gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Patient-Centered Methodology That Improves the Accuracy of Prognostic Predictions in Cancer (2013)

Individualized approaches to prognosis are crucial to effective management of cancer patients. We developed a methodology to assign individualized 5-year disease-specific death probabilities to 1,222 patients with melanoma and to 1,225 patients with breast cancer. For each cancer, three risk subgroups were identified by stratifying patients according to initial stage, and prediction probabilities were generated based on the factors most closely related to 5-year disease-specific death. Separate subgroup probabilities were merged to form a single composite index, and its predictive efficacy was assessed by several measures, including the area (AUC) under its receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The patient-centered methodology achieved an AUC of 0.867 in the prediction of 5-year disease-specific death, compared with 0.787 using the AJCC staging classification alone. When applied to breast cancer patients, it achieved an AUC of 0.907, compared with 0.802 using the AJCC staging classification alone. A prognostic algorithm produced from a randomly selected training subsample of 800 melanoma patients preserved 92.5% of its prognostic efficacy (as measured by AUC) when the same algorithm was applied to a validation subsample containing the remaining patients. Finally, the tailored prognostic approach enhanced the identification of high-risk candidates for adjuvant therapy in melanoma. These results describe a novel patient-centered prognostic methodology with improved predictive efficacy when compared with AJCC stage alone in two distinct malignancies drawn from two separate populations.
Kinetic models for gas-phase electron-transfer reactions between nitrobenzenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic models for gas-phase electron-transfer reactions between nitrobenzenesChau Chung Han, James L. Wilbur, and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3, 887–893Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00029a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00029a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Innentitelbild: Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Drug‐Induced Tumor Apoptosis with a Caspase‐Triggered Nanoaggregation Probe (Angew. Chem. 40/2013) (2013)

Die Caspase-3-Aktivität in mit Doxorubicin behandelten Tumorxenotransplantaten wird unter Verwendung eines 18F-markierten, für Caspase-3 empfindlichen Nanoaggregat-bildenden Tracers mit Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) untersucht. In der Zuschrift auf S. 10705 ff. zeigen J. Rao, F. T. Chin et al., dass der Enzym-aktivierbare Tracer durch intramolekulare Makrocyclisierung und In-situ-Aggregatbildung des cyclisierten Tracers nach Caspase-3-Aktivierung verfeinerte PET-Bilder von apoptotischen Tumoren liefert. Bild: Jim Strommer und Lydia-Marie Joubert.
Spatially Coherent Interlayer Exciton Lasing in an Atomically-Thin Heterostructure (2019)

We demonstrate lasing in WSe 2 -MoSe 2 heterostructure integrated in a silicon nitride grating cavity. Signatures of lasing include sharp increase in spatial coherence and super-linear increase in the emission intensity as photon number increases above unity. © 2019 The Author(s)
Significance of Serum MicroRNAs in the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2017)

Serum miRNAs have potential as NSCLC-screening tumor markers, and serum miR-22 and miR15b might be used as reference indexes for the early diagnosis of NSCLC in the future.
Mobile reception of DVB-H : how to make it work? (2007)

This paper describes the conception and development of a solution for improved mobile reception of the digital video broadcast standard for handheld (DVB-H) at Philips Research. It includes a simple characterization of mobility-induced interference based on a suitable model for the doubly selective channel. We further describe estimation and interference cancellation algorithms explaining the trade-offs between complexity and performance.\nThe presented algorithms have been implemented in an NXP chip.
Impact of Holder Materials on the Heating and Explosive Breakup of Two-Component Droplets (2018)

The heating of two-component droplets and the following explosive breakup of those droplets have been extensively studied over the most recent years. These processes are of high interest, since they can significantly improve the performance of many technologies in fuel ignition, thermal and flame liquid treatment, heat carriers based on flue gases, vapors and water droplets, etc. Research throughout the world involves various schemes of droplet heating and supply (or, less frequently, injection) to heating chambers. The most popular scheme features the introduction of a two-component or multi-component droplet onto a holder into the heating chamber. In this research, we study how holder materials affect the conditions and integral characteristics of droplet heating and explosive breakup: heating time until boiling temperature; minimum temperature sufficient for droplet breakup; number and size of fragments in the resulting droplet aerosol, etc. Experiments involve droplets that are produced from flammable (oil) and non-flammable (water) components with significantly different thermophysical and optical properties, as well as boiling temperature and heat of vaporization. The most popular elements with the scientific community, such as ceramic, steel, aluminum, copper, and phosphorus rods, as well as a nichrome wire, serve as holders. We establish the roles of energy inflow from a holder to a droplet, and energy outflow in the opposite direction. We compare the holder results with a supporting thermocouple, recording the drop temperature under a heat transfer provided at 350°C. Finally, we forecast the conditions that are required for a significant improvement in the performance of thermal and flame water treatment through the explosive breakup of two-component droplets.
Identification of Novel Activities of Immunomodulatory Drugs: Cytoskeleton Reorganization through Modulation of Rho GTPases (2008)

Abstract Immunomodulatory drugs including the IMiDs®, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide represent a novel class of compounds that have both anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. While many studies have demonstrated that IMiDs have broad in vitro and in vivo biological activities including antiangiogenesis, inhibition of TNFa expression, enhancement of antitumor immunity, and induction of IL-2 in T cells, the molecular mechanism through which these drugs exert their effects is largely undefined. In primary human monocytes, IMID1 selectively activated RhoA and Rac1, but not Cdc42 or Ras. Importantly, the activation of these GTPases occurred immediately following treatment with IMID1 in the absence of any costimulation. Consistent with the activation of Rho GTPases, we found that IMID1enhanced F-actin formation, stabilized microtubules, and increased monocyte cell migration, all of which were blocked by selective inhibitors of ROCK1, a downstream effector of RhoA or Rac1. Finally, we demonstrated that IMID1 was able to regulate the activity of Rho GTPases and formation of F-actin in primary human T cells similarly as it did in monocytes, and showed that the activation of RhoA was essential for IMID1-induced IL-2 expression in T cells. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate a novel and acute molecular activity from IMiDs mediated via Rho GTPases. Activation of Rho by IMiDs and the resulting effect on cytoskeletal reorganization may represent a critical mechanism by which IMiDs function as therapeutic immunomodulatory agents.
Exercise triggers CAPN1-mediated AIF truncation, inducing myocyte cell death in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (2021)

Myocyte death occurs in many inherited and acquired cardiomyopathies, including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a genetic heart disease plagued by the prevalence of sudden cardiac death. Individuals with ACM and harboring pathogenic desmosomal variants, such as desmoglein-2 (<i>DSG2</i>), often show myocyte necrosis with progression to exercise-associated heart failure. Here, we showed that homozygous <i>Dsg2</i> mutant mice (<i>Dsg2</i> <sup>mut/mut</sup>), a model of ACM, die prematurely during swimming and display myocardial dysfunction and necrosis. We detected calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) overload in <i>Dsg2</i> <sup>mut/mut</sup> hearts, which induced calpain-1 (CAPN1) activation, association of CAPN1 with mitochondria, and CAPN1-induced cleavage of mitochondrial-bound apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Cleaved AIF translocated to the myocyte nucleus triggering large-scale DNA fragmentation and cell death, an effect potentiated by mitochondrial-driven AIF oxidation. Posttranslational oxidation of AIF cysteine residues was due, in part, to a depleted mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 redox system. Hearts from exercised <i>Dsg2</i> <sup>mut/mut</sup> mice were depleted of calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous CAPN1 inhibitor, and overexpressing CAST in myocytes protected against Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload-induced necrosis. When cardiomyocytes differentiated from <i>Dsg2</i> <sup>mut/mut</sup> embryonic stem cells (ES-CMs) were challenged with β-adrenergic stimulation, CAPN1 inhibition attenuated CAPN1-induced AIF truncation. In addition, pretreatment of <i>Dsg2</i> <sup>mut/mut</sup> ES-CMs with an AIF-mimetic peptide, mirroring the cyclophilin-A (PPIA) binding site of AIF, blocked PPIA-mediated AIF-nuclear translocation, and reduced both apoptosis and necrosis. Thus, preventing CAPN1-induced AIF-truncation or barring binding of AIF to the nuclear chaperone, PPIA, may avert myocyte death and, ultimately, disease progression to heart failure in ACM and likely other forms of cardiomyopathies.
Biological scaffold–mediated delivery of myostatin inhibitor promotes a regenerative immune response in an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2018)

Recent studies have reported that the immune system significantly mediates skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. Additionally, biological scaffolds have been shown to play a role in polarizing the immune microenvironment toward pro-myogenic outcomes. Moreover, myostatin inhibitors are known to promote muscle regeneration and ameliorate fibrosis in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a human disease characterized by chronic muscle degeneration. Biological scaffolds and myostatin inhibition can potentially influence immune-mediated regeneration in the dystrophic environment, but have not been evaluated together. Toward this end, here we created an injectable biological scaffold composed of hyaluronic acid and processed skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. This material formed a cytocompatible hydrogel at physiological temperatures <i>in vitro</i> When injected subfascially above the tibialis anterior muscles of both WT and dystrophic <i>mdx</i>-5<sup>Cv</sup> mice, a murine model of DMD, the hydrogel spreads across the entire muscle before completely degrading at 3 weeks <i>in vivo</i> We found that the hydrogel is associated with CD206<sup>+</sup> pro-regenerative macrophage polarization and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in both WT and dystrophic mice. Co-injection of both hydrogel and myostatin inhibitor significantly increased FoxP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cell modulation and <i>Foxp3</i> gene expression in the scaffold immune microenvironment. Finally, delivery of myostatin inhibitor with the hydrogel increased its bioactivity <i>in vivo</i>, and transplantation of immortalized human myoblasts with the hydrogel promoted their survival <i>in vivo</i> This study identifies a key role for biological scaffolds and myostatin inhibitors in modulating a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment in dystrophic muscle.
Synchronous and multicomponent tree-adjoining grammars: complexity, algorithms and linguistic applications (2009)

This thesis addresses the design of appropriate formalisms and algorithms to be used for natural language processing. This entails a delicate balance between the ability of a formalism to capture the linguistic generalizations required by natural language processing applications and the ability of a natural language processing application based on the formalism to process the formalism efficiently enough to be useful. I focus on the Tree-Adjoining Grammar formalism as a base and on the mechanism of grammar synchronization for managing relationships between the input and output of a natural language processing system. 
Grammar synchronization is a formal concept by which the derivations of two distinct grammars occur in tandem so that a single isomorphic derivation produces distinct derived structures in each of the synchronized grammars. Using synchronization implies a strong assumption—one that I seek to justify in the second part of the thesis—namely that certain critical relationships in natural language applications, such as the relationship between the syntax and semantics of a language or the relationship between the syntax of two natural languages, are close enough to be expressed with grammars that share a derivational structure. 
The extent of the isomorphism between the derived structures of the related languages is determined only in part by the synchronization. The base formalism chosen can offer greater or lesser opportunity for divergence in the derived structures. My choice of a base formalism is motivated directly by research into applications of synchronous TAG-based grammars to two natural language applications: semantic interpretation and natural language translations. I first examine a range of TAG variants that have not previously been studied in this level of detail to determine their computational properties and to develop algorithms that can be used to process them. Original results on the complexity of these formalisms are presented as well as novel algorithms for factorizing grammars to reduce the time required to process them. In Part II, I develop applications of synchronous Limited Delay Tree-Local Multicomponent TAG to semantic interpretation and probabilistic synchronous Tree Insertion Grammar to statistical natural language translation.
Quantifying the effect of metal-rich precipitates on minority carrier diffusion length in multicrystalline silicon using synchrotron-based spectrally resolved x-ray beam-induced current (2005)

Synchrotron-based, spectrally resolved x-ray beam-induced current (SR-XBIC) is introduced as a technique to locally measure the minority carrier diffusion length in semiconductor devices. Equivalence with well-established diffusion length measurement techniques is demonstrated. The strength of SR-XBIC is that it can be combined in situ with other synchrotron-based analytical techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) and x-ray absorption microspectroscopy (μ-XAS), yielding information about the distribution, elemental composition, chemical nature, and effect on minority carrier diffusion length of individual transition metal species in multicrystalline silicon. SR-XBIC, μ-XRF, and μ-XAS measurements were performed on intentionally contaminated multicrystalline silicon, revealing a strong correlation between local concentrations of copper and nickel silicide precipitates and a decrease of minority carrier diffusion length. In addition, the reduction of minority carrier diffusion length due to submicron-sized Cu3Si and NiSi2 precipitates could be decoupled from the influence of homogeneously distributed nanoprecipitates and point defects.
Malchain: Virtual Application Behaviour Profiling by Aggregated Microservice Data Exchange Graph (2020)

In the recent literature, Machine Learning (ML) techniques are increasingly used to detect the abnormal behaviour for different applications. Recently, these applications have moved to the cloud and virtualized environments due to the unique benefits such as deployment agility, scalability, flexibility and resiliency. However, those benefits pose a new challenge for classical ML approaches to accurately identify abnormal behaviours due to their highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature. In this paper, we propose a new approach Malchain for profiling virtual applications based on using a new concept: microservice role. The roles are used to provide a consistent view of the virtual application addressing the mentioned new challenges. The microservice data exchange graph built using this consistent view is then used to extract features providing the appropriate measures to profile the aggregated behaviour of the microservices comprising a virtual application. We show the efficiency and feasibility of our approach by implementing several different real-world attacks, and measuring high detection rates (86%-99%) for those attacks.
Circuitry Underlying AntiOpioid Actions of Orphanin FQ in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla (1997)

Several laboratories recently identified a 17 amino-acid peptide, termed "nociceptin" or "orphanin FQ (OFQ)", as the endogenous ligand for the LC132 (or "opioid receptor-like1") receptor. Taken together with the fact that the cellular effects of OFQ are to a large extent opioid-like, the close relationship between the LC132 receptor and known opioid receptors raised expectations that the behavioral effects of this peptide would resemble those of opioids. However studies of the role of OFQ in nociception have not provided a unified view. The aim of the present study was to use a combination of electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques to characterize the actions of OFQ in a brain region in which the circuitry mediating the analgesic actions of opioids has been relatively well characterized, the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Single-cell recording was combined with opioid administration and local infusion of OFQ in the RVM of rats lightlyanesthetized with barbiturates. The tail flick reflex was used as a behavioral index of nociceptive responsiveness. Two classes of physiologically identifiable RVM neurons with distinct responses to opioids have been characterized. -cells are activated, although indirectly, by opioids, and there is strong evidence that this activation is crucial to opioid antinociception. -cells, thought to enable nociception, are directly inhibited by opioids. Cells of a third class, cells, do not respond to opioids and whether or not they have any role in nociceptive modulation remains an open question. OFQ infused within the RVM profoundly suppressed the firing of all classes of RVM neurons, blocking opioid-induced activation of -cells. The antinociceptive effects of a micro-opioid agonist infused at the same site were significantly attenuated in these animals. Those of systemically administered morphine, which can produce its antinociceptive effects by acting at a number of CNS sites, were not blocked by RVM OFQ. Inasmuch as activation of -cells can account for the antinociceptive action of opioids within the RVM, these results demonstrate that, at least within the medulla, OFQ can exert a functional "antiopioid" effect by suppressing firing of this cell class. However to the extent that antinociceptive and pronociceptive outflows from various brain regions involved in both transmission and modulation of nociception are active under different conditions, focal application of OFQ in different regions could potentially produce either hypalgesia or hyperalgesia.
N-Chlorotaurine shows high in vitro activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania species (2009)

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of life-threatening visceral as well as cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. First-line drugs are antimonials, but toxicity and resistance in some endemic areas cause serious problems. In the current study, the antileishmanial activity of the weak oxidant N-chlorotaurine (NCT) was investigated. NCT is a derivative of the amino acid taurine produced by granulocytes and monocytes during oxidative burst, but can also be synthesized chemically and used topically as an antiseptic at a concentration of 1 % (55 mM) in vivo. NCT susceptibility tests were performed in vitro with promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani. As NH(4)Cl is known to increase the activity of NCT by the formation of monochloramine (NH(2)Cl), co-treatment assays were included in the study. Mean EC(50) values after 1 h of treatment were 5.94 mM for L. infantum and 9.8 mM for L. donovani promastigotes. Co-treatment with 5.5 mM NCT plus 19 mM NH(4)Cl led to complete killing of promastigotes of both strains within 15 min. Amastigotes were inactivated by treatment with 2 mM NCT alone. The results of this study indicate a high potential of NCT against Leishmania species.
Human immune response to allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. IV. Occurrence of natural autologous anti‐idiotypic antibodies (1988)

IgG isolated from the plasma of seven individuals hypersensitive to the common house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) was exhaustively adsorbed onto insolubilized DPT. The unbound fraction was found by radioimmunoassay to contain antibodies recognizing the variable region of both anti-DPT IgG and IgE antibodies. This recognition was idiotype (Id)-specific as it persisted after passage over insolubilized polyclonal IgG of unrelated specificity. Most of these anti-Id IgG carried the internal image of the initial antigen in that they competitively inhibited the binding of anti-DPT antibodies to DPT. Immunoadsorption of anti-Id IgG onto insolubilized anti-DPT IgG antibodies from the same individual completely eliminated their reaction with anti-DPT IgG but not with anti-DPT IgE, suggesting that idiotopes included in the antigen-binding site of specific IgG and IgE antibodies were not identical. Anti-Id IgG recognizing idiotopes located outside the antigen-binding site (bystander idiotopes) were also completely removed by passage over insolubilized anti-DPT IgG; in this case the reaction of the anti-Id IgG with both anti-DPT IgG and anti-DPT IgE was inhibited, indicating that, for a given individual, bystander idiotopes were shared between anti-DPT antibodies pertaining to these two isotypes.
Long-term carrier envelope phase-locking of a PM fiber frequency comb source (2005)

The carrier envelope phase of a polarization-maintaining fiber frequency comb laser is stabilized for long periods of time using near orthogonal fast and slow controls of carrier envelope phase and repetition rate.