gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic Field‐Effect Transistors: High Electron Mobility in Air for N,N′‐1H,1H‐Perfluorobutyldicyanoperylene Carboxydi‐imide Solution‐Crystallized Thin‐Film Transistors on Hydrophobic Surfaces (Adv. Mater. 32/2011) (2011)

As reported by Antonio Facchetti, JunTakeya, and coworkers, molecules of an n-type semiconductor PDIF-CN2 assemble with perfect periodicity into a molecular-crystal plate. The plate, formed in a narrow gap from a solution, works as an excellent n-type semiconductor. It is implemented in the best-performing printed logic element.
Activation of normal and cystic fibrosis Cl- channels by voltage, temperature, and trypsin. (1989)

In cystic fibrosis (CF) phosphorylation-dependent activation of outwardly rectifying apical membrane Cl- channels is defective. To further understand regulation of this channel we examined several other mechanisms of channel activation in normal and CF cells. Previous studies have shown that strong membrane depolarization can activate channels in excised cell-free membrane patches. Here we show that such activation is dependent on both the absolute membrane voltage and the duration of depolarization. Moreover, activation was reversible by membrane hyperpolarization. In some cases, excising patches of membrane from the cell caused channel activation, even in the absence of depolarization. However, the frequency of channel activation with patch excision increased when bath temperature was increased from 23 to 37 degrees C. Although the channel remained in the activated state when temperature was reduced to 23 degrees C, subsequent hyperpolarization inactivated the channel. In cell-attached patches, neither depolarization nor increasing bath temperature to 37 degrees C activated channels, suggesting that neither is physiologically important in regulation of the channel. Thus changes in membrane voltage and bath temperature appear to cause a nonenzymatic change in the channel's conformation; the interactions between voltage and temperature suggest that they may affect the same process. To determine if a proteolytic alteration of the channel could also cause activation, we added trypsin to the cytosolic surface of excised membrane patches. Trypsin activated channels, which could not then be inactivated by either hyperpolarization or phosphorylation with PKC, suggesting that trypsin removed or altered a region of the channel involved in inactivation. All of these interventions activated Cl- channels from both normal and CF cells. Thus many aspects of Cl- channel activation are normal in CF; only phosphorylation-dependent activation is defective.
Synthesis of a myelin‐like membrane by oligodendrocytes in culture (1986)

We have prepared highly purified cultures of rat oligodendrocytes by a modification of the procedure of McCarthy and de Vellis [1980]. By utilizing a substratum derived from lysed glia and a calf serum-containing medium with a high concentration of transferrin, the oligodendrocyte cultures display a high degree of purity, the ability to survive several months of culture, and a striking ability to produce a myelin-like membrane. We have examined the production of this myelin-like membrane using immunocytochemical and biochemical probes as well as an extensive morphological examination at the electron microscopic level. The membrane appears to be produced in a similar developmental pattern to that observed in vivo and it has the structural characteristics of loosely packed central nervous system myelin.
The space optical clocks project: Development of high-performance transportable and breadboard optical clocks and advanced subsystems (2012)

The use of ultra-precise optical clocks in space (“master clocks”) will allow for a range of new applications in the fields of fundamental physics (tests of Einstein's theory of General Relativity, time and frequency metrology by means of the comparison of distant terrestrial clocks), geophysics (mapping of the gravitational potential of Earth), and astronomy (providing local oscillators for radio ranging and interferometry in space). Within the ELIPS-3 program of ESA, the “Space Optical Clocks” (SOC) project aims to install and to operate an optical lattice clock on the ISS towards the end of this decade, as a natural follow-on to the ACES mission, improving its performance by at least one order of magnitude. The payload is planned to include an optical lattice clock, as well as a frequency comb, a microwave link, and an optical link for comparisons of the ISS clock with ground clocks located in several countries and continents. Undertaking a necessary step towards optical clocks in space, the EU-FP7-SPACE-2010-1 project no. 263500 (SOC2) (2011–2015) aims at two “engineering confidence“, accurate transportable lattice optical clock demonstrators having relative frequency instability below 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−15</sup> at 1 s integration time and relative inaccuracy below 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−17</sup> . This goal performance is about 2 and 1 orders better in instability and inaccuracy, respectively, than today's best transportable clocks. The devices will be based on trapped neutral ytterbium and strontium atoms. One device will be a breadboard. The two systems will be validated in laboratory environments and their performance will be established by comparison with laboratory optical clocks and primary frequency standards. In order to achieve the goals, SOC2 will develop the necessary laser systems - adapted in terms of power, linewidth, frequency stability, long-term reliability, and accuracy. Novel solutions with reduced space, power and mass requirements will be implemented. Some of the laser systems will be developed towards particularly high compactness and robustness levels. Also, the project will validate crucial laser components in relevant environments. In this paper we present the project and the results achieved during the first year.
Treatment of chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura with monoclonal anti‐D (1996)

The MoAb D used in this study cannot be proposed as an alternative treatment for patients with AITP.
The Wills eye manual : office and emergency room diagnosis and treatment of eye disease (2008)

SECTION HEADINGS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF OCULAR SYMPTOMS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF OCULAR SIGNS TRAUMA CORNEA CONJUNCTIVA/SCLERA/IRIS/ANTERIOR CHAMBER EYELID ORBIT PEDIATRICS GLAUCOMA NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA UVEITIS GENERAL OPHTHALMIC PROBLEMS IMAGING MODALITIES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PHARMACOPOEIA APPENDICES OPHTHALMIC ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS
Widely Tunable, Photoinvertible Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2011)

A photoinvertible chiral molecule allows for wide-range tuning encompassing the entirety of the optical range. UV light inverts the handedness of the cholesteric liquid-crystal (CLC) helix, which yields color tuning of the reflection notch. After the light is removed, the material quickly relaxes back to the original conformation. The optical properties of the CLC during tuning/inversion are correlated to the mesomorphic behavior of the mixture. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adiabatically Tapered Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Dispersion Control of High-k Waves (2014)

Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) have shown great promise in the optical and quantum communities due to their extremely large, broadband photonic density of states. This feature is a direct consequence of supporting photonic modes with unbounded k-vectors. While these materials support such high-k waves, they are intrinsically confined inside the HMM and cannot propagate into the far-field, rendering them impractical for many applications. Here, we demonstrate how the magnitude of k-vectors can be engineered as the propagating radiation passes through media of differing dispersion relations (including type II HMMs and dielectrics) in the in-plane direction. The total outcoupling efficiency of waves in the in-plane direction is shown to be on average 2 orders of magnitude better than standard out-of-plane outcoupling methods. In addition, the outcoupling can be further enhanced using a proposed tapered HMM waveguide that is fabricated using a shadowed glancing angle deposition technique; thereby proving the feasibility of the proposed device. Applications for this technique include converting high-k waves to low-k waves that can be out-coupled into free-space and creating extremely high-k waves that are quickly quenched. Most importantly, this method of in-plane outcoupling acts as a bridge through which waves can cross between the regimes of low-k waves in classical dielectric materials and the high-k waves in HMMs with strongly reduced reflective losses.
Successful excision of a pseudotumour in a congenitally factor V deficient patient (1998)

We report a patient with congenital homozygous factor V deficiency in whom a large pseudotumour in the right upper leg was successfully surgically excised under continuous substitution with fresh-frozen plasma.
Publier aujourd'hui une revue de sciences sociales (2013)

Le lecteur pourra prendre connaissance dans ces pages des interventions de la table ronde qui s’est tenue lors des journées d’étude organisées par Politix en vue de ce centième numéro. Ses participants ont, à partir de leur expérience propre, réfléchi aux opportunités et aux contraintes qui définissent actuellement l’édition de revues dans les sciences sociales.
Supramolecular Control of Propagation in Cationic Polymerization of Room Temperature Curable Epoxy Compositions (2013)

The cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of room temperature curable epoxy compositions was investigated in the presence of protic (alcohols), weakly chelating (linear polyethers), and strongly chelating (crown ethers) species. Epoxide conversion and gelation were monitored through infrared and rheological measurements. We demonstrate that the propensity of hydroxyl moieties to promote the activated monomer (AM) mechanism and the chelating ability of polyether groups toward the cationic species involved in this propagation mode can be combined to control two fundamental parameters of the gelation process of epoxy resins, the gel time (tgel) and the critical conversion (conversion at the gel point, xgel), by adequately adapting the amount of these additives. In the case of crown ether, a strong synergy between these two control tools was found and interpreted by the prolonged stabilization of protons involved in chain transfers, in the form of dormant supramolecular host–guest complexes. These results underline the potential of this new approach to control both the kinetic and architecture of epoxy growing network.
Mining Air for Fuels and Fine Chemicals (2022)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2021 report underscores that Direct Air Capture (DAC) is an essential component to limiting global warming to 2 ⁰C, yet separating CO2 from air and its subsequent concentration for conversion into carbon neutral fuels/chemicals or permanent storage remains energy intensive and costly. Further, most DAC technologies rely on repetitive capture and release cycles that reduces the amount of time the DAC materials are able to collect CO2 and increases wear and tear. Moisture swing (MS) sorption within anion exchange materials utilizes differences in relative humidity to capture and concentrate CO2 up to 500-fold with negligible energy inputs and low-cost sorbents. Molecular modeling predicts that membranes with a dry and wet side would actively transport CO2 from its dry side to its wet side against a counter flow of H2O evaporating on the dry side, however, existing MS materials are too brittle to be processed into membranes to test this hypothesis. This project brought together experts in DAC materials and design, techno-economic analysis and project management at Arizona State University (ASU), polymer processing at University of Texas at Austin (UTA) and modeling gas transport and exchange at Norther Arizona University (NAU) to develop hollow fiber membranes that use energy from water evaporation to continuously pump CO2 from air against a concentration gradient to the membranes interior and requiring significantly less energy than current DAC technologies. While this project did not meet its ultimate objectives of demonstrating an active CO2 pumping membrane, a number of key accomplishments were made in developing low-cost, flexible anion exchange membranes (AEM) at 3.5 m2 scale, characterizing the ionic and molecular transport within MS materials, and developing several analytical and mathematical models of the MS and pumping process leading to new fundamental knowledge about key rate limiting steps of CO2 flux in anion exchange membranes at low water activity. Technoeconomic models show that if CO2 fluxes ≥ 25 µmol CO2 m–2 s–1 (membrane surface area) are achieved that cost ≤ $100/tonne CO2 captured, purified and compressed to pipeline quality is possible. The knowledge gained in this research will guide future research in developing new materials toward overcoming these rate limiting steps that in turn could enable transformative and disruptive DAC technologies needed for capturing gigatons of CO2 per year needed to limiting global warming to 2 ⁰C.
Hafnium (IV) and zirconium (IV) porphyrinoid diacetate complexes as new dyes for solar cells (2010)

New concepts in the design and function of organic dyes as sensitizers for solar energy harvesting are needed. Simple porphyrin dyes offer cost effective synthesis and long-term stability, but new modes of incorporation into devices are needed to increase the efficiency of charge separation that drives any photonic device designed to harvest light. We are developing a new strategy to couple dyes to oxide surfaces using hafnium and zirconium metalloporphyrins. The formation of ternary complexes of Hf(IV) and Zr(IV) porphyrins with a Keggin polyoxometalate (POM), PW <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">39</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7−</sup> suggested that one way to self-organize porphyrinoids onto oxide surfaces is to use oxophilic group IV metals Hf and Zr. The 3–4 open metal coordination sites of Hf(Por) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> and Zr(Por) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> are bound primarily to surface defect sites by displacement of the auxiliary acetate ligands.
205 Single cell RNA expression in lupus nephritis comparing african-american and caucasian patients identifies differential expression of type I interferon pathway (2019)

Background African-American ethnicity is associated with a 3-fold higher risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, there is an increased risk of lupus nephritis (2-fold), high-risk histological features, and resistance to treatment. This may account for the increased mortality rate compared to Caucasian patients, especially in women. In Phase One of the Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP) study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing on kidney biopsies from patients with active lupus nephritis to identify pathways that were differentially expressed in African-American patients. Methods Single cell RNA sequencing was performed on renal biopsies obtained for clinical purpose for active nephritis using CEL-Seq2. Cell clusters with similar expression profile were identified using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). First, the relative abundance of a cluster in AAs compared to Caucasian was determined using a logistic mixed model. Second, the differential expression profile was determined for each cell cluster and we applied Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (QIAGEN Bioinformatics) to identify pathways of interest. Results Samples from 13 AA and 7 Caucasian patients were obtained. Of the 3097 sequenced cell libraries, we used 2354 which passed our quality filter for a total of 30 155 unique molecular identifiers. We identified 16 cell clusters including CD4, CD8, B and plasma cells, NK, myeloid cells, and tubular cells. We identified 2 cell clusters unique to African-American patients, a T and a B cell population with high expression of interferon inducible genes. We also identified that same cell populations may have differential gene expression profiles across ethnicity. For example, CD4 T cells in African-Americans have a higher expression of type 1 and type 2 interferon pathways. In contrast, myeloid cells have several upregulated pathways in Caucasians, including ERK/MAPK signaling. Conclusions African-American lupus nephritis patients may have a stronger interferon pathway activation in infiltrating immune cells. Several other pathways, including ERK/MAPK, are differentially expressed in infiltrating cells based on ethnicity. These results suggest that ethnicity might predict a response to both current and upcoming treatments, paving the way for a more personalized approach to treatment in lupus nephritis. Further work in Phase 2 of AMP will confirm and extend these findings. Funding Source(s): NIH foundation partnership with AbbVie, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson and Johnson, Lilly, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, and Verily.
Introducing the Oxypro process: A new refinery ethers process (1995)

The new Oxypro process developed by UOP is a unique, low-cost, refinery-based catalytic process for the production of diisopropyl ether (DIPE) from propylene and water. The ether DIPE has high octane, low vapor pressure, and excellent gasoline blending properties. The Oxypro process is especially well suited for processing propylene derived from the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) within the refinery. After amine and Merox treating, the FCCU-derived propylene is fed directly along with water to the Oxypro process. The propylene and water are converted to DIPE at more than 98 wt-% selectivity. The Oxypro product has more than 98 wt-% DIPE purity and octanes of 112 research octane number clear (RONC) and 98 motor octane number clear (MONC).
Structure of Metal–Organic Framework Glasses by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (2020)

While metal–organic frameworks have been mostly studied in their crystalline form, recent advances were made on their amorphous phases both in fundamental understanding and in relation to potential applications. In particular, the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) glasses, that can be obtained from quenching liquid ZIFs, have shown promise. However, the details of their microscopic structure are very hard to probe experimentally. Here, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nature of ZIF glasses obtained from quenching molten ZIFs in silico. Through computational modeling of the melt–quench process on three different ZIF crystals, we aim to understand the effect of topology and chemistry upon the structure of the glass, compared to both the crystalline precursor and the high-temperature liquid. We report here the first direct computational description of MOF glasses at the quantum chemical level. We find that both the chemical nature of the imidazolate linker and the topology of the framework play a role in the behavior upon quenching and the properties of the glasses obtained: structure, average coordination, and pore space.
Mechanisms of Sodium Hypochlorite-Induced Contraction of Rat Aorta: Potential Importance in Atherogenesis and Apoptotic Phenomena in Cardiovascular Diseases (2017)

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on isolated rat aortic rings with and without endothelium. In the absence of any vasoactive agent, NaOCl alone elicited an endothelium-independent contraction in rat aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. NaOCl-induced contractions of intact rat aortic rings appeared, however, to be slightly stronger than those on denuded rat aortic rings. Our results demonstrate a stronger contractile effect of NaOCl on aortic segments of rats with increasing age and weight. The contractile responses to NaOCl were neither reversible nor reproducible in the same ring; even small concentrations of NaOCl resulted in tachyphylaxis. Removal of extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) or buffering intracellular Ca2+ with 10 μM acetyl methyl ester of bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′,-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM) significantly attenuated the contractile actions of NaOCl. The presence of 1 μM staurosporine, 1 μM bisindolylmaleimide I, 1 μM Go697{12-(2-Cyanoethyl)-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo{2,3-a] pyrrolo {3,4-c} carbazole, inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), 2 μM PD-098059 {2-(2-Amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases)}, 10 μM genistein (inhibitor of tyrosine kinase), and 1 μM wortmannin {an antagonist of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks)} completely inhibited the contractions induced by NaOCl. Several specific antagonists of possible endogenously- formed vasoconstrictors did not inhibit or attenuate NaOCl-induced contractions. Our new results suggest that NaOCl-triggered contractions on rat aortic rings are Ca2+-dependent. Several intracellular signal transduction systems seem to play roles in NaOCl-induced vasoconstriction of rat aortic rings.
Synthesis of DNA Templates Containing the Fifth Base, 2-Amino-6-(dimethylamino)purine, for Specific Transcription Involving Unnatural Base Pairs (2001)

Abstract An unnatural nucleobase, pyridin-2-one (denoted as y), can be specifically incorporated into RNA opposite 2-amino-6-(dimethylamino)purine (denoted as x) in DNA templates by T7 RNA polymerase. For the easy preparation of DNA templates containing x, protecting groups for the 2-amino group of x were examined. Although the general N2 protecting groups, such as isobutyryl and acetyl, resisted removal by the usual treatment with concentrated ammonia at 55 °C for 6 h, the N2-phenoxyacetyl group was successfully removed from the protected oligomers. This DNA synthesis would be a useful method for preparation of DNA templates toward enzymatic incorporation of unnatural nucleosides into RNA at desired positions.