gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Coupling Reagents for the Preparation of Disulfide Cross-Linked Conjugates with Increased Stability (1997)

To improve the in vivo stability of disulfide-linked immunotoxins (ITs), a series of sterically hindered cross-linking reagents were designed and synthesized. These ligands are characterized by a thioimidate group linked to an S-acetyl thiol or a substituted aryldithio group. To select the reagent of choice, several aryldithio thioimidates, substituted with a methyl or a phenyl group adjacent to the disulfide, were analyzed in thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Also analyzed were the following: (i) the stability and solubility of the linkers in aqueous solution, (ii) the rate of protein derivatization, and (iii) the steric hindrance due to methyl or phenyl group substituents toward cleavage of the disulfide bond by glutathione. Ethyl S-acetyl 3-mercaptobutyrothioimidate (M-AMPT) was chosen as reagent to prepare two types of stable disulfide-containing AR-3-gelonin conjugates (IT2 and IT3). IT2 was prepared by a 3-(4-carboxamidophenyldithio)propionthioimidate (CDPT)-derivatized antibody coupled to the M-AMPT-derivatized gelonin to afford a conjugate characterized by the presence of a methyl group adjacent to the sulfide bond. In the IT3 conjugate, an M-AMPT-derivatized toxin was coupled to the antibody thiolated with M-AMPT and then activated with Ellman's reagent (DNTB). The in vitro and in vivo stabilities of the three immunoconjugates were assayed, respectively, (i) by adding an excess of glutathione and monitoring protein release and (ii) by studying their pharmacokinetic behaviors. The specificity and cytotoxicity of all ITs were analyzed on target and unrelated cell lines, and no significant differences in activity were observed. IT3, consisting of a symmetrical dimethyl-substituted disulfide bond, was substantially more stable in vivo (t1/2 beta = 88.3 h) than the corresponding IT2, characterized by a disulfide-protected monomethyl substituent bond (t1/2 beta = 60.2 h) compared to the unhindered conjugate IT1 (t1/2 beta = 27.9 h). This family of cross-linking reagents therefore offers advantages, such as minimal perturbation of the protein structure and controlled reactivity due to the thioimidate moiety, as well as the capacity to yield immunotoxins possessing substantial stability in vivo.
Lithographically defined three-dimensional graphene scaffolds. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Shape-selective oxidation of primary alcohols using perruthenate-containing zeolites (2003)

Potassium perruthenate (KRuO4), a known, effective oxidant for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols into carbonyl compounds is impregnated into zeolite X and shown to be a shape-selective oxidant using benzyl alcohol (reacted) and pyrenemethanol (not reacted).
Coating of CVD Diamond on Cemented Carbide and Evaluation of its Wear Resistance. (1997)

Chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond has been utilized in diamond brazed cutting tools. Generally, due to the difficulty in producing thick CVD diamond, the tools have conventionally been produced by brazing a diamond film about 300μm in thickness on a cemented carbide used as the base metal for the cutting tool. The production process for such tools is very complex due to the many production steps involved.A new method in which 200∼300μm thick CVD diamond can be directly synthesized on the cemented carbide has been developed in order to simplify this process. The cemented carbide is cut off by wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) in advance and grid notches are introduced on the carbide by YAG laser beam irradiation making the production of a thick diamond film possible.The amount of flank wear on a diamond coated tool produced by this method was less than 1/5 of that on a diamond sintered tool. The tool also showed excellent cutting performance, compared with tools produced by the conventional method.
Femtosecond measurements of the nonlinear optical response of telecommunication fiber materials (2003)

Summary form only given. A simple and reliable means of determining the nonlinearities of optical fiber materials is needed. The ability to measure fiber precursor materials without the difficulty of pulling a fiber would be especially valuable. We present data on the nonlinear response of fused silica and four mixed silicate/germanate glasses used in telecommunication fibers. The response functions were measured by spectrally resolved two-beam coupling (SRTBC). SRTBC uses a standard pump-probe setup, with the addition of a monochromator to spectrally resolve the probe pulse after the nonlinear interaction. Combined with ultrashort pulses, this simple experiment provides both excellent sensitivity and femtosecond time-resolution, as exemplified by our measurement of fused silica, one of the least nonlinear optical materials. The data were obtained with 17-fs pulses directly from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser producing 450 mW output power at /spl sim/800 nm. The intensity at the sample was /spl sim/20 GW/cm/sup 2/. The electronic and nuclear contributions to the optical nonlinearity are clearly resolved. The SRTBC signal is derivative-like, so the nonlinear phase shift due to the electronic Kerr nonlinearity appears as a bimodal signal.
The Antioxidant Additive Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy: New Ferulic (Lipoic) Acid Plus Melatonin Modified Tacrines as Cholinesterases Inhibitors, Direct Antioxidants, and Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Activators (2016)

Novel multifunctional tacrines for Alzheimer's disease were obtained by Ugi-reaction between ferulic (or lipoic acid), a melatonin-like isocyanide, formaldehyde, and tacrine derivatives, according to the antioxidant additive approach in order to modulate the oxidative stress as therapeutic strategy. Compound 5c has been identified as a promising permeable agent showing excellent antioxidant properties, strong cholinesterase inhibitory activity, less hepatotoxicity than tacrine, and the best neuroprotective capacity, being able to significantly activate the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway.
Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal by Utilizing Wafer Fusion Technique. (2002)

Three-dimensional photonic crystals with complete photonic bandgap operating at mid-infrared to optical communication wavelengths are developed. The crystal is constructed by stacking semiconductor/air stripes utilizing wafer-fusion and very precise alignment technique based on laser beam diffraction pattern observation. The complete bandgap is observed and the bandgap effect larger than 40 dB is successfully achieved. Photonic crystal waveguide with sharp bend is designed and developed as an important step to realize ultra-small optical integrated circuits.
Inhibition of immunoglobulin class-switching prevents pemphigus onset in desmoglein 3-specific B cell receptor knock-in mouse (2021)

ABSTRACT Although immunoglobulin class-switching is essential for humoral immunity, its role in B-cell immune tolerance remains unclear. Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG targeting desmoglein 3, an adhesion molecule of keratinocytes. In this study, we generated knock-in mice that express anti-Dsg3 AK23 autoantibodies. Knock-in B cells developed normally in vivo and showed Ca 2+ influx upon IgM cross-linking in vitro . The mice predominantly produced circulating AK23 IgM but little IgG antibodies. Although no IgG deposition or blister formation was observed in Dsg3-bearing tissues, Dsg3 immunization forced to induce pemphigus phenotype after class-switching to IgG in vivo . Transcriptomic analysis revealed that FCGR2B and FcγRIIB-related genes were downregulated in B cells from peripheral blood of pemphigus patients. Indeed, in AK23 knock-in mice, Fcgr2b deficiency or haploinsufficiency spontaneously led to class-switching, AK23 IgG production, and pemphigus phenotype development. Thus, inhibition of pathogenic class-switching is a crucial tolerogenic process to prevent pemphigus onset, where attenuated FcγRIIB signaling is one of the key predispositions to break this tolerogenic state.
Performance of a carbon monoxide sensor based on zirconia-doped ceria (2016)

Resistive-type carbon monoxide sensors were fabricated using zirconia-doped ceria, and their sensing properties were evaluated and compared with equivalent devices based on non-doped ceria. The response of both sensor types was found to increase with decreasing temperature, while the response at 450 °C of a sensor fired at 950 °C was greater than that of a sensor fired at 1100 °C. When fired at 950 °C, however, the response at 450 °C of a sensor created using zirconia-doped ceria was slightly less than that of a sensor constructed from non-doped ceria. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the response of both sensor types is proportional to the resistance raised to the power of about 0.5, and inversely proportional to the particle size raised to a power of about 0.8. The sensor response time can be considered almost the same regardless of whether zirconia doping is used or not.
Crest lines and their applications with emphasis on anatomical surfaces (2003)

Crest lines are surface shape features. They identify important regions in general three-dimensional (3D) surfaces. They are especially important in anatomical surfaces because they follow the convolutions of the sulci (valleys) and the gyri (ridges) of the outer brain (cortical) surface. A novel automatic algorithm is described and evaluated to facilitate crest line extraction. Surfaces used throughout this work are represented by 3D triangulated meshes. Due to crest lines' nature and significance, they have plenty of general-interest applications as they can substitute or be coupled with the surfaces they lie on to improve existing and create novel algorithms. In this dissertation, crest lines are used to perform rigid registration, surface simplification and cortical surface mapping with focus on medical applications. 
The rigid registration algorithm builds upon the iterative closest point algorithm and registers surfaces represented by feature curves with focus on convergence and robustness. The surface simplification algorithm is focused on explicitly preserving surface features to minimize shape distortion and feature disappearance, especially after high simplification rates. Finally, a novel cortical surface non-rigid registration algorithm is devised that uses crest lines to obtain a meaningful partition of the cortical surface and establish correspondences that ensure anatomical and biological validity. 
Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that crest lines are extracted very accurately and can be the vital ingredient to design novel and improve existing algorithms for various applications.
Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysis: An Innovative Concept for Homogeneous Catalysis in Continuous Fixed‐Bed Reactors (2006)

Abstract Applications of ionic liquids to replace conventional solvents in homogeneous transition‐metal catalysis have increased significantly during the last decade. Biphasic ionic liquid/organic liquid systems offer advantages with regard to product separation, catalyst stability, and recycling but utilise in the case of fast chemical reactions only a small amount of expensive ionic liquid and catalyst. The novel Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalysis concept overcomes these drawbacks and allows the use of fixed‐bed reactors for continuous reactions. In this Microreview the SILP catalysis concept is surveyed by presenting results for the continuous gas‐phase hydroformylation of propene, as a reaction example. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Computational Long Exposure Mobile Photography (2023)

Long exposure photography produces stunning imagery, representing moving elements in a scene with motion-blur. It is generally employed in two modalities, producing either a foreground or a background blur effect. Foreground blur images are traditionally captured on a tripod-mounted camera and portray blurred moving foreground elements, such as silky water or light trails, over a perfectly sharp background landscape. Background blur images, also called panning photography, are captured while the camera is tracking a moving subject, to produce an image of a sharp subject over a background blurred by relative motion. Both techniques are notoriously challenging and require additional equipment and advanced skills. In this paper, we describe a computational burst photography system that operates in a hand-held smartphone camera app, and achieves these effects fully automatically, at the tap of the shutter button. Our approach first detects and segments the salient subject. We track the scene motion over multiple frames and align the images in order to preserve desired sharpness and to produce aesthetically pleasing motion streaks. We capture an under-exposed burst and select the subset of input frames that will produce blur trails of controlled length, regardless of scene or camera motion velocity. We predict inter-frame motion and synthesize motion-blur to fill the temporal gaps between the input frames. Finally, we composite the blurred image with the sharp regular exposure to protect the sharpness of faces or areas of the scene that are barely moving, and produce a final high resolution and high dynamic range (HDR) photograph. Our system democratizes a capability previously reserved to professionals, and makes this creative style accessible to most casual photographers.
MOSPD2 regulates the activation state of αLβ2 integrin to control monocyte migration (2022)

Abstract Monocytes are innate immune cells that drive the chronicity of various inflammatory diseases, making them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Monocyte migration to inflamed tissues involves multiple steps of interaction with the vascular endothelium and the extra-cellular matrix (ECM), a process mainly mediated through conformational transitions in cell surface integrins. We previously described Motile sperm domain-containing protein 2 (MOSPD2) as a surface protein expressed on myeloid cells that is essential for the migration of monocytes and a key regulator of inflammatory disease pathogenesis. Therefore, a possible role for MOSPD2 in regulating adhesion and integrin activation in monocytes was assessed. Silencing of MOSPD2 expression in THP-1 monocytic cell line significantly increased the adhesion of monocytes to various ECM ligands of integrins. Employing VB-601, a humanized anti-human MOSDP2 monoclonal antibody, on wild-type THP-1 cells or primary human CD14 monocytes similarly increased cell adhesion to ECM ligands as well as adhesion molecules. At the molecular level, silencing of MOSPD2 or blocking MOSPD2 using VB-601 led to a transition in integrin αLβ2 conformation into active high affinity binding-form and to the phosphorylation of adhesion-associated pathways. Co-precipitation experiments show that MOSPD2 binds integrin-β2, but not integrin-β1. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism on monocyte migration in which MOSPD2 governs the balance between monocyte adhesion and release from adhesion molecules and ECM. Targeting MOSPD2 has the potential to treat inflammatory diseases by stemming monocyte infiltration into inflamed tissues.
Evaluation of ‐axis resolution and image noise for nonconstant velocity spiral CT data reconstructed using a weighted 3D filtered backprojection (WFBP) reconstruction algorithm (2010)

Nonconstant velocity periodic spiral scans can achieve z-axis spatial resolution, CT number accuracy, image noise and artifact level equivalent to those for stationary (axial), and constant velocity spiral scans. Thus, periodic spiral scans are expected to allow assessment of four-dimensional CT data for scan lengths greater than the detector width without sacrificing image quality.
The effect of gain variation in micro-channel plates on gamma-ray energy resolution (2013)

A Monte Carlo simulation of micro-channel plate (MCP) with particular interest in its effect on energy resolution performance is presented. Important physical processes occurring in MCP channels are described and modeled, including secondary electron (SE) yield, SE emission, and primary electron reflection. The effects causing channel saturation are also introduced. A two dimensional Monte Carlo simulation is implemented under the assumption of unsaturated channel. Simulation results about basic MCP performances and especially gain and energy resolution performances are presented and analyzed. It's found that energy resolution as an intrinsic property of MCP cannot be improved simply by adjusting system parameters; however it can be improved by increasing input signal or number of photoelectrons (PEs) in the context of image intensifier. An initial experiment with BazookaSPECT detector and CsI(Tl) scintillator is performed to validate and correlate with the simulation results and good agreement is achieved.
Resonance behavior of embedded and freestanding microscale ferromagnets (2022)

The ferromagnetic resonance of a disordered A2 Fe<sub>60</sub>Al<sub>40</sub> ferromagnetic stripe, of dimensions 5 µm × 1 µm × 32 nm, has been observed in two vastly differing surroundings: in the first case, the ferromagnetic region was surrounded by ordered B2 Fe<sub>60</sub>Al<sub>40</sub>, and in the second case it was free standing, adhering only to the oxide substrate. The embedded ferromagnet possesses a periodic magnetic domain structure, which transforms to a single domain structure in the freestanding case. The two cases differ in their dynamic response, for instance, the resonance field for the uniform (k = 0) mode at ~ 14 GHz excitation displays a shift from 209 to 194 mT, respectively for the embedded and freestanding cases, with the external magnetic field applied along the long axis. The resonant behavior of a microscopic ferromagnet can thus be finely tailored via control of its near-interfacial surrounding.
Electrical Energy Storage: Supercapacitors (2017)

Abstract In this chapter, we describe the classification, construction, electrode materials, electrolyte compositions, and performance characteristics of various types of supercapacitors.
[Post-orthodontic retention: experimentation with a new technic]. (1990)

Retention is a problem which has acquired a growing importance in orthodontic therapy. Some studies infact have proved that relapse cases may happen frequently at the end of an orthodontic treatment. To prevent these relapses it's necessary a suitable period of retention. In this work we took into consideration the problem of lower incisors crowding and we proposed a method of retention with the application of a fixed maintainer from cuspid to cuspid. This maintainer is applicated with some contrivances to reduce the risk of maintainer removal.
Rumor Detection on Social Networks: A Sociological Approach (2020)

The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in the use of online social networks, such as Twitter, by individuals as well as communities for fast dissemination of information. However, as useful as this information might be, it also prospects the rapid spread of rumors. This phenomenon of rumor proliferation has persuaded researchers to work in the field of rumor detection by using the temporal, textual and author related features. From a sociological perspective, rumors are generally seen to be targeted at some important entities such as well-known politicians, actors, places etc. Some rumors are aimed at creating social unrest by spreading information about eye-catching events like highjacking, bomb attack etc. The existing works in rumor detection do not seem to harness this peculiar characteristic of rumor.This research proposes a novel approach to rumor detection by using entity recognition on the post text along with other features that imply reliability and consistency. Our hypothesis defines four different scores namely, i) Famousness score, ii) Rareness score, iii) Reliability score and iv) Consistency score. Experimental results show that the proposed features not only increase the performance of our model, but also out-perform the baseline approaches in terms of F1 score.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 12 (2016)

The cover image, by Ronald T. Raines et al., is based on the Research Article Anchoring a cytoactive factor in a wound bed promotes healing, DOI: 10.1002/term.1886.
Scaling of Beowulf-class distributed systems (2002)

The future of Beowulf-class PC clusters for large-scale scientific and engineering applications will be determined by three issues: system scalability; latency tolerant applications development; and software environments and tools. This paper focuses on the first of these, scalability, which is sensitive to aspects of the remaining two. For the studies and findings described, we consider system designs capable of integrating hundreds or thousands of processors.
Making the Invisible Audible: Acoustic Interfaces for the Management of Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent an enabling technology for a whole range of applications, such as environment monitoring or event detection/alert reporting. Their limited resources, however, make them a challenging tool to handle in the field. In particular, they lack a proper display, which makes them difficult to deploy, and to manage once they are deployed. In this article, we present Sensor-Tune, a light-weight deployment and maintenance support tool for wireless sensor networks. This tool is based on an auditory user interface using sonification. Sonification refers to the use of audio signals (mostly non-speech) to convey information. We explore the potential of this approach, in particular how it allows to overcome the inherent limitations of visual interfaces. We then justify our design choices, and present typical WSN applications where sonification can be particularly useful. Finally, we present the prototype that we built, and describe a user experiment that we conducted in early 2008, which is the first reported attempt to put a multi-hop wireless sensor network deployment in the hands of non-specialists.
Solution- and solid-state photophysical and stimuli-responsive behavior in conjugated monoalkoxynaphthalene–naphthalimide donor–acceptor dyads (2015)

The solution-state, solid-state and exceptional stimuli-responsive properties of a series of aromatic conjugated monoalkoxynaphthalene–naphthalimide donor–acceptor dyads is reported.