gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving SIMO-Regulated Digital SoC Energy Efficiencies Through Adaptive Clocking and Concurrent Domain Control (2021)

Single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) voltage regulators allow multiple voltage domains to share a single inductor, thus representing a domain-scalable approach to energy-efficient integrated voltage regulation (IVR). However, poor transient response and significant supply voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V_{{\mathrm {dd}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) ripple in SIMO regulators induce severe voltage margins. This article quantifies the prohibitive energy-efficiency impact of these margins and proposes two techniques to address them: dynamic droop allocation (DDA) through concurrent domain- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V_{{\mathrm {dd}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> control and adaptive clocking using the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UniCap</i> architecture. We demonstrate the effectiveness of both techniques on an integrated four-domain SIMO system on chip (SoC) in 65-nm CMOS. Measurements indicate that, compared to conventional SIMO implementations, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V_{{\mathrm {dd}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> guardband reductions obtained by UniCaP (98%) and DDA (40%) reduce total system power draw by 53% and 31% respectively.
Flat metamaterial antenna with dual-circular-polarization at the &#x2212;1st-order-resonance mode, applicable to reconfigurable RF systems (2013)

In this paper, a novel compact and dual-circular-polarized antenna is proposed. To be physically small, the electromagnetic wave is radiated at the -1st-order resonance mode of a planar composite right- and left-handed(CRLH) antenna, instead of the +1st resonance mode. To enable two circular polarizations in one structure, the orthogonal coaxial feed points for the 90°-angular difference are decided at the -1st resonance mode, and connected to the output ports of a hybrid branch-line coupler for 90°-phase difference. The functional block diagram is given, and is followed by the steps of full-wave simulations for design and the performance is verified by the measurement of the fabricated antenna with the test frequency of the 2.37-2.40 GHz band. The LHCP and RHCP will be observed with good inter-polarization isolation and axial ratio, and the applicability to a compact reconfigurable RF device will be considered.
3D Display Calibration by Visual Pattern Analysis (2017)

Nearly all 3D displays need calibration for correct rendering. More often than not, the optical elements in a 3D display are misaligned from the designed parameter setting. As a result, 3D magic does not perform well as intended. The observed images tend to get distorted. In this paper, we propose a novel display calibration method to fix the situation. In our method, a pattern image is displayed on the panel and a camera takes its pictures twice at different positions. Then, based on a quantitative model, we extract all display parameters (i.e., pitch, slanted angle, gap or thickness, and offset) from the observed patterns in the captured images. For high accuracy and robustness, our method analyzes the patterns mostly in the frequency domain. We conduct two types of experiments for validation; one with optical simulation for quantitative results and the other with real-life displays for qualitative assessment. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is quite accurate, about a half order of magnitude higher than prior work; is efficient, spending less than 2s for computation; and is robust to noise, working well in the SNR regime as low as 6dB.
Modulation of brain network recruitment caused by STN DBS and L-DOPA in parkinsonian rats (2019)

The unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) is often used to study pathomechanisms and therapeutic effects such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). We established an implantable DBS system to analyse DBS and/or L-DOPA effects on motor behaviour and on cerebral metabolic patterns.
The Biomechanics of Throwing (2014)

The majority of shoulder injuries occur due to repetitive overhead movements, with baseball pitching being the most common mechanism for overuse injury. Before studying the treatment of these shoulder injuries, it is paramount that the health professional have an understanding of the etiology of and the underlying mechanisms for shoulder pathology. The act of overhead throwing is an eloquent full-body motion that requires tremendous coordination from the time of force generation to follow-through. The shoulder complex is a crucial component of the upper body kinetic chain as it transmits force created in the lower body to the arm and hand to produce velocity and accuracy with ball release. The focus of this article is on the biomechanics of the throwing motion, with emphasis on the kinematics of the shoulder. The established phases of the throwing motion will be reviewed in a stepwise manner and the contributions of osseous and soft-tissue structures to the successful completion of each phase will be discussed.
On the magnetic ordering in interleaved Fe(3 ML)/V(yML)/Fe(2 ML)/V(yML) superlattices (2002)

The magnetic properties of superlattice films with alternating Fe thicknesses, Fe(3 ML)/V(y ML)/Fe(2 ML)/V(y ML) with 4 ≤ y ≤ 15, prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on MgO(001) substrates are studied by superconducting quantum interference device measurements. By investigating the basic magnetic observables of the films: the transition temperature Tc, the magnetic remanence Mr, and the saturation field Hs, which change in a correlated manner as a function of the vanadium spacer thickness, y, we find antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling in Fe(3 ML)/V(y ML)/Fe(2 ML)/V(y ML) for 9 < y < 11. The derived values of the spin wave parameter B and the ground state magnetic moment ms0 also change synchronously with Tc, Mr, and Hs. The peak of the AFM coupling energy per unit area, I, is estimated to be ≈ 0.06 mJ m−2 using the Hs versus y dependence.
Solving Multi-Arm Bandit Using a Few Bits of Communication (2021)

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is an active learning framework that aims to select the best among a set of actions by sequentially observing rewards. Recently, it has become popular for a number of applications over wireless networks, where communication constraints can form a bottleneck. Existing works usually fail to address this issue and can become infeasible in certain applications. In this paper we address the communication problem by optimizing the communication of rewards collected by distributed agents. By providing nearly matching upper and lower bounds, we tightly characterize the number of bits needed per reward for the learner to accurately learn without suffering additional regret. In particular, we establish a generic reward quantization algorithm, QuBan, that can be applied on top of any (no-regret) MAB algorithm to form a new communication-efficient counterpart, that requires only a few (as low as 3) bits to be sent per iteration while preserving the same regret bound. Our lower bound is established via constructing hard instances from a subgaussian distribution. Our theory is further corroborated by numerically experiments.
A novel approach to water proton relaxation in paramagnetic ion-macromolecule complexes (1977)

The use of the proton relaxation enhancement (PRE) technique in solutions of macromolecules and paramagnetic ions to obtain information on molecular motion and ion-hydration numbers can be hazardous with the possibility of large errors in the derived parameters. Here we describe a method based on solvent proton-deuteron comparative relaxation measurements at a limited number of different magnetic fields for obtaining, reasonably accurately, rapidly, and unambiguously, certain of the parameters normally obtained from a PRE study. In the non-immune rabbit immunoglobulin G(IgG)-Gd(iii) system, we are able to obtain values for the ion hydration number (q), the residence lifetime of water molecules in the hydration sphere of the ion (tauM) and a correlation time of 5 ns, which can be associated to a large part with a rotational correlation time (tauR) for the Fc portion (C-terminal half of heavy-chain dimer) of the IgG molecule. This shows that there is a rapid internal motion in the Fc region. The limitations and possible applications of the method are discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION ON ANISOTROPIC THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR BIG AREA ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING WITH POLYMERS (2023)

Additive manufacturing with polymers has been used mainly for prototyping. A recent development of Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has opened its applications in the mold and die industry. A numerical simulation and prediction for a mold heating performance requires accurate anisotropic thermal properties of the printed material, which are challenging to obtain, and often requires the use of multiple techniques. The transient plane source (TPS) technique has been widely used due to its ability to measure the thermal properties of an extensive range of materials (solids, liquids, powder). Despite the capability to characterize thermal conductivity k of isotropic and anisotropic materials, the measurements of latter materials are limited to the cases, where the samples have the same thermal conductivity k along x- and y-axis that form the radial plane. In this work, the method for a characterization of k in all three dimensions is developed, and the application of TPS is extended to the determination of thermal properties along the x-, y-, and z-axis individually. The materials are represented by additively manufactured polymers including polylactic acid (PLA) and styrene maleic anhydride (SMA). The developed method consists of (1) a determination of the heat capacity of the polymers by means of TPS in combination with the developed in this work data analysis procedure, (2) a machining three types of cylindrical samples from the same material, with the height corresponding either to x-, y-, or z-direction of printing, and (3) a determination of axial thermal conductivity employing anisotropic model and using previously determined heat capacity
Multiomics Characterization of Preterm Birth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2020)

This study found that, in LMICs and high PTB settings, major biological adaptations during term pregnancy follow a generalizable model and the predictive accuracy for PTB was augmented by combining various omics data sets, suggesting that PTB is a condition that manifests within multiple biological systems. These data sets, with machine learning partnerships, may be a key step in developing valuable predictive tests and intervention candidates for preventing PTB.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Quantifying Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, with Application to Multiple Sclerosis (S45.006) (2016)

Objective: To compare the performance of two methods for detecting enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Background: The gold standard for detecting blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption clinically has been visual inspection of a static post contrast T1-weighted MRI. Dynamic T1-weighted MRI sequences are able to quantitatively assess BBB permeability, however T1-weighted approaches are lengthy and seldom used in clinical practice. Dynamic T2*-weighted images can be acquired rapidly and are commonly acquired for clinical purposes. T2* images also have some T1 weighting as well, which can be extracted and used for BBB permeability imaging. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 9 patients with multiple sclerosis identified as having enhancing lesions on T1 post-contrast imaging who also underwent MRI scanning with a 5-minute dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast (deDSC) sequence on a 3-tesla scanner (Siemens Skyra) were included in the analysis. deDSC allows for quantitative T1 measurements, which were used to generate the permeability measure Ktrans. Each individual echo can also be used to generate a relative measure of permeability called K2. The mean and median Ktrans, K2echo1, and K2echo2 where calculated for each of the 9 enhancing lesions as well as 9 non-enhancing lesions. Receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the methods. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC analysis ranged from 0.58 to 0.76, with the best performer being K2echo2. For all methods, specificity was higher than sensitivity. Conclusions: Dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast scanning is a clinically feasible approach for quantification of BBB changes in multiple sclerosis. When using single-echo T2*-weighted imaging to do permeability analysis, longer echo times will likely perform better than shorter echo times.
Alternative metals for advanced interconnects (2014)

We discuss the selection criteria for alternative metals in order to fulfill the requirements necessary for interconnects at half pitch values below 10 nm. The performance of scaled interconnects using transition metal germanides and CoAl alloys as metallization are studied and compared to conventional Cu and W interconnects.
Interfacial Reaction of TiN/HfSiON Gate Stack in High-Temperature Annealing for Gate-First Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2007)

The interfacial reaction of a TiN/HfSiON/SiO2 gate stack in high-temperature annealing was investigated from the viewpoint of the redistribution of the elements of gate stack materials. Oxygen incorporation enhanced the redistribution of the elements not only of the dielectric film of HfSiON/SiO2 but also of the gate electrode film of TiN. Oxygen incorporation in high-temperature annealing enhances the partial release of Hf, N, and Si from HfSiON or the disassembly of the HfSiON film, which leads to an increase in the equivalent-oxide thickness (EOT). The EOT increase can be determined by the combination of the decrease in the HfSiON film caused by the Hf and N release from HfSiON and the increase in the interfacial layer created by the oxidation of the Si substrate surface by the penetrating oxygen. It is also found that Ti diffused from the TiN into the interfacial layer through the HfSiON/SiO2. The suppression of oxygen incorporation is a key technique in the high-temperature annealing of metal/high-k gate stacks.
Chiral‐at‐Metal Octahedral Iridium Catalyst for the Asymmetric Construction of an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter (2013)

Metal-templated organocatalysis: The enantioselective formation of an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter is catalyzed by the ligand sphere of an inert bis-cyclometalated iridium complex (see picture). In this complex, the metal-centered chirality serves as the sole source for the effective asymmetric induction. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Therapeutic OX40 Agonist Dynamically Alters Dendritic, Endothelial, and T Cell Subsets within the Established Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from A Therapeutic OX40 Agonist Dynamically Alters Dendritic, Endothelial, and T Cell Subsets within the Established Tumor Microenvironment
TANTALUM (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTTANTALUMRICHARD R. SCHROCKView Author Information MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 36, 140Publication Date (Print):September 8, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 8 September 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p140Copyright © 2003 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (757 KB) SUBJECTS:Tantalum Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Cyclization via Zirconocene‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Olefin Allylation. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-Frequency Acoustic Radiation from Free-Flooded Ring Transducers Driven through the Circumference, Thickness, or Height (1974)

The normal velocity distribution of the surface of a free-flooded ring transducer completely determines its radiation characteristics in a given medium. The SHIP program is an algorithm for rapidly predicting the radiation characteristics of a free-flooded ring when the known surface velocity distribution is axisymmetric. The character of the radiation at low frequencies is extremely sensitive to the details of the velocity distribution which, in turn, depends not only on the geometry of the ring, but also on the manner in which the ring is driven and on the electromechanical parameters of the ring material. Gross differences in the directivity patterns predicted for different drive conditions occur at frequencies well below the first radial resonance for typical rings. Directivity patterns were obtained for a number of rings fabricated for different commonly encountered drive conditions (circumference, thickness, or height) and compared with patterns predicted by the SHIP program using simple models for the velocity distribution appropriate to each drive. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and predicted directivity patterns.
Challenges and limits of upconversion nanoparticles for cationic photopolymerization with UV initiators excited at 980 nm (2022)

Upconversion nanoparticles ( UCNP s) with various modifications around the NaYF 4 :Tm/Yb core served as a source for generating UV light upon excitation with laser light at 980 nm resulting in initiation of cationic photopolymerization.
On-chip frequency-dependent inductor for multi-band circuit designs (2010)

A millimeter wave (MMW) on-chip passive frequency-dependent inductor is described with different designed inductance values targeted at different frequency ranges using one device. The proposed frequency-dependent inductor design allows the optimization of multi-band impedance matching for MMW analog circuit designs with a single all-passive on-chip device. This device uses low-loss natural capacitors and multiple capacitively loaded ground return lines to provide MMW frequency-dependent effective device inductance. No on-chip switches are required in the proposed inductor design and it can allow circuit size reduction by allowing a single inductor to target different frequency ranges. Simulated inductance values in a 130 nm BiCMOS technology show a 61% change in inductance is possible between two frequency ranges: f <; 25 GHz, and f > 48 GHz. The proposed frequency-dependent inductor design has also been designed and measured in a 45 nm CMOS process. Measured results show that the use of multiple capacitively loaded ground return lines is effective in creating an on-chip MMW frequency-dependent inductor.
Supplementary Table S1 from Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i>–Knockin Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 shows results of treatment with cemiplimab and REGN3767 in in vivo tumor model&lt;/p&gt;
Recyclable cellulose-palladium nanoparticles for clean cross-coupling chemistry (2018)

Cheap, recyclable, and robust cellulose-palladium nanoparticles were developed and fully characterized by FTIR, TEM, XPS, TGA, and NMR. The nanoparticles enabled cross-coupling chemistry in a truly general fashion i.e., Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira, and C-H activation. Notably, all types of transformations were achieved with a single type of nanocatalyst. Complete recyclability of the catalyst and low traces of palladium in the product demonstrates the greenness of the protocol.
Pristine and Hybrid Nickel Nanowires: Template-, Magnetic Field-, and Surfactant-Free Wet Chemical Synthesis and Raman Studies (2011)

Nickel nanowires of high purity and various aspect ratios were synthesized by a wet chemical reduction method without the assistance of surfactants, templates, and external magnetic field. The observed unique optical absorption features of nickel nanowires are highly dependent on the nanowire dimensions. In order to tailor the physical and chemical properties of the nanowires, we have incorporated functionalities in the form of tellurium and zinc oxide coating on them by overgrowth processes using simple wet chemical reactions. The pristine and functional nanowires were characterized by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal Raman microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and UV−visible spectroscopy. Our system provides additional details into the growth of anisotropic Ni nanowires, especially in the absence of surfactants, templates, and external magnetic field. We have also demonstrated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of the Ni nanowires using crystal violet as the probe molecule.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Rationale and Preclinical Efficacy of a Novel Anti-EMP2 Antibody for the Treatment of Invasive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 68K, Supplementary Materials and Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Environmental Behavior of Low Thermal Expansion Inconel Alloy 783 (2004)

Marine turbine engine applications, particularly on military aircraft, require resistance to chloride-assisted corrosion. The deposition of salt onto turbine components from the environment may occur through either intake air ingestion or atmospheric exposure while the engine is idle. Salt deposited while the engine is not operating can result in alloy degradation in some alloy systems. In addition, rapid heating during take-off and climb mission segments can result in significantly more additional cyclic degradation in the presence of salt. Alloys with insufficient corrosion resistance are often subjected to coating processes, such as pack chromiding, to impart improved chloride corrosion resistance.