gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Length preserving compression (2021)

This work tackles an inherent conflict between two important trends. The first is the integration of data compression capabilities into many storage systems supporting random I/O on the compressed data. The second is encrypting data at the host, before data is written to the storage, in order to address regulatory and enterprise requirements. This provides end-to-end protection for the data, but since the data arrives encrypted, it prevents the storage from compressing the data. Can compression savings be achieved together with host side encryption without changing the storage protocols or storage backend? In this paper we show that they can.
Stochastic Realization of Non-Minimum Phase Systems (1986)

In this paper we present a stochastic realization method for linear, time-invariant, non-minimum phase systems when only output data are available. The input sequence need not be independent and identically distributed. It must be non-Gaussian, with some special properties that are described in the text. Our method proceeds in two stages. First, a minimum phase system is obtained using second-order statistics of the output. Next, an all-pass filter is realized, by exploiting higher-order statistics of the innovations. The cascade of the minimum-phase and all-pass systems yields the desired non-minimum phase system.
Synthesizing of Platelike {100} SrTiO<inf>3</inf> Particle by Topochemical Microcrystal Conversion Method (2006)

Cubic perovskite-structured platelike SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> particles were synthesized by topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) method from platelike precursor of layer-structured SrBi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sub> particles. SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> particles inherited the shape of precursor particles having a thickness of about 0.5 microns and a width of 5-10 microns. X-ray diffraction measurement of cast particles on glass substrate elucidated that in the TMC reaction, the crystallographic {001} plane of SrBi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sub> is converted into the {100} plane of SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . With use of the platelike SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> particles as a template by templated grain growth method, dense {100} grain-oriented SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ceramics having a {100} orientation degree (Logerring's factor) larger than 91% were fabricated at sintering temperatures between 1350degC to 1550degC. The maximum orientation factor was 99.3%. The textured ceramics had a unique microstructure of well aligned brick wall-like grains in the side face to tape-cast plane observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Designing with Pores - Synthesis and Applications (2010)

Environment, energy, health and transport issues are dominating our modern daily live. The complex interactions of these problems can only be solved by sustainable processing and the development of improved components. Materials science will play an important role in this new approach. One domain with specific relevance is porous ceramics and metals. It is substrates with pores sizes ranging from vacancies at the atomic level to macro pores with sizes of millimeters. There are plenty of emerging applications for porous components in different industrial sectors. Each application will specify the window of properties of the porous material.This review is limited to inorganic porous materials which can be synthesized by dry and wet powder processing methods. In order to cope with this large application domain and window of properties, several processing and coating routes and related characterization techniques have been developed. The overview of applications for porous inorganic materials is focused on macro porous components with a designed functional coating. Examples of applications include catalytic supports, diesel particulate filters, molten metal filters, biomedical scaffolds for tissue engineering and ceramic membranes for different separation purposes.
β-Lactams. IX. The synthesis of 7-β-phenylacetamido-3′-hydroxybenzo-[3,4]-O-2-isocephem, a weak antibacterial β-lactam antibiotic (1981)

The synthesis of the title compound is described.
Infrared imaging arrays based on superlattice photodiodes (2008)

We report on the status of focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on GaSb/InAs type-II superlattice diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and designed for infrared absorption in the 2-5&mu;m and 8-10&mu;m bands. Recent LWIR devices have produced differential resistance-area product greater than 100 Ohmcm<sup>2</sup> at 80K with a long wavelength cutoff of approximately 10&mu;m. The measured quantum efficiency of these front-side illuminated devices is close to 25% in the 8-9 &mu;m range. MWIR devices have produced detectivities as high as 8x10<sup>13</sup> Jones with a differential resistance-area product greater than 3x10<sup>7</sup> Ohmcm<sup>2</sup> at 80K with a long wavelength cutoff of approximately 3.7&mu;m. The measured quantum efficiency of these front-side illuminated MWIR devices is close to 40% in the 2-3&mu;m range at low temperature and increases to over 60% near room temperature. Initial results on SiO<sub>2</sub> and epitaxial-regrowth based passivation techniques are also presented, as well as images from the first lot of 1kx1k MWIR arrays and our latest 256x256 LWIR arrays.
Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7, 8, and 13 TeV (2017)

Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson are presented. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.1, 19.7, and 2.3 fb$^{−1}$ at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. The search channels target Higgs boson production via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with a vector boson. Upper limits are placed on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, as a function of the assumed production cross sections. The combination of all channels, assuming standard model production, yields an observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction of 0.24 (0.23) at the 95% confidence level. The results are also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal dark matter models.
Chapter 25. Mutational Spectra Provide Insight into the Mechanisms Bridging DNA Damage to Genetic Disease (2020)

With every replication, mammalian genomes accumulate point mutations in patterns that reflect the local chemical activity of intrinsic and extrinsic mutagenic processes. Over generations of cell replications, these patterns become a historical record of the identity and duration of past and ongoing chemical and biochemical perturbations capable of leaving mutational scars, such as environmental agent exposure, pathogen infection, inflammation or metabolic stress. Decoding these mutational records can provide insight into the causes and mechanisms of genetic diseases. Moreover, this record can provide clinically relevant information such as biomarkers of exposure, of disease progression, and of response to therapy. Furthermore, the records can also help to identify novel, actionable targets for intervention. Mechanistically, point mutations accumulate in sequence context-dependent patterns known as mutational spectra that reflect: 1) patterns of DNA damage formation; 2) activity of DNA repair; and 3) the aftermath of replication across DNA damage. Most individual forms of DNA damage lead to characteristic mutational spectra. This Chapter provides a summary of the mutational signatures extracted from large scale sequencing efforts in human cancer, and a closer look at the mutational patterns induced by several environmental carcinogens, highlighting the mechanistic steps that contribute to the observed mutational distributions.
Pure Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy: A Multicenter Experience (2020)

According to recent international consensus conferences, pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH), particularly right and left hepatectomies, is not yet considered a standard practice because studies remain limited. Thus, we present the outcomes of more than 500 PLDH patients, mostly receiving a right hepatectomy. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date on PLDH. Data from all living liver donors who underwent PLDH at 5 centers in Korea until June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The outcomes of both donors and recipients were included. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the duration of surgery and cumulative experience at each center, which reflects the learning curve. Overall, 545 PLDH cases were analyzed, including 481 right hepatectomies, 25 left hepatectomies, and 39 left lateral sectionectomies (LLS). The open conversion was necessary for 10 (1.8%) donors, and none of the donors died or experienced irreversible disability. Notably, there were 25 (4.6%) patients with major complications (higher than Clavien-Dindo grade 3). All centers except one showed a significant decrease in surgery duration as the number of cases accumulated. Regarding recipient outcomes, there were 110 cases (20.2%) of early major complications and 177 cases (32.5%) of late major complications. This study shows the early and late postoperative outcomes of 545 donors and corresponding recipients, including 481 right hepatectomies and 25 left hepatectomies, from 5 experienced centers. Although the results are comparable to those of previously reported open donor hepatectomy series, further studies are needed to consider PLDH a new standard practice.
Functional Analysis of Shigella VirG Domains Essential for Interaction with Vinculin and Actin-based Motility (1996)

The VirG (IcsA) protein of Shigella is required for recruitment of host actin filament (F-actin) by intracellularly motile bacteria. An N-terminal 80-kDa VirG portion (alpha-domain) is exposed on the bacterial surface, while the following C-terminal 37-kDa portion (beta-core) is embedded in the outer membrane. Here, we report that the surface exposed alpha-domain of VirG possesses two distinct functional domains; one is the N-terminal two-thirds portion of the alpha-domain which is required for eliciting F-actin assembly on the bacteria in infected cells, and the other one is the rest of the C-terminal portion of the VirG alpha-domain, which is essential for the asymmetric distribution of VirG on the bacterial surface. Furthermore, we found that vinculin, an actin-binding cytoskeletal protein, accumulates on the surface of bacteria expressing VirG in infected cells, and that the distribution of vinculin coincided with the distribution of VirG and assembled F-actin. The vinculin accumulation depended on the expression of the alpha-domain VirG portion required for F-actin assembly, but the recruitment of vinculin on Shigella appeared prior to the appearance of F-actin in the infected cells. Analysis of proteins interacting with VirG using Xenopus laevis eggs extracts revealed that vinculin was a protein that bound to the alpha-domain portion. This was further confirmed using purified chicken gizzard vinculin, in that the 95-kDa vinculin head part, but not the 30-kDa tail part, directly bound to the alpha-domain portion. These results suggest a possible role for vinculin in recruitment of F-actin to the VirG moiety exposed on Shigella in infected mammalian cells.
Numerous Compounds Orchestrate Coffee’s Bitterness (2020)

Coffee is one of the most consumed hot beverages worldwide and is highly regarded because of its stimulating effect despite having a pronounced bitterness. Even though numerous bitter ingredients have been identified, the detailed molecular basis for coffee's bitterness is not well understood except for caffeine, which activates five human bitter taste receptors. We elucidated the contribution of other bitter coffee constituents in addition to caffeine with functional calcium imaging experiments using mammalian cells expressing the cDNAs of human bitter taste receptors, sensory experiments, and in silico modeling approaches. We identified two human bitter taste receptors, TAS2R43 and TAS2R46, that responded to the bitter substance mozambioside with much higher sensitivity than to caffeine. Further, the structurally related bitter substances bengalensol, cafestol, and kahweol also activated the same pair of bitter taste receptors much more potently than the prototypical coffee bitter substance caffeine. However, for kahweol, a potent but weak activator of TAS2R43 and TAS2R46, we observed an inhibitory effect when simultaneously applied together with mozambioside to TAS2R43 expressing cells. Molecular modeling experiments showed overlapping binding sites in the receptor's ligand binding cavity that suggest that the partial agonist kahweol might be useful to reduce the overall bitterness of coffee-containing beverages. Taken together, we found that the bitterness of coffee is determined by a complex interaction of multiple bitter compounds with several human bitter taste receptors.
Design of a chipless RFID sensor for water level detection (2012)

In this paper, a new way of detecting the level of fluids, remotely, using a chipless RFID sensor is investigated for the first time. For the sake of comparison, a classical RFID tag applied on a box is used to measure a water level thanks to the variation of the threshold transmitting power. Then a chipless RFID sensor design based on multiple resonators etched on a flexible laminate is introduced. In this case, the operating frequencies are between 2.5 and 4 GHz. A comparison is drawn between these two techniques in terms of unit cost and performance.
Promoted Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen with Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Plasmon‐Enhanced TiO2 Photoelectrodes (2018)

A hundred years on, the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process continues to turn the N<sub>2</sub> in air into fertilizer, nourishing billions of people while causing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of mitigating climate change motivates society to progress toward a more sustainable method for fixing N<sub>2</sub> that is based on clean energy. Surface oxygen vacancies (surface O<sub>vac</sub> ) hold great potential for N<sub>2</sub> adsorption and activation, but introducing O<sub>vac</sub> on the very surface without affecting bulk properties remains a great challenge. Fine tuning of the surface O<sub>vac</sub> by atomic layer deposition is described, forming a thin amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> layer on plasmon-enhanced rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> /Au nanorods. Surface O<sub>vac</sub> in the outer amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> thin layer promote the adsorption and activation of N<sub>2</sub> , which facilitates N<sub>2</sub> reduction to ammonia by excited electrons from ultraviolet-light-driven TiO<sub>2</sub> and visible-light-driven Au surface plasmons. The findings offer a new approach to N<sub>2</sub> photofixation under ambient conditions (that is, room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
Structural CNT Composites (2015)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based materials promise advances in the production of high strength and multifunctional components for aerospace and other applications. Specifically, in tension dominated applications, the latest CNT based filaments are yielding composite properties comparable to or exceeding composites from more established fibers such as Kevlar and carbon fiber. However, for the properties of these materials to be fully realized at the component level, suitable manufacturing processes have to be developed. These materials handle differently from conventional fibers, with different wetting characteristics and behavior under load. The limited availability of bulk forms also requires that the equipment be scaled down accordingly to tailor the process development approach to material availability. Here, the development of hardware and software for filament winding of carbon nanotube based tapes and yarns is described. This hardware features precision guidance of the CNT material and control of the winding tension over a wide range in an open architecture that allows for effective process control and troubleshooting during winding. Use of the filament winder to develop CNT based Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) shall also be discussed.
INL Active Interrogation Testing In Support of the GNEP Safeguards Campaign (2008)

Active interrogation, a measurement technique which uses a radiation source to probe materials and generate unique signatures useful for characterizing those materials, is a powerful tool for assaying special nuclear material. Work at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in the area of active interrogation, using neutron and photon sources, has been under way for many years to develop methods for detecting and quantifying nuclear material for national and homeland security research areas. This research knowledge base is now being extended to address nuclear safeguards and process monitoring issues related to the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). As a first step in this area preliminary scoping studies have been performed to investigate the usefulness of using active neutron interrogation, with a low-power electronic neutron generator, to assay Department of Transportation 6M shipping drums containing uranium oxide fuel rodlets from INL’s zero power physics reactor. Using the paired-counting technique during the die-away time period of interrogation, a lower detection limit of approximately 4.2 grams of enriched uranium (40% 235U) was calculated for a 40 minute measurement using a field portable 2.5 MeV neutron source and an array of 16 moderated helium-3 neutron tubes. Future work in this area, including the use of a more powerful neutron source and a better tailored detector array, would likely improve this limit to a much lower level. Further development work at INL will explore the applicability of active interrogation in association with the nuclear safeguards and process monitoring needs of the advanced GNEP facilities under consideration. This work, which will include both analyses and field demonstrations, will be performed in collaboration with colleagues at INL and elsewhere that have expertise in nuclear fuel reprocessing as well as active interrogation and its use for nuclear material analyses.
Abstract 16165: Inorganic Arsenic Induces Sex-Dependent Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy (2020)

Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAS) through drinking water is well-associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which it induces these effects are not fully understood. Recent epidemiological findings highlight an association between iAS exposure and altered left ventricular geometry in both the presence and absence of hypertension. We therefore tested the hypothesis that iAS exposure has a bimodal impact on cardiac-intrinsic and hemodynamic mechanisms that together induce pathological remodeling of the myocardium. Adult male and female mice were exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of 615 μg/L NaAsO 2 for eight weeks. Males (n=9-10 mice/group) exhibited increased systolic blood pressure (115.1±3.0 vs. 106.0±2.3 mmHg, p=0.0350) via tail cuff photoplethysmography, left ventricular wall thickening (0.98±0.01 vs. 0.88±0.01 mm, p&lt;0.0001) via transthoracic echocardiography, increased heart weight to tibia length (8.56±0.21 vs. 7.15±0.24 mg/mm; n=24 mice/group), and increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (47.85±12.0 vs. 15.14±3.73 pg/mL, p=0.0379) via enzyme immunoassay. Myocardial mRNA transcript levels (n=10 hearts/group) of Acta1 (1.36±0.18 vs. 0.73±0.11, p=0.0037), Myh7 (1.53±0.15 vs. 1.04±0.10, p=0.0138), and Nppa (2.40±0.29 vs. 1.02±0.07, p=0.0001) were increased, and Myh6 (0.92±0.17 vs. 1.14±0.23, p=0.0001) was decreased, evidencing pathological hypertrophy in the male heart. Female hearts, however, were largely protected at this eight-week timepoint as similar changes were not detected. Further investigation found that Rcan1 was upregulated (1.47±0.19 vs. 0.97±0.04, p=0.0161; n=10 hearts/group) in male hearts, suggesting that calcineurin-NFAT was activated. Interestingly, iAS was sufficient to activate NFAT (0.82±0.11 vs. 0.46±0.05, p=0.0214; n=8 wells/group) independent of blood pressure via luciferase assay. In conclusion, these results demonstrate for the first time that iAS may cause pathological cardiac hypertrophy not only by increasing hemodynamic load, but also by activating calcineurin-NFAT and inducing fetal gene expression in the male heart, thus providing novel mechanistic insight into the threat of iAS exposure to the cardiovascular system.
Software Engineering Processes (2000)

Software engineering is playing an increasingly significant role in computing and informatics, necessitated by the complexities inherent in large-scale software development. To deal with these difficulties, the conventional life-cycle approaches to software engineering are now giving way to the "process system" approach, encompassing development me
Effects of Natural Product Extracts on Contraction and Mechanical Properties of Fibroblast Populated Collagen Gel. (2000)

Fibroblast-populated collagen gel cultures have been used as a dermal model of wound contraction and granulation in the wound healing process and as an in vitro model of dermal tissue. We evaluated the effects of various natural product extracts on collagen gel contraction-promoting activity and mechanical properties (relaxation time) using this model, and observed that some natural product extracts, such as Hibamata extract (from Fucus vesiculosus) promoted gel contraction and increased the relaxation time of the gels. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of the promotion of the gel contraction, noting increased expression of integrin alpha2 and beta1 subunit molecules on the surface of the fibroblasts, suggesting that some extracts, such as Hibamata extract, promote gel contraction by increasing the expression of integrin molecules on the fibroblasts surface. For other types of natural product extracts, other mechanisms of the gel contraction-promoting activity, which were independent of an increase of integrins, were suggested. Although the mechanisms of promotion of gel contraction by these extracts are still unclear, it is at least clear that, more than one mechanism appears to be present. Therefore, more effective drug regimens for improving dermal tissues and wound healing may be achieved by combining drugs which increase integrin molecules and drugs with other mechanisms of action.