gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of pull-off force on imprinted nanopatterns in an inert liquid (2010)

We report on the measurement of the pull-off force on nanoscale patterns that are formed by thermal nanoimprint lithography (t-NIL). Various patterns with feature sizes in the range of 50-900 nm were fabricated on silicon substrates using a rigiflex polymeric mold of ultraviolet curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA, Young's modulus approximately 1 GPa) or perfluoropolyether (PFPE, Young's modulus approximately 10.5 MPa) and a resist layer of polystyrene (PS) of three different molecular weights (M(w) = 18,100, 211,600 and 2043,000). The pull-off force was measured in non-polar, non-reactive perfluorodecalin (PFD) solvent between a sharp atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and an imprinted pattern. Our experimental data demonstrated that the measured pull-off forces were in good agreement with a simple adhesion model based on Lifshitz theory. Also, the force on the pressed region (valley) is higher than that on the cavity region (hill), with the ratio (hill/valley) decreasing with the decrease of pattern size and the increase of molecular weight. The confinement effects were more pronounced for smaller patterns (<300 nm) and higher molecular weights (M(w) = 211,600 and 2043,000) presumably due to sluggish movement of polymer chains into nano-cavities. Finally, the experimental observations were compared with molecular dynamic simulations based on a simplified amorphous polyethylene model.
A novel frequency synthesizer concept for wireless communications (2003)

Strict requirements for high spectral purity, high operating frequencies and fast switching speed together with the power consumption limitations make the frequency synthesizer design an extremely challenging task for wireless applications. In this paper, a combination of analog and digital synthesis techniques is discussed and analyzed. A low frequency tone generated digitally is upconverted to the final frequency range by means of I/Q mixing. Ideally, the use of I/Q processing eliminates the need for any sideband suppression filtering. In practical implementations, however, the amplitudes and phases of the I and Q branches can only be matched with finite relative accuracy, resulting in finite image tone attenuation. Apart from I/Q imbalance, another practical non-ideality is the leakage of the local oscillator signals to the I/Q mixer output ports, creating another undesired tone at the synthesizer output. A compensation structure based on digital predistortion of the low frequency signals is presented to enhance the signal quality. Furthermore, a simple and practical algorithm for updating the compensator coefficients is proposed based on minimizing the envelope variation of the synthesizer output signal. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed frequency synthesizer concept.
Functioning of traditional ceramics 12CaO·7Al2O3utilizing built-in nano-porous structure (2004)

This paper briefly reviews our approach to render active functions to micro porous crystal 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), which is known as a constituent of alumina cement, utilizing nano-space and topology of sub-nanometer-sized cages inherent to the crystal structure. Each cage with a positive charge is coordinated by 12 cages to form a three-dimensional structure. This structure is a similar to a close packing of sphere except that each opening wall of a cage is shared with a neighboring cage. Free oxygen ion O2– accommodates in 1/6 of the cages to reserve electro neutrality in the stoichiometric state. We replaced this free oxygen ion by other active anions such as O–,H–, and electron, aiming at emergence of novel function. C12A7:O– exhibited strong oxidation power enough to oxide Pt, and field-assisted thermionic O– emission to several μA levels, while conversion of insulator to persistent electronic conductor by illumination with ultraviolet radiation was discovered in C12A7:H– sample. Further, almost all of the free O2– ions in the cages were successfully replaced by electrons by a chemical treatment using metallic Ca. The resulting material, which has a composition [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e–) and a high conductivity, ∼ 100 S cm–1 at 300 K, is a first room-temperature stable electride, in which electrons work as anions. The present approach to novel function emergence by solely employing abundant oxide materials and fully utilizing nanostructure provides a way for material research for future to be done under severe circumstance of environment and resource.
Dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules: From building blocks to functional assemblies in nanoscience and nanotechnology (2003)

Abstract Given their size, in the single‐digit nanometer range, and the versatility of their functionality, dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules are poised to make a significant contribution to the rapidly expanding fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This highlight focuses on nascent applications of dendrimers that take advantage of their structural features and polyvalent character. In particular, the concept of dendritic encapsulation of function, borrowed from Nature, can be applied to the design of a varied array of energy‐harvesting, light‐emitting, or catalytic macromolecules. Similarly, the compact size and hierarchical ordering of components within dendrimers make them ideal for exploring the limits of nanolithography. Finally, the presence of differentiated functionalities and the polyvalent character of dendrons and dendrimers constitute strong assets for their use in polymer therapeutics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3713–3725, 2003
Temperature effects on charge retention characteristics of integrated SrBi2(Ta,Nb)2O9 capacitors (1997)

Temperature effects on charge retention characteristics of integrated SrBi2(Ta,Nb)2O9 thin film capacitors were examined in the temperature range of 27–150°C. The decay in remanent polarization at 27°C was linear in logarithmic time from 10−3 to 105 s with a decay rate of 0.24 μC/cm2 per decade. The elevation of storage temperature resulted in an instantaneous decrease in remanent polarization, while the decay rate at elevated temperatures after the instantaneous decrease was as small as that at 27°C. The instantaneous decrease in remanent polarization caused by elevating the temperature was explained by the temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization in the vicinity of the second order transition temperature. The development of asymmetry in the hysteresis loop during high temperature storing indicates that the logarithmic time dependence of the decay in remanent polarization is due to redistribution of space charges rather than polarization reversal.
Respiratory disease in United States farmers (2014)

These findings suggest that farmers and their spouses have lower risk for adult-onset respiratory diseases compared with the general population, and potentially higher respiratory irritation as evidenced by increased respiratory symptoms.
Field Study on Ash Behavior during Circulating Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Biomass. 2. Ash Deposition and Alkali Vapor Condensation (1998)

Fly ash deposition on heat-exchanger surfaces during fluidized-bed combustion of biomass causes operational problems such as reduced heat transfer and corrosion of superheater tubes. Ash deposition and alkali vapor condensation were studied during circulating fluidized-bed combustion of forest residue in a 35 MW co-generation plant. A 70 ± 10% amount of fly ash was deposited on the heat-exchanger surfaces in the convective back pass between soot-blowing periods. Practically all the largest ash particles (d > 10 μm) but only a small fraction of particles d < 3 μm were deposited. The deposition efficiency of particles with a given size was not correlated with their elemental composition. About 50% of alkali chloride vapors (KCl and NaCl) were condensed in the convective back pass on fine-mode particles (d < 0.6 μm) and the other 50% on the coarse-mode particles. Alkali chlorides were not effectively deposited since they were depleted in the largest (d > 10 μm) ash particles.
Vicinal Disulfide Constrained Cyclic Peptidomimetics: a Turn Mimetic Scaffold Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter (2013)

Peptid mit Schleifchen: Peptidschleifen-Mimetika des klinisch relevanten Norepinephrin-Wiederaufnahmehemmers wurden mithilfe einer Hochdurchsatz-Synthese entwickelt, bei der Peptidthioester zunächst erzeugt und anschließend unter nativer chemischer Ligation cyclisiert werden. Die abgebildeten cyclischen Disulfid-Peptidmimetika sind in Struktur und Funktion dem Stammpeptid sehr ähnlich, aber deutlich stoffwechselbeständiger. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Keyword programming for TouchDevelop (2013)

This video demo features a new keyword programming environment for TouchDevelop, a popular touch-centric system for scripting mobile devices. The new environment allows users to simply enter a set of keywords, and its internal program synthesis engine automatically generates script snippets that most likely reflect the users' intent. Because the synthesis engine can be triggered anywhere in a script, it also exploits various contextual information, such as which variables/functions are in-scope, to guide the generation of snippets. Our new environment benefit both novice and experienced TouchDevelop users. It helps novice users to synthesize script snippets from keywords and explore unfamiliar TouchDevelop features. It also improves experienced users' productivity because they need to worry about fewer coding details and enter less code. The demoed feature has been released and deployed since TouchDevelop version 2.10.
Identification of seven differentially displayed transcripts in human primary and matched metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: Implications in metastasis and/or radiation response (1997)

The patterns of differential gene expression were examined in two primary (A's) and two matched-metastatic (B's) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines by differential display of mRNAs and northern blot hybridisation. Three cell lines used (PCI-04A, PCI-04B and PCI-06A) were established independently prior to therapy, whereas one cell line (PCI-06B) was established from a recurrent tumor after radiation therapy. A total of seven differentially displayed mRNA clones were identified, of which six clones were obtained by comparison of PCI-06A cells with PCI-06B cells (SCC-S1a/b, SCC-1c, and SCC-S2, PCI-06B; SCC-S3 to SCC-S5, PCI-06A), and one clone was obtained from the PCI-04A and PCI-04B match (SCC-Sa, PCI-04B). Based on the DNA database search for homology to the known sequences, six of the seven partial cDNA clones (SCC-S1a/b, SCC-1c, SCC-S2 to SCC-S4, and SCC-Sa may represent novel genes, whereas one cDNA clone (SCC-S5) shows significant homology to the HLA class II antigen gene (DPW2 beta chain). Each of the seven clones revealed preferential expression by northern blotting in the cell line of origin as compared to the matched counterpart. The transcripts ranged in size from approximately 7.0 Kb to 0.5 Kb. Interestingly, the SCC-Sa clone was preferentially expressed in both metastatic cell lines compared to the primary tumour-derived cell lines. We conclude that the SCC-Sa gene may be more commonly involved in tumour metastasis, whereas expression of the other genes (SCC-S1a/b, SCC-S1c, SCC-S2-SCC-S5) may be associated with metastasis and/or response of HNSCC to ionising radiation.
Microstructure of Al-2.5Fe Binary Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2021)

In the present study, microstructural and crystallographic features of an Al-Fe binary alloy with a near eutectic composition (Al-2.5wt%Fe) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process were examined. The LPBF processing for the Al-Fe alloy powder was conducted at room temperature using a 3D Systems ProX 200 operating at a laser power of 204 W and a laser scan speed of 0.6 m/s and 0.8 m/s to fabricate cube samples with high relative density above 99 %. The fabricated sample exhibited characteristic microstructure consisting of a number of melt pools in which the regions had locally melted and rapidly solidified by laser irradiation during the LPBF process. Numerous fine particles of Al-Fe intermetallics with a mean size below 100 nm were found within the α-Al matrix in the observed melt pools, whereas relatively coarsened particles were localized around melt pool boundaries. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses revealed a number of columnar a-Al grains with a mean size of approximately 10 μm. The LPBF-fabricated Al-Fe alloy exhibits a high hardness of approximately 90 HV, which is more than twice higher than the conventionally casted Al-Fe alloy.
Ultra-high-performance cementitious composites with enhanced mechanical and durability characteristics (2021)

Abstract Concrete is the most widely used construction material. It offers a desirable balance of cost, strength, moisture barrier qualities, and dimensional and chemical stability. The rising costs of aging infrastructure systems, however, point to the need for further improvements in concrete properties. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) are predicted to have excellent mechanical properties, and so are attractive candidates for addressing these issues. However, the relatively high cost of CBNs, means that only low weight fractions in cement matrices will be economically viable, which presents a significant challenge. The research presented here investigated various surface functionalization techniques for improving the compatibility of carbon nanomaterials (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber and graphene nanoplatelets) with cementitious materials in fresh and hardened state. The effects of surface functionalization on the contributions of CBNs to the performance characteristics of ultra-high-performance cementitious matrices (UHPCM) were evaluated. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes at 0.03% weight fraction increased the flexural strength by 30%, doubled the energy absorption capacity, and tripled the ductility of UHPCM. The moisture barrier qualities, abrasion resistance and toughness characteristics of UHPCM benefited significantly from introduction of CBNs at less than 0.1% weight fraction. This study demonstrates that the low weight fraction of CBNs can effectively enhance the key engineering properties of UHPCM at a viable cost. Thus, this approach has both performance advantages and economic benefits. Article highlights Surface functionalization of multiwalled CNTs improved dispersion in cementitious matrices at low weight fractions. 0.03 wt.% multiwalled CNT addition increased the flexural strength and the flexural toughness of UHPCM. Abrasion resistance and moisture barrier qualities improved. These improvements are achieved at viable cost.
Impact of V/III flux ratio and Si-doping concentration on GaN grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition on sapphire substrate (2004)

The impact of growth regime on surface morphology, crystalline structural and electrical properties of n-type GaN using metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD), with intentional Si doping (SiH/sub 4/, 50.0 ppm) levels ranging from 2.5 sccm to 22.0 sccm (electron concentration varying from 1.46/spl times/10/sup 17/ to 1.07/spl times/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/) and V/III flux ratio from 1250 to 2800 (i.e. from Ga-rich regime to N-rich regime), are investigated. It has been found out that the V/III flux ratio affects the incorporation of Ga and N atoms into the film, and the screw dislocation generation. As for Si-incorporation, it increases the surface roughness and changes the edge dislocation generation. In this experiment, it shows clearly that those samples with V/III flux ratio of /spl sim/1500 which is close to the equilibrium condition exhibit the best properties.
Perceptibility of Non-sinusoidal Bands (2002)

A common type of image quality problem involves the presence of periodic light and dark bands on an image that is meant to be uniform. Much work has been done on measuring the perceptibility of sinusoidal and square-wave bands and it is known that the sensitivity to these two types of bands with the same periodicity could vary quite significantly. This is especially true when the periodicity of the banding is large. However, it is not clear how to evaluate banding of large periodicity that is neither sinusoidal nor square-wave.In this work, we report on a study investigating the perceptibility and objectionability of non-sinusoidal bands via psychophysical experiments. More specifically, we estimate the relative objectionability of sinusoidal bands and various types of non-sinusoidal bands. This will focus on bands with large periodicity, since the perceptibility of these bands varies the most depending on the &#x201C;shape&#x201D; of the band's profile. Our objectives are to assess the differ-ence in objectionability among various types of nonsinu-soidal bands and to apply the psychophysical data as a correction factor on the objectionability curve of sinusoidal bands.
Downlink Beamforming Throughput Maximization for Multi-Cell Environment in the Presence of the Channel Uncertainty (2009)

In this letter, an equivalent uplink problem formulation is developed in the multi-cell environment such that the downlink beamforming throughput is maximized under the assumption that base station (BS) can only use the estimated receive signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) of mobile station (MS) in computing beam vectors because of channel estimation error and delay feedback. Numerical results show that the proposed downlink beamforming throughput maximization offers noticeable improvement of 5% outage and average throughput over conventional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) beamforming in the presence of channel uncertainties whereas the performance degradation in the environment of the nominal channel uncertainty is significant compared to the case of no uncertainty.
Probing Ca2+-induced conformational change of calmodulin with gold nanoparticle-decorated single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2019)

Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical biosensors, with their nanoscale dimensions enabling the sensitive probing of biomolecular interactions. In this study, we compare field-effect transistors (FET) comprised of unsorted (un-) and semiconducting-enriched (sc-) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). un-SWCNTs have both metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs in the ensemble, while sc-SWCNTs have a >99.9% purity of semiconducting nanotubes. Both SWCNT FET devices were decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and were then employed in investigating the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-induced conformational change of calmodulin (CaM) - a vital process in calcium signal transduction in the human body. Different biosensing behavior was observed from FET characteristics of the two types of SWCNTs, with sc-SWCNT FET devices displaying better sensing performance with a dynamic range from 10<sup>-15</sup> M to 10<sup>-13</sup> M Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and a lower limit of detection at 10<sup>-15</sup> M Ca<sup>2+</sup>.
Signwalling: signals derived from arabiopsis cell wall activate specific resistance to pathogens (2014)

The cell wall is a dynamic structure that regulates both constitutive and inducible plant defence responses. Different molecules o DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) can be released from plant cell walls upon pathogen infection or wounding and can trigger immune responses. To further characterize the function of cell wall on the regulation of these immune responses, we have performed a biased resistance screening of putative/well-characterized primary/secondary Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall mutants (cwm). In this screening we have identified more than 20 cwm mutants with altered susceptibility/resistance to at least one of the following pathogens: the necrotrophic fungi Plectosphaerella cucumerina, the vascular bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and the powdery mildew fungus Erisyphe cruciferarum. We found that cell wall extracts from some of these cwm plants contain novel DAMPs that activate immune responses and conferred enhanced resistance to particular pathogens when they were applied to wild-type plants. Using glycomic profiling we have performed an initial characterization of the active carbohydrate structures present in these cwm wall fractions, and we have determined the signalling pathways regulated by thesse fractions. . The data generated with this collection of wall mutants support the existence of specific correlations between cell wall structure/composition, resistance to particular type of pathogens and plant fitness. Remarkably, we have identified specific cwm mutations that uncoupled resistance to pathogens from plant trade-offs, further indicating the plasticity of wall structures in the regulation of plant immune responses.
The Top Prescription Drugs of 2012 Globally: Biologics Dominate, But Small Molecule CNS Drugs Hold on to Top Spots (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.The Top Prescription Drugs of 2012 Globally: Biologics Dominate, But Small Molecule CNS Drugs Hold on to Top SpotsCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2013, 4, 6, 905–907Publication Date (Web):June 19, 2013Publication History Published online19 June 2013Published inissue 19 June 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cn400107yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cn400107yeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views6469Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (186 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals,Small molecules,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts