gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal twin study on IQ, executive functioning, and attention problems during childhood and early adolescence. (2006)

Variation in human behavior may be caused by differences in genotype and by non-genetic differences ("environment") between individuals. The relative contributions of genotype (G) and environment (E) to phenotypic variation can be assessed with the classical twin design. We illustrate this approach with longitudinal data collected in 5 and 12-year-old Dutch twins. At age 5 data on cognitive abilities as assessed with a standard intelligence test (IQ), working memory, selective and sustained attention, and attention problems were collected in 237 twin pairs. Seven years later, 172 twin pairs participated again when they were 12 years old and underwent a similar protocol. Results showed that variation in all phenotypes was influenced by genetic factors. For IQ the heritability estimates increased from 30% at age 5, to 80% at age 12. For executive functioning performance genetic factors accounted for around 50% of the variance at both ages. Attention problems showed high heritabilities (above 60%) at both ages, for maternal and teacher ratings. Longitudinal analyses revealed that executive functioning during childhood was weakly correlated with IQ scores at age 12. Attention problems during childhood, as rated by the mother and the teacher were stronger predictors (r = -0.28 and -0.36, respectively). This association could be attributed to a partly overlapping set of genes influencing attention problems at age 5 and IQ at age 12. IQ performance at age 5 was the best predictor of IQ at age 12. IQ at both ages was influenced by the same genes, whose influence was amplified during development.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Access to 4,5‐Bis(alkylidene)‐1,3‐dithiolan‐2‐ones: A New Class of Cisoid Dienes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by dNTPs. (1992)

Reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA polymerase, EC 2.7.7.49) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been examined with respect to the steady-state kinetics of polymerization of dNTPs into product DNA. With dNTPs as variable substrate, the kinetics of polymerization deviated from standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Substrate inhibition was observed at high substrate concentrations and negative cooperativity was seen at lower substrate concentrations. Examination of incorporation of substrate dNMPs in the presence of nucleotides not complementing the template demonstrated that dNTPs may act as noncompetitive inhibitors, as well as substrate. The Ki of the enzyme for dNTPs was 104 microM. A working model is presented that accounts for the substrate inhibition. In this model, the reverse transcriptase is a multisubunit holoenzyme, where noncompetitive inhibition is mediated by one subunit binding nucleotide and down-regulating the enzymatically active 64-kDa subunit. With additional assumptions, this model can accommodate the negative cooperativity observed.
Emergence of CTL Coincides with Clearance of Virus During Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Monkeys (1999)

The CTL response was characterized during primary SIV/macaque (SIVmac) infection of rhesus monkeys to assess its role in containing early viral replication using both an epitope-specific functional and an MHC class I/peptide tetramer-binding assay. The rapid expansion of a single dominant viral epitope-specific CTL population to 1.3-8.3% of circulating CD8+ peripheral blood and 0. 3-1.3% of lymph node CD8+ T cells was observed, peaking at day 13 following infection. A subsequent decrease in number of these cells was then demonstrated. Interestingly, the percent of tetramer-binding CD8+ T cells detected in the lymph nodes of all evaluated animals was smaller than the percent detected in PBL. These epitope-specific CD8+ T cells expressed cell surface molecules associated with memory and activation. Early clearance of SIVmac occurred coincident with the emergence of the CTL response, suggesting that CTL may be important in containing virus replication. A higher percent of annexin V-binding cells was detected in the tetramer+ CD8+ T cells (range, from 33% to 75%) than in the remaining CD8+ T cells (range, from 3.3% to 15%) at the time of maximum CTL expansion in all evaluated animals. This finding indicates that the decrease of CTL occurred as a result of the death of these cells rather than their anatomic redistribution. These studies provide strong evidence for the importance of CTL in containing AIDS virus replication.
Endotoxin Suppresses Surfactant Synthesis in Cultured Rat Lung Cells (1989)

Pulmonary complications secondary to postburn sepsis are a major cause of death in burned patients. Using an in vitro organotypic culture system, we examined the effect of E. coli endotoxin (LPS) on lung cell surfactant synthesis. Our results showed that E. coli endotoxin (1.0, 2.5, 10 micrograms LPS/ml) was capable of suppressing the incorporation of 3H-choline into de novo synthesized surfactant, lamellar bodies (LB), and common myelin figures (CMF) at 50%, 68%, and 64%, respectively. In a similar study, we were able to show that LPS also inhibited 3H-palmitate incorporation by cultured lung cells. LPS-induced suppression of surfactant synthesis was reversed by hydrocortisone. Our results suggest that LPS may play a significant role in reducing surfactant synthesis by rat lung cells, and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis-related respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in burn injury.
Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for working memory and decision-making (2021)

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) is situated at the core of higher brain functions via neural circuits such as those linking the caudate nucleus and mediodorsal thalamus. However, the distinctive roles of these prefronto-subcortical pathways remain elusive. Combining in vivo neuronal projection mapping with chemogenetic synaptic silencing, we reversibly dissected key pathways from dorsolateral part of the PFC (dlPFC) to the dorsal caudate (dCD) and lateral mediodorsal thalamus (MDl) individually in single monkeys. We found that silencing the bilateral dlPFC-MDl projections, but not the dlPFC-dCD projections, impaired performance in a spatial working memory task. Conversely, silencing the unilateral dlPFC-dCD projection, but not the unilateral dlPFC-MDl projection, altered preference in a decision-making task. These results revealed dissociable roles of the prefronto-subcortical pathways in working memory and decision-making, representing the technical advantage of imaging-guided pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulation for dissecting neural circuits underlying cognitive functions in primates.
<title>Metrology break-out group</title> (2002)

Participating members: Marylyn Bennett, Bill Banke, Yues Deslandes, Tim Goldburt, Al Szeienano, Al Hatheway, Mark Schattenburg, Jay Jun, Saroshi Gonda, Mike Thompson, Kevin Lyons, Jim Potzick, Mike McElfresh, John Villarruba, George Orsi, Dominique Drouin, Alexandre Couture
Electric Vehicles Assisted Multi-Household Cooperative Demand Response Strategy (2019)

The recent ongoing development of electrical vehicles (EVs) offers vast benefits not only in environmental protection and economics, but also in demand response (DR) management on consumer side. Adopting EVs in DR enables householders to alleviate the load burden while reducing electric bill simultaneously. In this paper, we utilize EVs as temporary energy storage facilities to assist the power transaction, which ensures the flexibility and economic benefit. An innovative EVs assisted DR strategy including a neighbor energy sharing (NES) model is proposed, to jointly optimize the load distribution via vehicle to home (V2H) and vehicle to neighbor (V2N) connections, and economic cost for a residential network with multi-household. The effectiveness of the proposed DR strategy is verified by numerical results in terms of load balancing and cost reduction. It also significantly outperforms the previous DR approaches.
The complete mitochondrial genome ofLimnoria quadripunctataHolthuis (Isopoda: Limnoriidae) (2014)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Limnoria quadripunctata, a marine wood-eating isopod crustacean, was determined from whole genome sequence data. The mitogenome is 16,503 bp in length and contains 39 genes: 13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 tRNA, two of which are repeated and a control region. The start codon most commonly used by the Limnoria protein-coding genes is ATN, as is the case in the two other available complete isopod mitogenomes. The gene arrangement differs among these complete isopod mitogenomes, as does the AT-content of H-strand protein-coding genes. The latter observations, coupled with the considerable nucleotide diversity observed between the isopod mitogenomes, support the idea that each isopod species belongs to a distinct lineage as implied by their current placement in separate suborders.
A source and channel-coding framework for vector-based data hiding in video (2000)

Digital data hiding is a technology being developed for multimedia services, where significant amounts of secure data is invisibly hidden inside a host data source by the owner, for retrieval only by those authorized. The hidden data should be recoverable even after the host has undergone standard transformations, such as compression. In this paper, we present a source and channel coding framework for data hiding, allowing any tradeoff between the visibility of distortions introduced, the amount of data embedded, and the degree of robustness to noise. The secure data is source coded by vector quantization, and the indices obtained in the process are embedded in the host video using orthogonal transform domain vector perturbations. Transform coefficients of the host are grouped into vectors and perturbed using noise-resilient channel codes derived from multidimensional lattices. The perturbations are constrained by a maximum allowable mean-squared error that can be introduced in the host. Channel-optimized VQ can be used for increased robustness to noise. The generic approach is readily adapted to make retrieval possible for applications where the original host is not available to the retriever. The secure data in our implementations are low spatial and temporal resolution video, and sampled speech, while the host data is QCIF video. The host video with the embedded data is H.263 compressed, before attempting retrieval of the hidden video and speech from the reconstructed video. The quality of the extracted video and speech is shown for varying compression ratios of the host video.
Programmed cell death in an estrogen-independent human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-468. (1992)

Previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells can be induced to undergo an energy-dependent, genetically programmed series of biochemical changes that result in the active suicide of the cells following estrogen ablation. In contrast, estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells do not activate this programmed cell death pathway following estrogen ablation. This could be due either to the absence of the cellular machinery required for programmed cell death or simply to the inability of estrogen ablation to activate this machinery. To discriminate between these two possibilities, the MDA-MB-468 estrogen-independent human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line was used as a model system to study the mechanism of cell death following cytotoxic drug treatment. Exposure of these cells to the fluorinated pyrimidines, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine or trifluorothymidine, resulted in growth inhibition and loss of proliferative capacity within 24 h. These changes occurred while cell membrane integrity was intact as measured by either cellular morphology or trypan blue exclusion. After 48 h of drug treatment, loss of cell membrane integrity was followed by cell lysis and a rapid decline in cell number. The addition of 16 microM thymidine prior to drug treatment prevented cell death, but thymidine did not rescue these cells once drug treatment was initiated. Analysis of DNA revealed the characteristic fragmentation into nucleosomal oligomers that is a hallmark of programmed cell death. Associated with this death pathway was a 15-fold induction of transforming growth factor beta 1 gene expression that has been previously observed in a variety of cellular systems undergoing programmed cell death. These results indicate that MDA-MB-468 estrogen-independent human mammary carcinoma cells retain the ability to undergo programmed cell death after treatment with cytotoxic drugs that induce a "thymineless" state.
Application of a Membrane Device for Biosensing with Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (2006)

We propose a novel device relying on a membrane used in life sciences for analyzing the terahertz (THz)-wave transmission characteristics of biomolecular samples. This device allows small amounts of sample to be prepared easier than current methods. We prepared several sugar samples adsorbed on the membrane, and measured them using THz time domain spectroscopy. The THz absorption data were found to be different depending on the concentration of samples, which demonstrates the potential of the membrane device in THz-wave biosensing applications.
Large Diameter Pipeline PLEM Design for Remote, Arctic Application (2013)

While subsea production template and manifold designs have come to be dominated by standardized solutions tailored for specific hardware, the design of Pipeline End Manifolds (PLEM) remains largely project-specific. Nevertheless, some trends in PLEM design for large-diameter pipelines in moderate water depths have emerged in the past years in the North Sea and elsewhere; namely, large stand-alone structures on suction pile foundations with diverless spoolpiece tie-ins. This arrangement has proven successful on numerous projects; however, the move to remote arctic fields of significant production capacity and long design life introduces new design drivers that warrant a “fresh approach” to PLEM design. The developments currently being considered for the arctic will have to deal with: - Remote location making mobilization of installation assets a significant cost driver such that separate installation of pipeline and PLEM is relatively unattractive - Harsh conditions and short weather windows for installation favoring designs that reduce the number of separate installation steps and vessels - Poorer access for maintenance and repair during the operating life favoring designs that are modular and that allow recovery of critical components using the smallest possible intervention vessels. When combined with envisioned field production lives of 40 to 50 years, this means a very different set of design drivers will apply to the PLEM design. This paper presents an alternative PLEM design developed to overcome these challenges by: - Integrating of the PLEM with the pipeline to work around current industry limitations for large diameter diverless tie-in connector systems and to minimize ROV rotated sealing surfaces subsea in normal operation, - Introducing plug technology to remove the critical dependence on long-term trouble-free performance of large bore valves, - Introducing driven pile foundations to reduce structure size, prevent long-term settlements and eliminate the need for separate pipeline support frames by maintaining the pipe centerline close to the mudline, - Modularizing the system such that key components (all remaining valves) can be retrieved without complete shutdown of flow and such that installation / intervention can be performed using a wide range of vessels, and - Incorporating lessons learned from the successful design of a North Sea vertical diverless pig launcher unit. This paper presents an overview of the alternative PLEM design and discusses the status of the technologies required.
Analysis of Single-Photon-Detection Characteristics of GaInAs/InP Avalanche Photodiodes (2010)

An effective method to analyze the origin of primary dark counts is presented for single-photon-detection avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in the gated Geiger modes. It is revealed that a band-to-band tunneling model reproduces the experimental data very well for GaInAs/InP single-photon-detection APDs, while a phonon-assisted tunneling model fails. Therefore, we concluded that primary dark counts are dominated by the band-to-band tunneling for the GaInAs/InP single-photon-detection APDs. Then, we calculate the dark count probability and the detection efficiency by modeling the band-to-band tunneling. It is found that the ratio of the dark count probability to the detection efficiency is reduced by decreasing the impurity concentration of the multiplication region and of the p-type window.
Isoflavones inhibit intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro (1999)

There have been many reports that high soya-based diets reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. This effect may be due to the presence of high levels of isoflavones derived from the soya bean, particularly genistein which has been shown to be a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor and have both oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic properties. We have examined the effect of genistein and a number of novel synthetic analogues on both normal (IEC6, IEC18) and transformed (SW620, HT29) intestinal epithelial cell lines. Responses were compared to those elicited by oestradiol, the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin. Genistein and tamoxifen were potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. Of seven novel isoflavones tested, none were more potent inhibitors than genistein, and all displayed similar relative activities across the different cell lines. In addition to inhibiting cell proliferation, cell death via apoptosis was observed when the cells were exposed to the isoflavones and all but one exhibited PTK inhibitory activity. These data suggest that by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis, possibly due in part to PTK inhibition, isoflavones may have a role in protecting normal intestinal epithelium from tumour development (reducing the risk) and may reduce colonic tumour growth.
Understanding the Evolution of the Li-Rich Antifluorite Li5FeO4 upon Electrochemical Delithiation (2016)

In order to boost the capacity of the lithium ion battery, cathode materials that can cycle with more than one lithium (Li) ion per transition metal (LM) ion are intensively investigated. The antifluorite family of Li 8 O 4 (4Li 2 O unit cells) is an interesting structure to host high Li/TM ratio since the transition metal ions can substitute part of the tetrahedral Li ions the structure. A representative material is the Li 5 FeO 4 (LFO), with one Fe 3+ ion replacing one tetrahedral Li + ion and creating two vacancies. This material is capable of providing 5 Li/Fe or a capacity at about 867mAh/g in theory. Initial studies of LFO have yielded intriguing results that more than 4Li ions can be extracted at two plateaus at about 3.5 and 4.0V, with capacity higher than 700mAh/g. This super high delithiation capacity makes LFO a promising cathode material for the high energy Li-ion batteries. However, in the first discharge the plateaus decrease to 2.2V and 1.3V with a capacity of about 300mAh/g. In the following cycles, the capacity fades rapidly and the plateaus higher than 3V can’t be recovered. The cycle behavior of LFO shows that the deliathiation reaction of the LFO with the removal of over 4 Li ions is not reversible in conventional Li ion batteries. In order to fulfill the reversible charge-discharge of the LFO,better understanding of the delithation reaction of LFO is required. In this work a series of comprehensive in-situ characterizations of the LFO electrode during the first charge were performed to understand the crystal structure, valance and bonding as well as the electronic structure evolution of LFO upon the Li removal. These studies indicate that the first charging of LFO can be divided into two stages. Stage I is a two-phase reaction in the first charging plateau, where the antiflorite LFO converts to pseudo-cubic Li 3 FeO 4 (Li 5 FeO 4 →2Li + +2e+Li 3 FeO 4 ), and the oxidation state change of Fe and O in Stage I can be expressed as: Fe 3+ →Fe (3+δ)+ +δ e - and 4O 2- →4O (1.5+0.25δ)- +(2-δ)e - . Stage II is a one-phase reaction in the second plateau, with pseudo-cubic Li 3 FeO 4 converting into pseudo-cubic LiFeO 2 (Li 3 FeO 4 →2Li + +2e+O 2 +LiFeO 2 ) and the releasing of one O 2 from the Fe-O framework. The valance evolution Fe and O in Stage II can be expressed as: Fe (3+δ)+ + δ e - → Fe 3+ and 4O (1.5+0.25δ)- →2O 2- +O 2 +(2+δ)e - . Theoretical modeling confirms the formation of pseudo-cubic phase and O 2 releasing in the second stage. High energy barrier was found for conversion from the pseudo-cubic phase back to antiflorite phase with lithiation and the O 2 absorption, explaining the irreversibility of the LFO. Figure 1
Development of Bump Support Film (BSF) for expanding the size of WLCSP (2015)

Solder joint crack is increasing with increasing of warpage caused by larger Wafer Level Chip Size Package (WLCSP). In this study, we studied new Bump Support Film (BSF) made of back grind tape and thermosetting epoxy resin, which covers the bottom of bumps by heat lamination. We succeeded to form the BSF without voids at the bottom of the bumps by optimizing the thickness of thermosetting epoxy resin layer. We also succeeded to remove residues of BSF at top of the bumps by dicing process. In addition, the board level test of IC chip with BSF shows no electrical defect after reflow process.