gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Field Optical Recording Using Solid Immersion Lens for High-Density Flexible Optical Disks (2013)

We propose a near-field optical recording flexible optical disk (NFR-FOD) for high-density recording at a high data transfer rate. We built a prototype high-density NFR-FOD that had a track pitch of 0.16 µm and we stacked some recording layers on a thin substrate that was 0.1 mm thick. We rotated the NFR-FOD closing the mechanical stabilizer on a drive system with less than 10 µm p–p axial run-out and achieved precise gap servo operation at a high rotational speed. We demonstrated near-field optical recording with a solid immersion lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 1.84 on the NFR-FOD. The NFR-FOD has a fourfold higher recording density than the current Blu-ray disc, corresponding to a capacity of 100 Gbytes per layer, and a high data transfer rate of 250 Mbps, while rotating at half the speed.
Cryogenic packaging of nanophotonic devices with a low coupling loss < 1 dB (2023)

Robust, low-loss photonic packaging of on-chip nanophotonic circuits is a key enabling technology for the deployment of integrated photonics in a variety of classical and quantum technologies including optical communications and quantum communications, sensing, and transduction. To date, no process has been established that enables permanent, broadband, and cryogenically-compatible coupling with sub-dB losses from optical fibers to nanophotonic circuits. Here we report a technique for reproducibly generating a permanently packaged interface between a tapered optical fiber and nanophotonic devices with a record-low coupling loss &lt; 1 dB per facet at near-infrared wavelengths (~730 nm) that remains stable from 300 K to 30 mK. We further demonstrate the compatibility of this technique with etched lithium niobate on insulator waveguides. The technique lifts performance limitations imposed by scattering as light transfers between photonic devices and optical fibers, paving the way for scalable integration of photonic technologies at both room and cryogenic temperatures.
Development of a 0.014‐inch magnetic resonance imaging guidewire (2005)

The purpose of this study was to develop a standard 0.014-inch intravascular magnetic resonance imaging guidewire (MRIG), a coaxial cable with an extension of the inner conductor, specifically designed for use in the small vessels. After a theoretical analysis, the 0.014-inch MRIG was built by plating/cladding highly electrically conductive materials, silver or gold, over the inside and outside of the coaxial conductors. The conductors were made of superelastic, nonmagnetic, biocompatible materials, Nitinol or MP35N. Then, in comparison with a previously designed 0.032-inch MRIG, the performance of the new 0.014-inch MRIG in vitro and in vivo was successfully evaluated. This study represents the initial work to confirm the critical role of highly conductive and superelastic materials in building such small-size MRIGs, which are expected to generate high-resolution MR imaging of vessel walls/plaques and guide endovascular interventional procedures in the small vessels, such as the coronary arteries.
LKB1 protein expression in the evolution of glandular neoplasia of the lung. (2003)

In AAH, loss of LKB1 expression is strongly associated with severe dysplasia, suggesting that LKB1 inactivation may play a role in the critical transition from premalignant to malignant tumor growth.
Blockade of C5aR impairs tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis preventing bone metastasis colonization in lung cancer (2016)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Trends of manufacturing automation security in the IoT era (2018)

IoT technology that can improve machine utilization by connecting manufacturing equipments and devices is attentioned. On the other hand, the security risk of information leakage, operation disturbance, and injury to persons is increasing. The system architecture, programming language and operation are greatly different between manufacturing automation system and IT system. Therefore, many organizations are promoting R&D, standardization, and human resource development on the security of manufacturing automation. This paper describes these situations in Japan.
Quantitative Measurement of Betaine and Free Choline in Plasma, Cereals and Cereal Products by Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS (2010)

Betaine and choline are important components of the one-carbon metabolism cycle, linked with the amino acid homocysteine and lipid metabolism. Analyses of broad ranges of foods point to cereal based foods being important sources of betaine and choline, however to date there has been no detailed analysis of these compounds in cereal flours or cereal products. An analytical method based on optimization of an existing extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis was used to analyze 47 plasma samples, 32 cereal flours and cereal fractions, and 51 cereal products. For the method validation LLOQ, recovery, inter- and intraday repeatability were all performed. Whole-grain wheat and rye flours, and products based on these were the best whole cereal sources of betaine (747-1508 microg/g) and to a lesser extent choline (76-159 microg/g), while the bran fraction contained the highest concentrations of betaine and free-choline (2350-2899 microg/g and 366-384 microg/g respectively). Refined wheat flour and products contained lower concentrations, while rice and maize contained only very low and no detectable amounts of betaine respectively (0-10 microg/g), and low amounts of free-choline (<31 microg/g). These results were mirrored in cereal products analyzed, with whole-grain wheat or rye-based cereal products having the highest concentrations of the two metabolites. Plasma concentrations for betaine and free-choline in a group of 47 subjects ranged from 15.2-66.3 and 9.8-18.5 micromol/L respectively, within the range of previous reports. This LC-MS/MS method can be used to rapidly and sensitively quantify betaine and free-choline in plasma and cereal products. Whole-grain cereal products and products containing cereal bran appear to be excellent dietary sources of betaine and free-choline.
‘trimoda’ Wafer-Level Package: Fully Compatible Electrical, Optical, and Fluidic Chip I/O Interconnects (2007)

We describe the fabrication, assembly, and testing of a wafer-level package with fully compatible electrical, optical, and fluidic (‘trimoda’) chip I/O interconnects. Various trimodal interconnect configurations are introduced. The trimodal I/Os are fabricated using five minimally demanding masking steps. In order to experimentally characterize the trimodal I/Os, we fabricate two separate substrates to test the chips with these I/Os in a piecewise manner. In the first assembly demonstration, we perform electrical and optical I/O interconnection measurements. In the second assembly demonstration, we perform electrical and fluidic interconnection measurements. Measurements reveal that the metal-clad optical pins (55×110 μm in size) attenuate an optical signal (632.8 nm wavelength) by 3.6%. The electrical resistance is measured to be 50 mΩ. It is also shown that the fluidic I/Os with the integrated back-side thermofluidic microchannel heat sink can achieve thermal resistance as low as 0.17°C-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /W. Cooling of localized power density of >300 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is also demonstrated. Mechanical testing of polymer pins before and after metallization is also reported.
Non-volatile memory characteristics of submicrometre Hall structures fabricated in epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAl films on GaAs (1993)

Hall-effect structures with submicrometre linewidths (&lt;0.3 μm) have been fabricated in ferromagnetic thin films of Mn0.60A0.40 which are epitaxially grown on a GaAs substrate. The MnAl thin films exhibit a perpendicular remanent magnetisation and an extraordinary Hall effect with square hysteretic behaviour. The presence of two distinct stable readout states demonstrates the potential of using ultrasmall ferromagnetic volumes for electrically addressable, nonvolatile storage of digital information.
Dynamics of Mode-Coupling-Assisted Microresonator Frequency Combs (2016)

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the dynamics of frequency comb formation triggered by mode-crossings in a normal group-velocity dispersion microresonator. We demonstrate that phase-matching conditions can predict the spectral features of the resulting combs.
Changes to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor Extracellular Loops Differentially Affect GnRH Analog Binding and Activation: Evidence for Distinct Ligand-Stabilized Receptor Conformations (2008)

GnRH and its structural variants bind to GnRH receptors from different species with different affinities and specificities. By investigating chimeric receptors that combine regions of mammalian and nonmammalian GnRH receptors, a greater understanding of how different domains influence ligand binding and receptor activation can be achieved. Using human-catfish and human-chicken chimeric receptors, we demonstrate the importance of extracellular loop conformation for ligand binding and agonist potency, providing further evidence for GnRH and GnRH II stabilization of distinct active receptor conformations. We demonstrate examples of GnRH receptor gain-of-function mutations that apparently improve agonist potency independently of affinity, implicating a role for extracellular loops in stabilizing the inactive receptor conformation. We also show that entire extracellular loop substitution can overcome the detrimental effects of localized mutations, thereby demonstrating the importance of considering the conformation of entire domains when drawing conclusions from point-mutation studies. Finally, we present evidence implicating the configuration of extracellular loops 2 and 3 in combination differentiating GnRH analog binding modes. Because there are two endogenous forms of GnRH ligand but only one functional form of full-length GnRH receptor in humans, understanding how GnRH and GnRH II can elicit distinct functional effects through the same receptor is likely to provide important insights into how these ligands can have differential effects in both physiological and pathological situations.
Pili genes pattern in Group B streptococci from newborn infections and pregnant women in Europe (DEVANI Project) (2011)

Objectives Evaluation of the presence and expression of genes coding for pili in a collection of group B streptococcci (GBS) isolated from newborn infection and pregnant women in the course of the DEVANI (Design of a Vaccine Against Neonatal Infection) project. Methods GBS isolates from pregnant women (PW) and cases of newborn infection (NI) were collected in 8 European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom) during 2009/10 under the auspices of DEVANI. Total no. of strains examined was 1078 and 192 from PW and NI, respectively. Isolates were screened by multiplex PCR and FACS analysis to evaluate respectively gene presence and surface-exposure of pili. Results The most common gene patterns found were PI-2a alone, PI 1+2a and PI 1+2b, while the PI-2b gene alone was very rare. The most prominent result was that a majority of isolates from NI carried the PI-1+2b gene pattern, while the most common pattern among PW was PI-1+2a. Most of analyzed strains express at least one pilus on their surface. Conclusions All isolates contained at least one gene coding for pili. When present pili 2a and 2b were highly surface exposed.
Data from A DNA-Launched Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Immunity to Promote <i>In Vivo</i> Tumor Control (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cytolytic T cells (CTL) play a pivotal role in surveillance against tumors. Induction of CTL responses by vaccination may be challenging, as it requires direct transduction of target cells or special adjuvants to promote cross-presentation. Here, we observed induction of robust CTL responses through electroporation-facilitated, DNA-launched nanoparticle vaccination (DLnano-vaccines). Electroporation was observed to mediate transient tissue apoptosis and macrophage infiltration, which were deemed essential to the induction of CTLs by DLnano-vaccines through a systemic macrophage depletion study. Bolus delivery of protein nano-vaccines followed by electroporation, however, failed to induce CTLs, suggesting direct &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; production of nano-vaccines may be required. Following these observations, new DLnano-vaccines scaffolding immunodominant melanoma Gp100 and Trp2 epitopes were designed and shown to induce more potent and consistent epitope-specific CTL responses than the corresponding DNA monomeric vaccines or CpG-adjuvanted peptide vaccines. DNA, but not recombinant protein, nano-vaccinations induced CTL responses to these epitopes and suppressed melanoma tumor growth in mouse models in a CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell–dependent fashion. Further studies to explore the use of DLnano-vaccines against other cancer targets and the biology with which they induce CTLs are important.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
PLANAR VAPOR GROWN INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE DETECTORS WITH EXTREMELY LOW DARK CURRENT AND FAILURE RATES (1987)

Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors have been fabricated which exhibit dark current as low as 10 picoamps (−5V), quantum efficiencies as high as 35% at 850nm, 90% at 1300nm, 93% at 1550nm and failure rates below 1 in 109 hours (1 Failure unIT = 1 FIT). The devices have 75 micron diameter active regions with InP "cap" layers. Pulse response times below 35 picoseconds have also been measured.
Extraction of Pulmonary Vascular Compliance, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance, and Right Ventricular Work From Single-Pressure and Doppler Flow Measurements in Children With Pulmonary Hypertension: a New Method for Evaluating Reactivity (2004)

Input impedance and VP calculated from Doppler measurements and a single-catheter pressure measurement provide comprehensive characterization of PH and reactivity.
Three-Dimensional Architecture of Latent and Active Meprin B (2002)

Meprins Meprin proteins are abundantly expressed in the kidney and intestine and have been biochemically characterized in human, rat and mouse tissues. There are two subunit types ( and ) that are evolutionarily-related, multidomain glycosylated polypeptides. The proteins are synthesized as latent disulfide-linked membrane-spanning oligomers, but can also be found in secreted forms. Meprin A is either a heterooligomer of and subunits or an homooligomer, while meprin B is a homooligomer of subunits (Figure Meprins can cleave basement membrane proteins, growth factors, and a variety of other bioactive peptides
Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions (2019)

The pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, are the main classical islet peptides critical for the maintenance of blood glucose. However, pancreatic islets also synthesis numerous 'nonclassical' peptides that have recently been demonstrated to exert fundamental effects on overall islet function and metabolism. As such, insights into the physiological relevance of these nonclassical peptides have shown impact on glucose metabolism, insulin action, cell survival, weight loss, and energy expenditure. This review will focus on the role of individual nonclassical islet peptides to stimulate pancreatic islet secretions as well as regulate metabolism. In addition, the more recognised actions of these peptides on satiety and energy regulation will also be considered. Furthermore, recent advances in the field of peptide therapeutics and obesity-diabetes have focused on the benefits of simultaneously targeting several hormone receptor signalling cascades. The potential for nonclassical islet hormones within such combinational approaches will also be discussed.
Effects of magnitude and phase cues on human motor adaptation (2009)

Recent findings have shown that humans can adapt their internal control model to account for the changing dynamics of systems they manipulate. In this paper, we explore the effects of magnitude and phase cues on human motor adaptation. In our experiments, participants excite virtual second-order systems at resonance via a two-degree of freedom haptic interface, with visual and visual plus haptic feedback conditions. Then, we change the virtual system parameters and observe the resulting motor adaptation in catch trials. Through four experimental conditions we demonstrate the effects of magnitude and phase cues on human motor adaptation. First, we show that humans adapt to a nominal virtual system resonant frequency. Second, humans shift to higher and lower natural frequencies during catch trials regardless of feedback modality and force cues. Third, participants can detect changes in natural frequency when gain, magnitude, and phase cues are manipulated independently. Fourth, participants are able to detect changes in natural frequency when the feedback (visual or visual plus haptic) is delayed such that the phase shift between the nominal system and catch trial system is zero. The persistent ability of participants to perform system identification of the dynamic systems which they control, regardless of the cue that is conveyed, demonstrates the human's versatility with regard to manual control situations. We intend to further investigate human motor adaptation and the time for adaptation in order to improve the efficacy of shared control methodologies for training and rehabilitation in haptic virtual environments.
Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025 (2021)

Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.
Quantum Reinforcement Learning (2016)

We investigate whether quantum annealers with select chip layouts can outperform classical computers in reinforcement learning tasks. We associate a transverse field Ising spin Hamiltonian with a layout of qubits similar to that of a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM) and use simulated quantum annealing (SQA) to numerically simulate quantum sampling from this system. We design a reinforcement learning algorithm in which the set of visible nodes representing the states and actions of an optimal policy are the first and last layers of the deep network. In absence of a transverse field, our simulations show that DBMs are trained more effectively than restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) with the same number of nodes. We then develop a framework for training the network as a quantum Boltzmann machine (QBM) in the presence of a significant transverse field for reinforcement learning. This method also outperforms the reinforcement learning method that uses RBMs.
ChemInform Abstract: DELINEATION OF SHIFT REAGENT‐SUBSTRATE EQUILIBRIA (1973)

Abstract Durch Dampfdruck‐Osmometrie werden die Gleichgewichte zwischen den Lanthanidkomplexen (I) und dem basischen Modellsubstrat (ID untersucht und in Beziehung zu PMR‐Untersuchungen gesetzt.
Novel antireflective layer using polysilane for deep ultraviolet lithography (1999)

A bottom antireflective layer (ARL) is essential for deep ultraviolet (UV) lithography. We have just developed a polysilane antireflective layer (PSARL) process. PSARL can act as an antireflective layer due to the Si–Si bond which has absorption in the deep UV region, and it can be etched with high selectivity to resist under etch conditions that use a chlorine plasma which is a suitable inorganic silicon etchant. Similar to the conventional organic ARL process, PSARL can be simply spin coated onto the substrate, and removed with an asher using an O2/CF4 gas mixture. The partially cross-linked diphenylsilane copolymer was evaluated with a view to its application as an ARL material and the results obtained are presented in this article.
Effect of high magnetic fields on the morphology of soft magnetic α′-FeN films (2003)

The effect of high magnetic field on the microstructure and magnetic properties of α′-FeN films has been studied. The application of a high magnetic field during sputter deposition has a significant influence on the microstructure of α′-FeN films. In particular, the grain growth and the surface roughness are suppressed, and concurrently the coercivity becomes much lower. α′-FeN films deposited in magnetic fields of 2 and 4 T exhibit smooth surfaces with root-mean-square (rms) roughness of, respectively, 0.38–1.53 nm, saturation magnetization of 2.25–2.32 T and coercivity of 1.6–2.6 kA/m, while α′-FeN films deposited at H=0 T show rough surfaces with rms roughness of 6.0–6.8 nm, saturation magnetization of 2.13–2.15 T and coercivity of 9.8–12 kA/m. This effect of high magnetic field on the surface morphology is expected to be widely used to improve various properties of thin films.
DC bus stabilization of Li-Ion battery based energy storage for hydrogen/solar power plant for autonomous network applications (2014)

This study presents innovative control algorithms for a hybrid energy system by a photovoltaic (PV) array and a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). A single storage device, i.e., a Li-Ion battery module, is in the proposed structure. Linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness-based controllers for dc bus stabilization for power plants are compared. To verify the control algorithms, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits for the PV, FC and battery current control loops (inner controller loops), and with numerical calculation (dSPACE) for the external energy control loops. Experimental results with small-scale devices, namely, a photovoltaic array (800 W, 31 A) manufactured by the Ekarat Solar Company, a PEMFC (1200 W, 46 A) manufactured by the Ballard Power System Company, and a Li-Ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V) manufactured by the SAFT Company, illustrate the excellent energy-management scheme during load cycles, and the nonlinear differential flatness-based control provides improved dc bus regulation relative to a classical linear PI control method.
ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF $GeF_{2}$. (1967)

Author Institution: Chemistry Department, Rice University Houston, Texas, 77001