gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel entry to cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes from carbohydrates via inversion of radical reactivity in hex-2-enono-δ-lactones (1992)

Conjugated addition of benzenethiol, under mild conditions, to carbohydrate derived hex-2-enono-δ-lactones, substituted at C-6 or C-7 with an electron-rich insaturation, affords 3-phenylthio derivatives that, on treatment with tributyltin hydride and AIBN (azoisobutyronitrile), undergo an efficient radical cyclization to give highly functionalized cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes.
Mechanochemical Route for Preparation of MFI-Type Zeolites Containing Highly Dispersed and Small Ce Species and Catalytic Application to Low-Temperature Oxidative Coupling of Methane (2021)

MFI-type zeolites containing Ce species were prepared by a mechanochemically assisted two-step method, where first an amorphous Si–Ce–O composite was produced via a mechanochemical reaction of SiO2 and CeO2 and then transformed into an MFI-type zeolite under hydrothermal conditions. The Ce species in this sample were more highly dispersed than those in the two control materials: a Ce-containing MFI-type zeolite synthesized via the conventional one-pot hydrothermal approach and Ce species simply deposited on silicalite-1. The highly dispersed and small Ce species in the zeolite exhibited a unique catalytic performance for the oxidative conversion of methane after the impregnation of Pd species, and the combination of Pd and Ce species produced ethane even at reaction temperatures as low as 100–300 °C.
Synthetic 6-O-Methylglucose-Containing Polysaccharides (sMGPs):  Design and Synthesis (2007)

With the hope of mimicking the chemical and biological properties of natural 6-O-methyl-D-glucose-containing polysaccharides (MGPs), synthetic 6-O-methyl-D-glucose-containing polysaccharides (sMGPs) were designed and synthesized from alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs). The synthetic route proved to be flexible and general, to furnish a series of sMGPs ranging from 6-mer to 20-mer. A practical and scalable method was discovered selectively to cleave the CD derivatives and furnish the linear precursors to the glycosyl donors and acceptors. The Mukaiyama glycosidation was adopted to couple the glycosyl donors with the glycosyl acceptors. Unlike in the 3-O-methyl-D-mannose-containing polysaccharide (sMMP) series, the amount of the Mukaiyama acid required in the sMGP series increased with an increase of substrate size; that is, for large oligomers, more than one equivalent of the acid was required.
Core temperature and shape measurements from ignition implosions at the National Ignition Facility using multispectral x-ray imaging (2009)

Peak core temperature is an important measure of implosion performance, and will be a critical diagnostic of ignition implosion performance at the National Ignition Facility because peak temperatures must attain high values in order to form the hot-spot spark that ignites the main mass of deuterium-tritium fuel. We plan to measure peak core temperatures, resolved in space and time, using a gated pinhole camera that differentially filters the individual images in different continuum x-ray bands. Ross pair analysis allows the temperature profile to be measured directly. We describe the technique, the various challenges that include x-ray scattering, Abel inversion of noisy images that do not have perfect two-dimensional symmetry, calibrations, and background suppression, and we discuss how we expect to meet these challenges.
Differentiating mild and severe nephropathies via multiparametric urea CEST, NOE and quantitative MT imaging (2023)

Standardized blood tests lack adequate sensitivity to renal function and its underlying pathophysiology. We examined whether urea CEST, along with NOE CEST and quantitative MT imaging, can be used to quantitatively differentiate cisplatin and aristolochic acid (AA) models of mild and severe nephropathy, respectively. The increase of T 1 relaxation time and decrease of qMT contrast were parallel in two models, while the decreased intrarenal gradient of urea CEST and NOE contrast were only observed in AA models. These results indicate that our integrated approach has the potential to noninvasively quantitate renal injuries and characterize different types of renal pathophysiology.
A STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF IRINOTECAN IN BULK DRUG AND MARKETED INJECTABLES (2011)

A simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate stability-indicating high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for analysis of irinotecan both as bulk drug and in marketed injectables has been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved on LiChrospher aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of acetone–ethyl acetate–acetic acid 8.5:1.5:0.1 (v/v/v) and this system was found to give compact spots for irinotecan at RF value of 0.31 ± 0.02. Densitometric analysis was performed in the absorbance at 366 nm. The linear regression analysis for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.9973 ± 0.0013 in the concentration range of 50–500 ng/spot. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, recovery, and specificity. The % recovery (94.63–101.40%) and precision (≤4.30) were found to be satisfactory. Irinotecan was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal, and ultraviolet radiation treatments. All the peaks of degradation products were well resolved from the standard drug with significantly different retention factor (RF) values. Developed method effectively separated out the drug from its degradation products and hence can be used as stability-indicating method as well as in routine analysis of irinotecan.
Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 from ERBB3/HER2 Signaling Promotes Resistance to EGFR Blockade in Head and Neck and Colorectal Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 56K, Measurement of REGN1400 and REGN955 binding affinities.&lt;/p&gt;
Interaction of chlorine atom(2P3/2) and chlorine atom(2P1/2) with polycrystalline nickel surfaces (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of chlorine atom(2P3/2) and chlorine atom(2P1/2) with polycrystalline nickel surfacesWolfgang Mueller-Markgraf and Michel J. RossiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 2, 825–834Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100155a063https://doi.org/10.1021/j100155a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Asymptotics of query strategies over a sensor network (2004)

We consider the problem of a user querying for information over a sensor network, where the user does not have prior knowledge of the location of the information. We consider three information query strategies: (i) a source-only search, where the source (user) tries to locate the destination by initiating query which propagates as a continuous time random walk (Brownian motion); (ii) a source and receiver driven "sticky" search, where both the source and the destination send a query or an advertisement (both propagating as random walks), and these leave a "sticky" trail to aid in locating the destination; and (iii) where the destination information is spatially cached (i.e., repeated over space), and the source tries to locate any one of the caches. For a source-only search, we show that the probability that a query is unsuccessful decays as (log (t))-1. When both the source and the destination send queries or advertisements, we show that the probability that a query is unsuccessful decays as t-5/8. Further, faster polynomial decay rates can be achieved by using a finite number of queries or advertisements. Finally, when a spatially periodic cache is employed, we show that the probability that a query is unsuccessful decays no faster than t-1. Thus, we can match the decay rates of the source and the destination driven search with that of a spatial caching strategy by using an appropriate number of queries. This indicates that the appropriate strategy for querying over large sensor networks would be to use multiple queries and advertisements using the "sticky" search strategy.
Amino acid alignment of the highly abundant SPX1a-1e and SPX2a and 2b proteins. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Protein sequences were aligned using Muscle v3.7 and the degree of amino acid identity of each residue is represented by dark (strictly identical) to light purple shadings (low identity). The cleavage site of the predicted signal peptide determined using SignalP v4.1 is indicated by an arrow. &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; sequenced peptides obtained after mass spectrometry and used for the identification of these proteins are indicated in red.&lt;/p&gt;
Genetic testing in adult survivors of retinoblastoma in Denmark: A study of the experience and impact of genetic testing many years after initial diagnosis (2022)

Overall, RB survivors valued the opportunity to receive genetic counseling and undergo genetic testing many years after diagnosis. Responding RB survivors appreciated the invitation to test, felt well-informed and described little decisional conflict regarding their decision-making, valuing the genetic information and certainty. Heritable RB was confirmed in 23% of the previously untested RB survivors. These individuals emphasized the value of knowing and being proactive regarding both reproduction and cancer risk.
Rare monosaccharides and biologically active iminosugars from carbohydrate chirons (2011)

Iminosugars are polyhydroxylated alkaloids, and can be viewed as sugar analogues in which the endocyclic oxygen atom has been replaced with nitrogen. These compounds are highly medically relevant and their biological activity is largely due to their inhibition of glycosidases. Several examples of the iminosugar class are currently marketed as drugs, and many more are in earlier stages of development for a variety of diseases and disorders. The most fruitful approaches to the chemical synthesis of iminosugars have utilised carbohydrate starting materials as optically pure chiral building blocks, or chirons. Most of the monosaccharides are not readily available, but the relatively few naturally abundant cheap sugars have been exploited as chirons for over a century. The availability of the rare sugars is growing with the development of a new biotechnological approach to their synthesis, known as Izumoring. This thesis is primarily concerned with the chemical synthesis of iminosugars from carbohydrate starting materials. The synthesis of unnaturally functionalised sugar polyols and their suitability as substrates for the Izumoring process is also discussed. Chapter 1 provides a brief general overview of the history, natural occurrence and therapeutic application of iminosugars. General strategies for their synthesis from carbohydrate chirons are discussed. Chapter 2 concerns divergent syntheses of several iminosugar targets from both enantiomers of glucuronolactone and their biological evaluation. A new scaleable synthesis of the natural product 1-deoxynojirimycin is presented that has since been adopted for commercial purposes, as well as an efficient strategy for the synthesis of both enantiomers of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino- mannitol and their novel amino acid analogues. Access to hexosaminidase inhibiting acetamido- substituted piperidines is presented, including 2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D- galactitol, which has been found to be one of the few known potent and specific inhibitors of α- N-acetyl-galactosaminidase. This inhibitory profile may allow the compound’s use for further investigation of a strategy for cancer treatment. Chapter 3 concerns the synthesis of carbon branched pyrrolidines and their biological evaluation. A novel and highly potent α-glycosidase inhibitor has been discovered, synthesised by a strategy that utilises the benzhydryl ether as key protecting group. A mild method for the introduction of this protecting group has been shown to be general to a range of sterically congested and/or acid/base sensitive carbohydrate lactones. Chapter 4 concerns the synthesis of deoxygenated and fluorinated sugar alcohols and their successful biotechnological transformation into ketoses by the Izumoring process. Publications arising from this work are included in the Appendix.
Exciton polariton-mediated long-range excitation energy transport in disordered organic semiconductors (2020)

We demonstrate room-temperature ultralong-range transport &gt;80 pm of exciton- polaritons in a disordered organic thin-film using a one-sided distributed Bragg reflector, which is orders of magnitude larger than expected for excitons in disordered systems.
Monoamine oxidase-catalyzed amine oxidation in organic solvents (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonoamine oxidase-catalyzed amine oxidation in organic solventsJonathan C. G. Woo, Xueqing Wang, and Richard B. SilvermanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 19, 6235–6236Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00124a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00124a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduced gravity favors columnar crystal growth (1981)

In zero gravity, alined columnar microstructures form at expense of equiaxed growth. Preferential crystal growth occurs in solidification chamber consisting of semicylindrical copper chill block brazed to stainless steel top plate. Method is best utilized in castings where directional dependence of physical properties is beneficial, as in turbine blades.
Taylor Dispersion Analysis and Atomic Force Microscopy Provide a Quantitative Insight into the Aggregation Kinetics of Aβ (1–40)/Aβ (1–42) Amyloid Peptide Mixtures (2022)

Aggregation of amyloid β peptides is known to be one of the main processes responsible for Alzheimer's disease. The resulting dementia is believed to be due in part to the formation of potentially toxic oligomers. However, the study of such intermediates and the understanding of how they form are very challenging because they are heterogeneous and transient in nature. Unfortunately, few techniques can quantify, in real time, the proportion and the size of the different soluble species during the aggregation process. In a previous work (Deleanu et al<i>. Anal. Chem.</i> 2021, 93, 6523-6533), we showed the potential of Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) in amyloid speciation during the aggregation process of Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42). The current work aims at exploring in detail the aggregation of amyloid Aβ (1-40):Aβ (1-42) peptide mixtures with different proportions of each peptide (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) using TDA and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TDA allowed for monitoring the kinetics of the amyloid assembly and quantifying the transient intermediates. Complementarily, AFM allowed the formation of insoluble fibrils to be visualized. Together, the two techniques enabled us to study the influence of the peptide ratios on the kinetics and the formation of potentially toxic oligomeric species.
Establishment of the experimental system. (2020)

We first tested if our experimental system (virus and cells) is suitable for the intended experiments. Virus binding was tested at high MOI after low-temperature adsorption followed by immunostaining using anti-H3N2 antiserum. We found that our IAV strain could efficiently bind to A549 cells at high MOI (~100) (A). Individual cells are highlighted (dashed lines). IAV infection was performed at lower MOI (~1) to achieve a high contrast infection and avoid overinfection. Following infection, the cells were incubated for 8h, then fixed and immunostained using anti-NP antibodies. The infection was quantified as nuclear NP accumulation and analyzed using CellProfiler [56] (NP/DAPI ratio) (B). We found that our influenza A H3N2/X31 virus could efficiently infect A549 cells at a titer of 8.3*105 focus forming units (FFU) per ml. A549 cells were either treated with 100 ng/ml EGF for 30 min to reduce the concentration of available cell surface EGF receptors or 0.01U/ml neuraminidase for 3h at 37°C. Cells were infected with influenza A/X31 (MOI ~ 1) for 8h then fixed and immunolabelled for newly produced viral nucleoprotein (NP) (D). The cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Nuclear NP signal was quantified using automated image analysis with CellProfiler (E, F). (PDF)
Variation in Risk and Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Study (2015)

In this study, the absolute and severity-adjusted rates of AKI and hospital mortality rates for AKI varied across centers. Future studies should examine whether variation in the risk of AKI among centers is due to differences in clinical practice or process of care or residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.
Adult myeloid leukaemia, geology, and domestic exposure to radon and gamma radiation: a case control study in central Italy. (1998)

In view of the limited numbers, the results do not in general refute a possible risk of myeloid leukaemia from exposure to indoor radon or gamma radiation, but decrease the credibility of such a relation in the area studied and also of other studies suggesting an effect without monitoring indoor radiation. Some other fairly strong determinants have appeared--that is, level of urbanisation and living in modern houses--that might need further consideration.
Macrolactamization Approaches to Arylomycin Antibiotics Core (2018)

Two practical entries to arylomycin antibiotics core structures are investigated. In route A, the activation of l-Hpg for the key macrolactamization step is achieved in 89% yield in the presence of unprotected phenol and amine functionalities. Alternatively, a propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P)-promoted coupling between thel-Tyr and l-Ala moieties in route B led to a facile macrolactamization in 68% yield with a marked reduction in competing oligomerization.
Design impact study of wiring size and barrier metal on device performance toward 22 nm-node featuring EUV lithography (2009)

The resistance of wiring with a width of less than 40 nm was firstly evaluated by using an EUV lithography (lambda=13.5 nm). The resistance was quite high in narrow wiring with conventional Ta barrier film, while a very low effective resistivity rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of lower than 4.5 muOmega cm was obtained by using PVD-Ru barrier film. This difference was attributed to combination of thinner barrier metal films in the trench, the larger grain size and better filling capability of the Ru barrier metal. The predicted circuit-performance using the Ru barrier was 10% higher than that with Ta barrier and the operating-speed distribution was estimated to be less than 5 % for the 22 nm-node CMOS generation.
Differential Regulation of Circulating Levels of Molecular Chaperones in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Periodontal Disease (2007)

Circulating levels of molecular chaperones are influenced by local inflammation. HSP10 is known to be an anti-inflammatory factor. The marked decrease of this circulating protein in active inflammation and its recovery post-treatment suggests that it may have a role in controlling periodontal inflammation.
Near real-time thematic clustering of web documents and other internet contents (2013)

In the past decade, Internet has radically changed our lives, enabling us to obtain information on everything (disasters, political decisions, ordinary events, etc.) we are interested in in almost real-time. Downloading a web page by a browser, instant messaging or file sharing generate huge amount of network traffic that carry valuable information on the most relevant topics that raise interest in individual users, user groups or the entire society. However, the analysis of this huge amount of unstructured textual data poses many challenges, especially if it is not possible to store the data off-line and real-time clustering is needed. In this paper, we propose a framework for real-time textual content clustering of different sources called documents over the Internet, including posts on Twitter and Facebook, blogs, web sites or other textual contents. To support real-time processing, we extend the spherical on-line K-means clustering algorithm with heuristic improvements: an adaptive dimension reduction technique is introduced to keep the dimension of the document space on a reasonable level, and the ability to open new and remove old clusters according to the actual demand is also added. The performance of our improved algorithm called ASKM (Adaptive Streaming K-Means) has been analyzed on a ground truth data set based on the catalog of Open Directory Project. Furthermore, we also consider a much more realistic scenario where only some parts of the Internet documents are available because of practical limitations of traffic capturing, resulting incomplete textual documents to be clustered. We also show that the proposed method can achieve reasonable good accuracy even in this practical case.
Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of ioglicinate, a new contrast medium for intravenous urography. (1978)

The new amino acid-bound contrast medium ioglicinate was first of all studied in respect of its pharmacokinetics in comparison to iothalamate and amidotrizoate in groups of 4 patients. The distribution volume was very similar for all 3 substances. Ioglicinate was found to have the shortest half-life. The elimination of the contrast media studied was mainly via the kidneys. The plasma protein binding of ioglicinate was again lower than that of amidotrizoate and iothalamate. These good experimental results were confirmed for ioglicinate in respect of the tolerance and opacification in a subsequently conducted clinical double-blind study in groups of 50 patients in comparison with iothalamate.