gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Characteristics of Carotid Sinus Pressure-Nerve Activity Transduction in Rabbits (2005)

The dynamic characteristics of the baroreflex neural arc from pressure input to efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) reveal derivative characteristics in the frequency range of 0.01 to 0.8 Hz (i.e., the baroreflex gain augments with increasing frequency) and high-cut characteristics in the frequency range above 0.8 Hz (i.e., the baroreflex gain decreases with increasing frequency) in rabbits. The derivative characteristics accelerate the arterial pressure regulation via the baroreflex. The high-cut characteristics preserve the baroreflex gain against pulsatile pressure by attenuating the high-frequency components less necessary for arterial pressure regulation. However, to what extent the carotid sinus baroreceptor transduction from pressure input to afferent baroreceptor nerve activity (BNA) contributes to these characteristics remains unanswered. To test the hypothesis that the carotid sinus pressure-BNA transduction partly explains the derivative characteristics but not the highcut characteristics, we examined the dynamic BNA response to pressure input in the frequency range from 0.01 to 3 Hz by using a white noise analysis in 7 anesthetized rabbits. The transfer function from pressure input to BNA showed slight derivative characteristics in the frequency range from 0.01 to 0.3 Hz with approximately a 1.7-fold increase in dynamic gain, but it showed no high-cut characteristics. In conclusion, the carotid sinus baroreceptor transduction partly explained the derivative characteristics but not the high-cut characteristics of the baroreflex neural arc. The present results suggest the importance of the central processing from BNA to efferent SNA to account for the overall dynamic characteristics of the baroreflex neural arc.
Degradation of Nitride, Carbide and Oxide Ceramics Materials in High Temperature Aqueous Solutions (1988)

Corrosion characteristics of SiC, Si3N4, Al2O3, and ZrO2 ceramics materials prepared by different sintering methods have been studied in high purity water at 200°-330°C, in 0.1kmol·m-3 H2SO4 and 0.1kmol·m-3 LiOH at 300°C for 50h. The mass, the reflection spectrum, the surface roughness, the IR spectrum, and the X-ray diffraction have been measured on each material before and after the corrosion tests in order to examine changes in the quality of the materials. It has been found that SiC had excellent corrosion resistance in all solutions at all temperatures tested. Si3N4 was seriously attacked by high purity water at 300°C, resulting thick powdered corrosion products on its surface. The attack was much severer in high purity water at 330°C and in 0.1kmol·m-3 H2SO4 at 300°C. Al2O3 showed good corrosion resistance in high purity water up to 330°C. It was, however, seriously attacked in 0.1kmol·m-3 H2SO4 and 0.1kmol·m-3 LiOH at 300°C. The partially stabilized ZrO2 was often suffered from serious cracking or breaking in all the solutions at 300°C. The transformation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase, which occured on it during corrosion tests, was thought to be one of the causes of the cracking or the breaking.
INVITED PAPER Special Section on Analog Circuits and Related SoC Integration Technologies Techniques for Digitally Assisted Pipeline A/D Converters (2008)

SUMMARY This paper reviews techniques for digitally assistedpipeline ADCs. Errors of pipeline ADCs originated by capacitor mismatch,ﬁnite ampliﬁer gain, incomplete settling and oﬀset can be corrected indigital-domain foreground or background calibrations. In foreground cali-brations, the errors are measured by reconﬁguration of the building blocksof pipeline ADC or using an INL plot without reconﬁguration. In back-ground calibrations, the errors are measured with random signal and con-tinuously corrected while simultaneously performing the normal A/D con-versions. Techniques for measuring and correcting the errors at foregroundand background are reviewed and a uniﬁed approach to the description ofthe principle of background calibration of gain errors is presented. key words: pipeline ADC, capacitor mismatch, digital calibration, back-ground calibration 1. Introduction Pipeline analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have beenwidely used for applications which require those with highspeed and high resolution while consuming low power. Inpipeline ADCs, non-idealities such as noise, device mis-match, ﬁnite ampliﬁer gain and signal-dependent charge in-jections limit the eﬀective resolution of the ADC. The non-ideality eﬀects have to be reduced to meet the speciﬁed per-formance. With careful designs, 10b, 12b and even 14bpipeline ADCs can be implemented without any calibra-tions [1]. Using gain boosting techniques, suﬃciently highgain op-amps can be designed if the required bandwidthis not too high. Typical MIM (metal-insulator-metal) ca-pacitors of matured LSI technology have suﬃciently smallmismatch for the capacitor size determined by the SNR re-quirements, leading to the full 14bit resolution without cal-ibrations. However, high sampling-rate (e.g., >100MSps)pipeline ADCs require to use shorter channel length in am-pliﬁer designs and it is becoming diﬃcult to meet both widebandwidth and high open-loop gain. Since the silicon areaof pipeline ADCs largely depends on the size of capacitors,the cost-eﬀective implementation of pipeline ADCs needscapacitor technology with high capacitance density whichleads to the increase of capacitor mismatch. These recentsituations are creating the opportunity of the use of calibra-tion techniques.The calibration techniques are classiﬁed into those inanalog and digital domains. Analog techniques were use-ful in the era that the process technology is not so advanced
Design of a complement mannose-binding lectin pathway-specific activation system applicable at low serum dilutions (2006)

Recently we showed that alternative pathway (AP) amplification was responsible for more than 80% of specific classical pathway-induced terminal pathway activation under physiological conditions. The present study aimed to design a system for specific lectin pathway (LP) activation applicable at low serum dilutions with a fully functional AP. Comparison between activation of normal human serum (NHS), a mannose-binding lectin (MBL) homozygous D/D-deficient serum, and sera deficient in C1q and C2, all diluted 1 : 2, was essential to document optimal conditions for LP specificity. Mannan on the solid phase of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates was used for activation, showing 0.5 microg mannan/well to give optimal conditions because at this concentration a good signal was preserved for C4 and TCC deposition in NHS, whereas the C3 deposition observed in C2-deficient serum at higher mannan concentrations reached nadir at 0.5 microg/well, indicating a lack of direct AP activation under these conditions. Pooled NHS and C1q-deficient serum gave the same degree of C4 and terminal complement complex (TCC) deposition, whereas deposition of these products was not obtained with MBL-deficient serum. Reconstitution with purified MBL, however, restored the depositions. A blocking anti-MBL monoclonal antibody (mAb) completely abolished the complement deposition, in contrast to a non-inhibiting anti-MBL mAb. Activation of C2-deficient serum induced C4 deposition similar to NHS, but negligible deposition of C3 and TCC, confirming the lack of direct activation of AP. Thus, this assay is unique in being LP-specific at low serum dilution and thus particularly suitable to study LP activation mechanisms and the role of AP amplification under physiological conditions.
Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271), cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878), and methotrexate (NSC-740) in advanced solid tumors. (1976)

Forty patients with advanced solid tumors of diverse primary sites received a combination of cyclophosphamide (1 gm/m2), cytosine arabinoside (300 mg/m2), and methotrexate (80 mg/m2) given intermittently at 2-3-week intervals. Eight of the 40 patients received citrovorum factor rescue. The major limitation of therapy was suppression of bone marrow elements. Only minimal nonhematologic toxicity was encountered. Granulocytes appeared the most sensitive. The first course of treatment produced median nadir granulocyte and platelet counts of 1200 and 100,000 cells/mm3 respectively. Subsequent courses were tolerated with no evidence of increasing myelosuppression. Objective antitumor responses were noted in five of 16 patients with lung cancer and in eight of 14 women with breast cancer with a median duration of 8 months.
Ambient Network Attachment (2007)

The efficiency of network attachment plays a crucial role in the performance of accessing services in new environments. As an example, when a moving network is changing its location relative to attachment points, the detection of the candidate access networks along with their properties and security relationships needs to be carefully managed. This paper presents the framework and mechanisms for network attachment of Ambient Networks. Different steps required for optimizing the network attachment procedure are studied, and a secure network attachment protocol is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPROPYLNITRENIUM IONS AND SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS (1974)

Abstract N‐T0syl‐2‐phenylcyclopropylamin (Ia) liefert mit Hypochlorit die N‐Chlorverbindung (Ib), die direkt weiter zu (IIa) gespalten wird.
Antibody isolation from immunized animals: comparison of phage display and antibody discovery via V gene repertoire mining (2012)

Phage display has enabled the rapid isolation of antigen-specific antibodies from combinatorial libraries of V(H) and V(L) genes obtained from lymphocytes of immunized animals. Recently, a different approach to antibody isolation that circumvents library screening and instead relies on the mining of the V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires obtained by high throughput sequencing of cDNAs from bone marrow antibody-secreting cells was reported. Here we compared the antibodies obtained via phage library screening or via repertoire mining of V gene cDNAs obtained from total splenocytes of mice immunized with the hapten trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugated to carrier proteins. We show that, despite the large heterogeneity of B lymphocytes in the spleen, the most abundant V genes encoded antigen-specific antibodies, indicating that total splenocytes can be used in place of bone marrow plasma cells for antibody discovery at least in high titer animals. While both phage display and repertoire mining yielded antigen-specific antibodies showing comparable affinities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, clones obtained by the latter approach displayed higher selectivity towards TNP relative to control haptens. Interestingly, the antibody genes isolated by phage display were of low abundance or absent from the V gene repertoire obtained by 454 sequencing. Similarly, the highly abundant V genes identified by repertoire mining, that as soluble antibodies were antigen-specific, were found to be poorly displayed on phage and were not enriched by phage panning. Thus, our results reveal that phage display and repertoire mining of immune repertoires are complementary technologies that can yield different antigen-specific antibody clones.
Bio-Mechanical Interfaces for Cell-Based Microsystems (2011)

Abstract : The MURI represents a multidisciplinary program to develop hybrid microsystems that combine mammalian cells as functional components with conventional solid-state materials. Nanomechanical elements provide the interface between the adherent cells and materials, and are designed to transduce biological and mechanical signals at this interface. The first aim of the work has developed an integrated platform for installing mechanical interfaces to cells, including mechanical sensor and actuator arrays, surface chemistries to install selective interactions between the solid-state and cellular components, integration of engineered cells on the devices, development of multi-scale models to describe the bio-mechanical coupling, and characterization of the durability of cell-mechanical interfaces. The second aim employs this platform for fundamental studies to understand the basis for mechanical coupling including the mechanical signatures for several important cellular activities, the limits by which mechanical actuation can influence cellular behaviors and provides experimental data to guide model development and characterization of fatigue and failure in the devices. The third aim will apply these advances to prototype cell-based devices with high impact for the DoD. These microsystem technologies include stand-alone sensors for CBW agents, actuation in MEMS devices, active coatings for signature reduction, and hybrid technologies for extracting energy from the environment.
Multiscale Modeling of Insulin Secretion (2011)

Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is a fundamental physiological process, and its impairment plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes. Mathematical modeling of insulin secretion has a long history, both on the level of the entire body and on the cellular and subcellular scale. However, little direct communication between these disparate scales has been included in mathematical models so far. Recently, we have proposed a minimal model for the incretin effect by which the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhances insulin secretion. To understand how this model couples to cellular events, we use a previously published mechanistic model of insulin secretion, and show mathematically that induction of glucose competence in beta cells by GLP-1 can underlie derivative control by GLP-1.
Synchrotron-based spectrally-resolved X-ray beam induced current : a technique to quantify the effect of metal-rich precipitates on minority carrier diffusion length in multicrystalline silicon (2005)

published
Abstract 2818: Safety, Feasibility and Signal of Activity of Intra-carotid Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy in a Large Animal Stoke Model (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Promising pre-clinical data shows benefits of intra-carotid allogenic mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy in ischemic stroke (IS) in small animal stroke models. Intra-carotid (IC) delivery of MSCs may be superior to intravenous (IV) delivery. However, due to the large size (15-50 microns) of MSCs, there is a concern that they may cause microvascular occlusion during IC administration. There is a need for large animal experiments to confirm positive results in small animal models as has been recommended by STAIR and STEPS consortia. HYPOTHESIS: We tested the hypothesis that IC administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is feasible and safe in a large animal (canine) stroke model.. METHODS: We performed 1-3 hrs of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (rMCAo), in10 female mongrel dogs weighing 40-60 lbs, using an endovascular retrievable coil occlusion of the MCA with a transfemoral arterial approach. At 1 - 72 hrs after rMCAo, animals were assigned to the following treatment groups: A. IC saline placebo (saline) or B. IC allogeneic MSCs or C. IV allogeneic MSCs. Primary outcome measures were: development of angiographic occlusion post-IC MSC or saline infusion, change in MRI infarct volume or new ischemic lesions, and neurological deficit score (NDS) at 4 weeks. Dosing of MSCs was based on extrapolated maximum tolerated dose calculated in a rat study of IC MSCs in our laboratory. RESULTS: Successful IC administration of MSCs was possible in all animals assigned to the treatment group. Animals receiving IC MSCs at 1× 10^6 or 10 × 10^6 (n=6) there were no clinical adverse events or neurological worsening during or 4 weeks post treatment. There were no angiographic decreases in flow or occlusions during or after IC MSC delivery. In the two animals with additional TCD monitoring during IC MSC delivery there were no changes in flow velocity or HITS signals indicating emboli. There was no worsening in MRI infarct volume ( Fig 1 .) amongst the IC MSC groups. A dramatic decrease in infarct volume was noted, in 2 animals in the IC MSC group with minimal infarct related atrophy at one month. None of the animals in the IV MSC or IC saline groups (n=2 in each group) showed a significant change in MRI infarct volume, and major infarct related atrophy was noted. CONCLUSION: IC MSC administration in a large animal rMCAo model is feasible &amp; safe. Fig1 : In vivo coronal MRI FLAIR sequences in IC delivery of MSCs in canine stroke model. There is a signal of biologic activity seen with IC MSC delivery. A. Baseline infarct at 48 hours after rMCAo. B. Infarct evolution at 29 days after IC administration of 10×10^6 MSCs.
Noise Performance of Filtered Optical Frequency Combs (2019)

We determined the key parameters in low phase noise performance in filtered optical frequency combs. Laser frequency fluctuation and filter passband width as well as spectral phase play a role in obtaining low timing jitter.
Comparison of epoxides on grafting collagen to polyurethane and their effects on cellular growth (1998)

The current study investigated the effects of vary epoxides on linking capacity of collagen to carboxyl-group-enriched polyurethane (PU) and the consequent effects on the growth of endothelial cells. Epoxides of EX-810, 1,4BDE, DER732, DER331, and DER332 were initially reacted with the carboxyl groups of PU substrates at 110°C for 20 h. Free epoxy rings of epoxide-PU substrates, characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and quantified by titration with HCl and NaOH, were available for collagen grafting. The amounts of collagen grafted were in accordance with the amounts of free epoxy rings detected and correlated with the growth of endothelial cells on the substrates. Our results indicated that epoxides with shorter aliphatic intermediate chain can graft more collagen to the epoxide-PU substrates than epoxides with longer intermediate chain or with aromatic groups. Epoxides were also demonstrated to be nontoxic linking agents for biomaterials. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 630–636, 1998.
Distributed Parameter Estimation in Sensor Networks: Nonlinear Observation Models and Imperfect Communication (2012)

The paper studies distributed static parameter (vector) estimation in sensor networks with nonlinear observation models and noisy intersensor communication. It introduces separably estimable observation models that generalize the observability condition in linear centralized estimation to nonlinear distributed estimation. It studies two distributed estimation algorithms in separably estimable models, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NU</i> (with its linear counterpart <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LU</i> ) and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NLU</i> . Their update rule combines a consensus step (where each sensor updates the state by weight averaging it with its neighbors' states) and an innovation step (where each sensor processes its local current observation). This makes the three algorithms of the consensus + innovations type, very different from traditional consensus. This paper proves consistency (all sensors reach consensus almost surely and converge to the true parameter value), efficiency, and asymptotic unbiasedness. For <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LU</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NU</i> , it proves asymptotic normality and provides convergence rate guarantees. The three algorithms are characterized by appropriately chosen decaying weight sequences. Algorithms <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LU</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NU</i> are analyzed in the framework of stochastic approximation theory; algorithm <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NLU</i> exhibits mixed time-scale behavior and biased perturbations, and its analysis requires a different approach that is developed in this paper.
Screening G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Measurement of Intracellular Calcium Using the Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (2009)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target of approximately 40% of all approved drugs and continue to represent a significant portion of drug discovery portfolios across the pharmaceutical industry. As a result, GPCRs are the focus of many high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns. Historically, ligand-binding assays were used to identify compounds that targeted GPCRs. Current GPCR drug discovery efforts have moved toward the utilization of functional cell-based assays for HTS. Many of these assays monitor the accumulation of a second messenger such as cAMP or calcium in response to GPCR activation. Calcium stores are released from the endoplasmic reticulum when Galphaq-coupled GPCRs are activated. Although Galphai- and Galphas-coupled receptors do not normally result in this mobilization of intracellular calcium, they can often be engineered to do so by expressing a promiscuous or a chimeric Galphaprotein, which couples to the calcium pathway. Thus calcium mobilization is a readout that can theoretically be used to assess activation of all GPCRs. The fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) has facilitated the ability to monitor calcium mobilization in the HTS setting. This assay format allows one to monitor activation and inhibition of a GPCR in a single assay and has been one of the most heavily utilized formats for screening GPCRs.
A 54-year-old woman with recurrent headaches and seizures. (1998)

The patient’s medical history is remarkable only for asthma and mild emphysema. The family history included a grandmother with gastric cancer. The patient had been taking estrogen replacement therapy since menopause 3 years earlier, and she was
Truncation of class IV chitinases from Arabidopsis by secreted fungal proteases (2012)

Plant class IV chitinases have a small amino-terminal chitin-binding domain and a larger chitinase domain, and are involved in plant defence against fungal infection. Our previous work on the chitinases ChitA and ChitB from the model monocotyledon Zea mays showed that the chitin-binding domain is removed by secreted fungal proteases called fungalysins. In this article, we extend this work to dicotyledons. The effects of fungalysin-like proteases on four class IV chitinases from the model dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Four Arabidopsis chitinases were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified and shown to have chitinase activity against a chitohexaose (dp6) substrate. The incubation of these four chitinases with Fv-cmp, a fungalysin protease secreted by Fusarium verticillioides, resulted in the truncation of AtchitIV3 and AtchitIV5. Moreover, incubation with secreted proteins from Alternaria brassicae, a pathogen of A. thaliana and brassica crops, also led to a similar truncation of AtchitIV3 and AtchitIV4. Our finding that class IV chitinases from both dicotyledons (A. thaliana) and monocotyledons (Z. mays) are truncated by proteases secreted by specialized pathogens of each plant suggests that this may be a general mechanism of plant-fungal pathogenicity.