gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Chitosan–Silver Nanoparticles Enzymatically Embedded on Cork Filter Material for Water Disinfection (2017)

Microbial contamination remains a major challenge in drinking water supplies in developing regions, despite the continuous advances being made in water purification processes. The spread and transmission of pathogens due to consuming unsafe water culminate in waterborne diseases and increased number of deaths worldwide. Recently, the application of nanotechnology for water purification, and in particular the use of antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs) to control microbial contaminations, has received considerable interest. In this study, antibacterial chitosan–silver nanoparticles (CS/AgNPs) were enzymatically grafted on cork matrixes to design a water purification point-of-use device. The antibacterial efficiency of the constructed filtering system was further evaluated against water severely contaminated with Escherichia coli (∼107 CFU/mL). The system was tested in two operating filtration modes with varied water residence times. The antibacterial nanocomposite decreased the water bacterial contamination by 4 and 5 log CFU/mL when performing a series of continuous short disinfection cycles of 15 min residence time (experiment I). Nevertheless, complete bacteria removal was achieved only after increasing the water residence time in the filters up to 8 h (experiment II). Durability of the system was demonstrated via performing five disinfection cycles after which the hybrid CS/AgNPs remained on the cork surface. Importantly, the antibacterial nanocomposite prevented bacteria attachment and proliferation during all cycles of the disinfection process.
Early Cerebellar Network Shifting in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 (2015)

Spinocerebellar ataxia 6 (SCA6), an autosomal dominant degenerative disease, is characterized by diplopia, gait ataxia, and incoordination due to severe progressive degeneration of Purkinje cells in the vestibulo- and spinocerebellum. Ocular motor deficits are common, including difficulty fixating on moving objects, nystagmus and disruption of smooth pursuit movements. In presymptomatic SCA6, there are alterations in saccades and smooth-pursuit movements. We sought to assess functional and structural changes in cerebellar connectivity associated with a visual task, hypothesizing that gradual changes would parallel disease progression. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data during a passive smooth-pursuit task in 14 SCA6 patients, representing a range of disease duration and severity, and performed a cross-sectional comparison of cerebellar networks compared with healthy controls. We identified a shift in activation from vermis in presymptomatic individuals to lateral cerebellum in moderate-to-severe cases. Concomitantly, effective connectivity between regions of cerebral cortex and cerebellum was at its highest in moderate cases, and disappeared in severe cases. Finally, we noted structural differences in the cerebral and cerebellar peduncles. These unique results, spanning both functional and structural domains, highlight widespread changes in SCA6 and compensatory mechanisms associated with cerebellar physiology that could be utilized in developing new therapies.
DS6: Deformation-aware learning for small vessel segmentation with small, imperfectly labeled dataset. (2020)

Originating from the initial segment of the middle cerebral artery of the human brain, Lenticulostriate Arteries (LSA) are a collection of perforating vessels that supply blood to the basal ganglia region. With the advancement of 7 Tesla scanner, we are able to detect these LSA which are linked to Small Vessel Diseases(SVD) and potentially a cause for neurodegenerative diseases. Segmentation of LSA with traditional approaches like Frangi or semi-automated/manual techniques can depict medium to large vessels but fail to depict the small vessels. Also, semi-automated/manual approaches are time-consuming. In this paper, we put forth a study that incorporates deep learning techniques to automatically segment these LSA using 3D 7 Tesla Time-of-fight Magnetic Resonance Angiogram images. The algorithm is trained and evaluated on a small dataset of 11 volumes. Deep learning models based on Multi-Scale Supervision U-Net accompanied by elastic deformations to give equivariance to the model, were utilized for the vessel segmentation using semi-automated labeled images. We make a qualitative analysis of the output with the original image and also on imperfect semi-manual labels to confirm the presence and continuity of small vessels.
Demonstration of fibronectin in human cerebrospinal fluid. (1978)

Fibronectin is a glycoprotein found in plasma (cold-insoluble globulin), connective tissues, and cultures of fibroblasts and astroglial cells. This paper describes the identification of fibronectin in human CSF. Fibronectin in CSF was immunologically indistinguishable from the plasma form, as shown by double-diffusion analysis and by radioimmunoassay specific for fibronectin. Fibronectin was isolated from human CSF by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-coupled gelatin and was further analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It showed a polypeptide band similar to that of plasma fibronectin. The fibronectin concentration in CSF of 17 neurological outpatients without demonstrable organic lesion in the CNS was 3.0 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml (mean +/- S.D.) which is about 0.6% of total CSF protein. In CSF of 11 MS patients, the concentration was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower (1.6 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml). Of patients with brain tumors, seven had very low levels, three were normal, and two had very high levels. The cause for the low levels in MS and tumor patients is not known.
Deterministic rule based traffic descriptors for broadband ISDN: Worst case behaviour and its impact on connection acceptance controls (1995)

Abstract Deterministic rule based traffic descriptors in general, and leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors in particular, offer many advantages over statistical descriptors for specifying and monitoring traffic in the ATM based broadband ISDN (BISDN). However, these traffic descriptors do not specify the traffic pattern uniquely. Thus, acceptance of a connection request with specific traffic descriptor parameter values implies that the network has agreed to guaranteeing the quality of service (QOS) for the worst case traffic compliant with the traffic descriptor (and hence allowed by the monitor). This poses challenges which have not been addressed adequately. Two of the important ones are: (i) definition of the worst case behaviour and characterization of the worst case traffic compliant with the traffic descriptor; (ii) connection acceptance controls (CAC) for the worst case traffic sources compliant with the traffic descriptors. In this paper we address these questions for leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors. The focus is on the first problem. The implications on the second problem are discussed briefly. The performance measure and QOS requirements are in terms of the cell loss ratios. We first define the worst case behaviour for homogeneous and heterogeneous environments in terms of collective cell loss ratio (CLR)) from the multiplexer. We consider both the unbuffered and buffered cases. However, most of the results here are for the unbuffered case. FOTthe case of an unbuffered multiplexer and homogeneous source environment, we show that a simple on‐off source represents the worst case behaviour of an LBB source. In a heterogeneous source traffic environment, the on‐off behaviour is the worst only in a limited sense and the use of a collective measure results in anomalous relationships between the source behaviour and the CLR. A more appropriate measure should be based on individual cell loss ratios or on the maximum of the individual CLRs. We analyse LBB sources with respect to these measures and unbuffered resources, and obtain further characterization of the worst case behaviour. However, we also uncover some counter‐intuitive relationships. In particular, a seemingly ‘smooth’ source may be worse for the other sources than a seemingly ‘bursty’ source. For a buffered multiplexer, we show, via an example, that a three‐state source may be worse than an on‐off source even in a homogeneous source traffic environment. A complete characterization of the worst case behaviour for a buffered multiplexer remains an open challenge. Moreover, the LBB sources exhibit deterministic behaviour and their equivalent bandwidth need not be sub‐additive in sources. That is, adding the equivalent bandwidths of individual sources to obtain an ‘estimate’ of the equivalent bandwidth for a collection of such sources could be too optimistic in some situations. A fresh look at the connection acceptance control for such sources is therefore warranted.
Development of Simulator for Surgical Robot with Linear Motion Unit and Trocar Restriction (2021)

Under laparoscopic surgery, surgeons insert forceps from small incisions and operate. Therefore, the motions of forceps are restricted. To design surgical robots, we developed the simulator for surgical robots with linear motion unit via trocar. In this simulator, the linear motion unit shortens depending on the arm angle and manipulability index. To evaluate the automatic adjusting linear motion unit, we developed another simulator, without the linear motion, to compare. From the comparison, we figured out that higher manipulability was obtained by the automatic adjusting. Furthermore, we evaluated the position of trocars. We compared the trocar positions with manipulability index and figured out that 0 or 10 degree position would be better to do the work under this simulation conditions.
Automotive Powertrain Control Problems Involving Time Delay: An Adaptive Control Approach (2008)

This paper describes applications of the Adaptive Posicast Controller (APC) to Idle Speed Control (ISC) and Fuel-to-Air Ratio (FAR) control problems in automotive engines. The APC is an adaptive controller with explicit delay compensation built upon the ideas of the classical Smith Predictor, finite spectrum assignment and adaptive control. Experimental results are reported, which demonstrate improved performance compared to existing baseline controllers and effective handling of time delays and uncertainties in these applications. Aspects important to implementation and to reduction in calibration time and effort, including the selection of initial parameter values and their adaptation rates, preventing parameter drift and accounting for time-varying delay, are addressed.
Automatic Frame Selection using CNN in Ultrasound Elastography (2020)

Ultrasound elastography is used to estimate the mechanical properties of the tissue by monitoring its response to an internal or external force. Different levels of deformation are obtained from different tissue types depending on their mechanical properties, where stiffer tissues deform less. Given two radio frequency (RF) frames collected before and after some deformation, we estimate displacement and strain images by comparing the RF frames. The quality of the strain image is dependent on the type of motion that occurs during deformation. In-plane axial motion results in high-quality strain images, whereas out-of-plane motion results in low-quality strain images. In this paper, we introduce a new method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to determine the suitability of a pair of RF frames for elastography in only 5.4 ms. Our method could also be used to automatically choose the best pair of RF frames, yielding a high-quality strain image. The CNN was trained on 3,818 pairs of RF frames, while testing was done on 986 new unseen pairs, achieving an accuracy of more than 91%. The RF frames were collected from both phantom and in vivo data.
SELF-CARE: Selective Fusion with Context-Aware Low-Power Edge Computing for Stress Detection (2022)

Detecting human stress levels and emotional states with physiological body-worn sensors is a complex task, but one with many health-related benefits. Robustness to sensor measurement noise and energy efficiency of low-power devices remain key challenges in stress detection. We propose SELF-CARE, a fully wrist-based method for stress detection that employs context-aware selective sensor fusion that dynamically adapts based on data from the sensors. Our method uses motion to determine the context of the system and learns to adjust the fused sensors accordingly, improving performance while maintaining energy efficiency. SELF-CARE obtains state-of-the-art performance across the publicly available WESAD dataset, achieving 86.34% and 94.12% accuracy for the 3-class and 2-class classification problems, respectively. Evaluation on real hardware shows that our approach achieves up to 2.2× (3-class) and 2.7× (2-class) energy efficiency compared to traditional sensor fusion.
Genetic interaction analysis among oncogenesis-related genes revealed novel genes and networks in lung cancer development (2019)

The development of cancer is driven by the accumulation of many oncogenesis-related genetic alterations and tumorigenesis is triggered by complex networks of involved genes rather than independent actions. To explore the epistasis existing among oncogenesis-related genes in lung cancer development, we conducted pairwise genetic interaction analyses among 35,031 SNPs from 2027 oncogenesis-related genes. The genotypes from three independent genome-wide association studies including a total of 24,037 lung cancer patients and 20,401 healthy controls with Caucasian ancestry were analyzed in the study. Using a two-stage study design including discovery and replication studies, and stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple statistical analysis, we identified significant genetic interactions between SNPs in <i>RGL1:RAD51B</i> (OR=0.44, <i>p</i> value=3.27x10<sup>-11</sup> in overall lung cancer and OR=0.41, <i>p</i> value=9.71x10<sup>-11</sup> in non-small cell lung cancer), <i>SYNE1:RNF43</i> (OR=0.73, <i>p</i> value=1.01x10<sup>-12</sup> in adenocarcinoma) and <i>FHIT:TSPAN8</i> (OR=1.82, <i>p</i> value=7.62x10<sup>-11</sup> in squamous cell carcinoma) in our analysis. None of these genes have been identified from previous main effect association studies in lung cancer. Further eQTL gene expression analysis in lung tissues provided information supporting the functional role of the identified epistasis in lung tumorigenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed potential pathways and gene networks underlying molecular mechanisms in overall lung cancer as well as histology subtypes development. Our results provide evidence that genetic interactions between oncogenesis-related genes play an important role in lung tumorigenesis and epistasis analysis, combined with functional annotation, provides a valuable tool for uncovering functional novel susceptibility genes that contribute to lung cancer development by interacting with other modifier genes.
Differential Effects of Intermittent Feeding and Voluntary Exercise on Body Weight and Lifespan in Adult Rats (1983)

Male wistar rats were housed in laboratory cages or activity-wheel cages at eight 10.5 or 18 months of age. Part of each cage group continued to be fed ad libitum, whereas the remaining animals were fed every other day. Compared with the ad libitum condition, intermittent feeding decreased body weight and increased lifespan at both ages in both caging conditions. Compared with the caged condition, voluntary exercise in activity wheels reduced body weight only in the 10.5-month-old group fed ad libitum but produced no effect on survival of either age group. The results suggest that intermittent feeding can enhance survival in mature rats even beyond ages at which body weight growth usually ceases, whereas voluntary exercise appears to have an early threshold beyond which increases in longevity are not observed.
Copolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride with Hexafluoropropylene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTCopolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride with Hexafluoropropylene in Supercritical Carbon DioxideTamer S. Ahmed, Joseph M. DeSimone, and George W. RobertsView Author Information Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box #7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, and Department of Chemistry, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, Box # 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 1, 15–18Publication Date (Web):December 8, 2005Publication History Received16 June 2005Revised14 November 2005Published online8 December 2005Published inissue 1 January 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051268jCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (39 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Fluorine,Monomers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
A resistive-gate In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP heterostructure CCD (1991)

The first InGaAs/InP charge-coupled device (CCD) is demonstrated, exhibiting a charge transfer efficiency (CTE) of 0.98 at 13 MHz and 1 GHz. Cooling the device improves the CTE to greater than 0.99 at 13-MHz clock frequency. The 0.76-eV In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As bandgap makes this structure applicable to direct-detection short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imagers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proton-Pump Inhibition of Gastric Chloride Secretion in Congenital Chloridorrhea (1997)

In 1945 Gamble et al.1 and Darrow2 reported on two infants with severe congenital diarrhea, in back-to-back articles with identical titles. Both infants had very high stool chloride concentrations, low urinary chloride excretion, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypokalemia. Gamble et al. concluded that the disease was caused by abnormal secretion of chloride into the intestine, and they named it congenital alkalosis with diarrhea. Darrow believed that the primary defect was intestinal chloride malabsorption, but he gave much of the credit for characterizing the disorder to Gamble et al. and used the name they had chosen. Subsequent studies supported Darrow's belief . . .
Method for improving properties of cellulose-based fibrous sheet-formed materials for use in medical goods. (2011)

A method for improving surface strength, fiber tear or linting of a sheet-formed fibrous material formed from an aq. slurry of cellulose fiber by spraying a face of the material with a chem. formulation consisting of a polymer contg. at least two carboxylic groups per mol. such as polyacrylic acid or polysaccharide or their sodium and potassium salts and aliph. mono-, di-, or three- basic carboxylic acid with mol. wt. of 40-500 Da in an aq. carrier, keeping the coated face at â‰¥ 50Â° for time sufficient to gain the desired improvement including drying time of the material is presented. The chem. formulation is sprayed on the wet laid sheet-formed material at the wet end of a paper machine in an amt. of 1-5% by wt. of the sheet-formed material in a dry state. Also disclosed is a sheet-formed fibrous material prepd. by the method and a laminated product of medical grade comprising the sheet-formed fibrous material and a polymer film. [on SciFinder(R)]
Electrically-controlled two-dimensional gratings based on layers undulations in cholesteric liquid crystals (2005)

We developed electrically-switchable two-dimensional diffractive gratings with periodic refractive index modulation arising from layers undulations in cholesteric liquid crystal. Two-dimensional layer undulations occur above the threshold voltage when a planar cholesteric cell of thickness much larger than the cholesteric pitch is subjected to an electric field. The periodic structure of the layers undulations and corresponding spatial modulation of an average refractive index in the plane of a cell allows us to produce diffraction patterns with a square-type arrangement of diffraction maxima. The cholesteric cell can be switched by pulses of ac voltage between two states: one with flat layers of a planar cholesteric texture and another with square lattice of periodic director modulation associated with layer undulations that produces two-dimensional diffraction patterns. The periodicity of the developed two-dimensional phase gratings and intensities of the diffraction maxima can be tuned by changing the applied field magnitude. The diffractive properties of gratings are practically independent of the polarization state of the incident beam and can be optimized for different wavelengths by appropriately choosing the cholesteric pitch, cell thickness, and surface treatment. The potential applications include beam steering devices, optical waveguides, devices for splitting monochromatic beams and beam multiplexing.
SMART CITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT VIA MONITORING OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (2014)

The combination of Smart Grid and Smart Cities concepts provides municipalities with new capabilities that will lead to better and informed decision making processes. This paper focuses on illustrating key aspects related to a holistic energy efficiency management at a city level, as well as presenting an innovative platform architecture to achieve such objectives. The approach presented focuses on eventual consistency (fostered by the API design) instead of pessimistic locking with the possibilities of bottlenecks, allowing for improved parallelism and scalability. At the same time, such platform opens a whole new set of possibilities for better monitoring of Energy Key Performance Indicators at a city level and enforcing the decisions taken.
Hot-electron-driven charge transfer processes onO2/Pt(111)surface probed by ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet pulses (2002)

We use ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy to directly monitor the electron dynamics and the characteristic valence-band photoelectron spectra associated with a hot-electron mediated surface chemical reaction. By adsorbing molecular oxygen onto a Pt(111) surface and exciting it with an ultrafast laser pulse, charge transfer induced changes in the platinum-oxygen bond were observed on femtosecond time scales. By simultaneously monitoring both the hot-electron distribution at the Fermi edge and the valence-band photoemission spectra, it was determined that the thermalization of the hot-electron gas precedes significant changes in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}$ bond.