gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: Health Research and Capacity Building in Disease-Endemic Countries for Helminthiases Control (2012)

Capacity building in health research generally, and helminthiasis research particularly, is pivotal to the implementation of the research and development agenda for the control and elimination of human helminthiases that has been proposed thematically in the preceding reviews of this collection. Since helminth infections affect human populations particularly in marginalised and low-income regions of the world, they belong to the group of poverty-related infectious diseases, and their alleviation through research, policy, and practice is a sine qua non condition for the achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Current efforts supporting research capacity building specifically for the control of helminthiases have been devised and funded, almost in their entirety, by international donor agencies, major funding bodies, and academic institutions from the developed world, contributing to the creation of (not always equitable) North-South "partnerships". There is an urgent need to shift this paradigm in disease-endemic countries (DECs) by refocusing political will, and harnessing unshakeable commitment by the countries' governments, towards health research and capacity building policies to ensure long-term investment in combating and sustaining the control and eventual elimination of infectious diseases of poverty. The Disease Reference Group on Helminth Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), was given the mandate to review helminthiases research and identify research priorities and gaps. This paper discusses the challenges confronting capacity building for parasitic disease research in DECs, describes current capacity building strategies with particular reference to neglected tropical diseases and human helminthiases, and outlines recommendations to redress the balance of alliances and partnerships for health research between the developed countries of the "North" and the developing countries of the "South". We argue that investing in South-South collaborative research policies and capacity is as important as their North-South counterparts and is essential for scaled-up and improved control of helminthic diseases and ultimately for regional elimination.
Low-Cost Goal for Safer Performance During Automobile Side Impacts (2006)

In the interest of safety, each new version of NCHRP Report 350 makes new requirements for collision performance. These requirements usually follow technical improvements, but in some cases are a reflection of newly perceived need. A serious concern before changes are made is increasing the cost of structures which are already performing reasonably well. Guardrail end treatments can be improved in performance but is that improvement needed and cost effective? Eight “side hit” crash tests are described here demonstrating low cost design changes for guardrail end treatments which make them safer during the 90o yaw collision. This is a collision with a side of the vehicle leading, a test termed “optional” by Report 350 and expected to remain optional in the ongoing revision. Four of these tests present low cost modifications of extruder type end treatments and slotted rail terminals. Remarkable safety improvement is shown by an end attachment called CPSI (Collision Performance Side Impact) to both extruder types and slotted rail terminals, although some extruders may be modified to accommodate side hit without the addition of CPSI.
Spatially resolved epigenome-transcriptome co-profiling of mammalian tissues at the cellular level (2022)

Abstract Emerging spatial technologies including spatial transcriptomics and spatial epigenomics are becoming powerful tools for profiling cellular states in the tissue context. However, current methods capture only one layer of omics information at a time precluding the possibility to examine the mechanistic relationship across the cental dogma of molecular biology. Here, we present two spatial multi-omics technologies for spatially resolved genome-wide joint mapping of epigenome and transcriptome by co-profiling chromatin accessibility and gene expression (spatial-ATAC-RNA-seq) or histone modification and gene expression (spatial-CUT&amp;Tag-RNA-seq) on the same tissue section at a resolution near single cells. They were applied to embryonic and neonatal mouse brain as well as adult human brain to map how epigenetic states or modifications regulate cell type and dynamics in tissue. Although distinct tissue features were identified by either spatial epigenome or spatial transcriptome alone with high concordance, we observed their differential roles in defining cell states. In general, epigenetic state proceeds the development of transcriptional phenotype in relation to epigenetic lineage priming. We also observed high expression canonical markers such as PROX1 in the granular cell layer of the human hippocampus showed low chromatin accessibility that corresponded to a low level of RNA turnover rate, highlighting a divergent need for open chromatin or transcription to control cell identity and dynamics. Spatial epigenome-transcriptome co-profiling is a highly informative tool to study the mechanism of gene expression regulation in tissue and may enable a wide range of applications in life science and biomedical research.
The Effects of pH and Intraliposomal Buffer Strength on the Rate of Liposome Content Release and Intracellular Drug Delivery (1998)

Targeted liposomal drug formulations may enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and then traffick by membrane flow into acidic intracellular compartments. In order to understand the impact of these intracellular pH changes on liposomal drug unloading, the effect of pH on the release from folate-targeted liposomes of three model compounds with distinct pH dependencies was examined. 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, which titrates from its anionic to uncharged form following internalization by KB cells, displays strong endocytosis-dependent release, since only its uncharged (endosomal) form is membrane permeable. Endocytosis-triggered unloading of drugs of this sort is enhanced by encapsulating the drug in a weak buffer at neutral pH, so that acidification of the intraliposomal compartment following cellular uptake can occur rapidly. Sulforhodamine B, in contrast, retains both anionic and cationic charges at endosomal pH (approximately pH 5), and consequently, escapes the endosomes only very slowly. Doxorubicin, which is commonly loaded into liposomes in its membrane-impermeable (cationic) form using an acidic buffer, still displays endocytosis-triggered unloading, since sufficient uncharged doxorubicin remains at endosomal pHs to allow rapid re-equilibration of the drug according to the new proton gradient across the membrane. In this case, when the extraliposomal [H+] increases 250-fold from 4 x 10(-8) M (pH 7.4, outside the cell) to 10(-5) M (pH 5, inside the endosome), the ratio of doxorubicin inside to outside the liposome must decrease by a factor of 250. Therefore, the collapse of the transliposomal pH gradient indirectly drives an efflux of the drug molecule from the liposome. Since a change in intraliposomal pH is not required to unload drugs of this type, the intraliposomal compartment can be buffered strongly at acidic pH to prevent premature release of the drug outside the cell. In summary, pH triggered release of liposome-encapsulated drugs can be achieved both with drugs that increase as well as decrease their membrane permeabilities upon acidification, as long as the intraliposomal buffer strength and pH is rationally selected.
Establishing the Proteome of Normal Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (2010)

Our results represent the most comprehensive characterization of true normal CSF to date. This normal CSF proteome establishes a comparative standard and basis for investigations into a variety of diseases with neurological and psychiatric features.
HIST1H2BB and MAGI2 Methylation and Somatic Mutations as Precision Medicine Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2020)

Molecular alterations that contribute to long-term (LT) and short-term (ST) survival in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) may be used as precision medicine biomarkers. DNA promoter methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis, which can be detected in blood and urine, making it a feasible companion biomarker to somatic mutations for early detection and targeted treatment workflows. We compared the methylation profile in 12 HGSC tissue samples to 30 fallopian tube epithelium samples, using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K Array. We also used 450K methylation arrays to compare methylation among HGSCs long-term survivors (more than 5 years) and short-term survivors (less than 3 years). We verified the array results using bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). in another cohort of HGSC patient samples (<i>n</i> = 35). Immunoblot and clonogenic assays after pharmacologic unmasking show that <i>HIST1H2BB</i> and <i>MAGI2</i> promoter methylation downregulates mRNA expression levels in ovarian cancer cells. We then used qMSP in paired tissue, ascites, plasma/serum, vaginal swabs, and urine from a third cohort of patients with HGSC cancer (<i>n</i> = 85) to test the clinical potential of <i>HIST1H2BB</i> and <i>MAGI2</i> in precision medicine workflows. We also performed next-generation exome sequencing of 50 frequently mutated in human cancer genes, using the Ion AmpliSeqCancer Hotspot Panel, to show that the somatic mutation profile found in tissue and plasma can be quantified in paired urine samples from patients with HGSC. Our results suggest that HIST1H2BB and MAGI2 have growth-suppressing roles and can be used as HGSC precision medicine biomarkers.
High Temperature RTP Application in SOI Manufacturing (2008)

Significant performance enhancements are offered by silicon on insulator (SOI) or strained silicon, SOI being adopted for advanced devices in sustaining Moore’s law. Sub-45 nm device options are including fully depleted (FD) devices, that are stressing even more specifications for thickness uniformity. Nano-uniformity, considering thickness variation contributions from device level to wafer scale, has been introduced in substrate optimization and latest Unibond products are verifying FD requirements. Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) based surface smoothing has been introduced in Unibond processing to combine thickness control and product quality requirements.
Kerberos Service Discovery using DNS (2016)

This document proposes defines a new mechanism for discovering
Kerberos services using DNS. This new mechanism extends the mechanism
already defined in Kerberos V5 [RFC4120] and has four goals. First,
reduce the number of DNS queries required to discover a Kerberos KDC.
Second, provide DNS administrators more control over client behavior.
Third, provide support for discovery of the MS- KKDCP transport.
Fourth, define a discovery procedure for Kerberos password services.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Renal Surgery in the Morbidly and Profoundly Obese (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Jul 2005Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Renal Surgery in the Morbidly and Profoundly Obese Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)60057-2AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Renal Surgery in the Morbidly and Profoundly Obese." The Journal of Urology, 174(1), p. 175 References 1 : Laparoscopic complications in markedly obese urologic patients (a multi-institutional review). Urology1996; 48: 562. Google Scholar 2 : Laparoscopic renal and adrenal surgery in obese patients: comparison to open surgery. J Urol1999; 162: 665. Link, Google Scholar © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 1July 2005Page: 175 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Multitask principal–agent analyses: incentive contracts, asset ownership, and job design (2009)

In the standard economic treatment of the principal–agent problem, compensation systems serve the dual function of allocating risks and rewarding productive work. A tension between these two functions arises when the agent is risk averse, for providing the agent with effective work incentives often forces him to bear unwanted risk. Existing formal models that have analyzed this tension, however, have produced only limited results. It remains a puzzle for this theory that employment contracts so often specify fixed wages and more generally that incentives within firms appear to be so muted, especially compared to those of the market. Also, the models have remained too intractable to effectively address broader organizational issues such as asset ownership, job design, and allocation of authority.
Immobilization of Anions on Polymer Matrices for Gel Electrolytes with High Conductivity and Stability in Lithium Ion Batteries (2016)

TiO2 (to 6.5 V vs Li/Li(+)). Immobilization of PF6(-) anions also leads to the formation of stable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layers in a full-cell graphite|electrolyte|LiFePO4 battery, which exhibits low SEI and overall resistances. The graphite|electrolyte|LiFePO4 battery delivers high capacity of 84 mAh g(-1) even at 20 C and presents 90% and 71% capacity retention after 100 and 1000 charge-discharge cycles, respectively. This study demonstrates a GPE architecture comprising 3D space charge pathways for Li(+) ions and suppresses anion decomposition to improve the stability and lifespan of the resulting LIBs.
Designed Synthesis of Nanostructured Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Based Drug Nanocarrier for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery toward the Treatment of Human Epidermoid Carcinoma (2017)

Superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on hydroxyapatite nanorod based nanostructures (Fe₃O₄/HAp) were synthesized using hydrothermal techniques at 180 °C for 12 h and were used as drug delivery nanocarriers for cancer cell therapeutic applications. The synthesized Fe₃O₄/HAp nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The morphologies of the Fe₃O₄/HAp nanocomposites show 15 nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles dispersed in the form of rods. The BET result shows that the synthesized samples have a high specific surface area of 80 m² g<sup>-1</sup> with mesoporous structures. Magnetic measurements revealed that the sample has high saturation magnetization of 18 emu/g with low coercivity. The Fe₃O₄/HAp nanocomposites had a large specific surface area (SSA), high mesoporous volume, and good magnetic property, which made it a suitable nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery systems. The chemotherapeutic agent, andrographolide, was used to investigate the drug delivery behavior of the Fe₃O₄/HAp nanocomposites. The human epidermoid skin cancer cells (A431) were used as the model targeting cell lines by treating with andrographolide loaded Fe₃O₄/HAp nanosystems and were further evaluated for their antiproliferative activities and the induction of apoptosis. Also, the present nanocomposite shows better biocompatibility, therefore it can be used as suitable drug vehicle for cancer therapy applications.
Multiple harmonics control for three-phase grid converter systems with the use of PI-RES current controller in a rotating frame (2006)

Voltage source inverters connected to the grid in applications such as active rectifiers, active filters, uninterruptible power supplies, and distributed generation systems need an optimal ac current control. To obtain zero steady-state error at the fundamental frequency (i.e., unity power factor), the use of a standard integrator in a rotating frame is as effective as the use of a resonant controller in a stationary frame. However, the grid voltage harmonics influence the current controller and generate current harmonics unless several integrators in multiple rotating frames or resonant compensators in a stationary frame are adopted. In this letter, a hybrid system consisting of a proportional integral (PI) controller plus a generic h <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic resonant controller implemented in a frame rotating at the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic frequency is discussed in detail. The h <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th </sup> harmonic controller is able to decrease both the (h - n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th </sup> and (h + n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonics, while the PI controller is able to decrease other harmonics if the synchronization phase signal adopted for the frame transformation is unfiltered. It is demonstrated that the use of a PI and sixth harmonic resonant compensator is effective for both positive and negative sequence fifth and seventh harmonics; hence, four harmonics are compensated with the proportional integral-resonant (PI-RES) controller implemented in a synchronous frame. Simulation and experimental tests validate the proposed analysis
Cooperative Defense against Pollution Attacks in Network Coding Using SpaceMac (2011)

Intra-session network coding is known to be vulnerable to pollution attacks. In this work, first, we introduce a novel homomorphic MAC scheme called SpaceMac, which allows an intermediate node to verify if its received packets belong to a specific subspace, even if the subspace is expanding over time. Then, we use SpaceMac as a building block to design a cooperative scheme that provides complete defense against pollution attacks: (i) it can detect polluted packets early at intermediate nodes and (ii) it can identify the exact location of all, even colluding, attackers, thus making it possible to eliminate them. Our scheme is cooperative: parents and children of any node cooperate to detect any corrupted packets sent by the node, and nodes in the network cooperate with a central controller to identify the exact location of all attackers. We implement SpaceMac in both C/C++ and Java as a library, and we make the library available online. Our evaluation on both a PC and an Android device shows that (i) SpaceMac's algorithms can be computed quickly and efficiently, and (ii) our cooperative defense scheme has low computation and significantly lower communication overhead than other comparable state-of-the-art schemes.
Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis in Drug Discovery and Development. An Industrial Perspective. Edited by Matthew L. Crawley and Barry M. Trost. (2013)

John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2012. 376 pp., hardcover, € 80.40.—ISBN 978-0470631324
P2.7.5 Sensing Properties of Nano Tin Oxide Gas Sensors for the Detection of NO2 of ppb Level (2012)

Sensing behaviors of tin oxide (SnO2)-based gas sensors prepared with various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanochains, flower-like nanoparticles and nanowires were investigated for the detection of a very low concentration of NO2(ppb level). Various SnO2nanomaterials were prepared by the precipitation and thermal evaporation methods. A SnO2 thick film gas sensor fabricated by screen printing method showed a sensor response of about 20%. On the other hands, tin oxide nanowires (TNW) gas sensor synthesized by the thermal evaporation method showed a very high sensor response in the detection of a low concentration of NO2 at 0.1 ppm.
Wafer-scale microdevice transfer/interconnect: from a new integration method to its application in an afm-based data-storage system (2004)

We have developed a robust, CMOS back end of the line (BEOL) compatible, wafer-scale device transfer and interconnect method for batch fabricating system on chip (SOC) that are especially suitable for MEMS or VLSI-MEMS applications. We have applied this method to transfer arrays of 4096 freestanding cantilevers with good cantilever flatness control and high-density vertical electrical interconnects to the receiver wafer (typically CMOS). Such an array is used in a highly parallel scanning-probe-based data-storage system called the "Millipede". A very high integration density has been achieved even at wafer-scale transfer thanks to the interlocking nature of the interconnect structure, which provides easy alignment with an accuracy of 2 /spl mu/m. The typical integration density is 100 canti-levers/mm/sup 2/ and 300 electrical interconnects/mm/sup 2/. Note that only the cantilevers, not a chip with cantilevers, are transferred and, unlike flip-chip technology, our method preserves the device orientation which is crucial for MEMS applications, where often the MEMS device should have access to its environment (in our case, the cantilever tips are in contact with the storage media). After device transfer, the system is mechanically and electrically stable up to at least 500 /spl deg/C, allowing post-transfer wafer processing.
Quantification of Functionalised Gold Nanoparticle-Targeted Knockdown of Gene Expression in HeLa Cells (2014)

The desired outcome for biological knockdown studies is the efficient reduction of a specific target; which we demonstrate by using ssDNA inhibitory sequences targeted to human metallothionein IIa gene transcripts that result in the knockdown of both the mRNA transcript and the target protein.
Uplink Resource Allocation for Video Transmission in Wireless LAN System (2022)

Various applications have been realized by wireless communications. Especially, applications using ultra-high-definition video transmission are attracting attention. There is an increasing demand for ultra-high-definition video transmission over uplink in these applications. Such large-capacity uplink traffic plays an important role not only in mobile phone networks but also in private networks such as wireless local area network (LAN). In wireless LAN systems, uplink transmission access schemes are broadly divided into (a) uplink transmission based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (UL CSMA/CA) and (b) trigger-based access. From the viewpoint of video transmission, trigger-based access, which can control the transmission timing, is more suitable than UL CSMA/CA, which cannot control the transmission timing. However, even if trigger-based access is performed, highly demanding applications such as ultra-high-definition video transmission cause a problem that increasing the capacity of wireless communication systems does not directly bring to the realization of applications. Therefore, we consider that it is necessary to evaluate video throughput, which is based on the criteria whether requirements for ultra-high-definition video transmission have been satisfied, instead of the bit throughput, which is calculated from bits received correctly. In this paper, we consider the video throughput and propose uplink radio resources allocation using application proportional fairness to utilize radio resources efficiently for video transmission. Computer simulation shows that our proposal can significantly improve the video throughput compared with a typical radio resource allocation scheme, proportional fairness.