gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic Therapy (2011)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rapidly advancing treatment for multiple diseases. PDT involves the administration of a nontoxic drug or dye known as a photosensitizer (PS), either systemically, locally, or topically, to a patient bearing a lesion (frequently but not always cancer), followed after some time by the illumination of the lesion with visible light; in the presence of oxygen, leads to the generation of cytotoxic species and consequently to cell death and tissue destruction. The light is absorbed by the PS molecule and the excited state PS transfers energy to ground state molecular oxygen, forming a reactive oxygen species that oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The resulting damage to essential biomolecules kills target cells by necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy. When used as a cancer treatment PDT is known to cause direct tumor cell killing, severe damage to tumor blood vessels, and also produce an acute inflammatory reaction that can stimulate the immune system to recognize, track down, and even kill distant tumor cells that could cause metastases. This chapter focuses on studies of PDT that have employed a systems biology approach. These experiments have been frequently carried out using geneexpression micro-arrays. We will cover protective responses induced by PDT that include activation of transcription factors, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and antiapoptotic pathways. Elucidation of these mechanisms might result in the design of more effective combination strategies to improve the antitumor efficacy of PDT. Specific pathways shown to be activated after PDT are heat shock proteins 90, 70, and 27, heme oxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
The Effect of ${\hbox {Ca}}^{2+}$ Codoping on Shallow Traps in YSO:Ce Scintillators (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Low temperature (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex> </formula>35 K) measurements of the scintillation kinetics of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm Y}_{2}{\hbox {SiO}}_{5}:{\rm Ce}$</tex></formula> (YSO:Ce) have previously illustrated that shallow electron traps can play an important role in the scintillation mechanism. In addition, divalent calcium co-doping of isostructural <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {Lu}}_{2}{\hbox {SiO}}_{5}:{\rm Ce}$</tex></formula> (LSO:Ce) has been shown to eliminate shallow electron traps and decrease scintillation decay time while maintaining high light output. Here we investigate the effect of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {Ca}}^{2+}$</tex></formula> codoping on the trap populations and scintillation kinetics of YSO:Ce. Single crystals were grown with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {Ca}}^{2+}$</tex></formula> concentrations up to 0.5 at% relative to Y. Thermoluminescence measurements indicate a significant reduction in shallow traps, and a marked change in the scintillation kinetics can be seen in the scintillation time profiles as a result of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {Ca}}^{2+}$</tex></formula> codoping. </para>
Ia-restricted B-B cell interaction. I. The MHC haplotype of bone marrow cells present during B cell ontogeny dictates the self-recognition specificity of B cells in the polyclonal B cell activation by a B cell differentiation factor, B151-TRF2. (1987)

We have demonstrated that B cell recognition of Ia molecules is involved in polyclonal B cell differentiation by B151-TRF2. The present study was undertaken to examine the Ia recognition specificity of B151-TRF2-responsive B cells in fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-allogeneic P1----P2, semiallogeneic P1----(P1 x P2)F1, and double donor (P1 + P2)----(P1 x P2)F1 and (P1 + P2)----P1 radiation bone marrow chimeras. The B cells from both P1----P2 and P1----(P1 x P2)F1 chimeras could give rise to in vitro immunoglobulin M-producing cells upon stimulation with B151-TRF2 comparable in magnitude to that of normal P1 B cells, and their responses were inhibited by anti-I-AP1 but not by anti-I-AP2 monoclonal antibody even in the presence of mitomycin C-treated T cell-depleted P2 spleen cells as auxiliary cells. In contrast, the B151-TRF2 responses of P1 B cells isolated from both (P1 + P2)----(P1 x P2)F1 and (P1 + P2)----P1 double bone marrow chimeras became sensitive to the inhibition of not only anti-I-AP1 but also anti-I-AP2 monoclonal antibody only when the culture was conducted in the presence of P2 auxiliary cells, demonstrating that they adaptively differentiate to recognize as self-structures allogeneic as well as syngeneic Ia molecules. Moreover, the experiments utilizing B cells from H-2-congenic mice and B cell hybridoma clones as auxiliary cells revealed that B151-TRF2-responsive B cells recognize Ia molecules expressed on B cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that B151-TRF2-responsive B cells recognize Ia molecules expressed by B cells as self-structures and that their self-recognition specificity is dictated by the MHC haplotype of bone marrow cells present during the B cell ontogeny but not by the MHC haplotype of a radiation-resistant host environment.
CSIMBA: Towards a Smart-Spectral Cubesat Constellation (2019)

We present the CSIMBA project in which we are developing a hyperspectral instrument for a nanosat (12U cubesat) IOD mission. It builds upon the results of the CHIEM initiative where we developed a novel compact imager with a hyperspectral sensor using thin film interference filters directly deposited on a 12Mpixel CMOS 2D detector array. The spectral range covers 475 to 900nm and has a resolution of approximately 5nm. The instrument provides a 80 km swath and 20 m GSD for a 500 km satellite orbit. The longer term goal is to build up a constellation of hyperspectral nanosats, capable of enhanced vegetation monitoring of agricultural fields and the biodiversity status with a revisit rate of a few days.
Solutioning of Highly-Valued IT Service Contracts (2018)

Information technology (IT) service providers typically compete in a tender kind of process to win highly valued service contracts. The process starts with the client submitting a request for proposal (RFP) document. The service providers prepare s solution that would fulfill the requirements from the RFP. However, this solution is typically prepared manually, requiring intensive resource preparation that can take weeks or months. In this work-in-progress paper, we propose a two-step automated end-to-end solution methodology to prepare a competitive solution. The first step involves taking the client's requirements and mapping them to the optimal set of the provider's offerings and their attribute values that cover such client requirements at a minimum cost. In the second step, market benchmarks are applied to compute the pricing of chosen offerings. Sometimes these benchmarks are unknown for particular offerings provided in some geographies world-wide. Therefore, we propose an approach for inferring these unknown benchmarks along with a confidence score. We apply our overall methodology to real data of one of the world's largest IT service providers and show that it is both more efficient and more effective than manual solutioning, thus increasing win rates for the provider.
Parthenolide Inhibits Tubulin Carboxypeptidase Activity (2007)

Microtubules are centrally involved in cell division, being the principal components of mitotic spindle. Tubulin, the constituent of microtubules, can be cyclically modified on its alpha-subunit by enzymatic removal of the COOH-terminal tyrosine residue by an ill-defined tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) and its readdition by tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL). We and others have previously shown that suppression of TTL and resulting accumulation of detyrosinated tubulin are frequent in human cancers of poor prognosis. Explanations for the involvement of TTL and detyrosinated tubulin in tumor progression arise from the recent discovery that tubulin detyrosination leads to CAP-Gly protein mislocalization, which correlates with defects in spindle positioning during mitosis. Impaired control of spindle positioning is one factor favoring tumor invasiveness. Thus, TCP could be a target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against advanced stages of cancers. Inhibitors of TCP, by reversing abnormal detyrosinated tubulin accumulation in tumor cells, could impair tumor progression. TCP has never been isolated and this has hampered search of specific inhibitors. In this article, we describe a cell-based assay of TCP activity and its use to screen a library of natural extracts for their inhibitory potency. This led to the isolation of two sesquiterpene lactones. We subsequently found that parthenolide, a structurally related compound, can efficiently inhibit TCP. This inhibitory activity is a new specific property of parthenolide independent of its action on the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Parthenolide is also known for its anticancer properties. Thus, TCP inhibition could be one of the underlying mechanisms of these anticancer properties.
Clinically Relevant Influenza Virus Evolution Reconstituted in a Human Lung Airway-on-a-Chip (2021)

Human-to-human transmission of viruses, such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses, can promote virus evolution and the emergence of new strains with increased potential for creating pandemics. Clinical studies analyzing how a particular type of virus progressively evolves new traits, such as resistance to antiviral therapies, as a result of passing between different human hosts are difficult to carry out because of the complexity, scale, and cost of the challenge. Here, we demonstrate that spontaneous evolution of influenza A virus through both mutation and gene reassortment can be reconstituted <i>in vitro</i> by sequentially passaging infected mucus droplets between multiple human lung airway-on-a-chip microfluidic culture devices (airway chips). Modeling human-to-human transmission of influenza virus infection on chips in the continued presence of the antiviral drugs amantadine or oseltamivir led to the spontaneous emergence of clinically prevalent resistance mutations, and strains that were resistant to both drugs were identified when they were administered in combination. In contrast, we found that nafamostat, an inhibitor targeting host serine proteases, did not induce viral resistance. This human preclinical model may be useful for studying viral evolution <i>in vitro</i> and identifying potential influenza virus variants before they appear in human populations, thereby enabling preemptive design of new and more effective vaccines and therapeutics. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The rapid evolution of viruses, such as influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is challenging the use and development of antivirals and vaccines. Studies of within-host viral evolution can contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological factors that shape viral global evolution as well as development of better antivirals and vaccines. However, little is known about how viral evolution of resistance to antivirals occurs clinically due to the lack of preclinical models that can faithfully model influenza infection in humans. Our study shows that influenza viral evolution through mutation or gene reassortment can be recapitulated in a human lung airway-on-a-chip (airway chip) microfluidic culture device that can faithfully recapitulate the influenza infection <i>in vitro.</i> This approach is useful for studying within-host viral evolution, evaluating viral drug resistance, and identifying potential influenza virus variants before they appear in human populations, thereby enabling the preemptive design of new and more effective vaccines and therapeutics.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Overloaded Cellular Internet of Things (2020)

In the near future, it is envisioned that cellular networks will have to cope with extensive Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Therefore, a required feature of cellular IoT will be the capability to serve simultaneously a large number of devices with heterogeneous demands and qualities of Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT). In this paper, we focus on an overloaded Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC) with two groups of CSIT qualities, namely one group of users (representative of high-end devices) for which the transmitter has partial knowledge of the CSI, the other group of users (representative of IoT devices) for which the transmitter only has knowledge of the statistical CSI. We introduce Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA), a new multiple access based on multi-antenna Rate-Splitting (RS) for cellular IoT. Two strategies are proposed, namely, Time Partitioning-RSMA (TP-RSMA) and Power Partitioning-RSMA (PP-RSMA). The former independently serves the two groups of users over orthogonal time slots while the latter jointly serves the two groups of users within the same time slot in a non-orthogonal manner. We first show at high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) that PP-RSMA achieves the optimum Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) in an overloaded MISO BC with heterogeneous CSIT qualities and then show at finite SNR that, by marrying the benefits of PP and RSMA, PP-RSMA achieves explicit sum rate gain over TP-RSMA and all baseline schemes. Furthermore, PP-RSMA is robust to CSIT inaccuracy and flexible to cope with Quality of Service (QoS) rate constraints of all users. The DoF and rate analysis helps us draw the conclusion that PP-RSMA is a powerful framework for cellular IoT with a large number of devices.
Novel MOF catalysts based on calix[4]arene for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide and CO2 (2022)

In this study, novel composite materials based on calix[4]arene with hydroxyl groups in the arene “bowl” (K-OH) and the aluminum(III) 2-aminoterephthalate metal organic framework (NH2-MIL-101(Al), MIL) have been synthesized according to in situ or “bottle around ship” strategy. The effect of the synthesis method, i.e., MW-assisted technique (MW) and the solvothermal procedure (Solv), on the structural, morphological, textural and catalytic properties of MIL/K-OH composites was demonstrated. Catalytic performance of the MIL/K-OH(MW) and MIL/K-OH(Solv) composites was studied in solvent-free coupling of CO2 and propylene oxide (PO) to produce propylene carbonate (PC) at 0.8 MPa of CO2 and 80 °C. The activity of the MIL/K-OH(Solv) catalyst was higher in comparison with MIL/K-OH(MW) material as a result of the differences in the textural properties. The binary system MIL/K-OH(MW)/[n-Bu4N]Br was demonstrated to be a promising catalyst for cycloaddition of CO2 to PO. In its presence, the conversion of PO was 77 % with 99 % selectivity towards PC at 1.2 MPa of CO2, 50 °C for 24 h.
Optical properties of gold thin films at elevated temperatures (2016)

Temperature dependence of gold thin film optical constants is studied from room temperature to 500 °C for different crystallinities and thicknesses. Degradation of plasmonic properties at elevated temperatures and its effects on applications are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A More Expedient Approach to the Synthesis of Anti‐HIV‐Active 2,3‐ Dideoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D‐threo‐pentofuranosyl Nucleosides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Removal of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane by Metal Oxide (2014)

酸素および高濃度水蒸気共存下でのPt/Al2O3触媒による水素酸化反応において，反応ガス中に揮発性低分子シロキサン（デカメチルシクロペンタシロキサン（D5））が存在すると，触媒表面にD5が吸着して水素酸化率が低下した．高い触媒活性を維持するため，反応ガスを各種金属酸化物（除去材），触媒の順で接触させ，触媒を通過した後のガス中の水素濃度経時変化を調べた．その結果，各種除去材がD5を反応ガス中から除去し，触媒の水素酸化率低下を抑制することがわかった．特に，ZrO2, メソ多孔体であるSBA-15やMCM-41は高いD5除去性能を示し，Si–O骨格にZr, Tiを組み込んだZr-SBA-15, Ti-SBA-15は新規な酸点が発現し，SBA-15の除去性能を向上した．Zr-SBA-15をコートしたハニカムのみを用いたD5除去試験において，ハニカムを通過したガス中に未分解のD5とCH4が検出された．ハニカムに流通させたD5と，未分解のD5とCH4でハニカム前後の炭素収支がほぼ100%となり，D5は加水分解して除去されていることを確認した．アレニウスプロットから加水分解反応の次数はD5濃度に対し一次であった．
A fast and usually linear algorithm for global flow analysis (abstract only) (1975)

ible graphs is presented. The algorithm is shown to treat a very general class of function spaces. For a graph of e edges, the algorithm has a worst case time bound of O(e log e) function operations. It is also shown that in programming terms, the number of operations is proportional to e plus the number of exits from program loops. Consequently a restriction to one-entry one-exit control structures guarantees linearity. The algorithm can be extended to yet larger classes of function spaces and graphs by relaxing the time bound. Examples are given of code improvement problems which can be solved using the algorithm.
Simulating Motion - Incorporating Spatial Consistency into NYUSIM Channel Model (2018)

This paper describes an implementation of spatial consistency in the NYUSIM channel simulation platform. NYUSIM is a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel simulator that realizes measurement-based channel models based on a wide range of multipath channel parameters, including realistic multipath time delays and multipath components that arrive at different 3-D angles in space, and generates life-like samples of channel impulse responses (CIRs) that statistically match those measured in the real world. To properly simulate channel impairments and variations for adaptive antenna algorithms or channel state feedback, channel models should implement spatial consistency which ensures correlated channel responses over short time and distance epochs. The ability to incorporate spatial consistency into channel simulators will be essential to explore the ability to train and deploy massive multiple- input and multiple-output (MIMO) and multi-user beamforming in next-generation mobile communication systems. This paper implements spatial consistency in NYUSIM for when a user is moving in a square area with the side length 15 m. The spatial consistency extension will enable NYUSIM to generate realistic evolutions of temporal and spatial characteristics of the wideband CIRs for mobile users in motion, or for multiple users who are in close proximity to one another.
Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Elastomer Surfaces for Dynamic Wrinkling (2023)

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are becoming increasingly popular as a shape memory material for soft robot actuators that operate in a contractile or flexural mode. There have been previously studies on the use of LCEs for reversible changes in surface topography. However, surface protrusions have typically been limited to the order of 1 μm or depend on light, heat, or electrical stimulation that are difficult to locally control or require relatively high voltage. This article presents a novel operation mode of LCE actuators based on the wrinkling behavior of an LCE‐elastomer bilayer architecture. Embedding a liquid‐metal‐based conductive ink within the LCE enables electrical control of surface wrinkling through Joule heating. The actuator cells can generate wrinkles with amplitudes ranging from 17 to 45 μm within 30 s under an input power of 2 W and a voltage on the order of 1 V. As the bilayer is composed entirely of soft materials, it is highly deformable, flexible, and can be integrated into a multi‐cell array capable of bending on curved surfaces.
In-Flight Kinetic Measurements of the Aerosol Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Electrical Mobility Classification (2006)

We describe an on-the-fly kinetic study of gas-phase growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The methodology employs electrical mobility classification of the CNT, which enables a direct measure of CNT length distribution in an aerosol reactor. The specific experiment employs two mobility classification steps. In the first step we mobility classify the catalyst particle, in this case Ni, created by pulsed laser ablation, to generate a stream of monodisperse particles. This then determined the diameter of the CNT, when a hydrocarbon/H2 mix is added in a heated aerosol reactor. A second electrical mobility classification step allows us to determine the length distribution of the CNTs. We found that CNT growth from ethylene required the addition of small amounts of water vapor, whereas growth from acetylene did not. We show that acetylene, which always has small amounts of acetone present when purchased, can provide the oxygen source to prevent catalyst coking. By varying the temperature of the growth, we were able to extract Arrhenius growth parameters. We found an activation energy for growth approximately 80 kJ mol(-1) from both acetylene and ethylene, which is considerably lower than previous works for substrate-grown CNTs (E(a) = 110-150 kJ mol(-1)). Furthermore, we observed that our aerosol CNT growth rates were about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those for substrate-grown CNTs. The dominant growth mechanism of CNT previously proposed is based upon bulk diffusion of carbon through nickel particles. However, on the basis of the lower activation energy found in this work, we proposed that the possible mechanism of gas-phase growth of CNT is correlated with both surface (E(a) = 29 kJ mol(-1)) and bulk diffusion (E(a) = 145 kJ mol(-1)) of carbon on nickel aerosol particles. Finally, the experimental approach described in this work should be amenable to other nanowire systems grown in the aerosol phase.
The Gulf of Mexico: An Overview (2021)

The Gulf of Mexico is a place where the environment and the economy both coexist and contend. It is a resilient large marine ecosystem that has changed in response to many drivers and pressures that we are only now beginning to fully understand. Coastlines of the states that border the Gulf comprise about half of the US southern seaboard, and those states are capped by the vast Midwest. The Gulf drains most of North America and is both an economic keystone and an unintended waste receptacle. It is a renowned resource for seafood markets, recreational fishing, and beach destinations and an international maritime highway fueled by vast, but limited, hydrocarbon reserves. Today, more is known about the Gulf than was imagined possible only a few years ago. That gain in knowledge was driven by one of the greatest environmental disasters of this country’s history, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The multitude of response actions and subsequent funded research significantly contributed to expanding our knowledge and, perhaps most importantly, to guiding the work needed to restore the damage from that oil spill. Funding for further work should not wait for the next major disaster, which will be too late; progress must be maintained to ensure that the Gulf continues to be resilient.
Glucagon Receptors in β-Cells (1972)

Abstract Glucagon-sensitive, insulin-secreting tumors of the Syrian (golden) hamster were homogenized in 1 mm NaHCO3 and subjected to differential centrifugation. The 10,000 x g particles were used for both binding of 125I-glucagon and activation of adenylate cyclase. Glucagon was the only hormone that activated adenylate cyclase. 125I-Glucagon bound to receptors rapidly and was competitively displaced by 1 µg per ml or less of unlabeled hormone; other polypeptide hormone were without effect. The glucagon concentration that produced half-maximal activation of adenylate cyclase was 10 ng per ml and half-maximal displacement of 125I-glucagon was 5 ng per ml; 2–29 glucagon, missing only the NH2-terminal histidine, bound to receptors but did not activate adenylate cyclase. When 2–29 glucagon was added to native glucagon, it blocked activation of adenylate cyclase. Extracts of porcine that contained glucagon immunoreactivity also activated adenylate cyclase but were only one-tenth as potent as pancreatic glucagon; 2–29 glucagon inhibited the effect of gut glucagon.