gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of biostimulants in millet as strategies for tolerance to salinity of irrigation water (2022)

Millet is grass with high forage potential in semi-arid regions, both for its versatility of use and nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a biostimulant and the plant extract (Cyperus rotundus) on the growth forage, and grain production in millet (cultivar IPA BULK 1BF) submitted to salt stress conditions. The research was carried out at the Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil, from February to April 2017. The experiment was installed in randomized blocks, in a 3x4 factorial scheme, composed of a biostimulant (ACADIAN®), nutsedge extract, and the control, in four salinity levels of the irrigation water, electrical conductivities of 0, 1, 2 and 4 dS m-1, with four repetitions. Biometric analysis of all plants was carried out weekly to monitor crop growth. At 77 days after emergence, measures of net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates were obtained. The harvest occurred with the maturation of the grains (ED9), being analyzed the dry mass of the different morphological components of the plant. The biostimulant at the level of 2 dS m-1 promoted an increase of 66% in the leaf area of millet compared to the control. With 4 dS m-1, the nutsedge extract provided an increase of 253% in the leaf area compared to the control. These expressive results obtained with the use of these compounds reflected in a production of dry leaf blade mass. The IPA BULK 1 BF millet cultivar has tolerance to the salinity levels studied in this research. The nutsedge extract and the biostimulant are alternatives capable of stimulating the growth and the production of forage of millet under the presence of salts in the irrigation water, however, these compounds have no influence on grain production
Emerging scientific applications in data mining (2002)

Automated, scalable systems would reveal and help exploit the deeper meanings in scientific data, especially in biomedical engineering, telecommunications, geospatial exploration, and climate and Earth ecosystem modeling.
High performance matrix inversion based on LU factorization for multicore architectures (2011)

The goal of this paper is to present an efficient implementation of an explicit matrix inversion of general square matrices on multicore computer architecture. The inversion procedure is split into four steps: 1) computing the LU factorization, 2) inverting the upper triangular U factor, 3) solving a linear system, whose solution yields inverse of the original matrix and 4) applying backward column pivoting on the inverted matrix. Using a tile data layout, which represents the matrix in the system memory with an optimized cache-aware format, the computation of the four steps is decomposed into computational tasks. A directed acyclic graph is generated on the fly which represents the program data flow. Its nodes represent tasks and edges the data dependencies between them. Previous implementations of matrix inversions, available in the state-of-the-art numerical libraries, are suffer from unnecessary synchronization points, which are non-existent in our implementation in order to fully exploit the parallelism of the underlying hardware. Our algorithmic approach allows to remove these bottlenecks and to execute the tasks with loose synchronization. A runtime environment system called QUARK is necessary to dynamically schedule our numerical kernels on the available processing units. The reported results from our LU-based matrix inversion implementation significantly outperform the state-of-the-art numerical libraries such as LAPACK (5x), MKL (5x) and ScaLAPACK (2.5x) on a contemporary AMD platform with four sockets and the total of 48 cores for a matrix of size 24000. A power consumption analysis shows that our high performance implementation is also energy efficient and substantially consumes less power than its competitors.
Cellulose Derived Graphenic Fibers for Capacitive Desalination of Brackish Water (2015)

We describe a simple and inexpensive cellulose-derived and layer-by-layer stacked carbon fiber network electrode for capacitive deionization (CDI) of brackish water. The microstructure and chemical composition were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques; electrochemical/electrical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and 4-probe electrical conductivity and surface area by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, respectively. The desalination performance was investigated using a laboratory batch model CDI unit, under fixed applied voltage and varying salt concentrations. Electro-adsorption of NaCl on the graphite reinforced-cellulose (GrC) electrode reached equilibrium quickly (within 90 min) and the adsorbed salts were released swiftly (in 40 min) back into the solution, during reversal of applied potential. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies clearly illustrate that sodium and chloride ions were physisorbed on the negative and positive electrodes, respectively during electro-adsorption. This GrC electrode showed an electro-adsorption capacity of 13.1 mg/g of the electrode at a cell potential of 1.2 V, with excellent recyclability and complete regeneration. The electrode has a high tendency for removal of specific anions, such as fluoride, nitrate, chloride, and sulfate from water in the following order: Cl->NO3->F->SO4(2-). GrC electrodes also showed resistance to biofouling with negligible biofilm formation even after 5 days of incubation in Pseudomonas putida bacterial culture. Our unique cost-effective methodology of layer-by-layer stacking of carbon nanofibers and concurrent reinforcement using graphite provides uniform conductivity throughout the electrode with fast electro-adsorption, rapid desorption, and extended reuse, making the electrode affordable for capacitive desalination of brackish water.
Reversed half-echo stack-of-stars TrueFISP (TrueSTAR) (2015)

TrueSTAR makes use of a generic radial sampling scheme that mitigates residual MR system imperfections, offering artifact-free chest imaging at 1.5T. Magn Reson Med 76:583-590, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of nitrogen addition on the structure and field emission properties of amorphous carbon (2002)

The films of amorphous carbon with different amount of incorporated nitrogen are deposited by helical resonator plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH/sub 4/, Ar, and N/sub 2/ gas mixture. As the increase of nitrogen in the films, the optical band gap and sp/sup 3/ bond fraction decreased. The higher field emission current and the lower turn-on voltage are obtained from the sample of the higher nitrogen content. The increase of the conducting part of the films and the role of nitrogen as an electrical donor are responsible for the enhanced field emission.
Primary Investigation of Barite-Weighted Water-Based Drilling Fluid Properties (2023)

Drilling fluid is a critical component in drilling operation due to its various functions. It consists of many elements, and one of the main components is the weighting material which controls the mud density. The weighting material type and concentration have a significant impact on the drilling fluid properties. A common weighting material used in the oil and gas industry is barite. In this work, the impact of barite concentration on water-based drilling fluid was evaluated. The investigated drilling fluid properties are density, pH value, filtration behavior, and rheological parameters. An intense investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of barite concentration on the filtration and filter cake sealing properties. The density and pH values were measured at room temperature, filtration test was performed at room temperature, and differential pressure was equal to 100 psi. The rheological parameters were determined after hot rolling for 16 h at a temperature of 250 °F. The results showed that both the density and pH value increased linearly with barite dosage. The filtration volume, filter cake thickness, and permeability increased with the incremental increase in barite dosage, and the exponential relationship was the best in describing the relation with barite concentration. However, the filter cake porosity had an inverse proportional relation with barite dosage. In the case of rheological properties, all the investigated properties including the plastic viscosity, yield point, ratio of yield point to plastic viscosity, and gel strength at two different times (i.e., 10 s and 10 min) increased in general as the barite concentration increased.
Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) (2020)

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an intracellular signalling molecule generated from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>). Synthetic ADPR analogues can shed light on the mechanism of activation of ADPR targets and their downstream effects. Such chemical biology studies, however, are often challenging due to the negatively charged pyrophosphate, also sensitive to cellular pyrophosphatases, and prior work on an initial ADPR target, the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPM2, showed complete pyrophosphate group replacement to be a step too far in maintaining biological activity. Thus, we designed ADPR analogues with just one of the negatively charged phosphate groups removed, by employing a phosphonoacetate linker. Synthesis of two novel phosphonoacetate ADPR analogues is described <i>via</i> tandem <i>N,N'</i>-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide coupling to phosphonoacetic acid. Neither analogue, however, showed significant agonist or antagonist activity towards TRPM2, underlining the importance of a complete pyrophosphate motif in activation of this particular receptor.
What's next after CMOS (2007)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on new technologies to replace CMOS. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the future for silicon based technologies; the economics involved; new chip design considerations; the likely future of scaling; and the major benefits and drawbacks of silicon based chips.
Cytokines in Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cellular Product: a Mechanistic Insight into Bone Repair (2018)

Cytokines in UCBp stimulate cellular processes important for bone regeneration, making UCBp an excellent candidate for potential applications in orthopedic procedures like bone non-union and spinal fusion.
RNA loop structure prediction via bond scaling and relaxation (1996)

We have developed a method for predicting the structure of small RNA loops that can be used to augment already existing RNA modeling techniques. The method requires no input constraints on loop configuration other than end-to-end distance. Initial loop structures are generated by randomizing the torsion angles, beginning at one end of the polynucleotide chain and correlating each successive angle with the previous. The bond lengths of these structures are then scaled to fit within the known end constraints and the equilibrium bond lengths of the potential energy function are scaled accordingly. Through a series of rescaling and minimization steps the structures are allowed to relax to lower energy configurations with standard bond lengths and reduced van der Waals clashes. This algorithm has been tested on the variable loops of yeast tRNA-Asp and yeast tRNA-Phe, as well as the sarcin-ricin tetraloop and the anticodon loop of yeast tRNA-Phe. The results indicate good correlation between potential energy and the loop structure predictions that are closest to the variable loop crystal structures, but poorer correlation for the more isolated stem loops. The number of stacking interactions has proven to be a good objective measure of the best loop predictions. Selecting on the basis of energy and stacking, we obtain two structures with 0.65 and 0.75 A all-atom rms deviations (RMSD) from the crystal structure for the tRNA-Asp variable loop. The best structure prediction for the tRNA-Phe variable loop has an all-atom RMSD of 2.2 A and a backbone RMSD of 1.6 A, with a single base responsible for most of the deviation. For the sarcin-ricin loop from 28S ribosomal RNA, the predicted structure's all-atom RMSD from the nmr structure is 1.0 A. We obtain a 1.8 A RMSD structure for the tRNA-Phe anticodon loop.
A 617-TOPS/W All-Digital Binary Neural Network Accelerator in 10-nm FinFET CMOS (2020)

A binary neural network (BNN) chip explores the limits of energy efficiency and computational density for an all-digital deep neural network (DNN) inference accelerator. The chip intersperses data storage and computation using computation near memory (CNM) to reduce interconnect and data movement costs. It performs wide inner product operations to leverage parallelism inherent in DNN computations. The BNN chip leverages lightweight pipelining at a near-threshold voltage (NTV) to reduce the overhead of sequential elements. It employs optimized data access patterns to reduce memory accesses for convolutional operation with pooling layers. The combination of these techniques enables the BNN chip to achieve a peak energy efficiency of 617 TOPS/W. The digital BNN chip approaches the energy efficiency of analog in-memory techniques while also ensuring deterministic, scalable, and bit-accuracy operation. Moreover, the all-digital design leverages process scaling and does not require additional memory transistors or passive devices to attain a peak compute density of 418 TOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a memory density of 414 KB/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The binary design is extended to enable bit-serial integer precision operation with a reconfigurable 1-b multiplication circuit and element-wise partial sum shift and accumulate. This technique allows for fine-grain mixed precision and retains energy efficiency by exploiting parallelism inherent in DNNs. The bit-serial binary operation allows for bit-accurate operation and high DNN accuracy that multibit analog compute-in-memory designs struggle to attain. It provides favorable energy tradeoffs compared with small-integer digital DNN accelerators.
Structural Strengthening of Concrete with Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) at Ambient and Elevated Temperature — Recent Investigations in Switzerland (2014)

This paper presents recent experimental investigations on structural strengthening by means of (Carbon) Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) in Switzerland. A first test series deals with full-scale reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with one or two composite reinforcement meshes embedded in a shotcrete layer. Static load tests up to failure show the efficiency of the strengthening in terms of increased yield and ultimate load compared to the reference specimen. Due to the initially necessary straightening of the textile, the contribution at lower deflection levels is limited. Only with advanced cracking and crack opening, the mesh develops its full contribution. Ultimate load is reached after a prompt relative slip of the mesh in the shotcrete. In the post-peak domain, failure by concrete crushing was observed. To study the residual tensile strength of the carbon reinforcement after exposure to high temperatures, various tensile tests on small rovings previously cut out of a composite mesh were performed. The specimens were heated to temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C, and 1000 °C, kept at that level for 30 minutes, and finally cooled down to room temperature. The subsequent tensile tests performed at room temperature revealed a significant drop in the residual tensile strength for exposure temperature higher than 300 °C. A final test was performed on a reinforced concrete slab strip strengthened with a shotcrete layer including a composite mesh as tensile reinforcement. Under a constant service load, the slab was exposed to fire with a temperature rise according to a European standard curve (ETK) for two hours. The slab could withstand the applied loads for the full two hours, during which the composite mesh reached a temperature of about 440 °C. This observation is consistent with the results from tensile tests on filaments, clearly indicating a residual tensile strength after exposure at a similar temperature. The temperature in the internal steel reinforcement did not trespass a critical value of 500 °C as proposed by current design recommendations.
Synthetic Plant Cuticle Coating as a Biomimetic Moisture Barrier Membrane for Structurally Colored Cellulose Films (2023)

Abstract Photonic films based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable candidates for sensors, structurally colored radiative cooling, and iridescent coatings. Such CNC‐based films possess a helicoidal nanoarchitecture, which gives selective reflection with the polarization of the incident light. However, due to the hygroscopic nature of CNCs, the structural colored material changes and may be irreversibly damaged at high relative humidity. Thus, moisture protection is essential in such settings. In this work, hygroscopic CNC‐based films are protected with a bioinspired synthetic plant cuticle; a strategy already adopted by real plants. The protective cuticle layers altered the reflected colors to some extent, but more importantly, they significantly reduced the water vapor permeance by more than two orders of magnitude, from 2.1 × 10 7 (pristine CNC/GLU film) to 12.3 × 10 4 g µm m −2 day −1 atm −1 (protected CNC/GLU film). This expands significantly the time window of operation for CNC/GLU films at high relative humidity.
<title>Accurate prediction of kill ratios based on KLA defect inspection and critical area analysis</title> (1996)

In-line defect inspection is of crucial importance in controlling the quality of VLSI manufacturing processes. Wafer inspection tools such as KLA 21XX coupled with the review/classification stations, such as KLA25XX can be extremely effective in detecting problems in the processed batches of wafers. However, there is a need to properly allocate these machines among several process steps (levels) to maximize their utilization. Moreover, results of this in- line inspection such as defect distributions, both spatial and size, could be used to predict the yield impact of the detected defects. Up to now, the so-called 'kill ratios' were used to indicate the yield impact of defects per layer (e.g., polysilicon, metal1, metal2). The typical accuracy of 'kill ratio' based prediction was around 25%. In this paper, we demonstrate the methodology of yield impact prediction based on critical area concept. Critical area is extracted from the actual product layout by a software tool called MAPEX developed at CMU. The information about defect densities and size distributions is obtained from KLA inspection equipment. A prototype of a software system was developed that combines the information about the critical area with the defect size distributions, declustering of defect data into a yield model. This methodology and software system were verified on the experimental data from AMD Austin fabrication facility. The 'yield impact' prediction (equivalent to 'kill ratio' prediction) was performed for 7 different products ranging from SRAM to microprocessor to telecommunication products. The data was collected from more than 2000 wafers. The accuracy of our prediction was verified by comparing our functional yield estimate to the actual yield values from the probe testing measurements. We obtained an accuracy of 1% for the defects found by KLA in h polysilicon layer for dies affected by single defects only. Moreover, we were able to normalize the defect inspection data for the entire product family. This was possible due to the availability of information about critical area for each of the product. Hence, we were able to demonstrate the advantage of this methodology of determining the 'kill ratios' for the defect inspection data.
Variable Leakage Flux IPMSMs for Reduced Losses Over a Driving Cycle While Maintaining Suitable Attributes for High-Frequency Injection-Based Rotor Position Self-Sensing (2015)

Variable leakage flux (VLF) interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs), which use intentional magnet leakage flux paths cross-coupled with the q-axis flux paths to reduce losses over driving cycles, have been introduced recently, but self-sensing has not been discussed for these machines. This paper focuses on the saliency angular offset attributes that are the primary metric for the well-established injection-based self-sensing methods. This paper begins by evaluating the effect of the intentionally designed cross-coupling in the VLF-IPMSM with rotor surface bridges on the saliency angular offset. This paper then proposes alternate rotor designs with side-loop structure that cause relatively linear and well-behaved cross-coupling that improves the load-dependent saliency angular offset characteristics. The effect of VLF properties on power conversion and driving cycle loss reduction capability is evaluated for the proposed designs. This paper also applies the concept of VLF design to conventional flux-weakening interior permanent-magnet machine rotor design and presents the loss reduction capability of such designs.
Incidence and predictors of aspiration pneumonia in endoscopic sedation (2013)

Study aims: We investigated the incidence of aspiration pneumonie during outpatient endoscopic sedation.
Power allocation in Multibeam satellites - A hybrid-Genetic Algorithm approach (2012)

peer reviewed
Exons encode functional and structural units of chicken lysozyme. (1980)

The nucleotide sequence was determined for the chicken egg white lysozyme mRNA and for the exons of the gene together with their flanking intron regions. The exon pattern is to some degree related to the structural subdivision of the final protein product. However, the relationship of exons to functional units of the enzyme is better established. Exon 2 codes for amino acids 28-82, which include the catalytically active residues and a cluster of amino acids which bind rings C, D, E, and F of the oligosaccharide substrate. Exon 3 codes for amino acids 82-108, which give additional substrate specificity, determine the cleavage frame for the alternating N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylmuramic acid chain, and increase the catalytic efficiency of the active center. Exons 1 and 4, respectively, code for translational signal sequences on the mRNA, for the signal peptide of prelysozyme, and for the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of the enzyme. These regions increase the stability of the molecule but are not directly involved in the catalytic function.