gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fully Integrated 4$\times$ 10-Gb/s DWDM Optoelectronic Transceiver Implemented in a Standard 0.13 $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS SOI Technology (2007)

Optical and electronic building blocks required for DWDM transceivers have been integrated in a 0.13 mum CMOS SOI technology. Using these building blocks, a 4 x 10-Gb/s single-chip DWDM optoelectronic transceiver with 200 GHz channel spacing has been demonstrated. The DWDM transceiver demonstrates an unprecedented level of optoelectronic system integration, bringing all required optical and electronic transceiver functions together on a single SOI substrate. An aggregate data rate of 40 Gb/s was achieved over a single fiber, with a BER of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> and a power consumption of 3.5 W.
Modeling Multi-hop Question Answering as Single Sequence Prediction (2022)

Fusion-in-decoder (FID) (Izacard and Grave, 2021) is a generative question answering (QA) model that leverages passage retrieval with a pre-trained transformer and pushed the state of the art on single-hop QA. However, the complexity of multi-hop QA hinders the effectiveness of the generative QA approach. In this work, we propose a simple generative approach (PATHFID) that extends the task beyond just answer generation by explicitly modeling the reasoning process to resolve the answer for multihop questions. By linearizing the hierarchical reasoning path of supporting passages, their key sentences, and finally the factoid answer, we cast the problem as a single sequence prediction task. To facilitate complex reasoning with multiple clues, we further extend the unified flat representation of multiple input documents by encoding cross-passage interactions. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that PATHFID leads to strong performance gains on two multihop QA datasets: HotpotQA and IIRC. Besides the performance gains, PATHFID is more interpretable, which in turn yields answers that are more faithfully grounded to the supporting passages and facts compared to the baseline FID model.
Optimal Burnable Poison-Loading in a PWR with Carbon Coated Particle Fuel (2003)

An innovative PWR concept that uses carbon-coated particle fuels moderated by graphite as that of HTGR but cooled by pressurized light water has been studied. The aim of this concept is to take both the best advantages of fuel integrity against fission products release and the reliability of PWR technology based on the long operational experience. The purpose of the study is to optimize loading pattern of burnable poison in the proposed core in order to suppress excess reactivity during a cycle. Although there are many parameters to be determined for optimization of the usage of burnable poison, the emphasis is put here on loading patterns of Gadolinia in an assembly and in the core. We investigated the burnup characteristics of the core varying the concentration of burnable poison in a fuel rod, the number of burnable poison-rods in an assembly, and the number of burnable poison-assemblies in the core. The result suggested that Gadolinia was more suitable for this reactor than boron as burnable poison, and it was possible to make the reactivity swing negligible by combining at least three kinds of burnable poison-assemblies in which the amount of Gadolinia was different. Therefore the requirement for the number of control rods was reduced and it meant that Control Rod Programming would become easier.
A comparative experimental study of the hygroscopic and mechanical behaviors of electrospun nanofiber membranes and solution‐cast films of polybenzimidazole (2020)

Abstract This article reports a comparative experimental study of the hygroscopic and mechanical behaviors of electrospun polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiber membranes and solution‐cast PBI films. As‐electrospun nonwoven PBI nanofiber mats (with the nanofiber diameter of ~250 nm) were heat‐pressed under controlled temperature, pressure and duration for the study; lab‐made solution‐cast PBI films and commercially available PBI films (the PBI Performance Product Inc., Charlotte, NC) were used as the control samples. Thermogravimetric and microtensile tests were utilized to characterize the hygroscopic (moisture absorption) and mechanical properties of the PBI nanofiber membranes at varying heat‐pressing conditions, which were further compared to those of solution‐cast PBI films. Experimental results indicated that the PBI nanofiber membranes carried slightly higher thermal stability and less hygroscopic properties than those of solution‐cast PBI films. In addition, heat‐pressing conditions significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the resulting PBI nanofiber membranes. The stiffness and tensile strength increase with increasing either the heat‐pressing pressure or duration, and relevant mechanisms were explored. The present study provides a rational understanding of the hygroscopic and mechanical behaviors of electrospun PBI nanofiber membranes and solution‐cast PBI films that are beneficial to their reliable cutting‐edge applications in high‐temperature filtration, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), etc.
Structural Study of Sulfur-Added Carbon Nanohorns (2022)

In the past few decades, nanostructured carbons (NCs) have been investigated for their interesting properties, which are attractive for a wide range of applications in electronic devices, energy systems, sensors, and support materials. One approach to improving the properties of NCs is to dope them with various heteroatoms. This work describes the synthesis and study of sulfur-added carbon nanohorns (S-CNH). Synthesis of S-CNH was carried out by modified chemical vapor deposition (m-CVD) using toluene and thiophene as carbon and sulfur sources, respectively. Some parameters such as the temperature of synthesis and carrier gas flow rates were modified to determine their effect on the properties of S-CNH. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of hollow horn-type carbon nanostructures with lengths between 1 to 3 µm and, diameters that are in the range of 50 to 200 nm. Two types of carbon layers were observed, with rough outer layers and smooth inner layers. The surface textural properties are attributed to the defects induced by the sulfur intercalated into the lattice or bonded with the carbon. The XRD patterns and X-ray microanalysis studies show that iron serves as the seed for carbon nanohorn growth and iron sulfide is formed during synthesis.
Supplementary Movie S2. from Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling Drives Breast Cancer Cell Escape from Natural Killer–Mediated Cytotoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Typical actin cytoskeleton organization observed in most NK cell-conjugated MCF-7 cells. The cell conjugate was acquired on a LSM880 laser scanning confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss) with Airyscan in the high-resolution mode, and the 3D projection was assembled and animated using Zeiss Zen Software. Then NK cell was stained in red (PKH26) whereas the LifeAct-mEGFP-expressing tumour cell appears in green.&lt;/p&gt;
The Relationship between High Fluoride Intake and Nephrolithiasis (2008)

Background and Aims: One poorly studied factor that probably has a significant influence on the development of calcium oxalate renal calculi is the presence of urinary het-erogeneous nucleants, since the urine of all individuals is per-manently supersaturated with calcium oxalate. In this study we investigated and evaluated the role of calcium fluoride (CaF2) as seed crystals for the induction of calcium oxalate urolith development. Materials and Methods: Induction of calcium oxalate urolith development in the presence of CaF2 seed crystals was studied using batch crystallizers and flow systems in the presence of both fluoride ions and CaF2 seed crystals. The effects of diverse crystallization inhibitors were also evaluated. Results: The results suggest that the forma-tion of CaF2 crystals in urine, even considering the excretion of high amounts of fluoride ions, is very unlikely. Nevertheless, when formed, CaF2 crystals acted as heterogeneous nucleants of calcium oxalate crystals. This effect was delayed in the presence of the crystallization inhibitors phytate and pyrophosphate at concentrations similar to those normally found in urine. Citrate, chondroitin sulfate and pentosan polysulfate were not inhibitory. Conclusion: High urinary fluoride levels alone do not cause calcium oxalate stone development; other factors must also exist, such as retention of CaF2 crystals and deficit of crystallization inhibitors.
MIMO in wireless WAN &#x2014; the UMB system (2008)

Theoretically, MIMO offers significant capacity benefits, but realizing these gains in deployed wireless systems remains a very challenging problem. MIMO has been used in wireless LAN systems with great success. However, due to the hugely varying spatial profiles and velocity patterns of the access terminals, integrating MIMO techniques in a wireless WAN system has been a difficult design problem. This paper introduces the design paradigms of ultra-mobile broadband, which is poised to become the successor of EVDO as the next generation of high speed wireless system. UMB allows the use of MIMO in various forms to suit the deployment scenario, and elicit as much gain as possible.
The Instrument Set for Generating Fast Adiabatic Passage (2012)

The design and construction of a high-performance, low-cost, and easy to assemble adiabatic extension set for homebuilt and commercial spectrometers is described. Described apparatus set was designed for the fast adiabatic passage generation and is based on direct digital synthesizer DDS. This solution gives generator high signal to noise ratio, phase stability even during frequency change which is only possible in expansive commercial high-end hardware. Critical synchronization and timing issues are considered and solutions are discussed. Different experimental conditions and techniques for the measurements are briefly discussed. The proposed system is very flexible and might be used for the measurement of low-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance.
Integrating Remote Sensing Data in Decision Support Systems for Transportation Asset Management (2018)

The objective of the research summarized in this manuscript is two-fold: to develop and make available a set of novel analysis tools, fully integrated in ArcGIS, that leverages the rich information provided by satellite-based remote sensing data to detect and characterize geohazards of interest to the transportation community; and to provide a modern web-based decision support system (DSS) in which these novel analysis products can be seamlessly integrated with existing datasets. Specifically, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and its derivatives are employed in this work. Each tool is designed to target a specific asset of interest to the transportation community: sinkhole detection, bridge differential settlement detection, slope stability assessment, and pavement distress evaluation. Furthermore, to allow interested parties to test the introduction of remote sensing data into their decision-making process without requiring the full integration with existing workflows, a modern web-based DSS is introduced. Thanks to the large coverage and the high update frequencies offered by satellite-based remote sensing data, datasets augmented with these new products can offer a near real-time overview of the network status and lead to better support in decisions about resources allocation, existing infrastructure monitoring, new infrastructure planning, and post-construction assessment.
Effective Wetting and Dewetting of a Superhydrophobic Surface Under Dynamic Thermal Conditions (2009)

In this paper the interfacial characteristics of a liquid flowing over a 1cm2 array of hydrophobic cylindrical micropillars located within a microchannel are investigated. The microchannel was 12mm wide and 32mm long with an average channel height of approximately 83μm. Hydrophobic coating of the channel was achieved via a controlled flow of a trichlorosilane and ethanol solution. A method to remove lodged gas bubbles from a microchannel was successfully demonstrated, while maintaining the favorable Cassie-Baxter wetting state (gas/vapor layer present) of the micropillar structures. This was achieved using degassed water to dissolve low-curvature gas bubbles, while ohmically heating the silicon substrate to reassert and maintain the Cassie-Baxter wetting state of the hydrophobic micropillars. During this experimentation it was discovered that the part wetting and dewetting of a superhydrophobic (SH) surface within a microchannel could be achieved using similar methods. The onset of surface wetting (Wenzel wetting state) was achieved by pumping degassed water through the microchannel. Surface dewetting was then accomplished through substrate heating by the increase in the trapped gas layer pressure, the water vapor pressure and outgassing from the lightly degassed fluid. These reactions force the gas/vapor layer to expand laterally throughout the micropillar array, thus restoring the Cassie-Baxter wetting state. The reported results demonstrate a low-power method for effectively reversing the Wenzel wetting state of a SH surface under microchannel flow conditions and may prove to be a useful technique for manipulating fluid flow within microfluidic devices.
An Ethanol Extract of Hawaiian Turmeric: Extensive In Vitro Anticancer Activity Against Human Colon Cancer Cells. (2015)

These data suggest a potential therapeutic activity for TEx against human colon cancer, most likely due to the enhanced bioavailability of the turmeric.
Stroke Medical Ontology for Supporting AI-based Stroke Prediction System using Bio-Signals (2021)

In this paper, we propose a stroke medical ontology that provides medical knowledge to accompany AI-based stroke disease prediction system's results that were arrived at based on EMG information. This system was developed as a result of the limitations mentioned above being encountered in previous studies. We approached the problem from a viewpoint of knowledge engineering with the aim of modeling medical knowledge related to strokes. Using web ontology language (OWL), a standard ontology language, we developed schema-level stroke ontologies with concepts and properties based on the brain's anatomical structures, lesions, and disease related to strokes. Also, we developed an instance-level medical terms ontology that can span standard medical terms such as those in the international classification diseases (ICD), systematized nomenclature of medicine - clinical terms (SNOMED-CT), and foundational model of anatomy (FMA). The above schema ontology and instance ontology are meaningfully mapped to each other to apply layered ontology modeling techniques that separate schemas from instances. Through semantic web rule language (SWRL)-based inference, we predict lesions, diseases, and anatomical brain structural ripple effects based on the patient's current lesions and diseases. The inferred knowledge information is provided via the SPARQL protocol and RDF query language (SPARQL), a standard ontology query language. To verify the stroke medical ontology proposed in this paper, we developed an ontology-based stroke disease prediction system. This system achieved knowledge augmentation performance of 67.82% by comparing the patients' current lesions and diseases with the lesions, diseases, and areas of disability found by SWRL-based inference using actual stroke emergency data from 37 patients.
Magnetically reconfigurable pixelated antenna (2019)

Abstract In this article, a total of 70 movable nickel (Ni) patches are monolithically integrated with fixed copper (Cu) elements to form a reconfigurable patch antenna. The Ni patches are magnetically actuated by means of an array of permanent magnets (PM) placed behind the ground plane of the antenna. The Ni patches establish low resistance mechanical contact between two fixed Cu patches due to the high contact force generated by the PM. Since the Ni patch is itself part of the radiating element, this approach eliminates the need to insert an external switch on the antenna plane. The PMs, which could be replaced by electronically controlled PMs, are placed behind the ground plane, therefore eliminating losses associated with bias lines generally used in pixelated antennas. The 70 movable element pixelated antenna is capable of reconfiguration in frequency, bandwidth, polarization, and beam steering. Herein, we demonstrate frequency and bandwidth reconfiguration.
Characterization and localization of antigens for serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis (2021)

Abstract Paragonimiasis is a foodborne trematode infection that affects 23 million people, mainly in Asia. Lung fluke infections lead frequently to chronic cough with fever and hemoptysis, and are often confused with lung cancer or tuberculosis. Paragonimiasis can be efficiently treated with praziquantel, but diagnosis is often delayed, and patients are frequently treated for other conditions. To improve diagnosis, we selected five Paragonimus kellicotti proteins based on transcriptional abundance, recognition by patient sera, and conservation among trematodes and expressed them as His-fusion proteins in Escherichia coli . Sequences for these proteins have 76–99% identity with amino acid sequences for orthologs in the genomes of Paragonimus westermani , Paragonimus heterotremus , and Paragonimus miyazakii . Immunohistology studies showed that antibodies raised to four recombinant proteins bound to the tegument of adult P. kellicotti worms, at the parasite host interface. Only a known egg antigen was absent from the tegument but present in developing and mature eggs. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of these antigens by Western blot with sera from patients with paragonimiasis (from MO and the Philippines), fascioliasis, and schistosomiasis, and with sera from healthy North American controls. Two recombinant proteins (a cysteine protease and a myoglobin) showed the highest sensitivity and specificity as diagnostic antigens, and they detected antibodies in sera from paragonimiasis patients with early or mature infections. In contrast, antibodies to egg yolk ferritin appeared to be specific marker for patients with adult fluke infections that produce eggs. Our study has identified and localized antigens that are promising for serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis.
SiC Lateral Trench JFET for Harsh-Environment Wireless Systems (2008)

SiC Lateral Trench JFET (LTJFET) technology is demonstrated as a promising candidate for use in high-temperature wireless telemetry systems. 4H-SiC LTJFETs were designed, fabricated and characterized for DC, and small-signal AC and RF performance at different case temperatures. Four-fold drain current reduction was observed at 460°C as compared to RT measurements. The measured threshold voltage shift was less than 2.3 mV/°C from 21°C to 460°C. A simple common source amplifier built using a fabricated device demonstrated stable small-signal AC performance after 100 hrs of operation at 450°C. Small-signal RF measurements were carried out on the packaged devices at different temperatures. GMax above 8 dB was measured over the L-band frequency range at RT. The average degradation of small-signal power gain measured at f=250 MHz did not exceed 0.0125 dB/ °C over the temperature ranging from 21°C to 365°C.
A novel scheme for achieving quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at 752 krad/s (2012)

We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme for obtaining quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at up to 752 krad/s in fiber optic systems by using cascaded multiple fiber squeezers with each one placed in a certain orientation. Additionally, this polarization scrambler is compatible with both single-polarization and polarization-multiplexing systems. We also show that scrambled SOP with this scheme uniformly covers the whole Poincare Sphere and that the scrambling rates are mostly concentrated towards the high end of the rate distribution histogram. Such a scrambling scheme is advantageous for the deterministic characterization of performances for modern fiber optic transceivers, especially those deploying coherent detection techniques, against rapid polarization variations.
Supercoil-induced unusual DNA sturctures as transcriptional block (1990)

The transcriptional activity of pBR322 form V DNA template, a topologically unlinked, highly supercoiled molecule having unusual structures around or within coding regions was studied. Significant transcription was observed in vitro from this template despite high levels of supercoiling. An attenuated transcript, initiated accurately from the P4 promoter of rep gene, was observed which indicated pausing of E. coli RNA polymerase within the gene. This pausing could be removed by relieving the torsional stress implying that a supercoil induced structural alteration within the gene was acting as a transcriptional block. A stabilized unusual structure, most likely a cruciform, was found to be responsible for the elongation block. Absence of initiation from the tetR gene was correlated with the unusual structure present within its promoter region in form V DNA. These in vitro studies show that structural alterations within natural DNA could act as transcriptional blocks both at the level of initiation and elongation.
Two-photon detector by using superconducting transmission lines (2017)

We demonstrate a two-terminal single-photon detector array multiplexed using superconducting slow-wave transmission lines. The detector array is able to detect both photon arrival time and position, and can resolve up to two photons.
Field experiments on closed loop mode transmit diversity in W-CDMA forward link (2002)

This paper experimentally investigated the bit error rate (BER) performance using closed loop (CL) mode transmit diversity, which was discussed in ongoing standardization of the third generation partnership project (3GPP) for the application of dedicated physical channels (DPCHs) in the forward link of wideband direct sequence code division multiple access (W-CDMA). We evaluated three CL modes using weighting factors W/sub 1,n/=A/sub 1,u/e/sup j/spl phi/1*/ and W/sub 2,n/=A/sub 1,n/e/sup j/spl phi/2*/ that are calculated according to feedback information (FBI) bits sent via the reverse link: Mode 1=:/spl phi//sub 1,n/=0, /spl phi//sub 2,n/=(/spl plusmn//spl pi//4/spl plusmn/3/spl pi//4), A/sub 1,n/=A/sub 2,n/=/spl radic/(1/2), Mode 2:/spl phi//sub 1,n/=0, /spl phi//sub 2,n/=(0,/spl pi/), A/sub 1,n/=A/sub 2,n/=/spl radic/(1/2), Mode 3: /spl phi//sub 1,n/=/spl phi//sub 2,n/=0, (A/sub 1/,A/sub 2,n/)=((1,0),(0,1)). The laboratory experimental results clarified that the received timing difference of transmitted signals from two antennas should be smaller than approximately 1/4 chip duration in order to limit the loss of transmit power to within 0.3 dB. It was also clarified that the total required transmit power for achieving the average BER of 10/sup 3/ was increased as the fading correlation between two antennas becomes larger due to the decreased diversity effect in a slow fading environment such as when the maximum Doppler frequency f/sub D/=5 Hz. However, it was increased as the fading correlation becomes small, in a fast fading environment above approximately f/sub D/=160 Hz because the combined signal power was decreased since the phase difference of the two received signals increased due to the tracking inability of the CL control. The field experimental results showed that when FBI bit errors occur in a fast transmit power of a DPCH without antenna diversity reception at a mobile station was decreased by approximately 1-2 dB compared to the case without transmit diversity, while this improvement decreased to approximately 0.5 dB with antenna diversity reception.