gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Residual Reinforcement Learning based Autonomous Blimp Control (2022)

Blimps are well suited to perform long-duration aerial tasks as they are energy efficient, relatively silent and safe. To address the blimp navigation and control task, in previous work we developed a hardware and software-in-the-loop framework and a PID-based controller for large blimps in the presence of wind disturbance. However, blimps have a deformable structure and their dynamics are inherently non-linear and time-delayed, making PID controllers difficult to tune. Thus, often resulting in large tracking errors. Moreover, the buoyancy of a blimp is constantly changing due to variations in ambient temperature and pressure. To address these issues, in this paper we present a learning-based framework based on deep residual reinforcement learning (DRRL), for the blimp control task. Within this framework, we first employ a PID controller to provide baseline performance. Subsequently, the DRRL agent learns to modify the PID decisions by interaction with the environment. We demonstrate in simulation that DRRL agent consistently improves the PID performance. Through rigorous simulation experiments, we show that the agent is robust to changes in wind speed and buoyancy. In real-world experiments, we demonstrate that the agent, trained only in simulation, is sufficiently robust to control an actual blimp in windy conditions. We openly provide the source code of our approach at https://github.com/robot-perception-group/AutonomousBlimpDRL. Video demonstration is provided at https://youtu.be/EMC4KnlH0yI.
2nm Node: Benchmarking FinFET vs Nano-Slab Transistor Architectures for Artificial Intelligence and Next Gen Smart Mobile Devices (2019)

We explore four different technology and design options for transistors and library cells for a low power supply voltage of 0.4 V and circuit statistics representative of artificial intelligence (AI) applications. The design rules correspond to 2nm node with cell heights of 100~110 nm and 30 nm gate pitch. Holistic analysis of the RO (Ring Oscillator) behavior, including MOL parasitics, all major variability sources, and stress proximity effects suggests that different FinFET and nanoslab transistor design options exhibit a wide range of power and performance differences. The key to improve FinFET PPA is to avoid fin cuts to maintain strong PMOS performance, and a key to improve SS corner delay is to use nanoslabs with tighter variability control.
Scalable parallel programming (2008)

The advent of multicore CPUs and manycore GPUs means that mainstream processor chips are now parallel systems. Furthermore, their parallelism continues to scale with Moore's law. The challenge is to develop mainstream application software that transparently scales its parallelism to leverage the increasing number of processor cores, much as 3D graphics applications transparently scale their parallelism to manycore GPUs with widely varying numbers of cores.
FABRICATION OF A MODEL POLYHEDRAL SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITY (2011)

The polyhedral cavity is a superconducting cavity structure in which a multi-cell cavity is built from a Roman-arch assembly of arc segments. Each segment has a Tesla-like r-z profile, and is fabricated either by bonding a Nb foil to a Cu substrate wedge or by depositing a Nb surface on the Cu substrate. The segments are assembled with an arrangement of locking rings and alignment pins, with a controlled narrow gap between segments over much of the arc-span of adjoining segments. A tubular channel is machined in the mating surfaces of the Cu wedges. Dipole modes are suppressed by locating along each channel a tube coated with rf-terminating ferrite. A first model of the cavity is being built to investigate mode structure, evaluate alternatives for the Nb surface fabrication, and develop assembly procedures.
P033 - Risk of Crohn's disease-related hospitalization in patients receiving long-term adalimumab therapy: 3-year data from CHARM and ADHERE (2009)

Introduction: Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor, has been shown to be efficacious in the induction and maintenance of remission and for reducing hospitalization of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) [1,2] The objective of the current analysis was to assess the long-term effects of adalimumab on hospitalization rates in patients with CD through 3 years from baseline visit of the 56-week CHARM trial.Methods: In CHARM, patients were randomized to placebo, 40-mg adalimumab every other week (eow), or 40-mg adalimumab weekly.Patients with flare/nonresponse could receive open-label adalimumab at or after Week 12.At the end of CHARM, patients could enroll in an open-label extension trial (ADHERE) in which those on blinded therapy received adalimumab eow and those already on open-label adalimumab continued their current therapies.Patients could increase to weekly treatment in ADHERE for flare/nonresponse, but dosage decrease was not allowed.In this analysis, patients initially randomized to adalimumab in CHARM were followed through 3 years of exposure.A Weibull model, a parametric model based in survival analysis, was used to assess the trend in the risk of hospitalization over time.In this model, the "shape parameter" indicates whether the hazard of hospitalization is decreasing (values <1) or increasing (values >1).The number of hospitalizations per patient-year of observation was also calculated for each of the 3 years.Results: 517 patients were randomized to receive adalimumab in CHARM and were followed through 3 years of treatment.At baseline, their mean age was 37±12, and their mean CDAI score was 309±58.Totals of 345, 250, and 209 patients remained in the trial at the end of 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively.The overall shape parameter of the Weibull model was estimated to be 0.81 (95% CI = 0.68 0.96), indicating that the risk of hospitalization decreased over time.The numbers of hospitalizations calculated per patient-year were 0.16, 0.12, and 0.08 for Years 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Conclusions: The risk of CD-related hospitalization appears to decrease over time in patients receiving long-term adalimumab therapy.These findings have important economic implications.
Computer-Aided Protective Relay Setting System for Large Power Networks (1994)

This paper introduces a protective relay setting system capable of handling a large network upto 10000 buses. The remarkable features are the useful functions such as network analysis (fault analysis, load flow calculation, zero-sequence current calculation, etc.), relay operation simulation, and automated setting coordination tasks. Fault currents in the maximum and the minimum operation networks are calculated to examine the setting values. The protection zones are automatically searched along the network connection. Protection coordination tasks among the primary and the backup relays composed of different types of relays can be performed by the relay operation simulation. The system is built on an engineering work station, which works in cooperation with other network operation support systems. Its graphical user interface helps every engineer to examine the relay setting using a variety of databases.
Thermochemical resistive switching: materials, mechanisms, and scaling projections (2011)

In this article, resistive switching based on the thermochemical mechanism (TCM) is reviewed. This mechanism is observed when thermochemical redox processes dominate over electrochemical processes. As the switching is based on thermal effects, it is inherently unipolar, i.e., the transitions between the resistive states can be induced by the same bias voltage polarity. NiO has emerged as a “model material” for resistive switching based on the TCM effect and the discussion of the resistance states and the switching processes are focused on this material with the appropriate electrodes, mainly Pt. Unipolar switching is unambiguously filamentary. Conductive filaments are formed during the electroforming process needed prior to memory switching. The SET operation is interpreted as a sequence of threshold switching and subsequent Joule heating which triggers local redox reactions in which oxygen deficient NiO and, if the amount of released oxygen exceeds a certain amount, also metallic Ni will form. The RESET transition can be described as a thermally activated solid-state process resulting in a local decrease of the metallic Ni species. In terms of operation and reliability, a trade-off between RESET current reduction and retention was experimentally found. This is due to the decreasing long-term stability of the filaments with decreasing size. In addition, the scaling projection of a TCM-based memory technology with NiO is directly related to RESET currents and the availability of appropriate select devices.
Accurate high-throughput gene synthesis using programmable microfluidic DNA microchips (2005)

Testing the deluge of hypotheses flowing from genomics and systems biology demands accurate and costeffective gene and genome synthesis. Here we describe a microchip-based technology for multiplex gene synthesis 1 . Pools of thousands of construction oligonucleotides and tagged complementary selection oligonucleotides are synthesized on photo-programmable microfluidic chips, released, amplified, and hybridization-selected to reduce synthesis errors. A one-step polymerase assembly multiplexing (PAM) reaction assembles these into multiple genes. This technology is promising for high-throughput gene and genome syntheses and should have utility for synthetic biology in general.
Coded Aperture Compressive Spectral-Temporal Imaging (2015)

We present a compressive camera that combines mechanical translation and spectral dispersion to compress a multi-spectral, high-speed scene onto a monochrome, video-rate detector. Single-frame reconstructions of 15 spectral channels and 10 temporal frames are reported.
Integrating MBE materials with graphene to induce novel spin-based phenomena (2013)

Magnetism in graphene is an emerging field that has received much theoretical attention. In particular, there have been exciting predictions for induced magnetism through proximity to a ferromagnetic insulator as well as through localized dopants and defects. Here, the authors discuss their experimental work using molecular beam epitaxy to modify the surface of graphene and induce novel spin-dependent phenomena. First, they investigate the epitaxial growth of the ferromagnetic insulator EuO on graphene and discuss possible scenarios for realizing exchange splitting and exchange fields by ferromagnetic insulators. Second, they investigate the properties of magnetic moments in graphene originating from localized pz-orbital defects (i.e., adsorbed hydrogen atoms). The behavior of these magnetic moments is studied using nonlocal spin transport to directly probe the spin-degree of freedom of the defect-induced states. They also report the presence of enhanced electron g-factors caused by the exchange fields present in the system. Importantly, the exchange field is found to be highly gate dependent, with decreasing g-factors with increasing carrier densities.
Radio Frequency Heating for Soil Remediation (1999)

Radio frequency heating (RFH) is a technology that increases the cost-effectiveness of a variety of site remediation technologies by accelerating the rate of contaminant removal. Heating makes the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials such as contaminants, soil, and groundwater more amenable to remediation. RFH brings controlled heating to the subsurface, enhancing the removal of contaminants by soil vapor extraction (SVE), groundwater aeration (air sparging), bioremediation, and product recovery. The results presented are from a bench-scale study and a field demonstration that both used RFH to enhance the performance of SVE. The bench-scale study performed on PCE-contaminated soil revealed an increase, by a factor of 8, in the removal rate when RFH was used to heat soil to 90 °C. The application of RFH for a three-week period at a former gasoline station near St. Paul, MN, resulted in raising the ambient soil temperature from 8 °C to 100 °C in the immediate vicinity of the RFH applicator and to 40 °C 1.5 m (5 ft) away. Most significantly, the use of an integrated RFH/SVE system achieved an overall 50% reduction in gasoline range organics (GRO) in soil over a two- to three-month period. The discussion includes applications of RFH for enhancing bioremediation and product recovery.
Supplemental Figures from Effective Cancer Vaccine Platform Based on Attenuated <i>Salmonella</i> and a Type III Secretion System (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures. S1: Chemokine/Cytokine Quantification in Serum and in Tumor Microenvironment. S2: Blocking of CXCR3 suppresses the infiltration of CD8 T cell. S3: Administration of 7DW8-5 results in activation of NKT cells, NK cells, and DC in mouse spleen.&lt;/p&gt;
Oral Nutritional Supplementation Accelerates Skin Wound Healing: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Arm, Crossover Study (2004)

Nutritional therapy is critical for wound healing in people with severe malnutrition or specific metabolic deficiencies. Medical claims from manufacturers of many oral supplements are marketed to surgical patients for decreasing edema, bruising, and discomfort. The effect of supplementing nutrients on soft-tissue wound healing in otherwise normal, healthy adults is an area of clinical importance, but little information is available. Proteolytic enzymes have been reported to moderate the inflammatory cycle and may up-regulate the healing process. The goal of this study was to perform a clinical trial in normal, healthy adults that examined the effects of an oral nutritional supplement (InflammEnz, Enzymes, Inc., Parkville, Mo.) on soft-tissue healing times. Twenty-six normal, healthy volunteers were recruited into a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, clinical trial consisting of two phases, each lasting 21 days. In phase I, subjects were subjected to a 3-mm forearm skin biopsy and randomly received a placebo or oral supplement (four capsules per day for 7 days). After a 2-week washout period, a second biopsy was performed to start phase II, with each subject receiving the respective placebo or supplement capsules. Digital photographs were taken during wound healing in both phases and analyzed for wound areas (in square millimeters) and perimeters (in millimeters). Twenty-two subjects completed the clinical trial. On the basis of wound surface areas, 17 subjects had improved wound healing and five subjects did not respond or responded only slightly to the supplement treatment. The mean +/- SD healing time of the subjects responding to supplement-treated wounds was 15 +/- 2.2 days, compared with 18 +/- 2.5 days for the placebo group. The 17 percent acceleration of wound-healing time was significant (p < 0.005). In subjects responding to oral supplements, less redness in the wounds was observed that may have been associated with less inflammation. The authors' results demonstrate that InflammEnz oral supplementation accelerated soft-tissue wound healing in 77 percent of normal, healthy subjects studied. The authors' study validates observations made that this supplement modulates the wound-healing process and suggests that many patients with minor soft-tissue wounds may benefit from treatment.
Electron emission from slow-wave structure walls in a long-pulse, high-power backward wave oscillator (1997)

Pulse shortening is a phenomenon common among all long-pulse, electron-beam-driven high-power microwave sources. Although the electron beam driving the source may continue to propagate through the interaction region of the device for several microseconds or more, the duration of the emitted microwave pulse is typically no more than /spl sim/100 ns. Most explanations of this phenomenon put forth involve the introduction of plasma into the interaction region and/or the degradation of beam quality. This paper describes experiments conducted on the University of New Mexico's Long-Pulse Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) Experiment which investigate the behavior of beam electrons in the slow-wave structure (SWS) during microwave generation. A current probe having a small aperture at a variable radius is placed within the SWS to monitor the beam current profile at different radii as a function of time. Results from these experiments reveal the appearance of electrons between SWS ripples at times corresponding to the peaks of the microwave pulses in separate experiments. A drop in the main beam current is observed shortly thereafter. The source of the electrons within the ripples is thought to be field emission or secondary electron emission from the SWS walls or emission from plasmas generated there.
Dispersion of High‐Purity Semiconducting Arc‐Discharged Carbon Nanotubes Using Backbone Engineered Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐Based Polymers (2015)

The isolation of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWNTs) with ideal diameter and high purity is highly desired for high‐performance electronic devices. However, current sorting methods for large‐diameter sc‐SWNTs suffer from either low purity (&lt;99%) or long processing time (&gt;20 h). Here, a backbone‐engineering strategy is reported for the polymer used for sorting to improve the purity of sorted sc‐SWNTs. Six diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based conjugated polymers are used to systematically investigate their sorting ability for sc‐SWNTs. It is found that incorporation of more thiophenes building blocks in the repeating units of DPP polymer backbone leads to increased selectivity and yield for sc‐SWNTs. The DPP polymers can disperse sc‐SWNTs with 1.4–1.6 nm in diameter and high purity of 99.6% by a processing time as short as 1 h. Furthermore, a scalable film coating method named “solution shearing” is used to fabricate SWNT network thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The TFT devices exhibit both high mobilities over 50 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and high on/off ratios over 10 5 , which are among the highest performance for solution‐processed SWNT network TFTs.
PAMAM Dendrimers Conjugated with L-Arginine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid as Novel Polymeric Gene Delivery Carriers (2013)

In this study, we synthesized functional dendrimer derivatives as nonviral gene delivery vectors. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM, generation 4) was modified to possess functional amino acids to enhance gene transfection efficiency. PAMAM G4 derivatives conjugated with L-arginine (Arg) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared to the native PAMAM G4 dendrimer. The polyplex of the PAMAM G4 derivative/pDNA was evaluated using an agarose gel retardation assay and Picogreen reagent assay. Additionally, the MTT assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of synthesized polymers. All PAMAM G4 derivatives showed lower cytotoxicity than PEI25kD. Particularly, PAMAM G4-GABA-Arg displayed enhanced transfection efficiency compared to the native PAMAM G4 dendrimer.
Light coupling from diode lasers to microlensed silica waveguides (1995)

Because of the low coupling efficiency (10–20%) from a diode laser to a cleaved single-mode optical fiber, discrete lenses or microlens-ended optical fibers have been widely used in laser packaging to obtain more light from the lasers. With both approaches, greater than 50% light coupling can be achieved.1–3 The microlensed-fiber approach has an advantage of involving fewer parts for alignment in the laser package assembly. In this paper we report, for the first time to our knowledge, the formation of microlenses on the ends of planar-processed silica waveguides. As to the alignment concern for single-laser packaging, these microlensed waveguides will have the same advantage as does the microlensed fibers. For coupling light from arrayed laser diodes, the microlensed waveguides will be easier to work with than are lensed fibers because a waveguide array can be easily fabricated to line up with a laser-diode array. Moreover, we believe that the microlensed waveguides will permit the well-developed silica-waveguide technology to be better utilized in hybrid optoelectronic-integration and fiber-amplifier applications.
Effect of personal data aggregation method on estimating group stress with wearable sensor: Consideration of group dynamics in workplaces (2017)

In this paper, we evaluate methods of aggregating personal sensor data to estimate the degree of group stress. We compare the estimation accuracy of two aggregation methods, one without and one with personal distribution scaling. As a result of applying the data of 9 groups of people (105 people) to the methods, it is shown that the no-scaling method successfully estimates the degree of group stress better than the other (average error = 1.19, r = 0.964). At the conclusion of discussion, it is suggested that the method without scaling is valid because both the group stress state and method reflect the interaction among people.
One-Click Formal Methods (2019)

Formal methods are mathematically based approaches for specifying, building, and reasoning about software. Despite 50 years of research and development, formal methods have had only limited impact in industry. While we have seen success in such domains as microprocessor design and aerospace (e.g., proofs of security properties for helicopter control systems1), we have not seen wide adoption of formal methods for large and complex systems, such as web services, industrial automation, or enterprise support software.
Elastic optical path networking: Enhancing network capacity and disaster survivability toward 1 Tbps era (2011)

We introduce elasticity and adaptation into the optical domain to yield significant spectral savings, resulting in increased network capacity and enhanced survivability for serious disasters in the 400 Gbps and 1 Tbps era.
Limit of Detection in X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Tissue Equivalent Samples (2015)

There is a suggestion of a new approach to mammography whereby following a conventional mammogram, the radiologist could interrogate suspicious regions using X-ray diffraction whilst the patient is still present and to establish the true extent of disease. A starting point for this work is to quantify the minimum detectable amount of breast cancer within a realistic thickness phantom. Perspex has a similar diffraction pattern to healthy breast tissue whilst water is similar to breast tumour, hence these two materials are used as tissue equivalent test objects for X-ray diffraction measurements. The preliminary results show linear agreement between the ratio of Perspex to water and the ratio of the diffraction peak intensities at 0.7 nm-1 and 1.5 nm-1. The minimum detectable limit for a component of the two 'tissue' mix was found to be 4.1%. This suggests that X-ray diffraction can be used to quantify tissue like mixtures down to the 4.1% / 95.9% mix level and hence has a strong potential for delineating the extent of infiltration disease.
Übergangsmetall‐substituierte VB‐Elementsysteme, XI Ni(CO)3‐assistierte Cyclisierung von Dimethylantimon(arsen)‐Übergangsmetallverbindungen (1976)

Abstract Die VB‐Element‐Übergangsmetallverbindungen π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 W ‐ As(CH 3 ) 2 und [π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 W] 2 SbCH 3 reagieren mit Ni(CO) 4 bei Raumtemperatur zu den Hetero‐Zweikern‐Komplexen π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 W ‐ As(CH 3 ) 2 ‐Ni(CO) 3 ( 1 ) bzw.[π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 3 W] 2 Sb(CH 3 )‐Ni(CO) 3 ( 2 ). 1 sowie das entsprechende Antimonderivat ergeben mit einem weiteren Moläquiv. an freiem Ligand in siedendem Methylcyclohexan ausschließlich die Vierringsysteme [π‐C 5 H 5 (CO) 2 ‐M ‐ E(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 ( 3–5 ; E = As, Sb; M = Mo, W). Ein Bildungsmechanismus wird diskutiert.