gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asphaltene Nanoscience and Reservoir Fluid Gradients, Tar Mat Formation, and the Oil-Water Interface (2013)

Abstract Recent advances in understanding asphaltene nanoscience have led to important developments in related but distinct disciplines of reservoir fluid gradients, fault block migration, tar mat formation and oil-water interfacial properties. Here, we provide an integrated overview of recent advances in asphaltenes nanoscience and corresponding implications in recent oilfield studies. Specifically, the Yen-Mullins model codifies the dominant molecular structure and two hierarchical colloidal species of asphaltenes for condensates through mobile heavy oils. Recent mass spectrometry studies confirm the asphaltene molecular weight and architecture as well as the aggregation number of the nanoaggregate. With the size known, the gravitational effect is resolved enabling development of the industry's first equation of state (EoS) for asphaltene gradients, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS. Many case studies prove its validity. The formation of different types of tar mats are understood within these asphaltene science developments. Specifically, some tar mats are formed by solution gas increase throughout the column via late gas charge yielding discontinuous increases of asphaltene content at the oil-tar contact. Other tar mats are formed by asphaltene gravitational accumulation at the base of the oil column which can yield heavy oil and tar with a much more continuous increase of asphaltene content. This asphaltene gravitational accumulation is associated with redistribution and equilibration of the asphaltene colloidal species. Sulfur x-ray spectroscopy corroborates mechanisms proposed for creation of these heavy oil gradients and tar mats addressed herein. A recent breakthrough in understanding oil-water interfaces shows that simplifying universal curves are obtained for the reduction of oil-water interfacial tension merely as a function of asphaltene molecular coverage and independent of many potential complexities. In particular, the first and only direct measurement of asphaltene molecular orientation at the interface shows that the asphaltene aromatic ring system is in plane at the oil-water interface while the asphaltene alkanes are perpendicular, which agrees quite closely with interfacial tension measurements. In addition, the asphaltene nanoaggregates are shown not to contribute to the surface in accord with known basic chemistry principles. These new interfacial results prove applicability of the Yen-Mullins model to the interface as well as to bulk oil. These important, new results will impact understanding of emulsions and provide a foundation for investigating oil-mineral interfacial science and enhanced oil recovery concepts. The fact that diverse crude oil and asphaltene properties are understood with simple models and universal curves confirms validity of this approach and portends rapidly expanding field application of these basic science precepts.
Identification and Validation of Colorectal Neoplasia–Specific Methylation Markers for Accurate Classification of Disease (2007)

Aberrant DNA methylation occurs early in oncogenesis, is stable, and can be assayed in tissues and body fluids. Therefore, genes with aberrant methylation can provide clues for understanding tumor pathways and are attractive candidates for detection of early neoplastic events. Identification of sequences that optimally discriminate cancer from other diseased and healthy tissues is needed to advance both approaches. Using well-characterized specimens, genome-wide methylation techniques were used to identify candidate markers specific for colorectal neoplasia. To further validate 30 of these candidates from genome-wide analysis and 13 literature-derived genes, including genes involved in cancer and others with unknown functions, a high-throughput methylation-specific oligonucleotide microarray was used. The arrays were probed with bisulfite-converted DNA from 89 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 55 colorectal polyps, 31 inflammatory bowel disease, 115 extracolonic cancers, and 67 healthy tissues. The 20 most discriminating markers were highly methylated in colorectal neoplasia (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.8; P < 0.0001). Normal epithelium and extracolonic cancers revealed significantly lower methylation. Real-time PCR assays developed for 11 markers were tested on an independent set of 149 samples from colorectal adenocarcinomas, other diseases, and healthy tissues. Microarray results could be reproduced for 10 of 11 marker assays, including eight of the most discriminating markers (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.72; P < 0.009). The markers with high specificity for colorectal cancer have potential as blood-based screening markers whereas markers that are specific for multiple cancers could potentially be used as prognostic indicators, as biomarkers for therapeutic response monitoring or other diagnostic applications, compelling further investigation into their use in clinical testing and overall roles in tumorigenesis.
Highly Selective Self-Powered Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Heterojunction of a Halide Perovskite and InGaZnO NO2 Sensor (2021)

Self-powered sensors can lead to disruptive advances in self-sustainable sensing systems that are imperative for evolving human lifestyles. For the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of a heterojunction sensor using p-type hybrid-halide perovskites (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbBr<sub>3</sub>) and an n-type semiconducting metal oxide thin film [InGaZnO (IGZO)] for the detection of NO<sub>2</sub> gas and power generation. Combining the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskites and the remarkable gas-sensing properties of IGZO at room temperature, the devised sensors generate open-circuit voltage and modulate according to the ambient NO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The major challenge in devising self-powered gas sensors is to attain harvesting capability and selectivity simultaneously, owing to perovskites reactivity in the presence of oxygen and humidity. In this work, we developed a novel approach and fabricated a heterojunction sensor using parylene-c as an additional layer to curb the cross-sensitivity and to enhance the selectivity of the sensor. Even under the low concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub>, the developed sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The devices are sensitive and robust even under extreme humidity conditions (80% <i>R</i><sub>H</sub>) and synthetic air. The devised sensor configuration is one way to eliminate the cross-sensitivity issue of the perovskite-based devices and serves as a reference for the development of self-powered sensors.
Supplementary Data from Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Primary and Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
1103 Development of similar sub-part recognition technique for 3D-CAD Model described by boundary representation (2015)

We have developed similar sub-part recognition technique for 3D-CAD Model described by boundary representation. The purpose of this development is to reduce design time according to reuse of similar sub-part. In engineering design application, designer often want to reuse sub-parts which are included design knowledge. Thus, similar sub-parts retrieval is an important role in design. In this technique, the similar sub-parts are retrieved from a 3D-CAD model described by boundary representation and made correspondence relation surface pairs of a retrieval model and a target model. A similarity score is based on the attributed graphs of a retrieval model and a target model. And, this score is calculated by a geometrical similarity and topological a similarity. Experimental results show that this algorithm can efficiency achieve similar sub-parts retrieval.
Capture cross section of Si-SiO2 interface states generated during electron injection (1989)

The evolution of the capture cross section of the Si-SiO2 interface states is analyzed when metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors are stressed by Fowler–Nordheim injection of electrons from the n-type substrate. The capture cross sections of the energy distribution of the states are measured by a trap filling method using deep level transient spectroscopy. We found that the capture cross sections of near-midgap states increase by a factor 10, while they remain unchanged for the states localized near the conduction-band edge. The capture cross sections are temperature dependent and their associated activation energies increase with the stress from 30 to 100 meV. The exponential prefactor in the temperature-dependence law of the capture cross section is increased from 10−16 to 10−14 cm2 , and we suggest that the Fowler–Nordheim degradation induces new interface states of donor type in the upper part of the silicon band gap.
Strong base-induced intramolecular cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides: an efficient synthesis of polycyclic peri-hydroxy aromatic compounds (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrong base-induced intramolecular cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides: an efficient synthesis of polycyclic peri-hydroxy aromatic compoundsYasuyuki Kita, Ryuichi Okunaka, Takao Honda, Miki Shindo, Miyako Taniguchi, Maiko Kondo, and Manabu SashoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 119–125Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views880Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Alternative Fuels for Transportation (2016)

Exploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops.
Quantum dots in photonic crystals: from single photon sources to single photon nonlinear optics (2009)

A quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal resonator is used to investigate cavity quantum electro- dynamics phenomena in solid state physics. Nonlinear optical phenomena such as photon blockade and photon induced tunneling are observed in this system. The nonlinearity of this system is sensitive to intra-cavity photon numbers close to unity, and it has been used to demonstrate conditional phase shifts of 28&deg; at a single photon level and a second order auto-correlation of g<sup>2</sup>(0) = 0.9 in the photon blockade regime.
European Cities: Social Conflicts and Governance (2002)

European cities are on the rise, and are taking advantage of the opportunities of the European integration and globalization processes. But they also face economic changes, social inequalities, poverty and a new set of constraints. Taking examples through the European Union, European Cities explores the impact of the transformation of the nation states on cities and the change of local societies and local governments. It argues that new modes of urban governance are emerging, and that cities are becoming collective actors within European governance. \nEuropean Cities shows why and how the bulk of European cities still appear to be original forms of compromise, aggregation, representation of diverse interests, and culture. Different modes of governance are gradually being structured in most middle size European cities despite processes of social exclusion segregation accompanied by the increased mobility of some citizens. Are Europeans going to invent a new form of institutionalized and territorialized capitalism, of which medium-sized European cities will be one of the pillars and one of the actors ? Failing that, the effects of changing scales could be expressed as profound transformations of the European urban model. (Résumé éditeur)
Microbial Resistance to Mitomycins Involves a Redox Relay Mechanism (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMicrobial Resistance to Mitomycins Involves a Redox Relay MechanismDavid A. Johnson, Paul R. August, Cedric Shackleton, Hung-wen Liu, and David H. ShermanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Department of Microbiology and Biological Process Technology Institute, University of Minnesota 240 Gortner Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, California 94609 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10, 2576–2577Publication Date (Web):March 12, 1997Publication History Received8 November 1996Published online12 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963880jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963880jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Flavins,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
C209 AERODYNAMIC DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF STEEL 48/40INCH STEAM TURBINE LP END BUCKET SERIES (2003)

New low pressure stages for 50 and 60 Hz steam turbines have been developed jointly by General Electric Company and TOSHIBA Corporation. The new low pressure stages feature 40" and 48" steel last stage blades for 60 Hz and 50 Hz applications, respectively. Last stage blades have been developed concurrently with the upstream stages, creating optimized low pressure turbine sections. This design has been further verified via a three stage scaled rig test of the 48/40 inch L-0,L-1 and L-2 stages. This model Turbine test measured both overall stage efficiency and detailed three-dimensional flow profiles through aerodynamic traverse and rake measurements. The measured stage efficiencies of the current design were clearly higher than the conventional design stages.
Estrogen‐induced lysosomal proteases secreted by breast cancer cells: A role in carcinogenesis? (1987)

In an attempt to understand the mechanism by which estrogens stimulate cell proliferation and mammary carcinogenesis, metastatic human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, ZR75-1) were found to secrete a 52,000 dalton (52K) protein under estrogen stimulation. Following its purification to homogeneity, the 52K protein was identified as a secreted procathepsin-D-like aspartyl protease bearing mannose-6-phosphate signals. This precursor displays an in vitro autocrine mitogenic activity on estrogen-deprived MCF7 cells and is able to degrade basement membrane and proteoglycans following its autoactivation. The total protease (52K + 48K and 34K) was detected and assayed by monoclonal antibodies and was found to be highly concentrated in proliferative and cystic mastopathies. In breast cancer, its cytosolic concentration appears to be correlated more to tumor invasiveness than to hormone responsiveness. The mRNA of the 52K protease accumulates rapidly following estradiol treatment, as was shown by Northern blot analysis with cloned cDNA. The 52K cathepsin-D-like protease is the first example of a lysosomal protease induced by estrogens in cancer cells. Results obtained using different approaches suggest that two cysteinyl cathepsins are also related to cell transformation and invasiveness. It has been proposed that cathepsin-B is involved in breast cancer and metastatic melanoma, and its regulation by estrogen has been shown in the rat uterus. Cathepsin-L corresponds to the major excreted protein (MEP) whose synthesis and secretion are markedly increased by transformation of NIH 3T3 cells with Ki ras and are regulated by several growth factors. In addition to secreted autocrine growth factors and to other proteases (plasminogen activator, collagenase), lysosomal cathepsins may therefore play an important role in the process of tumor growth and invasion as long as their precursor is secreted abundantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Radical Tandem 1,6‐Enynes Thioacylation/Cyclization: Au—Pd Nanoparticles Catalysis versus Thermal Activation as a Function of the Substrate Specificity. (2015)

Abstract The thioacylation/cyclization in the presence of the nanosized catalyst alloy proceeds under mild conditions.
Cannabichromene (2018)

Cannabinochromene (CBC, 1a) is the archetypal member of a class of more than twenty isoprenylated 5-hydroxy-7-alkyl(aralky)benzo[2 H]pyranes first reported from Cannabis sativa L. but also occurring in unrelated plants ( Rhododendron species) as well as liverworts and fungi. The chemistry, synthesis, and bioactivity of CBC (1a) is reviewed, highlighting its underexploited pharmacological potential and rich chemistry.
Gene Expression Profiling of Synovial Sarcoma: Distinct Signature of Poorly Differentiated Type (2010)

Poorly differentiated type synovial sarcoma (PDSS) is a variant of synovial sarcoma characterized by predominantly round or short-spindled cell morphology. Although accumulating evidence from clinicopathologic studies suggests a strong association between this variant of synovial sarcoma and poor prognosis, little has been reported on the molecular basis of PDSS. To gain insights into the mechanism(s) that underlie the emergence of PDSS, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of 34 synovial sarcoma clinical samples, including 5 cases of PDSS, using an oligonucleotide microarray. In an unsupervised analysis, the 34 samples fell into 3 groups that correlate closely with histologic subtypes: monophasic, biphasic, and poorly differentiated types. PDSS was characterized by down-regulation of genes associated with neuronal and skeletal development and cell adhesion. Moreover, upregulation of genes on a specific chromosomal locus, 8q21.11, was identified. This locus-specific transcriptional activation in PDSS was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of 9 additional synovial sarcoma samples. Our results indicate that PDSS tumors constitute a distinct group based on expression profiles.
Dossier : La politique, un objet pour la sociologie du travail (2008)

Le travail n’est pas une catégorie d’analyse, ou même de description, souvent utilisée dans les sciences sociales pour appréhender l’activité politique. Celle-ci est, de fait, une réalité assez fuyante, difficile à circonscrire, rétive à la délimitation : elle est exercée par une population hétérogène, elle n’est pas toujours reconnue comme une activité professionnelle, elle ne peut être aisément référée à un corpus de savoirs ou à des conditions d’apprentissage et de formation, etc. L’activi...
Quantification of new and archived Diaphorina citri transcriptome data using a chromosomal length D. citri genome assembly reveals the vector’s tissue-specific transcriptional response to citrus greening disease (2021)

Abstract Background Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most serious disease of citrus. HLB is caused by the obligate, intracellular bacterium “ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” ( C Las). C Las is transmitted by Diaphorina citri , the Asian citrus psyllid. Development of transmission blocking strategies to manage HLB relies on knowledge of C Las- D. citri interactions at the molecular level. Prior transcriptome analyses of C Las-infected and un-infected D. citri point to changes in psyllid biology due to C Las-infection. These studies relied on incomplete versions of the D. citri genome, lacked proper host plant controls, and/or were analyzed using different statistical approaches. Therefore, we used standardized experimental and computational approaches to identify differentially expressed genes in both CLas (+) and CLas (-) D. citri. The comparative analysis utilized the newest chromosomal length D. citri genome assembly Diaci_v3. In this work, we present a quantitative transcriptome analysis of excised heads, salivary glands, midguts and bacteriomes from C Las (+) and C Las (-) insects. Results Each organ had unique transcriptome profiles and responses to C Las infection. Though most psyllids were infected with C Las, C Las-derived transcripts were not detected in all organs. By analyzing the midgut dataset using both the Diaci_v1.1 and v3.0 D. citri genomes, we showed that improved genome assembly led to significant and quantifiable differences in RNAseq data interpretation. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that future transcriptome studies on circulative, vector-borne pathogens should be conducted at the tissue specific level using complete, chromosomal-length genome assemblies for the most accurate understanding of pathogen-induced changes in vector gene expression.
Relational transformation-based tagging for human activity recognition (2007)

The ability to recognize human activities from sensory information is essential for developing the next generation of smart devices. Many human activity recognition tasks are - from a machine learning perspective - quite similar to tagging tasks in natural language processing. Motivated by this similarity, we develop a relational transformation-based tagging system based on inductive logic programming principles, which is able to cope with expressive relational representations as well as a background theory. The approach is experimentally evaluated on two activity recognition tasks and compared to Hidden Markov Models, one of the most popular and successful approaches for tagging.