gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Order parameters and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of off-stoichiometric D22 Mn2.36Ga epitaxial films grown on MgO (001) and SrTiO3 (001) (2015)

We study the relationship between long range order parameters and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of off-stoichiometric D022 Mn2.36Ga (MnGa) epitaxial films grown on MgO (001) and SrTiO3 (STO) (001) single crystalline substrates. MnGa films deposited on MgO (001) show rather large irregular variation in magnetization with increasing substrate temperature in spite of the improved long range order of total atomic sites. The specific site long range order of Mn-I site characterized in the [101] orientation revealed the fluctuation of the occupation fraction of two Mn atomic sites with elevated substrate temperature, which appears more relevant to the observed magnetization change than the long range order of the total atomic sites. In case of MnGa films grown on the lattice-matched STO (001), high long range order of the total atomic sites in spite of the existence of secondary phase represents that the lattice mismatch plays a crucial role in determining the atomic arrangement of Mn and Ga atoms in the off-stoichiometric compositional case of MnGa.
Passive alignment optical subassemblies for military/aerospace fiber-optic transmitter/receiver applications (1999)

Under the DARPA sponsored Avionics Optoelectronic Module Technology program, Boeing, Lucent Technologies, and Ceramics Process Systems have collaboratively developed new passive alignment carrier (PAC) optical subassemblies (LED-PAC and PIN-PAC) ruggedized for military/aerospace avionics fiber-optic transmitter and receiver applications. LED-PAC and PIN-PAC silicon micro-optical bench substrates were fabricated together on a 5 inch diameter silicon wafer via multi-stage photolithography, thin-film, and substrate processing. Alignment v-grooves designed for passive optical alignment of 100/140 /spl mu/m multimode optical fiber to the optoelectronic devices were terminated by solder locking the fiber to the silicon PAC substrates. The LED-PAC comprising a surface emitting LED die-bonded onto a novel precision molded AlN submount passively mounted onto the silicon microbench achieves the required high coupling efficiency to 100/140 /spl mu/m multimode optical fiber to meet stringent avionics transmitter output power requirements. The 100/140 /spl mu/m multimode optical fiber-pigtailed PIN-PAC with a refractive lens etched into the PIN photodiode backside surface exhibited responsivities greater than 0.8 A/W at 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength. The LED-PAC and PIN-PAC optical subassemblies integrated with Boeing ARINC 636 (FDDI) Transmitter and Receiver thick film multi-chip (MCM-C) circuitry are capable of meeting both ARINC 636 and FDDI physical layer requirements.
Regulation by Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-4 of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Neutrophils (1997)

Abstract Neutrophils are important effector cells of acute inflammation because of their potential capacity to synthesize various proinflammatory mediators, and inhibition of their production is expected to result in anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-4, on prostanoid synthesis in human neutrophils. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors constitutively produced a small amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) without any stimulations, whereas they produced a large amount of PGE2 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IL-10 and IL-4 selectively inhibited their LPS-induced PGE2 production. Inhibition by both cytokines occurred at an early stage of LPS stimulation. Anti–IL-10 treatment of LPS-stimulated neutrophils resulted in enhanced PGE2 production. LPS-induced PGE2 and thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ) production in aspirin-treated neutrophils was significantly inhibited by IL-10, IL-4, and NS-398. Moreover, IL-10 and IL-4 inhibited LPS-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in neutrophils. Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis showed that COX-2 protein was clearly induced in LPS-stimulated neutrophils and that its induction was inhibited by both IL-10 and IL-4. Moreover, both of these cytokines inhibited COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated neutrophils. These results raise the possibility that these two cytokines may both offer potent clinical utility as anti-inflammatory agents in the future.
A Metal–Organic Framework with Exceptional Activity for C−H Bond Amination (2017)

Abstract The development of catalysts capable of fast, robust C−H bond amination under mild conditions is an unrealized goal despite substantial progress in the field of C−H activation in recent years. A Mn‐based metal–organic framework (CPF‐5) is described that promotes the direct amination of C−H bonds with exceptional activity. CPF‐5 is capable of functionalizing C−H bonds in an intermolecular fashion with unrivaled catalytic stability producing &gt;10 5 turnovers.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification and Characterization of MEL-3, a Novel AR Antagonist That Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 25KB, AR-level in ClARE and SelARE.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of the substrate specificity of alpha1,3galactosyltransferase utilizing modified N-acetyllactosamine disaccharides (1999)

alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GalT) catalyzes the synthesis of a range of glycoconjugates containing the Galalpha1,3Gal epitope which is recognized by the naturally occurring human antibody, anti-Gal. This enzyme may be a useful synthetic tool to produce a range of compounds to further investigate the binding site of anti-Gal and other proteins with a Galalpha1,3Gal binding site. Thus, the enzyme has been probed with a series of type 2 disaccharide-C8(Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-C8) analogs. The enzyme tolerated acceptors with modifications at C2 and C3 of the N-acetylglucosamine residue, producing a family of compounds with a nonreducing alpha1,3 linked galactose. Compounds that did not serve as acceptors were evaluated as inhibitors. Interestingly, the type 1 disaccharide-C8, Galbeta1-3GlcNAc-C8, was a good inhibitor of the enzyme (Ki = 270 microM vs. Km = 190 microM for Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-C8). A potential photoprobe, based on a modified type 2 disaccharide (octyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-3-N-(2-diazo-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropionyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1, 4)-2-acetamindo-2-deoxy-beta-D-glycopyranoside, (DTFP-LacNAc-C8)), was evaluated as an inhibitor of alpha1,3GalT. alpha1,3GalT bound DTFP-LacNAc-C8 with an affinity (Ki = 300 microM) similar to that displayed by the enzyme for LacNAc-C8. Additional studies were done to determine the enzyme's ability to transfer a range of sugars from UDP-sugar donors. The results of these experiments demonstrated that alpha1,3GalT has a strict specificity for UDP-Gal. Finally, inactivation studies with various amino acid modifiers were done to obtain information on the importance of different types of amino acids for alpha1,3GalT activity.
Lower Extremity Weakness in an Adolescent Female – A Rare Presentation of Ewing Sarcoma (2018)

This case demonstrates how an uncommon manifestation of a rare disease can mimic a classic presentation of cord compression. Our aim is to bring awareness to this disease and to emphasize the importance of timely biopsy of any mass.
Immunosuppressive Functions of M2 Macrophages Derived from iPSCs of Patients with ALS and Healthy Controls (2020)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disorder with immune alterations that augment disease severity. M2 macrophages benefit diabetic and nephrotic mice by suppressing the pro-inflammatory state. However, neither have M2 cells been investigated in ALS nor have human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived M2 cells been thoroughly studied for immunosuppressive potentials. Here, iPSCs of C9orf72 mutated or sporadic ALS patients were differentiated into M2 macrophages, which suppressed activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages as well as proliferation of ALS CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup> Tc (Teffs). M2 cells converted ALS Teffs into CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) and rescued Tregs of ALS patients from losing CD25 and Foxp3. Furthermore, Tregs induced or rescued by iPSC-derived M2 had strong suppressive functions. ALS iPSC-derived M2 cells including those with C9orf72 mutation had similar immunomodulatory activity as control iPSC-derived M2 cells. This study demonstrates that M2 cells differentiated from iPSCs of ALS patients are immunosuppressive, boost ALS Tregs, and may serve as a candidate for immune-cell-based therapy to mitigate inflammation in ALS.
Deficient responses from the lateral geniculate nucleus in humans with amblyopia (2009)

Amblyopia or lazy eye is the most common cause of uniocular blindness in adults. It is caused by a disruption to normal visual development as a consequence of unmatched inputs from the two eyes in early life, arising from a turned eye (strabismus), unequal refractive error (anisometropia) or form deprivation (e.g. cataract). Animal models based on extracellular recordings in anesthetized animals suggest that the earliest site of the anomaly in the primate visual pathway is the primary visual cortex (corresponding to the striate cortex, cytoarchitectonic area 17 and area V1), which is where inputs from the two eyes are first combined in an excitatory fashion, whereas more distal and monocular processing structures such as the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are normal. Using high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging in a group of human adults with amblyopia, we demonstrate that functional deficits are first observable at a thalamic level, that of the LGN. Our results suggest the need to re-evaluate the current models of amblyopia that are based on the assumption of a purely cortical dysfunction, as well as the role for the LGN in visual development.
Angiotensin antogonists as pharmacological tools. (1976)

The availability of specific competitive antagonists stimulated investigation of the physiological and pathological role of angiotensin (A-II) and permitted the qualitative and quantitative characterization of numerous angiotensin receptor sites. The specific, competitive antogonists for A-II inhibit both the direct actions of A-II on isolated smooth muscle preparations and the stimulation of specific vascular receptor sites by which A-II evokes prostaglandin biosynthesis and release. Converting enzyme inhibitors a) block the action of exogenous A-I; b) lower blood pressure in conditions associated with high plasma renin levels (e.g., two-kidney renal hypertension, dehydrated diabetes insipidus rats, or in hemorrhagic shock); c) enhance responses to exogenous bradykinin (by inhibiting bradykininase); but d) do not block the effects of A-II at its receptor sites. A-II-receptor antagonists a) block the action of both A-I and A-II, b) lower blood pressure in high renin states, but c) have no effect on bradykinin degradation or action. Angiotensin receptor and synthesis antagonists have been shown to decrease the overall peripheral resistance and to reverse the renal cortical vasoconstriction during hemorrhagic shock and to prolong survival time in hemorrhaged dogs. It is our belief that angiotensin antogonists have therapeutic potential in hemorrhagic shock and would be expected (alone or in combination with alpha-andrenergic blockade) to overcome vascular shutdown and enhance organ perfusion (especially in the kidney).
Size and structure control of magnetic nanoparticles by using a modified polyol process (2004)

Synthesis strategies for the size and structure controlled Ni, Co, and FePt nanoparticles by manipulating the reaction kinetics of the polyol process are reported. In the case of Ni, particle size varied from a few micron to a few tens of nanometer, and the structure from fcc to a mixture of fcc and hcp was realized. The Co particle structure has been changed from a mixture of fcc and hcp at micron size range, to the fcc dominant mixture of fcc and hcp in the submicron size range, then to ε- and hcp-Co and finally to hcp-Co in the nanosize range. In the case of FePt, particles had fcc and fct phases with 5–10 nm in diameter. The magnetic properties of these particles are also reported.
Improved Fabrication Method for Nb/Al/AlOx/Al/Nb Superconducting Tunnel Junctions as X-Ray Detectors (2000)

Niobium-based superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) with aluminum trapping layers as X-ray detectors were fabricated. We applied a fabrication technique for reducing the leakage current and improving the energy resolution for X-rays at around 6 keV. The edges of two Al layers sandwiching a tunneling barrier were oxidized by plasma discharge. The performance of these new STJs was compared with other types of STJs to which thermal oxidization in an O 2 atmosphere had been applied. The oxidization process in O 2 plasma significantly improved the energy resolution for X-rays, which reached values (FWHM) of 41 eV, 58 eV, 65 eV, and 129 eV for STJs with the size of 20×20 µm 2 , 100×100 µm 2 , 200×200 µm 2 , and 500×500 µm 2 , respectively.
Modeling: Electromagnetic Plasma (2016)

Most plasma discharges are generated using radio-frequency electrical sources. It is therefore not surprising that interaction of electromagnetic fields with the plasma plays a key role in defining the plasma properties. This entry focuses on multi-dimensional electromagnetic modeling of low-pressure, partially-ionized plasma discharges. Two types of plasma sources are discussed—electromagnetic wave sustained discharges and those in which electromagnetic effects are of second order. Basic equations used for fluid modeling of plasma discharges are described with particular focus on the electrical aspects of the model. Using these basic equations, the Ohmic and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) electron heating mechanisms are discussed. The concept of skin depth is also introduced. Relying on examples from the literature, methodologies developed for multi-dimensional fluid modeling of inductively coupled plasmas, ECR plasmas and capacitively coupled discharges are described.
Single Conversion Stepped-Frequency Continuous-Wave Radar Using Self-Injection-Locking Technology (2019)

This paper presents a single conversion stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SCSFCW) radar that uses self-injection-locking technology to achieve high sensitivity, Doppler resolution and range resolution. Moreover, the radar is capable of extracting tiny Doppler shifts from different range bins, so it has great potential to monitor vital signs of multiple people simultaneously. In the experiment, a 7.95-8.95 GHz SCSFCW prototype radar was constructed by an RF up-down converter pumped with a 5.5-6.5 GHz stepped chirp signal and a 2.45 GHz IF self-injection-locked (SIL) radar to successfully localize and recover two individual Doppler signals, each caused by either a small periodical movement of a metal plate or a physiological movement of a human body.
Copyrine alkaloids: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and antimycotic/antimycobacterial activity of A- and B-ring-functionalized sampangines (1992)

Several A- and B-ring-substituted sampangines were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal and antimycobacterial activity against AIDS-related opportunistic infection pathogens. Electrophilic halogenation provided a channel for structural elaboration of the sampangine B-ring at position 4, while the synthesis of A-ring 3-substituted sampangines and benzo[4,5]sampangine (24) were achieved from the corresponding functionalized cleistopholines. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was used to rigorously characterize the A- and B-ring substituent patterns. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed the activity of the sampangines was enhanced by the presence of a substituent at position 3 or by a 4,5-benzo group.
Formulation of Dry Powders for Inhalation Comprising High Doses of a Poorly Soluble Hydrophobic Drug (2022)

Spray-dried formulations of a hydrophobic, crystalline drug, GDC-A, were prepared using the suspension-PulmoSphere™ technology. Increases in drug loading resulted in decreases in the primary particle size distribution and increases in tapped density. This enabled fine particle doses of up to 25 mg to be achieved with a portable dry powder inhaler from a size three capsule. The powders were physically and chemically stable, with no changes in physical form or degradants observed during processing or on storage in an open configuration at 40°C for 1 month. The potential benefits of the suspension-based spray drying process relative to solution-based spray drying in terms of stability, lung targeting, and safety/tolerability are discussed.
Figure S5 from A Four-Chemokine Signature Is Associated with a T-cell–Inflamed Phenotype in Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5: The 4-chemokine signature identified an antitumor phenotype in liver metastases, independent of mutational burden&lt;/p&gt;
Localization of Prostate Cancer at 3-T Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Prostate Sector Map (2023)

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has a significant impact on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, it is important to realize its accuracy for PCa detection. In this study, we compare mpMRI with whole-mount histopathology (WMHP) images as a reference to discover the limitation of mpMRI for PCa lesion localization. The results are presented as a spatial probability map, corresponding to the prostate sector map used in Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADSv2.1), to highlight the regions on the prostate glands that require further attention from clinicians for a more accurate diagnosis of PCa and its treatment planning.
Have urinary function outcomes after radical prostatectomy improved over the past decade? (2021)

Although there have been advances in radical prostatectomy over the past decade, consistent observable improvements in postoperative incontinence were not reported by patients. To improve urinary function outcomes beyond the current high standard, the approach to studying innovations in surgical technique needs to be changed, and further development of other aspects of prostatectomy care is needed.
Visible blue light inactivates SARS-CoV-2 variants and inhibits Delta replication in differentiated human airway epithelia (2022)

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade host immune responses has prolonged the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the development of an efficacious, variant-agnostic therapeutic for the treatment of early SARS-CoV-2 infection would help reduce global health and economic burdens. Visible light therapy has the potential to fill these gaps. In this study, visible blue light centered around 425 nm efficiently inactivated SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell-free suspensions and in a translationally relevant well-differentiated tissue model of the human large airway. Specifically, 425 nm light inactivated cell-free SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Lambda, and Omicron by up to 99.99% in a dose-dependent manner, while the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab did not neutralize the Beta, Delta, and Gamma variants. Further, we observed that 425 nm light reduced virus binding to host ACE-2 receptor and limited viral entry to host cells <i>in vitro</i> . Further, the twice daily administration of 32 J/cm <sup>2</sup> of 425 nm light for three days reduced infectious SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants by >99.99% in human airway models when dosing began during the early stages of infection. In more established infections, logarithmic reductions of infectious Beta and Delta titers were observed using the same dosing regimen. Finally, we demonstrated that the 425 nm dosing regimen was well-tolerated by the large airway tissue model. Our results indicate that blue light therapy has the potential to lead to a well-tolerated and variant-agnostic countermeasure against COVID-19.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium perfringens Strain TAMU, Which Causes Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens (2020)

<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> causes severe gastrointestinal diseases, which include necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, a deadly disease worldwide. We report here the draft genome sequence of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> strain TAMU, which was used in developing an NE chicken challenge model. This <i>C. perfringens</i> TAMU genome sequence will aid in advancing potential intervention strategies to reduce NE pathogenesis.
Variable Face Milling to Normalize Putter Ball Speed and Maximize Forgiveness (2018)

The forgiveness of golf putters is traditionally achieved through weight distribution. Higher MOI (moment of inertia) putters will show less ball speed loss on impacts away from the sweet spot. A very large MOI putter, however, may not be desired by a golfer due to weight or appearance. The relationship between ball speed and impact location is affected by the mass properties of the putter (i.e., CG location, mass, moments of inertia, products of inertia) and the putter face. It has been shown that certain face properties, such as milling patterns, grooves, or soft inserts, can have small effects on ball speed. This paper proposes a method to normalize the ball speed on laterally miss-hit putter impacts using a “model-specific” milling pattern of variable depth and pitch, resulting in the largest possible region of the face providing consistent putt distances, thus improving performance given the average player’s impact pattern.
Antimicrobial Potential and Chemical Profiling of Leaves Essential Oil of Mentha Species Growing under North-West Himalaya Conditions (2021)

Mentha essential oil is one of the most utilized essential oil in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The present study reports the chemical composition and antibacterial properties of leaf essential oils of Mentha species. Further, the effect of the harvesting period on essential oil yield was also investigated. Firstly, the cultivated Mentha piperita and wild Mentha longifolia, revealed significant differences in their chemical profile. M. longifolia essential oil was characterized with endo-borneol (1.12-6.2%), caryophyllene (2.72-7.03%), isopipertenone (0.07-0.36%), germacrene D (0.98-3.22%), 3-cyclopentene-1-one,2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- (21.91-56.72%) and piperitone oxide (8.96-39.31%), whereas, M. piperita leaves essential oil was found rich in isomenthone (5.97-6.75%), 1-menthone (7.32-18.32%) and menthol (18.03-58.53%), etc. The essential oils of both Mentha species exhibited strong antimicrobial activity as evaluated using poisoned food technique, dry weight method, and disc diffusion method against Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Secondly, the maximum essential oil yield was observed in July month, 0.63±0.01 and 0.56±0.01%, respectively for M. piperita and M. longifolia.