gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
152 Variability in Cash Prices for Erectile Dysfunction Medications – Are All Pharmacies the Same? (2019)

Variability in prices of medications is a well-known phenomenon. Erectile dysfunction (ED) medications are ideal to study price variations, as these medications are often not covered by insurances; therefore, the cost is the most direct reflection of price variability amongst pharmacies as they affect the patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the variability in cash prices for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDEIs) for ED. We also evaluated whether certain types of pharmacies consistently offer better pricing than others, and whether there was any correlation with demographic factors. 331 pharmacies were contacted within a 25-mile radius of our institution to obtain the cash price for four commonly used ED medications. Pre-specified doses were identified to maintain consistency. After exclusion, 323 pharmacies were categorized as chain, independent, wholesale, or hospital-associated. Cash prices for the specified medications were evaluated. In addition, we identified population and income factors to determine if these factors had an impact on median drug pricing within each zip code.
Flexible waveguides for Er-YAG laser radiation delivery (1995)

Flexible plastic waveguides (FPW) were devised for the delivery of Er-YAG laser radiation. The FPW characteristics were studied under various conditions. In vitro studies were carried out to explore the drilling procedure on extracted teeth and the FPW-tissue mutual effects. The results which were obtained proved that the FPW as a delivery device might be a substitute hand applicator for the pneumatic turbine for drilling in teeth.
Characterization of Ewing sarcoma associated cancer/testis antigens (2013)

The prognosis of patients suffering from tumors of the Ewing family (EFT) is still poor. Immunotherapy strategies are pursued and EFT-specific antigens have to be identified as targets for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). Due to the lack of expression of cancer/testis antigens (CTA) in normal tissues, these antigens are partially able to induce immune responses in cancer patients. Therefore, they are promising targets for immunotherapy. EFT are characterized by chromosomal rearrangements involving members of the TET (translocated in liposarcoma, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1, TATA box binding protein-associated factor 15) family of RNA binding proteins and members of the E-26 (ETS) family of transcription factors. The resulting onco-fusion proteins are highly specific for EFT and downstream targets of TET-ETS represent candidate tumor specific antigens. In order to identify new EFT-associated CTA, we analyzed microarray-data sets from EFT and normal tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The impact of TET-ETS on expression of CTA was analyzed using GEO data sets from transgenic mesenchymal stem cells. One CTA with high specificity for EFT is lipase I (LIPI, membrane-associated phospholipase A1-β). CTL specific for LIPI-derived peptides LDYTDAKFV and NLLKHGASL were able to lyse HLA-A2 positive EFT cells in vitro which confirms the possible role of LIPI and other CTA for EFT-immunotherapy.
Robust Fuzzy Entropy-Based SOH Estimation for Different Lithium-Ion Battery Chemistries (2022)

Machine learning technologies have gained considerable attention for state of health (SOH) estimation of Lithium-ion batteries due to their advantages in learning the behavior of non-linear systems. The mapping between the features and the SOH can be established according to learning and optimization theory. However, the SOH features can become invalid under different conditions as the battery aging process is closely related to the operating conditions. In this work, the fuzzy entropy (FE) of the voltage, extracted from short-term current pulses, is proposed as a feature for support vector machine-based (SVM-based) SOH estimation. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified by extended experiments performed on the three most common Li-ion battery chemistries, i.e., NMC, LFP, and NCA. The obtained Pearson correlation coefficient, relating the FE feature to the SOH, returns values higher than 0.9. Finally, the proposed FE-based SVM model can estimate the SOH of the considered batteries with MAPE below 1.6% when the battery state of charge (SOC) is known and MAPE below 3.4% when the SOC is not known.
Aggregation Behavior of Polystyrene-Nanoparticles in Human Blood Serum and its Impact on the in vivo Distribution in Mice (2014)

The interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins in complex biological application media such as blood serum are capable of inducing aggregate formation which can lead to subsequent changes in biological activity. Here, we correlate surface charge, aggregation-tendency, and surface serum protein adsorption with cellular uptake and biodistribution in mice.
Bioactive Metabolites of the Stem Bark of Strychnos aff. darienensis and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and UV Protection Activity in Human Skin Cell Cultures (2019)

The genus Strychnos (Loganiaceae) is well-known as a rich source of various bioactive metabolites. In continuation of our phytochemical studies on plants from Amazonia, we examined Strychnos aff. darienensis, collected in Peru. This species has been traditionally used in South America and is still presently used as a drug by the Yanesha tribe in Peru. Phytochemical investigation of this plant led to the isolation and structure elucidation by ΝuclearΜagnetic Resonance and High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy of 14 compounds that belong to the categories of phenolic acids [p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1) and vanillic acid (2)], flavonoids [luteolin, (3),3-O-methyl quercetin (4), strychnobiflavone (5), minaxin (6) and 3’,4’,7-trihydroxy-flavone (7)], lignans [syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside (8), balanophonin (9) and ficusal (10)] and alkaloids [venoterpine (11), 11-methoxyhenningsamine (12), diaboline (13) and 11-methoxy diaboline (14)]. The isolated flavonoids—a class known for its anti-aging activities—were further evaluated for their biological activities on normal human skin fibroblasts. Among them, only (6), and to a lesser extent (7), exhibited cytotoxicity at 100 µg/ml. All five flavonoids suppressed intracellularreactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, either basal or following stimulation with hydrogen peroxide or both. Moreover, luteolin and strychnobiflavone protected skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation-induced cell death. The isolated flavonoids could prove useful bioactive ingredients in the cosmetic industry.
A Survey on Vehicle-to-Vehicle Propagation Channels (2009)

Traffic telematics applications are currently under intense research and development for making transportation safer, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly. Reliable traffic telematics applications and services require vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communications that can provide robust connectivity, typically at data rates between 1 and 10 Mb/s. The development of such VTV communications systems and standards require, in turn, accurate models for the VTV propagation channel. A key characteristic of VTV channels is their temporal variability and inherent non-stationarity, which has major impact on data packet transmission reliability and latency. This article provides an overview of existing VTV channel measurement campaigns in a variety of important environments, and the channel characteristics (such as delay spreads and Doppler spreads) therein. We also describe the most commonly used channel modeling approaches for VTV channels: statistical as well as geometry-based channel models have been developed based on measurements and intuitive insights. Extensive references are provided.
Ligand-Independent GLUT4 Translocation Induced by Guanosine 5′-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) Involves Tyrosine Phosphorylation* (1998)

To delineate the signaling pathway leading to glucose transport protein (GLUT4) translocation, we examined the effect of microinjection of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS), into 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thirty minutes after the injection of 5 mM GTPgammaS, 40% of injected cells displayed surface GLUT4 staining indicative of GLUT4 translocation compared with 55% for insulin-treated cells and 10% in control IgG-injected cells. Treatment of the cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin or coinjection of GST-p85 SH2 fusion protein had no effect on GTPgammaS-mediated GLUT4 translocation. On the other hand, coinjection of antiphosphotyrosine antibodies (PY20) blocked GTPgammaS-induced GLUT4 translocation by 65%. Furthermore, microinjection of GTPgammaS led to the appearance of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins around the periphery of the plasma membrane, as observed by immunostaining with PY20. Treatment of the cells with insulin caused a similar phosphotyrosine-staining pattern. Electroporation of GTPgammaS stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport to 70% of the extent of insulin stimulation. In addition, immunoblotting with phosphotyrosine antibodies after electroporation of GTPgammaS revealed increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including 70- to 80-kDa and 120- to 130-kDa species. These results suggest that GTPgammaS acts upon a signaling pathway either downstream of or parallel to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and that this pathway involves tyrosine-phosphorylated protein(s).
2.5D Metastructures; Design, Optimization, and Experimental Demonstration (2020)

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of multifunctional 2.5D metastructures using adjoint optimization. Our technique considers complex interactions among meta-atoms and offers significantly improved performance compared to conventional unit-cell-based techniques.
Genome-Based Characterization of Two Prenylation Steps in the Assembly of the Stephacidin and Notoamide Anticancer Agents in a Marine-Derived Aspergillus sp. (2010)

Stephacidin and notoamide natural products belong to a group of prenylated indole alkaloids containing a core bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. These bioactive fungal secondary metabolites have a range of unusual structural and stereochemical features but their biosynthesis has remained uncharacterized. Herein, we report the first biosynthetic gene cluster for this class of fungal alkaloids based on whole genome sequencing of a marine-derived Aspergillus sp. Two central pathway enzymes catalyzing both normal and reverse prenyltransfer reactions were characterized in detail. Our results establish the early steps for creation of the prenylated indole alkaloid structure and suggest a scheme for the biosynthesis of stephacidin and notoamide metabolites. The work provides the first genetic and biochemical insights for understanding the structural diversity of this important family of fungal alkaloids.
A Benchmark Suite for SOAP-based Communication in Grid Web Services (2005)

The convergence of Web services and grid computing has promoted SOAP, a widely used Web services protocol, into a prominent protocol for a wide variety of grid applications. These applications differ widely in the characteristics of their respective SOAP messages, and also in their performance requirements. To make the right decisions, an application developer must thus understand the complex dependencies between the SOAP implementation and the application. We propose a standard benchmark suite for quantifying, comparing, and contrasting the performance of SOAP implementations under a wide range of representative use cases. The benchmarks are defined by a set of WSDL documents. To demonstrate the utility of the benchmarks and to provide a snapshot of the current SOAP implementation landscape, we report the performance of many different SOAP implementations (gSOAP, AxisJava, XSUL and bSOAP) on the benchmarks, and draw conclusions about their current performance characteristics.
A ground-truthing engine for proofsetting, publishing, re-purposing and quality assurance (2003)

We present design strategies, implementation preferences and throughput results obtained in deploying a UI-based ground truthing engine as the last step in the quality assurance (QA) for the conversion of a large out-of-print book collection into digital form. A series of automated QA steps were first performed on the document. Five distinct zoning analysis options were deployed and the PDF output thence generated was used to regenerate TIFF files for comparison to the originals. Regenerated TIFFs failing automated QA or a separate visual QA were tagged for ground truthing. Less than 3% of the pages in a 1.2x106-page corpus required ground truthing, resulting in a throughput rate of "fully-proofed" pages of 2x105 pages/man-week. Among the design advantages crucial for this throughput rate was the use of the identical zoning engine for the original production workflow and for the ground truthing engine.
Decentralized Coherent Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission for Weighted Sum Rate Maximization (2015)

Decentralized downlink beamformer design for coherent coordinated multi-point transmission is proposed with weighted sum rate maximization system performance objective. The weighted sum rate is maximized by successive convex approximation of the corresponding weighted mean-squared error minimization problem. Decentralized beam coordination is achieved by employing a best response design, where each base station designs its own precoders in parallel assuming fixed transmission from the adjacent cells. After each beamformer update, the fixed terms are updated according to the solutions of the cooperating transmitters. The proposed design incorporates a bi-directional beamformer signaling scheme to improve the convergence properties. This scheme exploits the time division duplexing frame structure and is shown to improve the training latency of the iterative transceiver design. Furthermore, the improved transceiver convergence rate enables periodic beamformer reinitialization, which greatly improves the achieved system performance in dense networks.
Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in Critical Care (2002)

Many kinds of technologies have been introduced and successfully developed for therapeutic apheresis. Furthermore, several kinds of these technologies have also been applied in critical care. Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), however, is rarely applied in this field in comparison with other treatments such as continuous hemofiltration, continuous hemodiafiltration, single filtration plasmapheresis, and plasma adsorption therapies. In this paper, the characteristics of the DFPP treatments for critical care are summarized. During the DFPP treatments, the patient's blood volume (BV) often decreases with time due to albumin loss induced by inadequate albumin infusion in a supplementation fluid. We examined the change of BV by a continuous hematocrit monitor, Crit-Line, during an in vivo study for 9 patients. As a result, albumin loss fairly occurred in DFPP treatments. The decrease of patient BV was induced by an oncotic pressure drop due to albumin loss and often resulted in a blood pressure drop. This is a serious problem for DFPP in critical care. We should avoid inadequate albumin infusion if the patient is suffering from these adverse effects. In order to determine the optimal concentration C(S) and volume V(S) values of a supplemented albumin solution, we introduced a variable blood volume model for albumin transport in DFPP.
Linearity and Efficiency Strategies for Next‐Generation Wireless Communications (2010)

This chapter describes the evolution of wireless technology places an enormous burden on power amplifier technology. It summarizes the key technical challenges presented by the evolution and present technical strategies to maintain high-power amplifier performance. The chapter provides an overview of the signal characteristics that a typical power amplifier has to contend with in a multi-mode environment. It discusses some alternative approaches under investigation at our laboratory to the more traditional power amplifier design methods, which might provide for improved performance in these new regimes of operation. The chapter describes two approaches such as the Doherty amplifier and dynamic supply amplifier [also known as the envelope elimination and restoration (EER) or envelope tracking (ET) approach]. The aspect of the challenge of power amplifier design for modern wireless communications devices is one of linearity enhancement. Controlled Vocabulary Terms next generation networks; power amplifiers; wireless communication
<title>Implementing process instrumentation: worst case scenarios</title> (2001)

12 The competitive business environment of manufacturing industries requires efficient strategies to increase yield and quality, while decreasing waste, down-time, and energy used. Among these strategies, analyzers are becoming vital to automated process monitoring and control. This conference includes the primary steps required to bring an advanced sensor, analyzer or instrument from inception to implemented process control. Here we present a lighthearted view of the pitfalls encountered in bringing an analytical instrument from the laboratory to the production plant. Two worst case scenarios are given. The `lessons learned' from these experiences are discussed in terms of a step-by-step path to implementing process instrumentation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Unexpected Reactions of 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐pyridinylacetic Hydrazides. Formation of 2H‐Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐2‐ones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The antigen identified by a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against human renal cancer cells is the adenosine deaminase binding protein. (1984)

The antigen recognized by a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb S27) raised against a human renal cancer cell line has been identified as the adenosine deaminase binding protein. mAb S27 immunoprecipitates binding protein purified from a soluble fraction of human kidney. It also recognizes the mature 120,000-dalton membrane form of binding protein from [35S]methionine-labeled human fibroblasts, HepG2 cells, and the renal cancer cell line against which the antibody was raised. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against purified kidney binding protein completely precipitates mAb S27-reactive material from labeled membrane extracts. mAb S27 does not precipitate the initially synthesized 110,000 molecular weight precursor of binding protein in fibroblasts and recognizes only a small portion of binding protein precursor in labeled HepG2 cells suggesting that the antigenic determinant recognized by mAb S27 may be a post-translational modification present on the mature form of binding protein or that mAb S27 recognizes molecules in a certain conformation. Glycopeptides derived from purified soluble kidney binding protein or exogenously added adenosine deaminase do not inhibit the immunoprecipitation of binding protein by mAb S27, indicating that the mature oligosaccharide chains of binding protein are not the determinant recognized by mAb S27 and that bound adenosine deaminase does not mask the antigenic sites on binding protein. The fact that monoclonal antibody S27, previously shown (Ueda, R., Ogata, S., Morissey, D. M., Finstad, C. L., Szkudlavek, J., Whitmore, W. F., Oettgen, H. F., Lloyd, K. O., and Old, L. J. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 5122-5126) to detect a cell surface antigen on cultured renal cancer cells, is directed against the adenosine deaminase binding protein confirms and extends the earlier observation (Andy, R.J., and Kornfeld, R. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7922-7925) that binding protein is located on the cell surface.
High-throughput synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline porphyrinic zirconium metal–organic frameworks (2016)

We describe and employ a high-throughput screening method to accelerate the synthesis and identification of pure-phase, nanocrystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). We demonstrate the efficacy of this method through its application to a series of porphyrinic zirconium MOFs, resulting in the isolation of MOF-525, MOF-545, and PCN-223 on the nanoscale.
Abstract 241: Splenic T Regulatory Lymphocytes Are Reduced in Genetically Hypertensive Rats Associated with Central Sympathoexcitation (2013)

Background: Chronic inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Among the subsets of T lymphocytes, T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs), which are immune suppressors of inflammatory responses, are reported to prevent angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension and vascular injury. We hypothesized that Tregs play a critical role in the development and maintenance of hypertension. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Tregs are decreased in genetically hypertensive rats at both prehypertensive and established ages compared with those in normotensive rats, and if so, to examine whether blockade of brain AngII type 1 receptors (AT1R) affects Tregs in hypertensive rats. Methods and Results: We examined Tregs in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) at prehypertensive (5 week old) and established ages (12 week old) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In both SHRSP and WKY, the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) mRNA expression levels were greater in the spleen than in other organs. However, Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression levels in the spleen were significantly lower in SHRSP than in WKY (Foxp3 mRNA: 0.47±0.03 vs. 1.02±0.03, protein: 0.39±0.02 vs. 0.66±0.03, n=6 for each, p&lt;0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells (Tregs) in the spleen were significantly lower in SHRSP than in WKY (%Foxp3+ gated on CD4+CD25+ cells in the spleen; 45.4±1.4 vs. 58.1±2.0, n=3 for each, p&lt;0.05). In addition, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in the spleen were lower in prehypertensive SHRSP, but not in the thymus. In hypertensive SHRSP, intracerebroventricular infusion of AT1R blocker (losartan, 1mg/kg/day for 2 weeks) reduced blood pressure and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion, and upregulated Foxp3 mRNA expression levels in the spleen (0.44±0.04 vs. 0.31±0.02, n=3-4, p&lt;0.05, vs. vehicle-treated SHRSP). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that splenic Tregs are reduced in SHRSP at both prehypertensive and established hypertensive stages. These alterations may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Central sympathoinhibition increases the reduced splenic Tregs in SHRSP suggesting interaction between sympathetic hyperactivity and Tregs.