gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delineation of Gravitational Instability Induced by Gas Charges into Oil Reservoirs Using Diffusion and Flory-Huggins-Zuo Equations (2016)

Abstract A reservoir crude oil contains dissolved gas, liquid and solids (asphaltenes). Together with the Yen-Mullins model and the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state (FHZ EOS), Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has been successfully employed to delineate asphaltene gradients and reservoir connectivity. Because solubility of asphaltenes in crude oil decreases with increasing gas/oil ratio (GOR) and asphaltene instability, tar mats may be formed by a late gas or light hydrocarbon charge into an oil reservoir. This tar mat is frequently far away from the location of the asphaltene instability, thereby implying asphaltene migration in the formation at much faster rates than diffusive velocities. Therefore, a dynamic mechanism is required to take this phenomenon into account. A dynamic mechanism with gravitational instability induced by gas charges into an oil reservoir is proposed for this purpose. A late gas charge into an oil reservoir can yield a gas cap above initially undersaturated oil. Gas diffusion into the oil column then increases solution gas (GOR) which has the effect of decreasing asphaltene solubility in the crude oil. This can cause asphaltenes to diffuse away from the region of increasing solution gas. Diffusion equations that couple methane, maltene and asphaltene diffusion are consistent with this description. This process can lead to a build-up of asphaltenes at a certain position of the diffusive solution gas front. This increase in asphaltenes, which have been expelled from the high GOR regions, leads to higher density oil than the original oil below this perturbed section of the oil column. In turn, this ‘fluid density inversion’ in the oil column gives rise to gravity currents (gravitational instability – diffusion induced convection) that enable the movement of asphaltenes in porous media over large distances. To validate the proposed mechanism, a diffusive model with moving boundary conditions was developed in conjunction with the FHZ EOS and was applied to gas, maltene and asphaltene multicomponent systems. In addition, this diffusive model is compared with the simplified diffusive model developed by Zuo et al. (2016) and the rigorous diffusive model developed by Shu et al. (2016). The three models predict that the gas/oil contact (GOC) moves up with time due to the swelling effect of a gas charge into a crude oil reservoir and to the loss of gas from the gas cap diffusing into the oil. Density inversion can be produced by the three models by the coupled gas and asphaltene diffusion equations in a relatively wide range of conditions. Significant fluid density inversion is generated at the conditions close to the asphaltene phase instability boundary. This is consistent with the frequent observation of some asphaltene deposition at the gas-oil contact and some asphaltene deposition at the oil-water contact.
Absolute photodissociation cross sections of gas phase sodium chloride at room temperature (1986)

Absolute photodissociation cross sections for gas phase NaCl are measured over the wavelength range of 189.7–359.8 nm at 300 K. Two well-resolved peaks are observed at 235 and 260 nm. The cross section also rises below 210 nm. These results are in good qualitative agreement with previous high temperature measurements and with cross sections computed from theoretically calculated potential surfaces. However, there are two significant differences, the spectral width and the absolute magnitude of the cross sections. The importance of these measurements in understanding the photodissociative processes of ionic compounds and the implications for the role of NaCl in the stratospheric chemistry of chlorine compounds are discussed.
Abstract 13957: Vagal Nerve Stimulation Mitigates Atrial Fibrillation by Attenuating the Intrinsic Cardiac Local Circuit Neuronal Activity (2014)

Background: Burst electrical stimuli delivered to intra-pericardial mediastinal nerves (MNS) during the atrial refractory period reproducibly evoke atrial fibrillation (AF), an effect dependent upon heterogeneous activation of intrinsic cardiac (IC) neurons. The objective of this study was to determine whether pre-emptive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) alters MNS-induced neuronal imbalance within the IC neurons thereby impacting susceptibility to AF. Methods: Activities of right atrial ganglionated plexus neurons were identified in anesthetized canines (n=11) using a linear microelectrode array. IC neuron activity was characterized in response to: 1) touch and great vessel occlusion versus (2) stellate ganglion or vagal stimulation. Right MNS was evaluated in relation to evoked IC activity and the potential to induce atrial tachyarrhythmias. Responses were assessed prior to and after pre-emptive left (LCV) or right (RCV) cervical VNS (15 Hz, 500 μs; 1.2x chronotropic threshold; 3 min). Results: In control, 100% MNS sites induced AF. Pre-emptive RCV VNS prevented MNS-induced AF induction from 37% of sites; it shortened AF duration in 56% of sites. Pre-emptive LCV VNS potentiated AF in 46% of right-sided MNS sites, prevented AF in 27% of sites, shortened AF in 7% of sites; it was without effect in 20% of sites. Pre-emptive VNS induced a memory effect of ~40 minutes before the MNS-induced AF returned. VNS effects on IC neuronal responses were related primarily to neurons that responded to both touch/vessel occlusion and efferent activation, as such being defined as local circuit neurons (LCNs). A RCV VNS related decrease in IC LCNs activity (0.61±1.83 to 0.16±0.57 Hz) was correlated with reduction in AF inducibility (p&lt;0.05). Chi-square analysis indicated that an increase in LCN neuronal synchrony during MNS-induced AF was mitigated post VNS (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: VNS decreases the activity of the IC LCNs while maintaining their stochastic behavior, thereby mitigating AF excitability secondary to local neural imbalances. These anti-arrhythmic effects of VNS exhibit memory. Ipsilateral VNS projections more effectively stabilize discrete IC neuronal networks, likely owing to preferential nerve distributions.
Production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody toSerpulina hyodysenteriae (1996)

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery, was produced and characterised. The mAb (BJL/SH1) reacted in Western blots with a protein with a molecular mass of about 30 kDa in outer membrane preparations from a range of S. hyodysenteriae isolates of different serotypes. It did not react with preparations made from a variety of non-S. hyodysenteriae intestinal spirochaetes. Immunogold labelling was used to confirm the location of the reactive epitope on the cell outer membrane. The mAb agglutinated and produced fluorescence only with strains of S. hyodysenteriae, and should prove to be a useful reagent for identification of S. hyodysenteriae.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF IMAGING SYSTEM TO EVALUATE LIQUID AND VAPOR ENVELOPES OF MULTI-HOLE GASOLINE FUEL INJECTOR SPRAYS UNDER ENGINE-LIKE CONDITIONS (2012)

A novel high-speed imaging system capable of acquiring schlieren and elastic scattering images in a near-simultaneous fashion along the same line of sight has been developed. Liquid and vapor envelopes of sprays from a multi-hole gasoline fuel injector operating under engine-like conditions were systematically investigated. For the conditions evaluated, the maximum liquid penetration length was found to be inversely proportional to injection pressure. Penetration lengths derived from the elastic scattering envelops and schlieren envelopes were found to be quite similar up until the occurrence of the peak liquid penetration, implying that little vapor exists ahead of the penetrating liquid.
The clinical picture of the Börjeson–Forssman–Lehmann syndrome in males and heterozygous females with PHF6 mutations (2004)

The usual description of the Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is that of a rare, X-linked, partially dominant condition with severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, coarse facial features, long ears, short stature, obesity, gynecomastia, tapering fingers, and shortened toes. Recently, mutations have been identified in the PHF6 gene in nine families with this syndrome. The clinical history and physical findings in the affected males reveal that the phenotype is milder and more variable than previously described and evolves with age. Generally, in the first year, the babies are floppy, with failure to thrive, big ears, and small external genitalia. As schoolboys, the picture is one of learning problems, moderate short stature, with emerging truncal obesity and gynecomastia. Head circumferences are usually normal, and macrocephaly may be seen. Big ears and small genitalia remain. The toes are short and fingers tapered and malleable. In late adolescence and adult life, the classically described heavy facial appearance emerges. Some heterozygous females show milder clinical features such as tapering fingers and shortened toes. Twenty percent have significant learning problems, and 95% have skewed X inactivation. We conclude that this syndrome may be underdiagnosed in males in their early years and missed altogether in isolated heterozygous females.
Studies of TiO2 Breakdown Under Pulsed Conditions (2006)

Model studies of current conduction and breakdown in TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> were carried out. Our simulation results indicate that electrical breakdown of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> under multiple pulsed conditions can occur at lower voltages as compared to quasi-DC biasing. This is in agreement with experimental data. The results are indicative of a cumulative effect. We hypothesize that the lower breakdown voltages observed in TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> under pulsed conditions, is a direct rise-time effect, coupled with cummulative detrapping.
Supplementary Data from The Evolutionary Origins of Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figures S1-S3&lt;/p&gt;
2,4-Decadienal does not induce genotoxic effects in in vivo micronucleus studies (2019)

2,4-Decadienal (E,E-) occurs naturally in foods and is also used as a flavoring ingredient. In vivo micronucleus studies were used to evaluate the potential for 2,4-decadienal to cause genotoxic effects. Male Han Wistar rats were dosed either by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage in two independent studies. The animals (12/group) received 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg bw of 2,4-decadienal via intraperitoneal injection, or 350, 700, or 1400 mg/kg bw via gavage. Dose-dependent decreases in the percentages of peripheral blood reticulocytes were observed in both studies, indicating that the target tissue was exposed to toxic levels of 2,4-decadienal. No induction of micronuclei in the bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes or the peripheral blood reticulocytes was observed in either study. These results, coupled with previous mutagenicity studies, support the overall conclusion that 2,4-decadienal does not present a concern for genotoxicity.
Improvement of Phosphoproteome Analyses Using FAIMS and Decision Tree Fragmentation. Application to the Insulin Signaling Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster S2 Cells (2011)

This report examines the analytical benefits of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for phosphoproteomics analyses. The ability of FAIMS to separate multiply charged peptide ions from chemical interferences confers a unique advantage in phosphoproteomics by enhancing the detection of low abundance phosphopeptides. LC-FAIMS-MS experiments performed on TiO(2)-enriched tryptic digests from Drosophila melanogaster provided a 50% increase in phosphopeptide identification compared to conventional LC-MS analysis. Also, FAIMS can be used to select different population of multiply charged phosphopeptide ions prior to their activation with either collision activated dissociation (CAD) or electron transfer dissociation (ETD). Importantly, FAIMS enabled the resolution of coeluting phosphoisomers of different abundances to facilitate their unambiguous identification using conventional database search engines. The benefits of FAIMS in large-scale phosphoproteomics of D. melanogaster are further investigated using label-free quantitation to identify differentially regulated phosphoproteins in response to insulin stimulation.
SLAM-based Online Calibration for Asynchronous Microphone Array (2012)

Abstract This paper addresses online calibration of an asynchronous microphone array. Although microphone array techniques are effective for sound localization and separation, these techniques have two issues; geometry information on a microphone array or time-consuming measurements of transfer functions between a microphone array and a sound source is necessary, and a fully synchronous multichannel analog-to-digital converter should be used. To solve these issues, we proposed an online framework for microphone array calibration by combining simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), and beamforming. SLAM simultaneously calibrates locations of microphones and a sound source, and clocks differences between microphones every time a microphone array observes a sound event. Beamforming works as a cost function to decide the convergence of calibration by localizing the sound using the transfer functions calculated from the estimated microphone locations and clock differences. We implemented a prototype system based on the proposed framework using extended Kalman filter-based SLAM and delay-and-sum beamforming. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework successfully calibrated an eight-channel asynchronous microphone array both in a simulated and a real environment even when system parameters such as variances are set to be 10 times larger than the optimal values. Furthermore, the error of sound localization with the calibrated microphone array was as small as the desired one, that is, the grid size for beamforming.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Characterization by EXAFS, FTIR, and TEM of Rh‐Sn/SiO2 Catalysts Active for NO‐H2 Reaction. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Black Dahlia tour: Los Angeles, California, USA (2023)

City of Angels, the epicentre of where dreams are made in the form of Hollywood, - has a long history in making stars in front of the silver screen. Countless individuals, fuelled by a desire for fame and nourished by the dazzling lights that call to them, promising fame and fortune a plenty, have ventured to Los Angeles. For a small lucky few, their hopes and dreams are realised – they join their idols in the pantheon of Hollywood legends, and may even etch their names into the very fabric of the city in the Hollywood hall of fame. When the lights fade, however, and the limousines disappear over the horizon, the perils of the pursuit of fame occasionally emerge and the darker underbelly shows. The murder of Elizabeth Short is arguably one of the earliest and most famous cases related to the perils of the pursuit of stardom. Her murder, still unsolved to this day, has sparked numerous books, film adaptations, conspiracy theories and naturally guided tours. There are numerous tours in which the murder of Short is included, but it is also important to note that tours generally cover a range of other high-profile murders including the Manson murders and the murder of actor Sal Mineo.
3. C (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessEncyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition3. CAuthors: Robert E. SheriffRobert E. SheriffProfessor, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chc SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chcFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth editionISBN (print):978-1-56080-118-4ISBN (online):978-1-56080-296-9Copyright: 2002 Pages: 442 publication data© 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2002 CITATION INFORMATION Robert E. Sheriff, (2002), "3. C," Geophysical References Series : 45-77. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chc Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recovery from plasma etching-induced nitrogen vacancies in p-type gallium nitride using UV/O3 treatments (2020)

Plasma etching of p-type GaN creates n-type nitrogen vacancy (VN) defects at the etched surface, which can be detrimental to device performance. In mesa isolated diodes, etch damage on the sidewalls degrades the ideality factor and leakage current. A treatment was developed to recover both the ideality factor and leakage current, which uses UV/O3 treatment to oxidize the damaged layers followed by HF etching to remove them. The temperature dependent I–V measurement shows that the reverse leakage transport mechanism is dominated by Poole–Frenkel emission at room temperature through the etch-induced VN defect. Depth resolved cathodoluminescence confirms that the damage is limited to first several nanometers and is consistent with the VN defect.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Trimetoquinol Derivatives: Novel Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin H2 Antagonists with Diminished β‐ Adrenergic Agonist Activity. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Moving toward the petroclival region: a model for quantitative and anatomical analysis of tumor shift (2007)

Object The authors quantitatively assessed the effects of balloon inflation as a model of tumor compression on the brainstem, cranial nerves, and clivus by measuring the working area, angle of attack, and brain shift associated with the retrosigmoid approach. Methods Six silicone-injected cadaveric heads were dissected bilaterally via the retrosigmoid approach. Quantitative data were generated, including key anatomical points on the skull base and brainstem. All parameters were measured before and after inflation of a balloon catheter (inflation volume 4.8 ml, diameter 20 mm) intended to mimic tumor compression. Results Balloon inflation significantly shifted (p < 0.001) the brainstem and cranial nerve foramina (mean [± standard deviation] displacement of upper brainstem, 10.2 ± 3.7 mm; trigeminal nerve exit, 6.99 ± 2.38 mm; facial nerve exit, 9.52 ± 4.13 mm; and lower brainstem, 13.63 ± 8.45 mm). The area of exposure at the petroclivus was significantly greater with balloon inflation than without (change, 316.26 ± 166.75 mm2; p < 0.0001). Before and after balloon inflation, there was no significant difference in the angles of attack at the origin of the trigeminal nerve (p > 0.5). Conclusions This study adds an experimental component to the emerging field of quantitative neurosurgical anatomy. Balloon inflation can be used to model the effects of a mass lesion. The tumor simulation created “natural” retraction and an opening toward the upper clivus. The findings may be helpful in selecting a surgical approach to increase the working space for resection of certain extraaxial tumors.
Permeation of polyethylene glycols across the tympanic membrane (2021)

Localized and non-invasive delivery of therapeutics across barriers in the body is challenging. Examples include the flux of drugs across the tympanic membrane (TM) for the treatment of middle ear infections, and across the round window to treat inner ear disease. With the emergence of macromolecular therapies, the question arises as to whether such delivery can be achieved with macromolecules. Here, we have used polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in solutions to investigate macromolecular permeation across the TM in the chinchilla <i>ex vivo</i>. As the molecular weight of PEG increased, flux across the TM decreased, with an exponential relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient and the molecular weight of the polymers. PEG flux was further decreased if it was released from a poloxamer 407 hydrogel, and lessened with increasing hydrogel concentration. Our results provide a framework for understanding the permeation of macromolecules noninvasively across barriers.
Oxidative Desulfurization Process Monitoring Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Clean fuel legislation throughout the world is driving the demand for ultralow-sulfur (<10 ppm) diesel (ULSD) fuel. Even though hydrodesulfurization remains the preferred technology to produce ULSD, the high associated costs lead to an increased interest in alternative processes, such as oxidative desulfurization (ODS). Monitoring the reacting species throughout the process is helpful for developing and/or optimizing ODS processes, although this has been difficult in real samples (complex mixtures). In this study, a hydrotreated diesel was subjected to a three-step ODS process (involving oxidation, extraction, and polishing) and thoroughly characterized using two-dimensional gas chromatography (2DGC) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The obtained detailed speciation before and after each process step allows for monitoring the conversion of all sulfur species and assessing the process selectivity. The detailed analyses revealed that sulfur species from all families are converted to the corresponding sulfones. Therefore, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and benzonaphthothiophene sulfones represent 90% of the total sulfur after the oxidation step. The comprehensive characterization revealed that, unlike the conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process, the studied ODS process is selective for the oxidation and removal of HDS refractory sulfur species, such as dibenzothiophene and its alkyl derivatives, and less selective toward conventionally reactive sulfur species, such as thiophenes or benzothiophenes. Therefore, ODS may be used as a complementary method to HDS to achieve ultralow sulfur levels. Hydrocarbon conversion was also investigated, and this molecular class seems largely unaffected by the studied process. Nitrogen compounds are removed after the first process step through oxidation and/or extraction.