gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic ultrasonic particle separators with engineered node locations and geometries (2023)

An ultrasonic microfluidic system includes a separation channel for conveying a sample fluid containing small particles and large particles, flowing substantially parallel, adjacent to a recovery fluid, with which it is in contact. An acoustic transducer produces an ultrasound standing wave, that generates a pressure field having at least one node of minimum pressure amplitude. An acoustic extension structure is located proximate to said separation channel for positioning said acoustic node off center in said acoustic area and concentrating the large particles in said recovery fluid stream.
Mouse middle-ear forward and reverse acoustics (2021)

The mouse is an important animal model for hearing science. However, our knowledge of the relationship between mouse middle-ear (ME) anatomy and function is limited. The ME not only transmits sound to the cochlea in the forward direction, it also transmits otoacoustic emissions generated in the cochlea to the ear canal (EC) in the reverse direction. Due to experimental limitations, a complete characterization of the mouse ME has not been possible. A fully coupled finite-element model of the mouse EC, ME, and cochlea was developed and calibrated against experimental measurements. Impedances of the EC, ME, and cochlea were calculated, alongside pressure transfer functions for the forward, reverse, and round-trip directions. The effects on sound transmission of anatomical changes such as removing the ME cavity, pars flaccida, and mallear orbicular apophysis were also calculated. Surprisingly, below 10 kHz, the ME cavity, eardrum, and stapes annular ligament were found to significantly affect the cochlear input impedance, which is a result of acoustic coupling through the round window. The orbicular apophysis increases the delay of the transmission line formed by the flexible malleus, incus, and stapes, and improves the forward sound-transmission characteristics in the frequency region of 7-30 kHz.
Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers with Amphiphilic Surface and Their Interactions with Phospholipids — Insights from Mass Spectrometry (2013)

A series of new peptide dendrimers with amphiphilic surface, designed around a dendronized ornithine (Orn) core were synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS, ¹H-, ¹³C- NMR, and CD spectrometry. An improved antimicrobial potency against S. aureus and E. coli was detected as a result of an increased charge, higher branching and variable lipophilicity of the residues located at the C-terminus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that the selected dendrimers were not sensitive to the physiological concentration of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions (100 mM), but expressed reduced potency at 10 mM concentration of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions. Circular dichroism (CD) curves measured under various conditions revealed structure and solvent-dependent curve evolution. ESI-MS studies of gas-phase interactions between selected dendrimers and both anionic (DMPG) and neutral (DMPC) phospholipids revealed the presence of variously charged dendrimer/phospholipid aggregates with 1:1 to 1:5 stoichiometry. The collision-induced fragmentation (CID) of the most abundant [dendrimer/phospholipid]²⁺ ions of the 1:1 stoichiometry demonstrated that the studied dendrimers formed stronger complexes with anionic DMPG. Both phospholipids have higher affinity towards dendrimers with a more compact structure. Higher differences in CID energy necessary for dissociation of 50% of the complex formed by dendrimers with DMPG vs. DMPC (ΔCID₅₀) correlate with a lower hemotoxicity. Mass spectrometry results suggest that for a particular group of compounds the ΔCID₅₀ might be one of the important factors explaining selectivity of antimicrobial peptides and their branched analogs targeting the bacterial membrane. Both circular dichroism and mass spectrometry studies demonstrated that dendrimers of N(α)- and N(ε)-series possess a different conformation in solution and different affinity to model phospholipids, what might influence their specific microbicidal mechanism.
Temperature Dependence of Charge and Spin Transfer in Azurin (2021)

The steady-state charge and spin transfer yields were measured for three different Ru-modified azurin derivatives in protein films on silver electrodes. While the charge-transfer yields exhibit weak temperature dependences, consistent with operation of a near activation-less mechanism, the spin selectivity of the electron transfer improves as temperature increases. This enhancement of spin selectivity with temperature is explained by a vibrationally induced spin exchange interaction between the Cu(II) and its chiral ligands. These results indicate that distinct mechanisms control charge and spin transfer within proteins. As with electron charge transfer, proteins deliver polarized electron spins with a yield that depends on the protein’s structure. This finding suggests a new role for protein structure in biochemical redox processes.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Low Levels of Circulating Estrogen Sensitize PTEN-Null Endometrial Tumors to PARP Inhibition <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 409K, Figure S2. The histology of Olaparib treated estrogen deprived PTEN-null tumors was similar to vehicle treated counterparts and resembled human endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Gene cloning, expression, and characterization of phenolic acid decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis RM84 (2010)

Phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD) catalyzes the synthesis of vinyl phenols from hydroxycinnamic acids. The gene encoding PAD from Lactobacillus brevis was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant PAD enzyme is a heat-labile enzyme that functions optimally at 22 degrees C and pH 6.0. The purified enzyme did not show thermostability at temperatures above 22 degrees C. L. brevis PAD is able to decarboxylate exclusively the hydroxycinnamic acids, such as p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids, with K (m) values of 0.98, 0.96, and 0.78 mM, respectively. The substrate specificity exhibited by L. brevis PAD is similar to the PAD isolated from Bacillus subtilis and B. pumilus, but different from that of L. plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. As the C-terminal region may be involved in determining PAD substrate specificity and catalytic capacity, amino acid differences among these proteins could explain the differences observed. The substrate specificity shown by L. brevis PAD shows promise for the synthesis of high-added value products from plant wastes.
Informative Sensing (2009)

Compressed sensing is a recent set of mathematical results showing that sparse signals can be exactly reconstructed from a small number of linear measurements. Interestingly, for ideal sparse signals with no measurement noise, random measurements allow perfect reconstruction while measurements based on principal component analysis (PCA) or independent component analysis (ICA) do not. At the same time, for other signal and noise distributions, PCA and ICA can significantly outperform random projections in terms of enabling reconstruction from a small number of measurements. In this paper we ask: given the distribution of signals we wish to measure, what are the optimal set of linear projections for compressed sensing? We consider the problem of finding a small number of linear projections that are maximally informative about the signal. Formally, we use the InfoMax criterion and seek to maximize the mutual information between the signal, x, and the (possibly noisy) projection y=Wx. We show that in general the optimal projections are not the principal components of the data nor random projections, but rather a seemingly novel set of projections that capture what is still uncertain about the signal, given the knowledge of distribution. We present analytic solutions for certain special cases including natural images. In particular, for natural images, the near-optimal projections are bandwise random, i.e., incoherent to the sparse bases at a particular frequency band but with more weights on the low-frequencies, which has a physical relation to the multi-resolution representation of images.
Levels of E2F-1 expression are higher in lung metastasis of colon cancer as compared with hepatic metastasis and correlate with levels of thymidylate synthase. (2000)

We recently reported that forced overexpression of the transcription factor E2F-1 in human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells resulted in corresponding high levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and resistance to 5-fluoropyrimidines (D. Banerjee et al., Cancer Res., 58: 4292-4296, 1998). Because colorectal metastasis to the lung has higher TS levels than liver metastasis and is less responsive to treatment with 5-fluorouracil (R. Gorlick et al., J. Clin. Oncol., 16: 1465-1469, 1998), it was, therefore, of interest to measure E2F-1 expression in these tumors. In contrast to marginally increased levels of dihydrofolate reductase and topoisomerase I in lung metastasis as compared with liver metastasis, lung tumors had a 5-fold increase in E2F-1 expression as compared with liver tumors, corresponding to the relative levels of TS in these metastases. These data indicate that there exists a close correlation between E2F-1 and TS levels and provide a rationale for targeting this transcription factor, ie., E2F-1, for the treatment of certain cancers.
Computerized design and generation of space-variant holographic filters: 2: Applications of space-variant filters to optical computing (1988)

Holographic optical elements (HOEs) of space-variant impulse response have been designed and generated using a computerized optical system. HOEs made of dichromated gelatin have been produced and used for spatial light modulator defect removal and optical interconnects. Experimental performance and characteristics are presented.
Efficient evaluation of relevance feedback for multidimensional all-pairs retrieval (2003)

New retrieval applications support flexible comparison for all-pairs best match operations based on a notion of similarity or distance. The distance between items is determined by some arbitrary distance function. Users that pose queries may change their definition of the distance metric as they progress. The distance metric change may be explicit or implicit in an application (e.g., using relevance feedback). Recomputing from scratch the results with the new distance metric is wasteful. In this paper, we present an efficient approach to recomputing the all-pairs best match (join) operation using the new distance metric by re-using the work already carried out for the old distance metric. Our approach reduces significantly the work required to compute the new result, as compared to a naive re-evaluation.
Epoxy Flooring/Oil Fly Ash as a Multifunctional Composite with Enhanced Mechanical Performance for Neutron Shielding and Chemical-Resistance Applications (2022)

Heavy-oil fly ash (HOFA) is a graphitic carbon powder extracted in vast amounts as a waste material from burning crude oil in power plants. This HOFA has attractive structural properties besides its high amount of pure carbon (∼90 wt %). This powder exists in spherical, highly porous micron-sized particles, which implies its great potential as a mechanical reinforcement for different polymers. In this work, HOFA has been utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy flooring at HOFA weight fractions of 0, 1, 1.6, and 3.2 wt %. The obtained results revealed that the prepared epoxy-flooring/HOFA composites at a HOFA content of 1.6 wt % showed significant mechanical improvements compared with the pristine polymer. The tensile strength and Young's module values were enhanced by ∼17 and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, the neutron-shielding performance was investigated. The composite with 1.6 wt % showed better neutron attenuation and lower transmittance than the pristine epoxy. The chemical resistance was also extensively studied against sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. The changes in morphology, chemical elements, mass, volume, and molecular structures were investigated rigorously for pristine epoxy and its composite with HOFA at 1.6 wt %. After exposure to these chemicals for 21 days, the tested properties of the epoxy-flooring/HOFA composite showed better chemical resistance than that of the pristine epoxy. Where the epoxy-flooring/HOFA composite showed a surface with low cracks and blistering, it showed lesser changes in mass and volume and fewer molecular structure changes. These results indicated that it is possible to use this multifunctional composite for several applications, including the petrochemical industry, radiation shielding, construction, and automobiles.
No-boundary thinking: a viable solution to ethical data-driven AI in precision medicine (2021)

Today Artificial Intelligence (AI) supports difficult decisions about policy, health, and our personal lives. The AI algorithms we develop and deploy to make sense of information, are informed by data, and based on models that capture and use pertinent details of the population or phenomenon being analyzed. For any application area, more importantly in precision medicine which directly impacts human lives, the data upon which algorithms are run must be procured, cleaned, and organized well to assure reliable and interpretable results, and to assure that they do not perpetrate or amplify human prejudices. This must be done without violating basic assumptions of the algorithms in use. Algorithmic results need to be clearly communicated to stakeholders and domain experts to enable sound conclusions. Our position is that AI holds great promise for supporting precision medicine, but we need to move forward with great care, with consideration for possible ethical implications. We make the case that a no-boundary or convergent approach is essential to support sound and ethical decisions. No-boundary thinking supports problem definition and solving with teams of experts possessing diverse perspectives. When dealing with AI and the data needed to use AI, there is a spectrum of activities that needs the attention of a no-boundary team. This is necessary if we are to draw viable conclusions and develop actions and policies based on the AI, the data, and the scientific foundations of the domain in question.
Case Studies to Demonstrate Application of Multiscale Modeling for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (2020)

No AccessDiscontinuous Fiber-Reinforced CompositesMar 2020Case Studies to Demonstrate Application of Multiscale Modeling for Fiber-Reinforced PolymersUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang SongUmesh N. GandhiSearch for more papers by this author, Sebastian GorisSearch for more papers by this author, Tim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Yu-Yang SongSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906958.008SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 311-370Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-694-1eISBN: 978-1-56990-695-8 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Biomechanical Comparison of Anterior Instrumentation for the Cervical Spine (1995)

Metal fixation has been advocated to achieve immediate local stabilization during anterior cervical fusion surgery. Screw loosening, screw backout, and breakage of screws or plates remain clinical complications that warrant concern. This study examined the biomechanical characteristics of a prototype anterior cervical plating system with unique screw and plate geometries in comparison to a fixation system currently used clinically. Compared with a standard screw design, a taper screw design resulted in increased ultimate strength and fatigue life. The addition of a locking pin hole in the tapered screw made the screw's fatigue life comparable to the standard design. Pullout strength was comparable in all screw designs. The prototype fixation system had higher strength in pure compression and compression with bending than the comparative system, while also demonstrating improved fatigue characteristics. The tensile bending stiffness of the prototype was double that of the comparative system and within the anatomical range of cervical vertebrae, the bending moment was greater. Torsional yield strength was greater than the reported breaking strength of cervical disc in situ for both systems. The unique designs of the screw and plate geometry resulted in an anterior cervical plate fixation system that is stronger with decreased risk of fatigue failure than a currently used system. Clinical evaluation in patients requiring immediate stabilization is warranted.
Power Mobility and Socialization in Preschool (2011)

Short-term, adult-directed power mobility and socialization training appear feasible for the preschool classroom. Important issues regarding socialization and power mobility are discussed.
Intragenic microdeletion of RUNX2 is a novel mechanism for cleidocranial dysplasia (2008)

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD; MIM 119600) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by facial, dental, and skeletal malformations. To date, rearrangement and mutations involving RUNX2, which encodes a transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation on 6p21, has been the only known molecular etiology for CCD. However, only 70% patients were found to have point mutations, 13% large/contiguous deletion but the rest of 17% remains unknown. We ascertained a family consisted of eight affected individuals with CCD phenotypes. Direct sequencing analysis revealed no mutations in the RUNX2. Real time quantitative PCR were performed which revealed an exon 2 to exon 6 intragenic deletion in RUNX2. Our patients not only demonstrated a unique gene change as a novel mechanism for CCD, but also highlight the importance of considering "deletion" and "duplication" in suspected familial cases before extensive effort of gene hunting be carried.
A Product of a Templated Solid-State Photodimerization Acts as a Template: Single-Crystal Reactivity in a Single Polymorph of a Cocrystal (2013)

The concept of using a product of a template-directed solid-state reaction as a template is demonstrated. A cyclobutane lined with four carboxylic acid groups is employed as the template in photoreactive cocrystals. The resulting material is shown to exhibit polymorphism.
A 7-Gene Signature of the Recipient Predicts the Progression of Fibrosis After Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2011)

Fibrosis recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a universal event and strongly determines a patient's prognosis. The recipient risk factors for fibrosis recurrence are still poorly defined. Here we assess a genetic risk score as a predictor of fibrosis after LT. The cirrhosis risk score (CRS), which comprises allele variants in 7 genes (adaptor-related protein complex 3 S2, aquaporin 2, antizyme inhibitor 1, degenerative spermatocyte homolog 1 lipid desaturase, syntaxin binding protein 5-like, toll-like receptor 4, and transient receptor potential cation channel M5), was calculated for 137 patients who underwent LT for HCV infection and experienced HCV reinfection of the graft. The patients were stratified into 3 CRS categories: <0.5, 0.5 to 0.7, and >0.7. All patients underwent protocol biopsy after LT (median follow-up = 5 years), and liver fibrosis was assessed according to the Desmet and Scheuer score. The data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. The results showed that the highest CRS category was strongly associated with the presence of F2 or F3 fibrosis in protocol biopsy samples 1, 3, and 5 years after LT (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, and P = 0.02, respectively). Overall, 75.0% of the patients with a CRS > 0.7 developed at least F2 fibrosis, whereas 51.5% developed F3 fibrosis during follow-up. The predictive value of the CRS for fibrosis progression was independent of known clinical risk factors, including the age of the donor, the sex of the recipient, and the occurrence of acute rejection. A Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the prognostic value of the CRS with respect to the recurrence of severe liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients after LT (log rank = 6.23, P = 0.03). In conclusion, the genetic signature of the recipient predicts the likelihood of severe liver fibrosis in the graft after HCV recurrence. The CRS might help with early clinical decision making (eg, the selection of patients for antiviral therapy after LT).
Field-effect conductivity scaling for two-dimensional materials with tunable impurity density (2022)

Abstract A scaling law is demonstrated in the conductivity of gated two-dimensional (2D) materials with tunable concentrations of ionized impurity scatterers. Experimental data is shown to collapse onto a single 2D conductivity scaling (2DCS) curve when the mobility is scaled by r , the relative impurity-induced scattering, and the gate voltage is shifted by <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , a consequence of impurity-induced doping. This 2DCS analysis is demonstrated first in an encapsulated 2D black phosphorus multilayer at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>K</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with charge trap densities programmed by a gate bias upon cooldown, and next in a Bi 2 Se 3 2D monolayer at room temperature exposed to varying concentrations of gas adsorbates. The observed scaling can be explained using a conductivity model with screened ionized impurity scatterers. The slope of the r vs. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> plot defines a disorder-charge specific scattering rate <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>d</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>d</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> equivalent to a scattering strength per unit impurity charge density: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> indicates a preponderance of positively charged impurities with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> for negatively charged. This 2DCS analysis is expected to be applicable in arbitrary 2D materials systems with tunable impurity density, which will advance 2D materials characterization and improve performance of 2D sensors and transistors.
Synthesis and incorporation of a furan-modified adenosine building block for DNA interstrand crosslinking (2011)

2'-O-(3-(Furan-2-yl)propyl)adenosine was synthesized and evaluated for interstrand crosslink (ICL) formation in DNA duplexes. In situ oxidation of the furan moiety with NIS showed rapid crosslink formation to dA and dC, while dT and dG were inactive.
Penetration depth of 106-μm radiation in Plexiglas (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Girard, S. L. Chin, and C. Delisle, "Penetration depth of 10.6-μm radiation in Plexiglas," Appl. Opt. 18, 1295-1296 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article