gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phasor extremum seeking control with adaptive perturbation amplitude (2016)

In this paper, we propose a perturbation amplitude adaption scheme for phasor extremum seeking control based on the plant's estimated gradient. By using phasor extremum seeking instead of classical extremum seeking, the problem of algebraic loops in the controller formulation is avoided. Furthermore, a stability analysis for the proposed method is provided, which is the first stability analysis for extremum seeking controllers using adaptive amplitudes. The proposed method is illustrated using numerical examples and it is found that changes in optimum can be tracked accurately while the steady-state perturbations can be reduced significantly.
Abstract 256: Dysfunctional Cardiac Stem Cell Niches Condition the Aging of the Heart (2012)

The objective of this study was to determine whether aging of the heart is characterized by alterations in the cellular composition of cardiac niches and defective cardiomyogenesis. By employing a morphometric approach in which the three-dimensional structure of each niche was evaluated, we examined 40 and 20 cardiac niches in young and old Fischer 344 rats, respectively. Although a niche can include a single stem cell, clusters composed of three or more cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and early lineage committed cells (LCCs) were included in the analysis. LCCs expressed the stem cell antigen c-kit in combination with the marker of cardiac commitment GATA4. The average volume of the niches did not vary with age. Surprisingly, the number of lineage-negative CSCs increased from 4 to 28 months. Young niches contained 6 CSCs while old niches showed 10 CSCs. However, the fraction of CSCs positive for the senescence-associated marker p16 INK4a increased 14-fold with age, from 6% to 85%. Corresponding values for LCCs were 8% and 82%. Apoptosis of CSCs-LCCs increased with age and was restricted to p16 INK4a -positive-cells. However, the fraction of senescent CSCs-LCCs undergoing apoptosis decreased 3.5-fold with age: apoptosis was detected in 7% and 2% of p16 INK4a positive CSCs-LCCs of young and old animals, respectively resulting in the accumulation of senescent cells.Freshly isolated CSCs proliferated in response to growth stimuli but this effect was attenuated in old cells. This finding was consistent with the decreased expression of the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) in senescent CSCs. Collectively, the accumulation of senescent CSCs and the poor response of p16 INK4a- negative CSCs to growth stimuli determined the formation of dysfunctional niches. Abnormal niche turnover led to the generation of rapidly aging cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, the cellular composition of the niches varies with age. The decrease in the number of functionally-competent CSCs-LCCs together with the accumulation of senescent CSCs-LCCs limits the ability of CSC niches to repopulate the senescent ventricular myocardium.
Precipitation kinetics in N18 P/M superalloy : experimental study and numerical modelling (1993)

Heat treatments of aeronautical turbine disks produced by powder metallurgy include γ' solutionning, quenching and subsequent annealing. In the present work, the intragranular γ' precipitation kinetics during the quench has been followed by dilatometry and transmission electron microscopy. The precipitation steps are studied on specimens "hyperquenched" from selected temperatures during a simulated industrial quench. Experimental results are compared with a pseudo-binary model based on classical homogeneous nucleation and coarsening theories. While the precipitate volume fraction is lower than 20%, a good quantitative agreement is observed.
Enhancing Scatter Plots Using Ellipsoid Pixel Placement and Shading (2013)

Scatter plots are one of the most powerful techniques for visualizing relationships between two continuous variables. Using scatter plots, it is easy to find how one variable is affected by another. However, scatter plots may have a high degree of overlap, and therefore, important local patterns and trends may be hidden. Generalized scatter plots provide overlap-distortion optimized views, but the point repositioning algorithm used for avoiding overlap does not take the local structure of the data into account. In this paper, we enhance scatter plots using ellipsoid point placement and a cluster shading algorithm. In particular, we use local correlations to compute the rotation and aspect ratios of the ellipsoids used for the point placement, and add shading to the point clusters to visually encode the points' original locations. The effect of the shading and lighting can be controlled by the user.
eQED: an efficient method for interpreting eQTL associations using protein networks (2008)

Analysis of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is an emerging technique in which individuals are genotyped across a panel of genetic markers and, simultaneously, phenotyped using DNA microarrays. Because of the spacing of markers and linkage disequilibrium, each marker may be near many genes making it difficult to finely map which of these genes are the causal factors responsible for the observed changes in the downstream expression. To address this challenge, we present an efficient method for prioritizing candidate genes at a locus. This approach, called 'eQTL electrical diagrams' (eQED), integrates eQTLs with protein interaction networks by modeling the two data sets as a wiring diagram of current sources and resistors. eQED achieved a 79% accuracy in recovering a reference set of regulator-target pairs in yeast, which is significantly higher than the performance of three competing methods. eQED also annotates 368 protein-protein interactions with their directionality of information flow with an accuracy of approximately 75%.
Selective delipidation of plasma HDL enhances reverse cholesterol transport in vivo (2009)

Uptake of cholesterol from peripheral cells by nascent small HDL circulating in plasma is necessary to prevent atherosclerosis. This process, termed reverse cholesterol transport, produces larger cholesterol-rich HDL that transfers its cholesterol to the liver facilitating excretion. Most HDL in plasma is cholesterol-rich. We demonstrate that treating plasma with a novel selective delipidation procedure converts large to small HDL [HDL-selectively delipidated (HDL-sdl)]. HDL-sdl contains several cholesterol-depleted species resembling small alpha, prebeta-1, and other prebeta forms. Selective delipidation markedly increases efficacy of plasma to stimulate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol transfer from monocytic cells to HDL. Plasma from African Green monkeys underwent selective HDL delipidation. The delipidated plasma was reinfused into five monkeys. Prebeta-1-like HDL had a plasma residence time of 8 +/- 6 h and was converted entirely to large alpha-HDL having residence times of 13-14 h. Small alpha-HDL was converted entirely to large alpha-HDL. These findings suggest that selective HDL delipidation activates reverse cholesterol transport, in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with delipidated plasma tended to reduce diet-induced aortic atherosclerosis in monkeys measured by intravascular ultrasound. These findings link the conversion of small to large HDL, in vivo, to improvement in atherosclerosis.
Asymmetric Composition of Ionic Aggregates and the Origin of High Correlated Transference Number in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes (2020)

"Water-in-salt" electrolytes open up exciting new avenues for expanding the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes. We investigated the solvation structure and dynamics of highly concentrated lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide aqueous electrolyte using experimentally corroborated molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations revealed that the heterogeneous structure of the electrolyte comprises percolating networks of ion and water domains/aggregates. Interestingly, the ionic regions are composed of more TFSI<sup>-</sup> ions than Li<sup>+</sup> ions. The Li<sup>+</sup>-ion transport mechanism was further explored. Li<sup>+</sup> ions can hop along the coordinated TFSI<sup>-</sup> ions in the ionic aggregates. The calculated correlated transference number of the 20 m electrolyte is ∼0.32, which is reasonably high for the high concentration due to a weak negative correlation between the motion of cations and anions within the heterogeneous microscopic domains. These molecular dynamics results connect the heterogeneous structure of the electrolyte to the correlated dynamics of the Li<sup>+</sup> ion and provide a new understanding of the Li<sup>+</sup>-ion transport mechanism in this novel electrolyte.
Finite Element Model Prediction of Pulmonary Contusion in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Simulations of Real-World Crashes (2015)

A preliminary threshold for maximum crush was calculated to predict a clinically significant volume of pulmonary contusion.
Alterations In The Muscle Force Transfer Apparatus In Aged Rats During Unloading And Reloading. (2015)

In very old animals, lateral force transmission in skeletal muscle is severely impaired. The dystrophin-glycoprotein (DGC) and integrin/focal adhesion complexes are important in promoting interactions between the cytoskeleton, membrane and extracellular matrix within skeletal muscle. However, little is known about how these complexes are affected by loading and age where they may play a role in sensing and transmitting mechanical forces. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of ageing on the force transfer/production apparatus following a time course of muscle unloading and reloading. METHODS: Nine and twenty-eight month old rats were subjected to 14 days hindlimb suspension unloading (HLS) and 3, 7 and 14 days reloading (REL). Muscle force production (Nm/Hz; Aurora Scientific Series 300B) and plantar flexor wet weight (g) were determined. Western blotting was performed to determine Dystrophin, β-dystroglycan, α-sarcoglycan, desmin, and β-1 integrin protein levels. Age comparisons were made using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: After 14 days unloading, there was a 31.4% decrease (Baseline 0.938±0.08 vs. REL 0.879±0.08) in muscle weight for young vs. 28.3% decrease (Baseline 0.872±0.07 vs. REL 0.672±0.05, p<0.05) in old rats. Over the same period, muscle force production decreased by 38% in 28 month-old rats, whereas in 9-month old rats, there was no decrease in force production, suggesting better force transmission in the young. There were no significant alterations in dystropin or β-dystroglycan protein levels between young and old rats, or during gastrocnemius muscle unloading/loading. After 3 (Old 8.32% vs. Young 1.13%) and 14days (Old 7.85% vs. Young 0.96%), a significant (p<0.05) increase in α-sarcoglycan and desmin protein levels were observed in old verses young rats. CONCLUSION: Alterations in muscle force were minimized in the young following unloading. Unloading and reloading were associated with changes in the force transfer apparatus in the old suggesting that aging alters transfer of force as well as the response to loading.
Hybrid quadrature polar modulator-based transmitter with digital predistorter for simultaneous enhancement of adjacent channel power ratios and power added efficiency (PAE) (2008)

The design and linearisation techniques for a highly efficient but nonlinear Class-E power amplifier (PA) applied to linear RF transmitters are presented. A hybrid quadrature polar modulator (HQPM) is proposed to linearise the Class-E PA. To accomplish this HQPM-based transmitter, the Class-E PA is designed with a consideration of finite DC-feed inductance for a wide supply voltage modulation bandwidth. In addition, a digital predistorter is embedded in the HQPM to provide the predistorted envelope modulation for both RF-input and supply voltage signals fed to the Class-E PA. A cdma2000 1x transmitter incorporating such a Class-E PA and a HQPM have been implemented to serve as an evidence for the simultaneous achievement of high linearity and high efficiency.
A population-based comparison of CIREN and NASS cases using similarity scoring. (2007)

The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) provides significant details on injuries, and data on patient outcomes that is unavailable in the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). However, CIREN cases are selected from specific Level I trauma centers with different inclusion criteria than those used for NASS, and the assertion that a given case is similar to the population of NASS cases is often made qualitatively. A robust, quantitative method is needed to compare CIREN to weighted NASS populations. This would greatly improve the usefulness and applicability of research conducted with data from the CIREN database. Our objective is to outline and demonstrate the utility of such a system to compare CIREN and NASS cases. This study applies the Mahalanobis distance metric methodology to determine similarity between CIREN and NASS/CDS cases. The Mahalanobis distance method is a multivariate technique for population comparison. Independent variables considered were total delta V, age, weight, height, maximum AIS, ISS, model year, gender, maximum intrusion, number of lower and upper extremity injuries, and number of head and chest injuries. The technique provides a unit-independent quantitative score which can be used to identify similarity of CIREN and NASS cases. Weighted NASS data and CIREN data were obtained for the years 2001-2005. NASS cases with Maximum AIS 3 resulted in a subset of 1,869 NASS cases, and 2,819 CIREN cases.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Cryomilled Conicraly Powders (2011)

The influence of a cryomilling treatment in liquid N2 on the characteristics of Co-32Ni-21Cr-8Al-0.5Y powders is first investigated in this work. The cryogenic process is then followed by a consolidation step performed using Spark Plasma Sintering. Different morphology, particle size increase, crystallite size decrease down to nanometric level and higher sinterability are the most important changes observed in CoNiCrAlY powders after cryomilling. Correspondingly, a relatively finer micro structure is obtained in SPSed samples. Moreover, if samples obtained starting from cryomilled powders are exposed to an oxidizing environment at high temperature, a protective a-Al203 layer is produced on their external surface, while the formation of undesired unstable oxides is hindered. This result seems promising with the final aim of increasing high-temperature oxidation resistance in TBC of gas turbine engines.
Interaction of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase with YC-1:  Kinetic and Resonance Raman Studies (2000)

The enzyme-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which converts GTP to cGMP, is a receptor for the signaling agent nitric oxide (NO). YC-1, a synthetic benzylindazole derivative, has been shown to activate sGC in an NO-independent fashion. In the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), which by itself activates sGC approximately 5-fold, YC-1 activates sGC to a level comparable to stimulation by NO alone. We have used kinetic analyses and resonance Raman spectroscopy (RR) to investigate the interaction of YC-1 and CO with guanylate cyclase. In the presence of CO and 200 microM YC-1, the V(max)/K(m GTP) increases 226-fold. While YC-1 does not perturb the RR spectrum of the ferrous form of baculovirus/Sf9 cell expressed sGC, it induces a shift in the Fe-CO stretching frequency for the CO-bound form from 474 to 492 cm(-1). Similarly, YC-1 has no effect on the RR spectrum of ferrous beta1(1-385), the isolated sGC heme-binding domain, but shifts the nu(Fe-CO) of CO-beta1(1-385) from 478 to 491 cm(-1), indicating that YC-1 binds in heme-binding region of sGC. In addition, the CO-bound forms of sGC and beta1(1-385) in the presence of YC-1 lie on the nu(Fe-CO) vs nu(C-O) correlation curve for proximal ligands with imidazole character, which suggests that histidine remains the heme proximal ligand in the presence of YC-1. Interestingly, YC-1 does not shift nu(Fe-CO) for the CO-bound form of H105G(Im), the imidazole-rescued heme ligand mutant of beta1(1-385). The data are consistent with binding of CO and YC-1 to the sGC heme-binding domain leading to conformational changes that give rise to an increase in catalytic turnover and a change in the electrostatic environment of the heme pocket.
Cyanogel Coordination Polymers as Precursors to Transition Metal Alloys and Intermetallics − from Traditional Heating to Microwave Processing (2007)

Cyanogel coordination polymers are amorphous Prussian blue analogues formed in a hydrogel state by the reaction of a chlorometalate with a cyanometalate in aqueous solution. At elevated temperatures, cyanogels thermally autoreduce to form transition-metal alloys. This work demonstrates the general nature of this type of sol−gel processing chemistry to prepare binary and ternary transition-metal alloys (Pd/Co, Pt/Co, Ru/Co, Ir/Co, Pd/Ni, Pt/Ni, Pt/Ru, Pd/Fe, Pd/Fe/Co) and intermetallics (Pt3Fe, Pt3Co, PtCo). Tuning of the composition of the gels and alloys by a variety of methods is demonstrated. The thermal autoreduction can be induced either by convective heating or by microwave irradiation, as microwave dielectric heating of cyanogels leads to a sufficient temperature increase in the sample to cause the reduction of the metal centers.
On the structure of textual and visual dissertations (2011)

This article looks at issues surrounding the academic dissertation within the particular context of the Art and Design school. To begin with, questions of objectivity and authorial voice are examined, suggesting that current practice does little to foster student identity. A discourse framework is then established largely based on the work of Bruner, with exposition and narrative posited as the primary problem-solving modes. This discursive framework is then transposed into the visual domain, where several possible discourse structures are suggested. A case study is offered that highlights the benefits that can be gained from the use of a visual dissertation. In the conclusion we argue for educators to consider these alternative modes of discourse.
Modeling and experimental study of thin bond line thermal interface material failure (2013)

Thermal delivery has become an even tougher a challenge with the increasing levels of integration, which drives the demand for low bond line thicknesses of the thermal interface materials (TIM) in electronic packages. The low elongation property of thin bond line thermal interface in turn leads to significant complications for reliable electronic packaging. Package encapsulation needs to be carefully designed to handle the thermal expansion mismatch driven stress engendered during the bond and assembly (BA) process and in field operation. In this paper, special attention is paid to the material characterization of the thin bond line thermal interface. As the thickness of TIM is comparable to its filler particle size, the mechanical behavior of the TIM cannot be described by the material properties determined with traditional testing techniques using bulk specimens. To fill this gap, testing coupons are built with the dimensions of field application. A testing technique developed for characterizing the TIM will be discussed. The material properties obtained will be implemented into the commercial finite element codes ABAQUS through its cohesive zone model. Thermo-mechanical modeling to predict the propagation of TIM delamination and model verification will be presented. The impact of TIM tearing on other risks associated with electronics encapsulation will be discussed.
A 90nm CMOS single-chip GPS receiver with 5dBm out-of-band IIP3 2.0dB NF (2005)

A single-chip GPS receiver with a low-IF heterodyne RF front-end includes a LNA, image-reject IQ mixers, a passive poly-phase filter, and a fully integrated synthesizer. The IF-strip consists of a jammer-reject filter, a VGA, a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC, and a digital IF-filter. The receiver dissipates 60 mA at 1.4 V and achieves a NF of 2 dB and out-of-band IIP3 of 5 dBm.
Protein Biomarkers in Asthma (2018)

Asthma is a chronic disabling respiratory disease that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens, respiratory infections, psychological factors, occupational agents, exercise, atmospheric pollutants, and drugs. The asthma syndrome has been treated for decades according to a "one-fits-all" treatment strategy based on bronchodilators and steroids. With the availability of new forms of treatment targeting the different pathomechanisms of the asthma syndrome, such as anti-immunoglobulin E and cytokine-targeting therapies, the interest in biomarkers that can dis criminate different forms of asthma according to their pathomechanisms has increased. This review attempts to provide an overview of protein biomarkers in asthma and how they might be used to discriminate different forms of asthma that may respond positively to sophisticated new targeted therapies.
Dynamic mapping of proteome trafficking within and between living cells by TransitID (2023)

The ability to map trafficking for thousands of endogenous proteins at once in living cells would reveal biology currently invisible to both microscopy and mass spectrometry. Here we report TransitID, a method for unbiased mapping of endogenous proteome trafficking with nanometer spatial resolution in living cells. Two proximity labeling (PL) enzymes, TurboID and APEX, are targeted to source and destination compartments, and PL with each enzyme is performed in tandem via sequential addition of their small-molecule substrates. Mass spectrometry identifies the proteins tagged by both enzymes. Using TransitID, we mapped proteome trafficking between cytosol and mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus, and nucleolus and stress granules, uncovering a role for stress granules in protecting the transcription factor JUN from oxidative stress. TransitID also identifies proteins that signal intercellularly between macrophages and cancer cells. TransitID introduces a powerful approach for distinguishing protein populations based on compartment or cell type of origin.
Progress Towards A High-Resolution Retinal Prosthesis (2005)

Simulations of artificial vision suggest that 1000 electrodes may be required to restore vision to individuals with diseases of the outer retina. In order to achieve such an implant, new technology is needed, since the state-of-the-art implantable neural stimulator has at most 22 contacts with neural tissue. Considerable progress has been made towards that goal with the development of image processing, microelectronics, and polymer based electrodes and interconnects. An image processing system has been realized that is capable of real-time implementation of image decimation and filtering (for example, edge detection). Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) have been designed and tested to demonstrate closed loop power control and efficient microstimulation. A novel packaging process has been developed that is capable of simultaneously forming a receiver coil, interconnects, and stimulating electrodes.
Winding Losses in Coreless Axial Flux PM Machines with Wave and Spiral PCB Stator Topologies (2022)

Printed circuit board (PCB) stators in coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines have been proposed, designed and studied for utilization in multiple industries due to their design flexibility and reduction of manufacturing costs, volume, and weight compared to conventional stators. This paper investigated loss mechanisms and multiple methods of approximating winding supplementary losses in PCB stators with example wave and spiral winding topologies for a dual rotor, single stator configuration using 3D FEA models with a 15 hour runtime. The effect of rotor magnet placement, end windings, and active conductor path on eddy current is studied for both topologies. A hybrid FEA/analytical approach is proposed for the approximation of circulating current within layers of a planar PCB conductor using the equivalent circuit model. A coreless AFPM motor prototype is created and its power losses tested using multiple PCB stators with the findings being comparable to hybrid analytical methods results.