gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold, Platinum, and Aluminum Nanodisk Plasmons: Material Independence, Subradiance, and Damping Mechanisms (2011)

Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) are collective electronic excitations in metallic nanoparticles. The LSPR spectral peak position, as a function of nanoparticle size and material, is known to depend primarily on dynamic depolarization and electron structure related effects. The former gives rise to the well-known spectral red shift with increasing nanoparticle size. A corresponding understanding of the LSPR spectral line width for a wide range of nanoparticle sizes and different metals does, however, not exist. In this work, the radiative and nonradiative damping contributions to the LSPR line width over a broad nanoparticle size range (40−500 nm) for a selection of three metals with fundamentally different bulk dielectric properties (Au, Pt, and Al) are explored experimentally and theoretically. Excellent agreement was obtained between the observed experimental trends and the predictions based on electrostatic spheroid theory (MLWA), and the obtained results were successfully related to the specific band structure of the respective metal. Moreover, for the first time, a clear transition from a radiation damping dominated to a quenched radiation damping regime (subradiance) in large nanoparticles was observed and probed by varying the electron density through appropriate material choice. To minimize inhomogeneous broadening (commonly present in ensemble-based spectroscopic measurements), a novel, electron-beam lithography (EBL)-based nanofabrication method was developed. The method generates large-area 2D patterns of randomly distributed nanodisks with well-defined size and shape, narrow size distribution, and tunable (minimum) interparticle distance. In order to minimize particle−particle coupling effects, sparse patterns with a large interparticle distance (center-to-center ≥6 particle diameters) were considered.
Numerical simulation of lower hybrid resonance heating of a two-dimensional magnetized plasma (1974)

The response of a two-dimensional magnetized plasma to excitation by an external field at the lower hybrid frequency is examined by numerical simulation. The ions are magnetized; the electrons are guiding center. It is concluded that (1) the heating is not collisional, (2) heating is greatest for (k/sub perpendicular/rho/sub ci/)$sup 2$ approximately equal to 1, (3) heating is improved for frequencies slightly above the hybrid frequency, (4) and for $omega$/ sub ci//$omega$/sub pi/ greater than 1, and (5) the heating is caused by excitation of a normal mode which leads to mode coupling and subsequent trapping of the ions. The results concur with those of Raimbault and Shohet. (auth)
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF THEBAINE WITH CIS‐ AND TRANS‐DISUBSTITUTED DIENOPHILES (1974)

Abstract Thebain (III) reagiert mit den trans‐Äthylenen (II) zu den Addukten (Ia) bzw. (Ib), mit den cis‐Äthylenen (IV) dagegen" zu Gemischen aus (I) und den Isomeren (V).
Effects of Lamb Waves in a Single-Element High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Transducer (2011)

In a spherical single‐element piezoceramic transducer for HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultrasound) treatment, the modes of plate wave propagation within the ceramic were observed in addition to the pure thickness‐mode vibration in experiment. These may potentially influence the therapeutic effects. In this study, we analyzed the vibrational behavior of an air‐backed single‐element spherical PZT transducer in two ways: by reconstruction of the sound source distribution from the measured ultrasound pressure field, and by numerical simulation of vibration based on a Finite Element Method (FEM). In the two‐dimensional Fourier analysis performed in the time and space domains, the radial wavenumber spectrum at the driving frequency showed a high peak, second to the highest peak corresponding to the uniform vibration. This corresponds to waves propagating as leaky Lamb waves from the circumferential edge towards the center of the spherical transducer. These waves propagate at a constant angle with the shell surface in water, and form the relatively large lobes on the acoustic axis on the nearside of the geometric focus. The acoustic energy of the nearside lobes may cause additional near‐field heating of tissues which should not to be treated.
High-Density Image Storage Using Approximate Memory Cells (2016)

This paper proposes tailoring image encoding for an approximate storage substrate. We demonstrate that indiscriminately storing encoded images in approximate memory generates unacceptable and uncontrollable quality degradation. The key finding is that errors in the encoded bit streams have non-uniform impact on the decoded image quality. We develop a methodology to determine the relative importance of encoded bits and store them in an approximate storage substrate. The storage cells are optimized to reduce error rate via biasing and are tuned to meet the desired reliability requirement via selective error correction. In a case study with the progressive transform codec (PTC), a precursor to JPEG XR, the proposed approximate image storage system exhibits a 2.7x increase in density of pixels per silicon volume under bounded error rates, and this achievement is additive to the storage savings of PTC compression.
Unrepeated Link Distance Increase for 448 Gb/s Channel Transmission by using Large Core Area Fiber (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Meloni, L. Potì, E. Di Nezza, F. Cavaliere, A. D'Errico, R. Magri, and G. Ricci, "Unrepeated Link Distance Increase for 448 Gb/s Channel Transmission by using Large Core Area Fiber," in 2013 18th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference held jointly with 2013 International Conference on Photonics in Switching, (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper TuR1_2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Picosecond degenerate four-wave mixing in polymer films doped with an organic dye (1989)

Organic dyes embedded in polymer matrix form an important class of optical materials. They have been of interest because of their possibility of generating phase conjugated waves by DFWM using cw lasers and their use as optical memories in optical computing. Our aim is to study these recording media using pulse laser radiation and find large nonlinear susceptibilities associated with fast response time. We report picosecond phase conjugation of 532nm laser radiation by DFWM in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films doped with rhodamine 6G. The temporal behavior of the nonlinearity is investigated and our results indicate a fast response time (&lt;30 ps). We have also studied the influence of the dye concentration within the polymer matrix and the influence of pump intensity on the phase conjugated signal.
Kansalaisraati hoivarobotiikan kehityksen työkaluna (2017)

KansalaisraatiTampereella tammi-helmik. 2017. Raati oli ROSE (Robots and the future of welfare services) tutkimushankkeen ja Bioetiikan instituutin jarjestama.
Microfluidic device for label-free measurement of platelet activation (2008)

In this work we demonstrate a new microfluidic method for the rapid assessment of platelet size and morphology in whole blood. The device continuously fractionates particles according to size by displacing them perpendicularly to the fluid flow direction in a micro-fabricated post array. Whole blood, labeled with the fluorescent, platelet specific, antibody PE-anti-CD41, was run through the device and the positions of fluorescent objects noted as they exited the array. From this, histograms of platelet size were created which show marked increases in size after exposure to thrombin or a temperature of 4 °C. We infer that the well known morphological changes that occur during activation are causing the observed increase in size.
Rapid Musculoskeletal MRI with Phase-Sensitive Steady-State Free Precession: Comparison with Routine Knee MRI (2005)

Phase-sensitive steady-state free precession provides rapid 3D joint imaging with robust fat suppression and excellent cartilage delineation.
357. Site-Specific Integration of Immortalization Genes in Human Adult Stem Cells Mediated by DirectIt™ Recombinases (2006)

Expansion of human adult stem cells is hampered by the senescence of the cells. The limited proliferative capacity of human primary cells hinders in vitro studies of growth and differentiation and limits their ability to be genetically modified for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications. Immortalized cells have been successfully produced by transfecting with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), SV40 large T antigen (T-Ag), v-Myc, papillomavirus E6 and E7, adenovirus E1A, and other genes. Previous studies have indicated that hTERT-immortalized cells have fewer karyotypic changes and show features of normal differentiation. However, the current methods of gene insertion in adult stem cells cannot target insertion of transgenes to predetermined locations in chromosomes, thus posing several potential problems including: inappropriate levels or timing of therapeutic gene expression, inactivation of an essential endogenous gene, or activation of an oncogene. Targeting the gene to known locations in the genome is needed for the advancement of safe and effective therapies. We used two DirectIt™ recombinases for insertion of hTERT, T-Ag, or v- Myc genes to endogenous sites in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE). DirectIt™ recombinases are phage integrases that are functional in mammalian cells and catalyze highly efficient unidirectional recombination between short heterologous target sites resulting in integration or deletion of DNA depending on the orientation and location of target sites. In addition, they are efficient at integrating DNA at endogenous pseudo target sequences in human chromosomes. Human MSCs, NSCs and RPE with stably integrated hTERT or T-Ag were selected and expanded. Expanded cultures had telomerase and T-Ag as detected on a western blot and also expressed GFP gene that was included in the plasmid construct . MSCs with stably integrated hTERT or T-Ag have now undergone more than 40 population doublings and continue to proliferate. Identification of genomic integration sites in cells that continue to proliferate is in progress. Identification of the genomic locations that support long term expression of transgene would facilitate future isolation of clones with integrations at that location. These results suggest that DirectIt™ recombinases can be used for precise integration of genes at known genomic locations for research and therapeutic applications.
The side-information median filter for sequence reconstruction (1995)

The side-information median filter (SIMF) is introduced as an extension of the standard median filter (MF) for sequence reconstruction purposes. The SIMF uses the filter input sequence index information for determining the filter output sequence index of an equivalent MF output. The set of SIMF roots is shown to be larger than that of MF roots, including many bounded variations which would be distorted by the MF. Several deterministic and statistical properties are derived for the SIMF, and the SIMF is shown to preserve details in many more sequences than the MF while still maintaining noise impulse-rejection properties similar to those of the MF. Experimental results are presented from sequence reconstruction tasks involving the SIMF, the MF, and other sequence reconstruction filters. Results for both 1-D and 2-D sequences are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Compared with Tumor-Associated Lymphocytes from Ascitic Fluid and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer (2001)

To investigate and compare the phenotype and function of lymphocytes collected from patients harboring advanced ovarian cancer, leukocytes from peripheral blood (n = 18), ascitic fluid (n = 13) and tumor tissues (n = 13) were evaluated for the relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD56 and the early (CD25) and late (HLA-DR) activation markers on CD3+ T cells. The ability to synthesize type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) and a type 2 cytokine (IL-4) was assessed by flow cytometry. In all patients, T cells (CD3+) were the major leukocyte population detected in each tissue, with CD4+ T cells being dominant in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) but not in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) (CD4:CD8 ratios: 3.0 vs. 2.0 vs. 1.0, respectively). CD19+ lymphocytes (B cells) and CD56+ lymphocytes (NK cells) were significantly higher in PBL compared to TAL and TIL (p < 0.05). TAL and TIL had a higher proportion of T cells expressing the late activation marker HLA-DR compared to PBL. In contrast, no significant differences were detected in PBL, TAL and TIL in the expression of the early activation marker CD25. Type 1 cytokines were the dominant type produced by in vitro stimulated T cells for each population, with a greater proportion of IFN-gamma+ T cells in TAL and TIL compared to PBL (p < 0.01), and a higher proportion of IL-2+ T cells in PBL compared with TAL and TIL (p < 0.05). Low percentages of IL-4+ T cells (i.e. Th2) were detected in each tissue. Taken together, these data demonstrate the recruitment and accumulation of high concentrations of antigen-experienced T lymphocytes in TAL and TIL compared to PBL. However, low surface expression of IL-2 receptor (i.e. CD25), as well as depressed intracellular IL-2 production in chronically stimulated TAL and TIL suggests that the impaired antitumor function commonly detected in these lymphocyte populations may be secondary to an acquired dysregulation of the IL-2 pathway.
Synthesis of AB Ring Model System of Taxol via Allylation of 8-Membered Ring Compound and Intramolecular Aldol Condensation (1995)

Abstract 1-t-Butyldimethylsiloxy-8,11,11-trimethylbicyclo[5.3.1]undec-7-en-9-one (2) has been synthesized via intramolecular aldol condensation of the precursor 3 by combined use of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and CeCl3. The dicarbonyl compound 3 was prepared by allylation of 8-membered ring ketone 6b.
Inhibition of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-carbonic anhydrases from bacteria and diatoms withN′-aryl-N-hydroxy-ureas (2018)

The inhibition of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-class carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from bacteria (Vibrio cholerae and Porphyromonas gingivalis) and diatoms (Thalassiosira weissflogii) with a panel of N'-aryl-N-hydroxy-ureas is reported. The α-/β-CAs from V. cholerae (VchCAα and VchCAβ) were effectively inhibited by some of these derivatives, with K<sub>I</sub>s in the range of 97.5 nM - 7.26 µM and 52.5 nM - 1.81 µM, respectively, whereas the γ-class enzyme VchCAγ was less sensitive to inhibition (K<sub>I</sub>s of 4.75 - 8.87 µM). The β-CA from the pathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgiCAβ) was not inhibited by these compounds (K<sub>I</sub>s > 10 µM) whereas the corresponding γ-class enzyme (PgiCAγ) was effectively inhibited (K<sub>I</sub>s of 59.8 nM - 6.42 µM). The δ-CA from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (TweCAδ) showed effective inhibition with these derivatives (K<sub>I</sub>s of 33.3 nM - 8.74 µM). As most of these N-hydroxyureas are also ineffective as inhibitors of the human (h) widespread isoforms hCA I and II (K<sub>I</sub>s > 10 µM), this class of derivatives may lead to the development of CA inhibitors selective for bacterial/diatom enzymes over their human counterparts and thus to anti-infectives or agents with environmental applications.
Hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in cultured adult rat myocytes and the protective effect of platelets and transforming growth factor-beta(1). (1999)

The outcome of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion has been partially attributed to the degree of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Aggregating platelets by release of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) protect the isolated heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury and preserve myocardial TGF-beta(1) content. To gain more insight into the modulation of hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury (apoptosis and necrosis) to myocytes by TGF-beta(1) and aggregating platelets, cultured adult rat myocytes were exposed for 48 or 72 h to hypoxia alone, or to hypoxia followed by 3 h of reoxygenation. Apoptosis in the cells was determined by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining and DNA fragmentation on gel electrophoresis. Hypoxia alone caused a time-dependent increase in myocyte apoptosis (number of apoptotic cells: 19+/-3% at 48 h and 39+/-5% at 72 h compared with 5+/-1% in control cells, based on a 500-cell count). Three hours of reoxygenation after 48 h of hypoxia further increased the number of apoptotic cells (34+/-8 versus 19+/-3% in hypoxia for 48 h), but reoxygenation after 72 h of hypoxia did not additionally increase the number of apoptotic cells, perhaps because of extensive cell necrosis on prolonged hypoxia. Forty-eight hours of hypoxia followed by 3 h of reoxygenation also resulted in a decrease in Bcl-2 and an increase in Fas protein level. Incubation of myocytes with either recombinant TGF-beta(1) (0.5-5 ng/ml) or aggregated platelet supernatant (from 2-3 x10(7) platelets/ml, containing approximately 0.5 ng/ml of TGF-beta(1)) markedly (P<.01) decreased the number of apoptotic cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation. Incubation with TGF-beta(1) also reduced myocyte necrosis as evident from lactate dehydrogenase release and trypan blue dye exclusion. These data demonstrate that hypoxia-reoxygenation results in apoptosis and necrosis in cultured adult rat myocytes; this can be attenuated by TGF-beta(1). Similarity of data with TGF-beta(1) and aggregated platelet supernatant suggests that platelet-mediated cardioprotection during hypoxia-reoxygenation may relate in part to the release of TGF-beta(1).
Resource allocation using fragmented-spectrum synchronous OFDM-CDMA in cognitive radio networks (2014)

This paper presents a fragmented-spectrum synchronous OFDM-CDMA modulation and utilize it as secondary users modulation in a cognitive radio-based network to provide high data rate by efficiently exploiting available spectrum bands in a target spectral range while simultaneously offering multiple-access capability. In particular, given preexisting communications in the spectrum where the system is operating, a channel sensing and estimation method is used to obtain information of subcarrier availability. Given this information, some three-level codes are provided for emerging new cognitive radio users. Furthermore, analytical results of the system performance in a typical cognitive radio network are shown.
Sustained disconnection in sensorimotor pathways results in poor motor function outcome in a term infant after severe white matter injury (2018)

Sustained disconnection of major sensorimotor pathways after WMI confirmed by DTI was used to predict motor function outcome.
Behavior of the mutual coherence function in the unstable surface boundary (1990)

In the unstable surface boundary layer, extremes in optical turbulence structure are encountered that seldom occur in astronomical applications. This is especially true when concern is with regions very near the earth's surface. Quantities defining optical turbulence spectrums, e.g. inner scale, outer scale and C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup>, exhibit distinct vertical structures that might reasonably be expected to influence path dependent turbulence phenomena. Propagation statistics derived using path-indexed turbulence spectrums requiring profiles for turbulent inner and outer scales in addition to C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> may differ from those predicted using the Kolmogorov spectrum, even when path dependence on C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> is included in both cases. To study this problem in an engineering context, the well-known modified von Karman spectrum is used to characterize optical turbulence structure. Because of it's relevance to a wide range of optical turbulence related phenomena, the mutual coherence function is selected as the propagation statistic of interest. To evaluate the mutual coherence function, a weak fluctuation gaussian beam wave model based on direct, high fidelity numerical evaluation of defining integrals is employed. Estimates of the wave structure function and related mutual coherence function are then derived for propagation paths through designated optical turbulence regimes. The vertical structure of optical turbulence is estimated by a model based on similarity theory and the universal equilibrium principle. Behavior of the mutual coherence function for plane and spherical wave propagation may then be examined for near-horizontal linear propagation paths through optical turbulence regimes representing the realistic extremes in structure characteristic of the unstable surface boundary. For purposes of comparison, parallel calculations of the mutual coherence function are performed by extrapolating from commonly employed engineering estimates based on the Kolmogorov spectrum. Differences in the mutual coherence functions derived using these two techniques reflect differences in spectral form, vertical structure in turbulence profiles, and approximations to integral forms typical of engineering applications. Results have significant bearing on the fidelity of standard engineering models employed in the assessment of optical turbulence effects on system design and performance.
Probing the Chain and Crystal Lattice Orientation in Polyethylene Thin Films by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy (2010)

The chain and the crystal unit cell orientation of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were measured with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. A strongly attractive substrate, silicon, and a weakly attractive substrate, mica, were used. For a 100 nm thick LLDPE film on the silicon substrate, the crystals exhibit an edge-on lamellar morphology, with the chains predominantly parallel to the substrate, and the orthorhombic unit cell ⟨a, b, c⟩ in the following approximate orientation: b and c are in the film plane with b along the crystal fibril direction and c perpendicular to the fibril direction and a perpendicular to the film plane. On the mica substrates, LLDPE films with thickness below 180 nm completely dewet the surface and form isolated droplets, while a film 366 nm thick crystallizes as spherulites with most of the chains perpendicular to the substrate before annealing and with a twisted lamellar structure after isothermal crystallization at 60 °C. The results demonstrate that the combination of electron yield NEXAFS and high spatial resolution transmission NEXAFS is a powerful tool to measure the crystal orientation in the polymer thin films on a small length scale.
Effects in the Rat of Intradermal Injection of Purified Proteinases from Streptococcus and Serratia Marcescens (1975)

Purified streptococcal proteinase and Serratia proteinase are potent permeability factors in rat skin and initiate histopathological evidence of an acute inflammatory response. These effects appear to be largely independent of terminal components of complement, histamine, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.