gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic switching biosensor - a novel label-free DNA detection using an electrode charging technique (2011)

This paper reports a novel electrical detection of label-free DNA by use of a MEMS electrostatic micro-switch. The electrostatic micro-switch detects the immobilization of probe oligonucleotides and their hybridization with target oligonucleotides using pull-in voltage shift in the micro-switch originated from negative charges of the oligonucleotides. A numerical simulation is analyzed to support this concept. The proposed biomolecule detection method using an electrostatic micro-switch represents a protocol for a new candidate of microactuator-type sensor.
Characterizing and Predicting Enterprise Email Reply Behavior (2017)

Email is still among the most popular online activities. People spend a significant amount of time sending, reading and responding to email in order to communicate with others, manage tasks and archive personal information. Most previous research on email is based on either relatively small data samples from user surveys and interviews, or on consumer email accounts such as those from Yahoo! Mail or Gmail. Much less has been published on how people interact with enterprise email even though it contains less automatically generated commercial email and involves more organizational behavior than is evident in personal accounts. In this paper, we extend previous work on predicting email reply behavior by looking at enterprise settings and considering more than dyadic communications. We characterize the influence of various factors such as email content and metadata, historical interaction features and temporal features on email reply behavior. We also develop models to predict whether a recipient will reply to an email and how long it will take to do so. Experiments with the publicly-available Avocado email collection show that our methods outperform all baselines with large gains. We also analyze the importance of different features on reply behavior predictions. Our findings provide new insights about how people interact with enterprise email and have implications for the design of the next generation of email clients.
Programmed DNA Damage Response in Human Elongating Spermatids. (2008)

Spermiogenesis of mammals is characterized by the acquisition of a flagella, the synthesis of an acrosome and a striking reorganization of the nucleus. During this process, spermatidal histones will be sequentially replaced by transition proteins and finally by protamines leading to a compact chromatin of the male gamete. Recent findings suggest that both programmed DNA fragmentation and DNA damage response occur during the chromatin remodeling steps of spermatids in mice and rats. We seek to extend these findings to human spermiogenesis given the similarity in nucleoproteins exchange and the demonstration that DNA fragmentation occurs in normal human spermatids as well. Using confocal microscopy, we performed immunofluorescence on formalin-fixed testis of men with normal spermatogenesis prior to the orchiectomy. Before the incubation with specific antibodies, heat-induced epitope retrieval was achieved by boiling the sections in EDTA or citrate buffer. The TUNEL assay (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling) was also done after heat-induced epitope retrieval. TUNEL positivity was confirmed in human spermatids. As observed in the nucleus of elongating spermatids of mice and rats, human elongating spermatids presented nuclear gamma-H2AFX staining, a well known DNA double-strand break marker, coincident with histone H4 hyperacetylation. Human spermatids present a DNA damage response during the chromatin remodeling steps. This study suggests that human spermiogenesis has so far been probably overlooked as an important source of genomic instability. Spermiogenesis may, in fact, be the most crucial period of spermatogenesis because of the haploid character of spermatids that must resolve programmed double-stranded breaks. These results prompt for further investigation on the nature of the DNA damage response involved. Given the limited repair capacity of the oocyte many idiopathic cases of infertility or embryo loss may be understood by a better knowledge of the chromatin steps of spermiogenesis.
Isolated Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease (2011)

Isolated low HDL-C is a novel lipid phenotype that appears to be more prevalent among Asian populations, in whom it is associated with increased coronary risk. Further investigation into this type of dyslipidemia is warranted.
Identity-Based Authentication for On-Demand Charging of Electric Vehicles (2022)

Dynamic wireless power transfer provides means for charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) while driving, avoiding stopping for charging and hence fostering their widespread adoption. Researchers devoted much effort over the last decade to provide a reliable infrastructure for potential users to improve comfort and time management. Due to the severe security and performance system requirements, the different scheme proposed in last years lack of a unified protocol involving the modern architecture model with merged authentication and billing processes. Furthermore, they require the continuous interaction of the trusted entity during the process, increasing the delay for the communication and reducing security due to the large number of message exchanges. In this paper, we propose a secure, computationally lightweight, unified protocol for fast authentication and billing that provides on-demand dynamic charging to comprehensively deal with all the computational and security constraints. The protocol employs an ID-based public encryption scheme to manage mutual authentication and pseudonyms to preserve the user's identity across multiple charging processes. Compared to state-of-the-art authentication protocols, our proposal overcomes the problem of overwhelming interactions and provides public scheme security against the use of simple operations in wide open communications without impacting on performance.
Cutting Performances of Nano-Polycrystalline Diamond (2012)

Single-phase (binder-less) nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) has been synthesized by direct conversion sintering from graphite under high pressure and high temperature. NPD is characterized by extremely high hardness compared with single crystal diamond (SCD), even at high temperature. In addition, NPD has high wear resistance, no anisotropic mechanical properties, no cleavages, and high thermal stability. These characteristics suggest that NPD has high potential for use in precision cutting tools for various hard works. In order to evaluate the cutting performance of NPD, cutting tests for various cemented carbides were conducted under various conditions and the results compared with those of single crystal diamond (SCD) and conventional polycrystalline diamond containing metal binder (PCD). The results revealed that NPD has outstanding potential for precision cutting and processing of diverse hard and brittle materials.
The chemistry of polyacetylene doping (1982)

Abstract Natural abundance 13C NMR experiments using cross polarization and magic angle spinning provide a unique method for monitoring the doping of polyacetylene. In contrast with previous authors we find that the doping of cis-polyacetylene with AsF5 leads, even at low doping levels, to a new signal characteristic of the doped regions of the polymer. Similar measurements on trans-polyacetylene indicate that the doping of the trans isomer proceeds considerably more uniformly than that of the cis isomer. Comparisons with appropriate model compounds suggest that the observed shift of the 13C NMR signal on doping is primarily a chemical shift rather than a Knight shift. Finally we discuss recent results on the nature of proton acid doping of polyacetylene, a process which shows remarkable similarities to oxidative doping.
Acoustic imaging with time reversal methods: From medicine to NDT (2015)

This talk will present an overview of the research conducted on ultrasonic time-reversal methods applied to biomedical imaging and to non-destructive testing. We will first describe iterative time-reversal techniques that allow both focusing ultrasonic waves on reflectors in tissues (kidney stones, micro-calcifications, contrast agents) or on flaws in solid materials. We will also show that time-reversal focusing does not need the presence of bright reflectors but it can be achieved only from the speckle noise generated by random distributions of non-resolved scatterers. We will describe the applications of this concept to correct distortions and aberrations in ultrasonic imaging and in NDT. In the second part of the talk we will describe the concept of time-reversal processors to get ultrafast ultrasonic images with typical frame rates of order of 10.000 F/s. It is the field of ultrafast ultrasonic imaging that has plenty medical applications and can be of great interest in NDT. We will describe some applications in the biomedical domain: Quantitative Elasticity imaging of tissues by following shear wave propagation to improve cancer detection and Ultrafast Doppler imaging that allows ultrasonic functional imaging.
Electronic Control of Coupled Defect and Surface States in 2D Plasmonic Crystals (2013)

Terahertz plasmonic crystals of several periods are formed from a GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron gas. The coupling between defect and crystal surface states known as Tamm states induces a transparency in the plasmonic crystal band gap.
Interplay between electron–phonon and electron–electron interactions (2004)

Abstract We discuss the interplay between electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions for alkali‐doped fullerides and high temperature superconductors. Due to the similarity of the electron and phonon energy scales, retardation effects are small for fullerides. This raises questions about the origin of superconductivity, since retardation effects are believed to be crucial for reducing effects of the Coulomb repulsion in conventional superconductors. We demonstrate that by treating the electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions on an equal footing, superconductivity can be understood in terms of a local pairing. The Jahn–Teller character of the important phonons in fullerides plays a crucial role for this result. To describe effects of phonons in cuprates, we derive a t – J model with phonons from the three‐band model. Using exact diagonalization for small clusters, we find that the anomalous softening of the half‐breathing phonon as well as its doping dependence can be explained. By comparing the solution of the t – J model with the Hartree–Fock approximation for the three‐band model, we address results obtained in the local‐density approximation for cuprates. We find that genuine many‐body results, due to the interplay between the electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions, play an important role for the the results in the t – J model. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Easy Illustration of Salt Damage in Stone (2018)

Salt-induced stone weathering is often erroneously listed among the physical causes of damage when it is in fact physicochemical. We introduce here a succinct version of the theory behind crystallization pressure along with a simple yet dramatic demonstration of the damage induced in sandstone by sodium sulfate. The contents here presented might be implemented in chemistry for cultural heritage, conservation science, geosciences, and materials science undergraduate courses.
Active learning and hypothesis testing (2013)

This dissertation considers a generalization of the classical hypothesis testing problem. Suppose there are M hypotheses of interest among which only one is true. A Bayesian decision maker is responsible to collect observation samples so as to enhance his information about the true hypothesis in a speedy manner while accounting for the penalty of wrong declaration. In contrast to the classical hypothesis testing problem, at any given time, the decision maker can choose one of the available sensing actions and hence, exert some control over the collected samples' "information content." This generalization, referred to as the active hypothesis testing, naturally arises in a broad spectrum of applications such as medical diagnosis, cognition, communication, sensor management, image inspection, generalized search, and group testing. The first part of the dissertation provides a theoretical analysis of the problem of active hypothesis testing. Using results in sequential analysis and dynamic programming, lower bounds for the optimal performance are established. The lower bounds are complementary for various values of the parameters of the problem, and characterize the fundamental limits on the maximum achievable information acquisition rate and the optimal reliability. Moreover, upper bounds are obtained via an analysis of the proposed heuristic policies for dynamic selection of actions. From the obtained bounds, sufficient conditions are provided under which the maximum information acquisition rate and reliability are achieved, establishing the asymptotic optimality of the proposed heuristics. The second part of the dissertation investigates the applications of the first part for three important special cases of the active hypothesis testing. Chapter 5 considers the problem of conveying a message over discrete memoryless channels with noiseless feedback. Chapter 6 studies the problem of two-dimensional search to locate a target in an image against a background of distractors. Finally, in Chapter 7, the problem of active learning for multiclass classification is investigated where the outcomes of label queries are corrupted by noise. In each of these chapters, the results in the first part of the dissertation are specialized, new results are obtained, and many of the known results are recovered with concise proofs
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in cynomolgus monkeys. Quantitation of T cell responses in peripheral blood. (1992)

Chronic relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in cynomolgus monkeys by a single immunization with a homogenate of human brain white matter (BH) in adjuvant. Proliferative T lymphocyte responses to BH, to myelin basic protein (MBP), but not to proteolipid protein, were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of all animals and persisted until their death or, in surviving animals, for greater than 10 mo postimmunization. Responses of higher magnitude tended to be associated with fatal, compared with nonfatal, episodes of clinical EAE. The frequency of MBP-reactive T cells in PBMC of animals with acute EAE was quantitated with a soft agar colony system; the ratio of T cells that proliferated specifically to MBP was estimated at between 5 and 20 per 10(6) PBMC. A similar frequency of peptide-specific T cells was estimated from PBMC of monkeys immunized with a synthetic 14-mer peptide corresponding to a region near the carboxy terminus of MBP. Thus, autoantigen-reactive T cells can be detected in the circulation throughout the course of chronic EAE, are predictive of disease severity, and occur at a frequency similar to that estimated to be present in humans with multiple sclerosis.
Phenotypes and invariant alpha beta TCR expression of peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells (1997)

A novel subset of peripheral T cells, peripheral NK T cells, is found to be a major population comprising 5% of splenic T and 40% of bone marrow T cells. The majority of peripheral NK T cells are characterized by the expression of an invariant TCR-alpha encoded by V alpha 14/J alpha 281 with a one nucleotide N region. Moreover, a specific reduction of V alpha 14+ NK T cells has been demonstrated to be tightly associated with various autoimmune diseases, indicating their decisive role in autoimmune disease development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypes of peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells and their TCR-beta repertoire. Peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells, comprise two populations, i.e., small and large sized cells, at an equal frequency, belonged to the CD4- CD8- fraction, and are heat stable antigen(bright), macrophage-1bright, B220bright, CD45RBdim, and Mel-14dim, but CD5-, distinct from thymic NK T cells. TCR-beta analysis clearly showed that peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells utilized two to three dominant invariant TCR-beta, such as V beta 8.2 D beta J beta 2.5/V beta 7 D beta J beta 2.1 in the spleen and liver, V beta 8.2 D beta J beta 2.5/V beta 8.3 D beta J beta 2.2/V beta 7 D beta J beta 2.6 in the bone marrow, and V beta 7 D beta J beta 2.1/V beta 3 D beta J beta 1.2 in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Judging from the unusual surface phenotypes, such as heat stable antigen, macrophage-1, B220, CD45RBdim, and Mel-14dim, which are known to be T cell activation markers, peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells may always be activated under physiologic conditions, resulting in the oligoclonal expansion of V alpha 14+ NK T cells with different invariant TCR-beta in different peripheral organs. The unique features of V alpha 14+ NK T cells are discussed.
Optimization of the Bragg Grating Inscription Process Using Fluorescence Microscopy (2016)

Fluorescence imaging is used to visualize and adjust the femtosecond laser field inside a silica-based fiber during the Bragg grating inscription process based on side illumination through a phase mask.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Reaction for the Synthesis of Esters and for the Inversion of Secondary Alcohols. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Architecture and Feasibility Demonstration of Core Selective Switch (CSS) for Spatial Channel Network (SCN) (2019)

A core-selective-switch (CSS) architecture used for future spatial channel networks is presented. CSS feasibility is conformed through switching experiments and bit error rate measurements using a free-space-based CSS demonstrator supporting four-core multicore fibers.
In vivo administration of purified human interleukin 2. I. Half-life and immunologic effects of the Jurkat cell line-derived interleukin 2. (1985)

A total of 12 patients with cancer or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have been treated with Jurkat-derived purified human interleukin 2 (IL 2). The toxicity was dose-related and consisted primarily of fever, chills, malaise, and mild reversible hepatic dysfunction. No evidence of clinical efficacy was seen when IL 2 was administered at doses of up to 2000 micrograms by bolus or continuous infusion once a week for 4 wk. No significant chronic immunologic effects (changes in mitogen responsiveness of induction of cytotoxic cells) were demonstrated. IL 2 was measured in the serum of patients, and a half-life of approximately 5 to 7 min was demonstrated with a second component of clearance of 30 to 120 min. Heating the serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min allowed for detection of smaller quantities of IL 2 by removing a serum inhibitor whose effect was seen at dilutions of up to 1/80 in our biologic assay. Sustained levels of IL 2 could be maintained by continuous infusion. Acute effects of IL 2 administration included a rapid decrease in peripheral mononuclear cells with a shift to cells of macrophage lineage and a rapid decrease in total T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets. IL 2 responsiveness of peripheral mononuclear cells decreased within 15 min of IL 2 administration, with a concurrent decrease in the ability to generate lymphokine-activated killer cells. These changes did not recover until 48 hr after IL 2 administration. A rise in serum ACTH and cortisol levels was seen after the administration of 1 to 2 mg of IL 2. Future studies will evaluate the role of larger quantities of recombinant IL 2 given alone or in conjunction with in vitro-generated lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Advantages of Culture Models Utilizing Substrata Made of TOSHI (Tissue/Organ Sections for Histopathology) or Collagen Vitrigel Membrane and Their Application Concept for Drug Development Researches (2008)

To create new in vitro culture models for extrapolating the cell response in vivo, we attempted to devise culture substrata of anchorage-dependent cells. The first substratum, tissue/organ sections for histopathology(TOSHI)-substratum was found to conserve both tissue composition and microarchitecture in an in vivo environment. Collagen vitrigel membrane, the second substratum investigated, possesses excellent strength and protein permeability. Both substrata were developed and utilized for the culture of various anchorage-dependent cells. TOSHI-substratum prepared from regenerative mouse livers after carbon tetrachloride intoxication efficiently induced the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Also, the time-course cell behavior of two different cell lines on various TOSHI-substrata prepared from rat mature organs was successfully converted into a three-dimensional graph chart, i.e. a mathematical model. These data suggest that the analysis of interactions between different cell types and various TOSHI-substrata will play an important role for a novel approach to study both cellomics and histomics. Meanwhile, the collagen vitrigel membrane is easy to handle by forceps, resulting in double surface-culture of different cell types by the manipulation of two-dimensional cultures. In the crosstalk model between PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells and L929 fibroblasts, nerve growth factor secreted from L929 cells permeated the collagen vitrigel membrane and induced neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells via a paracrine effect. Futhermore, the function of rat primary hepatocytes was well maintained on the collagen vitrigel membrane. These data suggest that the collagen vitrigel membrane-substratum has many advantages for the reconstruction of culture models.
Structural Flexibility of an Inhibitor Overcomes Drug Resistance Mutations in Staphylococcus aureus FtsZ (2017)

In the effort to combat antibiotic resistance, inhibitors of the essential bacterial protein FtsZ have emerged as a promising new class of compounds with clinical potential. One such FtsZ inhibitor (TXA707) is associated with potent activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that are resistant to current standard-of-care antibiotics. However, mutations in S. aureus FtsZ (SaFtsZ) that confer resistance to TXA707 have been observed, with mutations in the Gly196 and Gly193 residues being among the most prevalent. Here, we describe structural studies of an FtsZ inhibitor, TXA6101, which retains activity against MRSA isolates that express either G196S or G193D mutant FtsZ. We present the crystal structures of TXA6101 in complex with both wild-type SaFtsZ and G196S mutant SaFtsZ, as well the crystal structure of TXA707 in complex with wild-type SaFtsZ. Comparison of the three structures reveals a molecular basis for the differential targeting abilities of TXA6101 and TXA707. The greater structural flexibility of TXA6101 relative to TXA707 enables TXA6101 to avoid steric clashes with Ser196 and Asp193. Our structures also demonstrate that the binding of TXA6101 induces previously unobserved conformational rearrangements of SaFtsZ residues in the binding pocket. In aggregate, the structures reported in this work reveal key factors for overcoming drug resistance mutations in SaFtsZ and offer a structural basis for the design of FtsZ inhibitors with enhanced antibacterial potency and reduced susceptibility to mutational resistance.