gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Images (2021)

We propose a novel framework for finding correspondences in images based on a deep neural network that, given two images and a query point in one of them, finds its correspondence in the other. By doing so, one has the option to query only the points of interest and retrieve sparse correspondences, or to query all points in an image and obtain dense mappings. Importantly, in order to capture both local and global priors, and to let our model relate between image regions using the most relevant among said priors, we realize our network using a transformer. At inference time, we apply our correspondence network by recursively zooming in around the estimates, yielding a multiscale pipeline able to provide highly-accurate correspondences. Our method significantly outperforms the state of the art on both sparse and dense correspondence problems on multiple datasets and tasks, ranging from wide-baseline stereo to optical flow, without any retraining for a specific dataset. We commit to releasing data, code, and all the tools necessary to train from scratch and ensure reproducibility.
Edge detection with embedded confidence (2001)

Computing the weighted average of the pixel values in a window is a basic module in many computer vision operators. The process is reformulated in a linear vector space and the role of the different subspaces is emphasized. Within this framework wellknown artifacts of the gradient-based edge detectors, such as large spurious responses can be explained quantitatively. It is also shown that template matching with a template derived from the input data is meaningful since it provides an independent measure of confidence in the presence of the employed edge model. The widely used three-step edge detection procedure - gradient estimation, non-maxima suppression, hysteresis thresholding - is generalized to include the information provided by the confidence measure. The additional amount of computation is minimal and experiments with several standard test images show the ability of the new procedure to detect weak edges.
Function of the syndecans - a family of cell surface proteoglycans (1994)

ABSTRACT Cell surface proteoglycans are membrane-anchored glycoproteins that contain covalently linked glycosaminoglycan sidechains. They interact via their extracellular part with various effector molecules such as growth factors, extracellular matrix components, other cell surface molecules and proteins involved in the regulation of blood coagulation. This together with numerous examples of strictly regulated expression patterns during embryogenesis and malignant transformation has lead to the attribution of several specific functions to cell surface proteoglycans. Molecular biology techniques that have made it possible to identify and characterize individual proteoglycans, may also turn out to be crucial in determining the relevance of the several suggested functions in vivo. This review will mainly focus on the functional aspects of one well-characterized group of cell surface proteoglycans, the members of the syndecan gene family.
Crystal Structure of Fe-N Clusters Prepared by Plasma-Gas-Condensation (2003)

Fe–N clusters were prepared by a plasma-gas-condensation cluster deposition apparatus at various nitrogen gas flow rate RN2, and their crystal structures were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. For RN2>2.2×10−7 mol/s, fcc single-phase FeN clusters are obtained and their lattice parameter is a=0.428 nm, being close to that (a=0.433 nm) of ZnS-type FeN films. When RN2≥7.5×10−7 mol/s, almost all clusters are of a tetrahedron shape with cluster sizes of d=8–25 nm. This reveals that the tetrahedron shape of FeN compound clusters is stable in such small sizes, implying a low (111) surface energy and/or high elastic strain energy and twin boundary energy compared with pure metal clusters with fcc structure.
Three Years After: Next Steps in the War on Terror (2005)

The RAND Corporation held a conference three years after 9/11 to share results from recent terrorism studies with government and military officials, congressional staff, foundations, NGOs, foreign embassy representatives, and the public. Participants discuss understanding the nature of the terrorist threat; taking direct action against terrorists and terrorist organizations; seeking to reduce support for terrorists; and protecting the homeland.
A Flash-Aware Cluster Allocation Scheme for Legacy File Systems (2009)

As the multimedia handheld devices using NAND flash memory as storage media is becoming more popular, the importance of the flash file system is increasing. Although there has been substantial research on file systems dedicated to NAND flash memory, little attention has been paid to legacy file systems running on top of NAND flash memory. In this paper, we propose an anti-fragmentation cluster allocation (AFCA) scheme for the Linux Ext2 file system. For the proposed scheme, we re-define the concept of file system fragmentation that takes into account the characteristics of NAND flash memory. The proposed AFCA scheme tries to minimize the performance degradation resulting from the fragmentation problem by discriminately allocating free clusters to files depending on their size relative to the flash memory block size. Evaluation results show that compared to the original cluster allocation scheme in Ext2, the proposed AFCA scheme significantly reduces the file system fragmentation according to the new definition and improves the file system performance, especially the write performance, by up to 43%.
Long noncoding RNA U90926 is crucial for herpes simplex virus type 1 proliferation in murine retinal photoreceptor cells (2020)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, but the role of lncRNAs in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection remains unknown. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we explored lncRNAs that were highly expressed in murine retinal photoreceptor cell-derived 661W cells infected with HSV-1. U90926 RNA (522 nucleotides) was the most upregulated lncRNA detected post HSV-1 infection. The level of U90926 RNA was continuously increased post HSV-1 infection, reaching a 100-fold increase at 24 h. Cellular fractionation showed that U90926 RNA was located in the nucleus post HSV-1 infection. Downregulation of U90926 expression by RNA interference markedly suppressed HSV-1 DNA replication (80% reduction at 12 h post infection) and HSV-1 proliferation (93% reduction at 12 h post infection) in 661W cells. The survival rates of U90926-knockdown cells were significantly increased compared to those of control cells (81% and 21%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Thus, lncRNA U90926 is crucial for HSV-1 proliferation in retinal photoreceptor cells and consequently leads to host cell death by promoting HSV-1 proliferation.
Human Well-Being and Land Cover Types in the Southeastern U.S.A. (2009)

The west-central region of Alabama is rich in natural resources. Yet changes in land use seem unrelated to improvements in human well-being. Satellite imagery and U.S. census data for 1980 and 2000 were analyzed to test whether changes in land cover were related to changes in a human well-being index - of income, employment, and education at the Census Block Group (CBG) level. A spatial regression model revealed that considerable human well-being improvements were only weakly, though significantly, correlated with changes in land covers. This relationship varied over geographic locations in response to the initial human well-being and socioeconomic conditions as well as changes in racial composition, population structure, income distribution, and industry structure. The results suggest that lack of understanding of the regional phenomenon may increase the risk of misguided economic development policies.
The emergence of dynamical instantaneous memory in the spontaneous activity of spatially confined neuronal assemblies in vitro (2018)

Abstract Understanding the dynamics between communicating cell assemblies is essential for deciphering the neural code and identifying the mechanism underlying memory formation. In this work, in order to unveil possible emergent intrinsic memory phenomena in the communication between cell assemblies, we study the spontaneous dynamics of in vitro spatially confined inter-connected neuronal circuits grown on multi-electrode arrays. The spontaneous dynamics of the global network was characterized by the coupling of the activity independently generated by each circuit. The asymptotic functional connectivity of the network reflected its modular organization. Instantaneous functional connectivity maps on ten seconds epochs, revealed more complex dynamical states with the simultaneous activation of distinct circuits. When looking at the similarity of the generated network events, we observed that spontaneous network events occurring at temporal distances below two dozens of seconds had an average higher similarity compared to randomly played network events. Such a memory phenomenon was not observed in networks where spontaneous events were less frequent and in networks topologically organized as open lines. These results support the hypothesis that dynamical instantaneous memory, characterized by drifting network dynamics with decaying degree of similarity, is an intrinsic property of neuronal networks.
Trace level determination of perchlorate in water matrices and human urine using ESI-FAIMS-MS (2000)

High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) separates perchlorate from interfering isobaric ions of bisulfate and dihydrogenphosphate in the gas-phase. The use of a new FAIMS prototype and waveform generator, along with the use of a mixed carrier gas, in this electrospray ionisation (ESI)-FAIMS-mass spectrometry (MS) study gave a detection limit for perchlorate in a relatively "clean" matrix of tap water of 0.050 ppb. Flow injection analysis (FIA) of dilutions of fortified waste water, a fortified river water certified reference material (CRM; SLRS-4, National Research Council of Canada), and a fortified human urine Standard Reference Material (SRM; 2381, National Institute of Standards and Technology) gave detection limits of 0.37 ppb, 0.50 ppb, and 4.8 ppb, respectively, in the undiluted matrices.
Toward Omnidirectional Light Absorption by Plasmonic Effect for High-Efficiency Flexible Nonvacuum Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells (2014)

We have successfully demonstrated a great advantage of plasmonic Au nanoparticles for efficient enhancement of Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) flexible photovoltaic devices. The incorporation of Au NPs can eliminate obstacles in the way of developing ink-printing CIGS flexible thin film photovoltaics (TFPV), such as poor absorption at wavelengths in the high intensity region of solar spectrum, and that occurs significantly at large incident angle of solar irradiation. The enhancement of external quantum efficiency and photocurrent have been systematically analyzed via the calculated electromagnetic field distribution. Finally, the major benefits of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in visible wavelength have been investigated by ultrabroadband pump-probe spectroscopy, providing a solid evidence on the strong absorption and reduction of surface recombination that increases electron-hole generation and improves the carrier transportation in the vicinity of pn-juction.
Ultra-Low Vπ Suspended Quantum Well Waveguides (2012)

We demonstrate VπL values in the optical L-band in suspended quantum well waveguides between 109 and 199 mV-cm, which result from the strong out-of-plane index contrast that tightly confines the mode to the quantum well core.
Neuroprotective effects of estrogen in CNS injuries: insights from animal models (2017)

Among the estrogens that are biosynthesized in the human body, 17β-estradiol (estradiol or E2) is the most common and the best estrogen for neuroprotection in animal models of the central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and ischemic brain injury (IBI). These CNS injuries are not only serious health problems, but also enormous economic burden on the patients, their families, and the society at large. Studies from animal models of these CNS injuries provide insights into the multiple neuroprotective mechanisms of E2 and also suggest the possibility of translating the therapeutic efficacy of E2 in the treatment SCI, TBI, and IBI in humans in the near future. The pathophysiology of these injuries includes loss of motor function in the limbs, arms and their extremities, cognitive deficit, and many other serious consequences including life-threatening paralysis, infection, and even death. The potential application of E2 therapy to treat the CNS injuries may become a trend as the results are showing significant therapeutic benefits of E2 for neuroprotection when administered into the animal models of SCI, TBI, and IBI. This article describes the plausible mechanisms how E2 works with or without the involvement of estrogen receptors and provides an overview of the known neuroprotective effects of E2 in these three CNS injuries in different animal models. Because activation of estrogen receptors has profound implications in maintaining and also affecting normal physiology, there are notable impediments in translating E2 therapy to the clinics for neuroprotection in CNS injuries in humans. While E2 may not yet be the sole molecule for the treatment of CNS injuries due to the controversies surrounding it, the neuroprotective effects of its metabolite and derivative or combination of E2 with another therapeutic agent are showing significant impacts in animal models that can potentially shape the new treatment strategies for these CNS injuries in humans.
NON-ORAL POSTER 28: Detrusor Overactivity and Urge Incontinence in Monarc Versus TVT And SPARC (2006)

Urogynecology, Evanston Continence Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL Disclosure - Consultant: Roger P. Goldberg, Boston Scientific; Investigator, Advisor and Lecturer: Peter K. Sand, AMS.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Cyanomethylation of Bromopyridines by Nucleophilic Substitution with Lithioacetonitrile. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies: new advances with technetium-99m-labeled monoclonal antibody Fab' fragments, especially CEA-Scan and prospects for therapy. (1997)

The use of radiolabeled anticancer antibodies to detect cancer sites by external scintigraphy has had a relatively long history. With the advent of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which precluded the need for purifying the antibodies by laborious purification steps, there was a surge of interest and efforts to develop these reagents for both imaging and therapy applications (1). Today, many thousands of patients have received different forms and doses of MAbs for various purposes, and four MAb-based products have been licensed for manufacture and sale in the U.S. (2,3). This article describes the most recent MAb product to be approved in the U.S. for colorectal cancer imaging, including discussions of using this agent and its therapeutic counterpart in several cancer types.
Defect Classification using Deep Learning for Hybrid Bonding Application (2022)

In the semiconductor industry, defect detection is very important as it affects performance. In Hybrid Bonding, identifying defect types prior to bonding is critical in determining bonding performance. To overcome this challenge, we propose a solution involving Computer Vision and Deep Learning to accomplish classification of these defects with limited availability of data. With this approach, the defect identification time is reduced, thereby driving faster research and product development.
A Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Approach to Analyzing Large Volumes of Tissue to Detect Nanoparticles (2013)

The use of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer requires the complete characterization of their toxicity, including accurately locating them within biological tissues. Owing to their size, traditional light microscopy techniques are unable to resolve them. Transmission electron microscopy provides the necessary spatial resolution to image individual nanoparticles in tissue, but is severely limited by the very small analysis volume, usually on the order of tens of cubic microns. In this work, we developed a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) approach to analyze large volumes of tissue for the presence of polyethylene glycol-coated Raman-active-silica-gold-nanoparticles (PEG-R-Si-Au-NPs). This approach utilizes the simultaneous bright and dark field imaging capabilities of STEM along with careful control of the image contrast settings to readily identify PEG-R-Si-Au-NPs in mouse liver tissue without the need for additional time-consuming analytical characterization. We utilized this technique to analyze 243,000 mm³ of mouse liver tissue for the presence of PEG-R-Si-Au-NPs. Nanoparticles injected into the mice intravenously via the tail vein accumulated in the liver, whereas those injected intrarectally did not, indicating that they remain in the colon and do not pass through the colon wall into the systemic circulation.
Learning-Based Distributed Radio-Environment Observation for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (2017)

Distributed real-time spectrum sensing is a key enabler for dynamic spectrum sharing; however, communication cost for observed-data transmission is crucial especially when massive numbers of spectrum sensors are deployed. In considering the use of low-cost wireless connections provided for machine-to-machine communication, data rates should be less than tens of kilobits per second (kbps). To cope with this issue, proposed spectrum sensors learn ambient radio environment in real-time and create a time-spectral model, of which parameters are shared with servers operating in the edge-computing layer. This process makes it possible to drastically reduce communication cost of the sensors because frequent data transmission is no longer needed while enabling the edge servers to keep up on current status of the radio environment. On the basis of the created time-spectral model, sharable spectrum resources are dynamically harvested and allocated in terms of geospatial, temporal, and frequency-spectral domains when accepting an application for secondary-spectrum use. A web-based prototype spectrum-management system is implemented using ten servers and dozens of sensors. The measurement results show that proposed approach can reduce data traffic between the sensors and servers by 97%, achieving an average data rate of 10 kbps.
Dual Allosteric Inhibition of SHP2 Phosphatase (2018)

SHP2 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene and is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Recently, we reported an allosteric mechanism of inhibition that stabilizes the auto-inhibited conformation of SHP2. SHP099 (1) was identified and characterized as a moderately potent, orally bioavailable, allosteric small molecule inhibitor, which binds to a tunnel-like pocket formed by the confluence of three domains of SHP2. In this report, we describe further screening strategies that enabled the identification of a second, distinct small molecule allosteric site. SHP244 (2) was identified as a weak inhibitor of SHP2 with modest thermal stabilization of the enzyme. X-ray crystallography revealed that 2 binds and stabilizes the inactive, closed conformation of SHP2, at a distinct, previously unexplored binding site-a cleft formed at the interface of the N-terminal SH2 and PTP domains. Derivatization of 2 using structure-based design resulted in an increase in SHP2 thermal stabilization, biochemical inhibition, and subsequent MAPK pathway modulation. Downregulation of DUSP6 mRNA, a downstream MAPK pathway marker, was observed in KYSE-520 cancer cells. Remarkably, simultaneous occupation of both allosteric sites by 1 and 2 was possible, as characterized by cooperative biochemical inhibition experiments and X-ray crystallography. Combining an allosteric site 1 inhibitor with an allosteric site 2 inhibitor led to enhanced pharmacological pathway inhibition in cells. This work illustrates a rare example of dual allosteric targeted protein inhibition, demonstrates screening methodology and tactics to identify allosteric inhibitors, and enables further interrogation of SHP2 in cancer and related pathologies.
MM11 Based Flash Memory Cell Model Including Characterization Procedure (2006)

International audience
The neutrophil‐activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP‐NAP) activates the MAPK pathway in human neutrophils (2003)

Infection by Helicobacter pylori causes an acute inflammatory response followed by a chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils andmononuclear inflammatory cells. The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP) is a virulence factor that activates neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells. However, the mechanism by which HP-NAP activates these cells is not fully understood. Here, we show that HP-NAP induces extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in human neutrophils; c-Jun N-terminal kinase is not activated by HP-NAP. A MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor and a p38-MAPK inhibitor suppress HP-NAP-mediated neutrophil oxidative burst, adhesion, andchemotaxis, but not actin polymerization. Pertussis toxin (PTX) inhibits all these neutrophil functions and the MAPK activation caused by HP-NAP. These results demonstrate that HP-NAP activates neutrophils through a PTX-sensitive pathway and that ERK and p38-MAPK are involved in many neutrophil functions stimulated by HP-NAP.
Evidence of reduced interface states in Al2O3/AlGaN MIS structures via insertion of ex situ regrown AlGaN layer (2022)

Abstract We report on the impact of the 3 nm thick ex situ AlGaN regrown layer prior to insulator deposition on the interfacial properties of Al 2 O 3 /AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures. MIS-capacitors (MIScaps) with regrown AlGaN layer exhibited anomalously excessive threshold voltage shift compared to reference sample without regrown AlGaN, suggesting highly reduced interface states density ( D it ). Moreover, MIScaps with regrown AlGaN layer exhibited “spill-over” in the capacitance–voltage profiles, further evidencing the improved Al 2 O 3 /AlGaN interfaces. Fabricated three-terminal MIS-HEMTs with regrown AlGaN showed less hysteresis in transfer curves, enhanced maximum drain current, and increased linearity over the reference device.
Putting MicroED to the Test: An Account of the Evaluation of 30 Diverse Pharmaceutical Compounds (2021)

The application of microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) to a variety of pharmaceutical compounds is reported. The examples and work detailed showcase the utility of microED as a routine technique for the rapid collection, analysis, and generation of structural data on a number of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, requiring minimal sample preparation and often without the need for time-consuming vitrification and cryo transfer processes. The development of a scripted data processing workflow allowed for simultaneous collection and processing of electron diffraction data, further expediting structural analysis of fifteen compounds.