gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas Suppression via Copper Interlayers in Magnetron Sputtered Al–Cu2O Multilayers (2017)

The use of thin-foil, self-propagating thermite reactions to bond components successfully depends on the ability to suppress gas generation and avoid pore formation during the exothermic production of brazes. To study the mechanisms of vapor production in diluted thermites, thin film multilayer Al-Cu-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-Cu foils are produced via magnetron sputtering, where the Cu layer thickness is systematically increased from 0 to 100 nm in 25 nm increments. The excess Cu layers act as diffusion barriers, limiting the transport of oxygen from the oxide to the Al fuel, as determined by slow heating differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Furthermore, by adding excess Cu to the system, the temperature of the self-propagating thermite reactions drops below the boiling point of Cu, eliminating the metal vapor production. It is determined that Cu vapor production can be eliminated by increasing the Cu interlayer thickness above 50 nm. However, the porous nature of the final products suggests that only metal vapor production is suppressed via dilution. Gas generation via oxygen release is still capable of producing a porous reaction product.
Medium wave DRM trials in Brazil &#x2014; Initial results (2011)

This paper describes the experimental setup and presents initial results of medium wave propagation measurements campaigns that are being carried out in Brazil. The experiment is part of a series of field trials that are being conducted by the Brazilian Government to evaluate the performance of DRM standard in this country, which includes campaigns at MW, HF and VHF frequency bands in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. A hybrid signal, composed of an analog AM signal and a digital DRM signal, with the same content, were broadcasted in diurnal and nocturnal transmissions. The results presented here include daytime and nighttime statistics of the measurements performed in São Paulo.
Attention Forcing for Sequence-to-sequence Model Training (2019)

Auto-regressive sequence-to-sequence models with attention mechanism have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks such as machine translation and speech synthesis. These models can be difficult to train. The standard approach, teacher forcing, guides a model with reference output history during training. The problem is that the model is unlikely to recover from its mistakes during inference, where the reference output is replaced by generated output. Several approaches deal with this problem, largely by guiding the model with generated output history. To make training stable, these approaches often require a heuristic schedule or an auxiliary classifier. This paper introduces attention forcing, which guides the model with generated output history and reference attention. This approach can train the model to recover from its mistakes, in a stable fashion, without the need for a schedule or a classifier. In addition, it allows the model to generate output sequences aligned with the references, which can be important for cascaded systems like many speech synthesis systems. Experiments on speech synthesis show that attention forcing yields significant performance gain. Experiments on machine translation show that for tasks where various re-orderings of the output are valid, guiding the model with generated output history is challenging, while guiding the model with reference attention is beneficial.
Investigations on the Quality Factor of Lithium Niobate Laterally Vibrating Resonators with Figure of Merit Greater than 1,500 (2018)

This paper reports on quality factor investigations of high-performance 50 MHz X-cut Lithium Niobate (LN) Laterally Vibrating Resonators (LVR). The effects of resonators' topology on the Figure of Merit (FoM) -product of quality factor at series resonance (\pmbQs) and electromechanical coupling (\pmbkt <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) - are studied in regard to the most important design variables for single element devices. Vacuum measurements highlighted a consistent increase (+ 25%) in \pmbQs. Low temperature measurements pointed out that electrical loading is one of the most important sources of damping for the devices under study. A Monte Carlo approach was used to simulate the effects of frequency mismatch on \pmbQs as a function of the number of elements forming parallel arrays of resonators. For individual resonators, FoMs over 1,500 were recorded in vacuum, with \pmbQs ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 and , the highest ever recorded for resonators in the MHz range.
Unicode-based graphemic systems for limited resource languages (2015)

Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems require a mapping from words, or tokens, into sub-word units to enable robust estimation of acoustic model parameters, and to model words not seen in the training data. The standard approach to achieve this is to manually generate a lexicon where words are mapped into phones, often with attributes associated with each of these phones. Contextdependent acoustic models are then constructed using decision trees where questions are asked based on the phones and phone attributes. For low-resource languages, it may not be practical to manually generate a lexicon. An alternative approach is to use a graphemic lexicon, where the “pronunciation” for a word is defined by the letters forming that word. This paper proposes a simple approach for building graphemic systems for any language written in unicode. The attributes for graphemes are automatically derived using features from the unicode character descriptions. These attributes are then used in decision tree construction. This approach is examined on the IARPA Babel Option Period 2 languages, and a Levantine Arabic CTS task. The described approach achieves comparable, and complementary, performance to phonetic lexicon-based approaches.
Application of experimental design methodology to the study of the synthesis of nucleosides (1988)

Abstract A factorial design has been used to study the effect of three factors on the reaction between 4‐amino‐8 H ‐pyrazino[2,3‐ c ]‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐dioxide and 1,2,3,5‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose. Reaction conditions have been found in which the usually less abundant N‐8 isomer is selectively obtained.
Characterisation of Low Noise 4H-SiC Avalanche Photodiodes (2010)

We report photomultiplication, M, and excess noise, F, measurements at 244nm and 325nm in two 4H-SiC separate absorption and multiplication region avalanche photodiodes (SAM-APDs). Sample A is a 4 x 4 array of 16 SAM-APDs. This structure possesses a relatively thin absorption layer resulting in more mixed injection, and consequently higher noise than sample B. The absorption layer of sample B does not deplete, so 244nm light results in &gt;99% absorption outside the depletion region resulting in very low excess noise. Both structures exhibit very low dark currents and abrupt uniform breakdown at 194V and 624V for samples A and B respectively. Excess noise is treated using a local model [1]. The effective ratio of impact ionisation coefficients (keff) is approximately 0.007, this indicates a significant reduction in the electron impact ionisation coefficient, α, compared to prior work [2-5]. We conclude that the value of α will require modification if thick silicon carbide structures are to fit the local model for multiplication and excess noise.
Fluorescence Solvatochromism of Carbon Dot Dispersions Prepared from Phenylenediamine and Optimization of Red Emission (2019)

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are of interest as a promising alternative to quantum dots, partly because they do not include heavy metals. However, most CDs exhibit blue or green emission, while red-emitting CDs are required for a variety of applications. In the present work, CDs were synthesized by refluxing three phenylenediamine (PD) isomers with amino groups at different positions (<i>o</i>-PD, <i>m</i>-PD, and <i>p</i>-PD) in diphenyl ether at 250 °C for 4 h. Upon dispersing the resulting CDs in eight solvents with different polarities, emission colors ranging from green to red were observed. Among these CDs, <i>p</i>-PD-derived CDs exhibited both the longest emission wavelength range, from 538 to 635 nm, and the highest absolute red photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 15%. Herein the results are discussed based on a comparison of the polymerization processes of <i>o</i>-PD, <i>m</i>-PD, and <i>p</i>-PD. This work demonstrated that the optimum reaction time was 2 h, which yields a <i>p</i>-PD-derived CD dispersion in methanol with red emission and an absolute PLQY as high as 18%. Additionally, the use of 1-decanol and deuterated methanol in place of methanol improved the maximum absolute PLQY to 25% and 36%, respectively. These improved values are attributed to reduced concentration quenching by suppression of π-π stacking interactions and inhibition of the nonradiative relaxation process through the vibration of OH groups, respectively.
Evaluation of low-ash poultry meal as a protein source in canine foods1 (2003)

Eight mature female dogs (18.0 ± 0.2 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to determine the feeding value of low-ash poultry meal (PM) in a complete food fed to dogs. All foods contained graded concentrations of PM (10.4 to 32.5% DM), resulting in foods that were 10, 15, 20, and 25% CP. Daily DMI averaged 284 ± 14 g/d. An increase in PM resulted in an increase in fecal moisture from 44.7 to 55.1% (linear; P < 0.01), and fecal DM output increased from 24.8 to 31.6 g/d (linear; P < 0.05). Ileal DM flow increased from 27.1 to 40.7 g/d (linear; P < 0.01). Small intestinal DM digestibility decreased from 90.4 to 86.1% (linear; P < 0.01) and total-tract DM digestibility decreased from 91.2 to 89.4% (linear; P < 0.01) as PM increased. Large intestinal DM digestibility increased from 8.4 to 21.1% with increasing PM (linear; P < 0.05). Fecal excretion of CP increased from 5.6 to 10.0 g/d (linear; P < 0.01) and ileal flow of CP increased from 6.9 to 15.6 g/d (linear; P < 0.01) as PM increased. Small intestinal CP digestibility was unaffected with treatment (P > 0.05). Large intestinal CP digestibility increased from 21.6 to 37.1% (linear; P < 0.05) with increasing PM. Total-tract CP digestibility increased from 81.0 to 86.6% (linear; P < 0.01) as PM increased. Arginine had the highest overall digestibility ranging from 88.5 to 91.3%, whereas cysteine had the lowest digestibility, ranging from 67.1 to 71.4%. These data indicate that PM is a highly digestible protein source for canine foods with inclusions of 10.4 to 32.5% of DM.
Schottky contacts and conduction band offsets in bandgap engineered InGaAlAs/InP heterostructures (2002)

The I-V/C-V characteristics of Schottky diodes fabricated on InGaAlAs/InP heterostructures are reported with Al mole fraction varying in the quaternary alloy. InGaAlAs epilayers are grown lattice-matched to InP by molecular beam epitaxy with bandgap varying in the energy range 0.8-1.42 eV. It is noted that at room temperature the Schottky characteristics are not observable on these structures where the Al mole fraction is less than 0.42 because of the low metal-semiconductor contact potentials and the dominance of thermionic emission. CV measurement is found to be appropriate for determining the conduction band offsets in samples where the contact is ohmic. This occurs for the case where Al mole fraction is less than 0.12. Also noted is that for an Al mole fraction of 0.23, the bandgap lineup changes from type I to staggered type Il. The variation of Schottky barrier potential is also reported as a function of Al mole fraction in the alloy.
Hardware-aware motion estimation search algorithm development for high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard (2012)

This work presents a hardware-aware search algorithm for HEVC motion estimation. Implications of several decisions in search algorithm are considered with respect to their hardware implementation costs (in terms of area and bandwidth). Proposed algorithm provides 3X logic area in integer motion estimation, 16% on-chip reference buffer area and 47X maximum off-chip bandwidth savings when compared to HM-3.0 fast search algorithm.
Temporal Segmentation of 3-D Video by Histogram-Based Feature Vectors (2009)

Three-dimensional (3-D) video, which is a sequence of time-varying mesh models generated in a multi-camera studio, is attracting increased attention, because it can record and reproduce the 3-D information of real-world objects with high accuracy. As one of the most important preprocessings for indexing, annotation, retrieval, and many other functions in management of a 3-D video database, it is necessary to temporally segment 3-D video into meaningful and manageable segments. We have developed robust and effective segmentation algorithms using histogram-based feature vector representation, striving to understand and manage 3-D video contents. We have developed two approaches to generate feature vectors by vertex positions in the mesh models: one uses the Cartesian coordinate system and the other employs the spherical coordinate system. Then, 3-D video is segmented by the motion intensity of an object, which is analyzed by the feature vectors. The segmentation algorithms we have developed are applied to three different 3-D video sequences. A statistical method is presented to evaluate the segmentation results. High recall and precision rates of 0.95 and 0.77, respectively, are achieved in the best case.
MicroRec: Efficient Recommendation Inference by Hardware and Data Structure Solutions (2020)

Deep neural networks are widely used in personalized recommendation systems. Unlike regular DNN inference workloads, recommendation inference is memory-bound due to the many random memory accesses needed to lookup the embedding tables. The inference is also heavily constrained in terms of latency because producing a recommendation for a user must be done in about tens of milliseconds. In this paper, we propose MicroRec, a high-performance inference engine for recommendation systems. MicroRec accelerates recommendation inference by (1) redesigning the data structures involved in the embeddings to reduce the number of lookups needed and (2) taking advantage of the availability of High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) in FPGA accelerators to tackle the latency by enabling parallel lookups. We have implemented the resulting design on an FPGA board including the embedding lookup step as well as the complete inference process. Compared to the optimized CPU baseline (16 vCPU, AVX2-enabled), MicroRec achieves 13.8~14.7x speedup on embedding lookup alone and 2.5$~5.4x speedup for the entire recommendation inference in terms of throughput. As for latency, CPU-based engines needs milliseconds for inferring a recommendation while MicroRec only takes microseconds, a significant advantage in real-time recommendation systems.
Compact silicon double and triple dots realized with only two gates (2009)

We report electronic transport on silicon double and triple dots created with the optimized number of two gates. Using silicon nitride spacers two dots in series are created below two top gates overlapping a silicon nanowire. Coupling between dots is controlled by gate voltages. A third dot is created either by combined action of gate voltages or local doping depending on the spacers length. The main characteristics of the triple dot stability diagram are quantitatively fitted.
22-Oxacalcitriol: dissection of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor-mediated and Ca2+ entry-stimulating pathways (1993)

22-Oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (oxacalcitriol, or OCT) is a bioactive analogue of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] with lower calcemic activity than the parent compound. We investigated the ability of OCT to stimulate 1) genomic pathways mediated by nuclear receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 versus 2) nongenomic pathways mediated by voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in growth phase rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) and in chick intestine. Effects on nuclear receptor-mediated pathways were evaluated by measuring the ability of OCT to compete with [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 for soluble receptors. We also measured the ability of OCT to increase mRNA encoding osteoblast marker proteins osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), which are both increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Effects on Ca2+ entry into osteoblasts were measured using 45Ca2+ influx assays. The rapid stimulation of calcium absorption (transcaltachia) in chick intestine treated with OCT also was measured. We found that OCT bound to the nuclear receptor with lower binding affinity [relative competitive index (RCI) = 48.1 for ROS 17/2.8; RCI = 14.8 for chick intestine] than 1,25(OH)2D3 (RCI = 100). Like 1,25(OH)2D3, OCT increased mRNA levels of OPN and OCN in ROS 17/2.8 cells over a 48-h period. In contrast, OCT had no effect on transmembrane influx of 45Ca2+ across ROS cell membranes, whereas uptake was stimulated within 1 min by 1 nM 1,25(OH)2D3. In transcaltachia assays in perfused duodenum, OCT stimulated absorption with a maximum response at 6.5 nM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tunable laser pumped 3 mu m Ho:YAlO/sub 3/ laser (1991)

The tuning characteristics of the /sup 5/I/sub 6/-/sup 5/I/sub 7/ transition in a Ho:YAlO/sub 3 /laser, intracavity pumped by a 1.079 mu m Nd:YalO/sub 3/ laser, were studied. Operation on seven distinct lines between 2.844 and 3.017 mu m was found, and the threshold and relative slope efficiency of each line was measured. Several of these lines were previously unreported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enhancing glycolysis attenuates Parkinson’s disease progression in models and clinical databases (2019)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that lacks therapies to prevent progressive neurodegeneration. Impaired energy metabolism and reduced ATP levels are common features of PD. Previous studies revealed that terazosin (TZ) enhances the activity of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), thereby stimulating glycolysis and increasing cellular ATP levels. Therefore, we asked whether enhancement of PGK1 activity would change the course of PD. In toxin-induced and genetic PD models in mice, rats, flies, and induced pluripotent stem cells, TZ increased brain ATP levels and slowed or prevented neuron loss. The drug increased dopamine levels and partially restored motor function. Because TZ is prescribed clinically, we also interrogated 2 distinct human databases. We found slower disease progression, decreased PD-related complications, and a reduced frequency of PD diagnoses in individuals taking TZ and related drugs. These findings suggest that enhancing PGK1 activity and increasing glycolysis may slow neurodegeneration in PD.
Discrete and continuous maxima in OFDM signals (2004)

We derive new relations between the continuous and discrete maxima of OFDM signals. The discretization of the signals is done with oversampling factor 1.5.
Effects of carrier transport on injection efficiency and wavelength chirping in quantum-well lasers (1993)

Using the steady-state solution to the carrier transport rate equation model for the quantum-well laser that they had previously proposed, the authors derive analytic expressions for the laser internal efficiency, carrier injection efficiency, and wavelength chirping under current modulation and show that the various carrier transport times can have a significant effect on these quantities. They present experimental data and theoretical calculations that clearly demonstrate that, as in the case of device optimization for high-speed operation, one has to minimize the transport time across the optical and current confinement regions and maximize the escape time out of the quantum-well active region in order to maximize the internal and the injection efficiencies and minimize the wavelength chirping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Decoupling and Cloaking of Interleaved Phased Antenna Arrays Using Elliptical Metasurfaces (2020)

We apply the concept of electromagnetic invisibility/cloaking to improve the radiation properties and decouple two tightly spaced and interleaved phased linear antenna arrays of strip monopoles operating at close frequencies, in order to restore their isolated radiation patterns and eliminate the undesired cross-coupling between their elements. We realize this effect using elliptically shaped cloaking metasurfaces designed for mutually cross-coupled elements of the distinct arrays. We analyze and investigate the cloaking and decoupling effects in improving the functionality of the coupled arrays in terms of their radiation patterns and realized gain, respectively. As a result, the antenna arrays placed in close proximity of each other can radiate independently for a wide range of beam scanning angles, restoring the properties they would have when isolated from each other.
An efficient Parallel Substrate for Typed Feature Structures on shared memory parallel machines (1998)

This paper describes an efficient parallel system for processing Typed Feature Structures (TFSs) on shared-memory parallel machines. We call the system Parallel Substrate for TFS (PSTFS). PSTFS is designed for parallel computing environments where a large number of agents are working and communicating with each other. Such agents use PSTFS as their low-level module for solving constraints on TFSs and sending/receiving TFSs to/from other agents in an efficient manner. From a programmers' point of view, PSTFS provides a simple and unified mechanism for building high-level parallel NLP systems. The performance and the flexibility of our PSTFS are shown through the experiments on two different types of parallel HPSG parsers. The speed-up was more than 10 times on both parsers.
Efficient channel assignment algorithms for infrastructure WLANs under dense deployment (2009)

It is well known that WLAN based on the IEEE 802.11 standard suffers from interference and scalability problems due to a limited number of non-overlapping channels. In order to mitigate the interference problem, channel assignment algorithms have been a popular research topic in recent years. It has been shown that such algorithms can greatly reduce the interference among wireless access points. However, in this paper we show that previously proposed channel assignment algorithms may lead to an increased number of hidden nodes in dense network deployments. We also show that this can significantly decrease the performance of the network. Furthermore, we present results from experiments showing that the RTS/CTS mechanism is unable to solve the hidden node problem in infrastructure WLANs and therefore, careful consideration needs to be taken when choosing channel assignment strategies in densely deployed wireless networks. To this end, we propose two novel channel assignment algorithms. Using a simulation study, we show that the proposed algorithms can outperform traditional channel assignment in densely deployed scenarios, in terms of QoS sensitive VoIP support without compromising the aggregate throughput and are therefore a better performing alternative in such settings.
Light-Controlled Switching of Fluorescence from Mn-doped ZnSe Quantum Dots (2008)

We report on the optical and fully-reversible control over fluorescence from Mn-doped ZnSe quantum nanocrystals. Such optical control over electronic transitions within these nanocrystals enables, for the first time, diffraction unlimited imaging using quantum dots.