gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model based detection of hydrogen leaks in a fuel cell stack (2006)

Hydrogen leaks are potentially dangerous faults in fuel cell systems. The paper presents an approach to detect hydrogen leaks. The method is applicable during startup and shutdown as well as normal operating conditions. The method relies on simple mass balance equations but takes into account the natural leak of the stack and humidity. Hydrogen leak detection without using relative humidity sensors is specially studied. In that case, adaptive alarm thresholds are given so that false alarms due to the lack of humidity sensors are eliminated. The validity of the method is also discussed in terms of common hydrogen supply system configurations. The detection method is validated on an real fuel cell laboratory rig where leaks could be introduced in a controlled manner.
Document Image Quality Assessment with Relaying Reference to Determine Minimum Readable Resolution for Compression (2020)

Image quality assessment has been a very active research area in the field of image processing, and there have been numerous methods proposed. However, most of the existing methods focus on digital images that only or mainly contain pictures or photos taken by digital cameras. Traditional approaches evaluate an input image as a whole and try to estimate a quality score for the image, in order to give viewers an idea of how &#x201C;good&#x201D; the image looks. In this paper, we mainly focus on the quality evaluation of contents of symbols like texts, bar-codes, QR-codes, lines, and hand-writings in target images. Estimating a quality score for this kind of information can be based on whether or not it is readable by a human, or recognizable by a decoder. Moreover, we mainly study the viewing quality of the scanned document of a printed image. For this purpose, we propose a novel image quality assessment algorithm that is able to determine the readability of a scanned document or regions in a scanned document. Experimental results on some testing images demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Cost-Benefit Analysis on Deployment of Automated Highway Systems (1997)

The optimal ranges of traffic flow and capacity will be determined for selected scenarios, in which different proportions of automated and conventional traffic will operate simultaneously in an automated highway system (AHS). It is found that there will be a substantial increase in the net benefit and the traffic flow and capacity ranges when there is a higher proportion of AHS traffic. The optimal range of capacity refers to the maximum range of traffic volumes, for which there will be some net benefit, which is the difference between the total cost and the total benefit for each flow. The total cost represents the production and operating costs of the infrastructure and the expenditure borne by the user, whereas the total benefit refers to the time saving to the user. It is concluded that more AHS vehicles should be produced in order to achieve economic efficiency, improved traffic capacity, and safety in travel.
Modified β-Cyclodextrin (SBE7-β-CyD) with Viscous Vehicle Improves the Ocular Delivery and Tolerability of Pilocarpine Prodrug in Rabbits (1996)

The complexation of pilocarpine prodrug, O,O'-dipropionyl-(1,4-xylylene) bispilocarpate, with various beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) derivatives was studied by the phase solubility method. The effects of coadministered sulphobutyl ether beta-CyD (SBE7-beta-CyD) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the miotic response and eye irritation of the prodrug were investigated in pigmented rabbits. The pilocarpine prodrug formed 1:1 inclusion complexes with variably substituted sulphobutyl ether derivatives of beta-CyD (SBE4-beta-CyD and SBE7-beta-CyD), and 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with hydroxypropyl-beta-CyD (HP-beta-CyD) at pH 7-4. Coadministered SBE7-beta-CyD eliminated the eye irritation due to the pilocarpine prodrug, but also decreased the miotic response. Ocular absorption of the prodrug was improved by increasing the viscosity of prodrug/SBE7-beta-CyD solution with PVA without inducing any eye irritation. Eye irritation due to viscous prodrug/SBE7-beta-CyD solutions was comparable with isotonic NaCl solution. We conclude that administration of pilocarpine prodrug in viscous SBE7-beta-CyD solution decreases substantially eye irritation while ocular absorption is not affected.
Organic oscillator and adaptive amplifier circuits for chemical vapor sensing (2002)

Organic transistor based circuits that can be employed for chemical vapor sensing, are described. Such circuits have improved sensing characteristics in comparison with discrete transistor based sensors. Complementary ring oscillator based sensors have a stronger response to analytes such as octanol and allyl propionate compared to a single transistor. A fabrication process that combines organic semiconductor circuitry with Si is described. The design and advantages of adaptive differential amplifiers with high gain and feedback are described. Voltage gains of ∼20 allow the detection of weak odorant inputs and the adaptive feedback allows for improved background elimination.
Efficient resolution of 2-phenyl butyric acid (2003)

A series of 12 chiral amino alcohols derived from the simple and readily available amino acids, alanine, phenylalanine and phenylglycine, was tested as resolving agent for 2-aryl-alkyl carboxylic acids.Resolution of 2-phenylpropionic acid (hydratropic acid) could be achieved with only one of these agents: (S)-(-)-2-amino-1,1-bis(4-tolyl)-2-phenyl-1-ethanol, derived from phenylglycine.Resolution of 2-phenylbutyric acid was possible with all four phenylglycine derivatives and three phenylalanine derivatives of which the 4-tolyl and 4-anisyl substituted representatives showed very high efficiencies with S-values around 0.9.
Delineating the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of the SETD1B -related syndrome (2021)

ABSTRACT Pathogenic variants in SETD1B have been associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder including intellectual disability, language delay and seizures. To date, clinical features have been described for eleven patients with (likely) pathogenic SETD1B sequence variants. We perform an in-depth clinical characterization of a cohort of 36 unpublished individuals with SETD1B sequence variants, describing their molecular and phenotypic spectrum. Selected variants were functionally tested using in vitro and genome-wide methylation assays. Our data present evidence for a loss-of-function mechanism of SETD1B variants, resulting in a core clinical phenotype of global developmental delay, language delay including regression, intellectual disability, autism and other behavioral issues, and variable epilepsy phenotypes. Developmental delay appeared to precede seizure onset, suggesting SETD1B dysfunction impacts physiological neurodevelopment even in the absence of epileptic activity. Interestingly, males are significantly overrepresented and more severely affected, and we speculate that sex-linked traits could affect susceptibility to penetrance and the clinical spectrum of SETD1B variants. Finally, despite the possibility of non-redundant contributions of SETD1B and its paralogue SETD1A to epigenetic control, the clinical phenotypes of the related disorders share many similarities, indicating that elucidating shared and divergent downstream targets of both genes will help to understand the mechanism leading to the neurobehavioral phenotypes. Insights from this extensive cohort will facilitate the counseling regarding the molecular and phenotypic landscape of newly diagnosed patients with the SETD1B -related syndrome.
Regimented Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Use Reduces Emergency Department Visits for Recurrent Ischemic Priapism (2020)

Regimented phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy was an impactful treatment in managing recurrent ischemic priapism according to objective and subjective parameters. This study provides further support for the use of regimented phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor dosing as a preventive strategy for recurrent ischemic priapism.
Biodistribution and dosimetry of TRODAT-1: a technetium-99m tropane for imaging dopamine transporters. (1998)

TRODAT may be a safe and effective radiotracer for imaging dopamine transporters in the brain and the body.
Interlaboratory Precision in the Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin Using the Anti-Factor Xa-Correlated Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (2008)

Abstract Although the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) remains the most widely used method for monitoring unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy, it is affected by a number of preanalytic, analytic, and biological variables, which undermine both its accuracy and precision. In an effort to improve the accuracy and precision of laboratory monitoring of UFH, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) have issued guidelines recommending that the therapeutic range of the aPTT be defined in each laboratory through correlation with a direct measurement of heparin activity such as the factor Xa inhibition assay (anti-FXa). Whether and to what extent this approach enhances the precision of UFH monitoring has not been reported. We conducted a cross-validation study among 4 CAP-accredited coagulation laboratories to assess the interlaboratory precision of the anti-FXa-correlation method. An aPTT and anti-FXa were performed in each laboratory on plasma samples from 44 inpatients receiving UFH. Interlaboratory precision of the anti-FXa-correlation method was compared to that of the traditional 1.5–2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) method for defining the therapeutic aPTT range. Modest to poor intralaboratory correlation between the aPTT and anti-FXa was observed in each of the 4 laboratories. The coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.1962 to 0.6964. In accordance with CAP guidelines, the anti-FXa-derived therapeutic aPTT range was defined by linear regression corresponding to a range of anti-FXa activity of 0.3 – 0.7 units/ml. In each laboratory, the range defined by this method was broader than that defined using the ULN method. In 3 of the laboratories, the therapeutic range defined by the anti-FXa-correlation method extended more than 20 seconds beyond the upper limit of the therapeutic range defined by the ULN approach. Based on the laboratory-specific therapeutic ranges defined by both methods, samples were segregated into therapeutic category [i.e. below therapeutic (BT), therapeutic (T), or above therapeutic (AT)]. Using the ULN method, there was agreement among all 4 laboratories regarding the therapeutic category in 22 (50%) samples, whereas consensus was achieved in only 7 (16%) samples with the anti-FXa-correlation method. Furthermore, 3 (7%) samples were simultaneously determined to be BT and AT in different laboratories by the anti-FXa-correlation method, suggesting that the dose of UFH might be increased in one center and decreased in another for the same patient encounter. This striking discrepancy was not observed with the ULN method. In conclusion, the anti-FXa-correlation method for defining the therapeutic range of the aPTT does not enhance the interlaboratory precision of UFH laboratory monitoring and may be inferior to the ULN method in this regard. Clinical studies are needed to assess the impact of these findings on patient safety.
Ventricular fibrillation threshold of rapid short pulses (2011)

The risk of VF (ventricular fibrillation) from continuous AC utility (50/60 Hz) power has been well quantified and is reflected in accepted standards. Similarly, the required charge for a single pulse delivered during the T-wave of the ECG is also quantified. However, there are no studies that deal with the VF risk of a train of multiple short pulses such as those used in electric fences and conducted electrical weapons (CEWs). We studied 5 swine with an electrode placed through the anterior chest such that the tip was 10 mm from the epicardium. A return electrode was attached remotely to the lower abdomen. Five-second trains of 100 μs pulses at rates of 10-70 PPS (pulses per second) were delivered with gradually increasing charges until VF was induced. The VF threshold was also determined for 60 Hz AC current. As expected, the VF charge threshold decreased with increasing rates. For pulse rates between 10-30 PPS, the aggregate current (= charge • pulse rate) was constant at the VF threshold. The VF threshold in terms of AC RMS current was 7.4 ± 1.9 times the aggregate current VF threshold for the rapid short pulses. These results may have utility for setting safety standards for electric fences and for CEWs such as TASER® CEWs. This also allows for the risk assessment of CEWs by comparison to international electrical safety standards. The output of these weapons appears to be well below the VF risk limits as set by these standards.
A semiempirical SCF MO study of the interaction of odorant molecules with a biological substrate (1992)

Abstract The AM 1 semiempirical SCF MO method developed by Dewar and co‐workers has been employed to compute possible interaction processes of the odorant molecules cocaine, methyl benzoate, and benzaldehyde with the biological substrate lysine. The only process predicted as possible in each case was nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbons of each odorant by the nitrogen lone pairs on lysine. The remote amino group of lysine in each case was predicted to react with lower activation enthalpy than did the α‐amino group, a prediction consistent with preliminary experimental data from these laboratories. Although the computed activation enthalpies were high (ca. 40 kcal mol −1 ) for the gas‐phase processes, it is conceivable that such processes could occur by alternate pathways with considerably lower ctivation energies in solvated media such as exists in the presence of mucus‐containing olfactory binding protein in vertebrate olfactory reception. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Separation of a Two-Component Steroid Mixture by Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography (2004)

A method, combining laboratory scale equilibrium and elution experiments, simplified model based heuristic rules, as well as sophisticated dynamic simulation, was applied to design the separation of a two-component steroid crude mixture in a given laboratory-scale Simulated Moving Bed unit. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms of the pure components were determined by Frontal Analysis method. Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the measured isotherm data. With the knowledge of these a priori data, elution chromatograms of the pure components were measured for the identification of the hydrodynamic and kinetic parameters in the SMB columns. The process simulation was made by the new method, based on the Direct Computer Mapping of the Generic, Bi-layered Net model. The first estimations of the SMB parameters were derived by means of the Morbidelli’s triangle theory. Starting from a feasible solution, stepwise improvement of the SMB process was carried out by the detailed dynamic simulation, according to a strategy, based on the role of the design parameters. Simultaneously, laboratory-scale SMB experiments were carried out. Good agreement of the measured and calculated data was found. In the next step, the dynamic simulation has been applied for the improvement of the SMB separation (production rate, solvent consumption, recovery). In comparison with simple elution chromatographic separation method, considerable improvement of specific capacity parameters was obtained.
A Retrospective Analysis of Maternal and Child Outcomes Following an Obesity Intervention Program (2011)

Background: One of the highest risk groups for childhood obesity and associated co-morbidities in the United States are low-income Hispanic preschool children. To reduce obesity, effective interventions are being sought to improve health behaviors among high risks groups. Objectives: To evaluate a subset of data from a larger 9-month promotora facilitated obesity intervention study. The aims were to determine: 1) pre- to post-program differences in health behaviors including: (a) children's consumption of high carbohydrate beverages (HCB); and (b) maternal walking, beliefs, knowledge, self-efficacy, and relationship building regarding nutrition and physical activity; and 2) which covariates were significant for change in outcome variables. Methods: A retrospective data analysis, pre post single group design was used to analyze a subset of data from the larger study consisting of a case sample of 33 low-income, Hispanic mothers (18- to 35-year-olds) with pre-school children (3- to 5-year-olds). Differences in outcome variables for related samples between baseline and 9 months were examined using: descriptive statistics, a matched-pairs t-test, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and the chi-square test. Pearson and Spearman correlations were performed to assess relationships between covariates and outcome variables, and if regression analysis assumptions were met. A backward step-wise linear regression was run to determine covariates significant for change in health behaviors. Results: From baseline to 9 months, there was a 56% decrease in children's overall HCB consumption (soda, 100% juice, and sugary drinks); a 47% increase in water consumption; and a 58% increase in total maternal steps (Tuesday and Saturday). By 9 months, maternal beliefs were more positive about walking, knowledge increased about healthy drinks, and maternal self-efficacy improved regarding role modeling healthy behaviors. Gravida was correlated with increased Saturday steps and increased water consumption; and promotora visits were correlated with increased consumption of soda. Implications: Findings suggest a 9-month childhood obesity intervention program was effective in improving the target health behaviors for a low-income Mexican American community and identifying effective means for reducing the incidence of obesity in high risks groups. A larger randomized control trial is needed to further test the feasibility of this intervention program.
Photophysics of bis(p-N,N-dimethylamino)benzylidene acetone: Does photoinduced electron transfer occur from a twisted excited state? (1989)

Photoexcitation of the title compound (DMBA) in polar solvents leads to sequential formation of at least three excited species as detected by laser transient absorption spectroscopy: the lowest Franck–Condon singlet, a twisted singlet (P-state), and the lowest triplet states. Only the initially formed, localized singlet is emissive under our conditions. Interystem crossing to triplet occurs primarily from the twisted P-state in acetonitrile and in methanol. Photo-CIDNP and quantum yield measurements indicate that electron transfer occurs exclusively from the triplet in acetonitrile or methanol to sensitize decomposition of diphenyliodonium cation and to bleach DMBA. Analysis of the photochemistry is complicated by formation of a charge transfer complex of enhanced photolability. Using tris(trichloromethyl)-sym-triazine as the electron acceptor in hydrocarbon solvent, bleaching of DMBA again occurs, somewhat more efficiently than with the 'onium salt in polar solvent. We infer that under these conditions electron transfer occurs from the P-state. Keywords: photochemistry, fluorescence, electron transfer, TICT, chalcone.
Indoor Positioning Using Femtocells (2011)

The ability to locate oneself indoors on a map and navigate to desired areas has a wide range of applications. GPS and macro cell tower based positioning are not very effective indoors due to poor signal quality or limited accuracy in location estimation. We propose to solve this problem by deploying an indoor network of femtocells and determining the position of a 3G mobile using the downlink and uplink signals. The measurement of signals from a group of femtocells at the mobile and the measurement of the mobile's transmitted signal at group of femtocells is used for triangulation of the mobile's position. It is shown that a combination of these methods with a cleverly designed transmission schedule involving time orthogonalization of the femtocell signals can enable accurate indoor positioning.
Demonstration of Ru as the 4th ferromagnetic element at room temperature (2018)

Development of novel magnetic materials is of interest for fundamental studies and applications such as spintronics, permanent magnetics, and sensors. We report on the first experimental realization of single element ferromagnetism, since Fe, Co, and Ni, in metastable tetragonal Ru, which has been predicted. Body-centered tetragonal Ru phase is realized by use of strain via seed layer engineering. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy confirm the epitaxial mechanism to obtain tetragonal phase Ru. We observed a saturation magnetization of 148 and 160 emu cm<sup>-3</sup> at room temperature and 10 K, respectively. Control samples ensure the ferromagnetism we report on is from tetragonal Ru and not from magnetic contamination. The effect of thickness on the magnetic properties is also studied, and it is observed that increasing thickness results in strain relaxation, and thus diluting the magnetization. Anomalous Hall measurements are used to confirm its ferromagnetic behavior.
Potential Role for the RASD1 Glucocorticoid-Responsive Gene in Corticotroph Tumorigenesis (2021)

Abstract Introduction: Originally identified due to its dexamethasone inducibility in mouse corticotropinoma AtT20 cells, RASD1 is a receptor-independent activator of G-proteins, via guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. It remains unclear, however, whether, and if so, how RASD1 mediates the effects of glucocorticoids on corticotroph cells. We identified a rare germline RASD1 variant and investigated its functional effects in vitro. Methods: We screened 209 CD patients (94.3% pediatric) studied at the at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center between 1997 and 2018 by germline whole-exome sequencing (WES) only (n=157), germline and tumor WES (n=27), and/or RASD1 droplet digital PCR germline copy number variant (CNV) analysis (n=201). Corticotropinoma DNA was available in 72 patients to screen for USP8 hotspot variants by Sanger sequencing. A RASD1 variant was identified and functionally characterized. Results: We studied 119 female (56.9%) and 90 (43.1%) male CD cases, including 197 pediatric (≤18 years at disease onset) and 12 adult patients. USP8 defects were present in 19.4% (14/72) of cases. No RASD1 CNVs were found. A rare (with a minor allele frequency of 0.0022% in gnomAD v3) heterozygous germline missense RASD1 variant, c.580A&amp;gt;C, p.M194L was detected in one male sporadic case. Neither USP8 variants nor loss of heterozygosity at the RASD1 variant position were observed in the patient’s microadenoma. The wild type and p.M194L RASD1 transiently overexpressed proteins displayed similar short half-lives (&amp;lt;1 h) by cycloheximide chase in HEK293 cells, as well as cytoplasmic localization by immunocytofluorescence in AtT20 cells. A CRISPR/Cas9 Rasd1 knockout AtT20 cell line displayed reduced Pomc expression compared with the parental cell line at the mRNA level (Actb-normalized absolute quantification 5.80±0.92 vs 9.62±0.7, P=0.005). Viability of the cell lines did not differ significantly by MTT assay. Overexpression of p.M194L resulted in increased accumulation of phospho-CREB S133 (1.83±0.8 vs 1±0.2 in empty vector control, P=0.0390) as well as a non-significant increase in Pomc expression in wild type, but not in Rasd1 knockout AtT20 cells by immunoblot band densitometry. Conclusions: We found an infrequent RASD1 variant in one CD patient. Rasd1 seems to have a role within the intracellular signaling pathways controlling Pomc expression. Overexpression of the p.M194L variant caused phospho-CREB S133 activation, suggesting increased GEF activity for this variant. Interestingly, another variant at the same position, p.M194I, was found in the COSMIC database (COSS2121715) as a somatic change in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Further studies are required to better define the role of RASD1 in corticotroph physiology and its possible involvement in tumorigenesis.