gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective redundancy-based design techniques for the minimization of local delay variations (2010)

In this paper a novel approach to optimize digital integrated circuits yield with regards to speed and area/power for aggressive scaling technologies is presented. The technique is intended to reduce the effects of intra-die variations using redundancy applied only on critical parts of the circuit. The inherent property of the technique is that the improvement in the maximum frequency the circuit can run is higher for the larger variations. The work shows that the technique can be already applied for 65nm CMOS technology process where a beneficial delay vs. area/power tradeoff can be made. However, a significant benefit is expected for future nanoscale CMOS technologies such as 45nm and 32nm nodes and in low-voltage applications.
Performance of Oxidation and Creep Resistant Alloys for Primary Surface Recuperators for the Mercury 50 Gas Turbine (2005)

Recuperation is a means for increasing the efficiency of a simple-cycle gas turbine, allowing for heat transfer between the exhaust and compressor discharge gas streams to occur in a highly efficient, relatively compact package. The primary surface recuperator operates at high temperatures and gas pressures and is constructed from thin metal sections, presenting challenges for high temperature materials selection. This paper discusses a joint Solar Turbines-ATI Allegheny Ludlum project which was undertaken to address the issue of elevated temperature attack in the presence of high levels of water vapor and its relevance to alloys intended for use in primary surface recuperators. An overview of the alloy selection process will be presented, followed by a detailed study of the two most promising alloy candidates. Breakaway oxidation was mitigated by using alloys with higher nickel and chromium content, and oxide scale evaporation was controlled with selected minor element additions.
Determination of coupling coefficient of DFB lasers by a newly proposed method (1987)

A new method of estimating the coupling coefficient of DFB lasers is proposed. A sub/main-mode spectral intensity ratio below the threshold current is employed in this method, instead of the stop-bandwidth used in the conventional method. It is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the new method is capable of more accurate determination of the coupling coefficient of DFB lasers with phase-shifted corrugations.
Optimum open eye equalizer design for non-minimum phase channels (2002)

This paper contains results on the design of optimum equalizers to eliminate intersymbol interference in linear non-minimum phase channels conveying binary signals. The optimization is with respect to an open eye condition with a given delay. For causal stable channels with non-minimum phase zeros, we argue that this problem requires only the consideration of the FIR modified channel that has all the non-minimum phase zeros of the original channel. We show that if this modified channel can be equalized to yield an equalized system that is open eye with a specified delay, then the optimizing equalizer is, in fact FIR with all zeros outside the unit circle, and the impulse response of the equalised channel does not extend beyond the delay. We also give a simple necessary and sufficient condition to determine if for a particular delay, a given channel can be equalized to achieve an equalized response that is open eye.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of AlPO4 and SAPO Molecular Sieves by 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy. (1988)

Abstract The 129Xe chemical shift observed in the spectra of AlPO 4 ‐n and SAPO‐n molecular sieves moves downfield with decreasing channel and cavity size and decreasing P content in the framework.
Comparative assessment of H.265/MPEG-HEVC, VP9, and H.264/MPEG-AVC encoders for low-delay video applications (2014)

The popularity of low-delay video applications dramatically increased over the last years due to a rising demand for realtime video content (such as video conferencing or video surveillance), and also due to the increasing availability of relatively inexpensive heterogeneous devices (such as smartphones and tablets). To this end, this work presents a comparative assessment of the two latest video coding standards: H.265/MPEG-HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding), H.264/MPEG-AVC (Advanced Video Coding), and also of the VP9 proprietary video coding scheme. For evaluating H.264/MPEG-AVC, an open-source x264 encoder was selected, which has a multi-pass encoding mode, similarly to VP9. According to experimental results, which were obtained by using similar low-delay configurations for all three examined representative encoders, it was observed that H.265/MPEG-HEVC provides significant average bit-rate savings of <i>32.5%</i>, and <i>40.8%</i>, relative to VP9 and x264 for the <i>1-pass</i> encoding, and average bit-rate savings of <i>32.6%</i>, and <i>42.2%</i> for the <i>2-pass</i> encoding, respectively. On the other hand, compared to the x264 encoder, typical low-delay encoding times of the VP9 encoder, are about <i>2,000</i> times higher for the <i>1-pass</i> encoding, and are about <i>400</i> times higher for the <i>2-pass</i> encoding.
Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications (2020)

Due to its properties, such as biodegradability, low density, excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanics, spider silk has been used as a natural biomaterial for a myriad of applications. First clinical applications of spider silk as suture material go back to the 18th century. Nowadays, since natural production using spiders is limited due to problems with farming spiders, recombinant production of spider silk proteins seems to be the best way to produce material in sufficient quantities. The availability of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins, as well as their good processability has opened the path towards modern biomedical applications. Here, we highlight the research on spider silk-based materials in the field of tissue engineering and summarize various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds made of spider silk. Finally, different applications of spider silk-based materials are reviewed in the field of tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo.
Photocatalytic H2 production from H2S with new MoS2/ZnS photocatalysts; comparison with TiO2. (2013)

International @ EAU+GBE:PAF:EPU:DLO
Preparation of selectively protected derivatives of 21-nor-5-pregnene-3β,20-diol (1990)

The preparation of selectively protected derivatives of the title diol ( III ) is described. Derivatives with protected hydroxyl in position 3 ( IV, V and VI ) were obtained by p -toluenesulfonic acid-catalyzed reaction of etienic acid ( I ) with dihydropyran, ethyl vinyl ether and methyl vinyl ether, respectively, and subsequent hydride reduction. The protection of the free primary hydroxyl in these compounds and the subsequent removal of the acetal protecting group in position 3 represents a suitable approach to 20-protected derivatives. The relative rates of cleavage of the acetal protecting groups and reaction conditions are discussed.
The Compromised Anti-microbial Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diabetic Patients (2017)

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Diabetic foot infection (DFI), including skin infection and osteomyelitis, is a severe complication of late- stage diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate bacterial clearance. In bacterial infection, MSCs, via paracrine mediators, regulate the host cell metabolism and inflammatory response. Particularly, MSCs augment the antibacterial function of neutrophils. It is generally believed that hyperglycemia in diabetes is toxic to MSCs/progenitors and detrimental to their regenerative function. It is unknown, however, whether the antibacterial function of MSCs is compromised in diabetes. Methods: Bone marrow samples from 6 diabetic and 4 non-diabetic patients (approved by IRB) were used for MSC isolation. 1. MSCs from both diabetic and non-diabetic patients were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a bacterial wall component, for 6 hours. The tissue culture media were collected as conditioned medium. E. coli from a single colony were cultured with addition of the conditioned medium generated by either diabetic or non-diabetic MSCs and inoculated on LB-agar plates overnight. Bacterial colonies were counted. 2. Human macrophages were isolated from umbilical cord blood and co-cultured with either diabetic or non-diabetic MSCs, in a trans-well system, for 24 hours. The macrophages were then cultured with heat-inactivated E. coli for one hour. After extensive washing, macrophage and bacteria were stained with Pappenheim method. Bacterial phagocytosis of macrophages, after co- cultured with diabetic or non-diabetic MSCs, was assessed under a microscope. Results: There was no statistical difference in the number of E. coli colonies when regular medium produced by diabetic and non- diabetic MSCs was added into the bacterial culture. When the diabetic and non-diabetic MSCs were treated with LPS and the conditioned medium was collected and added into bacterial cultures, E. coli colonies increased in the diabetic group, about 3 fold, as compared with the non-diabetic group (p &lt; 0.05). Macrophages were counted in defined areas of the Petri dishes and designated as infected or uninfected, according to the presentation of bacterial bodies or not. While the infection rate of macrophages co-cultured with non-diabetic MSCs was 85% (±5.5%), it was 70% (±6.6%) when macrophages were co-cultured with diabetic MSCs (p = 0.006). Conclusion: MSCs-produced paracrine factors suppressed the growth of E. coli but diabetic and non-diabetic MSCs had no difference in such a function. Activation with LPS did not augment the non-diabetic MSCs but weakened diabetic MSCs in suppression of bacterial growth. MSCs regulate macrophages in bacterial phagocytosis. Diabetic MSCs, however, had a limited role in regulation of macrophages. This study demonstrated that MSCs in diabetic patients are compromised in anti-bacterial infection. The results not only deepen the understanding of bacterial infection in diabetes but also open up new strategy to control bacterial infection in diabetic patients.
Performance of forward link broadband OFCDM packet wireless access using MMSE combining scheme based on SIR estimation (2003)

This paper proposes a pilot channel assisted minimum mean square error (MMSE) combining scheme in orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) based on actual signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) estimation and investigates the throughput performance in a broadband channel with a near 100-MHz bandwidth. In the proposed MMSE combining scheme, the combining weight of each sub-carrier component is accurately estimated from the channel gain, noise power, and transmission power ratio of all the code-multiplexed channels to the desired one, by exploiting the time-multiplexed common pilot channel in addition. to the coded data channel. Simulation results elucidate that the required average received signal energy per bit-to-noise spectrum density ratio (E/sub b//N/sub 0/) for the average packet error rate (PER)=10/sup -2/ is improved by 0.6 and 1.2 dB by using the proposed MMSE combining Instead-of the conventional equal gain combining (EGC) in a 24-path Rayleigh fading channel (exponential decay path model, maximum delay time is approximately 1 /spl mu/sec) in an isolated cell environment, when the number of multiplexed codes = 8 and 32, respectively, with the spreading factor of 32. Furthermore, when the average received E/sub b//N/sub 0/=10 dB, the achievable throughput, i.e., the number of simultaneously multiplexed codes for the average PER=10/sup -2/ in the proposed MMSE combining, is increased by approximately 1.3 fold that of the conventional EGC.
Incorporation of Nanoparticles into Polymersomes: Size and Concentration Effects (2012)

Because of the rapidly growing field of nanoparticles in therapeutic applications, understanding and controlling the interaction between nanoparticles and membranes is of great importance. While a membrane is exposed to nanoparticles its behavior is mediated by both their biological and physical properties. Constant interplay of these biological and physicochemical factors makes selective studies of nanoparticles uptake demanding. Artificial model membranes can serve as a platform to investigate physical parameters of the process in the absence of any biofunctional molecules and/or supplementary energy. Here we report on photon- and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopic studies of the uptake of nanosized SiO(2) nanoparticles by poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) vesicles allowing species selectivity. Analogous to the cell membrane, polymeric membrane incorporates particles using membrane fission and particles wrapping as suggested by cryo-TEM imaging. It is revealed that the incorporation process can be controlled to a significant extent by changing nanoparticles size and concentration. Conditions for nanoparticle uptake and controlled filling of polymersomes are presented.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Astrocytic Senescence and Ameliorates Senescence Paracrine Effects on Glioblastoma (2017)

Senescent astrocytes in aging brain express senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and link with increased brain aging and its related diseases. In order to determine whether ginsenosides ameliorate the astrocytic senescence in vitro, human astrocytic CRT cells and primary rat astrocytes were used in the present study. Ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rg3 (5 μg/mL) could effectively prevent the astrocytic senescence induced by H₂O₂ exposure. However, these ginsenosides did not reverse the astrocytic senescence. Importantly, senescent astrocytes herein produce SASP. The expression of major components of SASP, IL-6 and IL-8, are greatly increased in senescent astrocytes. Ginsenoside Rg3 (10 μg/mL) effectively suppressed the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8, which is associated with regulations of NF-κB and p38MAPK activation. In addition, after incubation with Rg3, conditioned medium from senescent astrocytic CRT cells significantly decreased the ability to promote the proliferation of astrocytoma U373-MG, U87-MG and U251-MG cells compared with non-treated senescent samples. Similar patterns were confirmed in chemotherapy-induced glioblastoma senescent cells. The present study explored a potential candidate for amelioration of astrocytic senescence and SASP in brain aging, which provided a basis for developing strategies to reduce the dark side of senescence in normal or pathological aging process.
DEVELOPMENT OF A 7.62-M LONG SPAN GUARDRAIL SYSTEM (1999)

A 7.62-m long span guardrail system was developed for use over low-fill culverts. The long span design was constructed with two 2.66-mm (12-gauge) thick nested W-beam rails totaling 30.48 m in length. The nested W-beam rail was supported by sixteen W150x13.5 steel posts and six standard CRT posts, each measuring 1,830-mm long. Post spacings were 1,905-mm on center except for the 7.62-m spacing between the two CRT posts surrounding the unsupported span. The research study included computer simulation modeling with BARRIER VII and full-scale vehicle crash testing, using 1,999-kg pickup trucks. The first test, impacting at a speed of 101.3 km/hr and an angle of 25.4 degrees, was unsuccessful because the barrier system failed at the simulated Breakaway Cable Terminal (BCT) anchorage end. Consequently, the long-span barrier system was modified to include additional guardrail posts and new BCT anchorage hardware. The second test, impacting at a speed of 102.7 km/hr and an angle of 24.5 degrees, was unsuccessful due to vehicle rollover. The safety performance of the long-span barrier system was determined to be unacceptable according the Test Level 3 (TL-3) evaluation criteria specified in NCHRP Report No. 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features (1993).
Labeling Stem Cells with a New Hybrid Bismuth/Carbon Nanotube Contrast Agent for X-Ray Imaging (2019)

The poor retention and survival of cells after transplantation to solid tissue represent a major obstacle for the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapies. The ability to track stem cells <i>in vivo</i> can lead to a better understanding of the biodistribution of transplanted cells, in addition to improving the analysis of stem cell therapies' outcomes. Here, we described the use of a carbon nanotube-based contrast agent (CA) for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging as an intracellular CA to label bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Porcine MSCs were labeled without observed cytotoxicity. The CA consists of a hybrid material containing ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotubes (20-80 nm in length, US-tubes) and Bi(III) oxo-salicylate clusters which contain four Bi<sup>3+</sup> ions per cluster (Bi<sub>4</sub>C). The CA is thus abbreviated as Bi<sub>4</sub>C@US-tubes.
Direct insight into insulin aggregation by 2D NMR complemented by PFGSE NMR (2008)

The aggregation of Zn(II)-bound and zinc-free human insulin was studied in solution using the H(beta)-CH(3) crosspeaks of threonine residues in 2D COSY, TOCSY, and NOESY NMR spectra which allow viewing of the oligomers in equilibrium. This is complemented by PFGSE measurements of the translational diffusion coefficient, D(i), used for monitoring the changes in equilibrium composition of aggregates on dilution of both insulins in physiological medium. The back calculation of the dilution isotherm allows establishing the association constants for oligomeric equilibria in solution and discussion of the models of association.
LTE-Advanced enhancements for self-backhauled LTE-U small cells: An Addis Ababa case study (2015)

The heterogeneous deployment of high-power macro cells and low-power small cells is expected to become the most common approach for operators to meet the increasing demand for capacity in high traffic areas, such as, dense urban hotspots. Furthermore, the recent proposals for operating Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks in the unlicensed spectrum bands (LTE-U) is being considered as an approach for providing additional spectrum for dense small cell deployments. However, the implementation of affordable and flexible small cell backhaul links remains challenging. To that end, self-backhauling the small cells via the existing macro cells as interesting approach, but has limited capacity compared to traditional dedicated backhaul links. In this paper, we investigate possible performance enhancements through the use of LTE-Advanced enhancements, specifically: coordinated multipoint and carrier aggregation (CA), to relax the downlink backhaul capacity bottleneck for self-backhauled LTE-U small cells. We study this proposed approach through system simulations of a selected realistic deployment scenario in a busy area of Addis Ababa. The results of the simulation campaign demonstrate that deployment of self-backhauled LTE-U small cells in dense urban hotspots can provide notable throughput gains, particularly for the case CA enhancements in the small cell backhaul links.
Comprehensive Assignments of1H- and13C-NMR Signals of End-Functional Polyisobutylenes Using Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times and 2D1H-13C Hetcor Spectroscopy (1995)

Abstract The analysis of 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1′s) provides a direct method for the assignment of 13C-NMR signals of the end groups of polymers. The 13C T 1′s of polyisobutylenes bearing tert-butyl, tert-chloride, exo-olefin, alcohol, aldehyde, and acetal end groups have been determined, and all the signals in their 13C-NMR spectra were assigned according to the gradient of T 1 along the polymer chain with the minimum in the middle. The assignments are in excellent agreement with those established by other techniques, which indicates the reliability of this novel method for the characterization of various end groups in polyisobutylenes. 13C T 1 analysis has also been used to obtain assignments for internal polyisobutylene segments adjacent to aromatic initiator residues. The method provides insight into the interaction of hydroxyl end groups of alcohol-capped PIBs, and allows identification of the low molecular weight impurities in the polymers. Assignments of all the 1H-NMR signals of the above polyisobutylenes were obtained by 2D 1H-13C HETCOR spectroscopy. For some polymers, 1H-NMR signals were also assigned based on their 1H T 1 values and the assignments agree with those generated by HETCOR spectroscopy.
Genetic Programming with Adaptive Representations (1994)

Machine learning aims towards the acquisition of knowledge based on either experience from the interaction with the external environment or by analyzing the internal problem-solving traces. Both approaches can be implemented in the Genetic Programming (GP) paradigm. [Hillis, 1990] proves in an ingenious way how the first approach can work. There have not been any significant tests to prove that GP can take advantage of its own search traces. This paper presents an approach to automatic discovery of functions in GP based on the ideas of discovery of useful building blocks by analyzing the evolution trace, generalizing of blocks to define new functions and finally adapting of the problem representation onthe -fly. Adaptation of the representation determines a hierarchical organization of the extended function set which enables a restructuring of the search space so that solutions can be found more easily. Complexity measures of solution trees are defined for an adaptive representation fr...
Characterization of a Prostate- and Prostate Cancer-Specific Circular RNA Encoded by the Androgen Receptor Gene (2019)

The linear mRNAs transcribed under alternative RNA splicing and overexpression/amplification of the androgen receptor (AR) gene are poor prognostic biomarkers of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Whether the AR gene also transcribes non-coding circular RNAs that are associated with PCa development and tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized an AR circular RNA, called circAR3, that is widely expressed in PCa cell models and prostate tumors. circAR3 can be secreted into culture media of PCa cell lines and is detectable in the serum from mice bearing PCa xenografts. In PCa patient tissues, circAR3 is highly expressed in benign prostate and hormone naive PCa but downregulated when tumors were treated with neoadjuvant hormone therapy and further reduced when tumors progressed to the castrate-resistant stage. However, circAR3 levels in plasma are extremely low in patients with benign prostate, are upregulated in PCa patients with high Gleason scores and lymph node metastasis, and become undetectable in men after radical prostatectomy. circAR3 does not affect AR signaling, PCa cell proliferation, and invasion rates. Our results demonstrated that the origin of the detectable plasma circAR3 is from the prostate/PCa. Plasma circAR3 may be developed to be a PCa biomarker to monitor PCa development and tumor progression. Keywords: prostate cancer, androgen receptor, circular RNA, circAR3, alternative RNA splicing, cell-free circular RNA, AR splice variant