gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low phase noise frequency-comb-based microwave generation and characterization (2016)

We report on the generation of ultra-low phase noise microwave signals at 12GHz by photodetecting the pulse train of an Erbium-doped fiber-based optical frequency comb phase locked to a ultra-narrow linewidth ultra-stable laser at With advanced photodetection techniques and homemade phase noise measurement apparatus, our experiment demonstrates generation of a microwave source with absolute phase noise below −170dBc/Hz at 10kHz and above, and below −100dBc/Hz at 1Hz from a 12GHz carrier, which pushes even further the best results reported so far.
High power laser damage of standard and bend resistant fibres (2009)

Optical fibre coating degradation under high power is directly linked to power dissipated in the bend. Bend insensitive fibres have much weaker heating response to the same input power in the bend than more bend sensitive fibres. Fibre lifetime predictions under high power and bending also are impacted by fibre deployment and the properties of coating material.
Temporal and Tissue-Specific Expression of Prostaglandin Receptors EP2, EP3, EP4, FP, and Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in Uterus and Fetal Membranes during Bovine Pregnancy (2003)

Uteroplacental prostaglandins (PGs) play pivotal roles in maintenance and /or termination of pregnancy in mammals. Regulation of PG biosynthetic and signaling mechanisms in uteroplacental tissues during maintenance of pregnancy is largely unknown. In the present study, we have characterized the expression of PGE2 receptors (EP2, EP3, EP4), PGF2alpha receptor (FP), and cyclooxygenase (COX) types 1 and 2 in placentome caruncle (CAR), intercaruncle, and fetal membrane tissues during pregnancy in cattle. Pregnant bovine uteri were collected and classified into six groups covering the entire gestational length. The levels of expression of EP2, EP3, and FP mRNAs differ depending on tissues and days of gestation (days <50 to >250). EP4 mRNA was undetectable in all the tissues studied. The expression levels of PG receptor mRNAs were as follows: placentome CAR FP>EP2>P3, intercaruncle EP2>EP3> or =FP, and fetal membranes EP3> or =EP2 >>FP. EP2 and EP3 expressions were modulated in uteroplacental tissues, depending on days of pregnancy, whereas FP was uniformly expressed. COX-1 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed, whereas COX-2 was highly modulated in uteroplacental tissues throughout pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry showed that EP2 and COX-2 proteins were colocalized in most cell types of placentome CAR, endometrium, and myometrium. Our study indicates that EP2 is the primary cAMP-generating PGE2 receptor expressed in uteroplacental tissues during bovine pregnancy. Temporal and tissue-specific expression of PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptors and COX-1 and -2 at the maternal-fetal interface suggests a selective and distinctive role for PGE2 and PGF2alpha in uterine activities during pregnancy in bovine.
A stimulated Raman scattering imager using high-speed lateral electric field modulator and lock-in pixels amplifiers (2014)

A high speed Lateral Electric Field Modulator (LEFM) and lock-in pixels amplifiers for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)imager is presented. Since the generated signal from the SRS process is very small compared to the offset signal, a technique suitable for extracting and amplifying the SRS signal is needed. The offset can be canceled by tuning the phase delay between the demodulated pixel output signal and the sampling clock. The small SRS signal in large offset is amplified by the differential integration. The proposed technique has been investigated with an implementation of 64x8 pixels array using a pinned photodiode LEFM an lock-in pixels amplifiers. Very small signal can be extracted from large offset signal. A ratio of the detected small SRS to offset signal of less 10<sup>-5</sup> is achieved.
Data from An Integrated Molecular Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets among TTF1-Negative Tumors, Including DNA Repair Proteins and Nrf2 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used clinically to differentiate primary lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) from squamous lung cancers and metastatic adenocarcinomas from other primary sites. However, a subset of LUAD (15%–20%) does not express TTF1, and TTF1-negative patients have worse clinical outcomes. As there are no established targeted agents with activity in TTF1-negative LUAD, we performed an integrated molecular analysis to identify potential therapeutic targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using two clinical LUAD cohorts (274 tumors), one from our institution (PROSPECT) and The Cancer Genome Atlas, we interrogated proteomic profiles (by reverse phase protein array, RPPA), gene expression, and mutational data. Drug response data from 74 cell lines were used to validate potential therapeutic agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Strong correlations were observed between TTF1 IHC and TTF1 measurements by RPPA (Rho = 0.57, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and gene expression (&lt;i&gt;NKX2-1&lt;/i&gt;, Rho = 0.61, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Established driver mutations (e.g., &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;) were associated with high TTF1 expression. In contrast, TTF1-negative LUAD had a higher frequency of inactivating &lt;i&gt;KEAP1&lt;/i&gt; mutations (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). Proteomic profiling identified increased expression of DNA repair proteins (e.g., Chk1 and the DNA repair score) and suppressed PI3k/mTOR signaling among TTF1-negative tumors, with differences in total proteins confirmed at the mRNA level. Cell line analysis showed drugs targeting DNA repair to be more active in TTF1-low cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Combined genomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated infrequent alteration of validated lung cancer targets (including the absence of &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; mutations in TTF1-negative LUAD), but identified novel potential targets for TTF1-negative LUAD, including KEAP1/Nrf2 and DNA repair pathways. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3480–91. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Polymerization in the Gas Phase, in Clusters, and on Nanoparticle Surfaces (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Schlieren imaging: a powerful tool for atmospheric plasma diagnostic (2018)

Schlieren imaging has been widely used in science and technology to investigate phenomena occurring in transparent media. In particular, it has proven to be a powerful tool in fundamental studies and process optimization for atmospheric pressure plasma diagnostics, providing qualitative and (in some cases) also quantitative information on the fluid-dynamic characteristics of plasmas generated by many different types of sources. However, obtaining significant and reliable results by schlieren imaging can be challenging, especially when considering the variety of geometries and applications of atmospheric pressure plasma sources. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt solutions that can address the specific issues of different plasma-assisted processes. In this paper, an overview on the use of the schlieren imaging technique for atmospheric pressure plasma characterization is presented. In the first part, the physical principles behind this technique and the different setups that can be adopted to perform it are presented. In the second part, examples of schlieren imaging applied to different kinds of atmospheric pressure plasmas (non-equilibrium plasma jets, plasma actuators for flow control and thermal plasma sources) are presented, showing how it was used to characterize the fluid-dynamic behavior of plasma-assisted processes and reporting best practices in performing this diagnostic technique.
Influence of Atomic Vacancies on the Properties of Transition-Metal Oxides. I.TiOxandVOx (1972)

After a brief review of the principal features associated with energy-band diagrams of ideal transition-metal monoxides having localized vs itinerant $d$ electrons, modification of these diagrams is discussed for real crystals in the systems $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$, which have itinerant $d$ electrons. Each of these systems contains approximately 16% spontaneous atomic vacancies, and physical arguments are presented for the influence of these vacancies on the one-electron energies for both ordered and disordered crystals. It is argued that isolated cation vacancies tend to trap two holes, and anion vacancies to trap two electrons. The character of these trap states can be described for ordered systems. Disordered vacancies appear to create energy bands having features similar to those found in amorphous materials. The rather striking physical properties of the $\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ system can be qualitatively understood from physical arguments alone, as can the contrast between these properties and those found in $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$.
Antiglycation Activity of Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss (2010)

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term complications affecting the eyes, nerves, blood vessels, skin and kidneys. Increased glycation of proteins and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Glycation and AGEP formation are also accompanied by the formation of free radicals via autoxidation of glucose and glycated proteins. Compounds with combined antiglycation and antioxidant properties may offer therapeutic potential. Since the antioxidant activity of different extracts and fractions of aerial parts of Otostegia persica has been evaluated and this plant is used as an antidiabetic agent in Iranian traditional medicine, we evaluated the antiglycation activity of this species. Here, we report the isolation of known compound 3´, 7-dihydroxy-4´,6,8-trimethoxy-flavone for the antiglycation properties of this plant.
Potassium selenocyanate potentiate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We previously showed that antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria mediated by the phenothiazinium dye, methylene blue (MB) was potentiated by addition of potassium thiocyanate (10mM). The mechanism was suggested to involve a singlet oxygen mediated reaction with SCN- to form sulfite and cyanide and then to produce sulfur trioxide radical anion. We now report that potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN) (concentrations up to 100 mM) can also potentiate (up to 6 logs of killing) aPDI mediated by a number of different photosensitizers: MB, Rose Bengal, and TPPS4 (as low as 200 nM). When a mixture of selenocyanate with these PS in solution was illuminated and then bacteria were added after the light, there was up to 6 logs killing (Gram-negative > Gram-positive) but the antibacterial species decayed rapidly (by 20 min). Our hypothesis to explain this antibacterial activity is the formation of selenocyanogen (SeCN)2 by reaction with singlet oxygen (1O2) as shown by quenching of 1O2 by SeCN- and increased photoconsumption of oxygen. The fact that lead tetra-acetate reacted with SeCN- (literature preparation of (SeCN)2) also produced a short-lived antibacterial species supports this hypothesis.
Boron‐Doped Diamond as an Efficient Back Contact to Thermally Grown TiO2 Photoelectrodes (2019)

Abstract In the present work, we investigate the efficiency of TiO 2 photoelectrode layers on boron‐doped diamond foil (BDDF) in comparison with a classic conducting glass (fluorine‐doped tin oxide, FTO) back contact. Crystalline thin TiO 2 layers were prepared on the substrates by two different methods: (i) deposition of metallic Ti thin films followed by thermal oxidation to form TiO 2 (TO‐TiO 2 ), (ii) reactive sputter deposition of TiO 2 thin films and crystallization of these layers (SP‐TiO 2 ). The optimized layers show that TO‐TiO 2 films on BDDF deliver a significantly higher incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) compared to directly sputtered SP‐TiO 2 layers and these layers on BDDF also outperform FTO as a back contact. We ascribe this beneficial effect of the BDDF back contact to the formation of an intermediate conductive phase of Ti carbides at the TO‐TiO 2 /BDDF interface.
Near-field Localization with Dynamic Metasurface Antennas (2022)

Sixth generation (6G) cellular communications are expected to support enhanced wireless localization capabilities. The widespread deployment of large arrays and high-frequency bandwidths give rise to new considerations for localization applications. First, emerging antenna architectures, such as dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs), are expected to be frequently utilized thanks to the achievable high angular resolution and low hardware complexity. Further, wireless localization is likely to take place in the radiating near-field (Fresnel) region, which provides new degrees of freedom, because of the adoption of arrays with large apertures. While current studies mostly focus on the use of costly fully-digital antenna arrays, in this paper we investigate how DMAs can be applied for near-field localization of a single user. We use a direct positioning estimation method based on curvature-of-arrival of the impinging wavefront to obtain the user location, and characterize the effects of DMA tuning on the estimation accuracy. Next, we propose an algorithm for configuring the DMA to optimize near-field localization, by first tuning the adjustable DMA coefficients to minimize the estimation error using postulated knowledge of the actual user position. Finally, we propose a sub-optimal iterative algorithm that does not rely on such knowledge. Simulation results show that the DMA-based near-field localization accuracy could approach that of fully-digital arrays at lower cost.
Efficient monitoring of database assertions (1978)

A principal impediment to the use of declarative assertions for monitoring the state of a dynamic database is the high cost of conventional implementation techniques for such a facility. This paper presents a means of efficiently detecting violations of assertions caused by updates to a database. Our technique is based on the premise that the structure of updates to a database can generally be anticipated, and that an analysis of the potential effect that an update may have on an assertion can enable the assertion to be efficiently tested when the update is performed.This analysis is performed by a compile-time assertion processor; for each type of update operation defined on the database, the assertion processor synthesizes a procedure that will be used to evaluate a set of given assertions whenever an operation of the given type is performed on the database. For each assertion and operation, the assertion processor performs a detailed logical analysis, called perturbation analysis, of the effect that the operation may have on the assertion. Perturbation analysis identifies conditions that can be efficiently tested at run-time (when an operation of the given type is performed) and that minimize the extent to which the assertion must be fully reevaluated; the identified conditions also enable the assertion to be tested before the update is actually performed, thereby avoiding the need for expensive back-out procedures in the case that the assertion is found to be violated. Based on this analysis, the assertion processor generates a set of alternative efficient means of determining whether or not execution of the operation causes the assertion to be violated. A database transaction processor, which estimates the performance cost of each of the alternatives in the context of the physical representation and access methods of the database, can then be used to identify the least expensive means of testing the assertion.This work has been done in the particular context of semantic integrity assertions, but it readily extends to related problems of database monitoring. The efficiency of testing that can be achieved through the use of our assertion processing technique in comparable with that attainable through the use of hand-coded procedures. The technique therefore supports all the advantages of the declarative approach to database assertion-monitoring, while retaining the level of efficiency that is usually associated with procedural methods.
Viceroy (2002)

We propose a family of constant-degree routing networks of logarithmic diameter, with the additional property that the addition or removal of a node to the network requires no global coordination, only a constant number of linkage changes in expectation, and a logarithmic number with high probability. Our randomized construction improves upon existing solutions, such as balanced search trees, by ensuring that the congestion of the network is always within a logarithmic factor of the optimum with high probability. Our construction derives from recent advances in the study of peer-to-peer lookup networks, where rapid changes require efficient and distributed maintenance, and where the lookup efficiency is impacted both by the lengths of paths to requested data and the presence or elimination of bottlenecks in the network.
Exon 16 del: a novel form of human neutral endopeptidase (CALLA) (1992)

The enzyme neutral metalloendopeptidase (E.C. 3.4.24.11), also known as the common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen, neutral endopeptidase, or enkephalinase, functions as an inactivator of a wide variety of signaling oligopeptides such as substance P, neurokinin A, enkephalins, endothelin, atrial natriuretic factor, and formyl chemotactic peptides. A cDNA clone isolated from a human lung library encodes a fragment of neutral metalloendopeptidase containing an internal 81 base pair deletion when compared with the human placental cDNA for this enzyme. Comparison of the deleted cDNA sequence with the intron-exon structure recently determined as the common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen reveals that the 81 base pairs corresponds precisely with exon 16. RNA analysis using splice junction oligonucleotides indicates that the 16 del form constitutes a minor but significant fraction of the RNA species present in human lung. Expression of constructs containing "wild type" and "exon 16 del" neutral endopeptidases in COS-7 cells reveals that deletion of this 27 amino acid segment reduces enzymatic activity toward the synthetic substrate glutaryl-alanyl-alanyl-phenyl-alanyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide to barely detectable levels.
Development of the integrated environmental control model: Performance and cost models for the NOXSO process. Quarterly progress report (1995)

This Quarterly Report documents research efforts carried out under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC91346 from the US Department of Energy. lie purpose of this contract is to develop and refine the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) created and enhanced by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) for the US Department of Energy`s Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (DOE/PETC) under contract Numbers DE-FG2283PC60271 and DE-AC22-87PC79864. The work in this contract is divided into two phases. Phase I deals with further developing the existing version of the IECM and training PETC personnel on the effective use of the model. Phase II deals with creating new technology modules, linking the IECM with PETC databases, and training PETC personnel on the effective use of the updated model. The present report summarizes recent progress on the Phase I effort during the period July 1, 1995 through September 30, 1995. This report presents additional details on the new performance models of the NOXSO process. For convenience, the complete description of the NOXSO performance model is presented here, including information previously presented in the Quarterly Report submitted in April 1995. Also included in this report is a newly developed cost model for the NOXSO process. Illustrative results are presented using the new performance and cost models as implemented in the IECM.
The Sramanic Traditions: Jainism and Buddhism (2014)

Jainism and Buddhism went on to become major religions in their own right, while many other religions faded away with the death of their teachers.
A New Model for Device Degradation in Low-Temperature N-Channel Polycrystalline Silicon TFTs Under AC Stress (2004)

Enhanced device degradation of low-temperature n-channel polycrystalline thin-film transistors (poly-silicon TFTs) under exposure to ac stress has been quantitatively analyzed. This analysis showed that degradation of the device characteristics of a single-drain (SD) TFT is greater under ac stress than under dc stress over an equivalent period. It was found that hot holes are strongly related to this greater severity of degradation. Moreover, a lightly doped drain (LDD) TFT is less strongly affected, and the effect is dominated by accumulated drain-avalanche hot-carrier (DAHC) stress. It was also found that differences between the electric field in the respective channel regions are responsible for the different degradation properties of SD and LDD TFTs. It was shown that the severe degradation under ac stress in an SD TFT is caused by increased DAHC stress, to which electrons emitted from the trap states when the TFT is turned off make significant contributions.
CIE Software Check of luox.app (2021)

The University of Oxford has developed an open-access software platform known as luox, which incorporates elements of CIE publications for the calculation of certain quantities integrated from spectral data. Under the terms of a licence agreement between the University of Oxford and the CIE, the CIE has agreed to endorse the software following a black-box validation of the software. This is the report of that validation exercise, based on the work of an ad hoc task group of the CIE Board of Administration. The task group selected 43 spectra from various sources, 19 being spectra with 5 nm intervals and 24 being spectra with 1 nm intervals, and calculated luminance (illuminance), a-opic radiances (a-opic irradiances), a-opic equivalent daylight luminances (a-opic equivalent daylight illuminances), a-opic efficacies of luminous radiation, and chromaticity coordinates using both luox and a variety of other available reference calculation tools, both public and private. Tolerance intervals were established for each quantity, and the deviation between the test values from luox and the reference values were calculated for each spectrum. The results for all of these evaluations showed consistency between the test values and the reference values. Based on these results, the CIE approves the following statement concerning the luox software, as per the aforementioned licence agreement: “This software incorporates methods, formulae, spectral function calculations and spectra from the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The CIE endorses this software having made a black-box evaluation of the software as of Feb. 11, 2021, finding that the software performs satisfactorily. This software is not a replacement for the CIE publications and works from which it is derived. The user is advised to consult the original publications and works for proper understanding of and calculation of the result of this software.”