gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soliton Raman Self-Frequency Shifting of High-Power 1 μm, μJ-Level Femtosecond Pulses at Multi-Megahertz Repetition Rate (2019)

Ever shorter, more broadband and higher peak power laser sources at high repetition rates are in strong demand, as they can benefit researches such as nonlinear spectroscopy. The all-bulk spectral broadening approach, arranged for example as a multi-pass cell, has seen rapid development recently. The scheme involves self-phase modulation (SPM) and compression of high-power laser pulses, either emitted from MOPA-type systems [1] or oscillator devices [2]. In contrast to waveguides, the separation of nonlinear and dispersive elements allows extensive control over the net dispersion, making it particularly interesting for the realizing of different nonlinear effects, such as soliton Raman self-frequency shift (SRSFS) effect. In comparison to the symmetric broadening of SPM, SRSFS can generate a power-tunable, asymmetric red-shift [3]. This technique has frequently been applied in optical fibers at a nJ-level of pulse energy. Here we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first implementation of this process to high-energy (>1 μJ) pulses in a Herriott-type multi-pass cell (HC).
Factors impacting adherence to an exercise-based physical therapy program for individuals with low back pain (2022)

Background/Objective Exercise-based rehabilitation is a conservative management approach for individuals with low back pain. However, adherence rates for conservative management are often low and the reasons for this are not well described. The objective of this study was to evaluate predictors of adherence and patient-reported reasons for non-adherence after ceasing a supervised exercise-based rehabilitation program in individuals with low back pain. Design Retrospective observational study. Methods Data was retrospectively analyzed from 5 rehabilitation clinics utilizing a standardized exercise-based rehabilitation program. Baseline demographics, diagnosis and symptom specific features, visit number, and discontinuation profiles were quantified for 2,243 patients who underwent the program. Results Forty-three percent (43%) of participants were adherent to the program, with the majority (31.7%) discontinuing treatment prior to completion due to logistic and accessibility issues. Another 13.2% discontinued prior to the prescribed duration due to clinically significant improvements in pain and/or disability without formal discharge evaluation, whereas 8.3% did not continue due to lack of improvement. Finally, 6.0% were discharged for related and unrelated medical reasons including surgery. Individuals diagnosed with disc pathology were most likely to be adherent to the program. Limitations This study was a retrospective chart review with missing data for some variables. Future studies with a prospective design would increase quality of evidence. Conclusions The majority of individuals prescribed an in-clinic exercise-based rehabilitation program are non-adherent. Patient diagnosis was the most important predictor of adherence. For those who were not adherent, important barriers include personal issues, insufficient insurance authorization and lack of geographic accessibility.
A Facile Synthesis of Racemic 2-Aminomethyl-4-oxo-piperidine Intermediates (2003)

Abstract Facile access to the 2-substituted piperidine nucleus was achieved by a 3-component hetero Diels-Alder reaction. The use of an appropriately functionalized imine allowed the installation of a protecting group for both the piperidine and 2-position side chain nitrogens in one step. Also, by employing 2-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene, a reduction step was avoided, thus providing rapid entry into the piperidine core structure. This protocol led to the synthesis of some racemic 2-aminomethyl-4-oxo-piperidines; intermediates that were synthesized in multigram quantities. Keywords: Hetero Diels-Alder2-Aminomethyl 1-4-oxo-piperidine
Fatigue crack growth in epoxy polymer nanocomposites (2021)

The present paper describes detailed analyses of experimental data for the cyclic-fatigue behaviour of epoxy nanocomposite polymers. It has been shown that the data may be interpreted using the Hartman-Schijve relationship to yield a unique, 'master', linear relationship for each epoxy nanocomposite polymer. By fitting the experimental data to the Hartman-Schijve relationship, two key materials parameters may be deduced: (i) the term <i>A</i>, which may be thought of as the fatigue equivalent to the quasi-static value of the fracture energy, <i>G<sub>c</sub></i>, and (ii) the fatigue threshold value, [Formula: see text], below which no significant fatigue crack growth (FCG) occurs. It has then been established that the values of these parameters, together with the slope, <i>n</i>, and intercept, <i>D</i>, of the Hartman-Schijve master relationship, may be used (i) to compute the experimental results measured for the fatigue behaviour of the epoxy nanocomposite polymers, (ii) to understand the observed fracture and fatigue behaviour of these materials with respect to the structure of the epoxy nanocomposite polymers, and (iii) to deduce the 'upper-bound', i.e. 'worst-case', FCG rate curve which may be used by industry as a material development, material selection, design and service-life prediction tool when these epoxy nanocomposite polymers are used in engineering applications such as structural adhesives and/or as matrices in fibre-reinforced composites. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'A cracking approach to inventing new tough materials: fracture stranger than friction'.
The Artificial Pancreas (2014)

Over the past four decades, artificial pancreas (AP) research has progressed from bedside monitoring to clinical studies using combinations of commercially available devices that can be worn on the body. With the commercialization of the first subcutaneous insulin pump in 1983, and subcutaneous glucose sensor in 1999, a closed loop AP system that could be worn by subjects in their home environment became possible. Today, four insulin pump systems with glucose sensor feedback are commercially available, including one that automatically suspends insulin delivery at low glycemic levels. Current research and progress toward the commercialization of a fully closed loop AP system is presented.
Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Leakage in Multiple Enteric Inflammation Models in Chickens (2015)

Enteric inflammation models can help researchers' study methods to improve health and performance and evaluate various growth promoters and dietary formulations targeted to improve performance in poultry. Oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d; 3-5 kDa) and its pericellular mucosal epithelial leakage are an established marker to evaluate enteric inflammation in multiple species. The present study evaluated different methods to induce gut inflammation in poultry based on FITC-d leakage. Four independent experiments were completed with different inflammation treatment groups, and serum FITC-d and/or retention of FITC-d in GI tract were determined. In experiment 1 (n = 10 birds/treatment, broilers, processed at 14 days), groups included control (CON), dextran sodium sulfate (DSS; drinking water at 0.75%) and feed restriction (FRS; 24 h before processing). Experiment 2 (n = 14 birds/treatment, leghorns, processed at 7 days) included CON, DSS, FRS, and rye-based diet (RBD). In experiments 3 and 4 (n = 15 birds/treatment, broilers, processed at 7 days), groups were CON, DSS, high fat diet (HFD), FRS, and RBD. In all experiments, FRS and RBD treatments showed significantly higher serum FITC-d levels compared to the respective CON. This indicates that FRS and RBD results in disruption of the intact barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), resulting in increased gut permeability. DSS and HFD groups showed elevation of serum FITC-d levels although the magnitude of difference from respective CON was inconsistent between experiments. FRS was the only treatment which consistently showed elevated retention of FITC-d in GIT in all experiments. The results from present studies showed that FRS and RBD, based on serum FITC-d levels, can be robust models to induce gut leakage in birds in different age and species/strains.
Irreversible visual sensing of humidity using a cholesteric liquid crystal (2012)

Irreversible optical sensing of humidity by a doped cholesteric liquid crystal is achieved by using a thin film of nematic host E7 with a binaphthylorthosilicate ester as dopant (guest). The film changes its color from blue (to green to orange to red) to colorless when exposed to humidity as the dopant is hydrolyzed.
A forward model-based analysis of cardiovascular system identification methods (2000)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Surface Silicon Bridge Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (s-DBHi) (2022)

In a previous study, we have discussed a silicon bridge heterogeneous integration (HI) technology known as DBHi (Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration) where processor chips are directly bonded to silicon bridges using copper pillars. The bridge is thicker than the C4s and hence a trench is machined in the substrate to prevent interference. In this study, we eliminate the substrate trench by increasing the height of the C4s and decreasing the thickness of the bridge.
Lens-cementing technology used in optical systems of deep-ultroviolet wavelength regions (2007)

In this work, a newly developed optical lens cementing technology is reported. A fluoride material is used as an optical cement that can reduce damage from deep-ultraviolet (DUV) radiation. The degradation of transmittance and the surface quality of the cemented optical elements, including adhesive used for cementing, are evaluated after prolonged DUV irradiation. It is shown that with a 248-nm wavelength, this cement works quite well, up to 1000 h of operation, and the change in transmittance is negligible where average irradiation power is within 27 to 37 mW/cm2. Hence for all practical purposes, the use of this cement in microscope objectives is quite acceptable for 248-nm applications, thus confirming that this cementing technology is satisfactory and meets the performance requirement of DUV inspection systems.
Electronic System for Signal Transmission Inside Green Plant Body (2019)

This paper reports the achievements reached in the setup of a simple electrical communication inside a plant body. The approach comprises an electrical signal coupled into the plant body through a low-frequency communication signal. Different setups with the stem of a Prunus Bianco have been evaluated. From analog measurements, the optimum transmission frequency range has deemed to be 60-140 kHz. A setup for the digital communication, with an impulse-based approach (Synchronized On-Off Keying, S-OOK, modulation) and a bit rate of 50 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kb/s</sup> , has been tested; bit error rate has been estimated to be negligible.
Small-molecule inhibitors of FABP4/5 ameliorate dyslipidemia but not insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity (2011)

Fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and FABP5 are two closely related FA binding proteins expressed primarily in adipose tissue and/or macrophages. The small-molecule FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 was previously reported to improve insulin sensitivity in leptin-deficient Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) (ob/ob) mice. However, this compound was not extensively characterized in the more physiologically relevant animal model of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel series of FABP4/5 dual inhibitors represented by Compounds 1-3. Compared with BMS309403, the compounds had significant in vitro potency toward both FABP4 and FABP5. In cell-based assays, Compounds 2 and 3 were more potent than BMS309403 to inhibit lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in primary human adipocytes. They also inhibited MCP-1 release from THP-1 macrophages as well as from primary human macrophages. When chronically administered to DIO mice, BMS309403 and Compound 3 reduced plasma triglyceride and free FA levels. Compound 3 reduced plasma free FAs at a lower dose level than BMS309403. However, no significant change was observed in insulin, glucose, or glucose tolerance. Our results indicate that the FABP4/5 inhibitors ameliorate dyslipidemia but not insulin resistance in DIO mice.
Reduced SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes in Syrian hamsters receiving immune sera: Quantitative image analysis in pathologic assessments (2022)

There is a need to standardize pathologic endpoints in animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to help benchmark study quality, improve cross-institutional comparison of data, and assess therapeutic efficacy so that potential drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly advance. The Syrian hamster model is a tractable small animal model for COVID-19 that models clinical disease in humans. Using the hamster model, the authors used traditional pathologic assessment with quantitative image analysis to assess disease outcomes in hamsters administered polyclonal immune sera from previously challenged rhesus macaques. The authors then used quantitative image analysis to assess pathologic endpoints across studies performed at different institutions using different tissue processing protocols. The authors detail pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection longitudinally and use immunohistochemistry to quantify myeloid cells and T lymphocyte infiltrates during SARS-CoV-2 infection. High-dose immune sera protected hamsters from weight loss and diminished viral replication in tissues and reduced lung lesions. Cumulative pathology scoring correlated with weight loss and was robust in distinguishing IgG efficacy. In formalin-infused lungs, quantitative measurement of percent area affected also correlated with weight loss but was less robust in non-formalin-infused lungs. Longitudinal immunohistochemical assessment of interstitial macrophage infiltrates showed that peak infiltration corresponded to weight loss, yet quantitative assessment of macrophage, neutrophil, and CD3+ T lymphocyte numbers did not distinguish IgG treatment effects. Here, the authors show that quantitative image analysis was a useful adjunct tool for assessing SARS-CoV-2 treatment outcomes in the hamster model.
Bare carbon electrodes as simple and efficient sensors for the quantification of caffeine in commercial beverages (2018)

Food quality control is a mandatory task in the food industry and relies on the availability of simple, cost-effective and stable sensing platforms. In the present work, the applicability of bare glassy carbon electrodes for routine analysis of food samples was evaluated as a valid alternative to chromatographic techniques, using caffeine as test analyte. A number of experimental parameters were optimized and a differential pulse voltammetry was applied for quantification experiments. The detection limit was found to be 2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> M (3σ criterion) and repeatability was evaluated by the relative standard deviation of 4.5%. The influence of sugars, and compounds structurally related to caffeine on the current response of caffeine was evaluated and found to have no significant influence on the electrode performance. The suitability of bare carbon electrodes for routine analysis was successfully demonstrated by quantifying caffeine content in seven commercially available drinks and the results were validated using a standard ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method. This work demonstrates that bare glassy carbon electrodes are a simple, reliable and cost-effective platform for rapid analysis of targets such as caffeine in commercial products and they represent therefore a competitive alternative to the existing analytical methodologies for routine food analysis.
Supplementary Figure 3 from CpG Island Methylator Phenotype–Positive Tumors in the Absence of <i>MLH1</i> Methylation Constitute a Distinct Subset of Duodenal Adenocarcinomas and Are Associated with Poor Prognosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 428K, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of overall survival in 99 patients with duodenal adenocarcinomas by (A) age, (B) stage, and (C) MSI status.&lt;/p&gt;
A Study on the Influence of Sensors in Frequency and Time Domains on Context Recognition (2023)

Adaptive AI for context and activity recognition remains a relatively unexplored field due to difficulty in collecting sufficient information to develop supervised models. Additionally, building a dataset for human context activities "in the wild" demands time and human resources, which explains the lack of public datasets available. Some of the available datasets for activity recognition were collected using wearable sensors, since they are less invasive than images and precisely capture a user's movements in time series. However, frequency series contain more information about sensors' signals. In this paper, we investigate the use of feature engineering to improve the performance of a Deep Learning model. Thus, we propose using Fast Fourier Transform algorithms to extract features from frequency series instead of time series. We evaluated our approach on the ExtraSensory and WISDM datasets. The results show that using Fast Fourier Transform algorithms to extract features performed better than using statistics measures to extract features from temporal series. Additionally, we examined the impact of individual sensors on identifying specific labels and proved that incorporating more sensors enhances the model's effectiveness. On the ExtraSensory dataset, the use of frequency features outperformed that of time-domain features by 8.9 p.p., 0.2 p.p., 39.5 p.p., and 0.4 p.p. in Standing, Sitting, Lying Down, and Walking activities, respectively, and on the WISDM dataset, the model performance improved by 1.7 p.p., just by using feature engineering.
A DMOSFET having a cell array field ring for improving avalanche capability (2002)

A DMOSFET having a cell array field ring for improving avalanche capability is described. When shrinking the cell size of the DMOSFET, the cell array field ring is effective for unifying the power dissipation over the chip surface during avalanche breakdown. The power dissipation of this durable DMOSFET is uniform over the chip surface during avalanche breakdown. Its avalanche failure power is around 127 W/mm/sup 2/ for a 1-ms pulse width and tends toward a tau /sup -1/2/ dependence. A failure mechanism during avalanche breakdown is also studied. The critical failure temperature of this DMOSFET is only 50 K lower than the intrinsic temperature for the N-drain regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High temperature–high pressure thermal conductivity of argon (1979)

A conductivity column-type apparatus was built and tested for measuring the thermal conductivities of gases at high temperatures and at high pressures. Two columns of different lengths were used in order to minimize end effects. The temperature and pressure limits were established below which multicellular convection cells did not form inside the column. The thermal conductivities of argon were measured in the temperature range 400 to 750 K and in the pressure range 0.1 to 8 MPa. The data were correlated by the expression where a=0.2678×10−3, b=0.7401, A=0.2839×10−4, B =0.1650×10−4, C=−0.1065×10−6, p0=0.1 MPa, and λ is in W m−1 K−1, T in K, and P in MPa. The thermal conductivity values obtained were compared with (1) existing data, (2) with results of viscosity measurements by means of the Eucken factor, and (3) with theoretical predictions based on a model for nonattracting rigid spherical molecules.
Control of Electrons’ Spin Eliminates Hydrogen Peroxide Formation During Water Splitting (2017)

The production of hydrogen through water splitting in a photoelectrochemical cell suffers from an overpotential that limits the efficiencies. In addition, hydrogen-peroxide formation is identified as a competing process affecting the oxidative stability of photoelectrodes. We impose spin-selectivity by coating the anode with chiral organic semiconductors from helically aggregated dyes as sensitizers; Zn-porphyrins and triarylamines. Hydrogen peroxide formation is dramatically suppressed, while the overall current through the cell, correlating with the water splitting process, is enhanced. Evidence for a strong spin-selection in the chiral semiconductors is presented by magnetic conducting (mc-)AFM measurements, in which chiral and achiral Zn-porphyrins are compared. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanism of spin selectivity in multiple electron-transfer reactions and pave the way toward better chiral dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells.
Emerging Fungal Diseases (2005)

The epidemiology of invasive fungal infection is evolving. Yeasts other than Candida albicans and molds other than Aspergillus fumigatus have emerged as significant causes of invasive mycoses in severely immunocompromised patients. Although, in some instances, these changes may be related to medical interventions, such as the use of antifungal agents in prophylaxis, in the majority of cases, they seem to be a consequence of changes in the host, such as more-severe immunosuppression or different types of immunosuppression impacting both risk periods and the infections that occur. These factors have altered the epidemiology of infection in organ transplant recipients, premature newborns, and critically ill patients. This review discusses the epidemiology of some fungal infections that have emerged in the past few years, with an emphasis on the potential factors associated with their emergence and on practical implications of these epidemiological changes.
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Effects in Free‐Radical Reactions. Homolytic Heteroaromatic Substitutions by Alkyl Bromides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of Hydration and Conformational Changes in Adsorption Dynamics of Ethyl(Hydroxyethyl)cellulose at the Air/Solution Interface (1998)

Previous studies have discussed the kinetics involved in the reduction in surface tension of ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) at the air/aqueous solution interface in terms of configuration changes involved in the transfer of individual polymer segments between soluted and adsorbed states. It was suggested that the process kinetics were governed by a substantially high activation barrier. In the present study, based on molecular mechanic simulations, it is shown that a nearly activation-free path between configurations exists for EHEC due to the extreme flexibility of the polymer chain. Hence, the relatively slow kinetics of the process should rather be attributed to a stepwise transformation between conformations which is expressed as a sequence of elementary processes involving a considerable number of intermediate isomers. This occurs over an extended time period. Also, the configuration changes involved in the uncoiling of the polymer at the interface are related to the hydration effects.