gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic Guidance in Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Shape of Things to Come (2011)

Surgeons want to perform a perfect total hip arthroplasty (THA) with every operation. Human performance has limitations, especially when performing a mechanical operation in a biological environment. Recent suggested changes to improve outcomes have been large femoral heads and anterior incisions, but unfortunately, neither has resulted in any scientific data that change has been effected. The scientific data tell us that poor component positions and impingement are the source of increasing mechanical complications. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve the surgeon's performance by precise quantitative knowledge in the operating room. Robotic-guided navigation provides numerical data for cup inclination plus anteversion and center of rotation; femoral leg length and offset; and combined anteversion of the cup and stem. The acetabular bone preparation is done with a reamer connected to a robotic arm, which prevents human error by the surgeon of reaming off line or too deep. This technology provides predictable and reproducible results.
Seal Qualification and Single-Trip Lockdown Sleeve Reduces Risk Through Innovative and Advanced Technology (2019)

Abstract The oil and gas industry continues to face the need to reduce risk and the overall cost of operations as a means to compensate for lower oil prices. Conventional designs and methods are economically infeasible when drilling offshore in the current economic environment pushing the manufacturer to re-evaluate how to reduce risk and drive down costs. This paper describes a new and advanced way to drive down cost and reduce risk while drilling by reducing the number of trips into the well, adding significant value to the end user. The subsea wellhead system functions in a dynamic, complex environment; however, the qualification process of this system commonly employs relatively static test fixtures. These critical seal/casing hanger barriers within this wellhead system are presented, discussed and shown with exhaustive validation efforts necessary to evaluate relevant failure modes. Within the wellhead system, loads are typically resultant of a combined state including pressure and temperature. The validation of these components is aimed at defining the performance of the system in these states while detailing the limitations that one performance aspect may have on another. (Brown, 2017) This wellhead system offers reduced cost, simplified installation procedures and lower operational risk. Traditionally, a wellhead system would require a drilling lockdown sleeve during the drilling operations; however, prior to running the lockdown sleeve, many additional trips are made into the well to verify the position of the hanger in the wellhead. By eliminating the lockdown sleeve, the operator will save multiple trips into the well, therefore, reducing NPT and cost of operations. This is proven by performing well-defined subsea seal/casing hanger testing validation to accurately simulate the installed configuration. Because of this innovative seal assembly design, development of a single trip lock down sleeve was designed for wellhead systems requiring extremely high lock down requirements. The lock down sleeve does not require a trip with a Lead Impression Tool to clean the wellhead and measure the position of pre-installed equipment. This allows the user to save trips previously required by legacy designs, reducing time spent down hole and reducing overall cost. The antiquated claims of not being able to provide metal-to-metal sealing in dynamic applications are dispelled based on performed validation testing of a metal-to-metal seal (with no elastomeric/thermoplastic elements) which accurately represents field scenarios, in which combined pressure/temperature, load and hanger movement are applied. Therefore, the need for costly trips into the well is shown to be unnecessary with the installation of the single trip lockdown sleeve and/or high capacity casing hanger/seal assembly.
Scalability potential in ELTRAN/sup (R)/ SOI-epi wafer (2002)

For coming device applications, advanced requirements for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are increasing. One of the most important items is scalability that includes scaling up of the wafer diameter and scaling down of the SOI layer thickness (t/sub SOI/). 300 mm wafers and ultra thin SOI with t/sub SOI/ less than 100 nm will be required according to the ITRS (SIA, 1999). 300 mm SOI wafers are essential for process cost reduction of the most advanced device applications with shrunken design rules. On the other hand, ultra thin SOI layers are important especially for fully depleted SOI-MOSFETs. In this paper, we applied ELTRAN/sup (R)/ technology (Yonehara et al., 1994) to 300 mm SOI and ultra thin SOI in order to demonstrate the scalability.
Expression of Fhit, Mlh1, p16INK4A and E-cadherin in early gastric neoplasia: Correlation with histological grade and gastric phenotype (2007)

An increasing number of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that are inactivated by hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter have been reported in gastric carcinomas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of TSG protein expression, which correlates with the promoter status, methylated or not, during the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis and to examine its relationship with mucin phenotype. The protein expression of 4 TSGs including Fhit, Mlh1, p16INK4A and E-cadherin was examined using immunohistochemical methods in 103 early gastric neoplasias, comprising 41 adenomas and 62 intramucosal carcinomas, obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection. In addition, phenotypic expression patterns (gastric-, intestinal- and mixed-phenotypes) were also examined. The expression of Fhit, Mlh1, p16 and E-cadherin was lost or reduced in 7.3, 12.2, 12.2 and 9.8% of the adenomas and in 35.5, 29.0, 29.0 and 32.3% of the intramucosal carcinomas, respectively. The absent expression of p16 was significantly associated with the degree of dysplasia in the adenomas (p=0.038). The average number of proteins among the 4 TSGs, whose expression was lost or reduced per sample, was significantly higher in the intramucosal carcinomas (1.35) than in the adenomas (0.41) (p=0.00013). Similarly, the average number was significantly higher in the gastric-type tumors (2.05) than in the intestinal-type tumors (0.49) (p=0.0000019). We demonstrated an increase in the number of TSG proteins whose expression is reduced or lost in the early stages of gastric tumorigenesis, and that this increase is associated with histological grade and gastric phenotype.
EMF Levels in 5G New Radio Environment in Seoul, Korea (2021)

This paper reports the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure levels from fifth generation (5G) services. Three mobile operators in South Korea launched the world's first 5G New Radio networks using the 3.5 GHz band in April 2019. The transmitted power of the uplink slots and the synchronization signal reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) from user equipment (UE) were measured in Seoul. The power samples, averaged over a 1-s duration, were obtained for a traffic period of approximately 270 h from October 2019 to early February 2020 using the file transfer protocol while driving along the side streets in residential areas of Seoul. The measurement results show that the time-average level when exposed to a beam sweep of the base stations was less than 5 μW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . However, the UE transmitted power level approached the maximum for a considerable period of the total measurement time owing to the extremely low SS-RSRP level of the base stations.
Computation of Dehydration Effects of the Membrane in a PEM Fuel Cell (2005)

The water management is one of crucial issues to secure a safe and reliable operation of a fuel cell system. Particularly, water flooding blocks influx of reactants in the porous materials or a lack of water in membrane may lead to decrease proton conductivity. Computational methodologies using 3D CFD are employed to conduct analyses. However, the exponentially increasing computational time and the complexity of the validation process necessary for the models are impeding further dynamic study. On the other hand, most of the current models used for the analysis are based on the empirical polarization curve, which does not include the phenomena of water dehydration. We developed a dynamic quasi-1D model for a membrane layer appropriate for an analysis of the dehydration, which considers two aspects: (1) water removed by the outlet gases at the two electrodes; (2) water transported by diffusion and electro-osmotic forces in the membrane. Simulations have been conducted to analyze the effects of load currents and anode/cathode inlet pressure as well as flow rates on the dynamic variation of water content in the membrane and derive impacts on the behavior of the whole PEM fuel cell system.
A redetermination of the crystal structure of 'Thorium(IV) Tetrakis(trifluoroacetylacetonate)': Stereochemistry of the system [M(bidentate ligand)4(unidentate ligand)x± (1978)

The structure of '[Th(CF3COCHCOCH3)4]' has been redetermined from diffractometer data and shown to be [Th(CF3COCHCOCH3)4(H2O)]. The stereochemistry is in agreement with that determined for the [M(bidentate ligand)4(unidentate ligand)]x± system by a calculation based on a repulsion model.
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase produces analgesia by multiple mechanisms (2006)

1 The reversible fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor OL135 reverses mechanical allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and mild thermal injury (MTI) models in the rat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the cannabinoid and opioid systems in mediating this analgesic effect. 2 Elevated brain concentrations of anandamide (350 pmol g(-1) of tissue vs 60 pmol g(-1) in vehicle-treated controls) were found in brains of rats given OL135 (20 mg kg(-1)) i.p. 15 min prior to 20 mg kg(-1) i.p. anandamide. 3 Predosing rats with OL135 (2-60 mg kg(-1) i.p.) 30 min before administration of an irreversible FAAH inhibitor (URB597: 0.3 mg kg(-1) intracardiac) was found to protect brain FAAH from irreversible inactivation. The level of enzyme protection was correlated with the OL135 concentrations in the same brains. 4 OL135 (100 mg kg(-1) i.p.) reduced by 50% of the maximum possible efficacy (MPE) mechanical allodynia induced by MTI in FAAH(+/+)mice (von Frey filament measurement) 30 min after dosing, but was without effect in FAAH(-/-) mice. 5 OL135 given i.p. resulted in a dose-responsive reversal of mechanical allodynia in both MTI and SNL models in the rat with an ED(50) between 6 and 9 mg kg(-1). The plasma concentration at the ED(50) in both models was 0.7 microM (240 ng ml(-1)). 6 In the rat SNL model, coadministration of the selective CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528 (5 mg kg(-1) i.p.), with 20 mg kg(-1) OL135 blocked the OL135-induced reversal of mechanical allodynia, but the selective CB(1) antagonist SR141716A (5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) was without effect. 7 In the rat MTI model neither SR141716A or SR144528 (both at 5 mg kg(-1) i.p.), or a combination of both antagonists coadministered with OL135 (20 mg kg(-1)) blocked reversal of mechanical allodynia assessed 30 min after dosing. 8 In both the MTI model and SNL models in rats, naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p. 30 min after OL135) reversed the analgesia (to 15% of control levels in the MTI model, to zero in the SNL) produced by OL135.
Immersive Analytics (Dagstuhl Seminar 16231) (2016)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 16231 "Immersive Analytics". Close to 40 researchers and practitioners participated in this seminar to discuss and define the field of Immersive Analytics, to create a community around it, and to identify its research challenges. As the participants had a diverse background in a variety of disciplines, including Human-Computer-Interaction, Augmented and Virtual Reality, Information Visualization, and Visual Analytics, the seminar featured a couple of survey talks on the first days, followed by plenary and working group discussions that were meant to shape the field of Immerswive Analytics. As an outcome, a book publication is planned with book chapters provided by the participants.
Il Pensiero Computazionale: dagli algoritmi al coding (2017)

Il pensiero computazionale è un processo mentale per la risoluzione di problemi attraverso una serie ordinata di istruzioni precise, l’algoritmo. Ogni volta che usiamo uno smartphone per telefonare, scattare una foto, ascoltare musica o accedere a Internet, mettiamo in azione in modo del tutto invisibile una complicatissima «computazione», che ci consente di operare su suoni, immagini e sequenze di caratteri. Il libro introduce al pensiero computazionale proponendo e risolvendo problemi via via più complessi, e ne illustra alcune delle più importanti applicazioni nella società del nostro tempo, dalla gestione dei Big Data alla compressione dei testi, alla crittografia e al funzionamento dei motori di ricerca.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of New Chiral and Prochiral Trisphosphines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Iterative Denoising for Cross-Corpus Discovery (2004)

We consider the problem of statistical pattern recognition in a heterogeneous, high-dimensional setting. In particular, we consider the search for meaningful cross-category associations in a heterogeneous text document corpus. Our approach involves “iterative denoising ” — that is, iteratively extracting (corpus-dependent) features and partitioning the document collection into sub-corpora. We present an anecdote wherein this methodology discovers a meaningful cross-category association in a heterogeneous collection of scientific documents.
Combining Sensory Information: Mandatory Fusion Within, but Not Between, Senses (2002)

Humans use multiple sources of sensory information to estimate environmental properties. For example, the eyes and hands both provide relevant information about an object's shape. The eyes estimate shape using binocular disparity, perspective projection, etc. The hands supply haptic shape information by means of tactile and proprioceptive cues. Combining information across cues can improve estimation of object properties but may come at a cost: loss of single-cue information. We report that single-cue information is indeed lost when cues from within the same sensory modality (disparity and texture gradients in vision) are combined, but not when different modalities (vision and haptics) are combined.
Allopregnanolone induces a diurnally dependent hyperphagic effect and alters feeding latency and duration in male Wistar rats (2013)

Allopregnanolone seems to act at several levels of feeding regulation, that is, to initiate feeding and to prolong the duration of a meal, thereby increasing the meal size, especially in the dark period of the 24-h cycle.
The formation of filamentous structures from iodinated neurotubules (1975)

The porcine neurotubule and its basic subunit were found to be modified in vitro by iodination of amino acids (principally tyrosine) using lactoperoxidase. Iodide ion, H2O2, or lactoperoxidase singly or in any pairwise combination had virtually no effect on neurotubules. However, when all three reagents were present, permitting covalent iodination, it was found that at 0.1 iodotyrosines per tubulin dimer the microtubules unravel to form structures which morphologically resemble strands of protofilaments twisted or wound around each other. These abnormal tubules are stable at room temperature and 4 degrees C. Both monomers of tubulin are labeled to approximately the same extent. Iodinated tubulin (0.1 iodotyrosines/dimer) is unable to assemble in vitro under normal assembly conditions. Heavily iodinated microtubules (8 iodines per tubulin dimer) are similar in morphology to the slightly iodinated structures.
PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Model (2022)

Effective scaling and a flexible task interface enable large language models to excel at many tasks. We present PaLI (Pathways Language and Image model), a model that extends this approach to the joint modeling of language and vision. PaLI generates text based on visual and textual inputs, and with this interface performs many vision, language, and multimodal tasks, in many languages. To train PaLI, we make use of large pre-trained encoder-decoder language models and Vision Transformers (ViTs). This allows us to capitalize on their existing capabilities and leverage the substantial cost of training them. We find that joint scaling of the vision and language components is important. Since existing Transformers for language are much larger than their vision counterparts, we train a large, 4-billion parameter ViT (ViT-e) to quantify the benefits from even larger-capacity vision models. To train PaLI, we create a large multilingual mix of pretraining tasks, based on a new image-text training set containing 10B images and texts in over 100 languages. PaLI achieves state-of-the-art in multiple vision and language tasks (such as captioning, visual question-answering, scene-text understanding), while retaining a simple, modular, and scalable design.
Apoptotic Effects of Anthocyanins from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Are Enhanced by Augmented Enhancer of the Rudimentary Homolog (ERH) in Human Gastric Carcinoma MKN28 Cells (2021)

Evidence suggests that augmented expression of a certain gene can influence the efficacy of targeted and conventional chemotherapies. Here, we tested whether the high expression of enhancer of the rudimentary homolog (ERH), which serves as a prognostic factor in some cancers, can influence the efficacy of anthocyanins isolated from fruits of <i>Vitis coignetiae Pulliat</i>, Meoru in Korea (AIMs) on human gastric cancer cells. The anticancer efficacy of AIMs was augmented in ERH-transfected MKN28 cells (E-MKN28 cells). Molecularly, ERH augmented AIM-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and -9. The ERH-augmented apoptotic effect was related to mitochondrial depolarization and inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins, XIAP, and Bcl-2. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was augmented in AIMs-treated E-MKN28 cells compared to AIMs-treated naïve MKN28 cells. In conclusion, ERH augmented AIM-induced caspase-dependent mitochondrial-related apoptosis in MKN28 cells. A decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and subsequent excessive ROS generation would be the mechanism for ERH-augmented mitochondrial-related apoptosis in AIMs-treated MKN28 cells. A decrease in expression of XIAP would be another mechanism for ERH-augmented caspase-dependent apoptosis in AIMs-treated MKN28 cells.
Basic techniques for the use of reverse phase protein microarrays for signal pathway profiling (2005)

Abstract Ultimately, disease‐related genetic defects are manifested on a protein level, involving derangements in protein function and the information flow within diseased cells and the surrounding tissue microenvironment. New classes of protein microarrays have been recently developed using highly sensitive, specific technology, and can be used to generate a “wiring diagram” of information flow mediated through posttranslational modification driven networks. Through the combined use of laser capture microdissection of pure populations of tumor cells obtained from patient biopsies, these arrays can provide the foundation for the development of individualized combinatorial therapies of molecular inhibitors to target tumor‐specific deranged pathways regulating key biologic processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and metastasis. In the future, therapies can be tailored to the specific deranged molecular circuitry of an individual patient's disease. The successful transition of these technologies from research tools to integrated clinical diagnostic platforms will require ongoing continued development, development of reference standards, and optimization with rigorous standardization development and quality‐control procedures.
Precharging strategy to accelerate spin-transfer switching below the nanosecond (2005)

We compared different ways of inducing magnetization switching by spin momentum transfer in pillar shaped CoFe∕Cu∕CoFe trilayers using sub-ns-current pulses. In comparison with switching induced by a single sub-ns pulse, precharging the device with a bias current prior to the application of the pulse proved to lower the required peak current. Precharging is efficient for pulses ranging from 2ns down to at least 200ps. Simulations indicate that the bias current prepares the magnetization in a precession state that provides an enhanced susceptibility to the spin torque of the pulsed current. The precession settling time is typically 2ns, hence the precharging strategy loses its efficiency for longer pulses, in agreement with experiments.
Resonant holographic interferometry using ZnTe:V,Mn (1996)

Summary form only given. We have shown that photorefractive semiconductors, in particular ZnTe:V,Mn, may be used to record and reconstruct high-quality, real-time resonant holographic interferometry (RHI) interferograms with 6 nanosecond laser pulses. The diffraction efficiency and time response of our ZnTe:V,Mn crystal was shown to be adequate for RHI applications using a laser diode of modest power.
Heterogeneity of Envelope Molecules Expressed on Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles as Probed by the Binding of Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies (2002)

Virion capture assays, in which immobilized antibodies (Abs) capture virus particles, have been used to suggest that nonneutralizing Abs bind effectively to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary viruses. Here, we show that virion capture assays, under conditions commonly reported in the literature, give a poor indication of epitope expression on the surface of infectious primary HIV-1. First, estimation of primary HIV-1 capture by p24 measurements shows a very poor correlation with an estimation based on infectivity measurements. Second, virion capture appears to require relatively low Ab affinity for the virion, as shown by the ability of a monoclonal Ab to capture a wild-type and a neutralization escape variant virus equally well. Nevertheless, in a more interpretable competition format, it is shown that nonneutralizing anti-CD4 binding site (CD4bs) Abs compete with a neutralizing anti-CD4bs Ab (b12) for virus capture, suggesting that the nonneutralizing anti-CD4bs Abs are able to bind to the envelope species that is involved in virion capture in these experiments. However, the nonneutralizing anti-CD4bs Abs do not inhibit neutralization by b12 even at considerable excess. This suggests that the nonneutralizing Abs are unable to bind effectively to the envelope species required for virus infectivity. The results were obtained for three different primary virus envelopes. The explanation that we favor is that infectious HIV-1 primary virions can express two forms of gp120, an accessible nonfunctional form and a functional form with limited access. Binding to the nonfunctional form, which needs only to be present at relatively low density on the virion, permits capture but does not lead to neutralization. The expression of a nonfunctional but accessible form of gp120 on virions may contribute to the general failure of HIV-1 infection to elicit cross-neutralizing Abs and may represent a significant problem for vaccines based on viruses or virus-like particles.