gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing a Start-Stop Controller Using Policy Search (2014)

We applied a policy search algorithm to the problem of optimizing a start-stop controller—a controller used in a car to turn off the vehicle’s engine, and thus save energy, when the vehicle comes to a temporary halt. We were able to improve the existing policy by approximately 12% using real driver trace data. We also experimented with using multiple policies, and found that doing so could lead to a further 8% improvement if we could determine which policy to apply at each stop. The driver’s behaviors before stopping were found to be uncorrelated with the policy that performed best; however, further experimentation showed that the driver’s behavior during the stop may be more useful, suggesting a useful direction for adding complexity to the underlying start-stop policy.
Controlled Deposition of Structured Polymer Films: Chemical and Rheological Factors in Chitosan Film Formation (2012)

The technique of "spread coating" has been used to create thin films from solutions of deacetylated and butyl-modified chitosan polymer, and the effect of deposition rate on film thickness has been characterized. Results show that films of controlled thickness can be reproducibly produced and that hydrophobic modification of the polymer can extend the range over which a linear response between film thickness and deposition rate is achieved. Viscometry and fluorescence spectroscopy were also employed to characterize the micellar characteristics of solutions of both deacetylated and butyl-modified chitosan polymer. Although both deacetylated and butyl-modified chitosan solutions were found to have inter- and intramolecular interactions, as well as hydrophobic domains able to incorporate fluorophores, deacetylated chitosan was found to be more interconnected via intermolecular interactions at higher concentrations. These results are important as having the ability to understand how the introduction of hydrophobic modification, a technique shown to introduce solution-based micelle structure and micellar aggregates that support enzyme immobilization, affects film thickness and morphology of spread coated thin films will aid the long-term development and deployment of chitosan-based biofuel cell electrodes.
Semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotics derived from LY264826 active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (1996)

Certain derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotic LY264826 with N-alkyl-linked substitutions on the epivancosamine sugar are active against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. Six compounds representing our most active series were evaluated for activity against antibiotic-resistant, gram-positive pathogens. For Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, the MICs of the six semisynthetic compounds for 90% of the strains tested were 1 to 4 micrograms/ml, compared with 2,048 micrograms/ml for vancomycin and 256 micrograms/ml for LY264826. For E. faecium and E. faecalis resistant to vancomycin but not teicoplanin, the MICs were 0.016 to 1 micrograms/ml, compared with 64 to 1,024 micrograms/ml for vancomycin. The compounds were highly active against vancomycin-susceptible enterococci and against E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus and showed some activity against isolates of highly vancomycin-resistant leuconostocs and pediococci. The MICs for 90% of the strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tested were typically 0.25 to 1 micrograms/ml, compared with 1 microgram/ml for vancomycin. Against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis MICs ranged from 0.25 to 2 micrograms/ml, compared with 1 to 4 micrograms/ml for vancomycin and 4 to 16 micrograms/ml for teicoplanin. The spectrum of these new compounds included activity against teicoplanin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. The compounds exhibited exceptional potency against pathogenic streptococci, with MICs of &lt; or = 0.008 microgram/ml against Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant isolates. In in vivo studies with a mouse infection model, the median effective doses against a challenge by S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, or S. pyogenes were typically 4 to 20 times lower than those of vancomycin. Overall, these new glycopeptides, such as LY307599 and LY333328, show promise for use as agents against resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
Erratum: Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen induces genome instability by E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting (2017)

Correction to: Oncogene (2017) 36, 6784–6792; doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.277; published online 28 August 2017 This article was originally published under NPG's License to Publish, but has now been made available under a CC BY-NC-SA license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Wafer-level vacuum packaging technology based on selective electroplating (2004)

A novel concept for low-cost, wafer-level packaging of MEMS is proposed and applied to vacuum packaging of INO’s 160x120 pixel uncooled bolometric focal plane arrays, FPAs, based on vanadium oxide thermistor material. A wafer-scale metallic tray composed of several tens of micropackages is electroplated by using the thick resist SU-8 as a micromold. FPA dies and infrared windows are then soldered to the main tray by flip-chip bonding. Contrary to the conventional wafer to wafer bonding approach, assembly and vacuum sealing steps are dissociated. For this purpose, each micropackage is equipped with a pump-out hole for outgassing under vacuum and at elevated temperature prior to vacuum sealing. The process flow for fabrication of micropackages is described. The influence of DC and pulse plating conditions on the stress and properties of deposited nickel packages was investigated. Results on the selective electroplating of indium solder on antireflection-coated IR window wafers and the formation of a solderable layer around the chip are presented.
Nuclear targeting of Akt antagonizes aspects of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (2006)

The serine/threonine kinase Akt regulates cellular survival, proliferation, gene transcription, protein translation, metabolism, and differentiation. Although Akt substrates are found throughout the cell, activated Akt normally accumulates in the nucleus, suggesting that biologically relevant targets are located there. Consequences of nuclear Akt signaling in cardiomyocytes were explored by using nuclear-targeted Akt (Akt-nuc). Accumulation of Akt-nuc did not provoke hypertrophy, unlike constitutively activated Akt. Instead, Akt-nuc inhibited hypertrophy concurrent with increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression that depended upon phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity. Akt-nuc antihypertrophic effects were blocked by inhibition of either guanylyl cyclase A receptor or cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in cultured cardiomyocytes. Corroborating evidence showed blunted acute hypertrophic remodeling in Akt-nuc transgenic mice after transverse aortic constriction coincident with higher ANP expression and smaller myocyte volume. In addition, Akt-nuc expression improved systolic function and survival in the chronic phase of transverse aortic constriction-induced hypertrophy. Thus, Akt-nuc antagonizes certain aspects of hypertrophy through autocrine/paracrine stimulation of a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent signaling cascade that promotes ANP expression, resulting in a unique combination of prosurvival coupled with antihypertrophic signaling.
5-Aminolevulinic-acid-mediated Photodynamic Diagnosis Enhances the Detection of Peritoneal Metastases in Biliary Tract Cancer in Mice (2018)

5-ALA PDD was useful for diagnosis of biliary tract cancer and detection of small peritoneal metastatic lesions in murine models of biliary cancers. Clinical studies and applications of 5-ALA PDD for biliary tract cancer are expected in the future.
Three Approaches to Generating Texts in Different Styles (2008)

Natural Language Generation (nlg) systems generate texts in English and other human languages from non-linguistic input data. Usually there are a large number of possible texts that can communicate the input data, and nlg systems must choose one of these. We argue that style can be used by nlg systems to choose between possible texts, and explore how this can be done by (1) explicit stylistic parameters, (2) imitating a genre style, and (3) imitating an individual’s style.
Image Restoration by Matching Gradient Distributions (2011)

The restoration of a blurry or noisy image is commonly performed with a MAP estimator, which maximizes a posterior probability to reconstruct a clean image from a degraded image. A MAP estimator, when used with a sparse gradient image prior, reconstructs piecewise smooth images and typically removes textures that are important for visual realism. We present an alternative deconvolution method called iterative distribution reweighting (IDR) which imposes a global constraint on gradients so that a reconstructed image should have a gradient distribution similar to a reference distribution. In natural images, a reference distribution not only varies from one image to another, but also within an image depending on texture. We estimate a reference distribution directly from an input image for each texture segment. Our algorithm is able to restore rich mid-frequency textures. A large-scale user study supports the conclusion that our algorithm improves the visual realism of reconstructed images compared to those of MAP estimators.
Electrophilic additions to allenes. VI. The role of steric versus electronic effects in the reactions of arenesulphenyl halides with allenes (1980)

The role of steric and electronic effects during the rate and product determining steps for the addition of arenesulphenyl chlorides to 1,3-disubstituted allenes has been briefly examined. Both effects appear to be generally of minimal importance during the rate determining step. The available rate data indicate the presence of little, if any, build up of positive charge on sulphur. These results are interpreted in terms of an S N 2 attack on bivalent sulphur leading to an alkylidenethiiranium ion intermediate. Steric effects are of greater importance in the product determining step, particularly when the sulphenyl chlorides possess two bulky ortho substituents, as in the case of 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulphenyl chloride.
Compensation of third-order intermodulation distortion of electro-optic modulator by using frequency chirp modulation (2018)

A new electro-optic modulator for compensating the nonlinear distortion is proposed. The third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) in receiver output is optically suppressed by the frequency-chirp modulation in the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) structure. All of optical branches of the DPMZM are symmetric. The performance was analyzed by numerical calculations. First, we made an experiment to confirm the performance using a DPMZM with a microwave hybrid coupler for applying 10GHz two-tone signals to each electrode of the DPMZM. The chirp parameters of two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) of the DPMZM were set to opposite signs to each other, +1 and −1. It is seen from the experiment that the intensity ratio of IMD3 to signal in the receiver output was less than −58dB at modulation indices below 0.55 (0.175π) rad and that the minimum of the ratio was less than −80dB at around 0.5 (0.16&pi;) rad. In contrast, for a conventional single-MZM the ratio was less than −27dB below 0.55rad modulation indices. These experimental results agreed well with the calculation ones. Next, we designed and fabricated the modulator of the single-chip structure and the single-input operation for smallsizing and simple operation. The microwave rat-race circuit (RR), which operates as a 180&deg; hybrid coupler, was designed on a Lithium Niobate (LN) substrate at 10GHz and was integrated with modulation electrodes of the DPMZM. The RR and modulation electrodes were formed with a gold thin film pattern at a time. The IMD3 suppression operation was confirmed for the fabricated modulator as well.
Synthesis, structural characterization and photocatalytic application of ZnO@ZnS core–shell nanoparticles (2014)

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation with no capping agent followed by covering with ZnS using a solution-based chemical method at low temperature. By variation of the solution concentrations it was found that the fully-covering ZnS shell forms by a reaction of Na2S with ZnO NPs followed by the formation of ZnS nano-crystals by the reaction of Na2S with ZnCl2. The mechanism that led to full coverage of the ZnO core is proposed to be the addition of ZnCl2 at a later stage of the growth which guarantees a continuous supply of Zn ions to the core surface. Moreover, the ZnS nano-crystals that uniformly cover the ZnO NPs show no epitaxial relationship between the ZnO core and ZnS shell. The slow atomic mobility at the low reaction temperature is attributed to the non-epitaxial uniform ZnS shell growth. The rough surface of the ZnO grains provides initial nucleation positions for the growth of the ZnS shell nano-crystals. The low growth temperature also inhibits the abnormal growth of ZnS grains and results in the homogeneous coverage of ZnS nano-crystals on the ZnO core surface. The as-synthesized ZnO@ZnS core–shell nanoparticles were used as a photocatalyst to decompose Rose Bengal dye at three different pH values. ZnO@ZnS core–shell nanoparticles perform as a more active photocatalyst at a pH of 4, while pure ZnO nanoparticles are more efficient at a pH of 7.
Distributed Phase Aberration Correction Techniques Based on Local Sound Speed Estimates (2018)

Phase aberration, reverberation clutter, and off-axis scattering have been identified as major sources of image degradation in medical ultrasound. Near-field and mid-field phase aberration correction techniques make assumptions about the sound speed distribution in the imaging medium that limit their efficacy in the presence of distributed aberrations. Although distributed aberration correction techniques have the potential to perform better, many existing techniques have limited capability in media composed of diffuse scatterers. We propose a distributed phase aberration correction technique, based on local sound speed estimates, that aims to have greater flexibility and improve reconstruction accuracy in media with diffuse scatterers.
A Compact Methodology Via a Recurrent Neural Network for Accurate Equivalent Circuit Type Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

This work investigates the modeling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with a recurrent neural network (RNN), rather than with an equivalent circuit or similar type model as is typically used. The RNN is trained with dynamic battery data, such as vehicle drive cycle test results. Specialized characterization tests and model parameterization are not necessary, simplifying the process of battery modeling. A compact unified methodology consisting of an RNN with gated recurrent unit and deep feature selection structures is utilized. A total of two RNNs are evaluated, one with current as the input and another with power as the input. Both RNN forms accurately model LIB dynamic responses including battery nonlinear behavior at different temperatures. The models are compact in size, require fewer characterization tests compared to conventional equivalent circuit models, and can be further used as an LIB simulator in model-based design and hardware-in-loop applications to test battery management systems and other electronic components.
Multi-channel ANC system using optimized reference microphones based on time difference of arrival (2015)

Feedforward active noise control (ANC) system using upstream reference signal can reduce various noises such as broadband noise by arranging a reference microphone close to a noise source. However, the performance of ANC system deteriorates if the noise environment such as the arrival direction is changed. This is because of the causality constraint that the unwanted noise propagates to the control point faster than the "antinoise" to cancel the unwanted noise. To solve this problem, we propose an ANC system that estimates the arrival direction of noise using multiple reference microphones placed around the control point. This system uses a time difference of arrival technique to estimate noise source location and then optimize reference signal. Noise reduction performances are examined through some simulations in this paper.
Ratiometric Optical Temperature Sensor Using Two Fluorescent Dyes Dissolved in an Ionic Liquid Encapsulated by Parylene Film (2013)

A temperature sensor that uses temperature-sensitive fluorescent dyes is developed. The droplet sensor has a diameter of 40 µm and uses 1 g/L of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 0.5 g/L of Rhodamine 110 (Rh110), which are fluorescent dyes that are dissolved in an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate) to function as temperature indicators. This ionic liquid is encapsulated using vacuum Parylene film deposition (which is known as the Parylene-on-liquid-deposition (PoLD) method). The droplet is sealed by the chemically stable and impermeable Parylene film, which prevents the dye from interacting with the molecules in the solution and keeps the volume and concentration of the fluorescent material fixed. The two fluorescent dyes enable the temperature to be measured ratiometrically such that the droplet sensor can be used in various applications, such as the wireless temperature measurement of microregions. The sensor can measure the temperature of such microregions with an accuracy of 1.9 °C, a precision of 3.7 °C, and a fluorescence intensity change sensitivity of 1.0%/K. The sensor can measure temperatures at different sensor depths in water, ranging from 0 to 850 µm. The droplet sensor is fabricated using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology and is highly applicable to lab-on-a-chip devices.
Shift-invariant denoising using wavelet-domain hidden Markov trees (2003)

Wavelet-domain hidden Markov models have proven to be useful tools for statistical signal and image processing. The hidden Markov tree (HMT) model captures the key features of the joint statistics of the wavelet coefficients of real-world data. One potential drawback to the HMT framework is the need for computationally expensive iterative training (using the EM algorithm, for example). We use an image structure not yet recognized by the HMT to show that the HMT parameters of real-world, grayscale images have a certain form. This leads to a description of the HMT model with just nine meta-parameters (independent of the size of the image and the number of wavelet scales). We also observe that these nine meta-parameters are similar for many images. This leads to a universal HMT (uHMT) model for grayscale images. Algorithms using the uHMT require no training of any kind. While simple, a series of image estimation/denoising experiments show that the uHMT retains nearly all of the key structures modeled by the full HMT. Based on the uHMT model, we develop a shift-invariant wavelet denoising scheme that outperforms all algorithms in the current literature.
Supplementary Figure 1A-D from Transformation-Dependent Silencing of Tumor-Selective Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL by DNA Hypermethylation Is Antagonized by Decitabine (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1A-D from Transformation-Dependent Silencing of Tumor-Selective Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL by DNA Hypermethylation Is Antagonized by Decitabine
Use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and fusion‐guided biopsies to properly select and follow African‐American men on active surveillance (2019)

AA men were more likely to be upgraded from GGG 1 on SB to GGG ≥3 on initial FB; however, AA and non-AA men on AS subsequently progressed at similar rates following mpMRI and FB. A greater tendency for SB to underestimate tumour grade in AA men may explain prior studies that have shown AA men to be at higher risk of progression during AS.
Short Communication: Modified Schreiber Test for Evaluation of Mozzarella Cheese Meltability (1999)

Modifications to the traditional Schreiber test for evaluation of cheese meltability were proposed. We investigated the effect of oven temperatures in the range of 60 to 232C and of three heating surfaces, namely, glass Petri dish, aluminum plate, and stainless steel on the extent of cheese spread. Determinations were made measuring both the maximum diameter and area of spread. Five shredded Mozzarella cheeses supplied by a commercial manufacturer were used. From the results, it is proposed that the Schreiber test for evaluation of cheese meltability should be modified such that the tests are performed at a lower temperature (90C ) on an aluminum plate and that the area of the melted cheese is measured as an indicator of cheese meltability.
Optimal Control of Energy Flow between Electrified Auxiliaries and Powertrain in Hybrid-Electric Heavy-Duty Vehicles (2020)

Predictive control strategies are state of the art in hybrid vehicles today. In this contribution, an optimal control strategy for a 48 V powernet of a heavy-duty long-haul truck is investigated. A holistic approach is presented to control the power supply of actuatable electrified auxiliaries along with the common hybrid-electric driving functions. As a consequence, numerous state-control-combinations have to be calculated. To handle this computational effort the presented method utilizes heuristic information about the driven route. Thereby, the route is segmented into classes of related power demand. Subsequently, Dynamic Programming is applied to solve the optimal control problem. As example for an electrified auxiliary the compressor of the air-condition is chosen. A baseline control strategy for a reactive 48 V system is compared to the optimal solution based on simulations. The features and use cases of the optimal control are discussed. It will be shown that applying the optimal control approach for the 48 V system with knowledge about the whole route results in additional benefit in fuel consumption.
Clustering with differential evolution particle swarm optimization (2010)

The applications of recently developed meta-heuristics in cluster analysis, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), have increasingly attracted attention and popularity in a wide variety of communities owing to their effectiveness in solving complicated combinatorial optimization problems. Here, we propose to use a hybrid of PSO and DE, known as differential evolution particle swarm optimization (DEPSO), in order to further improve search capability and achieve higher flexibility in exploring the natural while hidden data structures of data of interest. Empirical results show that the DEPSO-based clustering algorithm achieves better performance in terms of the number of epochs required to reach a pre-specified cutoff value of the fitness function than either of the other approaches used. Further experimental studies on both synthetic and real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in finding meaningful clustering solutions.
Characteristics of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in a Thin Stack on Bi-2223 Thin Films (1998)

We have successfully fabricated a small thin stack with a small number of intrinsic junctions on (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ x thin films. Mesa structures with the junctions are fabricated on the surface of high-quality films prepared by rf-sputtering and subsequent heat treatment. Current-voltage ( I–V ) responses along the c -axis show large distinct hysteresis, a clear multiple branching structure with a periodic voltage jump and the edge structure, which represents the superconductive gap. On reducing the number of the intrinsic stacked junctions, the estimated superconductive gap value increases. The thinnest stack exhibits the I–V characteristic of a single junction. The value of the superconductive gap estimated from the single junction sample is about 75 meV at 4.2 K. The obtained I–V curve is explained quite well by assuming d x 2 - y 2 symmetry for the superconductive order parameter without the term of gap suppression.