gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α2-Macroglobulin is Cleaved by HIV-1 Protease in the Bait Region but not in the C-Terminal Inter-Domain Region (1991)

alpha 2-Macroglobulin is cleaved by human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease. The cleavage site is the Phe684-Tyr685 bond in the "bait region", an exposed part of alpha 2-macroglobulin, creating the "F-form". The methylamine derivative of alpha 2-macroglobulin is also cleaved at the same bond. The homologous chicken ovomacroglobulin does not form an F-form structure with the protease, although, F-form generation by other enzymes is known. This is possibly due to the lack of a suitable cleavage sequence in the corresponding region of ovomacroglobulin. In human alpha 2-macroglobulin, the interdomain segment between the main part of the molecule and the receptor-binding C-terminal domain is not cleaved by the HIV protease although typical cleavage sequences occur. In AIDS, therefore, HIV protease from infected cells in unlikely to interfere with receptor-binding of alpha 2-macroglobulin.
Complete resolution of gastric amyloidosis after autologous stem cell transplantation (2008)

A 48-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding 1 week after autologous stem cell transplantation (autologous-SCT). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) demonstrated necrotic, purple, pigmented, friable lesions throughout the stomach ([Fig. 1 ] a), along with a bleeding ulcer in the cardia containing a central pigmented lesion ([Fig. 1 ] b; [Video 1]) which was successfully treated with epinephrine (1 : 10 000) injections. Biopsies demonstrated nodular amyloid deposition ([Fig. 2]) which was Congo-red-positive. The patient had no further hematemesis and was discharged home 4 days later. Ten months after autologous-SCT, EGD revealed a normal stomach ([Fig. 3]; [Video 2]) with no histologic evidence of amyloid.
Functional ryanodine receptors are expressed by human microglia and THP‐1 cells: Their possible involvement in modulation of neurotoxicity (2007)

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular Ca(2+) channels that mediate the release of calcium from internal stores and therefore play an important role in Ca(2+) signaling and homeostasis. Three RyR isoforms have been described thus far, and various areas of brain are known to express each of them. It is well established that neurons can express different RyR isoforms, but it is not known whether microglial cells do so. In the present study we showed that cultured human microglia from both fetal and adult brain specimens express mRNA for RyR1 and RyR2, whereas RyR3 mRNA can be detected only in fetal microglial cells. Calcium spectrofluorometry showed that high levels of the RyR agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CmC, 1-5 mM) induced elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in both types of cultured human microglial cells. This effect was attenuated by the RyR antagonist 1,1'-diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (DHBP, 10 microM). Neurotoxicity of conditioned medium from human microglia and THP-1 monocytic cells stimulated with a combination of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or alpha-synuclein was diminished by DHBP. It was also diminished by 4-CmC at concentrations approximately 100-fold lower than those used to stimulate intracellular Ca(2+) release. These data indicate that human microglial cells express functional RyRs and that selective RyR ligands exert antineurotoxic action on this cell type. Therefore, RyR ligands may represent a novel class of compounds that have utility in reducing microglial-mediated inflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Session 16 Solid state devices &#8212; Compound semiconductor FETs (1977)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings record.
Robust Design of Linear Mimo Transceivers Under Channel Uncertainty (2006)

This paper considers the robust design of a linear transceiver with imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter of a MIMO link. The framework embraces the design problem when CSI at the transmitter consists of the channel mean and covariance matrix or, equivalently, the channel estimate and the estimation error covariance matrix. The design of the linear MIMO transceiver is based on a general cost function covering several well known performance criteria. In particular, two families are considered in detail: Schur-convex and Schur-concave functions. Approximations are used in the low SNR and high SNR regimes separately to obtain simple optimization problems that can be readily solved. Numerical examples show gains compared to other suboptimal methods.
Mechanism of Glucose Isomerization Using a Solid Lewis Acid Catalyst in Water (2010)

Andersherum: 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie an isotopenmarkierter Glucose offenbart, dass in Gegenwart des Zinn-haltigen Zeoliths Sn-Beta die Isomerisierung von Glucose in Wasser über eine intramolekulare Hydridverschiebung (siehe Schema) und nicht etwa über einen Protonentransfer abläuft. Dies ist der erstmalige Nachweis, dass Sn-Beta in rein wässriger Umgebung als eine Lewis-Säure agiert. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemical characterization and biotreatability of effluents from an integrated alkaline-peroxide mechanical pulping/machine finish coated (APMP/MFC) paper mill (1997)

As part of an extensive audit of the Alkaline-Peroxide Mechanical Pulping (APMPTM) plant at the Malette Quebec Inc. mill in St. Raymond, Que., effluents were sampled from various stages of the process for comprehensive chemical characterizations, aquatic toxicity testing and anaerobic biotreatability assessments. In addition, untreated and secondary treated combined effluent from the integrated paper mill were sampled to determine the effectiveness of a conventional activated sludge process at the mill site. During the one-day sampling period, the APMP plant processed a mixed wood furnish consisting of 50% spruce/balsam fir and 50% aspen, with a chemical charge of 3.5% sodium hydroxide and 3.8% hydrogen peroxide on oven-dry fibre, while the Machine Finish Coated (MFC) paper production rate was 100 odt/d (oven dry metric tonnes per day). Measured production-specific contaminant discharge loadings from the novel APMP process were 56 kg BOD5/odt and 155 kg COD/odt in a combined effluent flow of 28 m3/odt. Sources of process effluent were chip washing, three stages of wood chip pretreatment and chemical impregnation (i.e., Impressafiner stages), interstate washing and pulp cleaning. The three Impressafiner pressates were found to be the most concentrated (i.e., 12-26 g COD/L) and toxic streams. Microtox testing of the pressates revealed EC50 concentrations of 0.07-0.34% v/v. The warm and concentrated effluents generated by the non-sulphur APMP process were found to be highly amenable to anaerobic degradation as determined by batch bioassay testing. Filterable BOD5 and COD(f) of the process effluents were reduced by 87-95% and 70-77%, respectively, with corresponding theoretical methane yields being attained. Acid-soluble dissolved lignin compounds exhibited biorecalcitrance, as revealed by limited removals of 34-55%, and were the main constituents contributing to residual COD(f), while resin and fatty acids (RFA) were reduced by 80-94%. The conservatively operated full scale activated sludge treatment process achieved a similar high 74% COD(f) removal from the whole mill effluent, while BOD5 and RFA reductions were virtually complete and the treated effluent was non-toxic, as measured by Microtox.
Diisopinocampheylborane‐Mediated Reductive Aldol Reactions: Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of syn Aldols from N‐Acryloylmorpholine (2013)

Cutting costs, cutting corners: In an inexpensive and straightforward synthesis of syn-propionamide aldols, formation of the Z enolborinate by the hydroboration of 4-acryloylmorpholine with diisopinocampheylborane ((Ipc)2BH) was followed by aldol reactions with achiral and chiral aldehydes to provide syn-α-methyl-β-hydroxymorpholinecarboxamides with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity (see scheme; R=alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl).
On the origin of the second-order nonlinearity in strained Si–SiN structures (2015)

The development of efficient low-loss electro-optic and nonlinear components based on silicon or its related compounds, such as nitrides and oxides, is expected to dramatically enhance silicon photonics by eliminating the need for non-CMOS-compatible materials. While bulk Si is centrosymmetric and thus displays no second-order (&#x3C7;(2)) effects, a body of experimental evidence accumulated in the last decade demonstrates that when a strain gradient is present, a significant &#x3C7;(2) and Pockels coefficient can be observed. In this work we connect a strain-gradient-induced &#x3C7;(2) with another strain-gradient-induced phenomenon, the flexoelectric effect. We show that even in the presence of an extremely strong strain gradient, the degree by which a nonpolar material like Si can be altered cannot possibly explain the order of magnitude of observed &#x3C7;(2) phenomena. At the same time, in a polar material like SiN, each bond has a large nonlinear polarizability, so when the inversion symmetry is broken by a strain gradient, a small (few degrees) reorientation of bonds can engender &#x3C7;(2) of the magnitude observed experimentally. It is our view therefore that the origin of the nonlinear and electro-optic effects in strained Si structures lies not in the Si itself but in the material providing the strain: the silicon nitride cladding.
Tuning the threshold voltage from depletion to enhancement mode in a multilayer MoS2 transistor via oxygen adsorption and desorption (2015)

Selective chemical doping in two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is attractive for tailoring electrical properties according to device requirements. However, the ultra-thin 2D nature of MoS2 makes it difficult to realize effective doping by conventional ion implantation. Here, a simple method based on low-temperature (150 °C) annealing in air is developed for effective chemical doping in MoS2. We have demonstrated that the threshold voltage (V(th)) of multilayer MoS2 FET can be effectively tuned from depletion mode (V(th) = -1.8 V) to enhancement mode (V(th) = 1.1 V) by annealing in air at 150 °C. An energy band model based on electron trapping/detrapping due to oxygen adsorption on the MoS2 surface is proposed to explain the underlying mechanism. The model is consistent with an oxygen adsorption-desorption process evidenced by vacuum annealing that recovers the V(th) to its original value. These results can provide a simple approach for V(th) engineering and make a significant step toward 2D nanoelectronic device applications.
Reverse Engineering Intel DRAM Addressing and Exploitation (2015)

In this paper, we present a method to reverse engineer DRAM addressing functions based on a physical bus probing. Second, we present an automatic and generic method to reverse engineer DRAM addressing functions merely from performing a timing attack. This timing attack can be performed on any system without privileges and even in virtual machines to derive information about the mapping to physical DRAM channels, ranks and banks. We reversed the complex adressing functions on a diverse set of Intel processors and DRAM configurations. Our work enables side-channel attacks and covert channels based on inner-bank row conflicts and overlaps. Thus, our attack does not exploit the CPU as a shared resource, but only the DRAM that might even be shared across multiple CPUs. We demonstrate the power of such attacks by implementing a high speed covert channel that achieves transmission rates of up to 1.5 Mb/s, which is three orders of magnitude faster than current covert channels on main memory. Finally, we show how our results can be used to increase the efficiency of the Rowhammer attack significantly by reducing the search space by a factor of up to 16384.
Integration of a Thermochemical Storage System in a Rankine Cycle Driven by Concentrated Solar Power: a Conceptual Study (2020)

International audience
An ANT-based low-power battery-free wireless cryogenic temperature probes for industrial process monitoring (2016)

This paper presents an ultra low-power battery-free, wireless, multi-point temperature sensor for vacuum and cryogenic applications. This is applicable to low-temperature industrial processes such as lyophilisation (i.e. freeze-drying) where accurate temperature monitoring over long durations is necessary. The developed sensors are wirelessly powered using a 915 MHz RF source. The sensors utilize a low power 2.4 GHz ANT communication protocols and operate in a shared channel topology accommodating ~ 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">32</sup> nodes. The battery-free nature and measurement capabilities have been successfully demonstrated in typical freeze-drying processes with close agreement to thermocouple data. The sensors occupies a small footprint of 10.3 by 28.75 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a maximum power consumption of less than 1 mW.
Function & Immunity of Stem Cell‐Derived Hematopoietic Cells (2009)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the human embryo, and more recently adult dermal fibroblasts induced to be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (hIPCs), represent two potential sources of cells for regenerative cell replacement therapies. However, the fundamental aspects of both cellular and molecular biology required to control differentiation to a specific lineage using pluripotent cells remain the single and most important obstacle to bringing this therapy to the clinic. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants have been and are currently the most prevalent and successful stem cell therapy to date. Our lab and others have been defining these signals and cellular phenotypes of cells emerging towards the hematopoietic lineage from both hESCs and hIPSCs. Although improvements can be made to increase the quantity of hematopoietic cell types with primitive blood cell function, the methods to generate hematopoietic cells that possess in vivo repopulating function similar to somatic HSCs have been elusive. We will discuss how current knowledge of hematopoietic differentiation from pluripotent cells relates to opportunities in both basic research and future clinical goals.
Maximizing energy efficiency for loss tolerant applications: The packet buffering case (2013)

Energy efficient communication has emerged as one of the key areas of research due to its impact on industry and environment. Any potential degree of freedom (DoF) available in the system should be exploited smartly to design energy efficient systems. This paper proposes a framework for achieving energy efficiency for the data loss tolerant applications by exploiting the multiuser diversity and DoFs available through the packet loss pattern. For a real time application, there is a constraint on the maximum number of packets to be dropped successively that must be obeyed. We propose a channel-aware energy efficient scheduling scheme which schedules the packets such that the constraint on the average packet drop rate and the maximum number of successively dropped packets is fulfilled for the case when a finite number of unscheduled packets can be buffered. We analyze the scheme in the large user limit and show the energy gain due to buffering on the proposed scheme.
Organometallic Complexes in Supported Ionic‐Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysts: A PHIP NMR Spectroscopy Study (2011)

para-Hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) NMR spectroscopy emerges as an efficient and robust method for on-line monitoring of gas-phase hydrogenation reactions. Here we report detailed investigations of supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts in a continuous gas-phase hydrogenation of propene with PHIP NMR spectroscopy. A relocation of the rhodium complex in the thin layer of ionic liquid in the SILP catalyst at the initial stage of the propene hydrogenation is demonstrated. PHIP NMR spectroscopy can provide profound insight into the evolution of SILP catalysts during hydrogenation reactions.
Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of coenzyme A-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli (1981)

Coenzyme A linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli strain B has been purified to a specific activity of 14 units/mg of protein, and initial rate and substrate analogue inhibition experiments have been performed. On the basis of these steady-state measurements, a bi-uni-uni-uni ping-pong mechanism is proposed in which NAD+ binds to the free enzyme followed by acetaldehyde. The product NADH is then released before coenzyme A (CoA) can bind, and acetyl-CoA is the final product released. A pre-steady-state time-dependent activation of the enzyme was observed when assays were initiated with NAD+. This lag phase of the reaction was studied as a function of the NAD+ concentration and found to be first order. Furthermore, the presence of NAD+ was demonstrated to be necessary to maintain the enzyme in the active conformation. Evidence that the enzyme contains two distinct NAD+ binding sites, an activator site and a catalytic site, has been obtained from pre-steady-state experiments with the NAD+ analogues AMP and 3-pyridine-carboxaldehyde adenine dinucleotide. AMP, a potent competitive inhibitor with respect to NAD+ under steady-state conditions, did not affect the rate of enzyme activation during pre-steady-state measurements. The analogue 3-pyridine-carboxaldehyde adenine dinucleotide, a potent activator of the aldehyde dehydrogenase, was a poor substrate compared with NAD+. At concentrations of this analogue that fully activated the enzyme, no alternate substrate inhibition was observed with respect to NAD+. A model incorporating two binding sites for NAD+ has been put forward to explain these observations.
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency Due to Congenital Defect (1957)

Transient adrenal insufficiency in early infancy has been described by Jaudon.<sup>1</sup>Congenital hypoplasia as the cause of fatal adrenal failure is the least understood condition among the various etiological possibilities. The following study may be contributory to the understanding of the pathology of this rare condition and of the interrelation between the electrolyte-controlling mechanism and the histopathological changes of the adrenal cortex. <h3>Report of Case</h3> A white boy weighing 8 lb. 12 oz. at birth began vomiting, having diarrhea, and losing weight at the age of 2 weeks and was admitted to the hospital a week later in severe shock with diarrhea and dehydration. The skin was grayish, and the child appeared lethargic. The weight was 13 oz. below the birth weight. The genitalia were normal. A slight trace of albumin was found in the urine; tests for sugar and sediment were negative. Blood chemistry studies showed sodium, 120
Epidemiological and quantitative study of GBV‐C infection in french polytransfused children (2004)

From 1999 to 2002, 246 serum samples taken from polytransfused children were tested for the presence of GB virus C (GBV-C) RNA using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. This assay was based on the TaqMan technology and allowed viral load determination in infected children with a dynamic range from 10(3) to 10(7) genome equivalent (gEq) copies/ml. The limit of detection was estimated to 619 gEq copies/ml with a > or = 95% probability of a positive result. Thirty five sera were found to be GBV-C RNA positive, corresponding to a prevalence of GBV-C of 14.2%. The mean viral load was high, i.e., 6 +/- 1.4 log (range 3.22-7.42) gEq copies/ml, but low viral loads were also detected. Sequencing of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) identified a majority of genotype 2 strains (82%) distributed into two subtypes, 88.5% genotype 2a and 11.5% genotype 2b. In conclusion, GBV-C active infection is very frequent in exposed populations such as polytransfused children. GBV-C RNA quantitation using real-time assay may be useful for diagnosis and follow-up of the natural history of GBV-C infection.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF THORAX/RESTRAINT SYSTEM INTERACTION (1995)

Various modelling techniques are playing an increasingly important role as a cost effective means of supplementing crashworthiness data for gaining a better understanding of the injury mechanisms associated with automotive crashes. The interaction of a geometrically accurate (50th percentile male) finite element model (FEM) of the human thorax, and FEMs of a seat belt restraint system and an airbag are examined. Optimization of the thorax model under frontal impact conditions and the development of an improved shoulder structure are discussed. Using the LSDYNA3D three-dimensional FE structural analysis code, stress fields within the thorax model are examined. The results, using each restraint system in a comparable impact environment, are presented. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 894848.
NMR Evidence for Specific Germanium Siting in IM-12 Zeolite (2014)

Ge-rich ITQ-13 and ITQ-22 zeolites were degermanated by acid leaching of as-made—still containing organic template—and calcined forms. These two zeolites could be almost completely degermanated without modifying the framework structure. This behavior is different from IM-12 zeolite, which undergoes framework transformation from UTL to OKO type upon degermanation. All three zeolite types contain double four-ring (D4R) units populated by germanium atoms. The UTL to OKO transformation involves the elimination of Germanate 4 rings (Ge 4R) from double four-ring (D4R) units connecting the layers. The differences of Si and Ge atom siting in D4R units in the three zeolites were probed using 19F MAS NMR after post synthetic incorporation of fluoride and 1H–29Si CP/MAS NMR. In IM-12, NMR suggests that Ge atoms are all located in one of the faces of D4R units and form 4Rs that connect Si-rich layers together. In the degermanation process, the 4 Ge atoms of the Ge 4Rs are dislodged simultaneously, in excellent agreement with earlier EXAFS data. In ITQ-13 and ITQ-22 zeolites, Ge distributions are more complex, leading a progressive degermanation of the framework and to the presence of Si–O–Si bridges that prevents the structure from collapsing upon Ge extraction. Data suggest that IM-12 is unique in the family of Ge-containing zeolites.
Carbon Monoxide Modulates α–Smooth Muscle Actin and Small Proline Rich-1a Expression in Fibrosis (2008)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a biologically active molecule produced in the body by the stress-inducible enzyme, heme oxygenase. We have previously shown that CO suppresses fibrosis in a murine bleomycin model. To investigate the mechanisms by which CO opposes fibrogenesis, we performed gene expression profiling of fibroblasts treated with transforming growth factor-beta(1) and CO. The most highly differentially expressed categories of genes included those related to muscular system development and the small proline-rich family of proteins. We confirmed in vitro, and in an in vivo bleomycin model of lung fibrosis, that CO suppresses alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and enhances small proline-rich protein-1a expression. We further show that these effects of CO depend upon signaling via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Our results demonstrate novel transcriptional targets for CO and further elucidate the mechanism by which CO suppresses fibrosis.