gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic linkage but independent expression of functional HSV-1 tk and mammalian aprt genes after cotransfer to L cells (1985)

DNA-mediated gene transformation of mouse Ltk-aprt-hprt-cells was used to obtain stable, doubly selected transformants simultaneously expressing herpes virus thymidine kinase (TK) and mammalian adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT). Cotransformants occurred at a frequency of 5 X 10(-6), a similar frequency for the transfer of the aprt marker has been previously observed. Isozyme and Southern blot analysis show that the TK and APRT expressed in these transformants resulted from gene transfer. For one stable cotransformant, [3H]thymidine [( 3H]TdR) selection against TK activity resulted in the loss of APRT activity as well, suggesting that these genes had become genetically linked together. Similarly selection against APRT expression resulted in the loss of a subset of the transferred herpes simplex virus tk genes. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) selected TK- variants differed from [3H]TdR selected TK- variants, in that they retained tk genes. However, BUdR-selected variants expressed full levels of APRT. Therefore, even though the transferred tk and aprt genes had become genetically linked together, they were, in this case, independently expressed since these cells were phenotypically TK- and APRT+.
Lecithin Microemulsions in Dimethyl Ether and Propane for the Generation of Pharmaceutical Aerosols Containing Polar Solutes (2002)

Water soluble compounds have been incorporated into solution phase metered dose inhalers (MDIs) utilizing lecithin inverse microemulsions in dimethyl ether (DME) and propane. DME and propane acted as both solvent and propellant. Experiments utilizing model propellants (dimethylethyleneglycol (DMEG) and hexane) were used to investigate microemulsion physicochemical phenomena, and the results were used to design and interpret the technically more challenging MDI experiments. NMR and viscosity experiments with model propellants were consistent with a "sphere-to-string" micellar shape change as the solvent was varied from pure DMEG to pure hexane. Water soluble solutes, including selected peptides and fluorescently labeled poly-alpha, beta-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl) D,L-aspartamide] (fPHEAs), dissolved in DME/propane dependent on lecithin and water content. MDIs containing microemulsions generated aerosols with mass median aerodynamic values ranging from 2.7 to 3.1 microns, within the range of commercially available formulations. Fine particle fraction values (50-70%) exceeded those of commercial formulations. fPHEA up to 18 kDa did not adversely affect the aerosol characteristics. Deposition of the aerosol onto a water surface resulted in the formation of liposomes with partially entrapped solute.
Structural Basis of the Aberrant Receptor Binding Properties of Hagfish and Lamprey Insulins (2009)

The insulin from the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) has been one of the most studied insulins from both a structural and a biological viewpoint; however, some aspects of its biology remain controversial, and there has been no satisfying structural explanation for its low biological potency. We have re-examined the receptor binding kinetics, as well as the metabolic and mitogenic properties, of this phylogenetically ancient insulin, as well as that from another extant representative of the ancient chordates, the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). Both insulins share unusual binding kinetics and biological properties with insulin analogues that have single mutations at residues that contribute to the hexamerization surface. We propose and demonstrate by reciprocal amino acid substitutions between hagfish and human insulins that the reduced biological activity of hagfish insulin results from unfavorable substitutions, namely, A10 (Ile to Arg), B4 (Glu to Gly), B13 (Glu to Asn), and B21 (Glu to Val). We likewise suggest that the altered biological activity of lamprey insulin may reflect substitutions at A10 (Ile to Lys), B4 (Glu to Thr), and B17 (Leu to Val). The substitution of Asp at residue B10 in hagfish insulin and of His at residue A8 in both hagfish and lamprey insulins may help compensate for unfavorable changes in other regions of the molecules. The data support the concept that the set of unusual properties of insulins bearing certain mutations in the hexamerization surface may reflect those of the insulins evolutionarily closer to the ancestral insulin gene product.
Advanced Method for Residual Life Prediction (2019)

Under the real use environment, the damage will be caused unexpectedly at the time by various external causes. Among bearings, they may damage before reach at L10 lifetime. Thus, I wanted to know the lifetime of the individual bearings after the use. Therefore, in this experiment, I measured surface changes under the border lubrication by X-rays stress measurement and build a residual life prediction based on the provided parameter change. The test method adopted the rolling fatigue test and decided to perform X-rays stress measurement every driving time of 10 hours. In addition, I aimed at the reproduction of the surface damage under the border lubrication in a Λ level indicating the lubrication state around 0.8 as operating conditions. This is because the evaluation under the border lubrication does not exist. The experimental results show that the residual stress in the circumferential direction decreased and the residual stress in the axial direction increased. In addition, it can be confirmed that the half value decreases in both directions with the passage of time. Currently, the relationship between the number of contacts and the circumferential residual stress is considered and investigated.
Black Link versus Cutting Edge Transceivers: A Comparison for Next Generation WDM optical Networks (2016)

We compare WDM optical networks employing Black Link interfaces versus proprietary-based transceivers. Future optimal use and coexistence of both approaches is analyzed using latest conceptual and experimental achievements at 400G and beyond.
Effect of Amiodarone on Thyroid Gland in Adult Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Immunohistochemical study (2022)

Background: Amiodarone (AMD) is a benzofuran derivative, used in the management of angina and refractory ventricular arrhythmia. AMD may lead to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, depending on the daily dietary allowance of iodine. Aim of the Work: The aim of the current study is to investigate the structural and biochemical changes of the thyroid gland of adult male albino rats after exposure to different doses of AMD. Material and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were used in the experiment, they were divided into three groups; the Control group (Group I, N=10); AMD therapeutic dose-treated group (Group II, N=10), received AMD at a dose of 30 mg/Kg daily for 12 weeks by oral gavage; AMD toxic dose-treated group (Group III, N=10), received AMD at a dose of 60 mg/Kg daily for six weeks by oral gavage. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from rats to estimate the serum concentration of tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotrophin (TSH). The thyroid glands of all rats were removed, and specimens from the glands were prepared and processed for histological examination under a light microscope. An immunohistochemical study was conducted using Caspase III. Results: Biochemical examination revealed a highly significant increase of serum T3 and T4, with Concomitant suppression of TSH. Histopathological examination of thyroid tissues from AMD therapeutic dose group (Group II) showed marked evidence of thyrotoxicosis in the form of microcystic follicular changes and peripheral scalloping, cellular degeneration with scanty cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei appeared. These changes became more severe in AMD toxic dose group (Group III) in the form of epithelial hyperplasia with atypical nuclear features, together with thyroid tissue damage with hemorrhage and necrosis. Conclusion: Amiodarone had detrimental effects on the rat’s thyroid tissue when administered either in therapeutic or toxic doses.
Integrated skin sensitization assessment based on OECD methods (III): Adding human data to the assessment_suppl1 (2023)

Skin sensitizer potency assessment based on new approach methodologies is key to deriving a point of departure (PoD) for risk assessment. Regression models to predict a PoD based on OECD-validated in vitro tests and trained on local lymph node assay (LLNA) data were previously presented, and results from human tests were recently compiled. To integrate both data sources, the Reference Chemical Potency List (RCPL), which provides potency values (PV) for 33 chemicals integrating LLNA and human data in a structured weight-of-evidence approach, was developed. When calculating regression models vs PV or LLNA data, different weights for the input parameters were noted. As the RCPL is based on too few chemicals to train robust statistical models, the list of human data was extended to a larger set of PV (n = 139) with associated in vitro data. This database was used to retrain the regression models and to compare regression models trained vs (i) LLNA, (ii) PV or (iii) human DSA04 values. Using the PV as a target, predictive models of similar predictivity to the LLNA-based models were obtained, which mainly differ in a lesser weight of cytotoxicity and a higher weight of cell activation and reactivity parameters. Analysis of the human DSA04 dataset indicates a similar pattern but also shows that the human dataset is too small and biased to be a key dataset for potency prediction. Hence, an enlarged set of PV values appears to be a complementary tool to train predictive models next to an LLNA-only database.
The small-amplitude, continuous wave reflected field produced by a spherical source placed at the focus of an ellipsoidal reflector (1996)

Ellipsoidal reflectors are widely used in electrohydraulic lithotripters. The small-amplitude, continuous wave (cw) reflected field of a small spherical source that is placed at the first focus (f1) of an ellipsoidal reflector is investigated with both theory and experiment. This configuration is equivalent to a low-amplitude (linear regime), cw-driven lithotripter. To model the acoustic field reflected from an ellipsoidal reflector, geometrical acoustics is used to define a directivity function at the mouth of the reflector. An equivalent focused source with amplitude shading defined by the directivity function is then assumed as the boundary condition for the linear, lossless parabolic wave equation which is used to diffractively propagate the field outside the reflector. The spherical source is driven with a long tone burst at 470 kHz. The ellipsoidal reflector is made out of nickel and has a rhodium coating. The major and minor radii are 6.2 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively. Good agreement is found between experiment and theory. A useful property of ellipsoidal reflectors is that one can quickly and accurately position the source at f1 and the hydrophone at f2 by a simple iteration technique. [Work supported by NIH.]
13C NMR Study of Component Dynamics in Aroclor/Poly(vinylethylene) Mixtures (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT13C NMR Study of Component Dynamics in Aroclor/Poly(vinylethylene) MixturesK. J. McGrath and C. M. RolandCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 2982–2984Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00112a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surgeon assessment of volume preservation (SAVP) performed before or after partial nephrectomy to predict post-operative renal function. (2016)

e16065 Background: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the gold standard for small renal masses, improving renal functional outcomes by preserving functioning renal parenchyma when compared with radical nephrectomy. Recent work (J Urol 2014;191:1218-24) demonstrated that postoperative surgeon assessment of volume preservation (postop-SAVP) is a reliable approximation when compared with formal measurements obtained with 3D imaging. We hypothesize that surgeons can anticipate the volume preserved with PN based on preoperative imaging (pre-SAVP) and that pre-SAVP (like postop-SAVP) will be a reliable indicator of renal function after surgery. Methods: Data were collected from 336 patients who underwent PN for suspected renal cancer at 12 centers in the US and Europe. Surgeons documented pre-SAVP/postop-SAVP for each patient and renal function was assessed pre and postop by CKD-EPI equations. Correlations between pre-SAVP and postop-SAVP and between pre-SAVP or postop-SAVP and postop GFR were assessed with linear regression models. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between pre-SAVP and postop-SAVP with a significance cutoff of 5%. Results: Median pre-SAVP was 90% (interquartile range: 85-100%) and postop SAVP was 90% (IQR: 80-94%). Pre-SAVP and postop-SAVP were moderately correlated (R = 0.67, p < 0.0001) and were found to be “interchangeable” by Bland-Altman analysis at a 5% acceptable rate of difference (95% CI: -5.4, -3.1,). Median postop GFR was 85.3 (IQR: 68.9-97.1). Both pre-SAVP and postop-SAVP were correlated with postop GFR (R = 0.82, p < .0001; R = 0.83, p < .0001, respectively). Conclusions: Similar to postop-SAVP, pre-SAVP can be a strong indicator of functional outcome following PN. Renal function is closely linked to the volume of parenchyma preserved. Pre-SAVP can provide important and relatively accurate information for decision-making in patients considering PN. Linear regression analysis of factors associated with postoperative GFR. Estimate (Std Error) R (p-value) Age -0.94 (0.09) 0.52 ( < 0.0001) vGFR Pre-SAVP 0.98 (0.06) 0.26 ( < 0.0001) vGFR Postop SAVP 0.99 (0.04) 0.83 ( < 0.0001)
Active ESD shunt with transistor feedback to reduce latchup susceptibility or false triggering (2005)

We present an anomalous latchup failure phenomenon related to the large Nwell resistor associated with the generic RC-triggered, MOSFET-based active clamp circuit for on-chip ESD protection between VCC and VSS buses. A novel active clamp circuit with PMOS feedback technique has been proposed to reduce the IC's susceptibility to latchup during negative current injection at neighboring I/O pads or false triggering of the RC trigger circuit due to noise on the VCC power line. The effectiveness of this new active clamp circuit is confirmed by our experiment and simulation results. Optimisation of the size of the PMOS feedback transistor is also discussed in this paper.
A Flexible and Fast PyTorch Toolkit for Simulating Training and Inference on Analog Crossbar Arrays (2021)

We introduce the IBM ANALOG HARDWARE ACCELERATION KIT, a new and first of a kind open source toolkit to simulate analog crossbar arrays in a convenient fashion from within PYTORCH (freely available at https://github.com/IBM/aihwkit). The toolkit is under active development and is centered around the concept of an “analog tile” which captures the computations performed on a crossbar array. Analog tiles are building blocks that can be used to extend existing network modules with analog components and compose arbitrary artificial neural networks (ANNs) using the flexibility of the PYTORCH framework. Analog tiles can be conveniently configured to emulate a plethora of different analog hardware characteristics and their non-idealities, such as device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variations, resistive device response curves, and weight and output noise. Additionally, the toolkit makes it possible to design custom unit cell configurations and to use advanced analog optimization algorithms such as Tiki-Taka. Moreover, the backward and update behavior can be set to “ideal" to enable hardware-aware training features for chips that target inference acceleration only. To evaluate the inference accuracy of such chips over time, we provide statistical programming noise and drift models calibrated on phase-change memory hardware. Our new toolkit is fully GPU accelerated and can be used to conveniently estimate the impact of material properties and non-idealities of future analog technology on the accuracy for arbitrary ANNs.
High Strength and Ductility in Ball-Milled Titanium Powders Consolidated by High-Pressure Torsion (2010)

Pure Ti powders were subjected to ball milling and subsequently high-pressure torsion (HPT) for consolidation. It is found that a fully dense (99.9%) disc with ultrafine grained structure (~50-300 nm) was produced. The strength and ductility were well comparable to those of ball-milled Ti-6%Al-4%V powders after hot roll sintering.
A Distributed Optical Fibre Temperature Sensor – Technology and Applications (1997)

From small beginnings as simple light pipes, optical fibres have revolutionized telecommunications by providing enormous bandwidths over any required distance with negligible distortion. Other applications of fibres are now under investigation and one that shows great promise for industrial use is as a simple distributed sensor. Among the advantages are small size, light weight, freedom from electromagnetic Interference and absence of a sparking hazard. A simple fibre can replace many thousands of point sensors and their associated Wiring. A particular example is the distributed optical fibre temperature sensor which can provide spatial and temperature resolutions of ± 1m, and 1°C, respectively. A recent development of the technique, Incorporating single-mode fibres and operation at the new wavelength of 1.55 1, has extended the useful range to 30km. It has been applied to the monitoring of complex Industrial processing plant, under Water power cables, geothermal boreholes and oil wells.
Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a jet and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector (2013)

A bstract A search for new phenomena in events with a high-energy jet and large missing transverse momentum is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Four kinematic regions are explored using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb −1 . No excess of events beyond expectations from Standard Model processes is observed, and limits are set on large extra dimensions and the pair production of dark matter particles.
Use of Zonal Ultracentrifuge Systems for Biophysical Studies of Rhinoviruses (1968)

This paper reports the use of zonal ultracentrifuge techniques to conduct biophysical studies of rhinoviruses grown with WI-38 cells. Good clean-out of infectivity from rhinovirus harvests was obtained with the continuous-flow B-V and B-IX rotors. Use of the B-V rotor resulted in the successful concentration of rhinovirus infectivity and antigenicity. Additional purification was achieved by the combined use of continuous-flow centrifugation and isopycnic banding procedures. Two particle sizes were found to be associated with the virus-infected cell harvests. The infectious 22-nm particle banded in density ranges of 1.38 to 1.40 g/cm(3) in CsCl and 1.26 to 1.27 g/cm(3) in potassium citrate. The 8.0 nm capsomere was composed of 2.0 nm subunits and banded with a density of protein at 1.28 g/cm(3) in CsCl. Equivalent sedimentation coefficients of 155 or 185, depending on particle density in sucrose, were calculated from rate zonal experiments by use of the B-IV zonal rotor.
Computational Study on the Reaction Mechanism of the Key Thermal [4 + 4] Cycloaddition Reaction in the Biosynthesis of Epoxytwinol A (2006)

[reaction: see text] The key [4 + 4] cycloaddition in the biosynthesis of epoxytwinol A has been established by theoretical calculations to comprise of three processes. The first step is formation of the C8-C8' bond generating a biradical intermediate. Next, rotation about the C8-C8' bond occurs, and finally the C1-C1' bond is formed. Biradicals stabilized by conjugation and two hydrogen bonds are essential for realization of this rare thermal [4 + 4] cycloaddition.
The SNO+ experiment (2021)

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta (0) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of [130]Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for 0 decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for 0 decay is scalable: a future phase with high [130]Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region.
Effects of Carbon Content and Microstructure on Corrosion Rate of 13% Chromium Steel in Wet CO2 Environments (1998)

Effects of carbon content and microstructure on corrosion rate of 13% chromium steel were investigated in wet CO2 environments. First, corrosion rates of ferrite, martensite and tempered martensite were different from each other in 13% chromium steel. Corrosion rate of tempered martensite was the highest and that of martensite was the lowest. Second, corrosion rate of 13% chromium steel was indicated as the summation of the product of corrosion rate for each microstructure by its areal fraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu and Cu‐Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis (2016)

Abstract Review: 800 refs.