gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed multiview imaging approaching 4pi steradians using conic section mirrors: theoretical and practical considerations (2021)

Illuminating or imaging samples from a broad angular range is essential in a wide variety of computational 3D imaging and resolution-enhancement techniques, such as optical projection tomography (OPT), optical diffraction tomography (ODT), synthetic aperture microscopy, Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM), photogrammetry, and optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT). The wider the angular coverage, the better the resolution enhancement or 3D resolving capabilities. However, achieving such angular ranges is a practical challenge, especially when approaching plus-or-minus 90 degrees or beyond. Often, researchers resort to expensive, proprietary high numerical aperture (NA) objectives, or to rotating the sample or source-detector pair, which sacrifices temporal resolution or perturbs the sample. Here, we propose several new strategies for multi-angle imaging approaching 4pi steradians using concave parabolic or ellipsoidal mirrors and fast, low rotational inertia scanners, such as galvanometers. We derive theoretically and empirically relations between a variety of system parameters (e.g., NA, wavelength, focal length, telecentricity) and achievable fields of view (FOVs) and importantly show that intrinsic tilt aberrations do not restrict FOV for many multi-view imaging applications, contrary to conventional wisdom. Finally, we present strategies for avoiding spherical aberrations at obliquely illuminated flat boundaries. Our simple designs allow for high-speed multi-angle imaging for microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic applications.
Effects of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Trichostatin A, in a Chronic Allergic Airways Disease Model in Mice (2012)

There is a need for new asthma therapies that can concurrently address airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness and progressive irreversible loss of lung function, in addition to inhibiting inflammation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) alter gene expression by interfering with the removal of acetyl groups from histones. The HDACi trichostatin A (TSA) has pleiotropic effects targeting key pathological processes in asthma including inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. The aim was to evaluate the effects of TSA treatment in a mouse model of chronic allergic airways disease (AAD). Wild-type BALB/c mice with AAD were treated intraperitoneally with 5 mg/kg TSA or vehicle control. Airway inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts and histological examination of lung tissue sections. Remodeling was assessed by morphometric analysis and airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed by invasive plethysmography. TSA-treated mice had a reduced number of total inflammatory cells and eosinophils within the BALF as compared to vehicle-treated mice (both p < 0.05). Furthermore, airway remodeling changes were significantly reduced with TSA compared to vehicle-treated mice, with fewer goblet cells (p < 0.05), less subepithelial collagen deposition (p < 0.05) and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness at the highest methacholine dose. These findings demonstrate that treatment with an HDACi can concurrently reduce structural airway remodeling changes and airway hyperresponsiveness, in addition to attenuating airway inflammation in a chronic AAD model. This has important implications for the development of novel treatments for severe asthma.
FcRn-mediated transcytosis and transport of Fc-fused IL-7 into serum after intravaginal treatment from Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. FcRn-mediated transcytosis and transport of Fc-fused IL-7 into serum after intravaginal treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Microwave phase conjugation using antenna arrays (1998)

A technique has been developed and tested for achieving phase conjugation in the microwave and millimeter-wave regime. The effective nonlinearity required for this phase-conjugation process is provided by electronic mixing elements feeding an array of antennas. Using these balanced mixing circuits in conjunction with a one-dimensional array antenna, we have demonstrated two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation at 10.24 GHz. A critical factor of this technique is the delivery of a 2/spl omega/ pump signal to each array element with the same phase. Two types of interconnects, electrical and a more versatile optical technique, have been implemented to distribute the pump signal in our demonstrations. In both systems, two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation was observed and verified by directly measuring the electric-field amplitude and phase distribution under various conditions. The electric-field wave-fronts exhibited retro-directivity and the auto-correction characteristics of phase conjugation. Furthermore, these experiments have shown amplified conjugate-wave power up to ten times of that of the incoming wave. This amplifying ability demonstrates the potential of such arrays to be used in novel communications applications.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Protected α‐Amino‐β‐dialkoxyphosphinyloxy‐ (diphenoxyphosphinyloxy)carboxylic Acids (Phosphate‐Group Esters of O‐Phosphorylated N‐Protected α‐Amino‐β‐hydroxyamino Acids). (1986)

Abstract The N‐protected serines (I), threonines (IV), and tyrosines (VI) are readily phosphitylated by the dialkyl or diphenyl phosphorochlorides (II) in the presence of pyridine.
Scalable Semisupervised Functional Neurocartography Reveals Canonical Neurons in Behavioral Networks (2016)

Large-scale data collection efforts to map the brain are underway at multiple spatial and temporal scales, but all face fundamental problems posed by high-dimensional data and intersubject variability. Even seemingly simple problems, such as identifying a neuron/brain region across animals/subjects, become exponentially more difficult in high dimensions, such as recognizing dozens of neurons/brain regions simultaneously. We present a framework and tools for functional neurocartography-the large-scale mapping of neural activity during behavioral states. Using a voltage-sensitive dye (VSD), we imaged the multifunctional responses of hundreds of leech neurons during several behaviors to identify and functionally map homologous neurons. We extracted simple features from each of these behaviors and combined them with anatomical features to create a rich medium-dimensional feature space. This enabled us to use machine learning techniques and visualizations to characterize and account for intersubject variability, piece together a canonical atlas of neural activity, and identify two behavioral networks. We identified 39 neurons (18 pairs, 3 unpaired) as part of a canonical swim network and 17 neurons (8 pairs, 1 unpaired) involved in a partially overlapping preparatory network. All neurons in the preparatory network rapidly depolarized at the onsets of each behavior, suggesting that it is part of a dedicated rapid-response network. This network is likely mediated by the S cell, and we referenced VSD recordings to an activity atlas to identify multiple cells of interest simultaneously in real time for further experiments. We targeted and electrophysiologically verified several neurons in the swim network and further showed that the S cell is presynaptic to multiple neurons in the preparatory network. This study illustrates the basic framework to map neural activity in high dimensions with large-scale recordings and how to extract the rich information necessary to perform analyses in light of intersubject variability.
Bis(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium tetrahydroborate. Covalent organotransition metal borohydride with unusual spectroscopic and dynamic properties (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium tetrahydroborate. Covalent organotransition metal borohydride with unusual spectroscopic and dynamic propertiesTobin J. Marks and William J. KennellyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 6, 1439–1443Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00839a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00839a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On probabilistic data association for achieving near-exponential diversity over fading channels (2013)

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) wireless communication requires the transmission of short blocks of data with high reliability over fading channels. We discuss the use of the probabilistic data association (PDA) detector in conjunction with precoding to design high-performance systems for these links. First, the performance of the traditional PDA algorithm with precoding over ideal Rayleigh fading links is analyzed, which provides insight into its performance, and evidence of an error floor at high SNRs. Then, a novel ordering mechanism is proposed that takes advantage of the precoder characteristics. It is shown by simulation that the proposed modified algorithm can achieve near-ML performance for block sizes as small as 32 symbols.
Effects of exercise on canine skeletal muscle proteolysis: an investigation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and other metabolic markers. (2002)

The effects of long-term athletic training are associated with excessive skeletal muscle turnover attributable to increased rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis and proteolysis, which are mechanisms poorly understood in the athletic dog. A physiologic field study using 44 English pointers and Labrador retrievers that had been purposely bred for bird hunting and retrieving was conducted to examine changes in the ubiquitin-proteasome (UP) pathway, which has been implicated in exercise-induced proteolysis. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from all dogs in September (preseason, pretraining) and February (peak season, peak activity). Western blot analysis was used to assess changes in expression of various components of the UP pathway in the biopsy samples. Citrate synthase and glycogen levels were also measured in a subset of these samples. Results across the population indicated pronounced up-regulation of ubiquitinated conjugates and the p31 regulatory capping subunit during the peak hunting period compared with the preseason period. In contrast, the catalytic core of the proteasome (beta-subunits) showed no apparent up-regulation in response to increased physical activity. Increased physical activity during the hunting season was associated with increased muscle glycogen levels and citrate synthase activity in these dogs. Overall, up-regulation of specific components of the UP pathway was an indication that it plays a role in the proteolytic process associated with skeletal muscle turnover during long-term athletic training, as previously believed.
III-V Photonic Circuits with Waveguide-Integrated LED Source and WSi Nanowire Detectors (2018)

We present the fabrication and testing of photonic circuits using a III-V LED light source coupled to waveguide-integrated WSi single photon detectors for use in advanced computing and on-chip quantum optics experiments.
Voltammetric and Impedimetric Properties of Nano-scaled γ-Fe2O3 Catalysts Supported on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Catalytic Detection of Dopamine (2010)

The electron transfer and electrocatalytic proiperties of iron oxide nanoparticle (γ-Fe2O3) catalysts supported on MWCNTs are described. The MWCNT-Fe2O3 and its electrodes were successfully characterised with FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, EDX, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The MWCNT-Fe2O3 based electrodes demonstrated fastest electron transport and current response towards DA compared to other electrodes studied, giving a catalytic rate constant of 16.4 x 105 cm3mol-1s-1, sensitivity of 0.026 AM-1 and limit of detection of 3.3 x 10-7 M. The electrode may be potentially useful for the detection of DA in real drug sample analysis.
Trehalose and glycogen accumulation is related to the duration of the G1phase ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

Several factors may control trehalose and glycogen synthesis, like the glucose flux, the growth rate, the intracellular glucose-6-phosphate level and the glucose concentration in the medium. Here, the possible relation of these putative inducers to reserve carbohydrate accumulation was studied under well-defined growth conditions in nitrogen-limited continuous cultures. We showed that the amounts of accumulated trehalose and glycogen were regulated by the growth rate imposed on the culture, whereas other implicated inducers did not exhibit a correlation with reserve carbohydrate accumulation. Trehalose accumulation was induced at a dilution rate (D)</=0.10 h(-1), whereas glycogen accumulation gradually increased at decreasing growth rates. The growth rate dependency of trehalose accumulation was supported by studies in cells overexpressing the G(1)-cyclin CLN3. The trehalose level appeared to be dependent on the duration of the G(1) phase, as trehalose was only accumulated at a G(1) phase duration of more than 5 h in both wild-type and CLN3-overexpressing cells. On the other hand, the glycogen level was reduced by CLN3 overexpression in a cell cycle-independent manner. A possible regulatory mechanism that links trehalose and glycogen accumulation to the growth rate is discussed.
Achieving dynamic behaviour and thermal expansion in the organic solid state via co-crystallization (2015)

Thermal expansion involves a response of a material to an external stimulus that typically involves an increase in a crystallographic axis (positive thermal expansion (PTE)), although shrinking with applied heat (negative thermal expansion (NTE)) is known in rarer cases. Here, we demonstrate a means to achieve dynamic molecular motion and thermal expansions in organic solids <i>via</i> co-crystallizations. One co-crystal component is known to exhibit dynamic behaviour in the solid state while the second, when varied systematically, affords co-crystals with linear thermal expansion coefficients that range from colossal to nearly zero. Two co-crystals exhibit rare NTE. We expect the approach to guide the design of molecular solids that enable predesigned motion related to thermal expansion processes.
Should FPGAS abandon the pass-gate? (2013)

Pass-transistors have been the key building block for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuitry for many years due to the very small switch they enable. However, passtransistor performance and reliability have been degrading with technology scaling. Transmission gates are an alternative to pass-transistors; while larger, they are more robust. We develop a new FPGA circuit optimization flow and use it to investigate the area, delay and power impact of building FPGAs out of transmission gates instead of pass-transistors in a 22nm process. Our results show that transmission gate FPGAs are 15% larger than pass-transistor FPGAs but are 10-25% faster depending on the allowable level of “gate boosting”. Without gate boosting, transmission gate FPGAs are the better option with 14% lower area-delay product. If 200mV of gate boosting is possible however, pass-transistor FPGAs remain the slightly better choice with a 2% better area-delay product. We also show that transmission gates with a separate power supply for their gate terminal enable a low-voltage FPGA with 50% less power and good delay.
Low energy ion implantation into SOI substrates (2002)

Low energy ion implantation into silicon-on-insulator substrates will play a crucial role in the drive towards manufacturing ultra-shallow junctions. There is however a relative paucity of published material in this key area. In this work, the implantation and diffusion characteristics of boron and arsenic into thin UNIBOND <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> SOI wafers have been investigated, as a function of energy, dose and thermal budget. Implants were carried out on an Applied Materials Quantum LEAP ion implanter, and subsequent RTP was undertaken on the Centura annealer. Implant energies were in the range 200eV-5keV for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> B+, and 1keV-10keV for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">75</sup> As <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> . Electrical measurements were used to quantify the degree of dopant activation in implanted SOI wafers and these results were then compared to the values generated by identical low energy implants into bulk silicon. Dopant depth profiles were obtained using dynamic SIMS analysis of both as-implanted and annealed samples, with particular attention paid to identifying segregation of dopants at the buried interfaces.
Search for Displaced Leptons in s=13  TeV pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector (2021)

A search for charged leptons with large impact parameters using 139 fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13 TeV pp collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented, addressing a long-standing gap in coverage of possible new physics signatures. Results are consistent with the background prediction. This search provides unique sensitivity to long-lived scalar supersymmetric lepton partners (sleptons). For lifetimes of 0.1 ns, selectron, smuon, and stau masses up to 720, 680, and 340 GeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level, drastically improving on the previous best limits from LEP.
Differential sensitivity of virgin and memory T lymphocytes to calcium ionophores suggests a buoyant density separation method and a model for memory cell hyporesponsiveness to Con A (1991)

Previous work from this laboratory has indicated that murine memory T cells differ from virgin T cells in that the former are more resistant to agents that alter intracellular [Ca]i. We have used this difference to devise a method for separating virgin from memory T cells by centrifugation over an ionomycin-containing Percoll step gradient after brief exposure to 2 microM ionomycin. Under these conditions, those T cells that are most sensitive to ionomycin-induced changes in [Ca]i become more dense and therefore travel further into the Percoll/ionomycin gradient than cells that are more resistant to ionomycin. We show that the ionomycin-resistant cell population is enriched for cells that express high levels of Pgp-1 (CD44), and low levels of CD45RB, and thus appears to consist largely of memory T cells. Both CD4 and CD8 cells can be divided into Pgp-1hi and Pgp-1lo subsets in this way. Cells recovered from such a gradient and washed to remove the ionomycin appear normally functional, i.e., neither more nor less responsive to mitogens and costimuli than untreated cells. Limiting dilution methods show that the ionomycin-sensitive (virgin) subset contains most of the Con A-responsive precursors for cytotoxicity, and most of the cells able to produce IL-2 in responses to Con A or staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Ag-specific helper memory cells are, however, found predominantly in the ionomycin-resistant fraction of the spleen and draining lymph nodes of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Changes in resistance to calcium signal development may represent a fundamental distinction between virgin and memory T cells, and could contribute to differences in activation requirements between these two cell subsets.
Reviews (1990)

Abstract Harold Brookfield and Piers Blaikie: Land Degradation and Society. London: Methuen, 1987. Calestous Juma: The Gene Hunters: Biotechnology and the Scramble for Seeds. London: Zed Books, and New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989. Kenichi Miyamoto: Kankyo no Keizaigaku (Economics of Environment), Tokyo: Iwanamishoten, 1989.
Synthesis of 3H‐ and 2H4‐labelled versions of the hypoxia‐activated pre‐prodrug 2‐[(2‐bromoethyl)‐2,4‐dinitro‐6‐ [[[2‐(phosphonooxy)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]anilino]ethyl methanesulfonate (PR‐104) (2007)

Abstract 3 H‐ and 2 H 4 ‐versions of the hypoxia‐activated pre‐prodrug PR‐104 [2‐[(2‐bromoethyl)‐2,4‐dinitro‐6‐[[[2‐(phosphonooxy)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]anilino]ethyl methanesulfonate], labelled in the ethylcarboxamide side chain, have been prepared, respectively, by [ 3 H]NaBH 4 reduction of a precursor late stage aldehyde, and by late stage incorporation of deuterium with 2‐amino[1,1,2,2‐ 2 H 4 ]ethanol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The KnowRef Coreference Corpus: Removing Gender and Number Cues for Difficult Pronominal Anaphora Resolution (2018)

We introduce a new benchmark for coreference resolution and NLI, KnowRef, that targets common-sense understanding and world knowledge. Previous coreference resolution tasks can largely be solved by exploiting the number and gender of the antecedents, or have been handcrafted and do not reflect the diversity of naturally occurring text. We present a corpus of over 8,000 annotated text passages with ambiguous pronominal anaphora. These instances are both challenging and realistic. We show that various coreference systems, whether rule-based, feature-rich, or neural, perform significantly worse on the task than humans, who display high inter-annotator agreement. To explain this performance gap, we show empirically that state-of-the art models often fail to capture context, instead relying on the gender or number of candidate antecedents to make a decision. We then use problem-specific insights to propose a data-augmentation trick called antecedent switching to alleviate this tendency in models. Finally, we show that antecedent switching yields promising results on other tasks as well: we use it to achieve state-of-the-art results on the GAP coreference task.