gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slowest local operators in quantum spin chains (2015)

We numerically construct slowly relaxing local operators in a nonintegrable spin-1/2 chain. Restricting the support of the operator to M consecutive spins along the chain, we exhaustively search for the operator that minimizes the Frobenius norm of the commutator with the Hamiltonian. We first show that the Frobenius norm bounds the time scale of relaxation of the operator at high temperatures. We find operators with significantly slower relaxation than the slowest simple "hydrodynamic" mode due to energy diffusion. Then we examine some properties of the nontrivial slow operators. Using both exhaustive search and tensor network techniques, we find similar slowly relaxing operators for a Floquet spin chain; this system is hydrodynamically "trivial," with no conservation laws restricting their dynamics. We argue that such slow relaxation may be a generic feature following from locality and unitarity.
PHOTONIC CRYSTALS & METAMATERIAL FILTERS BASED ON 2D ARRAYS OF SILICON NANOPILLARS (2011)

Highly dense two-dimensional periodic arrays of nanoscaled silicon pillars present interesting photonic band gaps and the capacity to act as photonic crystals which can mould, manipulate and guide light. We demonstrate finite element modelling of silicon pillars based photonic crystals and their effective use in applications like waveguides, optical power dividers, multiplexers and switches. The optical wave propagation through these structures was thoroughly simulated and analysed, confirming their high efficiency. The band gaps studied through the plane wave expansion method are also presented. Later the fabrication of highly periodic two-dimensional arrays of silicon pillars through the process of etching is also explained. The arrays with pillar radius of 50 nm and lattice constant of 400 nm were successfully utilised as photonic crystal waveguides and their measured results are reported. Moreover, the silicon nanopillars sputtered with noble metals can also display artificial optical properties and act as metamaterials due to the mutual plasmonic coupling effects. We report the theoretical results for the silicon nanopillars based metamaterial high-pass filter.
A Compact QPSK Modulator with Low Amplitude and Phase Imbalance for Remote Sensing Applications (2012)

A new, compact and wide-band Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulator is presented for remote sensing applications. The microstrip-based modulator employs quadrature hybrid coupler, Wilkinson divider, rat race coupler and GaAs MESFET switches. It is designed to be part of an X band remote sensing transmitter with a center frequency of 8.25GHz. The fabricated module demonstrates the lowest reported amplitude and phase imbalances (0.1dB and 0.4° respectively) around its center frequency. The modulation, tested up to 160 Mbps data rate, displays carrier suppression greater than 30 dB. With negligible DC power consumption and low insertion loss, it operates for a wide bandwidth of 3 GHz (7-10 GHz). The effect of amplitude and phase imbalance is investigated on the performance of the modulator. Finally, a transmitter employing this modulator exhibits an excellent overall Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of around 8 % that is considerably low as compared to the typically obtained values for such transmitters.
058 Nurse Practitioner Practices for Discussing and Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (2019)

Symptomatic genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is prevalent in the postmenopausal population and can cause significant pain, dryness, vulvar irritation, vaginal burning and itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). To determine how Nurse Practitioners (NPs) identify, discuss, and treat symptoms of GSM in postmenopausal women (PMW). The NPInfluence panel was used to invite NPs to participate in an online survey from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. To participate, NPs (certified in family, women’s health, adult, adult-gerontology primary care, or gerontology and/or practice in a site focused on similar disciplines) had to provide direct patient care ≥20 hours per week in an outpatient setting, and likely to see PMW. Survey topics included criteria for vaginal screening exams, timing and practices for initiating conversations about vaginal/vulvar symptoms, language used when discussing GSM symptoms, and treatment and referral practices for the common GSM symptoms of dyspareunia/vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), and recurrent UTIs.
Mesoporous Thin Films: Model Structures to Assess the Role of Porosity in Composite Electrodes (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Immobilized Cell Technology in Beer Production (1994)

AbstractThis article describes recent advances in immobilized yeast cell technology and the current commercial options practically applicable to the brewing process for rapid fermentation and/or maturation in the production of malt beverages with defined organoleptic/analytical spectra.Research conclusions to date consider adsorption or attachment to preformed and regenerable supports as the most suitable means of immobilizing yeast for large-scale industrial applications. A broader knowledge of yeast physiology is needed to understand multistep biosyntheses and regeneration of co-factors and enzymes under growth-limited conditions. Reactor design is dictated by the type of application, the support chosen, and the desired mass-transfer requirements.The technology of cell immobilization has the advantage of providing a very cost-effective framework for the production of beer and diverse malt beverages. Expect to see an increasingly important impact of this technology on the development of a new process area in the brewing industry.Key Words: beer productionmetabolic productsstorage polymersself-aggregating cellsyeast strainsbrewery
Identification of the Beer Component Hordenine as Food-Derived Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist by Virtual Screening a 3D Compound Database (2017)

The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is involved in food reward and compulsive food intake. The present study developed a virtual screening (VS) method to identify food components, which may modulate D2R signalling. In contrast to their common applications in drug discovery, VS methods are rarely applied for the discovery of bioactive food compounds. Here, databases were created that exclusively contain substances occurring in food and natural sources (about 13,000 different compounds in total) as the basis for combined pharmacophore searching, hit-list clustering and molecular docking into D2R homology models. From 17 compounds finally tested in radioligand assays to determine their binding affinities, seven were classified as hits (hit rate = 41%). Functional properties of the five most active compounds were further examined in β-arrestin recruitment and cAMP inhibition experiments. D2R-promoted G-protein activation was observed for hordenine, a constituent of barley and beer, with approximately identical ligand efficacy as dopamine (76%) and a K<sub>i</sub> value of 13 μM. Moreover, hordenine antagonised D2-mediated β-arrestin recruitment indicating functional selectivity. Application of our databases provides new perspectives for the discovery of bioactive food constituents using VS methods. Based on its presence in beer, we suggest that hordenine significantly contributes to mood-elevating effects of beer.
Dynamic time-domain duplexing for self-backhauled millimeter wave cellular networks (2015)

Millimeter wave (mmW) bands between 30 and 300 GHz have attracted considerable attention for nextgeneration cellular networks due to vast quantities of availavery high-dimensional antenna arraysble spectrum and the possibility of very high-dimensional antenna arrays. However, a key issue in these systems is range: mmW signals are extremely vulnerable to shadowing and poor high-frequency propagation. Multi-hop relaying is therefore a natural technology for such systems to improve cell range and cell edge rates without the addition of wired access points. This paper studies the problem of scheduling for a simple infrastructure cellular relay system where communication between wired base stations and User Equipment follow a hierarchical tree structure through fixed relay nodes. Such a systems builds naturally on existing cellular mmW backhaul by adding mmW in the access links. A key feature of the proposed system is that TDD duplexing selections can be made on a link-by-link basis due to directional isolation from other links. We devise an efficient, greedy algorithm for centralized scheduling that maximizes network utility by jointly optimizing the duplexing schedule and resources allocation for dense, relay-enhanced OFDMA/TDD mmW networks. The proposed algorithm can dynamically adapt to loading, channel conditions and traffic demands. Significant throughput gains and improved resource utilization offered by our algorithm over the static, globally-synchronized TDD patterns are demonstrated through simulations based on empirically-derived channel models at 28 GHz.
What Are the Most Powerful Immunogen Design Vaccine Strategies? (2017)

The ability of structure-based design to control the shape and reactivity-the atomic-level chemistry-of an immunogen argues for it being one of the "most powerful" immunogen-design strategies. But antigenic reactivity is only one of the properties required to induce a protective immune response. Here, a multidimensional approach is used to exemplify the enabling role atomic-level information can play in the development of immunogens against three viral pathogens, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which have resisted standard approaches to vaccine development. Overall, structure-based strategies incorporating B-cell ontogenies and viral evasion mechanisms appear exceptionally powerful.
Abstract LB-389: Combination of TYRP1-TCB, a novel T cell bispecific antibody for the treatment of melanoma, with immunomodulatory agents (2020)

Abstract In the past decade, many checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) have been approved for melanoma, demonstrating the increasing potential of immunotherapy as a lifesaving treatment for this devastating disease. However, many patients relapse or need to discontinue treatment due to adverse effects. Patients failing CPI have very limited treatment options and very poor outcomes. This supports the need for novel and more effective immunotherapies, including combination approaches. Bispecific antibodies like blinatumomab have been approved for hematologic malignancies but positive benefit in solid tumors has been more challenging to demonstrate. Given the relative high T cell content in melanoma, we considered this indication highly promising to investigate whether synthetic immunity also works in solid tumors. Here we present a novel potent treatment approach based on an off the shelf T cell engaging bispecific antibody directed against a melanoma associated target. The tyrosinase-related protein 1 antigen (TYRP1), an enzyme expressed in normal melanosomes and involved in melanin synthesis, is overexpressed in more than 50% of metastatic melanoma patients. TYRP1-TCB is a new 2+1 format T cell bispecific antibody targeting TYRP1 on tumor cells and CD3 on T cells. CD3 bispecific molecules do not depend on HLA expression or antigen presentation and could therefore overcome immune evasion mechanisms in patients failing CPI; as such, T cell redirection via TYRP1-TCB has the potential to be the foundation for new and improved CIT combinations. In vitro TYRP1-TCB mediated strong killing of patient derived melanoma cells from a dermatology cell bank as observed by LDH release, T cell activation and cytokine secretion with EC50 ranging from 30-1500 pM. Pre-clinical investigation in vivo with a murine surrogate molecule showed potent efficacy in subcutaneous as well as aggressive lung metastatic B16 melanoma mouse models that do not respond to anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. Furthermore, the combination with immunomodulatory agents like FAP-IL2v and FAP-4-1BBL molecules demonstrated enhanced efficacy as compared to the respective single agents. These preclinical data support the clinical evaluation of TYRP1 targeted CD3 bispecific antibody as a single agent and in combination in metastatic relapsed/refractory melanoma patients. Citation Format: Valeria G. Nicolini, Inja Waldhauer, Anne Freimoser-Grundschober, Marine Richard, Linda Fahrni, Esther Bommer, Christina Claus, Johannes Sam, Sara Colombetti, Roger Sutmuller, Mitchell P. Levesque, Anja Irmisch, Conrad Bleul, Neil Campbell, Marina Bacac, Ekkehard Moessner, Christian Klein, Pablo Umana. Combination of TYRP1-TCB, a novel T cell bispecific antibody for the treatment of melanoma, with immunomodulatory agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-389.
Modeling the Ohmic Effects Due to Particulates and Surface Roughness Within Thin Electrolyte Films in Crevice Corrosion (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Data from Multiomics Characterization of Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Identifies Potential Biomarkers of MEK Inhibitor Sensitivity and Therapeutic Vulnerability (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare tumor subtype with high case fatality rates in patients with metastatic disease. There is a pressing need to develop effective treatments using newly available preclinical models for therapeutic discovery and drug evaluation. Here, we use multiomics integration of whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry–based proteomics on 14 LGSOC cell lines to elucidate novel biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Comparison of LGSOC cell line data with LGSOC tumor data enabled predictive biomarker identification of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) efficacy, with KRAS mutations found exclusively in MEKi-sensitive cell lines and NRAS mutations found mostly in MEKi-resistant cell lines. Distinct patterns of Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutational signatures were identified in MEKi-sensitive and MEKi-resistant cell lines. Deletions of &lt;i&gt;CDKN2A/B&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;MTAP&lt;/i&gt; genes were more frequent in cell lines than tumor samples and possibly represent key driver events in the absence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations. These LGSOC cell lines were representative models of the molecular aberrations found in LGSOC tumors. For prediction of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; MEKi efficacy, proteomic data provided better discrimination than gene expression data. Condensin, minichromosome maintenance, and replication factor C protein complexes were identified as potential treatment targets in MEKi-resistant cell lines. This study suggests that CDKN2A/B or MTAP deficiency may be exploited using synthetically lethal treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of using proteomic data as a tool for molecular drug prediction. Multiomics approaches are crucial to improving our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of LGSOC and applying this information to develop new therapies.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings highlight the utility of global multiomics to characterize LGSOC cell lines as research models, to determine biomarkers of MEKi resistance, and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Winning Play in Spectrum Auctions (2009)

We describe factors that make bidding in large spectrum auctions complex --including exposure and budget problems, the role of timing within an ascending auction, and the possibilities for price forecasting --and how economic and game-theoretic analysis can assist bidders in overcoming these problems. We illustrate with the case of the FCC's Advanced Wireless Service auction, in which a new entrant, SpectrumCo, faced all these problems yet managed to purchase nationwide coverage at a discount of roughly a third relative to the prices paid by its incumbent competitors in the same auction, saving more than a billion dollars.
Value and limitation of stress thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography: comparison with nitrogen-13 ammonia positron tomography. (1988)

The diagnostic value of exercise 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for assessing coronary artery disease (CAD) was comparatively evaluated with exercise [13N] ammonia positron emission tomography (PET). Fifty-one patients underwent both stress-delayed SPECT imaging using a rotational gamma camera and stress-rest PET imaging using a high resolution PET camera. Of 48 CAD patients, SPECT showed abnormal perfusion in 46 patients (96%), while PET detected perfusion abnormalities in 47 (98%). The sensitivity for detecting disease in individual coronary arteries (greater than 50% stenosis) was also similar for SPECT (81%) and PET (88%). When their interpretations were classified as normal, transient defect, and fixed defect in 765 myocardial segments, SPECT and PET findings were concordant in 606 segments (79%). However, 66 segments showed a fixed defect by SPECT but a transient defect by PET, whereas there were only nine segments showing a transient defect by SPECT and a fixed defect by PET. PET identified transient defects in 34% of the myocardial segments showing a fixed defect by SPECT. We conclude that both stress SPECT and PET showed high and similar sensitivities for detecting CAD and individual stenosed vessels. Since stress-delayed SPECT with single tracer injection detected fewer transient defects, it may underestimate the presence of myocardial ischemia, compared with high resolution PET imaging with two tracer injections.
Delayed oncoplastic repair—after radiotherapy (2020)

Many patients unfortunately continue to present for repair after radiotherapy. Besides relatively small defects that can be repaired using percutaneous needle release and serial fat grafting, patients presenting for repair after radiotherapy often require an extensive flap. Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery may be carried out as either a one- or two-stage procedure, and it is crucial to consider the effect of the timing of radiotherapy on any subsequent repair. Where possible, partial breast reconstruction should be performed at the time of breast-conserving surgery and prior to any radiotherapy. There are several advantages stemming from operating on radiation-naïve tissues. “Delayed-before” radiotherapy reconstruction is performed after breast-conserving surgery, following disclosure of definitive histology, but before commencement of radiotherapy. Autologous fat grafting to treat post-radiotherapy defects after breast-conserving surgery has gained widespread popularity. Fat grafting is combined with percutaneous needle scar release or “subcision” of scars resulting from breast-conserving surgery that have been exposed to radiotherapy.
Radioaerosol Pulmonary Deposition Using Mesh and Jet Nebulizers During Noninvasive Ventilation in Healthy Subjects (2015)

During NIV in healthy subjects, vibrating mesh nebulizers delivered > 2-fold more radiolabeled drug into the respiratory tract compared with conventional jet nebulizers. Additional studies are recommended in subjects with asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis to better understand differences in both aerosol delivery and response. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01889524.).
Measurement of atmospheric peroxy radicals by chemical amplification (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of atmospheric peroxy radicals by chemical amplificationChristopher A. Cantrell, Donald H. Stedman, and Gregory J. WendelCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 8, 1496–1502Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00272a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human colon-on-a-chip enables continuous in vitro analysis of colon mucus layer accumulation and physiology (2019)

ABSTRACT Background &amp; Aims The mucus layer in the human colon protects against commensal bacteria and pathogens, and defects in its unique bilayered structure contribute to intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis. However, our understanding of colon physiology is limited by the lack of in vitro models that replicate human colonic mucus layer structure and function. Here, we investigated if combining organ-on-a-chip and organoid technologies can be leveraged to develop a human-relevant in vitro model of colon mucus physiology. Methods A human colon-on-a-chip (Colon Chip) microfluidic device lined by primary patient-derived colonic epithelial cells was used to recapitulate mucus bilayer formation, and to visualize mucus accumulation in living cultures non-invasively. Results The Colon Chip supports spontaneous goblet cell differentiation and accumulation of a mucus bilayer with impenetrable and penetrable layers, and a thickness similar to that observed in human colon, while maintaining a subpopulation of proliferative epithelial cells. Live imaging of the mucus layer formation on-chip revealed that stimulation of the colonic epithelium with prostaglandin E2, which is elevated during inflammation, causes rapid mucus volume expansion via an NKCC1 ion channel-dependent increase in its hydration state, but no increase in de novo mucus secretion. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate production of colonic mucus with a physiologically relevant bilayer structure in vitro , which can be analyzed in real-time non-invasively. The Colon Chip may offer a new preclinical tool to analyze the role of mucus in human intestinal homeostasis as well as diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and cancer.
The Complexity Challenge in Embedded System Design (2008)

The ever-increasing functionality and the nonfunctional constraints that must be satisfied by embedded systems lead to an enormous growth in the complexity at the system level In this paper we investigate the notion of cognitive complexity and argue that it is not the embedded system, but the models of the embedded system that must be simple and understandable. The introduction of appropriate levels of abstraction in modeling and the associated concept formation help to reduce the emerging complexity by focusing on the relevant properties and omitting irrelevant detail, thus leading to a simpler representation of the evolving artifact. In the second part of the paper we present examples of basic-level concepts that we find essential in the design of distributed embedded systems and summarize the insights by presenting a set of concise design patterns that support the component-based design of embedded systems.