gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative and perioperative complications in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a review of 513 patients (2015)

OBJECT Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has become one of the preferred procedures for circumferential fusion in the lumbar spine. Over the last decade, advances in surgical techniques have enabled surgeons to perform the TLIF procedure through a minimally invasive approach (MI-TLIF). There are a few studies reported in the medical literature in which perioperative complication rates of MI-TLIF were evaluated; here, the authors present the largest cohort series to date. They analyzed intraoperative and perioperative complications in 513 consecutive MI-TLIF-treated patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 513 consecutive patients treated over a 10-year period for lumbar degenerative disc disease using MI-TLIF. All patients undergoing either a first-time or revision 1- or 2-level MI-TLIF procedure were included in the study. Demographic, intraoperative, and perioperative data were collected and analyzed using bivariate analyses (Student t-test, analysis of variance, odds ratio, chi-square test) and multivariate analyses (logistic regression). RESULTS A total of 513 patients underwent an MI-TLIF procedure, and the perioperative complication rate was 15.6%. The incidence of durotomy was 5.1%, and the medical and surgical infection rates were 1.4% and 0.2%, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the infection rate was seen in revision MI-TLIF cases, and the same was found for the perioperative complication rate in multilevel MI-TLIF cases. Instrumentation failure occurred in 2.3% of the cases. After analysis, no statistically significant difference was seen in the rates of durotomy during revision and multilevel surgeries. There was no significant difference between the complication rates when stratified according to presenting diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest study of perioperative complications in MI-TLIF in the literature. A total of 513 patients underwent MI-TLIF (perioperative complication rate 15.6%). The most common complication was a durotomy (5.1%), and there was only 1 surgical wound infection (0.2%). There were significantly more perioperative infections in revision MI-TLIF cases and more perioperative complications in multilevel MI-TLIF cases. The results of this study suggest that MI-TLIF has a similar or better perioperative complication profile than those documented in the literature for open-TLIF treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease.
Advanced dynamic magnetometer for persistent surveillance (2010)

We present an overview of the “coupled-core” fluxgate magnetometer and its “single-core” counterpart. The basic theory is briefly discussed and some prototype realizations presented via a set of assorted applications. In particular, the results of sea-tests carried out, in collaboration with FOI-Stockholm, in the Baltic Sea will be presented and discussed together with other experimental results in the area of intrusion detection.
Modal Decomposition of Operating Deflection Shapes Based on the General Definition of Projetors. (1999)

This paper discusses the modal decomposition of the Operating Deflection Shapes (ODSs).The ODSs offer an important contribution in the understanding of the dynamic behavior of a system under operation.The modal decomposition can express each ODS as a linear combination of modes, and have been usually done in a least squares sense.However, there are scarcely modal vectors which cross at right angles, and consequently the result obtained from the ordinary method give obscure interpretation.Therefore we propose that the modal decomposition based on the General Definition of Projectors (GDOP) is most suitable for the detailed description of the modal decomposition.Moreover, we present a new model correlation technique based on the GDOP to verify the modal vectors, because the accuracy of the modal vectors is important in the modal decomposition.These approaches are demostrated using numerically simulated FRFs and modal vectors.As a result, it was shown that these approaches give good clearer results compared to the ordinary modal decomposition method.
Fast Control Plane Analysis Using an Abstract Representation (2016)

Networks employ complex, and hence error-prone, routing control plane configurations. In many cases, the impact of errors manifests only under failures and leads to devastating effects. Thus, it is important to proactively verify control plane behavior under arbitrary link failures. State-of-the-art verifiers are either too slow or impractical to use for such verification tasks. In this paper we propose a new high level abstraction for control planes, ARC, that supports fast control plane analyses under arbitrary failures. ARC can check key invariants without generating the data plane--which is the main reason for current tools' ineffectiveness. This is possible because of the nature of verification tasks and the constrained nature of control plane designs in networks today. We develop algorithms to derive a network's ARC from its configuration files. Our evaluation over 314 networks shows that ARC computation is quick, and that ARC can verify key invariants in under 1s in most cases, which is orders-of-magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art.
Supplementary Information from <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Methionine Aminopeptidase II for Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methods, Figures S1-21, NMR &amp; MS spectra&lt;/p&gt;
Evanescent Field Absorption Spectroscopy of Trace Gases Using Functionalized Microring Resonators (2013)

We detect trace gases at ppb levels using evanescent-field absorption spectroscopy in microring resonators coated with sorbent polymers. The overtone spectra derive from mid-infrared resonances that provide a signature of analyte toxicity.
Modifying sensitivity/specificity for sensors using positive and negative predictive power measures (2009)

In the collection of data from sensors in the field, the uncertainty in the data may compromise the ability to accurately predict the state of a system. Herein the standard signal detection theory problem is examined when nonstationary effects may occur in the data from the sensors. The use of PPP (positive predictive power) and NPP (negative predictive power) adds a new viewpoint on how to modify sensitivity and specificity measures in decision making involving multiple sensors. This is especially true when stationary properties in received data may be violated.
Digestive proteolytic activity in the gut and salivary glands of the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae); effect of proteinase inhibitors (2005)

Proteinase activity in the midgut of the pentatomid stinkbug Podisus maculiventris was investigated. The optimal pH for adult and nymph proteolysis was pH 6.0 and pH 6.5, respectively. Proteinase activity was characterised using a range of diagnostic inhibitors. Activity of both adult and nymphal gut extracts, detected by the hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Arg-pNA, was inhibited to &lt;20% of control levels by several inhibitors (e.g. E-64 and chicken egg white cystatin) associated with the inhibition of cysteine proteinases. The less specific inhibitor leupeptin reduced proteolytic activity to around 1.0% of the control values. In-gel analysis of the enzymes revealed that proteolytic activity was due to at least four proteinases, of ca. 30, 36, 50 and 110 kDa, which were all susceptible to E-64 inhibition. Salivary gland extracts gave maximal activity at pH 8.0 when tested for general proteolytic activity using fluorescent BODIPY-FL casein substrate, and showed moderate levels of inhibition when incubated with inhibitors of serine-, cysteine-, aspartic- and metallo-proteinases. Leupeptin and PMSF gave the highest levels of inhibition of salivary proteolytic activity, at ca. 50%, whilst the plant-derived inhibitors SKTI, CpTI and OC-1 did not inhibit proteolysis.
A new evaluation of noise metrics for sonic booms using existing data (2015)

An evaluation of noise metrics for predicting human perception of sonic booms was performed. Twenty-five metrics were chosen from standards and from the literature in an effort to include all potentially relevant metrics. Three different datasets of sonic boom waveforms and associated human response were chosen to span a variety of signals, including traditional N-waves with various shock shapes and rise times, and predicted waveforms from designs of low-boom aircraft for a variety of aircraft sizes. These datasets were derived from laboratory studies conducted in sonic boom simulators at NASA Langley Research Center and JAXA. Simulations of booms experienced in both outdoor and indoor environments were included by using different facilities at NASA or modifications to facility configurations at JAXA. American and Japanese test subjects participated at NASA and JAXA, respectively. Ratings of loudness using a magnitude estimation technique and ratings of annoyance using a category line scaling method are included. The evaluation consists of linear correlations of human response data with the objective noise metrics. Results are presented for each study, and eight metrics are suggested for further analysis.
Abstract 348: Analysis of somatic hypermutations in IGHV genes from Hairy Cell Leukemia Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain rearrangements (2011)

Abstract The B-cell receptors of malignant B-cells each contain a monoclonal immunoglobulin sequence which may be relevant for both prognosis and cell of origin. The character of somatic hypermutations (SHM) has been studied to predict whether antigen contacted the B-cell prior to its malignant transformation, or at least whether the SHMs observed are ‘canonical’, or consistent with those expected from mutation machinery used for antigen-driven SHM. Hairy cell leukemia B-cell receptors have previously been evaluated for gene usage and homology to germline sequence, but detection of canonical SHMs was not previously possible because of the limited number of HCL rearrangements. To compare HCL with CLL and normal B-cells, somatic hypermutation (SHM) features in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were examined in a series of 130 immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangements, including 102 from 100 classic (HCLc) and 28 from 26 variant (HCLv) patients. The frequency of unmutated rearrangements in HCLc was much lower than that in HCLv (18% vs 54%, p=0.0003) or historically in CLL (18% vs 46%, p=9×10-9), but HCLv and CLL were similar (p=0.45). As previously reported for CLL, evidence of canonical SHM was observed in HCLc rearrangements including 1) a higher ratio of replacement to silent mutations (R/S ratio) in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) than framework regions (FRs) (2.83 vs 1.40, p &amp;lt; 0.0001), 2) higher than random transition to transversion ratio (1.48 vs 0.5, p=7 × 10-39), and 3) higher than random percentage of mutations located in RGYW hot spots (13.88% vs 3.31%, p=1.5×10-44). HCLv met these 3 criteria of canonical SHM to a lesser extent (p=0.067, p=8×10-6 and p=0.0001, respectively). In comparing HCLv with HCLc directly, HCLv showed 1) a trend for lower R/S ratios in the CDRs (p=0.07), 2) lower transition to transversion ratio (p=0.045), and 3) lower percent of mutations in RGYW hot spots (p=0.03). In comparing HCLv and HCLc with respect to specific immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IGHV) families, it was noted that 1) R/S ratio trended lower for HCLv IGHV4 CDRs compared to HCLc IGHV4 CDRs (p=0.064) and 2) transition to transversion ratio was lower for HCLv IGHV3 compared to HCLc IGHV3 (p=0.0013). Thus HCLc rearrangements exhibited canonical SHM similarly to CLL and normal B-cells, and significantly more than HCLv rearrangements, suggesting that malignant cells from HCLc patients may have recognized antigen prior malignant transformation, and that in some HCLv patients the malignant cells may originate by a different pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-348
Correction: Ready…Go: Amplitude of the fMRI Signal Encodes Expectation of Cue Arrival Time (2009)

What happens when the brain awaits a signal of uncertain arrival time, as when a sprinter waits for the starting pistol? And what happens just after the starting pistol fires? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have discovered a novel correlate of temporal expectations in several brain regions, most prominently in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Contrary to expectations, we found little fMRI activity during the waiting period; however, a large signal appears after the ''go'' signal, the amplitude of which reflects learned expectations about the distribution of possible waiting times. Specifically, the amplitude of the fMRI signal appears to encode a cumulative conditional probability, also known as the cumulative hazard function. The fMRI signal loses its dependence on waiting time in a ''countdown'' condition in which the arrival time of the go cue is known in advance, suggesting that the signal encodes temporal probabilities rather than simply elapsed time. The dependence of the signal on temporal expectation is present in ''no-go'' conditions, demonstrating that the effect is not a consequence of motor output. Finally, the encoding is not dependent on modality, operating in the same manner with auditory or visual signals. This finding extends our understanding of the relationship between temporal expectancy and measurable neural signals.
FactRank: Random Walks on a Web of Facts (2010)

Fact collections are mostly built using semi-supervised relation extraction techniques and wisdom of the crowds methods, rendering them inherently noisy. In this paper, we propose to validate the resulting facts by leveraging global constraints inherent in large fact collections, observing that correct facts will tend to match their arguments with other facts more often than with incorrect ones. We model this intuition as a graph-ranking problem over a fact graph and explore novel random walk algorithms. We present an empirical study, over a large set of facts extracted from a 500 million document webcrawl, validating the model and showing that it improves fact quality over state-of-the-art methods. 1
In Situ Surface Monitoring of Charge Transfer during Oxidation of Zirconia at Elevated Temperatures (2019)

This work considers the reactivity at the gas/solid interface for energy conversion systems based on ZrO2, such as solid oxide fuel cells, SOFCs, and the related charge transfer. We consider the effect of a quasi-isolated surface structure, QISS, on the reactivity of yttria-stabilized zirconia, YSZ, with oxygen at elevated temperatures. The charge transfer associated with oxidation of both YSZ and Nb-doped YSZ in the range 973–1173 K was determined by in situ surface monitoring using work function, WF, measurements. We show that the reactivity at the O2/YSZ interface can be enhanced by incorporation of pentavalent cations, such as Nb5+ ions, into the QISS that exhibits the functions of both fast ionic oxygen conductor and metallic electrode. It has been documented that surface doping of YSZ with niobium results in removal of oxygen chemisorption-related surface potential barrier that prevents oxygen incorporation into the lattice of YSZ. This finding paves the way for the development of novel materials for energy conversion devices, such as SOFCs, with enhanced performance through surface processing.
Data-processing strategies for crossed-strip gamma-ray detectors (2008)

Crossed-strip gamma-ray detectors are an attractive option for small-animal SPECT imagers due to their high space-bandwidth product. In systems with independent triggering of the two sides of the detector, advanced data-processing techniques are required to accurately determine gamma-ray interaction locations and energy deposition. Optimal detector operation further relies on rigorous detector characterization in order to achieve detector triggering uniformity and best timing resolution and to permit position and energy estimation with maximum-likelihood methods. We describe algorithms and methods developed for calibrating and characterizing a recently fabricated system based on 1024-strips-per-side 1-mm-thick silicon detectors.
Toward monetary cost effective content placement in cloud centric media network (2013)

In recent years, technical challenges are emerging on how to efficiently distribute the rapid growing user-generated contents (UGCs) with long-tailed nature. To address this issue, we have previously proposed cloud centric media network (CCMN) for cost-efficient UGCs delivery. In this paper, we further study the content placement problem in CCMN. Our objective is to minimize the monetary cost incurred by using cloud resources to orchestrate an elastic and global content delivery network (CDN) service. In particular, this objective is achieved via a two-step method. First, for a single content, we map it into a k-center problem, and find a logarithmic relationship between the mean hop distance from users to contents, and the reciprocal of replica number. Second, for multiple contents, we formulate a convex optimization with storage and bandwidth capacity constraints, which can be solved by our proposed algorithm. Finally, we verify the algorithm based on real-world traces collected from a popular video website in China. Our numerical results suggest that, the optimal number of replica for each content follows a power law in respect to its popularity, under feasible storage and bandwidth constraints, in a set of deployed backbone networks.
Synthesis of (+/‐) mappicine and mappicine ketone (2003)

Abstract Mappicine and mappicine ketone are camptothecin analogs of interest as antiviral agents. A novel synthesis of these compounds is described using a Friedlander condensation. The requisite ketone is prepared via a regioselective ortho ‐directed metallation/alkylation of a trisubstituted pyridine. This is condensed with N‐t ‐butyloxycarbonyl‐ o ‐aminobenzaldehyde as a convenient, stable o ‐aminobenzaldehyde equivalent in the Friedlander condensation.
Conclusion (2006)

This book has two main parts: a theoretical study and practical realizations. The achievement of the theoretical study is a complete digital compensation methodology. This methodology is successfully used in three totally different practical implementations.
Effects of Control Strategy and Calibration on Hybridization Level and Fuel Economy in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using dynamic causal models for a direct-hydrogen fuel cell and a DC/DC converter we design decentralized and multivariable controllers regulating the bus voltage and preventing fuel cell oxygen starvation. Various controller gains are used to span the fuel cell operation from load-following to load-leveling, and hence, determine the required fuel cell-battery sizing (hybridization level) and the associated trends in the fuel economy.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Our results provide insight on the strategy and calibration of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle with no need for a supervisory controller that typically depends on optimal power split during a specific driving cycle. The proposed controllers directly manipulate actuator commands, such as the DC/DC converter duty cycle, and achieve a desired power split. The controllers are demonstrated through simulation of a compact sedan using a mild and an aggressive driving cycle.&lt;/div&gt;
Short-pulse energy extraction from a chemically pumped oxygen-iodine laser (1986)

The chemical oxygen-iodine laser is a strong candidate for the laser driver of an inertial-confinement fusion power plant. Whereas this laser has been operated with high efficiency in quasi-cw conditions, the decision to develop this laser for fusion is dependent on demonstration of high-efficiency short-pulse energy extraction. Major issues must yet be resolved concerning the kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and physical processes in the laser in conditions of relatively high iodine concentrations.
Loss of nucleosome assembly protein 1 affects growth and appressorium structure in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (2022)

Evolutionarily conserved nucleosome assembly protein Nap1 is involved in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes. In this study, we wanted to explore the role of Nap1 in the life cycle of rice blast fungus <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>. The null mutant of <i>M. oryzae NAP1</i> is viable. However, deletion of <i>NAP1</i> leads to defects in growth, appressorium morphology, and appressorium turgidity. In the future, plant infection studies can be undertaken to find if these defects lead to compromised virulence of this economically important fungal pathogen.
Octave Bandwidth Analog Link with a Monolithic Laser/Electroabsorption Modulator (1996)

High linearity RF analog links are of great interest for remoting cellular radio and personal communications systems base stations. Electroabsorption modulators have been demonstrated to give high linearity when used in external modulation analog optical links1. Monolithically integrated laser/electroabsorption modulators have been demonstrated to be useful for long-haul multi-gigabit digital communications2,3. Integrated laser/modulators have been demonstrated for analog applications up to 10MHz4. In this paper, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated laser/electroabsorption modulator for high-frequency analog link applications. The monolithic laser/modulator is shown to offer good linearity with considerably reduced size and weight compared to an external electroabsorption modulator with a Nd:YAG pump laser.
Human physiomimetic model integrating microphysiological systems of the gut, liver, and brain for studies of neurodegenerative diseases (2021)

Slow progress in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) motivates an urgent need for highly controlled in vitro systems to investigate organ-organ- and organ-immune-specific interactions relevant for disease pathophysiology. Of particular interest is the gut/microbiome-liver-brain axis for parsing out how genetic and environmental factors contribute to NDs. We have developed a mesofluidic platform technology to study gut-liver-cerebral interactions in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD). It connects microphysiological systems (MPSs) of the primary human gut and liver with a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral MPS in a systemically circulated common culture medium containing CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T and T helper 17 cells. We demonstrate this approach using a patient-derived cerebral MPS carrying the PD-causing A53T mutation, gaining two important findings: (i) that systemic interaction enhances features of in vivo-like behavior of cerebral MPSs, and (ii) that microbiome-associated short-chain fatty acids increase expression of pathology-associated pathways in PD.
A New Monolithic Dielectric Resonator Metasurface Design for High Quality-Factor Fano Resonances. (2015)

Abstract not provided.