gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure Mechanisms of Anatomic Porous Replacement I Cementless Total Hip Replacement (1997)

The APR-I Hip System was designed for metaphyseal bone attachment by proximal patch porous coating and the acetabular component was a hemisphere fixed with screws. The results of 100 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties performed with the APR-I were studied in patients still alive after an average of 6.7 years. The selection of hips for implantation of this hip system was limited to those patients in whom a satisfactory intraoperative fit could be obtained. This resulted in a distribution of patients such that 75% were younger than age 65 years and only 15% had osteoporotic bone. The revision rate was 16% with a mechanical failure rate of 11%. Seventy percent of hips had progressive loss of fixation. loss of femoral component fixation was correlated with younger patient age, higher patient activity level, metaphyseal fill of less than 90%, and increased polyethylene wear and osteolysis. Eighty-nine percent of hips maintained femoral neck contact with the porous coated collar. The acetabular component was well fixed in 97% of hips. The failure rate of the APR-I stem is unacceptably high and this stem is no longer used by the authors.
Clinical Decision Support and Closed-Loop Control for Cardiopulmonary Management and Intensive Care Unit Sedation Using Expert Systems (2011)

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who require mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure also frequently require the administration of sedative agents. The need for sedation arises both from patient anxiety due to the loss of personal control and the unfamiliar and intrusive environment of the ICU, and also due to pain or other variants of noxious stimuli. While physicians select the agent(s) used for sedation and cardiovascular function, the actual administration of these agents is the responsibility of the nursing staff. If clinical decision support systems and closed-loop control systems could be developed for critical care monitoring and lifesaving interventions as well as the administration of sedation and cardiopulmonary management, the ICU nurse could be released from the intense monitoring of sedation, allowing her/him to focus on other critical tasks. One particularly attractive strategy is to utilize the knowledge and experience of skilled clinicians, capturing explicitly the rules expert clinicians use to decide on how to titrate drug doses depending on the level of sedation. In this paper, we extend the deterministic rule-based expert system for cardiopulmonary management and ICU sedation framework presented in [1] to a stochastic setting by using probability theory to quantify uncertainty and hence deal with more realistic clinical situations.
Machine learning assisted quantum super-resolution microscopy (2023)

One of the main characteristics of optical imaging systems is spatial resolution, which is restricted by the diffraction limit to approximately half the wavelength of the incident light. Along with the recently developed classical super-resolution techniques, which aim at breaking the diffraction limit in classical systems, there is a class of quantum super-resolution techniques which leverage the non-classical nature of the optical signals radiated by quantum emitters, the so-called antibunching super-resolution microscopy. This approach can ensure a factor of [Formula: see text] improvement in the spatial resolution by measuring the n -th order autocorrelation function. The main bottleneck of the antibunching super-resolution microscopy is the time-consuming acquisition of multi-photon event histograms. We present a machine learning-assisted approach for the realization of rapid antibunching super-resolution imaging and demonstrate 12 times speed-up compared to conventional, fitting-based autocorrelation measurements. The developed framework paves the way to the practical realization of scalable quantum super-resolution imaging devices that can be compatible with various types of quantum emitters.
Static space charge in evaporated ZnS:Mn alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent devices (1998)

The operation of alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices may be strongly affected by the presence of dynamic or static positive space charge within the phosphor layer during device operation. Dynamic space charge is a positive charge in the phosphor layer which is periodically created and annihilated during each period of the applied voltage waveform. In contrast, static space charge is a positive space charge in the phosphor layer whose charge state does not change appreciably during steady-state operation of the ACTFEL device. The static space charge density of evaporated ZnS:Mn ACTFEL devices is estimated to be ∼7×1016 cm−3 from measured trends in the phosphor clamping field as a function of phosphor thickness. This static space charge density estimate implies a cathode clamping field of ∼ 2.2 MV/cm and a clamping interface trap depth of ∼1.5 eV. Furthermore, from transferred charge trends as a function of the phosphor thickness it is concluded that the static space charge in evaporated ZnS:Mn ACTFEL devices arises from metastable hole trapping in the phosphor.
High wallplug efficiency vertical-cavity top-surface emitting laser diodes (1993)

Wallplug efficiencies as high as 12.7% have been achieved for top-emitting VCSELs (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers) by addressing the associated complication of peripheral contacts on proton-bombarded regions in addition to mirror resistance. The two major technical advances that have resulted in the improved wallplug efficiencies are low-resistance p-type DBRs (distributed Bragg reflectors) and low resistance contacts to implanted regions of the DBR. VCSELs designed for 980-nm wavelength have been fabricated from epitaxial material incorporating these advances. Typical device characteristics including 2 mW in the fundamental mode and 2 V thresholds are routinely accomplished. Initially, wallplug efficiencies of 10% were typical; however, subsequent rapid thermal anneals increased the typical efficiency of 11% due to slight decreases in threshold current and slight increases in the initial slope efficiency. The efficiency increased further after an 8 h burn-in at a current of 10 mA. The highest efficiency measured after burn-in was 12.7% and occurred at 1.5 mW in the fundamental mode.
Contextual Fuzzing: Automated Mobile App Testing Under Dynamic Device and Environment Conditions (2013)

App experience drives healthy mobile ecosystems. However, mobile platforms present unique challenges to developers seeking to provide such experiences: device heterogeneity, wireless network diversity, and unpredictable sensor inputs. We propose Context Virtualizer (ConVirt), a cloud-based testing service that addresses two challenges. First, it provides a large set of realistic mobile contextual parameters to developers with emulators. Second, it enables scalable mobile context exploration with app similarity networks. To evaluate the system design, we profile 147 Windows Store mobile apps on our testbed. Results show that we can uncover up to 11 times more crashes than existing testing tools without mobile context. In addition, our app similarity network increases the number of abnormal performances found in a given time by up to 36%, as compared to the current practices.
A cooperative error recovery framework for IPTV over WiMAX (2011)

In this paper, we propose a resource-efficient cooperative multiple-input single-output (MISO) technique to reliably deliver multicast IPTV content in WiMAX networks. To support the strict quality of service requirements of the IPTV service within a cooperative framework, we utilize a two-phase based transmission strategy, which allows the session users to reliably receive the multicast data either from the base station during the multicast phase, or from other peers during the cooperation phase. Within this framework, our objective is to maximize the session throughput, while keeping delivery latency and energy usage within acceptable limits. To achieve this objective, an adaptive rate selection algorithm is proposed to maximize the session throughput for a given set of users. We simulated the proposed reliable content delivery framework and compared its throughput, latency, overhead, and energy usage performances, to that of MIMO-based and non-cooperative (or direct) transmission techniques. When compared to the considered MIMO and direct transmission techniques, we found that the proposed approach presents a desirable balance for the given performance metrics, especially between throughput-efficiency and energy-efficiency.
Distributed object recognition in Visual Sensor Networks (2015)

This work focuses on Visual Sensor Networks (VSNs) which perform visual analysis tasks such as object recognition. There, the goal is to find the image in a reference database which is the closest match to the image captured by camera sensor nodes. Recognition is performed by relying on visual features extracted from the acquired image, which are matched against a database of labeled features in order to find the closest image match. The matching functionalities are often implemented at a central controller outside the VSN. In contrast, we study the performance trade-offs involved in distributing the matching functionalities inside the VSN by letting sensor nodes performing parts of the matching process. We propose an optimization framework to optimally distribute the matching task to in-network sensor nodes with the goal of minimizing the overall completion time of the recognition task. The proposed optimization framework is then used to assess the performance of distributed matching, comparing it to a traditional, centralized approach in realistic VSN scenarios.
Inversion of soil's and immersed objects's electromagnetic parameters symultaneously (2009)

This paper presents results of numerical simulation and algorithm of simultaneous inversion of soil's and immersed object's electromagnetic parameters. Inversion is performed from data of electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing, when all other geometric parameters of the problem are known. Discrimination procedure of subsurface objects such as landmines and unexploded ordnances (UXO) accomplishes higher accuracy when mentioned parameters are determined a priori. A specially, when interaction effects between object its surrounding media is significant and there is no exact information about materials of UXO produced in different time. Combining Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS) with Gauss-Newton minimization algorithm, we developed optimization methodology that simultaneously inverts for the EM parameters of both the object and the surrounding medium.
Crosslinked Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Membranes as Candidate for PEMs (2008)

A series of controlled molecular weight, phenoxide-endcapped, 50% disulfonated BPS 50 copolymers was synthesized. The terminal phenoxide groups were reacted with glycidyl methacrylate via nucleophilic aromatic substitution to produce GMA-BPS 50 copolymers endcapped with crosslinkable glycidyl methacrylate moieties. Various blend compositions in varying weight percents of GMA-BPS 50-5k and 15k copolymers were made and thermally cured in presence of benzoyl peroxide initiator at 90-95 degree C. The cured copolymers were characterized in terms of water uptake,proton conductivity and self-diffusion coefficient of water.
Asymmetry of carrier transport leading to efficiency droop in GaInN based light-emitting diodes (2011)

The effect of the asymmetry in carrier concentration and mobility is studied in GaInN pn-junction light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We propose and present experimental evidence that the asymmetry in carrier concentration and mobility, and associated high-level injection phenomena, cause efficiency droop in GaInN LEDs. Low temperatures exacerbate the degree of asymmetry of the junction by reducing acceptor ionization, and shift high-injection-phenomena to lower currents. Accordingly, at temperatures near 80 K, we measure a greater droop compared to room temperature. The analysis of temperature-dependent I–V curves shows an excellent correlation between the onset of high-level injection and the onset of droop.
Improvement of muscle healing through enhancement of muscle regeneration and prevention of fibrosis (2003)

Skeletal muscle is able to repair itself through regeneration. However, an injured muscle often does not fully recover its strength because complete muscle regeneration is hindered by the development of fibrosis. Biological approaches to improve muscle healing by enhancing muscle regeneration and reducing the formation of fibrosis are being investigated. Previously, we have determined that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can improve muscle regeneration in injured muscle. We also have investigated the use of an antifibrotic agent, decorin, to reduce muscle fibrosis following injury. The aim of this study was to combine these two therapeutic methods in an attempt to develop a new biological approach to promote efficient healing and recovery of strength after muscle injuries. Our findings indicate that further improvement in the healing of muscle lacerations is attained histologically by the combined administration of IGF-1 to enhance muscle regeneration and decorin to reduce the formation of fibrosis. This improvement was not associated with improved responses to physiological testing, at least at the time-points tested in this study.
A Novel Mitigation Mechanism for Photo‐Induced Trapping in an Anthradithiophene Derivative Using Additives (2020)

Abstract A novel trap mitigation mechanism using molecular additives, which relieves a characteristic early turn‐on voltage in a high‐mobility p‐type acene‐based small‐molecule organic semiconductor, when processed from hydrous solvents, is reported. The early turn‐on voltage is attributed to photo‐induced trapping, and additive incorporation is found to be very effective in suppressing this effect. Remarkably, the molecular additive does not disturb the charge transport properties of the small‐molecule semiconductor, but rather intercalates in the crystal structure. This novel technique allows for the solution‐processing of small molecular semiconductors from hydrous solvents, greatly simplifying manufacturing processes for large‐area electronics. Along with various electric and spectroscopic characterization techniques, simulations have given a deeper insight into the trap mitigation effect induced by the additive.
Hydrazine cyanurate as a nitrogen source for thin nitride film growth (1998)

The use of liquid hydrazine (N2H4) as a nitrogen source for nitridation reactions has been restricted because of safety, purity, and difficulties in using a liquid source. Hydrazine cyanurate (HC) is a stable solid complex of N2H4 which can be easily handled and purified before use and which evolves pure N2H4 upon heating, thus making it a promising source of N2H4 for nitridation reactions. In this article, a process for the synthesis of HC has been developed which decreases the H2O content of the evolved N2H4 from 10% when H2O was used as the solvent in the synthesis of HC to 0.7% by replacing H2O with dimethylsulfoxide as the solvent in the synthesis of HC. The use of the purified HC is demonstrated as a solid source in the nitridation of (100) GaAs substrates at 200 °C in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. The nitridated GaAs surfaces were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and were found to be primarily comprised of GaN, GaAs, and Ga2O3. The ratio of the constituent peak heights in the Ga 3d peak of GaN to Ga2O3 was 2.25 in the grown nitride films. The oxide impurities were most likely due to incomplete removal of the native substrate oxide formed prior to growth and were not a product of the nitridation.
Aqueous poly(N-Vinylformamide-co-Vinylamine) as a suitable adhesion promoter for wood veneer/biopolyethylene composite materials (2017)

Wood veneer/biopolyethylene (bio-PE) biocomposite materials were produced by using poly(N-vinylformamide-co-vinylamine) (PVFA-co-PVAm) copolymers as a phase-mediating reagent. In a preliminary step, PVFA-co-PVAm was adsorbed onto the wood veneer component from aqueous solution. In its adsorbed form, it served as an adhesion promoter and improved the compatibility between both the highly polar wood veneer and weakly polar bio-PE surface. Structural parameters and their effect on the adsorption process, such as the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of poly(N-vinylformamide) (PVFA) (30, 50, and &gt; 90%), the molecular weight of PVFA-co-PVAm (Mw 10,000, 45,000, or 340,000 g/mol), and the pH value (4, 7, and 11) influenced the resulting wetting behavior of the PVFA-co-PVAm-modified wood veneer surface. Thus, the hydrophobizing effect of the PVFA-co-PVAm was clearly detectable because the contact angle with water was considerably increased up to 116° by adsorption of PVFA-co-PVAm 9095 at pH 11. The adsorbed amount of PVFA-co-PVAm was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The PVFA-co-PVAm-coated wood veneers were consolidated with bio-PE in a hot press process. The modified composite materials showed remarkably improved Young’s moduli (552 MPa) and tensile strengths (4.5 MPa) compared to former composite materials produced without PVFA-co-PVAm modification.
An analytical diabolo model for robotic learning and control (2020)

In this paper, we present a diabolo model that can be used for training agents in simulation to play diabolo, as well as running it on a real dual robot arm system. We first derive an analytical model of the diabolo-string system and compare its accuracy using data recorded via motion capture, which we release as a public dataset of skilled play with diabolos of different dynamics. We show that our model outperforms a deep-learning-based predictor, both in terms of precision and physically consistent behavior. Next, we describe a method based on optimal control to generate robot trajectories that produce the desired diabolo trajectory, as well as a system to transform higher-level actions into robot motions. Finally, we test our method on a real robot system by playing the diabolo, and throwing it to and catching it from a human player.
Data Supplement from SAR650984, A Novel Humanized CD38-Targeting Antibody, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Activity in Models of Multiple Myeloma and Other CD38<sup>+</sup> Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Table and Figure Legends. Supplementary Table S1. Serum level of IgG in multiple myeloma patient samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Metabolite profiling of plasma and urine from rats with TNBS‐induced acute colitis using UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS‐based metabonomics – a pilot study (2012)

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, a relapsing intestinal condition whose precise etiology is still unclear, has continually increased over recent years. Metabolic profiling is an effective method with high sample throughput that can detect and identify potential biomarkers, and thus may be useful in investigating the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, using a metabonomics approach, a pilot study based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was performed to characterize the metabolic profile of plasma and urine samples of rats with experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Acquired metabolic profile data were processed by multivariate data analysis for differentiation and screening of potential biomarkers. Five metabolites were identified in urine: two tryptophan metabolites [4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid and 4,6-cihydroxyquinoline], two gut microbial metabolites (phenyl-acetylglycine and p-cresol glucuronide), and the bile acid 12α-hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid. Seven metabolites were identified in plasma: three members of the bile acid/alcohol group (cholic acid, 12α-hydroxy-3-oxocholadienic acid and cholestane-3,7,12,24,25-pentol) and four lysophosphatidylcholines [LysoPC(20:4), LysoPC(16:0), LysoPC(18:1) and LysoPC(18:0)]. These metabolites are associated with damage of the intestinal barrier function, microbiota homeostasis, immune modulation and the inflammatory response, and play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Our results positively support application of the metabonomic approach in study of the pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease.
Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Amides of 2-(2′-Carboxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline (2002)

On deprotonation by lithium bistrimethylsilylamide (LBTSA), 2-phthalimidoacetophenone (1) is quantitatively converted to 6H,12H-isoindolo [2,1-a]-6,7a-dihydroxyquinolin-12-one (2); weaker bases proved much less effective. Thermal dehydration of 2 to vinilogous imide 3, then the AlCl3-catalyzed aminolysis by (1S)-arylethylamines afforded (1S)-amides of 2-(2′-carboxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyquinolines (5-7). This sequence represents an efficient assembling of novel chiral heterocycles, potentially useful in enantioselection as ligands or chiral selectors. In situ prepared Pd(II) complexes of 5-7 exhibited catalytic activity in allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-1-acetoxyprop-2-ene (8) by dimethylmalonate anion; the complex of 7 afforded the highest (64%) enantiomeric excess of 1,3-diphenyl-1-dimetylmalonylprop-2-ene (9).
New inspection technology for observing nanometer size defects using expansion soft template (2014)

For sub-10nm lithography for semiconductor devices, inspection technologies for detecting nanometer size defects become quite important. In the case of optical inspection, it is difficult to detect a defect whose size is less than 23nm because of optical resolution limit. This paper describes a cost-effective inspection technology for detecting a nanometer size defect with the optical inspection technology using replicated soft template which is able to enlarge a defect size by expanding. Feasibility of detecting 9.6nm defect with optical inspection is reported.
The impact of PET on the management of lung cancer: the referring physician's perspective. (2002)

This survey-based study of referring physicians suggests that PET has a major impact on staging and management of lung cancer.
Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Multiparametric MR-PET Imaging Predicts Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Response to GDC-0084 in Patients with Recurrent High-Grade Glioma (2020)

Results from this study suggest composite biomarkers created from multiparametric MR-PET imaging targeting metabolic and/or physiologic processes specific to the drug mechanism of action may be useful for subsequent evaluation of treatment efficacy for larger phase II-III studies.