gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 60 Years Results of the Nice Multicenter Study (2019)

To report here the subjective and objective outcomes of a series of TSA, in patients younger than 60 years at the time of surgery, reviewed clinically and radiographically at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is currently preferred in young patients however, due to the limited survival of the glenoid component, the optimal treatment remains unclear for younger patients. We performed a retrospective multicenter study. Our inclusion criteria were all the stemmed-TSAs implanted in patients under the age of 60 with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Resurfacing and stemless arthroplasties as well as patients over 60 were excluded. Between 1993 and 2016, 460 primary TSAs were performed. Due to loss to follow-up, 65 patients had to be excluded leaving 395 shoulders in 332 patients for clinical and radiological analysis. The primary etiology of the arthritis was recorded. Clinical and radiological parameters were assessed before surgery, within 6 months after surgery, and then annually. Glenoid complications and cuff tears were the most frequently observed complications. 98 shoulders were revised, mainly for glenoid failure or infection, and 16 shoulders were re-operated, mainly for cuff tears or stiffness. At a mean follow up of 15 ypo, the survival-free revision was 63%. A statistical improvement of the range of motion, Constant score and satisfaction was observed at last follow-up. At last follow-up, 30% of patients presented a failure on the glenoid implant: either implant migration or loosening. Glenoid complications and revision are increasing with time. The clinical subjective and objective results were significantly better for patients without glenoid failure. The RLL score was significantly higher in patients with initial malposition. TSA is a reliable implant at mid-term follow up in younger patients with significant improvement in functional outcomes. However, there is a severe decline in glenoid implant survival over time, with the need to revise the implants.
THE CYSTIC TRANSVERSE LIMB OF THE ARTICULAR BRANCH (2006)

OBJECTIVE The preoperative diagnosis of peroneal intraneural ganglia has been difficult to establish and superior tibiofibular joint connections may not be identified. Misdiagnosis leads to incomplete treatment in that the articular branch connection may not be addressed which can result in cyst recurrences. METHODS We analyzed 20 surgically confirmed cases of paraarticular cysts arising from the superior tibiofibular joint to assess for joint connections and to determine common MRI characteristics in intraneural ganglia that would allow distinction from extraneural ganglia. We identified and tested 3 radiographic signs describing the cysts and analyzed cyst morphology (i.e, size, shape, pattern), muscle compartments affected (i.e., for denervation) and neighboring joints (for associated pathology). RESULTS Twelve cases of peroneal intraneural ganglia and 8 cases of extraneural ganglia were connected to the superior tibiofibular joint. Retrospective review confirmed that these cysts were frequently misdiagnosed and joint connections were often not recognized. The MR appearance of peroneal intraneural ganglia was stereotypic. These intraneural ganglia were tubular whereas the extraneural were more mass-like. The tail sign was 100% sensitive for identifying joint connections but could not distinguish between intra and extraneural cysts. The “transverse limb” sign [cystic material within the portion of the articular branch traversing the anterior surface of the fibula] was present in all cases of peroneal intraneural ganglia and none of the extraneural ganglia. The signet ring sign [the eccentric displacement of fascicles by cyst within the epineurium] was 100% sensitive for peroneal intraneural ganglia and 86% specific (it did not identify 2 cysts that did not extend more proximally into the common peroneal nerve). There was 100% interobserver concordance between the prospective interpretations by a blinded single radiologist and a trained first year medical student with intraoperative findings. In this series, muscle denervation was more common and more pronounced in the intraneural than extraneural ganglia. Abnormalities in neighboring joints were noted nearly universally. CONCLUSION This paper demonstrates reproducible MRI features which will easily allow one to identify the joint connection (the tail sign) in para-articular cysts and also to distinguish between peroneal intraneural and extraneural ganglia (the transverse limb sign and the signet ring sign) at the superior tibiofibular joint with accuracy and confidence with subsequent improvement in treatment and patient outcomes.
High‐efficiency AlGaN based UV emitters grown on high‐crystalline‐quality AlGaN using grooved AlN layer on sapphire substrate (2007)

Abstract Crack‐free and low‐dislocation‐density AlGaN was successfully grown on grooved AlN layer. UV light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a peak wavelength of 330 nm on these AlGaN films were fabricated. The efficiency of the UV LEDs is found to be strongly affected by the crystalline quality of the underlying AlN. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors (2016)

A hybrid nanostructure based on reduced graphene oxide and ZnO has been obtained for the detection of volatile organic compounds. The sensing properties of the hybrid structure have been studied for different concentrations of ethanol and acetone. The response of the hybrid material is significantly higher compared to pristine ZnO nanostructures. The obtained results have shown that the nanohybrid is a promising structure for the monitoring of environmental pollutants and for the application of breath tests in assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds.
Inhibition of cytokine signaling by ruxolitinib and implications for COVID-19 treatment (2020)

Approximately 15% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience severe disease, and 5% progress to critical stage that can result in rapid death. No vaccines or antiviral treatments have yet proven effective against COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 experience elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can result in cytokine storm, followed by massive immune cell infiltration into the lungs leading to alveolar damage, decreased lung function, and rapid progression to death. As many of the elevated cytokines signal through Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2, inhibition of these pathways with ruxolitinib has the potential to mitigate the COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and reduce mortality. This is supported by preclinical and clinical data from other diseases with hyperinflammatory states, where ruxolitinib has been shown to reduce cytokine levels and improve outcomes. The urgent need for treatments for patients with severe disease support expedited investigation of ruxolitinib for patients with COVID-19.
Emerging Materials for High Efficiency Photovoltaics (2018)

To bring higher efficiencies to photovoltaics, present integrated architectures such as multijunction solar cells must include new materials and designs. We present new architectures such as multi-segments, nanostructures and junction materials.
Economy of effort in electron microscope morphometry. (1975)

Statistical techniques known as the analysis of variance make it possible for the electron microscopist to plan work in such a way as to get quantitative data with the greatest possible economy of effort. This paper explains how to decide how many measurements to make per micrograph, how many micrographs per tissue block, how many blocks per experimentally treated organ, and how many organs per experimental treatment group.
Improvement of burst-mode controlled piezoelectric transformers (2012)

The burst-mode operation was adopted in piezoelectric transformer based converter for two major purposes: 1. to make the regulation in DC-DC converter and 2. to make the dimming control in the backlight inverter. The burst mode control can fix the switching frequency of the converter as well as keep the good efficiency at the light load condition. However, the piezoelectric transformer cannot stop instantly in the burst mode in practice. The delay derived from piezoelectric transformers influences the accuracy of the regulation. This research proposes a control strategy to make the piezoelectric transformer can stop more quickly so as to enhance the accuracy of burst mode control. The proposed method does not add extra component but only modified the control signal of the burst-mode driving circuit. The proposed control strategy is verified by the experiment.
Power Doppler imaging of focal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract: comparison with conventional color Doppler imaging. (1996)

To compare the usefulness of power Doppler imaging and color Doppler imaging in the vascular evaluation of gastrointestinal lesions, 21 patients with focal gastrointestinal tract lesions were examined with both power and color Doppler imaging. Two reviewers blinded to the diagnosis compared intramural vascularity detected by each of these methods. Power Doppler imaging detected flow in 16 patients with nonischemic lesions, whereas color Doppler imaging detected flow in only 11 patients. Neither modality detected flow in three patients with transmural infarction, but only power Doppler imaging detected minimal flow in the two patients with reversible ischemia. Power Doppler imaging improves visualization of intramural gastrointestinal vascularity, increasing the level of confidence in differentiating ischemic from nonischemic lesions.
Fabrication of water-dispersible single-walled carbon nanotube powder using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (2017)

Dispersion of nanocarbon materials in liquid media, via solution processing such as spraying, printing, spinning, etc. is one of the prerequisites for practical applications. Here we report that water-dispersible single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared through successive treatments with chlorosulfuric acid (CSA)/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) monohydrate. The powder of the CSA/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>- and NMO-treated SWCNTs (N-SWCNTs) could be readily redispersed in water in concentrations as high as 1 g l<sup>-1</sup> without requiring a dispersant. The mechanism responsible for the high dispersity of the N-SWCNT powder in polar solvents, including water, was elucidated based on the high polarity of the NMO molecule. In order to highlight the wide applicability of the N-SWCNTs, they were used successfully to prepare conducting thin films by spray-coating plastic substrates with an aqueous hybrid solution containing the N-SWCNTs and Ag nanowires (NWs). In addition, a flexible, large-area thin-film heater was prepared based on the N-SWCNT/AgNW hybrid film with a transmittance of 93% and sheet resistance of 30 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup>.
Prenatal Detection by Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Characterization of a New CFTR Deletion, 3600+15kbdel5.3kb (or CFTRdele19) (2000)

Cystic fibrosis (CF; MIM No. 219700), the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians (1 ), is caused by mutations in the gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR; MIM No. 602421) (2 ). The disease may be revealed by fetal bowel hyperechogenicity during routine ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy, even when there is no family history of CF. However, fetal bowel hyperechogenicity is not specific for CF: when found at this stage of pregnancy, it corresponds to CF in 2-20% of cases Diagnostic investigations are based on screening for CF-causing mutations, fetal karyotyping, and screening for infections. Normal intestinal enzyme activities in amniotic fluid before 18 weeks of gestation reasonably rules out CF (6 ). However, most women are referred after this time, and it is necessary to screen for CF mutations in the parents and, if possible, fetus. To date, almost 900 mutations have been described throughout the CFTR gene, but very few deletions have been identified (7 ). Indeed, large deletions are not routinely screened for, given their rarity and the lack of suitable diagnostic tools. Conventional PCR-based methods usually detect deletions only when they are present in the homozygous state. As a result, the frequency of CFTR deletions is underestimated. Two relatively frequent large deletions have recently been described: 31201kbdel8.6kb was found in 13% of CF chromosomes in Israeli-Arab patients (8 ), and CFTRdele2,3 accounts for 1-6.4% of CF chromosomes in Slavic populations (9 ).
Enhancing the Toxicity of Cancer Chemotherapeutics with Gold Nanorod Hyperthermia (2008)

The heat produced by optically excited gold nanorods is used to augment the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in killing tumor cells. This combined therapy kills 78% more cells than cisplatin alone, suggesting a synergistic interaction between these treatments. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tracking Photoexcited Carriers in Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors: Trap-Dominated Spatial Heterogeneity and Diffusion (2017)

We use correlated confocal and wide-field fluorescence microscopy to probe the interplay between local variations in charge carrier recombination and charge carrier transport in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite thin films. We find that local photoluminescence variations present in confocal imaging are also observed in wide-field imaging, while intensity-dependent confocal measurements show that the heterogeneity in nonradiative losses observed at low excitation powers becomes less pronounced at higher excitation powers. Both confocal and wide-field images show that carriers undergo anisotropic diffusion due to differences in intergrain connectivity. These data are all qualitatively consistent with trap-dominated variations in local photoluminescence intensity and with grain boundaries that exhibit varying degrees of opacity to carrier transport. We use a two-dimensional kinetic model to simulate and compare confocal time-resolved photoluminescence decay traces with experimental data. The simulations further support the assignment of local variations in nonradiative recombination as the primary cause of photoluminescence heterogeneity in the films studied herein. These results point to surface passivation and intergrain connectivity as areas that could yield improvements in perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic device performance.
Observations of cavitation and boiling in a tissue-mimicking phantom due to high intensity focused ultrasound (2007)

Bubbles generated by acoustic cavitation or boiling are often observed during high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) medical treatments. In this work, high-speed video imaging, a 20-MHz focused acoustic transducer, and the driving voltage to our 2-MHz HIFU source are used to distinguish between cavitation and boiling in a tissue-mimicking gel phantom at peak focal intensities up to 30,000 W/cm2. Bubble dynamics are modeled using a reduced order model that accounts for evaporation and condensation, heat and gas transfer across the interface, and temperature changes in the surrounding liquid. The model includes vapor trapping, whereby the noncondensable gas slows diffusion of vapor to the interface, thereby limiting condensation. At the transducer focus, evidence of cavitation is observed in the first millisecond before disappearing. Boiling is observed several milliseconds later, after sufficient heating of the focal volume to 100&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C. The disappearance of cavitation can be explained in part by the observed motion of bubbles away from the focal region due to radiation-pressure forces and in part by the softening of bubble collapses by vapor trapping. Thus, at clinical HIFU amplitudes, bubble dynamics and their impact on image-feedback and/or therapy change dramatically in only milliseconds. [Work supported by NIH DK43881 and NSBRI SMS00402.]
Comparison of PP and PS reflectivities for fracture characterization (2014)

Summary We present a method for inversion of fracture compliance matrix components from Wide Azimuth (WAZ) noisy synthetic PS-reflection data and show quantitatively that variations of reflection amplitude with offset and azimuth (AVOA) for converted PS-waves are more informative for fracture characterization than P-waves. We consider monoclinic symmetry for fractured reservoir (parameters chosen from Woodford shale), which can be formed by two or more sets of vertical fractures embedded in a VTI background. Components of effective fracture compliance matrices for a medium with monoclinic symmetry are related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Monte Carlo simulation results show that inversion of PS reflection data is more robust to uncertainties in our a priori knowledge (VTI parameters of unfractured rock) than PP reflection data. Also we show that while inversion of PP reflections is sensitive to contrasts in elastic properties of upper and lower media, inversion of PS reflectivities is robust with respect to such contrasts.
Carotid plaque assessment using non-invasive shear strain elastography (2014)

Stroke is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, and a significant proportion of strokes are caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Non-invasive vascular elastography (NIVE) provides maps of carotid plaque strain computed from radiofrequency ultrasound (US) data sequences. The goal of this project was to evaluate the ability of NIVE shear strain analysis to characterize carotid plaque vulnerability in vivo in patients referred for carotid evaluation.
Copper Direct Bonding Characterization and its Interests for 3D Integration Circuits (2008)

3D technology will be the next step for the development of microelectronic devices. Vertical interconnection is one of the challenging issue. Metal bonding might be one of the possible technique to address it. In this work, direct Cu/Cu bonding at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and ambient air is investigated. At room temperature, a 2.8 J/m2 bonding toughness is achieved. EELS spectrum pointed out the absence of copper oxide at the interface. Morphological evolutions versus post bonding annealing are presented with TEM and XRD analyses. The ohmic behavior of the bonding is highlighted.
Phenolics, fatty acids, and biological potential of selected Croatian EVOOs (2017)

Nutritional value of extra virgin olive oil is associated with its complex chemical composition. The aim of this study was to determine phenolic secoiridoids in Extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from autochthonous Croatian cultivars ( Drobnica , Krvavica , Lastovka , and Oblica ) by qNMR, to determine simple phenolics by UPLC, as well as to analyze the fatty acid profile, the antioxidant activity, and the oxidative stability of selected oils. This is the first study on chemical and biological characterization of selected autochthonous olives varieties. Drobnica EVOO contained the highest amount of total phenols and major secoiridoid derivatives (oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein aglycon, and ligstroside aglycon) compared to other oils. The antioxidant activity of Drobnica phenolics was very high by FRAP and copper‐induced LDL oxidation assays, while the oxidative stability of Drobnica oil by Rancimat method was very long (23 h). Practical applications : This study represents the contribution to the research of chemical and biological potential of monovarietal extra virgin olive oil from Croatia. EVOOs from selected Croatian autochthonous cultivars had very high phenolic content that is related to high inhibitory rate of copper‐induced oxidation of human LDL as well as the long oxidative stability. Drobnica EVOO showed very long oxidative stability. EFSA approved health claim on olive oil polyphenols (EU, 432/2012) and selected Croatian cultivars, especially Drobnica , are of interest due to its high phenolic content and strong biological potential.
Study of the Effect of Hole Clearance and Thread Fit on the Self-Loosening of Threaded Fasteners (2006)

This study provides an experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of hole clearance and thread fit on the self-loosening of tightened threaded fasteners that are subjected to a cyclic transverse service load. An experimental procedure and test setup are developed in order to collect real-time data on the rate of clamp load loss per cycle as well as the loosening rotation of the bolt head. Three levels of hole clearance are investigated; namely, 3%, 6%, and 10% of the bolt nominal diameter. For the commonly used 2A thread fit for a selected bolt size, three classes of the nut thread fit are considered; namely, 1B, 2B, and 3B. A simplified mathematical model is used for the analytical investigation of the effect of the hole clearance and thread fit on threaded fasteners self-loosening. The experimental and theoretical results are presented and discussed.
Design and development of a propulsion system for a cubesat - Based on solid propellant cool gas generator technology (2006)

Orbital manoeuvring is the next challenge in the development of cubesats. In this study a propulsion system for a cubesat with the main purpose of providing orbit manoeuvring and formation flying has been designed. This propulsion system is basically a cold gas system but it does not use a pressurised tank to store the gas, instead the propellant is chemically stored in cool gas generators. By storing the propellants chemically bounded in a solid material the system has no leakage, is unpressurised and can be stored for a long time without attendance. This advanced technology, developed by TNO, has already been used for a propulsion system, which will fly on the PR0BA2 mission and provides a good opportunity to store propellant in a volume efficient way. Based on this propulsion system, needed changes and improvements of the system have been investigated in order to make it suitable for cubesats. This all led to a preliminary design of a scaled down system which has been designed using requirements for formation flying and which has the capability of being adaptive to any requirements and cubesat configuration due to its modular design principle. The system is capable to store as much gas as a normal tank solution by using only 1/6 of the volume. Within this study a development model has been built and tested. The successful tests verified the design of the micro gas generators and provide a promising basis for further steps.
RFLP Linkage analysis of symbiotic mutants of soybean (2024)

The objective of this study is to determine linkage of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodulation phenotypes to RFLP markers in order to localize genes associated with nodulation. Soybean nodulation mutants, nts382 and ntsl007 (supernodulators), and nod49 and nodl39 (nonnodulators) were originally isolated from M2 and M3 populations of ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenized seeds of a G. max cultivar Bragg (Carroll et al., 1985a,b). This common origin resulted in a high level of molecular homology among Bragg and the four mutants. A more diverse population was needed in order to generate segregation and detect linkage (cosegregation) to an RFLP marker (Keim et al., 1989).