gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-inspiratory occlusion in the presence of intrinsic PEEP (2017)

Typical modern mechanical ventilators offer the clinician the possibility of automatically performing end-inspiratory occlusion maneuvers. The static conditions induced by such maneuvers are indeed favorable to estimating patient's respiratory mechanics in terms of total resistance (R) and elastance (E). These are parameters of wide clinical interest. However, in the presence of intrinsic PEEP, the standard formula used to compute E via the occlusion maneuver is known to be inaccurate. In this paper we propose an alternative method for the estimation of E via the occlusion maneuver that eliminates the bias by leveraging concepts derived from physiological modeling of the respiratory system dynamics. The proposed method is also capable of accounting for respiratory efforts triggering the breath, and hence can be applied in both passive and spontaneously breathing conditions.
Multi-Constraint Molecular Generation using Sparsely Labelled Training Data for Localized High-Concentration Electrolyte Diluent Screening (2023)

Recently, machine learning methods have been used to propose molecules with desired properties, which is especially useful for exploring large chemical spaces efficiently. However, these methods rely on fully labelled training data, and are not practical in situations where molecules with multiple property constraints are required. There is often insufficient training data for all those properties from publicly available databases, especially when ab-initio simulation or experimental property data is also desired for training the conditional molecular generative model. In this work, we show how to modify a semi-supervised variational auto-encoder (SSVAE) model which only works with fully labelled and fully unlabelled molecular property training data into the ConGen model, which also works on training data that have sparsely populated labels. We evaluate ConGen's performance in generating molecules with multiple constraints when trained on a dataset combined from multiple publicly available molecule property databases, and demonstrate an example application of building the virtual chemical space for potential Lithium-ion battery localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) diluents.
Root tolerance and biochemical response of Chinese lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotypes to cadmium stress (2019)

This study was conducted to determine the root tolerance and biochemical responses of four Chinese <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. genotypes (<i>Lüsu, Lümeng, Yidali</i> and <i>Anyan</i>) to cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) stress. Twenty-eight days old seedlings were exposed to Hoagland's nutrient solution supplied with or without 100 µM CdCl<sub>2</sub> and monitored for seven days in a climate controlled room. The 100 µM CdCl<sub>2</sub> significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) decreased all the root morphological indexes of the four genotypes. However, <i>Yidali</i>, which possessed the smallest root system, exhibited greater root tolerance to Cd<sup>2+</sup> by having the highest tolerance indexes for root volume (46%), surface area (61%), projected area (74%) and numbers of root forks (63%) and root tips (58%). Moreover, Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress also caused increases in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> contents in the roots but the increase was least in <i>Yidali</i> which showed greater root tolerance to Cd<sup>2+</sup>stress. The effect of Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress on the contents of hormones in the roots depended on the genotypes. Under Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress, abscisic acid correlated positively with indole-3-acetic acid (<i>r</i> = 0.669*), gibberellic acid (<i>r</i> = 0.630*) and cytokinin (<i>r</i> = 0.785**). The antioxidant enzyme activities and proline responses of the four genotypes to Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress were similar. The SOD activity was decreased whiles the CAT and POD activities, as well as the contents of proline increased in all the genotypes under the stress condition. These results suggest that lettuce genotypes with smaller root systems could be more tolerant to Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress compared to those with larger root systems.
The Anthroform Arm: A System for the Study of Spinal Circuits (1995)

This paper reports the design, construction, and testing of a replica of the human arm which aims to be dynamically accurate as well as kinematically accurate. The arm model is actuated with McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, and controlled by a special purpose digital signal processing system designed to simulate spinal neural networks in real time. An artificial muscle spindle has also been designed and tested. Design and test data are reviewed, and the paper describes how we hope to use the system to improve our understanding of the reflexive control of human movement and posture.
Joint Temporal Density Measurements for Two-Photon State Characterization (2008)

We demonstrate a technique for characterizing two-photon quantum states based on joint temporal correlation measurements using time-resolved single-photon detection by femtosecond up-conversion. We measure for the first time the joint temporal density of a two-photon entangled state, showing clearly the time anticorrelation of the coincident-frequency entangled photon pair generated by ultrafast spontaneous parametric down-conversion under extended phase-matching conditions. The new technique enables us to manipulate the frequency entanglement by varying the down-conversion pump bandwidth to produce a nearly unentangled two-photon state that is expected to yield a heralded single-photon state with a purity of 0.88. The time-domain correlation technique complements existing frequency-domain measurement methods for a more complete characterization of photonic entanglement.
Thermofiltration in hypercholesterolemia treatment: Analysis of removal and posttreatment cholesterol recovery (1990)

Thermofiltration, a system of membrane plasmapheresis for LDL apheresis, is used to treat patients with refractory hyperlipidemia. In this system, the separated plasma is warmed to or above physiologic temperature, filtered with a membrane filter, and returned to the patient on-line. Plasma infusion products are not required. In this study one calculated plasma volume was treated weekly, biweekly, or monthly in patients classified as type II hypercholesterolemic. Reduction and sieving of lipoproteins were evaluated. The reduction ratios of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) were 0.30 +/- 0.06 and 0.58 +/- 0.05, respectively (mean +/- S.D.). Sieving coefficients of the plasma filter for HDLc and LDLc were 0.62 +/- 0.12 and 0.03 +/- 0.02, respectively (mean +/- S.D. of 31 treatments). To evaluate the posttreatment recovery the apparent fractional catabolic rates (FCRa) for total cholesterol and LDLc were calculated. FCRa was 0.151 +/- 0.06 and 0.148 +/- 0.06 day-1 for total cholesterol and LDLc, respectively. The ratio of the posttreatment concentration on the seventh day to the concentration immediately pretreatment was found to be significantly higher for HDLc than for LDLc, 0.92 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- S.D.), due to faster HDLc recovery. The ratio of LDLc/HDLc was lowered for up to 2 weeks after the treatments.
Neutrophil FcγRI as Target for Immunotherapy of Invasive Candidiasis (2001)

Invasive candidiasis represents a life-threatening disease for immunocompromised patients. This study focused on new immunotherapeutic approaches for systemic Candida albicans infections in a human FcgammaRI-transgenic mouse model. FcgammaRI (CD64) is a potent immunoactivating receptor on phagocytic and dendritic cells. In vivo targeting of C. albicans toward neutrophil-FcgammaRI by bispecific Abs and G-CSF effectively protected FcgammaRI-transgenic mice from lethal candidiasis. Nontransgenic mice were not protected, and treatment with bispecific Ab or G-CSF alone did not reduce mortality. Furthermore, infected FcgammaRI-transgenic mice developed high titers of anti-C. albicans IgG, and survival was extended on secondary infection without further treatment. These findings document the capacity of FcgammaRI to initiate potent anti-C. albicans immunity and support the development of FcgammaRI-directed immunotherapy of invasive fungal disease.
Electrochemical Biosensors for Pollutants in the Environment (2007)

Abstract This article reviews recent advances in electrochemical biosensing and detection of environmental pollutants. Electrochemical biosensors offer precision, sensitivity, rapidity, and ease of operation for on‐site environmental analysis. An electrochemical biosensor is an analytical device in which a specific biological recognition element (bioreceptor) is integrated within or intimately associated with an electrode (transducer) that converts the recognition event to a measurable electrical signal for the purpose of detecting a target compound (analyte) in solution. This approach not only provides the means for on‐site analysis but also removes the time delay and sample alteration that can occur during transport to a centralized laboratory. We first address the basic principles of merging of electrochemistry and biology into a biosensing system, and then we discuss various environmental monitoring strategies involving this technology.
The production of transgenic pigs for potential use in clinical xenotransplantation: microbiological evaluation (2002)

Debate over the infection hazards of pig-to-human xenotransplantation has focused mainly on the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV). However, hazards of exogenous infectious agents possibly associated with the xenograft have also been evaluated (Xenotransplantation 2000; 7: 143). We report the results of a health monitoring program demonstrating the exclusion of more than 80 potential pathogens from nine cohorts of pigs reared in a high welfare bioexclusion facility as potential xenograft source animals. A dynamic bacterial flora of pigs reared under barrier conditions was characterized, emphasizing the significance of monitoring for multiresistant antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Evidence was found for exclusion of two commonly residual exogenous viruses, porcine cytomegalovirus and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses, among a proportion of the cohorts tested. Finally, there was histopathological evidence for low grade pneumonitis among sentinel pigs, likely to have been associated with the use of quaternary ammonium disinfectants during the production process, indicating a need for review of toxicology data for disinfectant agents used in such bioexclusion systems. Intensive health monitoring programs, based upon regularly updated recommendations from the microbiological research community, will enable significant reductions in the potential hazards associated with pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
Tandem mass tag-based thermal proteome profiling for the discovery of drug-protein interactions in cancer cells (2023)

Identification of effector targets is imperative to the characterization of the mechanisms of action of novel small molecules. Here, we describe steps to identify effector drug-protein interactions in lysates derived from cancer cell lines using a thermal proteome profiling (TPP) protocol. Building on existing TTP approaches, we detail the use of an in-solution trypsin digestion technique to streamline sample preparation, a nonparametric analysis to rank proteins for prioritization, and a follow-up strategy for identifying effector interactors. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Johnson et al. (2022).<sup>1</sup>.
Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Dutch patients with early onset Parkinson's disease (2008)

Early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) has been associated with mutations in the Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1, LRRK2, and SNCA genes. The aim of this study is to assess the contribution of these genes in a Dutch EOPD cohort and the phenotypic characteristics of the mutation carriers. A total of 187 unrelated Dutch EOPD patients (age at onset < or = 50 years) were phenotyped and screened for mutations in all exons of Parkin, DJ-1, and PINK1 by direct sequencing and gene dosage analysis. Additionally, analysis of the A30P mutation and exon dosage of SNCA and sequencing of exons 19,31,35,38,41, and 48 of LRRK2 was performed. Pathogenic variations could explain disease in 4% (7 of 187) of the patients including five patients carrying homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in Parkin, one with a novel homozygous deletion in DJ-1 (P158Del) and one with a heterozygous mutation in LRRK2 (T2356I). We found seven novel mutations. The phenotypic characteristics of mutation carriers varied widely, comparable to the variability seen in sporadic EOPD. Parkin is the most frequently mutated gene in this EOPD cohort, followed by DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2. The low overall mutation frequency indicates that the extrapolation of mutation frequencies from other populations should be applied with caution.
Förster Energy Transfer to a Spirooxazine Photochromic Molecule through One- and Two-Photon Absorption (2010)

Förster resonance energy transfer from a two-photon absorber to a photochromic spirooxazine are investigated by one- and two-photon absorption. Upon energy transfer, fluorescence of the donor is quenched while that of the photochromic is enhanced.
Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites via Heterovalent Substitution of\n Noble Metals (2016)

Lead-based halide perovskites are emerging as the most promising class of\nmaterials for next generation optoelectronics. However, despite the enormous\nsuccess of lead-halide perovskite solar cells, the issues of stability and\ntoxicity are yet to be resolved. Here we report on the computational design and\nthe experimental synthesis of a new family of Pb-free inorganic halide\ndouble-perovskites based on bismuth or antimony and noble metals. Using\nfirst-principles calculations we show that this hitherto unknown family of\nperovskites exhibits very promising optoelectronic properties, such as tunable\nband gaps in the visible range and low carrier effective masses. Furthermore,\nwe successfully synthesize the double perovskite Cs2BiAgCl6, we perform\nstructural refinement using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and we\ncharacterize its optical properties via optical absorption and\nphotoluminescence measurements. This new perovskite belongs to the Fm-3m space\ngroup, and consists of BiCl6 and AgCl6 octahedra alternating in a rock-salt\nface-centered cubic structure. From UV-Vis and PL measurements we obtain an\nindirect gap of 2.2 eV. The new compound is very stable under ambient\nconditions.\n
Carbon-doped base GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using carbon tetrachloride as a dopant source (1990)

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been used as a carbon doping source for the base region of a GaAs/AlGaAs Npn heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Transistors were fabricated and characterized for dc current gain, emitter-base junction ideality factor, base contact resistance, and external base resistance. Microwave characterization by S-parameter measurement was performed to determine the common emitter current gain and maximum available gain as a function of frequency. Transistors with the base contact area self-aligned to a 3×10 μm emitter finger had a dc current gain as high as 50, an emitter-base junction ideality factor of n=1.2, and a current gain cutoff frequency of ft=26 GHz. Transistors of equal emitter area without self-alignment exhibited dc current gain as high as 86, n=1.2, and ft=20 GHz. A base contact resistance of Rc=2.85×10−6 Ω cm2 and an external base sheet resistance of Rs=533.4 Ω/⧠ were measured. These preliminary results indicate that carbon doping from CCl4 may be an attractive substitute for Zn or Mg in GaAs/AlGaAs HBT structures grown by MOCVD.
MR Elastography for the Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Does Histologic Necroinflammation Influence the Measurement of Hepatic Stiffness? (2014)

MR elastography demonstrated excellent performance for distinguishing the stages of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. For hepatic tissue with ≤ F2 fibrosis, necroinflammation can account for a substantial fraction of the increase in hepatic stiffness.
Synthesis of DNA complementary to cellular slime mold messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of DNA complementary to cellular slime mold messenger RNA by reverse transcriptaseInder M. Verma, Richard A. Firtel, Harvey F. Lodish, and David BaltimoreCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 19, 3917–3922Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00716a016https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00716a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective-Area Growth of GaN Nanocolumns on Si(111) Substrates Using Nitrided Al Nanopatterns by RF-Plasma-Assisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxy (2008)

The selective-area growth of GaN nanocolumns using predeposited Al nanopatterns (a 300-nm-period triangular lattice of 85-nm-diameter Al nanodots) on Si(111) substrates by rf-plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (rf-MBE) was demonstrated. GaN nanocolumns were grown at the edge of each nitrided Al dot after nitridation, forming a nanotubular structure in the growth temperature range from 941 to 966 °C. The size fluctuation of the sidewall thickness in the nanotubular structure was less than that of the diameters of nanocolumns grown on the Si surface outside the nitrided Al nanopatterns. At a high growth temperature of 966 °C, nanocolumn growth on the Si surface was completely suppressed.
Modeling of nonlinear nonstationary dynamic systems with a novel class of artificial neural networks (1999)

This paper introduces a novel neural-network architecture that can be used to model time-varying Volterra systems from input-output data. The Volterra systems constitute a very broad class of stable nonlinear dynamic systems that can be extended to cover nonstationary (time-varying) cases. This novel architecture is composed of parallel subnets of three-layer perceptrons with polynomial activation functions, with the output of each subnet modulated by an appropriate time function that gives the summative output its time-varying characteristics. The paper shows the equivalence between this network architecture and the class of time-varying Volterra systems, and demonstrates the range of applicability of this approach with computer-simulated examples and real data. Although certain types of nonstationarities may not be amenable to this approach, it is hoped that this methodology will provide the practical tools for modeling some broad classes of nonlinear, nonstationary systems from input-output data, thus advancing the state of the art in a problem area that is widely viewed as a daunting challenge.
Rapid and stable speed control of SPMSM based on current differential signal (2014)

In AC servo system, the output voltage is restricted by inverter output limitations. Voltage saturation occurs as a result of this limitation. The settling time of current and speed increases because of voltage saturation. This paper proposes a new control system for improving the transient response of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) by using the proposed flux-weakening control based on current differential signal. As a result of considering the current differential signal, the suppression of voltage saturation is realized with optimal d-axis current in a transient state. The proposed speed control system realizes the quick and stable speed and current response. The effectiveness of proposed control method is confirmed by the numerical simulation results and the experimental results.
EPZ-6438/GRag combination increases EPZ-6438 sensitivity in <i>EZH2</i> Y646 mutant cell lines and overcomes insensitivity in cell lines resistant to EZH2 inhibition. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Values in the table represent EPZ-6438 mean IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values ± SEM (at least n = 2) for the indicated time points and dosing schedules. EPZ-6438 IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values were not extrapolated beyond the highest and lowest doses of EPZ-6438 (1 µM, and 0.004 µM, respectively). In cases where IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values could not be averaged due to non-extrapolated values, all replicates are listed. GRag: glucocorticoid receptor agonist, Pred: Prednisolone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;EPZ-6438/GRag combination increases EPZ-6438 sensitivity in &lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; Y646 mutant cell lines and overcomes insensitivity in cell lines resistant to EZH2 inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;
Instrumentation pour la spectroscopie bimodale (autofluorescence et diffusion élastique) in vivo (2007)

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