gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What is "normal" pump flow? (2006)

The concept of a “normal” pump flow during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) meets the same requirements of the concept of “normal” cardiac output in the physiologic circulation. In both cases, the concept of “normality” is misleading. The normal blood flow (either if generated by the heart or a pump) simply does not exist: much more correct is the notation of “adequate” blood flow, that means a flow adequate to support the metabolic needs of the various organs. As a matter of fact, metabolic needs are represented by oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), that under normal conditions is about 250 ml/min in a subject weighing 70 kg, awake and at rest. This value may dramatically increase during physical exercise (up to 5 L/min), or decrease if the patient is under anaesthesia. Moreover, temperature plays a very important role in determining the VO2 of the patient during cardiac operations with CPB. Not by chance, the usual way for determining the correct pump flow is based on the body surface area (BSA) and the temperature. Usually, the pump flow is settled between 2.0 and 3.0 L . min -1 . m -2
Syntheses and biological effects of natural Morinda lactone and derivatives (2022)

2-Caffeoyl-3-ketohexulofuranosonic acid γ-lactone (morinda lactone; 1a), a natural constituent of <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L. (Rubiaceae), and eight derivatives with variance in the aryl residue were synthesised by Tsuji-Trost allylation of vitamin C acetonide with the respective aryl allyl alcohol. They were screened for antibiotic activities and for effects on the growth and persistence of microbial biofilms. Some derivatives were active against biofilms of <i>S. aureus</i> or <i>C. albicans</i> at concentrations not toxic to these microorganisms or mammalian cells.
Data from The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Affects Pathogenetic Pathways in Preclinical B-cell Tumor Models and Synergizes with Targeted Drugs (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In cancer cells, the epigenome is often deregulated, and inhibition of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins is a novel epigenetic therapeutic approach. Preliminary results of an ongoing phase I trial have reported promising activity and tolerability with the new BET bromodomain inhibitor OTX015.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We assessed the preclinical activity of OTX015 as single agent and in combination in mature B-cell lymphoma models and performed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiments to identify the mechanism of action and the genetic features associated with sensitivity to the compound.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; OTX015 showed antiproliferative activity in a large panel of cell lines derived from mature B-cell lymphoid tumors with median IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 240 nmol/L, without significant differences among the different histotypes. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiments showed that OTX015 targeted NFKB/TLR/JAK/STAT signaling pathways, MYC- and E2F1-regulated genes, cell-cycle regulation, and chromatin structure. OTX015 presented &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; synergism with several anticancer agents, especially with mTOR and BTK inhibitors. Gene expression signatures associated with different degrees of sensitivity to OTX015 were identified. Although OTX015 was mostly cytostatic, the compound induced apoptosis in a genetically defined subgroup of cells, derived from activated B-cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, bearing wt&lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;, mutations in &lt;i&gt;MYD88&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CD79B&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;CARD11&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Together with the data coming from the ongoing phase I study, the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; data presented here provide the basis for further clinical investigation of OTX015 as single agent and in combination therapies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1628–38. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Corrections to "Limits on the Performance of RF-Over-Fiber Links and Their Impact on Device Design" (2007)

The authors correct an error in their original article (see ibid., vol.54, no.2, p.906-20, Feb. 2006).
COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF PRECIPITATION PROCESSES IN THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL INORGANICS BASED WASTE WATERS : THE IMPACT OF REACTOR AND PROCESS CONFIGURATION (2007)

COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF PRECIPITATION PROCESSES IN THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL INORGANICS BASED WASTE WATERS : THE IMPACT OF REACTOR AND PROCESS CONFIGURATIONVeolia utilizes several processes for precipitation in industrial waste water treatment presenting a high mineral load. The reaction mechanisms and the impact of hydraulics, crucial in these processes of crystallization, are not always controlled.Processes of mineral precipitation used by VEOLIA are HARDTAC, Dense Sludge, TURBOMIX Multiflo and conventional precipitation techniques. The objective...Author(s)Eric BarbierSebastien LogetteRobert G. CookCharles D. BlumenscheinSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 45: Treatment of Inorganic WastewaterDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2007ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20070101)2007:15L.3304;1-DOI10.2175/193864707787973833Volume / Issue2007 / 15Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)3304 - 3316Copyright2007Word count94
Improving biosensing activity to carcinoembryonic antigen with orientated single domain antibodies (2017)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), also referred as CEACAM5, is integral to the adhesion process during cancer invasion and metastasis and is one of the most widely used tumor markers for assisting the diagnosis of cancer recurrence and cancer metastasis. Antibodies against CEA molecules have been developed for detection and diagnostic applications following tumor removal. Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) against CEA isolated from dromedary and llama exhibited high specificity in binding to tumor cells. However, because these CEA sdAbs were not designed to be orientated when conjugated to surface sensors, there is potential for significant improvements in their activity and limit of detection. Herein we modified the CEA sdAbs with two different C-terminal fusions designed to aid with orientation by way of the tail's charge and biotin binding. A fusion which incorporated the C-terminus addition of a positively charged tail (B5-GS3K) improved biosensor sensitivity to CEA while also retaining the sub-nanomolar binding affinity and thermal stability of the unmodified sdAb. Using our fabricated surfaces on bare gold chips and a multiplexed surface plasmon resonance imager (SPRi), we quantified the specific binding activities, defined as the percentage of bound epitopes to the total immobilized, of the sdAb fusions and anti-CEA mAb. Our results demonstrate that monovalent B5-GS3K exhibited significantly improved binding activity, approximately 3-fold higher than bivalent mAb.
A Cross-Sectional Study on 3-(2-Deoxy-β-D-Erythro-Pentafuranosyl)Pyrimido[1,2-α]Purin-10(3H)-One Deoxyguanosine Adducts among Woodworkers in Tuscany, Italy (2019)

Occupational exposure to wood dust has been estimated to affect 3.6 million workers within the European Union (EU). The most serious health effect caused by wood dust is the nasal and sinonasal cancer (SNC), which has been observed predominantly among woodworkers. Free radicals produced by inflammatory reactions as a consequence of wood dust could play a major role in SNC development. Therefore, we investigated the association between wood dust and oxidative DNA damage in the cells of nasal epithelia, the target site of SNC. We have analyzed oxidative DNA damage by determining the levels of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M<sub>1</sub>dG), a major-peroxidation-derived DNA adduct and a biomarker of cancer risk in 136 woodworkers compared to 87 controls in Tuscany, Italy. We then examined the association of M<sub>1</sub>dG with co-exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exposure length, and urinary 15-F<sub>2t</sub> isoprostane (15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP), a biomarker of oxidant status. Wood dust at the workplace was estimated by the Information System for Recording Occupational Exposures to Carcinogens. M<sub>1</sub>dG was measured using <sup>32</sup>P-postlabeling and mass spectrometry. 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP was analyzed using ELISA. Results show a significant excess of M<sub>1</sub>dG in the woodworkers exposed to average levels of 1.48 mg/m<sup>3</sup> relative to the controls. The overall mean ratio (MR) between the woodworkers and the controls was 1.28 (95% C.I. 1.03-1.58). After stratification for smoking habits and occupational status (exposure to wood dust alone and co-exposure to VOCs), the association of M<sub>1</sub>dG with wood dust (alone) was even greater in non-smokers workers, MR of 1.43 (95% C.I. 1.09-1.87). Conversely, not consistent results were found in ex-smokers and current smokers. M<sub>1</sub>dG was significantly associated with co-exposure to VOCs, MR of 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.46-2.61), and occupational history, MR of 2.47 (95% C.I. 1.67-3.62). Next, the frequency of M<sub>1</sub>dG was significantly correlated to the urinary excretion of 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-IsoP, regression coefficient (β) = 0.442 ± 0.172 (SE). Consistent with the hypothesis of a genotoxic mechanism, we observed an enhanced frequency of M<sub>1</sub>dG adducts in woodworkers, even at the external levels below the regulatory limit. Our data implement the understanding of SNC and could be useful for the management of the adverse effects caused by this carcinogen.
Conformational Contrast of Surface-Mediated Molecular Switches Yields Ångstrom-Scale Spatial Resolution in Ultrahigh Vacuum Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2016)

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the ability of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to resolve atomic-scale surface features with the single-molecule chemical sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, we report additional insights into the nature of the conformational dynamics of a free-base porphyrin at room temperature adsorbed on a metal surface. We have interrogated the conformational switch between two metastable surface-mediated isomers of meso-tetrakis(3,5-ditertiarybutylphenyl)-porphyrin (H<sub>2</sub>TBPP) on a Cu(111) surface. At room temperature, the barrier between the porphyrin ring buckled up/down conformations of the H<sub>2</sub>TBPP-Cu(111) system is easily overcome, and a 2.6 Å lateral resolution by simultaneous TERS and STM analysis is achieved under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. This work demonstrates the first UHV-TERS on Cu(111) and shows TERS can unambiguously distinguish the conformational differences between neighboring molecules with Ångstrom-scale spatial resolution, thereby establishing it as a leading method for the study of metal-adsorbate interactions.
Influence of the Unusual Covalent Adduct on the Kinetics and Formation of Radical Intermediates in Synechocystis Catalase Peroxidase (2004)

Catalase-peroxidases (KatGs) are heme peroxidases with a catalatic activity comparable to monofunctional catalases. They contain an unusual covalent distal side adduct with the side chains of Trp(122), Tyr(249), and Met(275) (Synechocysis KatG numbering). The known crystal structures suggest that Tyr(249) and Met(275) could be within hydrogen-bonding distance to Arg(439). To investigate the role of this peculiar adduct, the variants Y249F, M275I, R439A, and R439N were investigated by electronic absorption, steady-state and transient-state kinetic techniques and EPR spectroscopy combined with deuterium labeling. Exchange of these conserved residues exhibited dramatic consequences on the bifunctional activity of this peroxidase. The turnover numbers of catalase activity of M275I, Y249F, R439A, and R439N are 0.6, 0.17, 4.9, and 3.14% of wild-type activity, respectively. By contrast, the peroxidase activity was unaffected or even enhanced, in particular for the M275I variant. As shown by mass spectrometry and EPR spectra, the KatG typical adduct is intact in both Arg(439) variants, as is the case of the wild-type enzyme, whereas in the M275I variant the covalent link exists only between Tyr(249) and Trp(122). In the Y249F variant, the link is absent. EPR studies showed that the radical species formed upon reaction of the Y249F and R439A/N variants with peroxoacetic acid are the oxoferryl-porphyrin radical, the tryptophanyl and the tyrosyl radicals, as in the wild-type enzyme. The dramatic loss in catalase activity of the Y249F variant allowed the comparison of the radical species formed with hydrogen peroxide and peroxoacetic acid. The EPR data strongly suggest that the sequence of intermediates formed in the absence of a one electron donor substrate, is por(.-)(+) --> Trp(.-) (or Trp(.-)(+)) --> Tyr(.-). The M275I variant did not form the Trp(.-) species because of the dramatic changes on the heme distal side, most probably induced by the repositioning of the remaining Trp(122)-Tyr(249) adduct. The results are discussed with respect to the bifunctional activity of catalase-peroxidases.
Transverse instabilities for counterpropagation in Kerr media (1989)

In a Kerr medium with instantaneous response, pure counterpropagation of scalar plane waves is dynamically stable because of conservation laws. Inclusion of diffraction provides extra degrees of freedom, and both plane waves and Gaussian beams become unstable against transverse modulation when counterpropagating in a Kerr medium, even with no explicit feedback. The spontaneous spatial patterns which emerge may be dynamic or static but are frequently metastable, often persisting for hundreds of transit times before changing. Stability analysis leads to an interpretation as a generalization of phase conjugate oscillation to the Raman-Nath regime, in which formed and backward four-wave mixing terms are important, and can lead to lower thresholds than in the Bragg regime. Thresholds are also often lower than for the plane wave instabilities found when, e.g., finite response time or field polarization are incorporated, so that these theories will often be incomplete without transverse effects. Some existing experimental observations may be ascribable to transverse instabilities, even in more complex configurations such as resonators.
Microstrip antennas for dielectric property measurement (2003)

The measurement of the dielectric properties of materials is of great interest in a variety of applications including measurement of the moisture, fat, salt, or sugar content of grains and food products, measurement of human tissues or artificial phantom materials used to simulate them, and many other scientific and commercial applications. Conventional methods of measuring these properties include coaxial measuring probes or cylindrical capacitive cells. The commercial equipment available for this purpose is generally too expensive to be used "in-line" and may be too fragile for many applications in harsh conditions. This paper describes microstrip antenna designs for the determination of dielectric properties. These antennas are designed for durability in extreme conditions and utilize a change of impedance when in direct or near contact to the sample to determine the dielectric properties.
In Situ Studies of Phase Transitions in Thin Discotic Films (2005)

The crystalline to liquid crystalline (Cr-LC) phase transition in thin films of zone-cast hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene sixfold substituted with dodecyl side chains (HBC-C12H25) has been studied in detail using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GID), electron diffraction (ED), and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), When heating the material, a first minor transition is observed around 42 degrees C. This change is attributed to alterations of the crystalline alkyl chain packing, which only slightly changes the electronic properties of the material. At higher temperatures of about 90 degrees C, but still significantly below the previously reported transition temperature in bulk, the Cr-LC transition is observed. An accompanying large increase in optical anisotropy is compatible with the X-ray data, showing a transition from the as-cast herringbone-like crystalline state to a highly ordered discotic hexagonal columnar LC phase. The structural transition has the macroscopic effect of increasing the film thickness. The high structural order of the as-cast low-temperature phase is only partly recovered after cooling, and the phase transition exhibits a large hysteresis. From the ellipsometry data, the dielectric tensor of HBC-C12H25 was refined to unprecedented detail.
Systemic Depletion of Macrophages by Liposomal Bisphosphonates Reduces Neointimal Formation Following Balloon-Injury in the Rat Carotid Artery (2003)

Systemic transient inactivation of monocytes and macrophages by LBPs reduced macrophage infiltration and neointimal formation in the rat carotid injury model. The findings demonstrate a BP potency-effect relationship, and highlight the role of circulating monocytes in vascular injury and repair.
Use of pulsed high power ion beams to enhance tribological properties of stainless steel, Ti, and Al (1998)

Enhanced tribological properties have been observed after treatment with pulsed high power ion beams, which results in rapid melting and resolidification of the surface. The authors have treated and tested 440C martensitic stainless steel (Fe-17 Cr-1 C). Ti and Al samples were sputter coated and ion beam treated to produce surface alloying. The samples were treated at the RHEPP-I facility at Sandia National Laboratories (0.5 MV, 0.5--1 {micro}s at sample location, <10 J/cm{sup 2}, 1--5 {micro}m ion range). They have observed a reduction in size of second phase particles and other microstructural changes in 440C steel. The hardness of treated 440C increases with ion beam fluence and a maximum hardness increase of a factor of 5 is obtained. Low wear rates are observed in wear tested of treated 440C steel. Surface alloyed Ti-Pt layers show improvements in hardness up to a factor of 3 over untreated Ti, and surface alloys of Al-Si result in a hardness increase of a factor of two over untreated Al. Both surface alloys show increased durability in wear testing. Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) measurements show overlayer mixing to the depth of the melted layer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and TEM confirm the existence of metastable states within the treated layer. Treated layer depths have been measured from 1--10 {micro}m.
HD-Eye - Visual Clustering of High dimensional Data. (2003)

Clustering of large data bases is an important research area with a large variety of applications in the data base context. Missing in most of the research efforts are means for guiding the clustering process and understanding the results, which is especially important for high dimensional data. Visualization technology may help to solve this problem since it provides effective support of different clustering paradigms and allows a visual inspection of the results. The HD-Eye (high-dim. eye) system shows that a tight integration of advanced clustering algorithms and state-of-the-art visualization techniques is powerful for a better understanding and effective guidance of the clustering process, and therefore can help to significantly improve the clustering results.
Optical absorption of hyperbolic metamaterial with stochastic surfaces (2014)

We investigate the absorption properties of planar hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) consisting of metal-dielectric multilayers, which support propagating plane waves with anomalously large wavevectors and high photonic-density-of-states over a broad bandwidth. An interface formed by depositing indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles on an HMM surface scatters light into the high-k propagating modes of the metamaterial and reduces reflection. We compare the reflection and absorption from an HMM with the nanoparticle cover layer versus those of a metal film with the same thickness also covered with the nanoparticles. It is predicted that the super absorption properties of HMM show up when exceedingly large amounts of high-k modes are excited by strong plasmonic resonances. In the case that the coupling interface is formed by non-resonance scatterers, there is almost the same enhancement in the absorption of stochastically perturbed HMM compared to that of metal.
Erlotinib in pancreatic cancer (2007)

The price of the product should reflect the improvement in patient outcomes.About $55,000 per annum for a novel therapy is the current US benchmark, and Euro 55.000 per quality-adjusted life year (or progression-free year) is probably a reasonable assumption about the practical price limit in Europe.In the United States, patient assistance programs and co-pay assistance can help patients obtain reimbursement and minimise the possibility that co-payments would limit use.For Europe, a pharmacoeconomic study is needed. Increasing cost containment is already taking place in bothEurope and the United States.When considering clinical trial design, appropriately sized patient subgroups with a higher likelihood of a treatment benefit should be prospectively defined to increase the likelihood of a positive outcome of the study.Furthermore, clinical end-points, the efficacy improvement required in the treatment arm and the control arm selected should all be considered with pharmacoeconomic and reimbursement relevance in mind.Ideally, future pivotal trials should include a built-in pharmacoeconomic assessment.
Inverted spin valves for magnetic heads and sensors (1997)

Inverted spin valves (Si substrate/Ta/X/Fe50Mn50/Ni80Fe20/Cu/Ni80Fe20/Ta with X=Cu or Ni80Fe20) have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and magnetoresistance measurements. The newly proposed Ni80Fe20 buffer layer provides a significantly increased magnetoresistance ratio compared to the usual Cu buffer. This makes it possible to use inverted spin valves instead of conventional spin valves in magnetic heads and sensors, offering reduced corrosion sensitivity and a higher GMR ratio. First test structures for tape heads have been fabricated and evaluated.
Effects of hyperlipidemias in hamsters on lipid transfer protein activity and unidirectional cholesteryl ester transfer in plasma (1991)

Experiments were performed to characterize plasma lipid transfer protein activity (LTA), and the rate of [3H]CE transfer from HDL to lower density lipoproteins in plasma of hamsters. Compared to rabbits, hamster plasma has about one-tenth the level of d greater than 1.21 LTA but a relatively high level of VLDL-triacylglycerols, and a higher fractional rate of HDL-[3H]CE transfer in plasma (in vitro) than predicted by the d greater than 1.21 LTA. Like the rat, hamster plasma contains an inhibitor(s) of LTA; the level of the inhibitor activity in d greater than 1.21 g/ml plasma was similar in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic hamsters. Hypertriglyceridemia in sucrose-fed hamsters did not affect LTA, cholesteryl ester transfer or the plasma level of HDL-CE. However, a comparable degree of hypercholesterolemia was associated with a 122% increase in plasma d greater than 1.21 LTA and a 63% increase in the fractional rate of [3H]CE transfer from HDL to lower density lipoproteins in plasma. Cholesterol feeding in hamsters was associated with increased plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol and, to a lesser extent, with VLDL- and IDL-cholesterol.