gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Least squares matching tracking algorithm for human body modeling (2000)

In this paper we present a method to extract 3-D information of the shape and movement of the human body using video sequences acquired with three CCD cameras. This work is part of a project aimed at developing a highly automated system to model most realistically human bodies from video sequences. Our image acquisition system is currently composed of three synchronized CCD cameras and a frame grabber which acquires a sequence of triplet images. From the video sequences, we extract two kinds of 3-D information: a three dimensional surface measurement of the visible body parts for each triplet and 3-D trajectories of points on the body. Our approach to surface measurement is based on multi-image matching, using the adaptive least squares method. A semi automated matching process determines a dense set of corresponding points in the triplets, starting from few manually selected seed points. The tracking process is also based on least squares matching techniques, thus the name LSMTA (Least Squares Matching Tracking Algorithm). The spatial correspondences between the three images of the different views and the temporal correspondences between subsequent frames are determined with a least squares matching algorithm. The advantage of this tracking process is twofold: firstly, it can track natural points, without using markers; secondly, it can also track entire surface parts on the human body. In the last case, the tracking process is applied to all the points matched in the region of interest. The result can be seen as a vector field of trajectories (position, velocity and acceleration) which can be checked with thresholds and neighborhood-based filters. The 3-D information extracted from the video sequences can be used to reconstruct the animation model of the original sequence.
THE INTELLIGENT BRAKE SYSTEM (2002)

The air disc and EBS (electronic controlled brake system) became a standard in the truck in the recent past. Main challenges in the future of the brake system are the introduction of ESP (electronic stability program), further improvement of brake performance, reduction of complexity of the brake system and establishing an intelligent, standardised interface for the foundation brake. Knorr-Bremse SfN reports a solution of these issues. An EBS with a system architecture of distributed intelligence with wheel individual control fulfils the above mentioned demands and is the best platform for ESP. To meet the requirements of less complexity and of an intelligent wheel brake, prototypes of the integration of EBS wheel module and caliper of air disc are shown. A report is given on test results from driving tests. This concept is a consequent and intermediate step towards an electronic actuated foundation brake. It is shown that the KB EBS concept of today meets the requirements for future system architecture of an electric actuated foundation brake. The Knorr-Bremse SfN concept of an electric actuated foundation brake is demonstrated as well as a report about driving tests and a comparison of today's brake system, the future intelligent pneumatic actuated brake system and the electric actuated brake system. For the covering abstract see ITRD E119187.
Efficient Room‐Temperature Voltage Control of Picosecond Optical Spin Orientation Using a III‐V Semiconductor Nanostructure (2022)

Abstract Manipulation of the optical spin orientation in semiconductors is a key technology for realizing spin‐based photoelectric information processing. Application of magnetic field is a simple method to control the spin polarization degree through Zeeman splitting. However, this effect can only be achieved at cryogenic temperatures and in a strong magnetic field. Here, room‐temperature voltage control of optical polarization in the range of 3–15%, corresponding to a 12–60% change in relative spin polarization is demonstrated. For this, a III‐V semiconductor quantum dot tunnel coupled with a quantum well spin reservoir is used. The spin‐flip scattering rate within quantum dots is electric‐field‐controlled in the time domain of several tens of picoseconds. This is achieved by precise control of the tunnel injection efficiency of electrons and holes via coupled potential modification. The findings will pave the way for the generation of ultrafast spin‐modulated optical signals by the electric field effect.
Method For Measuring Modulation Transfer Function Of CCD's Using Laser Speckle (1984)

A new method has been developed to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) of an array out to the Nyquist frequency without high-quality optical or mechanical components, without precision alignment, and with only one moving part. Test results for an infrared staring array of PtSi Schottky barrier construction show that this technique is a viable MTF measurement approach in the 3 to 5 pm spectral regions.
Development of an Easy and High-Throughput Cell Assay System with a Culture Chip and an Assay Chip (2010)

High throughput cell assay is significantly important in drug screening, assessment of toxicity etc. Cell assay with a microchip is one of the candidates for high throughput cell assay. However, reported cell assay system with the microchip requires expensive apparatus for refluxing medium and investigation of optimum experimental condition for steady data. For an inexpensive, easy and high throughput cell assay, we introduce a new cell assay system combined with a culture chip and an assay chip made of poly(dimethyl siloxane). Cell culture chips enabled cell to proliferate along the microchannel without refluxing medium and permitted to prepare cell patterning easily. Also, assay chips formed concentration gradient inside the chip and allowed the cell assay with different concentrations of drug at the same time. Thus, our developed cell assay system can overcome the problems of the present cell assay and would promote the drug discovery, assessment of toxicity etc.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Placement of Atrial Septal Closure Device in Animal Model of Patent Foramen Ovale (2002)

Real-time MR guidance of PFO closure, without the use of ionizing radiation, is feasible in an animal model.
Novel method for implementing the mho characteristic into distance relays (2008)

Traditionally the mho characteristic has been implemented by applying torque-like algorithms using voltage phasors. Presenting and analyzing the behaviour of such algorithms in the impedance plane are not straightforward. Protection engineers, however, need to know the relationship between the measured impedance and the operating characteristic of the protection during power system faults. A tool preferred by the protection engineers is one that plots both the loop impedance trajectory and the operating characteristic in the impedance plane (R-X diagram). This paper describes a novel way of implementing the mho characteristic so that it can be analyzed in the impedance plane in a similar way as the quadrilateral characteristic. The method enables the dynamic expansion of the mho circle as a result of the healthy voltage polarization during fault conditions. An additional advantage of this method is that it reduces the computational burden in the relay terminal as the fault loop impedance can be calculated centrally and utilized in zone boundary comparisons for both the mho and quadrilateral characteristics. This algorithm can be utilized in new distance protection designs applied in power distribution and sub-transmission networks.
Distributed Remote Vector Gaussian Source Coding with Covariance Distortion Constraints (2014)

In this paper, we consider a distributed remote source coding problem, where a sequence of observations of source vectors is available at the encoder. The problem is to specify the optimal rate for encoding the observations subject to a covariance matrix distortion constraint and in the presence of side information at the decoder. For this problem, we derive lower and upper bounds on the rate-distortion function (RDF) for the Gaussian case, which in general do not coincide. We then provide some cases, where the RDF can be derived exactly. We also show that previous results on specific instances of this problem can be generalized using our results. We finally show that if the distortion measure is the mean squared error, or if it is replaced by a certain mutual information constraint, the optimal rate can be derived from our main result.
A Parallel Multiple Layer Cryolithography Device for the Manufacture of Biological Material for Tissue Engineering (2019)

While three-dimensional (3D) printing of biological matter is of increasing interest, current linear 3D printing processes lack the efficiency at scale required to mass manufacture products made of biological matter. This paper introduces a device for a newly developed parallel additive manufacturing technology for production of 3D objects, which addresses the need for faster, industrial scale additive manufacturing methods. The technology uses multilayer cryolithography (MLCL) to make biological products faster and in larger quantities by simultaneously printing two-dimensional (2D) layers in parallel and assembling the layers into a 3D structure at an assembly site, instead of sequentially and linearly assembling a 3D object from individual elements as in conventional 3D printing. The technique uses freezing to bind the 2D layers together into a 3D object. This paper describes the basic principles of MLCL and demonstrates the technology with a new device used to manufacture a very simple product that could be used for tissue engineering, as an example. An evaluation of the interlayer bonding shows that a continuous and coherent structure can be made from the assembly of distinct layers using MLCL.
Diffuse Intestinal T-cell Lymphosarcoma in a Yellow-Naped Amazon Parrot (Amazona Ochrocephala Auropalliata) (2008)

A 10-year-old, intact, female yellow-naped Amazon parrot was examined because of anemia, lymphocytic leukocytosis, regurgitation, and weight loss. A positive fecal occult blood and monoclonal globulinopathy were present. A distended proventriculus and diffusely thickened loops of small intestine with irregular luminal surfaces were identified with contrast radiography and contrast computed tomography. A micro positron emission tomography scan was performed with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Diffuse intestinal T-cell lymphosarcoma was diagnosed based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry of full thickness small intestinal biopsies. The patient was treated with a multidrug chemotherapy protocol with little to no effect. Euthanasia was elected, and intestinal lymphosarcoma was confirmed on histopathology of necropsy intestinal samples; no other organs demonstrated neoplastic infiltration. To the authors' knowledge, no reports are currently available detailing the clinical presentation or diagnosis of diffuse intestinal T-cell lymphosarcoma in any avian species.
Pharmacological profiles of presynaptic nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors modulating 5‐hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline release in the rat neocortex (2003)

1 The pharmacological profiles of presynaptic nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptors (NOP) modulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NE) release in the rat neocortex were characterized in a preparation of superfused synaptosomes challenged with 10 mM KCl. 2 N/OFQ concentration-dependently inhibited K(+)-evoked [(3)H]-5-HT and [(3)H]-NE overflow with similar potency (pEC(50) approximately 7.9 and approximately 7.7, respectively) and efficacy (maximal inhibition approximately 40%). 3 N/OFQ (0.1 micro M) inhibition of [(3)H]-5-HT and [(3)H]-NE overflow was antagonized by selective NOP receptor antagonists of peptide ([Nphe(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) and UFP-101; 10 and 1 microM, respectively) and non-peptide (J-113397 and JTC-801; both 0.1 microM) nature. Antagonists were routinely applied 3 min before N/OFQ. However, a 21 min pre-application time was necessary for J-113397 and JTC-801 to prevent N/OFQ inhibition of [(3)H]-NE overflow. 4 The NOP receptor ligand [Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) ([F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2); 3 microM) did not affect K(+)-evoked [(3)H]-NE but inhibited K(+)-evoked [(3)H]-5-HT overflow in a UFP-101 sensitive manner. [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) antagonized N/OFQ actions on both neurotransmitters. 5 The time-dependency of JTC-801 action was studied in CHO cells expressing human NOP receptors. N/OFQ inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation and JTC-801, tested at different concentrations (0.1-10 microM) and pre-incubation times (0, 40 and 90 min), antagonized this effect in a time-dependent manner. The Schild-type analysis excluded a competitive type of antagonism. 6 We conclude that presynaptic NO receptors inhibiting 5-HT and NE release in the rat neocortex have similar pharmacological profiles. Nevertheless, they can be differentiated pharmacologically on the basis of responsiveness to [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) and time-dependent sensitivity towards non-peptide antagonists.
Left ventricular function assessment using a fast 3D gradient echo pulse sequence: comparison to standard multi-breath hold 2D steady state free precession imaging and accounting for papillary muscles and trabeculations (2011)

Differences in volumes, EF, and mass measurements between 3D SSFP and standard 2D SSFP are very small, and not statistically significant. 3D SSFP may be used for accurate ventricular function assessment when papillary muscles and trabeculations are to be taken into account.
Joint solutions of many degrees-of-freedom systems using dextrous workspaces (2002)

Several studies have focussed on robotic systems with many degrees-of-freedom. Such robots often have stringent joint limits. For motion planning, a key question is to find feasible joint solutions of the system of a given position and orientation of the end-effector. In the presence of join limits, the solutions are found by searching the joint space using heuristics. In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm to construct the joint solutions for a robot chain with many degrees-of-freedom and joint limits, using dextrous workspaces. The algorithm provides a set of sufficient conditions to guarantee feasible joint solutions in the presence of limits. The procedures are illustrated by theory and experiments on PolyBot, a modular robot developed at Xerox PARC.
Kernel Density Estimation for Optimal Detection in All-Bit-Line MLC Flash Memories (2019)

NAND flash memories have recently become the main component of large-scale non-volatile storage systems. Recent studies have shown that various error sources degrade the Multi-level cell (MLC) memory performance, including intercell interference, retention error, and random telegraph noise. Accurate integration of these error sources into the analytical model to optimally derive the governing probability distributions and consequently the detection thresholds to minimize error rates lie at the heart of MLC research. Utilizing static derivations will not address the detection problem, as aforementioned error sources exhibit a strong non-stationary behavior. In this paper, a novel low-complexity implementation of a non-parametric learning mechanism, kernel density estimation, shall be used to periodically estimate the underlying probability distributions and hence approximate the optimal detection performance for time-varying all-bit-line MLC flash channel.
Experimental investigation of MEMS DRIE etching dimensional loss (2018)

In this paper, a general approach to evaluate the DRIE etching dimensional loss on a Micro Electro Mechanical (MEM) structure is presented. MEM movable elements are generally fabricated by an anisotropic etching of the structural layer with high aspect ratio. The part to part difference introduced by technological process spreads directly affects the electromechanical response of the devices generating disagreement between simulation model and actual part behaviours. The process variability was evaluated through a set of vibrating test structures in which the flexural elements that define the structural stiffness are shielded by dummy silicon elements of different geometry and number. Results show that the average dimensional loss and the etching reproducibility are directly affected by the local exposed area and etched structure homogeneity.
Sulfur Isotope Studies in Solid Organics: A Protocol for Utilizing Heterogeneous Standards and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2014)

We present sulfur isotope compositions (34S/32S) for nine solid organics—six petroleum cokes and three solid bitumens—demonstrating a reliable method using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for complex, inhomogeneous materials. The protocol uses a homogeneous working standard, a heterogeneous matrix standard, and statistical measures to identify outliers in the analyses. We demonstrate screening methods that minimize the impact of heterogeneities on the SIMS data, leading to a calibrated matrix correction that can facilitate analysis of sulfur isotope composition in solid organics. The thiophenic sulfur and low H/C matrices of the selected materials are good surrogates for many solid organics. Furthermore, the approach is generally applicable to a wide range of materials and provides a means to obtain meaningful SIMS data when suitable homogeneous standards are unavailable.
Evidence for genetic heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of bipolar disorder (2017)

We performed a genome-wide association study of 6447 bipolar disorder (BD) cases and 12 639 controls from the International Cohort Collection for Bipolar Disorder (ICCBD). Meta-analysis was performed with prior results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working Group for a combined sample of 13 902 cases and 19 279 controls. We identified eight genome-wide significant, associated regions, including a novel associated region on chromosome 10 (rs10884920; P=3.28 × 10<sup>-8</sup>) that includes the brain-enriched cytoskeleton protein adducin 3 (ADD3), a non-coding RNA, and a neuropeptide-specific aminopeptidase P (XPNPEP1). Our large sample size allowed us to test the heritability and genetic correlation of BD subtypes and investigate their genetic overlap with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We found a significant difference in heritability of the two most common forms of BD (BD I SNP-h<sup>2</sup>=0.35; BD II SNP-h<sup>2</sup>=0.25; P=0.02). The genetic correlation between BD I and BD II was 0.78, whereas the genetic correlation was 0.97 when BD cohorts containing both types were compared. In addition, we demonstrated a significantly greater load of polygenic risk alleles for schizophrenia and BD in patients with BD I compared with patients with BD II, and a greater load of schizophrenia risk alleles in patients with the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder compared with patients with either BD I or BD II. These results point to a partial difference in the genetic architecture of BD subtypes as currently defined.
Beyond “yesterday’s tomorrow”: future-focused mobile interaction design by and for emergent users (2016)

Mobile and ubiquitous computing researchers have long envisioned future worlds for users in developed regions. Steered by such visions, they have innovated devices and services exploring the value of alternative propositions with and for individuals, groups and communities. Meanwhile, such radical and long-term explorations are uncommon for what have been termed emergent users; users, that is, for whom advanced technologies are just within grasp. Rather, a driving assumption is that today’s high-end mobile technologies will “trickle down” to these user groups in due course. In this paper, we open the debate about what mobile technologies might be like if emergent users were directly involved in creating their visions for the future 5–10 years from now. To do this, we report on a set of envisioning workshops in India, South Africa and Kenya that provide a roadmap for valued, effective devices and services for these regions in the next decade.
LoRaWAN End-Device Antenna Performance (2018)

In this study, we test commercial off-the-shelf Lo-Ra Wanend -devices to evaluate the effect that commercial end-device antenna designs have on a LoRaWAN network.
A General, Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected Morpholines and Piperazines (2012)

A short, high yielding protocol has been developed for the enantioselective and general synthesis of C2-functionalized, benzyl protected morpholines and orthogonally N,N'-protected piperazines from a common intermediate.
Strontium Niobate for Near‐Infrared Plasmonics (2019)

Abstract Plasmonics has developed greatly over the past two decades, and a plethora of plasmonic materials has been explored for practical plasmonic devices across various applications. While noble metals such as gold and silver are the most widely used plasmonic materials, other metals such as aluminum, copper, and magnesium have also been proposed as building blocks for plasmonics. Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as aluminum‐ and gallium‐doped zinc oxide and tin‐doped indium oxide have been suggested for plasmonic applications in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum. These materials have lower carrier concentration than noble metals and therefore have lower material losses at the NIR. In this paper, strontium niobate (SNO) is showcased as an addition to the material database for plasmonics in the NIR. SNO plasmonic properties are studied through experimental demonstration of hybrid plasmon resonances in SNO films. Such resonances are characterized by electromagnetic field concentration in a low‐index dielectric, sandwiched between a high‐index dielectric resonator and a plasmonic metal. The results show that although SNO bulk film has an order of magnitude greater carrier concentration than TCOs, its losses are only a few times higher than in TCO materials thus holding a promise for plasmonic applications in the NIR.
Design of high birefringence and low confinement loss photonic crystal fibers with five rings hexagonal and octagonal symmetry air-holes in fiber cladding (2011)

We present a new cladding design for high birefringence and low confinement loss photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) using a full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched boundary layer. Six cases of PCFs are proposed for comparison. The proposed cladding in PCFs is composed of five rings of air-holes. Air-holes on the inner two rings are arranged in a hexagonal symmetry whereas, air-holes on the outer three rings are arranged in an octagonal symmetry in fused silica. Results show that suitable design air-holes on the inner two rings will significantly increase the birefringence, whereas, elliptical holes with major axis along x-axis on the outer three rings will provide strong confinement ability. The highest modal birefringence and lowest confinement loss of our proposed case five structure at the excitation wavelength of λ = 1550 nm can be achieved at a magnitude of 0.87 × 10−2 and less than 0.01 dB/km with only five rings of air-holes in fiber cladding.