gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping and statistical analysis of filaments locations in amorphous HfO2 ReRAM cells (2023)

Two optical inspection techniques, Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM) and Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (OBIRCH) laser stimulation, are used to study the forming and to map the locations of filaments in amorphous HfO2 Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) cells. The low voltage sensitivity of OBIRCH is used to investigate filament pre-forming while the high frame rate of a Silicon Intensified Charge-Coupled Device (SI-CCD) is used to dynamically study the filament after the initial forming. A Spatial Clustering Model (SCM) is developed to explain the non-Poisson spatial distribution of individual filaments measured from multiple cells of the same size.
Comparative Analysis of Processing Methods in Fat Grafting (2014)

Centrifugation improves graft retention by concentration of the adipocyte fraction. The concentration efficacy of mesh/gauze is equivalent to centrifugation at 1200 g, with equivalent in vivo outcomes.
MO DEL FOR THE VOLTAGE AND CHARGE ACTUATIONS OF DEFORMABLE CLAMPED- CLAMPED BEAMS IN PRESENCE OF DIELECTRIC CHARGING (2005)

Abstract Using the SEM analysis technique, we present the first direct evidences of the non-uniform distribution of charges trapped in the dielectric layer during the actuation of electrostatic MEM devices. We highlight the importance of the contact quality to control the charge injection in the dielectric. We further incorporate the non-uniform charge distribution in a 2D model of the actuation of deformable clamped-clamped beams. In this framework, the precise charge distribution has an impact on the actuation of the device. Through voltage and charge actuation simulations, we demonstrate the possible asymmetry of the C-V characteristics of such devices. Key Words: MEMS, reliability, dielectric charging I.
Pyrophosphate Stimulates Wild-type and Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Cl− Channels (1995)

A unique feature of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is regulation by ATP through the two cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). To better understand this process, we asked how channel activity is affected by inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a compound that binds to NBDs in other proteins. PPi and three nonhydrolyzable PPi analogs reversibly stimulated the activity of phosphorylated channels. Kinetic modeling of single channel data demonstrated that PPi affected two distinct steps in channel regulation. First, PPi increased the rate at which channels opened. Second, once channels were open, PPi delayed their closure. PPi could only stimulate channels when it was applied in the presence of ATP. PPi also increased the photolabeling of CFTR by an ATP analog. These two findings suggest that PPi modifies the activity of ATP-dependent CFTR channel gating. Based on these and previous data, we speculate that the effects of PPi are mediated by binding of PPi to NBD2 where it regulates channel opening by NBD1, and then, because it is not hydrolyzed, it slows the rate of NBD2-mediated channel closing. Because PPi stimulated wild-type channels, we tested its effect on CFTR containing the cystic fibrosis mutations: delta F508, R117H, and G551S. PPi stimulated all three. PPi also stimulated endogenous CFTR in the apical membrane of permeabilized T-84 epithelia. These results suggest that PPi or an analog might be of value in the development of new approaches to the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Shigella IpaH Family Effectors as a Versatile Model for Studying Pathogenic Bacteria (2016)

Shigella spp. are highly adapted human pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). Via the type III secretion system (T3SS), Shigella deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) that are responsible for pathogenesis, with functions including pyroptosis, invasion of the epithelial cells, intracellular survival, and evasion of host immune responses. Intriguingly, T3SS effector activity and strategies are not unique to Shigella, but are shared by many other bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella, Yersinia, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Therefore, studying Shigella T3SS effectors will not only improve our understanding of bacterial infection systems, but also provide a molecular basis for developing live bacterial vaccines and antibacterial drugs. One of Shigella T3SS effectors, IpaH family proteins, which have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and are widely conserved among other bacterial pathogens, are very relevant because they promote bacterial survival by triggering cell death and modulating the host immune responses. Here, we describe selected examples of Shigella pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on the roles of IpaH family effectors, which shed new light on bacterial survival strategies and provide clues about how to overcome bacterial infections.
Three‐Dimensional Analytical Surface Quantification of Heterogeneous Silica‐Alumina Catalyst Supports (2016)

Abstract The ability of energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) tomography to provide 3 D chemical maps at the nanoscale opens a new way to analyse heterogeneous materials quantitatively. In association with other techniques, EFTEM tomography has been employed in the study of amorphous silica‐alumina catalyst supports. Two types of samples prepared either by mechanical mixing (MM) or by the precipitation of silica on boehmite (PSB) that have similar proportions of silica and alumina were analysed. The sample synthesised by the PSB method shows a smaller degree of heterogeneity than the sample obtained by MM. For both types of samples, a higher concentration of alumina was found at the surface, whereas silica mostly constituted the core of the sample. A thermal treatment in a humid atmosphere was shown to redistribute the silica inside the sample as well as on its surface, which decreased the specific surface area at the same time. The acid sites localisation was defined as a specific curve at the interface between the two components upon reaching the surface of the support. The length of this curve, the “alumina–silica boundary line”, was estimated by using EFTEM tomography and discussed qualitatively with the chemical inter‐mixing information deduced from additional techniques such as FTIR and NMR spectroscopy.
The Utility of Colorimetry as a Quality Control Tool for the Identification of Pharmaceutical Tablets (2016)

There is an ongoing need for new or alternate approaches to identify innovative pharmaceutical products and distinguish them from counterfeit medicines. In this study we present data that demonstrate how quantitative measurement of the color on the surface of tablets could be used to accomplish this objective. Several proof-of-concept studies were performed in which ColorQuest XE colorimeter was used to measure the tristimulus L*, a*, and b* color values from the surface of pharmaceutical tablets. These values represent the red to green scale (a*), the blue to yellow scale (b*), and the lightness extreme (L*). In a preliminary experiment, significant differences were observed in the surface color of visually identical white tablets from four different products. These differences were found to be product and not batch specific. The utility of colorimetry in identifying imitator products was then demonstrated by comparing the color signatures of the innovator Viagra® tablets to imitator Sildenafil tablets, which were procured from nine different online suppliers. While it is not a fool proof technique, data in this study demonstrates that colorimetry could be used as a simple inexpensive technique to identify innovative products and potentially alleviate the pandemic of counterfeit medicines, especially in areas around the world where counterfeiting is prevalent while sophisticated tools for their detection are not readily available.
In vivo optical imaging with rare earth doped Ca_2Si_5N_8 persistent luminescence nanoparticles (2012)

International audience
Impairment of Peripheral Blood Flow Responses in Diabetes Resembles an Enhanced Aging Effect (1997)

These data demonstrate that diabetes has effects on precapillaries that may by direct or mediated via autonomic nerves, which result in a deficit that resembles premature aging.
Efficient Solutions for Weighted Sum Rate Maximization in Multicellular Networks With Channel Uncertainties (2013)

The important problem of weighted sum rate maximization (WSRM) in a multicellular environment is intrinsically sensitive to channel estimation errors. In this paper, we study ways to maximize the weighted sum rate in a linearly precoded multicellular downlink system where the receivers are equipped with a single antenna. With perfect channel information available at the base stations, we first present a novel fast converging algorithm that solves the WSRM problem. Then, the assumption is relaxed to the case where the error vectors in the channel estimates are assumed to lie in an uncertainty set formed by the intersection of finite ellipsoids. As our main contributions, we present two procedures to solve the intractable nonconvex robust designs based on the worst case principle. The proposed iterative algorithms solve semidefinite programs in each of their steps and provably converge to a locally optimal solution of the robust WSRM problem. The proposed solutions are numerically compared against each other and known approaches in the literature to ascertain their robustness towards channel estimation imperfections. The results clearly indicate the performance gain compared to the case when channel uncertainties are ignored in the design process. For certain scenarios, we also quantify the gap between the proposed approximations and exact solutions.
Arthropod Predation: A Simplified Immunodot Format for Predator Gut Analysis (1994)

We describe a new immunodot format which retains the speed, sensitivity, economy, and specificity of the previously published assay but eliminates some apparatus and is simpler to perform. Assays are run on nitrocellulose membranes onto which predator homogenates are applied directly; they use monoclonal antibodies to prey egg or larval proteins, and can be interpreted by eye. The assay detects the remains of a single egg or fifth instar of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the gut of a second-instar or adult Podisus maculiventris (Say), respectively.
On the feasibility of unicensed operation in shared spectrum (2003)

Whether unlicensed operation is a feasible mode of operationin future infrastructures depends on a number of factors. Herea comparison is made between systems with exclusive licensesand cases where more than one system uses the same radiospectrum. The comparison is made in terms of capacity, the easewith which a new operator can establish itself in the marketand if there are benefits in breaking the etiquette rules. Here two systems coexist in the same geographical area.Various system designs are evaluated utilizing differentmultiple access schemes (DS-CDMA, frequency hopping and dynamicchannel allocation) as well as different traffic types (voiceand data). Given specific requirements for user satisfactionand fraction of satisfied users the load each system can carryis evaluated. The systems using orthogonal access schemesperform significantly better due to the near-far effect. To get better performance in technical terms compared totraditional spectrum splitting by using spectrum sharing seemsdifficult. The technical solutions used here do not performbetter. However the technical performance is not significantlyworse either which opens up for gains in other areas than thepurely technical ones.
Erratum: weight loss decreases follicle stimulating hormone in overweight postmenopausal women (2015)

Obesity (2015) 23:228-233. doi: 10.1002/oby.20917 After the article above was published, the authors noticed an error in the title of the article. The correct title is listed below. The authors apologize for any confusion caused by this error: Weight Loss Increases Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Overweight Postmenopausal Women
Increased interleukin‐1β levels are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling following acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (2012)

IL-1β levels after STEMI were strongly associated with impaired myocardial function and noninfarct LV mass after 1 year, suggesting a potential role for IL-1β as a predictor of maladaptive myocardial remodelling following reperfused MI.
Effective Aperture in Periodically Poled Mg-Doped Stoichiometric LiTaO3 for Quasi-Phase-Matched Optical Parametric Oscillation (2006)

A two-dimensional mapping method was employed to investigate the homogeneity of optical parametric oscillator (OPO) performance, such as output power distribution, slope efficiency, and oscillation threshold, based on periodically poled 1 mol % Mg-doped stoichiometric LiTaO3 devices fabricated by single and multi-pulse methods. The output power decreased from the electrode-patterned face to the opposite face at low pump intensities and became homogenous over the aperture at high pump intensities. The devices fabricated by the two methods showed no large differences in OPO properties, except for better homogeneity in depth for multi-pulse devices. A large effective aperture (fluctuation < 10%) of 1.4×1.3 mm2 was obtained in both types of devices.
Performance Characterization of a Method for Locating Faults in Power Distribution Networks (2007)

The problem of determining the location of faults in distribution systems can be faced with several techniques. In this paper, an approach based on the use of a distributed measurement system is improved, then its performance is evaluated under different realistic operating conditions of the network by means of simulations. The results show the validity and the robustness of proposed method.
The Impact of Depressive Symptoms in Adults with ADHD Symptoms on Family Function and ADHD Symptoms of Their Children (2014)

The relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and family dysfunction may be influenced by depressive symptoms. When treating ADHD in adults, clinicians should pay attention to the presence or absence of depression.
A one-degree-of-freedom assistive exoskeleton with inertia compensation: the effects on the agility of leg swing motion. (2011)

Many of the current implementations of exoskeletons for the lower extremities are conceived to either augment the user's load-carrying capabilities or reduce muscle activation during walking. Comparatively little research has been conducted on enabling an exoskeleton to increase the agility of lower-limb movements. One obstacle in this regard is the inertia of the exoskeleton's mechanism, which tends to reduce the natural frequency of the human limbs. A control method is presented that produces an approximate compensation of the inertia of an exoskeleton's mechanism. The controller was tested on a statically mounted, single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) exoskeleton that assists knee flexion and extension. Test subjects performed multiple series of leg-swing movements in the context of a computer-based, sprint-like task. A large initial acceleration of the leg was needed for the subjects to track a virtual target on a computer screen. The uncompensated inertia of the exoskeleton mechanism slowed down the transient response of the subjects' limb, in comparison with trials performed without the exoskeleton. The subsequent use of emulated inertia compensation on the exoskeleton allowed the subjects to improve their transient response for the same task.
Interaction of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax dimer with CREB and the viral 21-base-pair repeat (1996)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax interacts specifically with the cellular transcription factor CREB and the viral 21-bp repeat element to form a Tax-CREB-DNA ternary complex which mediates activation of viral mRNA transcription. Analyses of Tax and Tax mutants indicate that, like CREB, Tax incorporates into the ternary complex as a dimer. The ability of Tax to form a dimer is necessary for its interaction with CREB and the 21-bp element. Analyses of several Tax mutants with amino acid substitutions spanning residues 123 to 204 indicate that intersubunit Tax dimerization correlates with its ability to assemble into the ternary complex and activate transcription. Tax also enhances the DNA binding activities of specific bZip domains in vitro. The ability of Tax to enhance DNA binding of bZip proteins can be explained in part by Tax dimerization. This activity alone is not sufficient for transactivation. A dual amino acid substitution mutant of Tax, M47 (L319R, L320S), completely abrogated for activation of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 long terminal repeat as a result of a defect in the transactivation domain, continues to stimulate binding of bZip proteins to DNA.
Extrinsic Photodiodes for Integrated Mid-Infrared Silicon Photonics (2014)

Silicon photonics has recently been proposed for a diverse set of applications at mid-infrared wavelengths, the implementation of which require on-chip photodetectors. In planar geometries, dopant-based extrinsic photoconductors have long been used for mid-infrared detection with Si and Ge acting as host materials. Leveraging the dopant-induced sub-bandgap trap-states used in bulk photoconductors for waveguide integrated mid-infrared detectors offers simple processing, integration, and operation throughout the mid-infrared by appropriate choice of dopant. In particular, Si doped with Zn forms two trap levels ~ 0.3 eV and ~ 0.58 eV above the valence band, and has been utilized extensively for cryogenically cooled bulk extrinsic photoconductors. In this letter, we present room temperature operation of Zn+ implanted Si waveguide photodiodes from 2200 nm to 2400 nm, with measured responsivities of up to 87 mA/W and low dark currents of &lt; 10 microamps.
Comparison of Kinetic Models for Dual-Tracer Receptor Concentration Imaging in Tumors. (2014)

Molecular differences between cancerous and healthy tissue have become key targets for novel therapeutics specific to tumor receptors. However, cancer cell receptor expression can vary within and amongst different tumors, making strategies that can quantify receptor concentration <i>in vivo</i> critical for the progression of targeted therapies. Recently a dual-tracer imaging approach capable of providing quantitative measures of receptor concentration <i>in vivo</i> was developed. It relies on the simultaneous injection and imaging of receptor-targeted tracer and an untargeted tracer (to account for non-specific uptake of the targeted tracer). Early implementations of this approach have been structured on existing "reference tissue" imaging methods that have not been optimized for or validated in dual-tracer imaging. Using simulations and mouse tumor model experimental data, the salient findings in this study were that all widely used reference tissue kinetic models can be used for dual-tracer imaging, with the linearized simplified reference tissue model offering a good balance of accuracy and computational efficiency. Moreover, an alternate version of the full two-compartment reference tissue model can be employed accurately by assuming that the <i>K</i><sub>1</sub>s of the targeted and untargeted tracers are similar to avoid assuming an instantaneous equilibrium between bound and free states (made by all other models).
The Sabatier principle for Battery Anodes: Chemical Kinetics and Reversible Electrodeposition at Heterointerfaces (2022)

How surface chemistry influences reactions occurring thereupon has been a long-standing question of broad scientific and technological interest for centuries. Recently, it has re-emerged as a critical question in a subdiscipline of chemistry - electrochemistry at heterointerphases, where the answers have implications for both how, and in what forms, humanity stores the rising quantities of renewable electric power generated from solar and wind installations world-wide. Here we consider the relation between the surface chemistry at such interphases and the reversibility of electrochemical transformations at a rechargeable battery electrode. Conventional wisdom holds that stronger chemical interaction between the metal deposits and electrode promotes reversibility. We report instead that a moderate strength of chemical interaction between the deposit and the substrate, neither too weak nor too strong, enables highest reversibility and stability of the plating/stripping redox processes at a battery anode. Analogous to the empirical Sabatier principle for chemical heterogeneous catalysis, our finding arises from the confluence of competing processes - one driven by electrochemistry and the other by chemical alloying. Based on experimental evaluation of metal plating/stripping systems in battery anodes of contemporary interest, we show that such knowledge provides a powerful tool for designing key materials in highly reversible electrochemical energy storage technologies based on earth-abundant, low-cost metals.
Effect of Incorporation of Nitrogen on the Structure and Dielectric Properties of Modified Oxide Sol‐Precipitated Borosilicate Glasses and Glass‐Ceramics (1996)

Glasses and glass‐ceramics have received considerable attention as substrate materials in electronic packaging because of their low (&lt;5) dielectric constant at 1 MHz. It is also known that low molecular weight species lower the contribution to electronic polarization which is primarily responsible for changes in the dielectric constant at these frequencies. In this study, borosilicate gels have been synthesized using a modified oxide sol‐precipitation process utilizing oxide precursors. Nitridation of these gels has been initiated by combining air and ammonia heat treatments at different temperatures. The effects of incorporation of nitrogen on the structure of these gels have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Similarly, the effects of nitrogen on the densification behavior of these gels have also been analyzed. At the same time, the dielectric constants of these glasses have been measured using impedance techniques. FTIR results indicate that the incorporation of nitrogen helps to decrease the borosiloxy (B‐O‐Si) bonds, causing a corresponding increase in B‐N and Si‐N bonds. Introduction of nitrogen into the gel network was seen to retard the densification kinetics and delay the crystallization onset for most of the nitrided glasses, while causing a gradual lowering of the dielectric constant.
Low-Cost Nanocellulose-Reinforced High-Temperature Polymer Composites for Additive Manufacturing (2016)

ORNL worked with American Process Inc. to demonstrate the potential use of bio-based BioPlus® lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNF) as a reinforcing agent in the development of polymer feedstock suitable for additive manufacturing. L-CNF-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) testing coupons were prepared and up to 69% increase in tensile strength and 133% increase in elastic modulus were demonstrated.
Comparison of the Agilent, ROMA/NimbleGen and Illumina platforms for classification of copy number alterations in human breast tumors (2008)

We conclude that platforms based on different technology principles reveal similar aberration patterns, although we observed some unique amplification or deletion peaks at various locations, only detected by one of the platforms. The correct platform choice for a particular study is dependent on whether the appointed research intention is gene, genome, or genotype oriented.
Programming Pressure Support Ventilation in Pediatric Patients in Ambulatory Surgery with a Laryngeal Mask Airway (2007)

PSV with a Proseal LMA in outpatient pediatric anesthesia can be programmed simply using the common clinical noninvasive variables studied. However, more studies are needed to estimate the level of pressure support that may be required in other clinical situations (respiratory pathology, endotracheal tubes, or other types of surgeries) or with other anesthesia workstations.