gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Highly Reversible Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Battery based on α‐MoO3/Ti3C2Tz Anodes and (NH4)xMnO2/CNTs Cathodes (2022)

Abstract Aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AAIBs) are appealing due to their relatively low cost and good rate performance. In general, AAIBs are environmentally friendlier than their non‐aqueous counterparts. However, it is still a challenge to achieve highly reversible AAIBs with decent voltages and energy/power densities. Herein, we report on a full‐cell configuration using α‐MoO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T z films as anodes, and (NH 4 ) x MnO 2 /CNTs films as cathodes in a 1 M ammonium acetate (NH 4 Ac) electrolyte. At 2 V, the operating cell voltage, OCV, is one of the highest reported for AAIBs. A maximum energy density of ∼32 Wh kg −1 (∼54 Wh L −1 ) at 0.2 A g −1 and a maximum power density of ∼10 kW kg −1 (∼17 kW L −1 ) at 10 A g −1 are attained. When the full cells are cycled 2,000 times at 1 A g −1 they retain ∼73 % of their initial capacity. When cycling at 10 A g −1 , ∼96 % of capacity is retained after 43,500 cycles. After 10 h, self‐discharge reduces the OCV to ∼72 % of its original value. This work provides a roadmap for developing high performance AAIBs with high voltages and high energy/power densities. Before this is possible it is imperative that the self‐discharge rate be substantially reduced.
Mutants of PC12 cells with altered cyclic AMP responses. (1984)

PC12 cells, derived from a rat pheochromocytoma, were mutagenized and selected in media containing agents known to elevate intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP (cAMP). More than 40 clones were isolated by selection with cholera toxin or 2-chloroadenosine or both. The variants that were deficient in accumulating cAMP were obtained by using a protocol in which 1 microM 8-bromo-cAMP was included in addition to the agonist. Certain of these variants were partially characterized with respect to the site of altered cAMP metabolism. The profiles of adenylate cyclase activity responsiveness of certain variants to guanosine-5'-(beta, gamma-imido) triphosphate and to forskolin resembled those of UNC and cyc phenotypes of S49 lymphoma cells, which are functionally deficient in the GTP-sensitive coupling protein, Ns. Other variants were characterized by increased cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity at low substrate concentration. Diverse morphological traits were observed among the variants, but it was not possible to assign them to a particular cAMP phenotype. Two revertants of a PC12 mutant were isolated and observed to have regained a cellular cAMP response to 2-chloroadenosine and to forskolin. It is hoped that these PC12 mutants will have utility for defining cAMP-mediated functions, including any links to the action of nerve growth factor, in cells derived from the neural crest.
Transmit Correlation Diversity: Generalization, New Techniques, and Improved Bounds (2021)

When the users in a MIMO broadcast channel experience different spatial transmit correlation matrices, a class of gains is produced that is denoted transmit correlation diversity. This idea was conceived for channels in which transmit correlation matrices have mutually exclusive eigenspaces, allowing non-interfering training and transmission. This paper broadens the scope of transmit correlation diversity to the case of partially and fully overlapping eigenspaces and introduces techniques to harvest these generalized gains. For the two-user MIMO broadcast channel, we derive achievable degrees of freedom (DoF) and achievable rate regions with/without channel state information at the receiver (CSIR). When CSIR is available, the proposed achievable DoF region is tight in some configurations of the number of receive antennas and the channel correlation ranks. We then extend the DoF results to the $K$-user case by analyzing the interference graph that characterizes the overlapping structure of the eigenspaces. Our achievability results employ a combination of product superposition in the common part of the eigenspaces, and pre-beamforming (rate splitting) to create multiple data streams in non-overlapping parts of the eigenspaces. Massive MIMO is a natural example in which spatially correlated link gains are likely to occur. We study the achievable downlink sum rate for a frequency-division duplex massive MIMO system under transmit correlation diversity.
A Hybrid Petroleum Fiscal System for Investment in the Exploration and Production E&P of Hydrocarbon (2021)

Abstract Globally, there are two types of petroleum fiscal system; the concessionary and the contractual petroleum fiscal system. The main differences between the two types of petroleum fiscal system is the ownership of the resources and some distinct fiscal terms. The contractual petroleum fiscal system specifies a cost recovery option and profit oil split unlike the concessionary petroleum fiscal system that allows the contractor to recoup his capital before payment of tax. This tends to increase the risk associated with the host government revenue as investment in the production of hydrocarbon is filled with uncertainties. There is a need to redesign the concessionary petroleum fiscal to enable it reduce the risk associated with the host government revenue by making the host government to earn revenue early from petroleum investment. This research therefore evaluated a hybrid petroleum fiscal system for investment in the exploration and production of hydrocarbon. The concessionary petroleum fiscal system was adjusted to include a cost recovery option. Petroleum economic model for investment in a typical onshore oil field was built using spreadsheet modelling technique with the fiscal terms in the hybrid petroleum fiscal system embedded in it. The cost recovery option and oil price in the model were varied between 0-100% and $20-$100 per barrel. The NCF, IRR and payout period of the investment were determined. It was observed that the lower the cost recovery option, the higher the host government revenue. From the profitability analysis of the investment in the hybrid petroleum fiscal system, it was observed that when the price of oil was $100/bbl, the NCF of the host government was $9146 and $8426.3 for 0% and 80% cost recovery option. The lower the cost recovery option, the higher the payout period and the lower the internal rate of return. Though lower cost recovery increased the host government revenue more but it may make the hybrid petroleum fiscal system unattractive for investment in periods of low oil price. Hence a higher cost recovery option was recommended for the use of this type of petroleum fiscal system.
Growth of Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 on mixed substrate (1998)

Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 was grown on a mixed substrate comprising glucose and xylose. Inocula were grown using xylose or glucose as carbon source. Results showed that xylose utilization was delayed until glucose was utilized. Inoculum prepared on glucose showed a lag phase in xylose consumption. Cell mass production was higher when glucose was utilized during fermentation.
Design of a Small-Scale Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor. Part II: Numerical Modeling and Validation (2020)

The experimental data from the laboratory-scale supercritical water oxidation reactor was leveraged to validate the CFD approach allowing for efficient and accurate modeling of the process. The reactor operating on ethanol as a pilot fuel was modeled using CFD with global oxidation mechanism. Fluid properties were determined using polynomial fit approximations, which yielded excellent agreement with NIST data over a range of temperatures at an isobaric pressure of 25 MPa. The model predicts the fluid temperature within 30°C of measured values for different inlet fuel concentrations. The ethanol decomposition of ~99% occurs within 20% of the reactor length at T~600 °C. The analysis of Damkohler (Da) and Reynolds (Re) numbers shows that the reactor operates in a distributed reaction region, owing to the excellent combustion stability of the inverted gravity reactor configuration. The modeling approach can aid the design of future more complex SCWO reactors and process optimization.
A modified split-radix FFT with reduced arithmetic complexity (2005)

Recent results by Van Buskirk et al. have broken the record set by Yavne in 1968 for the lowest arithmetic complexity (exact count of real additions and multiplications) to compute a power-of-two discrete Fourier transform. Here, we present a simple recursive modification of the split-radix algorithm that computes the DFT with asymptotically about 6 % fewer operations than Yavne, matching the count achieved by Van Buskirk’s program-generation framework. We also discuss the application of our algorithm to real-data and real-symmetric (discrete cosine) transforms, where we are again able to achieve lower arithmetic complexity than previously published algorithms.
RING1 Interacts with Multiple Polycomb-Group Proteins and Displays Tumorigenic Activity (1999)

Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins form large multimeric protein complexes that are involved in maintaining the transcriptionally repressive state of genes. Previously, we reported that RING1 interacts with vertebrate Polycomb (Pc) homologs and is associated with or is part of a human PcG complex. However, very little is known about the role of RING1 as a component of the PcG complex. Here we undertake a detailed characterization of RING1 protein-protein interactions. By using directed two-hybrid and in vitro protein-protein analyses, we demonstrate that RING1, besides interacting with the human Pc homolog HPC2, can also interact with itself and with the vertebrate PcG protein BMI1. Distinct domains in the RING1 protein are involved in the self-association and in the interaction with BMI1. Further, we find that the BMI1 protein can also interact with itself. To better understand the role of RING1 in regulating gene expression, we overexpressed the protein in mammalian cells and analyzed differences in gene expression levels. This analysis shows that overexpression of RING1 strongly represses En-2, a mammalian homolog of the well-characterized Drosophila PcG target gene engrailed. Furthermore, RING1 overexpression results in enhanced expression of the proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos. The changes in expression levels of these proto-oncogenes are accompanied by cellular transformation, as judged by anchorage-independent growth and the induction of tumors in athymic mice. Our data demonstrate that RING1 interacts with multiple human PcG proteins, indicating an important role for RING1 in the PcG complex. Further, deregulation of RING1 expression leads to oncogenic transformation by deregulation of the expression levels of certain oncogenes.
Molybdenum-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkene Metathesis (2009)

The present paper discusses novel molybdenum-based chiral catalysts that initiate enantioselective ring-closing metathesis (RCM) ­reactions. These configurationally stable catalysts are stereogenic-at-metal and bear only monodentate ligands. The utility of these catalysts is demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloid quebrachamine. The RCM reaction proceeds in 84% yield (96% ee) and could not be promoted by any of the previously reported chiral molybdenum- or ruthenium-based catalysts.
Sion Power's Licerion® High Energy Batteries (2016)

Sion Power Corporation has created Licerion® , a comprehensive battery system that significantly enhances energy and cycle life of rechargeable batteries with metallic lithium anode. The core element of Sion Power’s Licerion® technology is a physically protected metallic lithium anode. Physical protection is based on ceramic-polymer composite membranes and is combined with specialized electrolyte systems providing chemical protection of exposed metallic lithium surface. This approach addresses safety and cycle life problems that have historically plagued lithium metal electrodes. Protected lithium anodes are currently combined with intercalated metal oxide cathodes typically used for Li-ion batteries ( Licerion® - Ion) and with advanced sulfur cathodes ( Licerion® - Sulfur). Sion Power Corporation in collaboration with BASF is working aggressively on realizing the impressive potential of the Licerion® technology targeting 500 Wh/kg, 1000 Wh/L and 1000 cycles. This presentation will discuss: Failure mechanisms of rechargeable batteries with metallic lithium anode. Current status of 350 - 400 Wh/kg Sion Power cells with metal oxide and sulfur cathodes and their high power and extreme low temperature variations. Approaches pursued by Sion Power in collaboration with BASF towards next generation of Licerion® - Sulfur and Licerion® - Ion batteries targeting to meet and exceed requirements for EV application and for extended unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights.
Femtomolar Concentration Detection Limit and Zeptomole Mass Detection Limit for Protein Separation by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection (2009)

Fluorescence tends to produce the lowest detection limits for most forms of capillary electrophoresis. Two issues have discouraged its use in capillary isoelectric focusing. The first issue is fluorescent labeling of proteins. Most labeling reagents react with lysine residues and convert the cationic residue to a neutral or anionic product. At best, these reagents perturb the isoelectric point of the protein. At worse, they convert each protein into hundreds of different fluorescent products that confound analysis. The second issue is the large background signal generated by impurities within commercial ampholytes. This background signal is particularly strong when excited in the blue portion of the spectrum, which is required by many common fluorescent labeling reagents. This paper addresses these issues. For labeling, we employ Chromeo P540, which is a fluorogenic reagent that converts cationic lysine residues to cationic fluorescent products. The reaction products are excited in the green, which reduces the background signal generated by impurities present within the ampholytes. To further reduce the background signal, we photobleach ampholytes with high-power photodiodes. Photobleaching reduced the noise in the ampholyte blank by an order of magnitude. Isoelectric focusing performed with photobleached pH 3-10 ampholytes produced concentration detection limits of 270 +/- 25 fM and mass detection limits of 150 +/- 15 zmol for Chromeo P540 labeled beta-lactoglobulin. Concentration detection limits were 520 +/- 40 fM and mass detection limits were 310 +/- 30 zmol with pH 4-8 ampholytes. A homogenate was prepared from a Barrett's esophagus cell line and separated by capillary isoelectric focusing, reproducibly generating dozens of peaks. The sample taken for the separation was equal to the labeled protein homogenate from three cells.
Extended High-Frequency Bandwidth Improves Speech Reception in the Presence of Spatially Separated Masking Speech (2015)

Extending bandwidth from 4 to 10 kHz can improve the ability of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired participants to understand target speech in the presence of spatially separated masking speech. Future studies of the benefits of extended high-frequency amplification should investigate other realistic listening situations, masker types, spatial configurations, and room reverberation conditions, to determine added value in overcoming the technical challenges associated with implementing a device capable of providing extended high-frequency amplification.
CACNA1Cpolymorphism and altered phosphorylation of tau in bipolar disorder (2015)

Several genome-wide association studies and case-control studies have associated the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1006737, situated in CACNA1C encoding the alpha 1C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel, with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders. However, the causal pathway linking genetic variants in CACNA1C with increased risk for developing brain disorders remains unclear. Here, we explored the association between the rs1006737 SNP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers. We found a significant association between the risk allele in rs1006737 and a decreased CSF hyperphosphorylated tau/total tau ratio in patients with bipolar disorder, thus linking variation in the CACNA1C gene to a neurochemical marker of neuroaxonal plasticity in those with this disorder.
Multi-object segmentation of anatomical layers in intravascular polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography using convolutional neural networks (2021)

Intravascular polarimetry complements the high-resolution images of conventional intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) with quantitative measures of tissue polarization properties that relate to tissue composition. Yet, additional metrics further complicate image interpretation, and leveraging the quantitative polarization metrics currently relies on tedious manual segmentation. Here, we developed a customized convolutional neural network multi-class segmentation model to detect the intima-media boundary whenever visible and otherwise identify the presence of attenuating plaque that masks this boundary. Combined with the IV-OCT backscatter signal, the polarization metrics that enhance the discrimination of targeted features, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of automated segmentation and lesion identification.
ESD-induced oxide breakdown on self-protecting GG-nMOSFET in 0.1-μm CMOS technology (2003)

Historically, the failure mode of the nMOS/lateral n-p-n (L/sub npn/) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) is source-to-drain filamentation, as the temperature exceeds the melting temperature of silicon. However, as the gate-oxide thickness shrinks, the ESD failure changes over to oxide breakdown. In this paper, transmission line pulse (TLP) testing is combined with measurements of various leakage currents and numerical simulations of the electric field to examine the failure mode of an advanced 0.1-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, which is shown to be through gate-oxide breakdown. It is also shown by I/sub D/-V/sub G/ and I/sub G/-V/sub G/ measurements that the application of nondestructive ESD pulses causes gradual degradation of the oxide well before failure is reached, under the (leakage current) failure criteria used. Finally, the latent effects of stress-induced oxide degradation on the failure current I/sub f/ of the nMOS/L/sub npn/ are studied, and it is shown that as the device ages from an oxide perspective, its ESD protection capabilities decrease.
Methanohalophilus levihalophilus sp. nov., a slightly halophilic, methylotrophic methanogen isolated from natural gas-bearing deep aquifers, and emended description of the genus Methanohalophilus (2014)

A mesophilic, slightly halophilic, obligately methylotrophic, methanogenic archaeon, designated strain GTA13(T), was isolated from natural gas-bearing confined aquifers in the Minami-Kanto gas field, Japan. The cells were non-motile, slightly irregular cocci, 0.7-1.0 µm in diameter and occurred singly, in pairs or as small aggregates. The cells grew with tri- or dimethylamine but not with H2/CO2, formate, acetate, methanol or dimethyl sulphide. Vitamins, sodium and magnesium were required for growth. Optimal growth occurred at pH 7.0-7.5, 35 °C, 0.35-0.40 M NaCl and 15-50 mM MgCl2. The NaCl range for growth was 0.2-1.3 M. The DNA G+C content was 43.7 mol%. Strain GTA13(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF-1(T) (96.4% sequence similarity) and Methanohalophilus halophilus DSM 3094(T) (96.0%). On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic features, strain GTA13(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Methanohalophilus, for which the name Methanohalophilus levihalophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GTA13(T) ( = NBRC 110099(T) = DSM 28452(T)). An emended description of the genus Methanohalophilus is also proposed.
A modular approach for multifunctional polymersomes with controlled adhesive properties (2017)

The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology involves the engineering of synthetic cells by designing biological and chemical building blocks, which can be combined in order to mimic cellular functions. The first step for mimicking a living cell is the design of an appropriate compartment featuring a multifunctional membrane. This is of particular interest since it allows for the selective attachment of different groups or molecules to the membrane. In this context, we report on a modular approach for polymeric vesicles, so-called polymersomes, with a multifunctional surface, namely hydroxyl, alkyne and acrylate groups. We demonstrate that the surface of the polymersome can be functionalized to facilitate imaging, via fluorescent dyes, or to improve the specific adhesion to surfaces by using a biotin functionalization. This generally applicable multifunctionality allows for the covalent integration of various molecules in the membrane of a synthetic cell.
Time domain noise-induced jitter: Theory and precise measurement (1987)

A theoretical relationship between recording channel signal-to-noise ratio and the time distribution of signal crossover (bitshift distribution) is derived. A technique for measuring crossover distributions with 5 picosecond resolution is described.
Triterpenes from Mimusops elengi (2000)

Two new triterpenes, 3β,19α,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (1) and 3β-(p-hydroxy-c/s-cinnamoyloxy) urs-12-en-28-oic acid (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Mimusops elengi along with 3β-(p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyloxy)urs-12-en-28-oic acid (3), which has been obtained for the first time from this species, and ursolic acid (4), respectively. Their structures were established through chemical and spectral studies. Compounds (3) and (4) were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme.
Figure S7 from Cathepsin B Is Dispensable for Cellular Processing of Cathepsin B-Cleavable Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7: Dose-titration curves for BJAB exposed to anti-CD22-VC(S)-PBD and anti-CD22-VC(R)-PBD.&lt;/p&gt;
Momentum distribution of helium and hydrogen in nanotubes (2000)

We compute the momentum distribution of helium atoms and hydrogen molecules absorbed within an ordered bundle of carbon nanotubes. The results vary significantly as a function of coverage and manifest the strong anisotropy and localization of this geometry. For example, the root-mean-square momentum component perpendicular to the bundle axis can be about three times larger for interstitial molecules than for molecules moving in an axial phase confined by a cylindrical film of particles coating the tube's inner wall. These results (which are consequences of the uncertainty principle) indicate that the momentum distribution is a useful signature of the local geometry and quantum state of the absorbed particles in nanotube bundles.
Fermi-level tuning of the Dirac surface state in (Bi1−xSbx)2Se3thin films (2018)

We report on the electronic states and the transport properties of three-dimensional topological insulator (Bi<sub>1-x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> )<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> ternary alloy thin films grown on an isostructural Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> buffer layer on InP substrates. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we clearly detected Dirac surface states with a large bulk band gap of 0.2-0.3 eV in the (Bi<sub>1-x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> )<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> film with x = 0.70. In addition, we observed by Hall effect measurements that the dominant charge carrier converts from electron (n-type) to hole (p-type) at around x = 0.7, indicating that the Fermi level can be controlled across the Dirac point. Indeed, the carrier transport was shown to be governed by Dirac surface state in 0.63 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.75. These features suggest that Fermi-level tunable (Bi<sub>1-x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> )<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>-based heterostructures provide a platform for extracting exotic topological phenomena.