gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stromal Cell–Derived Inducing Activity, Nurr1, and Signaling Molecules Synergistically Induce Dopaminergic Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

To induce differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into specialized cell types for therapeutic purposes, it may be desirable to combine genetic manipulation and appropriate differentiation signals. We studied the induction of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mouse ESCs by overexpressing the transcription factor Nurr1 and coculturing with PA6 stromal cells. Nurr1-expressing ESCs (N2 and N5) differentiated into a higher number of neurons (approximately twofold) than the naïve ESCs (D3). In addition, N2/N5-derived cells contained a significantly higher proportion (>50%) of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ neurons than D3 (<30%) and an even greater proportion of TH+ neurons (approximately 90%) when treated with the signaling molecules sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 8, and ascorbic acid. N2/N5-derived cells express much higher levels of DA markers (e.g., TH, dopamine transporter, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and G protein-regulated inwardly rectifying K+ channel 2) and produce and release a higher level of dopamine, compared with D3-derived cells. Furthermore, the majority of generated neurons exhibited electrophysiological properties characteristic of midbrain DA neurons. Finally, transplantation experiments showed efficient in vivo integration/generation of TH+ neurons after implantation into mouse striatum. Taken together, our results show that the combination of genetic manipulation(s) and in vitro cell differentiation conditions offers a reliable and effective induction of DA neurons from ESCs and may pave the way for future cell transplantation therapy in Parkinson's disease.
Spatial and temporal assays to determine the dynamics of protein localisation and organelle movement in single living cells (2002)

Visualisation and monitoring of protein localisation and function using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tagged proteins is a well-established approach. We have sought to develop robust assays for quantifying the dynamic localisation of proteins at the single cell level. This approach allows us to determine properties of trafficking wild-type proteins and their mutated counterparts. It provides a functional genomics approach to screening drug effects and investigating the consequence of protein mutations. This opens the door to using combined GFP-tagging and laser scanning microscopy in a high-content medium-through-put arena.
Comprehensive gene-expression profile in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (2008)

The gene-expression pattern was well correlated with the clinical appearance in murine OIR. These findings should contribute to the understanding of the pathological conditions in ROP.
Wanna Make Your TCP Scheme Great for Cellular Networks? Let Machines Do\n It for You! (2019)

Can we instead of designing just another new TCP, design a TCP\n\\textit{plug-in} which can boost the performance of the existing/future TCP\ndesigns in cellular networks? To answer this question, we introduce DeepCC\nplug-in. DeepCC leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL), a modern\ndecision-making tool, to steer TCP toward achieving applications' desired delay\nand high throughput in a highly dynamic network such as the cellular network.\nThe fact that DeepCC does not try to reinvent/replace TCP but aims to boost the\nperformance of it differentiates it from the most (if not all) of the existing\nreinforcement learning (RL) systems where RL systems are considered clean-slate\nalternative designs replacing the traditional ones.\n We used DeepCC plug-in to boost the performance of various old and new TCP\nschemes including TCP Cubic, Google's BBR, TCP Westwood, and TCP Illinois in\ncellular networks. Through both extensive trace-based evaluations and in-field\ntests, we show that not only DeepCC can significantly improve the performance\nof TCP, but also after accompanied by DeepCC, these schemes can outperform\nstate-of-the-art TCP protocols including Aurora, Sprout, Verus, C2TCP, Copa,\nIndigo, Remy, PCC-Vivace, and LEDBAT in cellular networks.\n
Towards clinical CEST-MRF: whole brain snapshot CEST MR Fingerprinting at 3T using spin-lock saturation and a centric 3D-EPI readout (2020)

Quantitative CEST imaging is still not applied in clinical routine, as both quantification and whole brain coverage require usually long scan times. In this work, we present a CEST-MRF protocol using spin-lock saturation pulses and a fast 3D-EPI readout with whole brain coverage. This enables a fast generation of quantitative amide proton concentration maps of the entire brain at a clinical scanner.
Receiver design for optical inter-satellite links based on digital signal processing (2016)

We present a comparison of homodyne and intradyne detection schemes for high-order modulation formats in optical inter-satellite communication systems. The homodyne detection based on optical PLL techniques is numerically investigated for BPSK and QPSK transmission. We compare this scheme with intradyne detection based on digital frequency offset and phase noise compensation as an approach for future flexible software defined systems. We explain the applied algorithms and present numerical simulations in terms of receiver sensitivity in order to show that digital frequency offset compensation is a promising solution in OISL for increasing the data rate and lowering the system complexity.
Fast and Accurate Edge Computing Energy Modeling and DVFS Implementation in GEM5 Using System Call Emulation Mode (2020)

Abstract Stringent power budgets in battery powered platforms have led to the development of energy saving techniques such as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency scaling (DVFS). For embedded system designers to be able to ripe the benefits of these techniques, support for efficient design space exploration must be available in system level simulators. The advent of the edge computing paradigm, with power constraints in the mW domain, has rendered this even more essential. Without a fast and accurate methodology for architecture simulation and energy estimation, the benefit of new ideas and solutions cannot be evaluated. In this paper, we propose a non-intrusive application controlled DVFS management implementation in the GEM5 simulator, used with GEM5’s system call emulation mode. We also propose a novel architecture independent energy model based on categorization of different measurable workload classes. Our energy model is parametrized and calibrated with power measurements on a SAM4L microcontroller board, containing an ARM Cortex M4 processor. Together with the GEM5 output statistics, the model accurately estimates the total energy consumption of our simulated system. The results from our modified GEM5 simulator are validated with representative signal processing applications. After correction of systematic offset errors, our results deviate with less than 4% compared to measurements from the SAM4L microcontroller. Our contributions in this paper can easily be tailored to other processor models in GEM5 and to future versions of GEM5. It will therefore enable system architects to explore new techniques and compare the improvements relative to existing architectures.
Dry Pressure Drop in Rotating Packed Beds—Systematic Experimental Studies (2017)

In rotating packed beds (RPBs) centrifugal forces are exploited in order to intensify the mass transfer between different phases. In order to derive correlations describing the hydrodynamics and the mass transfer in RPBs and to improve the understanding of fundamentals, comprehensive and systematic experimental investigations are required. The present study focuses on the dry pressure drop that was investigated for different packing materials and rotor dimensions. The pressure drop induced by rotation, defined as centrifugal head, mainly depends on the outer diameter of the rotor. The frictional pressure drop in the packed bed depends on the rotor dimensions and the packing properties as well as on the operating conditions. Existing correlations do not predict the pressure drop accurately; thus, a modified correlation basing on the extended channel model is proposed, estimating the dry pressure drop in RPBs with deviations below ±15% for knit meshes and metal foams for rotors with outer packing diameters of 0.36 and 0.56 m.
Pathobiology of the C-cells. (1993)

This brief review of the pathobiology of C-cells has stressed cellular and molecular aspects of MTC development. In the genetic forms of MTC, an alteration in one or more genes on chromosome 10, through an as yet unknown series of events, results in initial hyperproliferation of C-cells. Subsequent genetic steps, possibly at other chromosome loci, presumably result in selected clonal transformation of the hyperproliferative C-cells at risk for tumor development. Some of these same molecular events are probably operative in the development of sporadic MTC as well. Once MTC has developed, it has the potential to undergo tumor progression events which result in loss of C-cell differentiation. Studies in a culture model of these events have revealed that activation of signal transduction pathways, similar to those active in differentiation of other neural crest-derived cells, can restore differentiation features of normal C-cells to MTC. Continued identification of the molecular factors mediating this restoration should teach us much about the relationships between general neural crest differentiation and that of normal C-cells. It will also reveal much about the pathobiology of C-cells contributing to each step of MTC development.
Hollow Nanotubes of N‐Doped Carbon on CoS (2016)

Low-cost, single-step synthesis of hollow nanotubes of N-doped carbon deposited on CoS is enabled by the simultaneous use of three functionalities of polyacrylonitrite (PAN) nanofibers: 1) a substrate for loading active materials, 2) a sacrificial template for creating hollow tubular structures, and 3) a precursor for in situ nitrogen doping. The N-doped carbon in hollow tubes of CoS provides a high-capacity anode of long cycle life for a rechargeable Li-ion or Na-ion battery cell that undergoes the conversion reaction 2 A<sup>+</sup> +2 e<sup>-</sup> +CoS →Co+A<sub>2</sub> S with A=Li or Na.
Studying students’ attitudes towards science from a cultural perspective but with a quantitative methodology: border crossing into the physics classroom (2005)

This study applies the concept of cultural border (or boundary) crossing first introduced by Phelan et al. (1991 Phelan, P, Davidson, AL and Cao, HT. (1991). Students multiple worlds — Negotiating the boundaries of family, peer, and school cultures. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 22: 224–250. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to the investigation of students’ attitudes towards physics and to their choice of physics for A‐level. A typology of border crossings is introduced and a number of possible crossings are hypothesized; for example, family background (parents’ occupation and thinking style), low general school interest among family and peers, students’ non‐scientific perception of knowledge, their ‘more‐than‐just‐absorption’ purposes of knowledge‐acquisition and other value‐related judgements. The quantitative methodology used here makes it possible to build regression models of students’ attitudes and compare the possible impact of the border crossings with that of personality variables and teacher and teaching style characteristics. It is found that cultural border crossing factors are important predictors for attitudes towards physics as well as for choice of A‐level physics in the Danish upper secondary school (‘gymnasium’).
Abstract 2525: JL1 is a cell surface molecule of acute leukemia blasts: Potential for targeted immunotherapy (2012)

Abstract Background: Acute leukemia in adults is associated with poor prognosis, with many patients suffering from treatment-resistant relapse. Novel targeted therapies are needed. JL1 was identified as an extracellular glycoform of the cell surface protein sialophorin (CD43). We tested monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for JL1 that are not immunoreactive to the common form of CD43. We characterized JL1 expression in primary acute leukemia blasts and explored the therapeutic potential of these antibodies against acute leukemia. Methods: Fresh peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate samples from acute leukemia patients, healthy donors, or leukemia cell lines were used for expression studies by flow cytometry (FC) with a monoclonal antibody against JL1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed on normal human tissues. A saporin-conjugated anti-JL1 mAb was used to evaluate the proliferation-inhibition and apoptosis-induction against leukemia cell lines in vitro and primary acute leukemia cells ex vivo. A mouse engraftment model with primary acute leukemia cells was established to investigate the in vivo effect of the JL1 mAb. Results: By IHC, JL1 expression was found in normal human thymocytes FC showed that JL1 was not detectable on normal peripheral blood cells (n=3). FC assay of acute leukemia blasts showed that 85.7% (18 of 20 acute myeloid leukemia and 6 of 8 acute lymphoblastic leukemia) of cases expressed JL1. A saporin-conjugated anti-JL1 mAb was capable of mediating dose-dependent proliferation-inhibition and apoptosis-induction in CEM-7 leukemia cells. The effect of proliferation-inhibition of anti-JL1-saporin on different cell lines appears to be related to JL-1 expression level. Preliminary data also shows this toxin-conjugated mAb displayed effects of 1) proliferation-inhibition on primary JL1+ acute leukemia blasts while control antibody-saporin had no detectable activity; 2) inhibition of colony formation of primary leukemia cells in a soft agar assay. A SCID/CEM-7 xenograft mouse model indicates that JL1 mAb treatment prolongs survival. We are currently testing the in vivo efficacy of JL1-saporin conjugate in primary acute leukemia blast-engrafted NSG mouse model. Conclusion: JL1 is a cell surface antigen expressed in majority of acute leukemia blasts while it is not detectable in normal human blood cells. JL1 mAbs are capable of inhibiting proliferation and mediating apoptosis in cell lines and primary acute leukemia cells when mAb is conjugated to saporin. Mouse xenograft data demonstrates the anti-tumor potential of JL1 mAb in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that JL1 is a promising target in the treatment of acute leukemia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2525. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2525
Protein Focusing in a Conductivity Gradient (1998)

Conductivity gradient focusing (CGF) is one member of a family of gradient focusing techniques, characterized by two opposing forces which produce a dynamic equilibrium and which are able to simultaneously separate and concentrate proteins. In CGF, the two counteracting forces result from a constant convective flow of buffer opposed by an electric field gradient. This gradient in the electric field is formed by gradually decreasing buffer conductivity, i.e., when a slow-moving, relatively high conductivity buffer is dialyzed against a low conductivity purge buffer. This paper presents the design of an analytical-scale CGF device and the results of several experiments with colored proteins, both in free solution and with the use of a 45 micron size-exclusion (SEC) packing to decrease dispersion. Experimental results with hemoglobin suggest that CGF may one day be capable of resolving proteins with small charge differences. A linear computer model of conductivity gradient focusing is derived, and some suggestions are made for further development of this new electrophoretic method.
Strain-induced lateral confinement of excitons in GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well microstructures (1988)

We report evidence for lateral confinement of excitons within a continuous two-dimensional GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well. The confinement to ‘‘wires’’ within the well was produced by partially etching a pattern through the upper AlGaAs barrier. We propose a new mechanism, that of patterned strain, for lateral quantum confinement of carriers in semiconductor microstructures, to explain our results.
Abstract 4402: Fsn0503: A novel therapeutic antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer (2010)

Abstract Local invasion and metastasis is the primary cause of death in many cancers. Extracellular matrix degradation by proteolytic enzymes facilitates tumour invasion into the surrounding tissue, eventually leading to metastatic spread of the disease. Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a lysosomal cysteine protease, which has been shown to play a role in promoting tumour invasion and angiogenesis. CTSS has been found to be overexpressed and secreted in a number of cancer tissues including astrocytoma and prostate. We have developed Fsn0503, a novel antibody that targets and inhibits the extracellular activity of CTSS. Fsn0503 specifically binds to and inhibits the activity of CTSS. It significantly attenuates invasion of a range of colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines in vitro (e.g. HCT116 64% at 200nM). Fsn0503 also demonstrates anti-angiogenic effects; it significantly reduces microtubule formation by HUVEC cells in vitro and vessel outgrowth in the (ex vivo) rat aortic ring model. Fsn0503 also impairs tumour growth and vascularisaton in the HCT116 colorectal xenograft model and reduced metastatic burden in a 3LL metastatic model, with no signs of toxicity. As these data suggest a role for CTSS in CRC progression, we probed its expression pattern in a large-scale immunohistochemical study spanning five cohorts of patients (n=600). Greater than 90% of tumours show intense expression of CTSS compared with weak or undetectable expression in the normal colonic epithelium. Increased CTSS expression in lymph node metastatic tissue compared to normal tissue was also observed. These compelling results signify an important role for CTSS in malignant progression of CRC and accompanying metastases. Demonstration of in vivo efficacy highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting CTSS with an antibody. Overall, our data indicate that Fsn0503 is an exciting experimental therapeutic which has great clinical potential Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4402.
Unusual activation by solvent of the ethylene free radical polymerization (2011)

Ethylene polymerization is performed industrially either by radical polymerization under severe conditions (1000–4000 bar, 200–300 °C) or by a catalytic mechanism at lower temperatures (usually less than 100 °C) and pressures (below 50 bar). Standard radical polymerization conditions are too severe to permit a fine control of the macromolecular architecture. Under milder conditions (100 bar, 70 °C), radical ethylene polymerization is assumed ineffective which has been confirmed in bulk (supercritical ethylene). However, we have shown that the efficiency of this polymerization is strongly dependent on the solvent. This unusual activation by solvent has been rationalized using theoretical considerations. A second effect investigated is the influence of solvent on PE molecular weight. Indeed PE with either low molecular weight and high chain-end functionality or higher molecular weight can be synthesized according to the solvent used.
Continuous sensing of tumor-targeted molecular probes with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser-based biosensor (2012)

Molecular optical imaging is a widespread technique for interrogating molecular events in living subjects. However, current approaches preclude long-term, continuous measurements in awake, mobile subjects, a strategy crucial in several medical conditions. Consequently, we designed a novel, lightweight miniature biosensor for in vivo continuous optical sensing. The biosensor contains an enclosed vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser and an adjacent pair of near-infrared optically filtered detectors. We employed two sensors (dual sensing) to simultaneously interrogate normal and diseased tumor sites. Having established the sensors are precise with phantom and in vivo studies, we performed dual, continuous sensing in tumor (human glioblastoma cells) bearing mice using the targeted molecular probe cRGD-Cy5.5, which targets αVβ3 cell surface integrins in both tumor neovasculature and tumor. The sensors capture the dynamic time-activity curve of the targeted molecular probe. The average tumor to background ratio after signal calibration for cRGD-Cy5.5 injection is approximately 2.43±0.95 at 1 h and 3.64±1.38 at 2 h (N=5 mice), consistent with data obtained with a cooled charge coupled device camera. We conclude that our novel, portable, precise biosensor can be used to evaluate both kinetics and steady state levels of molecular probes in various disease applications.
Biophysical characterization of M1476I, a sodium channel founder mutation associated with cold‐induced myotonia in French Canadians (2012)

M1476I, a French Canadian founder mutation of Na⁺ channel Nav1.4, causes potassium-aggravated myotonia, with cold-induced myotonia as the most distinctive clinical feature. Mexiletine, a class 1B local anaesthetic, relieves the myotonic symptoms of patients carrying the M1476I mutation. We used the patch-clamp method to investigate the functional characteristics of this mutation by heterologous expression in tsA201 cells. The M1476I mutation caused an increased persistent Na⁺ current, a 2- to 3-fold slower fast inactivation, a 6.4 mV depolarizing shift in the midpoint of steady-state inactivation, and an accelerated recovery from fast inactivation compared to the wild-type (WT) channel. Cooling slowed the kinetics of both channel types and increased the amplitude of the persistent current in M1476I channels.Mexiletine suppressed the persistent Na⁺ current generated by the M1476I mutation and blocked both WT and M1476I channels in a use- dependent manner. The inactivation-deficient M1476I channels were less susceptible to mexiletine during repetitive pulses. The decreased use-dependent block of M1476I channels might have resulted from the slower onset of mexiletine block, and/or the faster recovery from mexiletine block, given that the affinity of mexiletine for the inactivated state of the WT and mutant channels was similar. Increased extracellular concentrations of potassium had no effect on either M1476I or WT currents. These results indicated that cooling can augment the disruption of the voltage dependence of fast inactivation by M1476I channels.
An H.264/AVC High422 profile and MPEG-2 422 profile encoder LSI for HDTV broadcasting infrastructures (2008)

An H.264/AVC encoder LSI (named SARA/E) that supports High422 profile, as well as 422 profile of MPEG-2, has been developed for HDTV broadcasting infrastructures. It contains 257GOPS motion estimation and compensation (ME/MC) engines with search ranges of -271.75 to +199.75 (H) /-109.75 to +145.75 (V), which can utilize almost all H.264/AVC ME/MC tools, multiple reference frame, variable block size, 1/4-pel prediction, macroblock adaptive field/frame prediction, temporal/spatial direct mode, and weighted prediction. Our evaluations show that it can encode fast moving scenes with 1.2 to 1.7 dB higher than the JM. It was successfully fabricated in a 90 nm 9level metal CMOS technology. It integrates 140 million transistors.