gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Does the Surface of Al–ITQ-HB 2D-MOF Condition the Intermolecular Interactions of an Adsorbed Organic Molecule? (2018)

In this work, we unravel how the two-dimensional Al-ITQ-4-heptylbenzoic acid (HB) metal-organic framework (MOF) changes the interactions of Nile red (NR) adsorbed on its surface. Time-resolved emission experiments indicate the occurrence of energy transfer between adsorbed NR molecules, in abnormally long time constant of 2-2.5 ns, which gets shorter (∼0.25 ns) when the concentration of the surface-adsorbed NR increases. We identify the emission from local excited state of aggregates and charge transfer and energy transfer between adsorbed molecules. Femtosecond emission studies reveal an ultrafast process (∼425 fs) in the NR@Al-ITQ-HB composites, assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer in NR molecules. A comparison of the observed photobehavior with that of NR/SiO<sub>2</sub> and NR/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites suggests that the occurrence of energy transfer in the NR@MOF complexes is a result of specific and nonspecific interactions, reflecting the different surface properties of Al-ITQ-HB that are of relevance to the reported high catalytic activity. Our results provide new knowledge for further researches on other composites with the aim to improve understanding of photocatalytic and photonic processes within MOFs.
■ REVIEW : Excitotoxicity, Free Radicals, Necrosis, and Apoptosis (1998)

Recent studies have shown that excitotoxicity can result in either neuronal necrosis (passive cell lysis associated with energy failure) or apoptosis (active cell death requiring energy production). The type of cell death encountered by neuronal cell cultures exposed to excessive levels of excitatory amino acids—such as glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, or free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O 2 - ), which react to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-)—depends on the intensity of the exposure and may involve two temporally distinct phases. After relatively fulminant insults, an initial phase of necrosis—associated with extreme energy depletion—may simply reflect the failure of neurons to carry out the "default" apoptotic death program used to efficiently dispose of aged or otherwise unwanted cells. Neurons that survive this initial insult recover mitochondrial membrane potential and energy charge and subsequently undergo apoptosis, which seems to be associated with a factor(s) released from mitochondria. These factors have proteolytic activity or trigger the activation of proteases (caspases), ex ecutors of the cell death program. Thus, the maintenance of balanced energy production may be a decisive factor in determining the degree, type, and progression of neuronal injury caused by excitotoxins and free radicals. Increasing evidence suggests that similar events occur in vivo after ischemia or other insults, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and AIDS dementia. NEUROSCIENTIST 4:345-352, 1998
A bias condition monitor technique for the nested Mach-Zehnder modulator (2006)

A nested Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator, which consists of two sub MZ interferometers embedded in a main MZ interferometer, is a multifunctional modulator. It can work as an optical single side-band (SSB) modulator, a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulator and so on. Despite difficulties due to their complex structure, in order to avoid the operation instability of such modulators the bias condition of each MZ interferometer must be controlled automatically according to the modulation formats. In this paper, we proposed a specific bias condition monitor technique to the nested modulator.
Apoptosis in Hormone-Responsive Malignancies (1997)

The breast and prostate cancer belong to the spectrum of hormone-related malignancies. So, this chapter seeks to review current knowledge about the role of programmed cell death in the normal development and function of the mammary and prostate glands, the carcinogenic process, and the prevention and therapy of breast and prostate cancers. Its suitability as a target for new therapies for both cancers is also explored. Although the focus of the chapter is on breast and prostate cancers, it seems likely that lessons learned from these two neoplasms is also of relevant to a variety of other epithelial malignancies. Breast and prostate represent two excellent model tissues in which to study the balance between cell proliferation and cell death in the normal setting. Research suggests that steroid hormones are key factors that promote proliferation and block death in both tissues. In addition, the pivotal role of programmed cell death in the normal lactational cycle of the breast has been identified. Furthermore, hormone-responsive breast and prostate cancers retain a similar programmed cell death pathway(s) that can be triggered by hormone withdrawal. Similar or identical pathways also exist in endocrine-unresponsive prostate and breast cancer cells even though hormonal manipulation is no longer capable of triggering these pathways. As the components of these pathways, their activators, and their inhibitors are delineated, these programmed cell death pathways provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Nanofabrication beyond Electronics (2009)

This Nano Focus article reviews recent developments in nanofabrication based on invited talks given at the "Chemical Methods of Nanofabrication" symposium, which was organized by the authors and presented at the 237th ACS National Meeting and Exhibition as one of seven symposia within the meeting theme, "Nanoscience: Challenges for the Future". The three-day symposium included 25 experts from academia, national laboratories, and industry from around the world, to discuss current progress and future directions in nanofabrication. We highlight several of the key results discussed and future directions and challenges in this rapidly changing field.
Electrophilic fluorination of pharmacologically active 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic fluorination of pharmacologically active 1,3-dicarbonyl compoundsGiuseppe Resnati and Darryl D. DesMarteauCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 15, 4281–4284Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00041a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00041a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 17289: Incidence of Cardiomyopathy and Mortality in Patients With Cobalt and Chromium Metal Hip Arthroplasty (2018)

Introduction: One million patients around the world have had total hip arthorplasty with 35% of them having metal-on-metal implants. Although there have been some case reports of cobalt cardiotoxicity from arthroprosthetic cobaltism resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy, incidence of cardiomyopathy and mortality in these patients is unknown. Objective: We therefore sought to determine the incidence of new onset cardiomyopathy (EF &lt;40%) and associated mortality, in patients with metal hip arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively examined the records of the patients form our institutional total hip arthroplasty registry (Metal on Metal: MoM, Metal on Polyethylene: MoP, Ceramic on Ceramic: CoC and Ceramic on Polyethylne: CoP). Among 122 patients with baseline and follow up echocardiograms, cobalt and chromium levels were available in 12 patients, none of which developed incident cardiomyopathy. Results: The mean age of the population with metal group (MoM and MoP) was 53 years, predominantly males. During the follow up period of 10 years, the cumulative incidence (KM curve probabilities) of low EF &lt;=40% in our study population was 14% in metal group as compared to 5% in non-metal group (CoC and CoP), (p value 0.51). At 15 years of follow up, among 122 patients, there were16 deaths in the metal group (81) and only 2 deaths in the non-metal group (41) (p value 0.15). Conclusions: In conclusion, although the incidence of cardiomyopathy as well as mortality is low in patients with metal hip arthroplasty and not significantly, further studies maybe needed to assess its effect on diastolic dysfunction.
Factors Associated With the Development of and Revision for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in 440 Consecutive Adult Spinal Deformity Patients (2017)

3.
Strain population structure varies widely across bacterial species and predicts strain colonization in unrelated individuals (2020)

Summary The population structure of strains within a bacterial species is poorly defined, despite the functional importance of strain variation in the human gut microbiota on health. Here we analyzed &gt;1000 sequenced bacterial strains from the fecal microbiota of 47 individuals from two countries and combined them with &gt;150,000 bacterial genomes from NCBI to quantify the strain population size of different bacterial species, as well as the frequency of finding the same strain colonized in unrelated individuals who had no opportunities for direct microbial strain transmission. Strain population sizes ranged from tens to over one-hundred thousand per species. Prevalent strains in common gut microbiota species with small population sizes were the most likely to be harbored in two or more unrelated individuals. The finite strain population size of certain species creates the opportunity to comprehensively sequence the entirety of these species’ prevalent strains and associate their presence in different individuals with health outcomes.
Garciduols A and B, New Benzophenone-Xanthone Dimers, from Garcinia dulcis (1996)

From the roots of Gamnia dulcis (Guttiferae), two new compounds, garciduols A and B, were isolated.The skeleton was a dimer composed of a xanthone and a hemophenone.In continuation of our phybxhemical on Guttiferamus plants oriented to search for biological active principles, the chemical constituents (xanthones, benzophenones, anthrones etc.) isolated fcom some plants of G a d , Cal~phyllwn,~ Hmgnd and M d were characterized.In a preceding paper, the structures of some xanthones with C5 andlor Clo units in the hark or the roots of Gurcinia dulcis Kurz.were re~ealed.~Further investigation into an acetone extract of the roots of the plant resulted in isolation of two compounds.This communication deals with the structural determination of garciduols A and B with a new skeleton of henzophenone-xanthone dimer.Garciduol A (1),7 a yellow amorphous powder, gave positive to FeC13 and Gibbs reagent The [MI+ at m z 486.0959 in the high-resolution eims corresponds to C27H1809.The 1H nmr specbum showed ten aromatic protons, five hydroxyls including a chelated one and a methoxyl group.Eight aromatic protons among them were the hydrogens assigned to a 1,2,3-trisuhstituted and a monosubstituted benzene ring by their coupling constants and the other two were allotted to the isolated hydrogens.In the 13C nmr specbum, two earbonyl
Spectral Shift Absorbers for Fast Spectrum Space Nuclear Reactors (2005)

The space nuclear reactors being considered to support the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO‐1) mission‐1 sometime in the next decade are compact and fast spectrum with void fractions ranging from 20–40%. In order to secure launch approval, it has to be demonstrated that these reactors will remain sufficiently subcritical when submerged in water or wet sand and subsequently flooded with water, following a launch abort accident. The resulting shift in the neutron spectrum towards thermal increases reactivity, potentially making the reactors supercritical. Incorporating “Spectral Shift Absorbers” (or SSAs), elements such as boron, europium, gadolinium or rhenium, which have significantly higher absorption cross‐sections for thermal versus fast neutrons, can offset the reactivity increase. It has always been the assumption that the worst‐case submersion accident is with a fully flooded reactor; however, this work shows that, depending on the type and amount of SSA in the reactor, a submerged but unflooded reactor core could be more reactive, raising a safety concern. This condition, referred to as “reactivity inversion”, is investigated for the following SSA elements: boron, boron‐10, samarium‐149, europium, europium‐151, gadolinium, gadolinium‐155, gadolinium‐157 and rhenium, by varying the ratio of SSA to fissile atoms in the reactor. The effect of placing a coating of SSA material on the outside of the reactor vessel is also investigated. Gadolinium‐157 is the most effective SSA material investigated as a core additive, yielding the greatest increase in the safety worth of a submerged space reactor with a comparatively small decrease in excess reactivity. Samarium‐149 yields a similar increase in safety worth, but with a much larger decrease in excess reactivity. Natural europium and gadolinium are also promising: however, the decrease in the excess reactivity is greater with europium than with gadolinium. Boron and boron‐10 are not particularly attractive as core additives, but boron‐10 yields the greatest benefit as a coating. Rhenium is useful only if the desired safety worth is small (< $3) and at a significant mass penalty.
Data from A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1α–XBP1 Activation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancer. The inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α)–X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway is the most evolutionarily conserved of the three major signaling branches of the UPR. Here, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screen to obtain a systematic assessment of genes integrated in the IRE1α–XBP1 axis. We monitored the expression of an XBP1-luciferase chimeric protein in which luciferase was fused in-frame with the spliced (active) form of XBP1. Using cells expressing this reporter construct, we identified 162 genes for which siRNA inhibition resulted in alteration in XBP1 splicing. These genes express diverse types of proteins modulating a wide range of cellular processes. Pathway analysis identified a set of genes implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Several genes, including &lt;i&gt;BCL10, GCLM&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;IGF1R&lt;/i&gt;, correlated with worse relapse-free survival (RFS) in an analysis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, in this cohort of 1,908 patients, only high GCLM expression correlated with worse RFS in both TNBC and non-TNBC patients. Altogether, our study revealed unidentified roles of novel pathways regulating the UPR, and these findings may serve as a paradigm for exploring novel therapeutic opportunities based on modulating the UPR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Implications:&lt;/b&gt; Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies novel genes/pathways that modulate IRE1α–XBP1 signaling in human tumor cells and leads to the development of improved therapeutic approaches targeting the UPR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Visual Overview:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/5/745/F1.large.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/5/745/F1.large.jpg&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 745–53. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Using Genomics to Unveil Bacterial Determinants of Rhizosphere Life Style (2013)

Although the best known mutualistic interaction between plants and bacteria is that between rhizobia and legumes, pseudomonads are frequent and active inhabitants of the rhizosphere. We illustrate here how a bacterial population of Pseudomonas putida adjusts its genetic program to this life style as a mean of adaptation during the interaction with maize roots. In this heterogeneous habitat, differentially expressed genes have been identified by comparing rhizosphere-colonizing populations with three control situations covering a variety of nutrients, growth phases and life styles (planktonic and sessile). About a hundred genes have been found to be differentially expressed relative to all three controls, being the number of rhizosphere up-regulated (rup) genes ninefold higher than the number of repressed genes and their expression changes more prominent. The presence of particular nutrients in root exudates is reflected in the preferential expression of genes involved in amino acid uptake and metabolism of aromatic compounds in the rhizosphere. In contrast, the induction of efflux pumps and enzymes for glutathione metabolism indicates that adaptation to adverse conditions and stress (oxidative) response are crucial for bacterial life in this environment. This scenery is compatible with two selective forces of different nature being important for the colonization of the rhizosphere: stress and availability of specific nutrients. The identification of a PilZ domain protein and a GGDEF/EAL domain response regulator among a considerable number of rup genes with a regulatory role suggests the implication of signaling by the secondary messenger c-di-GMP in the plant–Pseudomonas association. This transcriptomic approach applied to the rhizosphere was valid for unveiling so far unknown bacterial traits for ecological performance.
IFN-γ Can Promote Tumor Evasion of the Immune System In Vivo by Down-Regulating Cellular Levels of an Endogenous Tumor Antigen (2000)

Although IFN-gamma has been generally thought to enhance antitumor immune responses, we found that IFN-gamma can promote tumor escape in the CT26 colon carcinoma by down-regulating the protein expression of an endogenous tumor Ag. gp70, the env product of the endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus, has been reported to be the immunodominant Ag of CT26. We show that IFN-gamma down-regulates intracellular and surface levels of gp70 protein resulting in a reduced lysis by CTL, which is restored by pulsing IFN-gamma-treated CT26 with the L(d)-restricted immunodominant AH1 epitope derived from gp70. To investigate the role of CT26 sensitivity to IFN-gamma in vivo, we constructed two variants of CT26, CT26.mugR and CT26.IFN, that are unresponsive to IFN-gamma or express IFN-gamma, respectively. We demonstrate using these variants that tumor responsiveness to IFN-gamma promotes a reduction in tumor immunogenicity in vivo that is correlated with an increased tumor incidence in immune mice. Analysis of the tumors from mice challenged with CT26 or CT26.mugR revealed infiltration of CD8 T cells secreting IFN-gamma. We conclude that IFN-gamma secreted by tumor-infiltrating T cells promotes tumor escape through the down-regulation of the endogenous tumor Ag gp70. These findings have impact on the design of effective antitumor vaccine strategies.
Kidney injury: the case of elderly patients Danno renale acuto nella popolazione anziana (2011)

approach. AKI treatment in this age group may be even more complex than in the general population. There are data on differences in renal recovery and mortality between the young and the old with renal injury which indicate a higher risk in fragile elderly individuals. Furthermore, it is crucial to establish all possible measures for AKI prevention in the elderly critically ill patient, since once AKI is established, mortality increases significantly.
Antenna diversity measurements in an urban single frequency network at S-band (2009)

Reception diversity is generally used to help network deployment and/or to improve air interface performances in mobile systems. Nevertheless, the reduced size of terminal is a constraint that can prevent to build efficient diversity antenna systems. CEA-LETI has developed a new concept of diversity antenna systems. A measurement campaign in actual urban conditions at Sband has been carried out to compare its performances with a classical Dipole antenna system.
Heat shock proteins within the mammalian cell cycle: Relationship to thermal sensitivity, thermal tolerance, and cell cycle progression (1986)

We have measured endogenous and induced rates of 70-kD, 89-kD, and 110-kD heat shock proteins in highly pure G1-, S-, or G2-M phase fractions of Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CHO) separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Relative rates of synthesis of all three polypeptides as measured by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were similar throughout the cell cycle, and therefore, endogenous levels were unlikely to explain the thermal sensitivity of S-phase cells. Distinct heterogeneity in induced rates of these polypeptides was noted in all phase fractions. Enhanced rates of 70-kD polypeptide were measured in S and G2-M as compared to G1 following heat shock. Little increase in either the 89-kD or 110k-kD heat shock proteins was observed in heated G1 cells. This heterogeneity in induced rates of synthesis was in contrast to the similarity in thermal tolerance expression kinetics between each phase. Finally, enhanced synthesis of these polypeptides appeared unrelated to regulation of either heat-induced cell cycle delay or to the resumption of phase-specific progression after heat shock as measured by simultaneous flow cytometric measurement of incorporated BrdUrd and DNA content.
Comprehensive Structural Studies of 2′,3′-Difluorinated Nucleosides: Comparison of Theory, Solution, and Solid State (2008)

The conformations of three 2',3'-difluoro uridine nucleosides were studied by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations in an attempt to define the roles that the two vicinal fluorine atoms play in the puckering preferences of the furanose ring. Two of the compounds examined contained fluorine atoms in either the arabino or xylo dispositions at C2' and C3' of a 2',3'-dideoxyuridine system. The third compound also incorporated fluorine atoms in the xylo configuration on the furanose ring but was substituted with a 6-azauracil base in place of uracil. A battery of NMR experiments in D 2O solution was used to identify conformational preferences primarily from coupling constant and NOE data. Both (1)H and (19)F NMR data were used to ascertain the preferred sugar pucker of the furanose ring through the use of the program PSEUROT. Compound-dependent parameters used in the PSEUROT calculations were newly derived from complete sets of conformations calculated from high-level ab initio methods. The solution and theoretical data were compared to the conformations of each molecule in the solid state. It was shown that both gauche and antiperiplanar effects may be operative to maintain a pseudodiaxial arrangement of the C2' and C3' vicinal fluorine atoms. These data, along with previously reported data by us and others concerning monofluorinated nucleoside conformations, were used to propose a model of how fluorine influences different aspects of nucleoside conformations.