gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction and Measurement of Thermoacoustic Improvements in Gas Turbines With Annular Combustion Systems (2000)

Environmental compatibility requires low emission burners for gas turbine power plants. In the past, significant progress has been made developing low NOx and CO burners by introducing lean premixed techniques in combination with annular combustion chambers. Unfortunately, these burners often have a more pronounced tendency to produce combustion-driven oscillations than conventional burner designs. The oscillations may be excited to such an extent that the risk of engine failure occurs. For this reason, the prediction of these thermoacoustic instabilities in the design phase of an engine becomes more and more important. A method based on linear acoustic four-pole elements has been developed to predict instabilities of the ring combustor of the 3A-series gas turbines (Krüger et al. (1999b)). The complex network includes the whole combustion system starting from both compressor outlet and fuel supply system and ending at the turbine inlet. The flame frequency response was determined by a transient numerical simulation (step-function approach). Based on this method, possible improvements for the gas turbine are evaluated in this paper. First, the burner impedance is predicted theoretically and compared with results from measurements on a test rig for validation of the prediction approach. Next, the burner impedance in a gas turbine combustion system is analyzed and improved thermoacoustically. Stability analyses for the gas turbine combustion system show the positive impact of this improvement. Second, the interaction of the acoustic parts of the gas turbine system has been detuned systematically in circumferential direction of the annular combustion chamber in order to find a more stable configuration. Stability analyses show the positive effect of this measure as well. The results predicted are compared with measurements from engine operation. The comparisons of prediction and measurements show the applicability of the prediction method in order to evaluate the thermoacoustic stability of the combustor as well as to define possible countermeasures.
Remote electrocardiograph monitoring using a novel adhesive strip sensor: A pilot study (2016)

The increase in health care costs is not sustainable and has heightened the need for innovative low cost effective strategies for delivering patient care. Remote monitoring holds great promise for preventing or shortening duration of hospitalization even while improving quality of care. We therefore conducted a proof of concept study to examine the quality of electrocardiograph (ECG) recordings obtained remotely and to test its potential utility in detecting harmful rhythms such as atrial fibrillation. We tested a novel adhesive strip ECG monitor and assessed the ECG quality in ambulatory individuals. 2630 ECG strips were analyzed and classified as: Sinus, atrial fibrillation (AF), indeterminate, or other. Four readers independently rated ECG quality: 0: Noise; 1: QRS complexes seen, but <i>P</i>-wave indeterminate; 2: QRS complexes seen, P-waves seen but poor quality; and 3: Clean QRS complexes and <i>P</i>-waves. The combined average rating was: Noise 12%; R-R, no <i>P</i>-wave 10%; R-R, no PR interval 18%; and R-R with PR interval 60% (if Sinus). If minimum diagnostic quality was a score of 1, 88% of strips were diagnostic. There was moderate to high agreement regarding quality (weighted Kappa statistic values; 0.58 to 0.76) and high level of agreement regarding ECG diagnosis (ICC = 0.93). A highly variable RR interval (HRV ≥ 7) predicted AF (AUC = 0.87). The monitor acquires and transmits diagnostic high quality ECG data and permits characterization of AF.
Chondrogenic Differentiation on Perlecan Domain I, Collagen II, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Based Matrices (2006)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in cartilage cooperate with growth factors to regulate chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage development. Domain I of perlecan (Pln) bears heparan sulfate chains that bind and release heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs). We hypothesized that Pln domain I (PlnDI) might be complexed with collagen II (P-C) fibrils to improve binding of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and better support chondrogenesis and cartilage-like tissue formation in vitro. Our results showed that P-C fibrils bound more BMP-2 than collagen II fibrils alone, and better sustained BMP-2 release. Polylactic acid (PLA)-based scaffolds coated with P-C fibrils immobilized more BMP-2 than either PLA scaffolds or PLA scaffolds coated with collagen II fibrils alone. Multipotential mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells, C3H10T1/2, were cultured on 2-dimensional P-C fibrils or 3-dimensional P-C/BMP-2-coated (P-C-B) PLA scaffolds. Chondrogenic differentiation was indexed by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, and expression of the pro-chondrogenic transcription factor, Sox9, as well as cartilaginous ECM proteins, collagen II, and aggrecan. Immunostaining for aggrecan, perlecan, tenascin, and collagen X revealed that both C3H10T1/2 cells and primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured on P-C-B fibrils showed the highest expression of chondrogenic markers among all treatment groups. Safranin O-Fast Green staining indicated that cartilage-like tissue was formed in the P-C-B scaffolds, while no obvious cartilage-like tissue formed in other scaffolds. We conclude that P-C fibrils provide an improved biomimetic material for the binding and retention of BMP-2 and support chondrogenic differentiation.
Caractérisation texturale par thermoporométrie, à l'état gonflé par l'eau, de résines échangeuses d'anions (1984)

Abstract Thermoporometry is used to determine the size and the volume of the cavities of anion exchange resins swollen in water. The conditions of the application of thermoporometry are different of those met with non‐functionalised resins. An important fraction of the water remains bond to the polymer and does not change its state when cooling. Nevertheless, it is possible to deduce from the freezing of the non‐bound water the geometrical characteristics of the cavities of the resin which determine the fluid inside circulation. In most cases it is possible to confirm the pore size distribution by nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry on resins partly swollen with water.
Profibrotic Role of miR-154 in Pulmonary Fibrosis (2012)

In this study, we explored the regulation and the role of up-regulated microRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown origin. We analyzed the expression of microRNAs in IPF lungs and identified 43 significantly up-regulated microRNAs. Twenty-four of the 43 increased microRNAs were localized to the chromosome 14q32 microRNA cluster. We validated the increased expression of miR-154, miR-134, miR-299-5p, miR-410, miR-382, miR-409-3p, miR-487b, miR-31, and miR-127 by quantitative RT-PCR and determined that they were similarly expressed in embryonic lungs. We did not find evidence for differential methylation in this region, but analysis of transcription factor binding sites identified multiple SMAD3-binding elements in the 14q32 microRNA cluster. TGF-β1 stimulation of normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) caused up-regulation of microRNAs on chr14q32 that were also increased in IPF lungs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed binding of SMAD3 to the putative promoter of miR-154. Mir-154 was increased in IPF fibroblasts, and transfection of NHLF with miR-154 caused significant increases in cell proliferation and migration. The increase in proliferation induced by TGF-β was not observed when NHLF or IPF fibroblasts were transfected with a mir-154 inhibitor. Transfection with miR-154 caused activation of the WNT pathway in NHLF. ICG-001 and XAV939, inhibitors of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, reduced the proliferative effect of miR-154. The potential role of miR-154, one of multiple chr14q32 microRNA cluster members up-regulated in IPF and a regulator of fibroblast migration and proliferation, should be further explored in IPF.
Smart and Connected Mask for Protection beyond the Pandemic : (Invited Paper) (2021)

The rapid spread of COVID-19 prompted many to take precautions to control the transmission of the virus. The most crucial of these is face coverings, such as face masks, as the virus is an airborne pathogen capable of transmission via respiratory droplets. While there are developments in smart mask technologies, they only provide passive protection through filtration and internal decontamination against the virus. This paper describes a new approach to smart mask technology that actively monitors for airborne pathogens using a PM sensor and reduces the wearer’s exposure to them by an active mitigation strategy. This strategy involves using a mist spray to increase the pathogen’s particle size, which reduces their ability to linger in the air. This system can be controlled wirelessly via a mobile application, which also displays the monitoring data. Deployment areas of this smart mask include classrooms, hospitals, and workspaces. Our experimental results demonstrate that increasing droplet sizes reduces the settling time for pathogens. Our future work includes a more precise detection of pathogens and improvements in deploying mitigation using fine-grained analysis about the aerosol and artificial intelligence.
IHC for Her2 with CBE356 antibody is a more accurate predictor of Her2 gene amplification by FISH than HercepTestTM in breast carcinoma (2005)

Positive IHC staining for Her2 using CBE356 is 3% more accurate and 23% more sensitive at predicting Her2 gene amplification by FISH than positive staining with HercepTest. Negative IHC using CBE356 antibody is 6% more likely to represent a truly negative result than negative staining with HercepTest. Overall, CBE356 was a more accurate predictor of Her2 gene amplification by FISH than HercepTest.
Microwave Logic Circuits Using Diodes (1959)

It is possible to control the transmission of microwave power in a waveguide via external control of the dc bias on a semiconductor diode mounted across the waveguide in a direction parallel to the E field. The combination of a microwave detector with such a modulator affords a means whereby RF power in one waveguide can be made to control RF power in a second waveguide. In order to test the applicability of this circuit to binary logic functions, a regenerative memory loop has been constructed. Traveling-wave tubes were employed to raise the level of a controlled signal to that required by the detector. Using an X-band carrier, binary pulse stability was observed at pulse repetition rates of 685 mc.
Three-carbon annelations. Regiocontrolled reactivity of trimethylsilyl- and ethoxyethyl-protected cyanohydrins. Versatile homoenolate and acyl anion equivalents (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree-carbon annelations. Regiocontrolled reactivity of trimethylsilyl- and ethoxyethyl-protected cyanohydrins. Versatile homoenolate and acyl anion equivalentsRichard M. Jacobson, George P. Lahm, and John W. CladerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 3, 395–405Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01291a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01291a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1101Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Star formation in the Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 (1987)

New NIR and FIR maps and J = 1-0 CO spectroscopy of the Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 are presented. The brighter 150-micron emission is concentrated along the central visual ridge of the galaxy, although there is lower intensity extended emission throughout the visible extent of the object. The maximum FIR emission is coincident, within the uncertainties, with the visual and NIR maxima, identified as the galactic nucleus. It is estimated that the IR luminosity of the 1-kpc-diameter central region in NGC 4449 is comparable to that for a similar-sized region at the center of the Galaxy. A large fraction of the 150-micron emission may arise from warm dust distributed throughout the galaxy and heated by the diffuse radiation field. Active star formation follows the NIR emission in part of the galaxy, but no coincidence is found in another region.
Statistical Models of Signal and Noise and Fundamental Limits of Segmentation Accuracy in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography (2017)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized diagnosis and prognosis of ophthalmic diseases by visualization and measurement of retinal layers. To speed up the quantitative analysis of disease biomarkers, an increasing number of automatic segmentation algorithms have been proposed to estimate the boundary locations of retinal layers. While the performance of these algorithms has significantly improved in recent years, a critical question to ask is how far we are from a theoretical limit to OCT segmentation performance. In this paper, we present the Cramèr-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for the problem of OCT layer segmentation. In deriving the CRLBs, we address the important problem of defining statistical models that best represent the intensity distribution in each layer of the retina. Additionally, we calculate the bounds under an optimal affine bias, reflecting the use of prior knowledge in many segmentation algorithms. Experiments using in vivo images of human retina from a commercial spectral domain OCT system are presented, showing potential for improvement of automated segmentation accuracy. Our general mathematical model can be easily adapted for virtually any OCT system. Furthermore, the statistical models of signal and noise developed in this paper can be utilized for the future improvements of OCT image denoising, reconstruction, and many other applications.
Adapter Function of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1D in Insulin Receptor/Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Interaction (1995)

Insulin signal transduction involves the multisite docking protein insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and a number of Src homology-2 (SH2) domain factors, including p85/p110 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p110 GTPase-activating protein, and the phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatase PTP1D. In transfected baby hamster kidney cells, Rat1 fibroblasts, and normal IM9 lymphoblasts, PTP1D directly binds activated insulin receptor. This interaction is mediated by catalytic domain-proximal SH2 determinants of the phosphatase and phosphotyrosine 1146 of the activated insulin receptor. While the receptor and the phosphatase do not serve as substrates for each other, their interaction promotes IRS-1 binding to the receptor, indicating that PTP1D functions as an adapter for insulin receptor and IRS-1. The formation of a multiprotein signaling complex involving the insulin receptor, PTP1D, and IRS-1 enhances cellular glucose uptake, a critical process in the physiological action of insulin.
Calculating Quantile‐Based Risk Analytics with L‐Estimators (2003)

Quantile‐based measures of risk, e.g., value at risk (VaR), are widely used in portfolio risk applications. Increasing attention is being directed toward managing risk, which involves identifying sources of risk and assessing the economic impact of potential trades. This article compares the performance of two quantile‐based VaR estimators commonly applied to assess the market risk of option portfolios and the credit risk of bond portfolios.
Development of gene augmentation strategy for the treatment of MAK associated Retinitis Pigmentosa (2019)

Purpose The gene male germ cell associated kinase (MAK) encodes a protein involved in regulation of photoreceptor cilia length. By combining next generation whole exome sequencing and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology we found that an Alu repeat inserted in exon 9 of the MAK gene resulted in a loss of normal MAK transcript and development of human autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although a relatively rare cause of disease in the general population, the MAK variant is enriched in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. In this population, 1 in 55 individuals are carriers and 1/3 of all cases of recessive RP is caused by this gene. The purpose of this study was to determine if a viral gene augmentation strategy could be used to restore functional MAK protein and in turn would be a good candidate for treatment of early stage MAK associated RP. Methods To demonstrate the ability of the developed MAK gene transfer vector to restore normal transcript and protein, patient specific iPSC derived photoreceptor precursor cells were transduced and immunocytochemistry, rt‐PCR and western blot analysis were performed. To demonstrate transgene function, cilia length assays were performed using patient derived fibroblast cells in vitro and MAK knock out zebra fish in vivo . In addition, visual function testing was performed in the zebra fish. To demonstrate safety of cGMP generated clinical grade vector, local and systemic toxicity studies were performed via subretinal injection into wildtype rats. Results MAK mutant RP iPSC derived photoreceptor cells harboring the previously identified ALU insertion (Tucker et. al. 2011) were generated and transduced with viral vectors containing the retinal MAK transcript. At 1‐week post‐transduction normal retinal MAK transcript and protein could be detected via rt‐PCR and western blotting respectively. Using patient derived fibroblast cells and MAK knockdown zebra fish we demonstrate that over expression of retinal MAK transgene restored primary cilia length. In addition, the visual defect identified in MAK knockdown zebra fish was mitigated via treatment with retinal MAK transgene. Following subretinal delivery of clinical grade vector into wild type rats no evidence of local or systemic toxicity was detected at either 1 or 3 months' post‐treatment. Conclusions We have successfully developed a MAK gene replacement strategy that has been validated in human iPSC derived photoreceptor precursor cells in vitro and MAK knock down zebra fish and wildtype rats in vivo . This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Optimization of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolinone-3-carboxamides as Antimalarials Targeting PfATP4 (2023)

There is an urgent need to populate the antimalarial clinical portfolio with new candidates because of resistance against frontline antimalarials. To discover new antimalarial chemotypes, we performed a high-throughput screen of the Janssen Jumpstarter library against the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> asexual blood-stage parasite and identified the 2,3-dihydroquinazolinone-3-carboxamide scaffold. We defined the SAR and found that 8-substitution on the tricyclic ring system and 3-substitution of the exocyclic arene produced analogues with potent activity against asexual parasites equivalent to clinically used antimalarials. Resistance selection and profiling against drug-resistant parasite strains revealed that this antimalarial chemotype targets PfATP4. Dihydroquinazolinone analogues were shown to disrupt parasite Na<sup>+</sup> homeostasis and affect parasite pH, exhibited a fast-to-moderate rate of asexual kill, and blocked gametogenesis, consistent with the phenotype of clinically used PfATP4 inhibitors. Finally, we observed that optimized frontrunner analogue WJM-921 demonstrates oral efficacy in a mouse model of malaria.
Studies on the Biosynthesis of the Stephacidins and Notoamides. Total Synthesis of Notoamides (2010)

Notoamide S has been suggested to be the final common precursor between two different Aspergillus sp. fungal strains before diverging to form enantiomerically opposite natural products (+)- and (-)-stephacidin A and (+)- and (-)-notoamide B. The synthesis of notoamide S comes from the coupling of N-Fmoc proline with a 6-hydroxy-7-prenyl-2-reverse prenyl tryptophan derivative that was synthesized via a late stage Claisen rearrangement from a 6-propargyl-2-reverse prenylated indole.
Toward absolute quantification in CW-FDOT systems: use of a priori information (2011)

In the context of continuous wave fluorescence-enhanced diffuse optical tomography, we show that the reconstructed fluorescence depends on the local diffusion coefficient and demonstrate that the a priori knowledge of specific optical parameters may lead to the reconstruction of absolute quantification of the fluorophore distribution. In this context, we point out the potentiality of a bimodal instrument coupling functional and morphological information to provide knowledge of the distribution of optical parameters of internal organs. We show some quantitative results on simulated and experimental data on phantoms and conclude suggesting the use of optical parameters atlases to achieve an absolute quantification of fluorophore distribution in real contexts.
A "Hands On" Module To Introduce Freshmen To Electrical Engineering (2020)

Freshman engineering courses are being widely implemented so that students can make an informed decision about their major. Module-based approaches that trade depth for the sake of breadth are often used to present each of the varied disciplines separately. Electrical engineering, an abstract and mathematically intense discipline, is particularly challenging to distill into a few hours. This paper describes a four-hour electrical engineering module that examines the role of electrical engineering in the manipulation of audio signals, developed for a new introductory engineering course at the United States Naval Academy.
Vertical transport in isotype InAlN/GaN dipole induced diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2017)

InAlN dipole diodes were developed and fabricated on both (0001) Ga-Face and 0001¯ N-face oriented GaN on sapphire templates by molecular beam epitaxy. The orientation and direction of the InAlN polarization dipole are functions of the substrate orientation and composition, respectively. Special consideration was taken to minimize growth differences and impurity uptake during growth on these orientations of opposite polarity. Comparison of devices on similarly grown structures with In compositions in excess of 50% reveals that dipole diodes shows poorer forward bias performance and exhibited an increase in reverse bias leakage, regardless of orientation. Similarly, (0001) Ga-face oriented InAlN at a lowered 40% In composition had poor device characteristics, namely, the absence of expected exponential turn on in forward bias. By contrast, at In compositions close to 40%, 0001¯ N-face oriented InAlN devices had excellent performance, with over five orders of magnitude of rectification and extracted barrier heights of 0.53– 0.62 eV; these values are in close agreement with simulation. Extracted ideality factors ranging from 1.08 to 1.38 on these devices are further evidence of their optimal performance. Further discussion focuses on the growth and orientation conditions that may lead to this discrepancy yet emphasizes that with proper design and growth strategy, the rectifying dipole diodes can be achieved with InAlN nitride dipole layers.