gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Plane Thermal Conductance of Phosphonate-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers and Self-Assembled Nanodielectrics (2020)

Self-assembled nanodielectrics (SANDs) consist of alternating layers of polarized phosphonate-functionalized azastibazolium π-electron (PAE) and high-<i>k</i> dielectric metal oxide (ZrO<sub>2</sub> or HfO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) films. SANDs are desirable gate dielectrics materials for thin-film transistor applications because of their excellent properties such as low-temperature fabrication, large dielectric strength, and large capacitance. In this paper, we investigate the cross-plane thermal boundary conductance of SANDs using the frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) technique. First, we characterize the thermal conductance of PAE self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), inverted-PAE (IPAE) SAMs, and mixed PAE-IPAE SAMs, sandwiched between thin gold and silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) films at the top and bottom surfaces. Next, we quantify the thermal conductance of SAND-<i>n</i> with different numbers (<i>n</i>) of PAE-ZrO<sub>2</sub> layers and thicknesses ranging between 4.7 and 11.3 nm. From the FDTR measurements, we observe that the thermal boundary conductance of the SAMs can be tuned between 42.1 ± 4.6 MW/(m<sup>2</sup> K) and 52.4 ± 2.5 MW/(m<sup>2</sup> K), based on the relative density of the PAE and IPAE chromophores. In the SAND-<i>n</i> samples, we observe a monotonic decrease in the thermal conductance with increasing <i>n</i>. We use the measured thermal conductance data in a series resistance model to estimate a thermal interface conductance of 695 MW/(m<sup>2</sup> K) for the contact between the PAE chromophore and the zirconium dioxide films, which is an order of magnitude larger than the SAMs. We attribute the improved thermal conductance to stronger adhesion between the PAE chromophore and the zirconium dioxide films, as compared to the weakly bonded SAMs to the gold and silicon dioxide films.
Fracture Analysis of the Cathode in Li-Ion Batteries: A Simulation Study (2012)

In order to achieve a high level of reliability in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, battery cell materials must maintain good mechanical stability over many cycles. Stresses due to intercalation, phase transition, and thermal loading can cause local fractures in the active materials of Li-ion batteries, as has been experimentally observed. The resulting fracture of the cathode materials is one putative degradation mechanism of Li batteries; it inevitably results in a loss of electrical contact and an increase in the surface area for active material dissolution and SEI layer formation. In this work, we investigate the conditions under which initial defects propagate and form larger fractures in the cathode material (LiMn2O4) during the charging and discharging cycles of electrochemical reactions. Fracture analysis based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to evaluate the effects of current density, particle size and particle aspect ratio on the propagation of defects. Both current density and particle size are shown to be positively correlated with fracture propagation, though not monotonically so in the case of aspect ratio. With an aspect ratio of 1.5:1, a particle with a defect at the center will crack at a low C-rate; this case is one of the most severe among all aspect ratios.
Association of Neonicotinoid Insensitivity with a Conserved Residue in the Loop D Binding Region of the Tick Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (2012)

Neonicotinoid insecticides target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the nervous system of insects but are largely ineffective against ticks. This study aimed to identify the molecular basis for this insensitivity. A homology model of the nAChR binding domain was generated on the basis of the crystal structure of an acetylcholine-binding protein with the insecticide imidacloprid bound. We hypothesized that tick β-subunits would differ at a critical residue (Arg81) in their D loops. To test this, we sequenced nAChR genes from five tick species and found that instead of the conserved arginine found in insects, a glutamine was present in all the tick sequences.
Observations on the limnology and primary production of a small man‐made lake in the West African savanna (1973)

Summary 1. The results of limnological studies on a small, 35‐ha, triangular man‐made lake and a small adjacent fish pond in the coastal savanna of Ghana are described. 2. The lake, which has a renewal time of approximately 0.96 years, is subject to large, predictable seasonal changes. Water volume and surface area rapidly reach maximum values in the wet season from April to June despite the low runoff values which average only 1.2% of the precipitation. Minimum values occur in the dry season when up to 76% of the lake area may be exposed. Most of the water is lost by evaporation which may amount to 193 cm annually. 3. The annual cycle in water temperature follows that in solar radiation with peaks towards the end of the dry season in March to April and deep troughs in the wet season from April to June. During the dry season the water column is characterized by greater stability, a higher degree of stratification, and a much higher amplitude of diurnal temperature change (4‐5°C) than in the wet season (1°C). Isothermal conditions tend to be approached nocturnally and even during the day in the wet season. 4. The ionic content of the water is low and dominated by bicarbonate, sodium, silica and iron. During the wet season flood water results in a decline in conductivity from 214 to 30 μmhos/cm 2 , a decrease in pH and transparency, and an increase in oxidizable organic material. Except for the conductivity these values return to normal in about 6 weeks as a result of rapid decomposition of allochthonous materials. 5. The oxygen pulse is strong and photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton high during the dry season whereas in the wet season the converse is true. As a result of the low concentration of organic carbon (0.10–0.35%) in the sediments their oxygen demands are low. Consequently, dissolved oxygen values near the sediment are relatively high and oxygen stratification poorly‐developed. Most of the organic carbon appears to be recycled in the water column rather than in the sediments as is generally the case in tropical ecosystems. 6. Rooted vegetation became permanently established in the fish pond but not i n the lake itself. Emergent and floating vegetation which grows profusely in the draw‐down area in the wet season is for the most part exported from the system by wind and biological agencies and, therefore, contributes little to the energy and mineral budgets of the lake. Primary production in the water column is mainly by Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae and is low during the dry season (1.35 gC/m 2 /day) and very low in the wet season. Possible reasons for the low level of primary production are discussed.
New pressure-sensitive silicone adhesive (1981)

Adhesive for high or low temperatures does not stretch severely under load. It is produced by combining intermediate-molecular-weight pressure sensitive adhesive which does not cure with silicone resin that cures with catalyst to rubbery tack-free state. Blend of silicone tackifier and cured rubbery silicone requires no solvents in either atmospheric or vacuum environments. Ratio of ingredients varies for different degrees of tack, creep resistance, and tensile strength.
VO<inf>2</inf> switch based submillimeter-wave phase shifters (2017)

A monolithic 3-bit phase shifter has been fabricated and demonstrates broadband and low loss performance from 220 GHz to 240 GHz. The phase shifter utilizes an ultra-low loss vanadium dioxide switch for phase state control. The design uses a low-pass π-filter networks as phase shift elements for 45, 90 and 180 degree bits. This phase shifter's mean insertion loss of 7.6 dB is 3dB lower than any other passive phase shifter we could identify in literature and comparable to the best active vector-sum devices. The RMS phase error is a competitive 6.8 degrees at 230GHz and averages only 8 dB over the band from 220 to 240 GHz. This phase shifter's complete circuit footprint is <; 0.1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> easily fitting within (λ/2) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ~ 0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> array spacing. A second topology was also demonstrated that consists of a one-port transmission line reflection phase shifter (TLPS) using a variable length, short-circuit terminated synthetic transmission line. This device demonstrates an average insertion loss of 5.2 dB and RMS phase error of 30 degrees. We can find no passive phase shifter with comparable performance or compactness to either of the devices presented here.
Electrical conductivity characterized at varying strains in spiral cut high-pressure torsion discs (2021)

High-pressure torsion (HPT) imparts inhomogeneous strain to process discs with low strain in the center and higher strain at the outer edge. Microscopy and microhardness indentation have been used to characterize and correlate this inhomogeneity with strain, but similar exploration with other properties has been uncommon. In this work, the electrical conductivity of pure copper discs processed by HPT was characterized with respect to equivalent strain by cutting them into spirals with an incremental, monotonic increase in strain. Electrical conductivity varied with straining in agreement with the literature and expectations based on grain boundary evolution. The spiral conductivity testing method outlined in this work can improve characterization of HPT materials in future studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Piperidine Analogues of D‐Galactose as Potent Inhibitors of α‐Galactosidase: Synthesis by Stannane‐Mediated Hydroxymethylation of 5‐Azido‐1,4‐lactones. Structural Relationships Between D‐Galactosidase and L‐Rhamnosidase Inhibitors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Assessment of cerebral pressure autoregulation (2002)

Cerebral pressure autoregulation, a sensitive homeostatic mechanism important for the control of cerebral blood flow, is impaired by disease pathology and some drugs commonly used during anaesthesia. Therefore, the assessment of cerebral pressure autoregulation can help optimize cerebral blood flow in patients who have suffered neurological insults. In this article, we outline the means available for testing cerebral pressure autoregulation, thus allowing the reader to decide on the best strategy to adopt in their particular operating theatre and intensive care setting.
The Salmonella enterica Plasmidome as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance (2020)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains worldwide has become a serious problem for public health over recent decades. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has been expanding via plasmids as mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that are transferred vertically and horizontally. This study focuses on <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, one of the leading foodborne pathogens in industrialized countries. S. enterica is known to carry several plasmids involved not only in virulence but also in AMR. In the current paper, we present an integrated strategy to detect plasmid scaffolds in whole genome sequencing (WGS) assemblies. We developed a two-step procedure to predict plasmids based on i) the presence of essential elements for plasmid replication and mobility, as well as ii) sequence similarity to a reference plasmid. Next, to confirm the accuracy of the prediction in 1750 <i>S. enterica</i> short-read sequencing data, we combined Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencing with Illumina MiSeq short-read sequencing in hybrid assemblies for 84 isolates to evaluate the proportion of plasmid that has been detected. At least one scaffold with an origin of replication (ORI) was predicted in 61.3% of the <i>Salmonella</i> isolates tested. The results indicated that IncFII and IncI1 ORIs were distributed in many <i>S. enterica</i> serotypes and were the most prevalent AMR genes carrier, whereas IncHI2A/IncHI2 and IncA/C2 were more serotype restricted but bore several AMR genes. Comparison between hybrid and short-read assemblies revealed that 81.1% of plasmids were found in the short-read sequencing using our pipeline. Through this process, we established that plasmids are prevalent in <i>S. enterica</i> and we also substantially expand the AMR genes in the resistome of this species.
Robust stable speed control system based on doubly coprime factorization and disturbance observer (2002)

For the purpose of realizing a high performance robust servo system, the conventional control system is often designed by disturbance observer. However, when the frequency band width of disturbance rejection characteristics is narrow, this control system sometimes does not maintain the robust stability. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a new two-degrees-of-freedom control system which considers the robust stable condition and the disturbance rejection characteristics systematically. The structure of the proposed system is based on doubly coprime factorization and disturbance observer. In this paper, it is applied to the robust speed control system of DC servo motor. The experimental results show that the proposed speed control system well regulates a motor speed robustly for wide speed range, in comparison with the conventional robust speed control systems.
Low coherence interferometry approach for aiding fine needle aspiration biopsies (2014)

We present portable preclinical low-coherence interference (LCI) instrumentation for aiding fine needle aspiration biopsies featuring the second-generation LCI-based biopsy probe and an improved scoring algorithm for tissue differentiation. Our instrument and algorithm were tested on 38 mice with cultured tumor mass and we show the specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of tumor detection of over 0.89, 0.88, and 0.96, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonites Based on the Paracyclophane Backbone: New Ligands for Highly Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of End‐Functionalized Oligoanilines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overexpression of VlPRX21 and VlPRX35 genes in Arabidopsis plants leads to bioconversion of trans-resveratrol to δ-viniferin (2021)

Stilbenes, including resveratrol and viniferins, a small family of polyphenols, are considered the most important phytoalexin group in Vitis species. In a previous study, we found that co-treatment of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and stevioside (STE) resulted in enhanced extracellular production of viniferins in grapevine cell suspension cultures. Thus, to further understand the mechanisms of viniferin production in grapevine cell cultures, we performed transcriptome analysis and isolated seven candidates of grapevine peroxidase genes (VlAPX6, VlGPX5, VlPRX13, VlPRX21, VlPRX35, VlPRX40, and VlPRX50). Bioconversion of trans-resveratrol to δ-viniferin was examined using crude protein extracts isolated from agroinfiltration-based transient expression of VlPRXs in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, we found that crude protein extracts from VlPRX21-, VlPRX35-, and VlPRX40-overexpressing (OX) transgenic Arabidopsis plants led to the conversion of trans-resveratrol to δ-viniferin. We found that in vitro experiments with crude protein extracts from VlPRX21-OX and VlPRX35-OX Arabidopsis plants catalyzed the dimerization of trans-resveratrol to δ-viniferin. Our results suggest that VlPRX21 and VlPRX35 encode functional grapevine class III peroxidases and catalyze the oxidative dimerization of trans-resveratrol to form δ-viniferin in grapevine.
Predictive assay for cancer targets (2005)

Early detection of cancer is a key element in successful treatment of the disease. Understanding the particular type of cancer involved, its origins and probable course, is also important. PhIP (2-amino-1- methyl-6 phenylimidazo [4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridine), a heterocyclic amine produced during the cooking of meat at elevated temperatures, has been shown to induce mammary cancer in female, Sprague-Dawley rats. Tumors induced by PhIP have been shown to contain discreet cytogenetic signature patterns of gains and losses using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). To determine if a protein signature exists for these tumors, we are analyzing expression levels of the protein products of the above-mentioned tumors in combination with a new bulk protein subtractive assay. This assay produces a panel of antibodies against proteins that are either on or off in the tumor. Hybridization of the antibody panel onto a 2-D gel of tumor or control protein will allow for identification of a distinct protein signature in the tumor. Analysis of several gene databases has identified a number of rat homologs of human cancer genes located in these regions of gain and loss. These genes include the oncogenes c-MYK, ERBB2/NEU, THRA and tumor suppressor genes EGR1 and HDAC3. The listed genes have been shown to be estrogen-responsive, suggesting a possible link between delivery of bio-activated PhIP to the cell nucleus via estrogen receptors and gene-specific PhIP-induced DNA damage, leading to cell transformation. All three tumors showed similar silver staining patterns compared to each other, while they all were different than the control tissue. Subsequent screening of these genes against those from tumors know to be caused by other agents may produce a protein signature unique to PhIP, which can be used as a diagnostic to augment optical and radiation-based detection schemes.
Reduction of human prostate tumor vascularity by the α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist terazosin (2001)

These findings provide the first evidence that terazosin, a quinazoline-based a1-blocker decreases prostate tumor vascularity. Our study has significant clinical implications in identifying selected alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists as potential anti-tumor agents with apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in the human prostate that can be exploited for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Integration of Fractal Biosensor in a Digital Microfluidic Platform (2016)

The digital microfluidic (DMF) platform introduces many applications in biomedical assays. If it is to be commercially available to the public, it needs to have the essential features of smart sensing and a compact size. In this paper, we report on a fractal electrode biosensor that is used for both droplet actuation and sensing C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration levels to assess cardiac disease risk. Our proposed electrode is the first two-terminal electrode design to be integrated into DMF platforms. A simulation of the electrical field distribution shows reduced peak intensities and uniform distribution of the field. When compared with a V-notch square electrode, the fractal electrode shows a superior performance in both aspects, i.e., field uniformity and intensity. These improvements are translated into a successful and responsive actuation of a water droplet with 100 V. Likewise, the effective dielectric strength is improved by a 33% increase in the fractal electrode breakdown voltage. In addition, the capability of the fractal electrode to work as a capacitive biosensor is evaluated with CRP quantification test. Selected fractal electrodes undergo a surface treatment to immobilize anti-CRP antibodies on their surface. The measurement shows a response to the added CRP in capacitance within 3 min. When the untreated electrodes were used for quantification, there was no significant change in capacitance, and this suggested that immobilization was necessary. The electrodes configuration in the fabricated DMF platform allows the fractal electrodes to be selectively used as biosensors, which means that the device could be integrated into point-of-care applications.
Sensitivity of Cardiac Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase to Malonyl-CoA Is Regulated by Leptin: Similarities with a Model of Endogenous Hyperleptinemia (2010)

Acute leptin increase as well as endogenous hyperleptinemia evoked by high-fat diets (HF) activate fatty acid metabolism in nonadipose tissues. This supports the notion that hyperleptinemia is pivotal to prevent/delay steatosis during periods of positive energy balance. We have previously shown that long-term HF spares ectopic accumulation of lipids specifically in the miocardium. Because carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) allows mitochondrial uptake/oxidation of fatty acids, we have hypothesized that leptin drives cardiac CPT-I activity. In the current study, hyperleptinemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice either by exogenous leptin administration or by means of HF, and the ability of malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) (the main endogenous inhibitor of CPT-I) to inhibit cardiac CPT was analyzed. IC(50) values of malonyl-CoA were 8.1 +/- 1.5 micromol/liter in controls vs. 69.3 +/- 5.2 micromol/liter (P < 0.01) in leptin-treated mice. This effect was also observed in cardiac explants incubated with leptin and was blocked by triciribine, a compound shown to inhibit protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation (pAkt). In accordance, acute leptin evoked an increase of cardiac pAkt levels, which correlated with CPT sensitivity to malonyl-CoA. Otherwise, the inhibitory effect of malonyl-CoA was hindered in HF hyperleptinemic mice, and in this case, pAkt levels also correlated with CPT sensitivity to malonyl-CoA. Our data show that leptin reduces the sensitivity of cardiac CPT-I to malonyl-CoA and suggest the involvement of an Akt-related signaling pathway in this effect. This mechanism appears to be sensitive to both acute and chronic hyperleptinemia. We conclude that this action of leptin is pivotal to drive cardiac metabolism under situations associated to hyperleptinemia.
Acoustooptic Phase and Frequency Shifters for Single Mode Fibers (1987)

The design of in-line phase and frequency shifters for single mode fibers is discussed. The basic configuration consists of a cylindrically symmetric piezoelectric transducer fabricated on the fiber surface. For the phase shifter the fiber core is concentric and no polarization coupling occurs. The frequency shifter utilizes a birefringent fiber with a non-concentric core and transducer pairs driven 90° out of phase. Factors affecting the performance of both devices are discussed.