gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5nm CMOS Production Technology Platform featuring full-fledged EUV, and High Mobility Channel FinFETs with densest 0.021µm2 SRAM cells for Mobile SoC and High Performance Computing Applications (2019)

A leading edge 5nm CMOS platform technology has been defined and optimized for mobile and HPC applications. This industry-leading 5nm technology features, for the first time, full-fledged EUV, and high mobility channel (HMC) finFETs with densest 0.021µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> HD SRAM. This true 5nm CMOS platform technology is a full node scaling from our successful 7nm node [4] in offering ~1.84x logic density, 15% speed gain or 30% power reduction. The 5nm platform technology successfully passed qualification [3] with consistently high yielding 256Mb HD/HC SRAM, and large logic test chip consisting of CPU/GPU/SoC blocks. Currently in risk production, this true 5nm platform technology is on schedule for high volume production in 1H 2020.
Comparison of genomic instability test scores used for predicting PARP activity in ovarian cancer. (2020)

1586 Background: Clinical trials have explored the utility of various genomic instability (GI) scores or gene panels to assess deficiencies in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway and support PARP inhibitor use in ovarian cancer; however, these methods of assessing homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may not be equivalent. The myChoice HRD test is the only analytically and clinically validated, FDA-approved HRD test that includes BRCA1/2 mutation status and three measures of GI. We compared the proportion of patients identified as candidates for PARP inhibitor use by two measures of HRD [percent loss of heterozygosity (%LOH), 11-gene panel] to myChoice HRD. Methods: Whole-genome SNP analysis was used to reconstruct ovarian tumor genomic profiles to calculate the myChoice HRD score and %LOH in 2 cohorts (clinical laboratory cohort, N = 3,278; SCOTROC4 trial, N = 248). Mutation screening for a set of 11 genes in the HR pathway ( ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D) was performed for a subset of tumors from the SCOTROC trial (n = 187). Samples were considered positive if the myChoice HRD score was above the threshold (threshold scores of 42 and 33 were assessed), %LOH above the threshold (16%), or a pathogenic variant in one of the 11 HR genes. The correlation between positive results from %LOH and the 11-gene panel were compared to myChoice HRD. Percent positive agreement (PPA) was the proportion of positive test results from myChoice HRD that were also positive by %LOH or the 11-gene panel. Results: The table shows the correlation and PPA between myChoice HRD, %LOH, and the 11-gene panel. Overall, 19%-61% of patients identified as positive by myChoice HRD would have been missed by %LOH or the 11-gene panel in these two cohorts. Conclusions: These data show that HRD tests used in published and ongoing clinical trials are not equivalent, and they should not be considered interchangeable in predicting PARP inhibitor response in clinical practice. [Table: see text]
The NADPH: Sulfite Reductase of Escherichia coli is a Paraquat Reductase (1994)

The NADPH:sulfite reductase of Escherichia coli is a soluble enzyme that has a subunit structure alpha 8 beta 4, where the alpha subunit is a flavoprotein and the beta subunit is a metalloprotein. Overexpression of the holoenzyme in E. coli has greatly simplified the purification of this enzyme. Under aerobic conditions, recombinant sulfite reductase catalyzes the reduction of 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat) by NADPH, with Km values for paraquat and NADPH of approximately 70 microM and 80 microM, respectively. Since pure flavoprotein alpha subunit, encoded by the cysJ gene, has similar catalytic activities, it is suggested that paraquat receives electrons directly from the alpha subunit. A mutant strain lacking an active cysJ gene is resistant to paraquat. The NADPH:ferredoxin reductase of E. coli is also a paraquat reductase but with much higher Km values for paraquat and lower enzyme activities. These results suggest that the sulfite reductase is a major paraquat reductase in E. coli and is responsible for the toxic activation of the drug.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of Thermosensitive Ga2O3 Nanorods (2016)

Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanorods were prepared by ultrasonic irradiation of molten gallium in warm water to form α-GaO(OH). This precursor was then subjected to calcination in air at 600 °C for 3 h to form β-Ga2O3, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs revealed the formation of well-organized nanotubes/nanorods with homogeneous size distribution. The average length of the β-Ga2O3 nanorods was affected by the temperature of the water during sonication, decreasing from 480 to 72 nm with an increase in the temperature from 25 to 50 °C. A sharp decline in the particle size was also observed when the temperature was above 35 °C. The catalytic activity of the β-Ga2O3 nanorods was examined, as a model, during the dehydration reaction of xylose to furfural. Furfural is a versatile biomass-derived platform compound used for the synthesis of several strategic chemicals. This nanoscale catalyst has a large surface area, which enhances its catalytic activity and enables it to completely convert xylose to furfural at 150 °C within 12 h without any trace of byproducts, as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 1H NMR. The XRD pattern of the used β-Ga2O3 nanorods was identical to that of pristine Ga2O3, indicating the possible reusability of this catalyst. β-Ga2O3 was reused for more reduction cycles, with similar results to the freshly prepared β-Ga2O3. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the selectivity of furfural is up to 94% compared to the 30% obtained with GaO(OH) as a catalyst.
Evaluation of Microwave Vacuum Drying as an Alternative to Freeze-Drying of Biologics and Vaccines: the Power of Simple Modeling to Identify a Mechanism for Faster Drying Times Achieved with Microwave (2021)

Vial-based lyophilization for biopharmaceuticals has been an indispensable cornerstone process for over 50 years. However, the process is not without significant challenges. Capital costs to realize a lyophilized drug product facility, for example, are very high. Similarly, heat and mass transfer limitations inherent in lyophilization result in drying cycle on the order of several days while putting practical constraints on available formulation space, such as solute mass percentage or fill volume in a vial. Through collaboration with an external partner, we are exploring microwave vacuum drying (MVD) as a faster drying process to vial lyophilization wherein the heat transfer process occurs by microwave radiation instead of pure conduction from the vial. Drying using this radiative process demonstrates greater than 80% reduction in drying time over traditional freeze-drying times while maintaining product activity and stability. Such reduction in freeze-drying process times from days to several hours is a welcome change as it enables flexible manufacturing by being able to better react to changes either in terms of product volume for on-demand manufacturing scenarios or facilities for production (e.g., scale-out over scale-up). Additionally, by utilizing first-principle modeling coupled with experimental verification, a mechanism for faster drying times associated with MVD is proposed in this article. This research, to the best of our knowledge, forms the very first report of utilizing microwave vacuum drying for vaccines while utilizing the power of simplified models to understand drying principles associated with MVD.
Study On Mechanical Properties Of Hot Extruded Az91- Mwcnt Composites Fabricated By Stir Casting (2015)

<strong>Magnesium alloys have been increasingly used in the automotive industry in recent years due to their lightweight. The density of magnesium is approximat ely two third of that of aluminium,one quarter of zinc,and one fifth of steel.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prom ising reinforcements for light weight and high stre ngth composites due to their exceptional properties. Exp erimental results have indicated their extraordinar y strength up to 150 GPa and Young�s modulus up to 1 TPa. The main problem for Mg-CNT composites is to obtain homogenous dispersion in the matrix material. Howev er the problem of homogeneous dispersion has been overcome through ball milling process by milling th e CNTs with Mg-metal and alloy materials in powder form. Hot extrusion almost eliminated this particle aggre gation and improved the particle distribution of th e composites. The results show that hot extrusion sig nificantly improves the mechanical properties of th e composites. In the as-extruded composite,with the increase of MWCNT contents,the strength and elasti c modulus increase. In this study we have used low co st stir casting processing technique for synthesis of the composites with an objective to achieve homogeneous distribution and alignment of carbon nanotubes in the Mg matrix using hot extrusion</strong> <strong>https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=140507</strong>
Dropout Training for Support Vector Machines (2014)

Dropout and other feature noising schemes have shown promising results in controlling over-fitting by artificially corrupting the training data. Though extensive theoretical and empirical studies have been performed for generalized linear models, little work has been done for support vector machines (SVMs), one of the most successful approaches for supervised learning. This paper presents dropout training for linear SVMs. To deal with the intractable expectation of the non-smooth hinge loss under corrupting distributions, we develop an iteratively re-weighted least square (IRLS) algorithm by exploring data augmentation techniques. Our algorithm iteratively minimizes the expectation of a re-weighted least square problem, where the re-weights have closed-form solutions. The similar ideas are applied to develop a new IRLS algorithm for the expected logistic loss under corrupting distributions. Our algorithms offer insights on the connection and difference between the hinge loss and logistic loss in dropout training. Empirical results on several real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of dropout training on significantly boosting the classification accuracy of linear SVMs.
Parameterization and Simulation for a Turbocharged Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine with Variable Valve Timing (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In recent years, advanced automotive technologies have been developed to increase engine output power and improve fuel economy. In order to design dedicated control algorithms for these cutting-edge techniques, a control-oriented model is developed in this paper to capture the behavior of a turbocharged Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engine with Variable Valve Timing (VVT). In the proposed model, mean value models are employed to simulate the cycle-average dynamics of the airflow system, while a discrete-event model is used to capture the reciprocating engine combustion cycle. This model, established in Simulink, has been parameterized using experimental data that are collected from a four-cylinder SIDI engine over a wide range of operation conditions. The dynamic performance of this model was validated with data collected during engine transients. In order to explore its modeling capability for flex-fuel applications, the performance of the model with gasoline-ethanol fuel E85 was also investigate.&lt;/div&gt;
AES Technical Committee on Signal Processing Educational CD Project (2004)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author&amp;apos;s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be obtained by sending request
Higher-Order Implementations of Polyphase-Coded FM Radar Waveforms (2019)

The recently developed polyphase-coded FM implementation for physical radar waveforms is generalized to higher-order representations to facilitate greater design freedom (with MATLAB scripts provided in the appendix). Being FM, waveforms realized with these implementations have the benefit of being readily amenable to a high-power radar transmitter while possessing parameterized structures that are advantageous for optimization. Here various attributes of these implementations are examined. Specifically, it is shown that higher-order representations can, in special cases, be made equivalent, and through these relationships appropriate signal structure attributes can be inferred. Higher-order coding guidelines are also derived based on the need to ensure spectral containment. Example waveforms are optimized for each particular implementation to highlight their individual properties, towards the ultimate goal of establishing new ways to realize waveform-diverse emission structures that are physically realizable.
Study protocol: becoming and being a mother living with HIV - a multicentre longitudinal mixed methods study among pregnant women living with HIV, non-pregnant women living with HIV and pregnant women not living with HIV in a high-income setting (the 2B MOM study) (2019)

Approval from the Danish Data Protection Agency (VD-2018-253), and the Finnish and Swedish Ethics Committees have been obtained (HUS/1330/2019 and Dnr: 2019-04451, respectively). Study results will be disseminated to patient organisations, through publications in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.
Plasma levels of hepatocyte growth factor and placental growth factor predict mortality in a general population: a prospective cohort study (2017)

Blood levels of HGF and PlGF may serve as new biomarkers for predicting increased risk of death in the general population.
Nucleophilic Substitution of the Hydroxyl Group in Stereogenic Alcohols with Chirality Transfer (2015)

A brief overview of the development of direct substitution of the hydroxyl (OH) group of alcohols in our research group is presented. By applying a Brønsted acid, an intramolecular substitution of the OH group in stereogenic alcohols with chirality transfer was achieved. Noteworthy, the intramolecular substitution has a wide scope in respect to both the nucleophile and also the nucleofuge. A mechanistic study by both experiments and DFT calculations revealed a unique reaction pathway in which the Brønsted acid operates in a bifunctional manner to promote an S<sub>N</sub>2-type reaction mechanism.
An automatic test equipment for the calibration of voltage transducers (2002)

This paper describes the theory of operation and the design of an Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) for the calibration of voltage transducers in a wide range of frequency. It also discusses the performance of a lab prototype and shows the results of some calibration tests performed by using the ATE proposed.
Immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults: A phase 2 randomised clinical trial (2022)

NCT04649021. Trial status: Completed.
IL1 Receptor Antagonist Controls Transcriptional Signature of Inflammation in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (2018)

Inflammation affects tumor immune surveillance and resistance to therapy. Here, we show that production of IL1β in primary breast cancer tumors is linked with advanced disease and originates from tumor-infiltrating CD11c<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells. IL1β production is triggered by cancer cell membrane-derived TGFβ. Neutralizing TGFβ or IL1 receptor prevents breast cancer progression in humanized mouse model. Patients with metastatic HER2<sup>-</sup> breast cancer display a transcriptional signature of inflammation in the blood leukocytes, which is attenuated after IL1 blockade. When present in primary breast cancer tumors, this signature discriminates patients with poor clinical outcomes in two independent public datasets (TCGA and METABRIC).<b>Significance:</b> IL1β orchestrates tumor-promoting inflammation in breast cancer and can be targeted in patients using an IL1 receptor antagonist. <i>Cancer Res; 78(18); 5243-58. ©2018 AACR</i><i>See related commentary by Dinarello, p. 5200</i>.
Data from Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Activity of JAK Inhibitor AZD1480 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;STAT3 has important functions in both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression. The STAT regulatory kinase Janus-activated kinase (JAK) has been strongly implicated in promoting oncogenesis of various solid tumors, including the use of JAK kinase inhibitors such as AZD1480. However, direct evidence that JAK drives STAT3 function and cancer pathogenesis at the level of the tumor microenvironment is yet to be established clearly. In this study, we show that AZD1480 inhibits STAT3 in tumor-associated myeloid cells, reducing their number and inhibiting tumor metastasis. Myeloid cell–mediated angiogenesis was also diminished by AZD1480, with additional direct inhibition of endothelial cell function &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. AZD1480 blocked lung infiltration of myeloid cells and formation of pulmonary metastases in both mouse syngeneic experimental and spontaneous metastatic models. Furthermore, AZD1480 reduced angiogenesis and metastasis in a human xenograft tumor model. Although the effects of AZD1480 on the tumor microenvironment were important for the observed antiangiogenic activity, constitutive activation of STAT3 in tumor cells themselves could block these antiangiogenic effects, showing the complexity of the JAK/STAT signaling network in tumor progression. Together, our results indicated that AZD1480 can effectively inhibit tumor angiogenesis and metastasis mediated by STAT3 in stromal cells as well as tumor cells. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(21); 6601–10. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Tunable Fault Tolerance via Test and Reconfiguration (2018)

The advent of reconfigurable hardware as a computing medium creates a multi-dimensional design space where trade-offs between power, speed, cost, and reliability are now possible. Dynamic reconfiguration allows these trade-offs to be made on-line to adapt to various environmental changes. Furthermore, the cost of designing reliable circuits is greatly reduced since varying levels of reliability can be added to any circuit, even if it was not originally designed to run reliably, either at the time of application start-up or during application execution.
Macroporous Silicon As Highly Stable Anodes for lithium Rechargeable Batteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Influence of the Lateral Ventricles and Irregular Skull Base on Brain Kinematics due to Sagittal Plane Head Rotation (2002)

Two-dimensional physical models of the human head were used to investigate how the lateral ventricles and irregular skull base influence kinematics in the medial brain during sagittal angular head dynamics. Silicone gel simulated the brain and was separatedfrom the surrounding skull vessel by paraffin that provided a slip interface between the gel and vessel. A humanlike skull base model (HSB) included a surrogate skull base mimicking the irregular geometry of the human. An HSBV model added an elliptical inclusion filled with liquid paraffin simulating the lateral ventricles to the HSB model. A simplified skull base model (SSBV) included ventricle substitute but approximated the anterior and middle cranial fossae by a flat and slightly angled surface. The models were exposed to 7600 rad/s2 peak angular acceleration with 6 ms pulse duration and 5 deg forced rotation. After 90 deg free rotation, the models were decelerated during 30 ms. Rigid body displacement, shear strain and principal strains were determined from high-speed video recorded trajectories of grid markers in the surrogate brains. Peak values of inferior brain surface displacement and strains were up to 10.9X (times) and 3.3X higher in SSBV than in HSBV. Peak strain was up to 2.7X higher in HSB than in HSBV. The results indicate that the irregular skull base protects nerves and vessels passing through the cranial floor by reducing brain displacement and that the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid relieves strain in regions inferior and superior to the ventricles. The ventricles and irregular skull base are necessary in modeling head impact and understanding brain injury mechanisms.
High resolution spatial investigation of intracellular oxygen in muscle cells (2023)

Real time quantitation of intracellular oxygen with spatial resolutionIdentification of metabolically active sites in single cellsOxygen metabolism is linked to muscle differentiation.
Real-time control of inertial focusing in microfluidics using dielectrophoresis (DEP) (2014)

In this work, we explored the possibility of combining dielectrophoresis (DEP) and inertial focusing in a fully coupled manner and proposed a new concept, which is called DEP-inertial microfluidics. A vertical DEP force is used to tune the inertial focusing pattern and position in three dimensions.
The Silica-Alumina System: Stable and Metastable Equilibria at 1.0 Atmosphere (1974)

Diffusion couples, consisting of sapphire and fused silica, which were annealed in the temperature range from 1678 degrees to 2003 degrees C and analyzed by electron beam microprobe, have provided data on the stable phase equilibrium of the silica-alumina system. Under stable equilibrium conditions, the intermediate compound of this system, mullite (3Al(2)O(3) . 2SiO(2)), melts incongruently at 1828 degrees +/- 10 degrees C and its solid solution field extends from 70.5 to 74.0 percent (by weight) alumina. The stable phase diagram is a composite of the two binary eutectic diagrams: silica-mullite in the absence of alumina and silica-alumina in the absence of mullite. Under metastable conditions, mullite melts congruently at approximately 1890 degrees +/- 10 degrees C and its solid solution field extends to approximately 83.2 percent (by weight) alumina.
Phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling in the human nucleus accumbens tracks action monitoring during cognitive control (2013)

The Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) is an important structure for the transfer of information between cortical and subcortical structures, especially the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. However, the mechanism that allows the NAcc to achieve this integration is not well understood. Phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling (PAC) of oscillations in different frequency bands has been proposed as an effective mechanism to form functional networks to optimize transfer and integration of information. Here we assess PAC between theta and high gamma oscillations as a potential mechanism that facilitates motor adaptation. To address this issue we recorded intracranial field potentials directly from the bilateral human NAcc in three patients while they performed a motor learning task that varied in the level of cognitive control needed to perform the task. As in rodents, PAC was observable in the human NAcc, transiently occurring contralateral to a movement following the motor response. Importantly, PAC correlated with the level of cognitive control needed to monitor the action performed. This functional relation indicates that the NAcc is engaged in action monitoring and supports the evaluation of motor programs during adaptive behavior by means of PAC.
Verifying Adaptive Cruise Control by Using Pi-Calculus and Mobility Workbench (2008)

Adaptive Cruise Control is used to maintain the speed of a vehicle in a predefined interval. Such a modern automotive system can automatically adjust the speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. In this paper we first describe Adaptive Cruise Control by using a