gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of a Thermally Efficient Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Ridge Waveguide NFT on an AlN Heat Sink (2021)

A thermally efficient ridge waveguide near-field transducer (NFT) design on an AlN heat sink is presented. Through simulation, we found our design can achieve thermal efficiency (TE), defined as the ratio of peak temperature rise in the medium to that in the NFT as high as 2.93. The ridge waveguide NFT is placed on a heat sink of high thermal conductivity material AlN, while otherwise surrounded by SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as the top cladding and cavity filling material. The relatively large metallic waveguide structure can dissipate heat effectively even in the presence of finite interface thermal conductance between the NFT and the AlN. Different NFT excitation methods are examined, with an impinging dielectric waveguide mode leading to the highest TE. Some challenges are identified in using excitation by resonant disk structures. We note that surface plasmon is confined inside the NFT cavity, while heat escapes through the outer surface of the NFT, separating the dielectric interfaces responsible for optical propagation and heat transfer. This allows for further reduction in thermal interface resistance by adding an interface adhesion layer like Cr at the NFT/AlN interface without sacrificing optical properties.
Abstract 20: Resident Cardiac Stem Cell Growth Determines the Number of Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in the Mouse Heart (2012)

The objective of this study was to determine the role of c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the formation of the heart during prenatal life, and immediately after birth. Mice in which EGFP is under the control of the c-kit-promoter were employed to measure the number of CSCs (Ns), the fraction of cycling MCM5-positive CSCs (f) and the length of the cell cycle (Ts) in CSCs. The number of CSCs committed to the myocyte lineage (LCC: lineage committed cells) included myocyte progenitors (c-kit-positive, Nkx2.5-positive cells), myocyte precursors (c-kit-positive, Nkx2.5-positive, and α-sarcomeric actin-positive cells) and replicating amplifying myocytes (c-kit-negative, Nkx2.5-positive, α-sarcomeric actin-positive, and MCM5-positive cells). These variables derived from CSC growth and lineage specification were evaluated to define the rate of formation of terminally differentiated myocytes (r). Based on a hierarchically structured cell organization, the rate of entry (Rs) of CSCs into the cell cycle was computed from Rs = f x (Ns/Ts), and the rate of generation of mature myocytes, r, was obtained from r = Rs x 2 Gt = ((f x Ns)/Ts) x 2 Gt . The exponent Gt defines the number of transit generations, i.e., the number of divisions that one CSC has to go through before it acquires the terminally differentiated myocyte phenotype. To validate this scenario and establish the number of post-mitotic myocytes formed, the primary data listed above were collected at E9, E14, E19 and P1. The number of mature cardiomyocytes generated by 1 CSC in 1 day was 1.1 x 10 3 , 20 x 10 3 , 501 x 10 3 , and 440 x 10 3 at E9, E14, E19 and P1, respectively. The total number of myocytes (Nm) formed from E9 to E14, E19 and P1 was derived from an exponential equation with the best fit to the experimental data: Nm = exp (0.69 x t) where Nm is the number of myocytes and t is time in days. Accordingly, CSCs generated 1 x 10 5 , 1 x 10 6 and 1.8 x 10 6 myocytes at from E9 to E14, E19 and P1, respectively. These values accounted for all parenchymal cells present at mid and late gestation and in the neonatal heart measured morphometrically. Thus, the expansion of the myocyte mass during embryonic, fetal and immediate postnatal development is controlled by activation, growth and differentiation of resident c-kit-positive CSCs.
Traffic4D: Single View Reconstruction of Repetitious Activity Using Longitudinal Self-Supervision (2021)

Reconstructing 4D vehicular activity (3D space and time) from cameras is useful for autonomous vehicles, commuters and local authorities to plan for smarter and safer cities. Traffic is inherently repetitious over long periods, yet current deep learning-based 3D reconstruction methods have not considered such repetitions and have difficulty generalizing to new intersection-installed cameras. We present a novel approach exploiting longitudinal (long-term) repetitious motion as self-supervision to reconstruct 3D vehicular activity from a video captured by a single fixed camera. Starting from off-the-shelf 2D keypoint detections, our algorithm optimizes 3D vehicle shapes and poses, and then clusters their trajectories in 3D space. The 2D keypoints and trajectory clusters accumulated over long-term are later used to improve the 2D and 3D keypoints via self-supervision without any human annotation. Our method improves reconstruction accuracy over state of the art on scenes with a significant visual difference from the keypoint detector's training data, and has many applications including velocity estimation, anomaly detection and vehicle counting. We demonstrate results on traffic videos captured at multiple city intersections, collected using our smartphones, YouTube, and other public datasets.
Microbial Clogging of Saturated Soils and Aquifer Materials: Evaluation of Mathematical Models (1995)

Bacterial reductions of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of natural porous media appear to be caused by a wide range of mechanisms, few of which have been carefully studied. Nevertheless, a number of mathematical models have been developed in recent years to describe the microbial clogging process, based on the assumption that bacterial cells form impermeable biofilms uniformly covering pore walls. In the present study, two independent sets of experimental data available in the literature are used to test the existing bioclogging models. To broaden the scope of the assessment, an additional model, initially developed to describe the deep filtration of suspended colloids, is also included in the comparisons. Analysis of the experimental data reveals a clear relationship between the texture of a porous medium and the ability of a given level of biomass to reduce its saturated hydraulic conductivity; at equal biomass, clogging is much more pronounced in fine‐textured materials than in coarse‐textured ones. In addition, the results of the model comparisons suggest that none of the existing models can predict satisfactorily the saturated hydraulic conductivity reductions observed in fine sands, whereas they fare somewhat better in coarser materials. It is argued that this inadequacy of existing models is due to the continuous biofilm assumption on which they are founded. Indeed, a simplistic model that assumes the biomass to be distributed as plugs instead of as continuous biofilms produces quantitatively much improved predictions of the saturated hydraulic conductivity reductions. Reference is made to the consequences of this observation in terms of future research.
Design of RFID Sensor Tag for Cheese Quality Monitoring (2019)

This paper discusses the design of an RFID tag for detecting the maturation level of Swiss-type cheese during its ripening process. Several parameters such as carbon dioxide concentration, wheel size, and pressure inside cheese packaging were studied in order to determine the correlation between their variations and the level of cheese maturation. Two configurations of RFID sensor tags were designed and measured. The first sensor tag configuration was based on a stretch sensor in order to detect the increase of the cheese wheel diameter when it starts to swell due to maturation. The second RFID tag design was based on a low power pressure sensor in order to monitor the pressure variation inside the packaging of cheese during the ripening process. Results obtained from both configurations showed a significant variation of the sensors values during the ripening process.
EFFECTS OF TOPOISOMERASES INHIBITORS PROTOBERBERINE ON LEISHMANIA DONOVANI GROWTH, MACROPHAGE FUNCTION, AND INFECTION (2003)

DNA topoisomerases play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell division. Inhibition of Leishmania spp. topoisomerases represents an alternative to control parasite growth. Cancer research led to the development of several potent topoisomerase inhibitors such as topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II, or both (monobenzimidazole, terbenzimidazole, and protoberberine alkaloid-related compounds) that are effective antitumor agents. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of these compounds against Leishmania spp. growth in vitro. Some protoberberine compounds showed pronounced antileishmanial activity and were selected for further analysis in macrophages. These compounds did not affect macrophage viability and only slightly reduced macrophage nitric oxide generation in response to interferon-gamma. Moreover, exposure of infected macrophages to these compounds significantly reduced parasite loads. Collectively, our data suggest that protoberberine-related compounds have powerful antileishmania action and that minor structural variations among them can substantially improve their activity to restrict Leishmania spp. infection in vitro.
Rephasing (1995)

We introduce a transformation, named rephasing, that manipulates the timing parameters in control-dataflow graphs. Traditionally high-level synthesis systems for DSP have either assumed that all the relative times, called phases, when corresponding samples are available at input and delay nodes are zero or have automatically assigned values to as part of the scheduling step when software pipelining is simultaneously applied.
Imitating Past Successes can be Very Suboptimal (2022)

Prior work has proposed a simple strategy for reinforcement learning (RL): label experience with the outcomes achieved in that experience, and then imitate the relabeled experience. These outcome-conditioned imitation learning methods are appealing because of their simplicity, strong performance, and close ties with supervised learning. However, it remains unclear how these methods relate to the standard RL objective, reward maximization. In this paper, we formally relate outcome-conditioned imitation learning to reward maximization, drawing a precise relationship between the learned policy and Q-values and explaining the close connections between these methods and prior EM-based policy search methods. This analysis shows that existing outcome-conditioned imitation learning methods do not necessarily improve the policy, but a simple modification results in a method that does guarantee policy improvement, under some assumptions.
Self-assembled Nano-layering at the Adhesive Interface (2012)

According to the 'Adhesion-Decalcification' concept, specific functional monomers within dental adhesives can ionically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Such ionic bonding has been demonstrated for 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) to manifest in the form of self-assembled 'nano-layering'. However, it remained to be explored if such nano-layering also occurs on tooth tissue when commercial MDP-containing adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray; Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) were applied following common clinical application protocols. We therefore characterized adhesive-dentin interfaces chemically, using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultrastructurally, using (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM). Both adhesives revealed nano-layering at the adhesive interface, not only within the hybrid layer but also, particularly for Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), extending into the adhesive layer. Since such self-assembled nano-layering of two 10-MDP molecules, joined by stable MDP-Ca salt formation, must make the adhesive interface more resistant to biodegradation, it may well explain the documented favorable clinical longevity of bonds produced by 10-MDP-based adhesives.
XmAb Fc engineered anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies with enhanced in vitro efficacy against multiple lymphoma cell lines (2007)

3021 Background: CD19 is a pan-B cell surface receptor that is expressed from early stages of pre-B cell development through terminal differentiation into plasma cells. It is an attractive immunotherapy target for cancers of lymphoid origin since it is also expressed on the vast majority of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) cells as well as some leukemias. Despite major improvements in response rates and progression free survival the majority of NHL patients will relapse under the current combination chemotherapy with anti-CD20. Thus salvage regimens with new non-cross resistant antibody therapies are warranted. Methods: We employ our XmAb antibody engineering technology to increase the affinity of IgG antibodies for Fc gamma receptors (FcγR), improve the effector function of antibodies, and significantly increases their antitumor potency; we also we humanize and affinity mature such antibodies. Results: The XmAb technology was applied to a humanized anti-CD19 antibody to engineer a variant with significantly enhanced (10- to 100-fold) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The resulting XmAb CD19 variant was assayed for ADCC against multiple cell lines representative of follicular lymphoma (FL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). The ADCC activity of the XmAb CD19 was in striking contrast to a wild type IgG1 version of the antibody that mediates little ADCC. Moreover, ADCC potency and efficacy of the anti-CD19 Fc variant antibody were superior to that of rituximab: CLL - 10- and 1.5-fold higher, ALL - 10- and 100-fold higher, and HCL - 6- and 1.2-fold higher, respectively. Further, we observed no correlation between ADCC and antigen expression based on the measured cell surface density of CD19 for these cell lines. Conclusions: The increased affinity for FcγRs exhibited by the anti-CD19 Fc variant antibody overcomes much of the dependence of cytotoxicity on surface antigen density. Our data suggest that the anti-CD19 Fc variant antibody engineered for increased effector function could be a promising next-generation NHL immunotherapeutic. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Continuous Characterization of Permittivity over a Wide Bandwidth Using a Cavity Resonator (2020)

We examine a rectangular cavity resonator method to accurately characterize the complex permittivity of dielectric materials over a wide frequency range of 1–5 GHz by exploiting the fundamental mode and higher-order TE&lt;sub&gt;(1,0,&lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; modes. For this purpose, a rectangular waveguide is coupled with a cavity resonator through a large inductive aperture. The permittivity characterization at both even and odd TE&lt;sub&gt;(1,0,&lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; modes enables continuous determination of the permittivity over operating frequencies. The characterization of the permittivity for even TE&lt;sub&gt;(1,0,&lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; modes suffers from potential errors due to the displacement of materials. This paper also proposes a method to compensate for these errors and improve the accuracy in the even modes. The experimental results of the fabricated cavity are presented using different materials (frequency-independent and frequency-dependent). The measured complex permittivity results show a good agreement with the reported results over a wide bandwidth available in the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenochalasins, Inhibitors of Lipid Droplet Formation in Mouse Macrophages, Produced by Phomopsis sp. FT‐0211. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine on Isolated Human Pregnant Myometrium Contractility (2008)

The concentrations required for the effects on amplitude are much higher (33 fold) than the clinically relevant plasma concentrations of these drugs after epidural administration, and are unlikely to be significant in the setting of low-dose epidural analgesia in labor.
Probabilistic document model for automated document composition (2011)

We present a new paradigm for automated document composition based on a generative, unified probabilistic document model (PDM) that models document composition. The model formally incorporates key design variables such as content pagination, relative arrangement possibilities for page elements and possible page edits. These design choices are modeled jointly as coupled random variables (a Bayesian Network) with uncertainty modeled by their probability distributions. The overall joint probability distribution for the network assigns higher probability to good design choices. Given this model, we show that the general document layout problem can be reduced to probabilistic inference over the Bayesian network. We show that the inference task may be accomplished efficiently, scaling linearly with the content in the best case. We provide a useful specialization of the general model and use it to illustrate the advantages of soft probabilistic encodings over hard one-way constraints in specifying design aesthetics.
The potential diagnostic use of K-ras codon 12 andp53 alterations in brush cytology from the pancreatic head region (1998)

It can be difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign disease of the region of the head of the pancreas using conventional methods. K-ras and p53 alterations occur frequently in malignancies in this region and are therefore candidate tumour markers. To define the utility of these alterations in interpreting pancreatic head cytology, the present study investigated to what extent alterations in the carcinomas were detectable on cytology and whether the alterations found in the cytology came from the carcinomas. Fifty-seven consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomy resection specimens (52 with a malignancy and five without) and the ductal brush cytology specimens collected post-operatively from these resection specimens were compared for the presence of K-ras and p53 alterations. K-ras mutations were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization, and p53 alterations using immunochemical staining for the p53 gene product. After discrepancy analysis, the results from the resection specimens and corresponding brush cytology specimens were identical in 88 per cent for the K-ras analysis and in 84 per cent for the p53 analysis. In two cases, K-ras mutations found in the brush cytology specimens were not derived from the carcinoma but from pancreatic ductal hyperplasias. Intratumour heterogeneity and sampling error were also identified as causes for discrepant results. The five resection specimens without a malignancy and the corresponding brush cytology specimens were negative for both genetic alterations. In conclusion, the detection of K-ras and p53 alterations in cells obtained from the pancreatic head region might be a valuable adjunct to conventional cytology for the diagnosis of malignancies in the pancreatic head region. However, intratumour heterogeneity, mucinous pancreatic duct hyperplasia harbouring K-ras mutations, and sampling error will hinder their diagnostic accuracy in routine clinical use.
Performance of a new burst-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier for uplink radio-over-fiber signal transmission (2014)

We investigated the performance of the latest burst-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (BM-EDFA) for uplink transmission of radio-over-fiber signals by using the long-term evolution advanced format. The new BM-EDFA was designed to have high linearity in the high output power range. Compared with conventional EDFAs, we observed lower error vector magnitudes over a wide range of optical input power.
Low-pass Active Filter Enabling DVB-H/T and GSM Standard Coexistence (2007)

This paper deals with the design of a novel UHF band low-pass active filter aiming to allow the coexistence in a single terminal of the respective standards, DVB-H/T for digital TV reception and GSM for cellular telephony. The filter concept is based on a common 11-pole generalized Chebyshev low-pass network suitably modified to isolate the standard bands. The approach consists in adding only a single negative resistance in the network in order to compensate for the overall losses near the cut-off frequency and enhance the selectivity of the filter. Key parameters as stability, noise factor, linearity and power consumption have been considered in the design of this active filter. Also, experimental prototypes based on conventional discrete surface mount components and assembled on a FR4 substrate have been built up in order to prove this new concept.
Study on the effects of soluble microbial product on phosphate adsorption onto fresh hydrous ferric oxides by surface complexation models (2016)

As one of the major soluble organic compounds in membrane bioreactors, soluble microbial product (SMP) can combine the surface sites on hydrous ferric oxides (HFO), which can compete with HFO for the uptake of phosphate. In this study, SMP was extracted from an MBR plant with long-term stable operation, and the effects of SMP on phosphate adsorption onto fresh HFO (FHFO) were investigated at pH values of 6.0 and 7.8 in a two-phase system composed of FHFO (solid phase) and SMP/phosphate (liquid phase). The phosphate adsorption capacity of FHFO was found to decrease significantly with increase in the pH value and SMP concentration. A diffuse layer model (DLM) and a charge distribution multisite complexation (CD-MUSIC) model, which take these factors into account, were developed to describe the speciation of SMP and phosphate on FHFO surface. Both of the models provided good description of phosphate adsorption behavior in the presence of SMP at different pH. The equilibrium constants of surface complexation reactions between SMP and HFO were obtained by inversion calculation as log<sub>10</sub>K = 15.1 ± 0.11 in DLM model and log<sub>10</sub>K = 12.1 ± 0.5 in CD-MUSIC model, which can improve the equilibrium constants database of surface complexation models.
Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of resonance properties of microwave capacitors (2001)

Abstract The finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) field simulations have been employed to visualize standing‐wave patterns in single‐layer, rectangular, planar capacitors and capacitor chips. These patterns are used for the analysis of the resonant mode types, and for the determination of the resonance frequencies. The results of simulation are experimentally verified by measuring the S ‐parameter spectra. In addition, we show that the dimensions of the capacitor plates can be optimized in order to maximize the first resonant frequency of the capacitor, rendering it useful for high‐frequency applications. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 54–60, 2001.