gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the two components of the split promoter of eukaryotic tRNA genes. (1982)

Plasmids containing eukaryotic tRNA genes are faithfully transcribed in the nucleus of Xenopus laevis oocytes [Cortese, R., Melton, D. A., Tranquilla, T. & Smith, J. D. (1978) Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 4593-4611]. It has been established that two separated regions within the coding sequence of a tRNA gene are essential and sufficient for promotion of transcription [Hofstetter, H., Kressmann, A. & Birnstiel, M. L. (1981) Cell 24, 573-585; Ciliberto, G., Castagnoli, L., Melton, D. A. & Cortese, R. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1195-1199]. We have constructed a hybrid tRNA gene containing one essential region from tDNALeu and the other from tDNAPro, both from Caenorhabditis elegans. This hybrid gene is efficiently transcribed, thus showing that the essential regions are independent transcriptional signals regardless of the overall regularities of the structure of tRNA genes. We have also constructed mutants of the tRNAPro gene in which the distance between the two essential regions is changed; optimal transcription occurs when this distance is about 40-50 nucleotides.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Syntheses of Ether‐Linked Porphyrin Dimers and Trimers Related to Photofrin‐II. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Site-Specific Weed Management in Corn (Zea mays)1 (2003)

Site-specific weed management can increase crop production efficiency by minimizing herbicide input costs without compromising crop yields. A reduction in herbicide inputs resulting from site-specific weed management may also decrease the probability level of nonpoint pollution compared with conventional herbicide applications. A 4.5-ha field was selected to compare site-specific and conventional weed management techniques in 1997 and 1998 at Knoxville, TN. Variable rate applications (VRAs) of atrazine preemergence (PRE) followed by dicamba postemergence (POST) were investigated for the reduction of herbicide inputs and their resulting impact on weed control and corn yield. VRAs of atrazine were on the basis of weed density data collected in 1996. VRAs of dicamba were according to common cocklebur density evaluations within the field. Compared with conventional applications, atrazine usage was decreased by 43 and 32% in the site-specific application treatments in 1997 and 1998, respectively. VRAs of dicamba reduced herbicide inputs by greater than 45% for 1997 and 1998. Corn yields were similar for the conventional and site-specific treatments in both years. On the basis of these data, site-specific herbicide applications have the greatest potential and least risk for managing weeds when POST or PRE POST variable rate herbicide applications are used.Nomenclature: Atrazine; dicamba; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. #3 XANST; corn, Zea mays L. ‘Dekalb 689’.Additional index words: Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash, broadleaf signalgrass, geographical information systems, global positioning systems, variable rate application.Abbreviations: DGPS, differential global positioning system; GIS, geographic information system; OM, organic matter; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; VRA, variable rate application.
Experimental Evaluation of Laser-Assisted Micromilling in a Slotting Configuration (2010)

Micromilling can be difficult to apply to many engineering materials due to a variety of scaling induced factors including low cutting speeds, high relative tool deflections and runout, and increased material strength at smaller size scales. To alleviate these problems, laser-assisted micromilling (LAMM) was evaluated on Ti6Al4V, AISI 422, and AISI 316 using 100 μm diameter endmills in slotting operations. A three-dimensional transient finite-volume based thermal model was used to analytically predict appropriate process parameters on the basis of material removal temperatures. A two-dimensional finite element model was created and used to show the effects of cutting edge radius, uncut chip thickness, and material removal temperature on the cutting force. A thorough experimental investigation of acoustic emissions (AEs) during LAMM was performed. In particular, the effects of depth of cut, tool wear, and material removal temperature on the root-mean-square of AEs were studied. The effects of LAMM on the machined surface finish and edge burrs were also evaluated.
A Novel Chemically Differentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Model to Study Liver Stages of Plasmodium berghei (2020)

Asymptomatic and obligatory liver stage (LS) infection of Plasmodium parasites presents an attractive target for antimalarial vaccine and drug development. Lack of robust cellular models to study LS infection has hindered the discovery and validation of host genes essential for intrahepatic parasite development. Here, we present a chemically differentiated mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based LS model, which supports complete development of Plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs) and can be used to define new host-parasite interactions. Using our model, we established that host Pnpla2, coding for adipose triglyceride lipase, is dispensable for P. berghei EEF development. In addition, we also evaluated in-vitro-differentiated human hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs) to study LS of P. berghei and found it to be a sub-optimal infection model. Overall, our results present a new mouse ESC-based P. berghei LS infection model that can be utilized to study the impact of host genetic variation on parasite development.
Homozygous mutation of STXBP5L explains an autosomal recessive infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder (2014)

We report siblings of consanguineous parents with an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder manifesting a predominant sensorimotor axonal neuropathy, optic atrophy and cognitive deficit. We used homozygosity mapping to identify an ∼12-Mbp interval identical by descent (IBD) between the affected individuals on chromosome 3q13.13-21.1 with an LOD score of 2.31. We combined family-based whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of parents and affected siblings and, after filtering of likely non-pathogenic variants, identified a unique missense variant in syntaxin-binding protein 5-like (STXBP5L c.3127G>A, p.Val1043Ile [CCDS43137.1]) in the IBD interval. Considering other modes of inheritance, we also found compound heterozygous variants in FMNL3 (c.114G>C, p.Phe38Leu and c.1372T>G, p.Ile458Leu [CCDS44874.1]) located on chromosome 12. STXBP5L (or Tomosyn-2) is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system and is known to inhibit neurotransmitter release through inhibition of the formation of the SNARE complexes between synaptic vesicles and the plasma membrane. FMNL3 is expressed more widely and is a formin family protein that is involved in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. The STXBP5L p.Val1043Ile variant enhanced inhibition of exocytosis in comparison with wild-type (WT) STXBP5L. Furthermore, WT STXBP5L, but not variant STXBP5L, promoted axonal outgrowth in manipulated mouse primary hippocampal neurons. However, the FMNL3 p.Phe38Leu and p.Ile458Leu variants showed minimal effects in these cells. Collectively, our clinical, genetic and molecular data suggest that the IBD variant in STXBP5L is the likely cause of the disorder.
Antiepileptic Medications in Development (1991)

Recently, there has been an increase in the research devoted to the study of investigational antiepileptic medications. This has led to extensive clinical trials of several new compounds. This review focuses on four of these antiepileptic medications in development: felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and vigabatrin. Each has a unique mechanism of action and great potential for the treatment of epilepsy.
Cluster Abundance Constraints on Quintessence Models (1998)

The abundance of rich clusters is a strong constraint on the mass power spectrum. The current constraint can be expressed in the form $σ_8 Ω_m^γ = 0.5 \pm 0.1$ where $σ_8$ is the $rms$ mass fluctuation on 8 $h^{-1}$ Mpc scales, $Ω_m$ is the ratio of matter density to the critical density, and $γ$ is model-dependent. In this paper, we determine a general expression for $γ$ that applies to any models with a mixture of cold dark matter plus cosmological constant or quintessence (a time-evolving, spatially-inhomogeneous component with negative pressure) including dependence on the spectral index $n$, the Hubble constant $h$, and the equation-of-state of the quintessence component $w$. The cluster constraint is combined with COBE measurements to identify a spectrum of best-fitting models. The constraint from the evolution of rich clusters is also discussed.
Subband coding of cyclostationary signals (2002)

Fig. 4. The control input using the boundary-layer technique. formed LTV system to retain the dynamical features of the original LTV system. The update law of the transformation matrix using a timevarying differential Sylvester equation has been developed to guarantee the uniformly exponential convergence of the closed-loop dynamics on the sliding mode. A robust sliding-mode output regulator using only the output measurements has been designed to drive the system output to converge to zero in a finite time. A simulation example has been carried out with the results that good convergence and robustness properties with respect to the bounded input disturbance are obtained. Further work is to extend the scheme to the control of general SISO and MIMO LTV systems with uncertainties. REFERENCES
Probing the Li4Ti5O12 Interface Upon Lithium Uptake by Operando Small Angle Neutron Scattering (2020)

The formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of Li<sub>4</sub> Ti<sub>5</sub> O<sub>12</sub> (LTO) has become a highly controversial topic, with arguments for it and against it. However, prior studies supporting the formation of an SEI layer have typically suggested that a layer forms upon cycling of a cell, although the layer is probed after disassembling. In this study, cubic mesostructured LTO is synthesized with crystallite domain sizes between 3 and 4 nm and uniform pores with diameters ≤8 nm. The mean pore size is controlled between 4-8 nm through the use of a triblock amphipathic copolymer with a tunable hydrophobic block as template and by thermal treatment. The LTO morphology obtained is spherical and evolves upon heat treatment. These materials show excellent electrochemical performance, including high rate capability and capacity retention. The LTO material is subjected to operando small-angle neutron scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments, which reveal that the highly debated SEI forms at potentials as high as 2.2 V, first as a LiF-rich layer and subsequently by the growth of a carbonaceous layer. These SEI products form first on the smaller pores before forming on the mesopores.
Lightweight lock-free synchronization methods for multithreading (2006)

Emergence of chip multiprocessors has created a need for exploitation of beyond DOALL-type thread-level parallelism (TLP). This calls for development of efficient thread synchronization techniques to exploit TLP in general parallel programs with dependences. For this, several thread synchronization techniques have been proposed in the past. However, these limit the exploitation of fine-grain TLP due to large run-time overhead. Furthermore, the existing approaches can potentially result in (i) deadlocks between the different threads and (ii) non-deterministic run-time execution behavior as these techniques are oblivious of the underlying memory model. In this paper, we propose lightweight lock-free thread synchronization methods to exploit TLP in general parallel programs with dependences. Each synchronization method intrinsically guarantees the following in a multithreaded program: (a) sequential consistency, (b) atomicity of writes to the shared synchronization construct and (c) absence of deadlocks. This reduces the programming effort considerably, thereby easing the development of software for multithreaded systems. For each method we formally prove that there cannot occur a deadlock between the different threads. This obviates the cumbersome and time-consuming process of detecting and eliminating deadlocks from the programmer. Experiments show that our synchronization methods incur a minimal overhead of 7.16% on an average. Further, we achieve performance speedups upto 3.39x on kernels extracted from the industry standard SPEC OMPM 2001 benchmarks, on a dedicated Intel® Xeon® 2.78 GHz 4-way multiprocessor.
Comparison of the Thermotropic and Solution Behavior of Six-Arm Star and Comb Poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s (2006)

“Six-arm star” poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s with 13−112 (gel permeation chromatography, GPC, relative to linear polystyrene) or 23−756 (GPC using a light scattering detector) repeat units were synthesized from the hexafunctional initiator, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa((4‘-methyl(2‘ ‘-bromopropionate)phenoxymethyl)benzene, by atom transfer radical polymerization of 11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate, followed by fractionation to narrow the polydispersity to 1.06−1.57. The absolute molecular weight, size, and shape of these polymers were characterized by light scattering in CH2Cl2, and their thermotropic behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry; both types of properties were compared to those of the other architectures, especially the corresponding comb poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s with six branches. The solution and thermotropic behavior of the six-arm star and comb polymers are similar.
Redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium batteries (2023)

The present invention is generally related to electrolytes containing novel redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries. The redox shuttles are capable of thousands hours of overcharge tolerance and have a redox potential at about 3-5.5 V vs. Li and particularly about 4.4-4.8 V vs. Li. Accordingly, in one aspect the invention provides electrolytes comprising an alkali metal salt; a polar aprotic solvent; and a redox shuttle additive that is an aromatic compound having at least one aromatic ring with four or more electronegative substituents, two or more oxygen atoms bonded to the aromatic ring, and no hydrogen atoms bonded to the aromatic ring; and wherein the electrolyte solution is substantially non-aqueous. Further there are provided electrochemical devices employing the electrolyte and methods of making the electrolyte.
Temporal evolution of whistler growth in a cold plasma injection experiment (1984)

Using a simple time dependent cold plasma density model and assuming a typical ambient radiation belt environment, we study the evolution of the whistler mode turbulence and particle precipitation in a cold plasma release experiment similar to one that may be conducted as part of the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) program. It is known from earlier work that the release of cold lithium ions can significantly lower the critical energy E c above which the resonant radiation belt electrons can pitch angle scatter. We study the time evolution of the one pass gain factor for a whistler wave packet and find that for parameters accessible to AMPTE type experiments the gain factor is large enough to ensure strong whistler turbulence and strong pitch angle diffusion of radiation belt particles with energies in the range between the ambient value of E c and the reduced value of E c . Estimates for the total power input to the ionospheric footprint of the release are of the order of an erg/cm²/s. This precipitated energy should produce a patch of visible aurora. This effect should also persist for many hours.
Verfeinerung der zytologischen Diagnostik von CT-gesteuerten Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsien durch histologische Zusatzuntersuchung Formalin-fixierter Blutkoagel (2003)

Histological work-up of sampled blood-clots yielded a higher accuracy of CT-guided FNABs. Additional immunocytochemical studies allowed subclassification of tumor material. The complication rate of this technique was not higher than for FNAB alone.
Weighted likelihood function of multiple statistical parameters to retrieve 2D TRUS-MR slice correspondence for prostate biopsy (2012)

This paper presents a novel method to identify the 2D axial Magnetic Resonance (MR) slice from a pre-acquired MR prostate volume that closely corresponds to the 2D axial Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) slice obtained during prostate biopsy. The shape-context representations of the segmented prostate contours in both the imaging modalities are used to establish point correspondences using Bhattacharyya distance. Thereafter, Chi-square distance is used to find the prostate shape similarities between the MR slices and the TRUS slice. Normalized mutual information and correlation coefficient between the TRUS and MR slices are computed to find the information theoretic similarities between the TRUS-MR slices. The maximum of the weighted likelihood function of the afore-mentioned statistical similarity measures finally yields the MR slice that closely resembles the TRUS slice acquired during the biopsy procedure. The method is evaluated for 20 patient datasets and close matches with the ground truth are obtained for 16 cases.
TP53 variants in p53 signatures and the clonality of STICs in RRSO samples (2022)

The sequence analysis for <i>TP53</i> revealed 2 types of p53 signatures, one with a risk of progression to STIC and ovarian cancer with pathological variants in <i>TP53</i> and the other with a low risk of progression without pathological variants in <i>TP53</i> as seen in control.
Pyrolysis of Stabilised Phosphorus Ylides as a Route to new Hetero Carbenes (1993)

Abstract Flash vacuum pyrolysis of sulphonyl- and sulphinyl-stabilised phosphorus ylides results in loss of either phosphine or phosphine oxide to generate thio-, sulphinyl- and sulphonyl-carbenes which undergo a variety of rearrangement and insertion processes to give stable products. The first case of phosphine extrusion from a ß-oxo ylide is reported, giving access to benzotriazolyl acetyl carbene which rearranges to an acetyl benzotriazine and 2-cyanoacetophenone.
Search for pair-produced vectorlikeBquarks in proton-proton collisions ats=8  TeV (2016)

A search for the production of a heavy B quark, having electric charge -1=3 and vector couplings to W, Z, and H bosons, is carried out using proton-proton collision data recorded at the CERN LHC by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 . The B quark is assumed to be pair produced and to decay in one of three ways: to tW, bZ, or bH. The search is carried out in final states with one, two, and more than two charged leptons, as well as in fully hadronic final states. Each of the channels in the exclusive final-state topologies is designed to be sensitive to specific combinations of the B quarkantiquark pair decays. The observed event yields are found to be consistent with the standard model expectations in all the final states studied. A statistical combination of these results is performed, and upper limits are set on the cross section of the strongly produced B quark-antiquark pairs as a function of the B quark mass. Lower limits on the B quark mass between 740 and 900 GeV are set at a 95% confidence level, depending on the values of the branching fractions of the B quark to tW, bZ, and bH. Overall, these limits are the most stringent to date.
Phase Retrieval: An Overview of Recent Developments (2015)

The problem of phase retrieval is a classic one in optics and arises when one is interested in recovering an unknown signal from the magnitude (intensity) of its Fourier transform. While there have existed quite a few approaches to phase retrieval, recent developments in compressed sensing and convex optimization-based signal recovery have inspired a host of new ones. This work presents an overview of these approaches. Since phase retrieval, by its very nature, is ill-posed, to make the problem meaningful one needs to either assume prior structure on the signal (e.g., sparsity) or obtain additional measurements (e.g., masks, structured illuminations). For both the cases, we review conditions for the identifiability of the signal, as well as practical algorithms for signal recovery. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to robustly and efficiently identify an unknown signal solely from phaseless Fourier measurements, a fact with potentially far-reaching implications.
Model reduction of multidimensional positive real systems (2002)

This paper presents a model reduction method for multidimensional positive real systems. The approach is based on balancing positive definite solutions to dual linear matrix inequalities for positive real systems. Several numerical algorithms are proposed and an example is included to demonstrate the performance of the model reduction method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Joint polarization/waveform design and adaptive receive processing (2015)

Leveraging the design freedom provided by the recently developed polyphase-coded FM (PCFM) waveform structure and the enhanced sensitivity on receive through sidelobe suppression provided by adaptive pulse compression (APC) and its variants, the impact on full polarimetric scattering estimation is examined. By incorporating a Σ-Δ hybrid combiner different polarization modulation schemes are considered. To address the limitation on achievable cross-correlation between the waveforms associated with orthogonal polarization channels, a polarimetric adaptive pulse compression (PAPC) method is derived that is used to isolate adaptively the different polarization components. Results from an open-air experiment are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of PAPC with this new emission structure. A decoupled emission structure is also tested to use as a benchmark for comparison.
Vertical distribution and ontogenetic "migration" in coral reef fish larvae (2010)

Vertical distribution patterns were studied in the community of coral reef fish larvae around Tetiaroa (French Polynesia) using vertically stratified net tows within the first 100 m of the water column. These patterns were examined statistically using an approach based on the center of mass of larval patches. Regression trees first highlighted large differences between taxa, followed by an ontogenetic effect within each taxon. Many families displayed a vertical spread during ontogeny that accounted in part for a downward shift in the distribution of centers of mass. The spread suggests that, throughout ontogeny, individuals move within a wider range of depths rather than migrate downward synchronously. Both the spread and the shift were consistent at the community level despite the taxonomic differences. No difference in mean depth or spread was discernible between day and night, except for Serranidae, which were shallower at night. Environmental factors (such as thermocline depth or current shear) usually explained little variance, except for Lethrinidae and Blennidae, which were consistently deeper when the halocline was deeper. Although the overall effect of the observed ontogenetic spread in such a mildly stratified environment is likely to be small, it might still favor exceptional cases of retention, which can be important given the very low recruitment rate of coral reef fishes.