gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The performance of thin film carbon materials and carbon nanotubes as cold cathodes (2002)

In this work we have studied the field emission from three different types of carbon films: (i) a-C:H:N deposited using an inductively coupled rf PECVD process, where the N content in the films can be as high as 30 at%. (ii) Cathodic arc deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) with embedded regions of carbon nanotube and onion structures. (iii) Unoriented carbon nanotube films on a porous substrate. These films were formed by filtering a solution of nanotubes dispersed in alcohol through the pores (0.2 um dia.) and drying.
2A1-D05 The Five-Fingers Robot Hand with Membrane-Type Pneumatic Actuator(Flexible Robot/Mechanism and its Control) (2012)

Recently, research and development in robotics of rehabilitation and power assist have focused on pneumatically driven robots, because of their low cost, light weight, and simple systems. Because there is a failure characteristic in the pneumatic actuators, it is possible to build a safe and flexible drive. As drive mechanism of pneumatically driven robots, we take particular note of Mckibben-type pneumatic actuator. We developed a low-pressure, low-volume pneumatic actuator in previous studies. However, generative force of this pneumatic actuator is small, if you use equipment such as rehabilitation assistance. To solve this problem, we develop originally membrane-type pneumatic actuators. We reveal the characteristics of a pneumatic actuator from experiment. We construct a model of the relationship between pressure and force on the results.
Underbalanced Operations Continue Offshore Movement (2001)

Abstract About 20% of the world's known offshore reserves of natural gas and oil are economically undrillable with today's conventional tools and technology. Major barriers to conventional methods and equipment must be overcome to economically drill for these vast reserves. The barriers to conventional deepwater drilling methods are: Narrow margin between the formation fracture and pore pressures requiring excessive casing programs and larger, more expensive rigs to drill.Depleted reservoirs relative to water depth where hydrostatic head of conventional mud and cuttings cause gross overbalanced and resulting damage to well productivity.Shallow water flow hazards.Limited ability to adjust equivalent circulating density while drilling ahead. The tools and technology associated with underbalanced (UB) drilling are seen as key to economically and safely drilling into these reserves. Further, it is expected that by the end of this first decade of this millennium, offshore applications of underbalanced drilling tools and technology will play a profound role in the industry, particularly in deeper waters. For example, to deal with the conventional drilling barrier described in Item 1., above: The ability to drill offshore with lightweight fluids, perhaps while incurring annulus pressure at the surface in the marine riser (if drilling from a floating rig) or surface BOP stack (if drilling from a jack up), is seen as a viable and attractive method for overcoming this conventional overbalanced drilling barrier. The objective in many cases may not be to achieve true underbalance, but to drill nearer balanced than one would wish to do if drilling conventionally. For dealing with the barrier described in Item 2., above: Dual density (aka dual gradient) deepwater drilling methods provide an additional attractive option. In the application of this technology, a state of underbalanced is not achieved or desired, but the tools and technology one normally associated with underbalanced drilling are required to practice this technology. For dealing with the barrier described in Item 3., above: Use of a subsea rotating control head is an option. In this case, one considers shallow water flow hazards as a well control issue and tools up to deal with it accordingly. For dealing with conventional drilling barrier described in Item 4., above: Underbalanced operations require specialized surface equipment. In the case of dual density drilling, specialized subsea equipment. E.g., Rotating diverter control head, choke manifold, fluids separation and a means of dealing with produced hydrocarbons. The addition of this equipment usually provides at least one and sometimes several additional methods of adjusting equivalent circulating density while drilling ahead.
Proactive Therapeutic Concentration Monitoring of Infliximab May Improve Outcomes for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2014)

In this pilot observational study, proactive TCM of IFX frequently identified patients with low or undetectable trough concentrations and resulted in a greater probability of remaining on IFX.
Comparison of electromigration performance for Pb-free solders and surface finishes with Ni UBM (2008)

A series of electromigration (EM) experiments were undertaken to evaluate the time to failure performance of solder joints comprised of Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu alloys in combination with three solderable surface finishes, Cu, Ni-Au and Ni-Cu. The opposing pad structure in the solder joints was the same in all experiments and was comprised of a layered structure, simulating Ni based under - bump - metallurgies (UBM) for controlled collapse chip connection (C4). As anticipated the Sn grain size was large with the typical solder joint containing only a few grains. In all experiments, reported here, the electron current exited the pad with the surface finish under evaluation and passed into the solder. Two failure modes were identified. The manifested failure mode depended on the orientation of the c-axis of the larger Sn grains in the solder joint with respect to the applied current direction. When the c-axis is not closely aligned with the current direction, cavitation at solder-IMC interface leads to electrical failure. A more rapid failure mode occurred when the c-axis was closely aligned with the current direction. With this alignment the interfacial IMC structures were swept away by rapid diffusive processes from the pad surface and the pad material was quickly consumed. Interfacial void formation leads to rapid failure in this mode. The Sn-Ag solder appeared to demonstrate greater microstructural stability. But, clearly the best EM performance was seen with the addition of significant levels of Cu to the Sn-Ag alloy. This alloy modification showed the best EM lifetime in combination with a Ni pad structure.
Advanced MR Imaging of Gliomas: An Update (2013)

Recent advances in the treatment of cerebral gliomas have increased the demands on noninvasive neuroimaging for the diagnosis, therapeutic planning, tumor monitoring, and patient outcome prediction. In the meantime, improved magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have shown much potentials in evaluating the key pathological features of the gliomas, including cellularity, invasiveness, mitotic activity, angiogenesis, and necrosis, hence, further shedding light on glioma grading before treatment. In this paper, an update of advanced MR imaging techniques is reviewed, and their potential roles as biomarkers of tumor grading are discussed.
Exploration of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Nanofilm Technology for Straightforward Bio‐Active Coating Deposition: Enzymes, Plasmas and Polymers, an Elegant Synergy (2011)

Abstract While protein or enzyme immobilization methodologies are readily applicable in a majority of industrial processes, some lacunas still remain. For example, the multi‐step, wet‐chemical nature of current immobilization reactions limits straightforward bio‐film fabrication in continuous production units. As such, a fast and preferably single step immobilization technique, minimizing solvent use and decoupling deposition substrate from used method is awaited. In this research, an atmospheric pressure plasma reaction environment is chosen for its flexibility in terms of reactivity and the ease of coating depositions on a wide variety of substrates. Organic coating precursors such as acetylene or pyrrole are injected simultaneously with an atomized enzyme solution directly in the discharge. By atomizing the enzyme solution, the enzyme molecules are surrounded by a watery shell. It is envisioned that such droplet act as “shuttles”, delivering the enzymes to the discharge while protecting them from the harsh plasma conditions. In the discharge, polymerization of the added organic coating precursor takes place and consequently, the enzyme molecules become trapped in the growing polymer network. In addition, atomization of the protein solution favors the spatial distribution of the proteins in the coating. Several enzymes are evaluated and enhanced temperature and solvent stability is observed. Moreover, single molecule fluorescence, enzyme activity and bio‐recognition experiments demonstrate protein integrity after plasma assisted immobilization. magnified image
Impaired Distal Airway Development in Mice Lacking Elastin (2000)

Elastin is a major component of the mammalian lung, predominantly found in the alveoli. Destruction of alveolar elastic fibers is implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of emphysema in adults. These data define a role for elastin in the structure and function of the mature lung, and suggest that elastin is important for alveogenesis. To investigate the role of elastin in lung development, we examined mice lacking elastin (Eln-/-). At birth, the distal air sacs of Eln-/- lungs dilate to form abnormally large cavities. This phenotype appears before the synthesis and deposition of alveolar elastin, a process mediated by myofibroblasts and initiated after postnatal Day 4. Morphometric analyses demonstrate that the perinatal development of terminal airway branches is arrested in Eln-/- mice. The branching defect is accompanied by fewer distal air sacs that are dilated with attenuated tissue septae, a condition reminiscent of emphysema. Elastin expression in the lung parenchyma before alveogenesis is localized to the mesenchyme surrounding the developing airways, supporting a role for elastin in airway branching. Thus, in addition to its role in the structure and function of the mature lung, elastin is essential for pulmonary development and is important for terminal airway branching.
Comparative secretome analysis of human follicular dermal papilla cells and fibroblasts using shotgun proteomics (2012)

The dermal papilla cells (DPCs) of hair follicles are known to secrete paracrine factors for follicular cells. Shotgun proteomic analysis was performed to compare the expression profiles of the secretomes of human DPCs and dermal fibroblasts (DFs). In this study, the proteins secreted by DPCs and matched DFs were analyzed by 1DE/LTQ FTICR MS/MS, semi-quantitatively determined using emPAI mole percent values and then characterized using protein interaction network analysis. Among the 1,271 and 1,188 proteins identified in DFs and DPCs, respectively, 1,529 were further analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. We identified 28 DPC-specific extracellular matrix proteins including transporters (ECM1, A2M), enzymes (LOX, PON2), and peptidases (C3, C1R). The biochemically- validated DPC-specific proteins included thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), an insulin-like growth factor binding protein3 (IGFBP3), and, of particular interest, an integrin beta1 subunit (ITGB1) as a key network core protein. Using the shotgun proteomic technique and network analysis, we selected ITGB1, IGFBP3, and THBS1 as being possible hair-growth modulating protein biomarkers.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: OFDM Systems Orthogonality Conditions Efficient Implementation of OFDM Systems Non-critically Sampled Filter Banks Examples of OFDM Systems Equalization of OFDM Systems Synchronization of OFDM Systems Passband OFDM Systems DWMT Modulation Bibliography
Growth hormone response to TRH in male broiler chickens selected for body weight gain or food conversion and reared at either a moderate or a high ambient temperature (1992)

The aim of the present experiment was to study the growth hormone (GH) response upon thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) challenge (2 micrograms/kg body weight) in broiler chickens selected for body weight gain (GL line: fat line) or for feed efficiency (FC line: lean line) reared at either a moderate (33-23 degrees C) or high (33 degrees C) ambient temperature. A higher plasma GH level at 5 min after TRH administration was observed in the high temperature conditioned chickens of both lines. Also at high ambient temperature, an enhanced GH decrease between 15 min and 30 min post-injection and a higher acute elimination rate was calculated compared to moderate ambient temperature. A significantly higher GH secretory response was observed in the leaner FC line chickens, which was probably related to the more pronounced pulsatory GH secretion rate in these chickens. There was no difference in GH acute elimination rate between both lines in both environments. No interactions between line and rearing temperature for these parameters of GH dynamics were observed.
Self-protecting solid-state optical limiter (1986)

Recently several types of optical limiter, devices that have high transmission at low power (fluence, irradiance) and low transmission at high power (fluence, irradiance), have been described.1,4 These have used self-focusing in Kerr liquids,1 two-photon absorption in liquid crystals,2 linear plus excited-state absorption in Si,3 and a combination of two-photon absorption and the associated self-defocusing in semiconductors.4
Fibronectin and Toxic Shock Syndrome (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Weissberg and Dodson<sup>1</sup>summarize interesting clinical observations on the possible relationship between recurrent vaginal and cervical ulcers and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in a recent article in<i>JAMA</i>. The authors summarize previous reports back to 1977, ie, the year before the first clinical report on staphylococcal TSS.<sup>2</sup>In 1978, Kuusela reported that<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>strains show binding of a specific serum and connective tissue protein— fibronectin (cold insoluble globulin)— to their surface. We now report on the possible role of fibronectin exposed in vaginal ulcers in association with tampon use, permitting<i>S aureus</i>to colonize these ulcers. The initial step of many mucosal infections involves binding of pathogens to specific mucosal cell surface receptors. Uropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>colonize the upper urinary tract by specific hairlike proteins (pili or fimbriae) that recognize specific glycosphingolipid cell surface receptors while<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>were reported to recognize other glycolipid
Network endpoint congestion management (2023)

A congestion management protocol that can be used for small messages in which the last-hop switch determines the congestion of the end point. The last-hop switch drops messages when the end point is congested and schedules a retransmission. A second congestion management protocol transmits small messages in a speculative mode to avoid the overhead caused by reservation handshakes.
A Trusted Hybrid Learning Approach to Secure Edge Computing (2021)

Securing edge computing has drawn much attention due to the vital role of edge computing in Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been adopted to protect networks against attackers targeting the connected edge devices or the wireless channel. However, the proposed detection mechanisms could generate a high false detection rate, especially against unknown attacks defined as zero-day threats. Thereby, we propose and conceive a new hybrid learning security framework that combines the expertise of security experts and the strength of machine learning to protect the edge computing network from known and unknown attacks, while minimizing the false detection rate. Moreover, to further decrease the number of false detections, a cyber security mechanism based on a Stackelberg game is used by the hybrid learning security engine (activated at each edge server) to assess the detection decisions provided by the neighboring security engines.
Miniaturization of a Wireless Sensor Node by Means of 3D Interconnects (2010)

This work presents an advanced sensor node for direct tire pressure monitoring with an overall size below 1 cm3, where the applied components are arranged in a 3D integrated stack for high compactness, improved thermal behavior, and enhanced robustness for pressure, inertia, and temperature sensing. The utilized through silicon via (TSV) technology is introduced and the wide range of resulting issues for the design of a sensor node are considered. In particular, the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of TSVs are investigated in detail focusing on their electrical efficiency. Finally an optimized TSV design is presented, which allows the connection of a Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonator with an impedance of 2 kΩ at 2.1 GHz. Thus, all required types of interconnections within the sensor node can be realized by means of the TSV technology.
Cognitive Cellular Systems within the TV Spectrum (2010)

We propose a network architecture that enables spectrum sharing between a primary TV broadcast system and a secondary cellular broadband system. To compensate for the interference caused by overlay transmissions, the cognitive cellular base station cooperates with the TV system. We base our encoding approach on prior theoretical results and demonstrate how the cognition can be enabled in the TV spectrum. We show the performance gains of the proposed overlay approach for both the downlink and uplink of the cellular system. While the proposed approach requires that a cellular base station spends a part of its power to cooperate with the TV system, at the same time, it opens up frequency bands with favorable propagation properties, otherwise unavailable to cellular systems. This approach can thus bring benefits to both cellular and TV network operators in terms of performance and increased capacity.
Superconducting properties of evaporated copper molybdenum sulfide films (1978)

Films of copper molybdenum sulfide were produced by coevaporation. Those that were superconducting contained only the ternary compound and free molybdenum. The range of copper content in the ternary compound was as large as that in polycrystalline material, that is, it includes either phase alone, or a mixture of the two phases of this material. This is in contrast with sputtered materials where copper concentration has been limited to a narrower range. The upper critical field and the critical current were measured as functions of external magnetic field, and found to be similar to those of sputtered copper molybdenum sulfide, when the comparison was made for samples having the same amount of copper.
Figure S3 from Immune Checkpoint Blockade, Immunogenic Chemotherapy or IFN-α Blockade Boost the Local and Abscopal Effects of Oncolytic Virotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The antitumor activity of WR is independent of TLR3 signaling&lt;/p&gt;
Rational screening for cooperativity in small-molecule inducers of protein–protein associations (2023)

The hallmark of a molecular glue is its ability to induce cooperative protein-protein interactions, leading to the formation of a ternary complex, despite weaker binding towards one or both individual proteins. Notably, the extent of cooperativity distinguishes molecular glues from bifunctional compounds, a second class of inducers of protein-protein interactions. However, apart from serendipitous discovery, there have been limited rational screening strategies for the high cooperativity exhibited by molecular glues. Here, we propose a binding-based screen of DNA-barcoded compounds on a target protein in the presence and absence of a presenter protein, using the "presenter ratio", the ratio of ternary enrichment to binary enrichment, as a predictive measure of cooperativity. Through this approach, we identified a range of cooperative, noncooperative, and uncooperative compounds in a single DNA-encoded library screen with bromodomain (BRD)9 and the VHL-elongin C-elongin B (VCB) complex. Our most cooperative hit compound, <b>13-7</b> , exhibits micromolar binding affinity to BRD9 but nanomolar affinity for the ternary complex with BRD9 and VCB, with cooperativity comparable to classical molecular glues. This approach may enable the discovery of molecular glues for pre-selected proteins and thus facilitate the transition to a new paradigm of molecular therapeutics.
Discovery of a Gatekeeper Residue in the C-Terminal Tail of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase 5 (ERK5) (2020)

The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is a non-redundant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that exhibits a unique C-terminal extension which comprises distinct structural and functional properties. Here<i>,</i> we sought to elucidate the significance of phosphoacceptor sites in the C-terminal transactivation domain of ERK5. We have found that Thr<sup>732</sup> acted as a functional gatekeeper residue controlling C-terminal-mediated nuclear translocation and transcriptional enhancement. Consistently, using a non-bias quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we demonstrated that phosphorylation at Thr<sup>732</sup> conferred selectivity for binding interactions of ERK5 with proteins related to chromatin and RNA biology, whereas a number of metabolic regulators were associated with full-length wild type ERK5. Additionally, our proteomic analysis revealed that phosphorylation of the Ser<sup>730</sup>-Glu-Thr<sup>732</sup>-Pro motif could occur independently of dual phosphorylation at Thr<sup>218</sup>-Glu-Tyr<sup>220</sup> in the activation loop. Collectively, our results firmly establish the significance of C-terminal phosphorylation in regulating ERK5 function. The post-translational modification of ERK5 on its C-terminal tail might be of particular relevance in cancer cells where ERK5 has be found to be hyperphosphoryated.
Pancreatic Ribonuclease: Enzymic and Physiological Properties of a Cross-Linked Dimer (1974)

Monomeric ribonuclease A has very low activity toward typically double-stranded RNA's; the dimeric form of ribonuclease A obtained by cross linking the enzyme by dimethyl suberimidate has more than 78 times the activity of the monomer toward polyadenylate . polyuridylate and 440 times the activity of the monomer toward the double-stranded RNA of a virus from Penicillium chrysogenum. The half-life of the dimer in the bloodstream of the rat is 12 times that of the mononmer.
Entry to and exit from diapause arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans are both regulated by a steroid hormone pathway (2021)

Abstract Diapause arrest in animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans is tightly regulated so that animals make appropriate developmental decisions amidst environmental challenges. Fully understanding diapause requires mechanistic insight of both entry and exit from the arrested state. While a steroid hormone pathway regulates the entry decision into Caenorhabditis elegans dauer diapause, its role in the exit decision is less clear. A complication to understanding steroid hormonal regulation of dauer has been the peculiar fact that steroid hormone mutants such as daf-9 form partial dauers under normal growth conditions. Here, we corroborate previous findings that daf-9 mutants remain capable of forming full dauers under unfavorable growth conditions, and we establish that the daf-9 partial dauer state is likely a partially exited dauer that has initiated but cannot complete the dauer exit decision. We show that the steroid hormone pathway is both necessary for and promotes complete dauer exit, and that the spatiotemporal dynamics of steroid hormone regulation during dauer exit resembles that of dauer entry. Overall, dauer entry and dauer exit are distinct developmental decisions that are both controlled by steroid hormone signaling. Summary Statement In animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans , a steroid hormone pathway controls both the entry and exit decisions into and out of the developmentally arrested dauer state in response to environmental signaling.