gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias inAu+Aucollisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons (2011)

We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Pairs of back-to-back high-transverse-momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, the associated hadron distribution of both trigger sides reveals no modification in either relative pseudorapidity $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\eta}$ or relative azimuthal angle $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\phi}$ from $\text{d}+\text{Au}$ to central $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions. We determine associated hadron yields and spectra as well as production rates for such correlated back-to-back triggers to gain additional insights on medium properties.
Autistic Phenotype from MEF2C Knockout Cells (2009)

In their Research Article (“Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry,” 11 July 2008, p. [218][1]), E. M. Morrow et al. showed that gene expression associated with autism-spectrum disorders (ASD) is controlled by MEF2 transcription factors and hypothesized that autistic
Development of a Hot-Stamping Brass Resistant to Dezincification (1978)

AbstractAbstractA hot-stamping brass immune to dezincijication has been developed. The recommended composition is 35·0–37·0% zinc, 1·7–2·7% lead, 0·08–0·12% arsenic, remainder copper. The alloy contains sufficient beta phase at the hot working temperature (∼820°c) to ensure adequate formability. After stamping, a heat treatment, usually 2 h at 500°c, transforms any residual beta to alpha. Dezincijication is inhibited by adding arsenic, and good machinability is assured by adding lead. Within the composition limits recommended, the tin content should be kept below 0·25% to ensure that the alloy has the correct constitution and, as iron and manganese reduce the effective arsenic content, the sum of these elements is preferably less than 0·25%.
Why Did Outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Occur in Some Hospital Wards but Not in Others? (2007)

Background. Most documented "superspreading events" of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in hospitals, but the underlying causes remain unclear. We systematically analyzed the risk factors for nosocomial outbreaks of SARS among hospital wards in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, China.
Pseudo-binary electrolyte, LiBH4–LiCl, for bulk-type all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery (2015)

The ionic conduction and electrochemical and thermal stabilities of the LiBH4-LiCl solid-state electrolyte were investigated for use in bulk-type all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. The LiBH4-LiCl solid-state electrolyte exhibiting a lithium ionic conductivity of [Formula: see text] at 373 K, forms a reversible interface with a lithium metal electrode and has a wide electrochemical potential window up to 5 V. By means of the high-energy mechanical ball-milling technique, we prepared a composite powder consisting of elemental sulfur and mixed conductive additive, i.e., Ketjen black and Maxsorb. In that composite powder, homogeneous dispersion of the materials is achieved on a nanometer scale, and thereby a high concentration of the interface among them is induced. Such nanometer-scale dispersals of both elemental sulfur and carbon materials play an important role in enhancing the electrochemical reaction of elemental sulfur. The highly deformable LiBH4-LiCl electrolyte assists in the formation of a high concentration of tight interfaces with the sulfur-carbon composite powder. The LiBH4-LiCl electrolyte also allows the formation of the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte layers, and thus the Li-ion transport paths are established at that interface. As a result, our battery exhibits high discharge capacities of 1377, 856, and 636 mAh g(-1) for the 1st, 2nd, and 5th discharges, respectively, at 373 K. These results imply that complex hydride-based solid-state electrolytes that contain Cl-ions in the crystal would be integrated into rechargeable batteries.
A recursive modular terabit/second ATM switch (1991)

The author proposes a recursive modular architecture for a very large scale asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch. By extending the concept of the original knockout switch, the cell filtering and contention resolution functions are distributed over many small switch elements, which are arranged in a crossbar structure. The output ports of a switch fabric are partitioned into a number of groups by a novel grouping network to permit sharing of the routing paths in the same group. This partitioning and sharing concept is applied recursively to construct the entire switch elements. The technique of channel grouping for trunk circuits can be incorporated in the proposed ATM switch to improve the cell loss/delay performance while the cells' sequences are retained. A prototype circuit for the key switch element has been designed, and it has been shown that more than 4000 of the switch elements can be integrated into a VLSI chip with existing CMOS 1- mu m technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A New Lithium Alkoxide Accelerated Diastereoselective Cyanation of Ketones (2001)

[reaction: see text] A remarkably general lithium heteroatom assisted TMSCN or TBSCN addition to aldehydes and ketones has been discovered. The process provides excellent selectivities and high rates. Conformationally constrained ketones such as camphor, fenchone, and nopinone give excellent diastereoselectivities with TMSCN. Reduction of 2 provided diastereopure amino alcohol 3 in good yield. alpha- and beta-Methyl cyclohexanones with TBSCN-LiOR afford high diastereoselectivities and yields.
Controlling the input impedance of constant power loads (2018)

Power electronic circuits often regulate load power and present a constant power load (CPL) to the utility or other electrical source. Because CPLs exhibit a negative incremental input impedance, they pose stability concerns in both DC and AC systems. This paper presents a power converter for a constant power LED lighting load that mitigates these stability concerns by presenting a controllable input impedance to the electrical source. The use of an energy buffer allows the converter to control input power to resemble a resistive load over short times, while still delivering constant output power. Experimental results demonstrate that the converter exhibits a resistive input impedance at frequencies over 0.5 Hz while maintaining constant power to the LED load.
Photometric Stereo Using Sparse Bayesian Regression for General Diffuse Surfaces (2014)

Most conventional algorithms for non-Lambertian photometric stereo can be partitioned into two categories. The first category is built upon stable outlier rejection techniques while assuming a dense Lambertian structure for the inliers, and thus performance degrades when general diffuse regions are present. The second utilizes complex reflectance representations and non-linear optimization over pixels to handle non-Lambertian surfaces, but does not explicitly account for shadows or other forms of corrupting outliers. In this paper, we present a purely pixel-wise photometric stereo method that stably and efficiently handles various non-Lambertian effects by assuming that appearances can be decomposed into a sparse, non-diffuse component (e.g., shadows, specularities, etc.) and a diffuse component represented by a monotonic function of the surface normal and lighting dot-product. This function is constructed using a piecewise linear approximation to the inverse diffuse model, leading to closed-form estimates of the surface normals and model parameters in the absence of non-diffuse corruptions. The latter are modeled as latent variables embedded within a hierarchical Bayesian model such that we may accurately compute the unknown surface normals while simultaneously separating diffuse from non-diffuse components. Extensive evaluations are performed that show state-of-the-art performance using both synthetic and real-world images.
Practical MRI atlas of neonatal brain development (1990)

This book is an anatomical reference for cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in neonates and infants. It contains 122 clear, sharp MRI scans and drawings showing changes in the normal appearance of the brain and skull during development. Sections of the atlas depict the major processes of maturation: brain myelination, development of the corpus callosum, development of the cranial bone marrow, and iron deposition in the brain. High-quality scans illustrate how these changes appear on magnetic resonance images during various stages of development.
Evaluation of Lower-Dose Spiral Head CT for Detection of Intracranial Findings Causing Neurologic Deficits (2019)

Observer performance for dose levels using 100-200 eff mAs was noninferior to that observed at 250 effective mAs with iterative reconstruction, with iterative reconstruction preserving noninferiority at a mean CT dose index of 15.2 mGy.
{TRIST}: Circumventing Censorship with Transcoding-Resistant Image Steganography (2014)

We explore the viability of extending state-of-the-art image steganography techniques for bypassing censorship. Our quest for a scalable steganographic technique, which is robust against automated transcoders that reformat images in-flight, led to the implementation of a prototype system called TRIST1 that embeds data by selectively modifying bits in the frequency domain of the image. By choosing heavily quantized frequency components at low JPEG quality values, we can robustly embed information within images, and demonstrate how this information survives a number of transformations, including transcoding to higher JPEG quality levels and other perturbations, such as image resizing (within bounds). We evaluate our system by building a prototype of a transcoding-resistant steganography library that we integrate with StegoTorus [36]. Our evaluations demonstrate that StegoTorus integrated with TRIST provides reasonable bandwidth capable of supporting basic web surfing along with transcoding resilience. Finally, we describe how our system can be adapted to counter state-of-theart statistical attacks such as blockiness detectors.
Assessment of Effects of Pipe Surface Roughness and Pipe Elbows on the Accuracy of Meter Factors Using the Ultrasonic Pulse Doppler Method (2008)

The velocity profile of the flow in a pipe and its influence on the profile factor used with conventional flow meters were investigated with ultrasonic pulse Doppler measurements. From the measured velocity profiles, the influences of surface roughness and Reynolds number were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively. As pipe surface roughness changes during plant operation, the velocity profile changes, producing a change in the profile factor. Variation in the Reynolds number also influences the change in the profile factor. Experiments were conducted at high temperature and pressure to evaluate the ultrasonic pulse Doppler method for measuring the flow of nuclear plant cooling water. Helium gas bubbles provided sufficiently persistent ultrasonic reflectors when injected into high-pressure water, permitting the velocity profile of the flow to be obtained under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions using this method.
Spontaneous resolution in a halogen bonded supramolecular architecture (2005)

The halogen bonding driven self-assembly of 1,8-diiodoperfluorooctane and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine induces the formation of a chiral and enantiopure co-crystal wherein the fluorinated chains adopt an unusual gauche arrangement.
Compact Multiwavelength Laser Source Based on Cascaded InP-Microdisks Coupled to One SOI Waveguide (2008)

A compact multiwavelength laser source, which consists of four cascaded InP-microdisks coupled to one SOI waveguide, is introduced for WDM purposes. Equally distributed laser peaks and low crosstalk were obtained with the proposed structure.
Impact of Patient Affect on Physician Estimate of Probability of Serious Illness and Test Ordering (2017)

Clinicians may use patients' faces to make clinically important inferences about presence of serious illness and need for diagnostic testing. However, these inferences may fail to align with actual patient outcomes.
Indication of wettability from dielectric measurements on partially saturated rocks using effective medium models (2015)

ABSTRACT We used two effective medium models to fit dielectric measurements on a limestone for water-wet (WW) and mixed-wet (MW) cores. The models were based on a bimodal distribution of matrix and hydrocarbon inclusions dispersed in a water host, either as one effective inclusion (bimodal model) or as separate entities (Feng-Sen bimodal). We observed that wettability has a significant effect on the shape factors of the inclusions. These shape factors were the apparent cementation factor in the bimodal and the shape factor for hydrocarbon in the Feng-Sen bimodal. The apparent cementation factor obtained in the bimodal model combined the effects of matrix and hydrocarbon in the water phase tortuosity, and we got higher values for MW than WW rocks of similar pore structure and lithology. It also varied with water saturation. The shape factor for hydrocarbon in the Feng-Sen bimodal model showed how the shape distribution of hydrocarbon affected the water phase tortuosity. It got higher values for MW than WW rocks of similar pore structure and lithology and also varied with water saturation. This variation can be interpreted as a change in the shape of the hydrocarbon ganglion. Because these shape factors are sensitive to water saturation and wettability, we need to be careful when only using them to solely interpret wettability. We expect that this study can be useful in identifying parameters from dielectric measurements that are sensitive to wettability.
High‐precision and high‐stability inkjet printing technology for QD color converter‐type micro‐LED display (2023)

Abstract This paper reports on the development of a specialized inkjet printing head and equipment for high‐resolution printing of QD dispersed inks. First, to achieve a robust process, we proposed an inkjet head design compatible with higher ink viscosity and with an ink circulation system to avoid particle aggregation. Further, we introduce a multi‐restrictor inside the head to minimize ink fluid pumping pulsations on the print head and a drive‐per‐nozzle technology with individual nozzle waveform control. Results include down to 0.8 pL ± 1.8% droplet variation across all nozzles, with a three‐sigma accuracy 1.0 μm for droplet landing position. By combining optimized ink, inkjet head, and equipment technology, we successfully fabricated color converter‐type micro‐LED display panels.
Die to Wafer Hybrid Bonding and Fine Pitch Considerations (2021)

Hybrid bonding is becoming increasingly important as the semiconductor industry plans for the next generation of packaging where high bandwidth architectures are required to achieve improved compute performance demands. The scalability challenges in solder-based interconnects at <; 35 μm pitch has fueled the adoption of hybrid bonding as a technology with enhanced scalability. The direct bond interconnect (DBI®) technology which was developed originally for wafer to wafer (W2W) applications has been extended to die to wafer (D2W) as DBI® Ultra. In this paper, we discuss the test results for a new die to wafer hybrid bonding test vehicle with an interconnect design of 2 μm pad on 4 μm pitch. The 8 mm by 12 mm chip contains daisy chain test structures ranging from 126,000 to 1,600,000 links. The component die wafers were singulated with conventional stealth dicing and then processed on tape frame for preparation of D2W bonding. The 2 μm bond pad requires sub-micron alignment accuracy within the pick and place tool for 100% alignment yield. However, due to bonder availability, our initial trials were bonded on a Besi Chameo Advanced bonder with an ISO 3 bonding environment and an alignment accuracy of +/- 3 μm (3 σ). The bond quality is characterized with C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (CSAM), electrical resistance measurement, and cross-section microscopy analysis. The bond yield is shared as a function of bond defect density and electrical yield. Daisy chain yield and resistance versus misalignment for the fine pitch test vehicle are compared to test vehicles having a 10 μm pad on 40 μm pitch. The implications of the 10x pitch shrink on process control from wafer and die fabrication are discussed.
Effect of leaning angle of gecko-inspired slanted polymer nanohairs on dry adhesion (2010)

We present analysis of adhesion properties of angled polymer nanohairs with a wide range of leaning angles from 0° to 45° and ultraviolet (UV)-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) materials of two different elastic moduli (19.8 and 320 MPa). It is demonstrated that shear adhesion and adhesion hysteresis can be greatly enhanced by increasing the leaning angle of nanohairs both for soft and hard materials due to increased contact area and reduced structural stiffness.
Line-Voltage Control Based on Wayside Energy Storage Systems for Tramway Networks (2015)

This paper presents a control strategy for the power flow management of a wayside energy storage system based on a supercapacitor technology installed in a tramway network. The control is based on the management in real time of voltage levels at catenary point connections in order to optimize the energy flow among the running tramcars and substations with the goals of improving the energy saving and reducing the voltage drops in the supply network. The suggested control algorithm was experimentally validated using a laboratory-scale model to verify the effectiveness of the strategy. A lithium-ion capacitor module with 72 series-connected laminated cells of the JSR Micro ULTIMO type was used. Thus, an emulation of a real tramway network in the city of Naples (ANM) was implemented to evaluate the potential impact in terms of costs/benefits of the next installation on the ANM network.
Conservation of surface epitopes inPseudomonas aeruginosaouter membrane porin protein OprF (1993)

The outer membrane proteins of several prominent bacterial pathogens demonstrate substantial variation in their surface antigenic epitopes. To determine if this was also true for Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein OprF, gene sequencing of a serotype 5 isolate was performed to permit comparison with the published serotype 12 oprF gene sequence. Only 16 nucleotide substitutions in the 1053 nucleotide coding region were observed; none of these changed the amino acid sequence. A panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacted with each of 46 P. aeruginosa strains representing all 17 serotype strains, 12 clinical isolates, 15 environmental isolates and 2 laboratory isolates. Between two and eight of these mAbs also reacted with proteins from representatives of the rRNA homology group I of the Pseudomonadaceae. Nine of the ten mAbs recognized surface antigenic epitopes as determined by indirect immunofluorescence techniques and their ability to opsonize P. aeruginosa for phagocytosis. These epitopes were partially masked by lipopolysaccharide side chains as revealed using a side chain-deficient mutant. It is concluded that OprF is a highly conserved protein with several conserved surface antigenic epitopes.
Discovery of Novel Histamine H4 and Serotonin Transporter Ligands Using the Topological Feature Tree Descriptor (2011)

Ligand-based approaches are particularly important in the hit identification process of drug discovery when no structural information on the target is available. Pharmacophore descriptors that use a topological representation of the ligands are usually fast enough to screen large compound libraries effectively when seeking novel lead candidates. One example of this kind is the Feature Tree descriptor, a reduced graph representation implemented in the FTrees software. In this study, we tested the screening efficiency of FTrees by both retrospective and prospective screens using known histamine H4 antagonists and serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors as query molecules. Our results demonstrate that FTrees can effectively find actives. Particularly when combined with a subsequent 2D fingerprint-based diversity selection, FTrees was found to be extremely effective at discovering a diverse set of scaffolds. Prospective screening of our in-house compound deck provided several novel H4 and SERT ligands that could serve as suitable starting points for further optimization.
Stakeholders, Prototypes, and Settings of Front-End Medical Device Design Activities (2022)

Abstract Successful medical device design entails an understanding of stakeholder-driven requirements early in the process to assure device safety and usability and support successful and positive patient experiences. Prototypes can be used during stakeholder engagement in the design front end to gather information to inform design decisions. However, an understanding of medical device industry practices of front-end stakeholder engagement with prototypes is lacking. Through interviews with medical device design practitioners, this study explored the variety of stakeholder groups engaged by design practitioners, prototype types used during stakeholder engagements, and settings in which engagements took place during front-end design activities. This study describes the 14 types of stakeholders, 14 types of prototypes, and six types of settings described by practitioners as well as patterns across engagement strategies, stakeholders, prototypes, and/or settings in front-end activities. These outcomes can contribute to broadening designers' stakeholder engagement planning and practices.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 Expression in Thyroid Tumor Progression: Potential Diagnostic Application (2013)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. In thyroid cancer it has been observed a FGFR-2 down-modulation, but the role of this receptor has not been yet clarified. Therefore, we decided to examine the expression of both FGFR-2 isoform, FGFR-2-IIIb and FGFR-2-IIIc, in different histological thyroid variants such as hyperplasia, follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative Real-Time PCR analyses were performed on samples of hyperplasia, follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma, compared with normal thyroid tissue. Thyroid hyperplasia did not show statistically significant reduction in FGFR-2 protein and mRNA levels. Interestingly, in both follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma samples we observed a strongly reduced expression of both FGFR-2 isoforms. We speculate that FGFR-2 down-modulation might be an early event in thyroid carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we suggest the potential use of FGFR-2 as an early marker for thyroid cancer diagnosis.