gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt texturing of composite tapes in low (1998)

The tubular wire process has been employed to fabricate composite tapes. Tapes have been zone melt textured while maintaining the structural integrity of the tape. Speeds comparable to those used for texturing uncladded Y123 have proven unsuccessful in maintaining a stable growth front. Modelling has been used to explore possible causes for this difference. Reduced rare-earth ion solubility in the melt is the likely cause for the lower processing speeds.
Stereo Vision Based Pedestrians Detection and Distance Measurement for Automotive Application (2011)

This paper presents a compact and robust solution to use stereo vision to detect pedestrians as well as measure their instantaneous distances from the vehicle. This simplifies sensor requirements as the same video information (captured from two cameras) is used for detection of pedestrians as well as measurement of their corresponding distances. To apply stereo vision technique a novel approach has been made to locate identical points on human so that triangulation can be used for measuring distances. In addition to this, the paper also presents a novel technique used to make the pedestrian detection algorithm (based on well know Viola-Jones methodology) more robust by using tracking and assistive decision making (i.e. one camera helps other to eliminate noise). The proposed system is tested on standard x86 machine and gives good real time performance.
Platinum(ii) and palladium(ii) complexes with methyl 3,4-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-α-l-lyxo-hexopyranoside (2003)

To develop new complexes of Pt(II) and Pd(II) that have ligands in a shape complementary to DNA, we designed and synthesized a methyl 3,4-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside (V). This synthetic ligand imitates the shape of daunosamine, a DNA minor groove binding sugar moiety present in the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotics doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Ligand V, was used to form the Pt(II) and Pd(II) chloride complexes [MCl2(V)] 1, 2, 3, and 4, which have potential antitumor properties. We characterized these complexes by X-ray diffraction and in solution by 1H-, 13C-, 15N- and 195Pt-NMR. Both Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes seem to be isostructural, as shown by X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling. The complexes formed dimers in the crystal lattice with short M–M and Cl⋯N(H) hydrogen bonds. Detailed dynamic NMR studies in CD2Cl2 and CD3CN solutions confirm the monomeric structure in both solvents as well as solvation around the metal and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of NH in CD3CN.
Metamaterials, Plasmonics, and Nanofluidics for Ultrasensitive Spectroscopy and Bio-detection (2011)

We will present on-chip integrated plasmonic and metamaterial systems for ultrasensitive spectroscopy and biodetection. We will also introduce opto-fluidic systems for targeted analyte delivery as well as for optical trapping and manipulation.
Combined elasticity and 3D imaging of the prostate (2005)

A method is described for repeatably assessing elasticity and 3D extent of suspected prostate cancers. Elasticity is measured by controlled water inflation of a sheath placed over a modified transrectal ultrasound transducer. The benefit of using fluid inflation is that it should be possible to make repeatable, accurate, measurements of elasticity that are of interest in the serial assessment of prostate cancer progression or remission. The second aspect of the work uses auxiliary tracking arrays placed at each end of the central imaging array that allow the transducer to be rotated while simultaneously collected 'tracking' information thus allowing the position of successive image planes to be located with approximately 11% volumetric accuracy in 3D space. In this way, we present a technique for quantifying volumetric extent of suspected cancer in addition to making measures of elastic anomalies.
Robust recognition of cellular telephone speech by adaptive vector quantization (2002)

The performance degradation as a result of acoustical environment mismatch remains an important practical problem in speech recognition. The problem carries a greater significance in applications over telecommunication channels, especially with the wider use of personal communications systems such as cellular phones which invariably present challenging acoustical conditions. In this work, we introduce a vector quantization (VQ) based compensation technique which both makes use of a priori information about likely acoustical environments and adapts to the test environment to improve recognition. The technique is progressive and requires neither simultaneously recorded speech from the training and the testing environments nor EM-type batch iterations. Instead of using simultaneously recorded data, the integrity of the updated VQ codebooks with respect to acoustical classes is maintained by endowing the codebooks with a topology and using transformations which preserve the topology of the reference environment. We report results on the McCaw Cellular Corpus where the technique decreases the word error for continuous ten digit recognition of cellular hands free microphone speech with land line trained models from 23.8% to 13.6% and the speaker dependent voice calling sentence error from 16.5% to 10.6%.
Identification and localization of extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor in rat intestine (1998)

The extracellular calcium (Ca2+o)-sensing receptor (CaR) plays vital roles in Ca2+o homeostasis, but no data are available on its expression in small and large intestine. Polymerase chain reaction products amplified from reverse-transcribed duodenal RNA using CaR-specific primers showed > 99% homology with the rat kidney CaR. Northern analysis with a CaR-specific cRNA probe demonstrated 4.1- and 7.5-kb transcripts in all intestinal segments. Immunohistochemistry with CaR-specific antisera showed clear basal staining of epithelial cells of small intestinal villi and crypts and modest apical staining of the former, whereas there was both basal and apical staining of colonic crypt epithelial cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry also demonstrated CaR expression in Auerbach's myenteric plexus of small and large intestines and in the submucosa in the region of Meissner's plexus. Our results reveal CaR expression in several cell types of small and large intestine, in which it may modulate absorptive and/or secretomotor functions.
Thermally emissive sensing materials for chemical spectroscopy analysis (2023)

A sensor using thermally emissive materials for chemical spectroscopy analysis includes an emissive material, wherein the emissive material includes the thermally emissive materials which emit electromagnetic radiation, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is modified due to chemical composition in an environment; and a detector adapted to detect the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is indicative of the chemical interaction changes and hence chemical composition and/or chemical composition changes of the environment. The emissive material can be utilized with an optical fiber sensor, with the optical fiber sensor operating without the emissive material probed with a light source external to the material.
Current state of the art in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (2022)

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart condition in which a neonate is born with an underdeveloped left ventricle and associated structures. Without palliative interventions, HLHS is fatal. Treatment typically includes medical management at the time of birth to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus, followed by three palliative procedures: most commonly the Norwood procedure, bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, and Fontan procedures. With recent advances in surgical management of HLHS patients, high survival rates are now obtained at tertiary treatment centers, though adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remain a clinical challenge. While surgical management remains the standard of care for HLHS patients, innovative treatment strategies continue to be developing. Important for the development of new strategies for HLHS patients is an understanding of the genetic basis of this condition. Another investigational strategy being developed for HLHS patients is the injection of stem cells within the myocardium of the right ventricle. Recent innovations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine promise to provide important tools to both understand the underlying basis of HLHS as well as provide new therapeutic strategies. In this review article, we provide an overview of HLHS, starting with a historical description and progressing through a discussion of the genetics, surgical management, post-surgical outcomes, stem cell therapy, hemodynamics and tissue engineering approaches.
Antigen-Induced T Cell Death Is Regulated by CD4 Expression (2001)

Activation induced cell death (AICD) is a major physiologic pathway that regulates T cell homeostasis. In CD4 T cells, AICD is mediated mainly through Fas/FasL interactions. Although TCR occupancy triggers AICD, the contribution of its tightly associated CD4 coreceptor to the process that leads to AICD is not known. Here we show that CD4 molecule plays an essential regulatory role of TCR dependent AICD. Loss of CD4 rendered activated 5kc T cell hybridoma resistant to AICD. The resistance of CD4 negative 5kc T cells to AICD was due to selective inhibition of FasL expression and it could be reversed by addition of recombinant FasL. Furthermore, a direct functional link between CD4 and FasL was demonstrated by induction of FasL upon CD4 crosslinking in a TCR independent fashion. The importance of CD4 interaction with MHC/peptide complex in mediating AICD was also evident in normal T cells that could survive chronic stimulation with anti-CD3 but died after short period of proliferation after stimulation with MHC/peptide. Thus it appears that AICD is controlled by the CD4 molecule via regulation of FasL expression. These findings have important implications for our understanding of mechanisms of peripheral tolerance as well as pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
Pattern Excitation-Based Processing: The Music of The Brain (2003)

An approach to information processing based on the excitation of patterns of activity by non-linear active resonators in response to their input patterns is proposed. Arguments are presented to show that any computation performed by a conventional Turing machine-based computer, called T-machine in this paper, could also be performed by the pattern excitation-based machine, which will be called P-machine. A realization of this processing scheme by neural networks is discussed. In this realization, the role of the resonators is played by neural pattern excitation networks, which are the neural circuits capable of exciting different spatio-temporal patterns of activity in response to different inputs. Learning in the neural pattern excitation networks is also considered. It is shown that there is a duality between pattern excitation and pattern recognition neural networks, which allows to create new pattern excitation modes corresponding to recognizable input patterns, based on Hebbian learning rules. Hierarchically organized, such networks can produce complex behavior. Animal behavior, human language and thought are treated as examples produced by such networks.
Using the wisdom of the crowds to find critical errors in biomedical ontologies: a study of SNOMED CT (2014)

We have demonstrated that the crowd can address the challenges of scalable ontology verification, completing not only intuitive, common-sense tasks, but also expert-level, knowledge-intensive tasks.
Remote Channel Inference for Beamforming in Ultra-Dense Hyper-Cellular Network (2017)

In this paper, we propose a learning-based low-overhead channel estimation method for coordinated beamforming in ultra-dense networks. We first show through simulation that the channel state information (CSI) of geographically separated base stations (BSs) exhibits strong non-linear correlations in terms of mutual information. This finding enables us to adopt a novel learning-based approach to remotely infer the quality of different beamforming patterns at a dense-layer BS based on the CSI of an umbrella control-layer BS. The proposed scheme can reduce channel acquisition overhead by replacing pilot-aided channel estimation with the online inference from an artificial neural network, which is fitted offline. Moreover, we propose to use more anchor points and more candidate beam patterns to obtain better performance. Simulation results based on stochastic ray-tracing channel models show that the proposed scheme can reach an accuracy of 99.74\% in settings with 20 beamforming patterns.
Streptomyces with antifungal activity against rice blast causing fungus, Magnaporthe grisea (2002)

Screening tests against fungus causing rice blast, Magnaporthe grisea, were performed in order to develop biopesticides. More than 400 actinomycetes collected at several sites near Hanla Mountain on Jeju Island, Korea were tested, and strain BG2-53 showed potent antifungal activity. The in vivo screening was performed with fermentation broth, and the strain taxon was identified.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis and Algorithms for PDX and CDX Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differences in fold change between primary tumour and CDXF1 before and after processing using Xenome.&lt;/p&gt;
The Effect of Uniaxial Stretch on the Tensile Properties and Collagen Content of Tissue-Engineered Ligaments (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Tissue-engineered ligaments (TELs) made from autologous cells may become a viable alternative to the currently available autograft and cadaveric allograft ligament reconstruction options. TELs may mitigate the problems stemming from donor site morbidity with the use of autografts and immune rejection with the use of cadaveric allografts. Among the first steps in realizing this goal, is to increase the tensile strength of TEL to the point that they can withstand the loads experienced in vivo. It is well-documented that both chemical stimuli and mechanical stimuli play a role in the strengthening and development of ligament in vivo, yet the optimum parameters of mechanical stimulus remain unknown. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum uniaxial stretch parameters for stimulating collagen synthesis and increasing ultimate tensile stress in tissue-engineered ligaments. METHODS: Chick tendon fibroblasts were embedded at a concentration of 100K cells/mL in a fibrin gel and grown for 7 days. At day 7, the TELs were subjected to 2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, or 15% amplitude uniaxial stretch at a frequency of 0.5Hz continuously or intermittently for 10 minutes of stretch followed by 6 hours of rest. At day 12, the TELs were subjected to ultimate tensile testing. The collagen content of tensile-tested TELs was determined using a hydroxyproline assay. RESULTS: Following 5d of 0.5Hz 2.5% uniaxial stretch treatment, ultimate tensile stress increased by 70.25% in the intermittently stretched group relative to the control group and 11.2% in the chronically stretched group relative to the control group. Ultimate tensile stress did not increase in the 5%, 10%, and 15% amplitude stretch groups relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that 2.5% uniaxial intermittent stretch increases the tensile strength of tissue-engineered ligaments. This uniaxial stretch protocol may well represent a component of a TEL strengthening regimen necessary for the successful implantation of TELs. Continuation of this work will enable us to test additional mechanical stimuli and the effects of combined mechanical and chemical stimulation on TEL strengthening.
An analysis of private browsing modes in modern browsers (2010)

We study the security and privacy of private browsing modes recently added to all major browsers. We first pro-pose a clean definition of the goals of private browsing and survey its implementation in different browsers. We conduct a measurement study to determine how often it is used and on what categories of sites. Our results suggest that private browsing is used differently from how it is marketed. We then describe an automated technique for testing the security of private browsing modes and report on a few weaknesses found in the Firefox browser. Fi-nally, we show that many popular browser extensions and plugins undermine the security of private browsing. We propose and experiment with a workable policy that lets users safely run extensions in private browsing mode. 1
Evaluating programmable architectures for imaging and vision applications (2016)

Algorithms for computational imaging and computer vision are rapidly evolving, and hardware must follow suit: the next generation of image signal processors (ISPs) must be “programmable” to support new algorithms created with high-level frameworks. In this work, we compare flexible ISP architectures, using applications written in the Darkroom image processing language. We target two fundamental architecture classes: programmable in time, as represented by SIMD, and programmable in space, as typified by coarse grain reconfigurable array architectures (CGRA). We consider several optimizations on these two base architectures, such as register file partitioning for SIMD, bus based routing and pipelined wires for CGRA, and line buffer variations. After these optimizations on average, CGRA provides 1.6x better energy efficiency and 1.4x better compute density versus a SIMD solution, and 1.4x the energy efficiency and 3.1x the compute density of an FPGA. However the cost of providing general programmability is still high: compared to an ASIC, CGRA has 6x worse energy and area efficiency, and this ratio would be roughly 10x if memory dominated applications were excluded.
Computing the loss differentiation parameters of the proportional differentiation service model (2006)

The proportional differentiation service model has emerged as a refined version of the DiffServ qualify of service (QoS) architecture. It relies on a series of parameters to enforce proportionally differentiated QoS criteria, such as queueing delay and packet loss. From the perspective of proportional loss differentiation, a large amount of work has been done on carrying out loss differentiation based on given parameters. Under certain network conditions, however, the loss differentiation cannot be met based on these hand picked parameters. While existing work focuses on enhancing dropping mechanisms themselves to honour the loss differentiation, the paper looks into calculating feasible differentiation parameters. By forming an optimisation problem based on multiple class blocking thresholds, the paper introduces a simple quantitative guideline to compute loss differentiation parameters. Derived closely related to network statuses and packet dropping mechanisms, these parameters ease the difficulty that dropping mechanisms may encounter when enforcing packet loss differentiation. Its finite computation time, moreover, makes practical implementation possible. Analytical and numerical results are given to substantiate the new approach and its merits.
Exploratory and correlation analysis on the impact of accessibility testing on PC software development projects (2023)

The work consists of a theoretical introduction that conceptualizes software engineering, software development, testing, escaped defects, user experience, usability and accessibility. In order to conduct a research in the area of tests focused on accessibility, an analysis of real projects was proposed. Interviews were conducted with managers of software projects that are already in the market, extraction of data from the same projects, exploratory analysis of the data, correlation tests and structuring of the results found. At the end of the research, it was observed the relevance of some data and the significance of the relationship between them. From the results obtained, it is concluded the relevance of the construction of test cases for accessibility, as well as the factors that contribute to the teams to give due attention to accessibility tests, such as team composition and external collaborations.
Observer-based inverter disturbance compensation (2009)

Most inverter disturbance compensation methods are based on open-loop inverter disturbance estimation. Because of measurement error and switching device parameter uncertainties, the inverter disturbance is not always compensated well. This paper proposes a closed-loop voltage disturbance observer and an observer-based inverter disturbance compensation method to improve the compensation. The performance and limits of the voltage disturbance observer and compensation system are analyzed in detail. Analytical and experimental results are provided to verify the performance. The results are particularly relevant when the inverter is used to inject signals for self-sensing.
Estimating Historical Radiation Doses to a Cohort of U.S. Radiologic Technologists (2006)

Data have been collected and physical and statistical models have been constructed to estimate unknown occupational radiation doses among 90,000 members of the U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort who responded to a baseline questionnaire during the mid-1980s. Since the availability of radiation dose data differed by calendar period, different models were developed and applied for years worked before 1960, 1960- 1976 and 1977-1984. The dose estimation used available film-badge measurements (approximately 350,000) for individual cohort members, information provided by the technologists on their work history and protection practices, and measurement and other data derived from the literature. The dosimetry model estimates annual and cumulative occupational badge doses (personal dose equivalent) for each technologist for each year worked from 1916 through 1984 as well as absorbed doses to organs and tissues including bone marrow, female breast, thyroid, ovary, testes, lung and skin. Assumptions have been made about critical variables including average energy of X rays, use of protective aprons, position of film badges, and minimum detectable doses. Uncertainty of badge and organ doses was characterized for each year of each technologist's working career. Monte Carlo methods were used to generate estimates of cumulative organ doses for preliminary cancer risk analyses. The models and predictions presented here, while continuing to be modified and improved, represent one of the most comprehensive dose reconstructions undertaken to date for a large cohort of medical radiation workers.
Optimal Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks with Near-Arbitrary Holes and Traffic (2008)

We consider the problem of throughput-optimal routing over large-scale wireless ad-hoc networks. Gupta and Kumar (2000) showed that a throughput capacity (a uniform rate over all source-destination pairs) of thetas( 1/radicn log n ) is achievable in random planar networks, and the capacity is achieved by straight-line routes. In reality, both the network model and the traffic demands are likely to be highly non-uniform. In this paper, we first propose a randomized forwarding strategy based on geographic routing that achieves near-optimal throughput over random planar networks with an arbitrary number of routing holes (regions devoid of nodes) of varying sizes. Next, we study a random planar network with arbitrary source-destination pairs with arbitrary traffic demands. For such networks, we demonstrate a randomized local load-balancing algorithm that supports any traffic load that is within a poly-logarithmic factor of the throughput region. Our algorithms are based on geographic routing and hence inherit their advantageous properties of low- complexity, robustness and stability.