gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Economic Feasibility of Direct Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction as a Route to Ammonia (2020)

The Haber–Bosch process produces ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen gases in a globally important energy-intensive process that uses coal or natural gas as a fuel and hydrogen source. Direct electrochemical ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water using renewable energy sources presents an alternative to the Haber–Bosch process that would be more sustainable. Additionally, the different production structure of direct electrochemical nitrogen reduction technology suggests a supply chain alternative to the ammonia industry and a method for load leveling of the electrical grid. This alternative route to ammonia from dinitrogen would require smaller capital investments than the Haber–Bosch process and would not require a fossil fuel supply. The impact of dynamic electrical power pricing is analyzed for a system that could take advantage of pricing volatility. We show that, under certain scenarios, at achievable levels of energy efficiency with a future electrocatalyst, direct nitrogen reduction would be economically competitive or advantageous compared with Haber–Bosch-based ammonia production.
Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer Patients (2009)

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in women world wide.In 2007 in Norway 2761 new cases were diagnosed.Although recent advances in therapy have improved survival rates, they are associated with significant side effects.The Central Norway Regional Health Authority requested that the Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services perform a systematic review of the rehabilitation of breast cancer patients.Objective: The aim of this overview is to explore literature to assess the effect of single treatments and combination of treatments with respect to improvements in physical functionality and psychological well-being.Methods: Systematic searches in the databases: Cochrane Library, The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsycINFO, AMED and PEDro until September 2008.Results: We included 46 randomized controlled trials.Investigated interventions were physiotherapy, different types of physical activity, different psychosocial interventions, nutrition, complementary interventions and complex rehabilitation programs.The studies on physical activity after primary cancer treatment showed Rehabilitation of breast cancer patients
Chronic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation Correction by Cervical Traction, Manipulation, and Bracing (1986)

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is a well-known cause of childhood torticollis. The rotatory displacement may occur spontaneously or may be associated with trauma, upper respiratory tract infections, or congenital abnormalities of the cervical spine. Unrecognized chronic dislocations can be successfully treated by cervical traction and bracing.
Predictive molecular tumor response through circulating DNA (cDNA) measurements and correlation with established prognostic markers in a series of solid tumors treated with multitargeted epigenetic therapy (MTET). (2019)

e13015 Background: Epigenetic dysregulation of certain genes contribute to the progression of cancers. Plasma ctDNA concentrations can reflect these altered genes and have been shown to correlate well with tumor burden. Methods: We planned to assess the correlation value of c DNA on known factors for prediction of overall survival (OS), recognized as surrogates for survival. Ten( 10) genes of interest, namely NOTCH1, FGF2, MYC, RB1, ATM, MET, BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and, VHL, were selected as being highly influenced by epigenetic control. We included 54 patients with reported cDNA on the genes of interest for this study evaluating the predictive impact of early changes in cDNA in response to multitargeted epigenetic treatment and the patient survival. There were 12 cases with NOTCH1 mutations, 20 cases with MYC mutations, 5 cases with RB1, 15 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, 26 cases with FGF2 mutations, 18 cases with MET mutations, 2 with VHL mutations and 2 cases with ATM mutations, for a total of 100 data points. Tests for statistical significance were completed using the Fisher Exact probability test calculator found at vassarstats.net/tab2x2.html. Significance level was set at α = .05. Results: There was statistically significant (p-value: .046) correlation on the response of the allele frequency of the observed NOTCH1 alteration with similar response in the angiogenesis biomarkers (Plasma VEGF) and presence of circulating tumor cells. There was a significant correlation (p-value: .014) between a decrease in AF of the observed MYC alteration and biomarker/imaging response on follow-up. In the group of 26 identified with FGF2 mutations, 22 saw cDNA alteration fraction(AF) reduction post therapy. 16/26 of them had either c Myc or NOTCH1 alterations. Also 8 /18 cases with c Met alterations shared NOTCH1 or Myc alteration. This represents a statistically significant (p-value: .0001) correlation on the response of the allele frequency of the observed FGFR2 alteration with the response of other biomarkers. Conclusions: There were a number of significant correlations observed between early changes in cDNA allele fractions of specific genes and the later observations of established prognostic markers. We conclude that changes in cDNA mutated allele fractions observed in liquid biopsy may provide an early useful independent prognostic marker for tumors carrying epigenetically influenced targets and their alterations.
Response against single minor histocompatibility antigens. I. Functional and immunogenetic analysis of cloned cytolytic T cells. (1983)

A clonal approach was used to investigate the cellular basis of a T cell response to single minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA). This analysis was performed by functional and immunogenetic characterization of a large number of clones derived from short-term mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) populations generated against the miHA, H-1.3. Forty-nine clones isolated from such MLC were specifically cytolytic for H-1.3-bearing, H-2Db-compatible target cells. Thirty-seven of the 49 cytolytic clones were driven to proliferate when stimulated by spleen cells bearing the H-1.3 alloantigen in the absence of added T cell-derived growth factor(s) (GF). The remaining 12 clones proliferated only when GF was added. A strong positive correlation was observed between antigen-induced proliferation and the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity. A similar correlation was observed when comparing the ability of both antigen and concanavalin A to induce IL 2 activity from the clones. These data suggest that i) antigen-driven or helper T cell-independent cytolytic T cells (HITc) are frequent components of an MLC response to a single miHA, and ii) the ability of HITc to undergo antigen-driven proliferation is related to their ability to produce antigen-induced GF.
Delay asymptotics of the SRPT scheduler (2004)

In this paper we look at the shortest-remaining-processing-time (SRPT) scheduling algorithm. It has been long thought that although it exhibits optimal mean packet delay, the larger sized packets will "suffer" a very large delay. In this paper, we consider this scheduling rule for a discrete-time queueing system that is accessed by a large number of flows (a many flows regime). In such an asymptotic regime where the number of flows are large, we derive expressions for the packet delay distributions for batch arrival processes, and with bounded packet sizes. Using these results, we compare the delay asymptote (i.e., for any finite delay, and asymptotic in the number of flows) of the SRPT scheduler with that of a FIFO (first in first out) scheduler, when there is a mix of packet sizes. In particular, we apply the asymptotic delay result to a system accessed by packets which are one of two sizes: '1' or 'k', and the arrival process is i.i.d. in time. We show that the difference in rate function of the delay asymptote between SRPT and FIFO for the size 'k' packet decays as 1/k. Thus, for large packets, the delay distributions under FIFO and SRPT look similar. On the other hand, for the size '1' packet, the delay rate function under SRPT is invariant with k. However for FIFO, the delay rate function for the size '1' packet decays as 1/k. This indicates that for size '1' packets, SRPT performs increasingly better as the range in packet size increases. Thus, these results indicate that SRPT is a good policy to implement for Web-servers, where empirical evidence suggests a large variability in packet sizes.
Landsat thematic mapper radiometric calibration study (1987)

The intent was to develop and test analytical techniques that will enhance the scientific and technical exploitation of digital multispectral data. The thrust involved radiometric calibration efforts aimed at determining the bias and validity in absolute temperature determinations using TM band 6 data. Other objectives included: looking at spectral characterization; change detection; combined reflective and emissive data use; and mixed pixel and atmospheric adjustments. To date, six TM data sets (five day scenes and one night scene) have been analyzed. Calibration accuracy of the water and non-water satellite-determined temperatures, using atmospherically corrected radiance values determined from LOWTRAN 6 with local radiosonde, non-local radiosonde, and LOWTRAN 6 model atmospheres, have been studied. Thermal values for non-water pixels have recently been determined. Extensive progress has been made in validating our calibration methodology, analyzing TM5-band 6 data sets for water and non-water pixels, verifying the mixed pixel and atmospheric adjustment methodologies, considering the quantitative effects of clouds and emissivities on absolute temperature determinations, and in conducting initial experiments relative to band 7 calibration.
Energy-Efficient Design of MIMO Heterogeneous Networks with Wireless Backhaul (2015)

As future networks aim to meet the ever-increasing requirements of high data rate applications, dense and heterogeneous networks (HetNets) will be deployed to provide better coverage and throughput. Besides the important implications for energy consumption, the trend towards densification calls for more and more wireless links to forward a massive backhaul traffic into the core network. It is critically important to take into account the presence of a wireless backhaul for the energy-efficient design of HetNets. In this paper, we provide a general framework to analyze the energy efficiency of a two-tier MIMO heterogeneous network with wireless backhaul in the presence of both uplink and downlink transmissions. We find that under spatial multiplexing the energy efficiency of a HetNet is sensitive to the network load, and it should be taken into account when controlling the number of users served by each base station. We show that a two-tier HetNet with wireless backhaul can be significantly more energy efficient than a one-tier cellular network. However, this requires the bandwidth division between radio access links and wireless backhaul to be optimally designed according to the load conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Occurrence of Taxane Derivatives. Part 30. Synthesis and Evaluation of C‐seco Paclitaxel Analogues. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oscillatory Microprocessor for Growth and in Situ Characterization of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2015)

An automated two-phase small scale platform based on controlled oscillatory motion of a droplet within a 12 cm long tubular Teflon reactor is designed and developed for high-throughput in situ studies of a solution-phase preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals. The unique oscillatory motion of the droplet within the heated region of the reactor enables temporal single-point spectral characterization of the same nanocrystals with a time resolution of 3 s over the course of the synthesis time without sampling while removing the residence time limitation associated with continuous flow-based strategies. The developed oscillatory microprocessor allows for direct comparison of the high temperature and room temperature spectral characteristics of nanocrystals. Utilizing this automated experimental strategy, we study the effect of temperature on the nucleation and growth of II–VI and III–V semiconductor nanocrystals. The automated droplet preparation and injection of the precursors combined with the oscillatory flow technique allows 7500 spectral data within a parameter space of 10 min reaction time at ten different temperatures and five different precursor ratios to be obtained automatically using only 250 μL of each precursor solution. The oscillatory microprocessor platform provides real-time in situ spectral information at the synthesis temperature, vital for fundamental studies of different mechanisms involved during the nucleation and growth stages of different types of nanomaterials.
Immune regulation by histone deacetylases: a focus on the alteration of FOXP3 activity (2011)

Several histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the regulation of forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) expression and function by affecting features of FOXP3 protein stability. FOXP3, a forkhead family transcription factor specially expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells, controls the expression of many key immune-regulatory genes. Treg cells are a population of T lymphocytes that have critical roles in the immune system homeostasis and tolerance to self and foreign antigens, the body's response to cancer and infectious agents. FOXP3 forms oligomeric complexes with other proteins, the components of which are believed to be regulated dynamically. In addition, HDAC activities influence FOXP3 interactions with other partners to form transcriptional regulatory complexes. By understanding the details of the biochemical and structural basis of the regulation of FOXP3 acetylation, therapeutic strategies for diseases related to Treg cells may emerge.
Bacterial detection and differentiation via direct volatile organic compound sensing with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2017)

Through the direct detection of bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs), via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), we report here a reconfigurable assay for the identification and monitoring of bacteria. We demonstrate differentiation between highly clinically relevant organisms: &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Enterobacter cloacae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Serratia marcescens&lt;/i&gt;. This is the first differentiation of bacteria via SERS of bacterial VOC signatures. The assay also detected as few as 10 CFU/ml of &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; in under 12 hrs, and detected &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; from whole human blood and human urine in 16 hrs at clinically relevant concentrations of 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/ml and 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/ml, respectively. In addition, the recent emergence of portable Raman spectrometers uniquely allows SERS to bring VOC detection to point-of-care settings for diagnosing bacterial infections.
A Consistent Segmentation Approach to Image-based Rendering (2009)

This paper presents an approach to render novel views from input photographs, a task which is commonly referred to as image based rendering. We first compute dense view dependent depthmaps using consistent segmentation. This method jointly computes multiview stereo and segments input photographs while accounting for mixed pixels (matting). We take the images with depth as our input and then propose two rendering algorithms to render novel views using the segmentation, both realtime and off-line. We demonstrate the results of our approach on a wide variety of scenes.
Metal Complexes of Chiral Imidazolin-2-ylidene Ligands (1997)

N-Heterocyclic “carbene” ligands derived from imidazole are promising alternatives and extensions for the well-established phosphine ligands in organometallic catalysis. A general synthetic route to chiral 1,3-disubstituted imidazolin-2-ylidenes as well as the synthesis of several metal complexes of chiral imidazolin-2-ylidenes is reported. The retention of the chirality of the starting materials during the synthesis is proven by NMR data in combination with four X-ray structure determinations of chiral metal complexes. The N-heterocyclic carbenes are once again encountered as strong σ-donor ligands that enhance π-back-bonding in metal carbonyls.
Systematic Processing of β‐Tricalcium Phosphate for Efficient Protein Loading and In Vitro Analysis of Antigen Uptake (2012)

Abstract Microparticulate calcium phosphate (CaP) powders are promising drug carriers because of their biocompatibility and degradability under physiological conditions. The adsorption capability of CaP microparticles makes them interesting candidates, within the inorganic carrier materials, for delivering protein antigens to professional antigen presenting cells (APC) for vaccination purpose. However, in order to bind and deliver a sufficient amount of protein, the challenge is to effectively increase the binding capacity of this material. In this study, β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) powder is engineered to obtain microparticles with increased protein loading, using bovine serum albumin as a model antigen. The decrease in particle size and increase in specific surface area of carrier is shown to strongly affect protein adsorption. Finally, we demonstrate that the processed β‐TCP is capable of delivering its protein payload in vitro to dendritic cells, which are professional APCs and the target cell population for microparticulate vaccines.
A strategy for generating high-quality cellulose and lignin simultaneously from woody biomass (2017)

An efficient strategy was developed for achieving high-quality cellulose and lignin simultaneously from woody biomass using solvent thermal treatment.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Ultrafast Demagnetization Measurements Using Extreme Ultraviolet Light: Comparison of Electronic and Magnetic Contributions’ ” (2013)

In reply to the Comment by Vodungbo et al. on their original paper, Phys. Rev. X $\mathbf{2}$, 011005 (2012), Turget et al. conclusively demonstrate with additional experiments that the theoretical criticism Vodungbo et al. have raised can be safely laid to rest as far as practical experiments are concerned.
Geometric Design and Machining of Variable Pitch Lead Screws with Swinging and Translating Meshing Rollers (1997)

The design of variable pitch lead screws with swinging and translating meshing rollers is proposed in this study. Mathematical expressions representing the surface geometry of the screw generated by an endmill cutter are derived for the purpose of calculating the meshing points on the threaded surface of the screw. This mechanism is modeled using a Silicon Graphics workstation for motion simulation. Two examples are given. Our results show that constant thickness of screw threads can be attained using the design proposed. Finally, the machining settings of a 5-axis CNC machine are provided for manufacture of the screws.
Lead-Free Alternatives for Interconnects in High-Temperature Electronics (2017)

Predominant high melting point solders for high temperature and harsh environment electronics (operating temperatures from 200 to 250°C) are Pb-based systems, which are being subjected to RoHS regulations because of their toxic nature. In this study, high bismuth (Bi) alloy compositions with Bi-XSb-10Cu (X from 10 wt.% to 20 wt.%) were designed and developed to evaluate their potential as high-temperature, Pb-free replacements. Reflow processes were developed to make die-attach samples made out of the cast Bi alloys. In particular, die-attach joints made out of Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy exhibited an average shear strength of 24 MPa, which is comparable to that of commercially available high Pb solders. These alloy compositions also retained original shear strength even after thermal shock between −55°C and +200°C and high temperature storage at 200°C. Brittle interfacial fracture sometimes occurred along the interfacial NiSb layer formed between Bi(Sb) matrix and Ni metallized surface. In addition, heat dissipation capabilities, using flash diffusivity, were measured on the die-attach assembly, compared to the corresponding bulk alloys. The thermal conductivity of all the Bi-Sb alloys was higher than that of pure Bi. By creating high volume fraction of precipitates in a die-attach joint microstructure, it was feasible to further increase thermal conductivity of this joint to 24 W/m·K, which is three times higher than that of pure Bi (8 W/m·K). Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy has so far shown the most promising performance as a die-attach material for high temperature applications (operated over 200°C). Hence, this alloy was further studied to evaluate its potential for plastic deformation. Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy has shown limited plastic deformation in room temperature tensile testing, in which premature fracture occurred via the cracks propagated on the (111) cleavage planes of rhombohedral crystal structure of the Bi(Sb) matrix. The same alloy has, however, shown up to 7% plastic strain under tension when tested at 175°C. The cleavage planes, which became oriented at smaller angles to the tensile stress, contributed to improved plasticity in the high temperature test.
Quantum optics with nanoscale surface plasmons (2009)

We discuss recent experiments involving a new, broadband approach for engineering photon-emitter interactions via subwavelength confinement of guided optical fields in metallic nanowires [1–2]. The tight confinement of guided excitations in these nanostructures, known as surface plasmons [3–5], results in large interactions between single photons and single optical emitters without the use of a cavity, which can further be manipulated using quantum optical techniques.
Large-Area Low-Loss Fibers and Advanced Amplifiers for High-Capacity Long-Haul Optical Networks [Invited] (2016)

This paper reviews recent progress on ultra-large-area low-loss fibers for next-generation high-capacity terrestrial long-haul optical networks. The key optical fiber properties of new class fibers are described, and their impact on the transmission performance for 400 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed multilevel modulation coherent transmissions is discussed. The practical consideration of the large-area fibers, such as splicing and cabling for terrestrial transport systems, is also briefly addressed. In addition, we describe two advanced optical fiber amplifier technologies that will improve the efficiency in utilization of optical networking and reduce total system costs. The design and performance of an arrayed optical fiber amplifier using a compact ribbonized Er-doped fiber (EDF) for next-generation reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer nodes are discussed, and the performance characteristics of complementary Raman/EDFA, which has +70 nm bandwidth for seamless C+L-band transmissions, are described. Finally, we present the experimental demonstration of transmission of 34.6 Tb/s in 70 nm single band over 2400 km fiber.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunnel‐MR and Spin Electronics in Metal—Nonmetal Granular Systems (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.