gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of adriamycin-oxidized dextran(ADM-OXD) on Kupffer cell. (1994)

The effect of adriamycin-oxidized dextran (ADM-OXD) on hepatic macrophage (Kupffer cell) was studied using male Wistar rats. Kupffer cell function was measured using as an index the clearance rate from circulating blood of extrinsic carbon particles (phagocytic index). This index fell markedly from soon after a single intravenous injection of ADM-OXD at a dose of 30 or 60 mg/kg in terms of ADM content. Carbon uptake in periportal Kupffer cells, evaluated using HE stained liver sections, was markedly lower in ADM-OXD treated animals than in control animals. The relationship between damage to parenchymal cells and to sinusoidal lining cells, especially Kupffer cells, was monitored morphologically and biochemically for 48 hours after a single injection at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Serum biochemical changes showing parenchymal cell dysfunction and morphologically regressive changes such as diffuse centrilobular necrosis were observed in pronounced form at 48 hours. Kupffer cells, in contrast, were found to be degenerative or necrotic ultrastructurally as early as at 8 hours. Immunohistochemically, the number of ED2-positive Kupffer cells in the periportal area decreased from 8 hours. Activity of serum cathepsin D, thought to be leaked from Kupffer cell lysosomes, was elevated from an early stage. It was judged that Kupffer cell damage preceded parenchymal cell damage. Pretreatment with estrogen, which has a proliferative action on hepatic macrophages, mitigated ADM-OXD-induced hepatotoxicity. Damage to sinusoidal lining cells (Kupffer cells) would therefore seem to participate closely in the onset of parenchymal cell damage.
Afferent vagal nerve stimulation induced sympathoinhibition may in part attribute to the beneficial impact of vagal nerve stimulation on heart failure (2013)

Purpose: Although the augmented sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is a salient feature of heart failure, while vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) benefits patients with heart failure. How the VNS impacts on SNA remains unknown. Since the vagal trunk has both efferent and afferent fibers, we hypothesized that the vagal afferent stimulation (AVNS) impacts on baroreflex control of SNA. Methods and results: In 6 anesthetized, ventilated rats, we controlled the pressure of isolated, bilateral carotid sinuses (CSP) and measured celiac SNA and arterial pressure (AP). Under a constant CSP at 100 mmHg, increasing the voltage of AVNS captured the vagal afferent nerves at 2-4 volts and dose dependently decreased SNA and AP. The averaged maximal inhibition of SNA were -27.3±5.3% (Fig. 1). To examine the impact of AVNS on the baroreflex system, we changed CSP stepwise and measured the response of SNA and AP with/without AVNS. AVNS reset the sigmoidal CSP-SNA relation (neural arc) downward, whereas unaffected the linear SNA-AP relation (peripheral arc) (Fig. 2). To evaluate the dynamic impacts of AVNS on SNA, we randomly stimulated AVNS with binary white noise sequences, and identified the transfer function from AVNS to SNA and that from SNA to AP. We also identified transfer function of native baroreflex from CSP to SNA and from SNA to AP. The transfer functions from AVNS to SNA strikingly resembled that from CSP to SNA. The transfer functions from SNA to AP were indistinguishable whether we perturbed CSP or AVNS indicating that they share the common central and peripheral neural mechanism. Conclusions: AVNS resets the baroreflex neural arc and induces sympathoinhibition just like the native baroreflex. The AVNS induced sympathoinhibition may in part attribute to the beneficial impacts of VNS on heart failure.
The Effects of the Price-Support Program for Peanuts on the Sale Value of Farms (1962)

T HE PRICE SUPPORT and production control program for peanuts has been in effect since the thirties as a means of increasing and stabilizing the price of peanuts. To maintain prices at parity levels, the program controls supply by acreage allotments which rigidly restrict the acreages eligible for price support. The allotment thus tends to take on value in its role as a license to produce. This implies that, when farms are sold, anticipated future peanut-growing benefits from the allotment are capitalized into farm land values. To the degree that this capitalization takes place, those persons owning the land factor are the beneficiaries of the program. This analysis seeks to determine the extent to which peanut program returns are reflected in the sale value of farms. More specifically, what have farm buyers and sellers determined as the price of land with a peanut allotment as opposed to land without an allotment? This paper summarizes the initial phase of a regional land values project representing the Virginia-North Carolina peanut-producing region.
A High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization Assay for Inhibitors of Gyrase B (2011)

DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase that introduces negative supercoils into DNA, is a validated antibacterial drug target. The holoenzyme is composed of 2 subunits, gyrase A (GyrA) and gyrase B (GyrB), which form a functional A(2)B(2) heterotetramer required for bacterial viability. A novel fluorescence polarization (FP) assay has been developed and optimized to detect inhibitors that bind to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding domain of GyrB. Guided by the crystal structure of the natural product novobiocin bound to GyrB, a novel novobiocin-Texas Red probe (Novo-TRX) was designed and synthesized for use in a high-throughput FP assay. The binding kinetics of the interaction of Novo-TRX with GyrB from Francisella tularensis has been characterized, as well as the effect of common buffer additives on the interaction. The assay was developed into a 21-µL, 384-well assay format and has been validated for use in high-throughput screening against a collection of Food and Drug Administration-approved compounds. The assay performed with an average Z' factor of 0.80 and was able to identify GyrB inhibitors from a screening library.
Rate of Rupture and Reattachment of the Band 3-Ankyrin Bridge on the Human Erythrocyte Membrane (2006)

The principal bridge connecting the erythrocyte membrane to the spectrin-based skeleton is established by band 3 and ankyrin; mutations leading to reduced bridge formation or increased bridge rupture result in morphological and mechanical abnormalities. Because membrane mechanical properties are determined in part by the protein interactions that stabilize the membrane, we have evaluated the rates of rupture and reattachment of band 3-ankyrin bridges under both resting and mechanically stressed conditions. To accomplish this, we have examined the rate of ankyrin displacement from inside-out vesicles by the hexahistidine-tagged cytoplasmic domain of band 3, cdb3-(His)6 and the rate of substitution of cdb3-(His)6 into endogenous band 3-ankyrin bridges in resealed erythrocytes in the presence and absence of shear stress. We demonstrate that 1) exogenous cdb3-(His)6 displaces endogenous ankyrin from IOVs with a half-time and first order rate constant of 42 +/- 14 min and 0.017 +/- 0.0058 min(-1), respectively; 2) exogenous cdb3-(His)6 substitutes endogenous band 3 in its linkage to ankyrin in resealed cells with a half-time and first order rate constant of 12 +/- 3.6 min and 0.060 +/- 0.019 min(-1), respectively; 3) cdb3-(His)6-mediated rupture of the band 3-ankyrin bridge in resealed cells results in decreased membrane mechanical stability, decreased deformability, abnormal morphology, and spontaneous vesiculation of the cells; and 4) the above on/off rates are not significantly accelerated by mechanical shear stress. We conclude that the off rates of the band 3-ankyrin interaction are sufficiently slow to allow sustained erythrocyte deformation without loss of elasticity.
Small-angle neutron scattering from giant water-in-oil microemulsion droplets. I. Ternary system (2008)

To investigate the kinetics of biochemical transformations in confined environments, compartments with a radius of the order of 10-50 nm are needed. Giant water-in-oil microemulsions provide such nanoscale reaction compartments and allow furthermore to control the degree of compartmentalization by an external tuning parameter such as temperature. With this motivation we investigated the phase behavior and the microstructure of oil-rich microemulsions. In this approach we focused on oil-rich microemulsions of the ternary system D(2)O-cyclohexane(d12)-C(12)E(6). Measurements of the phase behavior revealed that up to 20 wt % of water can be solubilized by less than 3 wt % of surfactant. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed to determine the length scales and microstructure topologies of the oil-rich microemulsions. To analyze the scattering data, we derived the form factor for polydisperse spherical Gaussian shells with a scattering contribution of the droplet core. The quantitative analysis of the scattering data with this form factor shows that the radius of the largest droplets amounts up to 36 nm.
Foundations of Sted Microscopy (2014)

This chapter presents the foundations of Sted microscopy with a comparison to its generalization Resolft microscopy and to stochastic imaging methods (Palm, Storm, Fpalm, and alike). The first section reviews the advantages of optical microscopy, explains the diffraction limit, and shows how the classical resolution limit was finally broken. It also reviews some of the achievements in super-resolution imaging. The second section explains in depth the principle of Sted microscopy and highlights some special Sted modalities like the use of continuous wave lasers, time-gating, fast imaging with up to 200 frames per second, and combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The third section treats some aspects of resolution in the presence of noise, especially in the scope of high-resolution imaging.
Longitudinal and azimuthal evolution of two-particle transverse momentum correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV (2020)

This paper presents the first measurements of the charge independent (CI) and charge dependent (CD) two-particle transverse momentum correlators G CI 2 and G CD 2 in Pb-Pb collisions at
Distribution of Peptidergic Nerve Fibres in the Guinea Pig Trabecular Meshwork (2000)

A quantitative analysis of peptidergic nerve fibres located in the trabecular meshwork of the guinea pig has been performed. Our results confirm that this structure contains VIP-, NPY- and substance P-like immunoreactivity as major neurotransmitters. These findings were obtained using immunohistochemical techniques. For this purpose serial sections of the eye were stained by immunohistochemistry for each of three neurotransmitters and stained sections were analysed by quantitative image analysis. Our findings demonstrate that SP-positive, NPY-positive and VIP-positive nerve fibres occupy 11.2, 4.9 and 2.4%, respectively, of the observed area (expressed as conventional units, C.U.) in the trabecular meshwork of the guinea pig eye. It is relevant to emphasize that the area containing these three types of peptidergic nerve fibres appears to be large (18.5 +/- 6.6 C.U.) in proportion to the total observed area. The innervation of the drainage angle of the guinea pig eye has been well described by many authors. This is the first study to report quantitative measurements of three types of peptidergic nerve fibres identified and measured in this area. The presence of these three neurotransmitters in the trabecular meshwork of guinea pig eye suggests their possible participation in aqueous humor regulation.
Deep Learning Super-Resolution Enables Rapid Simultaneous Morphological\n and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

Obtaining magnetic resonance images (MRI) with high resolution and generating\nquantitative image-based biomarkers for assessing tissue biochemistry is\ncrucial in clinical and research applications. How- ever, acquiring\nquantitative biomarkers requires high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is at\nodds with high-resolution in MRI, especially in a single rapid sequence. In\nthis paper, we demonstrate how super-resolution can be utilized to maintain\nadequate SNR for accurate quantification of the T2 relaxation time biomarker,\nwhile simultaneously generating high- resolution images. We compare the\nefficacy of resolution enhancement using metrics such as peak SNR and\nstructural similarity. We assess accuracy of cartilage T2 relaxation times by\ncomparing against a standard reference method. Our evaluation suggests that SR\ncan successfully maintain high-resolution and generate accurate biomarkers for\naccelerating MRI scans and enhancing the value of clinical and research MRI.\n
Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in human distal lung organoids (2021)

The distal lung contains terminal bronchioles and alveoli that facilitate gas exchange. Three-dimensional in vitro human distal lung culture systems would strongly facilitate investigation of pathologies including interstitial lung disease, cancer, and SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 pneumonia. We generated long-term feeder-free, chemically defined culture of distal lung progenitors as organoids derived from single adult human alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) or KRT5+ basal cells. AT2 organoids exhibited AT1 transdifferentiation potential while basal cell organoids developed lumens lined by differentiated club and ciliated cells. Single cell analysis of basal organoid KRT5+ cells revealed a distinct ITGA6+ITGB4+ mitotic population whose proliferation further segregated to a TNFRSF12Ahi subfraction comprising ~10% of KRT5+ basal cells, residing in clusters within terminal bronchioles and exhibiting enriched clonogenic organoid growth activity. Distal lung organoids were created with apical-out polarity to display ACE2 on the exposed external surface, facilitating SARS-CoV-2 infection of AT2 and basal cultures and identifying club cells as a novel target population. This long-term, feeder-free organoid culture of human distal lung, coupled with single cell analysis, identifies unsuspected basal cell functional heterogeneity and establishes a facile in vitro organoid model for human distal lung infections including COVID-19-associated pneumonia.
Diagnosis and significance of liver metastases in small cell carcinoma of the lung. (1984)

One hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients with small cell lung cancer seen at the National Cancer Institute over a four-year period underwent a series of pretherapy liver staging procedures to determine optimal means of detection and prognostic implications of hepatic metastases. Liver evaluation included physical examination, liver function tests, and liver scan (radionuclide or computerized tomography [CT]), as well as percutaneous and/or peritoneoscopy-directed liver biopsy when possible (74%). Liver metastases were detected in 26% of patients. Peritoneoscopy was the most sensitive method of liver evaluation and increased the detection of liver metastases when done in a sequential fashion after percutaneous liver biopsy from 18 to a total of 27 patients. Of the noninvasive procedures, radionuclide and CT liver scan were the most accurate concurring with liver biopsy in 87% of patients but permitting correct discrimination of stage in excess of 96% of patients. The accuracy of this noninvasive procedure was enhanced by an algorithm combining the results of radionuclide liver scan with liver function tests to detect patients with high or low likelihood of liver involvement. The survival and response of patients with liver metastases was significantly worse than those without such metastases with no three-year disease-free survivors among patients with liver metastases.
Molecular Engineering of Functional Inorganic and Hybrid Materials (2013)

For 25 years, Chemistry of Materials has been clearly providing a key forum to chemists, physicists, and engineers interested in materials preparation and characterization, in the search of unique physical properties and processing of innovative materials and devices. This short review presents a discussion on some recent advances in this field, illustrated with a few selected examples related to three of our main research areas: the synthesis of single nano-objects and the processing of porous and hierarchically structured materials and hybrid nanocomposite materials. A strong emphasis is also given to the need to realize a successful marriage between materials chemistry and smart processing. These cross-cutting approaches in the vein of bioinspired synthesis strategies are allowing the development of complex systems of various shapes with perfect mastery at different length scales of composition, structure, porosity, functionality, and morphology. These “integrative strategies”, where all aspects of materials science are coupled, open a land of opportunities to tailor-made advanced inorganic and hybrid materials. Some of them are already impacting numerous societal concerns and industrial applications.
STUDY ON PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BORNYL ACETATE IN VOLATILE OIL OF AMOMUM VILLOSUM (2001)

OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacological effects of bornyl acetate, the main ingradient of Amomum villosum volatile oil. METHODS:The experiments included diarrhea caused by Folium Sennae, pain caused by acetic acid, empty of mice stomach and inner pressure of rabbits' small intestine. RESULTS: Mouse's wet excrement numbers, writhe numbers and restrain rates of rabbit's small intestine in the bornyl acetate group were obviously less than that in the negative group, however, empty rates of mouse's stomach had no obvious different with the negative group.CONCLUSION:Bornyl acetate had obvious functions as relieving pain, antidiarrhea and restaining movements of small intestine smooth muscle.
Garnet Solid Electrolyte Protected Li-Metal Batteries (2017)

Garnet-type solid state electrolyte (SSE) is a promising candidate for high performance lithium (Li)-metal batteries due to its good stability and high ionic conductivity. One of the main challenges for garnet solid state batteries is the poor solid-solid contact between the garnet and electrodes, which results in high interfacial resistance, large polarizations, and low efficiencies in batteries. To address this challenge, in this work gel electrolyte is used as an interlayer between solid electrolyte and solid electrodes to improve their contact and reduce their interfacial resistance. The gel electrolyte has a soft structure, high ionic conductivity, and good wettability. Through construction of the garnet/gel interlayer/electrode structure, the interfacial resistance of the garnet significantly decreased from 6.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 248 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> for the cathode and from 1.4 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 214 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> for the Li-metal anode, successfully demonstrating a full cell with high capacity (140 mAh/g for LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode) over 70 stable cycles in room temperature. This work provides a binary electrolyte consisting of gel electrolyte and solid electrolyte to address the interfacial challenge of solid electrolyte and electrodes and the demonstrated hybrid battery presents a promising future for battery development with high energy and good safety.
Stereochemical diversity as a source of discovery in chemical biology (2022)

Chirality is an inherent aspect of biology, and interactions between biomolecules are often influenced by stereochemistry and topographic complexity. This has implications for how small-molecule libraries are assembled for screening campaigns in chemical biology and drug discovery. Here we review the state of the field in the context of harnessing chirality as a source of chemical information at the chemistry-biology interface. We further highlight the emergence of screening libraries containing stereoisomeric sets of compounds and the concept of using stereoselectivity of phenotype and/or target engagement as a way to prioritize actionable targets and streamline the identification of selective and potent modulators of disease-relevant biomolecules. The chemical information density of FDA-approved drugs and the effect of stereochemistry on molecular complexity are reported. Finally, axial chirality and atroposelectivity are discussed as potential expansions of the aforementioned concepts.
Dalorex: A Data-Local Program Execution and Architecture for Memory-bound Applications (2022)

Applications with low data reuse and frequent irregular memory accesses, such as graph or sparse linear algebra workloads, fail to scale well due to memory bottlenecks and poor core utilization. While prior work with prefetching, decoupling, or pipelining can mitigate memory latency and improve core utilization, memory bottlenecks persist due to limited off-chip bandwidth. Approaches doing processing in-memory (PIM) with Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) overcome bandwidth limitations but fail to achieve high core utilization due to poor task scheduling and synchronization overheads. Moreover, the high memory-per-core ratio available with HMC limits strong scaling. We introduce Dalorex, a hardware-software co-design that achieves high parallelism and energy efficiency, demonstrating strong scaling with &gt;16,000 cores when processing graph and sparse linear algebra workloads. Over the prior work in PIM, both using 256 cores, Dalorex improves performance and energy consumption by two orders of magnitude through (1) a tile-based distributed-memory architecture where each processing tile holds an equal amount of data, and all memory operations are local; (2) a task-based parallel programming model where tasks are executed by the processing unit that is co-located with the target data; (3) a network design optimized for irregular traffic, where all communication is one-way, and messages do not contain routing metadata; (4) novel traffic-aware task scheduling hardware that maintains high core utilization; and (5) a data placement strategy that improves work balance. This work proposes architectural and software innovations to provide the greatest scalability to date for running graph algorithms while still being programmable for other domains.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Cr(II)‐Mediated Synthesis of E‐Alkenylstannanes from Aldehydes Using Bu3SnCHI2 in DMF. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater (1997)

Compared to carcinoma of the pancreas, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater has a higher resectability rate and a better prognosis. Early diagnosis is important because lymph node status influences survival. Careful operative dissection and avoidance of transfusions also improves long-term survival.