gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indirect adaptive routing on large scale interconnection networks (2009)

Recently proposed high-radix interconnection networks [10] require global adaptive routing to achieve optimum performance. Existing direct adaptive routing methods are slow to sense congestion remote from the source router and hence misroute many packets before such congestion is detected. This paper introduces indirect global adaptive routing (IAR) in which the adaptive routing decision uses information that is not directly available at the source router. We describe four IAR routing methods: credit round trip (CRT) [10], progressive adaptive routing (PAR), piggyback routing (PB), and reservation routing (RES). We evaluate each of these methods on the dragonfly topology under both steady-state and transient loads. Our results show that PB, PAR, and CRT all achieve good performance. PB provides the best absolute performance, with 2-7% lower latency on steady-state uniform random traffic at 70% load, while PAR provides the fastest response on transient loads. We also evaluate the implementation costs of the indirect adaptive routing methods and show that PB has the lowest implementation cost requiring <1% increase in the total storage of a typical high-radix router.
An Automatic Heart Wall Contour Extraction Method on MR Images using the Active Contour Model (1997)

In this paper, we propose a new method of extrating heart wall contours using the Active Contour Model (snakes). We use an adaptive contrast enhancing method, which made it possible to extract both inner and outer contours of the left ventricule of the heart. Experimental results showed the efficiency of this method.
Macroporous carbon coatings through carbonization of emulsion-templated poly(dicyclopentadiene) on metal substrates (2023)

Abstract In this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of thin and macroporous carbon coatings that adhere to various metal substrates such as nickel- or aluminum-based foils or meshes. The coating process is a combination of emulsion-templating and the doctor-blade method, which allows to prepare up to 350 µm thick poly(dicyclopentadiene) membranes with a polyHIPE (polymerized high internal phase emulsions) architecture. Carbonization of these poly(dicyclopentadiene) membranes directly on the metal substrates resulted in up to 30-µm-thick foamy carbon coatings that retain the highly porous architecture and flexibility. Subsequently, carbon foam-coated Ni-foils were filled with elemental sulfur by a melt diffusion technique. A macroporous carbon coating supported sulfur loadings up to 65 wt%, obtaining cathodes for galvanostatic cycling experiments in Li–S cells. The latter revealed discharge capacities higher than 800 mA h −1 according to the sulfur mass. With our approach, the final assembly of the electrodes is greatly simplified because no binders or conductive fillers are required. Graphical abstract
Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing Is Associated With 5-Year Incident Severe Hypertension (2004)

We assessed whether retinal arteriolar narrowing and structural abnormalities independently predicted 5-year incident severe (grade 2 or 3) hypertension in an older population-based cohort. The Blue Mountains Eye Study baseline (1992 to 1994) examined 3654 residents aged 49 and older in 2 postal code areas, west of Sydney. Of the 2335 participants (75.1% of survivors) who returned at the 5-year examinations, 1319 were normotensive or had mild (grade 1) hypertension at baseline. Baseline retinal photographs were graded for focal retinal vessel wall signs and vessel diameters were measured. Participants were classified as having normal, high-normal blood pressure [BP] (systolic BP 121 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 81 to 89 mm Hg), mild hypertension (systolic BP 140 to 159 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 90 to 99 mm Hg), or severe hypertension if they had a previous diagnosis of hypertension and were receiving antihypertensive medications or had systolic BP > or =160 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP > or =100 mm Hg at examination. Incident severe hypertension was defined in persons who were free of severe hypertension at baseline but classified as having severe hypertension at the 5-year examinations. Of the 1319 baseline subjects at risk, 390 (29.6%) developed severe hypertension. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, glucose, and total cholesterol, generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing at baseline was associated with increased risk of incident severe hypertension (odds ratio 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 3.9) when comparing the narrowest versus widest quintile. This association remained significant after further adjustment for baseline mean arterial BP or BP status. Our findings support the hypothesis that small vessel structural changes may precede the development of severe hypertension.
Performance Analysis of an All-Digital Acquisition Circuit (1985)

The performance analysis of a fully digital acquisition circuit for direct sequence spread-spectrum systems has been made. The disturbance is considered Gaussian but with a colored spectral density. The effects of the disturbance correlation show remarkable effects on the detection probability and on the mean acquisition time at low signal-to-noise ratios. An example of an application is reported.
Amelioration of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis by synthetic protease inhibitors. (2020)

Etude réalisée chez la souris. 2 inhibiteurs des protéases de type amidine, le bis(5-amidino-2 benzymidazolyl) méthane et le 1,2-bis(5-amidino-2 benzinidazolyl) éthane ont les effets les plus grands.
The Drosophila Tis11 Protein and Its Effects on mRNA Expression in Flies (2014)

Members of the mammalian tristetraprolin family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins can bind to certain AU-rich elements (AREs) in mRNAs, leading to their deadenylation and destabilization. Mammals express three or four members of this family, but Drosophila melanogaster and other insects appear to contain a single gene, Tis11. We found that recombinant Drosophila Tis11 protein could bind to ARE-containing RNA oligonucleotides with low nanomolar affinity. Remarkably, co-expression in mammalian cells with "target" RNAs demonstrated that Tis11 could promote destabilization of ARE-containing mRNAs and that this was partially dependent on a conserved C-terminal sequence resembling the mammalian NOT1 binding domain. Drosophila Tis11 promoted both deadenylation and decay of a target transcript in this heterologous cell system. We used chromosome deletion/duplication and P element insertion to produce two types of Tis11 deficiency in adult flies, both of which were viable and fertile. To address the hypothesis that Tis11 deficiency would lead to the abnormal accumulation of potential target transcripts, we analyzed gene expression in adult flies by deep mRNA sequencing. We identified 69 transcripts from 56 genes that were significantly up-regulated more than 1.5-fold in both types of Tis11-deficient flies. Ten of the up-regulated transcripts encoded probable proteases, but many other functional classes of proteins were represented. Many of the up-regulated transcripts contained potential binding sites for tristetraprolin family member proteins that were conserved in other Drosophila species. Tis11 is thus an ARE-binding, mRNA-destabilizing protein that may play a role in post-transcriptional gene expression in Drosophila and other insects.
Transfer and expression of the human multidrug resistance gene in mouse erythroleukemia cells (1992)

Gene therapy in humans requires the transplantation of genetically modified cells, and it is important to select only those cells capable of expressing high levels of protein from the transferred gene. Expression of the human multiple drug resistance (MDR) gene confers resistance to a variety of compounds in vitro and in vivo. To determine the feasibility of conferring recipient erythroid cells with the MDR phenotype, we have transduced mouse erythroleukemia cells (MELC) with the MDR gene in a retroviral vector. We show here that MELC clones resistant to exposure to colchicine (an MDR-responsive agent) can be isolated, and demonstrate high levels of MDR RNA and protein expression. Increasing doses of colchicine increase the level of MDR RNA and protein expression significantly. These results indicate that it is possible to transfer and express the human MDR phenotype in mouse erythroid cells by retrovirally mediated gene transfer, and that drug selection can be used to enrich or purify populations of cells containing and expressing this gene.
A Reference Governor for Overshoot Mitigation of Tracking Control Systems (2020)

This paper presents a novel reference governor scheme for overshoot mitigation in tracking control systems. Our proposed scheme, referred to as the Reference Governor with Dynamic Constraint (RG-DC), recasts the overshoot mitigation problem as a constraint management problem. The outcome of this reformulation is a dynamic Maximal Admissible Set (MAS), which varies in real-time as a function of the reference signal and the tracking output. The RG-DC employs the dynamic MAS to modify the reference signal to mitigate or, if possible, prevent overshoot. We present several properties of the dynamic MAS and the algorithms required to compute it. We also investigate the stability and recursive feasibility of the RG-DC, and present an interesting property of RG-DC regarding its effect on the governed system's frequency response. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the approach, and also highlight its limitations. This paper serves as an extension of our earlier paper on this topic.
Raman spectroscopic studies of aqueous tetramethylammonium silicate solutions (1985)

Abstract The influence of cations on aluminosilicate zeolite formation is well recognized. This Raman study showed that on a molecular level, there is a significant difference in the type of silicate species that are solubilized by tetramethylammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide at certain hydroxide ion concentrations. A cubic, cage‐like silicate species is formed in 1.0–1.4 M tetramethylammonium hydroxide, whereas no such species was formed in alkali metal hydroxide at any concentration. Band assignments for the cubic species [(CH 3 ) 4 N] 8 Si 8 O 20 are made from the Raman and infrared spectroscopic data. Elucidation of such structural effects by Raman spectroscopy can help explain the unique influence of the cation on zeolite formation.
Large Enhancement of Wavelength Conversion in Silicon Nanowaveguides via Free-Carrier Removal (2010)

We demonstrate an increase of nearly 10 dB in the efficiency of broadband wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing in silicon nanowaveguides by incorporating a p-i-n structure and applying modest voltages to remove the free carriers.
Compact non-invasive bunch length monitor ICEPIC study (2014)

A novel non-invasive, near real-time cavity detector used to monitor the bunch length and profile of photo-emitted electron bunches was simulated in ICEPIC [1] for the purpose of providing a meaningful comparison to experimental data [2] and for predicting the cavity response to a variety of bunch lengths and profiles.
DFE timing acquisition: analysis and a new approach for fast acquisition (2000)

The problem of timing acquisition in decision feedback equalization (DFE) detectors for magnetic recording channels, in particular the multi-level DFE (MDFE), is considered. We first address the issue of the optimal choice of preamble pattern for timing acquisition and show that a 6T periodic pattern (T being the bit period) is optimum for medium to high user densities. Next, we show that the MDFE timing-error detector using the 6T-pattern is near optimum for acquisition. Finally, we propose a novel threshold-based fast acquisition scheme that can eliminate false lock and effectively prevent hang up problems.
TSFZ Growth and Anisotropic Ionic Conductivity of Mg-Doped LiCoO2 Single Crystals (2023)

We have successfully grown LiCo1–xMgxO2 (x = 0.01 ∼ 0.04) single crystals using the traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) technique for the first time. Inclusion-free single crystals were obtained from 1.0 atom % Mg-doped feeds, whereas (Co, Mg)Ox inclusions segregated in the crystals were grown using feeds more than 2.0–4.0 atom % Mg. The Mg concentration of the LiCoO2 phase in the crystal grown with 1.0 atom % Mg-doped feed was determined to be 0.87 ± 0.02 atom % Mg, which suggests that the distribution coefficient of Mg into LiCoO2 is slightly lower than unity. However, the Mg concentration in the LiCoO2 phase was saturated toward about 2.1 atom % due to the solubility limit of Mg into LiCoO2, even though the Mg concentration in feeds increased up to 4.0 atom % Mg. The room temperature ionic conductivities of 1.0 atom % Mg-doped LiCoO2 single crystals along [100] and [001] were 7.2 × 10–5 and 1.1 × 10–8 S·cm–1, respectively, indicating significantly high anisotropy of about 6545. The ionic conductivity along [100] is about 18 times higher than that of undoped LiCoO2 single crystals, whereas the ionic conductivity along [001] is slightly lower than that of undoped LiCoO2 crystals. Mg doping into LiCoO2 is significantly effective in the enhancement of ionic conductivity along [100] rather than along [001]. Thus, high ionic conductivity and proper orientation of crystallographic planes may assist in increasing capacity as well as upper cutoff voltage in the next-generation solid-state Li-ion batteries.
BST-2 Expression Modulates Small CD4-Mimetic Sensitization of HIV-1-Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (2017)

Antibodies recognizing conserved CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env and able to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) have been shown to be present in sera from most HIV-1-infected individuals. These antibodies preferentially recognize Env in its CD4-bound conformation. CD4 downregulation by Nef and Vpu dramatically reduces exposure of CD4i HIV-1 Env epitopes and therefore reduce the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC mediated by HIV-positive (HIV+) sera. Importantly, this mechanism of immune evasion can be circumvented with small-molecule CD4 mimetics (CD4mc) that are able to transition Env into the CD4-bound conformation and sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC mediated by HIV+ sera. However, HIV-1 developed additional mechanisms to avoid ADCC, including Vpu-mediated BST-2 antagonism, which decreases the overall amount of Env present at the cell surface. Accordingly, BST-2 upregulation in response to alpha interferon (IFN-α) was shown to increase the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC despite the activity of Vpu. Here we show that BST-2 upregulation by IFN-β and interleukin-27 (IL-27) also increases the surface expression of Env and thus boosts the ability of CD4mc to sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC by sera from HIV-1-infected individuals.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> HIV-1 evolved sophisticated strategies to conceal Env epitopes from ADCC-mediating antibodies present in HIV+ sera. Vpu-mediated BST-2 downregulation was shown to decrease ADCC responses by limiting the amount of Env present at the cell surface. This effect of Vpu was shown to be attenuated by IFN-α treatment. Here we show that in addition to IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-27 also affect Vpu-mediated BST-2 downregulation and greatly enhance ADCC responses against HIV-1-infected cells in the presence of CD4mc. These findings may inform strategies aimed at HIV prevention and eradication.
Direct torque control of an 3L-NPC inverter-fed induction machine: A model predictive approach (2010)

Predictive direct torque control for a three-level neutral point clamped inverter is proposed. The main differences between standard direct torque control and the proposed approach are the flexibility and simple algorithm implementation, which does not require complex predefined switching tables nor logic to select among them, as standard direct torque control requires. The dynamic performance is similar between them although torque ripple is smaller using the proposed controller. Predictive torque control is sensitive to parameters variation, however the prediction uses the same information required by standard direct torque control estimator. Simulation results validate the proposed control scheme and shows a performance comparison with the standard direct torque control strategy.
Semisynthesis of a Post‐Translationally Modified Protein by Using Chemical Cleavage and Activation of an Expressed Fusion Polypeptide (2014)

Herein, we describe a new semisynthetic strategy of a post-translationally modified protein in which the middle region is glycosylated. We designed a single-plasmid coding for a fusion polypeptide, which can provide both an N-terminal α-thioester and a C-terminal cysteine peptide of a target glycoprotein by using chemical-cleavage and activation methods. The use of these resultant peptide derivatives resulted in the successful synthesis of N-glycosylated-interleukin 13.
Distributed In-Network Channel Decoding (2009)

Average log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) constitute sufficient statistics for centralized maximum-likelihood block decoding as well as for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">posteriori</i> probability evaluation which enables bit-wise (possibly iterative) decoding. By acquiring such average LLRs per sensor it becomes possible to perform these decoding tasks in a low-complexity <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">distributed</i> fashion using wireless sensor networks. At affordable communication overhead, the resultant distributed decoders rely on local message exchanges among single-hop neighboring sensors to achieve iteratively consensus on the average LLRs per sensor. Furthermore, the decoders exhibit robustness to non-ideal inter-sensor links affected by additive noise and random link failures. Pairwise error probability bounds benchmark the decoding performance as a function of the number of consensus iterations. Interestingly, simulated tests corroborating the analytical findings demonstrate that only a few consensus iterations suffice for the novel distributed decoders to approach the performance of their centralized counterparts.
Background Pressure Profiles for Sonic Boom Vehicle Testing in the NASA Glenn 8-foot by 6-foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (2013)

In an effort to identify test facilities that offer sonic boom measurement capabilities, an exploratory test program was initiated using wind tunnels at NASA research centers. The subject of this report is the sonic boom pressure rail data collected in the Glenn Research Center 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The purpose is to summarize the lessons learned based on the test activity, specifically relating to collecting sonic boom data which has a large amount of spatial pressure variation. The wind tunnel background pressure profiles are presented as well as data which demonstrated how both wind tunnel Mach number and model support-strut position affected the wind tunnel background pressure profile. Techniques were developed to mitigate these effects and are presented.
Liquid crystal phantom for validation of microscopic diffusion anisotropy measurements on clinical MRI systems (2017)

The proposed phantom can be manufactured by mixing three widely available chemicals in volumes comparable to a human head. The acquired data are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, showing that the phantom is ideal for validating methods for measuring microscopic diffusion anisotropy on clinical MRI systems. Magn Reson Med 79:1817-1828, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Magnet Temperature Effects on the Useful Properties of Variable Flux PM Synchronous Machines and a Mitigating Method for Magnetization Changes (2017)

Variable flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (VF-PMSMs) use permanent magnet magnetization as an additional degree-of-freedom to reduce losses based on operating conditions (e.g., at medium to high speeds, losses are reduced by using a lower magnetization). Magnet properties are known to be dependent on temperature; therefore, the magnet temperature effects on magnetization manipulation and maximum torque properties in VF-PMSMs are investigated in this paper with FEA simulations and experiments. Increased magnet temperature changes the available range of attainable magnetization levels and makes demagnetization occur more easily; therefore, a different current angle and magnetization are needed for maximum torque operation. The temperature effects on high speed magnetization manipulation methods, which are needed for driving cycle loss reduction and full power capability, are evaluated with simulation and experiments on a prototype 80 kW traction machine. A closed loop method for magnetization manipulation that mitigates the effect of temperature is proposed.
Full Poincar\'e mapping for ultra-sensitive polarimetry (2021)

While polarisation sensing is vital in many areas of research, with applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional approaches are limited by method-related error amplification or accumulation, placing fundamental limitations on precision and accuracy in single-shot polarimetry. Here, we put forward a new measurement paradigm to circumvent this, introducing the notion of a universal full Poincare generator to map all polarisation analyser states into a single vectorially structured light field, allowing all vector components to be analysed in a single-shot with theoretically user-defined precision. To demonstrate the advantage of our approach, we use a common GRIN optic as our mapping device and show mean errors of <1% for each vector component, enhancing the sensitivity by around three times, allowing us to sense weak polarisation aberrations not measurable by traditional single-shot techniques. Our work paves the way for next-generation polarimetry, impacting a wide variety of applications relying on weak vector measurement.
Synthesis of Water-soluble Oxidized Chitosan Derivatives and Their Biological Activity (1999)

Abstract Oxidized chitosan derivatives were prepared by CrO3 oxidation of chitosan followed by N-acetylation, and their effect on canine polymorphonuclear cells was evaluated. The water-solubility of oxidized chitosan derivatives (DS: 0.10-0.28) in the range of pH 1-13 was controlled by the degree of N-acetylation (DA), and the oxidized chitosan derivatives of DA 76 and 83% were soluble in water at the neutral pH range. Effect of oxidized chitosan derivatives on canine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was estimated by the reported chemiluminescence (CL) technique, and the peak count of CL induced by zymosan after the treatment of PMNs with oxidized chitosan derivatives was lower than that induced by only zymosan.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer Treated With Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab or Treatment of Physician’s Choice (2023)

GOV: NCT03517449.