gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parametric study on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes through arc-discharge in water (2006)

A parametric study was carried out on a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis using 'arc-discharge in solution' (ADS). The carbon nanostructure yield as a function of time, the rate of erosion of the anode, and the rate of deposition of carbonaceous materials on the cathode electrode were investigated. Amperage dependent normalized kinetic parameters were evaluated. The production rate of carbon nanostructures including CNTs at 75 A is as high as 5.89 ± 0.28 g min(-1). Thermogravimetric analysis and x-ray diffraction studies reveal high purity of the carbon nanostructures collected from water and have a very good agreement with electron microscopy analyses. Very high surface area of the pristine multiwalled CNTs and nanostructures (84 ± 3.5 m(2) g(-1)) was measured using BET. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis shows further agreement with the amperage dependent studies.
Surface Functionalization of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum-Confined Nanoclusters. 5. Evidence of Facile Surface-Core Electronic Communication in the Photodecomposition Mechanism of Functionalized Quantum Dots (1999)

The photoinduced decomposition of dimethylformamide suspensions of 10 different surface-substituted thiolate-capped 30 Å cadmium sulfide quantum-confined nanoclusters was studied. HPLC analysis demonstrates that decomposition proceeds at a constant rate and produces only precipitated cluster aggregates and the symmetric disulfide corresponding to the thiolate cap as the only organic product. The dependence of the disulfide photogeneration kinetics on the Hammett σp parameter for the remote substituent indicates that both electron donors and acceptors enhance the rate and is mimicked by nanocluster fluorescence quenching efficiencies of the substituents, suggesting a photodecomposition mechanism involving facile electronic communication between the quantum dot core and the remote substituent. Further evidence for the mechanism was obtained from the product distribution ratios of the photodecomposition of a 4-nitrothiolate/4-methylthiolate-mixed surface nanocluster.
Comparative Immunotoxicology - A New Direction (1998)

Increasing concentrations of xenobiotics in the environment, food and water supplies has direct or non-direct effects on the immunocompetent cell activity, cellular and humoral defence mechanisms and protection from diseases in animals and human. At this moment we must develop comparative aspects of immunotoxicology, justifying the wse of invenebrates, amphibians and especially fish and reptiles, as models. The defence mechanism indices have been used in various laboratory and field experiments to analyze the influence of xenobiotics on the defence mechanisms and disease resistance of mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. Many of the standard immunological techniques have been modified for optimal results. In this paper we present the basic immunological techniques for study of the effects of xenobiotics on the cellular and humoral defence mechanisms in fish.
Synthesis of bifunctional Au–Sn organic–inorganic catalysts for acid-free hydroamination reactions (2008)

Gold(III) complexes heterogenized on the surface of a Sn-containing MCM-41 are efficient recyclable catalysts for hydroamination reactions, without requiring any acid promoters.
Regulation of plasminogen receptors (2003)

Many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells bind plasminogen in a specific and saturable manner. When plasminogen is bound to cell-surface proteins with C-terminal lysines via its lysine binding sites, its activation to plasmin is accelerated, and cell-bound plasmin is protected from inactivation by natural inhibitors. Plasmin mediates direct or indirect degradation of the extracellular matrix, and bound plasmin is used by cells to facilitate migration through extracellular matrices. Since cell migration and tissue remodelling are the underpinnings of many physiological and pathological responses, the modulation of plasminogen receptors may serve as a primary regulatory mechanism for control of many cellular responses. Specific examples of cell types on which plasminogen receptors undergo modulation include: fibroblasts, where modulation may contribute to cartilage and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis; leukemic cells, where enhanced plasminogen binding may contribute to the heightened fibrinolytic state in the patients; other tumor cells, where up-regulation may support invasion and metastasis; bacteria, where enhanced plasminogen binding may facilitate tissue destruction and invasion; platelets, where up-regulation of plasminogen binding may play a role in regulating clot lysis; and adipocytes, where the modulation of plasminogen receptor expression may regulate cell differentiation and fat accumulation. Two pathways for modulation of plasminogen receptors have been characterized: A protease-dependent pathway can either up-regulate or down-regulate plasminogen binding to cells by changing the availability of plasminogen-binding proteins with C-terminal lysines. New receptors may be generated by trypsin-like proteases, including plasmin, which create new C-terminal lysines; other enzymes may expose existing membrane proteins by altering the cell surface; or receptor function may be lost by removal of C-terminal lysines. The basic carboxypeptidases of blood carboxypeptidase N and plasma carboxypeptidase B (TAFI) mediate such down-regulation. A non-protease dependent pathway for modulation of plasminogen receptors may be initiated by growth factors, chemokines or cytokines that alter the cell membrane and/or cytoskeleton architectures to expose plasminogen binding sites. Many examples of the modulation of plasminogen receptors have been demonstrated in vitro, and the development of knock-out mice may soon lead to incisive evaluations of the significance of the regulation of plasminogen receptors in vivo.
Location and activity of members of a family of virPphA homologues in pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and P. savastanoi (2002)

Summary virPphA is a major determinant of the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola to Phaseolus bean. A family of homologues of virPphA was detected in pathovars of P. savastanoi and P. syringae. We examined the structure and activity of alleles designated virPphA, virPphA(Pgy), and virPphA(Psv) from P. savastanoi pathovars phaseolicola, glycinea, and savastanoi, respectively, and avrPtoB from P. syringae pv. tomato. Sequencing showed that the virPphA(Pgy) homologue had a 48-bp central deletion in the open reading frame (ORF) compared with virPphA and virPphA(Psv), but otherwise all three P. savastanoi alleles had > 98% identity at the DNA level. By contrast, AvrPtoB from P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 was predicted to have only 51% amino acid similarity with VirPphA. All ORFs have an upstream hrp-box promoter indicating potential regulation by HrpL. Each cloned homologue was introduced into the P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola strain RW60, which lacks a native plasmid carrying virPphA as part of a pathogenicity island (PAI), and which is not pathogenic on bean. The homologues all restored virulence, as measured by the development of water-soaked lesions in bean pods, and increased bacterial populations in leaves compared with RW60 alone. RW60 harbouring virPphA or virPphA(Psv) elicited a strong hypersensitive reaction (HR) in soybean cv. Osumi; the presence of avrPtoB caused a weak HR, but virPphA(Pgy) did not affect the null reaction observed in soybean with RW60 alone. A second effector gene, avrPphD, was detected on the genomic clones carrying virPphA(Pgy) and virPphA(Psv). avrPphD was also present in both P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola and P. syringae pv. tomato, but elsewhere in their genomes. Comparison of the genomic locations of virPphA and other effectors found in the P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola PAI revealed the greatest divergence of the sequences surrounding virPphA to be in P. syringae pv. tomato.
Performance analysis of uplink handover searcher in asynchronous WCDMA system (2002)

Unlike in the IS-95 based synchronous CDMA system, in the 3GPP's asynchronous WCDMA system, it is impossible for the network to estimate the round trip delay between the handover UE (user equipment) and the target base station (BS) before the handover execution, so the uplink handover search window size of the target BS becomes large. In order to get good link quality during handover execution, it is very important to reduce the uplink handover search time at the target BS. We propose an efficient uplink handover search scheme for an asynchronous WCDMA system. Average search time performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed for a fading channel environment. The effects of the non-coherent accumulation length of the search mode and that of the verification mode to the average search time performance are analyzed. The optimal threshold values of the search mode and the verification mode are investigated. The results analyzed in this paper may be useful for designing the uplink handover searcher of 3GPP's WCDMA base station.
Encoding ASK labeled CSRZ-DPSK payload by using only one dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator with enhanced label performance (2005)

This theoretical study presents a novel modulation scheme which simultaneously encodes the amplitude shift keying label on the carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential phase shift keying payload using only one dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator. Compared with the previous scheme, in which three optical modulators are required, we offer a simple, compact, and cost-effective method. We theoretically evaluate and simulate the performance differences between the two schemes. It is found that the sensitivity of the label is 2 dB better than the previous scheme and the payload, with optimized extinction ratio in the electroabsorption eraser, has almost the same performance after 120-km standard single-mode fiber transmission.
Ligand-switchable Substrates for a Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (2011)

Cellular maintenance of protein homeostasis is essential for normal cellular function. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in processing cellular proteins destined for degradation, but little is currently known about how misfolded cytosolic proteins are recognized by protein quality control machinery and targeted to the UPS for degradation in mammalian cells. Destabilizing domains (DDs) are small protein domains that are unstable and degraded in the absence of ligand, but whose stability is rescued by binding to a high affinity cell-permeable ligand. In the work presented here, we investigate the biophysical properties and cellular fates of a panel of FKBP12 mutants displaying a range of stabilities when expressed in mammalian cells. Our findings correlate observed cellular instability to both the propensity of the protein domain to unfold in vitro and the extent of ubiquitination of the protein in the non-permissive (ligand-free) state. We propose a model in which removal of stabilizing ligand causes the DD to unfold and be rapidly ubiquitinated by the UPS for degradation at the proteasome. The conditional nature of DD stability allows a rapid and non-perturbing switch from stable protein to unstable UPS substrate unlike other methods currently used to interrogate protein quality control, providing tunable control of degradation rates.
Wetting on the Microscale: Shape of a Liquid Drop on a Microstructured Surface at Different Length Scales (2012)

Describing wetting of a liquid on a rough or structured surface is a challenge because of the wide range of involved length scales. Nano- and micrometer-sized textures cause pinning of the contact line, reflected in a hysteresis of the contact angle. To investigate contact angles at different length scales, we imaged water drops on arrays of 5 μm high poly(dimethylsiloxane) micropillars. The drops were imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), which allowed us to quantitatively analyze the local and large-scale drop profile simultaneously. Deviations of the shape of drops from a sphere decay at two different length scales. Close to the pillars, the amplitude of deviations decays exponentially within 1-2 μm. The drop profile approached a sphere at a length scale 1 order of magnitude larger than the pillars' height. The height and position dependence of the contact angles can be understood from the interplay of pinning of the contact line, the principal curvatures set by the topography of the substrate, and the minimization of the air-water interfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Dimetallacalix(8)arene Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gapped-Inclined Braces for Seismic Retrofit of Soft-Story Buildings (2014)

Although soft-story mechanisms are generally undesirable for the seismic response of building structures, they provide potential benefits caused by the isolating effect they produce for the stories located above. In this paper, an approach for enhancing the seismic response of soft-story structures is proposed that takes advantage of the positive aspects of their response while mitigating the negative ones. To this end, an additional gapped-inclined brace (GIB) is introduced to reduce the impact of P-Delta effects on the displacement demands and to increase the deformation capacity of existing columns in soft stories without significantly increasing their lateral resistance. The mechanics of the proposed system are first defined, and theoretical relations and numerical models are then derived to verify the response. The cyclic behavior of a single-degree-of-freedom single-bay RC frame is then investigated numerically to illustrate the effect of the retrofitted system on the global response of a structure. The analytical results indicate that the hysteretic response of the retrofitted system is highly improved in terms of the energy dissipation and the residual deformation while not significantly increasing the overall strength of the structure. Although the equations governing the response of the system are derived for a single story, the concept is primarily intended to be applicable to multistory buildings.
Surface Treatment by RF Cold Plasma on Polyester Fibres Used in Chemically Bonded Nonwovens and Consequence on Adhesion between Fibre and Binder (2023)

240Nonwovens (NW) are innovative textile materials and can be used in many fields including medical, hygiene, transport, civil engineering, etc. They are sheet-like fabrics made up of fibre webs which are bonded either chemically, mechanically or thermally. Among all consolidation methods, chemically-bonded-NW are still widely used because of the extended range of binder flexibility, durability and the versatility of their final properties. The purpose of the present study is to investigate surface treatment by Radio Frequency (RF) cold plasma on polyester fibres in order to improve the adhesion mechanism with copolymer acrylic binders, the ultimate aim being to limit the amounts of chemical binder used for environmental and economical reasons. The physical modifications on fibre surface are examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the chemical modifications are discussed after surface analysis of fibres by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The pull-out test was used to characterise the interfacial shear strength between fibre and matrix.
Synthesis of 4-aryl-butylamine Fluorescent Probes (2002)

A short synthesis of the fluorescent probes 4-(9-anthracenyl)butyl amine (three steps), 4-(9-phenanthrenyl)butyl amine (three steps) and 4-(1-pyrenyl)butyl amine (two steps) without chromatographic purification is described.
Improved microRNA biomarkers for pathological stages in lung adenocarcinoma via clustering of dysregulated microRNA-target associations (2017)

Most of cancer-related deaths are due to lung cancer, and there is a need for reliable prognosis biomarkers to predict stages in lung adenocarcinoma cases. Recently, microRNAs are found to have potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer. As evidence suggests microRNA dysregulations are implicated in many cancer malignancies, it is important to consider the changes in miRNA-target associations among different lung cancer biological states. We proposed a novel clustering strategy to identify groups of miRNAs with similar dysregulated targets. Then, we incorporated the learned clusters of miRNA as prior knowledge to a Sparse Group Lasso classifier to improve classification results, thereby leading to more relevant selection of microRNA biomarkers. We apply the method to the TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma dataset. In cross-validation tests, the AUC rate for each stages is 1.0, 0.71, 0.68, 0.64, and 0.90 for normal, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV, respectively. Among the candidate miRNAs selected in the model, 87% are reported to be related to Lung Adenocarcinoma. Further result demonstrates that clustering miRNAs by considering the dysregulation between miRNAs and mRNA targets leads to biomarkers with higher precision and recall rate to known lung adenocarcinoma miRNAs.
Lossy Lempel-Ziv like compression algorithms for memoryless sources (2011)

We analyze Lempel-Ziv (LZ78) like schemes for lossy compression of memoryless sequences. Given a distortion level and an input sequence x̅, the encoder splits the input sequence into phrases, representing each phrase by a potentially distorted phrase of the same length. Unlike the memoryless case, the distorted representation of a phrase is not uniquely defined by the LZ78 parsing mechanism. The crux of extending the LZ78 parsing scheme for the lossy setting is in the choice of the several possible representations of every phrase of x̅. Indeed, certain natural generalizations of the Lempel Ziv parsing scheme to the lossy case have been shown to be suboptimal. We consider Codelet Parsing, a LZ78 like algorithm which chooses a representation of x̅ based on the notion of lower mutual information. Given a distortion level, string and a type, the lower mutual information is a single-letter characterization of the size of set of sequences of the type matching the string to within the specified distortion level. In this paper, we try to understand the Codelet Parsing algorithm, by considering an indealization of the same, and showing that the coding rate of the idealized algorithm is asymptotically optimal. The emphasis in this paper is not the tightest analysis possible, but relative simplicity in analysis that can still bring out many of the empirically observed phenomena of Codelet Parsing.
Nanotextured Mold Surface with DLC Coating for Reduction in Residual Ceramic Particles (2021)

In the ceramic industry, ceramic particles remain on a mold surface due to which the mold requires frequent cleaning during press molding, reducing productivity. Surface texturing and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings are well-known surface-energy controllable treatments developed for low adhesion, low friction, and high wear resistance. In the present paper, we demonstrate the effect of reducing ceramic residues using nanotexturing, ta-C coatings, and their combination. We compare two surface morphologies (i.e., 770 nm pitch nanotexturing and flat) and five materials (i.e., nonhardened steel, hardened steel, ta-C, and two types of nitrogen-doped ta-C (ta-CNx). Molding test results show that the ta-C coating on flat surfaces with the highest hardness of 30 GPa shows the lowest residual amount of 5.9 μg for Al2O3 ceramic particles. The amount is 82% less than that of the nonhardened steel. The ta-CNx20, made with a nitrogen flow rate of 20 sccm, shows the lowest residual amount of 234 μg for SiO2 ceramic particles, which is 81% less than that of the nontextured ta-CNx20. In conclusion, we provide design guidelines for nanotextured mold surfaces including the texturing pitch should be small enough for ceramic particles; the mold surface should be sufficiently hard; the lower the surface energy per unit area, the less residues of ceramic particles.
Investigation of Wavelength Control Schemes in WDM-PONs (2011)

WDM-PON based on low-cost tunable lasers is a promising candidate for next-generation broadband optical access. For cost reasons, the tunable lasers must not be equipped with dedicated coolers and wavelength lockers. Then, correct tuning of the lasers must be ensured by cost-effective tuning mechanisms which are implemented and shared in the system context. In this paper, we describe several approaches to WDM-PON and how wavelength locking can be implemented.
Comprehensive combined visualization of anatomy and hemodynamics (2005)

In recent years, the assessment of patient-specific hemodynamic information of the cardiovascular system has become an important issue. It is believed that this information will improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Realistic patient geometries and flow velocities acquired from image data can nowadays be used as input for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the blood flow through the cardiovascular system. Results obtained from these simulations have to be comprehensively visualized so that the physician can understand them and draw diagnostic and/or therapeutic conclusions. The aim of the research reported in this paper is to provide methods for the combined comprehensive visualization of the anatomical information segmented from image data with the hemodynamic information acquired by CFD simulations based on these image data. Several methods are known for the visualization of the blood flow velocity, e.g. flow streamlines, particle traces or simple cut planes through the vessel with a color-coded overlay of the flow velocity. To make these flow visualizations more understandable for the physician, we have developed methods to generate combined visualizations of the simulated blood flow velocity and the patient’s anatomy segmented from the image data. First results of these methods show that the perception of CFD simulation results of blood flow is much better when it is combined with anatomical information of surrounding structures. Physicians reacted very enthusiastically during presentations of results of our new visualization methods. Results will be demonstrated at the conference.
SIMULATION OF ENERGY HARVESTING EEL BY THE IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHOD (2008)

In the present study, we carry out numerical simulations of energy harvesting eel by using the immersed boundary method. Eel is modeled by a flexible filament and is placed behind a circular cylinder. We perform systematic simulations in order to explore the effects of Reynolds number. The instantaneous eel motion is analyzed under different conditions and surrounding vortical structures are identified. The flapping frequency of eel has been compared with that in case of plate alone as well as filament alone. As increasing Reynolds number, we can see that the flexible filament flaps passively by obtaining the Strouhal number of cylinder alone and filament with cylinder.
Correction: Anatomical relationships between serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living human brain (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189318.].