gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced metrics for identification of forearm rehabilitation (1995)

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of different spatial force reflection algorithms on target acquisition for both able-bodied and spastic individuals, and to compare the sensitivity of time domain parameters to phase plane parameters as metrics of altered performance. Individuals who experience random motor spasms during forearm motion were selected from diagnostic groups including head trauma, cerebro-vascular accident, and cerebral palsy. The experiment investigated the ability of four spatial force reflection algorithms to enhance target acquisition performance for these individuals and for able-bodied controls. Time domain performance metrics included reaction, motion, and acquisition times. These parameters show that spastic individuals benefit from force reflection and that improvement is enhanced with increasing Polynomial order of the force reflection algorithm. Error phase plane parameters appear to be even more sensitive to the effect of force reflection and reveal that able-bodied subjects spend less time on fine motor control with the aid of force reflection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Small-Size Shielded Metallic Stacked Fabry–Perot Cavity Antennas With Large Bandwidth for Space Applications (2011)

New configurations of small-size shielded metallic Fabry–Perot (FP) antennas with improved performance over a large frequency band are presented in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$S$</tex></formula> -band for space missions. The bandwidth enlargement is obtained by stacking two FP cavities of different size, each of them presenting a low quality factor. Their radiating apertures measure around <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda_{0}$</tex></formula> and 2 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\lambda_{0}$</tex></formula> , respectively. Concentric corrugations are also introduced between both cavities to control the higher-order modes that are excited systematically in shielded small-size FP antennas due to lateral resonances. The obtained results are compared to those of a single-stage FP cavity antenna with the same aperture size. Several prototypes have been fabricated and measured. An aperture efficiency higher than 70%, a reflection coefficient smaller than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$- $</tex></formula> 15 dB, and sidelobe levels lower than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${- }$</tex></formula> 20 dB have been obtained experimentally, over a wide frequency band (2.4–2.66 GHz). These characteristics make stacked FP cavity antennas very attractive to replace global coverage horn antennas, or to be used in feed clusters of multiple-beam antennas, especially in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$C$</tex></formula> - and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$S$</tex></formula> -bands, where they lead to more compact and less bulky solutions compared to classical feed horns.
Multiscale sparse microcanonical models (2019)

We study approximations of non-Gaussian stationary processes having long range correlations with microcanonical models. These models are conditioned by the empirical value of an energy vector, evaluated on a single realization. Asymptotic properties of maximum entropy microcanonical and macrocanonical processes and their convergence to Gibbs measures are reviewed. We show that the Jacobian of the energy vector controls the entropy rate of microcanonical processes. Sampling maximum entropy processes through MCMC algorithms require too many operations when the number of constraints is large. We define microcanonical gradient descent processes by transporting a maximum entropy measure with a gradient descent algorithm which enforces the energy conditions. Convergence and symmetries are analyzed. Approximations of non-Gaussian processes with long range interactions are defined with multiscale energy vectors computed with wavelet and scattering transforms. Sparsity properties are captured with \mathbf{l}^1 norms. Approximations of Gaussian, Ising and point processes are studied, as well as image and audio texture synthesis.
Development, Processing, and Testing of High-Performance Corrosion-Resistant HVOF Coatings (2003)

New amorphous-metal and ceramic coatings applied by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process may reduce the waste package materials cost of the Yucca Mountain high-level nuclear waste repository by over $4 billion (cost reduction of 27 to 42%). Two critical requirements that have been determined from design analysis are protection in brines that may evolve from the evaporative concentration of pore waters and protection for waste package welds, thereby preventing exposure to environments that might cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Our efforts are directed towards producing and evaluating these high-performance coatings for the development of lower cost waste packages, and will leverage a cost-effective collaboration with DARPA for applications involving marine corrosion.
Virtual view generation of natural panorama scenes by setting representation (2002)

This paper proposes a technique to generate virtual views of a natural panorama scene. The scene is captured by an original 3-camera system. The images are stitched into a stereo panorama and the depth is estimated. The texture panorama is segmented into regions, each of which can be regarded to be approximated as a plane. The planar parameter set of the region for setting representation is calculated depending on the depth data. According to the representation the virtual views are generated using center panorama texture, and left and right panoramas are used for occlusion compensation.
Low Risk Technique for Sample Acquisition from Remote and Hazardous Sites on a Comet (2018)

This paper describes a mission comet sampling strategy, known as CORSAIR (COmet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return), which was proposed for NASA New Frontiers 2017. The proposal was led by Applied Physics Lab (APL) with partners Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The mission concept is to launch a projectile from a satellite that is capable of gathering a 300 cc sample. The projectile is tethered and is reeled back to the spacecraft after gathering the sample. Once back at the spacecraft, a robotic manipulator extracts the sample cartridge and places the cartridge into an earth return vehicle (ERV). This method has the following favorable characteristics: 1. Places the mission at minimal risk by isolating the spacecraft from the comet 2. Allows access to remote and otherwise inaccessible locations 3. Permits deep penetration into the surface
Securely Computing a Ground Speed Model (2017)

Consider a server offering risk assessment services and potential clients of these services. The risk assessment model that is run by the server is based on current and historical data of the clients. However, the clients might prefer not sharing such sensitive data with external parties such as the server, and the server might consider the possession of this data as a liability rather than an asset. Secure multi-party computation (MPC) enables one, in principle, to compute any function while hiding the inputs to the function, and would thus enable the computation of the risk assessment model while hiding the client’s data from the server. However, a direct application of a generic MPC solution to this problem is rather inefficient due to the large scale of the data and the complexity of the function. We examine a specific case of risk assessment—the ground speed model. In this model, the geographical locations of successive user-authentication attempts are compared, and a warning flag is raised if the physical speed required to move between these locations is greater than some threshold, and some other conditions, such as authentication from two related networks, do not hold. We describe a very efficient secure computation solution that is tailored for this problem. This solution demonstrates that a risk model can be applied over encrypted data with sufficient efficiency to fit the requirements of commercial systems.
Long-range absorption enhancement in organic tandem thin-film solar cells containing silver nanoclusters (2004)

We investigate the optical properties of silver nanoparticles used in tandem ultrathin-film organic photovoltaic cells. Experimental results indicate that the enhancement of an incident optical field persists into an organic dielectric for distances of up to 10nm from the center of an array of approximately 5-nm-diameter nanoparticles. Furthermore, this enhancement exists far from the resonant particle surface-plasmon excitation energy. We propose a model to explain this long-range enhancement and investigate the role that cluster spacing, shape, and an embedding dielectric medium with a complex dielectric constant play in determining plasmon enhancement. This effect is shown to increase the efficiency of tandem organic solar cells, and the implications for further solar cell efficiency improvements are discussed.
The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation (2014)

The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium infects all major vertebrate groups and causes significant diarrhea in humans, with a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Children and immunodeficient individuals are disproportionately affected, especially in developing countries, where cryptosporidiosis contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in preschool-age children. Despite the enormous disease burden from cryptosporidiosis, no antiprotozoal agent or vaccine exists for effective treatment or prevention. Cryptosporidiosis involving the respiratory tract has been described for avian species and mammals, including immunocompromised humans. Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that Cryptosporidium may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. It is postulated that transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts may occur by inhalation of aerosolized droplets or by contact with fomites contaminated by coughing. Delineating the role of the respiratory tract in disease transmission may provide necessary evidence to establish further guidelines for prevention of cryptosporidiosis.
Enhanced estimation of boundary layer advective properties to improve space‐to‐time conversion processes for wind energy applications (2019)

Abstract Remote sensing instruments that scan have the ability to provide high‐resolution spatial measurements of atmospheric boundary layer winds across a region. However, the ability to use these spatially distributed measurements to extract temporal variations in the flow at time scales less than the measurement revisit period is historically limited. As part of this work, the framework for an enhanced space‐to‐time conversion technique is established, allowing for time histories of atmospheric boundary layer wind characteristics to be reliably extracted for locations within the measurement domain. This space‐to‐time conversion technique is made possible by quantifying momentum advection within the measurement domain, rather than simply assuming a uniform advection based on a singular mean wind speed and direction. The use of this technique enables the extraction of long lead‐time (ie, upwards of 60 seconds) forecasts of wind speed and direction at individual locations within the measurement domain, thereby expanding the application and potential benefits of scanning instruments. For example, these long lead‐time forecasts can be used to enhance proactive wind turbine control and more accurately define wind turbine wake statistics.
High current electron beam accelerating module (1990)

An induction 1 Mev accelerating module was developed to accelerate 100 nsec electron pulses at current of 10 kA. The module is capable to operate in pulse train mode. It comprises of 6 induction cells each supplying 160 kV and driven by 3 hight-voltage impulse generators with mugnetic pulse compression alike the MAG-1 generator. Vacuum spark gaps were used to energy commutation. A process of production metglass cores was developed and the generator cores were made.
In VitroInhibition of Testosterone Biosynthesis by Ketoconazole (1985)

Oral ketoconazole has been demonstrated to lower plasma testosterone in man. Measurement of blood precursors of testosterone suggest that ketoconazole may have its effect inhibiting the 17,20-desmolase enzyme within the testis. To substantiate this, a series of in vitro experiments was conducted using the rat testis to determine where in the testosterone biosynthetic pathway ketoconazole has its effect. To accomplish this, an assay system to measure 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-desmolase, and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities involved in the delta 4-testosterone biosynthetic pathway was developed. It was demonstrated from dose-response and time-course experiments that a dose of approximately 10 micrograms/ml ketoconazole was sufficient to inhibit in vitro testicular steroidogenesis. Using dosages between 10 and 300 micrograms/ml ketoconazole, a marked inhibition of both the 17 alpha-hydroxylase and the 17,20-desmolase activities occurred. Ketoconazole under these conditions had no effect on 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Ketoconazole also inhibited the increased activity of these enzymes induced by hCG (1 IU). These data confirm the observation that in vitro ketoconazole has a direct inhibitory effect on 17,20-desmolase activity. These results further suggest that ketoconazole has more than one site of action in inhibiting testosterone biosynthesis in the testis and may indeed be a suitable agent for the treatment of patients with disseminated prostate cancer.
Synthesis and Activity of New Epipolythiopiperazine-2,5-dione Compounds. I. (1993)

The new lipophilic epipolythiopiperazine-2,5-diones 1,4-dibutylepidithiopiperazine-2,5-dione. 1,4-dibenzylepidithiopiperazine-2,5-dione, 1-benzyl-4-methylepidithiopiperazine-2,5-dione and 3,3'-dithiobis(1,4-dimethylpiperazine-2,5-dione) were synthesized. Unlike the parent compound, the fungal toxin and immunomodulating agent gliotoxin, these compounds did not affect macrophage adherence and cell proliferation in vitro. Like the reduced form of gliotoxin and other simple analogues, these new compounds induce oxidative damage to naked DNA. We conclude that an increase in lipophilicity plays no part in the biological activity of these compounds and in fact abrogates almost all activity. We also synthesized an intermolecular disulfide analogue which also lacked activity.
Privacy-aware mobile location-based systems (2011)

Privacy in location-based systems is a major concern, since many mobile phones have a GPS sensor that can report location within 10 meters of accuracy. The contributions of this paper are in three folds. First, we examine privacy issues in snapshot queries, and present our work and results in this area. The proposed method can guarantee that all queries are protected, while previously proposed algorithms only achieve a low success rate in some situations. Next, we discuss continuous queries and illustrate that current snapshot solutions cannot be applied to continuous queries. Then, we present results for our robust models for continuous queries. Finally, we show evaluation results when we add another dimension to privacy in location based systems, referred to as transportation mode homogeneity.
Aromatic amino acid methyl ester analogs form quinonoidal species with Dopa decarboxylase (1997)

This study reports for the first time that binding of aromatic methyl ester analogs to Dopa decarboxylase in the native and inactive nicked forms causes the appearance of a dead-end quinonoidal species absorbing at 500 nm, in addition to an external aldimine absorbing at 398 nm. The equilibrium mixture of these species varies depending on both the analog structure and the enzyme form. The above mentioned intermediates are also characterized with respect to their CD properties and the equilibria for their formation are determined as a function of pH. The results have provided evidence that the establishment of proper contacts between the active site and hydroxyl groups of the ligand are indispensable in order to limit unwanted side reactions.
Virtual Assembly Design Environment (1995)

Abstract Virtual reality is a technology which is often regarded as a natural extension to 3D computer graphics with advanced input and output devices. This technology has only recently matured enough to warrant serious engineering applications. The integration of this new technology with software systems for engineering, design and manufacturing will provide a new boost to the field of computer-aided engineering. One aspect of design and manufacturing which may be significantly affected by virtual reality is design for assembly. This paper presents the ideas behind a current research effort aimed at creating a virtual assembly design environment and integrating that environment with a commercial, parametric CAD system.
Comparative proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid between living and post mortem ALS and control subjects (2007)

Neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), lack definitive diagnostic tests or biomarkers of disease progression. Most studies that investigate protein abnormalities in ALS have used biofluids such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while some have used post mortem tissue or CSF samples. Since ALS disease progression and post mortem effects probably induce significant alterations to protein modifications or proteolysis, we directly examined the CSF proteome from ALS subjects at various lengths of time from symptom onset and at autopsy by mass spectrometry based proteomics. CSF was also obtained from both healthy age-matched control subjects and at autopsy from healthy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) controls. We identified significant differences in the CSF proteome between living and post mortem ALS subjects, as well as living and post mortem control subjects. We also noted differences in the CSF proteome of ALS subjects that have exhibited symptoms for varying lengths of time and between ALS and AD subjects at end-stage of disease. This is the first study describing differences in the CSF proteome from post mortem and living ALS subjects using a mass spectrometric approach. These differences highlight the importance of utilizing CSF from living ALS subjects near the time of symptom onset for the identification of early protein biomarkers, although some protein alterations that occur early in the disease process are maintained throughout the course of disease and in post mortem samples.
A Context Dependent Dynamic Interconnection Method of Heterogeneous Knowledge Bases by Interrelation Management Function (2010)

This paper presents an interconnection method for heterogeneous knowledge bases depending on user's interests as a context. Various knowledge bases have been created in each field by using collaborative working environments such as Wiki. One of the important issues is how to interconnect these knowledge bases and represent the relationships between various concepts in heterogeneous fields. An event affects various aspects of an area, field, or community. In order to understand an arbitrary event or concept, it is necessary to find various relationships over heterogeneous fields. Generally, the relationships over heterogeneous fields strongly depend on contexts and situations. It is important to realize the dynamic interconnection of knowledge bases depending on contexts and situations. Therefore, we design an interrelation management function (IMF) that defines the operator for interconnection data. In this paper, we propose a framework for a context-dependent dynamic interconnection method by using the interrelation management function.
Ductile Fracture Limit at Low Stress Triaxiality (2017)

In this study, the ductile fracture limit at low stress triaxiality was examinedSpheroidized medium-carbon steel JIS-S55C was adopted as the test material. Notched-bar combined torsion tests were carried out so as to control low stress triaxiality states. The stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain were calculated by the finite element method. The ductile fracture limit at low stress triaxiality could be expressed as a function of the stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain. It was not consistent with the ductile fracture limit at high stress triaxiality determined by notched-bar tensile tests. This result suggested that the ductile crack initiation mechanism differed between the tensile mode and the shear mode.
Reverted exhaustion phenotype of circulating lymphocytes as immune correlate of anti-PD1 first-line treatment in Hodgkin lymphoma (2021)

While classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly susceptible to anti-programmed death protein 1 (PD1) antibodies, the exact modes of action remain controversial. To elucidate the circulating lymphocyte phenotype and systemic effects during anti-PD1 1st-line HL treatment we applied multicolor flow cytometry, FluoroSpot and NanoString to sequential samples of 81 HL patients from the NIVAHL trial (NCT03004833) compared to healthy controls. HL patients showed a decreased CD4 T-cell fraction, a higher percentage of effector-memory T cells and higher expression of activation markers at baseline. Strikingly, and in contrast to solid cancers, expression for 10 out of 16 analyzed co-inhibitory molecules on T cells (e.g., PD1, LAG3, Tim3) was higher in HL. Overall, we observed a sustained decrease of the exhausted T-cell phenotype during anti-PD1 treatment. FluoroSpot of 42.3% of patients revealed T-cell responses against ≥1 of five analyzed tumor-associated antigens. Importantly, these responses were more frequently observed in samples from patients with early excellent response to anti-PD1 therapy. In summary, an initially exhausted lymphocyte phenotype rapidly reverted during anti-PD1 1st-line treatment. The frequently observed IFN-y responses against shared tumor-associated antigens indicate T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and could represent an important resource for immune monitoring and cellular therapy of HL.
Clinical images - a quarterly column: actively rupturing intracranial aneurysm. (2014)

We describe the case of a patient with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who was transferred to our hospital for treatment. She developed spontaneous rebleeding from her aneurysm that was depicted on her computed tomography (CT) angiogram (CTA) obtained in the emergency department (ED).

A 68-year-