gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of exogenous recombinant murine leptin in lean and obese 10- to 12-mo-old female CD-1 mice (1998)

Leptin efficacy was compared in obese and lean female CD-1 mice. Body weights in these 10- to 12-mo-old mice ranged from 29.7 to 62.0 g, and leptin levels correlated with body weight. Mice from the lean and obese ends of the weight distribution were treated with daily peripheral leptin injections (1-100 mg/kg) for a 33-day period. The half-maximal effective doses for weight loss and fat reduction were shifted 0.5-0.7 log to the right for obese mice. Leptin was less efficacious at low doses (1-3 mg/kg) in obese mice but equal to or more efficacious in obese than lean mice at high doses (30-100 mg/kg). Leptin's initial effects on weight loss could be explained by appetite suppression in both groups, but its effects on fat reduction were greater in leptin-treated than pair-fed mice, particularly in the lean group. Leptin also prevented the elevations in serum corticosterone and ketones found in pair-fed lean mice. These data allow a quantitative comparison of leptin sensitivity in obese vs. lean CD-1 mice and suggest that in mice where obesity is a function of outbreeding and age, leptin sensitivity is moderately reduced. Furthermore, although appetite suppression has a clear role in leptin's effects on body weight, leptin may also have specific effects on lipid metabolism and mobilization that are different from the metabolic compensations that normally occur with food deprivation.
A Strain Energy-Based Constitutive Model for Continuous-Fiber Tissue Engineered Valved Conduit Tissue (2011)

Understanding growth and remodeling of extracelluar matrix (ECM) embedded in a scaffold phase is crucial for improving tissue engineering efforts, especially within the context of a mechanically-demanding enviroment to which engineered heart valve tissues (EHVT) are subjected. Our previous modeling efforts at short in vitro timepoints (one to three weeks) [1] illustrated the strong dependency of ECM-scaffold composite mechanical properties on that of the existing continuous scaffold phase. In this work, we build on these efforts by developing a generalized, large-deformation continuum-based model for short timepoint in vitro/in vivo environments and validating it using a ECM-analog system to simulate remodeling tissue. It is our intent to estimate the ECM mechanical quality from the measured scaffold-ECM composite.
Ureteroscopic Management of Lower-Pole Renal Calculi: Technique of Calculus Displacement (2001)

Ureteroscopic management of lower pole stones is a reasonable alternative to SWL or percutaneous nephrolithotomy in low-volume stone disease. If the stone cannot be fragmented in situ, Nitinol basket capture through a fully deflected ureteroscope into a less dependent position facilitates stone fragmentation.
Online learning of patch perspective rectification for efficient object detection (2008)

For a large class of applications, there is time to train the system. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach to patch perspective rectification, and show that it is both faster and more reliable than state-of-the-art ad hoc affine region detection methods. Our method performs in three steps. First, a classifier provides for every keypoint not only its identity, but also a first estimate of its transformation. This estimate allows carrying out, in the second step, an accurate perspective rectification using linear predictors. We show that both the classifier and the linear predictors can be trained online, which makes the approach convenient. The last step is a fast verification - made possible by the accurate perspective rectification - of the patch identity and its sub-pixel precision position estimation. We test our approach on real-time 3D object detection and tracking applications. We show that we can use the estimated perspective rectifications to determine the object pose and as a result, we need much fewer correspondences to obtain a precise pose estimation.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-associated Molecule-4, a High Avidity Receptor for CD80 and CD86, Contains an Intracellular Localization Motif in Its Cytoplasmic Tail (1995)

CD28 and CTLA-4, T cell receptors for B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) molecules on antigen-presenting cells, transmit costimulatory signals important for optimal T cell activation. Despite sharing sequence homology and common ligands, these receptors have distinct binding properties and patterns of expression. The function of CTLA-4 during T cell activation is not well understood, although an important role is suggested by complete amino acid sequence conservation of its cytoplasmic tail in all species studied to date. We report here a role of the cytoplasmic tail of CTLA-4 in regulating its subcellular localization and cell surface expression. In activated human peripheral blood T cells, or in several transfected or transduced cell types, CTLA-4 is not primarily a cell surface protein, but rather is localized intracellularly in a region which overlaps the Golgi apparatus. Transfer of 11 cytoplasmic residues, 161TTGVYVKMPPT, from the CTLA-4 cytoplasmic tail to the homologous position in CD28 was sufficient to confer intracellular localization. Mutation of the tyrosine residue (Tyr165) in this motif to phenylalanine resulted in increased surface expression of CTLA-4. Thus, the subcellular localization of CTLA-4 is controlled by a tyrosine-containing motif within its cytoplasmic domain. Contained within this motif is a binding site for SH2 domains of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
A Double Horizon Defense Design for Robust Regulation of Malicious Traffic (2006)

Deploying defense mechanisms in routers holds promises for protecting infrastructure resources such as link bandwidth or router buffers against network denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. However, in spite of their efficacy against brute-force flooding attacks, existing router-based defenses often perform poorly when confronted to more sophisticated attack strategies. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a system aimed at identifying and containing a broad range of malicious traffic patterns. Its main feature is a double time horizon architecture, designed for effective regulation of attacking traffic at both short and long time scales. The short horizon component responds quickly to transient traffic surges that deviate significantly from regular (TCP) traffic, i.e., attackers that generate sporadic short bursts. Conversely, the long horizon mechanism enforces strict conformance with normal TCP behavior, but does so by considering traffic over longer time periods, and is therefore aimed at attackers that attempt to capture a significant amount of link bandwidth. The performance of the proposed system was tested extensively. Our findings suggest that the implementation cost of the system is reasonable, and that it is indeed efficient against various types of attacks while remaining transparent to normal TCP users
Modeling and Performance Analysis of an Integrated Wind/Diesel Power System for Off-Grid Locations (2008)

Abstract This paper presents the modeling and performance analysis of wind/diesel hybrid generating system. Such configura-tions are typical for remote rural communities which are discon-nected from the larger power grid, such as those located on is-lands or in forests. Controllers are designed to ensure operation of the wind and diesel units in a cooperative manner, in order to reduce the fossil-fuel consumption of the diesel generator. The system has been simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC for different wind speed variations. I.
A New Concept for Using Ferroelectric Transistors in Nonvolatile Memories (2004)

A new concept for using a ferroelectric field effect transistor in a memory configuration is presented without the requirement of a negative voltage or an erase operation. The transistor is designed so that the accumulation sets in at a lower gate source voltage making it possible to reverse the polarization without applying a negative pulse to the gate.
Biallelic Alteration and Dysregulation of the Hippo Pathway in Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney (2016)

MTSCC is a rare and relatively recently described subtype of RCC. Next-generation sequencing of a multi-institutional MTSCC cohort revealed recurrent chromosomal losses and somatic mutations in the Hippo signaling pathway genes leading to potential YAP1 activation. In virtually all cases of MTSCC, there was evidence of Hippo pathway dysregulation, suggesting a common mechanistic basis for this disease. Cancer Discov; 6(11); 1258-66. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1197.
Monitoring Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease by Computed Tomography. Radiation Risk in Perspective (2014)

Computed tomography (CT) is a sensitive technique to monitor structural changes related to cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. It detects structural pulmonary abnormalities such as bronchiectasis and trapped air, at an early stage, before they become apparent with other diagnostic tests. Clinical decisions may be influenced by knowledge of these abnormalities. CT imaging, however, comes with risk related to ionizing radiation exposure. The aim of this review is to discuss the risk of routine CT imaging in patients with CF, using current models of radiation-induced cancer, and to put this risk in perspective with other medical and nonmedical risks. The magnitude of the risk is a complex, controversial matter. Risk analyses have largely been based on a linear no-threshold model, and excess relative and excess absolute risk estimates have been derived mainly from atomic bomb survivors. The estimates have large confidence intervals. Our risk estimates are in concordance with previously reported estimates. A large proportion of radiation to which humans are exposed is from natural background sources and varies widely depending on geographical location. The risk differences due to variation in background radiation can be larger than the risks associated with CF lung disease monitoring by CT. We conclude that the risk related to routine usage of CT in clinical care is small. In addition, a life-limiting disease, such as CF, lowers the risk of radiation-induced cancer. Nonetheless, the use of CT should always be justified and the radiation dose should be kept as low as reasonably achievable.
Abstract #4463: Targeted imaging of prostate cancer: the smart-bomb pro-drug delivery mechanism (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Introduction . Contrast enhanced TRUS, multimodality 3T MRI and nuclear bone scans are the most advanced imaging modalities used in contemporary urological practice for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. All of these imaging modalities may be considered prostate imaging modalities, not prostate cancer imaging modalities. With an increasing number of patients with minimal prostate cancer and opting for either focal treatment or active surveillance, the need for accurate tools for diagnosis and follow-up is eminent. We present our initial experience with two prostate cancer specific imaging pro-drugs. The core of these drugs is thapsigargin, a non-specific highly cytotoxic agent. A tyrosine ring is added for the coupling of imaging probes. The pro-drugs are inactivated due to the binding of a specific amino acid sequence, which can be clipped off by either PSMA or PSA proteases. The resulting activated free-drug is taken up by the prostate cancer cells, resulting in a dual smart-bomb effect of targeted prostate cancer specific imaging and treatment. Materials and methods . Imaging pro-drugs: JHD-9783 (PSMA) and JHD-9784 (PSA) were designed on the basis of 2 therapeutic pro-drugs: G202 (PSMA) and G114 (PSA). The difference between the 2 groups is the addition of a tyrosine ring for imaging probe linking (125I). For characterization of the drugs, MTT and protease-cleavage experiments were performed on LNCaP cell cultures. HPLC and LC-MS were used to analyze different cleavage metabolites. Standard electrophilic iodination chemistry was performed to iodinate the drugs with cold NaI and hot Na125I. SPECT-CT imaging experiments were performed on nude mice bearing LNCaP, LAPC4 or CWR-22R-H subcutaneous tumors. Results . MTT results showed a slightly reduced cell kill for JHD-9783 and JHD-9784, in comparison to G202 and G114. The IC50 for JHD-9783 was 10uM, for JHD-9784 2.5uM. LC-MS analysis showed that LNCaP cells cleaved the PSMA and the PSA pro-drugs into respective free-drug version. The free-drug was found in the cells, and to a lesser degree in the cell media. SPECT-CT imaging of the tumor bearing mice showed uptake by tumors, together with uptake by thyroid, liver and spleen. The PSMA imaging drug was also detectable in the kidneys and bladder. No toxicity was noted. Conclusion . In this study we present our initial experience with 2 prostate cancer targeted imaging drugs. By using the specific protease activity of PSA and PSMA, an inactivated pro-drug is activated in a free-drug and taken up by the cell, resulting in a dual effect of targeted imaging and therapy for prostate cancer. Initial imaging results showed tumor uptake, but also non specific uptake by different organs. Future experiments will address that problem.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4463.
An agile matching network using phase detection for antenna tuning (2013)

This paper presents an integrated tunable matching network designed to minimize antenna mismatch in real time. A phase frequency detector (PFD) measures the phase shift between the voltage and the current at the input of the circuit. This PFD controls a charge pump that modifies the capacitance of a varactor and a capacitor array, which are the tuning elements of the circuit. All components are integrated on the same chip for low power and compact operation. The system can be used to tune matching networks connected to antennas having a time varying impedance for applications such as handsets. The overall capacitance ratio of the varactor and capacitor array is above 12 and the impact of the parasitics is relatively low with an average quality factor Q of 40. The IC is designed in IBM CMOS 0.13 μm technology.
System level verification of video and image processing specifications (1995)

Abstract: A formal verification method is presented to verify the loop ordering of a high level transformed description against its original specification. The verification is done in an automatic way and its complexity is independent on the sizes of the loops bounds. Any practical structure of loop nests can be handled. The method is especially suited for applications in the area of speech, image and video processing, front-end telecom and numerical computing systems which exhibit many loops and complex multi-dimensional signals. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on several realistic examples.
Effect of Violet Light-Filtering and Manufacturing Improvements in an Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens on Visual Performance (2023)

The violet light-filtering technology and improved manufacturing of ZXR00V delivers a comparable range of vision and tolerance to refractive error to ZXR00 while mitigating dysphotopsias and enhancing contrast vision.
Analysis of cell differentiation by division tracking cytometry (2007)

We propose a quantitative method to characterize growth and differentiation dynamics of multipotent cells from time series carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) division tracking data. The dynamics of cell proliferation and differentiation was measured by combining (CFDA-SE) division tracking with phenotypic analysis. We define division tracking population statistics such as precursor cell frequency, generation time and renewal rate that characterize growth of various phenotypes in a heterogeneous culture system. This method is illustrated by study of the divisional recruitment of cord blood CD34(+) cells by hematopoietic growth factors. The technical issue of assigning the correct generation number to cells was addressed by employing high-resolution division tracking methodology and daily histogram analysis. We also quantified division-tracking artifacts such as CFDA-SE degeneration and cellular auto-fluorescence. Mitotic activation of cord blood CD34(+) cells by cytokines commenced after 2 days of cytokine stimulation. Mean generation number increased linearly thereafter, and it was conclusively shown that CD34(+) cells cycle slower than CD34(-) cells. Generation times for CD34(+) and CD34(-) cells were 24.7 +/- 0.8 h and 15.1 +/- 0.9 h (+/-SD, n = 5), respectively. The 20-fold increase in CD34(+) cell numbers at Day 6 could be attributed to a high CD34(+) cell renewal rate (91% +/- 2% per division). Although cultures were initiated with highly purified CD34(+) cells (approximately 96%), CD34(-) numbers had expanded rapidly by Day 6. This rapid expansion could be explained by their short generation time as well as a small fraction of CD34(+) cells (approximately 5%) that differentiated into CD34(-) cells. Multitype division tracking provides a detailed analysis of multipotent cell differentiation dynamics.
Understanding Price Controls and Non-Price Competition with Matching Theory (2012)

[No abstract]
Nucleation of Porous Crystals from Ion-Paired Prenucleation Clusters (2022)

Current nucleation models propose manifold options for the formation of crystalline materials. Exploring and distinguishing between different crystallization pathways on the molecular level however remain a challenge, especially for complex porous materials. These usually consist of large unit cells with an ordered framework and pore components and often nucleate in complex, multiphasic synthesis media, restricting in-depth characterization. This work shows how aluminosilicate speciation during crystallization can be documented in detail in monophasic hydrated silicate ionic liquids (HSILs). The observations reveal that zeolites can form via supramolecular organization of ion-paired prenucleation clusters, consisting of aluminosilicate anions, ion-paired to alkali cations, and imply that zeolite crystallization from HSILs can be described within the spectrum of modern nucleation theory.
<title>Reconfigurable optical switches with monolithic electrical-to-optical interfaces</title> (1994)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be integrated with heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) and heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) on the same wafer to form high speed optical and optoelectronic switches, respectively, that can be optically or electrically addressed. This permits the direct communication and transmission of data between distributed electronic processors through an optical switching network. The experimental demonstration of an integrated optoelectronic HBT/VCSEL switch combining a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with a VCSEL is described, using the same epilayer structure upon which binary HPT/VCSEL optical switches are also built. The monolithic HBT/VCSEL switch has high current gain, low power dissipation, and a high optical to electrical conversion efficiency. Its modulation response has been measured and modeled.
Interferon‐β affects the tryptophan metabolism in multiple sclerosis patients (2005)

Tryptophan and its metabolites are of great interest in understanding the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The total levels of tryptophan and its metabolites, kynurenine and kynurenic acid were determined in plasma by capillary liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. This is the first report of the plasma levels of these analytes in healthy controls and relapsing-remitting MS patients receiving long-term and acute interferon-beta (IFN-beta) treatment. Twenty-four hours post-administration increased kynurenine levels (first IFN MS versus healthy, P = 0.042) and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (K/T; first IFN MS versus healthy, P =0.027; first IFN MS versus long-term IFN MS, P = 0.036) were found. The long-term IFN MS group had higher K/T ratios at 4 and 12 h post-administration (P = 0.015 and 0.009, respectively). The increase of K/T ratio in the first IFN MS group indicate an induction of the enzyme indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), as reported earlier in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. As IDO is participating in both inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, further knowledge of its involvement in the pathogenesis of MS is of great importance.
Using histograms to detect and track objects in color video (2002)

Two methods of detecting and tracking objects in color video are presented. Color and edge histograms are explored as ways to model the background and foreground of a scene. The two types of methods are evaluated to determine their speed, accuracy and robustness. Histogram comparison techniques are used to compute similarity values that aid in identifying regions of interest. Foreground objects are detected and tracked by dividing each video frame into smaller regions (cells) and comparing the histogram of each cell to the background model. Results are presented for video sequences of human activity.
Production and isolation of dopastin, an inhibitor of dopamine .BETA.-hydroxylase. (1974)

A new inhibitor of dopamine β-hydroxylase, dopastin, has been isolated. The dopastinproducing strain was found in a mushroom culture, and after being separated, it was confirmed to be a member of Pseudomonas. Dopastin was obtained as colorless needles, mp 116_??_119°C, [α]21D-246° (c=0.5, C2H5OH), C9H17N3O3. The catalytic hydrogenation afforded dihydrodopastin which also inhibits dopamine β-hydroxylase.
Contemporary pain management strategies for minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. (2010)

The introduction of minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty has been accompanied by substantial changes in anesthesia and analgesia techniques. It is well recognized that the goals of minimally invasive surgery, which include rapid rehabilitation and improved patient function, cannot be achieved without excellent postoperative analgesia. Traditional postoperative pain management has been associated with high rates of suboptimal pain control, however. The conventional options for early postsurgical pain management include indwelling epidural catheters, which require changes in postoperative prophylaxis for thromboembolism, and patient-controlled analgesia pumps, which are associated with fluctuating pain levels and inconsistent pain relief. Numerous adverse effects are associated with traditional opioid medications, including respiratory depression, urinary retention, nausea, sedation, constipation, and pruritus. Safe, effective, and well-tolerated early pain relief after a minimally invasive knee replacement can be accomplished using a multimodal oral pain regimen, peripheral nerve blocks, and local injections.
Inflammatory properties of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in rabbit skin in vivo. (1989)

We have investigated the ability of recombinant TNF (mouse and human) to produce acute inflammatory lesions in an established experimental model of inflammation. Upon intradermal injection in rabbit skin, TNF, in amounts as low as 3 x 10(-14) mol/site, was found to be very potent at inducing local neutrophil accumulation and neutrophil-dependent oedema formation, thereby fulfilling two important criteria to be considered as an inflammatory mediator. Our findings further indicate that the pro-inflammatory properties of TNF are probably more related to its immediate stimulatory effects on neutrophils rather than to its slow (protein biosynthesis-dependent effects on endothelial cells. Our data thus show that very low amounts of mouse and human recombinant TNF can initiate an acute inflammatory reaction in vivo in rabbit skin and that TNF is able to evoke two of the four cardinal signs of inflammation.