gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serially connected monolayer MoS FETs with channel patterned by a 7.5 nm resolution directed self-assembly lithography (2016)

We demonstrate sub-10 nm transistor channel lengths by directed self-assembly patterning of monolayer MoS[subscript 2] in a periodic chain of homojunction semiconducting-(2H) and metallic-phase (1T') MoS[subscript 2] regions with half-pitch of 7.5 nm. The MoS[subscript 2] composite transistor possesses an off-state current of 100 pA/μm and an I[subscript on]/I[subscript off] ratio in excess of 10[subscript 5]. Modeling of the resulting current-voltage characteristics reveals that the 2H/1T' MoS[subscript 2] homojunction has a resistance of 75 Ω.μm while the 2H-MoS[subscript 2] exhibits low-field mobility of ~8 cm[superscript 2]/V.s and carrier injection velocity of ~10[superscript 6] cm/s.
5‐2: Fluorescent OLED Achieving External Quantum Efficiency over 20% and Longer Lifetime than Phosphorescent OLED (2019)

This paper reports an exciton‐harvesting fluorescent OLED achieving an external quantum efficiency of 22% and three times longer lifetime than a phosphorescent OLED in the same emission color. A fluorescent dopant designed to prevent Dexter energy transfer from an energy donor plays an important role in such high performance.
Interstitial gene delivery in human xenograft prostate tumors using titanium metal seeds (2004)

Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of cancers. Strategies for gene vector delivery include systemic and local-regional approaches. Intratumoral delivery of vectors has generally employed direct injections into single or multiple locations throughout the tumor volume. However, this approach leads to nonuniform distributions of reagents within tumors and becomes cumbersome as the required number of injections is increased. We have investigated the effectiveness of an interstitial plasmid gene delivery based on using tiny metallic seeds (GeneSeeds) analogous to technology used for brachytherapy. Feasibility for interstitial use of GeneSeeds was demonstrated expressing reporter plasmids (green fluorescence protein or beta-galactosidase) in human xenograft prostate tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed effective interstitial delivery, vector expression, and distributions of reporter genes within tumors. Applicability of GeneSeeds for delivery of radiosensitizing cytokines was examined by generating a cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] expressing vector under the cytomegaloviral promoter and interstitially implanting GeneSeeds with this vector into prostate cancer tumors. TNF-alpha protein expression was observed around the ends of seeds and decreasing in an exponential gradient as a function of distance. The expression of TNF-alpha resulted in tumor growth delay of a human prostate cancer xenograft. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying interstitial delivery of gene expressing vectors for the treatment of human cancers.
USE OF A FRACTURED ROCK GEOPHYSICAL TOOLBOX (FRGT) PRIOR TO REMEDIATION AND MONITORING INITIATIVES IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE NEWARK BASIN, WEST TRENTON, NEW JERSEY (2013)

Borehole geophysical methods were used to determine the hydrogeologic framework at the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, in the fractured sedimentary rocks of the Newark Basin. Hydrogeophysical characterization was used to establish background conditions prior to initiation of a pilot-scale remediation effort that includes the injection of a down-hole amendment to enhance the biodegradation of chlorinated solvents. Geophysical logs were collected from 7 boreholes arranged in a 9.4-m-diameter circle and 1 borehole in the circle center. The suite of geophysical logs included caliper, gamma, normal resistivity, spontaneous potential, induced polarization, deviation, borehole radar tomography, radar reflection, neutron, nuclear magnetic resonance (in selected boreholes), and optical and acoustic televiewers. In addition, fluid resistivity, temperature, and flowmeter logs were collected before and after stressing the aquifer by injecting water, to identify changes in the water column that relate to hydraulically transmissive zones. Cross-hole flowmeter logging was conducted with short pressure pulse tests (injecting water for 10- to 15- minute intervals) while monitoring changes in vertical flow in each of the other boreholes to identify and characterize hydraulic connections between boreholes. The geophysical logs were used to identify the location and orientation of fractures, the hydraulically active fractures under pumping and stressed conditions, and the connections between the observation wells. The data were used to design and plan hydraulic tests and electrical resistivity monitoring surveys. In addition, the geophysical logs were compared to detailed geologic core analysis and were used to generate a hydrogeologic framework. This work provided critical information necessary for designing the remediation and monitoring strategies for the site.
Atomic Crosschain Transactions White Paper (2020)

Atomic Crosschain Transaction technology allows composable programming across private Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one part fails, the whole call graph of function calls is rolled back. It is not based on existing techniques such as Hash Time Locked Contracts, relay chains, block header transfer, or trusted intermediaries. BLS Threshold Signatures are used to prove to validators on one blockchain that information came from another blockchain and that a majority of the validators of that blockchain agree on the information. Coordination Contracts are used to manage the state of a Crosschain Transaction and as a repository of Blockchain Public Keys. Dynamic code analysis and signed nested transactions are used together with live argument checking to ensure execution only occurs if the execution results in valid state changes. Contract Locking and Lockability enable atomic updates.
Enhancing the sensitivity of plasmonic optical fiber sensors by analyzing the distribution of the optical modes intensity (2020)

Improving the sensitivity of plasmonic optical fiber sensors constitutes a major challenge as it could significantly enhance their sensing capabilities for the label-free detection of biomolecular interactions or chemical compounds. While many efforts focus on developing more sensitive structures, we present here how the sensitivity of a sensor can be significantly enhanced by improving the light analysis. Contrary to the common approach where the global intensity of the light coming from the core is averaged, our approach is based on the full analysis of the retro-reflected intensity distribution that evolves with the refractive index of the medium being analyzed. Thanks to this original and simple approach, the refractive index sensitivity of a plasmonic optical fiber sensor used in reflection mode was enhanced by a factor of 25 compared to the standard method. The reported approach opens exciting perspectives for improving the remote detection as well as for developing new sensing strategies.
Fiber optic gyro development at Honeywell (2016)

Two major architectures of fiber optic gyroscopes have been under development at Honeywell in recent years. The interferometric fiber optic gyro (IFOG) has been in production and deployment for various high performance space and marine applications. Different designs, offering very low noise, ranging from better than navigation grade to ultra-precise performance have been tested and produced. The resonator fiber optic gyro (RFOG) is also under development, primarily for its attractive potential for civil navigation usage, but also because of its scalability to other performance. New techniques to address optical backscatter and laser frequency noise have been developed and demonstrated. Development of novel, enhanced RFOG architectures using hollow core fiber, silicon optical bench technology, and highly stable multifrequency laser sources are discussed.
Temporal behavior of a conjugated beam by degenerate four-wave mixing in azo dyes (1987)

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a simple method to achieve phase conjugation. It uses the third-order nonlinearity of the electric susceptibility to produce changes in the optical properties of materials. A dynamic grating is then induced. Such gratings might be used as fast optical memories in optical computing. Our aim is to find media with large nonlinear susceptibilities and fast response time. We report phase conjugation of 532-nm laser radiation by DFWM in dye solutions. The time dependence of the conjugated wave is investigated experimentally and compared to theoretical predictions. We have also studied the influence of the solvents, dye concentration, and pump intensity on the phase conjugated signal. The results are compared with those predicted by three nonlinear mechanisms. Thermally induced refractive-index changes, Kerr effect, and saturable absorption are considered.
Pharmacotherapy in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction (2000)

Recent advances in the use of drugs for the treatment of two major sexual dysfunctions in men, erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, are presented. Optimal parameters for use, overall efficacy, and actual or presumed mechanism of action are discussed for both oral and nonoral medications that have been commonly used in the past 10 to 15 years. The limitations of the specific pharmacotherapies for treating sexual dysfunction, as well as the limitations of current research investigating various pharmacological options, are acknowledged. General issues surrounding the rising use of drugs for treating sexual dysfunction are also discussed, including the value of considering therapeutic goals and treatment options that focus on more than just restoration of genital function.
Novel small-molecule CRM-1 inhibitor for GI cancer therapy. (2012)

245 Background: Pancreatic (PC) and Colon (CC) cancer remain deadly diseases despite the advent of novel targeted and cytotoxic therapies. Therefore, identification of new targets and development of novel agents against these targets are urgently needed. CRM-1 is a nuclear export protein encoded by the XPO1 (exportin 1) gene that mediates leucine-rich nuclear export signal ( NES )-dependent protein export. Elevated CRM-1 expression has been correlated with poor prognosis in PC and CC making it an attractive therapeutic target. Methods: Using structure based drug design, we have identified novel, irreversible small molecule inhibitors of CRM-1 that lock target proteins, including TSP, in the nucleus. Normal cells undergo cell cycle arrest, but most cancer cells initiate apoptosis. Thus, the drugs selectively kill cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissue and possess clinically acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters. In this report, using multiple molecular biological techniques, we have evaluated the role of CRM-1 inhibition on nuclear localization and apoptosis by PAR-4. Results: The most potent small molecule CRM-1 inhibitor (KPT-185) induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in a panel of PC and CC cell lines with IC 50 ’s &lt;150 nM. Western blot and confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that KPT-185 treatment resulted in TSP and PAR-4 nuclear localization (a pre-requisite for PAR-4 mediated apoptosis). Most significantly, siRNA knockdown of PAR-4 abrogated the apoptotic potential of KPT-185 in BxPC-3 and Colo-357 (PC) and HCT-116 and HT-29 (CC) cell lines, confirming that this was indeed a PAR-4 dependent apoptotic mechanism. KPT-185 showed synergistically enhanced apoptosis when combined with oxaliplatin in all the tested cell lines. Human genomic expression microarray profiling using HT-12 arrays are underway. Additionally, animal xenograft studies involving single agent KPT-185 and combination with oxaliplatin are currently ongoing. Conclusions: This is the first report demonstrating CRM-1 as a potential therapeutic target in both PC and CC, perhaps by enhancing PAR-4 function. The drugs KPT-185 and related CRM1-inhibitors warrant further clinical investigations for this deadly malignancy.
Axial Tension and Lateral Capacity of Step-Tapered Helical Piles for Transmission Pole Structures (2015)

The foundations for most transmission line structures constructed in North America today are drilled shafts. However, drilled shafts are not always a suitable foundation choice. This paper details one example where helical piles were used as the foundation at select tower locations on the XCEL Energy Stinson-Bayfront Line 3315 32.1 Mile Re-Build 115 kV transmission line project. The structures were steel H-Frames, made by Thomas & Betts Meyer. The tangent structures were specified as direct embedded, and the running angle and dead-end structures were either helical piles or drilled shafts. The line is located in a remote area of northwest Wisconsin near Duluth, MN. Helical piles were used at tower locations with poor road access, and in areas considered environmentally sensitive where large vehicles would destroy the landscape and vegetation. Xcel, Hubbell / CHANCE, and Thomas & Betts teamed together to design this project. Xcel energy produced the load and design drawings, Thomas & Betts designed the H-Frame Pole structures and the pile transition connections, and Hubbell / CHANCE designed the helical pile foundations. Prior to line construction, full-scale load tests of the helical pile / connection were performed at the Thomas and Betts structure test facility located in Hager City, Wisconsin. The running angle and dead-end pile and transition systems were successfully loaded and tested to values that meet or exceed the ultimate design structure ground-line reactions. These results are presented. The piles, tested together in a multi-pile group, were subjected to a combination of axial tension, compression, and lateral shear. In addition, four full-scale load tests were conducted on the line right-of-way at the actual tower locations. The tests consisted of pile penetration tests, axial tension, and lateral shear tests. These test results are compared to the theoretical capacity of the piles based on site soil type and strength. The results of the tests allowed the helical pile design to be adjusted prior to start of construction to provide the contractor with minimum depth and installation torque requirements.
Reliable MAC layer and packet scheduling (2011)

Medium access control (MAC) is of paramount importance in wireless systems: it orchestrates how the spectrum is shared across users and flows directly impacting the system throughput, reliability, quality of service (QoS), and fairness. Numerous works in the literature have challenged the classical layered view of protocol stacks in order to improve the poor utilization of the scarce spectrum resources [1]. Both in the context of random access and contention-free access, substantial gains have been demonstrated by making the MAC layer more aware of channel conditions and applications. Another classical view that has been challenged over the years is the tendency to emulate a point-to-point link view over inherently point-to-multipoint wireless medium. In the classical approach, packets received by unintended users are simply discarded. Originally, in the multihop routing domain, and more recently in the single-hop case, the notion of unintended user has become stale, especially in the contexts of cooperative communication, network coding, and opportunistic routing [2–5, 22].
A multi-agent approach to power system disturbance diagnosis (2002)

Power system disturbance diagnosis is a complex and time consuming task, requiring skilled engineers. Existing intelligent systems which assist with data interpretation require the engineer to further interpret and collate generated information so that a comprehensive diagnosis can be produced. Furthermore, long-term extensibility and flexibility are also restricted. This paper presents a multi-agent approach to power system disturbance diagnosis where existing intelligent systems are wrapped up as intelligent agents and, through a process of inter-agent communication, collaborate to provide disturbance diagnosis. This novel approach enables timely automated disturbance diagnosis within a flexible and extensible architecture.
Molecular Structure of Polymers (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Topology and Dimensions Arrangement of Monomeric Units in Polymers Configurational Structures Dispersity of Molar Masses—Average Molar Masses Polymer Networks Literature
The Shopping Experience of Tomorrow: Human-Centered and Resource-Adaptive (2010)

What would the shopping experience of tomorrow look like? In this chapter we propose several human-centered and resource-adaptive ideas to this question. Throughout the whole chapter we explain our ideas with the recurrent theme of a shop that consists of instrumented shelves, public displays, audio systems, and mobile devices for each user. Â© 2010 Springer-Verlag.
Host–Guest Extraction of Heavy Metal Ions with p-t-Butylcalix[8]arene from Ammonia or Amine Solutions (2018)

The capacities of the <i>p</i>-<i>t</i>-butylcalix[8]arene (abbreviated as H<sub>8</sub>L) host to extract toxic divalent heavy metal ions and silver from aqueous solution phases containing ammonia or ethylene diamine to an organic phase (nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, or chloroform) were carried out. When the metal ions were extracted from an aqueous ammonia solution, the metal ion selectivity for extraction was found to decrease in the order Cd<sup>2+</sup>> Ni<sup>2+</sup>> Cu<sup>2+</sup>> Ag<sup>+</sup>> Co<sup>2+</sup>> Zn<sup>2+</sup>. When the aqueous phase contained ethylene diamine, excellent extraction efficiencies of 97% and 90% were observed for the heavy metal ions Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>, respectively. Under the same conditions the extraction of octahedral type metal ions, namely, Co<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup>, was suppressed. The extraction of transition metal cations by H<sub>8</sub>L in ammonia and/or amine was found to be pH dependent. Detailed analysis of extraction behavior was investigated by slope analysis, the continuous variation method, and by loading tests.
Prefrontal cortex is critical for contextual processing: evidence from brain lesions (2009)

We investigated the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in local contextual processing using a combined event-related potentials and lesion approach. Local context was defined as the occurrence of a short predictive series of visual stimuli occurring before delivery of a target event. Targets were preceded by either randomized sequences of standards or by sequences including a three-stimulus predictive sequence signalling the occurrence of a subsequent target event. PFC lesioned patients were impaired in their ability to use local contextual information. The response time for controls revealed a larger benefit for predictable targets than for random targets relative to PFC patients. PFC patients had reduced amplitude of a context-dependent positivity and failed to generate the expected P3b latency shift between predictive and non-predictive targets. These findings show that PFC patients are unable to utilize predictive local context to guide behaviour, providing evidence for a critical role of PFC in local contextual processing.
Theoretical study on dynamical planar-chirality switching in checkerboard-like metasurfaces (2017)

In this paper, we show that the handedness of a planar chiral checkerboard-like metasurface can be dynamically switched by modulating the local sheet impedance of the metasurface structure. We propose a metasurface design to realize the handedness switching and theoretically analyze its electromagnetic characteristic based on Babinet’s principle. Numerical simulations of the proposed metasurface are performed to validate the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that the polarity of asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves, which is determined by the planar chirality of the metasurface, is inverted by switching the sheet impedance at the interconnection points of the checkerboard-like structure. The physical origin of the asymmetric transmission is also discussed in terms of the surface current and charge distributions on the metasurface.
Supplementary Figure Legend from A Phase II Trial of Dovitinib in BCG-Unresponsive Urothelial Carcinoma with <i>FGFR3</i> Mutations or Overexpression: Hoosier Cancer Research Network Trial HCRN 12-157 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Hall and Seebeck measurements estimate the thickness of a (buried) carrier system: Identifying interface electrons in In-doped SnO2 films (2015)

We propose a simple method based on the combination of Hall and Seebeck measurements to estimate the thickness of a carrier system within a semiconductor film. As an example, this method can distinguish “bulk” carriers, with homogeneous depth distribution, from “sheet” carriers, that are accumulated within a thin layer. The thickness of the carrier system is calculated as the ratio of the integral sheet carrier concentration, extracted from Hall measurements, to the volume carrier concentration, derived from the measured Seebeck coefficient of the same sample. For rutile SnO2, the necessary relation of Seebeck coefficient to volume electron concentration in the range of 3 × 1017 to 3 × 1020 cm−3 has been experimentally obtained from a set of single crystalline thin films doped with varying Sb-doping concentrations and unintentionally doped bulk samples, and is given as a “calibration curve.” Using this calibration curve, our method demonstrates the presence of interface electrons in homogeneously deep-acceptor (In) doped SnO2 films on sapphire substrates.
Minimizing electricity costs by sharing energy in sustainable microgrids (2014)

Buildings account for over 75% of the electricity consumption in the United States. To reduce electricity usage and peak demand, many utilities are introducing market-based time-of-use (TOU) pricing models. In parallel, government programs that increase the fraction of renewable energy are incentivizing residential consumers to adopt on-site renewables and energy storage. Connecting on-site renewables and energy storage between homes forms a sustainable microgrid capable of generating, storing, and sharing electricity to balance local generation and consumption in residential areas. In this paper, we investigate how to minimize the costs of electricity from a utility for a microgrid under market-based TOU pricing models. In particular, we (i) present a system architecture for an energy-sharing microgrid; and (ii) develop optimal energy-sharing algorithms for homes within the microgrid. We conduct an extensive evaluation under two typical TOU pricing models that use data from more than 40 homes. Our results indicate that our system reduces the costs of Alternating Current (AC) electricity by 20%, even for homes with similar energy usage patterns.
Additive manufacturing of polyaniline blends for lightweight structures with tunable conductivity (2023)

Printable feedstocks that can produce lightweight, robust, and ductile structures with tunable and switchable conductivity are of considerable interest for numerous application spaces.
Large mode area Yb-doped photonic bandgap fiber lasers (2015)

Fiber lasers are in the process of revolutionizing modern manufacturing. Further power scaling is still much desired to increase throughput and to break new frontiers in science and defense. It has become very clear now that highly single-mode fibers with large effective mode areas are required to overcome both nonlinear effects and mode instability [1-3]. We have been studying all-solid photonic bandgap fibers (AS-PBF), which have open and highly dispersive cladding, making them ideal for higher-order-mode controls in large-mode-area fibers. I will review our recent progress in this area and, especially in ytterbium-doped AS-PBF lasers and amplifiers.