gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TherapyView: Visualizing Therapy Sessions with Temporal Topic Modeling and AI-Generated Arts (2023)

We present the TherapyView, a demonstration system to help therapists visualize the dynamic contents of past treatment sessions, enabled by the state-of-the-art neural topic modeling techniques to analyze the topical tendencies of various psychiatric conditions and deep learning-based image generation engine to provide a visual summary. The system incorporates temporal modeling to provide a time-series representation of topic similarities at a turn-level resolution and AI-generated artworks given the dialogue segments to provide a concise representations of the contents covered in the session, offering interpretable insights for therapists to optimize their strategies and enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapy. This system provides a proof of concept of AI-augmented therapy tools with e in-depth understanding of the patient's mental state and enabling more effective treatment.
A Simple Explanation for the Existence of Adversarial Examples with Small Hamming Distance (2019)

The existence of adversarial examples in which an imperceptible change in the input can fool well trained neural networks was experimentally discovered by Szegedy et al in 2013, who called them "Intriguing properties of neural networks". Since then, this topic had become one of the hottest research areas within machine learning, but the ease with which we can switch between any two decisions in targeted attacks is still far from being understood, and in particular it is not clear which parameters determine the number of input coordinates we have to change in order to mislead the network. In this paper we develop a simple mathematical framework which enables us to think about this baffling phenomenon from a fresh perspective, turning it into a natural consequence of the geometry of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with the $L_0$ (Hamming) metric, which can be quantitatively analyzed. In particular, we explain why we should expect to find targeted adversarial examples with Hamming distance of roughly $m$ in arbitrarily deep neural networks which are designed to distinguish between $m$ input classes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Zinc Amides as the Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reaction Sequencing During Processing of the 123 Superconductor (1989)

Reaction sequencing studies were conducted for two precursors to the 123 superconductor in air and helium environments. In air, the reactants in both precursor systems produce an intermediate 123 phase at 1000 K without going through the BaCuO 2 and Y 2 BaCuO 5 intermediate phases, observed in earlier work with mixed powder precursors. In helium, the fully developed 123 tetragonal phase is formed at temperatures as low as 880 K, but it also decomposes to Y 2 BaCuO 5 , BaCu 2 O 2 , and BaCuO 2 ; the extent of decomposition depends on the temperature. The 123 tetragonal phase completely decomposes by 1075 K, but it can be reformed if the atmosphere is switched back to air at a temperature above 950 K.
Unsupervised classification of variable stars (2017)

During the past 10 years, a considerable amount of effort has been made to develop algorithms for automatic classification of variable stars. That has been primarily achieved by applying machine learning methods to photometric data sets where objects are represented as light curves. Classifiers require training sets to learn the underlying patterns that allow the separation among classes. Unfortunately, building training sets is an expensive process that demands a lot of human efforts. Every time data come from new surveys; the only available training instances are the ones that have a cross-match with previously labelled objects, consequently generating insufficient training sets compared with the large amounts of unlabelled sources. In this work, we present an algorithm that performs unsupervised classification of variable stars, relying only on the similarity among light curves. We tackle the unsupervised classification problem by proposing an untraditional approach. Instead of trying to match classes of stars with clusters found by a clustering algorithm, we propose a query-based method where astronomers can find groups of variable stars ranked by similarity. We also develop a fast similarity function specific for light curves, based on a novel data structure that allows scaling the search over the entire data set of unlabelled objects. Experiments show that our unsupervised model achieves high accuracy in the classification of different types of variable stars and that the proposed algorithm scales up to massive amounts of light curves.
In Situ Monitoring of Chemical Reactions in and Molecular Dynamics of Model Compounds by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (2000)

We have investigated a set of small molecules, which, in terms of chemical groups and overall molecular architecture, are representative of several of the more complex epoxide/amine network-forming systems. The static and dynamic dielectric relaxation properties of selected model compounds are obtained and discussed. The static properties are of interest for their relation to the fundamental material property, the dipole moment. From this relation, the potential for the determination of the chemical composition of reactive mixtures via an additivity of group dipole moments is explored. Dipole dynamics of the model compounds are determined and are related to cooperative molecular and submolecular motions in these simple molecules and it is shown how these findings may be extended to complex polymer networks composed of chemically similar moieties.
Thermal properties of Ti4AlN3 (2000)

In this article we report on the atomic displacement parameters, lattice expansions, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of samples of Ti4AlN3 in the 298–1370 K temperature range. Rietveld refinement of high temperature neutron diffraction data shows that the nitrogen is substoichiometric and the formula is Ti4AlN2.9. In this structure, the atomic displacement parameters of the Al atoms are higher than those of either the Ti or N atoms. The Ti–N bonds adjacent to the Al planes are about 2.5% shorter than the Ti–N bonds in the inner layers. The thermal expansion coefficients along the a and c axes are, respectively, (9.6±0.1)×10−6 and (8.8±0.1)×10−6 K−1. The unit cell expansivity, (9.4±0.1)×10−6 K−1, is in agreement with the dilatometric bulk thermal expansivity (9.7±0.2)×10−6 K−1. The heat capacity, cp, is 150 J/mol K at ambient temperatures and extrapolates to ≈220 J/mol K at 1300 K. At all temperatures cp equals four times the molar heat capacity of TiN. The room temperature thermal conductivity is 12 W/m K and increases linearly to ≈20 W/m K at 1300 K.
Characterization of phalloidin‐negative nuclear actin filaments in U2OS cells expressing cytoplasmic actin‐EGFP (2022)

Actin is a major structural component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells, including fungi, plants, and animals, and exists not only in the cytoplasm as cytoskeleton but also in the nucleus. Recently, we developed a novel actin probe, β-actin-EGFP fusion protein, which exhibited similar monomeric to filamentous ratio as that of endogenous actin, in contrast to the widely used EGFP-β-actin fusion protein that over-assembles in cells. Unexpectedly, this novel probe visualized an interconnected meshwork of slightly curved beam-like bundles of actin filaments in the nucleus of U2OS cells. These structures were not labeled with rhodamine phalloidin, Lifeact-EGFP or anti-actin antibodies. In addition, immunofluorescence staining and expression of cofilin-EGFP revealed that this nuclear actin structures contained cofilin. We named these actin filaments as phalloidin-negative intranuclear (PHANIN) actin filaments. Since PHANIN actin filaments could not be detected by general detection methods for actin filaments, we propose that PHANIN actin filaments are different from previously reported nuclear actin structures.
A 33-mRNA Classifier Is Able to Produce Inflammopathic, Adaptive, and Coagulopathic Endotypes with Prognostic Significance: The Outcomes of Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in the Early Treatment of Sepsis (ORANGES) Trial (2020)

This subset of patients from the ORANGES trial confirmed previous retrospective findings that a 33-mRNA classifier can group patients into IE, AE, and CE endotypes having prognostic significance. A novel finding of this study identifying an association between endotype and corticosteroid therapy warrants further study in support of future diagnostic use of the endotyping classifier.
Mass cytometry reveals cellular fingerprint associated with IgE+ peanut tolerance and allergy in early life (2020)

IgE-mediated peanut allergic is common, often serious, and usually lifelong. Not all individuals who produce peanut-specific IgE will react upon consumption of peanut and can eat the food without adverse reactions, known as sensitized tolerance. Here, we employ high-dimensional mass cytometry to define the circulating immune cell signatures associated with sensitized tolerance and clinical allergy to peanut in the first year of life. Key features of clinical peanut allergic are increased frequency of activated B cells (CD19<sup>hi</sup>HLADR<sup>hi</sup>), overproduction of TNFα and increased frequency of peanut-specific memory CD4 T cells. Infants with sensitized tolerance display reduced frequency but hyper-responsive naive CD4 T cells and an increased frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This work demonstrates the utility and power of high-dimensional mass cytometry analysis to interrogate the cellular interactions that are associated with allergic sensitization and clinical food allergy in the first year of life.
Heme Oxygenase‐1: Transducer of Pathological Brain Iron Sequestration under Oxidative Stress (2004)

Mechanisms responsible for the pathological deposition of redox-active brain iron in human neurological disorders remain incompletely understood. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a 32-kDa stress protein that degrades heme to biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. In this chapter, we review evidence that (1) HO-1 is overexpressed in CNS tissues affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and other degenerative and nondegenerative CNS diseases; (2) the pro-oxidant effects of dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, beta-amyloid, and proinflammatory cytokines stimulate HO-1 expression in some of these conditions; and (3) upregulation of HO-1 in astrocytes exacerbates intracellular oxidative stress and promotes sequestration of nontransferrin-derived iron by the mitochondrial compartment. A model is presented implicating glial HO-1 induction as a "final common pathway" leading to pathological iron sequestration and mitochondrial insufficiency in a host of human CNS disorders.
B10 EFFECT OF SELECTED ANTIDEPRESSANTS ON INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH MODEL OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (EAE) IN MICE (2005)

Lab Biological Psychiatry, Tel-Aviv University, Petah-Tikva, Israel E-mail: [email protected] Abstracts of the 11th Biennial EBPS Meeting
Maximizing the use of the vertical maneuver space for conflict prevention and resolution: Concept, implementation and evaluation (2010)

In previous work it has been illustrated, that the use of a zoom-maneuver as an option for conflict prevention/resolution maneuvers can extend the solution space. When performing a zoom-maneuver as part of a conflict prevention maneuver the velocity changes, affecting the time to the predicted loss of separation. Furthermore, the exchange from kinetic to potential energy is not completely lossless. With a higher load factor, the increase in drag will reduce the efficiency of the conversion, yielding a smaller amount of gained potential energy (altitude) for the same amount of kinetic energy. Finally, the rate at which excess kinetic energy can be exchanged for altitude is limited by the allowable load factor. An important aspect is the predictability of the effects. These factors have to be taken into account when designing a conflict prevention / resolution function that relies on the ability to perform a zoom maneuver to extend the solution space. To evaluate the impact of these factors, and identify possible trade-offs, the Total Energy Control System has been enhanced with an autonomous zoom capability. Using the resulting implementation, a number of simulations have been performed for different initial conditions, load factors and vehicle configurations. This paper discusses the concept, design questions, implementation and evaluation in more detail.
Effects of CaO and SrO addition on PTCR properties and room temperature resistances of Ho-doped BaTiO3 (2008)

Effects of Ca and Sr substitution on the microstructure, room temperature resistances and positive temperature coefficient of resistances (PTCR) of Ho-doped BaTiO3 have been studied. The specimen was sintered in a reducing atmosphere (Po2<10-9 atm) at 1350oC, followed by annealing processes at 1000oC and Po2=1 atm. The lattice constants decreased with the addition of Sr (_15 mol%) or/and Ca (10 mol%). The substitution of Sr2+ for Ba sites in (Ba0.992-xSrxHo0.008)0.997TiO3 shifted Curie point (Tc) to lower temperatures by 3oC/ mol% of SrO at x_ 0.15. The substitution of 10 mol% CaO for BaO in (Ba0.992-xSrxHo0.008)0.997TiO3 caused a negligibly small shift in Tc and enhanced the dielectric constants at Tc. Higher room-temperature resistivities (_25) and larger temperature coefficients (_) were observed in (Ba0.992-xSrxHo0.008)0.997TiO3. However, the addition of CaO effectively improved the microstructure of (Ba0.992-xSrxHo0.008)0.997TiO3 and lowered the room-temperature resistivity (_25) in the (Ba0.892-x Ca0.1SrxHo0.008)0.997TiO3 systems.
A new approach for the verification of cache coherence protocols (1995)

We introduce a cache protocol verification technique based on a symbolic state expansion procedure. A global Finite State Machine (FSM) model characterizing the protocol behavior is built and protocol verification becomes equivalent to finding whether or not the global FSM may enter erroneous states. In order to reduce the complexity of the state expansion process, all the caches in the same state are grouped into an equivalence class and the number of caches in the class is symbolically represented by a repetition constructor. This symbolic representation is partly justified by the symmetry and homogeneity of cache-based systems. However, the key idea behind the representation is to exploit a unique property of cache coherence protocols: the fact that protocol correctness is not dependent on the exact number of cached copies. Rather, symbolic states only need to keep track of whether the caches have 0, 1, or multiple copies. The resulting symbolic state expansion process only takes a few steps and verifies the protocol for any system size. Therefore, it is more efficient and reliable than current approaches. The verification procedure is first applied to the verification of five existing protocols under the assumption of atomic protocol transitions. A simple snooping protocol on a split-transaction shared bus is also verified to illustrate the extension of our approach to protocols with nonatomic transitions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of the Nenitzescu Reaction to Biologically Active 5‐Hydroxyindoles (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vasopressin Does Not Mediate Hypersensitivity of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis during Chronic Stress (2008)

The hypothesis that vasopressin (VP) becomes the main mediator of pituitary corticotroph responsiveness during chronic hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activation was tested by examining the effect of pharmacologic VP receptor blockade on the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses of 14-day repeatedly restrained rats. In spite of the increased vasopressinergic activity, repeatedly restrained rats showed lower ACTH and corticosterone responses to 10 min white noise compared with handled controls. These responses were unchanged by injection of the nonpeptide-selective V1b receptor antagonist SSR149415 i.v., 1 h before noise application. In contrast to noise stress, plasma ACTH responses to i.p. hypertonic saline injection were enhanced in the repeatedly restrained rats compared with handled controls, but responses were also unaffected by SSR149415 administered orally, daily 1 h before restraint. Since SSR149415 effectiveness was low, we used minipump infusion of the peptide V1 receptor antagonist, dGly[Phaa1,D-tyr(et), Lys, Arg]VP (V1-Ant) for 14 days, which effectively blocked ACTH responses to exogenous VP. Chronic V1-Ant infusion reduced plasma ACTH responses to i.p. hypertonic saline in handled controls but not in repeatedly restrained rats. These data suggest that the increased vasopressinergic activity characteristic of chronic stress plays roles other than mediating the hypersensitivity of the HPA axis to a novel stress.
Band broadening in gel electrophoresis: Scaling laws for the dispersion coefficient measured by FRAP (1998)

We determined quantitatively the band broadening effect during gel electrophoresis by measuring the longitudinal dispersion coefficient Dx, with a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching setup, coupled to an electrophoretic cell. We carried out measurements as a function of the electric field, the average pore size, and the molecular length of DNA fragments. Our results are in good agreement with the predictions of the biased reptation model with fluctuations described by T. A. Duke et al. [(1992) Physics Review Letters, vol. 69, pp. 3260-3263]. This agreement is observed on single-stranded DNA [persistence length approximately equal to 4 nm; B. Tinland et al. (1997) Macromolecules, vol. 30, pp. 5763-5765] in polyacrylamide gels and on double-stranded DNA (persistence length approximately equal to 50 nm) in agarose gels, two systems where the ratio between the average pore size and the Kuhn length is larger than 1.
Trop-2 induces ADAM10-mediated cleavage of E-cadherin and drives EMT-less metastasis in colon cancer (2021)

We recently reported that activation of Trop-2 through its cleavage at R87-T88 by ADAM10 underlies Trop-2-driven progression of colon cancer. However, the mechanism of action and pathological impact of Trop-2 in metastatic diffusion remain unexplored. Through searches for molecular determinants of cancer metastasis, we identified TROP2 as unique in its up-regulation across independent colon cancer metastasis models. Overexpression of wild-type Trop-2 in KM12SM human colon cancer cells increased liver metastasis rates in vivo in immunosuppressed mice. Metastatic growth was further enhanced by a tail-less, activated ΔcytoTrop-2 mutant, indicating the Trop-2 tail as a pivotal inhibitory signaling element. In primary tumors and metastases, transcriptome analysis showed no down-regulation of CDH1 by transcription factors for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, thus suggesting that the pro-metastatic activity of Trop-2 is through alternative mechanisms. Trop-2 can tightly interact with ADAM10. Here, Trop-2 bound E-cadherin and stimulated ADAM10-mediated proteolytic cleavage of E-cadherin intracellular domain. This induced detachment of E-cadherin from β-actin, and loss of cell-cell adhesion, acquisition of invasive capability, and membrane-driven activation of β-catenin signaling, which were further enhanced by the ΔcytoTrop-2 mutant. This Trop-2/E-cadherin/β-catenin program led to anti-apoptotic signaling, increased cell migration, and enhanced cancer-cell survival. In patients with colon cancer, activation of this Trop-2-centered program led to significantly reduced relapse-free and overall survival, indicating a major impact on progression to metastatic disease. Recently, the anti-Trop-2 mAb Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy was shown to be active against metastatic breast cancer. Our findings define the key relevance of Trop-2 as a target in metastatic colon cancer.
Searches for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles with compressed mass spectra in s=13  TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2020)

This paper presents results of searches for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in models with compressed mass spectra. The searches use 139 fb -1 of ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with missing transverse momentum and two same-flavor, oppositely charged, low-transverse-momentum leptons are selected, and are further categorized by the presence of hadronic activity from initial-state radiation or a topology compatible with vector-boson fusion processes. The data are found to be consistent with predictions from the Standard Model. The results are interpreted using simplified models of R-parity-conserving supersymmetry in which the lightest supersymmetric partner is a neutralino with a mass similar to the lightest chargino, the second-to-lightest neutralino, or the slepton. Lower limits on the masses of charginos in different simplified models range from 193 to 240 GeV for moderate mass splittings, and extend down to mass splittings of 1.5 to 2.4 GeV at the LEP chargino bounds (92.4 GeV). Similar lower limits on degenerate light-flavor sleptons extend up to masses of 251 GeV and down to mass splittings of 550 MeV. Constraints on vector-boson fusion production of electroweak SUSY states are also presented.
GPR40 Modulators: New Kid on the Block (2013)

Impairments in insulin secretion and action are the pathophysiological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (1,2). Pharmacological approaches to restore β-cell function have led to the use of insulin secretagogues that include sulphonylureas, glinides, and glucagon-like peptide-1–based therapies. Of these, the latter hold particular clinical advantage because glucagon-like peptide-1–modulated insulin secretion is glucose dependent (3,4), thereby minimizing the risk for hypoglycemia—the bane of clinicians managing diabetes across the world.

Fatty acids have long been known (5) to modulate human β-cell function. While acutely fatty acids amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, chronic elevation of free fatty acid (FFA) levels has been thought to inhibit insulin secretion through the phenomenon of “lipotoxicity” (6,7). The cellular/molecular intermediates that are involved in this complex modulation, elegantly summarized in ref. 5, include malonyl CoA/long-chain acyl-CoA, triglyceride/FFA cycling through diacylglycerol, G-protein–coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and phospholipase A2.

G-protein–coupled receptors have recently emerged as novel therapeutic targets because they appear to be closely involved in the pathology of various metabolic disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes (8). Since the seminal article (9) in 2003 about the role of GPR40 (also known as FFA1R: free fatty acid 1 receptor) in long-chain fatty acid–mediated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rodent and human β-cells, there have been over 60 publications investigating the properties and modulators of this receptor as yet another potential therapeutic approach for the management of type 2 diabetes. GPR40 is expressed most abundantly in humans in pancreatic β-cells …