gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to electromigration of purely intermetallic micro-bump interconnections for 3D-device stacking (2008)

Electromigration is a well-known root-cause for long-term reliability problems. This paper demonstrates that the resistance to electromigration is significantly increased when solder-based intermetallic bonding is used as an alternative to standard solder flip-chip interconnections. Two different intermetallic joint-types are investigated: Cu-Sn and Co-Sn. After 1000h, no failures or degradation mechanisms are observed for testing conditions (150°C and 0.63mA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) which are 10 times harsher in terms of current density compared to electromigration triggering density values for standard solder flip-chip applications (0.05mA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Within-Individual Hematocrit Variations and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (2013)

Many self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) systems have generated artefactually increased glucose results in low-hematocrit patients (e.g., intensive care unit and renal failure patients); conversely, these devices could produce artefactually decreased glucose results in high-hematocrit patients (e.g., neonates). The introduction of hematocrit-independent SMBG systems permits more accurate testing in anemic or polycythemic individuals. In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Ramljak and coauthors have created glucose bias graphs for 19 common SMBG devices and declared certain systems to be optimally accurate because of insensitivity to hematocrit variation over a broad hematocrit range. Luckily, the average within-individual variation of hematocrit is low (between 2.9 and 3.3%). As such, a larger spectrum of SMBG devices can be regarded as optimally hematocrit independent.
Gene Expression Imputation Across Multiple Tissue Types Provides Insight Into the Genetic Architecture of Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Clinical Subtypes (2021)

We identified novel candidate genes (e.g., SEC22B) and previously reported risk regions (e.g., 17q21.31) for FTD. Most significant associations were observed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex splicing data despite the modest sample size of this reference panel. This suggests that our findings are specific to FTD and are likely to be biologically relevant highlights of genes at different FTD risk loci that are contributing to the disease pathology.
One‐minute whole‐brain magnetization transfer ratio imaging with intrinsic B1‐correction (2020)

From its speed and offering intrinsic B<sub>1</sub> correction, the proposed method shows excellent prospects for clinical studies that explore magnetization-transfer effects based on MTR histogram analysis.
Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aminoboration of E-Vinylarenes with pivZPhos as the Ligand (2019)

A Cu-catalyzed enantioselective aminoboration of <i>E</i>-vinylarenes with <sup><i>piv</i></sup>ZPhos as a ligand is reported. Enantioenriched aminoborates are prepared with excellent regio- and enantioselectivities up to >99:1 er under the optimized conditions. The utility of the current method was further established by rapid conversion of an adduct to a chiral benzo[<i>f</i>][1,4]oxazepine. A model for the stereochemistry of the asymmetric aminoboration process, which agrees with the experimental outcomes, was generated by computational analysis of the systems.
Histomonosis in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review (2022)

<i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>, the etiological agent of histomonosis, is a poultry parasite primarily detrimental to turkeys. Characteristic lesions occur in the liver and ceca, with mortalities in turkey flocks often reaching 80-100%. Chickens and other gallinaceous birds can be susceptible but the disease was primarily considered sub-clinical until recent years. Treating and preventing <i>H. meleagridis</i> infection have become more difficult since 2015, when nitarsone was voluntarily removed from the market, leaving the poultry industry with no approved prophylactics, therapeutics, or vaccines to combat histomonosis. Phytogenic compounds evaluated for chemoprophylaxis of histomonosis have varied results with <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments. Some recent research successes are encouraging for the pursuit of antihistomonal compounds derived from plants. Turkeys and chickens exhibit a level of resistance to re-infection when recovered from <i>H. meleagridis</i> infection, but no commercial vaccines are yet available, despite experimental successes. Safety and stability of live-attenuated isolates have been demonstrated; furthermore, highly efficacious protection has been conferred in experimental settings with administration of these isolates without harming performance. Taken together, these research advancements are encouraging for vaccine development, but further investigation is necessary to evaluate proper administration age, dose, and route. A summary of the published research is provided in this review.
LTE IoT link budget and coverage performance in practical deployments (2017)

This paper provides an updated analysis of link-budget and coverage performance for LTE IoT technologies: enhancements for machine type communications (eMTC) and narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). Previous studies have used the 3GPP evaluations assumptions and have demonstrated the coverage capabilities of these technologies when they are independently deployed. Some operators are, however, likely to deploy dual-mode networks - eMTC and NB-IoT - with the intent of supporting different applications in the two systems. With all conditions being equal for the two systems in such a scenario, comparison of the eMTC and NB-IoT technologies then requires that all assumptions are aligned. This paper extends the previous studies with the assumptions aligned for eMTC and NB-IoT systems to provide a fair coverage performance comparison. The study shows that compared to the 3GPP assumption, under the aligned assumptions, both eMTC and NB-IoT can support up to 5dB and 3dB higher uplink coverage, respectively. We further show these link budget improvements yield significantly reduced LTE IoT coverage outage in two simulated scenarios based on real network deployments: a wide area rural case and an urban deep indoor case. The results further demonstrate the potential of these LTE IoT technologies in realistic network deployment conditions.
Productization Challenges of Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits (2019)

Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits is a well-known and accepted online optimization algorithm, that is used in many Web experiences to tailor content or presentation to users' traffic. Much has been published on theoretical guarantees (e.g. regret bounds) of proposed algorithmic variants, but relatively little attention has been devoted to the challenges encountered while productizing contextual bandits schemes in large scale settings. This work enumerates several productization challenges we encountered while leveraging contextual bandits for two concrete use cases at scale. We discuss how to (1) determine the context (engineer the features) that model the bandit arms; (2) sanity check the health of the optimization process; (3) evaluate the process in an offline manner; (4) add potential actions (arms) on the fly to a running process; (5) subject the decision process to constraints; and (6) iteratively improve the online learning algorithm. For each such challenge, we explain the issue, provide our approach, and relate to prior art where applicable.
Dynamic simulation: the basic procedure (2012)

Once a set of dynamic mass balance equations has been formulated, they can be numerically solved, and thus the behavior of a network can be simulated in response to environmental and genetic changes. Simulation results can be obtained using a number of different software packages. Dynamic simulation generates the time-dependent behavior of the concentrations, i.e., x(t). This solution can be obtained in response to several different types of perturbation and the results graphically displayed. The basic principles and procedures associated with dynamic simulation are covered in this chapter. The following three chapters then apply the simulation process to a set of simple but progressively more complex and relevant examples.
Conductive Wiring of Immobilized Photosynthetic Reaction Center to Electrode by Cytochromec (2006)

The photosynthetic reaction center (RC) found in photosynthetic bacteria is one of the most advanced photoelectronic devices developed by nature. However, after immobilization on the electrode surface, the efficiency of electron transfer (ET) between the RC and the electrode is relatively low. This inefficiency has limited the possibility of using the RC for technological applications. Here we show that photoinduced electron transfer between the immobilized RC and a gold electrode can be increased by several tens-fold by incorporation of cytochrome c into the RC-self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-electrode complex. The effect does not depend on the initial redox state of the cytochrome and seems to be the result of the formation of a complex between the RC and the cytochrome c serving as an ET wire. This observation opens the possibility for electrochemical analysis of the special pair in the RC protein that is deeply buried inside the protein globe and is barely electrically addressable from the electrode surface.
Flow of solids in an interconnected fluidized beds system investigated using positron emission particle tracking (2001)

Abstract The technique of Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) is applied to analyse non‐intrusively solids flow in a laboratory scale Interconnected Fluidized Beds system. It is shown that, with a high performance tracking system, it is possible to extract from the data not only the Eulerian ensemble average velocity field, but also to reconstruct density profiles and to calculate mass flows in a solids circulation system. The most interesting flow characteristics inside the Interconnected Fluidized Bed system are highlighted. Although the data analysis is largely Eulerian, a first approach to a Lagrangian analysis has been performed through the computation of velocity autocorrelation functions. Characteristic frequencies of the solids movement could not be identified, but the velocity autocorrelations did provide insight in the dynamics of the solids movement.
Radar/sonar multitarget tracking (2002)

This paper examines optimal joint detection and tracking of multiple targets that move randomly in spatially uncorrelated and correlated Gaussian and non-Gaussian (heavy tail) clutter. We develop an integrated detector/tracker and illustrate its performance with synthetic data.
Prediction of Vehicle Radiated Noise (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engineers need the most capable design support tools to reconcile the demands of the market, legislation, economic design and production. Simulation tools are a very effective support system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The optimization of the complete vehicle system for external noise radiation is very complex due to the interaction of the engine performance with the vehicle positioning. Simple predictive methods and assumptions are often not usefully accurate. The work described here covers an approach to combining rapid predictions of engine and vehicle performance with those of radiated noise from the various significant subsystems, to produce a useful, rapid, prediction tool for complete vehicle noise. A mono-dimensional gas flow code is used to provide a sufficiently accurate prediction of the engine power for vehicle performance prediction and also the noise output of intake and exhaust systems.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Various approximate prediction methods are used to assemble an overall vehicle radiated noise prediction. This takes account of vehicle performance, size, component location and sub-sources such as the exhaust shell noise. The derivations of the approximations and the assumptions in the code are given. The results of various examples illustrate the overall effectiveness of this combined approach to vehicle noise modeling. Continuing development is underway which uses an improved flow code (GTPower) which effectively covers both the engine pipe gas flows and the performance modeling, including the acoustic radiation from the intake and exhaust.&lt;/div&gt;
Multi-Parametric Condition Monitoring of Medium-Power Generators with Brushless Exciters under Mechanical Faults (2023)

The interest in reliable condition monitoring of small-to-medium-power generator sets (GenSets) has increased in recent years due to the multiple benefits of prompt and decisive fault detection. This leads to the minimization of catastrophic failures and significantly improves the interconnected load's power reliability. In this paper, the case of mechanical faults is examined and particularly the eccentricity caused by a cocked bearing. The main electrical machine under investigation is a salient pole wound-field synchronous machine (WFSM) with a brushless exciter (BE), which is a very common topology in GenSets. The work is based purely on experimental testing, while a plethora of methods has been assessed based on their accuracy to detect and identify the fault, both stationary and dynamic. Finally, the paper proposes a new and non-intrusive method based on the monitoring of the stray leakage flux and its analysis while the generator experiences a deaccelerating transient, and the role of the exciters's geometrical properties in this new methodology is revealed.
Microdroplets can act as electrochemical cells (2022)

A water microdroplet in air or oil typically possesses an electric double layer (EDL) from the preferential adsorption of surface-bound ions at the periphery. We present the calculations of the ion gradients within a microdroplet at equilibrium, including systems containing buffers and water autoionization. These ion gradients are used to calculate the potential energy stored within the microdroplet. We consider how this stored potential energy can be utilized to drive chemical reactions, much like an electrochemical cell. Effective voltages as high as 111 mV are found for microdroplets having a low surface charge density (0.01 ions per nm<sup>2</sup>). Two sources of potential energy are investigated: (1) the electrostatic energy of the EDL of the microdroplet and (2) shifts in other chemical equilibria coupled to the main reaction through the EDL. A particularly important example of the latter is water autoionization, wherein the reaction of interest causes a flattening of the [H<sup>+</sup>] gradient within the EDL, resulting in a net recombination of H<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup> throughout the microdroplet. Numerical calculations are performed using a continuum model consisting of a balance between the electromigration and diffusion of ions throughout the microdroplet. Our treatment accounts for the autoionization of water and any chemical equilibrium of buffers present. The results are presented for uncharged water microdroplets with low amounts of salts and simple buffers in them. However, the calculational method presented here can be applied to microdroplets of any net charge, composed of any solvent, containing ions of any valence, and containing complex mixtures of chemical equilibria.
All-Fiber Optical Faraday Mirror Using 56-wt%-Terbium-Doped Fiber (2010)

An all-fiber optical Faraday mirror that consists of a fiber Faraday rotator and a fiber Bragg grating is demonstrated. The fiber Faraday rotator uses a 21-cm-long section of 56-wt%-terbium-doped silicate fiber. The polarization state of the reflected light is rotated 89 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> ±2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> with a 16-dB polarization extinction ratio.
Effects of Zn2+ ions on protein phosphorylation in epithelial cell membranes (1983)

The regulation of protein phosphorylation by Zn2+ ions and by other divalent cations was studied in membrane vesicles from a normal mouse epithelial cell line, MMC-E (Mus musculus castaneous). Four major phosphoacceptor polypeptides were found in these membranes. Micromolar concentrations of Zn2+ ions inhibited the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and of threonine residues in a 47,000-dalton polypeptide. In contrast, two polypeptides with molecular weights of 54,000 and 57,000 showed increased phosphorylation, mainly of serine residues, in the p.esence of Zn2+ ions. These results were not obtained using similar concentrations of other divalent cations and were apparently not due to an effect of Zn2+ ions on phosphoprotein phosphatases. Thus, the effects of Zn2+ ions on protein phosphorylation in membrane vesicles are complex and are not restricted to an inhibition of a single protein phosphatase or kinase.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND NMR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF N‐(6‐AMINOPHENYL)IMINOPHOSPHORANES (1984)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zu den N‐(o‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐iminophosphoranen liegt nur bei einigen der im Titel genannten Verbindungen ein Tautomeriegleichgewicht zwischen offener (III) und cyclischer Struktur (IV) vor.
Therapeutic Targeting of the Cancer-Specific Cell Surface Biomarker nfP2X7 (2016)

The degree of unmet need for new therapeutics in oncology is clear since about 30% of the population die from cancer with enormous associated costs in health care and in personal impact. New and preferably specific targets are needed now to address the problem, both to improve overall survival and importantly to reduce side effects in order to improve quality of life. nfP2X7 is a receptor that, unlike P2X7, cannot enable apoptosis in cancer cells. Having established the widespread coverage of human cancers in which the aberrant receptor is found, attention has been drawn to the therapeutic potential of the target and whether an immunotherapeutic approach is capable of providing a significant therapeutic response. We demonstrate the intrinsic target specificity, the delivery of antibody within target cells, the extremely good safety profile of the targeting antibody and the broad range of cancer tissue that could be treated in both humans and other animals.
Molecular Basis for Antiviral Action of EDP‐235: A Potent and Selective SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro Inhibitor for the Treatment of Covid 19 (2022)

To date, there are no approved oral antiviral therapies that can be administered early in the course of COVID‐19 to suppress progression of the disease or for prophylaxis. EDP‐235 is a potent and selective inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 3C‐like protease (3CLpro). EDP‐235 inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro protease activity with an IC 50 of 5.8 ± 3.7 nM and retains its activity against variant 3CLpro proteins from multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages ( IC 50 range of 2.8­–5.8 nM). 3CLpro protease activity progress curves showed significant curvature in a time‐ and EDP‐235‐concentration‐dependent manner indicative of slow‐onset inhibition. Slow reversal of inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro enzyme activity was observed in a jump dilution experiment. Michaelis‐Menten kinetic studies with a FRET peptide substrate in the presence of EDP‐235 indicated that EDP‐235 is a substrate‐competitive inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro with an overall dissociation constant K i of 3.0 ± 1.6 nM. SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro was crystallized bound to a close analog of EDP‐235 and structure elucidation revealed that the ligand bound at the active site and interacted with side chains of conserved residues Cys‐145, His‐163, and Glu‐166. EDP‐235 also potently inhibits 3CLpro enzymes from other α‐coronaviruses ( IC 50 range of 2–4 nM) and β‐coronaviruses ( SARS‐CoV IC 50 of 5.4 nM, MERS‐CoV IC 50 of 70 nM) which cause disease in humans to date. EDP‐235 resistance mutations in HCoV‐229E map to the active site of 3CLpro close to the predicted binding site and offer additional support to the mechanism of inhibition. EDP‐235 also showed a favorable selectivity profile (&gt;300 selectivity index) when tested against a panel of 30 mammalian proteases. In summary, EDP‐235 acts as a slow‐onset, slow‐reversible, substrate‐competitive inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro. The outstanding preclinical profile of EDP‐235 supports its further evaluation as an oral therapeutic for the management of COVID‐19.
Crystal structures of Bis[tricarbonyl(η-cyclopentadienyl)molybdato(0)]mercury(II) and trans -Dicarbonyl(dimethylphenylarsine)[iodomercurio(0)](η-methylcylopentadienyl) molybdenum(II) (1977)

The crystal structures of the title compounds [Hg{Mo(CO)3(C5H5)}2] (1) and [IHg{Mo(CO)2- (C5H4Me)(AsPhMe2)}] (2) have been determined by X-ray diffraction at 295 K and refined by least squares to residuals of 0.065 and 0.079 for 867 and 1313 ?observed? reflections respectively. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; [Hg{Mo(CO)3(C5H5)}2] is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 21.161(5), b = 7.106(1), c = 12.103(2) ?, ß = 91.23(2)°, Z = 4. [IHg{Mo(CO)2(C5H4Me)(AsPhMe2)}] is monoclinic, P21/a, a = 24.784(8), b = 7.751(3), c = 9.949(3) ?,ß = 105.16(3)°, Z = 4. The molecule in (1) has symmetry 2. Coordination about the mercury is substantially linear in both cases: (1) Mo-Hg-Mo 173.71(6)°, Hg-Mo 2.746(2) ?; (2) Mo-Hg-I 167.40(8)°, Hg-Mo 2.685(3), Hg-I 2.720(3), Mo-As 2.536(4) ?.
A Lower Bound To The Expected Discovery Time In One-Way Random Neighbor Discovery (2017)

We provide a lower bound on the expected discovery time of one-way neighbor discovery in multi antenna system. We assume that the scheme allows to use different directional transmission probabilities, which result in different probability of successful discovery between nodes. The proof shows that the lower bound to the expected discovery time, that node $i$ takes to discover its neighbors, is given by the reciprocal of the average probabilities of successful discovery.
Syntheses of novel bicyclic β-lactams by intramolecular nucleophile transfer reactions of N-tosyloxy β-lactams (1994)

Intramolecular nucleophile transfer reaction of several N-tosyloxy β-lactams was applied to construct a new six-membered ring in the product bicy
Cleavage of IgG 1 and IgG 3 by gingipain K from Porphyromonas gingivalis may compromise host defense in progressive periodontitis (2011)

Degradation of immunoglobulins is an effective strategy of bacteria to evade the immune system. We have tested whether human IgG is a substrate for gingipain K of Porphyromonas gingivalis and found that the enzyme can hydrolyze subclass 1 and 3 of human IgG. The heavy chain of IgG(1) was cleaved at a single site within the hinge region, generating Fab and Fc fragments. IgG(3) was also cleaved within the heavy chain, but at several sites around the CH2 region. Investigation of the enzyme kinetics of IgG proteolysis by gingipain K, using FPLC- and isothermal titration calorimetry-based assays followed by Hill plots, revealed non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics involving a mechanism of positive cooperativity. In ex vivo studies, it was shown that gingipain K retained its IgG hydrolyzing activity in human plasma despite the high content of natural protease inhibitors; that IgG(1) cleavage products were detected in gingival crevicular fluid samples from patients with severe periodontitis; and that gingipain K treatment of serum samples from patients with high antibody titers against P. gingivalis significantly hindered opsonin-dependent phagocytosis of clinical isolates of P. gingivalis by neutrophils. Altogether, these findings underline a biological function of gingipain K as an IgG protease of pathophysiological importance.