gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of Yersinia enterocolitica enterotoxin (1979)

Enterotoxin derived from three clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica was compared with the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. Both toxins were biologically active in infant mice examined at 2 h and in ligated rabbit ileal loops at 6 h. Neither substance, however, produced changes in ligated ileal loops at 18 h or in Chinese hamster ovary or Y1 adrenal tissue cultures. In addition, both Y. enterocolitica enterotoxin concentrated approximately 20 times by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration and a similarly prepared sample of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin stimulated the activity of guanylate cyclase but not that of adenylate cyclase in infant mouse intestine. These findings suggest that the role of enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of intestinal Y.enterocolitica infection may be similar to that of heat-stable enterotoxin in E. coli diarrhea.
Recovering signals from the Short-Time Fourier Transform magnitude (2015)

The problem of recovering signals from the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) magnitude is of paramount importance in many areas of engineering and physics. This problem has received a lot of attention over the last few decades, but not much is known about conditions under which the STFT magnitude is a unique signal representation. Also, the recovery techniques proposed by researchers are mostly heuristic in nature. In this work, we first show that almost all signals can be uniquely identified by their STFT magnitude under mild conditions. Then, we consider a semidefinite relaxation-based algorithm and provide the first theoretical guarantees for the same. Numerical simulations complement our theoretical analysis and provide many directions for future work.
Accurate Prediction of Serum Antibody Levels from Noninvasive Saliva/Nasal Samples (2023)

The importance of easily accessible, noninvasive samples, such as saliva, to effectively monitor serum antibody levels has been underscored by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although a correlation between saliva and serum antibody titers has been observed, the ability to predict serum antibody levels from measurements in saliva is not well established. Herein, the authors demonstrate that measurements of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in both saliva and nasal specimens can be used to accurately determine serum levels by utilizing endogenous total IgG as an internal calibrator. They postulate that this method can be extended to the measurement of many different antibody analytes, making it of high interest for antibody therapeutic drug monitoring applications.
An efficient and robust method for lithium-ion battery capacity estimation using constant-voltage charging time (2022)

The state-of-health (SoH) estimation based on the constant-voltage (CV) charging data has been an interesting research topic in recent years. However, most of the existing estimation methods based on CV charging data are sensitive to the cut-off condition and/or require a relatively high storage resource as well as computing power, preventing the feasibility in real world applications. To extend the scope of the estimation method based on CV charging data, this paper proposes a quick and robust battery capacity estimation method using a two-layer CV charging time (TCV)-based model. First, the evolution of TCV-based SoH model with respect to different cut-off currents is investigated, and the detailed mathematical expressions of the model coefficients are derived based on the decoupled dynamic characteristics of the CV charging current. Second, considering the actual sampling periods (Tss) utilized in the online application, a Ts-adaptive moving average filter is proposed to filter the high-frequency measurement noise. Third, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can determine SoH with a root-mean-square error of less than 2.05% for two types of tested batteries under different charging protocols. In addition, the comparison study further highlights the superiority of the proposed method in terms of robustness, accuracy, computational cost, and storage consumption.
Reliable Compact Models for the Investigation of Acoustic High-Frequency Effects in MEMS Transducers (2018)

We present a fully coupled multi-energy domain compact model of a MEMS microphone dedicated to the investigation of acoustic high-frequency effects affecting the device behavior. To this end, the components of the acoustic domain are described using physics-derived analytical expressions. Finite element simulations are employed to confirm the validity of the acoustic submodel. The differential equations governing the small-signal dynamics of the electrically actuated transducer are solved in the frequency domain with MATLAB. The full-system model is calibrated and validated with experimental data. Measurements and simulations show very good agreement, which highlights the reliability of the presented modeling approach.
Learning to Solve Optimization Problems with Hard Linear Constraints (2022)

Constrained optimization problems appear in a wide variety of challenging real-world problems, where constraints often capture the physics of the underlying system. Classic methods for solving these problems rely on iterative algorithms that explore the feasible domain in the search for the best solution. These iterative methods are often the computational bottleneck in decision-making and adversely impact time-sensitive applications. Recently, neural approximators have shown promise as a replacement for the iterative solvers that can output the optimal solution in a single feed-forward providing rapid solutions to optimization problems. However, enforcing constraints through neural networks remains an open challenge. This paper develops a neural approximator that maps the inputs to an optimization problem with hard linear constraints to a feasible solution that is nearly optimal. Our proposed approach consists of four main steps: 1) reducing the original problem to optimization on a set of independent variables, 2) finding a gauge function that maps the infty-norm unit ball to the feasible set of the reduced problem, 3)learning a neural approximator that maps the optimization's inputs to an optimal point in the infty-norm unit ball, and 4) find the values of the dependent variables from the independent variable and recover the solution to the original problem. We can guarantee hard feasibility through this sequence of steps. Unlike the current learning-assisted solutions, our method is free of parameter-tuning and removes iterations altogether. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed method in quadratic programming in the context of the optimal power dispatch (critical to the resiliency of our electric grid) and a constrained non-convex optimization in the context of image registration problems.
Readily Available Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2022)

endothelial cells
Effects of Lewis Number on Temperatures of Spherical Diffusion Flames (2007)

Spherical diffusion flames supported on a porous sphere were studied numerically and experimentally. Experiments were performed in 2.2 s and 5.2 s microgravity facilities. Numerical results were obtained from a Chemkin-based program. The program simulates flow from a porous sphere into a quiescent environment, yields both steady-state and transient results, and accounts for optically thick gas-phase radiation. The low flow velocities and long residence times in these diffusion flames lead to enhanced radiative and diffusive effects. Despite similar adiabatic flame temperatures, the measured and predicted temperatures varied by as much as 700 K. The temperature reduction correlates with flame size but characteristic flow times and, importantly, Lewis number also influence temperature. The numerical results show that the ambient gas Lewis number would have a strong effect on flame temperature if the flames were steady and nonradiating. For example, a 10% decrease in Lewis number would increase the steady-state flame temperature by 200 K. However, for these transient, radiating flames the effect of Lewis number is small. Transient predictions of flame sizes are larger than those observed in microgravity experiments. Close agreement could not be obtained without either increasing the model s thermal and mass diffusion properties by 30% or reducing mass flow rate by 25%.
Validation of SMURF Estimation of Shear Modulus in Hydrogels (2009)

A validation study of the Spatially Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (SMURF) method for shear modulus estimation is presented. SMURF estimates of uniform gelatin and Zerdine™ phantoms covering a modulus range of 2 to 18 kPa are compared with results obtained by unconfined mechanical compression and sonoelastography. The results show agreement within the measurement uncertainties over the range indicated for all three methods. Repeatability and variation on the order of 5% of the phantom modulus are found for observations made at a single point within the phantom. Averaging of modulus estimates from several adjacent scan lines further decreases the variation. By using multiple radiation force peaks to induce a shear wave of known wavelength and measure the frequency of the wave, SMURF obtains modulus estimates from tracking data acquired along a single A-line. This is significant, as speckle can bias the measured phase of the shear wave. SMURF is shown to be insensitive to a constant phase error in the shear wave measurement. This results in greatly reduced correlated noise in the modulus estimates, in contrast with methods which track at multiple locations and do not cancel phase errors.
SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE FOR REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PEDIATRIC CRYPTOCOCCAL INFECTION (2007)

Cryptococcus neoformans is present in areas contaminated with pigeon droppings. Unrecognized infections are hypothesized to occur commonly among immunocompetent individuals. We used serology to estimate prevalence of cryptococcal infection in immunocompetent children from 3 regions. Our results indicate unrecognized cryptococcal infections are extremely common in Bronx children, but uncommon in children from Dutchess County, NY and the Philippines.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Selective Modulation of a Pan-Essential Protein as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;NXT2 expression is associated with NXT1 dependency&lt;/p&gt;
Sliding mode fault tolerant control of uncertain systems with time varying delay: Application to AFR control (2013)

This paper considers fault tolerant control for systems with polytopic uncertainties and unknown interval time varying delay. Sliding mode technique is used for both controller and observer design. For the controller embedding the observer states the sliding surface is always bounded by the error dynamics. The accuracy of fault reconstruction depends not only on disturbance but the plant and observer states, as well as the error dynamics, which is used to reconstruct the fault. The proposed method tries to reduce the ultimate bound of the overall system to improve both control and fault reconstruction performance. The method is applied to AFR control of a gasoline engine. A nonlinear simulation of the model is used to verify the its effectiveness.
A semantic approach to the dynamic design of interaction controls in conversation systems (2002)

To support a full-fledged, multimedia human-computer conversation, we are building an intelligent framework, called Responsive Information Architect (RIA), which can automatically synthesize multimedia responses during the conversation. As part of its visual response generation, RIA dynamically creates context-sensitive interaction controls that are visual interfaces through which users can further interact with RIA. To enable the systematic design of interaction controls, we study and abstract control properties. In particular, in this paper we present a semantic model that captures the intentional, presentational, and behavioral characteristics of interaction controls. Using this model, we show how to systematically sketch the semantics of an interaction control.
The design and use of DNPH-coated silica cartridges for the analysis of carbonyls in outdoor air (1994)

The determination of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone concentrations in ambient air is a required specification of the PAMS regulation. Section 5.0 of the Technical Assistance Document defines the testing methodology for measuring carbonyls in ambient air. This testing methodology is based on the use of DNPH coated silica cartridges. The user is given the choice of either preparing their own cartridges or purchasing them from a commercial source. Waters introduced the DNPH Silica Sep-Pak Cartridge into the marketplace in 1991. This cartridge is now in widespread use throughout the world in numerous carbonyl air monitoring applications. A key component of their success has been the transferal of the product and application expertise to the customers. This presentation will focus the keys for the successful utilization of the precoated DNPH cartridges for carbonyl monitoring in ambient air. Product design and product performance issues such as lot-to-lot consistency, shelf life, sample stability and potential analyte interferences will be addressed. Examples of actual analysis problems, their symptoms and solutions will also be presented.
Sr[BeSi2N4]:Eu2+/Ce3+ and Eu[BeSi2N4]: Nontypical Luminescence in Highly Condensed Nitridoberyllosilicates (2018)

M[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] (M=Sr,Eu), crystallizing in the hexagonal space group P6‾ 2c, was synthesized from Sr(NH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> , Be<sub>3</sub> N<sub>2</sub> , and "Si(NH)<sub>2</sub> " in W crucibles under a N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere in a radio-frequency furnace. The crystal structure was solved from powder X-ray diffraction data by the charge-flipping method (Sr[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ]: a=4.86082(2), c=9.42264(4) Å, Z=2; Eu[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ]: a=4.85848(1), c=9.41615(4) Å). M[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] contains a highly condensed rigid network of trigonal planar [BeN<sub>3</sub> ] units that are connected to Si<sub>2</sub> N<sub>7</sub> double tetrahedra by common vertices. M[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] (M=Sr,Eu) are the first examples of nitridoberyllosilicates and are isotypic to the oxoberyllate Sr[Be<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> ]. Eu<sup>2+</sup> -doped Sr[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] and Eu[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] show orange-trapped exciton emission (λ<sub>em</sub> =605 nm, fwhm ≈126 nm), whereas Ce<sup>3+</sup> -doped samples of Sr[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] show nontypical yellowish-orange luminescence. Sr[BeSi<sub>2</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ] has a large band gap of ≈4.4 eV and shows high chemical and thermal stability. Eu<sup>2+</sup> -doped beryllates with regular 4f<sup>6</sup> 5d<sup>1</sup> →4f<sup>7</sup> -emission could be interesting for future application in LEDs upon doping with Eu<sup>2+</sup> or Ce<sup>3+</sup> due to large band gaps, rigid networks, and chemical and thermal stability.
GaN high power amplifier MMIC for 30W Compact Doherty amplifier for LTE active antenna system (2015)

In this paper, an high efficiency and high output power amplifier MMIC based on 0.25 um GaN HEMT proress is presented. The MMIC has been designed with an output impedance moving technique to help a Doherty amplifier to be implemented in a small area. A compact Doherty amplifier for an active antenna system of a LTE base station has been implemented with the developed GaN high power amplifier (HPA) MMIC. The Doherty amplifier has been measured with power added efficiency (PAE) of 42 % at 7 dB back-off output power of 38 dBm, the maximum PAE of 55 % at the peak saturated output power of 45dBm in the frequency range 2.62 GHz ∼ 2.69 GHz. The Doherty amplifier has the linear gain more than 27 dB in the frequency range and ACLR performance better than −31 dBc with the 20 MHz bandwidth WCDMA signal without helping any linearization technique. The Doherty amplifier has been assembled in PCB with the size of 25 mm × 25 mm including input LTCC divider and output combining networks.
The effect of hearing aid signal processing on speech intelligibility in a realistic virtual sound environment (2020)

To develop hearing aids (HA) that benefit users in real-world acoustic conditions, it may be helpful to evaluate HA algorithms psychoacoustically, in controlled yet realistic laboratory settings. However, typical outcome measures like speech intelligibility (SI) are commonly obtained using rather artificial acoustic stimuli. This study investigated the effect of HA signal processing on SI in a more ecologically valid way, using a spatialized version of the Danish Hearing In Noise Test inside a loudspeaker-based virtual sound environment (VSE). The VSE employed spatial recordings of two real-world sound scenarios and quadraphonic speech-shaped noise (SSN) as distinct masker stimuli with spatialized target speech. Unaided performance was compared with results obtained in two master HA configurations: a basic setup consisting of dynamic range compression only and a setup including beamforming as well. Overall, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were significantly higher in the conditions with real-world noise maskers compared to the artificial SSN masker. HA performance depended strongly on input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and was most effective at negative SNRs. The HA setup including beamforming only revealed benefits for the SSN masker. This study underscores the importance of evaluating SI and HAs at realistic SNRs, allowing for better prediction of real-life HA benefit.
Accelerated testing for the selection of the most reliable microvia design (2017)

The small size and high density of microvias makes them susceptible to developing cracks resultant from the stresses that produce mechanical and thermal fatigue on fragile structure. Their use in support of the critical functions of systems regardless of the industry type brings up the importance of their high reliability. Having in mind the overall industry concern, the design team of the transmitter/receiver (T/R) modules has developed the test for selection of the most reliable design which would satisfy the very stringent reliability requirements of this complex system. The accelerated thermal cycling and thermal dwell test has evaluated and compared the variations of a group of legacy deign microvia shapes to the proposed design solutions and was able to aid in selection of the most desirable design solution. Out of 24 new design variations each using four different materials, the best reliability was found in the design D3A-B where the reliability results did not depend on the material used. Majority of other new designs for high reliability results used Material #4, the fact that poses a certain limitation on the design requirements. The test was highly accelerated and automated, and the effort has provided well identified distinctive results for prevention of mission critical failures.
Materials and Cell Designs for Bipolar Fuel Cells (2015)

The PEM-AEM interface is a critical component in bipolar membrane fuel cell operation. In this study, interfacial materials with varying conductivities were used in order to control the location of the junction within the MEA. Use of a conductive interface consisting of a single ion conductive material resulted in devices with lower interfacial resistance as compared to a neutral interface. When comparing conductive interface materials, anion-conductive materials provided lower total membrane resistance than proton-conductive materials. This decrease is attributed to the movement of the junction from the AEM surface near the cathode to the PEM surface near the anode.
Can neurons sense millimeter waves? (2010)

The applications and commercial use of millimeter-and submillimeter-wavelength radiation are becoming more and more widespread in our society. As such, there is a growing need to better understand and quantify both the coupling mechanisms and the impact of this long wavelength energy on biological function. Independent of the health impact of high doses of radio frequency (RF) energy on full organisms, there exists the potential for more subtle effects, which can best be quantified in studies which examine real-time changes in cellular function as RF energy is applied. In this paper we present the first real time examination of millimeter-wave induced changes in cellular activity at absorbed power levels well below the existing safe exposure limits of 1mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Using sensitive patch clamp measurements on pyramidal neurons in cortical slices of neonatal rats, the authors present the first direct evidence of millimeter-wave induced changes in action potential firing rates and membrane porosity. Non-invasive modulation of neuronal activity could prove useful in a variety of health applications from suppression of peripheral neuropathic pain to treatment of central neurological disorders.
Timing estimation in multiple-antenna systems over Rayleigh flat-fading channels (2004)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of timing estimation in multiple-antenna systems with the aid of training signals. A slow, independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh flat-fading channel model is considered. We derive two maximum likelihood (ML) timing estimators based on two different approaches, namely treating the channel deterministic and random, respectively, and present the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs). Then the optimal designs of training signals based on some figures of merit associated with the CRBs are discussed.
Emergent Coordination Through Competition (2019)

We study the emergence of cooperative behaviors in reinforcement learning agents by introducing a challenging competitive multi-agent soccer environment with continuous simulated physics. We demonstrate that decentralized, population-based training with co-play can lead to a progression in agents' behaviors: from random, to simple ball chasing, and finally showing evidence of cooperation. Our study highlights several of the challenges encountered in large scale multi-agent training in continuous control. In particular, we demonstrate that the automatic optimization of simple shaping rewards, not themselves conducive to co-operative behavior, can lead to long-horizon team behavior. We further apply an evaluation scheme, grounded by game theoretic principals, that can assess agent performance in the absence of pre-defined evaluation tasks or human baselines.
Vasorelaxant effect of stilbenes from rhizome extract of rhubarb (Rheum undulatum) on the contractility of rat aorta (2006)

The vascular relaxant effect of the rhizome extract of Rheum undulatum was evaluated with isolated rat thoracic aorta preparations. The methanol extract of the rhizome induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of aortic preparations precontracted with 0.3 microm phenylephrine (EC50 value: 5.8 microg/mL). The activity-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of seven hydroxystilbene components as active principles, i.e. piceatannol, resveratrol, desoxyrhapontigenin, rhapontigenin, piceid, rhaponticin and epsilon-viniferin. Of these, piceatannol, a tetrahydroxystilbene, exhibited the most potent vascular relaxant effect in rat aortic preparations (EC50 value 2.4 microm). The vasorelaxant effect of piceatannol on endothelium-intact aorta rings was diminished completely by the removal of functional endothelium or by pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. These results suggest that piceatannol may be the major mediator responsible for the vasorelaxing properties of the rhizome extract of Rheum undulatum and the vasorelaxant effects of the piceatannol may be mediated via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide signaling pathway.