gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of viscosity on polymer ink transport in dip-pen nanolithography (2013)

Understanding how ink transfers to a surface in dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is crucial for designing new ink materials and developing the processes to pattern them. Herein, we investigate the transport of block copolymer inks with varying viscosities, from an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to a substrate. The size of the patterned block copolymer features was determined to increase with dwell time and decrease with ink viscosity. A mass transfer model is proposed to describe this behaviour, which is fundamentally different from small molecule transport mechanisms due to entanglement of the polymeric chains. The fundamental understanding developed here provides mechanistic insight into the transport of large polymer molecules, and highlights the importance of ink viscosity in controlling the DPN process. Given the ubiquity of polymeric materials in semiconducting nanofabrication, organic electronics, and bioengineering applications, this study could provide an avenue for DPN to expand its role in these fields.
LAB-ON-A-CHIP IN SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS - A TOOL FOR PARTICLE SEPARATIONS AND BUBBLE MANIPULATION VIA DIAMAGNETIC REPULSION (2011)

We report on the integration of microfluidic devices and superconducting magnets to enable temporal and spatial control for the application of high magnetic fields in the study of materials and physical phenomena. Here, we perform the continuous flow separation of two particle populations in high magnetic fields based on diamagnetic repulsion, as well as the manipulation of air bubbles.
Different Adjuvanticity of Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant Derived From Beef or Vegetable Components in Melanoma Patients Immunized With a Peptide Vaccine (2010)

Adjuvants are requisite components of many vaccines designed to elicit T-cell immunity although the exact components of commonly used adjuvants are not always fully defined. In 2006, owing to concerns of prion contamination, the formulation of Montanide ISA 51 Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) was changed from using oleic acid isolated from beef tallow to that isolated from olives. In sequential clinical trials in the Surgery Branch, NCI patients at high risk for recurrence of melanoma were immunized with the gp100 melanoma/melanocyte antigenic peptide, gp100: 209-217 (210M), emulsified in the beef-derived IFA or the olive-derived IFA. The in vivo generation of gp100 reactive T cells was significantly less in patients receiving the olive compared with the beef IFA as assessed by both ELISPOT (P2=0.0001) and in vitro sensitization assays (P2=0.0001). Local skin reactions to the peptide emulsion were also far less severe using the olive IFA (P2=0.0003). Thus it seems likely that contaminants in the beef-derived IFA played an important role in the increased adjuvanticity of this preparation compared with the olive-derived IFA. These findings raise serious concerns related to the use of the available olive-derived IFA for immunization in clinical trials. A survey of ongoing clinical trials listed in ClinicalTrials.gov revealed 36 trials currently accruing patients that are using the olive-derived Montanide ISA 51 IFA.
Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators (2017)

Neurons in the brain behave as non-linear oscillators, which develop rhythmic activity and interact to process information. Taking inspiration from this behavior to realize high density, low power neuromorphic computing will require huge numbers of nanoscale non-linear oscillators. Indeed, a simple estimation indicates that, in order to fit a hundred million oscillators organized in a two-dimensional array inside a chip the size of a thumb, their lateral dimensions must be smaller than one micrometer. However, despite multiple theoretical proposals, there is no proof of concept today of neuromorphic computing with nano-oscillators. Indeed, nanoscale devices tend to be noisy and to lack the stability required to process data in a reliable way. Here, we show experimentally that a nanoscale spintronic oscillator can achieve spoken digit recognition with accuracies similar to state of the art neural networks. We pinpoint the regime of magnetization dynamics leading to highest performance. These results, combined with the exceptional ability of these spintronic oscillators to interact together, their long lifetime, and low energy consumption, open the path to fast, parallel, on-chip computation based on networks of oscillators.
Time-domain monitoring of EM exposure during medical device testing (2017)

This work presents various probes for measuring radio frequency (RF) electric and magnetic fields for real time measurements of the time-varying RF fields used in MRI. A small single loop (2 cm) and short dipole antenna (2 cm) were developed to monitor the near field magnetic and electric exposure during the medical. Theoretical analysis for each designed probes was performed to convert the real time receive signals to the exposed electric and magnetic field. Probes in this study was tuned and matched at center frequency of 127.6 MHz for 3T MRI scanners to improve the accuracy and sensitivity. Probes were fabricated on a single sided PCB, FR4 of thickness 1.57mm and a copper thickness of 35um.
A phase I study of E7070, a chloroindolyl-sulfonamide, in combination with irinotecan in gastrointestinal and thoracic carcinomas (2005)

2031 Background: E7070 is a novel sulfonamide cell cycle inhibitor, demonstrating preclinical synergy with irinotecan. A phase I study was designed to determine the MTD of E7070 in combination with irinotecan in patients with GI and thoracic malignancies. Secondary objectives include evaluation of safety and preliminary assessment of antitumor activity.Methods: This is an ongoing study in which either 125 mg/m2 or 100 mg/m2 of irinotecan is followed by E7070 given in escalating doses (250 mg/m2 to 525 mg/m2). The combination is administered on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Patients may have been treated with up to two prior regimens, and may have also received capecitabine or cetuximab. Toxicities are graded using NCI CTC version 2.0. Pharmacokinetic analyses have been performed. Results: Thirty-five patients have been treated. The MTD of the regimen is 125 mg/m2 irinotecan plus 325 mg/m2 E7070 or 100 mg/m2 irinotecan plus 400 mg/m2 E7070. Therapy was well tolerated with a dose limiting toxicity of neutropenia. One death occurred, secondary to neutropenic sepsis. Among 14 patients treated with 100 mg/m2 irinotecan plus 400 mg/m2 E7070, 4 have required dose reductions, omissions or delays. Notable treatment toxicities in this group include: grade 4 neutropenia (2), grade 3 diarrhea (1) and grade 3 pneumonitis (1). Of 11 patients with colorectal cancer one PR occurred in an irinotecan-naïve patient, while 6/8 who had received prior irinotecan had stable disease, with a median TTP of 18 weeks (range 12–24). Among 9 irinotecan-naïve SCLC patients, 3 achieved PR, including one with primary refractory disease, durable for 15+, 21 and 36+ weeks, respectively. Four additional SCLC patients had SD, 2 with >20% reduction in tumor burden. Preliminary pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated decreased clearance of E7070 in the presence of irinotecan, while irinotecan pharmacokinetics were not affected by E7070. Conclusion: The combination of irinotecan with E7070 is tolerable and has promising activity in previously treated GI and thoracic malignancies. Additional cohorts are planned using 100 mg/m2 CPT-11 and E7070 escalation in a bi-weekly schedule. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Eisai Medical Research, Eisai Tsubuka AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Pfizer Eisai Medical Research
Cloning and Analysis of Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis Genes of Haemophilus influenzae Type b that Assemble or Expose a 2-Keto-3-Deoxyoctulosonic Acid Epitope in Escherichia coli (1992)

Journal Article Cloning and Analysis of Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis Genes of Haemophilus influenzae Type b that Assemble or Expose a 2-Keto-3-Deoxyoctulosonic Acid Epitope in Escherichia coli Get access Yousef Abu Kwaik, Yousef Abu Kwaik Departments of Medicine and Microbiology. Schoolof Medicine. State University of New Yorkat Buffalo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert E. McLaughlin, Robert E. McLaughlin Departments of Medicine and Microbiology. Schoolof Medicine. State University of New Yorkat Buffalo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael A. Apicella, Michael A. Apicella Departments of Medicine and Microbiology. Schoolof Medicine. State University of New Yorkat Buffalo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stanley M. Spinola Stanley M. Spinola Departments of Medicine and Microbiology. Schoolof Medicine. State University of New Yorkat Buffalo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 165, Issue Supplement_1, June 1992, Pages S195–S196, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/165-Supplement_1-S195 Published: 01 June 1992
Perpendicularly magnetized (001)-textured D22 MnGa films grown on an (Mg0.2Ti0.8)O buffer with thermally oxidized Si substrates (2015)

We report the growth of (001)-textured polycrystalline D022 MnGa films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) on thermally oxidized Si substrates using an (Mg0.2Ti0.8)O (MTO) buffer layer. The ordered D022 MnGa film grown at the optimum substrate temperature of 530 °C on the MTO buffer layer shows PMA with magnetization of 80 kA/m, PMA energy density of 0.28 MJ/m3, and coercivity of 2.3 T. The scanning transmission electron microscope analysis confirms the formation of a highly (001)-textured structure and the elementally sharp interfaces between the MTO layer and the MnGa layer. The achieved D022 MnGa PMA films on an amorphous substrate will provide the possible pathway of integration of a Mn-based PMA film into Si-based substrates.
The HMG‐CoA inhibitor, simvastatin, triggers in vitro anti‐tumour effect and decreases IgM secretion in Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (2008)

Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM) is an incurable lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with secretion of serum monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). We previously showed that patients receiving cholesterol-lowering statins, had the lowest IgM value in a large cohort of patients with WM. Simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, induced inhibition of proliferation, cytotoxic effect and apoptosis in IgM secreting cell lines as well as in primary CD19(+) WM cells. Interestingly, those effects were reversed by addition of mevalonate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, demonstrating that simvastatin inhibited cell growth, survival and IgM secretion on BCWM.1 WM cells by inhibition of geranylgeranylated proteins. Furthermore, simvastatin overcame tumour cell growth induced by co-culture of WM cells with bone-marrow stromal cells. Simvastatin also decreased IgM secretion by BCWM.1 cells at an early time-point that had not affected cell survival. Simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity was preceded by a decrease in Akt (protein kinase B, PKB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways at 18 h. In addition, simvastatin induced an increase in stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) MAPK followed by caspase-8, -9, -3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavages at 18 h, leading to apoptosis. Furthermore, simvastatin enhanced the cytotoxicity induced by bortezomib, fludarabine and dexamethasone. Our studies therefore support our earlier observation of statin-mediated anti-WM activity and provide the framework for future clinical trials testing simvastatin in WM.
Changes in Uterine Estrogen Receptor and Morphology in Aging Female Rats1 (1979)

Changes in uterine weight, morphology and estrogen receptor levels were studied in aging female rats. The uterine weight (534 ± 31 mg; mean ± SEM) in rats during early constant estrus at 12 months of age was comparable to that of young proestrous rats. A marked increase in uterine weight to 933 ± 135 mg occurred in late estrus at 24 months of age primarily as the result of an increase in the luminal fluid content. Histological examination of these uteri indicated the presence of tall proliferative luminal epithelium and thickened stromal and myometrial components, suggesting stimulation of the uterus by estrogen during constant estrus. A decrease in uterine weight to 344 ± 20 mg was observed in aging rats during persistent diestrus at 30 months of age. These uteri were characterized by low cuboidal luminal epithelia and secretory uterine stroma. Spontaneous formation of decidual tissue was also detected in some rats. These observations suggested that the uterine tissue in persistent diestrous rats was probably under progestin influence.
Antenna for Ultrawideband Channel Sounding (2016)

A novel compact antenna for ultrawideband channel sounding is presented. The antenna is composed of a symmetrical biconical antenna modified by adding a cylinder and a ring to each cone. A feeding coaxial cable is employed during the simulations in order to evaluate and reduce its impact on the antenna performance. The optimized antenna demonstrates S11 below -10 dB and a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern robust against the cable effect over the frequency band 1.5-41 GHz despite its compactness (the maximum electrical dimension is of 0.29λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the lowest frequency of operation). A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> are in a good agreement. Measured radiation patterns confirm the pattern stability in terms of the direction of maximum radiation and 3-dB beamwidth.
A Versatile Method for Analysis of Serine/Threonine Posttranslational Modifications by β-Elimination in the Presence of Pyrazolone Analogues (2011)

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of serine and threonine occur by diverse mechanisms, including phosphorylation, sulfation, and various types of sugar chain modifications, making characterization of the resulting structures very labor-intensive. Moreover, to fully understand the biological functions of PTMs, both the sites of modification and the modified structures must be analyzed. The present work describes a novel, versatile strategy in which the released O-glycan and the formerly glycosylated/phosphorylated peptide are labeled and thus amenable to further study. In this approach, glycopeptides/phosphopeptides are subjected to β-elimination in the presence of pyrazolone derivatives (BEP), which in the same reaction labels the formerly glycosylated/phosphorylated peptide. The reaction is essentially a β-elimination/Michael addition in which a carbon-carbon bond-forming Michael donor rather than a heteroatomic Michael donor is used. The O-glycans released upon BEP are recovered as bis-pyrazolone derivatives, without any detectable side reaction (peeling). Using this technique, the O-glycan profiles of model mucin-type glycoproteins were successfully analyzed. The BEP strategy discriminates between phosphorylated and GlcNAcylated peptides, since cleaved GlcNAc is detectable. In addition, both the released O-glycan and the formerly glycosylated peptide can be selectively labeled by different reagents via a β-elimination reaction performed in the presence of pyrazolone and the thiol Michael donor.
The development and validation of job-related muscular fitness tests (1978)

his study describes some ot the steps in the development and validation of a battery of simple and inexpensive strength and endurance tests designed to predict work capacity of fireline per sonnel.Following an analysis of the tasks involved in forest fire suppression, a series of tests was selected to provide infor mation regarding fitness of the muscle groups involved.The pro posed battery and muscle groups include: arm and shoulder flexion strength -chin-up extensor muscle endurance -push-up abdominal muscle endurance -sit-up back strength -back lift leg strength -pack test Thirty female and 29 male subjects (18 to 24 years) were tested on the battery, which included tests of arm, back and leg strength, and a st^p test designed to predict aerobic fitness.The relation ships among all tests were calculated along with the mean differ ences and the percentage of males and females passing the items in the proposed test battery.The results indicated that most men were able to pass all items of the battery while a low percentage of the women passed the chin-up (13%), push-up (13%), pack test (47%), or step test (67%).All men and women passed the sit-up and back lift items.Correlations among test items, the strength tests and the fitness test were higher among the women.The findings suggest that many women lack the strength, muscular endurance and aerobic fitness believed to be required for arduous fireline duties.The proposed test battery provides information regarding the work capacity of young women but does not provide additional information beyond that indicated by the aerobic fitness test, regarding the work capacity of young men.
IGF-1 receptor as an alternative receptor for metabolic signaling in insulin receptor-deficient muscle cells. (2001)

International audience
Imaging and characterization of bioengineered blood vessels within a bioreactor using free‐space and catheter‐based OCT (2013)

This study suggests that combination of free-space and catheter-based OCT for blood vessel imaging provides accurate structural information of the developing blood vessel. We determined that free-space OCT images could be co-registered with catheter-based OCT images to monitor structural features such as wall thickness or delamination of the developing tissue-engineered blood vessel within a bioreactor. Structural parameters and optical properties obtained from OCT imaging correlate with histological sections of the blood vessel and could potentially be used as markers to non-invasively and non-destructively assess regeneration of engineered tissues in real time.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in destructive and remodeling arthritis (2007)

Joint destruction and tissue responses determine the outcome of chronic arthritis. Joint inflammation and damage are often the dominant clinical presentation. However, in some arthritic diseases, in particular the spondyloarthritides, joint remodeling is a prominent feature, with new cartilage and bone formation leading to ankylosis and contributing to loss of function. A role for bone morphogenetic proteins in joint remodeling has been demonstrated in the formation of both enthesophytes and osteophytes. Data from genetic models support a role for bone morphogenetic protein signaling in cartilage homeostasis. Finally, this signaling pathway is likely to play a steering role in the synovium.
A Mediator Architecture for Abstract Data Access (1990)

Abstract : This report contains some concept papers describing the general architecture that we envisage to be appropriate for further information systems, as well as a number of papers with specific research results. The architecture presented here is conceived to deal with a wide variety of users, in many locals, served by many distinct experts, and using a wide variety of databases. It is not feasible for any single institution to address the entire problem. At Stanford, within the KBMS project, we have addressed a number of critical subtasks, but much more work needs to be done. While some results are ready for prototype implementation, the main motivation for issuing this report is to provide an overview with enough detail in some areas to allow the reader to gain insights into a direction that future information systems research needs to pursue. Keywords: Semantics, Syntax, Knowledge bases.
Mesomorphism and Polar Distortion in 1,4,5,8-Tetrasubstituted Anthraquinones and Anthracenes (2001)

The derivatives of anthraquinone, AQn, and anthracene, An, substituted with four alkoxy chains H2n+1CnO (4 ≤ neven ≤ 14) in the 1, 4, 5, and 8 positions were synthesized. All of the molecules, except A4, yield the smectic A mesophase below the isotropic phase, and with decreasing temperature, ordered smectic phases are observed. For the A4 molecule, the high-temperature phase is monoclinic with a molecular arrangement of the smectic H type. Single-crystal diffraction of AQ4 at −50 °C shows a crystalline smectic H‘ arrangement and reveals that the molecule is nonplanar. Consequently, the symmetry of the rigid core decreases from D2h to C2v, with a dipole moment along the binary axis. The structures of A4 and AQ4 observed in the ordered smectic phases (SH, SH‘) afford a picture of well-defined sheets with segregated sublayers. Despite its bowed shape, AQ4 forms a herringbone arrangement in the aryl sublayer, but with four molecules in the unit cell that are associated in pairs with antiparallel dipole moments. The molecular distortion in 1,4,5,8-tetrasubstituted anthraquinones is proposed as a novel method for introducing a strong dipole moment (about 5 D) perpendicular to the director of a mesogen.
Integrated microfluidic linking chip for scanning probe nanolithography (2004)

This letter reports an architecture for a microfluidic chip that dresses (inks) multiple nanolithography tips in a high-density array in a parallel and multiplexed fashion. The microfluidic chip consists of multiple precision patterned thin-film poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) patches serving as porous inking pads. Inking chemicals are supplied from loading reservoirs to the inking pads through microfluidic channels. The gas-permeable thin PDMS membranes allow ink molecules to diffuse through while preventing bulk liquid from overflowing or evaporating. The inking chip provides high-density inking, easy loading of inks, and reduced evaporation losses. We present the fabrication process and inking of scanning probe contact printing probes and commercial nitride probes.