gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unleashing Surveillance and Control Potential in Smart Distribution Systems – The NET2DG Approach (2019)

Nowadays, the energy transition is increasing the occurrence of several issues in distribution grids worldwide being the most important ones related to voltage quality like flicker, swells, dips and bi-directional power flow [1]. Such challenges are added on top of the already existing faults like lightning strikes and short circuits, but also avoidable losses in the grid like the ones caused by unregistered users, or inefficiencies. However, the Smart Grid environment provides Distribution System Operators (DSO) with data and control possibilities never seen in low voltage grids. Nevertheless, such potential is difficult to fully unleash by small and medium DSO, who lack economic and manpower resources. Such challenges are reviewed in this paper as part of the on-going H2020 Net2DG project [2], firstly by studying existing statistics regarding faults, voltage quality and losses; then identifying the critical aspects and the current practices implemented by DSOs to solve such operational and planning challenges. Subsequently, modern grid-monitoring tools based on the forthcoming Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are analysed focusing on enabling the use of these systems by DSOs. Thus, this paper aims also to identify and to reduce the gap between academic research and practical application. This is done by facilitating the implementation of beyond state-of-the-art tools in small and medium DSOs which, a priori, would lack the resources to develop and maintain them, taking the ongoing Net2DG H2020 project as example.
Heat Shock Response Inhibits Cytokine–Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Hepatocytes (1996)

During sepsis or inflammation, the liver expresses various protective phenotypes such as the acute phase response or the heat shock response (HSR). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is also expressed in the liver in these conditions and may protect the liver under some circumstances and promote injury in others. We have previously reported that the acute phase response and NOS2 expression are differentially regulated, though both can be expressed simultaneously. The HSR is known to prevent expression of other genes, but its effects on NOS2 expression in the liver is unknown. Therefore, we examined how the HSR influences NOS2 expression in primary rat hepatocytes. Sodium arsenite (Ars) or hyperthermia (43 degrees C) induced the synthesis of hsp72 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in hepatocytes, indicating activation of the HSR. In the absence of the HSR, combinations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulated high levels of NOS2 mRNA and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. However, treatment with Ars or heat shock significantly attenuated cytokine-induced NOS2 mRNA and NO production. The addition of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate also inhibited NOS2 expression, suggesting a role for NF-kappaB in the cytokine induction of NOS2 in hepatocytes. Cytokines induced the appearance of an NF-kappaB complex as shown in gel retardation assays; however, induction of the HSR by Ars partially prevented cytokine-induced formation of this band while hyperthermia had a more complete inhibition. Furthermore, preinduction of the HSR prevented the activation of the NOS2 promoter construct in hepatocytes transfected with a 1.6 kilobase NOS2 promoter linked to luciferase. These findings show that NO production in stressed cells can be modulated by the HSR, possibly through repression of NOS2 gene transcription via the inhibition of NF-kappaB.
Trouble at the top: high-toxicity implications of a leader with antisocial personality disorder (2009)

If psychopathic individuals are consciously aware of their heightened sense of boredom when compared with others, they render it acceptable by redefining it as a superior attribute of their personality. Others may be characterized by them as leading sedentary or mundane lives, yet their benchmark is always risk taking through overt behavior, rather than satisfaction through emotional experiences within themselves and with others.(Meloy, 1992, p. 111)
Neuroprotective peptide–macrocycle conjugates reveal complex structure–activity relationships in their interactions with amyloid β (2014)

Interactions between amyloid β (Aβ) and metal ions are thought to mediate the neuropathogenic effects of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. The construction of small molecules capable of synergistically chelating metal ions and recognizing Aβ would allow new insights into the biology of this disease and provide a possible therapeutic approach. We report herein the synthesis and biological evaluation of tetraazamacrocycle-(G)KLVFF hybrids and their metal complexes. The results obtained from ThT and bis-ANS extrinsic fluorescence assays, tyrosine intrinsic fluorescence assay and proteolytic assay imply complex, multifaceted structure-activity relationships in the interaction of these conjugates with Aβ. Many of the compounds tested rescued cells from Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. The attendant simplicity and ready diversification of the synthesis of these conjugates makes them attractive for further investigation.
Compartmental Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement: A Non-Invasive Method for Mapping the pH of the Airways (2021)

Introduction: Airway acidification causes airway epithelial necrosis, airway smooth muscle dysfunction, host defense impairment, decreased bronchodilator response, and inhibited mucociliary clearance. Measuring airway pH is challenging;direct measurement requires bronchoscopy and is only reflective of the pH of the areas reachable by bronchoscopy. Airway pH can be indirectly measured by exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (eNO). Both of these indirect methods are sensitive for detecting changes in airway pH but nonspecific with regards to the location within the airways they represent. Airway pH can be increased by inhalation of Optate, an alkaline medication designed for inhalation, and Optate inhibits SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A (FluA), Influenza B (FluB), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. A non-invasive method for measuring airway pH compartmentally would allow for detection of local airway pH imbalances and also monitoring compartmental response to inhaled Optate. We hypothesized that inhalation of Optate would result in compartmental changes in eNO representative of areas of deposition of inhaled Optate. Finally, we hypothesized that inhalation of Optate from vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) would result in a more significant and distal change in eNO than inhalation from a small volume jet nebulizer (SVN).Methods: Compartmental eNO was measured in healthy human subjects and subjects with asthma before and immediately after inhalation of Optate from VMN and SVN on two different visit (a different nebulizer for each visit). Compartmental eNO measurement consists of three exhalations at different flow rates: 30 mL/sec (representing tracheal eNO), 100 mL/sec (representing eNO from the middle airways), and 300 mL/sec (representing acinar eNO). % change was compared in each compartment of each subject after inhalation of Optate. Results: eNO decreased significantly in all compartments (n = 10, p < 0.001), but not equally (Figure). Delivery of Optate by VMN resulted in a significantly greater decrease in eNO than delivery by SVN (n = 18, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Compartmental eNO can be measured by collection of eNO at different expiratory flow rates. Inhalation of Optate alters compartmental eNO differentially, which may allow for the evaluation of compartmental airway pH changes. The greater decrease in eNO after delivery of Optate by VMN compared to SVN suggests that VMN may result in greater airway deposition of medication.
Speech recognition with a new hybrid architecture combining neural networks and continuous HMM. (1998)

. In this paper, we focus on a novel NN/HMM architecture for continuous speech recognition. The architecture incorporates a neural feature extraction to gain more discriminative feature vectors for the underlying HMM system. The feature extraction can be chosen either linear or non-linear and can incorporate recurrent connections. With this hybrid system, that is an extension of a state-of-the-art continuous HMM system, we managed to significantly outperform these standard systems. Experimental results show a relative error reduction of about 10% on a remarkably good recognition system based on continuous HMMs for the Resource Management 1000-word continuous speech recognition task. 1. INTRODUCTION State-of-the-art speech recognition systems utilise Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to model the acoustic behaviour of basic speech units like phones or words. Most commonly, the probabilistic distribution functions (pdfs) are modelled as mixtures of Gaussian distributions. Contrary to...
The Combination Effects of Immersion and Moderate Electric Field (MEF) Treatments on Enhancement of Deliverable Iron From Kale Leaves (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Sabellica) (2021)

Due to anti-nutrients found in leafy greens and the physical-chemical properties of inorganic iron found in plant sources, iron bioavailability is lower relative to heme iron rich in red meat. We tested a series of novel food processing techniques (i.e., vacuum treatment, bath-immersion, and moderate electric field (MEF) to improve iron content and potential delivery, using kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica) as our model green leafy vegetable. A ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) solution was prepared and fresh kale samples (n = 3 per treatment) were immersed in the solution alone (control), treated with vacuum alone, vacuum + water bath (30–50°C), or vacuum + water bath + MEF (15 V/cm at frequency of 60 Hz at 40–60°C) for up to 15 min. Effects of immersion (24 h at 4°C) after each treatment step were also tested. Treated samples were rinsed in deionized water before freezing and lyophilization prior to analysis. Concentrations of chlorophyll and iron chlorophyll derivatives were measured in both lipophilic and polar leaf extracts using ultra high liquid chromatography-diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure iron concentrations. Differences between treatment groups were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's posthoc testing for pairwise comparisons (P < 0.05 considered statistically significant). Vacuum followed by immersion produced kale with ∼1500x more iron than the kale control, while MEF-treated kale had the greatest increase in iron concentration without immersion (∼4000x than control). Two novel metabolites, tentatively iron chlorophyllin derivatives, were observed in the lipophilic extracts of the MEF and immersed kale samples, and identifies are being pursued via UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics. The novel food processing techniques employed here produced kale with iron concentrations significantly higher than the kale control, as well as other iron-rich plant foods (e.g., ∼40x times higher than black beans). Future testing will determine if this” iron-enhanced” kale has the potential to better deliver iron as compared to untreated kale, an FeSO4 supplement, or a heme-rich source. This research was supported by OARDC via a SEEDS grant and also via Hatch #W4122.
Computerized intravenous arteriography: a technique for visualizing the peripheral vascular system. (1981)

A unique method of computerized fluoroscopic enhancement allows direct visualization of the entire vascular system by intravenous injection of standard contrast agents, thereby avoiding the need for arterial puncture or hospitalization. This technique has been used to satisfactorily visualize the intra- and extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, the aortic arch and upper extremity vessels, the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as lower extremity vasculature. Although the technique is still under development, occlusions, stenoses, ulcerated plaques, and aneurysms have been visualized. Qualitative evaluation of these studies indicates a promising correlation with standard arteriography. This technique has great promise as a method of diagnostic screening in the management of peripheral vascular disease.
Development of Histocompatible Primate‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Neural Transplantation (2011)

Immune rejection and risk of tumor formation are perhaps the greatest hurdles in the field of stem cell transplantation. Here, we report the generation of several lines of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cynomolgus macaque (CM) skin fibroblasts carrying specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. To develop a collection of MHC-matched iPSCs, we genotyped the MHC locus of 25 CMs by microsatellite polymerase chain reaction analysis. Using retroviral infection of dermal skin fibroblasts, we generated several CM-iPSC lines carrying different haplotypes. We characterized the immunological properties of CM-iPSCs and demonstrated that CM-iPSCs can be induced to differentiate in vitro along specific neuronal populations, such as midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Midbrain-like DA neurons generated from CM-iPSCs integrated into the striatum of a rodent model of Parkinson's disease and promoted behavioral recovery. Importantly, neither tumor formation nor inflammatory reactions were observed in the transplanted animals up to 6 months after transplantation. We believe that the generation and characterization of such histocompatible iPSCs will allow the preclinical validation of safety and efficacy of iPSCs for neurodegenerative diseases and several other human conditions in the field of regenerative medicine.
Analysis of the coupling of vertical and horizontal dipoles in layered media (1992)

The electromagnetic radiation and scattering by perfectly conducting objects of arbitrary shape involving both vertical and horizontal electric dipoles (VED and HED) in layered dielectric media has become an increasingly important topic of research and development. This is due to the several applications where the couplings of these dipoles are encountered. These applications include feeding probes and shorting posts in microstrip circuits, vias in microwave and digital integrated circuits, as well as vertical and inclined antennas near earth or ocean surface. This paper provides a technique to efficiently model the coupling of VED and HED in layered media. It starts by Sommerfeld choice of the vector potentials associated with the VED and HED in layered media. The scalar potentials are derived via the Lorentz gauge and are found to be different for charges associated with the VED and HED. The full wave spatial Green's functions are obtained using the complex image technique. This technique avoids the time-consuming Sommerfeld integrals and yield a highly convergent closed-form solution for the spatial Green's function. The solution has the form of superposition of real images which represent the low frequency solution, surface waves which are dominant in the far field, as well as complex images which include the radiation effect. The closed-form representation of the potential Green's functions enables one to efficiently use the moment method to model several practical structures involving both the VED and HED.
Glutamate carboxypeptidase activity in human skin biopsies as a pharmacodynamic marker for clinical studies (2011)

Monitoring GCP activity in human skin after administration of GCP inhibitors could be readily used as PD marker in the clinical development of GCP inhibitors. Enzymatic activity provides a simple and direct measurement of GCP activity from tissue samples easily assessable in human subjects.
Examination of the activities of 43 chemotherapeutic agents against Neospora caninum tachyzoites in cultured cells (1994)

Neospora caninum causes serious disease in dogs, and it, or a similar parasite, is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Little is known about the susceptibility of this protozoan to antimicrobial agents. We studied several antimicrobial agents to determine which classes might have activity against this parasite. We also determined whether activity of such agents was coccidiocidal or coccidiostatic. A 2-day of treatment, monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay and a 5-day of treatment, cell culture flask (CCF), lesion-based assay were developed to examine the ability of test agents to inhibit tachyzoite multiplication. Seven sulfonamides were examined, with the following activities observed: sulfathiazole > or = sulfamethoxazole > sulfadiazine > sulfaquinoxaline > or = sulfamethazine > sulfadimethoxine > sulfamerazine. Dapsone, a sulfone, had little activity. Six dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate synthase inhibitors were examined, with the following activities observed: piritrexim > pyrimethamine > ormetoprim > trimethoprim = diaveridine > methotrexate. Six ionophorous antibiotics were examined; lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, and salinomycin had equivalent activities, but alborixin was toxic for host cells at the lowest concentration examined. Three macrolide antibiotics--azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin--were examined and had equivalent activities. Two tetracycline antibiotics, doxycycline and minocycline, were examined and had equivalent activities. Three lincosamide antibiotics were examined, with the following activities observed: clindamycin hydrochloride > clindamycin phosphate > lincomycin hydrochloride. Pentamidine and 6 of its analogs were examined, and only hexamidine and 1,4-Di[4-(2-imidazolinyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]butane had activity. Eight miscellaneous antiprotozoal agents were examined for activity. Amprolium, metronidazole, paromomycin, and roxarsone had little activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Self-Consistent Method for Estimating Non-Step Junction Doping Profiles from Capacitance-Voltage Measurements (1971)

The use of the step‐junction approximation for calculating the net doping density from C‐V measurement data can lead to serious errors in the resulting profiles for sequentially diffused structures. Non‐step junction behavior can be accounted for if the equation for the effective doping density is multiplied by a correction factor. Two approximate methods of estimating this correction factor are discussed in which the net ionized impurity density on the high side of the junction is assumed to change either linearly or exponentially with incremental changes in depletion layer depth. For both of these approximations, the net ionized impurity density on the low side is assumed to change parabolically. These net distributions of charge, which are iteratively determined in a self‐consistent fashion, yield the best approximations for this functional form of the profile, according to the C‐V measurements made on the junction. Comparisons between experimentally obtained doping profiles and profiles computed via the techniques described in this paper show good agreement.
Force Feedback in a Three-Dimensional Ultrasound-Guided Surgical Task (2006)

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) is a novel imaging modality that allows real time visualization of internal body structures such as the heart, even through visually opaque blood and tissue.The real-time nature of 3D US allows minimally invasive manipulations to be carried out without an endoscopic camera.The quality of the images is not ideal, however, so other senses might be used to augment a surgeon's performance in a 3D US-guided procedure.We investigate the combination of haptics under 3D US in a force control task.Results suggest that stiffness of the environment plays a significant role as to the relative importance of vision versus haptics in this type of task.
Enforcing central processing unit quality of service guarantees when servicing accelerator requests (2023)

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for enforcing processor quality of service guarantees when servicing system service requests (SSRs) are disclosed. A system includes a first processor executing an operating system and a second processor executing an application which generates SSRs for the first processor to service. The first processor monitors the number of cycles spent servicing SSRs over a previous time interval, and if this number of cycles is above a threshold, the first processor starts delaying the servicing of subsequent SSRs. In one implementation, if the previous delay was non-zero, the first processor increases the delay used in the servicing of subsequent SSRs. If the number of cycles is less than or equal to the threshold, then the first processor services SSRs without delay. As the delay is increased, the second processor begins to stall and its SSR generation rate falls, reducing the load on the first processor.
The state of the art of conventional flow visualization techniques for wind tunnel testing (1982)

Conventional wind tunnel flow visualization techniques which consist of surface flow methods, tracers, and optical methods are presented. Different surface flow methods are outlined: (1) liquid films (oil and fluorescent dye and UV lighting, renewable film via porous dispenser in model, volatile carrier fluid, cryogenic colored oil dots, oil film interferometry); (2) reactive surface treatment (reactive gas injection, reversible dye); (3) transition and heat transfer detectors (evaporation, sublimation, liquid crystals, phase change paints, IR thermography); and (4) tufts (fluorescent mini tufts, cryogenic suitability). Other methods are smoke wire techniques, vapor screens, and optical methods.
Multivariate Analysis of Plasma Metabolites in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Before and After Microbiota Transfer Therapy (2019)

Current diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based on assessment of behavioral symptoms, although there is strong evidence that ASD affects multiple organ systems including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study used Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) to evaluate plasma metabolites from 18 children with ASD and chronic GI problems (ASD + GI cohort) and 20 typically developing (TD) children without GI problems (TD − GI cohort). Using three plasma metabolites that may represent three general groups of metabolic abnormalities, it was possible to distinguish the ASD + GI cohort from the TD − GI cohort with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity after leave-one-out cross-validation. After the ASD + GI participants underwent Microbiota Transfer Therapy with significant improvement in GI and ASD-related symptoms, their metabolic profiles shifted significantly to become more similar to the TD − GI group, indicating potential utility of this combination of plasma metabolites as a biomarker for treatment efficacy. Two of the metabolites, sarcosine and inosine 5′-monophosphate, improved greatly after treatment. The third metabolite, tyramine O-sulfate, showed no change in median value, suggesting it and correlated metabolites to be a possible target for future therapies. Since it is unclear whether the observed differences are due to metabolic abnormalities associated with ASD or with GI symptoms (or contributions from both), future studies aiming to classify ASD should feature TD participants with GI symptoms and have larger sample sizes to improve confidence in the results.