gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quality of life (QOL), cognitive function and depression in a randomized phase II study of abiraterone acetate (ABI) plus prednisone (P) vs enzalutamide (ENZA) for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2017)

5036 Background: ABI + P and ENZA treatments are associated with side effects that may impair QOL. ENZA has been associated with cognitive and memory impairment. There has been no direct comparison between these agents and their effect on these domains. Methods: Randomized phase II trial of ABI + P vs ENZA as 1st-line therapy for mCRPC (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02125357). FACT-P QOL questionnaire, patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were completed throughout the study. The proportion of patients with a clinically significant change in FACT-P (10 points total FACT-P score, 3 points FACT-P subscales), worsening of PHQ-9 depression symptom severity (none = 0-4, mild = 5-9, moderate = 10-14, moderate-severe = 15-19, severe ≥20) and decline in MoCA cognitive impairment level (normal = 27-30, mild = 18-26, moderate = 10-17, severe ˂ 10) at week 12 was compared between study arms for this analysis. Results: From 202 patients (pts) accrued, there were 162, 145 and 142 pts with baseline and 12-week FACT-P, PHQ-9 and MoCA assessment. Median baseline FACT-P, PHQ-9 and MoCA scores were similar in both arms. From baseline to 12 weeks, the median total FACT-P score improved in the ABI + P arm (115 to 128, P = 0.02), but there was no change in the ENZA arm (114 to 114, P = 1.00). There was a higher rate of significant worsening for the physical well-being (PWB) subscale for ENZA vs ABI + P (TABLE), but not for the other FACT-P subscales. There was a higher rate of worsening in depression severity in the ENZA arm (TABLE), although worsening to a moderate-severe/severe level occurred in only 2 patients. There was also a trend for worsening in cognitive impairment for the ENZA arm (TABLE). Conclusions: These data suggest there are distinct differences between ABI + P vs ENZA and their effects on QOL, mood symptoms and cognitive function. Clinical trial information: NCT02125357. [Table: see text]
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Escherichia coli Influence Biofilm Formation through YjgK (TabA) and Fimbriae (2008)

The roles of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria have been debated. Here, the role of five TA systems in regard to biofilm development was investigated (listed as toxin/antitoxin: MazF/MazE, RelE/RelB, ChpB, YoeB/YefM, and YafQ/DinJ). Although these multiple TA systems were reported previously to not impact bacterial fitness, we found that deletion of the five TA systems decreased biofilm formation initially (8 h) on three different surfaces and then increased biofilm formation (24 h) by decreasing biofilm dispersal. Whole-transcriptome profiling revealed that the deletion of the five TA systems induced expression of a single gene, yjgK, which encodes an uncharacterized protein; quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed consistent induction of this gene (at 8, 15, and 24 h). Corroborating the complex phenotype seen upon deleting the TA systems, overexpression of YjgK decreased biofilm formation at 8 h and increased biofilm formation at 24 h; deletion of yjgK also affected biofilm formation in the expected manner by increasing biofilm formation after 8 h and decreasing biofilm formation after 24 h. In addition, YjgK significantly reduced biofilm dispersal. Whole-transcriptome profiling revealed YjgK represses fimbria genes at 8 h (corroborated by qRT-PCR and a yeast agglutination assay), which agrees with the decrease in biofilm formation upon deleting the five TA systems at 8 h, as well as that seen upon overexpressing YjgK. Sand column assays confirmed that deleting the five TA systems reduced cell attachment. Furthermore, deletion of each of the five toxins increased biofilm formation at 8 h, and overexpression of the five toxins repressed biofilm formation at 8 h, a result that is opposite that of deleting all five TA systems; this suggests that complex regulation occurs involving the antitoxins. Also, the ability of the global regulator Hha to reduce biofilm formation was dependent on the presence of these TA systems. Hence, we suggest that one role of TA systems is to influence biofilm formation.
Image database querying using a multi-scale localized color representation (2003)

A computationally efficient method to encode the spatial concentration of colors in images based on local histogram intersection is introduced. The representation allows image matching at multiple resolutions and partial matching of image regions without requiring image segmentation or cluster approximations. The method has been tested on a heterogeneous database of 16643 images and video frames. Results of objective evaluation using manually selected ground-truth image queries as well as ground-truth video keyframe queries are presented.
A Randomized Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of the H3 Antagonist ABT-288 in Cognitive Impairment Associated With Schizophrenia (2014)

Neither dose of ABT-288 resulted in cognitive improvement in clinically stable adults with schizophrenia.
360-deg. FLIR imager for networkable unattended ground sensor (UGS) (2003)

An uncooled bolometric FLIR UGS camera is proposed that provides a full 360&deg; FOV. This camera makes use of a 160x120 pixel bolometric FPA which is operated in random access readout mode and a ground-breaking optics forming image in all directions without moving parts, allowing such imaging with no increase in power consumption with respect to a camera with a unidirectional FOV. This novel IR imaging optics can be further equipped with a supplementary objective to provide passive observation of the sky or another fixed direction. The 360&deg; FOV objective is expected to have f/1, to show an MTF value greater than 50% at the FPA Nyquist frequency, and to yield a thermal resolution better than 100 mK.
High-Resolution Model-based Material Decomposition for Multi-Layer Flat-Panel Detectors. (2020)

In this work we compare a novel model-based material decomposition (MBMD) approach against a standard approach in high-resolution spectral CT using multi-layer flat-panel detectors. Physical experiments were conducted using a prototype dual-layer detector and a custom high-resolution iodine-enhanced line-pair phantom. Reconstructions were performed using three methods: traditional filtered back-projection (FBP) followed by image-domain decomposition, idealized MBMD with no blur modeling (iMBMD), and MBMD with system blur modeling (bMBMD). We find that both MBMD methods yielded higher resolution decompositions with lower noise than the FBP method, and that bMBMD further improves spatial resolution over iMBMD due to the additional blur modeling. These results demonstrate the advantages of MBMD in resolution performance and noise control over traditional methods for spectral CT. Model-based material decomposition hence has great potential in high-resolution spectral CT applications.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Power: High-Performance MVA Gradient Drivers (2015)

In high-performance magnetic resonance imaging systems, the gradient driver is required to supply the gradient coil with a large current (>600 A) and a high voltage (>2000 V) to achieve a strong gradient field and a fast slew rate. In addition, extremely high fidelity for reproducing the current command from the central system is very critical to imaging quality. This paper presents the solutions for the different elements of the driver: 1) high-bandwidth (BW) power inverter; 2) ripple cancelation filter; 3) multioutput power supply (PS); and 4) digital control. A high-BW power inverter requires a stacked-bridges structure to achieve a high output ripple frequency with the existing commercial power semiconductor modules. The high voltage and the high frequency for large power modules can be obtained easier and with lower loss using the new silicon carbide devices. The control needs a digital implementation and a very fast processor. Digital control provides compensation and feedforward to improve the response. A capability improvement is obtained by reducing the switching frequency when large currents with a very low-frequency variation are needed. The control can handle it very well, but the filter has to be designed to eliminate more than one ripple frequency. Finally, many PS solutions have been used for multiple isolated outputs, but digital control compensation permits the use of much simpler unregulated PS and keeps the performance. A 2 MVA, 900 A/1200 V, platform has been built and fully tested. The experimental results proved the validity of the proposed structure and the modulation technique.
The MicroRNA-132 and MicroRNA-212 Cluster Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Survival with Age by Buffering FOXO3 Expression (2015)

MicroRNAs are critical post-transcriptional regulators of hematopoietic cell-fate decisions, though little remains known about their role in aging hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We found that the microRNA-212/132 cluster (Mirc19) is enriched in HSCs and is upregulated during aging. Both overexpression and deletion of microRNAs in this cluster leads to inappropriate hematopoiesis with age. Enforced expression of miR-132 in the bone marrow of mice led to rapid HSC cycling and depletion. A genetic deletion of Mirc19 in mice resulted in HSCs that had altered cycling, function, and survival in response to growth factor starvation. We found that miR-132 exerted its effect on aging HSCs by targeting the transcription factor FOXO3, a known aging associated gene. Our data demonstrate that Mirc19 plays a role in maintaining balanced hematopoietic output by buffering FOXO3 expression. We have thus identified it as a potential target that might play a role in age-related hematopoietic defects.
Endogenous Adenosine Curtails Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Tumour Necrosis Factor Synthesis (1997)

Recent studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of exogenous adenosine on TNF production. During inflammation endogenous adenosine levels are elevated and may be one of several anti-inflammatory mediators that reduce TNF synthesis. In the present study the authors investigated this role of adenosine in freshly isolated human PBMC. The effect of endogenous adenosine on TNF formation was studied by four different approaches. First, adenosine deaminase was added to LPS-stimulated mononuclear cells. This enzyme specifically deaminates extracellular adenosine to the inactive metabolite inosine. TNF production was augmented from baseline stimulation (LPS alone) of 3.5 +/- 0.4 ng ml-1 -5.2 +/- 0.9 ng ml-1 in the presence of 10 U ml-1 adenosine deaminase. Second, TNF production was determined after stimulation in the presence of dipyridamole, an inhibitor of cellular re-uptake of adenosine which increases extracellular concentrations. TNF synthesis was reduced dose-dependently from 3.1 +/- 0.9 ng ml-1 -1.1 +/- 0.2 ng ml-1 by 10 microM dipyridamole. Third, the adenosine A2 receptor antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (100 nM) enhanced TNF synthesis from a baseline of 3.7 +/- 0.5 ng ml-1 -5.5 +/- 0.9 ng ml-1. In contrast, no increase resulted from the addition of 100 nM of the specific A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. Finally, the authors were able to show that suppression of TNF formation by the specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram can be completely reversed by adenosine deaminase or by the application of the A2 receptor antagonist. The authors conclude that endogenous adenosine controls TNF production. This effect of adenosine may not only have a physiological role but also appears to contribute to the pharmacological inhibition of TNF synthesis by exogenous agents such as the specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram.
Two-stage switching behavior of polymer stabilized cholesteric textures (1997)

The electro-optical behavior of polymer stabilized cholesteric texture cells has been investigated for three different polymers. The switching process was studied with respect to the electric field dependence of the diffuse reflectivity, diffuse transmittance, and the dynamics of the reorientation process. For certain polymer concentrations, a two-stage reorientation process was observed. This behavior is consistent with the cholesteric liquid crystal being divided between two distinct environments. In the first, the liquid crystal is strongly dominated by the polymer network, while in the second a bulklike behavior, comparable to the unstabilized cholesteric material, is observed. Scanning electron micrographs of the polymer networks further support this model. Measurements of the diffuse scattering indicate that the polymer influenced regions contribute largely to the observed back scattering, whereas the bulklike material contributes primarily to forward scattering.
Maize Chromomethylase Zea methyltransferase2 Is Required for CpNpG Methylation (2001)

A cytosine DNA methyltransferase containing a chromodomain, Zea methyltransferase2 (Zmet2), was cloned from maize. The sequence of ZMET2 is similar to that of the Arabidopsis chromomethylases CMT1 and CMT3, with C-terminal motifs characteristic of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA methyltransferases. We used a reverse genetics approach to determine the function of the Zmet2 gene. Plants homozygous for a Mutator transposable element insertion into motif IX had a 13% reduction in methylated cytosines. DNA gel blot analysis of these plants with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and bisulfite sequencing of a 180-bp knob sequence showed reduced methylation only at CpNpG sites. No reductions in methylation were observed at CpG or asymmetric sites in heterozygous or homozygous mutant plants. Our research shows that chromomethylase Zmet2 is required for in vivo methylation of CpNpG sequences.
A Dynamic Programming Approach for Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

The routing problem in wireless mesh networks is concerned with finding "good" source-destination paths. It generally faces multiple objectives to be optimized, such as i) path capacity, which accounts for the bits per second that can be sent along the path connecting the source to the destination node, and ii) end-to-end delay. This paper presents the mesh routing algorithm (MRA), a dynamic programming approach to compute high-capacity paths while simultaneously bounding the end-to-end delay. The proposed algorithm also provides the option of routing through multiple link-disjoint paths, such that the amount of traffic through each path is proportional to its capacity. Simulation results show that MRA outperforms other common techniques in terms of path capacity, while at the same time bounding the end-to-end delay to a desired value.
Bacillus anthracis tagO Is Required for Vegetative Growth and Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthesis (2015)

Bacillus anthracis elaborates an SCWP to support vegetative growth and envelope assembly. Here, we show that some, but not all, SCWP synthesis is dependent on tagO-derived murein linkage units and subsequent attachment of SCWP to peptidoglycan. The data implicate secondary polymer modifications of peptidoglycan and subcellular distributions as a key feature of the cell cycle in Gram-positive bacteria and establish foundations for work on the molecular functions of the SCWP and on inhibitors with antibiotic attributes.
Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals — Applications (1998)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Smectic Mesogens Laser-Addressed Devices Thermally and Electrically Addressed Displays Dielectric Reorientation of SmA Phases Dynamic Scattering in SmA Liquid Crystal Phases Two Frequency Addressed SmA Devices Polymer-Dispersed Smectic Devices Conclusions
Increasing healthcare costs (2016)

It is challenging to find reliable studies concerning this subject matter. As patients are under the umbrellas of variously organized healthcare systems which span different cultures, the costs between countries are difficult to compare. However, one common aspect to lower costs in glaucoma care is to improve patient adherence. Theoretical models with actual patient studies could enable cost reductions by comparing multiple diagnostic and therapeutic scenarios. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COOP/A22.
Mitigation of B1+ inhomogeneity using spatially selective excitation with jointly designed quadratic spatial encoding magnetic fields and RF shimming (2016)

The jointly designed SAGS and RF shimming method can be used to achieve homogeneous flip angle distributions when fully parallel RF transmission is not available. Magn Reson Med 78:577-587, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Computational Investigation of the Solvation of Nitric Acid:  Formation of the NO3- and H3O+ Ion Pair (2004)

MP2 and B3LYP calculations were performed on complexes of nitric acid with water using the 6-311++G(2d,p) basis set to determine optimized geometries and binding energies for HNO3···nH2O systems (n = 1−4). The structures for the global minima for n = 1−4 have homodromic rings formed by successive hydrogen bonds. The potential energy surface for the HNO3···nH2O clusters is quite shallow. The first stable ion-pair configuration is obtained for a HNO3···4H2O complex. The ion pair, H3O+NO3-, is separated by the three H2O molecules forming an Eigen-ion (H9O4+) type structure. The transition states and activation barriers for n = 1−4 were also determined. The zero-point corrected transition-state barrier for the ion pair is only 0.5 kcal/mol. Larger HNO3···nH2O clusters (n up to 32) were also determined to be dominated by the ion-pair motif.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen–Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirects Lymphocytes to Target Human Melanomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from A High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen–Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirects Lymphocytes to Target Human Melanomas
Does Valved Holding Chamber Improve Aerosol Lung Deposition with a Jet Nebulizer? A Randomized Crossover Study (2022)

Using valved holding chambers (VHC) during aerosol therapy has been reported to improve the inhaled dose with various aerosol devices, including vibrating mesh nebulizers. The aim of this study was to quantify the pulmonary deposition of a jet nebulizer (JN) with and without a VHC, and a mesh nebulizer (MN) with a VHC in a randomized cross-over trial with seven healthy consenting adults. Our hypothesis was that the use of a VHC would improve deposition with the JN. Diethylnitriaminopentacetic acid with technetium (DTPA-Tc99m), with the activity of 1 mC with 0.9% saline solution was nebulized. The radiolabeled aerosol was detected by 2D planar scintigraphy after administration. The pulmonary deposition was greater with a JN with a VHC (4.5%) than a JN alone (3.2%; p = 0.005. However, an MN with a VHC (30.0%) was six-fold greater than a JN or JN with a VHC (p < 0.001). The extrapulmonary deposition was higher in the JN group without a VHC than in the other two modalities (p < 0.001). Deposition in the device was greater with a JN + VHC than an MN+/VHC (p < 0.001). Lower residual drug at the end of the dose was detected with an MN than either JN configuration. The exhaled dose was greater with a JN alone than either an MN or JN with VHC (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the addition of the VHC did not substantially improve the efficiency of aerosol lung deposition over a JN alone.
Healthy live births after mosaic blastocyst transfers with the use of next-generation sequencing (2019)

Transfer of high-mosaicism embryos selected using current techniques can result in healthy euploid newborns. Amniocentesis suggested that mosaic embryos can be self-corrected before 18 weeks of GA.
Surface morphology and crystal quality of low resistive indium tin oxide grown on yittria-stabilized zirconia (2002)

Highly electrically conductive (resistivity: 1×10−4 Ω cm) indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown heteroepitaxially on (111) and (100) surfaces of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) at a growth temperature of 900 °C using a pulsed-laser deposition technique, and their crystal quality and surface morphology were evaluated by using high-resolution x-ray diffraction and an atomic force microscope. Higher growth temperature, the use of a cleaved surface as a substrate, and an increase in oxygen pressure are essential to fabricate an ITO thin film with an atomically flat surface. The full width at half maximum of out-of-plane x-ray rocking curves of ITO (222) grown on YSZ (111) and of ITO (400) on YSZ (100) were 54 and 720 arcseconds, respectively, which indicates that (111)-oriented ITO films exhibited higher crystal quality than (100)-oriented ITO films. The ITO film was grown on YSZ (111) by the three-dimensional spiral growth mode, with flat terraces and steps corresponding to (222) plane spacing of 0.293 nm, and the grain size was reduced with increasing oxygen pressure during ITO film growth, to improve overall surface flatness. On the other hand, only a columnar structure was observed in the (100)-oriented ITO film surface.
Molecular basis for the behavioral effects of the odorant degrading enzyme Esterase 6 in Drosophila (2017)

Previous electrophysiological and behavioural studies implicate esterase 6 in the processing of the pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate and various food odorants that affect aggregation and reproductive behaviours. Here we show esterase 6 has relatively high activity against many of the short-mid chain food esters, but negligible activity against cis-vaccenyl acetate. The crystal structure of esterase 6 confirms its substrate-binding site can accommodate many short-mid chain food esters but not cis-vaccenyl acetate. Immunohistochemical assays show esterase 6 is expressed in non-neuronal cells in the third antennal segment that could be accessory or epidermal cells surrounding numerous olfactory sensilla, including basiconics involved in food odorant detection. Esterase 6 is also produced in trichoid sensilla, but not in the same cell types as the cis-vaccenyl acetate binding protein LUSH. Our data support a model in which esterase 6 acts as a direct odorant degrading enzyme for many bioactive food esters, but not cis-vaccenyl acetate.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Leukemia Cell-Rhabdovirus Vaccine: Personalized Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 - PDF file 21K, Treatment schedules&lt;/p&gt;
Expression of epidermal growth factor in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). (1997)

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) is an abnormal condition of the placenta, the incidence of which is very high in the State of Kerala, India. The biology of the disease is vague and methods to determine the malignant potentialis limited. Placentae of normal (50) and molar pregnancy (95) including 32 patients showing persistent disease were used in this study. EGF expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody to EGF and quantitated using isotope labelled antibody to EGF. EGF was expressed more strongly in molar placentae in all gestational ages in comparison with normal placentae of similar gestational age, the expression being restricted mainly to first and second trimesters in normal placentae. Moles with early presenting symptoms (< 12 weeks) were at a higher risk for developing persistent disease. In conclusion, the immunohistochemical study shows high expression of EGF in early normal placentae and moles linking its role to proliferative and differentiating activity of trophoblasts. Tumors with histological diagnosis of invasive moles and choriocarcinoma showed very strong binding of EGF and thus EGF has the potential of identifying high risk lesions.