gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver electroceutical technology to treat sarcopenia (2023)

While the world is rapidly transforming into a superaging society, pharmaceutical approaches to treat sarcopenia have hitherto not been successful due to their insufficient efficacy and failure to specifically target skeletal muscle cells (skMCs). Although electrical stimulation (ES) is emerging as an alternative intervention, its efficacy toward treating sarcopenia remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate a silver electroceutical technology with the potential to treat sarcopenia. First, we developed a high-throughput ES screening platform that can simultaneously stimulate 15 independent conditions, while utilizing only a small number of human-derived primary aged/young skMCs (hAskMC/hYskMC). The in vitro screening showed that specific ES conditions induced hypertrophy and rejuvenation in hAskMCs, and the optimal ES frequency in hAskMCs was different from that in hYskMCs. When applied to aged mice in vivo, specific ES conditions improved the prevalence and thickness of Type IIA fibers, along with biomechanical attributes, toward a younger skMC phenotype. This study is expected to pave the way toward an electroceutical treatment for sarcopenia with minimal side effects and help realize personalized bioelectronic medicine.
Distributed weather sensing incentivization (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Short-term weather forecasting, i.e., nowcasting, is an important area of research, with application to logistics, insurance, and environmental and social governance. More accurate forecasting is required to achieve nowcasting, which implies the need for improvement in either the acquisition of weather data or the development of better forecasting algorithms. While much of the literature focuses on algorithmic improvements, we consider how one may incentivize better data acquisition. Our idea is to implement a market-based incentive scheme that rewards meteorological data acquisition in proportion to how useful that data is in improving weather forecasts.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Our scheme incentivizes optimal placement of meteorological sensors by issuing blockchain-backed digital currency in direct proportion to the sensitivity of the weather forecast to raw data inputs. The scheme consists of an algorithm whose outputs are weather forecasts and whose inputs are data from weather sensors. The algorithm issues digital tokens in direct proportion to the sensitivity of outputs, i.e., the errors in forecasting, to inputs, i.e., sensor data. The issuance has the effects of incentivizing better sensor placement and improved sensor quality. Placement is incentivized because poor placement results in a lower forecast sensitivity; for example, this could happen due to placement near a non-representative microclimate, causing an aberration, or near another, well-placed sensor, resulting in redundancy. Quality is incentivized because higher certainty results in higher forecast sensitivity. With improved sensor placement and quality, the scheme therefore incentivizes better weather forecasts.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The incentivization therefore encourages better data assimilation and data availability and also enables the development of solutions that encourage better forecasting with market mechanisms. For example, a digital token may be traded between market participants and tokens may be issued by some authority to incentivize improved data acquisition. This latter example can be extended to a situation where an authority seeks to improve data acquisition in an area with low monitoring frequency, such as the world's oceans.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We present the results of a demonstration performed using a network of three Intellisense weather stations with forecasts based on a modification of the NAM&amp;amp;#8209;NMM, performing nowcasts for locations in Torrance, California. The model was implemented in an oracle that performs forecasts and uses the results of the forecasts to issue rewards on the Solana blockchain testnet. The three weather stations were place in two different locations, with the two sensors placed in the same location having different update frequencies, resulting in higher uncertainty in the data coming from the lower-fidelity sensor. The two sensors in the same location cannibalize each other's earnings, and the higher-fidelity sensor is rewarded with the larger share of earnings.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Electron Self-Exchange Dynamics of an Iron Bipyridine Complex Redox Polyether Hybrid in Its Room Temperature Melt (1996)

The derivatization of metal−tris(2,2‘-bipyridine) complexes with oligo(ethylene glycol) tails produces ionically-conductive room-temperature melts in which appreciable concentrations of lithium electrolytes dissolve. Charge transport rates in these redox polyether hybrids, in the undiluted state, have been investigated using microelectrode solid state voltammetry. In the ligand bpy(CO2MPEG350)2, MPEG350 is −(CH2CH2O)7CH3. The apparent diffusion coefficient, DAPP, for the oxidation of [Fe(bpy(CO2MPEG350)2)3](ClO4)2 is ca. 103 larger than that for [Co(bpy(CO2MPEG350)2)3](ClO4)2. This difference is ascribed to transport dominated in the former by electron self-exchange reactions between adjacent Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes. The very slow physical self-diffusivity in these metal complex melts, measured by the Co(III/II) reaction, provides an opportunity to assess the effect of electron donor/acceptor concentration on electron self-exchange dynamics in a semisolid matrix. Various models have been described for the site concentration dependency of charge transport in redox polymers, including ion association, electron migration, and percolation. This study examines the effects of changing redox site concentration on DAPP by diluting [Fe(bpy(CO2MPEG350)2)3](ClO4)2 isostructurally with the analogous Co and Ni complexes, and interprets the results in the context of the previous models.
High Resolution Fluorescent <em>In Situ</em> Hybridization in <em>Drosophila</em> Embryos and Tissues Using Tyramide Signal Amplification (2017)

In our efforts to determine the patterns of expression and subcellular localization of Drosophila RNAs on a genome-wide basis, and in a variety of tissues, we have developed numerous modifications and improvements to our original fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol. To facilitate throughput and cost effectiveness, all steps, from probe generation to signal detection, are performed using exon 96-well microtiter plates. Digoxygenin (DIG)-labelled antisense RNA probes are produced using either cDNA clones or genomic DNA as templates. After tissue fixation and permeabilization, probes are hybridized to transcripts of interest and then detected using a succession of anti-DIG antibody conjugated to biotin, streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fluorescently conjugated tyramide, which in the presence of HRP, produces a highly reactive intermediate that binds to electron dense regions of immediately adjacent proteins. These amplification and localization steps produce a robust and highly localized signal that facilitates both cellular and subcellular transcript localization. The protocols provided have been optimized to produce highly specific signals in a variety of tissues and developmental stages. References are also provided for additional variations that allow the simultaneous detection of multiple transcripts, or transcripts and proteins, at the same time.
Low Cost Multilateral on Gullfaks (2005)

Abstract Gullfaks is a typical mature field where cost efficient solutions need to be in focus. There is also the challenge that old wells produce at low rates, but nevertheless at rates not drastically lower than those that an alternative use of the slot can deliver. One solution to this challenge is to maintain production from the old well while simultaneously gaining inexpensive access to new a drainage point(s). B-1A on the Gullfaks field was drilled and completed in January 2003 using hollow whipstock technology. The operation was a technical success which proved that Multilateral (MLT) solutions can be delivered at costs only marginally above those of a conventional sidetrack. To further enhance the value of the slot, a second through tubing MLT lateral was added in January 2005. The key considerations during the planning phase were proven solutions, cheap technology and low risk. This paper illustrates the decision process prior to choosing this particular technology, the installation process itself, the lessons learned and the strategy which may be applied in the future.
Phasor-assisted automated topology processing for state estimators (2013)

This article provides a robust network topology processor for state estimators that utilizes both conventional and/or PMU measurements. The emphasis is on the involvement of PMU measurements in topology processing. Building on top of the state of the art, an algorithm is proposed in a way to cover the limitations of current approaches and at the same time to suggest new features. The topology processor was coded in MATLAB and is tested using a modified version of the IEEE Reliability Test System 1996. The topology processor is intended to provide network topologies to PMU-only sate estimators, so the test system is simulated in real-time using the eMegaSim Opal-RT real-time simulator that generates synthetic data mimicking a real PMU. Different test scenarios are carried out and the topology processor efficiency and robustness is verified by the test results. Specifically, it is testified through a discussion that the proposed method is fast enough to support PMU-only state estimators, as well as conventional or phasor-assisted state estimators.
Supplemental Table 3 from Shifting the Balance of Activating and Inhibitory Natural Killer Receptor Ligands on <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> Melanoma Lines with Vemurafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mutational profile of the BRAF non mutated melanoma cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Investigation of Strong Metallic Ta Reduction in ZrO2/Ta2O5 Multi-Laminate Layer Growth (2014)

Thin ZrO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 multi-laminate layer of ~10 nm was grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) method and it was discussed about the metallic Ta reduction at the interface between ZrO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 . Metallic Ta 4f 7/2 peak was observed inside of the layer from the result of XPS analysis and it is thought that strong metallic Ta reduction was happened between Ta 2 O 5 and as-coming Zr source (or ZrO 2 ). Also, these results were supported by the Gibbs free energy calculations.
Targeted-Tracking With Pointing Devices (2015)

Targeting and tracking in graphical user interfaces have been widely studied, but attempts to model targeted-tracking are few. Targeted-tracking is essentially a two component task of tracking followed by targeting, where either or both components may dominate depending on the levels of difficulty in each component. The applicability of an empirical model based on computer mouse use is unknown with respect to other devices. In order to confirm the model validity for other input devices, experiments were carried out using a mouse, a pen mouse, a touch screen, and a graphics tablet. Fourteen participants were tested on 48 experimental conditions that included four difficulty levels and 12 conditions with varying track width (P), track length (D), and target width (W). Movement time, error rate, index of performance, and throughput were compared. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that factors in the targeted-tracking model were significant (ρ <; 0.05) and movement time data were a good fit (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> > 0.8) to the model, confirming the generality of the model. A principal component analysis showed that a mouse is relatively superior in terms of both movement time and error rate. Thus, the targeted-tracking model is an effective way to compare and evaluate input devices.
Prenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome (1998)

Apert syndrome (AS) is clinically characterized by typical facial features and symmetrical syndactyly of the digits. AS is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recently, a fibroblast growth factor receptors 2 (FGFR2) mutation, either C934G or C937G, was identified in exon IIIa. Our report documents an affected mother and son in whom one of the two mutations in AS had occurred sporadically in the mother. The diagnosed of AS was based on associated abnormal physical features and on molecular genetic analysis. A C-to-G transversion at position 937 of the cDNA resulting in a proline-to-arginine substitution at codon 259 was found in the mother. In her second pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis by both restriction analysis and direct sequencing was undertaken and this showed that the female fetus had not inherited the mutation.
Solar fuel synthesis based on colloidal and particulate semiconductors. Annual report, 1 August 1983-31 July 1984 (1984)

The properties of a new and very active oxygen-evolving dimeric complex L2(H2O)Ru-O-Ru(H2O))L2 (where L = 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate) were scrutinized. Stable and very reactive H2-evolving photosystems based on the linear-chain complex (Pt(bpy)2)(Pt(CN)4) were characterized. The scale-up of one photosystem produced significant quantities of gas. The pathway of room temperature methanation of CO2 on TiO2-supported mixed Ru/RuO2 catalyst was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The same material was found to enhance drastically the Boudard disproportionation and the conversion of NO and CO to CO2 and N2O. A MoO3/TiO2 catalyst was discovered that displays high activity in the photoactivation of methane at 40 deg C. An efficient room temperature photocatalyst Pt(bpy)-TiO2 was also discovered for selectively oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde, a valuable chemical feedstock. An unprecedented light-to-current conversion efficiency of 91% was achieved in sensitizing fractal-type semiconductor oxide films. Regenerative photoelectrochemical cells based on Al-doped anatase films and the Br(1-)/Br2 redox couple were scaled up to 32 sq cm surface area. An open-circuit voltage of 1.05 V, a fill factor of 73% and a polychromatic light-to-power conversion efficiency of 3.5% were obtained with the system.
JTF Web-Enabled Faculty and Student Tools for More Effective Teaching and Learning Through Two-Way, Frequent Formative Feedback (2020)

He teaches in the areas of bridging engineering and education, capstone design, and introductory materials science and engineering. His research interests include strategies for web-based teaching and learning, misconceptions and their repair, and role of formative feedback on conceptual
Kinetic fingerprints differentiate anti-Aβ therapies (2019)

The amyloid cascade hypothesis, according to which the self-assembly of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a causative process in Alzheimer’s disease, has driven many therapeutic efforts for the past 20 years. Failures of clinical trials investigating Aβ-targeted therapies have been interpreted as evidence against this hypothesis, irrespective of the characteristics and mechanisms of action of the therapeutic agents, which are highly challenging to assess. We bring together kinetic analysis with quantitative binding measurements to address the mechanisms of action of four clinical stage anti-Aβ antibodies, aducanumab, gantenerumab, bapineuzumab and solanezumab. We reveal and quantify the striking differences of these antibodies on the aggregation kinetics and on the production of oligomeric aggregates, and link these effects to the affinity and stoichiometry of each antibody for monomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ. Our results uncover that, uniquely amongst these four antibodies, aducanumab dramatically reduces the flux of oligomeric forms of Aβ.
Unique Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate for the Study of Arsenic Speciation and Detection (2018)

In this study, a three-dimensional surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate comprised of silver coated gold nanorods (Ag/AuNRs) decorated on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers has been applied, for the first time, to quantitative analytical measurements on various arsenic species: p-arsanilic acid ( pAsA), roxarsone (Rox), and arsenate (As<sup>V</sup>), with a demonstrated sensitivity below 5 ppb. As<sup>V</sup> detection in a solution of common salt ions has been demonstrated, showing the tolerance of the substrate to more complex environments. pAsA adsorption behavior on the substrate surface has been investigated in detail using these unique SERS substrates. Calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) support the spectral observation for pAsA. This substrate also has been shown to serve as a platform for in situ studies of arsenic desorption and reduction. This SERS substrate is potentially an excellent environmental sensor for both fundamental studies and practical applications.
Superfluid Helium as a Dark Matter Detector (1988)

The properties of liquid helium-four at temperatures in the vicinity of 100 mK suggest that it might be a suitable medium from which to construct a detector for certain types of dark matter. Among these properties are freedom from contaminants producing background and a high multiplicity of carriers (rotons) produced in energy deposition. It is suggested that there are processes available in helium which may permit discrimination between recoil nuclei and electrons of equal energy deposit. 19 refs., 5 figs.
Modifying weber fraction law to postprocessing and edge detection applications (2008)

A postprocessing scheme is proposed to enhance compressed images. The main objective is to obtain improvements that are pertinent to the properties of human visual system. The proposed scheme implements Weber fraction (also called contrast sensitivity) to enhance the appearance of the current block by incorporating information from adjacent blocks. The ratio DeltaI/I is found between the mean of a line of pixels in the current block and two points, each resides on the boundary of an adjacent block, that are the continuation of the chosen line. To avoid biasing toward low intensity values and to preserve the symmetry of the sensitivity curve, I was replaced by the maximum of the actual mean value and the corresponding value of the negative image or simply max(mean, 255-mean). If DeltaI/I is less than a threshold, the chosen line is replaced with a one fitting the original data and the two boundary points. Although PSNR improvement is <0.3 dB, the resultant image is visually more pleasing as will be demonstrated experimentally. The algorithm can be easily modified to perform as an edge detection scheme by finding DeltaI/I between any pixel and its 8 neighbours. The maximum is then taken. A new histogram thresholding is then applied to discriminate the edge pixels. Experimental results indicate a superior capability of the proposed scheme to detect edges of objects that are close in intensity to their background. Some comparisons with Sobel operator are also demonstrated.
Localization of a human reduced folate carrier protein in the mitochondrial as well as the cell membrane of leukemia cells. (2001)

IgG polyclonal antiserum was generated in New Zealand White rabbits immunized with a 16-mer peptide consisting of a specific amino acid sequence at residues corresponding to the sixth to seventh predicted transmembrane domain of the human reduced folate carrier (RFC). Using Western immunoblotting to examine the cytosolic and membrane fractions of the human CCRF-CEM T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, polyclonal antihuman RFC antiserum recognized two bands in the cytosolic fraction (approximately 60 kDa and approximately 70 kDa) on 10% polyacrylamide gels. In the membrane fraction, an approximately 60-kDa protein was identified. Comparative studies of a panel of human tumor cell lines including the HT1080 fibrosarcoma, 8805 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and the MCF breast cancer cell lines revealed similar findings. Likewise, a recombinant approximately 60-kDa membrane protein was identified after expression of baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells containing cDNA of the human RFC. In the CEM-7A cell line, a variant of the CCRF-CEM cell line that overexpresses the RFC, 21-fold overexpression of the approximately 60-kDa membrane protein (RFC) was shown by Western analysis. To characterize further the cellular distribution of the human RFC, immunohistochemical analyses were performed in CCRF-CEM T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Predominantly membrane localization of the antibody reacting sites was detected; however, a cytoplasmic component was noted as well. By confocal microscopy and by immunogold electron microscopy, the cytoplasmic expression was found to be largely of mitochondrial origin. These findings were corroborated by Western immunoblotting of mitochondrial membrane isolates from the CCRF-CEM cell line, which demonstrate an approximately 60-kDa protein. The localization of the human RFC to the mitochondrial membrane is a novel finding, and it suggests a role for the mitochondrial membrane in the transport of folates.
Short non-coding RNAs as bacteria species identifiers detected by surface plasmon resonance enhanced common path interferometry (2008)

Small non-coding RNA sequences have recently been discovered as unique identifiers of certain bacterial species, raising the possibility that they can be used as highly specific Biowarfare Agent detection markers in automated field deployable integrated detection systems. Because they are present in high abundance they could allow genomic based bacterial species identification without the need for pre-assay amplification. Further, a direct detection method would obviate the need for chemical labeling, enabling a rapid, efficient, high sensitivity mechanism for bacterial detection. Surface Plasmon Resonance enhanced Common Path Interferometry (SPR-CPI) is a potentially market disruptive, high sensitivity dual technology that allows real-time direct multiplex measurement of biomolecule interactions, including small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and microbes. SPR-CPI measures differences in phase shift of reflected S and P polarized light under Total Internal Reflection (TIR) conditions at a surface, caused by changes in refractive index induced by biomolecular interactions within the evanescent field at the TIR interface. The measurement is performed on a microarray of discrete 2-dimensional areas functionalized with biomolecule capture reagents, allowing simultaneous measurement of up to 100 separate analytes. The optical beam encompasses the entire microarray, allowing a solid state detector system with no scanning requirement. Output consists of simultaneous voltage measurements proportional to the phase differences resulting from the refractive index changes from each microarray feature, and is automatically processed and displayed graphically or delivered to a decision making algorithm, enabling a fully automatic detection system capable of rapid detection and quantification of small nucleic acids at extremely sensitive levels. Proof-of-concept experiments on model systems and cell culture samples have demonstrated utility of the system, and efforts are in progress for full development and deployment of the device. The technology has broad applicability as a universal detection platform for BWA detection, medical diagnostics, and drug discovery research, and represents a new class of instrumentation as a rapid, high sensitivity, label-free methodology.