gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passivating electron‐selective contacts for silicon solar cells based on an a‐Si:H/TiOx stack and a low work function metal (2018)

Abstract In this work, the ATOM (intrinsic a‐Si:H/TiO x /low work function metal) structure is investigated to realize high‐performance passivating electron‐selective contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells. The absence of a highly doped Si region in this contact structure is meant to reduce the optoelectrical losses. We show that a low contact resistivity ( ρ c ) can be obtained by the combined effect of a low work function metal, such as calcium (Φ 2.9 eV), and Fermi‐level depinning in the metal‐insulator‐semiconductor contact structure (where in our case TiO x acts as the insulator on the intrinsic a‐Si:H passivating layer). TiO x grown by ALD is effective to achieve not only a low ρ c but also good passivation properties. As an electron contact in silicon heterojunction solar cells, inserting interfacial TiO x at the i‐a‐Si:H/Ca interface significantly enhances the solar cell conversion efficiency. Consequently, the champion solar cell with the ATOM contact achieves a V OC of 711 mV, FF of 72.9%, J SC of 35.1 mA/cm 2 , and an efficiency of 18.2%. The achievement of a high V OC and reasonable FF without the need for a highly doped Si layer serves as a valuable proof of concept for future developments on passivating electron‐selective contacts using this structure.
Red Electrophosphorescence from a Soluble Binaphthol Derivative as Host and Iridium Complex as Guest (2006)

The investigation of the optical properties, carrier injection, and transport into a soluble small molecule, 6,6'-dicarbazolyl-2,2'-dihexyloxy-1,1'-binaphthol (BA), was reported. The results demonstrated that BA is a blue-emitting molecule, which can be used as a host for the fabrication of electrophosphorescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The single-layer electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated from toluene solution containing BA with tris[2,5-bis-2'-(9',9'-dihexylfluorene)pyridine-kappa(2)NC(3)(')]iridium(III) [Ir(HFP)(3)] emitted red light from Ir(HFP)(3) triplet emission. The results from photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) demonstrated that the dominated operational mechanism in EL was charge trapping rather than Förster transfer, which was the dominated mechanism in PL. The single-layer OLEDs with 1wt % of Ir(HFP)(3) have a luminance (L) of 1000 cd/m(2) at 22 V and a luminous efficiency (LE) of 0.88 cd/A at 11 mA/cm(2). Double-layer electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated by casting the emitting layer from a solution of BA blended with Ir(HFP)(3) and subsequently thermally depositing tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) film as an electron injection and transport layer yielded L = 1830 cd/m(2) at 30 V and LE = 2.47 cd/A at 18 mA/cm(2). These results demonstrated that electrophosphorescent LEDs can be fabricated from BA via solution processing and that L and LE can be enhanced by changing the device architecture with the goal of better balancing the electron and hole currents.
Naphthalene Diimide Copolymers by Direct Arylation Polycondensation as Highly Stable Supercapacitor Electrode Materials (2018)

Conjugated donor–acceptor copolymers based on naphthalene diimide (NDI) as acceptor and thiophene-terminated oligophenylenevinylene as donor moieties (P1 and P2, respectively) were synthesized using the direct (hetero) arylation (DHAP) polymerization route. Nitrile groups were introduced at the vinylene linkage in one copolymer (P2) to fine-tune its electrochemical properties. Both polymers show π–π* transition in the 300–480 nm region and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from thiophene to NDI in the 500–800 nm region in the absorption spectra. P2 exhibits a blue-shifted intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band in the absorption spectrum as well as a lower reduction potential in the cyclic voltammogram compared to the analogous polymer without the nitrile substitution (P1). The two polymers were evaluated as type III supercapacitor materials by preparing composite electrodes with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and employing 0.5 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. Their performance was compared with that of P(NDI2OD-T2) as a reference polymer. The polymer P2 based supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 124 F/g with excellent stability up to 5000 cycles with almost 100% retention of the initial capacitance in the potential window of −0.7 to 0.5 V. Compared to P2, P1 exhibits a specific capacitance of 84 F/g, while the corresponding value for the reference polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) is 61 F/g under identical conditions.
Recommendations for performing, interpreting and reporting hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) experiments (2019)

Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful biophysical technique being increasingly applied to a wide variety of problems. As the HDX-MS community continues to grow, adoption of best practices in data collection, analysis, presentation and interpretation will greatly enhance the accessibility of this technique to nonspecialists. Here we provide recommendations arising from community discussions emerging out of the first International Conference on Hydrogen-Exchange Mass Spectrometry (IC-HDX; 2017). It is meant to represent both a consensus viewpoint and an opportunity to stimulate further additions and refinements as the field advances.
Diabatic Gates for Frequency-Tunable Superconducting Qubits (2019)

We demonstrate diabatic two-qubit gates with Pauli error rates down to 4.3(2)×10^{-3} in as fast as 18 ns using frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. This is achieved by synchronizing the entangling parameters with minima in the leakage channel. The synchronization shows a landscape in gate parameter space that agrees with model predictions and facilitates robust tune-up. We test both iswap-like and cphase gates with cross-entropy benchmarking. The presented approach can be extended to multibody operations as well.
2I-5 Analysis of 40 MHz Annular Array Imaging Performance In Mouse Embryos (2006)

Current high frequency ultrasound imaging, or ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) systems have the capability of imaging mouse embryos with a frame rate of up to 200 frames per second. 3D datasets can also be acquired with the appropriate hardware. Because of the limited depth of field (DOF), effective volumetric analysis is limited to approximately 2 mm about the passive focus for a fixed-focus transducer operating at 40 MHz. This shortcoming imposes a size limit which the current technology can effectively be used to segment out accurate volumetric anatomy of the embryonic mouse, Previously we reported the fabrication a five-element 40-MHz annular array and an array imaging system. Wire phantom measurements with this array reveals an increase in DOF from 1-2 mm (fixed-focus) to more than 10 mm with array focusing. When imaging attenuating media such as mouse embryos, it is expected that the figures of merit for the array images, such as the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the depth of field (DOF) will be reduce. Images from mouse embryos from at gestational ages 11 (E11.5) and 13 (E13.5) were acquired with this annular array system, and show the superior image definition and quality over the fixed-focus images. Quantitative estimates of the SNR and DOF were calculated, and segmentation of the brain ventricles was accomplished for both gestational ages
Pattern formation and competition in nonlinear optical systems with two-dimensional feedback (1994)

Nonlinear optical systems using a Kerr slice and two-dimensional feedback are analyzed. A Neumann-series approach is used to study pattern formation. We show that interactions between spatial modes (rolls) occur in the form of ``winner-takes-all'' dynamics and cause formation of hexagon patterns.
Introductory Commentary on Gap Junction Intercellular Communication is Likely to be Involved in Regulation of Stroma-dependent Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ploemacher R. Et Al (2000)

(2000). Introductory Commentary on Gap Junction Intercellular Communication is Likely to be Involved in Regulation of Stroma-dependent Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ploemacher R. Et Al. Hematology: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 131-131.
Sensor-driven digital motion correction of robotically-aligned optical coherence tomography retinal volumes (2023)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revolutionized diagnostics in ophthalmology. Traditional OCT assumes static subjects and produces artifacts during motion. Robotically-aligned OCT mitigates these artifacts via hardware motion compensation. However, hardware imperfections result in residual motion error. Here we present a digital motion correction approach where we utilize synchronized sensing of the pupil and scanner components to measure the state of the imaging process over time. We subsequently map each A-scan to its corresponding location in the volume given sensor data during its acquisition. We demonstrate our correction in human imaging and observed 68% reduction in maximum residual axial error.
Similarity of quasiconical shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions (1986)

A parametric experimental study is reported on the quasiconical shock/boundary-layer interactions produced by three families of shock generators: sharp fins, semicones, and swept compression corners. The experiments were carried out at Mach 2.95 and Re/m = 6.3 X10 using a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. Over 50 distinct shock generator configurations were considered. The results consist of surface flow patterns, pressure distributions, and flowfield visualizations. An analysis of these results reveals that the interaction characteristics depend primarily on the inviscid shock wave strength and shape. Given similar values of these parameters, conical freeinteraction similarity results even for disparate shock generators. The similarity conditions among fin, semicone, and swept corner interactions are further explored in terms of normal Mach number scaling and flow regime changes with geometry variation.
Cry1Ab protein levels in phytophagous insects feeding on transgenic corn: implications for secondary exposure risk assessment (2001)

Abstract Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassays were used to estimate levels of Cry1Ab protein in four species of phytophagous insects after feeding on transgenic Bt‐corn plants expressing Cry1Ab protein or artificial diets containing Cry1Ab protein. The level of Cry1Ab in insects feeding on sources containing the Cry1Ab protein was uniformly low but varied with insect species as well as food source. For the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), feeding on diet solutions containing Cry1Ab protein, the level of the protein in the aphid was 250–500 times less than the original levels in the diet, whereas no Cry1Ab was detected by ELISA in aphids feeding on transgenic Bt‐Corn plants. For the lepidopteran insects, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), levels of Cry1Ab in larvae varied significantly with feeding treatment. When feeding for 24 h on artificial diets containing 20 and 100 ppm of Cry1Ab, the level of Cry1Ab in the larvae was about 57 and 142 times lower, respectively, than the original protein level in the diet for O. nubilalis , 20 and 34 times lower for H. zea , and 10 to 14 times lower for A. ipsilon . Diet incorporation bioassays with a susceptible insect (first instar O. nubilalis ) showed significant Cry1Ab bioactivity present within whole body tissues of R. maidis and O. nubilalis that had fed on diet containing a minimum of 20 ppm or higher concentrations (100 or 200 ppm) of Cry1Ab, but no significant bioactivity within the tissues of these insects after feeding on transgenic Bt‐corn plants. The relevance of these findings to secondary exposure risk assessment for transgenic Bt crops is discussed.
Perkin 1 Abstracts: Natural Product Synthesis (2001)

A. Gunn, J. E. Milne, M. de Puit and D. McArthur, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2002, 5-xi DOI: 10.1039/B201458K
Facile syntheses of germanium dibromide, hexabromodigermane, and tribromomethyltribromogermane (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile syntheses of germanium dibromide, hexabromodigermane, and tribromomethyltribromogermaneM. David Curtis and Paul WolberCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2, 431–433Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50108a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50108a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Eleventh Biannual Report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group: Focus on Hodgkin Lymphoma (2010)

The 11th biannual report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group highlights recently published randomized controlled trials in the field of hemato-oncology that were identified through the continuous systematic search of MEDLINE. For this electronic search, a broad search filter covering all topics in hemato-oncology was combined with a highly sensitive search filter for randomized studies. This report covers publications from February 1, 2009, through August 31, 2009 (including electronic publications). For this 7-month period, 6344 potentially interesting articles were screened to identify 121 controlled clinical trials (randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized clinical trials) of therapeutic interventions in hematologic malignancies.
Enhancing T lymphocytes from tumor‐bearing mice suppress host resistance to a syngeneic tumor (1974)

Abstract The cell‐mediated immune response of animals to a lethal syngeneic tumor was investigated by inoculating C57BL mice with Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells T lymphocytes, obtained from the enlarged spleens of the tumor‐bearing mice were found to be cytotoxic to 3LL target cells in vitro . However, we found that such spleen cells enhanced tumor growth in vivo when mice were injected with a mixture of spleen cells and tumor cells. Removal of T lymphocytes by treatment of the spleen cells with anti‐Θ serum plus complement reduced the enhancement of tumor growth. Hence, the tumor enhancing cells, like the cytotoxic cells, appeared to be T lymphocytes. Removal of T lymphocytes from normal mice by adult thymectomy before tumor inoculation led to a reduction in the number of tumor metastases. Thus, enhancing T lymphocytes appear to exist in normal as well as in tumor‐bearing mice. Investigation of this mechanism of tumor enhancement suggested that the enhancing T lymphocytes act as suppressor T cells inhibiting natural immune resistance to tumor growth.
Role of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and MMP-dependent matrix degradation in bone destruction by breast cancer metastasis (2003)

Bone metastasis of breast cancer induces severe osteolysis with increased bone resorption. Osteoclast differentiation regulated by the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts and matrix degradation induced by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to be involved in the process of bone resorption. When nude mice were inoculated with human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231(MDA-231), numerous osteoclasts resorbed bone and the degradation of the bone matrix markedly progressed in the femur and tibia with metastasis of the MDA-231 tumour. The expression of RANKL, MMP-13 and membrane-type 1-MMP mRNA was markedly elevated in bone with metastasis. When MDA-231 cells were cocultured with mouse calvaria, MDA-231 markedly induced bone resorption measured by calcium release from the calvaria, and the expression of RANKL, MMP-2 and MMP-13 was elevated in the calvaria after the coculture. The separation of MDA-231 from the calvaria using filter insert showed decreased bone resorption, suggesting that cell-to-cell interaction is essential for cancer-induced bone resorption. Adding MDA-231 cells to bone marrow cultures markedly induced osteoclast formation, and the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts was enhanced by contact with the cell surface of MDA-231 cells. These results indicate that RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and MMP-dependent matrix degradation are associated with osteolysis because of bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Supplementary Table 3 from MiR-199a-3p Regulates mTOR and c-Met to Influence the Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from MiR-199a-3p Regulates mTOR and c-Met to Influence the Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells
Relation between film thickness and surface doping of MoS2 based field effect transistors (2018)

Ultra-thin MoS2 film doping through surface functionalization with physically adsorbed species is of great interest due to its ability to dope the film without reduction in the carrier mobility. However, there is a need for understanding how the thickness of the MoS2 film is related to the induced surface doping for improved electrical performance. In this work, we report on the relation of MoS2 film thickness with the doping effect induced by the n-dopant adsorbate poly(vinyl-alcohol). Field effect transistors built using MoS2 films of different thicknesses were electrically characterized, and it was observed that the ION/OFF ratio after doping in thin films is more than four orders of magnitudes greater when compared with thick films. Additionally, a semi-classical model tuned with the experimental devices was used to understand the spatial distribution of charge in the channel and explain the observed behavior. From the simulation results, it was revealed that the two-dimensional carrier density induced by the adsorbate is distributed rather uniformly along the complete channel for thin films (&amp;lt;5.2 nm) contrary to what happens for thicker films.
Real-Time Optical Holography Using a Spatial Light Modulator (1990)

A real-time technique for recording and reconstructing optical holograms is proposed. Holographic recording is accomplished by scanning an object with two superposed light beams of different temporal frequencies. For reconstruction, the scanned information is transferred to an electron beam addressed spatial light modulator for coherent processing and optically read out to reconstruct an image of the scanned object.
Anomalous Dispersion of the Electronic Kerr Effect n2 (1990)

We have performed picosecond Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) experiments and beam distortion experiments, including using the newly developed Z-scan technique,[1] to accurately measure the bound electronic nonlinear refractive index n 2 in a variety of materials at 1.06 and 0.53 μ m. In semiconductors where two-photon absorption (2PA) is allowed, we find that n 2 decreases from its maximum value near the 2PA (2 ħω ≃E g ) edge to zero as the wavelength is increased, changing to negative nearer the fundamental absorption edge. In order to measure n 2 , we experimentally separated the effects of 2PA excited carrier refraction (coefficient σ ) from the electronic Kerr effect induced refraction. Using DFWM this is accomplished by observing that the carrier effect lasts for hundreds of picoseconds and varies as the fifth power of the incident irradiance I, while the χ (3) effect follows the temporal variation of the pulse and varies as I 3 . Such a signal is shown in Fig. 1.
Morphological MR imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee at 3 T—comparison of standard and novel 3D sequences (2015)

• MRI is the best available imaging method for assessment of knee cartilage. • Cartilage imaging can be reliably performed using 3D TSE. • UTE cannot be used as a single sequence to assess cartilage.
Measurement of superlattice optical properties by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (1993)

Abstract Variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry is a sensitive, nondestructive technique for determining optical constants, layer thicknesses, microstructure, and other parameters. We have applied this technique to the study of AlAs-GaAs and Al (x)Ga(1−x)AsGaAs superlattices. For a sample with Al (0.5)Ga(0.5)As barrier layers and 20 periods, sharp spectroscopic features were observed at the first electron to heavy hole, e-hh(1), first electron to light hole, e-lh(1), and second electron to heavy hole, e-hh(2) transition energies. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) showed this superlattice to be of good quality. Ellipsometric data for two other samples, with AlAs barriers, did not contain any sharp features due to quantized level transitions, and XTEM of these samples revealed poor quality superlattice structure. An advantage of ellipsometry is that the complex refractive index can be obtained without Kramers-Kronig analysis. The effective refractive index for a 20 period superlattice was solved using ellipsometric data at three angles of incidence, near 74°. The real part is increased by about 2% at the e-hh(1) peak, and the imaginary part (extinction coefficient) is increased by 0.05.
Damage Tolerance Protein Mus81 Associates with the FHA1 Domain of Checkpoint Kinase Cds1 (2000)

Cds1, a serine/threonine kinase, enforces the S-M checkpoint in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cds1 is required for survival of replicational stress caused by agents that stall replication forks, but how Cds1 performs these functions is largely unknown. Here we report that the forkhead-associated-1 (FHA1) protein-docking domain of Cds1 interacts with Mus81, an evolutionarily conserved damage tolerance protein. Mus81 has an endonuclease homology domain found in the XPF nucleotide excision repair protein. Inactivation of mus81 reveals a unique spectrum of phenotypes. Mus81 enables survival of deoxynucleotide triphosphate starvation, UV radiation, and DNA polymerase impairment. Mus81 is essential in the absence of Bloom's syndrome Rqh1 helicase and is required for productive meiosis. Genetic epistasis studies suggest that Mus81 works with recombination enzymes to properly replicate damaged DNA. Inactivation of Mus81 triggers a checkpoint-dependent delay of mitosis. We propose that Mus81 is involved in the recruitment of Cds1 to aberrant DNA structures where Cds1 modulates the activity of damage tolerance enzymes.
Replication data for: Call Market Experiments: Efficiency and Price Discovery through Multiple Calls and Emergent Newton Adjustments (2017)

We study multiple-unit, laboratory experimental call markets in which orders are cleared by a single price at a scheduled "call." The markets are independent trading "days" with two calls each day preceded by a continuous and public order flow. Markets approach the competitive equilibrium over time. The price formation dynamics operate through the flow of bids and asks configured as the "jaws" of the order book with contract execution featuring elements of an underlying mathematical principle, the Newton-Raphson method for solving systems of equations. Both excess demand and its slope play a systematic role in call market price discovery.