gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video data acquisition by random scan (1986)

A special purpose system controlling in real time the scan pattern of a vidicon tube, converts a conventional TV camera into a versatile 2-D data acquisition system. The system architecture incorporates a scan pattern library (ROM), 2-D video map (RAM), ALU, and a special purpose vidicon driver. A scan pattern determined in real time by the host computer in an interactive mode, or alternatively selected from a scan pattern library, controls the electron scanning beam of the vidicon by means of the ALU and vidicon driver. The readout intensity information is stored in a 2-D video map. The scan path is interrupted every 40 ms by a timing controller operating in the background, before tracing of the scan path is enabled. This constraint on the repetition rate can be eliminated by utilizing other, noncapacitive types of imaging device. The main advantages of implementing the basic system in one of its possible embodiments are the high rate of visual data acquisition and the smaller memory required for storing and analyzing the data, compared with the requirements imposed by conventional scanning.
Lessons learned in transitioning to AI in the medical imaging of COVID-19 (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc across the world. It also created a need for the urgent development of efficacious predictive diagnostics, specifically, artificial intelligence (AI) methods applied to medical imaging. This has led to the convergence of experts from multiple disciplines to solve this global pandemic including clinicians, medical physicists, imaging scientists, computer scientists, and informatics experts to bring to bear the best of these fields for solving the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such a convergence over a very brief period of time has had unintended consequences and created its own challenges. As part of Medical Imaging Data and Resource Center initiative, we discuss the lessons learned from career transitions across the three involved disciplines (radiology, medical imaging physics, and computer science) and draw recommendations based on these experiences by analyzing the challenges associated with each of the three associated transition types: (1) AI of non-imaging data to AI of medical imaging data, (2) medical imaging clinician to AI of medical imaging, and (3) AI of medical imaging to AI of COVID-19 imaging. The lessons learned from these career transitions and the diffusion of knowledge among them could be accomplished more effectively by recognizing their associated intricacies. These lessons learned in the transitioning to AI in the medical imaging of COVID-19 can inform and enhance future AI applications, making the whole of the transitions more than the sum of each discipline, for confronting an emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic or solving emerging problems in biomedicine.
Biomarkers and Correlative Endpoints for Immunotherapy Trials: What Can We Learn in Lung Cancer from Other Tumor Types? (2013)

Immunotherapies for lung cancer are reaching phase III clinical trial, but the ultimate success likely will depend on developing biomarkers to guide development and choosing patient populations most likely to benefit. Because the immune response to cancer involves multiple cell types and cytokines, some spatially and temporally separated, it is likely that multiple biomarkers will be required to fully characterize efficacy of the vaccine and predict eventual benefit. Peripheral blood markers of response, such as the ELISPOT assay and cytokine flow cytometry analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells following immunotherapy, remain the standard approach, but it is increasingly important to obtain tissue to study the immune response at the site of the tumor. Earlier clinical endpoints such as response rate and progression-free survival do not correlate with overall survival demonstrated for some immunotherapies, suggesting the need to develop other intermediary clinical endpoints. Insofar as all these biomarkers and surrogate endpoints are relevant in multiple malignancies, it may be possible to extrapolate findings to immunotherapy of lung cancer.
Exposing Private User Behaviors of Collaborative Filtering via Model Inversion Techniques (2020)

Abstract Privacy risks of collaborative filtering (CF) have been widely studied. The current state-of-theart inference attack on user behaviors (e.g., ratings/purchases on sensitive items) for CF is by Calandrino et al. (S&amp;P, 2011). They showed that if an adversary obtained a moderate amount of user’s public behavior before some time T , she can infer user’s private behavior after time T . However, the existence of an attack that infers user’s private behavior before T remains open. In this paper, we propose the first inference attack that reveals past private user behaviors. Our attack departs from previous techniques and is based on model inversion (MI). In particular, we propose the first MI attack on factorization-based CF systems by leveraging data poisoning by Li et al. (NIPS, 2016) in a novel way. We inject malicious users into the CF system so that adversarialy chosen “decoy” items are linked with user’s private behaviors. We also show how to weaken the assumption made by Li et al. on the information available to the adversary from the whole rating matrix to only the item profile and how to create malicious ratings effectively. We validate the effectiveness of our inference algorithm using two real-world datasets.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance in n-Type K2.5Bi8.5Se14 (2019)

We studied the narrow band-gap (0.55 eV) semiconductor K2.5Bi8.5Se14 as a potential thermoelectric material for power generation. Samples of polycrystalline K2.5Bi8.5Se14 prepared by spark plasma sintering exhibit exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivities (κlat) of 0.57–0.33 W m–1 K–1 in the temperature range of 300–873 K. The physical origin of such low κlat in K2.5Bi8.5Se14 is related to the strong anharmonicity and low phonon velocity caused by its complex low symmetry, large unit cell crystal structure, and mixed occupancy of Bi and K atoms in the lattice. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy studies and microanalysis indicate that the K2.5Bi8.5Se14 sample is a single phase without intergrowth of the structurally related K2Bi8Se13 phase. The undoped material exhibits an n-type character and a figure-of-merit (ZT) value of 0.67 at 873 K. Electronic band structure calculations indicate that K2.5Bi8.5Se14 is an indirect band-gap semiconductor with multiple conduction bands close to the Fermi level. Phonon dispersion calculations suggest that K2.5Bi8.5Se14 has low phonon velocities and large Grüneisen parameters that can account for the observed ultralow κlat. The degree of n-type doping can be controlled by introducing Se deficiencies in the structure, providing a simple route to increase the ZT to ∼1 at 873 K.
Lumped-element analysis of a fluid-loaded pipe-hull coupling (2000)

This research addresses the question: how much acoustic energy is coupled into the fluid and the structure at the end of a fluid-filled pipe connected to an externally fluid-loaded shell? As a first approximation, the hull is modeled as a flat elastic plate with an infinite acoustic medium on one side and a vacuum on the other side. The pipe is modeled as a lumped mass with finite rotational inertia attached to the hull and founded on imaginary fixed points by torsional and linear springs. Energy transmission through the simple structure to the far field is examined by allowing one of the fixed foundation points to move while applying a force at that point. The radiated acoustic power is calculated as a function of frequency. The effect of the simple structure on the radiated power spectrum is determined by comparing the results to the response of a point driven plate. [This work was supported by the ONR Structural Acoustics Program under Grant No. N00014-98-1-0851.]
Distance and Vehicle Speed Estimation Using a Uniform Circular Array Antenna (2016)

In this paper a method for joint estimation of the speed of a vehicle and its distance to a road side unit (RSU) is introduced. On the rooftop of the vehicle a uniform circular array (UCA) antenna is mounted, which receives orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated signals from the RSU over an additive white Gaussian noise (AGWN) channel. After estimating the two dimensional angle of arrival (2D-AOA) by performing the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, the line-of-sight (LOS) OFDM symbol is estimated. The LOS OFDM symbol is processed with a reference OFDM symbol in a Maximum Likelihood (ML) minimization algorithm for a joint estimation of the time delay and Doppler shift. The distance and the vehicle speed are derived from the estimated time delay and Doppler shift values respectively. The proposed ML minimization algorithm is evaluated for a mobile vehicle following a right turning maneuver on an orthogonal traffic intersection. Simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits highly accurate distance and vehicle speed estimation.
Epitaxial growth technique for single-crystalline PbTiO 3 thin film on Si substrate using an HfO 2 buffer layer (2021)

Abstract We have succeeded in obtaining thin-film single crystals of PbTiO 3 (PT) piezoelectrics on a Si single crystal with a few defects in the film at the extremely low temperature of 450 °C, which was considered difficult in the past. We confirmed that the obtained thin film demonstrates dielectric characteristics (lattice constant: a = 0.3904 nm, c = 0.4159 nm; relative dielectric constant: 120), along with an extremely high residual polarization value (Pr = 85 μ C cm −2 ). A martensitic transformation in the HfO 2 buffer layer plays an important role in the c-domain formation of the epitaxial PT film by an elastic lattice matching. This discovery will demonstrate a new function of HfO 2 film and indicates that the system can be applied in a broad range of scenarios seeking to obtain single crystals for various functional oxide layer thin films on Si wafer substrates.
Unsaturated Polyphosphoesters via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization (2012)

A powerful methodology for the synthesis of unsaturated polyphosphoesters (UPPEs) relying on acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization is described. A facile two-step protocol gives fast access to structurally versatile and potentially degradable and biocompatible materials. For the first time this allows to control the microstructure of either backbone and/or side chains of polyphosphoesters. Four different monomers are polymerized under different conditions to yield UPPEs with molecular weights ranging from 7000 up to 50 000 g mol–1 with reasonable polydispersity. The unsaturated and saturated polyphosphoesters are characterized in detail with various techniques. A major benefit of the UPPEs is revealed by differential scanning calorimetry proving the control over thermal properties with tunable melting or glass transition temperatures for the different saturated and unsaturated PPEs which is an important feature for future applications. This unique combination of the benefits of metathesis polymerization and phosphorus chemistry is a highly versatile system for materials in many applications ranging from adhesives to biomaterials.
Tailored treatment strategies: a new approach for modern management of atrial fibrillation (2016)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is not benign. Cardiovascular diseases and risk factors differ importantly amongst patients. Careful phenotyping with the aim to start tailored therapy may improve outcome and quality of life. Furthermore, structural remodelling plays an important role in initiation and progression of AF. Therapies that interfere in the remodelling processes are promising because they may modify the atrial substrate. However, success is still limited probably due to variations in the underlying substrate in individual patients. The most favourable effects of lifestyle changes on success of rhythm control have been demonstrated in obese patients with AF. Differences in genotype may also play an important role. Common gene variants have been associated with recurrence of AF after electrical cardioversion, antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation. Therefore, both phenotyping and genotyping may become useful for patient selection in the future. Beside the choice of rate or rhythm control, and type of rhythm control, prevention of complications associated with AF may also differ depending on genotype and phenotype. Efficacy of stroke prevention has been well established, but bleeding remains a clinically relevant problem. Risk stratification is still cumbersome, especially in low-risk patients and in those with a high bleeding risk. The decision whether to start anticoagulation (and if so which type of anticoagulant) or, alternatively, to implant an occlusion device of the left atrial appendage may also be improved by genotyping and phenotyping. In this review, we will summarize new insights into the roles of phenotype and genotype in generating more tailored treatment strategies in patients with AF and discuss several patient-tailored treatment options.
Influence of Donor Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Status on Severity of Viral Reactivation after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in CMV-Seropositive Recipients (2011)

We investigated the role of donor cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus on reactivation of CMV infection in CMV-infected transplant recipients. Reactivation of CMV infection occurred more frequently in patients receiving a CMV-positive graft but was less severe than in patients receiving a CMV-negative graft. These data suggest roles for both virus as well as CMV-specific immunity present in the graft.
An efficient photochemical approach to the trans-bicyclo[5.1.0]octene ring system (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient photochemical approach to the trans-bicyclo[5.1.0]octene ring systemJohn L. Wood, Nigel J. Liverton, Melean Visnick, and Amos B. Smith IIICite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4530–4532Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a076RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (383 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Towards valorization of pectin-rich agro-industrial residues: Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for co-fermentation of d-galacturonic acid and glycerol (2021)

Pectin-rich plant biomass residues represent underutilized feedstocks for industrial biotechnology. The conversion of the oxidized monomer d-galacturonic acid (d-GalUA) to highly reduced fermentation products such as alcohols is impossible due to the lack of electrons. The reduced compound glycerol has therefore been considered an optimal co-substrate, and a cell factory able to efficiently co-ferment these two carbon sources is in demand. Here, we inserted the fungal d-GalUA pathway in a strain of the yeast S. cerevisiae previously equipped with an NAD-dependent glycerol catabolic pathway. The constructed strain was able to consume d-GalUA with the highest reported maximum specific rate of 0.23 g g<sub>CDW</sub><sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> in synthetic minimal medium when glycerol was added. By means of a <sup>13</sup>C isotope-labelling analysis, carbon from both substrates was shown to end up in pyruvate. The study delivers the proof of concept for a co-fermentation of the two 'respiratory' carbon sources to ethanol and demonstrates a fast and complete consumption of d-GalUA in crude sugar beet pulp hydrolysate under aerobic conditions. The future challenge will be to achieve co-fermentation under industrial, quasi-anaerobic conditions.
Segmented Digital Clock Manager- FPGA based Digital Pulse Width Modulator Technique (2008)

A new digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) design for a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based systems is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture fully utilizes the digital clock manager (DCM) resources available on new FPGA boards. The proposed segmented DCM DPWM is a digital modulator architecture with low power that allows for high switching frequency operation. It relies on the power-optimized resources already existing on new FPGAs. The inherit phase shifting properties of the DCM blocks simplify the duty cycle generation. The architecture can be applied to achieve various number of bits for the DPWM resolution, and is implemented and verified experimentally on a Virtex4 FPGA board.
Therapeutics discovery: From bench to first in-human trials* (2018)

The 'Therapeutics discovery: From bench to first in-human trials' conference, held at the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from October 10-12, 2017, provided a unique opportunity for experts worldwide to discuss advances in drug discovery and development, focusing on phase I clinical trials. It was the first event of its kind to be hosted at the new research center, which was constructed to boost drug discovery and development in the KSA in collaboration with institutions, such as the Academic Drug Discovery Consortium in the United States of America (USA), Structural Genomics Consortium of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom (UK), and Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in China. The program was divided into two parts. A pre-symposium day took place on October 10, during which courses were conducted on clinical trials, preclinical drug discovery, molecular biology and nanofiber research. The attendees had the opportunity for one-to-one meetings with international experts to exchange information and foster collaborations. In the second part of the conference, which took place on October 11 and 12, the clinical trials pipeline, design and recruitment of volunteers, and economic impact of clinical trials were discussed. The Saudi Food and Drug Administration presented the regulations governing clinical trials in the KSA. The process of preclinical drug discovery from small molecules, cellular and immunologic therapies, and approaches to identifying new targets were also presented. The recommendation of the conference was that researchers in the KSA must invest more fund, talents and infrastructure to lead the region in phase I clinical trials and preclinical drug discovery. Diseases affecting the local population, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and resistant bacterial infections, represent the optimal starting point.
Preliminary report on LLNL mine seismicity deployment at the Twentymile Coal Mine (1996)

This report summarizes the preliminary results of a just completed experiment at the Twentymile Coal Mine, operated by the Cyprus Amax Coal Company near Oak Creek, CO. The purpose of the experiment was to obtain local and regional seismic data from roof caves associated with long-wall mining activities and to use this data to help determine the effectiveness with which these events can be discriminated from underground nuclear explosions under a future Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
Using polygenic scores and clinical data for bipolar disorder patient stratification and lithium response prediction: machine learning approach – CORRIGENDUM (2022)

An incorrect author affiliation was published in the above article. This has now been corrected in both the online PDF and HTML versions of this article. The authors apologise for this error.
Fenton Chemistry of FeIII-Exchanged Zeolitic Minerals Treated with Antioxidants (2005)

Respirable mineral fibers, such as asbestos, are known to cause pleural mesothelioma, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchial carcinoma, often years after exposure. Erionite and mordenite, two mineral aluminosilicates (zeolites) with different toxicities, can be used as models to help understand asbestos toxicity. Erionite is carcinogenic, while mordenite is relatively benign. No iron is typically present in erionite or mordenite, but because of their ion-exchange properties they can acquire iron after inhalation. The iron is typically in the Fe(III) form and will need to be reduced prior to any Fenton activity. Lung lining fluid contains antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA), which can reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II). In this study, we have compared the Fenton reactivity of Fe(III)-exchanged erionite and mordenite after treatment with antioxidants. The Fenton assay involved the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with dimethyl sulfoxide. Fenton reactivity was most marked with AA followed by GSH, and hydrogen peroxide also exhibited minor reactivity. Erionite generated an order of magnitude greater hydroxyl radicals than mordenite, normalized to the surface iron content, providing support for the hypothesis that the iron coordination at the mineral surface plays a significant role in bioactivity.
Signal Transduction: From the Atomic Age to the Post-Genomic Era (2014)

We have come a long way in the 55 years since Edmond Fischer and the late Edwin Krebs discovered that the activity of glycogen phosphorylase is regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. Many of the fundamental molecular mechanisms that operate in biological signaling have since been characterized and the vast web of interconnected pathways that make up the cellular signaling network has been mapped in considerable detail. Nonetheless, it is important to consider how fast this field is still moving and the issues at the current boundaries of our understanding. One must also appreciate what experimental strategies have allowed us to attain our present level of knowledge. We summarize here some key issues (both conceptual and methodological), raise unresolved questions, discuss potential pitfalls, and highlight areas in which our understanding is still rudimentary. We hope these wide-ranging ruminations will be useful to investigators who carry studies of signal transduction forward during the rest of the 21st century.