gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in producing knockout models for xenotransplantation by nuclear transfer (2002)

The pig is thought to be the most suitable non-human organ source for xenotransplantation. However, one of the major constraints to using pig organs for xenotransplantation is human natural antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection (HAR). Elimination of alpha(1, 3) galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) from the pig is expected to be a solution to the problem of hyperacute and delayed vascular rejection. Based on the extensive efforts made in characterization of GGTA1 in structure and function, improvement in the technique of DNA transfection of somatic cells and optimization of the pig nuclear transfer (NT) procedures, a specific modification has been made to one copy of the GGTA1 gene thus rendering it non-functional. When homozygosity of the genetic modification is achieved, this will allow concentrated efforts to address the role of galalpha(1, 3) gal specific natural antibody in HAR, acute vascular rejection and to examine the efficacy of xenotransplantation in a non-human primate model without HAR confounding the experiments. Since swine are widely used as models of human disease, the ability to make specific genetic modifications to swine as described here is predicted to have a large impact not only on production agriculture but also on biomedicine.
Formation of 1-octen-3-ol from Aspergillus flavus conidia is accelerated after disruption of cells independently of Ppo oxygenases, and is not a main cause of inhibition of germination (2014)

Eight-carbon (C8) volatiles, such as 1-octen-3-ol, are ubiquitous among fungi. They are the volatiles critical for aroma and flavor of fungi, and assumed to be signals controlling germination of several fungi. In this study, we found that intact Aspergillus flavus conidia scarcely synthesized C8 volatiles but repeated freeze-thaw treatment that made the cell membrane permeable promoted (R)-1-octen-3-ol formation. Loss or down regulation of any one of five fatty acid oxygenases (PpoA, PpoB, PpoC, PpoD or lipoxygenase) hypothesized contribute to 1-octen-3-ol formation had little impact on production of this volatile. This suggested that none of the oxygenases were directly involved in the formation of 1-octen-3-ol or that compensatory pathways exist in the fungus. Germination of the conidia was markedly inhibited at high density (1.0 × 10(9)spores mL(-1)). It has been postulated that 1-octen-3-ol is an autoinhibitor suppressing conidia germination at high density. 1-Octen-3-ol at concentration of no less than 10 mM was needed to suppress the germination while the concentration of 1-octen-3-ol in the suspension at 1.0 × 10(9) mL(-1) was under the detection limit (<1 µM). Thus, 1-octen-3-ol was not the principal component responsible for inhibition of germination. Instead, it was evident that the other heat-labile factor(s) suppressed conidial germination.
A patent review of adaptor associated kinase 1 (AAK1) inhibitors (2013-present) (2021)

The promise of AAK1 as drug target for the treatment of neuropathic pain stimulated the search for AAK1 inhibitors. However, only two companies (i.e. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals and Bristol Myers Squibb) seemed to be active in this field and filed patent applications in the last few years. The most promising congeners showed promising <i>in vitro</i> activity in a variety of AAK1-related assays. Moreover, selected compounds were also endowed with <i>in vivo</i> activity in various preclinical animal models for neuropathic pain.
New one-pot multistep process with multifunctional catalysts: decreasing the E factor in the synthesis of fine chemicals (2009)

The synthesis of a series of fine chemicals (4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 4-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3,1,1]hept-2-en-2-yl)-2-butanone, and 2-cyclopentylcylopentanone) has been performed through a simple process that involves one-pot multi-step reactions (condensation–dehydration–reduction) using multifunctional base–acid-metal catalysts. The E factor for the specific process, as well as for the global process that includes the manufacturing of the reactants, has been calculated and compared with those obtained using conventional methods. In various cases, it is demonstrated that by means of process intensification with multifunctional solid catalysts, it is possible to decrease the E factor by one order of magnitude or more with respect to any of the manufacturing routes reported to date.
Analysis of pesticides on or in fruit by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2004)

Pesticides are a key component in protecting crops and producing the quantity of food required by today's world population. However, since excessive concentrations pose a threat to human health, the USA sets strict tolerance levels to ensure public safety. Unfortunately, many other countries ignore these regulations and imported food exceeding these levels or contaminated with banned pesticides is a common occurrence. Furthermore, rapid chemical analysis of pesticide residues is unavailable, and only a very small fraction of foods are inspected. The greatest concern is fruit, for which an estimated 12 million tons were imported in 2003. In an effort to address this need, we have been developing a simple and rapid procedure to analyze for pesticides on fruit surfaces or in the juice of fruits. The procedure employs metal-doped sol-gel filled capillaries that both chemically extracts the pesticide and generates surface-enhanced Raman spectra when irradiated. The SERS-active capillaries, sensitivity, and preliminary fruit analyses are presented.
Prompt and non-prompt $$\hbox {J}/\psi $$ J / ψ production and nuclear modification at mid-rapidity in p–Pb collisions at $$\mathbf{\sqrt{{ s}_{\text {NN}}}= 5.02}$$ s NN = 5.02 TeV (2018)

A measurement of beauty hadron production at mid-rapidity in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy s NN = 5.02 TeV is presented. The semi-inclusive decay channel of beauty hadrons into J/ is considered, where the J/ mesons are reconstructed in the dielectron decay channel at mid-rapidity down to transverse momenta of 1.3 GeV/c. The bb production cross section at mid-rapidity, d bb /dy, and the total cross section extrapolated over full phase space, b b, are obtained. This measurement is combined with results on inclusive J/ production to determine the prompt J/ cross sections. The results in p-Pb collisions are then scaled to expectations from pp collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy to derive the nuclear modification factor R pPb , and compared to models to study possible nuclear modifications of the production induced by cold nuclear matter effects. R pPb is found to be smaller than unity at low p T for both J/ coming from beauty hadron decays and prompt J/ .
Selective hydrogenation of higher saturated carboxylic acids to alcohols using a ReOx–Pd/SiO2 catalyst (2012)

Higher fatty alcohols were synthesized in high yield (>92%) by direct hydrogenation of fatty acids catalyzed by ReOx–Pd/SiO2. High catalytic performance of ReOx–Pd/SiO2 can be generated by the synergy between ReOx and Pd. Preferential adsorption of the carboxylic acid to alcohols prohibited the overreaction of alcohols to alkanes.
Non-Invasive Radiation Pattern Measurement of Electrically Small antenna using Fiber Optic Link (2011)

International audience
Association of Hepatitis C Virus Replication with the Catecholamine Biosynthetic Pathway (2021)

A bidirectional negative relationship between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and gene expression of the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) was previously shown in the liver and attributed at least to an association of DDC with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we report that the biosynthesis and uptake of catecholamines restrict HCV replication in hepatocytes, while HCV has developed ways to reduce catecholamine production. By employing gene silencing, chemical inhibition or induction of the catecholamine biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes and transporters, and by applying the substrates or the products of the respective enzymes, we unravel the role of the different steps of the pathway in viral infection. We also provide evidence that the effect of catecholamines on HCV is strongly related with oxidative stress that is generated by their autoxidation in the cytosol, while antioxidants or treatments that lower cytosolic catecholamine levels positively affect the virus. To counteract the effect of catecholamines, HCV, apart from the already reported effects on DDC, causes the down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis and suppresses dopamine beta-hydroxylase mRNA and protein amounts, while increasing the catecholamine degradation enzyme monoamine oxidase. Moreover, the NS4B viral protein is implicated in the effect of HCV on the ratio of the ~50 kDa DDC monomer and a ~120 kDa DDC complex, while the NS5A protein has a negative effect on total DDC protein levels.
79‐3: Eyewear Display Measurement Method: Entrance Pupil Size Dependence in Measurement Equipment (2016)

Eyewear display measurement and evaluation is based on the light rays directed from the display to the viewer and the entrance pupil of the measuring equipment. The evaluation results show that the pupil size should be smaller than the width of the light rays, found to be effective for correct evaluation and measurement of significant characteristics, such as luminance and its uniformity, in an eyewear display.
VSRR for isotropic absorption and nanophotonic sensor (2017)

Metamaterials have been realized for exotic optical phenomena which can not be found in nature, such as negative refractive index and cloaking. Nowadays, people intend to be more precisely from fundamental physical response to specific functionalities in metamaterials on demand for the development on practical applications, such as optical switches, phase gradient surfaces[1,2], optical modulators, polarizer and wave plate. One of the potential applications is the metamaterial based perfect absorber (MPA)[3]. Due to the strong electromagnetic field confinement arising from surface plasmon resonance, MPA provides a benefitting way for enhancing the efficiency in solar energy capture, nanoplasmonic sensor and bolometer. The commonly utilized structural configuration for MPAs is incorporating a metamaterial array with a perfect reflective mirror separated by a dielectric spacer. Because of the near-field interaction between metamaterials and its mirror images, a strong plasmon field confinement is involved and therefore dramatically enhances the absorption intensity. However, both the electric and magnetic responses play an important role to those of electromagnetic media, especially for the nonlinearity responses. Vertical split-ring resonator (VSRR) attracts a wide interest because it found out that the magnetic reciprocal coupling of incident light [4,5].
A Critical Review of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Potential Adjuvant Agents for Treating People with Cancer (2022)

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases for more than 70 years; they also have immunomodulatory and anticancer effects, which are linked to autophagy and autophagy-independent mechanisms. Herein, we review the pharmacokinetics, preclinical studies and clinical trials investigating the use of CQ and HCQ as adjuvant agents in cancer therapy. We also discuss their safety profile, drug–drug and drug–disease interactions. Systematic studies are required to define the use of CQ/HCQ and/or their analogues in cancer treatment and to identify predictive biomarkers of responder subpopulations.
Automated Synthesis of 3‘-Metalated Oligonucleotides (2001)

We report the first synthesis of a metallonucleoside bound to a solid support and subsequent oligonucleotide synthesis with this precursor. Large-scale syntheses of metal-containing oligonucleotides are achieved using a solid support modified with [Ru(bpy)(2)(impy')](2+) (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine; impy' is 2'-iminomethylpyridyl-2'-deoxyuridine). A duplex formed with the metal-containing oligonucleotide exhibits superior thermal stability when compared to the corresponding unmetalated duplex (T(m) = 50 degrees C vs T(m) = 48 degrees C). Electrochemical (E(1/2) = 1.3 V vs NHE), absorption (lambda(max) = 480 nm), and emission (lambda(max) = 720 nm, tau = 44 ns, Phi = 0.11 x 10(-)(3)) data for the ruthenium-modified oligonucleotides indicate that the presence of the oligonucleotide does not perturb the electronic properties of the ruthenium complex. The absence of any change in the emission properties upon duplex formation suggests that the [Ru(bpy)(2)(impy)](2+) chromophore will be a valuable probe for DNA-mediated electron-transfer studies. Despite the relatively high Ru(III/II) reduction potential, oxidative quenching of photoexcited [Ru(bpy)(2)(impy)](2+) does not lead to oxidative damage of guanine or other DNA bases.
3D-Printed Cathodes of LiMn1-XFexPO4nanocrystals Achieve Both Ultrahigh Rate and High Capacity for Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery (2016)

We developed a 3D-printing technology and printed 3D lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on LiFe 0.79 Mn 0.21 PO 4 @C nanocrystal cathodes to achieve both ultrahigh rate and high capacity. Coin cells with 3D-printedcathodes showed impressive electrochemical performance: a capacity of 108.45mAh g -1 at 100C, and reversible capacities of 150.21and 140.67 mAh g -1 at 10Cand 20C after 1000cycles.APseudo Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model (P2D-HMM) was employed to clarify the relationship between layer number (i.e., thickness) and efficiency porosity of the electrode material and the rate performance and to better understand the mechanism behind both ultrahigh rate and high capacityperformance. The calculations indicate that factors such assolution intrinsic diffusion coefficient, efficiency porosity, and electrode thickness play a dominant role in the equivalent diffusion coefficient with the electrode beyond a certain thickness, which determines the whole kinetic process in LIBs. This fundamental studyshould provide helpful guidance forfuture design of LIBs with both high capacity and rate capability.
Impact of Length Mismatch on the Fatigue Life of Parallel Shape Memory Alloy Wires (2013)

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator wires promise substantial size, weight, and potential cost advantages over their solenoid and electric motor counterparts. Designing actuators which fully realize these advantages is hampered by a limited understanding of how interactions between wires and their environment affect cyclic lifetime. For example, many devices use two SMA wires mechanically in parallel but electrically in series. This has practical advantages in simplified electrical routing and thermal lag. However, it complicates modeling in that wires interact both electrically and mechanically. Here we study the effect of a mismatch in length between two SMA wires in parallel. We perform a series of fatigue experiments to show that mismatch of up to 0.75%, at the chosen set of conditions, has no measurable effect on cycle life. We also perform a series of simulations to show how the mechanical interaction between the two parallel wires tends to suppress, rather than amplify, any impact of length mismatch.
Single sperm analysis of the trinucleotide repeats in the Huntington's disease gene: quantification of the mutation frequency spectrum (1995)

The CAG triplet repeat region of the Huntington's disease gene was amplified in 923 single sperm from three affected and two normal individuals. Average-size alleles (15-18 repeats) showed only three contraction mutations among 475 sperm (0.6%). A 30 repeat normal allele showed an 11% mutation frequency. The mutation frequency of a 36 repeat intermediate allele was 53% with 8% of all gametes having expansions which brought the allele size into the HD disease range (> or = 38 repeats). Disease alleles (38-51 repeats) showed a very high mutation frequency (92-99%). As repeat number increased there was a marked elevation in the frequency of expansions, in the mean number of repeats added per expansion and the size of the largest observed expansion. Contraction frequencies also appeared to increase with allele size but decreased as repeat number exceeded 36. Our sperm typing data are of a discrete nature rather than consisting of smears of PCR product from pooled sperm. This allowed the observed mutation frequency spectra to be compared to the distribution calculated using discrete stochastic models based on current molecular ideas of the expansion process. An excellent fit was found when the model specified that a random number of repeats are added during the progression of the polymerase through the repeated region.
Low temperature selective oxidation of methane to methanol using titania supported gold palladium copper catalysts (2015)

Selective oxidation of methane using AuPdCu/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts.
A service evaluation and stakeholder perspectives of an innovative digital minor illness referral service from NHS 111 to community pharmacy (2020)

DMIRS demonstrated that patients could be referred to community pharmacy for the management of minor conditions, shifting a burden away from urgent and emergency care. The service data provides key information for further optimisation of service design, and stakeholder training and awareness. The service was acceptable and valued by patients. Evidence from the DMIRS pilot has been utilised to inform recent national healthcare policy and practice around the management of minor conditions within the urgent and emergency care setting.
The Observation of Interchain Motion in Self-Assembled Crystalline Platinum(II) Complexes: An Exquisite Case but By No Means the Only One in Molecular Solids (2021)

In organic and organometallic solids, upon electronic excitation, most intermolecular structural relaxations follow a pathway along the π-π stacking direction or metal-metal bond with significant coupling strength. Differently, we discovered that the self-assembled platinum(II) complexes, <b>Pt(fppz)</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>, exhibit an unusual interchain contraction. The ground-state and excited-state multiple local minima were distinguished by temperature-dependent excitation/emission spectra, indicating the existence of multiple local minima. The time-resolved emission decay revealed the excited-state structural relaxation lifetime with τ<sub>obs</sub> = 41 ns at 298 K. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the packing geometries contract 0.6 Å along the interchain direction (<i>a</i>-axis) at 50 K compared to the geometries at 298 K. Such structural displacements render the slow internal conversion rate in the excited states. We thus demonstrate the correlation between the packing geometries and the excited-state dynamics of the self-assembled Pt(II) complexes, shedding light on the unique direction of interchain structural deformation of the molecular aggregates.
Cover Picture: Nanovalves (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2007) (2007)

Abstract Interlocked molecular and supramolecular actuators based on rotaxanes can act as gatekeepers at the entrances to nanopores in silica. Guest dye molecules can then be uploaded and released on demand. These molecular actuators, or nanovalves, reported on p. 685 by Fraser Stoddart, Jeffrey Zink, and co‐workers, can be operated by using a wide range of stimuli, and can be regarded as prototypes for highly controllable drug‐delivery systems. This article features both molecular and supramolecular chemistry involving: i) stimuli‐induced nanoscale movements within mechanically interlocked molecules; ii) the fabrication of mesoporous silica substrates; and iii) the integration of the mechanically interlocked molecular/supramolecular actuators to act as gatekeepers at the entrances to the silica nanopores into which guest dye molecules can be uploaded and released on demand from the mesoporous silica substrates. The supramolecular actuators are based on two [2]pseudorotaxanes—that is, 1:1 complexes that can be dissociated by external inputs, such as acid/base cycles, electrons, and light. The molecular actuators are based on bistable [2]rotaxanes and can be operated mechanically by using either redox chemistry or electrochemistry. After these pseudorotaxanes and bistable rotaxanes have been attached covalently to the orifices of the silica nanopores, stimuli‐controlled mechanical movements within these mechanically interlocked molecules can be harnessed to close and open the nanopores. Therefore, these mechanically interlocked molecules have been employed as nanovalves for controlled sequestering and release of guest dye molecules into and out of the mesoporous silica substrates. These actuators can be regarded as the prototypes of highly controllable drug‐delivery systems.
Identification and Sequencing of β-Myrcene Catabolism Genes from Pseudomonas sp. Strain M1 (1999)

The M1 strain, able to grow on beta-myrcene as the sole carbon and energy source, was isolated by an enrichment culture and identified as a Pseudomonas sp. One beta-myrcene-negative mutant, called N22, obtained by transposon mutagenesis, accumulated (E)-2-methyl-6-methylen-2,7-octadien-1-ol (or myrcen-8-ol) as a unique beta-myrcene biotransformation product. This compound was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We cloned and sequenced the DNA regions flanking the transposon and used these fragments to identify the M1 genomic library clones containing the wild-type copy of the interrupted gene. One of the selected cosmids, containing a 22-kb genomic insert, was able to complement the N22 mutant for growth on beta-myrcene. A 5,370-bp-long sequence spanning the region interrupted by the transposon in the mutant was determined. We identified four open reading frames, named myrA, myrB, myrC, and myrD, which can potentially code for an aldehyde dehydrogenase, an alcohol dehydrogenase, an acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase, and an enoyl-CoA hydratase, respectively. myrA, myrB, and myrC are likely organized in an operon, since they are separated by only 19 and 36 nucleotides (nt), respectively, and no promoter-like sequences have been found in these regions. The myrD gene starts 224 nt upstream of myrA and is divergently transcribed. The myrB sequence was found to be completely identical to the one flanking the transposon in the mutant. Therefore, we could ascertain that the transposon had been inserted inside the myrB gene, in complete agreement with the accumulation of (E)-2-methyl-6-methylen-2,7-octadien-1-ol by the mutant. Based on sequence and biotransformation data, we propose a pathway for beta-myrcene catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. strain M1.
Sterols and Triterpenes from Cucurbita maxima (1979)

From seeds and seedlings of Cucurbita maxima var. True Hubbard several 24α– and 24β–alkyl–Δ7–sterols were isolated. Δ5–sterols were not found. As sole pentacyclic triterpenes both α– and β–amyrin were present in this plant.
Acoustic waveguides: in practice (1993)

Following a brief description of acoustic wave guide theory and important design issures, a series of measurement and simulation results is presented, demonstrating waveguide performance relative to two commonly used horn types