gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception (2021)

Anticipating the future is essential for efficient perception and action planning. Yet the role of anticipation in event segmentation is understudied because empirical research has focused on retrospective cues such as surprise. We address this concern in the context of perception of musical-phrase boundaries. A computational model of cognitive sequence processing was used to control the information-dynamic properties of tone sequences. In an implicit, self-paced listening task (<i>N</i> = 38), undergraduates dwelled longer on tones generating high entropy (i.e., high uncertainty) than on those generating low entropy (i.e., low uncertainty). Similarly, sequences that ended on tones generating high entropy were rated as sounding more complete (<i>N</i> = 31 undergraduates). These entropy effects were independent of both the surprise (i.e., information content) and phrase position of target tones in the original musical stimuli. Our results indicate that events generating high entropy prospectively contribute to segmentation processes in auditory sequence perception, independently of the properties of the subsequent event.
New vertical silicon microwave power transistor structure and package with inherent thermal self protection (2009)

A novel vertical silicon high voltage microwave power transistor is reported with high degree of robustness and inherent thermal self protection. The HVVFET device uses a deep dielectric platform with uniform channel doping that approaches near ideal breakdown voltages (> 110 Volts) for suitable epitaxial thickness and doping levels resulting in high power density. An integrated shield enables significant reduction in the feedback capacitance resulting in devices with f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> > 6 GHz and gain in excess of 15 dB, with VSWR of 20:1. Flip-chip gold bumps are used to achieve short thermal transfer path to the flange and achieve inherent thermal self protection.
The Clonal Inventory of Gene Corrected Hematopoiesis in Three Successful Clinical Gene Therapy Trials (2007)

Abstract To enhance the safety and efficacy of future gene therapy trials using integrating vector systems it is necessary to analyse the clonality of the genetically modified cell pool. The comparative analyses of integration site distribution and cellular gene expression will further reveal causal mechanisms of in vivo clone selection. We followed the repopulation clonality of 21 patients which participated in 3 successful clinical gene therapy trials via linear amplification mediated PCR (LAM PCR). We identified the integration sites (IS) of pre and post transplantation samples by Sanger sequencing and accomplished RNA analyses. The comparative results from all trials showed that vector integration is favoured in gene coding regions, in particular transcriptional start sites. In both X-SCID trials significantly more post transplantation IS were located in or in the vicinity of genes encoding proteins with kinase or transferase activity. In pre transplantation samples no uniform gene class was overrepresented. In both trials we detected common insertion sites mainly post transplantation and the effect was more pronounced in the trial where 4 patients developed vector induced leukemia. Notably, we detected no significant differences regarding the IS distribution in leukemic versus non leukemic patients. The gene corrected repopulation of patient 1 and 2 of the X-CGD trial was polyclonal until 542 and 777 days after transplantation, respectively. 5 months after therapy dominant clones appeared. In patient 1, between 616 and 820 days post transplantation (post mortem time point) the number of participating clones and the contribution of a dominant clone decreased while the contribution of another dominant clone increased. In both patients the integrated vector induced the upregulation of the genes MDS1/EVI1, PRDM16 or SETBP1 and thus led to the in vivo expansion of affected cell clones. From these trials we sequenced &amp;gt;2000 unique IS by Sanger sequencing and several thousand via pyrosequencing (datamining is ongoing). Our data show that the integration site distribution was non random, that the integrated vector influenced the cellular gene expression which caused subtle to massive changes in the repopulation clonality and that it will soon be possible to define the clonal inventory of patients using next generation sequencing technologies.
Novel user interface technologies and conversational user interfaces for information appliances (2000)

The metaphor of a 'desktop' as a user interface was useful for the migration from mainframe applications to personal computers. But it must be re-evaluated when thinking about new concepts and implementations of user interfaces for modern working and home environments, especially mobile applications. The departure from tools that enable the user to directly manipulate content towards intelligent agent-based applications suggests a shift of paradigms. We propose a new generation of user interfaces extending the widely accepted WIMP metaphor by anthropomorphous user interface agents, conversational user interface elements, the inclusion of mobile information appliances, and appropriate multimodal interaction techniques. Initial prototype systems following this line have been successfully developed. In strategic projects with alliances of research and industry, these technologies will be further advanced into first products in the areas of mobile multimedia offices and electronic multimedia service and operation assistants.
Can 3D Shape be Estimated from Focus Cues Alone? (2014)

Focus cues—blur and accommodation—have generally been regarded as very coarse, ordinal cues to depth. This assessment has been largely determined by the inability to display these cues correctly with conventional displays. For example, when a 3D shape is displayed with sharp rendering (i.e., pinhole camera), the expected blur variation is not present and accommodation does not have an appropriate effect on the retinal image. When a 3D shape with rendered blur (i.e., camera with non-pinhole aperture) is displayed, the viewer's accommodation does not have the appropriate retinal effect. We asked whether the information provided by correct blur and accommodation can be used to determine shape. We conducted a shape-discrimination experiment in which subjects indicated whether a hinge stimulus was concave or convex. The stimuli were presented monocularly in a unique volumetric display that allows us to present correct or nearly correct focus cues. The hinge was textured using a back-projection technique, so the stimuli contained no useful shape cues except blur and accommodation. We used four rendering methods that vary in the validity of focus information. Two single-plane methods mimicked a conventional display and two volumetric methods mimicked natural viewing. A pinhole camera model was used in one single-plane condition, so image sharpness was independent of depth. In the other single-plane condition, natural blur was rendered thereby creating an appropriate blur gradient. In one volumetric condition, a linear blending rule was used to assign intensity to image planes. In the other volumetric condition, an optimized blending rule was used that creates a closer approximation to real-world viewing. Subject performance was at chance in the single-plane conditions. Performance improved substantially when in the volumetric conditions, slightly better in the optimized-blending condition. This is direct evidence that 3D shape judgments can be made from the information contained in blur and accommodation alone. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
Pulse Shape Discrimination Properties of Neutron-Sensitive Organic Scintillators (2013)

The new plastic scintillators with n/γ pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties being developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and commercialized by Eljen Technology are addressing the toxicity and flammability issues of liquid scintillators, thus enabling a much wider range of practical applications for the detection of neutrons. These scintillation materials use multiple dyes, the concentration of which can vary, and therefore the light output and PSD properties of these new materials are expected to vary as well. In this paper, we compare the light signal time profiles of a liquid scintillator and two samples (one from LLNL and one from Eljen Technology) of new plastic scintillators with PSD properties. We acquired the light signal time profiles using both γ sources ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sup> Co, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Am) and neutrons calibrated in electron-equivalent by the gamma sources. The n/γ PSD properties for time profiles collected are analyzed and discussed with respect to charge integration time.
Signal Efficiency in Gradient Index Lens Based Two Photon Microscopy (2013)

Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that extends many optical imaging modalities like harmonic laser scanned imaging with micro endoscopic in vivo capabilities as needed in research and diagnostics. These micro endoscopic imaging variants however rely on the light scattering capability of the underlying tissue. Further complications arise from an increased number of optical interfaces and the overall optical performance of a GRIN rod. We have therefore performed a quantitative comparison of the back-scattered second harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensity generated in skin and low-scattering muscle tissue, both obtained with a standard two photon laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a GRIN lens based LSM. We report that the GRIN lens based system sees approximately 1/4 of the net two photon signal detected by the standard LSM. We expect that this value can be generalized to other LSM techniques enhanced by GRIN technology and encourage its use in experimental situations with standard LSM signal to noise ratios of four or higher.
Immunohistochemical Assessment of Fractalkine, Inflammatory Cells, and Human Herpesvirus 7 in Human Salivary Glands (2004)

Human fractalkine (CX3CL1), a delta-chemokine, is implicated in the mediation of multiple cell functions. In addition to serving as a chemotactic factor for mononuclear cell subtypes, membrane-bound fractalkine may promote viral infection by interacting with virions that encode putative fractalkine-binding proteins. Fractalkine expression in normal epithelial tissues studied to date is either constitutive or is upregulated with inflammation. In salivary glands, the expression of fractalkine is unknown. Moreover, salivary glands are a major site for the persistent and productive infection by human herpesvirus (HHV)-7, which encodes two putative fractalkine-binding gene products, U12 and U51. Surprisingly, the cellular distribution of HHV-7 in major salivary glands has not been explored. We therefore determined by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization of fractalkine in three different salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and labial glands. Fractalkine expression was highly variable, ranging from high to undetectable levels. We further examined the association of fractalkine with inflammatory cell infiltration or HHV-7 infection of salivary epithelial cells. Inflammatory cells were always adjacent to epithelial cells expressing fractalkine, consistent with a function of fractalkine in inflammatory cell recruitment and/or retention in salivary glands. In contrast, HHV-7-infected epithelial cells did not always express fractalkine, suggesting that fractalkine may not be an absolute requirement for viral entry.
Quick and reliable contact detection for sensorless force control of industrial robots for human support (2012)

In this paper, we propose a new contact detection method for sensorless force control of industrial robots for human support. Sensorless force control is an useful technique with regard to force control of industrial robots. However, existing force estimation methods have some error due to the phase-lag of the disturbance observer, and due to the errors in robot dynamics identification. The proposed method achieves quick and reliable contact detection by employing a jerk signal with the dynamic threshold. A jerk signal, which is sensitive to impulsive force and the effect of errors due to dynamics parameters is very small. The proposed dynamic threshold is adjusted according to robot's motion. When the robot exhibits accelerating motion, the threshold is set to a higher level in comparison with the usual low-level constant threshold. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through the experiments on actual industrial robots.
Understanding the Selectivity of a Moderate Oxidation Catalyst:  Hydrogen Abstraction by a Fully Characterized, Activated Catalyst, the Robust Dihydroxo Manganese(IV) Complex of a Bridged Cyclam (2007)

Distinctive mechanistic pathways account for the remarkable selectivity of a molecularly designed and robust manganese catalyst, Mn(Me2EBC)Cl2, whose activated form has been isolated and thoroughly characterized. In keeping with the existence of two activated catalytic functional groups, MnIV(OH)22+ (BDEOH = 83.0 kcal/mol) and MnIV(O)OH+ (BDEOH = 84.3 kcal/mol), two distinctive Polanyi correlations are observed, the latter being over 10-fold more rapid despite their similarity. Remarkably, only relatively weak C−H bonds (≤∼82 kcal/mol) suffer hydrogen abstraction by either group, with the stoppage occurring at substrate BDECH ≥ catalyst BDEOH. Earlier studies established a selective Lewis acid mechanism as the dominant oxygen atom insertion pathway for this catalyst. These two pathways (hydrogen abstraction and oxygen atom transfer) dominate the oxidation reactions catalyzed by these systems, accounting for the moderate oxidizing power and associated selectivity of Mn(Me2EBC)Cl2 in H2O2 oxidations.
The Effect of Oxygen and Supply Rate of Mist on the Preparation of Y–Ba–Cu–O Superconducting Thin Films by the Mist Microwave-Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1994)

The effect of the input molar ratio of oxygen ( O R ) and supply rate of mist on the preparation of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting thin films by the MPCVD method have been investigated. Although the preparation of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting thin films was attempted at the input molar ratio of oxygen O R = F O2 /( F O2 + total F Ar ) from 0.1 to 0.8, the Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting phase was formed only in the narrow range of O R from 0.1 to 0.3. In addition, the formation of the Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting phase was limited not only by the input molar ratio of oxygen but by the supply rate of mist.
Gymnangiamide, a Cytotoxic Pentapeptide from the Marine Hydroid Gymnangium regae. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Determination of the local electric field strength by Energy dispersive Photon Emission Microscopy (2010)

Energy-dispersive Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM) allows the local electron temperature distribution to be characterized with high accuracy and sensitivity. The suitability and potential of this new technique for failure analysis and reliability investigation of semiconductor devices are demonstrated by the spatially resolved analysis of non-uniform breakdowns. With state-of-the-art devices in nanometer dimensions the charge carrier transport is analyzed in order to determine the electric field strength distribution.
The European Project Nanoathero to Fight Cardiovascular Diseases Using Nanotechnologies (2015)

Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death in the world. Nanosystems with contrast agents or drugs appear as promising tools for early detection and treatments. NanoAthero, a large-scale 5-year project funded by the European Union FP7 gathers 16 partners from ten different countries to demonstrate the benefit of the use of nanoparticle technologies. Through the design and characterization of nanosystems, preclinical and clinical validations, toxicology, industrial development and production in good manufacturing practice forms, several studies are underway for plaque and stroke both for imaging and treatment. A clinical study was already completed using a good manufacturing practice liposomal formulation in patients with carotid atheroma. NanoAthero is a unique opportunity to open new strategies for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Erratum to: Measurement of ϒ production in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV (2019)

The top plot shown in figure 3 of ref. [1] is the result of 8 TeV. The correct figure is given below in figure 3: (ϒ) [GeV/c] T p 0 5 10 15 )] c [pb/(GeV/ B× T p /d σ d −1 10 10 3 10 LHCb 2.0 < y < 4.5 ϒ (1S) ϒ (2S) ϒ (3S) Figure 3. Differential cross-sections multiplied by dimuon branching fractions for the Υ(1S) (black solid squares), Υ(2S) (red upward triangles) and Υ(3S) (blue downward triangles) states versus pT integrated over y between 2.0 and 4.5. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are added in quadrature. Predictions from NRQCD [2] for the Υ(1S) (black grid shading), Υ(2S) (red grid shading) and Υ(3S) (blue grid shading) states are overlaid in the plot.
Ballistic Impact of Dense Particle Suspensions (2011)

The ballistic impact of various dense particle suspensions is of interest for the development of superior materials for personal protective equipment. The dynamic response of the fluids under impact of a fragment simulating projectile at various incident velocities was examined for this purpose. High-speed fluid dynamic videos of these ballistic impacts were used to analyze the effects of various suspension parameters on the response of the fluids. It was found experimentally that the shear thickening behaviour of the suspensions dominated the response at low incident velocities, but the results converge based on density at higher impact velocities.
IC‐P‐186: [11C]PBB3 PET Visualizes TAU Aggregates in Patients with FTDP‐17 MAPT Gene Mutation (2016)

Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked chromosome17 (FTDP-17) MAPT are associated with diverse clinical phenotypes and tau inclusions in the brain. The aim of the study is to elucidate the distribution of tau inclusions in patients with three distinct MAPT gene mutations by tau imaging. A 61 year-old man with R406W mutation, three patients with N279K mutation (48 year-old man, 48 year-old woman, and 42 year-old man), and a 47 year-old woman with G272V mutation and 13 healthy controls (HCs; 5 men and 8 women; age, 45 ± 10 year) participated in this study. All subjects underwent tau PET scans with [11C]PBB3, amyloid PET scans with [11C]PIB, and MRI. Seventy-minute PET scans were performed after intravenous injection of [11C]PBB3 ( 497 ± 93 MBq) or [11C]PiB (401 ± 64 MBq). PET images were anatomically standardized using MRI. Parametric [11C]PBB3, and [11C]PiB PET images were generated by calculation of target-to-cerebellar cortex standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) at 30-50 min, and 50-70 min after radiotracer injection, respectively. [11C]PiB retention was assessed by visual inspection of SUVR images. A two sample t-test was also performed on [11C]PBB3 PET SUVR images between each patient and 13 HCs using SPM12. Neuropathological and autoradiographic examinations were performed in postmortem brain sections of other patients with three MAPT mutations. All subjects were negative for amyloid PET. Five subjects with MAPT gene mutations exhibited increased [11C]PBB3 binding in the brain compared with HCs. In the N279K mutation carriers, increased [11C]PBB3 bindings were detected at an asymptomatic stage, and were spatially extended involving white matter with the progression of clinical manifestations. In contrast, patients with R406W and G272V mutations showed increased [11C]PBB3 binding mostly restricted to gray matter in the brain. Autoradiographic signals and fluorescence labeling of brain sections revealed that PBB3 binds to various tau inclusions in the brain with these three mutations. [11C]PBB3 PET can detect diverse tau inclusions, and may be useful for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic effect of anti-tau therapy in patients with MATP mutations, and other tauopathies.
Effects of DGE Bandwidth on Nonlinear ULH Systems (2005)

Experiments and simulations show that the channel bandwidth of a dynamic gain-equalizer exerts strong influence on the performance of a nonlinear ULH system. For a 40-channel, 6000-km, 100 GHz-spaced, 12.5 Gb/s DWDM system, the optimal bandwidth is near 50 GHz.
Towards automatic reconstruction of dendrite morphology from live neurons (2005)

The recent advent of optical imaging methods to capture both structural and functional data from living neurons holds the promise of improving our understanding of neuronal function. An important technical advance would be to use computer simulations to determine the optimal locations for high-speed functional imaging and electrical recording on an individual neuron. However, such simulations require a precise reconstruction of the dendritic morphology. Thus, the currently available time-consuming, semi-manual methods for morphological reconstruction prevent integration of cell-specific simulations into the experiments. Our work focuses on implementing a fast, robust method for extracting dendrite morphology from confocal or two-photon images to enable concurrent simulation and functional imaging of individual neurons. We discuss the current implementation of the morphological reconstruction, our approach to validation, and our initial results.
Low-loss, wide-angle Y splitter at ∼16-µm wavelengths built with a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2002)

We report a successful experimental realization of a photonic-crystal Y splitter operating at lambda~1.6 mum . Our device has a large splitting angle of 120 degrees and a miniature size of ~3 mumx3 mum . Furthermore, the Y-splitter loss is measured to be 0.5-1 dB at lambda=1640-1680 nm, making the Y splitter promising for integrated photonic-circuit applications. These unique properties are attributed to the new guiding principle made possible by the photonic bandgap.
Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases produced by streptomyces. IV. Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases by reticulol. (1977)

Inhibition mechanism of rat cerebral cortex cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) by reticulol was investigated. The inhibition of PDE by reticulol was not reduced in the presence of excess PDE activating factor (PAF) or/and Ca2+ ion. Reticulol showed lower Ki values for Ca2+-PAF dependent PDE than for Ca2+ independent PDE.