gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved a priori SNR estimation with application in Log-MMSE speech estimation (2009)

A speech enhancement method utilizing the harmonic structure of speech is presented. The method is an extension of the well known minimum mean square error log-spectral amplitude estimator (Log MMSE) method for speech enhancement. The improvement lies specifically on a priori SNR estimation by utilizing harmonic structure of speech. The method is based on a conditional averaging operation over adjacent frequency bands for each processed data block. The actual frequency bands used in the conditional averaging is determined by a pitch detector. Thus voiced segments are averaged over frequency according to the pitch and the corresponding harmonic structure of voiced speech. Non-voiced segments are averaged over frequency according to a random number depending on the pitch value. The result is overall better SNR and SNRSeg values in white noise over the standard Log MMSE reference method. In babble noise, the estimator rendered similar SNR and SNRSeg values as the Log-MMSE reference method. Subjectively the residue background noise sounded more natural when using the suggested method.
3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine is an immunomodulatory biogenic amine (2021)

Tryptophan catabolism is a major metabolic pathway utilized by several professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells to maintain immunological tolerance. Here we report that 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine (3-HKA) is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1/NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction. Overall, we propose that this biogenic amine is a crucial component of tryptophan-mediated immune tolerance.
Structural and functional diversity among Type III restriction-modification systems that confer host DNA protection via methylation of the N4 atom of cytosine (2021)

We report a new subgroup of Type III Restriction-Modification systems that use m4C methylation for host protection. Recognition specificities for six such systems, each recognizing a novel motif, have been determined using single molecule real-time DNA sequencing. In contrast to all previously characterized Type III systems which modify adenine to m6A, protective methylation of the host genome in these new systems is achieved by the N4-methylation of a cytosine base in one strand of an asymmetric 4 to 6 base pair recognition motif. Type III systems are heterotrimeric enzyme complexes containing a single copy of an ATP-dependent restriction endonuclease-helicase (Res) and a dimeric DNA methyltransferase (Mod). The Type III Mods are beta-class amino-methyltransferases, examples of which form either N6-methyl adenine or N4-methyl cytosine in Type II RM systems. The Type III m4C Mod and Res proteins are diverged, suggesting ancient origin or that m4C modification has arisen from m6A MTases multiple times in diverged lineages. Two of the systems, from thermophilic organisms, required expression of both Mod and Res to efficiently methylate an E. coli host, unlike previous findings that Mod alone is proficient at modification, suggesting that the division of labor between protective methylation and restriction activities is atypical in these systems. Two of the characterized systems, and many homologous putative systems, appear to include a third protein; a conserved putative helicase/ATPase subunit of unknown function and located 5' of the mod gene. The function of this additional ATPase is not yet known, but close homologs co-localize with the typical Mod and Res genes in hundreds of putative Type III systems. Our findings demonstrate a rich diversity within Type III RM systems.
The 2008 MedSLT System (2008)

MedSLT is a grammar-based medical speech translation system intended for use in doctor-patient diagnosis dialogues, which provides coverage of several dif-ferent subdomains and multiple language pairs. Vocabulary ranges from about 350 to 1000 surface words, depending on the lan-guage and subdomain. We will demo three different versions of the system: an any-to-any multilingual version involving the languages Japanese, English, French and Arabic, a bidirectional English ↔ Span-ish version, and a mobile version run-ning on a hand-held PDA. We will also demo the Regulus development environ-ment, focussing on features which sup-port rapid prototyping of grammar-based speech translation systems. c © 2008. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported li-
Experimental evaluation of inactivated and live attenuated vaccines against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (2015)

The current control method for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Africa is vaccination with a live, attenuated strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). However, this method is not very efficient and often causes serious adverse reactions. Several studies have attempted to induce protection using inactivated mycoplasma, but with widely contradictory results. Therefore, we compared the protective capacity of the live T1/44 vaccine with two inactivated preparations of Mmm strain Afadé, inoculated with an adjuvant. Protection was measured after a challenge with Afadé. The protection levels were 31%, 80.8% and 74.1% for the formalin-inactivated, heat-inactivated and live attenuated preparations, respectively. These findings indicate that low doses of heat-inactivated Mmm can offer protection to a level similar to the current live attenuated (T1/44) vaccine formulation.
Correction: Targeting focal adhesion kinase overcomes erlotinib resistance in smoke induced lung cancer by altering phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (2021)

1 in Figure 4B is an accidental duplicate of the image in panel 3, column 1 of Figure 4A. The corrected Figure 4 is shown below.
MEDIAL PIVOT DESIGNS AVOID THE NEED FOR LIGAMENT BALANCING – AFFIRMS (2018)

INTRODUCTION Medial ball and socket knee designs have a long history but are not yet widely used. The Saiph medial ball and socket knee passed preclinical testing before an introductory cohort of 2...
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulation suppresses pathogenic astrocyte activation and chronic progressive CNS inflammation (2017)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that causes disability in young adults as a result of the irreversible accumulation of neurological deficits. Although there are potent disease-modifying agents for its initial relapsing-remitting phase, these therapies show limited efficacy in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for the identification of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches for SPMS. Here, we show that the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator fingolimod (FTY720) ameliorated chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in nonobese diabetic mice, an experimental model that resembles several aspects of SPMS, including neurodegeneration and disease progression driven by the innate immune response in the CNS. Indeed, S1PR modulation by FTY720 in murine and human astrocytes suppressed neurodegeneration-promoting mechanisms mediated by astrocytes, microglia, and CNS-infiltrating proinflammatory monocytes. Genome-wide studies showed that FTY720 suppresses transcriptional programs associated with the promotion of disease progression by astrocytes. The study of the molecular mechanisms controlling these transcriptional modules may open new avenues for the development of therapeutic strategies for progressive MS.
Bone morphogenetic protein inhibits differentiation and affects expression of helix‐loop‐helix regulatory molecules in myoblastic cells (1993)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) reproducibly induces chondrogenesis and osteogenesis when implanted into skeletal muscle. The exact identity of the cell that responds to BMP is not known. Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the possibility that myoblastic cells may transdifferentiate to chondrocytes and osteoblasts under the influence of BMP. We have therefore, undertaken studies on the effects of BMP on differentiation in L6 and C2C12 cells, two rodent myoblastic cell lines. To gain insights into the mechanisms of action of BMP, we have studied the effects of BMP on the levels of expression of the four known myogenic determination genes: myogenin, Myo D, herculin, and myf-5. BMP inhibited myogenesis in myoblastic cells. Convincing evidence of transdifferentiation of myoblasts to chondrocytes or osteoblasts was not seen. BMP inhibited the expression of all four myogenic determination genes.
Tumor progression and metastasis from genetic to microenvironmental determinants (2006)

A Workshop of the Tumor Progression and Metastasis NIH Study Section In Honor of Dr. Martin L. PadarathsinghMay 31, 2006, Georgetown, Washington, DC
A simple position estimator that improves advanced RAIM performance (2015)

We describe a simple method to determine a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position estimator for advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) that improves availability upon the commonly used least squares estimator. The idea consists in searching the estimator among all affine combinations of the all-in-view least squares estimator and a fault-tolerant estimator - the one corresponding to the most difficult fault to mitigate. Availability simulations show a significant improvement in vertical guidance coverage levels for a dual constellation scenario.
The study of multi-objective supplier selection problem by a novel hybrid method: COA/ε-constraint (2021)

Today, paying attention to the interests of suppliers in supply chain management strategies is one of the important points in the success of long-term and strategic relationships with suppliers. Not paying enough attention to these points sometimes causes irreparable damage to the overall structure of the organization. In response to this need, researchers have developed and proposed different models according to different approaches. This research has presented a special model with the approach of answering these problems. This approach, which is based on the Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA), can solve the problems in multi-objective methods in addition to single-objective problems. This method based on the COA and the ε-constraint method named COA/ε-Constraint. The general approach of this method is to turn a multi-objective problem into a single-purpose problem, which is associated with increased efficiency. The model studied in this paper, with the aim of creating coordination between buyers and suppliers in the problem of supplier selection, is a three-objective model of cost, quality and delivery time, which is implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show the superiority of the proposed method over similar approaches in terms of creating a Pareto frontier.
Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of Podosphaera xanthii Parasitised by Ampelomyces (2023)

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of hyperparasitic fungi in controlling powdery mildew (PM). In a greenhouse, we spray-inoculated single colonies of the melon PM-causing fungus Podosphaera xanthii strain KMP-6N at three different fungal developmental stages (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 days old) with spores of the hyperparasitic fungus Ampelomyces sp. strain Xs-q. After spray inoculation, we collected and counted KMP-6N conidia produced as asexual progeny from PM colonies using an electrostatic rotational spore collector. Collector insulator films were replaced at 24 h intervals until KMP-6N ceased to release additional progeny conidia. Conidial releases from each of the single Xs-q-inoculated KMP-6N colonies gradually reduced, then stopped within ca. 4 and 8 days of the first treatment in 5- and 10-day-old KMP-6N colonies, and within ca. 20 days of the second spray treatment in 15-day-old KMP-6N colonies, respectively. The total numbers of asexual progeny conidia collected from single 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old colonies were ca. 156, 1167, and 44,866, respectively. After electrostatic spore collection, conidiophores in Xs-q-uninoculated KMP-6N colonies appeared normal, whereas almost all conidiophores in 5- and 10-day-old Xs-q-inoculated KMP-6N colonies were completely deformed or collapsed due to the infection of the hyperparasitic fungus. This is the first study to apply electrostatic and digital microscopic techniques to clarify the impact of fungal hyperparasitism on mycohost survival, and, in particular, to assess quantitatively and visually the suppression of conidial release from any PM colonies infected with Ampelomyces.
33. Is There a Moving Bed System in Your Future (2004)

Alstom is developing a circulating moving bed combustion system that could make boilers of the future – even those firing low-grade solid fuels – less expensive, cleaner, and more efficient. Although a utility-scale version of the system is still as much as a decade away, the results of first tests of the concept are tantalizing.
Complexity Reduction Methods for Index Modulation Based Dual-Function Radar Communication Systems (2020)

Dual-function radar communication (DFRC) systems implement both sensing and communication using the same hardware. An emerging DFRC strategy embeds transmission of digital messages into agility-based radar schemes in the form of index modulation (IM). This approach provides the ability to communicate without entailing degradation in radar performance, at the cost of increased decoding complexity at the receiver side. In this work we propose schemes for reducing the decoding complexity associated with IM-based DFRC systems. We first focus on the receiver side, developing a sub-optimal low complexity scheme for recovering IM symbols embedded in radar waveforms. Then, we propose a method to modify the radar waveform to facilitate the recovery of the communicated bits with minimal effect on the radar performance. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed techniques allow the receiver to reliably recover the transmitted symbols with an affordable computational burden.
A monograph of Otidea (Pyronemataceae, Pezizomycetes) (2015)

The easily recognised genus Otidea is subjected to numerous problems in species identification. A number of old names have undergone various interpretations, materials from different continents have not been compared and misidentifications occur commonly. In this context, Otidea is monographed, based on our multiple gene phylogenies assessing species boundaries and comparative morphological characters (see Hansen & Olariaga 2015). All names combined in or synonymised with Otidea are dealt with. Thirty-three species are treated, with full descriptions and colour illustrations provided for 25 of these. Five new species are described, viz. O. borealis, O. brunneoparva, O. oregonensis, O. pseudoleporina and O. subformicarum. Otidea cantharella var. minor and O. onotica var. brevispora are elevated to species rank. Otideopsis kaushalii is combined in the genus Otidea. A key to the species of Otidea is given. An LSU dataset containing 167 sequences (with 44 newly generated in this study) is analysed to place collections and determine whether the named Otidea sequences in GenBank were identified correctly. Fourty-nine new ITS sequences were generated in this study. The ITS region is too variable to align across Otidea, but had low intraspecific variation and it aided in species identifications. Thirty type collections were studied, and ITS and LSU sequences are provided for 12 of these. A neotype is designated for O. cantharella and epitypes for O. concinna, O. leporina and O. onotica, along with several lectotypifications. The apothecial colour and shape, and spore characters are important for species identification. We conclude that to distinguish closely related or morphologically similar species, a combination of additional features are needed, i.e. the shape of the paraphyses, ectal excipulum structure, types of ectal excipulum resinous exudates and their reactions in Melzer's reagent and KOH, tomentum and basal mycelium colours and exudates. The KOH reaction of excipular resinous exudates and basal mycelium are introduced as novel taxonomic characters.
Grating spectra in air-silica microstructure fibers (2002)

We report detailed spectral characterization of optical gratings written in different air-silica microstructured optical fibers. Our data reveal the propagation of higher order leaky modes in fibers with periodically spaced air-holes (photonic crystal fibers). As the air-hole diameter increases (i.e., mode ceases to penetrate the inner holes) spectra reveal cladding modes defined by the inner cladding only.
End user software engineering (2007)

Recently, researchers have been working to bring the benefits of rigorous software engineering methodologies to end users who find themselves in programming situations, to try to make their software more reliable. End users create software whenever they write, for instance, educational simulations, spreadsheets, or dynamic e-business web applications. Unfortunately, errors are pervasive in end-user software, and the resulting impact is sometimes enormous. This special interest group meeting has three purposes: to bring the results of a recent (February 2007) week-long "Dagstuhl" meeting on end-user software engineering to interested researchers at CHI; to incorporate attendees' ideas and feedback into an emerging survey of the state of this interesting new subarea; and generally to bring together the community of researchers who are addressing this topic, with the companies that are creating end-user programming tools.
Model-Independent Observation of Exotic Contributions to B0→J/ψK+π− Decays (2019)

An angular analysis of B^{0}→J/ψK^{+}π^{-} decays is performed, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1} collected with the LHCb detector. The m(K^{+}π^{-}) spectrum is divided into fine bins. In each m(K^{+}π^{-}) bin, the hypothesis that the three-dimensional angular distribution can be described by structures induced only by K^{*} resonances is examined, making minimal assumptions about the K^{+}π^{-} system. The data reject the K^{*}-only hypothesis with a large significance, implying the observation of exotic contributions in a model-independent fashion. Inspection of the m(J/ψπ^{-}) vs m(K^{+}π^{-}) plane suggests structures near m(J/ψπ^{-})=4200 and 4600 MeV.
An Out-of-Band IM3 Cancellation Technique Using a Baseband Auxiliary Path in Wideband LNTA-Based Receivers (2018)

An out-of-band (OB) third-order intermodulation (IM3) cancellation technique is proposed and analyzed. By exploiting a baseband (BB) auxiliary path (AP) with high-pass feature, the in-band desired signal, and OB interferers are split. OB IM3 products are then reconstructed in the AP and cancelled in the BB. The approach is implemented using a 65-nm CMOS 0.5- to 2.5-GHz frequency-translational noise-cancelling receiver, and it achieves 8.8-MHz BB bandwidth, 40-dB gain, 3.3-dB noise figure, 5 dBm OB third-order input intercept points (IIP3), and -6.5-dBm OB B1dB without IM3 cancellation with 36 mW at 1-GHz local oscillator (LO) frequency and 1.2-V supply. After IM3 cancellation, the effective OB-IIP3 has increased to 32.5 dBm with an extra 34 mW for narrowband interferers (two tones). For wideband interferers, 18.8-dB cancellation is demonstrated over 10 MHz with two -15-dBm modulated interferers. The LO leakage is -92 and -88 dBm at 1- and 2-GHz LO, respectively. This technique can achieve both high OB linearity and good LO isolation.
Die Wasserstrahl assistierte Liposuktion (WAL) (2004)

Die Wasserstrahl assistierte Liposuktion (WAL) wird derzeit noch von wenigen Chirurgen eingesetzt. Die Gründe hierfür könnten einerseits die mangelnde Geräteverfügbarkeit und andererseits das Fehlen von belegten klinischen Daten sein. Die Grundidee (Taufig 1999) basiert auf einer lokalen Flüssigkeitsapplikation zur Zerstörung der Adipocyten unter Hochdruck bei zeitgleichem Absaugen. Mengen und Ausmaß des abzusaugenden Fettgewebes in den betreffenden Arealen kann präzise bestimmt werden. Da beträchtliche Mengen einer NACL 0,9%tigen Lösung zur Spülung benutzt werden, war die Erhebung solcher klinischer Daten bei Patienten von Bedeutung, welche von der Menge der Spüllösung beeinflusst werden könnten. Nach einem einheitlichen Narkoseprotokoll wurden bei 46 aufeinander folgenden Patienten folgende Parameter erhoben:
Development of a Scanning Auger Electron Microscope Equipped with a Field Emission Gun (1981)

A scanning Auger electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun was developed. This field emission gun has a beater which can bake the anode in the gun chamber. Gas desorption from the anode due to emitted electrons is reduced remarkably. Very stable cold emission is obtainable for more than eight hours without an additional flashing operation. The long working distance permits the positioning of the cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) at right angles with respect to the electron beam axis. The smallest probe diameter is 20 nm with a 2 × 10−9A probe current at 10 kV. The spatial Auger image resolution of 20 nm has been verified by a Si (LMM) Auger electron line-profile at the Si-Al boundary.
Thin film filter wavelength-locked laser cavity for spectral beam combining of diode laser arrays (2014)

We describe a novel wavelength-stabilized multi-laser cavity, suited for kW-class dense spectral beam combining of broad-area diode laser emitters. The approach has been used to demonstrate spectral beam combining of multiple low fill-factor bars into a 100 μm fiber.
Senescence regulates macrophage activation and angiogenic fate at sites of tissue injury in mice (2007)

Abnormal angiogenesis plays a key role in diseases of aging such as heart disease, certain cancers, and eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration. Macrophages have been shown previously to be both anti- and proangiogenic, and their role in regulating angiogenesis at sites of tissue injury is critical and complex. In this study, we analyzed cytokine gene expression patterns of mouse macrophages by real-time quantitative PCR and tested the functional effects of senescence on gene expression and macrophage polarization. Following laser injury to the retina, IL-10 was upregulated and Fas ligand (FasL), IL-12, and TNF-alpha were downregulated in ocular macrophages of old mice (>18 months of age). Downregulation of FasL on macrophages led to a loss of the antiangiogenic phenotype, as evidenced by the inability of these macrophages to inhibit vascular endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate that senescence, FasL, and IL-10 are key determinants of macrophage function that alter the growth of abnormal postdevelopmental blood vessels in disease processes including blinding eye disease.