gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Brain Tumors Delivered via a Novel Intra-Cavity Moldable Polymer Matrix (2013)

The PLGA/PEG delivery system offers an innovative intra-cavity approach to administer chemotherapeutics for improved local control of malignant brain tumors.
Conditions that influence the accuracy of anthropometric parameter estimation for human body segments using shape-from-silhouette (2005)

Anthropometric parameters are fundamental for a wide variety of applications in biomechanics, anthropology, medicine and sports. Recent technological advancements provide methods for constructing 3D surfaces directly where visual hull construction may be the most cost-effective yet sufficiently accurate method. However, the conditions influencing the accuracy of anthropometric measurements based on visual hull construction are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conditions that influence the accuracy of shape-from-silhouette reconstruction of body segments dependent on number of cameras, camera resolution and object contours. The results demonstrate that the visual hulls lacked accuracy in concave regions and narrow spaces, but setups with a high number of cameras reconstructed a human form with an average accuracy of less than 1.0mm. In general, setups with less than 8 cameras yielded largely inaccurate visual hull constructions, while setups with 16 and more cameras provided good volume estimations. Body segment volumes were obtained with an average error of 10.5% at a 640x480 resolution using 8 cameras. Changes in resolution did not significantly affect the average error. However, substantial decreases in error were observed with increasing number of cameras (33.3%, 10.5%, 4.1%, and 1.2% using 4, 8, 16, and 64 cameras, respectively).
A collaborative environment for enhanced information access on small-form-factor devices (2005)

This paper proposes to establish a collaborative environment to achieve enhanced information access on the small-form-factor devices. We designed a distributed user interface that crosses devices to cooperatively present information adaptable to small displays. We applied our system to the document and webpage that are ubiquitously available media content on mobile devices.
Development and evaluation of polymerase chain reaction tests as an aid to diagnosis of swine dysentery and intestinal spirochaetosis (1998)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were established for detection of Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery, and S. pilosicoli, the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis. Both reactions were specific when tested with DNA from 107 strains of various intestinal spirochaetes. For diagnostic use, faeces were plated to selective medium, and diatomaceous earth extraction used to obtain DNA prior to PCR. This procedure detected 10(3)-10(4) cells of either organism seeded into 0.2 g of faeces. When applied to 63 samples from pigs of eight piggeries naturally infected with either S. hyodysenteriae or S. pilosicoli, both PCRs were specific, more rapid, and detected more positive samples than did routine faecal culture and isolation.
Sparse Signal Reconstruction with Multiple Side Information using Adaptive Weights for Multiview Sources (2016)

This work considers reconstructing a target signal in a context ofdistributed sparse sources. We propose an efficient reconstruction algorithmwith the aid of other given sources as multiple side information (SI). Theproposed algorithm takes advantage of compressive sensing (CS) with SI andadaptive weights by solving a proposed weighted $n$-$\ell_{1}$ minimization.The proposed algorithm computes the adaptive weights in two levels, first eachindividual intra-SI and then inter-SI weights are iteratively updated at everyreconstructed iteration. This two-level optimization leads the proposedreconstruction algorithm with multiple SI using adaptive weights (RAMSIA) torobustly exploit the multiple SIs with different qualities. We experimentallyperform our algorithm on generated sparse signals and also correlated featurehistograms as multiview sparse sources from a multiview image database. Theresults show that RAMSIA significantly outperforms both classical CS and CSwith single SI, and RAMSIA with higher number of SIs gained more than the onewith smaller number of SIs.
Plasma Membrane Cholesterol:  A Possible Barrier to Intracellular Oxygen in Normal and Mutant CHO Cells Defective in Cholesterol Metabolism (2002)

The effect of the cholesterol content of the plasma membrane on the intracellular concentration of oxygen in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and their mutants was investigated by EPR oximetry. Total and free cholesterol content was significantly higher in 25 RA CHO cells as compared to wild-type and M 19 CHO cells, with most of the free cholesterol in normal and mutant CHO cells located in the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane cholesterol content also was altered by various biochemical means, and the effect on the oxygen gradient was studied. Comparing the three cell lines, the gradient was larger with increased content of cholesterol in the plasma cell membrane. This result also is supported by an additional increase in the oxygen gradients with the incorporation of additional cholesterol in the plasma membrane and a decrease in the oxygen gradient when the cholesterol was depleted from the plasma membrane. The results indicate that the concentration of cholesterol in the plasma membrane can be an important factor for the magnitude of the oxygen gradient observed across the cell membrane.
Funcitonal activity and chromatin configuration of SV40 enhancer injected inXenopus laevisoocytes (1985)

The SV40 enhancer microinjected into the nuclei of X. laevis oocytes is able to activate transcription about 100-fold when cloned upstream of the SV40 early promoter region or about 10-fold regardless of its orientation when located at a long distance from a test gene (bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase). This effect is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that observed when analogous constructions were transfected into mammalian cells. Making use of a direct labelling technique for the analysis of the chromatin structure we could show that the SV40 enhancer region in the microinjected plasmids is particularly accessible to cleavage with MNase or DNAse I. Single sites in the 72 bp repeats have been mapped at the nucleotide level.
What do we mean by identifiability in mixed effects models? (2016)

We discuss the question of model identifiability within the context of nonlinear mixed effects models. Although there has been extensive research in the area of fixed effects models, much less attention has been paid to random effects models. In this context we distinguish between theoretical identifiability, in which different parameter values lead to non-identical probability distributions , structural identifiability which concerns the algebraic properties of the structural model, and practical identifiability, whereby the model may be theoretically identifiable but the design of the experiment may make parameter estimation difficult and imprecise. We explore a number of pharmacokinetic models which are known to be non-identifiable at an individual level but can become identifiable at the population level if a number of specific assumptions on the probabilistic model hold. Essentially if the probabilistic models are different, even though the structural models are non-identifiable, then they will lead to different likelihoods. The findings are supported through simulations.
Divergent contractile and structural responses of the murine PKC-ε null pulmonary circulation to chronic hypoxia (2005)

Loss of PKC-epsilon limits the magnitude of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in the mouse. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of PKC-epsilon would decrease the contractile and/or structural response of the murine pulmonary circulation to chronic hypoxia (Hx). However, the pattern of lung vascular responses to chronic Hx may or may not be predicted by the acute HPV response. Adult PKC-epsilon wild-type (PKC-epsilon(+/+)), heterozygous null, and homozygous null (PKC-epsilon(-/-)) mice were exposed to normoxia or Hx for 5 wk. PKC-epsilon(-/-) mice actually had a greater increase in right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, RV mass, and hematocrit in response to chronic Hx than PKC-epsilon(+/+) mice. In contrast to the augmented PA pressure and RV hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodeling was increased less than expected (i.e., equal to PKC-epsilon(+/+) mice) in both the proximal and distal PKC-epsilon(-/-) pulmonary vasculature. The contribution of increased vascular tone to this pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) was assessed by measuring the acute vasodilator response to nitric oxide (NO). Acute inhalation of NO reversed the increased PA pressure in hypoxic PKC-epsilon(-/-) mice, implying that the exaggerated PHTN may be due to a relative deficiency in nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Despite the higher PA pressure, chronic Hx stimulated less of an increase in lung endothelial (e) and inducible (i) NOS expression in PKC-epsilon(-/-) than PKC-epsilon(+/+) mice. In contrast, expression of nNOS in PKC-epsilon(+/+) mice decreased in response to chronic Hx, while lung levels in PKC-epsilon(-/-) mice remained unchanged. In summary, loss of PKC-epsilon results in increased vascular tone, but not pulmonary vascular remodeling in response to chronic Hx. Blunting of Hx-induced eNOS and iNOS expression may contribute to the increased vascular tone. PKC-epsilon appears to be an important signaling intermediate in the hypoxic regulation of each NOS isoform.
Understanding the Roles of Electrolyte Additives on the Surface Modification Mechanism of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2016)

Silicon is considered as a promising candidate of the anode material for the next generation lithium-ion batteries, due to its substantially higher gravimetric and volumetric capacity compared to conventionally used graphite. Electrolyte additives, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) particularly, are usually applied for silicon-based lithium-ion batteries to tackle the problems such as poor capacity retention and low coulombic efficiency. 1-3 In the present work, the decomposition mechanism of FEC as well as the surface modification of Si electrodes were investigated. 4 It was observed that the FEC additive degrades at a higher reduction potential prior to the other carbonate solvents. A conformal solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which consists of the decomposition products of FEC, is instantaneously formed on the silicon electrode as a result. This stable SEI layer sufficiently limits the emergence of cracks and suppresses the additional SEI formation from the decomposition of other electrolyte components. Both of these effects lead to a slower increase in polarization, thus a slower capacity fading, for the FEC containing cell. The differences in the SEI layer, formed with or without the presence of FEC, are schematically demonstrated in Fig 1. Besides, it was also observed that the LiPF 6 decomposition can be influenced with the presence of FEC, and this was further studied with a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. We also demonstrated that by forming an effective SEI layer with the FEC and VC electrolyte additives, the silicon electrodes can be equally well functioning with a novel lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI)-based electrolyte as with the state-of-art LiPF 6 -based electrolyte. 5 Figure 1
Field Scale Testing of RESOLVE at 2010 ISRU Analog Test (2010)

When mankind returns to the moon, there will be one aspect of the architecture that will totally change how we explore the solar system. For the first time in space exploration, we will take the initial steps towards breaking our reliance on Earth-supplied consumables by extracting resources from planetary bodies. Our first efforts in this area, known as In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), will be directed at extracting some of the abundant oxygen found in the lunar regolith. But the holy grail of lunar ISRU will be finding an exploitable source of lunar hydrogen. If we can find a source of hydrogen that can be reasonably extracted from the regolith, it would provide a foundation for true independence from Earth consumables. With in-situ hydrogen and oxygen (and/or water) we can produce many of the major consumables needed to travel to and operate on a sustainable lunar outpost. We would have water to drink, oxygen to breath, and rocket propellants and fuel cell reagents to enable extended access and operations across the moon. NASA initiated development of an experiment package named RESOLVE (Regolith & Environment Science and Oxygen & Lunar Volatile Extraction) that could be flown to the rim or into a permanently shadowed crater to answer the questions surrounding elevated hydrogen at the lunar poles.
Conversion of the cluster core structure via CO elimination and activation of the coordinated hydrocarbon ligand. Synthesis and reactions of WOs3Cp(CO)10(CMeCMeCCPh) (1991)

Reaction of WCp(CO)3CCPh with Os3(CO)10(C2Me2) produced the butterfly cluster WOs3Cp(CO)10(CMeCMeCCPh)1 in moderate yield; treatment of 1 with Me3NO followed by thermolysis in refluxing toluene yielded the spiked triangular cluster WOs3Cp(CO)9(µ-H)[CMeCMeCC(µ2-η2-C6H4)]3 as a major product; on further thermolysis, complex 3 reconverted to a butterfly cluster WOs3Cp(CO)9[CMeCMeCHC(µ2-η2-C6H4)]5 and then to a tetrahedral cluster WOs3Cp(CO)8[CMeCMeCHC(µ2-η2-C6H4)]6via hydride migration followed by loss of CO; the structures of complexes 3, 5 and 6 have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Charge transport in arrays of PbSe nanocrystals (2007)

We report electrical transport measurements of arrays of PbSe nanocrystals forming the channels of field effect transistors. We measure the current in these devices as a function of source-drain voltage, gate voltage and temperature. Annealing is necessary to observe measurable current after which a simple model of hopping between intrinsic localized states describes the transport properties of the nanocrystal solid. We find that the majority carriers are holes, which are thermally released from acceptor states. At low source-drain voltages, the activation energy for the conductivity is given by the energy required to generate holes plus the activation over barriers resulting from site disorder. At high source-drain voltages the activation energy is given by the former only. The thermal activation energy of the zero-bias conductance indicates that the Fermi energy is close to the highest-occupied valence level, the 1Sh state, and this is confirmed by field-effect measurements, which give a density of states of approximately eight per nanocrystal as expected from the degeneracy of the 1Sh state.
Telotristat etiprate, a novel inhibitor of serotonin synthesis for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome (2015)

Excessive serotonin secretion is the hallmark of carcinoid syndrome. It leads to diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, wheezing and flushing. It is also associated with serious cardiac valve disease and lower life expectancy. Efforts to control serotonin production in carcinoid syndrome are currently limited to the use of somatostatin analogues and antitumor therapies such as surgery, radiation, or embolization. A significant proportion of patients still suffer from excess serotonin production and its debilitating symptoms. This review addresses the development of telotristat etiprate, a novel serotonin synthesis inhibitor currently being investigated in carcinoid syndrome. Early clinical studies support the conduct of TELESTAR, a Phase III pivotal trial that may determine whether telotristat etiprate will become the first approved serotonin synthesis inhibitor.
Nonlinear changes of transmembrane potential caused by defibrillation shocks in strands of cultured myocytes (2000)

Organization of cardiac tissue into cell strands and layers has been implicated in changes of transmembrane potential (DeltaV(m)) during defibrillation. To determine the shock-induced DeltaV(m) in such structures, cell strands of variable width [strand width (SW) = 0.15-2 mm] were grown in culture. Uniform-field shocks with variable strength [shock strength (SS) = 2-50 V/cm] were applied across strands during the action potential (AP) plateau, and DeltaV(m) were measured optically. Three different types of DeltaV(m) were observed. Small DeltaV(m) [<40%AP amplitude (APA)] were linearly dependent on SS and SW and were symmetrically distributed about a strand centerline with maximal positive and negative DeltaV(m) on opposite strand sides being equal. Intermediate DeltaV(m) (<200%APA) were strongly asymmetric with negative DeltaV(m) > positive DeltaV(m) because of a negative time-dependent shift of V(m) at the depolarized side of the strands. For large DeltaV(m) (>200%APA), a second time-dependent shift of V(m) to more positive levels was observed in the hyperpolarized portions of strands, causing reduction of the DeltaV(m) asymmetry. We conclude that during application of shocks to cell strands during the AP plateau, passive changes of V(m) were followed by two voltage- and time-dependent shifts of V(m), possibly reflecting changes of ionic currents or membrane electroporation.
Mechanistic Basis of OXA-48-like β-Lactamases’ Hydrolysis of Carbapenems (2021)

Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) are an important source of resistance to these last resort β-lactam antibiotics. OXA-48 is a member of a group of CHDLs named OXA-48-like enzymes. On the basis of sequence similarity, OXA-163 can be classified as an OXA-48-like enzyme, but it has altered substrate specificity. Compared to OXA-48, it shows impaired activity for carbapenems but displays an enhanced hydrolysis of oxyimino-cephalosporins. Here, we address the mechanistic and structural basis for carbapenem hydrolysis by OXA-48-like enzymes. Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis indicates that the rate-limiting step for OXA-48 and OXA-163 hydrolysis of carbapenems is deacylation and that the greatly reduced carbapenemase activity of OXA-163 compared to that of OXA-48 is due entirely to a slower deacylation reaction. Furthermore, our structural data indicate that the positioning of the β5-β6 loop is necessary for carbapenem hydrolysis by OXA-48. A major difference between the OXA-48 and OXA-163 complexes with carbapenems is that the 214-RIEP-217 deletion in OXA-163 creates a large opening in the active site that is absent in the OXA-48/carbapenem structures. We propose that the larger active site results in less constraint on the conformation of the 6α-hydroxyethyl group in the acyl-enzyme. The acyl-enzyme intermediate assumes multiple conformations, most of which are incompatible with rapid deacylation. Consistent with this hypothesis, molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the most stable complex is formed between OXA-48 and imipenem, which correlates with the OXA-48 hydrolysis of imipenem being the fastest observed. Furthermore, the OXA-163 complexes with imipenem and meropenem are the least stable and show significant conformational fluctuations, which correlates with the slow hydrolysis of these substrates.
Towards attosecond pulse generation in the X-ray regime (2016)

A laser architecture based on the frequency synthesis of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers is discussed. The apparatus keeps promise to generate multi-TW, high-power, light-transients, presenting a new route toward keV attosecond pulses.
Highly stable optoelectronic oscillator with a 10<sup>5</sup> finesse etalon as a photonic filter (2012)

A tunable optoelectronic oscillator with a Fabry-Perot etalon acting as both an optical frequency reference and photonic filter has been demonstrated. The RF oscillation frequency may be changed by tuning of a VOD to harmonics of the etalon FSR. The generated microwave tone shows long term stability of 3.3×10-10 at 1 s.
Development of Analytical Model to a Temperature Distribution of a First Level Package With a Nonuniformly Powered Die (2009)

Microprocessors continue to grow in capabilities, complexity, and performance. Microprocessors typically integrate functional components such as logic and level two cache memory in their architecture. This functional integration of logic and memory results in improved performance of the microprocessor. However, the integration also introduces a layer of complexity in the thermal design and management of microprocessors. As a direct result of functional integration, the power map on a microprocessor is typically highly nonuniform, and the assumption of a uniform heat flux across the die surface has been shown to be invalid post Pentium II architecture. The active side of the die is divided into several functional blocks with distinct power assigned to each functional block. Previous work (Kaisare et al., 2005, “Thermal Based Optimization of Functional Block Distributions in a Non-Uniformly Powered Die,” InterPACK 2005, San Francisco, CA, Jul. 17–22) has been done, which includes numerical analysis and thermal based optimization of a typical package consisting of a nonuniformly powered die, heat spreader, thermal interface materials I and II, and the base of the heat sink. In this paper, an analytical approach to temperature distribution of a first level package with a nonuniformly powered die is carried out for the first time. The analytical model for two-layer bodies developed by Haji-Sheikh et al. (2003, “Steady-State Heat Conduction in Multi-Layer Bodies,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46(13), pp. 2363–2379) is extended to this typical package, which is a multilayer body. The solution is to begin by designating each surface heat flux as a volumetric heat source. An inverse methodology is applied to solve the equations for various surfaces to calculate the maximum junction temperature for a given multilayer body. Finally validation of the analytical solution is carried out using previously developed numerical model.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances and Applications in Asymmetric Aza‐Michael Addition Chemistry (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crystal structure of dimethyl (12R*,13R*)-3,11-dioxo-2,12-epoxycyclotridec- 1-ene-1,13-dicarboxylate, C4H2O(CO)2(CH2)7(COOCH3)2 (1997)

Article Crystal structure of dimethyl (12R*,13R*)-3,11-dioxo-2,12-epoxycyclotridec- 1-ene-1,13-dicarboxylate, C4H2O(CO)2(CH2)7(COOCH3)2 was published on December 1, 1997 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 212, issue 1).