gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Z-boson production in p-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 8.16 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV (2020)

A bstract Measurement of Z-boson production in p-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt></mml:math> = 8 . 16 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt></mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV is reported. It is performed in the dimuon decay channel, through the detection of muons with pseudorapidity − 4 &lt; η μ &lt; − 2 . 5 and transverse momentum $$ {p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mu } $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math> &gt; 20 GeV/ c in the laboratory frame. The invariant yield and nuclear modification factor are measured for opposite-sign dimuons with invariant mass 60 &lt; m μμ &lt; 120 GeV/ c 2 and rapidity 2 . 5 &lt; $$ {y}_{\mathrm{cms}}^{\mu \mu} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mi>cms</mml:mi><mml:mi>μμ</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math> &lt; 4. They are presented as a function of rapidity and, for the Pb-Pb collisions, of centrality as well. The results are compared with theoretical calculations, both with and without nuclear modifications to the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). In p-Pb collisions the center-of-mass frame is boosted with respect to the laboratory frame, and the measurements cover the backward ( − 4 . 46 &lt; $$ {y}_{\mathrm{cms}}^{\mu \mu} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mi>cms</mml:mi><mml:mi>μμ</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math> &lt; − 2 . 96) and forward (2 . 03 &lt; $$ {y}_{\mathrm{cms}}^{\mu \mu} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mi>cms</mml:mi><mml:mi>μμ</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math> &lt; 3 . 53) rapidity regions. For the p-Pb collisions, the results are consistent within experimental and theoretical uncertainties with calculations that include both free-nucleon and nuclear-modified PDFs. For the Pb-Pb collisions, a 3 . 4 σ deviation is seen in the integrated yield between the data and calculations based on the free-nucleon PDFs, while good agreement is found once nuclear modifications are considered.
The effect of Rhodiola kirilowii extracts on tumor-induced angiogenesis in mice (2012)

Rhodiola kirilowii is an adaptogenic plant indigenous to the high altitude of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The plant is used in the Chinese traditional medicine for various purposes, mainly as general adaptogen for enhancement of the ability of anti-anoxia, protecting people against cardiopulmonary function problems when moving to high altitude, mild anti-stress and anti-inflammatory action. In our previous studies we obtained for the first time evidence of in vitro and in vivo immunotropic activity of Rhodiola kirilowii aqueous (RKW) and hydro-alcoholic (RKA) extracts in mice, rats and pigs. The first aim of the present work was to compare the in vivo influence of these two extracts on cutaneous angiogenesis induced in Balb/c mice by grafting sarcoma L-1 syngeneic tumor cells. The second aim was to compare the in vitro influence of RKW and RKA extracts on the migration as well as on the proliferation of murine endothelial (HECa10) cells and on the proliferation of murine tumor (L-1 sarcoma) cells in tissue culture. Results: In vivo, RKA administered orally significantly suppressed neovascular reaction to L-1 sarcoma cells. Rhodiola kirilowii aqueous had no influence on cutaneous angiogenesis reaction. In vitro, experiments showed that both extracts have stimulated the proliferation of HECa10 cells, and both of them suppressed proliferation of L-1 sarcoma cells. Inhibitory effect of RKA extract and stimulatory influence of RKW extract on HECa10 cells migration in the presence of L-1 sarcoma cells were observed. These findings might partly explain the differences in their in vivo effect.
TSV Cu Plating and Implications for CMP (2011)

In the work presented here, we focused on fabrication of Cu nails for 3D Stacked-Integrated-Circuits (3D-SIC) applications using electrochemical deposition from the bath with model ('open source') additives. We have studied the effects of bath composition on the Cu fill profile and overburden, and have also examined the correlations between phenomena observed during post-plating-processing and bath composition. Based on these results, we explored different approaches to improving Cu removal rate during Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP).
Reliability analysis of rotary couplers on unit-train coal cars (1983)

Failure data furnished for rotary couplers on 100 ton, unit train coal cars were analyzed. The data were found to be compatible with a failure model based on a Weibull distribution. Failure rates for broken and worn-out couplers showed a very sharp increase at approximately 298,000 km (185,000 miles). These were couplers that were replaced at repair shops due to regular inspection. Missing couplers, i.e., those that failed in service, had a higher failure rate at the lower mileages. At the higher mileages, however, the failure rate for the worn-out couplers was the highest.
ChemInform Abstract: The First (2.1)Paracyclo‐(3,5)‐naphthalenophane‐1‐enes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AHR signaling is induced by infection with coronaviruses (2021)

Coronavirus infection in humans is usually associated to respiratory tract illnesses, ranging in severity from mild to life-threatening respiratory failure. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was recently identified as a host factor for Zika and dengue viruses; AHR antagonists boost antiviral immunity, decrease viral titers and ameliorate Zika-induced pathology in vivo. Here we report that AHR is activated by infection with different coronaviruses, potentially impacting antiviral immunity and lung epithelial cells. Indeed, the analysis of single-cell RNA-seq from lung tissue detected increased expression of AHR and AHR transcriptional targets, suggesting AHR signaling activation in SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cells from COVID-19 patients. Moreover, we detected an association between AHR expression and viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Finally, we found that the pharmacological inhibition of AHR suppressed the replication in vitro of one of the causative agents of the common cold, HCoV-229E, and the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these findings suggest that AHR activation is a common strategy used by coronaviruses to evade antiviral immunity and promote viral replication, which may also contribute to lung pathology. Future studies should further evaluate the potential of AHR as a target for host-directed antiviral therapy.
Relevance Modeling for Microblog Summarization (2021)

This paper introduces a new type of summarization task, known as microblog summarization, which aims to synthesize content from multiple microblog posts on the same topic into a human-readable prose description of fixed length. Our approach leverages (1) a generative model which induces event structures from text and (2) a user behavior model which captures how users convey relevant content.
Visual Spectroscopy and Colour Modelling for Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Apple (2010)

Potential of visual spectroscopy and colour data obtained using simple handheld colourimeter was investigated for nondestructive prediction of two important internal quality parameters of apple: total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix) and titrable acidity (TA). Apple colour in terms of Hunter lab L, a, b values and visual spectral (400 to 700 nm) reflectance values of five cultivars were determined. Empirical models were fitted to L, a, b values and partial least squares and multiple linear regression models were fitted to spectral reflection data. The model predictions were validated via full-cross validation technique. Statistical analyses of the results indicate that TA is better predicted than TSS or TA/TSS ratio using colour values. The models based on colour values are better than those using spectral reflectance data. A linear model with colour parameters a, b and a2 fitted the experimental TA values with R values of 0.767 and 0.679 for calibration and validation, respectively.
Thermally Enhanced n‐Type Thermoelectric Behavior in Completely Organic Graphene Oxide‐Based Thin Films (2018)

Abstract Air‐stable n‐type organic thermoelectric (TE) materials with high power factor are needed to produce efficient, lightweight devices that could be self‐powered by harnessing waste heat. Here, a completely organic n‐type TE nanocomposite is achieved by depositing layers of double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT) stabilized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and graphene oxide (GO) in a layer‐by‐layer fashion from aqueous solutions. A 30 bilayer (BL) film (≈610 nm thick), comprised of this DWNT‐PEI/GO sequence, exhibits electrical conductivity of 27.3 S cm −1 and a Seebeck coefficient of −30 µV K −1 , producing a power factor of 2.5 µW m −1 K −2 . Low temperature thermal reduction (150 °C for 30 min) of this composite thin film significantly improves its thermoelectric performance. An electrical conductivity of 460 S cm −1 and Seebeck coefficient of −93 µV K −1 are achieved. A 30 BL DWNT‐PEI/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film (≈480 nm thick) exhibits a power factor as large as 400 µW m −1 K −2 , which is one of the highest values reported for an organic n‐type material. By depositing layers containing montmorillonite clay on top, these n‐type nanocomposites exhibit excellent air stability. This combination of air stability and high power factor could enable efficient thermoelectric devices on flexible substrates (e.g., clothing).
A Novel Bioreactor for Stimulating Skeletal Muscle In Vitro (2009)

For over 300 years, scientists have understood that stimulation, in the form of an electrical impulse, is required for normal muscle function. More recently, the role of specific parameters of the electrical impulse (i.e., the pulse amplitude, pulse width, and work-to-rest ratio) has become better appreciated. However, most existing bioreactor systems do not permit sufficient control over these parameters. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to engineer an inexpensive muscle electrical stimulation bioreactor to apply physiologically relevant electrical stimulation patterns to tissue-engineered muscles and monolayers in culture. A low-powered microcontroller and a DC-DC converter were used to power a pulse circuit that converted a 4.5 V input to outputs of up to 50 V, with pulse widths from 0.05 to 4 ms, and frequencies up to 100 Hz (with certain operational limitations). When two-dimensional cultures were stimulated at high frequencies (100 Hz), this resulted in an increase in the rate of protein synthesis (at 12 h, control [CTL] = 5.0 + or - 0.16; 10 Hz = 5.0 + or - 0.07; and 100 Hz = 5.5 + or - 0.13 fmol/min/mg) showing that this was an anabolic signal. When three-dimensional engineered muscles were stimulated at 0.1 ms and one or two times rheobase, stimulation improved force production (CTL = 0.07 + or - 0.009; 1.25 V/mm = 0.10 + or - 0.011; 2.5 V/mm = 0.14146 + or - 0.012; and 5 V/mm = 0.03756 + or - 0.008 kN/mm(2)) and excitability (CTL = 0.53 + or - 0.022; 1.25 V/mm = 0.44 + or - 0.025; 2.5 V/mm = 0.41 + or - 0.012; and 5 V/mm = 0.60 + or - 0.021 V/mm), suggesting enhanced maturation. Together, these data show that the physiology and function of muscles can be improved in vitro using a bioreactor that allows the control of pulse amplitude, pulse width, pulse frequency, and work-to-rest ratio.
Calmodulin activation of Aurora-A kinase (AURKA) is required during ciliary disassembly and in mitosis (2012)

The centrosomal Aurora-A kinase (AURKA) regulates mitotic progression, and overexpression and hyperactivation of AURKA commonly promotes genomic instability in many tumors. Although most studies of AURKA focus on its role in mitosis, some recent work identified unexpected nonmitotic activities of AURKA. Among these, a role for basal body-localized AURKA in regulating ciliary disassembly in interphase cells has highlighted a role in regulating cellular responsiveness to growth factors and mechanical cues. The mechanism of AURKA activation involves interactions with multiple partner proteins and is not well understood, particularly in interphase cells. We show here that AURKA activation at the basal body in ciliary disassembly requires interactions with Ca(2+) and calmodulin (CaM) and that Ca(2+)/CaM are important mediators of the ciliary disassembly process. We also show that Ca(2+)/CaM binding is required for AURKA activation in mitosis and that inhibition of CaM activity reduces interaction between AURKA and its activator, NEDD9. Finally, mutated derivatives of AURKA impaired for CaM binding and/or CaM-dependent activation cause defects in mitotic progression, cytokinesis, and ciliary resorption. These results define Ca(2+)/CaM as important regulators of AURKA activation in mitotic and nonmitotic signaling.
Electromagnetic Stabilization of Weakly Conducting Fluids (1987)

Classical hydromagnetic theory predicts that the flow of dilute aqueous electrolyte in a slit can be stabilized by application of a strong, transverse magnetic field. However, recent experiments indicate that stabilization can be achieved with the use of a much weaker field in the presence of a small lateral current. A revised theory describes how the magnetic and electric fields interact to eliminate natural convection.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods for the Synthesis of Oxindole Alkaloids. Total Synthesis of Isopteropodine and Pteropodine. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aging model for solid lubricants used in weapon stronglinks: tribological performance and hardware review (1997)

The solid lubricant used most extensively in strong links throughout the enduring stockpile contains MoS{sub 2}, which is known to react with oxygen and water vapor resulting in a change in the material`s friction and wear behavior. The authors have examined the frictional behavior of this lubricant as a function of oxidation, in support of efforts to quantify the impact of changes in the material on the dynamic behavior of the MC2969 strong link. Their results show that the friction response of oxidized lubricant is strongly influenced by the amount of burnishing performed on the lubricant after deposition. Low levels of burnish leave a thick film, of which only the near surface degrades during oxidation. Rapid wear of the oxidized material leaves a surface whose properties are the same as non-oxidized material. Higher levels of burnish leave a thinner film of lubricant such that the entire film may be oxidized. The friction coefficient on this surface reaches a steady state value greater than that of non oxidized material. In addition to these fundamental differences in steady state behavior, they have shown that the initial friction coefficient on oxidized surfaces is related to the amount of sulfide converted to sulfate, regardless of the oxidation conditions used. Measurements on parts returned from the stockpile show that the friction behavior of aged hardware is consistent with the behavior observed on controlled substrates containing thin lubricant films.
VCSEL arrays expanding the range of high-power laser systems and applications (2015)

Thermal treatment may be by far the most frequent process used in manufacturing, but only at a few places lasers could make an inroad. For thermal treatment homogeneous illumination of large areas at a lower brightness, and accurate temporal as well as spatial control of the power is required. This is complicated for conventional high-power lasers, while VCSEL arrays inherently have these capabilities. Because of their fast switching capability and low power dissipation, vertical-cavity surface emitting laser-diodes (VCSELs) have been widely used for datacom and sensing applications. By forming large-area arrays with hundreds of VCSELs per mm2, their use can be further expanded to high-power applications. In this way power densities of several W/mm2 are achieved, making VCEL arrays an ideal solution for many heating applications, ranging from melting and welding of plastics and laminates to curing, drying and sintering of coatings. A turn-key system concept has been developed allowing fast and easy configuring systems to the specifications of the applications. The compact and robust system can be built directly into the manufacturing equipment, thus making expensive fibers and homogenizing optics superfluous. These systems are now finding their first inroads into industrial applications and have been designed-in into commercially available production machines.
Assessing the benefit of adaptive null-steering using real-world signals (2010)

This study compared the noise reduction of adaptive null-steering and near-hypercardioid directional hearing-aid algorithms via performance on real-world signals. Using subject-individualized and generic (i.e. similar to current hearing aids), off-line frequency-domain implementations, we processed recordings made through two microphones of a BTE device worn by five subjects. Recording scenarios included homes, offices, cafés, streets, buses, and automobiles. We found practically all (> 95% of recording time) adaptive noise-reduction benefit for generic implementations is below 1.2 dB, and 96% and 92% is below 2 dB for 16-and 32-band individualized implementations, respectively. A 256-band, individualized implementation showed a majority of benefit between 1-4 dB. We found no extended (> 2 s) continuous periods of significant (> 2 dB) benefit for the generic adaptive implementations. The recordings-having many independent and simultaneously active sources, spatially extended sources, significant reverberation, or combinations thereof-indicate an environment comprising few instances of high direct-to-diffuse energy situations. Combined with results from previous field trials, the evidence suggests that such an environment is common and represents a significant limitation on adaptive benefit.
A Peptide Derived from the -Helical Region of Class I MHC Blocks CTL Engagement of the Class I MHC Molecule (1989)

Murine class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins originally described as transplantation antigens responsible for mediating allogenic skin graft rejections (Snell et al. 1976). These complex molecules have also been shown to play an important role in immune responses by presenting antigen to cytolytic T cells, allowing them to recognize foreign antigens in an MHC-restricted fashion (Zinkernagel and Doherty 1979). More current studies propose that foreign antigens in the form of peptidic fragments are presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in association with the class I molecule (Maryanski et al. 1986; Townsend et al. 1986; Braciale et al. 1987; Staertz et al. 1987; Takahashi et al. 1988). Although recognition and processing of nominal antigens is well documented (Schwartz et al. 1978; Corradin and Chiller 1979; Maryanski et al. 1986; Townsend et al. 1986; Braciale et al. 1987; Schwartz 1987), questions concerned with the nature of T-cell...
RUNX1 loss renders hematopoietic and leukemic cells dependent on IL-3 and sensitive to JAK inhibition (2023)

Disease-initiating mutations in the transcription factor RUNX1 occur as germline and somatic events that cause leukemias with particularly poor prognosis. However, the role of RUNX1 in leukemogenesis is not fully understood, and effective therapies for RUNX1-mutant leukemias remain elusive. Here, we used primary patient samples and a RUNX1-KO model in primary human hematopoietic cells to investigate how RUNX1 loss contributes to leukemic progression and to identify targetable vulnerabilities. Surprisingly, we found that RUNX1 loss decreased proliferative capacity and stem cell function. However, RUNX1-deficient cells selectively upregulated the IL-3 receptor. Exposure to IL-3, but not other JAK/STAT cytokines, rescued RUNX1-KO proliferative and competitive defects. Further, we demonstrated that RUNX1 loss repressed JAK/STAT signaling and rendered RUNX1-deficient cells sensitive to JAK inhibitors. Our study identifies a dependency of RUNX1-mutant leukemias on IL-3/JAK/STAT signaling, which may enable targeting of these aggressive blood cancers with existing agents.
Zwitterionic pyrrolidine-2,2-diylbis(phosphonic acid) at 100, 150 and 293 K (2000)

The title compound, C4H11NO6P2, reveals a two-dimensional network of P—O—H⋯O&z-dbnd;P and N—H⋯O&z-dbnd;P hydrogen-bond interactions, forming molecular slabs parallel with the (010) plane. One O—H⋯O interaction is distinct within these sets: whilst forming the shortest intermolecular hydrogen bond, it possesses a short P—O(H) bond of 1.5291 (10) Å. Weak C—H⋯O contacts link individual stacks to produce a three-dimensional array. The compound is zwitterionic: one H atom from a P—O—H group has transferred to the pyrrolidine ring N atom.
Emissions reduction from MSW (municipal solid waste) combustion systems using natural gas. Task 2. Pilot-scale assessment of emissions-reduction strategies. Final report, August 1987-October 1989 (1990)

Pilot-scale assessment of natural gas reburning for NOX reduction from municipal solid waste (MSW) combustors has been completed. The initial study was undertaken to investigate the potential for NOX reduction using reburning at furnace temperatures and residence times consistent with typical MSW combustors. Tests investigated the impacts of reburn zone residence time, stoichiometry, and temperature; amount of natural gas, level of NH3 injection; level of flue gas recirculation; and overall stoichiometric ratio. Up to 70% NOX reduction was achieved with reburning under conditions that simulated the firing of 1,700,000 Btu/h of MSW. Subsequently, testing with actual MSW was undertaken at Riley Stoker Corp. on a 2,500,000 Btu/h pilot-scale MSW combustor that incorporates scaled Takuma Co., Ltd., grates and closely simulates commercial operation. The impacts of firing rate, overall excess air level, grate stoichiometry, reburn stoichiometry, reburn residence time, and overfire air/natural gas/recirculated flue gas flows/distribution/injection locations were investigated. These tests demonstrated NOX reductions of 50% to 70% for natural gas additions of 7% to 15% (of the total fuel higher heating value) while low CO and THC emissions were maintained. Injections of natural gas were also found to significantly stabilize the furnace environment. An economic analysis was performed for retrofitmore » applications and showed reburning to be a cost-effective alternative to other NOX reduction techniques including thermal de-NOX. A field test site has been selected and preliminary engineering for the modifications and test plan have been completed.« less