gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEG‐Biscyanoacrylate Crosslinker for Octyl Cyanoacrylate Bioadhesive (2015)

PEG400 (polyethylene glycol, M W 400) biscyanoacrylate is synthesized and copolymerized with 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate for potential use as bioadhesive. PEG400 biscyanoacrylate is synthesized from the esterification of anthracenyl cyanoacrylic acid where the anthracene unit serves as vinyl‐protecting group. Copolymerization increases the plasticity, mechanical strength, and resilience of the resulted polymer as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Peeling test confirms its superior bioadhesive properties. Surface morphology is characterized by SEM imaging. The formulations are cytocompatible and safe. This cyanoacrylate composition may provide improved bioadhesive cyanoacrylates. image
Particle agglomeration in sheared fluids (2014)

Orthokinetic agglomeration is a candidate mechanism for selectively increasing proppant size in large fractures during subsurface flow. The rate of agglomeration shows a maximum at shear rates of 275 s−1 suggesting that the ability to selectively grow particles depends on the hydrodynamics. Growth rates are shown to increase with increasing ion availability per unit surface area. The availability of solution ions and the average shear rates are the key parameters determining agglomeration. Precipitated species act as bridging “glue” between particles. Reduced growth rates are found for higher particle concentrations and also for larger particle size. This result has possible applications for shear-selective mechanical blocking which can be applied to solve the problem of high conductivity paths in fractured reservoirs for both traditional oil recovery as well as geothermal heat mining from fractured basement.
Photochemically Controlled Supramolecular Curdlan/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Gel: Preparation of Molecular Distaff by Cyclodextrin Modified Curdlan and Phase Transition Control (2011)

Abstract We propose a single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composite with a molecular recognition property, which is prepared by mixing α‐cyclodextrin‐modified curdlan (CD‐CUR) with SWNTs in water. The visible/near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectrum of the CD‐CUR/SWNT composite exhibits characteristic absorption bands corresponding to the band‐gap transitions for van Hove singularities of metallic and semiconductor carbon nanotubes. The structure of the CD‐CUR/SWNT composites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The TEM and AFM images show that the CD‐CUR/SWNT composite exhibits dispersed fibers with a narrow fiber diameter distribution, which suggests that CD‐CUR helically wraps around SWNTs to form one‐dimensional superstructural composites. Because we hypothesized that the CD‐CUR/SWNT composite possesses a molecular recognition property, we attempted to create supramolecular hydrogels containing SWNTs by using a CD‐CUR/SWNT composite and a guest polymer (pAC 12 Azo) with an azobenzene guest pendant. The CD‐CUR/SWNT composite selectively forms supramolecular hydrogels with pAC 12 Azo. UV irradiation ( λ = 365 nm) of the supramolecular hydrogel decreases the viscosity upon isomerization of the trans ‐azo group to give the sol. In contrast, irradiation with visible light at λ = 430 nm (or heating) of the sol state recovers the viscosity to restore the hydrogel within 2 min, indicating that irradiation affects the association and dissociation between the α‐CD unit and the azobenzene unit during phase transition. In summary, we demonstrate the formation of a CD‐CUR/SWNT composite and a photoresponsive sol–gel supramolecular SWNT hydrogel.
On the feasibility of synthesizing CAD software from specifications: generating maze router tools in ELF (1991)

The application of program synthesis techniques to the generation of technology-sensitive VLSI physical design tools is described. The architecture and implementation of a particular software generator (called ELF) targeted at the generation of maze routing software is described. ELF strives to meet the demands of the target technology by automatically generating maze router implementations to match the application requirements. ELF has three key features. First, a very high level language, lacking data structure implementation specifications, is used to describe algorithm design styles. Second, application-specific expertise about routing and application independent code synthesis techniques are used to guide search among alternative design styles for algorithms and data structures. Third, code generation is used to transform the resulting abstract descriptions of selected algorithms and data structures into final, executable code. Code generation is an incremental, stepwise refinement process. Experimental results are presented covering several correct. fully functional routers synthesized by ELF from varying high-level specifications. Results from synthetic and industrial benchmarks are examined to illustrate ELF's capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An adaptive round robin scheduler for head-of-line-blocking problem in wireless LANs (2005)

Unlike wired networks, wireless networks are characterized by channel errors. In wireless LANs (WLANs), link-layer ARQ can be used for error recovery. However, this technique assumes packet losses are due to packet collisions. With FIFO queuing at the access point (AP), ARQ may give rise to a "head-of-line (HOL) blocking" phenomenon that severely degrades the throughput performance. We study a simple adaptive round robin (ARR) scheduler at the LLC (logical link control) layer as a solution to the HOL blocking problem. Salient features of ARR include: 1) an explicit estimate of the channel state is not required; 2) compatibility with the existing IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol; 3) ability to achieve near-optimal throughput; 4) flexibility for meeting various throughput-fairness objectives. Besides extensive simulations, we also give the analytical upper and lower bounds for WLAN throughput with ARR. Our analysis closely matches the simulation results.
Photon-directed Multiplexed Enzymatic DNA Synthesis for Molecular Digital Data Storage (2020)

New storage technologies are needed to keep up with the global demands of data generation. DNA is an ideal storage medium due to its stability, information density and ease of readout with advanced sequencing techniques. However, progress in writing DNA is stifled by the continued reliance on chemical synthesis methods. The enzymatic synthesis of DNA is a promising alternative, but thus far has not been well demonstrated in a highly parallelized manner. Here, we report a novel multiplexed enzymatic DNA synthesis method using maskless photolithography. Rapid uncaging of Co 2+ ions by patterned UV light activates Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) for spatially-selective synthesis on an array surface. Spontaneous quenching of reactions by the diffusion of excess caging molecules confines synthesis to light patterns and controls the extension length. We show that our multiplexed synthesis method can be used to store digital data by encoding 12 unique DNA oligonucleotide sequences with music from the 1985 Nintendo video game Super Mario Brothers™, which is equivalent to 84 trits or 110 bits of data.
Direct-Write Spray Coating of a Full-Duplex Antenna for E-Textile Applications (2020)

Recent advancements in printing technologies have greatly improved the fabrication efficiency of flexible and wearable electronics. Electronic textiles (E-textiles) garner particular interest because of their innate and desirable properties (i.e., conformability, breathability, fabric hand), which make them the ideal platform for creating wireless body area networks (WBANs) for wearable healthcare applications. However, current WBANs are limited in use due to a lack of flexible antennas that can provide effective wireless communication and data transfer. In this work, we detail a novel fabrication process for flexible textile-based multifunctional antennas with enhanced dielectric properties. Our fabrication process relies on direct-write printing of a dielectric ink consisting of ultraviolet (UV)-curable acrylates and urethane as well as 4 wt.% 200 nm barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles to enhance the dielectric properties of the naturally porous textile architecture. By controlling the spray-coating process parameters of BT dielectric ink on knit fabrics, the dielectric constant is enhanced from 1.43 to 1.61, while preserving the flexibility and air permeability of the fabric. The novel combination textile substrate shows great flexibility, as only 2 N is required for a 30 mm deformation. The final textile antenna is multifunctional in the sense that it is capable of operating in a full-duplex mode while presenting a relatively high gain of 9.12 dB at 2.3 GHz and a bandwidth of 79 MHz (2.260-2.339 GHz) for each port. Our proposed manufacturing process shows the potential to simplify the assembly of traditionally complex E-textile systems.
Immunomodulatory effect of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Family Malvaceae) in a mouse model (2008)

The immunomodulatory activity of water and alcohol extracts (including its fractions) of the dried calyx of the plant was evaluated in mice. The ability of the extracts to inhibit or enhance the production of two cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), respectively, implicated as proinflammatory and antiinflammatory interleukins were also evaluated. The extracts at doses of 50 mg/kg were found to possess higher immunostimulatory activities in comparison with levamisole (positive control), with significant effects when compared with the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.01). Increased activity was observed with increase in doses of the 50% ethanol and absolute ethanol extracts. The insoluble fraction exhibited a significant dose-dependent immunostimulatory activity (p < 0.05), while the residual water-soluble fraction exhibited activity at 100 mg/kg body weight. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), was low in all the extract groups tested, while the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was high compared with the control. The production of IL-10 was high in 300 mg/kg aqueous extract. The insoluble fraction exhibited a profound dose-dependent immunostimulatory activity higher than the positive control at 100 mg/kg. This study established the immunoenhancing properties of the extracts of this plant confirming that the immunomodulatory activity is cell mediated and humoral. The insoluble fraction could find use as an immunostimulatory agent in humans.
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin (2014)

A yearlong study was performed to examine the effect of antibiotic administration on the bacterial gut flora. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the feces of healthy adult volunteers administered amoxicillin, minocycline or placebo, and changes determined in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage. Seventy percent of the 1039 facultative anaerobic isolates recovered were identified by MALDI-TOF as Escherichia coli. A microarray used to determine virulence and resistance gene carriage demonstrated that AMR genes were widespread in all administration groups, with the most common resistance genes being bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B). Following amoxicillin administration, an increase in the proportion of amoxicillin resistant E. coli and a three-fold increase in the levels of bla TEM gene carriage was observed, an effect not observed in the other two treatment groups. Detection of virulence genes, including stx1A, indicated not all E. coli were innocuous commensals. Approximately 150 E. coli collected from 6 participants were selected for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a subset used for characterisation of plasmids and Phenotypic Microarrays (PM). PFGE indicated some E. coli clones had persisted in volunteers for up to 1 year, while others were transient. Although there were no unique characteristics associated with plasmids from persistent or transient isolates, PM assays showed transient isolates had greater adaptability to a range of antiseptic biocides and tetracycline; characteristics which were lost in some, but not all persistent isolates. This study indicates healthy individuals carry bacteria harboring resistance to a variety of antibiotics and biocides in their intestinal tract. Antibiotic administration can have a temporary effect of selecting bacteria, showing co-resistance to multiple antibiotics, some of which can persist within the gut for up to 1 year.
Conformal Polymeric Multilayer Coatings on Sulfur Cathodes via the Layer-by-Layer Deposition for High Capacity Retention in Li–S Batteries (2016)

We report on the conformal coating of thickness-tunable multilayers directly onto the sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) cathodes by the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition for the significant improvement in the performances of Li-S batteries even without key additives (LiNO<sub>3</sub>) in the electrolyte. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) multilayers on a single poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/PAA priming bilayer, deposited on the S<sub>8</sub> cathodes, effectively protected from the polysulfide leakage, while providing a Li<sup>+</sup> ion diffusion channel. As a result, PAH/PAA/(PEO/PAA)<sub>3</sub> multilayer-coated cathodes exhibited the highest capacity retention (806 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>) after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, as well as the high C-rate capability up to 2.0 C. Furthermore, the multilayer coating effectively mitigated the polysulfide shuttle effect in the absent of LiNO<sub>3</sub> additives in the electrolyte.
Single Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia (2005)

The sensitivities of a single immunochemical FOBT for detecting colorectal cancers and adenomas in screenees were 25.0 and 2.4%, respectively. The sensitivities of FOBT were about 80% for Dukes B or C colorectal cancers and 63.4% for Dukes A.
Processing of the betaamyloid precursor protein in ex vivo human brain cells (1999)

We studied distribution and processing of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) in immediately ex vivo human brain cells obtained during neurosurgical procedures. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry studies revealed that brain cells supported betaAPP as a transmembrane holoprotein. Brain cells in short-term suspension culture were competent to process betaAPP into Abeta as shown by [35S]methionine pulse-chase studies. Brain cell Abeta was immunoprecipitated as SDS-stable dimers and higher-order multimers. Cleavage of cell surface betaAPP with trypsin prior to metabolic labeling reduced cellular Abeta by approximately 50%. We conclude that plasmalemmal betaAPP in human brain cells is a source of cellular Abeta, presumably via endosomal-lysosomal processing.
Land cover change detection (2008)

The study of land cover change is an important problem in the Earth Science domain because of its impacts on local climate, radiation balance, biogeochemistry, hydrology, and the diversity and abundance of terrestrial species. Most well-known change detection techniques from statistics, signal processing and control theory are not well-suited for the massive high-dimensional spatio-temporal data sets from Earth Science due to limitations such as high computational complexity and the inability to take advantage of seasonality and spatio-temporal autocorrelation inherent in Earth Science data. In our work, we seek to address these challenges with new change detection techniques that are based on data mining approaches. Specifically, in this paper we have performed a case study for a new change detection technique for the land cover change detection problem. We study land cover change in the state of California, focusing on the San Francisco Bay Area and perform an extended study on the entire state. We also perform a comparative evaluation on forests in the entire state. These results demonstrate the utility of data mining techniques for the land cover change detection problem.
Fast pulse analysis of TiO<inf>2</inf> based RRAM nano-crossbar devices (2011)

Switchable metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures are the key elements for future non-volatile resistive RAM (RRAM) devices. Recently this type of memory device has attracted considerable interest due to the prospect of non-volatile data storage combined with low power consumption, excellent scalability and very fast write/read operation. However the physical processes responsible for the fast resistive switching are still under investigation. In this work we will present the replacement of the time consuming quasi-static current driven electroforming process by short voltage pulse induced electroforming. Furthermore resistive switching was measured with voltage pulses down to 5 ns pulse width with an in-situ recording of the current response. The high-frequency measurements provide a deeper insight into the physical background of fast data operation.
Ion and nano-particle measurement in ion-induced nucleation process (2000)

Ion-induced nucleation is the process leading supersaturated vapors to condense on ions and has become an attractive research subject to understand the gas-to-particle conversion process involving generation of ions and nanometer sized particles (nano-particles). In order to measure the mobility distribution of ions and nano-particles in the ion-induced nucleation process, the current aerosol measurement technology has been recently improved. The performance of these methods was confirmed by measuring the electrical mobility distribution of water ions generated by various methods. Ion-induced nucleation experiments using these improved aerosol measurement capabilities were performed for the following two cases: (1) condensation of supersaturated vapors onto monovalent and divalent ions of varying size, and (2) ion and nano-particle formation from SO2,NO2,H2O,NH3 and air mixture by ionizing irradiation. The results clearly show that ion-induced nucleation depends greatly on the sign of ion, ion size, type of vapor and supersaturation ratio.
Intelligent eye: A mobile application for assisting blind people (2018)

The Intelligent Eye android mobile application is presented in this paper. The application provides assistance to visually impaired people by providing a set of useful features: light detection, color detection, object recognition, and banknote recognition. It has a user friendly interface customized for blind people. These various features can be provided through a single device, which reduces costs and complexity, and increases the practicality of the application. The presented results show that the proposed application successfully achieves its aims by providing the desired features.
Multiscale Experimental Approach for Developing High-Performance Intumescent Coatings (2006)

The goal of this work is to combine small-scale screening tests permitting, during the laboratory research phase of a development, the optimization of intumescent mastic coatings formulated to protect steel in the case of hydrocarbon fire. This type of coating, applied on steel plates, beams, or columns, is usually evaluated in large industrial furnaces. Such experiments are, however, expensive and time-consuming. The use of such tests, if they are essential since they give a good simulation of a real fire, is a break for the development of new intumescent high-performance intumescent coatings. The original combination of small-scale laboratory tests, such as thermogravimetric analyses and rheological measurements, provides, through a rapid screening of a large number of formulations, a very interesting preliminary tool for the development of new intumescent coatings. A statistical approach involving principal component analysis has been successfully used to correlate the results of the industrial furnace tests with those from the laboratory-scale analyses.
Bombesin: A Potent Mitogen for Small Cell Lung Cancer (1988)

While advances in the diagnosis and staging of SCLC have been made over the past decade, overall therapeutic results remain essentially unchanged. However, during this time period there have been major advances in understanding the biology of this tumor cell type. The recognition of considerable heterogeneity among SCLC cells may be of prognostic importance, while the demonstration of specific growth factors, including bombesin, for this tumor type may open up new means for endocrine therapy of lung carcinoma in vivo. Over the next 5-10 yr, studies of clinical trials using specific antibodies or analogs of bombesin-like growth factors in patients with SCLC will define more clearly the role of BLI and GRP in patients with this disease.
Characterization of protein kinase C β isoform's action on retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation, and retinal neovascularization (2002)

Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of blindness and requires the activities of several signaling pathways and multiple cytokines. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) enhances the angiogenic process and is involved in the signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We have demonstrated a dramatic increase in the angiogenic response to oxygen-induced retinal ischemia in transgenic mice overexpressing PKC beta 2 isoform and a significant decrease in retinal neovascularization in PKC beta isoform null mice. The mitogenic action of VEGF, a potent hypoxia-induced angiogenic factor, was increased by 2-fold in retinal endothelial cells by the overexpression of PKC beta 1 or beta 2 isoforms and inhibited significantly by the overexpression of a dominant-negative PKC beta 2 isoform but not by the expression of PKC alpha, delta, and zeta isoforms. Association of PKC beta 2 isoform with retinoblastoma protein was discovered in retinal endothelial cells, and PKC beta 2 isoform increased retinoblastoma phosphorylation under basal and VEGF-stimulated conditions. The potential functional consequences of PKC beta-induced retinoblastoma phosphorylation could include enhanced E2 promoter binding factor transcriptional activity and increased VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation.
Human visual model-based color halftoning (2017)

Digital color halftoning is the process of transforming continuous-tone color images into images with a limited number of colors. This chapter deals with color halftoning algorithms that have embedded within them a detailed spatiochromatic model for the human visual system (HVS). It discusses the use of color hardcopy and HVS models only with dispersed-dot halftoning algorithms. The chapter explains the use of these models to design screens that produce clustered-dot periodic textures. The HVS is responsible for mapping the physical color halftone image to the percept of a continuous-tone color image. Between the digital color halftone image and the HVS lies the physical printing mechanism, including the colorant and media. In monochrome halftoning, the HVS models that have been incorporated into halftoning algorithms have been limited to linear shift-invariant filters based on the contrast sensitivity function of the human viewer.