gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting UAV Cellular Communications through Massive MIMO (2018)

In this article, we provide a much-needed study of UAV cellular communications, focusing on the rates achievable for the UAV downlink command and control (C&C) channel. For this key performance indicator, we perform a realistic comparison between existing deployments operating in single-user mode and next-generation multi- user massive MIMO systems. We find that in single-user deployments under heavy data traffic, UAVs flying at 50m, 150m, and 300m achieve the C&C target rate of 100 kbps - as set by the 3GPP - in a mere 35%, 2%, and 1% of the cases, respectively. Owing to a mitigated interference, a stronger carrier signal, and a spatial multiplexing gain, massive MIMO systems can dramatically increase such reliability. Indeed, we show that for UAV heights up to 300m the target rate is met with massive MIMO in 74% and 96% of the cases with and without pilot reuse, respectively. On the other hand, the presence of UAVs can significantly degrade the performance of GUEs, whose pilot signals are vulnerable to UAV-generated contamination and require protection through uplink power control.
Acoustoelasticity in soft solids: Assessment of the nonlinear shear modulus with the acoustic radiation force (2007)

The assessment of viscoelastic properties of soft tissues is enjoying a growing interest in the field of medical imaging as pathologies are often correlated with a local change of stiffness. To date, advanced techniques in that field have been concentrating on the estimation of the second order elastic modulus (mu). In this paper, the nonlinear behavior of quasi-incompressible soft solids is investigated using the supersonic shear imaging technique based on the remote generation of polarized plane shear waves in tissues induced by the acoustic radiation force. Applying a theoretical approach of the strain energy in soft solid [Hamilton et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 41-44 (2004)], it is shown that the well-known acoustoelasticity experiment allowing the recovery of higher order elastic moduli can be greatly simplified. Experimentally, it requires measurements of the local speed of polarized plane shear waves in a statically and uniaxially stressed isotropic medium. These shear wave speed estimates are obtained by imaging the shear wave propagation in soft media with an ultrafast echographic scanner. In this situation, the uniaxial static stress induces anisotropy due to the nonlinear effects and results in a change of shear wave speed. Then the third order elastic modulus (A) is measured in agar-gelatin-based phantoms and polyvinyl alcohol based phantoms.
Novel Calcium Half-Sandwich Complexes for the Living and Stereoselective Polymerization of Styrene (2001)

Taktik und Taktizität: Der erste wohldefinierte heteroleptische Benzyl-Calcium-Komplex (siehe Struktur) initiiert die lebende Polymerisation von Styrol. Die Kontrolle der Kettenenden führt zu einem mit syndiotaktischen Sequenzen angereicherten Polymer. Stereofehler kommen durch die schnelle Inversion der chiralen carbanionischen Kettenenden zustande, wobei eine Erhöhung der Styrolkonzentration die Insertion beschleunigt und zu einer beachtlichen Abnahme der Stereofehler führt.
Remote visualization: challenges and opportunities (1991)

This paper emphasizes the need for and importance of remote visualization. The potential impact of remote visualization on application algorithms, communication protocols, and underlying networks is assessed. Opportunities for research and development to support remote visualization in the context of the National Research and Education network are outlined. >
Multi-View Reconstruction and Camera Recovery using a Real or Virtual Reference Plane (2003)

Reconstructing a 3-dimensional scene from a set of2-dimensional images is a fundamental problem in computervision. A system capable of performing this task can be used inmany applications in robotics, architecture, archaeology,biometrics, human computer interaction and the movie andentertainment industry. Most existing reconstruction approaches exploit one sourceof information to tackle the problem. This is the motion of thecamera, the 2D images are taken from different viewpoints. Weexploit an additional information source, the reference plane,which makes it possible to reconstruct difficult scenes whereother methods fail. A real scene plane may serve as thereference plane. Furthermore, there are many alternativetechniques to obtain virtual reference planes. For instance,orthogonal directions in the scene provide a virtual referenceplane, the plane at infinity, or images taken with a parallelprojection camera. A collection of known and novel referenceplane scenarios is presented in this thesis. The main contribution of the thesis is a novel multi-viewreconstruction approach using a reference plane. The techniqueis applicable to three different feature types, points, linesand planes. The novelty of our approach is that all cameras andall features (off the reference plane) are reconstructedsimultaneously from a single linear system of imagemeasurements. It is based on the novel observation that camerasand features have a linear relationship if a reference plane isknown. In the absence of a reference plane, this relationshipis non-linear. Thus many previousmethods must reconstructfeatures and cameras sequentially. Another class of methods,popular in the literature, is factorization, but, in contrastto our approach, this has the serious practical drawback thatall features are required to be visible in all views. Extensiveexperiments show that our approach is superior to allpreviously suggested reference plane and non-reference planemethods for difficult reference plane scenarios. Furthermore, the thesis studies scenes which do not have aunique reconstruction, so-called critical configurations. It isproven that in the presence of a reference plane the set ofcritical configurations is small. Finally, the thesis introduces a complete, automaticmulti-view reconstruction system based on the reference planeapproach. The input data is a set of images and the output a 3Dpoint reconstruction together with the correspondingcameras.
Noninvasive Genomics of Gombe Chimpanzees: Evaluating Methods for Wild Primate Populations Genomics (2019)

While studies of individual DNA markers have improved our understanding of behavior, ecology, and evolution, recent advances in sequencing make it possible to incorporate information from across the entire genome, giving unprecedented insight into the population history of non-model species. However, for many species, it is impossible to legally, ethically, or logistically to obtain high quality tissue samples required for genomic analyses. In this study, we evaluate the success of several sources of host DNA and capture methods in generating genome-scale data in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We extracted and captured endogenous DNA in feces, dental calculus, dentin, and urine using both whole-genome capture and targeted exome capture. We found that urine harbors significantly more endogenous DNA (mean = 96.5%) than other sources (feces mean = 44.9%; calculus mean = 38.3%; ANOVA: F(3,22) = 146.7; p = 1.08 x 10-14). Further, we found that while whole-genome capture is possible, it is not cost effective in feces and calculus because of the high abundance of microbial DNA. Exome sequencing, on the other hand, led to 20-fold enrichment of coding targets compared to whole-genome capture in feces. However, compared to feces, exome capture from urine was far more successful and provided more complete coverage of the coding region of the chimpanzee genome (urine: 94.3% of coding sites were callable; feces: 14.9% of coding sites were callable). We discuss the utility of targeted capture and the promise of urine for wild primate genomics.
A method to acquire non-censored rib fracture data during dynamic belt loading tests (2004)

The purpose of this paper is to present a method to determine the timing of all rib fractures individually during dynamic chest compression tests on human cadavers. The technique utilizes a total of 47 strain gages placed throughout each thorax. Using a combination of single and rosette gages, ribs one and nine through 12 have single gages, while ribs two through eight have multiple gages in order to isolate fracture timing in the case of multiple fractures per rib. For this study, two human cadavers (1 male, 1 female) were instrumented with the 47 strain gage array and tested. In order to simulate thoracic loading from a severe car crash, a table-top belt loading device was developed that utilizes a servo-hydraulic test machine to apply a dynamic input. The belt was positioned diagonally across each thorax in a passenger side orientation. For each cadaver, the belt load pulse was configured to result in 40% chest compression through a 150 ms load and unload cycle. Potentiometers and accelerometers measured the chest compression and acceleration at three locations, load cells in line with the belt provided belt loads, and load cells on the posterior side of the thorax measured the reaction loads. The time histories of each strain gage were analyzed to determine the time of fracture which could then be compared directly to the reaction loads and chest displacements at that exact time, thereby creating a non-censored data set. In both cadavers, all fractures (20 for female and 12 for male) occurred within the first 35% compression of the thorax. As a general trend, the first series of fractures were on the left side of the thorax where the belt passed over the abdominal region. The peak strain at failure ranged from 1.1 % to 2.5 %. By utilizing this technique, the exact timing of an injury level can be characterized relative to the mechanical parameters. For example, using rib fractures as the parameter for AIS scores in the female test, it is shown that AIS 1 injury occurs at a chest compression of 21%, AIS 2 at 22%, AIS 3 at 24 %, and AIS 4 at 34%. It is expected that this information will augment and clarify the foundation of thoracic injury risk functions. INTRODUCTION ll previous studies aimed at determining thoracic injury criteria generally rely on the same set of cadaver impact tests. These tests all provide censored injury data. In other words, it is not possible to determine the exact loads, accelerations, or displacements at the time of fracture. Rather, one only knows that an injury occurred at some point during the impact test. In order to reduce this limitation, this study presents a method to generate noncensored rib fracture data. Although previous studies have shown the ability to detect selected rib fractures, no method has been successful at mapping the exact fracture timing of the entire thorax during dynamic belt loading. A Injury Biomechanics Research
Stepwise vs. concerted pathways in scandium ion-coupled electron transfer from superoxide ion to p-benzoquinone derivatives (2011)

Superoxide ion (O2˙-) forms a stable 1 : 1 complex with scandium hexamethylphosphoric triamide complex [Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+)], which can be detected in solution by ESR spectroscopy. Electron transfer from O2˙- -Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) complex to a series of p-benzoquinone derivatives occurs, accompanied by binding of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) to the corresponding semiquinone radical anion complex to produce the semiquinone radical anion-Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) complexes. The 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes between semiquinone radical anions and Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) depending on the type of semiquinone radical anions were detected by ESR measurements. This is defined as Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+)-coupled electron transfer. There are two reaction pathways in the Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+)-coupled electron transfer. One is a stepwise pathway in which the binding of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) to semiquinone radical anions occurs after the electron transfer, when the rate of electron transfer remains constant with the change in concentration of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+). The other is a concerted pathway in which electron transfer and the binding of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) occurs in a concerted manner, when the rates of electron transfer exhibit first-order and second-order dependence on the concentration of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) depending the number of Sc(HMPA)(3)(3+) (one and two) bound to semiquinone radical anions. The contribution of two pathways changes depending on the substituents on p-benzoquinone derivatives. The present study provides the first example to clarify the kinetics and mechanism of metal ion-coupled electron-transfer reactions of the superoxide ion.
Latency Minimization for Content Delivery Networks with Wireless Edge Caching (2018)

Edge-caching has received much attention as an efficient technique to reduce delivery latency and network congestion during peak-traffic times by bringing data closer to end users. In this paper, we investigate the latency performance of content delivery networks with the aid of edge-caching, in which a data centre is serving the users via a shared wireless medium. Firstly, we derive a cache placement design which minimizes the average (buffering) latency during the delivery phase. It is found that the derived placement solution differs from the conventional placement method for throughput minimization. Secondly, for a given cache placement scheme, we optimize the signal transmission in the delivery phase taking into consideration the cached content to minimize the average user latency. Particularly, two optimization problems based on zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) designs are formulated subject to requesting rate and transmit power constraints. To deal with the non-convexity of the MMSE problem, an iterative algorithm is proposed that approximates the non-convex constraint by its first-order approximation. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.
Hypercapnic respiratory failure in a patient with nemaline myopathy (2023)

Neuromuscular diseases are often associated with a range of respiratory complications, presenting both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for pulmonologists. The aim of this article is to discuss search of genetic causes and means of respiratory support in case of a man who was diagnosed with NM after 50 years of age. The selected diagnostic and treatment algorithms allowed for successful control of the patient’s condition for 4 years. Whole exome sequencing identified nemaline myopathy (NM), a rare genetically-determined skeletal muscle pathology. Respiratory failure syndrome is considered a life-threatening condition in NM. The severity and characteristics of the clinical course vary depending on the specific mutations. The typical course of NM is characterized by generalized, slowly progressive myopathy, and the manifestation of respiratory failure may be triggered by comorbidities. Conclusion . The course and management of respiratory failure in NM are poorly understood. Whole exome sequencing made it possible to establish genetic diagnosis, evaluate prognosis and the contribution of comorbidities to the patient’s condition. Noninvasive ventilation compensated the respiratory failure and resolved the symptoms of right ventricular heart failure.
Effects of packaging and process spread on a mobility-based frequency reference in 0.16-&#x03BC;m CMOS (2011)

In this paper, we explore the robustness of frequency references based on the electron mobility in a MOS transistor by implementing them with both thin-oxide and thick-oxide MOS transistors in a 0.16-μm CMOS process, and by testing samples packaged in both ceramic and plastic packages. The proposed low-voltage low-power circuit requires no off-chip components, making it suitable for applications requiring fully integrated solutions, such as Wireless Sensor Networks. Over the temperature range from -55°C to 125°C, its frequency spread is less than ±1% (3σ) after a one-point trim. Fabricated in a baseline 0.16-μm CMOS process, the 50 kHz frequency reference occupies 0.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and, at room temperature, its consumption with a 1.2-V supply is less than 17 μW.
Unconventional methods for forming nanopatterns (2006)

Nanostructured materials have become an increasingly important theme in research, in no small part due to the potential impacts this science holds for applications in technology, including such notable areas as sensors, medicine, and high-performance integrated circuits. Conventional methods, such as the top-down approaches of projection lithography and scanning beam lithography, have been the primary means for patterning materials at the nanoscale. This article provides an overview of unconventional methods - both top-down and bottom-up approaches - for generating nanoscale patterns in a variety of materials, including methods that can be applied to fragile molecular systems that are difficult to pattern using conventional lithographic techniques. The promise, recent progress, advantages, limitations, and challenges to future development associated with each of these unconventional lithographic techniques will be discussed with consideration given to their potential for use in large-scale manufacturing.
Synergistic effect of IL-3 and IL-6 on highly enriched murine hemopoietic progenitors. (1992)

It has been reported that interleukin 6 (IL-6) acts on hemopoietic stem cells in synergism with interleukin 3 (IL-3), but it has not yet been clarified whether IL-6 acts directly on the stem cells or not. To investigate the mechanism of the synergism between IL-3 and IL-6, we sorted hemopoietic stem cells from untreated murine bone marrow cells using a two-laser fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Cells negative for the lymphohemopoietic lineage (lineage-negative, Lin-), with a high affinity to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA+), and showing a low expression of Thy-1 antigen (Thy-1low) were sorted and analyzed by in vitro and in vivo colony formation. This fraction was 0.4% of the total mononuclear bone marrow cells. Approximately 25% of these Lin-WGA+Thy-1low cells showed in vitro colony formation, whereas approximately 1% of them formed day-8 and day-12 spleen colonies. Thus, it appears that the Lin-WGA+Thy-1low cells were a highly enriched stem cell population. By FACS clone sorting, single cells were isolated from the enriched stem cell fraction and cultured in semisolid or liquid culture systems. Addition of IL-6 to methylcellulose medium containing IL-3 did not significantly increase the number of colonies. It is thus suggested that the target cells of IL-3 and IL-6 are the same as those of IL-3. The secondary colony-forming ability of primary colonies that developed in the presence of IL-6 and IL-3 was higher than that of colonies formed in the presence of IL-3 alone. In correspondence with this finding, the numbers of myeloid colonies and spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) were increased by the incubation of these sorted cells for 7 days with IL-6 and IL-3 when compared with the effect of IL-3 alone. Therefore, it is concluded that IL-6 acts directly on hemopoietic stem cells to enhance their proliferation.
Single- and few-moded lithium aluminosilicate optical fiber for athermal Brillouin strain sensing (2015)

Results are presented toward realizing a true single-mode fiber whose Brillouin frequency shift is independent of temperature, while its dependence on strain is comparable to conventional high-silica-content single-mode fibers. Demonstrated here is a fiber with a negative thermal sensitivity dν/dT of -0.26 MHz/K and a strain sensitivity of +406 MHz/%. The suppression of the Brillouin thermal response is enabled by the large thermal expansion coefficient of the group I oxide-containing silica glass network.
Negotiation-Aware Reachability-Based Safety Verification for AutonomousDriving in Interactive Scenarios (2021)

Safety assurance is a critical yet challenging aspect when developing self-driving technologies. Hamilton-Jacobi backward-reachability analysis is a formal verification tool for verifying the safety of dynamic systems in the presence of disturbances. However, the standard approach is too conservative to be applied to self-driving applications due to its worst-case assumption on humans' behaviors (i.e., guard against worst-case outcomes). In this work, we integrate a learning-based prediction algorithm and a game-theoretic human behavioral model to online update the conservativeness of backward-reachability analysis. We evaluate our approach using real driving data. The results show that, with reasonable assumptions on human behaviors, our approach can effectively reduce the conservativeness of the standard approach without sacrificing its safety verification ability.
Progress, status, and prospects of superconducting qubits for quantum computing (2016)

Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize information technology as we know it by solving certain relevant and interesting problems, using fundamentally fewer resources (number of computational steps) compared with even the fastest supercomputers. While critical aspects of quantum computing are being demonstrated in laboratories across the world, a fully functional and practical quantum computer is still many years away. It therefore becomes of great interest to discover applications of small-scale quantum computers which are the subject of current theoretical and experimental research. In order to facilitate access to small quantum computers, IBM recently announced the IBM Quantum Experience which provides access to a 5-qubit quantum processor as a stepping stone for the community as a whole to continue learning and discovering the full potential of quantum computing.
VADER: Video Alignment Differencing and Retrieval (2023)

We propose VADER, a spatio-temporal matching, alignment, and change summarization method to help fight misinformation spread via manipulated videos. VADER matches and coarsely aligns partial video fragments to candidate videos using a robust visual descriptor and scalable search over adaptively chunked video content. A transformer-based alignment module then refines the temporal localization of the query fragment within the matched video. A space-time comparator module identifies regions of manipulation between aligned content, invariant to any changes due to any residual temporal misalignments or artifacts arising from non-editorial changes of the content. Robustly matching video to a trusted source enables conclusions to be drawn on video provenance, enabling informed trust decisions on content encountered.