gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties, Preparation and Synthetic Uses of AmineN-Oxides. An Update (2009)

This review covers practical aspects of the preparation, handling and use of all types of amine N-oxides. It aims to provide both an encyclopedic overview of the general chemistry of tertiary, hete...
Neurovascular and Neurometabolic Uncoupling in the Visual Cortex (2012)

The quest to understand the functional organization of the brain by assessing changes in brain circulation has occupied scientists for more than a century. Significant increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) accompany brain activity. The direct relationship between CBF and brain activity has been known since 1881(1). For more than a century, neuroscientists have assumed that increased metabolic demands in response to brain activation drive the elevation of CBF. Researchers could not investigate the hypothesis further until the 1980s, with the development of positron emission tomography (PET), a noninvasive imaging method to measure hemodynamic and metabolic changes in response to taskinduced brain activation. Using PET and visual stimulation, Fox and colleagues (2) found that CBF increases were linearly coupled with neuronal activity as expected; however, changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were significantly lower than that of CBF. The CBF–CMRO2 “uncoupling” phenomenon therefore contradicts the early hypothesis.
Molecular, Structural and Immunological Characterization of Der p 18, a Chitinase-Like House Dust Mite Allergen (2016)

Der p 18 is a rather genus-specific minor allergen with weak chitin-binding activity but exhibits allergenic activity and therefore should be included in diagnostic test panels for HDM allergy.
CARP-1 Functional Mimetics Are a Novel Class of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells (2014)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related thoracic malignancy that is characterized by late metastases, and resistance to therapeutic modalities. The toxic side-effects of MPM therapies often limit their clinical effectiveness, thus necessitating development of new agents to effectively treat and manage this disease in clinic. CARP-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a novel class of compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. Here we investigated MPM cell growth suppression by the CFMs and the molecular mechanisms involved. CFM-1, -4, and -5 inhibited MPM cell growth, in vitro, in part by stimulating apoptosis. Apoptosis by CFM-4 involved activation of pro-apoptotic stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) p38 and JNK, elevated CARP-1 expression, cleavage of PARP1, and loss of the oncogene c-myc as well as mitotic cyclin B1. Treatments of MPM cells with CFM-4 resulted in depletion of NF-κB signaling inhibitor ABIN1 and Inhibitory κB (IκB)α and β, while increasing expression of pro-apoptotic death receptor (DR) 4 protein. CFM-4 enhanced expression of serine-phosphorylated podoplanin and cleavage of vimetin. CFMs also attenuated biological properties of the MPM cells by blocking their abilities to migrate, form colonies in suspension, and invade through the matrix-coated membranes. Both podoplanin and vimentin regulate processes of cell motility and invasion, and their expression often correlates with metastatic disease, and poor prognosis. The fact that phosphorylation of serines in the cytoplasmic domain of podoplanin interferes with processes of cellular motility, CFM-4-dependent elevated phosphorylated podoplanin and cleavage of vimentin underscore a metastasis inhibitory property of these compounds, and suggest that CFMs and/or their future analogs have potential as anti-MPM agents.
Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik (2017)

No AccessElektrifizierung in der FahrzeugtechnikOct 2017Grundlagen der ElektrotechnikOliver ZirnOliver Zirnhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446453647.002SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 14-120Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45094-3eISBN: 978-3-446-45364-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Production of monoclonal antibodies against Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae and their use to investigate differences in virulence (1994)

Four Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae isolates from mango black spot lesions were grouped according to differences in virulence and used to raise monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Two immunization approaches were followed. In the first, four groups of mice were immunized, each with a different isolate and the spleens from each group homogenized together for cell fusion. The second approach entailed immunization of a single group of mice with bacteria pooled from all four isolates. The resultant mAbs were characterized with regard to the antigen binding specificity and antibody class. A relationship between mAb binding specificity and virulence of the bacteria was shown by Western blot analysis.
RAPToR: A Resampling Algorithm for Pseudo-Polar based Tomographic Reconstruction (2017)

We propose a stable and fast reconstruction technique for parallel-beam (PB) tomographic X-ray imaging, relying on the discrete pseudo-polar (PP) Radon transform. Our main contribution is a resampling method, based on modern sampling theory, that transforms the acquired PB measurements to a PP grid. The resampling process is both fast and accurate, and in addition, simultaneously denoises the measurements, by exploiting geometrical properties of the tomographic scan. The transformed measurements are then reconstructed using an iterative solver with total variation (TV) regularization. We show that reconstructing from measurements on the PP grid, leads to improved recovery, due to the inherent stability and accuracy of the PP Radon transform, compared with the PB Radon transform. We also demonstrate recovery from a reduced number of PB acquisition angles, and high noise levels. Our approach is shown to achieve superior results over other state-of-the-art solutions, that operate directly on the given PB measurements. The proposed method can benefit fan-beam and/or cone-beam projections by coupling it with a rebinning process.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF (2‐L‐BETA‐(PYRAZOLYL‐3)ALANINE)‐LUTEINIZING HORMONE‐RELEASING HORMONE (1974)

Abstract Aus dem Azid (I) erhält man mit dem Peptid (II) das Kondensat ionsprodukt (III), aus dem ein Gemisch aus den Peptiden (IV) und (V) erhalten wird.
The selective effects of charged local anaesthetics on the glucagon‐ and fluoride‐stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of rat‐liver plasma membranes (1980)

The cationic local anaesthetics carbocaine and nupercaine were found to increase the fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase up to a maximum level; above this maximum level further increases in drug concentration inhibited the enzyme. At concentrations where this activity was stimulated, a fatty acid spin label detected an increase in bilayer fluidity, which, it is suggested, is responsible for the activation of the enzyme. A solubilized enzyme was unaffected by the drugs, a finding consistent with this proposal. These cationic drugs began to inhibit the glucagon-stimulated activity at concentrations where they activated the fluoride-stimulated activity. It is suggested that this is due to their effect on the coupling interaction between the receptor and catalytic unit. The anionic drugs, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and salicylic acid, all inhibited the fluoride-stimulated enzyme. This may be due in part to a direct effect on the protein and in part to the interaction of the drugs with the bilayer. The drugs had small inhibitory effects on the lubrol-solubilized enzyme. The glucagon-stimulated enzyme was initially inhibited by the anionic drugs at low concentrations, then activated, and finally inhibited with increasing drug concentration. The reasons for such changes are complex, but there was no evidence from electron spin resonance studies to suggest that the elevations in activity were due to increases in bilayer fluidity.
Macroblock type selection for compressed domain down-sampling of MPEG video (2003)

Digital video databases in compressed form are becoming widely available. In applications such as video browsing, and picture in picture, for a lower bitrate there is a need to down-sample the video before transmission. The conventional approach to downscale a compressed video sequence is to decompress it at the video server, perform the down-sampling in the pixel domain and recompress it again for efficient delivery. This process is computationally expensive due to the motion estimation process needed during the recompression phase. In the alternative compressed domain based approach the downscaled motion vectors are computed directly from the original ones. We propose a method to improve the process of downscaling in the compressed domain by better selecting the motion prediction type of P and B frame macroblocks. Simulations suggest that the proposed scheme improves the compressed domain down-sampling quality by up to 2.2 dB without any substantial increase in computation.
Thermal Simulation of Cavitation-Enhanced Ultrasonic Heating Verified with Tissue-Mimicking Gel (2012)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) causes selective tissue necrosis through heating and is used as a noninvasive treatment in cancer therapy. However, there is a problem that it takes several hours to treat a large tumor. To shorten the treatment time, there is need for the development of a highly efficient method. It is known that cavitation bubbles generated by HIFU enhance the heating effect of ultrasound. In this study, the enhancement of the heating effect due to cavitation was considered in the bio-heat transfer equation (BHTE) by increasing the absorption coefficient in the region of generated cavitation. The absorption coefficient was calculated by curve fitting between the temperature rise at the focal point in the experiment and that in the simulation. The results show that the increased absorption can simulate the enhancement of the temperature rise by cavitation bubbles.
Neural Puppet: Generative Layered Cartoon Characters (2020)

We propose a learning based method for generating new animations of a cartoon character given a few example images. Our method is designed to learn from a traditionally animated sequence, where each frame is drawn by an artist, and thus the input images lack any common structure, correspondences, or labels. We express pose changes as a deformation of a layered 2.5D template mesh, and devise a novel architecture that learns to predict mesh deformations matching the template to a target image. This enables us to extract a common low-dimensional structure from a diverse set of character poses. We combine recent advances in differentiable rendering as well as mesh-aware models to successfully align common template even if only a few character images are available during training. In addition to coarse poses, character appearance also varies due to shading, out-of-plane motions, and artistic effects. We capture these subtle changes by applying an image translation network to refine the mesh rendering, providing an end-to-end model to generate new animations of a character with high visual quality. We demonstrate that our generative model can be used to synthesize in-between frames and to create data-driven deformation. Our template fitting procedure outperforms state-of-the-art generic techniques for detecting image correspondences.
Surface-mediated reactions. 3. Hydrohalogenation of alkenes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-mediated reactions. 3. Hydrohalogenation of alkenesPaul J. Kropp, Kimberlee A. Daus, Mark W. Tubergen, Keith D. Kepler, Vincent P. Wilson, Stephen L. Craig, Michelle M. Baillargeon, and Gary W. BretonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8, 3071–3079Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00061a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2042Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5-fluorouracil-resistant colonic tumors are highly responsive to sodium butyrate/interleukin-2 bitherapy in rats (1997)

Advanced colorectal cancer is generally refractory to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. This is linked to the emergence of resistant cell populations, probably due to a selection process. The identification of molecular markers and the improvement of alternative therapies thus remain important. We have used as an experimental model a rat colon cancer cell line (PROb), which exhibits features similar to those of the human situation. 5-FU treatment of rats bearing PROb tumors enhanced their survival but did not lead to cure. A PROb 5-FU-resistant subline (PRObR1) was obtained by continuous in vitro exposure to 5-FU. Resistance to 5-FU was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in thymidylate synthase activity and a substantially higher incorporation of thymidine in the presence of 5-FU, compared with parental PROb cells. Unexpectedly, in syngeneic rats, PRObR1 tumors exhibited delayed growth when compared with parental PROb tumors. This was ascribed to an increased sensitivity of PRObR1 cells to host immune response since no growth delay was observed in immunocompromised nude mice and since there was no detectable difference in proliferation rates between PROb and PRObR1 cells. 5-FU treatment was inefficient in prolonging the survival of rats bearing PRObR1 tumors. In contrast, an immunotherapeutic protocol combining sodium butyrate and recombinant interleukin-2 (NaBut/rIL-2) cured 80% of the rats bearing established PRObR1 tumors. Our results suggest that NaBut/rIL-2 treatment is efficient against 5-FU-chemoresistant rat colon cancer.
Active transmitarray antenna based on near-zero-index metalens (2014)

By combining a transmitarray-based controllable phase-delay surface with a near-zero-index collimating metalens, a compact, high-gain, upper-hemisphere scanning antenna can be constructed. The ability of the ZIM lens to produce a nearly uniform field amplitude and phase across its surface provides an efficient input for the transmitarray phase-control surface, which can then simply be controlled by addressing the appropriate rows and columns.
Progress in silicon platforms for integrated optics (2013)

Abstract Rapid progress has been made in recent years repurposing CMOS fabrication tools to build complex photonic circuits. As the field of silicon photonics becomes more mature, foundry processes will be an essential piece of the ecosystem for eliminating process risk and allowing the community to focus on adding value through clever design. Multi‐project wafer runs are a useful tool to promote further development by providing inexpensive, low‐risk prototyping opportunities to academic and commercial researchers. Compared to dedicated silicon manufacturing runs, multi‐project‐wafer runs offer cost reductions of 100× or more. Through OpSIS, we have begun to offer validated device libraries that allow designers to focus on building systems rather than modifying device geometries. The EDA tools that will enable rapid design of such complex systems are under intense development. Progress is also being made in developing practical optical and electronic packaging solutions for the photonic chips, in ways that eliminate or sharply reduce development costs for the user community. This paper will provide a review of the recent developments in silicon photonic foundry offerings with a focus on OpSIS, a multi‐project‐wafer foundry service offering a silicon photonics platform, including a variety of passive components as well as high‐speed modulators and photodetectors, through the Institute of Microelectronics in Singapore.
Video 1 from CD20-TCB with Obinutuzumab Pretreatment as Next-Generation Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Video 1. In vitro visualization of the dynamics of untargeted TCB (white) during the interaction between CD8+ T-cells (green) and tumor cells (blue).&lt;/p&gt;
Detection of explosive vapors : development and performances of a fluorescence sensor (2010)

International audience
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of human erythrocyte band 3 (1995)

A cytoplasmic domain of the human erythrocyte membrane protein band 3 (M(r) = 42,500), residues 1-379, expressed in and purified from E. coli, has been crystallized by the method of vapor diffusion in sitting drops with subsequent streak-seeding at room temperature. Initial crystals were grown from solutions containing 65-68% saturated ammonium sulfate at pH 4.9 and 2 mg/ml protein. Subsequent streak-seeding into solutions of 50-53% ammonium sulfate at pH 4.9 and 7 mg/ml protein produced single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis, which contained pure protein as revealed by gel electrophoresis. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group C2 with cell dimensions of a = 178.8 A, b = 90.5 A, c = 122.1 A, and beta = 131.3 degrees and diffract at least to 2.7 A resolution (at 100 K). A self-rotation function shows the presence of approximate 222 local symmetry.
NASH - Diagnostik und Therapie: eine Übersicht (2007)

Die nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  NAFLD) ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für erhöhte Leberfunktionsparameter und umfaßt die Steatosis hepatis, die nicht-alkoholische Steatohepatitis und die daraus resultierende Leberzirrhose. Die Pathogenese läßt sich vermutlich auf eine bestehende Insulinresistenz und auf verstärkten oxidativen Streß zurückführen. Aus diesem Grund zielt die Behandlung der NAFLD auf die Verbesserung der Insulinresistenz sowie der antioxidativen Mechanismen ab, wobei das Hauptaugenmerk auf einer Lebensstilmodifikation mit Gewichtsreduktion und regelmäßiger Bewegung liegt. Medikamentöse Therapien können derzeit noch nicht empfohlen werden, da Studien, die einen positiven Effekt auf Morbidität und Mortalität zeigen würden, noch fehlen.
Achieving Congruence among Reference Laboratories for Absolute Abundance Measurement of Analytes for Rare Diseases: Psychosine for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Krabbe Disease (2020)

Measurement of the absolute concentration of the biomarker psychosine in dried blood spots (DBS) is useful for diagnosis and prognosis of Krabbe disease and to support newborn screening of this leukodystrophy. As for assays for more common diseases, it is important to achieve congruence when multiple clinical laboratories provide testing. Four clinical laboratories, one research laboratory, and a commercial vendor collaborated with the goal to achieve congruence in quantitative psychosine measurement in DBS. A set of DBS calibrators was prepared by a single vendor and used in each reference laboratory to make a standard curve of measured psychosine in DBS versus the stated calibrator psychosine level. Congruence between the participating five laboratories was achieved using the psychosine DBS calibrators. This allowed application of disease-specific reference ranges obtained by the reference laboratory with the most extensive data by the other reference laboratories. Congruence between multiple reference laboratories in the measurement of the absolute concentration of biomarkers in DBS (and by extension other samples) is possible by the use of a common set of DBS calibrators.
AFM Imaging?Reliable or Not?: Validation and Verification of Images in Atomic Force Microscopy (2013)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was invented in 1986 [1]. By using a compliant flexure probe, such as a microcantilever beam with a sharp tip at one end, the interaction forces between atoms on the probe-tip and atoms on the material surface can be measured (see Figure 1). Since its invention, the simple strategy of using a beam with a sharp tip is now being employed to measure many diverse properties of matter at the nanometer scale including electrical, magnetic, chemical, and mechanical properties [2]. Many different operational modes have evolved that have demonstrated the versatility of the basic underlying principle [3]. AFM has led to many seminal insights in science such as obtained in the recent imaging of pentacene molecules with subatomic resolution [4].
Multiparametric MRI characterization of knee articular cartilage and subchondral bone shape in collegiate basketball players (2020)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to evaluate the morphology of the knee in athletes with high-knee impact; however, complex repeated loading of the joint can lead to biochemical and structural degeneration that occurs before visible morphological changes. In this study, we utilized multiparametric quantitative MRI to compare morphology and composition of articular cartilage and subchondral bone shape between young athletes with high-knee impact (basketball players; n = 40) and non-knee impact (swimmers; n = 25). We implemented voxel-based relaxometry to register all cases to a single reference space and performed a localized compositional analysis of T <sub>1ρ</sub> - and T <sub>2</sub> -relaxation times on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Additionally, statistical shape modeling was employed to extract differences in subchondral bone shape between the two groups. Evaluation of cartilage composition demonstrated a significant prolongation of relaxation times in the medial femoral and tibial compartments and in the posterolateral femur of basketball players in comparison to relaxation times in the same cartilage compartments of swimmers. The compositional analysis also showed depth-dependent differences with prolongation of the superficial layer in basketball players. For subchondral bone shape, three total modes were found to be significantly different between groups and related to the relative sizes of the tibial plateaus, intercondylar eminences, and the curvature and concavity of the patellar lateral facet. In summary, this study identified several characteristics associated with a high-knee impact which may expand our understanding of local degenerative patterns in this population.
Fabrication of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells and Fluorescence Quenching Study Using Thiophene Based Copolymers (2010)

Photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells fabricated with a commercially available thiophene based copolymer was investigated. Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(bithiophene)], a highly soluble polythiophene, was used as a sensitizer. An open-circuit voltage of 0.64 V and a short-circuit current density of 0.36 mA/cm2 were measured. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency for the polymer was measured. Fluorescence from the other polythiophene, poly(3,3′-didodecyl quarter thiophene) was found to be quenched when blended with phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:1 wt ratio), indicating the charge transfer from the conjugated polymer to PCBM.