gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Embedded Sensors for Fault Diagnosis in Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems, Power Grids, Structural Cables, Pipelines, and Electrical Machines (2020)

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) are massively hosted everywhere in many fields where the transfer of energy and information is a fundamental pillar to guarantee the good performance of a system. In addition, the huge technological and industrial uprising ensured by the emerging fourth Industrial Revolution is forcing electrical machines and instruments toward massive transformations and more complexity than ever before. Accordingly, the health and integrity of any system are essential for the proper operation of any application. Yet, faults and failures are inevitable. They can lead to catastrophic problems on both economical and human levels. Airplane crashes, massive fires, explosions, and so on are examples of such consequences. Accordingly, fault detection, diagnosis, and location have been always substantially important for ensuring safety, security, integrity, and optimal performance for any system. Notably, fault diagnosis of structural cables integrated in dams, bridges, concrete, and so on have also formed a cornerstone in the context of health monitoring of such structures. The same applies for oil and gas pipelines, subsea cables, umbilicals, and so on.
Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Advanced Osteoarthritis Pain in Rats (2017)

These findings support the conclusion that exercise induces pain relief in advanced, NSAID-resistant OA, likely through increased endogenous opioid signaling. In addition, treadmill exercise blocked MIA-induced bone loss in this model, indicating a potential bone-stabilizing effect of exercise on the OA joint.
Enhanced expression of Ca2+ channel alpha1A and beta4 subunits and phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal gland of N-type Ca2+ channel alpha1B subunit-deficient mice with a CBA/JN genetic background. (2006)

Electrophysiologic studies have demonstrated that adrenal medulla chromaffin cells express voltage-dependent P/Q-, N-, L-, and R-type Ca2+ channels and that these channels regulate release of norepinephrine and epinephrine. However, N-type Ca2+ channel alpha1B-deficient mice with a CBA/JN background show normal plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, presumably owing to compensation by other gene(s). To examine the expression patterns of the P/Q-type alpha1A, L-type alpha1C/alpha1D, and R-type alpha1E, beta1, beta2, beta3, and beta4 subunits, as well as of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), dopamine beta hydroxylase (Dbh), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (Pnmt) in the adrenal gland of alpha1B-deficient mice, we used real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. The expression levels of alpha1A, beta4, Th, and Th phosphorylated at serine 40 were higher in homozygous mice than in wild-type and heterozygous mice, but the expression levels of alpha1C, alpha1D, alpha1E, beta1, beta2, beta3, Dbh, and Pnmt did not differ among wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous mice. These results suggest that the compensatory mechanisms to maintain normal levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the adrenal gland of N-type Ca2+ channel alpha1B-deficient mice include increased expression of alpha1A and beta4 subunits and increased catecholamine biosynthetic activity.
F135 Numerical Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer from a Rotating Disk with Fins (2006)

Numerical analysis and experiments on convective heat transfer from a rotating disk with fins, which are arranged along radial direction, are performed and the results are compared to realize the designing of the ECB retarder using not only experiment but also analysis. The results show that the heat transfer coefficients and the flow patterns obtained by the analysis and the experiments agree each other considerably. On the other hand, there are some differences between the results of analysis and those of experiments, for example, the tendency of the radial distribution of heat transfer coefficients. The investigation of the cause of different results on the velocity vectors around the inner edge of the fin under some conditions is necessary to diminish the discrepancy of the results between the numerical analysis and the experiments.
Cavity-enhanced harmonic generation in silicon rich nitride photonic crystal microresonators (2019)

We report second and third harmonic generation in photonic crystal cavities fabricated in a suspended silicon-rich nitride membrane under resonant continuous-wave excitation at telecom wavelength. Two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities with a far-field optimized line-width modulated design were employed. A quality factor at fundamental wavelength as high as Q = 1.3 × 104 and a coupling efficiency ηc ≈ 30% enabled us to exploit the cavity field enhancement to achieve the generation efficiencies ρSH = (4.7 ± 0.2) × 10−7 W−1 and ρTH = (5.9 ± 0.3) × 10−5 W−2. The absence of saturation effects at high power and the transparency of the device at the second harmonic wavelength suggest the absence of two-photon absorption and related detrimental effects.
Effective Arterial Elastance in the Pulmonary Arterial Circulation (2020)

urrent understanding of ventricular-vascular interactions is largely based on the seminal works of (1) Guyton, 1 who developed and validated the first comprehensive models of the circulatory system; (2) Suga and Sagawa, 2 who introduced the time-varying elastance model and E es , the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, to characterize ventricular properties; and (3) Sunagawa et al, 3 who created the concept of effective arterial elastance (E a ) to depict vascular properties on the ventricular pressure-volume diagram. These efforts advanced understanding of ventricular-vascular coupling and led to the observation that maximal transfer of mechanical stroke work from the left ventricle to the systemic arterial circulation occurs when E a E es . Furthermore, important aspects of the hemodynamic abnormalities of acute and chronic heart failure and hypertension occur when the E a /E es ratio deviates from normal-a condition commonly referred to as ventricular-vascular uncoupling or mismatch.
Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis (2016)

Behavioral responses of aquatic organisms to environmental contaminants can be precursors of other effects such as survival, growth, or reproduction. However, these responses may be subtle, and measurement can be challenging. Using juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) with copper exposures, this paper illustrates techniques used for quantifying behavioral responses using computer assisted video and digital image analysis. In previous studies severe impairments in swimming behavior were observed among early life stage white sturgeon during acute and chronic exposures to copper. Sturgeon behavior was rapidly impaired and to the extent that survival in the field would be jeopardized, as fish would be swept downstream, or readily captured by predators. The objectives of this investigation were to illustrate protocols to quantify swimming activity during a series of acute copper exposures to determine time to effect during early lifestage development, and to understand the significance of these responses relative to survival of these vulnerable early lifestage fish. With mortality being on a time continuum, determining when copper first affects swimming ability helps us to understand the implications for population level effects. The techniques used are readily adaptable to experimental designs with other organisms and stressors.
Early Retinal Arteriolar Changes and Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes (2012)

Individuals with diabetes with early retinal arteriolar abnormalities are more likely to have DPN, independent of hyperglycemia and major vascular risk factors. These data support the hypothesis that early microvascular dysfunction, evident in the retina, is an independent risk factor for DPN.
Flow Cytometric Determination of Light Scattering and Absorbance Properties of Starch Granules (1992)

Abstract Treatment of samples of digested endosperm with SDS resulted in a homogenous suspension of single starch granules that was suitable for analysis by flow cytometry without altering their refractive properties. Flow cytometry can be used for more rapid and accurate enumeration of starch granules than can be achieved with a hemocytometer as with the latter the number of starch granules seems to be underestimated. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis based on forward angle light scatter (FALS) and absorbance properties revealed that there are at least three unique subclasses of starch granules that appear during kernel development. The first subclass contained mainly small granules (2–5 μm) whereas the second subclass generally consisted of large granules (&gt; 5 μm). However, within a given size, there were two distinct subpopulations with significantly different absorbance properties. The physiological or physicochemical significants of these subclasses warrant further investigation.
Exploration of Distributed Shared Memory Architectures for NoC-based Multiprocessors (2006)

Multiprocessor system-on-chip (MP-SoC) platforms represent an emerging trend for embedded multimedia applications. To enable MP-SoC platforms, scalable communication-centric interconnect fabrics, such as networks-on-chip (NoC), have been recently proposed. The shared memory represents one of the key elements in designing MP-SoCs, since its function is to provide data exchange and synchronization support. In this paper, a distributed shared memory architecture has been explored, that is suitable for low-power on-chip multiprocessors based on NoC. In particular, the paper focuses on the energy/delay exploration of on-chip physically distributed and logically shared memory address space for MP-SoCs based on a parameterizable NoC. The data allocation on the physically distributed shared memory space is dynamically managed by an on-chip hardware memory management unit. Experimental results show the impact of different NoC topologies and distributed shared memory configurations for a selected set of parallel benchmark applications from the power/performance perspective
Contactless energy transmission for an isolated 100W gate driver supply of a medium voltage converter (2009)

In this paper, an innovative DC-DC converter is investigated which provides electrical power to the gate driver units of medium voltage level converters. For the discussed DC-DC converter, a galvanic isolation (isolation voltages of up to 35 kV) is required. This electrical isolation is achieved with a coreless transformer in order to obtain a cost-effective solution. Furthermore, the DC-DC converter contains a full-bridge converter being operated with low switching losses, a resonant compensation network to achieve a high overall efficiency and an output side rectifier. In this paper, the design of the coreless transformer, the appropriate compensation networks and the power electronics are discussed in detail. Moreover, measurement results obtained from a 100 W prototype, operated at a switching frequency of 410 kHz, are presented. With the proposed setup, a high overall efficiency of up to 80% and a transformer breakdown voltage of 55 kVrms is achieved. Thus, the proposed converter concept represents a very competitive solution with respect to the typically employed DC-DC converters with dry-type cast coil transformers.
Differences in Arctic and Antarctic PSC occurrence as observed by lidar in Ny-Ålesund (79° N, 12° E) and McMurdo (78° S, 167° E) (2005)

Abstract. The extent of springtime Arctic ozone loss does not reach Antarctic ``ozone hole'' dimensions because of the generally higher temperatures in the northern hemisphere vortex and consequent less polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particle surface for heterogeneous chlorine activation. Yet, with increasing greenhouse gases stratospheric temperatures are expected to further decrease. To infer if present Antarctic PSC occurrence can be applied to predict future Arctic PSC occurrence, lidar observations from McMurdo station (78° S, 167° E) and NyÅlesund (79° N, 12° E) have been analysed for the 9 winters between 1995 (1995/1996) and 2003 (2003/2004). Although the statistics may not completely cover the overall hemispheric PSC occurrence, the observations are considered to represent the main synoptic cloud features as both stations are mostly situated in the centre or at the inner edge of the vortex. Since the focus is set on the occurrence frequency of solid and liquid particles, the analysis has been restricted to volcanic aerosol free conditions. In McMurdo, by far the largest part of PSC observations is associated with NAT PSCs. The observed persistent background of NAT particles and their potential ability to cause denoxification and irreversible denitrification is presumably more important to Antarctic ozone chemistry than the scarcely observed ice PSCs. Meanwhile in Ny-Ålesund, ice PSCs have never been observed, while solid NAT and liquid STS clouds both occur in large fraction. Although they are also found solely, the majority of observations reveals solid and liquid particle layers in the same profile. For the Ny-Ålesund measurements, the frequent occurrence of liquid PSC particles yields major significance in terms of ozone chemistry, as their chlorine activation rates are more efficient. The relationship between temperature, PSC formation, and denitrification is nonlinear and the McMurdo and Ny-Ålesund PSC observations imply that for predicted stratospheric cooling it is not possible to directly apply current Antarctic PSC occurrence to the Arctic stratosphere. Future Arctic PSC occurrence, and thus ozone loss, is likely to depend on the shape and barotropy of the vortex rather than on minimum temperature alone.
Crown ether annelated tetrathiafulvalenes. 2 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrown ether annelated tetrathiafulvalenes. 2T. K. Hansen, T. Joergensen, F. Jensen, P. H. Thygesen, K. Christiansen, M. B. Hursthouse, M. E. Harman, M. A. Malik, B. Girmay, and Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6, 1359–1366Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00058a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00058a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization and Mutagenesis of Gal/GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases (2002)

The installation of sulfate groups on the carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans is a critical posttranslational modification that occurs in all higher eukaryotes. The Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases (GSTs) are a recently discovered family of carbohydrate sulfotransferases that share significant sequence homology at the amino acid level and mediate a number of different biological processes such as leukocyte adhesion at sites of chronic inflammation. Structural and mechanistic studies of this family of sulfotransferases have been hindered by the lack of a productive recombinant protein expression system. We developed a baculovirus expression system for five of the seven cloned GSTs and determined their kinetic parameters using both thin-layer chromatography and a recently developed polymer dot-blot assay. We used these tools to perform the first site-directed mutagenesis study of a member of this sulfotransferase family, GST2. Using sequence alignments with other carbohydrate and cytosolic sulfotransferases, we selected residues within the putative binding regions for 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and the carbohydrate substrate for mutagenesis. Kinetic analysis of the mutants identified residues that are essential for catalytic activity. These results should facilitate mechanistic studies and the development of small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme family to ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases.
Artificial localized magnon resonances in subwavelength meta-particles (2018)

The interaction between electromagnetic waves and objects is strongly affected by the shape and material composition of the latter. Artificially created materials, formed by a subwavelength structuring of their unit cells, namely metamaterials, can exhibit peculiar responses to electromagnetic radiation and provide additional powerful degrees of freedom to the scatterer design. In particular, negative material susceptibilities give rise to strong resonant interactions with deeply subwavelength particles. While the negative electrical permittivity of natural noble metals manifests itself in localized plasmon resonant oscillations, negative magnetic permeability materials are rare in nature. Here, the concept of artificial magnon resonance in subwavelength objects with effective negative permeability, designed via the metamaterial approach, is demonstrated. Strong localized oscillations of the magnetic fields within an array of split ring resonators, forming a sphere, hybridize in a collective mode of the structure. As a result, a high scattering cross section, exceeding that of a steel sphere with the same radius by four orders of magnitude, was demonstrated. Scatterers, based on tunable resonances within artificially created materials, can find use in a broad range of electromagnetic applications, including wireless communications, radars, RFID, internet of things hardware, and many others.
Editorial: Emerging Technologies and Associated Scientific Advancements for CCUS Deployment (2021)

EDITORIAL article Front. Energy Res., 15 April 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.649126
Removal of 17α‐ethinylestradiol, salicylic acid, trimethoprim, carbamazepine and nonylphenol through biological carbon and nitrogen removal processes (2017)

Abstract This study investigated five different trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) (one hormone: 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2), two pharmaceuticals: salicylic acid (SA) and trimethoprim (TMP), one analgesic drug: carbamazepine (CBZ), and one surfactant metabolite: nonylphenol (NP)) removal efficiency at a full‐scale Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWTP). The AWTP achieved average EE2, SA and NP removal over 80% at the biological carbon removal stages. The results also showed a 66% removal of TMP at the nitrogen removal stages. CBZ was recalcitrant throughout the plant, due to its high solubility and low distribution coefficient between wastewater and sludge. Batch experiments were conducted on active and inactive secondary, nitrification and denitrification sludge by adding TOrCs to understand the removal mechanism through sorption and biodegradation. Sorption was the dominant mechanism to remove EE2, SA and NP in secondary treatment processes. In nitrification and denitrification processes, higher percentage of TOrCs removal through biodegradation were observed compared to removal through sorption.
The Neuroblastoma-Associated F1174L ALK Mutation Causes Resistance to an ALK Kinase Inhibitor in ALK-Translocated Cancers (2010)

The ALK kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) is clinically effective in patients with ALK-translocated cancers, but its efficacy will ultimately be limited by acquired drug resistance. Here we report the identification of a secondary mutation in ALK, F1174L, as one cause of crizotinib resistance in a patient with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring a RANBP2-ALK translocation who progressed while on crizotinib therapy. When present in cis with an ALK translocation, this mutation (also detected in neuroblastomas) causes an increase in ALK phosphorylation, cell growth, and downstream signaling. Furthermore, the F1174L mutation inhibits crizotinib-mediated downregulation of ALK signaling and blocks apoptosis in RANBP2-ALK Ba/F3 cells. A chemically distinct ALK inhibitor, TAE684, and the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG are both effective in models harboring the F1174L ALK mutation. Our findings highlight the importance of studying drug resistance mechanisms in order to develop effective clinical treatments for patients with ALK-translocated cancers.
Discovery of PF-04449913, a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Smoothened (2011)

Inhibitors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway have generated a great deal of interest in the oncology area due to the mounting evidence of their potential to provide promising therapeutic options for patients. Herein, we describe the discovery strategy to overcome the issues inherent in lead structure 1 that resulted in the identification of Smoothened inhibitor 1-((2R,4R)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)urea (PF-04449913, 26), which has been advanced to human clinical studies.
Control-oriented model of a reversible heat pump for electric vehicles (2012)

This paper deals with the modelling of a reversible heat pump for control-oriented purposes. As energy-management systems of electric vehicles (EV) require minimizing the energetic cost of several components, it is important to define simple models in order to develop and validate control laws capable of reducing these costs. Through this paper we elaborate a simple model that is able to follow the main dynamics involved in the thermodynamical cycles of a reversible heat pump.
Observation of a strange nonchaotic attractor in a multistable potential (1992)

Attractors which are not chaotic but nevertheless display ``strange'' geometric properties have been the subject of a number of studies since they were studied in certain quasiperiodically forced maps, by Grebogi et al. [Physica 13D, 26 (1984)]. The attractors, as defined by these authors, are nonchaotic, since they are characterized by Lyapunov exponents which are smaller than zero; but are, however, strange since they display geometric properties unlike either limit cycles or quasiperiodic attractors. The attractors are produced by dissipative, nonlinear systems which are driven by two periodic external forces whose frequencies are incommensurate. Strange nonchaotic attractors have been observed in numerical experiments with a variety of bistable and monostable nonlinear oscillators as well as in one ingenious experiment, designed by Ditto et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 533 (1990)], using a forced, free standing beam whose mechanical properties could be externally controlled by magnetic fields. We study here a nonlinear oscillator with a multistable potential both numerically and with an analog simulator. The dynamics mimics that of the internal magnetic flux through an underdamped, multistable, superconducting quantum interference device which is quasiperiodically forced. We report measurements and numerical computations of the power spectra, invariant density, and Poincar\'e sections. Precision numerical computations were used to study the Lyapunov exponents and to observe the destruction of a chaotic attractor and its replacement by a strange nonchaotic one.