gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ERSAM: Neural Architecture Search For Energy-Efficient and Real-Time Social Ambiance Measurement (2023)

Social ambiance describes the context in which social interactions happen, and can be measured using speech audio by counting the number of concurrent speakers. This measurement has enabled various mental health tracking and human-centric IoT applications. While on-device Socal Ambiance Measure (SAM) is highly desirable to ensure user privacy and thus facilitate wide adoption of the aforementioned applications, the required computational complexity of state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) powered SAM solutions stands at odds with the often constrained resources on mobile devices. Furthermore, only limited labeled data is available or practical when it comes to SAM under clinical settings due to various privacy constraints and the required human effort, further challenging the achievable accuracy of on-device SAM solutions. To this end, we propose a dedicated neural architecture search framework for Energy-efficient and Real-time SAM (ERSAM). Specifically, our ERSAM framework can automatically search for DNNs that push forward the achievable accuracy vs. hardware efficiency frontier of mobile SAM solutions. For example, ERSAM-delivered DNNs only consume 40 mW x 12 h energy and 0.05 seconds processing latency for a 5 seconds audio segment on a Pixel 3 phone, while only achieving an error rate of 14.3% on a social ambiance dataset generated by LibriSpeech. We can expect that our ERSAM framework can pave the way for ubiquitous on-device SAM solutions which are in growing demand.
Bilayer Dielectrics for RRAM Devices (2018)

To implement low power and highly reliable resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices, suitable multi-layer dielectric materials are required. This consists of a switching layer, the oxygen vacancy medium, to form the filament and an oxygen vacancy deficient layer, such as Al2O3 to control the filament rupture. This work explores several different bilayer structures using different dielectrics, electrode materials and processing conditions to reduce power consumption during forming, set and reset operations and to enhance endurance with a large Roff/Ron value for RRAM application. Several transition metal dielectrics (HfAlO2 or HfZrO2) were used as the switching layer on a thin Al2O3. By comparing the forming voltage values, Roff/Ron values and both set and reset power consumption, optimized performance was derived.
DMD-based time-multiplexed autostereoscopic display (2011)

The design of a multiperspective, ‘look around’ time-multiplexed autostereoscopic display featuring eight independent viewing zones is described. In order to achieve full-motion colour imagery, a novel high-framerate image projector, based on a digital micromirror display (DMD) with an interface capable of directly linking to commercial graphical processing units (GPUs), is utilised. A high-speed synchronised liquid-crystal display (LED)-based light engine is employed to allow for high-framerate sequential colour imagery. Real-time interactive rendering of multiperspective imagery with standard GPUs has been demonstrated.
An Object-Tracking Algorithm Based on Multiple-Model Particle Filtering With State Partitioning (2009)

As evidenced by the recent works of many researchers, the particle-filtering (PF) framework has revolutionized probabilistic visual target tracking. In this paper, we present a new particle filter tracking algorithm that incorporates the multiple-model (MM) paradigm and the technique of state partitioning with parallel filters. Traditionally, most tracking algorithms assume that a target operates according to a single dynamic model. However, the single-model assumption can cause the tracker to become unstable, particularly when the target has complex motions and when the camera has abrupt ego-motions. In the new tracking algorithm, a target was assumed to operate according to one dynamic model from a finite set of models. The switching process from one model to another was governed by a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">jump</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Markov</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">process</i> . Based on the improved MM particle filter framework, we offer a new design strategy that adopts the state-partitioning technique and a bank of parallel extended Kalman filters to construct a better proposal distribution to achieve further estimation accuracy. We have conducted extensive testing for the proposed tracking algorithm, and key outcomes were given in the results section. It has been demonstrated by the experiments that this approach gave significantly improved estimations, enabling the new particle filter to effectively track human subjects.
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (2001)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) was first used in clinical practice by Ganter in 1923 (1). The early experiences used a continuous flow and an intermittent technique with manual exchanges. Although the continuous technique gained popularity during the first two decades of clinical application, intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) became the predominant method by the 1940’s (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13). The predilection for IPD was mostly due to the need for only one peritoneal catheter while the continuous technique required two. By the 1960’s IPD was well established and markedly improved (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). Its use for the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure was well accepted. However, the manual procedures were time consuming and expensive since they required the supervision of medical personnel
Assessment of the cervical stiffness in pregnant women using Shear Wave Elastography: A feasibility study (2013)

The quantitative and objective assessment of cervical stiffness has great potential for the estimation of pre-term delivery risk, as well as for the prediction of the success of labor induction. Various methods can be used in vivo for cervical assessment such as vaginal digital examination or static elastography but to our knowledge, none of them can provide a quantitative, absolute and independent evaluation of cervical stiffness in vivo. In this study, such values were obtained in pregnant patients in vivo by using Supersonic shear Imaging technique (SSI). The stiffness of the lower anterior part of the cervix was quantified over a Φ 8 mm region of interest, during vaginal ultrasound examination in 163 pregnant women. We were able i) to assess the range of normal elasticity values throughout the pregnancy, ii) to demonstrate the intra and inter-operator reproducibility of the measurement and iii) to evaluate the potential of SSI for the discrimination of pre-term labour. The elastic modulus of the cervix was found to decrease significantly throughout the pregnancy. This study provides for the first time a database for absolute elastic modulus values of the cervix throughout the pregnancy. Stiffness was observed to decrease with gestional age, which is consistent with results previously obtained using a cervicotonometer. Cervical stiffness is reduced in patients diagnosed with pre-term labour.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory heterogeneity in yeast responding to stress (2017)

From bacteria to humans, individual cells within isogenic populations can show significant variation in stress tolerance, but the nature of this heterogeneity is not clear. To investigate this, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to quantify transcript heterogeneity in single Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells treated with and without salt stress to explore population variation and identify cellular covariates that influence the stress-responsive transcriptome. Leveraging the extensive knowledge of yeast transcriptional regulation, we uncovered significant regulatory variation in individual yeast cells, both before and after stress. We also discovered that a subset of cells appears to decouple expression of ribosomal protein genes from the environmental stress response in a manner partly correlated with the cell cycle but unrelated to the yeast ultradian metabolic cycle. Live-cell imaging of cells expressing pairs of fluorescent regulators, including the transcription factor Msn2 with Dot6, Sfp1, or MAP kinase Hog1, revealed both coordinated and decoupled nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Together with transcriptomic analysis, our results suggest that cells maintain a cellular filter against decoupled bursts of transcription factor activation but mount a stress response upon coordinated regulation, even in a subset of unstressed cells.
Inside Back Cover: Selective Hydrogenation of Lactic Acid to 1,2‐Propanediol over Highly Active Ruthenium–Molybdenum Oxide Catalysts (ChemSusChem 7/2015) (2015)

The Inside Back Cover picture pictures a MoOx-modified Ru catalyst (Ru–MoOx catalyst) and illustrates how the hydrogenation reaction of L-lactic acid occurs over the Ru–MoOx catalyst in aqueous phase. A small amount of MoOx on Ru catalyst (Mo/Ru=1:16) significantly enhanced the activity in this reaction (about 5–6 fold) and provided (S)-1,2-propanediol in high yield with retention of the substrate configuration. The structure of the Ru–MoOx catalyst in the picture, with MoOx dispersed on the Ru metal, was determined by spectroscopic studies and kinetic measurements. More details can be found in the Full Paper by Takeda et al. on page 1170 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403011).
SMK1, a developmentally regulated MAP kinase, is required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of conserved, eukaryotic enzymes that mediate responses to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. In yeast, different signal transduction pathways utilize distinct MAP kinase family members. We have identified a new yeast MAP kinase gene (named SMK1) that is required for the completion of sporulation. Molecular and cytologic markers indicate that meiotic development proceeds normally in homozygous smk1-delta 1 diploids through meiosis II. However, light and electron microscopy show that smk1 asci are defective in organizing spore wall assembly. Consistent with a defect in spore wall assembly, smk1-delta 1 mutant asci display enhanced sensitivities to enzymatic digestion, heat shock, and exposure to ether. SMK1 mRNA, which is not detectable in vegetative cells, is derepressed at least 200-fold just prior to prospore enclosure. We propose that the SMK1 MAP kinase participates in a developmentally regulated signal transduction pathway that coordinates cytodifferentiation events with the transcriptional program.
Cerebrospinal‐fluid Concentrations of Nitrazepam in Man (1977)

The concentrations of nitrazepam in the plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) of 38 neurological patients were determined by gas chromatography 2-36 hours after a single 5 mg oral dose. The percentage ratio between the mean CSF and the plasma concentrations increased from 8.0% at 2 hours to 15.6% at 36 hours. This percentage rise was significant (P less than 0.001). The maximum concentration of nitrazepam in the plasma was 36.7 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (at 2 hours) and CSF 3.0 +/- 0.3 ng/ml (at 4 hours). During the beta-phase the half-life of nitrazepam in plasma was about 27 hours and in the CSF markedly longer about 68 hours, indicating a very slow elimination of nitrazepam from the CSF.
Endowing Carbon Black Pigment Particles with Primary Amino Groups (2009)

A readily synthetic route to endow the surface of hydrophobic carbon black (CB) particles with primary amino groups has been developed. The adsorption of the water-borne polyelectrolyte copolymer poly(vinyl amine-co-vinyl amide) (PVAm) on CB was studied as function of pH and polyelectrolyte concentration. The amino-functionalization process of CB with PVAm strongly depends on pH. As shown by electrokinetic measurement as function of pH, the content of accessible primary amino groups on the surface of CB increases with increasing the OH- concentration. The alternative functionalization of the CB surface with an anionic polyelectrolyte is demonstrated for the adsorption of poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMSA). About 50 mg of PVAm can be adsorbed on 1.0 g of CB, which is sufficient to completely alter the surface net charge. The aim of the introduced functional amino groups is their ability to act as anchoring groups for subsequent surface reactions improving the CB's process ability, compatibility, and adhesion properties.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photochemistry of a Dinuclear Cyanide-Bridged Iron(II)−Platinum(IV) Mixed-Valence Compound and Its Implications for the Corresponding Iron(II)−Platinum(IV)−Iron(II) Complex (1999)

The mixed-valence compound [(NH(3))(5)Pt(IV)(&mgr;-NC)Fe(II)(CN)(5)].6H(2)O was synthesized by the substitution reaction of [Pt(IV)(NH(3))(5)OSO(2)CF(3)](OSO(2)CF(3))(3) and [Fe(II)(CN)(6)](4)(-) in aqueous solution and was characterized by UV/vis, IR, and resonance Raman spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The monoclinic crystal (space group P2(1)/m (No. 11)) consists of a dinuclear, cyanide-bridged Fe(II)-Pt(IV) moiety with unit cell dimensions of a = 9.3241(5) Å, b = 14.0466(7) Å, c = 9.6938(4) Å, beta = 111.467(2) degrees, and Z = 2. There are also an average of six waters of hydration per unit cell. The R-factors for this structure are R = 3.66% and R(w) = 7.90%. The electronic spectrum reveals a broad intervalent (IT) charge-transfer absorption at approximately 420 nm (epsilon = 540 M(-)(1) cm(-)(1)). Both the ground-state spectroscopy and the electrochemistry of this compound are very similar to those of the corresponding trinuclear adduct [(NC)(5)Fe(II)(&mgr;-CN)Pt(IV)(NH(3))(4)(&mgr;-NC)Fe(II)(CN)(5)](4)(-), which has been reported previously. Classical Marcus-Hush theory has been applied in the analysis of the IT band of the dinuclear compound in an effort to elucidate a fuller understanding of the photophysics of the trinuclear complex. The data suggest that this latter, centrosymmetric species can be treated theoretically as two back-to-back dinuclear donor-acceptor (D-A) compounds of the form D-A/A-D, where the Pt(IV) inversion center acts as the acceptor for both halves of the molecule. The photochemistry of the dinuclear complex was also investigated.
A synthetic amino acid substitution of Tyr10 in Aβ peptide sequence yields a dominant negative variant in amyloidogenesis (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, and age is the major nongenetic risk factor for sporadic AD. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid in the brain, which is composed mainly of the amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in the form of oligomers and fibrils. However, how aging induces Aβ aggregation is not yet fully determined. Some residues in the Aβ sequence seem to promote Aβ-induced toxicity in association with age-dependent risk factors for AD, such as (i) increased GM1 brain membrane content, (ii) altered lipid domain in brain membrane, (iii) oxidative stress. However, the role of Aβ sequence in promoting aggregation following interaction with the plasma membrane is not yet demonstrated. As Tyr10 is implicated in the induction of oxidative stress and stabilization of Aβ aggregation, we substituted Tyr 10 with a synthetic amino acid that abolishes Aβ-induced oxidative stress and shows an accelerated interaction with GM1. This variant peptide shows impaired aggregation properties and increased affinity for GM1. It has a dominant negative effect on amyloidogenesis in vitro, in cellulo, and in isolated synaptosomes. The present study shed new light in the understanding of Aβ-membrane interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. It demonstrates the relevance of Aβ sequence in (i) Aβ-membrane interaction, underlining the role of age-dependent enhanced GM1 content in promoting Aβ aggregation, (ii) Aβ aggregation, and (iii) Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Our results open the way for the design of peptides aimed to inhibit Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity.
Structure and motion in two dimensions from multiple images: a least squares approach (2002)

The authors address a special case of the structure from motion problem for static scenes where the camera positions and feature points are confined to the two-dimensional plane. This problem is relevant to indoor mobile robots that construct a map of their environment from vertical line correspondences. The algorithm is based on the minimization of the mean square difference between the projection of the reconstructed scene and the actual image measurements. The formulation of this objective function allows for an arbitrary number of images and feature points; therefore, the algorithm can take advantage of all of the available image data simultaneously. A fast, effective method for minimizing the resulting non-linear objective function is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fisetin Attenuated Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Damage in ARPE-19 Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Through Nrf2-Mediated Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 (2022)

Fisetin is a kind of bioactive flavonol, widely present in various fruits such as strawberries and apples, and is known to act as a potent free radical scavenger. However, the mechanism of action related to the antioxidant activity of this compound in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is not precisely known. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fisetin could attenuate oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity on human RPE ARPE-19 cells. To mimic oxidative stress, ARPE-19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and fisetin significantly inhibited H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced loss of cell viability and increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Fisetin also markedly attenuated DNA damage and apoptosis in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated cells was alleviated in the presence of fisetin as indicated by preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio, and suppression of cytochrome <i>c</i> release into the cytoplasm. In addition, fisetin enhanced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), which was associated with increased expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin, significantly reversed the protective effect of fisetin against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated ARPE-19 cell injury. Therefore, our results suggest that Nrf2-mediated activation of antioxidant enzyme HO-1 may play an important role in the ROS scavenging activity of fisetin in RPE cells, contributing to the amelioration of oxidative stress-induced ocular disorders.
Les psychoses de l'épilepsie (2002)

L'association entre epilepsie et troubles psychiatriques severes est observee depuis l'antiquite, celle avec la schizophrenie est evoquee depuis le debut du siecle mais avec de considerables incertitudes. A partir des annees 1950, de nombreux travaux ont ete consacres a ce sujet. Les patients epileptiques seraient plus a risque de developper une psychose schizophreniforme que la population generale. D'autres tableaux cliniques, dont certains individualises recemment, sont possibles : psychose alternative, affective, post-critique, post-operatoire. Dans cet article, nous presentons les differents aspects des psychoses de l'epilepsie. Leur connaissance permet dans la plupart des cas un diagnotic precis et un traitement approprie.
Multiscale Data Analysis Using Binning, Tensor Decompositions, and Backtracking (2020)

Large data sets can contain patterns at multiple scales (spatial, temporal, etc.). In practice, it is useful for data exploration techniques to detect patterns at each relevant scale. In this paper, we develop an approach to detect activities at multiple scales using tensor decomposition, an unsupervised high-dimensional data analysis technique that finds correlations between different features in the data. This method typically requires that the feature values are discretized during the construction of the tensor in a process called “binning.” We develop a method of constructing and decomposing tensors with different binning schemes of various features in order to uncover patterns across a set of user-defined scales. While binning is necessary to obtain interpretable results from tensor decompositions, it also decreases the specificity of the data. Thus, we develop backtracking methods that enable the recovery of original source data corresponding to patterns found in the decomposition. These technique are discussed in the context of spatiotemporal and network traffic data, and in particular on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data.
Protein and peptide cross sections and mass spectra in an electrostatic ion beam trap (2017)

Among the advantages of an electrostatic ion beam trap (EIBT), which is based on purely electrostatic fields, are mass-unlimited trapping and ease of operation. We have developed a new system that couples an electrospray ion source to an EIBT. Between the source and EIBT there is a Paul trap in which the ions are accumulated before being extracted and accelerated. After the ion bunch has entered the EIBT, the ions are trapped by rapidly raising the voltages on the entrance mirror. The oscillations of the bunch are detected by amplifying the charge induced on a pickup ring in the center of the trap, the ion mass being directly proportional to the square of the oscillation period. The trapping of biomolecules in the RF-bunching mode of the EIBT is used for measurement of mass spectra and collision cross sections. Coalescence of bunches of ions of nearby mass in the self-bunching mode is also demonstrated.
Multiple Binding Sites Contribute to the Mechanism of Mixed Agonistic and Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor (2018)

The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) is an abundant metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptor that has been difficult to address therapeutically because of CNS side effects exerted by orthosteric drug candidates. Recent efforts have focused on developing allosteric modulators that target CB1R. Compounds from the recently discovered class of mixed agonistic and positive allosteric modulators (Ago-PAMs) based on 2-phenylindoles have shown promising functional and binding properties as CB1R ligands. Here, we identify binding modes of both the CP 55,940 agonist and GAT228, a 2-phenylindole allosteric modulator, by using our metadynamics simulation protocol, and quantify their affinity and cooperativity by atomistic simulations. We demonstrate the involvement of multiple adjunct binding sites in the Ago-PAM characteristics of the 2-phenylindole modulators and explain their ability to compete with orthosteric agonists at higher concentrations. We validate these results experimentally by showing the contribution of multiple sites on the allosteric binding of ZCZ011, another homologous member of the class, together with the orthosteric agonist.
Screening and Monitoring in Men Prescribed Testosterone Therapy in the U.S., 2001–2010 (2015)

A substantial number of men prescribed testosterone therapy did not receive testosterone or PSA testing before or after initiating treatment. In addition, almost one out of five treated men had baseline serum testosterone values above the threshold defined as normal by the Endocrine Society. Men treated by endocrinologists and urologists were more likely to have been treated according to guideline recommendations than men treated by other specialties, including primary care.