gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirements for scalable access control and security management architectures (2007)

Maximizing local autonomy by delegating functionality to end nodes when possible (the end-to-end design principle) has led to a scalable Internet. Scalability and the capacity for distributed control have unfortunately not extended well to resource access-control policies and mechanisms. Yet management of security is becoming an increasingly challenging problem in no small part due to scaling up of measures such as number of users, protocols, applications, network elements, topological constraints, and functionality expectations. In this article, we discuss scalability challenges for traditional access-control mechanisms at the architectural level and present a set of fundamental requirements for authorization services in large-scale networks. We show why existing mechanisms fail to meet these requirements and investigate the current design options for a scalable access-control architecture. We argue that the key design options to achieve scalability are the choice of the representation of access control policy, the distribution mechanism for policy, and the choice of the access-rights revocation scheme. Although these ideas have been considered in the past, current access-control systems in use continue to use simpler but restrictive architectural models. With this article, we hope to influence the design of future access-control systems towards more decentralized and scalable mechanisms.
Pre-Trained Models: Past, Present and Future (2021)

Large-scale pre-trained models (PTMs) such as BERT and GPT have recently achieved great success and become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Owing to sophisticated pre-training objectives and huge model parameters, large-scale PTMs can effectively capture knowledge from massive labeled and unlabeled data. By storing knowledge into huge parameters and fine-tuning on specific tasks, the rich knowledge implicitly encoded in huge parameters can benefit a variety of downstream tasks, which has been extensively demonstrated via experimental verification and empirical analysis. It is now the consensus of the AI community to adopt PTMs as backbone for downstream tasks rather than learning models from scratch. In this paper, we take a deep look into the history of pre-training, especially its special relation with transfer learning and self-supervised learning, to reveal the crucial position of PTMs in the AI development spectrum. Further, we comprehensively review the latest breakthroughs of PTMs. These breakthroughs are driven by the surge of computational power and the increasing availability of data, towards four important directions: designing effective architectures, utilizing rich contexts, improving computational efficiency, and conducting interpretation and theoretical analysis. Finally, we discuss a series of open problems and research directions of PTMs, and hope our view can inspire and advance the future study of PTMs.
Supplementary Table 3 from Mechanistic Contribution of Ubiquitous 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Expression Loss in Cancer Cells to Terminal Cell Differentiation Evasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42KB&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxygen Heterocycles via a Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐O Bond‐ Forming Reaction. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CLEAN TRACK solutions for defectivity and CD control towards 5 nm and smaller nodes (2020)

Although being progressively introduced to mass production, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography still faces major challenges for 5nm and smaller nodes due to the impact of stochastic and processing failures, resulting in very narrow defect process windows. <sup>1 </sup>These failures are strongly linked to critical dimension (CD) variations.<sup>2</sup> Therefore, careful control of CD is now directly linked to defect reduction in addition to more conventional in-film particles/developer residues reduction. Photoresist profiles are also believed to be one possible limiting factor and improvements via collapse control or increased resist mask thickness for etch transfer need to be considered. In this paper, most recent understandings regarding defect process window limitations and optimization of processes to further enable narrow pitch EUV lithography will be presented.
Single-wavelength functional photoacoustic microscopy in biological tissue (2011)

Recently, we developed a reflection-mode relaxation photoacoustic microscope, based on saturation intensity, to measure picosecond relaxation times using a nanosecond laser. Here, using the different relaxation times of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin molecules, both possessing extremely low fluorescence quantum yields, the oxygen saturation was quantified in vivo with single-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy. All previous functional photoacoustic microscopy measurements required imaging with multiple-laser-wavelength measurements to quantify oxygen saturation. Eliminating the need for multiwavelength measurements removes the influence of spectral properties on oxygenation calculations and improves the portability and cost-effectiveness of functional or molecular photoacoustic microscopy.
Abstract #LB-157: Exploratory analysis of gender and age aspects in a finished placebo-controlled randomized trial with the cancer vaccine IGN101 in 762 NSCLC patients in the adjuvant setting (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

IGN101 is a cancer vaccine acting via the Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) frequently expressed on epithelial cancers. It consists of 0.5 mg alum-adsorbed murine Mab 17-1A that bears EpCAM mimotopes to trigger an anti-EpCAM immune response by repeated s.c. injections (AACR 2007). In a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial 762 NSCLC pts stage Ib, II and IIIa following R0 resection were repeatedly vaccinated with placebo or IGN101, primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS), no other treatment was permitted. The study analysis revealed no difference in RFS between treatment groups. However, as result of a prospectively defined subgroup analysis, patients with neutrophil and lymphocyte counts at baseline below 5x10E9/L and 1,6x10E9/L resp. had significantly improved RFS when treated with IGN101. Vaccinations were very well tolerated, no systemic side effects were observed (ASCO 2008). Here we report recent exploratory analyses of this randomized NSCLC study regarding gender and age. 604 male and 158 female patients were enrolled into this study. For the whole study population (regardless of treatment with IGN101 or placebo), there was no difference in RFS between males and females, however, a significantly improved overall survival of female patients was observed (HR 0,735; p=0,03). When comparing IGN101 and placebo, there was no difference in RFS for male patients, however, interestingly in female patients treated with IGN101 a trend to improved RFS was seen (HR 0,758; p=0,23). For the whole study population, there was no difference in RFS between different age groups (33-56, 57-67, > 67). When comparing IGN101 and placebo, there was no difference in RFS in age groups 33-56 and 57-67. However, patients with an age > 67 (n=169) showed a trend to improved RFS when treated with IGN101 (HR 0,734; p=0,16). In summary, repeated vaccination of adjuvant NSCLC patients with the cancer vaccine IGN101 may have a positive impact on RFS in female patients and in older patients. IGN101 therefore may become a very well tolerated alternative to toxic chemotherapy regimens for patients who do not tolerate such a treatment. Additional properly designed studies to assess age and gender parameters are required to substantiate these results.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-157.
Monoclonal antibodies to an interferon-induced Mr 68,000 protein and their use for the detection of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in human cells. (1985)

Extracts from interferon-treated human cells show an enhanced level of a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activity that is manifested by the phosphorylation of an endogenous Mr 69,000-72,000 protein in its phosphate-saturated state. By using a highly purified protein kinase fraction from interferon-treated human Daudi cells, we can now describe the preparation of murine monoclonal antibodies directed against this phosphoprotein, the Mr of which in its native state is found to be 68,000. These monoclonal antibodies (class IgG1) can identify the electrophoresed protein (p68) in polyacrylamide gels by the electrophoretic transfer blotting technique. Immunoprecipitates formed after incubation of extracts from interferon-treated human cells with the monoclonal antibodies can be conveniently recovered by protein A-Sepharose. Such immune complex preparations have associated protein kinase activity--i.e., addition of [gamma-32P]ATP results in the phosphorylation of p68 and added substrates, calf thymus histone, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2. Immune complex preparations from [35S]methionine-labeled extracts show the specific immunoprecipitation of p68. In addition, several other [35S]methionine-labeled proteins are bound unspecifically in these immune complexes prepared under similar experimental conditions as for the assay of protein kinase activity. These unspecifically bound proteins can be washed out by using a buffer containing detergents or high concentrations of KCl and magnesium acetate. Immune complex preparations washed similarly with these buffers still retain p68 but lose their capacity to phosphorylate p68 or exogenous substrates. These results indicate that p68 by itself has no protein kinase activity. The induction of [35S]methionine-labeled p68 in Daudi cells occurs with as little as 1 unit of human alpha interferon, with maximal synthesis between 6 to 9 hr after the addition of interferon. Actinomycin D blocks this induction.
A Randomized Phase IIb Trial of myo -Inositol in Smokers with Bronchial Dysplasia (2016)

Previous preclinical studies and a phase I clinical trial suggested that myo-inositol may be a safe and effective lung cancer chemopreventive agent. We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study to determine the chemopreventive effects of myo-inositol in smokers with bronchial dysplasia. Smokers with ≥1 site of dysplasia identified by autofluorescence bronchoscopy-directed biopsy were randomly assigned to receive oral placebo or myo-inositol, 9 g once a day for 2 weeks, and then twice a day for 6 months. The primary endpoint was change in dysplasia rate after 6 months of intervention on a per-participant basis. Other trial endpoints reported herein include Ki-67 labeling index, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) levels of proinflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, and an airway epithelial gene expression signature for PI3K activity. Seventy-four (n = 38 myo-inositol and n = 36 placebo) participants with a baseline and 6-month bronchoscopy were included in all efficacy analyses. The complete response and the progressive disease rates were 26.3% versus 13.9% and 47.4% versus 33.3%, respectively, in the myo-inositol and placebo arms (P = 0.76). Compared with placebo, myo-inositol intervention significantly reduced IL6 levels in BAL over 6 months (P = 0.03). Among those with a complete response in the myo-inositol arm, there was a significant decrease in a gene expression signature reflective of PI3K activation within the cytologically normal bronchial airway epithelium (P = 0.002). The heterogeneous response to myo-inositol suggests a targeted therapy approach based on molecular alterations is needed in future clinical trials to determine the efficacy of myo-inositol as a chemopreventive agent. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 906-14. ©2016 AACR.
Visualization 1.mp4 (2017)

Movie showing light scattering from a straight 1.5 µm wide waveguide at 660 nm wavelength.
Off-Resonant Optical Excitation of Gold Nanorods: Nanoscale Imprint of Polarization Surface Charge Distribution (2010)

We report on the nanoscale optical characterization of gold nanorods irradiated out of their plasmonic resonance. Our approach is based on the reticulation of a photopolymerizable formulation locally triggered by enhanced electromagnetic fields. The tiny local field enhancement stems from the surface polarization charges associated with the electric field discontinuity at the metal/dielectric interface. This allows us to get a nanoscale signature of the spatial distribution of the surface charge density in metallic nanoparticles irradiated off-resonance.
Frequent Detection of Kaposi's Sarcoma—Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) DNA in Saliva of Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Men: Clinical and Immunologic Correlates (1997)

The prevalence, quantity, temporal pattern, and clinical and immunologic correlates of shedding of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; or human herpesvirus [HHV]-8) DNA in saliva were studied. KSHV DNA was detected in saliva from 18 (75%) of 24 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with KS and from 1 of 1 HIV-negative patient with KS, 3 (15%) of 20 HIV-positive patients without KS, and none of 24 controls. KSHV DNA levels ranged from 10(2.4) to 10(6) copies/mL and were lower than levels for Epstein-Barr virus but comparable to those for HHV-6. Detection of KSHV DNA in saliva was not associated with oral KS or decreased peripheral blood CD4 cell counts. KSHV DNA was not detected in semen. Resistance of KSHV DNA from saliva to DNase treatment was consistent with the presence of virions. These data suggest that KSHV can replicate in the oropharynx and that salivary contact could contribute to KSHV transmission.
Scaling trends of cosmic ray induced soft errors in static latches beyond 0.18 μ (2002)

This paper describes an experiment to characterize soft error rate of static latches for neutrons using a neutron beam, with measured soft error rates as a function of diffusion collection areas and supply voltages. The paper also quantifies the effectiveness of two promising hardening techniques and scaling trends.
Fluorophores Related to the Green Fluorescent Protein and Their Use in Optoelectronic Devices (2000)

Molecular analogues of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorophore have been designed by these authors (see Figure, X=NC4H9 or O). It is shown that by varying the donor and acceptor groups of the oxazolone (X=O) analogue the fluorescence emission can be tuned from blue to green to orange. The utility of these artificial fluorophores is explored by incorporating them into organic LEDs.
Detailed study of a 5V/1V, four stage switched capacitor converter suitable for integration (2005)

Operation of a 5V/lV Switched Capacitor DCDC converter suitable for integration in a 0.18pm CMOS technology is analysed in detail. Equations for non linear voltages across capacitors and output are derived using first principles lor steady state operation of 'the converter. The behaviour of the converter during the switching transition periods, which has previously been neglected, can have a significant impact on performance in high frequency operation is included. The operation of the converter was simulated in PSPICE and results are compared with the analytical solutions to validate the first principles studies. The analytical equations are used to evaluate the sensitivity of different parameters, including parasitics, on the average and the ripple of the output voltage. These equations provide a faster approach to evaluating the operation of the converter without having to resort to a trial and errnr simulation approach for optimum design.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers of Anti-NRP1, a Novel Antiangiogenesis Agent, in Two Phase I Trials in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 72K, Binding experiments were carried out by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements on a ProteOn XPR36 (Bio-Rad Laboratories) instrument at 25{degree sign}C. For the binding competition experiment, PlGF (20μg/ml) was immobilized at high surface densities (3000-4000 RU) on an activated ProteOn GLC sensor chip using standard amine coupling procedures as described by the manufacturer. Analytes (Nrp1, Anti-Nrp1B) and 1:1 molar ratio mixture of analytes (Nrp1 + Anti-Nrp1B) were injected in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 0.005% v/v Tween-20 (pH7.4) at a flow rate of 100μl/min and sensorgrams for association and disassociation phases were recorded. Analytes were injected for 150 s and allowed to disassociate for 450 s. Data was processed with the ProteOn Manager software (version 2.0, Bio-Rad).&lt;/p&gt;
Simultaneous-source full-wavefield inversion (2013)

Seismic data acquired for exploration, development or production surveys are typically densely sampled, often driven by high-resolution imaging objectives. It is common to have tens or hundreds of thousands of shots in a marine survey. This poses a significant computational challenge for full-wavefield inversion (FWI), because each shot needs to be simulated individually. Even with the fastest computing systems, the cost increases tremendously while incorporating complex physics and inverting higher frequencies in the data. For example, the cost of 3D finite-difference elastic simulation is roughly 50 times the cost of acoustic simulation. And it increases by a factor of 16 if the frequency of the simulation is doubled. For 3D acoustic wavefield simulation, the cost is 256 times higher at 40 Hz than at 10 Hz. Therefore, large-scale 3D application of FWI is a challenging problem. The method involves several forward modeling and gradient computations of each field gather by numerically solving the wave equation. Even in a large computer environment, for an average seismic survey, the turnaround time for FWI can be significant. Furthermore, most FWI applications require several trial runs to choose suitable parameters to tune the inversion for a stable solution. The key to making FWI practical is to reduce the number of individual shots, thereby providing computational savings for both forward modeling and gradient computations.
Assessment of De Facto Wastewater Reuse across the U.S.: Trends between 1980 and 2008 (2013)

De facto wastewater reuse is the incidental presence of treated wastewater in a water supply source. In 1980 the EPA identified drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) impacted by upstream wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges and found the top 25 most impacted DWTPs contained between 2% and 16% wastewater discharges from upstream locations (i.e., de facto reuse) under average streamflow conditions. This study is the first to provide an update to the 1980 EPA analysis. An ArcGIS model of DWTPs and WWTPs across the U.S. was created to quantify de facto reuse for the top 25 cities in the 1980 EPA study. From 1980 to 2008, de facto reuse increased for 17 of the 25 DWTPs, as municipal flows upstream of the sites increased by 68%. Under low streamflow conditions, de facto reuse in DWTP supplies ranged from 7% to 100%, illustrating the importance of wastewater in sustainable water supplies. Case studies were performed on four cities to analyze the reasons for changes in de facto reuse over time. Three of the four sites have greater than 20% treated wastewater effluent within their drinking water source for streamflow less than the 25th percentile historic flow.
Shock tube study of the reaction hydrogen atom + oxygen .fwdarw. hydroxyl + oxygen atom using hydroxyl laser absorption (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShock tube study of the reaction hydrogen atom + oxygen .fwdarw. hydroxyl + oxygen atom using hydroxyl laser absorptionDavid A. Masten, Ronald K. Hanson, and Craig T. BowmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 18, 7119–7128Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100381a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Hypotheses on the role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of epinephrine maculopathy and aphakic cystoid macular edema. (1989)

This article presents hypotheses regarding pathogenesis of epinephrine maculopathy. According to these hypotheses, two points are the most essential in the development of epinephrine-induced CME: one is the stimulation of PG synthesis by some tissues, presumably, the anterior uvea by the applied epinephrine, the other is the dysfunction, in some aphakic eyes, of the active transport system (Bito's pump) which is responsible for the removal of PGs from intraocular fluids. To test these hypotheses, the authors and their group conducted several experimental studies. The results of these studies, which have been reviewed in this article, strongly suggest that epinephrine maculopathy is induced by a mechanism involving PGs or possibly, other related eicosanoids and not simply by epinephrine per se, as has previously been suggested. This in turn suggest the existence of some common factors in the pathogenesis of epinephrine maculopathy and aphakic or pseudophakic CME.
In situ gelling aqueous solutions of pH- and temperature-sensitive poly(ester amino urethane)s (2008)

A series of novel pH- and temperature-sensitive multiblock poly(ester amino urethane)s were synthesized. The copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR and GPC. In the multiblock copolymers, the tertiary amino groups of the poly(amino urethane) segments act as pH-responsive moieties, while the PCL–PEG–PCL blocks act as biodegradable and temperature-sensitive segments. At a relatively high pH (7.0 or above), the multiblock copolymer aqueous solution showed a sol-to-gel-to-aggregation transition with increasing temperature. In contrast, at a lower pH (below 7.0), the polymer solution always existed as a sol state within the experimental temperature range. The gel window covers the physiological conditions. After subcutaneous injection of the 20 wt% multiblock copolymer solutions into mice, polymeric hydrogels were formed in situ in a short time. The in vitro release of an anticancer drug, paclitaxel, persisted over 1 month under physiological conditions.