gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Etomidate Adversely Alters Determinants of Left Ventricular Afterload in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that etomidate produces similar alterations in left ventricular (LV) afterload in dogs with normal LV function or dilated cardiomyopathy.Dogs were instrumented for LV and aortic pressures, and aortic blood flow. LV afterload was measured with aortic input impedance and quantified with a three-element Windkessel model. In one group of experiments, dogs (n = 6) were paced at 240 bpm for 18 +/- 2 days (mean +/- SEM). Hemodynamic data were recorded in sinus rhythm in the conscious state and during etomidate anesthesia (5, 10, and 20 mg [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] h-1). Identical experiments were conducted in a separate group of chronically instrumented dogs not subjected to LV pacing (n = 6). No changes in heart rate and arterial and LV pressures were observed during etomidate anesthesia in cardiomyopathic dogs. There were decreases in arterial and LV systolic pressure during the administration of 20 mg [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] h-1 etomidate to dogs with normal LV function. Etomidate significantly (P < 0.05) increased total arterial resistance (R; 3220 +/- 290 dynes [center dot] s [center dot] cm-5 during control to 6110 +/- 790 dynes [center dot] s [center dot] cm-5 during 10 mg [center dot] kg (-1) [center dot] h-1) and characteristic aortic impedance (Zc; 141 +/- 22 dynes [center dot] s [center dot] cm-5 during control to 161 +/- 23 dynes [center dot] s [center dot] cm-5 during 20 mg [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] h-1) and decreased total arterial compliance (C; 0.70 +/- 0.15 mL/mm Hg during control to 0.45 +/- 0.07 mL/mm Hg during 10 mg [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] h-1) in cardiomyopathic but not healthy dogs. Etomidate markedly reduced mean aortic blood flow (2.26 +/- 0.17 L/min during control to 1.39 +/- 0.20 L/min during 10 mg [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] h-1) and increased the time constant of LV relaxation (54 +/- 3 ms during control to 74 +/- 9 ms during 20 mg [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] h-1) in dogs with LV failure. Arterial pressure is maintained during etomidate anesthesia in the presence of LV dysfunction as a result of increases in R and Zc and decreases in C. These deleterious increases in LV afterload further compromise LV systolic and diastolic performance in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Implications: The results of this investigation indicate arterial pressure is maintained during etomidate anesthesia as a consequence of increases in left ventricular (LV) afterload that further diminish LV systolic and diastolic performance in the presence of impaired LV function. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:932-8)
Advancing the Anode Compartment for Energy Efficient CO2 Reduction at Neutral pH (2021)

Abstract Energy efficient CO 2 reduction in neutral pH requires the development of electrochemical devices operating with minimal energy input. To reach this objective, we propose an original approach focused on the anode compartment where the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) takes place. Different anode catalysts, anolytes and membranes were tested, and the components resulting in the most energy efficient and stable CO 2 reduction reaction device were selected. A stainless‐steel‐based anode with significant OER activity and stability in a wide pH range was used to compare symmetric (neutral catholyte and anolyte) and asymmetric (neutral catholyte and alkaline anolyte) configurations. The gain in energy efficiency for carbon products of 6–8 % in the asymmetric configuration highlighted the advantages of a pH gradient. Although a Nafion membrane gave the highest energy efficiencies, the pH was unstable. Therefore, bipolar membranes that can maintain a pH gradient emerge as the best option for long‐term electrolysis. This work paves the way for the development of highly energy efficient CO 2 ‐reduction devices with cathodes operating in low pH conditions.
An Interferometric Method for High Extinction Ratio Measurements With 60-dB Dynamic Range (2008)

In this letter, we introduce a novel interferometric method for dynamic extinction ratio measurement of temporally demultiplexed pulses. A high extinction intensity modulator is used in order to temporally demultiplex the pulse train. The resulting extinction ratio is measured to be 44 dB. Our method has a dynamic range of ~60 dB. To our knowledge, this is the highest dynamic extinction ratio measurement method reported to date for high-speed optical modulators.
Thermal photocatalytic generation ofH2overCuAlO2nanoparticle catalysts inH2O (2009)

It is becoming increasingly important to find renewable carbon-free energy sources. Harnessing the relatively large potential of solar radiation is currently the subject of considerable research. We have found a relatively strong thermal activation process for photocatalytic water splitting. Our measurements indicate an order of magnitude increase in hydrogen generation rates for a temperature rise of $50\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$, suggesting an approach to practical efficiencies. Generation rates are stable over time. This process, which makes use of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared components of the solar spectrum, is analyzed via first-principles computations.
Abstract 352: Preclinical evaluation of LYS6K1, a novel, highly selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of p70 S6 kinase currently in phase I clinical trials for cancer (2010)

Abstract PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway (AKT pathway) controls cell survival, cell-cycle progression, cell growth and metabolism through a cascade phosphorylation of a number of key substrates. This pathway is regulated by three well characterized tumor suppressors; pten, tsc2, and lkb1. Deletion of these genes results in activation of the AKT pathway and proliferative disorders. Similarly, activating mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinases or PI3 Kinase result in the activation of the pathway. Therefore, multiple nodes of the pathway have become drug targets. As part of a comprehensive drug discovery platform aimed at targeting the PI3K pathway, we have developed a potent small molecule inhibitor of p70 S6 kinase that is a downstream effector in this pathway. LYS6K1 is a potent, highly selective ATP competitive inhibitor against p70 S6 kinase with an IC50 of 0.002 uM. In vitro, LYS6K1 inhibits the phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein in HCT116 colon cancer cells with an IC50 of 0.2 uM and similar activity is seen in a broad range of other cell lines. In vivo, LYS6K1.tosylate demonstrates potent phospho-S6 inhibition in nude mice bearing HCT116 colon carcinoma cells, with an ED50 value of 2.2 mg/kg and a ED90 value of 10 mg/kg 4 hours after a single oral dose. In these studies, LYS6K1.tosylate did not show statistically significant elevation of phospho-AKT, in spite of potent p70 S6 kinase inhibition. Proportional dose, exposure, and pharmacodynamic relationships were observed for LYS6K1 in dose- and time- dependent studies. In vivo, LYS6K1.tosylate effectively inhibits the growth of HCT116 colon carcinoma xenografts in mice and the growth of U87MG glioblastoma tumor as a single agent at 2.5 mg/kg given twice daily. Overall, LYS6K1.tosylate has high permeability that resulted in good oral absorption and PK properties. Based on these pre-clinical observations, LYS6K1.tosylate has advanced to Phase I studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 352.
Numerical analysis of transmission efficiency to guarantee the QoS for densely distributed UAV with randomly located ground station (2010)

In the case of densely distributed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an inter-node interference degrades the received signal to interference noise ratio (SINR). In this paper, we focused on the interference effects of densely distributed nodes so that variation of transmission efficiency can be numerically analyzed. Simulation results show that the received SINR highly depends on the antenna directivity so that the required bandwidth can be reduced with sharp beam pattern. Increasing the transmit power, however, improves the transmission efficiency very slightly due to the interference limited region of highly distributed UAV. When the ground station (GS) is located in the random position, the larger bandwidth is required to guarantee the QoS.
Hsp104 antagonizes α-synuclein aggregation and reduces dopaminergic degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease (2008)

Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration and intracellular inclusions of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibers, which are stable and difficult to dissolve. Whether inclusions are neuroprotective or pathological remains controversial, because prefibrillar oligomers may be more toxic than amyloid inclusions. Thus, whether therapies should target inclusions, preamyloid oligomers, or both is a critically important issue. In yeast, the protein-remodeling factor Hsp104 cooperates with Hsp70 and Hsp40 to dissolve and reactivate aggregated proteins. Metazoans, however, have no Hsp104 ortholog. Here we introduced Hsp104 into a rat PD model. Remarkably, Hsp104 reduced formation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein inclusions and prevented nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by PD-linked alpha-synuclein (A30P). An in vitro assay employing pure proteins revealed that Hsp104 prevented fibrillization of alpha-synuclein and PD-linked variants (A30P, A53T, E46K). Hsp104 coupled ATP hydrolysis to the disassembly of preamyloid oligomers and amyloid fibers composed of alpha-synuclein. Furthermore, the mammalian Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperones, Hsc70 and Hdj2, enhanced alpha-synuclein fiber disassembly by Hsp104. Hsp104 likely protects dopaminergic neurons by antagonizing toxic alpha-synuclein assemblies and might have therapeutic potential for PD and other neurodegenerative amyloidoses.
Dicer-2 Regulates Resistance and Maintains Homeostasis against Zika Virus Infection in Drosophila (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks pose a massive public health threat in several countries. We have developed an in vivo model to investigate the host-ZIKV interaction in <i>Drosophila</i> We have found that a strain of ZIKV replicates in wild-type flies without reducing their survival ability. We have shown that ZIKV infection triggers RNA interference and that mutating <i>Dicer-2</i> results in enhanced ZIKV load and increased susceptibility to ZIKV infection. Using a flavivirus-specific Ab, we have found that ZIKV is localized in the gut and fat body cells of the infected wild-type flies and results in their perturbed homeostasis. In addition, <i>Dicer-2</i> mutants display severely reduced insulin activity, which could contribute toward the increased mortality of these flies. Our work establishes the suitability of <i>Drosophila</i> as the model system to study host-ZIKV dynamics, which is expected to greatly advance our understanding of the molecular and physiological processes that determine the outcome of this disease.
Localization of TIMP-3 mRNA expression to the retinal pigment epithelium. (1996)

Expression of TIMP-3 in the RPE is consistent with the recent demonstration of TIMP-3 mutations in patients with Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, a condition marked by the early onset of choroidal neovascularization in the macula. Unlike many of the recently described genes that cause human retinal disease, TIMP-3 is preferentially expressed in the RPE of the normal eye, as opposed to the photoreceptors.
Sustained oscillations in free-energy state and hexose phosphates in yeast (1996)

In a population of intact cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the dynamics of glycolytic metabolism were investigated under the condition of sustained oscillations. At 5-s intervals cells were quenched in −40°C methanol, extracted and the intracellular concentrations of glycolytic metabolites, adenine nucleotides and phosphate were analysed. Oscillations were found for the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. At variance with earlier reports on transient glycolytic oscillations, some intermediates further down the glycolytic pathway did not oscillate significantly, even though NADH did. In addition, the adenylate energy charge and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis oscillated significantly. Dynamic coupling through the latter may be responsible for this effective compartmentation of glycolytic dynamics.
Rates of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors: Results from the National Cancer Database. (2015)

395 Background: Per existing best practice guidelines, careful observation with serial imaging (active surveillance) or primary chemotherapy have supplanted primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Hypothesizing that rates of primary RPLND have declined over the past decade, our objective was to assess temporal trends in primary treatment for stage I NSGCT using a large national cancer registry. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all patients diagnosed with stage I NSGCT from 1998-2011. Temporal trends for receipt of primary RPLND, chemotherapy, or observation (defined as no treatment) were assessed. Adjusting for patient, demographics (age, ethnicity, race, insurance status, education, income, geographic location), and clinicopathologic characteristics (stage), multivariable logistic models were used to examine the association between available covariates and receipt of primary RPLND. Results: Of 15,822 patients identified over the study period, 9,001 (56.9%), 2,937 (18.6%), and 3,884 (24.5%) underwent observation, RPLND, and chemotherapy respectively. While rates of observation minimally changed over time (56.3 to 55.0%, p=0.85), a significant decrease in utilization of RPLND (23.0 to 12.4%, p&lt;0.001) was matched by a significant increase in receipt of primary chemotherapy (20.7 to 32.5%, p&lt;0.001). Rates of RPLND declined across all age groups—age &lt; 30 (24.3% to 12.1%, P&lt;0.0001), age 30-39 (21.6% to 13.8%, p &lt;0.0001), age 40-49 (23.1% to 11.4%, p&lt;0.0001), age&gt;50 (20.0% to 11.7%, p = 0.02). Following adjustment, stage T2 (OR 0.79 [CI 0.72-0.87]) and T3 (OR 0.33 [CI 0.24-0.96]), and age categories 40-49 years (OR 0.83 [CI 0.72-0.94]) and ≥50 years (OR 0.66 [CI 0.52-0.82]) were associated with decreased utilization of RPLND. Conclusions: In hospitals reporting to the NCDB, utilization of primary RPLND for stage I NSGCT has significantly decreased over the last decade, while receipt of primary chemotherapy has increased over the same period. While employed in more than 50% of patients, rates of observation remain unchanged.
Solid-Electrolyte Nanometer Switch (2006)

We have developed a solid-electrolyte nonvolatile switch (here we refer as NanoBridge) with a low ON resistance and its small size. When we use a NanoBridge to switch elements in a programmable logic device, the chip size (or die cost) can be reduced and performance (speed and power consumption) can be enhanced. Developing this application required solving a couple of problems. First, the switching voltage of the NanoBridge (∼ 0.3 V) needed to be larger than the operating voltage of the logic circuit (> 1 V). Second, the programming current (> 1 mA) needed to be suppressed to avoid large power consumption. We demonstrate how the Nanobridge enhances the switching voltage and reduces the programming current.
New Lignans Identified in Softwoods (2005)

Research in our group has revealed that softwood knots, i.e. the branch bases inside tree stems, commonly contain 5-10% (w/w) of free lignans. A few lignans dominate in most industrially important softwood species, the most common lignans being 7-hydroxymatairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, lariciresinol, and nortrachelogenin. In addition, some minor lignans, of which some still are unidentified, are present in varying amounts in softwoods. We here report on the isolation and structural characterisation of two new 7-hydroxy divanillyl butyrolactol lignans, 1 and 2, which earlier, based solely on GC-MS analyses, incorrectly have been addressed as isomers of liovil in most softwoods. Some spruce species can contain up to 0.9% (w/w) of 1 and 2 in total. Additionally, we report on the isolation and structural characterisation of two previously unknown butyrolactone lignans, 3 and 4, which are present in amounts up to 0.5% (w/w) in, e.g. spruce species. The lignans were first extracted from softwood knots and then fractionated using appropriate techniques of normal and reversed-phase HPLC, reversed-phased TLC, and crystallisation from alcohol. The purified lignans were analysed using GC-FID, GC-EI-MS, LC-ESI-MS, and <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR techniques. We conclude that knots in many softwood species constitute the richest known source of easily accessible lignans in nature. Our research has brought us close to a complete characterisation of all significant lignans in softwood knots. Nevertheless, some minor lignans still remain unidentified and should be characterised in the near future.
Progress and challenges on 3D tubular structures and devices of 2D materials (2022)

Due to their unique structures and properties, emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials have been at the frontier of research in, e.g., materials science, physics, and engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) tubular geometry enables 2D materials unparalleled advantages for various applications, for example, wide-angle infrared photodetectors, extremely sensitive molecular sensors, and memory with high density. Furthermore, 3D tubular structures offer a promising integration platform into chips with a broad range of materials, especially 2D materials. In this Perspective, we highlight state-of-the-art methods to assemble/manufacture 2D materials into 3D tubular structures/devices via self-rolled-up or template methods. These tubular 3D devices inspire unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties for optical microcavity, photodetector, on-chip electronics, and bubble-propelled microengines. On-chip manufacture of 3D tubular structures/devices provides great opportunity and challenge for 2D materials for More than Moore applications such as unconventional electronics, smart sensors, and miniaturized robots.
Thermosipho affectus sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, cellulolytic bacterium isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent (2010)

A novel obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, organotrophic bacterium, strain ik275mar(T), was isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Cells were rods surrounded by a sheath-like structure (toga), 0.4-0.9 µm in width and 1.2-6.0 µm in length. Strain ik275mar(T) grew at 37-75 °C, pH 5.6-8.2 and at NaCl concentrations of 10-55 g l(-1). Under optimum conditions (70 °C, pH 6.6, NaCl 20 g l(-1)), doubling time was 32 min. The isolate was able to ferment carbohydrates including starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Acetate, H(2) and CO(2) were the main products of glucose fermentation. G+C content of DNA was 27 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ik275mar(T) is a member of the genus Thermosipho. 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with the other species of the genus Thermosipho ranged from 93.7 to 94.5 %. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate, we propose a novel species, Thermosipho affectus sp. nov., with type strain ik275mar(T) ( = DSM 23112(T) = VKM B-2574(T)).
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: current concepts in biology and treatment (2009)

Natural killer/T-cell (NK/T) lymphomas represent a group of rare tumors of NK and NK-T cells. The World Health Organization classifies NK-cell tumors into three types, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas (ENKL, nasal and non-nasal), NK-cell leukemias, and a blastic variant (CD4-positive, CD56-positive hematodermic neoplasms). We focus our review to the current concepts in biology and treatment of ENKL. Though considerable advances have been made in our understanding of NK-cell biology, malignant transformation including the role of Epstein-Barr virus, and prognosis, the rare nature of ENKL and its heterogeneity limit the ability to standardize therapy. Radiotherapy is fundamental to treatment of early-stage disease with a role for chemoradiotherapy among high-risk patients. The clinical course of advanced disease is highly aggressive with frequent chemotherapy resistance and a poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches to advanced-stage or relapsed and refractory disease, including the appropriate sequence of chemotherapy, combined modality therapy, and stem cell transplantation is not well-established. International and multicenter clinical trials are needed for this rare and aggressive disease.
Pursuing Ordered Microphase Separation in Mixed Polymer Brushes. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
A comparison of flow cytometric and absorption cytometric DNA values as prognostic indicators for pancreatic carcinoma (1993)

Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the absorption cytometric DNA measurements were stronger prognostic determinants for patient survival than were the flow cytometric DNA measurements, indicating that some caution may be warranted in the interpretation of commercially obtained DNA distributions of pancreatic carcinomas.
The Transcription Factor ZEB2 Is Required to Maintain the Tissue-Specific Identities of Macrophages (2018)

Heterogeneity between different macrophage populations has become a defining feature of this lineage. However, the conserved factors defining macrophages remain largely unknown. The transcription factor ZEB2 is best described for its role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition; however, its role within the immune system is only now being elucidated. We show here that Zeb2 expression is a conserved feature of macrophages. Using Clec4f-cre, Itgax-cre, and Fcgr1-cre mice to target five different macrophage populations, we found that loss of ZEB2 resulted in macrophage disappearance from the tissues, coupled with their subsequent replenishment from bone-marrow precursors in open niches. Mechanistically, we found that ZEB2 functioned to maintain the tissue-specific identities of macrophages. In Kupffer cells, ZEB2 achieved this by regulating expression of the transcription factor LXRα, removal of which recapitulated the loss of Kupffer cell identity and disappearance. Thus, ZEB2 expression is required in macrophages to preserve their tissue-specific identities.