gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of Cerium Oxide Nanostructures in Ice Molds (2008)

The formation of nanorods, driven by the physicochemical phenomena during the freezing and after the aging of frozen ceria nanoparticle suspensions, is reported. During freezing of a dilute aqueous solution of CeO2 nanocrystals, some nuclei remain in solution while others are trapped inside micro- and nanometer voids formed within the growing ice front. Over time (2-3 weeks) the particles trapped within the nanometer-wide voids in the ice combine by an oriented attachment process to form ceria nanorods. The experimental observations are consistent with molecular dynamics simulations of particle aggregation in constrained environments. These observations suggest a possible strategy for the templated formation of nanostructures through self-assembly by exploiting natural phenomena, such as voids formed during freezing of water. This research suggests a very simple, green chemical route to guide the formation of one- and three-dimensional self-assembled nanostructures.
Einfluss von Mycophenolatmofetil auf das Langzeitüberleben lebertransplantierter Patienten (2011)

Einleitung: Nach Lebertransplantation ist eine lebenslange Immunsuppression unabdingbar. Eine optimale Immunsuppression sollte daher möglichst wenig Langzeitnebenwirkungen verursachen. Gerade bei Patienten mit einem hepatozellulären Carcinom (HCC) prä-transplantationem oder einer aktiven Hepatitis C (HCV) wird die Frage nach der optimalen Immunsuppression in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert.
Modeling of common mode currents on electric ship hull using scattering parameters (2015)

The behavioral modeling reported in this work is computationally efficient for use in modeling distributed currents and potentials throughout the open-form conductor that is the ship's structure. Physics-based modeling is used to form a multiport S-parameter behavioral model of the ship's structure that is compatible with S-parameter models of parasitic paths to grounded equipment enclosures and cables sheaths being developed by Florida State University, a university partner in the Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium. A time-domain common-mode conduction example is reported to illustrate the work flow that converts physics-based models of elementary hull elements into a complete S-parameter behavioral model of an arbitrary hull structure with power cables running along it.
Novel Fullerene Platinum Alkynyl Complexes with High Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties as a Springboard for NLO-Active Polymer Films (2016)

The synthesis and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of seven novel fullerene-C60 derivatives are reported. In these donor–bridge–acceptor systems, the fullerene unit (acceptor) is connected through a cyclopropane ring to an ethynyl thienyl fragment (bridge) which binds a trimethylsilyl or platinum alkynyl fragment (donor). All derivatives are NLO-active, as determined by the electric field induced second harmonic generation technique, but the fullerene platinum alkynyl complexes are characterized by a particularly large second-order NLO response. Substitution of the thienyl fragment by a terthiophene leads to an increase of the NLO performance by using trimethylsilyl as a donor group, whereas no effect is observed in the case of platinum derivatives. Remarkably, fullerene platinum alkynyl complexes can be dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene, affording NLO-active polymer films.
Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays as nanomasks for pattern transfer (2008)

Argon ion milling was used to transfer the pattern of sparse 12 nm iron oxide nanoparticles into underlying thin films of Pt and magnetic tunnel junction stacks and quantify their etching rates and morphological evolution. Under typical milling conditions, Pt milled at 10 nm min−1, while the isolated particles of iron oxide used for the mask milled at 5 nm min−1. Dilute dispersions of nanoparticles were used to produce the sparse nanomasks, and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy were used to monitor the evolution of etched structures as a function of milling time. SEM measurements indicate an apparent 20% increase in feature diameter before the features began to diminish under additional milling, suggesting redeposition as a limiting feature in the milling of dense arrays. Simulations of the milling process in nanoparticle arrays that include redeposition are consistent with this observation. These simulations predict that an edge-to-edge spacing of 3 nm in a dense array is feasible, but that redeposition reduces the final structure aspect ratio from that of the masking array by as much as a factor of two.
Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Vitro (2003)

Our intention in this chapter is to discuss antisense technology in its role as a useful tool for specific downregulation or ablation of mRNAs, while pointing out that it has a complicated methodology and a literature that contains examples of misinterpretation of true antisense effects. With this in mind, we have directed this chapter towards the practical and conclude it with a series of points to consider that will help the newcomer to the field to avoid some of the pitfalls we are aware of. Much of the detail of design and biochemistry of oligonucleotide drugs is covered in other chapters (see Chapters 1 and 2) in this book, and we have intentionally focused this chapter on delivery issues, which, to our minds, provide some of the major remaining variables in the antisense field.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites from Solid Raw Materials (2012)

As important industrial materials, microporous zeolites are necessarily synthesized in the presence of solvents such as in hydrothermal, solvothermal, and ionothermal routes. We demonstrate here a simple and generalized solvent-free route for synthesizing various types of zeolites by mixing, grinding, and heating solid raw materials. Compared with conventional hydrothermal route, the avoidance of solvents in the synthesis not only significantly reduces the waste production, but also greatly increases the yield of zeolite products. In addition, the use of starting solid raw materials remarkably enhances the synthesis efficiency and reduces the use of raw materials, energy, and costs.
Glycerol dehydroxylation in hydrogen on a Raney cobalt catalyst (2010)

Glycerol dehydroxylation on a Raney cobalt catalyst in hydrogen was studied. It was found that with an increase in temperature from 140 to 200°C at a hydrogen pressure of 30 MPa, glycerol conversion increases from 14 to 97%. The glycerol is completely converted in 20 h, and the yield of 1,2-propanediol is 40%. With an increase in H2 pressure from 3 to 8 MPa, the glycerol conversion increases from 34 to 95%, and the yield of 1,2-propanediol increases from 18 to 38%. The maximum yield of 1,2-propanediol is 44% at 200°C and a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. The glycerol dehydroxylation in hydrogen on heterogeneous catalysts can be considered a promising method of glycerol conversion when glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel manufacture from vegetable oil and animal fats.
Crystalline−Crystalline Block Copolymers of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Polyethylene by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2005)

Block copolymers of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polyethylene (PE) were synthesized through the chain transfer of olefin-terminated P3HT in the presence of cyclooctene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Subsequent hydrogenation of the poly(cyclooctene) block yielded high molecular weight, crystalline-crystalline P3HT-PE block copolymers, which are thermally stable and resistant to solvents under ambient conditions. These copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, DSC, and WAXS and represent the first materials of a class of crystalline-crystalline semiconducting-insulating block copolymers.
All Eight Stereoisomeric d-Glyconic-δ-lactams:  Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors (2000)

An efficient and general synthetic route to all eight stereoisomeric D-glycono-delta-lactams has been developed. The strategy involves, as a key step, a stereodivergent delta-lactam formation with configurational retention or inversion at C-4 of a starting gamma-lactone to lead to two epimers of delta-lactam from one parent gamma-lactone. Conformations of eight glycono-delta-lactams were examined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and molecular modeling. Analyses of conformation and glycosidase-inhibition provide useful information for the design of new glycosidase inhibitors.
Concept for Reactive Loaded Antennas with Application to Antenna Miniaturization (2022)

A concept for reactive loaded antennas is presented. The concept shows how the resistive part of the reactive load provides an indicator to control the mutual coupling between the driven port and the loaded port. The interest of this concept is demonstrated for antenna miniaturization.
Characterization of Individual Threading Dislocations in GaN Using Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (2001)

Threading dislocations (TDs) of molecular beam epitaxy grown GaN film were studied with ultrahigh vacuum ballistic electron emission microscopy in order to quantify any fixed negative charge at identifiable TDs, with approximately 3 nm spatial and approximately 10 meV local barrier resolution. In contrast to several prior studies, we find no indication of fixed negative dislocation charge at specific TD structures, with a conservative upper limit of approximately 0.25 e(-) per c-axis unit cell. We do observe evidence of positive surface charge at TDs and at GaN step edges, which may be due to local piezoelectric fields.
Parameterized macromodels for lossy multiconductor transmission lines (2006)

We present a procedure for the generation of parameterized macromodels for lossy transmission lines. The macromodels are based on delay extraction and rational approximations in the framework of the generalized method-of-characteristics. We extend this existing macromodeling technique to explicitly include the variation of significant geometrical and electrical parameters. Such parameterized macromodels are ideally suited for the automated design of electrical links and for what-if analyses aimed at link optimization, allowing for the inclusion of nonlinear driver and receiver networks and using standard circuit solvers in time domain. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by applying it to flexible printed interconnect structures typically present in cellular phones having moving parts.
Role of biomarkers in adult sepsis and their application for a good laboratory practice: a pilot study. (2018)

This study measured Procalcitonin (PCT), Presepsin (PRE-S) and pro-Adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients blood to assess their contribution to accurate diagnosis of sepsis and potential predictive impact on prognosis. The final aim was to improve the use of infection biomarkers for optimizing the impact of laboratory medicine on clinical outcomes, focusing on the good management of resources designed to produce maximum effectiveness and efficiency. Sixty-four adult patients were studied during their hospitalization in ICU; blood samples were collected and categorized according to their clinical diagnosis and illness severity, and sepsis marker levels were measured on automated immunoassay platforms. PCT, PRE-S and pro-ADM infection markers were significantly lower in controls than in sepsis or septic shock groups. The area under the curve, by ROC curve analysis, was 0.945 for PCT, 0.756 for PRE-S and 0.741 for pro-ADM. Sepsis diagnostic accuracy was not improved by combining PCT, PRE-S and pro-ADM measures. Preliminary data demonstrated that, despite PRE-S and pro-ADM being able to differentiate between septic and non-septic patients with accuracy, PCT remains the most reliable marker available. The results obtained still do not allow us to consider a combination of markers, because it would merely increase laboratory costs without improving diagnostic performance. Furthermore, the results confirm a possible prognostic role of pro-ADM in septic states, but no correlation between biomarker levels and survival at 48 h was detected. Hence PCT, PRE-S, nor pro-ADM can be used to predict short-term prognosis.
Energy-Efficient Joint Unicast and Multicast Beamforming with\n Multi-Antenna User Terminals (2017)

This paper studies energy-efficient joint transmit and receive beamforming in\nmulti-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output systems. We consider\nconventional network energy efficiency metric where the users can receive\nunicasting streams in addition to the group-specific common multicasting\nstreams which have certain rate constraints. The goal is to use the\ntransmission resources more efficiently to improve the energy efficiency, when\nthe users are equipped with multiple antennas. Numerical results show the\nachieved energy efficiency gains by using the additional degrees of freedom of\nthe multicasting transmission to private message unicasting.\n
Comparison of lateral- and Cylindrical-Stator electrical machines for high-speed direct-drive applications in confined spaces (2016)

Lateral-Stator Machine (LSM) topology is presented in earlier works as an unconventional machine that is advantageous for high-speed, direct-drive applications in confined spaces. Owing to its peculiar geometry, LSM makes use of the additional space in a tool head that cannot be utilized by standard Cylindrical-Stator Machines (CSMs). However, a fair and quantitative comparison of LSM and CSM topologies has not been carried out so far. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of the LSM against slotless and slotted permanent magnet CSMs, not only in terms of torque density but also concerning torque ripple and self-sensing control capability.
Eye scan patterns of the time use trait and its use in management (2006)

The time use trait of monchronicity and polychronicity, which relates to one’s ability to do one thing and many things at a time respectively, has been known for a long time. However, its implications on how people scan and attend to information are not so clear. This study is an attempt to investigate the attentional strategy differences between monochrons (M) and polychrons (P) under different task conditions using eye scan equipment. Two groups of participants (monochrons and polychrons) performed a dual control task having 3 task priorities and 4 task difficulty levels. The results showed significant differences in scanning patterns between monochrons and polychrons, among task priorities and/or task difficulty levels. Results of this study may be useful in semi-automated systems in order to achieve optimal performance.
Learning by Choice of Internal Representations (1988)

We introduce a learning algorithm for multilayer neural networks composed of binary linear threshold elements. Whereas existing algorithms reduce the learning process to minimizing a cost function over the weights, our method treats the internal representations as the fundamental entities to be determined. Once a correct set of internal representations is arrived at, the weights are found by the local and biologically plausible Perceptron Learning Rule (PLR). We tested our learning algorithm on four problems: adjacency, symmetry, parity and combined symmetry-parity.
Hyponatraemia and fluid overload are associated with higher risk of mortality in dialysis patients (2023)

Plasma sodium and fluid status act independently as risk factors on mortality. Patient surveillance of fluid status is especially important in the high-risk subpopulation of patients with hyponatremia. Prospective patient-level studies should examine the effects of chronic hypo- and hypernatremia, risk determinants, and their outcome risk.
Deep Gradient Compression: Reducing the Communication Bandwidth for Distributed Training (2018)

Large-scale distributed training requires significant communication bandwidth for gradient exchange that limits the scalability of multi-node training, and requires expensive high-bandwidth network infrastructure. The situation gets even worse with distributed training on mobile devices (federated learning), which suffers from higher latency, lower throughput, and intermittent poor connections. In this paper, we find 99.9% of the gradient exchange in distributed SGD is redundant, and propose Deep Gradient Compression (DGC) to greatly reduce the communication bandwidth. To preserve accuracy during compression, DGC employs four methods: momentum correction, local gradient clipping, momentum factor masking, and warm-up training. We have applied Deep Gradient Compression to image classification, speech recognition, and language modeling with multiple datasets including Cifar10, ImageNet, Penn Treebank, and Librispeech Corpus. On these scenarios, Deep Gradient Compression achieves a gradient compression ratio from 270x to 600x without losing accuracy, cutting the gradient size of ResNet-50 from 97MB to 0.35MB, and for DeepSpeech from 488MB to 0.74MB. Deep gradient compression enables large-scale distributed training on inexpensive commodity 1Gbps Ethernet and facilitates distributed training on mobile.
Response of Symbiotic Endomycorrhizal Fungi to Estrogens and Antiestrogens (1997)

Plant flavonoids reported previously to act as molecular signals in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis are known to bind to estrogen receptors and to exert estrogenic effects on mammalian cells. To further investigate the estrogen-like properties of flavonoids the present study examined whether estrogen and antiestrogens have fla-vonoid-related functions in AM fungi. Bioassays were performed in a monoaxenic system with the AM fungi Giga-spora margarita and Glomus intraradices. The plant flavo-noids quercetin and biochanin A stimulate hyphal growth of G. margarita and G. intraradices, respectively. The stimulatory activity of biochanin A studied at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 μM shows an estimated EC 50 value of 3.26 μM. The present results show that 17β-estradiol and biochanin A exert similar stimulatory effects in G. intraradices. The agonist effect of biochanin A was efficiently suppressed by the new antiestrogen EM-652, which is also consistent with the possible presence of estrogen-binding sites in AM fungi.
A comparison of freezing-damage during isochoric and isobaric freezing of the potato (2017)

This is a preliminary exploratory study on isochoric freezing of food. We have shown that the quality of a food product preserved by isochoric freezing is better than the quality of food preserved to the same temperature in isobaric conditions. Obviously, more extensive research remains to be done to extend this study to lower freezing temperatures and other food items.
The Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (2011)

One year after treatment, a policy of intent to treat favoring coil embolization resulted in fewer poor outcomes than clip occlusion. Although most aneurysms assigned to the coil treatment group were treated by coil embolization, a substantial number crossed over to surgical clipping. Although a policy of intent to treat favoring coil embolization resulted in fewer poor outcomes at 1 year, it remains important that high-quality surgical clipping be available as an alternative treatment modality.
Generating Holistic 3D Scene Abstractions for Text-based Image Retrieval (2016)

Spatial relationships between objects provide important information for text-based image retrieval. As users are more likely to describe a scene from a real world perspective, using 3D spatial relationships rather than 2D relationships that assume a particular viewing direction, one of the main challenges is to infer the 3D structure that bridges images with users' text descriptions. However, direct inference of 3D structure from images requires learning from large scale annotated data. Since interactions between objects can be reduced to a limited set of atomic spatial relations in 3D, we study the possibility of inferring 3D structure from a text description rather than an image, applying physical relation models to synthesize holistic 3D abstract object layouts satisfying the spatial constraints present in a textual description. We present a generic framework for retrieving images from a textual description of a scene by matching images with these generated abstract object layouts. Images are ranked by matching object detection outputs (bounding boxes) to 2D layout candidates (also represented by bounding boxes) which are obtained by projecting the 3D scenes with sampled camera directions. We validate our approach using public indoor scene datasets and show that our method outperforms baselines built upon object occurrence histograms and learned 2D pairwise relations.
Singulett‐Sauerstoff in der aprotischen Natrium‐O2‐Batterie (2017)

Abstract Aprotische Natrium‐O 2 ‐Batterien basieren auf der reversiblen Bildung und Auflösung von Natriumsuperoxid (NaO 2 ) während des Zellbetriebs. Nebenreaktionen des Elektrolyten und der Elektrode mit dem stark nukleophilen und basischen NaO 2 führen zu mangelhafter Zyklenstabilität. Seine Reaktivität allein kann die Nebenreaktionen und schlechte Reversibilität jedoch nicht schlüssig erklären. Hier wird gezeigt, dass Singulett‐Sauerstoff ( 1 O 2 ) in allen Phasen des Betriebs entsteht und eine Hauptursache für Nebenreaktionen ist. 1 O 2 wurde in situ und ex situ mit einem 1 O 2 ‐Fänger detektiert, der schnell und selektiv ein Addukt mit 1 O 2 bildet. Mechanistisch betrachtet entsteht 1 O 2 entweder durch protonenunterstützte Disproportionierung von Superoxid während des Entladens, Lagerns und Ladens unter ca. 3.3 V oder durch direkte elektrochemische 1 O 2 ‐Entwicklung über ca. 3.3 V. Spuren von Wasser ermöglichen hohe Kapazitäten, beschleunigen aber auch Nebenreaktionen. Daher muss das hochreaktive 1 O 2 unbedingt kontrolliert werden, um die Zelle reversibel zu betreiben.
610 Impact deformation property of urethane foam and tube filled with urethane foam (2001)

In this paper, dynamic properties of urethane foam and foam filled metal tube were experimentally investigated. Strain rate sensitivities of the strength of urethane foams of various relative densities were evaluated through dynamic compression tests performed using High Speed Material Testing System Based on Sensing Block Method. Yield condition of urethane foam was identified through both uniaxial compression tests and closed-die compression tests. The ratio of the dynamic absorbed energy per unit weight of a foam filled tube to that of a hollow tube was investigated using dynamic buckling test device. From experimental results, it was found that this ratio reached 1.0- 2.8 and became larger with decreasing thickness of the tube and increasing density of the urethane foam.
Stability of 1-D-CNN's with Dirichlet boundary conditions and global propagation dynamics (2000)

In this paper we face the problem of stability for monodimensional cellular neural networks (CNNs). The absence of periodic or chaotic behavior, which is guaranteed by complete stability, is a requirement for many applications. Though complete stability has been proven for wide classes of CNNs, even within the subset of monodimensional CNNs there are still some significant parameter ranges where no proof is available. Collecting results, one can observe that a stability proof is lacking for all CNNs characterized by global propagation dynamics and opposite sign template (C=[spr], 0<p-q<|r-s|, rs<0) with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We give here a proof of complete stability in the special case of antisymmetric template (C=[sp-s]), also known as the connected component detector. The proof is valid within a parameter range specified in the following. The methods here introduced appear suitable for extension to wider classes of CNN's.