gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Evaluation of Novel 64Cu-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Bioconjugates for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2021)

We report herein the preclinical evaluation of new [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting tracers, employing the potent peptide antagonist <sub>D</sub>Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-VaI-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH<sub>2</sub> conjugated to NOTA (in <b>1</b>) or NODAGA (in <b>2</b>) chelators via a 6-aminohexanoic acid linker. The Cu-<b>1</b>/<b>2</b> metalated peptides were synthesized by reacting <b>1</b>/<b>2</b> with CuCl<sub>2</sub> and were characterized by LC-ESI-MS and HR-ESI-MS. Cu-<b>1</b>/<b>2</b> exhibited high GRPR-binding affinities with IC<sub>50</sub> values <3 nM, as measured in a competition assay using the GRPR-expressing human PC-3 prostate cancer cell line and [<sup>125</sup>I]I-Tyr<sup>4</sup>-BBN as the competing ligand. Tracers [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-<b>1</b>/<b>2</b> were prepared in quantitative radiochemical yield (by radio-HPLC), and their identities were confirmed by coelution with their Cu-<b>1</b>/<b>2</b> standards via comparative HPLC studies. Lipophilicity was measured in 1-octanol/PBS (pH 7.4), and the negative log <i>D</i><sub>7.4</sub> values (≤-1) confirmed the anticipated hydrophilic character for [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-<b>1</b>/<b>2</b>. Both tracers demonstrated excellent <i>in vitro</i> stability, with ≥98% remaining intact through 24 h at physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4, 37 °C). Biodistribution in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated good tumor uptake (%ID/g at 4 h: 4.34 ± 0.71 for [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-<b>1</b>, 3.92 ± 1.03 for [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-<b>2</b>) and rapid renal clearance (≥87% ID at 4 h). Tumor uptake was receptor-mediated, as verified by parallel GRPR-blocking studies. Small-animal PET/CT imaging studies validated the biodistribution data. These preclinical data support that the [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-<b>1</b>/<b>2</b> tracers show promise for further development as diagnostic PET imaging agents of GRPR-expressing tumors.
<title>Multiwave Analysis Of Reflection Gratings</title> (1981)

A new exact coupled-wave analysis is applied to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by longitudinally-periodic media (reflection gratings). The analysis is formulated in a simple state equation matrix form easily implemented on a digital computer. The relative intensities of the two waves, the diffracted (reflected) and transmitted waves, are calculated for a wide range of parameters. These exact results are then compared to results obtained with the approximate 1) two-wave modal analysis, 2) multiwave coupled-wave analysis, and 3) two-wave coupled-wave analyses. Exact calculations for even-order Bragg incidence (which can not be handled with approximate coupled-wave analyses) are included.
Cell non‐autonomous functions of homeoproteins in neuroprotection in the brain (2011)

Homeoproteins transcription factors can transfer between cells and play important roles in development. However, some of these homeoproteins are expressed in the adult, but their function is unknown. The loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons is the cause of Parkinson's disease. In mice lacking a functional allele for the Engrailed 1 homeoprotein, mDA neurons progressively die starting about 6 weeks after birth. Infusion of recombinant Engrailed stops the death of these neurons demonstrating that homeoproteins can be neuroprotective. This has been extended to retinal ganglion cell neurons (RGCs), which die in glaucoma and optic neuropathies. The homeoprotein Otx2 promotes the survival of injured adult RGCs both in vitro and in vivo. These examples raise the possibility that homeoproteins may provide neuroprotection to neurons vulnerable in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Selection decode-and-forward cooperative FSO systems with adaptive rate strategy over Gamma-Gamma fading channels (2014)

This paper analytically studies the performance of selection decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative free-space optical communication (FSO) systems, employing adaptive subcarrier quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) and taking into account the fading effect caused by atmospheric turbulence. Closed-form expressions of outage probability, spectral efficiency and bit-error rate (BER) are derived, using a novel accurate series approximation method. Numerical results highlight the improvement of the proposed system compared with all-active relaying and non-adaptive FSO systems. The validity of the analytical method is also confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in heat-treated human plasma. (1987)

In this simple, sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (hANP) in human plasma, nonspecific interference is minimized by deproteinizing the plasma by heat treatment at 85 degrees C for 10 min. We directly measure alpha-hANP in the supernates by RIA, with use of antiserum that recognizes the N-terminal region of alpha-hANP. The minimal detectable value was 0.4 pg per tube. The intra-assay CV was 6.6% (n = 8). The mean concentration of hANP in plasma of 54 healthy volunteers was 41 (SD 29) ng/L. Concentrations of hANP in plasma increased after saline infusion and high salt intake for one week in patients with essential hypertension. High concentrations were also measured in patients with renal failure and congestive heart failure. This method, which requires no extraction or purification with column chromatography, is especially useful for simultaneous measurement of several samples.
Chemoproteomic methods for covalent drug discovery (2021)

Covalent drugs constitute cornerstones of modern medicine. The past decade has witnessed growing enthusiasm for development of covalent inhibitors, fueled by clinical successes as well as advances in analytical techniques associated with the drug discovery pipeline. Among these, mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomic methods stand out due to their broad applicability from focused analysis of electrophile-containing compounds to surveying proteome-wide inhibitor targets. Here, we review applications of both foundational and cutting-edge chemoproteomic techniques across target identification, hit discovery, and lead characterization/optimization in covalent drug discovery. We focus on the practical aspects necessary for the general drug discovery scientist to design, interpret, and evaluate chemoproteomic experiments. We also present three case studies on clinical stage molecules to further showcase the real world significance and future opportunities of these methodologies.
Biochemical properties of SV40 large tumor antigen as a glycosylated protein. (1988)

The large tumor antigen (T-ag) of SV40 is a virus-encoded polypeptide that provides multiple biological activities required for virus replication and cellular transformation. T-ag is an exceptional model for the study of protein processing, because it displays a variety of chemical modifications and an unusual dual subcellular distribution. The cellular mechanisms responsible for the synthesis and processing of T-ag are unknown. With respect to glycosylation, this has been related to a lack of knowledge of the biochemical properties of T-ag as a glycoprotein. Several such properties are characterized here. We found that T-ag is glycosylated at multiple sites on the polypeptide chain. The oligosaccharides appear to belong to a single size class, molecular weight approximately 400, and the linkage between the polypeptide and the carbohydrate side chain is sensitive to beta-elimination under mild alkaline conditions. At least one glycosylation site was localized to the region between amino acids 1 and 272 (probably between residues 83 and 272), and at least one additional site was localized to a separate region, between amino acids 523 and 708. The results of cycloheximide experiments suggested that glycosylation of T-ag is a cotranslational event, and both the nuclear and the membrane-associated forms of T-ag appeared to be glycosylated. The results of these studies verify previous conclusions that the cellular secretory pathway is not involved in the glycosylation of T-ag; instead, a cytoplasmic mechanism might be involved.
Computer-generated holographic diffractive structures fabricated by direct excimer laser microetching (1995)

Excimer laser microetching is applied on various substrate materials, including metals, metal alloys, semiconductors, and polymers, of arbitrary geometrical shape for fabricating surface-relief optical microstructures with very fine features (micron width/micron depth, or less). Particularly good results have been obtained with hardened photoresist, lithium niobate crystals, and stainless steel. The method is based on selective laser ablative etching achieved by projecting a mask, on a reduction basis, onto the substrate material. In addition to simple rectangular metal masks, computer generated holographic mask patterns were used. These hologram masters were optically plotted on photoresist, and then wet etched to produce chrome-on-quartz masks. A consecutive step-and-repeat method was used to replicate the mask on the substrate. Several types of surface relief holograms were directly etched on various materials. One class of holograms upon reconstruction produces an 8 X 8 square optical interconnect array. Another type reproduces a specific design pattern consisting of characters and numbers. Full automation of the microetching process in conjunction with a raster scanning method allows the fabrication of arbitrary pixellated multilevel micro-patterns. The direct nature of the etching technique appears to be very attractive since it eliminates the need for substrate material pre- or post-processing and can be applied to almost any solid material.
Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs (2013)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause enterically-transmitted hepatitis in humans. The zoonotic nature of Hepatitis E infections has been established in industrialized areas and domestic pigs are considered as the main reservoir. The dynamics of transmission in pig herds therefore needs to be understood to reduce the prevalence of viremic pigs at slaughter and prevent contaminated pig products from entering the food chain. An experimental trial was carried out to study the main characteristics of HEV transmission between orally inoculated pigs and naïve animals. A mathematical model was used to investigate three transmission routes, namely direct contact between pigs and two environmental components to represent within-and between-group oro-fecal transmission. A large inter-individual variability was observed in response to infection with an average latent period lasting 6.9 days (5.8; 7.9) in inoculated animals and an average infectious period of 9.7 days (8.2; 11.2). Our results show that direct transmission alone, with a partial reproduction number of 1.41 (0.21; 3.02), can be considered as a factor of persistence of infection within a population. However, the quantity of virus present in the environment was found to play an essential role in the transmission process strongly influencing the probability of infection with a within pen transmission rate estimated to 2 · 10(-6)g ge(-1)d(-1)(1 · 10(-7); 7 · 10(-6)). Between-pen environmental transmission occurred to a lesser extent (transmission rate: 7 · 10(-8)g ge(-1) d(-1)(5 · 10(-9); 3 · 10(-7)) but could further generate a within-group process. The combination of these transmission routes could explain the persistence and high prevalence of HEV in pig populations.
Cytoskeletal alterations as a parameter for assessment of toxicity (1988)

1. Some environmental substances, drugs and pollutants affect the growth of cultured cells, and produce cytoskeletal alterations. 2. These have been used as parameters for toxicity assessment of cholera toxin and pertussis toxin in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. 3. Cholera toxin stabilized microtubules and had no effect on microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 4. Pertussis toxin affected microfilaments but appeared to have no effect on microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Antenna applicator concepts using diffraction phenomena for direct visualization of brain hemorrhages (2016)

Direct use of diffraction phenomena at an irregularity in a lossy object such as a head is described. The source is an external magnetic field directed into the skull, creating a circulating current inside the object by which surface waves are avoided. The receiving E-field probe is a 3D resonant structure being selectively sensitive to the desired deflected electric field component from the surface.
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF (Sr0.8Pb0.2)TiO3-MgO COMPOSITES AT LOW AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES (2008)

ABSTRACT (Sr0.8Pb0.2)TiO3-MgO (50:50 by weight) composites are fabricated and their dielectric properties are investigated at room temperature in the frequency range between 10 kHz and 26 GHz. Relative dielectric constant is ∼116. tan δ at 10 kHz is 0.0005 or less than 0.0005, but tan δ at higher frequencies increases to 0.006 at 4 GHz and 0.04 between 18 GHz and 26 GHz. The resonant methods show constant Q × f (Q: 1/tan δ, f: Frequency) ∼700 GHz in the frequency range of 2.5 GHz to 7 GHz, but the waveguide technique shows different values because of low accuracy in measuring tan δ. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Partial financial supports were provided by DARPA under contract No. DABT 63-98-1-002. One of the authors (Y. S.) would like to express gratitude to Dr. K. Z. Rajab for the help of high frequency property measurements and Ms. D. A. Baumgardner for her help. Notes ∗S11 was measured at 23°C, but the others were measured at 25°C. ∗S5-a, b. c were measured at 23°C, but the others were measured at 25°C.
Retroviral Reverse Transcription and Integration: Progress and Problems (1992)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Figure S5 from Oncogenic Transformation Drives DNA Methylation Loss and Transcriptional Activation at Transposable Element Loci (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 5&lt;/p&gt;
Chemical-Looping Combustion with Fuel Oil in a 10 kW Pilot Plant (2014)

A fuel reactor with a fuel-injection system for liquid fuels was designed and built for a chemical-looping reactor system with the nominal fuel input of 10 kWth. The gas velocities in the riser section and at the gas-distribution nozzles of this unit are comparable to those of industrial circulating fluidized-bed boilers. Proof-of-concept experiments were performed with a calcium manganite-based oxygen carrier and a fuel oil with low sulfur content. Fuel conversion was high but not complete, and most of the fuel carbon was converted to CO2 in the fuel reactor. Long-term experiments were performed using an ilmenite oxygen-carrier. The oxygen carrier was exposed to fluidization at hot conditions (more than 600 °C) for about 204 h, out of which fuel was injected during a total of 66.6 h. The parameters temperature, fuel flow, steam flow in the fuel reactor, fluidization medium in the fuel reactor, and air flow in the air reactor were varied to observe trends in fuel conversion. Most of the experiments were carried out with a fuel flow corresponding to 4 kWth and an oxygen carrier-to-fuel ratio of about 2100 kg/MWth. At 1050 °C the fuel could be oxidized to about 87%, and up to 88% of all carbon leaving the fuel reactor was in the form of CO2. No defluidization or agglomeration problems were experienced over the course of the experimental campaign.
Scaling-down lithographic dimensions with block-copolymer materials: 10nmsized features with PS-b-PMMA (2013)

International audience
3D Mesh Compression (2015)

3D meshes are commonly used to represent virtual surface and volumes. However, their raw data representations take a large amount of space. Hence, 3D mesh compression has been an active research topic since the mid 1990s. In 2005, two very good review articles describing the pioneering works were published. Yet, new technologies have emerged since then. In this article, we summarize the early works and put the focus on these novel approaches. We classify and describe the algorithms, evaluate their performance, and provide synthetic comparisons. We also outline the emerging trends for future research.
Fatal necrotizing pneumonia caused by group A streptococcus (2004)

Abstract: Group A streptococcus (GAS) causes invasive, non‐invasive and non‐suppurative diseases. Pneumonia is one of the invasive infections caused by GAS. Although GAS is a significant and serious cause of childhood pneumonia, it is often overlooked clinically. Similarly, the recent literature is surprisingly scant on reports of GAS pneumonia and concentrates mainly on varicella‐associated invasive GAS diseases. In this case report, we present a previously healthy 7‐year‐old child with community‐acquired pneumonia that progressed rapidly and resulted in sepsis, respiratory failure and death. In both blood and pleural fluid cultures, Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated. On autopsy, macroscopic examination revealed that the lung tissue appeared to have lost its normal architecture. Necrosis was present and the lung had a spongy appearance with some solid areas. The light microscopy revealed massive oedema, haemorrhages, intense inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis. This case report highlights the need for consideration of invasive GAS infection in the event of severe, rapidly progressing pneumonia in children.
Impact of Double Rayleigh backscattering in Discrete Fiber Raman amplifiers employing Highly Nonlinear Fiber (2002)

The feasibility of discrete Raman amplifiers employing HNLF (HNLFAs) has been examined by evaluating the DRBS characteristics. The HNLFA with the DRBS crosstalk of less than 35dB is demonstrated employing the optimized configuration.
Optimized Preservation of CNS Morphology for the Identification of Glycogen in the Pompe Mouse Model (2007)

Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II) is a rare lysosomal disorder caused by a mutational deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). This deficiency leads to glycogen accumulation in multiple tissues: heart, skeletal muscles, and the central nervous system. A knockout mouse model mimicking the human condition has been used for histological evaluation. Currently, the best method for preserving glycogen in Pompe samples uses epon-araldite resin. Although the preservation by this method is excellent, the size of the tissue is limited to 1 mm(3). To accurately evaluate brain pathology in the Pompe mouse model, a modified glycol methacrylate (JB-4 Plus) method was developed. This approach allowed the production of larger tissue sections encompassing an entire mouse hemisphere (8 x 15 mm) while also providing a high level of morphological detail and preservation of glycogen. Application of the JB-4 Plus method is appropriate when a high level of cellular detail is desired. A modified paraffin method was also developed for use when rapid processing of multiple samples is a priority. Traditional paraffin processing results in glycogen loss. The modified paraffin method with periodic acid postfixation resulted in improved tissue morphology and glycogen preservation. Both techniques provide accurate anatomic evaluation of the glycogen distribution in Pompe mouse brain.
Reusable Stamps for Printing Sub‐100 nm Patterns of Functional Nanoparticles (2012)

The production of reusable stamps for the creation of high-resolution patterns of functional nanoparticles is demonstrated. A patterned stamp is cleaned by removing nanoparticles in the recessed regions of the stamp, using a UV-curable adhesive, before moving on to the next cycle of printing with the stamp. A high-resolution patterning technique using rigid stamps with a low surface energy and the repeated use of the reusable stamps for defining sub-100 nm scale features is demonstrated. Color patterning has also been performed using just one color per stamp, then by the use of one stamp for multiple colors. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Measuring Haitian children's exposure to chikungunya, dengue and malaria (2016)

Serological evidence indicates that there had been a rapid and intense dissemination of chikungunya virus in Haiti. The multiplex bead assay appears to be an appropriate serological platform to monitor the seroprevalence of multiple pathogens simultaneously.
On using artificial neural network models for a thermodynamically-balanced humidification-dehumidification system: Design and rating analysis (2023)

This research focuses on rating and sizing a thermodynamically-balanced humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system with zero, single, and double extractions of humid air from the humidifier to the dehumidifier. In order to implement thermodynamic balancing appropriately, optimal thermal design is essential to be estimated via a reliable and straightforward model. Thus, this study suggests an artificial neural network to predict the system performance and size parameters. The artificial neural network is trained, tested, and validated using a rich data set created to cover possible operating ranges. The considered performance parameters are gained output ratio, water-to-air mass flow rate ratio, recovery ratio, seawater and air temperatures, energy effectiveness, and critical enthalpy pinch, and the design parameters involve humidifier volume and dehumidifier area. Four inputs are used: seawater inlet temperature, heating temperature, enthalpy pinch, and extractions count. The developed model works best for inlet temperature, heating temperature, enthalpy pinch, and extractions count within 20 – 40 °C, 60 – 80 °C, 1 – critical enthalpy pinch in kJ kgd-1, and 0 – 2 extractions, respectively. The results indicate that the developed artificial neural network has high accuracy in predicting the performance and design parameters, demonstrating minimum accuracy of 98.3%, 96.4%, and 98.9% for zero, single, and double extractions, respectively. Furthermore, the generated neural network is validated against numerical and experimental data from the literature, showing a maximum discrepancy percentage of less than 4%. Thus, the neural network provided by this study is helpful for HDH desalination engineers, designers, researchers, and scientists.