gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Recognition of Planar Objects Based on Hashing of Keypoints - An Approach Towards Making the Physical World Clickable (2006)

This paper presents a method of planar object recognition for aiming at accessing information about objects by taking pictures of them. For this purpose efficiency of processing is the central issue because current state-of-the-art technologies with tree structures do not necessarily work well with a large amount of data represented as high dimensional vectors. To solve this problem, we employ hashing of keypoints extracted from images of objects. With the help of hash keys obtained as integers converted from the real valued vectors, keypoints are stored with object IDs and retrieved with no search process. Voting for object IDs is employed to determine a recognized object as the one with the largest vote. Experimental results show that the proposed method is at least 400 times faster than a brute-force method while 90% of objects were correctly recognized.
Blood Serum Antibody Analysis and Long-Term Follow-up of Patients Treated With Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in the Lumbar Spine (2011)

Formation of anti-BMP-2 antibodies was low and transient. No neutralizing antibodies were observed. Formation of antibodies did not affect fusion success or appear to have clinical sequelae.
Aluminum Nitride reconfigurable RF-MEMS front-ends (2011)

Aluminum Nitride based piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has the potential to develop a fully integrated radio frequency (RF) platform that satisfies the requirements of next-generation communication standards: reconfigurability, miniaturization, and low power consumption. Here we report on the recent developments of this AlN thin-film based technology, namely resonators, filters, oscillators and switches. These examples highlight how MEMS will enable the mass manufacturing of reconfigurable RF front-ends.
At home with surface computing? (2012)

This paper describes a field study of an interactive surface deployed in three family homes. The tabletop technology provides a central place where digital content, such as photos, can be easily archived, managed and viewed. The tabletop affords multi-touch input, allowing digital content to be sorted, triaged and interacted with using one or two-handed interactions. A physics-based simulation adds dynamics to digital content, providing users with rich ways of interacting that borrows from the real-world. The field study is one of the first of a surface computer within a domestic environment. Our goal is to uncover people's inter-actions, appropriations, perceptions and experiences with such technologies, exploring the potential barriers to use. Given these devices provide such a revolutionary shift in interaction, will people be able to engage with them in everyday life in the ways we intend? In answering this question, we hope to deepen our understanding of the design of such systems for home and consumer domains.
Motor drive system using nonlinear mathematical model for permanent magnet synchronous motors (2014)

We have developed a mathematical model for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The nonlinear characteristics of this model are expressed using a total of eight constants. The magnet flux characteristics of PMSMs can be obtained by using this simplified model. This model can also be transformed into a reverse function, and motor drive simulation including nonlinear characteristics can easily be implemented. Here, we present the simulation results using our nonlinear model. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the model by simulating estimates of rotor positions based on magnet flux nonlinear characteristics.
Molecular cloning of the mouse CCK gene: expression in different brain regions and during cortical development (1991)

In this paper we describe experiments that address specific issues concerning the regulation of the mouse cholecystokinin gene in brain and intestine. The mouse cholecystokinin gene was cloned and sequenced. Extensive homology among the mouse, man and rat genes was noted particularly in the three exons and the regions upstream of the RNA start site. RNAse protection assays for each of the three exons were used to demonstrate that CCK is expressed in only a subset of tissues and that the same cap site and splice choices are used in brain, intestine as well as in cerebellum, cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus. CCK RNA was also noted to be detectable in kidney. Thus the same gene using the same promoter is expressed in subsets of cells that differ in their biochemical, morphologic and functional characteristics. The level of expression of CCK was also monitored during mouse cortical development and the appearance of CCK RNA was compared to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), enkephalin and somatostatin. It was noted that each of these cortical markers was first expressed at different times during cortical development. The appearance of CCK RNA during intestinal development was also measured and found to precede appearance in cortex by several days.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylations of Ketoimines. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Substituted Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers by Zr-Catalyzed Additions of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Aryl-, Alkyl-, and Trifluoroalkyl-Substituted Ketoimines (2008)

Catalytic enantioselective alkylations of three classes of ketoimines are reported. Reactions are promoted in the presence 0.5-10 mol % of a Zr salt and a chiral ligand that contains two inexpensive amino acids (valine and phenylalanine) and involve Me2Zn or Et2Zn as alkylating agents. Requisite aryl- and alkyl-substituted alpha-ketoimine esters, accessed readily and in >80% yield on gram scale through a two-step sequence from the corresponding ketones, undergo alkylation to afford quaternary alpha-amino esters in 79-97% ee. Aryl-substituted trifluoroketoimines are converted to the corresponding amines by reactions with Me2Zn, catalyzed by a chiral complex that bears a modified N-terminus. The utility of the catalytic asymmetric protocols is illustrated through conversion of the enantiomerically enriched alkylation products to a range of cyclic and acyclic compounds bearing an N-substituted quaternary carbon stereogenic center.
Some light emission features of single bubble sonoluminescence (1993)

Bubbles created via electrolysis were allowed to rise though water in a quiet acoustic levitation vessel. The sound field was then activated, forcing several bubbles to converge and coalesce near a pressure antinode. Light emission measurements were then taken with a Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube and single photon counter as a state of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) evolved. The measurements reveal brief periods fluctuations in light emission intensity followed by long periods of stable (i.e., nonfluctuating) emission. The time scales for the fluctuations are on the order of half a second. Previous measurements of light emission have indicated that SBSL exhibits remarkably long-lived, stable behavior [Gaitan etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 3166 (1992); B. P. Barber and S. J. Putterman, Nature 352, 318 (1991)]. These measurements, however, imply a transient regime that the bubble must pass through while seeking a final position of stability. The highest light emission intensities are seen in the transient regime. These transient light emission should provide important information concerning the mechanisms through which SBSL develops its remarkable stability. Further, acoustic emissions from SBSL were observed to evolve from broadband to narrow-band noise during the transient period. These light emissions and acoustic emissions will be presented and possible correlation discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]
Efficient IIR filters for pulse-shaping and jitter free frequency error detection and timing recovery (2002)

Efficient IIR filter structures based on allpass subfilters have been presented earlier for Nyquist pulse shaping applications. We examine the properties of these filters and discuss how the special properties of this filter class can be utilized more generally in the front-end processing of digital receivers. We present an efficient receiver front-end architecture which combines with the receiver half-Nyquist filtering the special prefiltering required to achieve jitter-free performance in certain frequency-error detection and timing recovery schemes. It is shown that this filter class gives at least as good performance as standard raised-cosine filtering.
Spectrally Efficient DMT Operation With BER-Informed Dynamic Bit and Power Loading (2022)

This paper elucidates the relative benefits of bit loading and power loading for discrete multitone (DMT) modulation over wireline links. There is considerable variability in the use of bit and power loading in recent research on DMT for wireline applications. Here, we first compare different combinations of bit and power loading schemes in simulations. We propose a method for dynamically adjusting DMT bit and power profiles based on the bit error distribution across sub-channels, as determined by the receiver. We then present experimental results showing DMT operation at 75 Gb/s with a spectral efficiency of 2.5 b/sample over a channel with a smooth magnitude response exhibiting 26 dB attenuation at half the sampling rate and a loss of 33 dB at 1/4 the data rate (i.e., the Nyquist rate of a 4-level pulse-amplitude modulated link at the same data rate). The proposed dynamic bit and power allocation method reduces the bit error rate from 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , measured with 23,265,420 bits.
Organocatalytic Entry into 2,6-Disubstituted Aza-Achmatowicz Piperidinones: Application to (−)-Sedacryptine and Its Epimer (2014)

Enantiomerically pure 2,6-disubstituted piperidinones were synthesized from furfural involving an organocatalyzed Mannich reaction, aza-Achmatowicz reaction, and an N-acyliminium ion-mediated coupling step. This approach was also successfully applied to a total synthesis of (-)-sedacryptine and one of its epimers.
THE SAFETY PROFILE OF AZATHIOPRINE (AZA)/6-MERCAPTOPURINE (6-MP) IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD): A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN OLMSTED COUNTY, MINNESOTA (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: PDF Only
Retention of virulence following adaptation to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii reflects the mechanism of resistance (2015)

Acquisition of colistin resistance does not always lead to a loss of virulence, especially when this is linked to mutations in pmrB. This underlines the importance of understanding the mechanism of colistin resistance as well as the phenotype.
Micro through nanostructure investigations of polycrystalline CdTe: correlations with processing and electronic structures (2002)

This paper provides first-time correlations of the nanoscale physical structure with the macroscale electronic and optical properties of CdTe/CdS thin films for several standard deposition techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the micro and nanostructures of polycrystalline CdTe thin films used in photovoltaic (PV) cell fabrication. Photoluminescence (PL) was used to determine band gap, relative defect density, and photoexcited carrier lifetime. Nanostructural features (nanograins), beyond the spatial resolution of conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were observed and characterized in as-deposited CdTe. The correlations of the proximal probe measurements of the physical structure with the optically determined electronic properties were used to show the effects of the chemical and heat processing, directly and conclusively. A particularly striking effect with important implications for PV applications is the diffusion of sulfur across the CdTe/CdS interface during heat treatment.
Retinal safety of near-infrared lasers in cataract surgery (2012)

Femtosecond lasers have added unprecedented precision and reproducibility to cataract surgery. However, retinal safety limits for the near-infrared lasers employed in surgery are not well quantified. We determined retinal injury thresholds for scanning patterns while considering the effects of reduced blood perfusion from rising intraocular pressure and retinal protection from light scattering on bubbles and tissue fragments produced by laser cutting. We measured retinal damage thresholds of a stationary, 1030-nm, continuous-wave laser with 2.6-mm retinal spot size for 10- and 100-s exposures in rabbits to be 1.35 W (1.26 to 1.42) and 0.78 W (0.73 to 0.83), respectively, and 1.08 W (0.96 to 1.11) and 0.36 W (0.33 to 0.41) when retinal perfusion is blocked. These thresholds were input into a computational model of ocular heating to calculate damage threshold temperatures. By requiring the tissue temperature to remain below the damage threshold temperatures determined in stationary beam experiments, one can calculate conservative damage thresholds for cataract surgery patterns. Light scattering on microbubbles and tissue fragments decreased the transmitted power by 88% within a 12 deg angle, adding a significant margin for retinal safety. These results can be used for assessment of the maximum permissible exposure during laser cataract surgery under various assumptions of blood perfusion, treatment duration, and scanning patterns.
Conoscopic holography application: multipurpose rangefinders (1998)

We present a new technology within the scope of distance measurements. It is based upon a particularly rugged holography technique using incoherent light. Unlike the triangulation technique, it resorts to a wavefront reconstruction and thus a limited on-axis optical aperture. These probes enter fields from metres down to nanometres (3D microscopy). They can be conveniently coupled to optical scanners, video cameras, colorimeters, etc. They can access places which are unreachable using conventional techniques and can measure surfaces with up to an angle. Multipurpose rangefinders with a 1/4000 point precision are starting to be manufactured in series for in-line inspection and 3D digitzation.
Matching pursuit based decision-feedback equalizers (2002)

In this paper, equalization of channels with large delay spread but with few nonzero taps, such as those encountered in HDTV, are considered. Exploiting the sparse nature of the channel impulse response, we propose a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) which is based on a channel estimate obtained via a matching pursuit (MP) algorithm rather than the standard least squares (LS) channel estimate. It is shown that equalizers so designed result in a large performance gain. It is also shown that while truncation of the LS channel estimate to give a sparse channel estimate leads to some performance improvement, it falls well short of the MP-based DFE. In addition, an adaptive scheme which is intermediate in complexity between the LMS and RLS is presented for updating the sparse channel estimate in a time-varying environment. This adaptive algorithm outperforms the LMS.
Coalescence of immiscible polymer blends in chaotic mixers (2005)

Abstract The study evaluated if excellent mixing conditions prevailing in chaotic mixers also promote droplet coalescence in the mixing of immiscible polymers. A combined approach of experiments and simplified modeling was used to understand the effects of the degree of chaotic mixing, shear rate, and viscosity ratio on coalescence rates. It was found experimentally that the extent of coalescence was substantially reduced when the bulk of the fluid in the mixer experienced chaotic mixing. In addition, coalescence was subdued at higher rates of shear and for higher viscosity ratio droplets. Pseudo‐steady state droplet size distributions were reached faster with higher droplet volume fractions and for higher viscosity ratio droplets. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
A microdevice for rapid optical detection of magnetically captured rare blood pathogens (2013)

Sepsis diagnosis requires development of methods to identify rare pathogen cells in small samples of human blood. Magnetic beads functionalized with pathogen-binding ligands have been used to rapidly isolate microbes from blood; however, it is commonly difficult to optically detect the captured species because the excess numbers of beads required for pathogen binding physically interfere with light transmission after they have been concentrated. Here we describe a microdevice that uses microfluidics combined with optimized magnetic field concentrators and magnetic beads coated with a generic blood opsonin to efficiently capture unknown blood pathogens and spread them into a thin layer suitable for automated optical detection. Using this device, we have been able to detect fungal pathogens in less than three hours after sample collection compared to days with current technology, and with an extremely high sensitivity (<1 cell mL(-1) of human blood).
ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015–2018 data-taking (2020)

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider reads out particle collision data from over 100 million electronic channels at a rate of approximately 100 kHz, with a recording rate for physics events of approximately 1 kHz. Before being certified for physics analysis at computer centres worldwide, the data must be scrutinised to ensure they are clean from any hardware or software related issues that may compromise their integrity. Prompt identification of these issues permits fast action to investigate, correct and potentially prevent future such problems that could render the data unusable. This is achieved through the monitoring of detector-level quantities and reconstructed collision event characteristics at key stages of the data processing chain. This paper presents the monitoring and assessment procedures in place at ATLAS during 2015-2018 data-taking. Through the continuous improvement of operational procedures, ATLAS achieved a high data quality efficiency, with 95.6% of the recorded proton-proton collision data collected at s = 13 TeV certified for physics analysis.
Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild (1994)

The authors interpret historical evidence in light of a repeated-game model to conclude that merchant guilds emerged during the late medieval period to allow rulers of trade centers to commit to the security of alien merchants. The merchant guild developed the theoretically required attributes, secured merchants' property rights, and evolved in response to crises to extend the range of its effectiveness, contributing to the expansion of trade during the late medieval period. The authors elaborate on the relations between their theory and the monopoly theory of merchant guilds and contrast it with repeated-game theories that provide no role for formal organization. Copyright 1994 by University of Chicago Press.
Robust Recovery of Signals From a Structured Union of Subspaces (2008)

Traditional sampling theories consider the problem of reconstructing an unknown signal $x$ from a series of samples. A prevalent assumption which often guarantees recovery from the given measurements is that $x$ lies in a known subspace. Recently, there has been growing interest in nonlinear but structured signal models, in which $x$ lies in a union of subspaces. In this paper we develop a general framework for robust and efficient recovery of such signals from a given set of samples. More specifically, we treat the case in which $x$ lies in a sum of $k$ subspaces, chosen from a larger set of $m$ possibilities. The samples are modelled as inner products with an arbitrary set of sampling functions. To derive an efficient and robust recovery algorithm, we show that our problem can be formulated as that of recovering a block-sparse vector whose non-zero elements appear in fixed blocks. We then propose a mixed $\ell_2/\ell_1$ program for block sparse recovery. Our main result is an equivalence condition under which the proposed convex algorithm is guaranteed to recover the original signal. This result relies on the notion of block restricted isometry property (RIP), which is a generalization of the standard RIP used extensively in the context of compressed sensing. Based on RIP we also prove stability of our approach in the presence of noise and modelling errors. A special case of our framework is that of recovering multiple measurement vectors (MMV) that share a joint sparsity pattern. Adapting our results to this context leads to new MMV recovery methods as well as equivalence conditions under which the entire set can be determined efficiently.
Association of State Opioid Prescription Duration Limits With Changes in Opioid Prescribing for Medicare Beneficiaries (2021)

This cohort study uses Medicare Part D data to examine whether there is an association between the implementation of state limits on opioid prescription duration and changes in prescribing.
Clinical Results with the Ludloff Osteotomy for Correction of Adult Hallux Valgus (2004)

The use of the Ludloff oblique first metatarsal osteotomy resulted in excellent correction of the first intermetatarsal angle in patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus. With the plane of the osteotomy and rigidity of fixation, immediate ambulation was possible with minimal risk of dorsiflexion malunion of the first metatarsal.
Probing carbon isotope effects on the Raman spectra of graphene with different [superscript 13]C concentrations (2015)

A resonance Raman study of graphene samples with different [superscript 13]C isotopic concentrations and using different laser excitation energies is presented. The main Raman peaks (D, G, G[superscript *], and 2D) of graphene were measured and the dependence of their frequencies on the isotope atomic mass follows a simple harmonic oscillator relation. The G[superscript *] and 2D double-resonance peak positions were measured as a function of the laser energy, and we observed that the slopes of the laser energy dependence are the same independently of isotope concentration. This result shows that isotopic substitution does not alter the electron and phonon dispersions near the K point of the graphene Brillouin zone. From the linewidth of G and 2D Raman peaks, we have also obtained a dependence of the phonon lifetime on the [superscript 13]C isotope concentration.
UV detection properties of epitaxial 6H-SiC diodes with oxide ramp termination (2002)

The simple planar edge termination with oxide ramp at the periphery of the contact is extended to SiC pn junction diodes. This paper focuses on the study of the UV detection performances of 6H-SiC Schottky and junction barrier diodes with oxide ramp termination by numerical MEDICI simulation. The devices show a high responsivity and quantum efficiency in the spectral range from 250 to 350 nm up to 800 K. For transient photoresponse at a pulse light excitation we found that Schottky diodes are superior to pn diodes with the same parameters.