gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power-law Kinetics and Determinant Criteria for the Preclusion of Multistationarity in Networks of Interacting Species (2012)

We present determinant criteria for the preclusion of non-degenerate multiple steady states in networks of interacting species. A network is modeled as a system of ordinary differential equations in which the form of the species formation rate function is restricted by the reactions of the network and how the species influence each reaction. We characterize families of so-called power-law kinetics for which the associated species formation rate function is injective within each stoichiometric class and thus the network cannot exhibit multistationarity. The criterion for power-law kinetics is derived from the determinant of the Jacobian of the species formation rate function. Using this characterization we further derive similar determinant criteria applicable to general sets of kinetics. The criteria are conceptually simple, computationally tractable and easily implemented. Our approach embraces and extends previous work on multistationarity, such as work in relation to chemical reaction networks with dynamics defined by mass-action or non-catalytic kinetics, and also work based on graphical analysis of the interaction graph associated to the system. Further, we interpret the criteria in terms of circuits in the so-called DSR-graph
Off-Resonance Angiography: A New Method to Depict Vessels—Phantom and Rabbit Studies (2008)

IRON MR angiography in conjunction with superparamagnetic nanoparticle administration provides high intravascular contrast over a long time and without the need for image subtraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Siloxybutylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Lewis Acid Mediated Ring Opening of Tetrahydrofuran with Lithiated Hydrazones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Humanism and medicine]. (2002)

WITH THE PROGRESS MADE IN KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNIQUES: Therapeutic efficacy has advanced. However, interrogations concerning the control of the power that is conferred and the new obligations towards patients that stem from this progress have emerged and, further to the sinister ethical deviations in medical research and testing, and the supreme temptation that is represented by the money involved, questioning has increased. THE NUREMBERG CODE: Promulgated in December 1947, is the founder text of modern biomedical ethics. Subsequently completed by numerous other international conventions, it established the principle of voluntary, informed consent, therefore confirming the autonomy of the patient and the respect that is due from the physicians. However, questions arise not only regarding the foetus and embryo, but also regarding those reaching the end of their lives. CONCERNING EMBRYOS: No contradiction is apparent between the singularity of the human embryo and the use of embryos destined to be destroyed in highly scientific and moral quality research projects. With regard to the development of methods for producing cloned human embryos, it appears to be associated with greater risks than establishing urgent and necessary steps towards fulfilling the promises of regenerating medicine. Last but not least, deviations in reproductive biology and clinical trials conducted in this field, with relentless procreation and "human studies", must be denounced. AT THE OTHER END OF LIFE: It is worrying to note the apparent facility with which our societies consider that old age is an indignity. To call knowledge a 'power' is to consider that such power can be used not only to relieve suffering but also to manipulate others. The humanistic finality of an intention is not sufficient to guarantee neither its benignity nor its morality.
Probing the Limits of the Majority-Rules Principle in a Dynamic Supramolecular Polymer (2009)

By systematic variation of the chemical structure of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derivatives, the effect of chemical structure on the amplification of chirality was studied and quantified. In combination with temperature-dependent amplification experiments, the limits of the majority-rules principle were also investigated. For all BTA derivatives a high, constant helix reversal penalty was determined, which is related to the intermolecular hydrogen bonds that are present in all studied derivatives. For asymmetrically substituted BTA derivatives an odd-even effect was found in the degree of chiral amplification when changing the position of the stereogenic center with respect to the amide functionality. It was found that the mismatch penalty could be directly related to the number of stereocenters present in the molecules. Increasing this number from one to three resulted in an increase in this energy penalty while leaving the helix reversal penalty unaffected. For the majority-rules principle this implies that a single stereocenter present in the molecule contains sufficient chiral information at the molecular level to result in a chirally amplified state at the supramolecular level. Further evidence that the mismatch penalty is directly related to the number of stereocenters was obtained from mixed majority-rules experiments where two BTA derivatives with different numbers of stereocenters with opposite stereoconfiguration were studied in a majority-rules experiment. Finally, the ultimate limits of chiral amplification for the majority-rules principle were investigated, revealing that, given a certain helix reversal penalty, there is an optimum to which the mismatch penalty can be reduced while also enhancing the degree of chiral amplification. Temperature-dependent majority-rules experiments could indeed confirm these simulations. These findings show the relevance of both energy penalties when trying to enhance the degree of chiral amplification for the majority-rules principle in a one-dimensional helical supramolecular polymer.
Scalable Quantum Networks: Congestion-Free Hierarchical Entanglement Routing with Error Correction (2023)

We introduce Quantum Tree Networks (QTN), an architecture for hierarchical multi-flow entanglement routing. The network design is a $k$-ary tree where end nodes are situated on the leaves and routers at the internal nodes, with each node connected to $k$ nodes in the child layer. The channel length between nodes grows with a rate $a_k$, increasing as one ascends from the leaf to the root node. This construction allows for congestion-free and error-corrected operation with qubit-per-node overhead to scale sublinearly with the number of end nodes, $N$. The overhead for a $k$-ary QTN scales as $\mathcal{O}(N^{\log_k a_k} \cdot \log_k N)$ and is sublinear for all $k$ with minimal surface-covering end nodes. More specifically, the overhead of quarternary ($k=4$) QTN is $\sim \mathcal{O}(N^{0.25}\cdot\log_4 N)$. Alternatively, when end nodes are distributed over a square lattice, the quaternary tree routing gives the overhead $\sim \mathcal{O}(\sqrt{N}\cdot\log_4 N)$. Our network-level simulations demonstrate a size-independent threshold behavior of QTNs. Moreover, tree network routing avoids the necessity for intricate multi-path finding algorithms, streamlining the network operation. With these properties, the QTN architecture satisfies crucial requirements for scalable quantum networks.
Novel measuring method of urethane-foam mattress deformation using X-ray CT (2018)

A novel method to measure the deformation of a urethane-foam object using an X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) technique was proposed and examined. The proposed method is made up of following two steps. First, X-ray sensitive 'contrast media' were drawn in lattice-like manner on top and bottom surfaces and internal planes of urethane-foam, which enabled visualization of the drawn positions in CT images. Second, position data of contrast media were then converted into the numerical values in a prescribed coordinate to measure the deformation. It was found that the contrast media successfully visualized outer and internal displacement with the urethane-foam deformation, and the comprehensive error of measurement was 0.3 mm in root mean square. As a trial for further practical purpose, the deformation of the urethane-foam mattress with a human-body model on it was measured using this method. A urethane-foam mattress with contrast media was prepared, a human trunk model was set on the mattress, and the mattress with the model was subjected to X-ray CT. The deformation state at surface of, and especially inside of, the mattress could be visualized and measured. We concluded that the proposed method could bring us an information on deformation state of the urethane-foam and the urethane-foam mattress as numerical values.
Calculation of Entropic Terms Governing Nanoparticle Self-Assembly in Polymer Films (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCalculation of Entropic Terms Governing Nanoparticle Self-Assembly in Polymer FilmsErin S. McGarrity*†, Phillip M. Duxbury‡, Michael E. Mackay†, and Amalie L. Frischknecht§View Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185* To whom correspondence should be addressed.†Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University.‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, Michigan State University.§Sandia National Laboratories.Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 15, 5952–5954Publication Date (Web):July 17, 2008Publication History Received2 May 2008Revised24 June 2008Published online17 July 2008Published inissue 1 August 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma801003ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma801003ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views658Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Entropy,Free energy,Nanoparticles,Phase transitions,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Adiponectin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Suppression of Endothelial Cell Activation (2011)

Adiponectin (APN) is an adipose tissue-derived factor with anti-inflammatory and vascular protective properties whose levels paradoxically decrease with increasing body fat. In this study, APN's role in the early development of ALI to LPS was investigated. Intratracheal LPS elicited an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in APN-deficient (APN(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (wt) littermates. Increased lung injury and inflammation were observed in APN(-/-) mice as early as 4 h after delivery of LPS. Targeted gene expression profiling performed on immune and endothelial cells isolated from lung digests 4 h after LPS administration showed increased proinflammatory gene expression (e.g., IL-6) only in endothelial cells of APN(-/-) mice when compared with wt mice. Direct effects on lung endothelium were demonstrated by APN's ability to inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 production in primary human endothelial cells in culture. Furthermore, T-cadherin-deficient mice that have significantly reduced lung airspace APN but high serum APN levels had pulmonary inflammatory responses after intratracheal LPS that were similar to those of wt mice. These findings indicate the importance of serum APN in modulating LPS-induced ALI and suggest that conditions leading to hypoadiponectinemia (e.g., obesity) predispose to development of ALI through exaggerated inflammatory response in pulmonary vascular endothelium.
Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements for Estimating Milk Coagulation Time (1994)

An ultrasonic system has been developed to employ a pulse-transmission method of measurement during coagulation of rennetted milk. The ultrasonic waves were transmitted through the milk and the coagulation process was followed after adding the enzyme. The observed changes in ultrasonic attenuation during coagulation were used to predict the coagulation time indicating the onset of coagulation. Coagulation times were also determined by measuring the apparent viscosity of the coagulum as suggested in the literature. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (at 95% level) between the coagulation times determined by both methods. Thus, the ultrasonic method has potential for nondestructively estimating the coagulation time of rennetted milk. Determination of coagulation time is useful in evaluating the effectiveness of different enzymes under varying conditions.
Myositis-associated usual interstitial pneumonia has a better survival than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2016)

MA-UIP patients demonstrated a significant survival advantage over a matched IPF cohort, suggesting that despite similar histological and radiographic findings at presentation, the prognosis of MA-UIP is superior to that of IPF-UIP.
Collective Lasing Behavior of Monolithic GaN–InGaN Core–Shell Nanorod Lattice under Room Temperature (2017)

We demonstrated a monolithic GaN-InGaN core-shell nanorod lattice lasing under room temperature. The threshold pumping density was as low as 140 kW/cm<sup>2</sup> with a quality factor as high as 1940. The narrow mode spacing between lasing peaks suggested a strong coupling between adjacent whisper gallery modes (WGM), which was confirmed with the far-field patterns. Excitation area dependent photoluminescence revealed that the long-wavelength lasing modes dominated the collective lasing behavior under a large excitation area. The excitation-area-dependent lasing behavior resulted from the prominent optical coupling among rods. According to the optical mode simulations and truncated-rod experiments, we confirmed that the fine-splitting of lasing peaks originated from the coupled supermodes existing in the periodic nanorod lattices. With wavelength-tunable active materials and a wafer-level scalable processing, patterning optically coupled GaN-InGaN core-shell nanorods is a highly practical approach for building various on-chip optical components including emitters and coupled resonator waveguides in visible and ultraviolet spectral range.
Assessing the Facile Pretreatments of Bagasse for Efficient Enzymatic Conversion and Their Impacts on Structural and Chemical Properties (2018)

Novel and sustainable pretreatment approaches are desired to improve the techno-commercial feasibility of biorefineries in the future. In this study, 10 renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were evaluated for their pretreatment efficiency at facile conditions with sugar cane bagasse as substrate and compared with conventional pretreatment approaches (dilute alkali, dilute acid, and ionic liquid (IL)) for lignin removal, saccharification yield, cellulose accessibility, crystallinity, and physiochemical properties. Although, the highest delignification was obtained with dilute alkali (59.7%) and choline chloride:lactic acid or ChCl:LA (50.6%), the maximum enzymatic conversion of 98.0% and 90.4% was observed with IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) and ChCl:LA, respectively. uclear magnetic resonance analysis of ChCl:LA-derived lignin showed selective removal of guaiacyl lignin without condensation structure formation observed. Interestingly, unlike IL, the lignin was substantially depolymerized after ChCl:LA pretreatment as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Further, high compatibility of ChCl:LA with cellulase in comparison of IL with easy recyclability and recycling showed that DESs synthesized from a renewable resource are promising “green” solvents for future biorefinery operations.
Probing Morbillivirus Antisera Neutralization Using Functional Chimerism between Measles Virus and Canine Distemper Virus Envelope Glycoproteins (2019)

Measles virus (MeV) is monotypic. Live virus challenge provokes a broadly protective humoral immune response that neutralizes all known measles genotypes. The two surface glycoproteins, H and F, mediate virus attachment and entry, respectively, and neutralizing antibodies to H are considered the main correlate of protection. Herein, we made improvements to the MeV reverse genetics system and generated a panel of recombinant MeVs in which the globular head domain or stalk region of the H glycoprotein or the entire F protein, or both, were substituted with the corresponding protein domains from canine distemper virus (CDV), a closely related morbillivirus that resists neutralization by measles-immune sera. The viruses were tested for sensitivity to human or guinea pig neutralizing anti-MeV antisera and to ferret anti-CDV antisera. Virus neutralization was mediated by antibodies to both H and F proteins, with H being immunodominant in the case of MeV and F being so in the case of CDV. Additionally, the globular head domains of both MeV and CDV H proteins were immunodominant over their stalk regions. These data shed further light on the factors constraining the evolution of new morbillivirus serotypes.
Attempts to demonstrate virus‐specific sequences in human tumors. IV. EB viral DNA in European burkitt lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive plasmacytosis (1976)

Various biopsies from different European malignant lymphomas, two biopsies from nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and material from non-neoplastic lymph nodes were assayed for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA by nucleic acid hybridization. Reassociation kinetics of in vitro-labelled EBV DNA were studied in the presence of tumor DNA. The lymphomas tested included among others follicular lymphomas, germinocytomas, immunoblastic lymphomas and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytomas. Epstein-Barr viral DNA was demonstrated within the two nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies as expected. A histologically typical Burkitt lymphoma as well as an immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive plasmacytosis also contained EBV-DNA. The Burkitt biopsy revealed about 15 EBV genome equivalents per cell. Antibodies against EBV-specific antigens were highly elevated in the serum of this patient. The material of the patient with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy contained 2-3 EBV genome equivalents per cell.
Adult Stem Cell as New Advanced Therapy for Experimental Neuropathic Pain Treatment (2014)

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a highly invalidating disease resulting as consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. All the pharmacological treatments today in use give a long lasting pain relief only in a limited percentage of patients before pain reappears making NP an incurable disease. New approaches are therefore needed and research is testing stem cell usage. Several papers have been written on experimental neuropathic pain treatment using stem cells of different origin and species to treat experimental NP. The original idea was based on the capacity of stem cell to offer a totipotent cellular source for replacing injured neural cells and for delivering trophic factors to lesion site; soon the researchers agreed that the capacity of stem cells to contrast NP was not dependent upon their regenerative effect but was mostly linked to a bidirectional interaction between the stem cell and damaged microenvironment resident cells. In this paper we review the preclinical studies produced in the last years assessing the effects induced by several stem cells in different models of neuropathic pain. The overall positive results obtained on pain remission by using stem cells that are safe, of easy isolation, and which may allow an autologous transplant in patients may be encouraging for moving from bench to bedside, although there are several issues that still need to be solved.
Intestinal colonization following oral administration. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;(A-B)&lt;/b&gt; Neonate and adult mice were orally infected with WT EPEC. Small intestine &lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; and colon &lt;b&gt;(B)&lt;/b&gt; tissues were collected 4 days p.i., homogenized and plated on LB agar plates supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic (n = 12-23/time point from at least 2 litters, median). &lt;b&gt;(C-D)&lt;/b&gt; 1-day-old mice were orally infected with WT EPEC. Small intestine &lt;b&gt;(C)&lt;/b&gt; and colon &lt;b&gt;(D)&lt;/b&gt; tissues were collected at defined time points p.i., homogenized and plated on LB agar plates supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic (n = 9-16/time point from at least 3 litters; median). ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test. **, p&lt;0.01; ***, p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
INDUCTION HEATING OF CF/PEKK LAMINATES USING HOMOGENIZATION TECHNIQUES (2021)

The primary heat generation mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic laminates during induction heating are joule losses, junction heating with contact resistance and dielectric hysteresis. In relation, these mechanisms are highly affected by the laminate’s architecture and the anisotropic properties of each ply. A finite element model of the Joule heating process is studied to compare modeling the electrical and thermal properties of each individual ply with a laminate theory homogenization of the thermal and electrical properties. Three different homogenization techniques are compared, and limitations of the approaches are discussed. Experimental induction heating of CF/PEKK panels analogous to the finite element model is performed and quantitative (infrared camera) temperature measurements are compared to the finite element simulations
Alternative Prion Structural Changes Revealed by High Pressure (2003)

At high temperature, recombinant hamster prion protein (SHaPrP(90-231)) undergoes aggregation and changes from a predominantly alpha-helical to beta-sheet conformation. We then applied high pressure (200 MPa) to the beta-sheet-rich conformation. The aggregation was reversed, and the original tertiary and secondary structures were recovered at ambient pressure, after pressure release. The application of a pressure of 200 MPa thus allowed studying the heat-induced equilibrium refolding in the absence of protein aggregation. Prion protein unfolding as a function of high pressure was also investigated. Simple two-state, reversible unfolding transitions were observed, as monitored by spectral changes in the UV and fluorescence of the hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate. However, these heat- and pressure-induced conformers differed in their unfolding free energy. At pressures over 400 MPa, strong thioflavin-T binding was observed, suggesting a further structural change to a metastable oligomeric structure.