gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design issues in division and other floating-point operations (1997)

Floating-point division is generally regarded as a low frequency, high latency operation in typical floating-point applications. However, in the worst case, a high latency hardware floating-point divider can contribute an additional 0.50 CPI to a system executing SPECfp92 applications. This paper presents the system performance impact of floating-point division latency for varying instruction issue rates. It also examines the performance implications of shared multiplication hardware, shared square root, on-the-fly rounding and conversion, and fused functional units. Using a system level study as a basis, it is shown how typical floating-point applications can guide the designer in making implementation decisions and trade-offs.
Model for studying virus attachment: identification and quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus-binding cells by using biotinylated virus in flow cytometry (1988)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was purified and biotinylated without significant loss of its cell-transforming activity. The use of biotinylated virus in conjunction with antibodies specific for selected cell surface molecules and flow cytometric analysis allowed for the positive identification of the virus-binding lymphocytes among a heterogeneous mononuclear cell population. Biotinylated EBV efficiently bound to all B lymphocytes, including those bearing surface mu, delta, gamma, and alpha immunoglobulin heavy chains or the surface CD5 (Leu-1) marker, but not to T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, or monocytes. By using biotinylated EBV and specific monoclonal antibodies in competitive inhibition experiments, it was also found that the virus attaches to an epitope on the CR2 molecule (the receptor for C3d and EBV), which is close to or identical with the one recognized by OKB7 monoclonal antibody, and that cell surface structures other than CR2 cannot mediate attachment of EBV. Moreover, studies on the binding of the virus to induced B lymphocytes (cells in S through G2 phase), and this was associated with the disappearance of the surface CR2 molecule and the inability of the virus to attach to these cells. The approach described here should be useful in studying the attachment of other viruses, identifying the specific cell types involved, and analyzing the effect of the cell cycle on virus binding.
Biodistribution and kinetics of 18F FPPRGD2 in cancer patients (2013)

11 Objectives αvβ3 integrins play a key role in angiogenesis. 18F FPPRGD2 is a novel PET tracer based on a dimeric RGD peptide targeting the αvβ3 integrins. We now present data on its biodistribution and kinetics in cancer patients. Methods 20 patients were recruited: 8 GBM (4 women, 4 men), 25-64 year-old (average: 47.9±10.8); 4 NSCLC (2 women, 2 men), 55-76 year-old (average: 62.3±9.4); and 8 breast cancer, 44-67 year-old (average: 54.3±8.84). One dynamic 18F FPPRGD2 PET and two static 18F FPPRGD2 PET/CT were obtained up to 120 min post-injection. SUVmax values in the lesions and in normal background areas were measured at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 120 min after administration. Results 18F FPPRGD2 had stable distribution in all patients, similar to the healthy volunteers data, with primary clearance through the kidneys, as well as hepatobiliary. The highest 18F FPPRGD2 uptake in GBM lesions (n=5) was recorded 45 min post-injection, with SUVmax of 2.5 - 6.24 (average: 3.99±1.48). 18F FPPRGD2 uptake was highest at 30 min in primary NSCLC lesions and metastases, with SUVmax of 4.24 - 15.51 (average 10±5.64) and 4.22 - 13.9 (average 8.33±5), respectively. For the primary breast cancer lesions (n=6), 18F FPPRGD2 uptake was highest at 45 min, with SUVmax of 2.0 - 6.8 (average: 4.78±2). For breast cancer metastases (n=18), SUVmax of 1.9 - 5.5 (average: 3.09±1.1) also peaked at 45 min. Background SUVmax was 0 - 1.02 (average 0.53±0.12) for cerebellum, 0.63 - 1.67 (average 1.29±0.29) for aortic arch, and 2.29 - 4.11 (average 3.09±0.7) for liver. Conclusions 18F FPPRGD2 has stable biodistribution and kinetics for imaging αvβ3 integrins expression. Evaluation of 18F FPPRGD2 in patients with recurrent GBM, NSCLC and breast cancer demonstrates high uptake in the primary and metastatic lesions. Given the low uptake in normal background tissues, this may allow for patient selection prior to anti-angiogenesis treatments and for early assessment of response to such therapies.
Effect of different preparation routes on the structure and properties of rigid polyurethane‐layered silicate nanocomposites (2006)

Abstract To identify the effect of reactive preparation on the structure and properties of rigid polyurethane (PU)‐layered silicate nanocomposite, a range of nanocomposites were prepared by combining the various precursors in different sequences. The morphology of the samples was characterized by XRD and TEM. Tensile properties and dynamic mechanical thermal properties were measured. The reactions between the layered silicates and PU precursors were monitored via FTIR to gain an understanding of the participation of nanofiller in the polymerization reaction, and the impact of this on system stoichiometry. The XRD and TEM results provided evidence that morphology can differ significantly if different synthesis methods are used. However, the mechanical properties are dominated by the stoichiometry imbalance induced by the addition of the layered silicates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2894–2903, 2006
Evolution of Polycarbonate Process Technologies (2005)

Two very different processes are used for the production of bisphenol A polycarbonate, melt transesterification and interfacial phosgenation. Each process has its own advantages and disadvantages, but both are commercially feasible. Although both processes form the same polycarbonate backbone, several important differences between the two product polymers can be seen. In addition, ring-opening polymerization of cyclic oligomers and solid state polymerization techniques have recently been investigated, although not yet commercialized.
Production of Υ(nS) mesons in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV (2023)

A measurement of the production of vector bottomonium states, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(\text{1S})$, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(\text{2S})$, and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(\text{3S})$, in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ and $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is presented. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of $1.38\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ data collected in 2018, $0.44\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ data collected in 2015, and $0.26\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ data collected in 2017 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the dimuon decay channel for transverse momentum ${p}_{\text{T}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}}&lt;30\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$, absolute rapidity $|{y}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}}|&lt;1.5$, and $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ event centrality 0--80%. The production rates of the three bottomonium states in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions are compared with those in $pp$ collisions to extract the nuclear modification factors as functions of event centrality, ${p}_{\text{T}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}}$, and $|{y}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}}|$. In addition, the suppression of the excited states relative to the ground state is studied. The results are compared with theoretical model calculations.
Enantioselective Epoxidation of Electrophilic Olefins by Using Glycosyl Hydroperoxides (2008)

Anomeric hydroperoxides derived from 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-galactose and glucose were used for enantioselective epoxidation of naphthoquinone (12), chalcone (13), (E)-1,2-dibenzoyl ethylene (14) and (E)-iso-butyryl-phenyl ethylene (15). In the presence of sodium hydroxide, the epoxidations showed exceptional high asymmetric induction. The exchange of sodium by a potassium ion resulted in a low asymmetric induction. These results pointed to the crucial role of the counterion and strongly suggested that coordination of the alkaline ion occurs in the transition state of the epoxidation process by both reagents, hydroperoxide and the olefin. Theoretical studies of the reaction mechanism at the DFT B3LYP/6-31G* level fitted very well with experimental results.
Subspace Recovery from Structured Union of Subspaces (2013)

Lower dimensional signal representation schemes frequently assume that the signal of interest lies in a single vector space. In the context of the recently developed theory of compressive sensing (CS), it is often assumed that the signal of interest is sparse in an orthonormal basis. However, in many practical applications, this requirement may be too restrictive. A generalization of the standard sparsity assumption is that the signal lies in a union of subspaces. Recovery of such signals from a small number of samples has been studied recently in several works. Here, we consider the problem of subspace recovery in which our goal is to identify the subspace (from the union) in which the signal lies using a small number of samples, in the presence of noise. More specifically, we derive performance bounds and conditions under which reliable subspace recovery is guaranteed using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. We begin by treating general unions and then obtain the results for the special case in which the subspaces have structure leading to block sparsity. In our analysis, we treat both general sampling operators and random sampling matrices. With general unions, we show that under certain conditions, the number of measurements required for reliable subspace recovery in the presence of noise via ML is less than that implied using the restricted isometry property which guarantees signal recovery. In the special case of block sparse signals, we quantify the gain achievable over standard sparsity in subspace recovery. Our results also strengthen existing results on sparse support recovery in the presence of noise under the standard sparsity model.
Larkin's Two Bleaneys (2004)

Journal Article Larkin's Two Bleaneys Get access John Goodby John Goodby University of Wales Swansea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 51, Issue 2, June 2004, Pages 182–183, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/510182 Published: 01 June 2004
Remote controlled short-cycle loading of bulk material in mining applications (2015)

High-capacity wireless IP networks with limited delays are nowadays being deployed in both underground and open-pit mines. This allows for advanced remote control of mining machinery with improved feedback to operators and extensive monitoring of machine status, wear and fatigue. Wireless connectivity varies however depending on channel impairments caused by obstacles, multi-path fading and other radio issues. Therefore remote control and monitoring should be capable of adapting their sending rates to handle variations in communications quality. This paper presents key challenges in advanced remote control and monitoring of working machines via high-capacity wireless IP networks in mining environments. We reason about these challenges in context of underground short-cycle load, haul and dump operation with large-volume built wheel-loaders and present a generic communication solution for an operator assistance concept capable of adapting to varying communication properties.
Improved Random Forest for Classification (2018)

We propose an improved random forest classifier that performs classification with minimum number of trees. The proposed method iteratively removes some unimportant features. Based on the number of important and unimportant features, we formulate a novel theoretical upper limit on the number of trees to be added to the forest to ensure improvement in classification accuracy. Our algorithm converges with a reduced but important set of features. We prove that further addition of trees or further reduction of features does not improve classification performance. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments on benchmark datasets. We further use the proposed classifier to detect mitotic nuclei in the histopathological datasets of breast tissues. We also apply our method on the industrial dataset of dual phase steel microstructures to classify different phases. Results of our method on different datasets show significant reduction in average classification error compared to a number of competing methods.
Antitumor activity of bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes, their gold(I) coordination complexes, and related compounds (1987)

Bisphosphines related to bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and their gold complexes are described that are active in a spectrum of transplantable tumor models. When administered ip on days 1-5 at its maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of 40 mumol/kg, dppe reproducibly gives 100% increase in life span (ILS) in mice bearing ip P388 leukemia. Coordination of chlorogold(I) to each phosphine in dppe gave a complex that had similar activity but at a much lower dose level than dppe; the MTD for the gold(I) complex was 7 mumol/kg. Among other metal complexes of dppe, the Au(III) complex was active (greater than 50% ILS) whereas Ag(I), Ni(II), Pt(II), Pd(II), and Rh(I) complexes were inactive. Among dppe analogues, replacement of phenyl groups with ethyl or benzyl groups resulted in inactivity for both ligands and the corresponding gold complexes whereas substitution with cyclohexyl or heterocyclic ring systems yielded ligands and/or gold complexes with antitumor activity. Among substituted-phenyl dppe and dppe(AuCl)2 analogues, 3-fluoro, 4-fluoro, perdeuterio, 4-methylthio, and 2-methylthio analogues were active; 4-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methoxy, 4-dimethylamino, and 4-trifluoromethyl analogues were marginal or inactive. Analogues in which the ethane bridge of dppe or dppe(AuCl)2 was varied between one and six carbons, unsaturated or substituted, revealed that activity was maximal with ethane or cis-ethylene. Compounds with good P388 activity were also active in other animal tumor models.
Regeneration of Adult Mice Motoneurons Utilizing a Defined System and Anti-Oxidant Nanoparticles (2009)

We have developed a novel culture model to grow adult mice spinal cord cells. The model consisted of a serum-free medium supplemented with different growth factors, nanoparticles and a silane substrate. The following growth factors and nanoparticles constitute the novel serum-free medium: Acidic FGF, Heparan-Sulphate, GDNF, BDNF, CNTF, CT-1, NT-3, NT-4, VEGF, LIF, Vitronectin, B27 supplement, G5 supplement and Cerium oxide nanoparticles. Synergistic effects of these growth factors, nanoparticles and silane substrate promote survival and growth of spinal-cord neurons and glial cells. Based on the cell body size, number of processes and process lengths the cells were categorized into three different groups: Groups I, II and III. Apart from these three cell groups, some of the cells grew in clumps. We categorized the clumps as Group IV. Cells were immunocytochemically characterized by antibodies against NF-150 and GFAP. The cells in Group I, which were found in a small percentage (∼10%) in each culture, were then further characterized. These cells had large, multi-polar, cell bodies (30-35 μm) and long processes (∼500-800 μm) and they also stained positive for all three motoneuron specific antibodies; ChAT, Islet-1 and MO-1. Based on morphological and immunocytochemical analysis it was concluded that this small percentage of large, multi-polar cells were regenerating motoneurons. Preliminary electrophysiological studies indicated that the cells with this neuronal morphology fired single action potentials. This novel model system could be used as a tool to study spinal injuries and neurodegenerative diseases of aging spinal cord. Copyright © 2009 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Deletion, But Not Antagonism, of the Mouse Growth Hormone Receptor Results in Severely Decreased Body Weights, Insulin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Levels and Increased Life Span (2003)

GH participates in growth, metabolism, and cellular differentiation. To study these roles, we previously generated two different dwarf mouse lines, one expressing a GH antagonist (GHA) and the other having a disrupted GH receptor and binding protein gene (GHR -/-). In this study we compared the two dwarf lines in the same genetic background (C57BL/6J). One of the most striking differences between the mouse lines was their weight gain profile after weaning. The weights of the GHA dwarfs gradually approached controls over time, but the weights of the GHR -/- dwarfs remained low throughout the analysis period. Additionally, fasting insulin and glucose levels were reduced in the GHR -/- mice but normal in the GHA mice. IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels were significantly reduced, but by different degrees, in both mouse lines, but IGFBP-1 and -4 levels were reduced and IGFBP-2 levels increased in GHR -/- mice but unaltered in GHA mice. Finally, life span was significantly extended for the GHR -/- mice but remained unchanged for GHA dwarfs. These results suggest that the degree of blockade of GH signaling can lead to dramatically different phenotypes.
Luminescent and scintillation properties of Ce-doped Tb3Al5O12crystal grown from Al-rich composition (2017)

A Ce-doped Tb3Al5O12 single crystal was successfully synthesized via the floating zone method in an Al-rich composition. In both photoluminescence and scintillation, the emissions were predominantly due to the 5d–4f transitions of Ce3+ peaking around 550 nm, but emissions due to defects and the 4f–4f transitions of Tb3+ were revealed by the time-resolved analyses. The crystal quality and luminescence intensity were sufficiently high such that the crystal was applicable for pulse-height spectrum measurement. Under 137Cs γ-ray exposure, a clear photoabsorption peak was observed, and the estimated light yield was 57,000 photons/MeV.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of galactokinase fromPyrococcus horikoshii (2006)

Galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate, in an additional metabolic branch of glycolysis. The apo-form crystal structure of the enzyme has not yet been elucidated. Crystals of galactokinase from Pyrococcus horikoshii were prepared in both the apo form and as a ternary complex with alpha-D-galactose and an ATP analogue. Diffraction data sets were collected to 1.24 A resolution for the apo form and to 1.7 A for the ternary complex form using synchrotron radiation. The apo-form crystals belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 108.08, b = 38.91, c = 81.57 A, beta = 109.8 degrees. The ternary complex form was isomorphous with the apo form, except for the length of the a axis. The galactokinase activity of the enzyme was confirmed and the kinetic parameters at 323 K were determined.
Robust PCA via <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{0}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Regularization (2018)

We study the problem of low-rank and sparse decomposition from possibly noisy observations, known as Robust PCA, where the sparse component can be seen as outliers. We first propose a modified objective function where the nuclear norm captures the low-rank term, ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -“norm” addresses the sparse outlier term, and an ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm to deal with the additive noise term. The associated algorithm, termed sparsity regularized principal component pursuit (SRPCP), is shown to converge. Under certain model and algorithm parameter settings, it is shown that SRPCP can recover the low-rank component and sparse component exactly in the noiseless case. In the noisy case, we first prove that the widely used principal component pursuit (PCP) method, which was designed for the noiseless case, is actually stable to dense noise. Then, we show that SRPCP has smaller estimation error bound, and can identify outlier entries without any false alarm. Another important byproduct of our analysis is the result that PCP with missing entries is also stable to dense noise. We further propose another objective function which replaces the above nuclear norm by the log-determinant. The proposed algorithm, termed iterative reweighted sparsity regularized principal component pursuit, is also shown to converge. In each iteration, it solves a weighted nuclear norm regularized robust matrix completion problem. We propose an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to solve this nonconvex subproblem, which also converges. Empirical studies demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> regularization framework to deal with the outliers as well as its advantage over the existing state-of-the-art methods.
On the effect of inflow distortions of propeller noise (2022)

Propellers usually operate in non-uniform flows, which is expected to modify the behaviour of the emitted noise field. In this framework, an experimental campaign with far-field noise measurements of a two-blade propeller, immersed in a non-uniform flow, has been performed in the anechoic facility at the University of Southampton. A parametric analysis of the effects of different flow non-uniformities, generated by different masks positioned at the nozzle exhaust, was performed at constant thrust. Results show that non-uniformities in the incoming flow exalt the interaction tones. Tonal peaks, starting from the third blade passage frequency harmonic, register variations in the order of tens of decibels, up to a maximum of 12dB. Experimental outcomes are compared with tonal noise predictions obtained by using a frequency domain formulation, based on integrating the aerodynamic sources on the proper surface of the blade. The model captures the main features of the interaction tones and a good agreement is reached between measured and predicted values in both sound pressure levels and directivity.
Anthocyanidins Inhibit Growth and Chemosensitize Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway (2021)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Due to the lack of drug-targetable receptors, chemotherapy is the only systemic treatment option. Although chemotherapeutic drugs respond initially in TNBC, many patients relapse and have a poor prognosis. Poor survival after metastatic relapse is largely attributed to the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we show that bilberry-derived anthocyanidins (Anthos) can inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC and chemosensitize paclitaxel (PAC)-resistant TNBC cells by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as metastatic and angiogenic mediators. Anthos administered orally significantly decreased MDA-MB-231 orthoxenograft tumor volume and led to lower rates of lymph node and lung metastasis, compared to control. Treatment of PAC-resistant MDA-MB-231Tx cells with Anthos and PAC in combination lowered the IC<sub>50</sub> of PAC by nearly 20-fold. The combination treatment also significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) decreased the tumor volume in MDA-MB-231Tx orthoxenografts, compared to control. In contrast, Anthos and PAC alone were ineffective against MDA-MB-231Tx tumors. Our approach of using Anthos to inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancers, as well as to chemosensitize PAC-resistant TNBC, provides a highly promising and effective strategy for the management of TNBC.