gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Angular Response of a Fiber-Optic Cable on DAS VSP Recordings in Lateral Wells (2018)

Summary The angular response of a fiber-optic cable to incident seismic energy when used with distributed acoustic sensing is well known, but it is difficult to understand its effect on survey design without additional visualization and quantification. We present a simulation demonstrating the effect of the angular amplitude response for lateral wells on both P and S waves. We find that the vertical portion of a moderately deep well has an excellent response to reflection events and a good response for direct waves, which is dependent on the source offset. The horizontal portion of the well has a much weaker response for P waves and an encouraging response for S waves. For a shallow SAGD-type geometry, the diversity of incident angles yields an excellent amplitude response for both the direct and reflected energy for channels that are not directly under the source. This study makes the case for a pre-survey modeling of the effect of the fiber-optic cable amplitude response in order to assist the choice of acquisition parameters.
Coaxial tip piezoresistive scanning probes for high-resolution electrical imaging (2010)

We have designed and batch fabricated silicon cantilever scanning probes integrating, for the first time, a coaxial tip to produce highly localized electric fields and a piezoresistor to measure cantilever deflection. These probes will improve the lateral resolution of scanning gate microscopy enabling the study of electron organization in semiconductor nanostructures. The full-width at half-maximum of the perturbation produced by our coaxial tip is ~3x smaller than that of conventional tips. At 300 K, the vertical displacement resolution of a 405 ¿m long probe is 2.4 nm in a 1 kHz bandwidth. With the ability to image topography and apply local electric fields, our probe has broad applications including electromechanical studies of cells and dopant profiling in semiconductors.
Electronic structure and optical properties of single wall carbon nanotubes and C[sub 60] peapods (2001)

We report studies of the electronic structure and optical properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) using high resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission. We present new results of the dependence of the interband transition and π plasmon dispersion on the SWNT diameter as well as on the SWNT orientation. For the SWNT filled with C60 (so-called peapods) we are able to derive the bulk filling factor from an analysis of the C1s absorption edge.
Structural studies in the ruthenium–dithiocarbamate system. Part I. Crystal structure of tris(morpholyldithiocarbamato)ruthenium(III)–2.5 chloroform (1975)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by the heavy-atom method from X-ray diffractometer data and refined by least-squares to R 0.1 1 for 6 499 reflections. Crystals are triclinic. space group P, a= 17.630(2), b= 17.893(2), c= 13.955(2)Å, α= 94.25(1), β= 108.68(1), γ= 120.31(1)°, Z= 2. The geometry of the complex molecule is conventional; the structure is of interest in establishing the nature of chloroform–dithiocarbamate interactions, the hydrogen atom of each chloroform being hydrogen-bonded to the sulphur atoms of various ligands.
Depth-Based 3D Hand Pose Estimation: From Current Achievements to Future Goals (2018)

In this paper, we strive to answer two questions: What is the current state of 3D hand pose estimation from depth images? And, what are the next challenges that need to be tackled? Following the successful Hands In the Million Challenge (HIM2017), we investigate the top 10 state-of-the-art methods on three tasks: single frame 3D pose estimation, 3D hand tracking, and hand pose estimation during object interaction. We analyze the performance of different CNN structures with regard to hand shape, joint visibility, view point and articulation distributions. Our findings include: (1) isolated 3D hand pose estimation achieves low mean errors (10 mm) in the view point range of [70, 120] degrees, but it is far from being solved for extreme view points; (2) 3D volumetric representations outperform 2D CNNs, better capturing the spatial structure of the depth data; (3) Discriminative methods still generalize poorly to unseen hand shapes; (4) While joint occlusions pose a challenge for most methods, explicit modeling of structure constraints can significantly narrow the gap between errors on visible and occluded joints.
Master Materialchemie (2013)

Abstract Gerade in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen nimmt die Nachfrage nach Chemikern mit materialwissenschaftlichem Hintergrund und Materialwissenschaftlern mit chemischen Kenntnissen stetig zu. Im stark interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Masterstudiengang Materialchemie an der Universität des Saarlandes wird dieser Nachfrage Rechnung getragen. Durch die Kombination von natur‐ und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Lehrveranstaltungen wird eine Verzahnung von Kenntnissen der Synthese und Eigenschaften von Molekülen mit der Denkweise von Ingenieuren erreicht.
Chiral Silylation Reagents:  Determining Configuration via NMR-Spectroscopic Coanalysis (2004)

[structure: see text]Derivatization with (+)- and (-)-chloromenthoxydiphenylsilane was used to determine the absolute configuration of the insect defensive agent pinoresinol (1). Although the (1)H NMR chemical shift differences of the resulting two diastereomers are small, (1)H NMR spectroscopy provided for the unambiguous assignment of the natural product's configuration. For this purpose, a new approach involving NMR spectra of mixtures of diastereomers was used. Our method resembles coinjecting mixtures of samples of known and unknown configuration in GC and HPLC.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Tungsten Oxide Using Nitrogen Dioxide: A Comparative Study with Other Oxygen Sources (2021)

Atomic layer deposition of tungsten oxide thin films using bis(t-butylimido)-bis(dimethylamido)tungsten is investigated using various oxygen precursors. Significant amounts of unreacted nitrogen originating from the tungsten precursor are found in films deposited thermally using conventional oxygen sources like water, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide. This problem is remedied using nitrogen dioxide as the oxygen source. Tungsten oxide films deposited using this rarely utilized precursor are shown to have minimal nitrogen content, an enhanced deposition rate, and a WO3 stoichiometry. The electrochemical and photothermal properties of films deposited using nitrogen dioxide are shown to be superior to films deposited using the other oxygen precursors.
Testing Dafny (experience paper) (2022)

Verification toolchains are widely used to prove the correctness of critical software systems. To build confidence in their results, it is important to develop testing frameworks that help detect bugs in these toolchains. Inspired by the success of fuzzing in finding bugs in compilers and SMT solvers, we have built the first fuzzing and differential testing framework for Dafny, a high-level programming language with a Floyd-Hoare-style program verifier and compilers to C#, Java, Go, and Javascript.
Azaindol‐Derivate II: Synthese und analgetische Wirkung von Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridinen (1988)

Abstract Umsetzungen des Azaindolcarbonsäureesters 2 führen zu 3‐substituierten Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridinen – darunter das 8‐Azatryptamin 8b – mit unterschiedlicher analgetischer Wirkungsstärke (ED 50 ‐Werte im Writhing‐Test: 8.2–140 mg/kg). Das über katalytische Hydrierung von 2 dargestellte Tetrahydropyrazolopyridylcarbonitril 10 war dagegen analgetisch inaktiv.
Correction: Common variant burden contributes to the familial aggregation of migraine in 1,589 families (2018)

(Neuron 98, 743–753.e1–e4; May 16, 2018) In the original publication of this paper, the middle initial of Michael D. Ferrari's name was inadvertently left out. This has since been corrected online. The authors apologize for the error.
Fabrication of a carbon nanotube protruding electrode array for a retinal prosthesis (2005)

Implantable retinal prosthetic devices consisting of microelectrode arrays are being built in attempts to restore vision. Current retinal prostheses use metal planar electrodes. We are developing a novel electro-neural interface using carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles as flexible, protruding microelectrodes. We have synthesized vertically self-assembled, multi-walled CNT bundles by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Using conventional silicon-based micro-fabrication processes, these CNT bundles were integrated onto pre-patterned circuits. CNT protruding electrodes have significant potentials in providing safer stimulation for retinal prostheses. They could also act as recording units to sense electrical and chemical activities in neural systems for fundamental neuroscience research.
Using RFID in the classroom to teach information systems principles (2006)

This article describes a strategy for using an inexpensive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader and tags in the classroom to teach a variety of basic principles of information technology to students taking an introductory Management Information Systems (MIS) course. A show and tell RFID reader hardware and software demonstration generates student interest to drive an interactive discussion about the uses and limitations of RFID tags. This sets the stage for a short PowerPoint slide session followed by a case study relating to the use of RFID to achieve competitive advantage in supply chain management.
The effect of implant linking and ligament integrity on humeral loading of a convertible total elbow arthroplasty (2017)

Collateral ligament integrity reduces wear-inducing loads for both an unlinked and linked TEA. Linkage of a convertible TEA increases humeral loading, which may have detrimental effects on implant longevity.
Optimal design of contiguous-band output multiplexers (COMUX) (1993)

A general multiplexer design procedure without dummy channels is described. The formulas are applied to the optimal design of practical contiguous or non-contiguous band multiplexers consisting of multicavity filters distributed along a waveguide manifold. All design parameters can be directly optimised. An example of a practical 12 channel, 12 GHz contiguous band multiplexer is presented.
Perlecan Domain V Increases Amyloid Clearance in Co‐Morbid VCID (2019)

Introduction Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of initial asymptomatic cerebrovascular changes (seen in small vessel disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy) to the profound symptomatic damage following acute stroke(s). Besides aging, metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes complicate our understanding of underlying mechanisms. Cerebrovascular remodeling and angiogenesis may represent early compensatory changes to the reduced blood flow seen in VCID by increasing the proteolytic turnover of the surrounding extracellular matrix. We have demonstrated that one such extracellular matrix protein, perlecan, possesses a C terminal domain V (DV) protein that, upon cleavage from perlecan, greatly enhances brain angiogenesis. Objective We hypothesize that DV therapy can reduce pathological changes in the cerebrovasculature, an underlying component of VCID. Methods DV's mechanism and therapeutic potential in facilitating Aβ clearance were examined in an ex vivo model of isolated mouse brain capillaries in normal and high glucose environments. We also determined the cerebrovascular changes in a comorbidity mouse model of VCID (diabetic APP/PS1 knock in (db/AD)) that is associated with hemorrhages, aneurysms, Aβ deposition, cognitive decline and increased mortality. Results DV (300 and 600 nM) doubled the transport of fluorescently tagged hAβ1‐42 over 24 hours from the bath (abluminal) to luminal side of the brain capillaries. One of Aβ's known transport proteins, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), also increased in total protein expression and in transport activity in the presence of DV. At 3–6 months in db/AD mice, we observed a decrease in BBB proteins (claudin‐5) indicating an altered cerebrovascular function correlating with DV expression increase during the asymptomatic angiogenic stage. At 9–12 months, cognitive changes were associated with altered cerebrovascular protein expression in PECAM, Collagen IV, and DV correlating with the aberrant two‐photon vascular imaging, increased saccular aneurysms, and microhemorrhages. Conclusion These data show that DV increases cerebrovascular Aβ clearance through P‐gp. Increased DV expression correlates with early cerebrovascular changes induced by angiogenic‐remodeling in a diabetic co‐morbid mouse model of VCID. Lower DV expression is associated with aberrant vasculature that contribute to increased mortality, suggesting that DV ‘replacement therapy’ could represent a novel therapeutic for VCID. Support or Funding Information NIH RO1 N5089515‐01 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
A system architecture for use with free space optical interconnects in a 3D stacked processor environment (2002)

There exists a technology suited for dealing with the unique constraints of the 3D stacked processor environment; free space optical interconnects (FSOI). This technology uses VCSEL's, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, as a communications medium. FSOI has been proven to work in a two dimensional matrix format that would be optimal for communications between stacks.
Letter: detection of infliximab levels and anti‐infliximab antibodies — comparison of three different assays (2012)

We refer to the publication written by N. Vande Casteele et al.,1 which determined the correlation between three different immunoassays for measuring infliximab and ATI (antibodies to infliximab). We formally contest the conclusion of this article, in which the authors conclude that Theradiag (bmd) LISA TRACKER Premium immunoassay detected 18% of false-positive samples for the assay of infliximab drug level. The Theradiag (bmd) LISA TRACKER Premium immunoassay was performed by the team of Groningen (Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy). The kit lot numbers used by the laboratory of Groningen were LTI 051101 and LTI 111001. We were informed of the discrepant results through the oral presentation given by Leuven team (Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology) during the European Immunogenicity Platform congress in February 2012 and further released on the web. Thanks to the collaboration of the teams of Groningen and Sanquin Diagnostics, we had the opportunity to get 8 of 11 discrepant sera (three of them were no longer available) from the published study. The eight sera were tested and repeated independently on the same reference lot numbers LTI 051101 and 111001, like those used by the laboratory in Groningen. Results are presented in the graph below and clearly invalidate the data published by showing no false-positive result. Our kits are CE marked and therefore meet strictly the performance requirements (sensitivity, specificity among others) requested by the European directive 98/97/CE. So far our LISA TRACKER users have published their results in several journals, and numerous scientific publications (PhD theses and posters) were also presented to various international congresses. Our immunoassays are used for routine diagnostic purposes in several European laboratories. As of today, we have not received any other reports of false positive tests. Moreover, we have recently completed a correlation on 22 new samples, kindly provided by the laboratory of Leuven, between our commercialised assay and their laboratory developed test. We are open for any scientific collaboration or complementary studies with the teams concerned in order to clarify the reasons why they have obtained and published non-validated discrepant results with our immunoassays. Declaration of personal and funding interests: None.
Analysis and improvement of motion encoding in magnetic resonance elastography (2018)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) utilizes phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is phase locked to externally generated mechanical vibrations, to measure the three-dimensional wave displacement field. At least four measurements with linear-independent encoding directions are necessary to correct for spurious phase contributions if effects from imaging gradients are non-negligible. In MRE, three encoding schemes have been used: unbalanced four- and six-point and balanced four-point ('tetrahedral') encoding. The first two sensitize to motion with orthogonal gradients, with the four-point method acquiring a single reference scan without motion sensitization, whereas three additional scans with inverted gradients are used with six-point encoding, leading to two-fold higher displacement-to-noise ratio (DNR) and 50% longer scan duration. Balanced four-point (tetrahedral) encoding encodes along the four diagonals of a cube, with one direction serving as a reference for the other three encoding directions, similar to four-point encoding. The objective of this work is to introduce a theoretical framework to compare different motion sensitization strategies with respect to their motion encoding efficiency in two fundamental encoding limits, the gradient strength limit and the dynamic range limit, which are both placed in relation to conventional gradient recalled echo (GRE)- and spin echo (SE)-based MRE sequences. We apply the framework to the three aforementioned schemes and show that the motion encoding efficiency of unbalanced four- and six-point encoding schemes in the gradient-limited regime can be increased by a factor of 1.5 when using all physical gradient channels concurrently. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that reversing the direction of the reference in balanced four-point (tetrahedral) encoding results in the Hadamard encoding scheme, which leads to increased DNR by 2 compared with balanced four-point encoding and 2.8 compared with unbalanced four-point encoding. As an example, we show that optimal encoding can be utilized to reduce the acquisition time of standard liver MRE in vivo from four to two breath holds.
Thin film barium strontium titanate ferroelectric varactors for microwave applications (2015)

Analog phase shifters are investigated with a periodic structure that includes Barium Strontium Titanate ferroelectric thin film varactors in shunt or serial connection to the coplanar waveguide transmission line. The phase shift is achieved by applying a DC bias to the varactors and changing the reactance in the circuit. The goal of this paper is to characterize the shunt capacitive varactors regarding the voltage dependence of the capacitance, loss tangent, and insertion losses at different bias voltages. Quality factor analysis is also conducted taking the parasitic effects into account. Repeated measurements show that the capacitance of a single cell is tuned from 0.8pF to 0.2pF under a DC bias of 0-10V while the loss tangent is kept under 0.01 in the frequency range of 0-40GHz. Insertion loss is tuned from -4dB to less than -0.6dB from 0 to 10V with a Figure of Merit of 14 degrees/dB at 10GHz and the total quality factor of the unit cell is around 6.7 to 10 at 10GHz with matched port impedance. By cascading 10-25 single unit cells, the phase shift is expected to reach 360 degrees with minimum insertion loss.
Complementary Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Copolymers (2004)

This paper describes a supramolecular copolymer based on quadruple hydrogen bonding between self-complementary ureido-pyrimidinones and complementary 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridines. In contrast to previously reported polymer systems solely based on complementary hydrogen-bonding units, these polymers retain a high DP over a broad composition range.
Prevention and treatment of cancer using so-called medicinal mushrooms raw materials: Criticism, facts, and perspectives (2020)

The purpose of the present review is the analysis of modern knowledge on use of medicinal mushrooms metabolites in cancer treatment, including in vitro experiments and clinical studies, with a preliminary assessment of the prospects for the development at least of some tactics of immunotherapy for malignant neoplasms. The data on the efficacy of adjuvant therapy of tumors in combination with mushroom extracts in relation to tumor regression as well as improving overall survival rates are presented. It is postulated that the improvement of long-term results of treatment can be most successfully reached with the use of medicinal mushrooms raw materials. This is due to the fact that an important task after adjuvant therapy (i.e. enhancing the immune surveillance of tumor derivatives) can be successfully solved using polysaccharides of fungal origin. In their final links and targets, such a practice coincides with clinically proven cytokine therapy. The involvement of Russian clinicians in practice of assessment of long-term results of treatment with fungal dectin-stimulation seems to us to be important task of clinical oncology.
SCD1, autophagy and cancer: implications for therapy (2021)

Here, we discuss controversial findings of SCD1 as an autophagy inducer or inhibitor in cancer, highlighting how these activities may result in cancer promotion or inhibition depending upon the degree of cancer heterogeneity and plasticity.
Brenner Basistunnel - Geotechnische Prognose und Konzept fuer den TBM-Einsatz / Brenner-Base Tunnel - Geotechnical prognosis and concept for TBM-tunnelling (2003)

Im Rahmen der Aktualisierung der Machbarkeitsstudien aus den Jahren 1987 und 1993 wurde in den Jahren 2001/2002 eine komplette geotechnisch-baugeologische Neubeurteilung des Brenner Basistunnel vorgenommen. Die Hauptaufgaben waren aus geologisch-geotechnischer Sicht: Trassenwahl, geologisch-hydrogeologische und geothermische Prognose sowie weitere Sondierungen. Basierend auf der geotechnisch-baugeologischen Neubeurteilung wurde von einer Arbeitsgruppe ein Vortriebskonzept entwickelt, das einen moeglichst hohen Anteil an maschinellen Vortrieben mit TBM vorsieht. Dieses Konzept sieht vor, ueber mehr als 80 Prozent der gesamten Tunnellaenge Erkundungsstollen vorgaengig zu den Haupttunneln vorzutreiben. Hierzu wird ueber den Grossteil der Strecke der Einsatz von Doppelschild-TBM (TBM-DS) mit etwa 5 m Durchmesser empfohlen. Fuer den Vortrieb der beiden Roehren des Haupttunnels sind Schild-TBM (TBM-S) mit rund 9,6 m Durchmesser vorgesehen. Mit diesem Vortriebskonzept ist eine Rohbauzeit von knapp 7,5 Jahren realisierbar. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: In the course of updating the feasibility-studies of the Brenner-Base Tunnel from 1987 and 1993 a complete reassessment of the geological and geotechnical situation was undertaken. From the geological-geotechnical point of view the main tasks were: alignment, geological, hydrogeological and geothermal prognosis plus additional explorations. Based on this reassessment a concept for excavation was elaborated by a separate working group with the aim to excavate the highest possible portion of the tunnel by TBMs. This concept foresees that for more than 80 percent of the total tunnel length the conditions shall be explored by pilot-tunnels. For this purpose it is recommended to utilize double-shield TBMs of approximately 5 m diameter. For the excavation of the main tunnels it is foreseen to utilize single-shield TBMs with approximately 9 m diameter. With this innovative approach a completion time of 7.5 years except finishing works seems feasible. (A)