gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electro-Optic Ripple-Carry Adder in Integrated Silicon Photonics for Optical Computing (2018)

Photonic integrated circuits with compact size and low power consumption have opened the possibility of realization of ultrahigh-speed and energy-efficient optical computing in an integrated system that may be comparable to CMOS-based electrical integrated circuits in many aspects. Directed logic is an innovative paradigm that can make full use of the advantages of electronics and photonics for optical computing. In this paper, we propose various designs of directed-logic-based electro-optic ripple-carry adders in integrated silicon photonics, which replace the electrical components in the critical path using optical counterparts. All control signals are applied simultaneously through ultralow-power microdisk modulators so that the propagation delay could be reduced significantly. A two-bit thermal-optic full adder based on microdisk modulators is demonstrated as a proof of concept along with a projection of high-speed performance. The proposed electro-optic full adder paves the way to future low-power-consumption and large-bandwidth optical computing in integrated silicon photonics.
The Second Ten Years of the JDSM&C (1990)

Technical Forum The Second Ten Years of the JDSM&C Masayoshi Tomizuka Masayoshi Tomizuka Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. Dec 1990, 112(4): 527-529 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2896178 Published Online: December 1, 1990 Article history Online: March 17, 2008
Robust Clustering Using Outlier-Sparsity Regularization (2012)

Notwithstanding the popularity of conventional clustering algorithms such as K-means and probabilistic clustering, their clustering results are sensitive to the presence of outliers in the data. Even a few outliers can compromise the ability of these algorithms to identify meaningful hidden structures rendering their outcome unreliable. This paper develops robust clustering algorithms that not only aim to cluster the data, but also to identify the outliers. The novel approaches rely on the infrequent presence of outliers in the data, which translates to sparsity in a judiciously chosen domain. Leveraging sparsity in the outlier domain, outlier-aware robust K-means and probabilistic clustering approaches are proposed. Their novelty lies on identifying outliers while effecting sparsity in the outlier domain through carefully chosen regularization. A block coordinate descent approach is developed to obtain iterative algorithms with convergence guarantees and small excess computational complexity with respect to their non-robust counterparts. Kernelized versions of the robust clustering algorithms are also developed to efficiently handle high-dimensional data, identify nonlinearly separable clusters, or even cluster objects that are not represented by vectors. Numerical tests on both synthetic and real datasets validate the performance and applicability of the novel algorithms.
Intrinsic aberration coefficients for plane-symmetric optical systems consisting of spherical surfaces (2022)

This paper presents the analytical form of the intrinsic aberration coefficients for spherical plane-symmetric optical systems expressed as a function of first-order system parameters and the paraxial chief and marginal ray angles and heights. The derived aberration coefficients are in the third and fourth groups with the multiplication of two or three vector products of pupil and field vectors.
Studies on on‐line bioreactor identification. I. Theory (1984)

An integrated approach is presented for the on-line estimation of the state of a biochemical reactor from presently attainable real-time measurements. Elemental and macroscopic balances are used for the determination of the total rate of growth and state-of-the-art estimation techniques are subsequently employed for the elimination of process and measurement noises and the estimation of state variables and unknown culture parameters. The proposed approach is very flexible in that as new sensors become available they can be easily incorporated within the present framework to estimate new variables or improve the accuray of the old ones. The method does not require any model for the growth kinetics and is very successful in accurately estimating the above variables in the presence of intense noise and under both steady-state and transient conditions. State estimates obtained by the presented method can be used for the development of adaptive optimal control schemes as well as for basic studies of the characteristic properties of microbial cultures.
Review of Exploration Systems Development (ESD) Integrated Hazard Development Process (2015)

The Chief Engineer of the Exploration Systems Development (ESD) Office requested that the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) perform an independent assessment of the ESD's integrated hazard development process. The focus of the assessment was to review the integrated hazard analysis (IHA) process and identify any gaps/improvements in the process (e.g., missed causes, cause tree completeness, missed hazards). This document contains the outcome of the NESC assessment.
Impact of frequent hemodialysis on anemia management: results from the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Trials (2013)

In the FHN Daily and Nocturnal Trials, more frequent HD did not have a significant or clinically important effect on anemia management.
Chemometrics-Based Analytical Method Using FTIR Spectroscopic Data To Predict Diesel and Diesel/Diesel Blend Properties (2016)

In the hydrocarbons downstream business, it is very beneficial to quickly and reliably determine the physical and/or chemical properties of fuels. In this context, a nondestructive method was applied using midband Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in association with multivariate partial least squares (PLS) chemometrics to determine the properties of nine groups of middle distillates (diesels) boiling in the range 180–370 °C. This method enables identification of one single diesel property at a time or a group of properties (32 properties) simultaneously in the spectral data between 4000–650 cm–1; with a minimum number of steps and without any sample preparation. The method was further used for two blends prepared from individual diesel samples. The results showed that using PLS models to process FTIR data is a practical analytical method to predict diesel fuel properties. Statistically, the results obtained showed low standard deviations, a very low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), low uncertainty values, less than 10 factors, but high correlation coefficient, R2, and performance index (PI) values.
Polymer space-charge-limited transistor as a solid-state vacuum tube triode (2010)

We report the construction of a polymer space-charge-limited transistor (SCLT), a solid-state version of vacuum tube triode. The SCLT achieves a high on/off ratio of 3×105 at a low operation voltage of 1.5 V by using high quality insulators both above and below the grid base electrode. Applying a greater bias to the base increases the barrier potential, and turns off the channel current, without introducing a large parasitic leakage current. Simulation result verifies the influence of base bias on channel potential distribution. The output current density is 1.7 mA/cm2 with current gain greater than 1000.
Phage Display Library Derived Peptides that Bind to Human Tumor Melanin as Potential Vehicles for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma (2007)

Metastatic melanoma remains an incurable disease, and there is a great need for novel therapeutic modalities. We have recently identified melanin as a target for radionuclide therapy of melanoma and demonstrated the feasibility of this approach using a 188-rhenium ( (188)Re)-radiolabeled melanin-binding decapeptide to fungal melanin known as 4B4. Although the results indicated that radiolabeled melanin-binding decapeptide had activity against melanoma, that peptide also manifested high kidney uptake and this might become a concern during clinical trials. We hypothesized that by identifying peptides with different amino acid composition against tumor melanin we might be able to decrease their kidney uptake. Using the Heptapeptide Ph.D.-7 Phage Display Library, we identified three heptapeptides that bind to human tumor melanin. These peptides were radiolabeled with (188)Re via HYNIC ligand, and their comprehensive biodistribution in A2058 human metastatic melanoma tumor-bearing nude mice was compared to that of (188)Re-4B4 decapeptide. While tumor uptake of heptapeptides was quite similar to that of (188)Re-4B4 decapeptide, there was dramatically less uptake in the kidneys at both 3 h (6% ID/g vs 38%) and 24 h (2% ID/g vs 15%) postinjection. Administration of one of the generated heptapeptides, (188)Re-HYNIC-AsnProAsnTrpGlyProArg, to A2058 human metastatic melanoma-bearing nude mice resulted in significant retardation of the tumor growth. Immunofluorescence showed that in spite of their relatively small size heptapeptides were not able to penetrate through the membranes of viable melanoma cells and bound only to extracellular melanin, which provides assurance that they will be safe to healthy melanin-containing tissues during radionuclide therapy. Thus, these heptapeptides appear to have potentially significant advantages for targeted therapy of melanoma relative to existing melanin-binding peptides.
Xanthates and Vinyl Esters, a Remarkably Powerful Alliance (2019)

International audience
Destabilized inheritance of pSC101 and other Escherichia coli plasmids by DpiA, a novel two‐component system regulator (1998)

We identified a gene (dpiA, Destabilizer of Plasmid Inheritance) which, when overexpressed in Escherichia coli, destabilizes the inheritance of pSC101 and other iteron-containing plasmids as disparate as mini-F and RK6 but not the inheritance of P1, RSF1010 and ColD. These effects of DpiA, which functions like an effector protein for a previously undescribed two-component signal transduction system, were reduced by mutations known to promote pSC101 replication and partitioning. dpiB, a gene encoding the putative histidine kinase of this two-component system, is located immediately 5' to dpiA and adjacent to a DpiA-induced target promoter that transcribes genes having homology to citrate lyase operon genes, citC, citD and citE, of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disruption of dpiB reversed or reduced the effect of DpiA overproduction on pSC101 inheritance. A second DpiA target, the promoter for a gene (appY) implicated in E. coli's response to anaerobiosis, is repressed by DpiA. A mutation in dpiA at a site commonly conserved and phosphorylated in two-component system effector proteins abolished the effects of DpiA overproduction on pSC101 inheritance and negative regulation of appY expression. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism by which environment and/or cellular stimuli may influence plasmid inheritance.
Strong Converse Magnetoelectric Effect in a Composite of Weakly Ferromagnetic Iron Borate and Ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate (2020)

This report is on a model and experiment on the nature of mechanical-strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect in a composite of single-crystal iron borate, a canted antiferromagnet with a weak ferromagnetic moment, and ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The piezoelectric strain generated in PZT by an electric field E manifested as a shift in the quasiferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field in iron borate due to strong magnetoelastic interactions. The CME interaction strength determined from data on field shift in FMR versus E is 46--54 MHz cm/kV at 5.5--6.5 GHz. The strength of the CME is comparable to values reported for composites of ferrimagnetic oxides and PZT. A model that considers the effect of piezoelectric deformation on magnetic order parameters and magnetic resonance in iron borate is proposed for the CMEs in the composite and estimated ME coupling coefficients are in good agreement with data. The E tunability of the high-frequency AFMR mode at about 300 GHz is estimated to be on the order of 1.7 MHz kV/cm and is very small relative to the quasi-FMR mode. Composites of iron borate and ferroelectrics are very attractive for use in dual electric field and magnetic field tunable signal processing devices due to strong CME interactions and the need for a rather small bias magnetic field compared with traditional ferrimagnetic oxide based devices.
<title>High-resolution vibration measurements using wavelength-demultiplexed fiber Fabry-Perot sensors</title> (1999)

A fiber-optic system capable of measuring deformations, impacts and modes of vibration of a composite panel is presented. Wavelength-division signal de-multiplexing allows for the simultaneous interrogation of 8 strain sensors.
The Biologic Activity of a Potent Analogue of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Normal and Hypogonadotropic Men (1980)

We studied the biologic activity of a long-acting analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LHRH (LHRHa), in five normal men and four hypogonadotropic men previously unresponsive to natural LHRH. All subjects responded to LHRAa, but there were quantitative and qualitative differences between the normal and hypogonadotropic men. Normal men showed a linear dose-response relation, endogenous gonadal steroid secretion, and an adult pattern of gonadotropin secretion characterized by a high ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Hypogonadotropic men had improving pituitary responses to each dose of LHRHa (priming response), no demonstrable gonadal steroid secretion, and a prepubertal pattern of gonadotropin release characterized by reversal of the normal ratio of LH to FSH. When compared with native LHRH, LHRHa had an augmented ability to discharge gonadotropins acutely and to sustain their release in normal and hypogonadotropic men.
Pain and functional disability amongst adults with moderate and severe haemophilia from the Irish personalised approach to the treatment of haemophilia (iPATH) study (2022)

Haemophilic arthropathy, pain and functional disability were prevalent amongst Irish adults with moderate and severe haemophilia. Age-dependent lifestyle, analgesic and treatment influences on pain and function warrant further investigation.
Tetralone derivatives are MIF tautomerase inhibitors and attenuate macrophage activation and amplify the hypothermic response in endotoxemic mice (2021)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing crucial role in immunity. MIF exerts a unique tautomerase enzymatic activity that has relevance concerning its multiple functions and its small molecule inhibitors have been proven to block its pro-inflammatory effects. Here we demonstrate that some of the <i>E</i>-2-arylmethylene-1-tetralones and their heteroanalogues efficiently bind to MIF's active site and inhibit MIF tautomeric (enolase, ketolase activity) functions. A small set of the synthesised derivatives, namely compounds (<b>4</b>), (<b>23</b>), (<b>24</b>), (<b>26</b>) and (<b>32</b>), reduced inflammatory macrophage activation. Two of the selected compounds (<b>24</b>) and (<b>26</b>), however, markedly inhibited ROS and nitrite production, NF-κB activation, TNF-α, IL-6 and CCL-2 cytokine expression. Pre-treatment of mice with compound (<b>24</b>) exaggerated the hypothermic response to high dose of bacterial endotoxin. Our experiments suggest that tetralones and their derivatives inhibit MIF's tautomeric functions and regulate macrophage activation and thermal changes in severe forms of systemic inflammation.
GP-ILQG: Data-driven Robust Optimal Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (2017)

As we aim to control complex systems, use of a simulator in model-based reinforcement learning is becoming more common. However, it has been challenging to overcome the Reality Gap, which comes from nonlinear model bias and susceptibility to disturbance. To address these problems, we propose a novel algorithm that combines data-driven system identification approach (Gaussian Process) with a Differential-Dynamic-Programming-based robust optimal control method (Iterative Linear Quadratic Control). Our algorithm uses the simulator's model as the mean function for a Gaussian Process and learns only the difference between the simulator's prediction and actual observations, making it a natural hybrid of simulation and real-world observation. We show that our approach quickly corrects incorrect models, comes up with robust optimal controllers, and transfers its acquired model knowledge to new tasks efficiently.
Biomarkers are associated with clinical and endoscopic outcomes with vedolizumab treatment in Crohn’s disease (2020)

In all vedolizumab-treated CD patients, s-MAdCAM-1 decreased significantly and s-α4β7 increased. However, higher concentrations of s-ICAM-1 and s-VCAM-1 at week 6 and lower concentrations of s-α4β7 at week 14 differentiated patients who achieved endoscopic remission. These findings may help identify early predictors of response to vedolizumab treatment in patients with CD. Further validation in less refractory CD patients is needed.
Amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal region of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases in relation to cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation. (1983)

Studies of in vitro phosphorylation of four different gluconeogenic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase have shown that only rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is a substrate of the protein kinase. A comparison of the molecular weights of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases revealed that the nonphosphorylatable mouse liver, rabbit liver, and pig kidney enzymes have a subunit Mr approximately 37,000 while the subunit molecular weight of purified rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is about 41,000 (Hosey, M. M., and Marcus, F. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 91-94). To probe the structural basis for the higher molecular weight and unique phosphorylation of rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the CNBr fragment containing the phosphorylation site was purified and the amino acid sequence of this 43-residue peptide was determined. The sequence data revealed that the rat liver enzyme extends 24-26 residues beyond the COOH-terminal amino acid of pig kidney and rabbit liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and that cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation sites are located in this proline-rich extension. The kinetic properties of rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase do not appear to be influenced in any way, either by the COOH-terminal extension itself or by the state of phosphorylation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates from crude extract supernatants demonstrated that the rat liver enzyme is larger than other fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases studied to date, and that the differences in molecular weight are not due to proteolytic modification of other fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases during isolation procedures.
Implicit Analytical Surface/Interface Potential Solutions for Modeling Strained-Si MOSFETs (2006)

A new technique for calculating surface and interface potentials in heterostructure MOSFETs such as strained-Si/SiGe using an internal iteration approach is presented. It is based on the unified regional approach with coupled iterative potential solutions at the surface and heterostructure interface, and it has been applied to modeling strained-Si/SiGe MOSFETs charge and capacitance in all bias regions, scalable for Ge mole fraction, strained-Si and SiGe layer thicknesses and doping. The formulations are shown for a buried-channel nMOSFET, and the approach to the solutions is generic to all heterostructures, which exhibit confinement of carriers at the different interfaces
Cryopreservation of human mucosal tissues (2018)

Cryopreservation of intact cervicovaginal and colorectal tissues with dimethylsulfoxide works well in a range of assays, while the utility of vitrification is more limited. Cell yields are higher from cryopreserved intact tissue pieces than from thawed cryopreserved single cell suspensions isolated before freezing, but T cell functions are similar.
Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Human Tissue Kallikrein for Therapy of Chronic Renal Failure in Rats (2008)

The tissue kallikrein-kinin system is important in regulating cardiovascular and renal function, and dysregulation of the system has been implicated in heart and kidney pathologies. These findings suggest that if balance can be restored to the kallikrein-kinin axis, then associated disease progression may be attenuated. To test this hypothesis, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated human tissue kallikrein (HK) expression was induced in a rodent model of chronic renal failure involving 5/6 nephrectomy (nephrectomy plus 70% reduction of remaining kidney). rAAV-HK treatment attenuated the rise in blood pressure, glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial injury observed in this model. rAAV-HK treatment also attenuated renal function decline as measured by urinary microalbumin, osmolarity, and cGMP levels. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that rAAV-HK-treated rats had higher levels of bradykinin receptor-2 (B(2)R) and dopamine receptor-1 mRNAs. In contrast, angiotensin II receptor-1, endothelin receptor-A, and vasopressin receptor-2 mRNAs were markedly downregulated in kidneys from HK-treated rats. Bradykinin induced similar changes in receptor levels and prevented transforming growth factor-beta(1)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The effects of bradykinin could be reversed with the B(2)R antagonist HOE-140. Together, these findings suggest that restoration of the kallikrein-kinin system reduces kidney injury and protects renal function in 5/6-nephrectomized rats via changes in the expression and activation of G protein-coupled receptors including B(2)R.
Imatinib pharmacokinetics (PK) and its correlation with clinical response in patients with unresectable/metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (2008)

4523 Background: In the phase II study B2222, 147 pts with unresectable/metastatic GIST were randomized 1:1 to receive imatinib (IM) at 400 vs 600 mg daily. The estimated survival rate at 60 months was 47.6%. We report the PK of IM and the correlation of IM levels with clinical response. Methods: The IM plasma levels were analyzed in a subset of pts (n=73) for whom PK data on day 1 of treatment or at steady state (Day 29) was available (n=34 and 39 for 400 and 600 mg/day, respectively). IM PK was evaluated using a population PK approach. A correlation between IM plasma exposure and clinical outcome was explored by grouping pts into quartiles according to IM trough levels at steady state (Cmin). The clinical outcome parameters evaluated include overall objective responses (OOR=CR+PR), time to progression (TTP), and KIT mutation status. Results: Clinical response tended to correlate with IM trough exposure. OOR was achieved by 8 of 18 (44%) pts in Q1 (Cmin <1,110 ng/mL) compared with 24 of 36 (67%) and 14 of 19 (74%) in Q2-Q3 (≥1,110 - <2,040 ng/mL), and Q4 (≥2,040 ng/mL), respectively (p=0.060 for Q1 vs Q2-Q4). The median TTP was 11.3 months for pts in Q1 and over 30 months for Q2-Q4 (p=0.0029). In pts with GIST with exon 11 KIT mutation (n=39), the OOR was 55.6% for Q1 vs 93.3% for Q2-Q4 (p=0.006). The IM plasma AUC, peak concentration, and Cmin were highly correlated, with IM Cmin having the best correlation with response. Conclusions: Exposure to adequate drug levels of IM appears to correlate with clinical benefit; pts with the lowest IM levels show the lowest OOR and shortest TTP. These results suggest that monitoring IM exposure may be important for optimal clinical outcome. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Infinity, MedImmune, Novartis, Pfizer Novartis MedImmune, Novartis, Pfizer Infinity, Novartis, Pfizer Infinity, Novartis, Pfizer