gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Relationship between Cut Angle of Substrate and Characteristics of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators with Shape-Controlled SiO2 (2012)

This study provides the relationship between cut angles of the rotated Y–X LiTaO3 (LT) substrate and characteristics of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators with shape-controlled SiO2 in the SiO2/Al/LT system. The 32–48° Y-cut of LT is well known as the leaky-SAW (LSAW) cut of LT. The propagation characteristics of an LSAW are affected by the surface condition of the substrate, and the optimum cut of LT should be determined with respect to such condition. In this study, we investigated the dependence of SAW resonator characteristics on the shape of SiO2 and on the cut angle of LT by simulation and experiment. The dependence of the reflection coefficient and coupling factor on the shape of SiO2 is not changed by the cut angle of LT, but the dependence of the quality factor (Q-factor) on the shape of SiO2 is changed by the cut angle of LT. Additionally, the dependence of the Q-factor on the cut angle at resonance frequency was different from that at antiresonance frequency. It was shown that LT with the rotation angle of 39–42° gives the optimal balance in this system.
Data from <i>GFPT2</i>-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment is recognized as a cancer hallmark. To identify new molecular processes associated with tumor metabolism, we analyzed the transcriptome of bulk and flow-sorted human primary non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) together with &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;FDG-PET scans, which provide a clinical measure of glucose uptake. Tumors with higher glucose uptake were functionally enriched for molecular processes associated with invasion in adenocarcinoma and cell growth in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Next, we identified genes correlated to glucose uptake that were predominately overexpressed in a single cell–type comprising the tumor microenvironment. For SCC, most of these genes were expressed by malignant cells, whereas in adenocarcinoma, they were predominately expressed by stromal cells, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Among these adenocarcinoma genes correlated to glucose uptake, we focused on glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (&lt;i&gt;GFPT2&lt;/i&gt;), which codes for the glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2 (GFAT2), a rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which is responsible for glycosylation. &lt;i&gt;GFPT2&lt;/i&gt; was predictive of glucose uptake independent of GLUT1, the primary glucose transporter, and was prognostically significant at both gene and protein level. We confirmed that normal fibroblasts transformed to CAF-like cells, following TGFβ treatment, upregulated HBP genes, including &lt;i&gt;GFPT2&lt;/i&gt;, with less change in genes driving glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycle. Our work provides new evidence of histology-specific tumor stromal properties associated with glucose uptake in NSCLC and identifies &lt;i&gt;GFPT2&lt;/i&gt; as a critical regulator of tumor metabolic reprogramming in adenocarcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings implicate the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway as a potential new therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(13); 3445–57. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Environmental acclimation of computing systems (2016)

Environmental acclimation is an important step in commissioning new IT equipment in data centers. Acclimation allows equipment that may have been packaged and shipped in a variety of environmental conditions to adjust to the new data center environment before being powered on. Proper acclimation also minimizes the risk of powering on a machine that may still be wet due to moisture condensation. However, acclimation requirements can vary significantly and be too conservative or too vague, leading to misunderstanding of the phenomena, its impact on the system and the time needed for a system to remain unpowered in the install environment.
Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy of Organic Counterions Bound to a Surfactant Monolayer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Vibrational Spectroscopy of Organic Counterions Bound to a Surfactant MonolayerDavid C. Duffy, Paul B. Davies, and Colin D. BainCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 41, 15241–15246Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100041a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100041a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Narrative review of generative adversarial networks in medical and molecular imaging (2021)

Recent years have witnessed a rapidly expanding use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical imaging. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are techniques to synthesize images based on artificial neural networks and deep learning. In addition to the flexibility and versatility inherent in deep learning on which the GANs are based, the potential problem-solving ability of the GANs has attracted attention and is being vigorously studied in the medical and molecular imaging fields. Here this narrative review provides a comprehensive overview for GANs and discuss their usefulness in medical and molecular imaging on the following topics: (I) data augmentation to increase training data for AI-based computer-aided diagnosis as a solution for the data-hungry nature of such training sets; (II) modality conversion to complement the shortcomings of a single modality that reflects certain physical measurement principles, such as from magnetic resonance (MR) to computed tomography (CT) images or vice versa; (III) de-noising to realize less injection and/or radiation dose for nuclear medicine and CT; (IV) image reconstruction for shortening MR acquisition time while maintaining high image quality; (V) super-resolution to produce a high-resolution image from low-resolution one; (VI) domain adaptation which utilizes knowledge such as supervised labels and annotations from a source domain to the target domain with no or insufficient knowledge; and (VII) image generation with disease severity and radiogenomics. GANs are promising tools for medical and molecular imaging. The progress of model architectures and their applications should continue to be noteworthy.
Hyperpolarization of Deuterated Metabolites via Remote Cross-Polarization and Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization B (2014)

In deuterated molecules such as [1-¹³C]pyruvate-d₃, the nuclear spin polarization of ¹³C nuclei can be enhanced by combining Hartmann–Hahn cross-polarization (CP) at low temperatures (1.2 K) with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP). The polarization is transferred from remote solvent protons to the ¹³C spins of interest. This allows one not only to slightly reduce build-up times but also to increase polarization levels and extend the lifetimes T₁(¹³C) of the enhanced ¹³C polarization during and after transfer from the polarizer to the NMR or MRI system. This extends time scales over which metabolic processes and chemical reactions can be monitored.
Generation and structure–property behavior of novel liquid crystalline foams produced via a gas supersaturation technique (1994)

Abstract Linear and star‐branched polyoxybenzoate–polyoxyphenoxybenzoate copolymers (POB‐ co ‐POPB) at a 65/35 molar ratio were synthesized via melt acidolysis using AB‐type monomers and branching agents. By controlling the molecular weight and topology of these polymers, both melt processability and solid‐state CO 2 gas absorption behavior were enhanced. POB–POPB copolymers with a molar ratio 65/35 showed a glass transition of 143°C and completion of melting at ca. 300°C. POB–POBP copolymers with a systematically increasing branching agent content showed a systematically decreasing peak intensity in wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, indicating that increasing branch‐point concentration leads to a decrease in liquid‐crystal ordering. Star‐branched POB–POPB copolymers showed greatly enhanced carbon dioxide gas absorption behavior relative to their linear counterparts. Whereas CO 2 blown foams of linear POB‐ co ‐POPB produced by the gas supersaturation technique had a relatively high density and showed highly anisotropic bubble growth, well‐defined, nearly isotropic foams of star‐branched POB‐ co ‐POPB with a mean cell size from 200 to 400 μ were made using the gas supersaturation technique. Structural features were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties were determined by indentation testing with a 0.25 in. ball indenter. These LCP foams exhibit relative mechanical properties similar to polystyrene and microcellular polycarbonate foams. A strong inverse relationship was noted between cell size and modulus for liquid crystalline foams with a cell size below 400 μm. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
13.1: Ocular OLED‐HMD with Simultaneous Eye‐Tracking (2006)

Abstract For a lot of HMD application it is desirable to know where the user is looking at. For this purpose an ocular OLED‐HMD system with collinear eye‐tracking was developed. A viewing angle of 36° is realized in combination with an eye‐tracker FOV of 20mm. The system is desired for medical applications.
ALS-Linked Mutations Enlarge TDP-43-Enriched Neuronal RNA Granules in the Dendritic Arbor (2014)

Trans-activating response region (TAR) DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is an RNA-binding protein that is mutated in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease-linked mutations in TDP-43 increase the tendency of TDP-43 to aggregate, leading to a corresponding increase in formation of stress granules, cytoplasmic protein/RNA complexes that form in response to stress. Although the field has focused on stress granules, TDP-43 also forms other types of RNA granules. For example, TDP-43 is associated with RNA granules that are prevalent throughout the dendritic arbor in neurons. Because aggregation of TDP-43 is also important for the formation of these neuronal RNA granules, we hypothesized that disease-linked mutations might alter granule formation even in the absence of stress. We now report that ALS-linked mutations in TDP-43 (A315T and Q343R) increase the size of neuronal TDP-43 granules in the dendritic arbor of rat hippocampal neurons. The mutations correspondingly reduce the granule density, movement, and mobility of TDP-43 granules. Depolarization of rat hippocampal neurons with KCl stimulates TDP-43 granule migration into dendrites, but A315T and Q343R TDP-43 granules migrate shorter distances and into fewer dendrites than wild-type TDP-43. These findings highlight novel elements of TDP-43 biology that are affected by disease-linked mutations and suggest a neuronally selective mechanism through which TDP-43 mutations might elicit neuronal dysfunction.
Basic Electro-Optics for Electrical Engineers (1998)

Geometric optics modulation transfer function radiometry sources of radiation detectors lasers.
The Production of Polyclonal Antibodies in Laboratory Animals. (1999)

This is the report of the thirty-fifth of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures which would enable it to become well-informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test development and validation, and the potential for the possible incorporation of alternative tests into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this would be best achieved by the organisation of ECVAM workshops on specific topics, at which small groups of invited experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward (1).
System-level performance of the MIMO-OFDM downlink with dense small cell overlays (2013)

Multi-tier heterogeneous networks based on MIMO-OFDM are a promising approach to enhance coverage and capacity in next generation cellular networks. We investigate the downlink performance of such a small cell deployment based on a system-level model of a 4G network. The parameters are based on 3GPPs latest long term evolution (LTE) standard. The co-existence of a set of Macrocells with a dense small cell deployment is modelled by using statistical channel models. Since all cells operate on the same frequency as in a single frequency network (SFN), the system is interference limited. First, the number of small cell nodes operated in a Macro cell-of-interest is increased, in order to evaluate the effect of small cell densification on the Macro cell as well as on the overall performance. Next, mechanisms are introduced which allow enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC). The trade-off by introducing such coordination techniques is shown by evaluating physical layer (PHY) system throughput results.
Synthesis of Cyclic Pyranopterin Monophosphate, a Biosynthetic Intermediate in the Molybdenum Cofactor Pathway (2013)

Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (1), isolated from bacterial culture, has previously been shown to be effective in restoring normal function of molybdenum enzymes in molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)-deficient mice and human patients. Described here is a synthesis of 1 hydrobromide (1·HBr) employing in the key step a Viscontini reaction between 2,5,6-triamino-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one dihydrochloride and D-galactose phenylhydrazone to give the pyranopterin (5aS,6R,7R,8R,9aR)-2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3H,4H,5H,5aH,6H,7H,8H,9aH,10H-pyrano[3,2-g]pteridin-4-one (10) and establishing all four stereocenters found in 1. Compound 10, characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography, was transformed through a selectively protected tri-tert-butoxycarbonylamino intermediate into a highly crystalline tetracyclic phosphate ester (15). The latter underwent a Swern oxidation and then deprotection to give 1·HBr. Synthesized 1·HBr had in vitro efficacy comparable to that of 1 of bacterial origin as demonstrated by its enzymatic conversion into mature MoCo and subsequent reconstitution of MoCo-free human sulfite oxidase-molybdenum domain yielding a fully active enzyme. The described synthesis has the potential for scale up.
Bi-Partitioning Based Multiplexer Network for Field-Data Extractors (2016)

An (M,N)-field-data extractor reads out any consecutive N bytes from an M-byte register by connecting its input/output using a multiplexer (MUX) network. It is used in packet analysis and/or stream data processing for video/audio data. In this letter, we propose an efficient MUX network for an (M,N)-field-data extractor. By bi-partitioning a simple MUX network into an upper one and a lower one, we can theoretically reduce the number of required MUXs without increasing the MUX network depth. Experimental results show that we can reduce the gate count by up to 92% compared to a naive approach.
Novel local liquid-core single-mode fiber for dispersion engineering using submicron tapered fiber (2007)

A capillary is threaded with a submicron-tapered-fiber and then stretched. The stretched capillary, serving as a new cladding, with submicron-tapered-fiber inside is infiltrated with optical liquid, acting as a new core, for novel dispersion engineering.
Evaluation of Pheromone Trap Design, Height, and Efficiency for Capture of MaleDiaphania nitidalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in a Field Cage (1991)

A field cage was used to study sex pheromone mediated behavior and evaluate female-baited pheromone traps for capture of males of the pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll). Males were attracted to females throughout scotophase with peak attraction occurring during the third (2200–2259 hours), fourth (2300–2359 hours), and fifth (0000–0059 hours) hours. Four traps were evaluated: (1) the box, currently used for monitoring pickleworm moth populations; (2) the Heliothis; (3) the Pherocon 1C (sticky); and (4) the unitrap (bucket). The bucket trap consistently captured and retained more male pickleworm moths than the other traps tested. The bucket trap was evaluated at 30, 80, 150, and 180 cm above ground level. Significantly more males were caught at 80 and 150 cm than at either extreme. Trap efficiency was determined for the bucket trap and a modified (Fluon-coated outer cone) bucket trap. Efficiencies for the bucket and modified bucket traps were not significantly different. The bucket trap caught 20.3 ± 1.2% ( |$\bar x$| ± SEM) of males orienting toward the trap, 29.3 ± 1.7% of males touching the trap, and 41.0 ± 3.3% of males landing on the caged females used as the pheromone source.
Linkage analysis in families with autosomal recessive limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and 6q probes flanking the dystrophin‐related sequence (1991)

The clinical similarity with the X-linked muscular dystrophies and the uniqueness of the homology between the DMD-like and the 1.8 kb sequences at the carboxyterminal domain of the dystrophin gene led to the suggestion that this 6q sequence might be a strong candidate for one of the autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies. Thus, we tested, through linkage analysis, if 6q probes flanking the dystrophin-homologous sequence are linked to the gene responsible for limb-girdle dystrophy (LGMD). A total of 226 individuals (57 patients and 169 unaffected relatives) from 19 large unrelated Brazilian families was studied. Results of two-point analysis excluded linkage with MYB (6q22-23) and ESR (6q24-q27) at 8 = 0.10 and with TCP1 (6q25-q27) at 0 = 0.05, indicating that the LGMD gene is not in the 6q23-q27 region. Therefore, the dystrophin-homologue sequence is not the gene responsible for LGMD.
Biodiversity of the Surface Microbial Consortia from Limburger, Reblochon, Livarot, Tilsit, and Gubbeen Cheeses (2014)

About 145,000 metric tons of smear-ripened cheeses are made in Europe, mainly in France, Belgium, Austria, and Germany. Although relatively small in quantity compared with total European cheese production of almost 9 million metric tons, this amount is important because of the large number of varieties of smear cheeses made, each with its own distinctive flavor, e.g., Port Salut, Pont-l'Évêque, Munster, Vacherin Mont-d'Or, and Taleggio. Smear cheeses are characterized by the development of microbial consortia on the cheese surface early in ripening, composed of yeast and bacteria, which give some of the cheeses (the so-called red smear cheeses) their characteristic red or orange glistening color. This is a direct result of ripening the cheeses at relatively high temperatures (−14°C) and high relative humidities (>95%), conditions which promote the growth of microorganisms present on the cheese surface. The red or orange color which develops on the surface of many smear cheeses during ripening is due to the production of pigments by the yeast and bacteria growing on the surface. The biochemical activity of the yeast and bacteria are mainly responsible for flavor development in these cheeses. Like every cheese made, smear cheeses also contain high numbers of starter and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but these are found throughout the cheese and are not considered further here.
Signalling Cross Talk of the HIF System: Involvement of the FIH Protein (2009)

Cellular and systemic oxygen homeostasis is regulated by an oxygen-sensitive signalling pathway centred on a transcription factor known as Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF). Regulation of HIF activity and protein stability is mediated by a family of hydroxylases that act as oxygen sensors due to the dependence of the hydroxylation reaction on oxygen. The transcriptional activity of HIF is at least in part determined by asparaginyl hydroxylation by Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) of a C-terminal residue that regulates co-activator recruitment. The activity of FIH on HIF is limiting; emerging data suggest this may be due to competition from a large family of alternative FIH substrates that act as a 'sink' for FIH activity. These alternative substrates are targeted for hydroxylation at conserved Asn residues within a protein interaction domain known as the Ankyrin Repeat Domain (ARD). Many ARD-containing proteins bind to FIH more tightly than does HIF. Furthermore, ARD proteins are common within the proteome and in some cases are highly abundant. Since ARD substrates bind to FIH in a similar manner to HIF it is thought that these properties of the ARD family lead to competitive inhibition of FIH-dependent HIF hydroxylation. We summarise the current literature here and discuss the possible role of cross-talk between the FIH, HIF and ARD systems in fine tuning hypoxia responses.
Low Threshold Voltage and Carrier Injection Properties of Inverted Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) Cathode and Cu2−xSe Anode (2009)

Carrier injection properties including threshold voltages of inverted top-emission organic light-emitting diodes (ITOLED) were improved by applying room temperature stable electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) (C12A7:e−), which has a low work function of ∼2.4 eV, and a p-type degenerated semiconductor Cu2−xSe to bottom cathode and top anode buffer layers, respectively. The formation of a low-barrier electron injection contact between C12A7:e− and tris(8-hydroxyqunoline)aluminum (Alq3) is demonstrated by the current−voltage characteristics of electron-only devices, as well as by photoelectron spectroscopy. The threshold voltage of the ITOLED is reduced by changing the bottom cathode from Al to C12A7:e− from 9 to 7.6 V at 10 mA cm−2. A 5 nm thick Cu2−xSe top anode buffer layer, deposited at room temperature, reduced the threshold voltage further to ∼2 V. The luminance efficiency of ITOLED with a Cu2−xSe buffer layer is nearly twice as large as that without the buffer layer. We emphasize that developing new electrode materials is an effective means to improve the performance of not only OLED but also other new optoelectronic devices.