gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Derived from the Same Closed Colony: Genetic Susceptibility Shared Between Two Types of Diabetes (2004)

Except for rare subtypes of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are multifactorial diseases in which genetic factors consisting of multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors contribute to the disease development. Due to complex interaction among multiple susceptibility genes and between genetic and environmental factors, genetic analysis of multifactorial diseases is difficult in humans. Inbred animal models, in which the genetic background is homogeneous and environmental factors can be controlled, are therefore valuable in genetic dissection of multifactorial diseases. We are fortunate to have excellent animal models for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes--the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse, respectively. Congenic mapping of susceptibility genes for type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse has revealed that susceptibility initially mapped as a single locus often consists of multiple components on the same chromosome, indicating the importance of congenic mapping in defining genes responsible for polygenic diseases. The NSY mouse is an inbred animal model of type 2 diabetes established from Jcl:ICR, from which the NOD mouse was also derived. We have recently mapped three major loci contributing to type 2 diabetes in the NSY mouse. Interestingly, support intervals where type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes were mapped in the NSY mouse overlapped the regions where type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes have been mapped in the NOD mouse. Although additional evidence is needed, it may be possible that some of the genes predisposing to diabetes are derived from a common ancestor contained in the original closed colony, contributing to type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse and type 2 diabetes in the NSY mouse. Such genes, if they exist, will provide valuable information on etiological pathways common to both forms of diabetes, for the establishment of effective methods for prediction, prevention, and intervention in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Intergration of heterogeneous thin-film materials and devices : symposium held April 23-24, 2003, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (2003)

Advances in thin-film layer transfer processes have opened new routes to multimaterial integration for monolithically integrated heterogeneous components and microsystems, circumventing many of the constraints for epitaxial growth of heterogeneous materials systems. Several methods for wafer bonding and lift-off are now in use for commercial production of silicon-on-insulator wafers. As the range of materials and device complexity increases, the need grows for a fundamental understanding of mechanical, electrical and chemical processes at bonded interfaces and within the components of multimaterial laminated structures. Details of layer exfoliation and transfer mechanisms also require investigation. This book, first published in 2003, addresses the science, engineering innovations and applications of multimaterial integration. Topics range from heteroepitaxy to wafer bonding and layer transfer.
A 45-GHz Si/SiGe 256-QAM transmitter with digital predistortion (2015)

The operation of a 45-GHz, Silicon/Silicon Germanium transmitter chipset including a 2×2 power amplifier (PA) array and an I/Q modulator with digital predistortion (DPD) linearization is demonstrated. The 2×2 PA array is implemented in a 45-nm SOI CMOS process and feeds a 2×2 antenna array implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB). The I/Q modulator is implemented in a 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS process where the LO input and RF output are also wire-bonded to a PCB and is programmed through an FPGA to compensate I/Q imbalance and LO leakage. The Si/SiGe transmitter chipset achieves 2.67% EVM at 9.375-MS/s symbol rate with 256-QAM, and 3.68% EVM at 25-MS/s symbol rate with 64-QAM. It produces an average EIRP of 28.6 dBm and consumes 1.7 W from the PA and 322 mW from the I/Q modulator after DPD.
Efficient Single-Cell Transgene Induction in Caenorhabditis elegans Using a Pulsed Infrared Laser (2013)

The coupling of transgenes to heat shock promoters is a widely applied method for regulating gene expression. In C. elegans, gene induction can be controlled temporally through timing of heat shock and spatially via targeted rescue in heat shock mutants. Here, we present a method for evoking gene expression in arbitrary cells, with single-cell resolution. We use a focused pulsed infrared laser to locally induce a heat shock response in specific cells. Our method builds on and extends a previously reported method using a continuous-wave laser. In our technique, the pulsed laser illumination enables a much higher degree of spatial selectivity because of diffusion of heat between pulses. We apply our method to induce transient and long-term transgene expression in embryonic, larval, and adult cells. Our method allows highly selective spatiotemporal control of transgene expression and is a powerful tool for model organism biology.
Ring expansion of halo dithiolanes and dithianes: a facile synthesis of medium-ring dithiacycloalkenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing expansion of halo dithiolanes and dithianes: a facile synthesis of medium-ring dithiacycloalkenesZhihua Sui, Paul S. Furth, and James J. De VossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 24, 6658–6662Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00050a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00050a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Observation of non-Abelian Aharonov-Bohm Effect with synthetic gauge fields (2020)

Based on an optical mode degeneracy, we observe the non-Abelian Aharonov- Bohm effect by synthesizing non-Abelian gauge fields in real space, enabled by multiple time-reversal symmetry breaking in orthogonal bases of the Hilbert space.
A New, Unexpected Synthesis of 1,3‐Dithietanones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dedicated technology threshold voltage tuning for 6T SRAM beyond N7 (2017)

As scaling continues for FinFET technology nodes, variability in combination with targeted lower supply voltages results in reduced SRAM stability margins. In this paper, threshold voltage tuning from the technological side is used to enable low SRAM Vmin with minimum impact on logic performance. Furthermore, lower overall system energy consumption can be achieved by the lower Vmin. This exercise is crucial for the enablement of future technology nodes where single V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> masks could become a necessity.
NePalTM (2009)

We present the programming model, design and implementation of NePalTM; a transactional memory system where atomic blocks can be used for concurrency control at an arbitrary level of nested parallelism.
S -Nitrosylation of CHIP Enhances F508Del-CFTR Maturation (2019)

<i>S</i>-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are endogenous signaling molecules that have numerous beneficial effects on the airway via cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent and -independent processes. Healthy human airways contain SNOs, but SNO levels are lower in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we examined the interaction between SNOs and the molecular cochaperone C-terminus Hsc70 interacting protein (CHIP), which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets improperly folded CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for subsequent degradation. Both CFBE41o<sup>-</sup> cells expressing either wild-type or F508del-CFTR and primary human bronchial epithelial cells express CHIP. Confocal microscopy and IP studies showed the cellular colocalization of CFTR and CHIP, and showed that <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione inhibits the CHIP-CFTR interaction. SNOs significantly reduced both the expression and activity of CHIP, leading to higher levels of both the mature and immature forms of F508del-CFTR. In fact, SNO inhibition of the function and expression of CHIP not only improved the maturation of CFTR but also increased CFTR's stability at the cell membrane. <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione-treated cells also had more <i>S</i>-nitrosylated CHIP and less ubiquitinated CFTR than cells that were not treated, suggesting that the <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of CHIP prevents the ubiquitination of CFTR by inhibiting CHIP's E3 ubiquitin ligase function. Furthermore, the exogenous SNOs <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione diethyl ester and <i>S</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-acetylcysteine increased the expression of CFTR at the cell surface. After CHIP knockdown with siRNA duplexes specific for CHIP, F508del-CFTR expression increased at the cell surface. We conclude that SNOs effectively reduce CHIP-mediated degradation of CFTR, resulting in increased F508del-CFTR expression on airway epithelial cell surfaces. Together, these findings indicate that <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of CHIP is a novel mechanism of CFTR correction, and we anticipate that these insights will allow different SNOs to be optimized as agents for CF therapy.
Numerical Simulation of Phase Separation in Fe-Cr Binary and Fe-Cr-Mo Ternary Alloys with Use of the Cahn-Hilliard Equation. (2000)

The Cahn–Hilliard nonlinear diffusion equation for a binary alloy system was extended to a ternary system. Numerical model based on the Cahn–Hilliard equation for multicomponent system was applied to the prediction of microstructural evolutions in Fe–Cr binary and Fe–Cr–Mo ternary alloys. The free energy of the system was approximated by the regular solution model. In an Fe–40at%Cr binary alloy, the Cr composition profile at 800 K shows a modulated structure with the wave length of about 4 nm. This result is consistent with those of reported Atom-probe FIM analyses. In an Fe–40at%Cr–3at%Mo ternary alloys, the wave lengths of Cr and Mo composition profiles were similar to that for the binary alloy. However, the decrease in the Mo composition was observed at the peak position of Cr composition because of the repulsive interaction of Cr and Mo atoms.
The Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure During Active Compression Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with the Inspiratory Threshold Valve (2001)

Inspiratory impedance during active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves perfusion pressures, and vital organ blood flow during cardiac arrest. Increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure during performance of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an inspiratory impedance valve improves oxygenation, and increases the diastolic aortic-left ventricular pressure gradient and systolic arterial blood pressure.
Supplementary Movie 4B from Ovarian Cancer Spheroids Use Myosin-Generated Force to Clear the Mesothelium (2023)

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Serum Levels of Coll2-1, a Specific Biomarker of Cartilage Degradation, Are Not Affected by Sampling Conditions, Circadian Rhythm, and Seasonality (2019)

Coll2-1 measurement is not affected by sampling specific conditions, circadian rhythm or seasons but was found elevated in subject with knee OA indicating that Coll2-1 serum variation is not linked to the study environment, but to cartilage degradation in OA. Coll2-1 assay is sufficiently robust for use in OA clinical trials.
[Expression of CD200 and INSM1 in gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and its diagnostic values]. (2021)

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the expression and diagnostic values of CD200 and insulinoma associated protein 1 (INSM1) in gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GIP-NEN). <b>Methods:</b> The expression of CD200, INSM1, Syn and CgA was detected in 69 cases of GIP-NEN, 66 cases of gastrointestinal and pancreatic non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (GIP-nonNEN) and 16 cases of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasm by immunohistochemistry, to compare the values of CD200, INSM1, Syn, CgA and their combinations in diagnosing GIP-NEN. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used. <b>Results:</b> The immunoreactivity of CD200 was present in the cytoplasma and/or membrane of the neoplasms cells, the positive expression rates in GIP-NEN and GIP-nonNEN were significantly different (<i>P</i><0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of CD200 for diagnosing GIP-NEN were 95.7% and 78.8%, respectively. There was significant difference of the positive rates of CD200 between neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma (<i>P</i>=0.05). The immunoreactivity of INSM1 was present in the nuclei of neoplasms cells. The positive expression rates in GIP-NEN and GIP-nonNEN were significantly different (<i>P</i><0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of INSM1 for diagnosis of GIP-NEN were 85.5% and 95.5%, respectively. There were also significantly different positive rates of INSM1 between neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma, as well as between G1 and G3 neuroendocrine tumors (<i>P</i><0.05). There was no difference in the area under ROC curve (AUC) of single stain of CD200, INSM1, Syn or CgA (0.857, 0.907, 0.890 and 0.833, respectively, <i>P</i>>0.05). The sensitivity of combined CD200+INSM1 stains for diagnosing GIP-NEN was significantly higher than that of Syn+CgA (85.5% <i>vs.</i> 63.8%, <i>P</i><0.05). The AUC of two combinations were 0.962 and 0.925, respectively, which were not statistically different (<i>P</i>>0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> CD200 and INSM1 are two novel markers of neuroendocrine neoplasm, which aid to diagnosis for GIP-NEN and exclude its mimickers. They are associated with tumor grades. Combining both as an immunohistochemical panel shows high sensitivity and specificity. Thus, the combined panel can be utilized as useful supplement for Syn and CgA.
Bonding at theSiC−SiO2Interface and the Effects of Nitrogen and Hydrogen (2007)

Unlike the Si-SiO2 interface, the SiC-SiO2 interface has large defect densities. Though nitridation has been shown to reduce the defect density, the effect of H remains an open issue. Here we combine experimental data and the results of first-principles calculations to demonstrate that a Si-C-O bonded interlayer with correlated threefold-coordinated C atoms accounts for the observed defect states, for passivation by N and atomic H, and for the nature of residual defects.
Efficient Synthesis of 5-Amido-3-hydroxy-4-pyrones as Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases (2007)

3-hydroxy-4-pyrones are a class of important metal chelators with versatile medicinal applications. An efficient pathway for the preparation of new 5-amido-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone derivatives has been developed. The synthesized 5-amido-3-hydroxy-4-pyrones have been evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases.
Pharmacology of DB844, an Orally Active aza Analogue of Pafuramidine, in a Monkey Model of Second Stage Human African Trypanosomiasis (2012)

Novel drugs to treat human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are still urgently needed despite the recent addition of nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) to WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines against second stage HAT, where parasites have invaded the central nervous system (CNS). The pharmacology of a potential orally available lead compound, N-methoxy-6-{5-[4-(N-methoxyamidino) phenyl]-furan-2-yl}-nicotinamidine (DB844), was evaluated in a vervet monkey model of second stage HAT, following promising results in mice. DB844 was administered orally to vervet monkeys, beginning 28 days post infection (DPI) with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense KETRI 2537. DB844 was absorbed and converted to the active metabolite 6-[5-(4-phenylamidinophenyl)-furanyl-2-yl]-nicotinamide (DB820), exhibiting plasma C(max) values of 430 and 190 nM for DB844 and DB820, respectively, after the 14th dose at 6 mg/kg qd. A 100-fold reduction in blood trypanosome counts was observed within 24 h of the third dose and, at the end of treatment evaluation performed four days post the last drug dose, trypanosomes were not detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of any monkey. However, some animals relapsed during the 300 days of post treatment monitoring, resulting in a cure rate of 3/8 (37.5%) and 3/7 (42.9%) for the 5 mg/kg×10 days and the 6 mg/kg×14 days dose regimens respectively. These DB844 efficacy data were an improvement compared with pentamidine and pafuramidine both of which were previously shown to be non-curative in this model of CNS stage HAT. These data show that synthesis of novel diamidines with improved activity against CNS-stage HAT was possible.
One-to-one Mapping for Unpaired Image-to-image Translation (2020)

Recently image-to-image translation has attracted significant interests in the literature, starting from the successful use of the generative adversarial network (GAN), to the introduction of cyclic constraint, to extensions to multiple domains. However, in existing approaches, there is no guarantee that the mapping between two image domains is unique or one-to-one. Here we propose a self-inverse network learning approach for unpaired image-to-image translation. Building on top of CycleGAN, we learn a self-inverse function by simply augmenting the training samples by swapping inputs and outputs during training and with separated cycle consistency loss for each mapping direction. The outcome of such learning is a proven one-to-one mapping function. Our extensive experiments on a variety of datasets, including cross-modal medical image synthesis, object transfiguration, and semantic labeling, consistently demonstrate clear improvement over the CycleGAN method both qualitatively and quantitatively. Especially our proposed method reaches the state-of-the-art result on the cityscapes benchmark dataset for the label to photo un-paired directional image translation.
Reverse engineering the (β/α) 8 barrel fold (2001)

The (beta/alpha)(8) barrel is the most commonly occurring fold among protein catalysts. To lay a groundwork for engineering novel barrel proteins, we investigated the amino acid sequence restrictions at 182 structural positions of the prototypical (beta/alpha)(8) barrel enzyme triosephosphate isomerase. Using combinatorial mutagenesis and functional selection, we find that turn sequences, alpha-helix capping and stop motifs, and residues that pack the interface between beta-strands and alpha-helices are highly mutable. Conversely, any mutation of residues in the central core of the beta-barrel, beta-strand stop motifs, and a single buried salt bridge between amino acids R189 and D227 substantially reduces catalytic activity. Four positions are effectively immutable: conservative single substitutions at these four positions prevent the mutant protein from complementing a triosephosphate isomerase knockout in Escherichia coli. At 142 of the 182 positions, mutation to at least one amino acid of a seven-letter amino acid alphabet produces a triosephosphate isomerase with wild-type activity. Consequently, it seems likely that (beta/alpha)(8) barrel structures can be encoded with a subset of the 20 amino acids. Such simplification would greatly decrease the computational burden of (beta/alpha)(8) barrel design.
Improving customer loyalty through a regular cus-tomer program : Case Onninen Oy (2010)

ABSTRACT&#13;\n&#13;\nThe objective of this thesis was to gather up to date information on the needs, wishes and values of small and medium-sized contractors, in order to comprehend customer value perception, purchase behavior and customer loyalty. The results of this qualitative research were reflected upon theory, to come up with improvement suggestions for the present regular customer program of Onninen. The revised program should lead to higher sales productivity, improved operating, overall profitability, increased customer loyalty and satisfaction.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe theory which the empirical research was reflected upon comprised of customer loyalty and how to improve it through customer loyalty schemes, business processes and other management tools. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is discussed among customer loyalty, maximizing retention and enhancing marketing efforts and service/product quality.&#13;\n&#13;\nDue to the sensitivity of the research material and current operations of the client, the case-section is restricted according to the confidentiality agreement signed by the writer, Tampere University of Applied Sciences and the client. The public version will only consist of theory and common information which is available to the general audience.
Differential Glucose Transporter Expression during Perinatal and Postnatal Erythropoiesis (2008)

Abstract Glucose is a major source of energy for living organisms and its transport in vertebrates is a universally conserved property. Of all cell lineages, human erythrocytes express the highest level of the Glut1 glucose transporter with &amp;gt;200,000 molecules/cell. However, we recently reported that erythrocyte Glut1 expression is a specific trait of vitamin C-deficient mammalian species, comprising only higher primates, guinea pigs and fruit bats (Montel-Hagen et al., Cell, 2008). We now show that in all other tested mammals, including mice, rats, dogs and cows, Glut1 is in fact transiently expressed in erythrocytes during the neonatal period. This is in marked contrast with humans, where Glut1 is present at equivalently high levels on both neonatal and adult RBC. In mice, we found that Glut1 expression was not associated with primitive erythropoiesis but was highly expressed during definitive fetal erythropoiesis. Indeed, this transporter was present at significantly earlier stages of erythropoiesis in fetal spleen and liver than immediately following birth. It was therefore important to determine whether erythrocyte Glut1 expression in mice is specifically associated with fetal erythropoiesis or alternatively, is common to any physiological state where an extensive erythropoiesis is provoked. Induction of a hemolytic anemia in adult mice resulted in a massive erythropoiesis with significant increase in glucose uptake but notably, Glut1 was not detected. Rather, in these conditions as well as following birth, Glut4, an insulin-sensitive transporter previously thought to be responsible for glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, was highly expressed. Following birth, the concomitant repression of Glut1 and induction of Glut4 was associated with a significantly augmented ratio of the Sp3 to Sp1 zinc-finger transcription factors. Thus, in contrast to humans, murine Glut1 is highly expressed during definitive erythropoiesis and is then downregulated at birth. Further erythroid development is characterized by the upregulation of a distinct glucose transporter, Glut4. Expression of distinct glucose transporters in nonhuman erythrocytes, regulated at the transcriptional level, therefore characterizes different states of erythroid development and differentiation.