gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure‐Lattice Thermal Conductivity Correlation in Nanostructured PbTe0.7S0.3 Thermoelectric Materials (2010)

Abstract The reduction of thermal conductivity, and a comprehensive understanding of the microstructural constituents that cause this reduction, represent some of the important challenges for the further development of thermoelectric materials with improved figure of merit. Model PbTe‐based thermoelectric materials that exhibit very low lattice thermal conductivity have been chosen for this microstructure–thermal conductivity correlation study. The nominal PbTe 0.7 S 0.3 composition spinodally decomposes into two phases: PbTe and PbS. Orderly misfit dislocations, incomplete relaxed strain, and structure‐modulated contrast rather than composition‐modulated contrast are observed at the boundaries between the two phases. Furthermore, the samples also contain regularly shaped nanometer‐scale precipitates. The theoretical calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of the PbTe 0.7 S 0.3 material, based on transmission electron microscopy observations, closely aligns with experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of a very low value, ∼0.8 W m −1 K −1 at room temperature, approximately 35% and 30% of the value of the lattice thermal conductivity of either PbTe and PbS, respectively. It is shown that phase boundaries, interfacial dislocations, and nanometer‐scale precipitates play an important role in enhancing phonon scattering and, therefore, in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.
Design of Biomimetic Vascular Grafts with Magnetic Endothelial Patterning (2013)

The development of small diameter vascular grafts with a controlled pluricellular organization is still needed for effective vascular tissue engineering. Here, we describe a technological approach combining a tubular scaffold and magnetically labeled cells to create a pluricellular and organized vascular graft, the endothelialization of which could be monitored by MRI prior to transplantation. A novel type of scaffold was developed with a tubular geometry and a porous bulk structure enabling the seeding of cells in the scaffold pores. A homogeneous distribution of human mesenchymal stem cells in the macroporous structure was obtained by seeding the freeze-dried scaffold with the cell suspension. The efficient covering of the luminal surface of the tube was then made possible thanks to the implementation of a magnetic-based patterning technique. Human endothelial cells or endothelial progenitors were magnetically labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles and successfully attracted to the 2-mm lumen where they attached and formed a continuous endothelium. The combination of imaging modalities [fluorescence imaging, histology, and 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] evidenced the integrity of the vascular construct. In particular, the observation of different cell organizations in a vascular scaffold within the range of resolution of single cells by 4.7 T MRI is reported.
Microsystems and functional assays for mechanobiology (2013)

Microsystems and cantilever-based assays enable a wealth of custom measurements and analysis systems matched to the scale of cell biomechanics and mechanotransduction assays. Novel force and displacement sensors and actuators have been applied to study mechanisms of cell adhesion and the development and response of pluripotent cells in varied mechanical environments, to assay the function of hear cells, and to probe the mechanics and biology of the sense of touch in C. elegans or the mechanosensation of hair cells. In the Stanford Microsystems Lab, we design and fabricate many custom tools and sensors to probe cellular dynamics. We are interested in the reliable manufacture and operation of these micromachined devices in harsh biological environments as well as calibration approaches for precise measurements of nanoscale mechanical behaviors. We use these tools to address questions in the areas of physiology, biology, stem cells, neuroscience and cardiology with an eye toward quantitative and fundamental biophysics. In particular, microcantilevers have enabled measurements in a variety of applications over the past decades, ranging from scanning probe microscopy to visualize topography or characterize materials properties, to chemical sensing. Piezoresistive cantilever sensing offers particular advantages for system integration, scaling, and simplicity of transduction.
Post-flight confusion: does flying affect the brain? (2020)

This paper describes a condition termed post-flight confusion using anecdotal and clinical observations. It reviews research from the fields of aviation and altitude medicine and how this could apply to some physiological changes that happen during commercial flights. The collection of symptoms observed is similar to those of delirium. More research is needed to validate these observations, to identify the risks of flying for older people and to consider not only how to minimise these risks but whether this situation contributes to our knowledge about the aetiologies of delirium and dementias.
Chemical Sludge Dewatering on Sand Beds (1975)

In this study the draining and drying rates of chemical sludges applied to sand beds were related to several sludge characteristics. It was found that the time to drain was related to the sludge specific resistance, applied depth, and solids concentration. Air drying occurred in two distinct phases. The initial or slow drying phase was governed by the sludge cake depth and drained solids concentration while the rapid drying rate was found to approximate the free surface water evaporation rate. Sludges with a coefficient of compressibility less than 0.7 were found to penetrate into the sand bed.
Detection of gamma‐globin mRNA in fetal nucleated red blood cells by PNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (2003)

The gamma-globin mRNA specific PNA probes can be used for detection and isolation of fetal NRBCs from maternal blood. The method has additional potential for the study of gamma-globin mRNA levels or the frequency of adult NRBC (F cells) in patients with hemoglobinopathies.
Gene annotation bias impedes biomedical research (2018)

We found tremendous inequality across gene and protein annotation resources. We observed that this bias leads biomedical researchers to focus on richly annotated genes instead of those with the strongest molecular data. We advocate that researchers reduce these biases by pursuing data-driven hypotheses.
Powerful 100-fs-scale Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk oscillator (2016)

We have recently demonstrated a simple power scaling procedure for Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk oscillators. Here we report on the extension of this scheme to a broadband high-peak-power thin-disk oscillator, delivering 140-fs pulses with a peak and average power of 62 MW and 155 W, respectively. This result shows that reaching the emission bandwidth of the gain material in Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk oscillators is feasible without sacrificing output power, efficiency, or stability by relying on high intracavity nonlinearities.
Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy versus radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer (2018)

Men with LAPCa or RAPCa treated initially with RP plus XRT had a lower risk of prostate cancer-specific death and improved overall survival in comparison with those men treated with XRT plus ADT, but they experienced higher rates of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence.
System Performance Comparison of 3D Charge-Trap TLC NAND Flash and 2D Floating-Gate MLC NAND Flash Based SSDs (2020)

This paper analyzes the system-level performance of Storage Class Memory (SCM)/NAND flash hybrid solid-state drives (SSDs) and SCM/NAND flash/NAND flash tri-hybrid SSDs in difference types of NAND flash memory. There are several types of NAND flash memory, i.e. 2-dimensional (2D) or 3-dimensional (3D), charge-trap type (CT) and floating-gate type (FG) and multi-level cell (MLC) or triple-level cell (TLC). In this paper, the following four types of NAND flash memory are analyzed: 1) 3D CT TLC, 2) 3D FG TLC, 3) 2D FG TLC, and 4) 2D FG MLC NAND flash. Regardless of read- and write-intensive workloads, SCM/NAND flash hybrid SSD with low cost 3D CT TLC NAND flash achieves the best performance that is 20% higher than that with higher cost 2D FG MLC NAND flash. The performance improvement of 3D CT TLC NAND flash can be obtained by the short write latency. On the other hand, in case of tri-hybrid SSD, SCM/3D CT TLC/3D CT TLC NAND flash tri-hybrid SSD improves the performance 102% compared to SCM/2D FG MLC/3D CT TLC NAND flash tri-hybrid SSD. In addition, SCM/2D FG MLC/2D FG MLC NAND flash tri-hybrid SSD shows 49% lower performance than SCM/2D FG MLC/3D CT TLC NAND flash tri-hybrid SSD. Tri-hybrid SSD flash with 3D CT TLC NAND flash is the best performance in tri-hybrid SSD thanks to larger block size and word-line (WL) write. Therefore, in 3D CT TLC NAND flash based SSDs, higher cost MLC NAND flash is not necessary for hybrid SSD and tri-hybrid SSD for data center applications.
Neighborhood‐Preserving Visualization of Adaptive Structure–Activity Landscapes: Application to Drug Discovery (2011)

Staying fit: A computational approach that generates an intuitive visual fitness landscape (see picture; blue: possible hits, red: nonproductive hits) of chemical space that serves as a roadmap for chemical optimization of drug candidates is presented. Potential compound liabilities can be avoided, multiple properties can be considered at a time, and the information contained in both active and inactive compounds is optimally exploited. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible Radical‐Based Approach to TMS‐Substituted Propargyl Alcohols and to 2,3‐Allenols. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microfluidics in Late Adolescence (2018)

George Whitesides is a Woodford L. and Ann A. Flowers Professor at Harvard University. In this contribution he describes the development of microfluidic techniques, from the spark that ignited this branch of academic research and its industrial sibling, to potential future application within medicine, security and organic synthesis. The diversity in technologies as well as in applications makes this an intriguing story, but it is in the simplest of materials - paper - that we find some of the most successful applications so far.
Al-2.40 Doping (P- and N-Type) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis directly proportional to the invasiveness of endoscopic intervention: a pilot study in a canine model (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de J. M. Buscaglia et al., pp. 506Endoscopy 2008; 40(06): 546-546DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306846
MABp1 to improve clinical outcomes of patients with symptomatic refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients: Per-protocol population analysis of phase III study (PT026). (2017)

3530 Background: Refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients derive minimal benefit from further exposure to toxic agents. MABp1 is an anti-interleukin 1 alpha antibody that is shown to prolong survival (NCT01767857) and improves outcomes when assessed with a primary endpoint based on a constellation of objective and patient self-reported measures (NCT02138422) (Hickish T. et al Lancet Oncology 2017). In the latter study, clinically advanced patients were enrolled (symptomatic, ECOG 1,2), and 18% of patients progressed prior to reaching the endpoint assessments. Here we present the outcomes in per-protocol population (PP), those patients completing week 8 assessments. Methods: 309 patients randomized 2:1 to receive MABp1 versus placebo. Patients were ECOG 1-2, with mCRC refractory to chemotherapy, any degree of weight loss, and cancer-associated symptoms. The composite primary endpoint assessed the rate of patients achieving stabilization or improvement in lean body mass (LBM) and two of three symptom measures (pain, fatigue, appetite loss) from screening to the week 8 assessment. The study was designed for placebo cross-over, thus OS analysis for MABp1 vs placebo was not possible. Results: 57 patients (38 MABp1 [18%] and 19 placebo [19%]) discontinued study prior to the week 8 assessment due to disease progression, including 17 (8%) and 11 (11%) deaths in MABp1 and placebo respectively. 62% of placebo patients received MABp1 after 8 weeks. 252 patients, 40% in MABp1 (68/169) vs 23% in placebo (19/83) met the primary endpoint (p = 0.003). 139 patients were available for PP survival analysis (90 MABp1 vs 49 Placebo). Median OS of those achieving the primary endpoint was 11.7 months vs 5.7 months for those that did not (HR 0.39; p &lt; 0.0001). Radiographic stable disease was improved (42% vs 12%; p &lt; 0.001) and incidence of SAEs (6% vs 15%; p = 0.11) reduced in those achieving the primary endpoint. Conclusions: Achieving the primary endpoint was associated with improvement in outcomes, RECIST stabilization, SAEs and survival. Further study should confirm the effect of MABp1 on survival in this population. Clinical trial information: NCT02138422.
Pronounced Effect of the Methods of Preparation of Organic Thin Films on Hole Injection from the Indium-tin-oxide Electrode–Vacuum Deposition vs Spin Coating (2003)

Abstract The methods of preparation of organic thin films of hole-transporting materials, vacuum deposition and spin coating, were found to exert a pronounced influence on charge injection from electrodes into organic layers in organic electroluminescent devices, depending upon the kind of hole transporters.
MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults (2019)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1160-1168.
Selective deposition of AlOx for Fully Aligned Via in nano Cu interconnects (2021)

AlOx was selectively deposited on top of SiCOH in 32 nm pitch Cu-SiCOH pattern to form a Fully Aligned Via (FAV) test structure. Selective deposition process performance and its integration into the 5nm BEOL FAV structure were evaluated. The selective AlOx deposition involves multistep process including surface treatment, selective Self-Aligned Molecules (SAM) bonding to inhibit Cu metal surface, and the selective growth of AlOx on top of SiCOH dielectric using Chemical vapor deposition process with various precursors and process conditions below 300°C. Thin selective AlOx of 4–6 nm thickness show excellent selectivity on SiCOH over Co capped Cu-SiCOH patterned structures with various spacing. The Via Chain electrical yields were measured on 32 nm pitch structures by AlOx selective deposition and are comparable to the established FAV process by Cu wet recess. This indicates that the Selective AlOx deposition process is highly selective on SiCOH dielectric surface without defect formation in the Co Capped Cu surfaces.
National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (2019)

In accordance with the authority provided in 2 U.S.C. (U.S. Code) 135(a), 135(b), and 135(c), the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress (NLS), is responsible for administering the national program to provide reading materials for the nation’s blind and physically handicapped residents and U.S. citizens living abroad. These materials consist of books and magazines as well as music scores and texts produced in raised characters, as sound recordings, and in other suitable formats.
Modulating the catalytic behavior of non-noble metal nanoparticles by inter-particle interaction for chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes into corresponding azoxy or azo compounds (2018)

Aromatic azoxy compounds have wide applications and they can be prepared by stoichiometric or catalytic reactions with H 2 O 2 or N 2 H 4 starting from anilines or nitroarenes. In this work, we will present the direct chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes with H 2 to give aromatic azoxy compounds under base-free mild conditions, with a bifunctional catalytic system formed by Ni nanoparticles covered by a few layers of carbon (Ni@C NPs) and CeO 2 nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of Ni@C-CeO 2 catalyst surpasses the state-of-art Au/CeO 2 catalyst for the direct production of azoxybenzene from nitrobenzene. By means of kinetic and spectroscopic results, a bifunctional mechanism is proposed in which, the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene can be stopped at the formation of azoxybenzene with >95% conversion and >93% selectivity, or can be further driven to the formation of azobenzene with >85% selectivity. By making a bifunctional catalyst with a non-noble metal, one can achieve chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes not only to anilines, but also to corresponding azoxy and azo compounds.
Influence of scaling effects on designing for power efficiency of a micropreconcentrator (2005)

Rapid and reliable assessment of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in the environment using gas chromatography (GC) is often limited by cost of analysis, and time delays between sampling and analysis. Many environmental monitors incorporating GC systems are too large for portability, and lack sufficient sensitivity and/or selectivity to serve as practical environmental monitors. Frequently, a complete system redesign, due to nonlinear power scaling relative to component size, is required to reduce the mass and volume of power supplies, especially for the micro-systems of present interest. Here, we examined four strategies in reducing power demand by the largest consumer of power in a model micro GC, the preconcentrator. Our simulations included alterations in heater pad placement/size, reduction of thermal mass in the device, vacuum sealing, and incorporation of a gas dwell time during preconcentrator heating. Our numerical results were in general agreement with experimental findings in simpler systems, in terms of the benefits of vacuum sealing. The greatest reductions in power demand were achieved with vacuum sealing (51%) and reductions in thermal mass (15%). Future work will address structural and materials issues involved in reduction of thermal mass, and also optimization of power supplies required to meet the multilevel power demands of these complex microelectromechanical systems.
G Protein Modulation of N-type Calcium Channels Is Facilitated by Physical Interactions between Syntaxin 1A and Gβγ (2000)

The direct modulation of N-type calcium channels by G protein betagamma subunits is considered a key factor in the regulation of neurotransmission. Some of the molecular determinants that govern the binding interaction of N-type channels and Gbetagamma have recently been identified (see, i.e., Zamponi, G. W., Bourinet, E., Nelson, D., Nargeot, J., and Snutch, T. P. (1997) Nature 385, 442-446); however, little is known about cellular mechanisms that modulate this interaction. Here we report that a protein of the presynaptic vesicle release complex, syntaxin 1A, mediates a crucial role in the tonic inhibition of N-type channels by Gbetagamma. When syntaxin 1A was coexpressed with (N-type) alpha(1B) + alpha(2)-delta + beta(1b) channels in tsA-201 cells, the channels underwent a 18 mV negative shift in half-inactivation potential, as well as a pronounced tonic G protein inhibition as assessed by its reversal by strong membrane depolarizations. This tonic inhibition was dramatically attenuated following incubation with botulinum toxin C, indicating that syntaxin 1A expression was indeed responsible for the enhanced G protein modulation. However, when G protein betagamma subunits were concomitantly coexpressed, the toxin became ineffective in removing G protein inhibition, suggesting that syntaxin 1A optimizes, rather than being required for G protein modulation of N-type channels. We also demonstrate that Gbetagamma physically binds to syntaxin 1A, and that syntaxin 1A can simultaneously interact with Gbetagamma and the synprint motif of the N-type channel II-III linker. Taken together, our experiments suggest a mechanism by which syntaxin 1A mediates a colocalization of G protein betagamma subunits and N-type calcium channels, thus resulting in more effective G protein coupling to, and regulation of, the channel. Thus, the interactions between syntaxin, G proteins, and N-type calcium channels are part of the structural specialization of the presynaptic terminal.
Volatile β‐Diketonate Complexes of Calcium(II), Strontium(II), and Barium(II) (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato-O,O′)Calcium (II)(2,5,8,11,14-pentaxapentadecane-O,O′,O″,O″′,O″″) Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato-O,O′-)-strontium(II)(2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecaneO,O′,O″,O″′,O″″) Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato-O,O′-)-barium(II)(2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecaneO,O′,O′,O″′,O″″)
Ammonia and propane as natural refrigerants for heat pump applications. (2018)

Paper published in poster form during the conference. Interest in the use of natural refrigerants in to minimize the environmental impact of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment is gaining strength. This article focuses on the performance of two candidate natural refrigerants: ammonia and propane for heat pump applications. Cycle configurations include: (1) basic vapor compression, (2) two configurations with different liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger arrangements, and (3) a two-stage flash economizer cycle for evaluation of ammonia and propane in comparison to R-134a and R410A. The objective is to evaluate the relative performances of current and natural refrigerants and gauge which class is better suited to address the global energy and environmental challenges.
Bibliography of FACTS Applications for Grid Integration of Wind and PV Solar Power Systems: 1995-2010 IEEE Working Group Report (2011)

This paper presents the Bibliography of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) applications for grid integration of wind power systems and PV solar power systems during the period 1995 to 2010. It provides a listing of various journal and conference papers in this area.