gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Options for Inactivation, Adjuvant, and Route of Topical Administration of a Killed, Unencapsulated Pneumococcal Whole-Cell Vaccine (2010)

We previously reported that ethanol-killed cells of a noncapsulated strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, given intranasally with cholera toxin as an adjuvant, protect rats against pneumonia and mice against colonization of the nasopharynx and middle ear by capsulated pneumococci of various serotypes. The acceleration of pneumococcal clearance from the nasopharynx in mice is CD4+ T cell-dependent and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) mediated and can be antibody independent. Here, anticipating human studies, we have demonstrated protection with a new vaccine strain expressing a nonhemolytic derivative of pneumolysin and grown in bovine-free culture medium. Killing the cells with chloroform, trichloroethylene, or beta-propiolactone--all used without postinactivation washing--produced more-potent immunogens than ethanol, and retention of soluble components released from the cells contributed to protection. Two sequential intranasal administrations of as little as 1 microg of protein (total of cellular and soluble combined) protected mice against nasopharyngeal challenge with pneumococci. Nontoxic single and double mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin were effective as mucosal adjuvants. Protection was induced by the sublingual and buccal routes, albeit requiring larger doses than when given intranasally. Protection was likewise induced transdermally with sonicates of the killed-cell preparation. Thus, this whole-cell antigen can be made and administered in a variety of ways to suit the manufacturer and the vaccination program and is potentially a solution to the need for a low-cost vaccine to reduce the burden of childhood pneumococcal disease in low-income countries.
<title>Real-time implementation of auto white balancing and auto exposure on the TI DSC platform</title> (2002)

This paper presents the real-time implementation of an auto- white-balancing and an auto-exposure algorithm on the TI TMS320DSC21 platform. This platform is a power-efficient single-chip processor that has been specifically designed for digital still cameras. Its architecture consists of five subsystems including an ARM micro-controller, a DSP core, a memory subsystem, two co-processors, and an imaging peripherals subsystem. Due to the memory constraints, the algorithms were modified to allow their real-time implementation of the processor, i.e. a processing rate of 30 frames per second. These modifications are discussed in the paper. The details of the algorithms are reported in an accompanying paper presented in the SPIE conference 4669B.
Optical Index Prism Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging in Gas Phase: Experiment versus Theory (2020)

Recent advances in SPR imaging detection in the gas phase have led to the development of an optoelectronic nose (opto-eN) requiring the need for optical sensitivity characterization of such devices. Understanding the optical contributions will have an implicit relevance to sensitivity enhancement of SPR imaging in the gas phase valuable to improving the performance of opto-eN and potentially opening new applications as gas sensors. In this paper, we analyzed the optical contributions to the sensitivity of the SPR imaging prisms and potential insights into their contributing factors. We established a characterization method for the SPR prism sensitivity that is independent of the carrier gas considered. Then, by using this sensitivity parameter, the influence of two different kinds of adhesive layers, Cr and Ti, of the gold coated-prisms was studied. Furthermore, we considered a theoretical model to rationalize our experimental results, which demonstrated the relevance of surface topography to the optical index sensitivity. Those surface topographies were characterized experimentally and were implemented in the model free from any additional fitting parameters using a modified Maxwell–Garnett theory. Finally, the model was shown to predictively assess the experimentally measured effects of temperature on the prism sensitivity.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Aug 2008Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.093AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 180(2), p. 779 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 180Issue 2August 2008Page: 779 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
A New Paradigm of T Cell Allergy: Requirement for the B–1 Cell Subset (1999)

These findings indicate that the B-1 subset producing Ag-specific IgM is required early in CS to activate C, to induce vasoactive mediators that initiate local T recruitment.
Monolithic integration of chalcogenide glass/iron garnet waveguides and resonators for on-chip nonreciprocal photonic devices (2011)

We report monolithic integration of chalcogenide glass(ChG)/iron garnet waveguides and racetrack resonators on silicon for on-chip nonreciprocal photonic devices applications. Using a two step growth strategy, we successfully integrated phase pure Bi<sub>0.8</sub>Y<sub>2.2</sub>Fe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (Bi0.8YIG), Bi<sub>1.8</sub>Y<sub>1.2</sub>Fe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (Bi1.8YIG) and Ce<sub>1</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (CeYIG) polycrystalline thin films on silicon with low fabrication thermal budgets. Strip-loaded ChG/Iron garnet waveguides and racetrack resonators were fabricated by thermal evaporation and lift off. The waveguide loss was systematically characterized by cutback and paperclip methods. For the first time, the optical transmission loss of polycrystalline Bi or Ce doped garnets were evaluated at communication wavelengths in waveguides. Polycrystalline CeYIG films show a saturation Faraday rotation of -830deg/cm and transmission loss of &#126;40dB/cm at 1550nm, which is promising for on-chip nonreciprocal photonic device applications. Such waveguide structures were successfully incorporated in GeS<sub>2</sub>/Bi0.8YIG racetrack resonators which show well defined resonance spectrum at near infrared wavelength. The nonreciprocal phase shift (NRPS) and device figure of merit of the ChG/Garnet waveguides were simulated by numerical methods. Possible improvements and applications of such devices for integrated optical isolator applications are analyzed and discussed.
Identification of Delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐Malonyl)‐β‐glucoside‐3′‐O‐β‐glucoside, a Postulated Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Ternatin C5 in the Blue Petals of Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly Pea) (2004)

Ternatins are blue anthocyanins found in the petals of Clitoria ternata (butterfly pea). Among them, ternatin C5 (delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3',5'-di-O-beta-glucoside; 2) has the structure common to all the ternatins, which is characterized by its glucosylation pattern: a 3,3',5'-triglucosylated anthocyanidin. In the course of studying biosynthetic pathways of ternatins, the key enzymatic activities to produce ternatin C5 were discovered in a crude enzyme preparation from the petals of a blue petal line of C. ternatea. When this preparation was tested for activity against several delphinidin glycosides, delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3'-O-beta-glucoside (6), a postulated intermediate, was found in the reaction mixture, together with three known anthocyanins, which were spectroscopically structurally identified. As a result of structural identification, the following enzymatic activities were identified: UDP-glucose :delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3'-O-beta-glucoside 5'-O-glucosyltransferase (5'GT), UDP-glucose :delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside 3'-O-glucosyltransferase (3'GT), UDP-glucose :delphinidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and malonyl-CoA :delphinidin 3-O-beta-glucoside 6''-malonyltransferase. In a mauve petal line, which did not accumulate ternatins but delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside in its petal, there were neither 5'GT nor 3'GT activities. Thus, the early biosynthetic pathway of ternatins may be characterized by the stepwise transfer of two glucose residues to 3'- and 5'-position of delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside (1; Scheme) from UDP-glucose.
Spatial Modulation for Joint Radar-Communications Systems: Design, Analysis, and Hardware Prototype (2021)

Dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) systems implement radar and communication functionalities on a single platform. Jointly designing these subsystems can lead to substantial gains in performance as well as size, cost, and power consumption. In this paper, we propose a DFRC system, which utilizes generalized spatial modulation (GSM) to realize coexisting radar and communications waveforms. Our proposed GSM-based scheme, referred to as spatial modulation based communication-radar (SpaCoR) system, allocates antenna elements among the subsystems based on the transmitted message, thus achieving increased communication rates by embedding additional data bits in the antenna selection. We formulate the resulting signal models, and present a dedicated radar processing scheme. To evaluate the radar performance, we characterize the statistical properties of the transmit beam pattern. Then, we present a hardware prototype of the proposed DFRC system, demonstrating the feasibility of the scheme. Our results show that the proposed GSM system achieves improved communication performance compared to techniques utilizing fixed allocations operating at the same data rate. For the radar subsystem, our experiments show that the spatial agility induced by the GSM transmission improves the angular resolution and reduces the sidelobe level in the transmit beam pattern compared to using fixed antenna allocations.
ICG-based dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging guided open orthopaedic surgery: pilot patient study (2021)

Forty two patients with high energy open fractures were involved into the study to investigate whether an indocyanine green (ICG)-based dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging (DCE-FI) can be used to objectively assess bone perfusion and guide surgical debridement. For each patient, fluorescence images were recorded after 0.1 mg/kg of ICG was administered intravenously. By utilizing a bone-specific kinetic model to the video sequences, the perfusion-related metrics were calculated. The results of this study shown that the quantitative ICG-based DEC-FI can accurately assess the human bone perfusion during the orthopedic surgery.
Reconfigurable Reflectarray Using Addressable Metamaterials (2010)

We develop a reconfigurable reflectarray using digitally addressable complementary electric LC (CELC) metamaterials. The surface is composed of addressable CELC resonators, which are tuned to achieve a spatial gradient in the reflection coefficient phase angle. This gradient is used to deflect normally incident plane waves in a controlled nonspecular direction.
FACILE CONVERSION OF 1,3-DISUBSTITUTED THIOUREAS TO THE CORRESPONDING UREAS BY SUPEROXIDE RADICAL ANION (O2·−) IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (1984)

Abstract Treatment of 1,3-disubstituted thioureas with superoxide radical anion (O2·−) at 20 °C in dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in the formation of 1,3-disubstituted ureas in excellent yields. The desulfurization appears to proceed by the formation of peroxy-sulfur intermediates such as peroxy-sulfenate, -sulfinate and/or -sulfonate.
Robust Decentralized Federated Learning Using Collaborative Decisions (2022)

Federated Learning (FL) has attracted a lot of attention in numerous applications due to recent data privacy regulations and increased awareness about data handling issues, combined with the ever-increasing big-data sizes. This paper proposes a server-less, robust FL training mechanism that allows any set of participating data-owners to train a neural network (NN) model collaboratively without the assistance of any central node and while being resilient to Byzantine attacks. The proposed approach makes use of a dual-way update mechanism to allow each node to take a model forwarding decision towards a global collaborative decision of isolating any malicious updates. The efficiency of the proposed approach in detecting cardiac irregularities is verified using simulation results conducted based on the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Database electro-cardiogram (PTBDB ECG) dataset.
Periostin contributes to epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis common to atopic dermatitis (2014)

Periostin plays an important role during epidermal hyperplasia in IMQ-induced skin inflammation, independently of the IL-23-IL-17/IL-22 axis. Periostin appears to be a mediator for epidermal hyperplasia that is common to AD and psoriasis.
Prognostic significance of leptin (L) and leptin receptor (OB-R) expression in human breast cancer (BC) (2006)

20054 Background: L is a cytokine-like hormone that controls adipocyte mass and energy balance by binding to OB-R. Both L and OB-R have been implicated in carcinogenesis and were recently identified in human BC. The clinical significance of increased expression of L and OB-R in human BC is unclear. Methods: The anti-L rabbit (A-20) and anti-OB-R goat (M-18) polyclonal antibodies (ABs) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were applied in indirect immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Following antigen retrieval, ABs were reacted with 5 μm paraffin sections of tissue microarrays (TMAs). TMAs included 1mm cores of 316 women with operable BC and contained invasive cancer (IC), ductal carcinoma insitu (DCIS), surrounding histologically normal tissue (N) and nodal metastases (M). For L, nuclear (LN) and cytoplasmic (LC) staining were evaluated separately. For OB-R, one qualitative score (0, +1, +2, +3) was applied to each case. For analysis, 0, +1 were considered low and +2, +3 were considered high expression. Expression of LN, LC, and OB-R were evaluated with respect to clinicopathologic variables; disease free survival (DFS) and survival (S) were evaluated using Cox regression. Results: Median S and DFS were 11.4 and 10.1 years. Tissue from 113 patients with IC, 93 patients with N, 49 patients with M, and 36 patients with DCIS were evaluable for LC, LN and OB-R. OB-R expression was significantly higher in lobular vs. ductal carcinomas (p &lt; .001). Increased expression of LC, LN, or OB-R was not associated with aggressive pathologic features studied in IC and DCIS. On multivariate analysis, highest expression of LN (+3) in IC was significantly associated with poor survival, p = .038, HR 3.51 (1.07–11.51 95% CI). Strong expression of LN in N was also associated with decreased survival, p = .043, HR 8.43 (1.07, 66.30 95% CI). Strong expression of OB-R expression in N was significantly associated with increased DFS and S, p = .004, HR 0.21 (.07–0.61 95% CI) and p = .007, HR .29 (.11–.71 95% CI). Conclusions: In this limited study, LN appears to have a negative impact on survival in women with invasive BC when elevated in IC and N. Elevated levels of LR appear to have a protective effect when elevated in N. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these observations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
NAD turnover in microplasmodia of physarum polycephalum (1980)

The rate of NAD turnover in microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum was investigated using a double labeling technique with (14C)-adenine or adenosine and (3H)-nicotinamide. The half-life of an NAD molecule in Physarum was estimated to be 25 min, which is shorter than in either E. coli or human cell lines. The half-life of NAD in the presence of an inhibitor of NADase and poly ADPR synthase, 5-methylnicotinamide, was also investigated, but found to be indistinguishable from controls. The possible reasons for this and for the rapid turnover is discussed in the light of the known functions for NAD in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Supplementary Table 2 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2: ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnostic and procedure codes for inpatient cardiovascular-related endpoints and for the primary endpoints&lt;/p&gt;
Über Sauerstoffradikale, XI. Das 4‐Phenyl‐2.6‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyl‐(1) (1959)

Abstract Darstellung sowie physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften eines neuen stabilen Aroxyls. des 4‐Phenyl‐2.6‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyls‐(1) werden beschrieben. Die 4‐ständige Phenylgruppe dieses Aroxyls bedingt, verglichen mit 2.4.6‐Tri‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyl‐(1) und ähnlichen Verbindungen, einige Besonderheiten im reaktiven Verhalten dieses freien Radikals.
Oligonucleotides Containing G.cntdot.A Pairs: Effect of Flanking Sequences on Structure and Stability (1995)

Sixteen oligodeoxyribonucleotides, 5'd(GXGAYC)3', X and Y = G, A, C, or T, have been synthesized and studied by UV melting and 1H and 31P NMR methods. By varying X and Y, the sixteen resulting oligonucleotides can theoretically form 10 duplexes with all possible Watson-Crick base pairs flanking the center two G.A base pairs. Two-dimensional 1H NMR data on 5'd(GCGAGC)3' revealed that the center bases G and A pair through G amino hydrogen bonding and that the two consecutive G.A pairs form excellent purine-purine stacks. The concurrent appearance of one or more upfield-shifted imino proton peaks (approximately 10.5 ppm) and both upfield- and downfield- shifted 31P signals (approximately -2 and approximately -5.1 ppm) was a unique characteristic in imino 1H and 31P NMR spectra and was used as a conformational probe for this type of G.A pairs. Using this probe, seven out of 10 duplexes of 5'GXGAYC3' were found to adopt the G.A base pairing with G amino proton bonding and G to G and A to A base stacking. Three were in the group comprising 5'pyrimidine-GA-purine3', and four were in the group comprising 5'purine-GA-purine3'/5'pyrimidine-GA-pyrimidine3'. The G.A pairs in 5'purine-GA-pyrimidine3' adopted a totally different conformation. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that duplexes in the 5'pyrimidine-GA-purine3' group were more stable than the duplexes in the 5'purine-GA-pyrimidine3' group. Overall, G.C base pairs were preferred as neighbors to this type of G.A pairs.
Antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of Psidium guajava leaf extracts (2016)

Fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs rich in phenolics antioxidants contribute toward reduced risk of age-related diseases and cancer. In this study, Psidium guajava leaf extract was fractionated in various organic solvents viz. petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, ethanl and methanol and tested for their antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. Methanolic fraction showed maximum antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) as tested by DPPH free radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, FRAP (Fe3 + reducing power) and CUPRAC (cupric ions (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) reducing ability) assays. The fraction was analyzed for antimutagenic activities against sodium azide (NaN<sub>3</sub>), methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), 2-aminofluorene (2AF) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in Ames Salmonella tester strains. The methanol extracted fraction at 80 μg/ml concentration inhibited above 70% mutagenicity. Further, phytochemical analysis of methanol fraction that was found to be most active revealed the presence of nine major compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This data suggests that guava contains high amount of phenolics responsible for broad-spectrum antimutagenic and antioxidant properties in vitro and could be potential candidates to be explored as modern phytomedicine.
Selective α v β 3 -Receptor Blockade Reduces Macrophage Infiltration and Restenosis After Balloon Angioplasty in the Atherosclerotic Rabbit (2001)

Selective alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor blockade for 14 days after BA in the focally atherosclerotic rabbit significantly reduced restenosis and limited macrophage infiltration and neovascularization in the vessel wall.
Influence of the modulation method on the conduction and switching losses of a PWM converter system (1991)

The authors explore the dependency of the conduction losses of a bridge leg of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power converter system with a high pulse rate on the shape of the phase modulation functions. This is done for modulation methods that are optimized with respect to minimum harmonic current RMS values. The results are compared to the results gained for simple sinusoidal modulation. Besides conduction losses, the switching losses of the electric valves are calculated. The main topic is the determination of those power loss components of a PWM converter system that can be (besides the harmonic losses) influenced by the modulation method selected. As the calculations show, these modulation methods allow a significant increase of the effective switching frequency. The optimal modulation as calculated leads to a reduction of the harmonic power loss in the upper modulation region. Furthermore, due to the frequency modulation the spectrum is spread out to a wider frequency band as compared to operation with constant pulse frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prolyl endopeptidase-like is a (thio)esterase involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain function (2021)

Deficiency of the serine hydrolase prolyl endopeptidase-like (PREPL) causes a recessive metabolic disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and growth hormone deficiency. The pathophysiology of PREPL deficiency and the physiological substrates of PREPL remain largely unknown. In this study, we connect PREPL with mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative phosphorylation by analyzing its protein interactors. We demonstrate that the long PREPL<sub>L</sub> isoform localizes to mitochondria, whereas PREPL<sub>S</sub> remains cytosolic. <i>Prepl</i> KO mice showed reduced mitochondrial complex activities and disrupted mitochondrial gene expression. Furthermore, mitochondrial ultrastructure was abnormal in a PREPL-deficient patient and <i>Prepl</i> KO mice. In addition, we reveal that PREPL has (thio)esterase activity and inhibition of PREPL by Palmostatin M suggests a depalmitoylating function. We subsequently determined the crystal structure of PREPL, thereby providing insight into the mechanism of action. Taken together, PREPL is a (thio)esterase rather than a peptidase and PREPL<sub>L</sub> is involved in mitochondrial homeostasis.