gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and photochemical reactions of triarylmethyl peroxides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal and photochemical reactions of triarylmethyl peroxidesD. C. Neckers, Shwn Meei Linden, B. Lee Williams, and Andrzej ZakrzewskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 1, 131–135Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00262a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00262a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transformer Neural Network for Structure Constrained Molecular Optimization (2021)

Finding molecules with a desirable balance of multiple properties is a main challenge in drug discovery. Here, we focus on the task of molecular optimization, where a starting molecule with promising properties needs to be further optimized towards the desirable properties. Typically, chemists would apply chemical transformations to the starting molecule based on their intuition. A widely used strategy is the concept of matched molecular pairs where two molecules differ by a single transformation. In particular, a chemist would be interested in keeping one part of the starting molecule (core) constant, while substituting the other part (R-group), to optimize the starting molecule towards desirable properties. Motivated by this, we train a Transformer model, Transformer-R, to generate R-groups given the starting molecule (with its core and R-group specified) and the specified desirable properties. The generated R-groups will be attached to the core to form the final molecules, which are guaranteed to keep the core of interest and are expected to satisfy the desirable properties in the input. Our model could accelerate the process of optimizing antiviral drug candidates in terms of various properties of interest, e.g. pharmacokinetics.
Molecular Interactions between Pathogens and the Circadian Clock (2019)

The daily periodicity of the Earth's rotation around the Sun, referred to as circadian (Latin "circa" = about, and "diem" = day), is also mirrored in the behavior and metabolism of living beings. The discovery that dedicated cellular genes control various aspects of this periodicity has led to studies of the molecular mechanism of the circadian response at the cellular level. It is now established that the circadian genes impact on a large network of hormonal, metabolic, and immunological pathways, affecting multiple aspects of biology. Recent studies have extended the role of the circadian system to the regulation of infection, host-pathogen interaction, and the resultant disease outcome. This critical review summarizes our current knowledge of circadian-pathogen interaction at both systemic and cellular levels, but with emphasis on the molecular aspects of the regulation. Wherever applicable, the potential of a direct interaction between circadian factors and pathogenic macromolecules is also explored. Finally, this review offers new directions and guidelines for future research in this area, which should facilitate progress.
A robot test-bed for assistance and assessment in physical therapy (2001)

This article describes an experimental test-bed that was developed to assist and assess rehabilitation during physical and occupational therapy. A PUMA 260 robot was used for which a controller and interface software was developed in-house. The robot can operate in two modes: (i) passive and (ii) active. In the passive mode, the robot moves the subject’s arm through specified paths. In the active mode, a subject guides the robot along a predefined path overcoming a specified joint stiffness matrix. In this mode, the controller provides gravity compensation so that the robot can support its own weight in an arbitrary configuration. The developed graphical interface enables display of the current configuration of the robot in real-time, customize experiments to a specific subject, and collect force and position data during an experiment. The results of a preliminary study using this test-bed are also presented along with issues involved in choice of paths and interpretation of the results.
Measurements Of Thermal Conductivities Of Gases At High Temperatures And At High Pressures. (1978)

PhD
Accurate measurement of longitudinal cross-relaxation rates in nuclear magnetic resonance (2007)

The accuracy of the determination of longitudinal cross-relaxation rates in NMR can be improved by combining symmetrical reconversion with suitable operator swapping methods that lead to the averaging of differences in autorelaxation rates and eliminate the effects of cross relaxation with the environment. The principles are first discussed for an isolated two-spin system comprising a pair of 15N and 1HN nuclei subjected to chemical shift anisotropy and dipole-dipole relaxation, and then extended to include further protons. The gains in accuracy are demonstrated experimentally for the protein ubiquitin.
358: Intravesical Botulinum Toxin a Administration Produces Analgesia Against Acetic Acid Induced Bladder Pain Responses in Rats (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2004358: Intravesical Botulinum Toxin a Administration Produces Analgesia Against Acetic Acid Induced Bladder Pain Responses in Rats Yao-Chi Chuang, Naoki Yoshimura, Chao-Cheng Huang, Po-Hui Chiang, and Michael B. Chancellor Yao-Chi ChuangYao-Chi Chuang More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , Chao-Cheng HuangChao-Cheng Huang More articles by this author , Po-Hui ChiangPo-Hui Chiang More articles by this author , and Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37620-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "358: Intravesical Botulinum Toxin a Administration Produces Analgesia Against Acetic Acid Induced Bladder Pain Responses in Rats." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 94 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 94 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Yao-Chi Chuang More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Chao-Cheng Huang More articles by this author Po-Hui Chiang More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Thin Film Thermocouples Based on Aluminum and Nitrogen Co-Doped Zinc Oxide (2011)

Abstract not Available.
High-speed polarization imaging camera based on electrically driven PLZT waveplate and split focal plane (2008)

We present a Stokes polarization camera prototype based on an electro-optic ceramic (PLZT) as the key polarization component. Two pairs of electrodes are used to control the applied electric field and so the retardance and orientation of the induced waveplate. The active area of the PLZT element is 120x120µm. To increase the effective active area, a 2D array PLZT is used. Imaging through this 2D array with reduced fill factor is achieved by splitting the focal plane. The focal plane is split by a microlenses array and interacts with each element of the ceramic array. A modified focal plane is reconstructed by another microlenses array. Digital image processing is used to recover the prime focal plane information. The technology used in this device (ceramic element, 2D array, imaging with split focal plane) as well as characterization of the ceramic element and preliminary results will be presented.
Development of a pH Sensor Using Nanoporous Nanostructures of NiO (2014)

Glass is the conventional material used in pH electrodes to monitor pH in various applications. However, the glass-based pH electrode has some limitations for particular applications. The glass sensor is limited in the use of in vivo biomedical, clinical or food applications because of the brittleness of glass, its large size, the difficulty in measuring small volumes and the absence of deformation (inflexibility). Nanostructure-based pH sensors are very sensitive, reliable, fast and applicable towards in vivo measurements. In this study, nanoporous NiO nanostructures are synthesized on a gold-coated glass substrate by a hydrothermal route using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a stabilizer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used for the morphological and crystalline studies. The grown NiO nanostructures are uniform and dense, and they possess good crystallinity. A pH sensor based on these NiO nanostructures was developed by testing the different pH values from 2-12 of phosphate buffered saline solution. The proposed pH sensor showed robust sensitivity of -43.74 ± 0.80 mV/pH and a quick response time of less than 10 s. Moreover, the repeatability, reproducibility and stability of the presented pH sensor were also studied.
A lunar explorer self-contained PicoRover (2010)

In this paper some results of the study group of the Team FREDNET is presented, which designs a lunar rover for an open source mission to the Moon within the Google Lunar X-Prize (GLXP). Team FREDNET (TFN) is an open source non-profit program that combines the talents of scientists, engineers, and technologists to create a viable solution for the continued exploration of the lunar environment. A relatively simple model that fulfills all basic GLXP mission requirements of lunar rovers is presented. This design is based on a sphere that is able to roll in a regolith slope and steer over the surface. This is possible thanks to a very light weight self-enclosed device, that is the result of having selected Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components to conform the basic subsystems inside the box. This model has a diameter smaller than 0.15 meters and weights less than 500 grams. Moreover, it has a large payload area inside that is occupied by an Elphel model High Definition (HD) camera. The study of the Team FREDNET rover group involves a minimal number of subsystems. Each subsystem is afford by the technical expertise of the open source community. These subsystems are communications, thermal control, radiation protection, power supply, image processing, attitude determination, positioning and disposal. The communication and thermal issues as well as the duration of the mission are optimized in order to minimize the exposure to solar radiation and to the extreme effects of the Moon’s thermal environment.
Fluorinated boron subphthalocyanines: Lewis acid based templating chemistry facilitates random halide exchange, and fluoride versus chloride affects the basic photophysical properties and the solid-state arrangement (2019)

A sub-group of the phthalocyanine family, the boron subphthalocyanines (BsubPcs), have robust chemistry and can be readily modified at the axial and peripheral positions to tune their physical properties.
Oncogenic switching of hypoxia signalling pathways (2014)

Tumor hypoxia is strongly associated with an adverse prognosis in cancer, irrespective of treatment modality. Analysis of this association has revealed that hypoxia signalling pathways mediated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) are up-regulated in cancer, not only by micro-environment hypoxia, but also by diverse oncogenic signal pathways. Pan-genomic analysis of the HIF transcriptional cascade has demonstrated the massive extent of its actions on gene expression at multiple levels. Direct HIF targets include not only coding RNAs, but regulatory long non-coding RNAs, micro-RNAs and translational control proteins. Physiological pathways that are targeted by the HIF system are not restricted to those with direct actions in oxygen homeostasis, but include biosynthetic metabolic pathways as well as molecules acting on cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and survival decisions. Interestingly, isoform/isoenzyme specific patterns of metabolic gene expression that are induced by HIF map well onto those defined in rapidly proliferating normoxic tumor cells, which are also directly targeted by oncogenic pathways operating in parallel. The implication of oncogenic switching of these massive ‘hard-wired’ parallel physiological pathways for cancer phenotypes will be discussed.
Ladakh: An internet 3D multiuser system (1999)

We have developed a 3D multiuser system for the Internet called Ladakh. This system enables users to participate in a shared virtual world on the Internet and to communicate with each other. The system is based on a client–server system and uses the HTTP protocol between a client and a server to maintain compatibility with existing web network services. The system consists of multiple servers connected via a multicast network. The shared-world manager in each server communicates and guarantees consistency among the shared worlds of the distributed servers. Therefore, clients can share the same virtual world even though they communicate through different servers. We have also evaluated the proposed Ladakh system architecture. It was found that about 50 users could join the same shared world at the same time on Ladakh. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(3): 52–60, 1999
Effects of nanoparticles size and interactions on dielectric properties of polymer matrix flexible dielectric nanocomposites (2019)

Effects of particle size on the dielectric properties of polymer matrix flexible nanocomposites were studied. Synthesized barium titanate (BaTiO3; BT) nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes were effectively dispersed in the matrix polymer using a simple phase separation method. The dielectric responses of free-standing thin composite films were studied by impedance spectroscopy. The interactions between nanoparticles were also studied by finite element analysis and compared with experimental data using a time harmonic-electric current solver in the AC/DC module of COMSOL Multiphysics® 5.2. The dielectric permittivity of polymer matrix nanocomposites was remarkably affected by the BT particle size, while the dielectric loss did not show any noticeable changes. The real permittivity exhibited the highest value when the BT particle size was near 100 nm. The calculated energy density based on measured real permittivity and breakdown strength was as high as 17.24 J/cm3. The dielectric properties of polymer matrix nanocomposites can be improved by controlling the particle size of nanofillers in conjunction with surface treatment of fillers.
Synthesis of C -Aryl- N -cyclopropylnitrones (2003)

Abstract Synthesis of C-aryl-N-cyclopropylnitrones is described. Preparations were performed either by condensation of the appropriate aldehyde with N-cyclopropyl-hydroxylamine, or oxidation of N-substituted N-cyclopropylamines with sodium tungstate/hydrogen peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of the 2′‐C‐Methyl Branched Derivative of a Nucleoside Analogue Inhibitor of RNA Viral Infections, T‐1106. (2012)

Abstract Both the new title compound (IV) and its α‐anomer (V) exhibit neither significant antiviral activity nor cytotoxicity.
Three Cements Used for Orthodontic Banding of Porcelain Molars (2007)

The findings show that on porcelain teeth the band cements have comparable mean shear-peel bond strengths, but that band retention with RMGIC and compomer cement are superior to GIC when subjected to simulated mechanical fatigue.
Selective Suppression of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission by Nocistatin in the Rat Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn (2000)

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and nocistatin (NST) are two recently identified neuropeptides with opposing effects on several CNS functions, including spinal nociception. The cellular mechanisms that underlie this antagonism are not known. Here, we have investigated the effects of both peptides on synaptic transmission mediated by the three fast neurotransmitters l-glutamate, glycine, and GABA in the superficial layers of the rat spinal cord horn, which constitute the first important site of integration of nociceptive information in the pain pathway. NST selectively reduced transmitter release from inhibitory interneurons via a presynaptic Bordetella pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism but left excitatory glutamatergic transmission unaffected. In contrast, N/OFQ only inhibited excitatory transmission. In the rat formalin test, an animal model of tonic pain in which N/OFQ exerts antinociceptive activity, NST induced profound hyperalgesia after intrathecal application. Similar to glycine and GABA(A) receptor antagonists, NST had no significant effects in the rat tail-flick test, a model of acute thermal pain. Our results provide a cellular basis for the antagonism of N/OFQ and NST and suggest the existence of a so far unidentified membrane receptor for NST. In addition, they support a role of NST as an endogenous inhibitor of glycinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the sensory part of the spinal cord and as a mediator of spinal hyperalgesia.
Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Promotes Angiogenesis by Attenuating Proline-rich Homeodomain Protein (PRH) Transcription Factor Activity and De-repressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor Expression (2016)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability through proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix and intracellular signaling initiated upon its binding to uPAR/CD87 and other cell surface receptors. Here, we describe an additional mechanism by which uPA regulates angiogenesis. Ex vivo VEGF-induced vascular sprouting from Matrigel-embedded aortic rings isolated from uPA knock-out (uPA(-/-)) mice was impaired compared with vessels emanating from wild-type mice. Endothelial cells isolated from uPA(-/-) mice show less proliferation and migration in response to VEGF than their wild type counterparts or uPA(-/-) endothelial cells in which expression of wild type uPA had been restored. We reported previously that uPA is transported from cell surface receptors to nuclei through a mechanism that requires its kringle domain. Intranuclear uPA modulates gene transcription by binding to a subset of transcription factors. Here we report that wild type single-chain uPA, but not uPA variants incapable of nuclear transport, increases the expression of cell surface VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) by translocating to the nuclei of ECs. Intranuclear single-chain uPA binds directly to and interferes with the function of the transcription factor hematopoietically expressed homeodomain protein or proline-rich homeodomain protein (HHEX/PRH), which thereby lose their physiologic capacity to repress the activity of vehgr1 and vegfr2 gene promoters. These studies identify uPA-dependent de-repression of vegfr1 and vegfr2 gene transcription through binding to HHEX/PRH as a novel mechanism by which uPA mediates the pro-angiogenic effects of VEGF and identifies a potential new target for control of pathologic angiogenesis.
STAT5 triggersBCR-ABL1mutation by mediating ROS production in chronic myeloid leukaemia (2012)

We recently reported that chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients harbour high levels of STAT5 when they progress to advanced phases of disease. Advanced disease is characterized by an increased incidence of BCR-ABL1 mutations. We now describe a highly significant correlation between STAT5 expression and the incidence of BCR-ABL1 mutations in primary CML. Forced expression of STAT5 in murine BCR-ABL1 transformed cells sufficed to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to trigger DNA damage. STAT5-mediated ROS production is independent of JAK2 but requires concomitant BCR-ABL1 signalling as forced STAT5 expression in untransformed BCR-ABL1 negative cells has no impact on ROS levels. Only within the context of a BCR-ABL1 positive cell does STAT5 transcriptionally regulate a target gene or set of genes that causes the enhanced ROS production. Our study suggests the existence of a feed-forward loop accelerating disease progression, in which BCR-ABL1 enhances its own mutation rate in a STAT5-ROS dependent manner. This model explains the increased occurrence of inhibitor-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutations in advanced disease stages driven and characterized by high STAT5 expression.
Power Electronics in HEVs (2011)

Power electronics is one of the enabling technologies propelling the shift from conventional gasoline/diesel engine powered vehicles to electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. This chapter discusses power electronics used in HEV and PHEV with a focus the unique aspects of power electronics in HEV and PHEV. Various types of power converters, such as rectifier, buck converter, bidirectional DC-DC converter, and inverter are discussed with their uniqueness in HEV and PHEV. EV and PHEV Battery chargers, including conductive charger, inductive charger, wireless charger, and bidirectional charger are discussed in detail. Isolated and non-isolated converters are compared. The function of the bidirectional DC-DC converter between battery and inverter used in many HEVs are studied. Its function and advantages are briefly discussed.
Performance Analysis of Distributed Radio Telescopes under Shared Spectrum Access Paradigm (2017)

For sustainable growth and coexistence of cellular wireless communications (CWC) and radio astronomy system (RAS), a coordinated shared spectrum access paradigm was recently introduced. Embracing such paradigm, this paper proposes a distributed radio telescope (DRT) system which can geographically and spectrally coexist with CWC while offering additional capability or performance enhancement to RAS. Theoretical performance analysis of the DRT system with different quantization resolutions is presented, and approximate closed-form expressions are obtained. Furthermore, an analytical expression for the DRT system parameters under the shared spectrum access paradigm to achieve the same performance as the existing single-dish RAS with a radio quiet zone is developed to provide guidance in the DRT system design. The numerical and simulation results illustrate feasibility and potentials of the proposed DRT system.