gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ischemic preconditioning and Na+/H+ exchange inhibition limit intra-myocyte Na+ gain from ischemia-reperfusion injury (2000)

Goldberg, Steven P M.D.; Digerness, Stanley B Ph.D.; Skinner, Jonathan L M.D.; Killingsworth, Cheryl R D.V.M., Ph.D.; Melnick, Sharon B.S.; Katholi, Charles Ph.D.; Ideker, Raymond E M.D., Ph.D.; Holman, William L M.D. Author Information
Eyes on the road, hands on the wheel (2007)

The increasing quantity and complexity of in-vehicle systems creates a demand for user interfaces which are suited to driving. The steering wheel is a common location for the placement of buttons to control navigation, entertainment, and environmental systems, but what about a small touchpad? To investigate this question, we embedded a Synaptics StampPad in a computer game steering wheel and evaluated seven methods for selecting from a list of over 3000 street names. Selection speed was measured while stationary and while driving a simulator. Results show that the EdgeWrite gestural text entry method is about 20% to 50% faster than selection-based text entry or direct list-selection methods. They also show that methods with slower selection speeds generally resulted in faster driving speeds. However, with EdgeWrite, participants were able to maintain their speed and avoid incidents while selecting and driving at the same time. Although an obvious choice for constrained input, on-screen keyboards generally performed quite poorly.
Experimental demonstration of 16-Gbit/s millimeter-wave communications link using thin metamaterial plates to generate data-carrying orbital-angular-momentum beams (2015)

We present the design and performance characterization of a thin metamaterial plate for generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of a millimeter-wave beam, which can carry independent data streams over the same physical medium. The plate has a thickness of 1.56 mm, and consists of 3.06 × 0.68 mm rectangular apertures with spatial variant orientations. It generates OAM beams l = +1 and l = +3 with mode purity larger than 77.5% over a bandwidth of 6 GHz (25-31 GHz). We then use these streams to experimentally demonstrate a 16-Gbit/s millimeter-wave wireless communications link using two multiplexed OAM modes, each carrying a 2-Gbaud 16-QAM signal. A channel crosstalk less than -20 dB over a bandwidth of 4 GHz (26-30 GHz) and biterror-rates (BER) less than 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> are achieved.
In vivodevelopment of retinal ON-bipolar cell axonal terminals visualized innyx::MYFPtransgenic zebrafish (2006)

Axonal differentiation of retinal bipolar cells has largely been studied by comparing the morphology of these interneurons in fixed tissue at different ages. To better understand how bipolar axonal terminals develop in vivo, we imaged fluorescently labeled cells in the zebrafish retina using time-lapse confocal and two photon microscopy. Using the upstream regulatory sequences from the nyx gene that encodes nyctalopin, we constructed a transgenic fish in which a subset of retinal bipolar cells express membrane targeted yellow fluorescent protein (MYFP). Axonal terminals of these YFP-labeled bipolar cells laminated primarily in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer, suggesting that they are likely to be ON-bipolar cells. Transient expression of MYFP in isolated bipolar cells indicates that two or more subsets of bipolar cells, with one or two terminal boutons, are labeled. Live imaging of YFP-expressing bipolar cells in the nyx::MYFP transgenic fish at different ages showed that initially, filopodial-like structures extend and retract from their primary axonal process throughout the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Over time, filopodial exploration becomes concentrated at discrete foci prior to the establishment of large terminal boutons, characteristic of the mature form. This sequence of axonal differentiation suggests that synaptic targeting by bipolar cell axons may involve an early process of trial and error, rather than a process of directed outgrowth and contact. Our observations represent the first in vivo visualization of axonal development of bipolar cells in a vertebrate retina.
Abstract A45: The prolyl isomerase Pin1 interacts with a ribosomal protein S6 kinase to enhance insulin-induced AP-1 activity and cellular transformation (2009)

Abstract Phosphorylation of proteins on serine or threonine residues that immediately precede proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) is specifically catalyzed by the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 and is a central signaling mechanism in cell proliferation and transformation. Although Pin1 is frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the molecular mechanism of Pin1 in HCC has not been completely elucidated. Here, we show that Pin1 interacts with p70S6K in vitro and ex vivo. Overexpression of Pin1 resulted in enhanced p70S6K phosphorylation induced by insulin in SK-HEP-1 cells. In contrast, Pin1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited significantly decreased insulin-induced p70S6K phosphorylation compared to Pin1+/+ MEFs. Furthermore, Pin1 enhanced the insulin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation through its interaction with p70S6K, whereas the inhibition of p70S6K activity by rapamycin suppressed insulin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in SK-HEP-1 cells. Hence, Pin1 affected AP-1 activity through p70S6K-ERK1/2 signaling in SK-HEP-1 cells. Most importantly, Pin1-overexpressing JB6 Cl41 cells enhanced neoplastic cell transformation promoted by insulin much more than GFP-overexpressing JB6 Cl41 control cells. These results imply that Pin1 amplifies insulin signaling in hepatocarcinoma cells through its interaction with p70S6K, suggesting that Pin1 plays an important role in insulin-induced tumorigenesis and is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocarcinoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A45.
Study of heavy metal concentrations in shale deposits of Irankouh Mine (Southwest of Isfahan) (2017)

Introduction: Irankuh Pb-Zn mine is located in 20 km SW of Isfahan in the Zayandehrud river drainage basin. Shale and carbonate are host rocks of the ore deposits. High concentration of Pb and Zn formed ore complex in these rocks. Weathering and erosion of the host rocks of ore deposits, waste water and waste material arising from mining have made potential for pollution of running water, ground water and agriculture soils by the heavy metals. The main objectives of this investigation were to study the total concentration of Zn, Pb, Ni,Cu, Co, Ag, and Cd in the shale deposits of the mine and physicochemical factors on their distribution and pollution. Materials and methods: For measuring heavy metals values, twenty samples were taken from the shale deposits. For distinguishing the shale forming minerals, thin sections were prepared and studied by polarizing microscope. The rock forming clay minerals, after preliminary treatments (heating at 550oc, ethylene glycol solvation), were detected by XRD. Organic carbon, calcium carbonate and Eh/pH of the shales were measured. Heavy metals values in the sample were measured by AAS after mineralization. Correlation coefficient of organic carbon and Mn with metals and also metals-metals were calculated. For comparison of the heavy metal concentration relative to their natural amount (in shale), enrichment factor was applied. Results and discussion: The dark grey to olive colored shales in the studied area consist of clay to fine silt size. Quartz, biotite, muscovite, feldspar and clay minerals are the non-opaque minerals of the shales. The clay minerals are illit (60-70%), kaolinite (9-27%) and chlorite (7-22%) respectively. Sphalerite, pyrite and galena are the main opaque minerals of the mine. The mean OC content of the shale is about 2% (0.35-5.5%) and less than 1% calcium carbonate. The pH of the samples is nearly neutral (6.8-7.8) and they have an oxidizing to nearly reducing Eh (18 to -100 v). Conclusion: The average concentration of heavy metals in the shales are Zn=128.05>Pb=42.55> Ni=35.24> Cu=24.18> Co=7.4> Ag=3.33> Cd=0.79 in ppm, respectively. Highly positive correlation between Ag-Pb-Cd, Cd-Zn-Pb and Co-Ni-Mn and also positive correlation between Zn with organic carbon show geochemical convenient conditions for concentration of the metals. The calculated enrichment factor has revealed extremely high enrichment for Ag and average for Cd. Other elements are depleted in the sediments. Due to relative high concentration of the metals and their extent of the shales in the study area, activation of the heavy metals in suitable conditions can be a potential source for environmental contamination in the groundwater and runoff water of the basin.
Evaluation of VHF-FM Shore-Based Direction Finding Triangulation System in Massachusetts Bay Area (1983)

The evaluation consisted of the following phases: (1) System definition and site selection; System calibration; Operational evaluation; Cost/benefit analysis. It was concluded that properly implemented shore-based direction finding systems in either single line-of-bearing of triangulation configurations are valuable potential tools in accomplishment of SAR mission requirements.
SHIELD: A Novel NFV-based Cybersecurity Framework (2017)

SHIELD is an EU-funded project, targeting at the design and development of a novel cybersecurity framework, which offers security-as-a-Service in an evolved telco environment. The SHIELD framework leverages NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) and SDN (Software-Defined Networking) for virtualization and dynamic placement of virtualised security appliances in the network (virtual Network Security Functions – vNSFs), Big Data analytics for real-time incident detection and mitigation, as well as attestation techniques for securing both the infrastructure and the services. This papers discusses key use cases and requirements for the SHIELD framework and presents a high-level architectural approach.
Session 10 Solid state devices &#8212; High voltage devices and power FETs (1982)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings.
vFaat: von Neumann Formal Analysis and Annotation Tool (2003)

Formal verification can be used to establish important properties of critical systems. However, applying formal methods to a low-level implementation of a complex system is a daunting challenge, in part because extracting abstract functionality from a specific implementation is tedious. Automating such efforts by placing them under computer control helps free the user to focus on the essence of the verification problem.
Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Essential for Heme Homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans (2010)

Heme is a cofactor in proteins that function in almost all sub-cellular compartments and in many diverse biological processes. Heme is produced by a conserved biosynthetic pathway that is highly regulated to prevent the accumulation of heme--a cytotoxic, hydrophobic tetrapyrrole. Caenorhabditis elegans and related parasitic nematodes do not synthesize heme, but instead require environmental heme to grow and develop. Heme homeostasis in these auxotrophs is, therefore, regulated in accordance with available dietary heme. We have capitalized on this auxotrophy in C. elegans to study gene expression changes associated with precisely controlled dietary heme concentrations. RNA was isolated from cultures containing 4, 20, or 500 microM heme; derived cDNA probes were hybridized to Affymetrix C. elegans expression arrays. We identified 288 heme-responsive genes (hrgs) that were differentially expressed under these conditions. Of these genes, 42% had putative homologs in humans, while genomes of medically relevant heme auxotrophs revealed homologs for 12% in both Trypanosoma and Leishmania and 24% in parasitic nematodes. Depletion of each of the 288 hrgs by RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in a transgenic heme-sensor worm strain identified six genes that regulated heme homeostasis. In addition, seven membrane-spanning transporters involved in heme uptake were identified by RNAi knockdown studies using a toxic heme analog. Comparison of genes that were positive in both of the RNAi screens resulted in the identification of three genes in common that were vital for organismal heme homeostasis in C. elegans. Collectively, our results provide a catalog of genes that are essential for metazoan heme homeostasis and demonstrate the power of C. elegans as a genetic animal model to dissect the regulatory circuits which mediate heme trafficking in both vertebrate hosts and their parasites, which depend on environmental heme for survival.
Automatic Test-Case Derivation and Execution in Industrial Control (2015)

In industrial control, system failures can be highly dan-gerous and expensive. To avoid them, much time and money is spent in testing the systems, and this occurs mostly manually. Model-based testing is a forthcoming and promising technique to automate the testing process, as it allows the automatic generation and execution of test-cases. It assumes the system under test to be a black-box, implying that the system is only accessible via inputs and outputs. Thus, model-based testing can be ideally ap-plied to function blocks. This paper presents our first steps in applying model-based testing in industrial control, and includes a case study on a simple motor controller. 1.
Coal fly ash: Linking immersion freezing behavior and physico-chemical particle properties (2018)

Abstract. To date, only a few studies have investigated the potential of coal ﬂy ash particles to trigger heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud droplets. The presented measurements aim at expanding the sparse dataset and improving process understanding of how physico-chemical particle properties inﬂuence the freezing behavior of coal ﬂy ash particles immersed in water. Firstly, immersion freezing measurements were performed with two single particle techniques, i.e., the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator and the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei. The effect of suspension time on the efﬁciency of the coal ﬂy ash particles when immersed in a cloud droplet is analyzed based on the different residence times of the two instruments and employing both dry and wet particle generation. Secondly, two cold stage setups, one using microliter sized droplets (Leipzig Ice Nucleation Array) and one using nanoliter sized droplets (Weizman Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray setup) were applied. We found that coal ﬂy ash particles are comparable to mineral dust in their immersion freezing behavior when being dry-generated. However, a signiﬁcant decrease in immersion freezing efﬁciency was observed during experiments with wet-generated particles in LACIS and SPIN. The efﬁciency of wet-generated particles is in agreement with the cold stage measurements. In order to understand the reason behind the deactivation, a series of chemical composition, morphology, and crystallography analyses (single particle mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis) was performed with dry- and wet-generated particles. From these investigations, we conclude that anhydrous CaSO4 and CaO, which, if investigated in pure form, show the same qualitative immersion freezing behavior as observed for dry-generated coal ﬂy ash particles, contribute to triggering heterogeneous ice nucleation at the particle-water interface. The observed deactivation in contact with water is related to changes of the particle surface propertieswhich are potentially caused by hydration of CaSO4 and CaO. The contribution of coal ﬂy ash to the ambient population of ice nucleating particles therefore depends on whether and for how long particles are immersed in cloud droplets.
Read QC Workflow (2014)

A workflow for QC-ing reads as per Monaghan et al
Short-wavelength laser diodes based on AlInAs/AlGaAs self-assembled quantum dots (2000)

Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) of highly strained InAlAs have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy in separate-confinement p–i–n heterostructures on (001) GaAs substrates. Results from a systematic study of samples with varying amounts of deposited material relates the observed emission peaks with QD levels, wetting layer states, or barrier materials. For samples with high-QD concentration, lasing is observed in the upper-QD shells. A sample with contact layers improving carrier and optical confinement operates up to room temperature and displays lowered threshold current densities. A threshold current density of ∼4 A/cm2 is measured for this structure at T=5 K and continuous-wave operation is obtained up to T∼77 K. A material gain larger than 1.7×104 cm−1 is measured for this single-layer structure. Lasing is observed in the upper-QD shells for small gain media, and progresses towards the QD lower states for longer cavity lengths representing an emission shift of 45 meV. A minor dependence of the threshold on QD density is found for samples having densities between 20 and hundreds of QDs per micron squared. For samples with multiple QD layers displaying vertical self-assembling, an increase in the emission linewidth is observed compared with single-layer samples and multilayer samples with uncorrelated growth.
Multi-DOF model-based force control for telerobotic applications (2010)

For a wide range of telerobotic applications, the slave device needs to be a large, powerful, industrial type robot in order to achieve the desired tasks. Due to the large frictional forces within the gearing of such robots, a force-feedback controller is necessary to precisely control the forces the robot applies when manipulating its environment. This paper proves passivity, and therefore guarantees stability, of a model-based force controller in one degree of freedom (DOF) when subject to viscous and Coulomb friction. The controller is then expanded to muli-DOF systems. In addition to maintaining the robustness of the 1-DOF controller, the multi-DOF controller provides additional freedom to design the closed loop dynamics of the robot. This freedom allows the control designer the ability to shape and optimize how the system feels from a users perspective. The robustness of the controller is experimentally validated and the freedom to modify the closed loop dynamics is explored using a 2-DOF device.
Root Cause of Black Pad Failure of Solder Joints with Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold Plating (2006)

Publications on the so called black pad defect, seen in electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) surface finishes, often cite high phosphorous (P) content in the nickel (Ni) plating as a key factor in the defect. Therefore, one proposed solution is to decrease the P content in the electroless Ni plating. In a contrary approach, some researchers propose a high P content to avoid the black pad defect. In the present work, the solder reaction with ENIG plating and the resulting interfacial structures were studied. Focused ion beam (FIB) was used to polish the cross sections to reveal details of the microstructure of the ENIG plated pad with and without soldering. High speed pull testing of solder joints was performed to expose the pad surface. Results of SEM/EDX analysis of the cross sections and fractured pad surfaces support the suggestion in the literature that black pad is the result of galvanic hyper-corrosion of the plated electroless Ni by the gold (Au) plating bath. High P content in the fractured surface on the pad side is not the signature of black pad. New criteria are proposed for diagnosing black pad in ENIG
Biosynthesis of reverse transcriptase from Rauscher murine leukemia virus by synthesis and cleavage of a gag-pol read-through viral precursor polyprotein (1978)

Reverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase) from Rauscher leukemia virus is synthesized in infected cells by way of a read-through poly- rotein of 200,000 molecular weight. This polyprotein (Pr200(gag-pol)) was precipitated by antiserum to RT; in a previous study all the monospecific antisera to gag proteins recognized Pr200(gag-pol). Pr200(gag-pol) contains both p30 and RT peptide sequences. Intermediate RT-related precursors of 145,000 (Pr145(pol)), 135,000 (Pr135(pol)), and 125,000 (Pr125(pol)) molecular weights were specifically recognized by precipitation from infected cell extracts by antiserum to RT. These proteins shared methionine-containing tryptic peptide sequences with a virion polypeptide of 80,000 molecular weight (p80(pol)) precipitate by antiserum to RT. Purification of active RT enzyme from virions labeled with [(3)H]methionine showed that p80(pol) was the major component, based on analysis by gel electrophoresis and tryptic peptide mapping experiments. A polypeptide (Pr80(pol)), similar in size to mature viral p80(pol), was also precipitated from infected cells by antiserum to RT. Its peptide map was nearly identical to that of virion p80(pol). Pulse-chase studies showed that Pr80(pol), Pr125(pol), and Pr135(pol) were stable polypeptides, whereas Pr200(gag-pol) and Pr145(pol) were unstable precursors. Pulse-chase studies with the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, showed that the processing of Pr200(gag-pol) occurred for a short time in the absence of protein synthesis.
Increased beta-catenin mRNA levels and mutational alterations of the APC and beta-catenin gene are present in intestinal-type gastric cancer (2002)

Beta-catenin is critical for intercellular adhesion and also plays a role as a transcription activating protein in the Wnt signalling pathway. Increased protein levels and mutation of the beta-catenin gene have been demonstrated in various cancers; however, the role of beta-catenin in gastric cancer remains largely unknown. Using gastric cancer tissues and normal adjacent gastric mucosa obtained from 20 patients with gastric cancer (eight diffuse-type, 12 intestinal-type) undergoing gastric resection or endoscopy, we assessed the expression of beta-catenin by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR analysis. Furthermore, the tumour suppressor gene APC, which down-regulates the beta-catenin levels was analysed for mutations. Overall mRNA levels of beta-catenin were significantly increased in the tumour samples compared with the matched normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). Increased beta-catenin mRNA levels were significantly more frequent in intestinal-type gastric cancers as compared to diffuse-type gastric cancers (P < 0.01). Six out of 20 tumours exhibited >6-fold increased beta-catenin mRNA levels as compared with normal mucosa. APC gene mutations were found in four cases. A beta-catenin gene mutation was identified only in one intestinal-type gastric cancer exhibiting a massive overexpression of beta-catenin mRNA in the tumour. In intestinal-type gastric cancers beta-catenin mRNA levels are greatly enhanced. APC and beta-catenin gene mutations are also present primarily in intestinal-type gastric cancers. These findings support the hypothesis that in intestinal-type gastric cancers the accumulation of beta-catenin protein may result from impaired degradation of the beta-catenin protein due to alterations of the beta-catenin and APC genes, as well as from enhanced beta-catenin transcription which is present in the great majority of intestinal-type gastric cancers.