gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion damping during adiabatic z-rotation pulses for NMR spectroscopy in inhomogeneous magnetic fields (2006)

High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from samples located in inhomogeneous static and radio frequency magnetic fields can be obtained by applying a train of z-rotation radio frequency pulses to repeatedly refocus the inhomogeneous broadening during signal detection. z-rotation pulses based on an adiabatic double passage are effective over wide bandwidths using a limited amount of radio frequency power at the expense of being time consuming and, consequently, sensitive to motion of the spin bearing molecules. The signal damping resulting from molecular self-diffusion during the pulse was studied experimentally and using Brownian dynamics simulations. The results show that the analytical expression for diffusion damping during a double spin echo is a reasonable approximation for the signal decay during an adiabatic z-rotation pulse. Methods to alleviate the effects of diffusion are discussed.
The order independence of iterated dominance in extensive games (2013)

Shimoji and Watson (1998) prove that a strategy of an extensive game is rationalizable in the sense of Pearce if and only if it survives the maximal elimination of conditionally dominated strategies. Briefly, this process iteratively eliminates conditionally dominated strategies according to a specific order, which is also the start of an order of elimination of weakly dominated strategies. Since the final set of possible payoff profiles, or terminal nodes, surviving iterated elimination of weakly dominated strategies may be order-dependent, one may suspect that the same holds for conditional dominance.&#13;\n&#13;\nWe prove that, although the sets of strategy profiles surviving two arbitrary elimination orders of conditional dominance may be very different from each other, they are equivalent in the following sense: for each player i and each pair of elimination orders, there exists a function φi mapping each strategy of i surviving the first order to a strategy of i surviving the second order, such that, for every strategy profile s surviving the first order, the profile (φi(si))i induces the same terminal node as s does.&#13;\n&#13;\nTo prove our results, we put forward a new notion of dominance and an elementary characterization of extensive-form rationalizability (EFR) that may be of independent interest. We also establish connections between EFR and other existing iterated dominance procedures, using our notion of dominance and our characterization of EFR.
Preparation and morphological characterization of microscopic composite particles (1991)

Abstract Monodisperse microscopic poly (methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene composite particles of 1–10 μm diameter were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene in poly (methyl methacrylate) seed particles which were initially prepared by dispersion polymerization. The resulting composite particles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The unique morphology of the composite particles comprised three types of polystyrene domains embedded in a continuous poly (methyl methacrylate) matrix: the dispersed “internal” domains in the interior, the interconnected “subsurface” domains that from a crust beneath the surface, and the separated “surface” domains at the surface. In addition to thermodynamics and kinetics, the phase separation in composite particles is affected by polymerization mechanism. The complicated particle morphology found is attributed to the coexistence of bulk polymerization and emulsion polymerization (radical absorption and desorption) mechanisms. An explanation of the formation of the observed morphology is proposed. With varying poly (methyl methacrylate)/styrene ratio, the internal viscosity and the competition between the two polymerization mechanisms resulted in a series of interesting morphologies.
Vector set partitioning with classified successive refinement VQ for embedded wavelet image coding (2002)

Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT), proposed by Said and Pearlman [1996], is generally regarded as a very efficient wavelet-based still image compression scheme. The algorithm uses an efficient, joint scanning and bit-allocation mechanism for quantizing the scalar wavelet coefficients, and produces a perfectly embedded bitstream. This work extends set partitioning to scan vectors of wavelet coefficients, and uses successive refinement VQ techniques such as multistage and tree-structured VQ, to quantize several wavelet coefficients at once. The new scheme is named VSPIHT (Vector SPIHT). Coding results are presented to demonstrate that the vector-based approach (without arithmetic coding) surpasses the scalar counterpart (also without arithmetic coding), in the mean-squared-error sense, for most images at low bitrates. The superiority of the vector-based approach is more pronounced for images that are generally regarded as difficult to code (such as Barbara) because of a large amount of detail.
USP28 deletion and small molecule inhibition destabilises c-Myc and elicits regression of squamous cell lung carcinoma (2020)

Abstract Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a considerable global health burden, with an incidence of over 600,000 cases per year. Treatment options are limited, and patient 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. The ubiquitin specific protease 28 (USP28) has been implicated in tumorigenesis through its stabilization of the oncoprotein c-MYC. Here, we show that genetic inactivation of Usp28 induced regression of established murine LSCC lung tumors. We developed a small molecule that inhibits USP28 activity in the low nanomole range. While displaying cross-reactivity against the closest homologue USP25, this inhibitor showed a high degree of selectivity over other deubiquitinases. USP28 inhibitor treatment resulted in a dramatic decrease in c-Myc proteins levels and consequently induced substantial regression of autochthonous murine LSCC tumors and human LSCC xenografts, thereby phenocopying the effect observed by genetic deletion. Thus, USP28 may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of squamous cell lung carcinoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Ring Opening of Epoxy Pyranosides with Titanium Isopropoxide Reagents and SmI2: A Straightforward Access to Iododeoxy Sugars. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mode of Action of Streptolydigin (1969)

Streptolydigin and rifamycin inhibit the catalytic function of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase. Streptolydigin can inhibit polymerization after the reaction has started, whereas rifamycin is effective only if it is preincubated with RNA polymerase prior to the addition of substrates. The same relationships are observed with respect to these two antibiotics if the nucleoside triphosphate-pyrophosphate exchange reaction is used in the assay system. The inhibitory effect of streptolydigin is reversible by further addition of RNA polymerase but not by addition of deoxyribonucleic acid to the assay system.
Abstract P056: Polθ inhibitors elicit BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and target PARP inhibitor resistance (2021)

Abstract To target DNA repair vulnerabilities in cancer, we discovered nanomolar potent, selective, low molecular weight, allosteric inhibitors of the polymerase function of DNA polymerase Theta (Polθ), including ART558. ART558 inhibits the major Polθ-mediated DNA repair process, Theta-Mediated End Joining (TMEJ), without targeting Non-Homologous End Joining. Moreover, we show that exposure to ART558 can elicit DNA damage and synthetic lethality in BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutant tumour cells and enhances the effects of a PARP inhibitor. Genetic perturbation screening revealed that defects in the 53BP1/Shieldin complex, which are a cause of PARP inhibitor resistance, result in in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to Polθ polymerase inhibitors. Mechanistically, ART558 increases biomarkers of single-stranded DNA and synthetic lethality in 53BP1-defective cells. The inhibition of DNA nucleases that promote end-resection reversed these effects, suggesting that resection via Exo1 or Blm-Dna2 being a cause, at least in part, of the ART558 sensitivity phenotype. Taken together, these observations describe a drug class that elicits BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and PARP inhibitor synergy, as well as targeting a biomarker-defined mechanism of PARPi-resistance. Citation Format: Diana A. Zatreanu, Helen M. R. Robinson, Omar Alkhatib, Marie Boursier, Harry Finch, Lerin Geo, Diego Grande, Vera Grinkevich, Robert Heald, Sophie Langdon, Jayesh Majithiya, Claire McWhirter, Niall M. B. Martin, Shaun Moore, Joana Neves, Eeson Rajendra, Marco Ranzani, Theresia Schaedler, Martin Stockley, Kimberley Wiggins, Rachel Brough, Sandhya Sridhar, Aditi Gulati, Nan Shao, Luned M Badder, Daniela Novo, Eleanor G. Knight, Rebecca Marlow, Syed Haider, Elsa Callen, Graeme Hewitt, Joost Schimmel, Remko Prevo, Christina Alli, Amanda Ferdinand, Cameron Bell, Peter Blencowe, Mathew Calder, Mark Charles, Jayne Curry, Tennyson Ekwuru, Katherine Ewings, Andre Nussenzweig, Marcel Tijsterman, Andrew Tutt, Simon J. Boulton, Geoff S. Higgins, Steve Pettitt, Graeme C. M. Smith, Christopher J. Lord. Polθ inhibitors elicit BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and target PARP inhibitor resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P056.
Y-source inverter (2014)

This paper introduces a new 3-phase Y-source inverter whose gain is presently not matched by classical impedance-network-based inverters operating at the same duty ratio. The proposed network uses a tightly coupled transformer with three windings. By squeezing the shoot-through range while keeping higher boost, the inverter can operate at a higher modulation index, thereby minimizing switching device stress and providing better output power quality. In addition, the inverter has more degrees of freedom for setting the voltage gain and modulation index than other classical impedance-source networks. This design flexibility was proven mathematically, and is supported by simulations carried out to prove the concept and validate the analysis.
Capillary Coating for Protein Separation Based on Si-O and Si-C Covalent Bond Formation for Capillary Electrophoresis With Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection (2004)

Protein adsorption to capillary walls is one of the major complications in protein analyses with capillary electrophoresis (CE). Coating the capillary with different materials is used to reduce the adsorption. This chapter overviews different approaches used for capillary coating and concentrates on those utilizing Si-O and Si-C covalent bonds. The apparatus and methods are presented for capillary coating using Si-O and Si-C chemistry. Furthermore, procedures are described for monitoring the quality of coating.
Arsenic, asbestos and radon: emerging players in lung tumorigenesis (2012)

The cause of lung cancer is generally attributed to tobacco smoking. However lung cancer in never smokers accounts for 10 to 25% of all lung cancer cases. Arsenic, asbestos and radon are three prominent non-tobacco carcinogens strongly associated with lung cancer. Exposure to these agents can lead to genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor genomes, impacting genes and pathways involved in lung cancer development. Moreover, these agents not only exhibit unique mechanisms in causing genomic alterations, but also exert deleterious effects through common mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, commonly associated with carcinogenesis. This article provides a comprehensive review of arsenic, asbestos, and radon induced molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in lung cancer. A better understanding of the mode of action of these carcinogens will facilitate the prevention and management of lung cancer related to such environmental hazards.
Kurt Hansen (1910‐2002) (2002)

Abstract Die Mitglieder der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker trauern um ihren ehemaligen Präsidenten Kurt Hansen.
Improvement of Least-Squares Under Arbitrary Weighted MSE (2007)

The seminal work of Stein in the 1950's ignited a large body of research devoted to improving the total mean-squared error (MSE) of the least-squares (LS) estimator. A drawback of these methods is that they improve the total MSE at the expense of increasing the MSE of some of the individual signal components. Here we consider a framework for developing linear estimators that outperform LS over bounded norm signals, under all weighted MSE measures. We first derive an easily verifiable condition on a linear method that ensures LS domination for every weighted MSE. We then suggest a minimax estimator that minimizes the worst-case MSE over all weighting matrices and bounded norm signals subject to the universal weighted MSE domination constraint.
Maternal vaccination with a type-III glycoconjugate protects mouse neonates against Group B Streptococcus intranasal infection (2021)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is generally an asymptomatic colonizer of human mucosa but it occasionally infects pregnant women and neonates through vertical transmission, causing disease during the first weeks of life with frequent and severe complications. Preclinical studies have shown that maternal vaccination with polysaccharide-based vaccines protects mothers and offspring from GBS mucosal colonization and consecutive infection. In these models, bacteria were inoculated in mouse either intravaginally in the last trimester of pregnancy or systemically in pups. Here, we investigated whether maternal vaccination with glycoconjugate vaccines may also prevent GBS-mediated colonization and disease in neonates using an infection route that more closely mimics inhalation or ingestion of bacteria during human delivery. To address this point, mice aged less than two days were intranasally challenged with epidemiologically relevant GBS strains. Bacteria were found to colonize nose and intestine, reaching in some cases lungs and blood during the first days of life. Bacteria were also found in vagina of a fraction of colonized female mice within the first month of life. GBS-specific IgG induced by maternal vaccination with a glycoconjugate vaccine formulation were found in blood and mucosal tissues of newborns. Finally, when intranasally challenged with GBS serotype III strains, pups delivered by vaccinated mothers were partially protected against mucosal colonization and deeper infection.
Identification of Triterpene Hydroxycinnamates with in Vitro Antitumor Activity from Whole Cranberry Fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon) (2003)

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of cranberry fruit was used to determine the identity of triterpenoid esters from Vaccinium macrocarpon, which inhibit tumor cell growth and may play a role in cancer prevention. In our previous study, a fraction from whole fruit exhibited tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro. The major components of this fraction were isolated by chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate extracts, purified by semipreparative HPLC, and identified by NMR as cis- (1) and trans- (2) isomers of 3-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid. These triterpenoid esters have not been previously reported in Vaccinium fruit. Bioassay of the purified triterpene cinnamates in tumor cell lines in vitro showed slightly greater activity of compound 1 in most cell lines, with GI(50) values of approximately 20 microM in MCF-7 breast, ME180 cervical and PC3 prostate tumor cell lines. Quercetin was slightly less active than 1, while cyanidin-3-galactoside exhibited much lower cytotoxicity, with GI(50) greater than 250 microM in all cell lines. Phenylboronic acid (3) was also isolated from the fruit but showed insignificant antitumor activity.
Magnetic properties and microstructures of the Nd-Fe-B magnet powder produced by hydrogen treatment-(II) (abstract) (1990)

The hydrogen treatment of the Nd-Fe-B alloy ingots was found to produce magnet powders with good magnetic properties. Typical magnetic properties of these powders are as follows: 4πIs=9.5 kG, Br=7.7 kG, iHc=9.4 kOe, and (BH)max=12.2 MG Oe. Microstructural studies of these powders showed that they are made of fine crystalline grains of ∼0.3 μm diameter and that these crystalline grains in the individual magnet powder are not necessarily enclosed with boundary phase(s), which is quite different from previously known Nd-Fe-B magnets, i.e., the sintered magnet (the nucleation type magnet) or the amorphous ribbon magnet (the pinning type magnet). It is also noted that the size of these crystalline grains is comparable to that of the single magnetic domain of the tetragonal Nd2Fe14B intermetallic compound and the coercivity force of these powders appears to be related with their fine crystalline grain size.
The flavin monooxygenase Bs3 triggers cell death in plants, impairs growth in yeast and produces H 2 O 2 in vitro (2021)

ABSTRACT The pepper resistance gene Bs3 triggers a hypersensitive response (HR) upon transcriptional activation by the corresponding transcription activator-like effector AvrBs3 from the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas . Bs3 is homologous to flavin monooxygenases (FMOs), an enzyme class that has NADPH oxidase activity and can produce H 2 O 2 , a hallmark metabolite in plant immune reactions. Histochemical staining of infected pepper leaves and a translational fusion of Bs3 to the redox reporter roGFP2 both indicated that the Bs3-dependent HR induces a local increase in H 2 O 2 levels in planta . Moreover, our in vitro studies with recombinant Bs3 protein confirmed its NADPH oxidase activity. To test if the NADPH oxidation of Bs3 induces HR, we adapted previous studies which have uncovered mutations in fungal FMOs that result in higher NADPH oxidase activity. We replicated one of these mutations and demonstrated that the generated recombinant Bs3 S211A protein has twofold higher NADPH oxidase activity than wildtype Bs3 in vitro . Translational fusions to roGFP2 showed that Bs3 S211A also had increased NADPH oxidase activity in planta . Interestingly, while the mutant derivative Bs3 S211A had an increase in NADPH oxidase capacity, it did not trigger HR in planta . Ultimately, this reveals that Bs3 produces H 2 O 2 in planta , but that the H 2 O 2 produced by Bs3 on its own is not sufficient to trigger HR. We also demonstrated that expression of Bs3 not only triggered HR in plants, but also inhibited proliferation of yeast, which lends this model system to be utilized for the genetic dissection of Bs3 function in future studies. One sentence summary The executor-type resistance protein Bs3 from pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) acts as an NADPH oxidase but reactive oxygen species produced by Bs3 are not sufficient to trigger plant cell death
Distinct gene programs underpinning 'disease tolerance' and 'resistance' in influenza virus infection (2022)

When challenged with an invading pathogen, the host defense response is engaged to eliminate the pathogen (resistance) and to maintain health in the presence of the pathogen (disease tolerance). However, the identification of distinct molecular programs underpinning disease tolerance and resistance remained obscure. We exploited transcriptional and physiological monitoring across 33 mouse strains, during in vivo influenza virus infection, to identify two host-defense gene programs - one is associated with hallmarks of disease tolerance and the other with hallmarks of resistance. Both programs constitute generic responses in multiple mouse and human cell types. Our study describes the organizational principles of these programs and validates Arhgdia as a regulator of disease-tolerance states in epithelial cells. We further reveal that the baseline disease-tolerance state in macrophages is associated with the pathophysiological response to injury and infection. Our framework provides a paradigm for the understanding of disease tolerance and resistance at the molecular level.
Does autoimmune thyroid disease affect parathyroid autotransplantation and survival? (2009)

TT performed for Graves' disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis results in the autotransplantation of more parathyroid glands, leading to a higher incidence of temporary hypocalcaemia post-operatively. Despite this, the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism remains low at 1%.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Loss of PPP2R2A Inhibits Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and Predicts Tumor Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 32K, Expression and LOH analysis of PPP2R2A in human cancer and cancer cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Dithiol-Induced Contraction in Ag14 Clusters and Its Manifestation in Electronic Structures (2020)

We report a dithiol-protected silver cluster, Ag14(BDT)6(PPh3)8 (BDT = 1,2-benzene dithiol), abbreviated as Ag14DT, which exhibits distinctly different optical properties than the analogous monothiol-protected Ag14(SC6H3F2)12(PPh3)8, abbreviated as Ag14MT. Replacement of monothiol by dithiol, keeping the composition constant, has not been possible so far. The inner cores of both Ag14DT and Ag14MT are composed of octahedral Ag6, but because of the presence of dithiol, the outer cubic Ag8 shell became distorted in the former. Consequently, Ag14DT showed a unique absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which is mainly due to transitions derived from ligands. It exhibits dual visible/NIR emission, at around 680 and 997 nm. Ag14DT exhibited greater thermal stability because of the rigidity provided by dithiol ligands. The clusters with NIR absorption and emission open up a possibility for their application in solar thermal conversion and medical imaging. NIR luminescence in the range of 1000 nm in ultrasmall clusters is very new.
ChemInform Abstract: The Formation of Dibenzodioxocin Structures by Oxidative Coupling. A Model Reaction for Lignin Biosynthesis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DSR 15 T, a system for the automatic derivation of a digital terrain model (1991)

The Institute of Photogrammetry has developed a peripheral system for the automatic derivation of digital terrain models for the analytical plotter Kern DSR 15; this project is carried out in close collaboration with Leica AG. The principal component of the system is a parallel processor based on Transputer technology. The correlation process itself runs off-line on the Transputer system according to the Multi-Templet-Matching procedure. In a second phase, the results of the image correlation are smoothed during a process which also filters out the terrain obstacles. This process runs completely automatically. The analytical plotter DSR 15 is used for the digitalization of aerial photographs and for the control and possible revision of digital terrain models; consequently, the data are integrated into an information system. The results of the image correlation can also be used for the production of digital orthophotos. The procedure has been conceived for large-scale photographs (-1:5000); according to various precision analyses, a height precision smaller than 0.1% of the flying height can be obtained.