gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monopulse-based THz Beam Tracking for Indoor Virtual Reality Applications (2019)

Terahertz spectrum is being researched upon to provide ultra-high throughput radio links for indoor applications, e.g., virtual reality (VR), etc. as well as outdoor applications, e.g., backhaul links, etc. This paper investigates a monopulse-based beam tracking approach for limited mobility users relying on sparse massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless channels. Owing to the sparsity, beamforming is realized using digitally-controlled radio frequency (RF) / intermediate-frequency (IF) phase shifters with constant amplitude constraint for transmit power compliance. A monopulse-based beam tracking technique, using received signal strength indi-cation (RSSI) is adopted to avoid feedback overheads for obvious reasons of efficacy and resource savings. The Matlab implementation of the beam tracking algorithm is also reported. This Matlab implementation has been kept as general purpose as possible using functions wherein the channel, beamforming codebooks, monopulse comparator, etc. can easily be updated for specific requirements and with minimum code amendments.
Nature and distribution of mucosal lesions associated with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in piglets and the role of plasmid-mediated factors (1989)

Bacterial attachment-effacement (att-eff) is emerging as an important virulence characteristic common to both enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). The contribution of the plasmid-encoded EPEC adherence factor to the production of mucosal lesions and diarrhea was investigated in gnotobiotic piglets. Bacterial att-aff in the intestinal mucosa of piglets infected with plasmid-cured EPEC strain E2348/69 (O127) was indistinguishable from that in piglets infected with the parent strain, but the distribution of lesions was different; it occurred in the small intestines of 6 of 7 piglets infected with the parent strain compared with only 2 of 11 (P = 0.006) infected with the plasmid-cured strain. Plasmid-encoded factors in EPEC and EHEC strains did not appear to contribute to bacterial competition with normal gut microflora. Of 13 strains belonging to five EPEC serogroups, O55, O142, O26, O119, and O111, 3 fulfilled the criteria for EHEC (2 O26 and 1 O111). There were three distinct patterns of bacterial association with the intestinal mucosa of infected piglets. (i) EHEC strains caused bacterial att-eff associated with extensive destruction of surface and glandular epithelia in the large intestines with little or no inflammatory response. (ii) Some EPEC strains caused severe diarrhea which correlated with the extent of bacterial att-eff in the proximal small intestine, disruption of the epithelial cell membrane, and inflammation. It is suggested that, with respect to virulent strains, this degree of involvement determines the clinical outcome. Mildly pathogenic strains (O127 and O119), in which bacterial att-eff was restricted to the distal halves of the small and large intestines, caused little or no diarrhea. In such strains, nonimmune host factors (smaller, poorly feeding, and lethargic piglets) tended to play a determining role with regard to the degree of involvement of the small intestine and hence the clinical outcome. (iii) One strain (O55) caused illness and mucosal damage which could not be accounted for by the sparse bacterial att-eff observed in the gut. Instead, bacteria penetrated into and proliferated in the lamina propria, undermining the villous tips in the small intestine. Bacterial att-eff was the most important virulence factor in most of the strains examined, but plasmid-mediated factors facilitated bacterial adhesion in the small intestine, which may explain the reduced pathogenicity of the plasmid-cured variant of strain E2348/69 for human volunteers.
Optimization of a polymer composite employing molecular mechanic simulations and artificial neural networks for a novel intravaginal bioadhesive drug delivery device (2011)

This study aimed at elucidating an optimal synergistic polymer composite for achieving a desirable molecular bioadhesivity and Matrix Erosion of a bioactive-loaded Intravaginal Bioadhesive Polymeric Device (IBPD) employing Molecular Mechanic Simulations and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Fifteen lead caplet-shaped devices were formulated by direct compression with the model bioactives zidovudine and polystyrene sulfonate. The Matrix Erosion was analyzed in simulated vaginal fluid to assess the critical integrity. Blueprinting the molecular mechanics of bioadhesion between vaginal epithelial glycoprotein (EGP), mucin (MUC) and the IBPD were performed on HyperChem 8.0.8 software (MM+ and AMBER force fields) for the quantification and characterization of correlative molecular interactions during molecular bioadhesion. Results proved that the IBPD bioadhesivity was pivoted on the conformation, orientation, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) composition that interacted with EGP and MUC present on the vaginal epithelium due to heterogeneous surface residue distributions (free energy= -46.33 kcalmol(-1)). ANN sensitivity testing as a connectionist model enabled strategic polymer selection for developing an IBPD with an optimally prolonged Matrix Erosion and superior molecular bioadhesivity (ME = 1.21-7.68%; BHN = 2.687-4.981 N/mm(2)). Molecular modeling aptly supported the EGP-MUC-PAA molecular interaction at the vaginal epithelium confirming the role of PAA in bioadhesion of the IBPD once inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina.
Phosphorylation of the Human Fhit Tumor Suppressor on Tyrosine 114 in Escherichia coli and Unexpected Steady State Kinetics of the Phosphorylated Forms (2005)

The human tumor suppressor Fhit is a homodimeric histidine triad (HIT) protein of 147 amino acids which has Ap(3)A hydrolase activity. We have recently discovered that Fhit is phosphorylated in vivo and is phosphorylated in vitro by Src kinase [Pekarsky, Y., Garrison, P. N., Palamarchuk, A., Zanesi, N., Aqeilan, R. I., Huebner, K., Barnes, L. D., and Croce, C. M. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 3775-3779]. Now we have coexpressed Fhit with the elk tyrosine kinase in Escherichia coli to generate phosphorylated forms of Fhit. Unphosphorylated Fhit, Fhit phosphorylated on one subunit, and Fhit phosphorylated on both subunits were purified to apparent homogeneity by column chromatography on anion-exchange and gel filtration resins. MALDI-TOF and HPLC-ESI tandem mass spectrometry of intact Fhit and proteolytic peptides of Fhit demonstrated that Fhit is phosphorylated on Y(114) on either one or both subunits. Monophosphorylated Fhit exhibited monophasic kinetics with K(m) and k(cat) values approximately 2- and approximately 7-fold lower, respectively, than the corresponding values for unphosphorylated Fhit. Diphosphorylated Fhit exhibited biphasic kinetics. One site had K(m) and k(cat) values approximately 2- and approximately 140-fold lower, respectively, than the corresponding values for unphosphorylated Fhit. The second site had a K(m) approximately 60-fold higher and a k(cat) approximately 6-fold lower than the corresponding values for unphosphorylated Fhit. The unexpected kinetic patterns for the phosphorylated forms suggest the system may be enzymologically novel. The decreases in the values of K(m) and k(cat) for the phosphorylated forms in comparison to those of unphosphorylated Fhit favor the formation and lifetime of the Fhit-Ap(3)A complex, which may enhance the tumor suppressor activity of Fhit.
Influence of the Linear Aromatic Density on Methylene Blue Aggregation around Polyanions Containing Sulfonate Groups (2010)

The aggregation of methylene blue around different polyelectrolytes is studied by diafiltration, UV-vis, and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Poly(sodium acrylate-co-sodium maleate) induces the formation of higher-order aggregates, showing a typical polyelectrolyte behavior dominated by long-range electrostatic interactions with the dye which are highly dependent on the ionic strength. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) presents a high dispersant ability of methylene blue, showing what we can call a typical polyaromatic-anion behavior characterized by the presence of short-range aromatic-aromatic interactions with the dye which are less dependent on the ionic strength. An intermediate behavior is found for the copolymers poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-sodium maleate) at two different comonomer compositions, related to a different probability of the polymers to form and stabilize ion pairs in hydrophobic environments. Their behavior is a function of the linear aromatic density, which is related to the comonomeric structure.
Analog ESD Library and Documents (2014)

In this chapter, electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electrical overstress (EOS) libraries and documents for an analog or mixed-signal technology are discussed. The discussion includes a plethora of items, from analog libraries, ESD library elements, CadenceTM-based parameterized cells, and Cadence-based hierarchical ESD designs to ESD cookbooks. ESD and EOS documents for technology design manual, cookbooks, checklists, and design release processes are discussed. Control programs and documents for analog ESD design will be highlighted. This includes ESD analog design “cookbooks” to assist design teams to determine the correct elements to use for a given circuit.
Edge Capping of 2D‐MXene Sheets with Polyanionic Salts To Mitigate Oxidation in Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions (2019)

MXenes have shown promise in myriad applications, such as energy storage, catalysis, EMI shielding, among many others. However, MXene oxidation in aqueous colloidal suspensions when stored in water at ambient conditions remains a challenge. It is now shown that by simply capping the edges of individual MXene flakes, Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>z</sub> and V<sub>2</sub> CT<sub>z</sub> , by polyanions such as polyphosphates, polysilicates or polyborates, it is possible to quite significantly reduce their propensity for oxidation even when held in aerated water for weeks. This breakthrough resulted from the realization that the edges of MXene sheets are positively charged. It is thus an example of selectively functionalizing the edges differently from the MXene sheet surfaces.
Measurements of complex third-order optical susceptibility in a collinear pump–probe experiment (1998)

We demonstrate simultaneous measurement of the real and the imaginary parts of third-order susceptibilities by use of a collinear pump-probe technique. This technique allows for good results and simple implementation. The signal analysis is based on the particular oscillatory signature versus the pump-probe delay allowed by the collinear configuration. Results are compared with interferometric measurements of a SF59 (Schott) glass sample.
StatSnowball (2009)

Traditional relation extraction methods require pre-specified relations and relation-specific human-tagged examples. Bootstrapping systems significantly reduce the number of training examples, but they usually apply heuristic-based methods to combine a set of strict hard rules, which limit the ability to generalize and thus generate a low recall. Furthermore, existing bootstrapping methods do not perform open information extraction (Open IE), which can identify various types of relations without requiring pre-specifications. In this paper, we propose a statistical extraction framework called Statistical Snowball (StatSnowball), which is a bootstrapping system and can perform both traditional relation extraction and Open IE.
Long Cycle Life Elevated Temperature Thin-Film Batteries Incorporating MoO[sub 3] Cathodes (2005)

thin films were examined as cathodes for elevated temperature Li thin-film batteries. All solid-state cells incorporating cathodes were found to have superior cycle life and specific capacity compared with state-of-art -based Li thin-film cells. At 150°C, the cells could be cycled at deep charge and discharge voltages from 3.5 to 1 V over thousands of cycles with no apparent long-term capacity fade, in contrast to cells which experienced severe capacity fade over a few hundred cycles at this temperature. The practical specific capacity of the cathodes, approximately , was about twice that of state-of-art cells cycled from 4.2 to 2.5 V.
Modeling transient retinal ischemia in mouse by ligation of pterygopalatine artery (2015)

Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The available therapeutic strategies have limited potential.In order to understand the pathophysiology and validating therapies for retinal ischemia, establishment of reproducible animal models is necessary.In the model discussed in this article, the pterygopalatine artery (PPA) is ligated along with the external carotid artery for 3.5 hours and thereafter allowed to reperfuse. Because PPA supplies the blood to the ophthalmic artery, the ligation of this artery causes retinal ischemia.This article describes the validation of retinal ischemia-reperfusion model in mouse through PPA ligation and its validation through fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and immunofluorescence staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a glial injury marker.In conclusion this article describes the creation of mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury which can be reproduced in a shorter time duration resulting in reduced mortality.
<title>Particle-filter-based detection schemes</title> (2002)

The problem of detecting whether or not a signal is present is often encountered. Several detection strategies lead to a likelihood ratio test against a threshold. In a simple setting explicit expressions for the likelihood can be obtained. However when the signal to be detected is generated by a nonlinear, non-Gaussian dynamical system it is in general impossible to obtain an expression for the probability of the signal under the hypothesis that it is present. Recently, so called particle filters have been proposed to solve nonlinear, non-Gaussian filtering problems. In this paper we show that the filtering solution obtained by a particle filter can be used to construct the likelihood ratio, needed to perform the likelihood ratio test for detection. Here we will show that different detection schemes can be used. These schemes have in common that they use the output of a particle filter for the purpose of detecting the possible presence of a target. Furthermore we will go into aspects that are of importance when actually building such a particle filter based detector.
CCDC 1566576: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Memory B cells and Alloantibodies Synergistically Prevent Anti-CD154-Mediated Cardiac Allograft Acceptance (141.5) (2009)

Abstract The impact of memory B cells and preformed antibody in tolerance induction has yet to be elucidated. We have developed a heart transplant model that specifically generates allospecific memory B-cells and not memory T cells. 3.83 BCR (BALB/c) knock-in mice harboring 3.83 B-cells with dual-specificity for H-2Kk and H-2Kb were used as recipients of C3H hearts. To test whether memory 3.83 B-cells could prevent tolerance induction, C3H-primed-3.83 recipients (60d post-Htx) received a 2nd heart and α-CD154(MR1). Second B/6 hearts were acutely rejected (MST 12d). To confirm the importance of memory B cells in facilitating α-CD154-resistant rejection, we transferred memory B-cells from C3H-presensitized 3.83 mice into naïve BALB/c treated with α-CD154 and rejection occurred in only half of recipients. Surprisingly, transfer of low doses of serum from C3H-presensitized 3-83 recipients could not overcome α-CD154 therapy; however, transfer of low dose serum alloAbs with memory 3-83 B cells elicited rejection in one 100% of BALB/c recipients treated with α-CD154. In conclusion, memory B cells and alloAbs synergize to induce CD40-CD40L-independent activation of allo-T cells, which prevent graft tolerance.
Discovery of Imidazo[1,5-a]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazines as a New Class of Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitiors (2010)

Novel imidazo[1,5-a]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazines have been synthesized and characterized as both potent and selective phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors. For in vitro characterization, inhibition of PDE10A mediated cAMP hydrolysis was used and a QSAR model was established to analyze substitution effects. The outcome of this analysis was complemented by the crystal structure of PDE10A in complex with compound 49. Qualitatively new interactions between inhibitor and binding site were found, contrasting with previously published crystal structures of papaverine-like inhibitors. In accordance with the known antipsychotic potential of PDE10A inhibitors, MK-801 induced stereotypy and hyperactivity in rats were reversed by selected compounds. Thus, a promising compound class has been identified for the treatment of schizophrenia that could circumvent side effects connected with current therapies.
Adaptive aggregation of Monte Carlo augmented decomposed filters for efficient group-equivariant convolutional neural network (2023)

Group-equivariant convolutional neural networks (G-CNN) heavily rely on parameter sharing to increase CNN's data efficiency and performance. However, the parameter-sharing strategy greatly increases the computational burden for each added parameter, which hampers its application to deep neural network models. In this paper, we address these problems by proposing a non-parameter-sharing approach for group equivariant neural networks. The proposed methods adaptively aggregate a diverse range of filters by a weighted sum of stochastically augmented decomposed filters. We give theoretical proof about how the group equivariance can be achieved by our methods. Our method applies to both continuous and discrete groups, where the augmentation is implemented using Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrap resampling, respectively. Our methods also serve as an efficient extension of standard CNN. The experiments show that our method outperforms parameter-sharing group equivariant networks and enhances the performance of standard CNNs in image classification and denoising tasks, by using suitable filter bases to build efficient lightweight networks. The code is available at https://github.com/ZhaoWenzhao/MCG_CNN.
Solder Sphere Transfer for Wafer Level Packaging (2018)

Solder bumps for interconnects can be applied to a wafer by various means. Common methods applied in the industry are:- Electrochemical deposition (“ECD”) - Solder printing-Individual solder ball transfer (“Solder Jetting”) - Wafer level solder ball transfer (“Sphere Transfer”)Bump size & pitch requirements, overall yield and cost will highly influence manufacturer's choice in determining the technology [1], [2], [3]. Solder sphere transfer has positioned itself as technology that bridges both the precision of electrochemical deposition with the low-cost approach of solder printing [4].This paper consists of three main sections. In the first part, we will compare solder sphere transfer with other solder technologies, especially under design consideration. The second part gives a brief explanation of tool and process characteristics of solder sphere transfer. The third part examines yield and defect data from a solder sphere transfer production process at PacTech Asia, demonstrating its robustness for mass production.
The Development of N2O Emission Factor at Killn Type Pyrolysis Melting Facility (2017)

In this study, the NSUB2/SUBO emission factor of the facility was developed by measuring the kiln type pyrolysis melting facility. This used PAS (Photoacoustic Spectroscopy) method and measured the NSUB2/SUBO emission concentration. From March 2016 to April 2016, it was measured over a total of two times and NSUB2/SUBO concentrations were measured continuously for 24 hours using a 24 hour continuous measuring instrument (LSE-4405). The measured NSUB2/SUBO emission concentration of the pyrolysis melting facility was 0.263 ppm on average and the emission concentration distribution in the range of 0.013∼0.733 ppm was obtained. Therefore, the NSUB2/SUBO emission factor of the kiln-type pyrolysis melting facility was estimated to be 0.829 gN2O/ton-Waste. As a result of comparing the NSUB2/SUBO emission factor of the thermal kiln type pyrolysis melting facility and the previous study, previous studies were about 18 times higher. It is estimated that this is due to the difference of furnace temperature, oxygen concentration and denitrification facilities. It is considered that the study of the emission factor of pyrolysis melting facility is an important factor in improving the credibility of greenhouse gas inventory in waste incineration sector.
DNA-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins (2019)

Due to their large size, charged surfaces, and environmental sensitivity, proteins do not naturally cross cell-membranes in intact form and, therefore, are difficult to deliver for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Based upon the observation that clustered oligonucleotides can naturally engage scavenger receptors that facilitate cellular transfection, nucleic acid-metal organic framework nanoparticle (MOF NP) conjugates have been designed and synthesized from NU-1000 and PCN-222/MOF-545, respectively, and phosphate-terminated oligonucleotides. They have been characterized structurally and with respect to their ability to enter mammalian cells. The MOFs act as protein hosts, and their densely functionalized, oligonucleotide-rich surfaces make them colloidally stable and ensure facile cellular entry. With insulin as a model protein, high loading and a 10-fold enhancement of cellular uptake (as compared to that of the native protein) were achieved. Importantly, this approach can be generalized to facilitate the delivery of a variety of proteins as biological probes or potential therapeutics.
Micropellets coated with Kollicoat® Smartseal 30D for taste masking in liquid oral dosage forms (2017)

The objective of this study was to develop delivery systems for taste masking based on multiparticulates coated with Kollicoat<sup>®</sup> Smartseal 30D formulated as liquid oral suspensions. Coating of particles containing bitter drugs with Kollicoat<sup>®</sup> Smartseal reduced drug leaching into aqueous medium, especially when increasing pH, therefore can be used for the formulation of liquid dosage forms. Application of an intermediate layer of ion exchange resins between drug layer and coating can further decrease drug leaching into aqueous vehicle that is beneficial in terms of taste masking. Using optimized compositions of liquid vehicles such as addition of sugar alcohols and ion exchange resin, reconstitutable or ready-to-use liquid dosage forms with micropellets can be developed with bitter taste protection after redispersion lasting longer than 3 weeks, which exceeds the usual period of application.