gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Surgical treatment for mitral valve defects with preponderance of mitral stenosis and high pulmonary vascular resistance. Clinical and hemodynamic observations 6 months after valve replacement]. (1993)

10 patients with isolated or predominant mitral stenosis (mean mitral valve area 0.9 cm) and high preoperative values of pulmonary vascular resistance (mean 7.2 Wood units) were chosen for further hemodynamic postoperation evaluation. The patients had normal function of the aortic valve and no significant stenosis of coronary arteries. Hemodynamic evaluation was done by floating Swan-Ganz catheter preoperatively at rest and 6 months after mitral valve replacement at rest and during bicycle cycloergometer test in the supine position. Significant improvement in NYHA class was noted. Preoperatively 6 patients were in NYHA III class, 4 in NYHA IV class. After mitral valve replacement 4 patients were in class III and 6 in class II. Before mitral valve replacement only 3 patients were able to perform 25 Watt test. After surgery all except one performed at least 25 W. There was a significant decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance from 7.2 +/- 2.2 preoperatively to 3.1 +/- 1.9 Wood units at rest after the operation. Post operation during exercise pulmonary vascular resistance attained 4.2 +/- 1.9 Wood units. These changes were due to a fall in mean pulmonary artery pressure 49 +/- 13 at rest preoperatively to 25 +/- 6 mm Hg (rest) and 43 +/- 14 mm Hg (23 W) postoperatively and a rise in stroke volume index from 24 +/- 7 ml (m2) beat preoperatively to 32 +/- 9 at rest and 33 +/- 6 (25 W) postoperatively. Despite clinical and hemodynamic improvement there was no full recovery of pulmonary hemodynamics.
Flat Rotman lens for 5G beamforming antenna (2016)

In this paper, a planar Rotman lens featured as beamforming and multiple beams is presented, aimed at the potential use for 5G communication. The feeding network and the radiating patches are made as a single layer Taconic-microstrip structure for a 24-GHz area operation for low cost and practicality. The beamforming characteristics are verified by the full-wave simulation which is validated by the fabrication and measurement.
<title>Effect of sample compositions on chemical analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry</title> (1996)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is an effective ionization technique for mass spectrometry. It take advantages of some unique properties of certain organic chemicals to provide entrapment, isolation, vaporization, and ionization of the analyte of interest. While the main application of the MALDI technique is currently in the area of biological molecule analysis, it is possible to use this technique for monitoring polymer chemistry such as degradation processes. This is potentially important for studying and developing environmentally degradable polymers. Direct analysis of the analyte in real-world samples is possible with MALDI. However, there is a significant effect of the overall composition of a sample on the detectability and performance of MALDI. Two examples are given to illustrate the positive and negative effects of buffers, salts, and additives on the MALDI sample preparation.
Monitoring and multiplexing technique for interferometric fiber optic sensors with a linearly chirped Er:fiber laser (2002)

The monitoring of interferometer fiber optic sensors using a laser that is scanned over a wide frequency range is investigated. The interrogation technique is based on the principle that if the light-source frequency varies linearly with time, the optical signal reflected or transmitted is intensity modulated at a frequency that is proportional to the optical path difference (OPD) in the interferometer. Fourier components in the detected optical output signal then correspond to the OPDs of any interferometers that have contributed to this modulation. The temporal position of a peak in the power spectrum of this signal is proportional to the OPD of the interferometer that is responsible for that peak. A fine tuning of the OPD value is determined from the phase of the corresponding Fourier component. Experimentally, an Er:fiber laser scanned over a 48-nm range centered at 1540 nm was used to monitor intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPIs). Variations in the laser scan rate were compensated with the optical signal modulated by a reference FFPI held at a constant temperature. The OPD measurement resolution was 3.6 nm, and the dynamic range was 1.3 x 10(7). The temperature was measured from 20 degrees C to 610 degrees C with a 0.02 degrees C resolution, and multiplexing of three of the sensors arranged in series was demonstrated.
Pentacene Transistors Fabricated on Photocurable Polymer Gate Dielectrics: Tuning Surface Viscoelasticity and Device Response (2009)

Pentacene-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated, and characterized, on UV-curable polymer gate dielectrics with different photocrosslinking times (hence, different degrees of crosslinking). The results show that pentacene TFT measurements can be an informative probe of polymer film viscoelastic properties, as modified by crosslinking, and relatively mild, contactless polymer dielectric processing can dramatically enhance the OTFT performance. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Modeling the secondary cavity of two‐cavity dies (1997)

Abstract Dies having two distribution cavities and slots are sometimes used in film‐forming applications demanding high uniformity. The flow distribution accomplished by the primary cavity and slot is improved by the secondary cavity and slot. In the primary cavity, the main flow direction is lengthwise, and the flow resembles that in a duct. On the other hand, the main flow direction in the secondary cavity is in the plane of the cross section. Nonetheless, in previous literature, the same flow equation is vised for both cavities. The principal result of this work is a flow equation for the secondary cavity that takes account of the underlying cross flow. Applying this equation shows that both inertia and pseudoplasticity adversely affect the performance of a secondary cavity and slot.
Data from Enhanced Delivery of SN-38 to Human Tumor Xenografts with an Anti-Trop-2–SN-38 Antibody Conjugate (Sacituzumab Govitecan) (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study examined the delivery of SN-38 to Trop-2–expressing tumors and assessed the constitutive products in the serum, liver, and small intestine in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts (Capan-1 or NCI-N87) given a single injection of irinotecan (40 mg/kg; ∼0.8 mg/mouse, containing ∼460 μg SN-38 equivalents) or sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), an antibody–drug conjugate composed of a humanized anti-Trop-2 IgG coupled site specifically with an average of 7.6 molecules of SN-38.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; At select times, tissues were extracted and concentrations of the products measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In serum, &gt;98% irinotecan cleared within 5 minutes; peak levels of SN-38 and SN-38G (glucuronidated SN-38) were detected in equal amounts at this time, and no longer detected after 6 to 8 hours. IMMU-132 was detected in the serum over 3 days, and at each interval, ≥95% of total SN-38 was bound to the antibody. Intact IMMU-132 cleared with a half-life of 14 hours, which closely reflected the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; rate of SN-38 released from the conjugate in mouse serum (i.e., 17.5 hours), whereas the IgG portion of the conjugate cleared with a half-life of 67.1 hours. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies disclosed IgG-bound SN-38 was protected from glucuronidation. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis indicated that IMMU-132 delivers 20-fold to as much as 136-fold more SN-38 to tumors than irinotecan, with tumor:blood ratios favoring IMMU-132 by 20- to 40-fold. Intestinal concentrations of SN-38/SN-38G also were 9-fold lower with IMMU-132.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These studies confirm a superior SN-38 tumor delivery by IMMU-132 compared with irinotecan. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5131–8. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
T cell activation induces proteasomal degradation of Argonaute and rapid remodeling of the microRNA repertoire (2013)

Activation induces extensive changes in the gene expression program of naive CD4(+) T cells, promoting their differentiation into helper T cells that coordinate immune responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in this process, and miRNA expression also changes dramatically during T cell differentiation. Quantitative analyses revealed that T cell activation induces global posttranscriptional miRNA down-regulation in vitro and in vivo. Argonaute (Ago) proteins, the core effector proteins of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), were also posttranscriptionally down-regulated during T cell activation. Ago2 was inducibly ubiquitinated in activated T cells and its down-regulation was inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Therefore, activation-induced miRNA down-regulation likely occurs at the level of miRISC turnover. Measurements of miRNA-processing intermediates uncovered an additional layer of activation-induced, miRNA-specific transcriptional regulation. Thus, transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms cooperate to rapidly reprogram the miRNA repertoire in differentiating T cells. Altering Ago2 expression in T cells revealed that Ago proteins are limiting factors that determine miRNA abundance. Naive T cells with reduced Ago2 and miRNA expression differentiated more readily into cytokine-producing helper T cells, suggesting that activation-induced miRNA down-regulation promotes acquisition of helper T cell effector functions by relaxing the repression of genes that direct T cell differentiation.
Decreased cell surface prion protein in mouse models of prion disease (2007)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are infectious neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions, composed of ordered aggregates of misfolded cellular prion protein. Neural antigen density of prion protein, Thy-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein was analyzed using flow cytometry of dissociated mouse brain cells after inoculation with mouse-adapted transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy gliosis was demonstrated by increased intracellular immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein compared with controls. Immunoreactivity for cell surface prion protein was reduced 2.8-3.8-fold compared with control brain cells, whereas surface Thy-1 protein was reduced 1.5-4-fold. Double-staining protocols revealed loss of brain cells highly immunoreactive for prion protein and Thy-1, with a preferential reduction of prion protein, suggesting that prion protein expression, trafficking or consumption may be affected early in disease.
Dynamical–mechanical and thermal analysis of carbon nanotube–methyl-ethyl methacrylate nanocomposites (2003)

Composites were prepared by using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and methyl-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, modified with nonionic surfactant to improve the carbon nanotube dispersion and workability. The thermal results show that the polymer glass transition temperature increases up to 10degreesC and that only 1 wt% CNT content improves the mechanical response by more than 200%, substantially above other reports where large quantities of CNTs were used.
Werner syndrome protein limits MYC-induced cellular senescence - Supplementary Materials Only (2003)

The MYC oncoprotein is a transcription factor that coordinates cell growth and division. MYC overexpression exacerbates genomic instability and sensitizes cells to apoptotic stimuli. Here we demonstrate that MYC directly stimulates transcription of the human Werner syndrome gene, WRN, which encodes a conserved RecQ helicase. Loss-of-function mutations in WRN lead to genomic instability, an elevated cancer risk, and premature cellular senescence. The overexpression of MYC in WRN syndrome fibroblasts or after WRN depletion from control fibroblasts led to rapid cellular senescence that could not be suppressed by hTERT expression. We propose that WRN up-regulation by MYC may promote MYC-driven tumorigenesis by preventing cellular senescence.&#13;\n
Challenges to immunization: the experiences of homeless youth (2012)

To provide effective public health interventions, it is necessary to consider the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of hard to reach, high risk groups. Our study shows that homeless youth are interested and capable in discussing immunization. Active targeting of homeless youth for public health immunization programs is needed. Working collaboratively with non-profit organizations that assist homeless youth provides an opportunity to increase their knowledge of infectious risks and to improve immunization strategies in this vulnerable group.
Polymer‐based S‐shaped waveguide VOA for applications in the broadband DWDM network (2003)

Abstract A polymer‐based thermal‐controllable waveguide variable optical attenuator (VOA) is proposed. We numerically design an S‐shaped buried waveguide structure with a polymer core and silica cladding, which can attenuate light with satisfactory optical attenuation in the spectrum range from 1.28 to 1.58 μm. The design is suitable for the integration of VOAs with planar lightwave devices and is easy to fabricate as monolithic optical modules for application in optical communication systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 1–4, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11108
Reduced Hyperpolarization-Activated Current Contributes to Enhanced Intrinsic Excitability in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons from PrP−/− Mice (2016)

Genetic ablation of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) has been linked to increased neuronal excitability and synaptic activity in the hippocampus. We have previously shown that synaptic activity in hippocampi of PrP-null mice is increased due to enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. Here, we focused on the effect of PRNP gene knock-out (KO) on intrinsic neuronal excitability, and in particular, the underlying ionic mechanism in hippocampal neurons cultured from P0 mouse pups. We found that the absence of PrP(C) profoundly affected the firing properties of cultured hippocampal neurons in the presence of synaptic blockers. The membrane impedance was greater in PrP-null neurons, and this difference was abolished by the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker ZD7288 (100 μM). HCN channel activity appeared to be functionally regulated by PrP(C). The amplitude of voltage sag, a characteristic of activating HCN channel current (I h), was decreased in null mice. Moreover, I h peak current was reduced, along with a hyperpolarizing shift in activation gating and slower kinetics. However, neither HCN1 nor HCN2 formed a biochemical complex with PrP(C). These results suggest that the absence of PrP downregulates the activity of HCN channels through activation of a cell signaling pathway rather than through direct interactions. This in turn contributes to an increase in membrane impedance to potentiate neuronal excitability.
Simple control strategy for a PV‐battery system (2019)

Nowadays, energy storage systems, such as batteries, are spreading in many applications. Among the kinds of batteries, the lithium‐ion technology is one of the most promising solutions. Considering the photovoltaic (PV) plants, it is very important to perform a correct sizing of the battery pack to both maximise the self‐consumption and minimise the total costs. In general, PV plants need a dc–dc converter to maximise the electric power that can be extracted from PV panels and a dc–ac converter to connect them to the ac grid. The battery pack can be connected in three different ways: dc coupled and ac coupled using a dedicated converter or through a direct connection on the dc‐link between the dc–dc and dc–ac converters. In the present study, the last solution, without any dedicated converters, is used and a simple control strategy to both maximise the power extracted from the PV panel and regulate the charging/discharging of the battery is proposed.
The Multivariate Covering Lemma and its Converse (2015)

The multivariate covering lemma states that given a collection of $k$ codebooks, each of sufficiently large cardinality and independently generated according to one of the marginals of a joint distribution, one can always choose one codeword from each codebook such that the resulting $k$-tuple of codewords is jointly typical with respect to the joint distribution. We give a proof of this lemma for weakly typical sets. This allows achievability proofs that rely on the covering lemma to go through for continuous channels (e.g., Gaussian) without the need for quantization. The covering lemma and its converse are widely used in information theory, including in rate-distortion theory and in achievability results for multi-user channels.
Nonlinear terahertz metamaterials with active electrical control (2017)

We present a study of an electrically modulated nonlinear metamaterial consisting of an array of split-ring resonators fabricated on n-type gallium arsenide. The resonant metamaterial nonlinearity appears as an intensity-dependent transmission minimum at terahertz frequencies and arises from the interaction between local electric fields in the split-ring resonator (SRR) capacitive gaps and charge carriers in the n-type substrate. We investigate the active tuning range of the metamaterial device as the incident terahertz field intensity is increased and conversely the effect of an applied DC bias on the terahertz field-induced nonlinear modulation of the metamaterial response. Applying a DC bias to the metamaterial sample alters the nonlinear response and reduces the net nonlinear modulation. Similarly, increasing the incident terahertz field intensity decreases the net modulation induced by an applied DC bias. We interpret these results in terms of DC and terahertz-field-assisted carrier acceleration, scattering, and multiplication processes, highlighting the unique nature of this DC-field modulated terahertz nonlinearity.
Combination chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with doxorubicin and streptozotocin (1983)

Twenty-three patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were given doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 I.V. day 1 and streptozotocin 0.5 g/m2 I.V. days 1-5 every 3 weeks. This regimen was chosen because of the activity of doxorubicin and nitrosoureas in hepatocellular carcinoma and the ability to administer both drugs in full doses. Twelve patients were fully ambulatory, 14 had normal serum bilirubin, 11 had pathologic proof of cirrhosis, and 11 had no known extrahepatic tumor dissemination. Partial responses lasting 10 and 14 months occurred in two patients (9%), one had stable disease for 15 months, 12 had documented tumor progression within 4 months, and eight died within 6 weeks of the start of chemotherapy. Median survival of all patients was only 3 months (range 0.3-27), but eight (35%) lived more than 1 year. Of these eight, two responded to doxorubicin and streptozotocin, another two to subsequent chemotherapy, and four had no tumor response whatever. More than 90% of the intended doses of doxorubicin and streptozotocin was administered, with severe leukopenia in three patients, moderate thrombocytopenia in one, and moderate proteinuria in nine. There were no drug-related deaths. Various physical, radiologic, and biochemical parameters were employed in detecting tumor response and progression. Initially abnormal physical examination of the liver, hepatic radionuclide and computed tomographic (CT) scans, and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels improved in both responding patients. Tumor progression was detected by physical examination (7/12), radionuclide (10/12) and CT liver scan (3/7), rising alpha-fetoprotein (5/12), and rising carcinoembryonic antigen (3/8). Physical examination and radionuclide liver scan together documented all tumor response and progression. The combination of doxorubicin and streptozotocin has only modest activity in hepatocellular carcinoma and appears no more active than doxorubicin alone.
An attenuation improvement technology for ladder SAW/FBAR filters and duplexers employing cancellation circuit (2011)

This paper describes a new method of attenuation improvement at an arbitrary frequency in an RF SAW/FBAR filter or duplexer. There are leakage signal paths between terminals of RF filters or duplexers through stray capacitance and inductive coupling. By cancelling the main path by secondary path with proper phase and amplitude, high attenuation can be achieved at an arbitrary frequency. We analyzed this concept in detail for a WCDMA Band-I duplexer for GPS-band attenuation. A 50-dB GPS-band attenuation was obtained without sacrificing other properties.
Intertransverse Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2002)

This preliminary report suggests that lumbar interbody arthrodesis can be accomplished with a posterolateral intertransverse process approach. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report describing this approach for performing an interbody arthrodesis. The intertransverse lumbar interbody fusion (ILIF) approach avoids the need for either intraabdominal dissection or violation of the spinal canal-neural foramen in accessing the disc. This technique may therefore present an opportunity to accomplish a minimally invasive approach to lumbar fusion.
Influence of Socio-Economy in the Next Generation of Thermal Management Solutions for Electronics Consumer Products (2008)

The past few decades have seen a number of countries around the world emerge as a growing market for high performance computers. This present study examines, in more detail, how socio-economic influences are shaping the demand function and how some computing landscapes are changing as a consequence. This study is addressing one of the key initiatives to enable 50 percent of the world’s population with access to the World Wide Web. Furthermore, this investigation is addressing the challenges for electronics packaging Engineers and Researchers. Therefore, the rational of the developed technology based on the understanding target market and usages will be given. The impact of addressing the heat dissipation and managing the use of the raw materials of the intended products are discussed. In addition, how the electronics packaging engineers can focus on developing affordable innovative technology. Finally, the impact of all of the above is examined in developing the cost effective solution from a global point of view.
Quantum Information Theoretical Analysis of Various Constructions for Quantum Secret Sharing (2005)

Recently, an information theoretical model for Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) schemes was introduced. By using this model, we prove that pure state Quantum Threshold Schemes (QTS) can be constructed from quantum MDS codes and vice versa. In particular, we consider stabilizer codes and give a constructive proof of their relation with QTS. Furthermore, we reformulate the Monotone Span Program (MSP) construction according to the information theoretical model and check the recoverability and secrecy requirement. Finally, we consider QSS schemes which are based on quantum teleportation.