gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo mice lung tumor follow-up with fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (2008)

We present in vivo experiments conducted with a new fluorescence diffuse optical tomographic (fDOT) system on cancerous mice bearing mammary murine tumors. We first briefly present this new system that has been developed and its associated reconstruction method. Its main specificity is its ability to reconstruct the fluorescence yield even in heterogeneous and highly attenuating body regions such as lungs and to enable mouse inspection without immersion in optical index matching liquid (Intralipid and ink). Some phantom experiments validate the performance of this new system for heterogeneous media inspection. Its use for a mice study is then related. It consists in the follow-up of the lungs at different stages of tumor development after injection of RAFT-(cRGD)4-Alexa700. As expected, the reconstructed fluorescence increases along with the tumor stage. These results validate the use of our system for biological studies of small animals.
Erbium minilaser operating under free-running andQ-switching conditions (1990)

Active elements made of chromium ytterbium erbium glass LGS-Kh were operated under free-running conditions at a differential efficiency of 3.5%. Q-switched single pulses with energies up to 100 mJ were generated at an efficiency of 0.27%.
Enterocin 012, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus gallinarum isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich (2000)

Enterococcus gallinarum strain 012, isolated from the duodenum of ostrich, produced enterocin 012 which is active against Ent. faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lact. sake, Listeria innocua, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, Propionibacterium sp., Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. One of the four pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich was inhibited by enterocin 012. No antimicrobial activity was recorded against Bacillus cereus, Cl. sporogenes, Cl. tyrobutyricum, Leuconostoc cremoris, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus carnosus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Enterocin 012 was resistant to treatment with lysozyme, catalase, lipase and papain, but sensitive to Proteinase K, alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and pepsin. Treatment of enterocin 012 with gastric juice from the duodenum resulted in a 50% loss of antibacterial activity. Half of the activity was lost when incubated at 80 degrees C for 30 min, or when kept overnight at a pH of 1.0-5.0 and pH 11.0 and 12.0, respectively. Enterocin 012 production started in mid-logarithmic growth and reached a maximum of 800 AU ml-1, but increased further to 1600 AU ml-1 in the stationary growth phase. The peptide is approximately 3.4 kDa in size, as determined after partial purification with Amberlite XAD-1180 and ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by tricine-sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The mechanism of antimicrobial activity against Lact. sake LMG 13558 is bactericidal and caused cell lysis of active growing cells.
6-Alkoxy-5-aryl-3-pyridinecarboxamides, a New Series of Bioavailable Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1) Antagonists Including Peripherally Selective Compounds (2013)

We identified 6-alkoxy-5-aryl-3-pyridinecarboxamides as potent CB1 receptor antagonists with high selectivity over CB2 receptors. The series was optimized to reduce lipophilicity compared to rimonabant to achieve peripherally active molecules with minimal central effects. Several compounds that showed high plasma exposures in rats were evaluated in vivo to probe the contribution of central vs peripheral CB1 agonism to metabolic improvement. Both rimonabant and 14g, a potent brain penetrant CB1 receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the rate of body weight gain. However, 14h, a molecule with markedly reduced brain exposure, had no significant effect on body weight. PK studies confirmed similarly high exposure of both 14h and 14g in the periphery but 10-fold lower exposure in the brain for 14h. On the basis of these data, which are consistent with reported effects in tissue-specific CB1 receptor KO mice, we conclude that the metabolic benefits of CB1 receptor antagonists are primarily centrally mediated as originally believed.
Synthesis of a Phosphonate Analog of Sialic Acid (Neu5Ac) Using Indium-Mediated Allylation of Unprotected Carbohydrates in Aqueous Media (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of a Phosphonate Analog of Sialic Acid (Neu5Ac) Using Indium-Mediated Allylation of Unprotected Carbohydrates in Aqueous MediaJinming Gao, Valeri Martichonok, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 26, 9538–9540Publication Date (Web):December 27, 1996Publication History Received1 October 1996Published online27 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961290yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961290ybrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Indium,Mixtures,Organic compounds,Organic reactions,Organophosphorus compounds Get e-Alerts
A lipopeptide based on the M2 and HA proteins of influenza A viruses induces protective antibody (2010)

A conserved 15 amino-acid residue sequence of the ectodomain of the M2 protein of influenza A virus (M2e) induces a strong antibody (Ab) response when incorporated into a synthetic lipopeptide vaccine candidate containing a T-helper epitope from influenza A hemagglutinin and the dendritic cell-targeting lipid moiety S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine (Pam2Cys). Abs elicited by the truncated M2e sequence were specific for the M2 protein of influenza A virus and were also capable of binding to cells that were infected with influenza A viruses of different subtypes. The Ab titres against the lipopeptide were similar in magnitude to those elicited by the full-length (23 residue) M2e peptide when administered in Freund's adjuvant. Abs to the truncated M2e sequence were also able to significantly reduce the viral load in airways of BALB/c mice after challenge with live influenza virus.
Mullitization of Diphasic Aluminosilicate Gels (1991)

Recent studies have shown that the mullitization of diphasic aluminosilicate matrices comprising transitional alumina and amorphous silica occurs via a nucleation and growth process. Nucleation is preceded by a temperature‐dependent incubation period. Following this incubation period, rapid nucleation of mullite occurs, producing about 1.8 × 10 11 nuclei/cm 3 , which remains constant throughout the rest of the transformation. Both incubation and mullite growth are thermally activated processes with apparent activation energies of 987 ± 63 and 1070 ± 200 kJ/mol, respectively. The growth rate of mullite grains under isothermal conditions is time dependent. An interpretation of these results is proposed on the basis of the nucleation and growth concepts of LaMer and Dinegar which supports the concept that the growth rate of mullite grains is controlled by the dissolution of transitional alumina into the amorphous matrix.
Synthesis of conjugation-ready zwitterionic oligosaccharides by chemoselective thioglycoside activation (2014)

A method to chemoselectively activate thioglycosides in the presence of thioethers is developed and applied in the total synthesis of repeating units of<italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>Sp1 and<italic>B. fragilis</italic>PS A1. Biochemical evaluation of these glycans is performed after conjugation to reporter moieties.
Precursor Ion Spectrum (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers (2018)

Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another. In addition, for the first time, we show how dedicated measurements by magnetometers near to the interferometers can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise, making a potential detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background possible.
Measurement of light-by-light scattering and search for axion-like particles with 2.2 nb−1 of Pb+Pb data with the ATLAS detector (2021)

A bstract This paper describes a measurement of light-by-light scattering based on Pb+Pb collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC. The study uses 2 . 2 nb − 1 of integrated luminosity collected in 2015 and 2018 at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>NN</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV. Light-by-light scattering candidates are selected in events with two photons produced exclusively, each with transverse energy $$ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma } $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> &gt; 2 . 5 GeV, pseudorapidity |η γ | &lt; 2 . 37, diphoton invariant mass m γγ &gt; 5 GeV, and with small diphoton transverse momentum and diphoton acoplanarity. The integrated and differential fiducial cross sections are measured and compared with theoretical predictions. The diphoton invariant mass distribution is used to set limits on the production of axion-like particles. This result provides the most stringent limits to date on axion-like particle production for masses in the range 6–100 GeV. Cross sections above 2 to 70 nb are excluded at the 95% CL in that mass interval.
Toward Industrially Relevant Sn-BETA Zeolites: Synthesis, Activity, Stability, and Regeneration (2022)

Lewis acidic Snβ zeolites have emerged as highly interesting catalysts for a variety of biomass-related reactions. During the last decades, a vast body of research has focused on unravelling the identity of the (most) active Sn sites. Recent research has shifted its focus from fine-tuning one single type of active Sn-site toward optimizing the overall catalytic activity and stability of the Snβ zeolite, which is more suitable from an industrial point of view. After delving into a discussion of the Sn active sites, this Perspective highlights the recent developments that are essential for industrial implementation of Snβ zeolites, with an emphasis on the most recent insights and findings for improving the catalyst’s productivity and stability.
Optical Injection and Lasing Dynamics in Long-Wavelength VCSELs With Intracavity Patterning (2015)

We present the static and optical injection response of wafer-fused long-wavelength VCSELs with and without intracavity patterning. It is found that the extra optical cavity patterning increases the gain anisotropy between orthogonal polarization modes, increasing the polarization stability, and influencing the dynamic response of the device. Dynamics features are summarized on maps in the injection power-master/slave detuning plane, and good agreement is obtained with the spin-flip model of VCSEL polarization modes.
Evaluation of numerical modelling for a compact down-hole subsea gas-liquid separator for high gas content (2009)

This paper describes the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of a laboratory scale gas-liquid separator designed for high gas content. The separator consists of two concentric pipes with swirl tube in the annular space between the pipes. The gas-liquid mixture comes tangentially from the side inlet and the system works with a combination of gravity and centrifugal forces to achieve a high-efficient gas-liquid separation. Three dimensional transient multi-phase fluid flows were solved to predict the velocity and volume fraction of each phase. The standard k- turbulence model was used for turbulence closure. The performance of the gas-liquid separator was visually established for a range of gas flow rates (271–495 L/min), with volume fraction (VF) =0.874–0.985 by observing the liquid carry over (LCO) regime where liquid was carried out in the gas stream. The liquid and gas flow rates at which the LCO was observed defines the upper operational range of the separator. Air-water mixture was used in the numerical simulations to keep consistent with the experiments. The pressure between the inlet and exit was validated against the experiments for different air-water flow rate combinations. The values were matched reasonably well for high air flow rate (495 L/min, VF=0.985) but were under-predicted for low air flow rate (271 L/min, VF=0.874). The air and water were mixed upstream of the inlet in the experiments and the pressure was measured at the start of the inlet. In case of numerical simulation the air and water were mixed at the inlet. This might cause the deviation of pressure when the air flow rate was low.
Polymers from Biomass: Characterization, Modification, Degradation, and Applications (2016)

1DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Indian Oil R&D Center, Sector 13, Faridabad 121007, India 2Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 3Chemical Engineering Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA 4Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
Nonlinear nanoelectromechanical systems (2012)

The emerging field of NEMS has spawned an exceptional recent growth of activity amongst the research and engineering communities. Among the many interesting attributes of NEMS, they possess strong and easily attainable nonlinear response. This chapter reviews recent advances made with nonlinear NEMS. It begins by describing an experiment where regions of bistability — basins of attraction — of an individual resonator are elucidated. It then shows that a system of two interacting nonlinear resonators manifests even richer dynamics, including tunable nonlinearity, spontaneous amplitude modulation oscillations, and the onset of deterministic chaos. Next, it explores the phenomenon of parametric resonance with an individual NEMS resonator, which enables mechanical-domain amplification with very high and stable gain, and significant quality factor enhancement. Finally, the chapter demonstrates that a pair of parametric resonators enables a new type of amplification that is based on induced dynamical changes to the bifurcation topology of a coupled-NEMS system.
Mass Transport of Leveling Agents in Plating: Steady‐State Model for Blocking Additives (1990)

A quantitative model for the leveling effects of plating additives is presented. The fundamental assumption of this model is that the coverage of adsorbed additive is controlled by mass transport. Adsorbed additive is consumed through inclusion and electrochemical reaction and hence is replaced through transport and adsorption from the bulk solution. The primary effect of the adsorbed additive is assumed to be the blocking of the deposition current at the adsorption site. This steady‐state model reproduces the unique characteristics of additive polarization curves, including hysteresis and peaks in overpotential. Three dimensionless groups which characterize additive modified kinetics are identified. The model predicts the extent of either positive leveling or growing roughness on both the micro and macro scales. Sample plating maps are presented which indicate recommended operating windows for producing smooth and level deposits for various mass transfer boundary layer thicknesses and additive compositions.
Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors: Their Potential in the Therapy of Breast Cancer (2005)

Steroid sulfatase (STS) is the only well characterized enzyme in human cells that is capable to desulfate estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as a first step in the conversion of these precursors to active hormones. STS has been found to be highly expressed in estrogen-dependent breast tumors in post-menopausal women and is regarded as a crucial component of the local estrogen production that is required for tumor growth and survival. Inhibitors of STS are expected to block the intra-tumoral estrogen synthesis and, therefore, are considered as potential new therapeutic agents for the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers of the breast and the endometrium. In this review, we give an overview on the current status in the field of medicinal chemistry of STS inhibitors. Newer developments comprise potent aryl sulfamate-based irreversible inhibitors, and several types of reversible inhibitors. Other directions include compounds with dual mode of action, such as compounds that block both STS and aromatase, or act as STS inhibitors and antiproliferative or antiangiogenic agents at the same time. In particular, these agents featuring an extended mode of action hold promise to be included in the armamentarium to fight endocrine-dependent cancer.
Linear prediction modulation filtering for speaker recognition of reverberant speech. (2012)

This paper proposes a framework for spectral enhancement of reverberant speech based on inversion of the modulation transfer function. All-pole modeling of modulation spectra of clean and degraded speech are utilized to derive the linear prediction inverse modulation transfer function (LP-IMTF) solution as a low-order IIR filter in the modulation envelope domain. By considering spectral estimation under speech presence uncertainty, speech presence probabilities are derived for the case of reverberation. Aside from enhancement, the LP-IMTF framework allows for blind estimation of reverberation time by extracting a minimum phase approximation of the short-time spectral channel impulse response. The proposed speech enhancement method is used as a front-end processing step for speaker recognition . When applied to the microphone condition of the NISTSRE 2010 with artificially added reverberation, the proposed spectral enhancement method yields significant improvements across a variety of performance metrics.
A Detailed Comparative Analysis of Anterior Versus Posterior Approach to Lenke 5C Curves (2017)

2.
Development of an Exhaust Gas Recirculation Distribution Prediction Method Using Three-Dimensional Flow Analysis and Its Application (2003)

A multidimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has been used to improve the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) distribution in the intake manifold. Since gas flow in the intake system is affected by intake pulsation caused by the gas exchange process, a pulsation flow simulation is used. A one-dimensional gas exchange calculation is combined with three-dimensional intake gas flow calculation to simulate pulsation flow. This pulsation flow simulation makes it possible to predict the EGR distribution. The gas flow in the intake system was analyzed in detail. It was found that a reverse flow region formed downstream of the throttle valve. The size and shape of the reverse flow region greatly depend on the engine operating conditions. With a conventional EGR system, it is difficult to distribute EGR uniformly under various engine operating conditions. A new EGR system that uses a spiral flow to mix the fresh air and EGR gas has been developed to obtain a uniform EGR distribution. As a result of adopting this system, a uniform EGR distribution is obtained regardless of the engine operating conditions. This spiral flow EGR system was applied to a low-emission vehicle (LEV) put on the Japanese market.
Effects of bacterial endotoxin applied to the guinea pig cochlea (1992)

The ototoxic potential of bacterial endotoxin present in middle ear effusions was evaluated by inoculating endotoxin solutions of 10 micrograms/mL or 1000 micrograms/mL directly into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea. Median auditory brainstem response threshold shifts of 12.5 and 20 dB were observed in the experimental ears exposed to the higher dose at days 2 and 4, respectively, with gradual improvement to near baseline by day 28. Histologic examination revealed inflammatory infiltrates in the scala tympani and scala vestibuli of several of these cochleas. The lower concentration, closer to that found in human effusions, elicited no significant loss of hearing and a milder inflammatory response. It is concluded that brief exposure of the cochlea to endotoxin from middle ear effusions is insufficient to cause hearing loss. Under chronic conditions, however, persistent inflammation within the cochlea may result in a sensorineural deficit.
Altered Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis (2010)

Salivary redox homeostasis is perturbed in patients with SSc and may inform on the pathophysiology and presence of the disease (biomarkers) and efficacy of therapeutic interventions.