gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counting the Effect of Crude Oils: Towards Increasing the Efficiency of Carbonate Matrix Acidizing (2023)

Abstract Carbonate matrix acidizing creates wormholes in the damaged formation around the wellbore and is used extensively to enhance well productivity. There are many factors discussed in literature that can positively or negatively affect the efficiency of carbonate matrix acidizing, such as mineralogy, permeability, porosity, and factors associated with the rock matrix and the acidizing fluids. However, the influence of reservoir crude oil on the acidizing operation has not been addressed and is the subject of this study. Several limestone outcrop samples were selected and used in this study after evaluation of their petrophysical properties. The samples were fully saturated with deionized water; some samples were centrifuged and aged at high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions with different grades of crude oils. Linear acidizing experiments were executed; the preliminary acidizing tests showed optimal flow rate of 2 cm3/min. A baseline test was then conducted, using preflush fluid injection prior to acidizing to represent the real scenario of a stimulation job in the reservoir. The preflush helped to clean out the rock matrix, preparing the sample for acid injection. Lower pore volume before breakthrough (PVBT) was observed compared to the preliminary tests without the preflush. Then, linear acidizing tests were run on oil-saturated core samples. The results showed that the lower crude oil API is, the less acid volume needed to achieve acid breakthrough. This is mainly due to the viscous fingering that occurs because of the high viscosity contrast between the low-API crude oil and the 15% HCl acid used. These results show the impact of crude oils with different API on the acidizing efficiency, which is very important information for reservoir engineers and should help proper planning the potential volume of acid needed and in making the right operational decisions for better financial impact.
Nitroxide Radicals@US‐Tubes: New Spin Labels for Biomedical Applications (2012)

Abstract The encapsulation of nitroxide radicals within ultrashort (ca. 50 nm) single‐walled carbon nanotubes (US‐tubes) is achieved. Tempo‐ and Iodo‐Tempo@US‐tubes are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra display characteristic signals due to the detection of the spin probes within the US‐tubes. Longitudinal proton relaxivities ( r 1 ) of both nitroxide@US‐tubes samples are 7 to 13 times greater than the free nitroxide radicals in solution, giving relaxivities comparable to the clinical contrast agent (CA) Magnevist. In addition, transverse proton relaxivities ( r 2 ) show unprecedented proton relaxation enhancement in comparison to any other reported nitroxide radical‐based system or the clinically approved T 2 CA, Resovist, under the same conditions. T 2 ‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom images show that the encapsulation of nitroxide radicals within the US‐tubes produces good contrast enhancement due to their high r 2 relaxivities. The nitroxide radicals@US‐tube agents are a new promising class of spin probes for MRI and electronic paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) labeling, tracking, and diagnosis.
Effects of fabrication technique upon material properties and permeation characteristics of palladium-gold alloy membranes for hydrogen separations (2010)

This work highlights new research into the fundamental properties of palladium-gold alloy membranes. Two types of self-supported palladium-gold foils were studied; membranes produced by magnetron sputtering and membranes produced by cold-working. The cold-worked membranes had thicknesses of 25 microns and gold contents from 0–40 wt% Au, while the sputtered films ranged from 10–31 microns in thickness and 5–10 wt% Au. These films were characterized by single-gas permeation testing in the temperature range of 473–773K and at pressures of up to 772 kPa. Membranes were studied before and after testing by XRD, XPS, XRF, and SEM/EDS. Hydrogen permeability in the 0–20 wt Au% range was found to be a function of synthesis technique as much as alloy content, with no single alloy having superior permeability at all temperatures. Sputtered materials had generally higher permeability than cold-worked materials of equivalent composition, although the thicker sputtered membrane had reduced hydrogen permeability compared to its thinner counterparts. In this composition range, the addition of gold generally acted to reduce activation energy of hydrogen permeation. The differences in membrane permeability by fabrication technique are primarily attributed to preferential orientation effects. These effects also appear to contribute to other permeation phenomena, such as low-temperature hydrogen embrittlement, the dependence of flux on feed pressure, and the formation of long range ordered surface phases.
Deep Learning Based Hybrid Precoding in Dual-Band Communication Systems (2021)

We propose a deep learning-based method that uses spatial and temporal information extracted from the sub-6GHz band to predict/track beams in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. In more detail, we consider a dual-band communication system operating in both the sub-6GHz and mmWave bands. The objective is to maximize the achievable mutual information in the mmWave band with a hybrid analog/digital architecture where analog precoders (RF precoders) are taken from a finite codebook. Finding a RF precoder using conventional search methods incurs large signalling overhead, and the signalling scales with the number of RF chains and the resolution of the phase shifters. To overcome the issue of large signalling overhead in the mmWave band, the proposed method exploits the spatiotemporal correlation between sub-6GHz and mmWave bands, and it predicts/tracks the RF precoders in the mmWave band from sub-6GHz channel measurements. The proposed method provides a smaller candidate set so that performing a search over that set significantly reduces the signalling overhead compared with conventional search heuristics. Simulations show that the proposed method can provide reasonable achievable rates while significantly reducing the signalling overhead.
Blind 2D-SIMO Channel Identification using Helix Transform and Cross Relation Technique (2021)

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for 2D blind multichannel identification using the helix transform in conjunction with the Cross Relation (CR) method. The helix transform is used to convert the 2D convolution of image and channels into 1D convolution. The CR method, known for its simplicity, efficiency and low computational cost, is then adapted and used to estimate the unknown channel coefficients. A main advantage of the proposed approach resides in its ability to help extending the plethora of methods from 1D to 2D blind system identification and ease their implementations.
Supplementary Figures 1-12 from Cancer Vaccine Enhanced, Non–Tumor-Reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Exhibit a Distinct Molecular Program Associated with “Division Arrest Anergy” (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-12 from Cancer Vaccine Enhanced, Non–Tumor-Reactive CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T Cells Exhibit a Distinct Molecular Program Associated with “Division Arrest Anergy”
Development of Heat Pump Loop Thermal Control System for Manned Spacecraft Habitats (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the performance benefits and current technology progress of an active heat pump loop (HPL) thermal control bus for spacecraft and planetary thermal control applications. Having initiated this research more than 14 years ago, this paper also briefly highlights the technical developments and obstacles overcome during this 14-year development.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper discusses the unique features of the HPL approach that make it an attractive design choice for future manned thermal control applications: the use of an heat pump to reject heat to space at a temperature above the heat acquisition temperature, the use of non-toxic thermally stable working fluids, and the use of high-performance lubrication-free (gravity independent) refrigeration compressors. The HPL approach has the performance benefits of a traditional two-phase pumped loop thermal bus coupled with the simplicity of a single-phase pumped loop. The HPL loop also offers the ability to achieve predetermined and isothermal cold plate operating temperatures independent of radiator temperature, and heat load.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We have demonstrated that the HPL can accommodate multiple evaporative cold plates, multiple evaporation temperatures, variable thermal loads, and variable radiator temperatures. We have identified nontoxic and nonflammable working fluids that are stable under the conditions of the catalytic oxidizer used on board manned spacecraft. Two lubrication-free compressor designs have been developed and demonstrated. For small thermal loads, the HPL can use a small lubrication-free positive-displacement reciprocating compressor that is suitable for use in micro-gravity. This unique lubrication-free compressor design has already been fabricated for use in the International Space Station refrigerated centrifuge. For larger cooling loads, the HPL can use a low-vibration, long-life, compact, magnetic-bearing centrifugal compressor. The magnetic-bearing centrifugal compressor has already been demonstrated for other applications.&lt;/div&gt;
The calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte culture: studies of the C-propeptide of type II collagen (chondrocalcin). (1987)

We have shown that when chondrocytes are isolated by collagenase digestion of hyaline cartilage from growth plate, nasal, and epiphyseal cartilages of bovine fetuses they rapidly elaborate an extracellular matrix in culture. Only growth plate chondrocytes can calcify this matrix as ascertained by incorporation of 45Ca2+, detection of mineral with von Kossa's stain and electron microscopy. There is an extremely close direct correlation between 45Ca2+ incorporation in the first 24 h of culture and the content of the C-propeptide of type II collagen, measured by radioimmunoassay, at the time of isolation and during culture. Moreover, growth plate cells have an increased intracellular content of the C-propeptide per deoxyribonucleic acid and, during culture, per hydroxyproline (as a measure of helical collagen) compared with nasal and epiphyseal chondrocytes. In growth plate chondrocytes 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-[OH]2D3), but not 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol alone, stimulates the net synthesis of the C-propeptide and calcification; proteoglycan net synthesis is unaffected. Together, these metabolites of vitamin D further stimulate C-propeptide net synthesis but do not further increase calcification stimulated by 24,25-(OH)2D3. These observations further demonstrate the close correlation between the C-propeptide of type II collagen and the calcification of cartilage matrix.
Development of a V1/V2-targeting Quaternary-specific Broadly Neutralizing Lineage (2014)

Background: Following the RV144 trial demonstration of 31% vaccine efficacy in preventing HIV infection in Thailand, HVTN 097 was designed to evaluate the same regimen in South Africans to ascertain whether their immune response profiles were similar to Thais.This study was conducted in preparation for evaluating a similar clade C HIV vaccine regimen in South Africa.Our study was critical as previous studies have demonstrated that age, gender and BMI impact vaccine-induced immune responses.Methods: ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) expressing HIV-1 Env (clade E, gp120 from strain 92TH023 and clade B TM gp41 from strain HIV Lai , and Gag and protease (clade B) was administered at baseline then 1, 3 and 6 months later with AIDSVAX Ò B/E, bivalent HIV gp120 subtypes B (MN) and E (A244) adsorbed to alum at the last 2 vaccinations.Immune responses were measured 2 weeks after the last immunization.Intracellular Cytokine Staining identified response rates and frequencies of HIV-specific T cells expressing IFN-c and/or IL-2.Binding antibodies to HIV-1 gp120 and V1V2, IgG subclass, and antibody functions (ADCC, avidity index, nAb, and virion capture) are ongoing.Immune responses were stratified by age, gender and BMI.Results: In 68 participants, overall peak response rates of Envspecific CD4 + T cells expressing IFN-c and/or IL-2 was 70.6% (95% CI 58.9%, 80.1%), similar to or greater than responses in RV144.Although not significant, participants < 25 years old had higher response rates observed than those ‡ 26 (76.0% vs. 55.6%,p = 0.108).Response rates in females (75%; 95%CI 56.6%, 87.3%) were similar to males (67.5%; 95%CI 52.0%, 79.9%).Response rates stratified by BMI categories of < 25, 25-30, > 30 were 63.6%, 82.4% and 85.7%, respectively (p < 0.1 for BMI ‡ 25).Conclusions: Response rates and magnitudes of Env-specific CD4 + T cells in South Africans induced by the same vaccine regimen used in RV144 were at least comparable to or better than those induced in RV144.Age/gender or BMI did not affect CD4 + T-cell response rates.
Toward predictive simulations of candidate color centers in wide band gap semiconductors. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
How a diverse research ecosystem has generated new rehabilitation technologies: Review of NIDILRR’s Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers (2017)

Over 50 million United States citizens (1 in 6 people in the US) have a developmental, acquired, or degenerative disability. The average US citizen can expect to live 20% of his or her life with a disability. Rehabilitation technologies play a major role in improving the quality of life for people with a disability, yet widespread and highly challenging needs remain. Within the US, a major effort aimed at the creation and evaluation of rehabilitation technology has been the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers (RERCs) sponsored by the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research. As envisioned at their conception by a panel of the National Academy of Science in 1970, these centers were intended to take a "total approach to rehabilitation", combining medicine, engineering, and related science, to improve the quality of life of individuals with a disability. Here, we review the scope, achievements, and ongoing projects of an unbiased sample of 19 currently active or recently terminated RERCs. Specifically, for each center, we briefly explain the needs it targets, summarize key historical advances, identify emerging innovations, and consider future directions. Our assessment from this review is that the RERC program indeed involves a multidisciplinary approach, with 36 professional fields involved, although 70% of research and development staff are in engineering fields, 23% in clinical fields, and only 7% in basic science fields; significantly, 11% of the professional staff have a disability related to their research. We observe that the RERC program has substantially diversified the scope of its work since the 1970's, addressing more types of disabilities using more technologies, and, in particular, often now focusing on information technologies. RERC work also now often views users as integrated into an interdependent society through technologies that both people with and without disabilities co-use (such as the internet, wireless communication, and architecture). In addition, RERC research has evolved to view users as able at improving outcomes through learning, exercise, and plasticity (rather than being static), which can be optimally timed. We provide examples of rehabilitation technology innovation produced by the RERCs that illustrate this increasingly diversifying scope and evolving perspective. We conclude by discussing growth opportunities and possible future directions of the RERC program.
Dissecting the Catalytic Mechanism of Staphylococcal Lipases Using Carbamate Substrates:  Chain Length Selectivity, Interfacial Activation, and Cofactor Dependence (1997)

p-Nitrophenyl N-alkylcarbamates with different alkyl chains were used as substrates to determine separately the carbamylation and decarbamylation rates of the lipases from Staphylococcus hyicus and S. aureus. Both enzymes are reversibly inhibited by these compounds due to a rapid carbamylation of their active site serines followed by a slow decarbamylation. The carbamylation reaction is strongly pH-dependent and the pH profile suggests that an unprotonated histidine is required for this reaction. In contrast, the decarbamylation is pH-independent suggesting the presence of a hydrogen bond between the active site histidine and the carbamyl moiety. S. hyicus lipase preferably reacts with medium to long chain carbamates with an optimum for eight carbon atoms. In contrast, S. aureus lipase is highly specific for short chain carbamates. These results are in agreement with the respective substrate preferences of both lipases toward natural lipids. The decarbamylation rates of both enzymes hardly depend on the alkyl chain length, and from this it is concluded that chain length selectivity is expressed in the first step of catalysis. Both the carbamylation and decarbamylation reaction rates of S. hyicus lipase are enhanced in the presence of micelles, the activation effect being most pronounced in the first step. For the S. aureus lipase only a small influence of interfaces on both reaction steps was observed. These results are discussed in view of a possible role of a lid covering the active site. Kinetic experiments in the presence and absence of calcium strongly suggest that calcium ions are important for the structural stabilization of the unmodified as well as of the carbamylated enzymes. This structural function of calcium was supported by urea unfolding experiments, from which it appeared that for both enzymes the free energy for unfolding is significantly lower in the absence of calcium. In conclusion our results show that kinetic differences between both lipases reside in the acylation step, and that calcium is important for the structural stabilization of the unmodified, and moreover, the acylated enzymes.
Multiscale Dynamics of Ionic Liquids Confined in Ionogel Membrane for Lithium Batteries (2011)

We present nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) of the ionic liquid and Li‐ionogel confined within a silica‐like mesoporous matrices designed for lithium batteries. These results evidence clearly the impact of the liquid confinement in favour of a very‐correlated dynamical motion of the anion—cation pair within the solid and disordered silica matrix.
Notiz über Synthese, Eigenschaften und Reaktionen des 4‐Methoxy‐2‐phenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepins1) (1987)

The title compound 3 is synthesized by O ‐alkylation of the corresponding lactam 1 . The behaviour of 3 is different from a compound with the same formula which has been published recently in this journal 2) ; the structure of 3 therefore was confirmed by X‐ray structure determination.
Crosslinking of the human Fc receptor for IgA (FcalphaRI/CD89) triggers FcR gamma-chain-dependent shedding of soluble CD89. (1999)

CD89/FcalphaRI is a 55- to 75-kDa type I receptor glycoprotein, expressed on myeloid cells, with important immune effector functions. At present, no information is available on the existence of soluble forms of this receptor. We developed an ELISA for the detection of soluble CD89 (sCD89) forms and investigated the regulation of sCD89 production. PMA/ionomycin stimulation of monocytic cell lines (U937, THP-1, and MM6), but not of neutrophils, resulted in release of sCD89. Crosslinking of CD89 either via its ligand IgA or with anti-CD89 mAbs similarly resulted in sCD89 release. Using CD89-transfected cells, we showed ligand-induced shedding to be dependent on coexpression of the FcR gamma-chain subunit. Shedding of sCD89 was dependent on signaling via the gamma-chain and prevented by addition of inhibitors of protein kinase C (staurosporine) or protein tyrosine kinases (genistein). Western blotting revealed sCD89 to have an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa and to bind IgA in a dose-dependent fashion. In conclusion, the present data document a ligand-binding soluble form of CD89 that is released upon activation of CD89-expressing cells. Shedding of CD89 may play a role in fine-tuning CD89 immune effector functions.
Catalytic activity of mordenites with polyvalent cations in reaction of N/sub 2/O decomposition (1983)

The catalytic activity of mordenites containing cations of alkaline-earth and certain rare-earth elements has been investigated in the reaction of N/sub 2/O decomposition. It was found that the catalytic activity of the different cationic forms of mordenite is determined solely by the number of strong oxidizing centers created upon the appearance of the H-form of mordenite. Only the Ce/sup 3 +/ cation, among those cations investigated, probably contributed to the catalytic activity.
Comparison of various InGaAs-based solar cells for concentrated photovoltaics applications (2022)

InGaAs lattice matched to InP is a promising material for bottom sub-cell in a 4-junction solar cell designed for concentrated photovoltaics applications. Here we compare the performances of two structures that could replace standard monolithic InGaAs homojuntion. The first one is a stand-alone solar cell realized via epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process on a flexible substrate. The second one is a heterojunction solar cell, kept on its parent InP substrate, composed of an InP emitter and an InGaAs absorber. A third structure made of an homojunction InGaAs solar cell on an InP substrate is used as reference. Under one sun illumination the heterojunction solar cell shows the highest VOC (383 mV) and fill factor. Nevertheless, when performing under concentrated sunlight the structure is limited by a lower VOC increase rate and a high series resistance compared to the ELO cell. Indeed, ELO cell shows a lower VOC (353 mV) than the two other structures under one sun illumination but, when performing under concentration, ELO cell recovers VOC and shows a lower impact of series resistance. Therefore, both ELO and heterojunction solar cell show interesting and complementary behaviors that could be interesting to associate in an ELO-heterojunction solar cell.