gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FMISO‐PET Is a Predictor of Survival Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Objective Evaluate the usefulness of [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO)‐positron emission tomography (PET) prior to treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Method We evaluated 30 lesions from 17 patients with HNSCC underwent pretreatment FMISO‐PET. SUVmax and tumor‐to‐muscle ratios (TMR) were measured as hypoxia indicators and tumors were defined as hypoxic or normoxic. Between the hypoxic tumor group and the normoxic tumor group, local control rates with radiotherapy and survival prognosis were compared. Results Radiotherapy outcome: Local control rates with radiotherapy (20‐month median follow‐up duration) were significantly lower for the hypoxic tumor group using either SUVmax or TMR as the hypoxic indicator ( P =. 02 and. 04‐respectively). Patient Prognosis (operation or radiotherapy): No significant difference was found between the hypoxic and the normoxic patient groups for event‐free survival rate (12‐month median follow‐up duration) using either SUVmax or TMR as the hypoxic indicator ( P =. 07 and. 13, respectively). On the other hand, disease specific survival rate (21‐month median follow‐up duration) was significantly lower in the hypoxic group defined by SUVmax ( P =. 04), but was not by TMR ( P =. 57). Conclusion The current results suggest that the radiotherapy outcome and survival prognosis (operation or radiotherapy) in HNSCC may be predicted by carrying out [18F]FMISO ‐PET/CT before treatment.
Plant Protein O-Arabinosylation (2021)

A wide range of proteins with diverse functions in development, defense, and stress responses are <i>O</i>-arabinosylated at hydroxyprolines (Hyps) within distinct amino acid motifs of continuous stretches of Hyps, as found in the structural cell wall extensins, or at non-continuous Hyps as, for example, found in small peptide hormones and a variety of plasma membrane proteins involved in signaling. Plant <i>O</i>-glycosylation relies on hydroxylation of Prolines to Hyps in the protein backbone, mediated by prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) which is followed by <i>O</i>-glycosylation of the Hyp C<sub>4</sub>-OH group by either galactosyltransferases (GalTs) or arabinofuranosyltranferases (Ara<i>f</i>Ts) yielding either Hyp-galactosylation or Hyp-arabinosylation. A subset of the P4H enzymes with putative preference to hydroxylation of continuous prolines and presumably all Ara<i>f</i>T enzymes needed for synthesis of the substituted arabinose chains of one to four arabinose units, have been identified and functionally characterized. Truncated root-hair phenotype is one common denominator of mutants of Hyp formation and Hyp-arabinosylation glycogenes, which act on diverse groups of <i>O</i>-glycosylated proteins, e.g., the small peptide hormones and cell wall extensins. Dissection of different substrate derived effects may not be regularly feasible and thus complicate translation from genotype to phenotype. Recently, lack of proper arabinosylation on arabinosylated proteins has been shown to influence their transport/fate in the secretory pathway, hinting to an additional layer of functionality of <i>O</i>-arabinosylation. Here, we provide an update on the prevalence and types of <i>O</i>-arabinosylated proteins and the enzymatic machinery responsible for their modifications.
Corneal topographic analysis in patients with keratoconus using 3-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (2011)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Signaling in Insulin-Secreting MIN6 Pseudoislets and Monolayer Cells (2013)

Cell-cell interactions are of fundamental importance for cellular function. In islets of Langerhans, which control blood glucose levels by secreting insulin in response to the blood glucose concentration, the secretory response of intact islets is higher than that of insulin-producing beta-cells not arranged in the islet architecture. The objective was to define mechanisms by which cellular performance is enhanced when cells are arranged in three-dimensional space. The task was addressed by making a comprehensive analysis based on protein expression patterns generated from insulin-secreting MIN6 cells grown as islet-like clusters, so-called pseudoislets, and in monolayers. After culture, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured from monolayers and pseudoislets. GSIS rose 6-fold in pseudoislets but only 3-fold in monolayers when the glucose concentration was increased from 2 to 20 mmol/L. Proteins from pseudoislets and monolayers were extracted and analyzed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry, and differentially expressed proteins were mapped onto KEGG pathways. Protein profiling identified 1576 proteins, which were common to pseudoislets and monolayers. When mapped onto KEGG pathways, 11 highly enriched pathways were identified. On the basis of differences in expression of proteins belonging to the pathways in pseudoislets and monolayers, predictions of differential pathway activation were performed. Mechanisms enhancing insulin secretory capacity of the beta-cell, when situated in the islet, include pathways regulating glucose metabolism, cell interaction, and translational regulation.
Sidelobe Suppression of Terahertz Emitters with Horn Antennas (2019)

The suppression of sidelobe emission will be a critical need for terahertz wireless data links in order to avoid interference. We demonstrate a strategy for suppression of horn antenna sidelobes using affordable millimeter wave absorbers.
An architecture for intelligent task interruption (1990)

In the design of real time systems the capability for task interruption is often considered essential. The problem of task interruption in knowledge-based domains is examined. It is proposed that task interruption can be often avoided by using appropriate functional architectures and knowledge engineering principles. Situations for which task interruption is indispensable, a preliminary architecture based on priority hierarchies is described.
Vestas Power Plant Solutions Integrating Wind, Solar PV and Energy Storage (2018)

This paper addresses a value proposition and feasible system topologies for hybrid power plant solutions integrating wind, solar PV and energy storage and moreover provides insights into Vestas hybrid power plant projects. Seen from the perspective of a wind power plant developer, these hybrid solutions provide a number of benefits that could potentially reduce the Levelized Cost of Energy and enable entrance to new markets for wind power and facilitate the transition to a more sustainable energy mix. First, various system topologies are described in order to distinguish the generic concepts for the electrical infrastructure of hybrid power plants. Subsequently, the benefits of combining wind and solar PV power as well as the advantages of combining variable renewable energy sources with energy storage are elaborated. Finally, the world’s first utility-scale hybrid power plant combining wind, solar PV and energy storage is presented.
Balanced binary trees for ID management and load balance in distributed hash tables (2004)

We present a low-cost, decentralized algorithm for ID management in distributed hash tables (DHTs) managed by a dynamic set of hosts. Each host is assigned an ID in the unit interval [0, 1). At any time, the set of IDs splits the interval into disjoint partitions. Hosts do not possess global knowledge of other IDs in the system. The challenge then is to design an efficient decentralized algorithm that maintains roughly equi-sized partitions, in the face of arrivals, departures and changes in the average number of hosts.Our ID management algorithm is the first to enjoy all of the following properties: (a) both arrivals and departures of hosts are handled, (b) departure of a host causes at most one existing host to change its ID, (c) the ratio of the largest to the smallest partition is at most 4, with high probability, and (d) the expected cost per arrival/departure is Θ(R + log n) messages, where n denotes the current number of participants, and R denotes the cost of routing one message in the DHT. In fact, our algorithm is independent of the topology of the overlay network used for routing.Variations of our algorithm diminish the ratio between the largest and the smallest partition to (1 + ε), for any ε > 0, albeit at the cost of re-assigning the IDs of O(1/ε) existing hosts per arrival/departure. Ours is the first algorithm that allows such fine-tuning.Finally, our ID management algorithm enables (a) estimation of the total number of hosts in the system by making only local measurements, and (b) emulation of a variety of deterministic and randomized families of routing topologies, in a straightforward fashion. Among these families are several networks that require O(log n/log k) routing hops in an n-node network with k links per node.
Optimization of Truncated Glucagon Peptides to Achieve Selective, High Potency, Full Antagonists (2021)

Antagonism of glucagon's biological action is a proven strategy for decreasing glucose in diabetic animals and patients. To achieve full, potent, and selective suppression, we chemically optimized N-terminally truncated glucagon fragments for the identification and establishment of the minimum sequence peptide, [Glu9]glucagon(6-29) amide (<b>11</b>) as a full antagonist in cellular signaling and receptor binding (IC<sub>50</sub> = 36 nM). Substitution of Phe6 with l-3-phenyllactic acid (Pla) produced [Pla6, Glu9]glucagon(6-29) amide (<b>21</b>), resulting in a 3-fold improvement in receptor binding (IC<sub>50</sub> = 12 nM) and enhanced antagonist potency. Further substitution of Glu9 and Asn28 with aspartic acid yielded [Pla6, Asp28]glucagon amide (<b>26</b>), which demonstrated a further increase in inhibitory potency (IC<sub>50</sub> = 9 nM), and improved aqueous solubility. Peptide <b>26</b> and a palmitoylated analogue, [Pla6, Lys10(γGluγGlu-C16), Asp28]glucagon(6-29) amide (<b>31</b>), displayed sustained duration <i>in vivo</i> action that successfully reversed glucagon-induced glucose elevation in mice.
Design and evaluation of an extended-release matrix tablet formulation; the combination of hypromellose acetate succinate and hydroxypropylcellulose (2016)

The purpose of this study was to develop an extended-release (ER) matrix tablet that shows robust dissolution properties able to account for the variability of pH and mechanical stress in the GI tract using a combination of enteric polymer and hydrophilic polymer. Hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) were selected as ER polymers for the ER matrix tablet (HPMCAS/HPC ER matrix tablet). Oxycodone hydrochloride was employed as a model drug. Dissolution properties of the HPMCAS/HPC ER matrix tablets were evaluated and were not affected by the pH of the test medium or paddle rotating speed. In a USP apparatus 3 (bio-relevant dissolution method), dissolution profiles of the HPMCAS/HPC ER matrix tablets containing oxycodone hydrochloride were similar to that of the reference product (OxyContin). Moreover, <i>in vivo</i> performance after oral administration of the HPMCAS/HPC ER matrix tablets to humans was simulated by GastroPlus based on dissolution profiles from the USP apparatus 3. The plasma concentration-time profile simulated was similar to that of the reference product. These results suggest that the combination of HPMCAS and HPC shows a robust dissolution profile against pH and paddle rotating speed and indicates the appropriate extended-release profile in humans.
A digital microfluidic device with integrated nanostructured microelectrodes for electrochemical immunoassays (2015)

Nanostructured microelectrodes (NMEs) are three-dimensional electrodes that have superb sensitivity for electroanalysis. Here we report the integration of NMEs with the versatile fluid-handling system digital microfluidics (DMF), for eventual application to distributed diagnostics outside of the laboratory. In the new methods reported here, indium tin oxide DMF top plates were modified to include Au NMEs as well as counter and pseudoreference electrodes. The new system was observed to outperform planar sensing electrodes of the type that are typically integrated with DMF. A rubella virus (RV) IgG immunoassay was developed to evaluate the diagnostic potential for the new system, relying on magnetic microparticles coated with RV particles and analysis by differential pulse voltammetry. The limit of detection of the assay (0.07 IU mL(-1)) was >100× below the World Health Organization defined cut-off for rubella immunity. The sensitivity of the integrated device and its small size suggest future utility for distributed diagnostics.
Spectral, redox and kinetic characteristics of high‐potential cytochrome c hemes in Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction center (1986)

Redox, optical and kinetic characteristics of the four‐heme cytochrome c tightly bound to the reaction center complexes of Rhodopseudomonas viridis have been studied. The two high‐potential hemes, previously thought to be identical, are shown to differ in midpoint potentials, absorption spectra and kinetics of photooxidation. One heme is characterized by E m = 380 ± 10 mV, and a split α‐band (a peak at 559 nm and a shoulder at 553 nm) whereas the other has an E m = 310±10 mV and a symmetrical α‐band at 556 nm. Kinetics of laser flash oxidation of the c ‐ heme by the photogenerated P‐960 + (τ ~ 0.3 μs) matches closely that of the bacteriochlorophyll reduction and precedes oxidation of the c ‐556 heme, the latter occurring with τ ~ 2.5 μs concurrently with heme c ‐ re‐reduction. The data point to heme c ‐ being an immediate electron donor to P‐960 + . Accordingly, this heme is tentatively identified with the iron‐porphyrin group proximal to the bacteriochlorophyll special pair in the three‐dimensional model of Rps. viridis reaction centers complexes [(1985) Nature 318, 618‐624]. Thus, the following reaction sequence is assumed: c ‐556 → c ‐559 → P‐960 + .
Free Radical Yields in A:T Polydeoxynucleotides, Oligodeoxynucleotides, and Monodeoxynucleotides at 4 K (1992)

Dose-response curves for free radical trapping in monomers, dimers, and polymers of dAMP and TMP have been measured. Powder samples pressed into pellets were X-irradiated and observed at 4 K using EPR at Q-band microwave frequencies. The initial free-radical yield (G value) and the destruction rate (k value) are reported for 22 samples. The absolute magnitude and relative changes in G are informative. For example, the duplex of homopolymers, poly(dA):poly(T)(Na), gives a large G of 6 while the closely related duplex of alternating ATs, poly(dA-T)(Na), gives a G value of 3. At G of around 6, the range of the bound electrons (e-) and electron loss centers (holes) is believed to be very limited. Two factors are suggested as important to limiting the range, proton transfer between strands and the low probability of radical transfer between strands. The lower G values are viewed as being due to relatively small increases in the range of e- and/or holes.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hybrubin A (2016)

Here, we report the first total synthesis of hybrubin A, a bipyrrole tetramic acid alkaloid representing a new carbon framework derived from convergent (truncated red cluster and exogenous hbn cluster) biosynthetic pathways. A highly convergent synthesis was developed, employing 4-methoxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one (13) as a single starting material to provide hybrubin A in three steps from 13 and 20.8% overall yield. As no biological activity was prescribed to hybrubin A except for a lack of cytotoxicity, we further profiled this unique alkaloid across panels of discrete molecular targets. Interestingly, hybrubin A was found to be a ligand for a variety of GPCRs with a propensity for potent binding across therapeutically relevant adenosine receptors (A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2a</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub>) as well as a potent activity at a kinase, FLT3. This pattern of biological activity is distinct from other related prodigiosin natural and unnatural products and is even more intriguing in the absence of cytotoxicity.
Structuring collections with Scatter/Gather extensions (2008)

A major component of sense-making is organizing--grouping, labeling, and summarizing--the data at hand in order to form a useful mental model, a necessary precursor to identifying missing information and to reasoning about the data. Previous work has shown the Scatter/Gather model to be useful in exploratory activities that occur when users encounter unknown document collections. However, the topic structure communicated by Scatter/Gather is closely tied to the behavior of the underlying clustering algorithm; this structure may not reflect the mental model most applicable to the information need. In this paper we describe the initial design of a mixed-initiative information structuring tool that leverages aspects of the well-studied Scatter/Gather model but permits the user to impose their own desired structure when necessary.
Energy-Efficient Floating-Point Unit Design (2010)

Energy-efficient computation is critical if we are going to continue to scale performance in power-limited systems. For floating-point applications that have large amounts of data parallelism, one should optimize the throughput/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> given a power density constraint. We present a method for creating a trade-off curve that can be used to estimate the maximum floating-point performance given a set of area and power constraints. Looking at FP multiply-add units and ignoring register and memory overheads, we find that in a 90 nm CMOS technology at 1 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , one can achieve a performance of 27 GFlops/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> single precision, and 7.5 GFlops/mm double precision. Adding register file overheads reduces the throughput by less than 50 percent if the compute intensity is high. Since the energy of the basic gates is no longer scaling rapidly, to maintain constant power density with scaling requires moving the overall FP architecture to a lower energy/performance point. A 1 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> design at 90 nm is a "high-energy" design, so scaling it to a lower energy design in 45 nm still yields a 7× performance gain, while a more balanced 0.1 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> design only speeds up by 3.5× when scaled to 45 nm. Performance scaling below 45 nm rapidly decreases, with a projected improvement of only ~3x for both power densities when scaling to a 22 nm technology.
Cyber-attack risk low for medical devices (2015)

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Automated Lip-Sync for 3D-Character Animation (1997)

A central task for animating computer generated characters is the synchronization of lip movements and speech signal. For real time synchronization high technical effort, which involves a face tracking system or data gloves, is needed to drive the expressions of the character. If the speech signal is already given, off-line synchronization is possible but the animator is left with a time consuming manual process that often needs several passes of fine tuning. In this paper we present an automated technique for creating the lip movements of a computer-generated character from a given speech signal by using a neural net. The net is trained by a set of pre-produced animations. INTRODUCTION One of the major problems in character animation is the synchronization of the speech signal and lip movements. If the speech signal is already given, off-line synchronization is necessary by using a time-consuming process called &amp;quot;lip-sync&amp;quot; that is also used in classic cartoon animation. Here, the spe...
Unusual cause of pseudomonal infection (1995)

health care and its evaluation have led to the expectation that studies of use of health services will become prominent.It would be deplorable if unreasonable procedures regarding access to data were to hinder practical applications of health record linkage.Some people will undoubtedly argue that the consent of each subject should be obtained for any procedure that links records.We believe that governments, as custodians of health care data- bases, have a duty to allow scientific investigators access to them in view of the benefits that have resulted from previous studies based on these databases.A requirement for individual consent would lead to the extinction of useful research using health care databases.
Interfacing computers for the physically handicapped - A review of international approaches (1899)

The computer has shown great promise for expanding educational and occupational opportunities for severely handicapped individuals. The greatest obstacle facing these individuals today is that they are unable to access computers through traditional keyboards or other types of terminals. This paper describes the three basic techniques which have been successfully used to allow the severely handicapped to communicate with other people and with their environment. A review of over 25 various approaches which have been developed around the world is presented, including a comprehensive bibliography of available information.
Quantitative spectroscopic imaging for non-invasive early cancer detection (2008)

We report a fully quantitative spectroscopy imaging instrument for wide area detection of early cancer (dysplasia). This instrument provides quantitative maps of tissue biochemistry and morphology, making it a potentially powerful surveillance tool for objective early cancer detection. We describe the design, construction, calibration, and first clinical application of this new system. We demonstrate its accuracy using physical tissue models. We validate its diagnostic ability on a resected colon adenoma, and demonstrate feasibility of in vivo imaging in the oral cavity.