gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus core protein promotes cell proliferation through the upregulation of cyclin E expression levels (2001)

Our data suggest that the HCV core protein promotes cell proliferation through upregulation of the cyclin E expression levels, implying this property of HCV core protein plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Corrections to “Analog Error-Correcting Codes” (2023)

In the above article <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref>, <xref ref-type="lemma" rid="lemma2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Lemma 2</xref> contained an error, which also affects the proof of Theorem 1 therein. Specifically, Theorem 1 holds only when <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma = 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or when <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau = 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; otherwise, the “if” part in the theorem requires a stronger condition.
Stochastic modelling of electric vehicle behaviour to estimate available energy storage in parking lots (2020)

The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) brings challenges and opportunities for power systems. One particular opportunity concerns the use of parked EVs to provide energy and associated services to the grid. In this work, the potential energy storage capacity of parking lots (PLs) of EVs is computed using the proposed stochastic model which considers the sporadic nature of the EV’ behaviours (i.e. arrival/departure, battery degradation, travel pattern, charge/discharge rates). The analysis was performed for two types of PLs with very different occupancy distributions, i.e. a shopping centre PL, and a workplace PL. In both cases, the available energy storage capacity of EVs was estimated hourly using real household travel data, i‐MiEV data and car park occupancy records. The results show that the aggregated energy storage capacity closely follows the occupancy of EVs in the PLs, and is substantial, with little sensitivity to charging rate. The proposed stochastic modelling considered the variations in energy consumption, battery degradation, and user behaviour, predicted 13.4% less peak capacity than deterministic modelling. Moreover, the authors conclude that the shopping centre PL is a viable energy resource to the grid, with their scale and throughput compensating for the relatively low occupancy.
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography: technologies and clinical applications [Invited] (2017)

In this paper, we review the current state of technology development and clinical applications of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Key design and engineering considerations are discussed for most OCT endoscopes, including side-viewing and forward-viewing probes, along with different scanning mechanisms (proximal-scanning versus distal-scanning). Multi-modal endoscopes that integrate OCT with other imaging modalities are also discussed. The review of clinical applications of endoscopic OCT focuses heavily on diagnosis of diseases and guidance of interventions. Representative applications in several organ systems are presented, such as in the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems. A brief outlook of the field of endoscopic OCT is also discussed.
A quantitative investigation of fucosylated serum glycoproteins with application to esophageal adenocarcinoma (2010)

This article was originally published in Electrophoresis 2010, 31 , 1833–1841, DOI 10.1002/elps.201000046
Re-illumination of the Expressive Characteristics and Aesthetic Consciousness of Japan's Representative Modern Graphic Designers (2022)

This study re-examined the expression characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of Yusaku Kamekura, Ikko Tanaka, Shikeo Fukuda, Tadanori Yokoo, and Hara Kenya, representative Japanese graphic designers who have attracted the attention of the world's design industry from the 1960s to the present. In particular, the first-generation designer after World War II, Yusaku Kamekura has received worldwide attention by expressing the sun of the Japanese flag in a simple circle for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics poster, and Ikko Tanaka expressed the traditional theme simply and clearly at Nihonbuyo. While the posters of Kamekura and Tanaka expressed traditional materials in a simple and clear way from a modern perspective, Shigeo Fukuda's posters showed a modern expression trend that maximized the effect of optical illusions. Tadanori Yokoo used traditional Japanese materials in poster design and simultaneously expressed pop art and psychedelic expressions that deviated from Western modernism. Finally, Hara Kenya is actively realizing the design of blank space with the aesthetics of emptiness. The source of such modern graphic design in Japan can be ideologically pointed out as the Buddhist ideology of emptiness and Zen, Wabi &amp; Sabi, Shutaku, Reductionism, and in terms of style, Ukiyoe, Linpa, Western modernism. Modern Japanese graphic design, which forms the mainstream with simple forms, abstract shapes, and simple colors, sought to harmonize and balance its unique cultural identity and global universality, and designers reflected their own formative language in their work. It can be said that it is a tendency of Japanese designers to express the harmony of Japanese traditional culture and Western modernism amid the trend of modernism. This aspect can be seen as a reflection of the perception of the design world to visualize Japan's modern image as an economic and a cultural power at the same time. In particular, the poster of 5 people reflected cultural traditions and aesthetic consciousness, while re-examining the glocal Hwahonyangjae of Japanese modern graphic design that aims for universal design at the same time. In particular, in the area of graphic design, where alphabetic culture design is the mainstream, Japanese design uses Chinese characters, hirakana, and katakana, forming a unique Japanese style graphic design foundation that is highly recognized worldwide. It is expected to contribute to the spread of K-Design's external awareness along with an opportunity to examine the universality and differences inherent in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese philosophies and aesthetics through a study on the expression characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of Japanese modern graphic design.
Aggregation Number in Water/n-Hexanol Molecular Clusters Formed in Cyclohexane at Different Water/n-Hexanol/Cyclohexane Compositions Calculated by Titration 1H NMR (2017)

Upon titration of n-hexanol/cyclohexane mixtures of different molar compositions with water, water/n-hexanol clusters are formed in cyclohexane. Here, we develop a new method to estimate the water and n-hexanol aggregation numbers in the clusters that combines integration analysis in one-dimensional <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra, diffusion coefficients calculated by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy, and further application of the Stokes-Einstein equation to calculate the hydrodynamic volume of the clusters. Aggregation numbers of 5-15 molecules of n-hexanol per cluster in the absence of water were observed in the whole range of n-hexanol/cyclohexane molar fractions studied. After saturation with water, aggregation numbers of 6-13 n-hexanol and 0.5-5 water molecules per cluster were found. O-H and O-O atom distances related to hydrogen bonds between donor/acceptor molecules were theoretically calculated using density functional theory. The results show that at low n-hexanol molar fractions, where a robust hydrogen-bond network is held between n-hexanol molecules, addition of water makes the intermolecular O-O atom distance shorter, reinforcing molecular association in the clusters, whereas at high n-hexanol molar fractions, where dipole-dipole interactions dominate, addition of water makes the intermolecular O-O atom distance longer, weakening the cluster structure. This correlates with experimental NMR results, which show an increase in the size and aggregation number in the clusters upon addition of water at low n-hexanol molar fractions, and a decrease of these magnitudes at high n-hexanol molar fractions. In addition, water produces an increase in the proton exchange rate between donor/acceptor molecules at all n-hexanol molar fractions.
Retention/Diffusivity Studies in Free-Surface Flowing Liquid Lithium (2004)

FLIRE was designed to measure the hydrogen and helium retention and diffusivity in a flowing stream of liquid lithium, and it has accomplished these goals. Retention coefficients for helium in the flowing liquid stream were 0.1-2% for flow speeds of 44 cm/s and implantation energies between 500 and 2000 eV. The energy dependence of retention is linear for the energy range considered, as expected, and the dependence of retention on flow velocity fits the expected square-root of flow speed dependence. Estimates of the helium diffusion coefficient in the flowing lithium stream were {approx} 4 x 10{sup -7} cm{sup 2}/s, and are independent of implantation energy. This value is much lower than expected, which could be due to several factors, such as mixing, bubble formation or surface film formation. In the case of hydrogen, long term retention and release mechanisms are of greatest importance, since this relates to tritium inventory in flowing lithium PFCs for fusion applications. The amount of hydride formation was measured for flowing lithium exposed to neutral deuterium gas. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) measurements indicate that the hydride concentration was between 0.1 and 0.2% over a wide range of pressures (6.5 x 10{sup -5} to 1 Torr). This result implies that the deuterium absorption rate is limited by the surface dissociation rate, since deuterium (hydrogen/tritium) is absorbed in its atomic form, not its molecular form.
Economic analysis of four triple regimens for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori‐related peptic ulcer disease in in‐patient and out‐patient settings in Hong Kong (2001)

RAC and RMT are the least costly regimens for out-patient and in-patient treatment, respectively, of H. pylori-related peptic ulcer disease in Hong Kong.
Compressing backoff in CSMA networks (2016)

Randomized backoff is a well-established approach for avoiding collisions in CSMA networks. Today's backoff operation, such as in WiFi, attempts to create a total ordering among all the nodes contending for the channel. Total ordering requires assigning a unique backoff to each node, which is achieved by having nodes choose their back-offs from a large range, ultimately leading to channel wastage. This paper observes that total ordering can be achieved more efficiently. We propose “hierarchical backoff” in which nodes pick random numbers from a smaller range, resulting in groups of nodes picking the same number (i.e., partial order). Now, the group of nodes that picks the smallest number is advanced to a second round, where they again perform the same operation. This results in more efficient backoff because the time for partially ordering all nodes plus totally ordering each small groups is actually less than the time needed to totally order all nodes. Realizing the above intuition requires addressing new protocol challenges in group signaling, the feasibility of which is demonstrated on a USRP/GNUradio prototype. Large scale simulations also show consistent throughput gains by incorporating the proposed backoff approach into two CSMA protocols - WiFi and oCSMA. We also show that the proposed approach can be complementary to and even outperform existing backoff optimization schemes.
Snowfall induced by corona discharge (2016)

We demonstrated for the first time the condensation and precipitation (or snowfall) induced by a corona discharge inside a cloud chamber. Ionic wind was found to have played a more significant role than ions as extra Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN). 2.25 g of net snow enhancement was measured after applying a 30 kV corona discharge for 25 min. In comparison with another newly emerging femtosecond laser filamentation method, the snow precipitation induced by the corona discharge has about 4 orders of magnitude higher wall-plug efficiency under similar conditions.
Rate-adaptive M-QAM in MIMO diversity systems using space-time block codes (2005)

In this contribution, we first derive the Shannon capacity of MIMO orthogonal space-time block coding (STBC) in Rayleigh fading, expressing it in closed-form as function of the number of transmit and receive antennas, and the average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We then assess the performance of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) used in conjunction with STBC. The performance of this rate adaptive policy is evaluated in terms of its induced average bit error rate and average spectral efficiency, the latter being compared to the derived Shannon capacity which represents the upper bound on the achievable spectral efficiency for any practical approach to adaptive modulation (AM) using STBC.
Intrinsic vulnerability assessment in karst areas: A numerical modeling approach (2008)

The main objective of this study was to quantify the intrinsic vulnerability of karst springs by numerical modeling. A global approach is used, modeling the discharge of a karst spring. This approach includes the hydrological dynamics of karst systems and is applicable to complex karst settings, where structural and hydraulic characteristics cannot be spatially resolved with sufficient accuracy. A basis model and four extended versions were set up to determine the individual characteristics of the present karst system and to include different flow processes that could affect the vulnerability of the system. All these model setups consider, besides recharge (soil and epikarst system), the conduit and the diffuse flow system as the main characteristics of the karst aquifer. The extended setups additionally account for surface runoff, an intermediate flow system, exchange flow between the conduit and the diffuse system and seasonal variation in the water storage capacity of the recharge system. Potential use of the calibrated models to quantify the intrinsic vulnerability of karst springs is discussed on the basis of (1) the temporally changing contributions of the conduit and diffuse flow systems to spring discharge, and (2) modeled breakthrough curves resulting from a standardized contaminant input into the karst system. The modeling approach complements vulnerability mapping methods by addressing temporal and quantitative aspects of vulnerability.
Characterization of the new co-doped CsI microcolumnar films for high-speed radiographic imaging (2008)

Despite its obvious advantages, well known CsI:Tl scintillator has two characteristic properties that undermine its use in clinical and high speed imaging: the presence of an afterglow component in its scintillation decay, and a hysteresis effect that causes drift in the scintillation yield after exposure to high radiation doses. We have previously reported that the addition of a second dopant, Sm<sup>2+</sup>, to the CsI:Tl crystals, significantly suppresses both afterglow and hysteresis. Here we report on the fabrication and characterization of the Sm co-doped CsI:Tl microcolumnar films to examine if these properties are preserved in films as well. Our preliminary data suggests that the Sm co-doped CsI:Tl films significantly improve temporal response relative to their CsI:Tl counterpart, and that the newly developed films demonstrate excellent spatial resolution. Various aspects of these effects and their consequences for imaging performance are discussed in this paper.
Influence of infection of cells with bacteria associated with reactive arthritis on the peptide repertoire presented by HLA-B27 (2001)

Reactive arthritis (ReA) after infections with various gram-negative bacteria is strongly associated with the MHC class I molecule HLA-B27. It is supposed that the B27 molecule itself plays a role in the pathogenesis of ReA by presenting antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The peptide repertoires presented by Salmonella - , Shigella - and non-infected cells were compared to identify such peptides. From the peptides isolated from the B27 molecules of these cells, profiles were generated by reversed-phase chromatography and peaks present in the profiles from infected cells but not in profiles from non-infected cells were studied for their peptide compositions. Some sequences with identity to those in human histone H3, human ribosomal protein S17 and the heavy chain of HLA-B27 itself were detected only in profiles from infected cells. All peptides identified from infected cells contained the B*2705 peptide-binding motif. The data suggest that HLA-B27-positive cells infected with ReA-inducing bacteria show an increased presentation of certain self-peptides. There was no evidence for altered peptide-binding specificity of B27 after infection. However, the interpretations were hampered by the variation in peptide presentation between different experiments.
RNA Genetics of Breast Cancer: Maspin as Paradigm (1994)

The strong influence of fashions in scientific thought continues to play an inhibitory role in scientific progress, even in the molecular genetics of cancer, the subject of this Symposium. As an example, we discuss here genes that are altered in expression in cancer cells compared with normal, but are not themselves mutated. As we show here, such genes are plentiful in cancer. Thus, they merit a sharpened focus: to wit, RNA genetics.
Tilted beam scanning electron microscopy, 3-D metrology for microelectronics industry (2019)

In the microelectronics industry, most of the dimensional metrology relies on critical dimension (CD) estimation. These measurements are mainly performed by critical dimension scanning electron microscopy, because it is a very fast, mainly nondestructive method and enables direct measurements on wafers. To measure CDs, the distance is estimated between the edges of the observed pattern on an SEM image. As the CD becomes smaller and smaller, the needs for more reliable metrology techniques emerge. In order to obtain more meaningful and reproducible CD measurements regardless of the pattern type (line, space, contact, hole, etc.), one needs to perform a CD measurement at a known and constant height due to a methodology that determines the topographic shape of the pattern from SEM images. An SEM capable of bending the electron beam (up to 12 deg in our case) allows images to be caught at different angles, giving access to more information. From the analysis of such images, pattern height and sidewall angles can be determined using geometric considerations. Understanding interaction between three-dimensional (3-D) shapes, pattern materials, and the electron beam becomes essential to correlate topography information. A preliminary work based on Monte–Carlo simulations was conducted using JMONSEL, a software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. With this analysis, it is possible to determine theoretical trends for different topographies and beam tilt conditions. Due to the effects highlighted by simulations, the processing of the tilted beam SEM images will be presented, as well as the method used to create a mathematical model allowing topographic reconstruction from these images. Finally some reconstruction using this model will be shown and compared to reference measurements. The overall flow used to process images is presented. First, images are transformed into grayscale profiles. After a smoothing procedure, positional descriptors are computed for specific profile derivatives values. Then, from these descriptors coming from two images of the same pattern taken at different tilt angles, we use a low-complexity linear model in order to obtain the geometrical parameters of the structure. This model is created and initially calibrated using JMONSEL simulations and then recalibrated on real silicon patterns. We demonstrate that the use of real SEM images coming from real silicon patterns with our model leads to results that are coherent with conventional 3-D measurements techniques taken as reference. Moreover, we are able to make reliable reconstructions on patterns of various heights with a single calibrated model. Our batch of experiment shows a three-sigma standard deviation of 10 nm on the estimated height for heights ranging from 50 nm to more than 200 nm. Based on simulations, we are able to reconstruct the corner rounding (CR) from SEM images. However, because our wafer has no CR variability, measurements still need to be assessed on real wafer.
Responses of the human visual cortex and LGN to achromatic and chromatic temporal modulations: An fMRI study (2010)

In this study, we investigate how the responses of the human visual pathway to temporal frequency are modified as information transfers between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V1) and to the extrastriate areas of the dorsal and ventral streams (V2, V3, VP, V3A, V4, and MT). We use high-field fMRI (4 T) to record simultaneously the responses of these areas across temporal frequency for chromatic stimuli (L/M-cone opponent and S-cone opponent) and stimuli of high and low achromatic contrasts. We find that: (1) the LGN has relatively low-pass responses for temporal frequency at both high and low achromatic contrasts, indicating that LGN cell spiking activity is not well reflected in the BOLD response. In addition, M cell-like temporal responses were not found, even at low contrasts. (2) Responses in V1 and extrastriate areas V2, V3, VP, and V3A display a progressively low-pass dependence on temporal frequency for achromatic stimuli (2-16 Hz) and are flat for chromatic stimuli (2-8 Hz), showing little overall difference between chromatic and achromatic cortical temporal filtering. (3) Strongly differential effects are found between dorsal and ventral stream processing by the level of MT and V4. V4 shows a significant low-pass temporal dependence for all achromatic and chromatic stimuli, whereas MT has temporally high-pass or flat responses for achromatic and chromatic stimuli. MT was the only visual area that showed M cell-like responses. We conclude that the dorsal and ventral pathways of human vision progressively develop characteristic differences in temporal processing that affect both chromatic and achromatic stimuli.
An Initial study on The Reliability of Power Semiconductor Devices (2010)

An initial literature study combined with some basic comparative simulations has been performed on different electricfield modulation techniques and the subsequent reliability issues are reported for power semiconductor devices. An explanation of the most important power device metrics such as the offstate breakdown (BV) and specific on-resistance (RON) will be given, followed by a short overview of some of the electrostatic techniques (fieldplates, RESURF e.g. [1]) used to suppress peak electric fields. Furthermore it will be addressed that the high current operation of these devices results in shifting electric field peaks (Kirk effect [2], [3]) and as such different avalanche behavior, resulting in (gate oxide) reliability issues unlike those of conventional CMOS.
Electrical Characterization of the Graphene-SiC Heterojunction (2012)

Graphene, a 2D material, has motivated significant research in the study of its in-plane charge carrier transport in order to understand and exploit its unique physical and electrical properties. The vertical graphene-semiconductor system, however, also presents opportunities for unique devices, yet there have been few attempts to understand the properties of carrier transport through the graphene sheet into an underlying substrate. In this work, we investigate the epitaxial graphene/4H-SiC system, studying both p and n-type SiC substrates with varying doping levels in order to better understand this vertical heterojunction.