gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CellTranspose: Few-shot Domain Adaptation for Cellular Instance Segmentation (2022)

Automated cellular instance segmentation is a process utilized for accelerating biological research for the past two decades, and recent advancements have produced higher quality results with less effort from the biologist. Most current endeavors focus on completely cutting the researcher out of the picture by generating highly generalized models. However, these models invariably fail when faced with novel data, distributed differently than the ones used for training. Rather than approaching the problem with methods that presume the availability of large amounts of target data and computing power for retraining, in this work we address the even greater challenge of designing an approach that requires minimal amounts of new annotated data as well as training time. We do so by designing specialized contrastive losses that leverage the few annotated samples very efficiently. A large set of results show that 3 to 5 annotations lead to models with accuracy that: 1) significantly mitigate the covariate shift effects; 2) matches or surpasses other adaptation methods; 3) even approaches methods that have been fully retrained on the target distribution. The adaptation training is only a few minutes, paving a path towards a balance between model performance, computing requirements and expert-level annotation needs.
Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Porous Aluminum of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy (2010)

Porous aluminum is a multifunctional material with lightweight and high energy absorption properties. In this study, using A1050 and A6061 (Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloy), functionally graded porous aluminum was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) route precursor method. First, A1050 and A6061 precursors were fabricated separately by FSP route. Next, these precursors were bonded by friction stir welding (FSW) and “composite graded precursor” was fabricated. Finally, precursor was heat-treated for foaming and A1050-A6061 functionally graded porous aluminum was fabricated. By EPMA observation, existence of Mg atoms was gradually changing at the bonding region. It was shown that seamless functionally graded porous aluminum can be fabricated by FSP route.
Current transport studies and extraction of series resistance of Pd/ZnO Schottky diode (2011)

Electrical characterization of Palladium (Pd) Schottky diodes on n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) is performed by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage-temperature (I-V-T) measurements. Single crystal bulk ZnO wafer synthesized hydrothermally in the wurtzite (0001) orientation has been used for device fabrication. From I-V measurements the Schottky diodes exhibited a non-linear rectifying behavior with a barrier height of 0.65eV and an ideality factor of 4.1. Room temperature current transport mechanism has been investigated from logI - logV plot. Series resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) is extracted from forward I-V characteristics by using Chueng function and Norde function. R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> is also extracted from I-V-T measurements at two different temperatures, by using modified Norde function. The series resistance is found in the range from 313 to 460 Ω. A comparison is made between the obtained values of Series resistances and possible reasons of discrepancy are addressed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of 1,2,3,4‐ Tetrahydroquinoline‐2,3,4‐trione 3‐Oximes: Novel and Highly Potent Antagonists for NMDA Receptor Glycine Site. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation of rosuvastatin in human plasma by HLPC tandem mass spectroscopic method and its application to bioequivalence study (2005)

A LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the estimation of rosuvastatin in human plasma using atorvastatin as internal standard. Rosuvastatin is a lipid-lowering drug prescribed for the treatment of hyper-cholestrolemia and dyslipidimia. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the purification and pre-concentration of analyte from human plasma matrix. The chromatographic separation was achieved within 6.0 min by an isocratic mobile phase containing 0.2% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (40: 60, v/v), flowing through YMC J' Sphere ODS H-80, 150 x 4.6 mm, 4.0 µm analytical column, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 with split of 200 µL to mass spectrometer and 800 µL to waste. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were measured in the positive mode at m/z 482 and 258 for rosuvastatin and m/z 559 and 440 for internal standard respectively. A detailed validation of the method was performed as per USFDA guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range 1.0 ng mL-1 to 50.0 ng mL-1 with the mean correlation coefficient more than 0.99. The absolute recovery was more than 50.14% for rosuvastatin and 54.65% for internal standard. In human plasma, rosuvastatin was stable for 138 days at -70 ± 5 °C and for 24 hours at ambient temperature. After extraction from plasma, the reconstituted samples of rosuvastatin were stable in auto sampler at 10 °C for 8 hours. Upon subjecting to three freeze thaw cycles, there was no change in the recovery of the analyte. The method was simple, specific, sensitive, precise, accurate and suitable for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies. It was successfully applied to the pilot bioequivalence study of rosuvastatin 20 mg tablets of M/s Zydus Cadila health care Ltd. India versus 20 mg Crestor tablet of M/s Astra Zeneca, USA; in male human subjects.
Digital optical Costas loop for coherent demodulation of 10-Gb/s BPSK (2010)

We demonstrate a digital optical Costas loop for real-time demodulation of a high-speed BPSK signal. The optical carrier is recovered by a DSP with high-bandwidth sampling at the frontend. A 10-Gb/s BPSK signal is demodulated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Tolyporphin A O,O‐Diacetate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Massively parallel architecture: application to neural net emulation and image reconstruction (2002)

The authors present two applications of a specific cellular architecture: emulation of the recall and learning for feedforward neural networks and parallel image reconstruction. This architecture is based on a bidimensional array of asynchronous processing elements, the cells, which can communicate between themselves by message transfers. Each cell includes a rotating routing part ensuring the message transportation through the array and a processing part dedicated to a particular application. The specificity of the processing part demands that it be redesigned for each application but leads to very fast computing and low complexity. This architecture can process algorithms not regular enough for SIMD machines. The cellular architecture is described, the feedforward neural network accelerator is introduced, the learning is discussed, and some time performances, evaluated by computer simulation, are given. The image reconstruction problem, its parallelization, some results of both functional and behavioral simulations, the realization of the circuit, and some test results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long-Term Antibody Release Polycaprolactone Capsule and the Release Kinetics in Natural and Accelerated Degradation (2022)

Although therapy using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been steadily successful over the last 20 years, the means of delivery of mAbs has not been optimized, especially for long-term delivery. Frequent injections or infusions have been the current standard of care. In this study, we have developed a long-term antibody biodegradable implant using a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) capsule. It released bevacizumab (Bev) slowly for 8 months to date. The Bev release kinetics fit a drug release model with experimental data of the diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient through the polymer capsule. Since screening drug release profiles for the long term (&gt;6 months) is time consuming, an accelerated degradation method was used after validating the characteristics of the PCL capsule in natural and accelerated degradation conditions. The correlation of the time period between natural and accelerated degradation was determined. Overall, the study suggests that mAbs can be released from a porous PCL capsule without an effect of the polymer degradation over a long period (∼6 months) and the long-term release kinetics can be determined by the accelerated degradation within 14 days.
Fabrication of Diamond based Schottky Barrier Diodes with Oxide Ramp Termination (2007)

The paper's goal is the first demonstration of the fabrication of high power Schottky diodes on synthetic diamond using oxide ramp termination. In order to allow full activated impurities at room temperature and a high hole mobility a low boron doping of the drift layer is employed. Several aspects of the manufacturing technology are presented. A termination with a small ramp angle can be obtained using only RIE technique due to diamond wafer non- uniformity (roughness). Experimental forward and reverse characteristics measured on diamond diodes are also included.
Adaptive image restoration using local statistics and directional gradient information (1987)

We present an adaptive restoration algorithm to effectively restore an image degraded by additive white Gaussian noise using local statistics and directional gradient information in the spatial domain. The proposed algorithm is a modified Lee algorithm considered to compensate its drawback that little noise is removed at edge regions even though the edges are well preserved. Experimental results show better performance than for conventional algorithms.
An imaging system for standardized quantitative analysis of C. elegans behavior (2004)

The hardware configuration and software for the system are available from wschafer@ucsd.edu.
Selective naked-cluster cryophotochemistry and SCF-X.alpha.-SW calculations for copper (Cu2) and silver (Ag2) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective naked-cluster cryophotochemistry and SCF-X.alpha.-SW calculations for copper (Cu2) and silver (Ag2)Geoffrey A. Ozin, Helmut Huber, Douglas McIntosh, Steven Mitchell, Joe G. Norman Jr., and Louis NoodlemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 13, 3504–3511Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00507a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00507a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined Treatment with an LHRH Agonist and Testosterone in Man Reversible Oligozoospermia without Impotence (1983)

We have previously shown that LHRH agonist [D-Trp6,Pro9-NEt]LHRH (LHRHA) results in reversible oligozoospermia when given to normal subjects for up to ten weeks. A fall in plasma testosterone was accompanied by loss of libido and potency. We now report six subjects who were evaluated by semen analysis and hormone profile at two-week intervals during ten-week basal, 20-week treatment, and post-treatment periods lasting at least ten weeks. Treatment consisted of LHRHA (50 microgram subcutaneously daily), and testosterone enanthate (100 mg intramuscularly every two weeks). Sperm density (mean basal 76.7 +/- 8.7 x 10(6)/ml) fell consistently in each subject to a mean nadir of 12.3 +/- 4.5 x 10(6)/ml (p less than 0.001). This is similar to the mean nadir of 11.6 +/- 5.8 x 10(6)/ml achieved when LHRHA was given alone. In each individual subject, sperm density returned to his basal level after cessation of treatment. No consistent changes were seen in sperm motility of morphology, or in semen volume. Libido and potency were maintained in all subjects. An additional three subjects received testosterone enanthate alone in identical dosage for 20 weeks. No change in sperm density was observed. In contrast to treatment with LHRHA alone, combination treatment produces reversible oligozoospermia without attendant change in potency.
Electrostatic Solution for Broadside-Coupled Striplines in a Shield (2012)

The electrostatic characteristics of broadside-coupled striplines in a shield are investigated with the mode-matching method. The Fourier series is employed to describe electrostatic potential distributions. Numerical results are shown for coupled transmission line cell applications.
Excited-state nonlinearities of Ir(III) complexes (2017)

An investigation of Ir(III) complexes has been performed using double-pump probe (DPP) experiments to decouple the triplet quantum yield and triplet cross-section of these complexes. Both femtosecond and picosecond DPP measurements are presented.
Anti-Slip/Skid Re-Adhesion Control Based on Disturbance Observer Considering Bogie Vibration (2008)

In order to suppress slip/skid phenomenon, we have already proposed anti-slip/skid re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer, and we have confirmed that this system drives the train with high adhesion force utilization ratio. However, this system does not consider the vibration phenomenon of actual bogie dynamics of electric commuter train, tangential force estimation is affected by bogie vibration. Hence, the drive control system cannot determine the appropriate motor torque reference, and sometimes reduces the adhesion force utilization ratio. This paper proposes a new anti-slip/skid re-adhesion control system based on the disturbance observer considering the first resonant frequency of the bogie system.In order to confirm the validity of the performance of the proposed anti-slip/skid re-adhesion control system, this paper confirms the validity of the proposed system by using the numerical simulation. This paper shows the numerical simulation results simulated using 4M1C motor car model which has a sensor-less vector control system. As the results, the proposed disturbance observer is effective for the vibration suppression of estimated tangential force. The numerical simulation results point out that the proposed adhesion control method has the fine performance.
"Laser-Induced Densification in Silica and Binary Silica Systems" (1999)

Direct measurement of excimer laser-induced densification of silica and binary silica systems is reported using an interferometric technique interpreted with a finite-element model. From the calculation of the "unconstrained" densification," the corresponding induced refractive index and axial stress are calculated for a fiber Bragg grating geometry. It is shown that there is a strong compositional dependence of the densification as well as on the excitation wavelength.
Hepatitis G virus RNA in the serum of patients with elevated gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase: a specific liver disease (1996)

We tested the sera of 67 consecutive patients for hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These patients (42 males and 25 females, median age 35 years, range 13-64 years) had liver disease of unknown aetiology and were without markers of hepatitis (A-E) viruses or signs of genetically determined, autoimmune, alcoholic or drug-induced liver disease. The controls in this study were 110 patients (50 females and 60 males, median age 45 years, range 9-65 years) with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (19 patients) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (91 patients). Ten of 67 (14.9%) patients with cryptogenic disease were positive for HGV RNA by at least three separate tests; HGV RNA was also detected in one of 19 (5.3%) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and in nine of 91 (16.6%) patients with antibody to HCV. These data suggest that HGV occurs as frequently in HCV-infected patients as in those with cryptogenic disease. Elevated serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) (higher than twice the normal value) and alkaline phosphatase levels were found in eight of 10 (80%) HGV RNA positive patients and in six of 57 (10.5%) HGV RNA negative patients (P < 0.0001). Five (50%) HGV RNA positive patients had non-specific inflammatory bile duct lesions. A statistically significant difference was observed between HGV RNA positive and negative patients with chronic HBV or HCV infections (P < 0.029). Therefore, the spectrum of liver disease associated with HGV is wide, but a characteristic lesion of the bile duct leading to elevation of cholestatic enzymes might be specific for this virus.
Autophagy in the presynaptic compartment in health and disease (2017)

Synapses are functionally distinct neuronal compartments that are critical for brain function, with synaptic dysfunction being an early pathological feature in aging and disease. Given the large number of proteins needed for synaptic function, the proliferation of defective proteins and the subsequent loss of protein homeostasis may be a leading cause of synaptic dysfunction. Autophagic mechanisms are cellular digestion processes that recycle cellular components and contribute to protein homeostasis. Autophagy is important within the nervous system, but its function in specific compartments such as the synapse has been unclear. Evidence from research on both autophagy and synaptic function suggests that there are links between the two and that synaptic homeostasis during aging requires autophagy to regulate protein homeostasis. Exciting new work on autophagy-modulating proteins that are enriched at the synapse has begun to link autophagy to synapses and synaptic dysfunction in disease. A better understanding of these links will help us harness the potential therapeutic benefits of autophagy in combating age-related disorders of the nervous system.
Effect of laser heating on carbon wear and lube depletion in heat assisted magnetic recording (2015)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a promising approach for enabling large increases in the storage density. In HAMR systems, the high temperature working condition brings challenges for head-media interface, where lubricant depletion and carbon graphitization may occur and cause failure. To explore the effect of laser heating on the change of lubricant and carbon overcoat layers, HAMR FID heads were used to heat the media with both CVD and sputtered carbon overcoat (COC) using different laser power. It is found that 90% of the optimized laser current is not enough to fully switch the magnetic medium or cause any visible thickness reduction in both media types. OSA Q-phase images and thickness profiles show increasing laser power induces greater thickness reduction, due to lubricant depletion or carbon wear. Compared with sputtered COC, CVD carbon is considered to be more stable, as lower conductivity was observed in PF TUNA AFM analysis.
Gabapentin Disrupts Binding of Perlecan to the α 2 δ 1 Voltage Sensitive Calcium Channel Subunit and Impairs Skeletal Mechanosensation (2022)

Abstract Our understanding of how osteocytes, the principal mechanosensors within bone, sense and perceive force remains unclear. Previous work identified “tethering elements” (TEs) spanning the pericellular space of osteocytes and transmitting mechanical information into biochemical signals. While we identified the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan (PLN) as a component of these TEs, PLN must attach to the cell surface to induce biochemical responses. As voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are critical for bone mechanotransduction, we hypothesized that PLN binds the extracellular α 2 δ 1 subunit of VSCCs to couple the bone matrix to the osteocyte membrane. Here, we showed co-localization of PLN and α 2 δ 1 along osteocyte dendritic processes. Additionally, we quantified the molecular interactions between α 2 δ 1 and PLN domains and demonstrated for the first time that α 2 δ 1 strongly associates with PLN via its domain III. Furthermore, α 2 δ 1 is the binding site for the commonly used pain drug, gabapentin (GBP), which is associated with adverse skeletal effects when used chronically. We found that GBP disrupts PLN::α 2 δ 1 binding in vitro , and GBP treatment in vivo results in impaired bone mechanosensation. Our work identified a novel mechanosensory complex within osteocytes composed of PLN and α 2 δ 1 , necessary for bone force transmission and sensitive to the drug GBP. This work provides insights into the mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction and will inform future studies to understand the mechanisms responsible for the negative effects of GBP on bone.
Advanced atomic force microscopy probes: Wear resistant designs (2005)

Tip [in this article, tip refers to the apex region of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. A probe consists of substrate, cantilever, and tip.] wear is a phenomenon that can reduce the accuracy and reliability of AFM. As both tip size and specimen approach nanometer scale, tip shape change due to wear becomes critical to topographical measurements such as critical dimensions and deep trenches. This article presents probe designs with specific wear-resistant features. Three categories of probe modification were selected to lessen wear, thereby improving lifetime and performance. These are probe material, surface coatings, and selective shape.