gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spray-Dried Iron Fischer−Tropsch Catalysts. 2. Effect of Carburization on Catalyst Attrition Resistance (2001)

Spray drying has been recently used by this research team in the preparation of Fe Fischer−Tropsch catalysts with higher attrition resistance for use in slurry bubble column reactors. In the first paper in this series, the effects of the type, concentration, and network structure of SiO2 on the attrition resistance of two series of spray-dried Fe catalysts in their calcined state were explored and the dependence of catalyst attrition resistance on catalyst particle density was discussed. As a continuation of our previous effort, the effect of carburization on catalyst attrition resistance was studied and is presented in this paper. After carburization, the majority component of the catalysts, hematite (Fe2O3), was converted to iron carbides, mostly χ-carbide (Fe2C5). Breakage of individual catalyst particles and fines formation, which can be considered as evidence of chemical attrition, was only observed during carburization of the catalyst with low SiO2 concentration <9 wt %. With an increase in the total concentration of SiO2, such chemical attrition during the Fe phase change appeared to be eliminated or negligible except for the breakup of large agglomerates during carburization. There were, generally, significant decreases in the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface areas and average particle sizes of the catalysts upon carburization. Surprisingly, carburization of these Fe catalysts did not weaken the particle structures with regards to physical attrition. In fact, depending on catalyst composition, the overall attrition resistances of the carburized catalysts measured using a jet cup system were similar to or better than those of the same catalysts in their calcined form. However, any seeming improvement in attrition resistance is suggested to be related mainly to the increase in catalyst particle density (related to catalyst inner structure) after carburization.
1533 Development of Strength Evaluation Technology for Impellers Produced by Laser Slot-welding (2008)

We developed a new strength evaluation technique applicable to impellers manufactured using a new laser slot-welding process. The welding process uses laser light to join blades to a shroud. In this process, first, slots are formed by machining on the shroud. Then, blades are welded to the opposite side of the shroud by the laser beam coming through those slots. Finally, the slots are filled with powder of the same material, welded, and closed. We experimentally examined the strength of the welded parts and found their strength was almost equal to that of the base material. During this welding process, fillet welds are formed between the blades and the shroud. We then focused on finding an effective method to evaluate their fatigue strength. After theoretical and experimental consideration, we reached the conclusion that total strain calculated using elastic and elastic-plastic stress analysis is suitable for evaluating the fatigue strength of a stress concentration region produced by the laser-welding process.
Targeted ablation of epicardial ganglionated plexi during cardiac surgery with pulsed field electroporation (NEURAL AF) (2023)

Clinical trial registration: NCT04775264.
Effects of Cathodic Platinum Loadings and Organic Substrate Concentrations on the Performance of Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells Fed with Raw Wastewater (2013)

Single electrode kinetics was investigated in a membrane-less single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) fed with raw wastewater. Anode kinetics was studied to better understand mass transport diffusion limitations without the addition of readily degradable organic substrates. Cathode electrode kinetics was investigated with varying platinum (Pt) loading. Even though higher Pt loading resulted in better cathode performance, a reduction of Pt loadings by two orders of magnitude did not significantly lower performance. The cathode performance decreased substantially over time especially for low currents due to the depletion of oxygen on the cathode surface. This study showed that the anode kinetics rather than cathode kinetics limited the overall performance of SCMFCs at low organics concentrations.
Speed-of-light limitations in passive linear media (2014)

We prove that well-known speed of light restrictions on electromagnetic energy velocity can be extended to a new level of generality, encompassing even nonlocal chiral media in periodic geometries, while at the same time weakening the underlying assumptions to only passivity and linearity of the medium (either with a transparency window or with dissipation). As was also shown by other authors under more limiting assumptions, passivity alone is sufficient to guarantee causality and positivity of the energy density (with no thermodynamic assumptions). Our proof is general enough to include a very broad range of material properties, including anisotropy, bianisotropy (chirality), nonlocality, dispersion, periodicity, and even delta functions or similar generalized functions. We also show that the "dynamical energy density" used by some previous authors in dissipative media reduces to the standard Brillouin formula for dispersive energy density in a transparency window. The results in this paper are proved by exploiting deep results from linear-response theory, harmonic analysis, and functional analysis that had previously not been brought together in the context of electrodynamics.
Stereo vision and navigation in buildings for mobile robots (1989)

A mobile robot that autonomously functions in a complex and previously unknown indoor environment has been developed. The omnidirectional mobile robot uses stereo vision, odometry, and contact bumpers to instantiate a symbolic world model. Finding stereo correspondences across a single epipolar line is adequate for instantiating the model. Uncertainty in sensor data is represented by a multivariate normal distribution, and uncertainty models for motion and stereo are presented. Uncertainty is reduced by extended Kalman filtering. To execute a high-level command such as 'Enter the second door on the left', a model is instantiated from sensing and motions are planned and executed. Experimental results from the fast, running system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Laser terahertz emission microscopy with near-field probes (2016)

Using an AFM, an optical near-field image at 800 nm of a dipole antenna for THz emission is measured, and by simultaneously collecting the emitted THz radiation, the laser light confined under the AFM probe gives a THz emission resolution of less than 50 nm.
Abstract 5435: A bioluminescent assay for measuring glucose uptake (2015)

Abstract Glucose management is a key biological process. In adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, decreased rates of glucose uptake commonly associated with diabetes mellitus lead to chronic hyperglycemia and a wide array of physiological damage. In contrast, the overexpression of glucose transporters in cancer cells results in increased rates of glucose uptake to support their high rates of proliferation. Thus, activators and inhibitors of glucose uptake are useful for both diabetes management and anticancer therapies. The standard method of assaying glucose uptake involves addition of a radioactive glucose analog (2-deoxyglucose) and measurement of the accumulation of the stable and impermeable phosphorylated derivative, 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2DG6P). However, radioactive assays are laborious, costly, and require special handling of radioactive materials and waste. A simpler assay can be made by measuring the production of NADPH through the oxidation of 2DG6P by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. We have developed a bioluminescent glucose uptake assay that is both rapid and convenient and exhibits a larger signal window than comparable fluorescent or colorimetric approaches. The utility of this assay will be demonstrated with both cancer cells and insulin-sensitive 3T3L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes. Citation Format: Michael P. Valley, Mary Sobol, Jolanta Vidugiriene, James J. Cali. A bioluminescent assay for measuring glucose uptake. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5435. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5435
Hydrolysis of Epithelial Junctional Proteins byPorphyromonas gingivalisGingipains (2002)

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as an etiologic agent of adult periodontitis. We have previously shown that P. gingivalis can degrade the epithelial cell-cell junction complexes, thus suggesting that this bacterium can invade the underlying connective tissues via a paracellular pathway. However, the precise mechanism(s) involved in this process has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine if the arginine- and lysine-specific gingipains of P. gingivalis (i.e., HRgpA and RgpB, and Kgp, respectively) were responsible for the degradation of E-cadherin, the cell-cell adhesion protein in the adherens junctions. In addition, we compared the degradative abilities of the whole gingipains HRgpA and Kgp to those of their catalytic domains alone. In these studies, immunoprecipitated E-cadherin as well as monolayers of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell cultures were incubated with the gingipains and hydrolysis of E-cadherin was assessed by Western blot analysis. Incubation of P. gingivalis cells with immunoprecipitated E-cadherin resulted in degradation, whereas prior exposure of P. gingivalis cells to leupeptin and especially acetyl-Leu-Val-Lys-aldehyde (which are arginine- and lysine-specific inhibitors, respectively) reduced this activity. Furthermore, incubation of E-cadherin immunoprecipitates with the different gingipains resulted in an effective and similar hydrolysis of the protein. However, when monolayers of MDCK cells were exposed to the gingipains, Kgp was most effective in hydrolyzing the E-cadherin molecules in the adherens junction. Kgp was more effective than its catalytic domain in degrading E-cadherin at 500 nM but not at a lower concentration (250 nM). These results suggest that the hemagglutinin domain of Kgp plays a role in degradation and that there is a critical threshold concentration for this activity. Taken together, these results provide evidence that the gingipains, especially Kgp, are involved in the degradation of the adherens junction of epithelial cells, which may be important in the invasion of periodontal connective tissue by P. gingivalis.
Measurement of the production cross-section of ψ(2S) → J/ψ(→μ + μ − )π + π − in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV at ATLAS (2014)

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for (2S) mesons are measured using 2.1 fb -1 of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The measurement exploits the (2S) J/( + -) + -decay mode, and probes (2S) mesons with transverse momenta in the range 10 p T < 100 GeV and rapidity |y| < 2.0. The results are compared to other measurements of (2S) production at the LHC and to various theoretical models for prompt and non-prompt quarkonium production.
N-Bromo-dimethylhydantoin Polystyrene Resin for Water Microbial Decontamination (2015)

N-bromo-dimethylhydantoin polystyrene beads were synthesized and tested as antimicrobial agents for water microbial decontamination. Optimization of synthetic process was thoroughly investigated, including solvents used, ratio of reactants and reaction conditions, kilogram scale production, and detailed spectral analysis. The microbial inactivation efficiency was studied according to the NSF-231 Guide Standard and Protocol for Testing Microbiological Water Purifiers against Escherichia coli and MS2 phage. The tested resins maintained their activity for 550 L. Thus, N-bromo-dimethylhydantoin-polystyrene beads synthesized under optimized conditions at kilogram quantities have a potential use in water purification filters.
Monolithic Integration of Si3N4 Ring Resonator and On-Chip Fourier Transform Spectrometer for The Lab-On-A-Chip Biosensor (2022)

We demonstrated the monolithically integrated biosensor with micro-ring-resonator (MRR) and spatial-heterodyne Fourier-transform-spectrometer (SH-FTS) on Si 3 N 4 -on-SiO 2 , substituting the external optical spectrum analyzer. The spectrum is retrieved from SH-FTS with the bulk sensitivity of 42.9 nm/RIU.
The outcome of full-intensity and reduced-intensity conditioning matched sibling or unrelated donor transplantation in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first and second complete remission (2010)

We examined the efficacy of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and compared outcomes of 93 patients older than 16 years after RIC with 1428 patients receiving full-intensity conditioning for allografts using sibling and unrelated donors for Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first or second complete remission. RIC conditioning included busulfan 9 mg/kg or less (27), melphalan 150 mg/m(2) or less (23), low-dose total body irradiation (TBI; 36), and others (7). The RIC group was older (median 45 vs 28 years, P < .001) and more received peripheral blood grafts (73% vs 43%, P < .001) but had similar other prognostic factors. The RIC versus full-intensity conditioning groups had slightly, but not significantly, less acute grade II-IV graft-versus-host disease (39% vs 46%) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (34% vs 42%), yet similar transplantation-related mortality. RIC led to slightly more relapse (35% vs 26%, P = .08) yet similar age-adjusted survival (38% vs 43%, P = .39). Multivariate analysis showed that conditioning intensity did not affect transplantation-related mortality (P = .92) or relapse risk (P = .14). Multivariate analysis demonstrated significantly improved overall survival with: Karnofsky performance status more than 80, first complete remission, lower white blood count, well-matched unrelated or sibling donors, transplantation since 2001, age younger than 30 years, and conditioning with TBI, but no independent impact of conditioning intensity. RIC merits further investigation in prospective trials of adult ALL.
Locally Restorable Routing of Highly Variable Traffic (2009)

Two-phase routing, where traffic is first distributed to intermediate nodes before being routed to the final destination, has been recently proposed for handling widely fluctuating traffic without the need to adapt network routing to changing traffic. Preconfiguring the network in a traffic independent manner using two-phase routing simplifies network operation considerably. In this paper, we extend this routing scheme by providing resiliency against link failures through fast restoration along link backup detours. We view this as important progress towards adding carrier-class reliability to the robustness of the scheme so as to facilitate its future deployment in Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. On the theoretical side, the main contribution of the paper is the development of linear programming based and fast combinatorial algorithms for two-phase routing with link restoration so as to minimize the maximum utilization of any link in the network, or equivalently, maximize the throughput. The algorithms developed are fully polynomial time approximation schemes (FPTAS)-for any given isin > 0, an FPTAS guarantees a solution that is within a (1 + isin)-factor of the optimum and runs in time polynomial in the input size and 1/isin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the literature that considers making the scheme resilient to link failures through preprovisioned fast restoration mechanisms. We evaluate the performance of link restoration (in terms of throughput) and compare it with that of unprotected routing. For our experiments, we use actual ISP network topologies collected for the Rocketfuel project and three research network topologies.
Theoretical Approach to Resolution Limit Calculations in Optical Microscopy with the use of Feynman Diagrams (2018)

By means of double-sided Feynman diagrams describing optical processes, we formulate the calculation rules of the resolution limits for all types of optical microscopy that employ linear, nonlinear, coherent, and incoherent optical processes.
Fuel Cell Power for Passenger Cars - What Barriers Remain? (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Fuel cell power for cars appears to be the most promising alternative power-train technology. It is not alone in being touted as a likely successor to the diesel or gasoline fuelled internal combustion engine (ICE). What makes a significant difference is the extent of support that has been recently offered by vehicle manufacturers from their own research and development budgets. In spite of investment and strong interest to get fuel cell powered vehicles into the market there remain a series of question marks over the concept of fuel cell powered cars. Some concern technology - can fuel cells deliver an efficiency which meets performance criteria? Others are social and concerned with the acceptability of the car to the buying public and its green credentials. While the technical issues are the subject of a number of development programs, the other issues lie in the domain of marketing and the forming of public opinion.&lt;/div&gt;
Controlling Particle Size and Luminescence in Mn4+ Activated K2SiF6 (2015)

Narrow red emitters have attracted large attention within white LED and backlit display world over the past few years. This is partially due to renewed interest in red emitting phosphor, K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ (PFS). Though, the material is known in literature for more than two decades, its application in white LEDs and display devices can be realized only after some of the key issues in the synthesis of these materials are addressed. In this paper, we discuss synthesis, controlling particle size and luminescence properties of Mn4+ doped K 2 SiF 6 . Manganese doped Potassium hexafluorosilicate exists in cubic crystal structure with narrow PL emission with a main peak at 631nm with a FWHM of 2nm. Based on the type of application within display or general lighting, the particle size requirement for PFS varies. We have studied various parameters that can influence particle growth during synthesis in order to obtain PFS of desirable particle size. In the current study we have used variety of anti-solvents (solvents that do not dissolve K 2 SiF 6 ), including isopropyl alchohol(IPA), acetic acid, Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetone, ethanol etc., to initiate crystallization. By controlling quantity of anti-solvents and process of addition, we have shown better control on particle size distribution. Further, in this study we also discuss on influence of anti-solvents on luminescence properties and yield of PFS obtained.
Observation of dynamic subdomains in red blood cells (2006)

We quantify the nanoscale structure and low-frequency dynamics associated with live red blood cells. The membrane displacements are measured using quantitative phase images provided by Fourier phase microscopy, with an average path-length stability of 0.75 nm over 45 min. The results reveal the existence of dynamic, independent subdomains across the cells that fluctuate at various dominant frequencies.
Experimental investigation of the relation between measurement uncertainties and non-local quantum correlations (2021)

Bell's inequalities are defined by sums of correlations involving non-commuting observables in each of the two systems. Violations of Bell's inequalities are only possible because the precision of any joint measurement of these observables will be limited by quantum mechanical uncertainty relations. In this paper we explore the relation between the local measurement uncertainties and the magnitude of the correlations by preparing polarization entangled photon pairs and performing joint measurements of non-commuting polarization components at different uncertainty trade-offs. The change in measurement visibility reveals the existence of a non-trivial balance between the measurement uncertainties where the probabilities of a specific pair of measurement outcomes approaches zero because of the particular combination of enhancement and suppression of the experimentally observed correlations. The occurrence of these high-contrast results shows that the quantum correlations between the photons are close to their maximal value, confirming that the Cirel'son bound of Bell's inequality violations is defined by the minimal uncertainties that limit the precision of joint measurements.
A new reduced-complexity adaptive PSP-MLSE receiver for GSM/EDGE systems (2002)

A new adaptive reduced-complexity MLSE receiver based on per-survivor processing (PSP-MLSE) and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for GSM/EDGE system with 8PSK modulation is proposed. The initial channel impulse response (CIR) is estimated by the LS algorithm with a mid-amble and updated by the LMS algorithm during data transmission. The proposed scheme handles the first part of the sampled CIR by the PSP-MLSE and the rest by the DFE for complexity reduction. Instead of the conventional global DFE (decision per sample), the local DFE (decision per state/survivor) is suggested to reduce error propagation. A good tradeoff between performance and complexity, by retaining the PSP-MLSE for good performance and using the local DFE for intersymbol interference cancellation, is obtained. Computer simulations indicate that the PSP-MLSE with the local DFE is clearly superior to that with the global DFE, especially in severe ISI channels.
Legends for supplemental Figure 1 and 2 from The Tyrosine Kinase Adaptor Protein FRS2 Is Oncogenic and Amplified in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for supplemental Figure 1 and 2&lt;/p&gt;
PMU placement considerations &#x2014; A roadmap for optimal PMU placement (2011)

Recent investments in the Synchrophasor technology have energized the industry and a significant number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are being deployed. By some estimates, just in North America, the number of PMU installations is expected to grow five-fold-from approximately 200 today to over a 1000. The first step in PMU deployment is a clear roadmap of the process for selecting the location of the additional PMU devices and establishing guidelines to assist with this decision-making process. Many of the existing optimal PMU placement approaches are mainly focused on a particular application (such as improving State Estimation). This paper proposes a more comprehensive, holistic set of criteria for optimizing PMU placement based on sound practical solutions by experienced industry practitioners. The methodology offers the flexibility for considering multiple, diverse factors that can influence the PMU siting decision-making process, including incorporating several practical implementation aspects (e.g. communications infrastructure, prohibitive deployment cost, etc). Application needs, reliability requirements, and infrastructure challenges that drive the overall solution for optimal PMU location selection are formulated and described.