gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A look-locker acquisition scheme for quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging with FAIR arterial spin labeling in humans at 3 tesla (2016)

This study shows the feasibility of the LL-FAIR-ASL method for the quantification of MBF. The statistical measures reported will allow the planning of future clinical research studies involving rest and stress measurements. Magn Reson Med 78:541-549, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Experimental Study of Ternary Distillation in a Packed Column (1985)

Abstract Ternary distillation of a methanol/isopropanol/water mixture was studied in a 0.1-m diameter column with SULZER-CY packing. The experimental data have been compared with results from the multicomponent mass transfer model of Krishna and Standart. The influence of model simplifications and the accuracy of the model parameters have been studied. Finally, the suitability of simple mass transfer models for predicting concentration profiles in packed columns was looked into.
5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence Imaging for Tumor Detection: Recent Advances and Challenges (2022)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of heme and chlorophyll. Exogenously administered 5-ALA is metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). PpIX accumulates in cancer cells because of the low activity of ferrochelatase, an enzyme that metabolizes PpIX to heme. High expression of 5-ALA influx transporters, such as peptide transporters 1/2, in cancer cells also enhances PpIX production. Because PpIX radiates red fluorescence when excited with blue/violet light, 5-ALA has been used for the visualization of various tumors. 5-ALA photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has been shown to improve the tumor removal rate in high-grade gliomas and non-muscular invasive bladder cancers. However, 5-ALA PDD remains a challenge as a diagnostic method because tissue autofluorescence interferes with PpIX signals in cases where tumors emit only weak signals, and non-tumorous lesions, such as inflammatory sites, tend to emit PpIX fluorescence. Here, we review the current outline of 5-ALA PDD and strategies for improving its diagnostic applicability for tumor detection, focusing on optical techniques and 5-ALA metabolic pathways in both viable and necrotic tumor tissues.
Role of Organic and Inorganic Additives on the Assembly of CTAB-P123 and the Morphology of Mesoporous Silica Particles (2009)

Mesoporous silica particles with various morphologies and structures have been synthesized by controlling the solubility, micellization, and assembly of a charged surfactant (cethyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and a pluronic (PEO20PPO70PEO20, P123) couple using an organic (benzene) or an inorganic (SO42−, NO3−, or Cl−) additive. The effect of CTAB, with or without one of the Hofmeister ions or benzene in various concentrations, on the morphology, pore-size, pore-structure and the nature of the silica particles has been investigated. Increasing the lyotropic anion (SO42−) or benzene concentration of the synthesis media creates wormlike particles with enlarged pores and reduced wall thickness. However, the hydrotropic anion (NO3−) influenced the solubility of the charged surfactant and increased the CTAB concentration in the CTAB-P123 micelles, and as a result, in the mesoporous silica particles. The surface area, unit cell, and pore size of the silica particles are diminished by increasing the nitrate ion centration. The effects of the Cl− ion are between the SO42− and NO3− ions. It influenced the P123 at low and CTAB at high concentrations. At low CTAB/P123 mol ratios, the Cl− ion affects mainly the P123, but at high CTAB/P123 it affects both the CTAB and P123. By carefully adjusting these ingredients (CTAB, SO42−, Cl−, NO3− and benzene), not only the morphology of the particles, but also the pore-size and pore-structure of the mesoporous silica particles could be adjusted. The investigations were carried out by preparing a series of powder samples and, by varying the CTAB/P123 mol ratio (between 3.0 and 6.0) and the concentration of the organic (0.17 to 0.90 M) or inorganic (at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 M) additive in the synthesis media. The powder samples were analyzed using microscopy (SEM, TEM, and POM), diffraction (PXRD), and spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman, UV−vis, and EDS) techniques toward above goals.
Postpartum exacerbation of antenatal COVID-19 pneumonia in 3 women (2020)

KEY POINTSA31-year-old pregnant woman (38 wk + 2 d) presented to the obstetrics and gynecology team with a 5-day history of cough, low-grade fever (maximum temperature 37.8°C) and intermittent shortness of breath. She also described bilateral lower-leg edema for 2 days. Because she reported contact
The SEMATECH Berkeley microfield exposure tool: learning at the 22-nm node and beyond (2009)

Microfield exposure tools (METs) continue to play a dominant role in the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists. One of these tools is the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3-NA MET operating as a SEMATECH resist and mask test center. Here we present an update summarizing the latest resist test and characterization results. The relatively small numerical aperture and limited illumination settings expected from 1st generation EUV production tools make resist resolution a critical issue even at the 32-nm node. In this presentation, sub 22 nm half pitch imaging results of EUV resists are reported. We also present contact hole printing at the 30-nm level. Although resist development has progressed relatively well in the areas of resolution and sensitivity, line-edge-roughness (LER) remains a significant concern. Here we present a summary of recent LER performance results and consider the effect of system-level contributors to the LER observed from the SEMATECH Berkeley microfield tool.
Registration of ‘Atlantic’ Winter Barley (2014)

'Atlantic' (Reg. No. CV-354, PI 665041), a six-row, hulled winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tested as VA06B-19 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2011. Atlantic was derived from the cross VA97B-176/VA92-44-279 using a modified bulk-breeding method. It was evaluated in the Virginia Official Variety Trials from 2008 to 2013 in replicated tests at five to six locations. Atlantic's average grain yield (5349 kg ha−1) was higher than the check cultivars Wysor, Callao, and Price and similar to Thoroughbred. Average grain volume weight of Atlantic (60.8 kg hL−1) was similar to the check cultivar Price and higher than Thoroughbred, Callao, and Wysor. Head emergence of Atlantic is 7 d earlier than Thoroughbred (the predominant barley cultivar grown in Virginia and the eastern United States) and similar to that of Callao. Earlier maturity is a primary factor determining whether barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in double-cropping systems with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Grain of Atlantic had an average starch concentration (56.5%) that was higher than Callao, similar to Price, but lower than Thoroughbred. Atlantic provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a widely adapted, early-maturing winter barley cultivar that has good grain quality and is highly resistant to powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal] based on its performance in state and uniform winter barley yield trials.
Adaptive Mutation in Escherichia coli : a Role for Conjugation (1995)

When subjected to selective conditions that impose starvation, a bacterial population can accumulate mutations, called adaptive, that allow colony formation. Here, the reversion of a lac allele under selective conditions, in a model system using Escherichia coli with the lac mutation on an F' plasmid, was shown to require the conjugational capacity of the plasmid. Reversion associated with transfer was shown, and when the same lac allele was chromosomal, reversion to Lac+ was 25 to 50 times less frequent. Postplating reversion was 25 times less when mating was inhibited by the presence of detergent. Mutability associated with conjugation provides new ways of thinking about the origin of adaptive mutations.
Supplementary Tables S1-2 from Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-2. Table S1 - Source, origin, subtype and growth medium for each cell line. Table S2 - Characteristics of tested patient-derived xenograft models.&lt;/p&gt;
Microfluidic device for continuous dielectrophoretic separation of cells in division (2008)

This paper reports on a novel method for on-chip continuous separation of divid- ing and non-dividing cells based on differences in their dielectric properties. By means of two opposite dielectrophoretic force fields at multiple frequencies, the two populations of cells flowing through the microfluidic device are focused towards distinct equilibrium positions, which can be correlated to their cell cycle.
Self-supervised Interest Point Detection and Description for Fisheye and Perspective Images (2023)

Keypoint detection and matching is a fundamental task in many computer vision problems, from shape reconstruction, to structure from motion, to AR/VR applications and robotics. It is a well-studied problem with remarkable successes such as SIFT, and more recent deep learning approaches. While great robustness is exhibited by these techniques with respect to noise, illumination variation, and rigid motion transformations, less attention has been placed on image distortion sensitivity. In this work, we focus on the case when this is caused by the geometry of the cameras used for image acquisition, and consider the keypoint detection and matching problem between the hybrid scenario of a fisheye and a projective image. We build on a state-of-the-art approach and derive a self-supervised procedure that enables training an interest point detector and descriptor network. We also collected two new datasets for additional training and testing in this unexplored scenario, and we demonstrate that current approaches are suboptimal because they are designed to work in traditional projective conditions, while the proposed approach turns out to be the most effective.
1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles as Potent Negative Allosteric Modulators of the mGlu2/3 Receptors (2017)

The metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 (mGlu<sub>2</sub> ) receptor is a presynaptic membrane receptor distributed widely in brain that provides feedback inhibitory control of glutamate release. Inhibition of the mGlu<sub>2</sub> receptor function with a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) enhances activity-dependent glutamate release, which may be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. An attractive pyrazole hit was identified after a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign. The evolution of this hit is described by structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on specific parts of the molecule. From near micromolar potency we could obtain compounds with single-digit nanomolar activity in the mGlu<sub>2</sub> NAM GTPγS assay. In addition to SAR on in vitro potency, a more detailed overview is given with a specific set of compounds on the excellent agreement between in vitro potency, free brain concentration, and ex vivo mGlu<sub>2</sub> receptor occupancy. Finally, to obtain improved drug-like compounds, plans for future research are suggested toward increasing free brain concentration while maintaining high in vitro potency.
22nd Marabou Symposium: the changing faces of vitamin D (2008)

The classic role of vitamin D has involved its function in calcium metabolism. However, a much broader perspective of the importance of vitamin D is now emerging. Therefore, a new approach is needed based on a combination of molecular biological, physiological, and clinical/epidemiological studies. The remarkable range of the effects of vitamin D relates to our new understanding of both the role of the vitamin D receptor and analyses of what might be considered an optimum vitamin D status in populations exposed to very different diets and levels of sun exposure. Assessing the breadth of the current approaches was the basis of the 22(nd) Marabou Symposium that took place in Stockholm in June 2007.
A Dynamic Model with Friction for Comprehensive Tubular Stress Analysis (2018)

Abstract A new model technique is described for comprehensive dynamic stress and displacement analysis of wellbore tubulars including friction loads. A dynamic model of tubing forces is necessary to predict local pipe velocity which in turn determines the magnitude and direction of localized frictional contact. By tracking dynamic changes in axial force starting from the initial running state, a complete load history may be simulated through the life of the well. The dynamic friction model subdivides the string joint by joint and uses an elastic pipe momentum balance. Pipe velocity is related to axial force by the elasticity equation. Dynamically determined velocity is necessary to predict magnitude and orientation of local node friction vectors. Damping for the dynamic analysis is provided by annular fluid viscosity. The elastic equations are solved as a set of algebraic equations in terms of past and future values of pipe axial force and velocity. Key model inputs such as pressure, temperature, fluid and wellbore friction coefficients can be changed at each successive load step. Running loads and packer setting with slack-off or pick-up loads determine the initial string configuration. Given the initial configuration, each subsequent load case is calculated starting from the prior load and resultant friction state, allowing for full history dependence. The surface velocity profile of running individual stands is a key input. Unexpected magnitudes of downhole transfer of surface load are demonstrated. Change in operation load sequence is shown to produce significant differences in tubular axial loads, indicating that special attention to load history should be considered when performing tubular stress analysis. For slack-off, overpull, or packer setting events the model can track dynamic load response at downhole points such as a packer or cement top. An example well with deviated profile and planned sequence of life-cycle operations including stimulation, production and shut-in was simulated for a variety of load sequences. The model has been validated against field data using the actual hook load plot during installation of a single-trip, multi-zone intelligent completion in an offshore highly-deviated ERD well. Example calculations are given for an HPHT subsea well and a horizontal unconventional well. The dynamic friction model allows for seamless integration of running loads with friction into a fully sequential stress analysis of subsequent well life-cycle loads for landed strings. Current industry models separate installation state from the in-service life envelope. From comparison with appropriate static analytic solutions and industry standard drag and stress models, dynamics were found to affect friction force directions and magnitudes, suggesting that tubular dynamics cannot be neglected.
Acoustic analysis of turbine generator to predict overall noise using statistical energy analysis methodology (2013)

In the growing regions across the globe, products are being differentiated not only by their performance but also on characteristics like noise, aesthetics, ergonomics, etc. Noise norms are getting more and more stringent and customers are looking for quieter products. Engineers and technicians now face the challenge of developing effective products for lower noise emissions in addition to enhanced performance. As generators are a major noise source in a power plant, it is essential to contain generator noise well within the limit to meet statutory requirements. The major contributors to generator noise include cooling fan, rotor jet, electromagnetic excitation and vibrations. These sources should be configured properly for reducing the overall noise. Therefore, it is essential to establish a robust process to predict the generator noise accurately. This paper describes the process for predicting generator noise by using Statistical Energy Analysis methodology. Correlation of the predictions with test data is also discussed.
Effect of Catalyst Pretreatment on Methane Conversion under Microwave-assisted and Conventional Thermal Methods (2022)

The presentation was delivered from work performed in NETL&#39;s Upcycling of Associated Natural Gas FWP Task 4 Benzene, Toluene, Xylene Synthesis via Microwave-assisted catalyst. The objective of this project is to develop a modular, microwave-assisted reactor to upcycle flare gas into valuable chemicals. The presentation discusses important work researchers have performed to compare the pre-treatment of a benchmark Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst under microwaves to traditional thermal heating. Pre-treatment is required to enable to catalyst to produce benzene. This study provided insights into how the exposure impacts the structure and activity of the catalyst and will be used to help design better catalysts.
A novel feature-based robust audio watermarking for copyright protection (2004)

A novel public audio watermarking scheme based on the statistical feature manipulation in the wavelet domain combined with an error correction coding technique is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is shown to be rather robust against a variety of common signal processing manipulations and synchronization attacks including the very challenging random cropping and time scale modifications. The watermarked audio has very high perceptual quality and is indistinguishable from the original signal. A blind watermark detection technique without resorting to the original signal is developed to identify the embedded watermark under various types of attacks. Security is guaranteed by applying a chaotic sequence during embedding and detection. Several meaningful suggestions on how to use error correction coding technique to improve the robustness are given at the end.
Protective immunization with plasmid DNA containing the outer surface lipoprotein A gene of Borrelia burgdorferi is independent of an eukaryotic promoter (1996)

Plasmid DNA encoding the outer surface lipoprotein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi under the control of either strong eukaryotic/viral or its own bacterial promoter was injected intramuscularly (m. tibialis anterior) or intradermally into BALB/c and AKR/N mice. OspA-specific antibodies and OspA-reactive T helper 1 cells (Th1) were induced only with those plasmids containing the ospA structural gene including its own regulatory control region immediately upstream. In the absence of the ospA promoter, no or only marginal immune responses to OspA were obtained, even when strong eukaryotic promoter/enhancer elements were present. Together with the finding that the ospA promoter is active in a mouse B-lymphoma line, the data suggest that spirochetes are able to express at least part of their genes in the mammalian environment. Mice previously vaccinated with the relevant ospA plasmid DNA were protected against subsequent experimental challenge with a virulent strain of B. burgdorferi, as measured by the appearance of antibodies to a prominent protective epitope (LA-2) and the failure to re-isolate spirochetes from ear biopsies. In addition, C.B-17 severe-combined immunodeficient mice could be protected against infection by passive transfer of immune sera from ospA plasmid DNA-inoculated normal mice. Protective LA-2-related antibody titers obtained after repeated immunization persisted for 200 days and longer. This simple procedure of immunization using plasmid DNA consisting of a prokaryotic gene under the control of its own promoter holds great promise for the development of alternative subunit vaccines against bacterial infections, including Lyme disease. In addition, the availability of this novel prokaryotic promoter element now allows the study of the basis for the differential expression of bacterial genes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic environments.
Seeking Optimal Equilibria for Coverage Games (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the game theoretic coverage control whose objective is to lead agents to optimal configurations over a mission space. In particular, the objective of this paper is to achieve the control objective (i) in the absense of the perfect prior knowledge on importance of each point and (ii) in the presence of the action constraints. For this purpose, we first formulate coverage problems with two different global objective functions as so-called potential games. Then, we present a payoff-based learning algorithm determining actions based only on the past actual outcomes. The feature of the present algorithm is to allow an agent to take an irrational action. We also clarify a relation between a design parameter of the algorithm and theprobability which agents take the optimal actions and prove that the probability can be arbitrarily increased. Then, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the present algorithm through experiments on a testbed.
Selective Substitution of Corroles:  Nitration, Hydroformylation, and Chlorosulfonation (2002)

This work demonstrates the feasibility and power of electrophilic substitution on the peripheral carbon atoms of triarylcorroles as a synthetic tool to new derivatives. The large difference in the reactivity of the various carbon atoms on the macrocycle was shown to be of electronic rather than steric origin. A careful choice of reagents and a delicate control of reaction conditions allowed the selective syntheses of novel derivatives, in all of which substitution took place selectively in only the directly joined pyrrole rings of the macrocycle. This was proven by a combination of X-ray crystallography of the various products and detailed analysis of their NMR spectra.
Sizing nanomaterials in bio-fluids by cFRAP enables protein aggregation measurements and diagnosis of bio-barrier permeability (2016)

Sizing nanomaterials in complex biological fluids, such as blood, remains a great challenge in spite of its importance for a wide range of biomedical applications. In drug delivery, for instance, it is essential that aggregation of protein-based drugs is avoided as it may alter their efficacy or elicit immune responses. Similarly it is of interest to determine which size of molecules can pass through biological barriers in vivo to diagnose pathologies, such as sepsis. Here, we report on continuous fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (cFRAP) as a analytical method enabling size distribution measurements of nanomaterials (1-100 nm) in undiluted biological fluids. We demonstrate that cFRAP allows to measure protein aggregation in human serum and to determine the permeability of intestinal and vascular barriers in vivo. cFRAP is a new analytical technique that paves the way towards exciting new applications that benefit from nanomaterial sizing in bio-fluids.