gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical and experimental analysis of forced convection in rib‐roughened channels with moisture‐permeable walls (2019)

Abstract Ribbed features can promote mixing and improve convective heat and mass transfer in channels. This can be beneficial in certain exchangers, such as Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs), which employ moisture‐permeable membranes to transfer both latent and sensible heat. In this work, a computational fluid dynamics model with experimental validation was used to study angled rib mixing features in compact channels. Results show that, relative to a smooth channel, the ribs increase the channel Sherwood and Nusselt numbers by a larger fraction than the corresponding increase in friction factor. For a typical commercial grade ERV, total effectiveness can be improved by over 10% for an equal pressure drop by adding ribs and slightly increasing the channel height. A custom test stand and rib‐forming technique were developed to validate the simulation predictions. The experiments confirm the net benefit of ribbed channels and agree with the simulation results within experimental uncertainty.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Vulnerabilities of <i>PTEN</i>–<i>TP53</i>-Deficient Prostate Cancers to Compound PARP–PI3K Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 69095K, Supporting histology for the in vivo treatment of Olaparib and BKM120.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation by Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Salan Aluminium Ethyl Complexes and Their Application in Lactide Polymerization (2009)

Synthetic routes to aluminium ethyl complexes supported by chiral tetradentate phenoxyamine (salan-type) ligands [Al(OC(6)H(2)(R-6-R-4)CH(2))(2){CH(3)N(C(6)H(10))NCH(3)}-C(2)H(5)] (4, 7: R=H; 5, 8: R=Cl; 6, 9: R=CH(3)) are reported. Enantiomerically pure salan ligands 1-3 with (R,R) configurations at their cyclohexane rings afforded the complexes 4, 5, and 6 as mixtures of two diastereoisomers (a and b). Each diastereoisomer a was, as determined by X-ray analysis, monomeric with a five-coordinated aluminium central core in the solid state, adopting a cis-(O,O) and cis-(Me,Me) ligand geometry. From the results of variable-temperature (VT) (1)H NMR in the temperature range of 220-335 K, (1)H-(1)H NOESY at 220 K, and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), it is concluded that each diastereoisomer b is also monomeric with a five-coordinated aluminium central core. The geometry is intermediate between square pyramidal with a cis-(O,O), trans-(Me,Me) ligand disposition and trigonal bipyramidal with a trans-(O,O) and trans-(Me,Me) disposition. A slow exchange between these two geometries at 220 K was indicated by (1)H-(1)H NOESY NMR. In the presence of propan-2-ol as an initiator, enantiomerically pure (R,R) complexes 4-6 and their racemic mixtures 7-9 were efficient catalysts in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide (LA). Polylactide materials ranging from isotactically biased (P(m) up to 0.66) to medium heterotactic (P(r) up to 0.73) were obtained from rac-lactide, and syndiotactically biased polylactide (P(r) up to 0.70) from meso-lactide. Kinetic studies revealed that the polymerization of (S,S)-LA in the presence of 4/propan-2-ol had a much higher polymerization rate than (R,R)-LA polymerization (k(SS)/k(RR)=10.1).
Prospects for large-format IR astronomy FPAs using MBE-grown HgCdTe detectors with cutoff wavelength > 4 μm (1998)

Rockwell Science Center has developed a double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) detector array fabrication process with significant advantages over the PACE-1 process now being used to produce 256 X 256 and 1024 X 1024 FPAs for low background IR astronomy. The DLPH detectors are p- on-n photodiodes fabricated in a double layer of wide and narrow bandgap HgCdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy on CdZnTe substrates. The double layer structure provides superior surface passivation while the lattice matched CdZnTe substrate reduces the defect density. DLPH FPAs have been fabricated in array sizes up to 640 X 480 and with cutoff wavelengths as long as 15 micrometers . Quantum efficiencies are typically in the 0.5 to 0.8 range. For a 256 X 256 array DLPH detectors with 5.3 micrometers cutoff wavelength at 50K, the median dark current was 0.39 e-/sec at 0.5V reverse bias. For 7 of 17 individual DLPH detector with 10.6 micrometers cutoff at 30K, the dark current was less than 10<SUP>4</SUP> e-/sec at 20 mV bias. For long cutoff wavelengths, the detector breakdown voltage is too low to permit signal integration directly on the reverse biased detector capacitance. Such detectors require a readout circuit that maintains the detector near zero bias and provides a separate capacitor to store the integrated signal.
Laser‐induced Modifiable Dual‐wavelength Emissions from Lead Halide Perovskite Alloy Microcrystal (2022)

Abstract Due to the tunable bandgaps, high quantum efficiency, and long carrier diffusion length, perovskites have attracted significant attention as active materials for solar cells, nanoscale lasers, photodetectors, and light‐emitting diodes. Herein, laser‐induced dual‐wavelength emissions from the CsPbBr 3x I 3(1–x) perovskite alloy microcrystals are reported. Under a 375 nm laser illumination, the micro‐photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of these microcrystals exhibit two emission bands at 570 and 690 nm with gradually increased and decreased PL intensity, respectively. Moreover, the time‐dependent emission wavelength of the two emission bands almost has no changes, while the PL intensity of both emission bands shows periodic fluctuations with the on–off switching of excitation light. This dual‐wavelength emission phenomenon suggests that phase segregation occurs in these perovskite microcrystals during laser illumination. These results would provide valuable design guidelines for perovskites‐based tunable nanophotonic devices and multi‐color displays.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Assignment of the C21—C38 Portion of the Desertomycin/Oasomycin Class of Natural Products by Using Universal NMR Databases: Prediction. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fibre optic link devices for thermonuclear fusion reactor environments (1999)

this paper, we summarise recent results obtained on different fibre-optic link devices, including special types of optical fibres, edge-emitting and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs), LEDs, photodiodes and fibre Bragg gratings. These elements were submitted to various radiation conditions, up to total doses of 15 MGy. We describe the evolution of their basic characteristics with radiation dose and shortly explain the observed phenomena. We refer to the literature for more detailed information
Der f 35: An MD‐2‐like house dust mite allergen that cross‐reacts with Der f 2 and Pso o 2 (2017)

Der f 35 is a candidate major allergen from D. farinae, which is more similar to group 2 allergens from sheep scab mite and storage mites. Der f 35 could be responsible for the cross-reactivity among group 2 mite allergens.
Species-Specific Differences in Mouse and Human Airway Epithelial Biology of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction (2005)

Differences in airway epithelial biology between mice and humans have presented challenges to evaluating gene therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF) using murine models. In this context, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) type 2 and rAAV5 vectors have very different transduction efficiencies in human air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelia (rAAV2 approximately = rAAV5) as compared with mouse lung (rAAV5 >> rAAV2). It is unclear if these differences are due to species-specific airway biology or limitations of ALI cultures to reproduce in vivo airway biology. To this end, we compared rAAV2 and rAAV5 transduction biology in mouse and human ALI cultures, and investigated the utility of murine deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ALI epithelia to study CFTR complementation. Our results demonstrate that mouse ALI epithelia retain in vivo preferences for rAAV serotype transduction from the apical membrane (rAAV5 >> rAAV2) not seen in human epithelia (rAAV2 approximately = rAAV5). Viral binding of rAAV2 and rAAV5 to the apical surface of mouse ALI airway epithelia was not significantly different, and proteasome-modulating agents significantly enhanced rAAV2 transduction to a level equivalent to that of rAAV5 in the presence of these agents, suggesting that the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway represents a more significant intracellular block for rAAV2 transduction of mouse airway epithelia. Interestingly, cAMP-inducible chloride currents were enhanced in deltaF508CFTR mouse ALI cultures, making this model incompatible with CFTR complementation studies. These studies emphasize species-specific differences in airway biology between mice and humans that significantly influence the use of mice as surrogate models for rAAV transduction and gene therapy for CF.
A general method for the synthesis of polymeric binary flurides exemplified by AgF3, NiF4, RuF4, and OsF4 (1989)

Fluride-ion capture from their anion relatives in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution by strong fluoride ion acceptors such as AsF5 provides a general approach to the synthesis of polymeric binary fluorides and is particularly advantageous in the synthesis of highest-oxidation-state transition metal polymeric fluorides.
Proactive Medicine (2014)

This article discusses the benefits of integrating point-of-care diagnostic ultrasound into the four-year medical school curriculum. Handheld ultrasound devices have been used to teach medical students at the University of California (UC), Irvine, since August 2010, and the article explains how the use of this inexpensive, safe, and noninvasive tool enhances the ability of a physician conducting a standard physical exam to confirm suspected findings and uncover other suspected pathology at a reasonable cost. The authors describe the ultrasound curriculum at UC Irvine and the process of its implementation. In the appendix to the article, the authors describe the specific diagnostic benefits of using a handheld ultrasound device for each element of the Stanford 25 physical exam. Their ultrasound-enhanced approach to the physical exam is referred to as the "UCI 30." They make recommendations for how and when to integrate ultrasound into the physical exam. The article points out that early training of medical students in the use of ultrasound can avoid the diagnostic problems of ultrasound by maximizing students' comfort and ability to obtain accurate ultrasound images for diagnostic and procedural purposes.
Microneedle fabrication using the plane pattern to cross-section transfer method (2006)

In this paper, microneedle fabrication using the PCT (plane pattern to cross-section transfer) method is summarized. Three types of microneedle array have been developed: the single-tip, quadruplet, and hollow microneedle arrays. A brief introduction to the fabrication process using PCT and detailed design concepts for optimizing the fabrication steps for shape improvement of the three types of microneedle are provided. The microneedle structures have controllable angled sidewalls, exhibiting an extraordinarily geometrical level of accuracy compared to what is achieved using other existing fabrication methods based on deep x-ray lithography by synchrotron radiation. Furthermore, the improvements reported in this work as compared to the results from the existing methods are: sharper tips for the single-tip microneedles, strength improvement for the quadruplet microneedles, and cost reduction for the hollow microneedles. Each type of microneedle was designed to serve a different biomedical need.
Edge Protection of Temporarily Bonded Wafers during Backgrinding (2009)

Edge chipping during backgrinding is one of the main challenges of processing temporarily bonded wafers. The edge chipping may propagate during subsequent process steps and eventually result in yield loss. We conducted a study to compare different methodologies for wafer edge protection during backgrinding, including using pre-thinned carrier wafers, large carrier wafers, edge-trimmed device wafers, and material edge modification. This paper will introduce the metrology developed to quantify edge chipping and compare the results from different protection methods.
Aspect Ratio Plays a Role in the Hazard Potential of CeO2 Nanoparticles in Mouse Lung and Zebrafish Gastrointestinal Tract (2014)

We have previously demonstrated that there is a relationship between the aspect ratio (AR) of CeO2 nanoparticles and in vitro hazard potential. CeO2 nanorods with AR ≥ 22 induced lysosomal damage and progressive effects on IL-1β production and cytotoxicity in the human myeloid cell line, THP-1. In order to determine whether this toxicological paradigm for long aspect ratio (LAR) CeO2 is also relevant in vivo, we performed comparative studies in the mouse lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of zebrafish larvae. Although oropharyngeal aspiration could induce acute lung inflammation for CeO2 nanospheres and nanorods, only the nanorods with the highest AR (C5) induced significant IL-1β and TGF-β1 production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 21 days but did not induce pulmonary fibrosis. However, after a longer duration (44 days) exposure to 4 mg/kg of the C5 nanorods, more collagen production was seen with CeO2 nanorods vs nanospheres after correcting for Ce lung burden. Using an oral-exposure model in zebrafish larvae, we demonstrated that C5 nanorods also induced significant growth inhibition, a decrease in body weight, and delayed vertebral calcification. In contrast, CeO2 nanospheres and shorter nanorods had no effect. Histological and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the key injury mechanism of C5 was in the epithelial lining of the GIT, which demonstrated blunted microvilli and compromised digestive function. All considered, these data demonstrate that, similar to cellular studies, LAR CeO2 nanorods exhibit more toxicity in the lung and GIT, which could be relevant to inhalation and environmental hazard potential.
Peer Instruction: Ten years of experience and results (2001)

We report data from ten years of teaching with Peer Instruction (PI) in the calculus- and algebra-based introductory physics courses for nonmajors; our results indicate increased student mastery of both conceptual reasoning and quantitative problem solving upon implementing PI. We also discuss ways we have improved our implementation of PI since introducing it in 1991. Most notably, we have replaced in-class reading quizzes with pre-class written responses to the reading, introduced a research-based mechanics textbook for portions of the course, and incorporated cooperative learning into the discussion sections as well as the lectures. These improvements are intended to help students learn more from pre-class reading and to increase student engagement in the discussion sections, and are accompanied by further increases in student understanding.
Experiences in building and scaling an enterprise application on multicore systems (2011)

SUMMARY Even though Java is the de facto programming language for enterprise applications, there exist only a limited number of Java‐based benchmarks to understand the performance on emerging multicore systems. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a report generation benchmark that is developed on top of Open Source Apache Geronimo's DayTrader benchmark. Report generation and rendering is at the heart of many enterprise business analytics and business intelligence software products, and it is used by many enterprise applications. We evaluate the performance scalability of this benchmark on a state‐of‐the‐art Power7 multicore system with 8 Power7 cores and 32 hardware threads. The benchmark throughput scales linearly up to eight hardware threads, but beyond that point, the throughput falls sharply. Significant locking in the Java class libraries for non‐shared objects results in this performance drop. Splitting the locks on these shared classes results in near linear scaling from eight to 32 threads and improved the throughput by 80%. We also show that the Linux operating system load balancing could result in a degraded application performance in hardware multithreaded systems and simultaneous‐multithreads‐aware task scheduling results in uniform core‐resource utilization as well as improved application performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
P2A-4 A Non-Linear Model Coupling the Ultrasound PulseEcho Procedure and Contrast Agent Excitation and Backscatter: Validation Studies in Water (2006)

By employing microbubbles to enhance ultrasound backscatter, we have recently developed a technique, termed echo particle image velocimetry (Echo PIV), to perform accurate measurements of velocity profiles, multiple velocity vectors and local shear stress in arteries. Maximizing bubble detectability from the surrounding environment is a key issue for Echo PIV, and significant optimization of all aspects from transducer design to bubble characteristics to backscatter signal processing is required for continued improvement of this technique. We present here a numerical model coupling the time-domain FEA simulation of a 1D ultrasonic transducer array and non-linear ultrasound propagation in water with the solution for non-linear equations describing backscatter from bubble populations with varying size distributions to simulate the ultrasound pulse-echo procedure and contrast agent excitation. Experimental validation for the FEA models of the transducer array and wave propagation in water was performed according to industry standards. The backscatter from micron- and sub-micron bubble populations (size range: 0.5-5 microns) was simulated by a previously-validated size-integration (SI) method. The coupled model also showed greater ability of the triangular wave to excite subharmonic and ultraharmonic frequency content in bubbles, while minimizing the possibility of bubble rupture. It should be useful as an efficient tool for array transducer simulations in the context of contrast imaging
High-resolution imaging of protein secretion at the single-cell level using plasmon-enhanced FluoroDOT assay (2022)

Secreted proteins mediate essential physiological processes. With conventional assays, it is challenging to map the spatial distribution of proteins secreted by single cells, to study cell-to-cell heterogeneity in secretion, or to detect proteins of low abundance or incipient secretion. Here, we introduce the "FluoroDOT assay," which uses an ultrabright nanoparticle plasmonic-fluor that enables high-resolution imaging of protein secretion. We find that plasmonic-fluors are 16,000-fold brighter, with nearly 30-fold higher signal-to-noise compared with conventional fluorescence labels. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging of different secreted cytokines in the single-plexed and spectrally multiplexed FluoroDOT assay that revealed cellular heterogeneity in secretion of multiple proteins simultaneously. Using diverse biochemical stimuli, including <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection, and a variety of immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and DC-T cell co-culture, we demonstrate that the assay is versatile, facile, and widely adaptable for enhancing biological understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of single-cell secretome.
Deep Optical Coding Design in Computational Imaging (2022)

Computational optical imaging (COI) systems leverage optical coding elements (CE) in their setups to encode a high-dimensional scene in a single or multiple snapshots and decode it by using computational algorithms. The performance of COI systems highly depends on the design of its main components: the CE pattern and the computational method used to perform a given task. Conventional approaches rely on random patterns or analytical designs to set the distribution of the CE. However, the available data and algorithm capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs) have opened a new horizon in CE data-driven designs that jointly consider the optical encoder and computational decoder. Specifically, by modeling the COI measurements through a fully differentiable image formation model that considers the physics-based propagation of light and its interaction with the CEs, the parameters that define the CE and the computational decoder can be optimized in an end-to-end (E2E) manner. Moreover, by optimizing just CEs in the same framework, inference tasks can be performed from pure optics. This work surveys the recent advances on CE data-driven design and provides guidelines on how to parametrize different optical elements to include them in the E2E framework. Since the E2E framework can handle different inference applications by changing the loss function and the DNN, we present low-level tasks such as spectral imaging reconstruction or high-level tasks such as pose estimation with privacy preserving enhanced by using optimal task-based optical architectures. Finally, we illustrate classification and 3D object recognition applications performed at the speed of the light using all-optics DNN.
Cooperative effect of cobalt and zeolite in controlling activity and stability of a catalytic Fischer–Tropsch process (2020)

Abstract The use of zeolites in Co-catalysts of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) results in cooperative effect in the form of sudden increase of the zeolite activity in catalysing secondary transformations of FTS-generated hydrocarbons at unusually low temperatures in the range of 170–260 °C. In addition, hydrophobic zeolites in H-form allow changing the hydrophobicity of the pore walls and influence capillary condensation phenomena for intermediate species. The most unexpected effect of Co and hydrophobic zeolites is the improvement of degradation behaviour of the catalysts due to involvement of FTS-generated water into formation of additional Bronsted centres thus preventing undesirable oxidation of heat-conductive metal additives and other water-induced degradation processes. In addition, the stability of catalyst behaviour and its lifetime increase.
Chicken Collagen Hydrolysate Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in C57BL/6.KOR-ApoEshl Mice (2010)

Effects of chicken collagen hydrolysate (CCH) on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient C57BL/6.KOR-ApoE(shl) mice were investigated in this paper. The mice were fed on either a normal CE-2 diet (control group) or a diet containing 10% CCH (CCH group) for 12 wk. Compared with that of the control, the amount of total plasma cholesterol, total hepatic cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides in the CCH group was reduced by 14.4, 24.7 and 42.8%, respectively. Histological analysis results showed that the abundance of diffuse hepatic lipid droplets and fat vacuoles was decreased in the CCH group. Meanwhile, the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in the CCH group plasma, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), was downregulated by 43.4, 17.9 and 24.1%, respectively. The present results suggested that CCH treatment might help prevent atherosclerosis through not only its lipid-lowering effects but also inhibiting expression of inflammatory cytokines.