gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses of Bovine WC1+γδ T Cells to Protein and Nonprotein Antigens ofMycobacterium bovis (2002)

WC1(+) gammadelta T cells of Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle are highly responsive to M. bovis sonic extract (MBSE). In mycobacterial infections of other species, gammadelta T cells have been shown to respond to protein and nonprotein antigens, but the bovine WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell antigenic targets within MBSE require further definition in terms of the dominance of protein versus nonprotein components. The present study sought to characterize the WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell antigenic targets, together with the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2), in the context of M. bovis infection. This was achieved by testing crude and defined antigens to assess protein versus nonprotein recognition by WC1(+) gammadelta T cells in comparison with CD4(+) alphabeta T cells. Both cell types proliferated strongly in response to MBSE, with CD4(+) T cells being the major producers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). However, enzymatic digestion of the protein in MBSE removed its ability to stimulate CD4(+) T-cell responses, whereas some WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell proliferation remained. The most antigenic protein inducing proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion in WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell cultures was found to be ESAT-6, which is a potential novel diagnostic reagent and vaccine candidate. In addition, WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell proliferation was observed in response to stimulation with prenyl pyrophosphate antigens (isopentenyl pyrophosphate and monomethyl phosphate). High levels of cellular activation (CD25 expression) resulted from MBSE stimulation of WC1(+) gammadelta T cells from infected animals. A similar degree of activation was induced by IL-2 alone, but for WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell division IL-2 was found to act only as a costimulatory signal, enhancing antigen-driven responses. Overall, the data indicate that protein antigens are important stimulators of WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion in M. bovis infection, with nonprotein antigens inducing significant proliferation. These findings have important implications for diagnostic and vaccine development.
Data Center Ethernet and Remote Direct Memory Access: Issues at Hyperscale (2023)

Remote direct memory access (RDMA) over converged Ethernet (RoCE) was an attempt to adopt modern RDMA features into existing Ethernet installations. We revisit RoCE’s design points and conclude that several of its shortcomings must be addressed to fulfill the demands of hyperscale data centers.
Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxL106 suppresses plant immunity by binding to RADICAL‐INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (2018)

The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew disease on Arabidopsis. To colonize its host, Hpa translocates effector proteins that suppress plant immunity into infected host cells. Here, we investigate the relevance of the interaction between one of these effectors, HaRxL106, and Arabidopsis RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1). We use pathogen infection assays as well as molecular and biochemical analyses to test the hypothesis that HaRxL106 manipulates RCD1 to attenuate transcriptional activation of defense genes. We report that HaRxL106 suppresses transcriptional activation of salicylic acid (SA)-induced defense genes and alters plant growth responses to light. HaRxL106-mediated suppression of immunity is abolished in RCD1 loss-of-function mutants. We report that RCD1-type proteins are phosphorylated, and we identified Mut9-like kinases (MLKs), which function as phosphoregulatory nodes at the level of photoreceptors, as RCD1-interacting proteins. An mlk1,3,4 triple mutant exhibits stronger SA-induced defense marker gene expression compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that MLKs also affect transcriptional regulation of SA signaling. Based on the combined evidence, we hypothesize that nuclear RCD1/MLK complexes act as signaling nodes that integrate information from environmental cues and pathogen sensors, and that the Arabidopsis downy mildew pathogen targets RCD1 to prevent activation of plant immunity.
Self-Formed Ti-Rich Barrier Layers in Cu(Ti)∕Low-k Samples (2009)

Thin Ti‐rich diffusion barrier layers were found to be formed at the interface between Cu(Ti) films and SiO2/Si substrates after annealing at elevated temperatures. This technique was called “self‐formation of the diffusion barrier,” which is attractive for fabrication of ultra‐large scale integrated (ULSI) interconnects. In the present study, we investigated the applicability of this technique to Cu(Ti) alloy films deposited on low dielectric constant (Low‐k) materials (SiOxCy). In addition, SiCO and SiCN were also used as dielectric layers, which are potential dielectric layers for future ULSI‐Si devices. The microstructures were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and correlated with the electrical properties of the Cu(Ti) films. The resistivity of the Cu(1 at.%Ti)/dielectric‐layer samples was reduced to about 2.5 μΩcm after annealing in Ar at 400° C for 2 h. It was concluded that the Ti‐rich interface layers were formed in all the Cu(Ti)/dielectric‐layer samples. The Ti‐rich interface layers consisted of crystalline TiC or TiSi in addition to Ti oxide based on its amorphous nature. The TiC compounds with the high melting point of 3100° C are also expected to show thermal stability as barrier layers. The primary factor to control the composition of the Ti‐rich interface layers was the C concentration in the dielectric layers rather than the enthalpy of formation of the Ti compounds (TiC, TiSi and TiN). The crystalline TiC was formed on the dielectric layers with a C concentration higher than 17 at.%. For systematic investigation of growth of the Ti‐rich interface layers in the annealed Cu(Ti)/dielectric‐layer samples, the RBS technique was employed. The relationship (log n vs log t) between a molar amount of Ti atoms segregated to the interface (n) and annealing time (t) suggests that a growth mechanism of all the samples is similar. Activation energies (E) for the samples consisted of dielectric layers with carbon tended to decrease with decreasing k (decreasing C concentration), and those without carbon (SiO2) were much higher than others. This suggests that composition of the dielectric layers plays an important rule in the reaction of the Ti atoms with dielectric layers, and the carbon may be a key element to control the reaction.
Composite Binary Decomposition Networks (2018)

Binary neural networks have great resource and computing efficiency, while suffer from long training procedure and non-negligible accuracy drops, when comparing to the full-precision counterparts. In this paper, we propose the composite binary decomposition networks (CBDNet), which first compose real-valued tensor of each layer with a limited number of binary tensors, and then decompose some conditioned binary tensors into two low-rank binary tensors, so that the number of parameters and operations are greatly reduced comparing to the original ones. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, as CBDNet can approximate image classification network ResNet-18 using 5.25 bits, VGG-16 using 5.47 bits, DenseNet-121 using 5.72 bits, object detection networks SSD300 using 4.38 bits, and semantic segmentation networks SegNet using 5.18 bits, all with minor accuracy drops.
Prospective Evaluation of an R2* Method for Assessing Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) Against FerriScan: Derivation of the Calibration Curve and Characterization of the Nature and Source of Uncertainty in the Relationship (2018)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1467-1474.
Digital Deep-Submicron CMOS Frequency Synthesis for RF Wireless Appllications (2002)

Traditional designs of commercial frequency synthesizers for multi-GHz mobile RF wireless applications have almost exclusively employed the use of a charge-pump phase-locked loop (PLL), which acts as a local oscillator (LO) for both transmitter and receiver. Unfortunately, the circuits and techniques required are extremely analog intensive and utilize a process technology which is incompatible with a digital baseband. The author's research related to low-power and low-cost radio solutions has led to a novel all-digital synthesizer architecture that exploits strong advantages of a deep-submicron digital CMOS process technology as well as advances in digital very large scale of integration (VLSI) field. Its underlying theme is to maximize digitally-intensive implementation by operating in a synchronous phase domain. Chief benefit obtained with this architecture is to allow to integrate the RF front-end with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die. The presented frequency synthesizer naturally combines the transmitter modulation capability implemented in an all-digital manner. The pulse-shaping transmit filter and a class-E power amplifier are included to demonstrate the use of the proposed synthesizer in a targeted RF application. The ideas developed in this research project have been implemented in a Texas Instruments' deep-submicron CMOS process and demonstrated in a working silicon of Bluetooth transmitter for short-range communications.
Shock-tube study of the ignition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and subsequent SiO2 particle formation (2007)

Ignition delay times of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) mixtures diluted with dry and humid synthetic air were measured behind reflected shock waves by monitoring the chemiluminescence emission of the CH* radical near 431 nm. The measurements were carried out for temperatures ranging from 1150 to 1350 K and an average pressure of 8 bar. The ignition-delay times of TEOS were determined as a function of water concentration. Additionally, TEOS stability in presence of humid air was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to insure that the mixture does not react prior to shock-wave heating. The results show that the stability of TEOS is not affected under the experimental conditions but that the presence of moisture in the TEOS/air mixture increases the ignition-delay times systematically.
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticle-decorated Carbon Nanotubes under Ambient Conditions (2008)

This viewgraph presentation reviews the production of Metal Nanoparticle-decorated carbon Nanotubes. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were efficiently decorated with metal nanoparticles (e.g. Ag, Pt, etc.) using the corresponding metal acetate in a simple mixing process without the need of chemical reagents or further processing. The conversion of acetate compounds to the corresponding metal reached over 90%, forming nanoparticles with average diameters less than 10 nm under certain conditions. The process was readily scalable allowing for the convenient preparation of multi-gram quantities of metal nanoparticle-decorated MWCNTs in a matter of a few minutes. These materials are under evaluation for a variety of electrical and catalytic applications. The preparation and characterization of these materials will be presented. The microscopic views of the processed MWCNTs are shown
Postvaccination Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective, Comparative Study (2023)

People with IBD had fewer postvaccination symptoms following the first 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines than HCWs. Among those with symptoms, most symptoms were mild and of short duration.
High rate of multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from human and animal origin (2019)

Fan Yang1,2, Baoguo Deng1, Wei Liao3, Peizhen Wang1, Ping Chen1, Jidong Wei1 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Xinxiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People&rsquo;s Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fan YangDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, JinSui Road, Xinxiang city, Henan province, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaTel +86 373 302 9130Email yangf77@163.comPurpose: The main objectives of the present study were to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different hosts and to investigate the possibility of K. pneumoniae transmission between animals and humans.Materials and methods: A total of 189 nonduplicate K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from hospitals and four species of animals in Henan Province, China. The disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and resistance and virulence genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The molecular types were identified through multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype was identified using the &ldquo;string-forming test&rdquo;. Pearson&rsquo;s parameters were used to determine the potential link among the molecular types and resistance and virulence genes of all K. pneumoniae strains.Results: The resistance rates of the 189 K. pneumoniae isolates against 15 antibiotics ranged from 11.6% to 77.8%. The highest multidrug resistance rate was detected in the pig strains (93.6%), followed by the human strains (90.4%), chicken strains (88.9%), cow strains (52.0%) and sheep strains (50.0%). Forty-eight (25.4%) K. pneumoniae strains presented the HMV phenotype. entB, ﬁmH-1 and mrkD were the most prevalent of the detected virulence genes, and magA and rmpA were the least prevalent genes in all the isolates. The MLST analysis revealed 24 unique sequence types (STs) among from the 189 isolates. ST11, ST235 and ST258 were common STs among the five isolates of host origin. ST258 exhibited significantly positive correlations with blaNDM, magA and the HMV phenotype and a negative correlation with qnrB.Conclusion: K. pneumoniae strains from different hosts, including humans and animals, have common molecular types and similar phenotypes, and these strains can potentially be transmitted between humans and animals.Keywords: K. pneumoniae, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, sequence types
The Predictive Value of Stable Precursor Fragments of Vasoactive Peptides in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Data from the GISSI-Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) Trial (2010)

In patients with chronic and stable HF enrolled in a multicentre, randomized, clinical trial, measurement of stable precursor fragments of vasoactive peptides provided prognostic information independent of natriuretic peptides which are currently the best biomarkers for risk stratification.
Simplified MMSE Precoding Design in Interference Two-Way MIMO Relay Systems (2015)

We investigate the transceiver design for interference two-way amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output relay communication systems. A novel algorithm with a closed-form solution is developed to optimize the relay precoding matrix based on its optimal structure and a modified transmission power constraint at the relay node. An iterative algorithm is proposed to minimize the sum mean-squared error of the signal waveform estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a better performance-complexity tradeoff compared with existing techniques.
Extending PKI Interoperability in Computational Grids (2008)

One of the most successful working examples of virtual organizations, computational grids need authentication mechanisms that inter-operate across domain boundaries. Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) provide sufficient flexibility to allow resource managers to securely grant access to their systems in such distributed environments. However, as PKIs grow and services are added to enhance both security and usability, users and applications must struggle to discover available resources-particularly when the Certification Authority (CA) is alien to the relying party. This paper1 presents how to overcome these limitations of the current grid authentication model by integrating the PKI Resource Query Protocol (PRQP) into the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI).
Phenolic Compounds Isolated from the Roots of Sophora stenophylla. (1998)

A new prenylated flavanone glucoside (sophoraflavanone I 7-O-β-glucopyranoside) and three new resveratrol oligomers, stenopyllols A-C, were isolated from the roots of Sophora (S.) stenophylla along with six known flavonoids and three known resveratrol oligomers. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis of correlation spectroscopy involving long-range coupling and nuclear Overhouser effect experiments.
From Scientists to Scientists—Moving Angewandte into the Future (2020)

On June 4 , 2020, an Essay entitled “Organic synthesis–Where now?” is thirty years old. A reflection on the current state of affairs was published on the website of Angewandte Chemie as an “Accepted Article”. The article should have never been published, and we join the editors of Angewandte Chemie in sincerely apologizing for the offensive and misguided essay.
Simultaneous analysis of host and pathogen interactions during an in vivo infection reveals local induction of host acute phase response proteins, a novel bacterial stress response, and evidence of a host-imposed metal ion limited environment (2004)

A fundamental goal in the study of infections is to understand the dynamic interplay between host and pathogen; however, direct in vivo interrogation of this disease process via transcriptional profiling has been lacking. Here we describe the development and application of novel bacterial RNA amplification technology to simultaneously identify key elements of both host and pathogen responses in a murine infection model. On the bacterial side, we found induction of an unusual pattern of stress response genes, a response to host-induced metal ion limitation, and a failure to achieve stationary phase in vivo. On the mammalian side, we observed the surprising induction of several genes encoding acute phase response proteins including hepcidin, haptoglobin, complement C3 and metallothionein 1 at the site of infection, as well as other mediators of innate immunity. Thus, our results reveal host-pathogen cross-talk not predicted by previous in vitro analyses and provide the framework to eavesdrop on a broad array of host-pathogen interactions in vivo. As described here, the comprehensive examination of host-pathogen interactions during an infection is critical to the discovery of novel approaches for intervention not predicted by current models.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Pregnancy (1982)

Pregnancy in women with a history of immune thrombocytopenic purpura may be complicated by the development of neonatal thrombocytopenia. The factors responsible were investigated in a prospective study of 23 pregnant women with either a history of immune thrombocytopenic purpura or clinically active immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
Disturbance Observer for Speed-Controlled Process with Non-Deterministic Time Delay of Feedback Information (2007)

A motor power feeder cable can be used for power supply and to transmit the speed information of the motor to the controller by applying a power line communication method. The method produces latency to the feedback loop and hence, decreases the performance of the system. A disturbance observer is implemented in a control loop to increase the system stiffness to load disturbances.
NON-EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL HEMORRHAGE AND BLUNT TRAUMA ON CIRCULATING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (1990)

Styllanos, Steven M.D.; Wakabayashl, Go M.D.; Gelfand, Jeffrey M.D.; Harris, Burton H. M.D. Author Information
Dysfunction of the basal ganglia, but not the cerebellum, impairs kinaesthesia (2003)

Precise knowledge about limb position and orientation is essential for the ability of the nervous system to plan and control voluntary movement. While it is well established that proprioceptive signals from peripheral receptors are necessary for sensing limb position and motion, it is less clear which supraspinal structures mediate the signals that ultimately lead to the conscious awareness of limb position (kinaesthesia). Recent functional imaging studies have revealed that the cerebellum, but not the basal ganglia, are involved in sensory processing of proprioceptive information induced by passive and active movements. Yet psychophysical studies have suggested a prominent role of the basal ganglia in kinaesthesia. This study addresses this apparent dichotomy by investigating the contributions of the cerebellum and the basal ganglia to the perception of limb position. Using a passive movement task, we examined the elbow position sense in patients with a dysfunction of the basal ganglia (Parkinson's disease, n = 9), patients with cerebellar degeneration [spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 6 and 8, n = 6] and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 11). In comparison with healthy control subjects, Parkinson's disease patients, but not SCA patients, were significantly impaired in the ability to detect displacements correctly. A 1 degrees forearm displacement was correctly recognized in >75% of trials by control subjects and SCA patients, but only in 55% of Parkinson's disease patients. Only at 6 degrees displacement did Parkinson's disease patients exhibit a response rate similar to those of the two other groups. Thresholds for 75% correct responses were 1.03 degrees for controls, 1.15 degrees for cerebellar patients and 2.10 degrees for Parkinson's disease patients. This kinaesthetic impairment significantly correlated with the severity of disease in Parkinson's disease patients, as determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (r = -0.7, P = 0.03) and duration of disease (r = -0.7, P = 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between performance and the daily levodopa equivalent dose. These results imply that an intact cerebro-basal ganglia loop is essential for awareness of limb position and suggest a selective role of the basal ganglia but not the cerebellum in kinaesthesia.
Effects of New and Potent Methanesulfonanilide Class III Antiarrhythmic Agents on Myocardial Refractoriness and Contractility in Isolated Cardiac Muscle (1991)

The effects of the new and potent methanesulfonanilide class III antiarrhythmic agents (E-4031, UK-66,914, and UK-68,798) on myocardial refractoriness and contractility were compared to those of d-sotalol in ferret isometrically contracting right ventricular papillary muscle preparations. During 1 Hz pacing at 37°C, the four class III agents elicited concentration-dependent increases in ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), with a relative order of potency of UK-68,798 > E-4031 > UK-66,914 > d-sotalol. EC25 values (effective concentration required to increase ERP 25% above baseline) were (in μM) UK-68,798. 0.018; E-4031, 0.058; UK-66,914, 0.501; and d-sotalol, 43.76. Maximal increases in ERP relative to baseline (% of baseline value) for the class III agents at 37°C (range of 44.5 ± 4.5 to 63.0 ± 3.1%) were greater than the maximal increases observed at 27°C (range of 15.0 ± 3.3 to 31.2 ± 4.8%), whereas the maximal absolute (ms) increases in ERP above baseline were comparable for the class III agents at both temperatures. Increases in ERP produced by the four class III agents at 37°C were significantly greater at a pacing frequency of 1 Hz (range of 70.0 ± 7.6 to 102.0 ± 2.3 ms) than at 3 Hz (range of 18.3 ± 4.4 to 31.0 ± 4.8 ms). During a temporary period of hypoxic perfusion at 37°C, increases in ERP produced by the four class III agents were reversed, such that “hypoxic” ERP values approximated pretreatment, baseline values. During 1 Hz pacing at 37°C, modest increases in developed tension (range of + 18 ± 8 to +27 ± 8% above baseline), with balanced increases in the rates of tension development and decline, were observed with the administrations of E-4031, UK-66,914, and UK-68,798. In contrast, d-sotalol produced minimal effects on myocardial contractility.