gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
iPDT for Glioblastoma Multiforme Management: Dosimetric Enhancements (2019)

Median survival for Glioblastoma patients remains at around 15 months after surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy but varies widely between surgeons and centres. Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy (iPDT) mediated by ALA induced PpIX or other photosensitizers is investigated at various clinics. To enable iPDT treatment planning, photosensitizer transport characteristics needs to be known in order to optimize photoactivation. A method using contrast enhanced, functional magnetic resonance imaging, compartment modelling, spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is proposed to predict and validate the localization characteristics of two photosensitizers in murine Glioblastoma models.
Application of a gratuitous induction system in Kluyveromyces lactis for the expression of intracellular and secreted proteins during fed‐batch culture (2003)

A gratuitous induction system in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis was evaluated for the expression of intracellular and extracellular products during fed-batch culture. The Escherichia coli lacZ gene (beta-galactosidase; intracellular) and MFalpha1 leader-BPTI cassette (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor; extracellular) were placed under the control of the inducible K. lactis LAC4 promotor, inserted into partial-pKD1 plasmids, and transformed into a ga1-209 K. lactis strain. To obtain a high level of production, culture conditions for growth and expression were initially evaluated in tube cultures. A selective medium containing 5 g/L glucose (as carbon source) and 0.5 g/L galactose (as inducer) demonstrated the maximum activity of both beta-galactosidase and secreted BPTI. This level of expression had no significant effect on the growth of the recombinant cells; growth rate dropped by approximately 11%, whereas final biomass concentrations remained the same. In shake-flask culture, biomass concentration, beta-galactosidase activity, and BPTI secreted activity were 4 g/L, 7664 U/g dry cell, and 0.32 mg/L, respectively. Fed-batch culture (with a high glucose concentration and a low galactose [inducer] concentration feed) resulted in a 6.5-fold increase in biomass, a 23-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity, and a 3-fold increase in BPTI secreted activity. The results demonstrate the success of gratuitous induction during high-cell-density fed-batch culture of K. lactis. A very low concentration of galactose feed was sufficient for a high production level.
Control of Chronic Pain by the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System in the Spinal Cord (2007)

Chronic pain is maintained in part by long-lasting neuroplastic changes in synapses and several proteins critical for synaptic plasticity are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Here, we show that proteasome inhibitors administered intrathecally or subcutaneously prevented the development and reversed nerve injury-induced pain behavior. They also blocked pathological pain induced by sustained administration of morphine or spinal injection of dynorphin A, an endogenous mediator of chronic pain. Proteasome inhibitors blocked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in all three pain models although they did not modify responses to mechanical stimuli, but partially inhibited responses to thermal stimuli in control rats. In the spinal cord, these compounds abolished the enhanced capsaicin-evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and dynorphin A upregulation, both elicited by nerve injury. Model experiments demonstrated that the inhibitors may act directly on dynorphin-producing cells, blocking dynorphin secretion. Thus, the effects of proteasome inhibitors on chronic pain were apparently mediated through several cellular mechanisms indispensable for chronic pain, including those of dynorphin A release and postsynaptic actions, and of CGRP secretion. Levels of several UPS proteins were reduced in animals with neuropathic pain, suggesting that UPS downregulation, like effects of proteasome inhibitors, counteracts the development of chronic pain. The inhibitors did not produce marked or disabling motor disturbances at doses that were used to modify chronic pain. These results suggest that the UPS is a critical intracellular regulator of pathological pain, and that UPS-mediated protein degradation is required for maintenance of chronic pain and nociceptive, but not non-nociceptive responses in normal animals.
Microwave and millimeter wave signal generation using mode-locked semiconductor lasers with intra-waveguide saturable absorbers (2003)

The authors consider electrical and optical signal generation techniques using passively and hybridly mode-locked semiconductor lasers with intra-waveguide saturable absorbers. Microwave and millimeter-wave signals can be generated using mode-locked semiconductor lasers with the intra-waveguide saturable absorbers. Monolithic and external cavity devices optimized for electrical and optical signal generation are discussed along with measurements of amplitude noise, phase noise, output power, and repetition rate tunability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tumor-Associated and Disease-Associated Autoantibody Repertoires in Healthy Colostrum and Maternal and Newborn Cord Sera (2015)

In this work, we studied autoantibody repertoires and Ig isotypes in 71 mothers and their 104 healthy newborns (including twins and triplets delivered term or premature). Newborns receive maternal IgG Abs via the placenta before birth, but developing infants must produce their own IgM and IgA Abs. We used an Ag microarray analysis to detect binding to a selection of 295 self-Ags, compared with 27 standard foreign Ags. The magnitude of binding to specific self-Ags was found to be not less than that to the foreign Ags. As expected, each newborn shared with its mother a similar IgG repertoire-manifest as early as the 24th week of gestation. IgM and IgA autoantibody repertoires in cord sera were highly correlated among the newborns and differed from their mothers' repertoires; the latter differed in sera and milk. The autoantibodies bound to self-Ags known to be associated with tumors and to autoimmune diseases. Thus, autoantibody repertoires in healthy humans--the immunological homunculus--arise congenitally, differ in maternal milk and sera, and mark the potential of the immune system to attack tumors, beneficially, or healthy tissues, harmfully; regulation of the tissue site, the dynamics, and the response phenotype of homuncular autoimmunity very likely affects health.
Quasi-Simultaneous Acquisition of Hard Electron Ionization and Soft Single-Photon Ionization Mass Spectra during GC/MS Analysis by Rapid Switching between Both Ionization Methods: Analytical Concept, Setup, and Application on Diesel Fuel (2011)

This work describes the realization of rapid switching between hard electron ionization (EI) and soft single-photon ionization (SPI) integrated in a compact orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photons of 9.8 eV (126 nm) emitted from the innovative electron-beam-pumped rare-gas excimer light source (EBEL) filled with argon are focused into the ion chamber by an ellipsoidal mirror optic for accomplishing of SPI. This novel orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer with switching capability was hyphenated to one-dimensional gas chromatography (GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC × GC) for the first time. Within this demonstration study, a maximum switching frequency of 80 Hz was applied for investigation of a mineral-oil-type diesel sample. This approach allows the quasi-simultaneous acquisition of complementary information about the fragmentation pattern (EI) as well as the molecular mass (SPI) of compounds within a single analysis. Furthermore, by application of a polar GC column for separation, the SPI data can be displayed in a 2D contour plot, leading to a comprehensive 2D characterization (GC × MS), whereas the typical group-type assignment for diesel is also met.
A New Method of MIMO-Based Non-Orthogonal Multiuser Downlink Transmission (2017)

In this paper, we propose a new method for nonorthogonal multiuser downlink transmission, referred to as multiple-input multiple-output lattice partition multiple access (MIMO-LPMA). The new method is based on the combination of user selection, zero forcing beamforming, and LPMA, and it uses N base station antennas to deliver information to N clusters of M users each. The method thus accommodates a total of N ·M users on a given time/frequency resource in a non- orthogonal fashion. The user selection algorithm ensures that all users in each cluster are sufficiently aligned with their respective transmission beam. Zero forcing beamforming controls the inter-cluster crosstalk, ensuring that beams transmitted to different clusters do not interfere to one another. LPMA encoding and decoding allows to superimpose and separate multiple messages on the same beam. Simulations show that the proposed MIMO-LPMA method outperforms the conventional approach based on non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) in terms of achievable rates. In particular, our results indicate that MIMO-LPMA guarantees a significantly larger 95%-likely rate.
The Biochemistry of Sirtuins (2006)

Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases widely distributed in all phyla of life. Accumulating evidence indicates that sirtuins are important regulators of organism life span. In yeast, these unique enzymes regulate gene silencing by histone deacetylation and via formation of the novel compound 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. In multicellular organisms, sirtuins deacetylate histones and transcription factors that regulate stress, metabolism, and survival pathways. The chemical mechanism of sirtuins provides novel opportunities for signaling and metabolic regulation of protein deacetylation. The biological, chemical, and structural characteristics of these unusual enzymes are discussed in this review.
Controlling Photocatalytic Activity by Self‐Assembly – Tuning Perylene Bisimide Photocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2020)

Abstract Amino acid functionalized perylene bisimides (PBIs) form self‐assembled structures in solution, the nature of which depends on the local environment. Using a high‐throughput photocatalysis setup, five PBIs are studied for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under a range of conditions (pH and hole scavenger concentration) across 350 experiments to explore the relationship between supramolecular structure and photocatalytic activity. Using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), NMR spectroscopy and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) absorption spectroscopy, it is shown that photocatalytic activity is determined by the nature of the self‐assembled aggregate that is formed, demonstrating the potential of self‐assembly to tune activity. There is a clear correlation between the presence of charged flexible cylindrical aggregates and the occurrence of photocatalytic H 2 production, with UV–vis spectroscopy indicating that the most active structure type has a distinctive form of π‐aggregation which is proposed to enable efficient charge separation across multiple PBI units.
Multiple-Choice Question Enhanced with Interactive Software for Autonomous Learning (2008)

This paper introduces an original approach of a customized multiple-choice question (MCQ). Compared to traditional MCQ, it is associated at an interactive software. Therefore, its objective is not only to provide education test but also to improve the autonomous learning and at the same time, to make it more attractive.
A modified tandem affinity purification strategy identifies cofactors of the Drosophila nuclear receptor dHNF4 (2006)

With the completion of numerous genome projects, new high-throughput methods are required to ascribe gene function and interactions. A method proven successful in yeast for protein interaction studies is tandem affinity purification (TAP) of native protein complexes followed by MS. Here, we show that TAP, using Protein A and CBP tags, is not generally suitable for the purification and identification of proteins from tissues. A head-to-head comparison of tags shows that two others, FLAG and His, provide protein yields from Drosophila tissues that are an order of magnitude higher than Protein A and CBP. FLAG-His purification worked sufficiently well so that two cofactors of the Drosophila nuclear receptor protein dHNF4 could be purified from whole animals. These proteins, Hsc70 and Hsp83, are important chaperones and cofactors of other nuclear receptor proteins. However, this is the first time that they have been shown to interact with a non-steroid binding nuclear receptor. We show that the two proteins increase the ability of dHNF4 to bind DNA in vitro and to function in vivo. The tags and approaches developed here will help facilitate the routine purification of proteins from complex cells, tissues and whole organisms.
Growth Mechanism of Sea Urchin ZnO Nanostructures in Aqueous Solutions and Their Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Organic Dyes (2019)

This work reports the development of a fast and simple route for the synthesis of ZnO sea urchin (SU) nanostructures by the formation and assembly of ZnO nanorods under favorable growth conditions in an aqueous solution. The thermal treatment of a basic zinc acetate solution in ethanol results in the formation of aggregated seed clusters consisting of small ZnO nanorods, which were then grown in a precursor solution containing Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O and hexamethylenetetramine to assemble the SU structures from the anisotropic ZnO nanorods on the surface of the seed clusters. Each ZnO nanoparticle in the aggregated seed clusters grew sequentially into a ZnO nanorod, and the nanorods were concentric to the core of the clusters yielding the unique SU-like shape. In the presence of a capping agent such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), the aggregated seed clusters were not formed, and the growth of the CTAB-capped ZnO nanorods resulted in separated rods with average aspect ratios of ∼10. The SU ZnO nanostructures exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and higher specific surface area (26.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g) than the CTAB-capped nanorods (17.7 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The SU ZnO nanostructures show superior photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of three common organic dyes compared to the ZnO nanorods. The removal efficiencies of indigo carmine, methylene blue, and rhodamine B by the SU nanostructures were 99, 86, and 96%, respectively, after 1 h of UV irradiation. Therefore, the ZnO SU structures have the potential to be a versatile photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic dyes in industrial wastewater.
Scalable Tree Optimization for QoS Ethernet (2006)

The low cost and the wide availability make Ethernet the dominant networking technique of access networks. Standardization further extends the capabilities of Ethernet by adding traffic separation and prioritization (802.1Q) and by allowing use of multiple spanning trees (802.1s). In this paper we present an Ethernet based QoS architecture for broadband services with triple play support. We propose an optimization framework with Traffic Engineering where the MSTP trees are spanned taking both the traffic conditions and the QoS requirements into account. The optimization is based on our previously presented formal model. Here we propose a novel decomposition based tree constructing heuristic with high scalability. We conduct simulations to evaluate the performance of the heuristic method that provides nearly optimal solutions within acceptable time constraints.
System level memory optimization for hardware-software co-design (1997)

Application studies in the areas of image and video processing systems indicate that between 50 and 80% of the area cost in (application-specific) architectures for real-time multi-dimensional signal processing (RMSP) is due to data storage and transfer of array signals. This is true for both singleand multi-processor realizations, both customized and (embedded) programmable targets. This paper has two main contributions. First, to reduce this dominant cost, we propose to address the system-level storage organization for the multi-dimensional signals as a first step in the overall methodology to map these applications, before the hardware/software partitioning decision. Secondly, we demonstrate the usefulness of this novel approach based on a realistic test vehicle, namely a quad-tree based image coding application.
Synthesis of substituted 9-Oxo-9,10-dihydroacridine-4-carboxylic acids. I. Factors affecting the direction of ring closure of substituted N-(2-Carboxyphenyl-amino)benzoic acids (1984)

The cyclodehydration of 16 substituted N-(2-carboxyphenylamino)benzoic acids to substituted 9-oxo-9,10-dihydroacridine-4-carboxylic acids with conc. H2SO4, POCl3 and ethyl polyphosphate (epp) has been studied by h.p.l.c. Direction of ring closure can be qualitatively interpreted in terms of the electronic and steric effects of the substituent group on the carbonium ion intermediate formed from the carboxylic acid group on the same ring as the substituent. Judicious choice of substituents and cyclizing reagents can provide a large excess of one isomer; hence this is a simple route to certain substituted 9-oxo-9,10-dihydroacridine-4-carboxylic acids.
Introduction to Surface and Colloid Chemistry: Recent Advances and General Remarks (2015)

5.5 HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS IN DISPERSIONS 106 5.5.1 Basic Equations. Lubrication Approximation 5.5.2 Interaction Between Particles of Tangentially Immobile Surfaces 5.5.2.1 Taylor and Reynolds Equations, and Influence of the Particle Shape 5.5.2.2 Interactions Among Non-Deformable Particles at Large Distances 5.5.2.3 Stages of Thinning of a Liquid Film 5.5.2.4 Dependence of Emulsion Stability on the Droplet Size 5.5.3 Effect of Surface Mobility 5.5.3.1 Diffusive and Convective Fluxes at an Interface; Marangoni Effect 5.5.3.2 Fluid Particles and Films of Tangentially Mobile Surfaces 5.5.3.3 Bancroft Rule for Emulsions 5.5.3.4 Demulsification and Defoaming 5.5.4 Interactions in Non-Preequilibrated Emulsions 5.5.4.1 Surfactant Transfer from Continuous to Disperse Phase (Cyclic Dimpling) 5.5.4.2 Surfactant Transfer form Disperse to Continuous Phase (Osmotic Swelling) 5.5.4.3 Equilibration of Two Droplets Across a Thin Film 5.5.5 Hydrodynamic Interaction of a Particle with an Interface 5.5.5.1 Particle of Immobile Surface Interacting with a Solid Wall 5.5.5.2 Fluid Particles of Mobile Surfaces 5.5.6 Bulk Rheology of Dispersions
Bucindolol Decreases Atrial Fibrillation Burden in Patients With Heart Failure and the ADRB1 Arg389Arg Genotype (2021)

[Figure: see text].
Solution‐Phase Mixture Synthesis with Double‐Separation Tagging: Double Demixing of a Single Mixture Provides a Stereoisomer Library of 16 Individual Murisolins (2005)

Two tags are better than one: Sixteen individual stereoisomers of murisolin (see scheme) are synthesized together and isolated in pure form with the aid of a double-separation tagging procedure. A strategy for solution-phase stereoisomer synthesis based on double-separation tagging and double demixing is implemented with fluoroalkyl and oligoethylene glycol (OEG, (OCH2CH2)nOCH3) tags.
Supplementary Table 2 from Extracellular Vesicles Modulate the Glioblastoma Microenvironment via a Tumor Suppression Signaling Network Directed by miR-1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 56K, SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 2. Functional analysis of EV proteins identified by mass spectrometry.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Data from Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Molecular Features of Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> (2023)

Supplementary Data from Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Molecular Features of Ductal Carcinoma &lt;i&gt;In Situ&lt;/i&gt;
Antenna efficiency of handheld phones (1999)

Measurements in an anechoic room of three-dimensional radiation patterns for 42 test persons using a handheld phone with two antennas are investigated in order to find the body loss. The measured efficiency range from 0.9 dB to 17 dB. From the measurements is was possible to separate the absorption and the loss due to mis-match of the antenna. The antenna mis-tuning accounted for less than 2 dB to the body loss. The uncertainties in the measurements is in the order of one dB. (5 pages)
Bacteriophage T7 gene 2.5 protein: an essential protein for DNA replication. (1993)

The product of gene 2.5 of bacteriophage T7, a single-stranded DNA binding protein, physically interacts with the phage-encoded gene 5 protein (DNA polymerase) and gene 4 proteins (helicase and primase) and stimulates their activities. Genetic analysis of T7 phage defective in gene 2.5 shows that the gene 2.5 protein is essential for T7 DNA replication and growth. T7 phages that contain null mutants of gene 2.5 were constructed by homologous recombination. These gene 2.5 null mutants contain either a deletion of gene 2.5 (T7 delta 2.5) or an insertion into gene 2.5 and cannot grow in Escherichia coli (efficiency of plating, < 10(-8)). After infection of E. coli with T7 delta 2.5, host DNA synthesis is shut off, and phage DNA synthesis is reduced to < 1% of phage DNA synthesis in wild-type T7-infected E. coli cells as measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine. In contrast, RNA synthesis is essentially normal in T7 delta 2.5-infected cells. The defects in growth and DNA replication are overcome by wild-type gene 2.5 protein expressed from a plasmid harboring the T7 gene 2.5.
Preferential Release of Renal Dopamine into the Tubule Lumen: Effect of Chronic Sodium Loading (1997)

Dopamine (DA), produced by the renal proximal tubule, has been demonstrated as an intrarenal paracrine hormone mediating diuresis and natriuresis. The precise mechanism by which DA exerts its cell-to-cell action is not fully understood. In the present study, renal interstitial (RIF) DA (by in vivo microdialysis) and urinary DA excretion (UDAV) were compared in anesthetized rats on either normal (0.28% NaCl, NS) or high (4.0% NaCl, HS) sodium balance (n = 9 in each group). Urine flow (UV) and sodium excretion (UNaV) in HS were greater than in NS rats (UV 7.2 +/- 0.6 vs 3.8 +/- 0.3 microliters/min, P < 0.01; UNaV 497 +/- 66 vs 265 +/- 27 nmol/min, P < 0.01). In rats on both NS and HS balance, UDAV was significantly higher than RIF DA (420 +/- 37 vs 3.68 +/- 0.49 pg/min in the NS rat; 601 +/- 68 vs 1.25 +/- 0.36 pg/min in the HS rat, both P < 0.01). UDAV was increased in HS compared with NS rats (601 +/- 68 vs 420 +/- 37 pg/min, P < 0.05). In contrast, RIF DA was significantly lower in HS than NS rats (1.25 +/- 0.36 vs 3.68 +/- 0.49 pg/min, P < 0.01). In conclusion, chronic sodium loading increased renal DA production and release predominantly into the tubular lumen rather than the peritubular interstitial space of the kidney. These results indicate that DA originating from proximal tubule cells has a direct tubule action in the control of sodium excretion.