gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrency Control for Adaptive Indexing (2012)

Adaptive indexing initializes and optimizes indexes incrementally, as a side effect of query processing. The goal is to achieve the benefits of indexes while hiding or minimizing the costs of index creation. However, index-optimizing side effects seem to turn read-only queries into update transactions that might, for example, create lock contention. This paper studies concurrency control in the context of adaptive indexing. We show that the design and implementation of adaptive indexing rigorously separates index structures from index contents; this relaxes the constraints and requirements during adaptive indexing compared to those of traditional index updates. Our design adapts to the fact that an adaptive index is refined continuously, and exploits any concurrency opportunities in a dynamic way. A detailed experimental analysis demonstrates that (a) adaptive indexing maintains its adaptive properties even when running concurrent queries, (b) adaptive indexing can exploit the opportunity for parallelism due to concurrent queries, (c) the number of concurrency conflicts and any concurrency administration overheads follow an adaptive behavior, decreasing as the workload evolves and adapting to the workload needs.
High-power semiconductor edge-emitting light-emitting diodes for optical low coherence reflectometry (1995)

A new semiconductor source was designed for optical low coherence reflectometry, increasing the sidelobe-free dynamic range by three to five orders of magnitude compared to conventional EELED's. Reflectivities internal to an optical fiber circuit separated by as much as eight orders of magnitude can now be detected at wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, using compact semiconductor sources. For applications not requiring sidelobe-free operation, the same devices can be operated at high current (200 mA) and low temperatures (near 0/spl deg/C) to produce nearly 1 mW of 1.5 /spl mu/m emission coupled into single-mode fiber. The resulting wavelength spectrum is smooth, enabling fiber-based absorption spectral measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF THE 5‐BENZO(D)NAPHTHO(2,3‐B)PYRAN SYSTEM DURING AN ATTEMPTED BENZOPHENANTHRIDINE SYNTHESIS (1981)

Abstract Aus dem substituierten 2‐Isonitroso‐indanon (I) erhält man das Reduktionsprodukt (II), das sich mit Tosylchlorid zum Nitril‐aldehyd (IIIa) umlagert und weiter in das Imin (IIIb) übergeführt wird.
High precision fabrication of polarization insensitive resonant subwavelength gratings (2012)

Resonant subwavelength gratings have been designed and fabricated as wavelength-specific reflectors for application as a rotary position encoder utilizing ebeam based photolithography. The first grating design used a two-dimensional layout to provide polarization insensitivity with separate layers for the grating and waveguide. The resulting devices had excellent pattern fidelity and the resonance peaks and widths closely matched the expected results. Unfortunately, the gratings were particularly angle sensitive and etch depth errors led to shifts in the center wavelength of the resonances. A second design iteration resulted in a double grating period to reduce the angle sensitivity as well as different materials and geometry; the grating and waveguide being the same layer. The inclusion of etch stop layers provided more accurate etch depths; however, the tolerance to changes in the grating duty cycle was much tighter. Results from these devices show the effects of small errors in the pattern fidelity. The fabrication process flows for both iterations of devices will be reviewed as well as the performance of the fabricated devices. A discussion of the relative merits of the various design choices provides insight into the importance of fabrication considerations during the design stage.
One Year of Just-In-Time Perforating as Multi-Stage Fracturing Technique for Horizontal Wells (2012)

Abstract In order to reduce stimulation costs, most conventional methods incorporate hydraulic fracturing of multiple perf clusters over multiple stages to treat large segments of shale rock in horizontally completed laterals. Under ideal situations, this technique would create equally-stimulated fractures at each perf cluster. However, in practice, such treatments can create overstimulation in some perf clusters and under-stimulation in others with unknown stimulated lengths and volumes. As operators move towards increased number of stages, increasingly larger number of plugs cause additional wireline trips and associated plug drilling time, which increases the total cost and mechanical risk of the completion. In some fields, operators use combinations of ball actuated sleeves and plug-and-perf methods due to technical limitations in drilling out of all the frac plugs. In response to these practical issues, ExxonMobil has implemented its proprietary Just-In-Time Perforating (JITP) technique in multiple horizontal wells over the last year. Prior to this deployment effort, JITP had been extensively used in vertical and S-shaped wells in the Piceance basin, Colorado. This paper discusses the learnings obtained after one year of multi-stage fracturing using horizontal JITP in unconventional plays. JITP creates multiple single-zone fracture stimulations on a single wireline run using ball-sealer diversion and perforating guns that remain downhole during fracturing. With the unique granularity of single-zone fracturing, much has been learned about the shale and treatment design. Better placement control can be useful in avoiding fracturing into offset wellbores. Field applications have confirmed the use of less horsepower, fewer frac plugs, improved fracture placement control, and added flexibility in water management. This paper also reviews technical considerations for other completion designs and fluid systems as well as opportunities for enhanced operations based on recent field learnings.
Synthesis and Properties of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystal/Silica Aerogel Hybrid Materials (2016)

Exploiting the chemical compatibility of transparent high surface area silica aerogels and environmentally benign luminescent silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) opens the door to a new class of silicon-based hybrid materials. Hydrophilic SiNCs of various sizes and surface groups that photoluminesce throughout the visible and NIR spectral regions were synthesized and incorporated into a tetramethyl orthosilicate containing solution to produce luminescent aerogels of varied transparency. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy performed on solutions and aerogel monoliths containing SiNCs reveal that the optical properties of SiNCs are dependent on their size and surface chemistry. Furthermore, the incorporation of SiNCs into aerogels does not influence their PL response. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements indicate that the physical properties of aerogels may be tailored by changing the SiNC size and surface chemistry. Adding to the appeal of the present work, PL quenching of SiNC-loaded aerogel upon exposure to nitrobenzene confirms that SiNCs remain chemically accessible.
Intermediates in the Formation of the Chlorophyll Isocyclic Ring (1985)

Cell-free, organelle-free synthesis of Mg-2,4-divinylpheoporphyrin a(5) (MgDVP) from Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (Mg-Proto Me) has been described (Wong and Castelfranco 1984 Plant Physiol 75: 658-661). This system consists of plastid membrane and stromal fractions and requires O(2), NAD(P)H and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The synthetic 6-methyl-beta-ketopropionate analog of Mg-Proto Me was converted to MgDVP by the same catalytic system in the presence of O(2) and NADPH. SAM was not required. A compound (X) displaying the kinetic behavior of an intermediate was isolated from reaction mixtures with Mg-Proto Me as the substrate, but not with the 6-methyl-beta-ketopropionate analog as the substrate. X was identified as the 6-methyl-beta-hydroxypropionate analog of Mg-Proto Me by conversion to the dimethyl ester with CH(2)N(2) and comparison with authentic 6-beta-hydroxydimethyl ester. X was converted to MgDVP by the same catalytic system in the presence of O(2) and NADPH. We conclude that the conversion of Mg-Proto Me to MgDVP proceeds through the 6-beta-hydroxy and the 6-beta-ketopropionate esters in agreement with earlier suggestions.
Field-effect memory transistors based on arrays of nanowires of a ferroelectric polymer (2015)

Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), is increasingly used in organic non-volatile memory devices, e.g., in ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs). Here, we report on FeFETs integrating nanoimprinted arrays of P(VDF-TrFE) nanowires. Two previously-unreported architectures are tested, the first one consisting of stacked P(VDF-TrFE) nanowires placed over a continuous semiconducting polymer film; the second one consisting of a nanostriped blend layer wherein the semiconducting and ferroelectric components alternate regularly. The devices exhibit significant reversible memory effects, with operating voltages reduced compared to their continuous film equivalent, and with different possible geometries of the channels of free charge carriers accumulating in the semiconductor.
A New Protecting Group for Phenols: Phenylthiomethyl (PTM) Ethers (1980)

Abstract Hemithioacetals have previously found utility as protecting groups for alcohols and phenols. In particular, the protection of alcohols2,3,4 and phenols5 as methylthiomethyl (MTM) ethers, and the facile hydrolysis of these ethers back to the parent alcohol or phenol have been reported. We now wish to report the use of phenylthiomethyl (PTM) ethers as phenolic protecting groups which may be differentiated from phenolic MTM ethers.
Towards InGaAs MSDRAM Capacitor-Less Cells (2018)

The viability of III-V capacitor-less DRAM cells is assessed by Synopsys TCAD simulations. In particular, the MSDRAM cell is built and analyzed using InGaAs materials. Preliminary results prove distinct current levels according to the previous programming operation successfully validating the memory capabilities and motivating further investigation
Enhanced coupling strength grating out-couplers in III–V waveguides (2016)

A thin, low-index liner layer and a high-index cover layer over a surface grating in a III–V waveguide theoretically increases the outcoupling efficiency by one or two orders of magnitude. The liner and cover layer also reduces losses between waveguide components such as distributed feedback (DBR) or grating out-coupler region.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (2012)

Patients with PHAPS were more likely than controls to have mitral valve disease, skin disease, CNS involvement, and pregnancy morbidity as well as high-titer APS. PHAPS seems to be a unique subgroup of all patients with APS.
Strongly Enhanced Tunneling at Total Charge Neutrality in Double-Bilayer Graphene-WSe2 Heterostructures (2018)

We report the experimental observation of strongly enhanced tunneling between graphene bilayers through a WSe_{2} barrier when the graphene bilayers are populated with carriers of opposite polarity and equal density. The enhanced tunneling increases sharply in strength with decreasing temperature, and the tunneling current exhibits a vertical onset as a function of interlayer voltage at a temperature of 1.5 K. The strongly enhanced tunneling at overall neutrality departs markedly from single-particle model calculations that otherwise match the measured tunneling current-voltage characteristics well, and suggests the emergence of a many-body state with condensed interbilayer excitons when electrons and holes of equal densities populate the two layers.
A Multi-Standards HDTV Video Decoder for Blu-Ray Disc Standard (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Coverage Increase at THz Frequencies: A Cooperative Rate-Splitting Approach (2022)

Numerous studies claim that terahertz (THz) communication will be an essential piece of sixth-generation wireless communication systems. Its promising potential also comes with major challenges, in particular the reduced coverage due to harsh propagation loss, hardware constraints, and blockage vulnerability. To increase the coverage of THz communication, we revisit cooperative communication. We propose a new type of cooperative rate-splitting (CRS) called extraction-based CRS (eCRS). Furthermore, we explore two extreme cases of eCRS, namely, identical eCRS and distinct eCRS. To enable the proposed eCRS framework, we design a novel THz cooperative channel model by considering unique characteristics of THz communication. Through mathematical derivations and convex optimization techniques considering the THz cooperative channel model, we derive local optimal solutions for the two cases of eCRS and a global optimal closed form solution for a specific scenario. Finally, we propose a novel channel estimation technique that not only specifies the channel value, but also the time delay of the channel from each cooperating user equipment to fully utilize the THz cooperative channel. In simulation results, we verify the validity of the two cases of our proposed framework and channel estimation technique.
Online Video as a Social Activity (2011)

Online video is one of the Internet’s most popular services. In addition to entertainment, it can provide a social experience. This chapter describes several design decisions related to incorporating a live chat feature alongside online video, and how these decisions could influence the entertainment and social dimensions of the viewing experience. Two laboratory studies explore issues of distraction, entertainment and sociability when integrating live chat with online video. Surprisingly, these studies show that despite being distracting, chat with video can be enjoyable and sociable. Researchers and practitioners need to explore the generality of this finding both for different genres of content and interaction media and for small and large viewing audiences. The chapter concludes by looking at new models for online video and chat and the implications of those models on sociability.
Large Co Cluster Deposition on Naturally and Artificially Patterned Substrates (2002)

International audience
Iterative Multi-document Neural Attention for Multiple Answer Prediction (2017)

People have information needs of varying complexity, which can be solved by an intelligent agent able to answer questions formulated in a proper way, eventually considering user context and preferences. In a scenario in which the user profile can be considered as a question, intelligent agents able to answer questions can be used to find the most relevant answers for a given user. In this work we propose a novel model based on Artificial Neural Networks to answer questions with multiple answers by exploiting multiple facts retrieved from a knowledge base. The model is evaluated on the factoid Question Answering and top-n recommendation tasks of the bAbI Movie Dialog dataset. After assessing the performance of the model on both tasks, we try to define the long-term goal of a conversational recommender system able to interact using natural language and to support users in their information seeking processes in a personalized way.
Spectrally-encoded color imaging (2009)

Spectrally-encoded endoscopy (SEE) is a technique for ultraminiature endoscopy that encodes each spatial location on the sample with a different wavelength. One limitation of previous incarnations of SEE is that it inherently creates monochromatic images, since the spectral bandwidth is expended in the spatial encoding process. Here we present a spectrally-encoded imaging system that has color imaging capability. The new imaging system utilizes three distinct red, green, and blue spectral bands that are configured to illuminate the grating at different incident angles. By careful selection of the incident angles, the three spectral bands can be made to overlap on the sample. To demonstrate the method, a bench-top system was built, comprising a 2400-lpmm grating illuminated by three 525-microm-diameter beams with three different spectral bands. Each spectral band had a bandwidth of 75 nm, producing 189 resolvable points. A resolution target, color phantoms, and excised swine small intestine were imaged to validate the system's performance. The color SEE system showed qualitatively and quantitatively similar color imaging performance to that of a conventional digital camera.
552: Forced Versus Minimal Intravenous Hydration in the Management of Acute Renal Colic: A Prospective, Randomized Trial (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Sunday, May 21, 2006, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 2006552: Forced Versus Minimal Intravenous Hydration in the Management of Acute Renal Colic: A Prospective, Randomized Trial W. Patrick Springhart, Kristy M. Borawski, Charles G. Marguet, Regina D. Norris, Roger L. Sur, Charles A. Gerardo, David M. Albala, and Glenn M. Preminger W. Patrick SpringhartW. Patrick Springhart More articles by this author , Kristy M. BorawskiKristy M. Borawski More articles by this author , Charles G. MarguetCharles G. Marguet More articles by this author , Regina D. NorrisRegina D. Norris More articles by this author , Roger L. SurRoger L. Sur More articles by this author , Charles A. GerardoCharles A. Gerardo More articles by this author , David M. AlbalaDavid M. Albala More articles by this author , and Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32798-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "552: Forced Versus Minimal Intravenous Hydration in the Management of Acute Renal Colic: A Prospective, Randomized Trial." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 179 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 179 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information W. Patrick Springhart More articles by this author Kristy M. Borawski More articles by this author Charles G. Marguet More articles by this author Regina D. Norris More articles by this author Roger L. Sur More articles by this author Charles A. Gerardo More articles by this author David M. Albala More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Efficient Learning of Generative Models via Finite-Difference Score\n Matching (2020)

Several machine learning applications involve the optimization of\nhigher-order derivatives (e.g., gradients of gradients) during training, which\ncan be expensive in respect to memory and computation even with automatic\ndifferentiation. As a typical example in generative modeling, score matching\n(SM) involves the optimization of the trace of a Hessian. To improve computing\nefficiency, we rewrite the SM objective and its variants in terms of\ndirectional derivatives, and present a generic strategy to efficiently\napproximate any-order directional derivative with finite difference (FD). Our\napproximation only involves function evaluations, which can be executed in\nparallel, and no gradient computations. Thus, it reduces the total\ncomputational cost while also improving numerical stability. We provide two\ninstantiations by reformulating variants of SM objectives into the FD forms.\nEmpirically, we demonstrate that our methods produce results comparable to the\ngradient-based counterparts while being much more computationally efficient.\n
Precise Engineering of Multifunctional PEGylated Polyester Nanoparticles for Cancer Cell Targeting and Imaging (2014)

Multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles for cancer cell targeting and imaging have been designed by a combination of ring-opening polymerization and “click” chemistry. Nanoparticles containing both a targeting ligand and a fluorescent probe were prepared by blending PLA-b-PEG–ligand, PLA-b-PEG–fluorescent probe, and PLA-b-PEG–OMe copolymers at the molar ratios necessary to achieve the desired surface ligand and fluorescent probe densities. This strategy has been illustrated by the preparation of a large library of a variety of nanoparticles, such as ligand-decorated nanoparticles (with biotin, folic acid or anisamide), fluorescent nanoparticles (UV–vis or near-infrared dyes), and multifunctional nanoparticles decorated with a targeting ligand and a fluorescent probe. Successful targeting was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance and in vitro experiments on different cancer cell lines.
Safety Outcomes Following Spine and Cranial Neurosurgery: Evidence From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2017)

After controlling for demographic characteristics, preoperative comorbidities, and perioperative factors, cranial surgery had higher risk for mortality compared with spine surgery despite lower risk for other complications. These findings highlight a discrepancy in the risk for postoperative complications following neurosurgical procedures that requires emphasis within quality improvement initiatives.
Interfacial Widths of Conjugated Polymer Bilayers (2009)

The interfaces of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) bilayers cast from differential solvents are shown by resonant soft X-ray reflectivity (RSoXR) to be very smooth and sharp. The chemical interdiffusion due to casting is limited to less than 0.6 nm, and the interface created is thus nearly "molecularly" sharp. These results demonstrate for the first time and with high precision that the nonpolar MEH-PPV layer is not much disturbed by casting the CPE layer from a polar solvent. A baseline is established for understanding the role of interfacial structure in determining the performance of CPE-based polymer light-emitting diodes. More broadly, we anticipate further applications of RSoXR as an important tool in achieving a deeper understanding of other multilayer organic optoelectronic devices, including multilayer photovoltaic devices.
On the Evolution of Multi-Cell Scheduling in 3GPP LTE / LTE-A (2012)

This paper provides a holistic overview of multi-cell scheduling strategies in emerging wireless systems. Towards this objective, the evolution of interference management techniques is thoroughly investigated from simple inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) techniques towards more advanced coordinated multipoint transmissions (CoMP), while comparing and contrasting their common features and differences. Finally CoMP is explored in detail as an advanced and challenging mechanism to fully cooperate between adjacent cells in order to have an efficient resource allocation and inter-cell interference mitigation in multi-cell environments.
Tangled Webs: Evidence of Cross-Talk Between c-Raf-1 and Akt (1999)

The apparent cross-communication that can occur between different cell signaling pathways indicates that some signaling mechanisms may be more complex than originally envisaged. Jun et al. discuss recent studies suggesting that two signaling pathways that can be activated by the same growth factor receptor, the Ras-Raf pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)--Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, can integrate with each other to generate a particular response, depending on the cell type and the stage of cell differentiation.