gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the immune response to RFA and cryoablation in a colon cancer mouse model (2022)

The immune response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation (CRA) was characterized and compared in a colon cancer mouse model. All studies were conducted under a research protocol approved by the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Animal Care and Use Committee. BALB/cJ mice were inoculated with CT26 cells, and randomized to RFA, CRA, or sham treatment. Mice were sacrificed 3 days post-treatment, and tumor, spleen, and serum were harvested. Cell death was determined by Caspase-3 immunohistochemical and TUNEL stains. Immune response was analyzed using flow cytometry, serum cytokine assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell death, necrosis, and apoptosis induced by ablation were comparable in RFA and CRA. Decreased frequency of systemic T-regulatory cells was found in the CRA group. Both RFA and CRA reduced frequencies of several myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subpopulations. RFA induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion including TNF-α and IL-12 as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, and IL-10. CRA augmented secretion of a wider array of cytokines compared to RFA with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties including IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and KC GRO. In the tumor microenvironment, RFA reduced the number of T-regulatory cells, a finding not observed with CRA. Reduction of immune suppression via decreases in T-regulatory cells and MDSC was found to be induced by RFA or CRA. CRA augmented a wider range of cytokines than RFA, which were mainly pro-inflammatory, but also anti-inflammatory. In the tumor microenvironment, RFA demonstrated more pronounced anti-tumoral immunity. Further delineation of specific immunomodulation induced by ablation could inform drug-device development and may play a role in future hypothesis-driven immunomodulatory paradigms that combine immunotherapy drugs with tumor destruction for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer.
Kinotypes: stable species- and individual-specific profiles of cellular kinase activity (2013)

Species-specific kinotypes could have applications in disease research by facilitating the selection of appropriate animal models or by revealing a baseline kinomic signature to which treatment-induced profiles could be compared. Similarly, individual-specific kinotypes could have implications in personalized medicine, where the identification of molecular patterns or signatures within the kinome may depend on both the levels of kinome diversity and temporal stability across individuals.
Data from DHA-SBT-1214 Taxoid Nanoemulsion and Anti–PD-L1 Antibody Combination Therapy Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in a Syngeneic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Model (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The goal of this study was to evaluate combination of a novel taxoid, DHA-SBT-1214 chemotherapy, in modulating immune checkpoint marker expression and ultimately in improving antibody-based checkpoint blockade therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DHA-SBT-1214 was encapsulated in an oil-in-water nanoemulsion and administered systemically in Panc02 syngeneic PDAC-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Following treatment with DHA-SBT-1214, expression levels of PD-L1 were measured and anti–PD-L1 antibody was administered in combination. The effects of combination therapy on efficacy and the molecular basis of synergistic effects were evaluated. PD-L1 expression was lower on Panc02 pancreatic tumor cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, which significantly increased after exposure to different chemotherapy drugs. Administration of DHA-SBT-1214, gemcitabine, and PD-L1 antibody alone failed to increase CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltration inside tumors. However, combination of anti–PD-L1 therapy with a novel chemotherapy drug DHA-SBT-1214 in nanoemulsion (NE-DHA-SBT-1214) significantly enhanced CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltration and the therapeutic effects of the anti–PD-L1 antibody. Furthermore, in the Panc02 syngeneic model, the NE-DHA-SBT-1214 combination therapy group reduced tumor growth to a higher extend than paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane), gemcitabine, or single anti–PD-L1 antibody therapy groups. Our results indicate that NE-DHA-SBT-1214 stimulated immunogenic potential of PDAC and provided an enhanced therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which warrants further evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Uniform deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−δ films over large areas using ion-beam sputtering (1991)

Uniform films of YBaCuO have been deposited over 4-in.- (100-mm) diam, unheated Si wafers using ion-beam sputtering of a stoichiometric YBa2Cu3O7−δ target. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry reveals that within a 3-in. diam, the thickness variation is ±2.9%, and the compositional uniformity of Y, Ba, and Cu is ±0.9%, ±5.2%, and ±3.4%, respectively. The average film composition is Y1.03Ba1.88Cu3.09O7−δ. Deposition onto unheated substrates virtually eliminates the problem of the low sticking coefficients of Ba and Cu, and is much simpler for film synthesis and processing. The observed difference from the 1:2:3 target composition is attributed mainly to angular differences in the sputtered-flux distribution of each element. These effects should be minimized by substrate rotation. In order to obtain useful superconducting films, a post-deposition anneal on a suitable substrate or buffer layer is required. Using a relatively low temperature (∼810 °C), low O2 pressure (1.2 Torr) post-anneal, we show that oriented, superconducting films can be obtained on single-crystal MgO and SrTiO3 substrates. Films annealed under these conditions on MgO are predominantly c-axis oriented, whereas those on SrTiO3 are predominantly a-axis oriented.
Electrical Characterization of n-Type Polycrystalline 3C-Silicon Carbide Thin Films Deposited by 1,3-Disilabutane (2006)

X-ray diffraction, Hall effect probe, and four-point probe were used to characterize the n-type doping of polycrystalline 3C–SiC (poly-SiC) thin films. The films were deposited at on -isolated Si(100) substrates by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition using 1,3-disilabutane single precursor and ammonia. Resistivity values as low as were achieved. A shrinkage in the SiC lattice constant from was observed upon doping. The carrier concentration increased with doping from , while mobility decreased from . The temperature coefficient of resistivity was characterized in the range of and decreased in magnitude with temperature from for undoped and for the most conductive samples. The crystalline quality, carrier concentration and mobility, and energy barrier height at grain boundaries are discussed and correlated to the observed resistivity variation with doping.
Potassium and the Use of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Data from BIOSTAT-CHF (2018)

Higher potassium levels are an independent predictor of enduring lower dosages of ACEi/ARB. Higher potassium levels do not attenuate the beneficial effects of ACEi/ARB uptitration.
Microimaging: Seeing the Unseen in Living Patients (2014)

Today's gold standard for medical diagnosis is histology of excised biopsies or surgical specimens where tissue is taken out of the body, processed, sectioned, stained, and looked at under a light microscope by a pathologist. There are many limitations of this technique, including the fact that it is inherently invasive, time consuming, costly, and dangerous for some organs. Furthermore, oftentimes the diseased tissue is not readily seen by visual inspection and as a result the tissue is sampled at a random location, which can be highly inaccurate. If we could instead conduct microscopy inside the body, then we could provide tools for screening, targeting biopsies, making primary disease diagnosis, and guiding intervention on the cellular basis. This promise has motivated the development of a new field, termed in vivo microscopy, the goal of which is to obtain microscopic images from living human patients. Two in vivo microscopy technologies, confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, are currently available and in clinical use. Upcoming developments, including whole organ microscopy, swallowable microscopy capsules, molecular imaging, and very high resolution microscopic devices, are in the pipeline and will likely revolutionize how disease is diagnosed and how medicine is practiced in the future.
Time-resolved photoluminescence study of CdSe/CdMnS/CdS core/multi-shell nanoplatelets (2016)

We used photoluminescence spectroscopy to resolve two emission features in CdSe/CdMnS/CdS and CdSe/CdS core/multi-shell nanoplatelet heterostructures. The photoluminescence from the magnetic sample has a positive circular polarization with a maximum centered at the position of the lower energy feature. The higher energy feature has a corresponding signature in the absorption spectrum; this is not the case for the low-energy feature. We have also studied the temporal evolution of these features using a pulsed-excitation/time-resolved photoluminescence technique to investigate their corresponding recombination channels. A model was used to analyze the temporal dynamics of the photoluminescence which yielded two distinct timescales associated with these recombination channels. The above results indicate that the low-energy feature is associated with recombination of electrons with holes localized at the core/shell interfaces; the high-energy feature, on the other hand, is excitonic in nature with the holes confined within the CdSe cores.
“Batch” Kinetics in Flow: Online IR Analysis and Continuous Control (2013)

Currently, kinetic data is either collected under steady-state conditions in flow or by generating time-series data in batch. Batch experiments are generally considered to be more suitable for the generation of kinetic data because of the ability to collect data from many time points in a single experiment. Now, a method that rapidly generates time-series reaction data from flow reactors by continuously manipulating the flow rate and reaction temperature has been developed. This approach makes use of inline IR analysis and an automated microreactor system, which allowed for rapid and tight control of the operating conditions. The conversion/residence time profiles at several temperatures were used to fit parameters to a kinetic model. This method requires significantly less time and a smaller amount of starting material compared to one-at-a-time flow experiments, and thus allows for the rapid generation of kinetic data.
EUV patterning improvement toward high-volume manufacturing (2015)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology is a promising candidate for a semiconductor process for 18nm half pitch and beyond. So far, the studies of EUV for manufacturability have been focused on particular aspects. It still requires fine resolution, uniform and smooth patterns, and low defectivity, not only after lithography but also after the etch process. Tokyo Electron Limited and imec are continuously collaborating to improve manufacturing quality of the process of record (POR) on a CLEAN TRACK<sup>TM</sup> LITHIUS Pro<sup>TM</sup>Z-EUV. This next generation coating/developing system has been upgraded with defectivity reduction enhancements which are applied along with TEL<sup>TM</sup> best known methods. We have evaluated process defectivity post lithography and post etch. Apart from defectivity, FIRM<sup>TM</sup> rinse material and application compatibility with sub 18nm patterning is improved to prevent line pattern collapse and increase process window on next generation resist materials. This paper reports on the progress of defectivity and patterning performance optimization towards the NXE:3300 POR.
Accurate Downhole-Temperature Estimates are Critical to Proper Slurry Design-Improved Data-Collection Method Field Tested Successfully (2011)

Abstract Temperature is a parameter of great importance when simulating and modeling cementing or temperature-activated fluids (McSpadden and Glover 2008) because it affects the amount of retarders or accelerators needed to avoid undesired phenomena, such as premature cement setting or incomplete consolidation of the treatments. In 1964, API introduced the first set of tables (API 2005) that listed the circulating temperatures and hydrostatic pressures for certain wellbore circumstances and bottomhole conditions and the fluids that could be used in different well treatments, such as cementing, lost-circulation control, and water or gas control, etc. The API procedures have been widely adopted and recognized in the oil industry, and most operating companies feel comfortable using them. However, increased demand for oil and gas has forced operators to perform drilling, completion, and maintenance operations in deeper and more complicated zones. These zones are often classified as high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) fields. Currently, combining computational tools, such as computer simulation software and measurement sensors, allows operators to accurately measure temperature and pressure values and adjust them with well-known heat-transfer models; as a result, possible temperature changes during complex operations can be more accurately modeled. This paper presents multiple case histories showing the significance of using bottomhole pressure/temperature (P/T) measurement tools and the modified modeling of the heat-transfer effects as a function of operational parameters (flow rate, density, wellbore geometry). With more accurate temperature data, laboratory testing can be performed to better predict the behavior of the treatments mentioned when exposed to the more complex bottomhole conditions encountered.
Large FOV short-wave infrared meta-lens for scanning fiber endoscopy (2022)

The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE), an ultra-small optical imaging device with a large field-of-view (FOV) for having a clear forward view into the interior of blood vessels, has great potential in the cardio-vascular disease diagnosis and surgery assistance, which is one of the key applications for short-wave infrared (SWIR) biomedical imaging. The state-of-the-art SFE system uses a miniaturized refractive spherical lens doublet for beam projection. A meta-lens is a promising alternative which can be made much thinner and has fewer off-axis aberrations than its refractive counterpart. We report an SFE system with meta-lens working at 1310nm to achieve a resolution ($\sim 140μm$ at the center of field and the imaging distance of $15mm$), FOV ($\sim 70 \circ$), and depth-of-focus (DOF $\sim 15mm$), which are comparable to a state-of-the-art refractive lens SFE. The use of the meta-lens reduces the length of the optical track from $1.2mm$ to $0.86mm$. The resolution of our meta-lens based SFE drops by less than a factor of $2$ at the edge of the FOV, while the refractive lens counterpart has a $\sim 3$ times resolution degradation. These results show the promise of integrating a meta-lens into an endoscope for device minimization and optical performance improvement.
Picosecond transient coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of Rhodamine 560 in ethanol (1986)

Results of picosecond Raman scattering of the excited state of Rhodamine 560 are reported. Both two-and three-color transient spectroscopy are accomplished with a time resolution of ~10 psec. The method was coherent anti-Stokes Raman probing of the excited states with the Stokes field from a broadband synchronously pumped dye laser. The anti-Stokes signal is detected by using a multichannel spectrometer system.
Shock Wave Lithotripsy Causes Ipsilateral Renal Injury Remote From the Focal Point: The Role of Regional Vasoconstriction (2003)

The increase in free radical activity at a site remote from the treated region suggests detrimental global effects from shock wave lithotripsy therapy. These observations could be the result of vasoconstriction throughout the treated kidney with resultant ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although these global renal effects may subject patients with baseline renal dysfunction to irreversible renal damage, the clinical significance of our findings is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Improved End-To-End Spoken Utterance Classification with a Self-Attention Acoustic Classifier (2020)

While human language provides a natural interface for humanmachine communication, there are several challenges concerning extracting the intents of a speaker when interacting with a virtual agent, especially when the speaker is in a noisy acoustic environment, that still remains to be solved. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for end-to-end spoken utterance classification (SUC) and also explore the impact of leveraging lexical information in conjunction with acoustic information obtained from the end-to-end model for SUC. We demonstrate that strong performance can be obtained by the model with acoustic features alone compared to a text classifier on ASR outputs. Furthermore, when acoustic and lexical embeddings from these classifiers are combined, accuracy that is on par with human agents can be achieved.
An analytical model for BiCMOS logic transient response allowing parameter variations (1989)

A closed-form analytic model for the transient response of a BiCMOS inverter has been demonstrated which allows the gate delay to be predicted with good accuracy over a wide range of circuit and device parameter values. In addition, the model has been shown to be accurate not only when the bipolar transistors operate in low-level injection, but in high-level injection and saturation as well. Since this is a closed-form model, it allows the user to examine the equations directly to determine how the gate delay depends on circuit and device parameters. Possible applications being pursued at this time by the authors include investigating BiCMOS logic performance at low temperatures as well as examining the consequences of physically separating the bipolar and CMOS components of the BiCMOS driver. This could occur in a hybrid packaging scheme which has CMOS chips placed on active silicon substrates in which the bipolar drivers are fabricated
Trends in Coverage for Disease Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis in Medicare Part D (P3.161) (2018)

To characterize coverage policies for disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) within the Medicare Part D program from 2007 to 2015.
MIMO Wireless Communications: From Real-World Propagation to Space-Time Code Design (2007)

1. Introduction to multi-antenna communications 2. Physical MIMO channel modelling 3. Analytical MIMO channel representations for system design 4. Mutual information and capacity of real-world random MIMO channels 5. Space-time coding over I.I.D. Rayleigh flat fading channels 6. Error probability in real-world MIMO channels 7.Space-time coding over real-world MIMo channles with no transmit channel knowledge 8. Space-time coding with partial transmit channel knowledge 9.Space-time coding for frequency selective channels Appendices.
Using machine learning techniques and data mining tools for web document classification (2005)

Topic directories such as the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) and About.com rival search engines as some of the most popular websites. The ultimate goal is to organize the entire web hierarchically by topic. Such a structure allows for more focused searching. The process of classifying web documents and associating them with topics is called 'tagging'. In this paper, we explore how machine learning techniques and data mining tools can be used for automatic tagging. Automatic tagging helps not only in document classification but also in expanding directories such as dmoz.
Abstract 2021: Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms and Prevention of Ventricular Arrhythmias with Bucindolol in Patients with Heart Failure (2007)

Background: β-blockers have been shown to prevent ventricular arrhythmias (VT/VF) in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that there may be genotype specific responses to β-blocker therapy for prevention of VT/VF. Methods: The β-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) is a randomized trial of bucindolol in patients with NYHA Class III – IV CHF and LVEF ≤0.35. From a substudy of 1040 genotyped subjects, we identified those with the high functioning Arg389 β1 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and the loss of function 322–325 α2c adrenergic receptor deletion polymorphism. The incidence of VT/VF was prospectively recorded as an adverse event during the trial. Results: Of the 1040 subjects in the genotyped cohort, there were a total of 493 Arg389 β1 homozygotes vs. 547 Gly389 carriers and 207 α2c deletion carriers vs. 833 wild-types. The diplotypes included 418 subjects with both Arg/Arg389 β1 receptors and wild type α2c, 484 with one of these, and 134 carrying both the α2c deletion and β1 Gly389. For the genetic substudy, bucindolol was associated with less VT/VF that placebo (5.5% vs. 12.1%; p&lt;0.01) There was a significant drug-gene interaction for prevention of VT/VF with both polymorphisms (β1 overall p&lt;0.01; α2c overall p&lt;0.01). Arg389 homozygotes randomized to bucindolol had a lower incidence of VT/VF during the trial than those randomized to placebo (4.3% vs. 14.4%; P&lt;0.01) as for wild type α2c homozygotes (5.4% vs. 12.7%; p&lt;0.01). This reduction in VT/VF was not significant in other genotypes (β1 Gly389 carriers: 6.6% vs. 10.4%; P=0.13 and α2c deletion carriers: 4.9% vs. 10.6%; P=0.19). Subjects with the Arg/Arg389 β1/wild type α2c receptor diplotype randomized to bucindolol had a lower rate of VT/VF occurrence than those with only one or neither of these genotypes (both: 4.7% vs. 14.6%; p&lt;0.01; one: 4.9% vs. 11.2%; p=0.01; neither: 8.5% vs. 9.3%; p=1.0). Conclusion: Subjects with CHF and Arg/Arg389 β1 or wildtype α2c adrenergic receptors treated with bucindolol had a lower rate of VT/VF than those randomized to placebo. This treatment effect was not observed in the population of β1 Gly389 or the α2c deletion carriers, indicating a pharmacogenetic interaction.
Subatomospheric Chemical Vapor Deposited Boron‐Doped Silicate Glass Films for Solid Phase Diffusion Applications (1997)

The solid phase diffusion of boron into silicon from an ultrathin boron‐doped silicate glass (BSG) by rapid thermal processing (RTP) is a candidate to replace ion implantation for silicon doping in sub‐0.1 μm p‐metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor devices. The effects of process parameters for subatmospheric CVD BSG deposition and RTP integration are presented. The optimum process conditions were identified for BSG film deposition. After RTP, the doping profile could be independently controlled by source BSG concentration, RTP temperature, and time. Spreading resistance analysis shows that p‐type carrier concentration profile in the Si substrate ranged from 1017 to at depths less than 0.1 μm.
An advanced base station receiver concept for DECT (2002)

The concept of a simple non-coherent equaliser receiver for DECT, as a means to obtain robust performance in outdoor and large indoor applications is discussed. This simple structure renders the receiver insensitive to dispersion but cannot substitute diversity in flat fading channels. The authors describe practical approaches leading to a high performance base station receiver for DECT-type systems, based on the above concept. It is shown that a significant portion of the DECT preamble is not required by the present equaliser receiver, and that this interval can be used to emulate ideal selection diversity (without the need for two parallel receivers). In addition, the authors also introduce an approach to further extend the receiver's frequency offset tolerance. They therefore propose a novel integrated structure that performs both equalisation and selection diversity in a single base station receiver. It is shown through simulation that this receiver provides robust radio performance.