gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Uplink With Underlay Spectrum Sharing (2018)

The achievable rates are investigated for multi-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with underlay spectrum sharing. A general pilot sharing scheme and two pilot sequence designs (PSDs) are investigated via fully shared (PSD-1) and partially shared (PSD-2) uplink pilots. The number of simultaneously served primary users and secondary users (SUs) in the same time-frequency resource block by the PSD-1 is higher than that of PSD-2. The transmit power constraints for the SUs are derived to mitigate the secondary co-channel interference (CCI) inflicted at the primary base-station (PBS) subject to a predefined primary interference temperature (PIT). The optimal transmit power control coefficients for the SUs with max-min fairness and the common achievable rates are derived. The cumulative detrimental effects of channel estimation errors, CCI and intra-cell/inter-cell pilot contamination are investigated. The secondary transmit power constraint and the achievable rates for the perfect channel state information (CSI) case become independent of the PIT when the number of PBS antennas grows unbounded. Therefore, the primary and secondary systems can be operated independent of each other as both intra-cell and inter-cell interference can be asymptotically mitigated at the massive MIMO PBS and secondary base-station. Nevertheless, the achievable rates and secondary power constraints for the imperfect CSI case with PSD-1 are severely degraded due to the presence of intra-cell and inter-cell pilot contamination. These performance metrics depend on the PIT even in the asymptotic PBS antenna regime. Hence, the primary and secondary systems can no longer be operated independently for imperfect CSI with PSD-1. However, PSD-2 provides an achievable rate gain over PSD-1 despite the requirement of lengthier pilot sequences of the former than that of the latter.
Aging of the flame‐retardant properties of polycarbonate and polypropylene protected by an intumescent coating (2013)

ABSTRACT Flame retardancy (FR) in polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) was obtained through the application of an intumescent coating on the polymeric substrate. A better performance was obtained with PC, a char former and highly viscous polymer, compared to with PP. Indeed, whereas 61 μm was required to obtain good FR (by the UL94 V0 rating, in particular) in the case of PC, at least 158 μm needed to be used to give FR to PP. The aging of the coated materials induced by UV‐filtered light radiation was then studied. This exposure led to a decrease in the FR. This effect was more pronounced in the case of PP compared to that of PC. The decrease in the FR was attributed to a decrease in the adhesion of the coating on the polymeric substrate because of its suspected physical aging. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39566.
Tunneling and fluctuating electron-hole Cooper pairs in double bilayer graphene (2020)

A strong low-temperature enhancement of the tunneling conductance between graphene bilayers has been reported recently and interpreted as a signature of equilibrium electron-hole pairing, first predicted in bilayers more than 40 years ago but previously unobserved. Here we provide a detailed theory of conductance enhanced by fluctuating electron-hole Cooper pairs, which are a precursor to equilibrium pairing, that accounts for specific details of the multiband double graphene bilayer system which supports several different pairing channels. Above the equilibrium condensation temperature, pairs have finite temporal coherence and do not support dissipationless tunneling. Instead they strongly boost the tunneling conductivity via a fluctuational internal Josephson effect. Our theory makes predictions for the dependence of the zero bias peak in the differential tunneling conductance on temperature and electron-hole density imbalance that capture important aspects of the experimental observations. In our interpretation of the observations, cleaner samples with longer disorder scattering times would condense at temperatures ${T}_{c}$ up to $\ensuremath{\sim}50\phantom{\rule{3.33333pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, compared to the record ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5\phantom{\rule{3.33333pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ achieved to date in experiment.
1.6 Tbps Silicon Photonics Integrated Circuit and 800 Gbps Photonic Engine for Switch Co-Packaging Demonstration (2020)

We describe the performance of high bandwidth-density silicon photonic based integrated circuits (SiPh ICs) that enable the first fully functional photonic engine (PE) module co-packaged with an Ethernet switch. We demonstrate the 1.6 Tbps SiPh transmitter (Tx) IC that integrates on-die all the lasers, micro ring modulators, monitor photodetectors, spot size converters, and V-grooves that are needed to support sixteen 106.25 Gbps PAM4 optical transmit channels. This SiPh Tx, together with discrete receiver (Rx) SiPh ICs, enabled an 800 Gbps PE. The PE is designed to allow up to sixteen modules to be co-packaged around a high-bandwidth switch ASIC. The PE test results described in this article were obtained using sixteen 53.125 Gbps electrical channels that were multiplexed to drive eight simultaneously operating 106.25 Gbps optical channels. We report DR4 IEEE standards compliant high-speed optical eye performance as well as full link operation. Post-FEC error-free operation over temperature and over extended time duration is demonstrated on all channels.
Zeolites ZSM-25 and PST-20: Selective Carbon Dioxide Adsorbents at High Pressures (2017)

Natural gas upgrading requires the separation of its major components, predominantly CH4 and CO2, at the high pressures found at the wellhead. Here we demonstrate that the Na+-tetraethylammonium form of ZSM-25 and PST-20, the fourth and fifth generations of the RHO family of zeolites with embedded isoreticular structures, can be efficiently employed to separate CO2 from CH4 over a wide temperature and pressure range (298–373 K and 0–25 bar). Both zeolites exhibit impressive CO2/CH4 selectivity (>20) at 298 K and 25 bar, relatively large adsorption capacity (4.0 and 3.6 mmol g–1, respectively) even at 373 K and 25 bar, and long-term durability even in the presence of H2O. These superior separation properties could be linked to the limited framework flexibilities of ZSM-25 and PST-20 mainly arising from the larger ratio of embedded to scaffold cages in the higher generation of the RHO family.
Diphenanthroline Electron Transport Materials for the Efficient Charge Generation Unit in Tandem Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

In this paper, we report two new phenanthroline-based compounds, 1,4-bis(2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl)benzene (p-bPPhenB) and 1,3-bis(2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl)benzene (m-bPPhenB), for the charge generation unit of tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). These two compounds exhibited high electron mobility of (5.8–4.4) × 10–3 cm2/(V s), a very small injection barrier at the p–n junction interface, a high glass transition temperature of 123.9–182.1 °C, and exceptionally good operational stability. Because of such excellent characteristics, a single-stack red phosphorescent OLED (PhOLED) with p-bPPhenB showed a low driving voltage (2.7 V) and significantly improved maximum power efficiency (56.8 lm/W), external quantum efficiency (30.8%), and device lifetime (LT95, 130 h) compared to those of the control device using bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (3.7 V, 39 lm/W, 27.1%, and 13 h). Furthermore, a two-stack (tandem) red PhOLED using p-bPPhenB in the charge generation unit exhibited superior charge generation as well as electron transport properties and excellent device performances (5.0 V, 54.0 lm/W, 56.1%) compared to those of the tandem device using Bphen (6.2 V, 45.2 lm/W, 53.3%).
Multicarrier Spectral Shaping Performance in Non-White Interference Channels: Experimental Results (2020)

In a recent work, we proposed a spectral shaping (SS) algorithm, which via adaptively selecting and allocating subcarrier powers at the transmitter can attain additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) theoretical performance results in non-white (e.g., interference) spectra. This algorithm, knowing the received interference channel power spectral density at the transmitter, solves an optimization problem to maximize the Shannon capacity subject to a few constraints. Solving this problem provides the selected subcarriers and allocates the total available power among them in order to attain the equivalent AWGN channel bit error ratio (BER), hence improving performance and maximizing the reliability, which is critical for aeronautical communication systems. One simple idea for point-to-multipoint communication using SS is that subcarriers experiencing very high interference are not used for the specific air-station (AS) which is experiencing the high-power interference, but they can still be used for other users. In this paper, after a brief description of the algorithm, via measurements, we test the algorithm and show the measurement results. The spectrally non-white channel can be from non-white noise, or more commonly, interference. In these measurements, the SS communication system was tested along with the Gaussian pulse shaped distance measuring equipment (DME) signals. The DME is pertinent for currently proposed L-band aviation communication systems, where an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based system, the L-band digital aeronautical communication system (LDACS) has been proposed as an inlay multicarrier communication system between the DME channels. The results presented in this paper using 64-QAM modulation order as a highly required energy-per-bit modulation example, show how using this adaptive technique can improve performance and reliability especially in low SNR situations, hence could be beneficial for future applications in L-band aviation or other non-white channels in other fields.
Targeting the DNA-binding activity of the human ERG transcription factor using new heterocyclic dithiophene diamidines (2012)

Direct modulation of gene expression by targeting oncogenic transcription factors is a new area of research for cancer treatment. ERG, an ETS-family transcription factor, is commonly over-expressed or translocated in leukaemia and prostate carcinoma. In this work, we selected the di-(thiophene-phenyl-amidine) compound DB1255 as an ERG/DNA binding inhibitor using a screening test of synthetic inhibitors of the ERG/DNA interaction followed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) validation. Spectrometry, footprint and biosensor-surface plasmon resonance analyses of the DB1255/DNA interaction evidenced sequence selectivity and groove binding as dimer. Additional EMSA evidenced the precise DNA-binding sequence required for optimal DB1255/DNA binding and thus for an efficient ERG/DNA complex inhibition. We further highlighted the structure activity relationships from comparison with derivatives. In cellulo luciferase assay confirmed this modulation both with the constructed optimal sequences and the Osteopontin promoter known to be regulated by ERG and which ERG-binding site was protected from DNaseI digestion on binding of DB1255. These data showed for the first time the ERG/DNA complex modulation, both in vitro and in cells, by a heterocyclic diamidine that specifically targets a portion of the ERG DNA recognition site.
Crystal Structure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Alkaline‐Earth Hafnates, AHfO 3 (A=Ba, Sr, Ca) (2008)

The crystal structure and microwave (MW) dielectric properties of AHfO 3 (A=Ba, Sr, and Ca) ceramics prepared by the solid‐state route have been investigated. X‐ray and electron diffraction show BaHfO 3 to be an untilted cubic perovskite ( a 0 a 0 a 0 , space group ), whereas SrHfO 3 and CaHfO 3 are both orthorhombically distorted perovskites ( a − b + a − , space group Pnma ). AHfO 3 ceramics with a relative density ∼90% of the theoretical X‐ray density and microstructures consisting of randomly oriented equiaxed grains were prepared by firing at 1750°C for 6 h. Conventional transmission electron microscopy reveals the occurrence of long parallel ferroelastic domains in the subgrain microstructure of CaHfO 3 and SrHfO 3 . At room temperature and MW frequencies, AHfO 3 ceramics, where A=Ba, Sr, and Ca, have ɛ r ∼24.2, Q × f r ∼14 250 GHz (at 8.9 GHz) and τ f ∼+111 ppm/K; ɛ r ∼23.5, Q × f r ∼33 534 GHz (at 9.3 GHz), and τ f ∼−63 ppm/K; and ɛ r ∼21.4, Q × f r ∼15 950 GHz (at 8.9 GHz), and τ f ∼−33 ppm/K, respectively. The ion polarizability for Hf 4+ in a cubic perovskite environment is calculated to be 3.32 Å 3 , whereas in a noncubic environment it increases to 4.36–4.47 Å 3 . Finally, the dielectric properties of AHfO 3 (A=Ba, Sr, and Ca) are compared with their titanate and zirconate counterparts.
Test and theory of electrodynamic bearings coupled to active magnetic dampers (2016)

Electrodynamic bearings exploit repulsive forces due to eddy currents to produce positive stiffness by passive means. Such a feature would make this type of bearing a viable alternative to active and permanent magnet bearings. Although electrodynamic bearings do not violate Earnshaw’s theorem, the open issue remains the stabilization system that is needed to make the rotating body stable, due to the low rotational speeds. Stabilizing solutions proposed in the literature are partially effective and not totally convincing. This limits real industrial applications. The present paper proposes a combination of electrodynamic and active magnetic bearings. At low speed the active part behaves as a conventional active magnetic bearing, while at high speed it provides damping. The readiness of the proposed solution is demonstrated by experimental results obtained using a dedicate test rig.
Automatic registration of CT and MR of the pelvis using chamfer matching (2002)

The aim of this work is to develop and test an automatic image registration method for CT and MR of the pelvis which does not require external landmarks, and works with MR slices in any orientation (e.g., axial, coronal and saggital). By combining chamfer matching with automatic segmentation methods, a fast (a few minutes) and accurate (about 2 mm) method for CT-MR registration is obtained. However, failures of the matching method due to local minima cannot always be avoided. In such cases, manual adjustment of the starting position is sufficient to obtain a good match.
Evidence for ground-state electron capture of $^{40}$K (2022)

Potassium-40 is a widespread isotope whose radioactivity impacts estimated geological ages spanning billions of years, nuclear structure theory, and subatomic rare-event searches - including those for dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. The decays of this long-lived isotope must be precisely known for its use as a geochronometer, and to account for its presence in low-background experiments. There are several known decay modes for $^{40}$K, but a predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed, while theoretical predictions span an order of magnitude. The KDK Collaboration reports on the first observation of this rare decay, obtained using a novel combination of a low-threshold X-ray detector surrounded by a tonne-scale, high-efficiency $γ$-ray tagger at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A blinded analysis reveals a distinctly nonzero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures ($I_{\text{EC}^0}$) over excited-state ones ($I_{\text{EC}^*}$) of $I_{\text{EC}^0} / I_{\text{EC}^*}=0.0095\stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm}0.0022\stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm}0.0010$ (68% CL), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4$σ$ [Stukel et al., DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503]. This unambiguous signal yields a branching ratio of $I_{\text{EC}^0}=0.098\%\stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm}0.023\%\stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm}0.010$, roughly half of the commonly used prediction. This first observation of a third-forbidden unique electron capture improves understanding of low-energy backgrounds in dark-matter searches and has implications for nuclear-structure calculations. A shell-model based theoretical estimate for the $0νββ$ decay half-life of calcium-48 is increased by a factor of $7^{+3}_{-2}$. Our nonzero measurement shifts geochronological ages by up to a percent; implications are illustrated for Earth and solar system chronologies.
The Effect of Walking on the Estimation of Breathing Pattern Parameters using Wearable Bioimpedance (2022)

Wearable bioimpedance is a technique proposed to estimate breathing parameters such as respiratory rate (RR). However, its potential application lies in clinical investigation of daily-life activities like walking. This study evaluated the effect of the walking interference on the estimation of breathing parameters. 50 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients performed static and active measurements during thoracic bioimpedance acquisition. The static measurements included respiratory airflow for reference. The active measurements were used to estimate the walking interference from bioimpedance, and the obtained signals were added to static measurements for comparison with the reference. Afterward, we applied four different preprocessing methods to remove this walking interference and the resulting signals were used to detect the respiratory cycles and estimate breathing parameters (inspiratory time, expiratory time, duty cycle, and RR). The methods performed differently in terms of accuracy and mean average percentage error (MAPE), showing the need for specific preprocessing for active measurements. Furthermore, the MAPE values in the RR estimation were close to 3 % indicating that breathing parameters can be accurately estimated during walking. Accordingly, the present study reinforces the applicability of wearable bioimpedance for respiratory monitoring. Clinical relevance- This study exhibits the suitability of wearable bioimpedance to estimate accurate breathing param-eters during walking activities.
Essential Regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase RNA: Separate Elements for Est1p and Est2p Interaction (2002)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA subunit is encoded by the TLC1 gene. A selection for viable alleles of TLC1 RNA from a large library of random deletion alleles revealed that less than half (approximately 0.5 kb of the approximately 1.3-kb RNA) is required for telomerase function in vivo. The main essential region (430 nucleotides), which contains the template for telomeric DNA synthesis, was required for coimmunoprecipitation with Est1p and Est2p. Furthermore, the subregion required for interaction with Est1p, the telomerase recruitment subunit, differed from those required for interaction with Est2p, the reverse transcriptase subunit. Two regions of the RNA distant from the template in the nucleotide sequence were required for Est2p binding, but the template itself was not. Having the RNA secured to the protein away from the template is proposed to facilitate the translocation of the RNA template through the active site. More generally, our results support a role for the telomerase RNA serving as a scaffold for binding key protein subunits.
New analysis tools and processes for mask repair verification and defect disposition based on AIMS images (2009)

Using AIMS<sup>TM</sup> to qualify repairs of defects on photomasks is an industry standard. AIMS<sup>TM</sup> images match the lithographic imaging performance without the need for wafer prints. Utilization of this capability by photomask manufacturers has risen due to the increased complexity of layouts incorporating RET and phase shift technologies. Tighter specifications by end-users have pushed AIMS<sup>TM</sup> analysis to now include CD performance results in addition to the traditional intensity performance results. Discussed is a new Repair Verification system for automated analysis of AIMS<sup>TM</sup> images. Newly designed user interfaces and algorithms guide users through predefined analysis routines as to minimize errors. There are two main routines discussed, one allowing multiple reference sites along with a test/defect site within a single image of repeating features. The second routine compares a test/defect measurement image with a reference measurement image. Three evaluation methods possible with the compared images are discussed in the context of providing thorough analysis capability. This paper highlights new functionality for AIMS<sup>TM</sup> analysis. Using structured analysis processes and innovative analysis tools leads to a highly efficient and more reliable result reporting of repair verification analysis.
Modélisation des pertes dans les aimants des multiplicateurs magnétiques pour l'éolien (2016)

International audience
10 &#x00B5;m fine pitch Cu/Sn micro-bumps for 3-D super-chip stack (2009)

We develop novel micro-bumping technology to realize small size, fine pitch and uniform height Cu/Sn bumps. Electroplated-evaporation bumping (EEB) technology, which is a combination of Cu electroplating and Sn evaporation, is developed to achieve uniform height of Cu/Sn bumps. We develop CMOS compatible dry etching processes for removing sputtered Cu/Ta layers to achieve small size and fine pitch Cu/Sn bump. 5 mum square and 10 mum pitch Cu/Sn micro-bumps are successfully fabricated for the first time. Bump height variation is 5 mum plusmn3 % (95%, 2sigma), which is uniform compared to electroplated Cu/Sn bumps. We evaluate micro-joining characteristics of Cu/Sn micro-bumps. Good I-V characteristics are measured from the daisy chain consisting of 1500 bumps with 10 mum square and 20 mum pitch. Resistance of Cu/Sn bump is 35 mOmega/bump, which is very low value compared to electroplated Cu/Sn bumps.
Continuous-time Bayesian modeling of clinical data (2004)

Inference from hospital patient records is difficult because data collection is done at arbitrary (not evenlyspaced) time intervals, and key clinical information is recorded only in unstructured form (as free text in doctors’ notes). We present remind, a framework for performing inference from patient records based upon continuous-time Markov models and Bayesian networks. We empirically justify the need for such a complex model. remind only uses easily-available domain knowledge which we obtain from physicians and medical literature, which may be inaccurate. We also demonstrate the robustness of our approach to parameter assignment.
Robust H/sub ∞/ output feedback control for nonlinear systems (1995)

In this paper we present a new approach to the solution of the output feedback robust H/sub /spl infin// control problem. We employ the recently developed concept of information state for output feedback dynamic games and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the solution to the robust control problem expressed in terms of the information state. The resulting controller is an information state feedback controller and is intrinsically infinite dimensional. Stability results are obtained using the theory of dissipative systems, and our results are expressed in terms of dissipation inequalities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Seeds from unthreshed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spikes have reduced field emergence compared with threshed seed regardless of cultivar (2011)

Seerey, N., Shirtliffe, S. J. and Hucl, P. 2011. Seeds from unthreshed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spikes have reduced field emergence compared with threshed seed regardless of cultivar. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 583–585. Five wheat cultivars were evaluated for their ability to emerge as volunteers from cereal spikes and threshed seed. Emergence monitoring of two sites found differences between timing and total volunteer emergence varying with cultivar, and shed seed form. Seeds from threshed seeds had greater emergence than those from unthreshed spikes. Because of these differences, future studies should utilize both threshed and un-threshed wheat spikes to determine seedbank persistence.