gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Focusing And Self-Defocusing Of A Tea Co 2 Laser Pulse In CDF 3 Vapor (1986)

We observed self-focusing and self-defocusing of a TEA CO<sub>2</sub> laser pulse in CDF<sub>3</sub> vapor under different conditions. The experimental parameters that we varied are: the pressure inside the interaction cell, the frequency of the laser line, the intensity and the temporal length of the pulse. We have shown that it is possible to pass from self-focusing to self-defocusing by only increasing the energy of the laser pulse of a fixed temporal length. We propose a physical model using the selection rule of the molecular transition that can explain these experimental results.
Advancing Pre-college Science and Mathematics Education (2015)

With support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences, and General Atomics, an educational and outreach program primarily for grades G6-G13 was developed using the basic science of plasma and fusion as the content foundation. The program period was 1994 - 2015 and provided many students and teachers unique experiences such as a visit to the DIII-D National Fusion Facility to tour the nation’s premiere tokamak facility or to interact with interesting and informative demonstration equipment and have the opportunity to increase their understanding of a wide range of scientific content, including states of matter, the electromagnetic spectrum, radiation & radioactivity, and much more. Engaging activities were developed for classroom-size audiences, many made by teachers in Build-it Day workshops. Scientist and engineer team members visited classrooms, participated in science expositions, held workshops, produced informational handouts in paper, video, online, and gaming-CD format. Participants could interact with team members from different institutions and countries and gain a wider view of the world of science and engineering educational and career possibilities. In addition, multiple science stage shows were presented to audiences of up to 700 persons in a formal theatre setting over a several day period at Science & Technology Education Partnership (STEP) Conferences. Annually repeated participation by team members in various classroom and public venue events allowed for the development of excellent interactive skills when working with students, teachers, and educational administrative staff members. We believe this program has had a positive impact in science understanding and the role of the Department of Energy in fusion research on thousands of students, teachers, and members of the general public through various interactive venues.
Influence of Cross-Linking, Temperature, and Humidity on CO2/N2 Separation Performance of PDMS Coated Zeolite Membranes Grown within a Porous Poly(ether sulfone) Polymer (2017)

Studies of zeolite membranes for gas separations, including natural gas purification, biogas purifications, and CO2/N2 separation are well documented. In this paper, using CO2/N2 separation as a model system, we examine a series of zeolite (faujasite)/polymer composite membranes. These zeolite membranes were prepared by growing a continuous zeolite layer within a porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) support followed by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer to fix defects in the zeolite/PES layer. The effect of PDMS cross-linking, humidity in the feed gas (46 ppm), and temperature on the transport properties were studied. The separation performance was significantly improved with membranes that used cross-linked PDMS versus un-cross-linked PDMS. At room temperature, the introduction of humidity completely suppressed CO2/N2 separation. With higher temperatures, the effect of humidity on CO2/N2 separation performance was alleviated to some extent. Exposure to humidity at high temperature led to poor recovery of transport properties upon reexamination of the same membrane with dry gases at room temperature. An improvement in recovery was observed if the zeolite membrane surface was made hydrophobic via ion-exchange with hexadecylamine. This suggests that water can be trapped at the hydrophobic–hydrophilic PDMS–zeolite interface; making the surface hydrophobic assists in removal of the trapped interfacial water. Practical applications of such membranes are limited to dry gas separations.
Hybrid Photon–Plasmon Coupling and Ultrafast Control of Nanoantennas on a Silicon Photonic Chip (2017)

Hybrid integration of nanoplasmonic devices with silicon photonic circuits holds promise for a range of applications in on-chip sensing, field-enhanced and nonlinear spectroscopy, and integrated nanophotonic switches. Here, we demonstrate a new regime of photon-plasmon coupling by combining a silicon photonic resonator with plasmonic nanoantennas. Using principles from coherent perfect absorption, we make use of standing-wave light fields to maximize the photon-plasmon interaction strength. Precise placement of the broadband antennas with respect to the narrowband photonic racetrack modes results in controlled hybridization of only a subset of these modes. By combining antennas into groups of radiating dipoles with opposite phase, far-field scattering is effectively suppressed. We achieve ultrafast tuning of photon-plasmon hybridization including reconfigurable routing of the standing-wave input between two output ports. Hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonators provide conceptually new approaches for on-chip integrated nanophotonic devices.
Sustained interleukin-10 delivery reduces inflammation and improves motor function after spinal cord injury (2019)

These data demonstrate that MCMs can effectively deliver biologically active IL-10 for an extended period of time altering macrophage phenotype and aiding in functional recovery after SCI.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIADHESIVE POTENTIALS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLONES DERIVATIVES OF CINNAMALDEHYDE (2016)

The cells of microorganisms often stick together and adhere to biotic and inert surfaces to form coats (biofilms) that are impenetrable and often highly resistant to antibiotics, as well as beingadaptive to immune responses of the host. The aim of this study is to develop drugs that are able to prevent cell adhesion and/or penetrate biofilm layer and reach the bacteria to render them harmless. trans-Cinnamaldehyde, found in oils and cinnamon barks, and curcumin found in turmeric have been found to hold such pharmacologic properties. The newly developed product hybrids were evaluated for their ability to exert in vitro antibacterial activity as well as their potential as bacterial anti-adhesive agents on several different bacteria. In summary, we have developed several novel compounds that show both antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties. Although the compounds are not as potent as the positive controls, they serve as lead for further structural modification to develop more potent derivatives.
Cortisol in the Evaluation of Adrenal Insufficiency (2016)

A 32-year-old woman with hypothyroidism presented for evaluation of chronic fatigue and weight loss of 9 kg. She had normal vital signs, darkening of her palmar creases, and buccal mucosa. Her test results showed low cortisol and elevated adrenocorticotropin hormone levels. What would you do next?
Abstract A114: Preclinical evaluation of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in homologous recombination deficient (HRD) MRE11 mutant microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (2009)

Abstract Background: The oral PARP inhibitor olaparib (AZD2281, KU-0059436) has shown anti-tumor activity in patients with hereditary BRCA mutations and provides positive evidence for synthetic lethal approaches for the treatment of cancers with DNA repair defects. The BRCA genes are regulators of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway but deficiency in other mediators of this pathway, such as the MRE11-NBS1-Rad50 (MRN) complex have also been demonstrated to be synthetically lethal with PARP inhibition in pre-clinical models. Cells deficient in HR DNA repair or signalling pathways are potentially sensitive to PARP inhibition and have been termed homologous recombination deficient (HRD). Examples of HRD include inactivating MRE11 mutations which have been linked to mismatch repair (MMR) deficient, microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal and endometrial cancers. Previous studies have indicated a high frequency (up to 87% of MSI colorectal cancers) of −1/−2 frameshifts within the poly(T)11 microsatellite repeat sequence and a corresponding reduction in expression. We have therefore undertaken a pre-clinical study to determine whether MRE11-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) respond to olaparib treatment. Methods: CRC cell line panels with known MSI status as well as isogenic matched cell lines models of MRE11 and MMR-deficiency were assessed for their response to olaparib by both MTS viability and clonogenic survival assays. Quantitative RT-PCR mRNA and protein expression analysis of MRE11 and DNA damage response genes were obtained for each cell line and HRD status determined. Expression of Pgp (ABCB1) multi-drug transporter, a pre-clinical resistance factor for olaparib and whose over-expression is associated with CRC, was also determined. Results: MTS viability assays showed a limited range of sensitivities between CRC cell lines and only modest correlation with molecular profiles. Analysis using sensitive long term clonogenic survival assays showed a wider range of sensitivities and revealed that HRD (MRE11 mutant) and MSI CRC cells were sensitive to olaparib treatment while microsatellite stable (MSS) and non-HRD (MRE11 wild-type) cells remained insensitive. Using isogenic cell line models we confirmed that loss of MRE11 expression can confer sensitivity to olaparib whereas MMR-deficiency did not. CRC cells which were HRD but overexpressed Pgp were more resistant to olaparib but could be re-sensitized to treatment by co-administration of the Pgp inhibitors or through the use of alternative non-Pgp substrate PARP inhibitors. Conclusions: Here we demonstrate that CRC cell lines with HRD due to MRE11 mutation and loss of protein expression are highly sensitive to the PARP inhibitor olaparib. These data provide evidence that patients with MSI and MRE11-deficient colorectal tumors could be suitable for treatment with olaparib. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A114.
A Codeposition Route to CuI−Pyridine Coordination Complexes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2011)

We demonstrate a new approach for utilizing CuI coordination complexes as emissive layers in organic light-emitting diodes that involves in situ codeposition of CuI and 3,5-bis(carbazol-9-yl)pyridine (mCPy). With a simple three-layer device structure, pure green electroluminescence at 530 nm from a Cu(I) complex was observed. A maximum luminance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9700 cd/m(2) and 4.4%, respectively, were achieved. The luminescent species was identified as [CuI(mCPy)(2)](2) on the basis of photophysical studies of model complexes and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Novel Organic Catalysts for the Direct Enantioselective α‐Oxidation of Carbonyl Compounds. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemokine receptor trafficking coordinates neutrophil clustering and dispersal at wounds in zebrafish (2019)

Immune cells congregate at specific loci to fight infections during inflammatory responses, a process that must be transient and self-resolving. Cell dispersal promotes resolution, but it remains unclear how transition from clustering to dispersal is regulated. Here we show, using quantitative live imaging in zebrafish, that differential ligand-induced trafficking of chemokine receptors such as Cxcr1 and Cxcr2 orchestrates the state of neutrophil congregation at sites of tissue damage. Through receptor mutagenesis and biosensors, we show that Cxcr1 promotes clustering at wound sites, but is promptly desensitized and internalized, which prevents excess congregation. By contrast, Cxcr2 promotes bidirectional motility and is sustained at the plasma membrane. Persistent plasma membrane residence of Cxcr2 prolongs downstream signaling and is required for sustained exploratory motion conducive to dispersal. Thus, differential trafficking of two chemokine receptors allows coordination of antagonistic cell behaviors, promoting a self-resolving migratory response.
Dissolution of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Its Effects on Lithium Metal Anode Cyclability (2023)

At >95% Coulombic efficiencies, most of the capacity loss for Li metal anodes (LMAs) is through the formation and growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the mechanism through which this happens remains unclear. One property of the SEI that directly affects its formation and growth is the SEI's solubility in the electrolyte. Here, we systematically quantify and compare the solubility of SEIs derived from ether-based electrolytes optimized for LMAs using <i>in-operando</i> electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). A correlation among solubility, passivity, and cyclability established in this work reveals that SEI dissolution is a major contributor to the differences in passivity and electrochemical performance among battery electrolytes. Together with our EQCM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy results, we show that solubility depends on not only the SEI's composition but also the properties of the electrolyte. This provides a crucial piece of information that could help minimize capacity loss due to SEI formation and growth during battery cycling and aging.
P2 Receptor Excitation of Rodent Hypoglossal Motoneuron ActivityIn VitroandIn Vivo: A Molecular Physiological Analysis (1997)

The role of P2 receptors in controlling hypoglossal motoneuron (XII MN) output was examined (1) electrophysiologically, via application of ATP to the hypoglossal nucleus of rhythmically active mouse medullary slices and anesthetized adult rats; (2) immunohistochemically, using an antiserum against the P2X2 receptor subunit; and (3) using PCR to identify expression of P2X2 receptor subunits in micropunches of tissue taken from the XII motor nucleus. Application of ATP to the hypoglossal nucleus of mouse medullary slices and anesthetized rats produced a suramin-sensitive excitation of hypoglossal nerve activity. Additional in vitro effects included potentiation of inspiratory hypoglossal nerve output via a suramin- and pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS)-sensitive mechanism, XII MN depolarization via activation of a suramin-sensitive inward current, decreased neuronal input resistance, and a slow-onset theophylline-sensitive reduction of inspiratory output likely resulting from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP to adenosine and activation of P1 receptors. Immunohistochemically, P2X2 receptors were detected in inspiratory XII MNs that were labeled with Lucifer yellow. These data, combined with identification of mRNA for three P2X2 receptor subunit isoforms within the hypoglossal nucleus (two of which have not been localized previously in brain) and the previous demonstration that P2X receptors are ubiquitously expressed in cranial and spinal motoneuron pools, support not only a role of P2 receptors in modulating inspiratory hypoglossal activity but a general role of P2 receptors in modulating motor outflow from the CNS.
From game events to team tactics: Visual analysis of dangerous situations in multi-match data (2016)

Sport analytics in general and soccer analytics in particular constitute quickly growing markets when it comes to professional analyses and visualizations. From a data analysis research perspective, soccer is a rich source of geospatial and temporal movement data, with high details and a controlled environment. However, soccer movement is complex as its compounds are actions and reactions of two opposing teams with inverse goals. Common analyses performed today are typically oriented towards statistical analysis and considering aggregate measurements. In this work, we propose a set of effective visual-interactive methods for investigating set plays as a first step towards semi-automated analysis of tactic behavior. In our analytic design, we follow the so-called Information-seeking Mantra by Ben Shneiderman by providing overview visualizations, interactive refinements, and detailed analysis views. We take an applied approach in showing case studies that give evidence for the applicability and merits of our proposed techniques.
IoT Goes Nuclear: Creating a Zigbee Chain Reaction (2018)

In this article, we describe a new type of attack on IoT devices, which exploits their ad hoc networking capabilities via the Zigbee wireless protocol, and thus cannot be monitored or stopped by standard Internet-based protective mechanisms. We developed and verified the attack using the Philips Hue smart lamps as a platform, by exploiting a major bug in the implementation of the Zigbee Light Link protocol, and a weakness in the firmware update process. By plugging in a single infected lamp anywhere in the city, an attacker can create a chain reaction in which a worm can jump from any lamp to all its physical neighbors, and thus stealthily infect the whole city if the density of smart lamps in it is high enough. This makes it possible to turn all the city’s smart lights on or off, to brick them, or to use them to disrupt nearby Wi-Fi transmissions.
Aging of Liquid Crystal Alignment on Plasma Beam Treated Substrates: Choice of Alignment Materials and Liquid Crystals (2007)

We studied temporal degradation (aging) of liquid crystal (LC) alignment on plasma beam processed substrates using LC pretilt angle as a measure of this process. It was shown that aging may manifest itself either in pretilt angle decay or pretilt angle growth depending on LC and alignment material. The alteration of electro-optic curves due to alignment aging was revealed. The weakest aging effect was observed for inorganic alignment layers obtained by PECVD method. An important reason of aging is chain scission and generation of low molecular weight reactive species disturbing surface anisotropy of atomic bonds and anisotropy of surface topology.
Presence of Renal Simple Cysts Is Associated With Increased Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2014)

We compared the incidence of renal simple cysts in 271 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 1387 patients without AAA (controls) using computed tomography (CT) angiography and abdominal CT, as a health screening program. The AAA group had significantly higher prevalence of renal simple cysts (55% vs 19%, <i>P</i> = .001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 12% vs 1%, <i>P</i> = .011) than the controls. After propensity score matching (n = 164), the prevalence of renal simple cysts was still significantly higher in the AAA group. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of AAA were age, male gender, smoking history, hypertension, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, creatinine, COPD, and renal simple cysts. The structural weakness predisposing for renal simple cysts may be associated with the initiation of AAA formation. More studies are needed to determine whether the presence of renal simple cysts can be considered as a risk factor for AAA.
Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds (2020)

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. Moreover, national-level species indices and uncertainty estimates are also available in the PECBMS database. Due to specific privacy ownership rights, the most recent (2016-2017) data from Spain (10.5281/zenodo.4590140) and Cyprus (10.5281/zenodo.4590189) are under Restricted Access and researchers interested in these most recent updates are required to provide a brief description of the data use. The Austrian and Portuguese datasets are publicly available but researchers using these datasets are kindly requested to notify the national scheme coordinators of their use. A list of regularly updated contacts to all national scheme coordinators is provided at the PECBMS website (https://pecbms.info/country/). We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data.
Experimental Verification of a Practical Engineering Design Method for Mixed-Flow Compressor Stages (2022)

Abstract The mixed-flow compressor has high efficiency and pressurization ability even at an extremely high flow rate. However, so far the design principle of the mixed-flow compressor has not well been established. In this paper, a novel and practical design method of mixed flow impellers is developed, in which the meridional construction needs few control parameters, and easily applied to engineering product design. In order to verify the developed method, a mixed-flow impeller with flow rate coefficient of 0.2374 is designed and manufactured for the experimental study. The experimental results show that the peak efficiency of the compressor at the machine Mach number of 0.6 and 0.8 reach 85.17% and 85.20%, respectively, which are competitively well-performed at large flow coefficient in the published literature. The comparison between experimental and numerical results verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of this proposed method and also provides some valuable guidance for the choice of the exit inclination angle of the mixed-flow impellers.