gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common Configurations of Real-Ear Aided Response Targets Prescribed by NAL-NL2 for Older Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss (2020)

Purpose This study investigates common real-ear aided response (REAR) configurations prescribed by the NAL-NL2 algorithm for older adults with hearing loss. Method A data set that is representative of the older adult U.S. population with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss was constructed from the audiometric data of 934 adults (aged 55-85 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 1999-2012. Two clustering approaches were implemented to generate common REAR configurations for eight frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz) at three input levels (55, 65, and 75 dB SPL). (a) In the REAR-based clustering approach, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey audiograms were first converted to REAR targets and then clustered to generate common REAR configurations. (b) In the audiogram-based clustering approach, the audiograms were first clustered into common hearing loss profiles and then converted to REAR configurations. The trade-off between the number of available REAR configurations and the percentage of the U.S. population whose hearing loss could be fit by at least one of them (i.e., percent coverage) was evaluated. Hearing loss fit was defined as less than ± 5-dB difference between an individual's REAR targets and those of the clustered REAR configuration. Results Percent coverage increases with the number of available REAR configurations, with four configurations resulting in 75% population coverage. Overall, REAR-based clustering yielded 5 percentage points better coverage on average compared to audiogram-based clustering. Conclusions The common REAR configurations can be used for programming the gain frequency responses in preconfigured over-the-counter hearing aids and provide clinically appropriate amplification settings for older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss.
The hepatitis B virus-associated delta antigen: isolation from liver, development of solid-phase radioimmunoassays for delta antigen and anti-delta and partial characterization of delta antigen. (1980)

The delta antigen-antibody (delta Ag/anti-delta) system is associated with type B hepatitis in man. The delta Ag was extracted and solubilized by sonication and treatment with 6 M GuHCl from the nuclei of human liver obtained at autopsy of a delta-positive subject. A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed and used for the partial characterization of delta Ag. Equilibrium centrifugation, gel filtration and chemical and enzymatic treatments revealed delta Ag to be a protein of approximately 68,000 m.w. with a buoyant density of 1.28 g/cm3 in CsCl, stable to heat, acid, nucleases, and glycosidases, and inactivated by alkali and proteases. A standard preparation of delta Ag was used to develop a blocking solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-delta.
Probing the role of lysine 16 in ras p21 protein with unnatural amino acids (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProbing the role of lysine 16 in ras p21 protein with unnatural amino acidsHyun Ho Chung, David R. Benson, and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 14, 6414–6415Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00067a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00067a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Group Transfer Polymerization of (Meth)acrylic Monomers Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Synthesis of All Acrylic Block Copolymers: Evidence for an Associative Mechanism (2009)

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), namely, 1,3-bis-(diisopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1) and 1,3-bis(di-tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (2) were employed as neutral organocatalysts to bring about the group transfer polymerization (GTP) of both methacrylic and acrylic monomers, including methyl methacrylate (MMA), tert-butylacrylate (tBA), and n-butylacrylate (nBA). This could be achieved at room temperature using 1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxypropene (MTS) as initiator in polar or apolar medium. In this way, polymethacrylates and polyacrylates with molar masses in the range 10 000−300 000 g·mol−1, corresponding to the initial [monomer]/[MTS] ratio and with polydispersities lower than 1.2, were obtained in quantitative yields. The kinetics of GTP of MMA catalyzed by 1 or 2 was further investigated. Though the first-order kinetic plot ln[M]0/[M] versus time deviated from linearity at high monomer conversion, no inhibition period was noted at low monomer conversion. Moreover, the polymerization rate dramatically increased as the concentration of initiator increased, with first-order dependence in initiator. When mixed in 1/1 molar ratio, MTS and NHC 1 did not reveal the formation of enolate-type species by 29Si or 13C NMR spectroscopy. Based on these observations, we propose that NHCs activate the silyl ketene acetal initiator and further propagate GTP via an associative mechanism. The fact that ln[M]0/[M] does not evolve linearly with time in the terminal phase of the polymerization can be understood by a reduced diffusion of the catalyst to the trimethylsilyl end groups. The proposed associative mechanism can also account for the successful control of NHC-catalyzed GTP of acrylates during which termination reactions such as backbiting or internal isomerization could be drastically minimized. Next, was described the synthesis of all acrylic block copolymers based on polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (e.g., PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA), utilizing the same NHC as catalyst in sequential GTP. It is again argued that such block copolymer formation is favored by an associative mechanism forming highly unstable activated silicon intermediates.
LDV Measurement of Confined Parallel Jet Mixing (2001)

Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements were taken in a confinement, bounded by two parallel walls, into which issues a row of parallel jets. Two-component measurements were taken of two mean velocity components and three Reynolds stress components. As observed in isolated three dimensional wall bounded jets, the transverse diffusion of the jets is quite large. The data indicate that this rapid mixing process is due to strong secondary flows, transport of large inlet intensities and Reynolds stress anisotropy effects.
Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Analysis on Internal Processing Phenomena of Single-Crystal Silicon by Nanosecond Laser (2006)

When a nanosecond pulse laser is irradiated into a single crystal silicon, a local area near the focal point is melted and solidified, and internal cracks develop from this modified layer to the surrounding single crystal layer. This processing is applied to a dicing of silicon wafer, which is called stealth dicing (SD) and attracts attention in industries of semiconductor. A light of 1064 nm penetrates usually through a single crystal silicon. When a pulsed laser of this wavelength with high pulse energy is focused up to near the diffraction limit inside the silicon, however, strong absorption occurs near the focal point. This phenomenon depends on not only increase of beam intensity by focusing but also the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient. We conducted the thermoelastic-plastic analysis by the finite element method, and calculated the stress intensity factor. As a result, the stress intensity factor exceeds the fracture toughness of a silicon. This result suggests the possibility of crack development from the modified layer to the surrounding single crystal layer.
Correction: Cellulose-assisted electrodeposition of zinc for morphological control in battery metal recycling (2023)

Correction for ‘Cellulose-assisted electrodeposition of zinc for morphological control in battery metal recycling’ by B. W. Hoogendoorn et al. , Mater. Adv. , 2022, 3 , 5304–5314, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MA00249C.
Supplementary Data PDF file from Downregulation of HER3 by a Novel Antisense Oligonucleotide, EZN-3920, Improves the Antitumor Activity of EGFR and HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Animal Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data PDF file - 600K, Table S1 shows the selection of the lead candidate EZN-3920 based on its specificity and potency in cells. Table S2 describes the potency of EZN-3920 in multiple cancer cell lines. Fig. S1 shows that specific inhibition of HER3 protein and its downstream signaling molecule, phospho-AKT results in cellular death of 15PC3 prostate cancer cells. Fig. S2. shows specific HER3 mRNA down-regulation by EZN-3920 in the absence of lipofection in 15PC3 prostate cancer cells. Fig. S3. shows potent down-regulation of HER3 in the liver of mice treated with EZN-3920 simply dissolved in saline. Fig. S4. shows that treatment of EZN-3920 is capable of blocking gefitinib induced up-regulation of HER3 in the HCC827 tumors. Fig. S5. Shows that cell lines resistant to gefitinib or transtuzumab remains sensitive to EZN-3920. Fig. S6. Shows that treatment EZN-3920 down-regulates HER3 as well as its down-stream signaling molecules in cancer cells&lt;/p&gt;
Vaccine-Induced Protection from Homologous Tier 2 SHIV Challenge in Nonhuman Primates Depends on Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Titers (2018)

Passive administration of HIV neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can protect macaques from hard-to-neutralize (tier 2) chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. However, conditions for nAb-mediated protection after vaccination have not been established. Here, we selected groups of 6 rhesus macaques with either high or low serum nAb titers from a total of 78 animals immunized with recombinant native-like (SOSIP) Env trimers. Repeat intrarectal challenge with homologous tier 2 SHIV<sub>BG505</sub> led to rapid infection in unimmunized and low-titer animals. High-titer animals, however, demonstrated protection that was gradually lost as nAb titers waned over time. An autologous serum ID<sub>50</sub> nAb titer of ∼1:500 afforded more than 90% protection from medium-dose SHIV infection. In contrast, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and T cell activity did not correlate with protection. Therefore, Env protein-based vaccination strategies can protect against hard-to-neutralize SHIV challenge in rhesus macaques by inducing tier 2 nAbs, provided appropriate neutralizing titers can be reached and maintained.
The Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome. Part One: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects (2017)

Anemia is a common complication associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is often reported as a component of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The triad anemia, CHF and CKD has adverse prognostic implications that have led to the reformulation of the syndrome with the term “cardiorenal anemia syndrome” (CRAS). However, there is insufficient agreement about the definition of anemia in the CHF patient, probably due to the heterogeneity of the clinical criteria and the diversity of the patient populations in different studies. The evolution of drug therapy and technology (such as resynchronization of the left ventricle) has not stopped the increase in its incidence nor the associated health system costs. Unfortunately, the current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for the adequate management of anemia in the cardiorenal patient. The pathophysiological mechanisms at the origin of anemia in CRS are complex and numerous. On the cardiovascular side the most important mechanisms are activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, antidiuretic hormone, and hemodilution, while those associated with CKD include reduction of the endogenous production of erythropoietin, chronic microinflammation, and iron deficiency. Consequently, anemia could represent a new clinical and therapeutic biomarker in CRS. A more comprehensive, 360-degree view, which stratifies the etiological, clinical and pathophysiological aspects, could significantly contribute to improving the prognosis of CRS patients.&nbsp;(Cardionephrology)
Whole-exome analysis of foetal autopsy tissue reveals a frameshift mutation in OBSL1, consistent with a diagnosis of 3-M Syndrome (2015)

Our study provides novel insight into the early clinical manifestations of this form of 3-M syndrome, and demonstrates the utility of whole exome sequencing as a tool for prenatal diagnosis in particular when there is a family history suggestive of a recurrent set of clinical symptoms.
Thickness-dependent dielectric breakdown and nanopore creation on sub-10-nm-thick SiN membranes in solution (2017)

Recently, dielectric breakdown of solid-state membranes in solution has come to be known as a powerful method for fabricating nanopore sensors. This method has enabled a stable fabrication of nanopores down to sub-2 nm in diameter, which can be used to detect the sizes and structures of small molecules. Until now, the behavior of dielectric breakdown for nanopore creation in SiN membranes with thicknesses of less than 10 nm has not been studied, while the thinner nanopore membranes are preferable for nanopore sensors in terms of spatial resolution. In the present study, the thickness dependence of the dielectric breakdown of sub-10-nm-thick SiN membranes in solution was investigated using gradually increased voltage pulses. The increment in leakage current through the membrane at the breakdown was found to become smaller with a decrease in the thickness of the membrane, which resulted in the creation of smaller nanopores. In addition, the electric field for dielectric breakdown drastically decreased when the thickness of the membrane was less than 5 nm. These breakdown behaviors are quite similar to those observed in gate insulators of metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Finally, stable ionic-current blockades were observed when single-stranded DNA passed through the nanopores created on the membranes with thicknesses of 3–7 nm.
The Calculation and Measurement of Flexural and Longitudinal Structural Power Flow on a Tee-Shaped Beam. (1996)

Abstract : A method for the simultaneous measurement of both longitudinal and flexural wave intensities in beams is developed and measurements are then conducted on three specimens: a straight beam, a continuous T-beam, and a bolted T-beam. The work demonstrates that discontinuities in structures help to interchange large amounts of power between the two wave types. The straight beam serves to validate the measurement techniques. Successful comparisons are made to predicted power levels on a finite element model of the T-beam. The bolted T-beam shows the power flow is reduced across the bolted joint when compared to the continuous T-beam. The validated experimental results will form the basis for the validation of techniques (to be developed) to measure as well as calculate structural intensity in the presence of longitudinal and flexural waves.
Heat transport across the interface between normal metal and d-wave superconductor (1999)

Heat conductance and heat current across normal metal/d-wave superconductor (NID) interface are calculated in the framework of quasiclassical equations. The calculations are performed for different values of boundary transparencies and crystal axis orientation. It is shown that in contrast to N/s-wave boundary the heat conductance of transparent (D=1) NID interface is considerably larger and has a nonactivated form. Electronic heat current across NID structures is also calculated for different interface models taking into account the midgap states and the possibility of generating a gapless s-wave state in the vicinity of rough NID interface. It is shown that NID junctions cannot compete with analogous NIS devices in microrefrigerating and bolometer applications.
Redefining malignant pleural mesothelioma types as a continuum uncovers immune-vascular interactions (2019)

The prognosis of MPM is best explained by a continuous model, which extremes show specific expression patterns of genes involved in angiogenesis and immune response.
Reservoir Characterization Using an EnKF and a Non-parametric Approach for Highly Non-Gaussian Permeability Fields (2010)

Abstract An inverse scheme is developed for reservoir characterization using ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and non-parametric approach. EnKF has been studied by many researchers due to its novelties on recursive data processing, easy access to parallel processing, and quantifying uncertainties on its results. However, previous studies have shown poor characterization results with non-Gaussian permeability distributions. In this study, non-parametric approach is used to characterize permeability distribution with strong non-Gaussian characteristics. Normal score transformation is utilized to satisfy the Gaussian assumption of EnKF in the assimilation step. From the analyses of initial ensembles effects with non-Gaussian distributions, initial ensembles with higher similarity to the reference distribution would give more successful characterization results than those of less similarity. Additional improvement in reservoir characterization results is obtained by using normal score transformation.
Absorptive properties of rigid porous media: Application to face centered cubic sphere packing (2005)

The classical description of porous media as a homogeneous equivalent fluid is presented, and its foundations on the homogenization method is introduced and applied to the numerical prediction model for a periodic porous medium composed by face centered cubic sphere packing on which measurements have been made. The results are compared with existing numerical results in the literature and with new and experimental data.
CO bond cleavage on supported nano-gold during low temperature oxidation (2010)

The oxidation of CO by Au/Fe(2)O(3) and Au/ZnO catalysts is compared in the very early stages of the reaction using a temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor. For Au/Fe(2)O(3) pre-dosing the catalyst with (18)O labelled water gives an unexpected evolution order for the labelled CO(2) product with the C(18)O(2) emerging first, whereas no temporal differentiation is found for Au/ZnO. High pressure XPS experiments are then used to show that CO bond cleavage does occur for model catalysts consisting of Au particles deposited on iron oxide films but not when deposited on ZnO films. DFT calculations, show that this observation requires carbon monoxide to dissociate in such a way that cleavage of the CO bond occurs along with dynamically co-adsorbed oxygen so that the overall process of Au oxidation and CO dissociation is energetically favourable. Our results show that for Au/Fe(2)O(3) there is a pathway for CO oxidation that involves atomic C and O surface species which operates along side the bicarbonate mechanism that is widely discussed in the literature. However, this minor pathway is absent for Au/ZnO.
Phosphors for LED-based Solid-State Lighting (2009)

The efficacy of solid-state lighting (SSL) based upon InGaN LEDs has improved by &gt;10x over the past decade: the efficacy of cool white LEDs surpasses linear fluorescent lamp (LFLs) efficacies (&gt;100 lm/W) and warm white 1W LEDs surpasses compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) efficacies (&gt;60-70 lm/W).
Taurine Increases Rat Survival and Reduces Striatal Damage Caused by 3-Nitropropionic Acid (2001)

Taurine acts as an antioxidant protecting neurons from free radical-mediated cellular damage. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) inhibits energy metabolism, initiating oxidative stress. With the objective to examine whether taurine can protect glia and neurons from damage produced by 3-NP, male Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either (1) saline, (2) taurine (3) 3-NP and saline, or (4) 3-NP and taurine for 4 days. Survival was determined and brains were processed immunohistochemically. Large striatal lesions and increased GFAP, SOD, and taurine immunoreactivity were detected in the 3-NP group when compared with control groups. In contrast, animals receiving 3-NP and taurine exhibited less GFAP, SOD, and taurine immunoreactivity, along with increased survival rates. Results indicate that taurine treatment after 3-NP administration protects the striatum from damage.
Application of sensor integration techniques to switched reluctance motor drives (2003)

A novel drive system for a switched-reluctance (SR) motor is described. The system needs no position sensor and has no discrete current sensors for regulating phase currents. Instead, the drive uses power MOSFET transistors with integrated pilot devices for current feedback when the switches are 'off', a fixed off-time chopping strategy is used to control the phase currents. To eliminate the position sensor normally required for SR motor control, the controller estimates the rotor position using phase inductance measurements. This position estimation scheme is sufficiently precise to allow positioning of the phase firing pulses to within approximately two electrical degrees of the desired rotor angle, and full four-quadrant operation of the system is possible. A laboratory prototype system has been built and tested at speeds up to 3000 rpm. The system shows good performance in all four operating quadrants, including zero speed. The entire control for the system is implemented in a single low-cost microprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Co‐Firing of Spatially Varying Dielectric Ca–Mg–Silicate and Bi–Ba–Nd–Titanate Composite (2005)

A spatially variant dielectric Ca–Mg–silicate (CMS)/Bi–Ba–Nd–titania (BBNT) composite, in which periodic BBNT inclusions were embedded in the CMS matrix, was fabricated using the thermoplastic extrusion. The co‐firing behavior of the composite was evaluated in terms of its shrinkage compatibility, thermoplastic compatibility, and chemical compatibility. The noticeable shrinkage mismatch between CMS and BBNT materials was observed. Such shrinkage mismatch strongly affected the interfacial bonding types of the composites. The good interfacial bonding was observed for the composite having BBNT inclusions in the CMS matrix; however, the interfacial cracking and matrix cracking for the opposite design (i.e., CMS inclusions in the BBNT matrix). In addition, the (Ca, Zn)‐rich glassy phase in the CMS region migrated into the BBNT region, forming an interfacial reaction layer. The dielectric properties of the CMS, BBNT, and CMS–BBNT mixture were measured to evaluate the spatially variant dielectric CMS/BBNT composite as a novel dielectric substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Building Blocks for Fused Cyclopentanoids: Enantioselective Synthesis of 5‐Methylbicyclo(3.3.0)oct‐1‐ene‐3,6‐dione and Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The (R)‐isomeric dione (VIII) mentioned in the title is synthesized from the dione (I) in six steps as shown in the reaction scheme.