gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems: recent advances and future prospects (2023)

Ocular drug delivery has constantly challenged ophthalmologists and drug delivery scientists due to various anatomical and physiological barriers. Static and dynamic ocular barriers prevent the entry of exogenous substances and impede therapeutic agents' active absorption. This review elaborates on the anatomy of the eye and the associated constraints. Followed by an illustration of some common ocular diseases, including glaucoma and their current clinical therapies, emphasizing the significance of drug therapy in treating ocular diseases. Subsequently, advances in ocular drug delivery modalities, especially nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems, are recommended, and some typical research is highlighted. Based on the related research, systematic and comprehensive characterizations of the nanocarriers are summarized, hoping to assist with future research. Besides, we summarize the nanotechnology-based ophthalmic drugs currently on the market or still in clinical trials and the recent patents of nanocarriers. Finally, inspired by current trends and therapeutic concepts, we provide an insight into the challenges faced by novel ocular drug delivery systems and further put forward directions for future research. We hope this review can provide inspiration and motivation for better design and development of novel ophthalmic formulations.
Survival and Causes of Death in Hemochromatosis (1988)

Survival and causes of death were analyzed among 163 patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1959 and 1983. Mean followup was 10.5 +/- 5.6 years (+/- SD). Cumulative survival was 76% at 10 years and 49% at 20 years. Life expectancy was reduced in patients who presented with cirrhosis or diabetes compared to patients who presented without these complications at the time of diagnosis. Patients who could be depleted of iron during the first 18 months of venesection therapy had a markedly better prognosis compared to those patients who could not be depleted during this time period, probably due to greater amounts of excessive iron. Prognosis was not influenced by sex. Patients without cirrhosis or diabetes had a life expectancy that was virtually identical to that of an age-matched normal population. Analysis of the causes of death in 53 patients showed that liver cancer (n = 16) was 219 times more frequent, cardiomyopathy (n = 3) was 306 times more frequent, liver cirrhosis (n = 10) was 13 times more frequent, and diabetes mellitus (n = 3) was seven times more frequent compared to death rates expected for an age-matched normal population. The risk of death from other causes, including extrahepatic cancer (n = 7), did not differ from rates expected. Thus, patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed in a precirrhotic stage and treated by venesection have a normal life expectancy. Cirrhotic patients had a shortened life expectancy and a high risk of death from liver cancer even when complete iron depletion has been achieved.
A hybrid tunable III-V metasurface using voltage-controlled quantum tunneling. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Hybrid Capture™ — A Sensitive Signal-Amplified Test for the Detection and Quantitation of Human Viral and Bacterial Pathogens (1998)

Since the early 1970s, researchers have used nucleic acid detection techniques to identify either specific genes or organisms. These early nucleic acid detection methods were very time-consuming, cumbersome, isotopic, technically elaborate, and only moderately sensitive, and thus not suitable for routine clinical use (Southern, 1975). The first nonisotopic nucleic acid detection systems, developed in the late 1970s, were fairly specific but not as sensitive as their radioactive counterparts (Matthews and Kricka, 1988). To increase overall sensitivity, amplification methodologies have been developed and adapted to nonisotopic nucleic acid detection assays. The two most common amplification methods are target amplification (Mullis and Faloona, 1987) and signal amplification employing chemiluminescence (Pollard-Knight et al., 1990; Bronstein and Olesen, 1995).
NEAR FIELD TRANSIENT AXISYMMETRIC WAVES IN LAYERED STRUCTURES: EFFECTS OF WEAK COUPLING (1997)

Axisymmetric stress wave transmission through the leading layers of layered structures of infinite radial but finite axial extent is numerically studied by employing two different computational approaches: a technique based on the numerical inversion of Double Integral Transformations (DIT), and a Finite Element (FE) analysis. Considering the first approach, careful selections of the limits of the numerical inversions and the sampling rates are required in order to overcome inherent numerical instabilities associated with exponential dichotomy. This type of numerical instability is more evident in layered media with weak coupling. In such systems, direct multiplications of layer transfer matrices are avoided by employing a global scheme to assemble well-conditioned global transfer matrices. Moreover, the specific structure of the propagation and attenuation zones of the structure are taken into account for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the transfer matrix manipulations. Satisfactory agreement between the DIT and FE numerical results is observed, at least for early times. Close to the region of application of the external pressure, the FE simulations suffer from the discretization of the applied load, node-to-node oscillations and reflections from ‘infinite’ elements (‘silent boundaries’). Using the aforementioned numerical techniques, transient wave transmission in two-layered systems (one with weak and one with strong interlayer coupling) is considered, and the effects of weak coupling on the wave transmission is studied. We show that at early times, weak coupling results in stress localization in the region close to the applied pressure, a result which can have potential application in the use of layered media as shock isolators. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compress-and-Forward Via Multilevel Coding and Trellis Coded Quantization (2020)

Compress-forward (CF) relays can improve communication rates even when the relay cannot decode the source signal. Efficient implementation of CF is a topic of contemporary interest, in part because of its potential impact on wireless technologies such as cloud-RAN. There exists a gap between the performance of CF implementations in the high spectral efficiency regime and the corresponding information theoretic achievable rates. We begin by re-framing a dilemma causing this gap, and propose an approach for its mitigation. We utilize trellis coded quantization (TCQ) at the relay together with multi-level coding at the source and relay, in a manner that facilitates the calculation of bit LLRs at the destination for joint decoding. The contributions of this work include designing TCQ for end-to-end relay performance, since a distortion-minimizing TCQ is suboptimum. The reported improvements include a 1dB gain over prior results for PSK modulation.
Application of Compressive Sensing in Cognitive Radio Communications: A Survey (2016)

Compressive sensing (CS) has received much attention in several fields such as digital image processing, wireless channel estimation, radar imaging, and cognitive radio (CR) communications. Out of these areas, this survey paper focuses on the application of CS in CR communications. Due to the under-utilization of the allocated radio spectrum, spectrum occupancy is usually sparse in different domains such as time, frequency, and space. Such a sparse nature of the spectrum occupancy has inspired the application of CS in CR communications. In this regard, several researchers have already applied the CS theory in various settings considering the sparsity in different domains. In this direction, this survey paper provides a detailed review of the state of the art related to the application of CS in CR communications. Starting with the basic principles and the main features of CS, it provides a classification of the main usage areas based on the radio parameter to be acquired by a wideband CR. Subsequently, we review the existing CS-related works applied to different categories such as wideband sensing, signal parameter estimation and radio environment map (REM) construction, highlighting the main benefits and the related issues. Furthermore, we present a generalized framework for constructing the REM in compressive settings. Finally, we conclude this survey paper with some suggested open research challenges and future directions.
Cumulative inhibitory effect of low-dose aspirin on vascular prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane production in patients with atherosclerosis. (1985)

The relationship between the antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of aspirin is complex, since aspirin influences other systems that protect against thrombosis as well as inhibiting platelet function. We investigated possible cumulative effects of low-dose aspirin on vascular production of prostacyclin in patients with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Candidates for coronary artery vein graft bypass ingested 20 mg of aspirin daily during the week before surgery, and platelet aggregation, platelet formation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), aortic and saphenous vein production of prostacyclin (PGI2), and hemostatic status were measured at the time of the bypass surgery. Low-dose aspirin markedly inhibited platelet aggregation responses and reduced TXA2 generation by greater than 90%, effects similar to those observed with much higher doses of aspirin. Both aortic and saphenous vein production of PGI2 were inhibited by 50% compared with PGI2 produced by vascular tissues of control subjects who received no aspirin preoperatively (51 +/- 10 pg 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/mg aortic wet weight [mean +/- SEM] in aspirin-treated subjects vs 130 +/- 16 pg/mg in control subjects, and 71 +/- 8 pg/mg saphenous vein wet weight vs 131 +/- 17 pg/mg). Blood loss at surgery was not significantly increased by preoperative low-dose aspirin as measured by chest tube drainage (754 +/- 229 ml in aspirin-treated subjects vs 645 +/- 271 ml in control subjects), hematocrit nadir (31.2 +/- 1.9% vs 31.8 +/- 1.7%), or transfusions (2.2 +/- 1.3 units of red blood cells vs 2.2 +/- 1.7 units).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Online coordinate descent for adaptive estimation of sparse signals (2009)

Two low-complexity sparsity-aware recursive schemes are developed for real-time adaptive signal processing. Both rely on a novel online coordinate descent algorithm which minimizes a time-weighted least-squares cost penalized with the scaled lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm of the unknown parameters. In addition to computational savings offered when processing time-invariant sparse parameter vectors, both schemes can be used for tracking slowly varying sparse signals. Analysis and preliminary simulations confirm that when the true signal is sparse the proposed estimators converge to a time-weighted least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and both outperform sparsity-agnostic recursive least-squares alternatives.
Piece-wise parabolic interpolation for direct digital frequency synthesis (2003)

In this paper, a compact architecture and implementation for direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) is presented. It uses a smaller lookup table for sinusoidal functions compared to existing architectures. The computation of the sinusoidal values is performed by a parabolic interpolation structure, thus only interpolation coefficients need to be stored in the read-only memory (ROM). The ROM size is consistently less than 1 Kbit for SFDR values up to 85 dBc.
Supplementary Methods from Haploinsufficiency of an RB–E2F1–Condensin II Complex Leads to Aberrant Replication and Aneuploidy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 125K, Detailed methods for ChIP, microscopy, and computational analysis. Lists of cell lines and antibodies used are included&lt;/p&gt;
Forced Convection Board Level Thermal Design Methodology for Electronic Systems (2000)

The case is made for the continued use of single valued thermal resistances for the prediction of component junction temperature, and, hence, reliability. These values are adjusted using empirically determined influence factors to account for thermal and aerodynamic interactions at board level. The paper presents measured values of influence factors for arrays of Plastic Quad Flat Packs (PQFPs) over a range of Reynolds numbers and with a series of board level obstacles modeling upstream passive components. The results are formulated into a novel set of design rules.
Ein sterisch gehindertes Brückenkopfsystem: 13‐Substituierte 1,4,5,8,9,12‐Hexamethyltriptycene (1990)

A Sterically Hindered Bridgehead System: 13‐Substituted 1,4,5,8,9,12‐Hexamethyltriptycenes The synthetic access to five 13‐X‐substituted 1,4,5,8,9,12‐hexamethyltriptycenes (X  NO 2 , NC, CN, NH 2 , NHCHO) is described. Due to steric hindrance of the bridgehead position by the methyl groups in position 1, 8 and 9 it was impossible neither to formylate nor acetylate the 13‐amino compound 23, nor to dehydrate the 13‐formamido compound 22 to the isocyanide 19 by standard methods.
Activation of hypoxia inducible factor due to reduced prolyl hydroxylase 2 activity prevents renal mitochondria dysfunction and improves cortical oxygenation in type 1 diabetic mice (2019)

Activation of hypoxia inducible factor due to reduced prolyl hydroxylase 2 activity prevents renal mitochondria dysfunction and improves cortical oxygenation in type 1 diabetic mice
Heterogeneous BISR techniques for yield and reliability enhancement using high level synthesis transformations (2002)

Built-In-Self-Repair (BISR) is a fault tolerance technique against permanent faults, where in addition to core operational modules, a set of spare modules is provided. If a faulty core module is detected, it is replaced with a spare module. The BISR methodology has been used only in situations where a failed module of one type can only be replaced by a backup module of the same type. The authors propose a new BISR approach for ASIC design which removes this constraint and enables replacement of modules of different types with the same spare units by exploiting the design space exploration abilities provided by the use of transformations in high level synthesis. Fast and efficient high level synthesis algorithms which take into account peculiarities of transformation-based design for BISR are presented. The potential of the approach is demonstrated on a set of benchmark examples by showing significant yield and relative productivity improvements which are calculated using state-of-the-art yield modeling techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Scalar Signatures of Chaotic Mixing in Porous Media (2021)

Steady laminar flows through porous media spontaneously generate Lagrangian chaos at pore scale, with qualitative implications for a range of transport, reactive, and biological processes. The characterization and understanding of mixing dynamics in these opaque environments is an outstanding challenge. We address this issue by developing a novel technique based upon high-resolution imaging of the scalar signature produced by push-pull flows through porous media samples. Owing to the rapid decorrelation of particle trajectories in chaotic flows, the scalar image measured outside the porous material is representative of in situ mixing dynamics. We present a theoretical framework for estimation of the Lyapunov exponent based on extension of Lagrangian stretching theories to correlated aggregation. This method provides a full characterization of chaotic mixing dynamics in a large class of porous materials.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF 2,3,5,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐6‐PHENYLIMIDAZO(2,1‐B)THIAZOLE. I. THE REACTION OF N‐ALKYL DERIVATIVES WITH NUCLEOPHILES (1977)

Abstract Mit Methyljodid oder Benzylbromid erhält man aus dem Imidazothiazol (I) die Salze (IIa) und (IIb), die mit Anionen zu (III) gespalten oder z.B. zu (IV) reduziert werden können.
WLC14-2: Adaptive MIMO-OFDM Cellular System with Soft Handover between Distributed Base Station Antennas (2006)

The joint cooperative processing of transmitted signal from several multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) base station (BS) antenna heads is considered for users located within a soft handover (SHO) region. The system level gains and trade-offs from cooperative SHO processing are investigated. The impact of the size of the SHO region, overhead from the increased hardware and physical (time, frequency) resource utilization, and different non-reciprocal inter-cell interference distributions due to SHO are evaluated. Practical user, bit and power allocation method with different BS power constraints is provided for the proposed cooperative multiuser MIMO transmission. The overhead from SHO processing can be significant, and the call blocking probability can be dramatically increased. However, the overhead can be mitigated by using space division multiple access for users that have identical SHO active set composition. Also, the dropping probability is decreased, and thus, the total outage probability with SHO is less than without SHO. The users located at the SHO region may enjoy from greatly increased transmission rates. This translates to significant overall system level gains from the cooperative SHO processing. The proposed soft handover scheme can be used to provide more evenly distributed service over the entire cellular network.
Impact of mode coupling on the mode-dependent loss tolerance in few-mode fiber transmission (2012)

Spatial-division multiplexing in the form of few-mode fibers has captured the attention of researchers since it is an attractive approach to significantly increase the channel capacity. However, the optical components employed in such systems introduce mode-dependent loss or gain (MDL) due to manufacturing imperfections, leading to significant system impairments. In this work the impact of MDL from optical amplifiers in few-mode fibers with either weak or strong mode coupling is analyzed for a 3x136-Gbit/s DP-QPSK mode-division multiplexed transmission system. It is shown that strong mode coupling reduces the impact of MDL in a similar manner as that polarization-dependent loss is reduced in single mode fibers by polarization-mode dispersion.
MRFT: Multiscale Recurrent Fusion Transformer Based Prior Knowledge for Bit-Depth Enhancement (2023)

Bit-depth enhancement (BDE) plays an important role in providing high bit-depth data support for high-dynamic range (HDR) display. Although convolutional neural network (CNN) based BDE methods have achieved top performance, multiscale feature extraction and fusion still suffer from some inherent architectural flaws. Moreover, the training-data-scarce scene has not been effectively explored. To this end, this paper proposes an innovative multiscale recurrent fusion transformer (MRFT) framework, which contains three key components, i.e. multiscale transformer feature encoder, recurrent feature fusion module, and prior knowledge injection. Specifically, the multiscale transformer feature encoder consists of a prior-injected context encoder (PICE) and a multiscale local feature encoder (MLFE). PICE leverages the vanilla self-attention mechanism to extract the global context correlating spatially-distant contents for distinguishing long-distance false contours. MLFE exploits the local self-attention mechanism with varied window sizes to capture different-scale detail features. Then, a hierarchical recurrent decoder (HRD) is proposed as the recurrent feature fusion module to fuse multiscale visual information with global guidance. Via the circular query-key mechanism, global-to-local information is progressively fused. Furthermore, we propose a two-stage alternating optimization strategy for prior knowledge injection. By pre-parameterizing the global auxiliary priors, the training dilemma on the data-scarce domain is significantly alleviated. Extensive analyses on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our MRFT in terms of quantitative measures and aesthetic effects.
Transient embolization with microspheres of polyhydroxyalkanoate renders efficient adenoviral transduction of pancreatic capillaryin vivo (2012)

The present study has established an approach for efficient pancreatic capillary targeting by using microsphere-adenoviral complexes. This procedure could be invaluable for the treatment of capillary-related diseases.
Direct Preparation of Monoarylidene Derivatives of Aldehydes and Enolizable Ketones with DIMCARB (2003)

[reaction: see text] Aryl alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes were synthesized, in moderate to excellent yields, with use of dimethylammonium dimethyl carbamate (DIMCARB) as a recyclable reaction medium and as a catalyst.
Erratum of “A Hermitian analogue of the Morita theorems” (2020)

In ‘A Hermitian analogue of the Morita theorems’ by Dasgupta and Dasgupta, we proved a Hermitian Morita II. There is an error in the proof of Proposition 3.1 which nullifies the paper.
Photoinduced energy‐ and electron‐transfer processes in dinuclear ruthenium(II) and/or osmium(II) complexes connected by a linear rigid bis‐chelating bridge (1995)

Abstract A rigid and linear bridging ligand containing two 4,5‐diazafluorene chelating units separated by an adamantane spacer (diazf‐a‐diazf) has been synthesized and its dinuclear complexes [(bpy) 2 Ru(diazf‐a‐diazf)Ru(bpy) 2 ] 4+ (Ru II · FAF · Ru II ) , [(bpy) 2 Os(diazf‐a‐diazf)Os(bpy) 2 ] 4+ (Os II · FAF · Os II ) , and [(bpy) 2 Ru(diazf‐a‐diazf)Os(bpy) 2 ] 4+ (Ru II · FAF · Os II ) have been prepared as PF − 6 salts. In these novel compounds, each Ru‐based and Os‐based unit displays its own absorption spectrum and electrochemical properties, regardless of the presence of a second metal‐based unit. The luminescence properties have also been investigated and it has been shown that electronic energy transfer takes place in the mixed‐metal Ru II · FAF · Os II species at 77K from the Ru‐based to the Os‐based unit with rate constant 2.6 · 10 8 s −1 . At room temperature the intrinsic decay of the Ru‐based unit is too fast (3.3 · 10 9 s −1 ) to allow the occurrence of energy transfer. Partial oxidation of the binuclear compounds Ru II · FAF · Os II and Os II · FAF · Os II by Ce IV in acetonitrile‐water solutions leads to the mixed‐valence Ru II · FAF · Os III and Os II · FAF · Os III species where the oxidized metal‐based unit quenches, by electron transfer, the luminescent excited state of the unit that is not oxidized. At room temperature, the rate constants for the excited state * Ru II · FAF · Os III · Ru III · FAF · Os II and * Os II FAF · Os III · Os III · FAF · Os II processes are 8.3 · 10 8 s −1 and 3.9 · 10 8 s −1 , respectively, and the rate constant for the back‐electron‐transfer process Ru III · FAF · Os II · Ru II · FAF · Os III is 2.9 · 10 7 s −1 .
HVDC grid control system based on autonomous converter control (2016)

In this paper, the main layers of a HVDC control architecture based on autonomous converter control have been implemented and a range of tests have been conducted to assess the system's steady-state and transient performance.The simulation results show that the control system is able to accurately control DC power flow in steady-state and to maintain grid stability for fast transient events without exceeding the dynamic operating limits.