gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Aldol and Reformatsky Reactions of α-Halo Carbonyl Compounds and Aldehydes Mediated by Titanium(II) Chloride (2000)

Abstract Highly diastereoselective aldol reactions of α-bromo ketones with several aldehydes were successfully carried out by using a combination of titanium(II) chloride and copper or sodium iodide in dichloromethane-pivalonitrile at low temperature. Similarly, Reformatsky reactions of α-bromo thioester with aliphatic aldehydes proceeded to afford β-hydroxy thioesters in good yields under mild conditions.
Low-Latency Burst Error Detection and Correction in Decision-Feedback Equalization (2021)

This article describes low latency, zero overhead DFE burst error correction technique. Without any encoder or decoder latency, the proposed technique makes use of the existing pre-cursor ISI to detect and correct errors on a burst of data. The implemented proof-of-concept 2-tap DFE prototype in 65nm CMOS operates at 16 Gb/s and compensates 32 dB loss consuming 58 mW only. With an additional 18 mW, the receiver enables error correction capability that translates to 2-to-6 dB SNR gain depending on the pre-cursor magnitude. Experimental results demonstrate that for lossy channels where pre-cursor is 60% or higher of main, this error correction outperforms RS(528, 514) without any overhead and with much lower latency and power consumption.
Microporous Patterned Electrodes for Color-Matched Electrochromic Polymer Displays (2004)

The emergence of electroactive and conducting polymers offers new opportunities for the design of materials for electrochromic devices (ECDs). Of these, poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)s (PXDOTs) and their derivatives exhibit the most promising electrochromic (EC) properties. Here, we report the use of highly porous metallized membranes which allow the production of patterned, rapid-switching, reflective ECDs. Using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and the dimethyl-substituted derivative PProDOT-Me2 as the active EC materials, we have obtained switching times of 0.1−0.2 s (5−10 Hz) to achieve full EC contrast. These polymers yield reflective contrast values of up to 90% in the NIR and ∼60% in the visible regions. In addition, the ECDs were switched repetitively 180 000 times with less than 10% contrast loss. We have also demonstrated a 2 × 2 pixelated display device built using shadow mask patterning. Two cathodically coloring polymers which exhibit two distinct colors in their neutral states (blue and red) are patterned on a porous metallized electrode to yield a highly contrasted surface. Upon simultaneous oxidation of these polymers, the bi-color surface is rapidly bleached presenting a uniform shiny gold surface.
A novel soft-switching double modulation converter (DMC) (2002)

This paper introduces a new and simple power converter topology by which both the amplitude and the duty cycle are modulated to achieve soft switching characteristic in a standard half bridge configuration. This novel double modulation power converter (DMC) is able to provide zero voltage switching and nonpulsating input ripple current. Constant switching frequency, simple control and gate drive circuit makes the DMC an ideal power converter to fill the low to medium power application gap in which the soft switching phase modulation method is costly to apply. The DMC is also applicable to full bridge circuits for higher power output. An offline 1 MHz 50 W DMC is built which demonstrates the high efficiency and the compactness of the power converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Maximum Optical Power Efficiency in SDM-Based Optical Communication Systems (2017)

We demonstrate the existence of an optimal spectral efficiency that maximizes the power efficiency and/or capacity of a power limited erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-based space division multiplexing transmission system. Optimal spectral efficiency observed experimentally is in good agreement with a theoretical estimate.
Imprinting layer specific magnetic anisotropies in amorphous multilayers (2009)

We demonstrate how layer specific in-plane magnetic anisotropy can be imprinted in amorphous multilayers. The anisotropy is obtained by growing the magnetic layers in the presence of an external field and the anisotropy direction can thereby be arbitrarily chosen for each of the magnetic layers. We used Co68Fe24Zr8 and Al70Zr30 layers as building blocks for demonstrating this effect. The imprinting is expected to be obtainable for a wide range of amorphous materials when grown at temperatures below the magnetic ordering temperature.
A Convenient Method for Preparing Alkyl-Functionalized Silicon Nanocubes (2012)

The first solid-state synthesis of diamond structure silicon nanocube structures with edge lengths of 8-15 nm is reported. It is well-established that controlled high-temperature processing of hydrogen silsesquioxane produces exceptionally well-defined pseudospherical silicon nanocrystals. However, only a small number of accounts outlining shape-controlled synthesis have appeared. We report here that, upon prolonged annealing in an oxide matrix, nanocrystal surfaces thermodynamically self-optimize, yielding particles with cubic geometries. Surface functionalization of the resulting nanocubes is readily achieved via thermal hydrosilylation. Discussion will include description of the synthetic procedure, comprehensive material characterization, and the factors that lead to the formation of cubic structures.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Phase II Study of Lutetium-177–Labeled Anti-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Monoclonal Antibody J591 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 117K, Supplemental Figure 1A: PSA waterfall plots by dose received. Each individual subjects best PSA response on study. The top figure depicts those subjects who received 65 mCi/m2 and the bottom figure depicts those who received 70 mCi/m2 (the phase I maximum tolerated dose). Supplemental Figure 1B: Circulating Tumor Cell Count waterfall plot Each individual subjects % change in CTC count from baseline to 4-6 weeks following therapy with 70 mCi/m2 of 177Lu-J591. Using the 5 CTC/7.5 mL cutoff, 6 began and remained favorable, 3 converted from unfavorable to favorable (7--&gt;3, 18--&gt;0, 34--&gt;0), and 3 had decline in counts, but remained unfavorable (161--&gt;118, 228--&gt;110, 60--&gt;16). Three subjects had 0 CTCs per 7.5 mL blood at baseline and remained with 0 at follow up. Supplemental Figure 1C: Change in measurable disease Each individual subject with measurable disease is depicted with % change in sum of unidimensional measurements (RECIST). Dose of 177Lu-J591 received is indicted by color.&lt;/p&gt;
Using transgenic modulation of protein synthesis and accumulation to probe protein signaling networks in Arabidopsis thaliana (2011)

Deployment of new model species in the plant biology community requires the development and/or improvement of numerous genetic tools. Sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome opened up a new challenge of assigning biological function to each gene. As many genes exhibit spatiotemporal or other conditional regulation of biological processes, probing for gene function necessitates applications that can be geared toward temporal, spatial and quantitative functional analysis in vivo. The continuing quest to establish new platforms to examine plant gene function has resulted in the availability of numerous genomic and proteomic tools. Classical and more recent genome-wide experimental approaches include conventional mutagenesis, tagged DNA insertional mutagenesis, ectopic expression of transgenes, activation tagging, RNA interference and two-component transactivation systems. The utilization of these molecular tools has resulted in conclusive evidence for the existence of many genes, and expanded knowledge on gene structure and function. This review covers several molecular tools that have become increasingly useful in basic plant research. We discuss their advantages and limitations for probing cellular protein function while emphasizing the contributions made to lay the fundamental groundwork for genetic manipulation of crops using plant biotechnology.
Harnessing innate lung anti-cancer effector functions with a novel bacterial-derived immunotherapy (2017)

Acute infection is known to induce strong anti-tumor immune responses, but clinical translation has been hindered by the lack of an effective strategy to safely and consistently provoke a therapeutic response. These limitations are overcome with a novel treatment approach involving repeated subcutaneous delivery of a <i>Klebsiella</i>-derived investigational immunotherapeutic, QBKPN. In preclinical models of lung cancer, QBKPN administration consistently showed anti-cancer efficacy, which was dependent on <i>Klebsiella</i> pre-exposure, but was independent of adaptive immunity. Rather, QBKPN induced anti-tumor innate immunity that required NK cells and NKG2D engagement. QBKPN increased NK cells and macrophages in the lungs, altered macrophage polarization, and augmented the production of cytotoxic molecules. An exploratory trial in patients with non-small cell lung cancer demonstrated QBKPN was well tolerated, safe, and induced peripheral immune changes suggestive of macrophage polarization and reduction of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on leukocytes. These data demonstrate preclinical efficacy, and clinical safety and tolerability, for this cancer immunotherapy strategy that exploits innate anti-tumor immune mechanisms.
Functional genomics in gastroenterology (2000)

Identification of the DNA structure as a double stranded helix consisting of two nucleotide chain molecules was a milestone in modern molecular biology. This discovery has lead to a rapidly accumulating body of genomic information. The dramatic developments in genetic analysis during the past decade have placed genomics at the forefront of life science research. Large multinational projects (for example, the human genome project) have generated a host of sequence, mapping, and expression data. At the same time, new technologies for automated sequencing, data analysis, genotyping, expression, and protein analysis have been developed. An important result is identification of the genetic aetiology of many monogenic diseases and the enormous progress in the exploration of polygenic disorders.
Imaging of Tumor Proliferation Using Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine (1996)

Purpose : Noninvasive imaging of tumor cell proliferation could be helpful in the evaluation of tumor growth potential and could provide an early assessment of treatment response. Radiolabeled thymidine, uridine and adenosine have been used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation. These nucleoside analogs are incorporated into DNA during proliferation. Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, an analog of Iodine-131-Iododeoxyuridine, is also involved in DNA/RNA synthesis. The purpose of this study was to develop Iodine-131-Iodomethylurdine and image tumor proliferation using Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine. Materials and Methods : Radiosynthesis of Iodine-131-5-Iodo-2'-O-methyluridine (Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine) was prepared from 10 mg of 2'-O-methyluridine(Sigma chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri) and 2.1 mCi(SP. 10Ci/mg) of Iodine-131-labeled sodium iodide in of water using iodogen reaction. Female Fischer 344 rats were inoculated in the thigh area with breast tumor cells(13765 NF, cells/rat S.C.). After 14 days, the Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine was injected to three groups of rats(3/group). The percent of injected dose per gram of tissue weight was determined at 0.5-hours, 2-hours, 4-hours, and 24-hours respectively. Tumor bearing rats after receiving Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine( IV) were euthanized at 2 hours after injection. Autoradiography was done using freeze-dried coronal section. After injection of Iodine-131- Iodomethyluridine (/rat, IV) in three breast tumor-bearing rats, planar scintigraphy was taken at 45 minutes, 90 minutes and 24 hours. Results : Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine was conveniently synthesized using iodogen reaction. The biodistribution showed fast blood clearance and the tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios showed that optimal imaging time was at 2 hours postinjection. Autoradiogram and planar scintigram indicated that tumor could be well visualized. Conclusion : The findings suggest that Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, a new radio-iodinated nucleoside, has potential use for evaluation of active regions of tumor growth.
Iron oxide–Si nanoparticle magnetic core–shell induced by the interaction of d-orbitals of Fe2+ with reconstructed Si dimer-like defects (2020)

Redox-type charge exchange between Si nanoparticles and aqueous metal ions mx+ was recently used to synthesize core–shell nanocomposites in which their functionalities have been integrated. The process requires the electron (hole) affinities of the two to be different, with the efficiency of the charge exchange being strongly dependent on their difference. In this paper, we examine the interaction of Fe ions and red luminescent Si nanoparticles where the metal ion has comparable electron affinity to that of the Si nanoparticle. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent spectroscopy imaging show the formation of red luminescent core-shell clusters ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm. A permanent magnet is found to pull the structures indicating the formation of a magnetic phase. We use first principle atomistic computations at the unrestricted Hartree–Fock-DFT (density functional theory) level to obtain the charging energies and affinities of various ions of Fe and the Si nanoparticle. The computations indicate that Fe2+ cannot be oxidized to Fe3+ by the nanoparticle and it cannot strip one or two electrons from the nanoparticle and freely separate, resulting in bound complexes. Our analysis shows that a magnetic phase of iron oxide results from charge delocalization over the complex and a simultaneous interaction of the iron d-orbitals with the oxygen’s lone electrons and the nanoparticle’s reconstruction dimer-like defects. The core-shell integration at the nanoscale affords double functionality of luminescence and magnetism enhancing sensing, tracking, and delivery and enabling a variety of applications, including controlled drug delivery, underground oil and water exploration, and recovery.
Synthetic magnetic fields for atoms and photons (2016)

We present our recent results in the rapidly developing field of synthetic magnetic fields for atoms and photons, in optical lattices and photonic structures, respectively. First, we show that a Hamiltonian with Weyl points can be realized for ultracold atoms using laser-assisted tunneling in three- dimensional optical lattices [1]. Weyl points are synthetic magnetic monopoles that exhibit a robust, three-dimensional linear dispersion, identical to the energy-momentum relation for relativistic Weyl fermions [1], which are not yet discovered in particle physics. Weyl semimetals are a promising new avenue in condensed matter physics due to their unusual properties such as the topologically protected 'Fermi arc' surface states. However, experiments on Weyl points are highly elusive. We show that this elusive goal is well-within experimental reach with an extension of techniques recently used in ultracold gases [2]. We also present a grating assisted tunneling scheme for tunable synthetic magnetic fields in photonic lattices [2]. The synthetic fields emerge from the nontrivial phases of the resulting tunneling matrix elements. The scheme is straightforward to implement at optical frequencies in optically induced one- and two- dimensional dielectric photonic lattices. We propose the implementation of the Harper- Hofstadter Hamiltonian in these photonic lattices [2]. [1] Dubcek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 225301 (2015). [2] Dubcek et al., New Journal of Phys., New J. Phys. 17, 125002 (2015).
Edge‐Plane‐Rich Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanoneedles and Efficient Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts (2012)

CNN news: N-doped carbon nanoneedles (CNNs) are synthesized by self-assembling core-shell nanostructures and nanoreactors around cellulose nanoneedles, and subsequent graphitization. The resulting graphitic nanoneedles (see picture) have well-organized graphitic multi-layers and large proportions of N-doped edge planes. The materials serve as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation.
supplemental legend from Analytic Validation of RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplemental legend&lt;/p&gt;
Imaging all Visible Surfaces (1999)

Today many systems exist to generate geometric models of existing scenes and objects. However, very few systems store accurate data about surface appearance such as colors and textures. One way to capture surface texture data is to record a series of images that, collectively, captures all visible surfaces of the object. Finding good viewpoints for this task is not easy. This paper presents a new heuristic method to find a good set of viewpoints for a given geometric model. Taking images from the computed viewpoints will show every visible part of every surface at least once. The approach uses a hierarchical visibility algorithm to preprocess the scene. A good set of viewing regions is identified with simulated annealing and then good viewpoints are derived. Results and visualizations of the computed solutions are presented.
Increased Expression of Interleukin‐9, Interleukin‐9 Receptor, and the Calcium‐Activated Chloride Channel hCLCA1 in the Upper Airways of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis (2003)

Increased expression of IL-9 and IL-9R, as well as upregulation of hCLCA1, in mucus-overproducing epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis supports the hypothesis that IL-9 contributes to mucus overproduction in cystic fibrosis. Expression of hCLCA1 may also be responsible, in part, for the overproduction of mucus. These preliminary findings suggest that hCLCA1 might be an interesting new therapeutic target to control mucus overproduction in airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.
<title>Time-resolved breast transillumination: comparison of theoretical and experimental image-resolution</title> (1994)

Preliminary results are presented on the spatial resolution of time resolved breast transillumination. We have established that the resolution of an image could be described by the Image Quality Index or IQI, defined as the smallest diameter of a detectable object on the image. This theory is based on the statistical decision theory which suggests that the detectability of an object on an image is related to the signal to noise ratio SNR. We present the results of time of flight measurements performed in realistic conditions, i.e., through 20 mm thick samples of breast tissue. Thus a comparison of the theoretical predictions with in vitro data have been made and show that the former simulation predictions were in quite good agreement with measurements.
Mortality and Hospitalizations among Sickle Cell Disease Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Initiating Dialysis (2020)

Among ESKD patients, SCD is associated with a higher risk for mortality and hospitalization, particularly in patients where SCD is identified as the cause of ESKD.
Segment Routing Prefix Segment Identifier Extensions for BGP (2019)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. A node
steers a packet through an ordered list of instructions, called
segments. A segment can represent any instruction, topological or
service-based. The ingress node prepends an SR header to a packet
containing a set of segment identifiers (SID). Each SID represents a
topological or a service-based instruction. Per-flow state is
maintained only on the ingress node of the SR domain. An SR domain is
defined as a single administrative domain for global SID assignment.
This document defines an optional, transitive BGP attribute for
announcing BGP Prefix Segment Identifiers (BGP Prefix-SID) information
and the specification for SR-MPLS SIDs.
Delivery of Tissue-Targeted Scalpels: Opportunities and Challenges for In Vivo CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing (2020)

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has quickly emerged as a powerful breakthrough technology for use in diverse settings across biomedical research and therapeutic development. Recent efforts toward understanding gene modification methods <i>in vitro</i> have led to substantial improvements in <i>ex vivo</i> genome editing efficiency. Because disease targets for genomic correction are often localized in specific organs, realization of the full potential of genomic medicines will require delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting specific tissues and cells directly <i>in vivo</i>. In this Perspective, we focus on progress toward <i>in vivo</i> delivery of CRISPR/Cas components. Viral and nonviral delivery systems are both promising for gene editing in diverse tissues <i>via</i> local injection and systemic injection. We describe the various viral vectors and synthetic nonviral materials used for <i>in vivo</i> gene editing and applications to research and therapeutic models, and summarize opportunities and progress to date for both methods. We also discuss challenges for viral delivery, including overcoming limited packaging capacity, immunogenicity associated with multiple dosing, and the potential for off-target effects, and nonviral delivery, including efforts to increase efficacy and to expand utility of nonviral carriers for use in extrahepatic tissues and cancer. Looking ahead, additional advances in the safety and efficiency of viral and nonviral delivery systems for tissue- and cell-type-specific gene editing will be required to enable broad clinical translation. We provide a summary of current delivery systems used for <i>in vivo</i> genome editing, organized with respect to route of administration, and highlight immediate opportunities for biomedical research and applications. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges for <i>in vivo</i> delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems to guide the development of future therapies.
Nelarabine-containing regimen followed by daratumumab as an effective salvage therapy and bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary refractory early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (2021)

T-Acute lymphoblast leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 25-30% of adult ALL and occurs more frequently in young adults. Up to 35% of adults with T-ALL have a high-risk subtype called Early T-cell precurs...
Electronic structure calculations in arbitrary electrostatic environments (2012)

Modeling of electronic structure of molecules in electrostatic environments is of considerable relevance for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and molecular electronics. We have developed and implemented a novel approach to the molecular electronic structure in arbitrary electrostatic environments that is compatible with standard quantum chemical methods and can be applied to medium-sized and large molecules. The scheme denoted CheESE (chemistry in electrostatic environments) is based on the description of molecular electronic structure subject to a boundary condition on the system/environment interface. Thus, it is particularly suited to study molecules on metallic surfaces. The proposed model is capable of describing both electrostatic effects near nanostructured metallic surfaces and image-charge effects. We present an implementation of the CheESE model as a library module and show example applications to neutral and negatively charged molecules.
Laparoscopic vs . Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy for Diverticulitis (2006)

Outcomes after hand-assisted laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis are similar to those seen in the pure laparoscopic method, with lower conversion rates and shorter operative times. Hand-assisted laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticulitis is an attractive alternative to a "pure" laparoscopic method in complicated cases.