gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of substrate bias on the structural and field emission properties of diamond films (2000)

The effect of electron bombardment on modification of the structural property and the surface morphology of diamond films, and consequently the field emission properties have been investigated by introducing positive substrate bias. When increasing the bias voltage, the structural properties of diamond films are significantly deteriorated together with the increase of nondiamond carbon component and the surface morphologies of the films lost their unique facet shape. The reason for the increase of nondiamond carbon content is described in terms of both the increase of substrate temperature and the excessive generation of CHn radicals. The field emission properties of diamond films were substantially improved with increasing bias voltage. Enhancement of field emission property for the films prepared by increasing bias voltage and/or methane concentration has been discussed by correlating between the substrate–diamond interface property and the slope of the Fowler–Nordheim plot.
SPONTANEOUS ACCEPTANCE OF MOUSE RENAL ALLOGRAFT INDUCES PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF DONOR TYPE SKIN GRAFT (2004)

A277 Aims: It has been previously demonstrated that mouse renal allografts are often spontaneously accepted without immunosupression. In contrast, cardiac and skin allografts are invariably rejected. The reason for this is not clear but may be due to 1) low immunogenicity of renal tissue and a subsequent paucity of alloresponse or 2) generation of active tolerogenic mechanisms. Our aim was to elucidate which of these mechanisms may account for the phenomena of spontaneous renal allograft acceptance. Methods: To address this question we transplanted renal followed by skin allografts from BALB/c (H-2d) donors into bilaterally nephrectomised BL/6 (H-2b) recipients to observe whether spontaneous acceptance of kidney allografts would lead to prolonged survival of donor-type skin grafts. Results: Seventeen percent (1/6) of BL/6 recipients spontaneously accepted BALB/c renal allografts indefinitely with a relatively normal blood urea nitrogen of 17.6mmol/l 100 after transplantation. In the reverse strain combination BL/6 to BALB/c, 11% (1/9) of kidney grafts are spontaneously accepted. In the recipient that accepted a BALB/c kidney allograft, a donor type challenge skin graft also enjoyed prolonged survival, while third party BL10.BR (H-2k) skin graft was rejected after 24 days. Conclusions: Spontaneous acceptance of kidney allografts is not due to lack of immunogenicity of the donor organ. An allogeneic kidney allograft has the ability to induce tolerance to itself, and this tolerance is robust enough to allow prolonged survival of donor type skin grafts.
Synergistic Combination of Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and the Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin to Overcome Tumor Multidrug Resistance (2021)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the biggest obstacles in cancer chemotherapy. Here, a remarkable reversal of MDR in breast cancer through the synergistic effects of bioactive hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNs) and doxorubicin (DOX) is shown. DOX loaded HAPNs (DHAPNs) exhibit a 150-fold reduction in IC<sub>50</sub> compared with free DOX for human MDR breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells, and lead to almost complete inhibition of tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects of free DOX. This high efficacy and specificity could be attributed to multiple action mechanisms of HAPNs. In addition to acting as the conventional nanocarriers to facilitate the cellular uptake and retention of DOX in MCF-7/ADR cells, more importantly, drug-free HAPNs themselves are able to prevent drug being pumped out of MDR cells through targeting mitochondria to induce mitochondrial damage and inhibit ATP production and to trigger sustained mitochondrial calcium overload and apoptosis in MDR cancer cells while not affecting normal cells. The results demonstrate that this simple but versatile bioactive nanoparticle provides a practical approach to effectively overcome MDR.
Software Division and Square Root Using Goldschmidt's Algorithms (2004)

Goldschmidt’s Algorithms for division and square root are often characterized as being useful for hardware implementation, and lacking self-correction. A reexamination of these algorithms show that there are good software counterparts that retain the speed advantage of Goldschmidt’s Algorithm over the Newton-Raphson iteration. A final step is needed, however, to get the last bit rounded correctly. Key words: division, square root, Goldschmidt, floating-point 1
Tailored Catalytic Propene Trimerization over Acidic Zeolites with Tubular Pores (2005)

Slim through spatial constraints: A higher content of linear and monobranched propene trimers is obtained with ZSM-22 as catalyst than with many other zeolite catalysts (see picture). This is explained by the constraints imposed by the diameter of the tubular pores of ZSM-22. ZSM-22 also brings an important environmental benefit compared with the presently used industrial catalyst silica-supported phosphoric acid.
745 Streaming Potential of Nerve Tissue under Visco-elastic Deformation (2008)

The purpose of this study is the elucidation of electro-mechanical response of spinal cord tissue. Spinal cord tissue is composed of white matter, gray matter, spinal meninges and water. The tissue has triphasic construction consisting of solid phase, fluid phase and electric reactions. Solid phase contains negative charged proteoglycan which enhance swelling pressure and exerts an influence on the tissue behavior. On the other hand, strain increases fixed charge density relating to electric potential gradient and streaming potential. We conducted the confined compression tests on spinal code specimens cut out from both white matter and gray matter. Ag/AgCl electrodes were used to measure the electric potential change on each specimen deforming in physiological saline. The streaming potential measurements were performed under compression, cyclic loading and ramp/stress-relaxation displacements. The measured potentials were correlated well with strain and stress. In the compression/stress-relaxation test, linear relation was confirmed between the stress and streaming potential with constant value of electrokinetic coefficient ke used in triphasic theory. Streaming potential was detected in each loading condition and the value varied in different tissue.
Frame Synchronization of Coded Modulations in Channels with Uncertainties (2006)

In this paper, the problem of finding the start of a synchronization word in a convolutionally coded data stream over an AWGN channel is posed as a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimation problem and solved with the trellis path search of the log domain BCJR algorithm. The resulting optimal frame synchronizer is found to consist of a correlation term and two data correction terms. The proposed frame synchronizer is extended to coded modulations in time-varying channels. The channel uncertainties are jointly estimated by per- survivor processing as the synchronization proceeds. The proposed frame synchronizer is robust to phase noise at the receiver and shows performance improvement due to coding gain.
Improving efficacy of PD-1 blockade in unresponsive lymphoma tumors with in situ vaccination through induction of a highly efficient cross-presenting dendritic cell subset. (2018)

76 Background: Low-grade non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphomas are generally incurable; preliminary results with anti-PD-1 therapy have yielded low response rates. Tumoral DC infiltration correlates with efficacy of checkpoint blockade and tumor-targeted vaccines represent promising, novel treatment strategies to induce anti-tumor T cells. Methods: A20 lymphoma-bearing mice were treated with a PD-1 blocking antibody with an in situ vaccine (ISV) consisting of intratumoral injections of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L), local irradiation (XRT) of the tumor and intratumoral injections of the TLR3 agonist poly-ICLC (pIC). Results: Untreated lymphoma tumors contained very low numbers of DC and treatment with anti-PD1 alone did not induce tumor regression or increase survival. Flt3L treatment resulted in a dramatic increase of IRF8+TLR3+ DC at the tumor site, the draining lymph node and the spleen. XRT of A20 cells induced activation of Flt3L-treated splenic DC in vitro and local XRT of the tumor in vivo induced expression of CD103 on infiltrating TLR3+ DC. Local XRT also enhanced uptake of dying tumor cells by DC. Interestingly, tumor antigens were taken up mainly by CD103+ DC and not CD103- subtypes. CD103+ expression distinguishes a subset of migratory cross-presenting DC. Accordingly, CD103+ DC isolated from the tumor induced proliferation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells more efficiently than CD103- subsets. The combination of Flt3L with XRT and pIC induced tumor-reactive, IFNg-producing T cells, but delayed tumor growth and improved survival only in 40% of mice. ISV also increased expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and tumor infiltrating DC. Consistently, combination of ISV with PD-1 blockade led to complete tumor regression and increased long-term survival in the majority of mice. PD-1 blockade also increased the number of tumor-reactive T cells and depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated the anti-tumor effect. Conclusions: In situ vaccination can improve efficacy of anti-PD-1 in checkpoint-unresponsive lymphoma tumors through induction of a cross-presenting DC subset leading to long-term regression of established lymphoma tumors.
Superiority of Multilevel Cervical Arthroplasty Outcomes Versus Single-Level Outcomes (2007)

This prospective study of cervical arthroplasty is the first report to date showing significantly improved clinical outcomes for multilevel cervical arthroplasty compared with single-level cervical disc replacement using an FDA validated outcome instrument.
Geometrical isomerism and 13C spectra of the β‐substituted Enones R1C(1)OC(2)HC(3)HR2 (1979)

Abstract The 13 C chemical shifts of the unsaturated carbons were measured in 31 cis and trans pairs of β‐substituted enones R 1 C(1)OC(2)HC(3)HR 2 . In these polarized ethylenes the chemical shifts of the olefinic carbons are simply related by the equation δ c =δ t + A . The steric and electronic effects introduced by the R 1 and R 2 substituents influence the chemical shifts of C‐2 and C‐3 in both isomers. It is shown that the sign and magnitude of the intercept A mainly reflect the π‐charge electronic density changes which arise in the cis isomer and are transmitted via the π‐framework. The effect of the steric interaction on the chemical shift of C‐3 in the cis isomers is postulated to be related to the symmetry of the substituents. Therefore, the differential shielding of C‐3 is indicative of the conformational structure of the cis molecule.
One-step antibacterial modification of polypropylene nonwoven fabrics via oxidation using photo-activated chlorine dioxide radicals (2023)

In the fields of sanitation and medicine, there is an urgent need for the development of convenient methods for imparting antibacterial properties to materials. Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics (PP NWFs) are one of the most common polymer materials; however, it is difficult to impart antibacterial properties to PP NWFs due to their low reactivity and complicated structures. In this study, we discovered that oxidation using photo-activated chlorine dioxide radical (ClO2) gas is a useful method for antibacterial modification of PP NWFs, without the need for any antibacterial agents or multi-step treatments. The as-prepared PP NWFs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive). Interestingly, the solvent used to wash the product was analyzed to reveal the formation of nanoparticles around 80 nm in diameter during the oxidation step, particularly at 80 C.
Impact of HVS models on model-based halftoning (2002)

A model for the human visual system (HVS) is an important component of many halftoning algorithms. Using the iterative direct binary search (DBS) algorithm, we compare the halftone texture quality provided by four different HVS models that have been reported in the literature. Choosing one HVS model as the best for DBS, we then develop an approximation to that model which significantly improves computational performance while minimally increasing the complexity of the code. By varying the parameters of this model, we find that it is possible to tune it to the gray level being rendered, and to thus yield superior halftone quality across the tone scale. We then develop a dual-metric DBS algorithm that effectively provides a tone-dependent HVS model without a large increase in computational complexity.
Cyclic Sequence Generators as Program Counters for High-Speed FPGA-based Processors (2019)

This paper compares the performance of conventional radix-2 program counters with program counters based on Feedback Shift Registers (FSRs), a class of cyclic sequence generator. FSR counters have constant time scaling with bit-width, $N$, whereas FPGA-based radix-2 counters typically have $O(N)$ time-complexity due to the carry-chain. Program counter performance is measured by synthesis of standalone counter circuits, as well as synthesis of three FPGA-based processor designs modified to incorporate FSR program counters. Hybrid counters, combining both an FSR and a radix-2 counter, are presented as a solution to the potential cache-coherency issues of FSR program counters. Results show that high-speed processor designs benefit more from FSR program counters, allowing both greater operating frequency and the use of fewer logic resources.
Spatio‐energetic cross‐talk in photon counting detectors: Numerical detector model (PcTK) and workflow for CT image quality assessment (2018)

We have developed a new PCD model for spatio-energetic cross-talk and correlation between PCD pixels. The workflow demonstrated the utility of the model for general or task-specific image quality assessments for the PCD- CT.Note: The program (Pc TK) and the workflow scripts have been made available to academic researchers. Interested readers should visit the website (pctk.jhu.edu) or contact the corresponding author.
Development of new hole-transporting amorphous molecular materials for organic electroluminescent devices and their charge-transport properties (2001)

New hole-transporting amorphous molecular materials with high glass-transition temperatures for organic electroluminescent devices have been developed and their charge-transport properties investigated. They comprise 4,4',4'-tris[biphenyl-2-yl-(phenyl) amino]triphenylamine, 4,4'4'-tris[biphenyl-3-yl- (phenyl)amino]triphenylamine, and 4,4'4'-tris- [biphenyl-4-yl-(3-methylphenyl)amino]triphenylamine, 4,4'4'-tris[9,9-dimethyl-2- fluorenyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine, N,N'-di(biphenyl- 2-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-di(biphenyl-3-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]- 4,4'-diamine, N,N'-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'- biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-bis(9,9-dimethyl-2- fluorenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine, and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(9,9-dimethyl-2-fluorenyl)-[1,1'- biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine. Hole drift mobilities of these materials were determined by the time-of-flight method, and the electric field and temperature dependencies of drift mobility were analyzed in terms of the disorder formalism.
Antibiotic-induced gut metabolome and microbiome alterations increase the susceptibility to Candida albicans colonization in the gastrointestinal tract (2019)

ABSTRACT Antibiotic-induced alterations in the gut ecosystem increases the susceptibility to Candida albicans, yet the mechanisms involved remains poorly understood. Here we show that mice treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefoperazone promoted the growth, morphogenesis and gastrointestinal (GI) colonization of C. albicans. Using metabolomics, we revealed that the cecal metabolic environment of the mice treated with cefoperazone showed a significant alteration in intestinal metabolites. Levels of carbohydrates, sugar alcohols and primary bile acids increased, whereas carboxylic acids and secondary bile acids decreased in antibiotic treated mice susceptible to C. albicans. Furthermore, using in-vitro assays, we confirmed that carbohydrates, sugar alcohols and primary bile acids promote, whereas carboxylic acids and secondary bile acids inhibit the growth and morphogenesis of C. albicans. In addition, in this study we report changes in the levels of gut metabolites correlated with shifts in the gut microbiota. Taken together, our in-vivo and in-vitro results indicate that cefoperazone-induced metabolome and microbiome alterations favor the growth and morphogenesis of C. albicans, and potentially play an important role in the GI colonization of C. albicans.
3D beamforming for capacity boosting in LTE-advanced system (2015)

LTE-Advanced system has been deployed with 2 and 4 transmission antennas (Tx) while the specification supports up to 8Tx. Due to deployment space, antenna dimension and complexity, operators have not been interested in the deployment of 8Tx systems. Recently, three dimensional (3D) beamforming using 2D active antenna array has attracted significant attention in the wireless industry. By incorporating 2D active array into LTE-A systems, the system offers freedom in controlling radiation on elevation and horizontal dimension. In addition, 2D array antenna increases the number of antennas without exceeding form-factor where the conventional antennas are deployed. When the number of antennas increases in the form of 2D arrangement, spatial separation can be realized simultaneously in horizontal and elevation domain and vertical beam-steering can increase SINR of UEs in high floors. In this paper, we study the system operations and implementations for supporting 3D beamforming with 8Tx antennas. In our schemes, by reusing the conventional CSI feedback framework, the system can operate 2D active array without harming the backward compatibility. Evaluation results show that 3D beamforming provides capacity boosting over the conventional 2D beamforming systems while keeping same antenna structure.
The Impacts of Pd in BEA Zeolite on Decreasing Cold-Start NMOG Emission of an E85 Fuel Vehicle (2018)

&lt;div&gt;In the development of hydrocarbon (HC) traps for E85 fuel vehicle emission control, the addition of palladium (Pd) to BEA zeolite was studied for trapping and decreasing cold-start ethanol emissions. BEA zeolite after a laboratory aging at 750°C for 25 hours released nearly all of the trapped ethanol as unconverted ethanol at low temperature, and some ethene was released at a higher temperature by a dehydration reaction. The addition of Pd to BEA zeolite showed a decrease in the release of unconverted ethanol emissions even after the lab aging. The release of methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), acetaldehyde (CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CHO), carbon monoxide (CO), and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from Pd-BEA zeolite during desorption (temperature programmed desorption (TPD)) demonstrated that multiple ethanol reaction mechanisms were involved including dehydrogenation and decomposition reactions. The amount of Pd loading in BEA zeolite showed a diminished benefit toward eliminating unconverted ethanol release as the Pd loading increased above 0.2 wt% zeolite. Vehicle emission (with E85 fuel) test results also confirmed the benefits of Pd in zeolite in reducing cold-start non-methane organic gas (NMOG) emissions.&lt;/div&gt;
Persona: a high-performance bioinformatics framework (2017)

Next-generation genome sequencing technology has reached a point at which it is becoming cost-effective to sequence all patients. Biobanks and researchers are faced with an oncoming deluge of genomic data, whose processing requires new and scalable bioinformatics architectures and systems. Processing raw genetic sequence data is computationally expensive and datasets are large. Current software systems can require many hours to process a single genome and generally run only on a single computer. Common file formats are monolithic and row-oriented, a barrier to distributed computation. To address these challenges, we built Persona, a cluster-scale, high-throughput bioinformatics framework. Persona currently supports paired-read alignment, sorting, and duplicate marking using well-known algorithms and techniques. Persona can significantly reduce end-to-end processing times for bioinformatics computations. A new Aggregate Genomic Data (AGD) format unifies sample data and analysis results, while enabling efficient distributed computation and I/O. In a case study on sequence alignment, Persona sustains 1.353 gigabases aligned per second with 101 base pair reads on a 32-node cluster and can align a full genome in ~16.7 seconds using the SNAP algorithm. Our results demonstrate that: (1) alignment computation with Persona scales linearly across servers with no measurable completion-time imbalance and negligible framework overheads; (2) on a single server, sorting with Persona and AGD is up to 2.3Ã faster than commonly used tools, while duplicate marking is 3Ã faster; (3) with AGD, a 7 node COTS network storage system can service up to 60 alignment compute nodes; (4) server cost dominates for a balanced system running Persona, while long-term data storage dwarfs the cost of computation.
Nanohybrid silica/polymer aerogels: The combined influence of polymer nanoparticle size and content (2020)

Nanohybrid silica/polymer aerogel monoliths were produced by the soft sol-gel process and dried at ambient pressure. The hybrid alcogels were prepared by a two-step acid/basic catalyzed co-hydrolysis/co-condensation of a silica precursor (tetraethoxysilane) and cross-linked poly(butyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) nanoparticles with core and core-shell morphologies, both containing trimethoxysilyl-functionalized poly(butyl methacrylate) groups. Polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) with average diameters ranging from 32 to 132 nm, in contents from 1 to 9 wt%, were used. The PNPs act as nucleation sites for the silica network, which grows with similar structure to the purely inorganic one, although more hydrophobic and thus stable under atmospheric conditions. The macropore and mesopore morphologies of the nanohybrid materials are significantly modified by the presence of the PNPs. The effects of PNP size and content on the hybrid aerogels properties are not independent: for each PNP dimension, there is a particular content that results in a minimum value of apparent density, maximum porosity and larger mesopore dimensions. This content corresponds to the critical aggregation concentration of the PNPs, which depends on the particles' size.