gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional integration enables ultra-low-noise, isolator-free Si photonics (2023)

While photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are being widely used in applications such as telecommunications and datacenter interconnects, PICs capable of replacing bulk optics and fibers in high-precision, highly-coherent applications will require ultra-low-noise laser sources to be integrated with other photonic components in a compact and robustly aligned format -- that is, on a single chip. Such PICs could offer superior scalability for complex functionalities and volume production, as well as improved stability and reliability over time. However, there are two major issues preventing the realization of such envisioned PICs: the high phase noise of semiconductor lasers, and the difficulty of integrating optical isolators directly on chip. PICs are still considered as inferior solutions in optical systems such as microwave synthesizers, optical gyroscopes and atomic clocks, despite their advantages in size, weight, power consumption and cost (SWaPC). Here, we challenge this convention by introducing three-dimensional (3D) integration in silicon photonics that results in ultra-low-noise, isolator-free PICs. Through multiple monolithic and heterogeneous processing sequences, direct on-chip integration of III-V gain and ultra-low-loss (ULL) silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides with optical loss around 0.5 dB/m are demonstrated. Consequently, the demonstrated PIC enters a new regime, such that an integrated ultra-high-Q cavity reduces the laser noise close to that of fiber lasers. Moreover, the cavity acts as an effective block for any downstream on-chip or off-chip reflection-induced destabilization, thus eliminating the need for optical isolators. We further showcase isolator-free, widely-tunable, low-noise, heterodyne microwave generation using two ultra-low-noise lasers on the same silicon chip.
The New EasyLiving Project at Microsoft Research (1998)

EasyLiving is a new project in intelligent environments at Microsoft Research. We are working to make computing more accessible and more pervasive than today’s desktop computer. More specifically, our goal is to develop a prototype architecture and technologies for building intelligent environments that facilitate the unencumbered interaction of people with other people, with computers, and with devices. This paper describes our goals, design decisions, and applications of EasyLiving. 1. What Is Next in PCs? Software developers have had a long time to exploit the capabilities of the PC. While new applications for stand-alone PCs are still coming, it is primarily new connected devices that generate new applications and new markets. For instance, inexpensive color printers spawned desktop publishing for the consumer. Digital cameras are creating consumer demand for photo editing software. The World Wide Web (essentially a way of connecting other computers to your own) is giving us unprecedented access to information and a new reason to own a computer. We are looking at the physical home and work environments as the next things to connect to a PC. Not only will this encourage new applications, it may allow more natural interaction with computers, reducing the barriers of inconvenience that prevent computers from being used for more everyday tasks.
Ultrathin Film Encapsulation of an OLED by ALD (2005)

Fabrication of barrier layers on a PES film and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on a glass substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been carried out. Deposition of 30 nm of film on both sides of PES film at 90°C gave film MOCON value of The passivation performance of the double layer consisting of deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and by ALD on the OLED has been investigated using the OLED based on a glass substrate. Preliminary life time of two pairs of double layer coated OLED to 65% of initial luminance was 600 h at the initial luminance of © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Comparing Laser Welding Technologies with Friction Stir Welding for Production of Aluminum Tailor-Welded Blanks (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A comparison of welding techniques was performed to determine the most effective method for producing aluminum tailor-welded blanks for high volume automotive applications. Aluminum sheet was joined with an emphasis on post weld formability, surface quality and weld speed. Comparative results from several laser based welding techniques along with friction stir welding are presented. The results of this study demonstrate a quantitative comparison of weld methodologies in preparing tailor-welded aluminum stampings for high volume production in the automotive industry. Evaluation of nearly a dozen welding variations ultimately led to down selecting a single process based on post-weld quality and performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A zerotree wavelet video coder (1997)

This paper describes a hybrid motion-compensated wavelet transform coder designed for encoding video at very low bit rates. The coder and its components have been submitted to MPEG-4 to support the functionalities of compression efficiency and scalability. Novel features of this coder are the use of overlapping block motion compensation in combination with a discrete wavelet transform followed by adaptive quantization and zerotree entropy coding, plus rate control. The coder outperforms the VM of MPEG-4 for coding of I-frames and matches the performance of the VM for P-frames while providing a path to spatial scalability, object scalability, and bitstream scalability.
Forensic analysis of packet losses in wireless networks (2012)

Due to the lossy nature of wireless links, it is difficult to determine if packet losses are due to wireless-induced effects or from malicious discarding. Many prior efforts on detecting malicious packet drops rely on evidence collected via passive monitoring by neighbor nodes; however, they do not analyze the cause of packet losses. In this paper, we ask: (a) Given certain macroscopic parameters of the network (like traffic intensity and node density) what is the likelihood that evidence exists with respect to a transmission? and, (b) How can these parameters be used to perform a forensic analysis of the reason for the losses? Towards answering the above questions, we first build an analytical framework that computes the likelihood that evidence (we call this transmission evidence or TE for short) exists with respect to transmissions, in terms of a set of network parameters. We validate our analytical framework via both simulations as well as real-world experiments on two different wireless testbeds. The analytical framework is then used as a basis for a protocol within a forensic analyzer to assess the cause of packet losses and determine the likelihood of forwarding misbehaviors. Through simulations, we find that our assessments are close to the ground truth in all examined cases, with an average deviation of 2.3% from the ground truth and a worst case deviation of 15.0%.
Correction: Corrigendum: Streptococcus agalactiae clones infecting humans were selected and fixed through the extensive use of tetracycline (2015)

Nature Communications 5: Article number:4544 (2014); Published 4 Aug 2014; Updated 28 Jan 2015 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the DEVANI Consortium, Lucilla Baldassarri, which was incorrectly given as Lucilia Baldassari. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Développement économique et territoires (1994)

Presentation de l'ouvrage de Georges Benko et Alain Lipiez (dir.), « Les regions qui gagnent, Districts et reseaux : les nouveaux paradigmes de la geographie economique », qui tente de donner un apercu du debat international concernant l'evolution de l'economie fin de siecle, et plus particulierement des modifications spatiales du tissu productif . L'A. souligne l'interet de ce livre pour le sociologue, du fait qu'il traite des formes de regulations sociales et politiques de ces territoires, des organisations et des effets de ces regulations sur le developpement economique.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Boropeptide Thrombin Inhibitors: β,β‐Dialkylphenethylglycine P2 Analogues of DuP 714 with Greater Selectivity over Complement Factor I and an Improved Safety Profile. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018)

A large proportion of biomedical research and the development of therapeutics is focused on a small fraction of the human genome. In a strategic effort to map the knowledge gaps around proteins encoded by the human genome and to promote the exploration of currently understudied, but potentially druggable, proteins, the US National Institutes of Health launched the Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) initiative in 2014. In this article, we discuss how the systematic collection and processing of a wide array of genomic, proteomic, chemical and disease-related resource data by the IDG Knowledge Management Center have enabled the development of evidence-based criteria for tracking the target development level (TDL) of human proteins, which indicates a substantial knowledge deficit for approximately one out of three proteins in the human proteome. We then present spotlights on the TDL categories as well as key drug target classes, including G protein-coupled receptors, protein kinases and ion channels, which illustrate the nature of the unexplored opportunities for biomedical research and therapeutic development.
Angiogenic Factor and Cytokine Analysis among Patients Treated with Adjuvant VEGFR TKIs in Resected Renal Cell Carcinoma (2019)

Among patients treated with adjuvant VEGFR TKIs for RCC, drug-host interactions mediate changes in circulating cytokines. Elevated baseline CXCL10 was associated with worse DFS. Studies to understand functional consequences of these changes are under way.
Students Who Demonstrate Strong Talent and Interest in STEM Are Initially Attracted to STEM through Extracurricular Experiences (2014)

What early experiences attract students to pursue an education and career in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)? Does hands-on research influence them to persevere and complete a major course of academic study in STEM? We evaluated survey responses from 149 high school and undergraduate students who gained hands-on research experience in the 2007-2013 Aspiring Scientists Summer Internship Programs (ASSIP) at George Mason University. Participants demonstrated their strong interest in STEM by volunteering to participate in ASSIP and completing 300 h of summer research. The survey queried extracurricular experiences, classroom factors, and hands-on projects that first cultivated students' interest in the STEM fields, and separately evaluated experiences that sustained their interest in pursuing a STEM degree. The majority of students (65.5%, p < 0.0001) reported extracurricular encounters, such as the influence of a relative or family member and childhood experiences, as the most significant factors that initially ignited their interest in STEM, while hands-on lab work was stated as sustaining their interest in STEM (92.6%). Based on these findings collected from a cohort of students who demonstrated a strong talent and interest in STEM, community-based programs that create awareness about STEM for both children and their family members may be key components for igniting long-term academic interest in STEM.
Genetic mapping of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) resistance genes in six Canadian spring wheat cultivars (2023)

The Canada Western Red Spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars AAC Concord, AAC Prevail, CDC Hughes, Lillian, Glenlea, and elite line BW961 express a spectrum of resistance to leaf rust caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i> Eriks. This study aimed to identify and map the leaf rust resistance of the cultivars using three doubled haploid populations, AAC Prevail/BW961 (PB), CDC Hughes/AAC Concord (HC), and Lillian/Glenlea (LG). The populations were evaluated for seedling resistance in the greenhouse and adult plant disease response in the field at Morden, MB for 3 years and genotyped with the 90K wheat Infinium iSelect SNP array. Genetic maps were constructed to perform QTL analysis on the seedling and field leaf rust data. A total of three field leaf rust resistance QTL segregated in the PB population, five in the HC, and six in the LG population. In the PB population, BW961 contributed two QTL on chromosomes 2DS and 7DS, and AAC Prevail contributed a QTL on 4AL consistent across trials. Of the five QTL in HC, AAC Concord contributed two QTL on 4AL and 7AL consistent across trials and a QTL on 3DL.1 that provided seedling resistance only. CDC Hughes contributed two QTL on 1DS and 3DL.2. Lillian contributed four QTL significant in at least two of the three trials on 2BS, 4AL, 5AL, and 7AL, and Glenlea two QTL on 4BL and 7BL. The 1DS QTL from CDC Hughes, the 2DS from BW961, the 4AL from the AAC Prevail, AAC Concord, and Lillian, and the 7AL from AAC Concord and Lillian conferred seedling leaf rust resistance. The QTL on 4AL corresponded with <i>Lr30</i> and was the same across cultivars AAC Prevail, AAC Concord, and Lillian, whereas the 7AL corresponding with <i>LrCen</i> was coincident between AAC Concord and Lillian. The 7DS and 2DS QTL in BW961 corresponded with <i>Lr34</i> and <i>Lr2a</i>, respectively, and the 1DS QTL in CDC Hughes with <i>Lr21</i>. The QTL identified on 5AL could represent a novel gene. The results of this study will widen our knowledge of leaf rust resistance genes in Canadian wheat and their utilization in resistance breeding.
Design of a model‐based feedback controller for active sorting and synchronization of droplets in a microfluidic loop (2011)

Abstract The transport of confined droplets in fluidic networks can lead to complex spatiotemporal dynamics, precluding full control of the position of droplets in the network. Here, we report the design of a model‐based feedback controller that can actively regulate droplet positions in a network. We specifically consider droplet dynamics in a microfluidic loop where a main channel splits into two and recombines. Consistent with previous studies, we find that without active control, the dynamics of droplets in the loop can range from periodic to chaotic behaviors. However, by implementing the model‐based feedback controller, we show that the droplets can be made to sort alternately into the branches of the loop as well as to synchronize the times at which pairs of droplets exit the loop. In particular, our computations demonstrate that the controller is capable of executing remarkable droplet sort‐synchronization tasks in the otherwise chaotic dynamics in the loop. The design of our controller incorporates a hydrodynamic network model, that is, capable of predicting droplet positions and subsequently delivering an actuation to the branches in the loop through elastomeric valves. Efficacy of the controller is discussed in terms of actuation characteristics and constraints imposed by elastomeric valves. The model‐based feedback controller framework presented in this study is likely to promote the development of lab‐on‐chip technologies in which droplet manipulation tasks are executed with active control. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Low-Voltage PWM inverter-fed motor insulation issues (2006)

The topic of how low-voltage insulated-gate-bipolartransistor (IGBT)-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters create additional insulation stress through voltage reflections (due to high dV/dt) has been documented for several years. First, this paper explains and summarizes the basic causes and effects of the high dV/dt environment. Second, the methodologies of various approaches to solutions are critically reviewed. Finally, standards (such as NEMA MG1, parts 30, 31) (NEMA Standards Publication MG 1, 2003) have attempted to partially address this issue. However, there are still some areas that require important clarification. This paper makes the case for what can be done to achieve the needed clarity. Testing of motor insulation systems to verify compliance with the proposed requirements is also covered.
Effects of a serum spreading factor on growth and morphology of cells in serum‐free medium (1980)

A heat-sensitive, trypsin-sensitive factor that promoted growth and spreading of cells in serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium was partially purified from human serum. The major portion of the proteins in these preparations migrated upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a mobility consistent with molecular weights between 60,000 and 90,000. The spreading activity, which we have termed serum spreading factor, stimulated growth and spreading of a wide variety of cell types. The serum spreading factor was similar to fibronectin in that it showed an affinity for the plastic cell culture substrate but was shown to be distinct from fibronectin by several criteria. This factor may prove useful in studies of cell attachment and spreading and in studies of the relationship of cell shape and cell proliferation.
Lanthanum Cerium Manganese Hexaaluminate Combustion Catalysts for Compact Steam Reformers (2005)

Several substituted hexa-aluminates were synthesized via a surfactant-mediated process and tested for their catalytic propane combustion activity. After calcination at 1100 degrees C, catalyst surface areas were as high as 78 m2/g. The best catalysts contained lanthanum, cerium, and manganese, with La(0.6) Ce(0.4) MnAl(11) O(19) representing the optimum. A parallel plate catalytic combustion reactor with a catalyst supported on Fecralloy foam burned propane and JP-8 jet fuel with a low pressure drop, and demonstrated a sufficiently-uniform temperature profile, and stable self-sustained operation. This combustion reactor will be suitable for use in compact steam reformers producing hydrogen for mobile fuel cells.
Modality Preference for Rider Reports on Transit Accessibility Problems (2018)

This paper reports on part of a larger effort towards development of a citizen science method to engage riders to document and assess problems and good solutions throughout the system. This model will empower riders, resulting in a greater understanding of the transportation system, and improve the feedback loop between rider and provider. It is important to know what types of multimedia data riders are comfortable and interested in using for reporting their observations. A 2x3 within-participants design was used to explore reporting modality for a full-scale simulated bus shelter scene. The examined factors included the modalities of the Notes (text, audio) and Media (none, photo, video). Data was collected on perceived ease of use, usefulness, social comfort, and overall preference. The results from two user groups, those without disabilities and those who use wheeled mobility devices, suggest that text with photo should be supported and that end users may not view video data as having additional value.
SpaRC: scalable sequence clustering using Apache Spark (2018)

https://bitbucket.org/berkeleylab/jgi-sparc.
Genetics of Heliothis and Helicoverpa resistance to chemical insecticides and to Bacillus thuringiensis (1997)

Genetic linkage maps of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa armigera are being used to identify and characterize resistance-conferring genes. The insensitive acetylcholinesterase conferring resistance to organophosphorus insecticides and the insensitive sodium channel conferring resistance to pyrethroids have both been mapped in H. virescens. The linkage mapping approach permits a genetic dissection of resistance, even when the mode of action and lethal target are not precisely known, such as for the insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We have identified and mapped a major Bt-resistance locus in a strain of H. virescens exhibiting up to 10000-fold resistance to Cry1Ac toxin and are currently developing a linkage map for H. armigera with a set of ‘anchor’ loci to facilitate comparison with H. virescens. Both species are currently experiencing their first significant selective pressure in the field by transgenic cotton expressing Cry1Ac, and timely identification of resistance mechanisms and their underlying genetic basis will be essential in successfully managing the Bt resistance that will eventually appear. ©1997 SCI
A Dual-Mode Parametric Acoustic Array Based on Air-Coupled Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array (2022)

Due to its low acoustic impedance, CMUT has good application prospects in parametric acoustic array field. An air-coupled CMUT array for directional emission of parametric acoustic array is introduced. The odd and even elements of the CMUT are connected with the external excitation circuit respectively to form two interlaced CMUT arrays, which can transmit two different frequencies on a single CMUT chip. We propose two operating modes to realize CMUT parametric array emission. In the first mode, the two sound signals emitted are always kept within the bandwidth of the CMUT. In the second mode, the two sound signals emitted have a larger energy and bandwidth than the first mode, which can generate low frequency sound waves with a larger frequency range. The results of simulation and experiment show that the difference frequency sound has high directivity, which achieves high directional sound emission by a small sensor array.
erbB1 Functions as a Sensor of Airway Epithelial Integrity by Regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity (2005)

Two enzymes, protein phosphatase 2A and atypical protein kinase C, are associated with the tight junction and regulate its function. For example, phosphorylation of the tight junction protein occludin is required for its incorporation into the junction. The association of a kinase and phosphatase with the tight junction suggests that a balance between their activities exists and is required for normal tight junction function. This hypothesis predicts that loss of epithelial integrity may disrupt this balance in such a way as to facilitate restoration of epithelial integrity. Our previous data have shown that apically localized growth factors segregate from their basolaterally localized erbB receptors. Loss of epithelial integrity allows ligand access to the basolateral membrane where it immediately binds to and activates erbB receptors. We found that activation of erbB1 leads to phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A, inhibiting its activity. Importantly, this phosphorylation event was dependent on factors in the overlying airway surface liquid; washing away this liquid prevented phosphorylation. erbB1-mediated inhibition of phosphatase activity would shift the balance in favor of the kinase such that tight junction proteins would regain their phosphorylation, allowing for their incorporation into the junction complex. This mechanism provides a rapid means of sensing the loss of epithelial integrity and subsequently restoring barrier function.