gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of carbides in iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (1995)

The Fischer - Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from the indirect liquefaction of coal has tremendous potential as an alternative to petroleum - based fuels. The use of iron catalysts is desirable due to their low cost, easy availability, good FTS activity and high water - gas shift activity thus enabling use with low H 2 / CO ratios. However, problems relating to attrition and deactivation need to be addressed. In addition, there has been a controversy in the literature regarding the role of the carbide phase and the identity of the active catalytic phase. The main reason for the existence of this debate has been the use of different characterization techniques. Our results with a commercial, precipitated and spray-dried, Fe 2 O 3 - CuO - K 2 O Fischer-Tropsch catalyst point to the fact that conventional techniques like X - ray Diffraction (XRD), X - ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) which have been traditionally used to characterize these catalysts ( 1,2 ) are not very successful in detecting the existence of the carbide phase, which generally forms as 20 - 30 nm crystallites on the surface of the micron - sized magnetite crystals.
De monoklonale antistof NKI-L16 is gericht tegen een unieke epitoop op de alpha-keten van LFA-1 en induceert celadhesie (1988)

Further characterization of the mechanism and regulation o f androgen at the biological
An emended description of Furia crustosa (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) (1990)

Volume: 37
Energy-delay efficient data storage and transfer architectures: circuit technology versus design methodology solutions (1998)

Both in custom and programmable instruction-set processors for data-dominated multi-media applications, many of the architecture components are intended to solve the data transfer and storage issues. Recent experiments at several locations have clearly demonstrated that due to this fact, the main power (and largely also area) cost is situated in the memory units and the communication hardware. In this paper, the main reasons for this problem will be reviewed and a perspective will be provided on the expected near-future evolution. It will be shown that the circuit and process technology advances have been very significant in the past decade. Still, these are not sufficient to fully solve this power and area bottle-neck which has been created in the same period. Therefore, also several possible design methodology remedies will be proposed for this critical design issue, with emphasis on effective system-level memory management methodologies. These promise very large savings on energy-delay also on area for multi-media applications, while still meeting the real-time constraints.
Labeling and Imaging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Quantum Dot Bioconjugates during Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation in Long Term (2006)

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that serve as promising alternatives to organic dyes for cell labeling. Because of their unique spectral, physical and chemical properties, QDs are useful for concurrently monitoring several intercellular and intracellular interactions in live normal cells and cancer cells over periods ranging from less than a second to over several days (several divisions of cells) [1]. Here, peptide CGGGRGD is immobilized on CdSe-ZnS QDs coated with carboxyl groups by cross linking with amine groups. These conjugates are directed by the peptide to bind with selected integrins on the membrane of human Mesenchymal stem cells. Upon overnight incubation with optimal concentration, QDs effectively labeled all the cells. Here, we report longterm labeling of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with RGD-conjugated QDs during self replication and differentiation into osteogenic cell lineages.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Glycine with Bimetallic Nickel−Manganese Oxide Catalysts (2019)

Abstract A simple template‐free hydrothermal route followed by high‐temperature (800 °C) annealing in air forms Ni–Mn bimetallic oxides, namely NiMn 2 O 4 , Ni 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4, and MnNi 2 O 4, which are characterized by XRD, Raman, EDS, and SEM analysis. The electrocatalytic activity of these metal oxides toward the oxidation of glycine molecules in alkaline condition was studied by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry methods. Among other nickel manganese bimetallic oxides and monometallic oxides (Mn 2 O 3 , NiO), Ni 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 shows excellent redox characteristics with high oxidation current density (310 μA cm −2 at 0.43 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and lower onset potential (0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Additionally, Ni 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 exhibits a moderate Tafel slope (78 mV dec −1 ) and is electrochemically stable, as confirmed from chronoamperometry, indicating its potential for glycine oxidation. The linear dependence of the oxidation current with glycine concentration signifies that the overall process is diffusion controlled. The electrochemical results suggest that bimetallic mixed Mn and Ni oxides are promising glycine oxidation catalysts, which may be attributed to the cooperative effect between different Ni and Mn elements.
Indicative oligodendrocyte dysfunction in spinal cords of human fetuses suffering from a lethal motoneuron disease (2005)

Human spinal cord development is still poorly understood and detailed molecular analyses of human motoneuron diseases could improve our understanding of the normal developmental processes of the spinal cord. Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome (LCCS, MIM 253310) provides a human model to study the early motoneuronal development. A typical phenotype of LCCS fetuses consists of multiple joint contractures, distinct facial features, and hydrops. Tissue pathology is characterized by severe muscle atrophy, lung hypoplasia, and degeneration of the anterior horn of the spinal cord as the hallmark of the syndrome. In this study we performed a global transcript analysis of LCCS spinal cords. The RNA expression profiles of these spinal cords were compared to age-matched healthy control fetuses, aborted for nonrelated causes. In addition, we applied phylogenetic footprinting methods to decipher the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in the affected transcripts. Changes in transcripts involved with the development of the CNS and oligodendrocytes were obvious and the transcription factor PAX6 was identified as a key regulator during spinal cord development. In addition, transcript pathway analysis clearly indicated genes belonging to groups with neuronal functions to be affected. Our findings support the hypothesis that human motoneurons and oligodendrocytes are dependent on each other during their development and are influenced by distinct transcription factors previously known to act during murine and chick motoneuron development. These data provide valuable information about the molecular pathways putatively active in motoneuron diseases.
A palliative care (PC) hospice placement : students' qualitative evaluation of experience-based learning. (2013)

The End of Life Care Strategy published by the Department of Health in 2008, describes the role healthcare and non-healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, can play in the delivery of care to people at the end of life. The minimum level of skills and knowledge described for the effective provision of healthcare within various sectors highlights the need for the highest level of communication skills and collaborative working within healthcare teams1. Pharmacy education has responded to develop curricula that incorporate experience-based learning that involves ‘participation in practice’ evolving along a spectrum from passive observation to performance. This study reports students’ qualitative evaluation of a placement in practice with respect to outcomes achieved from the experience.
Cell cultures vs. whole plants for measuring phytotoxicity I. The establishment and growth of callus and suspension cultures; definition of factors affecting toxicity on calli (1977)

Callus tissue has been isolated from 11 species, of 8 which are ‘weeds’ from which callus isolation has not been previously described. Continuous suspension cultures of four species have been started. Growth conditions were optimized for high yield. Logarithmic phase and stationary phase cells react differently to some inhibitors. The larger the inoculum size, the greater the concentration of inhibitor that must be used to achieve equal inhibition. Hormonal constitution of the medium affects inhibition by ‘auxin’ type herbicides. Growth kinetics, delayed response and recovery must be considered in assessing phytotoxicity. Highly uniform and controlled procedures are required for interspecific comparisons of many compounds.
Differential cytostatic activity of monocyte‐derived cytokines against human melanoma cells (1992)

We investigated the capacity of 3 major cytokines secreted by activated monocytes, IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and IL-6, to inhibit growth of melanoma tumor cells. Using neutralizing antibodies against IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and IL-6, we observed that the cytostatic activity against A375 melanoma cells is largely due to the presence of IL-6 in culture supernatants of monocytes stimulated with LPS. A375 cells appeared to be extremely sensitive to monocyte-derived cytokines, since in addition to rIL-6 also rIL-1 beta and rTNF alpha displayed cytostatic activity against A375 cells. We observed additive or synergistic cytostatic effects upon use of combinations of these cytokines. When 7 other melanoma cell lines and short-term melanoma cultures were tested and compared with A375, a major difference in their sensitivity to monocyte-derived cytokines were observed. Although 7 out of 8 melanoma cell lines were sensitive to culture supernatants of monocytes stimulated with LPS, significant differences were found when recombinant cytokines were used. The widely used A375 was the only melanoma cell line sensitive to rIL-1 beta, rTNF alpha and rIL-6. The growth of none of the other 7 melanoma cell cultures was significantly affected by rIL-1 beta. Seven out of 8 melanoma cell cultures were sensitive to rTNF alpha and 3 out of 8 to rIL-6. The results of our study indicate that the sensitivity of melanoma cell cultures for different monocyte-derived cytokines is highly variable, and that it is questionable whether the A375 melanoma cell line, sensitive to rIL-1 beta, rTNF alpha and rIL-6, is representative for melanoma.
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia Presenting as Rapidly Growing Bilateral Breast Enlargement Refractory to Surgical Excision (2016)

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign proliferative mesenchymal lesion of the breast. PASH presents as a palpable or mammographically detectable mass or is an incidental microscopic finding in up to 23% of breast biopsies. Its pathogenesis is unclear but may involve hormonal factors, as recently postulated. Its clinical, cytological, and radiological characteristics resemble those of other benign tumors, including low-grade angiosarcomas and phyllodes tumors. Because of its uncertain pathogenesis, PASH is usually treated via surgical excision, with post-excision recurrence rates ranging from 7% to 22% [1]. Although several cases of PASH have been recently reported, cases of PASH involving large, rapidly growing lesions refractory to surgical incision are rare [2]. In this study, we report our experience with a case of PASH that presented as rapidly growing bilateral breast enlargement refractory to surgical excision. We also review the pertinent literature, including the clinical and histopathological features, pathogenesis, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis of PASH.
Amorphous to Crystal Phase Change Memory Effect with Two-Fold Bandgap Difference in Semiconducting K2Bi8Se13 (2021)

Chalcogenide-based phase change memory (PCM) is a key enabling technology for optical data storage and electrical nonvolatile memory. Here, we report a new phase change chalcogenide consisting of a 3D network of ionic (K···Se) and covalent bonds (Bi-Se), K<sub>2</sub>Bi<sub>8</sub>Se<sub>13</sub> (KBS). Thin films of amorphous KBS deposited by DC sputtering are structurally and chemically homogeneous and exhibit a surface roughness of 5 nm. The KBS film crystallizes upon heating at ∼483 K. The optical bandgap of the amorphous film is about 1.25 eV, while its crystalline phase has a bandgap of ∼0.65 eV shows 2-fold difference between the two states. The bulk electrical conductivity of the amorphous and crystalline film is ∼7.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and ∼2.7 × 10<sup>-2</sup> S/cm, respectively. We have demonstrated a phase change memory effect in KBS by Joule heating in a technologically relevant vertical memory cell architecture. Upon Joule heating, the vertical device undergoes switching from its amorphous to crystalline state of KBS at 1-1.5 V (∼50 kV/cm), increasing conductivity by a factor of ∼40. Besides the large electrical and optical contrast in the crystalline and amorphous KBS, its elemental cost-effectiveness, stoichiometry, fast crystallization kinetics, as determined by the ratio of the glass transition and melting temperature, <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>/<i>T</i><sub>m</sub> ∼ 0.5, as well as the scalable synthesis of the thin film determine that KBS is a promising PC material for next general phase change memory.
Impingement of Axisymmetric Under-Expanded Sonic Jets on a Flat Plate (2002)

An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine heat transfer characteristics of an axisymmetric, under-expanded, and sonic jet impinging on a flat plate. Distributions of recovery factor and the surface pressure on the flat plate have been obtained in detail. The ratio of nozzle exit pressure to the ambient pressure, i.e., under-expansion ratio ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 and the nozzle-to-plate distance is tested from 0.5 to 20.0 nozzle exit diameters. It has been found that the recovery factor varies from 0.35 up to over 1.25 depending on both parameters of interest within the present experimental range.
Proteins of Norwalk virus (1981)

The proteins of the Norwalk virus were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Highly purified specifically immunoprecipitated virions appeared to contain a single primary structural protein with a molecular weight of 59,000. In addition, a soluble Norwalk viral protein with a molecular weight of 30,000 was identified in fecal specimens containing Norwalk virus. The protein structure of the virion is similar to that of the Calciviridae family.
Smartphone as a research platform for hearing study and hearing aid applications (2018)

Smartphones are widely available and used by many people. Portability, processing power and useful features of smartphone, such as audio input/output and wire/wireless connectivity, offer unique opportunity to use smartphone as an open source research platform capable of implementing in real time many computationally intensive adaptive signal processing algorithms aimed at improving hearing study and hearing aid applications. In this paper, we present an overview of several adaptive algorithms developed for classifying the background noise, suppressing the noise, and enhancing the speech in different noisy environments. The proposed algorithms for hearing aid applications can run on existing smartphones such as the Android-based and iOS-based smartphones in real time. Objective and subjective test results are presented illustrating the performance of proposed algorithms running on smartphones in real time.
Dynamic thin film mediated slicing of boron nitride nanotubes (2019)

A method has been developed to slice boron nitride nanotubes BNNTs under continuous flow in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), along with a method to partially purify the as received BNNT containing material. The latter involves heating the BNNTs to 600 °C followed by dispersing in a 1 : 3 isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and water mixture at 100 °C. The VFD mediated slicing of the BNNTs comprises irradiating the rapidly rotating glass tube (20 mm OD) with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Systematically exploring the operating parameter space of the VFD established slicing of <i>ca.</i> 200 μm long purified BNNTs down to 340 nm to 400 nm, in <i>ca.</i> 53% yield, in a 1 : 1 mixture of IPA and water, in the absence of reagents/harsh chemicals, at a flow rate of 0.45 mL min<sup>-1</sup>, a concentration of 0.1 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> BNNTs and an 8.5k rpm rotational speed, with the pulsed laser operating at 1064 nm and 250 mJ per pulse.
The dynamics of repeat consumption (2014)

We study the patterns by which a user consumes the same item repeatedly over time, in a wide variety domains ranging from check-ins at the same business location to re-watches of the same video. We find that recency of consumption is the strongest predictor of repeat consumption. Based on this, we develop a model by which the item from $t$ timesteps ago is reconsumed with a probability proportional to a function of t. We study theoretical properties of this model, develop algorithms to learn reconsumption likelihood as a function of t, and show a strong fit of the resulting inferred function via a power law with exponential cutoff. We then introduce a notion of item quality, show that it alone underperforms our recency-based model, and develop a hybrid model that predicts user choice based on a combination of recency and quality. We show how the parameters of this model may be jointly estimated, and show that the resulting scheme outperforms other alternatives.
Aging Behavior of Photo-Induced As2S3 Gratings (2001)

Amorphous chalcogenide glass (ChG) films are candidates for passive and active photonic devices for applications in infrared integrated optical systems1 as they exhibit high transparency in the 1-10 µm wavelength region, a large nonlinear refractive index, and low phonon energies.
600V LPT-CSTBT&#x2122; on advanced thin wafer technology (2011)

Electrical characteristics of the fabricated 600V class CSTBT™ with a Light Punch Through (LPT) structure on an advanced thin wafer technology are presented for the first time. The electrical characteristics of LPT-CSTBT are superior to the conventional Punch Through type (PT) one, especially in low current density regions because of the inherent lower built-in potential. Furthermore, we also have evaluated the effects of the mechanical stress on the device characteristics after soldering, utilizing a novel evaluation method with a very small size sub-chip layout. The results validate the proposed tool is useful to examine the influence of the mechanical stress on the electrical characteristics.
Relation Between the Aluminum Content of the Faujasite Framework and the Isomerization and Disproportionation of m-Xylene (1988)

For the conversion of m-xylene, the activity of H-faujasite depends strongly on its degree of dealumination. Maximum catalytic activity is obtained for aluminum T-atom fractions equal to 0.10. Surprisingly, in contrast to both theoretical predictions and to the behaviour of H-ZSM-5, for dealuminated H-faujasites the turnover frequency per protonic aluminum site exhibits a pronounced maximum when the aluminum T-atom fraction is 0.09. The present results can be rationalized if, besides the classical predictions on zeolite acidity, a new concept of "hidden acid sites" is handled. Changes of the m-xylene isomerisation and disproportionation selectivities with the degree of dealumination of faujasite are in agreement with this concept.
Pepsin as a biomarker for self-diagnosing reflux associated symptoms in UK and USA individuals (2021)

Background: Reflux is a common clinical complaint within the UK and USA population, often causing troublesome symptoms for example, heartburn, regurgitation and hoarseness. These symptoms are commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Procedures for diagnosing reflux are at present invasive, time consuming and in some cases not reliable, leading to many individuals seeking a quick and easy non-invasive diagnostic method for self-diagnosis. It has been shown that pepsin detection within a sputum and/or saliva sample is a sensitive, non-invasive diagnostic method for proximal reflux of gastric contents. Using pepsin as a biomarker for reflux led to the development of Peptest, which is a non-invasive, rapid diagnostic procedure used to identify pepsin within a saliva sample. The aim of this study was to show how pepsin can be used as a biomarker for reflux, using Peptest for the self-diagnosis of reflux related symptoms.
Supplementary Table 2 from NY-ESO-1 Expression in Meningioma Suggests a Rationale for New Immunotherapeutic Approaches (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 22K, Clinical Variables of Meningioma Cases and Summary of the Immunohistochemistry Results Stratified by Grade.&lt;/p&gt;
A Human Ribonuclease Variant and ERK-Pathway Inhibitors Exhibit Highly Synergistic Toxicity for Cancer Cells (2018)

Pancreatic-type ribonucleases (ptRNases) are prevalent secretory enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA. Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a cytosolic protein that has femtomolar affinity for ptRNases, affording protection from the toxic catalytic activity of ptRNases, which can invade human cells. A human ptRNase variant that is resistant to inhibition by RI is a cytotoxin that is undergoing a clinical trial as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. We find that the ptRNase and protein kinases in the ERK pathway exhibit strongly synergistic toxicity toward lung cancer cells (including a KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> variant) and melanoma cells (including BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> variants). The synergism arises from inhibiting the phosphorylation of RI and thereby diminishing its affinity for the ptRNase. These findings link seemingly unrelated cellular processes, and suggest that the use of a kinase inhibitor to unleash a cytotoxic enzyme could lead to beneficial manifestations in the clinic.
A Technique for Achieving 4000 Microstrain from Hard PZT (1998)

Abstract : The year 1 effort was split between laboratory development and research. A smart materials laboratory was developed for research on the mechanics of electro-mechanical coupled materials. The laboratory includes sample preparation, test facilities, and failure analysis tools as described below. There are presently four graduate students working on this research, one at the masters level and three at the Ph.D. level. There have been two conference proceedings articles and one journal article submitted. This will substantially increase in the coming year. The PI has made four presentations of research results and will make an invited presentation in July, 1997. The PI is presently working on several related programs described below. Departmental support from Georgia Tech is being used to perform work in excess of the original scope of this project.