gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Bulk silicon micromachining for the scanning thermal profiler and other applications</title> (1994)

It has previously been shown that bulk silicon micromachining using a dissolved wafer process with an impurity based etch stop can be used to fabricate structures with variable thickness, high (thickness-to- width) aspect ratios, and overhanging features, as well as structures with multiple stacked levels. This technology has been further extended in the development of silicon micromachined thermal profilers (SMTPs). The SMTP consists of a polysilicon-gold thermocouple located at the tip of a probe shank that overhangs the edge of the substrate. The probe shank is suspended by flexible beams, and can be electrostatically excited into motion by comb drives. A polysilicon heater is built into the base of the shank to provide a thermal bias. As the thermocouple is scanned across a sample, the varying proximity and temperature of features on the sample surface can be mapped as a function of position, providing high resolution topographic and thermographic information. The same principle can also be used in photothermal absorption spectroscopy, microelectronic metrology, and microflow measurements. Advanced versions of the SMTP suspend the thermocouple on a dielectric diaphragm for improved thermal isolation, and replace it with a thermopile for a larger readout signal. Devices have been fabricated using an IC-compatible, 8 mask, single-sided process that has general applicability beyond the SMTP. Preliminary data from test scans is presented.
Physiologic Determinants of Radiation Resistance in Deinococcus radiodurans (2000)

Immense volumes of radioactive wastes, which were generated during nuclear weapons production, were disposed of directly in the ground during the Cold War, a period when national security priorities often surmounted concerns over the environment. The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is the most radiation-resistant organism known and is currently being engineered for remediation of the toxic metal and organic components of these environmental wastes. Understanding the biotic potential of D. radiodurans and its global physiological integrity in nutritionally restricted radioactive environments is important in development of this organism for in situ bioremediation. We have previously shown that D. radiodurans can grow on rich medium in the presence of continuous radiation (6,000 rads/h) without lethality. In this study we developed a chemically defined minimal medium that can be used to analyze growth of this organism in the presence and in the absence of continuous radiation; whereas cell growth was not affected in the absence of radiation, cells did not grow and were killed in the presence of continuous radiation. Under nutrient-limiting conditions, DNA repair was found to be limited by the metabolic capabilities of D. radiodurans and not by any nutritionally induced defect in genetic repair. The results of our growth studies and analysis of the complete D. radiodurans genomic sequence support the hypothesis that there are several defects in D. radiodurans global metabolic regulation that limit carbon, nitrogen, and DNA metabolism. We identified key nutritional constituents that restore growth of D. radiodurans in nutritionally limiting radioactive environments.
Dual-targeting nanoparticles for reprogrammed T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment (2014)

Meeting abstracts One of the largest obstacles in cancer immunotherapy involves overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment [[1][1]]. While many therapies are focused primarily on activating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, the tumor microenvironment often expresses immunosuppressive
Size tuning of Au nanoparticles formed by electron beam irradiation of Au25 quantum clusters anchored within and outside of dipeptide nanotubes (2009)

Glutathione protected Au25 quantum clusters, exhibiting characteristic fluorescence, have been uniformly coated inside and outside of β-Ala-L-Ile dipeptide nanotubes. These coated structures have been imaged using the inherent fluorescence of Au25. Upon exposure to an electron beam, in a transmission electron microscope, the quantum clusters gradually transform to gold nanoparticles, of the metallic size regime. The nanoparticles grow to a size of 4.5 nm and thereafter the particle size is unaffected by electron beam exposure. The nanotubes are intact and this template is shown to control the uniformity of the size of the nanoparticles grown. The quantum clusters can be loaded selectively inside the tubes using capillarity of the nanotubes. The sizes of the nanoparticles grown are tuned using electron beam exposure.
B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma Associated with t(8;13)(p11;q12)/<b><i>ZMYM2 (ZNF198)-FGFR1</i></b>: Rare Case and Review of the Literature (2013)

Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with fibroblastic growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) abnormalities originate from mutated pluripotent stem cells and have a heterogeneous clinical presentation. There are 12 identified partner genes commonly involved in FGFR1 translocation at an 8p11 breakpoint. In FGFR1-related neoplasms, T-lymphoblastic lymphoma with eosinophilia is the most common clinical scenario, whereas acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL) is rare. To date, only 7 cases of B-ALL/LBL with FGFR1 abnormalities have been reported. Here, we report an additional case of a 64-year-old gentleman with leukocytosis, eosinophilia and diffuse mediastinal and general lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow examination showed patchy infiltrates of immature precursors/blasts, along with myeloid/eosinophilic hyperplasia. Immunophenotyping confirmed increased B lymphoblasts (30-40%). Karyotyping revealed cytogenetic abnormalities, including t(8;13)(p11;q12)/ZMYM2 (ZNF198)-FGFR1 and trisomy 21. The patient did not respond to hyper-CVAD chemotherapy and within 4 months developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia and expired 11 months after the initial diagnosis. Similar cases from the literature are reviewed.
Electron holography on Fraunhofer diffraction (2019)

Electron holography in Fraunhofer region was realized by using an asymmetric double slit. A Fraunhofer diffraction wave from a wider slit worked as an objective wave interfered with a plane wave from a narrower slit as a reference wave under the pre-Fraunhofer condition and recorded as a hologram. Here, the pre-Fraunhofer condition means that the following conditions are simultaneously satisfied: single-slit observations are performed under the Fraunhofer condition and the double-slit observations are performed under the Fresnel condition. Amplitude and phase distributions of the Fraunhofer diffraction wave were reconstructed from the hologram by the Fourier transform reconstruction method. The reconstructed amplitude and phase images corresponded to Fraunhofer diffraction patterns; in particular, the phase steps of π at each band pattern in the phase image were confirmed. We hope that the developed Fraunhofer electron holography can be extended to a direct phase detection method in the reciprocal space.
Inclusion of Saccharina latissima in conventional anaerobic digestion systems (2017)

Loading macroalgae into existing anaerobic digestion (AD) plants allows us to overcome challenges such as low digestion efficiencies, trace elements limitation, excessive salinity levels and accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), observed while digesting algae as a single substrate. In this work, the co-digestion of the brown macroalgae Saccharina latissima with mixed municipal wastewater sludge (WWS) was investigated in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the organic loading rate (OLR) were fixed at 19 days and 2.1 g l<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> of volatile solids (VS), respectively. Initially, WWS was digested alone. Subsequently, a percentage of the total OLR (20%, 50% and finally 80%) was replaced by S. latissima biomass. Optimal digestion conditions were observed at medium-low algae loading (≤50% of total OLR) with an average methane yield close to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. The conductivity values increased with the algae loading without inhibiting the digestion process. The viscosities of the reactor sludges revealed decreasing values with reduced WWS loading at both temperatures, enhancing mixing properties.
New research and explorations into multiuser immersive display systems (2004)

The basic design challenge is to create a system that can display multiple images in a common area, occluding all but the appropriate pair of these images for each user. Thus, the system would deliver a unique image for each eyeball viewing the scene. Solutions fall into four general categories: Spatial barriers use the display's physical configuration and user placement to block users from seeing each other's view. Optical filtering involves systems that filter viewpoints using light's electromagnetic properties, such as polarization or wavelength. Optical routing uses the angle-sensitive optical characteristics of certain materials to direct or occlude images based on the user's position. Time multiplexing solutions use time-sequenced light and shutters to determine which user sees an image at a given point in time. Systems also can mix solutions from these categories. Time multiplexing, for example, could serve to create stereoscopic images, with spatial barriers employed to ensure that each user sees only the correct image.
Effects of deposited charge on impulse test techniques for polymer insulators (2001)

The application of lightning impulses to polymer insulation, including composite insulators, can result in the deposition and retention of significant quantities of charge on the surfaces. This is very evident after withstand impulses near U50. The presence of retained charge means that the polymer test object has a memory of preceding impulses and this compromises the main requirement for determining statistical impulse strength - that each impulse application is a statistically independent test. This means that impulse testing techniques for polymer insulation may need further consideration to account for charge effects.
Tactical UAV Localization Using Coordinated Monopulse Trackers with Low Rate Feedback (2013)

To run a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), efficient information transmission schemes, such as beamforming, are preferred due to the limit of the payload. Therefore, beam tracking and localization algorithms are considered to be one of the key technologies. In this paper, we propose a coordinated UAV localization algorithm for a tactical scenario where the ground receivers are connected with wireless limited lower rate backhaul and are closely spaced. By applying the αβ filter to the conventional scheme, we first show that the localization performance can be improved significantly. We also propose an efficient localization algorithm for a system with low rate limited feedback. Using numerical simulations, we show that the proposed scheme can improve the localization performance while reducing the feedback over conventional scheme.
Communication par Affiche : "Development of plasma fuel cell cores" (2007)

16th International Colloquium on Plasma Processes, 4-8 Juin 2007, Toulouse - France
Towards A Semantic Perceptual Image Metric (2018)

We present a full reference, perceptual image metric based on VGG-16, an artificial neural network trained on object classification. We fit the metric to a new database based on 140k unique images annotated with ground truth by human raters who received minimal instruction. The resulting metric shows competitive performance on TID 2013, a database widely used to assess image quality assessments methods. More interestingly, it shows strong responses to objects potentially carrying semantic relevance such as faces and text, which we demonstrate using a visualization technique and ablation experiments. In effect, the metric appears to model a higher influence of semantic context on judgments, which we observe particularly in untrained raters. As the vast majority of users of image processing systems are unfamiliar with Image Quality Assessment (IQA) tasks, these findings may have significant impact on real-world applications of perceptual metrics.
Discovery of Small‐Molecule Interleukin‐2 Inhibitors from a DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (2012)

Libraries of chemical compounds individually coupled to encoding DNA tags (DNA-encoded chemical libraries) hold promise to facilitate exceptionally efficient ligand discovery. We constructed a high-quality DNA-encoded chemical library comprising 30,000 drug-like compounds; this was screened in 170 different affinity capture experiments. High-throughput sequencing allowed the evaluation of 120 million DNA codes for a systematic analysis of selection strategies and statistically robust identification of binding molecules. Selections performed against the tumor-associated antigen carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) yielded potent inhibitors with exquisite target specificity. The binding mode of the revealed pharmacophore against IL-2 was confirmed by molecular docking. Our findings suggest that DNA-encoded chemical libraries allow the facile identification of drug-like ligands principally to any protein of choice, including molecules capable of disrupting high-affinity protein-protein interactions.
Implementation and Implications of a Stealth Hard-Drive Backdoor (2015)

Modern workstations and servers implicitly trust hard disks to act as well-behaved block devices. This paper analyzes the catastrophic loss of security that occurs when hard disks are not trustworthy. First, we show that it is possible to compromise the firmware of a commercial off-the-shelf hard drive, by resorting only to public information and reverse en-gineering. Using such a compromised firmware, we present a stealth rootkit that replaces arbitrary blocks from the disk while they are written, providing a data replacement back-door. The measured performance overhead of the compro-mised disk drive is less than 1 % compared with a normal, non-malicious disk drive. We then demonstrate that a re-mote attacker can even establish a communication channel with a compromised disk to infiltrate commands and to ex-filtrate data. In our example, this channel is established over the Internet to an unmodified web server that relies on the compromised drive for its storage, passing through the original webserver, database server, database storage en-gine, filesystem driver, and block device driver. Additional experiments, performed in an emulated disk-drive environ-ment, could automatically extract sensitive data such as /etc/shadow (or a secret key file) in less than a minute. This paper claims that the difficulty of implementing such an at-tack is not limited to the area of government cyber-warfare; rather, it is well within the reach of moderately funded crim-inals, botnet herders and academic researchers. ∗Both authors are first authors.
Buoy geometry and its inﬂuence on survivability for apoint absorbing wave energy converter : Scaleexperiment and CFD simulations (2017)

For wave energy to be an economically viable energysource, the technology has to withstand power levelsduring storms that can be close to 50 times higher thanduring normal operating conditions, and ...
Application of Ionized Reactive Oxygen Species for Disinfection of Carcasses, Table Eggs, and Fertile Eggs (2005)

We evaluated the effect of ionized reactive oxygen species created using Binary Ionization Technology (BIT) for disinfection of broiler carcasses, table eggs, and treatment of fertile eggs. Previous research has indicated that BIT creates a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lyse bacterial cells on contact. Application of BIT to broiler carcasses that had been intentionally inoculated with 1.58 × 106 Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE) caused a 1 to 3 log reduction in recoverable SE, depending on the duration of the treatment. Additionally, after inoculation of table eggs with 6.8 × 108 cfu of SE, we recovered SE from 95% fewer eggs following enrichment and found significantly fewer (7.77 and 7.41 log reduction) colony-forming units recovered from eggs treated with BIT compared with nontreated control eggs. We also evaluated whether application of the BIT treatment had any effect on hatchability of broiler breeder eggs to determine whether use of this technology could be feasible in a hatchery environment for disinfection of eggs. There were no significant effects of BIT on the hatchability (of total set) of treated eggs as compared with nontreated control eggs; however, there was a slight numerical increase in hatchability, between 5 and 10% in 2 trials. These data suggest that application of BIT technology to carcasses and table eggs could reduce contamination with pathogens and that the application to fertile eggs may not have effects on hatchability of eggs set.
The effect of femoral component rotation on the extensor retinaculum of the knee (2010)

Malrotation of the femoral component may cause patellofemoral complications after total knee replacement (TKR). We hypothesized that femoral component malrotation would cause excessive lengthening of the retinacula. Retinacular length changes were measured by threading fine sutures along them and attaching these to the patella and to displacement transducers. The knee post-TKR was flexed-extended while the quadriceps were tensed, then the measurements repeated after rotating the femoral component 5 degrees internally and then 5 degrees externally. Internal rotation shortened the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) significantly from 100 degrees to 0 degrees extension. External rotation lengthened the MPFL significantly from 90 degrees to 0 degrees extension. The transverse fibers of the lateral retinaculum showed no significant differences. The MPFL attaches directly from bone to bone, so it was lengthened directly by movement of the trochlea and patella, whereas the deep transverse fibers of the lateral retinaculum attach to the mobile iliotibial tract, so they were not lengthened directly.
Analysis of Doublet Proton Spectra from Laser Implosion Experiments (1985)

Double-peaked energy spectra of deuterium-deuterium protons have been observed from laser implosion experiments at the University of Rochester. These spectra have been used to study implosion dynamics. The energy and broadening of the two peaks relate to distinct burn phases, shock coalescence, and compression. Data are obtained by unfolding the spectra. Using a model for changing target ρR conditions, the proton energy loss and the broadening of each peak determine the fuel compression and temperature for each burn phase. An ion temperature for the shock phase is determined from thermal broadening. The compression peak’s energy broadening and separation from the shock peak is fit to an adiabatic temperature model. Preliminary data suggest that temperatures during both burns are 20% below that predicted by an extensive simulation code. Compressions are also lower than predicted.
Quinoline‐Derived Two‐Photon Sensitive Quadrupolar Probes (2017)

Quadrupolar probes derived from 8-dimethylamino-quinoline (8-DMAQ) having a pegylated fluorene core were prepared and studied under "one-photon" (λ=365 nm) and "two-photon" (TP) (λ=730 nm) irradiation conditions. Compound 1 a was identified as the most efficient probe by UV activation that showed sequential release of acetic acid as a model. Although the probe showed high two-photon absorption it stayed inert under femtosecond irradiation conditions. Fast and selective photolysis was observed, however, by using picosecond irradiation conditions with a remarkably high TP uncaging cross-section (δ<sub>u</sub> =2.3 GM).
ARTemis: Randomized trial with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early breast cancer. (2012)

TPS1144 Background: Bevacizumab is a new humanised monoclonal antibody which targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thereby the neoangiogenic process in cancer. Bevacizumab has shown promising anti-tumour effect when given concurrently with taxane-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. However two neoadjuvant breast cancer trials have produced conflicting results. The NSABP-B40 study showed significant benefit for bevacizumab only in the ER+ve patients (pathological complete response (pCR) in ER+ve population 15.2% vs 23.3%, p=0.008). Whereas the GEPARQUINTO trial reported significant benefit only in the triple negative patients (pCR 27.8% vs 36.4% p=0.021). Methods: ARTemis is a phase III randomised trial to determine whether the addition to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of bevacizumab is more effective than standard chemotherapy alone in patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer. A total of 400 patients will be randomised into each of the two treatment arms which will allow an absolute difference in the pCR rates in excess of 10% to be detected at the 5% (2-sided) level of significance with an 85% power. Primary outcome is pathological complete response rates after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, i.e. no residual invasive carcinoma in the breast, and no evidence of metastatic disease within the lymph nodes. Secondary outcomes are disease free survival, overall survival, complete pathological response rates in breast alone, radiological response after 3 and 6 cycles of chemotherapy and rate of breast conservation and toxicities. Results: Recruitment into ARTemis began in April 2009 and as of January 2012 had recruited 469 (59%). ARTemis is due to complete recruitment by Dec 2012 and the first planned interim analysis of the primary outcome will be Dec 2013. Conclusion: The IDSMC reviewed the trial in June 2011 and recommended continuation of recruitment to this important trial given there were no safety concerns, and results from the other neoadjuvant studies (NSABP-B40 and GEPARQUINTO) are conflicting.
Static and Dynamic Filtration Properties of Aqueous Suspensions of Clays and Electrolytes (1997)

Filtration properties of aqueous colloidal suspensions of clays in presence of electrolytes (NaCI, KCI, CaCI2) have been studied in static and dynamic conditions. Filtration experiments combined with cake observation by cryo-SEM and TEM show the influence of the associating mode of clay particles in suspension on the texture, the permeability and the relaxation properties of the cake. These parameters are very much dependent on the nature of the electrolyte added. In dynamic conditions the construction of the cake is related to the state of aggregation of the clay suspension, its polydispersity and the sensitivity of the aggregates to shear rates. In all cases the build up of the cake is slowed down and dynamic filtrate volumes are larger than static filtrate volumes. The shear rate has two effects : first to dissociate loose aggregates in the suspension and second to exert a granulometric sorting of the particles in the case of a polydisperse suspension. At high shear rate a cake of constant thickness is quickly obtained. The thickness of this cake depends on the fraction of small particles present within the initial suspension or that are formed by dissociation of loose aggregates under dynamic conditions. In dynamic like in static the permeability is controlled by the size and shape of particles that constitute the cake.