gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current-driven domain wall motion due to volume spin transfer torque in Co/Ni multilayer systems on Au underlayer (2016)

Abstract We have studied the current-induced domain wall (CIDW) dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni multilayers deposited on Au underlayer, where the conventional spin transfer torque governs the domain wall dynamics, by the Kerr microscope. It is found that the DW angle tilting following Oersted field profile plays an important role in domain wall (DW) motion at high current density J by decreasing DW velocity with the increasing J , while distorting its DW morphology. Also we find that the DW pinning becomes pronounced as the anisotropy decreases by increasing number of Co/Ni repeats. Most remarkably, the DW tilting angle changes its sign by inserting ultrathin Pt layer between Au and Co layer, which suggests that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and spin Hall effect induces opposite effect in DW tilting. Our findings can be of use for application of CIDW to spintronics with perpendicularly magnetized systems.
[Puncture cytology in tumors of the head and neck region]. (1993)

In a series of fine needle aspirations performed in 541 patients with visible and/or palpable lesions in the head and neck, histological results were available in 205 the of cases. The cytological and histological diagnoses were compared. In three of the 205 cases the smears were inadequate for diagnosis. Discrepancies were noted in 18 cases (8.7%), and ten false negatives (specificity 91.2) and eight false positives (sensitivity 92.5). The main diagnostic problem was to differentiate between malignant lymphoma and benign lymphadenopathy. Biopsy is therefore recommended when malignant lymphoma is suspected. In this series both the aspirations and the subsequent evaluation of the smears were carried out by a cytopathologist. We conclude that this model increases the accuracy and reliability of fine needle aspiration in head and neck tumours by reducing the number of non-representative smears.
Biochemical analysis of a novel H-2 class I-like glycoprotein expressed in five AKR-(Gross virus) derived spontaneous T cell leukemias. (1989)

The H-2 class I Ag profiles of five spontaneous AKR (H-2K) Gross virus leukemic cell lines were analyzed. A novel H-2 class I, "alloantigen"-like glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated and isolated from all the tumor cell lines using an H-2Dd-specific mAb 35-5-8. The novel Ag was also recognized in vitro by anti-H-2Dd-specific CTL. In addition, DNA from all the thymomas, but not the DNA from normal adult AKR thymic cells showed a transcribed gene detectable with an H-2Dd-specific oligonucleotide probe. The molecular profile of the novel antigen was further studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by a computer based image analyzer system and reverse-phase HPLC tryptic peptide mapping. Its molecular pattern was different from the syngeneic H-2Kk, H-2Dk, and the allogeneic H-2Dd gene products. The two-dimensional gel pattern of the novel H-2 class I molecule had a different overall structure reflected in isoelectric point, number, and distribution of polypeptide spots. The tryptic peptide map analysis showed six peaks exclusively identified with the novel Ag. The calculated degree of homology with the corresponding H-2Dd, H-Dk, and H-Kk peptides was 41, 56, and 51%, respectively. In addition, an unusual cell surface distribution of the novel Ag was observed in most of the leukemic lines. The removal of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase treatment facilitated the detection of the allodeterminants by anti-H-2Dd-specific mAb and CTL. Furthermore, we showed that in one AKR tumor line, 424, there is a close association of the novel Ag with the syngeneic class I molecules. Prior preclearance of the syngeneic class I molecules revealed the presence of the H-2Dd-like allospecificity. The genetic and molecular relationship between the expression of this novel class I-like glycoprotein and the recently sequenced Q5 gene is under current investigation.
Vitamin D Receptor Controls Cell Stemness in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Normal Bone Marrow (2020)

Vitamin D (VD) is a known differentiating agent, but the role of VD receptor (VDR) is still incompletely described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whose treatment is based mostly on antimitotic chemotherapy. Here, we present an unexpected role of VDR in normal hematopoiesis and in leukemogenesis. Limited VDR expression is associated with impaired myeloid progenitor differentiation and is a new prognostic factor in AML. In mice, the lack of Vdr results in increased numbers of hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells and quiescent hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, malignant transformation of Vdr<sup>-/-</sup> cells results in myeloid differentiation block and increases self-renewal. Vdr promoter is methylated in AML as in CD34<sup>+</sup> cells, and demethylating agents induce VDR expression. Association of VDR agonists with hypomethylating agents promotes leukemia stem cell exhaustion and decreases tumor burden in AML mouse models. Thus, Vdr functions as a regulator of stem cell homeostasis and leukemic propagation.
Benchmarking Monte Carlo simulations against experimental data in clinically relevant passive scattering proton therapy beamline configurations (2016)

Monte Carlo simulations are widely used to calculate secondary neutron doses in proton therapy. When using the passive scattering technique, a small variation in the tumor size or location requires a full adjustment of the beamline configuration. This work thus focuses on modeling all possible beamline elements of the local facility with the MCNPX code while covering the entire clinical range of proton beam energies. This paper documents the experimental validation of realistic beamline configurations dedicated to intracranial tumor treatments, with different sources and beamline elements. Simulations were compared against measurements and treatment planning system (TPS) data considering percentage depth dose distributions (PDD) and relative lateral dose profiles. The results show that simulated and measured PDD distributions differ by no more than 1.6 mm on the proton beam range (tolerance set at 2 mm/2%) for the 162 MeV configuration. Meanwhile, for the modulated lateral dose profiles, the 219 MeV configuration presented the largest difference for the in-plane field width at 90% with 2 mm difference in measurements. The modeled proton sources and beamline elements were validated, and the new realistic geometries can be used to calculate secondary neutron doses to healthy tissues.
On-chip antenna: Practical design and characterization considerations (2010)

This paper highlights the challenges of an emergent field, namely, on-chip antenna design. Consistent with the RF System-on-Chip (SoC) concept, co-design strategy for circuits and on-chip antennas is described. A number of design and layout issues, arising from the highly integrated nature of this kind of systems, are discussed. The characterization difficulties related to on-chip antennas radiation properties are also highlighted. Finally, a novel on-wafer test fixture is proposed to measure the gain and radiation pattern of the on-chip antennas in the anechoic chamber.
An Artificial Agent for Robust Image Registration (2016)

3-D image registration, which involves aligning two or more images, is a critical step in a variety of medical applications from diagnosis to therapy. Image registration is commonly performed by optimizing an image matching metric as a cost function. However, this task is challenging due to the non-convex nature of the matching metric over the plausible registration parameter space and insufficient approaches for a robust optimization. As a result, current approaches are often customized to a specific problem and sensitive to image quality and artifacts. In this paper, we propose a completely different approach to image registration, inspired by how experts perform the task. We first cast the image registration problem as a "strategy learning" process, where the goal is to find the best sequence of motion actions (e.g. up, down, etc.) that yields image alignment. Within this approach, an artificial agent is learned, modeled using deep convolutional neural networks, with 3D raw image data as the input, and the next optimal action as the output. To cope with the dimensionality of the problem, we propose a greedy supervised approach for an end-to-end training, coupled with attention-driven hierarchical strategy. The resulting registration approach inherently encodes both a data-driven matching metric and an optimal registration strategy (policy). We demonstrate, on two 3-D/3-D medical image registration examples with drastically different nature of challenges, that the artificial agent outperforms several state-of-art registration methods by a large margin in terms of both accuracy and robustness.
Late Breaking Abstract - Explore the effective dose of bronchodilator nebulization via high flow nasal cannula in adult COPD and asthma patients (2018)

<b>Background:</b> There has been increasing interest in aerosol delivery to patients without interruption of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), but the effective dose of inhaled medication via HFNC has not been studied. <b>Methods:</b> Stable asthma/COPD patients who met ATS/ERS criteria for bronchodilator response were recruited at the PFT lab in People9s Hospital of Xinjiang, to receive an escalating dosage (.5, 1, 2, and 4mg) of albuterol in 2mL by mesh nebulizer (Aerogen) via heated HFNC (Fisher Paykel) at 50 L/min, after washout period (1-3 days). Doubling doses administered with 15min interval between each dose. Spirometry was measured at baseline and after each dose. Titration stopped when the additional FEV1 improvement was &lt; 5%. <b>Results:</b> 42 patients (16 male) were enrolled and consented, with 13 COPD and 29 asthma. Maximum post-bronchodilator response (FEV1 change) after inhaling albuterol via HFNC was higher than with MDI (.39±.18 vs.34±.12L, p=.03). Using ATS/ERS criteria, 33.3% (14/42) had &gt;12% and &gt;.2L increase of FEV1 at .5mg, and 29 (69%) at 1.5mg. Compared with MDI+spacer, post FEV1 at 1.5mg albuterol via HFNC was greater (2.34±.70 vs 2.29±.72L, p=.02). <b>Conclusion:</b> Bronchodilator delivery via HFNC is similarly effective as MDI with spacer. Standard label dose (2.5mg) of albuterol via HFNC is sufficient to cause bronchodilation for asthma and COPD patients.
Cloud-Based Velocity Profile Optimization for Everyday Driving: A Dynamic-Programming-Based Solution (2014)

Driving style, road geometry, and traffic conditions have a significant impact on vehicles' fuel economy. In general, drivers are not aware of the optimal velocity profile for a given route. Indeed, the global optimal velocity trajectory depends on many factors, and its calculation requires intensive computations. In this paper, we discuss the optimization of the speed trajectory to minimize fuel consumption and communicate it to the driver. With this information the driver can adjust his/her speed profile to reduce the overall fuel consumption. We propose to perform the computation-intensive calculations on a distinct computing platform called the “cloud.” In our approach, the driver sends the information of the intended travel destination to the cloud. In the cloud, the server generates a route, collects the associated traffic and geographical information, and solves the optimization problem by a spatial domain dynamic programming (DP) algorithm that utilizes accurate vehicle and fuel consumption models to determine the optimal speed trajectory along the route. Then, the server sends the speed trajectory to the vehicle where it is communicated to the driver. We tested the approach on a prototype vehicle equipped with a visual interface mounted on the dash of a test vehicle. The test results show 5%-15% improvement in fuel economy depending on the driver and route without a significant effect on the travel time. Although this paper implements the speed advisory system in a conventional vehicle, the solution is generic, and it is applicable to any kind of powertrain structure.
MEMS Photonic Networks For Parallelized Matrix Multiplication Using Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (2021)

We study dispersion models and design variations for programmable MEMS photonic networks to analyze scalability of parallel matrix-vector multiplication, which is a core element of commercially viable and energy-efficient photonic neural network accelerator chips.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND REAKTIONEN VON METALLKOMPLEXEN MIT PORPHINOIDEM LIGANDSYSTEM 1. MITT. (3,3,4,4‐TETRAMETHYL‐5‐IMINO‐1‐PYRROLIN‐2‐YL)‐(3′,3′,4′,4′‐TETRAMETHYL‐5′‐IMINOPYRROLIDIN‐2′‐YLIDEN)‐METHAN, EIN ZWISCHENPRODUKT ZUR SYNTHESE VON HEXAHYDROPORPHINEN (1975)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (V) wird durch Umsetzung des Bernsteinsäuredinitrils (I) mit Methyl‐MgJ (II) in siedendem Toluol dargestellt und UV‐, IR‐, NMR‐ sowie massenspektroskopisch charakterisiert.
Carboxylic Acid Isostere Derivatives of Hydroxypyridinones as Core Scaffolds for Influenza Endonuclease Inhibitors (2022)

Among the most important influenza virus targets is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase acidic N-terminal (PA<sub>N</sub>) endonuclease, which is a critical component of the viral replication machinery. To inhibit the activity of this metalloenzyme, small-molecule inhibitors employ metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) that coordinate to the dinuclear Mn<sup>2+</sup> active site. In this study, several metal-binding isosteres (MBIs) were examined where the carboxylic acid moiety of a hydroxypyridinone MBP is replaced with other groups to modulate the physicochemical properties of the compound. MBIs were evaluated for their ability to inhibit PA<sub>N</sub> using a FRET-based enzymatic assay, and their mode of binding in PA<sub>N</sub> was determined using X-ray crystallography.
Alkylation of cellulosic membranes results in reduced complement activation (1996)

4-Vinyl pyridine was grafted to the surface of the cellulosic membrane Cuprophan, and subsequently alkylated with both C10 and C16 aliphatic chains. Complement activation of heparinized human blood, corrected for anaphylatoxin adhesion, was measured by radioimmunoassay. The surface treatments both yielded substantial reductions in C5a activity, with a lessor reduction in C3a and C4a activity. Alkylation with 10 and 16 carbon chains resulted both in enhancements of albumin adsorption and stability. These enhancements as well as the reductions in complement activation were statistically indistinguishable between the two treatments. The reduction in complement activation was influenced more by adsorption of endogenous albumin and possibly by the vinyl pyridine graft, than the removal of surface active hydroxyl groups from Cuprophan.
Multidimensional quantitative analysis of mRNA expression within intact vertebrate embryos (2018)

For decades, <i>in situ</i> hybridization methods have been essential tools for studies of vertebrate development and disease, as they enable qualitative analyses of mRNA expression in an anatomical context. Quantitative mRNA analyses typically sacrifice the anatomy, relying on embryo microdissection, dissociation, cell sorting and/or homogenization. Here, we eliminate the trade-off between quantitation and anatomical context, using quantitative <i>in situ</i> hybridization chain reaction (qHCR) to perform accurate and precise relative quantitation of mRNA expression with subcellular resolution within whole-mount vertebrate embryos. Gene expression can be queried in two directions: read-out from anatomical space to expression space reveals co-expression relationships in selected regions of the specimen; conversely, read-in from multidimensional expression space to anatomical space reveals those anatomical locations in which selected gene co-expression relationships occur. As we demonstrate by examining gene circuits underlying somitogenesis, quantitative read-out and read-in analyses provide the strengths of flow cytometry expression analyses, but by preserving subcellular anatomical context, they enable bi-directional queries that open a new era for <i>in situ</i> hybridization.
Autonomous frequency planning for GSM networks (2004)

Frequency planning is one of the more expensive aspects of deploying a network. If a set of base stations (BS's) can be deployed with minimal service and planning, the cost of both deploying and maintaining the network will decrease. This work presents a decentralized algorithm for BS's to determine their frequency assignments by listening to key information from other BS's. The synchronization information is sent via a low-power spread-spectrum signal.
Clonal and antigenic analysis of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis with particular reference to epidemiological features of epidemic meningitis in the People's Republic of China (1992)

Representative strains of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis were chosen from all major meningitis epidemics worldwide since 1960 and subjected to analysis for the electrophoretic variation of 15 cytoplasmic allozymes and four outer membrane proteins. The 290 strains defined 84 unique electrophoretic types which were classified in nine subgroups. Tests with monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved pilin epitopes showed that the class I, IIa, and IIb epitopes were uniform within the subgroups. Similarly, the subgroups were uniform for expression of different variable regions of class 1 outer membrane protein, with a few minor exceptions. Many of the bacteria tested were isolated in the People's Republic of China, and the epidemiology of Chinese epidemics of meningococcal meningitis is described. The analysis approaches a global description of epidemic meningitis caused by serogroup A meningococci in the past 30 years.
Rituximab With Involved Field Irradiation for Early‐stage Nodal Follicular Lymphoma (2018)

The MabThera and Involved field Radiotherapy study investigated efficacy and safety of involved field (IF) radiotherapy in combination with the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab for early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) in a prospective, single-arm multicenter phase 2 design. Eighty-five stage I-II FL patients received 8 cycles of Rituximab (375 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) and IF irradiation (30/40 Gy). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) 2 years from treatment start. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), complete response rates, toxicity, quality of life, and minimal residual disease (MRD) response with protocol defined visits up to month 30. For the primary endpoint, PFS at 2 years was 85% for the intention-to-treat set. Long-term data were captured in selected sites and evaluated as post hoc analysis in the per protocol (PP) set: PFS and OS were 78% and 96% at 5 years with a median follow-up of 66 or 78 months, respectively. There were 17/76 recurrences in the PP set, of which 14 were outside the radiation volume only. MRD analyses revealed a clonal marker in 36% of patients at diagnosis. All but 1 marker positive patients experienced a molecular treatment response. There were 13 serious adverse events (4 related to the therapy) during the first 30 months. IF radiotherapy combined with Rituximab is well tolerated and highly efficient with low rates of recurrence in the first years in early-stage FL. The efficacy is comparable with more aggressive therapy approaches without compromising the quality of life and maintains for an extended follow-up of more than 5 years.
TMIC-12. COMPLEMENT SIGNALING IN HYPOXIC NICHES OF THE GLIOMA MICROENVIRONMENT (2022)

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite treatment through surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy, all patients suffer recurrence of treatment-resistant tumors. Previous studies from our lab showed that astrocytes become reactive and generate tumor-supportive conditions for glioma cells, when exposed to hypoxia or irradiation. Reactive astrocytes are known to upregulate proteins of the complement system, especially complement component 3 (C3), in several neurological disorders. However, it remains unexplored how these complement proteins are expressed in stromal astrocytes in glioblastoma. Tissue sections from a glioma mouse model showed presence of C3 in the invasive front, and in hypoxic, and perivascular spaces of the tumors, where there is an abundance of astrocytes. C3 expression co-localized with Nestin and CD44, two markers of mesenchymal and/or stem-like glioma cells. Primary human astrocytes grown in hypoxic conditions upregulated C3 as well as other proteins associated with a more extensive infiltrative phenotype of glioblastoma. In general, a strong correlation between hypoxia (195 genes) and complement (200 genes) gene signatures were found in TCGA GBM dataset (R= 0.82, p-value= 0). Single-cell sequencing data from primary GBM tumors showed a subpopulation of highly C3-expressing astrocytes, which were enriched for cellular pathways comprising epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), TNF-alpha, complement, hypoxia, and interferon signaling. Human glioma cell lines from proneural, classical and mesenchymal subtypes all showed increased CAIX and GLUT1 expression grown under lower oxygen tensions, while two out of three subtypes showed upregulation of stemness markers (OCT4 and NANOG1) as well as C3 and C3aR. Overall, our data indicate a strong link between hypoxia and complement expression in the brain tumor microenvironment, where a local expression of complement proteins could possibly lead to tumor promoting signaling, which will be further explored.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Cuprate Formation via Transmetalation Between Vinylstannanes and Higher Order Cyanocuprates. (1988)

Abstract The title reaction represents a novel route to higher order mixed vinyl cyanocuprates such as (III) and (VIII).
A Facile Approach to High Precision Detection of Cell-to-Cell Variation for Li-ion Batteries (2020)

Over the past decade, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that homogeneity in electrochemical performance of lithium-ion cells plays a major role in determining the life and safety of lithium-ion battery modules or packs. Generally, the homogeneity of a battery pack is evaluated by characterizing the cells individually in terms of capacity, mass, impedance. Particularly, high quality electrochemical data heavily relies on the availability of high precision current source to minimize the discrepancy induced by the channel-to-channel variation. Here, a facile and precise measurement method is reported for screening cell-to-cell variations, in which voltage is the only indicator parameter independent of high precision current source. In detail, by connecting the cells in series (CiS), the measurement error of electrochemical data caused by stability and discrepancy of current sources among different charge/discharge equipment can be effectively avoided. The findings of this work showed that the cell-to-cell variations can be simply and sensitively detected with CiS configuration. For example, the relative standard deviation, which is the evaluation criterion of battery homogeneity, was 2.14% based on CiS while it was 0.43% based on individual measurements. The simple and precise CiS measurement is promising for evaluation of cell quality or module integration quality. In addition, this work can also provide a solid foundation for the development of detection algorithms for battery management systems to rapidly monitor battery homogeneity.