gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vectorial adaptive optics: correcting both polarization and phase (2022)

Adaptive optics (AO) normally concerns the feedback correction of phase aberrations. Such correction has been of benefit in various optical systems, with applications ranging in scale from astronomical telescopes to super-resolution microscopes. Here we extend this powerful tool into the vectorial domain, encompassing feedback correction of both polarisation and phase. This technique is termed vectorial adaptive optics (V-AO). We show that V-AO can be implemented using sensor feedback, where an imaging polarimeter is used as the analog to the wavefront sensor used in phase AO. Alternatively, correction can be performed indirectly using so-called “sensorless” AO, which for phase AO does not employ a wavefront sensor but uses indirect optimization of the optical performance. Sensorless V-AO takes a similar approach optimizing the vectorial state through indirect optimization in the focal plane. An intermediate quasi-sensorless V-AO method is also shown. We validate improvements in both vector field state and the focal quality of an optical system, through correction for commonplace vectorial aberration sources, ranging from objective lenses to biological samples. This technique pushes the boundaries of traditional scalar beam shaping with feedback by providing control of extra vectorial degrees of freedom, which also paves the way for next generation AO functionality by manipulating the complex vectorial field.
ChemInform Abstract: M10709, a New Cyclic Peptide Antibiotic from Clinically Isolated Streptomyces sp. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization of large-mode-area tapered-index multi-core fibers with high differential mode bending loss for Ytterbium-doped fiber applications (2010)

Large-mode-area (LMA) tapered-index multi-core fibers (MCFs), made by hexagonal stacking of up-doped cores in silica, are optimized through a genetic algorithm (GA) for high fundamental mode (FM) effective area and high differential loss with higher-order modes (HOMs) in bending condition.
Chemical Sensor Based on Microfabricated Wristwatch Tuning Forks (2005)

We report here a chemical sensor based on detecting the mechanical response of a thin (approximately 10-microm) polymer wire stretched across the two prongs of a wristwatch quartz tuning fork (QTF). When the fork is set to oscillate, the wire is stretched and compressed by the two prongs. The stretching/compression force changes upon adsorption of analyte molecules onto/into the polymer wire, which is detected by the QTF with pico-Newton force sensitivity. An array of such sensors with different polymer wires is used for simultaneous detection of several analytes and for improvement of pattern recognition. The low cost (approximately 10 cent) of the QTF, together with that an array of QTFs can be driven to oscillate simultaneously and their resonance frequencies detected with the same circuit, promises a high performance, low cost, and portable sensor for detecting various chemical vapors. We demonstrate here detection of parts-per-billion-level water, ethylnitrobenzene, and ethanol vapors using the QTF arrays.
Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Activity of Metal Embedded Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanostructures Derived from Pyrolysis of Nitrogen-Rich Guanidinium Salt (2017)

Nitrogen and transition metal containing carbon composites are considered as promising non-platinum oxygen reduction catalysts with potential to replace Pt in fuel cell cathodes and metal-air batteries. Nitrogen-rich precursor guanidinium chloride, transition metal salts (Fe/Co) and high surface area carbon spheres are pyrolyzed to yield non-platinum composite electrocatalysts with new and interesting morphological features. Based on rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) experiments, both cobalt, and iron containing composite catalysts exhibited significant oxygen reduction activity in alkaline solutions with E1/2 values (∼60 mV lower) of best catalyst comparable to Pt/C. The kinetic parameter analysis, using Koutecky-Levich relation, for the best catalyst made of cobalt, nitrogen and carbon (Co-N-C) show specific exchange current densities of 0.1 mA mg−1, Tafel slopes of 75–80 mV dec−1 and %H2O2 of 10–13% of the total current in alkaline solution. XRD, BET, XPS and Raman spectral study serve as a complementary tool to evaluate the structure of the composite electrocatalysts.
Platelet Adhesion Via Glycoprotein IIb Integrin Is Critical for Atheroprogression and Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2005)

These findings show for the first time in vivo that GP IIb not only mediates platelet aggregation but also triggers platelet adhesion to exposed extracellular matrices and dysfunctional endothelial cells. In a process strictly involving GP IIb, platelets, which are among the first blood cells to arrive at the scene of endothelial dysfunction, contribute essentially to atherosclerosis and cerebral I/R injury.
Cytokine Regulation of Microenvironmental Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2015)

The term myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases including not only polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), but also chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and systemic mastocytosis (SM). Despite the clinical and biological differences between these diseases, common pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified in MPN. First, aberrant tyrosine kinase signaling due to somatic mutations in certain driver genes is common to these MPN. Second, alterations of the bone marrow microenvironment are found in all MPN types and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Finally, elevated levels of proinflammatory and microenvironment-regulating cytokines are commonly found in all MPN-variants. In this paper, we review the effects of MPN-related oncogenes on cytokine expression and release and describe common as well as distinct pathogenetic mechanisms underlying microenvironmental changes in various MPN. Furthermore, targeting of the microenvironment in MPN is discussed. Such novel therapies may enhance the efficacy and may overcome resistance to established tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in these patients. Nevertheless, additional basic studies on the complex interplay of neoplastic and stromal cells are required in order to optimize targeting strategies and to translate these concepts into clinical application.
Sublethal effects of the insecticidal fusion protein ω‐ACTX‐Hv1a/GNA on the parasitoid Eulophus pennicornis via its host Lacanobia oleracea (2015)

Hv1a/GNA has negligible effects on the parasitoid, even under worst-case scenarios. This low toxicity to these insects is of interest in terms of biopesticide specificity and safety to non-target organisms.
Effect of microstructure on fatigue properties of hot-rolled sheet steels (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The influence of tensile strength on fatigue strength and the effect of microstructure on fatigue notch factor were investigated into conventional mild steels, HSLA steels, DP steels and TRIP steels.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The grade of studied steels was altered from 440MPa to 780MPa. Not only smooth fatigue specimens with side surface ground but also fatigue specimens with a pierced hole were prepared for each of steel sheets. Fatigue tests were conducted in an axial load method.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These experiments made it clear that the fatigue limits of smooth specimen increase along the tensile strength approximately independent of microstructure but those of notched specimen do not necessarily increase along the tensile strength. Namely, fatigue limits of DP steels and TRIP steels with notch increase in proportion to tensile strength although those of HSLA steels with notch do not increase.&lt;/div&gt;
Enhanced Piezoelectric Constant of (1-x)BiFeO3–xBiCoO3 Thin Films Grown on LaAlO3 Substrate (2011)

Thin films of a rhombohedral-tetragonal solid solution (1- x )BiFeO 3 – x BiCoO 3 with x = 0–0.30 were prepared by chemical solution deposition on LaAlO 3 (001) and (La 0.5 ,Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 (001)/LaAlO 3 (001) substrates. A BiCoO 3 -type tetragonal structure with a large c / a of 1.23 was grown adjacent to the substrate whereas a BiFeO 3 -type rhombohedral one was grown on the tetragonal phase. Co substitution in the rhombohedral phase led to enhancement of piezoelectric constant and d 33 reached 100 pm/V, almost double that of BiFeO 3 .
Differences in protein mobility between pioneer versus follower growth cones (2007)

Navigating growth cones need to integrate, process and respond to guidance signals, requiring dynamic information transfer within and between different compartments. Studies have shown that, faced with different navigation challenges, growth cones display dynamic changes in growth kinetics and morphologies. However, it remains unknown whether these are paralleled by differences in their internal molecular dynamics. To examine whether there are protein mobility differences during guidance, we developed multiphoton fluorescence recovery after photobleaching methods to determine molecular diffusion rates in pathfinding growth cones in vivo. Actively navigating growth cones (leaders) have consistently longer recovery times than growth cones that are fasciculated and less actively navigating (followers). Pharmacological perturbations of the cytoskeleton point to actin as the primary modulator of diffusion in differently behaving growth cones. This approach provides a powerful means to quantify mobility of specific proteins in neurons in vivo and reveals that diffusion is important during axon navigation.
Synthesis of α-, γ-phosphorus functionalized alkyl lithium species; X-ray structures of [{Li(L)(Ch2PMeR)}2][L =NNN′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen), R = Me or Ph; L =(–)sparteine, R = Ph] and [Li(tmen){CH(SiMe3)C6H4PPh2-o}] (1989)

[{Li(L)(CH2PMeR)}2][L = tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen), R = Me (1) or Ph (2); L =(–)-sparteine (sp), R = Ph (3)], prepared by treating the appropriate phosphine with LiBun(L) in hexane or diethyl ether, are dimeric in the solid. The phosphinomethyl ligands bridge the two lithium atoms as part of six-atom heterocycles; Li–C, P 2.145, 2.604; 2.14, 2.64; 2.20, 2.72Å, respectively; (2) and (3) are homochiral and thus have a meso configuration. In benzene (1), (2), and [Li(tmen)(CH2PPh2)](5), are monomeric (cryoscopy), and 7Li–31P coupling only below ca. –70 °C for (1)–(3) and (5) in toluene (1 : 1 doublet, 7Li; 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 quartet, 31P, JLip 44.0–53.4 Hz) is consistent with the presence of symmetrical dimers of the type found in the solid for (1)–(3). [[graphic omitted]Ph2-o}], (4), similarly prepared, has the lithium as part of a chelate ring in the solid, binding through the ipso carbon and PIII centre; Li–C,P 2.25(1), 2.65(1)Å. Trilithio species based on P(C6H4CHR–)3(R = H or SiMe3) are generated via metallation using LiBun(tmen). Treating the monolithio species derived from P(O)Me2Ph and LiBun(sp) with Etl yields P(O)MePhPrn of 14% estimated optical purity.
A closed-loop system for artifact mitigation in ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring (2012)

Motion artifacts interfere with electrocardiogram (ECG) detection and information processing. In this paper, we present an independent component analysis based technique to mitigate these signal artifacts. We propose a new statistical measure to enable an automatic identification and removal of independent components, which correspond to the sources of noise. For the first time, we also present a signal-dependent closed-loop system for the quality assessment of the denoised ECG. In one experiment, noisy data is obtained by the addition of calibrated amounts of noise from the MIT-BIH NST database to the AHA ECG database. Arrhythmia classification based on a state-of-the-art algorithm with the direct use of noisy data thus obtained shows sensitivity and positive predictivity values of 87.7% and 90.0%, respectively, at an input signal SNR of -9 dB. Detection with the use of ECG data denoised by the proposed approach exhibits significant improvement in the performance of the classifier with the corresponding results being 96.5% and 99.1%, respectively. In a related lab trial, we demonstrate a reduction in RMS error of instantaneous heart rate estimates from 47.2% to 7.0% with the use of 56 minutes of denoised ECG from four physically active subjects. To validate our experiments, we develop a closed-loop, ambulatory ECG monitoring platform, which consumes 2.17 mW of power and delivers a data rate of 33 kbps over a dedicated UWB link.
In situEllipsometric Measurement during Growth of Ge on Si(111) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2002)

Ellipsometric measurements were applied to investigate Ge heteroepitaxial growth by molecular beam epitaxy on a Si(111) substrate, and the changes of optical constants and film thickness were monitored. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were also observed. Remarkable changes of optical constants were observed during the film growth depending on the change of surface morphology due to the Stranski–Krastanov (S–K) growth mode of Ge films on Si(111). When Ge was grown further, the RHEED pattern showed the characteristic reconstruction surface of Ge(111) in spite of the Ge heteroepitaxial growth on Si(111) substrate. The change of optical constants during the film growth could be well explained in terms of the S–K growth mode and coalescence of islands. It is shown that in situ ellipsometry is a useful method for investigating the growth mode as well as monitoring the film thickness.
Abstract 1864: In vivo efficacy of the PAK4 allosteric modulator KPT-9274 against a triple-negative breast cancer model (2016)

Abstract The p21-activated kinases (PAK) belong to a family of serine threonine kinases that promote cell survival and play an important role in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and cell shape determination. There are six mammalian PAK proteins which can be subdivided into two groups by sequence homology and mode of activation- Group A PAKs consisting of PAK 1, 2 and 3 and Group B PAKs consisting of PAK 4, 5 and 6. We have found that PAK4 protein levels are elevated in breast cancer, including Her2 positive and triple negative breast cancers, while it is expressed at low levels in normal mammary tissue, making it an attractive drug target. PAK inhibitors are being tested for effectiveness against solid tumors, but generation of highly specific PAK4 inhibitors has been a challenge. Furthermore, PAK4 has been reported to have kinase-independent functions. Therefore inhibiting its kinase activity alone might not be sufficient in blocking its tumorigenic potential. Our lab has previously reported the effectiveness of PAK4 allosteric modulators (PAM; KPT-8752 and KPT-9274) against multiple breast cancer cell lines. These novel PAK4 inhibitors reduce steady state protein levels and were able to block cell growth, cell migration and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines, without affecting the control cells. Here, we tested the efficacy of the orally bioavailable PAM, KPT-9274 against tumors formed by the triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Following six weeks of treatment with orally administered KPT-9274 (150mg/kg bidx4), there was almost a five-fold reduction in tumor volume and tumor weight in the treatment group as compared to the control group. The treatment did not significantly affect mice body weight. After six weeks of treatment, the tumors were excised and analyzed for PAK4 levels. We observed a significant decrease in PAK4 levels in excised tumors from the treatment group as compared to those from the control group. PAK1 levels were monitored to see any off-target effects, but their levels were unchanged. Our results indicate that PAK4 plays a key functional role in triple negative breast cancer and treatment with an orally administered KPT-9274 was capable of specifically binding and inhibiting PAK4, and consequently reducing tumor growth. Future studies analyzing the effects of KPT-9274 in blocking PAK4 mediated functions that promote tumorigenesis are ongoing. Additional studies of the effectiveness of KPT-9274 on mammary fat pad tumors formed by MDA-MB-231 and the ER positive cell line, MCF7 are under investigation. Citation Format: Chetan Rane, William Senapedis, Erkan Baloglu, Sharon Shacham, Audrey G. Minden. In vivo efficacy of the PAK4 allosteric modulator KPT-9274 against a triple-negative breast cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1864.
DNA vaccination strategy targets epidermal dendritic cells, initiating their migration and induction of a host immune response (2014)

The immunocompetence and clinical accessibility of dermal tissue offers an appropriate and attractive target for vaccination. We previously demonstrated that pDNA injection into the skin in combination with surface electroporation (SEP), results in rapid and robust expression of the encoded antigen in the epidermis. Here, we demonstrate that intradermally EP-enhanced pDNA vaccination results in the rapid induction of a host humoral immune response. In the dermally relevant guinea pig model, we used high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy to observe direct dendritic cell (DC) transfections in the epidermis, to determine the migration kinetics of these cells from the epidermal layer into the dermis, and to follow them sequentially to the immediate draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, we delineate the relationship between the migration of directly transfected epidermal DCs and the generation of the host immune response. In summary, these data indicate that direct presentation of antigen to the immune system by DCs through SEP-based in vivo transfection in the epidermis, is related to the generation of a humoral immune response.
Energy‐saving quality road lighting with colloidal quantum dot nanophosphors (2014)

Abstract Here the first photometric study of road‐lighting white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) integrated with semiconductor colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is reported enabling higher luminance than conventional light sources, specifically in mesopic vision regimes essential to street lighting. Investigating over 100 million designs uncovers that quality road‐lighting QD‐WLEDs, with a color quality scale and color rendering index ≥85, enables 13–35% higher mesopic luminance than the sources commonly used in street lighting. Furthermore, these QD‐WLEDs were shown to be electrically more efficient than conventional sources with power conversion efficiencies ≥16–29%. Considering this fact, an experimental proof‐of‐concept QD‐WLED was demonstrated, which is the first account of QD based color conversion custom designed for street lighting applications. The obtained white LED achieved the targeted mesopic luminance levels in accordance with the road lighting standards of the USA and the UK. These results indicate that road‐lighting QD‐WLEDs are strongly promising for energy‐saving quality road lighting.
Achieving high focusing power for a largeaperture liquid crystal lens with novel hole-andring electrodes (2008)

Aiming to equip commercial camera modules, such as the optical imaging systems with a CMOS sensor module in 3 Mega pixels, an ultra thin liquid crystal lens with designed hole-and-ring electrodes is proposed in this study to achieve high focusing power. The LC lens with proposed electrodes improves the central intensity of electric field which leads to better focusing quality. The overall thickness of the LC lens can be as thin as 1.2 mm and the shortest focal length of the 4 mm-aperture lens occurs at 20 cm under an applied voltage of 30 V at 1 KHz. The inner ring electrode requires only 40% of applied voltage of the external hole electrode. The applied voltages for this internal ring and external hole electrodes can simply be realized by a pre-designed parallel resistance pair and a single voltage source. Experiments are conducted for validation and it shows that the designed LC lens owns good image clearness and contrast at the focal plane. The proposed design reduces the thickness of LC lens and is capable of achieving relative higher focusing power than past studies with lower applied voltage.
Protein Charge Ladders, Capillary Electrophoresis, and the Role of Electrostatics in Biomolecular Recognition (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein Charge Ladders, Capillary Electrophoresis, and the Role of Electrostatics in Biomolecular RecognitionJeffrey D. Carbeck, Ian J. Colton, Jinming Gao, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 6, 343–350Publication Date (Web):May 9, 1998Publication History Received23 September 1997Published online9 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970255qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970255qresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrophoresis,Ligands,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution on Haloarene Chromium Tricarbonyl Complexes: Mild N-Arylation of Indoles (1998)

A series of N-arylindoles were obtained in good yields and under mild conditions by nucleophilic substitution reaction of the sodium salt of indole on various haloarene chromium tricarbonyl complexes
A 210 nW NPN-Based Temperature Sensor With an Inaccuracy of ±0.15 °C (3σ) From −15 °C to 85 °C Utilizing Dual-Mode Frontend (2022)

This paper describes an NPN-based temperature sensor that achieves a 1-point trimmed inaccuracy of ±0.15 ∘C (3σ) from –15 to 85 ∘C while dissipating only 210 nW. It uses a dual-mode front-end to roughly halve the power consumption of conventional front-ends. First, two NPNs are used to generate a well-defined PTAT bias current, then this current is sampled and applied to the same NPNs to generate well-defined PTAT and CTAT voltages. These voltages are then applied to a low power tracking Σ modulator-based ADC, which employs a digital filter to efficiently generate a multi-bit representation of temperature. A prototype fabricated in a 180-nm BCD process achieves 15 mK resolution in a 50 ms conversion time, which translates into a state-of-the-art resolution FoM of 2.3 pJK2.