gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-region hemispheric specialization differentiates human from nonhuman primate brain function (2013)

The human behavioral repertoire greatly exceeds that of nonhuman primates. Anatomical specializations of the human brain include an enlarged neocortex and prefrontal cortex (Semendeferi et al. in Am J Phys Anthropol 114:224–241, 2001), but regional enlargements alone cannot account for these vast functional differences. Hemispheric specialization has long believed to be a major contributing factor to such distinctive human characteristics as motor dominance, attentional control and language. Yet structural cerebral asymmetries, documented in both humans and some nonhuman primate species, are relatively minor compared to behavioral lateralization. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie these functional differences remains a goal of considerable interest. Here, we investigate the intrinsic connectivity networks in four primate species (humans, chimpanzees, baboons, and capuchin monkeys) using resting-state fMRI to evaluate the intra- and inter- hemispheric coherences of spontaneous BOLD fluctuation. All three nonhuman primate species displayed lateralized functional networks that were strikingly similar to those observed in humans. However, only humans had multi-region lateralized networks, which provide fronto-parietal connectivity. Our results indicate that this pattern of within-hemisphere connectivity distinguishes humans from nonhuman primates.
Bacterial Thymidine Kinase as a Non-Invasive Imaging Reporter for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Live Animals (2009)

We have developed a novel tool for non-invasive assessment of M. tuberculosis in live experimentally-infected animals. This tool will allow real-time pathogenesis studies in animal models of TB and has the potential to simplify preclinical studies and accelerate TB research.
Effective Optical Properties of Inhomogeneously Distributed Nanoobjects in Strong Field Gradients of Nanoplasmonic Sensors (2018)

Accurate and efficient modeling of discontinuous, randomly distributed entities is a computationally challenging task, especially in the presence of large and inhomogeneous electric near-fields of plasmons. Simultaneously, the anisotropy of sensed entities and their overlap with inhomogeneous fields means that typical effective medium approaches may fail at describing their optical properties. Here, we extend the Maxwell Garnett mixing formula to overcome this limitation by introducing a gradient within the effective medium description of inhomogeneous nanoparticle layers. The effective medium layer is divided into slices with a varying volume fraction of the inclusions and, consequently, a spatially varying effective permittivity. This preserves the interplay between an anisotropic particle distribution and an inhomogeneous electric field and enables more accurate predictions than with a single effective layer. We demonstrate the usefulness of the gradient effective medium in FDTD modeling of indirect plasmonic sensing of nanoparticle sintering. First of all, it yields accurate results significantly faster than with explicitly modeled nanoparticles. Moreover, by employing the gradient effective medium approach, we prove that the detected signal is proportional to not only the nanoparticle size but also its size dispersion and potentially shape. This implies that the simple volume fraction parameter is insufficient to properly homogenize these types of nanoparticle layers and that in order to quantify optically the state of the layer more than one independent measurement should be carried out. These findings extend beyond nanoparticle sintering and could be useful in analysis of average signals in both plasmonic and dielectric systems to unveil dynamic changes in exosomes or polymer brushes, phase changes of nanoparticles, or quantifying light absorption in plasmon assisted catalysis.
Dehumidification of Air by the Composite Membrane Coated with Hydrophilic Polymer on Inorganic Substrate (2008)

A membrane permeable to water vapor was prepared and used for dehumidification of air. At a given feed flow rate, the permeation ratios were almost independent to relative humidities of feed stream; The permeation ratios were about 45%, 60%, and 25% at feed flow rate of 50, 70, and 90cc/min, respectively. Permeation ratio might also be enhanced with increasing feed flow rate. However, the permeation ratio (about 25%) at a feed flow rate of 90cc/min was much less than at 50cc/min (about 45%) and 70cc/min (about 60%). This phenomenon might be explained that a water film does form at surface of membrane because the amount of water vapor contained in feed stream of 90cc/min was much more than the permeate through the membrane.
P-Type Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Nanostructures with Controlled Shape and Doping Level by Facile Microwave Synthesis (2014)

We report herein the development of a facile microwave irradiation (MWI) method for the synthesis of high-quality N-doped ZnO nanostructures with controlled morphology and doping level. We present two different approaches for the MWI-assisted synthesis of N-doped ZnO nanostructures. In the first approach, N-doping of Zn-poor ZnO prepared using zinc peroxide (ZnO2) as a precursor is carried out under MWI in the presence of urea as a nitrogen source and oleylamine (OAm) as a capping agent for the shape control of the resulting N-doped ZnO nanostructures. Our approach utilizes the MWI process for the decomposition of ZnO2, where the rapid transfer of energy directly to ZnO2 can cause an instantaneous internal temperature rise and, thus, the activation energy for the ZnO2 decomposition is essentially decreased as compared to the decomposition under conductive heating. In the second synthesis method, a one-step synthesis of N-doped ZnO nanostructures is achieved by the rapid decomposition of zinc acetate in a mixture of urea and OAm under MWI. We demonstrate, for the first time, that MWI decomposition of zinc acetate in a mixture of OAm and urea results in the formation of N-doped nanostructures with controlled shape and N-doping level. We report a direct correlation between the intensity of the Raman scattering bands in N-doped ZnO and the concentration of urea used in the synthesis. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate the successful synthesis of stable p-type N-doped ZnO nanostructures using the one-step MWI synthesis and, therefore, allow us to investigate, for the first time, the relationship between the doping level and morphology of the ZnO nanostructures. The results provide strong evidence for the control of the electrical behavior and the nanostructured shapes of ZnO nanoparticles using the facile MWI synthesis method developed in this work.
Stereochemical Differentiation of Mannose, Glucose, Galactose, and Talose Using Zinc(II) Diethylenetriamine and ESI−Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionStereochemical Differentiation of Mannose, Glucose, Galactose, and Talose Using Zinc(II) Diethylenetriamine and ESI−Ion Trap Mass SpectrometrySara P. Gaucher and Julie A. LearyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 15, 3337Publication Date (Web):July 7, 1998Publication History Published online7 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac9815599https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9815599correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (10 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data from Synergistic Immunostimulatory Effects and Therapeutic Benefit of Combined Histone Deacetylase and Bromodomain Inhibition in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Effective therapies for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain challenging despite an increasingly comprehensive understanding of somatically altered oncogenic pathways. It is now clear that therapeutic agents with potential to impact the tumor immune microenvironment potentiate immune-orchestrated therapeutic benefit. Herein, we evaluated the immunoregulatory properties of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and bromodomain inhibitors, two classes of drugs that modulate the epigenome, with a focus on key cell subsets that are engaged in an immune response. By evaluating human peripheral blood and NSCLC tumors, we show that the selective HDAC6 inhibitor ricolinostat promotes phenotypic changes that support enhanced T-cell activation and improved function of antigen-presenting cells. The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 attenuated CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;FOXP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T regulatory cell suppressive function and synergized with ricolinostat to facilitate immune-mediated tumor growth arrest, leading to prolonged survival of mice with lung adenocarcinomas. Collectively, our findings highlight the immunomodulatory effects of two epigenetic modifiers that, together, promote T cell–mediated antitumor immunity and demonstrate their therapeutic potential for treatment of NSCLC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; Selective inhibition of HDACs and bromodomain proteins modulates tumor-associated immune cells in a manner that favors improved T-cell function and reduced inhibitory cellular mechanisms. These effects facilitated robust antitumor responses in tumor-bearing mice, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of combining these epigenetic modulators for the treatment of NSCLC. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Discov; 7(8); 852–67. ©2017 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 783&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Ti‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsaturated α‐Amino Nitriles, Amides and Acids. Catalyst Identification Through Screening of Parallel Libraries. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One-Dimensional Modelling of Marine Current Turbine Runaway Behaviour (2016)

If a turbine loses its electrical load, it will rotate freely and increase speed, eventually achieving that rotational speed which produces zero net torque. This is known as a runaway situation. Unlike many other types of turbine, a marine current turbine will typically overshoot the final runaway speed before slowing down and settling at the runaway speed. Since the hydrodynamic forces acting on the turbine are dependent on rotational speed and acceleration, turbine behaviour during runaway becomes important for load analyses during turbine design. In this article, we consider analytical and numerical models of marine current turbine runaway behaviour in one dimension. The analytical model is found not to capture the overshoot phenomenon, while still providing useful estimates of acceleration at the onset of runaway. The numerical model incorporates turbine wake build-up and predicts a rotational speed overshoot. The predictions of the models are compared against measurements of runaway of a marine current turbine. The models are also used to recreate previously-published results for a tidal turbine and applied to a wind turbine. It is found that both models provide reasonable estimates of maximum accelerations. The numerical model is found to capture the speed overshoot well.
ABSOLUTE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF NITROCELLULOSE (1989)

Abstract Being one of the oldest known polymers, nitrocellulose has been the subject of study for over a century. It was initially used solely for military purposes; however, since the end of World War I its usage has expanded into the fiber and coatings industries where it has been a mainstay to the present day [1, 2]. General interest in the molecular weight characterization of nitrocellulose may be classified into two categories. The firstand more obvious reason for the relevance of this parameter is that the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution profoundly influence the properties of the product and affect the processability of the material, For instance, the molecular weight (hence, the viscosity of this material) is one of the most important factors that needs to be considered in the determination of the nonvolatile content in lacquers [21]. The second reason is that it is a soluble derivative of cellulose, for which direct molecular weight determination is problematic due to solubility difficulties. Thus, nitrocellulose, barring degradation during nitration, has been utilized as a practical means of indirectly arriving at the molecular weight distribution of the starting cellulose. Very closely tied with this second interest is the focus on the conformation of nitrocelluloses with different degrees of substitution. This piece of information has been a major source of questions related to the methodology of calibration when gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was chosen for molecular weight determination.
The leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test as an inflammation-related, plasma-dependent agglutination phenomenon (1998)

The leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test (LAAT) is a non-specific marker of inflammation. In the present study, we examined the expression of the CD11b/CD18 as well as the CD62L antigens on the surface of peripheral blood leukocytes in 84 patients with various inflammatory conditions and 60 controls by using whole blood flow cytometry. We also conducted several in vitro experiments in order to explain the mechanism of the leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation. A significant (r= -0.36, p<0.001) negative correlation was found between the expression of CD62L on the surface of peripheral blood polymorphonuclears and the state of LAA. There was no correlation between the availability of the CD11b/CD18 antigen and the adhesive state of these cells. In a series of in vitro experiments, we could show that it is possible to significantly reduce the number of aggregated leukocytes in the peripheral blood by using dilutions with buffer but not with plasma. There is no change in the degree of aggregation following incubation at low temperature in the presence of an aerobic metabolism blocker or following incubation with a divalent ion chelator. Additionally, white blood cells could be seen to adhere to protein-rich areas in the peripheral slides. We assume that the state of LAA in the peripheral blood as revealed by the LAA test is more a plasma factor-dependent agglutination than a firm aggregation phenomenon. Factors other than the leukocyte integrins or selectins should be sought as being responsible for this LAA phenomenon.
The formation and control of highly crumpled metal surfaces on a photocurable viscous liquid (2016)

Folds, highly deformed structures, have received extensive attention for their nonlinear responses due to a large strain on soft matters. To investigate the folding phenomena, here, we exploit residual tensile stress during metal deposition, which is large enough to compress a thin film coating and introduce a photocurable viscous fluid to decrease the resistance of the substrate against compressive stress. The system has the advantages of the abilities for freezing the highly deformed surfaces by post-UV exposure to the UV-crosslinkable substrate and manipulating the substrate effect by controlling the thickness of the substrate. We theoretically investigated the dependence on the substrate thickness using scaling analysis and demonstrated self-generated ladder and flower-like graphoepitaxial structures originated from the thickness design of the viscous substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship Analysis of 2‐(Aryl or Heteroaryl)quinolin‐4‐amines, a New Class of Anti‐HIV‐1 Agents. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Capillary electrophoresis of amino sugars with laser-induced fluorescence detection (1991)

3-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde has been utilized as a precolumn derivatization agent for various amino sugars. Constituents of various biological mixtures can be converted to highly fluorescent isoindole derivatives, separated by high-performance capillary electrophoresis and determined at attomole (10(-18) mol) levels by a laser-induced fluorescence detector. This method has been applied to the analysis of monosaccharides and acid-hydrolyzed polysaccharides. Carbohydrate moieties derived from a glycoprotein were also tagged and determined.
Increased expression and regional differences of atrial myosin light chain 1 in human ventricles with old myocardial infarction. Analyses using two monoclonal antibodies. (1992)

These results demonstrate increased expression of ALC1 and the regional differences in the failing left ventricles with old myocardial infarction. We conclude that the reexpression of ALC1 in infarcted ventricles occurs as one of the regional responses to increased load and may be a useful biochemical marker for the appearance of fetal-type myocytes.
L’oncologia mutazionale del carcinoma polmonare: marcatori molecolari, farmaci, condizioni negoziali ed esperienze in centri di riferimento nazionale (2021)

The gradual availability of genomic profiling tests and the "agnostic approvals" from FDA and EMA have opened the oncology mutational model phase, which complements and integrates the traditional hystological approach. The non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by many molecular alterations and represents the need of a change from the traditional diagnostic, therapeutic and organisational paradigms to the "mutational" ones. From the Italian National Healthcare System point of view, access and reimbursement of drugs based on the hystological model were managed thorugh the Italian Medicines Agency's (AIFA) monitoring registries and the managed entry agreements: risk-sharing, cost-sharing and payment by results. The Italian reference oncological centres, which contributed to this report with their experiences, have shown the heterogenous approach to the molecular diagnostics (included next generation system tests). Facing the high complexity of the mutational model, outcomes handling and genomic profiling tests access inevitably result different among centres. The activation of multidisciplinary groups for the government of clinical processes, appropriateness and economic sustainability are essential. The Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) allows the management of such complexity, the interpretation of genomic profiling outcomes and the choice of drugs that are alrealdy authorized by AIFA, off-label or still under investigation. Moreover, in order to guarantee the uniformity, the data traceability and the transparency of assessment reports, a network of MTB must be validated by AIFA through specific criteria. To date, the oncological centres presented by this report are undergoing the experimental phase of the national genomic operating system implementation and represent the starting point of the deep organisational changement to the mutational approach and of its real and appropriate integration into the daily clinical practice.
High energy swift heavy ion irradiation and annealing effects on DC electrical characteristics of 200 GHz SiGe HBTs (2019)

The total ionizing dose (TID) and non ionizing energy loss (NIEL) effects of 100 MeV phosphorous (P7+) and 80 MeV nitrogen (N6+) ions on 200 GHz silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) were examined in the total dose range from 1 to 100 Mrad(Si). The in-situ I–V characteristics like Gummel characteristics, excess base current (ΔIB), net oxide trapped charge (NOX), current gain (hFE), avalanche multiplication (M − 1), neutral base recombination (NBR) and output characteristics (IC-VCE) were analysed before and after irradiation. The significant degradation in device parameters was observed after 100 MeV P7+ and 80 MeV N6+ ion irradiation. The 100 MeV P7+ ions create more damage in the SiGe HBT structure and in turn degrade the electrical characteristics of SiGe HBTs more when compared to 80 MeV N6+. The SiGe HBTs irradiated up to 100 Mrad of total dose were annealed from 50 °C to 400 °C in different steps for 30 min duration in order to study the recovery of electrical characteristics. The recovery factors (RFs) are employed to analyse the contribution of room temperature and isochronal annealing in total recovery.
Techniques for release of material into an environment (2023)

Systems and methods for releasing a material into an environment. The material may be encapsulated in a receptacle or otherwise packaged for movement into the environment. The receptacle with the material inside is introduced into the environment. A triggering causes release of the material from the receptacle into the environment.
Improvement of mitomycin C‐ and cyclophosphamide‐induced thrombocytopenia and leucocytopenia by prior treatment with deoxyspergualin in dogs (1994)

Deoxyspergualin (DGS) is a new immunosuppressant which has shown inhibitory haemopoietic activity. We investigated the myeloprotective effect of DSG against the haemopoietic injury of mitomycin C (MMC) or cyclophosphamide (CYC) by measuring peripheral blood cell numbers in dogs. DSG given at 5 mg/kg on days 3, 2 and 1 before, or at 10 mg/kg on either days 2 and 1 before or on day 1 before and the day of injection of MMC at 0.25 mg/kg ameliorated both the thrombocytopenia and leucopenia caused by MMC. This ameliorative effect was more evident on platelet counts than on white blood cell counts. In addition, the leucopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by a single injection of CYC at 10 mg/kg was also ameliorated by prior DSG administration. These findings suggest that DSG may be useful in protecting against the haemopoietic damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer.
Deformable Velcro surfaces (2002)

We present a new approach to segmentation of 3-D shapes that initializes and then optimizes a 3-D surface model given only the data and a very small number of 3-D seed points and corresponding surface normals. This is a valuable capability for medical, robotic and cartographic applications where such seed points can be naturally supplied. In effect, the surface model is clamped onto the object boundary in manner reminiscent of a Velcro being closed. We develop the method's mathematic framework and show preliminary results using volumetric medical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>