gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Proteasome Inhibitor NPI-0052 in Combination with Bortezomib Induces Antitumor Activity in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia. (2006)

Abstract Background: Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable low-grade lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Recently, Bortezomib has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with relapsed WM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of the new proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 (Nereus Pharmaceuticals, CA), alone and in combination with Bortezomib, in WM. Methods: WM cell lines (BCWM1 and WSU-WM) and IgM secreting low-grade lymphoma cell lines (MEK1, RL, Namalwa) were used. Bone marrow primary CD19+ malignant cells were obtained from WM patients after informed consent. Inhibition of growth was measured using MTT assays. DNA synthesis was measured using the thymidine incorporation assay. Apoptosis was determined using Apo2.7 staining, followed by flow cytometric analysis. Determination of the additive or synergistic effect of the combination was calculated using the CalcuSyn software (Biosoft, MO) based on the Chou-Talalay method with the combination index (CI)&lt;1.0 indicating synergism. Results: NPI-0052 induced cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA synthesis, with an IC50 of 20–30nM in all cell lines tested at 24 hrs. NPI-0052 induces 50% apoptosis at 48 hrs. Similar effects were demonstrated in primary CD19+ WM cells. Bortezomib induced cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 20–30nM in all cell lines tested. Importantly, the combination of NPI-0052 and Bortezomib induced significant inhibition of proliferation compared to each agent alone, specifically at the combination of 2.5nM and 5nM of Bortezomib and 10nM of NPI-0052. For example, Bortezomib single agent at 2.5nM and 5 nM induced 8% and 13% cytotoxicity in BCWM.1 in vitro, respectively, while the combination Bortezomib and NPI-0052 10nM induced a synergistic cytotoxic effect, 44% (CI=0.7) and 58% (CI=0.47), respectively. The combination effect of NPI-0052 20 nM with Bortezomib 2.5nM and 5nM was also synergistic, with 61% (CI=0.7) and 66% (CI=0.7) cytotoxicity, respectively. Similar effects were observed in 3 primary CD19+ WM cells obtained from patients’ bone marrow. Conclusion: NPI-0052 has significant anti-tumor activity against WM in vitro, especially in combination with Bortezomib. These results provide the framework to further study the potential therapeutic role of NPI-0052 in WM. *XJ and XL are co-first authors.
Direct Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Methanol in an Aqueous Medium by using Copper‐Promoted Fe‐ZSM‐5 (2012)

Ein Eisen-Kupfer-Zeolith (Fe-Cu-ZSM-5) katalysiert die selektive Oxidation von Methan zu Methanol mit wässrigem Wasserstoffperoxid. Das Eisen aktiviert die Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Bindung, während das Kupfer dafür sorgt, dass Methanol als Hauptprodukt gebildet wird. Der Katalysator ist stabil und wiederverwendbar und aktiviert Methan mit >90 % Selektivität und 10 % Umsatz in einem geschlossenen Katalysezyklus (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Seismic response of self‐centring hysteretic SDOF systems (2002)

Abstract The seismic response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems incorporating flag‐shaped hysteretic structural behaviour, with self‐centring capability, is investigated numerically. For a SDOF system with a given initial period and strength level, the flag‐shaped hysteretic behaviour is fully defined by a post‐yielding stiffness parameter and an energy‐dissipation parameter. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to determine the influence of these parameters on SDOF structural response, in terms of displacement ductility, absolute acceleration and absorbed energy. This parametric study was conducted using an ensemble of 20 historical earthquake records corresponding to ordinary ground motions having a probability of exceedence of 10% in 50 years, in California. The responses of the flag‐shaped hysteretic SDOF systems are compared against the responses of similar bilinear elasto‐plastic hysteretic SDOF systems. In this study the elasto‐plastic hysteretic SDOF systems are assigned parameters representative of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with post‐Northridge welded beam‐to‐column connections. In turn, the flag‐shaped hysteretic SDOF systems are representative of steel MRFs with newly proposed post‐tensioned energy‐dissipating connections. Building structures with initial periods ranging from 0.1 to 2.0s and having various strength levels are considered. It is shown that a flag‐shaped hysteretic SDOF system of equal or lesser strength can always be found to match or better the response of an elasto‐plastic hysteretic SDOF system in terms of displacement ductility and without incurring any residual drift from the seismic event. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Porphyrin Amphiphiles as Templates for the Nucleation of Calcium Carbonate (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPorphyrin Amphiphiles as Templates for the Nucleation of Calcium CarbonateJoydeep Lahiri, Guofeng Xu, Daniel M. Dabbs, Nan Yao, Ilhan A. Aksay, and John T. GrovesView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 23, 5449–5450Publication Date (Web):June 11, 1997Publication History Received6 May 1996Published online11 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961486fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961486frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views564Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Calcite,Crystals,Genetics,Nucleation,Pyrroles Get e-Alerts
Li+−(Diglyme)2 and LiClO4−Diglyme Complexes:  Barriers to Lithium Ion Migration (1999)

The lithium ion migration mechanism in Li+−(diglyme)2 and LiClO4−diglyme complexes with coordination of Li+ by 3 to 6 oxygens has been investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory. Local minima corresponding to different coordination sites of the Li+ cation and transition states between them have been located. The Li+ binding energies of the Li+−(diglyme)2 and LiClO4−diglyme complexes range from 94 to 122 and 167 to 188 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energies increase with increasing coordination of Li+ by oxygen, although the binding per Li−O bond decreases, and structures with higher coordination of Li+ by oxygen exhibit longer Li−O bond lengths than the ones with lower coordination number. The barrier heights for n + 1 → n coordination of the cation by oxygen decrease with increasing coordination number n, with the smallest Li+ migration barriers (7−11 kcal/mol) occurring for complexes with the highest coordination numbers. The reaction coordinate for lithium ion migration between coordination sites is the torsional motion of the diglyme backbone. The implications of these results for Li+ migration in lithium poly(ethylene oxide) melts are discussed.
Abstract 10386: Is New Onset Atrial Fibrillation a Surrogate Marker for Heart Failure Progression? (2011)

Framingham data indicate that the onsets of atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic heart failure (HF) are often related, and in the presence of one the onset of the other increases mortality risk. These data contribute to the evidence that AF and HF have interrelated pathophysiologies, and conjoined natural histories. To test the hypothesis that new onset AF is a surrogate marker for HF progression, in the BEST trial (low LVEF advanced HF, beta-blocker bucindolol vs. placebo) we measured the all-cause mortality (ACM) and total HF hospitalization (HFH days/pt) before and after the development of new onset AF, in patients who did not have AF at randomization. [TABLE 1] In addition, we performed a within treatment group multivariate stepwise analysis (MVA) for 16 variables potentially affecting time to HFH: (Cox model p values in order of acceptance into the model, all univariate predictors are p<0.001) [TABLE 2] Summary: 1) In BEST new onset AF was associated with a 2.1 fold increase in ACM, and a 1.8 fold in...
Energy-scavenging amplifiers for miniature solid-state lasers (2004)

Longitudinally pumped miniature lasers are inefficient, partly because of their inefficient absorption of the pump light. Scavenging the unabsorbed pump light to pump an in-line amplifier can greatly enhance the efficiency of the system, with minimal added cost, size, or complexity.
Edge placement error fundamentals and impact of EUV: will traditional design-rule calculations work in the era of EUV? (2018)

The relationship between edge placement error (EPE), semiconductor design-rule determination, and predicted yield in the era of EUV lithography is examined, starting with the basics of EPE and then building up to design-rule calculations. The EPE definitions can be used as the building blocks for design-rule equations. Next the concept of “good fields” is explored and used to predict the n-sigma value needed for design-rule determination. Specifically, fundamental yield calculations based on the failure opportunities per chip are used to determine at what n-sigma value design-rules need to be tested to ensure high yield. The “value” can be a space between two features, an intersect area between two features, a minimum area of a feature, etc. It is shown that across-chip variation of design-rule important values needs to be tested at sigma values between seven and eight, which is much higher than the 4-sigma values traditionally used for design-rule determination. After recommending new statistics be used for design-rule calculations, we examine the impact of EUV lithography on sources of variation important for design-rule calculations.
Spectrally efficient relay selection protocols in wireless networks (2008)

Relay networks face a fundamental challenge in terms of spectral efficiency, because relays must repeat the source information. To address this key problem, this paper presents two relay selection protocols that salvage spectral efficiency by adroitly leveraging the multiple relays. Both protocols have the feature of letting the source transmit all or most of the time. The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of Zheng-Tse is used to show the advantage of our protocols. The proposed protocols require minimal overhead and feedback, and have similar complexity compared to existing protocols.
Normal-appearing white matter changes vary with distance to lesions in multiple sclerosis. (2006)

Our results may suggest that axonal damage and demyelination in NAWM mainly arise as a secondary result of visible lesions, with the largest effect close to these lesions. NAWM disease farther from the lesions may be mainly characterized by subtle blood-brain barrier damage, with leakage of fibrinogen into the parenchyma and microplaque formation, processes that are detected with T1 but not with MTR.
Interaction of a CO2 laser beam with free-falling liquid drops during modification of dissolved biomolecules (2003)

Nonstationary processes involved in the interaction of a CO2 laser beam with a free-falling drop of water were numerically simulated by calculating the gasdynamic streamlining of the drop by air, the temperature field in the drop, and the two-phase transformations on the liquid surface. Validity of the model and the results of calculations were checked in experiment. The study was aimed at explaining the effects related to degradation of large polysaccharide molecules in a drops of aqueous solution under the action of laser radiation.
Enhanced C 2 Yields from Methane Oxidative Coupling by Means of a Separative Chemical Reactor (1993)

Of the processes for converting natural gas into a more useful chemical feedstock, the oxidative coupling of methane to form ethane and ethylene (C(2)) has perhaps been the most intensively investigated in recent years, but it has proved extremely difficult to obtain C(2) yields in excess of 20 to 25%. Methane oxidative coupling was carried out in a separative chemical reactor that simulated a countercurrent chromatographic moving-bed. This reaction gives 65% methane conversion, 80% C(2) selectivity, and a C(2) yield slightly better than 50% with Sm(2)O(3) catalyst at approximately 1000 K.
Large-scale Contextual Query-to-Ad Matching and Retrieval System for Sponsored Search (2015)

Semantic embeddings of words (or objects in general) into a vector space have proven to be a powerful tool in many applications. In this talk we are going to show one possible application of semantic embeddings to sponsored search. Sponsored search represents the major source of revenue for web search engines and it is based on the following mechanism: each advertiser maintains a list of keywords they deem of interest with regards to their business. According to this targeting model, when a query is issued, all advertisers with a matching keyword are entered into an auction according to the amount they bid for the query, and the winner gets to show their ad, usually paying the next largest bid (this is called second price). The main challenges is that a query may not match many keywords, resulting in lower auction value, lower ad quality, and lost revenue for both, advertisers and publishers. We address them by applying semantic embeddings to this problem by learning how to project queries and ads in a common embedding, thus sharing the same feature space. The major novelty of the techniques we show is that learning is done by jointly modeling their content (words in queries and ad metadata), as well as their context within a search session. This model has several advantages and can be applied to at least three tasks. First, it can be used to generate query rewrites with a specific bias towards rewrites able to match relevant advertising. Second, it can be used also to retrieve for a given a query a set of relevant ads to be sent to the auction phase. Third, given an ad we are able to retrieve all the queries for which that ad can be considered relevant. The major advantage of learning both content and context embeddings is in the fact that a context-based model may suffer from coverage issue: if a query or an ad does not appear in the training set it cannot be treated by the model; content-based embeddings instead can be used to also build models capturing similarities between content, e.g. for a query not appearing in the model built we may capture some of its sub-queries by using content vectors. Another very interesting characteristic of this method is that all the tasks mentioned above are basically solved by means of a simple K-nearest neighbor search over the set of vectors in the embedding. The method has been trained up to 12 billion sessions, one of the largest corpora reported so far. We report offline and online experimental results, as well as post-deployment metrics. The results show that this approach significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art, substantially improving a number of key business metrics.
Effects of Dielectric-Layer Composition on Growth of Self-Formed Ti-Rich Barrier Layers in Cu(1 at%Ti)/Low-k Samples (2008)

In our previous studies, Ti atoms in Cu(Ti) alloy films were found to segregate at the film surface and the interface between Cu(Ti) alloy films and dielectric layers after annealing in Ar atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Such self-formed Ti-rich interface layers can act as a diffusion barrier layer. This technique was called “self-formation of the diffusion barrier,” which is attractive for the fabrication of ultra-large scale integrated interconnects. In the present study, we investigated the growth of Ti-rich barrier layers in Cu(Ti)/dielectric-layer samples with a low Ti content (1 at%) after annealing in ultra high vacuum (UHV). Ti atoms were found to segregate only to the Cu(Ti)/dielectric-layer interface under annealing in UHV. The microstructures were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and correlated with the electrical properties of the Cu(Ti) films. It was concluded that Ti-rich interface layers were formed in all the Cu(Ti)/dielectric-layer samples. The Ti-rich interface layers were identified to consist of TiC or TiSi in addition to Ti oxides. The growth of the Ti-rich interface layers consisting of TiC was faster than those consisting of TiSi. Similarly, the resistivities of Cu(Ti)/dielectric-layer samples in which the TiC formation was observed were quickly reduced and those in which the TiSi formation was observed were gradually reduced. Compositions of the self-formed Ti-rich interface layers were concluded to be determined by the C concentration in the dielectric layers rather than by the enthalpy of formation. The growth of the self-formed Ti-rich interface layers consisting of TiC may be controlled by C diffusion in the Ti-rich interface layer. The composition of the dielectric layers was concluded to play an important role on the growth of the Ti-rich interface layers.
Degradation of Adhesive-Dentin Interfaces Created Using Different Bonding Strategies after Five-year Simulated Pulpal Pressure. (2019)

Simplified adhesives applied in etch-and-rinse mode are mainly characterized by hydrolysis and collagen degradation. In self-etch mode, simplified adhesives may principally show hydrolysis of the polymeric matrix and/or at the interface of fillers and coupling agent. The use of multistep self-etching adhesives may guarantee greater dentin bond durability compared to simplified adhesives.
Novel isochoric impregnation to develop high‐quality and nutritionally fortified plant materials (apples and sweet potatoes) (2022)

Isochoric impregnation was explored as a novel pressure-assisted infusion technique to fortify plant materials with bioactive compounds. Apple and potato cylinders were impregnated with a sucrose solution containing 4% ascorbic acid (AA) while freezing under isochoric conditions. Isochoric impregnation resulted in greater infusion of AA compared to infusion at atmospheric pressure, which demonstrated the feasibility of this impregnation technology. Processing temperatures (-3°C and -5°C) and processing times (1, 3, and 5 h) significantly affected the AA infusion. The AA content values ranged from 446 to 516 mg/100 g for apples and 322 to 831 mg/100 g for sweet potatoes under isochoric conditions. For both plant materials, isochoric impregnation at -3°C did not cause major changes in texture and microstructure of the biological tissues. These results indicated that isochoric impregnation of solid foods could be a feasible technology for infusion of bioactive compounds without significantly altering their matrix. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings of this study showed that the use of isochoric impregnation as a fortification technique is a promising way to develop fresh-like and value-added products with improved nutrition during preservation at subfreezing temperatures.
Weight Vector Tuning and Asymptotic Analysis of Binary Linear Classifiers (2021)

Unlike its intercept, a linear classifier's weight vector cannot be tuned by a simple grid search. Hence, this paper proposes weight vector tuning of a generic binary linear classifier through the parameterization of a decomposition of the discriminant by a scalar which controls the trade-off between conflicting informative and noisy terms. By varying this parameter, the original weight vector is modified in a meaningful way. Applying this method to a number of linear classifiers under a variety of data dimensionality and sample size settings reveals that the classification performance loss due to non-optimal native hyperparameters can be compensated for by weight vector tuning. This yields computational savings as the proposed tuning method reduces to tuning a scalar compared to tuning the native hyperparameter, which may involve repeated weight vector generation along with its burden of optimization, dimensionality reduction, etc., depending on the classifier. It is also found that weight vector tuning significantly improves the performance of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) under high estimation noise. Proceeding from this second finding, an asymptotic study of the misclassification probability of the parameterized LDA classifier in the growth regime where the data dimensionality and sample size are comparable is conducted. Using random matrix theory, the misclassification probability is shown to converge to a quantity that is a function of the true statistics of the data. Additionally, an estimator of the misclassification probability is derived. Finally, computationally efficient tuning of the parameter using this estimator is demonstrated on real data.
Force Sensor-less Workspace Virtual Impedance Control Considering Resonant Vibration for Industrial Robot (2007)

The motion control paradigm provides sufficient performance in many elementary industrial tasks. However, only stiff motion the robot cannot accommodate the interaction force under constrained motion. In such situation, the robot is required to perform interaction behavior with the environment. The conventional impedance control schemes require force-sensing devices to feedback force signals to the controllers. The force-sensing device is therefore indispensable and the performance of the system also depends on the quality of this device. This paper proposes a novel strategy for force sensor-less impedance control using disturbance observer and dynamic model of the robot to estimate the external force. In motion task, the robust D-PD (derivative-PD) control is used with feedforward inverse-dynamic torque compensation to ensure robustness and high-speed response with flexible joint model. When robot is in contact with environment, the proposed force sensor-less scheme impedance control with inner-loop D-PD control is utilized. D-PD control uses both position and speed as the references to implement the damping and stiffness characteristic of the virtual impedance model. In addition, the gravity and friction force-feedback compensation is computed by the same dynamic model, which is used in external force estimation. The flexible-joint robot model is utilized in both disturbance observer and motion control design. The workspace impedance control for robot interaction with human operator is implemented on the experimental setup three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) robot manipulator to assure the ability and performance of the proposed force sensor-less scheme for flexible-joint industrial robot.