gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Physicochemical Properties on Gas Transport Properties of Silver-Containing Ionic Liquid Mixtures for Olefin/Paraffin Membrane Separation (2020)

Physicochemical properties, including viscosity and density, of silver salt-containing ionic liquids were measured and used to rationalize the permeability of ethane, ethylene, and helium through supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs). Mixtures investigated included 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf 2 N]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([hmim][NO 3 ]) and their corresponding silver salts. The gas transport properties were very different for the two different ionic liquid/silver salt mixtures, consistent with very different behavior of viscosity and density upon silver salt dissolution. The distinctive dependence of both viscosity and density on temperature and silver salt concentration suggests different interion interactions and molecular arrangements in the two ionic liquids. Free volume and physical/chemical interactions between the anion and the gas solutes are critical in determining gas permeabilities.
Two-photon degradable supramolecular assemblies of linear-dendritic copolymers (2007)

Micelles of dendritic-linear copolymers have been developed to release a payload after infrared stimulus.
Design and implementation of a tunable crystal-heater for spectral variation of entangled non-degenerate photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (2023)

Efficient entangled photon pair sources are the main component for several applications based on quantum imaging. Specifically for ghost imaging, different wavelengths of signal (imaging photons) and idler (interaction with the object) photons are desired. An efficient and narrowband generation of entangled photons exploiting spontaneous parametric down-conversion using periodically poled (pp) nonlinear crystals is therefore a fundamental preliminary requirement to achieve (the process of) ghost imaging. This work presents the design and implementation of a precise and efficient crystalheater as a variable photon pair source and compares the achieved experimental values of the SPDC-wavelengths with theoretical calculations. A periodically poled nonlinear crystal from potassium titanyl phosphate (ppKTP) can generate various non-degenerate wavelengths from a pump radiation of 405 nm by temperature changes and satisfaction of energy conservation and quasi-phase-matching conditions. For this purpose, the crystal is securely housed in a custom-built mechanical mount. A computation and adjustment of various control parameters, as well as a precise determination of the current temperature via two temperature sensors allow the heater to set the target temperature with an accuracy of 0.1 °C±0.015 °C. A method for the theoretical determination of the temperature-dependent shift of the nondegenerate wavelengths, provides a foundation from which experimental verification of achievable wavelengths and intensities can be compared. By experimental verification, the efficiency and functionality of the photon pair source and SPDC-process is verified. These presented investigations and the design of the crystal-heater provide the basis for a precise and effective photon pair source, for subsequent studies in the field of ghost imaging.
Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy Plates by Laser Peening (2014)

Plane bending fatigue testing was performed to study the fatigue properties of friction stir welded (FSW) 3 mm thick AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy plates. Fatigue cracks propagated with bends and curves on the specimens, showing large deviation from a linear line. This might be reflecting the material flow and microstructure in the weld zone. The fatigue strength of the unwelded base material (BM) was 110 MPa at 10 7 cycles and FSW deteriorated it to 90 MPa. However, laser peening (LP) restored the degraded fatigue strength up to 120 MPa which is higher than that of the BM.
Four Point Probe Electrical Spectroscopy Based System for Plant Monitoring (2019)

This paper presents implementation of four point probe electrical spectroscopy analysis of living plants, their model, and analysis. The work was conducted on medium (e.g. tobacco) and large (e.g. cherry) plants, where in-vivo measurements were completed using the physical nature of the plants. We suggest an electrical model for the plant and an electronic system specifically designed for on-field use on a large scale for plant monitoring.
Origin of improved tunability and loss in N2 annealed barium strontium titanate films (2020)

Barium strontium titanate (BSTO) thin films were deposited on Pt(111) by high throughput evaporative physical vapor deposition and then annealed at 650 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for 30 min under ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ atmosphere. Using advanced transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we directly show that not only does N substitute for O in the BSTO lattice but that it also compensates for $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}^{3+}$ ions, suppressing conductivity, thereby reducing dielectric loss and enhancing dielectric tunability. However, this effect is negated near the film edge where we speculate that exposed Pt acts as a reservoir of adsorbed/absorbed O and alters the local ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ concentration during annealing.
Probing the Chemical Stability of Mixed Ferrites: Implications for Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Design (2011)

Nanomaterials with mixed composition, in particular magnetic spinel ferrites, are emerging as efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many factors, including size, composition, atomic structure, and surface properties are crucial in the design of such nanoparticle-based probes due to their influence on the magnetic properties. Silica-coated iron oxide (IO-SiO(2)) and cobalt ferrite (CoIO-SiO(2)) nanoparticles were synthesized using standard high temperature thermal decomposition and base-catalyzed water-in-oil microemulsion techniques. Under neutral aqueous conditions, it was found that 50-75% of the cobalt content in the CoIO-SiO(2) nanoparticles leached out of the core structure. Leaching caused a 7.2-fold increase in longitudinal relaxivity and an increase in the saturation magnetization from ~48 emu/g core to ~65 emu/g core. X-ray absorption fine structure studies confirmed that the atomic structure of the ferrite core was altered following leaching, while TEM and DLS confirmed that the morphology and size of the nanoparticle remained unchanged. The CoIO-SiO(2) nanoparticles converted from a partially inverted spinel cation arrangement (unleached state) to an inverse spinel arrangement (leached state). The control IO-SiO(2) nanoparticles remained stable with no change in structure and negligible changes in magnetic behavior. This detailed analysis highlights how important understanding the properties of nanomaterials is in the development of reliable agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Vom Granatapfelbaum zum Cyclooctatetraen (2015)

Abstract Das Alkaloid Pseudopelletierin ist zusammen mit Pelletierin und N‐Methylpelletierin in der Rinde des Granatapfelbaums abgelagert. Während Pelletierin und N‐Methylpelletierin für lange Zeit therapeutische Bedeutung als Entwurmungsmittel hatten, ist das Pseudopelletierin als Ausgangssubstanz für die erste Cyclooctatetraen‐Synthese von historischem Interesse. Wir beschreiben seine Isolierung aus der Wurzelrinde von punica granatum und den vollständigen Satz seiner analytischen Spektren. Die NMR‐Spektren und das EI‐Massenspektrum werden ausführlich diskutiert und die 13 C‐chemischen Verschiebungen mit theoretisch ermittelten Werten verglichen.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Hydroxyproline Derivatives (2003)

The synthesis of a library of N-alkylated O-arylated hydroxyproline derivatives has been achieved on solid phase. The choice of O-protection and the optimization of the Mitsunobu reaction involving a secondary alcohol were key to the success of this synthesis. First, acylation of resin-bound amines with N-Fmoc-O-THP-hydroxyproline was accomplished readily. Subsequent deprotection of the Fmoc and reductive amination with different aldehydes resulted in the tertiary amine intermediate. The deprotection of the THP group by p-toluenesulfonic acid was followed by a Mitsunobu reaction with a series of phenols. Finally, the products were cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid to produce a 10 200 member library.
Disentangling the electronic structure of an adsorbed graphene nanoring by scanning tunneling microscopy (2022)

Abstract Graphene nanorings are promising model structures to realize persistent ring currents and Aharonov–Bohm effect at the single molecular level. To investigate such intriguing effects, precise molecular characterization is crucial. Here, we combine low-temperature scanning tunneling imaging and spectroscopy with CO functionalized tips and algorithmic data analysis to investigate the electronic structure of the molecular cycloarene C108 (graphene nanoring) adsorbed on a Au(111) surface. We demonstrate that CO functionalized tips enhance the visibility of molecular resonances, both in differential conductance spectra and in real-space topographic images. Comparing our experimental data with ab-initio density functional theory reveals a remarkably precise agreement of the molecular orbitals and enables us to disentangle close-lying molecular states only separated by 50 meV at an energy of 2 eV below the Fermi level. We propose this combination of techniques as a promising new route for a precise electronic characterization of complex molecules and other physical properties which have electronic resonances in the tip-sample junction.
Second harmonic generation in blue region by 1<sup>st</sup>-order QPM in quartz (2006)

We demonstrated the finest twin structure ever reported in crystal quartz with a period of 31.1um. Second harmonic blue light of 190uW was produced by 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> -order QPM with a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser at 468.3 nm.
Aseptic Tibial Debonding as a Cause of Early Failure in a Modern Total Knee Arthroplasty Design (2012)

Our standardized followup of patients undergoing TKA at routine intervals allowed us to discover a higher rate of revision resulting from tibial debonding. We have discontinued the use of this particular tibial tray for primary TKA and surveillance for patients undergoing TKA continues to be warranted.
Shiga Toxin Type 2dact Displays Increased Binding to Globotriaosylceramide in vitro and Increased Lethality in Mice after Activation by Elastase (2013)

Shiga toxin type 2dact (Stx2dact), an Stx2 variant originally identified from Escherichia coli O91:H21 strain B2F1, displays increased cytotoxicity after activation by elastase present in intestinal mucus. Activation is a result of cleavage of two amino acids from the C-terminal tail of the A2 subunit. In this study, we hypothesized that activation leads to increased binding of toxin to its receptor on host cells both in vitro and in vivo. To test this theory, Stx2dact was treated with elastase or buffer alone and then each toxin was assessed for binding to purified globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or cells in culture by immunofluorescence, or flow cytometry. Elastase- and buffer-treated Stx2dact were also evaluated for binding to mouse kidney tissue and for relative lethality in mice. We found that activated Stx2dact had a greater capacity to bind purified Gb3, cells in culture, and mouse kidney tissue and was more toxic for mice than was non-activated Stx2dact. Thus, one possible mechanism for the augmented cytotoxicity of Stx2dact after activation is its increased capacity to bind target cells, which, in turn, may cause greater lethality of elastase-treated toxin for mice and enhanced virulence for humans of E. coli strains that express Stx2dact.
Advanced Wideband Sensorless Force Control Based on Harmonic Estimation Integrated Singular Spectrum Analysis Based Disturbance Observer (2019)

This paper proposes a new sensorless force sensing approach to realize the advanced wideband force control system. The force observation is based on the harmonic estimation integrated singular spectrum analysis based disturbance observer. The singular spectrum analysis is constructed to improve the force sensing performance and achieve the remarkably wide bandwidth by effectively separating the fundamental response and noise when the disturbance observer pole is notably raised. Additionally, the harmonic estimation based on the least squares method is configured to identify and cancel the periodic component caused by dither signal in the force estimation. The proposed method achieves the high performance force sensation with considerably widened force sensing bandwidth. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation results.
Data from Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel SHIP1 Phosphatase Activator for Inhibition of PI3K Signaling in Malignant B Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;PI3K signaling is a common feature of B-cell neoplasms, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and PI3K inhibitors have been introduced into the clinic. However, there remains a clear need to develop new strategies to target PI3K signaling. PI3K activity is countered by Src homology domain 2-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) and, here, we have characterized the activity of a novel SHIP1 activator, AQX-435, in preclinical models of B-cell malignancies.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; activity of AQX-435 was evaluated using primary CLL cells and DLBCL-derived cell lines. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; activity of AQX-435, alone or in combination with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, was assessed using DLBCL cell line and patient-derived xenograft models.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Pharmacologic activation of SHIP1 using AQX-435 was sufficient to inhibit anti–IgM-induced PI3K-mediated signaling, including induction of AKT phosphorylation and MYC expression, without effects on upstream SYK phosphorylation. AQX-435 also cooperated with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib to enhance inhibition of anti–IgM-induced AKT phosphorylation. AQX-435 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of CLL cells preferentially as compared with normal B cells, and overcame &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; survival-promoting effects of microenvironmental stimuli. Finally, AQX-435 reduced AKT phosphorylation and growth of DLBCL &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and cooperated with ibrutinib for tumor growth inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our results using AQX-435 demonstrate that SHIP1 activation may be an effective novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of B-cell neoplasms, alone or in combination with ibrutinib.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Besov, bayes, and plato in multiscale statistical modeling (2001)

 There currently exist two distinct paradigms for modeling images. In the first, images are regarded as functions from a deterministic function space, such as a Besov smoothness class. In the second, images are treated statistically as realizations of a random process. This talk reviews and indicates the links between the leading deterministic and statistical image models, with an emphasis on multiresolution techniques and wavelets. To overcome the major shortcomings of the Besov smoothness characterization, we develop new statistical models based on mixtures on graphs. To illustrate, we discuss applications in image estimation and segmentation. This is joint work with Hyeokho Choi, Michael Orchard, Justin Romberg, and Michael Wakin at Rice University. For more information, related papers, and software, please visit our web site at www.dsp.rice.edu
Compact epsilon-near-zero silicon photonic phase modulators (2018)

In this paper, we analyze a compact silicon photonic phase modulator at 1.55 μm using epsilon-near-zero transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films. The operating principle of the non-resonant phase modulator is field-effect carrier density modulation in a thin TCO film deposited on top of a passive silicon waveguide with a CMOS-compatible fabrication process. We compare phase modulator performance using both indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and cadmium oxide (CdO) TCO materials. Our findings show that practical phase modulation can be achieved only when using high-mobility (i.e. low-loss) epsilon-near-zero materials such as CdO. The CdO-based phase modulator has a figure of merit of 17.1°/dB in a compact 5 μm length. This figure of merit can be increased further through the proper selection of high-mobility TCOs, opening a path for device miniaturization and increased phase shifts.
Reaction of benzonitrile N-(p-nitrophenyl)imide with 5-substituted tetrazoles: a new route to substituted 1,2,4-triazoles via N-hydrazonoyltetrazoles (1988)

A wide range of phenyl 5-R-substituted (R = aryl, alkyl, amino, halo, H) 1- and 2-hydrazonoyltetrazoles has been synthesized. Substituent effects on the orientation of nitrite imide attack on 5-aryltetrazoles are reported. Thermolysis and fragmentation of the resulting hydrazonoyltetrazoles under different conditions gave high yields of a range of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles including aryl, alkyl, amino and azido derivatives. Interesting substituent effects including steric blocking of triazole formation from 5-aryltetrazoles by di-ortho-substitution of the 5-aryl ring are also noted.
Fluorous‐Tethered Amine Bases for Organic and Parallel Synthesis: Scope and Limitations. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Network selection with imprecise information in heterogeneous all-IP wireless systems (2007)

Selection of an optimal service delivery network is an important problem to solve in an all IP heterogeneous wireless access network environment. Several network parameters impact the process of network selection in such an environment and ideally their precise values should be known by the decision maker. In reality, however, the exact values for many of the parameters, e.g., those related to quality of service, will not be known. Hence there is a need to develop a network selection mechanism for scenarios when some of the parameter values are less reliable or unavailable. This paper describes a novel and comprehensive network selection approach that combines parameter estimation techniques with fuzzy theory and multi attribute decision making algorithm to perform network selection. In addition the paper proposes a new concept of Confidence Level in the network rankings that leverages additional available information in the final decision process. The proposed techniques provide improved network selection in heterogeneous all IP wireless access environment.
Innovative SF6 free switch with shunt vacuum interuption technology (2019)

This paper presents an innovative and compact SF6 free switch combining vacuum interrupters (VI) with a disconnector in air. To replace SF6as arc-quenching gas, some alternative fluorinated candidates were identified for medium voltage electrical equipment. While their GWP (Global Warming Potential) is low, these gases require authorization for handling in manufacturing plants and an end of life management. Indeed, the acute toxicities of these gases are high and carcinogentic, mutagenic and reprotoxic characteristics are not known.A better solution using air has been designed for air insulated switchgear (AIS) in secondary distribution with no breaking in gas.This solution uses dry air at a relative pressure of 0.4 bar for 12 kV and 1.5 bar for 24 kV switchgear in an epoxy tank. The 3-positions switch is based on vacuum breaking, air gap disconnection and earthing inside the tank. The operating mode is the same as current SF6 3-positions switch: breaking/disconnecting in one operation and earthing in a second operation. The combination of different devices and their interactions enable to design a compact solution with same dimensions as SF6 ones. As a consequence, this epoxy tank is fully interchangeable with SF6 one in Secondary AIS cubicle.The advantages of this solution are: fully environmental friendly, safety of people, absence of end of life gas recovering, easiness to operate, high expecting life, same footprint and full interchangeability with current SF6 switch.
Editors' Choice—Interface Engineering Strategy Utilizing Electrochemical ALD of Cu-Zn for Enabling Metallization of Sub-10 nm Semiconductor Device Nodes (2019)

A novel interface engineering approach, utilizing electrochemical atomic layer deposition (e-ALD) of Cu(Zn) on a Ru liner, is presented for enabling the metallization of sub-10 nm interconnects in future semiconductor devices. Upon thermal treatment, Zn present in the e-ALD Cu layer at ∼0.8 at.% is shown to diffuse through the Ru liner and react with the SiO2 to form a Zn-silicate layer at the Ru-SiO2 interface. This 'self-forming' interfacial layer provides adhesion enhancement to the Ru-SiO2 interface and serves as a diffusion barrier retarding Cu diffusion into the SiO2 layer while enabling void-free gap-filling of high aspect ratio trench structures. Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analyses confirm that the self-formed barrier layer is composed primarily of Zn2SiO4. The interface engineering approach utilizing Cu(Zn) presented herein offers several potential advantages over traditional Mn-based self-forming barrier approaches, i.e., scalability to narrower dimensions and minimal impact to interconnect resistance.
Power trends and performance characterization of 3-dimensional integration (2002)

3-D technology promises higher integration density and lower interconnection complexity and delay. At present, however, not much work on circuit applications has been done due to lack of insight into 3-D circuit architecture and performance. One of the purposes of realizing 3-D integration is to reduce the Interconnect complexity and delay of 2-D, which is widely avowed as the barrier to the continued performance gains in the future technology generations. Therefore, in this paper, we present a stochastic 3-D interconnect model, study the impact of 3-D integration on circuit performance and power consumption. We show that 3-D structures effectively reduce the number of long delay nets, significantly reduce the number of repeaters, and dramatically improve the circuit performance. With 3-D integration, a circuit can be clocked at frequencies much higher (double, even triple) than with 2-D. However, we also show that the impacts of vertical wires on chip area and interconnect delay can be limiting factors on the vertical integration of device layers; and that 3-D integration offers limited relief of power consumption.
Synthesis and characterization of siloxane copolyesters containing phenylindane linkages (2006)

Abstract A novel series of siloxane copolyesters containing 1,1,3‐trimethyl‐3‐( p ‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐indanol (phenylindane bisphenol), diphenyl terephthalate (DPT), diphenyl isophthalate (DPI), and eugenol end‐capped siloxanes in varying ratios were prepared at a temperature range of 200–290°C under reduced pressure using dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyst by melt polycondensation. The siloxane‐containing copolyesters were characterized by infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, solution viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The effect of incorporation of siloxane moiety was studied on the properties of phenyl indane/DPT/DPI coplyester. The glass transition temperatures of copolyesters were decreased from 235 to 124°C by incorporation of 10% eugenol end‐capped siloxane without affecting the thermal properties. All copolyesters were found to be soluble in commonly used organic solvents and had film forming properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2668–2674, 2006