gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupled behaviors in the reactive control of cooperating mobile robots (1995)

A group of stimulus-response functions have been combined in a behavior-based reactive control architecture for groups of cooperating mobile robots. A successful object relocation task has been achieved with two coupled robots using the Behavior Synthesis Architecture. However, as task complexity increases preplanning the behavior parameters is increasingly difficult. A mechanism for on-line parameter adjustment is therefore necessary (although a learning process could be used, this often requires extensive processing ability on the robot). This paper outlines the system of Behavior Synthesis and a possible method of adaptively modifying the dynamic coupling between behaviors. The aim of this approach is to emulate the process of 'attention span' as displayed by most animals, in which current sensory input has a higher priority and this decreases the importance of behaviors not essential to the current situation.
Radio over internet protocol transmission in optic based cable TV networks (2017)

This paper presents a method named RoIP (Radio over Internet Protocol) for converting an analog upstream radio frequency signal to a digitized signal and transmitting the digitized signal via an internet protocol in an optic based cable TV network. RoIP allows cable operators to begin installing PONs (Passive Optical Networks) today while keeping their investment in set-top-boxes, cable modems, and back-office systems.
Bioactive and photocatalytically active surgical implant surfaces (2012)

Improving biomedical implants via deposition of functionalised surface coatings is a growing field of research. An enhanced bone-bonding capability by induction of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on the implant surface is a critical characteristic of a bioactive implant coating. In the field of implants, infections present a major problem, and result mostly from the contamination of the implant surface by bacteria during surgery. There is a need for antibacterial surface treatments, which can prevent the bacterial colonization and biofilm formation without compromising the biocompatibility of the implant itself.Crystalline TiO2 is not only a bioactive, non-resorbable material, it also exhibits excellent superhydrophilic and photocatalytic properties when irradiated with UV light. Thus, UV irradiation induced photocatalysis on crystalline TiO2 implant surfaces may present an effective method for decontaminating implant surfaces.In our study we have evaluated the influence of the main deposition parameters in the cathodic evaporation process on the microstructure of TiO2 thin films and correlated these to the photocatalytic activity (PCA) and in vitro bioactivity of the coatings.Bioactivity of all as deposited coatings was confirmed by the growth of uniform layers of HA after 7 days in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C. Comparison of the HA growth after 24 hours indicated enhanced HA formation on coatings with small titanium dioxide grains of the rutile and the anatase phase. The results from the PCA studies showed that coatings containing a mixed microstructure of both anatase and rutile phases, with small grain sizes in the range of 26-30 nm and with a coating thickness of about 250 nm, exhibited enhanced activity as compared to other microstructures and higher coating thickness. The results of this study should be valuable for the development of new bioactive implant coatings with photocatalytically induced on-demand antibacterial properties.
Quantitative Fluoroscopy (1981)

Quantitative aspects of a computerized fluoroscopic system are discussed. The system consists of an x-ray image intensifier-TV chain and a digital video image processor. Experimental results to demonstrate the capability of the system are presented. The video-volumetric measurements with the system are demonstrated.
On the iterative decoding of sparse quantum codes (2008)

We address the problem of decoding sparse quantum error correction codes. For Pauli channels, this task can be accomplished by a version of the belief propagation algorithm used for decoding sparse classical codes. Quantum codes pose two new challenges however. Firstly, their Tanner graph unavoidably contain small loops which typically undermines the performance of belief propagation. Secondly, sparse quantum codes are by definition highly degenerate. The standard belief propagation algorithm does not exploit this feature, but rather it is impaired by it. We propose heuristic methods to improve belief propagation decoding, specifically targeted at these two problems. While our results exhibit a clear improvement due to the proposed heuristic methods, they also indicate that the main source of errors in the quantum coding scheme remains in the decoding.
Characterization of ATM Expression, Localization, and Associated DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Activity (1998)

Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) is a 350-kDa protein whose function is defective in the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were used to characterize ATM. Steady-state levels of ATM protein varied from undetectable in most AT cell lines to highly expressed in HeLa, U2OS, and normal human fibroblasts. Subcellular fractionation showed that ATM is predominantly a nuclear protein associated with the chromatin and nuclear matrix. ATM protein levels remained constant throughout the cell cycle and did not change in response to serum stimulation. Ionizing radiation had no significant effect on either the expression or distribution of ATM. ATM immunoprecipitates from HeLa cells and the human DNA-dependent protein kinase null cell line MO59J, but not from AT cells, phosphorylated the 34-kDa subunit of replication protein A (RPA) complex in a single-stranded and linear double-stranded DNA-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of p34 RPA occurred on threonine and serine residues. Phosphopeptide analysis demonstrates that the ATM-associated protein kinase phosphorylates p34 RPA on similar residues observed in vivo. The DNA-dependent protein kinase activity observed for ATM immunocomplexes, along with the association of ATM with chromatin, suggests that DNA damage can induce ATM or a stably associated protein kinase to phosphorylate proteins in the DNA damage response pathway.
Powder-Coated Towpreg: Avenues to Near Net Shape Fabrication of High Performance Composites (1995)

Near net shape parts were fabricated from powder-coated preforms. Key issues including powder loss during weaving and tow/tow friction during braiding were addressed, respectively, by fusing the powder to the fiber prior to weaving and applying a water-based gel to the towpreg prior to braiding. A 4:1 debulking of a complex 3-D woven powder-coated preform was achieved in a single step utilizing expansion rubber molding. Also, a process was developed for using powder-coated towpreg to fabricate consolidated ribbon having good dimensional integrity and low voids. Such ribbon will be required for in situ fabrication of structural components via heated head advanced tow placement. To implement process control and ensure high quality ribbon, the ribbonizer heat transfer and pulling force were modeled from fundamental principles. Most of the new ribbons were fabricated from dry polyarylene ether and polymide powders.
Accuracy improvement of time delay correction method for PET-based tumor tracking (2013)

The world's first open type PET, named OpenPET, is being developed at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. We are aiming to employ the OpenPET in radiotherapy and to track the respiratory motion of a tumor in the thoracoabdominal region of a patient. By using PET images, we expect that the tumor itself can be directly visualized without using radio-opaque markers. Our prototype OpenPET system can output reconstructed images at about 2 frames per second with about a 2 s delay; this delay is mainly due to the reconstruction calculation time. Therefore we presented a time delay correction method with belt type piezoelectric sensor for tumor tracking for the OpenPET with support vector regression method (SVR) in the last IEEE NSS-MIC meeting. In this paper, we improved accuracy of this method. In the modified method, we added body surface displacement velocity as a secondary independent variable of the regression line so that it represents hysteresis effect. In addition, to supplement SVR's prediction posterior probability, we introduced hidden Markov model (HMM). As the result, the mean and maximum tracking error was decreased 1.25 mm and 4.70 mm in the most effective case, respectively.
Video Tracking of Tuohy Needle for an Enhanced Epidural Simulator User Interface (2013)

A real time motion tracking image processing system was developed for tracking movement of a Tuohy epidural needle. The aim is to use the tracking system to plot 3D movement and rotation of the Tuohy needle to create an enhanced user interface for an epidural simulator. When the needle is angled on its plane or rotated on transverse plane for paramedian insertion the algorithm calculates these angles. The tracker provides a 5-DOF (Degrees of freedom) input option. The image tracker controls a graphical simulation of needle insertion in which a Tuohy needle can be inserted at any location on the patient’s back. As the needle is moved, the virtual needle is moved to the corresponding location in the simulation giving an intuitive interface without using a keyboard or mouse. The image tracking algorithm works by using colour segmentation image processing with a red colour marker on the needle tip. Tracking of the needle position and needle angulation were possible in excess of 10 frames per second even with changes to lighting. A second device is incorporated which measures the pressure of saline inside the syringe barrel so that the simulation can respond to applied pressure.
Degradation of Charge Collection Efficiency Obtained for 6H-SiC n<sup>+</sup>p Diodes Irradiated with Gold Ions (2007)

The charge generated in 6H-SiC n+p diodes by gold (Au) ion irradiation at an energy of 12 MeV was evaluated using the Transient Ion Beam Induced Current (TIBIC). The signal peak of the transient current increases, and the fall-time decreases with increasing applied reverse bias. The value of collected charge experimentally obtained is smaller than the ideal value. The Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) of 6H-SiC n+p diodes irradiated with Au ions is approximately 50 % in spite that the CCE of 100 % is obtained in the case of oxygen (O) ion irradiation.
Overview of large scale optimization for discriminative training in speech recognition (2012)

Over the past few decades, a variety of specialized approaches have been proposed to solve large problems in speech recognition. Conventional optimization techniques have not been widely applied, because the problems do not readily admit an objective for evaluating a given set of parameters and because of the large number of parameters. This situation is changing, due to recent developments in algorithmic optimization. In this paper, we review the specialized algorithms, including methods derived from the extended Baum-Welch (EBW) approach, Rprop, and GIS. We discuss optimization frameworks that could also potentially be applied, and outline some connections between the optimization methods and existing specialized methods.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel Aza-acyclonucleosides (1999)

We have prepared a series of novel aza-acyclonucleosides as potential antiviral agents. These compounds were prepared from diethanolamine and the desired purine or pyrimidine base via a Mitsunobu coupling. No antiviral activity was observed against either HSV-1 or HCMV.
Recursive Control Variates for Inverse Rendering (2023)

We present a method for reducing errors---variance and bias---in physically based differentiable rendering (PBDR). Typical applications of PBDR repeatedly render a scene as part of an optimization loop involving gradient descent. The actual change introduced by each gradient descent step is often relatively small, causing a significant degree of redundancy in this computation. We exploit this redundancy by formulating a gradient estimator that employs a recursive control variate , which leverages information from previous optimization steps. The control variate reduces variance in gradients, and, perhaps more importantly, alleviates issues that arise from differentiating loss functions with respect to noisy inputs, a common cause of drift to bad local minima or divergent optimizations. We experimentally evaluate our approach on a variety of path-traced scenes containing surfaces and volumes and observe that primal rendering efficiency improves by a factor of up to 10.
Effective Desynchronization by Nonlinear Delayed Feedback (2005)

We show that nonlinear delayed feedback opens up novel means for the control of synchronization. In particular, we propose a demand-controlled method for powerful desynchronization, which does not require any time-consuming calibration. Our technique distinguishes itself by its robustness against variations of system parameters, even in strongly coupled ensembles of oscillators. We suggest our method for mild and effective deep brain stimulation in neurological diseases characterized by pathological cerebral synchronization.
Coevolutionary Agent-based Network Defense Lightweight Event System (CANDLES) (2015)

Predicting an adversary's capabilities, intentions, and probable vectors of attack is in general a complex and arduous task. Cyber space is particularly vulnerable to unforeseen attacks, as most computer networks have a large, complex, opaque attack surface area and are therefore extremely difficult to analyze. Abstract adversarial models which capture the pertinent features needed for analysis, can reduce the complexity sufficiently to make analysis feasible. Game theory allows for mathematical analysis of adversarial models; however, its scalability limitations restrict its use to simple, abstract models. Computational game theory is focused on scaling classical game theory to large, complex systems capable of modeling real-world environments; one promising approach is coevolution where each player's 'fitness is dependent on its adversaries. In this paper, we propose the Coevolutionary Agent-based Network Defense Lightweight Event System (CANDLES), a framework designed to coevolve attacker and defender agent strategies and evaluate potential solutions with a custom, abstract computer network defense simulation. By performing a qualitative analysis of the result data, we provide a proof of concept for the applicability of coevolution in planning for, and defending against, novel attacker strategies in computer network security.
An Accurate Stack Memory Abstraction and Symbolic Analysis Framework for Executables (2013)

This paper makes two contributions regarding reverse engineering of executables. First, techniques are presented for recovering a precise and correct stack memory model in executables in presence of executable-specific artifacts such as indirect control transfers. Next, the enhanced memory model is employed to define a novel symbolic analysis framework for executables that can perform the same types of program analysis as source-level tools. Frameworks hitherto fail to simultaneously maintain the properties of correct representation and precise memory model and ignore memory-allocated variables while defining symbolic analysis mechanisms. Our methods do not use symbolic, relocation, or debug information, which are usually absent in deployed binaries. We describe our framework, highlighting the novel intellectual contributions of our approach, and demonstrate its efficacy and robustness by applying it to various traditional analyses, including identifying information flow vulnerabilities in five real-world programs.
Band-Gap-Engineered Transparent Perovskite Solar Modules to Combine Photovoltaics with Photosynthesis (2021)

A hybrid energy harvesting system that simultaneously generates electrical energy and chemical energy with an increased overall energy conversion efficiency is designed. A photovoltaic system together with photosynthesis-executing plants forms the system. The photosynthesis-executing plants are placed directly behind or under the solar cells, but the presence of the solar cells does not affect the photosynthesis process of the plant. The spectral characteristics of the solar cells are tuned to allow for optimal plant growth. To achieve the required spectral absorption, the solar cells are tailored by using a high-band-gap (1.95 eV) mixed-halide perovskite. A guide on how to achieve an efficient hybrid energy-harvesting system is introduced. Furthermore, the suggested solar module enables a simple manufacturing process, which is consistent with the fabrication of most thin-film solar modules.
Skill evaluation of human operators (2002)

The skills of humans performing tasks can be evaluated using Fitts' law, which is described by a straight line in the coordinate system of execution time and task difficulty index. The inverse of the slope of the straight line is called the execution capacity of a human. The aforementioned variables can be calculated from experimental data collected for a task. Experimental data were collected in the task in which a peg attached to the hand of an exoskeleton guided by a human arm was placed into a hole. Indeed, we have determined the mean and standard deviations for individual performances and also for the performances of a group of individuals. Thus, the numerical values calculated to describe the skills of an individual form a basis for comparison of the skills of the individuals. Our study introduces a novel probabilistic skill index to evaluate skills of operators performing tasks characterized by two or more variables. The probabilistic skill index provides a broader basis for the skill evaluations of the individuals. Moreover, the skills of the individuals performing tasks can be compared objectively by using the probabilistic skill index introduced.
Optical remote sensing inside an inhomogeneous axisymmetric medium: the absorption field measurement (2000)

It is shown that the absorption field inside an inhomogeneous, rotationally symmetric medium with a spatially variable refractive index can be reconstructed by means of a tomographic technique. The classic Abel transform is extended to non-Euclidean optical media. The optical behavior of such a medium is described and, provided that the product of the refractive index with the radial distance is a monotonic function, an exact inverse formula is found. Both a numerical and an analytical test on a phantom function is carried out to prove the exactness of this formula. In contrast, when the assumption of a monotonic function is not true, it is shown that the reconstruction problem becomes subdeterminate because of the presence of annular regions, known as blind areas, inside of which no curved path reaches an extremum. The spatial localization and the size of these regions are related to the extrema of the index of refraction times the radial distance.
A dynamic infrastructure for interconnecting disparate ISR/ISTAR assets (the ITA sensor fabric) (2009)

Modern ISR1/ISTAR2 networks comprise a very diverse and disparate set of asset types and networking technologies, which provide a unique set of challenges in the areas of sensor identification, classification, interoperability and sensor data sharing, dissemination and consumability. This paper presents the ITA Sensor Fabric, developed as part of the International Technology Alliance (ITA) in Network and Information Science, a middleware infrastructure that addresses these challenges by providing unified/universal policy controlled access to, and management of, ISR/ISTAR networks. The ITA Sensor Fabric spans the network from command and control, through forward operating bases, and out to mobile forces and fielded (both mobile and/or fixed) sensors in the area of operations. This paper also presents a use case scenario developed in partnership with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and deployed in ARL's Wireless Emulation Laboratory (WEL), that demonstrates the ITA Sensor Fabric applicability to coalition operations.
Diversity Transmission for Correlation-Based Slot Synchronization with Noncoherent Combining (2009)

We analyze MIMO diversity transmission of synchronization signals in a slot synchronization scenario typical in modern wireless communication systems. Assuming a threshold-based correlation detector with noncoherent combining of diversity branches at the receiver, we derive general analytical expressions for probabilities of false alarm, detection and missed detection for a frequency-selective MIMO channel, and study the effects of diversity and channel correlation to these quantities. We apply the theoretical analysis for the usual SIMO case, cyclic delay diversity, time-switched transmit diversity, orthogonal transmit diversity and the precoding vector/matrix switching techniques. We verify the theoretical analysis through simulations in a practical 3GPP LTE context. Finally, we evaluate performance of the diversity schemes in different scenarios using the derived theoretical expressions.
About the Role of Water in Surface-Grafted Poly(ethylene glycol) Layers (2004)

We focus on the role of water in a protein-resistant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layer. Using the combination of two experimental techniques, namely, the extended surface forces apparatus and the quartz crystal microbalance, we demonstrate that the water content inside these surface-grafted layers is over 80 vol % while the conformational space of the PEG chains is significantly modulated in water. Discrete and reversible film thickness transitions of 1.25 A size are shown to occur when the film is compressed, a finding that suggests a high degree of organization in the PEG/water complex. The results are discussed in terms of the excellent protein resistance properties of this type of surface.
Respiratory motion management using a single rapid MRI scan for a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac system (2023)

We have successfully demonstrated a method for respiratory motion management for MRI-guided RT. The method integrated self-navigated respiratory motion detection, deep-learning P2P 4D-MRI reconstruction, and a motion integrated reconstruction (MOTIF) for 3D-MRI using a single rapid MRI scan (35-45 s) on a 0.35 T MRI-Linac system.
A new mode of reactivity for nitrile ylides? (1993)

Treatment of the imidoyl chlorides 4 with base afforded the imidazoles 6; these formal dimerisation products are the opposite regioisomers to those predicted by an analysis of the frontier molecular orbitals for the cycloaddition of the nitrile ylides 5 to their imidoyl chloride 4 precursors.
Total Internal Reflection Optical Switch in SOI With Defect Engineered Barrier Region (2010)

Total internal reflection optical switches offer a switching operation which can be wavelength insensitive, thermally stable and polarisation independent. The implementation of such a switch based upon carrier injection in silicon is difficult due to the long diffusion lengths of injected free carriers. In this paper experimental results are presented which show that a reflective type switching operation is obtainable if a barrier formed of defective silicon is used to reduce free carrier diffusion.