gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trolox selectively enhances arsenic-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in APL and other malignant cell lines (2004)

Although arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is an effective therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), its use in other malignancies is limited by the toxicity of concentrations required to induce apoptosis in non-APL tumor cells. We looked for agents that would synergize with As(2)O(3) to induce apoptosis in malignant cells, but not in normal cells. We found that trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), a widely known antioxidant, enhances As(2)O(3)-mediated apoptosis in APL, myeloma, and breast cancer cells. Treatment with As(2)O(3) and trolox increased intracellular oxidative stress, as evidenced by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels, c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and protein and lipid oxidation. The synergistic effects of trolox may be specific to As(2)O(3), as trolox does not add to toxicity induced by other chemotherapeutic drugs. We explored the mechanism of this synergy using electron paramagnetic resonance and observed the formation of trolox radicals when trolox was combined with As(2)O(3), but not with doxorubicin. Importantly, trolox protected nonmalignant cells from As(2)O(3)-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data provide the first evidence that trolox may extend the therapeutic spectrum of As(2)O(3). Furthermore, the combination of As(2)O(3) and trolox shows potential specificity for tumor cells, suggesting it may not increase the toxicity associated with As(2)O(3) monotherapy in vivo.
Imaging Scheme for 3-D High-Frame-Rate Intracardiac Echography: A Simulation Study (2022)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is normally treated by RF ablation. Intracardiac echography (ICE) is widely employed during RF ablation procedures to guide the electrophysiologist in navigating the ablation catheter, although only 2-D probes are currently clinically used. A 3-D ICE catheter would not only improve visualization of the atrium and ablation catheter, but it might also provide the 3-D mapping of the electromechanical wave (EW) propagation pattern, which represents the mechanical response of cardiac tissue to electrical activity. The detection of this EW needs 3-D high-frame-rate imaging, which is generally only realizable in tradeoff with channel count and image quality. In this simulation-based study, we propose a high volume rate imaging scheme for a 3-D ICE probe design that employs 1-D micro-beamforming in the elevation direction. Such a probe can achieve a high frame rate while reducing the channel count sufficiently for realization in a 10-Fr catheter. To suppress the grating-lobe (GL) artifacts associated with micro-beamforming in the elevation direction, a limited number of fan-shaped beams with a wide azimuthal and narrow elevational opening angle are sequentially steered to insonify slices of the region of interest. An angular weighted averaging of reconstructed subvolumes further reduces the GL artifacts. We optimize the transmit beam divergence and central frequency based on the required image quality for EW imaging (EWI). Numerical simulation results show that a set of seven fan-shaped transmission beams can provide a frame rate of 1000 Hz and a sufficient spatial resolution to visualize the EW propagation on a large 3-D surface.
Ligand‐Directed Profiling of Organelles with Internalizing Phage Libraries (2015)

Phage display is a resourceful tool to, in an unbiased manner, discover and characterize functional protein-protein interactions, create vaccines, and engineer peptides, antibodies, and other proteins as targeted diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents. Recently, our group has developed a new class of internalizing phage (iPhage) for ligand-directed targeting of organelles and to identify molecular pathways within live cells. This unique technology is suitable for applications ranging from fundamental cell biology to drug development. This unit describes the methods for generating and screening the iPhage display system, and explains how to select and validate candidate internalizing homing peptide.
Erratum: “The optical process in AlInP/GaInP/AlInP quantum wells” [J. Appl. Phys. 80, 4592 (1996)] (1997)

First Page
Cofactor-specific covalent anchoring of cytochrome b562on a single-walled carbon nanotube by click chemistry (2016)

Redox-active cytochrome<italic>b</italic><sub>562</sub>with a tethered azide group on the heme propionate side chain is covalently linked to an acetylene moiety introduced on the sidewall of a single-walled carbon nanotube by copper-catalyzed click chemistry.
Front Matter: Volume 7339 (2009)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7339, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Tabe of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Behavior patterns for mobile agent systems from the development process viewpoint (2002)

As wide-area open networks like the Internet and intranets grow larger, mobile agent technology is attracting more attention. Agents are units of software that can deal with environmental changes and the various requirements of open networks through features such as autonomy, mobility, intelligence, cooperation, and reactivity. However, since the usual development methods of the agent systems are not sufficiently investigated, the technology is not yet widespread. In previous papers, we introduced behavior patterns for mobile agent systems and the development method. The behavior patterns represent typical and recurring structures and behaviors of agents. The patterns are classified according to their appropriate architectural levels and the degree to which they depend on specific agent platforms. We evaluate the advantages of our method from the development process viewpoints. Our evaluation focuses on the development efficiency, the applicability, the extensibility and the understandability of our method.
Rate Splitting Multiple Access for Cognitive Radio GEO-LEO Co-Existing Satellite Networks (2022)

LEO satellite communication has drawn particular attention recently due to its high data rate services and low round-trip latency. It is low-cost to launch and can provide global coverage. However, the spectrum scarcity might be one of the critical challenges in the growth of LEO satellites, impacting severe restrictions on the development of ground-space integrated networks. To address this issue, we propose RSMA for CR enabled GEO-LEO coexisting satellite network. In particular, this work aims to maximize the system's sum rate by simultaneously optimizing the power allocation and subcarrier beam assignment of LEO satellite communication while restricting the interference temperature to GEO satellite users. The problem of sum rate maximization is formulated as non-convex and a Global optimal solution is challenging to obtain. Therefore, we first employ the successive convex approximation technique to reduce the complexity and make the problem more tractable. Then for the power allocation, we exploit KKT condition and adopt an efficient algorithm based on the greedy approach for subcarrier beam assignment. We also propose two suboptimal schemes with fixed power allocation and random subcarrier beam assignment as the benchmark. Results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed scheme compared to the benchmark schemes.
Interface states formation in a localized charge trapping nonvolatile memory device (2009)

Two NROM nonvolatile memory devices that are practically identical but exhibit different postcycling characteristics are investigated. Electrical characterizations combined with two-dimensional drift diffusion simulations were employed to quantify and differentiate the retention loss mechanisms. The comparison demonstrates the coexistence of two retention loss mechanisms, lateral charge transport in the nitride layer, and hot carrier induced interface states formation and anneal. The fabrication conditions in the various studies reported in the literature and the resultant impact on interface states formation are most likely the cause of the formally nonresolved debate regarding the origin of retention loss in NROM technology. The reduction in interface state formation during cycling is a key to achieving high reliability NROM cells and products.
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of heterocyclic quaternary ammonium polymers (2018)

Polymers having imidazole and triazole side-chains showed antimicrobial properties.
Anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment in bleeding ulcers: randomized controlled trial comparing 2-day versus 7-day bismuth quadruple therapy. (1997)

Despite similar efficacy in ulcer healing, the 2-day quadruple therapy is less effective than the 1-wk regimen in curing H. pylori infection.
Catalytic growth rate enhancement of electron beam deposited iron films (1987)

Submicron (&amp;lt;0.25 μm) wide lines of iron have been deposited by low-energy (0.5–3.0 keV) electron beam induced decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. Selective area thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl has also been demonstrated. It was found that under certain conditions, the thermal decomposition only occurred on areas where a thin iron film had been previously deposited by electron stimulated decomposition. At 125 °C, the measured thermal decomposition probability was roughly 900 times greater on the deposited iron than previously reported data show for thermal decomposition on bare silicon. Anomalously high deposition yields of 15 to 50 iron atoms per electron were measured during electron stimulated decomposition.
Attenuation of collagen‐induced arthritis in mice by treatment with vector cells engineered to secrete interleukin‐13 (1996)

The anti-inflammatory effects of the recently identified cytokine interleukin (IL)-13 on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was explored and compared to those of IL-4 using systemic administration of these cytokines via two injections of xenogeneic vector cells transfected with a plasmid construct. CIA was induced in DBA/I mice by immunization with native bovine type II collagen (CII). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts transfected with the mouse IL-13 or IL-4 genes were inoculated subcutaneously on days 10 and 25 post-priming with CII and mice were monitored for signs of arthritis by observers unaware of the status of the animal. Incidence and severity of CIA were significantly reduced in the groups of mice treated with IL-13 and IL-4 gene-transfected CHO cells compared to control groups receiving nontransfected cells. Expression of various cytokines in spleen cells from individual mice was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at different times after immunization. Our data show that IL-13-induced suppression of CIA coincided with a decreased TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the spleen of treated animals. This may explain at least partially the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-13 in CIA. Thus, our results may have important implications for the clinical use of T helper (Th)1/TH2 modulatory cytokines as therapeutic agents in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Anticancer effect obtained against MCA205 sarcoma following treatment with the oncolytic peptide LTX-315 in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2015)

Meeting abstracts Host defense peptides (HDPs) are naturally occurring molecules found in most eukaryotic species, in which they play a significant role in the first line of defense against pathogens. Several HDPs have shown to possess anticancer activity. Structure-anti-cancer activity
Improved Attacks on Full GOST. (2011)

Abstract. GOST is a well known block cipher which was developed in the Soviet Union during the 1970’s as an alternative to the US-developed DES. In spite of considerable cryptanalytic effort, until very recently there were no published single key attacks against its full 32-round version which were faster than the 2 256 time complexity of exhaustive search. In February 2011, Isobe used in a novel way the previously discovered reflection property in order to develop the first such attack, which requires 2 32 data, 2 64 memory and 2 224 time. Shortly afterwards, Courtois and Misztal used a different technique to attack the full GOST using 2 64 data, 2 64 memory and 2 226 time. In this paper we introduce a new fixed point property and a better way to attack 8-round GOST in order to find improved attacks on full GOST: Given 2 32 data we can reduce the memory complexity from an impractical 2 64 to a practical 2 36 without changing the 2 224 time complexity, and given 2 64 data we can simultaneously reduce the time complexity to 2 192 and the memory complexity to 2 36.
Improved Steam Turbine Leakage Control With A Brush Seal Design. (2001)

is a Lead Applications Engineer with GE Energy Services in Atlanta, Georgia.He has worked in the steam turbine industry for the past six
Practical realizations of high efficiency switched mode power amplifiers (2008)

High efficiency switch-mode power amplifiers based on class E, F-1 and current-mode class-D are studied and designed utilizing same LDMOS devices. The possibilities of applying load modulation techniques as an efficient way to modulate the output power is also investigated.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of coral fluorescent proteins (2007)

Corals, like many other coelenterates, contain fluorescent pigments that show considerable homology with the well known green fluorescent protein of the jellyfish Aequoria. In corals, unlike jellyfish, multiple proteins are present and the range of excitations and emissions suggest the possibility of energy transfer. The occurrence of Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent proteins in corals has already been reported and time-resolved spectra have shown the effect on fluorescent lifetime, but without any spatial resolution. Lifetime confocal microscopy offers lower time resolution but excellent spatial resolution. Lifetimes of the isolated A. millepora pigments amilFP490, amilFP504, and amilFP593 (names indicate emission peaks) were 2.8, 2.9, and 2.9 ns, respectively. In the coral sample, imaging the entire emission spectrum from 420 nm, the mean lifetime was reduced to 1.5 ns, implying that FRET was occurring. Looking just at the fluorescence from FRET donors the lifetime was even shorter, at 1.3 ns, supporting this interpretation. In contrast, no reduction in lifetime is seen in the coral Euphyllia ancora, where the pigment distribution also suggests that the pigments are unlikely to be involved in photoprotection. This study set out to determine the extent of FRET between pigments in two corals, Acropora millepora and Euphyllia, ancora which differ in the arrangement of their pigments and hence possibly in pigment function.
Technical and economical evaluation of storage systems in naval applications (2013)

In recent years the always increasing demand for storage action lead to the development of many different storage technologies. The choice of the most suitable technology for realizing a storage unit is, obviously, dependent on the peculiarities of the application. Anyway, the problem of a correct choice, at present, has never been analyzed from a rigorous point of view. In this paper a method for comparing the different storage technologies in function of the load cycle is proposed. Moreover, three case studies are analyzed. The obtained results show how, passing from power oriented applications to energy oriented applications, the cost and mass of the different technologies change according with their performances and utilization conditions.
Magnetocaloric refrigeration using fully solid state working medium (2023)

A magnetocaloric cooling system comprising a solid body or bodies, such as a cylinder or cube, having a plurality of channels extending between a first end and a second end of the cylinder or cube and a magnet at least partially surrounding the cylinder or cube. A metallic mass, such as a rod or plate, is positioned within each channel and slides within a respective channel between two sliding extremities so that in each sliding extremity, a portion of each metallic mass extends beyond an end of the solid body. A motor is used for reciprocating the metallic masses between the sliding extremities and a heat exchange mechanism directs heating or cooling where desired.
Electrically based microstructural characterization II : symposium held December 1-4, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1998)

This book provides a forum for researchers who have been using a variety of electrical measurements as a means to obtain microstructural information about their materials. Microstructure in this context includes features at all length scales - atomic to macroscopic. Even though numerous examples of microstructure/electrical property correlations exist, this book focuses on the myriad of applications that have already been successful. In addition, advances in techniques for the interpretation of data and modelling of materials-related phenomena are emphasized. The effects of percolation and connectivity of electrical paths are of particular interest as they determine the resultant electrical response. These in turn are intimately linked to how a material is processed, what phases it contains, and how the phases are distributed in real space. All classes of materials are covered including semiconductors, electroceramics, biological materials, polymers, metals, geomaterials and a variety of composites. Topics include: advances in localized electrical testing; semiconductor and microelectronic applications; magnetic and polymeric materials; dielectrics and ferroelectrics; varistors; ionic and mixed conductors and composites and percolation systems.
SU‐C‐211‐03: Using OVH and IMRT Plan Data to Automate VMAT Planning: A Head‐And‐Neck Study (2012)

Purpose: Although VMAT is widely used, VMAT planning faces challenges similar to those of IMRT planning, particularly with respect to planning efficiency and plan quality. The study is to investigate whether VMAT planning efficiency and quality can be improved through an overlap volume histogram (OVH)‐driven, automated planning application using an IMRT database. Methods: Based on comparable dosimetric results between planner‐generated head‐and‐neck VMAT and IMRT plans, an in‐house developed OVH‐driven, automated planning application containing a database of 182 prior clinical head‐and‐neck IMRT plans manually created by dosimetrists is built into Pinnacle SmartArc to automate VMAT planning on an Elekta Infinity Linac. The only required inputs to the application are the contours of the CTVs and OARs delineated on a patient's planning CT. All the planning tasks are fully automatically executed by the application without any user intervention. Double arcs, 2 degree sampling frequency of gantry, 180 s/arc maximum delivery time, 45 degree collimator angle and 0.25 cm/deg constrain leaf motion are used in VMAT planning. VMAT plans of 4 oropharynx, 4 nasopharynx and 4 larynx patients are fully automatically generated and compared with corresponding clinical IMRT plans in the database. Efficiency is evaluated by the number of optimization rounds required for a complete plan. Results: All VMAT plans are automatically generated in two optimization rounds, while the average optimization rounds in clinical IMRT oropharynx, larynx and nasopharynx planning are 28, 36 and 67 respectively. In VMAT plans, significant dose reductions (p&lt;0.05) to the cord+4mm (D0.1cc: 3.7 Gy), brainstem (DO.1cc: 4.9 Gy), brachial plexus (D0.1cc: 1.6 Gy), larynx (V(50 Gy): 5.3%) and inner ear (mean dose: 4.4 Gy) with a slight degradation in low‐level PTV coverage (V95: 0.3%; p=0.25) are observed. Conclusions: IMRT‐data‐ driven VMAT planning is an efficient and effective way to automate VMAT planning.
On the optimal multi-zone configuration for the position-guided sliding-window routing (PSR) protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks (2002)

The position-guided sliding-window routing (PSR) protocol is a scalable single-tier routing protocol designed for operation in mobile ad hoc networking environments. Previous work has demonstrated that the PSR protocol possesses the scalability property and provides for very efficient routing thus being an extremely attractive solution for large scale ad hoc networks. PSR is based on is the superposition of link-state forwarding for local destinations and position-based forwarding for remote destinations, and the underlying principle behind its development is to reduce the network routing overhead by making the accuracy of the routing information in each node inversely proportional to its distance from any other node in the network. The use of multiple zones provides a method of implementing that principle in a discrete way. By selecting appropriately the number of zones and the corresponding radii of the zones our approach intends to control the routing overhead generation and propagation by making the overhead generation rate and propagation distance directly proportional to the amount of change in a node's geographic position. This paper investigates the dependence of the optimum zone configuration (i.e. number of zones and corresponding radii) on network configuration and node behavior (i.e. mobility), in order to evaluate the protocol's sensitivity to those parameters and provide guidelines for determining the optimal zone configuration for efficient operation of the PSR protocol.
Incomplete elimination of precursor ligands during atomic layer deposition of zinc-oxide, tin-oxide, and zinc-tin-oxide (2016)

For atomic layer deposition (ALD) of doped, ternary, and quaternary materials achieved by combining multiple binary ALD processes, it is often difficult to correlate the material properties and growth characteristics with the process parameters due to a limited understanding of the underlying surface chemistry. In this work, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed during ALD of zinc-oxide, tin-oxide, and zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) with the precursors diethylzinc (DEZ), tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn), and H<sub>2</sub>O. The main aim was to investigate the molecular basis for the nucleation delay during ALD of ZTO, observed when ZnO ALD is carried out after SnO<sub>2</sub> ALD. Gas-phase FTIR spectroscopy showed that dimethylamine, the main reaction product of the SnO<sub>2</sub> ALD process, is released not only during SnO<sub>2</sub> ALD but also when depositing ZnO after SnO<sub>2</sub>, indicating incomplete removal of the ligands of the TDMASn precursor from the surface. Transmission FTIR spectroscopy performed during ALD on SiO<sub>2</sub> powder revealed that a significant fraction of the ligands persist during both SnO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO ALD. These observations provide experimental evidence for a recently proposed mechanism, based on theoretical calculations, suggesting that the elimination of precursor ligands is often not complete. In addition, it was found that the removal of precursor ligands by H<sub>2</sub>O exposure is even less effective when ZnO ALD is carried out after SnO<sub>2</sub> ALD, which likely causes the nucleation delay in ZnO ALD during the deposition of ZTO. The underlying mechanisms and the consequences of the incomplete elimination of precursor ligands are discussed.
Advanced Single Flux Quantum Devices (1999)

Abstract : The goal of the present effort is the further development of ultrafast Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum(RSFQ) devices and circuits based on the storage, transfer, and processing of digital bits encoded by single quanta of magnetic flux. This approach offers several key advantages over other possible digital superconductor technologies, most importantly an extremely high operation speed and extremely low power consumption.