gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional light shaping: manipulating ultrafast spatio-temporal foci in space and time (2017)

Spectral dispersion of ultrashort pulses allows simultaneous focusing of light in both space and time creating so-called spatio-temporal foci. Such space-time coupling may be combined with existing holographic techniques to give a further dimension of control when generating focal light fields. It is shown that a phase-only hologram placed in the pupil plane of an objective and illuminated by a spatially chirped ultrashort pulse can be used to generate three dimensional arrays of spatio-temporally focused spots. Exploiting the pulse front tilt generated at focus when applying simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF), it is possible to overlap neighbouring foci in time to create a smooth intensity distribution. The resulting light field displays a high level of axial confinement, with experimental demonstrations given through two-photon microscopy and non-linear laser fabrication of glass.
Porting an expert database application to an active database (1997)

Article Porting an expert database application to an active database: an experience report Share on Authors: Lance Obermeyer Univ. of Texas, Austin Univ. of Texas, AustinView Profile , Lane Warshaw Univ. of Texas, Austin Univ. of Texas, AustinView Profile , Daniel P. Miranker Univ. of Texas, Austin Univ. of Texas, AustinView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '96: Proceedings of the workshop on Databases: active and real-timeNovember 1996 Pages 37–40https://doi.org/10.1145/352302.352312Published:01 November 1996 0citation186DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads186Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
A New Autocatalytic Activation Mechanism for Cysteine Proteases Revealed by Prevotella intermedia Interpain A (2007)

Prevotella intermedia is a major periodontopathogen contributing to human gingivitis and periodontitis. Such pathogens release proteases as virulence factors that cause deterrence of host defenses and tissue destruction. A new cysteine protease from the cysteine-histidine-dyad class, interpain A, was studied in its zymogenic and self-processed mature forms. The latter consists of a bivalved moiety made up by two subdomains. In the structure of a catalytic cysteine-to-alanine zymogen variant, the right subdomain interacts with an unusual prodomain, thus contributing to latency. Unlike the catalytic cysteine residue, already in its competent conformation in the zymogen, the catalytic histidine is swung out from its active conformation and trapped in a cage shaped by a backing helix, a zymogenic hairpin, and a latency flap in the zymogen. Dramatic rearrangement of up to 20A of these elements triggered by a tryptophan switch occurs during activation and accounts for a new activation mechanism for proteolytic enzymes. These findings can be extrapolated to related potentially pathogenic cysteine proteases such as Streprococcus pyogenes SpeB and Porphyromonas gingivalis periodontain.
A Machine Learning Approach to Zeolite Synthesis Enabled by Automatic Literature Data Extraction (2019)

Zeolites are porous, aluminosilicate materials with many industrial and "green" applications. Despite their industrial relevance, many aspects of zeolite synthesis remain poorly understood requiring costly trial and error synthesis. In this paper, we create natural language processing techniques and text markup parsing tools to automatically extract synthesis information and trends from zeolite journal articles. We further engineer a data set of germanium-containing zeolites to test the accuracy of the extracted data and to discover potential opportunities for zeolites containing germanium. We also create a regression model for a zeolite's framework density from the synthesis conditions. This model has a cross-validated root mean squared error of 0.98 T/1000 Å<sup>3</sup>, and many of the model decision boundaries correspond to known synthesis heuristics in germanium-containing zeolites. We propose that this automatic data extraction can be applied to many different problems in zeolite synthesis and enable novel zeolite morphologies.
Engineering Catalyst Microenvironments for Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Biologically Derived Platform Chemicals (2014)

Abstract It is shown that microenvironments formed around catalytically active sites mitigate catalyst deactivation by biogenic impurities that are present during the production of biorenewable chemicals from biologically derived species. Palladium and ruthenium catalysts are inhibited by the presence of sulfur‐containing amino acids; however, these supported metal catalysts are stabilized by overcoating with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which creates a microenvironment unfavorable for biogenic impurities. Moreover, deactivation of Pd catalysts by carbon deposition from the decomposition of highly reactive species is suppressed by the formation of bimetallic PdAu nanoparticles. Thus, a PVA‐overcoated PdAu catalyst was an order of magnitude more stable than a simple Pd catalyst in the hydrogenation of triacetic acid lactone, which is the first step in the production of biobased sorbic acid. A PVA‐overcoated Ru catalyst showed a similar improvement in stability during lactic acid hydrogenation to propylene glycol in the presence of methionine.
The PB1-F2 virulence protein regulates host ILC2 responses during influenza (2020)

Abstract Influenza remains a major public health concern. The H1N1 PR8 and CA04 influenza viruses are both pandemic strains, yet they have distinct origins and pathogenicity. In PR8, the PB1-F2 viral protein promotes apoptosis of immune cells and negatively influences viral clearance. In the less virulent CA04 strain, however, the PB1-F2 protein is truncated and nonfunctional. Our aim was to examine the role of PB1-F2 in regulating group II innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) function and host susceptibility to viral infection. We found that in the absence of IFN-γ, ILC2s stimulated by CA04 challenge expressed a robust IL-5 response whereas following PR8 challenge, ILC2s predominantly produced IL-13. We observed increased resistance to CA04 challenge in IFN-g−/− mice, which was dependent on ILC2 production of IL-5 and improved tissue integrity. Conversely, during PR8 infection, ILC2s produced only limited amounts of IL-5, with no effect on tissue integrity. We next investigated infection with PB1-F2 recombinant CA04 and PR8 viruses that were created by gene reassortment. CA04 expressing recombinant PR8 PB1-F2 and PR8 expressing recombinant CA04 PB1-F2 induced an ILC2 phenotype and tissue pathogenicity that were similar to the PB1-F2 donor strains, indicating a detrimental role of full-length PB1-F2 protein on ILC2 function and host resistance. Our results suggest that activation of ILC2s can improve host survival following CA04 infection and that the PR8 PB1-F2 inhibits this ILC2-mediated protection. Our findings suggest the concept of a strain-specific contribution of PB1-F2 and ILC2s in protection against influenza virus infection. (supported by NIH Grant R01 HL140496).
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 dominates very late antigen 4 in binding of activated T cells to endothelium. (1993)

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (LFA-1/ICAM-1)-and very late antigen 4/vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VLA-4/VCAM-1)-mediated adhesion of T lymphocytes to endothelial cells (EC) can be regulated by increased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 upon cytokine treatment of EC, or by activation of the integrin molecules LFA-1 and VLA-4 on T cells. Here, we provide evidence that preferential usage of LFA-1 over VLA-4 is yet another mechanism to control T cell adhesion. We observed that binding of activated T lymphocytes, as opposed to resting T cells, to EC is essentially mediated through LFA-1 and not through VLA-4. VLA-4-mediated adhesion of T cells to EC is only found when LFA-1 is not expressed or not functional, as observed for several T cell leukemia cell lines. These results suggest that LFA-1-mediated adhesion dominates and may downregulate VLA-4-mediated adhesion through an unidentified mechanism.
Distance moved by transfer RNA during translocation from the A site to the P site on the ribosome (1982)

Singlet-singlet energy transfer has been used to measure the distance between the midsections of two transfer RNAs bound to the same ribosome. Two Escherichia coli tRNA species were modified by the covalent attachment of a fluorescent dye to 4-thiouridine: tRNAfMet was reacted with IAEDANS‡ to give tRNAfMet-AEDANS8, and tRNAPhe with 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein to give tRNAPhe-F8. These fluorescent-labeled tRNAs were purified by chromatography on RPC-5. The modified tRNAfMet-AEDANS8 interacted to the same extent as the unmodified tRNA with methionyl-tRNA synthetase, transformylase, initiation factors, ribosomes and the peptidyltransferase. The ability of tRNAPhe-F8 to interact with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, EF-Tu · GTP and the ribosomal complex was only slightly diminished by the presence of the fluorescein dye. Ribosomal complexes were prepared for the energy transfer experiments by binding fMet-tRNAfMet-AEDANS8 (the donor) to the P site using an A-U-G-U4–5 message, and then binding Phe-tRNAPhe-F8 (the acceptor) to the A site using EF-Tu · GTP. The necessary control samples were prepared in parallel using unmodified tRNAs in place of the donor, the acceptor, or both. The fluorescence of the donor dye in the P site was strongly quenched (~ 70%) when the acceptor dye was present in the A site. This high efficiency of energy transfer corresponds to a separation distance of 26(±4)Å between the dyes. The midsections of the tRNAs bound in the A and P sites are therefore located close to each other, separated by only 2 to 10 Å, and translocation from the A site into the immediately adjacent P site requires a movement of less than 30 Å. This arrangement of the tRNAs suggests that the ejection of the deacylated tRNA from the P site might be powered by the electrostatic repulsion between the tRNAs bound in the A and P sites.
Who is Doing What and When (2011)

Content-centric social Web sites, such as discussion forums and blog sites, have flourished during the past several years. These sites often contain overwhelming amounts of information that are also being updated rapidly. To help users locate their interests at such sites (e.g., interesting blogs to read or discussion forums to join), researchers have developed a number of recommendation technologies. However, it is difficult to make effective recommendations for new users (a.k.a. the cold start problem) due to a lack of user information (e.g., preferences and interests). Furthermore, the complexity of recommendation algorithms often prevents users from comprehending let alone trusting the recommended results. To tackle these above two challenges, we are building a social map-based recommender system called Pharos. A social map summarizes users’ content-related social behavior over time (e.g., reading, writing, and commenting behavior during the past week) as a set of latent communities. For a given time interval, each community is characterized by the theme of the content being discussed and the key people involved. By discovering, ranking, and displaying the most popular latent communities at different time intervals, Pharos creates a time-sensitive, visual social map of a Web site. This enables new users to obtain a quick overview of the site, alleviating the cold start problem. Furthermore, we use the social map as a context to help explain Pharos-recommended content and people. Users can also interactively explore the social map to locate the content in which they are interested or people that are not being explicitly recommended, compensating for the imperfections in the recommendation algorithms. We have developed several Pharos applications, one of which is deployed within our company. Our preliminary evaluation of the deployed application shows the usefulness of Pharos.
Tunable RF filters using thin film barium strontium titanate based capacitors (2002)

Tunable lowpass and bandpass filters based on barium strontium titanate (BST) capacitors are reported. For the lowpass filter, 40% tunability was achieved at 9 V. Intermodulation distortion generated by the lowpass filters was also measured and predicted using a nonlinear model for the BST capacitors. The bandpass filter showed 45% tunability with an applied DC bias of 10 V.
Design of an Actuator Fault Tolerant Flight Control System Using Fault Detection and Diagnosis (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a fault tolerant flight control design for the longitudinal linear model of the Boeing 737-100. The EMMAE (Extended Multiple Model Adaptive estimation) method is used to design the FDD process (Fault Detection and Diagnosis). Based essentially on a set of EKFs (Extended Kalman Filters), this method makes it possible to simulate several types of faults including stuck and oscillation. To develop the RFC (Reconfigurable Flight Control) law, SMC (Sliding Mode Control) method [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;] is used. To rigorously investigate the performance of the overall system with respect of interactions between the two subsystems, The MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control) method [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] is used for comparison. Several simulation results using Matlab and Simulink show the desired system performance with fault compensation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylphosphine Adduct of the Zirconocene‐Benzyne Complex: Synthesis, Reactions, and X‐Ray Crystal Structure. (1987)

Abstract On generating zirconocene benzyne from (I) in benzene in the presence of excess trimethylphosphine, the title complex (II) is formed.
Erratum to: Search for production of WW / WZ resonances decaying to a lepton, neutrino and jets in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A search is presented for narrow diboson resonances decaying to WW or WZ in the final state where one W boson decays leptonically (to an electron or a muon plus a neutrino) and the other W/Z boson decays hadronically. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collisions at √s=8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. No evidence for resonant diboson production is observed, and resonance masses below 700 and 1490 GeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level for the spin-2 Randall-Sundrum bulk graviton G* with coupling constant of 1.0 and the extended gauge model W' boson respectively.
Dependence of magnetic properties of pellets of nominal compositionYBa2Cu3O7−xon processing conditions (1988)

We have studied the dependence of the magnetic properties of pellets of nominal composition $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ on variations in preparation conditions. We find that rapid quenching of the pellets from annealing temperatures greater than 500-600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C causes the formation of significant amounts of secondary phases. Two of these phases, ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$BaCu${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and BaCu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, have magnetic moments of approximately $1.8{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per Cu atom. We find that ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$BaCu${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ orders antiferromagnetically below 30 K whereas ${\mathrm{BaCuO}}_{2}$ is paramagnetic down to at least 6 K. Eliminating these secondary phases by optimizing the processing conditions gives single-phase material (&gt; 99.8% by mass) for which the magnetic susceptibility above the superconducting transition temperature is nearly independent of temperature. The magnitude of this susceptibility, after correction for ioncore diamagnetism, is enhanced by a factor of approximately 2 over the Pauli susceptibility estimated from the band-structure density of states, indicating the importance of electron-electron correlation effects.
FlameSheet™ Combustor Engine and Rig Validation for Operational and Fuel Flexibility With Low Emissions (2016)

Flexibility is key to the future success of natural gas fired power generation. As renewable energy becomes more widely used, the need for reliable, flexible generation will increase. As such, gas turbines capable of operating efficiently and in emissions compliance from extended low load to full load will have a significant advantage. A wider range of gas fuels, including shale gas and refinery/industrial byproduct gas, is becoming increasingly available, with the opportunity to further reduce the cost of electricity. A combustion system capable of operating with wider ranges of heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen and inerts will have an advantage to accommodate the future fuel gas trends and provide value to gas turbine operators. The FlameSheet™ combustor incorporates a novel dual zone burn system to address operational and fuel flexibility. It provides low emissions, extended turndown and fuel flexibility. FlameSheetTM is simply retrofittable into existing installed E/F-class heavy duty gas turbines and is designed to meet the energy market drivers set forth above. The operating principle of the new combustor is described, and details of a full scale high pressure rig test and engine validation program are discussed, providing insight on rig and engine emissions, as well as combustion dynamics performance. The FlameSheetTM implementation and validation results on a General Electric 7FA heavy duty gas turbine operating in a combined cycle power plant is discussed with emphasis on operational profile optimization to accommodate the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), while substantially increasing the gas turbine normal operating load range.
Bandwidth Shaping of Parametric Frequency Combs via Dispersion Engineering (2014)

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the role of higher-order-dispersion on the bandwidth of microresonator-based parametric frequency combs. Our results demonstrate that fourth-order dispersion plays a critical role in determining the spectral bandwidth.
Synthesis of corticoids from 9.alpha.-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of corticoids from 9.alpha.-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dioneNicholas I. Carruthers, Sohaila Garshasb, and Andrew T. McPhailCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3, 961–965Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00029a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00029a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1079Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Flourescence spectroscopy of trapped molecular ions (2009)

This thesis describes the development of a unique instrument capable of detecting fluorescence emission from large gas phase molecular ions trapped in a three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap. The hypothesis that has formed the basis of this work is the belief that fluorescence spectroscopy can be combined with ion trap mass spectrometry to probe the structure of gas phase molecular ions. The ion trap provides a rarefied environment where fluorescence experiments can be conducted without interference from solvent molecules or impurities. Although fluorescence was not detected during preliminary experiments, two significant experimental challenges associated with detecting the gas phase fluorescence of ions were discovered. First, gas phase ions were vulnerable to photodissociation and low laser powers were necessary to avoid photodissociation. Since fluorescence emission is directly proportional to laser intensity, a lower laser power limits the fluorescence signal. Second, the fluorescence emission was not significantly Stokes shifted from the excitation. The lack of Stokes shift meant the small fluorescence signal must be detected in the presence of a large amount of background scatter generated by the excitation. Initially, this background was seven orders of magnitude higher than the analytical signal ultimately detected. A specially designed fiber optic probe was inserted between the electrodes of the ion trap to stop light scattered off the outside surfaces of the trap from reaching the detector. The inside surfaces of the ion trap were coated black to further reduce the amount of scattered light collected. These innovations helped reduced the background by six orders of magnitude and fluorescence emission from rhodamine-6G was detected. Pulse counting experiments were used to optimize fluorescence detection. The effects of trapping level, laser power, and irradiation time were investigated and optimized. The instrument developed in this work not only allows for the detection of fluorescent photons, but the sensitivity is high enough for the light to be dispersed and an emission spectrum recorded. The emission spectra of rhodamine-6G and 5-carboxyrhodamine-6G ions reported in this thesis represent the first spectra recorded from large molecular ions confined in a quadrupole ion trap. Finally, anti-Stokes fluorescence from rhodamine- 6G was also detected.
Composite interlayer consisting of alcohol-soluble polyfluorene and carbon nanotubes for efficient polymer solar cells (2020)

We report the synthesis of composite interlayers by using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (ASP-wrapped SWNTs) and their application to the electron transport layer in efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enable the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. Impressively, ASP-wrapped SWNTs solutions are stable for 54 days, indicating very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), 9.45% of power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement of the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18% and 17% were achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. The improvement of solar cell performance originates from an increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimization of charge recombination.