gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of Enzymes within Polymer Spheres To Create Optical Nanosensors for Oxidative Stress (2005)

We describe the fabrication and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel spheres containing the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for application as optical nanosensors for hydrogen peroxide. HRP was encapsulated in PEG hydrogel spheres by reverse emulsion photopolymerization, yielding spheres with a size range from 250 to 350 nm. Encapsulated HRP activity and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide were investigated by the Amplex Red assay based on the fluorescence response as a function of H2O2. These HRP-loaded spheres were then introduced to murine macrophages with Amplex Red in the culture media. After phagocytosis, the biocompatibility of spheres was determined by live cell staining using calcein AM (5 microM). The HRP-loaded PEG hydrogel spheres were activated (i.e., fluorescent oxidized Amplex Red produced within the spheres) by oxidative stresses such as exogenous H2O2 (100 microM) and lipopolysaccharide (1 microg/mL), which induced the production of endogenous peroxide inside macrophages. The results presented here indicate that after polymerization, the enzyme activity of HRP was still maintained and that using these HRP-containing nanospheres, peroxide production could be sensed locally within cells.
Sound and complete relevance assessment for XML retrieval (2008)

In information retrieval research, comparing retrieval approaches requires test collections consisting of documents, user requests and relevance assessments. Obtaining relevance assessments that are as sound and complete as possible is crucial for the comparison of retrieval approaches. In XML retrieval, the problem of obtaining sound and complete relevance assessments is further complicated by the structural relationships between retrieval results. A major difference between XML retrieval and flat document retrieval is that the relevance of elements (the retrievable units) is not independent of that of related elements. This has major consequences for the gathering of relevance assessments. This article describes investigations into the creation of sound and complete relevance assessments for the evaluation of content-oriented XML retrieval as carried out at INEX, the evaluation campaign for XML retrieval. The campaign, now in its seventh year, has had three substantially different approaches to gather assessments and has finally settled on a highlighting method for marking relevant passages within documents—even though the objective is to collect assessments at element level. The different methods of gathering assessments at INEX are discussed and contrasted. The highlighting method is shown to be the most reliable of the methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophoretic Fabrication of Positive Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Acquisition Time for Ground-to-Satellite Optical Communication System in Weak Atmospheric Turbulence with Spatial Diversity (2010)

Abstract In this article, various issues involved in a ground-to-satellite optical communication link (i.e., acquisition time, uncertainty area, and channel noise) are discussed. Acquisition time of a free-space optical link is evaluated for coherent (sub-carrier BPSK and QPSK) and non-coherent (OOK and -PPM) modulation schemes over weak turbulent channel with transmit diversity. In the analysis, both uncorrelated and correlated beams are considered. It is seen that an increase in transmit diversity order helps to improve the acquisition time, irrespective of turbulence strength in the atmosphere. At high correlation, a marginal change in acquisition time is observed with the increase in diversity order.
Functionalization of WS2 Nanotubes with Fluorescent C‐dots and Conductive Polythiophenes (2019)

Abstract Multifunctional nanoparticles have attracted significant interest for their multifunctional applications. Described herein is the building of a new hybrid nanocomposite particle, conjugating tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) nanotubes (NTs) to fluorescent carbon dots (C‐dots). Hybrid WS 2 ‐C‐dots hyb‐NTs nanomaterials are prepared by a hydrothermal reaction of PEDOT Ac ‐WS 2 NTs, where the PEDOT Ac (poly 2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxine‐2‐carboxylic acid) polymer serves as the C‐dots precursor. The physical and chemical properties of the as‐synthesized WS 2 ‐C‐dots hyb‐NTs are determined by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CHNSO analysis, and fluorescence, Raman, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The WS 2 ‐C‐dots hyb‐NTs are shown to be very stable at normal room temperature and pressure and could be useful for multicolor cell imaging and targeted cell killing.
Do Claims-based Comorbidities Adequately Capture Case Mix for Surgical Site Infections? (2014)

Claims-based risk-adjustment models for surgical site infections in THA and TKA appear to be adequately calibrated but lack predictive discrimination, particularly with TKAs. The addition of clinical risk factors improves the discriminative ability of the models to a moderate degree; however, addition of clinical factors did not change calibrations, as the models showed reasonable degrees of calibration. When used in the clinical setting, the predictive performance of claims-based risk-adjustment models may be improved further with inclusion of additional clinical data elements.
Analysis of aflatoxins in nonalcoholic beer using liquid–liquid extraction and ultraperformance LC‐MS/MS (2012)

Aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and posses a potential threat to food safety. In the present work, liquid-liquid extraction and ultraperformance LC-MS/MS method has been applied for the determination of four naturally occurring aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 in nonalcoholic beer. Aflatoxins extraction from nonalcoholic beer was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The effects of solvent-types were studied to obtain maximum recovery of the target analytes with minimum contamination. Among different solvents, the aflatoxins extraction was best achieved using ethyl acetate. The obtained recoveries were ranged from 85 to 96% with good quality parameters: LOD values between 0.001 and 0.003 ng/mL, linearity of the calibration curve (r(2) > 0.999), and repeatability (run-to-run) and reproducibility (day-to-day) precisions with RSDs lower than 5% (n = 5) achieved at 0.50 ng/mL concentration. The optimized liquid-liquid extraction in combination with ultraperformance LC-MS/MS was applied successfully to the analysis of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 aflatoxins in 11 nonalcoholic beers and were detected up to 15.31 ng/L in some of the samples.
Konstruktionsprinzip für DNA‐Rotaxane mit mechanisch versteifter PX100‐Achse (2012)

Formtreue Achsen auf der Basis paranemischer DNA-Überkreuzungen können als Bauelemente für die Herstellung mechanisch stabiler DNA-Rotaxane genutzt werden. Die dazu erforderlichen Konstruktionsstrategien liefern allgemein anwendbare Richtlinien für den Einbau mechanisch verzahnter DNA-Architekturen in formstabile DNA-Bauelemente oder Origamistrukturen. DNA-Rotaxane mit versteiften Achsen können als Vorstufen für den Aufbau komplexer molekularer Maschinen zur Kraftübertragung dienen.
Magnetic Field Effect on Droplets of Dia- and Para-Magnetic Liquids (1997)

The magnetic field effect on the formation of a water droplet was investigated by measuring the volume of water droplets formed in a magnet with a vertical field distribution. The maximum field was 9 T at the center of the magnet bore. The droplet volume increased significantly on the upper side of the magnet with a strong field gradient and decreased at the lower side. Measurements were also carried out for several diamagnetic and paramagnetic aqueous liquids, and showed that the same effect was introduced by the presence of a magnetic force. The results agreed with those of calculation. We also succeeded in controlling the droplet volume under a magnetic field of below 1 T by forming a droplet of a liquid in another liquid of similar density.
Serum Potassium Levels and Outcome in Acute Heart Failure (Data from the PROTECT and COACH Trials) (2016)

Serum potassium is routinely measured at admission for acute heart failure (AHF), but information on association with clinical variables and prognosis is limited. Potassium measurements at admission were available in 1,867 patients with AHF in the original cohort of 2,033 patients included in the Patients Hospitalized with acute heart failure and Volume Overload to Assess Treatment Effect on Congestion and Renal FuncTion trial. Patients were grouped according to low potassium (<3.5 mEq/l), normal potassium (3.5 to 5.0 mEq/l), and high potassium (>5.0 mEq/l) levels. Results were verified in a validation cohort of 1,023 patients. Mean age of patients was 71 ± 11 years, and 66% were men. Low potassium was present in 115 patients (6%), normal potassium in 1,576 (84%), and high potassium in 176 (9%). Potassium levels increased during hospitalization (0.18 ± 0.69 mEq/l). Patients with high potassium more often used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists before admission, had impaired baseline renal function and a better diuretic response (p = 0.005), independent of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist usage. During 180-day follow-up, a total of 330 patients (18%) died. Potassium levels at admission showed a univariate linear association with mortality (hazard ratio [log] 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 5.23; p = 0.034) but not after multivariate adjustment. Changes of potassium levels during hospitalization or potassium levels at discharge were not associated with outcome after multivariate analysis. Results in the validation cohort were similar to the index cohort. In conclusion, high potassium levels at admission are associated with an impaired renal function but a better diuretic response. Changes in potassium levels are common, and overall levels increase during hospitalization. In conclusion, potassium levels at admission or its change during hospitalization are not associated with mortality after multivariate adjustment.
From Intra-Datacenter Interconnects to Metro Networks: Does CV-QKD Need Loss- or Bandwidth-Conscious Receivers? (2022)

We experimentally compare a loss-optimized coherent heterodyne and a bandwidth-blessed intradyne CV-QKD architecture. We find the former to prevail performance-wise for medium/long link reach, while the latter features a 5-9 dB higher secure-key rate over short reach.
Single strand targeted triplex formation: targeting purine-pyrimidine mixed sequences using abasic linkers (1995)

Foldback triplex-forming oligonucleotides (FTFOs) that contain an abasic linker, [2-(4-aminobutyr-1-yl)-1,3-propanediol] (APD linker), in the Hoogsteen domain against pyrimidine bases of a C:G and a T:A base pair were studied for their relative stability and sequence specificity of triplex formation. In general, the APD linker has less destabilizing effect against a C:G base pair than a T:A base pair. Incorporation of three APD linker moieties resulted in decreased binding to the target, which was comparable to results observed with three imperfectly matched natural base triplets. The APD linker incorporation did not result in the loss of sequence specificity of FTFOs, unlike in the case of normal triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs). The introduction of a positively charged abasic linker, however, resulted in decreased stability of the triplex, because of loss of hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions in the major groove. The results of a molecular modeling study show that APD linker can be readily incorporated without any change in the conformation of the natural sugar-phosphate backbone conserving overall triple helix geometry. Further, the modeling study suggests a hydrogen bond formation between the amino group of linker and N4 of cytosine mediated by a solvent molecule (water) in the floor of the base triplet in addition to a contribution from the positive charge on the APD linker amino group. Either a direct or water-mediated hydrogen bond between the amino group of the APD linker and the O4 of thymine is unlikely when the linker is placed against a T:A base pair.
INTRODUCING TECHNOLOGY INTO ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE (2005)

Callaghan, John J. MD; Moderator1; Crowninshield, Roy D. PhD2; Greenwald, A. Seth DPhil(Oxon)3; Lieberman, Jay R. MD4; Rosenberg, Aaron G. MD5; Lewallen, David G. MD6 Author Information
Low-loss integrated photonics for the blue and ultraviolet regime (2019)

We present a low-loss integrated photonics platform in the visible and near ultraviolet (UV) regime. Fully etched waveguides based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide operate in a single transverse mode with <3 dB/cm propagation loss at a wavelength of 371 nm. Ring resonators with intrinsic quality factors exceeding 470 000 are demonstrated at 405 nm, and the thermo-optic coefficient of ALD aluminum oxide is estimated to be 2.75 × 10−5 (RIU/°C). Absorption loss is sufficiently low to allow on-resonance operation with intra-cavity powers up to at least 12.5 mW, limited by available laser power. Experimental and simulated data indicate that the propagation loss is dominated by sidewall roughness, suggesting that lower loss in the blue and UV is achievable.
Optical-switch Benes architecture based on 2-D MEMS (2006)

This paper presents a novel implementation scheme of the Benes network based on the 2-D MEMS technology. A recursive design procedure is proposed defining the switch geometry for any optical port-count. An analytical approach is adopted to provide a scalability evaluation of the architecture based upon basic parameters such as number of mirrors, substrate area, longest optical path and highest number of reflections
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF PYRIDO(4,3‐B)INDOLE (Γ‐CARBOLINE) (1981)

Abstract Es werden einige Reaktionen des γ‐Carbolins (I) beschrieben, z.B. die Nitrierung zu (II) und (III), die Oxidation zum N‐Oxid (IV) und die N‐Aminierung zu (VI).
Beam Training Optimization in Millimeter-wave Systems under Beamwidth, Modulation and Coding Constraints (2019)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands have the potential to enable significantly high data rates in wireless systems. In order to overcome intense path loss and severe shadowing in these bands, it is essential to employ directional beams for data transmission. Furthermore, it is known that the mmWave channel incorporates a few number of spatial clusters necessitating additional time to align the corresponding beams with the channel prior to data transmission. This procedure is known as beam training (BT). While a longer BT leads to more directional beams (equivalently higher beamforming gains), there is less time for data communication. In this paper, this trade-off is investigated for a time slotted system under practical constraints such as finite beamwidth resolution and discrete modulation and coding schemes. At each BT time slot, the access point (AP) scans a region of uncertainty by transmitting a probing packet and refines angle of arrival (AoA) estimate based on user equipment (UE) feedback. Given a total number time slots, the objective is to find the optimum allocation between BT and data transmission and a feasible beamwidth for the estimation of AoA at each BT time slot such that the expected throughput is maximized. It is shown that the problem satisfies the optimal substructure property enabling the use of a backward dynamic programming approach to find the optimal solution with polynomial computational complexity. Simulation results reveal that in practical scenarios, the proposed approach outperforms existing techniques such as exhaustive and bisection search.
CXCR4 activation maintains a stem cell population in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells through AhR signalling (2012)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 maintains a cancer progenitor population in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells through AhR signalling and could be a putative target for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers.
STEROIDS III. 12-METHYLENEPROGESTERONE (1962)

not available
Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide-Mediated Ketone Enolization:  The Influence of Hindered Dialkyl Ethers and Isostructural Dialkylamines on Reaction Rates and Mechanisms (2003)

Mechanistic studies of the enolization of 2-methylcyclohexanone mediated by lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS; TMS(2)NLi) solvated by hindered dialkyl ethers (ROR') are described. Rate studies using in situ IR spectroscopy show that enolizations in the presence of i-Pr(2)O, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, and cineole proceed via dimer-based transition structures [(TMS(2)NLi)(2)(ROR')(ketone)]. Comparing the relative solvation energies and the corresponding solvent-dependent activation energies shows that the highly substituted ethers accelerate the enolizations by sterically destabilizing the reactants and stabilizing the transition structures. Comparisons of hindered dialkyl ethers with their isostructural dialkylamines reveal that the considerably higher rates elicited by the amines derive from an analogous relative destabilization of the reactants and relative stabilization of the transition structures.
Mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis largely through cytoplasmic acidification (2016)

ATP production requires the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial uncouplers dissipate this proton gradient and disrupt numerous cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, mainly through energy depletion. Here we show that Endosidin9 (ES9), a novel mitochondrial uncoupler, is a potent inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in different systems and that ES9 induces inhibition of CME not because of its effect on cellular ATP, but rather due to its protonophore activity that leads to cytoplasm acidification. We show that the known tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostinA23, which is routinely used to block CME, displays similar properties, thus questioning its use as a specific inhibitor of cargo recognition by the AP-2 adaptor complex via tyrosine motif-based endocytosis signals. Furthermore, we show that cytoplasm acidification dramatically affects the dynamics and recruitment of clathrin and associated adaptors, and leads to reduction of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate from the plasma membrane.
Serum levels of IGF‐1 are related to human skin characteristics including the conspicuousness of facial pores (2010)

Conspicuous facial pores are one type of serious aesthetic defects for many women. However, the mechanism(s) that underlie the conspicuousness of facial pores remains unclear. We previously characterized the epidermal architecture around facial pores that correlates with the appearance of those pores in various ethnic groups including Japanese. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between facial pore size, the severity of impairment of epidermal architecture around facial pores and sebum output levels to investigate the possible role of IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of conspicuous facial pores. The subjects consisted of 38 healthy Japanese women (aged 22-41 years). IGF-1 was measured using immunoradiometric assay. Surface replicas were collected to compare pore sizes of cheek skin and horizontal cross-section images of cheek skin were obtained non-invasively from the same subjects using in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy and the severity of impairment of epidermal architecture around facial pores was determined. The skin surface lipids of each subject were collected from their cheeks and lipid classes were determined using gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. The serum level of IGF-1 correlated significantly with total pore area (R = 0.36, P < 0.05), with the severity of impairment of epidermal architecture around facial pores (R = 0.43, P < 0.05) and with sebum output levels (R = 0.41, P < 0.01). The sebum output levels correlated with total pore area (R = 0.32, P < 0.05). Our study found that serum levels of IGF-1 are correlated with facial skin characteristics including facial pore size and with the severity of impairment of epidermal architecture around facial pores.
Patterned dye structures limit reabsorption in luminescent solar concentrators (2010)

This work describes a method for limiting internal losses of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) due to reabsorption through patterning the fluorescent dye doped coating of the LSC. By engineering the dye coating into regular line patterns with fill factors ranging from 20 - 80%, the surface coverage of the dye molecules were reduced, thereby decreasing the probability of the re-emitted light encountering another dye molecule and the probability of reabsorption. Two types of fluorescent dyes with different quantum yields were used to examine the effects of patterning on LSC performance. The effect of various dimension and geometry of the patterns on the efficiency and edge emission of LSC are presented and analyzed.
Performance of Polarimetric Beamformers for Phased Array Radio\n Telescopes (2011)

The results of four recently introduced beamforming schemes for phased array\nsystems are discussed, each of which is capable to provide high sensitivity and\naccurate polarimetric performance of array-based radio telescopes. Ideally, a\nradio polarimeter should recover the actual polarization state of the celestial\nsource, and thus compensate for unwanted polarization degradation effects which\nare intrinsic to the instrument. In this paper, we compare the proposed\nbeamforming schemes through an example of a practical phased array system\n(APERTIF prototype) and demonstrate that the optimal beamformer, the max-SLNR\nbeamformer, the eigenvector beamformer, and the bi-scalar beamformer are\nsensitivity equivalent but lead to different polarization state solutions, some\nof which are sub-optimal.\n
PROMPT: Learning Dynamic Resource Allocation Policies for Network Applications (2022)

A growing number of service providers are exploring methods to improve server utilization and reduce power consumption by co-scheduling high-priority latency-critical workloads with best-effort workloads. This practice requires strict resource allocation between workloads to reduce contention and maintain Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees. Prior work demonstrated promising opportunities to dynamically allocate resources based on workload demand, but may fail to meet QoS objectives in more stringent operating environments due to the presence of resource allocation cliffs, transient fluctuations in workload performance, and rapidly changing resource demand. We therefore propose PROMPT, a novel resource allocation framework using proactive QoS prediction to guide a reinforcement learning controller. PROMPT enables more precise resource optimization, more consistent handling of transient behaviors, and more robust generalization when co-scheduling new best-effort workloads not encountered during policy training. Evaluation shows that the proposed method incurs 4.2x fewer QoS violations, reduces severity of QoS violations by 12.7x, improves best-effort workload performance, and improves overall power efficiency over prior work.