gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Investigation of Layered Oxychloride Intergrowth Photocatalysts for Visible Light Driven Water Splitting (2020)

Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising platform for clean and renewable energy generation from solar energy. Metal mixed anion compounds such as oxynitrides, oxysulphides, and oxyhalides have emerged as promising photocatalysts for water splitting, owing to their negative valence band maximum (VBM) compared to conventional oxides Substantial mixing of the p-orbitals from the non-oxide anions (e.g., N-2p, Cl-3p) with the O-2p orbitals cause a negative shift in the VBM. Unfortunately, most mixed-anion compounds undergo self-oxidation of non-oxide anions by photogenerated holes, thereby imposing surface modifications to overcome the oxidative photo-corrosion Herein, we present the structural and compositional nanoscale characterization of new tantalum-gadolinium (Ta-Gd) based layered intergrowth perovskite oxychloride, Bi4TaO8Cl-Bi2GdO4Cl, as a stable material under visible light for photocatalysis. It is revealed that the VBMs of Bi4TaO8Cl and Bi2GdO4Cl consist mainly of O-2p orbitals, instead of Cl-3p, with a negative shift in the VBM Thus, they possess narrow bandgaps for visible light absorption and photogenerated holes populated at the O-2p orbitals will not lead to photooxidation but to oxidize water.
Data Reduction in Size-Exclusion Chromatography with Molar Mass Sensitive Detectors (2004)

A comprehensive analysis of recent improvements in data reduction in triple-detector SEC is presented. Using direct measurements of a sample's hydrodynamic volume across the entire polymer distribution, different sources of non-ideality of size-exclusion separation can be analyzed as well as their effect on accuracy of the calculated molar mass distribution and polymer solution properties. Elimination of concentration detector traces may significantly improve the quantitation of polymers with long high-molar-mass tails, e.g., caused by long-chain branches. Novel approaches to model fitting of calibration and structural curves describing the relations between polymers' structural parameters are discussed in detail. The characterization of an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer illustrates the quantitative approaches.
STAN — An assistance system for 3D productions: From bad stereo to good stereo (2011)

The production of high quality stereoscopic content demands skilled production staff which is able to cope with a set of stereoscopic production rules. Among these rules, the mechanical alignment of the two cameras has to be ensured as well as a proper choice of the interaxial distance and convergence plane. Against this background the STAN assists stereographers by analyzing and monitoring important stereoscopic parameters. An image based analysis reconstructs the scene geometry based on the left and right camera images, deduces calibration parameters and proposes a suitable interaxial distance and convergence plane in accordance to the depth structure of the scene. The analyzed parameters can either be used for controlling the stereo rig, or can be stored as meta data for post-production purposes or can be used for real-time corrections of remaining stereoscopic distortions.
Strategies for expression of foreign genes in plants Potential use of engineered viruses (1991)

Advances in gene transfer techniques for higher plants have already permitted important achievements towards crop protection and improvement using recombinant DNA technology. Besides plant genetic engineering, the possible use of plant viruses to express foreign genes could be of considerable interest to plant biotechnology. However, insuring containment of engineered viruses for environmental use is an important safety issue that must be addressed.
Sympathetic cross-innervation of SHR and genetic controls suggests a trophic influence on vascular muscle membranes. (1981)

We have attempted to differentiate neural from humoral environmental factors as the cause of altered arterial muscle membrane properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This laboratory has previously reported that alterations in membrane electrical properties appear to be responsible for increased NE sensitivity in caudal arteries from SHR. In this study, caudal arteries were transplanted into innervated or denervated anterior eye chambers of the same (KNR in KNR, SHR in SHR) or the opposite (KNR in SHR, SHR in KNR) strain. Seven weeks later, we measured membrane potential (Em) and norepinephrine (NE) contractile sensitivity (EC50) in both transplanted and host caudal arteries. Caudal arteries from 2-week-old donor animals transplanted into hosts reinnervated and developed Em and NE EC50 values characteristic of the host strain, interconverting between SHR and KNR characteristics in cross-transplantations. In other experiments, the superior cervical ganglion ipsilateral to the transplanted eye c...
Management and care of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: Variations across different health care settings (2000)

Objectives To examine variation in the process of care for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to highlight the need for rigorous research into the ideal management of TKA. We hypothesize that variation in the process of care for TKA across and within health care systems is associated with identifiable financial and historical factors. Methods We compared access to TKA and typical postoperative rehabilitation management in 12 orthopedic centers in the United States (4 centers), United Kingdom (6 centers), and Australia (2 centers). We collected data from two sources: 1) Empirical data on length of stay and discharge management were collected as part of a prospective study of the outcomes of primary TKA for patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis; 2) Structured qualitative interviews were conducted at each of the participating centers to collect data on academic status and reimbursement structure, as well as waiting times for orthopedic consultation and TKA surgery once it had been scheduled. Results We demonstrated differences in length of acute hospital stay, use of extended care facilities, home physical therapy, and outpatient physical therapy within our cohort of hospitals. The publicly funded hospitals had a significantly longer acute hospital length of stay (mean 11.8 days, SD 7.1) than the private hospitals (mean 6.6 days, SD 4.1; P < 0.0001). Variation in waiting times was associated with the method of surgeon reimbursement and whether the hospital is publicly funded or private. Patients attending private hospitals waited 1–8 weeks for the first consultation and 2–12 weeks for a surgical date after scheduling. In contrast, patients attending publicly funded hospitals waited 4–12 months for a first consultation and 12–18 months for a surgical date after scheduling. Conclusions Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that financial reimbursement schemes influence the management of TKA. Further research needs to be done to quantify effects of varying processes of care on the outcome of TKA surgery across different health care settings. This data would elucidate the optimal management of TKA using objective evidence rather than relying on financial incentives or the preservation of historical practices.
49.2: Invited Paper: Greener Displays through Integrated Optics: Display Backlights Using OneFilm (2012)

Abstract A new optical film is demonstrated which performs the function of traditional film stacks comprised of 3 or 4 separate films. Collimation, uniformity and polarization are accomplished with only one film, and without the use of deterministic refractive structures. Compelling performance of this film in TV and Mobile markets is discussed, as is the non‐incremental positive impact on the environmental profile of LCD technology.
Selective M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator VU6008667 blocks acquisition of opioid self-administration (2023)

Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of the M<sub>5</sub> muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) may provide a novel non-opioid mechanism for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Previous studies from our group and others have demonstrated that acute administration of the long-acting M<sub>5</sub> negative allosteric modulator (NAM) ML375 attenuates established self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, oxycodone, and remifentanil in rats. In the present study, we characterized the effects of acute and repeated administration of the novel, short-acting M<sub>5</sub> NAM VU6008667 on the reinforcing effects of oxycodone and reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behaviors in male Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as on physiological withdrawal from oxycodone. Acute VU6008667 decreased oxycodone self-administration under both fixed ratio 3 (FR3) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement and attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of lever pressing following extinction from oxycodone self-administration, a commonly used relapse model. When administered daily to opioid-naïve rats, VU6008667 prevented acquisition of oxycodone self-administration behavior. VU6008667 had minimal effects on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. After acute administration, VU6008667 did not inhibit sucrose self-administration and, when given chronically, delayed but did not prevent acquisition of sucrose maintained self-administration. VU6008667 also did not impact oxycodone induced anti-nociception or motor coordination, but mildly decreased novelty exploration. Finally, acute or daily VU6008667 administration did not impair cued fear conditioning. Overall, these results suggest that inhibition of the M<sub>5</sub> mAChR may provide a novel, non-opioid based treatment for distinct aspects of OUD by inhibiting opioid intake in established OUD, reducing relapse during abstinence, and by reducing the risk of developing OUD.
Estimating Spread of Contact-Based Contagions in a Population Through Sub-Sampling (2020)

Physical contacts result in the spread of various phenomena such as viruses, gossips, ideas, packages and marketing pamphlets across a population. The spread depends on how people move and co-locate with each other, or their mobility patterns. How far such phenomena spread has significance for both policy making and personal decision making, e.g., studying the spread of COVID-19 under different intervention strategies such as wearing a mask. In practice, mobility patterns of an entire population is never available, and we usually have access to location data of a subset of individuals. In this paper, we formalize and study the problem of estimating the spread of a phenomena in a population, given that we only have access to sub-samples of location visits of some individuals in the population. We show that simple solutions such as estimating the spread in the sub-sample and scaling it to the population, or more sophisticated solutions that rely on modeling location visits of individuals do not perform well in practice, the former because it ignores contacts between unobserved individuals and sampled ones and the latter because it yields inaccurate modeling of co-locations. Instead, we directly model the co-locations between the individuals. We introduce PollSpreader and PollSusceptible, two novel approaches that model the co-locations between individuals using a contact network, and infer the properties of the contact network using the subsample to estimate the spread of the phenomena in the entire population. We show that our estimates provide an upper bound and a lower bound on the spread of the disease in expectation. Finally, using a large high-resolution real-world mobility dataset, we experimentally show that our estimates are accurate, while other methods that do not correctly account for co-locations between individuals result in wrong observations (e.g, premature herd-immunity).
Lab-on-a-bubble: direct and indirect assays with portable Raman instrumentation (2012)

Lab-on-a-Bubble (LoB) is a new method for SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) assays that combines separationand concentration of the assay results. A direct LoB assay is comprised of gold nanoparticles coupled directly to the ~30 &mu;m diameter buoyant silica bubble. The direct LoB method was evaluated with cyanide and 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). An indirect assay uses the same ~ 30 &mu;m diameter buoyant silica bubble and a silica coated SERS reporter. Both the bubble and SERS reporter are coated with a coupling agent for the analyte. The assay measures the amount of SERS reporter coupled to the bubble through a sandwich created by the analyte. The couling agent could consist of an immunological coupling agent (antibody) or a nucleic acid coupling agent (single strand DNA). The indirect LoB method was examined with Cholera toxin (CT) and antibodies against the &beta; subunit. An LOD of ~ 170 pptrillion was measured for cyanide and a limit of detection of 1100 ng was found for CT. Instrumentation for the assay and a novel technique of dynamic SERS (DSERS) will also be discussed. The instrument is a small hand-held Raman device called the CBEx (Chemical Biological Explosive) with a novel raster system to detect heterogeneous or light sensitive materials. DSERS is a mathematical algorithm which eliminates background interference in SERS measurements with colloidal nanoparticles.
Liquid Flow on Structured Packing: CFD Simulation and Experimental Study (2003)

Abstract A CFD model of the two‐phase countercurrent flow in the geometry of the plate‐type structured packing Mellapak 250.Y was built, tested and verified. The model was applied to determine the effect of liquid and gas flow rates and physicochemical properties of the flowing liquids on the interfacial area formed on structured packing. The CFD model allowed us to determine the minimum liquid flow rate at which an unbroken liquid film was observed on the packing surface. The simulations confirmed that with an increase of the wetting rate the surface of the packing covered with a liquid film increased until the surface was totally covered up, while further slight changes of an interfacial area were the result of wave formation. The effect of gas load (F factor) on the film surface was in the range of a calculation error. Results of the CFD simulation allow us to predict the stages of film formation during liquid flow, to follow local velocity oscillations, film thickness and velocity profiles of phases.
Visual programming (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Visual programming: the outlook from academia and industry Authors: K. N. Whitley Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Box 1679, Station B, Nashville, TN Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Box 1679, Station B, Nashville, TNView Profile , Alan F. Blackwell MRC Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, UK MRC Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims ESP '97: Papers presented at the seventh workshop on Empirical studies of programmersOctober 1997 Pages 180–208https://doi.org/10.1145/266399.266415Published:01 October 1997Publication History 13citation1,113DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads1,113Last 12 Months41Last 6 weeks10 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
3D reactive inkjet printing of polydimethylsiloxane (2017)

In this work a two-part polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ink has been developed, printed individually, and cured. The successful printing of PDMS has been used to fabricate complex 3D geometry for the first time using FRIJP.
The Use of Charge Transfer to Enhance the Methane‐Storage Capacity of Single‐Walled, Nanostructured Carbon (2004)

The Figure illustrates methane densities adsorbed at 303 K and 3.5 MPa in pores of lanthanide-nitrate-dispersed, single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs). For reference, bulk methane density and methane density adsorbed in pores of as-grown SWNH are also depicted. A small amount of lanthanide-nitrate dispersion (0.1 mmol lanthanide nitrate per gram of SWNH) has been shown to strongly enhance methane adsorption. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2004/c0240_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ruggedized Reconfigurable Antennas through the Implementation of Innovative Mechanical Techniques (2023)

The integration of compliant mechanisms with reconfigurable electromagnetics has the potential to greatly influence the next-generation of metamaterial and reconfigurable antenna systems. With the limitations of current reconfigurable technologies when deployed into harsh environments, compliant mechanisms can expand the available design space and provide robust solutions specifically targeted for ruggedization. This paper presents a compliant mechanism enabled dielectric rod antenna design that offers the ability to allow steering without a complex feeding network as well as being designed to withstand harsh environments. The aim is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in delivering reliable performance under challenging conditions.
Oxyhemoglobin-Induced Suppression of Voltage-Dependent K + Channels in Cerebral Arteries by Enhanced Tyrosine Kinase Activity (2006)

Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has devastating consequences. Oxyhemoglobin (oxyhb) has been implicated in SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm as it causes cerebral artery constriction and increases tyrosine kinase activity. Voltage-dependent, Ca(2+)-selective and K(+)-selective ion channels play an important role in the regulation of cerebral artery diameter and represent potential targets of oxyhb. Here we provide novel evidence that oxyhb selectively decreases 4-aminopyridine sensitive, voltage-dependent K(+) channel (K(v)) currents by approximately 30% in myocytes isolated from rabbit cerebral arteries but did not directly alter the activity of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels or large conductance Ca(2+)-activated (BK) channels. A combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tyrphostin AG1478, tyrphostin A23, tyrphostin A25, genistein) abolished both oxyhb-induced suppression of K(v) channel currents and oxyhb-induced constriction of isolated cerebral arteries. The K(v) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine also inhibited oxyhb-induced cerebral artery constriction. The observed oxyhb-induced decrease in K(v) channel activity could represent either channel block, or a decrease in K(v) channel density on the plasma membrane. To explore whether oxyhb altered trafficking of K(v) channels to the plasma membrane, we used an antibody generated against an extracellular epitope of K(v)1.5 channels. In the presence of oxyhb, staining of K(v)1.5 on the plasma membrane surface was markedly reduced. Furthermore, oxyhb caused a loss of spatial distinction between staining with K(v)1.5 and the general anti-phosphotyrosine antibody PY-102. We propose that oxyhb-induced suppression of K(v) currents occurs via a mechanism involving enhanced tyrosine kinase activity and channel endocytosis. This novel mechanism may contribute to oxyhb-induced cerebral artery constriction following SAH.
Mouse Spexin: (III) Differential Regulation by Glucose and Insulin in Glandular Stomach and Functional Implication in Feeding Control (2021)

Spexin (SPX), a neuropeptide with diverse functions, is a novel satiety factor in fish models and its role in feeding control has been recently confirmed in mammals. In mouse, food intake was shown to trigger SPX expression in glandular stomach with parallel rise in serum SPX and these SPX signals could inhibit feeding <i>via</i> central actions within the hypothalamus. However, the mechanisms for SPX regulation by food intake are still unclear. To examine the role of insulin signal caused by glucose uptake in SPX regulation, the mice were IP injected with glucose and insulin, respectively. In this case, serum SPX was elevated by glucose but not altered by insulin. Meanwhile, SPX transcript expression in the glandular stomach was up-regulated by glucose but the opposite was true for insulin treatment. Using <i>in situ</i> hybridization, the differential effects on SPX gene expression were located in the gastric mucosa of glandular stomach. Co-injection experiments also revealed that glucose stimulation on serum SPX and SPX mRNA expressed in glandular stomach could be blocked by insulin. In gastric mucosal cells prepared from glandular stomach, the opposite effects on SPX transcript expression by glucose and insulin could still be noted with similar blockade of the stimulatory effects of glucose by insulin. In this cell model, SPX gene expression induced by glucose was mediated by glucose uptake <i>via</i> GLUT, ATP synthesis by glycolysis/respiratory chain, and subsequent modulation of K<sub>ATP</sub> channel activity, but the voltage-sensitive Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels were not involved. The corresponding inhibition by insulin, however, was mediated by PI3K/Akt, MEK<sub>1/2</sub>/ERK<sub>1/2</sub>, and P<sub>38</sub><sup>MAPK</sup> cascades coupled to insulin receptor but not IGF-1 receptor. Apparently, glucose uptake in mice can induce SPX expression in the glandular stomach through ATP synthesis <i>via</i> glucose metabolism and subsequent modification of K<sub>ATP</sub> channel activity, which may contribute to SPX release into circulation to act as the satiety signal after food intake. The insulin rise caused by glucose uptake, presumably originated from the pancreas, may serve as a negative feedback to inhibit the SPX response by activating MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in the stomach.
Learning to solve game trees (2007)

We apply probability theory to the task of proving whether a goal can be achieved by a player in an adversarial game. Such problems are solved by searching the game tree. We view this tree as a graphical model which yields a distribution over the (Boolean) outcome of the search before it terminates. Experiments show that a best-first search algorithm guided by this distribution explores a similar number of nodes as Proof-Number Search to solve Go problems. Knowledge is incorporated into search by using domain-specific models to provide prior distributions over the values of leaf nodes of the game tree. These are surrogate for the unexplored parts of the tree. The parameters of these models can be learned from previous search trees. Experiments on Go show that the speed of problem solving can be increased by orders of magnitude by this technique but care must be taken to avoid over-fitting.
Lachnellins A, B, C, D, and Naphthalene-l,3,8-triol, Biologically Active Compounds from a Lachnellula Species (Ascomycetes) (1996)

Abstract In the course of our search for new biologically active metabolites, lachnellin A (1), a metabolite with high cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities, the structurally related lachnellins B, C and D (3, 4, 7), and naphthalene-1,3,8-triol (8), an inhibitor of malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2), were isolated from submerged cultures of the ascomycete Lachnellula sp. A 32 -8 9 . The antimicrobial, cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of lachnellin A depended on its reactivity and could be abolished by the addition of cysteine. The enzyme inhibiting activity of (8) was due to reactive intermediates during melanization and was no longer observed in the presence of serum albumin. In addition, rac-scytalone (9), (+)-trans-3,4-dihydro-3,4,8-trihy-droxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone (10). 2,5-dihydroxytoluene (11), and (R)-(-)-5-methylmellein (12) were obtained from the same source and biologically characterized.