gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantization of liver tissue in dual kVp computed tomography using linear discriminant analysis (2009)

Linear discriminate analysis (LDA) is applied to dual kVp CT and used for tissue characterization. The potential to quantitatively model both malignant and benign, hypo-intense liver lesions is evaluated by analysis of portal-phase, intravenous CT scan data obtained on human patients. Masses with an a priori classification are mapped to a distribution of points in basis material space. The degree of localization of tissue types in the material basis space is related to both quantum noise and real compositional differences. The density maps are analyzed with LDA and studied with system simulations to differentiate these factors. The discriminant analysis is formulated so as to incorporate the known statistical properties of the data. Effective kVp separation and mAs relates to precision of tissue localization. Bias in the material position is related to the degree of X-ray scatter and partial-volume effect. Experimental data and simulations demonstrate that for single energy (HU) imaging or image-based decomposition pixel values of water-like tissues depend on proximity to other iodine-filled bodies. Beam-hardening errors cause a shift in image value on the scale of that difference sought between in cancerous and cystic lessons. In contrast, projection-based decomposition or its equivalent when implemented on a carefully calibrated system can provide accurate data. On such a system, LDA may provide novel quantitative capabilities for tissue characterization in dual energy CT.
A methodology for optimal semi-active suspension systems performance evaluation (2010)

This paper concerns the study of the optimal performance computation of a semi-active suspension evaluated in terms of comfort and handling performances. To this aim the semi-active suspension system is described as a quarter-car model, equipped with a controllable damper, providing an effective representation of the semi-active suspension dynamics. The passive suspension presents dual performances: at low frequency the better comfort performances are ensured by a high damped suspension, whereas the best comfort damping is low at mid and high frequency. The handling performance is perfectly the opposite. This study highlights how this trade-off can be overcome with an optimal control of damping and how the best performances in terms of comfort are reflected in terms of handling and vice verse. The main result of this paper is to propose a methodology allowing for evaluation of handling and comfort lower theoretical filtering bounds, which can be used as a benchmark for any semi-active control design.
S-Parameter Characterization of Submicrometer Low-Voltage Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2013)

This letter presents the first comprehensive experimental studies on the frequency response of staggered low-voltage organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using S-parameter measurements. The transistors utilize air-stable dinaphtho-thieno-thiophene as the organic semiconductor with various channel lengths and gate overlaps. A peak cutoff frequency of 3.7 MHz for a channel length of 0.6 μm, gate overlap of 5 μm, and a supply voltage of 3 V is achieved. In view of the low supply voltage and air-stability, this result marks a record achievement in OTFT technology. The channel length dependence of the cutoff frequency is described in a compact model and a close correspondence to the measured data of OTFTs with variable device dimensions is shown. Moreover, the cutoff frequencies at different gate biases are found to be proportional to the dc transconductance.
Response to Comment on "Obestatin, a Peptide Encoded by the Ghrelin Gene, Opposes Ghrelin's Effects on Food Intake" (2007)

We cannot reproduce our original findings on obestatin binding and activation of GPR39 receptors in vitro. However, we can reproduce our original findings on the in vivo effects of obestatin in mice (decreases in food intake, gastric emptying responses, and body weight gain) under precise experimental conditions. Further studies are needed to reveal the exact relation between obestatin and the G protein–coupled receptor GPR39.
Video compression complexity reduction with adaptive down-sampling (2011)

Encoding video sequences is a computation-demanding task in high-performance codecs. Optimizing this stage may result in a substantial encoding speed-up. In this paper, we propose a faster approach to encode sequences with the H.264/AVC codec, using mixed-resolution. By having some of the frames down-sampled, the overall computation is reduced, without greatly affecting the rate-distortion performance, which remains evaluated using the sequence's original resolution. In addition to this approach, a method which regards only the most frequent prediction modes of a frame is incorporated, so that the combined complexity reduction can be significant with negligible performance losses.
Adaptive clutter rejection for ultrasound color Doppler imaging (2005)

We have developed a new adaptive clutter rejection technique where an optimum clutter filter is dynamically selected according to the varying clutter characteristics in ultrasound color Doppler imaging. The selection criteria have been established based on the underlying clutter characteristics (i.e., the maximum instantaneous clutter velocity and the clutter power) and the properties of various candidate clutter filters (e.g., projection-initialized infinite impulse response and polynomial regression). We obtained an average improvement of 3.97 dB and 3.27 dB in flow signal-to-clutter-ratio (SCR) compared to the conventional and down-mixing methods, respectively. These preliminary results indicate that the proposed adaptive clutter rejection method could improve the sensitivity and accuracy in flow velocity estimation for ultrasound color Doppler imaging. For a 192 x 256 color Doppler image with an ensemble size of 10, the proposed method takes only 57.2 ms, which is less than the acquisition time. Thus, the proposed method could be implemented in modern ultrasound systems, while providing improved clutter rejection and more accurate velocity estimation in real time.
Efficient development of highly linear MMIC power amplifiers (2001)

Highly linear power amplifiers are key components of high capacity radio transmitters. This paper describes the complete procedure we established to develop a family of new MMIC power amplifiers aimed at achieving state-of-the-art performance as needed for a new M-QAM microwave radio. A cost effective approach dedicated to volume production has been addressed. The most important experimental characteristics for each of the developed MMIC PAs are also reported in order to demostrate the effectiveness of the presented procedure.
GESTÃO EM SAÚDE POR MEIO DA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ATIVOS INTANGÍVEIS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA (2022)

O presente estudo busca a compreensão dos gerentes em saúde sobre ativos intangíveis, consistindo uma revisão da literatura a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica do tema, valendo-se das bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Periódicos da CAPES. A busca resultou em 38 (trinta e oito) publicações, sendo que 8 (oito) delas selecionadas, segundo suas aderências com a pergunta de pesquisa. Percebe-se que ativos intangíveis podem ser identificados como características de uma organização, naturais dos colaboradores ou ainda estarem relacionados a experiências em relacionamentos interpessoais. Observam-se, contudo, que dois fatores são essenciais para a gestão dos ativos intangíveis no ambiente de saúde: gestores comprometidos por intermédio de liderança eficiente e uma framework (repositório contribuições) de fácil acesso e entendimento com vistas à transferência de conhecimento.
[Management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes]. (2012)

Paper presents proposal of guidelines concerning management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes. The paper is based on scientific medical societies standards, meta analyses and significant papers supporting some controversial questions. There are represented some practices used in intensive care units, that are not present in standards.
Characterization of maximally random jammed sphere packings. III. Transport and electromagnetic properties via correlation functions (2018)

In the first two papers of this series, we characterized the structure of maximally random jammed (MRJ) sphere packings across length scales by computing a variety of different correlation functions, spectral functions, hole probabilities, and local density fluctuations. From the remarkable structural features of the MRJ packings, especially its disordered hyperuniformity, exceptional physical properties can be expected. Here we employ these structural descriptors to estimate effective transport and electromagnetic properties via rigorous bounds, exact expansions, and accurate analytical approximation formulas. These property formulas include interfacial bounds as well as universal scaling laws for the mean survival time and the fluid permeability. We also estimate the principal relaxation time associated with Brownian motion among perfectly absorbing traps. For the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the long-wavelength limit, we show that a dispersion of dielectric MRJ spheres within a matrix of another dielectric material forms, to a very good approximation, a dissipationless disordered and isotropic two-phase medium for any phase dielectric contrast ratio. We compare the effective properties of the MRJ sphere packings to those of overlapping spheres, equilibrium hard-sphere packings, and lattices of hard spheres. Moreover, we generalize results to micro- and macroscopically anisotropic packings of spheroids with tensorial effective properties. The analytic bounds predict the qualitative trend in the physical properties associated with these structures, which provides guidance to more time-consuming simulations and experiments. They especially provide impetus for experiments to design materials with unique bulk properties resulting from hyperuniformity, including structural-color and color-sensing applications.
Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Pulse Type Affects Irrigation Temperatures in a Benchtop Ureteral Model (2019)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> MOSES<sup>™</sup> technology is a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser pulse mode shown to minimize stone retropulsion. This may facilitate lithotripsy at higher power settings. However, power and heat production are proportional, and temperatures capable of tissue injury may occur during ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Although previous <i>in vitro</i> studies demonstrate the importance of irrigation and activation time on heat production, the impact of pulse type has not been evaluated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A flexible ureteroscope with a 365 μm laser fiber was placed in an 11/13 F access sheath inserted into a 50 mL saline bag to simulate a ureter, renal pelvis, and antegrade irrigant flow. A thermocouple was placed adjacent to the laser tip, and the laser fired for 30 seconds at 0.6 J/6 Hz, 0.8 J/8 Hz, 1 J/10 Hz, 1 J/20 Hz, and 0.2 J/70 Hz at irrigation pressure of 100 mmHg. Four runs were tested per setting using short pulse, long pulse (LP), MOSES-contact (MC), and MOSES-distance (MD) modes. The mean temperature changes (dT) were compared and thermal dose was calculated in cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM43) using an adjusted baseline of 37°C. CEM43 ≥ 120 minutes was considered the tissue injury threshold. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At 0.8 J/8 Hz, LP produced the greatest dT, significantly higher than MC (<i>p</i> = 0.041). CEM43 did not exceed the injury threshold. At 1 J/10 Hz, dT was significantly higher for LP versus MC and MD (<i>p</i> = 0.024 and 0.045, respectively). Thermal dose remained below the injury threshold. No differences in dT were seen between pulse types at 0.6 J/6 Hz, 0.2 J/70 Hz, or 1 J/20 Hz. At 1 J/20 Hz, thermal dose exceeded the injury threshold for all pulse types within 3 seconds. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Laser pulse type and length seemed to impact heat production in our ureteral model. LP produced significantly greater temperatures at 0.8 J/8 Hz and 1 J/10 Hz relative to MOSES settings. Fortunately, thermal dose remained safe at these settings. Both LP and MOSES technology have been shown to reduce stone retropulsion. At power ≤10 W, the latter may confer this advantage with decreased heat production.
Bacteriophage-Insensitive Mutants of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Enterica are Altered in their Tetracycline Resistance and Virulence in Caco-2 Intestinal Cells (2020)

Bacteriophages have shown promise as therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics for the control of infectious bacteria, including the human pathogen <i>Salmonella.</i> However, the development of effective phage-based applications requires the elucidation of key interactions between phages and target hosts, particularly since host resistance to phage is inevitable. Little is known about the alteration of host phenotypes following the development of resistance to phage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility and virulence of a <i>Salmonella</i> isolate following the development of resistance to bacteriophage SI1. We observed enhanced susceptibility to tetracycline and decreased invasion capacity in a differentiated Caco-2 intestinal cell line. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed an array of mutations, most notably, truncations in <i>vgrG1_2</i>, a core gene involved in Type VI secretion and mutations in the lipopolysaccharide, thereby indicating the plausible attachment site of phage SI1. These findings shed light on understanding the underlying mechanism for phage immunity within the host. Importantly, we reveal an associated genetic cost to the bacterial host with developing resistance to phages. Taken together, these results will aid in advancing strategies to delay or eliminate the development of host resistance when designing informed phage-based antimicrobials.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structural Investigations of Didemnins A, B, and C. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table S1 from Systematic Functional Interrogation of Rare Cancer Variants Identifies Oncogenic Alleles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes and alleles selected for the project.&lt;/p&gt;
Hybrid Amplification Approach Towards Wideband Optical Communications (2022)

Optical amplification techniques using fiber nonlinearities have the potential to cover new bands beyond the C and L-bands. Among nonlinear amplifiers, the phase-sensitive amplifier has a noise figure that can ideally be 0 dB, and it can compensate for the additional noise resulting from the higher losses of new bands compared to C and L-bands in transmission fibers. In this paper, a hybrid amplifier that combines three nonlinear phenomena in highly nonlinear fibers, namely parametric wavelength conversion, Raman amplification, and phase-sensitive amplification, is proposed as a discrete amplifier to achieve sufficient gain in the new band while simultaneously minimizing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The combination of these phenomena helped to simplify the overall amplifier by eliminating the need for electrical phased lock loop and aligning the powers of the signal and idler and maximizing the pump power without signal/pump path separation. In addition, the fiber Bragg grating-based phase shifter reduced the total phase of the signals, idlers, and pump close to zero by temperature tuning. The prototype of the hybrid amplifier achieved >25 nm gain bandwidth, approximately 20 dB net gain, and the ASE level was suppressed. The proposed amplifier is suitable for applications in large-scale high-capacity networks, such as metro and long-haul networks.
Cleavable ErbB4 isoform in estrogen receptor-regulated growth of breast cancer cells (2005)

ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors are well-characterized targets for anticancer drugs, but the clinical relevance of the related ErbB4 receptor is unknown. Here, we have assessed the clinical significance of the proteolytically cleavable ErbB4 isoforms in breast cancer patients and investigated their functions in vitro. The expression of transcripts encoding the cleavable ErbB4 isoforms associated with estrogen receptor-{alpha} (ER) expression (P < 0.001) and a high histologic grade of differentiation (P ≤ 0.002) in real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of 62 breast cancer samples. Despite high ErbB4 mRNA expression levels in a subset of samples, ErbB4 gene amplification was not observed. High ErbB4 protein expression levels, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, associated with a favorable outcome in ER-positive cases from a series of 458 breast cancer patients (P = 0.01), whereas no association between ErbB4 expression and survival was found among women with ER-negative cancer (P = 0.86). However, nuclear ErbB4 immunoreactivity was associated with poor survival as compared with women whose cancer had membranous ErbB4 staining (P = 0.04). In vitro, overexpression of a cleavable ErbB4 isoform in ER-positive breast cancer cells resulted in translocation of a proteolytically released intracellular ErbB4 receptor fragment into the nucleus, as well as, enhanced proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and estrogen response element–mediated transcriptional activity. These results suggest that the association of ErbB4 expression with clinical outcome is dependent on the subcellular localization of ErbB4 and that a proteinase-cleavable ErbB4 isoform promotes growth of ER-positive breast cancer and enhances ER-mediated gene transcription.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL11 Cell Wall Lipid Transporter Is Important for Biofilm Formation, Intracellular Growth, and Nonreplicating Persistence (2017)

The mycobacterial cell wall is crucial to the host-pathogen interface, because it provides a barrier against antibiotics and the host immune response. In addition, cell wall lipids are mycobacterial virulence factors. The <i>m</i>ycobacterial <i>m</i>embrane <i>p</i>rotein <i>l</i>arge (MmpL) proteins are cell wall lipid transporters that are important for basic mycobacterial physiology and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> pathogenesis. MmpL3 and MmpL11 are conserved across pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria, a feature consistent with an important role in the basic physiology of the bacterium. MmpL3 is essential and transports trehalose monomycolate to the mycobacterial surface. In this report, we characterize the role of MmpL11 in <i>M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis</i><i>mmpL11</i> mutants have altered biofilms associated with lower levels of mycolic acid wax ester and long-chain triacylglycerols than those for wild-type bacteria. While the growth rate of the <i>mmpL11</i> mutant is similar to that of wild-type <i>M. tuberculosis</i> in macrophages, the mutant exhibits impaired survival in an <i>in vitro</i> granuloma model. Finally, we show that the survival or recovery of the <i>mmpL11</i> mutant is impaired when it is incubated under conditions of nutrient and oxygen starvation. Our results suggest that MmpL11 and its cell wall lipid substrates are important for survival in the context of adaptive immune pressure and for nonreplicating persistence, both of which are critically important aspects of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> pathogenicity.
Widespread transcript shortening through alternative polyadenylation in secretory cell differentiation (2020)

Most eukaryotic genes produce alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms. Here we report that, unlike previously characterized cell lineages, differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), a cell type critical for hormone production and secretion during pregnancy, elicits widespread transcript shortening through APA in 3'UTRs and in introns. This global APA change is observed in multiple in vitro trophoblast differentiation models, and in single cells from placentas at different stages of pregnancy. Strikingly, the transcript shortening is unrelated to cell proliferation, a feature previously associated with APA control, but instead accompanies increased secretory functions. We show that 3'UTR shortening leads to transcripts with higher mRNA stability, which augments transcriptional activation, especially for genes involved in secretion. Moreover, this mechanism, named secretion-coupled APA (SCAP), is also executed in B cell differentiation to plasma cells. Together, our data indicate that SCAP tailors the transcriptome during formation of secretory cells, boosting their protein production and secretion capacity.
Wear of Polysilicon Surface Micromachines Operated in High Vacuum (2009)

The evolution of wear at sidewall surfaces of polysilicon microelectromechanical systems was investigated in high vacuum under controlled normal load and sliding speed conditions. The static adhesion force was used as an indicator of the changes in wear characteristics occurring during oscillatory sliding contact. Measurements of the static adhesion force as a function of sliding cycles and scanning electron microscopy observations of micromachines from the same batch process subjected to nominally identical testing conditions revealed two distinctly different tribological patterns, namely, low-adhesion/high-wear behavior and high-adhesion/low-wear behavior. The static adhesion force and wear behavior were found to be in direct correlation with the micromachine operational lifetime. Transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy yielded insight into the origin, microstructure, and composition of wear debris and agglomerates adhered onto the sliding surfaces. Results demonstrate a strong dependence of micromachine operational life on the removal of the native oxide film and the organic monolayer coating as well as the formation of agglomerates consisting of organic coating material and wear debris.
Vertical Optical and Electrical Interconnection for Chip-Scale-Packaged Si Photonic Transceivers (2019)

Three-dimensional optical and electrical I/O structures for chip-scale Si photonic optical transceivers have been developed. The optical I/O structure, which is called an “optical pin,” has a vertical polymer waveguide structure. The waveguide structure has 125- μ m-pitch 8°-tilted cores. The tilted cores were formed by oblique-illuminated exposure. The electrical I/O structure comprises 250- μ m-pitch regularly-arranged through-glass-vias. As these I/O structures are configured on the same side of the Si photonic module, the configuration enables simultaneous optical and electrical bonding to a polymer-waveguide-embedded printed circuit board. The developed I/O structures minimize the packaging area and support 25-Gbps multimode transmission.