gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current parking regulator for zero droop/overshoot load transient response (2016)

Supply voltage integrity during a load transition is a critical problem. Droop on the supply may lead to logic failures, and overshoot can reduce reliability. Voltage deviations from the nominal forces designers to apply margins in design to ensure correct operation. This paper addresses two main causes of droop/overshoot on the supply line namely the sluggish converter response and the parasitics between the converter and the load. We present current parking regulator (CPR), a voltage down-converter with almost zero droop or overshoot during a load transient along with implementation techniques to nullify the effect of the parasitics. The underlying principle involves avoiding the inductor slewing time by parking sufficient excess current in the inductor, which is available to use immediately when the need arises. The system design involves on-die, package, and PCB co-design to minimize the impact of parasitics. Measurement results show negligible droop/overshoot when the load current transitions from 0.8A to 7.5A and vice versa in 2ns with only 200nF of load capacitance on the regulated output voltage node. The design was fabricated in a 28nm CMOS technology and integrated in the same package as the load using an 8 layer substrate. It achieves a peak efficiency of 83% at 8A load current.
Edible Polymers for Essential Oils Encapsulation: Application in Food Preservation (2019)

According to the World Health Organization, every year 2 billion people worldwide get sick because of unsafe food. For this reason, food preservation from fungi, bacteria, and other contaminants is important to ensure the safety and quality of food to the consumers. Nowaday, there is an increasing demand in the food industry for natural preservatives which are safe. Among these natural compounds with antimicrobial activity, essential oils have aroused considerable interest in the food industry. Unfortunately, essential oils have numerous limitations in their use, mainly due to their hydrophobic property, and therefore they need to be encapsulated before use. The main goal of this specific review is to focus on the encapsulation of essential oils using edible polymers.
Direct measurement of the static and transient magneto-optical permittivity of cobalt across the entire M-edge in reflection geometry by use of polarization scanning (2018)

It has long been known that the magnetic order in a material can be transiently disrupted by an intense laser pulse, on surprisingly fast sub-picosecond timescales. However, two decades after its discovery, the microscopic physics underlying this behavior is still not completely understood. Here, the authors develop a new extreme ultraviolet (EUV) magneto-optical spectroscopy that allows them to extract the full $d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}y\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c$ complex magneto-optical permittivity of a material. By exciting a Co film with a femtosecond laser pulse, and then scanning both the polarization and arrival time of a high-harmonic probe beam, they extract the instantaneous complex magneto-optical constant of Co across the ${M}_{2,3}$ absorption edge. Through a direct comparison with $a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}b$ $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o$ theory, they show that the observed demagnetization is dominated by the excitation of magnons, with a possible small contribution from a reduction of the exchange splitting. This work further demonstrates the deepened insight on magnetism obtained through the recent application of tabletop-scale femtosecond EUV light sources.
Activity of a novel HDAC inhibitor PCI-24781 in colorectal cancer: Discovery and validation of biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance (2007)

C234 Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising drug targets in a number of clinical indications including cancer & inflammation. PCI-24781 is a novel, orally bioavailable HDAC inhibitor currently advancing through clinical trials in patients with solid and hematopoietic malignancies. In this work, we examined the factors determining sensitivity and resistance to PCI-24781 in colorectal cancer using a three-pronged approach - in cell lines, in mouse xenograft models and in primary human tumors cultured ex vivo. PCI-24781 was active in all colon tumor lines tested (with GI50s ranging from 0.2uM for HCT-116 to 1.6 uM for RKO and HCT-15), as well as in a set of 20 explanted primary tumors from naive (previously untreated) colon cancer patients, with a mean GI50 of 0.5 uM. Similarly, mouse xenograft models also demonstrated tumor growth inhibition >80% with oral or IV dosing. The samples from each of these assays were examined by whole genome expression profiling, Western blotting for key proteins, and biochemical pathway analysis. When the data from these experiments were analyzed together, a correlation between activity and expression changes in several key genes was observed, including RAD51. Interestingly, RAD51 is downregulated at both protein and mRNA levels by PCI-24781, leading to inhibition of DNA repair and RAD51 foci formation, eventually leading to apoptosis. The decrease in RAD51 levels upon PCI-24781 treatment showed a significant correlation with activity in these models, in spite of the narrow range of response. However, in metastatic primary tumors from heavily pretreated patients, we observed a larger range of response. Using the EDR (Extreme Drug Resistance) soft agar chemoresistance assay, which has shown good correlation with clinical resistance, in an initial set of 24 primary tumors, we found that about 38% of the tumors could be classified as resistant, including a few that showed no significant inhibition at up to 2uM PCI-24781. When the differences between the sensitive and resistant tumors were analyzed, it was observed that sensitive tumors showed a consistent decrease of >2-fold in RAD51 levels, whereas resistant tumors did not. In addition, we also identified genes previously associated with chemoresistance that were expressed at 3-15 fold higher levels in the resistant tumors. This signature was confirmed by Taqman (RT-PCR) analysis, and was further validated in an independent set of primary colon tumors. These markers of sensitivity and resistance will be used to identify likely responders in clinical trials with PCI-24781.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Glycosyl Aldehydes: Synthons for C‐Linked Disaccharides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solid-State NMR of C60 Amino Acid Derivatives (2019)

Amino acid derivatives of C60 fullerene were studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data given in this work suggest that the compounds under study are derivatives of C60 fullerene and corresponding amino acids. The fullerene core is attahced to the amino acids via the amino group.
Semibatch Terpolymerization of Ethylene, Propylene, and 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene: Heterogeneous High-Ethylene EPDM Thermoplastic Elastomers (2020)

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are materials combining the processability of thermoplastics and the elasticity of rubbers. The global value and demand of TPEs are expected to grow in the coming years, and advancement in synthetic chemistry is the key driving force. This contribution provides a simple synthesis of high-ethylene EPDMs with high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution (1.9 < Mw/Mn < 2.3), and properties which can be adjusted from soft thermoplastic to elastomer. EPDMs are prepared through the terpolymerization of ethylene with propylene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), where ethylene is continuously supplied to the reaction bath, while propylene and ENB are added only at the beginning. Polymerizations are catalyzed by three known imido vanadium(IV) complexes, differing in the imido substituent and coligand, in combination with Et2AlCl and Cl3CCO2Et. The obtained EPDMs are a mixture of macromolecules, each of them featuring a nonrandom comonomer distribution and nonuniform composition. Each chain likely contains multiblocks where the comonomers are segmented, i.e., blocks with high ethylene content that may crystallize and blocks with high propylene and ENB content that may not crystallize. This broad chemical composition distribution is due to time drift that occurs during the polymerization, which in turn depends on the experimental conditions and ligand set. Composition drift causes variation in the instantaneous feed comonomer ratio and hence in the chemical composition of the terpolymer over the period of conversion. In proper experimental conditions, EPDMs behave as TPEs without the need of vulcanization, polymer blending, and reinforcement through the addition of fillers. They exhibit high elongation at break, strain hardening at large deformation, remarkable shape retention properties (up to 76% recovery after 10 cycles at 300% and about 90% at 410% strain), and remelting processability with no fall in properties for recycle and reuse.
Efficacy and safety of novel multi‐lumen catheter for chronic total occlusions (2014)

In this first-in-man experience, the MultiCross catheter has the potential to enhance crossing of CTOs.
Assessment of the quality and quantity of naturally induced antibody responses to EBA175RIII–V in Ghanaian children living in two communities with varying malaria transmission patterns (2018)

Naturally acquired IgG concentrations but not relative antibody avidities to EBA175RIII-V were significantly higher in Obom where malaria transmission is perennial than in Abura, where malaria transmission is seasonal.
Rapid Turn Around BRIC-PDFU Payload: A New Paradigm for Spaceflight Experiments (2010)

In 2009, NASA's Fundamental Space Biology program provided an opportunity for investigators to propose for a quick-turn-around multi-user spaceflight experiment that focused on the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. This was a passive payload with no on-orbit power or communications available. An NRA was rapidly written (8/09), released (NNH09ZTT004N; 9/09), proposals were received (11/09) and peer reviewed with 3 PI groups selected for flight (1/10): (1) A-L Paul, University of Florida, (2) E. Blancaflor, Noble Foundation, (3) J. Kiss, Miami University. The investigators flew Arabidopsis seeds or callus cultures of their choosing (plated onto 60 mm diameter Petri dishes containing agarsolidified media) on the STS-131 Space Shuttle mission (launched 4/5/10) and the resulting plant tissues returned to earth on 4/20/10. Each petri dish was placed inside its own Petri Dish Fixation Unit (PDFU), which was assembled and loaded with either formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or RNAlater for crew-facilitated on-orbit fixation. Five PDFUs plus a temperature data logger were loaded into each of 8 BRIC-PDFUs (Biological Research In Canisters PDFU). All eight BRIC-PDFUs were loaded into a half tray along with actuator equipment that the crew used for the fixations. Pre-flight turn-over was 28 hours prior to launch. The BRIC-PDFU assemblies were removed from the orbiter and handed over to the investigator teams for processing 5-6 hours after landing. This payload demonstrated a rapid response turnaround for flying multiple peer-reviewed science investigations using previously flown hardware and minimal ISS-resources. The approach used reduced both hardware/certification and PI costs. The time waiting for a flight opportunity for the selected Pls was minimal. This new paradigm for spaceflight experiments may provide a model for future flight research opportunities. The ultimate goal is to fly as many investigators as rapidly as possible and reinvigorate the space biology community while obtaining high-quality, peer-reviewed science.
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I, Unique Structure of Accumulated Heparan Sulfate and Increased N-Sulfotransferase Activity in Mice Lacking α-l-iduronidase (2011)

Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) diseases are characterized by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) due to deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes responsible for GAG breakdown. Using a murine model of MPSI Hurler (MPSIH), we have quantified the heparan sulfate (HS) accumulation resulting from α-l-iduronidase (Idua) deficiency. HS levels were significantly increased in liver and brain tissue from 12-week-old Idua(-/-) mice by 87- and 20-fold, respectively. In addition, HS chains were shown to contain significantly increased N-, 2-O-, and 6-O-sulfation. Disaccharide compositional analyses also uncovered an HS disaccharide uniquely enriched in MPSIH, representing the terminal iduronic acid residue capping the non-reducing end of the HS chain, where no further degradation can occur in the absence of Idua. Critically, we identified that excess HS, some of which is colocalized to the Golgi secretory pathway, acts as a positive regulator of HS-sulfation, increasing the N-sulfotransferase activity of HS-modifying N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase enzymes. This mechanism may have severe implications during disease progression but, now identified, could help direct improved therapeutic strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling to Form E‐Vinyl Chlorides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fatigue crack propagation behavior of a micro-bainitic TRIP steel (2022)

Controlling the grain size of steels is an effective way for tailoring their mechanical properties, such as yield strength, impact toughness, and ductility. In this study, a new industrial thermomechanical treatment was applied to a low-alloyed TRIP-assisted bainitic steel 13MnSiCr7 to achieve a substantial microstructural refinement. In this way the average grain size of the new micro-bainitic steel was decreased from ∼25 μm to ∼5 μm. Fatigue tests were carried out in order to investigate the influence of this new thermomechanical treatment on crack propagation behavior. Besides electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) were used to study the microstructure in the vicinity of the fatigue crack tip. The applicability of each method for detecting the martensitic transformation is discussed. In addition, the contribution of the martensitic transformation to fracture toughness was assessed on the basis of the results obtained by HEXRD.
Effect of vaccination with mutant KRAS peptides on rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane. (2002)

Rat colon carcinogenesis induced by 2 x 15 mg/kg body weight of azoxymethane (AOM) is a standard model, widely used to evaluate the role of nutritional components and chemopreventive agents at various stages of tumorigenesis. In this model, KRAS mutations have been frequently observed in aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions, as well as in tumours. Therefore we used this model and vaccinated F344 rats with a mixture of synthetic mutant KRAS peptides (MT KRAS) corresponding to frequent KRAS exon 1 mutations before AOM treatment in order to study the role of KRAS mutations in the development of ACF and subsequently tumours. The controls were sham-vaccinated with KRAS exon 1 wild-type KRAS peptides (WT KRAS). MT KRAS vaccination suppressed the number of ACF by 42% at week 13 (p=0.001). The subpopulation of ACF suppressed by MT KRAS vaccination had higher focal crypt multiplicity than the control ACF population (p=0.001). At week 26, vaccination reduced the KRAS mutation frequency in ACF from 50% in the MT KRAS group to 13% in the WT KRAS (p=0.038). However, at this phase of carcinogenesis, vaccination did not have significant effects on the ACF number and focal crypt multiplicity. Surprisingly, the KRAS mutation frequency was only 5% in the colonic tumours of the controls (1 out of 20 tumours). Although there were no tumours with KRAS mutations in the MT KRAS group, the possible effect of vaccination could not be evaluated. These data indicate that KRAS mutations play a minor role in colonic tumorigenesis and that ACF with KRAS mutations could hardly be the precursors of the AOM-induced tumours in rats. Hence, the cancer protective potential of a KRAS vaccine in the early phase of AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat appeared minuscule. Additional studies in a model with a high outcome of KRAS mutations in colonic tumours are needed to evaluate the effects of a KRAS vaccine at later stages of tumorigenesis.
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Conditional Relative Risk in a Semi-parametric Regression Model (2011)

The conditional relative risk is an important measure in medical and epidemiological studies when the outcome of interest is binary (i.e. disease vs. no disease). When the outcome is common, estimation of conditional relative risk and related parameters can be problematic, especially when the exposure or covariates are continuous. We propose a new estimation procedure based on targeted maximum likelihood methodology that targets the parameters relating to the conditional relative risk for common outcomes under a log-linear, or multiplicative, semi-parametric model. In this paper, we present three possible targeted maximum likelihood estimators for relative risk parameters implied by such a model: log-binomial based, Poisson-based, and a general semi-parametric approach. We present the properties and trade-offs of each of these estimators, focusing in particular on the Poisson-based estimator, which is most practical for implementation. We show that the resulting estimator is double robust and asymptotically linear, and inference can be obtained using the corresponding influence curve. The robustness of our estimator is compared to alternative methods (e.g. log-linear, Poisson regression) through simulation under model misspecification and increasing violations of the positivity assumption. The estimation procedure is then applied to a study of HIV genetic susceptibility scores, which aims to determine the effects of different genetic susceptibility scores on viral response. Effect modiﬁcation by other covariates in the model is also explored.
Effects of lateral retinacular release on the lateral stability of the patella (2005)

Abstract The objective of this cadaveric study was to evaluate quantitatively the effects of lateral retinacular release on the lateral stability of the patella. A materials testing machine was used to displace the patella of seven cadaveric specimens 10 mm laterally while measuring the required force, with 175 N quadriceps tension. The patella was connected via a ball‐bearing patellar mounting 10 mm deep to the anterior surface to allow rotations. Patellar force‐‐displacement behaviour was tested from 0° to 60° knee flexion. At 0°, 10° and 20° flexion the mean force required to displace the patella 10 mm laterally was reduced significantly due to lateral retinacular release, by 16–19%. The average force required to displace the patella was also reduced for larger flexion angles, although this was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that lateral retinacular release may not be appropriate in treatment of patellar lateral instability.
Effect of Activation Wavefront on Electrogram Characteristics During Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation (2019)

Background Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in structural heart disease is challenging because of noninducibility or hemodynamic compromise. Ablation often depends on elimination of local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs) but which may be hidden in far-field signal. We investigated whether altering activation wavefront affects activation timing and LAVA characterization and allows a better understanding of isthmus anatomy. Methods Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent mapping using the ultra-high density Rhythmia system (Boston Scientific). Maps were generated for all stable VTs and with pacing from the atrium, right ventricular apex, and an left ventricular branch of the coronary sinus. Results Fifty-six paced maps and 23 VT circuits were mapped in 22 patients. In 79% of activation maps, there was ≥1 line of block in the paced conduction wavefront, with 93% having fixed block and 32% showing functional partial block. Bipolar scar was larger with atrial than right ventricular (31.7±18.5 versus 27.6±16.3 cm<sup>2</sup>, P=0.003) or left ventricular pacing (31.7±18.5 versus 27.0±19.2 cm<sup>2</sup>, P=0.009); LAVA areas were smaller with atrial than right ventricular (12.3±10.5 versus 18.4±11.0 cm<sup>2</sup>, P<0.001) or left ventricular pacing (12.3±10.5 versus 17.1±10.7 cm<sup>2</sup>, P<0.001). LAVA areas were larger with wavefront propagation perpendicular versus parallel to the line of block along isthmus boundaries (19.3±7.1 versus 13.6±7.4 cm<sup>2</sup>, P=0.01). All patients had successful VT isthmus ablation. In 11±8 months follow-up, 2 patients had a recurrence. Conclusions Wavefronts of conduction slowing/block may aid identification of critical isthmuses in unmappable VTs. Altering the activation wavefront leads to significant differences in conduction properties of myocardial tissue, along with scar and LAVA characterization. In patients where few LAVAs are identified during substrate mapping, using an alternate activation wavefront running perpendicular to the VT isthmus may increase sensitivity to detect arrhythmogenic substrate and critical sites for reentry.
Vapor Phase Epitaxial Growth of MgO · Al2 O 3 (1982)

An Si on on Si double heterostructure material for integrated circuits has been developed. The epitaxial layer on Si was grown by using an open‐tube vapor phase transport technique. The electron Hall mobility and the defect density of the Si active layer on epitaxially grown were and , respectively, when the Si thickness was 8 μm and the doping concentration was . The growth conditions of epitaxial layers and the characteristics of the Si active layers are presented.
Changes in Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT2) and Synaptophysin in Rat Substantia nigra and Prefrontal Cortex Induced by Psychotropic Drugs (2001)

We investigated the regulatory effect of the dopaminergic agent L-dopa, the mood stabilizer lithium and the nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on brain vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) expression. Rats were treated chronically (21 days) with the three psychoactive drugs. VMAT2 gene expression at the protein level was assessed in the prefrontal cortex and striatum by autoradiography with high-affinity [(3)H]dihydrotetrabenazine ([(3)H]TBZOH) binding and at the mRNA level in the substantia nigra pars compacta by in situ hybridization. In addition, the effect of various treatments on the synaptophysin mRNA level was determined in the substantia nigra by in situ hybridization. Chronic administration of L-dopa resulted in a significant decrease (28%, p < 0.05) in the density of [(3)H]TBZOH binding in the prefrontal cortex but had no effect on VMAT2 and synaptophysin mRNA levels in the substantia nigra. Lithium treatment increased [(3)H]TBZOH-specific binding in the prefrontal cortex (23%, p < 0.05) but had no effect on VMAT2 and synaptophysin mRNA levels. Phenelzine did not modulate VMAT2 gene expression but reduced the synaptophysin mRNA level (19%, p < 0.05). The modulatory activities of these drugs, although relatively weak, may be relevant to the drug-induced synaptic and neuronal plasticity as well as to the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of monoamine-related neuropsychiatric disorders.