gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LytN, a Murein Hydrolase in the Cross-wall Compartment of Staphylococcus aureus, Is Involved in Proper Bacterial Growth (2011)

Cell cycle progression for the spherical microbe Staphylococcus aureus requires the coordinated synthesis and remodeling of peptidoglycan. The majority of these rearrangements takes place at the mid-cell, in a compartment designated the crosswall. Secreted polypeptides endowed with a YSIRK-G/S signal peptide are directly delivered to the cross-wall compartment. One such YSIRK-containing protein is the murein hydrolase LytN. lytN mutations precipitate structural damage to the crosswall and interfere with staphylococcal growth. Overexpression of lytN also affects growth and triggers rupture of the cross-wall. The lytN phenotype can be reversed by the controlled expression of lytN but not by adding purified LytN to staphylococcal cultures. LytN harbors LysM and CHAP domains, the latter of which functions as both an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and D-alanyl-glycine endopeptidase. Thus, LytN secretion into the cross-wall promotes peptidoglycan separation and completion of the staphylococcal cell cycle.
Clean Firing of Glass Furnaces Through the Use of Oxygen (2008)

Many companies are presently considering 100% oxygen-fuel firing of glass melting furnaces. The question being asked regularly is whether oxy-fuel is a niche solution to specific environmental issues or a trend that will change the primary glass melter. Several factors will ultimately determine the outcome, including air quality regulations, relative costs of electricity and natural gas, advancements in air separation, as well as the technical results achievable in glass melting.
Purification and Subunit Structure of Glycogen-Branching Enzyme from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle (1980)

1,4-alpha-glucan:1,4-alpha-glucan 6-alpha-D-(1,4-alpha-D-glucano) transferase (branching enzyme) was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, fractionation with poly(ethyleneglycol) 6000, chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephadex G150. The final specific activity was 3000 U/mg corresponding to a purification of approximately 10000-fold over the muscle extracts. 0.6 mg of enzyme was isolated from 4000 g muscle within eight days corresponding to an overall yield of 7%. The purified protein was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and this technique yielded a molecular weight of 77000 for the subunit molecular weight of branching enzyme. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G150 was 60000, demonstrating that branching enzyme is a monomeric protein. Only a very small proportion of the branching enzyme activity in muscle extracts (2%) precipitated with the protein-glycogen complex. This finding, and its low concentration in muscle, explain why a protein-staining band corresponding to branching enzyme cannot be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein-glycogen complex.
Establishing an accurate gas phase reference frequency to quantify129Xe chemical shifts in vivo (2016)

The alveolar <sup>129</sup> Xe resonance exhibits a stable frequency across all mice. Therefore, it can provide a reliable in vivo reference frequency by which to characterize other spectroscopic shifts. Magn Reson Med 77:1438-1445, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
High Temporal Resolution Detection of Patient-Specific Glucose Uptake from Human ex Vivo Adipose Tissue On-Chip (2015)

Human tissue in vitro models on-chip are highly desirable to dissect the complexity of a physio-pathological in vivo response because of their advantages compared to traditional static culture systems in terms of high control of microenvironmental conditions, including accurate perturbations and high temporal resolution analyses of medium outflow. Human adipose tissue (hAT) is a key player in metabolic disorders, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It is involved in the overall energy homeostasis not only as passive energy storage but also as an important metabolic regulator. Here, we aim at developing a large scale microfluidic platform for generating high temporal resolution of glucose uptake profiles, and consequently insulin sensitivity, under physio-pathological stimulations in ex vivo adipose tissues from nondiabetic and T2DM individuals. A multiscale mathematical model that integrates fluid dynamics and an intracellular insulin signaling pathway description was used for assisting microfluidic design in order to maximize measurement accuracy of tissue metabolic activity in response to perturbations. An automated microfluidic injection system was included on-chip for performing precise dynamic biochemical stimulations. The temporal evolution of culture conditions could be monitored for days, before and after perturbation, measuring glucose concentration in the outflow with high temporal resolution. As a proof of concept for detection of insulin resistance, we measured insulin-dependent glucose uptake by hAT from nondiabetic and T2DM subjects, mimicking the postprandial response. The system presented thus represents an important tool in dissecting the role of single tissues, such as hAT, in the complex interwoven picture of metabolic diseases.
Improvement of the Diamond Turned Surface Texture by Bonnet Polishing Process (2015)

Single point diamond turing (SPDT) technique is widely employed in ultra-precision machining of optics. However, the inherent tool marks with strong periodicity induce scattering effects of turned surfaces, significantly deteriorating the optical performances. To suppress the scattering and accordingly achieve optical surface with high quality, the bonnet polishing method is adopted herein to actively modify structures of the residual tool marks. Taking advantage of the Taguchi experiments where the roughness and the power spectral density (PSD) of the polished surface are served as the improving criteria, the optimal polishing parameters are obtained. Polishing experiment is conducted on a fine turned surface by adopting the optimal parameters. The results indicate that the roughness Ra reduces from 3.81 nm to 1.42 nm and the PSDs of surface errors in all the spatial frequencies are also significantly reduced. In addition, the inherent scattering fringes of the original surface are well eliminated, demonstrating the efficiency of the polishing method as well as the optimization method.
Robust generation of frequency combs in a microresonator with strong and narrowband loss (2017)

Octave-spanning frequency comb generation in microresonators is promising, but strong spectral losses caused by material absorption and mode coupling between two polarizations or mode families can be detrimental. We examine the impact of the spectral loss and propose robust comb generation with a loss of even 300 dB/cm. Cavity nonlinear dynamics show that a phase change associated with spectral losses can facilitate phase matching and Kerr comb generation. Given this unique capability, we propose a novel architecture of on-chip spectroscopy systems.
SIFA: Exploiting Ineffective Fault Inductions on Symmetric Cryptography (2018)

Since the seminal work of Boneh et al., the threat of fault attacks has been widely known and techniques for fault attacks and countermeasures have been studied extensively. The vast majority of the literature on fault attacks focuses on the ability of fault attacks to change an intermediate value to a faulty one, such as differential fault analysis (DFA), collision fault analysis, statistical fault attack (SFA), fault sensitivity analysis, or differential fault intensity analysis (DFIA). The other aspect of faults—that faults can be induced and do not change a value—has been researched far less. In case of symmetric ciphers, ineffective fault attacks (IFA) exploit this aspect. However, IFA relies on the ability of an attacker to reliably induce reproducible deterministic faults like stuck-at faults on parts of small values (e.g., one bit or byte), which is often considered to be impracticable. As a consequence, most countermeasures against fault attacks do not focus on such attacks, but on attacks exploiting changes of intermediate values and usually try to detect such a change (detection-based), or to destroy the exploitable information if a fault happens (infective countermeasures). Such countermeasures implicitly assume that the release of “fault-free” ciphertexts in the presence of a fault-inducing attacker does not reveal any exploitable information. In this work, we show that this assumption is not valid and we present novel fault attacks that work in the presence of detection-based and infective countermeasures. The attacks exploit the fact that intermediate values leading to “fault-free” ciphertexts show a non-uniform distribution, while they should be distributed uniformly. The presented attacks are entirely practical and are demonstrated to work for software implementations of AES and for a hardware co-processor. These practical attacks rely on fault induction by means of clock glitches and hence, are achieved using only low-cost equipment. This is feasible because our attack is very robust under noisy fault induction attempts and does not require the attacker to model or profile the exact fault effect. We target two types of countermeasures as examples: simple time redundancy with comparison and several infective countermeasures. However, our attacks can be applied to a wider range of countermeasures and are not restricted to these two countermeasures.
A Pilot with Pain in His Leg: Thigh Abscess Caused by Salmonella enterica Serotype Brandenburg (2002)

Salmonella enterica serotype Brandenburg is one of the more uncommon serotypes isolated from patients with gastroenteritis. Few cases of extraintestinal infections with serotype Brandenburg have been documented. The first case of a serotype Brandenburg-dependent thigh abscess originating from an atherosclerotic pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery is reported.
Energy aware optimal service control of base stations in wireless downlink systems (2015)

The reduction of energy consumption in base stations becomes popular recently. However, it is difficult to reduce energy consumption under the constraint of Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose a novel energy aware control method to adjust the radius that the base station provide the service in wireless downlink systems, the optimal radius of the base stations provide service could help complete the service process as soon as possible and reduce unnecessary interferences, which is effective to improve spectrum efficiency and reduce power consumption. In this work, we figure out the relationship between user traffic and the energy consumption of base stations and then find out the analytic solution of the optimal radius that the base station should provide for given type of traffic. Simulation results indicate that, by using our proposed method, we could obtain about 50% improvement of the total energy consumption at the most and the system performance loss is within 5%, which is still acceptable according to 3GPP specifications.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Aryl tert‐Butyl Ethers from Unactivated Aryl Halides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient Response Amplification of Electrothermally Driven Resonators Using Magnets (2021)

Abstract Micro/Nano-electromechanical systems, MEMS/NEMS-based resonators are presently an important part of a wide range of applications. However, many of these devices suffer from the low signal-to-noise ratio and the need for a large driving force. Different principles were proposed to enhance the sensitivity and improve their signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), such as bifurcations, jumps and higher-order excitation. However, these methods require special designs and high actuation voltages, which are not always available in the standard function generators and power supplies. Also, it increases the devices’ overall cost and power requirements. Furthermore, parametric excitation is explored as an option to amplify the signal at a lower cost and energy demand. However, this type of excitation requires specific geometrical settings, in addition to very low damping conditions. Electrothermal actuation is investigated to achieve excitation of primary resonance, which can be used for parametric excitation. This type of excitation is desirable due to its simplicity, robustness and ability to create large internal forces at low voltages. However, the time response is limited by the thermal relaxation time. In this work, we demonstrate the use of electromagnetic actuation to significantly amplify the response of electrothermally actuated clamped-clamped resonators at first mode (primary) resonance. At ambient pressure, experimental data show 18 times amplification of the response amplitude compared with electrothermal actuation only. The method is based on introducing a permanent magnetic field to induce an out-of-plane Lorentz-force. The results show the great potential of this technique being used for a variety of sensing and signal processing applications, especially, where a large signal-to-noise ratio is required while using low operational voltages.
Aetiology of congenital absence of vas deferens: genetic study of three generations (1993)

Bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a form of male sterility (found in otherwise normal men) of unknown aetiology. Because males with cystic fibrosis (CF) almost invariably have CAVD as well, we investigated the hypothesis that men with isolated CAVD might share a common genetic background with males with CF. Genetic testing for CF was carried out in three generations of subjects: 44 patients with CAVD and their wives, 24 of their parents, and 13 of their offspring generated by microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF). DNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then analysed for 12 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory (CFTR) gene. Among 44 patients tested with CAVD, 26 (59%) were positive for at least one CF mutation, while the carrier frequency for CF mutations in the general population is only 4%. Four patients were found to be compound heterozygotes, three with genotypes Delta F-508/R117H, one with R553X/R117H. Among 24 parents tested, 15 (seven fathers, eight mothers) had sons with CAVD who were positive for CF mutations. Of these, nine (four fathers and five mothers) were found to be carriers for CF mutations. These four fathers, although carriers of CF mutations, were obviously fertile. Of the 13 offspring tested, six (three boys and three girls) had CF positive fathers. Of these, three (two girls and one boy) were found to be carriers for CF mutations. These MESA/IVF children are the first offspring to whom men with CAVD have been able to transmit CF mutations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Performance optimization of three-dimensional optoelectronic interconnection for intra-multi-chip-module clock signal distribution</title> (1995)

The structure, fabrication, and theory of a 3D planarized optoelectronic clock signal distribution device, based on a thin light-guiding substrate in conjunction with a 2D polymer holographic grating array, are described. We have previously demonstrated a 25 GHz 1-to-42 (6 X 7) highly parallel fanout interconnect with a signal to noise ration of 10 dB<SUP>1</SUP>. In this paper, theoretical work focused on generating a globally uniform fanout distribution is presented. An objective function aimed at equalizing the intensities among the fanout beams is established and optimization results are reported. Finally, the angular misalignment and wavelength dispersion problem are further discussed, together with their tolerance requirements on the size of the photoreceivers and the bandwidth of the vertical cavity surface emitting lasers integrated on the multi-chip-modules.
C–halogen…O supramolecular synthons: in situ cryocrystallisation of 1,2-dihalotetrafluoroethane/HMPA adducts (2013)

The in situ cryocrystallisation technique has been used to obtain four adducts between hexamethylphosphortriamide and 1,2-dihalotetrafluoroethanes having iodine, bromine and chlorine as halogen-bonding donor atoms. These systems allowed for a precise comparison of different C–X…O synthons. The effectiveness and reliability of the pharmacologically important C–Cl…O synthons are proven.
Wideband and compact microstrip tapered balun with circular slot and double dielectric layer (2017)

In this paper, compact and wideband microstrip tapered balun is proposed. Circular slot and double dielectric layer is adopted for miniaturization and balance performance of the balun. In addition, balance performances of proposed balun are measured with simple strip dipole. Bandwidth of proposed balun is 1 ~ 7 GHz and length is 0.05 λ at 1 GHz. Balance performances are estimated by radiation patterns of dipole integrated with proposed balun.
Asymmetric wide-field optical model of the human eye with tilted and decentered crystalline lens that reproduces experimentally measured aberrations: errata (2018)

This erratum corrects typographical errors that appeared in Table 1 of our earlier article [Optica2, 124 (2015)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.2.000124]. In addition, the model dataset (“Wide-Field Eye Model”) is included as supplementary material.
In Situ Characterization of Waters of Hydration in a Variable-Hydrate Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Using 35Cl Solid-State NMR and X-ray Diffraction (2019)

Variable-hydrate active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are known to form thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized solid phases over a continuous range of nonstoichiometric hydration levels. Some of these forms can be problematic in the production of solid dosage forms (e.g., tablets and capsules), where manufacturing processes can induce changes in the hydration level of the API, resulting in transformations to undesirable solid phases that may affect product quality. In order to improve the development of variable-hydrate APIs for commercial use, reliable methods must be developed to not only measure the hydration levels, but also to probe the influences of water molecules on the molecular-level structures of APIs within dosage formulations. In this study, we examine a Genentech development compound, GNE-A, which is a hydrochloride (HCl) salt of an API that exhibits variable-hydrate behavior. Using a combination of 35Cl solid-state NMR (SSNMR), variable-relative humidity (RH) powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis, and dispersion-corrected plane-wave density functional theory (DFT-D2*) calculations, we reveal the local and long-range structural effects of water under different storage and processing conditions. 35Cl SSNMR spectra are particularly sensitive to the presence of water and reveal distinct anionic Cl– environments in the hydrated and dehydrated forms of the HCl API. Our data demonstrate that complete dehydration of the material is surprisingly difficult, even with repeated drying cycles. Finally, 35Cl SSSNMR is shown to be very useful for probing the local structural environments of Cl– ions in tablets processed using either wet or dry granulation, since there are no interfering signals from the complex array of excipient molecules present in the formulation.
Hole capture by D-center defects in 6H-silicon carbide (1995)

Room-temperature yellow luminescence is a distinctive signature of boron-related deep-level defects in 6H-SiC. This yellow luminescence is associated with the boron-related D center, rather than the more shallow boron acceptor. However, the reported activation energy for photoluminescence (0.7–0.73 eV) is in disagreement with the D center’s reported thermal activation energy (0.58–0.63 eV) as determined by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). We show that this discrepancy can be eliminated by correcting the DLTS results for the temperature dependence of hole capture at the D center. By use of independent capture and emission measurements, and a two-stage deep-level capture model, the D center’s ground state is resolved to be Ev+0.74 eV±0.02 eV, in good agreement with photoluminescence data.
Characterisation of cytoplasm‐filled processes in cells of the intervertebral disc (1998)

We examined cells from the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of adult bovine intervertebral discs, using confocal laser scanning microscopy on living unfixed tissue. These cells were visualised using chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate, a membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye. The organisation of cells from the outer annulus was also determined using confocal microscopy after fixation and staining the actin-filaments with FITC-phalloidin. We found that cellular processes were a dominant feature of cells from all regions of the disc including the cells of the nucleus pulposus and inner annulus. These processes were also visible in histological sections of disc examined both at the light and electron microscope level, even though cells from the nucleus and inner annulus appeared chondrocyte-like, being rounded and enclosed in a capsule. The function of these processes is at present unknown. We suggest that they may serve to sense mechanical strain.
Prótesis de disco lumbar múltiple en un paciente con enfermedad discal degenerativa. Reporte de un caso (2004)

RESUMEN. Introduccion. En la cirugia ortopedica, la artroplastia ha demostrado tener mejores resultados que la artrodesis y la cirugia de columna no es la excepcion. Es una alternativa para los problemas que las fusiones implican como: alivio irregular del dolor, perdida del movimiento, seudoartrosis, mala alineacion sagital, enfermedad del segmento adyacente y morbilidad posterior al uso de injerto oseo. Caso clinico. Mujer de 25 anos con antecedente de discectomias L4-L5 y L5-S1 siete anos antes, con dolor lumbar incapacitante, sin respuesta a antiinflamatorios y programas de fisioterapia intensos. La RM mostro cambios degenerativos en los discos L2 a S1, discografia concordante 10/10 para los discos L2-L3 y L3-L4. Fue diagnosticada como enfermedad discal lumbar degenerativa en multiples niveles. Se colocaron cuatro protesis SB Charite III en los niveles L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 y L5-S1. La evolucion clinica calificada por la escala de EVA y Oswestry mejoro en 90% y 80.4% respectivamente. Sangrado intraoperatorio de 200 cc, estancia hospitalaria de dos dias sin complicaciones. Discusion. Aun y cuando se presente la enfermedad degenerativa discal en multiples niveles, si se cumplen las indicaciones para la artroplastia lumbar, esta es una alternativa de tratamiento a la artrodesis.
Unsupervised Geometry-Aware Representation Learning for 3D Human Pose Estimation (2018)

Modern 3D human pose estimation techniques rely on deep networks, which require large amounts of training data. While weakly-supervised methods require less supervision, by utilizing 2D poses or multi-view imagery without annotations, they still need a sufficiently large set of samples with 3D annotations for learning to succeed. In this paper, we propose to overcome this problem by learning a geometry-aware body representation from multi-view images without annotations. To this end, we use an encoder-decoder that predicts an image from one viewpoint given an image from another viewpoint. Because this representation encodes 3D geometry, using it in a semi-supervised setting makes it easier to learn a mapping from it to 3D human pose. As evidenced by our experiments, our approach significantly outperforms fully-supervised methods given the same amount of labeled data, and improves over other semi-supervised methods while using as little as 1% of the labeled data.