gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds (2021)

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment and Non-Flux Lead-Free-Soldering of Cu Wire and Strand (2006)

There has been an intensive effort in the industries in recent years to replace leaded solder with lead-free process in order to minimize the emission of toxic materials. However, leaded solder is still used in many cases where no alternative lead-free process is currently available. Leaded soldering of the wire terminals is one of the worst examples as it causes cross contamination of lead into the lead-free solder bath during the successive process. To avoid this problem, it is important to develop a new process of successfully removing polymer film coated on a copper wire. We have investigated the use of atmospheric pressure plasma as a solution for the polymer removal in conjunction with lead-free solder plating. The atmospheric plasma technology has some unique advantages compared with the conventional low pressure plasma processes such as low cost operation and high speed processing as the chemical reaction tends to be more enhanced at higher pressure. An atmospheric micro-plasma source was thus developed for this purpose and its high etching rate of more than 100 μm/min with fluorine gas mixture was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was found that the copper wires processed by this plasma could be readily plated with lead-free solder at low temperature of 250°C without any use of fluxes even at 168 h after removing the polymer film.
Data from Src Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Adhesion and Chemotaxis in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma characterized by widespread involvement of the bone marrow. Despite different options of therapy, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is still incurable. Src tyrosine kinase has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and survival in solid tumors. We sought to determine whether the protein tyrosine kinase Src regulates adhesion, migration, and survival in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We tested the expression of Src tyrosine kinase in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and normal cells, and the effect of the specific Src inhibitor AZD0530 on the adhesion, migration, cell cycle, and survival of a Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cell line and patient samples. Moreover, we tested the effect of AZD0530 on cytoskeletal and cell cycle signaling in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We show that Src is overexpressed in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cells compared with control B cells, and that the use of the Src inhibitor AZD0530 led to significant inhibition of adhesion, migration, and cytoskeletal signaling induced by SDF1. Moreover, inhibition of Src activity induced G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cell cycle arrest; however, it had minimal effect on survival of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cells, and no significant effect on survival of normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Taken together, these results delineate the role of Src kinase activity in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and provide the framework for future clinical trials using Src inhibitors in combination with other drugs to improve the outcome of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6035–41)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Robust Medical Test Evaluation Using Flexible Bayesian Semiparametric Regression Models (2013)

The application of Bayesian methods is increasing in modern epidemiology. Although parametric Bayesian analysis has penetrated the population health sciences, flexible nonparametric Bayesian methods have received less attention. A goal in nonparametric Bayesian analysis is to estimate unknown functions (e.g., density or distribution functions) rather than scalar parameters (e.g., means or proportions). For instance, ROC curves are obtained from the distribution functions corresponding to continuous biomarker data taken from healthy and diseased populations. Standard parametric approaches to Bayesian analysis involve distributions with a small number of parameters, where the prior specification is relatively straight forward. In the nonparametric Bayesian case, the prior is placed on an infinite dimensional space of all distributions, which requires special methods. A popular approach to nonparametric Bayesian analysis that involves Polya tree prior distributions is described. We provide example code to illustrate how models that contain Polya tree priors can be fit using SAS software. The methods are used to evaluate the covariate-specific accuracy of the biomarker, soluble epidermal growth factor receptor, for discerning lung cancer cases from controls using a flexible ROC regression modeling framework. The application highlights the usefulness of flexible models over a standard parametric method for estimating ROC curves.
Small signal AC-surface photovoltage technique for non-contact monitoring of near surface doping and recombination-generation in the depletion layer[Alternating Current] (2000)

Small signal non-contact ac-SPV method for monitoring near surface doping (NSD) in silicon has recently been introduced in commercial diagnostic tools. High chopping frequency light with a submicron penetration depth is used to generate small SPV signal and this signal is in turn monitored using a transparent pickup electrode. This technique has the advantage of producing fast, non-destructive full wafer measurement. Under certain conditions, the magnitude of this ac-SPV signal is inversely proportional to the depletion layer capacitance. if a depletion layer barrier height is known this allows the calculation of the concentration of ionized donors or acceptors in the depletion layer. NSD measurements by ac-SPV method were typically done for doping concentrations up to about 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}3}. Only recently this range has been extended to 10{sup 18} cm{sup {minus}3}, making it a very attractive technique for monitoring low and medium dose implants and especially for wafer scale mapping of implant uniformity and activation efficiency. In addition, the frequency dependence of the SPV signal provides a mean for evaluating the minority carrier lifetime in the near surface region of bulk and epitaxial wafers. The influence of surface/interface traps upon small ac-SPV signal has never been fully understood. Thismore » paper quantifies the role of interface traps in the monitoring of NSD. The effect of typical surface treatments such as HF, SC1 and SC1+SC2 wafer cleans are examined.« less
Evaluation of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as coronavirus protease inhibitors (2017)

The current study was designed to assess the inhibitory activity of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived polyphenols against 3-chymotrypsin-like and papain-like coronavirus cysteine proteases. The isolated compounds were broussochalcone B (1), broussochalcone A (2), 4-hydroxyisolonchocarpin (3), papyriflavonol A (4), 3'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3',4,7-trihydroxyflavane (5), kazinol A (6), kazinol B (7), broussoflavan A (8), kazinol F (9), and kazinol J (10). All polyphenols were more potent against papain-like protease (PL<sup>pro</sup>) than against 3-chymotripsin-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>); therefore, we investigated their structural features that were responsible for this selectivity. Compound 4 was the most potent inhibitor of PL<sup>pro</sup> with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 3.7 μM. The active compounds displayed kinetic behaviors, and the binding constants of their interaction with PL<sup>pro</sup> were determined from surface plasmon resonance analysis. Our results suggest B. papyrifera constituents as promising candidates for development into potential anti-coronaviral agents.
Variational Shape Reconstruction via Quadric Error Metrics (2023)

Inspired by the strengths of quadric error metrics initially designed for mesh decimation, we propose a concise mesh reconstruction approach for 3D point clouds. Our approach proceeds by clustering the input points enriched with quadric error metrics, where the generator of each cluster is the optimal 3D point for the sum of its quadric error metrics. This approach favors the placement of generators on sharp features, and tends to equidistribute the error among clusters. We reconstruct the output surface mesh from the adjacency between clusters and a constrained binary solver. We combine our clustering process with an adaptive refinement driven by the error. Compared to prior art, our method avoids dense reconstruction prior to simplification and produces immediately an optimized mesh.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Copper‐Promoted C—Heteroatom Bond Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Boronic Acids and Derivatives (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
COSINE: COndition-SpecIfic sub-NEtwork identification using a global optimization method (2011)

The R code is available as the COSINE package on CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/COSINE/index.html.
Feasibility study of a camera-based PUF in a realistic scenario (2020)

Supply chain management is critical in industrial efforts to reduce costs and time, stabilize product supply, and improve profitability. Surveillance cameras play a significant role in supply chain management, as they can record work activities to achieve appropriate monitoring of company operations. A solution for ensuring the reliability of the video taken by a surveillance camera is to achieve data integrity using a cryptographic algorithm. Another important solution is the identification of a surveillance camera to ensure the traceability of video. This paper proposes a novel approach for video-based fingerprint extraction and key generation, that can be used for camera PUF construction. Our experiment shows that a 256-bit key can be extracted from 50 frames of a normal video with a resolution of 800 X 600 pixels, and we theoretically prove that our methodology satisfies the randomness, uniqueness, steadiness, and unpredictability requirements. Our PUF construction can thus be used to identify a surveillance camera from a video.
Ultrasmall CuI Nanoparticles Stabilized on Surface of HPMC: An Efficient Catalyst for Fast and Organic Solvent‐Free Tandem Click Chemistry in Water (2022)

A simple and environmentally benign technology for synthesizing ultrasmall Cu<sup>I</sup> nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of the food additive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and their application in completely organic solvent-free tandem alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions were reported. The NP catalyst was thoroughly characterized by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis for its morphology, particle size distribution, chemical composition, and oxidation state analyses. The NP catalyst was highly efficient, affording products in 10-45 min. All products were obtained in high purity by simple filtration, obviating organic solvents from the reaction set-up to product isolation. The methodology is general and scalable as validated by a broad substrate scope.
Label-free optical-resolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy in vivo (2015)

Intravital microscopy techniques have become increasingly important in biomedical research because they can provide unique microscopic views of various biological or disease developmental processes in situ.Here we present an opticalresolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy (OR-PAEM) system that visualizes internal organs with a much finer resolution than conventional acoustic-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy systems.By combining gradient index (GRIN) lens-based optical focusing and ultrasonic ring transducer-based acoustic focusing, we achieved a transverse resolution as fine as ~10 μm at an optical working distance of 6.5 mm.The OR-PAEM system's high-resolution intravital imaging capability is demonstrated through animal experiments.
Aryl Rhodanines are Potent Inhibitors of Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation (2008)

Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the leading causative agents of indwelling medical device infections because of their ability to form biofilms on artificial surfaces. Biofilm infections are difficult to eradicate using conventional antibiotics, resulting in increased patient mortality and morbidity. To address this unmet medical need, we are developing a class of small molecules that inhibit staphylococcal biofilm formation.
Differential Expression of Porins OmpP2A and OmpP2B of Haemophilus ducreyi (2004)

Haemophilus ducreyi is a strict human pathogen and the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid. The genome of the human-passaged strain of H. ducreyi (35000HP) contains two homologous genes whose protein products have estimated molecular masses of 46 and 43 kDa. A comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that these proteins share 27 to 33% identity to the outer membrane protein P2 (OmpP2), a major porin of Haemophilus influenzae. Therefore, these proteins have been designated OmpP2A and OmpP2B, respectively. The detection of ompP2A and ompP2B transcripts by reverse transcriptase PCR indicated that these genes were independently transcribed in H. ducreyi 35000HP. Western blot analysis of outer membrane proteins isolated from a geographically diverse collection of H. ducreyi clinical isolates revealed that OmpP2A and OmpP2B were differentially expressed among these strains. Although PCR analysis suggested that ompP2A and ompP2B were conserved among the strains tested, the differential expression observed was due to nucleotide additions and partial gene deletions. Purified OmpP2A and OmpP2B were isolated under nondenaturing conditions, and subsequent analysis demonstrated that these two proteins exhibited porin activity. OmpP2A and OmpP2B are the first porins described for H. ducreyi.
Enhancing Benign User Cooperation in the Presence of Malicious Adversaries in Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Decentralized and unstructured networks are becoming more prevalent today (e.g. ad hoc networks). Like every network, they depend on the cooperation of their users to survive. However, each user does not necessarily know who the others are, or what their intentions are. Since there is no centralized infrastructure, the users can only base their decision on what they observe themselves. Ideally, they would like to cooperate only with users that have common interests with them. In this paper, we use a game theoretic model for the above situation. We assume there are only two kinds of users, good (benign) and bad (malicious). Good users receive a high game theoretic payoff when they cooperate with other good users, but a low payoff when they cooperate with bad users. We propose behavior rules (strategies) to achieve equilibria that enable as many good users as possible to cooperate with each other, and at the same time minimize the number of good-bad cooperations
Asymmetric Two-Way Relay with Doubly Nested Lattice Codes (2011)

Two-way relaying can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency of bi-directional information transmission between two nodes with the help of half-duplex relays. However, in the general case of asymmetric channel gains, the achievable rates of both directions are restricted by the link with the worse channel quality. In this paper, we propose a new three-phase cooperative transmission protocol, which exploits the direct link and the time resource of a two-way relay system more efficiently. We derive the rate region outer bound of this protocol, and propose a practical transmission scheme based on doubly nested lattice codes, which can achieve this outer bound within 0.5 bit. Numerical results show the superiority of this protocol over two other classical protocols in asymmetric channels.
Novel broadband photodetector for optical communication (2005)

Broadband photodetector having detection capability ranging from visible to near infrared can be useful as a common detector for both data and transport applications. The capability of using single detector for all application in optical communication as the receiver, not only makes the total system cost lower, but it also makes easier the system vendors to reduce the inventory. We proposed detector having the detection capability ranging from 650 nm to 1750 nm, wavelengths that covers all optical communication wavelengths application. This invited paper has two-fold objectives: (a) provide a comprehensive overview of conventional photodetectors and their types, being used in today's optical communication and (b) introduce a development of multi-wavelength photo detector which authors pioneered. The features of proposed multiwavelength detector are simple structure, low-cost, high quantum efficiency, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Investigation of Pd/MoOx/n-Si diodes for bipolar transistor and light-emitting device applications (2020)

Sub-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoOx) has recently been investigated for application in high efficiency Si solar cells as a “hole selective” contact. In this paper, we investigate the electrical and light-emitting properties of MoOx-based contacts on Si from the viewpoint of realizing functional bipolar devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and transistors without any impurity doping of the Si surface. We realized diodes on n-type Si substrates using e-beam physical vapor deposition of Pd/MoOx contacts and compared their behavior to implanted p+n-Si diodes as a reference. In contrast to majority-carrier dominated conduction that occurs in conventional Schottky diodes, Pd/MoOx/n-Si diodes show minority-carrier dominated charge transport with I–V, C–V, and light-emitting characteristics comparable to implanted counterparts. Utilizing such MoOx-based contacts, we also demonstrate a lateral bipolar transistor concept without employing any doped junctions. A detailed C–V analysis confirmed the excessive band-bending in Si corresponding to a high potential barrier (&amp;gt;0.90 V) at the MoOx/n-Si interface which, along with the observed amorphous SiOx(Mo) interlayer, plays a role in suppressing the majority-carrier current. An inversion layer at the n-Si surface was also identified comprising a sheet carrier density greater than 8.6×1011 cm−2, and the MoOx layer was found to be conductive though with a very high resistivity in the 104 Ω-cm range. We refer to these diodes as metal/non-insulator/semiconductor diodes and show with our device simulations that they can be mimicked as high-barrier Schottky diodes with an induced inversion layer at the interface.
An energy-tunable positronium beam produced using the photodetachment of the positronium negative ion (2012)

We report here the production of an energy-tunable monoenergetic positronium beam using photodetachment of the positronium negative ion, a bound state of one positron and two electrons. The ions were produced efficiently by bombarding a Na-coated tungsten surface with a pulsed slow positron beam and accelerated using a static electric field. On irradiating the ions with a high intensity pulsed laser light, a positronium beam with a hitherto unrealized energy range of up to 1.9 keV has been produced in an ultra high vacuum environment.
Relations existant entre le tissu osseux et le tissu musculaire (2016)

Le GRIO (Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur les Ostéoporoses) est une société savante originale regroupant l’ensemble des spécialités s’intéressant aux pathologies osseuses fragilisantes, représentante française au sein de l’International Osteoporosis Foundation. Ce programme est unique dans l’année en France, combinant des lectures sur des sujets de recherche parfois très fondamentale à des mises au point de pratique médicale destinées aux cliniciens intéressés par ce domaine toujours en évolution&lt;br/&gt;Le GRIO (Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur les Ostéoporoses) est une société savante originale regroupant l’ensemble des spécialités s’intéressant aux pathologies osseuses fragilisantes, représentante française au sein de l’International Osteoporosis Foundation.Ce programme est unique dans l’année en France, combinant des lectures sur des sujets de recherche parfois très fondamentale à des mises au point de pratique médicale destinées aux cliniciens intéressés par ce domaine toujours en évolution
The pre-clinical absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of IPI-926, an orally bioavailable antagonist of the hedgehog signal transduction pathway (2013)

1. IPI-926 is a novel semisynthetic cyclopamine derivative that is a potent and selective Smoothened inhibitor that blocks the hedgehog signal transduction pathway. 2. The in vivo clearance of IPI-926 is low in mouse and dog and moderate in monkey. The volume of distribution is high across species. Oral bioavailability ranges from moderate in monkey to high in mouse and dog. Predicted human clearance using simple allometry is low (24 L h(-1)), predicted volume of distribution is high (469 L) and predicted half-life is long (20 h). 3. IPI-926 is highly bound to plasma proteins and has minimal interaction with human α-1-acid glycoprotein. 4. In vitro metabolic stability ranges from stable to moderately stable. Twelve oxidative metabolites were detected in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsome incubations and none were unique to human. 5. IPI-926 is not a potent reversible inhibitor of CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9 or 3A4 (testosterone). IPI-926 is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 (midazolam) with KI values of 19, 16 and 4.5 µM, respectively. IPI-926 is both a substrate and inhibitor (IC50 = 1.9 µM) of P-glycoprotein. 6. In summary, IPI-926 has desirable pre-clinical absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties.
Optimizing diode thickness for thin-film solid state thermal neutron detectors (2012)

In this work, we investigate the optimal thickness of a semiconductor diode for thin-film solid state thermal neutron detectors. We evaluate several diode materials, Si, CdTe, GaAs, C (diamond), and ZnO, and two neutron converter materials, 10B and 6LiF. Investigating a coplanar diode/converter geometry, we determine the minimum semiconductor thickness needed to achieve maximum neutron detection efficiency. By keeping the semiconductor thickness to a minimum, gamma rejection is kept as high as possible. In this way, we optimize detector performance for different thin-film semiconductor materials.