academia and industry, with mixed results. James M. Wilson directs the Institute for Human Gene Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and is president of the 1500 member American Society of Gene Therapy. In an interview with Investigative Medicine, Wilson discusses the state of the art.
Substitution effects on the liquid crystalline properties of D,L-xylitol amphiphiles (1997)

Abstract In this article we describe the self-assembling properties of alkyl substituted xylitols in relation to both thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases. Three series of substituted xylitols were prepared where aliphatic chains of varying length were attached to a xylitol moiety via ether, thioether and ester linking groups. The thermotropic properties were investigated by thermal polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, and evaluated as a function of chain length and linking group. The lyotropic phase behaviour was investigated via the addition of water to each material at room temperature. The efficiency for forming thermotropic phases was found to be reversed for the lyotropic phases in respect of the three series, i.e. as a function of the linking unit.
Development of the Large Scanning Mirror Using Fe-Based Metallic Glass Ribbon (2011)

Polyamorphism mediated by nanoscale incipient concentration wave uncovering hidden amorphous intermediate state with
Modeling programmer navigation: A head-to-head empirical evaluation of predictive models (2011)

Software developers frequently need to perform code maintenance tasks, but doing so requires time-consuming navigation through code. A variety of tools are aimed at easing this navigation by using models to identify places in the code that a developer might want to visit, and then providing shortcuts so that the developer can quickly navigate to those locations. To date, however, only a few of these models have been compared head-to-head to assess their predictive accuracy. In particular, we do not know which models are most accurate overall, which are accurate only in certain circumstances, and whether combining models could enhance accuracy. Therefore, we have conducted an empirical study to evaluate the accuracy of a broad range of models for predicting many different kinds of code navigations in sample maintenance tasks. Overall, we found that models tended to perform best if they took into account how recently a developer has viewed pieces of the code, and if models took into account the spatial proximity of methods within the code. We also found that the accuracy of single-factor models can be improved by combining factors, using a spreading-activation based approach, to produce multi-factor models. Based on these results, we offer concrete guidance about how these models could be used to provide enhanced software development tools that ease the difficulty of navigating through code.
P2‐480: Insulin‐like agonists reverse detrimental effects on synaptic activity induced by beta‐amyloid fragments (2008)

Recent research has shown that there is a causal interaction between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the insulin receptors have become desensitised, and the insulin signal is impaired. Insulin exerts important actions within the brain, and functions as a neurotransmitter with growth-factor like properties (Li and Holscher, 2007). We proposed to test the effects of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues that have been developed to treat type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 receptors exist on neurons and have neuroprotective properties. Previously we have shown that beta-amyloid fragments have powerful detrimental effects on synaptic activity and plasticity in the hippocampus (Gengler et al., 2006; Holscher et al., 2007). We tested GLP-1 itself, the antagonist exendin[9–39]amide, and a novel GLP-1 agonist, Val(8)GLP-1, which is not cleaved by the endogenous protease DPP-IV and has a much enhanced biological half life. Rats were anaesthetised with urethane and electrodes and cannulae were inserted into the hippocampus. Field EPSPs in area CA1 were recorded prior to injection of drugs icv. High frequency stimulation was used to induce long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission (LTP). GLP-1 had enhancing effects on synaptic transmission and greatly upregulated long-term LTP, a cellular mechanism of memory formation (p<0.001, two way ANOVA, 100nmol in 5 micro l icv). This is the first time that a direct effect of GLP-1 on LTP has been shown. The antagonist exendin[9–39]amide greatly strongly reduced LTP (p<0.001). The novel agonist Val(8)GLP-1 also greatly enhanced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (p<0.001). The result shows that GLP-1 and the agonist Val(8)GLP-1 have the opposite effect on synaptic transmission than beta-amyloid has (100nmol in 5 micro l, icv). Injection of Val(8)GLP-1 furthermore reversed the detrimental effects that beta-amyloid has on synaptic plasticity. When injected 30 min prior to injection of beta-amyloid icv., Val(8)GLP-1 at 100nmol was able to prevent the block of LTP normally induced by 100nmol of beta-amyloid(25–35). The results show that GLP-1 receptors have powerful effects on neuronal synaptic transmission and show great promise in preventing the detrimental effects that beta-amyloid fragments have on LTP and on associated memory impairments.
Cysteamine Modulates Oxidative Stress and Blocks Myofibroblast Activity in CKD (2013)

Therapy to slow the relentless expansion of interstitial extracellular matrix that leads to renal functional decline in patients with CKD is currently lacking. Because chronic kidney injury increases tissue oxidative stress, we evaluated the antifibrotic efficacy of cysteamine bitartrate, an antioxidant therapy for patients with nephropathic cystinosis, in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Fresh cysteamine (600 mg/kg) was added to drinking water daily beginning on the day of surgery, and outcomes were assessed on days 7, 14, and 21 after surgery. Plasma cysteamine levels showed diurnal variation, with peak levels similar to those observed in patients with cystinosis. In cysteamine-treated mice, fibrosis severity decreased significantly at 14 and 21 days after unilateral ureteral obstruction, and renal oxidized protein levels decreased at each time point, suggesting reduced oxidative stress. Consistent with these results, treatment of cultured macrophages with cysteamine reduced cellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, treatment with cysteamine reduced α-smooth muscle actin-positive interstitial myofibroblast proliferation and mRNA levels of extracellular matrix proteins in mice and attenuated myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation in vitro, but did not augment TGF-β signaling. In a study of renal ischemia reperfusion, cysteamine therapy initiated 10 days after injury and continued for 14 days decreased renal fibrosis by 40%. Taken together, these data suggest previously unrecognized antifibrotic actions of cysteamine via TGF-β-independent mechanisms that include oxidative stress reduction and attenuation of the myofibroblast response to kidney injury and support further investigation into the potential benefit of cysteamine therapy in the treatment of CKD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched Compounds via Iron‐Mediated Allylic Substitutions (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Perceptual Metrics for Static and Dynamic Triangle Meshes (2012)

Almost all mesh processing procedures cause some more or less visible changes in the appearance of objects represented by polygonal meshes. In many cases, such as mesh watermarking, simplification or lossy compression, the objective is to make the change in appearance negligible, or as small as possible, given some other constraints. Measuring the amount of distortion requires taking into account the final purpose of the data. In many applications, the final consumer of the data is a human observer, and therefore the perceptibility of the introduced appearance change by a human observer should be the criterion that is taken into account when designing and configuring the processing algorithms. In this review, we discuss the existing comparison metrics for static and dynamic (animated) triangle meshes. We describe the concepts used in perception-oriented metrics used for 2D image comparison, and we show how these concepts are employed in existing 3D mesh metrics. We describe the character of subjective data used for evaluation of mesh metrics and provide comparison results identifying the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Finally, we also discuss employing the perception-correlated metrics in perception-oriented mesh processing algorithms.
Effect of Negatively Charged Impurity on Graphene Magnetic Rings (2014)

Using the massless Dirac–Weyl model of monolayer graphene, we study the effect of a negatively charged Coulomb impurity on the low-lying spectra of single-electron magnetic dot and ring systems. The numerical results show that the electron–hole symmetry in the spectra is broken by the Coulomb potential, and the original degenerate energy level lying at zero energy becomes nondegenerate and splits into infinite discrete angular momentum states, which have positive energies and thus are electron-like. For higher LLs, each has a reverse ordering of the energy levels when \(r_{02}^{2}/a^{2}\) is larger than its critical value in the positive energy states for magnetic dot systems owing to the competition between the Coulomb potential and the magnetic confinement.
Ventricular mapping during atrial and ventricular pacing. Relationship of multipotential electrograms to ventricular tachycardia reentry circuits after myocardial infarction (2002)

Regions with fixed multipotentials consistent with conduction block might be useful guides for ablation approaches that target large regions of the infarct, but are not sufficiently specific to be the sole guide for focal ablation approaches.
Statistical Properties of the Tensile Strength of B/Al composites at Elevated Temperatures (1995)

Tensile tests of a 10 vol% boron-aluminum composite were carried out at room temperature, 150°C and 300°C, in order to investigate the validity of the finite-element simulation proposed in the previous report which can evaluate the tensile strength of fiber-reinforced metals. The simulated average strengths were in good agreement with the experimental results, though the scatter of strength was somewhat underestimated. The fiber stress distributions around a broken fiber were analyzed by FEM, by taking into account the matrix constitutive equation at each temperature. From the results of analysis and the stochastic model based on a Markov chain theory, the relation between the fiber stress distributions and the statistical properties of composite strength obtained in the experiment and the simulation was discussed. It was pointed out that, consequently, the statistical properties of room temperature strength would be maintained to some degree at elevated temperatures, unless the fibers were degraded severely. Additionally, the effect of thermal stresses occurring in the composite on the tensile strength was investigated.
Multistage Power Amplifiers (2016)

This chapter proposes to design multistage power amplifiers, based on the real frequency technique (RFT) and the use of large-signal scattering parameter data generated from a few reference points. The optimization of added power usually used in oscillator design is found to be well suited for power amplifier design because their nonlinear properties have a common nature and common description. The chapter provides the new formulas for the multistage transducer power gain when starting from the load. In the classic RFT technique, the input and output voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) were computed using a stage-by-stage approach that started from the source. The chapter provides the new formulas for the multistage input and output VSWR when starting from the load. The optimization algorithm is used to define polynomial coefficients of an equalizer that minimize a least mean square error function that includes desired target functions with different weight factors.
Postmastectomy radiotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients given adjuvant systemic therapy. A 30-year long-term report from the Danish breast cancer cooperative group DBCG 82bc trial (2022)

The study definitely demonstrate that optimal long-term treatment benefit of high-risk breast cancer can only be achieved if both loco-regional and systemic tumor control are aimed for. Therefore, radiotherapy has an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer. The PMRT treatment did not result in excess ischemic heart damage, nor in other non-breast cancer related death.
TGF-β as a candidate bone marrow niche signal to induce hematopoietic stem cell hibernation (2008)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a bone marrow niche in a nondividing state from which they occasionally are aroused to undergo cell division. Yet, the mechanism underlying this unique feature remains largely unknown. We have recently shown that freshly isolated CD34-KSL hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a hibernation state exhibit inhibited lipid raft clustering. Lipid raft clustering induced by cytokines is essential for HSCs to augment cytokine signals to the level enough to re-enter the cell cycle. Here we screened candidate niche signals that inhibit lipid raft clustering, and identified that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) efficiently inhibits cytokine-mediated lipid raft clustering and induces HSC hibernation ex vivo. Smad2 and Smad3, the signaling molecules directly downstream from and activated by TGF-beta receptors were specifically activated in CD34-KSL HSCs in a hibernation state, but not in cycling CD34+KSL progenitors. These data uncover a critical role for TGF-beta as a candidate niche signal in the control of HSC hibernation and provide TGF-beta as a novel tool for ex vivo modeling of the HSC niche.
Optomechanics with a sub-wavelength grating inside a Fabry-Perot cavity (2014)

We place a silicon nitride membrane incorporating a subwavelength grating in the middle of an optical cavity. The high reflectivity of the grating couples the two sub-cavities with a normal mode splitting of 55 MHz.
Disease activity indices in coeliac disease: systematic review and recommendations for clinical trials (2016)

Current best evidence suggests that the CDSD and the CeD PRO are appropriate for use in the definition of primary end points in coeliac disease registration trials. Morphometric histology should be included as a key secondary or co-primary end point. Further work is needed to optimise end point configuration to inform efficient drug development.