gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pure Conducting Polymer Hydrogels Increase Signal‐to‐Noise of Cutaneous Electrodes by Lowering Skin Interface Impedance (2023)

Cutaneous electrodes are routinely used for noninvasive electrophysiological sensing of signals from the brain, the heart, and the neuromuscular system. These bioelectronic signals propagate as ionic charge from their sources to the skin-electrode interface where they are then sensed as electronic charge by the instrumentation. However, these signals suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio arising from the high impedance at the tissue-to-electrode contact interface. This paper reports that soft conductive polymer hydrogels made purely of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) present nearly an order of magnitude decrease in the skin-electrode contact impedance (88%, 82%, and 77% at 10, 100, and 1 kHz, respectively) when compared to clinical electrodes in an ex vivo model that isolates the bioelectrochemical features of a single skin-electrode contact. Integrating these pure soft conductive polymer blocks into an adhesive wearable sensor enables high fidelity bioelectronic signals with higher signal-to-noise ratio (average 2.1 dB increase, max 3.4 dB increase) when compared to clinical electrodes across all subjects. The utility of these electrodes is demonstrated in a neural interface application. The conductive polymer hydrogels enable electromyogram-based velocity control of a robotic arm to complete a pick and place task. This work provides a basis for the characterization and use of conductive polymer hydrogels to better couple human and machine.
Bacteria-Induced Gap Junctions in Tumors Favor Antigen Cross-Presentation and Antitumor Immunity (2010)

Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) trigger the activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells that target and eliminate cells with the antigen on their surface. Although DCs usually pick up and process antigens themselves, they can also receive peptide antigens from other cells via gap junctions. We demonstrate here that infection with Salmonella can induce, in both human and murine melanoma cells, the up-regulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), a ubiquitous protein that forms gap junctions and that is normally lost during melanoma progression. Bacteria-treated melanoma cells can establish functional gap junctions with adjacent DCs. After bacterial infection, these gap junctions transferred preprocessed antigenic peptides from the tumor cells to the DCs, which then presented those peptides on their surface. These peptides activated cytotoxic T cells against the tumor antigen, which could control the growth of distant uninfected tumors. Melanoma cells in which Cx43 had been silenced, when infected in vivo with bacteria, failed to elicit a cytotoxic antitumor response, indicating that this Cx43 mechanism is the principal one used in vivo for the generation of antitumor responses. The Cx43-dependent cross-presentation pathway is more effective than standard protocols of DC loading (peptide, tumor lysates, or apoptotic bodies) for generating DC-based tumor vaccines that both inhibit existing tumors and prevent tumor establishment. In conclusion, we exploited an antimicrobial response present in tumor cells to activate cytotoxic CD8 T cells specific for tumor-generated peptides that could directly recognize and kill tumor cells.
Advances in solar evaporator materials for freshwater generation (2019)

To alleviate the scarcity of clean water, solar steam generation, which utilizes the green and abundant resources of Earth, has attracted considerable attention and been recognized as a sustainable technology to purify seawater and wastewater.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Ovarian Cancer Spheroids Use Myosin-Generated Force to Clear the Mesothelium (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Ovarian Cancer Spheroids Use Myosin-Generated Force to Clear the Mesothelium
A convergent depression vulnerability pathway encoded by emergent spatiotemporal dynamics (2017)

Abstract Fluctuations in brain local field potential (LFP) oscillations reflect emergent network-level signals that mediate behavior. Cracking the code whereby these LFP oscillations coordinate in time and space (spatiotemporal dynamics) to represent complex behaviors would provide fundamental insights into how the brain signals emotional processes at the network level. Here we use machine learning to integrate LFP activity acquired concurrently from seven cortical and subcortical brain regions into an analytical model that predicts the emergence of depression-related behavioral dysfunction across individual mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We uncover a spatiotemporal dynamic network in which activity originates in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc, ventral striatum), relays through amygdala and ventral tegmental area (VTA), and converges in ventral hippocampus (VHip). The activity of this network correlates with acute threat responses and brain-wide cellular firing, and it is enhanced in three independent molecular-, physiological-, and behavioral-based models of depression vulnerability. Finally, we use two antidepressant manipulations to demonstrate that this vulnerability network is biologically distinct from the networks that signal behavioral dysfunction after stress. Thus, corticostriatal to VHip-directed spatiotemporal dynamics organized at the network level are a novel convergent depression vulnerability pathway.
596 Armed myxoma virus demonstrates therapeutic activity in xenograft models (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Oncolytic Viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and provide stimulation to the immune system. This represents a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients that do not respond well to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the Pox family of double stranded DNA viruses. The natural host of MYXV is a subset of rabbits and hares, but MYXV is able to infect cancer cell lines of humans and other species. The genome of MYXV is relatively large and is amenable to engineering for expression of transgenic proteins making it an excellent oncolytic virus for introduction of immunomodulatory proteins. <h3>Methods</h3> The current work describes the in vitro oncolytic activity and transgene production capability in human cancer cell lines, and in vivo activity of armed myxoma viruses in xenograft human cancer models. <h3>Results</h3> Armed Myxoma viruses demonstrate transgene production and oncolytic activity in multiple human cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo <h3>Conclusions</h3> Armed Myxoma viruses present a novel oncolytic viral therapy with ability to modulate immune responses in human cancer models <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> This study was approved by OncoMyx Therapeutics and the TD2 IACUC
Responses of active and inactive plasma renin to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal subjects. (1984)

To examine the in vivo activation mechanism for the conversion of inactive to active renin in human plasma, we measured active, inactive and total plasma renin activity during an insulin tolerance test in normal subjects. Total renin was measured after trypsin activation of inactive renin. Inactive renin was calculated as the difference between total and active renin. With a decrease in the blood glucose level from 92 +/- 8 to 22 +/- 6 mg/dl (p less than 0.01), active renin increased significantly (p less than 0.01) from the basal level of 1.9 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.9 ng/ml.hr at 60 min after insulin injection. Total renin increased and inactive renin decreased slightly, but the changes were not statistically significant. The ratio of active to total renin showed a significant increase (p less than 0.01) at 60 min. These results suggest that stimulation of the endogenous sympathetic nervous system is involved in the in vivo activation of inactive renin.
Ink Drop Displacement Model-Based Direct Binary Search (2023)

A novel statistical ink drop displacement (IDD) printer model for the direct binary search (DBS) halftoning algorithm is proposed. It is intended primarily for pagewide inkjet printers that exhibit dot displacement errors. The tabular approach in the literature predicts the gray value of a printed pixel based on the halftone pattern in some neighborhood of that pixel. However, memory retrieval time and the complexity of memory requirements hamper its feasibility in printers that have a very large number of nozzles and produce ink drops that affect a large neighborhood. To avoid this problem, our IDD model embodies dot displacements by moving each perceived ink drop in the image from its nominal location to its actual location, rather than manipulating the average gray values. This enables DBS to directly compute the appearance of the final printout without retrieving values from a table. In so doing, the memory issue is eliminated and the computation efficiency is enhanced. The deterministic cost function of DBS is replaced by the expectation over the ensemble of the displacements for the proposed model such that the statistical behavior of the ink drops is accounted for. Experimental results show significant improvement in the quality of the printed image over the original DBS. Besides, the image quality obtained by the proposed approach appears to be slightly better than that obtained by the tabular approach.
Subpixel Deblurring of Anti‐Aliased Raster Clip‐Art (2023)

Abstract Artist generated clip‐art images typically consist of a small number of distinct, uniformly colored regions with clear boundaries. Legacy artist created images are often stored in low‐resolution (100x100px or less) anti‐aliased raster form. Compared to anti‐aliasing free rasterization, anti‐aliasing blurs inter‐region boundaries and obscures the artist's intended region topology and color palette; at the same time, it better preserves subpixel details. Recovering the underlying artist‐intended images from their low‐resolution anti‐aliased rasterizations can facilitate resolution independent rendering, lossless vectorization, and other image processing applications. Unfortunately, while human observers can mentally deblur these low‐resolution images and reconstruct region topology, color and subpixel details, existing algorithms applicable to this task fail to produce outputs consistent with human expectations when presented with such images. We recover these viewer perceived blur‐free images at subpixel resolution, producing outputs where each input pixel is replaced by four corresponding (sub)pixels. Performing this task requires computing the size of the output image color palette, generating the palette itself, and associating each pixel in the output with one of the colors in the palette. We obtain these desired output components by leveraging a combination of perceptual and domain priors, and real world data. We use readily available data to train a network that predicts, for each anti‐aliased image, a low‐blur approximation of the blur‐free double‐resolution outputs we seek. The images obtained at this stage are perceptually closer to the desired outputs but typically still have hundreds of redundant differently colored regions with fuzzy boundaries. We convert these low‐blur intermediate images into blur‐free outputs consistent with viewer expectations using a discrete partitioning procedure guided by the characteristic properties of clip‐art images, observations about the antialiasing process, and human perception of anti‐aliased clip‐art. This step dramatically reduces the size of the output color palettes, and the region counts bringing them in line with viewer expectations and enabling the image processing applications we target. We demonstrate the utility of our method by using our outputs for a number of image processing tasks, and validate it via extensive comparisons to prior art. In our comparative study, participants preferred our deblurred outputs over those produced by the best‐performing alternative by a ratio of 75 to 8.5.
Optimization of Catalysts and Conditions in Gold(I) Catalysis—Counterion and Additive Effects (2021)

Gold catalysis has proven to be an important breakthrough for organic synthesis. The tunable nature of gold catalysts, the unique properties of gold, and the mild reaction conditions required in many gold-catalyzed reactions have all contributed substantially to this metal's popularity in catalysis. However, gold-catalyzed reactions still suffer from limitations such as low turnover numbers (TON). Optimization of the catalysts and reaction conditions may significantly improve the efficiency of gold-catalyzed reactions. In this review, we will present leading examples of counterion or additive-regulated gold catalysis from a mechanistic perspective. We will pay special attention to the physical properties of counterion/additive, such as gold affinity and hydrogen bond basicity, and discuss their effects on the reactivity of gold catalysts.
Endoscopic Management of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (2008)

GI Bleeding Team, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Reprint requests and correspondence: Louis M. Wong Kee Song, M.D., Mayo GI Bleeding Team, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Guarantor of the article: Louis M. Wong Kee Song, M.D. Specific author contributions: Dr. Wong Kee Song: manuscript preparation and drafting; Dr. Baron: critical review of manuscript. Financial support: None. Potential competing interests: None.
Monitoring of Lesion Induced by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Using Correlation Method Based on Block Matching (2012)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive therapeutic application that focuses ultrasound to the target tissue, such as a malignant tumor, and thermally coagulates it. Monitoring methods for evaluating the formation of thermal lesions induced by HIFU are required to perform safe and accurate HIFU treatment. However, the conventional ultrasonic B-mode image incurs difficulties in assessing the formation of HIFU-induced lesions. In this study, ultrasound RF signals were acquired during HIFU exposure. A correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the changes occurring in the RF signals backscattered from the thermal lesion. Also, a block matching algorithm has been implemented to compensate the tissue motion during HIFU exposure. The experimental results show that correlation coefficients in the focal spot decreased significantly with HIFU exposure, which indicates that the backscattered RF signals changed owing to tissue coagulation.
Nanoscale Mechanics of Ductile Interphases in Oxide Composites (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Change in Cervical Length After Prophylactic Cerclage (1999)

In Brief Objective To determine changes in length of incompetent cervices after cerclage, using transvaginal ultrasound. Methods Patients were enrolled in a prospective, observational study under an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol. McDonald or Shirodkar sutures were placed according to physician preference. Pre- and postcer-clage cervical lengths were measured within 72 hours of the procedure. At each examination, the first measurement was discarded, and a mean of the subsequent three measurements was calculated. Results Twenty-one Shirodkar and ten McDonald operations were done. The mean (± standard deviation) precerclage cervical length was 2.7 ± 0.9 cm and the postcerclage cervical length was 3.6 ± 0.9 cm (P < .001, paired t test). Conclusion Prophylactic cerclage results in measurable increases in cervical length, which might contribute to the success of the procedure. Further study is needed to determine whether the degree of cervical lengthening after cerclage predicts term delivery. Prophylactic cerclage results in measurable increases in cervical length.
The influence of pH, hydrolysis and degree of substitution on the temperature‐sensitive properties of polyaspartamides (2018)

Abstract Temperature‐sensitive polyaspartamide obtained by the aminolysis reaction of polysuccinimide with isopropylamine has been proposed as a good material for biomedical applications. The polymer is susceptible to hydrolysis producing carboxyl groups; thus the temperature‐sensitive behavior of the polymer depends on pH. A set of polyaspartamides was synthesized with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) and substitution (DS). The influence of DH, DS and pH on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polyaspartamides was studied. The LCST of the polyaspartamides increases as the pH increases and at the same pH the polymer with higher DH presents a higher LCST. Also, at the same pH an increment in the DS produces a decrease in the LCST. These tendencies are explained by the presence of a carboxylate group on the polyaspartamide structure. The behaviors can be tailored as functions of DS and DH enabling the use of temperature‐sensitive polyaspartamide in different biomedical applications where pH and/or temperature changes will trigger a drug delivery. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Induction of antitumor resistance to mouse leukemia L1210 by spergualins. (1986)

Spergualin and its analog, 15-deoxyspergualin showed a marked antitumor effect against L1210 by intraperitoneal and oral administrations. After treatment with these substances 40- or 60-day survivors (cured mice of L1210) were resistant to reinoculation of L1210 cells. They were resistant only to L1210. The antitumor effector cells in these mice were determined to be T cells. NK activity of spleen cells was also enhanced by spergualins. The antitumor activity of 15-deoxyspergualin was markedly reduced in immuno-deficient mice. IL (interleukin)-2 production, but not IL-1, was enhanced in supernatant of mixed lymphocyte cultures by treatment with 15-deoxyspergualin. The mechanism of action of 15-deoxyspergualin on the immune system was discussed.
Frame Synchronization Method for Distributed MIMO Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems (2016)

세계 주요 국가에서는 차세대 지상파 방송을 위해서 한정된 주파수 자원으로 전송량을 크게 높일 수 있는 MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output) 기술을 적용한 MIMO-OFDM 기반 지상파 방송 시스템의 개발 및 표준화를 활발하게 진행하고 있다. 특히, 공간상으로 떨어져 있는 송신 안테나를 사용하는 분산 다중 안테나 시스템에서는 각 안테나에서 전송한 신호가 수신 안테나로 다른 시간에 도착할 수 있고, 이와 같은 환경을 고려한 프레임 동기화 연구는 아직 활발하게 진행되지 않았다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 두 개의 분산 송신 안테나로부터 전송되는 신호가 수신 안테나로 시간 간격을 두고 도착할 때 각 신호의 도착 시간을 탐지하기 위해 널 심볼을 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 프리앰블 이전에 널 심볼을 삽입하게 되면 두 송신 안테나에서 전송하는 신호를 수신기에서 구별해낼 수 있기 때문에 각 프레임의 시작 지점을 찾을 수 있다. 500 샘플 이하의 수신 차이가 날 때는 기존의 방법보다 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다. World's leading countries are developing next generation digital broadcasting system specifications to support UHDTV (ultra-high definition television) contents and other various services. In order to maximize the transmission capacity by using the bandwidth efficiently, most broadcasting systems adopt MIMO-OFDM. In distributed-MIMO systems, multiple transmit antennas are spatially separated and therefore result in multiple timing offsets. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a technique using a null symbol to detect each individual signal from distributed transmit antennas. By inserting null symbols before preambles, the receiver can distinguish the signals between each transmit antennas and perform frame synchronization. When the reception time difference is shorter than 500 samples, the proposed method outperforms the conventional method.
Dual System Encryption Framework in Prime-Order Groups. (2015)

We propose a new generic framework for achieving fully secure attribute based encryption (ABE) in prime-order bilinear groups. It is generic in the sense that it can be applied to ABE for arbitrary predicate. All previously available frameworks that are generic in this sense are given only in composite-order bilinear groups, of which operations are known to be much less efficient than in prime-order ones for the same security level. These consist of the frameworks by Wee (TCC’14) and Attrapadung (Eurocrypt’14). Both provide abstractions of dual-system encryption techniques introduced by Waters (Crypto’09). Our framework can be considered as a prime-order version of Attrapadung’s framework and works in a similar manner: it relies on a main component called pair encodings, and it generically compiles any secure pair encoding scheme for a predicate in consideration to a fully secure ABE scheme for that predicate. One feature of our new compiler is that although the resulting ABE schemes will be newly defined in prime-order groups, we require essentially the same security notions of pair encodings as before. Beside the security of pair encodings, our framework assumes only the Matrix Diffie-Hellman assumption (Escala et al., Crypto’13), which is a
Ring−Chain Tautomerism of the Novel 2-Ferrocenyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazine (2005)

The synthesis and the study of the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties as well as the solution behavior of the novel 2-ferrocenyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazine (1a) are described. NMR studies reveal the existence of a tautomeric equilibria between the cyclic (1a) and the open-chain form (2a). Electrochemical studies based on cyclic voltametry and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy as well as a comparative study of the ring-chain tautomerism of 1a and that of 2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazine (3a) are also reported.
Near-field multilevel physical optics for fast analysis of multi-reflector antennas (2013)

The MultiLevel Physical Optics (MLPO) algorithm is extended for fast and accurate analysis of multi-reflector antennas. To that end, a near-field version of the MLPO algorithm for field propagation between reflectors is proposed and combined with the earlier developed generalized far-field MLPO. The computational complexity of the near-field MLPO is comparable to that of its far-field counterpart. The performance of the proposed method is studied on the example of RATAN-600 radio telescope antenna.
Coin recognition based on geometric features (2015)

In this study, it is aimed to count the total amount in an image of coins using machine vision methods. The extrinsic parameters of the camera whose intrinsic parameters are already known are estimated relative to the plane on which the coins lie. Textural details are removed from the image using bilateral filtering and circles are detected. Reciprocal points from the detected circles are back projected using the estimated pose. By calculating the metric diameters of the detected coins, the coins are recognized and counted.